gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability and Vulnerability at the Ecological Level: Implications for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health (2002)

Differences in health outcome variability reflect differences in SES impact on health. Health variability at the ecological level might reflect the impact of stressors on vulnerable populations.
Electrokinetic pixels with biprimary inks for color displays and color-temperature-tunable smart windows (2015)

We report on the advanced implementation of the biprimary color system in applications where subtractive color is performed inside a single pixel to alter the magnitude and color of reflection (electronic paper displays) or the optical transmission and color temperature (smart windows). A novel device structure can switch between four states: clear, black, either of two complementary colors from RGB and CMY sets, and also mixed states between one of these four states. The device structure utilizes an electrokinetic pixel structure, which combines the spectral performance of in-plane electrophoretic devices with the improved switching speeds of vertical electrophoresis. The electrophoretic dispersions are dual-particle dual-colored and are controlled using two traditional planar electrokinetic electrodes on the front and back substrates, along with a third electrode conveniently located at the perimeter of each unit cell. Demonstrated performance includes contrast ratios reaching ∼10∶1, reflectance of ∼62%, and transparency of ∼75%. For electronic paper displays, these results provide a pathway to double the reflective performance compared to the traditional RGBW color-filter approach. For smart windows, the technology provides not only control of shade (transmission) but also provides complete control over color temperature. Furthermore, this three-electrode device can be roll-to-roll fabricated without need for any alignment steps, requiring only a single micro-replication step followed by self-aligned contact printing of the third electrode.
Identification of p54<sup>nrb</sup> and the 14-3-3 Protein HS1 as TNF-α-Inducible Genes Related to Cell Cycle Control and Apoptosis in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells (2005)

TNF-alpha plays a pivotal role in inflammation processes which are mainly regulated by endothelial cells. While TNF-alpha induces apoptosis of several cell types like tumor cells, endothelial cells are resistant to TNFa mediated cell death. The cytotoxic effects of TNF-alpha on most cells are only evident if RNA or protein synthesis is inhibited, suggesting that de novo RNA or protein synthesis protect cells from TNF-alpha cytotoxicity, presumably by NF-kappaB mediated induction of protective genes. However, the cytoprotective genes involved in NF-kappaB dependent endothelial cell survival have not been sufficiently identified. In the present study, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was employed to identify rarely transcribed TNF-alpha inducible genes in human arterial endothelial cells related to cell survival and cell cycle. The TNF-alpha-induced expression of the RNA binding protein p54(nrb) and the 14-3-3 protein HS1 as shown here for the first time may contribute to the TNF-alpha mediated cell protection of endothelial cells. These genes have been shown to play pivotal roles in cell survival and cell cycle control in different experimental settings. The concerted expression of these genes together with other genes related to cell protection and cell cycle like DnaJ, p21(cip1) and the ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 demonstrates the identification of new genes in the context of TNF-alpha induced gene expression patterns mediating the prosurvival effect of TNF-alpha in endothelial cells.
Prenatal methadone exposure: effects on behavior in early infancy. (1982)

As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of the developmental effects of prenatal methadone exposure, 41 children born to methadone-maintained mothers and 23 children from matched backgrounds but with negative maternal history of drug abuse were evaluated at six months of age. Each child received physical and neurological examinations and a battery of behavioral assessments that included a visual habituation task, the Bayley Scales and the Object Permanence Scales. The groups did not differ significantly in frequency of suspect-abnormal neurological signs or in mean scores on the three behavioral measures. Despite the great within-group variances, performance on the behavioral measures was not related to maternal or neonatal characteristics. There were significantly more low PDI scores (predictors of developmental difficulties) among methadone subjects, particularly among methadone vs comparison males. These findings corroborate other studies that have shown 1) delayed motor development in methadone-exposed infants, 2) greater vulnerability of males to adverse environmental conditions, and 3) correlation between early methadone exposure and behavioral abnormalities in adult male rats. The significance of prenatal methadone exposure as a risk factor is discussed.
An automated TCA monitor system for air traffic control (2002)

Presents a real-time monitor system as an aid to air traffic controller in a terminal control area (TCA) The proposed monitor system is composed of a mathematical algorithm and a knowledge-based system to check real time aircraft data from radar data processor (RDP) with flight route constraints in a TCA. The flight route constraints are generated according to flight routes by different arrival and departure methods, TCA geographical conditions, real time weather conditions and other conditions which are significant to flight safety. Linear extrapolations of aircraft position data are calculated to examine constraint violations. The output of TCA monitor system in flashing mode or tone mode alerts the TCA controllers for hazardous condition in advance. Using the proposed TCA monitor system, flight safety in a TCA can be improved, and ATC controller load can also be reduced. Real time simulations for different cases are tested on a personal computer for demonstration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correction - The Recovery of Bromine from Sea Water (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection - The Recovery of Bromine from Sea WaterChas. M. A. StineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 7, 669Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 December 2004Published inissue 1 July 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50235a607https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50235a607research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists: the sclerostin paradigm. (2005)

Sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease are two closely related sclerosing disorders, characterized by progressive bone thickening due to increased bone formation. Sclerosteosis is due to premature termination mutations in the SOST gene, whereas Van Buchem disease has been associated with a 52 kb deletion downstream of the SOST gene that most likely inhibits SOST gene transcription. The gene product, sclerostin, is an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation with amino acid sequence similarity with the DAN family of secreted glycoproteins, that share the capacity to antagonize bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity. The exact mechanism, however, by which sclerostin inhibits osteoblastic bone formation is still uncertain. While it binds BMPs and antagonizes their bone forming capacity, it cannot antagonize all BMP responses. Sclerostin's mechanism of action is, therefore, distinct from that described for classical BMP antagonists. The restricted expression of sclerostin and the exclusive bone phenotype of good quality of patients with sclerosteosis or Van Buchem disease provide the basis for the development of therapeutics that stimulate bone formation, such as, for example, an antibody against sclerostin.
Mouse Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase is required for the heart development and limb formation (2000)

Our findings suggest that mRor2 plays essential roles in the development of the heart and in limb/tail formation, in particular cardiac septal formation and ossification of distal portions of limbs and tails.
Variability of Growth of Lactose Crystals Under Commercial Treatment (1977)

The problem of accelerating crystallization rate while simultaneously achieving acceptable yield and handling properties of lactose crystals under industrial conditions is of great importance. Five commercially produced samples of lactose were analyzed on an Image Analyzer Computer, and the percentage of total crystals was measured for 11 sizes covering a range from 679 to 35,646 #m 2. The effect of cooling rate on crystal size distribution was the major processing variable. The relationships of size distribution of the crystals to such physical characteristics as ease of centrifuging, rinsing, and drying are discussed.
Simulating Properties of In Vitro Epithelial Cell Morphogenesis (2006)

How do individual epithelial cells (ECs) organize into multicellular structures? ECs are studied in vitro to help answer that question. Characteristic growth features include stable cyst formation in embedded culture, inverted cyst formation in suspension culture, and lumen formation in overlay culture. Formation of these characteristic structures is believed to be a consequence of an intrinsic program of differentiation and de-differentiation. To help discover how such a program may function, we developed an in silico analogue in which space, events, and time are discretized. Software agents and objects represent cells and components of the environment. "Cells" act independently. The "program" governing their behavior is embedded within each in the form of axioms and an inflexible decisional process. Relationships between the axioms and recognized cell functions are specified. Interactions between "cells" and environment components during simulation give rise to a complex in silico phenotype characterized by context-dependent structures that mimic counterparts observed in four different in vitro culture conditions: a targeted set of in vitro phenotypic attributes was matched by in silico attributes. However, for a particular growth condition, the analogue failed to exhibit behaviors characteristic of functionally polarized ECs. We solved this problem by following an iterative refinement method that improved the first analogue and led to a second: it exhibited characteristic differentiation and growth properties in all simulated growth conditions. It is the first model to simultaneously provide a representation of nonpolarized and structurally polarized cell types, and a mechanism for their interconversion. The second analogue also uses an inflexible axiomatic program. When specific axioms are relaxed, growths strikingly characteristic of cancerous and precancerous lesions are observed. In one case, the simulated cause is aberrant matrix production. Analogue design facilitates gaining deeper insight into such phenomena by making it easy to replace low-resolution components with increasingly detailed and realistic components.
High-Yield Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Few-Layer MoS2 Nanosheets by Exfoliating Natural Molybdenite Powders Directly via a Coupled Ultrasonication-Milling Process (2016)

Cost-effective and scalable preparation of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been the bottleneck that limits their applications. This paper reports a novel coupled ultrasonication-milling (CUM) process to exfoliate natural molybdenite powders to achieve few-layer MoS2 (FL-MoS2) nanosheets in the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules. The synergistic effect of ultrasonication and sand milling highly enhanced the exfoliation efficiency, and the precursor of natural molybdenite powders minimizes the synthetic cost of FL-MoS2 nanosheets. The exfoliation of natural molybdenite powders was conducted in a home-made CUM system, mainly consisting of an ultrasonic cell disruptor and a ceramic sand mill. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectra, Raman spectra, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, AFM, and N2 adsorption-desorption. The factors that influence the exfoliation in the CUM process, including the initial concentration of natural molybdenite powders (C in, 15-55 g L(-1)), ultrasonic power (P u, 200-350 W), rotation speed of sand mill (ω s, 1500-2250 r.p.m), exfoliation time (t ex, 0.5-6 h), and the molar ratio of PVP unit to MoS2 (R pm, 0-1), were systematically investigated. Under the optimal CUM conditions (i.e., C in = 45 g L(-1), P u = 280 W, ω s = 2250 r.p.m and R pm = 0.5), the yield at t ex = 6 h reaches 21.6 %, and the corresponding exfoliation rate is as high as 1.42 g L(-1) h(-1). The exfoliation efficiency of the CUM mode is much higher than that of either the ultrasonication (U) mode or the milling (M) mode. The synergistic mechanism and influencing rules of the CUM process in exfoliating natural molybdenite powders were elaborated. The as-obtained FL-MoS2 nanosheets have a high specific surface area of 924 m(2) g(-1) and show highly enhanced electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction and good electrochemical sensing property in detecting ascorbic acid. The CUM process developed has paved a low-cost, green, and highly efficient way towards FL-MoS2 nanosheets from natural molybdenite powders.
Determination of methylpropene: By means of a modified Denigès reagent (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTDetermination of methylpropene: By means of a modified Denigès reagentA. Newton and E. J. BucklerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1940, 12, 5, 251–254Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50145a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50145a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Three Satisfaction Models Compared in Survey of Taiwanese Tourists (1996)

This comparison helps illustrate some of the strengths, weaknesses, and inter relationships of the three models.
Partial correction of the TH2/TH1 imbalance in neonatal murine responses to vaccine antigens through selective adjuvant effects (1996)

We have recently shown that neonatal responses to a pannel of vaccine antigens and presentation systems differed qualitatively from adult responses by a bias towards a TH2 pattern. Here we report that a selected adjuvant comprising block copolymers in a water-in-oil emulsion can induce balanced TH1/TH2 responses in BALB/c mice primed at 1 week of age with an immunodominant tetanus peptide vaccine. However, using this specific TH1-driving adjuvant only at time of boosting was not sufficient to fully circumvent the persisting influence of TH2-biased neonatal responses. Unexpectedly also, a significant local toxicity was observed in newborn and young mice, whereas only mild reactions occurred in adults. Thus, although the induction of strong TH1 responses in the neonatal period can be achieved using specific adjuvants, through modulation of the immunological environment present at time of priming, whether such immunization strategies would be safe in the neonatal period remains to be demonstrated. These observations should be taken into consideration in the development of novel vaccines that will have to be already effective early in life.
An 8b 350MHz flash ADC (1987)

A circuit technology and a self-aligned emitter process with poly-Si base contact, affording 350MHz conversion with power consumption of 1.5W, will be reported. A flash A/D conversion technique with error and nonlinearity suppression provides a 41.5dB SNR for a 30MHz input signal. The chip measures 3.16×82mm, with 14,000 components.
Application-Oriented Extensions of Profile Flags (2006)

This paper discusses two applications of probing dense volumetric data for MR orthopedics and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI mammography. In order not to reduce the context information and to extract the essential part of the data, we apply Profile Flags. A Profile Flag is a 3D glyph for probing and annotating the volumetric data. The first application area deals with visualization of T2 profiles for interactive inspection of knee cartilage and detection of lesions. In the second application, we present the usability the Profile Flags for measuring of time-signal profiles for a set of time-dependent MR volumes. Several extensions of the basic Profile Flag concept are described in detail and discussed. These extensions include selection of a set of profiles based on spatial as well as curve differences, automatic positioning of the Profile Flags, and adaptation for probing of time-varying volumetric data. Additionally, we include the evaluation of the used methods by our medical partners.
Effective algorithm for integrating clock gating and power gating to reduce dynamic and active leakage power simultaneously (2011)

Clock gating and power gating are the two most widely used techniques to reduce dynamic power and leakage power respectively. It is desired that these two techniques can be integrated. In this paper, activity-driven optimized bus specific clock gating (OBSC) is applied to reduce dynamic power, and the enable signal generated by OBSC is used as the sleep signal for power gating. The power gated cells are determined by a proposed forward traversing algorithm. Moreover, minimum idle time concept is used to determine if the insertion of power gating will gain energy reduction. In order to evaluate our technique, ISCAS'89 circuits have been experimented. The simulation results prove that 25.07% dynamic power can be reduced by OBSC, and 45.12% active leakage power can be saved by power gating.
The toxicity of refrigerants (1996)

This paper presents toxicity data and exposure limits for refrigerant~.The dat~ address both acute (sh~rt-term, single exposure) and chronic (long-term, repeated exposure) effects, w1th emphas1s on ~he forme~.The refngerants covered include those in common use for the last decade, those used as components 1n alternatives, and selected candidates for future replacements.The paper also reviews the toxicity indicators used in both safety standards and building, mechanical, and fire codes.It then outlines current classification methods for refrigerant safety and relates them to standard and code usage.
Mucins (MUC1 and MUC3) of Gastrointestinal and Breast Epithelia Reveal Different and Heterogeneous Tumor-associated Aberrations in Glycosylation (1997)

In a comprehensive study, we examined the expression of the membrane and secretory mucins MUC1 and MUC3, respectively, in normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal and breast epithelia before and after specific alterations of their glycan structures by neuraminidase, alpha-fucosidase, or carbohydrate-specific periodate oxidation. MUC1 mRNA was also identified in normal colorectal tissues by in situ hybridization. The data revealed that normal colorectal epithelia express both MUC1 mRNA and protein, which were detectable after periodate oxidation with all tested MUC1-specific antibodies. During tumorigenesis in the colon, MUC1 became recognizable without periodate treatment concomitantly with highly dysplastic lesions and the malignant state. In the breast, in which MUC1 is detectable with most antibodies in normal epithelium as well as in carcinomas, staining could be enhanced by pretreatment with periodate and casually by enzyme treatments. MUC3 was detectable in normal and neoplastic colorectal tissues and was more intensely stained after periodate oxidation. It was absent in normal breast even after pretreatment but was expressed in seven of 20 breast carcinomas. Therefore, incomplete glycosylation, abnormal distribution, and ectopic expression of mucins are characteristics of malignancy. Periodate oxidation may be widely applicable to immunohistochemistry for examining changes in glycosylation and for detecting antigens masked by glycans.
Possible Recent and Ancient Glacial Ice Flow in the South Polar Region of Mars (1992)

Martian polar science began almost as soon as small telescopes were trained on the planet. The seasonal expansion and contraction of the polar caps and their high albedoes led most astronomers to think that water ice is the dominant constituent. In 1911 Lowell perceived a bluish band around the retreating edge of the polar caps, and interpreted it as water from melting polar ice and seasonal snow. An alternative idea in his time was that the polar caps consist of frozen carbonic acid. Lowell rejected the carbonic acid hypothesis on account of his blue band. He also pointed out that carbonic acid would sublimate rather than melt at confining pressures near and below one bar, hence, carbonic acid could not account for the blue band. In comparing Lowell's theories with today's knowledge, it is recognized that (1) sublimation is mainly responsible for the growth and contraction of Mars' polar caps, (2) carbon dioxide is a major component of the southern polar cap, and (3) Lowell's blue band was probably seasonal dust and/or clouds. Geomorphic evidence that glacial ice and glacial melt waters once flowed over broad areas of the southern polar region. Two aspects of the south polar region suggest possible glacial processes during two distinct eras in Mars' history.