gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular arrays of magnetic sensors for current measurement (2001)

A single solid-state magnetic sensor can measure a current flowing in a conductor in a noncontact way. In order to improve the accuracy of the measuring system and to reduce the crosstalk effects of other magnetic fields, circular arrays of magnetic sensors can be fabricated, still preserving low costs. In those kind of arrays, the sensing elements are assembled on a circle around the conductor. The sum of the sensor output signals is an approximation of Ampere's circulation. A quite satisfactory crosstalk effects reduction can be thus achieved. More sophisticated algorithms that combine sensor output signals are necessary in order to further reduce crosstalk effects. This paper presents an algorithm that is able to calculate the intensity of a dc current flowing in a rectangular bus-bar, in the presence of crosstalk fields.
<i>Helicobacter pylori picB</i>, a homologue of the <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> toxin secretion protein, is required for induction of IL‐8 in gastric epithelial cells (1995)

Approximately 60% of Helicobacter pylori strains are cagA+ and this genotype is more frequently associated with duodenal ulcer disease. Although most wild-type cagA+ strains are both cytotoxigenic and induce enhanced Interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion in gastric epithelial cells, isogenic cagA- mutants retain full activity in these assays; thus, cagA appears to be a marker of enhanced virulence. Delineation of the nucleotide sequence of a 4 kb region upstream of cagA allowed the identification of 966 bp (picA) and 2655 bp (picB) open reading frames encoding 36 kDa and 101 kDa polypeptides, respectively. picA and picB constitute an operon in opposite orientation to cagA. The deduced picB product showed significant homology (26% identity and 50% similarity) with the Bordetella pertussis toxin secretion protein (PtlC). Of 55 H. pylori clinical isolates, the picA and picB segment was conserved exclusively in cagA+ strains and present in all isolates from patients with duodenal ulceration, versus 59% of isolates from patients with gastritis alone (P = 0.01). Using gene-replacement techniques, we constructed picA and picB mutant H. pylori strains and demonstrated that the picB gene product is involved in the induction of IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Further, Northern blot hybridization and RT-PCR data showed that picA and picB are co-transcribed and an insertional mutation in picA ablates picB expression. These studies indicate a role of picA and picB in the induction of an inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells either directly or by enabling secretion of an unidentified product, and suggest a mechanism for the overrepresentation of strains possessing these genes in patients with peptic ulceration.
The Meaning of Shopping Experiences Augmented By Mobile Internet Devices (2014)

The present study is a qualitative investigation of the lived experiences of shoppers who incorporate mobile Internet devices (MIDs) into shopping activities. Shoppers were found to utilize MIDs as tools to assist with shopping management and social management behaviors, which combined to provide hedonic shopping experiences with emotional benefit to the shopper. A framework is presented that describes extrinsic (product information, trust, and economics) and intrinsic (security and empowerment) motivators.
Pretreatment with Prasugrel in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (2013)

Among patients with NSTE acute coronary syndromes who were scheduled to undergo catheterization, pretreatment with prasugrel did not reduce the rate of major ischemic events up to 30 days but increased the rate of major bleeding complications. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo and Eli Lilly; ACCOAST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01015287.).
Mantas de CFRP no confinamento de elementos de betão submetidos a compressão (2003)

Para aumentar a resistência e a capacidade de absorção de energia de elementos de betão submetidos a compressão, provetes cilíndricos de betão de 150 mm de diâmetro e 300 mm de altura foram confinados com faixas de manta de fibras de carbono. Foram aplicados diversos arranjos de confinamento, de forma a avaliar a influência da largura e do número de faixas, bem como do número de camadas por faixa, no aumento quer da resistência à compressão, quer da ductilidade do betão. Os principais resultados obtidos são apresentados e analisados.
A Framework for Topic Generation and Labeling from MOOC Discussions (2016)

This study proposes a standardised open framework to automatically generate and label discussion topics from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). The proposed framework expects to overcome the issues experienced by MOOC participants and teaching staff in locating and navigating their information needs effectively. We analysed two MOOCs -- Machine Learning and Statistics: Making Sense of Data offered during 2013 and obtained statistically significant results for automated topic labeling. However, more experiments with additional MOOCs from different MOOC platforms are necessary to generalise our findings.
Differential Space-Time Ultra-Wideband Communications (2006)

In this paper, we present two space-time schemes for exploiting diversity in multi-antenna impulse radio ultra wide-band (IR-UWB) systems when neither the transmitter nor the receiver has access to channel state information. The first scheme encodes the pulses of the same data symbol by a combination of differential phase shift keying and permutation codes and can be associated with any number of transmit and receive antennas. The second scheme encodes different symbols with two transmit antennas. These schemes are associated with Rake receivers and achieve full spatial and multi-path diversity with no data rate loss for constant-modulus multi-dimensional constellations. Adaptive versions of these schemes are also presented and shown to approach the performance of coherent receivers in stationary indoor channels.
From Sensor Networks to Internet of Things. Bluetooth Low Energy, a Standard for This Evolution (2017)

Current sensor networks need to be improved and updated to satisfy new essential requirements of the Internet of Things, where cutting-edge applications will appear. These requirements are: total coverage, zero fails (high performance), scalability and sustainability (hardware and software). We are going to evaluate Bluetooth Low Energy as wireless transmission technology and as the ideal candidate for these improvements, due to its low power consumption, its low cost radio chips and its ability to communicate with users directly, using their smartphones or smartbands. However, this technology is relatively recent, and standard network topologies are not able to fulfil its new requirements. To address these shortcomings, the implementation of other more flexible topologies (as the mesh topology) will be very interesting. After studying it in depth, we have identified certain weaknesses, for example, specific devices are needed to provide network scalability, and the need to choose between high performance or sustainability. In this paper, after presenting the studies carried out on these new technologies, we propose a new packet format and a new BLE mesh topology, with two different configurations: <i>Individual Mesh</i> and <i>Collaborative Mesh</i>. Our results show how this topology improves the scalability, sustainability, coverage and performance.
VCM controller design with enhanced disturbance decoupling for precise automated manufacturing processes (2012)

In this study, a controller design of a voice coil motor (VCM) with enhanced disturbance rejection (or disturbance input decoupling) performance, especially for precise automated manufacturing processes, is proposed. The proposed disturbance decoupling strategies are twofold: (1) a dynamic stiffness-enhanced position-velocity controller and (2) state-filter-based disturbance input decoupling in a force control mode. First, a state-feedback style position-velocity controller is designed to meet tracking requirements and improve disturbance rejection in VCM control. In this control structure, the conflict in requirements between command tracking and disturbance rejection can be considerably alleviated. This design property provides powerful insights into achieving precise position control. To enhance the force control accuracy, a disturbance state filter for force control is also applied to estimate and compensate for the varying dynamics of VCM systems, such as non-linearly variable loads and other uncertainties. The state filter estimation accuracy in the presence of system parameter errors is fully analysed. In addition, both disturbance decoupling methods are computationally efficient and robust to other parameter errors. The proposed algorithms are implemented in a developed VCM actuator and verified to be appropriate for a VCM drive system with unknown disturbances.
<title>Electron-multiplying CCD technology: application to ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules</title> (2002)

A novel Charge Coupled Device (CCD) has been commercially produced by Marconi Applied Technology, UK under the trade name of L3Vision, incorporating a solid-state electron multiplying structure based on the Impact Ionization phenomenon in silicon. Here we review this technology, and evaluate the first electron multiplying CCD camera, in particular using it to image weak emissions form microtitre plates. A theoretical model was constructed to predict S/N and Z-factor performances, which were compared to actual measurements, verifying that a greater than one order of magnitude improvement can be achieved over conventional CCDs. The demonstrations of remarkable sensitivity enhancement presented here are discussed in terms of the EMCCD camera's suitability for use in life sciences applications such as High-Throughput Screening (HTS), and other approaches requiring ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules, including Single Molecule Detection.
Replicate Histograms (1996)

Abstract The “replicate histogram” is introduced as a simple diagnostic tool for describing the sampling distribution of a general statistic. It can be applied to virtually any statistic that has an asymptotic distribution, and the data on which the statistic is computed may be serially or spatially dependent. The method is completely sample based, requiring no theoretical analysis by the user, no knowledge of the proper standardization for the statistic, and no specification of the underlying dependence mechanism generating the data. The replicate histogram warns the user of nonnormal sampling distributions and also indicates the type of departure from normality (e.g., skewness, peakedness). In the case of spatially dependent data, the statistic may be computed on observations from irregularly shaped index sets. Large-sample validity of the replicate histogram is established via strong consistency results, which are proved under mild conditions for both the time series and random field cases. Numerical examples are presented illustrating the diagnostic power of the replicate histogram for time series and spatial data sets. The bias, variance, and mean squared error performance of the replicate histogram are analyzed via second-order theory.
The Overlay Tester (OT): Comparison with Other Crack Test Methods and Recommendation for Surrogate Crack Tests (2013)

Presently, one of the principal performance concerns of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements is premature cracking, particularly of HMA surfacing mixes. Regrettably, however, while many U.S. transportation agencies have implemented design-level tests to measure the rutting potential of HMA mixes; there is hardly any standardized national design-level test for measuring and characterizing the HMA cracking resistance potential. Currently, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses the Overlay Tester (OT) to routinely evaluate the cracking susceptibility of HMA mixes in the laboratory. While the OT effectively simulates the reflective cracking mechanism of opening and closing of joints and/or cracks, repeatability and variability in the test results have been major areas of concern. As an effort towards addressing these repeatability/variability issues, this laboratory study was undertaken, namely to: 1) conduct a comprehensive sensitivity evaluation of the OT test procedure so as to improve its repeatability and minimize variability in the OT test results; 2) recommend updates and modifications to the Tex-248-F specification including development of OT calibration and service maintenance manuals; 3) explore other alternative OT data analysis methods; 4) comparatively evaluate and explore other crack test methods (both in monotonic and dynamic loading modes) that could serve as supplementary and/or surrogate tests to the OT test method; and 5) develop new crack test procedures, specifications, and technical implementation recommendations. As documented in this report, the scope of work to accomplish these objectives included evaluating the following crack test methods: 1) the standard OT repeated (OTR, Tex-248-F) and monotonic loading OT test (OTM); 2) the monotonic indirect-tension (IDT) and repeated loading IDT (R-IDT) test; 3) the monotonic semi-circular bending (SCB) and repeated loading SCB (R-SCB) test; 4) the disk-shaped compaction tension test (DSCTT); and 5) the monotonic direct-tension (DT) and repeated loading DT (R-DT) tests.
Dietary fiber. (1987)

Studies done on dietary fiber (DF) over the past five years are presented in this Review. The involvement of dietary fiber in the control of plasma glucose and lipid levels is now established. Two dietary fiber sources (soybean and fenugreek) were studied in our laboratory and are discussed herein. These sources were found to be potentially beneficial in the reduction of plasma glucose in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus subjects. They are shown to be acceptable by human subjects and are easy to use either in a mixture of milk products and in cooking. The mechanism by which dietary fiber alters the nutrient absorption is also discussed. The effect of DF on gastric emptying, transit time, adsorption and glucose transport may contribute to reducing plasma glucose and lipid levels. DF was found to be effective in controlling blood glucose and lipid levels of pregnant diabetic women. Dietary fiber may also be potentially beneficial in the reduction of exogenous insulin requirements in these subjects. However, increased consumption of DF may cause adverse side effects; the binding capabilities of fiber may affect nutrient availability, particularly that of minerals and prolonged and high DF dosage supplementation must be regarded cautiously. This is particularly true when recommending such a diet for pregnant or lactating women, children or subjects with nutritional disorders. Physiological effects of DF appear to depend heavily on the source and composition of fiber. Using a combination of DF from a variety of sources may reduce the actual mass of fiber required to obtain the desired metabolic effects and will result in a more palatable diet. Previously observed problems, such as excess flatus, diarrhea and mineral malabsorption would also be minimized.
Modification and processing of Bacillus licheniformis prepenicillinase in Escherichia coli. Fate of mutant penicillinase lacking lipoprotein modification site. (1984)

We have previously shown that Bacillus licheniformis prepenicillinase is modified and processed to form membrane-bound penicillinase in Escherichia coli which contains N-acylglyceride-cysteine27 at the NH2 terminus. In the present study, we have constructed, by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis, two mutant penicillinase genes in which the modification site (the 27th cysteine residue in prepenicillinase) is either converted into serine (penPSer27) or is deleted along with the preceding four residues (Ala23 to Cys27, delta penP2327). The modification, processing, and subcellular localization of these two mutant penicillinases in E. coli cells were studied. Our results indicate that the delta penP2327 deletion mutant prepenicillinase is largely metabolically inert and the unmodified and uncleaved form is associated with the membrane fraction; a small fraction (about 7-9%) appears to contain glyceride-modified prepenicillinase (presumably at the Cys-21 position) which is not cleaved. In contrast, the Cys-27 in equilibrium Ser-27 point mutant prepenicillinase is processed into two forms which contain Asn-29 and Ser-35 at their NH2 termini, respectively, and the bulk of the processed penicillinase appears to be located in the peri-plasm. These results are discussed in terms of the substrate specificities of signal peptidases in E. coli.
Analysis of transverse mode competition and selection in multicore fiber lasers (2005)

We present an analysis of the transverse supermode competition mechanism in multicore fiber lasers based on rate equations extended to fibers with multiple cores. The model is used to analyze 7-core and 19-core fiber lasers with three commonly used feedback mechanisms as boundary conditions: butt-contact mirror or fiber Bragg grating, Talbot cavity, and collimating lens plus mirror. For the two last-named cases, different feedback (reflection) factors for different modes result from the diffraction effect. The diffraction effect favors the in-phase supermode. Because of mode mixing, a pure in-phase supermode is not obtained. However, for the 7-core fiber laser the in-phase mode can dominate the output.
A Generalized PERT/CPM Implementation in a Spreadsheet (2001)

This paper describes the implementation of the traditional PERT/CPM algorithm for finding the critical path in a project network in a spreadsheet. The problem is of importance due to the recent shift of attention to using the spreadsheet environment as a vehicle for delivering MS/OR techniques to end-users.
Effect of Temperature on the Production of Free Organic Acids during Kimchi Fermentation (1993)

The production of free non-volatile and volatile organic acids in Kimchi during fermentations at 30, 20 and , were determined by gas chromatography. The order in the amount of non-volatile organic acid, soon after preparation, was malic, citric, tartaric, pyroglutamic, oxalic, lactic, succinic and acids. The major non-volatile acids at the optimum ripening time were malic, tartaric, citric and lactic acids, and as the temperature was lowered, the amount of lactic, succinic, oxalic, pyroglutamic and fumaric acids increased, while that of malic and tartaric acids decreased. The order in the amount of volatile acids at the beginning was acetic, butyric, propionic and formic acids. Among these acids, acetic acid was significantly increased in its amount during fermentation and the Kimchi fermented at low temperature produced more acetic acid than that fermented at high temperature.
ATMR: ring architecture for broadband networks (2002)

A shared-medium networking approach based on an asynchronous transfer mode ring (ATMR) scheme is proposed for constructing broadband networks such as high-speed local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and access networks for broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDNs). The ATMR, providing distributed ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switching capability throughout a ring network topology, consists primarily of counter-rotating dual slotted rings. The functional requirements for broadband access networks are discussed, followed by a description of ATMR technical features, including protocols, networking, and access node system architecture. Laboratory prototypes of the ATMR hardware architecture have been designed to confirm the feasibility of its protocol and system architectural concepts. A prototype ATMR protocol function, having a 156-Mb/s cell stream and a minimum cell header processing delay, was fabricated on a ring access control LSI chip using BiCMOS LSI technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
First Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with resistance to cefixime causing gonorrhoea treatment failure in Austria, 2011 (2011)

We describe the first cefixime-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain in Austria that caused treatment failure.It follows the first five cases in Europe of cefixime treatment failure, reported in Norway in 2010 and the United Kingdom in 2011. Effective treatment of gonorrhoea is crucial for public health control and, at present, requires substantially enhanced awareness, more frequent test-of-cure, interaction with experts after therapeutic failure, tracing and therapy of contacts, and surveillance of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance and treatment failures worldwide.
Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Chemistry, and Applications (2009)

PREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. INTRODUCTION: NOMENCLATURE OF POLYFLUORINATED HETEROCYCLES. PART I SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF FLUORINATED HETEROCYCLES. 1 Fluorinated Three-Membered Ring Heterocycles ( David M. Lemal and Sudharsanam Ramanathan). 2 Fluorinated Four-Membered Heterocycles ( Roman B. Larichev and Viacheslav A. Petrov). 3 Fluorinated Five-Membered Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles ( Kenneth L. Kirk). 4 Fluorinated Five-Membered Heterocycles Containing Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Phosphorus ( Yuriy Shermolovich). 5 Synthesis of Fluorinated Sugars from Fluorine-Containing Synthons ( Xiao-Long Qiu and Feng-Ling Qing). 6 Synthesis of Ring-Fluorinated Pyridines ( Anatoliy M. Shestopalov, Alexander A. Shestopalov, Lyudmila A. Rodinovskaya, and Anna V. Gromova). 7 Synthesis and Chemical Transformation of Six-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Containing Perfluoroalkyl Groups ( Viacheslav A. Petrov). 8 Perfluorinated Six-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Containing One or More Heteroatom ( Graham Sandford). 9 Perfluorinated Nonaromatic Heterocycles ( Viacheslav A. Petrov). 10 Seven-Membered and Larger Ring-Fluorinated Heterocycles ( Viacheslav A. Petrov). PART II APPLICATION OF FLUORINATED HETEROCYCLIC MATERIALS. 11 Agricultural Products Based on Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds ( Wonpyo Hong). 12 Pharmaceuticals Containing Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds ( Kenji Uneyama and Kenji Sasaki). 13 Practical Uses of Fluorinated Heterocycles ( Paul R. Resnick). Index.