gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser shock processing of materials, physical processes involved and examples of applications (1996)

Laser shock processing (LSP) consists of irradiating a metallic target with a short (about 20 ns) and intense (&gt;1013W m−2) laser light in order to generate, through a high pressure surface plasma (&gt;1 GPa), a plastic deformation and a surface strengthening within materials. This paper initially reviews the physical processes involved in the analytical modeling of the generation pressure mechanism in a confined plasma regime. Limiting factors such as the dielectric breakdown in the confining medium are also discussed together with current research directions aimed at improving the laser—material coupling such as using short rise time pulses instead of Gaussian ones or shorter wavelengths than the traditional λ = 1.06 μm. Surface mechanical effects are also theoretically and experimentally presented. They consist mainly of compressive residual stresses generated in the first 1–2 mm of depth that are the key to enhanced mechanical properties. The application of LSP to two new areas is presented. These areas are the improvement of the fatigue behavior in aluminum alloys and a thermomechanical treatment using both a CO2 laser for surface quenching and a pulsed Nd–glass laser for mechanical shock strengthening. Finally the attractive and detrimental features of LSP are discussed with the objective of defining an industrially convenient laser shock configuration.
Detection and rapid increase of salivary antibodies to <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i>, an indigenous bacterium in rabbit saliva, through a single tonsillar application of bacterial cells (2001)

In rabbits, Staphylococcus lentus is one of the major bacteria in saliva and a minor bacteria in jejunum fluids and nasal wash. The presence and induction of naturally occurring antibodies reacting to rabbit indigenous bacteria were studied. In non-immune rabbits, the proportion of anti-S. lentus IgA antibodies to total IgA in the saliva was several times higher than that in the intestinal fluids and the nasal wash. The salivary antibodies were found to have increased 1 week after a single tonsillar application of isolated S. lentus cells but not after a single nasal application or a single intragastric instillation. In addition, the anti-S. lentus antibodies in the saliva highly increased with weekly tonsillar applications of isolated S. lentus but increased only one-fifth with weekly nasal applications of the same cells. These results strongly suggest that the palatine tonsils, which we believe had already been sensitized by S. lentus in the physiological condition, induced naturally occurring antibodies in rabbit saliva.
Endoscopic Photography (2003)

We introduce a simple, inexpensive, and easily available endoscopic digital photography system. Digital photography offers numerous advantages over analog photography in a clinical practice. Digital imaging and archiving is more durable and easier to incorporate into patient records and clinical presentations. As the demand for high-quality digital imaging increases, easy-to-use inexpensive digital endoscopic photography will soon replace 35-mm camera technology.
Compact polarization-independent optical circulator (1981)

This paper introduces a compact polarization-independent optical circulator for communications using multimode optical fibers. This circulator consists of two pairs of rutile prisms used as polarization separators, a YIG Faraday rotator, a ring-shaped magnet, and a quartz halfwave plate. Insertion losses of 2.3 dB including fiber connection losses and isolations of 32 dB at a wavelength of 1.3 epsilonm were obtained using this circulator, and stabilization of the semiconductor laser was confirmed. Details on the design, fabrication, and characteristics of this circulator are presented.
Ligand-Occupied Integrin Internalization Links Nutrient Signaling to Invasive Migration (2015)

Integrin trafficking is key to cell migration, but little is known about the spatiotemporal organization of integrin endocytosis. Here, we show that α5β1 integrin undergoes tensin-dependent centripetal movement from the cell periphery to populate adhesions located under the nucleus. From here, ligand-engaged α5β1 integrins are internalized under control of the Arf subfamily GTPase, Arf4, and are trafficked to nearby late endosomes/lysosomes. Suppression of centripetal movement or Arf4-dependent endocytosis disrupts flow of ligand-bound integrins to late endosomes/lysosomes and their degradation within this compartment. Arf4-dependent integrin internalization is required for proper lysosome positioning and for recruitment and activation of mTOR at this cellular subcompartment. Furthermore, nutrient depletion promotes subnuclear accumulation and endocytosis of ligand-engaged α5β1 integrins via inhibition of mTORC1. This two-way regulatory interaction between mTORC1 and integrin trafficking in combination with data describing a role for tensin in invasive cell migration indicate interesting links between nutrient signaling and metastasis.
Real-Time Object Segmentation in Smart Camera for Remote Surveillance Scenario (2010)

Smart cameras are expected to be important components in video surveillance applications. In any remote surveillance scenario, smart cameras have to take intelligent decisions to select frames of interest and regions of interest to minimize communication and processing overhead. This paper proposes a clustering based scheme for filtering frames of interest and regions of interest using object segmentation to reduce the volume of data needed for further processing and communication. The algorithm is structured for facilitating easy implementation in embedded environment. This scheme enables the camera to communicate only segmented regions in frames of interest to a server and at the same time alleviate the need for computationally costly compression and decompression operations at the source and destination for subsequent tasks like tracking etc. Experimental results have established effectiveness of our scheme.
Two structural domains as a general fold of the toxic fragment of the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>δ‐endotoxins (1991)

The unfolding by guanidine hydrochloride of the toxic fragment of a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin belonging to the CryIC class reveals a two-step denaturation under both acid and alkaline conditions. This demonstrates the existence of two structural domains as building blocks for this toxin. Protease digests performed on a CryIA(b) and CryIC B. thuringiensis toxin, under native and partially denatured conditions, confirm this conclusion. Whereas the native CryIC toxin is completely protease resistant, the CryIA(b) toxin, earlier described as consisting of two structural domains [Convents, D., Houssier, C., Lasters, I. & Lauwereys, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1369-1375], is cleaved by three proteases, resulting in at least two common fragments. This suggests that this toxin is built up of two globular units linked by a protease-susceptible linker. The detection of a stable intermediate along the denaturation curve allows us to study and compare the consecutive unfolding of the structural domains for both toxins. By addition of a protease, under conditions where such an unfolding intermediate exists, a single denaturation phase can be assigned to a specific part of the protein. These experiments lead to the conclusion that the domain whose stability is highly dependent on pH corresponds to the N-terminal half of both toxins.
The ultrasonic/shear-force microscope: Integrating ultrasonic sensing into a near-field scanning optical microscope (2005)

An ultrasonic transducer is incorporated into a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) to augment its versatility to characterize the properties of layers adsorbed to a sample’s surface. Working under typical NSOM operation conditions, the ultrasonic transducer—attached underneath the sample—demonstrates sufficient sensitivity to monitor the waves generated by the tapered NSOM probe that oscillates in the proximity of, and parallel to, the sample’s top surface. This capability makes the newly integrated ultrasonic/shear-force microscope a valuable diagnostic tool in the study of sliding friction and surface phenomena in general. Here, it is used to concurrently and independently monitor the effects that probe-sample interactions exert on the probe (that is attached to a piezoelectric tuning fork) and on the sample (that is attached to the ultrasonic transducer). The signal from the tuning fork (TF) constitutes the so called “shear-force” signal, widely used in NSOM as a feedback to control the probe’s vertical position but whose working mechanism is not yet well understood. Tests involving repeated vertical z motion of the probe towards and away from the sample’s surface reveal that the TF and ultrasonic (US) signals have distinct z dependence. Additionally, where the TF signal showed abrupt changes during the approach, the US changed accordingly. A shift in the probe’s resonance frequency that depends on the probe-sample distance is also observed through both the TF and the US responses. Within the sensitivity of the apparatus, ultrasonic signals were detected only at probe-sample distances where the probe’s resonance frequency had shifted significantly. These measured signals are consistent with a probe entering and leaving a viscoelastic fluid-like film above the sample. The film acts as the medium where waves are generated and coupled to the ultrasonic sensor located beneath the sample. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of ultrasonic detection for detailed monitoring of the distance dependence of probe-sample interactions, and provides direct evidence of sound as an energy dissipation channel in wear-free friction. This newly integrated ultrasonic/shear-force microscope, which can be implemented with any functionalized proximal probe (including aperture and apertureless NSOM), can become a valuable metrology tool in surface science and technology.
The Effect of Hydroxyurea on Differentiated Marrow Erythroid Precursors (1969)

A single i.v. dose of hydroxyurea (0.9 g/kg) produced transient marrow erythroid depopulation and reticulocytopenia in the mouse. Within minutes after drug administration there was a virtually complete erradication of marrow DNA synthesis which persisted for approximately 2 hr. Erythroid cell cycle kinetics, estimated with colchicine, revealed an entry of erythroid cells into mitosis for 80 min followed by no further accumulation of metaphase forms until the seventh hour. Thereafter erythroid cells accumulated in mitosis at a normal rate. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hydroxyurea kills erythroid cells in DNA synthesis; the initial 80-min accumulation of erythroid mitoses represents the progression of G2 cells into mitosis. Unaffected cells in G1 at the time of drug administration require 7-8 hr to progress through DNA synthesis, G2, and enter mitosis. From these data it would appear that hydroxyurea may prove a useful agent in the study of erythropoiesis because of its selective effect on DNA synthesis in the erythroid series.
Performance of throttle-cycle coolers operating with mixed refrigerants designed for industrial applications in a temperature range 110 to 190 K (2002)

The efficiency of coolers designed to provide refrigeration for industrial equipment is discussed. Experience accumulated during more than twenty years of manufacturing shows that multistage auto-cascade coolers provide high refrigeration performance along with rapid cool down and defrost. Both single-stage and two-stage throttle cycles have been analyzed. Comparative data on the performance of the cycles are obtained with a computer model that includes an equation of state to calculate thermodynamic properties of mixed refrigerants. Both flammable argon-hydrocarbon- and nonflammable argon-hydrofluorocarbon-based mixed refrigerants have been considered. Non-flammable environmentally friendly mixed refrigerants include commercially available components. The experimental data were obtained for coolers based on a single-stage compressor. The tested systems provided refrigeration capacity from 500 to 3600 W depending on the compressor displacement volume. A Carnot efficiency coefficient as high as 0.21 was achieved. This corresponds to the efficiency of conventional freezers operating at temperatures above 230 K.
Parameterized MAC unit generation for a scalable embedded DSP core (2008)

This paper describes the architecture and hardware generation concept of a parameterized MAC unit for use in a scalable embedded DSP core. The MAC unit supports a broad set of instructions for integer and fractional datatypes. Its generation is controlled by architectural as well as implementation and placement parameters. Including structured physical placement in the generation process ensures fast and predictable performance estimation. Especially for modern technologies, where wire effects dominate the achievable performance of a circuit, tight control of cell placement makes a predictable quantitative analysis and optimization possible. In the context of an early-stage design space exploration, which is used to determine an optimal DSP core architecture, the presented methodology allows a fast and consistent estimation of the MAC unit's performance characteristics for various "what if" scenarios. Also implementation bottlenecks can be identified in an early project phase. In the context of the subsequent implementation phase, it enables local, detailed, and predictable quantitative design optimizations.
Towards a Principled Approach for Dynamic Analysis of Android's Middleware (2021)

The Android middleware, in particular the so-called systemserver, is a crucial and central component to Android's security and robustness. To understand whether the systemserver provides the demanded security properties, it has to be thoroughly tested and analyzed. A dedicated line of research focuses exclusively on this task. While static analysis builds on established tools, dynamic testing approaches lack a common foundation, which prevents the community from comparing, reproducing, or even re-using existing results from related work. This raises questions about whether the underlying approach of any proposed solution is the only possible or optimal one, if it can be re-used as a building block for future analyses, or whether results generalize. In this work, we argue that in order to steer away from incompatible custom toolchains and towards having comparable analyses with reproducible results, a more principled approach to dynamically analyzing the Android system is required. As an important first step in this direction, we propose a unified dynamic analysis platform that provides re-usable solutions for common challenges as the building blocks for future analyses and allows to compare different approaches under the same assumptions.
Lossless compression techniques for maskless lithography data (2002)

Future lithography systems must produce more dense chips with smaller feature sizes, while maintaining the throughput of one wafer per sixty seconds per layer achieved by today's optical lithography systems. To achieve this throughput with a direct-write maskless lithography system, using 25 nm pixels for 50 nm feature sizes, requires data rates of about 10 Tb/s. In a previous paper, we presented an architecture which achieves this data rate contingent on consistent 25 to 1 compression of lithography data, and on implementation of a decoder-writer chip with a real-time decompressor fabricated on the same chip as the massively parallel array of lithography writers. In this paper, we examine the compression efficiency of a spectrum of techniques suitable for lithography data, including two industry standards JBIG and JPEG-LS, a wavelet based technique SPIHT, general file compression techniques ZIP and BZIP2, our own 2D-LZ technique, and a simple list-of-rectangles representation RECT. Layouts rasterized both to black-and-white pixels, and to 32 level gray pixels are considered. Based on compression efficiency, JBIG, ZIP, 2D-LZ, and BZIP2 are found to be strong candidates for application to maskless lithography data, in many cases far exceeding the required compression ratio of 25. To demonstrate the feasibility of implementing the decoder-writer chip, we consider the design of a hardware decoder based on ZIP, the simplest of the four candidate techniques. The basic algorithm behind ZIP compression is Lempel-Ziv 1977 (LZ77), and the design parameters of LZ77 decompression are optimized to minimize circuit usage while maintaining compression efficiency.
Activity of linezolid against multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria from diverse hospitals in the United Kingdom (2000)

The in vitro activity of linezolid, an oxazolidinone, was assessed against 374 gram-positive cocci, with an emphasis on testing multi-resistant, epidemiologically unrelated isolates. MICs of linezolid for staphylococci, pneumococci and streptococci had a narrow range, from 0.5 to 2 mg/L, whereas MICs for enterococci were uniformly 4 mg/L. For all the species tested, the MICs of linezolid were unrelated to those of other antimicrobials. Linezolid appears to be a potentially useful drug for infections caused by gram-positive cocci.
Frame concealment for H.264/AVC decoders (2005)

The H.264/AVC offers a high video coding efficiency and is the first standard that provides an explicit support for the transmission of multimedia content over a packed switched network, specifying a network abstraction layer (NAL). If we consider the transmission of a low resolution video sequence over a wireless LAN network or a UMTS link, we can usually observe that a coded picture typically fits the packet size, therefore a transmission error produces the loss of a whole frame. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to perform the concealment of a whole frame for H.264/A VC video decoders.
Gd5(SixGe1-x)4: An Extremum Material (2001)

The large shear displacements of atomic layers in Gd5(SixGe1–x)4 materials, coupled with the change of crystallographic symmetry and magnetic order, characterizes these transformations as magnetic–martensitic, which are extremely rare. The start and the end of the magnetic–martensitic transitions depends strongly on the direction of change (i.e., increasing or decreasing) of either or both the temperature and magnetic field. These profound bonding, structural, electronic, and magnetic changes, which occur in the Gd5(SixGe1–x)4 system, bring about some extreme changes of the materials' behavior resulting in a rich variety of unusually powerful magneto-responsive properties, such as the giant magnetocaloric effect, colossal magnetostriction, and giant magnetoresistance.
Measurement and analysis of the infrared-active stretching fundamental (ν3) of UF6 (1985)

High-resolution spectra of the infrared-active stretching fundamental ν3 of 238UF6 have been obtained between 620.6 and 633.5 cm−1 using tunable semiconductor diode lasers. Interference from hot bands was suppressed by cooling the UF6 in a supersonic expansion, and useful monomer concentrations were produced with effective temperatures of &lt;100 K. Portions of the band from P(77) to R(66) are illustrated. All transitions from the vibrational ground state have been assigned, and the Q branch has been fully analyzed. A total of 43 line frequencies and 110 frequency differences extending in J to P(77), Q(91), and R(67) has been used to fit seven spectroscopic constants. The ground- and excited-state values of the rotational constant B could be individually determined, and the U–F bond length in the ground vibrational state is r0=1.9962±0.0007 Å. The Q branch of 235UF6 has also been analyzed and the 235UF6–238UF6 ν3 isotope shift measured to be 0.603 79±0.000 17 cm−1. The isotope shift and the Coriolis constant ζ3 have been used to refine the general quadratic intramolecular force field of UF6, and the Cartesian displacement coordinates of both infrared-active fundamentals are illustrated and compared with those of SF6.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension (2017)

Overall, our results describe a novel causal role of aberrant gut microbiota in contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension. And the significance of early intervention for pre-hypertension was emphasized.
Multi-resource approach to asynchronous SoC : design and tool support (2011)

As silicon cost reduces, the demands for higher performance and lower power consumption are ever increasing. The ability to dynamically control the number of resources employed can help balance and optimise a system in terms of its throughput, power consumption, and resilience to errors. The management of multiple resources requires building more advanced resource allocation logic than traditional 1-of-N arbiters posing the need for the efficient design flow supporting both the design and verification of such systems. Networks-on-Chip provide a good application example of distributed arbitration, in which the processor cores needing to transmit data are the clients; and the point-to-point links are the resources managed by routers. Building fast and smart arbiters can greatly benefit such systems in providing efficient and reliable communication service. In this thesis, a multi-resource arbiter was developed based on the Signal Transition Graph (STG) development flow. The arbiter distributes multiple active interchangeable resources that initiate requests when they are ready to be used. It supports concurrent resource utilization, which benefits creating asynchronous Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MIMO) queues. In order to deal with designs of higher complexity, an arbiter-oriented design flow is proposed. The flow is based on digital circuit components that are represented internally as STGs. This allows designing circuits without directly working with STGs but allowing their use for synthesis and formal verification. The interfaces for modelling, simulation, and visual model representation of the flow were implemented based on the existing modelling framework. As a result, the verification phase of the flow has helped to find hazards in existing Priority arbiter implementations. Finally, based on the logic-gate flow, the structure of a low-latency general purpose arbiter was developed. This design supports a wide variety of arbitration problems including the multi-resource management, which can benefit building NoCs employing complex and adaptive routing techniques.