gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site Reactivity Probes: [1,2-13C]Chloroacetic Acid, A Reactivity Probe for Soil (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSite Reactivity Probes: [1,2-13C]Chloroacetic Acid, A Reactivity Probe for SoilCharles E. Castro, Stephen K. O'Shea, and Eleanor W. BartnickiCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 8, 2154–2156Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00008a040https://doi.org/10.1021/es00008a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A generalized technique for derivation of average current mode control laws for power factor correction without input voltage sensing (2002)

This paper presents a general technique for derivation of average current mode controlled (ACMC) laws to achieve high power factor for single-phase topologies operating in CCM. The control laws are derived based on the steady-state input-output voltage relationships and the CCM large-signal averaged PWM-switch model. Using this methodology average CMC laws with linear PWM waveforms, which provide high power factor without the need for input voltage sensing are discovered. Conventional 3-loop controlled average CMC converters can now be controlled with a 2-loop architecture. Hardware results for a boost PFC and simulation results for flyback topology verify operation.
T-matrix computations of light scattering by red blood cells (1998)

The electromagnetic far field, as well as the near field, originating from light interaction with a red blood cell (RBC)volume-equivalent spheroid, was analyzed by utilizing theT-matrix theory. This method is a powerful tool thatmakes it possible to study the influence of cell shape on the angulardistribution of scattered light. General observations were that thethree-dimensional shape, as well as the optical thickness apparent tothe incident field, affects the forward scattering. Thebackscattering was influenced by the shape of the surface facing theincident beam. Furthermore sphering as well as elongation of anoblate RBC into a volume-equivalent sphere or a prolate spheroid, respectively, was theoretically modeled to imitate physiologicalphenomena caused, e.g., by heat or the increased shear stress offlowing blood. Both sphering and elongation were shown to decreasethe intensity of the forward-directed scattering, thus yielding lowerg factors. The sphering made the scattering patternindependent of azimuthal scattering angle phi(s), whereas the elongation induced more apparent phi(s)-dependent patterns. The lightscattering by a RBC volume-equivalent spheroid was thus found to behighly influenced by the shape of the scattering object. Anear-field radius r(nf) was evaluated as thedistance to which the maximum intensity of the total near field haddecreased to 2.5 times that of the incident field. It was estimatedto 2-24.5 times the maximum radius of the scattering spheroid, corresponding to 12-69 mum. Because the near-field radiuswas shown to be larger than a simple estimation of the distance betweenthe RBC's in whole blood, the assumption of independent scattering, frequently employed in optical measurements on whole blood, seemsinappropriate. This also indicates that one cannot extrapolate theresults obtained from diluted blood to whole blood by multiplying witha simple concentration factor.
Affinity chromatography of catalytic autoantibody to vasoactive intestinal peptide. (1990)

Abstract An autoantibody in human IgG that hydrolyzes vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was identified. The IgG did not hydrolyze VIP unless an unidentified inhibitor was removed by dialysis. The VIP antibody was fractionated by affinity chromatography on immobilized VIP by using IgG without VIP-hydrolytic activity as the starting material. The affinity-purified antibody catalyzed the hydrolysis of VIP (nominal kcat/Km: 1.1 X 106 M-1 min-1). The values of Km for the affinity-purified antibody preparation and unfractionated IgG (110 nM and 112 nM) suggested relatively tight antibody-VIP binding. A comparison of the reverse phase HPLC profiles of antibody-treated [Tyr10-125I]VIP with that of synthetic [125I]VIP(1-16) suggested that unfractionated IgG and the affinity-purified antibody cleaved the same peptide bond in VIP (Gln16-Met17).
A Monoclonal Antibody to Visualize PtdIns(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> in Cells (2002)

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)] is a second messenger produced in response to agonist stimulation. Traditionally, visualization of phosphoinositide polyphosphates (PtdInsP(n)) in living cells is accomplished using chimeric green fluorescent protein (GFP)-pleckstrin homology (PH) domain proteins, while PtdInsP(n) quantitation is accomplished by extraction and separation of radiolabeled cellular PtdInsP(n)s. Here we describe preparation of a covalent protein-PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) immunogen, characterization of binding selectivity of an anti-PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) IgM, and immunodetection of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) in stimulated mammalian cells. This antibody has greater than three orders of magnitude selectivity for binding PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) relative to its precursor, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)), and is therefore optimal for studies of cell function. The immunodetection in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells was benchmarked against HPLC analysis of [3H]-myo-inositol-labeled cellular PtdInsP(n)s. In addition, the changes in subcellular amounts and localizations of both PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in stimulated NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human neutrophils were observed by immunofluorescence. In insulin- or PDGF-stimulated fibroblasts, PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) levels increased in the cytoplasm, peaking at 10 min. In contrast, increases in the PtdIns(4,5)P(2) levels were detected in nuclei, corresponding to the production of new substrate following depletion by phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase.
Stevioside. IV. Evidence that Stevioside is a Sophoroside (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStevioside. IV. Evidence that Stevioside is a SophorosideErik Vis and Hewitt G. Fletcher Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 18, 4709–4710Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01599a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced ethanol and glucosamine production from rice husk by NAOH pretreatment and fermentation by fungus Mucor hiemalis (2016)

Ethanol production from rice husk by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Mucor hiemalis was investigated. To reach the maximum ethanol production yield, the most important influencing factors in the pretreatment process, including temperature (0-100°C), NaOH concentration (1-3 M), and the pretreatment time (30-180 min), were optimized using an experimental design by a response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum ethanol production yield of 86.7 % was obtained after fungal cultivation on the husk pretreated with 2.6 M NaOH at 67°C for 150 min. This was higher than the yield of 57.7% obtained using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as control. Furthermore, fermentation using M. hiemalis under the optimum conditions led to the production of a highly valuable fungal biomass, containing 60 g glucosamine (GlcN), 410 g protein, and 160 g fungal oil per each kg of the fungal biomass.
Production of Aluminum Glass Fiber Reinforced Foam Synthesized by Space-Holder Technique (2016)

Aluminum and its reinforced type with glass fiber composite foams were produced by powder sintering process using spherical carbamide particles as a space holder. The foams with 40-60 vol.% porosity fractions were successfully produced after water leaching and sintering methods. Compression test was performed on both of the foam samples for comparing the compressive properties and energy absorption behavior of them. The composite foam samples with glass fiber reinforcement showed higher compressive strength than the parent material foam.
The Measurement of X-Ray Dosage by Physical Means (1929)

THE life course of a cell depends on the internal conditions of the cell and on the medium in which it happens to be. The marked changes which X-rays are capable of producing in a living cell may be due to the direct action of the radiation on the cell itself, or a primary action on the medium, which then influences the cell, or to a combination of the two. Whatever the actual mechanism may be, the resultant effect is related in some way to the radiation which causes it. The establishment of this relation between cause and effect under various conditions is of utmost importance, but, unfortunately, it is a very difficult problem. In the first place, no relation can be established unless we are able to measure definitely both the cause and the effect. That this is not a simple matter is but too well known. In the present paper we shall limit our discussion solely to the measurement of the causative agent, X-radiation. If the action is simply a direct one on the individual cell, the only radiation which can influence it is the radiation which reaches it. Furthermore, in view of the great penetrating power of the type of radiation under discussion, only a small part of the radiation which reaches a cell can have any influence on it: that is, only the fraction which is absorbed by the cell is responsible for the changes which may be produced. The same mode of reasoning applies, mutatis mutandis, to the medium, if the action on the cell is assumed to be an indirect one. In other words, the medium can be modified only by the radiation which it absorbs. We may conclude, therefore, that in any case the factor which is directly responsible for the observed changes is the part of the radiation which is absorbed by the tissue. If we study the passage of X-rays through matter we find that it is a very complicated process. We cannot determine with any degree of definiteness just how much radiation which is biologically effective at volume of tissue irradiated under specified conditions. The chief difficulty is due to the fact that radiation is scattered repeatedly during its passage through matter, and its quality is altered both by true absorption and scattering. Accordingly we are not in a position to determine accurately the factor which in the ultimate analysis must be directly responsible for the biological change. There is also a subsequent difficulty: if we know the amount of radiation actually absorbed per unit volume of the irradiated tissue, we still do not know whether this is all biologically effective; or, what is more important, whether the fraction which is biologically effective is always the same, irrespective of the wave length.
Dust storms on Mars: Considerations and simulations (1981)

Earth-based observations and spacecraft results show that aeolian processes are currently active on Mars. Analyses of various landforms, including dunes, yardangs, and mantling sediments of probable aeolian origin, suggest that aeolian processes have been important in the geological past. Dust storms originate in specific areas of Mars and are most vigorous during the martian summer in the southern hemisphere. In order to understand aeolian processes in the low surface pressure (∼7 mb), carbon dioxide atmosphere of Mars, a special wind-tunnel was fabricated to carry out investigations of the physics of windblown particles under martian conditions. Martian threshold wind speeds have been derived for a range of particle diameters and densities; the threshold curve parallels that for Earth but is offset toward higher wind velocities by about an order of magnitude. The “optimum” size particle (the size most easily moved by minimum wind) is about 100 pm in diameter; minimum freestream winds to generate particle motion are about 40 ms-I. Grains smaller than 100 pm (“dust”) require increasingly higher winds to initiate threshold; yet, estimates of grain sizes in the dust clouds are in the size range of a few microns and smaller. Because the Viking Landerhas recorded winds no stronger than those for minimum threshold, it is suggested that some other mechanism than uniform strong winds is required for “dust” threshold. Experiments and theoretical considerations suggest that such mechanisms could be cyclonic (“dust devil”) winds, a saltation cascading effect by larger (more easily moved) particles, and injection of fine grains into the wind stream by outgassing volatiles absorbed on the grains.
A Sixty-Way S-Band Radial Waveguide Combiner (1984)

Design and performance information is presented for a divider/combiner which is to be used in an S-band solid state radar transmitter. In this application the ability to continue operation in the event of failure of one or more of the amplifier modules feeding the combiner is essential; such graceful degradation has been demonstrated. Novel features of the design are the use of a continuous annular balun launching section and the absence of internal resistors or higher-order mode suppressors. A four section impedance transformation provides a very low VSWR throughout the 2.7 to 3.1GHz radar band. The absence of internal resistors results in extremely low insertion loss, high power handling capability and high reliability. Manufacturing costs are kept low by virtue of a simple construction using few component parts.
The Low pH-Dependent Entry of Avian Reovirus Is Accompanied by Two Specific Cleavages of the Major Outer Capsid Protein μ2C (1996)

Avian reoviruses are capable of inducing rapid and extensive syncytium formation, a process that occurs preferentially under conditions of neutral or alkaline pH. In order to ascertain whether the membrane fusion-inducing capability of avian reovirus confers a pH-independent entry mechanism on the virus, virus entry was investigated using internalization assays and several lysomotropic agents that inhibit endosomal acidification. The ability of avian reovirus to infect cells was severely restricted under all conditions that prevented endosomal acidification. The decreased infection efficiency in the presence of the lysomotropic agents correlated with an inhibition in the proteolytic processing of the major outer capsid protein μ2C. The importance, with respect to virus infection, of the low pH-dependent cleavage of the avian reovirus μ2C protein was confirmed by demonstrating that infectious subviral particles, generated by proteolytic processing in vitro, were capable of efficiently infecting cells in the presence of the lysomotropic agents. These results indicated that avian reovirus entry-specific membrane interactions are largely dependent on an endosome-mediated proteolytic processing of the virus particle, suggesting that the syncytium-inducing property of the sigma3 protein is not sufficient to promote virus uptake. Furthermore, avian reovirus internalization was associated with two distinct cleavages of the major outer capsid protein μ2C, unlike the entry-specific processing of the analagous mammalian reovirus major outer capsid protein μ1C. The μ2C cleavages occured sequentially and appeared to involve distinct cleavage specificities. Moreover, the second cleavage event was observed to be both virus strain- and cell type-independent, suggesting that the cleavage is both specific and biologically significant.
Accumulation of a Novel Red Pigment in Cell Suspension Cultures of Floral Meristem Tissues from Carthamus tinctorius L. (1988)

Abstract A cell strain originally derived from floral meristem tissues of Carthamus tinctorius (dyer’s saffron) produced substantial amounts of a novel red pigment under controlled culture conditions. The pigment isolated f r om alcoholic extracts of C. tinctorius cultures was compared with authentic carthamin, anthocyanins, betain, and carotenoids. It differed markedly from carthamin and showed none of the characteristic properties of the glycoside or chloride forms of authentic delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin. Analytic data indicated that this pigment also differs from betanin and from α- and β-carotene. The name “Kurenamin” was tentatively given to this newly isolated red pigment. Effect of the culture media, micro-elements, macro-elements, and putative substrates on the kurenamin production were investigated during cell suspension culture.
Clinical applications of IDDSI framework for texture recommendation for dysphagia patients (2017)

Swallowing disorder or dysphagia occurs commonly among many elderly people and imposes negative impacts on their health and well-being. Medical professionals can diagnose eating and swallowing capability in a qualitative manner, but have difficulty in making diet recommendation because of the lack of texture guidance. This work confirmed the feasibility of IDDSI framework for clinical and bedside applications. The correlation between the capability grades of swallowing and IDDSI texture levels established in this work provides a useful measure for such applications.
Cases in call center management : great ideas (th)at work (2004)

Written by authorities on the call center industry, this book brings to light the strategic importance of call centers in today's business world. As interactions with customers move away from person-to-person the call center is becoming a vital force for corporate marketing and communication.
A methodology to estimate remaining service life of grey cast iron water mains (2000)

The decision to repair, renew, or replace existing old grey cast iron mains is typically based on performance indicators such as structural integrity, hydraulic efficiency, system reliability, and water quality. Structural integrity (often quantified as the number of main breaks per kilometre or mile per year) is the most common performance indicator. However, these indicators represent past performance, rather than expected future performance. Decisions based on performance indicators may not, therefore, accurately meet the real needs of the utility owner of the water distribution system. A preferred approach to make decisions on pipe repair and replacement is to determine the expected remaining service (residual) life of each pipe segment and ensure that the necessary work is performed before failure occurs. Past efforts to estimate remaining service life of water mains have been based on corrosion pit depth and estimated corrosion rate with no regard to the influence of corrosion on the structural resistance capacity of water mains. This paper describes a methodology to estimate the remaining service life of grey cast iron mains that takes corrosion pit induced changes in the structural resistance capacity into account. The methodology combines the residual resistance capacity of grey cast iron mains, anticipated corrosion rates, and the measurement of corrosion pits by direct inspection or non-destructive evaluation technology to predict when the factor of safety of an individual pipe segment will fall below a minimum acceptable value set by the utility owner, i.e., remaining service life. The estimate of remaining service life may then be used to schedule appropriate maintenance or replacement of grey cast iron mains.Key words: water mains, remaining service life, residual life, repair, renew, or rehabilitate water mains, corrosion models, pit and spun grey cast iron.
Dynamic Pull-In and Switching for Sub-Pull-In Voltage Electrostatic Actuation (2007)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new MEMS switching technique using elastic potential energy to drive switching with electrostatic force used for switch control. This approach allows switching into pulled-in states at voltages significantly less than the quasi-static pull-in voltage. We have demonstrated switching into a pulled-in position using voltages much less than the pull-in voltage with a large torsional MEMS mirror, a high-speed torsional MEMS mirror, and a high-speed rectilinear MEMS switch that operates horizontally. Both high-speed devices have demonstrated switching in less than 500 ns over relatively large gaps.
Biocontrol of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> on Fresh-Cut Produce by Treatment with Lytic Bacteriophages and a Bacteriocin (2003)

The fresh-cut produce industry has been the fastest-growing portion of the food retail market during the past 10 years, providing consumers with convenient and nutritious food. However, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables raise food safety concerns, because exposed tissue may be colonized more easily by pathogenic bacteria than intact produce. This is due to the higher availability of nutrients on cut surfaces and the greater potential for contamination because of the increased amount of handling. We found that applied Listeria monocytogenes populations survived and increased only slightly on fresh-cut Red Delicious apples stored at 10 degrees C but increased significantly on fresh-cut honeydew melons stored at 10 degrees C over 7 days. In addition, we examined the effect of lytic, L. monocytogenes-specific phages via two phage application methods, spraying and pipetting, on L. monocytogenes populations in artificially contaminated fresh-cut melons and apples. The phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by 2.0 to 4.6 log units over the control on honeydew melons. On apples, the reduction was below 0.4 log units. In combination with nisin (a bacteriocin), the phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 5.7 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.3 log units on apple slices compared to the control. Nisin alone reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 3.2 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.0 log units on apple slices compared to the control. The phage titer was stable on melon slices, but declined rapidly on apple slices. The spray application of the phage and phage plus nisin reduced the bacterial numbers at least as much as the pipette application. The effectiveness of the phage treatment also depended on the initial concentration of L. monocytogenes.