gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
-NIST FT700 Vacuum Ultraviolet Fourier Transform Spectrometer: applications in ultraviolet spectrometry and radiometry,- (1999)

In the minds of many, Fourier transform spectrometry is restricted to applications in the infrared. In the ultraviolet, the increasingly severe demands on optical, data acquisition, and motion control systems of the interferometer diminish the effectiveness of the technique. However, with recent advances in ultraviolet optics, data acquisition and sampling techniques for Fourier transform spectrometers, these stringent demands are easier to meet at vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths and significantly reduce the cost of Fourier transform spectrometers. The FT700 spectrometer at NIST can operate at wavelengths as low as 140 nm, limited by the short wavelength cut-off of the calcium fluoride optics. We illustrate the capabilities of the FT700 spectrometer in the ultraviolet with several recent results in atomic emission spectrometry, plasma diagnostics, and refractometry.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Eu<sup>3+</sup>/Tb<sup>3+</sup>-Doped La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nano/Microcrystals with Multiform Morphologies: Facile Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Luminescence Properties (2010)

LaCO(3)OH nano/microcrystals with a variety of morphologies/sizes including nanoflakes, microflowers, nano/microrhombuses, two-double microhexagrams sandwichlike microspindles, and peach-nucleus-shaped microcrystals have been synthesized via a facile homogeneous precipitation route under mild conditions. A series of controlled experiments indicate that the pH values in the initial reaction systems, carbon sources, and simple ions (NH(4)(+) and Na(+)) were responsible for the shape determination of the LaCO(3)OH products. A possible formation mechanism for these products with diverse architectures has been presented. After annealing at suitable temperatures, LaCO(3)OH was easily converted to La(2)O(2)CO(3) and La(2)O(3) with the initial morphologies. A systematic study on the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of Eu(3+)- or Tb(3+)-doped La(2)O(2)CO(3)/La(2)O(3) samples has been performed in detail. The excitation and site-selective emission spectra were recorded to investigate the microstructure, site symmetry, and difference in the (5)D(0) → (7)F(2) transition of Eu(3+) ions in La(2)O(2)CO(3) and La(2)O(3) host lattices. In addition, the dependence of the luminescent intensity on the morphology for the as-prepared La(2)O(2)CO(3)/La(2)O(3):Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb) samples has been investigated. The ability of generating diverse morphologies and multiemitting colors for different rare-earth activator ion (Ln = Eu, Tb) doped La(2)O(2)CO(3)/La(2)O(3) nano/microstructures provides a great opportunity for the systematic evaluation of morphology-dependent luminescence properties, as well as the full exploration of their application in many types of color display fields.
Priority effect on pointwise availability of the system (1972)

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The Learning Academy. (2006)

Abstract The culture of medical centers is changing: A new service initiative in health care, known as the Learning Academy, is the focus of interest among leading hospitals in the United States. Several health care systems that embrace the learning organization philosophy as “listening organizations” have already joined together in an Academy Connection, a consortium that links premier health care organizations through a learning infrastructure. One of the primary goals of the Academy Connection is to facilitate the transfer of learning and knowledge about staff education, training, and performance improvement.
Oxidation and the origin of the two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2010)

The surface of the AlGaN barrier layer in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors has strong and hitherto unexplained effects on transistor characteristics. Indeed, it has been cited as the source of the two-dimensional electron gas at the AlGaN/GaN interface. Using computational methods based on density functional theory, we investigate surface reconstructions on realistic GaN and AlN (0001) surfaces, which are invariably oxidized. Numerous structures with different oxide coverage and different stoichiometry are examined, and their stability is interpreted in terms of driving mechanisms such as the electron counting rule and oxide-stoichiometry matching. We discuss which structures are likely to form under a variety of oxidation conditions, and show that these structures explain the observed dependence of electron density on thickness and variations in surface barrier height.
Purification and characterization of guinea pig serum aminoacylproline hydrolase (aminopeptidase P) (1992)

Aminoacylproline hydrolase (EC 3.4.11.9) of guinea pig serum has been obtained as two apparently homogeneous isoforms. Dialyzed serum was chromatographed successively on Affi-gel blue, hydroxyapatite, DE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, an affinity matrix for angiotensin converting enzyme and concanavalin-Sepharose. On the latter matrix, 68% of the enzyme activity was eluted with alpha-methyl mannoside at 10 and 100 mM, and 29% was eluted with alpha-methyl glucoside, 500 mM, at 56 degrees C. The two fractions ('biantennary' and 'high mannose' fractions, respectively) were concentrated and then chromatographed separately on Sephacryl S-200HR. Both fractions were eluted as expected for a globular protein of Mr 217,000. On SDS-PAGE, under reducing and non-reducing conditions, each of the concanavalin-Sepharose fractions was separated into two protein bands, Mr 89,000 and Mr 81,500. Each of the bands was found to be N-blocked when N-terminal amino acid sequencing was attempted. The reaction of the 'biantennary' fraction with the synthetic substrate Arg-Pro-Pro-[3H]benzylamide was characterized in part: Km 0.7 microM, kcat 124.6 min-1, kcat/Km 1.78.10(8) M-1 min-1. Hydrolysis of the substrate was strongly inhibited by bradykinin and those of its lower homologs that contain two adjacent proline residues. Cu2+ was strongly inhibitory. Co2+ at 30 microM activated the enzyme, as did Mn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ at higher concentrations. Sulfhydryl compounds, including captopril, inhibited the enzyme as did 1,10-phenanthroline. Iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide had no effects, but 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate conferred a partial inhibition over a remarkably wide concentration range: 0.34-1400 microM. Amastatin and bestatin did not inhibit the enzyme. Aminoacylproline hydrolase of guinea pig serum appears to be a heterogeneous, glycosylated metallo-enzyme with a high affinity for bradykinin and related peptides in which the sequence Pro-Pro, Xaa-Pro-Pro or Xaa-Pro-Hyp is N-terminal.
Location and function of three sites phosphorylated on rat acetyl‐CoA carboxylase by the AMP‐activated protein kinase (1990)

1. We have sequenced two tryptic/chymotryptic peptides (TC3 and TC3a) containing a third site phosphorylated on rat acetyl-CoA carboxylase by the AMP-activated protein kinase. Comparison with the complete sequence of rat acetyl-CoA carboxylase predicted from the cDNA sequence [López-Casillas et al. (1988) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5784-5788] shows that this site corresponds to Ser1215. 2. Comparison of the cDNA sequence with previous amino acid sequence data identifies the other two sites for the AMP-activated protein kinase as Ser79 and Ser1200. A total of eight serine residues phosphorylated in vitro by six protein kinases can now be identified: six of these (Ser23, Ser25, Ser29, Ser77, Ser79 and Ser95) are clustered in the amino terminal region, while two (Ser1200 and Ser1215) are located in the central region. 3. Prior phosphorylation of Ser77 and Ser1200 by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase prevents subsequent phosphorylation of Ser79 and Ser1200, but not Ser1215, by the AMP-activated protein kinase. Phosphorylation of Ser1215 under these conditions is not associated with a change in enzyme activity. 4. Limited trypsin treatment of native acetyl-CoA carboxylase selectively cleaves off the highly phosphorylated amino-terminal region containing Ser79. 5. Phosphorylation at Ser79 and Ser1200 by the AMP-activated protein kinase dramatically decreases Vmax and increases the A0.5 for citrate. Phosphorylation at Ser77 and Ser1200 by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase causes more modest changes in the A0.5 for citrate and the Vmax. Dephosphorylation, or removal of the amino-terminal region containing Ser77/79 using trypsin, reverses all of these effects. 6. These results suggest that the effects of the AMP-activated protein kinase on acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity are mediated entirely by phosphorylation of Ser79, and not Ser1200 and Ser1215. The smaller effects of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase are mediated by phosphorylation of Ser77.
A Single Dose of Sn-Mesoporphyrin Prevents Development of Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Newborns (2001)

In comparison with normal neonates, G-6-PD-deficient neonates experienced a twofold increase in the prevalence of significant hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. A single dose of SnMP administered in the 1st day of life to the G-6-PD-deficient newborns shifted the peak PBC distribution to the left (lower values) even in relation to normal neonates and entirely eliminated the need for phototherapy. Interdiction of bilirubin production by use of a heme oxygenase inhibitor such as SnMP represents a simple and highly effective means for the preventive management of jaundice in G-6-PD-deficient newborns.
<title>Microjet printing of anamorphic microlens arrays</title> (1996)

The microjet printing method of micro-optical element fabrication is being used to make arrays of high-performance hemi-elliptical and hemi-cylindrical microlenses for potential use in applications such as collimation of edge-emitting diode laser array beams. The printing method enables both the fabrication of very fast (e.g., f/0.75) microlenses and the potential for reducing costs and increasing flexibility in micro-optics manufacture. The process for fabricating anamorphic microlenses, including those of square or rectangular shape, involves the dispensing and placing of precisely sized microdroplets of optical material onto optical substrates, and then controlling their coalescence and solidification. By varying the number, diameter and spacing of adjacent microdroplets of optical materials deposited at elevated temperatures onto heated substrate, both the dimensional aspect ratios and the ratio of `fast'- to-`slow' focal lengths of a printed hemi-elliptical microlens may be varied over a very wide range. Arrays of hemi-elliptical and hemi-cylindrical microlenses on the order of 100 - 300 micrometers in width and 150 micrometers to 20 mm long, with focal length ratios (fast/slow) from 1 (circular) to 0 (cylindrical), have been printed. A model for predicting printed hemi-elliptical microlens focal lengths from printed lenslet geometry is illustrated, along with an interferometric method of detecting lenslet defects and aberrations.
An approximate Fourier transform useful in quantum factoring (2002)

Quantum programming is hard: Quantum programs are necessarily probabilistic and impossible to examine without disrupting the execution of a program. In response to this challenge, we and a number of other researchers have written tools to verify quantum programs against their intended semantics. This is not enough. Verifying an idealized semantics against a real world quantum program doesn't allow you to confidently predict the program’s output. In order to have verification that works, you need both an error semantics related to the hardware at hand (this is necessarily low level) and certified compilation to the that same hardware. Once we have these two things, we can talk about an approach to quantum programming where we start by writing and verifying programs at a high level, attempt to verify properties of the compiled code, and repeat as necessary.
Automated patent landscaping (2018)

Patent landscaping is the process of finding patents related to a particular topic. It is important for companies, investors, governments, and academics seeking to gauge innovation and assess risk. However, there is no broadly recognized best approach to landscaping. Frequently, patent landscaping is a bespoke human-driven process that relies heavily on complex queries over bibliographic patent databases. In this paper, we present Automated Patent Landscaping, an approach that jointly leverages human domain expertise, heuristics based on patent metadata, and machine learning to generate high-quality patent landscapes with minimal effort. In particular, this paper describes a flexible automated methodology to construct a patent landscape for a topic based on an initial seed set of patents. This approach takes human-selected seed patents that are representative of a topic, such as operating systems, and uses structure inherent in patent data such as references and class codes to “expand” the seed set to a set of “probably-related” patents and anti-seed “probably-unrelated” patents. The expanded set of patents is then pruned with a semi-supervised machine learning model trained on seed and anti-seed patents. This removes patents from the expanded set that are unrelated to the topic and ensures a comprehensive and accurate landscape.
Flow cytometry description of a novel CD3?/CD7+ intraepithelial lymphocyte subset in human duodenal biopsies: Potential diagnostic value in coeliac disease (1998)

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) represent a heterogeneous cellular compartment of unknown functions and controversial ontogeny. Previous observations in humans indicate that the majority of IEL subsets express the CD3 complex associated with either the alphabeta or the gammadelta T-cell receptor components, and describe the characteristic increase of CD3+TCRgammadelta+ IEL in coeliac disease. In the present work, we analyze the surface antigen expression of intraepithelial lymphocytes isolated from duodenal biopsies of control subjects and coeliac disease patients. We describe a CD3-CD7 + IEL subset frequently found in control subjects (41.41+/-21.8), with the following features: 1) most of these cells are CD45R0+ CD103+ and CD44- CD28- CD5-; 2) a significant percentage express CD56 (44.7%+/-21.3), CD2 (55.1%+/-16.2), and CD94 (16.2%+/-7.3). Furthermore, they are CD122+ and CD25-; 3) this CD3- IEL subset exhibit an activated phenotype expressing higher levels of CD69, CD103, and CD38 than the CD3+ subset. Interestingly, this CD3- subset is drastically reduced in CD patients (2.2+/-2.9 in active disease, 6.3+/-4.6 in treated patients versus 41.4+/-21.8 in control subjects). The imbalanced ratio "increased TCRgammadelta versus decreased CD3- CD7+" is a permanent finding in CD patients following clinical and histological remission. This parameter might provide helpful diagnostic information (easily obtained by 3-color FCM from diagnostic biopsies), and suggest a potential implication in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease.
A rice ABC transporter, OsABCC1, reduces arsenic accumulation in the grain (2014)

Arsenic (As) is a chronic poison that causes severe skin lesions and cancer. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major dietary source of As; therefore, reducing As accumulation in the rice grain and thereby diminishing the amount of As that enters the food chain is of critical importance. Here, we report that a member of the Oryza sativa C-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (OsABCC) family, OsABCC1, is involved in the detoxification and reduction of As in rice grains. We found that OsABCC1 was expressed in many organs, including the roots, leaves, nodes, peduncle, and rachis. Expression was not affected when plants were exposed to low levels of As but was up-regulated in response to high levels of As. In both the basal nodes and upper nodes, which are connected to the panicle, OsABCC1 was localized to the phloem region of vascular bundles. Furthermore, OsABCC1 was localized to the tonoplast and conferred phytochelatin-dependent As resistance in yeast. Knockout of OsABCC1 in rice resulted in decreased tolerance to As, but did not affect cadmium toxicity. At the reproductive growth stage, the As content was higher in the nodes and in other tissues of wild-type rice than in those of OsABCC1 knockout mutants, but was significantly lower in the grain. Taken together, our results indicate that OsABCC1 limits As transport to the grains by sequestering As in the vacuoles of the phloem companion cells of the nodes in rice.
A prospective 10‐year study on children who had severe infantile colic (2005)

Susceptibility to recurrent abdominal pain, allergic and psychological disorders in childhood may be increased by infantile colic. Our findings confirm that severe infantile colic might be the early expression of some of the most common disorders in childhood.
Gemcitabine nephrotoxicity and hemolytic uremic syndrome: report of 29 cases from a single institution (2009)

Gemcitabine nephrotoxicity presents as new-onset renal disease with associated hypertension, thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Prior chemotherapy with mitomycin, especially when given in close proximity, may be synergistic. A high index of suspicion is essential to make an early diagnosis. Stopping gemcitabine improves the outcome.
Highly efficient 40-GHz bandwidth Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator employing ridge structure (1993)

The design and fabrication of a Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator employing a ridge structure with a shielding plane are described. The ridge structure offers a relatively low microwave propagation loss and large interaction between the microwave and optical wave under the condition of a 50 Omega characteristic impedance system, resulting in a large modulation bandwidth and low driving voltage. As a result, a 3-dB optical bandwidth of 40 GHz with a driving voltage of 3.6 V is achieved at 1.5 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Arsenic influence on extended defects produced in silicon by ion implantation (1990)

Ge ions at 400 keV were implanted on 〈100〉 undoped silicon and on arsenic-doped silicon wafers maintained at 250 °C. The arsenic concentration ranged between 1.0×1019 and 1.0×1020 atom/cm3. The residual damage is mainly in the form of dislocation loops as measured by channeling and transmission electron microscopy. The amount of extended defects is lower in the arsenic-doped than in the undoped samples and it is reduced by a factor of 2 at a dopant concentration of 1×1019 atom/cm3. The experimental data are accounted for by a simple model which assumes an enhanced recombination of point defects created by the ion beam, through the formation of arsenic-point defect pairs in the doped samples.
N-Acyl glycinates as acyl donors in serine protease-catalyzed kinetic resolution of amines. Improvement of selectivity and reaction rate (2008)

Enzymatic kinetic resolution of aliphatic and benzylic amines leading to (S)-amides was achieved by using alkaline protease as the catalyst and N-octanoyl glycine trifluoroethyl ester as the acyl donor; enantioselectivity ranged between 4 to 244, while reaction times were dramatically shortened and ranged between 15 min to 6 h.
Analysis of Immunity to Febrile Malaria in Children That Distinguishes Immunity from Lack of Exposure (2009)

In studies of immunity to malaria, the absence of febrile malaria is commonly considered evidence of "protection." However, apparent "protection" may be due to a lack of exposure to infective mosquito bites or due to immunity. We studied a cohort that was given curative antimalarials before monitoring began and documented newly acquired asymptomatic parasitemia and febrile malaria episodes during 3 months of surveillance. With increasing age, there was a shift away from febrile malaria to acquiring asymptomatic parasitemia, with no change in the overall incidence of infection. Antibodies to the infected red cell surface were associated with acquiring asymptomatic infection rather than febrile malaria or remaining uninfected. Bed net use was associated with remaining uninfected rather than acquiring asymptomatic infection or febrile malaria. These observations suggest that most uninfected children were unexposed rather than "immune." Had they been immune, we would have expected the proportion of uninfected children to rise with age and that the uninfected children would have been distinguished from children with febrile malaria by the protective antibody response. We show that removing the less exposed children from conventional analyses clarifies the effects of immunity, transmission intensity, bed nets, and age. Observational studies and vaccine trials will have increased power if they differentiate between unexposed and immune children.
Mental Health Outcomes Associated with Air Pollutants in California (2020)

Background: Epidemiologic studies of air pollution and mental health are limited. We examined ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particles (PM2.5), and emergency room (ER) visits from all mental disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, homicide/inflicted injury, and suicide/self-harm. We also evaluated effect modification by season, age, race/ethnicity, and gender.Methods: Air pollutant data, provided by the US EPA, and ER visit data from the California Office of Statewide Health and Development Planning, were merged from 2005 through 2013. Data analyses were conducted using two-stage quasi-Poisson regression models, adjusting for long-term trends, holidays, day of the week, and mean apparent temperature. Several lag periods were considered (same day up to average of 7 days and average of 30 days).Results: Per interquartile range, weekly mean O3 was associated with a 1.87% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62, 3.15) increase in ER visits for depression (n = 162,451), a 1.43% (0.35, 2.51) increase for suicide/self-harm (n = 198,509), and a 2.83% (1.53, 4.15) increase for bipolar disorder (n = 158,906). O3 (30 day lag; n = 632, 787), CO (2 day lag; n = 229,138) and NO2 (2-day lag; n = 206,919) were associated with greater risks for homicides/self-inflicted injury (2.01% [1.01, 3.02]; 2.3% [1.3, 3.3]; and 2.6% [1.2, 4.0], respectively). Greater risk was found during the warm season for CO and NO2. For some outcomes, differential risk was observed by gender, age, and race/ethnicity. These associations generally remained robust in co-pollutant models. No associations were found between PM2.5 and any of the mental health outcomes considered.Conclusions: Our results suggest that short-term gaseous air pollution exposure increases the risk of homicides/inflicted injury (CO, NO2 and O3), and depression, suicide/self harm, and bipolar disorder (latter three outcomes for O3 only) in California.