gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do Thiazide Diuretics Confer Specific Protection Against Strokes? (2003)

Several large studies have suggested that therapy with thiazide diuretics confers a particular benefit in reducing the risk of strokes that seem to be, at least to some extent, independent of the blood pressure-lowering effect. Such a cerebroprotective effect was documented not only with monotherapy but also when diuretics were used in combination with other drugs. The cerebroprotective effect does not seem to be shared by other drug classes, such as the beta-blockers or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in patients without manifest cardiovascular disease. Since stroke is one of the most devastating sequelae of high blood pressure, our data strongly favor the use of low-dose diuretics either as initial therapy or in combination in all hypertensive patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease.
Statistical Measurements on Conversational Speech (1940)

Several types of measurement are reported. R.m.s. pressures in one-eighth-second intervals, from the speech of a single voice, are compared with similar measurements in one-fourth-second intervals. The values obtained in the first case are only slightly more widely distributed than in the second, and the difference is least when attention is confined to high frequencies. To earlier r.m.s. measurements, on the voices of six men and five women, is applied the relation found more recently between pressure at a point and total voice power. The resulting curves represent average spectra of voice power for the men and women. Measurements of the distribution of instantaneous pressures in speech are also given.
Trimethylaminuria: The detection of carriers using a trimethylamine load test (1988)

A method potentially of value for investigating putative heterozygotes or carriers of trimethylaminuria by using a single oral dose of trimethylamine (TMA) is described. For healthy volunteers under normal dietary condition and following oral challenge with 300 mg and 600 mg TMA-base, over 90% of the urinary TMA was excreted in the form of TMA (93.6 +/- 1.6%). However, at a dose level of 900 mg TMA-base, there was clear evidence of saturation of the N-oxidation reaction as urinary TMA excretion declined to 77.2% (range 74.8-78.9) of the total dose of TMA. By contrast, in pedigree studies based upon propositi with trimethylaminuria, several parents were identified who showed clear evidence of saturation of the N-oxidation of TMA at the 600 mg TMA-base dose level, but not at 300 mg TMA-base or under normal dietary condition. In these individuals, the proportion of urinary TMA as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) declined to (77.3 +/- 1.7%). Accordingly we propose that the oral administration of 600 mg TMA-base and the analysis of the following 0-8-h urine collection may be useful for the investigation of possible carriers of trimethylaminuria.
Distributed Fieldbus and control network systems (1997)

One of the fastest growing market segments among control and automation technologies is the introduction and development of control network systems. Although fieldbus systems have been used for several years in industrial automation, control network systems opened the market to different application areas, such as home and building automation. The current activities in both fieldbus and control network systems are causing confusion amongst companies and consumers using control equipment. The article shows the differences between fieldbus and control network systems, considers the different application areas, reviews the most popular control systems, and provides useful contact addresses for further inquiries.
Acoustic transistor: Amplification and switch of sound by sound (2014)

We designed an acoustic transistor to manipulate sound in a manner similar to the manipulation of electric current by its electrical counterpart. The acoustic transistor is a three-terminal device with the essential ability to use a small monochromatic acoustic signal to control a much larger output signal within a broad frequency range. The output and controlling signals have the same frequency, suggesting the possibility of cascading the structure to amplify an acoustic signal. Capable of amplifying and switching sound by sound, acoustic transistors have various potential applications and may open the way to the design of conceptual devices such as acoustic logic gates.
Ambiguous Nucleotide Calls From Population-based Sequencing of HIV-1 are a Marker for Viral Diversity and the Age of Infection (2011)

These findings show that the fraction of ambiguous nucleotides is a useful marker for the age of infection.
Potential for efficient frequency conversion at high average power using solid state nonlinear optical materials (1985)

High-average-power frequency conversion using solid state nonlinear materials is discussed. Recent laboratory experience and new developments in design concepts show that current technology, a few tens of watts, may be extended by several orders of magnitude. For example, using KD*P, efficient doubling (>70%) of Nd:YAG at average powers approaching 100 KW is possible; and for doubling to the blue or ultraviolet regions, the average power may approach 1 MW. Configurations using segmented apertures permit essentially unlimited scaling of average power. High average power is achieved by configuring the nonlinear material as a set of thin plates with a large ratio of surface area to volume and by cooling the exposed surfaces with a flowing gas. The design and material fabrication of such a harmonic generator are well within current technology.
Rapid Identification of Bacteria from Positive Blood Cultures by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profile Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene (2003)

Bacteremia results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially among patient populations that are immunocompromised. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered to patients suspected to have bloodstream infections that are awaiting diagnosis that depends on blood culture analysis. Significant delays in identification of pathogens can result, primarily due to the dependence on growth-based identification systems. To address these limitations, we took advantage of terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) due to 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence diversity to rapidly identify bacterial pathogens directly from positive blood culture. TRF profiles for each organism were determined by sizing fragments from restriction digests of PCR products derived from two sets of 16S rDNA-specific fluorescent dye-labeled primers. In addition, we created a TRF profile database (TRFPD) with 5899 predicted TRF profiles from sequence information representing 2860 different bacterial species. TRF profiles were experimentally determined for 69 reference organisms and 32 clinical isolates and then compared against the predicted profiles in the TRFPD. The predictive value of the profiles was found to be accurate to the species level with most organisms tested. In addition, identification of 10 different genera was possible with profiles comprising two or three TRFs. Although it was possible to identify Enterobacteriaceae by using a profile of three TRFs, the similarity of the TRF profiles of these organisms makes differentiation of species less reliable with the current method. The ability to rapidly (i.e., within approximately 8 h) identify bacteria from blood cultures has potential for reducing unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and promoting more timely prescription of appropriate antibiotics.
흡착콜로이드 부상법을 이용한 부유물질 제거 (2011)

부유물질 제거를 위하여 단백질을 표면활성 물질로 사용하는 흡착콜로이드 부상실험을 수행하였다. 표면활성 물질로 Casein과 Gelatin, 응집제로 Alum과 FeCl3을 사용하여 실험한 결과, Casein-Alum의 최적 조건은 pH 9, 공탑 공기유속 0.5L/min, 응집제의 농도 10mg/L, 표면활성 물질의 농도 40mg/L, 체류시간 2.0min로 나타났다. Gelatin-Alum의 최적 조건은 pH 6, 공탑 공기유속 2.0L/min, 응집제의 농도 4mg/L, 표면활성 물질의 농도 60mg/L, 체류시간 2.5min로 나타났다. Casein-FeCl3의 경우 pH 9, 공탑 공기유속 0.5L/min, 응집제의 농도 5.0mg/L, 표면활성 물질의 농도 40mg/L, 체류시간 2.0min, Gelatin-FeCl3의 경우 pH 7, 공탑 공기유속 0.4L/min, 응집제의 농도 5.0mg/L, 표면활성 물질의 농도 50mg/L, 체류시간 2.0min로 나타났다. 최적조건에서 각각의 탁도제거율은 Casein-Alum은 92.29%, Gelatin-Alum는 99.71%, Casein-FeCl3는 96.58%, Gelatin-FeCl3는 97.11%로 나타났다.
Removal of Anions from Solution by Calcined Hydrotalcite and Regeneration of Used Sorbent in Repeated Calcination-Rehydration-Anion Exchange Processes (1999)

Synthetic hydrotalcite calcined at 350-550 °C was used for the removal of arsenate, chromate, and vanadate ions from water solutions. The initial anion concentrations were 0.002 mol l -1 . The sorption isotherms were measured at 20 °C and at neutral pH. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used for the sorption capacity evaluation. The ability of the calcined hydrotalcite to remove the anions from solution decreased in the order of vanadate - arsenate - chromate. The hydrotalcite calcined at 450 °C exhibited the best sorption ability for all the anions. The sorbed anions were released by anion exchange in a carbonate-containing solution and the hydrotalcite after subsequent calcination was used again for the removal of anions. The repeating cycles calcination-rehydration-anion exchange gradually reduced the adsorption capacity of the hydrotalcite. The sorption capacity decreased by 50% after the first two cycles but it did not change significantly in the subsequent cycles. When chromate anions were adsorbed, the decrease in sorption capacity was not observed during repeated calcination-rehydration-anion exchange cycles. The change in the sorption capacity was influenced by the ability of calcined hydrotalcite to regenerate the layered crystal structure during the rehydration process.
Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of Trinitrotoluene by a Bis-aniline-Cross-Linked Au Nanoparticles Composite (2009)

A bis-aniline-cross-linked Au nanoparticles (NPs) composite is electropolymerized on Au surfaces. The association of trinitrotoluene, TNT, to the bis-aniline bridging units via pi-donor-acceptor interactions allows the amplified detection of TNT by following the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance changes as a result of the coupling between the localized plasmon of the AuNPs and the surface plasmon wave associated with the gold surface. The detection limit for analyzing TNT by this method is approximately 10 pM. The electropolymerization of the bis-aniline-cross-linked AuNPs composite in the presence of picric acid results in a molecular-imprinted matrix for the enhanced binding of TNT. The imprinted AuNPs composite enabled the sensing of TNT with a detection limit that corresponded to 10 fM. Analysis of the SPR reflectance changes in the presence of different concentrations of TNT revealed a two-step calibration curve that included the ultrasensitive detection of TNT by the imprinted sites in the composite, KassI. for the association of TNT to the imprinted sites, 6.4 x 10(12) M-1, followed by a less sensitive detection of TNT by the nonimprinted pi-donor bis-aniline sites (KNIass. = 3.9 x 10(9) M-1). The imprinted AuNPs composite reveals impressive selectivity. The structural and functional features of the bis-aniline-cross-linked AuNPs composites were characterized by different methods including ellipsometry, AFM, and electrochemical means. The dielectric properties of the AuNPs composite in the presence of different concentrations of TNT were evaluated by the theoretical fitting of the respective experimental SPR curves. The ultrasensitive detection of the TNT by the AuNPs composite was attributed to the changes of the dielectric properties of the composite, as a result of the formation of the pi-donor-acceptor complexes between TNT and the bis-aniline units. These changes in the dielectric properties lead to a change in the conductivity of the AuNPs matrix.
[Cloning and expression of UDP-glucose-4-epimerase gene from Streptomyces and characteristics of the enzyme]. (2005)

The ste 19 gene is identified to encode a UDP-Glucose-4-epimerase by data base comparison and experimental validation. The enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-Glucose and UDP-Galactose. The gene amplified by PCR with the total DNA of Streptomyces sp. 139 as template was cloned into plasmid pET30a at Xho I - Nde I sites. After the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and induced by IPTG, the protein was expressed as high as 26% of the total cell proteins and dominantly as soluble protein form. The high GC content (73.8%) and the preferential usage of G or C as third base of codons (96.2%) seems not to affect its good expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The purity of the recombinant protein purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography is 92.9% by HPLC analysis. Enzyme activity assay shows the recombinant protein is a UDP-Glucose-4-epimerase and its activity is not dependent on exogenous NAD+. The above research lays a very good foundation for study on functions of the ste 19 gene in Ebosin biosynthesis.
Regularized Least Absolute Deviations Regression and an Efficient Algorithm for Parameter Tuning (2006)

Linear regression is one of the most important and widely used techniques for data analysis. However, sometimes people are not satisfied with it because of the following two limitations: 1) its results are sensitive to outliers, so when the error terms are not normally distributed, especially when they have heavy-tailed distributions, linear regression often works badly; 2) its estimated coefficients tend to have high variance, although their bias is low. To reduce the influence of outliers, robust regression models were developed. Least absolute deviation (LAD) regression is one of them. LAD minimizes the mean absolute errors, instead of mean squared errors, so its results are more robust. To address the second limitation, shrinkage methods were proposed, which add a penalty on the size of the coefficients. The LASSO is one of these methods and it uses the L1-norm penalty, which not only reduces the prediction error and the variance of estimated coefficients, but also provides an automatic feature selection function. In this paper, we propose the regularized least absolute deviation (RLAD) regression model, which combines the nice features of the LAD and the LASSO together. The RLAD is a regularization method, whose objective function has the form of "loss + penalty." The "loss" is the sum of the absolute deviations and the "penalty" is the L1-norm of the coefficient vector. Furthermore, to facilitate parameter tuning, we develop an efficient algorithm which can solve the entire regularization path in one pass. Simulations with various settings are performed to demonstrate its performance. Finally, we apply the algorithm to solve the image reconstruction problem and find interesting results.
Multiple co‐transfection and co‐expression of human β‐1,3‐<i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase with human calreticulin chaperone cDNA in a single step in insect cells (2006)

Human beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2) is indispensable for the conversion of lacto-N-triose II into lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose. In this paper, we report multiple co-transfection in a single step using two different human cDNAs in an insect cell, beta3GnT2 and calreticulin chaperone respectively. This minimized the time required to isolate stably expressing cell line from 12 weeks to 4 weeks and simplified the isolation technique to a one-step process. We tried to insert as much cDNA as possible and used various concentrations of two antibiotics, Blasticidin and Geneticin, at 25-1500 microg/ml respectively during co-transfection for the selection of an efficiently expressing stable cell line with no adverse effects. A stably expressing cell line was isolated which expressed beta3GnT2 and chaperone simultaneously, which gave an activity of 10.1 m-units/ml compared with 6.7 m-units/ml by a cell only carrying beta3GnT2. In this study we correlated the activity of beta3GnT2 with the amount of beta3GnT2 and human calreticulin cDNA in a stably expressing insect cell line simultaneously expressing calreticulin chaperone. When the amounts of chaperone and beta3GnT2 cDNA were in a rough ratio of 1:1, the beta3GnT2 activity was at a high level. In order to achieve better expression levels of beta3GnT2 with less cost and time, efficient ways have to be devised.
Traumatic brain injury: Factors predicting return to work or school (1995)

Prediction of outcome for brain-injured individuals will facilitate effective rehabilitation programme planning which will ultimately improve the patient's quality of life. A sample of traumatic brain-injured subjects who had completed their rehabilitation were contacted post-discharge to identify predictive factors for return to work/school. Subjects were given a telephone interview and their charts were examined retrospectively along five subsets of variables in the predictive matrix: sociodemographics, chronicity, indices of severity, physical impairment, and cognitive functioning. Forty-five subjects were used as the study sample to investigate their vocational and educational outcome, and to generate the best predictive model for return to work/school. Twenty subjects made up the test sample used to evaluate the generalizability of the predictive model. Performance IQ score of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised emerged as the most significant predictor of return to work/school. Implications of these findings for treatment and rehabilitation are discussed.
Hyperexcitability in Combined Entorhinal/Hippocampal Slices of Adult Rat After Exposure to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (1997)

Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in area CA3, the dentate gyrus, and medial entorhinal cortex were examined electrophysiologically by bath application of BDNF in slices containing the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Bath application of 25-100 ng/ml BDNF for 30-90 min increased responses to single afferent stimuli in selective pathways in the majority of slices. In area CA3, responses to mossy fiber stimulation increased in 73% of slices and entorhinal cortex responses to white matter stimulation increased in 64% of slices. After exposure to BDNF, these areas also demonstrated evidence of hyperexcitability, because responses to repetitive stimulation (1-Hz paired pulses for several s) produced multiple population spikes in response to mossy fiber stimulation in CA3 or multiple field potentials in response to white matter stimulation in the entorhinal cortex. Repetitive field potentials persisted after repetitive stimulation ended and usually were followed by spreading depression. Enhancement of responses to single stimuli and hyperexcitability were never evoked in untreated slices or after bath application of boiled BDNF or cytochrome C. The tyrosine kinase antagonist K252a (2 microM) blocked the effects of BDNF. In area CA3, both the potentiation of responses to single stimuli and hyperexcitability showed afferent specificity, because responses to mossy fiber stimulation were affected but responses to fimbria or Schaffer collateral stimulation were not. In addition, regional specificity was demonstrated in that the dentate gyrus was much less affected. The effects of BDNF in area CA3 were similar to those produced by bath application of low doses of kainic acid, which is thought to modulate glutamate release from mossy fiber terminals by a presynaptic action. These results suggest that BDNF has acute effects on excitability in different areas of the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit. These effects appear to be greatest in areas that are highly immunoreactive for BDNF, such as the mossy fibers and the entorhinal cortex. Although the present experiments do not elucidate mechanism(s) definitively, the afferent specificity, similarity to the effects of kainic acid, and block by K252a are consistent with previous hypotheses that BDNF affects acute excitability by a presynaptic action on trkB receptors that modulate excitatory amino acid transmission. However, we cannot rule out actions on inhibitory synapses or postsynaptic processes.
Test And Evaluation Of An Inlet Barrier Filter To Increase Engine Time-on-wing For The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey Tiltrotor (2015)

The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey Tiltrotor has seen significant deployment to austere environments where airborne sand and dust is generated due to aircraft operation on, or near, the ground. Current V-22 production aircraft are equipped with an engine air particle separator (EAPS) to remove larger particles of sand and dust, but finer particulates remain an issue for engine combustion air. A prototype engine inlet barrier filter (EIBF) has been developed as a more robust particle filtration solution. Inlet air filtration with the prototype EIBF is expected to quadruple engine time-on-wing by preventing nearly all fine particulates from entering the engine. The prototype EIBF was installed on the left side of an MV-22 aircraft and was flight tested at the Bell Xworx facility in Arlington, TX with an inlet rake installed at the compressor face of the left-hand-side engine (#1 engine) to measure inlet pressures and temperatures. The author used this data to quantify inlet pressure recovery and inlet flow distortion. Measured data were correlated with analytical results obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); however, this thesis will focus on the flight test aspect of the test and omit technical details regarding the comparison between flight test and CFD. The inlet distortion analysis showed that stable engine operation was achieved with the inlet barrier filter installed. Engine performance was quantified by using Power Assurance Check data generated by the V-22 Vibration, Structural Life, and Engine Diagnostic System (VSLED) on-board the aircraft, where the treated engine (inlet barrier filter installed) was compared to the baseline production inlet configuration. Austere (sand environment) flight tests were conducted at Albuquerque, NM and salt water environment tests were conducted at Pensacola, FL. The inlet barrier filter treatment resulted in a system that maintained engine performance significantly longer than the baseline air particle separator.Distribution Statement A – Approved for Public Release; distribution is unlimited, as submitted under NAVAIR Public Release Authorization 2015-262 & 2015-364.
Optimization-Based Scheduling for the Process Industries: From Theory to Real-Life Industrial Applications (2019)

Scheduling is a major component for the efficient operation of the process industries. Especially in the current competitive globalized market, scheduling is of vital importance to most industries, since profit margins are miniscule. Prof. Sargent was one of the first to acknowledge this. His breakthrough contributions paved the way to other researchers to develop optimization-based methods that can address a plethora of process scheduling problems. Despite the plethora of works published by the scientific community, the practical implementation of optimization-based scheduling in industrial real-life applications is limited. In most industries, the optimization of production scheduling is seen as an extremely complex task and most schedulers prefer the use of a simulation-based software or manual decision, which result to suboptimal solutions. This work presents a comprehensive review of the theoretical concepts that emerged in the last 30 years. Moreover, an overview of the contributions that address real-life industrial case studies of process scheduling is illustrated. Finally, the major reasons that impede the application of optimization-based scheduling are critically analyzed and possible remedies are discussed.