gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Newly Synthesized APOBEC3G Is Incorporated into HIV Virions, Inhibited by HIV RNA, and Subsequently Activated by RNase H (2007)

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a potent antiretroviral deoxycytidine deaminase that, when incorporated into HIV virions, hypermutates nascent viral DNA formed during reverse transcription. HIV Vif counters the effect of A3G by depleting intracellular stores of the enzyme, thereby blocking its virion incorporation. Through pulse-chase analyses, we demonstrate that virion A3G is mainly recruited from the cellular pool of newly synthesized enzyme compared to older "mature" A3G already residing in high-molecular-mass RNA-protein complexes. Virion-incorporated A3G forms a large complex with viral genomic RNA that is clearly distinct from cellular HMM A3G complexes, as revealed by both gel filtration and biochemical fractionation. Unexpectedly, the enzymatic activity of virion-incorporated A3G is lost upon its stable association with HIV RNA. The activity of the latent A3G enzyme is ultimately restored during reverse transcription by the action of HIV RNase H. Degradation of the viral genomic RNA by RNase H not only generates the minus-strand DNA substrate targeted by A3G for hypermutation but also removes the inhibitory RNA bound to A3G, thereby enabling its function as a deoxycytidine deaminase. These findings highlight an unexpected interplay between host and virus where initiation of antiviral enzymatic activity is dependent on the action of an essential viral enzyme.
Synthesis of Erythrosin Isothiocyanate and its Use as a Phosphorescent Depolarization Probe for Slow Rotational Mobility of Membrane Proteins (1979)

Conference Article| October 01 1979 Synthesis of Erythrosin Isothiocyanate and its Use as a Phosphorescent Depolarization Probe for Slow Rotational Mobility of Membrane Proteins CHRISTOPHER H. MOORE; CHRISTOPHER H. MOORE 1Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PETER B. GARLAND PETER B. GARLAND 1Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1979) 7 (5): 945–946. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070945 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation CHRISTOPHER H. MOORE, PETER B. GARLAND; Synthesis of Erythrosin Isothiocyanate and its Use as a Phosphorescent Depolarization Probe for Slow Rotational Mobility of Membrane Proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1979; 7 (5): 945–946. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070945 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Investigation of thin Ag/Cu-alloy films on Ru(0001) (1994)

Thin Ag/Cu-alloy films on a Ru(0001) substrate were investigated with respect to the two-dimensional miscibility properties of the two component metals using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), low-energy electron diffraction spectroscopy (LEED), Auger-electron spectroscopy, angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS), and Xe adsorption. The desorption of pure Ag and pure Cu submonolayers from Ru(0001) proceeds with zeroth order kinetics around 1000 and 1200 K, respectively. The Ag-TD spectra from the alloy films show a change from zeroth to first order kinetics as the Cu concentration [ΘAg+ΘCu≤1 ML (monolayer)] increases between 0≤ΘCu≤0.5 ML. TD spectra of adsorbed Xe, in which one clearly can distinguish between submonolayer islands of pure Ag and pure Cu on Ru do not exhibit a distinct heterogeneity in the case of Ag/Cu-alloy films. Instead the desorption peaks shift continuously depending on film composition. Furthermore no Ag induced LEED superstructure typical for pure Ag on Ru(0001) is observed if ΘCu≤0.07 ML is coadsorbed. All the results indicate that Ag is diluted in a Cu matrix, in contrast to the 3D alloy system. Photoemission of adsorbed xenon (PAX) data suggest the formation of densely packed two-dimensional Ag/Cu islands on the Ru(0001) surface. The dispersion of the electronic Ag(4d)- and Cu(3d)-valence bands as derived from ARUPS measurements decreases with decreasing concentration of the respective component again suggesting dilution and increasing interatomic separation between alike atoms. Monte Carlo simulations of the measured Ag-TD spectra yield the lateral interaction parameters, which allows to determine the critical temperature TC, where separation in the Ag/Cu layers should take place. It turns out that TC≤198 K, in agreement with our experimental results.
Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2012)

The number of people with diabetes and pre-diabetes are exponentially increasing. Studies on humans have shown the beneficial effects of Zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes. The present study aims to systematically evaluate the literature and meta-analyze the effects of Zinc supplementation on diabetes. A systematic review of published studies reporting the effects of Zinc supplementations on diabetes mellitus was undertaken. The literature search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus. A meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of Zinc supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with diabetes was performed. The total number of articles included in the present review is 25, which included 3 studies on type-1 diabetes and 22 studies on type-2 diabetes. There were 12 studies comparing the effects of Zinc supplementation on fasting blood glucose in patients with type-2 diabetes. The pooled mean difference in fasting blood glucose between Zinc supplemented and placebo groups was 18.13mg/dl (95%CI:33.85,2.41; p<0.05). 2-h post-prandial blood sugar also shows a similar distinct reduction in (34.87mg/dl [95%CI:75.44; 5.69]) the Zinc treated group. The reduction in HbA1c was 0.54% (95%CI:0.86;0.21) in the Zinc treated group. There were 8 studies comparing the effects of Zinc supplementation on lipid parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes. The pooled mean difference for total cholesterol between Zinc supplemented and placebo groups was 32.37mg/dl (95%CI:57.39,7.35; p<0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol also showed a similar distinct reduction in the Zinc treated group, the pooled mean difference from random effects analysis was 11.19mg/dl (95%CI:21.14,1.25; p<0.05). Studies have also shown a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures after Zinc supplementation. This first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of Zinc supplementation in patients with diabetes demonstrates that Zinc supplementation has beneficial effects on glycaemic control and promotes healthy lipid parameters. Further studies are required to identify the exact biological mechanisms responsible for these results.
Contextual-Bandit Anomaly Detection for IoT Data in Distributed Hierarchical Edge Computing (2020)

Advances in deep neural networks (DNN) greatly bolster real-time detection of anomalous IoT data. However, IoT devices can hardly afford complex DNN models, and offloading anomaly detection tasks to the cloud incurs long delay. In this paper, we propose and build a demo for an adaptive anomaly detection approach for distributed hierarchical edge computing (HEC) systems to solve this problem, for both univariate and multivariate IoT data. First, we construct multiple anomaly detection DNN models with increasing complexity, and associate each model with a layer in HEC from bottom to top. Then, we design an adaptive scheme to select one of these models on the fly, based on the contextual information extracted from each input data. The model selection is formulated as a contextual bandit problem characterized by a single-step Markov decision process, and is solved using a reinforcement learning policy network. We build an HEC testbed, implement our proposed approach, and evaluate it using real IoT datasets. The demo shows that our proposed approach significantly reduces detection delay (e.g., by 71.4% for univariate dataset) without sacrificing accuracy, as compared to offloading detection tasks to the cloud. We also compare it with other baseline schemes and demonstrate that it achieves the best accuracy-delay tradeoff <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Heterologous Expression of an Immunogenic Pneumococcal Type 3 Capsular Polysaccharide in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (2000)

In order to develop a new system for the analysis of capsular biosynthetic pathways we have explored the possibility of expressing type 3 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lactococcus lactis, an unencapsulated lactic acid bacterium being developed as a vaccine delivery vehicle for mucosal immunization. Only three of the four type 3 CPS biosynthesis genes were found to be necessary for the abundant formation (120 mg liter(-1)) of an extracellular type 3 CPS in L. lactis, implying a role for the type 3-specific synthase in the extracellular transport of the CPS or implying the existence of an alternative export system in L. lactis. The authenticity of the expressed heterologous polysaccharide was established by chemical and immunological analyses. Proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of CPSs purified from L. lactis and S. pneumoniae showed that the two CPS structures were identical. When mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 3.5 x 10(6) CFU of live recombinant lactococci expressing a total of approximately 0.5 microgram of type 3 CPS, the immune responses elicited appeared identical to those observed in mice inoculated with 0.5 microgram of type 3 CPS purified from S. pneumoniae. These findings show that L. lactis is a useful host in which to study the role and function of genes involved in the production of bacterial capsules. Additionally, L. lactis shows potential as a host for the safe production of capsule antigens and as a vaccine delivery vehicle for polysaccharide antigens.
High-performance eight-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer for monomode fibers (1986)

This paper describes an eight-channel mono-mode wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and presents the results of calculations on the effects of aberrations on monomode coupling. The WDM is a Stimax monomode wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer. The near-stigmatic Stimax optical configuration utilizes a diffraction grating and a concave mirror (Fig. 1) and is described in the literature.1–3 The multiplexer has an array of fibers, eight input fibers, 8 × 40 μm, and a single output fiber, 8 × 125 μm, located at the local plane in the grating window (Figs. 1 and 2). The channel center wavelengths of this particular device are 1.46–1.58 μm with 20-nm spacing for seven channels and an eighth channel at 1.3 μm. The spectral widths (Δλ) of the eight channels are ~3 nm at FWHM. The positions of the central wavelengths are reproducible to within 0.1–0.5 nm depending on the geometrical position of the fibers. The Stimax configuration is particularly stable with temperature; wavelength drift for the eight-channel WDM is < 10−2 nm/°C. As the long-term stability of the design is particularly good, these devices can be used in networks with DFB lasers.
A Facile Method To Transform <i>trans</i>-4-Carboxy-3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl- 1(<i>2H</i>)-isoquinolones to Indeno[1,2-<i>c</i>]isoquinolines (2005)

The indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines are an important class of topoisomerase I inhibitors with anticancer activity. The condensation of Schiff bases with homophthalic anhydrides provides a mixture of cis- and trans-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-1(2H)isoquinolones. Although the cis products can be readily converted to indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines with thionyl chloride, the trans products do not afford indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines using this method. The present report describes a route for conversion of the trans diastereomers to indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines using selenoxide elimination and Friedel-Crafts cyclization chemistry.
Interstitial lung disease in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: causes, mechanisms and management (2004)

Interstitial lung disease in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: causes, mechanisms and management
Peer Reviewed: Equilibrium Sampling Devices (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Equilibrium Sampling DevicesThese devices are part of an emerging strategy for monitoring exposure to hydrophobic organic chemicals.Philipp Mayer, Johannes Tolls, Joop L. M. Hermens, and Donald MackayCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 9, 184A–191APublication Date (Web):May 1, 2003Publication History Published online1 May 2003Published inissue 1 May 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es032433ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/es032433inewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2663Altmetric-Citations276LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (219 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Computer simulations,Equilibrium Get e-Alerts
Belief in the law of small numbers. (1971)

Reports that people have erroneous intuitions about the laws of chance. In particular, they regard a sample randomly drawn from a population as highly representative, I.e., similar to the population in all essential characteristics. The prevalence of the belief and its unfortunate consequences for psychological research are illustrated by the responses of 84 professional psychologists to a questionnaire concerning research decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en
Protein Kinase CK2α′ Is Induced by Serum as a Delayed Early Gene and Cooperates with Ha-ras in Fibroblast Transformation (1998)

Protein kinase CK2 is an ubiquitous and pleiotropic Ser/Thr protein kinase composed of two catalytic (alpha and/or alpha') and two noncatalytic (beta) subunits forming a heterotetrameric holoenzyme involved in cell growth and differentiation. Here we report the identification, cloning, and oncogenic activity of the murine CK2alpha' subunit. Serum treatment of quiescent mouse fibroblasts induces CK2alpha' mRNA expression, which peaks at 4 h. The kinetics of CK2alpha' expression correlate with increased kinase activity toward a specific CK2 holoenzyme peptide substrate. The ectopic expression of CK2alpha' (or CK2alpha) cooperates with Ha-ras in foci formation of rat primary embryo fibroblasts. Moreover, we observed that BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts transformed with Ha-ras and CK2alpha' show a faster growth rate than cells transformed with Ha-ras alone. In these cells the higher growth rate correlates with an increase in calmodulin phosphorylation, a protein substrate specifically affected by isolated CK2 catalytic subunits but not by CK2 holoenzyme, suggesting that unbalanced expression of a CK2 catalytic subunit synergizes with Ha-ras in cell transformation.
A phase 1/2 study of relacorilant + nab-paclitaxel (nab-pac) in patients (pts) with solid tumors: The dose-finding phase. (2018)

2554 Background: Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression has been linked with chemotherapy resistance. Nonclinical and clinical studies have suggested that a GR antagonist (GRA) can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Relacorilant (formerly CORT125134), a potent selective GRA, is being evaluated in solid tumors in combination with nab-pac. Methods: This ongoing phase 1/2 study is evaluating the tolerability, anticancer activity, and Phase 2 dose of relacorilant + nab-pac. Nab-pac is administered weekly for 3 of 4 weeks of a 28-day cycle. The study includes assessment of 2 relacorilant dosing schedules: continuous (CON) daily dosing and intermittent (INT) dosing (the day before, of, and after nab-pac). Pts ≥18 y old with advanced solid tumors, up to 3 prior lines of therapy in the advanced setting, ECOG status 0-1, and adequate renal, hepatic, and marrow function are included. Prior treatment with nab-pac is allowed. Results: As of Jan 1, 2018, 25 pts were enrolled; 17 had prior taxane. In CON dosing, 16 pts received 100 mg relacorilant/80 mg/m2 nab-pac and 1 received 100 mg relacorilant/60 mg/m2 nab-pac. In INT dosing, 4 pts received 200 mg relacorilant/150 mg/m2 nab-pac and 4 received 150 mg relacorilant/100 mg/m2 nab-pac. Grade ≥3 AEs included neutropenia (40%), anemia (12%), pneumonia (8%), mucosal inflammation (8%), and leukopenia (8%). Dose-limiting toxicity included neutropenia; GCSF support was added to regimens subsequently. Among pts treated to date, 1 unconfirmed CR (ovarian CA), 2 confirmed PRs (pancreatic CA, vulvar CA), and 5 SDs (2 ovarian CA, 2 pancreatic CA, 1 carcinoid) were observed. Pancreatic CA pt with confirmed PR has remained on study 48 weeks, despite having progressed within 14 weeks on earlier gemcitabine/nab-pac. For the 6 pts with available tissue, all had GR IHC results with ≥50% staining (range 50%-100%); 4/6 pts were responders; all 4 had ≥60% GR staining. Conclusions: An efficacy signal has been observed in pts with pancreatic and gynecologic CA previously treated with taxane. Neutropenia is manageable with GCSF support and dose modification. Expansions are planned, including pancreatic and ovarian CA cohorts. Clinical trial information: NCT02762981.
Low rate of ret proto-oncogene activation (PTC/retTPC) in papillary thyroid carcinomas from saudi arabia (1994)

This study questions the relevance of PTC/retTPC oncogene in the carcinogenesis of thyroid papillary carcinomas in the Saudi population. Genetic background among races may contribute to the different frequencies of PTC/retTPC oncogene in thyroid papillary carcinoma.
Dopamine D3 and D4 receptor antagonists in the treatment of schizophrenia. (2002)

The findings that dopamine D3 and D4 receptors are highly expressed in limbic and cortical areas (D4 more than D3), and the fact that the atypical drug clozapine has preferential affinity for the D4 receptors have suggested an involvement of these receptors in schizophrenia. Subsequently, many pharmaceutical companies have pursued the approach of developing selective dopamine D3 or D4 antagonists as potential antipsychotics. This review will discuss the current status of selective dopamine D3 and D4 receptor antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Automatic speech recognition: What phonology can offer (2017)

This chapter presents phonological features as the underlying representation of speech for the purpose of automatic speech recognition (ASR), instead of phones (or phonemes), which are typically used for this purpose. Phonological features offer a number of advantages. Firstly, they can efficiently handle the pronunciation variability found in languages. Secondly, these features form natural classes to represent speech universally, hence they are capable of providing better ways to transfer various models, involved in ASR, across different languages and dialects. Moreover, the ubiquity of the perceptual properties of phonological features is supported by various neuro-linguistic experiments and language studies for different languages of the world. Thus, phonological features can provide a principled way of ASR, thereby reducing the amount of training data and computational resources required.
Authentication of Smartphone Users Based on Activity Recognition and Mobile Sensing (2017)

Smartphones are context-aware devices that provide a compelling platform for ubiquitous computing and assist users in accomplishing many of their routine tasks anytime and anywhere, such as sending and receiving emails. The nature of tasks conducted with these devices has evolved with the exponential increase in the sensing and computing capabilities of a smartphone. Due to the ease of use and convenience, many users tend to store their private data, such as personal identifiers and bank account details, on their smartphone. However, this sensitive data can be vulnerable if the device gets stolen or lost. A traditional approach for protecting this type of data on mobile devices is to authenticate users with mechanisms such as PINs, passwords, and fingerprint recognition. However, these techniques are vulnerable to user compliance and a plethora of attacks, such as smudge attacks. The work in this paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel authentication framework, which is based on recognizing the behavioral traits of smartphone users using the embedded sensors of smartphone, such as Accelerometer, Gyroscope and Magnetometer. The proposed framework also provides a platform for carrying out multi-class smart user authentication, which provides different levels of access to a wide range of smartphone users. This work has been validated with a series of experiments, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
GOPDE: global optimization in small signal device model parameter extraction (1994)

A novel global optimization algorithm, GODPE in C, for small signal model parameter extraction is proposed. A "peel" algorithm is developed to relieve the complexity of the optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emerging role of Garcinol, the antioxidant chalcone from Garcinia indica Choisy and its synthetic analogs (2009)

Garcinol, harvested from Garcinia indica, has traditionally been used in tropical regions and appreciated for centuries; however its biological properties are only beginning to be elucidated. There is ample data to suggest potent antioxidant properties of this compound which have been used to explain most of its observed biological activities. However, emerging evidence suggests that garcinol could be useful as an anti-cancer agent, and it is increasingly being realized that garcinol is a pleiotropic agent capable of modulating key regulatory cell signaling pathways. Here we have summarized the progress of our current research knowledge on garcinol and its observed biological activities. We have also provided an explanation of observed properties based on its chemical structure and provided an insight into the structure and properties of chalcones, the precursors of garcinol. The available data is promising but more detailed investigations into the various properties of this compound, particularly its anti-cancer activity are urgently needed, and it is our hope that this review will stimulate further research for elucidating and appreciating the value of this nature's wonder agent.