gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitation of area postrema neurons by transmitters, peptides, and cyclic nucleotides (1988)

1. Multiple-barreled microelectrodes were used to record from neurons in the area postrema of anesthetized dogs and to test the responses of the neurons to a variety of substances in this structure, which is known to function as the chemoceptive trigger zone for emesis. 2. The neurons in area postrema were silent at rest but could be "found" by virtue of their response to ionophoretic glutamate. The glutamic response was brief and of short latency with high frequency of discharge. 3. Dog area postrema neurons were also excited by over 20 other substances, including acetylcholine, the biogenic amines, several peptides, and at least two hormones. Not all agents were excitatory, however. 4. The responses to all excitatory agents except glutamate were similar and unusual. All responses showed a relatively long latency (3-20 s), a long duration of excitation (30 s to many minutes), and a low discharge frequency (1-3 Hz). 5. There was a good correlation between substances that were excitatory on area postrema neurons and substances known to cause emesis. Because emesis due to intravenous application of these substances is known to be abolished in animals with ablation of the area postrema, it is very likely that recordings were from the neurons which trigger the response. 6. Because so many substances elicit the same type of response there is a possibility that all utilize a common second messenger. Neurons were not excited by ionophoresis of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) but were excited by 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. 7. Behavioral studies were performed looking for emetic responses in awake dogs following intravenous injection of apomorphine, insulin, angiotensin II, and leucine enkephalin. For each a threshold concentration could be determined, which would consistently evoke emesis. 8. Dogs pretreated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, or RO 1724) showed a shift in the threshold concentration of the above substances that triggered emesis, such that emesis was evoked by lower concentrations than in the control. 9. These results suggest that neurons of the dog area postrema trigger the emetic reflex in response to specific receptors for a great variety of transmitters, peptides, and hormones, and that these receptors act through a common second messenger, cAMP.
Intraoperative Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring Predicts Peripheral Nerve Injury during Cardiac Surgery (1993)

Intraoperative upper extremity SEPs may be used to predict peripheral nerve injury occurring during cardiac surgery.
A WD Repeat Protein, Rec14, Essential for Meiotic Recombination in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (1997)

Mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rec14 gene reduce meiotic recombination by as much as a factor of 1000 in the three intervals tested on chromosomes I and III. A DNA clone complementing the rec14 mutation was shown by genetic and physical analysis to contain the rec14 gene, which was functional in plasmid-borne inserts as small as 1.4 kb. The rec14 gene contains two exons separated by a 53-bp intron, which was confirmed by analysis of rec14 transcripts. The spliced transcript encodes a protein product of 302 amino acids, which contains six WD repeat motifs found in the G-beta transducin family of proteins and other proteins, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ski8 (Rec103) protein. Although the rec14 transcripts were present in mitotically dividing cells, rec14 mutations had no detectable effect on mitotic recombination. The pattern of expression of rec14 differes from that of previously analyzed S. pombe rec genes. Based upon mutant phenotypes and amino acid sequence similarities, we propose that S. pombe Rec14 is a functional homologue of S. cerevisiae Rec103.
Antitumor Activity of Entrectinib, a Pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK Inhibitor, in <i>ETV6-NTRK3</i> –Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2017)

Activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) family tyrosine kinases by chromosomal rearrangement has been shown to drive a wide range of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. TRK fusions are actionable targets as evidenced by recent clinical trial results in solid tumors. Entrectinib (RXDX-101) is an investigational, orally available, CNS-active, highly potent, and selective kinase inhibitor against TRKA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK kinase activities. Here, we demonstrate that TRK kinase inhibition by entrectinib selectively targets preclinical models of TRK fusion-driven hematologic malignancies. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines with endogenous expression of the <i>ETV6-NTRK3</i> fusion gene, entrectinib treatment blocked cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death <i>in vitro</i> with subnanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values. Phosphorylation of the ETV6-TRKC fusion protein and its downstream signaling effectors was inhibited by entrectinib treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In animal models, entrectinib treatment at clinically relevant doses resulted in tumor regression that was accompanied by elimination of residual cancer cells from the bone marrow. Our preclinical data demonstrate the potential of entrectinib as an effective treatment for patients with TRK fusion-driven AML and other hematologic malignancies. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 455-63. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Magnetic structural effects of flow through beds of magnetizable particles (1988)

Magnetizable bed structures are discussed with respect to fixed-, intermediate- and fluidized-bed states. Magnetic intermediate- and fixed-bed structures depend on defluidization paths, with the magnetic alignment of particles being maintained by the field as fluid velocity is diminished. Data are provided of experimental versus theoretical pressure drop, and superficial velocities are reported that provide information in the form of increased effective porosities which reflect the magnetic structural changes. Major and minor magnetic structural hysteresis phenomena are defined and options of using alternating bed structures are discussed. The effect of field gradients on fluidized beds, and implications of bed structures regarding potential use for particle processing and magnetic separation are also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploring the critical thickness for maximum reflectance of optical reflectors based on polymer-filler composites (2016)

The existence of a critical thickness at which the optical reflectance of a polymer-filler composite reaches its maximum value is demonstrated and its dependence on back reflection of the substrate, filler volume fraction, filler size, as well as the matrix-filler refractive indices difference is elucidated. The analytical model developed which is expected to accelerate the design and optimization of polymer-filler composite reflectors is verified experimentally.
Ischemia induces translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane of cardiac myocytes. (1994)

Ischemia causes substantial translocation of GLUT4 molecules to the plasma membrane of cardiac myocytes. A combination of insulin plus ischemia stimulates an even greater degree of GLUT4 translocation. GLUT4 translocation is likely to mediate at least part of the increased glucose uptake of ischemic myocardium and may be a mechanism for the cardioprotective effect of insulin during acute myocardial ischemia.
Bisphosphonates and breast carcinoma (2000)

Bisphosphonates are analogues of endogenous pyrophosphates in which a carbon atom replaces the central atom of oxygen. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and are effective in decreasing the incidence of skeletal complications in breast carcinoma patients with osteolytic bone metastases.Zoledronate is a new, potent third-generation bisphosphonate that is 500-1000 times more potent than pamidronate. A Phase II clinical trial of 0.4, 2.0, or 4.0 mg of zoledronate as a 5-minute infusion or 90 mg of pamidronate as a 2-hour infusion recently was completed. In addition, osteoprotegerin (OPG) recently has been identified as a novel, naturally occurring protein that inhibits osteoclast formation.A 5-minute infusion of 2.0 or 4.0 mg of zoledronate is at least as effective as 90 mg of pamidronate in preventing skeletal complications. OPG currently is entering Phase I clinical trials. Finally, tumor cells staining strongly for matrix metalloproteinases are observed in osteolytic pathologic bone fractures secondary to metastatic carcinoma. In many of these lesions frequent tumor cells are observed and osteoclasts are rare.Bisphosphonate treatment can decrease skeletal events in patients with breast carcinoma that is metastatic to bone. Current trials to improve results further are employing more potent bisphosphonates such as zoledronate and nonbisphosphate inhibitors of osteoclasts such as OPG. An osteoclast-independent phase of bone destruction also deserves further consideration.
Compact top-wall hybrid/coupler design for extreme broad bandwidth applications (2005)

A design approach for compact waveguide top-wall short-slot 3 dB hybrids is introduced to achieve high performance properties over extreme large bandwidths up to 30%. The hybrid principle relies on the dual mode propagation of TE10/TEM modes in a common coupling region. The CAD, established for this design task, is based on a combined Finite Element / Mode-Matching (FE/MM) method to accommodate with the particular constraints of the structure. Several hybrids have been designed for frequency bands from 4 to 40GHz. Validation of this novel CAD approach is demonstrated by a realized 12GHz design which exhibits accurate coincidence of computed and measured characteristics.
Transthyretin Ile73Val is associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in a Bangladeshi family (1998)

Amyloidosis is characterised by the extracellular deposition of certain different proteins in a distinctively abnormal fibrillar conformation. All types of amyloid fibril share remarkably similar structural and biophysical properties despite substantial chemical heterogeneity among their respective precursor proteins. Hereditary amyloidosis associated with genetically determined protein variants is rare, but is extremely important as a model for studying the pathogenesis of amyloidosis generally. We report a novel mutation of the transthyretin (TTR) coding for TTR Ile73Val which is associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) in a Bangladeshi family. The mutation was detected by direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified TTR exons. It creates an additional AccI restriction enzyme site in exon 3, allowing confirmation of its presence by RFLP. Amyloid detected in sural nerve and colonic biopsies was shown to be composed of TTR by immunohistochemistry. The predominant clinical features were progressive autonomic and sensori-motor peripheral neuropathy, beginning at age 50 years. The proband's father and two siblings had similar illnesses. These findings indicate Val73 is an amyloidogenic variant of TTR. Hum Mutat 12:135, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Functionally Rigid Bistable [2]Rotaxanes (2007)

Two-station [2]rotaxanes in the shape of a degenerate naphthalene (NP) shuttle and a nondegenerate monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF)/NP redox-controllable switch have been synthesized and characterized in solution. Their dumbbell-shaped components are composed of polyether chains interrupted along their lengths by (i) two pi-electron-rich stations-two NP moieties or a MPTTF unit and a NP moiety-with (ii) a rigid arylethynyl or butadiynyl spacer situated between the two stations and terminated by (iii) flexibly tethered hydrophobic stoppers at each end of the dumbbells. This modification was investigated as a means to simplify both molecular structure and switching function previously observed in related bistable [2]rotaxanes with flexible spacers between their stations and incorporating a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) ring. The nondegenerate MPTTF-NP switch was isolated as near isomer-free bistable [2]rotaxane. Utilization of MPTTF removes the cis/trans isomerization that characterizes the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) parent core structure. Furthermore, only one translational isomer is observed (> 95 < 5), surprisingly across a wide temperature range (198-323 K), meaning that the CBPQT4+ ring component resides, to all intents and purposes, predominantly on the MPTTF unit in the ground state. As a consequence of these two effects, the assignment of NMR and UV-vis data is more simplified as compared to previous donor-acceptor bistable [2]rotaxanes. This development has not only allowed for much better control over the position of the ring component in the ground state but also for control over the location of the CBPQT4+ ring during solution-state switching experiments, triggered either chemically (1H NMR) or electrochemically (cyclic voltammetry). In this instance, the use of the rigid spacer defines an unambiguous distance of 1.5 nm over which the ring moves between the MPTTF and NP units. The degenerate NP/NP [2]rotaxane was used to investigate the shuttling barrier by dynamic 1H NMR spectroscopy for the movement of the CBPQT4+ ring across the new rigid spacer. It is evident from these measurements that the rigid spacer poses a much lower barrier to the 1.0 nm movement of the CBPQT4+ ring from one station to another as compared with previous systems-a finding that is thought to be a result of the combination of fewer favorable interactions between the spacer and the CBPQT4+ ring and a relatively unimpeded path between the two NP stations. This example augers well for exploiting rigidity during the development of well-defined bistable [2]rotaxanes, which are unencumbered by the excesses of structural conformations that have characterized the first generations of molecular switches based on the donor-acceptor recognition motif.
Non-imprinted <i>Igf2r</i> expression decreases growth and rescues the <i>Tme</i> mutation in mice (2001)

In the mouse the insulin-like growth factor receptor type 2 gene (Igf2r) is imprinted and maternally expressed. Igf2r encodes a trans-membrane receptor that transports mannose-6-phosphate tagged proteins and insulin-like growth factor 2 to lysosomes. During development the receptor reduces the amount of insulin-like growth factors and thereby decreases embryonic growth. The dosage of the gene is tightly regulated by genomic imprinting, leaving only the maternal copy of the gene active. Although the function of Igf2r in development is well established, the function of imprinting the gene remains elusive. Gene targeting experiments in mouse have demonstrated that the majority of genes are not sensitive to gene dosage, and mice heterozygous for mutations generally lack phenotypic alterations. To investigate whether reduction of Igf2r gene dosage by genomic imprinting has functional consequences for development we generated a non-imprinted allele (R2Delta). We restored biallelic expression to Igf2r by deleting a critical element for repression of the paternal allele (region 2) in mouse embryonic stem cells. Maternal inheritance of the R2Delta allele has no phenotype; however, paternal inheritance results in biallelic expression of Igf2r, which causes a 20% reduction in weight late in embryonic development that persists into adulthood. Paternal inheritance of the R2Delta allele rescues the lethality of a maternally inherited Igf2r null allele and a maternally inherited Tme (T-associated maternal effect) mutation. These data show that the biological function of imprinting Igf2r is to increase birth weight and they also establish Igf2r as the Tme gene.
GPU Acceleration of BCP Procedure for SAT Algorithms (2012)

The satisfiability problem (SAT) is widely applicable and one of the most basic NP-complete problems. This problem has been required to be solved as fast as possible because of its significance, but it takes exponential time in the worst case to solve. Therefore, we aim to save the computation time by parallel computing on a GPU. We propose parallelization of BCP (Boolean Constraint Propagation) procedure, one of the most effective techniques for SAT, on a GPU. For a 2.93GHz Intel Core i3 CPU and an NVIDIA GeForce GTX480, our experiment shows that the GPU accelerates our SAT solver based on our BCPembedded divide and conquer algorithm 6.7 times faster than the CPU counterpart
An Interactive RFID-based Bracelet for Airport Luggage Tracking System (2013)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a promising technology that has been implemented lately in airports. RFID tags are used to identify and track the location of passengers' luggage. This paper investigates the use of an interactive bracelet that communicates with the RFID system by mean of a database application. The database system interacts with the bracelet using messages that inform the passenger about his luggage status. The proposed database design and implementation are also discussed to describe the different functionalities of the application.
Auto-tuning Spark Big Data Workloads on POWER8 (2016)

Much research work devotes to tuning big data analytics in modern data centers, since %the truth that even a small percentage of performance improvement immediately translates to huge cost savings because of the large scale. Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) receives great interest from data center communities, as it has the potential to boost performance of big data analytics by increasing the processor resources utilization. For example, the emerging processor architectures like POWER8 support up to 8-way multithreading. However, as different big data workloads have disparate architectural characteristics, how to identify the most efficient SMT configuration to achieve the best performance is challenging in terms of both complex application behaviors and processor architectures. In this paper, we specifically focus on auto-tuning SMT configuration for Spark-based big data workloads on POWE-R8. However, our methodology could be generalized and extended to other programming software stacks and other architectures.
Laser beam homogenizing: limitations and constraints (2008)

Laser beam homogenizing and beam shaping are key enabling technologies for many applications today. Periodic microlens arrays are widely used to transform Gaussian or non-uniform beam profile into a uniform "flat-top". Each microlens element samples the input beam and spreads it over a given angular distribution. Incoherent beams that are either temporally or spatially incoherent can produce very uniform intensity profiles. However, coherent beams will experience interference effects in the recombination of the beams generated by each individual microlens element. Rotating or moving elements, such as a rotating diffuser or a vibrating optical fiber, are used to average these interference patterns. An integration of several different patterns will smooth out the intensity profile. Unfortunately, this averaging is not always possible. Some applications require a single shot from a pulse laser or work at very high data rates that do not allow an averaging over 10 to 50 frames. We will discuss the concepts of Köhler illumination and Köhler integrators and its limitations and constrains for laser beam homogenizing. We will show how micro-optical elements comprised of a randomly varying component can be used to smooth out interference and speckle effects within the far-field intensity profile.
Epitaxial BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/MgO Structure Grown on GaAs(100) by Pulsed Laser Deposition<sup>*</sup> (1993)

BaTiO 3 thin films on MgO encapsulated GaAs(100) were prepared epitaxially, in condition ranging from 600°C to 800°C and from 2×10 -4 Torr O 2 to 1×10 -2 Torr O 2 , by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial relationship between all materials was cube-on-cube. BaTiO 3 thin films obtained were c axis oriented tetragonal phase and showed ferroelectric properties. Epitaxial BaTiO 3 had quite smooth surface of less than 100 Å in roughness. BaTiO 3 grown on 40-Å-thick epitaxial MgO was also epitaxial although defect density in BaTiO 3 looked higher than that in BaTiO 3 grown on 400-Å-thick MgO. The interfaces of BaTiO 3 /40-Å-thick MgO/GaAs structure were abrupt and free of secondary phases in spite of the quite thin MgO layer.
Ice Nucleation in Emulsified Aqueous Solutions of Antifreeze Protein Type III and Poly(vinyl alcohol) (2011)

Antifreeze protein (AFP) III and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are known as anti-ice nucleating agents (anti-INAs), which inhibit heterogeneous ice nucleation. However, the effectiveness of these anti-INAs in inhibiting ice nucleation in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, in which homogeneous ice nucleation can be experimentally simulated, is unclear. In this study, the ice nucleation temperature in emulsified solutions of AFP III, PVA, and other nonanti-INA polymers was measured, and then the nucleation rate was analyzed based on classical nucleation theory. Results showed that ice nucleation was surface-initiated and, except for PVA solutions, probably caused heterogeneously by the emulsifier, SPAN 65, at the droplet surfaces. In this nucleation mode, AFP III had no significant effect on the ice nucleation rate. In contrast, PVA exhibited ice-nucleating activity only at the droplet surfaces, suggesting that the nucleation is due to the interaction between PVA and SPAN 65.
Encapsulation of inorganic particles via miniemulsion polymerization. III. Characterization of encapsulation (2000)

The application of the miniemulsion polymerization technique to the encapsulation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) inside polystyrene latex particles was investigated. Complete encapsulation, meaning all of the polystyrene encapsulating all of the TiO2 in the colloidal particles, was not achieved. The most successful encapsulations were only achieved when the TiO2 particles, either hydrophilic or hydrophobic, were well dispersed in the styrene monomer prior to formation and polymerization of the miniemulsions. The TiO2 dispersions in styrene were prepared by sonification of the TiO2 in the presence of an adsorbing steric stabilizer OLOA 370 (polybutene–succinimide pentamine). Miniemulsions were prepared by dispersing the monomer phase (also containing hexadecane as a costabilizer and polystyrene to enhance the nucleation of the droplets) in water using sodium lauryl sulfate as surfactant. The latexes resulting from the subsequent polymerizations were characterized in terms of the encapsulation efficiencies (via density gradient column separations) and particle size. The maximum encapsulation efficiencies (83% TiO2 and 73% polystyrene) were achieved using hydrophilic TiO2 particles stabilized with 1.0 wt % OLOA 370. As the density of the particles collected from the density gradient column increased from zone to zone, both the average particle size and number of the TiO2 particles contained in each latex particle increased with the largest particle size (209 nm) containing an estimated 22 TiO2 particles. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4441–4450, 2000