gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Attachment of Intrinsic Factor-Bound Cobamides to Ileal Receptors (1974)

To determine whether the molecular configuration of vitamin B(12) influences the attachment of intrinsic factor-vitamin B(12) complex to ileal microvillous membrane receptor sites, we have examined the kinetics of uptake of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin by brush borders and microvillous membranes isolated from guinea pig ileum, and have compared this uptake with that of intrinsic factor alone and with that of intrinsic factor complexed with various analogs of cyanocobalamin. We first studied the kinetics of binding of cyanocobalamin and other cobamides to human gastric intrinsic factor. The binding of cyanocobalamin showed saturation kinetics and, at relatively high concentrations of cyanocobalamin, a Scatchard plot of binding was linear. The dissociation constant for the intrinsic factor-cyanocobalamin complex was 0.066 nM. When the binding of various vitamin B(12) analogs to intrinsic factor was determined by competition experiments, the analogs could be separated into two categories: those with affinities similar to that of cyanocobalamin and those with affinities much lower than that of cyanocobalamin. The affinity of cyanocobalamin for intrinsic factor was not altered by various substitutions at the -CN position, while removal of a single amido group on the corrin ring of substitution of the dimethylbenzimidazole base greatly reduced affinity. Removal of the base totally abolished binding. These findings, confirming those reported by others, are consistent with the concept that the cyanocobalamin molecule fits into a "pocket" in the intrinsic factor molecule, with the nucleotide base facing inward and the -CN side of the planar corrin ring facing outward. We then investigated the attachment of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin to ileal receptor. Attachment to microvillous membranes showed saturation kinetics with a dissociation constant of 0.25 nM. Attachment was rapid and was 70% complete within 5 min; the second-order rate constant for attachment was 1.3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The half-time for dissociation of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin from the ileal receptor was approximately 35 min. Free intrinsic factor inhibited the attachment of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin, but the rate of attachment of free intrinsic factor was slower than that of intrinsic factor bound to cyanocobalamin. When intrinsic factor was complexed with various analogs of cyanocobalamin, the affinities of these complexes for ileal microvillous membranes were similar to that of intrinsic factor-bound cyanocobalamin. These findings suggest that the molecular configuration of vitamin B(12) is not a major determinant in the interaction between intrinsic factor-bound vitamin B(12) and its ileal receptor site.
Thrombelastographic Patterns following Abdominal Aortic Surgery (1994)

Postoperative changes in thrombelastographic patterns were studied in thirty patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic bypass surgery. Native whole blood thrombelastography was performed preoperatively and on days 1, 2, and 3 postoperatively. The thrombelastographic changes included a decrease in r on day one (P < 0.0001), with concurrent increases in alpha (P < 0.0001) and MA (P < 0.001). On days 2 and 3 there were further increases in MA (P < 0.0001). These changes indicate enhanced procoagulant activity and progressive increases in maximum clot strength. The results confirm that hypercoagulability occurs in whole blood following abdominal aortic bypass surgery. Further studies are warranted to determine whether modification of postoperative hypercoagulability reduces the incidence of thrombotic complications in this group of patients.
Low-molecular-weight organogelators as functional materials for oil spill remediation (2015)

Oil spills from tankers are one of the major types of man-made disasters that impact the marine environment, and they have been shown to have long-lasting effects. On prevention of the spread of oil through rapid cleanup of spills, low-molecular-weight organogelators have received much attention because of their ability to tune their properties through rational design. In this mini-review, I present a brief summary of studies focused on the remediation of oil spills via a chemical method, which involves the use of low-molecular-weight organogelators that form organogels with fuel oils or organic solvents. Moreover, recent attempts to create new improved molecular organogels composed of commercially available simple organogelators via a mixing induced enhancement method for solidifying oil are also discussed. In addition, polymer organogelators for oil spills are discussed in relation to low-molecular weight gelators. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flight safety aspects of electrical design (1956)

Material failure is a primary cause in 25 per cent of aircraft accidents −3 per cent of which are caused by breakdown in the electric systems. More attention should be given to electric design detail, following careful analysis of past errors, as well as to establishing a more realistic environmental testing policy.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Quantum networks with trapped ions (2010)

Quantum computation and communication exploit the quantum properties of superposition and entanglement in order to perform tasks that may be impossible using classical means. In this Colloquium recent experimental and theoretical progress in the generation of entangled quantum networks based on the use of optical photons as carriers of information between fixed trapped atomic ion quantum memories are reviewed. Taken together, these quantum platforms offer a promising vision for the realization of a large-scale quantum network that could impact the future of communication and computation.
Infrared hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform and dispersive spectrometers: comparison of signal-to-noise-based performance (2002)

We compare the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based performance of scanning dispersive and staring (Michelson interferometer based) Fourier transform spectrometer approaches to hyperspectral infrared imaging. The information collected by the focal planes of these two spectrometer types is very different. In the scanning dispersive spectrometer, the 2-D focal plane array (FPA) collects spatial information in one direction and spectral information in the other, while the second spatial dimension is swept out in time by the scanning mechanism. The Fourier transform spectrometer 2-D focal plane array acquires 2-D spatial information while the spectrum (interferogram) is swept out in time. The formation of the signal and propagation of noise from the focal plane data collection to the final hyperspectral data cube are significantly different for each type of instrument, and distinct signal and noise models apply to each. Using the noise equivalent spectral radiance (NESR)as a figure of merit, we compare the performance of the two types of instrument with the same optical system, equal spatial resolution, image area, spectral resolution, spectral span, and imaging time. Under photon noise limited conditions (for each instrument), which are made possible by the proper design of modern infrared focal plane arrays, the traditional multiplex (Fellgett) and throughput (Jacquinot) advantages associated with non-imaging Fourier transform spectrometers vanish for reasons that will be made clear in the paper. We discuss 2-D focal plane array characteristics for each instrument, such as frame rate, dynamic range, etc. and show why they are so different (by design) between these two instruments. Finally, the consequences of the signal processing requirements implied by the two instruments are summarized.
Mechanisms of action of tasquinimod on the tumour microenvironment (2013)

Tasquinimod is a small molecule with pleiotropic effects on the tumour microenvironment. Tasquinimod inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. It targets the tumour microenvironment, enhancing the host immune response and inhibiting the angiogenic response. Tasquinimod influences infiltrating myeloid cells in the tumour milieu shifting the balance towards a less immunosuppressive phenotype. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumour-associated macrophages are major components of the immunosuppressive microenvironment and as a result promote tumour growth and favour angiogenesis and metastasis formation. Growing evidence indicates that tasquinimod targets these myeloid cells and modulates local tumour immunity by blocking the interaction between the multifunctional protein S100A9 and its ligands receptor of advanced glycation end products and Toll-like receptor 4. Its anti-angiogenic effects are achieved at least in part through these effects on regulatory myeloid cells and also potentially through inactivating histone deacetylase-4 and reducing expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-controlled genes. The aim is to comprehensively review the mode of action of tasquinimod as a novel oral anti-cancer agent. Based on its unique combination of effects, tasquinimod is a novel agent with clinical therapeutic potential in various solid tumours, both alone and as part of rational combination therapy.
<title>Design and analysis of across-chip linewidth variation for printed features at 130 nm and below</title> (2000)

We discuss the incentive and design outlines for a reticle that is used for assessing across-chip linewidth variation (ACLV). For printing features whose dimensions are near half of the exposure wavelength ((lambda) ), the ACLV Solver reticle can be used to diagnose the contributing factors that cause the critical dimension (CD) to vary out of control. For example, mask error factor (MEF) and mask pattern density loading have both been shown to have a significant impact on ACLV. The focus of this paper is the ACLV design methodology, along with a couple of proposed designs of experiment (DOE). Conclusions and future work are discussed.
Picolitre-scale crystallization of membrane proteins (2006)

Crystallization of membrane proteins in lipidic mesophases by the standard in meso method is extremely efficient in that small amounts of valuable protein are required per trial. Here it is shown that it is possible to reduce the requisite amount of protein (and lipid) by two orders of magnitude into the picolitre volume range. Successful crystallizations have been performed with two integral membrane proteins, bacteriorhodopsin and the vitamin B 12 receptor, BtuB, using volumes of mesophase corresponding to 210 pl of protein solution (2–4 ng protein) and 320 pl of lipid. The total dead volume of the system is 1 µl. This means that thousands of crystallization trials can be performed with just micrograms of the target. Thus, for a given amount of protein, which is often in short supply, the likelihood of obtaining crystals is significantly enhanced. The reproducibility of crystallogenesis and of volume delivery at this picolitre scale is described. This advance will contribute to broadening the range of membrane proteins that yield to structure determination.
A Robust Method for Multiple Face Tracking Using Kalman Filter (2007)

A robust method for tracking faces of multiple people moving in a scene using Kalman filter is proposed in this paper. To distinguish faces of people during partial occlusion the proposed method uses the non-parametric cloth distribution. To overcome the problem of total occlusion, faces are tracked using the values generated by Kalman prediction algorithm. The size, top-left coordinate and velocity of motion of the detected face being the parameters of the Kalman vector; the predicted values are used to locate faces in the next frame. The faces are redetected and the templates are updated at discrete time intervals when the similarity measures, between the faces detected and respective face templates, are less than a preset threshold. Skin segmentation based face detection makes the algorithm computationally simple, and updating the face template makes it invariant to pose changes. The proposed method is experimented to be invariant to lightning conditions, change of pose, and works well in the case of partial and total occlusion for a short period.
Meta‐analysis: Association of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection with Parkinson's diseases (2017)

This meta-analysis indicated that H. pylori infection might be associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease.
Chemical Injury-Induced Corneal Opacity and Neovascularization Reduced by Rapamycin via TGF-β1/ERK Pathways Regulation (2013)

Rapamycin treatment reduced corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization in BALB/c mice. Rapamycin protected the cornea from chemical damage via reduction of IL-6 and TGF-β1 expression. Rapamycin reduced α-SMA expression through the ERK 1/2 pathway.
Harmonic Nanocrystals for Biolabeling: A Survey of Optical Properties and Biocompatibility (2012)

Nonlinear optical nanocrystals have been recently introduced as a promising alternative to fluorescent probes for multiphoton microscopy. We present for the first time a complete survey of the properties of five nanomaterials (KNbO(3), LiNbO(3), BaTiO(3), KTP, and ZnO), describing their preparation and stabilization and providing quantitative estimations of their nonlinear optical response. In the light of their prospective use as biological and clinical markers, we assess their biocompatibility on human healthy and cancerous cell lines. Finally, we demonstrate the great potential for cell imaging of these inherently nonlinear probes in terms of optical contrast, wavelength flexibility, and signal photostability.
Detection of<i>Pseudomonas</i>Colonies That Accumulate Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate on Nile Blue Medium (1994)

A simple procedure was developed to detect colonies of bacteria that accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a storage product characteristic of many nonfluorescent pseudomonads. Colonies of PHB-positive bacteria fluoresced bright orange to yellow under long-wave ultraviolet light when grown on a medium containing PHB and Nile blue dye. Bright orange fluorescent granules were visible within the cells when examined microscopically under ultraviolet light. Colonies of fluorescent pseudomonads did not fluoresce on this medium, nor were fluorescent granules visible microscopically. This technique allows detection of PHB-positive pseudomonads without microscopic examination [...]
Iterative image reconstruction using geometrically ordered subsets with list-mode data (2005)

In positron emission tomography (PET), the format in which the data is stored has a major influence on the image reconstruction procedure. The use of the list-mode format preserves all of the measured attributes of the detected photon pairs but the events are stored in the order that they were measured, which allows only sequential access to the data. This fact limits the number of applicable algorithms and often computing speed or memory capacity constraints require the use of algorithms that do not make full use of the original precise information in the data. In this paper we show how through a change of the format in which the data is stored one can keep all the initial information about the individual events while providing random access to subsets of events belonging to given geometrical regions, thus making possible the use of maximum likelihood ordered subsets (OSEM) type algorithms with data provided as a collection of individual events (list-mode), and facilitating the adaptation of other types of algorithms. The structured data format also allows for more compact (compressed) storage of the information compared to the simple list-mode format.
The Impact of Forward Swept Rotors on Tip-Limited Low-Speed Axial Compressors (2003)

This paper presents an experimental and analytical study of the impact of forward swept rotors on tip-limited, low-speed, multi-stage axial compressors. Two different configurations were examined, one with strong tip-clearance flows and the other with more moderate levels. Evaluations were done at multiple rotor tip clearance levels to assess differences in clearance sensitivity. Both configurations are low-speed models of the rear stages of modern aircraft engine high pressure ratio compressors. Compared to conventionally stacked (radial) rotors, the forward swept blades demonstrated improvements in stall margin, efficiency and clearance sensitivity. The benefits were more pronounced for the configuration with stronger tip-clearance flows. Detailed flow measurements and 3-D viscous CFD analyses are used to investigate the responsible flow mechanisms. Forward sweep causes a spanwise redistribution of flow toward the blade tip and reduces the tip loading in terms of static pressure coefficient. This results in reduced tip-clearance flow blockage, a shallower (more axial) leakage/freestream interface angle and a smaller region of reversed flow in the clearance gap.
Concept lattice based composite classifiers for high predictability (2002)

10.1080/09528130210164206
An Autofocus Method for Backprojection Imagery in Synthetic Aperture Radar (2011)

In this letter, we present an autofocus routine for backprojection imagery from spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar data. The approach is based on maximizing image sharpness and supports the flexible collection and imaging geometries of BP, including wide-angle apertures and the ability to image directly onto a digital elevation map. While image-quality-based autofocus approaches can be computationally intensive, in the backprojection setting, we demonstrate a natural geometric interpretation that allows for optimal single-pulse phase corrections to be derived in closed form as the solution of a quartic polynomial. The approach is applicable to focusing standard backprojection imagery, as well as providing incremental focusing in sequential imaging applications based on autoregressive backprojection. An example demonstrates the efficacy of the approach applied to real data for a wide-aperture backprojection image.
CCR2-Dependent Trafficking of F4/80dim Macrophages and CD11cdim/intermediate Dendritic Cells Is Crucial for T Cell Recruitment to Lungs Infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2004)

We previously reported that CCR2(-/-) mice are susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Susceptibility was associated with an early and sustained macrophage trafficking defect, followed by delayed recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells to the lungs. However, the relative importance of the lack of CCR2 expression by macrophages and DCs vs T cells in susceptibility to infection was unclear. In this study, we used mixed bone marrow transplantation to create mice in which the genotype of the T cells was either CCR2(+/+) or CCR2(-/-) while maintaining the genotype of the myeloid cells as CCR2(+/+). After infection with M. tuberculosis, we found that the genotype of the macrophages and/or DCs, but not that of the T cells, was critical for both T cell and myeloid cell migration to the lungs. Further investigation revealed a critical role for CCR2 in the recruitment of F4/80(dim) macrophages and CD11c(dim/intermediate) DCs to the infected lung.
Optimization of discharge condition for recycling aggregate by pulsed discharge inside of concrete (2009)

The development of a new recycling technology for waste concrete scraps becomes a big issue in Japan due to the increase of the scraps and the decrease of the natural coarse aggregates. In the present work, a new technology of concrete aggregates recycling using pulsed discharges was performed. A Marx generator was used as a pulsed power source and a point to hemisphere mesh configuration electrode was immersed in water. The pulsed voltages were applied to the concrete scraps which placed on hemisphere mesh and the discharges passes were occurred inside of concrete scraps as the result of the electrical breakdown. Immediately after the breakdown, the concrete scraps were broken by the shockwave due to the volumetric thermal expansion of the discharge pass. After the repetitive discharge treatments, the recycled coarse aggregates were evaluated. From our previous results, the quality of the recycled coarse aggregates such as the oven-dry density, the water absorption ratio, and the fineness modulus were controlled by the energy consumption of discharge treatments. In this work, the effects of the gap distance between high voltage point electrode and concrete surface was discussed. The results showed that the optimum condition was obtained in case that the high voltage point electrode always comes in contact with the target concrete.
Systems for Wide-Band Transmission Over Coaxial Lines (1934)

In this paper systems are described whereby frequency band widths of the order of 1000 kc. or more may be transmitted for long distances over coaxial lines and utilized for purposes of multiplex telephony or television. A coaxial line is a metal tube surrounding a central conductor and separated from it by insulating supports.
Radiation characteristics of epitaxial CaF/sub 2/ on silicon (1991)

The radiation characteristics of a Al/CaF/sub 2//Si capacitor have been investigated. The single-crystal CaF/sub 2/ film has been grown on Si
Exosite-mediated Substrate Recognition of Factor IX by Factor XIa (2005)

Studies of the mechanisms of blood coagulation zymogen activation demonstrate that exosites (sites on the activating complex distinct from the protease active site) play key roles in macromolecular substrate recognition. We investigated the importance of exosite interactions in recognition of factor IX by the protease factor XIa. Factor XIa cleavage of the tripeptide substrate S2366 was inhibited by the active site inhibitors p-aminobenzamidine (Ki 28 +/- 2 microM) and aprotinin (Ki 1.13 +/- 0.07 microM) in a classical competitive manner, indicating that substrate and inhibitor binding to the active site was mutually exclusive. In contrast, inhibition of factor XIa cleavage of S2366 by factor IX (Ki 224 +/- 32 nM) was characterized by hyperbolic mixed-type inhibition, indicating that factor IX binds to free and S2366-bound factor XIa at exosites. Consistent with this premise, inhibition of factor XIa activation of factor IX by aprotinin (Ki 0.89 +/- 0.52 microM) was non-competitive, whereas inhibition by active site-inhibited factor IXa beta was competitive (Ki 0.33 +/- 0.05 microM). S2366 cleavage by isolated factor XIa catalytic domain was competitively inhibited by p-aminobenzamidine (Ki 38 +/- 14 microM) but was not inhibited by factor IX, consistent with loss of factor IX-binding exosites on the non-catalytic factor XI heavy chain. The results support a model in which factor IX binds initially to exosites on the factor XIa heavy chain, followed by interaction at the active site with subsequent bond cleavage, and support a growing body of evidence that exosite interactions are critical determinants of substrate affinity and specificity in blood coagulation reactions.
Cavity formation and impurity gettering in He-implanted Si (1994)

Cavity microstructures formed in Si after ion implantation of He and annealing at 700 C or above are examined with cross-section transmission electron microscopy. A threshold concentration of 1.6 at.% He is identified to form cavities that survive such anneals. The cavities coarsen with a constant volume of 15 nm{sup 3}/nm{sup 2} (per wafer surface area), corresponding to {approximately}0.75 lattice sites per implanted He atom. The internal area of the cavities is 3--7 times that of the wafer surface area for fluences of 1 {times} 10{sup 17} He/cm{sup 2}. Transition metal atoms (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Au) are shown to be strongly trapped (1.5--2.2 eV) on the cavity walls by chemisorption. Whereas Cu, Au and Ni are bound more strongly to the cavity sites than to their respective precipitated phases, Co and Fe are more strongly bound to their silicides; nonetheless, appreciable trapping of Co and Fe does occur in equilibrium with the silicides. Cavity trapping appears to be an effective gettering mechanism at low impurity levels, as needed to meet future microelectronics device requirements.