gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New insights into the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease: are they relevant for therapeutic options? (2009)

During the last few years significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease has been proven by identification of variations as risk factor NOD2/CARD15. Functional data on NOD2/CARD15 and NF-kappaB activation indicate that an inflammatory reaction of the intestinal mucosa, as an immediate response of the innate immune system, may be necessary for the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Crohn's disease is now also discussed as an impaired and inadequate immune reaction and no longer only as a hyper-responsiveness of the mucosal immune system. Data on NOD2/CARD15 expression suggest that macrophages and epithelial cells could be the locus of the primary pathophysiological defect and that T-cell activation might just be a secondary effect inducing chronification of the inflammation, perhaps as backup mechanism to insufficient innate immunity. In addition to NOD2/CARD15 there are more "innate" pathways by which commensal and pathogenic bacteria can directly be hindered to invade the human body (such as interaction with Toll like receptors, TLRs and defensins). The "germ-concept" and the "genetic concept" of IBD pathophysiology are converging. However, more time is needed until these important insights in IBD pathogenesis will make their way into routine diagnostic procedures and treatment of patients with IBD.
NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SECTION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (1939)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
THE ROLE OF DESERT SHRUB SIZE AND SPACING ON WIND PROFILE PARAMETERS (1991)

Wind flow above desert surfaces is modified by shrubs, which slow the wind by friction. This study examines the effect of shrub size and spacing on the shape of wind profiles measured above shrubs at sites in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. The profile data were reduced to determine the values of the profile parameters, which are the zero plane displacement, d, and aerodynamic roughness parameter, z0. The results show that d is above the tops of the shrubs and z0 is small, indicating that the wind is effectively skimming over the shrubs and encountering little friction from the ground surface and the shrubs. No discernible pattern in the variation of d with shrub spacing is found, though z0 decreases with shrub spacing in a manner consistent with previous studies.
Deficiency of volume-regulated ClC-3 chloride channel attenuates cerebrovascular remodelling in DOCA-salt hypertension (2013)

Our findings suggest that ClC-3 deficiency attenuates cerebrovascular remodelling possibly via the suppression of MMPs/TIMP expression and TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathway in this hypertension.
Organoaluminum-Promoted Cyclization of Olefinic Epoxides. A New and Stereoselective Approach to Cyclohexane Frameworks (1997)

Abstract A new, general synthetic method of six-membered carbocycles has been demonstrated, which involves the stereocontrolled cyclization of olefinic epoxides with methylaluminum bis(4-bromo-2,6-di-t-butylphenoxide) (MABR) via the epoxide rearrangement and subsequent intramolecular ene reaction with high stereoselectivity. This strategy is shown to be highly useful in the stereoselective synthesis of the basic skeleton of various terpenes.
Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A dephosphorylates eIF‐4E and does not alter binding to the mRNA cap (1992)

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the 25 kDa mRNA cap binding protein eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E) is regulated during different physiologic and pathophysiologic states that include cell growth and the late phase of adenovirus infection. We have found that okadaic acid is much more effective in increasing the phosphorylated fraction of eIF-4E than phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in Hep G2 cells. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A dephosphorylated eIF-4E isolated from both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- or okadaic acid-treated cells, whereas alkaline and acid phosphatase were relatively ineffective. The ability of purified [35S]eIF-4E isolated from okadaic acid-treated cells to bind mRNA caps was compared to phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A-treated [35S]eIF-4E and found to be no different. This suggests that alternative explanations for the previously observed effects of eIF-4E phosphorylation on protein synthesis must be considered. In addition, our results indicate that the in vivo phosphorylation of eIF-4E is not catalyzed solely by protein kinase C.
Welding Colloidal Crystals with Carbon Dioxide (2004)

The effect of CO2 on the welding kinetics for a PS colloidal crystal was determined by in-situ measurement of Bragg diffraction and by ex-situ SEM microscopy. The welds grow tangentially from the points of contact of the spheres in all directions transforming the spheres into a continuous film. The dissolved CO2 provides the mobility for the polymer chains at the interface needed for welding, which removes the energetically unfavorable interfacial area between the polymer and CO2. At high pressures where CO2 is relatively incompressible, the relaxation time for welding increased by 6 orders of magnitude with an increase in thermal energy, and a glass transition temperature was observed. At constant temperature, an anomalous increase in the welding rate by 1−2 orders of magnitude with a decrease in pressure was observed in the region where CO2 is highly compressible. It is likely that this increase in welding dynamics is influenced by the excess CO2 in the interfacial region.
Spam Blocking with a Dynamically Updated Firewall Ruleset (2002)

In this paper, we detail our methods for controlling spam at a small ISP, reducing both resource usage and customer complaints. We will discuss our initial unsuccessful tactics, and the resulting development of our unique spam blocking system. Deny-Spammers classifies hosts as probable spammers and inserts those hosts into a dynamically updated firewall ruleset on our mail server, thereby effectively blocking the host from making an SMTP connection to our mail server. Our analysis demonstrates that this has been effective in reducing the amount of spam that our customers receive, and the burden on our limited resources.
RNA Interference Targeting STIM1 Suppresses Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation in the Rat (2008)

Our objective was to study the expression and function of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), an endoplasmic reticulum protein recently identified as the calcium sensor that regulated Ca(2+)-released activated channels in T cells. STIM1 was found to be upregulated in serum-induced proliferating human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs) as well as in the neointima of injured rat carotid arteries. Growth factors-induced proliferation was significantly lower in hCASMC transfected with STIM1 siRNA than in those transfected with scrambled siRNA (increase relative to 0.1% S: 116 +/- 12% and 184 +/- 16%, respectively, P < 0.01). To assess the role of STIM1 in preventing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation in vivo, we infected balloon-injured rat carotid arteries with an adenoviral vector expressing a short hairpin (sh) RNA against rat STIM1 mRNA (Ad-shSTIM1). Intima/media ratios reflecting the degree of restenosis were significantly lower in Ad-shSTIM1- infected arteries than in Ad-shLuciferase-infected arteries (0.34 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.11, P < 0.006). Finally, we demonstrated that silencing STIM1 prevents activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell). In conclusion, STIM1 appears as a major regulator of in vitro and in vivo VSMC proliferation, representing a novel and original pharmacological target for prominent vascular proliferative diseases.
1. Appetite Suppressant Activity of Supplemental Dietary Amino Acids and Subsequent Compensatory Growth of Broilers (2001)

This study was conducted to take advantage of the appetite-suppressant effect of excessive dietary amino acids in reducing feed intake and, in turn, restricting the early rapid growth of broilers to minimize metabolic disorders. Dietary amino acids were supplemented to a basal diet to yield a total of 1.57, 2.57, and 3.57% His; 2.7, 4.3, and 5.9% Lys; 1.36, 2.16, and 2.96% Met; 2.8, 3.8, and 4.8% Thr; and 1.27, 2.27, and 3.27% Trp and were fed to 408 chicks from 4 to 11 d of age. Fifteen dietary treatments of His, Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were compared to the basal diet. Feed consumption was measured daily. Body weight measurements were taken at 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 21 d. At 21 d, pectoralis major and minor muscles, liver, and abdominal fat pad were weighed. High levels of Met and His caused the greatest depression in appetite from 4 to 11 d, and Thr, Trp, and Lys were found to be less potent. The exponential growth rate (EGR) of birds from 4 to 11 d of age was significantly reduced by the intermediate and high levels of the amino acid supplementation. From 11 to 14 d, EGR was greatest with high levels of Met or Trp, indicating more potential compensatory growth realized with these treatments. The high level of His decreased the percentage of pectoralis minor muscle yield, whereas the high level of Lys and Met increased the percentage of liver compared to those fed the basal diet. These results indicate that it is possible to use excessive individual amino acids in diets to suppress the appetite and early rapid growth to alleviate or minimize metabolic disorders.
New Principles in Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry (2006)

Hard-core drugs: Recent structural and spectroscopic studies demonstrate the versatility of organometallic drug candidates, for example, as novel protein kinase inhibitors and hormone-independent breast cancer prodrugs. The presence of a transition-metal center in such systems allows both the organization of ligands in 3D space (see picture) and the control of redox-activation processes in biological systems.
Speech enhancement in transient noise environment using diffusion filtering (2010)

Recently, we have presented a transient noise reduction algorithm for speech signals that relies on non-local diffusion filtering. By exploiting the repetitive nature of transient noises we proposed a simple and efficient algorithm, which enabled suppression of various noise types. In this paper, we incorporate a modified diffusion operator in order to obtain a more robust algorithm and further enhancement of the speech. We demonstrate the performance of the modified algorithm and compare it with a competing solution. We show that the proposed algorithm enables improved suppression of various transient interferences without any further computational burden.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Dependent Development of Human Frontal Cortex (2004)

The mammalian cerebral cortex is characterized by complex patterns of anatomical and functional areas that differ markedly between species, but the molecular basis for this functional subdivision is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutations in GPR56, which encodes an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a large extracellular domain, cause a human brain cortical malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is characterized by disorganized cortical lamination that is most severe in frontal cortex. Our data suggest that GPCR signaling plays an essential role in regional development of human cerebral cortex.
Cancer-testis antigens are commonly expressed in multiple myeloma and induce systemic immunity following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2006)

Immunotherapies using cancer-testis (CT) antigens as targets represent a potentially useful treatment in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who commonly show recurrent disease following chemotherapy. We analyzed the expression of 11 CT antigens in bone marrow samples from patients with MM (n=55) and healthy donors (n=32) using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CT antigens were frequently expressed in MM with 56% (MAGEC2), 55% (MAGEA3), 35% (SSX1), 20% (SSX4, SSX5), 16% (SSX2), 15% (BAGE), 7% (NY-ESO-1), and 6% (ADAM2, LIPI) expressing the given antigen. Importantly, CT antigens were not expressed in healthy bone marrow. Analyzing patients with MM (n=66) for antibody responses against MAGEA3, SSX2, and NY-ESO-1, we found strong antibody responses against CT antigens preferentially in patients who had received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Antibody responses against NY-ESO-1 correlated with NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against peptide NY-ESO-1(51-62) and CD4+ responses against NY-ESO-1(121-140) in 1 of these patients. These allogeneic immune responses were not detectable in pretransplantation samples and in the patients' stem cell donors, indicating that CT antigens might indeed represent natural targets for graft-versus-myeloma effects. Immune responses induced by alloSCT could be boosted by active CT antigen-specific immunotherapy, which might help to achieve long-lasting remissions in patients with MM.
Acyl esters from oxo‐derived hydroxymethylstearates as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (1975)

Abstract Hydroxymethylstearates were made by hydroformylation or oxo reaction of mono‐ and polyunsaturated fats and esters with either rhodium‐triphenylphosphine or cobalt carbonyl catalysts. Rhodium‐oxo products were hydrogenated with nickel catalyst, whereas, cobalt‐oxo products were heated directly under hydrogen pressure. Hydroxymethyl fatty alcohols also were prepared by a two‐step copper‐chromite hydrogenation of hydroformylated linseed fatty esters. Of these hydroxymethyl compounds, 39 were converted to their acetates and other acyloxy derivatives and then evaluated as primary plasticizers for polyvinylchloride. For compounds with good compatibility, methyl 9(10)‐acetoxymethylstearate and 9(10)‐acetoxymethyloctadecyl acetate gave the lowest flex temperature (−47 C). An unusual combination of good compatibility and low flex temperature was obtained with 2‐methoxyethyl 9(10)‐acetoxymethylstearate. Addition of more than one acetoxymethyl group in the fatty acid molecule, made possible by rhodium hydroformylation, imparted good compatibility and outstanding permanence (low migration and volatility) but raised flex temperature. Butyl diacetoxymethylstearate, methyl triacetoxymethylstearate, and polyacetoxymethyloctadecyl acetate from linseed esters displayed good compatibility, strength, and volatility characteristics. As glycerides, acetoxymethylated safflower and linseed oils produced good compatibility and outstanding permanence, better than esters commonly used as commercial plasticizers.
The limits of digital testing for dynamic circuits (2003)

Dynamic circuits are faster and have a different circuit topology from their static counterparts. These topological differences require changes in fault modeling and test strategies. Digital testing, while adequate far static logic, misses numerous faults in dynamic circuits due to the implicit assumptions surrounding the stuck-at fault model. A fault model reduction technique was employed which simplifies large circuits without loss of information on the ways that circuits can fail. Numerous faults were singly inserted and possible faulty operation was analyzed. The faults missed by digital testing are detailed and alternative test strategies are discussed. In many cases significant dynamic circuit robustness is lost due to faults which are digitally undetectable.
Reactions of carbonyl diisocyanate with amides and acids (1986)

Abstract Carbonyl diisocyanate ( 1 ) reacts with primary amides to give 1‐acylated isocyanuric acids ( 5,6 ). With secondary amides, 1 affords the rather instable oxadiazinediones 4 , which for certain substituents rearrange to give triazines ( 5,10 ). With nucleophiles, compounds 4 give oligourets, e.g. with ureas pentaurets ( 11,12 ) were obtained. Carbonyl diisocyanate reacts with hydrogen halides to afford the crystalline urea‐1,3‐dicarbonyl halides 13a – c . Diverse products ( 16,17,24,26 ) were obtained with carboxylic acids. In most cases oxadiazinediones ( 26 ) were isolated, which can be transformed with nucleophiles into acyl ureas 30,31 , biurets 32 , and triurets 33 . Acetylation of 26 leads to the reactive heterocycles 34 .
Prognostic value of lymph node ratio and extramural vascular invasion on survival for patients undergoing curative colon cancer resection (2015)

This study demonstrated, in the presence of high surgical, oncology and pathological standards, EMVI and increasing LNR were independent predictors of decreased overall and disease-free survival for patients undergoing curative colon cancer resection. LNR was superior to pN stage in predicting overall and disease-free survival.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1α,25-Dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D<sub>3</sub> and 1α,25-Dihydroxy-18,19-dinorvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (1996)

1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18,19-dinorvitamin D3 were prepared via Wittig-Horner coupling of 25-hydroxy-18-nor Grundmann type ketone with the corresponding A-ring phosphine oxides. Configuration at C-13 in the 18-nor Grundmann type alcohol (C,D-ring synthon), obtained by oxidative degradation of vitamin D3, was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations. Additional proof of the assigned trans-C/D-junction of the key intermediate 18-nor Grundmann type ketone follows from its chiroptical properties (circular dichroism data) and further chemical transformations. 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 was found more potent than 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in binding to the porcine intestinal vitamin D receptor (5-10x), in differentiation of HL-60 cells (5-10x), and in inhibition of HL-60 proliferation. 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxy-18, 19-dinorvitamin D3 appeared equally active as 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in these activities. In vivo, 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18-norvitamin D3 was only slightly less active than 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization, while 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-18,19-dinorvitamin D3 showed activities 10 times lower. These studies imply that deletion of C-18 does not impair activity of analogs of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Translation Inhibition by Rocaglates Is Independent of eIF4E Phosphorylation Status (2015)

Rocaglates are natural products that inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotes and exhibit antineoplastic activity. In vitro biochemical assays, affinity chromatography experiments coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, and in vivo genetic screens have identified eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A as a direct molecular target of rocaglates. eIF4A is the RNA helicase subunit of eIF4F, a complex that mediates cap-dependent ribosome recruitment to mRNA templates. The eIF4F complex has been implicated in tumor initiation and maintenance through elevated levels or increased phosphorylation status of its cap-binding subunit, eIF4E, thus furthering the interest toward developing rocaglates as antineoplastic agents. Recent experiments have indicated that rocaglates also interact with prohibitins 1 and 2, proteins implicated in c-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling. Because increased ERK signaling stimulates eIF4E phosphorylation status, rocaglates are also expected to inhibit eIF4E phosphorylation status, a point that has not been thoroughly investigated. It is currently unknown whether the effects on translation observed with rocaglates are solely through eIF4A inhibition or also a feature of blocking eIF4E phosphorylation. Here, we show that rocaglates inhibit translation through an eIF4E phosphorylation-independent mechanism.
Selective photocatalytic aerobic bromination with hydrogen bromide via an electron-transfer state of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (2011)

Photocatalytic bromination of aromatic hydrocarbons by molecular oxygen with hydrogen bromide occurs efficiently to produce monobrominated products selectively using 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+–Mes) as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Both the product yield and selectivity for the bromination of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene were 100% with a quantum yield of 4.8%. The photocatalytic turnover number is 900 based on the initial concentration of Acr+–Mes. The reactive radical intermediates involved in the photocatalytic cycle have been successfully detected by laser flash photolysis measurements. The photocatalytic bromination is initiated by photoinduced electron transfer from the mesitylene moiety to the singlet excited state of acridinium ion, which results in formation of the electron-transfer state of Acr+–Mes (Acr˙–Mes˙+), followed by electron transfer from aromatic hydrocarbons to the mesitylene radical cation moiety and electron transfer from the acridinyl radical moiety to O2. The resulting radical cations of aromatic hydrocarbons react with Br− to produce the corresponding monobrominated products selectively.
Simplex meshes: a general representation for 3D shape reconstruction (1994)

Simplex meshes are simply connected meshes that are topologically dual of triangulations. In a previous work we have introduced the Simplex mesh representation for performing recognition of partially occluded smooth objects (ICCV'93, p.103-12). In this paper, we present a physically-based approach for recovering three-dimensional objects, based on the geometry of Simplex meshes. Elastic behavior is modelled by local stabilizing functionals, controlling the mean curvature through the Simplex angle extracted at each vertex. Those functionals are viewpoint-invariant, intrinsic and scale-sensitive. Unlike deformable surfaces defined on regular grids, Simplex meshes are highly adaptive structures, and we have developed a refinement process for increasing the mesh resolution at highly curved or inaccurate parts. Furthermore, operations for connecting Simplex meshes are performed to recover complex models from parts with simpler shapes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adrenal Cortical Activity in Depressive Illness (1971)

The authors investigated four aspects of central control of adrenal cortical activity and three aspects of peripheral metabolism. Their results suggest that the central control mechanisms function normally during depression, but the peripheral measures of cortisol activity revealed interesting abnormalities. During depression, both the production rate and the metabolic clearance rate were elevated, but a normal 24-hour mean plasma cortisol concentration was maintained. On recovery, the production rate fell while the metabolic clearance rate remained high, resulting in a low plasma cortisol concentration. The authors also discuss the implications of investigating cortisol dynamics with radio-isotope dilution methods.