gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Births: final data for 2005. (2007)

In 2005, 4,138,349 births were registered in the United States, 1 percent more than in 2004. The 2005 crude birth rate was 14.0, unchanged from the previous year; the general fertility rate increased slightly to 66.7. Teenage childbearing continued to decline, dropping to the lowest levels recorded. Rates for women aged 20-29 were fairly stable, whereas childbearing among women 30 years of age and older increased. All measures of unmarried childbearing rose substantially in 2005. Smoking during pregnancy continued to decline. No improvement was seen in the timely initiation of prenatal care. The cesarean delivery rate climbed to more than 30 percent of all births, another all-time high. Preterm and low birthweight rates also continued to rise; the twin birth rate was unchanged and the rate of triplet and higher order multiple births declined for the 7th consecutive year.
Identification of normal B‐cell counterparts of neoplastic cells which secrete cold agglutinins of anti‐I and anti‐i specificity (1989)

A monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a cross-reacting idiotypic determinant present on human cold-reactive autoantibodies with anti-I or anti-i binding activity, has been found to specifically inhibit the cold agglutination of red cells. This suggests that an epitope close to the binding site of such autoantibodies is being recognized. The antibody has been used to identify tumour cells in the blood of three patients with cold haemagglutinin disease, and to analyse the heterogeneous nature of the neoplastic B-cell clone present in the bone marrow of one of the patients. Using S-phase analysis, it was found that cell proliferation was occurring in the bone marrow but not in the blood, and that the major proliferating population was that of lymphoplasmacytoid cells containing large vesicular inclusions of idiotypic IgM. It has also been possible to locate normal B-cells which are recognized by the anti-idiotypic antibody. Such cells have been found throughout the normal adult lymphoid tissue where they account for 2.9-10.8% of the B lymphocyte population. They are also present in fetal spleen at 15 weeks gestation, indicating that immunoglobulins bearing this sequence form part of the immature B-cell repertoire.
Zone drawing and zone annealing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfiber prepared by CO<sub>2</sub> laser thinning (2004)

Abstract A zone‐drawing and zone‐annealing method was applied to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfiber, obtained by using CO 2 laser thinning, to develop its mechanical properties. The microfiber used for the zone drawing and zone annealing was prepared by winding at 1386 m/min the microfiber obtained by irradiating the laser at 18.1 W/cm 2 and had a diameter of 2.8 μm and a birefringence of 0.097. Zone drawing was carried out at a drawing temperature of 105°C under an applied tension of 53 MPa, and zone annealing at an annealing temperature of 155°C under 195 MPa applied tension. Zone drawing and zone annealing were carried out at a treatment speed of 0.21 m/min. The diameter of the microfiber decreased, and its birefringence increased, with zone drawing and zone annealing. The zone‐annealed microfiber finally obtained had a diameter of 2 μm, a birefringence of 0.234, a tensile modulus of 17.9 GPa, and a tensile strength of 1.1 GPa. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction photograph of the zone‐annealed microfiber showed the existence of highly oriented crystallites. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2989–2994, 2004
Low Cost Photonic Sensor for in-Line Oil Quality Monitoring: Methodological Development Process towards Uncertainty Mitigation (2018)

Lubricant and hydraulic fluid ageing impacts the performance of the machines, gears, transmissions or automatisms where they are being used. This manuscript describes the work accomplished for bringing an innovative measurement concept for analysing the physical- chemical properties of these fluids, to a real industrial product ready to be integrated into different industrial equipment. The steps taken to deal with uncertainties and evolving requirements while progressing in the sensor development are described, covering the stages of theoretical formulation of the problem, optical and fluidic simulations, sensor prototype development and tests. The sensor working principle is based on a combination of transmittance and diffuse reflectance photonic inspection of the fluid sample that is collected in a microcavity through a standard hydraulic fitting. Photonics, electronics, micro-mechanics, fluidics, data processing and analysis has been merged with a deep knowledge in the lubricant degradation process to develop a sensor solution that is able to measure the Oil Degradation Index, Oil Oxidation, Acid Number, Ruler and Membrane Patch Colorimetry data from an inservice lubricating oil sample. The photonic micro sensor presented here offers a powerful tool that operates directly immersed in the fluid, at an economic cost and compacted size for inline oil degradation monitoring.
Microbiological assay on large plates. Part II. Precise assay (1955)

K. A. Lees and J. P. R. Tootill, Analyst, 1955, 80, 110 DOI: 10.1039/AN9558000110
Evidence and role for bacterial mucin degradation in cystic fibrosis airway disease (2016)

Chronic respiratory infections are composed of complex microbial communities that incite persistent inflammation and airway damage. Despite the high density of bacteria that colonize the airways, nutrient sources that sustain bacterial growth in vivo are unknown. Here we examine the role of respiratory mucins in the ecological dynamics of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiota. While P. aeruginosa was unable to efficiently utilize mucins, saliva-derived anaerobes stimulated the growth of opportunistic pathogens when provided mucins as the sole carbon source. The fermentative metabolisms of these oral anaerobes generated amino acids and short chain fatty acids (propionate and acetate) during mucin enrichment in vitro, which were also found within expectorated sputum from CF patients. The significance of these findings was supported by in vivo P. aeruginosa gene expression, which revealed a heightened response to propionate. Given that propionate is exclusively derived from bacterial fermentation, these data support a central role for mucin fermentation in the carbon flux of the lower airways. More specifically, commensal oral bacteria may contribute to airway disease by degrading mucins, in turn providing nutrients for pathogens otherwise unable to obtain carbon in the lung.
Methyl bromide eradication of the oak wilt fungus from red and white oak logs. (1985)

Essais d'utilisation de fumigations au bromure de methyle pour eradiquer le champignon Ceratocystis fagacearum du bois de Quercus rubra et Q. alba. Les resultats sont encourageants
Prostate cancer update. (2003)

Prostate cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men of the western world. Its diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment therapies are constantly evolving. This paper summarizes and clarifies the most up-to-date information on prostate cancer prevention and treatment.
Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometry in Industry (1949)

Problems encountered in the application of radiation pyrometry in industry are discussed with particular emphasis being placed on the measurement of low surface temperatures (100–400°F). A low range radiation pyrometer for use on such applications is described.
Ring Oscillator Based Injection Locked Frequency Divider Using Dual Injection Paths (2015)

Ring oscillator based injection locked frequency dividers (ILFD) generally feature higher power efficiency compared to conventional static frequency dividers. However it is difficult for ring oscillator based ILFDs to achieve large division ratio and wide input locking range at the same time. To increase the input locking range, a ring oscillator based ILFD utilizing dual injection technique is proposed in this letter. For this, both tail injection and direct injection are applied in phase such that the output currents of the two mixing processes corresponding to the two injection paths are added constructively at the output frequency ωo and the overall injection efficiency is therefore increased. A differential buffer circuit with dual injection is proposed. Equivalent circuit modeling of the dual injection buffer and mathematical analysis of locking range enhancement are presented. The core ring oscillator consists of 4 stages of the dual injection buffers. It is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology and consumes less than 2 mW with supply voltage of 1.2 V. Its locking range is from 1.2 to 20.7 GHz without any tuning at 0 dBm injection power level. The proposed ILFD is compact with the core only occupying 15 μm × 30 μm and does not need any extra controls, making it suitable for integrated wideband phase locked loop.
Advances in process for the selective reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding aromatic amines (2011)

The advances in the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding aromatic amines are reviewed,especially the green,environmentally benign reductions of nitroarenes to the corresponding aromatic amines in the CO2-H2O system are concluded.Meanwhile,the possibilities of commercial applications of each system are discussed.
Beam-based back-propagation and MUSIC imaging (2010)

We present beam-based imaging algorithms using back-propagation and MUSIC, utilizing data measured by arrays of point sources and receivers (transducers). In this approach, the measured point-source/receiver data is first converted into a beam-domain data, where the source and the receiver arrays are described by phase-space sets of beam waves. The beam-domain data describes the scattering amplitudes “measured” by each receiver beam due to each source beam. The images are then formed via two techniques, the first is based on a back propagation of the scattered beam fields and correlation with the incident beam fields. The second is based on a MUSIC analysis in the beam domain. Both schemes take advantage of the spatial localization of the beam fields and the resulting sparsity of the beam-domain data, which is localized around the source-receiver beam pairs that intersect near the targets.
Measurement of progesterone receptor in human breast cancer biopsies. (1979)

An improved sucrose gradient procedure for measuring progesterone receptor (PR) status was compared with other methods in an attempt to improve the assay of PR, a possibly important determinant in predicting endocrine therapy responses. Tritiated 3H-labeled R 5020 PR assay was modified to determine the actual nature of the competitive binding detected using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. An underestimation of 8S receptor was the result when using the swinging bucket technique, perhaps due to the prolonged run time (16 hours) involved. Hence, a vertical tube rotor was used which eliminated the problem. The 4S component was shown not to be PR, but probably an aberration due to failure to adsorb to hydroxylapatite. Dextran-coated charcoal and hydroxylapatite Scatchard plots confirmed this aberrant finding in that values derived from these methods correlated well with the 8S component of the gradient profile and not with the sum (8S + 4S) in a series of 27 human breast cancer specimens. In the same series the use of dextran-coated charcoal or hydroxylapatite single-saturating-dose assays correlated well with the 8S component of sucrose gradients. However, it is cautioned that until more experiments with these types of correlations are compiled, the 8S component of sucrose density gradient profiles as obtained from vertical tube rotor centrifugation yields the most reliable data on PR concentrations in human breast tumors.
NEW FAST FIXED-DELAY SIZING ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE CMOS COMBINATIONAL LOGIC-CIRCUITS AND ITS APPLICATIONS (1992)

A sizing methodology called the near-characteristic waveform-synthesising method (NCWSM) is proposed to determine the device sizes of CMOS combinational logic circuits under a fixed delay specification. By using accurate physical timing models and the NCWSM, a fixed-delay sizing algorithm is developed and implemented, which sizes circuits quickly and globally. It can handle CMOS inverters, multi-input NAND/NOR gates, and AOI/OAI gates, all with device channel lengths down to 1.5 μm. It is shown through experimental verifications that the proposed algorithm can size a circuit with much smaller CPU time than that for the heuristic approach, and the resultant circuit power dissipations are nearly the same. As the circuit complexity increases, the above advantageous feature becomes more significant and the minimum realisable delay is even smaller than that of the heuristic approach. With high efficiency and delay accuracy, the proposed sizing algorithm and methodology can handle large-scale circuits with less design time. It can also serve to provide a good initial guess for more advanced sizing operations.
Cytotoxic isoquinoline alkaloids from Xanthorhiza simplicissima. (1989)

Two cytotoxic isoquinoline alkaloids, liriodenine and palmatine, were isolated from the Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. Liriodenine, isolated for the second time from the family of Ranunculaceae, demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against KB, A-549, HCT-8, P-388, and L-1210 tumor cells, while palmatine showed marginal cytotoxicity against KB cells.
A Wide Bandwidth Fractional-N Synthesizer for LTE with Phase Noise Cancellation Using a Hybrid- -DAC and Charge Re-timing (2013)

This paper presents a 1MHz bandwidth, ΔƩ fractional-N PLL as the frequency synthesizer for LTE. A noise cancellation path composed of a novel hybrid ΔƩ DAC with 9 output bits is incorporated into the PLL in order to cancel the out-of-band phase noise caused by the quantization error. Further, a re-timing circuit is proposed to reduce the nonlinearity in the Charge Pump and provide pulse shaping signals to decrease the charge mismatch. Therefore, a wide loop bandwidth can be obtained while keeping reasonable performance of out-of-band phase noise. The proposed synthesizer is simulated in 90nm CMOS process, consuming 20.96mA from a 1 V supply.
Super-low friction and super-elastic hydrogenated carbon films originated from a unique fullerene-like nanostructure (2008)

Hydrogenated carbon films were grown by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique using CH4 and H2 as feedstock at ambient temperature. The microstructure of the films was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The images showed the presence of curved basal planes in fullerene-like arrangements. An apparent amorphous graphene structure with nm-sized packages of basal planes in a turbostratic feature was observed. The fabricated fullerene-like hydrogenated carbon films (FL–C:H) possess superior mechanical properties, i.e. high hardness (19 GPa) and high elasticity (elastic recovery of 85%). More importantly, the films exhibit ultra-low friction (μ = 0.009) under ambient conditions with 20% relative humidity.
Kinetic Mechanism of Elongation Factor Ts-Catalyzed Nucleotide Exchange in Elongation Factor Tu (2001)

The interaction of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) with elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) and guanine nucleotides was studied by the stopped-flow technique, monitoring the fluorescence of tryptophan 184 in EF-Tu or of the mant group attached to the guanine nucleotide. Rate constants of all association and dissociation reactions among EF-Tu, EF-Ts, GDP, and GTP were determined. EF-Ts enhances the dissociation of GDP and GTP from EF-Tu by factors of 6 x 10(4) and 3 x 10(3), respectively. The loss of Mg(2+) alone, without EF-Ts, accounts for a 150-300-fold acceleration of GDP dissociation from EF-Tu.GDP, suggesting that the disruption of the Mg(2+) binding site alone does not explain the EF-Ts effect. Dissociation of EF-Ts from the ternary complexes with EF-Tu and GDP/GTP is 10(3)-10(4) times faster than from the binary complex EF-Tu.EF-Ts, indicating different structures and/or interactions of the factors in the binary and ternary complexes. Rate constants of EF-Ts binding to EF-Tu in the free or nucleotide-bound form or of GDP/GTP binding to the EF-Tu.EF-Ts complex range from 0.6 x 10(7) to 6 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1). At in vivo concentrations of nucleotides and factors, the overall exchange rate, as calculated from the elemental rate constants, is 30 s(-1), which is compatible with the rate of protein synthesis in the cell.
Efficient Video Transcoding from H.263 to H.264/AVC Standard with Enhanced Rate Control (2006)

A new video coding standard H.264/AVC has been recently developed and standardized. The standard represents a number of advances in video coding technology in terms of both coding efficiency and flexibility and is expected to replace the existing standards such as H.263 and MPEG-1/2/4 in many possible applications. In this paper we investigate and present efficient syntax transcoding and downsizing transcoding methods from H.263 to H.264/AVC standard. Specifically, we propose an efficient motion vector reestimation scheme using vector median filtering and a fast intraprediction mode selection scheme based on coarse edge information obtained from integer-transform coefficients. Furthermore, an enhanced rate control method based on a quadratic model is proposed for selecting quantization parameters at the sequence and frame levels together with a new frame-layer bit allocation scheme based on the side information in the precoded video. Extensive experiments have been conducted and the results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Two-color quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays (2006)

QmagiQ LLC, has recently completed building and testing high operability two-color Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) focal plane arrays (FPAs). The 320 x 256 format dual-band FPAs feature 40-micron pixels of spatially registered QWIP detectors based on III-V materials. The vertically stacked detectors in this specific midwave/longwave (MW/LW) design are tuned to absorb in the respective 4-5 and 8-9 micron spectral ranges. The ISC0006 Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) developed by FLIR Systems Inc. and used in these FPAs features direct injection (DI) input circuitry for high charge storage with each unit cell containing dual integration capacitors, allowing simultaneous scene sampling and readout for the two distinct wavelength bands. Initial FPAs feature pixel operabilities better than 99%. Focal plane array test results and sample images will be presented.
Design Of A Dynamic Focusing Microscope Objective For Oct Imaging (2005)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a novel optical imaging technique that has assumed significant importance in bio-medical imaging in the last two decades because it is non-invasive and provides accurate, high resolution images of three dimensional cross-sections of body tissue, exceeding the capabilities of the current predominant imaging technique ultrasound. In this thesis, high resolution OCT is investigated for in vivo detection of abnormal skin pathology for the early diagnosis of cancer. The technology presented is based on a dynamic focusing microscopic imaging probe conceived for skin imaging and the detection of abnormalities in the epithelium. A novel method for dynamic focusing in the biological sample using liquid crystal (LC) lens technology to obtain three dimensional images with invariant resolution throughout the cross-section and depth of the sample is presented and discussed. Two different skin probe configurations that incorporate dynamic focusing with LC lenses, one involving a reflective microscope objective sub-system, and the other involving an all-refractive immersion microscope objective sub-system are investigated. In order to ensure high resolution imaging, a low coherence broadband source, namely a femtosecond mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser centered at a wavelength of approximately 800nm is used to illuminate the sample. An in-depth description and analysis of the optical design and predicted performance of the two microscope objectives designed for dynamic three dimensional imaging at 5ìm resolution for the chosen broadband spectrum is presented.
TICKETLESS LINE WILL SHUN ARC BUT PAY AGENTS. (1993)

AVALUJET, NEW ATLANTA-BASED COMPANY OFFERING TICKETLESS SERVICE TO THREE FLORIDA DESTINATIONS.
Built-In Self-Test Trends in Motorola Microprocessors (1985)

The first built-in self-test feature in a Motorola sidered a "wart" until a RAM test application recast it as a "feature." Though the BIST approach-an idea conceived as a way to reduce production costs for the MC6805 family-did not meet its major design objective, the experience provided impetus for the development of BIST techniques for the MC6804P2, which met most of the objectives intended for the MC6805P2. The Motorola microprocessor family has come to incorporate a growing number of testability features; current devices typically employ a combination of BIST and other techniques. If present trends continue, transistor counts for microprocessor-related parts should approach 10 million within 10 years. The authors argue that structured design techniques offer the most promising prospects for solving the design and test problems resulting from this increase in complexity.
Performance analysis of MD5 (1995)

MD5 is an authentication algorithm proposed as the required implementation of the authentication option in IPv6. This paper presents an analysis of the speed at which MD5 can be implemented in software and hardware, and discusses whether its use interferes with high bandwidth networking. The analysis indicates that MD5 software currently runs at 85 Mbps on a 190 Mhz RISC architecture, a rate that cannot be improved more than 20-40%. Because MD5 processes the entire body of a packet, this data rate is insufficient for current high bandwidth networks, including HiPPI and FiberChannel. Further analysis indicates that a 300 Mhz custom VLSI CMOS hardware implementation of MD5 may run as fast as 256 Mbps. The hardware rate cannot support existing IPv4 data rates on high bandwidth links (800 Mbps HiPPI). The use of MD5 as the default required authentication algorithm in IPv6 should therefore be reconsidered, and an alternative should be proposed. This paper includes a brief description of the properties of such an alternative, including a sample alternate hash algorithm.
Introduction (2007)

Abstract A commonly held misconception is that the law of torts is concerned with defining those cases where one party may be held liable to compensate another for the loss he has caused through his fault. In fact the infringement of rights, not the infliction of loss, is the gist of the law of torts. In judicial decisions and academic writing, injuria and damnum, the wrong and its consequences, the right and the loss, are frequently conflated together. We have a law of torts, not a law of tort, just as we have a law of wrongs, not a law of wrong. This work seeks to demonstrate the importance and truth of conceiving of torts in this two-tiered way.