gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cDNA cloning and expression of oxysterol-binding protein, an oligomer with a potential leucine zipper (1989)

Feedback repression of the genes encoding the low density lipoprotein receptor and several enzymes of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is mediated by 25-hydroxycholesterol and other oxysterols. In this study, we have cloned a rabbit cDNA encoding an oxysterol-binding protein that may play a role in this regulation. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed a protein of 809 amino acids with two distinctive features: 1) a glycine- and alanine-rich region (63% of 80 residues) at the NH2 terminus, and 2) a 35-residue leucine zipper motif that may mediate the previously observed oligomerization of the protein. When transfected into simian COS cells, the rabbit cDNA produced a protein that exhibited the same affinity and specificity for sterols as the previously purified hamster liver protein. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the rabbit cDNA encodes both the 96- and 101-kilodalton forms of the oxysterol-binding protein that were previously observed. The availability of an expressible cDNA for the oxysterol-binding protein should help elucidate its role in sterol metabolism.
Type-I Interband Cascade Lasers Near 3.2µm (2015)

Interband cascade lasers with type-I InGaAsSb/AlAsSb quantum well active regions were demonstrated. Ridge-waveguide devices exhibit room-temperature continuous-wave emission at 3.2μm, providing a potential alternative to quantum cascade and diode lasers in this wavelength range.
Web Servers (2010)

The web server in Mac OS X is as versatile, stable, and scalable as you are likely to find in any operating system. Apple built the web server using the highly modular Apache server that kick started the Web as we know it, now with more than 100 million web sites and serving up more than half the web sites in the world. The maturity of the product is unparalleled, and the care Apple takes to integrate it is painstaking to say the least. Because Mac OS X Server comes preloaded with Apache, this chapter will focus wholly on that product.
<title>Optoelectronic properties of photodiodes for the mid-and far-infrared based on the InAs/GaSb/AlSb materials family</title> (2001)

The optoelectronic properties of short-period InAs/(GaIn)Sb superlattices (SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates are discussed. We report on the optimization of the SL materials properties with special emphasis on the use for infrared detection devices. The materials quality is evaluated by using high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In- plane magneto-transport investigations were performed applying mobility spectrum analysis. The SL diodes were analyzed performing standard electro-optical measurements. The observation of resonances in the I-V curves in the regime of Zener-tunneling due to Wannier-Stark localization opens a new tool for the electrical investigation of photodiodes with low band gap energy. The status of the processing technology is reported demonstrating the feasibility for the fabrication of 256 X 256 focal plane arrays operating in the 8-to-12 micrometers atmospheric window. In addition, results are given for mid-infrared SL-diodes, grown with lattice matched AlGaAsSb barriers instead in the binary InAs/GaSb SL system.
Aqueous dissociation of squaric acid (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous dissociation of squaric acidLowell M. Schwartz and Leland O. HowardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 25, 4374–4377Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100719a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100719a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Promising Agents and Clinical Issues (1991)

The past 10 years have witnessed important advances in research on pharmacotherapy for alcoholism. Promising drugs are discussed under six headings: agents to treat alcohol withdrawal; anticraving agents; agents that make drinking an aversive experience; agents to alleviate concomitant psychiatric problems; agents to treat concurrent drug abuse; and amethystic ("sobering-up") agents. Research on the drug classes is summarized and clinical issues surrounding specific agents and alcoholism pharmacotherapy in general are discussed. Finally, long-range therapeutic implications of recent findings on the actions of alcohol on basic mechanisms of the brain are offered.
Catalytic growth rate enhancement of electron beam deposited iron films (1987)

Submicron (&lt;0.25 μm) wide lines of iron have been deposited by low-energy (0.5–3.0 keV) electron beam induced decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. Selective area thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl has also been demonstrated. It was found that under certain conditions, the thermal decomposition only occurred on areas where a thin iron film had been previously deposited by electron stimulated decomposition. At 125 °C, the measured thermal decomposition probability was roughly 900 times greater on the deposited iron than previously reported data show for thermal decomposition on bare silicon. Anomalously high deposition yields of 15 to 50 iron atoms per electron were measured during electron stimulated decomposition.
High-Speed Biologists Search for Gold in Proteins (2001)

Proteomics aims to chart the ebb and flow of tens of thousands of proteins at once to produce snapshots of life inside cells. For now, the technology isn't there. But this young field is growing up fast
Automatic discovery of named entity variants (2007)

Identification of transliterated names is a particularly difficult task of Named Entity Recognition (NER), especially in the Chinese context. Of all possible variations of transliterated named entities, the difference between PRC and Taiwan is the most prevalent and most challenging. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to the automatic extraction of diverging transliterations of foreign named entities by bootstrapping co-occurrence statistics from tagged and segmented Chinese corpus. Preliminary experiment yields promising results and shows its potential in NLP applications.
Intravenous Vitamin C and Cancer (2014)

There is limited high-quality clinical evidence on the safety and effectiveness of IVC. The existing evidence is preliminary and cannot be considered conclusive but is suggestive of a good safety profile and potentially important antitumor activity; however, more rigorous evidence is needed to conclusively demonstrate these effects. IVC may improve the quality of life and symptom severity of patients with cancer, and several cases of cancer remission have been reported. Well-designed, controlled studies of IVC therapy are needed.
A phase Ib/II, dose-escalating, safety, and efficacy study of imprime PGG and cetuximab in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). (2010)

e14103 Background: Imprime PGG (Imprime PGG Injection) is a beta-glucan polymer being developed for treatment of cancer in combination with complement-activating monoclonal antibodies. A sequential 2-arm study in CRC patients (pts) evaluated the effects of Imprime PGG administered in combination with cetuximab plus irinotecan (Arm 1) and in combination with cetuximab alone (Arm 2). Results of Arm 1 were previously reported (JCO 27, 2009; abstr e15062). Results of the recently completed Arm 2 are presented here. Methods: Pts with recurrent/progressive CRC (Karnofsky ≥ 70%) previously treated with 5-FU (alone or combined with other therapies) were treated weekly with cetuximab (loading dose 400 mg/m2, then 250 mg/m2) and Imprime PGG and were evaluated in 6-wk cycles. Imprime PGG dosing started at 2 mg/kg and escalated to 4 and 6 mg/kg after safety review. Safety (primary endpoint) was assessed by adverse events (AEs) and efficacy (secondary endpoint) by RECIST. Results: Imprime PGG was dosed in 4 pts at 2 mg/kg and in 9 pts each at 4 and 6 mg/kg. Median age was 57. Of the 22 pts enrolled, 1 pt was discontinued in Week 6 due to protocol violations and 21 pts completed the study. No protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicities were observed. AEs experienced by > 25% of pts included acneiform rash (82%); AST increase (50%), ALP increase, ALT increase, bilirubin increase, and leukocytosis (each 46%); bicarbonate decrease, hypokalemia, paronychia, and pedal edema (each 41%); dry skin and GGT increase (each 36%); anemia and uric acid increase (each 32%); and amylase increase, ANC increase, and hyponatremia (each 27%). No related grade 3 or 4 SAEs were reported. In the per protocol population (n = 21), the overall objective response rate (ORR) was 24% (5 pts), the stable disease rate (SD) was 38% (9 pts) and the disease control rate (ORR + SD) was 62% (13 pts). The median time to progression was 12 wks. Conclusions: Imprime PGG combined with cetuximab in CRC pts was safe and efficacy warrants further investigation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Biothera Biothera Biothera
Effect of tumor necrosis factor on epithelial tight junctions and transepithelial permeability. (1990)

The serum factor inducing hemorrhagic necrosis of transplantable tumors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)], and the macrophage hormone associated with cachexia in cancer and certain infectious diseases [cachectin] are known to be the same protein. Because an association may exist between TNF and the cachectic state, we wished to examine the effect of TNF on the permeability of epithelial barriers. We present data showing that TNF affects the tight junctional region between epithelial cells, lowering the transepithelial resistance and potential difference, and increasing the flow of solute between cells and across the epithelium. These effects are dose dependent, rapidly reversible, and inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha. We suggest that the release of TNF at various sites throughout the body will cause a general breakdown in the barrier function of an epithelial cell sheet. This may relate to the cachexia observed in certain disease states. These findings are similar to our earlier published effects of phorbol esters and diacylglycerols on tight junctions, suggesting that protein kinase C activation may be involved.
IP Multicast over Token-Ring Local Area Networks (1993)

This document specifies a method for the transmission of IP multicast datagrams over Token-Ring Local Area Networks. Although an interim solution has emerged and is currently being used, it is the intention of this document to specify a more efficient means of transmission using an assigned Token-Ring functional address.
T-cell repertoire and HIV infection (1997)

Objective: To determine the influence of heterozygosity for the A32 mutant CCR-5 allele on HIV-1 disease progression. Design: HIV-1 disease progression and serum viral load were analysed according to the C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)-5 genotype in 412 Caucasian patients (319 men and 93 women) with a known date of seroconversion, who were enrolled in the SEROCO cohort (median follow-up, 74 months). Results: The frequency of heterozygosity for the mutant allele was 17% and did not differ according to sex or risk factor for HIV infection. Heterozygotes were significantly less likely than patients with two functional alleles to have symptomatic primary infection. Their serum viral load was lower during the 6- to 24-month plateau phase after seroconversion. This difference persisted afterwards, although the rate of decline in CD4+ cells was similar. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed slower progression to clinical AIDS in heterozygotes during the first 7 years following infection (P < 0.02), the two curves tending to join thereafter (overall log-rank test, P = 0.17). However, the interaction term with time did not reach significance in a Cox model. The overall relative risk of progression was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.18) and was not influenced by adjustment for age at seroconversion or symptomatic primary infection. After adjustment for early viral load the relative risk was 0.83. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis were less likely to be the first AIDS-defining illness in heterozygotes than in the other patients (0 versus 24.7% of AIDS cases, P = 0.04), despite similar management. Conclusion: Deletion of one CCR-5 gene allele appears to protect against HIV-1 disease progression, mainly during the early years of the infection. Heterozygosity for the deletion leads to persistently lower viral load, and also seems to protect against some opportunistic infections.
Inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract cells by TENS (1985)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was applied in an experimental animal model to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this treatment. Recordings were made from identified spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cords of seven anesthetized monkeys. The STT cells were activated by stimulating the common peroneal nerve at a suprathreshold intensity for C-fibers. Evoked responses of C-fibers were compared before, during, and after application of TENS for 5 minutes from a commercially available TENS unit. The current delivered by the TENS unit was monitored. In 14 STT cells, some degree of inhibition of C-fiber evoked responses occurred only when the intensity of TENS exceeded the threshold of A delta fibers. At a given stimulus intensity, bursts of pulses repeated at a low rate were more effective than high-rate pulses. When TENS was applied to an area of the skin within a cell's receptive field, it was more effective than when it was applied outside the receptive field. The C-fiber volley recorded from a peripheral nerve was not reduced in size, and there were no substantial changes in its latency due to TENS. The inhibition of the activity of STT cells was not altered appreciably after intravenous injection of naloxone hydrochloride. These results suggest that TENS produces central nervous system inhibition by activating A delta afferent fibers. The inhibitory effects of TENS on STT cells appear to be due to a mechanism that does not involve release of endogenous opioid substances.
Determination of the α, β, and γ crystalline phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films prepared at different conditions (2006)

Abstract Samples containing the three crystalline phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride), α, β, and γ, have been obtained under distinct crystallization conditions. Samples containing exclusively unoriented β phase have been obtained by crystallization from dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 60°C. Oriented β phase has been obtained by uniaxial drawing, at 80°C, of an originally α phase sample. Samples containing exclusively α phase have been obtained by melting and posterior cooling at room temperature. Samples containing both α and γ phases have been obtained by melt crystallization at 164 °C for 16 and 36 h. Presence of the crystalline phases in each sample were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXD), polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Infrared absorption bands identifying unequivocally the presence of β and γ phases in a sample are presented. It is shown that solution crystallization at T < 70°C always results in the β phase, regardless of the solvent used. Melt temperatures of the respective phases have also been determined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3272–3279, 2006
Toxoplasmosis: the Time Has Come (1988)

Toxoplasmosis is a serious disease in persons with the congenital infection and in immunocompromised patients. The tragedy of toxoplasmosis as a cause of blindness or near-blindness or of psychomotor or mental retardation in children and the fact that it can be prevented have never concerned the medical community in the United States as much as in Europe. Almost 15 years ago Desmonts and Couvreur of Paris defined in the Journal the risk and range of severity of congenital toxoplasmosis, the value of systematic screening and patient education, and the value of treatment of the mother during pregnancy to prevent transmission . . .
Mutated Barley (1,3)-β-d -Glucan Endohydrolases Synthesize Crystalline (1,3)-β-d -Glucans (2002)

Barley (1,3)-beta-D-glucan endohydrolases (EC ), inactivated by site-directed mutagenesis of their catalytic nucleophiles, show autocondensation glucosynthetic activity with alpha-laminaribiosyl fluoride and heterocondensation glycosynthetic activity with alpha-laminaribiosyl fluoride and 4'-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. The native enzyme is a retaining endohydrolase of the family 17 group and catalyzes glycosyl transfer reactions at high substrate concentrations. Catalytic efficiencies (k(cat) K(m)(-1)) of mutants E231G, E231S, and E231A as glycosynthases are 28.9, 0.9, and 0.5 x 10(-4) m(-1) s(-1), respectively. Glycosynthase reactions appear to be processive and proceed with pH optima of 6-8 and yields of up to 75%. Insoluble products formed during the glycosynthase reaction appear as lamellar, hexagonal crystals when observed by electron microscopy. Methylation, NMR, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analyses show that the reaction products are linear (1,3)-beta-D-glucans with a degree of polymerization of 30-34, whereas electron and x-ray diffraction patterns indicate that these (1,3)-beta-D-glucan chains adopt a parallel, triple helical conformation. The (1,3)-beta-D-glucan triple helices are orientated perpendicularly to the plane of the lamellar crystals. The barley (1,3)-beta-D-glucan glycosynthases have considerable potential for tailored and high efficiency synthesis of (1,3)-beta-D-linked oligo- and polysaccharides, some of which could have immunomodulating activity, or for the coupling of (1,3)-beta-D-linked glucosyl residues onto other oligosaccharides or glycoproteins.
Effect of luteinizing hormone on the steroidogenic pathway in prostate cancer (2010)

Our data show that LH-mediated activation of LHR significantly up-regulates the expression of genes and enzymes required for steroidogenesis and increases steroid production in PCA cells.
Near speed-of-light signaling over on-chip electrical interconnects (2003)

The propagation limits of electrical signals for systems built with conventional silicon processing are explored. A design which takes advantage of the inductance-dominated high-frequency regime of on-chip interconnect is shown capable of transmitting data at velocities near the speed of light. In a 0.18-μm six-level aluminum CMOS technology, an overall delay of 283 ps for a 20-mm-long line, corresponding to a propagation velocity of one half the speed of light in silicon dioxide, has been demonstrated. This approach offers a five times improvement in delay over a conventional repeater-insertion strategy.
Luminescence Studies of Individual Quantum Dot Photocatalysts (2013)

Using far-field optical microscopy we report the first measurements of photoluminescence from single nanoparticle photocatalysts. Fluence-dependent luminescence is investigated from metal-semiconductor heterojunction quantum dot catalysts exposed to a variety of environments, ranging from gaseous argon to liquid water containing a selection of hole scavengers. The catalysts each exhibit characteristic nonlinear fluence dependence. From these structurally and environmentally sensitive trends, we disentangle the separate rate-determining steps in each particle across the very wide range of time scales, which follow the initial light absorption process. This information will significantly benefit the design of effective artificial photocatalytic systems for renewable direct solar-to-fuel energy conversion.
A new operator for image structure analysis (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new operator called shape operator for describing image structure. We consider an image function as a surface, then describe a shape of each pixel comparing with its neighbourhood in terms of topographical shapes such as hill, dale, ridge, valley, etc. The shape operator is established by utilizing the eigenvalues of Hessian of an image function. We show how to derive this operator, and its interesting properties. Finally, we illustrate by examples how the shape operator can give the same interpretation of an image although the image is corrupted by shading effects, and how it can give the same interpretation of an image viewed in different viewpoints.
Complete UV emission of ZnO nanoparticles in a PMMA matrix (2006)

Preparation and photoluminescence (PL) properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles embedded in a lipophilic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix are reported in detail with an unbalanced sol–gel route. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) indicates that ZnO particles are highly crystallized, with a size of 5–6 nm and hexagonal wurtzite structure. During the sol–gel reaction, partial ester groups of R-COOCH3 in PMMA are hydrolyzed to form carboxylic ion groups, which chemisorb on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles to eliminate the defects; thus ZnO nanoparticles in the PMMA matrix exhibit complete ultraviolet (UV) emissions, while emissions in the visible region are fully quenched.
Monospermic polyploidy and atypical embryo morphology (1994)

Monospermic cleavage-arrested human embryos were analysed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using specific DNA probes for chromosomes X, Y and 18 simultaneously. Two groups of monospermic polyploid embryos could be distinguished: (i) embryos (n = 13) with only one large cell surrounded by smaller blastomere-sized extracellular fragments. These embryos were polyploid and frequently polyploid mosaic. (ii) Embryos developing from larger than normal oocytes were triploid or triploid mosaics (n = 4). Atypical morphology was not seen in eight other polyploid monospermic embryos. The atypical morphologies described here are quite rare, but are genetically uniform. Polyspermic embryos are the only other known example of a dual genetic-morphological abnormality.
Chopper-Operated Electromagnetic Flowmeter (1959)

The problem of design of a square-wave electromagnetic flowmeter may be simplified by the use of a mechanical chopper as the gating device. Such an instrument has been assembled using commercial components costing less than $1000. A commercial 400-cycle chopper amplifier, Offner model 190, was modified to perform the sampling. Carrier signal was provided by Tektronix 162 and 161 generators. Proper synchronization with the chopper is obtained by use of the 161 delay control. Magnet assemblies were made of ferrite toroidal cores and platinum electrodes, cast in epoxy resin and powered directly by a Heathkit 70-watt amplifier. Using a carrier frequency of 400 cps, good frequency response, stability, and signal-to-noise levels were attained. Calibration curves are linear for forward and backward flow. Sensitivity was sufficient to record blood flow levels of 1 ml per minute.