gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel mTOR-Regulated Phosphorylation Site in Elongation Factor 2 Kinase Modulates the Activity of the Kinase and Its Binding to Calmodulin (2004)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase is an unusual calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that is regulated by insulin through the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR pathway. Here we show that insulin decreases the ability of eEF2 kinase to bind calmodulin in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. We identify a novel phosphorylation site in eEF2 kinase (Ser78) that is located immediately next to its calmodulin-binding motif. Phosphorylation of this site is increased by insulin in a rapamycin-sensitive fashion. Regulation of the phosphorylation of Ser78 also requires amino acids and the protein kinase phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. Mutation of this site to alanine strongly attenuates the effects of insulin and rapamycin both on the binding of calmodulin to eEF2 kinase and on eEF2 kinase activity. Phosphorylation of Ser78 is thus likely to link insulin and mTOR signaling to the control of eEF2 phosphorylation and chain elongation. This site is not a target for known kinases in the mTOR pathway, e.g., the S6 kinases, implying that it is phosphorylated by a novel mTOR-linked protein kinase that serves to couple hormones and amino acids to the control of translation elongation. eEF2 kinase is thus a target for mTOR signaling independently of previously known downstream components of the pathway.
Gas permeability and permselectivity of photochemically crosslinked copolyimides (1999)

A series of copolyimides were prepared from 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamines (3MPDA), 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxyl dianhydride (BTDA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). Modification of the copolyimides by ultraviolet irradiation were carried out. Gas permeabilities of H2, O2, and N2 through the copolyimides and photochemically crosslinked copolyimides were measured at temperatures from 30 to 90°C. The relationships between gas permeabilities and temperature are in agreement with the Arrhenius equation. The structure of photochemically crosslinked copolyimides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and gel measurement methods. Linear relationships between both log P and Ep and the volume fraction of PMDA–3MPDA exist. Photochemically crosslinking modification result in a decrease in gas permeability and an increase in Ep and α(H2/N2) for all the copolyimides. For H2/N2 separation, photochemically crosslinked copolyimides are of higher gas permeabilities and permselectivities simultaneously than normal polyimides. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 521–526, 1999
ABT-737 Induces Expression of the Death Receptor 5 and Sensitizes Human Cancer Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis (2008)

Because Bcl-2 family members inhibit the ability of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis, we investigated whether ABT-737, a small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, enhances TRAIL killing. We demonstrate that a combination of ABT-737 and TRAIL induced significant cell death in multiple cancer types, including renal, prostate, and lung cancers, although each agent individually had little activity in these tumor cells. All of these cell lines expressed the Mcl-1 protein that is known to block the activity of ABT-737 and TRAIL but did not block the synergy between these agents. However, Bax-deficient cell lines, including DU145 and HCT116 cells and those cell lines expressing low levels of TRAIL receptor, were resistant to apoptosis induced by these agents. To understand how ABT-737 functions to markedly increase TRAIL sensitivity, the levels of specific death-inducing signaling complex components were evaluated. Treatment with ABT-737 did not change the levels of c-FLIP, FADD, and caspase-8 but up-regulated the levels of the TRAIL receptor DR5. DR5 up-regulation induced by ABT-737 treatment occurred through a transcriptional mechanism, and mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the NF-kappaB site found in the DR5 promoter was essential for the ability of ABT-737 to increase the levels of this mRNA. Using luciferase reporter plasmids, ABT-737 was shown to stimulate NF-kappaB activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the ability of ABT-737 and TRAIL to induce apoptosis is mediated through activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Combinations of ABT-737 and TRAIL can be exploited therapeutically where antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members drive tumor cell resistance to current anticancer therapies.
Method of data reduction for accurate determination of acoustic backscatter coefficients (1984)

In previous methods of data reduction used to determine ultrasonic backscatter coefficients, various approximations were made. One frequently used is that there is an abrupt cutoff in the lateral extent of the scattering volume interrogated. Another approximation in all previous methods is that the effect of time gating the received echo signals can be written as a function of the distance along the axis of the interrogating beam. In the present paper we show that the backscatter coefficient can be derived from experimental data without making such approximations. The cases of narrow-band and broadband pulses are treated, and the method is applicable whatever the distance between the interrogated volume of scatterers and the transducer face. It is shown that, for a given pulse form, the gate duration must be sufficiently long in order to attain a specified accuracy for the measured backscatter coefficient. A test of the method was done using a phantom with well-defined scattering properties. Very good agreement was found between measured values of backscatter coefficients and those calculated using a first-principles theory.
MR Perfusion Imaging of the Brain (2000)

MR Perfusion Imaging of the BrainTechniques and ApplicationsJeffrey R. Petrella1 and James M. ProvenzaleAudio Available | Share
CD44‐positive cells are responsible for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells (2009)

Accumulating evidence suggests that tumors are composed of a heterogeneous cell population with a small subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that sustain tumor formation and growth. Recently, there have been efforts to explain drug resistance of cancer cells based on the concept of CSCs having an intrinsic detoxifying mechanism. In the present study, to investigate the role of CSCs in acquiring chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer, gemcitabine-resistant cells were established by exposure to serially escalated doses of gemcitabine in HPAC and CFPAC-1 cells. Gemcitabine-resistant cells were more tumorigenic in vitro and in vivo, and had greater sphere-forming activity than parental cells. After high-dose gemcitabine treatment to eliminate most of the cells, CD44(+) cells proliferated and reconstituted the population of resistant cells. CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) cells remained as a small subset in the resistant cell population. Among ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which are known as the mechanism of drug resistance in CSCs, ABCB1 (MDR1) was significantly augmented during the acquisition of drug resistance. ABC transporter inhibitor verapamil resensitized the resistant cells to gemcitabine in a dose-dependent manner and RNA interference of CD44 inhibited the clonogenic activity of resistant cells. In human pancreatic cancer samples, CD44 expression was correlated with histologic grade and the patients with CD44-positive tumors showed poor prognosis. These data indicate that cancer stem-like cells were expanded during the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance and in therapeutic application, targeted therapy against the CD44 or ABC transporter inhibitors could be applied to overcome drug resistance in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease Caused by a New Mutation (V717L) in the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene (2000)

A novel mutation in the APPgene (V717L) has been found in a family with a history of dementia, beginning in the mid to late 30s. The age of onset in this family is earlier than most of the other families with Alzheimer disease who also have APPmutations. Arch Neurol. 2000.
Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporters for Monitoring Protein Acetylation (2010)

Protein acetylation is a key post-translational modification that regulates diverse biological activities in eukaryotes. Here we report bioorthogonal chemical reporters that enable direct in-gel fluorescent visualization and proteome-wide identification of acetylated proteins via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, often termed "click chemistry". We demonstrate that two alkynyl-acetyl-CoA analogues, 4-pentynoyl-CoA and 5-hexynoyl-CoA, function as efficient substrates of lysine acetyltransferase p300 and serve as sensitive reagents for monitoring p300-catalyzed protein acetylation in vitro. In addition, we demonstrate that three alkynylacetate analogues, sodium 3-butynoate, sodium 4-pentynoate, and sodium 5-hexynoate, can be metabolically incorporated onto cellular proteins through biosynthetic mechanisms for profiling of acetylated proteins in diverse cell types. Mass spectrometry analysis of the enriched 4-pentynoate-labeled proteins revealed many reported as well as new candidate acetylated proteins from Jurkat T cells and specific sites of lysine acetylation. The bioorthogonal chemical reporters described here should serve as powerful tools for investigating protein acetylation.
Research on Aviation Hub from Perspective of Flight Take-off and Landing Waveforms (2018)

To build and form a large-scale hub airport with important international and regional influence is an important symbol for China to step into the group of civil aviation powers. An in-depth analysis was performed centering on the core function of hub airports — flight connection. Flight take-off and landing waveforms at typical hub airports in the world were collected, sorted and studied to make a comparison with domestic airports. Finally, the reasons that affect the operation of hub airports were analyzed from six aspects, including geographic location, flight time resources, resident airlines, on-time performance, transfer facilities and process services, and policy guidance.
Competing antiferroelectric and ferroelectric interactions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Na</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Neutron diffraction and theoretical studies (2007)

Neutron diffraction studies using powder samples have been used to understand the complex sequence of low temperature phase transitions of $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ in the temperature range from $12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}350\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Detailed Rietveld analysis of the diffraction data reveals that the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition occurs on cooling around $73\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, while the reverse ferroelectric to antiferroelectric transition occurs on heating at $245\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. However, the former transformation is not complete until it reaches $12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and there is unambiguous evidence for the presence of the ferroelectric $R3c$ phase coexisting with an antiferroelectic phase $(Pbcm)$ over a wide range of temperatures. The coexisting phases and reported anomalous smearing of the dielectric response akin to dipole glasses and relaxors observed in the same temperature range are consistent with competing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric interactions in $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We have carried out theoretical lattice dynamical calculations which reveal that the free energies of the antiferroelectric $Pbcm$ and ferroelectric $R3c$ phases are nearly identical over a wide range of temperature. The small energy difference between the two phases is of interest as it explains the observed coexistence of these phases over a wide range of temperature. The computed double well depths and energy barriers from paraelectric $Pm\overline{3}m$ to antiferroelectric $Pbcm$ and ferroelectric $R3c$ phases in $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are also quite similar, although the ferroelectric $R3c$ phase has a slightly lower energy.
Fully Organic Nanocomposites with High Thermoelectric Power Factors by using a Dual‐Stabilizer Preparation (2013)

Abstract The thermoelectric properties of fully organic nanocomposites were investigated, for which meso ‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were used as instrinically conductive and semiconducting stabilizers, respectively. The electrical conductivity ( σ ) of these dual‐stabilizer organic composites increased to approximately 9500 S m −1 as the concentrations of both the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and PEDOT:PSS were increased. The thermopower (or Seebeck coefficient, S ) and thermal conductivity, however, remained relatively unaffected by the increase in concentration (≈40 μV K −1 and ≈0.12 W m −1 K −1 , respectively). Replacing MWNTs with double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) increased σ and S to approximately 96 000 S m −1 and 70 μV K −1 , respectively, at 40 wt % DWNTs. This study suggests that σ and S can be simultaneously tailored by using multiple stabilizing agents to affect the transport properties of the junctions between nanotubes. Combining semiconducting and intrinsically conductive molecules as CNT‐stabilizers has led to a power factor that is among the best for a completely organic, free‐standing film (≈500 μW m −1 K −2 ). These flexible, segregated‐network nanocomposites now exhibit properties that rival the more conventional inorganic semiconductors, particularly when normalized by the mass.
Beam Transmission Of Ultra Short Waves (1997)

Part I of this paper is devoted to a description of various experiments performed at wavelengths below 200 cm. Curves are given to show the effect of the earth and various types of inductively excited antennas called wave directors. Part I is concluded with a discussion of beam and horizontally polarized radiation. Part II is devoted chiefly to the magnetron tubes used for the production of very short wavelengths (as low as 12 cm) and the circuit arrangements employed. It is shown that the geometry of the tube and its external connections are of great importance. The effect of variation of plate voltage, magnetic field strength and other factors on the high-frequency output, is described.
Probabilistic induction of decision trees and disjunctive normal forms (2002)

The authors develop a theory for general decision tree induction based on both the logical structure of concepts and the probability distribution of examples. The discrete function is the common analytic representation of decision trees and decision tables (rules). One of the most important classes of discrete functions is the disjunctive normal forms (DNF). Disjunctiveness of concepts has a great effect on the accuracy and speed of concept learning. A theory for general decision trees is developed based on Shannon's expansion of the discrete DNF. The function-equivalence, the structural manipulations, and irreducible DNFs and trees are studied. For optimizing decision trees in the context of induction, the functional and structural criteria are investigated.
Isolation of Salmonella strains from reptile faeces and comparison of different culture media (2004)

This paper provides epidemiological data on the prevalence of Salmonella and laboratory protocols useful for isolation of Salmonella from faeces of reptiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Doped Sodium Aluminum Hydrides as Potential New Hydrogen Storage Materials (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Understanding and exploiting <i>hTERT</i> promoter regulation for diagnosis and treatment of human cancers (2008)

Telomerase activation is a critical step for human carcinogenesis through the maintenance of telomeres, but the activation mechanism during carcinogenesis remains unclear. Transcriptional regulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is the major mechanism for cancer-specific activation of telomerase, and a number of factors have been identified to directly or indirectly regulate the hTERT promoter, including cellular transcriptional activators (c-Myc, Sp1, HIF-1, AP2, ER, Ets, etc.) as well as the repressors, most of which comprise tumor suppressor gene products, such as p53, WT1, and Menin. Nevertheless, none of them can clearly account for the cancer specificity of hTERT expression. The chromatin structure via the DNA methylation or modulation of nucleosome histones has recently been suggested to be important for regulation of the hTERT promoter. DNA unmethylation or histone methylation around the transcription start site of the hTERT promoter triggers the recruitment of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, allowing hTERT transcription. These facts prompted us to apply these regulatory mechanisms to cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Telomerase-specific replicative adenovirus (Telomelysin, OBP-301), in which E1A and E1B genes are driven by the hTERT promoter, has been developed as an oncolytic virus that replicates specifically in cancer cells and causes cell death via viral toxicity. Direct administration of Telomelysin was proved to effectively eradicate solid tumors in vivo, without apparent adverse effects. Clinical trials using Telomelysin for cancer patients with progressive stages are currently ongoing. Furthermore, we incorporated green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) into Telomelysin (TelomeScan, OBP-401). Administration of TelomeScan into the primary tumor enabled the visualization of cancer cells under the cooled charged-coupled device (CCD) camera, not only in primary tumors but also the metastatic foci. This technology can be applied to intraoperative imaging of metastatic lymphnodes. Thus, we found novel tools for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics by utilizing the hTERT promoter.
The use of interleaving to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio of an OFDM signal (2002)

An interleaver based technique for improving the peak-to-average power ratio (PAP) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is presented. For this technique, K-1 random interleavers are used to produce K-1 permuted sequences from the same information sequence. PAPs of the permuted sequences and the original information sequence are then computed using K oversampled FFTs (OFFTs). The sequence with the lowest PAP is chosen for transmission. The complementary cumulative density function (CCDF), of PAP of an interleaved OFDM signal is observed. Results show that for 256 subcarriers and QPSK data symbols, even with K=2, the 0.1% CCDF is reduced by 1.3 dB and with K=4, is reduced by 2 dB. The 0.1% CCDF can be reduced by 3 dB and 0.01% CCDF by 4 dB at a cost of 16 OFFTs and a data rate loss of less than 0.8% with K-16. Further statistical improvement for the PAP is obtained by combining this approach and the partial transmit sequence (PTS) approach. This paper also proposes an adaptive approach to reduce the complexity of the interleaving technique.
Missense Mutations That Cause Bruck Syndrome Affect Enzymatic Activity, Folding, and Oligomerization of Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 (2009)

Bruck syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones, joint contractures, scoliosis, and osteoporosis. The telopeptides of bone collagen I are underhydroxylated in these patients, leading to abnormal collagen cross-linking. Three point mutations in lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2, the enzyme responsible for the hydroxylation of collagen telopeptides, have been identified in Bruck syndrome. As none of them affects the residues known to be critical for LH activity, we studied their consequences at the molecular level by analyzing the folding and catalytic properties of the corresponding mutant recombinant polypeptides. Folding and oligomerization of the R594H and G597V mutants were abnormal, and their activity was reduced by >95% relative to the wild type. The T604I mutation did not affect the folding properties, although the mutant retained only approximately 8% activity under standard assay conditions. As the reduced activity was caused by a 10-fold increase in the K(m) for 2-oxoglutarate, the mutation interferes with binding of this cosubstrate. In the presence of a saturating 2-oxoglutarate concentration, the activity of the T604I mutant was approximately 30% of that of the wild type. However, the T604I mutant did not generate detectable amounts of hydroxylysine in the N-terminal telopeptide of a recombinant procollagen I chain when coexpressed in insect cells. The low activity of the mutant LH2 polypeptides is in accordance with the markedly reduced extent of collagen telopeptide hydroxylation in Bruck syndrome, with consequent changes in the cross-linking of collagen fibrils and severe abnormalities in the skeletal structures.
Distillation equilibrium data (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTDistillation equilibrium dataM. Van Winkle Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 4, 234Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1951Published inissue 1 April 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ed028p234.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (859 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts