gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noncoordinating buffers. I. Synthesis and characterization of water soluble derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNoncoordinating buffers. I. Synthesis and characterization of water soluble derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridineEdward Deutsch and Nai Kong V. CheungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 6, 1123–1126Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00946a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00946a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ketene and Acetylketene (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetene and AcetylketeneCharles D. Hurd and Jonathan W. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 6, 962–968Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01297a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01297a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compile-time techniques for data distribution in distributed memory machines (1991)

A solution to the problem of partitioning data for distributed memory machines is discussed. The solution uses a matrix notation to describe array accesses in fully parallel loops, which allows the derivation of sufficient conditions for communication-free partitioning (decomposition) of arrays. A series of examples that illustrate the effectiveness of the technique for linear references, the use of loop transformations in deriving the necessary data decompositions, and a formulation that aids in deriving heuristics for minimizing a communication when communication-free partitions are not feasible are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-Actor Analysis for Self-Organizing Energy Efficient Business Ecosystems (2011)

This paper explores advanced methodologies to analyse the causes of so called energy efficiency gap, by identifying and analyzing how inter-actor relationships in business ecosystems can affect and act as barriers for commercial success of energy efficient solutions. For this, the paper takes the multi-actor framework (MACTOR) as a starting point and adapts it, connecting and transforming the strategic positions taken by stakeholders to a matrix of twelve control and value parameters (the Business Model Matrix) developed in earlier work. As a use case for this methodology, the paper examines the business ecosystem surrounding the introduction of a new energy efficient technology - CONSERN. The key motivation is to identify the strategic objectives that can essentially capture the viability of CONSERN enabled devices in the marketplace and to further elaborate on the battlefields where for a given objective various actors in the business ecosystem are in convergence, in divergence, or neutral.
Changes of electric cochlea activity of guinea pigs during argon laser stapedotomy (2000)

Small electric signals appear on surface of a cochlea when the ear is stimulated by sound. A level of the signals can be measured of the electric activity of cochlea. The aim of the experiments was recording of changes of the cochlear potentials during argon laser stapedotomy. On the base of the recording the limits of the safe argon laser stapedotomy have been preliminary estimated. The series of argon laser pulses lasting 0.2-0.5 s and of 16 s interval between the pulses are preferable for safety of argon laser stapedotomy. The pulse peak power should be below 1 W.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
[Follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer resected for cure in the Herault area. A medico-economical study]. (2001)

In Herault area, clinicians carried out in 70% of the patients a simplified follow-up and in 30% of the cases a reinforced follow-up in comparison with French recommendations. Survival rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups.
The Technical College Library (1960)

In an essay on the education of engineers Hardy Cross wrote:
Deconstructing Cell-Free Extract Preparation for <i>in Vitro</i> Activation of Transcriptional Genetic Circuitry (2018)

Recent advances in cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems have enabled their use for a host of synthetic biology applications, particularly for rapid prototyping of genetic circuits and biosensors. Despite the proliferation of cell-free protein synthesis platforms, the large number of currently existing protocols for making CFE extracts muddles the collective understanding of how the extract preparation method affects its functionality. A key aspect of extract performance relevant to many applications is the activity of the native host transcriptional machinery that can mediate protein synthesis. However, protein yields from genes transcribed in vitro by the native Escherichia coli RNA polymerase are variable for different extract preparation techniques, and specifically low in some conventional crude extracts originally optimized for expression by the bacteriophage transcriptional machinery. Here, we show that cell-free expression of genes under bacterial σ<sup>70</sup> promoters is constrained by the rate of transcription in crude extracts, and that processing the extract with a ribosomal runoff reaction and subsequent dialysis alleviates this constraint. Surprisingly, these processing steps only enhance protein synthesis in genes under native regulation, indicating that the translation rate is unaffected. We further investigate the role of other common extract preparation process variants on extract performance and demonstrate that bacterial transcription is inhibited by including glucose in the growth culture but is unaffected by flash-freezing the cell pellet prior to lysis. Our final streamlined and detailed protocol for preparing extract by sonication generates extract that facilitates expression from a diverse set of sensing modalities including protein and RNA regulators. We anticipate that this work will clarify the methodology for generating CFE extracts that are active for biosensing using native transcriptional machinery and will encourage the further proliferation of cell-free gene expression technology for new applications.
Investigations of growth-promoting factors in conditioned soybean root cells and in the liquid medium in which they grow: ammonium, glutamine, and amino acids (1974)

Cells cultured in sterile, liquid media from a number of Phaseolus spp., soybean cotyledons, shoots, and roots and from rice explants grew, in terms of dry-weight increase, much better in the presence of NH 4 + and NO 3 − as sources of nitrogen than with NO 3 − alone. Other cultures tested, including other legumes, either did not respond positively to added NH 4 + or, as in the case of Haplopappus gracilis cells, grew better in its absence.Earlier it had been shown that soybean (Glycine max. L. cv. Mandarin) root cells grew better in the presence of NH 4 + than in its absence and that 'conditioning' substances were produced by cells and excreted into the medium between about the 15th and 35th h of incubation. These observations and those above with other cell cultures led to the initiation of an investigation of why some cells respond to NH 4 + while others do not.This investigation has so far taken the form of an analysis of nitrogenous compounds in soybean root cells and in the NH 4 + -containing medium in which they were grown during 120 h of incubation and especially after 24 h of incubation, the time of maximum production of growth-enhancing ability in both cells and medium.Growth enhancement can be accounted for, apparently, by the occurrence of residual NH 4 + in conditioned medium and by the presumed occurrence of NH 4 + in cells. However, glutamine and its derivatives are implicated in the conditioning process.
Expression of cell volume-regulated kinase h-sgk in pancreatic tissue (2000)

Transcript levels of the human serine/threonine kinase h-sgk have been found to be highest in pancreas. In the present study, localization and regulation of h-sgk transcription in pancreatic tissue were elucidated. As was apparent from radioactive in situ hybridization, most pancreatic acinar cells expressed high levels of h-sgk mRNA. h-sgk mRNA-positive cells were also found in ductal epithelia but not in pancreatic islets. In biopsy specimens from patients with pancreatitis, h-sgk mRNA levels were decreased in acinar cells but abundant in numerous mononuclear interstitial cells within areas of pancreatic necrosis and fibrosis. As shown by Northern blotting, h-sgk transcription in DAN-G pancreatic tumor cells is upregulated by osmotic cell shrinkage, serum, phorbol esters (phorbol 12,13-didecanoate), and Ca(2+) ionophore A-23187 and decreased by staurosporine and cAMP. In conclusion, h-sgk transcription is regulated not only by cell volume but also by serum, protein kinase C stimulation, cAMP, and increase of intracellular Ca(2+) activity. The kinase may participate not only in normal function of exocrine pancreas but also in fibrosing pancreatitis.
Determining the number of zones in a pick-and-sort order picking system (2011)

In this study we consider a pick-and-sort order picking system, in which batches of orders are picked simultaneously from different (work) zones by a group of order pickers. After picking, the orders are transported by a conveyor to a next station for consolidation and packing. Packing can only occur when an order has been picked completely. For a given number of workers, each assigned to a single zone, a larger number of zones reduces pick time (since travel time reduces), but increases waiting time for completion at the packing stations, because more partial batches needing assembly arrive at the packing stations. Our aim is to determine the optimal number of zones such that the total (picking and packing) time to complete a batch is minimised. We solve this problem by optimally assigning items to pick routes in each zone. We illustrate the method with data taken from a distribution centre of one of the largest online retailers in The Netherlands.
The United States National Prospective Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Study: Microbiologic, Serologic, Clinical, and Epidemiologic Findings (2001)

The frequency of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes associated with postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) cases among children and adults in the United States and the proportion with IgM or IgG lipopolysaccharide antibodies to E. coli O157 were determined by use of a nationwide sample from January 1987 through December 1991. Among 83 patients, STEC were isolated from 30 (43%) of 70 whose stool cultures yielded bacterial growth (25 E. coli O157 isolates and 5 non-O157 STEC isolates). Fifty-three (80%) of 66 patients with serum samples had positive O157 lipopolysaccharide antibody titers. Of the 83 patients, 60 (72%) had evidence of STEC infection, including 6 of 8 adults whose illnesses also met criteria for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Data from a subset of patients suggest that E. coli O157 was the cause of > or = 80% of the STEC infections. All 3 women who were postpartum had evidence of E. coli O157 infection. STEC infection should be considered the likely cause for all persons with postdiarrheal HUS.
Plasmodium vivax malaria: An unusual presentation (2009)

Acute renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoglycemia, coma, or epileptic seizures are manifestations of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. On the other hand, Plasmodium vivax malaria seldom results in pulmonary damage, and pulmonary complications are exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 42-year-old male living in a malaria-endemic area who presented with ARDS and was diagnosed as having Plasmodium vivax malaria. A diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria was established by a positive Plasmodium LDH immunochromatographic assay while a negative PfHRP2 based assay ruled out P. falciparum malaria. After specific anti-plasmodial therapy and intensive supportive care, the patient recovered and was discharged from hospital. The use of NIPPV in vivax-malaria related ARDS was associated with a good outcome.
The Epipaleolithic (2013)

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A highly linear and efficient three‐way Doherty amplifier using two‐stage GaN HEMT cells for repeater systems (2009)

Abstract In this article, we propose a highly linear and efficient three‐way Doherty amplifier using two‐stage GaN HEMT cells for repeater systems. The driving cells are used as the predistortion circuit to improve linearity as well as the gain stage. The main cells are optimized to achieve high efficiency at a large back‐off power. After gate bias optimization of the driving cells, the proposed three‐way Doherty amplifier with two‐stage cells shows highly linear and efficient performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2895–2898, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24748
A Review of Feedforward Control Approaches in Nanopositioning for High-Speed SPM (2009)

Control can enable high-bandwidth nanopositioning needed to increase the operating speed of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). High-speed SPMs can substantially impact the throughput of a wide range of emerging nanosciences and nanotechnologies. In particular, inversion-based control can find the feedforward input needed to account for the positioning dynamics and, thus, achieve the required precision and bandwidth. This article reviews inversion-based feedforward approaches used for high-speed SPMs such as optimal inversion that accounts for model uncertainty and inversion-based iterative control for repetitive applications. The article establishes connections to other existing methods such as zero-phase-error-tracking feedforward and robust feedforward. Additionally, the article reviews the use of feedforward in emerging applications such as SPM-based nanoscale combinatorial-science studies, image-based control for subnanometer-scale studies, and imaging of large soft biosamples with SPMs.
Upgrading of an Asphaltenic Coal Residue:  Thermal Hydroprocessing (1996)

A residue from deasphalting a syncrude obtained by direct coal liquefaction of a subbituminous Spanish coal was processed by thermal hydrotreatment. Kinetic study of the cracking reaction and coke formation reaction has been performed. The viscosity, coke content, boiling point distribution, elemental analysis, and aromaticity of the reaction products have been determined. The experimental data fits with the first-order kinetic model proposed. The main effects observed with the thermal hydrotreatment have been a large decrease of the viscosity that varies from 4608 cSt in the feedstock to 147 cSt in the products. The conversion of the heavy fraction (bp > 350 °C and soluble in toluene) and asphaltenes increased with the temperature and residence time, and the formation of coke was inhibited even at the hardest reaction conditions used. At 425 °C a kinetic control conducts the reaction, the cracking reaction with lower activation energy was more favorable and the coke formation (condensation) remained almost completely inhibited.
Silicon Carbide Technology (2006)

Silicon carbide based semiconductor electronic devices and circuits are presently being developed for use in high-temperature, high-power, and high-radiation conditions under which conventional semiconductors cannot adequately perform. Silicon carbide's ability to function under such extreme conditions is expected to enable significant improvements to a far-ranging variety of applications and systems. These range from greatly improved high-voltage switching for energy savings in public electric power distribution and electric motor drives to more powerful microwave electronics for radar and communications to sensors and controls for cleaner-burning more fuel-efficient jet aircraft and automobile engines. In the particular area of power devices, theoretical appraisals have indicated that SiC power MOSFET's and diode rectifiers would operate over higher voltage and temperature ranges, have superior switching characteristics, and yet have die sizes nearly 20 times smaller than correspondingly rated silicon-based devices [8]. However, these tremendous theoretical advantages have yet to be widely realized in commercially available SiC devices, primarily owing to the fact that SiC's relatively immature crystal growth and device fabrication technologies are not yet sufficiently developed to the degree required for reliable incorporation into most electronic systems. This chapter briefly surveys the SiC semiconductor electronics technology. In particular, the differences (both good and bad) between SiC electronics technology and the well-known silicon VLSI technology are highlighted. Projected performance benefits of SiC electronics are highlighted for several large-scale applications. Key crystal growth and device-fabrication issues that presently limit the performance and capability of high-temperature and high-power SiC electronics are identified.
Control of pore hydrophilicity in ordered nanoporous polystyrene using an AB/AC block copolymer blending strategy (2004)

Ordered nanoporous plastics with hydrophilic pore surfaces were prepared by the degradative removal of polylactide from a self-organised, multi-component composite containing two block copolymers: polystyrene-polylactide and polystyrene-polyethylene oxide. The solid-state characterization of blends containing up to 12 wt.% polyethylene oxide was consistent with nanoscopic cylinders of mixed polyethylene oxide and polylactide hexagonally packed in a polystyrene matrix. Orientation of these materials through simple channel die processing resulted in good cylinder alignment. Subsequent methanolysis/hydrolysis of the polylactide component gave nanoporous polystyrene with polyethylene oxide coated pores. The resulting nanoporous materials were able to imbibe water, in contrast to nanoporous polystyrene with no polyethylene oxide component.
The mechanism of iron gettering in boron-doped silicon (1996)

High-energy B implantation was used to introduce gettering layers into float-zone Si wafers contaminated with 2×1014 Fe/cm3. Secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that about 5% of the Fe contamination is collected at the 4 μm deep peak of a 4×1014/cm2, 3.3 MeV B implant after annealing at 1000 °C for 1 h. Deep level transient spectroscopy demonstrates that increasing the gettering B dose from 4×1012 to 4×1014/cm2 reduces the Fe concentration from 3×1012 to below ∼1010/cm3 in the 1–3 μm deep region from the surface, indicating very efficient gettering. Measurements of the Fe depth profile imply that the depletion of Fe near the gettering layer occurs upon cooling down from 1000 °C. The gettering behavior can be qualitatively understood in terms of a Fermi-level-enhanced pairing reaction between Fe and B.
Glucose Naturally Labeled with Carbon-13: Use for Metabolic Studies in Man (1973)

The ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 is much higher in most commerical preparations of glucose used for oral glucose tolerance tests than it is in carbon dioxide in expired air. This recent discovery provided a novel and potentially significant means of studying glucose metabolism. The changes in the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in carbon dioxide expired after oral glucose administration were determined by mass spectrometry. In six healthy male volunteers, the administration of glucose resulted in a marked, reproducible rise in the isotopic ratio in expired carbon dioxide; the ratio reached its maximum at 4 hours and then declined progressively.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Subcritical Water: Complementary Agents in the Processing of Functional Foods (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sub- and supercritical fluid solvents Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction Tandem processing using sub- and supercritical fluids Integrated critical fluid processing technology Production-scale critical fluid-based nutraceutical plants and commercial products References
Synthesis of “Trioxaquantel”<sup>®</sup> Derivatives as Potential New Antischistosomal Drugs (2007)

Abstract Over the past 20 years, praziquantel, a pyrazinoisoquinoline derivative, has become the mainstay for morbidity control of human and animal schistosomiasis. From early in their lives in vertebrate hosts, schistosomes ingest hemoglobin and aggregate the released heme as a dark pigment very similar to the hemozoin produced by Plasmodium in malaria infection. The antimalarial artemisinin derivatives have real, though low, schistosomicide activity. Because of the complementarity of the two drug classes – praziquantel and artemisinin derivatives – we designed new molecules, named trioxaquantels ® , that combine the 1,2,4‐trioxane unit responsible for the activity of artemisinin, and the pyrazinoisoquinoline moiety of praziquantel within a single drug. The synthesis of these new drugs and their preliminary evaluation in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni is reported here.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)