gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method to generate a road network from road margins data (1994)

The road network analysis is one of important themes of geographic information processing and has been studied profoundly. In respect of large scaled road networks, i.e. the ones including alleys where cats roam, however, studies have just begun. It is halfly due to lack of structurized data of such large scaled networks. Recently digital geographic data have been produced and commerced for multi users. But in almost all the cases, road data are made as road margins, not as structurized networks. This study develops a method to transform such margins into networks and shows its feasibility with regard to "Numeric Map 10, 000" by GEO-GRAPHICAL SURVEY.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors, GPR40 and GPR120, are expressed in the hypothalamus and control energy homeostasis and inflammation (2017)

The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. GPR120 and GPR40 are polyunsaturated fatty acid receptors that exert a number of systemic effects that are beneficial for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Here, we evaluate the expression and potential role of hypothalamic GPR120 and GPR40 as targets for the treatment of obesity. Male Swiss (6-weeks old), were fed with a high fat diet (HFD, 60% of kcal from fat) for 4 weeks. Next, mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to place an indwelling cannula into the right lateral ventricle. intracerebroventricular (icv)-cannulated mice were treated twice a day for 6 days with 2.0 μL saline or GPR40 and GPR120 agonists: GW9508, TUG1197, or TUG905 (2.0 μL, 1.0 mM). Food intake and body mass were measured during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the hypothalamus was collected for real-time PCR analysis. We show that both receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus; GPR120 is primarily present in microglia, whereas GPR40 is expressed in neurons. Upon intracerebroventricular treatment, GW9508, a non-specific agonist for both receptors, reduced energy efficiency and the expression of inflammatory genes in the hypothalamus. Reducing GPR120 hypothalamic expression using a lentivirus-based approach resulted in the loss of the anti-inflammatory effect of GW9508 and increased energy efficiency. Intracerebroventricular treatment with the GPR120- and GPR40-specific agonists TUG1197 and TUG905, respectively, resulted in milder effects than those produced by GW9508. GPR120 and GPR40 act in concert in the hypothalamus to reduce energy efficiency and regulate the inflammation associated with obesity. The combined activation of both receptors in the hypothalamus results in better metabolic outcomes than the isolated activation of either receptor alone.
Automatic parallelization of programming languages (2010)

Automatic parallelization of modern object-oriented languages, like Java, C#, Python or JavaScript, is considered to be a grand challenge. But what is the challenge exactly? Let us simplify the discussion by focusing on loop parallelization only. As usual loop parallelization requires answering two questions: (1) is it worthwhile to parallelize a loop? (2) is it safe to parallelize a loop?
Recombinant hirudin for unstable angina pectoris. A multicenter, randomized angiographic trial. (1994)

Recombinant hirudin appears to be a promising antithrombotic intervention compared with heparin for inhibition of coronary artery thrombus. Large-scale comparative trials are warranted.
The HIV Protease Inhibitors Nelfinavir and Saquinavir, but Not a Variety of HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Adversely Affect Human Proteasome Function (2005)

Proteasomes are targeted by the two PIs but not the RTIs. Therefore, in HIV-infected patients the beneficial effect of a therapy including one of the two PIs should partly rely on inhibition of host proteasome function.
Aberrant nuclear factor-kappa B activity in acute myeloid Leukemia: from molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic target (2015)

The overall survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been improved significantly over the last decade. Molecularly targeted agents hold promise to change the therapeutic landscape in AML. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) controls a plethora of biological process through switching on and off its long list of target genes. In AML, constitutive NF-κB has been detected in 40% of cases and its aberrant activity enable leukemia cells to evade apoptosis and stimulate proliferation. These facts suggest that NF-κB signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the development of AML and it represents an attractive target for the intervention of AML. This review summarizes our current knowledge of NF-κB signaling transduction including canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Then we specifically highlight what factors contribute to the aberrant activation of NF-κB activity in AML, followed by an overview of 8 important clinical trials of the first FDA approved proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib (Velcade), which is a NF-κB inhibitor too, in combination with other therapeutic agents in patients with AML. Finally, this review discusses the future directions of NF-κB inhibitor in treatment of AML, especially in targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs).
Molecular basis of inherited neuropathies (1999)

Considerable advances in our knowledge of the most frequently encountered group of inherited neuropathies, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neurpathy (CMT) and related disorders, have recently been made by genetic studies demonstrating that these disorders are caused by duplication, deletion or point mutations of specific genes of the peripheral myelin. The present classification of CMT and related disorders is based on a combination of clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic findings, and new genes and distinct mutations responsible for different clinical phenotypes are continuously being added. The genes that encode peripheral myelin protein of 22 kDa, protein zero, connexin-32 and early growth response-2 are the genes known to be involved in the pathogenesis of inherited neuropathies. Overexpression or underexpression of peripheral myelin protein of 22 kDa are causative for the most frequent forms of CMT-CMT1A and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies--but the mechanisms that lead to incorrect myelin formation and maintenance are still unknown. Point mutations in the myelin genes can determine a loss of function, but in some cases an aberrant protein can act through a dominant negative or a toxic gain of function mechanism, disrupting the regular and precise relationship between the different myelin genes. Animal and in-vitro models of inherited neuropathies have been developed and will probably give the information that is necessary to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of demyelination.
477. Carcinogenic nitrogen compounds. Part XLIV. Naphtho-and phenanthro-carbazoles (1965)

N. P. Buu-Hoï and G. Saint-Ruf, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 2642 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650002642
Antisera Against the Indolealkylamines: Tryptophan, 5‐Hydroxytryptophan, 5‐Hydroxytryptamine, 5‐Methoxytryptophan, and 5‐Methoxytryptamine Tested by an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method (1985)

Antisera were raised against tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophan, and 5-methoxytryptamine, by conjugating each molecule to bovine serum albumin and to human serum albumin via glutaraldehyde, in such a way as to preserve the original part. Antibody specificity was tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The specificity of each anti-indolealkylamine-glutaraldehyde antibody was established with competition experiments by using an adsorbed immunogenic conjugate and indolealkylamines either free or conjugated with poly-L-lysine. The nonconjugated compounds were poorly recognized. In the same way, the nonreduced conjugates always appeared less immunoreactive than the reduced ones. Calculated from the specificity study of each antiserum, the cross-reactivity ratios were found to be smallest for the most immunoreactive conjugates. Thus, a specific immune response was defined for each compound belonging to the same metabolic pathway.
Loss Functions for Binary Class Probability Estimation and Classification: Structure and Applications (2005)

What are the natural loss functions or fitting criteria for binary class probability estimation? This question has a simple answer: so-called “proper scoring rules”, that is, functions that score probability estimates in view of data in a Fisher-consistent manner. Proper scoring rules comprise most loss functions currently in use: log-loss, squared error loss, boosting loss, and as limiting cases cost-weighted misclassification losses. Proper scoring rules have a rich structure: • Every proper scoring rules is a mixture (limit of sums) of cost-weighted misclassification losses. The mixture is specified by a weight function (or measure) that describes which misclassification cost weights are most emphasized by the proper scoring rule. • Proper scoring rules permit Fisher scoring and Iteratively Reweighted LS algorithms for model fitting. The weights are derived from a link function and the above weight function. • Proper scoring rules are in a 1-1 correspondence with information measures for tree-based classification. • Proper scoring rules are also in a 1-1 correspondence with Bregman distances that can be used to derive general approximation bounds for cost-weighted misclassification errors, as well as generalized bias-variance decompositions. We illustrate the use of proper scoring rules with novel criteria for 1) Hand and Vinciotti’s (2003) localized logistic regression and 2) for interpretable classification trees. We will also discuss connections with exponential loss used in boosting.
A Frequency Reconfigurable Stacked Patch Microstrip Antenna (FRSPMA) with aperture coupler technique (2012)

This paper presents a novel design of a Frequency Reconfigurable Stacked Patch Microstrip Antenna (FRSPMA) by using an aperture coupler as the feeding technique and stacked technology. The proposed antenna was capable to accommodate at S/X band separately by using the same antenna. Two patches at different substrate are activated sequentially by changing the switch mode at the feedline to achieve frequency reconfigurability. Both patches and feedline are electromagnetically coupled through two small electrical apertures in the ground plane. The design was simulated using CST Microwave Studio at operating 2 GHz to 8 GHz. The effect of aperture slots and the switch configuration either at ON or OFF state were studied. The simulation and measured results were analyzed and discussed of return loss, gain, bandwidth and radiation pattern.
mlrMBO: A Modular Framework for Model-Based Optimization of Expensive Black-Box Functions (2017)

We present mlrMBO, a flexible and comprehensive R toolbox for model-based optimization (MBO), also known as Bayesian optimization, which addresses the problem of expensive black-box optimization by approximating the given objective function through a surrogate regression model. It is designed for both single- and multi-objective optimization with mixed continuous, categorical and conditional parameters. Additional features include multi-point batch proposal, parallelization, visualization, logging and error-handling. mlrMBO is implemented in a modular fashion, such that single components can be easily replaced or adapted by the user for specific use cases, e.g., any regression learner from the mlr toolbox for machine learning can be used, and infill criteria and infill optimizers are easily exchangeable. We empirically demonstrate that mlrMBO provides state-of-the-art performance by comparing it on different benchmark scenarios against a wide range of other optimizers, including DiceOptim, rBayesianOptimization, SPOT, SMAC, Spearmint, and Hyperopt.
Suprofen, a potent antagonist of acetic acid-induced writhing in rats. (1975)

A new standardized acetic acid-induced writhing test in rats is described in detail and its methodology is discussed briefly. The described method has proved to be useful for evaluating the anti-writhing activity of narcotic analgesics, non-narcotic anti-inflammatory compounds and narcotic-antagonists with analgesic activity. A direct quantitative comparison of anti-writhing activity was made between orally administered acetyl-salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, indometacin, tolmetin, ketoprofen and alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)benzeneacetic acid (suprofen) in a specially designed experiment. Among the known non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds suprofen appeared to be the most potent antagonist of acetic acid-induced writhing in rats, about 200 to 300 times as potent as acetyl-salicylic acid and phenylbutazone, 15 to 30 times as potent as indometacin and tolmetin, and about 6 times as potent as ketoprofen.
Redundant roles of<i>Sox17</i>and<i>Sox18</i>in postnatal angiogenesis in mice (2006)

Sox7, Sox17 and Sox18 constitute group F of the Sox family of HMG box transcription factor genes. Dominant-negative mutations in Sox18 underlie the cardiovascular defects observed in ragged mutant mice. By contrast, Sox18(-/-) mice are viable and fertile, and display no appreciable anomaly in their vasculature, suggesting functional compensation by the two other SoxF genes. Here, we provide direct evidence for redundant function of Sox17 and Sox18 in postnatal neovascularization by generating Sox17(+/-) -Sox18(-/-) double mutant mice. Whereas Sox18(-/-) and Sox17(+/-) -Sox18(+/-) mice showed no vascular defects, approximately half of the Sox17(+/-) -Sox18(-/-) pups died before postnatal day 21 (P21). They showed reduced neovascularization in the liver sinusoids and kidney outer medulla vasa recta at P7, which most likely caused the ischemic necrosis observed by P14 in hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelia. Those that survived to adulthood showed similar, but milder, vascular anomalies in both liver and kidney, and females were infertile with varying degrees of vascular abnormalities in the reproductive organs. These anomalies corresponded with sites of expression of Sox7 and Sox17 in the developing postnatal vasculature. In vitro angiogenesis assays, using primary endothelial cells isolated from the P7 livers, showed that the Sox17(+/-) -Sox18(-/-) endothelial cells were defective in endothelial sprouting and remodeling of the vasculature in a phenotype-dependent manner. Therefore, our findings indicate that Sox17 and Sox18, and possibly all three SoxF genes, are cooperatively involved in mammalian vascular development.
Identification of an enhancer involved in the melanoma-specific expression of the tumor antigen melanotransferrin gene (1992)

Melanotransferrin (MTf) is a tumor associated antigen found in abundance on the surface of melanoma cells. It is a transferrin-like protein found in low amount in most adult tissues and whose gene is reminiscent of house-keeping genes. With the goal of understanding the regulatory mechanisms which might explain the enhancement of expression in tumor cells, we report here the characterization of a regulatory element located 2 kbp upstream from the promoter and whose deletion specifically impairs gene expression in melanoma cells; we show that this element is part of an enhancer composed of two modules which are each the target for the AP1 transcription factor. The two modules present a synergistic mode of action specific for melanoma cells which requires both of the 130 bp away AP1 sites. Furthermore, we show that the enhancer behaves differently according to the promoter context.
Activity of a novel combination against multidrug-resistant nonfermenters: ceftazidime plus NXL104 (2011)

Evaluation of: Mushtaq S, Warner M, Livermore DM. In vitro activity of ceftazidime+NXL104 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenters. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 65, 2376–2381 (2010).AmpC overexpression appears to be a significant mechanism of β-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermenter Gram-negatives. The article under review describes the in vitro activity of a novel combination ceftazidime plus NXL104, against ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex and OXA carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii. The study results show that NXL104 overcomes the ceftazidime resistance engendered by AmpC enzymes, even when these are completely derepressed. NXL104 has shown good activity against ESBL PER-1 in P. aeruginosa, as well as against most of the B. cepacia complex isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. Nevertheless, NXL104 does not inhibit metallo-carbapenemases, which were excluded from this investigation, nor does it reverse resistance associated with oxacillin-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases in P. aeruginosa or with oxacillin-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. In the worldwide context of high rates of bacterial resistance, the combination of NXL104 with ceftazidime could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to treat infections due to AmpC-mediated resistance in P. aeruginosa, among other multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Ancestral Roles of Small RNAs: An Ago-Centric Perspective (2010)

RNAi has existed at least since the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This collection of pathways responds to a diversity of "abberant" RNAs and generally silences or eliminates genes sharing sequence content with the silencing trigger. In the canonical pathway, double-stranded RNAs are processed into small RNAs, which guide effector complexes to their targets by complementary base pairing. Many alternative routes from silencing trigger to small RNA are continuously being uncovered. Though the triggers of the pathway and the mechanisms of small RNA production are many, all RNAi-related mechanisms share Argonaute proteins as the heart of their effector complexes. These can act as self-contained silencing machines, binding directly to small RNAs, carrying out homology-based target recognition, and in some cases cleaving targets using an endogenous nuclease domain. Here, we discuss the diversity of Argonaute proteins from a structural and functional perspective.
抗生素FR-008 基因簇上游区域的DNA 序列分析 (2005)

+$,-#'.#$&'(/,".0-1%"'"+2((((34456789(((:8;<((((=4=>=45 ?!" <9#7@AB $% CDE&,'<9F-10%G1,HGI.#J0K#J-
Mapping the turkey erythrocyte .beta.-receptor: a distance geometry approach (1986)

Extensions and refinements of the receptor mapping method as originally developed by Crippen are presented. In a set of newly developed algorithms measures are taken to reduce the number of required energy parameters to a statistically acceptable degree. The most important measure is the incorporation of lipophilicity as a hydrophobic bonding parameter to describe the binding of parts of the ligands to lipophilic areas on the receptor. In order to test the applicability of our set of programs, we mapped the turkey erythrocyte beta receptor using a data set of Bilezikian. It was found that the experimentally determined free energies of binding can be reasonably described using a nine-point geometrical representation of the receptor site and only six energy parameters. The deduced model predicts that the phenyl rings of phenylethanolamines and phenoxypropanolamines occupy different parts of the receptor site.
High-Solids Synthetic Latex Directly from Reactor (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Solids Synthetic Latex Directly from ReactorF. D. Chittenden, C. D. McCleary, and H. S. SmithCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 2, 337–339Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50458a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50458a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Perovskite Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media (2017)

Oxygen reduction is considered a key reaction for electrochemical energy conversion but slow kinetics hamper application in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In this review, the prospect of perovskite oxides for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media is reviewed with respect to fundamental insight into activity and possible mechanisms. For gaining these insights, special emphasis is placed on highly crystalline perovskite films that have only recently become available for electrochemical interrogation. The prospects for applications are evaluated based on recent progress in the synthesis of perovskite nanoparticles. The review concludes with the current understanding of oxygen reduction on perovskite oxides and a perspective on opportunities for future fundamental and applied research.
Actor Based Business Process Modeling and Execution: A Reference Implementation Based on Ontology Models and Microservices (2017)

In this work, we present a proposal for a reference architecture for the modeling and execution of business processes. We define business processes following the subject-oriented business process management (S-BPM) methodology, which recently has been amalgamated in a Web Ontology Language (OWL) definition. Consequently, all created process definitions are serialized as OWL files. The S-BPM approach understands business processes as a network of distributed and independent actors (human or machine) which interact via the exchange of messages. The proposed architecture is therefore designed as a collection of microservices. All concepts have been realized as a prototypical software application (modeling and execution of business processes) for reference and further research. It is proved that the generated OWL business process models can be executed on the developed workflow engine.
Iridium-catalyzed <i>ortho</i>-C–H Borylation of Aryl Ketones with Bis(pinacolato)diboron (2011)

Abstract ortho-Selective C–H borylation of aryl ketones with bis(pinacolato)diboron proceeded at 120 °C in octane in the presence of a catalytic amount of iridium(I) complexes comprising 1/2[Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 and AsPh3.