gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE SYNTHESIS OF β-HYDROXY-β-METHYLGLUTARIC ACID IN RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF β-HYDROXY-β-METHYLGLUTARIC ACID IN RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES1Harry RudneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 9, 2595–2596Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01638a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01638a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Test Results of Concrete Thermal Energy Storage for Parabolic Trough Power Plants (2009)

Efficient energy storage is vital to the success of solar thermal power generation and industrial waste heat recovery. A sensible heat storage system using concrete as the storage material has been developed by the German building company Ed. Züblin AG and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). A major focus was the cost reduction in the heat exchanger and the high temperature concrete storage material. For live tests and further improvements, a 20 m3 solid media storage test module connected to an electrically heated thermal oil loop was built in Stuttgart. The design of the test module and the test results are described in this paper. By the end of November 2008, the second generation solid media storage test module had accumulated five months of operation in the temperature range between 300°C and 400°C and almost 100 thermal cycles with a temperature difference of 40 K. The tests will be continued in 2009.
Strange World of the Moon (1960)

If it were not for the subtitle " an enquiry into lunar physics " we might well doubt whether the Moon concerns readers of the Bulletin, or whether it might not be left to the non-scientific romantic. But the book is not just the conventional list of surface features and their imaginative names.
Die Reaktion von α,β‐Dihalogen‐propionitrilen mit monosubstituierten Hydrazinen ‐ einfache Synthese 1‐substituierter 3‐ bzw. 5‐Amino‐pyrazole (1979)

The Reaction of α,β‐Dihalogeno‐propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines — A Simple Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 3‐ or 5‐Amino‐pyrazoles In methanol hydrazines 3 , and α,β‐dihalogeno‐propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α‐halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A 1 ). Fast addition of alkyl‐ and aralkyl‐ hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1‐substituted 1‐(2′‐halogeno‐2′‐cyan‐ethyl)‐hydrazines 6 , the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1‐aryl‐2‐(2′‐halogeno‐2′‐cyan‐ethyl)‐hydrazines 8 . In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1‐alkyl‐ and 1‐aralkyl‐3‐amino‐pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1‐aryl‐4‐halogeno‐5‐imino‐pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1‐aryl‐5‐amino‐pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A 1 ), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1 H‐n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9 , using the significant 1 H‐n.m.r.‐parameter Δ . Simple general syntheses are described for 3‐amino‐pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5‐amino‐pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β‐dihalogeno‐propionitriles 1, 2 , and for α‐bromo‐acrylonitrile 5 .
Gurmarin inhibition of sweet taste responses in mice (1995)

The inhibitory effects of gurmarin (a peptide isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre) on sweet taste responses were studied by examining the chorda tympani nerve responses to various taste substances before and after lingual treatment with gurmarin in C57BL and BALB mice. Treatment with gurmarin at 3 micrograms/ml or more selectively suppressed responses to sucrose without affecting responses to NaCl, HCl, and quinine in C57BL mice, whereas gurmarin at 100 micrograms/ml did not significantly suppress sucrose responses in BALB mice. Responses to various sweet substances in C57BL mice decreased to approximately 45-75% of control after gurmarin, and the suppressive effect of gurmarin was reversible. The profile of the residual responses of C57BL mice to various sweeteners after gurmarin was almost identical to that of BALB mice, which was hardly affected by gurmarin. These results strongly suggest that there are at least two types of sweet taste receptors in mice, gurmarin-sensitive and -insensitive. Probably, C57BL and BALB mice share an identical gurmarin-insensitive receptor, and C57BL mice also have a gurmarin-sensitive receptor.
Stiquito: Advanced Experiments with a Simple and Inexpensive Robot (1997)

From the Publisher:
Stiquito: Advanced Experiments with a Simple and Inexpensive Robot begins with an introduction that describes the birth of Stiquito. The chapters that follow describe the building process, its modifications, and its increased load capacity. Other chapters examine designs for simple controllers to enhance the functionality of the robot while giving the robot intelligence and hardware designs for performing independent, intelligent operations. In addition, the book examines further research on the role of logic in a mobile robot's sensors, control, and locomotion; Stiquito's platform for Al; and simulation of a robot guided by vision. Stiquito concludes with a discussion of the future for nitinol-propelled walking robots.
Role of N-Linked Glycans on Bunyamwera Virus Glycoproteins in Intracellular Trafficking, Protein Folding, and Virus Infectivity (2005)

The membrane glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) of Bunyamwera virus (BUN, family Bunyaviridae) contain three potential sites for the attachment of N-linked glycans: one site (N60) on Gn and two (N624 and N1169) on Gc. We determined that all three sites are glycosylated. Digestion of the glycoproteins with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) or peptide:N-glycosidase F revealed that Gn and Gc differ significantly in their glycan status and that late in infection Gc glycans remain endo H sensitive. The roles of the N-glycans in intracellular trafficking of the glycoproteins to the Golgi, protein folding, and virus replication were investigated by mutational analysis and confocal immunofluorescence. Elimination of the glycan on Gn, by changing N60 to a Q residue, resulted in the protein misfolding and failure of both Gn and Gc proteins to traffic to the Golgi complex. We were unable to rescue a viable virus by reverse genetics from a cDNA containing the N60Q mutation. In contrast, mutant Gc proteins lacking glycans on either N624 or N1169, or both sites, were able to target to the Golgi. Gc proteins containing mutations N624Q and N1169Q acquired endo H resistance. Three viable N glycosylation-site-deficient viruses, lacking glycans on one site or both sites on Gc, were created by reverse genetics. The viability of these recombinant viruses and analysis of growth kinetics indicates that the glycans on Gc are not essential for BUN replication, but they do contribute to the efficiency of virus infection.
High efficiency autotrack feed (2003)

A high efficiency autotrack feed series that uses a tracking mode coupler to generate track error signals has been developed. The mode coupler allows the use of a corrugated feed horn in doubly shaped or Cassegrain geometries to achieve extremely high overall antenna efficiencies. The extremely low loss in the mode coupler allows the incorporation of the autotrack function in an antenna system without degradation of the overall G/T or EIRP (effective isotropically radiated power). Another feature of this feed is the very low crosstalk performance, that is the cross coupling of track error signal from azimuth to elevation. Feeds of this type have been designed and built at both S- and C-band frequencies, and an X-band version is currently being designed. Other components, such as filters, amplifiers, and downconverters, have also been integrated into the feed assembly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experience in the study of a live vaccine made from the TP-21 strain of Malayan Langat virus. (1968)

The reaction-causing properties and immunogenicity of 2 cloned variants of the Malayan tick virus, Langat TP-21 strain, were studied. One clone, which was not pathogenic for rhesus monkeys when inoculated intracerebrally, caused the formation of antibody in moderate titre against tick-borne encephalitis virus in over 70% of persons given 2 inoculations of a live vaccine prepared from it. The other variant, which was pathogenic for rhesus monkeys, was characterized by greater immunogenicity but when given as a live vaccine caused acutely febrile reactions and other side-effects in 10% of inoculated persons 6 to 8 days after administration.In persons vaccinated with the avirulent vaccine, the antibodies were maintained for over 3 years compared with only 1 year after administration of a killed vaccine. The live vaccine made from the non-pathogenic clone of the Langat virus proved to be suitable for revaccinating patients inoculated with the killed vaccine. The vaccine prepared from the non-pathogenic clone could be more extensively employed for the prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis.
Free radical-scavenging activity and flavonoid contents of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem, and seed extracts (2009)

The present study was designed to explore the total flavonoid and taxifolin contents and the radical-scavenging activity of 50% ethanol extracts of Polygonum orientale leaves, stems, and seeds by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extract with higher total flavonoid content has higher radical scavenging activity. Taxifolin (IC50 = 2.83 ?mol/L) has antioxidant activity stronger than that of rutin (IC50 = 3.08 ?mol/L). The free radical-scavenging potentials of chloroform, ethyl acetate, water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of Polygonum orientale seeds were also investigated. The free radical-scavenging abilities of various extracts were determined as: methanol > ethanol > water > ethyl acetate > chloroform. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS181226060E">10.2298/ABS181226060E</a><u></b></font>
The effect of some chlorhexidine‐containing mouthrinses on salivary bacterial counts. (1991)

A number of chlorhexidine mouthwashes are available commercially which differ in formulation and regimen of use. As a comparative measure of antimicrobial persistence, this study evaluated the effect of 4 chlorhexidine mouthwash formulations on salivary bacterial counts after a single rinse. The study was a randomised single-examiner blind 5-way crossover investigation employing a panel of 10 young healthy human volunteers. The 0.12% and 0.2% commercial formulations when rinsed according to the respective manufacturers instructions produced similar large and prolonged reductions in salivary bacterial counts during the 7-h period. A 0.1% formulation also commercially available produced minimal effects on salivary bacterial counts and was little different to the saline rinse. A reformulated 0.1% rinse, not commercially available at the time of the study, produced significant salivary bacterial count reductions over the 7-h period albeit to a lesser degree of magnitude than to the 0.2% and 0.12% rinses. The results were consistent with comparative plaque inhibitory studies of the formulations and suggest that the method is a quick and simple way of screening products for antimicrobial and antiplaque potential.
Assessment of molybdenum toxicity in humans (1999)

In an attempt to define a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for molybdenum based on a toxicological risk analysis approach, a large literature survey was conducted. In man, absorption of molybdenum after oral intake is in the range of 28-77% and urinary excretion is 17-80% of the total dose. A low order of toxicity of molybdenum compounds has been observed in humans. However, with the available data, it is not possible to calculate any dose-response or dose-effect relationships. Because molybdenum toxicity is associated with copper intake or depleted copper stores in the body, humans who have an inadequate intake of dietary copper or some dysfunction in their copper metabolism that makes them copper-deficient could be at greater risk of molybdenum toxicity. In the absence of relevant human studies, animal studies were evaluated for the derivation of the TDI. Effects of Mo on reproduction and foetal development were found to be critical effects observed in rats and mice. A dose-response relationship was observed in a study by Fungwe et al., with a 'no observed adverse effect' level (NOAEL) and a 'lowest observed adverse effect' level (LOAEL) of 0.9 and 1.6 mg Mo kg(-1) day(-1), respectively. Applying uncertainty factors of 10 for intraspecies and 10 for interspecies differences to the NOAEL, a TDI of 0.009 mg Mo kg(-1) day(-1) was calculated. The TDI is given a medium confidence rating. This TDI is more than double the upper limit of adequate intake for adolescents and adults that was derived from the Mo content of the average diet in the USA.
C-Terminal Truncation of Cardiac Troponin I Causes Divergent Effects on ATPase and Force (2003)

Myocardial stunning is a form of reversible myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with systolic and diastolic contractile dysfunction. In the isolated rat heart model, myocardial stunning is characterized by specific C-terminal proteolysis of the myofilament protein, troponin I (cTnI) that yields cTnI1-193. To determine the effect of this particular C-terminal truncation of cTnI, without the confounding factor of other stunning-induced protein modifications, a series of solution biochemical assays has been undertaken using the human homologue of mouse/rat cTnI1-193, cTnI1-192. Affinity chromatography and actin sedimentation experiments detected little, or no, difference between the binding of cTnI (cTnI1-209) and cTnI1-192 to actin-tropomyosin, troponin T, or troponin C. Both cTnI and cTnI1-192 inhibit the actin-tropomyosin-activated ATPase activity of myosin subfragment 1 (S1), and this inhibition is released by troponin C in the presence of Ca2+. However, cTnI1-192, when reconstituted as part of the troponin complex (cTn1-192), caused a 54+/-11% increase in the maximum Ca2+-activated actin-tropomyosin-S1 ATPase activity, compared with troponin reconstituted with cTnI (cTn). Furthermore, cTn1-192 increased Ca2+ sensitivity of both the actin-tropomyosin-activated S1 ATPase activity and the Ca2+-dependent sliding velocity of reconstituted thin filaments, in an in vitro motility assay, compared with cTn. In an in vitro force assay, the actin-tropomyosin filaments bearing cTn1-192 developed only 76+/-4% (P<0.001) of the force obtained with filaments composed of reconstituted cTn. We suggest that cTnI proteolysis may contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial stunning by altering the Ca2+-sensing and chemomechanical properties of the myofilaments.
Regulation of human tonsillar T-cell proliferation by the active metabolite of vitamin D3. (1986)

We have examined the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on T-cell populations isolated by buoyant density and E rosetting from human tonsils. Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 125iododeoxyuridine; interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was measured using an IL-2-dependent cell line, and the number of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors was measured by whole-cell nuclear association assay. At a concentration of 10(-7) M, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation in all E+ T-cell populations. This effect was more pronounced in the cells from the intermediate and high density layers and was reflected both in cell proliferative responses and in relative IL-2 synthesis. By adding the 1,25(OH)2D3 during the course of the mitogen assay, we demonstrated that activation of the T cell precedes the 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated inhibition. Cells that had been preincubated with mitogen in the presence of the 1,25(OH)2D3 were refractory to further stimulation by mitogens. Receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 could not be detected in unstimulated T cells. However, activation led to the expression of high-affinity receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3. Co-incubation of the cells with mitogen and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the number of receptors compared with mitogen alone. The effects provide further evidence for the hypothesis that 1,25(OH)2D3 is an important potential modulator of the immune system through its action on T cells. Taking our observations in conjunction with the known capacity of monocytes to hydroxylate the precursor metabolite (and thus synthesize the active form of cholecalciferol), the results support the suggestion that 1,25(OH)2D3 plays a role as a local mediator of mononuclear phagocyte-T cell interaction in human lymphomedullary tissues.
Pre-emptive and therapeutic adoptive immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Phenotype and effector function of T cells impact on clinical response (2017)

Adoptive T cell therapy has emerged as a powerful strategy to treat human cancers especially haematological malignancies. Extension of these therapies to solid cancers remains a significant challenge especially in the context of defining immunological correlates of clinical responses. Here we describe results from a clinical study investigating autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T cells generated using a novel AdE1-LMPpoly vector to treat patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) either pre-emptively in at-risk patients with no or minimal residual disease (N/MRD) or therapeutically in patients with active recurrent/metastatic disease (ARMD). Tolerability, safety and efficacy, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were evaluated following adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. Twenty-nine patients, including 20 with ARMD and nine with N/MRD, successfully completed T-cell therapy. After a median follow-up of 18.5 months, the median PFS was 5.5 months (95% CI 2.1 to 9.0 months) and the median OS was 38.1 months (95% CI 17.2 months to not reached). Post-immunotherapy analyses revealed that disease stabilization in ARMD patients was significantly associated with the functional and phenotypic composition of <i>in vitro</i>-expanded T cell immunotherapy. These included a higher proportion of effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells and an increased number of EBV-specific T-cells with broader antigen specificity. These observations indicate that adoptive immunotherapy with AdE1-LMPpoly-expanded T cells stabilizes relapsed, refractory NPC without significant toxicity. Promising clinical outcomes in N/MRD patients further suggest a potential role for this approach as a consolidation treatment following first-line chemotherapy.
ACI-DAfStb Databases for Shear Tests on Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams with Stirrups (2014)

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Penetration of an antimicrobial zinc-sugar alcohol complex into Streptococcus mutans biofilms (2018)

Mature biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which inhibit the penetration of external molecules. In this study, we developed a coordination compound consisting of zinc chloride and erythritol that exhibits penetrating and bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. An in vitro biofilm model was established in microplates, and bactericidal activity against biofilms was evaluated using an Alamar blue assay. The cause of the antimicrobial activity of the zinc-erythritol mixture on mature biofilms was demonstrated using fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrated that zinc chloride spontaneously formed cationic complexes with erythritol in water. The zinc-erythritol complexes reduced intra- and inter-molecular interactions between bacterial exopolysaccharides, a major component of EPS. This activity was confirmed by measuring the attenuation of the hardness of dried polysaccharides isolated from S. mutans biofilms. The reduction in the interactions between polysaccharides allowed the complexes to penetrate into biofilms and kill the embedded bacteria. While approximately 13% of biofilm-associated microbes were killed by a 10 min treatment with 6.6 mM zinc chloride, 45% were killed when a solution containing 19.8 mM erythritol and 6.6 mM zinc chloride was used. This strategy of leveraging the coordination properties of metal ions with sugar alcohols provides a simple way to effectively remove mature biofilms using only conventional substances without the need for intricate chemical synthesis processes.
Electroless Bumped Bare Dice on Flexible Substrates (1996)

Modern semiconductor technologies have advanced to the level of sophistication where the benefits of the high functional and power density, high speed, low defect rate and low wafer processing cost can seldom be fully utilised at the final equipment or even at the single packaged semiconductor component level due to the limitations of wire bonds and lead frame fan‐outs. This paper suggests a new assembly method where low‐cost contact bumps are deposited on semiconductor wafers and then the dice are reflow soldered or gang bonded to the substrate. The bumps are electroless nickel deposited and coated with a protective layer of gold. As the nickel bumps are non‐collapsible, they are better suited to Extra High Density Interconnections (EHDI) than the more usual solder bumps. The amount of solder must be accurately dispensed either on the die bumps or on the substrate bonding pads using various methods. Essential to the high volume assembly is fast pick‐and‐place operation and simultaneous soldering of all components in a reflow furnace. In certain applications bonding of the bumped device (one die at a time) can be done using reflow or thermocompression gang bonding by applying a heated thermode to the backside of the die. In this case, the bonding energy will be transferred through the die to the bumps. Tentative solder joint strength and reliability aspects are discussed. Further process and design improvements are suggested.