gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
K-sam-related gene, N-sam, encodes fibroblast growth factor receptor and is expressed in T-lymphocytic tumors. (1992)

We recently reported the isolation of the K-sam complementary DNA (cDNA), which was amplified preferentially in poorly differentiated types of stomach cancer and codes for one of the heparin-binding growth factor or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor families. The K-sam-related gene, N-sam (NCC-IT-cell-derived sam), was isolated by screening of the cDNA libraries of human immature teratoma cells, NCC-IT. Sequence analysis of the N-sam cDNAs showed that N-sam encodes a human FGF receptor, the FLG protein. N-sam was expressed in lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma cells, predominantly in the thymic T-cell phenotype. In a T-cell leukemia line, MOLT3, N-sam mRNA expression was markedly enhanced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment and was also up-regulated by basic FGF exposure. These results indicate that N-sam expression is regulated during T-cell ontogeny and modulated by its putative ligand exposure. The results also suggested that interaction between immature T-cell and marrow or thymic interstitial cells might be mediated by N-sam and basic FGF stored in the extracellular matrix of stromal cells.
The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy (2004)

Scientists, regulators, legislators, and segments of industry and the lay public are attempting to understand and respond to epidemiology findings of associations between measures of modern particulate air pollutants (PM) and adverse health outcomes in urban dwellers. The associations have been interpreted to imply that tens of thousands of Americans are killed annually by small daily increments in PM. These epidemiology studies and their interpretations have been challenged, although it is accepted that high concentrations of air pollutants have claimed many lives in the past. Although reproducible and statistically significant, the relative risks associated with modern PM are very small and confounded by many factors. Neither toxicology studies nor human clinical investigations have identified the components and/or characteristics of PM that might be causing the health-effect associations. Currently, a massive worldwide research effort is under way in an attempt to identify whom might be harmed and by what substances and mechanisms. Finding the answers is important, because control measures have the potential not only to be costly but also to limit the availability of goods and services that are important to public health.
Variable extension in Lake Tanganyika (1988)

Lake Tanganyika is part of the east African rift system. The amount of extension along 22 dip section seismic lines in the lake has been measured. The maximum extension observed is 4.5 km (approximately 10%) at the central part of the rift and decreases to about 0.5 to 1‐km extension at the north and south ends of the rift. Deformation style changes with the amount of calculated extension. More complex rift geometries (paired half grabens and full grabens) are found in the central part where extension is greatest while single half grabens are present toward the northern and southern ends of the lake where extension is less. Local decreases in the amount of extension are superimposed on this regional trend. These drops tend to occur in regions defined as transfer zones and suggest a change from simple extension to more complex three‐dimensional strains (extension in more than the dip direction). Implied in the relationship between rift morphology and observed extension is the conclusion that Lake Tanganyika is a single rift segment that did not propagate with time but grew as a fixed length segment from day 1. Lake Tanganyika is a subsidence‐dominated rift, with up to 7‐km vertical displacement along major boundary faults for only 4.5‐km extension. The fairly steep, weakly listric boundary faults indicate that they sole out at deep (20–30 km) crustal levels.
Measurement of proteases using chemiluminescence-resonance-energy-transfer chimaeras between green fluorescent protein and aequorin (2001)

Homogeneous assays, without a separation step, are essential for measuring chemical events in live cells and for drug discovery screens, and are desirable for making measurements in cell extracts or clinical samples. Here we demonstrate the principle of chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) as a homogeneous assay system, using two proteases as models, one extracellular (α-thrombin) and the other intracellular (caspase-3). Chimaeras were engineered with aequorin as the chemiluminescent energy donor and green fluorescent protein (GFP) or enhanced GFP as the energy acceptors, with a protease linker (6 or 18 amino acid residues) recognition site between the donor and acceptor. Flash chemiluminescent spectra (20–60 s) showed that the spectra of chimaeras matched GFP, being similar to that of luminous jellyfish, justifying their designation as ‘Rainbow’ proteins. Addition of the protease shifted the emission spectrum to that of aequorin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Separation of the proteolysed fragments showed that the ratio of green to blue light matched the extent of proteolysis. The caspase-3 Rainbow protein was able to provide information on the specificity of caspases in vitro and in vivo. It was also able to monitor caspase-3 activation in cells provoked into apoptosis by staurosporine (1 or 2μM). CRET can also monitor GFP fluor formation. The signal-to-noise ratio of our Rainbow proteins is superior to that of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, providing a potential platform for measuring agents that interact with the reactive site between the donor and acceptor.
Isolation of the human anionic glutathione S-transferase cDNA and the relation of its gene expression to estrogen-receptor content in primary breast cancer. (1988)

The development of multidrug resistance in MCF7 human breast cancer cells is associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein, changes in activities of several detoxication enzymes, and loss of hormone sensitivity and estrogen receptors (ERs). We have cloned the cDNA for one of the drug-detoxifying enzymes overexpressed in multidrug-resistant MCF7 cells (AdrR MCF7), the anionic isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST pi). Hybridization with this GST pi cDNA, GST pi-1, demonstrated that increased GST pi activity in AdrR MCF7 cells is associated with overexpression but not with amplification of the gene. We mapped the GST pi gene to human chromosome 11q13 by in situ hybridization. Since multidrug resistance and GST pi overexpression are associated with the loss of ERs in AdrR MCF7 cells, we examined several other breast cancer cell lines that were not selected for drug resistance. In each of these cell lines we found an inverse association between GST pi expression and ER content. We also examined RNA from 21 primary breast cancers and found a similar association between GST pi expression and ER content in vivo. GST pi mRNA content in 11 ER-positive tumors (less than or equal to 10 fmol/mg of protein) was significantly different from the GST pi content of 10 ER-negative tumors (P = 0.002; Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test for two independent samples). The finding of similar patterns of expression of a drug-detoxifying enzyme and of ERs in vitro as well as in vivo suggests that ER-negative breast cancer cells may have greater protection against antineoplastic agents conferred by GST pi than ER-positive tumors.
Prolonged survival and decreased invasive activity attributable to dipeptidyl peptidase IV overexpression in ovarian carcinoma. (2002)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a multifunctional cell surface aminopeptidase with ubiquitous expression. Recent studies have suggested that DPPIV plays an important role in tumor progression in several human malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between DPPIV expression and progressive potential in ovarian carcinoma. We demonstrated that ovarian carcinoma cell lines with higher DPPIV expression were less invasive. Furthermore, DPPIV overexpression in SKOV3 cells, derived from serous cystadenocarcinoma, with little DPPIV expression induced a dramatic change in cellular morphology and a significant decrease in the abilities of both migration and invasion. In addition, we have also shown that nude mice inoculated with DPPIV-transfected SKOV3 cells showed significantly less peritoneal dissemination and longer survival time than those receiving the parental or vector-only transfected cells (mean survival time, 64.9 +/- 4.7, 35.7 +/- 2.8, and 36.6 +/- 1.8 days, respectively). This evidence implies that DPPIV may functionally suppress peritoneal dissemination in ovarian carcinoma.
Why do general circulation models overestimate the aerosol cloud lifetime effect? A case study comparing CAM5 and a CRM (2017)

Abstract. Observation-based studies have shown that the aerosol cloud lifetime effect or the increase of cloud liquid water path (LWP) with increased aerosol loading may have been overestimated in climate models. Here, we simulate shallow warm clouds on 27 May 2011 at the southern Great Plains (SGP) measurement site established by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program using a single-column version of a global climate model (Community Atmosphere Model or CAM) and a cloud resolving model (CRM). The LWP simulated by CAM increases substantially with aerosol loading while that in the CRM does not. The increase of LWP in CAM is caused by a large decrease of the autoconversion rate when cloud droplet number increases. In the CRM, the autoconversion rate is also reduced, but this is offset or even outweighed by the increased evaporation of cloud droplets near the cloud top, resulting in an overall decrease in LWP. Our results suggest that climate models need to include the dependence of cloud top growth and the evaporation/condensation process on cloud droplet number concentrations.
Effects of deletions in the N-terminal basic arm of brome mosaic virus coat protein on RNA packaging and systemic infection (1989)

The first 25 amino acids of brome mosaic virus (BMV) coat protein include 8 basic and no acidic residues and are implicated in binding the encapsidated RNA. Using infectious transcripts from BMV RNA3 cDNA clones, we modified this region of the coat gene. A coat protein mutant with the first 25 amino acids deleted failed to direct either packaging of viral RNA in protoplasts or systemic infection of whole barley plants. Neither symptoms, virions, nor viral RNA was detectable in plants inoculated with this mutant or a mutant with a frameshift mutation in the coat gene. Mutants with the normal start codon changed to AAG or with the first eight codons deleted allowed translation to start at a downstream AUG, resulting in a deletion of the first 7 amino acids of the mature wild-type coat protein. These mutants not only packaged viral RNA in protoplasts but directed symptomatic, systemic infections that developed with normal speed and degree of spread within the host. The AUG-to-AAG point substitution did not revert to the wild type after long-term culture in planta. Wild-type BMV virions were also found to contain small amounts of a protein that coelectrophoresed with the truncated coat protein produced by the viable AAG and eight-codon-deletion mutants. This minor coat protein species presumably arose by infrequent translation initiation at the second AUG in the wild-type coat protein gene. Absence of encapsidation-competent coat protein appeared to stimulate production of nonstructural proteins in protoplast infections.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Liquid Crystals with a 5,5′-Bitropolone Skelton (2001)

Abstract New troponoid liquid crystals with a bitropolone core were prepared. The ester derivatives (1) had enantiotropic smectic A and/or C phases with higher thermal stabilities than the corresponding benzenoid derivatives (2), which had smectic B phases. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the layer spacings of the smectic A and C phases were not so much different.
Synthesis and Characterization of Allyl Fatty Acid Derivatives as Reactive Coalescing Agents for Latexes (2012)

Abstract This work evaluated the use of allyl fatty acid esters derived from vegetable oil (palmitic acid, soybean and sunflower oils) as reactive coalescing agents in a waterborne latex system. Allyl fatty acid derivatives (AFAD) from vegetable oils were synthesized by two different processes. The synthesis was monitored by IR‐spectroscopy and the final product characterized by FT‐IR, GC–MS, 1 H and 13 C NMR. The presence of conjugated double bonds in the aliphatic chain was confirmed, which is a determinant for the proposed autoxidative latexes drying mechanism. Each of the AFAD were subsequently added to a standard acrylic emulsion, in order to study its potential as reactive coalescing agent. The minimum film‐forming temperature (MFT), glass transition temperature ( T g ), drying time and rubbing resistance to solvents were evaluated. The results showed that, when added to water‐borne acrylic resins, an AFAD acts as a non‐volatile plasticizer capable of autoxidative crosslinking with itself.
The MTHFD1 p.Arg653Gln variant alters enzyme function and increases risk for congenital heart defects (2008)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis. A common variant in MTHFD1, p.Arg653Gln (c.1958G>A), may increase the risk for neural tube defects (NTD). To examine the biological impact of this variant on MTHFD1 function, we measured enzyme activity and stability in vitro and assessed substrate flux in transfected mammalian cells. The purified Arg653Gln enzyme has normal substrate affinity but a 36% reduction in half)life at 42 degrees C. Thermolability is reduced by magnesium adenosine triphosphate and eliminated by the substrate analog folate pentaglutamate, suggesting that folate status may modulate impact of the variant. The mutation reduces the metabolic activity of MTHFD1 within cells: formate incorporation into DNA in murine Mthfd1 knockout cells transfected with Arg653Gln is reduced by 26%+/-7.7% (P<0.05), compared to cells transfected with wild)type protein, indicating a disruption of de novo purine synthesis. We assessed the impact of the variant on risk for congenital heart defects (CHD) in a cohort of Quebec children (158 cases, 110 controls) and mothers of children with heart defects (199 cases, 105 controls). The 653QQ genotype in children is associated with increased risk for heart defects (odds ratio [OR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-4.42), particularly Tetralogy of Fallot (OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.38-9.42) and aortic stenosis (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.13-8.66). There was no effect of maternal genotype. Our results indicate that the Arg653Gln polymorphism decreases enzyme stability and increases risk for CHD. Further evaluation of this polymorphism in folate)related disorders and its potential interaction with folate status is warranted.
CENTRO DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS; DISEÑA CCADET EL AULA DEL FUTURO (2009)

EL AULA DEL FUTURO YA ESTA EN LA UNAM. EN ELLA LOS ALUMNOS UTILIZAN COMPUTADORAS EN VEZ DE CUADERNOS, Y AUNQUE CADA QUIEN TIENE UNA, NO SON PRECISAMENTE MAQUINAS PERSONALES PORQUE SU CONTENIDO SALE DE LA PANTALLA PARA PROYECTARSE EN UNA MESA COMUNITARIA DONDE LOS ESCOLARES PUEDEN INTERVENIR, DEBATIR Y COMPARTIR.
Real-time full-body motion reconstruction and recognition for off-the-shelf VR devices (2016)

Almost all VR multi-person applications have the requirement of reconstructing the whole-body motions in real-time in order to create deeper immersion. In fact, if we can ensure that the motion we reconstruct is natural, we can improve upon the comfort and number of wearing sensors at the cost of reconstruction precision because all users in VR are blindfolded. In this paper, we introduce a novel real-time motion reconstruction and recognition method in VR only using the positions and orientations of user's head and two hands. To reconstruct natural motions according to rare sensors, we divide the whole body into the upper body and the lower body. The upper body reconstruction algorithm based on inverse kinematics which is more accurate and the lower body based on animation blending which only needs a small number of prepared animations. Meanwhile, a natural action recognition algorithm based on neural network will run in need to detect the target motions we have trained. We show that our method can reconstruct various full-body motions, such as walking in any direction, jogging, jumping, crouching and turning. Our method has the ability to reconstruct natural human motions which can be used in almost all VR multi-person interactive applications. The configuration of sensors we attached on the head and hands is very popular in VR well-known devices, so the method can be easily integrated into off-the-shelf VR devices.
Problems associated with indwelling central venous catheters. (1985)

Forty nine Broviac or Hickman indwelling central venous catheters were inserted in 36 patients with haematological and neoplastic diseases for indications including young age, intensity of treatment, and psychological attitude. Sixteen patients suffered 29 episodes of infection related to the catheter bacteraemia (0.68 episodes per 100 days of catheter use). Infections occurred much more commonly where there was intensive use of the catheter than with relatively light catheter use. Twenty episodes were caused by a single bacterial strain and nine by multiple strains; coagulase negative staphylococci accounted for 51% of the strains isolated. Altogether 72% of infections were cured by antibiotic treatment, which was more likely to be successful in eradicating single than multiple infections. Although infection was common, mechanical problems were a more usual reason for catheter removal. There were no deaths caused by catheter related infection.
Low Temperature Preparation of Nano-porous TiO2 Layers for Plastic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2003)

Abstract Short circuit currents for dye sensitized solar cells increased from 3.50 to 7.38 mA/cm2 after TiO2 layers were exposed to low-accelerating electron beam showers at room temperature. EB curing of TiO2 layers was successfully conducted without substrate deterioration.
In-house development of an FPGA-based MCA8K for gamma-ray spectrometer (2014)

The objective of this work is domestic development of electronics instruments. It used for measuring ionization radiation and practical training at Nuclear Research Institute (NRI), Dalat, Vietnam. The aim of this work is to study and develop a novel MCA8k for Gamma-ray spectrometer concerning experimental nuclear physics. An approach for design and construction of the aforementioned instrument is to apply logic integrating techniques via Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) under Max + PlusII, Altera. The instrument allows interfacing to PC with self-developed application software. Scientific significance of this work is partly to contribute to opening a research direction in the field of nuclear electronics science for design and construction of radiation measurement instruments with the advanced IC technology in Vietnam. Practical significance of this work is partly to contribute to enhancement of capabilities in developing radiation measurement instruments for experimental research as well as practical training in nuclear physics. The advantages of FPGA: overcoming ballistic deficit, decrement of serial and parallel noise, flexible in programming, control of the system by software without an interfere of hardware. The disadvantages of FPGA: requirement of good knowledge of VHDL and professional tools for development of a expected project. A new electronics module of MCA8k has been achieved. Some main results obtained from the experimental testing are as follows: differential nonlinearity (DNL) of FPGA-MCA8k approximately 1.27%, integral nonlinearity (INL) = 0.607%, time conversion ≈ 2.2 μs, deadtime (DT) is 0.75%. Data Acquisition Program MCANRI written in VC (+ +)6.0, self-executed under Windows XP environment.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2017)

Obtain evidence-based information to make timely and accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions.Continuing with this volume, Succinct Pediatrics is an ongoing series covering the entire scope of pediatric medicine. Each volume includes concise chapters with key features and invaluable tables and algorithms--resources health care professionals can use to deliver the highest quality of care.This third volume features 41 topics with key points and detailed therapies in neonatology, genetics, neurology, and developmental and behavioral disorders. Evidence-based levels of decision support are also provided throughout the book to provide insight into diagnostic tests and treatment modalities.Topics includeApnea of PrematurityBirth InjuriesRespiratory Distress SyndromeDown Syndrome and Turner SyndromeAtaxia and Movement DisordersCerebral PalsyFebrile SeizuresHydrocephalusAutism Spectrum DisordersBehavior PatternsAnd more...
Origin of the large dispersion of magnetic properties in nanostructured oxides: Fe<sub>x</sub>O/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanoparticles as a case study (2014)

The intimate relationship between stoichiometry and physicochemical properties in transition-metal oxides makes them appealing as tunable materials. These features become exacerbated when dealing with nanostructures. However, due to the complexity of nanoscale materials, establishing a distinct relationship between structure-morphology and functionalities is often complicated. In this regard, in the FexO/Fe3O4 system a largely unexplained broad dispersion of magnetic properties has been observed. Here we show, thanks to a comprehensive multi-technique approach, a clear correlation between the magneto-structural properties in large (45 nm) and small (9 nm) FexO/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles that can explain the spread of magnetic behaviors. The results reveal that while the FexO core in the large nanoparticles is antiferromagnetic and has bulk-like stoichiometry and unit-cell parameters, the FexO core in the small particles is highly non-stoichiometric and strained, displaying no significant antiferromagnetism. These results highlight the importance of ample characterization to fully understand the properties of nanostructured metal oxides.
Excitation synchronous formant analysis (1989)

Speech signals can be efficiently parametrised by the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract known as formants. The automatic analysis of the signal into a suitable set of formant parameters has however proved to be a difficult problem, particularly for female speech. The technique of excitation synchronous formant analysis has been proposed as an improved method of formant analysis [5]. The paper considers the performance of this technique, particularly where the analysis interval is over the closed phase of the larynx. The improved performance of closed-phase formant analysis is demonstrated by comparison with pitch-synchronous and fixed-frame formant analysis. The closed-phase region is determined first using a laryngograph signal and secondly using a modified form of the Gold-Rabiner fundamental-frequency estimator, using only the acoustic waveform. The improved performance of closed-phase formant analysis is also demonstrated by a better ability to follow the transient features of the signal, with fewer missed or extra formants, and better formant continuity. The ability to follow formant transitions during glides (e.g. w, r, l) and in voiced segments following plosives is particularly apparent. These improvements are illustrated in various phonetic contexts. The technique has been tested for sensitivity to analysis position, which is important when the glottal closures are determined from the acoustic waveform. This method of formant analysis is currently being applied to the development of speech synthesis by rule, and to provide a set of features for phonetic recognition.