gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic heating from indium nanoparticles on a floating microporous membrane for enhanced solar seawater desalination (2017)

Passive solar evaporation represents a promising and environmentally benign method of water purification/desalination. Plasmonic nanoparticles have been demonstrated as an effective approach for enhancing solar steam generation through a plasmonic heating effect, nonetheless the efficiency is constrained by unnecessary bulk heating of the entire liquid volume, while the noble metals commonly used are not cost-effective in terms of availability and their sophisticated preparation. Herein, a paper-like plasmonic device consisting of a microporous membrane and indium nanoparticles (In NPs/MPM) is fabricated through a simple thermal evaporation method. Due to the light-weight and porous nature of the device, the broadband light absorption properties, and theoretically the excellent plasmonic heating effect from In NP which could be even higher than gold, silver and aluminium nanoparticles, our device can effectively enhance solar water evaporation by floating on the water surface and its utility has been demonstrated in the solar desalination of a real seawater sample. The durability of the device in solar seawater desalination has also been investigated over multiple cycles with stable performances. This portable device could provide a solution for individuals to do water/seawater purification in under-developed areas with limited/no access to electricity or a centralized drinking water supply.
Constructing Smooth Non-Manifold Meshes of Multi-Labeled Volumetric Datasets (2005)

This paper presents a method for constructing consistent non-manifold meshes of multi-labeled volumetric datasets. This approach is different to traditional surface reconstruction algorithms which often only support extracting 2-manifold surfaces based on a binary voxel classification. However, in some – especially medical – applications, multi-labeled datasets, where up to eight differently labeled voxels can be adjacent, are subject to visualization resulting in non-manifold meshes. In addition to an efficient surface reconstruction method, a constrained geometric filter is developed which can be applied to these non-manifold meshes without producing ridges at mesh junctions.
Mobilizing the Micro-Ops: Exploiting Context Sensitive Decoding for Security and Energy Efficiency (2018)

Modern instruction set decoders feature translation of native instructions into internal micro-ops to simplify CPU design and improve instruction-level parallelism. However, this translation is static in most known instances. This work proposes context-sensitive decoding, a technique that enables customization of the micro-op translation at the microsecond or faster granularity, based on the current execution context and/or preset hardware events. While there are many potential applications, this work demonstrates its effectiveness with two use cases: 1) as a novel security defense to thwart instruction/data cache-based side-channel attacks, as demonstrated on commercial implementations of RSA and AES and 2) as a power management technique that performs selective devectorization to enable efficient unit-level power gating. This architecture, first by allowing execution to transition between different translation modes rapidly, defends against a variety of attacks, completely obfuscating code-dependent cache access, only sacrificing 5% in steady-state performance – orders of magnitude less than prior art. By selectively disabling the vector units without disabling vector arithmetic, context-sensitive decoding reduces energy by 12.9% with minimal loss in performance. Both optimizations work with no significant changes to the pipeline or the external ISA.
Effect of a new retinoidal benzoic acid derivative on normal human hematopoietic progenitor cell growth in vitro. (1986)

13-cis-Retinoic acid (RA) has been demonstrated to alter hemopoiesis in vitro. We compared proliferation and differentiation effects of RA to a synthetic retinoid, (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl-1-propenyl]benzoic acid (TTNPB), on human normal bone marrow cells. TTNPB stimulated the in vitro growth of erythroid-granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and erythroid progenitors. Dose-response curves showed that maximal increments of erythroid-granulocyte-macrophage progenitor growth [173 +/- 17% (SE)] and erythroid progenitor growth [210 +/- 40%] occurred with TTNPB at 10(-9) M. With RA, there was maximal increment (173 +/- 21%) for erythroid progenitors only, and that at 10(-8) M. Evaluating clonogenicity of marrow cells in the presence of the two retinoic acid derivatives demonstrated that TTNPB and RA enhanced myeloid colony (CFU-C) growth; maximal stimulation occurred at 10(-6) M (130 +/- 8% and 161 +/- 5% increment for TTNPB and RA, respectively). The two retinoic acid analogues did not alter the differentiation pattern of myeloid colonies (macrophage colonies, granulocytic colonies, or granulocyte-macrophage colonies). Replating studies showed that the formation of secondary hemopoietic colonies was not altered following incubation of hemopoietic progenitors with TTNPB or RA. These data demonstrate that TTNPB is more active than RA in stimulating the growth of hemopoietic progenitors from normal marrows. Such findings may have therapeutic implications for various hemopoietic disorders.
A Novel Data Association Algorithm for Object Tracking in Clutter with Application to Tennis Video Analysis (2006)

It is well recognised that data association is critically important for object tracking. However, in the presence of successive misdetections, a large number of false candidates and an unknown number of abrupt model switchings that happen unpredictably, the data association problem can be very difficult. We tackle these difficulties by using a layered data association scheme. At the object level, trajectories are "grown" from sets of object candidates that have high probabilities of containing only true positives; by this means the otherwise combinatorial complexity is significantly reduced. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm is then used to perform data association at the trajectory level. The algorithm is applied to low-quality tennis video sequences to track a tennis ball. Experiments show that the algorithm is robust to abrupt model switchings, and performs well in heavily cluttered environments.
An anti-peptide antibody targeted to a specific region of rat cytochrome <i>P</i>-450IA2 inhibits enzyme activity (1990)

An anti-peptide antibody has been produced which binds to and specifically inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450IA2 in rat hepatic microsomes. This was achieved by raising an antibody against a synthetic peptide (Ser-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asn), the sequence of which occurs in cytochrome P-450IA2 at positions 290-296. The selection of this region of cytochrome P-450IA2 was based on several criteria, including prediction of surface and loop areas, identification of variable regions between cytochromes P-450IA2 and P-450IA1, and consideration of a site on cytochrome P-450IA1 where chemical modification has been shown to cause substantial enzyme inactivation. The specificity of antibody binding was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by immunoblotting using hepatic microsomal preparations and purified cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes. This showed that the antibody binds specifically to rat and mouse cytochrome P-450IA2 and to no other cytochrome P-450, as was predicted from the amino acid sequences of the peptide and the cytochromes P-450. The effect of the antibody upon enzyme activity was studied in hepatic microsomes from rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. The antibody was shown to inhibit specifically the activity of reactions catalysed by cytochrome P-450IA2 (phenacetin O-de-ethylase and 2-acetylaminofluorene activation), but had no effect on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, which is catalysed by cytochrome P-450IA1, or on aflatoxin B1 activation.
Impact of bowel movement condition on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2019)

Stool abnormality might be a predictive biomarker for the clinical benefit of ICI treatment in patients with NSCLC. Further investigations are warranted to validate our findings.
The hot chocolate effect (1982)

The ’’hot chocolate effect’’ was investigated quantitatively, using water. If a tall glass cylinder is filled nearly completely with water and tapped on the bottom with a softened mallet one can detect the lowest longitudinal mode of the water column, for which the height of the water column is one-quarter wavelength. If the cylinder is rapidly filled with hot tap water containing dissolved air the pitch of that mode may descend by nearly three octaves during the first few seconds as the air comes out of solution and forms bubbles. Then the pitch gradually rises as the bubbles float to the top. A simple theoretical expression for the pitch ratio is derived and compared with experiment. The agreement is good to within the 10% accuracy of the experiments.
Vascular endothelial growth factor counteracts the loss of phospho‐Akt preceding motor neurone degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2007)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the selective loss of motor neurones. In the present study, the involvement of the antiapoptotic protein, Akt (protein kinase B), was studied. We found that motor neurones of both sporadic and familial ALS patients lack phospho-Akt, and that motor neurones of mutant SOD1 mice lose activated Akt early in the disease, before the onset of clinical symptoms. In vitro, overexpression of constitutively active Akt protects against mutant SOD1-dependent cell death. In vivo, levels of phospho-Akt in the spinal cord increase after intracerebroventricular administration of vascular endothelial growth factor to mutant SOD1 rats, a treatment we previously described to significantly protect motor neurones. From these results, we conclude that the loss of phospho-Akt could be involved in motor neurone death in ALS, and that therapies upregulating phospho-Akt thus might be of clinical relevance.
CMOS-MEMS dynamic FM atomic force microscope (2013)

We present the first imaging results with a dynamic FM-AFM (frequency modulation atomic force microscope) on a chip. This instrument does not require any off-chip scanning hardware or position sensors. The CMOS-MEMS dynamic FM-AFM includes 3-D electrothermal actuation, 3-axis position sensing, and a flexural resonant cantilever with balanced piezoresistive detection, all integrated on a single chip. Several design principles are applied to reduce the instrument's sensitivity to electrical and thermal coupling effects. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first integrated dynamic FM-AFM that can image a sample independently.
Cdk5 Nuclear Localization Is p27-dependent in Nerve Cells (2010)

Initiation of a cell cycle in an adult neuron leads to cell death, placing great importance on the mechanisms that normally suppress the neuronal cell cycle. We have previously shown that the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk5 is an important part of this process, but only when it is present in the nucleus. We report here that Cdk5 nuclear localization relies on its binding to the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Cdk5 has no intrinsic nuclear localization signal; in the absence of p27, two weak nuclear export signals that bind CRM1 cause it to shuttle to the cytoplasm. When a neuron is subjected to stress, such as exposure to beta-amyloid, the Cdk5-p27 interaction is lost, reducing Cdk5 levels in the nucleus and depriving the neuron of a major cell cycle suppression mechanism. Caspase-3 is activated within hours, but death is not immediate; elevated levels of cytoplasmic Cdk5 appear to retard neuronal death by a mechanism that may involve Bcl2. These data suggest a model in which Cdk5 exerts a double protective function in neurons: chronically suppressing the cell cycle when located in the nucleus and transiently delaying cell death in the cytoplasm.
HLA-DR (Ia-like) reactivity in tumors of bone and soft tissue: an immunohistochemical comparison of monoclonal antibodies LN3 and LK8D3 in routinely processed specimens. (1990)

Recent studies of Class II histocompatibility antigen expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas have suggested that malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) may express HLA-DR, whereas histologically similar pleomorphic, epithelioid, and spindle cell malignant neoplasms generally do not. To test whether these observations are reproducible in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas, anti-HLA-DR antibodies LK8D3 and LN3 were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of MFH, neurofibrosarcoma (NFS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), synovial sarcoma (SS), fibrosarcoma (FS), angiosarcoma (AS), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), chondrosarcoma (ChS), "dedifferentiated" chondrosarcoma (DChS), osteosarcoma (OS), epithelioid sarcoma (ES), and clear cell sarcoma (CCS; malignant melanoma of soft parts). The only consistent difference in Class II antigen expression was seen in the group of neoplasms composed of large polygonal cells. Among the latter lesions, four of six clear cell sarcomas were labeled by LK8D3 or LN3, but none of 12 epithelioid sarcomas were reactive. Otherwise, a diversity of tumors in other morphologic categories expressed Class II antigens, with no clear diagnostic patterns. These results may be of use in the diagnostic separation of large cell epithelioid tumors of soft tissue, but neither LN3 nor LK8D3 appears to be helpful in the identification of other sarcomas.
A scheduling philosophy for multi-processing systems (1967)

One of the essential parts of any computer system is a mechanism for allocating the processors of the system among the various competitors for their services. These allocations must be performed in even the simplest system, for example, by the action of an operator at the console of the machine. In larger systems more automatic techniques are usually adopted; batching of jobs, interrupts and interval timers are the most common ones. As the use of such techniques becomes more frequent, it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain the conventional view of a computer as a system which does only one job at a time; even though it may at any given instant be executing a particular sequence of instructions, its attention is switched from one such sequence to another with such rapidity that it appears desirable to describe the system in a manner which accommodates this multiplexing more naturally. It is worthwhile to observe that these remarks apply to any large modern computer system and not just to one which attempts to service a number of on-line users simultaneously.
UNIX Time-Sharing System: UNIX Implementation (1978)

This paper describes in high-level terms the implementation of the resident uNIX∗ kernel. This discussion is broken into three parts. The first part describes how the UNIX system views processes, users, and programs. The second part describes the I/O system. The last part describes the UNIX file system.
VisualWord2Vec (Vis-W2V): Learning Visually Grounded Word Embeddings Using Abstract Scenes (2016)

We propose a model to learn visually grounded word embeddings (vis-w2v) to capture visual notions of semantic relatedness. While word embeddings trained using text have been extremely successful, they cannot uncover notions of semantic relatedness implicit in our visual world. For instance, although "eats" and "stares at" seem unrelated in text, they share semantics visually. When people are eating something, they also tend to stare at the food. Grounding diverse relations like "eats" and "stares at" into vision remains challenging, despite recent progress in vision. We note that the visual grounding of words depends on semantics, and not the literal pixels. We thus use abstract scenes created from clipart to provide the visual grounding. We find that the embeddings we learn capture fine-grained, visually grounded notions of semantic relatedness. We show improvements over text-only word embeddings (word2vec) on three tasks: common-sense assertion classification, visual paraphrasing and text-based image retrieval. Our code and datasets are available online.
A nomogram-based immunoprofile predicts overall survival for previously untreated patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after esophagectomy (2018)

Our nomogram-based immunoprofile can provide more accurate prognosis prediction and is an important complement to the TNM staging system for operable ESCC patients.
A High-Speed and Memory Efficient Pipeline Architecture for Packet Classification (2010)

Multi-field Packet classification is the main function in high-performance routers. The current router design goal of achieving a throughput higher than 40 Gbps and supporting large rule sets simultaneously is difficult to be fulfilled by software approaches. In this paper, a set pruning trie based pipelined architecture called Set Pruning Multi-Bit Trie (SPMT) is proposed for multi-field packet classification. However, the problem of rule duplications in SPMT that may cause a memory blowup must be solved in order to implement SPMT with large rule sets in FPGA devices consisting of limited on-chip memory. We will propose two rule grouping schemes to reduce rule duplications in SPMT. The first scheme called Partition by Wildcards (PW) divides the rules into subgroups based on the positions of their wildcard fields. The second scheme called Partition by Length (PL) rules partitions the rules into subgroups according to their prefix lengths. Based on our performance experiments on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA device, the proposed pipeline architecture can achieve a throughput of over 100 Gbps with dual port memory. Also, the rule sets of up to 10k rules can be fit into the on-chip memory of Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA device.
Rare actinomycete bacteria from the shallow water sediments of the Trondheim fjord, Norway: isolation, diversity and biological activity (2007)

Actinomycete bacteria produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, some of which have been developed for human medicine. Rare actinomycetes are promising sources in search for new drugs, and their potential for producing biologically active molecules is poorly studied. In this work, we have investigated the diversity of actinomycetes in the shallow water sediments of the Trondheim fjord (Norway). Due to the use of different selective isolation methods, an unexpected variety of actinomycete genera was isolated. Although the predominant genera were clearly Streptomyces and Micromonospora, representatives of Actinocorallia, Actinomadura, Knoellia, Glycomyces, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Nonomuraea, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus and Streptosporangium genera were isolated as well. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing isolation of Knoellia and Glycomyces species from the marine environment. 35 selected actinomycete isolates were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing, and were shown to represent strains from 11 different genera. In addition, these isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity and the presence of polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes. This study confirms the significant biodiversity of actinobacteria in the Norwegian marine habitats, and their potential for producing biologically active compounds.
Prevention of Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy Through Activation of the Central Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor System (2012)

Our findings suggest an innovative therapeutic approach to prevent chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and may permit more aggressive use of active chemotherapeutic regimens with reduced long-term sequelae.
Genome-wide screening identifies new genes required for stress-induced phase 2 detoxification gene expression in animals (2014)

Phase 2 detoxification enzymes provide a vital defence against reactive oxygen species, including xenobiotic metabolites, which cause the oxidative damage involved in drug toxicity and many diseases. Hence, there is great interest in understanding how levels of these enzymes are regulated. CnC transcription factors, such as mammalian Nrf2, drive the expression of phase 2 enzymes and are activated as an important conserved response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics. For instance, the Caenorhabditis elegans Nrf2 orthologue, SKN-1, is activated in response to arsenite by the stress-activated p38-related kinase, PMK-1, leading to increased expression of phase 2 enzymes. Here we have used a genome-wide screening approach to identify other C. elegans genes that are required for stress-induced increases in phase 2 detoxification gene expression. Taking advantage of the elevated phase 2 gene expression in a mutant lacking the peroxidase PRDX-2, we have identified many new genes that are required for stress-induced expression of gcs-1, a phase 2 enzyme critically required for glutathione synthesis. Significantly, these include genes previously implicated in resistance to ionizing radiation, longevity and responses to pathogenic infection. Many of these new candidate activators of gcs-1 are also required for the stress-induced intestinal expression of other phase 2 genes. However, intriguingly, our data suggest other factors may be specifically required for the stress-induced expression of gcs-1. Notably, we demonstrate that the candidate activator TIR-1(SARM1) and the MAPKKK NSY-1(Ask1) are required for the arsenite-induced activation of PMK-1. However, our data suggest that the majority of candidates participate in novel mechanisms to promote gcs-1 expression. For example, the E4 ubiquitin ligase UFD-2(UBE4B) is dispensable for PMK-1 activation but important for maintaining nuclear levels of SKN-1, the stress-induced expression of multiple SKN-1-target genes and oxidative stress resistance. Here we present the first functional, genome-wide analysis identifying genes that are required for activation of phase 2 detoxification genes in an animal. Our study identifies potential new regulators of Nrf2, reveals that additional mechanisms promote the stress-induced expression of specific phase 2 detoxification genes and provides new insight into the relationships between these universally important stress defences, oxidative stress resistance and aging.
Electrical Impedance of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study (1998)

The results suggest that the measurement of electrical impedance might become useful for investigations of BCC.
Noncontacting measurement of power in microstrip circuits (2006)

This paper describes the use of a loop coupler probe for noncontacting measurement of power in microstrip circuits. The additional uncertainties, compared to contacting measurements, are investigated. The sensitivity of the coupling to positioning errors gives an uncertainty contribution in the same order as when using galvanically contacting techniques. The uncertainty due to probe directivity is comparable to the uncertainty when galvanically contacting internal parts of the circuit board. The impact of the probe on the waves on the circuit board is also investigated. In addition to the laboratory investigation of a probe, noncontacting measurements on a series produced microwave system are included. They agree well with contacting measurements.