gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of protein adsorption on gold nanoparticle with variable protein structure and nanoparticle size (2015)

The spontaneous protein adsorption on nanomaterial surfaces and the formation of a protein corona around nanoparticles are poorly understood physical phenomena, with high biological relevance. The complexity arises mainly due to the poor knowledge of the structural orientation of the adsorbed proteins onto the nanoparticle surface and difficulties in correlating the protein nanoparticle interaction to the protein corona in real time scale. Here, we provide quantitative insights into the kinetics, number, and binding orientation of a few common blood proteins when they interact with citrate and cetyltriethylammoniumbromide stabilized spherical gold nanoparticles with variable sizes. The kinetics of the protein adsorption was studied experimentally by monitoring the change in hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the nanoparticle-protein complex. To understand the competitive binding of human serum albumin and hemoglobin, time dependent fluorescence quenching was studied using dual fluorophore tags. We have performed molecular docking of three different proteins--human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and hemoglobin--on different nanoparticle surfaces to elucidate the possible structural orientation of the adsorbed protein. Our data show that the growth kinetics of a protein corona is exclusively dependent on both protein structure and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. The study quantitatively suggests that a general physical law of protein adsorption is unlikely to exist as the interaction is unique and specific for a given pair.
Changes of Anthocyanins, Anthocyanidins, and Antioxidant Activity in Bilberry Extract during Dry Heating (2008)

Thermal stability of 10 anthocyanins found in a bilberry extract was studied at different heating temperatures and times. Degradation of the 10 anthocyanins, delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin derivat with different conjugated sugars, followed 1st-order reaction kinetics at heating temperatures 80, 100, and 125 degrees C. Though the degradation rate constants of anthocyanins were not significantly different from each other at the same heating temperature, they increased drastically when heating temperature was increased to 125 degrees C. At that temperature, the half-lives for all anthocyanins were less than 8 min. The degradation rate constants followed the Arrhenius equation. The trend of lower activation energy of the anthocyanins with arabinoside than with galactoside or glucoside was observed. These conjugated sugars were cleaved from the anthocyanins to produce their corresponding anthocyanidins or aglycones during heating. The production of anthocyanidins increased con stantly and was converted from approximately 30% of the degraded anthocyanins when heated at 100 degrees C for up to 30 min. At 125 degrees C, the increase of anthocyanidins lasted for 10 min, after which the degradation rate of anthocyanidins exceeded the production rate. Antioxidant activities of the heated extracts were estimated by measuring DPPH (2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity. The extracts heated at 80 degrees C for 30 min, 100 degrees C for 10 and 20 min, and 125 degrees C for 10 min had higher free radical scavenging capability than unheated extract.
CLUSTERGEN: a statistical parametric synthesizer using trajectory modeling (2006)

Unit selection synthesis has shown itself to be capable of producing high quality natural sounding synthetic speech when constructed from large databases of well-recorded, well-labeled speech. However, the cost in time and expertise of building such voices is still too expensive and specialized to be able to build individual voices for everyone. The quality in unit selection synthesis is directly related to the quality and size of the database used. As we require our speech synthesizers to have more variation, style and emotion, for unit selection synthesis, much larger databases will be required. As an alternative, more recently we have started looking for parametric models for speech synthesis, that are still trained from databases of natural speech but are more robust to errors and allow for better modeling of variation. This paper presents the CLUSTERGEN synthesizer which is implemented within the Festival/FestVox voice building environment. As well as the basic technique, three methods of modeling dynamics in the signal are presented and compared: a simple point model, a basic trajectory model and a trajectory model with overlap and add. Index Terms: speech synthesis, statistical parametric synthesis, trajectory HMMs.
Sampling-bias-corrected neural modeling for large corpus item recommendations (2019)

Many recommendation systems retrieve and score items from a very large corpus. A common recipe to handle data sparsity and power-law item distribution is to learn item representations from its content features. Apart from many content-aware systems based on matrix factorization, we consider a modeling framework using two-tower neural net, with one of the towers (item tower) encoding a wide variety of item content features. A general recipe of training such two-tower models is to optimize loss functions calculated from in-batch negatives, which are items sampled from a random mini-batch. However, in-batch loss is subject to sampling biases, potentially hurting model performance, particularly in the case of highly skewed distribution. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for estimating item frequency from streaming data. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, we show that the proposed algorithm can work without requiring fixed item vocabulary, and is capable of producing unbiased estimation and being adaptive to item distribution change. We then apply the sampling-bias-corrected modeling approach to build a large scale neural retrieval system for YouTube recommendations. The system is deployed to retrieve personalized suggestions from a corpus with tens of millions of videos. We demonstrate the effectiveness of sampling-bias correction through offline experiments on two real-world datasets. We also conduct live A/B testings to show that the neural retrieval system leads to improved recommendation quality for YouTube.
Appendicular Bone Density and Age Predict Hip Fracture in Women (1990)

To determine whether measurement of bone density predicts hip fracture in women, we prospectively studied 9703 nonblack women aged 65 years and older who had measurements of bone mineral density using single-photon absorptiometry in the calcaneus, distal radius, and proximal radius. During an average of 1.6 years of follow-up, 53 hip fractures occurred. The risk of hip fracture was inversely related to bone density at all three measurement sites. After adjusting for age, the relative risk of hip fracture was 1.66 for a decrease of 1 SD in the bone density at the calcaneus (95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 2.26), 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.11) at the distal radius, and 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.88) at the proximal radius. None of the three measurements was a significantly better predictor of hip fracture than the others. After adjusting for bone mineral density, the risk of hip fracture doubled for each 10-year increase in age (relative risk, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 3.33). We conclude that decreased bone density in the appendicular skeleton is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, but this accounts for only part of the age-related increase in risk of hip fracture among older women.
A Charge-Based Model for Long-Channel Cylindrical Surrounding-Gate MOSFETs From Intrinsic Channel to Heavily Doped Body (2008)

A charge-based model is presented for long-channel cylindrical surrounding-gate (SRG) MOSFETs from an intrinsic channel to a heavily doped body. The model derivation is based on an accurate inversion charge solution of Poisson's equation in a cylindrical coordinate system. The general drain-current equation is obtained from Pao-Sah's dual integral, which is expressed as a function of inversion charge at the source and drain terminals. The model is valid for all regions of operation without employing any smoothing function. The model has been extensively verified by numerical simulations with a wide range of SRG MOSFET geometry parameters and channel doping concentrations, including the undoped channel.
Robust LCC compensation in wireless power transfer with variable coupling factor due to coil misalignment (2015)

The paper provides an investigation of a possible application of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to recharge the battery of a short-distance electric vehicle. The performance of the WPT system working at 85 kHz is first investigated by simulations. A robust LCC compensation network suitably tuned is then investigated with the goal to analyze the influence of design parameters on the compensation strategy. Particular attention is addressed to evaluate the deterioration of the WPT system performance due to coil misalignment. Finally, the WPT performances are evaluated demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed WPT technology.
Structural and transfection properties of amine‐substituted gemini surfactant‐based nanoparticles (2007)

The incorporation of a pH-active imino group within the spacer of the gemini surfactant results in a significant increase in transfection efficiency that can be related to both pH-induced changes in nanoparticle structure and the formation of multiple phases that more readily allow for membrane fusion that may facilitate DNA release.
ISO vs HACCP : health and safety (2011)

Readers approached FOOD REVIEW to clarify the difference between ISO 22000 and SANS 10330. Juanita Low, director/lead auditor at ProCert Southern Africa, explains the differences between ISO 22000 and SANS 10330 by comparing the clauses of the two standards.
Mechanism of imidazole catalysis in the curing of epoxy resins (1983)

Abstract The mechanism of imidazole catalysis in the curing of epoxy resins was studied using the PGE/1‐methylimidazole, 2‐methylimidazole, and 1,2‐dimethylimidazole model systems and another model system based on trichloromethylethylene oxide. It was demonstrated that imidazolium systems, generated in the curing reaction, show an inherent instability leading to cleavage of an NC bond or the 2‐CH bond (2‐unsubstituted imidazoles). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was used to follow specific changes in the IR spectrum of the curing mixture during polymerization. The identification of carbonyl absorptions occurring during the polymerization led to the conclusion that ketone formation is a general occurrence in the cure of epoxides with nitrogen compounds. We have also shown that imidazoles are regenerated during the curing process by at least two routes. One pathway for the regeneration of the catalyst involves N ‐dealkylation of the imidazole via a substitution process. Another route, β‐elimination, afforded carbonyl compounds, which account for the previously unexplained appearence of infrared bands in the 1650–1770 cm −1 region during the curing process. These investigations demonstrated the true catalytic function of the imidazole. Possible mechanisms for the regeneration of the catalyst are also suggested.
Oxyresveratrol dampens neuroimmune responses in vivo: a selective effect on TNF-α (2006)

Consumption of nutrients rich in hydroxystilbenes has been promoted because of their health benefits, including dampening of inflammatory responses. However, few studies have examined their effects in vivo. Here, we show that the hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol (trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: o-RES) blocked hypothermia but caused no significant effect on the febrile response to the immune stimulus, bacterial LPS in rats. This was associated with a reduction in the LPS-induced plasma cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-6. Both IL-6-stimulated STAT-3 and LPS-induced cycoloxygenase-2 expression in the hypothalamus were not affected by o-RES. These data strongly suggest that the o-RES-induced dampening of neuroimmune responses is largely due to its inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha production. In contrast to in vitro experiments, o-RES has no direct effect on NF-kappaB signaling pathway in vivo. The specific inhibitory effect of o-RES on TNF-alpha opens new avenues for the clinical use of o-RES in pathological conditions where excessive production of TNF-alpha is deleterious.
Cardiorespiratory motion‐tracking via self‐refocused rosette navigators (2019)

The proposed method yields accurate respiratory and cardiac motion-state tracking, requiring only a short (1.76 ms) additional navigator module, which is self-refocusing and imposes minimal constraints on sequence design.
Fast Computation of Explanations for Inconsistency in Large-Scale Knowledge Graphs (2020)

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are essential resources for many applications including Web search and question answering. As KGs are often automatically constructed, they may contain incorrect facts. Detecting them is a crucial, yet extremely expensive task. Prominent solutions detect and explain inconsistency in KGs with respect to accompanying ontologies that describe the KG domain of interest. Compared to machine learning methods they are more reliable and human-interpretable but scale poorly on large KGs. In this paper, we present a novel approach to dramatically speed up the process of detecting and explaining inconsistency in large KGs by exploiting KG abstractions that capture prominent data patterns. Though much smaller, KG abstractions preserve inconsistency and their explanations. Our experiments with large KGs (e.g., DBpedia and Yago) demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and show that it significantly outperforms the popular baseline.
Dimethyl fumarate targets GAPDH and aerobic glycolysis to modulate immunity (2018)

Activated immune cells undergo a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis akin to the Warburg effect, thereby presenting a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune disease. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivative of the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate, is an immunomodulatory drug used to treat multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Although its therapeutic mechanism remains uncertain, DMF covalently modifies cysteine residues in a process termed succination. We found that DMF succinates and inactivates the catalytic cysteine of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in mice and humans, both in vitro and in vivo. It thereby down-regulates aerobic glycolysis in activated myeloid and lymphoid cells, which mediates its anti-inflammatory effects. Our results provide mechanistic insight into immune modulation by DMF and represent a proof of concept that aerobic glycolysis is a therapeutic target in autoimmunity.
Fluoride-Based, Low Temperature Solid Electrolyte Fuel Cell (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Lanthanum fluoride electrolytes were tested to determine whether fluoride electrolytes can be used as fuel cell electrolytes at low temperatures. The planar-type fuel cell were operated in oxygen/hydrogen gases with nickel oxide/nickel as the anode and a perovskite-structure oxide (La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>CoO<sub>3</sub>) as the cathode. In order to reduce the fuel cell operating temperature while maintaining the highest possible current, various thin and thick film techniques were assessed. They include e-beam evaporation and DC plasma spray methods. Fuel cells incorporating plasma-sprayed LaF<sub>3</sub> films yielded a short-circuit current density on the order of 0.4 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 450°C, and the current density under an overpotential of 0.2V showed no sign of decay over 17 hours. In the co-ionic (fluoride and oxide ion) conduction mode, the lanthanum fluoride electrolyte based fuel cells could sustain current in oxygen/hydrogen gases.</div>
The impact of glyphosate‐tolerant crops on the use of other herbicides and on resistance management (2000)

Glyphosate can now be used for selective, post-emergence weed control in glyphosate-tolerant varieties of soybeans, cotton, canola and maize. It is estimated that glyphosate-tolerant soybeans in the US will account for 60–80% of the area planted by 2001. The rapid acceptance of this new technology is due to multiple factors including broad-spectrum weed control, low cost and simplicity. The use of glyphosate has resulted in a major reduction in the use of other herbicides including the ACCase inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, and Protox inhibitors. In the short term (three to five years) this change in herbicide use patterns will continue. In the long term (five to eight years), the primary reliance on glyphosate for weed control particularly in continuous cropping or in rotations of glyphosate-tolerant crops will result in a shift in the weed spectrum toward more tolerant weed species. As a result of this shift, other herbicides will be needed to fill these weed gaps. Continuous use of glyphosate may also lead to the selection of glyphosate-resistant weed populations, as has already occurred in Australia. However, shifts in the weed species' composition from highly susceptible toward more tolerant species will happen more rapidly than selection of resistance. New herbicides developed in the future will have to be extremely cost-effective to compete against glyphosate and may be geared towards controlling weeds tolerant to glyphosate. There will also be further development of new tolerant crops to other broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicides that will be able to compete directly with glyphosate. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioactivity of cholecystokinin analogues: CCK-8 is not more potent than CCK-33 (1984)

We determined the relative molar potencies of structural analogues of porcine cholecystokinin (CCK-39, CCK-33, CCK-8, and caerulein). Peptide concentrations delivered in infusates or present in bathing medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. The presence of albumin prevented loss of CCK-39 and CCK-33 from solution to a greater degree than loss of CCK-8 and caerulein from solution. As much as 10-fold differences in CCK-33 and CCK-39 concentrations were seen in albumin-containing versus nonalbumin-containing infusates. The potency estimates calculated from radioimmunoassay-corrected concentrations with CCK-8 as standard (potency 1.00) were canine pancreatic secretion in vivo: CCK-39 4.1, CCK-33 2.2, and caerulein 2.1; rat pancreatic secretion in vivo: CCK-39 2.1, CCK-33 5.4, and caerulein 5.4; rat pancreatic secretion in vitro: CCK-33 1.7, and caerulein 1.2; guinea pig gallbladder contraction in vivo: CCK-33 1.3, and caerulein 0.9; and guinea pig gallbladder contraction in vitro: CCK-33 1.8, and caerulein 5.8. Our data indicate that CCK-8 is not more potent than longer analogues and suggest that larger forms of CCK may be important mediators of the biological actions of CCK.
Making reliable distributed systems in the presence of software errors (2003)

The work described in this thesis is the result of aresearch program started in 1981 to find better ways ofprogramming Telecom applications. These applications are largeprograms which despite careful testing will probably containmany errors when the program is put into service. We assumethat such programs do contain errors, and investigate methodsfor building reliable systems despite such errors. The research has resulted in the development of a newprogramming language (called Erlang), together with a designmethodology, and set of libraries for building robust systems(called OTP). At the time of writing the technology describedhere is used in a number of major Ericsson, and Nortelproducts. A number of small companies have also been formedwhich exploit the technology. The central problem addressed by this thesis is the problemof constructing reliablesystems from programs which maythemselves contain errors. Constructing such systems imposes anumber of requirements on any programming language that is tobe used for the construction. I discuss these languagerequirements, and show how they are satisfied by Erlang. Problems can be solved in a programming language, or in thestandard libraries which accompany the language. I argue howcertain of the requirements necessary to build a fault-tolerantsystem are solved in the language, and others are solved in thestandard libraries. Together these form a basis for buildingfault-tolerant software systems. No theory is complete without proof that the ideas work inpractice. To demonstrate that these ideas work in practice Ipresent a number of case studies of large commerciallysuccessful products which use this technology. At the time ofwriting the largest of these projects is a major Ericssonproduct, having over a million lines of Erlang code. Thisproduct (the AXD301) is thought to be one of the most reliableproducts ever made by Ericsson. Finally, I ask if the goal of finding better ways to programTelecom applications was fulfilled --- I also point to areaswhere I think the system could be improved.
Effect of retinoic acid on wound healing of laser burns to porcine retinal pigment epithelium. (1996)

Retinoic acid inhibited wound healing of laser burns to porcine RPE. This effect may illustrate a role for retinoic acid in the pharmacotherapy of proliferative disorders.
공익광고에 함의된 은유소구의 서술구조 연구 -그레마스의 행동자 모델을 중심으로- (2012)

광고에서의 은유소구는 호기심을 유발하여 전달하려는 메시지를 보다 효과적으로 받아들이는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 공익광고에 있어서 은유소구의 서술구조를 살펴보고, 메시지 전달의 축을 이루는 결핍의 대상을 획득하는 주체와 객체의 설득 구조를 그레마스의 행동자 모델을 위주로 대입하여 분석하고, 이를 통해 은유소구 형식의 공익광고들의 발신자와 수신자간의 상호관계와 역할, 그리고 혜택의 수혜자를 규명하고 행동자간의 관계와 역할을 추출하였다. 4편의 공익광고에서는 공히 결핍의 주체와 혜택의 수신자는 설득의 주체인 수신자이다. 추구대상의 메시지를 지시하는 발신자는 각각의 표현 컨셉으로 나타나는 ``작은 실천``, ``자연보호``, ``물의 절약``, 인터넷 예절`` 등이다. 그리고 주체의 결핍과 가치추구의 연접을 위한 협조자는 해당 공익광고들이다. 각각의 발신자들 또한 나름의 주제로 메시지를 수신자에게 보내고 있으며, 협조자들은 광고의 컨셉과 설득의 유효한 수단인 은유의 소구로 주체의 결핍을 추구할 수 있도록 도와주고 있다. 또한 방해자들은 수신자들의 이기심의 틈새를 비집고 들어와 수신자들의 가치추구를 방해하고 있다. 아울러 효율적인 광고 소구기법의 하나로 크리에이 터들이 많이 활용하고 있는 은유소구 기법은 ``화제(비교 되는 요소)``와 ``매체(비교하는 요소)``의 은유과정에서 ``화제``를 잘 설득시킬 ``매체``가 차용되어야 하겠으며, 또한 적절한 수신자의 지식수준이 함의되어야 은유소구의 공익광고 효과는 배가될 것이다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 은유소구의 방법을 통한 크리에이티브의 향상 방안을 모색하는 준거의 틀로 활용될수 있기를 기대한다.