gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of packet loss rate at a statistical multiplexer for multimedia services (1994)

Uses the well known technique of power spectral representation to characterize the second order statistics of packet loss during congestion at a statistical multiplexer. Unlike the steady state statistics, the second order statistics measures the time correlation behavior of loss. Typically, the low frequency loss power is associated with long periods of highly consecutive loss. The effect of the loss rate power spectrum on transmission qualities is service dependent. The study indicates that, by selective packet discarding, one can properly change the distribution of the overall loss rate spectrum among the multiplexed traffic streams, which can significantly improve the transmission quality of individual services. Moreover, with the design of multi-level buffer overload control, one can tune the loss rate steady state distribution of different priority streams to a piece-wise step function, which minimizes the packet loss impact on service qualities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tackling inequalities — the Acheson agenda (2000)

Building on the received wisdom of the 1998 Acheson Report on Health Inequalities, this paper examines the particular difficulties faced by Health Authorities in tackling this complex agenda.
Interferometric Crosstalk Reduction in an RSOA-Based WDM Passive Optical Network (2009)

Reflection and Rayleigh backscattering-induced interferometric crosstalk in a link employing a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) may cause significant power penalty and, thus, limit the performance of the system. In this paper, we investigate interferometric crosstalk suppression in a centralized light generation wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) by single-tone phase modulation either by utilizing the nonlinear behavior of the RSOA at the optical network unit (ONU) or by applying an external phase modulator at the source side. 6- and 7-dB reduction in power penalty for reflection-induced crosstalk is achieved, respectively. For Rayleigh backscattering-induced crosstalk power penalty is improved with 3 and 4.5 dB, respectively. The results show that an RSOA is very sensitive to reflections and backscattering and the tolerance to these impairments can be significantly improved by appropriate phase modulation. A comparison with advantages and disadvantages of both methods together with final recommendation is also given in the paper.
Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using a polymerizable surfactant. III. Mathematical model (1993)

Abstract A mathematical model was developed to aid in the further understanding of the growth of latex particles in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acctate using a polymerizable surfactant, sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate (TREM LF‐40). The model incorporates the main features of the system observed experimentally: copolymerization in the aqueous phase, at the particle surface, and chain transfer to TREM LF‐40. The reactions at the particle/water interface and, more specifically, the chain transfer to TREM LF‐40 leading to a decrease in the average number of radicals per particle, was found to be the most significant mechanism for explaining the difference in kinetic results found for TREM LF‐40 and its nonpolymerizable counterpart. The copolymerization of vinyl acetate with TREM LF‐40 was also shown to slow the overall polymerization rate. However, the copolymerization alone was not sufficient to account for the decreased polymerization rates observed experimentally. A combination of copolymerization and chain transfer to TREM LF‐40 was found to provide a good fit of the experimental results. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Patrick Champagne, Rémi Lenoir, Dominique Merllié, Louis Pinto, Initiation à la pratique sociologique (1990)

Genet Jean-Philippe. Patrick Champagne, Rémi Lenoir, Dominique Merllié, Louis Pinto, Initiation à la pratique sociologique. In: Histoire & Mesure, 1990 volume 5 - n°1-2. Archéologie. pp. 163-164.
Modeling of EM Logging Tools in Arbitrary 3-D Borehole Geometries Using PML-FDTD (2005)

We discuss the numerical modeling of logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools for hydrocarbon exploration in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries using a new finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme in cylindrical coordinates. Two locally conformal FDTD (LC-FDTD) schemes are employed to simulate eccentric LWD tools in realistic logging environments. An anisotropic perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition extended to cylindrical coordinates is incorporated in the FDTD method to simulate unbounded geophysical formations. Frequency-domain data are obtained from the time-domain results using a ramp-modulated sinusoidal source and an efficient early-time extraction algorithm. The FDTD simulations are validated against both numerical mode matching and pseudoanalytical approaches and show very good agreement.
Alteration of Cell Surface Sialylation Regulates Antigen-Induced Naive CD8+ T Cell Responses (2004)

The strength of interactions with APC instructs naive T cells to undergo programmed expansion and differentiation, which is largely determined by the peptide affinity and dose as well as the duration of TCR ligation. Although, most ligands mediating these interactions are terminally sialylated, the impact of the T cell sialylation status on Ag-dependent response remains poorly understood. In this study, by monitoring TCR transgenic CD8+ T cells, OT-I, we show that biochemical desialylation of naive OT-I T cells increases their sensitivity for agonist as well as partial agonist peptides. Desialylation enhances early activation and shortens the duration of TCR stimulation required for proliferation and differentiation, without increasing apoptosis. Moreover, desialylation of naive OT-I T cells augments their response to tumor-presented Ag. These results provide direct evidence for a regulatory role for sialylation in Ag-dependent CD8+ T cell responses and offer a new approach to sensitize or dampen Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses.
Abstract 11427: Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Ameliorates the Development of Angiotensin II-Mediated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Obese ob/ob Mice (2013)

Objective: The infiltration and activation of macrophages and lymphocytes within the vascular wall contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We have demonstrated that invar...
MITF-siRNA Formulation Is a Safe and Effective Therapy for Human Melasma (2010)

It is unclear whether siRNA-based agents can be a safe and effective therapy for diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-siRNA (MITF-siR)-silenced MITF gene expression effectively induced a significant reduction in tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1, and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) levels. The siRNAs caused obvious inhibition of melanin synthesis and melanoma cell apoptosis. Using a novel type of transdermal peptide, we developed the formulation of an MITF-siR cream. Results demonstrated that hyperpigmented facial lesions of siRNA-treated subjects were significantly lighter after 12 weeks of therapy than before treatment (P < 0.001); overall improvement was first noted after 4 weeks of siRNA treatment. At the end of treatment, clinical and colorimetric evaluations demonstrated a 90.4% lightening of the siRNA-treated lesions toward normal skin color. The relative melanin contents in the lesions and adjacent normal skin were decreased by 26% and 7.4%, respectively, after treatment with the MITF-siR formulation. Topical application of siRNA formulation significantly lightens brown facial hypermelanosis and lightens normal skin in Asian individuals. This treatment represents a safe and effective therapy for melasma, suggesting that siRNA-based agents could be developed for treating other diseases such as melanoma.
Hot or Cold? Is Monothermal Caloric Testing Useful and Cost-Effective? (2013)

Isolated monothermal testing is a sensitive screening tool for detecting UVW, but is not adequate for predicting noncaloric VNG results.
High contrast ultrasonic imaging of resin-rich regions in graphite/epoxy composites using entropy (2016)

This study compares different approaches for imaging a near-surface resin-rich defect in a thin graphite/epoxy plate using backscattered ultrasound. The specimen was created by cutting a circular hole in the second ply; this region filled with excess resin from the graphite/epoxy sheets during the curing process. Backscat-tered waveforms were acquired using a 4 in. focal length, 5MHz center frequency broadband transducer, scanned on a 100 × 100 grid of points that were 0.03 × 0.03 in. apart. The specimen was scanned with the defect side closest to the transducer. Consequently, the reflection from the resin-rich region cannot be gated from the large front-wall echo. At each point in the grid 256 waveforms were averaged together and subsequently used to produce peak-to-peak, Signal Energy (sum of squared digitized waveform values), as well as entropy images of two different types (a Renyi entropy, and a joint entropy). As the figure shows, all of the entropy images exhibit better border delineation and defect contrast than the either the peak-to-peak or Signal Energy. The best results are obtained using the joint entropy of the backscattered waveforms with a reference function. Two different references are examined. The first is a reflection of the insonifying pulse from a stainless steel reflector. The second is an approximate optimum obtained from an iterative parametric search. The joint entropy images produced using this reference exhibit three times the contrast obtained in previous studies.
The ancestral symbiont sensor kinase CSK links photosynthesis with gene expression in chloroplasts (2008)

We describe a novel, typically prokaryotic, sensor kinase in chloroplasts of green plants. The gene for this chloroplast sensor kinase (CSK) is found in cyanobacteria, prokaryotes from which chloroplasts evolved. The CSK gene has moved, during evolution, from the ancestral chloroplast to the nuclear genomes of eukaryotic algae and green plants. The CSK protein is now synthesised in the cytosol of photosynthetic eukaryotes and imported into their chloroplasts as a protein precursor. In the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana, CSK is autophosphorylated and required for control of transcription of chloroplast genes by the redox state of an electron carrier connecting photosystems I and II. CSK therefore provides a redox regulatory mechanism that couples photosynthesis to gene expression. This mechanism is inherited directly from the cyanobacterial ancestor of chloroplasts, is intrinsic to chloroplasts, and is targeted to chloroplast genes.
Low-complexity Bandwidth Extension in MDCT domain for low-bitrate speech coding (2009)

We propose a low-complexity bandwidth extension (BWE) method operating in the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain to reduce the bitrate of wideband and super-wideband speech codecs. The proposed method generates a high-frequency signal by copying the MDCT spectrum from the low frequency part, and then adjusts tonality to improve the subjective quality of the generated high-frequency signal. In combination with an MDCT-based transform codec, it requires only 64.9% of the computational complexity of MPEG-4 spectral band replication (SBR). It also achieves subjective quality better than SBR for many speech samples.
Transform-domain partial prediction algorithm for intra prediction in H.264/AVC (2009)

In this paper, a partial cost intra prediction algorithm based on transform-domain property is proposed. After transform processing, the intensity of the whole block is collected into the first few pixels. The differences in the low frequency region are adopted to represent the total distortion of one 4times4 block. In comparison to the previous fast mode decision algorithms, which mainly reduce the number of candidates in the RDO process, the proposed algorithm simplifies the computation in the cost function. Moreover, the integer transform with cosine multiplication is applied in the proposed algorithm and gets better results in intensity collection. With the benefit of linear transform, the number of operations is further reduced approximately by 40% of the original cost calculation suggested in H.264 JM standard.
Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation (2006)

A highly practical guide rooted in theory to include the necessary background for taking the reader through the planning, implementation and management stages for each type of cellular network. Present day cellular networks are a mixture of the technologies like GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA. They even contain features of the technologies that will lead us to the fourth generation networks. Designing and optimising these complex networks requires much deeper understanding. Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation presents radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation aspects for GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA networks with focus on practical aspects of the field. Experts from each of the domains have brought their experiences under one book making it an essential read for design practitioners, experts, scientists and students working in the cellular industry. Key Highlights * Focus on radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation * Covers GSM, EGPRS, WCDMA network planning & optimisation * Gives an introduction to the networks/technologies beyond WCDMA, and explores its current status and future potential * Examines the full range of potential scenarios and problems faced by those who design cellular networks and provides advice and solutions all backed up with real-world examples This text will serve as a handbook to anyone engaged in the design, deployment, performance and business of Cellular Networks. Efficient planning and optimization of mobile networks are key to guarantee superior quality of service and user experience. They also form the essential foundation for the success of future technology development, making this book a valuable read on the road towards 4G. -Tero Ojanpera, Chief Technology Officer, Nokia Networks
Synthesis of Lead Chalcogenide Alloy and Core–Shell Nanowires (2008)

Getting the grip on wires: Lead chalcogenide heterostructures, including alloy and core–shell nanowires were achieved by solution phase synthesis (see HRTEM image of a PbSe–PbTe core–shell nanowire). Structural control was gained by changing the growth parameters. The new heterostructures have a potential to provide better thermoelectric materials compared to the pure PbSe nanowires.
Terahertz PT technology for measurement of multiphase flow and its infrared simulation (2005)

Terahertz process tomography (PT) is a new technology for multiphase flow measurement. T-ray PT prototype based on analysis of the T-ray's merits was proposed and an NIR PT simulation system was developed in this paper. The architecture, algorithm and characteristics of the simulation system were studied through experimental test. Evaluations of the simulation system performance and corresponding promotional approach were made. It was shown that the solution of simulation system could be adapted for THz PT technology, and that the experimental results proved that the simulation system itself is suitable for parameter measurement of two-phase flow.
Discussion (1975)

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Privacy in Social Media: Identification, Mitigation and Applications (2018)

The increasing popularity of social media has attracted a huge number of people to participate in numerous activities on a daily basis. This results in tremendous amounts of rich user-generated data. This data provides opportunities for researchers and service providers to study and better understand users' behaviors and further improve the quality of the personalized services. Publishing user-generated data risks exposing individuals' privacy. Users privacy in social media is an emerging task and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. These works study privacy issues in social media from the two different points of views: identification of vulnerabilities, and mitigation of privacy risks. Recent research has shown the vulnerability of user-generated data against the two general types of attacks, identity disclosure and attribute disclosure. These privacy issues mandate social media data publishers to protect users' privacy by sanitizing user-generated data before publishing it. Consequently, various protection techniques have been proposed to anonymize user-generated social media data. There is a vast literature on privacy of users in social media from many perspectives. In this survey, we review the key achievements of user privacy in social media. In particular, we review and compare the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of the privacy leakage attacks and anonymization algorithms. We overview the privacy risks from different aspects of social media and categorize the relevant works into five groups 1) graph data anonymization and de-anonymization, 2) author identification, 3) profile attribute disclosure, 4) user location and privacy, and 5) recommender systems and privacy issues. We also discuss open problems and future research directions for user privacy issues in social media.
Expression profiling identifies responder and non‐responder phenotypes to interferon‐β in multiple sclerosis (2003)

Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis are characterized by complex genetic traits and pathomechanisms that translate into clinical heterogeneity. This wide heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis as well as different biological responses to immunomodulatory drugs can be expected to contribute to differential treatment responses. Strategies that dissect the relationship between the treatment response and the biological characteristics in individual patients are valuable not only as a clinical tool, but also in leading to a better understanding of the disease. Here we address the in vitro and ex vivo RNA expression profile under one approved therapy of multiple sclerosis, interferon-beta (IFN-beta, Betaseron), by cDNA microarrays and demonstrate that non-responder and responder phenotypes to IFN-beta as assessed by longitudinal gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans and clinical disease activity differ in their ex vivo gene expression profile. These findings will help to better elucidate the mechanism of action of IFN-beta in relation to different disease patterns and eventually lead to optimized therapy.
Coupling between stacked waveguides using grating couplers (1998)

For high density integration of an optical integrated circuit, stacked waveguides and active interconnection between the waveguides must be attained. In this paper, two thin film slab waveguides stacked on a substrate were used to form a two-story structure. Grating couplers were formed in the waveguides to couple the two waveguides. The coupling equations were derived from mode coupling theory in order to clarify the co-directional and contra-directional coupling characteristics. In co-directional coupling, the wavelength selectivity is small, and high coupling efficiency cannot be expected (less than 25%) if a conventional uniform grating coupler is used. On the other hand, in contra-directional coupling, the wavelength selectivity is high, and high coupling efficiency can be expected if a long grating length and large coupling coefficient can be attained. A contra-directional coupling device with a coupling wavelength of 800 nm was designed and fabricated, and its wavelength dependence was evaluated by using the TE mode. The experimental half-value width was 0.3 nm, which is close to the calculated value of 0.2 nm, indicating that the coupler has a sharp wavelength selective coupling characteristic. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(4): 29–37, 1998
A novel application of polyimide-W-Al/Cu for VLSI interconnect (2002)

Polyimide (PI)-W-Al/Cu interconnect metallurgy for wiring is proposed for device applications. The major advantages of this structure such as the ability to use an insulator with lower dielectric constant for performance, and contact etchability (good selectivity to the bottom substrate) without damage to underlying structures is reported. It is demonstrated that chemically vapor deposited (CVD) blanket W can be deposited into high aspect ratio polyimide contacts. Subsequently is can be planarized on polyimide surface by an etchback process involving chemical and mechanical polishing. In addition, the structure is successfully applied to bipolar devices with severe topography. The specific contact resistivities of 2-4*10/sup -8/ Omega -cm/sup 2/ are realized between PtSi Schottky diodes and the proposed structure with and without inorganic underlayers. Using Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ as an inorganic sodium barrier underlayer the same contact structure is applied to field effect transistors (FET) with shallow junctions (0.1 mu m-0.13 mu m) and 0.6 mu m poly gate (150 nm) with thin silicide (20 nm) yielding ideal device behavior. The proposed structure can be repeated to provide multilevel metallization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exertional compartment syndrome: review of the literature and proposed rehabilitation guidelines following surgical release. (2011)

Adequate description of long-term follow-up of outcomes following compartment release for CECS is lacking in current literature. The proposed guidelines for rehab following compartment release include consideration of tissue healing, muscle loading, scar tissue formation, and consideration of soft tissues contained in the involved compartment. Utilization of the proposed guidelines may allow for future research to be performed in order to assess outcomes following surgical intervention for CECS.
A Semi-Automatic Image-Based Close Range 3D Modeling Pipeline Using a Multi-Camera Configuration (2012)

The generation of photo-realistic 3D models is an important task for digital recording of cultural heritage objects. This study proposes an image-based 3D modeling pipeline which takes advantage of a multi-camera configuration and multi-image matching technique that does not require any markers on or around the object. Multiple digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are adopted and fixed with invariant relative orientations. Instead of photo-triangulation after image acquisition, calibration is performed to estimate the exterior orientation parameters of the multi-camera configuration which can be processed fully automatically using coded targets. The calibrated orientation parameters of all cameras are applied to images taken using the same camera configuration. This means that when performing multi-image matching for surface point cloud generation, the orientation parameters will remain the same as the calibrated results, even when the target has changed. Base on this invariant character, the whole 3D modeling pipeline can be performed completely automatically, once the whole system has been calibrated and the software was seamlessly integrated. Several experiments were conducted to prove the feasibility of the proposed system. Images observed include that of a human being, eight Buddhist statues, and a stone sculpture. The results for the stone sculpture, obtained with several multi-camera configurations were compared with a reference model acquired by an ATOS-I 2M active scanner. The best result has an absolute accuracy of 0.26 mm and a relative accuracy of 1:17,333. It demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed low-cost image-based 3D modeling pipeline and its applicability to a large quantity of antiques stored in a museum.