gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uptake, distribution, and oxidation of fatty acids by Leishmania mexicana amastigotes. (1987)

Fatty acid uptake, distribution, and beta-oxidation were investigated in Leishmania mexicana amastigotes. The uptake of radiolabeled palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids was similar, reaching 3-6 nmol/10(8) cells in 2 min and 8-12 nmol/10(8) cells in 60 min. The percent of radiolabeled fatty acid that was esterified in the form of triglycerides or phospholipids increased from less than 25% at 2 min to 65-86% at 60 min. The dehydrogenase(s) in an amastigote granule fraction were unusual in that the Vmax for long-chain substrates (0.95-1.6 delta Abs units/min-mg protein) approximated the Vmax for short-chain substrates (0.82-2.0 delta Abs units/min-mg protein), and the Km for long-chain substrates was high (approximately 250 microM), in contrast to data for a mammalian liver mitochondrial fraction. The high Vmax and Km for long-chain substrates suggest a biochemical mechanism for the postulated high utilization of fatty acids as an energy source for amastigotes. Although the primary anti-leishmanial agent, Sb in the form of Pentostam, inhibited oxidation of palmitic acid to CO2 by intact organisms, Sb did not significantly inhibit fatty acid uptake or esterification by organisms, or beta-oxidation by the granule fraction, and the mechanism of action of Sb remains unclear.
A Carrot Somatic Embryo Mutant Is Rescued by Chitinase (1992)

Anke J. De Jong, Jan Cordewener, Florella Lo Schiavo, Mario Terzi, , Ab Van Kammen, Sacco C. De Vries, A Carrot Somatic Embryo Mutant Is Rescued by Chitinase, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Apr., 1992), pp. 425-433
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Two-Dimensional Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance (2017)

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) have aroused considerable attention as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to their superior electrochemical performance. In this study, we have synthesized a novel nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 (N-Ti3C2) nanosheets by a facile one-step hydrothermal reaction using low-cost industrial material urea as nitrogen source. The as-received N-Ti3C2 exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 156 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 with high cycle stability in 6 M KOH electrolyte. It indicates that the new kind of N-Ti3C2 can be deemed as an excellent electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
A disease severity scale for systemic sclerosis: development and testing. (1999)

This preliminary severity scale will be useful for assessing disease severity status in individual patients both at one point in time and longitudinally. The severity scale will assist in the design and conduct of clinical trials and the comparison of study populations with one another. The scale will serve as a framework for developing a scleroderma disease activity index.
π‐Excess Aromatic σ<sup>2</sup>P Ligands: Formation of a Heterocyclic 1,2‐Diphosphine by the Addition of <i>t</i>BuLi and Subsequent Inverse Addition of the Product at the P=C Bonds of Two Molecules of 1‐Neopentyl‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole (2015)

ABSTRACT The reactivity of t BuLi (pentane) toward the N‐neopentyl‐substituted π‐excess P=CH–N heterocycle 1 depends on the solvent (tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, hexane, and toluene) and reaction conditions. Trapping of the resulting organolithium compounds with CO 2 /ClSiMe 3 , ClSiMe 3 , or EtI led to various products indicating CH lithiation ( 1a , b ), normal addition of t BuLi at the P=C bond ( E/Z ‐2a , b ), inverse addition of the primary addition product 2 Li at the P=C bond of a second molecule 1 , affording 3‐ tert ‐butyl‐2,2’‐bis(1,3‐benzazaphospholines) 3 , or inverse addition of t BuLi ( 4b,c ). The formation of 3 demonstrates a novel route to asymmetric heterocyclic 1,2‐diphosphine ligands. The structure elucidation of the new compounds is based on their 31 P and 13 C NMR data with conclusive chemical shifts and P–C coupling constants, that of the isolated PH‐functionalized diphosphine 3 on crystal structure analysis.
A survey of void handling techniques for geographic routing in wireless networks (2007)

Communications voids, where geographic greedy forwarding fails to move a packet further towards its destination, are an important issue for geographic routing in wireless networks. This article presents an overview of the void problem and surveys the currently available void-handling techniques (as of July 2006) for geographic routing. In the survey, we classify these void-handling techniques into six categories, each designed with a different approach, that is, planar-graph-based, geometric, flooding-based, costbased, heuristic, and hybrid. For each category, we present its basic principle and illustrate some classic techniques as well as the latest advances. We also provide a qualitative comparison of these techniques and discuss some possible directions of future research.
<i>In Vitro</i> Reconstitution of the Tracheal Epithelium (1999)

We have developed a unique in vitro reconstitution system for tracheal epithelia of guinea pigs. In the system, a human amnion membrane was used as a basement membrane and the tracheal epithelial cells were cultured on the epithelial side of the membrane. Three weeks later, the tracheal fibroblasts were co-cultured on the serosal side of the amnion membrane and the culturing was continued for an additional 10 d. The morphology of the cultured epithelial cells consisted of a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium from cuboidal ciliated epithelium during the last 10 d of the culture period. Epithelial cells included both goblet-like and basal cells. In addition, the frequency of each type of differentiated cells was almost identical to that of in vivo tracheas. Interestingly, the same results were obtained when the conditioned medium of the tracheal fibroblasts was used instead of the fibroblasts themselves. These results suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal interaction is likely involved in growth and differentiation of epithelial cells in vivo in a soluble factor(s)-mediated manner. As well as the epithelial cells, the fibroblasts also formed a multilayer during the last 10 d of co-culturing. This indicates that in vitro reconstitution of tracheal epithelia is achieved without addition of any exogenous growth or differentiation factors. The reconstitution system is shown to be useful for investigating the cellular and molecular interaction of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Possible applications of the culture system and possible factors involved in growth and differentiation of epithelial cells are discussed.
Isomeric Squaraine‐Based [2]Pseudorotaxanes and [2]Rotaxanes: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Their Tubular Structures in the Solid State (2010)

On the basis of formation of [2]pseudorotaxane complexes between triptycene-derived tetralactam macrocycles 1a and 1b and squaraine dyes, construction of squaraine-based [2]rotaxanes through clipping reactions were studied in detail. As a result, when two symmetrical squaraines 2d and 2e were utilized as templates, two pairs of isomeric [2]rotaxanes 3a-b and 4a-b as diastereomers were obtained, owing to the two possible linking modes of triptycene derivatives. It was also found, interestingly, that when a nonsymmetrical dye 2g was involved, there existed simultaneously three isomers of [2]rotaxanes in one reaction due to the different directions of the guest threading. The (1)H NMR and 2D NOESY NMR spectra were used to distinguish the isomers, and the yield of [2]rotaxane 5a with the benzyl group in the wider rim of the host 1a was found to be higher than that of another isomer 5b with an opposite direction of the guest, which indicated the partial selection of the threading direction. The X-ray structures of 3b and 4a showed that, except for the standard hydrogen bonds between the amide protons of the hosts and the carbonyl oxygen atoms of the guests, multiple pi...pi stacking and C-H...pi interactions between triptycene subunits and aromatic rings of the guests also participated in the complexation. Crystallographic studies also revealed that the [2]rotaxane molecules 3b and 4a further self-assembled into tubular structures in the solid state with the squaraine dyes inside the channels. In the case of 4a, all the nonsymmetrical macrocyclic molecules pointed in one direction, which suggests the formation of oriented tubular structures. Moreover, it was also found that the squaraines encapsulated in the triptycene-derived macrocycles were protected from chemical attack, and subsequently have potential applications in imaging probes and other biomedical areas.
The Coral Sea (1996)

A tribute to photographer Robert Mapplethorpe by his friend Patti Smith, these poems tell the story of the passenger M, on a journey to see the Southern Cross, who is reflecting on his life and fighting the illness that is consuming him. The narrative is accompanied by 13 of Mapplethorpe's photographs. Metaphorical and dreamy, this tale of transformation arises from the author's knowledge of Mapplethorpe as a young man and as a mature artist, his close friendship with his patron, Sam Wagstaff, his years surviving AIDS, and his death. Patti Smith shared a friendship with him for over two decades. She was Mapplethorpe's first model, they collaborated on a film, Still Moving, and had a joint exhibition of their work at the Robert Miller Gallery in 1978. In this tribute, she recasts her grief to recapture Mapplethorpe's life in the past and his future in his art.
Modeling of low-frequency pulmonary impedance in dogs (1990)

The mechanical impedance of the lungs (ZL) was measured in open-chest dogs with small-amplitude pseudorandom volume oscillations between 0.125 and 5 Hz, at mean transpulmonary pressures (Ptp) of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 kPa. At the lowest frequencies, the pulmonary resistance showed a marked negative frequency dependence and mirrored the changes in the reactance with altered Ptp. The ZL data were evaluated on the basis of two models, each containing the same airway compartment with a resistance and an inertance. The tissue impedance (Zti) in model 1 was represented with two compliances and a resistance (L. E. Mount. J. Physiol. Lond. 127: 157-167, 1955), whereas in model 2 a two-parameter formulation implying rate-independent dissipated work and frequency-dependent elastance (J. Hildebrandt. J. Appl. Physiol. 28: 365-372, 1970) was employed. The estimation of model parameters showed that model 2 was superior to model 1 in both fitting performance and parameter insensitivity to weighting in the fitting criterion. The model 2 coefficients of damping and elastance, characterizing the real and imaginary parts of Zti, respectively, depended on the lung distension and were closely correlated. Although ZL exhibited a slight dependence on the peak-to-peak volume excursion, at a given oscillatory volume no inconsistency with linear tissue viscoelasticity was detected.
Sources of Umami Taste in Cheddar and Swiss Cheeses (2007)

Umami plays an important role in the flavor of many cheese varieties. The purpose of this study was to identify the compound(s) responsible for umami taste in Cheddar and Swiss cheeses. Four Cheddar and 4 Swiss cheeses (two with low umami intensity and two with high umami intensity from each type) were selected using a trained sensory panel. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), disodium 5'-inosine monophosphate (IMP), disodium 5'-guanosine monophosphate (GMP), sodium chloride, lactic acid, propionic acid, and succinic acid were quantified in the cheeses instrumentally. Taste thresholds (best estimate thresholds, BETs) were determined for each compound in water. Subsequently, a trained descriptive sensory analysis panel evaluated each compound in odor-free water across threshold concentrations to confirm that the thresholds were based on umami and not some other stimuli. Model system studies with trained panelists were then conducted with each compound individually or all compounds together. Comparison of analytical data and sensory thresholds indicated that IMP and GMP thresholds were 100-fold higher than their concentrations in cheese. All other compounds contributed some umami taste within their concentration range in umami cheeses. Sensory analysis of model cheeses revealed that glutamic acid played the largest role in umami taste of both Cheddar and Swiss cheeses while succinic and propionic acids contributed to umami taste in Swiss cheeses. Knowledge of the key compounds associated with umami taste in cheeses will aid in the identification of procedures to enhance formation of this taste in cheese.
UMass at TDT 2000 (2000)

We spent a fair amount of time this year rewriting our TDT system in order to provide more flexibility and to better integrate the various components. The time spent rearchitecting the code, learning to deal with its peculiarities, and correct bugs detracted substantially from research this year. As a result, the major approaches used on this evaluation are very similar to those used in TDT 1999. We had two thrusts to our research, neither of which was ready to be deployed in this evaluation. We report here on the results from the training data, in all cases explored within the link detection task. In the first direction, we looked more carefully at score normalization across different languages and media types. We found that we could improve results noticeably though not substantially by normalizing scores differently depending upon the source language. In the second direction, we considered smoothing the vocabulary in stories using a “query expansion” technique from Information Retrieval to add additional words from the corpus to each story. This resulted in substantial improvements.
Frequency and Comparative Anatomy of the Extended Endothelium among Soybean Plant Introductions and Weathering Resistant Genotypes<sup>1</sup> (1987)

In some genotypes of soybean [“Glycine max” (L.) Merr.], the endothelium of the testa forms a dome‐shaped extension in the region of the pit in the abaxial surface of the cotyledons. The importance and functions of this tissue are not fully understood. Using scanning electron microscopy we observed a high frequency (0.91) of the extended endothelium in experimental weathering resistant genotypes received from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Similar examination of 378 random genotypes from the USDA soybean germplasm collection revealed the frequency of this trait to be 0.34. The dimensions of this tissue in these latter genotypes varied from <0.4 to >2.1 mm 2 in area, and from 80 to 220 pm in thickness. The cells of the extended endothelium are generally large, vertically elongated, and have large cell wall thickenings.
The Anti-Mac interface (1996)

article Free Access Share on The Anti-Mac interface Authors: Don Gentner Sun Microsystems, Mountain View, CA Sun Microsystems, Mountain View, CAView Profile , Jakob Nielsen Sun Microsystems, Mountain View, CA Sun Microsystems, Mountain View, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 39Issue 8Aug. 1996pp 70–82https://doi.org/10.1145/232014.232032Published:01 August 1996Publication History 95citation3,833DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations95Total Downloads3,833Last 12 Months164Last 6 weeks32 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
<title>Probabilistic methods for robotic landmine search</title> (2001)

One way to improve the efficiency of a mine search, compared with a complete coverage algorithm, is to direct the search based on the spatial distribution of the minefield. The key for the success of this probabilistic approach is to efficiently extract the spatial distribution of the minefield during the process of the search. In our research, we assume that a minefield follows a regular pattern, which belongs to a family of known patterns. Likelihood and Bayesian approaches to the pattern extraction algorithm are developed to extract the underlying pattern of the minefield. Both algorithms perform well in their ability to catch the "actual" pattern. And both algorithms are efficient, therefore, online implement of the algorithm on a mobile robot is possible. Compared to the likelihood approach, the advantage of using a Bayesian approach is that this approach provides information about the uncertainty of the extracted "actual" pattern.
Erratum: Temperature dependence of electron mobility and peak velocity in compensated GaAs [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>5</b> <b>2</b>, 922 (1988)] (1988)

First Page
Automatic visual inspection of the surface appearance defects of bearing roller (2002)

An analysis is made of bearing surface appearance defect inspection. The intrinsic handicap of the most widely used analog thresholding technique for improving inspection reliability is demonstrated, and a test machine vision inspection system is proposed. The system utilizes a self-scanning photodiode array as the light sensor, a special mechanism for unrolling the roller surfaces, and a PC/AT for image processing. The performance of the system is controlled by a UC-Z80 single-board computer. For image processing, three novel methods were used: (1) average-based shading correction, (2) background model for pollution erasing, and (3) a local iterative operator for defect and background clustering. These algorithms make the defect segmentation very reliable, even in the presence of oil pollution. For different precision rollers, the system can easily be adapted by altering the input parameters. Test results show that the system is capable of inspecting most surface defects such as cracks, pits, rust, or scratches with high reliability. The minimum crack width which can presently be detected is 25 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated slim layer for IP over WDM (2002)

In order to make the IP layer independent of the specified implemention of the optical cross-connects, we propose to use an integrated slim layer to encapsulate the implementation details. It integrates the functions of framing, performance monitoring, lightpath maintenance, and localized protection switching. These functions traditionally belong to different layers. The integrated slim layer can be implemented as the driver module of the optical transport system.
Best-case analysis for improving the worst-case schedulability test for distributed hard real-time systems (2002)

We present an improvement of the schedulability analysis technique for distributed hard real time systems that allows us to increase the maximum schedulable resource utilization. Since the improvement affects only the analysis technique, there is no additional implementation cost for the application itself. The improvement in the analysis consists of calculating a lower bound for the best case response time of tasks and messages, in order to reduce the estimated jitter in the activation of subsequent tasks and messages. This reduction of jitter implies reduced worst case bounds for the response times, and thus allows us to increase the maximum schedulable utilization. The paper explores two different ways to calculate a lower bound on the best case execution times. The paper also shows the results of simulations that we have carried out, in which we found that we could increase the maximum schedulable limit of the different resources by approximately 5% more utilization.
Displacement of Neutral Nitrogen Donors by Chloride in AuCl<sub>3</sub> (3R‐py) (3R‐py = <i>meta</i>‐Substituted Pyridine): Comparison between <i>meta</i>‐ and <i>para</i>‐Substituted Pyridines by Kinetics and DFT Calculations (2007)

Abstract The kinetics of the process AuCl 3 (3R‐py) + Cl – → AuCl 4 – + 3R‐py (3R‐py = one of a number of meta ‐substituted pyridines covering a wide range of basicity) have been studied in methanol at 25 °C. The reactions obey the usual two‐term rate law observed in the substitution reactions of square‐planar complexes. The second‐order rate constants, k 2 , are very sensitive to the nature of the leaving group and plots of log k 2 against the p K a of the conjugate acids are linear with the same slope of ca. –0.6 already found for para ‐substituted pyridines (4R‐py). Until now the two groups of bases have been considered to behave in the same manner in their displacement from Au III and Pt II by various nucleophiles but, on the contrary, the reactivity of the two classes of N donors is slightly different and follows the order: 4R‐py > 3R‐py. This kinetic result is explained on the basis of an energetic difference between the frontier orbitals of the AuCl 3 (3R‐py) and AuCl 3 (4R‐py) derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Interacting with large displays from a distance with vision-tracked multi-finger gestural input (2005)

We explore the idea of using vision-based hand tracking over a constrained tabletop surface area to perform multi-finger and whole-hand gestural interactions with large displays from a distance. We develop bimanual techniques to support a variety of asymmetric and symmetric interactions, including fast targeting and navigation to all parts of a large display from the comfort of a desk and chair, as well as techniques that exploit the ability of the vision-based hand tracking system to provide multi-finger identification and full 2D hand segmentation. We also posit a design that allows for handling multiple concurrent users.
NK cell-based immunotherapy for malignant diseases (2013)

生来的杀手(NK ) 房间对癌症在主人免疫起关键作用。在反应，癌症开发机制逃离 NK 房间攻击或导致有缺点的 NK 房间。当前的 NK 基于房间的癌症免疫疗法试图用几条途径克服 NK 房间麻痹。一条途径使用扩展 allogeneic NK 房间，它没被象自体同源的 NK 房间一样的自我 histocompatibility 抗原禁止，为采纳细胞的免疫疗法。另一条采纳转移途径使用稳定的 allogeneic NK 房间线，它为质量控制和大规模生产是更实际的。第三条途径是新鲜 NK 房间或 NK 房间线的基因修正高度表示 cytokines， Fc 受体或妄想的肿瘤抗原受体。治疗学的 NK 细胞能从各种各样的来源被导出，包括细胞，干细胞或甚至导致的 pluripotent 干细胞( iPSCs )，和许多激发器能被用于的外设或绳索血在实验室或好生产实践( GMP )的大规模生产设备包括可溶的生长因素，使不能调动的分子或抗体，和另外的细胞的使活跃之物。到在临床的试用的癌症的对待几类型的 NK 房间治疗的一张表这里被考察。基于 NK 的免疫疗法的几条不同途径例如织物特定的 NK 房间，漂亮面向受体的 NK 房间和化学上对待的 NK 房间，被讨论。一些新技术或策略到由非侵略的成像的监视器 NK 房间治疗，预定 NK 房间治疗由的效率在 vivo 实验并且在临床的试用评估 NK 房间治疗途径也被介绍。