gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a Closed System to a Standard Open Technique for Preparing Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts (2014)

We developed a prototype for a closed apparatus for assembling tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) with the goal of creating a simple operator-independent method for making TEVGs to optimize safety and enable widespread application of this technology. The TEVG is made by seeding autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells onto a biodegradable tubular scaffold and is the first man-made vascular graft to be successfully used in humans. A critical barrier, which has prevented the widespread clinical adoption of the TEVG, is that cell isolation, scaffold seeding, and incubation are performed using an open method. To reduce the risk of contamination, the TEVG is assembled in a clean room. Clean rooms are expensive to build, complex to operate, and are not available in most hospitals. In this investigation, we used an ovine model to compare the safety and efficacy of TEVGs created using either a standard density centrifugation-based open method or the new filter-based closed system. We demonstrated no graft-related complications and maintenance of growth capacity in TEVGs created using the closed apparatus. In addition, the use of the closed system reduced the amount of time needed to assemble the TEVG by ∼ 50%. Adaptation of similar methodologies may facilitate the safe translation and the widespread use of other tissue engineering technologies.
Evaluation of Ethylcellulose as A Matrix for Prolonged Release Formulations. I. Water Soluble Drugs: Acetaminophen and Theophylline (1987)

In this study ethylcellulose was evaluated as a carrier for the preparation of prolonged release solid dispersions of relatively water soluble drugs, acetaminophen and theophylline. The solid dispersions containing various concentrations (7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 % by weight of drug) of ethylcellulose of different viscosity grades (21, 95, 209 and 350 cps) were prepared by the solvent method. The concentration of polymer in the formulation was the determining factor in controlling release rate of the drug, as the results indicate prolongation in release of the drug with increase in amount of ethylcellulose. The higher the viscosity grade of ethylcellulose, slower the release of drug from the solid dispersions. The release of drug from the tablets was more prolonged compared to the granular solid dispersions. In vitro release of acetaminophen and theophylline was more or less similar in both dissolution media. The viscosity grade of ethylcellulose showed slight influence on the release rate of drug from the tablet formulations, while it was quite noticeable in granular solid dispersions.
Label-Free Sub-picomolar Protein Detection with Field-Effect Transistors (2010)

Proteins mediate the bulk of biological activity and are powerfully assayed in the diagnosis of diseases. Protein detection relies largely on antibodies, which have significant technical limitations especially when immobilized on two-dimensional surfaces. Here, we report the integration of peptide aptamers with extended gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) to achieve label-free sub-picomolar target protein detection. Specifically, peptide aptamers that recognize highly related protein partners of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family are immobilized on the transistor gate to enable human CDK2 to be detected at 100 fM or 5 pg/mL, well within the clinically relevant range. The target specificity, ease of fabrication, and scalability of these FET arrays further demonstrate the potential application of the multiplexable field effect format to protein sensing.
<em>Ex Vivo</em> Organotypic Corneal Model of Acute Epithelial Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection (2012)

Herpes keratitis is one of the most severe pathologies associated with the herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1). Herpes keratitis is currently the leading cause of both cornea-derived and infection-associated blindness in the developed world. Typical presentation of herpes keratitis includes infection of the corneal epithelium and sometimes the deeper corneal stroma and endothelium, leading to such permanent corneal pathologies as scarring, thinning, and opacity. Corneal HSV-1 infection is traditionally studied in two types of experimental models. The in vitro model, in which cultured monolayers of corneal epithelial cells are infected in a Petri dish, offers simplicity, high level of replicability, fast experiments, and relatively low costs. On the other hand, the in vivo model, in which animals such as rabbits or mice are inoculated directly in the cornea, offers a highly sophisticated physiological system, but has higher costs, longer experiments, necessary animal care, and a greater degree of variability. In this video article, we provide a detailed demonstration of a new ex vivo model of corneal epithelial HSV-1 infection, which combines the strengths of both the in vitro and the in vivo models. The ex vivo model utilizes intact corneas organotypically maintained in culture and infected with HSV-1. The use of the ex vivo model allows for highly physiologically-based conclusions, yet it is rather inexpensive and requires time commitment comparable to that of the in vitro model.
X.—<i>On some interesting hedgehogs from the Persian Gulf</i> (1922)

(1922). X.—On some interesting hedgehogs from the Persian Gulf. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 49, pp. 142-144.
Influence of P-Chirality of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides on the Activity of Amv-Reverse Transcriptase (1998)

Abstract The inhibition of reverse transcriptase by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides of predetermined absolute configuration at each internucleotide centre (PS-oligos) was studied in a cell-free system, composed of an RNA template, a primer oligodeoxynucleotide (PO-oligo) and the AMV or HIV reverse transcriptase. It was found that the non-antisense inhibition of the RT enzymes caused by their direct interaction with PS-oligos depends upon a nucleoside sequence of oligonucleotide as well as upon the absolute configuration at phosphorus atoms of internucleotide phosphorothioate bonds.
Experiences of Somali Entrepreneurs: New Evidence from the Twin Cities (2011)

In 2004, in the pages of this journal, Hussein Samatar put a human face on the difficulties that challenge Somali business owners in Minnesota. He also provided an overview of the impressive accomplishments of these industrious individuals. Here, we identify what has improved since 2004 and the challenges that remain. To do this, we use findings from a survey of 135 Twin City business owners (90 Somali owners and 45 non-Somali owners). We find that Somali business owners are optimistic about their longterm success. They tend to have plenty of informal experience with entrepreneurship through their parents, other family members, or friends. Somali business owners, especially those with street-front businesses, now talk regularly to each other, and this can provide another source of informal learning. In addition to the benefits of knowledge picked up informally through family or other business owners, Somali entrepreneurs appear to make excellent use of formal training (if they have had it) in their business practices. Less encouraging, we find that several problems identified by Samatar persist. Few Somali business owners have written business plans. In our sample, less than half of the Somali entrepreneurs in suuqs (malls) had bank accounts for their businesses. The percentage of Somali entrepreneurs who borrow from formal financial institutions, such as banks, is miniscule. Market saturation is still a huge factor, limiting business growth and increasing the risk of business failure. In the next several sections, we elaborate on
Relationship between behavior of food and occlusal configuration on masticatory function. (1995)

咀嚼運動は, 上下顎の対合する歯と, 口腔周囲軟組織との協調運動により, 食物を粉砕し, 口腔内に取り込み, 嚥下可能な食塊の形成を行う一連の運動であり, 咬合面周囲での食物の動態を把握することは咀嚼機能を理解する上で不可欠なことである.そこで本研究では咀嚼中の食物の粉砕に伴う動態を把握するとともに, その動態と咬合面形態との関連性を検討することを目的とした.食物動態を測定するために新たな方法を考案した.すなわち, 被験食品としてピーナッツを用い, 規定回数咀嚼させた後, 頬側に貯留するピーナッツと, 舌側に貯留するピーナッツを別々に回収し, その各々の重量と, 粉砕度について測定する方法である.その結果, 頬・舌側貯留率に関しては咀嚼の進行に伴い頬側貯留率は順次減少し, 逆に舌側は増加すること, 更に, 粉砕度に関してはいずれの咀嚼回数においても頬側よりも舌側が高いことが判明した.最近, 機能運動中の上顎第1大臼歯に存在する圧搾空間において食物の圧搾, 粉砕が行われると主張されている.この考えに立脚すると, ピーナッツの動態を規定する因子の一つとして圧搾空間の機能が推測される.そこで, 実験的に天然歯を模倣した咬合面と頬側咬頭を削除した咬合面で食物動態の比較検討を行った.その結果, 前者に比べ, 後者では頬側貯留率が増加するとともにその中に占める小さな粒子の割合が増加する傾向が認められ, 圧搾空間の機能的意義の一端を窺い知ることができた.
Optimization of Enhanced Steam-Ejector Applied to Steam Jet Refrigeration (1998)

Abstract Ejectors are used for a wide range of applications. Refrigeration systems have, a long established history. Ejector refrigerators working on steam or halocarbon refrigerants provide a high level of flexibility. Ejector can also be used in solar-powered refrigeration systems and absorption-refrigeration systems. There are very few comprehensive theoretical studies even though several models for ejectors in literature. A new ejector theory was developed by Munday and Bagster (1977). This theory depends on the assumption of two discrete streams, the motive stream and the secondary stream. The two streams maintain their identity down the converging duct of the diffuser. At some section the secondary flow reaches sonic velocity. The shocking and mixing occur at the very end of the converging cone resulting in a transient supersonic mixed stream. There is no supersonic deceleration and a shock takes place immediately on mixing. The mixed stream will shock to the subsonic, found by the intersection of the Fanno and Rayleigh lines. After that the stream is brought to near zero velocity in the diffuser. In the present work this theory is used as a basis, in order to develop a computerized model of ejector with particular reference to steam-ejector at various operating conditions. The results are compared with available from the literature experimental data. Also a parametric study is conducted in order to reveal the influence of the various parameters on the performance of the steam jet refrigeration.
Hardware/software co-design (1998)

article Free Access Share on Hardware/software co-design: VHDL and Ada 95 code migration and integrated analysis Authors: Mike Mills Air Force Research Lab, Information Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB OH Air Force Research Lab, Information Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB OHView Profile , Greg Peterson Air Force Research Lab, Information Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB OH Air Force Research Lab, Information Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB OHView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGAda Ada LettersVolume XVIIIIssue 6Nov./Dec. 1998 pp 18–27https://doi.org/10.1145/301687.289528Online:01 November 1998Publication History 5citation320DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads320Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Long-term in situ observation of barnacle growth on soft substrates with different elasticity and wettability (2011)

In this paper, settlement, metamorphosis, and long term growth of barnacles on soft substrates with a wide elasticity range (modulus 0.01–0.47 MPa) as well as with the variation in wettability were investigated for the first time in vitro, in the laboratory environment. Tough double-network (DN) hydrogels and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as the soft hydrophilic substrates and hydrophobic substrates, respectively, and polystyrene (PS), a hard and hydrophobic substrate, was used as a control. It was observed that (1) the initial settlement and metamorphosis of cyprid larvae dramatically increase with the substrate elastic modulus while not showing an explicit dependence on the substrate wettability; (2) the growth rate of barnacles on both DN gels and PDMSs does not show an explicit dependence on the elasticity of the soft substrates, while it shows a slightly higher value on the hydrophobic PDMSs than on the hydrophilic DN gels; (3) the growth rate on these soft substrates is explicitly lower than that on the rigid PS substrate at the late stage of the growth; (4) the “self-release” phenomenon of barnacles was observed for the PDMS substrate with a modulus higher than 0.01 MPa. Based on these observations, the antifouling effects of the soft substrates on barnacles were discussed.
A new NMOS temperature-stable voltage reference (1978)

An NMOS voltage reference has been developed that exhibits extremely low drift with temperature. The reference is based on the difference between the gate/source voltages of enhancement and depletion-mode NMOS transistors. The theoretical dependence of the reference voltage on both device and circuit parameters is analyzed and conditions for optimal performance are derived. The reference NMOS transistors are biased to the optimizing current levels by a unique feedback circuit. The measured output voltage drift in the integrated realization agrees well with theory and is less than 5 parts per million per degree Celsius over the temperature range -55/spl deg/ to +125/spl deg/C.
Acid dissociation constant and decay kinetics of the perhydroxyl radical (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid dissociation constant and decay kinetics of the perhydroxyl radicalDavid Behar, Gideon Czapski, Joseph Rabani, Leon M. Dorfman, and Harold A. SchwarzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 17, 3209–3213Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100711a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100711a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1301Altmetric-Citations420LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The preparation of ethyl and isopropyl dienol ethers and dienol pivalate esters from Hagemann's ester and its t-butyl analogue, and the reactions of the derived ester dienolates with electrophiles (1984)

The preparation of ethyl 4-ethoxy-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxyate, ethyl 4-isopropoxy- 2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate, t-butyl 4-isopropoxy-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1- carboxylate, ethyl 4-(t-butylcarbonyloxy)-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate, and t-butyI 4-(t-butylcarbonyloxy)-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate from Hagemann's ester and its t-butyl analogue in the presence of diethyl or diisopropyl sulfates and sodium hydride in dimethyl sulfoxide, or pivaloyl chloride and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine in tetrahydrofuran is described. The foregoing dienol ethers and esters are smoothly deprotonated by lithium diisopropyl- amide in tetrahydrofuran at -78" to give the corresponding ester dienolates, which react regio- specifically with a number of electrophiles, either a or y to the alkoxycarbonyl group of the dienol ether or ester. A number of the products, which are generally obtained in good yields, have been hydrolysed to Hagemann's ester derivatives substituted exclusively at C1.
Image Retrieval Based on the Wavelet Features of Interest (2006)

This paper presents a content-based image retrieval method based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Due to the superiority in multiresolution analysis and spatial-frequency localization, the DWT is used to extract wavelet features (i.e., approximations, horizontal details, vertical details, and diagonal details) at each resolution level. Based on the observation that the YUV color space is rather effective in terms of the extraction of color features, each image is first transformed from the standard RGB color space to the YUV space, and then each component (i.e., Y, U, and V) of the image is further transformed to the Wavelet domain. In the image database establishing phase, the wavelet coefficients of each image are stored; in the image retrieving phase, the system compares the most significant wavelet coefficients of the Y, U, and V components of the query image with those of the images in the database, coupled with the weight factors assigned by users, and find out the matches based on the users' interested features. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.
Isoflavone in Postmenopausal Women - Are They Really Effective? A Prospective Case Control Study. (2013)

A prospective case control study was conducted at Medical College, Kolkata with the aim of evaluating the role of isoflavone( a class of phytoestrogen –plant compounds having the beneficial effects of estrogen but lesser risks and side effects) in postmenopausal women. 100 postmenopausal women (those who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooopherectomy for different benign indications, aged between 40-50 years and who were menstruating before operation) were alternately distributed into two groups-Group A (n=50, received 60mg of isoflavone and 500mg of calcium per day for 6 months) and Group B (n=50, received 500mg of calcium per day only for 6 months). To evaluate the menopausal symptoms, the menopausal Kupperman index questionnaire was applied. Other outcomes measured were body mass index, blood pressure and lipid profile. Menopausal symptoms in Group A(those using isoflavones) were lower compared to Group B. The present study showed that Kupperman index decreased significantly in Group A (from 28.48 ± 2.03 to 16.32 ± 1.06 i.e. 45% decline) compared to Group B (from 24.56 ± 1.52 to 18.44 ± 1.11 i.e. 25% decline). No differences in blood pressure or body mass index were found during treatment between the two groups. . In our study total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) decreased significantly in Group A compared to Group B. Therefore our clinical study indicates that isoflavone can be an invaluable resource for postmenopausal women for combating menopausal symptoms. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 1 / Issue 13 / Jan- June, 2012 / 11-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i1.8826
Identification of a Protein That Binds to the Ho Endonuclease Recognition Sequence at the Yeast Mating Type Locus (1997)

Mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae initiates when Ho endonuclease makes a site-specific double-stranded break at MAT, the yeast mating type locus. To identify other proteins involved in this process, we examined whether extracts prepared from ho- mutants contain additional factors that bind near the recognition sequence for Ho. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we isolated a chromatographic fraction that contains an activity, named YZbp, which binds to two sequences flanking the recognition sequence at MATalpha and to one sequence overlapping it at MATa. MAT plasmids carrying mutations in the YZbp recognition sequence are cleaved by purified Ho at wild-type efficiencies in an in vitro assay. These same plasmids, however, are not cleaved by Ho inside cells, demonstrating that YZbp acts as a positive activator of in vivo cleavage. YZbp is present in all cell types, even those not undergoing mating type switching, suggesting that it has additional cellular functions.
Ocular melanin binding of drugs: in vitro binding studies combined to a pharmacokinetic model (2014)

Certain drugs accumulate into pigmented tissues due to their binding to melanin, a macromolecule inside pigmented cells. Melanin can affect the drug's pharmacokinetics by acting as a drug reservoir. Binding can also cause toxic effects by accumulating compounds to pigmented cells. This thesis focuses on ocular melanin. The literature review covers the most common methods used in the study of ocular melanin binding and concentrates on in vitro methods and the analysis and usability of the results in pharmacokinetic modeling. \n\nThe aim of the experimental part was to study melanin binding of a set of compounds in vitro with melanin isolated from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid of porcine eyes and with primary porcine RPE cells and then construct a pharmacokinetic model of melanin binding with STELLA® software and simulate it with the in vitro results. The compounds chosen for the study; nadolol, timolol, chloroquine, methotrexate, carboxydichlorofluorescein (CDCF) and dexamethasone, are small molecules with diverse physicochemical properties (octanol/water partitioning coefficient (logP), pKa, acid/base status). Some are also efflux substrates. The in vitro binding with melanin was studied at pH 7.4 and in addition at pH 5 for the acidic compounds, since the pH inside melanosomes where melanin is located is acidic. Porcine RPE cells were used to study the amount of uptake and rate of elimination of the set of compounds. The effect of efflux was also evaluated with a general efflux inhibitor probenecid. \n\nAll the basic compounds bound to melanin in vitro. The acidic compounds did not seem to bind at pH 7.4 but bound at pH 5. Chloroquine, as expected, had the highest binding. In the cell studies, the uptake of chloroquine was significant, at least partly due to melanin binding. The other compounds were taken into the cells to a much smaller extent. The efflux inhibitor did not seem to affect the results. The results of the binding study were used in the models constructed of melanin binding and cellular pharmacokinetics. The constructed model was a very simple one not taking into account many factors affecting cellular pharmacokinetics. The results of both the in vitro studies and the model give a good idea of the importance of melanin binding in ocular drug delivery. The model can be used in the future as a base for more comprehensive models of the effect of melanin binding on ocular pharmacokinetics.