gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Arabidopsis</i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES negatively regulates brassinosteroid accumulation to limit growth in organ boundaries (2012)

Leaves and flowers begin life as outgrowths from the edges of shoot apical meristems. Stem cell divisions in the meristem center replenish cells that are incorporated into organ primordia at the meristem periphery and leave the meristem. Organ boundaries, regions of limited growth that separate forming organs from the meristem, serve to isolate these two domains and are critical for coordination of organogenesis and meristem maintenance. Boundary formation and maintenance are poorly understood processes, despite the identification of a number of boundary-specific transcription factors. Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor lateral organ boundaries (LOB) negatively regulates accumulation of the plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid (BR) in organ boundaries. We found that ectopic expression of LOB results in reduced BR responses. We identified BAS1, which encodes a BR-inactivating enzyme, as a direct target of LOB transcriptional activation. Loss-of-function lob mutants exhibit organ fusions, and this phenotype is suppressed by expression of BAS1 under the LOB promoter, indicating that BR hyperaccumulation contributes to the lob mutant phenotype. In addition, LOB expression is BR regulated; therefore, LOB and BR form a feedback loop to modulate local BR accumulation in organ boundaries to limit growth in the boundary domain.
<scp>DNA</scp>‐Dependent <scp>RNA</scp> Polymerases (1991)

Abstract There are two types of DNA‐dependent RNA polymerases commonly used for nucleic acid research: E. coli RNA polymerase and the bacteriophage T7, T3, and SP6 RNA polymerases. This unit describes the uses and limitations of each class of RNA polymerase along with specific reaction conditions and applications.
Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and dopaminergic inhibition in benign breast disease (1984)

Pituitary function was tested in predefined clinical groups of benign breast disease under strictly controlled clinical and laboratory conditions. Two different tests of prolactin storage and control mechanisms, direct stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and inhibition of dopaminergic control by domperidone, indicate a significant abnormality in patients with severe cyclical mastalgia and nodular breast disease (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.002), but not in those with noncyclical mastalgia. No abnormalities of thyroid function were found.
Evaluation of methods for estimating motor efficiency without removing motor from service (1995)

This paper provides a brief survey of methods for evaluating the efficiency of an operating motor. In general, these methods estimate the motor`s efficiency by measuring some combination of the current, voltage, power in and speed. The motor`s efficiency is calculated using an equivalent circuit model or other mathematical representation of the motor. There is a need for an efficiency estimating tool that can be used easily and with a reasonable level of confidence so that motors can be evaluated for replacement with energy efficient motors in a simple cost benefit analysis. The report provides an overview of various methods for estimating the operating efficiency of a motor without actually removing it from service and testing it on a dynamometer. Dynamometer testing, while accurate, is expensive and highly intrusive to the operating process. The efficiency estimation tool needed for the cost benefit analysis must be easy to use, without disrupting the operating process, and must provide a reasonable accuracy. The study reports on several efficiency estimation methods and compares them with actual dynamometer measurements of efficiency. It is found that reasonable estimates can be made without a high level of cost and disruption of the process. For example, if the motor can be disconnected from its load and operated at no load condition, and if a measurement of stator resistance may be taken, several of its losses can be reasonably approximated as in Method E of IEEE Standard 112 using a segregated loss method. This method can then be used when the motor is operated at its normal load condition to evaluate the losses in the motor and estimate motor operating efficiency. The method has been found to provide a reasonable estimate (perhaps 3% accuracy) when compared with the dynamometer method in the laboratory. However, disconnecting the motor from the load does require a short interruption in the process.
Gain Adaptive Real-Time Stereo Streaming (2019)

This paper introduces a multi-view stereo matcher that generates depth in real-time from a monocular video stream of a static scene. A key feature of our processing pipeline is that it estimates global camera gain changes in the feature tracking stage and efficiently compensates for these in the stereo stage without impacting the real-time performance. This is very important for outdoor applications where the brightness range often far exceeds the dynamic range of the camera. Real-time performance is achieved by leveraging the processing power of the graphics processing unit (GPU) in addition to the CPU. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on videos of urban scenes recorded by a vehicle-mounted camera with auto-gain enabled.
Theory of giant magnetoresistance effects in magnetic layered structures with antiferromagnetic coupling (1989)

We present a simple theoretical description of recently measured giant magnetoresistance effects in Fe/Cr layered structures. The resistivity is calculated by solving the Boltzmann transport equation with spin-dependent scattering at the interfaces. The magnitude of the effect depends on the ratio of the layer thickness to the mean free path and on the asymmetry in scattering for spin-up and spin-down electrons. Good agreement with experiment is found for both sandwich structures and superlattices.
Handbook of polyvinyl chloride formulating (1993)

Partial table of contents: Formulation Development (E. Wickson). Solution Vinyl Resins (K. Szoc & R. Burns). PVC Latexes (J. Goots & M. Moore). Monomeric Plasticizers (L. Krauskopf). Epoxy Plasticizers (J. Lutz). Lead Stabilizers (B. Engelbart). Lubricants (R. Grossman). Carbonate Fillers (T. Ferrigno & E. Wickson). Colorants (W. Mathew). Antistats (R. Grossman). Biocides (D. Micchelli). NBR Elastomer Alloys (M. Stockdale). Carbon Black (F. Spinelli). Economics of Formulating (E. Wickson & J. Hooton). Dry Blending (P. Verrier). Powder Coatings (W. Wertz & D. Richart). Electron Beam Curing (J. Bly). Basic Statistics and Design of Experiments (P. Bryant). Environmental and Health Concerns in Formulating Vinyl Compounds (L. Weisfeld). Index.
Individualized 3D scanning and printing for non-melanoma skin cancer brachytherapy: a financial study for its integration into clinical workflow (2017)

As the present project demonstrates, through the application of 3D printing technologies, the costs and time spent during the process in the clinical workload in brachytherapy treatment are reduced. Overall, 3D printing is a promising technique for brachytherapy that might be well received in the community.
Vicryl Mesh in Pelvic Floor Reconstruction (1985)

A new synthetic absorbable mesh made of polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) fiber was used to reconstruct the pelvic floor in seven women undergoing pelvic exenteration. The technique is described. The follow-up ranged from three to 31 months and no patient developed a bowel problem. The material seems to be appropriate for this use, is completely absorbed, and acts as a latticework for the deposition of granulation tissue. The technique can be applied in patients requiring pelvic irradiation following surgery for malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts. The small bowel is effectively held out of the pelvis and the radiation field, and is spared the effects of the radiation beam.
Hemophilia A-From Basic Science to Clinical Practice (2002)

This article summarizes achievements of basic research and their implementation in clinical treatment of one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders hemophilia A, which is caused by genetic deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). We discuss the structure of FVIII, its major interactions in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, and the catabolism of FVIII. We also discuss achievements in the contemporary clinical practice of treatment of hemophilia A. Replacement therapy has substantially improved by development of purification and virus inactivation procedures, allowing preparation of safe and effective therapeutic plasma-derived FVIII concentrates. We give special attention to the principles used in the development of contemporary recombinant FVIII products, which do not inherit a potential risk for viral or prion transmission. Development of FVIII inhibitory antibodies is the major complication of FVIII replacement therapy. We summarize the accumulated knowledge regarding epitopes of FVIII inhibitors and mechanisms by which they inactivate FVIII and discuss approaches to overcome the effects of inhibitors and to prevent their formation by induction of immunotolerance. We also analyze the main concepts and scientific priorities in the gene-therapeutic approach for treatment of hemophilia A.
Estimated Risk of Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Screened Blood in the United States (1995)

The estimated risk of transmitting HIV by the transfusion of screened blood is very small and nearly half that estimated previously, primarily because the sensitivity of enzyme immunosorbent assays has been improved.
Synthesis of 2- and 6-Fluoronicotinamides (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2- and 6-FluoronicotinamidesJohn T. Minor, G. F. Hawkins, Calvin A. VanderWerf, and Arthur. RoeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 1125–1126Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Suicide notes from Mexico and the United States: a thematic analysis (2009)

The results suggested that there are more psychological commonalities than differences. Yet, as this study marks the first one using suicide notes, between Mexico and the USA, much greater study is warranted.
Nucleotides. VII. Preparation and optical rotatory dispersion of some 9.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-3,5'-purine cyclonucleosides (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleotides. VII. Preparation and optical rotatory dispersion of some 9.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-3,5'-purine cyclonucleosidesAlexander Hampton and Alan W. NicholCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 5, 1688–1691Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01280a119https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01280a119research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Use of Polymeric PTC Devices in Automotive Wiring Systems (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Designers are faced with conflicting needs to provide reliable protection against short circuits and overload conditions in a vehicle's electrical system and to reduce vehicle cost and weight. Traditional approaches rely on a limited number of large fuses to protect multiple circuits. However, a consequence of this approach is the need for large, heavy, complex wiring assemblies. The availability of conductive polymer, positive temperature coefficient resistors, which latch when tripped and automatically reset when the fault is cleared, presents designers with an opportunity to rethink wiring assembly design. Significant savings in wiring assembly size, weight, and cost can be achieved by replacing centralized fusing with strategically located PTC resistors. Of equal importance, use of PTC resistors can eliminate the need for the vehicle's operator to locate and replace blown fuses.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Automobile manufacturers are under constant pressure from prospective customers to provide higher quality and better reliability. Customers are also demanding more interior room and more built-in features in new family vehicles. Since most of the desired features are electrically powered, their inclusion requires more complex wiring assemblies. However, the need for larger electrical systems creates a dilemma for designers who are also faced with the need to meet ever-increasing fuel economy requirements, in part by reducing overall vehicle weight.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A typical modern vehicle may contain hundreds of electrical circuits and a kilometer of wire. The sheer complexity of the wiring system can make conventional circuit design techniques difficult to use and may lead to unnecessary overdesign. As a result, designers are turning to new and emerging technologies to replace traditional and accepted design techniques.</div>
A comparative biocompatibility study of microspheres based on crosslinked dextran or poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid after subcutaneous injection in rats (2001)

Microspheres based on methacrylated dextran (dex-MA), dextran derivatized with lactate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (dex-lactate-HEMA) or derivatized with HEMA (dex-HEMA) were prepared. The microspheres were injected subcutaneously in rats and the effect of the particle size and network characteristics [initial water content and degree of methacrylate substitution (DS)] on the tissue reaction was investigated for 6 weeks. As a control, poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) microspheres with varying sizes (unsized, smaller than 10 microm, smaller and larger than 20 microm) were injected as well. A mild tissue reaction to the PLGA microspheres was observed, characterized by infiltration of macrophages (MØs) and some granulocytes. Six weeks postinjection, the PLGA microspheres were still present. However, their size was decreased indicating degradation and many spheres had been phagocytosed. The tissue reaction was hardly affected by size differences, except for particles smaller than 10 microm, which induced an extensive tissue reaction. The initial tissue reaction to nondegradable dex-MA microspheres was stronger than towards the PLGA microspheres, but at day 10 the tissue reactions were comparable for both groups. Six weeks postinjection, the dex-MA microspheres were completely phagocytosed, and no signs of degradation were observed. The size and initial water content of dex-MA microspheres hardly affected the tissue response, although less granulocytes were observed for microspheres with higher DS. Slowly degrading dextran microspheres composed of dex-(lactate(1)-)HEMA induced a tissue reaction comparable to the PLGA microspheres. However, degradation of the dex-(lactate(1,3)-)HEMA microspheres was associated with an increased number of MØ's and giant cells, both phagocytosing the microspheres and their degradation products. Similar to PLGA, no adverse reactions were observed for the nondegradable dex-MA and degradable dextran microspheres. This study shows that both nondegradable and degradable dextran-based microspheres are well tolerated after subcutaneous injection in rats, which make them interesting candidates as controlled drug delivery systems.
The Research and Design for Web Print Component Based on EJB Technology (2009)

With the increasing application based on Web, the comparatively backward Web printing technology lead so much inconvenience to the development of Web system and slowed the pace of Web application in enterprises. In this work, by making use of component programming ideas and EJB technology, a Web print components was developed which based on the analysis of PDF format. Thus, it provides a simple and practical Web printing solution based on this print component. The schema especially meets the requirements of the print with fixed format and changing content.
The Raman Spectra of Ring Compounds. II. Poly-Substituted Benzene Compounds (1934)

The Raman spectra of: fluorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, and hexamethylbenzene have been studied. Their relation to the vibrations of the benzene ring is discussed.
[Expression of Bcl-2, PD-L1 and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer]. (2012)

The expression of Bcl-2 may be associated with colon cancer pathologic differentiation, and the expression of PD-L1 may be associated with colon cancer metastasis.
The Roles of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Fear Memory Formation (2011)

The formation and storage of fear memory is needed to adapt behavior and avoid danger during subsequent fearful events. However, fear memory may also play a significant role in stress and anxiety disorders. When fear becomes disproportionate to that necessary to cope with a given stimulus, or begins to occur in inappropriate situations, a fear or anxiety disorder exists. Thus, the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning fear memory may shed light on the formation of memory and on anxiety and stress related disorders. Evidence indicates that fear learning leads to changes in neuronal synaptic transmission and morphology in brain areas underlying fear memory formation including the amygdala and hippocampus. The actin cytoskeleton has been shown to participate in these key neuronal processes. Recent findings show that the actin cytoskeleton is needed for fear memory formation and extinction. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton is involved in synaptic plasticity and in neuronal morphogenesis in brain areas that mediate fear memory. The actin cytoskeleton may therefore mediate between synaptic transmission during fear learning and long-term cellular alterations mandatory for fear memory formation.
Reenforcement of Rubber by Fillers (1929)

Abstract Wiegand's “Δ A” function, as represented by the double integral of tensile with respect to elongation and volume of a pigment over the base mix, is a practical means of expressing the reënforcing effect of the filler. On the other hand, the volume range over which the bonding of the filler is greater than the strength of the rubber matrix gives a better understanding of the condition of the filler in the rubber. Apparently, the importance of fatty acids and other polar compounds in dispersions can be put on a sound theoretical basis.
Programming Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of 3D Hydrogel Cellular Microcultures via Direct Ink Writing (2016)

3D hydrogel scaffolds are widely used in cellular microcultures and tissue engineering. Using direct ink writing, microperiodic poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) (pHEMA) scaffolds are created that are then printed, cured, and modified by absorbing 30 kDa protein poly-l-lysine (PLL) to render them biocompliant in model NIH/3T3 fibroblast and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell cultures. Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) live cell imaging studies are carried out to quantify cellular motilities for each cell type, substrate, and surface treatment of interest. 3D scaffold mechanics is investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), while their absorption kinetics are determined by confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) for a series of hydrated hydrogel films prepared from prepolymers with different homopolymer-to-monomer (Mr ) ratios. The observations reveal that the inks with higher Mr values yield relatively more open-mesh gels due to a lower degree of entanglement. The biocompatibility of printed hydrogel scaffolds can be controlled by both PLL content and hydrogel mesh properties.
Fully dynamic algorithms for maintaining all-pairs shortest paths and transitive closure in digraphs (2003)

This paper presents the first fully dynamic algorithms for maintaining all-pairs shortest paths in digraphs with positive integer weights less than b. For approximate shortest paths with an error factor of (2+/spl epsiv/), for any positive constant /spl epsiv/, the amortized update time is O(n/sup 2/ log/sup 2/ n/log log n); for an error factor of (1+/spl epsiv/) the amortized update time is O(n/sup 2/ log/sup 3/ (bn)//spl epsiv//sup 2/). For exact shortest paths the amortized update time is O(n/sup 2.5/ /spl radic/(b log n)). Query time for exact and approximate shortest distances is O(1); exact time and approximate paths can be generated in time proportional to their lengths. Also presented is a fully dynamic transitive closure algorithm with update time O(n/sup 2/ log n) and query time O(1). The previously known fully dynamic transitive closure algorithm with fast query time has one-sided error and update time O(n/sup 2.28/). The algorithms use simple data structures, and are deterministic.
Effects of Resin Hydrophilicity on Dentin Bond Strength (2006)

The purpose of this study was to determine if hydrophobic resins can be coaxed into dentin wet with ethanol instead of water. The test hypothesis was that dentin wet with ethanol would produce higher bond strengths for hydrophobic resins than would dentin wet with water. This study examined the microtensile bond strength of 5 experimental adhesives (50 wt% ethanol/50% comonomers) of various degrees of hydrophilicity to acid-etched dentin that was left moist with water, moist with ethanol, or air-dried. Following composite buildups, hourglass-shaped slabs were prepared from the bonded teeth for microtensile testing. For all 3 types of dentin surfaces, higher bond strengths were achieved with increased resin hydrophilicity. The lowest bond strengths were obtained on dried dentin, while the highest bond strengths were achieved when dentin was bonded moist with ethanol. Wet-bonding with ethanol achieved higher bond strengths with hydrophobic resins than were possible with water-saturated matrices.