gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithium-Chlorine Battery (1966)

Requirements for a high energy density, high power density electrochemical energy conversion device have led to the study of a lithium‐chlorine battery. The system operates at 650°C using molten electrolyte. Several cells have been assembled and measurements of the open‐circuit voltage, electrode polarization and coulombic efficiency are reported. The chlorine electrode, made of porous carbon or graphite, was found to be the main source of polarization. Limiting currents were determined and these have been compared with theoretical estimates based on a model for the porous electrode. The model differs fundamentally from those used with aqueous electrolytes since fused does not wet graphite, and hence little or no penetration of electrolyte into the pores occurs.
Serotonin and pain: evidence that activation of 5-HT1A receptors does not elicit antinociception against noxious thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli in mice (1994)

In this study, we examined whether activation of 5-HT1A receptors elicits antinociception in response to acute noxious chemical, thermal and mechanical stimuli in mice. In the writhing test, both agonists (e.g., 8-OH-DPAT, S 14671 and WY 50,324) and partial agonists (e.g., buspirone and gepirone) elicited a pronounced antinociception. However, antagonists (e.g., (-)-alprenolol and WAY 100,135) also induced antinociception and, at lower (inactive) doses, failed to modify the action of agonists. In addition, the separation between doses required for induction of antinociception as compared to those required for induction of ataxia (in the rotarod test) was variable and low for both agonists (median: 1.9) and partial agonists (median: 1.3), although it was somewhat greater for antagonists (> or = 3.3). In the hot-plate test, only certain agonists (e.g., 8-OH-DPAT) and partial agonists (e.g., gepirone) elicited antinociception and their actions were not attenuated by 5-HT1A antagonists which, themselves, were inactive in this paradigm. The 5-HT1C/2 antagonist, ritanserin, the 5-HT3 antagonist, ondansetron, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, raclopride, and the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, were also ineffective in modifying the antinociception evoked by 5-HT1A agonists and partial agonists in the hot-plate test. In contrast, their actions were strongly attenuated by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan. In the tail-flick tests to noxious heat and noxious pressure, 5-HT1A receptor agonists, partial agonists and antagonists generally failed to induce antinociception. Moreover, modulation of stimulus intensity (from very weak to very intense) did not reveal any influence upon the latency to respond. In conclusion, in the writhing test, the data provide no evidence for a specific antinociceptive effect of the activation of 5-HT1A receptors. Further, in the hot-plate test, for those 5-HT1A agonists and partial agonists which induce antinociception, alpha 2-adrenoceptors rather than 5-HT1A receptors are implicated in their actions. Finally, in reflexive tests, irrespective of stimulus quality or intensity, 5-HT1A agonists and partial agonists do not mediate antinociception. These data suggest that the activation of 5-HT1A receptors does not, under these conditions of acute noxious stimulation, elicit antinociception.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Water and Soil Samples by Immunological and Chromatographic Methods (2000)

An immunoassay was developed that can be used for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, landfill leachate, and soil. As test format an indirect competitive microtiter plate ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was applied. While groundwater samples from a former manufactured gas plant site could be analyzed directly, soil and landfill leachate had to be extracted and required at least a 100-fold dilution prior to immunochemical measurement. PAHs could be recovered from fortified reference soils as well as aged field samples with high yield using 1-h ultrasonication with acetonitrile. Extraction efficiency was comparable to Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonication with tetrahydrofurane. Recovery was lower with agitation but would still be acceptable for use in an on-site field test to provide rapid, semiquantitative, and reliable test results for making environmental decisions such as identifying “hot spots”, site mapping, monitoring of remediation processes, and selecting site samples for laboratory analysis. Classification of ELISA data showed that it was possible to estimate the PAH contamination in soils with about 5% false positive and 5% false negative results that may have arisen from heterogeneity of samples, cross-reactivity of compounds with a similar structure, humic acids, or unknown interferences.
2<i>s</i>-2<i>p</i> and 3<i>p</i>-2<i>s</i> Transitions of Neon in a Laser Ten Meters Long (1964)

First Page
Charge Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>Solar Cells (1997)

Charge recombination between dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 electrodes and the I3-/I- couple in nonaqueous solution is described. The sensitizer was [RuL2(NCS)2] (L = 2,2‘-bipyridyl-4,4‘-dicarboxylic acid). An apparent inequality between the dark current and the recombination current is ascribed to a voltage shift caused by a potential drop at the SnO2/TiO2 interface, ohmic losses in the SnO2 and TiO2, and an overpotential for the redox reaction at the Pt counter electrode. Treating the dye-coated TiO2 electrodes with pyridine derivatives (4-tert-butylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, or poly(2-vinylpyridine)) improves significantly both the open-circuit photovoltage Voc (from 0.57 to 0.73 V) and the cell conversion efficiency (from 5.8 to 7.5%) at a radiant power of 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5) with respect to the untreated electrode. An analytical expression relating Voc to the interfacial recombination kinetics is derived, and its limitations are discussed. Analysis of Voc vs radiant power data with this expression indicates that the pyridine compounds may lower the back-electron-transfer rate constant by 1−2 orders of magnitude. The pyridines are found to have no significant effect on the recombination mechanism and kinetics of electron injection from excited dye molecules to TiO2. Studies of the dye-covered electrodes show that the rate of recombination is second order in I3- concentration, which is attributed to the dismutation reaction 2I2- → I3- + I- with I2 as the electron acceptor in the back-reaction. Mass-transport theory is applied to understand the dependence of the short-circuit photocurrent on the radiant power at low I3- concentration and to calculate the diffusion coefficient of I3- ions (7.6 × 10-6 cm2/s) in the porous TiO2 structure. The dependence of other cell parameters on the I3- concentration is also investigated.
Isotope array analysis of <i>Rhodocyclales</i> uncovers functional redundancy and versatility in an activated sludge (2009)

Extensive physiological analyses of different microbial community members in many samples are difficult because of the restricted number of target populations that can be investigated in reasonable time by standard substrate-mediated isotope-labeling techniques. The diversity and ecophysiology of Rhodocyclales in activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant were analyzed following a holistic strategy based on the isotope array approach, which allows for a parallel functional probing of different phylogenetic groups. Initial diagnostic microarray, comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence, and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization surveys indicated the presence of a diverse community, consisting of an estimated number of 27 operational taxonomic units that grouped in at least seven main Rhodocyclales lineages. Substrate utilization profiles of probe-defined populations were determined by radioactive isotope array analysis and microautoradiography-fluorescence in situ hybridization of activated sludge samples that were briefly exposed to different substrates under oxic and anoxic, nitrate-reducing conditions. Most detected Rhodocyclales groups were actively involved in nitrogen transformation, but varied in their consumption of propionate, butyrate, or toluene, and thus in their ability to use different carbon sources in activated sludge. This indicates that the functional redundancy of nitrate reduction and the functional versatility of substrate usage are important factors governing niche overlap and differentiation of diverse Rhodocyclales members in this activated sludge.
Measuring arm calibration (2011)

Conventional robot calibration techniques often make use of complex measurement equipment that can only be operated by skilled personnel in laboratory environments.This paper presents the calibration of a 6DOF measuring arm with a method that requires no external measurement equipment.The arm is calibrated through the use of a kinematic constraint which allows the collection of training data.This data is then utilized by a genetic algorithm to determine improved Denavit-Hartenberg parameters.
THIOCARBAMYLSULFENAMIDES<sup>1</sup> (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHIOCARBAMYLSULFENAMIDES1GEORGE E. P. SMITH Jr., GLEN ALLIGER, EDWARD L. CARR, and KENNETH C. YOUNGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1949, 14, 6, 935–945Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01158a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01158a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
477. The hydrolysis of phosphonate esters (1956)

R. F. Hudson and L. Keay, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2463 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002463
Rapid Determination of Plasma Ammonia by an Ion-Exchange Technic (1964)

Abstract A method is described for the colorimetric determination of ammonia in plasma by a batch ion-exchange procedure. The method combines separation of ammonium ion, using a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin, with a sensitive colorimetric procedure which simultaneously elutes and colorimetrically reacts with the ammonium ion to produce a stable color. Interference by basic amino acids is negligible, and the great sensitivity of the color reaction permits the measurement of ammonia of the order of 0.5 µg./ml. The effects of variations in the experimental conditions are examined, and the results of recovery experiments and other tests of precision and accuracy are reported. In comparison with other methods in current use, this method has distinct advantages in sensitivity, simplicity, and rapidity of determination, provided the conditions and methods of measurement are controlled carefully.
Methods and applications for detecting structure in complex networks (2008)

To my parents ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my adviser, Professor Mark Newman, for his insights and guidance over the past several years. His pursuit of research excellence is truly in-spirational. Mark has always challenged me to do my best work and I know I have learned a great deal from him. Also, I would like to thank Professor Gavin Clarkson for his unique perspective on my research and willingness to collaborate. I would like to thank Beth Percha, Gourab Ghoshal, and Brian Karrer for many useful discussions as well as for being excellent officemates. Many thanks go to Kevin McGrath; he has always been willing to share his vast knowledge of computers and programming with me. Additionally, I would like to thank Professor Jean Krisch for all of her wisdom. I thank Michael Busha for his energy, his love, and his optimism which inspire me and keep me going. Finally, I want to thank my parents whose years of love and support have allowed me to reach this point. This work uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J. Richard
The Immediate Reaction between Bromcresol Green and Serum as a Measure of Albumin Content (1977)

I investigated the immediate ( less than 30s) reaction between bromcresol green and serum, as a measure of albumin content. Fifty sera were analyzed in duplicate for albumin by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate by a procedure previously shown to give results in good agreement with two immunoprecipitation techniques, and by a bromcresol green method with the absorbance being read as soon as possible after mixing. Results by the dye method were 3.0 g/liter higher than those by electrophoresis; this difference was independent of the albumin content of the serum. Slight turbidity, jaundice, or added hemoglobin did not significantly interfere with albumin determination. Aparently the immediate reaction between serum and the dye reagent provides a simple, reliable measure of albumin content when 3.0 g/liter is subtracted from the result obtained.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of ZrC Made by Reactions of ZrCl<sub>4</sub> with CH<sub>4</sub> and with C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> (1977)

The experimentally determined quantitative effects of varying gas mixture composition on the properties of the zirconium carbide (ZrC) deposited on microspheres in a fluidized bed were a decrease in metallic appearance of the ZrC coat, with an increase in the ratio of the hydrocarbon gas to the ZrCl4 and co-deposition of carbon at high hydrocarbon gas concentrations. Increasing the H2 concentration inhibited these effects and permitted the ZrC to be deposited at higher hydrocarbon gas concentrations. Deposits of pure substoichiometric ZrC coats were controllable over a limited concentration range.The ZrC was deposited in a fluidized bed of ThO2 particles at a maximum temperature of ∼1650 K, using gas mixtures of H2, argon, ZrCl4, and CH4 or C3H6. The ZrCl4 flow was controlled using a powder feeder.
A randomized study comparing two different schedules of administration of cisplatin in combination with gemcitabine in advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (2000)

Our data show that arm B (cisplatin on Day 15) is less toxic than arm A (cisplatin on Day 2) and allows the administration of significantly higher total doses and dose intensities of chemotherapy. No significant differences in response rates were observed between the two schedules; patients on arm B experienced a significantly more prolonged progression free and overall survival; however, the study was not powered to detect differences in these outcomes.
<title>Feasibility of quantitative texture analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imagery: preliminary results</title> (1994)

Texture analysis has proven useful in the evaluation of many forms of digital imagery. Our group has shown that texture analysis of echocardiograms may be useful for characterization of myocardial ischemia, contusion, and cardiomyopathies. Recent work in tissue characterization of the brain has used texture analysis of magnetic resonance images to discriminate normal brian tissue from edema and tumor. Magnetic resonance images of the heart have been noted to exhibit visually apparent abnormalities in region image intensity in disease. Based upon these qualitative visual observations, our previous work in cardiac ultrasound texture analysis and the recent application of texture analysis to magnetic resonance brain images, we hypothesized that texture analysis would be useful in evaluating myocardial tissue characteristics from cardiac magnetic resonance images. As a first step towards the goal of cardiac tissue classification, we evaluated the ability of texture analysis to discriminate the left ventricular myocardium from other tissues using magnetic resonance images.
Production of alkaline xylanase by an alkaliphilic <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolated from an alkalinesoda lake (1997)

Journal Article Production of alkaline xylanase by an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. isolated from an alkalinesoda lake Get access A. Gessesse, A. Gessesse Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Dr A. Gessesse Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.A. Gashe B.A. Gashe Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Applied Microbiology, Volume 83, Issue 4, 1 September 1997, Pages 402–406, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00242.x Published: 01 September 1997 Article history Received: 21 October 1996 Revision received: 29 January 1997 Accepted: 30 January 1997 Published: 01 September 1997
Ligand mediated protein‐protein interaction between the angiotensin receptor type AT1 and the human NHE6 isoform (2008)

The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a vital role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. RAS is regulated through the hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II), a powerful vasoconstrictor that serves as a regulator of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Involvement of Ang II in the regulation of sodium levels by activation of the Na + /H + Exchangers (NHE) has been demonstrated in many tissues. Of the seven known NHE isoforms, only two, NHE1 and NHE6, exist in heart tissue. The activities of the NHE6 protein remain unclear. To analyze the conditions leading to activation of the NHE6 protein in mammalian cells, the human MCF‐7 cell line was used. The Heameagglutinin‐tagged NHE6 plasmid was introduced to the MCF‐7 cells via transient transfection. The transfected cells were exposed to Ang II and results implicated that the presence of Ang II was cardinal for strong interaction between AT1 and NHE6. It was ascertained that MCF‐7 co‐transfected with AT2 and Heameagglutinin‐tagged NHE6, also required the presence of Ang II for activation. Further investigation revealed that tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of NHE6 occurred when AT1 was activated by ligand binding. In summary, our results insinuate Ang II activates NHE6 through the AT1 receptor and therefore may play a role in the development of the pathophysiological conditions leading to the onset of cardiac ischemia.
Syntheses of substituted‐1,2,4‐triazoles (1992)

Abstract Starting from the readily available 3‐phenylpropionitrile, 3‐(or 5‐)(2‐phenethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole 3 was prepared. Reaction of compounds 3 with diazomethane afforded 1‐methyl‐3‐(2‐phenethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole (4) and 1‐methyl‐5‐(2‐phenethyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole (5) . Reaction of compound 3 with methanesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride or p ‐toluenesulfonyl chloride afforded only one of the expected isomer; namely compounds 6 , 7 and 8 respectively.
Natural gas production from hydropressured aquifers (1981)

Discussed in this paper are the global occurrences of natural gas in hydropressured aquifers. The nature of the producing mechanism is such that under most circumstances gas production is relatively small compared to conventional gas sources. The produced brine complicates matters since environmentally acceptable means must be found to dispose of it in large quantities. Under typical conditions in the United States, the wellhead price of the gas produced from aquifers would not be competitive at today's prices. However, through the use of exploration and cost reducing strategies, aquifers prospects are now being considered for development. Substantial experience in gas production from aquifers has lead to numerous cost reducing methods by the Japanese. Their use of PVC tubular goods and simplified separation equipment and techniques provide good examples of how to develop a marginal resource. The technology required to develop this resource is available today. The application of high technology such as false bright spots can help to identify better prospects for development but is not necessary. Natural gas production from hydropressured aquifers is technically feasible today. The relative economics varies by aquifer and by country. Exploration strategies coupled with cost-reducing methods need to be applied to assure cost-effective development of hydropressured aquifers as an energy resource.
Deposition of CuInSe/sub 2/ films by a two-stage process utilizing E-beam evaporation (1990)

The deposition technique involves first depositing Cu and In metallic layers onto a substrate using the electron-beam evaporation method and then selenizing these layers in an H/sub 2/Se atmosphere. High-quality CuInSe/sub 2/ films of chalcopyrite phase have been obtained by this technique, and the films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and resistivity measurements. Solar cells have been fabricated using these CuInSe/sub 2/ films, and active-area conversion efficiency values approaching 11% have been demonstrated for these devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spektroskopische Bestimmung des Dipolmomentes aromatischer Verbindungen im ersten angeregten Singulettzustand (1957)

Abstract Aus dem Einfluß der Orientierungspolarisation des Lösungsmittels auf die Wellenzahl des Fluoreszenzmaximums und desjenigen Absorptionsmaximums, das zum Übergang vom Grundzustand in den fluoreszenzfähigen Anregungszustand gehört, sowie aus dem Dipolmoment des Grundzustandes läßt sich unter bestimmten Bedingungen das Dipolmoment des Anregungszustandes berechnen. Die Methode und die bisher erhaltenen Ergebnisse (Tab. 4) werden dargestellt und diskutiert, und zwar besonders in bezug auf die Bestimmung des Anteils der zwitterionischen Resonanzstrukturen an der Elektronenstruktur des Anregungszustandes der „meropolaren”︁ Verbindungen D–R–A (D = Elektrondonator, A = Akzeptor, R = aromatischkonjugiertes System).
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Activates Gene Transcription Programs Strongly Associated With Poor Breast Cancer Prognosis (2008)

Transcriptional targets of IGF-I represent pathways of increased aggressiveness and possibly hormone independence in clinical breast cancers.
Applications of OBC recording (2000)

In recent years, there has been much interest in seismic imaging within the marine environment via four-component (4-C) ocean-bottom-cable (OBC) recording. The 4-C OBC sensor is equipped with a single hydrophone (pressure detector) plus a three-component (3-C) geophone (particle velocity detector). The 3-C geophone records the full three-dimensional ground motion via one vertical component and two orthogonal horizontal components. 4-C OBC recording has several advantages over conventional towed-streamer technology.
The adult growth hormone deficiency syndrome. (2000)

The diagnosis of the adult GH deficiency syndrome from a clinical and laboratory standpoint has been reviewed. Therapy guidelines and monitoring should focus on the patient's symptoms and IGF-1 concentrations from a laboratory standpoint. Successful patient/physician interaction depends on physician awareness of the symptoms of the deficiency syndrome and symptoms associated with therapy. Successful therapy with GH almost always results in an extremely satisfied patient, family, and physician.