gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urethral pressure variations in females with and without neurourological symptoms. (1988)

Simultaneous urethrocystometry was performed in 93 females without and 174 patients with neurourological symptoms. Both populations were divided into 3 age groups. The urethral pressure variation (delta MUP) was calculated as the difference between the highest (MUPH) and the lowest maximum urethral pressure (MUPL) observed during one minute. In all age groups, both the highest and the lowest maximum urethral pressure, were significantly higher in the normal females than in the patients during retrograde bladder filling. There was, however, no significant difference in the degree of the urethral pressure variation (delta MUP) between normal females and patients in the different age groups. Typical urethral pressure variation was also observed during physiological bladder filling. Thus, urethral pressure variation in itself is a physiological phenomenon. With less difference between the lowest maximum urethral pressure and the bladder pressure the possibility of leaking urine is increased. A urethral pressure decrease may therefore cause leakage in a patient, but not in a normal female. More than 50% of the normal females had a urethral pressure variation of more than 20 cm H2O. The previous definitions of urethral pressure variations (unstable urethral pressure, urethral instability) which describe the condition as pathologic when the pressure varies more than 10, 15 or 20 cm H2O can therefore not longer be considered useful.
Histologic, morphometric, and biochemical evolution of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. II. Modification of early changes by platelet inhibition with aspirin and dipyridamole. (1990)

The objective of this study was to determine the early influence of platelet inhibition on the histologic, morphometric, and biochemical evolution of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. Cephalic vein grafts were interposed bilaterally in the femoral arteries of 15 stump-tailed macaque monkeys fed a diet that sustains plasma cholesterol levels of approximately 225 mg/dl. All animals received in combination aspirin, 80 mg/day, and dipyridamole, 50 mg/day. Grafts were excised from five animals for analysis on each of postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. In animals subjected to platelet inhibition, cholesterol content in the graft was 170 +/- 52 micrograms/100 mg at 90 days, 205% of the level in ungrafted vein (p less than 0.01). This change was small in comparison with the increase to 686% of ungrafted vein observed in our study of control animals. In stepwise regression analysis, cholesterol content of grafts was best predicted by prevalence of foam cells (r2 = 0.82), and the proportion of intima as a fraction of total wall area was best predicted by the presence of macrophages (r2 = 0.69). Platelet inhibition did not decrease the extent of intimal hyperplasia. The prevalence of adherent platelets (r = -0.72) and the amount of fibrin (r = -0.78) correlated inversely with the amount of endothelium present during the first 14 days. The strength of these correlations declined with time, despite persistent lack of endothelium in some areas. Medial fibrosis occurred to the same extent as in control grafts, as did the early appearance of platelet factor VIII and fibronectin and the lack of vasa vasorum at 3 days followed by reappearance at 7 days. These data demonstrate that platelet inhibition dramatically reduces lipid uptake by grafts in the first 90 days but has less influence over histologic or morphometric changes.
Ferrites in Microwave Applications (1953)

Since Hogan's* exposition of the extreme usefulness of the microwave Faraday effect numerous other laboratories have begun investigating propagation through ferrites and have made significant contributions to the art. In view of the tremendous interest which is being accorded this work this paper has been prepared to summarize some of the observations and developments to date. The plane wave theory is reviewed briefly with special attention being given to the mechanisms by which power is absorbed by the ferrite. The plane wave theory is then modified to describe various waveguide effects. Finally experimental procedures and results are presented to illustrate the theory and to provide general information regarding the design of devices employing these effects.
A Dual‐Mode Molecular Switching Device: Bisphenolic Diarylethenes with Integrated Photochromic and Electrochromic Properties (1995)

Abstract The bisphenolic dithienylethene molecules 1a and 1b were synthesized in overall yields of 45% from 4‐bromoanisole and 44% from 2.6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐iodophenol, respectively. The corresponding extended quinones 3a and 3b were also prepared. Photochemical studies showed that compounds 1 are photochromic; the open forms 1 could be converted with UV light of 312nm to the closed coloured forms 2 with photostationary states lying at essentially complete conversion (> 98%). The 1a‐2a system was found to exhibit good resistance to photofatigue and thermal stability for both photoisomers. Cyclic voltammetry studies involving the 2/3 couples showed that whereas 2b undergoes irreversible oxidation at + 0.85 V (vs. SCE in THF), the hydroquinone 2a is reversibly oxidized at an E 1/2 of + 0.72V (in MeCN, quasi‐reversibly in THF at + 0.81 V); this reflects the differences in deprotonation behaviour of the generated QH 2/2+ species. The large difference in oxidation potential between 1a and 2a allows the photochemical switching of redox properties. In a complementary fashion, redox switching of the photochromic properties within the 2a‐3a pair is possible since 3a is stable to visible light. Owing to this unique behaviour, the triad consisting of 1‐3a represents a novel molecular device with mutually regulating photo‐ and electrochromic behaviour. In addition, the ability to interconvert between the three stable states makes the system well‐suited as the basis for an optical memory system with multiple storage and nondestructive readout capacity through a write‐lock‐read‐unlock‐erase cycle.
Predictors of response to anti-TNF-  therapy among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (2006)

These data support an improved outcome among patients receiving MTX in combination with anti-TNF-alpha therapies. However, the most disabled patients were less likely to respond, despite concurrent MTX. The benefits of NSAIDs may reflect the relative absence of comorbidities in patients who can tolerate these drugs or the continuing presence of reversible inflammatory symptoms. The association of smoking and poor outcome with INF is a novel finding and may reflect alterations in pharmacokinetics. The inability of other baseline disease characteristics to predict the outcome suggests that other factors, including potential genetic differences in drug metabolism, may be influencing the response to anti-TNF-alpha therapies.
Topical and oral agents for erectile dysfunction. (1999)

Innovative research in the past 2 decades has shown that the hemodynamics of penile erection involve arterial dilation, sinusoidal expansion, and venous compression. Relaxation of the intracorporeal smooth muscles (trabecular and arteriolar) seems to be the final common pathway that leads to the above events. Neuropharmacologic studies have also established nitric oxide as the principal neurotransmitter for penile erection and confirmed the importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate systems in penile smooth muscle relaxation. Recent years have also witnessed dramatic changes in the therapy of erectile dysfunction. The penile prosthesis, a gold standard of therapy of the 1970s, was replaced in the 1980s by the intracavernous injection and the vacuum constriction device. In the 1990s, two revolutionary concepts in erectile dysfunction therapy were added: transurethral alprostadil and oral sildenafil. However, the tremendous publicity surrounding the recent introduction of sildenafil has also created socioeconomic and ethical dilemmas, especially with regard to insurance coverage and government regulation. Medically, many problems also surfaced when large numbers of erectile dysfunction patients overwhelmed primary care physicians who were unfamiliar with the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. This article reviews the advances in penile physiology and the clinical usefulness of topical and oral agents. In addition, a patients' goal-directed approach to the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction is presented.
A Proposal of Obstacle Detection Technology Using the View-Aid System (2009)

We have been developing a portable system that low vision people can verify life environment without other people's supports. We call this system view-aid. Viewaid takes a picture with small, wireless CMOS camera when low-vision people want to verify life environment. Images taken with this camera are transmitted to the PDA with the analogue signal of 1.2 GHz band. It is received by the receiver, and the analogue signal is converted into digital signal and it sends to the PDA with USB connection. We are developing the system that supports walking outdoor safely for low-vision people who have the visual-field-constriction using view-aid. This system combines the still image processing and the video image processing to pictures taken by the camera. And it informs the user of detected obstacle.
[Construction of integrative vector for xylulokinase gene and its overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. (2010)

An integrative vector of industry strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae is successfully constructed and xylulokinase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae itself was over expressed by this vector. This intergrative vector can efficiently raise the xylulokinase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This system laid a foundation for the construction of gene engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain which can ferment xylose to ethanol.
Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix in healthy female volunteers (1998)

The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix is in advanced clinical development for the control of endogenous gonadotrophin secretion during the course of a fertility programme. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Cetrorelix following single and multiple s.c. administration of different doses. Thirty-six healthy female volunteers received either 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00 mg Cetrorelix, in a first menstrual cycle as single dose and in a second cycle as multiple dose (daily between cycle days 3 and 16). Frequent blood samples were collected for determination of Cetrorelix, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. Follicular growth was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography. After single administration of each dose, maximum Cetrorelix concentrations (Cmax) were reached after 1 h, and Cmax and area under curve (AUC) increased linearly with the dose. The median terminal half-life ranged from 5 to 10 h in the three different dose groups. FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were suppressed, with a nadir at 6-12 h after Cetrorelix administration. During multiple administration, Cmax and AUC also showed dose-linearity. The median terminal half-life of Cetrorelix varied between 20 and 80 h. A dose-dependent suppression of FSH, LH and oestradiol concentrations was observed during treatment. After multiple administration, ovulation was delayed for 5, 10 and 13 days in the 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg dose groups, respectively. In conclusion, Cetrorelix showed linear pharmacokinetics, and effectively delayed the LH surge.
The Rose model, revisited (1999)

In 1946 and 1948, three very important papers by Albert Rose [J. Soc. Motion Pict. Eng. 47, 273 (1946); J. Opt. Soc. Am. 38, 196 (1948); L. Marton, ed. (Academic, New York, 1948)] were published on the role that photon fluctuations have in setting fundamental performance limits for both human vision and electronic imaging systems. The papers were important because Rose demonstrated that the performance of imaging devices can be evaluated with an absolute scale (quantum efficiency). The analysis of human visual signal detection used in these papers (developed before the formal theory of signal detectability) was based on an approach that has come to be known as the Rose model. In spite of its simplicity, the Rose model is a very good approximation of a Bayesian ideal observer for the carefully and narrowly defined conditions that Rose considered. This simple model can be used effectively for back-of-the-envelope calculations, but it needs to be used with care because of its limited range of validity. One important conclusion arising from Rose's investigations is that pixel signal-to-noise ratio is not a good figure of merit for imaging systems or components, even though it is still occasionally used as such by some researchers. In the present study, (1) aspects of signal detection theory are presented, (2) Rose's model is described and discussed, (3) pixel signal-to-noise ratio is discussed, and (4) progress on modeling human noise-limited performance is summarized. This study is intended to be a tutorial with presentation of the main ideas and provision of references to the (dispersed) technical literature.
Human Gait Recognition Using Patch Distribution Feature and Locality-Constrained Group Sparse Representation (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new patch distribution feature (PDF) (i.e., referred to as Gabor-PDF) for human gait recognition. We represent each gait energy image (GEI) as a set of local augmented Gabor features, which concatenate the Gabor features extracted from different scales and different orientations together with the X-Y coordinates. We learn a global Gaussian mixture model (GMM) (i.e., referred to as the universal background model) with the local augmented Gabor features from all the gallery GEIs; then, each gallery or probe GEI is further expressed as the normalized parameters of an image-specific GMM adapted from the global GMM. Observing that one video is naturally represented as a group of GEIs, we also propose a new classification method called locality-constrained group sparse representation (LGSR) to classify each probe video by minimizing the weighted l(1, 2) mixed-norm-regularized reconstruction error with respect to the gallery videos. In contrast to the standard group sparse representation method that is a special case of LGSR, the group sparsity and local smooth sparsity constraints are both enforced in LGSR. Our comprehensive experiments on the benchmark USF HumanID database demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed feature Gabor-PDF and the new classification method LGSR for human gait recognition. Moreover, LGSR using the new feature Gabor-PDF achieves the best average Rank-1 and Rank-5 recognition rates on this database among all gait recognition algorithms proposed to date.
A Morphological-Based License Plate Location (2007)

License plate location is an important phase in vehicle license plate recognition for intelligent transport systems. This paper presents a robust and real time method of license plate location. The proposed algorithm consists of some stages. In the first stage, we extract vertical edges of the input image using Sobel mask. In the next stage, histogram analysis is used for finding the candidate regions of license plate. Candidate regions are also verified by defined compact factor. In the last stage, we locate the license plate exactly with some morphological operators. Experiments have been conducted for this algorithm. 400 images taken from various scenes were employed, including diverse angles, different lightening conditions. The algorithm can quickly and correctly detect the region of license plate. The license plate detecting rate of success is 83.50%.
Direct activation: A concept to encourage tailoring activities (2001)

The design of the user interface plays a major role in encouraging users to tailor an application. This paper focuses on a particular design issue. The question is how to support users in finding those functions which allow tailoring of an application. An empirical investigation shows that this is a major problem when users try to tailor applications. In order to tackle this problem the concept of direct activation is developed, which simplifies the finding of a tailoring function at the moment a tailorable function needs to be modified. To evaluate the effectiveness of the concept of direct activation in supporting tailoring activities, the concept has been implemented and an evaluation study carried out. The results of this study support the assumption that direct activation eases tailoring activities. Finally, the potentials and limitations of this concept are discussed.
An interference cancelling multichannel matched filter (2002)

We consider mobile radio communications with one user of interest and possibly interfering users and noise, over several discrete-time channels obtained either by oversampling or from multiple antennas. The optimal receiver structure for one signal of interest plus spatially and temporally correlated noise is MLSE equalization with an appropriately weighted metric for vector signals. We show however that we can alternatively pass the vector received signal through both a MISO (multi-input single output) matched filter and a MIMO blocking equalizer. The blocking equalizer output is independent of the signal of interest and is used as the input to a MISO Wiener filter that reduces the noise in the matched filter output. The resulting structure is called the interference cancelling matched filter (ICMF). The training sequence of the signal of interest can be used to estimate the corresponding channel, from which matched filter and blocking equalizer can be determined. The remaining quantities can be adapted from the available signals. The performance of the ICMF is analyzed in a number of scenarios. The extension to the case of noncircular noise and interference is developed and is shown to be particularly of interest, in the case of 1D constellations.
Combination of all-trans retinoic acid with butyric acid and its prodrugs markedly enhancing differentiation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells. (1999)

To use NB4, an authentic human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, as well as the marrow cells from patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), containing the PML/RAR alpha fusion gene and fused protein to examine the growth inhibition and cytodifferentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), butyric acid (BA) and its prodrug tributyrin (TB) either as a single agent or in combinations.NB4 and APL cells were cultured in presence of ATRA, BA and TB respectively either as a single agent or in combinations at various concentration ratio. Cell growth was measured and myeloid differentiation was determined by morphology and the percentage of positive nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) on consecutive days over the whole process of culture.NB4 cells can be induced by ATRA alone and synergistically induced by the combinations of BA or TB with ATRA to differentiate. The synergy was reflected by a remarkable decrease in the effective concentration of ATRA required in the combinations in comparison with it as a sole agent. The combinations also shortened the time for the cells to reach the same level of maturation as that needed for ATRA alone. The potentiation on ATRA-induced differentiation of NB4 cells seemed depending on an appropriate concentration ratio of each inducer in the combinations and the time of action. A preliminary result of in vitro induction of primarily cultured leukemic cells from APL patients by the combined inducers was promising.The combinations of ATRA with BA or TB at an appropriate ratio may improve the clinical outcome of differentiation therapy for APL patients.
Cellulose microfibrils, cell motility, and plasma membrane protein organization change in parallel during culmination in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1996)

Prestalk cells of Dictyostelium discoideum contribute cellulose to two distinct structures, the stalk tube and the stalk cell wall, during culmination. This paper demonstrates by freeze fracture electron microscopy that two distinct types of intramembrane particle aggregates, which can be characterized as cellulose microfibril terminal complexes, occur in the plasma membranes of cells synthesizing these different forms of cellulose. The same terminal complexes were observed in situ in developing culminants and in vitro in monolayer cells induced to synthesize the two types of cellulose. We propose that cessation of cell motility is associated with a change in packing and intramembrane mobility of the particle aggregates, which cause a change in the nature of the cellulose synthesized. The terminal complexes are compared to those described in other organisms and related to the previous hypothesis of two modes of cellulose synthesis in Dictyostelium.
INS/GPS navigation systems for land applications (2002)

Kearfott has developed a family of ring laser gyroscope (RLG) angular displacement and linear acceleration sensors which have been integrated with GPS in various configurations to address the operational requirements and cost of ownership constraints for tactical applications. This paper discusses the considerations in developing a military land navigation system which meets the rigid performance criteria and makes uses of products that are in production to minimize overall development costs. Implementing these design guidelines, including modular architecture for improved maintainability, balancing the reliance on GPS with the inclusion of inertial quality sensors, and the operational advantages of the more robust system is explained. Kearfott's miniature integrated land navigation system (MILNAV) is described with respect to multi-use development. Specific focus highlights the modular nature of Kearfott's MILNAV product family and its ability to provide optimal land navigation and/or weapon pointing information in tactical scenarios. Test results for both self-propelled and towed Howitzers, mobile mortars and other land vehicles are used to demonstrate the pros and cons of the INS/GPS blending for land applications.
The Phenolics of Ciders: Effect of processing conditions (1978)

Abstract Factors affecting yields of phenolics during cider processing have been studied, and levels of individual procyanidins measured under different conditions. Oxidation after juice extraction is shown to be less important than that which occurs during the milling process as the tissue is disrupted. Extraction by means of pectolytic enzymes under sulphited conditions gives valuable increases in juice yield without any loss of phenolics. Warm anaerobic incubation of apple pulp before juice extraction increases the level of organoleptically significant procyanidins by 50%, and use of a sugar‐beet extractor provides even greater increases. The corresponding increases in bitterness and astringency are highly significant. Gelatin fining of cider, by contrast, leads to the loss of up to 20% of the organoleptically significant procyanidins. These results are important in the context of modern cider manufacture and the continuing shortage of bittersweet cider apples.
Antibody response to bacterial antigens covalently bound to biodegradable polymerized serum albumin beads (1987)

Model vaccines have been made by covalently linking Clostridium botulinum type D toxin and Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide antigen to polymerized rabbit serum albumin beads. When injected into rabbits these bead vaccines induced an enhanced production of specific humoral antibody without causing adverse reactions. The adjuvant effect is due to a slow release from the bead structure and offers an alternative to oil emulsions and mineral salt adsorbents.