gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Tyrosine 861 Is Critical for Mediating an Anti-apoptotic Response to Hyperosmotic Stress (2007)

The results presented here demonstrate that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Tyr-861 is the predominant tyrosine phosphorylation site stimulated by hyperosmotic stress in a variety of cell types, including epithelial cell lines (ileum-derived IEC-18, colon-derived Caco2, and stomach-derived NCI-N87), FAK null fibroblasts re-expressing FAK, and Src family kinase triple null fibroblasts (SYF cells) in which c-Src has been restored (YF cells). We show that hyperosmotic stress-stimulated FAK phosphorylation in epithelial cells is inhibited by Src family kinase inhibitors PP2 and SU6656 and that it does not occur in SYF cells. Unexpectedly, hyperosmotic stress-induced phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-397, Tyr-576, and most dramatically at Tyr-861 was completely insensitive to the F-actin-disrupting agents, latrunculin A and cytochalasin D. Finally, we show that in FAK null cells exposed to hyperosmotic stress or growth factor withdrawal, re-expression of wild type FAK restored cell survival, whereas re-expression of FAK mutated from tyrosine to phenylalanine at position 861 (FAKY861F) did not. Our results indicate that FAK Tyr-861 phosphorylation is required for mammalian cell survival of hyperosmotic stress. Furthermore, the results suggest that FAK is an upstream regulator (rather than downstream effector) of F-actin reorganization in response to hyperosmotic stress. We propose that FAK/c-Src bipartite enzyme is a sensor of cytoplasmic shrinkage, and that the phosphorylation on FAK Tyr-861 by Src and subsequent reorganization of F-actin can initiate an anti-apoptotic signaling pathway that protects cells from hyperosmotic stress.
Robust and accurate road map inference (2010)

Over the last ten years, electronic vehicle guidance systems have become increasingly popular. However, their performance is subject to the availability and accuracy of digital road maps. Most current digital maps are still inadequate for advanced applications in unstructured environments. Lack of detailed up-to-date information and insufficient accuracy and refinement of the road geometry are among the most important shortcomings. The massive use of inexpensive GPS receivers, combined with the rapidly increasing availability of wireless communication infrastructure, suggests that large volumes of data combining both modalities will be available in a near future. The approach presented here draws on machine learning techniques to process logs of position traces to consistently build a detailed and accurate representation of the road network and, more importantly, extract the actual paths followed by vehicles. Experimental results with data from large mining operations are presented to validate the algorithm.
The ErbB receptor tyrosine family as signal integrators. (2001)

ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands have important roles in normal development and in human cancer. Among the ErbB receptors only ErbB2 has no direct ligand; however, ErbB2 acts as a co-receptor for the other family members, promoting high affinity ligand binding and enhancement of ligand-induced biological responses. These characteristics demonstrate the central role of ErbB2 in the receptor family, which likely explains why it is involved in the development of many human malignancies, including breast cancer. ErbB RTKs also function as signal integrators, cross-regulating different classes of membrane receptors including receptors of the cytokine family. Cross-regulation of ErbB RTKs and cytokines receptors represents another mechanism for controlling and enhancing tumor cell proliferation.
Evidence for Luttinger-Liquid Behavior in Crossed Metallic Single-Wall Nanotubes (2004)

Transport measurements through crossed metallic single-wall nanotubes are presented. We observe a zero-bias anomaly in one tube which is suppressed by a current flowing through the other nanotube. These results are compared with a Luttinger-liquid model which takes into account electrostatic tube-tube coupling together with crossing-induced backscattering processes. Explicit solution of a simplified model is able to describe qualitatively the observed experimental data with only one adjustable parameter.
Packaging design of the IBM System z10 Enterprise Class platform central electronic complex (2009)

The IBM System z10™ Enterprise Class mainframe addresses the modern data center requirements for minimizing floor space while increasing computing power efficiency. These objectives placed challenges on the z10™ packaging design as a result of significantly increased demand on system packaging density, power delivery, and logic and power cooling efficiency compared with the recent IBM System z9® and z990 mainframe generations. Several innovations were implemented to successfully meet these challenges: a more powerful multichip module (MCM) that delivers denser computing capability and a 64-way system; a vertically mated processor unit (PU) book structure that achieves a more efficient thermal implementation and a higher signal bandwidth between processors; and a PU book-centric dc-dc power delivery design that is more efficient. This paper presents the key elements to achieve this design: the novel mechanical load transmission paths and the connector technologies for the MCM, PU book, I/O, and power regulation components; an innovative cooling and thermal design that includes component-level tolerance of failures; and improved power delivery and power code developments to maximize the overall z10 compute efficiency.
Inducible Silencing of Protein Kinase D3 Inhibits Secretion of Tumor-Promoting Factors in Prostate Cancer (2012)

Abstract Protein kinase D (PKD) acts as a major mediator of several signaling pathways related to cancer development. Aberrant PKD expression and activity have been shown in multiple cancers, and novel PKD inhibitors show promising anticancer activities. Despite these advances, the mechanisms through which PKD contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer remain unknown. Here, we establish a novel role for PKD3, the least studied member of the PKD family, in the regulation of prostate cancer cell growth and motility through modulation of secreted tumor-promoting factors. Using both a stable inducible knockdown cell model and a transient knockdown system using multiple siRNAs, we show that silencing of endogenous PKD3 significantly reduces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, conditioned medium from PKD3-knockdown cells exhibits less migratory potential compared with that from control cells. Further analysis indicated that depletion of PKD3 blocks secretion of multiple key tumor-promoting factors including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and GROα but does not alter mRNA transcript levels for these factors, implying impairment of the secretory pathway. More significantly, inducible depletion of PKD3 in a subcutaneous xenograft model suppresses tumor growth and decreases levels of intratumoral GROα in mice. These data validate PKD3 as a promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer and shed light on the role of secreted tumor-promoting factors in prostate cancer progression. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1389–99. ©2012 AACR.
I/Q Mismatch Compensation Using Adaptive Decorrelation in a Low-IF Receiver in 90-nm CMOS Process (2006)

We present a single multiplier based adaptive I/Q mismatch compensation circuit for narrowband quadrature receivers. Adaptive decorrelation between I and Q channel data is used for correcting gain and phase mismatches. Adaptation step size is computed from L/sub 1/-norm inverse power measurement and a gear-shifting mechanism is used that allows fast initial convergence and slow adaptation on actual burst data. Image rejection ratio in excess of 50 dB is reported for GSM receiver after compensation allowing the receiver to use IF frequencies higher than half of the channel bandwidth. The presented mismatch compensation circuit is implemented as part of a single-chip GSM wireless transceiver fabricated in a 90-nm digital CMOS process. The presented techniques are, however, equally applicable to other narrowband packet-based applications.
Liposomes: A Review of Manufacturing Techniques and Targeting Strategies (2011)

Today, liposomes are among the most applied technologies for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents and many different compounds in biological, pharmaceutical, medical and nutritional research. In this review, classification of liposomal vesicles, methods of their preparation and encapsulation, as well as their applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries are reviewed. In addition, the main analytical approaches used to study liposome characteristics such as size, transition temperature, surface charge, fluidity, lamellarity, stability and encapsulation efficiency are presented. In the final part of the article, mechanisms of liposome targeting are discussed.
Global music city: knowledge and geographical proximity in London's recorded music industry (2008)

Drawing from debates in economic geography on relational and organisational proximity as a substitute for geographical proximity, the paper explores characteristics of knowledge transfer in London's recorded music industry through an examination of organisational connections on local and global scales. The paper demonstrates that knowledge transfer within the industry occurs simultaneously across multiple geographical scales, with certain organisational connections facilitating the transfer of tacit knowledge across organisational boundaries. However, the paper argues that these connections do not offer the same scope for trust as is afforded by frequent face‐to‐face contact and therefore offer only a partial substitute for geographical proximity.
Direct semi-dense SLAM for rolling shutter cameras (2016)

In this paper, we present a monocular Direct and Semi-dense SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) system for rolling shutter cameras. In a rolling shutter camera, the pose is different for each row of each image, and this yields poor pose estimates and poor structure estimates when using a state-of-the-art semi-dense direct method designed for global shutter cameras. To address this issue in tracking, we model the smooth and continuous camera trajectory using a B-spline curve of degree k??1 for poses in the Lie algebra, se(3).We solve for the camera poses at each row-time by a direct optimisation of photometric error as a function of the control points of the spline. Likewise for mapping, we develop generalised epipolar geometry for the rolling shutter case and solve for point depths using photometric error. Although each of these issues has been previously tackled, to the best of our knowledge ours is the first full solution to monocular, direct (feature-less) SLAM. We benchmark our method for pose accuracy and map accuracy against the state-of-the-art semi-dense SLAM system, LSD-SLAM, demonstrating the improved efficacy of our approach when using rolling shutter cameras via synthetic sequences with known ground-truth and real sequences.
A Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Gene Mutation (P398H) Is Associated with Visceral Adiposity and Impaired Catecholamine-stimulated Lipolysis in Mice (2003)

Thyroid hormone has profound effects on metabolic homeostasis, regulating both lipogenesis and lipolysis, primarily by modulating adrenergic activity. We generated mice with a point mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha) gene producing a dominant-negative TRalpha mutant receptor with a proline to histidine substitution (P398H). The heterozygous P398H mutant mice had a 3.4-fold (p < 0.02) increase in serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were slightly elevated compared with wild-type mice. The P398H mice had a 4.4-fold increase in body fat (as a fraction of total body weight) (p < 0.001) and a 5-fold increase in serum leptin levels (p < 0.005) compared with wild-type mice. A 3-fold increase in serum fasting insulin levels (p < 0.002) and a 55% increase in fasting glucose levels (p < 0.01) were observed in P398H compared with wild-type mice. There was a marked reduction in norepinephrine-induced lipolysis, as reflected in reduced glycerol release from white adipose tissue isolated from P398H mice. Heart rate and cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis, mediated by thyroid hormone-catecholamine interaction, were also reduced in P398H mice. In conclusion, the TRalpha P398H mutation is associated with visceral adiposity and insulin resistance primarily due to a marked reduction in catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis. The observed phenotype in the TRalpha P398H mouse is likely due to interference with TRalpha action as well as influence on other metabolic signaling pathways. The physiologic significance of these findings will ultimately depend on understanding the full range of actions of this mutation.
Growth hormone-releasing effect of oral growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) administration in children with short stature (1995)

Growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) is a synthetic hexapeptide with a potent GH-releasing activity after intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal and oral administration in man. Previous data showed its activity also in some patients with GH deficiency. The aim of our study was to verify the GH-releasing activity of oral GHRP-6 administration on GH secretion in children with normal short stature. The effect of oral GHRP-6 (300 micrograms/kg) was compared with that of the maximally effective dose of intravenous GH-releasing hormone (GHRH-29, 1 microgram/kg). As the GHRH-induced GH rise in children is potentiated by arginine (ARG), even when administered by oral route at low dose (4 g), we studied also the interaction of oral GHRP-6 and ARG administration. We studied 13 children (nine boys and four girls aged 6.2-10.5 years, pubertal stage I) with normal short stature (height less than -2 SD score; height velocity more than -2 SD score; normal bone age; insulin-like growth factor I > 70 micrograms/l). In a first group of children (N = 7), oral GHRP-6 administration induced a GH response (mean +/- SEM; peak at 60 min vs baseline: 18.8 +/- 3.0 vs 1.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms/l, p < 0.0006; area under curve: 1527.3 +/- 263.9 micrograms l-1 h-1) which was similar to that elicited by GHRH (peak at 45 min vs baseline: 20.8 +/- 4.5 vs 2.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/l, p < 0.007; area under curve: 1429.4 +/- 248.2 micrograms l-1 h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bond-slip model for FRP-to-concrete interface (2005)

The local fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-to-concrete bond-slip model is the fundamental relationship to analyse the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC structures. Due to the peculiarity of the load-bearing mechanism of FRP-to-concrete interface, it is hard to acquire their bond-slip relationship directly from test, so the existing bond-slip constitutive models have more or less unsolved problems. In this paper, a group of new models and the formulas for calculating the debonding strength of interface are presented based on the predictions of a meso-scale finite element model. These models are named as Precise Model, Simplified Model and Bilinear Model respectively according to different levels of sophistication. Among them, the Precise Model can consider different stiffnesses of adhesive layer, while Simplified Model and Bilinear Model are suitable for normal adhesive layer. Through comparisons with the large test database, the suggested bond-slip models are shown to provide more accurate predictions of both the debonding strength and the strain distribution in the FRP sheet than the existing models.
CA-CDMA: channel adapted CDMA for MAI/ISI free burst transmission (2002)

In this paper, a new precoding scheme is designed allowing the complete orthogonalization of the users in the uplink of a multiuser CDMA system based on burst transmission. With this channel adapted precoding, all the inter-symbol and inter-user interferences are eliminated thanks to the appropriate linear processing at the receiver. If the received power is fixed, this system minimizes the variance of the symbol estimation error. An infinity of solutions exists to orthogonalize the system. Two objectives are added: a possible recursion in the number of users and a minimization of the average emitted power. The last optimization problem is a complex one. An approximate solution is proposed. It is shown that the system introduced in this paper outperforms burst system using a conventional set of codes.
Si/TiN Nanocomposites Novel Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (1999)

Nanocomposites containing silicon and titanium nitride were synthesized by high‐energy mechanical milling. The process results in very fine particles distributed homogeneously inside the matrix. nanocomposites synthesized using different experimental conditions were evaluated for their electrochemical properties. Results indicate that in the composite alloys and dealloys with lithium during cycling, while remains inactive providing structural stability. A composite containing obtained after milling exhibited a stable capacity of , suggesting its promising nature. Preliminary cycling data show good capacity retention reflective of good phase and microstructural stability as verified by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Comparison of Lymphocyte Transformation, Inhibition of Macrophage Migration and Skin Tests Using Dialyzable and Nondialyzable Tuberculin Fractions from <i>Mycobacterium Bovis</i> (BCG) (1971)

Abstract Nondialyzable and dialyzable fractions prepared from BCG culture filtrates were compared in in vitro and in vivo tests for delayed hypersensitivity. With the non-dialyzable fractions in vivo lymphocyte transformation did not correlate with in vitro inhibition of macrophage migration or skin reactivity. The degree of lymphocyte transformation was correlated with the protein content of the fractions. A carbohydrate-rich fraction did not induce lymphocyte transformation but did induce skin reactivity and inhibition of macrophage migration. Activity of the dialyzable fractions in each of the three tests was dependent on molecular size.
Dependency on Medium and Temperature of Cell Size and Chemical Composition during Balanced Growth of Salmonella typhimurium (1958)

Summary: Ceil mass, the average number of nuclei/cell and the content of RNA and DNA were studied in (Salmonella typhimurium during balanced (steady state) growth in different media. These quantities could be described as exponential functions of the growth rates afforded by the various media at a given temperature. The size and chemical composition characteristic of a given medium were not influenced by the temperature of cultivation. Thus, under conditions of balanced growth, this organism exists in one of a large number of possible stable physiological states. The variations in mass/cell are due to changes in the number of nuclei/cell as well as in mass/nucleus. An increase in the number of ribonucleoprotein particles at higher growth rates could, it appears, largely account for the increase in mass/nucleus. Calculations indicate that the rate of protein synthesis per unit RNA is nearly the same at all growth rates.
Plasma etching of III–V compound semiconductor materials and their oxides (1981)

Sixteen reagents were investigated for their ability to etch either GaAs, GaAs–oxide, or both. Except for CCl2F2, fluorine containing reagents such as HF, C2F6, CF3Cl, and CHF3 did not etch. In addition, no etching occurred with the six compounds C2Cl4, CBr2Cl2, CHCl3, PH3, H2 or H2O. Both GaAs and its oxide were etched by CCl4, CCl2F2, PCl3, and HCl; while Cl2 and COCl2 etched only GaAs. Chlorine etched GaAs five times faster than HCl did. Addition of 40% H2 to HCl reduced the etch-rate ratio of GaAs to oxide by 1/8, from 400:1 to 50:1. A 42% H2/58% CCl2F2 plasma etched GaAs only 12 times faster than it etched oxide; this is 1/33 the ratio found for neat HCl and 1/200 the rate of etching GaAs with Cl2. A Cl2 plasma readily etched both GaP and GaSb but not the corresponding oxides. An HCl plasma etched GaP and GaSb and their oxides but did not etch InP or its oxide. The chemistry of these systems is discussed and a model for selective etching of GaAs–oxide over GaAs is proposed.
Continuous Machine Learning in Computer Vision - Tracking with Adaptive Class Models (2007)

This chapter has explored a number of techniques in vision based tracking, with the common theme of continuous relearning of models of the background and the tracked
Critical Heat Flux of CO2 in a Microchannel at Elevated Subcritical Pressures (2002)

The connection between chlorofluorocarbons and ozone depletion has prompted a resurgence in the study\nof environmentally friendly refrigerants for heat exchanger applications. Recent studies have shown compact heat\nexchangers using a transcritical CO2 cycle optimized in a microchannel geometry are competitive with baseline units\nin terms of physical dimension and thermal performance. However, the critical heat flux may occur at lower-than-expected\nvapor qualities in the heat absorption portion of the cycle, significantly affecting heat exchanger\nperformance. The purpose of this study is to determine the critical heat flux and associated vapor quality under\nconditions simulating compact heat exchanger conditions. Non-intrusive wall temperature measurements, in\nconjunction with standard transducer measurements and flow visualization, were used to detect critical heat flux\nphenomenon. The vapor qualities associated with the critical heat flux were determined to be lower than would be\nexpected in larger-diameter channels, and the critical heat flux was lower than predicted by the Shah correlation.
Implementing high resolution structured light by exploiting projector blur (2012)

This paper presents a novel variant of structured lighting which exploits the inherent blur in the projector system to overcome the discrepancy in resolution between typical Digital SLR cameras and typical projector systems. More specifically, the scheme estimates the coordinates of the projection of each illuminated scene point in the projector frame with subpixel precision and this additional level of accuracy helps to improve the quality of the resulting 3D reconstructions.
Protein Detecting Arrays Based on Cationic Polythiophene–DNA‐Aptamer Complexes (2006)

By combining an appropriate DNA aptamer with a cationic polythiophene optical transducer, human thrombin can be specifically detected on microarrays in the attomole range in less than one hour without any tagging of the target. The system can be modified and utilized as a probe for the detection of various proteins or other biomolecules. This work opens new interesting possibilities for simple and rapid multiparametric analysis in genomics and proteomics.