gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Si-LDMOS transistors for RF Power Amplifier in 2-6 GHz frequency range (2003)

In this thesis the models of Si-LDMOS transistors have been investigated with Agilent EEsof ADS version 2002a for operation in the 2-6 GHz frequency range. The first one is the Motorola’s (MRF21010) model based on a 30 mm prototype of a Si-LDMOS transistor. The second one is a model based on a 1 mm prototype of Si-LDMOS transistor developed at Chalmers University. Large-signal simulations of Chalmers’ model have demonstrated results, which lead to the conclusion that,this model cannot be efficiently utilised for design for a PA in the 2-6 GHz frequency range. However, additional simulations with reduced Rd (drain losses) show the deep impact of this parameter on the main properties of the designed PA. Hence, it is important to take it into account during new processes of Si-LDMOS as well as to improve the CAD model. The final conclusion regarding Si-LDMOS cannot be made just based on these simulation results, since they are not in accordance with the published ones. The next step should be aimed at improving the model and further investigation of Si-LDMOS to prove their ability to operate in the 2-6 GHz frequency range.
Strain Measurement by Scanning Moire Method (1984)

A scanning moire method is a moire method in which the master grating is replaced by the scanning lines of a television camera. In the present paper, the principle of moire pattern appearance, the effects of thinning out of scanning lines and the relation between moire fringes and strain are studied by the sampling theorem. I)f a deformed model grating is sampled by a television camera and it is thinned out properly by using image processing system, the strain distribution with wide strain range can be analyzed from one picture.
Genetic Relatedness of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Isolates from Various Origins Determined by Triple-Locus Sequence Analysis Based on Toxin Regulatory Genes <i>tcdC, tcdR</i> , and <i>cdtR</i> (2008)

A triple-locus nucleotide sequence analysis based on toxin regulatory genes tcdC, tcdR and cdtR was initiated to assess the sequence variability of these genes among Clostridium difficile isolates and to study the genetic relatedness between isolates. A preliminary investigation of the variability of the tcdC gene was done with 57 clinical and veterinary isolates. Twenty-three isolates representing nine main clusters were selected for tcdC, tcdR, and cdtR analysis. The numbers of alleles found for tcdC, tcdR and cdtR were nine, six, and five, respectively. All strains possessed the cdtR gene except toxin A-negative toxin B-positive variants. All but one binary toxin CDT-positive isolate harbored a deletion (>1 bp) in the tcdC gene. The combined analyses of the three genes allowed us to distinguish five lineages correlated with the different types of deletion in tcdC, i.e., 18 bp (associated or not with a deletion at position 117), 36 bp, 39 bp, and 54 bp, and with the wild-type tcdC (no deletion). The tcdR and tcdC genes, though located within the same pathogenicity locus, were found to have evolved separately. Coevolution of the three genes was noted only with strains harboring a 39-bp or a 54-bp deletion in tcdC that formed two homogeneous, separate divergent clusters. Our study supported the existence of the known clones (PCR ribotype 027 isolates and toxin A-negative toxin B-positive C. difficile variants) and evidence for clonality of isolates with a 39-bp deletion (toxinotype V, PCR ribotype 078) that are frequently isolated worldwide from human infections and from food animals.
Extending an Indonesian Semantic Analysis-based Question Answering System with Linguistic and World Knowledge Axioms (2008)

Abstract. We adopt a previously developed model of deep syntactic and semantic processing to support question answering for Bahasa Indonesia, and extend it by adding a number of axioms designed to encode useful knowledge for answering questions, thus increasing the inferential power of the QA system. We believe this approach can increase the robustness of semantic analysis-based QA systems, whilst simultaneously lightening the burden of complexity in designing semantic attachment rules that transduce logical forms from syntactic structures. We show how these added axioms enable the system to answer questions which previously could not have been answered.
<title>Liquid crystal smart reflectors</title> (1995)

We report on the development of liquid crystal smart reflectors, consisting of a cholesteric liquid crystal with temperature sensitive helix pitch, in combination with a light absorbing dye. Light entering the liquid crystal is absorbed by the dye, generating heat which raises the temperature of the liquid crystal. The resulting change in the helix pitch of the cholesteric causes an increase in its reflectivity, reducing the intensity of light that can be absorbed by the dye. This negative feedback stabilizes the reflector for a given light intensity. The smart reflector thus achieves a reflectivity which increases with increasing intensity of incident light. We report on two configurations of the device, with both experimental measurements and mathematical models of the system.
Abnormal Growth of Smooth Muscle–Like Cells in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (2006)

The TSC1 and TSC2 proteins, which function as a TSC1/TSC2 tumor suppressor complex, are associated with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of smooth muscle-like cells in the lungs. The precise molecular mechanisms that modulate LAM cell growth remain unknown. We demonstrate that TSC2 regulates LAM cell growth. Cells dissociated from LAM nodules from the lungs of five different patients with LAM have constitutively activated S6K1, hyperphosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, activated Erk, and increased DNA synthesis compared with normal cells from the same patients. These effects were augmented by PDGF stimulation. Akt activity was unchanged in LAM cells. Rapamycin, a specific S6K1 inhibitor, abolished increased LAM cell growth. The full-length TSC2 was necessary for inhibition of S6 hyperphosphorylation and DNA synthesis in LAM cells, as demonstrated by co-microinjection of the C-terminus, which contains the GTPase activating protein homology domain, and the N-terminus, which binds TSC1. Our data demonstrate that increased LAM cell growth is associated with constitutive S6K1 activation, which is extinguishable by TSC2 expression. Loss of TSC2 GAP activity or disruption of the TSC1/TSC2 complex dysregulates S6K1 activation, which leads to abnormal cell proliferation associated with LAM disease.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solids: Thermodynamic Effects of a Pair of rf Pulses (1967)

A discussion is given of the effects of a pair of pulses of rf magnetic field (at the NMR frequency) on the Zeeman and dipolar energies of the spin system in a solid. Zeeman order is partly transformed into dipolar order when the two pulses have different rf phases. A theoretical calculation provides a very simple relation between the efficiency of this transfer of energy (as a function of the characteristics of the pulses and their time separation) and the magnitude and shape of the dipolar component of the free-precession signal. This prediction has been verified quantitatively in the case of the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ spins in a Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ crystal with the large magnetic field in a [100] direction. A maximum efficiency of transfer of Zeeman energy into dipolar energy of 56% has been obtained with a $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$ phase shift between a first $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$ pulse and a second $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{4}$ pulse, separated by a time of the order of ${T}_{2}$. (An ideal adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame would have an efficiency of 100%.) The experimental results also indicate that the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ spin system reaches internal quasiequilibrium in a time of the order of a few ${T}_{2}$ after the pulse pair. It is also shown that the use of a pair of rf pulses (both of the same rf phase this time) leads to a new method for measuring the complete shape of free-precession signals, which avoids the usual difficulties due to the finite recovery time of the observation circuit.
Vibration and impact monitoring of a composite-wing model using piezoelectric paint (2013)

This study investigates a piezoelectric paint sensor for large area sensing applications, and its sensing characteristics under dynamic loading conditions such as impact and vibration. The piezoelectric paint is composed of the Pb(Nb,Ni)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PNN–PZT) powder and epoxy resin. The PNN–PZT is a kind of soft piezoelectric material that offers many advantages such as high piezoelectric properties, easy poling, and so on. The PNN–PZT/epoxy paint sensor can be easily applied to various engineering structures, even to those having a complex geometry or curved shapes because of its flexibility. In this study, the PNN–PZT/epoxy paint was coated on a composite-wing model. One electrode was made on the upper surface of the piezoelectric paint, while the graphite/epoxy composite structure itself was used as the other electrode. Then poling was conducted at room temperature (20 °C) under a 4 kV/mm electric field for 10 min. When the composite-wing model was subjected to free-vibration, its vibration response was monitored by measuring the output voltage of the piezoelectric paint sensor; when the composite-wing model was impacted by an impact hammer, its impact signal was also measured by the piezoelectric paint sensor. The vibration and impact test results showed that the PNN–PZT/epoxy paint sensor captured the dynamic responses of the composite-wing structure very well. We believe that the piezoelectric paint sensor can be useful in many engineering applications such as real-time vibration and impact monitoring, damage detection, nondestructive structural health monitoring, and so on.
Correcting organ motion artifacts in x‐ray CT medical imaging systems by adaptive processing. I. Theory (2001)

X-ray CT scanners provide images of transverse cross sections of the human body from a large number of projections. During the data acquisition process, which usually takes about 1 s, motion effects such as respiration, cardiac motion, and patient restlessness produce artifacts that appear as blurring, doubling, and distortion in the reconstructed images, and may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. To address this problem several processing techniques have been proposed that require a priori knowledge of the motion characteristics. This paper proposes a method, which makes no assumptions about the properties of the motion, to eliminate the motion artifacts. The approach in this paper uses a spatial overlap correlator scheme to accurately track organ motion in computed tomography imaging systems. Then, it is shown that as optimum processing scheme to remove organ motion effects is to apply adaptive interference cancellation (AIC) methods, which treat the output of the spatial overlap correlator as noise interference at the input of the AIC process. Furthermore, an AIC method does not require any kind of periodicity of the motion effects. Synthetic data tests demonstrate the validity of this approach and show that hardware modifications are essential for its implementation in x-ray CT medical imaging systems.
PAIN, ITCH AND ENDORPHINS (1981)

Journal Article PAIN, ITCH AND ENDORPHINS Get access John A. Summerfield John A. Summerfield Visiting Scientist, Liver Diseases Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, NIAMDD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 6, 1 December 1981, Pages 725–726, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00985.x Published: 01 December 1981
Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment (2018)

Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to cell-cell contact, cells communicate through secreted factors via a highly complex system involving characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression and integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators in physiological and pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by all cells (both healthy and diseased), ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, transport all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and perform intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting not only in tumor cells, but also in tumor-associated cells such as fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged as new players in tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and immunologic remodeling. In addition, due to their property of carrying molecules from their cell of origin to the peripheral circulation, exosomes have been increasingly studied as sources of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Here we review the current literature on the participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor and tumor-associated cells, highlighting the role of this process in the setup of tumor microenvironments that modulate tumor initiation and metastasis.
Expressing Emotions through Color, Sound, and Vibration with an Appearance-Constrained Social Robot (2017)

Many researchers are now dedicating their efforts to studying interactive modalities such as facial expressions, natural language, and gestures. This phenomenon makes communication between robots and individuals become more natural. However, many robots currently in use are appearance constrained and not able to perform facial expressions and gestures. In addition, although humanoid-oriented techniques are promising, they are time and cost consuming, which leads to many technical difficulties in most research studies. To increase interactive efficiency and decrease costs, we alternatively focus on three interaction modalities and their combinations, namely color, sound, and vibration. We conduct a structured study to evaluate the effects of the three modalities on a human's emotional perception towards our simple-shaped robot "Maru." Our findings offer insights into human-robot affective interactions, which can be particularly useful for appearance-constrained social robots. The contribution of this work is not so much the explicit parameter settings but rather deepening the understanding of how to express emotions through the simple modalities of color, sound, and vibration while providing a set of recommended expressions that HRI researchers and practitioners could readily employ.
Microbial selective plugging and enhanced oil recovery (1989)

The ability of indigenous populations of microorganisms in Berea sandstone to improve the volumetric sweep efficiency and increase oil recovery by in situ growth and metabolism following the injection of nutrients was studied. Cores of differing permeabilities connected in parallel without crossflow and slabs of sandstone with differing permeabilities in capillary contact to allow crossflow were used. The addition of a sucrosenitrate mineral salts medium stimulated the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in the sandstone systems. This resulted in a preferential decrease in permeability in the core or slab with the higher initial permeability, diverted flow into the lower-permeability core or slab and improved the volumetric sweep efficiency. Injectivity into the slab with the lower initial permeability in the crossflow system increased during subsequent nutrient injections. Thus, microbial selective plugging does occur in laboratory systems that have the complex flow patterns observed in petroleum reservoirs without losing the ability to inject fluids into the formation. In situ microbial growth and metabolism increased oil recovery 10 to 38% of the original oil in place. Biogenic gas production accompanied oil production, and much of the gas was entrained within the produced oil suggesting that gas production was an important factor leading to increased oil recovery. Quantitation of the amount of phospholipid in the core confirmed that microbial growth preferentially occurred throughout the core with the higher initial permeability. These data showed that in situ microbial growth in the high-permeability regions improved not only the volumetric sweep efficiency but also the microscopic oil displacement efficiency.
A Brief Survey of Magnetooptics (1967)

A brief account is given of many of the areas being studied by magnetooptic techniques today. The main effort is in solids with the spectrum being broadly covered from the uv to the rf region.
A novel regio- and stereospecific hydrohalogenation reaction of 2-propynoic acid and its derivatives (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel regio- and stereospecific hydrohalogenation reaction of 2-propynoic acid and its derivativesShengming Ma, Xiyan Lu, and Zhigang LiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2, 709–713Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00028a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00028a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3359Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
miR-3140 suppresses tumor cell growth by targeting BRD4 via its coding sequence and downregulates the BRD4-NUT fusion oncoprotein (2018)

Bromodomain Containing 4 (BRD4) mediates transcriptional elongation of the oncogene MYC by binding to acetylated histones. BRD4 has been shown to play a critical role in tumorigenesis in several cancers, and the BRD4-NUT fusion gene is a driver of NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare but highly lethal cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that suppress target gene expression by binding to complementary mRNA sequences. Here, we show that miR-3140, which was identified as a novel tumor suppressive miRNA by function-based screening of a library containing 1090 miRNA mimics, directly suppressed BRD4 by binding to its coding sequence (CDS). miR-3140 concurrently downregulated BRD3 by bind to its CDS as well as CDK2 and EGFR by binding to their 3' untranslated regions. miR-3140 inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro in various cancer cell lines, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant cells. Interestingly, we found that miR-3140 downregulated the BRD4-NUT fusion protein and suppressed in vitro tumor cell growth in a NMC cell line, Ty-82 cells. Furthermore, administration of miR-3140 suppressed in vivo tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Our results suggest that miR-3140 is a candidate for the development of miRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
Identification of optical transitions in cubic and hexagonal GaN by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (1996)

The hexagonal and cubic phases of GaN are characterized by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra from micrometer-size single crystals with either hexagonal or cubic habits grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. At 5 K, distinct narrow excitonic lines are found at 3.472 and 3.272 eV for the hexagonal and cubic phase, yielding energy gaps of 3.500 and 3.300 eV, respectively. Detailed temperature-and intensity-dependent CL measurements on cubic GaN crystals enable us to clearly identify the exciton (free: 3.272 eV, bound: 3.263 eV) and the donor-acceptor pair (3.150 eV) transition. Moreover, we determine the donor-band and acceptor-band transition energy for this phase. In addition, phonon replicas of the exciton line and of the donor-acceptor pair transition are observed at 3.185 and 3.064 eV, respectively.
Collision induced dissociative chemisorption of CH4 on Ni(111) by inert gas atoms: The mechanism for chemistry with a hammer (1989)

The dissociation of CH4 physisorbed on Ni(111) at 46 K is observed to be induced by the impact of incident inert gas atoms. The dynamics and mechanism of this new process, collision induced dissociative chemisorption, are studied by molecular beam techniques coupled with ultrahigh vacuum electron spectroscopies. The absolute cross section for collision induced dissociation is measured over a wide range of kinetic energies (28–109 kcal/mol) and incident angles of Ne, Ar, and Kr atom beams. The cross section displays a complex dependence on the energy of the impinging inert gas atom characteristic of neither total nor normal energy scaling. Quantitative reproduction of the complex dependence of the cross section on the Ar and Ne incident energy by a two-step, dynamical model establishes the mechanism for collision induced dissociation. Collision induced dissociation occurs by the impulsive transfer of kinetic energy upon collision of Ar or Ne with CH4, followed by the translationally activated dissociative chemisorption of the CH4 upon its subsequent collision with the Ni surface. The dependence of the probability of activated dissociation on the resultant CH4 normal energy derived from the fit of the model to the experimental cross section is in excellent agreement with the results of a previous study of the translationally activated dissociative chemisorption of CH4 on Ni(111). Collision induced activation and translational activation are shown to be consistent mechanisms for providing energy to CH4 to surmount the barrier to dissociative chemisorption.
Expression of human collagenase-3 (MMP-13) by fetal skin fibroblasts is induced by transforming growth factor beta via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. (2001)

SPECIFIC AIMSIn the present study we have examined the possible role of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13; MMP-13), a collagenolytic MMP with a wide substrate specificity, in human fetal skin wound repair characterized by minimal scar formation. The expression of MMP-13 was examined in wounds in human fetal skin grafted on SCID mice, and the regulation of human MMP-13 expression was examined in fetal skin fibroblasts in culture.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Human MMP-13 is expressed by fibroblasts in fetal skin woundsTo elucidate the role and regulation of human MMP-13 in fetal wound repair, which is characterized by minimal scar formation, we first examined the expression of MMP-13 in a well-characterized model of normally healing incisional wound of human fetal skin (16 to 20 wk of gestational age) grafted on SCID mice. MMP-13-positive fibroblasts were detected by immunostaining within the dermal layer in 4-day-old wounds (Fig. 1A⤻ , B⤻ ). Numerous MMP-13-positive dermal fibroblasts were also detected i...