gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Development of a low-cost computed tomography image processing system</title> (1991)

In order to develop a computed tomography (CT) scanner that is substantially lower in cost than those currently available it was necessary to create an image processor that could meet the high CT data processing requirements while being compact and inexpensive. We designed and developed an image processing card that operates on the AT bus of a PC-compatible microcomputer. This card uses the Intel i860 RISC processor and custom hardware to allow simultaneous data collection correction and reconstruction. The design uses an architecture that allows separate image processors to work individually and in parallel so that additional processors can be added to speed up image reconstruction with no reprogramming. A single processor can reconstruct a 512 x 512 x 12-bit CT image in about 15 seconds a fully configured system can reduce the processing time to under 2 seconds. This processor is easily athptable to future CT data collection applications. 1.
A unified approach to temporal segmentation of motion JPEG and MPEG compressed video (2002)

A common framework for rapid scene analysis for detecting scene changes in compressed motion JPEG and MPEG videos is proposed. We develop algorithms to detect both abrupt and gradual scene changes. The algorithms operate directly on the DC sequence which can be easily extracted from motion JPEG and MPEG compressed video without decompression. The DC images capture most of the essential "global" information, but is of a small fraction of the original data size. Operating on these images offers significant computation savings. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are fast and effective in detecting abrupt scene changes and gradual transitions.
Implementation and performance of a parallel file system for high performance distributed applications (1996)

Dedicated cluster parallel computers (DCPCs) are emerging as low-cost high performance environments for many important applications in science and engineering. A significant class of applications that perform well on a DCPC are coarse-grain applications that involve large amounts of file I/O. Current research in parallel file systems for distributed systems is providing a mechanism for adapting these applications to the DCPC environment. We present the Parallel Virtual File System (PVFS), a system that provides disk striping across multiple nodes in a distributed parallel computer and file partitioning among tasks in a parallel program. PVFS is unique among similar systems in that it uses a stream-based approach that represents each file access with a single set of request parameters and decouples the number of network messages from details of the file striping and partitioning. PVFS also provides support for efficient collective file accesses and allows overlapping file partitions. We present results of early performance experiments that show PVFS achieves excellent speedups in accessing moderately sized file segments.
Artificial intelligence: concepts and applications in engineering (1991)

These original contributions provide a unique opportunity for researchers and computing professionals, engineers, and managers to explore both the principles underlying basic AI research and their application in practice.The first part of the book describes work in five areas of AI research that is currently at the stage where it can be implemented in practical programs. These areas include blackboard architectures and systems, learning algorithms and strategies, neural networks, adaptive learning using pattern recognition, and signal processing.The second part describes six systems, designed for a wide variety of applications, that are now either in operation or at an advanced stage of development; intelligent techniques for spectral estimation, expert systems applied to antenatal assessment of fetal well-being, AI in the processing of underwater acoustic data, automatic speech recognition using neural networks, fault diagnosis of microwave digital radio, and waveguide filter alignment using adaptive learning techniques.A. R. Mirzai is a Research Fellow in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Edinburgh. Intelligence: Concepts and Applications is included in the Artificial Intelligence series, edited by Michael Brady, Daniel Bobrow, and Randall Davis.
Uncooled Fabry-Perot lasers for QPSK transmission (1995)

We investigate the use of uncooled lasers in an optical fiber transmission system employing quadrature-phase-shift keyed (QPSK) signals on subcarriers. The BER of a 2 Mb/s QPSK channel is measured in a system containing 60 subcarriers. Error-free performance (BER <10/sup -9/) is achieved over a wide range of modulation depths. This demonstrates that these inexpensive lasers can be used in multi-channel digital systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robot programming by human demonstration: the use of human variation in identifying obstacle free trajectories (2002)

Programming by human demonstration is an intuitive method of robot programming, in which the programmer demonstrates how a task is performed using a human/robot teaching device that measures human motion, and the data gathered is used to generate the robot program. A direct duplication of the demonstrated trajectory would result in unnecessary robot motion due to human "wiggles" and unintended motion. To identify a more satisfactory robot trajectory, a method is presented that uses multiple demonstrations of the same task. Variation in human trajectories between trials is attributed to human inconsistency and is used to define an obstacle free region, by applying the Jordan curve theorem. The shortest path within the obstacle free region is determined, resulting in a shorter robot path than any of the demonstrations. Thus the presence of human inconsistency is used to improve robot performance. The analysis is restricted to planar translational motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All Three Subunits of Soybean β-Conglycinin Are Potential Food Allergens (2009)

Soybeans are recognized as one of the "big 8" food allergens. IgE antibodies from soybean-sensitive patients recognize more than 15 soybean proteins. Among these proteins only the alpha-subunit of beta-conglycinin, but not the highly homologous alpha'- and beta-subunits, has been shown to be a major allergenic protein. The objective of this study was to examine if the alpha'- and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin can also serve as potential allergens. Immunoblot analysis using sera collected from soybean-allergic patients revealed the presence of IgE antibodies that recognized several soy proteins including 72, 70, 52, 34, and 21 kDa proteins. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis of trypsin-digested 72, 70, and 52 kDa proteins indicated that these proteins were the alpha'-, alpha-, and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin, respectively. Additionally, purified alpha'-, alpha-, and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin were recognized by IgE antibodies present in the soybean-allergic patients. The IgE reactivity to the beta-subunit of beta-conglycinin was not abolished when this glycoprotein was either deglycosylated using glycosidases or expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli . The results suggest that in addition to the previously recognized alpha-subunit of beta-conglycinin, the alpha'- and beta-subunits of beta-conglycinin also are potential food allergens.
Breathing 100% oxygen after global brain ischemia in Mongolian Gerbils results in increased lipid peroxidation and increased mortality. (1987)

Exposure of Mongolian gerbils to a 100% oxygen atmosphere after 15 minutes of global brain ischemia resulted in a marked increase in the production of pentane, an in vivo product of lipid peroxidation. Much less pentane production occurred in animals subjected to global brain ischemia then exposed to an air atmosphere and in animals exposed to a 100% oxygen atmosphere without ischemia. Gerbils placed in 100% oxygen for 3-6 hours after 15 minutes of ischemia also had a threefold increase in 14-day mortality compared with gerbils subjected to ischemia and then placed in an air atmosphere. These findings raise a serious question about the use of oxygen-enriched atmospheres during reperfusion following ischemia.
Effects of cicaprost and fosinopril on the progression of rat diabetic nephropathy (1997)

We have studied the effects of chronic therapy with cicaprost (a PGI2 analog), fosinopril (a converting enzyme inhibitor), and the combination of both drugs on the progression of experimental diabetic nephropathy. Uninephrectomized streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were maintained for 8 months with plasma glucose between 13.7 and 22.0 mmol/L to hasten renal damage. Systemic and renal parameters were measured periodically, and at sacrifice structural and morphometrical renal studies were performed to evaluate diabetic injury. Control rats exhibited characteristic features of this model, such as high blood pressure and plasma creatinine and urinary albumin excretion, together with prominent alterations in the kidney (renal and glomerular hypertrophies, mesangial matrix expansion, and tubular alterations). The three therapies attenuated equivalently the progression of diabetic renal injury, as estimated by lower urinary albumin excretion, renal and glomerular hypertrophies, and a better renal architectural preservation. No synergistic action was appreciated with the combined therapy. However, renal preservation achieved with cicaprost was not linked to reductions in systemic blood pressure, whereas in the groups treated with fosinopril the hypotensive effect of this drug could have contributed to the positive outcome of the therapy. Therefore, nephroprotection exerted by this PGI2 analog in this model seems more related to the derangement of renal local mechanisms than to systemic blood pressure control. Finally, the possibility that an impaired prostacyclin synthesis or bioavailability is involved in the pathogenesis of the diabetic nephropathy in this model underlies our results.
Refinement of an Orthotopic Lung Cancer Model in the Nude Rat (2001)

Over 85% of people with lung cancer eventually succumb to this disease, largely because current chemotherapies are ineffective. The testing and validation of promising new approaches generally rely on achieving responses with cell lines in vitro or in tumor xenografts in nude mice. However, quite often the results seen with these models are not recapitulated in the clinic, thus necessitating the need for better animal models of lung cancer for preclinical testing of new therapies. One promising model is that of orthotopic lung cancer, where xenografts of human lung cancer are established in lungs of immunodeficient rodents. The problems associated with this model include poor rates of engraftment, limited tumor multiplicity, and a heightened risk for surgical trauma. The purpose of our study was to develop an efficient approach to engraftment of orthotopic tumors throughout the lungs of the Rowett nude rat. Initially, we augmented immunosuppression in the rats with whole-body X-irradiation and then used orotracheal cannulas to intratracheally instill human cancer cells from the Calu-6 cell line. This protocol produced a low rate of engraftment and low tumor multiplicity. The hypothesis that slight disruption of the pulmonary epithelium or the surfactant layer would allow better tumor engraftment was tested by coadministration of either pancreatic elastase or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) along with the cell instillations. Lung tumor engraftment was evaluated 8 weeks after instillation. The inclusion of elastase or EDTA with the Calu-6 cells resulted in an 80-100% engraftment rate, respectively. Coadministration of EDTA resulted in significantly larger and greater numbers of tumors/lung than those in elastase-treated animals. Temporal studies demonstrated that small nodules were scattered throughout the lung parenchyma 5 weeks after instilling Calu-6 cells and EDTA. These nodules grew to coalesce and form large masses that effaced >75% of the parenchyma at 9 weeks postinstillation. The refinements made through our studies have led to the development of an orthotopic lung cancer model that should facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies designed to treat or impede lung cancer development.
Development of an ultrasound-sensitive antimicrobial platform for reducing infection after spinal stabilization surgery (2014)

Infection arises in 8.5% of primary and 12% of secondary spinal fusion surgeries. Because many of these infections are marked by the formation of biofilms, which are difficult to treat with systemic antibiotics, treatment options are often limited to revision surgery. In order to prevent infection, we are developing antibiotic-loaded vessels for localized ultrasound mediated drug delivery. Macro-porous PEEK pucks were loaded with methylene blue (MeB) and coated in poly(lactic acid). In vitro samples were submerged in 200 ml of saline solution and ultrasound was applied for 30 minutes (5 MHz, 3 MPa). Surrounding media was sampled over 8 days and the concentration of MeB measured via spectrophotometry. The release from sonicated samples was compared to unsonicated controls. In parallel, a single-reservoir ABS clip design was also loaded with a combination of VAN and MeB and coated with either one or two layers of PLA. Release was observed while samples were submerged in 200 ml of saline solution. No immediate release of MeB was observed after suspension of the loaded porous PEEK pucks, demonstrating complete coating. Solutions from the non-insonated control group showed a 26 % increase in MeB concentration 2 days after suspension, and then remained stable. Solution from the insonated (experimental group) showed a 757 % increase in MeB concentration relative to baseline levels over an 8-day period. Finally, porous PEEK vessels loaded with vancomycin (VAN), were implanted in a cadaverous bunny to test their efficacy in situ. Two sites were inoculated with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> CFU S. aureus and another two sites were wrapped in plastic to capture released drug. Surgical sites in the cadaverous rabbit showed a 10x reduction in the concentration of bacteria, while sites wrapped in plastic caught 50% of the released drug. ABS clip prototype single-coated samples showed immediate leakage and complete release of drug after 48 hours. Double-coated samples completely retained drug after 48 hours. Thus, feasibility of an ultrasound mediated drug delivery system was demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo.
Multiple-species model for electrokinetic instability (2005)

In this paper we present a multiple-species electrokinetic instability (MSEKI) model. We consider a high aspect ratio flow geometry, a base state where the conductivity gradient is orthogonal to the applied electric field (i.e., a spanwise gradient configuration), and a four-species chemistry model. A linear stability analysis (LSA) of the depth-averaged governing equations is shown to have unstable eigenmodes for conductivity ratios as close to unity as 1.01. We present the experimental image data and full nonlinear simulations of the governing equations for a conductivity ratio of 1.05. Images of the disturbance dye field from the nonlinear simulations show good qualitative agreement with the experiment. Both the trend and absolute value of the temporal evolution of the critical wave number are captured by the MSEKI model. Growth rates extracted from the experimental data also compare favorably with those predicted by LSA. Species electromigration is shown to have a significant influence on the development of the conductivity field and instability dynamics in multi-ion configurations. We anticipate this model to be of practical interest to researchers developing electrokinetically driven, chip-based bioanalytical devices.
High oxide ion conductivity in layer-structured Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>-based ferroelectric ceramics (2019)

B<sub>0.97</sub>T<sub>0.73</sub>Mg<sub>0.02</sub>shows high oxide ion conductivity, which is comparable to that of other leading solid oxide electrolyte materials.
Spread of Adenovirus to Geographically Dispersed Military Installations, May–October 2007 (2010)

In mid-May 2007, a respiratory disease outbreak associated with adenovirus, serotype B14 (Ad14), was recognized at a large military basic training facility in Texas. The affected population was highly mobile; after the 6-week basic training course, trainees immediately dispersed to advanced training sites worldwide. Accordingly, enhanced surveillance and control efforts were instituted at sites receiving the most trainees. Specimens from patients with pneumonia or febrile respiratory illness were tested for respiratory pathogens by using cultures and reverse transcription-PCR. During May through October 2007, a total of 959 specimens were collected from 21 sites; 43.1% were adenovirus positive; the Ad14 serotype accounted for 95.3% of adenovirus isolates. Ad14 was identified at 8 sites in California, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, and South Korea. Ad14 spread readily to secondary sites after the initial outbreak. Military and civilian planners must consider how best to control the spread of infectious respiratory diseases in highly mobile populations traveling between diverse geographic locations.
High response and selectivity of a Cu–ZnO nanowire nanogenerator as a self-powered/active H<sub>2</sub>S sensor (2014)

Room-temperature self-powered H2S sensing with high response and selectivity has been realized from a Cu-ZnO nanowire nanogenerator. Upon exposure to 1000 ppm H2S at room temperature, the piezoelectric output voltage of the device (5 at% Cu-ZnO) under compressive force decreases from 0.552 (in dry air) to 0.049 V, and the response is up to 1045, over 8 times larger than that of undoped ZnO nanowires. The selectivity against H2S is also very high at room temperature. The enhanced room-temperature H2S sensing performance can be attributed to the coupling of the piezoelectric screening effect of ZnO nanowires and the synergistic effect of the Cu dopant. This study should stimulate research into designing a new gas sensor for detecting toxic gases at room temperature.
Determination of source parameters by wavefield extrapolation (1982)

The extrapolation of an observed (seismogram) wavefield backward in time produces an image, in both time and space, of the source. This concept is implemented through a finite difference solution of the two-dimensional acoustic wave equation. The seismograms themselves are used as time-dependent boundary values that drive the finite difference mesh, Numerical examples illustrate the determination of hypocentre location and origin time for point sources and of source extent, orientation and rupture velocity for finite sources in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Spatial resolution of source parameters is typically one-half wavelength of the dominant frequency generated by the source.
Analysis of vocal tremor by means of a complex wavelet transform (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Quality factor enhancement in lamb wave resonators utilizing AlN plates with convex edges (2011)

A novel Lamb wave resonator utilizing an aluminum nitride (AlN) plate with convex edges to enhance the quality factor (Q) is demonstrated for the first time. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results show that the mechanical energy can be more efficiently confined in the center of the AlN Lamb wave resonator by using the convex edges instead of the flat edges. Specifically, the measured frequency response for a 491.8-MHz AlN Lamb wave resonator with convex edges yields a Q of 3,280 which represents a 2.6× enhancement in Q over a 517.9-MHz AlN Lamb wave resonator with flat edges. Moreover, a 419.3-MHz Lamb wave resonator on an AlN/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> composite plate with convex edges yields a Q of 4,792, representing a 3.8× increase in Q.
Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease Links Formation of Stress Granules and Processing Bodies with mRNA Catabolism in Arabidopsis (2015)

Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease (TSN or Tudor-SN; also known as SND1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in animals. Although TSN was found to be indispensable for normal plant development and stress tolerance, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana TSN is essential for the integrity and function of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes called stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), sites of posttranscriptional gene regulation during stress. TSN associates with SGs following their microtubule-dependent assembly and plays a scaffolding role in both SGs and PBs. The enzymatically active tandem repeat of four SN domains is crucial for targeting TSN to the cytoplasmic mRNA complexes and is sufficient for the cytoprotective function of TSN during stress. Furthermore, our work connects the cytoprotective function of TSN with its positive role in stress-induced mRNA decapping. While stress led to a pronounced increase in the accumulation of uncapped mRNAs in wild-type plants, this increase was abrogated in TSN knockout plants. Taken together, our results establish TSN as a key enzymatic component of the catabolic machinery responsible for the processing of mRNAs in the cytoplasmic mRNP complexes during stress.
Optimization of (Phenylmethylidene)‐hydantoins as Prostate Cancer Migration Inhibitors: SAR‐Directed Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacophore Modeling (2011)

Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer forms among males of Western countries. Natural products proved to be an unparalleled source of molecular diversity. The 4‐(hydroxyphenylmethylidene)hydantoin (PMH; 1 ), (5 Z )‐5‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione, was isolated from the Red Sea sponge Hemimycale arabica , and recently showed junctional complexes stabilization, anti‐invasive, and antimetastatic activities in vitro and in vivo. The related synthetic analogue, (5 Z )‐5‐[4‐(ethylsulfanyl)benzylidene]imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione ( 2 ), showed several‐fold‐improved in vivo antimetastatic properties against the highly invasive prostate cancer. To further optimize the activity of PMHs, various ligand‐based strategies were used including the extension of the structure, structural simplification, linker extension, and computer‐assisted CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) results. These strategies yielded thirty 2nd‐generation PMHs, designed based on the 1st‐generation PMHs, such as 1 and 2 . Wound‐healing assay was selected to evaluate the in vitro anti‐migratory potential of these new PMHs against the PC‐3 cell line. Several active PMHs, including 10, 13, 24, 29 , with nearly twelvefold enhancement of activity vs. 2 , were identified. Active compounds were then used to build a pharmacophore model using the SYBYL's DIStance COmparison technique (DISCOtech). Active PMHs were also screened for fragment‐based drug likeness using the OSIRIS program, and an overall drug score was also calculated. Interestingly, the overall drug scores of 24 and 29 along with their anti‐migratory activity were significantly greater than those of 1 and 2 . In conclusion, PMHs can be the appropriate scaffolds for the urgently needed drug candidates for the control of androgen independent prostate cancer.