gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antibody variants during process development: The tale of incomplete processing of N-terminal secretion peptide (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as one of the most important classes of biotherapeutics, although development of these molecules is long and arduous. A production cell line must be established, and growth conditions for the cells and purification processes for the product must be optimized. Integration of the appropriate analytical strategies in these activities is the cornerstone of Quality by Design and in-process control approaches are encouraged by the Food and Drug Administration. We report here the development of a reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to follow the presence of a mAb product-related variant observed during the purification process development. The variant eluted as a later peak on RP-HPLC, compared with the mAb control (3.25 min and 2.85 min, respectively). We isolated this hydrophobic variant and further analyzed it by mass spectrometry. We identified the variant as a mAb with an incompletely processed leader sequence attached to the N-terminus of one of the two heavy chains.
Freedom in Education: The Movement to Educate the Freedmen in the Pee Dee Region During Reconstruction (2012)

During Reconstruction, a movement gained momentum to educate the newly freed slaves in the South. Historians have agreed that the impetus for that movement came from the freedmen, as they came to be called, as well as northern missionary societies and religious aid associations. In South Carolina that impetus started in the Sea Islands around Charleston. Many historians have studied what is known as the Port Royal Experiment and the educational programs in Columbia and Orangeburg, particularly as they pertain to the higher education institutions for African Americans that arose from these efforts. But no one has specifically studied what was done to educate the freedmen in the Pee Dee region of northeastern coastal South Carolina. Using a combination of research drawn from scholarly sources and primary documents from the time period, this article has found that educational efforts in the Pee Dee mirrored much of the work done in other areas of the state. While not all of the schools were successful, they provided the basis to push the African American community in the Pee Dee region to continue to keep education in the forefront into the twentieth century.
Influence of Microstucture on the Charge Storage Properties of Chemically Synthesized Manganese Dioxide (2002)

α-MnO2 was synthesized by a very simple coprecipitation technique and tested as active electrode material for an electrochemical supercapacitor. The powder presents a poorly crystallized cryptomelane phase with a chemical composition of K0.05MnO2H0.10·0.15H2O. Different aqueous electrolytes were tested including 0.1 M Na2SO4, 0.5 M K2HPO4/KH2PO4 buffer solution, 0.3 M H2SO4, and 1 M NaOH, but interesting pseudocapacitance behavior was only observed in the case of 0.1 M Na2SO4. Further testing using this electrolyte showed that an average capacitance of 166 F/g can be reproducibly obtained within a voltage range −0.4/+0.5 V vs Hg/Hg2SO4 using a sweep rate of 2 mV/s. This interesting value is mainly due to the chimisorption of Na+ ions and/or protons at the surface of the α-MnO2 electrode. Nearly all the Mn surface atoms are involved in the pseudocapacitive process. Therefore, the high specific capacitance seems to be related to the high surface area of the MnO2 powder rather than intercalation of Na+ ions and/or protons in the structure of α-MnO2. An optimum composition of 80% of active material in the composite electrode was determined. With such a composition, the α-MnO2 electrode can withstand 1000 cycles with 100% capacitance retention.
New resonant accelerometer based on rigidity change (2002)

We propose a new resonant accelerometer based on the principle of a resonator rigidity change caused by the applied acceleration. The rigidity change of the resonator consisting of parallel beams is induced by a change in its cross-sectional shape. The feasibility of this sensing principle was confirmed by FEM analysis. A frequency change rate of 10%/g was calculated, and the sensor was fabricated by surface micromachining technology using an SOI wafer. Furthermore, we confirmed that the double resonator structure which was designed based on the same principle had a lower cross-axis sensitivity.
Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actor (2018)

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been demonstrated on a range of challenging decision making and control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from two major challenges: very high sample complexity and brittle convergence properties, which necessitate meticulous hyperparameter tuning. Both of these challenges severely limit the applicability of such methods to complex, real-world domains. In this paper, we propose soft actor-critic, an off-policy actor-critic deep RL algorithm based on the maximum entropy reinforcement learning framework. In this framework, the actor aims to maximize expected reward while also maximizing entropy. That is, to succeed at the task while acting as randomly as possible. Prior deep RL methods based on this framework have been formulated as Q-learning methods. By combining off-policy updates with a stable stochastic actor-critic formulation, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on a range of continuous control benchmark tasks, outperforming prior on-policy and off-policy methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in contrast to other off-policy algorithms, our approach is very stable, achieving very similar performance across different random seeds.
Effect of Catalysts on the Hydrolysis of Acetyl Phosphate. Nucleophilic Displacement Mechanisms in Enzymatic Reactions<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Catalysts on the Hydrolysis of Acetyl Phosphate. Nucleophilic Displacement Mechanisms in Enzymatic Reactions1Daniel E. Koshland Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 9, 2286–2292Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01129a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01129a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Fusion of radar and imaging sensor data for target tracking</title> (1994)

This paper deals with the fusing of data from radar and imaging sensors at the dynamic level by generating a common state and observation model that relates the measurements to the common state vector. A key point which is taken into account in the paper is the fact that a radar provides center-of-reflection measurements that may not correspond very well to the true target center, and as the target aspect changes, the center-of-reflection may vary about the true target center. For small targets at long range, this effect may be negligible, but for semi- extended or extended objects, the mismatch must be considered. In the approach developed in the paper, the radar center-of-reflection measurements are modeled in terms of random perturbations of unknown constant off-sets from the true target center in spherical coordinates. Estimate of these off-sets are used in an extended Kalman filter approach to target tracking using radar and imaging sensor data. The performance of the resulting tracking filter is evaluated via computer simulations.
Asymmetric alkylations using SuperQuat auxiliaries—an investigation into the synthesis and stability of enolates derived from 5,5-disubstituted oxazolidin-2-ones (1999)

Studies on the alkylation of enolates derived from a range of N-acyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-ones and N-acyl-5,5-diphenyloxazolidin-2-ones reveal that high yields and high diastereoselectivities are best obtained when homochiral 4-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-one is employed as a chiral auxiliary.
Neural systems engineering (2006)

The quest to build an electronic computer based on the operational principles of biological brains has attracted attention over many years. The hope is that, by emulating the brain, it will be possible to capture some of its capabilities and thereby bridge the very large gulf that separates mankind from machines. At present, however, knowledge about the operational principles of the brain is far from complete, so attempts at emulation must employ a great deal of assumption and guesswork to fill the gaps in the experimental evidence. The sheer scale and complexity of the human brain still defies attempts to model it in its entirety at the neuronal level, but Moore's Law is closing this gap and machines with the potential to emulate the brain (so far as we can estimate the computing power required) are no more than a decade or so away. Do computer engineers have something to contribute, alongside neuroscientists, psychologists, mathematicians and others, to the understanding of brain and mind, which remains as one of the great frontiers of science?
Development and Analytic of Odor Absorber (2004)

Abstract The modern societies are not any more ready to accept malodors as an inevitable fact but they tend to control osmogens and spread good smells. Hereby the use of zinc ricinoleate has grown to a common system for odor control in recent years. Theoretical description of odor absorbing mechanism was done recently. For performance evaluation of these malodor absorbing systems a new analytical method, the solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), is now available. With this knowledge, the next task is to develop a malodor absorber system with required efficacy.
Microarray analysis of regional cellular responses to local mechanical stress in acute lung injury (2006)

Human acute lung injury is characterized by heterogeneous tissue involvement, leading to the potential for extremes of mechanical stress and tissue injury when mechanical ventilation, required to support critically ill patients, is employed. Our goal was to establish whether regional cellular responses to these disparate local mechanical conditions could be determined as a novel approach toward understanding the mechanism of development of ventilator-associated lung injury. We utilized cross-species genomic microarrays in a unilateral model of ventilator-associated lung injury in anesthetized dogs to assess regional cellular responses to local mechanical conditions that potentially contribute pathogenic mechanisms of injury. Highly significant regional differences in gene expression were observed between lung apex/base regions as well as between gravitationally dependent/nondependent regions of the base, with 367 and 1,544 genes differentially regulated between these regions, respectively. Major functional groupings of differentially regulated genes included inflammation and immune responses, cell proliferation, adhesion, signaling, and apoptosis. Expression of genes encoding both acute lung injury-associated inflammatory cytokines and protective acute response genes were markedly different in the nondependent compared with the dependent regions of the lung base. We conclude that there are significant differences in the local responses to stress within the lung, and consequently, insights into the cellular responses that contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury development must be sought in the context of the mechanical heterogeneity that characterizes this syndrome.
The Planning game—English Style or the Greater London Development Plan (1974)

Shortly after the announcement of the Government's views on the Plan and Panel Report, a Labour administration totally opposed to the construction of all ringways was elected to office in the Greater London Council, replacing the Conservative administration that had submitted the Plan. With any other structure plan, all or part of it may be withdrawn so long as it has not been formally approved, a feature that emphasises the political nature of development plans. In the case of the Greater London Development Plan, however, this power was not available, so that the new administration must hope that the Secretary of State for the Environment, who is the confirming authority, will give effect to the policy on which the new administration was elected. Whether the Secretary will do so is a matter of pure speculation. If he accommodates the new administration's views, it will constitute in law a draft modification to the Plan and will involve a further public inquiry. If he does not and approves the Ringway proposals, two courses appear open to the Greater London Council. First, it may submit to the Secretary of State an amendment to the then-approved development plan, and so begin again the process of public participation and public inquiry. Secondly, it may simply do nothing. In its statement of views on the Plan and the Panel's Report, the Government emphasised that planning in London-particularly planning for traffic-was in danger of coming to a halt. That possibility may now happen. Indeed, with such strong conflicts of opinion, it may have become inevitable.
Proposal of Networking by PON Technologies for Full and Ethernet Services in FTTx (2004)

The construction of optical access networks is one of key issues to provide new broad-band services and emulation of legacy services. Passive optical network (PON) technologies realize sophisticated and economical optical access networks for these purposes. This paper summarizes requirements and technical and marketing trends for optical access networks. It also presents advantages of networking by PON technologies for optical access networks. Moreover, it clarifies issues to install and operate PON base optical access networks and proposes solutions for these issues.
BreathDx – molecular analysis of exhaled breath as a diagnostic test for ventilator–associated pneumonia: protocol for a European multicentre observational study (2017)

UKCRN ID number 19086, registered May 2015; as well as registration at www.trialregister.nl under the acronym 'BreathDx' with trial ID number NTR 6114 (retrospectively registered on 28 October 2016).
Clinical Significance of a First Positive Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Culture in Cystic Fibrosis (2014)

The majority of patients with CF with a first positive NTM culture do not progress to active disease. Lower lung function and accelerated lung function decline appear to be indicators of the significance of an initial positive NTM culture.
Electricity price short-term forecasting using artificial neural networks (1999)

This paper presents the system marginal price (SMP) short-term forecasting implementation using the artificial neural networks (ANN) computing technique. The described approach uses the three-layered ANN paradigm with backpropagation. The retrospective SMP real-world data, acquired from the deregulated Victorian power system, was used for training and testing the ANN. The results presented in this paper confirm considerable value of the ANN based approach in forecasting the SMP.
An Enhancer Trap Line Associated with a D-Class Cyclin Gene in Arabidopsis (2000)

In yeast and animals, cyclins have been demonstrated to be important regulators of cell cycle progression. In recent years, a large number of A-, B-, and D-class cyclins have been isolated from a variety of plant species. One class of cyclins, the D-class cyclins, is important for progression through G1 phase of the cell cycle. In Arabidopsis, four D-class cyclins have been isolated and characterized (CYCLIN-D1;1, CYCLIN-D2;1, CYCLIN-D3;1, and CYCLIN-D4;1). In this report we describe the characterization of a fifth D-class cyclin gene, CYCLIN-D3;2 (CYCD3;2), from Arabidopsis. An enhancer trap line, line 5580, contains a T-DNA insertion in CYCD3;2. Enhancer trap line 5580 exhibits expression in young vegetative and floral primordia. In line 5580, T-DNA is inserted in the first exon of the CYCD3;2 gene; in homozygous 5580 plants CYCD3;2 RNA is not detectable. Even though CYCD3;2 gene function is eliminated, homozygous 5580 plants do not exhibit an obvious growth or developmental phenotype. Via in situ hybridization we demonstrate that CYCD3;2 RNA is expressed in developing vegetative and floral primordia. In addition, CYCD3;2 is also capable of rescuing a yeast strain that is deficient in G1 cyclin activity.
Optical back-action-evading amplifiers (1985)

A variety of optical back-action-evading amplification schemes are presented. Such amplifiers allow one to measure the amplitude of one component of an optical field mode without disturbing that component.
Roaming between GSM/UMTS and IMS networks (2008)

Operators around the world are planning deployment of IMS Networks. It is therefore expected that GSM, UMTS and IMS Networks will co-exist for several years before full transition to IMS networks happens. There is a need therefore to support roaming of users from the legacy GSM/UMTS to IMS networks if the user device hosts IMS client software. This paper analyzes the problem and identifies the need for a VLR functional entity in the IMS network. It evaluates architectural alternatives for VLR placement and recommends use of one alternative. Finally, it captures the call flows for Registration, Call origination and Call termination to validate the recommended architectural alternative.
Stability of Twisted Magnetic Fields in a Fluid of Finite Electrical Conductivity (1960)

A formal solution is given for the problem of the stability of uniformly twisted magnetic fields in an incompressible inviscid fluid of finite scalar viscosity and electrical conductivity. The perturbed hydromagnetic equations in the conducting fluid can be reduced to a single 10th order differential equation which can be solved in terms of Bessel functions. The solution is formal in the sense that, when boundary conditions are applied, the problem is reduced to the solution of an extremely complicated transcendental dispersion relation. If there is no axial magnetic field and only axisymmetric perturbations are considered, the problem can be solved completely. If the magnetic field is twisted and perturbations other than axisymmetric perturbations are considered, there are always perturbation helices which exactly match the magnetic field helix. For the case of twisted magnetic fields and arbitrary perturbations, finite electric conductivity alone is considered. In the cases that can be solved completely, the growth rates for infinite and zero conductivity are the extreme values. In the cases considered it was found that, with a suitable the correlation coefficients in the relativistic case is discussed. (auth) normalization, the growth rate for a fluid of low conductivity is greater than that for amore » fluid of high conductivity. The results cannot be applied to a compressible plasma but can be applied to a liquid conductor such as mercury or liquid sodium. (B.O.G.)« less
Laboratory assessment of the antifouling potential of a soluble-matrix paint laced with the natural compound polygodial (2013)

Polygodial is a potent and selective inhibitor of ascidian metamorphosis that shows promise for controlling fouling by ascidians in bivalve aquaculture. The current study examined the potency of, and associated effects of seawater exposure on, a rosin-based soluble-matrix paint laced with 0.08-160 ng polygodial g(-1) wet paint matrix. Paint-coated surfaces were soaked in seawater for 0, 2, 4 or 12 weeks prior to screening for antifouling activity using a bioassay based on the nuisance ascidian Ciona savignyi Herdman. Mortality was greater (mean 50% lethal concentration: 5 ± 2 ng g(-1); mean 75% lethal concentration: 17 ± 4 ng g(-1)) and metamorphosis was inhibited (mean 50% anti-metamorphic concentration: 2 ± 0.4 ng g(-1); mean 75% anti-metamorphic concentration: 15 ± 10 ng g(-1)) in C. savignyi larvae exposed to polygodial-laced soluble-matrix paints, relative to control paints without polygodial. Soaking in seawater prior to testing reduced the efficacy of the formulation up to nearly 12-fold, but even after soaking for 12 weeks paints laced with polygodial at 160 ng g(-1) wet paint matrix prevented ⩾90% of the larvae of C. savignyi from completing metamorphosis. The outcome of this experiment provides a positive first step in evaluating the suitability of polygodial-laced soluble-matrix paints for use in aquaculture.
Vitamin A status of children with a history of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy (1988)

In order to extend our earlier observation that children who experience frequent respiratory episodes may benefit from Vitamin A supplementation, 206 children aged 2-7 years who had been hospitalized for bronchiolitis during infancy were randomized into a controlled trial of Vitamin A supplementation. Of these, 149 met the criteria of protocol compliance after 12 months of follow-up. Mean plasma retinol at baseline was 39.2 micrograms/100 ml (s.e.m. = 1.0) and did not increase after 12 months (mean = 36.0 micrograms/100 ml, s.e.m. = 0.7) despite the older age of the cohort. The range observed (11.7-73.9 micrograms/100 ml) included some children at risk of marginal Vitamin A deficiency. Mean plasma retinol levels were 20% lower than those of children experiencing frequent respiratory episodes recorded earlier. Oral supplementation did not change plasma retinol levels, nor did it affect respiratory morbidity.
<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Gingipains and Adhesion to Epithelial Cells (2001)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the principal organisms associated with adult periodontitis. Bacterial surface proteins such as fimbriae and gingipain hemagglutinin domains have been implicated as adhesins that actuate colonization of epithelium lining the gingival sulcus. We investigated the genetics of P. gingivalis adhesion to monolayers of epithelial cells using wild-type and gingipain mutant strains. These experiments suggested that arginine-specific gingipain (Rgp) catalytic activity modulated adhesion. From the data obtained with rgp mutants, we constructed a working hypothesis predicting that attachment and detachment of P. gingivalis to epithelial cells were mediated by gingipain adhesin and Rgp catalytic domains, respectively. A membrane-based epithelial cell binding assay, used to locate adhesins in extracellular fractions of wild-type and mutant strains, recognized gingipain peptides as adhesins rather than fimbriae. We developed a capture assay that demonstrated the binding of gingipain adhesin peptides to oral epithelial cells. The adherence of fimbrillin to epithelial cells was detected after heat denaturation of cell fractions. The prediction that Rgp catalytic activities mediated detachment was substantiated when the high level of attachment of an rgp mutant was reduced in the presence of wild-type cell fractions that contained gingipain catalytic activities.