gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation of acoustic surface waves in multilayers: A matrix description (1973)

A matrix formalism is outlined for studying surface wave propagation in layered structures utilizing materials of arbitrary anisotropy, piezoelectricity, and conductivity. The analytical formulation reduces the equations describing the system to a first-order matrix differential equation which is readily solved. The conceptual advantages and reduction of programming effort and computing time resulting from this approach are illustrated using as examples an infinite plate, a multilayer plate, a layered half-space, and a free half-space.
Graphite/epoxy composite stiffened panel fabrication development (1984)

This report describes the manufacturing development procedures used to fabricate a series of carbon/epoxy panels with integrally molded stiffeners. Panel size was started at 6 inches by 18 inches and one stiffener and increased to 30 inches by 60 inches and six integral stiffeners. Stiffener concepts were optimized for minimum weight (or mass) to carry stress levels from 1500 lbs/inch to 25,000 lbs/inch compression load. Designs were created and manufactured with a stiffener configuration of integrally molded hat, J, I, sine wave I, solid blade, and honeycomb blade shapes. Successful and unsuccessful detail methods of tooling, lay-up methods, and bagging methods are documented. Recommendations are made for the best state-of-the-art manufacturing technique developed for type of stiffener construction.
Temporal contrast enhanced to 10/sup -10/ for Petawatt scale femtosecond lasers (2005)

We present a new non-linear solid-state technique for temporal femtosecond pulses cleaning. The contrast reaches 10/sup -10/ for millijoule input pulse. The method is reliable enough to solve the contrast issue for petawatt class lasers.
A technique for counting ones in a binary computer (1960)

Standard methods of counting binary ones on a computer with a 704 type instruction code require an inner loop which is carried out once for each bit in the machine word. Program 1 (written in SAP language for purposes of illustration) is an example of such a standard program.
Tetanus Toxin Fragment C Expressed in Live<i>Salmonella</i>Vaccines Enhances Antibody Responses to Its Fusion Partner<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>Glutathione<i>S</i>-Transferase (2000)

Tetanus toxoid has been used widely as an adjuvant. The atoxic fragment C from tetanus toxin (TetC) is potently immunogenic when expressed in Salmonella vaccine strains and has been used as a fusion partner for antigens (Ag). However, there has been no formal comparison of the immunomodulatory impact of TetC on its fusion partners. In this study, we have addressed this important issue. The protective 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (GST) from Schistosoma haematobium (Sh28GST) was expressed either as a fusion to TetC or as the full-length Sh28GST alone in a nonvirulent aroA-attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The Sh28GST proteins were soluble and stably expressed in Salmonella, as evaluated by Western blotting with TetC and/or Sh28GST antisera. Mice were immunized orally with a single dose of the live recombinant Salmonella. The constructs were stable in mice but, dramatically, only the strain expressing the TetC-Sh28GST fusion elicited significant antibody (Ab) responses directed against Sh28GST as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An analysis of the isotype profiles showed that these mice also produced anti-Sh28GST immunoglobulin A and GST-neutralizing assays revealed high levels of neutralizing Abs in sera. These are important correlates of protection in schistosomiasis. In addition, stimulation of spleen cells from immunized mice with Sh28GST Ag showed that both strains, expressing Sh28GST alone or the TetC-Sh28GST fusion, were able to stimulate the secretion of Th1-related cytokines (gamma interferon and interleukin 2) to comparable levels. Thus, TetC has modulated the immune responses generated against its fusion partner, Sh28GST, by markedly enhancing the Ab responses elicited. These results have important implications in the rational development of live vaccines.
Characterization of a dynamic S layer on Bacillus thuringiensis (1989)

The surfaces of three Bacillus thuringiensis strains possess an S layer composed of linear arrays of small particles arranged with p2 symmetry and with a = 8.5 nm, b = 7.2 nm, and gamma = 73 degrees. Platinum shadows of whole cells and S-layer fragments revealed the outer surface of the array to be smooth and the inner surface to be corrugated. Treatment with 2 M guanidine hydrochloride at pH 2.5 to 4 best removed the S layer for chemical characterization; it was a relatively hydrophilic 91.4-kilodalton protein with a pI of 5, no detectable carbohydrate, cysteine, methionine or tryptophan, and 21.2% nonpolar residues. No N-terminal homology with other S-layer proteins was evident. Antibody labeling experiments confirmed that the amount of S layer was proportional to the growth phase in broth cultures. Late-exponential- and stationary-growth-phase cells typically sloughed off fragments of S layer, and this may be the result of wall turnover. Indigenous autolytic activity in isolated walls rapidly digested the wall fabric, liberating soluble S-layer protein. At the same time, proteases frequently reduced the molecular weight of the 91.4-kilodalton protein, but these polypeptides could still be identified as S-layer components by immunoblotting. As cultures were serially subcultured, the frequency of appearance of the S layer diminished, and it was eventually lost. The dynamic nature of this S layer makes it atypical of most previously identified S layers and made it unusually difficult to characterize.
Peptide-nucleic acid nanostructures for transfection (2012)

Abstract To use nucleic acids in biomedical research and medical applications, these highly hydrophilic macromolecules have to be transported through the organism, targeted to specific cell surfaces, and have to cross cellular barriers. To this end, nanosized transfection complexes have been designed and several of them have been successfully tested. Here, the different steps of the transfection process and the particular optimization protocols are reviewed, including the physicochemical properties of such vectors (size, charge, composition), protection in serum, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and intracellular targeting. The transfection process has been subdivided into separate steps and here special emphasis is given to peptides that have been designed to optimize these steps individually. Finally, complex devices encompassing a multitude of beneficial functionalities for transfection have been developed.
Accurate Interaction Energies of Hydrogen-Bonded Nucleic Acid Base Pairs (2004)

Hydrogen-bonded nucleic acids base pairs substantially contribute to the structure and stability of nucleic acids. The study presents reference ab initio structures and interaction energies of selected base pairs with binding energies ranging from -5 to -47 kcal/mol. The molecular structures are obtained using the RI-MP2 (resolution of identity MP2) method with extended cc-pVTZ basis set of atomic orbitals. The RI-MP2 method provides results essentially identical with the standard MP2 method. The interaction energies are calculated using the Complete Basis Set (CBS) extrapolation at the RI-MP2 level. For some base pairs, Coupled-Cluster corrections with inclusion of noniterative triple contributions (CCSD(T)) are given. The calculations are compared with selected medium quality methods. The PW91 DFT functional with the 6-31G basis set matches well the RI-MP2/CBS absolute interaction energies and reproduces the relative values of base pairing energies with a maximum relative error of 2.6 kcal/mol when applied with Becke3LYP-optimized geometries. The Becke3LYP DFT functional underestimates the interaction energies by few kcal/mol with relative error of 2.2 kcal/mol. Very good performance of nonpolarizable Cornell et al. force field is confirmed and this indirectly supports the view that H-bonded base pairs are primarily stabilized by electrostatic interactions.
Effects of Pt and Zr on the oxidation behavior of FeTbCo magneto-optic films: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1989)

We report the effects of Pt and Zr on the oxidation behavior of FeTbCo magneto-optic films. The addition of 10 at. % Pt or Zr increased environmental stability without significantly affecting the magneto-optic properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study in situ oxidation of clean FeTbCoPt and FeTbCoZr films under 5×10−7 Torr of oxygen at room temperature. Pt and Zr played different roles in increasing the oxidation resistance of the alloy. In the FeTbCoPt alloy, Pt reduced the oxygen uptake and retarded the oxidation kinetics of Fe. No oxidation of Pt was observed. In the FeTbCoZr alloy, Zr oxidized readily and segregated to the surface to form a protective layer. The Tb/Fe ratio at the surface increased with oxygen exposure in both alloys but at a faster rate in the FeTbCoPt alloy than in the FeTbCoZr alloy.
Transmission mode selection for energy saving in the CoMP system with semi-smart antenna (2012)

In this paper we present a transmission mode selection scheme in CoMP network combined with semi-smart antennas (SSA) for energy saving. Based on the cell zooming scheme, selected transmission nodes can be switched off or in the sleeping mode without reducing the cell coverage. We introduce the cell zooming into a cellular network combing CoMP with SSA for energy saving. Users should select a proper transmission mode from the traditional single cell transmission mode, the CoMP transmission mode, the single cell transmission with SSA, and the CoMP transmission with SSA. The problem of the optimization on the transmission mode selection for energy efficiency is defined and a sub-optimal solution is obtained by the generic algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed transmission mode selection scheme in CoMP network combined with semi-smart antennas can achieve the best network energy efficiency.
Temporary Abolition of Pain in Man (1967)

In eight patients with intense chronic cutaneous pain, sensory nerves or roots. supplying the painful area were stimulated. Square-wave 0.1-millisecond pulses at 100 cycles per second were applied, and the voltage was raised until the patient reported tingling in the area. During this stimulation, pressure on previously sensitive areas failed to evoke pain. Four patients, who had diseases of their peripheral nerves, experienced relief of their pain for more than half an hour after stimulation for 2 minutes.
Study on the catalytic behavior of metal acetylacetonates for epoxy curing reactions (2002)

Abstract Metal acetylacetonates are effective latent catalysts for epoxy/anhydride systems. A screen test on the catalytic behavior of metal acetylacetonate shows that this system offers a wide range of curing latency and material properties. It can be inferred that the curing behavior is closely related to the bonding strength of the metal ion to the ligand. Isothermal kinetic study on the catalytic behavior of metal chelates with first‐row transition metal ions is conducted and analyzed by using an autocatalytic model. It is found that the activation energy of the system containing the divalent metal chelates follows the Irving and Williams rule. The activation energies of the reaction obtained in the kinetic study are compared with the dissociation energies of the metal/ligand bond and the results are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1572–1579, 2002
Computation of Molecular Surface Using Euclidean Voronoi Diagram (2005)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
The pipeline flow of capsules: Part 1: The concept of capsule pipelining (1963)

Abstract Pipelining science and technology may be regarded as developing through several generations, the first two being fluid and slurry pipelining, respectively. Third generation pipelining in which it may be possible to extend the practice and economies of such transportation methods to an even wider spectrum of commodities may be defined as the flow of materials in capsule forms, as massive rigid or semi‐rigid segments of the supporting fluid. The flow of such capsule forms is recognized as a flow configuration which is stable, being normally encountered in the flow of equal‐density immiscible fluids over a wide range of conditions. Because the capsule forms occupy appreciably less than the total cross‐sectional area of the pipe, they move at a velocity greater than the average over‐all velocity. In addition, the pressure gradient of a stream in turbulent flow tends to be reduced, rather than increased, by the presence of capsule forms.
Ozone acts alone and synergistically with ionizing radiation to induce <i>in vitro</i> neoplastic transformation (1986)

Ozone, a major chemical oxidant in the atmosphere, is an environmental air pollutant whose ability to act as a direct carcinogen is unclear Using in vitro transformation, a technique which permits the study of oncogenesis in the absence of host specific effects, we report for the first time that ozone (5 p.p.m. for 5 min) induces neoplastic transformation in vitro in both primary hamster embryo cells and mouse fibroblast cultures (C3H/10-1/2). Exposure of the hamster and mouse cells to ozone also results in enhanced levels of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation products. We also report for the first time on the carcinogenic interaction between ozone and ionizing radiation. Exposure of the cells to 3 or 4 Gy of gamma-rays, 2 h prior to O3 treatment, results in markedly enhanced rates of transformation, statistically consistent with a synergistic interaction between the agents. The results demonstrate that O3 acts as a direct carcinogen and co-carcinogen on susceptible cells, therefore having important consequences for public health.
Immunotherapy of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2008)

In 1992, high-dose bolus interleukin (IL)-2 was granted Food and Drug Administration approval based on its ability to produce durable complete responses in a small number of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the substantial toxicity and limited efficacy that is associated with IL-2 has narrowed its application to highly selected patients treated at specialized centers. In recent years, the relative merits of low- and high-dose cytokine regimens have been clarified by the results of 4 randomized trials. Taken together, these studies suggest that high-dose IV bolus IL-2 is superior in terms of response rate and possibly response quality to regimens that involve either low-dose IL-2 and interferon-alpha, intermediate- or low-dose IL-2 alone, or low-dose interferon-alpha alone. More significantly, investigations associated with these trials suggest that the potential exists for identifying predictors of response (or resistance) and limiting IL-2 therapy to those most likely to benefit. The Cytokine Working Group has launched the high-dose IL-2 "select" trial to determine, in a prospective fashion, if the predictive model proposed by Atkins et al. can identify a group of patients with advanced RCC who are significantly more likely to respond to high dose IL-2-based therapy ("good" risk) than a historical, unselected patient population. For patients unlikely to benefit from IL-2, are unable to receive it or who progress after IL-2, the emergence of molecularly targeted therapies offers hope for improved clinical outcome. As the list of effective therapies for metastatic RCC grows, improvements in patient selection and more "targeted" approaches will be required to optimize the benefits of cytokine therapy in metastatic RCC.
Factors Controlling the Combustion of Zirconium Powders (1953)

The activity of zirconium metal powders was studied by measurements of ignition temperature, burning time, and ignition energy on subsieve powders prepared by calcium reduction of and on coarse powders made by grinding fused zirconium. Particle diameter of 10 microns represents approximately the dividing line between hazardous and nonhazardous powder, using 0.01–0.04 joule spark ignition energy as a criterion. Thermal ignition appears to occur by spontaneous combustion, and a theory was developed which accounts qualitatively for the dependence of ignition temperature on a number of variables. The burning time of Zr powders is related to, but not uniquely determined by, the surface area. Ignition sensitivity of Zr powders was not successfully decreased by alloying with Ti, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, or H2. Hazards are discussed briefly, and details of evaluation methods reported.
Modern trends in the development of small and handy antennas (2002)

For a long time, antennas for mobile phone handsets were seen as a necessary piece of wire at the end of a high tech system. Due to the strong demand for better performance, lower price and better design, the antenna element is becoming more and more the focus of interest. This paper gives an overview about some actual trends of today's handset antennas. The interaction with the user, the technology of integrated antennas and multiband antenna concepts are explained.
A comparison of the post selection error rate behaviour of the normal linear and quadratic discriminant rules (2000)

The normal linear discriminant rule (NLDR) and the normal quadratic discriminant rule (NQDR) are popular classifiers when working with normal populations. Several papers in the literature have been devoted to a comparison of these rules with respect to classification performance. An aspect which has, however, not received any attention is the effect of an initial variable selection step on the relative performance of these classification rules. Cross model validation variabie selection has been found to perform well in the linear case, and can be extended to the quadratic case. We report the results of a simulation study comparing the NLDR and the NQDR with respect to the post variable selection classification performance. It is of interest that the NQDR generally benefits from an initial variable selection step. We also comment briefly on the problem of estimating the post selection error rates of the two rules.
A pre-operative planning framework for global registration of laparoscopic ultrasound to CT images (2018)

We have introduced a planning framework that can guide the surgeon on how much LUS data to collect in order to provide a reliable globally unique registration without the need for an initial manual alignment. This could potentially improve the usability of these methods in clinic.
Providing integrated QoS control for IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access systems (2006)

This paper proposes a new integrated QoS architecture for IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless MAN in TDD mode. The current strategy of providing IntServ via IEEE802.16-2004 WirelessMAN is analyzed. A mapping rule for providing DiffServ between IP layer and MAC layer is given. A fast signaling mechanism is designed to provide cross layer integrated QoS for Point to Multi- Point (PMP) mode. Comparison between traditional RSVP signaling mechanism and proposed signaling mechanism is given. The simulation is conducted for VoIP, FTP and HTTP traffic. The results show that the proposed integrated QoS control mechanism can satisfy the bandwidth requirements of different applications.
Spectrin is associated with membrane-bound actin filaments in platelets and is hydrolyzed by the Ca2+-dependent protease during platelet activation (1987)

We recently showed that platelets contain submembranous actin filaments that are linked to glycoprotein (GP) Ib on the plasma membrane. In the present study, experiments were performed to determine whether spectrin was associated with these filaments. The membrane-bound filaments were isolated from Triton X-100 (Sigma, St Louis) lysates of unstimulated platelets by differential centrifugation. Platelet spectrin was detected immunologically by using antibodies against human brain and RBC spectrin. Immunoblots showed that platelet spectrin consisted of two polypeptides (mol wt 240,000 and 235,000) that were similar in apparent mol wt to those of the alpha and beta chains of brain spectrin but differed slightly from those of RBC spectrin (mol wt 240,000 and 220,000). Immunoprecipitation experiments identified platelet spectrin as two minor polypeptides migrating on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)- polyacrylamide gels between actin-binding protein (mol wt 250,000) and the platelet polypeptide P235 (mol wt 235,000). Immunoblots of fractions isolated from Triton X-100-lysed platelets revealed that the alpha and beta chains of platelet spectrin were associated almost entirely with the actin filaments that were linked to the plasma membrane. Little spectrin was recovered in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction or with the actin filaments that were not membrane bound. During activation of platelets with thrombin or ionophore A23187, the alpha and beta chains of spectrin were hydrolyzed, generating a major degradation product of mol wt 160,000 and a minor one of mol wt 170,000. These two hydrolytic products were also generated in Triton X- 100 lysates incubated in the presence of Ca2+ but were not produced when lysates were treated with leupeptin, ethylene glycol bis(beta- aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), or N- ethylmaleimide, known inhibitors of the Ca2+-dependent protease. These experiments show that spectrin is a previously unidentified component of the membrane-bound actin filament network and that hydrolysis of spectrin by the Ca2+-dependent protease may regulate the interactions of the filaments during platelet activation.
Comparative studies on mammalian <i>Hoxc8</i> early enhancer sequence reveal a baleen whale-specific deletion of a cis-acting element (1998)

Variations in regulatory regions of developmental control genes have been implicated in the divergence of axial morphologies. To find potentially significant changes in cis-regulatory regions, we compared nucleotide sequences and activities of mammalian Hoxc8 early enhancers. The nucleotide sequence of the early enhancer region is extremely conserved among mammalian clades, with five previously described cis-acting elements, A-E, being invariant. However, a 4-bp deletion within element C of the Hoxc8 early enhancer sequence is observed in baleen whales. When assayed in transgenic mouse embryos, a baleen whale enhancer (unlike other mammalian enhancers) directs expression of the reporter gene to more posterior regions of the neural tube but fails to direct expression to posterior mesoderm. We suggest that regulation of Hoxc8 in baleen whales differs from other mammalian species and may be associated with variation in axial morphology.