gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Alkali Aluminium Thiohypodiphosphates M<sup>I</sup>AlP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (M = Li, Na) (2013)

Abstract The crystal structures of the alkali aluminium thiohypodiphosphates M I AlP 2 S 6 (M I = Li, Na) are reported. NaAlP 2 S 6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd 2 (no. 43) with a = 8.0400(2), b = 10.9452(2), c = 20.8801(4) Å, and V = 1837.44(7) Å 3 ( Z = 8). It is isostructural with AgAlP 2 S 6 , which is consistent with the similar ionic radii of Na and Ag. In contrast, LiAlP 2 S 6 crystallizes in a different structure type which has not been observed in the large number of thiohypodiphosphates reported so far. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/ c (no. 15) with a = 6.783(3), b = 10.365(4), c = 11.776(4) Å, β = 94.399(5)°, and V = 825.46(5) Å 3 ( Z = 4).
The endocrine function of rat gonads with reduced number of germ cells following Busulphan treatment. (1986)

The endocrine function of rat gonads with an experimentally reduced number of germ cells was examined to analyse the effect of germ cells on the surrounding somatic endocrine cells. Pregnant Wistar rats received a single i.v. injection of 10 mg/kg B.W. of Busulphan on day 15 of gestation to prevent fetal primordial germ cells from starting mitotic division. The gonadal growth and the number of germ cells in Busulphan-treated rats (B-rats) were severely arrested. Almost a normal testicular structure was formed in the males, while few follicular structures were formed in the females, suggesting that the presence of oocytes in the fetal ovary is a prerequisite to the formation of the follicle. The meiotic division of spermatogonia in B-rats, which started on day 20 as in controls, stopped before the completion of spermatogenesis, and germ cells disappeared by day 50. The remaining germ cells and the associated follicles in female B-rats also disappeared by day 60 after repeating irregular estrous cycles for approximately 1 month. Thereafter the ovary consisted of fibroblasts and morphologically interstitial-like cells. Vaginal opening occurred in B-rats on day 28-30, a-week earlier than in controls. Changes in serum GTH after ovariectomy and the estradiol treatment suggested the maturation of the negative feedback sensitivity to estradiol in this period, and besides, earlier estradiol production with less dependency on gonadotropin. The vaginal epithelium of B-rats was cornified continuously after day 60. The ovarian cells in this period did not luteinize either morphologically or functionally in response to an ovulatory dose of hCG. During the same period, the conversion rate from progesterone to estradiol in ovarian homogenates of B-rats was considerably higher than those of controls at any stage of the estrous cycle. High content of estradiol was detected in the testes of B-rats at any age. In male B-rats, both LH and FSH levels in serum were higher than controls. The serum testosterone concentration in B-rats was lower than the normal, while the testicular testosterone content was greater. In conclusion, with a decreased number of germ cells, the rat gonads of both sexes secrete estradiol very efficiently.
INTERACTION BETWEEN ELASTIC SURFACE WAVES IN PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS (1969)

Nonlinear interaction between elastic surface waves and an almost uniform time-dependent electric field is demonstrated in LiNbO3 at 17 MHz.
Stroke, Cognitive Deficits, and Rehabilitation: Still an Incomplete Picture (2012)

Cognitive impairment after stroke is common and can cause disability with major impacts on quality of life and independence. There are also indirect effects of cognitive impairment on functional recovery after stroke through reduced participation in rehabilitation and poor adherence to treatment guidelines. In this article, we attempt to establish the following: ● whether there is a distinct profile of cognitive impairment after stroke; ● whether the type of cognitive deficit can be associated with the features of stroke-related damage; and ● whether interventions can improve poststroke cognitive performance. There is not a consistent profile of cognitive deficits in stroke, though slowed information processing and executive dysfunction tend to predominate. Our understanding of structure-function relationships has been advanced using imaging techniques such as lesion mapping and will be further enhanced through better characterization of damage to functional networks and identification of subtle white matter abnormalities. Effective cognitive rehabilitation approaches have been reported for focal cortical deficits such as neglect and aphasia, but treatments for more diffusely represented cognitive impairment remain elusive. In the future, the hope is that different techniques that have been shown to promote neural plasticity (e.g., exercise, brain stimulation, and pharmacological agents) can be applied to improve the cognitive function of stroke survivors.
2006 Sandia National Laboratories--Albuquerque Annual Illness and Injury Surveillance Report (2008)

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) commitment to assuring the health and safety of its workers includes the conduct of illness and injury surveillance activities that provide an early warning system to detect health problems among workers. The Illness and Injury Surveillance Program monitors illnesses and health conditions that result in an absence, occupational injuries and illnesses, and disabilities and deaths among current workers.
An empirical typology of seriously mentally ill patients using symptom and social functioning factors. (1990)

There is general agreement that, despite the common experience of suffering that the seriously mentally ill share, they are not one group but many different subtypes with varying levels of disability and need. In the last several decades, mental health researchers and service providers have been refining methods of classifying psychiatric patients into homogeneous subgroups based upon their symptom profiles. Criticisms of traditional psychiatric classification and mental health policy demands for specific knowledge regarding the service needs of mental patients have focused greater attention upon the problems of classifying and identifying the mentally ill. Improvements in the specificity of psychiatric treatments as well as innovations designed to match patients with the most appropriate treatment modality have encouraged this effort. The focus of the study was to follow a recently-generated line of research that uses an empirical and statistically-based approach to classifying psychiatric patients. By using the exploratory multivariate techniques of factor and cluster analysis, and applying confirmatory procedures to test the prognostic utility of a given classification scheme, an empirically-based classification scheme was generated to provide prognostic information about patients that may not be available when traditional, symptom-based diagnostic procedures are used alone. The study investigated the effects of using social functioning dimensions as well as symptom data to subgroup seriously mentally ill patients for the purpose of discerning differences between the subgroups on clinically-relevant criteria, such as needs for specific types of treatment. A cluster analysis of seven symptom and social functioning factors yielded five meaningful patient subtypes: "Young Adult Chronic," "High Functioning Chronic," "Mainstream Chronic," "Socially Isolated/Withdrawn," and "High Functioning Psychotic." The groups differed significantly on three of six areas of treatment needs: for residential services, outpatient services, and crisis services. Statistically significant differences were also found on the Resource Associated Functional Level (RAFL) rating. The five subtypes did not differ significantly in terms of DSM-III diagnosis. On sociodemographic variables, the groups differed in terms of education and employment status. When comparisons were made between the DSM-III Axis I diagnostic categories on these same external criteria, no differences were found on any of the six treatment needs or on prior service utilization. The Axis I groups did differ in terms of RAFL rating and employment status. Thus, the clustering scheme yielded information about the patients' treatment needs and service utilization that was not provided by the DSM-III diagnostic categorization. The implications and limitations of the findings are addressed and suggestions are made for further research.
Muscarinic Agonists with Antipsychotic-like Activity:  Structure−Activity Relationships of 1,2,5-Thiadiazole Analogues with Functional Dopamine Antagonist Activity (1998)

Muscarinic agonists were tested in two models indicative of clinical antipsychotic activity: conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) in rats and inhibition of apomorphine-induced climbing in mice. The standard muscarinic agonists oxotremorine and pilocarpine were both active in these tests but showed little separation between efficacy and cholinergic side effects. Structure-activity relationships of the alkylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazole azacyclic type muscarinic partial agonists are shown, revealing the exo-6-(3-propyl/butylthio-1,2, 5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues (4a,b and 9a, b) to be the most potent antipsychotic agents with large separation between efficacy and cholinergic side effects. The lack of enantiomeric selectivity suggests the pharmacophoric elements are in the mirror plane of the compounds. A model explaining the potency differences of closely related compounds is offered. The data suggest that muscarinic agonists act as functional dopamine antagonists and that they could become a novel treatment of psychotic patients.
Determination of trace amounts of off-flavor compounds in drinking water by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption GC-MS (2001)

A method for the determination of trace amounts of off-flavor compounds including 2-methylisoborneol, geosmin and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in drinking water was developed using the stir bar sorptive extraction technique followed by thermal desorption-GC-MS analysis. The extraction conditions such as extraction mode, salt addition, extraction temperature, sample volume and extraction time were examined. Water samples (20, 40 and 60 ml) were extracted for 60-240 min at room temperature (25 degrees C) using stir bars with a length of 10 mm and coated with a 500 microm layer of polydimethylsiloxane. The extract was analyzed by thermal desorption-GC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The method showed good linearity over the concentration range from 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.5 to 100 ng l(-1) for all the target analytes, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9987. The detection limits ranged from 0.022 to 0.16 ng l(-1). The recoveries (89-109%) and precision (RSD: 0.80-3.7%) of the method were examined by analyzing raw water and tap water samples fortified at the 1 ng l(-1) level. The method was successfully applied to low-level samples (raw water and tap water).
목적세가 경제적 효율과 세수에 미치는 영향 (2005)

이 연구는 목적세의 이론적 기반을 정리하고 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 목적세의 현항과 특성을 분석했다. 세입과 세출이 수익자부담의 원칙에 근거해 적절히 연계된다면 목적세는 소비자의 선호를 반영하는 공공선택의 수단이 될 수 있고, 납세자가 공공서비스의 종류와 규모를 결정하는 주체가 된다면 예산과정의 규율과 책임성이 높아질 수...
Sojourner T v. Edwards. (1992)

The U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, held that the Louisiana Abortion Statute criminalizing performing abortions except under limited circumstances unconstitutionally imposes an undue burden on women seeking abortion before viability. The statute allowed abortions only to remove a dead unborn child, to preserve the life or health of the unborn baby, to save the life of the mother, or when pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. Noting that Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey had reaffirmed the essential holding of Roe v. Wade, the court found the state's interest insufficient to support such restrictions on abortion. The court based its decision on constitutional grounds, and did not consider the plaintiff's argument that the statute was preempted by FDA regulations and the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
Accumulation of technetium-99m glucarate: in vitro cell cultures and in vivo tumour models (2003)

99mTc-glucarate is an investigational radiopharmaceutical which has been shown to accumulate in acute cerebral and myocardial injuries and in some tumours. In the present work, a survey of possible factors affecting the cellular accumulation of 99mTc-glucarate was carried out in cell lines and strains in vitro and in murine tumours in vivo. Accumulation was enhanced under hypoxic conditions in 12 of the 16 human and murine cell lines and strains studied, and inhibited in the presence of nitroimidazoles. At temperatures lower than 37 degrees C, accumulation was reduced, but a hypoxic/aerobic differential was maintained. Aerobic accumulation of 99mTc-glucarate was enhanced by cyanide. In transplanted tumours in mice, 99mTc-glucarate showed high tumour/muscle and tumour/blood ratios at early times after injection. Pharmacological enhancement of the extent of hypoxia by the administration of hydralazine or nitro-L-arginine resulted in significantly increased accumulation of 99mTc-glucarate in the tumour. The in vitro and in vivo properties of 99mTc-glucarate suggest that it may be useful for tumour imaging in the clinic, although the exact mechanism(s) by which it localizes in tumours remains unknown.
Adaptive clutter filter design for micro-ultrasound color flow imaging of small blood vessels (2010)

In micro-ultrasound, which uses imaging frequencies above 20 MHz, obtaining color flow images (CFI) of small blood vessels using is not a trivial task because it is more challenging to suppress tissue clutter properly given the stronger blood signal power at high imaging frequencies and the slow blood velocity inside the microcirculation. To improve clutter suppression in micro-ultrasound CFI, this paper presents an adaptive clutter filtering approach that is based on a two-stage eigen-analysis of slow-time ensemble characteristics. The approach first identifies tissue pixels in the imaging view by examining whether high-frequency contents are absent in the principal slow-time eigen-components for each pixel as computed from single-ensemble eigen-decomposition. It then computes the filtered slow-time ensemble for each pixel by finding the least-squares projection residual between the pixel's slow-time ensemble and the clutter eigen-components estimated from a multi-ensemble eigen-decomposition of tissue slow-time ensembles within a spatial window. In this filtering approach, the clutter eigen-components are chosen based on whether their mean frequency lies within a spectral band. To analyze the efficacy of the proposed adaptive filter, both in-vitro experiments and Field II simulations were carried out. For the experiments, raw CFI data were acquired using a 64-element, 33 MHz linear array prototype (pulse duration: 2 cycles, PRF: 1 kHz, transmit focus: 8mm, F-number: 5). Their imaging view corresponded to the cross-section of a 0.9mm-diameter tube that was placed on top of an unsuspended table where ambient vibrations may appear; flow velocity (5, 7, 10, 15 mm/s) within the tube was controlled using a syringe pump. For the simulations, raw CFI data was computed for both plug and parabolic flow profiles, and tissue motion was modeled as 0.5 mm/s sinusoidal vibrations. For all flow velocities tested in our in-vitro study, the proposed adaptive filter improved the flow detection sensitivity as compared to existing ones. In the slow-flow case (5 mm/s), we observed over 70% increase in flow detection sensitivity (assuming a 5% false alarm rate). This effectively reduced flashing artifacts in the resulting CFIs and gave a more consistent visualization of the flow tube.
Keratinocyte growth factor phage model peptides can promote epidermal cell proliferation without tumorigenic effect. (2010)

Four phage model peptides isolated from the phage display 7-mer peptide library can safely promote epidermal cell proliferation without tumorigenic effect.
A Copper-responsive Transcription Factor, CRF1, Mediates Copper and Cadmium Resistance in Yarrowia lipolytica (2002)

The dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is more resistant to high copper concentrations than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This differential tolerance to copper ions has been observed in several strains arising from non-related isolates. To investigate the molecular basis of this resistance, we obtained several copper-sensitive mutants. By complementation of one of them, we isolated the YlCRF1 gene encoding for a copper-binding transcription factor of 411 amino acids homologous to ScAce1p, CgAmt1p, and ScMac1p. Naturally occurring copper-sensitive strains lack the CRF1 allele. The YlCRF1 transcript is not induced by the addition of copper to the medium. Gene disruption demonstrated that YlCRF1 is responsible for a 4- to 5-fold increase in Y. lipolytica copper tolerance. We further show that strain Deltacrf1 is more sensitive to cadmium but not to other metals. The role of YlCrf1p as a copper-sensitive transcription factor is supported by the finding that the protein is immunolocalized in the nucleus during growth in copper-supplemented but not in copper-free medium. However, in contrast to the S. cerevisiae strain mutated in the metallothionein transcription activator ACE1, Y. lipolytica strain Deltacrf1 is still able to increase metallothionein (MTP) mRNA levels in response to copper addition. CRF1 deletion does not affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity either. Our data suggest the existence of one or more different target genes for Crf1p, other than MTP or SOD1, and support its role as a novel copper-responsive transcription factor involved in metal detoxification.
Paraoxonases-2 and -3 Are Important Defense Enzymes against<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Virulence Factors due to Their Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties (2012)

The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes serious damage in immunocompromised patients by secretion of various virulence factors, among them the quorum sensing N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC12) and the redox-active pyocyanin (PCN). Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) may protect against P. aeruginosa infections, as it efficiently inactivates 3OC12 and diminishes PCN-induced oxidative stress. This defense could be circumvented because 3OC12 mediates intracellular Ca(2+)-rise in host cells, which causes rapid inactivation and degradation of PON2. Importantly, we recently found that the PON2 paralogue PON3 prevents mitochondrial radical formation. Here we investigated its role as additional potential defense mechanism against P. aeruginosa infections. Our studies demonstrate that PON3 diminished PCN-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, it showed clear anti-inflammatory potential by protecting against NF-κB activation and IL-8 release. The latter similarly applied to PON2. Furthermore, we observed a Ca(2+)-mediated inactivation and degradation of PON3, again in accordance with previous findings for PON2. Our results suggest that the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions of PON2 and PON3 are an important part of our innate defense system against P. aeruginosa infections. Furthermore, we conclude that P. aeruginosa circumvents PON3 protection by the same pathway as for PON2. This may help identifying underlying mechanisms in order to sustain the protection afforded by these enzymes.
Quadratic hyperpolarizabilities of fluorinated sulfonyl and carbonyl aromatics: optimization of nonlinearity and transparency trade-off (1990)

We present electric-field induced second-harmonic generation measurement results on the hyperpolarizabilities of donor-acceptor substituted aromatics. Those with strongly inductive accepting groups, such as the fluoromethyl carbonyl, perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonylsulfimide groups, afford favorable trade-off between quadratic optical nonlinearity and optical transparency. Their relatively large molecular dipole moment and hyperpolarizability products (4) as well as high transparency in the visible region suggest promising applications in the frequency conversion of short wavelength diode lasers. The inductive contribution is found to be short ranged, being most effective in the relatively compact benzene derivatives but less so in the extended stilbene structures. Dispersive enhancements of hyperpolarizabiities at 1064 and 810 nm are also reported.
Binding and Removal of Sulfate, Phosphate, Arsenate, Tetrachloromercurate, and Chromate in Aqueous Solution by Means of an Activated Carbon Functionalized with a Pyrimidine-Based Anion Receptor (HL). Crystal Structures of [H<sub>3</sub>L(HgCl<sub>4</sub>)]·H<sub>2</sub>O and [H<sub>3</sub>L(HgBr<sub>4</sub>)]·H<sub>2</sub>O Showing Anion−π Interactions (2010)

Binding of anions of great environmental concern such as SO(4)(2-), PO(4)(3-), AsO(4)(3-), HgCl(4)(2-), and CrO(4)(2-) by the protonated forms of a tren-like (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) ligand (HL) functionalized with a pyrimidine residue was studied by means of potentiometric measurements and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) affording log K, ΔH°, and TΔS° values for the formation of the relevant complexes. The complexes show high to very high stability due to the particular topology and electronic properties of the ligand which is able to use two separated coordination environments to host the anions, the protonated tren site where electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions are operating, and the pyrimidine ring which may act via anion-π interaction. A contribution of -8.9 ± 0.4 kJ/mol for pyrimidine-anion interaction in water was derived for SO(4)(2-) binding. The crystal structures of [H(3)L(HgCl(4))]·H(2)O (1), [H(3)L(HgBr(4))]·H(2)O (2), and that previously reported for [H(3)L(CdI(4))], clearly show these binding features in the solid state. A hybrid AC-HL material obtained by adsorption of HL on commercial activated carbon (AC) was used to study the removal of these anions from water. AC-HL shows enhanced adsorption capacity toward all the anions studied with respect to AC. This behavior is ascribed to the stronger interaction of anions with the HL function of AC-HL than with the Cπ-H(3)O(+) sites of the unfunctionalized AC.
Adaptive A/D Converter to Suppress CW Interference in DSPN Spread-Spectrum Communications (1983)

The non-Gaussian nature of CW interference is exploited to suppress the CW via the A/D converter following chip demodulation in a direct sequence pseudonoise (DSPN) communication link. The modulation is coherent BPSK. The A/D converter quantizes to 2 bits, sign and magnitude. A scheme of threshold adaptation and postquantization weighting gains great advantage from making very reliable decisions on a relatively small percentage of the demodulated chips. The bit error rate performance in CW interference generally surpasses that of an ideal analog DSPN correlator. The performance in Gaussian noise is within 0.6 dB of ideal analog.
Photobiomodulation with near infrared light mitigates Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology in cerebral cortex – evidence from two transgenic mouse models (2014)

Our results, in two transgenic mouse models, suggest that NIr may have potential as an effective, minimally-invasive intervention for mitigating, and even reversing, progressive cerebral degenerations.