gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast and accurate coarsening simulation with an unconditionally stable time step (2003)

We present Cahn-Hilliard and Allen-Cahn numerical integration algorithms that are unconditionally stable and so provide significantly faster accuracy-controlled simulation. Our stability analysis is based on Eyre's theorem and unconditional von Neumann stability analysis, both of which we present. Numerical tests confirm the accuracy of the von Neumann approach, which is straightforward and should be widely applicable in phase-field modeling. For the Cahn-Hilliard case, we show that accuracy can be controlled with an unbounded time step Delta t that grows with time t as Delta t approximately t(alpha). We develop a classification scheme for the step exponent alpha and demonstrate that a class of simple linear algorithms gives alpha=1/3. For this class the speedup relative to a fixed time step grows with N, the linear size of the system, as N/ln N. With conservative choices for the parameters controlling accuracy and finite-size effects we find that an 8192(2) lattice can be integrated 300 times faster than with the Euler method.
Biomimetic image processing for retinal prostheses: Peripheral saliency cues (2009)

Retinal prosthesis recipients may still have degraded vision, such that additional information about their surroundings may help them perform certain tasks. We evaluate a system that provides cues that point towards important objects. Using a simulated vision grid of 6 x 10 pixels, subjects perform object location and mobility tasks with and without the help of cues. The velocity of head movement in degrees per second and the time taken by subjects to finish the tasks are recorded. Results show that a cueing system may help to reduce and organize the head movements of the subjects, whereas a time benefit exists in object location but not in mobility tasks.
Roles for Dnmt3b in mammalian development: a mouse model for the ICF syndrome (2006)

ICF (Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability and Facial anomalies) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B. To investigate the function of Dnmt3b in mouse development and to create animal models for ICF syndrome, we have generated three mutant alleles of Dnmt3b in mice: one carrying a deletion of the catalytic domain (null allele) and two carrying ICF-like missense mutations in the catalytic domain. The Dnmt3b null allele results in embryonic lethality from E14.5 to E16.5 with multiple tissue defects, including liver hypotrophy, ventricular septal defect and haemorrhage. By contrast, mice homozygous for the ICF mutations develop to term and some survive to adulthood. These mice show phenotypes that are reminiscent of ICF patients, including hypomethylation of repetitive sequences, low body weight, distinct cranial facial anomalies and T cell death by apoptosis. These results indicate that Dnmt3b plays an essential role at different stages of mouse development, and that ICF missense mutations cause partial loss of function. These mutant mice will be useful for further elucidation of the pathogenic and molecular mechanisms underlying ICF syndrome.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein messenger RNA and glutamine synthetase activity after nervous system injury (1990)

The level of the mRNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the major protein of the intermediate filaments of astroglial cells, and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme selectively localized in astrocytes, were measured at different times after a unilateral mechanical lesion in the rat cerebral cortex. A rapid and early increase (6 hours post-lesion) in GFAP mRNA was observed; GFAP mRNA level reached a peak at 1-3 days and then decreased. Moreover, an astrocytic activation in cortical zones far from the injury site and in the contralateral hemisphere was detected. No change of GS activity was observed in the same model of brain injury, showing that this astroglial marker is not modified during the reactive gliosis obtained with this experimental model. GFAP mRNA has also been detected in the rat sciatic nerve; however, its level was not modified after nerve transection, suggesting a different regulation of GFAP expression in the peripheral nervous system.
Ferroelectric liquid crystals and dopants containing the chiral thiirane unit. A comparison with analogous oxiranes (1989)

Abstract The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a new type of ferroelectric liquid crystals and dopants (for induced ferroelectric phases) containing cis or trans disub-stituted thiiranes as the chiral unit are described. A comparison of the thiiranes with the corresponding oxiranes is given. In the thiirane series the tendency to exhibit mesophases is less pronounced. S*C phases occur for three aromatic cores in the mesogenic part of the molecule. The temperature ranges of the liquid crystal phases are broader and the transition temperatures are higher in the trans compared with cis configured thiiranes and oxiranes. Cis configured thiiranes exhibit a higher spontaneous polarization than the corresponding trans compounds.
Precision selection for energy-efficient pixel shaders (2011)

In this work, we seek to realize energy savings in modern pixel shaders by reducing the precision of their arithmetic. We explore three schemes for controlling this reduction. The first is a static analysis technique, which analyzes shader programs to choose precision with guaranteed error bounds. This approach may be too conservative in practice since it cannot take advantage of run-time information, so we also examine two methods that take the actual data values into account - a programmer-directed approach and a closed-loop error-tracking approach, both of which can lead to higher savings. To use this last method, we developed several heuristics to control how the precisions will change over time. We simulate several series of frames from commercial applications to evaluate the performance of these different schemes. The average savings found by the static and dynamic approaches are 31%, 70%, and 62% in the pixel shader's arithmetic, respectively, which could result in as much as a 10--20% savings of the GPU's energy as a whole.
The N-Terminal Region of Arabidopsis Cystathionine gamma -Synthase Plays an Important Regulatory Role in Methionine Metabolism (2002)

Cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS) is a key enzyme of Met biosynthesis in bacteria and plants. Aligning the amino acid sequences revealed that the plant enzyme has an extended N-terminal region that is not found in the bacterial enzyme. However, this region is not essential for the catalytic activity of this enzyme, as deduced from the complementation test of an Escherichia coli CGS mutant. To determine the function of this N-terminal region, we overexpressed full-length Arabidopsis CGS and its truncated version that lacks the N-terminal region in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. Transgenic plants expressing both types of CGS had a significant higher level of Met,S-methyl-Met, and Met content in their proteins. However, although plants expressing full-length CGS showed the same phenotype and developmental pattern as wild-type plants, those expressing the truncated CGS showed a severely abnormal phenotype. These abnormal plants also emitted high levels of Met catabolic products, dimethyl sulfide and carbon disulfide. The level of ethylene, the Met-derived hormone, was 40 times higher than in wild-type plants. Since the alien CGS was expressed at comparable levels in both types of transgenic plants, we further suggest that post-translational modification(s) occurs in this N-terminal region, which regulate CGS and/or Met metabolism. More specifically, since the absence of the N-terminal region leads to an impaired Met metabolism, the results further suggest that this region plays a role in protecting plants from a high level of Met catabolic products such as ethylene.
Fair user selection for zero-forcing precoding in multi-user MISO systems (2009)

We analyze a multi-user MISO system employing zero-forcing precoding and user scheduling with an adjustable amount of fairness at the transmitter. The system shows a significant gain in sum-rate from multi-user diversity, even for a small number of users. Furthermore, a large fraction of this gain is attained even if the system is constraint to be as fair as the Round-Robin scheduler. The performance of the fair scheduler shows to be unaffected by partial channel state information at the transmitter in the slow fading regime.
A linear systolic algorithm and architecture for convex bipartite matching (2002)

This paper describes the design of a linear systolic array algorithm and a VLSI architecture for finding the maximum matching in a convex bipartite graph. The design is based on a systolic architecture that fully utilizes the principles of pipelining and parallelism in order to obtain high speed and throughput. The architecture is scalable and the algorithm is partitionable, i.e., large size problems can be partitioned and executed on a fixed sized array. The PE organization is simple and the architecture does not require any local or global memory. The proposed hardware could be used in various applications such as logic synthesis and channel routing in VLSI CAD, collision avoidance in robotics etc. The proposed chip is estimated to operate at a frequency of 100 MHz based on 1-micron SCMOS technology.
Electrical properties of amorphous and crystalline phases in electroluminescent ZnS:Mn, Cu, Cl films (1982)

Thin ZnS:Mn, Cu, Cl films exhibiting dc electroluminescence of Mn+2 are prepared by a three step method involving: (i) evaporation of pure ZnS layer, (ii) dipping in CuCl solution, and (iii) evaporation of ZnS:Mn, Cl top layer. In order to obtain some information about the effects accompanying the electroluminescence, measurements of the conductance as a function of temperature, dc field and ac field frequency as well as capacitance-voltage characteristic were carried out. The results indicate that hopping is the predominant mechanism in the conductivity of a virgin (unformed) ZnS: Mn, Cu, Cl layer while a field enhanced crystallization is responsible for forming, ageing, and the appearance of the dc electroluminescence at an appropriate stage of the forming process. Dünne Schichten aus ZnS:Mn, Cu, Cl, die Gleichspannungs-EIektrolumineszenz von Mn+2 zeigen, werden in folgendem Drei-Stufen-Verfahren hergestellt: (i) Aufdampfen von einer reinen ZnS Schicht, (ii) Eintauchen in CuCl-Lösung und (iii) Aufdampfen einer ZnS:Mn, Cl-Deckschicht. Die Leitfahigkeit wird als Funktion von Temperatur und Wechselfeldfrequenz gemessen. Auch die Leitfahigkeit und Kapazität werden in Abhängigkeit vom Gleichfeld untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Hoppingmechanismus den Hauptbeitrag zur Leitung in der Tragerschicht leistet. Für die Formierung und Aliening ist hauptsächlich die durch das angelegte Feld verstarkte Kristallisation verantwortlich. Außerdem tritt hierdurch an einem giinstigen Punkt des Formierungsprozesses Gleichspannungs-Elektrolumineszenz auf.
Direct-Fed Microbial Supplementation on Ruminal Digestion, Health, and Performance of Pre- and Postpartum Dairy Cattle (2006)

Effects of supplementing direct-fed microbial agents (DFM) to dairy cows during the transition period were evaluated. Forty-four Holstein cows were fed close-up and lactating diets that did or did not contain 2 g of DFM/cow per d. The direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplement was fed at a rate of 2 × 109 viable yeast cells and 5 × 109 cfu of bacteria per cow per day [corrected].Supplemented cows were fed the DFM 21 d prior to expected calving date through 10 wk postpartum. Cows supplemented with DFM had higher estimated ruminally available dry matter (DM) for both corn silage and haylage than did control cows. Supplemented cows consumed more DM during both the pre- and postpartum periods. In addition, those supplemented with DFM produced 2.3 kg more milk/cow per d than did nonsupplemented cows. There was no difference in 3.5% fat-corrected milk. Milk fat percentage was lower, but not depressed (4.76 vs. 4.44%) for cows receiving DFM. There were no differences in milk fat yield or milk protein percentage and yield. Cows consuming DFM had higher blood glucose postpartum, as well as lower beta-hydroxybutyrate levels both prepartum and on d 1 postpartum. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration was not statistically affected by DFM, but was numerically lower prepartum and higher postpartum for supplemented cows. This study demonstrated that targeted DFM supplementation enhanced ruminal digestion of forage DM. Early lactation cows receiving supplemental DFM produced more milk and consumed more DM during the pre- and postpartum periods. Cows consuming DFM, however, experienced a lower, but not depressed, fat percentage compared with nonsupplemented cows.
The blood-brain barrier in primary CNS lymphomas: Ultrastructuralevidence of endothelial cell death (1999)

The vasculature of 24 primary CNS B-cell lymphomas that were not related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was systematically studied by electron microscopy. Seven low-grade astrocytic tumors were included for comparison. Classical electron microscopy features of apoptosis were found in lymphoma cells of 21 of 22 subjects. Capillaries of gliomas and lymphomas showed changes reported previously: variability of endothelial cell (EC)-thickness and number, basal lamina thickness and duplication, and fenestrations. Primary CNS B-cell lymphoma ECs showed two distinctive populations of electron-dense and electron-lucent cells. The electron-dense ECs occurred in 38% of all capillaries, with changes consisting of chromatin condensation in bizarre and contracted nuclei, cytoplasmic shrinkage with markedly increased electron density, and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum. We interpreted these changes as indicative of apoptosis. Cell death eventually resulted in complete disintegration of the endothelium with frank discontinuities of the EC component of the blood-tumor barrier in capillaries and postcapillary venules. Another population of ECs had increased cell volume, conspicuous cytoplasmic electron lucency, dispersed organelles, scattered vesicles, and apical stress fibers. We interpreted these changes as indicative of cellular regeneration. Individual apoptotic ECs often lay next to normal or regenerating ECs. Neither type of EC change was observed in gliomas, which also lacked perivascular neoplastic lymphocytic cuffing. We believe that these populations of ECs, which have not been described in other disorders affecting the blood-brain barrier, may be induced by cytokines released from necrotic and/or apoptotic tumor lymphocytes and may explain the unusual imaging characteristics of primary CNS B-cell lymphomas treated with corticosteroids.
Restoration strategies for future networks (1995)

The prospect of broadband telecommunication networks loaded with massive quantities of information due to the wide range of services being supported stimulates extra concern for network survivability. As the effect of span or node failures could be drastic, rapid restoration strategies are imperative. This paper describes restoration techniques involving the control of digital crossconnect systems, and the exploitation of spare capacity which has been economically planned into the network. This represents a more extensive approach to survivability than straightforward protection switching, thus improving network reliability.
Steric-effect-induced enhancement of electrical-double-layer overlapping phenomena (2011)

In this paper, we demonstrate that nontrivial interactions between steric effect and electrical-double-layer (EDL) overlap phenomena may augment the effective extent of EDL overlap in narrow fluidic confinements to a significant extent by virtue of rendering the channel centerline potential tending to the ζ potential in a limiting sense as the steric effect progressively intensifies. Such a behavior may result in a virtually uniform (undiminished) magnitude of the EDL potential across the entire channel height and may cause lowering of the total charge within the EDL.
FPGA based Digital Pulse Width Modulator with Time Resolution under 2 ns (2007)

This work proposes a new DPWM architecture that takes advantage of FPGA's advanced characteristics, especially the DLLs (Delay-Locked Loop) present in almost every FPGA. The proposed DPWM combines a synchronous (counter-based) block with an asynchronous block for increased resolution without unnecessarily increasing the clock frequency. The experimental results show an implementation in a low cost FPGA (Xilinx Spartan-3) that uses an external 32 MHz clock for a final time resolution under 2 ns.
A scaleable model for STI mechanical stress effect on layout dependence of MOS electrical characteristics (2004)

This paper demonstrates a new compact and scaleable model of mechanical stress effects on MOS electrical performance, induced by shallow trench isolation (STI). This model has included the influence of STI stress not only on the mobility and saturation velocity, but also on the threshold voltage and other important second-order effects. Thus it could simulate the layout dependence of MOS performance with good accuracy and efficiency. We have verified this model with various device dimensions and layout styles of our advanced MOS technologies. And it shows the importance of this new model for circuit design in advanced CMOS generations.
Synthese von 2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐pyrrolen (1975)

Abstract Es wird eine einfache Synthese für 2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐pyrrole beschrieben, die in der Kondensation von α‐Hydroxyketonen, primären Aminen und Malonitril besteht.
Minimizing communication in sparse matrix solvers (2009)

Data communication within the memory system of a single processor node and between multiple nodes in a system is the bottleneck in many iterative sparse matrix solvers like CG and GMRES. Here k iterations of a conventional implementation perform k sparse-matrix-vector-multiplications and Ω(k) vector operations like dot products, resulting in communication that grows by a factor of Ω(k) in both the memory and network. By reorganizing the sparse-matrix kernel to compute a set of matrix-vector products at once and reorganizing the rest of the algorithm accordingly, we can perform k iterations by sending O(log P) messages instead of O(k · log P) messages on a parallel machine, and reading the matrix A from DRAM to cache just once, instead of k times on a sequential machine. This reduces communication to the minimum possible. We combine these techniques to form a new variant of GMRES. Our shared-memory implementation on an 8-core Intel Clovertown gets speedups of up to 4.3x over standard GMRES, without sacrificing convergence rate or numerical stability.
Status of Steam-Injected Gas Turbines (1992)

The injection of exhaust-heat-generated steam into gas turbines for power augmentation has been proven to provide exceptional flexibility of operation in cogeneration applications. The chronology of development of this technology is presented, including a list of available turbines. A description is then given of the design process for converting existing gas turbines to steam injection. Finally, the water purification issue, which is perceived by some as a barrier to cost-effective implementation of such installations, is addressed. It is shown that water purification cost is of the order of 5 percent of the fuel cost and is therefore not a decisive factor.
Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Dual-Band Filters With Closely Spaced Passbands and Flexibly Allocated Bandwidths (2018)

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) with closely spaced passbands and flexibly allocated bandwidths are presented based on TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">102</sub> and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">201</sub> modes in substrate-integrated rectangular cavities (SIRCs). The constraint relationship among the first four mode resonances in an SIRC with its aspect ratio is theoretically analyzed first to explore the realizable frequency ratio of TE102 and TE201 modes. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) design graphs are also delineated to demonstrate the available FBWs of the two passbands. Two SIW dual-band BPFs, including a third-order direct-coupled one centered at 20 and 22 GHz with respective FBWs of 2.6% and 3.9%, and a fourth-order cross-coupled one centered at 20 and 21.5 GHz with both FBWs of 2.35%, are designed, fabricated, and tested for demonstration, showing good agreement between the simulation and measured results.
Prevalence of HLA sensitization in female apheresis donors (1999)

These findings confirm the hypothesis that multiparous women (> or = 3 pregnancies) represent an increased potential risk for TRALI. However, the exclusion of multiparous plateletpheresis donors would eliminate one-third of our female donor pool. Screening such donors for HLA sensitization may represent the optimal approach for identifying donors at risk for causing TRALI, but this still would result in the deferral of 8 percent of female plateletpheresis donors. At present, prospective screening to identify donors at risk for causing TRALI is not justified.
ECG-based selection of angiographic images using DICOM facilities (2003)

Presents a system that selects quasi-automatically the useful images of both coronaries out of a complete angiographic recording session. The useful images are those having a satisfying contrast-agent distribution, corresponding with the same deformations caused by the contractions of the heart muscle, and being recorded from different viewpoints. Using the authors' system called 'AngioView', cardiologists no longer need to browse manually through the huge number of images while making a diagnosis. Consequently, diagnosing becomes faster and easier. As the selection became possible using the properties of DICOM data archival, AngioView demonstrates some of the advantages that can be obtained using DICOM.