gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualified Biolayer Interferometry Avidity Measurements Distinguish the Heterogeneity of Antibody Interactions with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Circumsporozoite Protein Antigens (2018)

Ab avidity is a measure of the overall strength of Ab-Ag interactions and hence is important for understanding the functional efficiency of Abs. In vaccine evaluations, Ab avidity measurements can provide insights into immune correlates of protection and generate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of protection to improve vaccine design to achieve higher levels of efficacy. The commonly used Ab avidity assays require the use of chaotropic reagents to measure avidity index. In this study, using real-time detection of Ab-Ag binding by biolayer interferometry (BLI) technique, we have developed a qualified assay for measuring avidity of vaccine-induced Abs specific for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein (CSP) Ags. Human mAb derived from plasmablasts of recipients of RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S), the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate, were used in the assay development to measure Ag-specific binding responses and rate constants of association and dissociation. The optimized BLI binding assay demonstrated 1) good precision (percentage of coefficient of variation <20), 2) high specificity, 3) a lower limit of detection and quantitation in the 0.3-3.3 nM range, and 4) a range of linearity up to 50-100 nM for the CSP Ags tested. Analysis of polyclonal sera of malaria vaccinees demonstrated the suitability of this method to distinguish among vaccinees and rank Ab responses by avidity. These results demonstrate that precise, specific, and sensitive BLI measurements of Ab avidity in polyclonal sera from malaria vaccinees can map Ab response heterogeneity and potentially help to determine the role of Ab avidity as an immune correlate of protection for vaccines.
Multi-ring element FSS for multi-band applications (1992)

NASA's CRAF/Cassini (C/C) project requires the use of multiple RF frequencies at S, X, Ku, and Ka bands for science investigations and data communications links. A single high-gain antenna (HGA) will be used. It incorporates a frequency-selective subreflector (FSS) to allow a Cassegrain configuration at X (7.2 and 8.4 GHz) and Ka (32 and 34.5 GHz) bands, and a prime focus configuration at S (2.3 GHz) and Ku (13.8 GHz) bands. A four-based FSS design for the C/C application is reported. The selection of the concentric ring elements is based on the fact that the ring's geometry is particularly conformable to the present circular polarization requirement and ease of manufacture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CD44 antibody-targeted liposomal nanoparticles for molecular imaging and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)

Most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapies fail to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) and monitor cancer progression or regression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cancer imaging and simultaneously monitoring targeted therapy in a single animal by anti-CD44 antibody-mediated liposomal nanoparticle. In this study, an in situ liver tumor model was applied for therapy by injecting 1.0 × 10(6) HepG2 cells carrying a reporter system encoding a double fusion (DF) reporter gene consisting of firefly luciferase (Fluc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the liver of NOD/SCID mice. A strategy was developed which specifically targeted HCC via anti-CD44 antibody-mediated liposomal nanoparticle delivery, loaded of either doxorubicin (Dox) or a triple fusion (TF) gene containing the herpes simplex virus truncated thymidine kinase (HSV-ttk) and renilla luciferase (Rluc) and red fluorescent protein (RFP). The NOD/SCID mice were subsequently treated with ganciclovir (GCV) and the growth status of tumor was monitored by optical bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of Fluc and specific targeting of the liposomal nanoparticle was tracked by Rluc imaging. CD44 antibody-mediated liposomal nanoparticle, loaded of TF plasmids, were shown to be useful for monitoring and evaluating targeting efficacy and gene therapy by non-invasive molecular imaging. Here, we demonstrate the time intensive preclinical steps involved in molecular target identification, validation, and characterization by dual molecular imaging. This targeted and traceable therapeutic strategy has potential advantages to overcome the problems of conventional tumor therapy and may open a new application for the treatment of HCC by targeting CSCs.
Work function control of hole-selective polymer/ITO anode contacts: an electrochemical doping study (2010)

We present a novel method for electrodeposition of ultra-thin films of poly-3-hexylthiophene (e-P3HT) on chemically modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, to produce a hole-selective contact with an easily tuned work function (Φ), as demonstrated by a combination of spectroelectrochemistry and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). Selective contacts for optimized charge injection have become essential components for both thin film organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Electrochemically doped e-P3HT thin films, using counter ions such as PF6− do not suffer from stability issues associated with more “acidic” polymer layers (e.g. PEDOT:PSS). By controlling the oxidation state of the e-P3HT film via electrochemical doping we control the charge density within the film, resulting in an increase in work function with an increase in degree of oxidation. The method of electrochemical formation and doping of the e-P3HT film, using either constant potential step (CA) versus pulsed-potential step (PPS) protocols, has a significant secondary impact on the work function, as a result of the interface dipole effects from entrapment of these counter ions in the near-surface region of the polymer film. These results have significance for the performance of both OLEDs and OPVs built on these doped e-P3HT layers.
A Robust Microporous Zinc Porphyrin Framework Solid (2003)

A robust microporous zinc(II) metalloporphyrin framework solid has been synthesized. The proposed structural model developed from X-ray single crystal data has an interpenetrated three-dimensional framework of zinc trans-biscarboxylate tetraarylporphyrins whose carboxylates coordinate the six edges of tetrahedral Zn(4)O(6+) clusters, maintaining a charge-neutral framework. This cubic framework has 74% free volume and 4 x 7 A pores. N(2) adsorption gives a type I isotherm with a surface area of 800 m(2)/g, which is greater than that of a typical zeolite. Experimental evidence indicates that the interpenetrated frameworks of the evacuated solid remain intact and retain a microporous structure. This is a versatile framework system: alteration of the metal in the porphyrin may create a catalytically active solid, and modification of the 10-, 20-substituents of the porphyrin can provide control over both the polarity and the size of the pores.
The Silicon Audio an audio-data compression and storage system with a semiconductor memory card (1995)

A new audio-data compression and storage system, the Silicon Audio, is presented. It employs the MPEG/Audio Layer II algorithm for data compression, which has been standardized by ISO (International Standardization Organization). A semiconductor memory card is equipped with to store the compressed signal. Decoding is carried out by a general purpose digital signal processor and a specially designed gate array chip. The package includes some special designs with vivid colors for the outdoor and sporting use. Since it has no mechanical movement, it is robust against vibration that has been a serious problem for portable audio players. The recording time is defined as a function of the memory-card capacity and the compression ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How To Do Without Steroids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2000)

This review covers the use of steroids in the treatment of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It looks at controlled trials and uncontrolled trials as to the benefits of this agent in both inducing and maintaining remission. The review also stresses the high incidence of toxicity with prolonged use of steroids and the fact that controlled trials have clearly shown that steroids do not maintain remission in either disorder. Alternatives to initiating steroids in mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are presented. The use of steroids in fistulizing versus nonfistulizing Crohn's is also covered. Finally, there is a review of data and discussion of the role of antibiotics, immunosuppressives, and combination therapy for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The expectation is that the reader will consider alternatives to initiating and maintaining steroids for prolonged periods of time in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Solar selective black cobalt: preparation, structure, and thermal stability (1980)

In the quest for an electroplated selective black coating stable to 500 °C in air, black cobalts have been prepared by three techniques to yield (a) plated cobalt sulphides, (b) plated cobalt oxide-hydroxide, and (c) cobalt oxide prepared by thermal oxidation of electropolated cobalt metal. The optical properties of the various coatings are analyzed before and after exposure to air for extended periods of time at temperatures in the 300 °–500 °C range. The sulfide black cobalt is not acceptable as a high-temperature selective absorber due to severe thermal degradation. The plated oxide is a good selective absorber to about 400 °C, and the thermally oxidized black to a slightly higher temperature, but degrades at 500 °C. Structure studies via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) are reported which yield a full account of the coating chemistry before and after heating. The studies reveal that the high solar absorptance of the acceptable black cobalt coatings is due to a continuation of a porous outer layer grading into nondense oxides of cobalt; either CoO or Co3O4, depending on the film. Absorption is intrinsic but not due to metal particles as in black chrome. A limited amount of optical degradation occurs upon heating the oxide black cobalt in air due to oxidation of hydroxide. However, the major degradation problem is shown to be substrate oxidation in contrast to black chrome where film oxidation is the principal problem.
Fast hopping frequency synthesizer with small frequency error (2003)

In frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH-SS) communication, the ability of the frequency synthesizer is required to switch the carrier frequency quickly. But, if a conventional PLL is used as a component of the synthesizer, high speed frequency switching is not expected because of the time constant of PLL. The authors propose new type synthesizer independent on above time constant, and describe the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Malachite green: a review (1985)

Abstract. A detailed review of malachite green and its chemical and physical properties as they relate to fisheries interests. Many of the confusions and misconceptions about malachite green are discussed. Its mode of action, toxicity and fate are considered.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor is required for in vivo cardiac myocyte proliferation at early embryonic stages of heart development. (1995)

In birds and mammals, cardiac myocytes terminate mitotic activity in the neonatal period and regeneration of cardiac muscle does not occur after myocardial injury in adult hearts. Even embryonic myocytes, which actively proliferate in vivo, quickly lose mitotic activity when placed in cell culture. Several growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), have been documented in embryonic hearts and some have been shown to influence myocyte terminal differentiation in culture. However, none of these growth factors have been shown to reactivate cell division in postmitotic myocytes nor have their in vivo functions been defined satisfactorily. To clarify the role of FGF signaling in heart growth, we prepared two retroviral vectors capable of suppressing (i) functions of FGF receptors (FGFRs) with a dominant-negative mutant of receptor type 1 (FGFR1) or (ii) the translation of endogenous FGFR1 by transcribing its antisense RNA. Both vectors inhibited myocyte proliferation and/or survival during the first week of chicken embryonic development but had much less effect after the second week. No apparent alteration of myocyte growth was observed after overexpression of full-length FGFR1. These results suggest that receptor-coupled FGF signaling regulates cardiac myocyte growth during tubular stages of cardiogenesis but that myocyte growth becomes FGF-independent after the second week of embryogenesis.
An Outpatient, Ambulant-Design, Controlled Human Infection Model Using Escalating Doses of Salmonella Typhi Challenge Delivered in Sodium Bicarbonate Solution (2014)

Human challenge with a small inoculum of virulent S. Typhi administered in bicarbonate solution can be performed safely using an ambulant-model design to advance understanding of host-pathogen interactions and immunity. This model should expedite development of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics for typhoid control.
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), Version 1.0 (2004)

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) specification provides a graphical notation for expressing business processes in a Business Process Diagram (BPD). The objective of BPMN is to support business process management by both technical users and business users by providing a notation that is intuitive to business users yet able to represent complex process semantics. The BPMN specification also provides a mapping between the graphics of the notation to the underlying constructs of execution languages, particularly BPEL4WS. Status of this Document This document is version 1.0 of the BPMN specification submitted by members of the BPMI initiative on May 3, 2004. It supersedes any previous version. It has been produced based on the work of the members of the BPMI Notation Working Group. Comments on this document and discussions of this document should be sent to BPMN-PublicReview@bpmi.org. It is expected that as experience is gained with BPMN there will be feedback about this relatively young specification, particularly the mapping from the notation to BPEL4WS. Thus, this document may be updated, replaced, or made obsolete by other documents at any time.
Fault tolerant quantum cellular array (QCA) design using Triple Modular Redundancy with shifted operands (2005)

Due to their extremely small feature sizes and ultra low power consumption, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is projected to be a promising nanotechnology. However, in nanotechnologies, manufacture time defect levels and operational time fault rates are expected to be quite high. Straightforward Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) based fault tolerance is inappropriate for QCA nanotechnology since wire delays dominate the logic delays and faults in wires dominate the faults in a QCA based design. Furthermore, long wires are necessary in TMR based designs. In this paper we show that fault-tolerance can be obtained by using TMR with Shifted Operands (TMRSO). TMRSO uses shorter wires of QCA cells and exploits the self-latching property of clocked QCA arrays to provide the same level of fault tolerance capability as straightforward TMR while being significantly faster and smaller. This technique can be applied to a variety of operations; we have validated TMRSO on adders. Implementation results obtained using QCADesigner [6] show that an 8-bit adder using TMRSO has more than 50% area reduction and more than 100% throughput improvement when compared to a TMR implementation.
Indigo Backstaining During Cellulase Washing (1998)

We have attempted to understand the mechanisms of indigo backstaining during enzyme stone washing by separately analyzing dye staining levels on different cotton surfaces during the process. The high ability of the cellulase enzyme protein to bind to cotton cellulose is the major cause of backstaining. Further studies of commercial cellulases show that the pH of maximum cellulase activity may not be the same pH of maximum of cellulase binding capacity to the substrate, and also that indigo dyes have completely different affinities for cellulase proteins from different fungal origins.
Characterization of viremia at different stages of varicella-zoster virus infection (1998)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) viremia at different stages of infection was characterized. Different approaches were used, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isothermal transcription based nucleic acid amplification (NASBA), and immunofluorescence to describe and quantitate viral infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In patients with acute varicella 200 to 5,000 copies of the viral genome in every 150,000 PBMC were found with quantitative competitive PCR (QCPCR). With NASBA, viral transcriptional activity was detected in these cells. RNA transcribed from the immediate early gene IE 63 as well as from the late gene 68 were found, indicating a productive infection. Glycoprotein gE specific immunofluorescence visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that only 1 in 10,000 to 100,000 PBMC was infected. T and B lymphocytes as well as monocytes expressed viral protein on their surface. Similar results were obtained with PBMC from immunocompetent zoster patients. In some cases a transient viremia was found shortly after the onset of rash, although the viral load seemed to be lower than in patients with varicella. Examination of blood samples from 16 persons with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) signs of viral replication in PBMC were not detected. In conclusion, the data suggest that VZV viremia is a frequent event in patients with varicella and zoster, but not in those with postherpetic neuralgia. Moreover, the results indicated that subclinical reactivations occur both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.
A Cost Effective Information Display System Based on Open Source Technologies (2017)

The design and development of an information display system are discussed in this paper. This system is used to display dynamic content (e.g., announcements, news, slideshows, and other information) on HD TV screens that are distributed across the university campus. The low cost and small size raspberry pi devices running a Linux-based OS are utilized to open a dynamic web page in web browsers and then transfer the views to the corresponding screens for display. To cut costs further, the management software to update the displayed content is developed in-house and deployed using free open source software technologies such as the Apache server, PHP engine, and MySQL database management system. Furthermore, users may interactively scan a QR code on a screen using a reader running on their smartphones to easily access the offered services.
Hyperpigmentation and melasma (2007)

Facial and neck pigmentations are significant cosmetic problems. They are common in middle-aged women, related to endogenous (hormones) and exogenous factors (cosmetics, perfumes, sun exposure), and often represent paramount causes of emotional distress. Although melasma is the most common cause of facial pigmentation, there are many other forms including drug-induced and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. We review pathogenesis, clinical and histopathological data, effect on quality of life, and treatment options in facial hyperpigmentation disorders.
FOAMED CEMENT SOLVES PRODUCING, INJECTION PROBLEMS (1998)

Three production and injection examples from the Permian basin demonstrate how advanced technology identifies problems that can be treated with foamed cement. The process involves computer simulation (modeling), log analysis, and tracer surveys. Operators of these wells identified conformance-control problems caused by fractures, interwell communication, and flooding fluid breakthrough.
Effects of different phosphodiesterase-inhibiting drugs on human pregnant myometrium: an in vitro study. (1987)

The phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibiting and smooth muscle relaxing effects of theophylline, enprofylline, papaverine and moxaverine have been studied in vitro on spontaneous contracting human, pregnant myometrium. All drugs showed a close correlation between the PDE-inhibiting and smooth muscle relaxing effect. The order of smooth muscle relaxing potency was papaverine greater than moxaverine greater than enprofylline greater than theophylline. The most potent PDE-inhibitors were moxaverine and papaverine with a 50% PDE-inhibiting concentration (IC50) of 3.3 and 3.8 microM as compared to the least potent PDE-inhibitor, theophylline, with an IC50 of 665 microM. It is concluded that PDE-inhibiting drugs show a close correlation between PDE-inhibiting and relaxing effect on spontaneously contracting pregnant myometrium and that the newly developed drug enprofylline might be of interest in the treatment of premature uterine contractions.
Dynamic prioritization of multimedia flows for improving QoS and throughput in IEEE 802.11e WLANs (2005)

In wireless LANs, QoS provisioning and multimedia traffic support are critical elements for the successful deployment of such networks. In this paper, we propose a dynamic mechanism to adapt data rate and priority of multimedia wireless stations equipped with IEEE 802.11e network cards. We show how the introduced dynamicity is able to improve performance of the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) of IEEE 802.11e networks.
Sperm penetration into a hyaluronic acid polymer as a means of monitoring functional competence. (1992)

The diagnostic significance of sperm penetration assays based on a commercially available hyaluronate preparation (Sperm Select) has been investigated in the male partners of 77 couples characterized by a normal female partner. Sperm penetration into hyaluronate was highly correlated with the ability of the same sperm populations to penetrate bovine cervical mucus and, moreover, depended on the same attributes of semen quality, including the morphology of the spermatozoa, their number, and their motility as reflected by their mean path velocity. Stepwise multiple regression analyses employing these independent variables generated r values of 0.821 to 0.931, depending on the criterion of hyaluronate penetration used; path velocity was consistently the most informative variable according to the standardized regression coefficients. The relationship between hyaluronate penetration and sperm movement was so close that multiple regression equations could be generated that were capable of accounting for up to 76% of the variance in sperm velocity measurements obtained with a computerized image analysis system. Regression equations could also be generated using the hyaluronate penetration data that could account for 65% of the variance observed in an A23187-enhanced zona-free hamster oocyte penetration test, including the successful identification of the subpopulation of patients in whom 0% oocyte penetration had been recorded. Within the same data set, independent variables based on bovine cervical mucus penetration could only account for 43.5% of the variance in sperm-oocyte fusion. Hyaluronate penetration therefore appears to offer a simple, objective means of generating information on the functional competence of human spermatozoa that should find a role in routine diagnostic services where the more specialized tests are not available.