gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior-based robotics (1999)

Whence behaviour? animal behaviour robot behaviour behaviour-based architectures representational issues for behavioural systems hybrid deliberative/rective architectures perceptual basis for behaviour-based control adaptive behaviour social behaviour fringe robotics - beyond behaviour.
Real-time electric vehicle mass identification (2013)

A technique capable of identifying electric vehicle (EV) mass in real-time has been a topic of research for several years due to the advantages it presents, such as the ability to dramatically improve range estimates, perform more effective torque vectoring for ABS/ESC, track delivery vehicle weight, etc. Some crucial issues in mass identification impede an easy implementation of such an algorithm, however, and this work introduces a simple method to calculate EV mass on-the-fly using standard data available on most CAN buses and therefore without the need of additional sensors. The results presented here are achieved using an eight step technique suitable for accurate mass estimations during wide-open-throttle acceleration events. The algorithm's instantaneous error is less than 10%, and converges to better than 3% absolute accuracy performance with subsequent measurements. A preliminary analysis of trips lacking hard acceleration presented in this paper show an inability to differentiate between loaded and unloaded conditions.
Compression of Structured High-Throughput Sequencing Data (2013)

Large biological datasets are being produced at a rapid pace and create substantial storage challenges, particularly in the domain of high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Most approaches currently used to store HTS data are either unable to quickly adapt to the requirements of new sequencing or analysis methods (because they do not support schema evolution), or fail to provide state of the art compression of the datasets. We have devised new approaches to store HTS data that support seamless data schema evolution and compress datasets substantially better than existing approaches. Building on these new approaches, we discuss and demonstrate how a multi-tier data organization can dramatically reduce the storage, computational and network burden of collecting, analyzing, and archiving large sequencing datasets. For instance, we show that spliced RNA-Seq alignments can be stored in less than 4% the size of a BAM file with perfect data fidelity. Compared to the previous compression state of the art, these methods reduce dataset size more than 40% when storing exome, gene expression or DNA methylation datasets. The approaches have been integrated in a comprehensive suite of software tools (http://goby.campagnelab.org) that support common analyses for a range of high-throughput sequencing assays.
Motor function of the opossum sphincter of Oddi. (1983)

We studied the opossum sphincter of Oddi (SO) because in this species the SO is approximately 3 cm in length and its extraduodenal location permits recording of motor activity with negligible interference from duodenal motor activity. The SO segment of 120 animals was evaluated by one or more of the following: (a) intraluminal manometry; (b) electromyography; (c) common bile duct (CBD) flow monitored by a drop counter; (d) cineradiography of intraductal contrast medium; and (e) histologic examination. SO pull-throughs using an infused catheter of 0.6-mm o.d. invariably showed a high pressure zone (HPZ) of 18 +/- 3 SE mm Hg in the terminal 4-5 mm of the SO segment. This HPZ had a narrow lumen, 0.5-0.7 mm in diam, and prominent circular muscle. The HPZ in the terminal SO had both active and passive components. HPZ with minimal amplitude and a paucity of underlying smooth muscle were present inconstantly at the junction of the SO segment with the CBD and pancreatic duct, respectively. The dominant feature of the SO segment was rhythmic peristaltic contractions that originated in the proximal SO and propagated toward the duodenum. These contractions occurred spontaneously at a rate of 2-8/min, ranged up to 200 mm Hg in magnitude, had a duration of approximately 5 s and were not abolished by tetrodotoxin. Concurrent myoelectric and manometric recordings showed that each phasic contraction was immediately preceded by an electrical spike burst. Simultaneous recordings of cineradiography, CBD inflow of contrast medium, SO manometry, and SO electromyography indicated that rhythmic peristaltic contractions stripped contrast medium from the SO into the duodenum. During SO systole, CBD emptying was transiently interrupted, whereas SO filling occurred during the diastolic interval between SO peristaltic contractions. SO distention increased the frequency of SO peristalsis. We conclude that (a) the dominant feature of the opossum SO is rhythmic peristaltic contractions that originate in the proximal SO and propagate toward the duodenum; (b) these forceful SO peristaltic contractions are myogenic in origin and serve as a peristaltic pump that actively empties the SO segment; (c) CBD outflow occurs passively during SO diastole, but is interrupted transiently during each SO peristaltic contraction; and (d) a short HPZ with active as well as passive components exists in the distal SO segment and acts as a variable resistor to SO outflow.
Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Seeding onto Processed Ex Vivo Arterial Scaffolds Using 3D Vascular Bioreactors (2004)

Biomaterials derived from ex vivo tissues offer a viable alternative to synthetic materials for organ replacement therapies. In this study, we describe the use of a tissue engineering scaffold derived from ex vivo arterial tissue to assess vascular cell adhesion within a three-dimensional perfusion bioreactor. With the aim of maximizing seeding efficiency, five methods for endothelial cell (EC) and three independent methods for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) adhesion were explored. Seeded constructs were maintained in vascular bioreactors under pulsatile flow conditions, culminating at 165 ml/min at 1.33 Hz to validate cell attachment and retention over time. Progressive modification of the seeding and flow regime protocols resulted in an increased of EC retention from 5.1 to 634 cells/mm2. Seeding VSMCs as sheets rather than cell suspensions bound and stabilized surface EC matrix fibers, resulting in multiple cell layers adhered to the scaffold with cells migrating to the medial/adventitial boundary. In conjunction with the bioscaffold, the vascular perfusion system serves as a useful tool to analyze cell adhesion and retention by allowing controlled manipulation of seeding and perfusion conditions.
The Role of the Military in the Economic Decline (1993)

In contrast to the curtailment of public investment in productive infrastructure, the military has continued to grow by leaps and bounds since the Camelot days of the Kennedy administration. Today, the extent of military spending in the United States today is almost incomprehensible. By 1990, the Military Industrial Complex was employing about 6.5 million military and civilian personnel — about 1 of every 10 workers — in more than 135,000 factories (Melman and Dumas 1990). According to the conservative estimates of the Office of Management and Budget, national defence made up 26 per cent of the fiscal 1990 budget.
Nyx: a display energy optimizer for mobile web apps (2015)

Energy is a critical resource for current mobile devices. In a smartphone, display is one of the most energy consuming components. Modern smartphones often use OLED screens, which consume much more energy when displaying light colors than displaying dark colors. In our previous study, we proposed a technique to reduce display energy of mo- bile web apps by changing the color scheme automatically. With this approach, we achieved a 40% reduction in display power consumption and 97% user acceptance of the new color scheme. In this tool paper, we describe Nyx, which implements our approach. Nyx is implemented as a self- contained executable file with which users can optimize en- ergy consumption of their web apps with a simple command.
Quatro anos da presença americana no Iraque (2007)

O presente artigo busca realizar um balaco dos quatro anos de presenca militar norte-americana em solo iraquiano e delinear as perspectivas para sua retirada, alem das consequencias que ela tera para a politica e seguranca internacional.
Studies show effects of composition on propane refrigeration (1979)

Propane refrigeration systems in Amoco-operated natural-gas-processing plants have frequently been designed to use refrigerant grade propane consisting of 98% propane and 2% ethane. As a result of changes in individual circumstances, some gas processing plants have been loaded to the maximum. Refrigeration systems in these plants were usually short on horsepower or condensing capacity, even though extra capacity was orginially provided. Amoco found these refrigeration system shortcomings most often existed in plants where commercial-grade propane was used in lieu of refrigerant-grade propane. Plants accepted commercial grade propane (208 psig vp) as a substitute for their refrigerant systems because of cost or availability. At low loads the effects were not especially harmful. At or near full loads, the effects become more critical. The authors studied 3 different refrigeration schemes which are in use at Amoco-operated plants to determine how composition affects refrigeration-system performance. Comparisons were made through the use of a process simulator. Extensive plant testing has proven the simulator to be in good agreement with actual operating variables.
Trajectory-based detection of urban expansion using Landsat time series (2014)

The ongoing development of urbanization makes it increasingly necessary to map urban expansion over a longer term than ever. Long time series of remotely sensed images are useful data for understanding urban dynamic processes spatio-temporally, but they are difficult to utilize with traditional bi-temporal change detection techniques. In this article, a framework for mapping urban expansion from long Landsat time series is proposed based on trajectory analysis. Assuming that change indicator trajectories could reveal land-cover change trajectories, there are distinctive temporal signatures of different land-cover conversions in such trajectories that can be traced. Accordingly, ideal trajectories of other land-cover types converting to urban land are described. The entire observed trajectory was examined and fitted with ideal trajectories to detect areas that fit the description. This approach requires no single-date classification or extraction of urban land or bi-temporal change threshold determination, and it utilizes temporal information contained in the time series. We tested the method using a 7-year time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery of an urban fringe area of Beijing, China, acquired between 1999 and 2011. The detection of stable urban land and new urban land achieved an overall accuracy of 83.30%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.7917.
The Biology of Symbiosis (1987)

The biology of symbiosis , The biology of symbiosis , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Photoactivation of Alkyl C−H and Silanization: A Simple and General Route to Prepare High-Density Primary Amines on Inert Polymer Surfaces for Protein Immobilization (2009)

Surface modification through implanting functional groups has been demonstrated to be extremely important to biomedical applications. The usage of organic polymer phase is often required to achieve satisfactory results. However, organic surfaces usually have poor chemical reactivity toward other reactants and target biomolecules because these surfaces usually only consist of simple alkyl (C-H) and/or alkyl ether (ROR') structures. For the first time, we here report the potential to perform silanization techniques on alkyl polymer surface, which provide a simple, fast, inexpensive, and general method to decorate versatile functional groups at the molecular level. As an example, high-density primary amines could be obtained on a model polymer, polypropylene substrate, through the reaction between amine-capped silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and hydroxylated polypropylene surface. A model protein, immunoglobulin (IgG), could be effectively immobilized on the surface after transforming amines to aldehydes by the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction between glutaraldehyde (GA) and amines. The routes we report here could directly make use of the benefits from well-developed silane chemistry, and hereby are capable of grafting any functionalities on inert alkyl surfaces via changing the terminal groups in silanes, which should instantly stimulate the development of many realms such as microarrays, immunoassays, biosensors, filtrations, and microseparation.
Analysis of the Adenovirus E1B-55K-Anchored Proteome Reveals Its Link to Ubiquitination Machinery (2002)

During the early phase of infection, the E1B-55K protein of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) counters the E1A-induced stabilization of p53, whereas in the late phase, E1B-55K modulates the preferential nucleocytoplasmic transport and translation of the late viral mRNAs. The mechanism(s) by which E1B-55K performs these functions has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we have taken a proteomics-based approach to identify and characterize novel E1B-55K-associated proteins. A multiprotein E1B-55K-containing complex was immunopurified from Ad5-infected HeLa cells and found to contain E4-orf6, as well as several cellular factors previously implicated in the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated destruction of proteins, including Cullin-5, Rbx1/ROC1/Hrt1, and Elongins B and C. We further demonstrate that a complex containing these as well as other proteins is capable of directing the polyubiquitination of p53 in vitro. These ubiquitin ligase components were found in a high-molecular-mass complex of 800 to 900 kDa. We propose that these newly identified binding partners (Cullin-5, Elongins B and C, and Rbx1) complex with E1B-55K and E4-orf6 during Ad infection to form part of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets specific protein substrates for degradation. We further suggest that E1B-55K functions as the principal substrate recognition component of this SCF-type ubiquitin ligase, whereas E4-orf6 may serve to nucleate the assembly of the complex. Lastly, we describe the identification and characterization of two novel E1B-55K interacting factors, importin-alpha 1 and pp32, that may also participate in the functions previously ascribed to E1B-55K and E4-orf6.
High-throughput and in silico techniques in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. (2002)

The high-throughput screening (HTS) of large proprietary compound collections and combinatorial libraries has increased the pressure on gathering pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism data as early as possible. Properties related to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) can be estimated by a range of in vivo and in vitro methods, most of which are now available or under development in high(er)-throughput modus. In addition, progress has been made in in silico methods using various quantitaTive structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular modeling techniques that employ a range of recently introduced descriptors tailored to e-ADME. These in silico approaches are promising filters for virtual libraries to aid synthesis as well as the selection of compounds for acquisition and screening in the early stages of drug discovery.
Audio object individual operation and its application to earphone leakage noise reduction (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new extension framework of multichannel audio coding based on temporal quantization of spatial information. In our previous study, multiple-audio-object signal can be encoded/decoded via prototypes of directional clustering for each audio object. This paper, first, pays attention to the fact that quantized information corresponds to the spatial image of each sound object, and is easily modified and operated by the end users. Next, as a novel application of the spatial image operation, we propose a new earphone leakage noise reduction method in which the mostly leaked sound object can be detected automatically based on the higher-order statistics, and eliminated. The effectiveness of the proposed CODEC is verified in the subjective evaluation, and leakage noise reduction method is assessed in the objective evaluation.
Is Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme a "Master" Disease Gene? (2002)

Clustering of diseases has been appreciated by health insurers and epidemiologists for some time. Co-morbidity suggests shared pathways of disease. It is by now well agreed that common diseases have a strong genetic component. Here we present evidence that the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion/deletion (D/D) genotype is associated with a large number of common adult diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric disease. Since the ACE D/D genotype has been shown to be associated with increased levels of tissue ACE expression at the protein level, these data suggest that overactivity of ACE may be involved in the pathogenesis of many seemingly unrelated diseases. These results suggest a broad pattern of relatedness of common diseases, as well as the utility of effective ACE inhibition in their treatment and, perhaps, prevention.
Genome-Wide Screening of Laser Capture Microdissected Gastric Signet-Ring Cell Carcinomas (2002)

Gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma comprises a distinct category of gastric cancers and has been reported to have poor prognosis. In an attempt to define genetic changes involved in the pathogenesis of this lesion in an in vivo state, we isolated signet-ring cell carcinoma cells from freshly fixed smears of tumor tissues of 7 primary gastric signet-ring cell carcinomas by laser capture microdissection and applied comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to screen for DNA sequence copy number changes. Frequent chromosomal gains were detected on 2q, 5p, 7q, 14q and 20q, each in 6/7 cases, on 9q, 12q, 17q, and 19q, each in 5/7 cases, and on 18p in 4/7 cases. Frequent losses were observed on 6p and 17p, each in 5/7 cases, on 6q, and 21p, each in 4/7 cases, and on 3p, 8p and 8q, each in 3/7 cases. Losses on 6p have rarely been observed in conventional types of gastric carcinomas reported in the literature. These data provide the first evidence for the occurrence of specific genomic aberrations in gastric signet-ring cell carcinomas. Our observation of frequent losses on 6p chromosomal arm may provide novel abnormalities of potential significance in gastric signet-ring cell carcinomas, suggesting the involvement of genes residing in this region in the genesis of the disease.
Screening for Small Molecules' Bilayer-Modifying Potential Using a Gramicidin-Based Fluorescence Assay (2010)

Many drugs and other small molecules used to modulate biological function are amphiphiles that adsorb at the bilayer/solution interface and thereby alter lipid bilayer properties. This is important because membrane proteins are energetically coupled to their host bilayer by hydrophobic interactions. Changes in bilayer properties thus alter membrane protein function, which provides a possible mechanism for "off-target" drug effects. We have previously shown that channels formed by the linear gramicidins are suitable probes for changes in lipid bilayer properties, as experienced by bilayer-spanning proteins. We now report a gramicidin-based fluorescence assay for changes in bilayer properties. The assay is based on measuring the time course of fluorescence quenching in fluorophore-loaded large unilamellar vesicles, due to entry of a gramicidin channel-permeable quencher. The method is scalable and suitable for both mechanistic studies and high-throughput screening for bilayer-perturbing, potential off-target effects, which we illustrate using capsaicin (Cap) and other compounds.
Thermosensitive TRP ion channels mediate cytosolic calcium response in human synoviocytes (2006)

The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are important membrane sensors, responding to thermal, chemical, osmotic, or mechanical stimuli by activation of calcium and sodium fluxes. In this study, three distinct TRP channels were detected and their role established in mediating cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) response in tumor-derived SW982 synoviocytes and primary cultures of human synovial cells from patients with inflammatory arthropathies. As shown by fura-2 ratio measurements while cells were incubated in a temperature-regulated chamber, significant [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation was elicited by rapid changes in bath temperature, application of TRPV1 receptor agonists capsaicin and resiniferatoxin, or a cold receptor stimulator, icilin. Temperature thresholds for calcium response were determined to be 12 +/- 1 degrees C for cold and 28 +/- 2 degrees C for heat activation. Temperature increases or decreases beyond these thresholds resulted in a significant rise in the magnitude of [Ca(2+)](cyt) spikes. Observed changes in [Ca(2+)](cyt) were completely abolished in calcium-free medium and thus resulted from direct calcium entry through TRP channels rather then by activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Two heat sensitive channels, TRPV1 and TRPV4, and a cold-sensitive channel, TRPA1, were detected by RT-PCR. Minimal mRNA for TRPV3 or TRPM8 was amplified. The RT-PCR results support the data obtained with the [Ca(2+)](cyt) measurements. We propose that the TRP channels are functionally expressed in human synoviocytes and may play a critical role in adaptive or pathological changes in articular surfaces during arthritic inflammation.
Bioadhesives in Drug Delivery (2003)

The use of bioadhesives in drug delivery systems is by no means new, although increased interest in its unique applications in therapy is evidenced by the recent spate of publications. Bioadhesives complement drug delivery systems through increased residence time in the various routes of administration. Prolonged contact time can offer very substantial improvements in local drug therapy as well as significant increases in bioavailability for some drugs. Indeed, for a number of drugs that can only be administered by injection, because of either poor membrane absorption or excessive drug degradation, prolonged residence time at a particular site can obviate the need for an injectable mode of drug administration. A bioadhesive can be defined as any substance that can adhere to a biological substrate and is capable of being retained on that surface for an extended period of time [1,2]. Drug delivery systems using bioadhesives usually adhere to membrane surfaces or the mucin layer coating such surfaces. The majority of the targeted areas used in drug delivery have a coating of mucus, and bioadhesive polymers that attach to this mucus coating are generally called mucoadhesives. Their residence times on these surfaces are controlled by whether the bioadhesive is water soluble or insoluble. In the case of water-soluble bioadhesives, contact time is generally only a few hours, depending on the adhesive and flow of biological fluid at the site of drug administration. Water-insoluble polymers, in contrast, remain in place until the mucin or tissue replaces itself, typically a period of about 4 to 72 h. Contact between the adhesive and the mucosal membrane or its coating can be seen as a two-step process, the initial contact between the bioadhesive and substrate and the subsequent formation of bonds between the two surfaces. Success of the initial contact appears dependent on similarity of physicochemical properties between the adhesive and substrate and is often associated with ‘‘wetting’’ of the substrate surface. Formation of bonds, which can be electrostatic, hydrophobic, or hydrogen bonds, permit the bioadhesive (and drug delivery system) to attach to the substrate. To better understand the use