gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient planning of informative paths for multiple robots (2007)

In many sensing applications, including environmental monitoring, measurement systems must cover a large space with only limited sensing resources. One approach to achieve required sensing coverage is to use robots to convey sensors within this space.Planning the motion of these robots â coordinating their paths in order to maximize the amount of information collected while placing bounds on their resources (e.g., path length or energy capacity) â is a NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present an efficient path planning algorithm that coordinates multiple robots, each having a resource constraint, to maximize the âinformativenessâ of their visited locations. In particular, we use a Gaussian Process to model the underlying phenomenon, and use the mutual information between the visited locations and remainder of the space to characterize the amount of information collected. We provide strong theoretical approximation guarantees for our algorithm by exploiting the submodularity property of mutual information. In addition, we improve the efficiency of our approach by extending the algorithm using branch and bound and a region-based decomposition of the space. We provide an extensive empirical analysis of our algorithm, comparing with existing heuristics on datasets from several real world sensing applications.
Activated protein C promotes protease-activated receptor-1 cytoprotective signaling through β-arrestin and dishevelled-2 scaffolds (2011)

Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is a guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein-coupled receptor that elicits cellular responses to coagulant and anticoagulant proteases. Activation of PAR1 by the coagulant protease thrombin results in Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) activation, disassembly of adherens junctions, and disruption of the endothelial barrier. In contrast, activation of PAR1 with the anticoagulant protease activated protein C (APC) results in activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and endothelial barrier protection. We previously showed that APC cytoprotective signaling requires the compartmentalization of PAR1 in caveolar microdomains. However, the mechanism by which APC-activated PAR1 promotes cytoprotective signaling in human endothelial cells remains poorly understood. Here we show that APC-activated PAR1 cytoprotective signaling is mediated by β-arrestin recruitment and activation of the dishevelled-2 (Dvl-2) scaffold and not by G protein α inhibiting activity polypeptide 2 (Gα(i)) signaling. In human endothelial cells, PAR1 and β-arrestins form a preassembled complex and cosegregate in caveolin-1-enriched fractions. Remarkably, we found that depletion of β-arrestin expression by RNA interference resulted in the loss of APC-induced Rac1 activation but not of thrombin-stimulated RhoA signaling. APC also failed to protect against thrombin-induced endothelial barrier permeability in cells deficient in β-arrestin expression. We further demonstrate that APC activation of PAR1 results in β-arrestin-dependent recruitment of Dvl-2, which is critical for Rac1 signaling and endothelial barrier protection but not for thrombin-induced RhoA signaling. Our findings identify a role for β-arrestin and Dvl-2 scaffolds in APC-activated PAR1 cytoprotective signaling in human endothelial cells.
Growth-inhibitory activity of melatonin on human androgen-independent DU 145 prostate cancer cells (2000)

Melatonin exerts a direct oncostatic activity on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, by affecting cell cycle progression. This activity seems to be mediated by nuclear, but not by membrane, receptors.
Insulin-like growth factor-I is an essential regulator of the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (1988)

Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferate normally in medium containing fetal calf serum depleted of insulin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). However, the cells do not differentiate into adipocytes in the presence of the hormone-depleted serum. Supplementation of the growth medium with 10-20 nM IGF-I or 2 microM insulin restores the ability of 3T3-L1 cells to develop into adipocytes. The cells acquire an adipocyte morphology, accumulate triglycerides, and express a 450-fold increase in the activity of the lipogenic enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is paralleled by the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA and mRNA for the myelin P2-like protein aP2, another marker for fat cell development. IGF-I or insulin-stimulated adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells is not dependent on growth hormone. Occupancy of preadipocyte IGF-I receptors by IGF-I (or insulin) is implicated as a central step in the differentiation process. The IGF-I receptor binds insulin with a 70-fold lower affinity than IGF-I, and 30-70-fold higher levels of insulin are required to duplicate the effects of an optimal amount of IGF-I. The effects of 10-20 nM IGF-I are likely to be mediated by high affinity (KD = 5 nM) IGF-I receptors that are expressed at a density of 13,000 sites/preadipocyte. In undifferentiated cells the IGF-I receptor concentration is twice that of the insulin receptor. After adipocyte differentiation is triggered, the number and affinity of IGF-I receptors remain constant while insulin receptor number increases approximately 25-fold as developing adipocytes become responsive to insulin at the level of metabolic regulation. Thus, preadipocytes have the potential for a maximal response to IGF-I, whereas the accumulation of more than 95% of adipocyte insulin receptors and the appearance of responsiveness to insulin are consequences of differentiation. IGF-I or insulin is essential for the induction of a variety of abundant and nonabundant mRNAs characteristic of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Organization of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli (1990)

Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase is a trimeric, membrane-bound, iron-sulfur molybdoenzyme induced in Escherichia coli under anaerobic growth conditions. The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide, trimethylamine N-oxide, and a variety of S- and N-oxide compounds. The topology of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase subunits was probed by a combination of techniques. Immunoblot analysis of the periplasmic proteins from the osmotic shock and chloroform wash fluids indicated that the subunits were not free in the periplasm. The reductase was susceptible to proteases in everted membrane vesicles, but the enzyme in outer membrane-permeabilized cells became protease sensitive only after detergent solubilization of the E. coli plasma membrane. Lactoperoxidase catalyzed the iodination of each of the three subunits in an everted membrane vesicle preparation. Antibodies to dimethyl sulfoxide reductase and fumarate reductase specifically agglutinated the everted membrane vesicles. No TnphoA fusions could be found in the dmsA or -B genes, indicating that these subunits were not translocated to the periplasm. Immunogold electron microscopy of everted membrane vesicles and thin sections by using antibodies to the DmsABC, DmsA, DmsB subunits resulted in specific labeling of the cytoplasmic surface of the inner membrane. These results show that the DmsA (catalytic subunit) and DmsB (electron transfer subunit) are membrane-extrinsic subunits facing the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
Contact Lenses in Ophthalmology (1989)

History, indications and terminology of contact lenses the anatomy, physiology and bacteriology of the eye related to contact lens wear contact lens manufacture, materials and types contact lens care equipping a contact lens practice the initial visit and choice of lens rigid corneal contact lens fitting daily wear soft contact lenses extended wear contact lenses astigmatism and presbyopia lenses for aphakia, infants and children contact lenses for keratoconus and after corneal surgery rigid scleral and coloured contact lenses therapeutic soft contact lenses. Appendices: 1 - comparative methods of recording visual acuity 2 - centre thickness chart for PMMA lenses 3 - radius of curvature to dioptric power chart for refractive index 1.3375 4 - power alterations to contact lenses allowing for back vertex distance of an additional spectacle lens 5 - alterations to contact lens power when changing to a steeper or flatter fit 6 - oxygen transmissability conversion table 7 - preparations for use with contact lenses 8 - example of different types of contact lens.
Inhibition of isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase in <i>Echerichia coli</i> by pseudomonic acid (1978)

The mode of action of the antibiotic pseudomonic acid has been studied in Escherichia coli. Pseudomonic acid strongly inhibits protein and RNA synthesis in vivo. The antibiotic had no effect on highly purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and showed only a weak inhibitory effect on a poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine-forming ribosomal preparation. Chloramphenicol reversed inhibition of RNA synthesis in vivo. Pseudomonic acid had little effect on RNA synthesis in a regulatory mutant, E. coli B AS19 RC(rel), whereas protein synthesis was strongly inhibited. In pseudomonic acid-treated cells, increased concentrations of ppGpp, pppGpp and ATP were observed, but the GTP pool size decreased, suggesting that inhibition of RNA synthesis is a consequence of the stringent control mechanism imposed by pseudomonic acid-induced deprivation of an amino acid. Of the 20 common amino acids, only isoleucine reversed the inhibitory effect in vivo. The antibiotic was found to be a powerful inhibitor of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase both in vivo and in vitro. Of seven other tRNA synthetases assayed, only a weak inhibitory effect on phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was observed; this presumably accounted for the weak effect on polyphenylalanine formation in a ribosomal preparation. Pseudomonic acid also significantly de-repressed threonine deaminase and transaminase B activity, but not dihydroxyacid dehydratase (isoleucine-biosynthetic enzymes) by decreasing the supply of aminoacylated tRNA(Ile). Pseudomonic acid is the second naturally occurring inhibitor of bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase to be discovered, furanomycin being the first.
Exploiting non-dedicated resources for cloud computing (2010)

Popular web services and applications such as Google Apps, DropBox, and Go.Pc introduce a wasteful imbalance of processing resources. Each host operated by a provider serves hundreds to thousands of users, treating their PCs as thin clients. Tapping the processing, storage and networking capacities of these non-dedicated resources promises to reduce the size of required hardware basis significantly. Consequently, it presents a noteworthy opportunity for service providers and operators of cloud computing infrastructures. We investigate how a mixture of dedicated (and so highly available) hosts and non-dedicated (and so highly volatile) hosts can be used to provision a processing tier of a large-scale web service. We discuss an operational model which guarantees long-term availability despite of host churn, and study multiple aspects necessary to implement it. These include: ranking of non-dedicated hosts according to their long-term availability behavior, short-term availability modeling of these hosts, and simulation of migration and group availability levels using real-world availability data from 10,000 non-dedicated hosts. We also study the tradeoff between a larger share of dedicated hosts vs. higher migration rate in terms of costs and SLA objectives. This yields an optimization approach where a service provider can find a suitable balance between costs and service quality. The experimental results show that it is possible to achieve a wide spectrum of such modes, ranging from 3.6 USD/hour to 5 USD/hour for a group of at least 50 hosts available with probability greater than 0.90.
Application of phase-shifting mask to DRAM cell capacitor fabrication (1993)

We have investigated the application of phase-shifting mask (PSM) or DRAM cell capacitor fabrication. Narrow spaces formed by PSM enables us to attain a high DRAM cell capacitance. Four types of phase-shifting masks are tested: a rim-type mask, transparent type mask (I) (or `shifter-shutter' type), Levenson type mask and transparent type mask (II) (or `shifter-edge' type). The improvement in resolution and depth-of-focus (DOF) by the former two types of PSMs is small, although we can continue to use conventional positive resist with these PSMs. The latter two PSMs provide a significant increase in resolution and DOF. Since the transparent type (II) mask has the difficulty in mask fabrication, we select a Levenson type PSM for the fabrication of the DRAM cell capacitor. Though 0.28 micrometers spaces with the DOF of 1.5 micrometers can be formed on a bare silicon substrate by the Levenson type PSM, the printed patterns on an actual device substrate are deformed by the reflection from the substrate. Dyed negative resist is used to reduce the effects of the reflection, the patterns of 0.28 micrometers spaces with 0.6 micrometers DOF on the actual substrate can be successfully printed. We confirm the effectiveness of the Levenson type phase-shifting mask combined with a dyed negative resist for the DRAM cell capacitor fabrication.
The effectiveness study of various music information retrieval approaches (2002)

In this paper, we describe the Ultima project which aims to construct a platform for evaluating various approaches of music information retrieval. Two kinds of approaches are adopted in this project. These approaches differ in various aspects, such as representations of music objects, index structures, and approximate query processing strategies. For a fair comparison, we propose a measurement of the retrieval effectiveness by recall-precision curves with a scaling factor adjustment. Finally, the performance study of the retrieval effectiveness based on various factors of these approaches is presented.
Management of gastrointestinal fistulas: a case study. (2005)

The management of GI fistulas can be very challenging for the health care team and the patient. The treatment goals are to provide bowel rest, prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalances, protect perifistula skin, and contain the effluent. Consistent nursing care and team collaboration can lead to successful patient outcomes.
Diagnosing surprise model behavior: A tool for evolving behavioral and policy insights (1981) (1991)

Abstract Founded in the mid‐1950s, the field of system dynamics has intellectual roots reaching much further into the past. The Archives section of the Review seeks to publish material from that past which can contribute to current theory and practice. The section welcomes previously unpublished but deserving system dynamics work, classics from past system dynamics literature that should receive renewed attention, and previously published articles from other disciplines of particular significance to current system dynamicists. Contributions emphasizing the philosophy and theory of model building, validation, implementation, education, and generic structures are particularly encouraged. Submissions may range in length from notes to main articles but may be edited. Send suggested material, together with a brief introduction placing it in historical and current contexts, to John D. Sterman, System Dynamics Group. MIT E40‐294, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.
Key-Exchange Authentication Using Shared Secrets (2006)

Transport Layer Security standard provides connection security with peer entity authentication, data confidentiality and integrity, key generation and distribution, and security parameters negotiation. Its native integration in browsers and Web servers makes TLS the most frequently deployed security protocol. The TLS specifications use public-key certificates for mutual authentication and key establishment. We extend the TLS protocol with a new authentication scheme based on an out-of-band shared secret. Our extension, the TLS key-exchange method (KEM), ensures an end-to-end authenticated session-key exchange and allows identity protection, perfect forward secrecy (PFS), and anonymity. Furthermore, it reduces message flow and thus bandwidth on both wired and wireless networks.
[Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4+</sup> Cubane Core as a Brønsted Base:  Preparation and Properties of [Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(OH)(O<sub>2</sub>CR)<sub>2</sub>(bpy)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> and [Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CR)<sub>2</sub>(bpy)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>4+</sup> Salts (1999)

The preparation and properties are described of complexes resulting from the mono- and diprotonation of the [Co(4)O(4)](4+) unit to give products containing [Co(4)O(3)(OH)](5+) and [Co(4)O(2)(OH)(2)](6+), respectively. Treatment of [Co(4)O(4)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)-p-OMe)(2)(bpy)(4)](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in MeCN with 70% perchloric acid leads to isolation of [Co(4)O(2)(OH)(2)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)-p-OMe)(2)(bpy)(4)](ClO(4))(4) (5) in 61% yield. Treatment of [Co(4)O(4)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)-p-Me)(2)(bpy)(4)](2+) in MeCN with an acidic solution of (NH(4))(3)[Ce(NO(3))(6)] leads to isolation of [Co(4)O(3)(OH)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)-p-Me)(2)(bpy)(4)][Ce(NO(3))(6)] (6) in 96% yield. Complex 5.3MeCN.H(2)O crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c with (at -155 degrees C) a = 33.838(8) Å, b = 13.826(3) Å, c = 29.944(7) Å, beta = 98.84(1) degrees, and Z = 8. Complex 6.PhCN.H(2)O crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbca with (at -154 degrees C) a = 22.603(4) Å, b = 34.759(6) Å, c = 18.167(3) Å, and Z = 8. The complexes contain [Co(4)O(2)(OH)(2)](6+) (5) and [Co(4)O(3)(OH)](5+) (6) distorted-cubane cores, the sites of protonation being apparent by (i) the approach of ClO(4)(-) or [Ce(NO(3))(6)](3)(-) anions to within hydrogen-bonding distances (O.O approximately 2.7 Å) and (ii) the longer Co-OH(-) bond lengths compared with Co-O(2)(-) bond lengths. Peripheral ligation is provided by chelating bpy and syn,syn-bridging RCO(2)(-) groups. The Co(III) atoms are six-coordinate and approximately octahedral. Solution studies show that the diprotonated species is a strong diprotic acid analogous to H(2)SO(4); the first deprotonation goes to completion, but the monoprotonated species is a weak acid and is in equilibirium with the nonprotonated species. pH studies in aqueous solution yield a pK(a2) value of 3.15 for the second deprotonation. Electronic and (1)H NMR spectra of the diprotonated complexes in various solvents are consistent with the monoprotonated complex being the major species in solution. The combined results demonstrate that the [Co(4)O(4)](4+) core is capable of acting as a Brønsted base, undergoing either one or two protonation reactions.
A Prototype Implementation of a TTP/C Controller (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The SAE has classified automotive electronics into two major categories, body electronics and system electronics. The latter (SAE class C) comprises safety critical functions that are of vital importance for the movement of the vehicle. This paper presents a prototype implementation of TTP, a time-triggered communication system developed for this type of applications. The main purpose of the prototype is to provide a means for verifying the concepts of TTP.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper focuses on a description of the hardware developed for the communication system as well as the protocol software. The TTP controller hardware is a custom made industry pack module which allows the use of TTP in conjunction with a wide variety of existing motherboards and host environments. The protocol software consists of a TTP/C protocol state machine and auxiliary modules to access the various hardware units.</div>
Ring-Chain Equilibrium between an [18]Cyclacene Derivative and a Ladder Oligomer (1998)

The synthesis of the AB-type Diels-Alder (DA) monomer 12 is reported whose self-condensation leads to the formation of the linear ladder oligomer 17 and its cyclic congener 18. 18 is the largest [n]cyclacene derivative known (n = 18) and can be obtained by thermal treatment of 17 in yields of up to 45% utilizing the reversibility of the DA cyclization involved. 17 can be considered a “storage form” for 18.
Differential Involvement of the Transcription Factor Blimp-1 in T Cell-Independent and -Dependent B Cell Differentiation to Plasma Cells (1999)

Along humoral immune responses, different stimuli drive the differentiation of B lymphocytes to Ig-secreting plasma cells in discrete microenvironments. The Blimp-1 transcription factor is up-regulated early during the transition of mature B cells to IgM-secreting plasma cells. In the present study, we have examined the requirement of Blimp-1 in plasma cell formation after both T cell-independent (LPS) and -dependent (CD40 + IL-4, Th cell lines) stimulation of spleen B cells. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) was expressed early after in vitro LPS stimulation, mainly in a population of IgM+Syndecan+CD43+ preplasma cells. In contrast, the BSAP transcription factor expressed in mature B cells was down-regulated during the differentiation to plasma cells. Treatment of these cultures with Blimp-1-specific antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides suppressed both Blimp-1 protein levels and the emergence of IgM+Syndecan+ cells and plasma cells. However, T-B cell cocultures of spleen B cells from C3H/HeJ (H-2k) mice and syngeneic autoreactive SR.10 Th2 cells submitted to the anti-Blimp-1 therapy did not show any significant reduction in IgM- and IgG1-secreting plasma cell formation. Spleen B cells treated with anti-CD40 mAb + IL-4 differentiated to IgG1-secreting cells without significant transcription of the Blimp-1 gene; anti-Blimp-1 treatment subsequently did not have any effect in the later cultures. Altogether, these results suggest that Blimp-1 transcription factor specifically promotes T cell-independent B cell differentiation to plasma cells, probably at preplasma cell stages. In contrast, T cell-dependent plasma cell formation likely evolves through Blimp-1-independent pathways.
Eicosanoids in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Aspirin-Intolerant Patients with Asthma After Aspirin Challenge (1994)

We have recently shown that oral aspirin provocation leads to an increase in LTE4 and a reduction in 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels in urine of patients with aspirin induced-asthma (AIA). To test the hypothesis that cyclooxygenase inhibition and an enhancement of cysteinyl-leukotriene production occurs in the lungs of patients with AIA, we examined the eicosanoid levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained 30 min after lysine-aspirin or placebo inhalation in 10 patients with AIA. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were determined to evaluate eosinophil activation. Six asthmatics nonsensitive to aspirin (NA) underwent challenge with placebo. The dose of lysine-aspirin inhaled by patients with AIA was equal to that which had produced > or = 20% fall in FEV1. Compared with NA, patients with AIA had: (1) eicosanoid levels, particularly PGE2 and TXB2, elevated and (2) higher number of eosinophils and ECP. The overproduction of eicosanoids could be related to a distinct eosinophilic inflammation in airways of patients with AIA. Inhalation of lysine-aspirin had no effects on 12-HETE and 15-HETE levels, but it markedly depressed cyclooxygenase products and significantly enhanced leukotriene production in the lungs of patients with AIA.
421. The structure and properties of certain polycyclic indolo- and quinolino-derivatives. Part III. Derivatives of 1 : 2 : 2a : 3 : 4 : 5 : 8 : 9 : 10 : 10a-decahydro-5 : 8-diketo-2a : 10a-diazapyrene (1951)

C. Y. Almond and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 1906 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510001906