gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenyl vs. Methyl Migration Aptitudes in Some Carbonium Ion Reactions of Neophyl Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenyl vs. Methyl Migration Aptitudes in Some Carbonium Ion Reactions of Neophyl Derivatives1William H. Saunders Jr. and Robert H. PaineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 4, 882–885Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01465a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01465a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on the Filter Structure of SiC-DPF with Gas Permeability for Emission Control (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The pore structure of DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) is one of the key factors in contributing the fuel consumption and the emission control performance of a vehicle. The pressure loss of mini samples (1 in. in diameter, 2 in. in length) with various pore structures was measured at relatively low filtration velocity (&lt; 5 cm/sec). Then the obtained data were evaluated by using an index of “permeability”. As a result, among the parameters which characterize the pore structure, it was found that the size of the pore diameter and the sharpness of pore distribution were the most contributing factors in reducing pressure loss which in turn is related to the fuel consumption performance when the cell structure was fixed. On the other hand, it was found that the gas permeability was not affected significantly by any parameter when the catalyst was coated because the coating caused a broadening of the pore distribution. In addition, it was found that any parameter prior to the catalyst coating did not have a real impact on the gas purification efficiency. It is considered that the catalyst coating should be selectively applied to pores to sharpen the pore distribution for decreasing the pressure loss and increasing the emission control performance after coating the catalyst.</div>
Recommended Standards For Digital Tape Formats (1972)

Abstract This paper is the result of work done by a subcommittee of the SEG Committee on Digital Recording Standards. It recommends an additional tape format for 9-track field recording of seismic data and an optional use of 1600 bpi, as well as 800 bpi, for all field formats.
Tolerance of Cotton to the Herbicide Glyphosate<sup>1</sup> (1979)

Abstract An increasing group of weed pests in U.S. cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) are the perennial grasses which can be controlled with glyphosate [ N ‐phosphonomethyl) glycine], but cotton is also sensitive to this herbicide. Field studies were initiated to determine if certain cotton genotypes could be selected with sufficient tolerance to glyphosate to allow its use in a cotton‐weed control program. In 1974,405 genotypes were evaluated for tolerance to glyphosate at rates of 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 kg/ha applied as an over‐the‐top treatment in the early bloom stage. In 1975, 24 genotypes selected from 1974 studies were screened at rates of 0.56 and 0.84 kg/ha of glyphosate ap lied over‐the‐top of cotton plants. Six genotypes selected from previous studies were evaluated with glyphosate applied over‐the‐top or directed under cotton plants 50 to 62 cm in height in the very early square stage. Glyphosate toxicity varied with cotton genotypes and increased with increasing rates. In 1976 and 1977, all genotypes that received an over‐the‐top treatment of glyphosate yielded significantly less seed cotton than the untreated checks. Glyphosate applied as a directed post‐emergence treatment did not cause significant injury symptoms in treated cotton, however, none of the treated genotypes produced seed cotton yields equal to their untreated controls. Cotton injury was only 10% or less when the herbicide was directed to the base of the plants as compared with 65 to 80%, injury when the herbicide was applied over‐the‐top. Two genotypes (DES 04‐11 and DES 04‐606) yielded over 100% of their untreated controls when one or two separate applications of 0.56 kg/ha of glyphosate was directed to the base of the cotton plants in 1977. The increase in yield of these two genotypes was not significant, but indicated a level of glyphosate tolerance which could be used in the development of commercial cultivars possessing enough tolerance to glyphosate to allow its use for perennial weed control in cotton.
Type of Electrode Insertion and Hearing Preservation Outcomes (2011)

Objective Assess the levels of hearing preservation during cochlear implant surgery by comparing different electrode insertion techniques (standard cochleostomy, soft surgery, round window). Method Retrospective chart review looking at levels of hearing preservation after cochlear implantation in children and adults, using different electrode insertion techniques (N = 144 ears from 32 patients). Pre‐ and postoperative pure tone thresholds at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz frequencies were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric method (Kruskal Wallis test). Results One hundred and four (72%) procedures were performed using standard cochleostomy, 25 (17 %) procedures were performed using soft surgery, and 15 (11 %) procedures were performed using round window insertion. Postoperative hearing thresholds were used as the main outcome measure. In all groups, residual hearing was preserved in different degrees (total: 30 %, moderate: 27 %, marginal: 37 %, none: 6 %). Statistically significant differences were encountered between the 3 groups. Soft surgery technique and round window insertion had better hearing preservation results compared to standard cochleostomy ( P <. 008 and P <. 009, respectively). No difference between round window and soft surgery techniques was encountered ( P =. 07). Conclusion Although cochlear implants are a revolutionary technology, they carry the risk of destroying residual hearing. Our study demonstrates that the use of soft surgery or round window techniques warrants better residual hearing when compared to standard cochleostomy.
Orientation relationships of epitaxial oxide buffer layers on silicon (100) for high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> films (1992)

The preparation parameters of epitaxially grown buffer layers on silicon (100) wafers were investigated. We found that an in situ removal of the native amorphous SiO2 layer from the Si surface is possible, avoiding the etching of the wafer prior to the deposition. YSZ and Y2O3 were chosen as buffer layers for subsequent YBa2Cu3O7−x thin-film deposition. The orientation of the thin films during the deposition process was analyzed by RHEED. Different orientations on the substrates are obtained depending on the evaporation parameters. TEM studies of the interfaces, x-ray diffraction analysis, and measurements of the superconducting properties were made after the deposition of the films.
Frequency-Domain Characterization of GPS Multipath for Estimation and Mitigation (2005)

GPS multipath mitigation has been treated predominantly in the time domain for most GPS receivers. This paper presents a frequency-domain approach to reduce GPS multipath errors through direct manipulation of signal, replica, and correlation spectra. This approach is particularly suitable for a frequency-domain software GPS receiver where the signal and correlation spectra are available as a by-product of the FFT-implemented correlation process. The concept of a GPS signal channel transfer function is introduced. The time-domain superposition of multipath signals (i.e., the convolution of direct signal with the multipath channel impulse response) is equivalent to the frequency-domain multiplication of the direct signal spectrum and the multipath channel transfer function. It thus transforms a nonlinear functional operation to a linear parametric operation. The latter is relatively easy to work with. As a sum of complex exponentials, multipath estimation thus becomes determination of distinct “tones” from the noisy channel transfer function. The paper investigates such methods as frequency domain least square fitting, direct implementation of IFFT (impulse response), cepstral analysis, linear prediction methods, and subspace estimation to estimate the harmonic components. Additionally, the frequency-domain modeling of multipath in terms of channel transfer function affords alternative explanation of the effects of prefiltering bandwidth on multipath estimation and mitigation. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the concept and substantiate the findings.
Xenia and Maternal Effects on Maize Kernel Development (1995)

Maize ( Zea mays L.) kernel mass is a primary grain yield component controlled by genes from both the pollen and the maternal plant. We studied the contribution of genes attributable to kernel weight difference when inherited through the pollen versus the plant. We measured grain‐filling characteristics, kernel moisture concentration, rate of moisture ross, and mature kernel dry weight for apical, mid‐ear, and basal kernels of field‐grown plants. We produced 12 hybrid strains by reciprocally intercrossing three strains that differ for grain‐filling rates [high (tiC), random (RC), and low (LC) R‐nj color expression] with two kernel‐weight strains [large. (LG) and small (SM)]. Plants of each hybrid strain were pollinated with either LG or SM pollen in Fargo, ND, in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Multivariate analyses of variance showed that LG and SM pollen effects differed for rate of grain filling, lag phase duration, and kernel dry weight. Kernels from LG pollen had 0.4% shorter lag phases, grew 5.2% faster, and were 3.9% heavier at maturity than kernels from SM pollen. Developmental similarities among apical, mid‐ear, and basal kernels suggested that a common assimilate supply controlled their growth. Kernels from LG plants had 2.6% higher grain‐filling rates, 5.9% longer effective filling periods, 0.7% shorter lag phases, 7.6% heavier mature kernds, and 23 g kg −1 lower moisture concentration at physiological maturity than kernels from SM plants. We found reciprocal effects among hybrid plants for all traits. Kernel‐weight genes produced xenia effects for three traits determining kernel dry weight, but affected many additional traits when inherited via the plant.
In Vitro Studies of the Effects of Some Drugs on the Dissociation of Protein-bound Bilirubin (1961)

新生兒時期的膽紅素過多症常常引起核黃疽。但其因素非常複雜，不僅與膽紅素的濃度並與其血清蛋白質給合的情形有關。著者依照Odell的方法檢查7個新生兒血清膽紅素在玻器內受幾種常用藥物（有機陰游子Organic anions）的作用，由蛋白質解離的現象。
檢查給果，有機陰游子(Organic anions)，例如Sulfisoxazole, Sulfisomezole, Salicylate, Caffeine Sodium benzoate, Penicillin, Dihydro-Streptomycin, Chloromycetin及Kanamycin等均有解離蛋白質結合膽紅素的作用(Dissociation of Protein-bound bilirubin)惟後列四種抗生素的影響最少。
越過10mg%的血清膽紅素以分光光度計測驗時呈現兩個吸收高峯點即在420mμ及460mμ兩處並且8例中6例的血清膽紅素在420mμ的吸收峯高於460mμ的吸收峯。此現象與Odell的報告相反，值得將來進一步的研究。
SARS and Common Viral Infections (2004)

In California, molecular testing was useful in decreasing suspicion for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), by detecting common respiratory pathogens (influenza A/B, human metapneumovirus, picornavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia spp., parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus) in 23 (45%) of 51 patients with suspected SARS and 9 (47%) of 19 patients with probable SARS.
Preparation and Chemical Properties of Periodate-Oxidized Adenosine Triphosphate and Some Related Compounds (1979)

Conference Article| October 01 1979 Preparation and Chemical Properties of Periodate-Oxidized Adenosine Triphosphate and Some Related Compounds PETER N. LOWE; PETER N. LOWE *Shell Research Limited, Shell Biosciences Laboratory, Sittingbourne Research Centre, Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8AG, U.K.†Department of Biochemistry, Chelsea College (University of London), Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HAROLD BAUM; HAROLD BAUM †Department of Biochemistry, Chelsea College (University of London), Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. BRIAN BEECHEY R. BRIAN BEECHEY *Shell Research Limited, Shell Biosciences Laboratory, Sittingbourne Research Centre, Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8AG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1979) 7 (5): 1131–1133. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0071131 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PETER N. LOWE, HAROLD BAUM, R. BRIAN BEECHEY; Preparation and Chemical Properties of Periodate-Oxidized Adenosine Triphosphate and Some Related Compounds. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1979; 7 (5): 1131–1133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0071131 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: o-ATP, periodate-oxidized ATP This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
mRNA Profiling of Rat Islet Tumors Reveals Nkx 6.1 as a β-Cell-specific Homeodomain Transcription Factor (1996)

Development of a high capacity multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction protocol has allowed us to screen lineage related rat islet tumors classified as alpha-, beta-, and delta-like as judged by their hormone profile for differential expression of more than 50 selected genes. We find that in addition to insulin the insulinoma express the normal beta-cell markers Pdx-1, IAPP, and Glut-2, and that these markers are absent from the glucagonoma: a reflection of the normal alpha-cell. Furthermore, this study suggests that the GLP-1, glucagon, GIP, IGF-1, and insulin receptors as well as E-cadherin, R-cadherin, Id-1, and Id-2 are differentially expressed within the islet of Langerhans. Importantly, insulinoma-specific expression of the recently cloned homeodomain protein Nkx 6.1 predicted beta-cell-specific expression in the normal islet. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies raised against recombinant Nkx 6.1 did indeed localize Nkx 6.1 expression exclusively to the nuclei of normal islet beta-cells. Apart from pancreatic islets only the antral part of the stomach contained Nkx 6.1 mRNA. We conclude that multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based mRNA profiling is a powerful tool to identify differentially expressed genes within phenotypically related cells and propose that Nkx 6.1 is involved in specifying the unique characteristics of the beta-cell.
Efficient optical coupling between a polymeric waveguide and an ultrafast silicon MSM photodiode (1998)

One task of the integration of optoelectronic functions with silicon devices is the construction of an optical waveguide on Si and the optical coupling of this waveguide to a silicon photodetector. We have fabricated polymeric strip waveguides on Si and demonstrate a very efficient design for the optical coupling between the polymeric waveguide and an ultrafast Si-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) mesa-type photodetector. This detector uses high-quality epitaxial Si as the sensitive layer, which is sandwiched between two metallic contacts. If these MSM detectors are excited by a vertically incident free beam of /spl lambda/=840 nm and pulses of 100-fs full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), they respond with electrical pulses of 3, 5-ps length (FWHM, T=300 K).
Regulation of UT-A1-mediated transepithelial urea flux in MDCK cells (2006)

Transepithelial [(14)C]urea fluxes were measured across cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells permanently transfected to express the urea transport protein UT-A1. The urea fluxes were typically increased from a basal rate of 2 to 10 and 25 nmol.cm(-2).min(-1) in the presence of vasopressin and forskolin, respectively. Flux activation consisted of a rapid-onset component of small amplitude that leveled off within approximately 10 min and at times even decreased again, followed by a delayed, strong increase over the next 30-40 min. Forskolin activated urea transport through activation of adenylyl cyclase; dideoxyforskolin was inactive. Vasopressin activated urea transport only from the basolateral side and was blocked by OPC-31260, indicating that its action was mediated by basolateral V(2) receptors. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, vasopressin activated as strongly as forskolin. By itself, IBMX caused a slow increase over 50 min to approximately 5 nmol.cm(-2).min(-1). 8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP; 300 microM) activated urea flux only when added basolaterally. IBMX augmented the activation by basolateral 8-BrcAMP. Urea flux activation by vasopressin and forskolin were only partially blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89. Even at concentrations >10 microM, urea flux after 60 min of stimulation was reduced by <50%. The rapid-onset component appeared unaffected by the presence of H-89. These data suggest that activation of transepithelial urea transport across MDCK-UT-A1 cells by forskolin and vasopressin involves cAMP as a second messenger and that it is mediated by one or more signaling pathways separate from and in addition to protein kinase A.
Selective Mono- to Perarylations of Tetrabromothiophene by a Cyclobutene-1,2-diylbisimidazolium Preligand (2011)

(Cyclobut-1-ene-1,2-diyl)bis(1-methylimidazolium)tetrafluoroborate is applied as preligand in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions starting from tetrabromothiophene for the synthesis of mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetraaryl-substituted thiophenes bearing up to four different aryl rings. A synthetic kit for preparations of nine different substitution patterns of arylated thiophenes is presented by application of only one single catalyst system. In agreement with DFT calculations, which predict energetically low rotational barriers in triaryl-3-bromothiophenes and tetraarylthiophenes, no NOE effects between adjacent aryl rings are detectable. The regioselectivity of their syntheses has therefore been elucidated by reduction of triaryl-3-bromothiophene to 2,3,5-triarylthiophene followed by HMBC, HSQC, and NOESY NMR measurements. Additionally, results of an X-ray single structure analysis are presented.
Synthesis of W-Phenylalkyldimethylamines from Corresponding Alcohols (1978)

Abstract The preparation of W-phenylalkyldimethylamines and their derivatives is of particular interest since they have a broad field of application e. g as catalysts, corrosion inhibitors, epoxy hardeners and vulcanizing agents. Several different ways of synthesis have been reported in the literature1-14, mostly starting from the corresponding halides or aldehydes. In this paper a new catalytic method of synthesis starting from corresponding alcohols is described. The investigated catalytic amination can be carried out in a simple one step procedure and takes place accoring to the following overall reaction scheme Of all catalyst types tested copper oxide and copper oxide/chromium oxide on an acidic support (e. g. silica or γ-alumina) showed the best selectivity and activity
EUV mask absorber defect repair with focused ion beam (1998)

In this paper, the Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) mask absorber repair using focused ion beam (FIB) is investigated. It is well known that focused ion beam repair for the opaque defect removal can easily cause both damage and gallium staining or contamination to the substrate. The damage and gallium staining will induce a localized transmission loss in the case of conventional transmission optical mask. The situation become even worse in the case of reflective EUV mask since gallium is very absorbent at EUV wavelength of 13.4 nm. In addition, the incident beam travels double path through the damaged region due to the reflective nature of the mask. To minimize or even eliminate the repair induced damage, we designed a mask flow to incorporate a SiO<SUB>2</SUB> sacrificial layer beneath the metal absorber layer. This sacrificial layer will become a buffer layer for the metal defect repair. The repair, therefore, will only result in the damage on the sacrificial SiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer instead of EUV reflective multilayer (ML). After the repair, the damaged and contaminated SiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer will be etched away by either wet or dry etch. In the study, we performed both high voltage of 30 kv repair and low voltage of 10 kv repair. We found that in addition to use a sacrifice layer, low voltage focused ion beam repair is also necessary to ensure the damage and contamination free ML substrate.
Robust glass‐ceramics catalysts for biomass gasification (2009)

Abstract Glass‐ceramics offer high melting points (1200–1500°C), excellent attrition‐resistance, and very low coefficients of thermal expansion. We have found that these materials can be employed to create active supported catalysts, bulk catalysts, or a combination of the two. Supported catalysts are created by the process of thermal impregnation in which thermal energy is employed to graft oxides of catalytically active metals directly into the surfaces of glass‐ceramic and mineral‐based supports. Bulk catalysts are prepared by heat‐treating specially formulated Li and Mg‐aluminosilicate glasses containing up to 40 wt % NiO to create a fine‐grained (0.5–5 μm) multiphase, crystalline ceramic. When any of these materials are reduced with hydrogen, exposed surfaces reveal a metallic state. Laboratory testing with simulated syngas mixtures containing surrogate tars (naphthalene and toluene) shows that these new materials can exhibit strong catalytic activity for tar and methane decomposition as well as methanation at lower temperatures. This work is supported by US‐DOE Cooperative Agreement DE‐FG36‐04GO14314 and GTI internal research funding. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009