gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of nugget formation in resistance spot welding (2008)

Resistance spot welding is a widely used joining process for fabricating sheet metal assemblies in automobile industry. In comparison with other welding processes, RSW is fast and easy for automation. This process involves electrical, thermal and mechanical interactions. These make the whole welding procedure highly non-linear and difficult to model. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of spot welding, using finite element code, ANSYS. A two-dimentional axisymmetric model was used to simulate the thermo-electro-mechanical coupling of process. In order to improve accuracy, material properties were defined temperature- dependent and phase transformation was taken into account in simulation. Also thermal contact conductivity (TCC) and electrical contact conductivity (ECC) were considered temperature-dependant. Through simulation, thermal history of process and temperature distributions were predicted. Development of weld nugget during process and effect of process parameters on nugget formation were investigated.
Computing insertion loss in MEMS optical switches caused by non-flat mirrors (2001)

Summary form only given. Recent advances in the field of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have made MEMS based micro-optical switches a promising technology. Optical switches are a very important component in WDM optical fiber communication networks as they allow reconfiguration of the network and add/drop of selected WDM channels with little interference to other channels. One of the key components in MEMS switches is a mirror that directs the incident signal beam. This mirror is a movable structure usually fabricated by surface micromachining. Mirror non-flatness is known to increase the insertion loss and crosstalk in MEMS micro-optical switches. In this paper, we propose a simple model to compute the insertion loss and crosstalk caused by non-flatness and present some representative numerical examples.
Scalable probabilistic databases with factor graphs and MCMC (2010)

Incorporating probabilities into the semantics of incomplete databases has posed many challenges, forcing systems to sacrifice modeling power, scalability, or treatment of relational algebra operators. We propose an alternative approach where the underlying relational database always represents a single world, and an external factor graph encodes a distribution over possible worlds; Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference is then used to recover this uncertainty to a desired level of fidelity. Our approach allows the efficient evaluation of arbitrary queries over probabilistic databases with arbitrary dependencies expressed by graphical models with structure that changes during inference. MCMC sampling provides efficiency by hypothesizing modifications to possible worlds rather than generating entire worlds from scratch. Queries are then run over the portions of the world that change, avoiding the onerous cost of running full queries over each sampled world. A significant innovation of this work is the connection between MCMC sampling and materialized view maintenance techniques: we find empirically that using view maintenance techniques is several orders of magnitude faster than naively querying each sampled world. We also demonstrate our system's ability to answer relational queries with aggregation, and demonstrate additional scalability through the use of parallelization on a real-world complex model of information extraction. This framework is sufficiently expressive to support probabilistic inference not only for answering queries, but also for inferring missing database content from raw evidence.
The Bible (1949)

Journal Article The Bible Get access The Book of the Twelve Prophels, Volume I, Amos, Hosea and Micah, in the King James Version, with Introductions and Critical Notes. By JULIUS A. BEWER . New York: Harper, 1949. 79 pages. 50¢ ROLLAND E. WOLFE ROLLAND E. WOLFE Western Reserve University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XVII, Issue 4, October 1949, Pages 258-b–259, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XVII.4.258-b Published: 01 October 1949
Radium-223: From Radiochemical Development to Clinical Applications in Targeted Cancer Therapy (2008)

The radiobiological and radiochemical properties of radium-223 (223Ra, T1/2 = 11.4 d) render this alpha-emitting radionuclide promising for targeted cancer therapy. Together with its short-lived daughters, each 223Ra decay produces four alpha-particle emissions which enhance therapy effectiveness at the cellular level. In this paper, we review the recently published data reported for pre-clinical and clinical use of 223Ra in cancer treatment. We have evaluated two distinct chemical forms of 223Ra in vivo: 1) cationic 223Ra as dissolved RaCl2, and 2) liposome-encapsulated 223Ra. Cationic 223Ra seeks metabolically active osteoblastic bone and tumor lesions with high uptake and strong binding affinity based on its similarities to calcium. Based on these properties, we have advanced the clinical use of 223Ra for treating bone metastases from breast and prostate cancer. The results show impressive anti-tumor activity and improved overall survival in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. In other studies, we have evaluated the biodistribution and tumor uptake of liposomally encapsulated 223Ra in mice with human osteosarcoma xenografts, and in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma and associated soft tissue metastases. Results indicate excellent biodistributions in both species. In dogs, we found considerable uptake of liposomal 223Ra in cancer metastases in multiple organs, resulting in favorable tumor- to-normal soft tissue ratios. Collectively, these findings show an outstanding potential for 223Ra as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Cancer therapy, radionuclide, alpha-emitter
The Future of Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment: Evolution Not Revolution (2001)

Harleman and Murcott challenge the professionals in the wastewater industry to adopt a specific technology, chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT). They opine that its lack of broader acceptance is due to lack of publications covering the practice, absence of basic research, concerns over sludge production, risk adverse design consultants, the profit motive of design consultants who are aligned with more expensive solutions, and the lack of competitiveness in technology applications in the USA. There is value in reviewing any technology, innovative or well proven, and encouraging its unfettered consideration. However in this case, Harleman and Murcott move well beyond an objective technical assessment of CEPT technology. Their claim of the neglect of this technology by international water quality experts caused a member of the Editorial Board of Water 21 to invite us to submit this discussion. We accepted this responsibility and believe Harleman and Murcott should be held accountable for their blanket attack on the professional integrity of a broad class of environmental engineering professionals. The senior discusser has been involved in process development of particle separation
A wideband 360&#x00B0; analog phase shifter design (2009)

This paper proposes a reflection-type wideband 360 deg analogue phase shifter. The phase shifter employs a branch-line coupler circuit to achieve a wideband operation and a varactor-diode circuit to achieve a wide phase-shift range. Analytical formulas are derived to optimize the parameters in the coupler circuit for wideband operation and reduced attenuation ripple, and in the varactor circuit to minimize the frequency dependency of the output phase. Simulation results using the Advanced Design Systems (ADS 2005A) show that the design has a wide bandwidth, wide phase shift range, and low attenuation ripple, and is highly linear across the operation bandwidth.
An Unprecedented Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Tertiary Amines (2002)

Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, KoreaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, KoreaReceived October 12, 2001Keywords : Aldehyde, Catalyst, Ruthenium, Reductive amination, Tertiary amine.The reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes withamines has been used as a tool for N-alkylation of amines.The process generally proceeds in two tandem steps,condensation between carbonyl compounds and amines toform an imine and reduction of the imine by a reducingagent.
Pediatric neurologic emergencies (2001)

Neuroemergencies are life-threatening situations in which, whatever the cause, common pathologic phenomena result in secondary brain lesions. The goal of critical care management is to stop these self-aggravating processes as soon as possible. Initial resuscitation is devoted to control of the airway and hemodynamic and hydroelectrolytic stabilization. With mass lesions, minimal computed tomographic exploration immediately precedes surgical decompression. Further critical care adapted to the child's needs requires multimodal monitoring. Normoventilation, deep sedation, osmotherapy with mannitol or hypertonic saline solutions, and optimization of mean arterial pressure are the basis of management. A purely pressure-driven approach aimed at controlling cerebral perfusion pressure could be potentially harmful, and associated measurement of blood flow velocity with transcranial Doppler and jugular bulb oxygen saturation monitoring allows an approach to cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Outcome can be improved in dangerous situations such as severe brain injuries, cerebral arteriovenous malformation rupture, status epilepticus, and acute hydrocephalus, provided that emergency management could be applied efficiently.
Wicking Phenomenon in Nanofiber-Coated Filament Yarns (2013)

Wicking phenomenon has been investigated in filaments and spun yarns in different studies. In comparison with conventional structures, nanofibrous structures have unique characteristics such as higher surface-to-volume ratios, smaller pores, and higher porosity. For many nanofiber applications, a good understanding of the liquid absorption and wettability of nanofibrous is crucial. In this article, a modified electrospinning process for yarn coating with nanofiber is presented. In this method, fiber direction was controlled by manipulating the conventional system of electrospining and embedded nanofibers on yarn surface. Nylon66 filament was coated with nylon 66 nanofiber. The coating morphology and capillary phenomenon were examined in different concentrations of polymer solution. The kinetics of capillary flow of colored liquid in coated yarns with nanofiber follows the Lucas-Washburn equation. Results show that coating with nanofibers increases equilibrium wicking height. In a nanofiber coating process, with a constant feeding rate, increasing the solution concentration increases the capillary rise rate.
Cutaneous warts: an evidence-based approach to therapy. (2005)

Cutaneous warts are a common presenting complaint in children and adolescents. Common, plantar, or flat warts are cutaneous manifestations of the human papillomavirus. The treatment of warts poses a therapeutic challenge for physicians. No single therapy has been proven effective at achieving complete remission in every patient. As a result, many different approaches to wart therapy exist. These approaches are discussed to demonstrate the evidence supporting common therapies and provide a guideline for physicians. Evidence supports the at-home use of topical salicylic acid and physician-administered cryotherapy. Intralesional immunotherapy for nongenital cutaneous warts may be an option for large or recalcitrant warts.
Supplemental feeding using a gastrostomy button (1990)

Elizabeth Taylor and Alan Watson describe the use and potential benefits of the gastrostomy button device in supplemental feeding, and discuss three case studies of its use
A data storage for peer-to-peer based decentralised workflow systems (2024)

This paper proposes an innovative data storage mechanism for decentralised workflow systems. The research is based on a peer-to-peer workflow architecture in which various nodes communicate with each other directly to carry out workflow functions. In this approach, a process is partitioned into separate tasks, and then individual tasks are passed to appropriate nodes. To realise this approach, a data repository independent process notation is provided. Moreover, this paper also designs communication protocols to maintain data in a dynamic environment. The key distinction of this approach is to propose a “know what you should know” policy to reflect the nature of applications.
Fault-tolerant quantum gates with defects in topological stabilizer codes (2020)

Universal quantum computing by braiding defects in topological stabilizer codes of any dimension is proven to be impossible. Notwithstanding this no-go theorem, it is shown how braiding defects can yield all Clifford gates in three or more dimensions, and that universal quantum computing in three-dimensional surface codes is possible by supplementing braiding with adaptive gates.
NITRIFICATION TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTEWATER WITH ACCLIMATED NITRIFYING SLUDGE IMMOBILIZED IN POLYMER PELLETS (2000)

Nitrification of ammonia (NH 4 + ) is a critical component for improved systems of animal wastewatertreatment. One of the most effective processes uses nitrifying microorganisms encapsulated in polymer resins. It is used inJapan in municipal wastewater treatment plants for higher nitrification rates, shorter hydraulic retention times (HRT),and lower aeration treatment cost. We evaluated whether this technology could be adapted for treatment of higher-strengthlagoon swine wastewaters containing ~230 mg NH 4 -N L 1 and 195 mg BOD 5 L 1 . A culture of acclimatedlagoon nitrifying sludge (ALNS) was prepared from a nitrifying biofilm developed in an overland flow soil using fill-and-drawcultivation. The ALNS was successfully immobilized in 3- to 5-mm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer pellets by aPVA-freezing method. Swine wastewater was treated in aerated, suspended bioreactors with a 15% (w/v) pelletconcentration using batch and continuous flow treatment. Alkalinity was supplemented with inorganic carbon to maintainthe liquid pH within an optimum range (7.7-8.4). In batch treatment, only 14 h were needed for nitrification of NH 4 + .Ammonia was nitrified readily, decreasing at a rate of 16.1 mg NH 4 -N L 1 h 1 . In contrast, it took 10 d for a control (no-pellets)aerated reactor to start nitrification; furthermore, 70% of the N was lost by air stripping. Without alkalinitysupplements, the pH of the liquid fell to 6.0-6.2, and NH 4 + oxidation stopped. In continuous flow treatment, nitrificationefficiencies of 95% were obtained with NH 4 + loading rates of 418 mg-N L-reactor 1 d 1 (2.73 g-N g-pellet 1 d 1 ) and anHRT of 12 h. The rate of nitrification obtained with HRT of 4 h was 567 mg-N L 1 d 1 . In all cases, the NH 4 -N removedwas entirely recovered in oxidized N forms. Nitrification rates obtained in this work were comparable to rates obtainedwith municipal systems. This indicates that immobilized ALNS pellets were not greatly affected by high NH 4 + or BODconcentration of swine wastewater. Thus, immobilized pellet technology can be adapted for fast and efficient removal ofNH 4 + contained in anaerobic swine lagoons using acclimated microorganisms.
Nucleophilic−Alkylation−Reoxidation:  A Functionalization Sequence for Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

A new reaction sequence for the chemical functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) consisting of the nucleophilic addition of t-BuLi to the sidewalls of the tubes and the subsequent reoxidation of the intermediates t-Bu(n)SWNT(n-) leading to t-Bu(n)SWNT was developed. During the formation of the t-Bu(n)SWNT(n-), a homogeneous dispersion in benzene was formed due to the electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged intermediates causing debundling. The entire reaction sequence can be repeated, and the degree of functionalization of the products (t-Bu(n))(m)SWNT (m = 1-3) increases with increasing m. Degrees of functionalization expressed as the carbon-to-addend ratio of up to 31 were reached. The reaction was studied in detail by photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The C 1s core level spectra reveal that the nucleophilic attack of the t-BuLi leads to negatively charged SWNTs. Upon oxidation, this negative charge is removed. The valence band spectra of the functionalized samples exhibit a significant reduction in the pi-derived density of states. In STM, the covalently bonded t-butyl groups attached to the sidewalls have been visualized. Raman spectroscopy reveals that addition of the nucleophile to metallic tubes is preferred over the addition to semiconducting tubes.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Farnesylthiosalicylic Acid Derivatives for Cancer Treatment (2014)

Novel farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) derivatives were synthesized by coupling with different substituted diamines. Their in vitro growth inhibitory activities against seven human cancer cell lines were evaluated. The results revealed that the synthetic farnesylthiosalicylamides displayed significant antitumor activities compared to the positive control FTS. Especially, compound 8f exhibited the strongest antitumor activities with IC50 values of 6.20-7.83 µM, which were one- to threefold less than those of sorafenib and six- to tenfold less than that of FTS against each cell line in vitro. Furthermore, 8f could inhibit the Ras-related signaling pathway and induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis superior to FTS in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that 8f may hold greater promise as therapeutic agent for the intervention of human cancers.
Broadband circularly polarised square microstrip antenna using chip-resistor loading (1999)

Broadband operation of regular-size and compact circularly polarised microstrip antennas using a chip-resistor loading technique is investigated experimentally. The optimal arrangement is demonstrated of the chip-resistor for broadband operation of circularly polarised microstrip antennas. By introducing the proposed chip-resistor loading technique to a square microstrip antenna with two pairs of slits of different lengths inserted at the patch edges, a compact circular polarisation operation can be obtained. Details of the proposed antennas are described, and experimental results of the circular polarisation performance are presented and discussed.
Trends in automatic testing of electronic devices (2002)

A review of recent trends in the automated testing of electronic devices is presented for both commercial and military operations. The spinoffs from military ATE initiatives provide new opportunities for the commercial electronics industry. Improved software development tools reduce test development time. New ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits) for automatic test applications reduce hardware costs and increase portability. Combined as part of a PC-based system, these two strategies reduce the need for more costly ATE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
History and recent progress in piezoelectric polymers (2000)

Electrets of carnauba wax and resin have exhibited good stability of trapped charges for nearly 50 years. Dipolar orientation and trapped charge are two mechanisms contributing to the pyro-, piezo-, and ferroelectricity of polymers. Since the 1950s, shear piezoelectricity was investigated in polymers of biological origin (such as cellulose and collagen) as well as synthetic optically active polymers (such as polyamides and polylactic acids). Since the discovery of piezoelectricity in poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in 1969, the pyro-, piezo-, and ferroelectricity were widely investigated in a number of polar polymers, such as copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene, copolymers of vinylcyanide and vinylacetate, and nylons. Recent studies involve submicron films of aromatic and aliphatic polyureas prepared by vapor deposition polymerization in vacuum and the piezoelectricity of polyurethane produced by the coupling of electrostriction and bias electric fields. Gramophone pickups using a piece of bone or tendon were demonstrated in 1959. Microphones using a stretched film of polymethyl glutamate were reported in 1968. Ultrasonic transducers using elongated and poled films of PVDF were demonstrated in 1972. Headphones and tweeters using PVDF were marketed in 1975. Hydrophones and various electromechanical devices utilizing PVDP and its copolymers have been developed during the past 30 years. This paper briefly reviews the history and recent progress in piezoelectric polymers.
Content-aware auto-soundtracks for personal photo music slideshows (2011)

We present a novel slideshow generation concept based on content-aware photo-music mapping. Current technologies for automated personal photo slideshow generation primarily focus on photo presentations and visual effects. These solutions utilize either a manually chosen single song or preset slideshow songs. Our technology focuses on an automatic soundtrack generation process that attempts to comprehend what the photos depict and choose music accordingly. The process comprises analyzing a photo album, composing an auto-soundtrack by dynamically mapping song segments to photo events, and automatically choosing content-aware transitions and visual effects appropriate for the presentation.
Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Past, Present, and Future (2011)

With a growing world population, an increasing standard of living in many developing countries, a limited supply of fossil fuels, and its adverse effect on the environment, the need for clean and sustainable energy has never been greater. Hydrogen, the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, has the potential to meet this energy need if numerous hurdles in its efficient and safe production, storage, and use in fuel cell vehicles can be overcome. This Perspective briefly discusses the status of hydrogen storage — past, present, and future.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Aminobromination of Olefins with TsNH<sub>2</sub> and NBS as Nitrogen and Bromine Sources (2003)

[reaction: see text] A new synthetic procedure for aminohalogenation of olefins has been developed for the preparation of vicinal haloamine derivatives in high yields by using Cu, Mn, or V catalysts with p-toluenesulfonamide (TsNH(2)) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as nitrogen and bromine sources, respectively. Unprecedented regio- and stereoselectivity (anti:syn > 99:1) toward the aminohalogenation process is shown for olefinic substrates as well as transition metal catalysts.