gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience with ADAM synthesis system (1989)

The ADAM synthesis system consists of two major subsystems: the program tools which synthesize RTL designs from behavioral descriptions and the prediction tools which guide the designer in exploring the design space for a good design. In this paper, we demonstrate the necessity for predictions in narrowing the search space. With the aid of an example, we describe the interaction of a designer with the two subsystems in designing an RTL implementation which maximizes performance while meeting a given area constraint.
Overcoming memory contention in a digital scan converter (1982)

The problem of memory contention in digital scan converters (DSC) is discussed. The role of the microprocessor in DSC design is examined, and the importance of uninterrupted display in the development and use of image-processing algorithms is stressed. The drawbacks inherent in interrupt and in direct memory access are pointed out and an elegant scheme using the CPU ‘READY’ feature is suggested as an alternative, cycles during which memory contention could occur are predictable, and during these cycles the CPU is prevented from addressing the store. A specific implementation is described using the TMS9900 microprocessor in a DSC displaying sector-scanned sonar images. Timing problems are discussed in detail.
Passive, lightweight thermal solutions for Remote Radio Head (RRH) electronics (2008)

The ever-increasing size of wireless networks has led to the development of new base station architectures. Traditional telecommunication base stations have baseband and radio-frequency (RF) components mounted inside an air-conditioned hut with co-axial cables transmitting signals to remote antennas. The industry is moving to distributed network and remote radio head (RRH) architectures where the baseband components are digitally connected to a group of RF components mounted on top of antenna towers. Operators who maintain these units typically desire a lightweight, low-volume passive thermal solution. Thermal issues are challenging with power amplifier (PA) powers ranging from 100-200 Watts. Traditional base station heat sinks that cool high-powered PA's are made of a die-cast aluminum material having a low thermal conductivity. This paper introduces a unique two-phase heat spreader technology to improve the thermal performance of die-cast aluminum heat sinks used in RRH application. Experiments and CFD models were used to compare the thermal performance of baseline aluminum heat sinks to thermal solutions that included an embedded or directly-attach two-phase heat spreader. Results are presented that show a heat sink combined with a two-phase heat spreader solution can provide a 20% reduction in PA temperature or a 17% reduction in heat sink weight.
Providing location information in a ubiquitous computing environment (panel session) (1993)

To take full advantage of the promise of ubiquitous computing requires the use of location information, yet people should have control over who may know their whereabouts. We present an architecture that achieves these goals for an interesting set of applications. Personal information is managed by User Agents, and a partially decentralized Location Query Service is used to facilitate location-based operations. This architecture gives users primary control over their location information, at the cost of making more expensive certain queries, such as those wherein location and identity closely interact. We also discuss various extensions to our architecture that offer users additional trade-offs between privacy and efficiency. Finally, we report some measurements of the unextended system in operation, focusing on how well the system is actually able to track people. Our system uses two kinds of location information, which turn out to provide partial and complementary coverage.
The treatment of climacteric syndrome with tofizopam (Grandaxin). (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Review of epidemiological evidence for reproductive and hormonal factors in relation to the risk of epithelial ovarian malignancies (2004)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality related to gynecologic malignancies in Sweden but there is no current screening program. Based upon epidemiological research there is evidence that certain reproductive factors are associated with ovarian cancer risk. Most studies generally indicate that each childbirth incurs a 15-20% risk reduction. Women who have used oral contraceptives for 5 years or longer experience about half the risk of ovarian cancer compared with never users. Breastfeeding seems to be protective while age at menarche and at menopause are less consistent risk predictors. Tubal ligation and hysterectomy seem to reduce ovarian cancer risk by up to 80%. Although some studies found endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) to be positively related to ovarian cancer, the role of these factors is not yet established. Most recent studies observed an approximately 50% ovarian cancer risk increase among ever users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) compared with never users, and the risk increased further with long-term use. There is less information concerning separate estrogen and progestin effects of HRT and ovarian cancer risk. Although the cause of ovarian cancer remains obscure, hypotheses relating to "incessant" ovulation, excessive gonadotropin secretion, retrograde carcinogen transportation, apoptosis and estrogen/progestin imbalance have been invoked as etiological explanations. All these hypotheses find various epidemiological support. The aim of this review is to summarize the epidemiological findings on reproductive factors and ovarian cancer risk. These findings are considered in the context of etiologic hypotheses and some new research areas are suggested.
Metathesis of 1‐Butene to Propene over Mo/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@SBA‐15: Influence of Alumina Introduction Methods on Catalytic Performance (2015)

A series of Mo-based catalysts for 1-butene metathesis to propene were prepared by supporting Mo species on SBA-15 premodified with alumina. The effects of the method of introduction of the alumina guest to the host SBA-15 on the location of the Mo species and the corresponding metathesis activity were studied. As revealed by N2 adsorption isotherms and TEM results, well-dispersed alumina was formed on the pore walls of SBA-15 if the ammonia/water vapor induced hydrolysis (NIH) method was employed. The Mo species preferentially interacted with alumina instead of SBA-15, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. Furthermore, new Brønsted acid sites favorable for the dispersion of the Mo species and low-temperature metathesis activity were generated as a result of the effective synergy between the alumina and SBA-15. The Mo/Al2O3@SBA-15 catalyst prepared by the NIH method showed higher metathesis activity and stability under the conditions of 120 °C, 0.1 MPa, and 1.5 h(-1) than catalysts prepared by other methods.
Back Page (2005)

The rapid growth of both fixed and wireless high speed networks have resulted to fundamental changes to the way of doing business and the lifestyle of people in many countries. Yet the economy of scale is such that the emphasis is on the densely populated areas. Many rural areas are not yet accessible to high speed networks owing to their remote locations and / or sparse population.
Race detection for Android applications (2014)

Programming environments for smartphones expose a concurrency model that combines multi-threading and asynchronous event-based dispatch. While this enables the development of efficient and feature-rich applications, unforeseen thread interleavings coupled with non-deterministic reorderings of asynchronous tasks can lead to subtle concurrency errors in the applications.
Preparation of a Multilayered Film of Ultrathin Poly(tetraallylammonium bromide) Network (1993)

Abstract A multilayered film of two-dimensionally cross linked poly(tetraallylammonium bromide) was prepared using a cast film of bilayers of a double-chain ammonium amphiphile as template. This film displayed unique electrochemical properties.
Nonlinear Optoacoustic Underwater Sound Source (1988)

Certain nonlinear optoacoustic generation processes at the water surface were investigated, using a Nd:glass laser operating at a wavelength of 1.0611 as the optical energy source. A new theoretical model called the equilibrium blast model was developed based on the hydrodynamic equations of equilibrium. The conditions at the shock fronts are determined by the maximum entropy condition, and the distribution of energy within the blast is assumed to be through thermal conduction. The model predictions were compared with experimental data. From the experimental results, three distinct processes have been identified: the weak blast, the thermal conduction limited blast, and the emission limited blast. The last deserves further study from a basic physics point of view and from an applications standpoint.
Thermoinactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus and Cytomegalovirus (1965)

Plummer, Gordon (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.), and Brian Lewis. Thermoinactivation of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. J. Bacteriol. 89:671-674. 1965.-The stability of herpes simplex virus and of human cytomegalovirus at 4, 22, 36, and 50 C was studied. A plateau or lag phase, during which no loss of viability was detected, was a constant feature of the inactivation curves of herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus at 36 and 22 C and of herpesvirus at 4 C. Unlike herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus was repeatedly found to be less stable at 4 C (and at 10 C) than at room temperature (22 C). Extracellular herpesvirus harvested from the supernatant culture fluid seemed to be more stable than intracellular virus obtained by sonic disintegration of the infected cells. Serum had a stabilizing effect at 36 C on both intracellular and extracellular virus.
Reclamation of Semi-Arid Rangeland with Biosolids: Fifteen Years of Research at Albuquerque, New Mexico (2001)

Reclamation of Semi-Arid Rangeland with Biosolids: Fifteen Years of Research at Albuquerque, New MexicoFaced with anticipated stringent federal regulation of biosolids disposal and with the imminent loss of their leased biosolids disposal area near the municipal landfill, the Albuquerque Wastewater Utility Division beginning in 1985 participated in a program of joint research with the US Forest Service (USFS) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, examining the potential for using...Author(s)J. Steven GlassSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 16: Biosolids Land ApplicationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2001ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20010101)2001:1L.1000;1-DOI10.2175/193864701784993335Volume / Issue2001 / 1Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)1000 - 1010Copyright2001Word count136
Volatile Compounds Generated from Thermal Interactions of Inosine-5′-monophosphate and Alliin or Deoxyalliin (1994)

Alliin and deoxyalliin, two important nonvolatile flavor precursors of garlic, were reacted separately with inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP) in an aqueous solution at pH 7.5 in a closed sample cylinder at 180 °C for one hour. The volatile compounds generated were isolated by using a modified Likens-Nickerson (L-N) distillation-solvent extraction apparatus, and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The isolate from the interaction of alliin and IMP possessed slightly fried garlic-like flavor with a roasted meaty character; the isolate from the interaction of deoxyalliin and IMP possessed a pungent garlic flavor with roasted notes. Several pyrazines were identified from both alliin-IMP and deoxyalliin-IMP model systems. Pyrazines, especially methylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine; thiazoles, especially 2-propylthiazole and 2-ethyl-4-propylthiazole; and pyrrole were found to be the predominant volatile interaction products of alliin and IMP. Pyrazines, especially 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and trimethylpyrazine were found to be the predominant volatile interaction products of deoxyalliin and IMP. Some thiazoles together with some pyrazines, thiophenes, ketones, furans and cyclic sulfur-containing compounds could contribute to the roasted meat-like flavor in the model systems.
Understanding biology by reverse engineering the control (2005)

Faced with the problem of controlling a physical system, an engineer will identify a model for the system, and then use this model to design a process for automatically actuating some of the system's input signals in order that the behavior of the system follows a desired profile. The most common control processes use feedback. Consider the example of designing an autopilot function that controls an aircraft to fly at constant altitude (see Fig. 1). A mathematical model of the aircraft dynamics (the plant) is designed, which describes how the aircraft's altitude, pitch, and roll angles (the outputs) change when the elevators, ailerons, and throttle (the inputs) are manipulated. By using sensors to measure the outputs, the engineer uses the model to calculate how these measurements should be employed to automatically adjust the inputs, so that if the aircraft deviates off course, it is guided, quickly and smoothly, back to the desired altitude. This function, which maps the measurements to the input adjustment through the feedback path, is known as the controller. The signal that carries the desired profile is fed into the system in the feedforward path. The entire system composed of the functional parts plant, feedback, feedforward, and controller is referred to as the closed loop system. The hallmark of a good feedback control design is a resulting closed loop system that is stable and robust to modeling errors and parameter variation in the plant and achieves a desired output value quickly without unduly large actuation signals at the plant input. Some insightful recent papers advocate a similar modular decomposition of biological systems according to the well defined functional parts used in engineering (1–5) and, specifically, engineering control theory (6–10). Yi et al. (6) reported that adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis (11) appears to use …
Fifteen‐count breathlessness score: An objective measure for children (2000)

Breathlessness is an important symptom of respiratory disease and its quantification is useful, especially during exercise testing. However, measures of perceived breathlessness are not readily understood by children and are somewhat subjective. We studied an objective score: the 15-count breathlessness score, in which subjects take a deep breath and then count out loud to 15; the number of breaths taken to complete the count is the score. Fifty-four children with cystic fibrosis (CF) performed a standard 6-min walk and 3-min step test (30 steps/min for 3 min). The 15-count score was compared with the modified Borg scale after exercise. A further 45 children with CF and 33 healthy schoolchildren underwent an incremental step test (20, 30, and then 40 steps/min for 2 min each), using the 15-count score, then the Borg scale, and then a standard visual analogue score between increments. The 15-count score was significantly increased after both the walk and the step test (P < 0.0001), although the step test made children significantly more breathless than the walk test (P < 0.0001). At baseline, there were no differences in any of the breathlessness scores between the CF and normal children. After the full 6 min of the incremental step test, CF children were significantly more breathless than the normal children, as measured by 15-count (P < 0.0001), Borg (P < 0.0005), and visual analogue scores (P < 0.0005). All scores increased significantly as exercise intensity increased over time, but the slope estimates were significantly greater for CF patients than for normal children (P < 0.0005). The 15-count score has been evaluated as an objective measure of breathlessness. It is easy to explain and perform, and can be used by any child capable of counting fluently to 15 in any language. It is best used in conjunction with a subjective score, and either the Borg scale or a visual analogue score is appropriate. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000; 30:56–62. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cytochrome P4502E1 sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor alpha–induced liver injury through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in mice (2007)

These results show that CYP2E1 sensitizes liver hepatocytes to LPS or TNF-alpha and that the CYP2E1-enhanced LPS or TNF-alpha injury, oxidant stress, and mitochondrial injury is JNK or p38 MAPK dependent.
Genetic Algorithms in Optimization, Simulation and Modeling (1994)

From the Publisher:
This book examines the implementation and applications of genetic algorithms (GA) to the domain of AI. In recent years the trend towards, real world applications is fgaining ground especially in GA. The general purpose nature of GA is examined from an interdiciplinary point of view. Despite the differences that may exist in between representations across domain problems the commonality of in the design of GA is upheld. This work provides an overview of the current developments in Europe a section is devoted to the progrmamming of Parallel Genetic Algorithms (including GAME) and a section on Optimisation and Complex Modelling. Readers: researchers in AI, mathematics and computing.
Evaluation of the Measurement Performance of the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (1999)

The performance of the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS, TSI Model 3934) and the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS, TSI Model 3310A) were evaluated to assess their ability to obtain mass concentrations from near real-time particle number concentration measurements made as a function of particle size. Tests were performed by generating monodisperse (polystyrene latex microspheres, 0.05-9.20 mu m) and polydisperse aerosols (potassium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) U 0.16-0.30 mu m) and comparing mass concentrations determined by the SMPS and APS, with concentrations measured gravimetrically on Teflon filters. Previous performance evaluation tests of these instruments has focused primarily on their ability to measure particle number concentrations (Kinney et al. 1991; Wang and Flagan 1990) or mass concentrations of polydisperse aerosols with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of about 0.7-2.5 mu m (Peters et al. 1993). Findings from the monodisperse aerosol tests indicate that the mass concentrations obtained by the APS compared similarly to those obtained using the gravimetric method for particle sizes between 0.5-9.2 mu m. Similarly, SMPS measurements were in good agreement with the gravimetric analysis for particle sizes between 0.3-0.5 mu m. However, for particles less than 0.30 mu m, the SMPS overestimated their mass concentrations by a factor of 1.5-1.6. Tests using polydisperse aerosols showed that at particle size ranges from 0.09-0.18 mu m and from 0.18-0.29 mu m, the SMPS also overestimated mass concentrations.
Surfactant Dewatering of Production and Gas Storage Wells (2003)

Abstract Surfactant dewatering of gas wells is a method best used in an operating envelope determined by existing gas flow rates, well bore inner diameters, pressures and temperatures. Baker Petrolite has designed a computer model to determine this operating envelope. The methodology can help delay costly mechanical dewatering methods yet still maintain production in the field. Case studies for both production and gas storage wells will be discussed.
Surface modification of ASTM F-1537 Co-Cr alloy by low temperature plasma surface alloying (2013)

Altered levels of endothelial markers in the plasma, in the presence of normal levels of d-dimer, suggest that endothelial dysfunction may precede the occurrence of intravascular coagulation and thrombosis in patients with functionally univentricular physiology. These observations may have therapeutical implications.
A Controlled Prospective Study of DSM-IIIN Adjustment Disorder in Childhood (1994)

Among psychiatrically referred youths, the diagnosis of AD has clinical information value and identifies a syndromatic presentation that can be the focus of concern or treatment. It has a reasonably good short-term prognosis, in spite of the fact that patients with this diagnosis typically present with comorbid specific psychiatric disorders. Controlling for the effects of comorbidity, AD does not predict later dysfunction. To achieve a convergence of findings from research and clinical practice, it would be important to ensure a uniform application of specific, operational diagnostic criteria for AD.
Time‐resolved MR angiography with limited projections (2007)

A method for reconstruction of time-resolved MRI called highly-constrained backprojection (HYPR) has been developed. To evaluate the HYPR reconstruction in relation to data sparsity and temporal dynamics, computer simulations were performed, investigating signal modulations under different situations that reflect dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA). In vivo studies were also performed with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) for abdominal MRA in a canine model to demonstrate the application of HYPR for three-dimensional (3D) time-resolved MRA. When contrast dynamics vary over space, large vessels (e.g., veins) tend to introduce signal interference to small vessels (e.g., arteries) in HYPR, particularly when the vessels are in close proximity. The enhancement of background tissue signals may also alter the arterial and venous temporal profiles in HYPR. However, the artifacts are manifest as intensity modulation rather than structural interference, and therefore have little impact on structural diagnosis. Increasing the number of projections per time point increases temporal blur while reducing corruption of temporal behavior from adjacent tissues. Uniformly interleaved acquisition order, such as the bit-reversed order, is important to reduce artifacts. With high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited artifacts, HYPR reconstruction has potential to greatly improve time-resolved MRA in clinical practice.
Conical scan polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2014)

We report on a new articular cartilage imaging technique with potential for clinical arthroscopic use, by supplementing the variable-incidence-angle polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography method previously developed by us with a conical beam scan protocol. The technique is validated on bovine tendon by comparing experimental data with simulated data generated using the extended Jones matrix calculus. A unique capability of this new optical technique is that it can locate the "brushing direction" of collagen fibers in articular cartilage, which is structural information that extends beyond established methods such as split-line photography or birefringent fast-axis measurement in that it is uniquely defined over the full azimuthal-angle range of (-π, + π). The mapping of this direction over the cartilage surface may offer insights into the optimal design of tissue-engineering scaffolds for cartilage repair.