gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral blood flow during normocapnic hyperoxia in the unanesthetized pony (1980)

The effect of hyperoxia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in 12 unanesthetized ponies. CBF was determined using radioactive microspheres, 15 micrometer in diam, durijng inspriation of the following gases: 1) room air (control); 2) 40% I2 in N2; and 3) approximately 100% O2 with 2.2-4.5% CO2 added to maintain isocapnia. CBF did not change from control values during either level of hyperoxia. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) increased during 40% O2 (delta 1.0 Torr) and approximately 100% O2 (delta 2.9 Torr). This rise in CSF PCO2, not due to a change in CBF, may have resulted from a decrease in the CO2 carrying capacity of cerebral venous blood during hyperoxia (Haldane effect). Although respiration did not change during 40% O2, expired minute volume increased 25% during approximately 100% O2 due to an increase in tidal volume. This rise in respiration was not associated with changes in any of the conventional stimuli to breathing (arterial pH, O2 tension, or PCO2 or CSF pH). One possible explanation was that cerebral extracellular fluid pH, in the vicinity of the central chemoreceptors, or cerebral intracellular fluid pH changed in a direction unlike CSF pH. An alternate explanation was that the CO2 in the inspired gas activated CO2-sensitive receptors in the lungs.
High‐efficiency, 6.6–29 V pulse driver using charge redistribution (2018)

Fully integrated high‐voltage pulse driver with low voltage supplies and low voltage switching signals is described. Using charge redistribution for the output drive significantly reduces switching losses in the load capacitors even with the high‐voltage output swing. The proposed circuit implemented with 0.18 µm HV LDMOS technology achieves 24–55% efficiency improvement for 20 k–1 MHz 29 V pulse generation with 1.2 and 3.3 V supply voltage.
Depth from Defocus in the Wild (2017)

We consider the problem of two-frame depth from defocus in conditions unsuitable for existing methods yet typical of everyday photography: a non-stationary scene, a handheld cellphone camera, a small aperture, and sparse scene texture. The key idea of our approach is to combine local estimation of depth and flow in very small patches with a global analysis of image content-3D surfaces, deformations, figure-ground relations, textures. To enable local estimation we (1) derive novel defocus-equalization filters that induce brightness constancy across frames and (2) impose a tight upper bound on defocus blur-just three pixels in radius-by appropriately refocusing the camera for the second input frame. For global analysis we use a novel splinebased scene representation that can propagate depth and flow across large irregularly-shaped regions. Our experiments show that this combination preserves sharp boundaries and yields good depth and flow maps in the face of significant noise, non-rigidity, and data sparsity.
Tree-Structured Classification Via Generalized Discriminant Analysis: Rejoinder (1988)

Wei-Yin Loh, Nunta Vanichsetakul, Tree-Structured Classification Via Generalized Discriminant Analysis: Rejoinder, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 83, No. 403 (Sep., 1988), p. 728
Botulinum toxins in neurological disease (2004)

Botulinum toxins are among the most potent neurotoxins known to humans. In the past 25 years, botulinum toxin has emerged as both a potential weapon of bioterrorism and as a powerful therapeutic agent, with growing applications in neurological and non-neurological disease. Botulinum toxin is unique in its ability to target peripheral cholinergic neurons, preventing the release of acetylcholine through the enzymatic cleavage of proteins involved in membrane fusion, without prominent central nervous system effects. There are seven serotypes of the toxin, each with a specific activity at the molecular level. Currently, serotypes A (in two preparations) and B are available for clinical use, and have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of dystonia, spasticity, and other disorders in which muscle overactivity gives rise to symptoms. This review focuses on the pharmacology, electrophysiology, immunology, and application of botulinum toxin in selected neurological disorders.
The depsipeptide method for solid‐phase synthesis of difficult peptides (2010)

After about one century of peptide chemistry, the main limitation to the accessibility of peptides and proteins via chemosynthesis is the arising of folding and aggregation phenomena. This is true not only for sequences above a critical length but also for several biologically relevant substrates that are relatively short yet form either highly folded structures (e.g. WW domains) or fibrils and aggregates after final deprotection (beta-amyloid peptide). Such so-called difficult sequences may be more easily obtained via their corresponding depsipeptides (O-acyl isopeptides), ester isomers that are often easier to assemble and purify, and are smoothly converted to the parent amides under mild conditions. The depsipeptide method is the most recent technique to improve the outcome of difficult syntheses, applicable to sequences containing residues of serine or threonine. A brief overview is presented about chemical aspects of the method, the steps that have been undertaken for its optimization, and the evaluation of its efficiency. Further applications of analogous principles to other critical topics in peptide synthesis such as condensation of peptide segments and solid-phase synthesis of naturally occurring cyclodepsipeptides are addressed as well.
Engineering the Mucus Barrier (2018)

Mucus selectively controls the transport of molecules, particulate matter, and microorganisms to the underlying epithelial layer. It may be desirable to weaken the mucus barrier to enable effective delivery of drug carriers. Alternatively, the mucus barrier can be strengthened to prevent epithelial interaction with pathogenic microbes or other exogenous materials. The dynamic mucus layer can undergo changes in structure (e.g., pore size) and/or composition (e.g., protein concentrations, mucin glycosylation) in response to stimuli that occur naturally or are purposely administered, thus altering its barrier function. This review outlines mechanisms by which mucus provides a selective barrier and methods to engineer the mucus layer from the perspective of strengthening or weakening its barrier properties. In addition, we discuss strategic design of drug carriers and dosing formulation properties for efficient delivery across the mucus barrier.
Natural variation of the nef gene in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in Portugal (2003)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infections cause severe immunodeficiency in humans, although HIV-2 is associated frequently with reduced virulence and pathogenicity compared to HIV-1. Genetic determinants that play a role in HIV pathogenesis are relatively poorly understood but nef has been implicated in inducing a more pathogenic phenotype in vivo. However, relatively little is known about the role of nef in HIV-2 pathogenesis. To address this, the genetic composition of 44 nef alleles from 37 HIV-2-infected individuals in Portugal, encompassing a wide spectrum of disease associations, CD4 counts and virus load, has been assessed. All nef alleles were subtype A, with no evidence of gross deletions, truncations or disruptions in the nef-encoding sequence; all were full-length and intact. HIV-2 long terminal repeat sequences were conserved and also indicated subtype A infections. Detailed analysis of motifs that mediate nef function in HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus, such as CD4 downregulation and putative SH2/SH3 interactions, revealed significant natural variation. In particular, the central P(104)xxPLR motif exhibited wide interpatient variation, ranging from an HIV-1-like tetra-proline structure (PxxP)(3) to a disrupted minimal core motif (P(104)xxQLR). The P(107)-->Q substitution was associated with an asymptomatic phenotype (Fisher's exact test, P=0.026) and low virus loads. These data indicate that discrete differences in the nef gene sequence rather than gross structural changes are more likely to play a role in HIV-2 pathogenesis mediated via specific functional interactions.
Novel Diacetylene- and Chromophore-Containing Polymers and their Second Order Nonlinear Optical Properties (2002)

Several new polymers, which contain diacetylene groups in the main chains and polar chromophores in the side chains were synthesized and characterized. The polymers gave films with excellent optical quality by spin coating or casting due to their amorphous nature. The SHG measurements showed that the main chains have very important role to determine the second order nonlinear properties. For example the polymers having para benzoates chains had much higher SHG values than meta benzoate chains and pentynoic chains. Some of these polymers demonstrated very high SHG values, and this is probably because their extremely high order parameters, which is around 0.5-0.6.
Low-noise magnetic-flux sensors based on the extraordinary magnetoresistance effect (2004)

We report noise measurements on Au–InAs hybrid structures involving a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system. Such structures show the extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) effect. We find excellent noise performance at room temperature close to the Johnson noise, which is in particular important for a technical application. At 4.2 K and in a magnetic field of about 1 T the nonoptimized EMR device is found to exhibit a low magnetic flux noise, offering the perspective of sensor applications also in a high magnetic field and at cryogenic temperature.
Comparison of time-decay of read-back signals in keepered and non-keepered media (1998)

Soft sendust keeper layer has been sputtered on top of longitudinal thin film media which has an M/sub r/t value of 0.49 memu/cm/sup 2/. Measurements of time-decay in both keepered and non-keepered longitudinal thin film media have been performed on a spin-stand tester. Experimental results showed that time-decay is larger in tested media which has lower M/sub r/t values compared to those that have a larger M/sub r/t of 1.26 memu/cm/sup 2/. A 50 /spl Aring/ thick sendust keepered media has about half the decay rate compared to its non-keepered counterpart (M/sub r/t=0.49 memu/cm/sup 2/) at a recording density of 6000 fr/mm. Also, it was found that time-decay in 100 /spl Aring/ and 150 /spl Aring/ thick keepered media is less than that in a 50 /spl Aring/ keeper media.
Electric field‐induced orientation of rat hippocampal neurones in vitro (1992)

Rat hippocampal neurones in primary culture exhibited directional growth in response to DC electric fields. Neurites lay perpendicular to the field after exposure to 28, 80 or 219 mV/mm but there was no orientation effect at 9 mV/mm or in unexposed control cultures. Fields that evoked perpendicular responses also reduced the number of cathode-facing neurites. Orientation was the same for neurite initiation sites and the direction of overall neurite growth.
Experiments in computer-aided graphic expression (1978)

This paper presents a series of graphic design experiments using an experimental colour graphic display system. Design principles and capabilities of the system are discussed from a graphic designer's point of view. The system allows a designer to choose freely among 128 different colours, various form modes, and collage capabilities, including image mixing. The designer need be neither a programmer nor one who understands the technical aspects of the system to use it creatively. Experimental results are shown visually here, some of which have been used as cover designs for IBM publications.
Advanced PRML data detector for high-density recording (2004)

An advanced PRML data recovery system is presented for a high-density recording. The system consists of three major hardware units, which are DC offset compensator, adaptive equalizer, and Viterbi detector with level adaptation scheme. The experiment based on an improved PRML scheme and FPGA hardware realization shows highly reliable performance of data detection up to 35GB recording density. The SER experiment result for 35GB shows that the detector using the proposed PRML yields a result to meet the SER limit of 4.0x10<sup>-3</sup> with a margin of 0.45° for tangential and 0.55° for radial tilt. And the base SER marks 7.0x10<sup>-5</sup> when there is no tangential and radial tilt error.
The Genus Sphaerellopsis in Indiana (1961)

A new alga was recorded for Marion County in the State of Indiana in May, 1960, when a sample of water from a small fish pond on the property of Professor William Cupp, near the Butler University campus, was found to contain a large number of individuals of Sphaerellopsis fluviatilis Pascher. No previous report of the occurrence of this genus in Indiana is listed in the flora records of the state.
An integrated computer-aided process planning system for injection mold manufacturing (2002)

This paper describes the development of a semi-generative CAPP system for a mold production department that designs and manufactures injection molds of plastic components. The CAPP system is based on part coding and decision trees and aims to provide integration between the CAD, CAM, production planning and shop floor control systems in the facility.
Reappraisal of H<sub>2</sub>S/sulfide concentration in vertebrate blood and its potential significance in ischemic preconditioning and vascular signaling (2008)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is rapidly emerging as a biologically significant signaling molecule. Studies published before 2000 report low or undetectable H(2)S (usually as total sulfide) levels in blood or plasma, whereas recent work has reported sulfide concentrations between 10 and 300 microM, suggesting it acts as a circulating signal. In the first series of experiments, we used a recently developed polarographic sensor to measure the baseline level of endogenous H(2)S gas and turnover of exogenous H(2)S gas in real time in blood from numerous animals, including lamprey, trout, mouse, rat, pig, and cow. We found that, contrary to recent reports, H(2)S gas was essentially undetectable (<100 nM total sulfide) in all animals. Furthermore, exogenous sulfide was rapidly removed from blood, plasma, or 5% bovine serum albumin in vitro and from intact trout in vivo. To determine if blood H(2)S could transiently increase, we measured oxygen-dependent H(2)S production by trout hearts in vitro and in vivo. H(2)S has been shown to mediate ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in mammals. IPC is present in trout and, unlike mammals, the trout myocardium obtains its oxygen from relatively hypoxic systemic venous blood. In vitro, myocardial H(2)S production was inversely related to Po(2), whereas we failed to detect H(2)S in ventral aortic blood from either normoxic or hypoxic fish in vivo. These results provide an autocrine or paracrine mechanism for myocardial coupling of hypoxia to H(2)S in IPC, i.e., oxygen sensing, but they fail to provide any evidence that H(2)S signaling is mediated by the circulation.
[The handicapped and dental therapy. Personal experience]. (1989)

Problems binded with dental treatment of handicapped patients and analysis of data obtained in ten years of experiences have been pointed out. The preventive role of oral hygiene, the role of narcosis in treatments and structural lacks come out from this analysis.
Comparison of the Number of IL–4 and IFN–7 Secreting Cells in Response to the Malaria Vaccine Candidate Antigen Pf155/RESA in Two Groups of Naturally Primed Individuals Living in a Malaria Endemic Area in Burkina Faso (1995)

The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay was used to enumerate the number of IFN-gamma and IL-4 producing cells after in vitro stimulation with a highly purified recombinant malaria vaccine candidate antigen (r-Pf155/RESA) or synthetic peptides corresponding to its major T-cell epitopes. Two groups of naturally primed individuals living in rural areas of Burkina Faso were studied. The donors comprised one group of healthy (non-parasitemic) mainly adult people and one parasitemic mainly younger people. IL-4 producing cells were detected in response to PHA but no such cells were detected in response to the malarial antigens. The most frequent IFN-gamma responses were seen with r-Pf155/RESA. Thus, after stimulation with this antigen 52% of the donors responded positively in the ELISPOT assay, while only 17% responded to the synthetic peptides, suggesting that the rPf155/RESA contained T-cell epitopes not covered by the peptides used in this study. The number of IFN-gamma producing cells in response to the malarial antigens did not differ between the two groups. However, IFN-gamma levels found in sera from the parasitemic individuals were significantly higher than in those from healthy donors. This latter finding and the lack of differences seen in the number of IFN-gamma producing spots in the two groups indicate that IFN-gamma producing cells may have sequestered to other organs in the parasitemic group.
Indexes to Magazines and Periodicals (1938)

Journal Article Indexes to Magazines and Periodicals Get access X. Y. Z. X. Y. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 175, Issue 11, 10 September 1938, Page 190, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/175.11.190f Published: 10 September 1938
Efficient conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a common Lewis acid SnCl4 in an ionic liquid (2009)

The common Lewis acid SnCl4 could efficiently convert glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMim]BF4). New evidence indicated that the formation of the five-membered-ring chelate complex of the Sn atom and glucose may play a key role for the formation of HMF, and the mechanism for the reaction was proposed. In addition, the [EMim]BF4/SnCl4 system was also suitable for the conversion of fructose, sucrose, inulin, cellobiose and starch.
Disease-causing mutations in Parkin impair mitochondrial ubiquitination, aggregation, and HDAC6-dependent mitophagy (2010)

Mutations in parkin, a ubiquitin ligase, cause early-onset familial Parkinson's disease (AR-JP). How parkin suppresses parkinsonism remains unknown. Parkin was recently shown to promote the clearance of impaired mitochondria by autophagy, termed mitophagy. Here, we show that parkin promotes mitophagy by catalyzing mitochondrial ubiquitination, which in turn recruits ubiquitin-binding autophagic components, HDAC6 and p62, leading to mitochondrial clearance. During the process, juxtanuclear mitochondrial aggregates resembling a protein aggregate-induced aggresome are formed. The formation of these "mito-aggresome" structures requires microtubule motor-dependent transport and is essential for efficient mitophagy. Importantly, we show that AR-JP-causing parkin mutations are defective in supporting mitophagy due to distinct defects at recognition, transportation, or ubiquitination of impaired mitochondria, thereby implicating mitophagy defects in the development of parkinsonism. Our results show that impaired mitochondria and protein aggregates are processed by common ubiquitin-selective autophagy machinery connected to the aggresomal pathway, thus identifying a mechanistic basis for the prevalence of these toxic entities in Parkinson's disease.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Pakistan (2008)

Over the past two decades, there has been a striking increase in the number of people with metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies due to lack of an internationally agreed upon definition. Considering the increased cardiovascular risk among Asian people, a lower cutoff for waist circumference is defined. Obesity in terms of waist circumference is found to be 46-68% of the Pakistani population, with a strong association found between arm fat and insulin insensitivity. In studying dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia is found in 27-54% of the population, whereas 68-81% have low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Fifty percent were found to be at high risk of metabolic syndrome and as being hypertensive. With the high prevalence of all of these metabolic risk factors, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Pakistan according to different definitions is reported to be from 18% to 46%, comparable to the data from other South Asian countries. Thus, metabolic syndrome should be considered as a prime target for preventive medicine. The primary management goals for metabolic syndrome are to reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Lifestyle-related risk factors are associated with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Unless preventive programs are properly designed and implemented, we will continue to treat the majority of the cases after they have already developed the complications. A prospective primary prevention study is underway in Pakistan that will help to create a base for public awareness strategies and nationwide surveillance and prevention programs against noncommunicable diseases.
Predictors of Single-Gland vs Multigland Parathyroid Disease in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2006)

Preoperative biochemical and imaging study results reliably distinguished single-gland vs multigland parathyroid disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. Our findings suggest that patients with a score of 3 or higher can undergo a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy without the routine use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone or additional imaging studies, and those with a score of less than 3 should have additional testing to ensure that multigland disease is not overlooked.
Local, sustainable, small-scale cellular networks (2013)

Over five billion people are active cellular subscribers, spending over a trillion dollars a year on communications. Despite this, hundreds of millions of people are still not connected.
Silicon as a microwave substrate (2002)

Silicon has many advantages as a microwave substrate material including low cost and a mature technology. The lower resistivity of Si (/spl ap/10 k /spl Omega/-cm) compared to GaAs (/spl ap/10 M /spl Omega/-cm) is perceived as a major disadvantage. In this paper, we present measured and simulated results demonstrating that the losses of a coplanar transmission line (CPW) realized on silicon substrates are comparable to the losses of a CPW realized on a GaAs substrate with insulators. The loss mechanisms of Si and GaAs substrates used for microwave applications are analyzed using both microwave and semiconductor physics theory. A high resistivity Si substrate can be used both as a microwave substrate and an active element carrier permitting further integration at low cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Full Liquid Diet (2013)

Patients not ready for a regular diet due to elective or emergent procedures or who experience irregularity in gastrointestinal function, dysphagia, a transition from prolonged fasted periods, etc., are typically placed on a restrictive diet. Dietary restrictions can be as restrictive as no food or liquids allowed by mouth, which may increase in a stepwise fashion until reaching regular nutrition. One step in that progression is a full liquid diet. A patient prescribed a full liquid diet follows a specific diet type requiring all liquids and semi-liquids but no forms of solid intake. Unlike a clear liquid diet, which includes only liquids and semi-liquids that are non-opaque, a full liquid diet is more inclusive, as it allows all types of liquids.