gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting selective placement for low-cost memory protection (2008)

Many embedded processing applications, such as those found in the automotive or medical field, require hardware designs that are at the same time low cost and reliable. Traditionally, reliable memory systems have been implemented using coded storage techniques, such as ECC. While these designs can effectively detect and correct memory faults such as transient errors and single-bit defects, their use bears a significant cost overhead. In this article, we propose a novel partial memory protection scheme that provides high-coverage fault protection for program code and data, but with much lower cost than traditional approaches. Our approach profiles program code and data usage to assess which program elements are most critical to maintaining program correctness. Critical code and variables are then placed into a limited protected storage resources. To ensure high coverage of program elements, our placement technique considers all program components simultaneously, including code, global variables, stack frames, and heap variables. The fault coverage of our approach is gauged using Monte Carlo fault-injection experiments, which confirm that our technique provides high levels of fault protection (99% coverage) with limited memory protection resources (36% protected area).
Intermittent loading improves results in mandibular alveolar distraction osteogenesis (2006)

In conclusion, although osteogenic processes were similar in both groups, they were induced earlier and were better structured in subjects undergoing stimulated alveolar-distraction osteogenesis. These encouraging results can only be achieved and preserved by strict monitoring of distractive vectors.
Effect of storage on normal neutrophils collected by discontinuous-flow centrifugation leukapheresis (1977)

Storage limits for granulocytes have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to determine these limits for neutrophils collected by discontinuous-flow centrifugation and stored at 4 degrees-6 degrees C. The parameters studied were total leukocyte and absolute cell counts, viability measured by dye exclusion, morphology, percentage phagocytic neutrophils, number of Candida organisms ingested per phagocytic neutrophil, candidacidal activity by differential staining, and chemotaxis under agarose. There was a progressive loss of neutrophils on storage that was statistically significant by 48 hr. Phagocytosis was the best preserved function. Microbial killing measured by candidacidal activity was less well preserved. Chemotaxis was the most poorly maintained parameter. There was mild impairment at 24 hr and a severe functional loss at 48 hr. The data suggest the following: (1) the first functions lost on storage are the most highly integrated, i.e., chemotaxis, followed by microbial killing and then phagocytosis; and (2) assuming that these functional losses are irreversible, storage of normal neutrophils used for transfusion should be limited to approximately 24 hr because a severe defect in migration occurs between the first and second days.
Adsorption of whole saliva onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces: influence of concentration, ionic strength and pH (1992)

The influence of the concentration of salivary proteinaceous material from solutions of whole saliva on the kinetics of in vitro pellicle formation were studied together with the effects of ionic strength, pH and certain substrate characteristics. The pellicle formation was monitored by an automated Rudolph ellipsometer, equipped with a He-Ne laser (wavelength 632.8 nm). The substrates compared in the study were hydrophilic negatively charged silica surfaces and hydrophobic methylated silica surfaces. The results show that the adsorption of salivary proteins is a very rapid process on both types of surfaces. Part of the formed biofilm, however, desorbed upon rinsing, indicating that the proteinaceous material was adsorbed with varying binding strengths. Larger adsorbed amounts were recorded on hydrophobic than on hydrophilic surfaces. Increase of ionic strength caused larger amounts to be adsorbed on both types of surfaces but change of pH did not affect the adsorption on either of the studied surfaces. Ellipsometry was found to be a suitable technique to monitor the adsorption of salivary proteins at solid/liquid interfaces.
Polymorphic genetic characterization of the ORF7 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in China (2011)

Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exhibits extensive genetic variation. The outbreak of a highly pathogenic PRRS in 2006 led us to investigate the extent of PRRSV genetic diversity in China. To this end, we analyzed the Nsp2 and ORF7 gene sequences of 98 Chinese PRRSV isolates. Results Preliminary analysis indicated that highly pathogenic PRRSV strains with a 30-amino acid deletion in the Nsp2 protein are the dominant viruses circulating in China. Further analysis based on ORF7 sequences revealed that all Chinese isolates were divided into 5 subgroups, and that the highly pathogenic PRRSVs were distantly related to the MLV or CH-1R vaccine, raising doubts about the efficacy of these vaccines. The ORF7 sequence data also showed no apparent associations between geographic or temporal origin and heterogeneity of PRRSV in China. Conclusion These findings enhance our knowledge of the genetic characteristics of Chinese PRRSV isolates, and may facilitate the development of effective strategies for monitoring and controlling PRRSV in China.
Regulation of mRNA Translation by Signaling Pathways (2012)

mRNA translation is the most energy consuming process in the cell. In addition, it plays a pivotal role in the control of gene expression and is therefore tightly regulated. In response to various extracellular stimuli and intracellular cues, signaling pathways induce quantitative and qualitative changes in mRNA translation by modulating the phosphorylation status and thus the activity of components of the translational machinery. In this work we focus on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, as they are strongly implicated in the regulation of translation in homeostasis, whereas their malfunction has been linked to aberrant translation in human diseases, including cancer.
Studies on drug metabolism by use of isotopes. 23. Metabolic study of 1-butyryl-4-cinnamylpiperazine in the rat during development of tolerance by using two kinds of deuterium-labeled forms (1978)

Mass fragmentographic determination of the plasma, brain, and liver levels of 1-butyryl-4-cinnamylpiperazine (I) and its metabolites in tolerant and nontolerant rats was carried out by using two kinds of deuterium-labeled compounds. 1-Butyryl-4-[a-d2]cinnamylpiperazine (I-d2) was used to develop tolerance and 1-butyryl-4-[arom-d5]cinnamylpiperazine (I-d5) to clarify the metabolic fate of I after I-d2 administration. The present method allowed the clarification of the metabolism of I-d2 and I-d5 independently. In tolerant rats, the brain and liver were lower for I-d5 and higher for I-d5 metabolites than in nontolerant rats. There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of I-D5 between tolerant and nontolerant rats. Our data seem to suggest that development of tolerance to I results from a more rapid metabolism of the drug due to hepatic enzyme induction.
Iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of the liver and spleen: review of the first 5 years. (1990)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles are a potent new class of MR contrast agents affording improved detection of hepatic and splenic neoplasms. In this report we review the development of this agent through preclinical studies and early clinical results at Massachusetts General Hospital during a 5-year investigation. SPIO particles are sequestered by normal phagocytic Kupffer cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) but are not retained in tumor tissue. Consequently, there is a fivefold increase in T2 relaxation between normal RES tissue and tumor, with a comparable advantage in quantitative signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and lesion detectability in the liver and spleen on MR imaging. Increased lesion conspicuity can be exploited to decrease threshold size for lesion detection to less than 3 mm. Clinically beneficial effects occur with a variety of mildly T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences; gradient-echo techniques show even greater benefit after administration of SPIO. Metabolically, pharmaceutical-grade preparations are biodegradable and bioavailable, being rapidly turned over into body iron stores and incorporated into erythrocyte hemoglobin. Early dose-escalation clinical trials have identified a probable clinical dose range of 10-20 mumols Fe/kg body weight. In the United States, SPIO compounds evaluated to date are still approved for use in investigational studies only. Newer commercial formulations currently being evaluated may extend clinical safety margins.
Olfaction in Migraineurs (1992)

Many investigators have described olfactory dysfunction among migraineurs. Olfactory stimuli can precipitate migraine, and olfactory hallucinations can occur as auras of migraines or as part of the symptom complex. Despite many reports linking olfactory phenomena and migraine, no evaluations of the olfactory abilities of migraineurs have been documented. To begin such assessments, sixty-seven consecutive migraine patients were given Pyridine odor threshold tests. Twelve of them (18%) scored as hyposmic or anosmic. In comparison, 1% of the general population of the U.S. is hyposmic or anosmic. Aside from possible diagnostic or methodological error, several possibilities may account for our result: migraine may induce olfactory pathology; olfactory pathology may induce migraine, or; a common pathogen may induce both olfactory dysfunction and migraine. The association of migraine with the emotional component of the limbic system has long been recognized, and our results strengthen its association with the olfactory component as well. Headache patients should be tested for olfactory loss and warned of such risks as inability to detect gas leaks and spoiled food.
A Laplace pressure based microfluidic trap for passive droplet trapping and controlled release (2012)

Here, we present a microfluidic droplet trap that takes advantage of the net Laplace pressure force generated when a droplet is differentially constricted. Mathematical simulations were first used to understand the working range of the component; followed by finite element modeling using the CFD software package to further characterize the behavior of the system. Controlled release of the trapped droplets is also demonstrated through both a mechanical method and a chemical method that manipulates the total pressure exerted on the trapped droplet. The unique design of this trapping device also provides the capability for selection of a single droplet from a train, as well as droplet fusion.
Flavylium based dual photochromism: addressing cis–trans isomerization and ring opening-closure by different light inputs (2015)

The multistate system of 4',7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyflavylium is constituted by a multiequilibrium involving trans-chalcone, cis-chalcone, hemiketal, flavylium cation and quinoidal base. This system possesses two independently addressable inter-connected photochromic systems based on the cis-trans isomerization and ring opening-closure of the hemiketal.
Agoraphobia with Panic Disorder Manifesting after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report (2018)

The emergence of anxiety disorder after traumatic brain injury is poorly understood and largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to report a case of a patient who developed agoraphobia with panic disorder for prolonged duration following TBI. A 60 years old male patient who developed panic disorder with agoraphobia for prolonged duration following traumatic brain injury is reported and the condition is briefly discussed. The case reported suggests that TBI may cause decades-lasting psychiatric disorder in some individuals, emphasizing the importance of psychiatric follow-up of all patients after TBI.
The Dvorak Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Technique: A Satellite-Based Method that Has Endured for over 30 Years (2006)

This insight, which expresses itself by what is called Imagination, is a very high sort of seeing, which does not come by study, but by the intellect being where and what it sees, by sharing the path, or circuit of things through forms, and so making them translucid to others.
Aurora-A kinase regulates NF-kappaB activity: lessons from combination studies. (2007)

The Aurora-A/STK15 gene encodes a kinase that is frequently amplified in cancer. However, it is not clear what role this plays in the development of cancer since little is known about its biochemical targets. We have showed that Aurora-A induces phosphorylation of IkappaBa, thereby mediating its degradation. Loss of IkappaBa leads to activation of NF-kappaB target gene transcription. We analysed primary human breast cancers and 13.6% of samples showed Aurora-A gene amplification all of which exhibited nuclear localisation of NF-kappaB. We propose that this subgroup of breast cancer patients might benefit from inhibiting Aurora-A. Further analysis of different human tumour cell types for their NF-kappaB activity have showed that there is an association between cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and NF-kappaB activation. A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells have high levels of NF-kappaB and are resistant to cytotoxic agents such as adriamycin and VP-16 (etoposide). We also found that in A549 and SKOV3 cells treated with a small molecule inhibitor towards Aurora kinases, the NF-kappaB activity was downregulated and the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs was enhanced. In addition, the transcriptional targets Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 were downregulated. These findings have important implications for cancer chemotherapy. Aurora-A-inhibition enhances the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and reverses acquired resistance resulting from the activation of NF-kappaB. Consequently, preventing NF-kappaB activation by inhibition of Aurora-A, may provide a valuable enhancement to specific chemotherapeutic regimens.
Switched-Element Direction Finding (2009)

We introduce and evaluate the concept of switched-element direction finding. In a switched-element system, simultaneous data collection occurs on only a subset of the array's N elements at any given time. The data collection interval is divided into subintervals, and at each subinterval a multiplexer selects a different subset of M<N elements to connect to the data acquisition channels. Since the switched-element system only collects data on M channels at a time, hardware costs can be reduced at the expense of a time-accuracy tradeoff compared to a full-channel system. We propose two algorithms. The first is a modification of the root-MVDR (minimum variance distortionless-response) algorithm that is appropriate for linear arrays and noncoherent sources. When sources are coherent, a second algorithm based on a compositely formed full-size covariance matrix is proposed. Although performance depends strongly on the number of sources, good performance can be obtained even when the number of sources is greater than M.
Public infrastructures for internet access in metropolitan areas (2006)

Wireless Community Networks (WCNs) are metropolitan-area networks with nodes owned and managed by volunteers. These networks can be used to build large scale public infrastructures for providing ubiquitous wireless broadband access through the private contributions of individual community members who use their hotspots to forward foreign traffic from and to nearby low-mobility users. We have designed and developed a prototype aggregation scheme that (1) assumes that community members are selfish and do not trust each other and uses a secure incentive technique to encourage their contribution; (2) protects the real-world identities of community providers and clients by relying only on disposable opaque identifiers (public/private key pairs); (3) is fully distributed, open to all, and does not rely on any authority to resolve disputes or to control membership; (4) applies a Quality-of-Service mechanism to protect the resources of hotspot owners and punish or reward users with different QoS levels according to their contribution; (5) is automated, using standard, widely available hardware and software that we have developed for some of the main available platforms (Linux-based WLAN access points and Windows Mobile-based cell phones). Thus, it can easily complement cellular networks in metropolitan areas where some WCNs provide wide coverage.
The role of inflammation in schizophrenia (2015)

High levels of pro-inflammatory substances such as cytokines have been described in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenia patients. Animal models of schizophrenia show that under certain conditions an immune disturbance during early life, such as an infection-triggered immune activation, might trigger lifelong increased immune reactivity. A large epidemiological study clearly demonstrated that severe infections and autoimmune disorders are risk factors for schizophrenia. Genetic studies have shown a strong signal for schizophrenia on chromosome 6p22.1, in a region related to the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and other immune functions. Another line of evidence demonstrates that chronic (dis)stress is associated with immune activation. The vulnerability-stress-inflammation model of schizophrenia includes the contribution of stress on the basis of increased genetic vulnerability for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, because stress may increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and even contribute to a lasting pro-inflammatory state. Immune alterations influence the dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The activated immune system in turn activates the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) of the tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism which influences the serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission via neuroactive metabolites such as kynurenic acid. The described loss of central nervous system volume and the activation of microglia, both of which have been clearly demonstrated in neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia patients, match the assumption of a (low level) inflammatory neurotoxic process. Further support for the inflammatory hypothesis comes from the therapeutic benefit of anti-inflammatory medication. Metaanalyses have shown an advantageous effect of cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in early stages of schizophrenia. Moreover, intrinsic anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotic drugs are known since a long time. Anti-inflammatory effects of antipsychotics, therapeutic effects of anti-inflammtory compounds, genetic, biochemical, and immunological findings point to a major role of inflammation in schizophrenia.
Use of everolimus-eluting stent with a bioresorbable polymer coating for treatment of recurrent in-stent restenosis. (2005)

Recently, an everolimus-eluting stent utilizing a bioresorbabale PLA polymer coating to release the agent everolimus has proven safe and effective in preventing restenosis for up to six months in de novo coronary arteries. But the use of a bioresorbable polymer-coated everolimus-eluting stent for in-stent restenosis lesions has not been previously investigated. This is a case report of one-year angiographic follow-up results after the implantation of a bioresorbable PLA polymer-coated everolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of recurrent in-stent restenosis. The case involved a 63-year-old female who had repeatedly presented with recurrent in-stent restenosis in the LCX. We successfully treated this recurrent ISR lesion by using a bioresorbable PLA polymer-coated everolimus-eluting stent; the one-year follow-up angiography revealed prevention of ISR after the implantation of this device.
Buffered Glutaraldehyde–A New Chemical Sterilizing Solution (1963)

Journal Article Buffered Glutaraldehyde–A New Chemical Sterilizing Solution Get access A. A. Stonehill, Ph.D., A. A. Stonehill, Ph.D. Associated with Research Division of Ethicon, Inc. Somerville, N J. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Krop, Ph.D., S. Krop, Ph.D. Associated with Research Division of Ethicon, Inc. Somerville, N J. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. M. Borick, Ph.D. P. M. Borick, Ph.D. Associated with Research Division of Ethicon, Inc. Somerville, N J. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 20, Issue 9, 1 September 1963, Pages 458–465, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/20.9.458 Published: 01 September 1963
Impact of memory contention on dynamic scheduling on NUMA multiprocessors (1996)

Self-scheduling is a method for task scheduling in parallel programs, in which each processor acquires a new block of tasks for execution whenever it becomes idle. To get the best performance, the block size must be chosen to balance the scheduling overhead against the load imbalance. To determine the best block size, a better understanding of the role of load imbalance in self-scheduling performance is needed. In this paper we study the effect of memory contention on task duration distributions and, hence, load balancing in self-scheduling on a Nonuniform Memory Access (NUMA) machine. Experimental studies on a BBN TC2000 are used to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of analytical performance models to predict running time and optimal block size. The models are shown to be very accurate for small block sizes. However, the models fail when the block size is large due to a previously unrecognized source of load imbalance. We extend the analytical models to address this failure. The implications for the construction of compilers and runtime systems are discussed.
The Role of a Shared Mental Model of Collaboration Technology in Facilitating Knowledge Work in Virtual Teams (2007)

We studied 52 field examples interaction breakdown in information technology project virtual teams and actions leaders took to fix it using information and communication technologies (ICTs). We found that leader success related to aspects of shared mental model (SMM) theory, particularly the equipment/technology (e/t) model. Our literature review shows that prior research has missed the critical impact of this SMM due to controls often placed on technology and context to make studies manageable. We found a solution to this dilemma by applying critical incident technique (CIT). We were able to study successful IT project managers in the field, sampling occasions when they engaged in technology facilitation. We found that these VT leaders need knowledge of ICTs in three areas: functional understanding of features, future prediction knowledge, and application/usefulness knowledge. We present the analysis of our interview data, the CIT methodology we employed, five propositions, and implications for practitioners and researchers
Haptics in a social network service: Tweeting with motion for sharing physical experiences (2011)

To augment tangible information into current social network systems (SNSs), this paper proposes an algorithm that generates force data from the user's hand gestures. The input modality defined in this paper is based on gesture information in the form of an acceleration profile in that at times it describes the current status of a user better than text-based content. For the physical representation of a motion update, corresponding force vectors in a Cartesian coordinate system are calculated with the proposed linear equation. Given the experimental results, it is predicted that the proposed physical logging and rendering scheme will provide a physical experience in mediated social connections.