gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High wavenumber convection in tall porous containers heated from below (1997)

In this paper we consider convection in a high-aspect-ratio porous container which is heated from below and whose sidewalls are insulated. This paper presents asymptotic analyses of weakly nonlinear and highly nonlinear convection in the limit of large wavenumber, a. When a is O(1), strongly nonlinear convection must be analysed using fully numerical methods, though, when a is large, some progress can be made using asymptotic methods without recourse to a direct simulation of the full governing equations. The onset of convection is given by the usual linear stability analysis for the Darcy-Bénard problem, and the critical Rayleigh number is given by Rc ˜ a2 at leading order. As the Rayleigh number increases there are three nonlinear asymptotic regimes which may be considered, the first of which yields the familiar weakly nonlinear flow. In this regime, for which R — Rc is asymptotically small, the weakly nonlinear evolution is given by the solution of a cubic Landau equation for the amplitude. When R — Rc = O(1), the second regime, the flow is characterized by the fact that the mean correction to the temperature profile and the first harmonic appear at the same order in the asymptotic expansion. The amplitude of convection is now found to be given by an integro-differential equation and numerical solutions indicate that when R — Rc is large boundary layers develop at the top and the bottom of the container. The final regime emerges when R is so large that it is of size R $ O(a). The flow then separates into three distinct domains: two boundary layers form, one at either end of the container, and a core flow exists in the interior. These flows are given by a singular perturbation analysis and the equations describing the boundary layer flow constitute a nonlinear eigenvalue problem which requires numerical solution.
Semantic Interoperabilit y HL7 Ve rsion 3C ompared to Advanced Architecture Standards (2006)

Objectives: To meet the challenge for high quality and efficient care, highly specialized and distributed healthcare establishments have to communicate and co-operate in a semantically interoperable way. Information and communication technology must be open, flexible, scalable, knowledge-based and service-oriented as well as secure and safe. Methods: For enabling semantic interoperability, a unified process for defining and implementing the architecture, i.e. structure and functions of the cooperating systems’ components, as well as the approach for knowledge representation, i.e. the used information and its interpretation, algorithms, etc. have to be defined in a harmonized way. Deploying the Generic Component Model, systems and their components, underlying concepts and applied constraints must be formally modeled, strictly separating platform-independent from platform-specific models. Results: As HL7 Version 3 claims to represent the most successful standard for semantic interoperability, HL7 has been analyzed regarding the requirements for model-driven, service-oriented design of semantic interoperable information systems, thereby moving from a communication to an architecture paradigm. The approach is compared with advanced architectural approaches for information systems such as OMG’s CORBA 3 or EHR systems such as GEHR /openEHR and CEN EN 13606 Electronic Health Record Communication. Conclusion: HL7 Version 3 is maturing towards an architectural approach for semantic interoperability. Despite current differences, there is a close collaboration between the teams involved guaranteeing a convergence between competing approaches.
The use of a neural network to determine tissue optical properties from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurements (1992)

The authors report a novel application of a neural network to perform curve fitting to simulated experimental data, obviating the need for lengthy non-linear least-squares fitting procedures. This application arose in the non-invasive determination of tissue optical properties, namely the transport scattering coefficient, mu 's and the absorption coefficient, mu a. This problem is relevant in clinical applications such as photodynamic therapy of cancer where the optical properties are used for the calculation of light fluence distributions in tissue, and for measuring the concentration of endogenous or exogenous chromophores. One approach to determine this optical coefficients noninvasively is to use a pencil beam of light to irradiate the tissue and to measure the multiply scattered light remitted from the tissue at different radial distances, rho , from the pencil beam on the tissue surface.
Ordering Transitions Triggered by Specific Binding of Vesicles to Protein-Decorated Interfaces of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals (2012)

We report that specific binding of ligand-functionalized (biotinylated) phospholipid vesicles (diameter = 120 ± 19 nm) to a monolayer of proteins (streptavidin or anti-biotin antibody) adsorbed at an interface between an aqueous phase and an immiscible film of a thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) [nematic 4'-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB)] triggers a continuous orientational ordering transition (continuous change in the tilt) in the LC. Results presented in this paper indicate that, following the capture of the vesicles at the LC interface via the specific binding interaction, phospholipids are transferred from the vesicles onto the LC interface to form a monolayer, reorganizing and partially displacing proteins from the LC interface. The dynamics of this process are accelerated substantially by the specific binding event relative to a protein-decorated interface of a LC that does not bind the ligands presented by the vesicles. The observation of the continuous change in the ordering of the LC, when combined with other results presented in this paper, is significant, as it is consistent with the presence of suboptical domains of proteins and phospholipids on the LC interface. An additional significant hypothesis that emerges from the work reported in this paper is that the ordering transition of the LC is strongly influenced by the bound state of the protein adsorbed on the LC interface, as evidenced by the influence on the LC of (i) "crowding" of the protein within a monolayer formed at the LC interface and (ii) aging of the proteins on the LC interface. Overall, these results demonstrate that ordering transitions in LCs can be used to provide fundamental insights into the competitive adsorption of proteins and lipids at oil-water interfaces and that LC ordering transitions have the potential to be useful for reporting specific binding events involving vesicles and proteins.
Presence of Antibodies against Self Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Hepatitis (2014)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can arise de novo after liver transplantation (LT) for non-autoimmune liver diseases. Considering the identical features of de novo AIH after LT and classical AIH, as well as the importance of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in graft rejection, we investigated the presence of circulating anti-HLA class II antibodies in the sera of 35 patients with AIH, 30 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and 30 healthy donors using fluorescent dye-impregnated beads bound to HLA molecules. We then investigated the allele specificity of the antibodies and identified the HLA alleles in each patient using DNA-based HLA typing. We also examined HLA class II expression in liver samples using immunohistochemistry. Anti-HLA class II antibodies were detected significantly more frequently in the patients with AIH (88.1%) than in the patients with PBC (33.3%) or in the healthy donors (13.3%) (both P <0.01). We confirmed that the anti-HLA class II antibodies in the AIH patients showed specificity for several HLA class II alleles, including self HLA class II alleles. Moreover, positive reactivity with anti-self HLA class II antibodies was associated with higher serum transaminase levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that antibodies against self HLA class II alleles were detectable in patients with AIH. Our results suggest that an antibody-mediated immune response against HLA class II molecules on hepatocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis or acceleration of liver injury in AIH.
B1-Phytoprostanes Trigger Plant Defense and Detoxification Responses  (2004)

Phytoprostanes are prostaglandin/jasmonate-like products of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation that not only occur ubiquitously in healthy plants but also increase in response to oxidative stress. In this work, we show that the two naturally occurring B(1)-phytoprostanes (PPB(1)) regioisomers I and II (each comprising two enantiomers) are short-lived stress metabolites that display a broad spectrum of biological activities. Gene expression analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell cultures treated with PPB(1)-I or -II revealed that both regioisomers triggered a massive detoxification and defense response. Interestingly, expression of several glutathione S-transferases, glycosyl transferases, and putative ATP-binding cassette transporters was found to be increased by one or both PPB(1) regioisomers, and hence, may enhance the plant's capacity to inactivate and sequester reactive products of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, pretreatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells with PPB(1) considerably prevented cell death caused by severe CuSO(4) poisoning. Several Arabidopsis genes induced by PPB(1), such as those coding for adenylylsulfate reductase, tryptophan synthase beta-chain, and PAD3 pointed to an activation of the camalexin biosynthesis pathway that indeed led to the accumulation of camalexin in PPB(1) treated leaves of Arabidopsis. Stimulation of secondary metabolism appears to be a common plant reaction in response to PPB(1). In three different plant species, PPB(1)-II induced a concentration dependent accumulation of phytoalexins that was comparable to that induced by methyl jasmonate. PPB(1)-I was much weaker active or almost inactive. No differences were found between the enantiomers of each regioisomer. Thus, results suggest that PPB(1) represent stress signals that improve plants capacity to cope better with a variety of stresses.
A functional XPNPEP2 promoter haplotype leads to reduced plasma aminopeptidase P and increased risk of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema (2011)

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are widely used antihypertensive agents that are associated with a potentially life-threatening reaction, ACEi-angioedema. Impaired metabolism of bradykinin and des-Arg(9) -bradykinin by aminopeptidase P (APP) is a key contributor to ACEi-angioedema. This study aimed to characterize the genetic regulation of the XPNPEP2 gene and identify the genetic factors contributing to variance in plasma APP activity and ACEi-angioedema. Additive genetic factors accounted for 47.3% of variance in plasma APP activity in healthy individuals. Nested deletion analysis identified the minimal promoter (-338 bp to -147 bp) and an enhancer region (-2,502 bp to -2,238 bp). Three polymorphisms (c.-2399C>A, c.-1612G>T, and c.-393G>A) were significantly associated with plasma APP activity. Haplotype ATG was significantly associated with reduced reporter gene activity and with reduced plasma APP activity. The c.-2399C>A polymorphism was located in an enhancer region and was predicted to differentially bind hepatic nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Over expression of HNF4 increased the activation of haplotype ATG compared with haplotype CGG. In a case control study of subjects with a history of ACEi-angioedema, haplotype ATG was significantly associated with ACEi-angioedema (OR 4.87 [1.78-13.35] P = 0.002). The ATG haplotype is functional and contributes to ACEi-angioedema through a reduction in APP.
Acoustic Waves in Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals With Reticular Geometric Structures (2011)

Previous studies on photonic crystals raise the exciting topic of phononic crystals. This paper presents the results of tunable band gaps in the acoustic waves of two-dimensional phononic crystals with reticular geometric structures using the 2D and 3D finite element methods. This paper calculates and discusses the band gap variations of the bulk modes due to different sizes of reticular geometric structures. Results show that adjusting the orientation of the reticular geometric structures can increase or decrease the total elastic band gaps for mixed polarization modes. The band gap phenomena of elastic or acoustic waves can potentially be utilized to achieve vibration-free, high-precision mechanical systems, and sound insulation.
Methanosarcina mutant unable to produce methane or assimilate carbon from acetate (1985)

Mutants of Methanosarcina barkeri 227 resistant to monofluoroacetate were isolated from monofluoroacetate-treated cultures. Mutant strain FAr9 was 100 times more resistant to monofluoroacetate than the wild-type strain and was deficient in carbon uptake and CH4 and CO2 production from methyl-labeled acetate. Methanol was assimilated at increased levels. Strain FAr9 was unable to shift from using methanol to using acetate for growth and exhibited increased sensitivity to growth inhibition by NaCN in methanol-containing complex medium. Unlike parent strain 227, acetate addition to methanol-containing media did not prevent NaCN inhibition. The specific activities of enzymes of exogenous acetate assimilation, CO dehydrogenase, and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were similar for mutant and parent strain cell extracts. Mutation to monofluoroacetate resistance did not confer simultaneous resistance to 2-bromoethanesulfonate or pyruvate or alter propionate uptake. We conclude that strain FAr9 is either an acetate permeability mutant or is defective in an activation step required for the catabolism and anabolism of acetate.
Synthesis of Dibenzo [a, d] cycloheptenylacetic Acids (1981)

10, 11-Dihydro-10-oxo-5H-dibenzo [a, d] cycloheptenylacetic acids (2a-c) and 11-oxo analogs (2d-f) were prepared from the corresponding diphenylmethanediacetic acids by cyclization. 2-(10, 11-Dihydro-11-oxo-5H-dibenzo [a, d] cyclohepten-2-yl) propionic acid was also prepared from its acetic acid derivative (2e) in four steps. Their antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic effects were examined. Some of them showed potent antiinflammatory activity in carrageenin rat paw edema and weaker effect than indomethacin in causing gastrointestinal lesions.
M^2 factor of Bessel–Gauss beams (1997)

We derive the analytical expression of the M(2) factor of a Bessel-Gauss beam of any order and discuss its behavior for high and low values of the width of the Gaussian profile. The case of unapertured Bessel beams can be treated as a limiting case of our analysis.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE: COMMODITY OR STRATEGIC TOOL? A DIAGNOSIS OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ACCOUNTING FIRMS (2010)

This study was aimed at verifying how the accounting firms that elaborate the accounting records of micro and small Brazilian companies utilize information systems in the development of their activities, by questioning if the application software they adopt is regarded as commodities or as strategic tools able to create a competitive differential. It was an explanatory research with data collection through the application of questionnaires to eighty accounting firms based in the city of Belo Horizonte, twenty of which completed the questionnaire properly. It was found that 95% of the surveyed accounting firms regard their application software as essential to the infra-structure of their organizations, and 60% also view such software as a competitive differential. It is worthwhile highlighting that 80% of the respondents utilize the same application software, being the main reason for its purchase the cost x benefit brought by the system. Therefore, it could be concluded that the utilized software is seen as a commodity since it does not present a differentiated way when it comes to the management of the accounting firms.
The Anthropologist as Obstetrician: Childbirth Observed and Childbirth Experienced (1995)

En reponse a A. Gottlieb, anthropologue qui avait decrit son accouchement et critique l'obstetrique americaine, l'A. explique la necessite des soins obstetriciens qui permettent de sauver des vies. Il critique l'analyse de Levy-Strauss concernant le chant chamanique des Cuna, chant qui accompagne les accouchements difficiles. Si la femme avait connu un « travail obstrue », elle n'aurait pu survivre, l'intervention chirurgicale etant indispensable mais rien ne dit qu'un chant ne peut aider un « travail dysfonctionnel »
Technologies and Architectures for Multimedia-Support in Wireless Sensor Network (2010)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology in the area of sensory and distributed computing. A WSN consists of many, theoretically up to some thousand or even millions of sensor nodes. A sensor node is generally defined as a cheap and small piece of hardware, which consists of four main units: • One or more sensors that detect physical phenomena. Common sensors monitor scalar values of temperature, pressure, humidity, light intensity, etc. • The sensor is coupled with a data processing unit. The latter controls sensing, application logic and network transfer. It receives data from the sensors as well as it can filter (e.g. thresholding), compress or correlate data from a series of measurement. The network structure, the communication process and the power management of the node are also organized by the processing unit. • The data’s wireless transmission is provided by a communication interface. Most nodes’ transfer is usually based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard because of the low power consumption of this transfer technology and the availability of low cost radios. • For every operational electronic system an energy source is needed. Although significant progress has been achieved in the area of energy harvesting, today’s standard power supply for sensor nodes is still the battery. Generally sensor nodes are designed to be widely spread without pre-configuration. A sink, also called a base station, is normally an embedded or a personal computer which is configured to collect, save or react according to the data. The network between the nodes and the sink is built dynamically and is considered to be self-organizing.
Spiderweb: A social mobile network (2010)

Social networking sites obtained a great success in the last years. Their popularity is related to changing lifestyles, where people increasingly look for new acquaintances or cultivate old friendships by means of the Internet, typically using a PC. Yet along with the rapidly increasing amount of mobile phone users, as well as the development of so-called smart phones, the possibility for creating similar services for mobiles arises. Importantly, the mobile phones are not just entry points to existing social networks with their centralized architectures; being mobile offers one more degree of freedom. However, mobile social network services are unquestionably limited by mobile phones weaknesses (e.g. small screen, keyboards), so several challenges are necessary to be addressed. Consequently, in this paper we analyze usability and user satisfaction of mobile social networks. Thus, a mobile social network application called Spiderweb is implemented and used as a test case. Spiderweb provides to the users an opportunity to make acquaintances, search for people on the basis of certain criteria, chat, view profiles of other users, and with numerous other possibilities. Yet the application not only offers the mobile phone users services similar to social networks available on the web. Spiderweb moves beyond this concept, also giving an opportunity to interact with other users through Bluetooth connectivity. Thus, the application enables establishment of spontaneous collaborative networks which are further explored and evaluated in this paper.
EFFECTS OF CONCURRENT OZONE EXPOSURE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA IN B6C3F 1 MICE (2002)

Episodic elevation of air pollutants may exacerbate respiratory distress associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet few experiments have been performed to determine how continuously polluted atmospheres may contribute to the etiology of COPD, in general and pulmonary emphysema in particular. This study describes the effects of concurrent exposure to ozone (O(3)) in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema in the mouse. Female B6C3F1 mice were whole-body exposed either to filtered air (FA) or to mainstream CS at a concentration of 250 mg total particulate material/m(3) for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 15 or 32 wk. Concurrently, mice were exposed either to FA or to O(3) at 0.3 ppm for 8 h/night, 5 nights/wk for the same time periods. At necropsy, mouse lungs were lavaged, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for inflammatory cell numbers, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, superoxide production by isolated alveolar macrophages, glutathione content, inflammatory cytokines, and proteolytic activity. Other lungs were inflated at constant pressure for 6 h with formalin for fixation, routine histopathology, and stereology. After 32 wk of exposure, CS with or without concurrent O(3) exposure produced stereologic evidence of emphysema as previously described. Concurrent O(3) exposure did not worsen any of these parameters, nor did O(3) by itself cause stereologic changes that were consistent with emphysema. The O(3) exposure caused only slight elevations of BALF macrophages, while CS exposure caused marked increases in the numbers of both BALF macrophages and neutrophils. Neutrophils in the BALF in response to CS exposure were also more numerous at 32 wk than at 15 wk. Exposure to CS caused an increase in BALF total protein, LDH, AP, and interleukin (IL)-1beta. After 32 wk, CS exposure was associated with decreased superoxide production from isolated alveolar macrophages. The CS exposure elevated BALF total glutathione primarily at 15 wk. Overall, O(3) had little effect on endpoints that were significantly affected by CS exposure. We conclude that concurrent O(3) exposure has no effect on the induction of emphysema by CS in this animal model.
The Treatment of Pain Following Photorefractive Keratectomy (1994)

The most effective management of the pain that follows excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) appears to be the use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. A bandage contact lens for 2 days after photorefractive keratectomy is additive to pain relief. The helpfulness of patching was not confirmed. Surprisingly, drops of local anesthetic were not an efficacious means of managing the pain. This was possibly because they were not used frequently enough. The findings showed trends, but were not statistically significant.