gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Material and process studies in the integration of plasma-promoted chemical-vapor deposition of aluminum with benzocyclobutene low-dielectric constant polymer (2000)

The integration of low-temperature plasma-promoted chemical-vapor deposition (PPCVD) of aluminum, using dimethylethylamine-alane (DMEAA) as the source precursor, with benzocyclobutene (BCB) low-k polymers has been investigated to explore the feasibility of BCB-based Al metallization for sub-quarter-micron integrated circuitry. The study examined the thermal, chemical, and structural compatibility of PPCVD Al interconnects with the BCB polymer, including the feasibility of barrierless aluminum–BCB multilevel metallization stacks. Studies were conducted on a range of BCB surfaces, consisting of untreated (UNT), reactive-ion etched (RIE), and SiO2-capped BCB (SiO2–BCB) surfaces. The purpose was to mimic the actual BCB surfaces encountered during damascene processing. Each BCB surface was treated with argon or hydrogen plasma prior to aluminum processing to ensure reduction in the barrier to aluminum formation, leading potentially to enhanced Al nucleation mechanisms. In all cases, the direct deposition of Al on BCB films via PPCVD was successfully demonstrated, with the RIE-BCB substrate providing the best Al nucleation characteristics. Compositional analyses of the Al films indicated that carbon and nitrogen contaminants, which could have resulted from the dissociation reaction of the DMEAA molecule, were below the detection limits of the techniques used. Alternatively, oxygen inclusion was highly dependent on the chemical state and type of plasma treatment of the BCB surface, with only the PPCVD Al on plasma pretreated RIE BCB exhibiting bulk oxygen levels below the detection limits of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxygen incorporation in the PPCVD Al films on UNT BCB and SiO2–BCB could be attributed to the diffusion of oxygen through intergranular voids upon air exposure, resulting in increased Al film resistivity. In all cases, the study indicated that an appropriate diffusion barrier/adhesion promoter is required to ensure viable BCB integration in Al metallization schemes.
Ethylene Trimerization with Mixed-Donor Ligand (N,P,S) Chromium Complexes:  Effect of Ligand Structure on Activity and Selectivity (2005)

Methylaluminoxane (MAO)-activated chromium(III) complexes of tridentate PNP and SNS ligands of the form (R2PCH2CH2)2NR‘ (R = alkyl, aryl; R‘ = H, Me, benzyl) and (RSCH2CH2)2NH (R = alkyl) have been prepared and tested for the trimerization of ethylene to 1-hexene. The effect of P or S donor substitution, nitrogen substitution, and chelate ring size has been examined. Sterically compact and basic P or S groups lead to the highest activities and selectivities, while a secondary amine central donor is crucial for high activity, raising the possibility that deprotonation of this group occurs during catalyst formation. Expanding the chelate ring size by introduction of a propyl spacer on one side of the SNS ligand gives EtSC3H6N(H)C2H4SEt, which leads to a trimerization catalyst with lower activity. The scope of S-donor-based ligands for ethylene trimerization was further studied by preparing and testing PSP and SPS tridentates of CrIII. These complexes give rise to active oligomerization systems that give product distributions characteristic of both linear chain growth and selective trimerization.
Susceptibility to merocyanine 540‐mediated photosensitization: A differentiation marker on murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (1983)

Merocyanine 540 (MC 540) is an impermeant fluorescent dye that binds preferentially to fluidlike domains of the cell membrane. Photoexcitation of membrane-bound dye causes a breakdown of the normal permeability properties of the membrane and, eventually, cell death. We have used in vitro and in vivo clonal assays to determine the relative sensitivities of different classes of normal murine hematopoietic progenitor cells to MC 540-mediated photosensitization. Late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) were the most sensitive cells, followed in order of decreasing sensitivity by early erythroid progenitors (BFU-E), megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-Meg), day 7-spleen colony forming cells (day 7-CFU-S), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and day 11-spleen colony forming cells (day 11-CFU-S). Bipotent progenitors of the granulocyte/macrophage lineage were more sensitive than unipotent macrophage progenitors but less sensitive than unipotent granulocyte progenitors. Progenitors giving rise to large granulocyte/macrophage colonies were more sensitive than progenitors giving rise to small colonies ("clusters"). We conclude that sensitivity to MC 540-mediated photosensitization is develop-mentally regulated and that differences occur even between the most closely related classes of progenitor cells. Our findings indicate the usefulness of MC 540 as a plasma membrane probe. They also support the contention that early and late-appearing spleen colonies are the progeny of two distinct classes of progenitor cells.
Optical fibers with mid and high temperature coatings for harsh environment applications (2010)

One of the fastest growing application areas for optical fiber is for use in sensing applications in harsh environments. The designation of harsh environment includes temperatures above 85C, hydrogen atmosphere, tight bending radii, radiation, chemically aggressive environments, etc. Actual operating environments may include a combination of several of the above listed factors. Fibers deployed in a harsh environment require specialized design of both the optical fibers and cabling to ensure long term, reliable operation. Optical fiber development for harsh environment operation includes both glass and coating material development. Glass development includes changes to the core and cladding composition and refractive index profile design changes. Coating development includes material changes to improve the thermal characteristics.
Effect of testing temperature on internal egg quality measurements (2006)

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of egg testing temperature on quality measurements of shell eggs. The quality measurements compared included 3 Haugh unit (HU) devices (electronic Haugh, tripod Haugh, and Haugh meter), egg weight, albumen height, albumen width, albumen index, yolk width, yolk height, yolk index, percentage of thin albumen, and vitelline membrane strength at 3 temperatures of 5, 13, and 23 degrees C from 2 strains of laying hens (Hyline W36 and Bovans White) at 2 storage times. The HU measurements averaged 72.44 at time zero and 59.99 at 7 wk. At 7 wk for all devices, HU values decreased 6 units with increased temperature (P < 0.05). The electronic Haugh and tripod Haugh devices gave equal measurements for all testing conditions. The Haugh meter gave equal values at 5 degrees C for fresh eggs but lower HU at higher temperatures and 7 wk storage. Thus, it is recommended that egg testing temperature be reported when HU are measured. Coefficient of variation generally increased for all HU methods with increasing temperature. Although there was a proportionately different amount of thin albumen detected between the strains of laying hens, no significant difference was seen in HU. From the evaluated methods for measuring quality, the electronic Haugh, which electronically measures albumen height and calculates HU, provided the lowest coefficient of variation, was sensitive to quality loss, and gave the highest quality measurement (5 degrees C).
Software quality economics for defect-detection techniques using failure prediction (2005)

Defect-detection techniques, like reviews or tests, are still the prevalent method to assure the quality of software. However, the economics behind those techniques are not fully understood. It is not always obvious when and for how long to use which technique. A cost model for defect-detection techniques is proposed that uses a reliability model and expert opinion for cost estimations and predictions. It is detailed enough to allow fine-grained estimates but also can be used with different defect-detection techniques not only testing. An application of the model is shown using partly data from an industrial project.
On the Observed Rate of Convergence of an Iterative Method Applied to a Model Elliptic Difference Equation (1978)

A proof is given of the fact that the rate of convergence of a multiple grid type of algorithm is $O({h^{1/2}})$ in the case of a model elliptic difference equation.
Development of a Novel System for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fucosylation in Plasma<i>α</i><sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein (2013)

Human plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from cancer patients and healthy volunteers was purified by sequential application of ion-exchange columns, and N-linked glycans enzymatically released from AGP were labeled and applied to a mass spectrometer. Additionally, a novel software system for use in combination with a mass spectrometer to determine N-linked glycans in AGP was developed. A database with 607 glycans including 453 different glycan structures that were theoretically predicted to be present in AGP was prepared for designing the software called AGPAS. This AGPAS was applied to determine relative abundance of each glycan in the AGP molecules based on mass spectra. It was found that the relative abundance of fucosylated glycans in tri- and tetra-antennary structures (FUCAGP) was significantly higher in cancer patients as compared with the healthy group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, extremely elevated levels of FUCAGP were found specifically in patients with a poor prognosis but not in patients with a good prognosis. In conclusion, the present software system allowed rapid determination of the primary structures of AGP glycans. The fucosylated glycans as novel tumor markers have clinical relevance in the diagnosis and assessment of cancer progression as well as patient prognosis.
Verapamil: its potential for causing serious complications in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (1981)

Verapamil is extremely effective in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the basic physiologic actions of the drug may lead to serious adverse effects. An appreciation of this and an understanding of when these adverse effects are most likely to occur will minimize the potential of verapamil to cause serious complications in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
A new procedure for decoding cyclic and BCH codes up to actual minimum distance (1994)

The paper presents a new procedure for decoding cyclic and BCH codes up to their actual minimum distance. It generalizes the Peterson decoding procedure and the procedure of Feng and Tzeng (1991) using nonrecurrent syndrome dependence relations. For a code with actual minimum distance d to correct up to t=[(d-1)/2] errors, the procedure requires a (2t+1)/spl times/(2t+1) syndrome matrix with known syndromes above the minor diagonal and unknown syndromes and their conjugates on the minor diagonal. In contrast to previous procedures, this procedure is primarily aimed at solving for the unknown syndromes instead of determining an error-locator polynomial. Decoding is then accomplished by determining the error vector as the inverse Fourier transform of the syndrome vector (S/sub 0/, S/sub 1/, S/sub n-1/). The authors show that with this procedure, all binary cyclic and BCH codes of length <63 (with one exception) can be decoded up to their actual minimum distance. The procedure incorporates an extension of their fundamental iterative algorithm and a majority scheme for confirming the true values computed for the unknown syndromes. The complexity of this decoding procedure is O(n/sup 3/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genesis of the P wave: Atrial signals as generated by the equivalent double layer source model (2005)

The equivalent double layer is a useful source model for the genesis of atrial signals observed on the thorax. The interval from the end of the P wave to onset of QRS is not iso-electric. The Courtemanche model of the ion-kinetics of atrial cells needs to be adapted when applied to represent the activity of healthy, 'common' atrial myocytes.
Development of battery management system for cell monitoring and protection (2014)

Battery has an important role as energy storage in electricity system utilization such as in electric vehicle and in smart microgrid system. Battery Management System (BMS) is needed to treat the dynamics of energy storage process in the battery in order to improve the performance and extend the life time of battery. In this paper, BMS cell monitoring and protection has been designed and tested for Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) battery cells. The BMS cell monitoring function has been able to measure the battery parameters such as the voltage and current dynamics of each cell. The data taken from the BMS cell monitoring experiment is used to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of battery which is based on coulomb counting with coulomb efficiency ratios. The BMS cell monitoring function has successfully demonstrated the presence of unbalanced cell voltages during both processes of charging and discharging as well. From the analysis, the existence of capacity and energy fades was also investigated for every discharging and charging cycles. Based on the BMS cell protection experiment results, overcharged and over discharged protections have successfully been demonstrated for the battery cells. The charging process is disabled when the voltage of the corresponding battery cell exceeds its high limit (HLIM) at 3.65V, and the battery will be available for charging when all of the cell voltages are below their boundary limits (CAVL) at 3.3V. The discharging process will be disabled when the battery cell voltage is lower than the corresponding low limit (LLIM) at 2.5 V. The battery will be available again when all battery cell voltages are above their discharge available (DAVL) voltage at 2.8V. The proposed BMS cell monitoring and protection has shown its function as a data acquisition system, safety protection, ability to determine and predict the state of charge of the battery, and ability to control the battery charging and discharging.
A maximal interest-point strategy applied to image enhancement with external priors (2015)

We examine the problem of matching patches of internal and external data. A new patch quality indicator is proposed which aims at maximizing the ratio of the number of points of interest to the area. We prove that the best convex polygon maximizing the indicator is the triangle. Thus data-driven triangle patches are used in the patch-matching algorithm, considerably improving the matching quality. The triangle representation inherently allows affine correction of the patches, thereby increasing the matching probability and enabling a smaller external data-set. We employ this technique for image quality enhancement of low resolution facial data using a data bank of external faces.
Mass-correlated Delayed Extraction in Linear Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers (1997)

Theoretical analysis and model calculations were directed to find a means of extending the Wiley-McLarens principles of velocity focusing to wide range mass spectra. Both the cases of time-profiled single-field and double-field operation modes were considered. High mass accuracy over about a 10-fold ratio of masses at high (M0) and low (m0) ends of spectrum is attainable with a single-field ion source in the case of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). This range ratio increases by a factor of 10 using the double-field operation mode. In the latter case, mass resolution increases at least by a factor of 7 compared with the standard delayed extraction mode in typical MALDI conditions. Application to a combined single-field/double-field operation mode enables the maintenance of accuracy parameters over a mass ratio M0/m0 of about 1000. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometry-Aware Recurrent Neural Networks for Active Visual Recognition (2018)

We present recurrent geometry-aware neural networks that integrate visual information across multiple views of a scene into 3D latent feature tensors, while maintaining an one-to-one mapping between 3D physical locations in the world scene and latent feature locations. Object detection, object segmentation, and 3D reconstruction is then carried out directly using the constructed 3D feature memory, as opposed to any of the input 2D images. The proposed models are equipped with differentiable egomotion-aware feature warping and (learned) depth-aware unprojection operations to achieve geometrically consistent mapping between the features in the input frame and the constructed latent model of the scene. We empirically show the proposed model generalizes much better than geometryunaware LSTM/GRU networks, especially under the presence of multiple objects and cross-object occlusions. Combined with active view selection policies, our model learns to select informative viewpoints to integrate information from by "undoing" cross-object occlusions, seamlessly combining geometry with learning from experience.
A global mapping technique for GPS‐derived ionospheric total electron content measurements (1998)

A worldwide network of receivers tracking the transmissions of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites represents a new source of ionospheric data that is globally distributed and continuously available. We describe a technique for retrieving the global distribution of vertical total electron content (TEC) from GPS‐based measurements. The approach is based on interpolating TEC within triangular tiles that tessellate the ionosphere modeled as a thin spherical shell. The high spatial resolution of pixel‐based methods, where widely separated regions can be retrieved independently of each other, is combined with the efficient retrieval of gradients characteristic of polynomial fitting. TEC predictions from climatological models are incorporated as simulated data to bridge significant gaps between measurements. Time sequences of global TEC maps are formed by incrementally updating the most recent retrieval with the newest data as it becomes available. This Kalman filtering approach smooths the maps in time, and provides time‐resolved covariance information, useful for mapping the formal error of each global TEC retrieval. Preliminary comparisons with independent vertical TEC data, available from the TOPEX dual‐frequency altimeter, suggest that the maps can accurately reproduce spatial and temporal ionospheric variations over latitudes ranging from equatorial to about ±65°.
Effects of combining priming and plant growth regulator treatments on the synchronisation of carrot seed germination (1988)

SUMMARY Osmotic priming of carrot seeds for 2 wk in polyethylene glycol (PEG, — 10 MPa) at 15 °C led to more rapid and synchronous germination at 20 °C compared to untreated seeds. These responses were enhanced by a 24 h pre‐priming soak in water or a change of solution after the first 24 h of priming to remove leachate. The inclusion of 200 mg litre ‐1 N‐substituted phthalimide in the pre‐priming soak and/or in the PEG further enhanced the results of priming. Leachate removal combined with phthalimide inclusion gave 79% and 86% germination from seeds of two carrot cultivars during the first day in 20°C water following priming. In contrast, cumulative germination of untreated seeds of the same cultivars was 18% and 61% respectively after 3 days in 20°C water. Seeds primed in PEG containing 200 mg phthalimide litre ‐1 with the solution replaced after the first 24 h germinated earlier and more synchronously than untreated seeds over a range of germination temperatures (5, 10, 15, or 20°C), but the effects of priming were most marked at 5°C.
[Surgical treatment of rectal cancer]. (1978)

The author presents on analysis of the treatment of pathological patients, admitted to the Chair of Hospital Surgery of Kuibyshev Medical Institute named after D. I. Uljyanov, for a 32-year period. A total number of patients-21.590, 1.702 of them were treated for rectal cancer, and 1.250 fo these (73.4) were radically operated upon. Three basic types of radical surgery performed by the author are described, as well as the method of the postoperative management of the patients (chemotherapy, etc). A survival over 5 years was noted 46.5% and over 10 years in 18.1% of radically operated patients.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Delta-Endotoxin Cry1 Hybrid Proteins with Increased Activity against the Colorado Potato Beetle (2001)

Cry1 delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis are generally active against lepidopteran insects, but Cry1Ba and Cry1Ia have additional, though low, levels of activity against coleopterans such as the Colorado potato beetle. Here we report the construction of Cry1Ba/Cry1Ia hybrid toxins which have increased activities against this insect species.
Honey's Mother's Confession (1999)

You are lying in your bedroom knitting, you say, that night, the night you did it, or you think you did it. You are knitting, knitting away and thinking. Musing, as you put it, just before putting your head down and falling asleep. You are thinking about this and that, putting the day in order in your head. Everything is very quiet. Honey is in her room. She's probably already asleep. Her boy is probably asleep from before her even. You smile as you think of him. Same calm ways as his mother, as your Honey.
Studies on cytochrome P-450 (P-450 17 alpha,lyase) from guinea pig adrenal microsomes. Dual function of a single enzyme and effect of cytochrome b5. (1985)

We have reported (Kominami, S., Shinzawa K. and Takemori, S. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 109, 916-921) that a cytochrome P-450 purified from guinea pig adrenal microsomes shows 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17,20-lyase activities in a reconstituted system with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The homogeneity of the purified cytochrome P-450 was examined with the following methods: isoelectric focusing, immunoelectrophoresis and affinity chromatography on cytochrome b5-immobilized Sepharose. It was found that progesterone competitively inhibited C-17,20-lyase reaction and that progesterone was converted into androstenedione by 17 alpha-hydroxylation followed by the lyase reaction. These results indicate that the dual activities are carried out by a single enzyme (P-450 17 alpha,lyase). P-450 17 alpha,lyase had the maximum activity at pH 6.1 both for 17 alpha-hydroxylation (6.0 nmol/min per nmol of P-450) and the lyase reaction (11.0 nmol/min per nmol of P-450). Upon addition of cytochrome b5 to the reconstituted system, the optimal pH for 17 alpha-hydroxylation was shifted to 7.0 and that of the lyase reaction to 6.6. The maximum activities at these optimal pH values were almost the same in the presence or absence of cytochrome b5. With the addition of cytochrome b5, both the activities were stimulated above pH 6.3-6.5 and were suppressed below pH 6.3-6.5. These results indicate that cytochrome b5 plays some important role in controlling the dual activities of P-450 17alpha,lyase.