gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Correlation of nuclear DNA content and the presence of a human papilloma virus (HPV) structural antigen (1982)

Immunoperoxidase localization of a human papilloma virus structural antigen (HPV) was attempted in 68 intraepithelial lesions of the vulva, 39 of which were analyzed for nuclear DNA content by microspectrophotometry. Overall, 5.9% (4/68) stained positive for HPV. Ninety percent (35/39) of the cases tested were aneuploid, and, of these, 2.8% (1/35) stained positive for HPV. In contrast, 50% (2/4) of the polyploid lesions were positive. Hence DNA microspectrophotometry and immunoperoxidase localization of HPV are useful coparameters for distinguishing wart virus infection (condylomata) from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV is detected infrequently within aneuploid lesions, in keeping with the concept that epithelial maturation is required for virion assembly. Whether the HPV genome exists in a nonreplicative state within the aneuploid cell population is unknown.
High Extinction Ratio and Broadband Silicon TE-Pass Polarizer Using Subwavelength Grating Index Engineering (2015)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to implement a low-loss, broadband, and compact transverse electric (TE)-pass polarizer on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The TE-polarizer utilizes a subwavelength grating (SWG) structure to engineer the waveguide equivalent material index. In this paper, the SWG-based polarizer only supports its fundamental TE mode, whereas the transverse magnetic (TM) mode is suppressed under the cutoff condition, i.e., the TM mode leaks from the waveguide with low reflection. The simulations predict that the bandwidth to achieve a polarization extinction ratio (ER) of 35 dB exceeds 200 nm. Experimentally, the measured polarization ER is ~30 dB, and the average insertion loss is 0.4 dB in the wavelength range of 1470-1580 nm. The fabricated TE-polarizer has a compact length of 60 μm.
Considerations in Applying Ratio Differential Relays for Bus Protection (1939)

THE PROBLEM of bus differential protection is receiving increased attention by relay engineers because of the serious consequences of a bus fault. Several cases of bus faults have recently occurred indicating that regardless of care used in the design of structures, some unexpected failure or accident may cause a disastrous outage. In spite of the many improvements that have been made in the protection of transmission lines in recent years, little attention has been given to the protection of station busses. This has been due partly to the impression that they were not particularly subject to faults and partly to the feeling that the protective relays would do more harm than good through incorrect tripping. Recent experiences, however, indicate that a bus fault, though of infrequent occurrence, can cause much greater damage and a longer outage period than many transmission line faults. Also, high-grade performance has been obtained when a bus protective scheme is properly installed with due consideration given to the many factors which might lead to faulty operation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the important factors to be considered in bus differential protection and the operating characteristics and results of a field test on a new bus differential relay.
Chemokine receptors on infiltrating leucocytes in inflammatory pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) (2003)

Haematogenous leucocytes enter the central nervous system (CNS) during diverse disorders of varied aetiologies. Understanding the trafficking cues that mediate CNS leucocyte infiltration might promote the development of flexible and selective means to modulate inflammation to achieve clinical benefit. The trafficking machinery of leucocytes has been elucidated during the past decade and consists of cell-surface adhesion molecules, chemoattractant cytokines (chemokines) and their receptors. Recent work in our laboratory characterized chemokine receptors found on T lymphocytes and monocytes in brain sections from subjects with one pathological subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease. In these tissues, the types 1 and 5 CC chemokine receptors (CCR1 and CCR5) were detected on perivascular monocytic cells whereas only CCR5 was present on parenchymal macrophages. The type 3 CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR3) was present on virtually all CD3-positive T cells. In the current study, we evaluated the expression of these receptors on the infiltrating cells present in cases of other inflammatory CNS disorders including those of dysimmune, infectious, neoplastic, and vascular aetiology. Perivascular and parenchymal monocytic cells expressed CCR1 in all cases and CXCR3 was consistently present on a substantial proportion of CD3+ T cells. The occurrence of CCR5 on parenchymal macrophages was much less uniform across the varied disorders. These data implicate CCR1 in monocyte infiltration of the CNS and are consistent with reports of studies in CCR1-deficient mice. CXCR3 is also likely to play a role in accumulation of T cells in the inflamed CNS. By contrast, our findings suggest that regulation of CCR5 on phagocytic macrophages may be contingent on the lesion environment.
Direct sequence spread spectrum parallel acquisition in a fading mobile channel (2003)

The acquisition performance of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum system is investigated in a fading mobile environment. A parallel acquisition scheme is applied to make up for the effect of the fading environment on key parameters such as the probability of detection, the probability of false alarm, and the mean acquisition time. An expression for the mean acquisition time is derived in terms of detection, false alarm, and missing probabilities. These probability expressions are derived in both a nonfading and fast-fading AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channels, and the mean acquisition time is shown for nonfading, slow-fading, and fast-fading channels. It is shown that in a nonfading channel, the designer should choose the MF (matched filter) length as large as practically possible and then cover the rest of the uncertainty region with parallel MFs. The same applies for the slow-fading channel. In fast-fading channels the contrary is the right choice; for better performance the designer needs to increase parallelism at the cost of MF length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Buried-channel GaAs MESFET's on MBE material: Scattering parameters and intermodulation signal distortion (1982)

Buried-channel GaAs MESFET's (BFET's) on MBE material have been fabricated. The bias dependence of the scattering parameters is strongly reduced applying the BFET principle. As a result the third-order intermodulation products are the smallest reported thus far,-45 dBm at an input power level of 8 dBm. These data are compared with those of VPE fabricated devices. The technology as well as the fabrication of the MBE layers is described.
Arbitrary angle waveguiding applications of two-dimensional curvilinear-lattice photonic crystals (2004)

We introduce a fresh class of photonic band-gap materials, curvilinear-lattice photonic crystals, whose distinctive feature is that their individual scatterers are arranged in a curvilinear lattice. We show that adhering to some restrictions in the acceptable lattice transformations, one can achieve omnidirectional photonic band gaps for an entire subclass of such structures. We demonstrate, designing an efficient arbitrary-angle waveguide bend, that curvilinear-lattice photonic crystals can be employed for creation of original types of nanophotonic devices.
Influences of Aging on Taste Perception and Oral Somatic Sensation (2005)

Significant age-associated deterioration was observed in taste but not somatic sensations such as touch and burning pain in the tongue, showing that aging affects taste perception and oral somatic sensations differently. This suggests that decreased taste perception of foods in elderly people may be caused primarily by perceptual loss of taste among oral sensations.
Interspecific protoplast fusion among macrolide-producing streptomycetes. (1984)

From auxotrophic and idiotrophic mutants of Streptomyces fradiae (tylosin producer) and Streptomyces sp. AM 4900 (pikromycin producer) or Streptomyces narbonensis (narbomycin producer), prototrophic fusants were obtained at a low frequency by the protoplast fusion technique. In the cross of S. fradiae 261-27E (mycaminose-idiotroph, ilv) and Streptomyces sp. AM 4900 N3-4, (pikronolide-idiotroph, arg), an unstable prototrophic fusant, strain No. 14, produced a macrolide antibiotic which was not produced by the wild type, parent strains, and the productivity was lost within a few times transfer. It was concluded that the fusant was not a recombinant, but a heterokaryon. On the other hand, relatively stable fusants were obtained from the cross of S. fradiae TBM (mycaminose-idiotroph, met) and S. narbonensis NA12US3 (narbonolide-idiotroph, his, str) at a frequency of 3.2 X 10(-5). One of the prototrophic fusants produced narbomycin, which is believed to be due to a result of interspecific recombination.
A Mechanical Model of the Cornea: The Effects of Physiological and Surgical Factors on Radial Keratotomy Surgery (1989)

A finite element-based computer simulation of radial keratotomy surgery was conducted to study, in particular, curvature changes of the central clear zone in human cornea under various physiological and surgical conditions. Corneal tissue was assumed to behave as a nearly incompressible, linear elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material undergoing small deformation. The Young's modulus was determined by using the model to predict the surgical outcome of a representative patient. The results of the simulation are in qualitative agreement with clinical experience indicating the potential of finite element modeling as an aid to the surgeon in evaluating variables.
Emerging Nano- and Micro-Technologies Used in the Treatment of Type-1 Diabetes (2020)

Type-1 diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to a failure of insulin secretion from beta cells within pancreatic islets. Current treatment strategies consist of multiple, daily injections of insulin or transplantation of either the whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. While there are different forms of insulin with tunable pharmacokinetics (fast, intermediate, and long-acting), improper dosing continues to be a major limitation often leading to complications resulting from hyper- or hypo-glycemia. Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, consisting of a glucose sensor connected to an insulin infusion pump, have improved dosing but they still suffer from inaccurate feedback, biofouling and poor patient compliance. Islet transplantation is a promising strategy but requires multiple donors per patient and post-transplantation islet survival is impaired by inflammation and suboptimal revascularization. This review discusses how nano- and micro-technologies, as well as tissue engineering approaches, can overcome many of these challenges and help contribute to an artificial pancreas-like system.
Biometrics based Steganography using Circular Folding in DWT Domain (2013)

Steganography is the art and science of hiding or embedding data in a transmission medium. The goal of steganography is to hide an information message inside a harmless cover medium in such a way that it is not possible even to detect that there is a secret message. In this paper, the object oriented steganography is based on biometrics. Data is embedded into some regions of the skin and not to the whole region. To separate the skin and non-skin regions, skin tone detection is performed using HSV color space. To increase the security, cropping and circular folding is performed on the B plane of the cover image. The secret data is embedded into the high frequency sub-band coefficients of DWT domain. Because human eyes are less sensitive in this sub-band, security is improved. In this paper, we analyze both cropping and noncropping cases. This results into more security with cropping than without cropping with almost same PSNR.
Simultaneous Detection of Antigen-Specific IgG- and IgM-Secreting Cells with a B Cell Fluorospot Assay (2012)

The traditional enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay is the gold standard for the enumeration of antigen-specific B cells. Since B cell availability from biological samples is often limited, either because of sample size/volume or the need of performing multiple analyses on the same sample, the implementation of ELISpot assay formats that allow the simultaneous detection of multiple antibody types is desirable. While dual-color ELISpot assays have been described, technical complexities have so far prevented their wide utilization as well as further expansion of their multicolor capability. An attractive solution is to replace the chromogenic reaction of the traditional ELISpot assay with a fluorescent detection system (fluorospot assay). Fluorospot assays using fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies in conjunction with fluorescence enhancers, FITC/anti-FITC and biotin/avidin amplification systems and dedicated equipment for spot detection have been developed to enumerate T-cells secreting two or three specific cytokines and, more recently, IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). We hereby report a method for a multiplex B cell fluorospot assay that utilizes quantum-dot nanocrystals as reporters without further amplification systems or need of dedicated equipment. With this method we simultaneously enumerated HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein-specific IgG and IgM antibody-secreting cells with sensitivity comparable to that of the traditional ELISpot assay.
An Analysis of Minnesota Power & Light Company and Its Subsidiaries (1997)

Pudendal neuropathy is not a distinct characteristic of patients with double incontinence. The prevalence of pudendal neuropathy in these patients is similar to that observed in patients with isolated fecal incontinence. Others factors should be investigated to explain the common association of both types of incontinence.
Focal adhesion kinase as a potential target in oncology (2003)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a pivotal role in signal transduction at integrin-linked cellular adhesions, which mediate cell contact with the extracellular matrix. It has been shown to play a role in the survival of anchorage-dependent cells and to be essential for integrin-linked cell migration – processes that are likely to play important roles in the development of malignancies. FAK is upregulated in a wide variety of human epithelial cancers, with expression being closely correlated to invasive potential. Recently, evidence has emerged directly linking FAK expression to tumour development in vivo, raising the possibility that intervention strategies to block FAK function may potentially provide an opportunity for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
Increased Susceptibility of Down's Syndrome Fibroblasts to Transformation by SV10. (1967)

Tissue culture cell strains of foreskin nbroblasts obtained from 5 neonates with Down's Syndrome (trisomy 21-22) were shown to be at least twice as susceptible and, the average, 3 times as susceptible to transformation by the SV40 virus as diploid foreskin nbroblasts from normal neonates. An even greater susceptibility to in vitro SV40 transformation was found in a strain of trisomy 18 nbroblasts. It is suggested that one reason for the increased incidence of neoplasia in Down's Syndrome is a heightened intrinsic susceptibility of the trisomic cells to carcinogenic agents.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Therapy for the Prevention of Metachronous Gastric Cancer (2018)

Patients with early gastric cancer who received H. pylori treatment had lower rates of metachronous gastric cancer and more improvement from baseline in the grade of gastric corpus atrophy than patients who received placebo. (Funded by the National Cancer Center, South Korea; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02407119 .).
[Sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsive effects of an adenosine analogue WS090501]. (2011)

This study is to examine the sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsive effects of an adenosine analogue, WS090501. The spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded by open field equipment, and the EEG of rats was recorded by polyphysiograph. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure model was used. The spontaneous locomotor activity was decreased by WS090501 at various doses (0.06, 0.13, and 0.25 mg x kg(-1)), and the decreasing rate was 28.4%, 47.1% and 61.2% respectively. Furthermore, the effect of WS090501 on spontaneous locomotor activity of mice can be antagonized by DPCPX, a selective adenosine A1R antagonist, but cannot be antagonized by SCH58261, a selective adenosine A2AR antagonist. The NREM sleep was significantly increased by WS090501 (0.05 and 0.2 mg x kg(-1)), and the increasing rate was 27.6% and 102.8%, respectively, at 6th hour after administration. The REM sleep decreased significantly at the higher dose. PTZ induced serious convulsion in mice. The latency of convulsion was prolonged, and the number of seizure and mortality decreased after administration of WS090501. These results show that WS090501 has potent sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsive effects, which may be mediated through adenosine A1R.
Phosphopeptide occupancy and photoaffinity cross-linking of the v-Src SH2 domain attenuates tyrosine kinase activity. (1994)

Phosphorylation of c-Src at carboxyl-terminal Tyr-527 suppresses tyrosine kinase activity and transforming potential, presumably by facilitating the intramolecular interaction of the C terminus of Src with its SH2 domain. In addition, it has been shown previously that occupancy of the c-Src SH2 domain with a phosphopeptide stimulates c-Src kinase catalytic activity. We have performed analogous studies with v-Src, the transforming protein from Rous sarcoma virus, which has extensive homology with c-Src. v-Src lacks an autoregulatory phosphorylation site, and its kinase domain is constitutively active. Phosphopeptides corresponding to the sequences surrounding c-Src Tyr-527 and a Tyr-Glu-Glu-Ile motif from the hamster polyoma virus middle T antigen inhibit tyrosine kinase activity of baculovirus-expressed v-Src 2- and 4-fold, respectively. To determine the mechanism of this regulation, the Tyr-527 phosphopeptide was substituted with the photoactive amino acid p-benzoylphenylalanine at the adjacent positions (N- and C-terminal) to phosphotyrosine. These peptides photoinactivate the v-Src tyrosine kinase 5-fold in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the peptides cross-link an isolated Src SH2 domain with similar rates and specificity. These data indicate that occupancy of the v-Src SH2 domain induces a conformational change that is transmitted to the kinase domain and attenuates tyrosine kinase activity.
ChemInform Abstract: NPE‐Resin, a New Approach to the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Protected Peptides and Oligonucleotides. Part 1. Synthesis of the Supports and Their Application to Oligonucleotide Synthesis. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cation‐Controlled Aqueous Dispersions of Alginic‐Acid‐Wrapped Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

It′s a wrap! Alginic acid can efficiently solubilize multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in aqueous solution (see figure). The addition of cations to the alginic-acid-wrapped MWCNTs results in their precipitation from aqueous solution. However, subsequent treatment with EDTA selectively redispersed those MWCNTs that were precipitated with Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+, La3+, and Eu3+ ions in water.
Factors Influencing Capping and Cracking of Mefenamic Acid Tablets (2000)

The tendency of capping and longitudinal cracks of mefenamic acid tablets was evaluated in relation to the amount of the binder, the influence of the granulation technique, and the relative humidity of the granules. Tablets made from fluidized bed granules using methylcellulose in the granulating liquid showed significantly lower capping and longitudinal cracks than tablets from conventional granules prepared by wet granulation using methylcellulose as a dry binder.
A new approach for the automatic generation of membership functions and rules of multi-variable fuzzy system (2002)

That the amount of work of extracting and modulating membership functions and rules expands startlingly with the increasing of the number of variables is presently the crux that influences the development of fuzzy system. This paper introduces a method in which the complicated input-output relationship is firstly decomposed into the accumulation of simple input-output relationships. For each variable, a set of membership functions that are appropriate for all simple input-output relationships are generated, and multiple sets of fuzzy rules that reflect its efficacy on every simple input-output relationship are also extracted. The fuzzy rules of the whole system are then generated based on these sets of fuzzy rules. It is proved simultaneous that the membership functions generated by an individual variable appropriate for each simple input-output relationship are those of the whole system. Because the complicated problem is decomposed into the accumulation of simple ones, the complexity of its solution will not expand startlingly with the increasing of the number of variables and the algorithm can be put into practice.
c-Jun and p53 Activity Is Modulated by SUMO-1 Modification (2000)

The ubiquitin-related SUMO-1 molecule has been shown recently to modify covalently a number of cellular proteins including IkappaBalpha. SUMO-1 modification was found to antagonize IkappaBalpha ubiquitination and protect it from degradation. Here we identify the transcription factors c-Jun and p53, two well known targets of ubiquitin, as new substrates for SUMO-1 both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to ubiquitin, SUMO-1 preferentially targets a single lysine residue in c-Jun (Lys-229), and the abrogation of SUMO-1 modification does not compromise its ubiquitination. Activation of Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases, which induces a reduction in c-Jun ubiquitination, similarly decreases SUMO-1 modification. Accordingly, loss of the two major Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase phosphorylation sites in c-Jun, Ser-63 and Ser-73, greatly enhances conjugation by SUMO-1. A SUMO-1- deficient c-JunK229R mutant shows an increased transactivation potential on an AP-1-containing promoter compared with wild-type c-Jun, suggesting that SUMO-1 negatively regulates c-Jun activity. As with c-Jun, SUMO-1 modification of p53 is abrogated by phosphorylation but remains unaltered upon chemical damage to DNA or Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination. The SUMO-1 attachment site in p53 (Lys-386) resides within a region known to regulate the DNA binding activity of the protein. A p53 mutant, defective for SUMO-1 conjugation, shows unaltered ubiquitination but has a slightly impaired apoptotic activity, indicating that modification by SUMO-1 might be important for the full biological activity of p53. Taken together, these data provide a first link between the SUMO-1 conjugation pathway and the regulation of transcription factors.