gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of nanoscale arrays of coupled metal dots (1996)

We report on a synthetic strategy for fabrication of close-packed planar arrays of nanometer diameter metal clusters. The clusters are single fcc crystals of gold, each encapsulated by a monolayer of alkyl thiol molecules. They are electronically coupled by means of aryl dithiol molecules. This structure, which is of interest for developing nanoscale electronics, is created using molecular self-assembly methods. It should prove possible to tune the conductivity of such arrays from the metallic limit to the insulating limit by controlling the size of the gold clusters and the strength of the electronic coupling between them.
Synthesis gas conversion to liquid fuels using promoted fused-iron catalysts (1981)

This study was carried out with the objective of preparing more active and stable nitrided iron catalysts for the conversion of synthesis gas to a product with a high alcohol content that could be used directly as an automotive fuel or converted to a gasoline-like product over a shape selective zeolite in a dual reactor unit. The rationale is given for the preparation of a molybdenum-promoted nitrided fused iron catalyst. Catalyst characterization yielded equivocal results as to whether a mixed Fe-Mo nitride was formed. Regardless of the nature of the Mo-containing species, these catalysts were significantly more active than unpromoted nitrided fused iron catalyst. Characterization of fused iron catalysts using thermogravimetric analysis indicated the rates of reduction, carburization, and nitriding were strongly dependent on reaction temperature and particle size as well as the nature of the promoter. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated the metal crystallite size of the reduced catalysts was strongly dependent on reduction temperature. A microreactor unit capable of on-line gas chromatographic analysis was constructed for the screening of a variety of carbided iron catalysts. The carbon number distribution obtained using a carbided fused iron catalyst was found to correlate with the Anderson-Schluz-Flory equation.
HUMAN LIVER ALLOGRAFT ACCEPTANCE AND THE ???TOLERANCE ASSAY???: IN VITRO ANTI-DONOR T CELL ASSAYS SHOW HYPOREACTIVITY TO DONOR CELLS, BUT UNLIKE DTH, FAIL TO DETECT LINKED SUPPRESSION1 (2001)

Human allograft acceptance is associated with immune regulation, characterized by donor-antigen-linked suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). We wished to determine if "classical" in vitro assays of alloreactivity could also detect linked suppression and thus be useful in the clinical diagnosis of active immune regulation. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a group of eight liver transplant recipients, one of whom had stopped all immunosuppression 4.5 years ago yet continues to have good graft function (graft acceptor). The regulator phenotype was defined as the ability to suppress a DTH response to a recall antigen in the presence of donor antigen. Using the trans vivo DTH test, we identified four regulators, and four nonregulators. When we tested two of the regulators for in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL), we found both patients to be specifically hyporesponsive to donor compared with third-party B-LCL stimulators. However, in contrast to the linked suppression of DTH seen when a given B-LCL expressed donor-type HLA-B antigens, there was no evidence of linked suppression in vitro, either in CTL, proliferative, or interferon-gamma cytokine release assays. The primary CTL hyporesponsiveness to donor B-LCL could not be reversed by neutralizing antibodies to transforming growth factor beta or interleukin-10, which could restore a strong DTH response to donor B-LCL. We conclude that DTH analysis can readily detect donor antigen-linked suppression in liver transplant recipients. CTL and MLC tests failed to do so. These findings may be relevant to the development of a tolerance assay suitable for use in clinical trials.
Capping of mammalian U6 small nuclear RNA in vitro is directed by a conserved stem-loop and AUAUAC sequence: conversion of a noncapped RNA into a capped RNA. (1990)

The cap structure of U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is gamma-monomethyl phosphate and is distinct from other known RNA cap structures (R. Singh and R. Reddy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8280-8283, 1989). Here we show that the information for capping the U6 snRNA in vitro is within the initial 25 nucleotides of the U6 RNA. The capping determinant in mammalian U6 snRNA is a bipartite element--a phylogenetically conserved stem-loop structure and an AUAUAC sequence, or a part thereof, following this stem-loop. Wild-type capping efficiency was obtained when the AUAUAC motif immediately followed the stem-loop and when the gamma-phosphate of the initiation nucleotide was in close proximity to the capping determinant. Incorporation of a synthetic stem-loop followed by an AUAUAC sequence is sufficient to covert a noncapped heterologous transcript into a capped transcript. Transcripts with the initial 32 nucleotides of Saccharomyces cerevisiae U6 snRNA are accurately capped in HeLa cell extract, indicating that capping machinery from HeLa cells can cap U6 snRNA from an evolutionarily distant eucaryote. The U6-snRNA-specific capping is unusual in that it is RNA sequence dependent, while the capping of mRNAs and other U snRNAs is tightly coupled to transcription and is independent of the RNA sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: UV‐Light‐Induced Oxide Formation on GaAs Surfaces. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Official Methods of Analysis of (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOfficial Methods of Analysis ofCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 2, 148APublication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 1 February 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a726RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (758 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Auditory filter shapes in subjects with unilateral and bilateral cochlear impairments (1986)

The shape of the auditory filter was estimated at three center frequencies, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz, for five subjects with unilateral cochlear impairments. Additional measurements were made at 1.0 kHz using one subject with a unilateral impairment and six subjects with bilateral impairments. Subjects were chosen who had thresholds in the impaired ears which were relatively flat as a function of frequency and ranged from 15 to 70 dB HL. The filter shapes were estimated by measuring thresholds for sinusoidal signals (frequency f) in the presence of two bands of noise, 0.4 f wide, one above and one below f. The spectrum level of the noise was 50 dB (re: 20 mu Pa) and the noise bands were placed both symmetrically and asymmetrically about the signal frequency. The deviation of the nearer edge of each noise band from f varied from 0.0 to 0.8 f. For the normal ears, the filters were markedly asymmetric for center frequencies of 1.0 and 2.0 kHz, the high-frequency branch being steeper. At 0.5 kHz, the filters were more symmetric. For the impaired ears, the filter shapes varied considerably from one subject to another. For most subjects, the lower branch of the filter was much less steep than normal. The upper branch was often less steep than normal, but a few subjects showed a near normal upper branch. For the subjects with unilateral impairments, the equivalent rectangular bandwidth of the filter was always greater for the impaired ear than for the normal ear at each center frequency. For three subjects at 0.5 kHz and one subject at 1.0 kHz, the filter had too little selectivity for its shape to be determined.
An assessment of the Sartorius MD8 microbiological air sampler (1996)

Tests described in this paper show that gelatine membrane filters used in the MD8 microbiological air sampling system collected monodispersed aerosols between 0.7 and 1.0 microns containing viable Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores, with an efficiency of 99.9995%. Gelatine membrane filters linked to the MD8 control pump system were as effective as the well established Casella slit-to-agar device for collecting some viable bacteria, nebulized under controlled experimental conditions and naturally occurring airborne micro-organisms in a pharmaceutical plant. By using a long flexible hose connection to the control pump, the head could be positioned where sampling was required in locations remote from the pump exhaust, making it suitable for microbiological monitoring in critical locations such as laminar flow stations and isolators.
Method to Produce Durable Pellets at Lower Energy Consumption Using High Moisture Corn Stover and a Corn Starch Binder in a Flat Die Pellet Mill (2016)

A major challenge in the production of pellets is the high cost associated with drying biomass from 30 to 10% (w.b.) moisture content. At Idaho National Laboratory, a high-moisture pelleting process was developed to reduce the drying cost. In this process the biomass pellets are produced at higher feedstock moisture contents than conventional methods, and the high moisture pellets produced are further dried in energy efficient dryers. This process helps to reduce the feedstock moisture content by about 5-10% during pelleting, which is mainly due to frictional heat developed in the die. The objective of this research was to explore how binder addition influences the pellet quality and energy consumption of the high-moisture pelleting process in a flat die pellet mill. In the present study, raw corn stover was pelleted at moistures of 33, 36, and 39% (w.b.) by addition of 0, 2, and 4% pure corn starch. The partially dried pellets produced were further dried in a laboratory oven at 70 °C for 3-4 hr to lower the pellet moisture to less than 9% (w.b.). The high moisture and dried pellets were evaluated for their physical properties, such as bulk density and durability. The results indicated that increasing the binder percentage to 4% improved pellet durability and reduced the specific energy consumption by 20-40% compared to pellets with no binder. At higher binder addition (4%), the reduction in feedstock moisture during pelleting was <4%, whereas the reduction was about 7-8% without the binder. With 4% binder and 33% (w.b.) feedstock moisture content, the bulk density and durability values observed of the dried pellets were >510 kg/m(3) and >98%, respectively, and the percent fine particles generated was reduced to <3%.
The Proposal for Reliability Improvement of Emergency Diesel Engines through the Evaluation of the Maintenance Program and Overseas Cases for their Applications (2004)

The failure frequency of the Emergency Diesel Generator(EDG) at Nuclear Power Plants(NPPs) is not so much lower than that of the Marine engines, whereas the running hours of the diesel engine at NPPs is much less than those of the engines for commercial service. The primary factor results from the severe surveillance test requirements such as fast start, large number of starting test, fast load-run, high load running, etc. The other factor comes from the excessive maintenance based on the engine maker's instruction manual that did not incorporate the peculiar characteristics of the diesel engines at NPPs. In this paper, the present preventive maintenance program on the basis of the Pielstick diesel engines was reviewed for the purpose of securing the reliability of the emergency diesel generator at NPPs and the ways for its improvement were presented by referring to the overseas cases for their applications.
Semiconductor wafer bonding (2006)

Abstract When mirror‐polished, flat, and clean wafers are brought into contact, they are locally attracted to each other and adhere or bond. This phenomenon is known as semiconductor wafer bonding. Different adhesion forces (van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding) are the reason for the bonding effect at room temperature. The different bonding mechanisms acting in dependence on the surface conditions (hydrophilic, hydrophobic) are reviewed. Variations of the properties of bonded interfaces (structural, mechanical, electrical) during annealing are discussed. The focus is on low‐temperature bonding techniques. Reasons for the formation of interface defects are presented. Applications of semiconductor wafer bonding for future developments are briefly summarized. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differentiation Ability of Rat Postnatal Dental Pulp Cells <i>in Vitro</i> (2005)

The current rapid progression in stem cell research has enhanced our knowledge of dental tissue regeneration. In this study, rat dental pulp cells were isolated and their differentiation ability was evaluated. First, dental pulp cells were obtained from maxillary incisors of male Wistar rats. Immunochemistry by stem cell marker STRO-1 proved the existence of stem cells or progenitors in the isolated cell population. The dissociated cells were then cultured both on smooth surfaces and on three-dimensional (3-D) scaffold materials in medium supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate, dexamethasone, and L-ascorbic acid. Cultures were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy and, on proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were determined and the polymerase chain reaction was performed for dentin sialophosphoprotein, osteocalcin, and collagen type I. These cells showed the ability to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and produced calcified nodules, which had components similar to dentin. In addition, we found that the "odontogenic" properties of the isolated cells were supported by three-dimensional calcium phosphate and titanium scaffolds equally well.
Effectiveness of probiotics in the management of inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review protocol (2018)

The questions of this systematic review are: i) What is the effectiveness of probiotics as a therapeutic intervention for individuals living with inflammatory arthritis? ii) What are the reported adverse effects of probiotics when used as a therapeutic intervention for individuals living with inflammatory arthritis?
Design of protein–membrane interaction inhibitors by virtual ligand screening, proof of concept with the C2 domain of factor V (2007)

Most orally bioavailable drugs on the market are competitive inhibitors of catalytic sites, but a significant number of targets remain undrugged, because their molecular functions are believed to be inaccessible to drug-like molecules. This observation specifically applies to the development of small-molecule inhibitors of macromolecular interactions such as protein-membrane interactions that have been essentially neglected thus far. Nonetheless, many proteins containing a membrane-targeting domain play a crucial role in health and disease, and the inhibition of such interactions therefore represents a very promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we demonstrate the use of combined in silico structure-based virtual ligand screening and surface plasmon resonance experiments to identify compounds that specifically disrupt protein-membrane interactions. Computational analysis of several membrane-binding domains revealed they all contain a druggable pocket within their membrane-binding region. We applied our screening protocol to the second discoidin domain of coagulation factor V and screened >300,000 drug-like compounds in silico against two known crystal structure forms. For each C2 domain structure, the top 500 molecules predicted as likely factor V-membrane inhibitors were evaluated in vitro. Seven drug-like hits were identified, indicating that therapeutic targets that bind transiently to the membrane surface can be investigated cost-effectively, and that inhibitors of protein-membrane interactions can be designed.
Using finite impulse response feedback DACs to design /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators based on LC filters (2005)

This paper proposes a general method to design the noise-transfer-function of a continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator having high-order passive LC loop filters. The feedback signals can have arbitrary shapes and can be applied either at internal nodes or only at the input node. As a design example, this technique is used to design a 4th order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator where the internal nodes of the loop filter are removed for a more efficient circuit implementation.
Synthesis and properties of aromatic polyamides derived from 1,7-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene and various aromatic dicarboxylic acids (1996)

A series of novel bis(phenoxy)naphthalene-containing polyamides having inherent viscosity up to 2.02 dL/g were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of the diamine 1,7-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. Most of the polyamides could be readily dissolved in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide and NMP, and could be solution-cast into transparent, flexible, and tough films. These polymers had glass transition temperatures in the range of 139–263°C, and 10% weight loss temperatures in nitrogen and air were above 499 and 484°C, respectively. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The human genome encodes at least three non‐allellic G proteins with α<sub>i</sub>‐type subunits (1987)

The amino acid sequence and composition of alpha-subunits of signal transducing G proteins of the same kind appear to vary by no more than 2% from species to species. Here we isolated a human liver cDNA using an oligonucleotide complementary to the sequences encoding the pertussis toxin (PTX) ADP-ribosylation site of the alpha-subunit of the rat brain G protein called Gi. Its open reading frame characterizes it as an alpha i-type cDNA--as opposed to alpha o-type--but predicts an amino acid composition that differs by 7% and 14%, respectively, from two other human alpha i-type molecules. Together with human brain alpha i (type-1) and human monocyte alpha i (type-2), the new human liver alpha i cDNA (type-3) forms parts of a family of alpha i molecules. Type-3 alpha i cDNA hybridizes to a approximately 3.6 kilobase long mRNA and type-2 alpha i cDNA hybridizes to an mRNA species of approximately 2.7 kilobases. This indicates that the human genome has at least three non-allellic genes encoding non-alpha o-type PTX substrates and provides structural evidence for the hypothesis that distinct effector systems are regulated by similar but nevertheless distinct PTX substrates.
<i>CC2D2A</i>mutations in Meckel and Joubert syndromes indicate a genotype-phenotype correlation (2009)

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a lethal fetal disorder characterized by diffuse renal cystic dysplasia, polydactyly, a brain malformation that is usually occipital encephalocele, and/or vermian agenesis, with intrahepatic biliary duct proliferation. Joubert syndrome (JBS) is a viable neurological disorder with a characteristic "molar tooth sign" (MTS) on axial images reflecting cerebellar vermian hypoplasia/dysplasia. Both conditions are classified as ciliopathies with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Allelism of MKS and JBS has been reported for TMEM67/MKS3, CEP290/MKS4, and RPGRIP1L/MKS5. Recently, one homozygous splice mutation with a founder effect was reported in the CC2D2A gene in Finnish fetuses with MKS, defining the 6th locus for MKS. Shortly thereafter, CC2D2A mutations were also reported in JBS. The analysis of the CC2D2A gene in our series of MKS fetuses, identified 14 novel truncating mutations in 11 cases. These results confirm the involvement of CC2D2A in MKS and reveal a major contribution of CC2D2A to the disease. We also identified three missense CC2D2A mutations in two JBS cases. Therefore, and in accordance with the data reported regarding RPGRIP1L, our results indicate phenotype-genotype correlations, as missense and presumably hypomorphic mutations lead to JBS while all null alleles lead to MKS.
Changes of Macromolecular Chain Conformations Induced by Shear Flow (1995)

From light scattering measurements on polymer solutions subject to shear flow, the molecular orientation and all three main radii of the ellipsoidal gyration space of the polymer coils are determined by both variation of the wavelength of the incident light and the detection position. The observed coil deformability is much weaker than predicted by theory, while the shear induced orientation proves to be a complicated function of solution properties. On the basis of a series of investigations the specific contributions of hydrodynamic and thermodynamic interactions are discussed.
New efficient blue light emitting polymer for light emitting diodes (1999)

The synthesis, by the Suzuki coupling reaction, of a novel soluble blue light emitting polymer, poly{(9,9-dihexyl-2,7-fluorene–alt-co-[2,5-bis(decyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]} (PDHFDDOP) is reported. PDHFDDOP exhibits photoluminescence (PL quantum efficiency of 40% in neat films) and electroluminescence (EL) with deep blue emission.
Genome-wide association study on the association between 10q13 region and shaft cross-sectional area (2018)

Objective
Osteoporosis has become a severe public health problem. Variation in bone geometry has played an important role in osteoporosis development. But its genetic mechanism remains to be identified.


Methods
In the present study, aiming to identify genetic loci associated with femoral neck shaft cross-sectional area (CSA), we conducted a genome-wide association study in the Framingham Heart Study involvoing 5822 pedigree participants. All involved participants were measured by a dual energy X-ray bone-densitometer, and were genotyped by the Affymetrix high-throughput genotyping array. The 1000 genome project sequence variants were used to impute un-typed genotypes.


Results
Our analyses identified a novel locus 10q13 (rs1963966, P=3.17×10-8) for CSA at the genome-wide significance level (α=5.0×10-8). Bioinformatics and functional analyses demonstrated that the leading SNP and its neighboring SNPs have potential promoter and enhancer activities in osteoblasts, further strengthening the evidence of its regulatory role to bone development.


Conclusion
Our findings not only provide useful insights that enhance our understanding of bone development, osteoporosis and fracture pathogenesis, but also establish a solid basis for subsequent functional study of the relevant genes.


Key words: 
10q13; Genome-wide association study; Femoral neck shaft cross sectional area; Osteoporosis; FRMD4A
Phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled study of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in bacterially colonized, chronic leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers: a new approach to antimicrobial therapy (2012)

This first controlled study of PDT in chronic wounds demonstrated significant reduction in bacterial load. An apparent trend towards wound healing was observed; further study of this aspect with larger patient numbers is indicated.