gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new semi-supervised EM algorithm for image retrieval (2003)

One of the main tasks in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is to reduce the gap between low-level visual features and high-level human concepts. This paper presents a new semi-supervised EM algorithm (NSSEM), where the image distribution in feature space is modeled as a mixture of Gaussian densities. Due to the statistical mechanism of accumulating and processing meta knowledge, the NSS-EM algorithm with long term learning of mixture model parameters can deal with the cases where users may mislabel images during relevance feedback. Our approach that integrates mixture model of the data, relevance feedback and long term learning helps to improve retrieval performance. The concept learning is incrementally refined with increased retrieval experiences. Experiment results on Corel database show the efficacy of our proposed concept learning approach.
Composition of Basic Nickel Carbonates (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition of Basic Nickel CarbonatesJonathan T. Carriel and Wilbur J. Singley Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 14, 3839–3843Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01643a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01643a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for direct characterization of cosmetic products (2012)

As daily necessities in large populations, quality control is mandatory for cosmetic products in order to guarantee their efficacy and safety. Traditionally, analysis of cosmetics is slow due to the dedicated sample pretreatment steps required. With neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ND-EESI-MS), trace illicit additives including sunscreens, hormones, and antibiotics etc. in many types of cosmetics can be quantitatively detected at sub-low-ppb levels, requiring no sample pretreatment. This review briefly summarizes the technique development and application of ND-EESI-MS for the rapid analysis of cosmetic products. The future trend of ND-EESI-MS for cosmetic analysis is also concisely discussed.
The Clinical Chemist (1971)

Journal Article The Clinical Chemist Get access J S King, Jr. J S King, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 17, Issue 4, 1 April 1971, Pages 343–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/17.4.343 Published: 01 April 1971
Optimizing the performance of a relational algebra database interface (1975)

An approach for implementing a “smart” interface to support a relational view of data is proposed. The basic idea is to employ automatic programming techniques so that the interface analyzes and efficiently refines the high level query specification supplied by the user. A relational algebra interface, called SQUIRAL, which was designed using this approach, is described in detail. SQUIRAL seeks to minimize query response time and space utilization by: (1) performing global query optimization, (2) exploiting disjoint and pipelined concurrency, (3) coordinating sort orders in temporary relations, (4) employing directory analysis, and (5) maintaining locality in page references. Algorithms for implementing the operators of E. F. Codd's relational algebra are presented, and a methodology for composing them to optimize the performance of a particular user query is described.
EEG Based Eye State Classification using Deep Belief Network and Stacked AutoEncoder (2016)

<p>A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides an alternative communication interface between the human brain and a computer. The Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are acquired, processed and machine learning algorithms are further applied to extract useful information. During EEG acquisition, artifacts are induced due to involuntary eye movements or eye blink, casting adverse effects on system performance. The aim of this research is to predict eye states from EEG signals using Deep learning architectures and present improved classifier models. Recent studies reflect that Deep Neural Networks are trending state of the art Machine learning approaches. Therefore, the current work presents the implementation of Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Stacked AutoEncoders (SAE) as Classifiers with encouraging performance accuracy. One of the designed SAE models outperforms the performance of DBN and the models presented in existing research by an impressive error rate of 1.1% on the test set bearing accuracy of 98.9%. The findings in this study, may provide a contribution towards the state of the art performance on the problem of EEG based eye state classification.</p>
Enhanced Automatic Question Creator--EAQC: Concept, Development and Evaluation of an Automatic Test Item Creation Tool to Foster Modern e-Education (2011)

Research in automated creation of test items for assessment purposes became increasingly important during the recent years. Due to automatic question creation it is possible to support personalized and selfdirected learning activities by preparing appropriate and individualized test items quite easily with relatively little effort or even fully automatically. In this paper, which is an extended version of the conference paper of Gutl, Lankmayr and Weinhofer (2010), we present our most recent work on the automated creation of different types of test items. More precisely, we describe the design and the development of the Enhanced Automatic Question Creator (EAQC) which extracts most important concepts out of textual learning content and creates single choice, multiple-choice, completion exercises and open ended questions on the basis of these concepts. Our approach combines statistical, structural and semantic methods of natural language processing as well as a rule-based AI solution for concept extraction and test item creation. The prototype is designed in a flexible way to support easy changes or improvements of the above mentioned methods. EAQC is designed to deal with multilingual learning material and in its recent version English and German content is supported. Furthermore, we discuss the usage of the EAGC from the users’ viewpoint and also present first results of an evaluation study in which students were asked to evaluate the relevance of the extracted concepts and the quality of the created test items. Results of this study showed that the concepts extracted and questions created by the EAQC were indeed relevant with respect to the learning content. Also the level of the questions and the provided answers were appropriate. Regarding the terminology of the questions and the selection of the distractors, which had been criticized most during the evaluation study, we discuss some aspects that could be considered in the future in order to enhance the automatic generation of questions. Nevertheless the results are promising and suggest that the quality of the automatically extracted concepts and created test items is comparable to human generated ones.
Protonation of organometallic hydrides with fluorochemical acids (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtonation of organometallic hydrides with fluorochemical acidsAllen R. Siedle, Richard A. Newmark, Louis H. Pignolet, and Richard D. HowellsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 5, 1510–1511Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00317a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passive Tag for Multi-carrier RFID Systems (2011)

A passive RFID tag derives its power from RF signal emitted by a RFID reader and responds its modulated backscatter signals to the reader. Because of the large propagation loss, the accessible range of a passive RFID tag is hence limited. In addition, the readability of a passive RFID tag is often influenced by multipath fading problems. In order to mitigate the problems, a multi-carrier UHF passive RFID system utilizes isolated power sources which provide additional power to passive RFID tags via a carrier frequency different with the RFID reader operating frequencies. This approach however affects reader command demodulation circuit of a passive RFID tag. This work proposes a new passive tag demodulation circuit design which is more suitable for multi-carrier RFID systems.
Recent Syntheses of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines, 2,3-Dihydro-4(1H)-quinolinones and 4(1H)-Quinolinones using Domino Reactions (2013)

A review of the recent literature is given focusing on synthetic approaches to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolinones and 4(1H)-quinolinones using domino reactions. These syntheses involve: (1) reduction or oxidation followed by cyclization; (2) SNAr-terminated sequences; (3) acid-catalyzed ring closures or rearrangements; (4) high temperature cyclizations and (5) metal-promoted processes as well as several less thoroughly studied reactions. Each domino method is presented with a brief discussion of mechanism, scope, yields, simplicity and potential utility.
Laser and novel light source treatments for psoriasis (2004)

This article will highlight and review the employment of laser-assisted devices in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
Antiproliferative effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in epidermal growth factor-stimulated growth of human gastric cancer cells. (1994)

AGS human gastric cancer cells were characterized to possess EGF receptors. Scatchard analysis revealed a half saturation constant of 0.6 nM and 9000 receptors per cell. Exogenously added EGF stimulated gastric cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum effect of +38% at 10 nM EGF. Inhibition of the EGFR-associated tyrosine kinase by genistein and the tyrphostins RG-13022, RG-14620 and RG-50864 resulted in a dose-dependent growth inhibition with half maximal inhibition at 10 microM, 7 microM and 23 microM, respectively. EGF mediated growth stimulation was dose-dependently reversed by coincubation with genistein. At genistein concentrations exceeding 6 microM serum-stimulated growth of AGS cancer cells was also inhibited. We conclude that EGF is an important growth factor for AGS gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the EGFR-associated tyrosine kinase seems to be an effective antiproliferative principle in EGFR-positive human gastric cancer cells.
Lateral Diffusion of Proteins in Membranes (1987)

Membrane protein lateral diffusion can be constrained in several ways: Diffusion can be slower than that predicted for a simple, fluid lipid bilayer; diffusion can be confined to certain regions within the total membrane; and diffusion may not be equally probable in all directions, i.e. it may be anisotropic. We know that protein diffusion is reduced by increasing concentrations of membrane proteins and by interactions of the diffusant with structure(s) peripheral to the membrane. The molecular nature of such peripheral constraints has been difficult to pinpoint, but attention is now being directed to the extracellular matrix in addition to the membrane-associated cytoskeleton. There are many proteins that are confined to lateral domains in differentiated, isolated cells and in cells organized into tissue. The mechanisms that maintain such inhomogeneous distributions should be elucidated in the next few years. Whether lateral diffusion of membrane proteins over distances of a few micrometers is usually isotropic or anisotropic will be ascertained in the near future using imaging methods combined with photobleaching.
Viscosity of deeply supercooled water and its coupling to molecular diffusion (2015)

The viscosity of a liquid measures its resistance to flow, with consequences for hydraulic machinery, locomotion of microorganisms, and flow of blood in vessels and sap in trees. Viscosity increases dramatically upon cooling, until dynamical arrest when a glassy state is reached. Water is a notoriously poor glassformer, and the supercooled liquid crystallizes easily, making the measurement of its viscosity a challenging task. Here we report viscosity of water supercooled close to the limit of homogeneous crystallization. Our values contradict earlier data. A single power law reproduces the 50-fold variation of viscosity up to the boiling point. Our results allow us to test the Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye relations that link viscosity, a macroscopic property, to the molecular translational and rotational diffusion, respectively. In molecular glassformers or liquid metals, the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation signals the onset of spatially heterogeneous dynamics and collective motions. Although the viscosity of water strongly decouples from translational motion, a scaling with rotational motion remains, similar to canonical glassformers.
Metal monothiobenzoates (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal monothiobenzoatesV. V. Savant, J. Gopalakrishnan, and C. C. PatelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 4, 748–751Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50086a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50086a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Physical Demands of the Tree (Vriksasana) and One-Leg Balance (Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana) Poses Performed by Seniors: A Biomechanical Examination (2012)

Yoga is considered especially suitable for seniors because poses can be modified to accommodate practitioners' capabilities and limitations. In this study, biomechanical assessments on healthy seniors (n = 20; 70.1 ± 3.8 yr) were used to quantify the physical demands, (net joint moments of force [JMOFs] and muscular activation in the lower extremities) associated with the performance of 3 variations (introductory, intermediate, advanced) of 2 classical Hatha yoga poses - Tree and One-Leg Balance (OLB). ANOVA and Cohen's-d were used to contrast the postural variations statistically. The advanced (single-limb, without additional support) versions were hypothesized to generate the greatest demands, followed by the intermediate (single-limb [Tree] and bilateral-limb [OLB] with support) and introductory (bilateral-limb) versions. Our findings, however, suggest that common, long-held conceptions about pose modifications can be counter-intuitive. There was no difference between the intermediate and advanced Tree variations regarding hip and knee JMOFs in both the sagittal and frontal planes (P = 0.13-0.98). Similarly, OLB introductory and intermediate variations induced sagittal JMOFs that were in the opposite direction of the classic advanced pose version at the hip and knee (P < .001; d = 0.98-2.36). These biomechanical insights provide evidence that may be used by instructors, clinicians and therapists when selecting pose modifications for their yoga participants.
Verification of partially coherent light diffraction models in x-ray lithography (1991)

The image formed in proximity x-ray lithography is normally computed using a physical optics model that takes in explicit account diffraction processes. It is important to understand the assumption implicit in the various models and the effects that they have on the image formation. We concentrate, in particular, on the effect of the type of illumination on the quality of the image that can be obtained in proximity x-ray lithography. In this paper, different methods of calculating the diffraction of partially coherent light are compared and the approximations implicit in each discussed. In a partially coherent system, the properties of the source play an intrinsic role in image formation, so they must be treated together with the imaging process. The full detailed calculations are too complex for implementation on even a supercomputer but, for some types of sources and optical systems it is possible to simplify the problem. Particularly important is the issue of the validity of the linear shift-invariant system approximation, since it allows great improvements in computational time. We prove the validity of the approximation and verify it using a full 4D numerical integration, based on the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld theory and realized on a Cray YMP8 supercomputer. Application of the results to some physical cases of 0.25 and 0.1 μm features is presented and discussed, illustrating the wide process latitude and resolution of x-ray lithography.
Chemically assisted ion beam etching of laser diode facets on nonpolar and semipolar orientations of GaN (2016)

This work was supported by the Solid State Lighting and Energy Electronics Center (SSLEEC) at UCSB and the KACST-KAUST-UCSB Solid State Lighting Program (SSLP). A portion of this work was completed in the UCSB nanofabrication facility, part of the NSF National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN) (ECS-0335765), as well as the UCSB Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) facilities, which are supported under the NSF MRSEC program (DMR-1121053). The authors thank B Lingg for his assistance with the CAIBE tool maintenance, L Megalini and C Forman for informative experiments, and R Farrell, T Margalith, J Speck and C Weisbuch for their useful comments.
Prediction filter design for active noise cancellation headphones (2013)

Digital active noise control (ANC) for headphones usually has to predict the noise because of the latency of common audio converters. In adaptive feedback ANC, the prediction is based on the noise that entered the headphone. This noise is low‐pass filtered because of the physical barrier of the ear cups. In this study, this low‐pass characteristic is exploited to define a prediction filter which does not require real‐time updates. For broadband noises, the prediction filter performs better than adaptive prediction methods like the least mean squares algorithm or iterated one‐step predictions in the relevant frequency band. This is shown in simulations as well as in measurements. In addition, the authors show that their prediction filter is more robust against changes in the acoustics of the headphone.
Method for In situ Measurements of Ink Jet Printed Ink Drops (2004)

A laboratory simulation technique that is able to study in situ drying of ink jet printed ink drops and to predict results of ink jet printing on a given substrate before mass production has been developed. The technique includes drop formation (ink jetting), imaging, and data processing. The imaging and data processing parts of the system also enable analyzing industrially-printed materials. A possibility to predict mass production results using less then 1 ml of ink is demonstrated. High fl exibility makes the system applicable for different optimization tasks such as ink-substrate matching, ink formulation optimization, drying technology development, etc. By analyzing different quality parameters we give a rigorous defi nition of roundness and show its importance in evaluating print quality.
A new probability distribution for simultaneous representation of uncertain position and orientation (2014)

© 2014 International Society of Information Fusion. This work proposes a novel way to represent uncertainty on the Lie group of rigid-body motions in the plane. This is achieved by using dual quaternions for representation of a planar rigid-body motion and proposing a probability distribution from the exponential family of distributions that inherently respects the underlying structure of the representation. This is particularly beneficial in scenarios involving strong measurement noise. A relationship between the newly proposed distributional model and the Bingham distribution is discussed. The presented results involve formulas for computation of the normalization constant, the mode, parameter estimation techniques, and a closed-form Bayesian measurement fusion.