gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature and NO density measurements by LIF and OES on an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (2013)

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is used to determine the density and rotational temperature of the nitric oxide (NO) X ground state in a microwave plasma jet. The jet is operated in ambient air with a flow of helium mixed with 0–6% air. The applied microwave power is 18–55 W. The obtained temperatures are compared with rotational temperatures of the NO A excited state and the N_2 C state, obtained with optical emission spectroscopy. The temperatures obtained with optical emission spectroscopy (OES) are found to be approximately 30% higher than those obtained with LIF. This suggests that the common assumption that the rotational distribution of the excited state is thermalized within the effective lifetime might not be correct. The absolute density of NO X is measured in situ with 1 mm spatial resolution, and is found to have a maximum of about 1.4 × 10^21 m-3.
Experimental investigation of the variation of the absorption coefficient with nitrogen content in GaAsN and GaInAsN grown on GaAs (001) (2008)

We have measured the absorption coefficient at the fundamental band edge in Ga1−yInyAs1−xNx and GaAs1−xNx alloys. In contrast to what is observed in most III-V semiconductors, the absorption coefficient of Ga(In)AsN increases when the band gap energy decreases. In the Ga1−yInyAs1−xNx alloys, the absorption coefficient at threshold saturates near x=0.009, whereas the absorption coefficient of the GaAs1−xNx layers shows no sign of saturation for 0&lt;x&lt;0.016. Furthermore, the value of the absorption coefficient at threshold is higher for Ga1−yInyAs1−xNx layers than for indium-free GaAs1−xN films with the same nitrogen content, a result opposite to what is observed for the nitrogen-free GaInAs alloy. The comparison of our results with calculations performed using the k⋅p formalism suggests that the proper description of the optical properties of Ga(In)AsN alloys must go beyond the effective mass approximation.
Injecting Comments to Detect JavaScript Code Injection Attacks (2011)

Most web programs are vulnerable to cross site scripting (XSS) that can be exploited by injecting JavaScript code. Unfortunately, injected JavaScript code is difficult to distinguish from the legitimate code at the client side. Given that, server side detection of injected JavaScript code can be a layer of defense. Existing server side approaches rely on identifying legitimate script code, and an attacker can circumvent the technique by injecting legitimate JavaScript code. Moreover, these approaches assume that no JavaScript code is downloaded from third party websites. To address these limitations, we develop a server side approach that distinguishes injected JavaScript code from legitimate JavaScript code. Our approach is based on the concept of injecting comment statements containing random tokens and features of legitimate JavaScript code. When a response page is generated, JavaScript code without or incorrect comment is considered as injected code. Moreover, the valid comments are checked for duplicity. Any presence of duplicate comments or a mismatch between expected code features and actually observed features represents JavaScript code as injected. We implement a prototype tool that automatically injects JavaScript comments and deploy injected JavaScript code detector as a server side filter. We evaluate our approach with three JSP programs. The evaluation results indicate that our approach detects a wide range of code injection attacks.
A shared-bitline SRAM cell architecture for 1-V ultra low-power word-bit configurable macrocells (1999)

1-V ultra low-power SRAM circuit techniques are described for word-bit configurable memory macrocells. A shared bitline SRAM cell architecture with modified address assignment is proposed to reduce wasted memory-cell current to zero while suppressing the area penalty. For the new SRAM cell design, we devise a multiplexer-merged charge-transfer amplifier for high-sensitive read operation and a bitline precharge scheme with an equalizing line for high-speed write-recovery operation. A 1-V operating 64-kb (2kw x 16b x 2) test chip was designed using a 0.35pm multithreshold-voltage CMOS (MTCMOS) logic process. The simulated power dissipation is l/4 (486 pW> that of the conventional 1-V word-bit configurable SRAM macrocell with a 13% area increase.
Familien- und Gemeinschaftsformen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts : Haus, Dorf, Stadt und Sozialstruktur am Beispiel Schleswig-Holsteins - Aufsatz zum Buch: Familien- und Gemeinschaftsformen am Übergang zur Moderne (1995)

Umfangreiche empirische Untersuchungen frühester Individuenzählungen zeigen: Der Begriff \ndes "Ganzen Hauses" reicht nicht, um die weit komplexeren Gemeinschaftsformen besonders des \nDorfes darzustellen. Bauern lebten regelmäßig in Anwesen, in meist erweiterten Haupthaushalten \nmit zusätzlichen eigenständigen Haushalten von Insten/ Tagelöhnern und/ oder Altenteilen. \nObgleich quantitativ überwiegend kann von der Kernfamilie als primärer Lebensform in \nqualitativer Weise selbst dann keine Rede sein, wenn Lebenszyklen, in denen viele Menschen \nvorübergehend im erweiterten Haus lebten, unbedacht bleiben. Handwerker und Bauern gehören \nnicht wegen der im Hause stattfindenden Produktion zu einer gemeinsamen Sozialform. Auch von \nder Reduktion des Hauses hin zur Kernfamilie beim neuen Stadtbürgertum durch Ausgliederung \nder Berufsfunktion ist zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts noch nichts zu sehen, denn Besitz- und \nselbst Bildungsbürgertum beschäftigten mehr Gesinde als das Handwerk. Für die Darstellung der \nSozialstruktur jener fortgeschrittenen Gesellschaft Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts zeigt sich die \nmoderne Konzeption der Lagen und Milieus als vorteilhaft.
Glottal inverse filtering by joint estimation of an AR system with a linear input model (1986)

Glottal inverse filtering is a technique by which the flow past the time varying glottal constriction is estimated by a filtering operation on the acoustic signal in human speech. The filtering operation removes the effects of the vocal tract resonances to reveal the underlying voice source signal. A linear model of a glottal pulse waveform is described along with a procedure for jointly determining an AR model of the vocal tract response together with the parameters of the glottal pulse model. This technique is applied to inverse filtering in human speech and the results are compared to covariance method LPC analysis.
Effect of Peptide Derivatives of Thyroxine on the Binding of<sup>125</sup>I-Thyroxine to Purified Human Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (1971)

Journal Article Effect of Peptide Derivatives of Thyroxine on the Binding of 125I-Thyroxine to Purified Human Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Get access MILTON TABACHNICK, MILTON TABACHNICK *Department of Biochemistry, New York Medical College, Fifth Avenue at 106th Street, New York New York 10029 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar YU-LEE HAO, YU-LEE HAO *Department of Biochemistry, New York Medical College, Fifth Avenue at 106th Street, New York New York 10029 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LADISLAV KORCEK LADISLAV KORCEK *Department of Biochemistry, New York Medical College, Fifth Avenue at 106th Street, New York New York 10029 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 89, Issue 2, 1 August 1971, Pages 606–609, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-89-2-606 Published: 01 August 1971 Article history Received: 12 February 1971 Published: 01 August 1971
Preparation of a polyelectrolyte complex gel from chitosan and κ‐carrageenan and its pH‐sensitive swelling (1993)

Abstract A polyelectrolyte complex gel was prepared by mixing chitosan and k ‐carrageenan solutions in the presence of NaCl. To study the effect of ambient pH on the swelling behavior, the diameter of the cylindrical gel(4 mm x 8 mm) immersed in aqueous NaOH, KOH, or HCl solution was measured. In the range of pH 10–12, the diameter increased with time, and the gel reached swelling equilibrium within 6 days. In an NaOH solution of pH 10.5, the maximum swelling occurred, and the volume of the gel at equilibrium was 10.2 times as large as the initial one. At pH below 9 and at pH 13, no swelling was observed. Thus, the swelling of the complex gel prepared in this study was sensitive to a rather narrow range of pH. The swelling equilibrium in the presence of NaCl was also investigated at various pH. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes from Ovarian Cancer Cells by MICROMAX™ cDNA Microarray System (2001)

Using the MICROMAX cDNA microarray system, we were able to identify genes that are differentially overexpressed in ovarian cancer. A total of 30 putative genes, which are differentially overexpressed in ovarian cancer cell lines, were identified. The differential expression of some of these genes was further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Using this strategy, we have identified genes that either overexpress in all cancer cell lines or in only some cancer cell lines. Further characterization of these genes will allow them to be exploited in diagnosis, prognosis, anticancer therapy, and molecular classification of ovarian cancer.
The RAC1 P29S Hotspot Mutation in Melanoma Confers Resistance to Pharmacological Inhibition of RAF (2014)

Following mutations in BRAF and NRAS, the RAC1 c.85C>T single-nucleotide variant (SNV) encoding P29S amino acid change represents the next most frequently observed protein-coding hotspot mutation in melanoma. However, the biologic and clinical significance of the RAC1 P29S somatic mutation in approximately 4% to 9% of patients remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cell lines possessing the RAC1 hotspot variant are resistant to RAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib). Enforced expression of RAC1 P29S in sensitive BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines confers resistance manifested by increased viability, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced tumor growth in vivo upon treatment with RAF inhibitors. Conversely, RNAi-mediated silencing of endogenous RAC1 P29S in a melanoma cell line with a co-occurring BRAF V600 mutation increased sensitivity to vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Our results suggest RAC1 P29S status may offer a predictive biomarker for RAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma patients, where it should be evaluated clinically.
Axial Flux Motors Using Compacted Insulated Iron Powder and Laminations - Design and Test Results (2005)

The paper describes the design and construction of an axial flux permanent magnet machine in which the teeth are manufactured from compacted insulated iron powder and the core back is formed from a strip-punched lamination formed, into a circle to grip the teeth. This new method of construction overcomes the problems associated with punching and winding axial flux machines formed using index-punched spirally wound laminations (the current state of the art). The construction has been shown to be mechanically stable and rather simple to manufacture. As well as production advantages it offers very high fill factor coils which can significantly enhance the performance of this type of machine
Theoretical analysis of spectral hole burning and relaxation oscillation in all-optical gain stabilized multichannel erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) (2001)

The spectral hole burning effects and gain dynamics of all-optical gain clamped multichannel erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are modeled. The two-level laser model is used to write the propagation and rate equations of the inhomogeneous laser medium. The governing equations are an uncountable system of partial differential equations (PDEs). After some mathematical manipulations, averaging over the fiber length and introducing an approximation method, the system of PDEs is converted to a finite system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The gain dynamics and hole burning of an all-optical stabilized multiwavelength EDFA and the transient response of an optical fiber inverter are analyzed by the solution of the system of ODEs. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the published experimental result.
PLS‐trees®, a top‐down clustering approach (2009)

Abstract A hierarchical clustering approach based on a set of PLS models is presented. Called PLS‐Trees®, this approach is analogous to classification and regression trees (CART), but uses the scores of PLS regression models as the basis for splitting the clusters, instead of the individual X ‐variables. The split of one cluster into two is made along the sorted first X ‐score ( t 1 ) of a PLS model of the cluster, but may potentially be made along a direction corresponding to a combination of scores. The position of the split is selected according to the improvement of a weighted combination of (a) the variance of the X ‐score, (b) the variance of Y and (c) a penalty function discouraging an unbalanced split with very different numbers of observations. Cross‐validation is used to terminate the branches of the tree, and to determine the number of components of each cluster PLS model. Some obvious extensions of the approach to OPLS‐Trees and trees based on hierarchical PLS or OPLS models with the variables divided in blocks depending on their type, are also mentioned. The possibility to greatly reduce the number of variables in each PLS model on the basis of their PLS w ‐coefficients is also pointed out. The approach is illustrated by means of three examples. The first two examples are quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) data sets, while the third is based on hyper‐spectral images of liver tissue for identifying different sources of variability in the liver samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consider Your Calling. By Heinrich Vogel. (Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh and London. 1962. 141 pp. 18s.)/A Little Exercise for Young Theologians. By Helmut Thielicke. (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1962. 41 pp. 95 cents.) (1963)

"Consider Your Calling. By Heinrich Vogel. (Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh and London. 1962. 141 pp. 18s.)/A Little Exercise for Young Theologians. By Helmut Thielicke. (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1962. 41 pp. 95 cents.)" published on 13 Aug 1963 by Brill.
Revenue Maximization in Resource Allocation : Applications in Wireless Communication Networks (2004)

Revenue maximization for network operators is considered as a criterion for resource allocation in wireless cellular networks. A business model encompassing service level agreements between network ...
Statistical analysis of SRAM cell stability (2006)

The impact of process variation on SRAM yield has become a serious concern in scaled technologies. In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyze the stability of an SRAM cell in the presence of random fluctuations in the device parameters. We provide a theoretical framework for characterizing the DC noise margin of a memory cell and develop models for estimating the cell failure probabilities during read and write operations. The proposed models are verified against extensive Monte-Carlo simulations and are shown to match well over the entire range of the distributions well beyond the 3-sigma extreme.
Multicolor Genetically-Encoded Calcium-Sensitive Bioluminescent Reporters of Neural Activity for Brain-Machine Interfaces (2017)

Adeno-associated virus was used to express a mix of different colored, aequorin-fluorescent proteins in mouse cortex. Neural activity produced bioluminescence with spectral properties that changed with different stimulation.
Visualization of fluid turbulence and acoustic cavitation during phacoemulsification (2005)

Optical image processing enabled acoustic cavitation to be visualized during phacosonication. The system is a possible means of evaluating a single phaco apparatus power setting and comparing phaco machines and techniques.
Temperature-dependent piezoresistivity in an MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposite temperature sensor with ultrahigh performance (2013)

A temperature sensor was fabricated from a polymer nanocomposite with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as nanofiller (i.e., MWCNT/epoxy). The electrical resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the temperature sensor were characterized experimentally. The effects of temperature (within the range 333-373 K) and MWCNT content (within the range 1-5 wt%) were investigated thoroughly. It was found that the resistance increases with increasing temperature and decreasing MWCNT content. However, the resistance change ratio related to the TCR increases with increasing temperature and MWCNT content. The highest value of TCR (0.021 K(-1)), which was observed in the case of 5 wt% MWCNT, is much higher than those of traditional metals and MWCNT-based temperature sensors. Moreover, the corresponding numerical simulation-conducted to explain the above temperature-dependent piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite temperature sensor-indicated the key role of a temperature-dependent tunneling effect.
High Resolution Measurement of Nearly Dispersionless Fiber by Localized Four Photon Mixing (2008)

New dispersion measurement for nearly dispersionless fiber is reported. Meter-scale dispersion retrieval from highly-nonlinear fiber was demonstrated for the first time. The sensitivity was improved by two orders of magnitude with respect to conventional methods.
Optical Beam Induced Current Techniques for Failure Analysis of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits Devices (1994)

In failure analysis of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits using optical beam induced current (OBIC) techniques, circuit analysis was carried out by studying the flow path of detected photocurrents for the first time. This circuit analysis revealed that the OBIC current can be detected even on a good unit. Furthermore, this gave a clear explanation as to the reason why the suspected failure site detected by OBIC and emission microscopy analyses did not always occur at the same site as the defect. This study showed that there is a high possibility of detecting a failure due to metal-metal short by OBIC analysis.
Automated, Fast, and Sensitive Quantification of Drugs in Human Plasma by LC/LC-MS (2004)

An analytic assay based on automated sample preparation and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was developed for the quantification of 6 protease inhibitors (PIs) and 3 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The 6 PIs, amprenavir, indinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir, as well as the three NNRTIs, nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine, require a succinct analysis technique for therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV/AIDS patients. After protein precipitation, samples were loaded on a C8, 10 x 4-mm extraction column, washed, and, after activation of the column-switching valve, backflushed onto the 30 x 2.1 mm C8 analytic column. [M+H] ions were detected in the selected ion mode. A nonlinear fit (y(-1) = a + b/x, all r2 > 0.999) for amprenavir, indinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir and a linear fit (y = ax + b, all r2 > 0.999) for nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine led to best regression. Absolute recoveries were as follows: PIs > 81%; NNRTIs > 76%. Interday and intraday precision were <12.5% for the PIs and <11.7% for the NNRTIs. Interday and intraday accuracy were <12.2% for the PIs and <14.9% for the NNRTIs. Limits of quantification were 20, 40, 50, 40, 40, 20, and 100 microg/L for amprenavir, indinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, and the NNRTIs, respectively. The assay allows fast analysis of patient samples for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and has successfully been used for TDM and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions studies.
Determination of (catecholato)borate complexes using difference spectrophotometry (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of (catecholato)borate complexes using difference spectrophotometryJ. Herbert. WaiteCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 11, 1935–1939Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00275a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00275a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The stoichiometry of the cardiac sodium-calcium exchange system. (1984)

A thermodynamic approach was adopted for determining the stoichiometry of the cardiac Na-Ca exchange system. Vesicles were equilibrated with 0.1 mM 45CaCl2 in a medium containing 30 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl, and 110 mM LiCl. The vesicles were then treated with valinomycin and diluted into media containing the same 45CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations as in the equilibration medium but with the external KCl concentration adjusted so as to impose either positive or negative membrane potentials (delta psi). 45Ca2+ uptake ensued upon establishing a positive (inside) potential whereas 45Ca2+ efflux was observed for a negative delta psi. These delta psi-dependent Ca2+ movements did not occur if NaCl was omitted from the media, indicating that they were mediated by the Na-Ca exchanger. High concentrations of either NaCl or CaCl2 inhibited the delta psi-dependent Ca2+ movements. To determine the exchange stoichiometry, a series of Na+ gradients were established across the vesicle membrane so as to oppose the effects of a constant delta psi (either positive or negative) on Ca2+ movements. The stoichiometry n could be determined from the magnitude of the Na+ gradient that exactly compensated for delta psi such that no net Ca2+ movement occurred. This point is defined by the relation (n - 2)delta psi = nENa where ENa is the equilibrium potential for Na+ under these conditions. The value of n (+/- S.E.) determined in this way was 2.97 +/- 0.03 (n = 9).
Anhydrous polymeric zinc(II) octanoate (2000)

The structure of the title compound, poly­[zinc(II)-bis(μ-octanoato-O:O′)], [Zn(C8H15O2)2]n, consists of polymeric sheets parallel to (100) in which tetrahedrally coordinated Zn2+ cations are connected by carboxyl­ate bridges in a syn–anti arrangement.