gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD27 Expression Promotes Long-Term Survival of Functional Effector–Memory CD8<b>+</b>Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in HIV-infected Patients (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells persist in high frequencies in HIV-infected patients despite impaired CD4(+) T helper response to the virus, but, unlike other differentiated effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes, most continue to express the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member CD27. Because the ligand for CD27 (CD70) is also overexpressed in HIV-infected hosts, we examined the nature of expression and potential functional consequences of CD27 expression on HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells. Analysis of CD27(+) and CD27(-) T cells derived from the same HIV-specific clone revealed that retention of CD27 did not interfere with acquisition of effector functions, and that after T cell receptor stimulation, CD27(+) cells that concurrently were triggered via CD27 exhibited more resistance to apoptosis, interleukin 2 production, and proliferation than CD27(-) T cells. After transfer back into an HIV-infected patient, autologous HIV-specific CD27(-) T cells rapidly disappeared, but CD27(+) T cells derived from the same clone persisted at high frequency. Our findings suggest that the CD27-CD70 interaction in HIV infection may provide CD27(+) CD8(+) T cells with a survival advantage and compensate for limiting or absent CD4(+) T help to maintain the CD8 response.
Effect of Xylooligosaccharides on Feces of Men. (1991)

The administration of xylooligosaccharides selectively promotes the growth of intestinal bifidobacteria in men. The effects of the administration of 2 to 10g of xylooligosaccharides on the hardness of feces and the frequency of diarrhea were investigated in 10 men. Both the hardness of feces and the frequency of diarrhea were decreased by such administration of 2g of xylooligosaccharides.
Chromosome 17 and 21 aneuploidy in buccal cells is increased with ageing and in Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a premature ageing syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment arising from neuropathological changes occurring within specific areas of the brain. We report a 1.5-fold increase in trisomy 21 (P < 0.001) and a 1.2-fold increase in trisomy 17 (P < 0.001) in buccal cells of Alzheimer's patients compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Chromosome 17 and chromosome 21 monosomy and trisomy increase significantly with age (P < 0.001). Down's syndrome, which exhibits similar neuropathological features to those observed in AD also showed a strong increase in chromosome 17 monosomy and trisomy compared to matched controls (P < 0.001). These results suggest that an increased incidence of aneusomy for both chromosomes 17 and 21 may contribute to the aetiology of AD. We also investigated aneuploidy rates in hippocampal brain cells, which have been shown to have a low rate of cell division, which may be relevant in potential incidence of non-disjunction. However, aneuploidy rate for chromosomes 17 and 21 in the nuclei of hippocampus cells of brains from Alzheimer's patients and controls were not significantly different. These results are suggestive that the aneuploidy events investigated which are increased beyond the incidence in normal ageing may be influenced by genetic factors that may predispose to AD, but are unlikely to be a primary cause of AD brain pathology.
CW RFQ fabrication and engineering (1998)

The design and fabrication of a four-vane RFQ to deliver a 100 mA CW proton beam at 6.7 MeV is described. This linac is an Oxygen-Free Electrolytic (OFE) copper structure 8 m in length and was fabricated using hydrogen furnace brazing as the joining technology. 1
Proliferation of rat liver macrophages in vitro : Influence of hemopoietic growth factors (1994)

We examined the effects of several hemopoietic growth factors on proliferation of rat liver macrophages in vitro. The proliferative response of liver macrophages to hemopoietic growth factors was assayed on the basis of [methyl-3H]thymidine uptake. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulated [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. With granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, maximum incorporation was observed at 50 U/ml, whereas with macrophage colony-stimulating factor no incorporation plateau was observed up to 50% L929-conditioned medium. Incubation of liver macrophages with various concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-2, recombinant murine interleukin-3 and recombinant human interleukin-6 or culture medium alone did not result in significant incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine. When liver macrophages were fractionated according to cell size, highest incorporation was observed in the large macrophages. Proliferating cells in cultures of all subfractions were microscopically identified as typical macrophages by the use of macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies. After 6 days in culture, these macrophages had functional properties similar to those of resident liver macrophages with respect to phagocytosis and in vitro activation with immunomodulators to tumorcytotoxicity and secretion of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These results suggest that macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor play important roles among the regulatory factors that support local proliferation of rat liver macrophages.
Immittance characterization of acoustic surface-wave transducers (1972)

An analytical technique for finding an immittance function, given its real part, for simple equivalent circuit of an interdigital surface-wave transducer is utilized. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated using LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> surface-wave delay lines.
Evaluation of strongly non-linear surface-stress fields σxx(z) and σyy(z) from diffraction experiments (1989)

For single-phase polycrystalline materials the relation is discussed between the elastic strain ϵ(ψ, φ) obtained from X-ray diffraction experiments and the polynomial expansion of the stress components σφ(σ) and σφ+90(z) with respect to the distance z from the external surface of the specimen. A universal plot is proposed for ϵ(ψ, τ0, (hkl)) = ½ (ϵ(φ) + ϵ(ψ + 90)) curves measured for different penetration depths τ0 of the radiation and for different reflecting lattice planes. This expression also allows absolute scaling of the ϵ values. The formalism is applied for discussing ϵ(ψ, φ, τ0, (hkl)) curves obtained with synchrotron radiation from a cold-rolled nickel plate. They indicate strongly non-linear variations of stress in a surface layer about two μm thick. Für einphasige vielkristalline Werkstoffe wird der Zusammenhang zwischen röntgenographisch ermittelten Dehnungen ϵ(ψ, φ) und den nach dem Abstand z von der Grenzfläche in Reihe entwikkelten Spannungskomponenten σφ(z) und σφ+90(z) erörtert. Es wird eine universelle Auftragung für ϵ(ψ, φ0, (hkl)) = ½(ϵ(ψ) + ϵ(ψ + 90))-Kurven vorgeschlagen, die für beliebige Eindringtiefen τ0 und reflektierende Netzebenen ermittelt werden. Es ergibt sich daraus auch die Möglichkeit, ϵ absolut zu bestimmen. Der Formalismus wird auf ϵ(ψ, φ, τ0, (hkl))-Kurven angewendet, die mittels Synchrotronstrahlung für ein kaltgewalztes Nickelblech erhalten wurden. Es ergeben sich stark nichtlineare Spannungsänderungen in einer etwa 2 μm dicken Oberflächenschicht.
Enhanced proapoptotic effects of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand on temozolomide-resistant glioma cells (2007)

Based on this work, one may infer that hTRAIL should be considered as an adjuvant treatment for TMZ-resistant human malignant gliomas.
Rerouting strategy research based on improved ant colony algorithm (2013)

Flight rerouting is an important strategy in the airspace with the limit of heavy weather and flight conflict. First, the grid method was utilized to build the model for diverting airspace environment based on numerical weather prediction features in severe weather. In considering the air traffic rules and aircraft performance, a new rerouting path planning method based on the improved ant colony algorithm was proposed under the limitation of changing times of heading, turning angels and flying distance. Finally, the flight path of Guiyang-Changsha was studied. Simulation results show that the proposed method can search a safe and feasible temporary flight rerouting path between the local flow constrained area and others, and improves the utilization rate of the airspace effectively.
How to keep score of acuity and dependency (2009)

This article describes how the introduction of an acuity and dependency tool at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust has provided nurses with a structure for gathering evidence about patient care levels, and discusses how this information is shared throughout the trust to improve patient outcomes and safety.
The Influence of Culture on Music Teaching and Learning (2004)

Music tells us something of the particular culture from which it comes... and each musical culture also has its own way of being processed... [The] musical culture of a society is very much affected by the way it is transmitted, learned and taught. If we wish to know why a music is as it is, one place to look is the system of transmission (Nettl, 1998, p. 27). There are many ways that teachers approach the transmission of music knowledge. This diversity is often the result of cultural influence. Differences between teaching styles can be evident in both the methods of teaching and the modes of communication used. The choice of specific teaching methods such as demonstration, rote learning, repetition, visual or verbal cues; and communication styles such as aural/oral or written modes can be determined by the cultural context in which the music is taught. This paper explores the extent to which culture influences the methods of teaching and modes of communication used within the music teaching and learning context. It presents data from a comparative study between Queensland and Karnatic (South Indian) instrumental music teachers. Both the similarities and differences between these two contexts will be discussed paying particular attention to how culture influences the ways in which these teachers teach. The paper will then suggest how this knowledge may be relevant to developing a model of teaching in the Australian classroom context.
Power scaling behavior of the relative intensity noise of quantum cascade lasers (2005)

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the relative intensity noise (RIN) of quantum cascade lasers (QCL). We find that the scaling behavior of RIN on the optical power depends on the number of cascaded gain stages.
Corpus Luteum Angiogenic Factor Is Related to Fibroblast Growth Factor* (1985)

An angiogenic growth factor present in bovine corpus luteum (CL) has been purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of differential salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and heparin-Sepharose chromatography. It is a single chain polypeptide with an apparent mol wt of 15,000 and an amino acid composition similar to that previously reported for pituitary and brain fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Sequence analysis of the first 17 residues of the CL-derived growth factor identified the sequence; His-Phe-Lys-Asp-Pro-Lys-Arg-Leu-Tyr-X-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-X-Phe-Leu. This sequence is identical to residues 16-33 of bovine pituitary and brain FGF, indicating that the CL-derived growth factor is an amino-terminally truncated form of FGF and is otherwise similar, if not identical, to FGF. The biological activity of CL FGF is indistinguishable from that of pituitary or brain FGF. It is highly active in triggering the proliferation of cultured bovine vascular endothelial cells derived either from large vessels (aortic arch) or from corpus luteum and adrenal cortex capillaries (half-maximal stimulation at 20-40 pg/ml and saturation at 400-600 pg/ml). In vivo implants containing 50 ng to 1 microgram CL-derived growth factor stimulate neovascularization in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. In addition to being mitogenic for vascular endothelial cells, CL FGF also stimulates the proliferation of a wide variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells, granulosa and adrenal cortex cells, rabbit costal chondrocytes, and corneal endothelial cells.
Forced Limb-Use Effects on the Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine (2001)

Rats with unilateral depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) show marked preferential use of the ipsilateral forelimb. Previous studies have shown that implementation of motor therapy after stroke improves functional outcome (Taub et al., 1999). Thus, we have examined the impact of forced use of the impaired forelimb during or soon after unilateral exposure to the DA neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In one group of animals, the nonimpaired forelimb was immobilized using a cast, which forced exclusive use of the impaired limb for the first 7 d after infusion. The animals that received a cast displayed no detectable impairment or asymmetry of limb use, could use the contralateral (impaired) forelimb independently for vertical and lateral weight shifting, and showed no contralateral turning to apomorphine. The behavioral effects were maintained throughout the 60 d of observation. In addition to the behavioral sparing, these animals showed remarkable sparing of striatal DA, its metabolites, and the expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter, suggesting a decrease in the extent of DA neuron degeneration. Behavioral and neurochemical sparing appeared to be complete when the 7 d period of immobilization was initiated immediately after 6-OHDA infusion, only partial sparing was evident when immobilization was initiated 3 d postoperatively, and no sparing was detected when immobilization was initiated 7 d after 6-OHDA treatment. These results suggest that physical therapy may be beneficial in Parkinson's disease.
Studies of thymocytopoiesis in rats and mice. I. Kinetics of appearance of thymocytes using a direct intrathymic adoptive transfer assay for thymocyte precursors. (1986)

We describe a quantitative intrathymic (i.t.) adoptive transfer system for detecting thymocyte precursor cells in rats and mice. In this system, the generation of donor-origin thymocytes is analyzed on the FACS after the injection of test cells directly into the thymus of sublethally irradiated, histocompatible, RT-7 (rat) or Ly-1 (mouse) alloantigen-disparate recipients. Like the standard i.v. adoptive transfer assays for prothymocytes, the i.t. transfer assay is time, dose, and irradiation dependent. However, unlike the i.v. assays, the i.t. assay is highly sensitive, independent of cell migration, and specific for T-lineage precursor cells. Thus, the i.t. system requires between 25- and 50-fold fewer precursor cells than do the i.v. systems to generate a given number of donor-origin thymocytes; it detects nonmigratory as well as migratory subsets of precursor cells; it detects prethymic and intrathymic precursor cells with equal facility; and it produces a discrete, self-limited wave of donor-origin thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Moreover, neither hemopoietic nor lymphopoietic stem cell chimerism occurs at extrathymic sites. Comparison of the kinetics of thymocytopoiesis in the i.t. and i.v. transfer systems suggest that the seeding efficiency of prothymocytes in the i.v. assay approximates 0.04; the lag phase of the time-response curve is not due to a delay in the entry of prothymocytes into the thymus; and the relative amount of thymocyte precursor activity in various lymphohemopoietic tissues is highest in bone marrow, lowest (or absent) in lymph node, and intermediate in spleen, blood, and thymus. Moreover, the occurrence of saturation kinetics in the dose-response curve of the i.t. system supports the hypothesis that a finite number of microenvironmental niches for prothymocytes may exist in the thymus. These initial observations will require confirmation and extension in future studies. However, based on the present findings and related observations, we anticipate that the i.t. adoptive transfer system will contribute importantly to the definitive analysis of both normal and abnormal thymocytopoiesis.
Anomaly Detection and Classification in Cellular Networks Using Automatic Labeling Technique for Applying Supervised Learning (2018)

Anomaly Detection (AD) is a promising new approach for quality control in e.g. operational telecommunications and data networks. In this paper we have applied Supervised Machine Learning (SML) to a set of long term observation time series from a Cellular/Wireless network. We have shown that periodically collected Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) can be analyzed by supervised ML. Generally, the network creates a new big data periodically when different KPIs from e.g. all the cells (sectors of each 2G/3G/4G/5G base station) are output to a remote Database. We have applied a single class support vector machine in the first phase to find out outliers in range based KPI values. Then LSTM RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) is used for deeper understanding of their behavior over time. Both profile based KPIs and range based KPIs are used to filter out the FP (False Positive) or FN (False Negative) anomaly candidates. In this study, we have applied a novel approach to automatically label the huge data into a supervised training set. This is possible when the meaning of major KPIs is well understood. Both a time series profile based prediction and a logical combination of acceptable value ranges (Min/Max) are used for Anomaly Filtering (AF). A Min or a Max condition is omitted in a single threshold case. AF is used both for AD and for automatic labelling of the training set for ML. Automated labelling with AF performed well also for any large dataset. The pure time series graph profile based KPIs without applicable limits were not used for labelling nor for AF. This technique gave us better results than unsupervised learning based AD. Our enhanced supervised AD decreased the number of FP anomalies from 33 to 0, while the total anomalies decreased from 35 uncertain cases to 2 TP (True Positive), 0 FN. Finally, KNN algorithm is used to classify test data sets. Our proposed method seems to solve several major problems in the field of Cellular/ Wireless, Fixed, [Packet (e.g. IP)] Data Networks as well as within related network side and user equipment. Automation in general, including medical/ any critical systems and equipment is another possible application domain. Automated labelling with AF performed well also for any large dataset.
Phase III Comparison of Depomedroxyprogesterone Acetate to Venlafaxine for Managing Hot Flashes: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N99C7 (2006)

A single MPA dose seems to be well tolerated and more effectively reduces hot flashes than does venlafaxine.
SmartRabbit: A Mobile Exergame Using Geolocation (2011)

This paper presents SmartRabbit and how the location-based games concepts were used in the development of this game. SmartRabbit is a mobile running game where players compete using a smart phone with GPS. This game was developed to show how a player's location can be used to create exergames and encourage people to practice exercises.
Crop Substitution and Diversification Strategies : Empirical Evidence from Selected Brazilian Municipalities (2005)

This report looks at crop substitution and diversification strategies adopted in Brazil to foster the transition from tobacco to alternative crops. It analyzes the efforts undertaken in some Brazilian municipalities to support small-scale family farmers in their transition from tobacco to other sustainable livelihoods. This analysis comprises three case studies in selected municipalities in the South region of Brazil: Santa Cruz do Sul, Schroeder and Santa Rosa de Lima. Although all are located in the two main tobacco-producing states, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, these municipalities show different degrees of economic dependence on tobacco and differences in their forms of insertion in the tobacco agro-industrial chain in Brazil.
The Complexity of Propositional Proofs (1995)

§1. Introduction . The classical propositional calculus has an undeserved reputation among logicians as being essentially trivial. I hope to convince the reader that it presents some of the most challenging and intriguing problems in modern logic. Although the problem of the complexity of propositional proofs is very natural, it has been investigated systematically only since the late 1960s. Interest in the problem arose from two fields connected with computers, automated theorem proving and computational complexity theory. The earliest paper in the subject is a ground-breaking article by Tseitin [62], the published version of a talk given in 1966 at a Leningrad seminar. In the three decades since that talk, substantial progress has been made in determining the relative complexity of proof systems, and in proving strong lower bounds for some restricted proof systems. However, major problems remain to challenge researchers. The present paper provides a survey of the field, and of some of the techniques that have proved successful in deriving lower bounds on the complexity of proofs. A major area only touched upon here is the proof theory of bounded arithmetic and its relation to the complexity of propositional proofs. The reader is referred to the book by Buss [10] for background in bounded arithmetic. The forthcoming book by Krajíček [40] also gives a good introduction to bounded arithmetic, as well as covering most of the basic results in complexity of propositional proofs.