gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of ε-Caprolactone by Co-oxidation of Acetaldehyde and Cyclohexanone (1970)

シクロヘキサノンの過酢酸酸化によるε-カプロラクトンの合成反応について検討した。この反応はシクロヘキサノンと過酢酸の濃度のおのおの1次 (計2次) 反応として表わされ, 酢酸の存在により反応は促進されることを認めた。反応温度が 50℃ を越すとε-カプロラクトンの収率は低下することから反応温度の上限を 50℃ と定めた。次に過酢酸とアセトアルデヒドの反応を酢酸エチル溶媒, 硝酸コバルト触媒存在下で検討し, この両反応の結果から, 過酢酸に対するシクロヘキサノンとアセトアルデヒドの反応性を比較した。その結果, アセトアルデヒドの方がシクロヘキサノンよりも約 13 倍も速やかに過酢酸と反応することが判った。次にシクロヘキサノンとアルデヒドの共酸化反応を検討し, 硫酸第一鉄の添加がアルデヒド基準のε-カプロラクトン収率 (アルデヒド利用率) を向上させることを見出した。シクロヘキサノンとアセトアルデヒドの共酸化反応はシクロヘキサノンがアセトアルデヒドの酸素酸化反応に関与してアセトアルデヒド単独の酸化の場合よりも酸化速度は低下する。そのために, アセトアルデヒドの酸素酸化と過酢酸とシクロヘキサノンの反応のおのおのの最適反応条件の組合わせが, 共酸化反応の最適条件とはならなかったが, アルデヒド利用率 71% を達成し, 2段法のそれに匹敵する値を得ることができた。
The Migration to Towns and Cities. III (1927)

Migrants from cities to farms come primarily from the artisan class. Their economic ability, as shown by incomes and living expenditures, is about equivalent to that of native farmers. They are better educated than native farmers. Two thirds of them take up farming because they intermarry with farm children. A comparison of the net migration between cities and farms by economic and social groups gives the net law of rural-urban social selection: the cities attract the extremes while farms attract the mean strata in society. This is a mere hypothesis.
Determinants and consequences of atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing open heart surgery (2002)

Atrial fibrosis provides a pathophysiological substrate for post-operative AF. The results support the importance of P-wave duration as a predictor of post-operative AF, and explain the increased prevalence of AF in elderly patients after OHS.
Analysis of Speech in a Helium-Oxygen Mixture under Pressure (1966)

Tape recordings made in the helium-oxygen atmosphere of the U. S. Navy Sealab II have been analyzed by spectrographic techniques. The divers breathing this gas mixture have an unusual voice quality often characterized as “Donald Duck” speech. The Sealab experiment permitted speech analysis of divers living in such an atmosphere for several days. A study of the recorded data has led to the following observations: (1) formant shifts are responsible for the unusual quality of the helium-oxygen speech; (2) the formant shifts are nonlinear—the first-formant shift being greater than the higher ones; (3) energy associated with fricative sounds has also been observed to shift upward; (4) pitch or fundamental frequency changes are usually not significant; (5) after several days in the preponderantly helium atmosphere of Sealab, changes occurred in the speech quality that made it sound more natural.
Destabilizing force of labyrinth seal (1987)

A great deal of research has recently been conducted to solve the subsynchronous rotor vibration problems in high-performance turbomachinery. Particularly, the destabilizing effect of the labyrinth seal on compressors or turbines has been investigated for many years. In spite of many efforts the dynamic effect of the labyrinth seal had not been fully determined from qualitative and quantitative points of view. But from theoretical and experimental work, the dynamic characteristics of the labyrinth seal have been established. The results of recent theoretical and experimental works are presented.
Defect-oriented test quality assessment using fault sampling and simulation (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel methodology for the estimation of VLSI products defect level, or reject rates, in the IC design environment. A new defect-oriented (DO) fault extraction and stratified sampling technique, implemented in an extraction tool, lobs, is used with a novel DO fault simulation tool, veriDOFS, which uses a commercial Verilog simulation tool. The proposed methodology allows the evaluation of DL values with limited confidence intervals, using reduced fault samples. Results, for a s38417 benchmark circuit (almost 100,000 transistors and over 140,000 extracted bridging defects) lead to test quality validation with 2,000 sampled faults.
A practical synthesis of<scp>d</scp>-erythro-sphingosine using a cross-metathesis approach (2004)

Starting from a vinylepoxide, a short and practical synthesis of D-erythro-sphingosine is described. The key transformations are a regioselective opening of the vinylepoxide and an E-selective cross-metathesis, affording the target molecule 5 in steps and 51% overall yield.
Bone Marrow Transplantation Under Regulatory T Cell Cover to Induce Donor-Specific Tolerance (2016)

In Brief A commentary on Duran-Struuck et al who describe the in vitro conditions for expanding Treg, and their ability, with CD40L inhibition and cyclosporin A, to promote multi-lineage chimerism and tolerance to renal allografts in nonhuman primates.
Trajectory Planning for Linear Control Systems with Generalized Splines (1998)

When planning trajectories for linear control systems, a demand that arises naturally in, for instance, air traffic control, noise contaminated data interpolation, and planning for switched control systems, is that the curve interpolate through given points or intervals at given times. In this article, we address this by showing how standard optimal control techniques, together with mathematical programming, solve the problem and provide a theoretical framework for producing a set of curves called generalized smoothing splines. 1 Introduction In this article, we look at the problem of finding the control that drives a given linear control system between predefined states, while interpolating through given points, or intervals. Our resulting curve will minimize a functional, and it turns out that the curve will be so called generalized spline, whose characteristics depend on the dynamics of the control system [5]. So, by establishing a framework for constructing optimal trajectories, b...
ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Biochemical Changes in Skin Due to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2015)

Nonmelanoma skin cancers represent 95% of cutaneous neoplasms. Among them, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the more aggressive form and shows a pattern of possible metastatic profile. In this work, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy to assess the biochemical changes in normal skin caused by squamous cell carcinoma induced by multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mice. Changes in the absorption intensities and shifts were observed in the vibrational modes associated to proteins, indicating changes in secondary conformation in the neoplastic tissue. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the potential of the technique to differentiate the spectra of neoplastic and normal skin tissue, so that the accuracy obtained for this classification was 86.4%. In this sense, attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy provides a useful tool to complement histopathological analysis in the clinical routine for the diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Use of GPC Chromatograms to Characterize Aged Asphalt Cements (1993)

Selected physical properties of asphalt cement are significantly changed by artificial aging under thin film oven test conditions. The changes in physical properties are also reflected in the molecular size distribution as determined by high‐pressure gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Statistical analyses show that absolute and kinematic viscosity are related to large‐sized and some small‐sized molecules, while penetration is related only to medium‐sized molecules. Dividing GPC chromatograms into 10 slices shows better resolution than using three or six slices in regression analysis. The regression analysis shows significant correlations between the three physical properties and GPC chromatograms. These models establish relationships between various physical properties and the molecular size distribution of asphalt cements. Since these models are developed for three different asphalt cement sources, three different grades for each source, and three different aging conditions, they demonstrate the general applicability of using GPC analysis to characterize asphalt cements, predict their physical properties, and identify the aging of asphalt cements.
On the uncertainty and ignorance of statistical decision and evidence combination (2002)

The classical Bayesian decision theory and the hypothesis testing for processing distributed decision fusion problems have an important shortcoming-lack of flexibility. In other words, they can not discriminate uncertainty and ignorance. The Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory overcomes this shortcoming, but its mathematical basis, the axiomatic definition of evidence is not very rigorous. Therefore, a perfect, reliable, and general method of statistical decision and evidence combination is demanded. In this respect, Thomopoulos presented a generalized evidence processing (GEP) method, based on Bayesian theory and DS theory. This paper presents a new strategy for statistical decision and evidence combination-the double bound testing (DBT). Compared with GEP, DBT not only increases the flexibility of decision, but also presents a sound mathematical basis and an explicit concept.
Growth patterns of children in Lagaip, Enga Province. (1981)

A nutrition survey was conducted in 1979 in the Lagaip area of Enga Province. On examining 1,739 children under 5 years., it was found that the pattern of their growth was similar to that reported in other highland populations. The high proportion (37%) of the children classified as malnourished results from stunting, not wasting. Most of the children classified as wasted were less than 2 years old. Significant associations were found between reported morbidity and nutritional status when the latter was assessed by weight related indices.
Interleukin-1β Is Crucial for the Induction of Coronary Artery Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease (2012)

Our results strongly suggest that caspase-1 and IL-1β play critical roles in the development of coronary lesions in this KD mouse model, blocked by IL-1 receptor antagonist. Therefore, anti-IL-1β treatment strategies may constitute an effective, more targeted treatment of KD to prevent coronary lesions.
Sensor-Based Power Management for Mobile Devices (2006)

Handheld devices are becoming an integral part of every day life in the home, office, and on the road. Furthermore, mobile devices are a key ingredient in the pervasive environments. To be effective, those devices need to be thrifty in power consumption, attentive to user intentions and environment changes and should be easily managed. Several sensor based applications such as GPS mapping, finger print based authentication, and accelerometer based hard disk protection are becoming popular in small hand held devices. In this paper, a formalized architecture is proposed to allow systematic access and use of low cost sensors that are being built into small hand held systems for various end user functions. Preliminary results of the impact of using sensors to save power in the mobile architecture based on various policies are shown. The low power platform used for the experiments and measurement of results is a concept platform developed at Intel® Labs. The sensor-board used in this project is made at ARCES Labs (University of Bologna), funded by *Ducati Sistemi S.p.A. and MIUR.
Stroboscopic Vision as a Treatment for Space Motion Sickness (2006)

Results obtained from space flight indicate that most space crews will experience some symptoms of motion sickness causing significant impact on the operational objectives that must be accomplished to assure mission success. Based on the initial work of Melvill Jones we have evaluated stroboscopic vision as a method of preventing motion sickness. Given that the data presented by professor Melvill Jones were primarily post hoc results following a study not designed to investigate motion sickness, it is unclear how motion sickness results were actually determined. Building on these original results, we undertook a three part study that was designed to investigate the effect of stroboscopic vision (either with a strobe light or LCD shutter glasses) on motion sickness using: (1) visual field reversal, (2) Reading while riding in a car (with or without external vision present), and (3) making large pitch head movements during parabolic flight.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MOLYBDENUM (1979)

Abstract In alkoholischer KOH‐Lösung erhält man für das Mo Strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven, wie sie für passivierbare Metalle charakteristisch sind.
Catalogues of mammalian long noncoding RNAs: modest conservation and incompleteness (2009)

Taken together, our results indicate that each of the two ncRNA catalogues unevenly and lightly samples the true, much larger, ncRNA repertoire of the mouse.
Structure and Morphology of Poly(tetramethylene succinate) Crystals (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Morphology of Poly(tetramethylene succinate) CrystalsK. J. Ihn, E. S. Yoo, and S. S. ImCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 7, 2460–2464Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00111a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00111a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1270Altmetric-Citations243LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for analysis of lard adulteration in some vegetable oils Espectroscopia FTIR combinada con quimiometría para el análisis de adulteración con grasa de cerdo de aceites vegetales (2011)

This study was aimed to develop a fast technique of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for detection and quantification of lard adulteration in some vegetable oils, namely canola oil (Ca‒O), corn oil (CO), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), soybean oil (SO), and sunflower oil (SFO). The FTIR spectra associated with Ca‒O, CO, EVOO, SO, and SFO as well as their blends with lard were scanned, interpreted, and identified. The chemometrics of partial least square (PLS) and discriminant analysis (DA) at fingerprint regions of 1500–1000 cm−1 was used for quantifying and classifying of lard in the mixture with vegetable oils, respectively. PLS calibration can be successfully used for quantification of lard in the mixture with vegetable oils, either using normal spectra or its first derivatives. Furthermore, DA based on Mahalanobis distance can classify lard in vegetable oils. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una técnica rápida de espectroscopia de infrarrojos por transformada Fourier (FTIR) para la detección y cuantificación de adulteración con grasa de cerdo de algunos aceites vegetales, principalmente aceite de colza (Ca‒o), aceite de maíz (CO), aceite de oliva virgen extra (EVOO), aceite de soja (SO) y aceite de girasol (SFO). El espectrograma FTIR asociado con Ca‒O, CO, EVOO, SO y SFO, así como sus mezclas con grasa de cerdo, fueron escaneadas, interpretadas e identificadas. El análisis quimiométrico de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) y análisis discriminantes (DA) en la región de 1500–1000 cm−1 se usaron para cuantificar y clasificar la grasa de cerdo en la mezcla con aceites vegetales, respectivamente. La calibración PLS puede ser usada satisfactoriamente para la cuantificación de grasa de cerdo en la mezcla con aceites vegetales, bien usando un espectro normal o sus primeras derivadas. Además, DA basados en la distancia Mahalanobis pueden clasificar la grasa de cerdo en aceites vegetales.
Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake Through Innovative Marketing (2003)

Innovative produce marketing and retailer promotion efforts can influence consumer decisions and purchasing practices for fruits and vegetables. Promotions aimed at increasing fruit and vegetable purchases, including roadside billboards, in-store sales, and direct coupon mailings based on purchase practices positively affect fruit and vegetable purchases among consumers.
Apoptosis Generates Stable Fragments of Human Type I Keratins (1997)

Type I and II keratins help maintain the structural integrity of epithelial cells. Since apoptosis involves progressive cell breakdown, we examined its effect on human keratin polypeptides 8, 18, and 19 (K8, K18, K19) that are expressed in simple-type epithelia as noncovalent type I (K18, K19) and type II (K8) heteropolymers. Apoptosis induces rapid hyperphosphorylation of most known K8/18 phosphorylation sites and delayed formation of K18 and K19 stable fragments. In contrast, K8 is resistant to proteolysis and remains associated with the K18 fragments. Transfection of phosphorylation/glycosylation-mutant K8 and K18 does not alter fragment formation. The protein domains of the keratin fragments were determined using epitope-defined antibodies, and microsequencing indicated that K18 cleavage occurs at a conserved caspase-specific aspartic acid. The fragments are found preferentially within the detergent-insoluble pool and can be generated, in a phosphorylation-independent manner, by incubating keratins with caspase-3 or with detergent lysates of apoptotic cells but not with lysates of nonapoptotic cells. Our results indicate that type I keratins are targets of apoptosis-activated caspases, which is likely a general feature of keratins in most if not all epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis. Keratin hyperphosphorylation occurs early but does not render the keratins better substrates of the downstream caspases.
Bone marrow engraftment efficiency is enhanced by competitive inhibition of the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. (1985)

The efficiency of pluripotent stem cell engraftment following bone marrow transplantation is predicated upon many poorly understood factors. These include the processes by which intravenously injected stem cells circulate and localize in microenvironments that contain the stromal elements necessary to facilitate their continued proliferation. We have recently established that lymphoid cells that bind the lectin peanut agglutinin are subject to prolonged sequestration following their interaction with the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. Since bone marrow stem cells are also known to bind peanut agglutinin, we hypothesized that the physiologic function of the asialoglycoprotein receptor might significantly impair their ability to localize in anatomic sites where they are able to proliferate. Competitive inhibition with asialoglycoproteins was employed to establish a temporary receptor blockade during the initial 3-4 hr after transplantation. This procedure resulted in a 5- to 10-fold increase in splenic hematopoietic colony formation. Our findings suggest that inhibition of the liver asialoglycoprotein receptor during murine bone marrow transplantation results in more efficient stem cell localization to hematopoietic-inducing microenvironments. This enhancement in engraftment efficiency was paralleled by a more rapid recovery of peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts, an increase in megakaryocytic colony formation, as well as increased recipient survival. Techniques designed to inhibit the liver sequestration of bone marrow stem cells may have direct applicability to human bone marrow transplantation procedures.
Determination of Shelf Heat Transfer Coefficients Along the Shelf Flow Path of a Freeze Dryer Using the Shelf Fluid Temperature Perturbation Approach (2007)

The spatial distribution of local shelf heat transfer coefficients, Ks, was determined by mapping the transient temperature response of the shelf surface along the serpentine internal channels of the shelf while the temperature of the heat transfer fluid was ramped from -40 degrees to 40 degrees C. The solution of a first-order non-steady-state differential equation resulted in a predicted shelf surface temperature as a function of the shelf fluid temperature at any point along the flow path. During the study, the shelf surfaces were maintained under a thermally insulated condition so that the heat transfers by gas conduction and radiation were negligible. To minimize heat conduction by gas, the chamber was evacuated to a low pressure, such as 100 mTorr. To minimize heat transfers between shelves, shelves were moved close together, with a gap of approximately 3 mm between any two shelves, because the shelf surface temperatures at corresponding vertical locations of two shelves are virtually equal. In addition, this also provides a shielding from radiation heat transfer from shelf to walls. Local heat transfer coefficients at the probed locations h(x) ( approximately Ks) were calculated by fitting the experimental shelf temperature response to the theoretical value. While the resulting values of K(s) are in general agreement with previously reported values, the values of Ks close to the inlet are significantly higher than those of other locations of the shelf channel. This observation is most likely attributed to the variation of the flow pattern of heat transfer fluid within the channels.
Growth and Properties of β-SiC Single Crystals (1966)

Chemical, electrical, and optical measurements were performed on n- and p-type β-silicon carbide crystals grown from pure or doped carbon-saturated silicon melts. Pure, transparent yellow crystals showed no detectable impurities and had carrier concentrations in the range of 1016 cm−3. Extensive twinning was observed. Uncorrected electron mobilities of 700–1000 cm2/V·sec were measured at room temperature. Intense injection electroluminescence, peaking at 2.28 eV and 2.0 eV, was observed in many diodes. Strong photoluminescence was observed in aluminum-doped crystals at 77°K and at room temperature when irradiated with uv light.
The Aspergillus nidulans abaA gene encodes a transcriptional activator that acts as a genetic switch to control development. (1994)

The Aspergillus nidulans abaA gene encodes a protein containing an ATTS DNA-binding motif and is required for the terminal stages of conidiophore development. Results from gel mobility shift and protection, missing-contact, and interference footprint assays showed that AbaA binds to the sequence 5'-CATTCY-3', where Y is a pyrimidine, making both major- and minor-groove contacts. Multiple AbaA binding sites are present in the cis-acting regulatory regions of several developmentally controlled structural genes as well as those of the upstream regulatory gene brlA, the downstream regulatory gene wetA, and abaA itself. These cis-acting regulatory regions confer AbaA-dependent transcriptional activation in a heterologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression system. From these observations, we propose that the AbaA transcription factor establishes a novel set of feedback regulatory loops responsible for determination of conidiophore development.