gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate Automatic Detection of End-Diastole From Left Ventricular Pressure Using Peak Curvature (2008)

Precise identification of end-diastole (ED), corresponding to the end of diastole and start of systole, is crucial for accurate assessment of cardiac function. The aims of this study were to develop a new algorithm based on peak curvature (kappap) for detecting ED as a ldquocornerrdquo in left ventricular pressure (LVP) signals, and to compare this approach with ldquogold-standardrdquo ED obtained by manual annotation (EDman) and ED calculated with previously described algorithms that use an LVP first-derivative threshold (dP/dt 0 or dP/dt 100), the peak LVP second-derivative (d 2 P/dt 2 p) or ECG R-wave peak ( ECGR). Using customized software, all algorithms were applied to data derived from 213 large animal studies spanning a wide range of animal ages (fetus to adult), heart rates, inotropic states, and loading conditions. Differences between EDman and each algorithm were then compared after defining an acceptance region for the ED detection based on EDman interobserver variability. ED detected with kappap was the most accurate (p < 0.001) and least variable (p < 0.001), with 97% of measurements within the acceptance region and difference from EDman of (1.5 plusmn 4.2) ms. By contrast, ED was often detected early with dP/dt 0 and dP/dt 100 , and late with d 2 P/dt 2 p and ECGR. These results indicate that the peak curvature algorithm using LVP provides accurate and reliable detection of ED.
Grape Pomace: Possibilities as Animal Feed (1982)

Dry matter digestibilities of several grape pomace varieties are compared in cow, sheep and goat by <i>in-vitro</i> technique. Values obtained (26%-39%) are low compared to alfalfa hay (69%) or sudan-grass (65%). Total phenols and tannic acid equivalent are determined and influence on digestibility is evaluated. Pre-extraction with cold or warm water reduces the total phenol level but also removes water soluble nutrients. The value of grape pomace as animal feed is discussed in light of these and other results.
Google™ - "do no evil" (2006)

I suppose any company with a motto of "do no evil", sets a pretty unachievable standard. But for " Google ™ the good ', the corporate image is rapidly becoming more tarnished. Quite apart from the controversial debates about supporting censorship in China, we are seeing the increasing tensions between Google as the liberal promoter of scientific neutrality, and Google as the global, corporate juggernaut. What is becoming apparent is the need for online search engines to adopt a moral and ethical code relating to the use of information as both a raw material and a fertile mine collated from other sources.
IL-7 promotes thymocyte proliferation and maintains immunocompetent thymocytes bearing <i>alpha beta</i> or gamma delta T-cell receptors in vitro: synergism with IL-2. (1989)

IL-7 induced the proliferation of normal thymocytes and the effect was synergistically potentiated by a small dose of IL-2, which by itself hardly affected thymocyte proliferation. No synergism was observed between IL-7 and any one of the other lymphokines including IL-1, IL-3, and IL-4. The thymocyte culture stimulated with IL-7 and IL-2 consisted of single positive (CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) and double negative (CD4-CD8-) populations, and double positive (CD4+CD8+) cells were completely deleted. Both single positive and double negative thymocytes expressed CD3, but only the former exhibited V beta 8 and V beta 6 in an expected proportion (approximately 30% in BALB/c mice) and the latter none at all. Immunoprecipitation of the cultured thymocytes by anti-TCR gamma antibody, on the other hand, revealed the presence of a TCR gamma chain. Taken together, these results indicated that the thymocyte cultured with IL-7 and IL-2 consisted of mature T cells bearing alpha beta or gamma delta TCR. Experiments using preselected thymocyte subpopulations indicated that double negative cells responded to both IL-7 and IL-2 with positive synergism when combined, while thymocytes enriched for single positive cells preferentially responded to IL-7 with little response to IL-2 and no detectable synergism. Double positive thymocytes showed no proliferation in response to IL-7 and IL-2. In contrast to single positive thymocytes, splenic T cells hardly responded to IL-7, although significant proliferation was induced in the presence of a low dose of IL-2. Thymocytes cultured with IL-7 and IL-2 showed little nonspecific cytotoxic activity, but responded to Con A or alloantigen, whereas those stimulated with a high dose of IL-2 alone exhibited potent cytotoxic activity. These results indicated that IL-7 was involved in the generation of immunocompetent T cells in the thymus in concert with IL-2.
Cellular distribution of beta-trace protein in CNS and brain tumours (1974)

The low-molecular weight beta-trace protein constitutes about seven per cent of the total protein content in human cerebrospinal fluid. Within the central nervous system the protein is found predominantly in white matter and fractions enriched in glial cells. Immunofluorescence studies on sections of monkey brains show that beta-trace protein is particularly localized to cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Significantly higher amounts of beta-trace protein are found in brain tumours derived from glial cells than in other tumours.
Otic Administration of Amphotericin B 0.25% in Sterile Water (1994)

This patient tolerated topical otic administration of amphotericin B 0.25% in sterile water when administered three times daily.
Thin client performance for remote 3-D image display. (2003)

Several trends in biomedical computing are converging in a way that will require new approaches to telehealth image display. Image viewing is becoming an "anytime, anywhere" activity. In addition, organizations are beginning to recognize that healthcare providers are highly mobile and optimal care requires providing information wherever the provider and patient are. Thin-client computing is one way to support image viewing this complex environment. However little is known about the behavior of thin client systems in supporting image transfer in modern heterogeneous networks. Our results show that using thin-clients can deliver acceptable performance over conditions commonly seen in wireless networks if newer protocols optimized for these conditions are used.
Isolation of the Complementary DNA for Human Transcobalamin II (1989)

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone coding for transcobalamin II (TCII) has been isolated from a human umbilical vein endothelial cell cDNA library. The cDNA is 1.9 Kb and includes the nucleotide sequence which encodes the NH2-terminal 19 amino acids of human TCII. The size of the cDNA is sufficient to code for the entire protein and also contains the nucleotide sequence coding for a 24 amino acid leader peptide and a long untranslated 3' region. The availability of this cDNA will provide the opportunity to characterize genetic disorders of TCII.
Long-Term Occupancy Grid Prediction Using Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

We tackle the long-term prediction of scene evolution in a complex downtown scenario for automated driving based on Lidar grid fusion and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A bird's eye view of the scene, including occupancy and velocity, is fed as a sequence to a RNN which is trained to predict future occupancy. The nature of prediction allows generation of multiple hours of training data without the need of manual labeling. Thus, the training strategy and loss function are designed for long sequences of real-world data (unbalanced, continuously changing situations, false labels, etc.). The deep CNN architecture comprises convolutional long short-term memories (ConvLSTMs) to separate static from dynamic regions and to predict dynamic objects in future frames. Novel recurrent skip connections show the ability to predict small occluded objects, i.e. pedestrians, and occluded static regions. Spatio-temporal correlations between grid cells are exploited to predict multimodal future paths and interactions between objects. Experiments also quantity improvements to our previous network, a Monte Carlo approach, and literature.
An Introduction to Dynamical Systems: Continuous and Discrete (2004)

This book gives a mathematical treatment of the introduction to qualitative differential equations and discrete dynamical systems. The treatment includes theoretical proofs, methods of calculation, and applications. The two parts of the book, continuous time of differential equations and discrete time of dynamical systems, can be covered independently in one semester each or combined together into a year long course. The material on differential equations introduces the qualitative or geometric approach through a treatment of linear systems in any dimensions. There follows chapters where equilibria are the most important feature, where scalar (energy) functions is the principal tool, where periodic orbits appear, and finally chaotic systems of differential equations. The many different approaches are systematically introduced through examples and theorems. The material on discrete dynamical systems starts with maps of one variable and proceeds to systems in higher dimensions. The treatment starts with examples where the periodic points can be found explicitly and then introduces symbolic dynamics to analyze where they can be shown to exist but not given in explicit form. Chaotic systems are presented both mathematically and more computationally using Lyapunov exponents. With the one-dimensional maps as models, the multidimensional maps cover the same material in higher dimensions. This higher dimensional material is less computational and more conceptual and theoretical. The final chapter on fractals introduces various dimensions which is another computational tool for measuring the complexity of a system. It also treats iterated function systems which give examples of complicated sets. In the second edition of the book, much of the material has been rewritten to clarify the presentation. Also, some new material has been included in both parts of the book. This book can be used as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate course on ordinary differential equations and/or dynamical systems. Prerequisites are standard courses in calculus (single variable and multivariable), linear algebra, and introductory differential equations.
Iodine Catalysis for C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Fluorination with a Nucleophilic Fluorine Source (2020)

Iodine catalysis was developed for aliphatic fluorination through light-promoted homolytic C-H bond cleavage. The intermediary formation of amidyl radicals enables selective C-H functionalization via carbon-centered radicals. For the subsequent C-F bond formation, previous methods have typically been limited by a requirement for electrophilic fluorine reagents. We here demonstrate that the intermediary instalment of a carbon-iodine bond sets the stage for an umpolung, thereby establishing an unprecedented nucleophilic fluorination pathway.
Patellin1, a Novel Sec14-Like Protein, Localizes to the Cell Plate and Binds Phosphoinositides (2004)

Membrane trafficking is central to construction of the cell plate during plant cytokinesis. Consequently, a detailed understanding of the process depends on the characterization of molecules that function in the formation, transport, targeting, and fusion of membrane vesicles to the developing plate, as well as those that participate in its consolidation and maturation into a fully functional partition. Here we report the initial biochemical and functional characterization of patellin1 (PATL1), a novel cell-plate-associated protein that is related in sequence to proteins involved in membrane trafficking in other eukaryotes. Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome indicated that PATL1 is one of a small family of Arabidopsis proteins, characterized by a variable N-terminal domain followed by two domains found in other membrane-trafficking proteins (Sec14 and Golgi dynamics domains). Results from immunolocalization and biochemical fractionation studies suggested that PATL1 is recruited from the cytoplasm to the expanding and maturing cell plate. In vesicle-binding assays, PATL1 bound to specific phosphoinositides, important regulators of membrane trafficking, with a preference for phosphatidylinositol(5)P, phosphatidylinositol(4,5)P(2), and phosphatidylinositol(3)P. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for PATL1 in membrane-trafficking events associated with cell-plate expansion or maturation and point to the involvement of phosphoinositides in cell-plate biogenesis.
Antivirulence Activity of the Human Gut Metabolome (2014)

The mammalian gut contains a complex assembly of commensal microbes termed microbiota. Although much has been learned about the role of these microbes in health, the mechanisms underlying these functions are ill defined. We have recently shown that the mammalian gut contains thousands of small molecules, most of which are currently unidentified. Therefore, we hypothesized that these molecules function as chemical cues used by hosts and microbes during their interactions in health and disease. Thus, a search was initiated to identify molecules produced by the microbiota that are sensed by pathogens. We found that a secreted molecule produced by clostridia acts as a strong repressor of Salmonella virulence, obliterating expression of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 as well as host cell invasion. It has been known for decades that the microbiota protects its hosts from invading pathogens, and these data suggest that chemical sensing may be involved in this phenomenon. Further investigations should reveal the exact biological role of this molecule as well as its therapeutic potential. Importance: Microbes can communicate through the production and sensing of small molecules. Within the complex ecosystem formed by commensal microbes living in and on the human body, it is likely that these molecular messages are used extensively during the interactions between different microbial species as well as with host cells. Deciphering such a molecular dialect will be fundamental to our understanding of host-microbe interactions in health and disease and may prove useful for the design of new therapeutic strategies that target these mechanisms of communication.
Coupling to 1-μm silicon modulators (2002)

Optical modulation in silicon photonics is performed either via the plasma dispersion effect, or by thermal means. Both are relatively slow processes when utilized in large (multi micron) waveguide structures. However, modulators based on the plasma dispersion effect become much faster in smaller waveguides, but coupling to such waveguides is then inefficient. In this paper we discuss both the operation of small waveguide modulators and a potentially more efficient means of coupling to such waveguides. A number of design parameters of the modulators are discussed including the optimum configuration of a three terminal p-i-n diode around a rib waveguide, and the optimization of both the power efficiency and the operating speed of the device. Operating speed is theoretically increased by as much as 7400% with respect to devices in the literature. The problem of coupling to these waveguides is addressed via gratings. All work is theoretical, but sets the groundwork for subsequent fabrication.
Identification of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Proteins Recognized by the Antibody-Mediated Immune Response to a Biofilm Infection (2006)

Staphylococcus aureus causes persistent, recurrent infections (e.g., osteomyelitis) by forming biofilms. To survey the antibody-mediated immune response and identify those proteins that are immunogenic in an S. aureus biofilm infection, the tibias of rabbits were infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus to produce chronic osteomyelitis. Sera were collected prior to infection and at 14, 28, and 42 days postinfection. The sera were used to perform Western blot assays on total protein from biofilm grown in vitro and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Those proteins recognized by host antibodies in the harvested sera were identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis. Using protein from mechanically disrupted total and fractionated biofilm protein samples, we identified 26 and 22 immunogens, respectively. These included a cell surface-associated beta-lactamase, lipoprotein, lipase, autolysin, and an ABC transporter lipoprotein. Studies were also performed using microarray analyses and confirmed the biofilm-specific up-regulation of most of these genes. Therefore, although the biofilm antigens are recognized by the immune system, the biofilm infection can persist. However, these proteins, when delivered as vaccines, may be important in directing the immune system toward an early and effective antibody-mediated response to prevent chronic S. aureus infections. Previous works have identified S. aureus proteins that are immunogenic during acute infections, such as sepsis. However, this is the first work to identify these immunogens during chronic S. aureus biofilm infections and to simultaneously show the global relationship between the antigens expressed during an in vivo infection and the corresponding in vitro transcriptomic and proteomic gene expression levels.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Stroke in a Cohort of Men Born in 1913 (1987)

We analyzed parental death from stroke and other potential risk factors in relation to the incidence of stroke among 789 men, all 54 years old at the base-line examination. During 18.5 years of follow-up, 57 men (7.2 percent) had strokes. In univariate analyses, the following characteristics correlated significantly with the incidence of stroke: increased systolic (P = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001), larger waist circumference (P = 0.007), higher waist:hip ratio (P = 0.0004), increased plasma fibrinogen level (P = 0.01), and lower vital capacity (P = 0.03). In addition, men whose mothers had died of stroke had a threefold increase in their incidence of stroke as compared with men without such a maternal history (P = 0.0005). Potential risk factors for stroke that were not confirmed were body-mass index, serum cholesterol level, hematocrit, blood glucose level, smoking, coronary heart disease, electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, and a paternal history of death from stroke. In multivariate analyses, increased blood pressure, abdominal obesity, increased plasma fibrinogen level, and maternal history still correlated significantly with the risk of stroke. A maternal history of stroke should probably be added to the list of risk factors for stroke among middle-aged men.
CHARGE STORAGE MODEL FOR VARIABLE THRESHOLD FET MEMORY ELEMENT (1969)

A simple two-layer model is presented for charge storage in a MI2I1S device in which the times for charging and discharging are expressed in closed-form expressions depending on the conduction properties, the thicknesses, and the dielectric constants of the two layers. Data were taken using silicon oxide for I1 and silicon nitride for I2 which are in good agreement with the model. The model is quite general and should be valid for other insulators and other conduction mechanisms.
Can State Early Intervention Programs Meet the Increased Demand of Children Suspected of Having Autism Spectrum Disorders? (2010)

Many Early Intervention programs may not have the capability to address the expected increase in demand for ASD services. Early Intervention programs will likely need enhanced resources to provide all children with suspected ASD with appropriate evaluations and services.
Negative allosteric modulation of the mGlu7 receptor reduces visceral hypersensitivity in a stress-sensitive rat strain (2015)

Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, exerts its effect through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Of these, group III mGlu receptors (mGlu 4, 6, 7, 8) are among the least studied due to a lack of pharmacological tools. mGlu7 receptors, the most highly conserved isoform, are abundantly distributed in the brain, especially in regions, such as the amygdala, known to be crucial for the emotional processing of painful stimuli. Visceral hypersensitivity is a poorly understood phenomenon manifesting as an increased sensitivity to visceral stimuli. Glutamate has long been associated with somatic pain processing leading us to postulate that crossover may exist between these two modalities. Moreover, stress has been shown to exacerbate visceral pain. ADX71743 is a novel, centrally penetrant, negative allosteric modulator of mGlu7 receptors. Thus, we used this tool to explore the possible involvement of this receptor in the mediation of visceral pain in a stress-sensitive model of visceral hypersensitivity, namely the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. ADX71743 reduced visceral hypersensitivity in the WKY rat as exhibited by increased visceral sensitivity threshold with concomitant reductions in total number of pain behaviours. Moreover, AD71743 increased total distance and distance travelled in the inner zone of the open field. These findings show, for what is to our knowledge, the first time, that mGlu7 receptor signalling plays a role in visceral pain processing. Thus, negative modulation of the mGlu7 receptor may be a plausible target for the amelioration of stress-induced visceral pain where there is a large unmet medical need.
New Claus tail-gas process proved in German operation (1988)

A process for removing sulfur components from Claus-plant tail gases increases sulfur-recovery rates to 99.5%. It has been in use for more than 4 years. In December 1983, a tail-gas cleaning unit was started up for the sulfur-recovery plants of the Nordeutsche Erdgas Aufbereitungsgesellschaft (NEAG) natural-gas treating complex at Voigten, West Germany. NEAG, a joint venture of Exxon, Shell, and Mobil Oil, desulfurizes 7.7 million normal cu m/day (approximately 271.2 million cfd) of sour gas in three plants. Up to 1,050 tons/day of elemental sulfur are produced (Fig. 1). Mobil Oil AG developed the process which has been dubbed the Mobil direct-oxidation process (Modop).
A regularized iterative reconstruction algorithm for x-ray diffraction tomography (2012)

Material discrimination based on conventional or dual energy X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging can be ambiguous. X-ray diraction imaging (XDI) can be used to construct diraction proles of objects, providing molecular signature information that can be used to characterize the presence of specic materials. Combining X-ray CT and diraction imaging can lead to enhanced detection and identication of explosives in luggage screening. Current XDI scan systems are based on direct imaging rather than tomographic imaging, which require the use of line collimators to localize scattering location and thus result in slow scan performance. In an eort to gain faster scan times and better signal-to-noise ratio, we focus on tomographic inversion techniques for X-ray Diraction Tomography (XDT) and look for joint reconstruction of CT absorption and X-ray diraction prole images of object. We present a fast reconstruction algorithm with geometric feature preserving regularization (IREP) using image-wise based iterative coordinate descent (ICD).We validate the initial results via Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray absorption and coherent scattering in 2 dimensions (2D), and compare the performance of the IREP algorithm with existing inversion techniques such as the ltered backprojection method and the algebraic reconstruction technique. The experimental results show that the IREP method oers improved image quality for enhanced material identication.