gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guest Editorial Introduction To The Special Issue On Automatic Target Detection And Recognition (1997)

Automatic target recognition (ATR) generally refers to the autonomous or aided target detection and recognition by computer processing of data from a variety of sensors such as forward looking infrared (FLIR), synthetic aperture radar(SAR), inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), laser radar (LADAR), millimeter wave (MMW) radar, multispectral/hyperspectral sensors, low-light television (LLTV), video, ete. It is an extremely important capability for targeting and surveillance missions of defense weapon systems operating from a variety of platforms.
Humoral antibody response and protective immunity in swine following immunization with the 104-kilodalton hemolysin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1990)

Five cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were given three adjuvant-supplemented subcutaneous and one intravenous injection of the purified 104-kDa hemolysin from serotype 1 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae CM-5. Six control animals received phosphate-buffered saline only. Five of six control pigs died within 24 h after challenge. The sixth control pig was moribund and euthanized after 48 h. All six pigs had pleuropneumonia, and A. pleuropneumoniae was isolated from all six lungs. None of the vaccinated pigs died as a result of challenge. After being euthanized, two pigs in this group had no lung lesions but three had chronic pleuropneumonia involving 10, 20, and 40% of the lung tissue. A. pleuropneumoniae was isolated from lung lesions of these three animals but not from the two pigs without lesions. The prechallenge hemolysin-neutralizing antibody titers in the vaccinated pigs were 1:10,900, 1:10,600, 1:4,800, 1:3,900, and 1:3,000, in order of increasing lung involvement. None of the control pigs had neutralizing antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies to capsule, lipopolysaccharide, and hemolysin were not detected in serum samples collected from the control pigs. In the vaccinated group, prechallenge sera did not contain ELISA antibodies to capsule or lipopolysaccharide. ELISA antibodies to the hemolysin were detected only in the prechallenge and postchallenge serum samples. These results indicate that pigs immunized with the 104-kDa hemolysin of serotype 1 A. pleuropneumoniae are protected against challenge with virulent bacteria. The association between neutralizing antibodies and protection indicates indirectly that the hemolysin is an important virulence factor.
Low-Cost BiCMOS Variable Gain LNA at&gt;tex&lt;$Ku$&gt;/tex&lt;-Band With Ultra-Low Power Consumption (2004)

A low-noise amplifier (LNA) at Ku-band with variable gain for adaptive antenna combining is presented. The compact MMIC is optimized for low-power-consuming wireless local area network applications and is fabricated using commercial 0.25-/spl mu/m bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. At 16 GHz, a supply voltage of 1.5 V and a current consumption of only 1.5 mA, maximum gain of 14.5 dB, noise figure of 3.8 dB, and third-order intercept point at the output of 1 dBm are measured. At a supply voltage of only 1 V and a supply current of 0.9 mA, a gain of 11 dB was achieved, yielding a gain per supply power figure-of-merit of 12.2 dB/mW, which, to the knowledge of the authors, is the highest reported to date for Ku-band LNAs, independent of the technology used. The characteristics of different bias methods for amplitude control of the cascode circuit are elaborately discussed. A bias-control method is proposed to significantly decrease the transmission phase variations versus gain.
Complications of Epilepsy Surgery after 654 Procedures in Sweden, September 1990–1995: A Multicenter Study Based on the Swedish National Epilepsy Surgery Register (2001)

This is the first national multicenter study on complications after epilepsy surgery. It demonstrates that these procedures as performed at six different centers in Sweden are safe, but also that risk is related to age. In patients younger than age 35 years, the risk for a major complication after invasive subdural strip electrode investigation and epilepsy surgery is low.
Detecting Human Thermal Discomfort via Physiological Signals (2017)

This paper provides a new approach to the automatic detection of thermal discomfort. We see this research as a step toward the development of an intelligent climate control system that does not require any explicit input from the users. We introduce a novel dataset that simulates different thermal comfort/discomfort levels and we provide a complete analysis of different physiological signals and their capability of discriminating between these levels. Our approach is successful in detecting the thermal sensation of human subjects and it is expected to enable innovative adaptive control scenarios for enclosed environments as well as a significant reduction in energy consumption.
Protein Analysis of Purified Respiratory Syncytial Virus Particles Reveals an Important Role for Heat Shock Protein 90 in Virus Particle Assembly (2010)

In this study, we used imaging and proteomics to identify the presence of virus-associated cellular proteins that may play a role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) maturation. Fluorescence microscopy of virus-infected cells revealed the presence of virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and mature virus particles, the latter appearing as virus filaments. In situ electron tomography suggested that the virus filaments were complex structures that were able to package multiple copies of the virus genome. The virus particles were purified, and the protein content was analyzed by one-dimensional nano-LC MS/MS. In addition to all the major virus structural proteins, 25 cellular proteins were also detected, including proteins associated with the cortical actin network, energy pathways, and heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSC70, and HSP90). Representative actin-associated proteins, HSC70, and HSP90 were selected for further biological validation. The presence of beta-actin, filamin-1, cofilin-1, HSC70, and HSP90 in the virus preparation was confirmed by immunoblotting using relevant antibodies. Immunofluorescence microscopy of infected cells stained with antibodies against relevant virus and cellular proteins confirmed the presence of these cellular proteins in the virus filaments and inclusion bodies. The relevance of HSP90 to virus infection was examined using the specific inhibitors 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. Although virus protein expression was largely unaffected by these drugs, we noted that the formation of virus particles was inhibited, and virus transmission was impaired, suggesting an important role for HSP90 in virus maturation. This study highlights the utility of proteomics in facilitating both our understanding of the role that cellular proteins play during RSV maturation and, by extrapolation, the identification of new potential targets for antiviral therapy.
Perioperative, Spatiotemporally Coordinated Activation of T and NK Cells Prevents Recurrence of Pancreatic Cancer (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal and disseminating cancer resistant to therapy, including checkpoint immunotherapies, and early tumor resection and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy fails to improve a poor prognosis. In a transgenic mouse model of resectable PDAC, we investigated the coordinated activation of T and natural killier (NK) cells in addition to gemcitabine chemotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. Only neoadjuvant, but not adjuvant treatment with a PD-1 antagonist effectively supported chemotherapy and suppressed local tumor recurrence and improved survival involving both NK and T cells. Local T-cell activation was confirmed by increased tumor infiltration with CD103<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and neoantigen-specific CD8 T lymphocytes against the marker neoepitope LAMA4-G1254V. To achieve effective prevention of distant metastases in a complementary approach, we blocked the NK-cell checkpoint CD96, an inhibitory NK-cell receptor that binds CD155, which was abundantly expressed in primary PDAC and metastases of human patients. In gemcitabine-treated mice, neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade followed by adjuvant inhibition of CD96 significantly prevented relapse of PDAC, allowing for long-term survival. In summary, our results show in an aggressively growing transgenic mouse model of PDAC that the coordinated activation of both innate and adaptive immunity can effectively reduce the risk of tumor recurrence after surgery, facilitating long-term remission of this lethal disease.<b>Significance:</b> Coordinated neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies reduce the risk of disease relapse after resection of murine PDAC, suggesting this concept for future clinical trials. <i>Cancer Res; 78(2); 475-88. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 3-Substituted Indolin-2-ones as Effective Neuroprotective Agents (2008)

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major health problem particularly among the elderly. Drugs to prevent or slow down the death of neurons are urgently needed but are currently unavailable. We previously reported that the c-Raf inhibitor, GW5074 {5-iodo-3-[(3',5'-dibromo-4'-hydroxyphenyl) methylene]-2-indolinone}, is protective in tissue culture and in vivo paradigms of neurodegeneration. However, at doses slightly higher than those at which it is protective, GW5074 displays toxicity when tested in neuronal cultures. We report herein the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of novel 3-substituted indolin-2-one compounds that are highly neuroprotective but lack the toxicity of GW5074. Of the 45 analogs tested in this study, compounds 7, 37, 39, and 45 were found to be the most potent neuroprotective and thus represent promising lead compounds for preclinical development for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
A THEORETICAL MEASURE OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE (1981)

The concept of the complexity of a sequence is used to develop a measure of cryptographic performance. The discussion is kept for the most part on an intuitive level for the sake of clarity.
technology watch - Elastosonography of thyroid lesions (2008)

Our study showed a possible anti-inflammatory effect of IL-22 in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by HDM.
Modulation of basal and squamous cell carcinoma by endogenous estrogen in mouse models of skin cancer (2008)

Patched1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1(+/-)) are useful for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) studies, being remarkably susceptible to BCC induction by ultraviolet or ionizing radiation. Analogously, skin carcinogenesis-susceptible (Car-S) mice are elective for studies of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) induction. We previously reported a striking effect of gender on BCC induction in Ptch1(+/-) mice, with total resistance of females; likewise, Car-S females show increased skin tumor resistance relative to males. Here, we investigated the protective role of endogenous estrogen in skin keratinocyte tumorigenesis. Control (CN) and ovariectomized Ptch1(+/-) or Car-S females were irradiated for BCC induction or topically treated with chemical carcinogens for SCC induction. Susceptibility to BCC or SCC was dramatically increased in ovariectomized Ptch1(+/-) and Car-S females and restored to levels observed in males. Remarkably, progression of initially benign papillomas to malignant SCC occurred only in ovariectomized Car-S females. We explored the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and report overexpression of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, downregulation of ERbeta and upregulation of cyclin D1 in papillomas from ovariectomized Car-S relative to papillomas from CN females. Thus, an imbalanced ERalpha/ERbeta expression may be associated with estrogen-mediated modulation of non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, with a key role played by cyclin D1. Our findings underscore a highly protective role of endogenous estrogen against skin tumorigenesis by diverse agents in two independent mouse models of skin cancer.
BTKbase, mutation database for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) (1997)

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene coding for Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK). A database (BTKbase) of BTK mutations has been compiled and the recent update lists 368 entries from 318 unrelated families showing 228 unique molecular events. In addition to mutations the database lists also some polymorphisms and site-directed mutations. Each patient is given a unique patient identity number (PIN). Information is provided regarding the phenotype including symptoms. Mutations in all the five domains of BTK have been noticed to cause the disease, the most common event being missense mutations. The mutations appear almost uniformly throughout the molecule and frequently affect CpG sites forming arginine residues. These hot spots have generally pyrimidines 5'and purines 3'to the mutated cytosine. A decreased frequency of missense mutations was found in the TH, SH3 and the upper lobe of the kinase domain. The putative structural implications of all the missense mutations are given in the database showing 228 unique molecular events, including a novel missense mutation causing an R28C substitution as previously seen in the Xid mouse.
KioskAR: An Augmented Reality Game as a New Business Model to Present Artworks (2016)

This paper presents the architecture of KioskAR, which is a pervasive game implemented using augmented reality (AR). This game introduces a new business model that makes it possible for players to present their artworks in virtual kiosks using augmented reality, while they are having fun playing the game. In addition to competition between the players in the game, this game requires social interaction between players to earn more points. A user study is conducted to evaluate the sense of presence and the usability of the application. The results of experiments show that KioskAR can achieve a high level of usability as well as sense of presence.
Methods of cell lysis and effect of detergents for the recovery of nitrile metabolizing enzyme from Amycolatopsis sp. IITR215 (2013)

Nitrile metabolizing enzymes are of great industrial interest for the selective bio-transformation of nitriles and surface modification of synthetic polymers under mild reaction conditions. In the present work, isolated strain Amycolatopsis sp. IITR215 was cultivated in the bench top bioreactor for the recovery of maximum biomass of whole cell catalyst. Effect of different lyoprotectants was studied on nitrile metabolizing enzyme from Amycolatopsis sp. IITR215 in which sorbitol proved to be an efficient lyoprotectant. In physical and mechanical methods, only 30% activity was recovered while 85% activity was achieved in the enzymatic method using 2 g/l lysozyme. Very less activity was recovered during stationary phase when cells were grown in mineral base media containing 1 g/l yeast. Therefore, recovery of intracellular enzymes was enhanced by using different concentrations of sodium cholate and deoxycholate.
Prevalence of dental erosion and the implications for oral health (1996)

The literature on dental erosion is made up of a number of areas, some of which are reviewed here: there are anecdotal case reports, linking a small number of clinical cases with a possible etiological factor. The second area of evidence concentrates on case control studies in which there is a strong association with dental erosion, for example, patients with bulimia. The final piece of epidemiological evidence is beginning to emerge as prevalence studies, but the information from prevalence data worldwide is scanty. It is difficult to compare prevalence studies because of the different indices used in the various studies and also because of the different teeth assessed in the sample. Standardization of indices used would overcome some of these differences as would the reporting of results in a comparable way. However, identifying the true prevalence of erosion per se is fraught with difficulty because there may be more than one etiological factor operating and attrition and or abrasion may complicate the picture, especially in older populations. Case reports frequently associate evidence of erosion with excessive use of particular drinks or foodstuffs so they must be viewed with caution. There is an increasing awareness, amongst the dental profession, of the potential for this particular form of tooth wear to occur. It is important that the dental team is vigilant and instigates preventive measures before tooth tissue loss becomes clinically significant. The importance of erosion in dental health promotion should not be overlooked.
Samarium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Amines to Electron-Deficient Alkenes (2007)

Amines undergo smooth nucleophilic addition to α,β-unsaturated compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of samarium(III) triflate at ambient temperature to produce the corresponding β-amino compounds in excellent yields. This method is simple, convenient, and works efficiently under mild conditions.
Lack of muscarinic regulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>channels in G<sub>i2</sub>α gene knockout mouse hearts (2001)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of G(i2)alpha in Ca(2+) channel regulation using G(i2)alpha gene knockout mouse ventricular myocytes. The whole cell voltage-clamp technique was used to study the effects of the muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCh) and the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Iso) on cardiac L-type Ca(2+) currents in both 129Sv wild-type (WT) and G(i2)alpha gene knockout (G(i2)alpha-/-) mice. Perfusion with CCh significantly inhibited the Ca(2+) current in WT cells, and this effect was reversed by adding atropine to the CCh-containing solution. In contrast, CCh did not affect Ca(2+) currents in G(i2)alpha-/- ventricular myocytes. Addition of CCh to Iso-containing solutions attenuated the Iso-stimulated Ca(2+) current in WT cardiomyocytes but not in G(i2)alpha-/- cells. These findings demonstrate that, whereas the Iso-G(s)alpha signal pathway is intact in G(i2)alpha gene knockout mouse hearts, these cells lack the inhibitory regulation of Ca(2+) channels by CCh. Therefore, G(i2)alpha is necessary for the muscarinic regulation of Ca(2+) channels in the mouse heart. Further studies are needed to delineate the possible interaction of G(i) and other cell signaling proteins and to clarify the level of interaction of G protein-coupled regulation of L-type Ca(2+) current in the heart.
A new convolutional map feature extraction for character recognition (2003)

This paper presents a novel feature extraction method for off-line recognition of segmented (isolated) handwritten characters. The feature extraction method is discussed in terms of invariance properties, speed and discriminative power with respect to the classification accuracy by benchmarking on a large and realistic handwritten character database. The NIST SD3 is used for training and the SD7 set comprising of 55000 digits is used for testing. The testing set is large so as to present a realistic view of the performance. Neural network classifier is used for aggregating the feature for classification decision making. Accuracy above 97% was achieved with no rejection. With a rejection of just 5% reliability performance can be boosted to 99%.
Silicon Nitride Coatings on Copper (1972)

Silicon nitride was deposited on copper substrates at room temperature by a reactive sputtering technique. The coatings, in the thickness range 500–1500Aå, were amorphous, transparent, and had glass‐like smoothness. They were tightly adherent to the substrate. Infrared analysis indicated the coatings were pure silicon nitride when precautions were taken to eliminate oxygen and water from the system. The coatings exhibited dielectric constants of 8–11 with a dissipation factor less than 10−2 at 1000 cycles/sec. The ductility approached 1% as measured on a copper substrate. The coatings reduced the charge passing across the metal/electrolyte interface when the coated samples were anodically treated in sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. The coatings provided good resistance to attack of the copper surface in ammonium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite; provided moderate protection in concentrated acids, mediocre protection in sodium thiosulfate and sodium sulfide solutions, and very little protection in concentrated nitric acid.
A genetic algorithm for multiple fault model test generation for combinational VLSI circuits (1997)

The authors present a genetic algorithm (GA) for the automatic generation of test vector-pairs for the detection of both delay and single stuck-at-fault models in combinational digital VLSI circuits. The GA proves effective in searching the highly complex problem space, which is significantly larger than that with single stuck-at-faults only. The paper describes the GA and results obtained for the ISCAS 1985 benchmark circuits. The initial concept of transitional test pattern generation using a basic GA was introduced by the authors previously.
<i>tert</i>-butoxides as precursors for atomic layer deposition of alkali metal containing thin films (2020)

Alkali metal containing materials have become increasingly attractive in a world hunting for sustainable energy materials and green functional devices. Lithium- and sodium battery technology, lead-free piezo- and ferroelectric devices, and record-breaking alkali doped tandem perovskite solar cells are among the applications where alkali metal-containing thin films get increasing attention. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is one of the enabling thin film deposition techniques that offer chemical and geometrical versatility to realize the implementation of such thin films on an applicable scale. The drawback has until recently been a lack of available precursor chemistry that offers self-limiting growth that is fundamental to ALD. The alkali metal tert-butoxides have been shown to exhibit the necessary properties to facilitate saturating growth for Li-, Na-, K-, and Rb-containing compounds. However, the behavior of the tert-butoxides in ALD-growth has been considered difficult to unravel, with processes exhibiting limited control and low reproducibility. Very little has been reported on trends in reaction mechanisms as the mass of the alkali metal increases. Herein, we summarize the existing literature on the use of alkali metal tert-butoxides as precursors in ALD. We consider differences in the structure and behavior of the tert-butoxides as the alkali metal cation becomes heavier. In addition, we present precursor synthesis routes and key information on precursor structure, stability, and mechanistic behavior. Finally, we provide the first ever report of Cs-containing films by ALD to complement previous work on its lighter counterparts.