gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccinia virus replication requires active participation of the host cell transcriptional apparatus. (1979)

The ability of vaccinia virus to replicate in BSC-40 monkey cells whose nuclei have been functionally inactivated was examined. Exposure of cell monolayers to ultraviolet radiation at doses that did not alter the cells' capacity to support a subsequent infection by a cytoplasmic virus (vesicular stomatitis virus) caused a reduction to less than 10% in the observed yield of infectious progeny from vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus (type 1) infections. Similarly, replication of vaccinia virus was reduced to 5% by treatment of BCS-40 cells with alpha-amanitin (10 microgram/ml), a potent inhibitor of nuclear mRNA synthesis. In both situations, ultraviolet irradiation and alpha-amanitin treatment, early and late vaccinia viral genes were expressed at high levels, but the newly synthesized virion components were not assembled into mature infectious particles. Taken together, these data suggest that the active involvement of the host cell nuclear transcriptive system is obligatory in the vaccinia virus replicative cycle.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of Ag<sub>9</sub>FeS<sub>4.1</sub>Te<sub>1.9</sub>, the First Example of an Iron Containing Argyrodite (2013)

Ag9FeS4.1Te1.9 was prepared by solid state synthesis from stoichiometric amounts of the elements at 873 K. The compound forms gray crystals which are stable against air and moisture. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction from selected single crystals. Ag9FeS4.1Te1.9 crystallizes in the space group F4̅3m, a = 11.0415(7) Å, V = 1346.1(1) Å3, and Z = 4 (powder data at 293 K). The compound shows a reversible phase transition upon cooling to the space group P213, a = 11.0213(1) Å, V = 1338.75(2) Å3, and Z = 4 (single crystal data at 200 K). The title compound is the first example of an iron containing argyrodite-type material with Fe3+ located in tetrahedral sites. Silver atoms are disordered at room temperature which was taken into account by nonharmonic refinement of the silver positions. The refinement converged to R1 = 3.51% and wR2 = 10.66% for the room temperature measurement and to R1 = 1.55% and wR2= 5.23% for the 200 K data set (all data). Impedance measurements were performed in the temperature range from 323 to 473 K. Ionic conductivity values are 1.81 × 10–2 S cm–1 at 323 K and 1.41 × 10–1 S cm–1 at 468 K. The activation energy is 0.19 eV from 323 to 423 K and 0.06 eV from 393 to 473 K. DTA measurements reveal congruent melting at 907 K. A phase transition temperature of 232 K with an enthalpy of 7.9 kJ/mol was determined by DSC measurements. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra show one signal at 298 K and a doublet at 78 K, indicating Fe3+ and structural distortions upon cooling the samples. Hyperfine field splitting of iron is observed at 5 K. Measurements of the molar susceptibility revealed that the compound is paramagnetic down to a Néel temperature of TN = 22.1(5) K. Antiferromagnetic ordering is observed at lower temperatures.
Metformin reverses multidrug resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402/5-fluorouracil cells (2014)

Metformin exhibits anti‑proliferative effects in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated the ability of metformin to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel‑7402/5‑fluorouracil (5‑Fu; Bel/Fu) cells. The synergistic anti‑proliferative effect of metformin combined with 5‑Fu was evaluated using a Cell Counting kit‑8 assay. The variation in apoptotic rates and cell cycle distribution were evaluated using a flow cytometric assay and variations in target gene and protein expression were monitored using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that metformin had a synergistic anti‑proliferative effect with 5‑Fu in the Bel/Fu cells. The variations in the number of apoptotic cells and distribution of the cell cycle were consistent with the variability in cell viability. Metformin targeted the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, suppressed the expression of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) and transcriptionally downregulated the expression of multidrug resistance protein 1/P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) and multidrug resistance‑associated protein 1 (MRP1). Collectively, these findings suggested that metformin may target the AMPK/mTOR/HIF‑1α/P‑gp and MRP1 pathways to reverse MDR in hepatocellular carcinoma.
3D Guided Fine-Grained Face Manipulation (2019)

We present a method for fine-grained face manipulation. Given a face image with an arbitrary expression, our method can synthesize another arbitrary expression by the same person. This is achieved by first fitting a 3D face model and then disentangling the face into a texture and a shape. We then learn different networks in these two spaces. In the texture space, we use a conditional generative network to change the appearance, and carefully design input formats and loss functions to achieve the best results. In the shape space, we use a fully connected network to predict the accurate shapes and use the available depth data for supervision. Both networks are conditioned on expression coefficients rather than discrete labels, allowing us to generate an unlimited amount of expressions. We show the superiority of this disentangling approach through both quantitative and qualitative studies. In a user study, our method is preferred in 85% of cases when compared to the most recent work. When compared to the ground truth, annotators cannot reliably distinguish between our synthesized images and real images, preferring our method in 53% of the cases.
Self-assembled monolayers as selective filters for chemical sensors (2002)

The lateral electrical conductivity of gold layers with thickness in the nanometre range was found to decrease due to adsorption of mercury, water, iodine and sulphuric compounds onto the gold surface. A self-assembled monolayer of hexadecanethiol, deposited on the gold surface, blocked the effects of water and volatile sulphuric compounds on the lateral conductivity of the gold layers, but does not block the effects of iodine and mercury. The results indicate a selective permeability of hexadecanethiol monolayers for mercury vapour, thus providing a method for development of ultrathin filters for chemical sensors.
Xenon ion propulsion subsystem (1989)

This paper describes an integrated xenon ion propulsion subsystem designed to perform 10 years of northsouth stationkeeping for 2500-kg-class geosynchronous communications satellites. The propulsion subsystem comprises a 25-cm-diam thruster, a power supply, and a propellant tankage and control unit. With a spacecraft bus power of 1400 W, the unit produces 63 mN of thrust at a specific impulse of 2900 s. A propulsion subsystem efficiency of 65% is obtained using a highly efficient ring-cusp discharge chamber equipped with a three-grid ion extraction assembly (thruster efficiency of 70%) and a simplified power supply that operates at 90% efficiency. Results show that the propulsion subsystems can be turned on with a single analog command, reaching its fullthrust level in less than 3 min.
Frustratingly Easy NBNN Domain Adaptation (2013)

Over the last years, several authors have signaled that state of the art categorization methods fail to perform well when trained and tested on data from different databases. The general consensus in the literature is that this issue, known as domain adaptation and/or dataset bias, is due to a distribution mismatch between data collections. Methods addressing it go from max-margin classifiers to learning how to modify the features and obtain a more robust representation. The large majority of these works use BOW feature descriptors, and learning methods based on image-to-image distance functions. Following the seminal work of [6], in this paper we challenge these two assumptions. We experimentally show that using the NBNN classifier over existing domain adaptation databases achieves always very strong performances. We build on this result, and present an NBNN-based domain adaptation algorithm that learns iteratively a class metric while inducing, for each sample, a large margin separation among classes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work casting the domain adaptation problem within the NBNN framework. Experiments show that our method achieves the state of the art, both in the unsupervised and semi-supervised settings.
Role of Aminopeptidases in the Blood Pressure Regulation (2004)

In addition to the neural and autoregulatory factors, blood pressure (BP) is regulated by humoral factors including vasoactive peptides. When evaluating the peptide actions, degradation by proteases should be also considered in addition to the generation of peptides and their receptors. This review describes the roles of aminopeptidase A, placental leucine aminopeptidase and kininase I, which are enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing angiotensin II (AngII), vasopressin (AVP) and bradykinin (BK), respectively, in BP regulation. Especially, we focus on the association of the proteases with preeclampsia, hypertensive disorder peculiar to pregnancy, since one of the representative organs that are rich in theses proteases is placenta. Although the physiological roles of the placental proteases have not been fully understood, several lines of evidence suggest that the proteases are involved in the maintenance of pregnancy homeostasis including fetal and maternal BP regulation through the metabolism of bioactive peptides at the interface between mother and fetus.
Microstructures and magnetic alignment of L10 FePt nanoparticles (2007)

Chemically ordered FePt nanoparticles were obtained by high temperature annealing a mixture of FePt particles with NaCl. After the NaCl was removed with de-ionized water, the transformed FePt nanoparticles were redispersed in cyclohexanone. X-ray diffraction patterns clearly show the L10 phase. Scherrer analysis indicates that the average particle size is about 8nm, which is close to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) statistical results. The coercivity ranges from 16kOe to more than 34kOe from room temperature down to 10K. High resolution TEM images reveal that most of the FePt particles were fully transformed into the L10 phase, except for a small fraction of particles which were partially chemically ordered. Nano-energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements on the individual particles show that the composition of the fully transformed particles is close to 50∕50, while the composition of the partially transformed particles is far from equiatomic. TEM images and electron diffraction patterns indicate c-axis alignment for a monolayer of L10 FePt particles formed by drying a dilute dispersion on copper grids under a magnetic field. For thick samples dried under a magnetic field, the degree of easy axis alignment is not as high as predicted due to strong interactions between particles.
Developments with maximum likelihood X-ray computed tomography (1992)

An approach to the maximum-likelihood estimation of attenuation coefficients in transmission tomography is presented as an extension of earlier theoretical work by K. Lange and R. Carson (J. Comput. Assist. Tomography, vol.8, p.306-16, 1984). The reconstruction algorithm is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Several simplifying approximations are introduced which make the maximization step of the algorithm available. Computer simulations are presented using noise-free and Poisson randomized projections. The images obtained with the EM-type method are compared to those reconstructed with the EM method of Lange and Carson and with filtered backprojection. Preliminary results show that there are potential advantages in using the maximum likelihood approaches in situations where a high-contrast object, such as bone, is embedded in low-contrast soft tissue.
A single-chip digital signal processor for telecommunication applications (1981)

A single-chip, software-programmable digital signal processor, intended for telecommunication applications, has been developed. The processor, fabricated with the most advanced 3 /spl mu/m n-channel E/D MOS technology, incorporates a 16/spl times/16-bit full hardware multiplier and a sophisticated bus structure to minimize bus conflicts, thus attaining the capability to implement 55 second-order filters at a sampling rate of 8 kHz with sufficient dynamic range to process PCM encoded signals. The authors describe the design concept, architecture, instructions, device design, and application techniques.
Lender Liability: The Legal and Management Effects on the Hospitality Industry (1992)

With the savings and loan crisis and the tail end of a recession at hand, the '90s are bound to be a difficult decade for the financing of hospitality operations through borrowing from commercial lenders. The authors discuss one of the least known dangers associated with borrowing, lender liability. The issue is discussed from both a legal and managerial perspective.
Electromigration extendibility of Cu(Mn) alloy-seed interconnects, and understanding the fundamentals (2012)

Cu(Mn) alloy seed BEOL studies revealed fundamental insights into Mn segregation and EM enhancement. We found a metallic-state Mn-rich Cu layer under the MnOx layer at the Cu/SiCNH cap interface, and correlated this metallic layer with additional EM enhancement. A carbonyl-based CVD-Co liner film consumed Mn, reducing its segregation and EM benefit, suggesting O-free Co liner films are strategic for Cu-alloy seed extendibility.
Proposed Host-Front End Protocol (1984)

The reader should be aware of several things in regard to what the present document is up to. First and foremost, IT IS A PROPOSAL FOR A STANDARD, NOT A STANDARD ITSELF. Next, it assumes that the separate document, RFC 928, which is an introduction to the present document, has been read before it is. Next, it should be understood that &quot;final cut &quot; over this version of the document has been exercised by the author of RFC 928, not by the primary author of the present document, so any readers bothered by style considerations should feel free to blame the former, who’s used to it, rather than the latter, who may well be guiltless. (Editing at a distance finally become too hard to manage, so if I’m typing it myself I’m going to fiddle with it myself too, including, but not limited to, sticking my own section on the Conceptual Model in before Joel’s words start, rather than leaving it in the Introduction. MAP) Finally, it should be noted that this is not a finished document.
Regulation of the 5‐HT<sub>3</sub>A Receptor‐Mediated Current by Alkyl 4‐Hydroxybenzoates Isolated from the Seeds of<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> (2010)

Four known alkyl 4-hydroxybenzoates, i.e., methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (1), ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (2), propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (3), and butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (4), were isolated from the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner (Nymphaeaceae) for the first time. The structures of the isolates were identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and comparison with published values. The compounds were evaluated for their effects on the 5-HT-stimulated inward current (I(5-HT)) mediated by the human 5-HT(3)A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Compounds 1 and 2 enhanced the I(5-HT), but 4 reduced it. These results indicate that 4 is an inhibitor of the 5-HT(3)A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Assembly of protein kinase CK2: investigation of complex formation between catalytic and regulatory subunits using a zinc-finger-deficient mutant of CK2β (2001)

Protein kinase CK2 is a tetrameric enzyme comprised of two regulatory subunits (CK2β) and two catalytic subunits (CK2α and/or CK2α′). The crystal structure of dimeric CK2β demonstrated that a zinc finger mediates CK2β dimerization, therefore we constructed a mutant in which cysteine residues 109 and 114 were mutated to serine. Our objectives were to examine the effects of disrupting the zinc finger of the regulatory CK2β subunit on CK2 tetramer assembly. Examination of this zinc-finger-deficient mutant of CK2β using a yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrates that the mutant fails to form CK2β homodimers. In order to extend these studies, we co-transfected COS-7 cells with epitope-tagged constructs and performed co-immunoprecipitation assays. The results from these studies demonstrate that the mutant fails to form CK2β homodimers and fails to interact with catalytic CK2 subunits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mutant CK2β is not appreciably phosphorylated in cells. Using in vitro binding assays, we demonstrated that the mutant CK2β protein fails to interact with glutathione S-transferase–CK2α′. Finally, we demonstrate that the mutant is translated at an equivalent rate to wild-type CK2β, but is degraded much more rapidly. Overall, our results are consistent with the model that β–β dimerization precedes incorporation of catalytic subunits into tetrameric CK2 complexes, and that β–β dimerization is a prerequisite for the stable incorporation of catalytic subunits into CK2 complexes.
Fundamental limits of repeaterless quantum communications (2017)

Quantum communications promises reliable transmission of quantum information, efficient distribution of entanglement and generation of completely secure keys. For all these tasks, we need to determine the optimal point-to-point rates that are achievable by two remote parties at the ends of a quantum channel, without restrictions on their local operations and classical communication, which can be unlimited and two-way. These two-way assisted capacities represent the ultimate rates that are reachable without quantum repeaters. Here, by constructing an upper bound based on the relative entropy of entanglement and devising a dimension-independent technique dubbed 'teleportation stretching', we establish these capacities for many fundamental channels, namely bosonic lossy channels, quantum-limited amplifiers, dephasing and erasure channels in arbitrary dimension. In particular, we exactly determine the fundamental rate-loss tradeoff affecting any protocol of quantum key distribution. Our findings set the limits of point-to-point quantum communications and provide precise and general benchmarks for quantum repeaters.
Reaction of 2,3‐dichloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with dithiooxamide. Synthesis of dibenzo[<i>b,i</i>]thianthrene‐5,7,12,14‐tetrone (1991)

Abstract The reaction of 2,3‐dihalogeno‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with dithiooxamide gave dibenzo[ b,i ]thianthrene‐5,7,12,14‐tetrone in high yield but not 2,2′‐bis(naphtho[2,3‐ d ]thiazole‐4,9‐dione) which was previously reported. A similar reaction of 3,4‐dichloro‐ N ‐phenylmaleimide with dithiooxamide also gave the corresponding sulfur heterocycles but not the reported bisthiazole.
Absence of a cleavable signal sequence in Sindbis virus glycoprotein PE2. (1979)

Partial NH2-terminal sequence analysis has been performed on some products that result from the translation of 26 S mRNA of Sindbis virus either in vivo or in vitro. In vivo products were obtained after pulse-labeling of virus-infected cells. In vitro products were obtained after cell-free translation either in the absence or presence of microsomal membrane vesicles from dog pancreas. The sequence data indicate that the selective translocation across the microsomal membrane required for a distinct portion of one of the integral viral envelope proteins (PE2) is not accompanied by cleavage of its putative signal sequence. Furthermore, the NH2-terminal sequence of a proteolytic derivative (PE'2) that contains the bulk of PE2 and that is generated after exposure of the microsomal vesicles to proteolytic enzymes is identical to that of intact PE2, strongly suggesting that only a COOH-terminal portion of PE2 is excluded from translocation across the microsomal membrane.
Further Studies on Acetic Acid—Acetate Solutions (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther Studies on Acetic Acid—Acetate SolutionsArthur W. Davidson and Wilbert ChappellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 9, 3531–3537Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01336a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01336a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FF‐10832 enables long survival via effective gemcitabine accumulation in a lethal murine peritoneal dissemination model (2019)

Abstract Chemotherapy has been the treatment of choice for unresectable peritoneal dissemination; however, it is difficult to eradicate such tumors because of poor drug delivery. To solve this issue, we developed FF‐10832 as liposome‐encapsulated gemcitabine to maintain a high concentration of gemcitabine in peritoneal tumors from the circulation and ascites. A syngeneic mouse model of peritoneal dissemination using murine Colon26 cell line was selected to compare the drug efficacy and pharmacokinetics of FF‐10832 with those of gemcitabine. Despite the single intravenous administration, FF‐10832 treatment enabled long‐term survival of the lethal model mice as compared with those treated with gemcitabine. Pharmacokinetic analysis clarified that FF‐10832 could achieve a more effective gemcitabine delivery to peritoneal tumors owing to better stability in the circulation and ascites. The novel liposome‐encapsulated gemcitabine FF‐10832 may be a curative therapeutic tool for cancer patients with unresectable peritoneal dissemination via the effective delivery of gemcitabine to target tumors.
Resonance Cassie−Wenzel Wetting Transition for Horizontally Vibrated Drops Deposited on a Rough Surface (2007)

The transition between the Cassie and Wenzel wetting regimes has been observed under horizontal vibrations of a water drop placed on the rough micrometrically scaled polymer pattern. The observed transition has a distinct resonance character. The resonance frequencies as established experimentally coincide with the calculated eigenfrequencies of capillary-gravity standing waves on the drop surface. The resonance Cassie-Wenzel transition is related to the displacement of the triple line caused by both the inertia force and the increase in the Laplace pressure. This strengthens the idea that the Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition is most likely a 1D affair stipulated by the triple-line behavior. The study of the vibrated drop deposited on the rough surface supplied valuable information concerning the Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition.