gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of the hepatocyte and increases in parallel with the decrease in light-scattering induced by gluconeogenic hormones, butyrate and ionophore A23187 (1988)

1. The effects of a variety of hormones on the PPi content and light-scattering of isolated rat liver cells was studied. 2. The basal PPi content was about 130 pmol/mg of cell protein, and increased after hormone addition, in parallel with a decrease in light-scattering which we have observed previously [Quinlan, Thomas, Armston & Halestrap (1983) Biochem. J. 214, 395-404]. 3. The mean increases in PPi content with the agonists shown (as pmol/mg of protein) were: 0.1 microM-glucagon, 25; 20 microM-phenylephrine, 30; 25 nM-vasopressin, 127; glucagon + phenylephrine, 115; glucagon + vasopressin, 382; 100 microM-ADP, 50; 15 microM-A23187, 72; 1 mM-butyrate, 80. 4. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, vasopressin had little effect on either the PPi content or the light-scattering of hepatocytes. 5. The magnitude of the increase in PPi content correlated with that of the decrease in light-scattering irrespective of the stimulating agent, provided that the PPi did not exceed 300 pmol/mg of protein. Above this value little additional change in light-scattering was observed. 6. Subcellular fractionation showed that over 90% of the cellular PPi was intramitochondrial in both control and stimulated cells. 7. The data support the conclusions of previous experiments using isolated liver mitochondria [Davidson & Halestrap (1987) Biochem. J. 246, 715-723] that hormones increase the mitochondrial matrix volume through a Ca2+-induced rise in matrix [PPi]. 8. It is further proposed that this increase in mitochondrial [PPi] allows entry of ADP into the mitochondria in exchange for PPi and is therefore responsible for the increase in total mitochondrial adenine nucleotides observed after hormone treatment.
Production of amorphous nanoparticles by supersonic spray-drying with a microfluidic nebulator (2015)

Amorphous nanoparticles (a-NPs) have physicochemical properties distinctly different from those of the corresponding bulk crystals; for example, their solubility is much higher. However, many materials have a high propensity to crystallize and are difficult to formulate in an amorphous structure without stabilizers. We fabricated a microfluidic nebulator that can produce amorphous NPs from a wide range of materials, even including pure table salt (NaCl). By using supersonic air flow, the nebulator produces drops that are so small that they dry before crystal nuclei can form. The small size of the resulting spray-dried a-NPs limits the probability of crystal nucleation in any given particle during storage. The kinetic stability of the a-NPs—on the order of months—is advantageous for hydrophobic drug molecules.
Electroplating Nickel-Iron Alloy on the Diamond Surface (2009)

Ni-coated diamond grits are widely used in resin-bonding diamond tools for that nickel coating could not only increase the surface roughness, but also improve retention of the diamond in the bond. However coating nickel on diamond surface is too expensive for the high price of metal nickel. In order to obtain cost-effective coating, barrel-plating method was used to coat nickel-iron alloy on the diamond surface in this paper. Nickel-iron alloy coating with iron content of 13.62~17.25wt% has been obtained and the iron content in the alloy coating can be adjusted by the content of Fe2+ in the electrolyte. Compared with the uncoated-diamond, the compressive fracture strength (CFS) of coated diamond tested by single grit method has a distinct increase and it becomes higher as the iron content increases in the coating. The coating possesses ferromagnetism and the magnetic intensity of alloy coating with high iron content is larger than that with low iron content.
Arithmetic for vector processors (1987)

In electronic computers the elementary-arithmetic operations are these days generally approximated by floating-point operations of highest accuracy. Vector processors and parallel computers often provide additional operations like “multiply and add”, “accumulate” or “multiply and accumulate”. Also these operations shall always deliver the correct answer whatever the data are. The user should not be oblighed to execute an error analysis for operations predefined by the manufacturer. In the first part of this paper we discuss circuits which allow a fast and correct computation of sums and scalar products making use of a matrix shaped arrangement of adders and pipeline technology. In the second part a variant is discussed which permits a drastic reduction in the number of adders required. The methods discussed in this paper can also be used to build a fast arithmetic unit for micro computers in VLSI-technology.
Photochemical DNA Cleavage by the Antitumor Agent 3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Dioxide (Tirapazamine, WIN 59075, SR4233) (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPhotochemical DNA Cleavage by the Antitumor Agent 3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Dioxide (Tirapazamine, WIN 59075, SR4233)J. Scott Daniels, Tonika Chatterji, Leonard R. MacGillivray, and Kent S. GatesView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 26, 10027–10030Publication Date (Web):December 3, 1998Publication History Received6 July 1998Published online3 December 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981314whttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981314wbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Oxygen,Photodissociation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Vision based target tracking using an unmanned aerial vehicle (2015)

We present in this paper a backstepping controller for vision based target tracking with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. A down facing camera is used with a pose estimation algorithm to extract the position of the target (an Unmanned Ground Vehicle). The output is then fed into the developed controller to generate the necessary movements (pitch and roll) of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in order to keep the target in the coverage view of the camera (following it constantly). The developed scheme is used to help the Unmanned Ground Vehicle to navigate among obstacles, and the overall system is designed in order to help human operator to supervise the Aerial and Ground vehicles for area inspection or object transportation in industrial areas (when using multiple Unmanned Ground Vehicles).
Normalization of cerebral volumes by use of intracranial volume: implications for longitudinal quantitative MR imaging. (2001)

Structural volumes should be normalized with a TIV, measured cross-sectionally, to reduce interindividual variation, and longitudinally with a concurrent measurement, to reduce subtle interimage differences. This may have important implications in progression studies.
<title>Lean domain pools for fractal image compression</title> (1996)

In fractal image compression an image is partitioned into ranges for each of which a similar subimage, called domain, is selected from a pool of subimages. A typical choice for the domain pool may consist of all square subimages of a particular size. However, only a fraction of this large pool is actually used in the fractal code. This subset can be characterized in two related ways: (1) It contains domains with relatively large intensity variation. (2) The collection of used domains are localized in those image regions with a high degree of structure. Both observations lead us to improvements of fractal image compression. Firstly, we accelerate the encoding process by a priori discarding those domains from the pool which are unlikely to be chosen for the fractal code. This comes at the expense of a slight loss in compression ratio. In our empirical studies (using Fisher's adaptive quadtree method) we have found that a twofold acceleration leads to a drop of only 2 to 3% in the compression ratio while the image quality even improves by 0.1 to 0.2 dB. Secondly, the localization of the domains can be exploited for an improved encoding in effect raising the compression ratio back up without any penalty.
Special Issue On Multimedia Signal Processing, Part I [Scanning the Issue] (1998)

10.1109/JPROC.1998.664271
A single-chip video ghost canceller (1993)

A 450 K-transistor video ghost canceller chip, which implements a flexibly configurable IIR and FIR filter, is described. A very compact digital filter tap operating at a pixel rate of 14.32 MHz (4*F/sub sc/) allows 180 programmable taps to be implemented in a die area of 56.25 mm/sup 2/ in a 1 mu m TLM CMOS process. The device operates with 3.3- or 5-V power supplies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of rf Sputtered Barium Titanate Films on Silicon (1972)

The physical and electrical properties of barium titanate films approximately 1 μm thick, prepared by rf sputtering onto silicon substrates in both pure argon and 95% argon–5% oxygen glow discharges were investigated. The argon-oxygen mixture was used to minimize oxygen deficiencies in the films resulting from the possible decomposition of the barium titanate in the glow discharge. Sputtering was carried out in a standard diode system with a water-cooled target of ceramic BaTiO3 at power densities of up to 1.6 W/cm2, at a gas pressure of 7–8×10−3 Torr, and in a magnetic field of 20 G. The substrate holder could be heated to about 650°C during deposition. The deposition rate was typically 100 Å/min and was dependent on the sputtering power density and the substrate temperature. The films were deposited on clean n-type silicon wafers of approximately 5 and 0.01 Ω⋅cm resistivity. Some samples were subjected to a post-deposition heat treatment in nitrogen or oxygen ambients at 1000°C. The deposition rate, crystal structure, and refractive index of the films were investigated as a function of deposition temperature and sputtering gas. The electrical characteristics of the films, including the dielectric constant, loss tangent, conductivity, insulator bulk charge, charge storage at the BaTiO3–SiO2 interface, and ferroelectricity were also investigated.
Stored Skin Homografts in Extensively Burned Patients (1960)

This report of 50 extensively burned patients treated with stored split-thickness skin homografts is a result of a clinical research effort which began in 1951. All of the skin homografts in this study were procured, processed, and stored by the Tissue Bank * of the Naval Medical School. This investigation presents data which permit a rough comparison between the mortality rate of burned patients who were treated with fresh<sup>1,2</sup>and those treated with stored skin homografts. At the outset it was important to determine whether or not stored skin, viable or nonviable, could approximate the clinical "take" and remain as a biological dressing in a manner which was the equivalent of the fresh homograft. In the instance of the stored viable skin, this did not appear to be questionable, and indeed it was not. In the instance of the known nonviable freeze-dried skin, this question was paramount. In the very
n- Si /i-p-i  SiGe/n-Si structure for SiGe microwave power heterojunction bipolar transistor grown by ultra-high-vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy (1999)

The n-Si/i-p-i SiGe/n-Si structure, grown by ultra-high-vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy, was analyzed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. It is shown that no defects are observed in the n-Si/i-p-i SiGe/n-Si structure, the interfaces between the SiGe layer and the n-Si layers are clear and planar, both the Ge and boron atoms are uniformly distributed in the p-SiGe, and the profiles of boron and Ge are abrupt from the n-Si to the SiGe layer. A high-performance microwave power SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor was fabricated using the n-Si/i-p-i SiGe/n-Si structure. Therefore, ultra-high-vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy is one of the most promising methods for the growth of the Si/SiGe strained epilayers.
Immune response to rotavirus VP4 expressed in an attenuated strain of Shigella flexneri (1999)

An attenuated strain of Shigella flexneri was utilised to express viral protein (VP) 4 of rotavirus and the immunogenicity of the recombinant constructs was studied in BALB/c mice. VP4 was expressed as a fusion with maltose binding protein (MBP) in both the cytoplasm and periplasm, with a much higher level of expression occurring in the former. While all constructs induced a Shigella-specific response in mice, only the construct expressing MBP-VP4 in the cytoplasm of Shigella stimulated an immune response specific to rotavirus. This study demonstrates that Shigella can be used to deliver rotavirus antigens and induces an immune response directed towards both rotavirus and Shigella.
Clutter Filtering and Spectral Moment Estimation for Doppler Weather Radars Using Staggered Pulse Repetition Time (PRT) (2000)

In this paper, a new algorithm for the estimation of spectral parameters from the signal time series, collected using the staggered pulse repetition time (PRT) transmission in a Doppler weather radar, is presented. The algorithm uses the Fourier transform and a magnitude deconvolution procedure to reconstruct the signal spectrum, and then the spectral parameters are estimated from the reconstructed spectrum. There is a significant improvement in the variance of the spectral parameter estimates compared to previously published methods of processing staggered PRT sequences. Further, a novel spectral domain clutter filtering procedure allows 1) accurate velocity estimation even if the clutter-to-signal power ratio is as high as 40 dB and 2) does not incur the loss of velocity information in certain Doppler bands experienced by other clutter filtering techniques. With this algorithm, the staggered PRT technique becomes a practical contender for implementation on Doppler weather radars in the quest to increase the unambiguous velocity and range.
VEGF-targeted therapy and beyond: pharmacotherapy and emerging treatments in agerelated macular degeneration (2010)

Treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has changed dramatically over the last decade. It has evolved from primarily destructive therapies (laser-based treatment strategies) to nondestructive therapies (intravitreal pharmacotherapies that target angiogenesis). Intermittent intravitreal ranibizumab, an inhibitor of VEGF, is currently the gold standard of care for neovascular AMD as it is the only treatment where a significant proportion of treated eyes have been shown to experience improvements in visual acuity. As our understanding of the pathological and molecular mechanisms involved in AMD increases, multiple new treatments are emerging. Distinct therapeutic approaches are being used, including inhibition of oxidative stress, interference with the visual cycle and immunomodulation. Targets within the complex cycle of angiogenesis include upstream pathways, such as mTOR and HIF-α, and downstream targets include integrins, PDGF and receptor tyrosine kinases.
Antiviral effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. (1987)

The antiviral action of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was studied using assay systems to determine inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (CPE), as well as suppression of virus growth measured by plaque assays. TNF was cloned and prepared by Asahi Chemical Industry, Japan. Antiviral activity against human herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZ), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC), was demonstrated in human diploid fibroblasts following pretreatment with TNF overnight. The antiviral action was completely neutralized by anti-interferon (IFN)-beta serum, but not by anti-IFN-alpha or -gamma antibodies. This suggested the induction of IFN-beta by TNF. The antiviral action was synergistically enhanced by human IFN-gamma. Several non-human cell lines were tested but 10 of 11 failed to be protected from VSV- and/or EMC-induced CPE following pretreatment by TNF. The anticellular effects of TNF were tested in human and in non-human tumor cell lines. The results indicate that the susceptibility of cells to the two activities of TNF, antiviral and anticellular, was distinct, and that antiviral activity of TNF is more species-specific than its anticellular action.
Effect of hyperinsulinemia during hemodialysis on the insulin-like growth factor system and inflammatory biomarkers: a randomized open-label crossover study (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT01209403.
Reverberation matching for speaker recognition (2008)

Speech recorded by a distant microphone in a room may be subject to reverberation. Performance of a speaker verification system may degrade significantly for reverberant speech, with severe consequences in a wide range of real applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effect of reverberation on speaker verification, and investigates approaches to reduce the effect of reverberation: training target models with reverberant speech signals and using acoustically matched models for the reverberant speech under test, score normalization methods to improve the reverberation robustness, and also reverberation classification via the background model scores. Experimental investigation is performed, using simulated and measured room impulse responses, NIST-based speech database, and AGMM based speaker verification system, showing significant improvement in performance.
Amplification of the synovial inflammatory response through activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB using ligation of CD40 on CD14+ synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

These data indicate that the CD40-CD154 interaction activates the ERK, p38, and NF-kappaB pathways in CD14+ synovial cells from RA patients to produce TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta, which in turn amplifies inflammatory responses by stimulating FLS. Inhibition of the CD40-CD154 interaction or its signal transduction pathways would be a strong and efficient strategy for the management of synovial inflammation in RA.
Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Psoriasis (2009)

All available antipsoriatic therapies are of symptomatic character. Treatments established so far are limited in their use due to side effects or lack of efficacy resulting in poor quality of life for affected people. Development of new therapeutic approaches would not only broaden our armamentarium against psoriasis, but could also increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In brief, 2 main targets represent attractive candidates, either the keratinocyte itself or the immune system. Promising therapeutic strategies include: (1) the search for new psoriasis susceptibility genes and their resulting phenotypes; (2) the interference with certain parts of cell signaling pathways that are involved in inflammatory processes; (3) the inhibition or elimination of activated T lymphocytes, e.g. by blocking of costimulatory signals or by deviation of a pathogenic immune response into a nonpathogenic one; (4) the blockade of proinflammatory cytokines; (5) the inhibition of leukocyte extravasation or trafficking; (6) the inhibition of angiogenesis. Some of these strategies are in phase 2 trials, others have already reached phase 3 status and are close to being approved by medicine agencies, and some are still visions of the future. This book chapter will give an overview of these new treatment strategies.
Mutational analysis of Agrobacterium tumefaciens virD2: tyrosine 29 is essential for endonuclease activity (1992)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirD2 polypeptide, in the presence of VirD1, catalyzes a site- and strand-specific nicking reaction at the T-DNA border sequences. VirD2 is found tightly attached to the 5' end of the nicked DNA. The protein-DNA complex is presumably formed via a tyrosine residue of VirD2 (F. Durrenberger, A. Crameri, B. Hohn, and Z. Koukolikova-Nicola, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9154-9158, 1989). A mutational approach was used to study whether a tyrosine residue(s) of VirD2 is required for its activity. By site-specific mutagenesis, a tyrosine (Y) residue at position 29, 68, 99, 119, 121, 160, or 195 of the octopine Ti plasmid pTiA6 VirD2 was altered to phenylalanine (F). The Y-29-F or Y-121-F mutation completely abolished nicking activity of VirD2 in vivo in Escherichia coli. Two other substitutions, Y-68-F and Y-160-F, drastically reduced VirD2 activity. A substitution at position 99, 119, or 195 had no effect on VirD2 activity. Additional mutagenesis experiments showed that at position 29, no other amino acid could substitute for tyrosine without destroying VirD2 activity. At position 121, only a tryptophan (W) residue could be substituted. This, however, yielded a mutant protein with significantly reduced VirD2 activity. The nicked DNA from strains bearing a Y-68-F, Y-99-F, Y-119-F, Y-160-F, Y-195-F, or Y-121-W mutation in VirD2 was always found to contain a tightly linked protein.
Vessel route analysis by in situ measurements A pre-requisite for Maritime Spatial Planning (2012)

Earth surface is covered for more than 2/3 by water with a spatial distribution of land to oceans and seas of about 1 to 1.5 in the Northern Hemisphere and 1 to 4 in the Southern Hemisphere. However the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of oceans have fascinated climatologist from a while this may not justify the nowadays rising for shrinking in oceans and seas. The paper report real data vessel traffic analysis along Taiwan coastline with the proposes to identify vessels behavior patterns, highlighting conflicting routes and setting the basis for a future Maritime Spatial Planning in the area of interest.