gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of nanoscale platinum(0) clusters in glassy carbon and their catalytic activity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of nanoscale platinum(0) clusters in glassy carbon and their catalytic activityHoward D. Hutton, Nicolas L. Pocard, Daniel C. Alsmeyer, Olivier J. A. Schueller, Richard J. Spontak, Michael E. Huston, Wenhua Huang, Richard L. McCreery, Thomas X. Neenan, and Matthew R. CallstromCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 12, 1727–1738Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00036a010Request reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of methods for quantitating antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibody with a reverse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1983)

We compared two methods for quantitating antigen-specific antibody by a reverse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the serial-dilution method, the result was determined to be the highest dilution of a serum yielding an absorbance above an established threshold. In the single-dilution method, the result was determined by comparing the absorbance yielded by the test serum at a standard dilution to that yielded by positive and negative reference sera at the same dilution. The results in the single-dilution method reflected the antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibody activity as a proportion of total immunoglobulin M antibody in a serum, i.e., the immune load, whereas the results in the serial-dilution method reflected the absolute concentration of antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibody activity. Compared with results in the serial-dilution method, results in the single-dilution method had considerably greater reproducibility on a day-to-day basis and under various test conditions. The single-dilution method was more useful in discriminating between sera from patients in an early stage of clinical infection due to Toxoplasma gondii and sera from patients in a later stage of infection.
Contextualized Sarcasm Detection on Twitter (2021)

Sarcasm requires some shared knowledge between speaker and audience; it is a profoundly contextual phenomenon. Most computational approaches to sarcasm detection, however, treat it as a purely linguistic matter, using information such as lexical cues and their corresponding sentiment as predictive features. We show that by including extra-linguistic information from the context of an utterance on Twitter — such as properties of the author, the audience and the immediate communicative environment — we are able to achieve gains in accuracy compared to purely linguistic features in the detection of this complex phenomenon, while also shedding light on features of interpersonal interaction that enable sarcasm in conversation.
STEADY-STATE SPEED OSCILLATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (1972)

Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a population of more than 120 million people living in a territory of only 55,000 square miles. Pediatric surgery is not recognized as an independent branch of surgery: the Dhaka Shishu Hospital is the only pediatric hospital in the country. Sponsored by the World Organization for Pediatric Surgery in Emerging Countries and Azienda Ospedaliera di Parma, the authors performed four surgical missions in Bangladesh in the city of Khulna from 1991 to 1995. During these missions 395 operations were performed on children with general surgical urological, or maxillofacial problems. Besides the humanitarian significance of these missions, it is very edifying for a Western surgeon to observe the natural evolution of untreated congenital malformations.
Modulation format identification of square and non-square M-QAM signals based on amplitude variance and OSNR (2020)

Blind modulation format identification (MFI) is essential in an elastic optical network (EON) due to unknown modulation format of the received signals. We propose an MFI method for square and non-square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, 512-QAM, 1024-QAM, and 2048-QAM. We identified these modulation formats by using two identification factors such as the amplitude variance and the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the received signal. The simulation results based on a look-up-table (LUT) and a neural network, respectively, show that the modulation format of the received signals can be identified correctly in the OSNR range of a bit error rate (BER) for communication, better than 10−2. We also investigate effects of both ONSR measurement errors and residual chromatic dispersion (CD) on the MFI performance.
Outdoor IEEE 802.11 cellular networks: radio link performance (2003)

We explore the feasibility of designing an outdoor cellular network based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, which was developed originally for wireless local-area networks. For channels typical in cellular networks, we study the radio link power budget and, via simulation, the bit-error performance of three kinds of receiver: (1) the constrained RAKE, which is limited to a 1 /spl mu/s multipath span; (2) the full RAKE, which uses the full multipath channel information; (3) the ideal equalizer, the performance of which is represented by the matched filter bound. Our link budget reveals that the maximum cell radius in an outdoor 802.11 network ranges from 0.7 to 3 km, about half that supported by WCDMA and EDGE networks. For an RMS delay spread of 1 /spl mu/s, typical for urban-area cells of this size, our simulation results show that the conventional constrained RAKE receiver may yield a satisfactory performance. The improved receivers, however, yield 1-5 dB gain over the constrained implementation. Combining these results with those in a companion paper on the MAC protocol (see Leung, K.K. et al., ibid., p.595-599), we conclude that an 802.11 based cellular network with a cell radius of a few km is feasible.
LMW-heparins (5 KD) and Oligo-heparins (2 KD) produced by gel-permeation enrichment or radical process: comparison of structures, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1992)

A process of chemical depolymerization of heparin initiated by free radicals has been developed. The process follows reaction kinetics of apparent first order, and it is possible to obtain heparins with different molecular weights. Low and very low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs, approximately 5 kDa, and Oligo-H, approximately 2 kDa) have been prepared by enriching fractions derived from natural heparin by gel permeation. The LMWHs produced by a radical reaction have been characterized by their physicochemical properties, patterns of constitutive disaccharides, NMR spectra, and biological activities in comparison with those of the LMWHs produced by an enrichment process. The process of free radical degradation is shown to produce heparins with a desired molecular weight (from 1 to greater than 10 kDa) without changes in their primary structure and in their physicochemical properties and with the in vitro biological activities expected for LMWHs. Furthermore, the limits of enzymatic cleavage of heparins with different molecular weights by heparinases and the possibility of obtaining a precise pattern of constitutive disaccharides are discussed.
Size of Aerosol Droplets Impinging on Mosquitoes as Determined with a Scanning Electron Microscope1 (1973)

Journal Article Size of Aerosol Droplets Impinging on Mosquitoes as Determined with a Scanning Electron Microscope Get access C. S. Lofgren, C. S. Lofgren Insects Affecting Man Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Gainesville, Fla. 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. W. Anthony, D. W. Anthony Insects Affecting Man Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Gainesville, Fla. 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. A. Mount G. A. Mount Insects Affecting Man Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Gainesville, Fla. 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 66, Issue 5, 1 October 1973, Pages 1085–1088, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/66.5.1085 Published: 01 October 1973 Article history Received: 19 March 1973 Published: 01 October 1973
Effects of crocetin on pulmonary gas exchange in foxhounds during hypoxic exercise (2000)

The carotenoid compound crocetin has been hypothesized to enhance the diffusion of O(2) through plasma, and observations in the rat and rabbit have revealed improvement in arterial PO(2) when crocetin is given. To determine whether crocetin enhances diffusion of O(2) between alveolar gas and the red blood cell in the pulmonary capillary in vivo, five foxhounds, two previously subjected to sham and three to actual lobectomy or pneumonectomy, were studied while breathing 14% O(2) at rest and during moderate and heavy exercise before and within 10 min after injection of a single dose of crocetin as the trans isomer of sodium crocetinate (TSC) at 100 microg/kg iv. This dose is equivalent to that used in previous studies and would yield an initial plasma concentration of 0.7-1.0 microg/ml. Ventilation-perfusion inequality and pulmonary diffusion limitation were assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique in concert with conventional measurements of arterial and mixed venous O(2) and CO(2). TSC had no effect on ventilation, cardiac output, O(2) consumption, arterial PO(2)/saturation, or pulmonary O(2) diffusing capacity. There were minor reductions in ventilation-perfusion mismatching (logarithm of the standard deviation of perfusion fell from 0.48 to 0.43, P = 0.001) and in CO(2) output and respiratory exchange ratio (P = 0.05), which may have been due to TSC or to persisting effects of the first exercise bout. Spectrophotometry revealed that TSC disappeared from plasma with a half time of approximately 10 min. We conclude that, in this model of extensive pulmonary O(2) diffusion limitation, TSC as given has no effect on O(2) exchange or transport. Whether the original hypothesis is invalid, the dose of TSC was too low, or plasma diffusion of O(2) is not rate limiting without TSC cannot be discerned from the present study.
Distinction of brain tissue, low grade and high grade glioma with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (2006)

Neuropathology frozen section diagnoses are difficult in part because of the small tissue samples and the paucity of adjunctive rapid intraoperative stains. This study aims to explore the use of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of glioma specimens and for distinction of glioma from normal tissues intraoperatively. Ten low grade gliomas, 15 high grade gliomas without necrosis, 6 high grade gliomas with necrosis and/or radiation effect, and 14 histologically uninvolved "normal" brain specimens are spectroscopicaly analyzed and contrasted. Tissue autofluorescence was induced with a pulsed Nitrogen laser (337 nm, 1.2 ns) and the transient intensity decay profiles were recorded in the 370-500 nm spectral range with a fast digitized (0.2 ns time resolution). Spectral intensities and time-dependent parameters derived from the time-resolved spectra of each site were used for tissue characterization. A linear discriminant analysis diagnostic algorithm was used for tissue classification. Both low and high grade gliomas can be distinguished from histologically uninvolved cerebral cortex and white matter with high accuracy (above 90%). In addition, the presence or absence of treatment effect and/or necrosis can be identified in high grade gliomas. Taking advantage of tissue autofluorescence, this technique facilitates a direct and rapid investigation of surgically obtained tissue.
Molecular pathology of lymphomas. (1993)

Chromosomal translocations appear to be the initiating step in the development of malignancy in both B cell and T cell lymphomas. These results in the juxtapositioning of proto-oncogenes and transcriptional factors to the IG or TCR genes and lead to the deregulation of their expression. A survival advantage is provided to the lymphoid cells and contributes to neoplasm by permitting a clone to persist until other oncogenes such as c-myc are activated. This suggests a multistep progression to tumorigenesis. The occurrence of these translocations is assisted by obligatory DNA breaks and rearrangements of IG and TCR that have to occur for B and T cells to mature and function. The molecular alterations specific to lymphomas provide a potential specific target for therapy, including molecular manipulations. Animal modelling of lymphoma will provide the greatest possibilities for investigating the pathogenesis of lymphoma and future treatment modalities.
Problems of Long-Range Location of Industry (1963)

By extensively employing the diverse and constantly developing methods of analysis, Soviet economics can establish the qualitative and quantitative relations between economic phenomena and individual factors. With the progress of economics, the sphere of economic phenomena lending themselves to quantitative measurement widens, and the number of known economic laws expressing definite quantitative (numerical) relationships increases. In this way, a more accurate and correct substantiation of rational measures in planning the national economy and socialist construction is ensured. But, as the resolution of the November 1962 Plenary Meeting of the CPSU Central Committee on the Report by Comrade N. S. Khrushchev indicated, "expansion of the scale of the national economy, rapid progress of science and technology call for a still higher scientific level of planning.… Economic plans are not always based on careful economic estimates and studies…"
Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Activities in Self‐Assembled Metastable TiO<sub>2</sub>/Bi<sub>4</sub>MoO<sub>9</sub> Heterojunctions (2018)

Abstract Metastable TiO 2 /Bi 4 MoO 9 heterojunctions are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. TiO 2 nanoparticles, which are used as templates in the hydrothermal process, can induce the heterogeneous nucleation and 1D preferential growth of Bi 4 MoO 9 to form TiO 2 /Bi 4 MoO 9 heterojunctions. The TiO 2 /Bi 4 MoO 9 heterojunctions exhibit very efficient visible‐light photocatalytic activity, which is much higher than those of TiO 2 nanoparticles, Bi 4 MoO 9 microcubes, and TiO 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 composites. This could be mainly ascribed to the synergistic effects of the band structure matching and the unique microstructure between TiO 2 nanoparticles and Bi 4 MoO 9 nanobelts in the heterojunctions. The Bi 4 MoO 9 nanobelts with ≈150 nm in width promote the production of photogenerated electron–hole pairs due to its narrow bandgap. The TiO 2 nanoparticles embedded into Bi 4 MoO 9 nanobelts still remain small size, large specific surface area, and high crystallinity. These not only facilitate the transfer of photogenerated holes from Bi 4 MoO 9 nanobelts to TiO 2 nanoparticles, but also improve the holes capture rate on the surface of the heterojunctions.
Introduction: After Bakke (1996)

of course.At the bidding of a governor anxious to ride the race issue to the White House, the Board of Regents of the University of California, against the opposition of faculty, students, and administration, over the vigorous protests of chancellors and demonstrators, voted to end affirmative action at the premier public institution of the nation's most demographically diverse state.'The first major public university to do so.July 20, 1995.At a stroke, the landscape of higher education had changed.Assumptions about race and ethnicity that had for decades guided policy were suddenly stripped of the armor of institutional inevitability.They were rent open, open to recuperation, revision, repudiation, whatever the newly emerging politics of a dawning era would decree.Stung by this eruption of history, the editors of Representations present this special issue devoted to exploring the new terrain.Ironically, the University of California had itself helped to create the very legal framework that presently governs affirmative action within higher education.That framework was established in reaction to the University's defense of one of its own affirmative action programs to assist minority groups.The framework provides a clarifying lens for identifying the many questions of policy and principle that presently swirl through the maelstrom of the affirmative action controversy, for the law's tormented and equivocal response to affirmative action closely reflects the national debate.After World War II, the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution came to be interpreted as strongly disfavoring the use of explicit racial or ethnic criteria by state institutions.2This interpretation was part of the national effort to disestablish Southern apartheid.National egalitarian norms were also powerfully articulated by federal legislation.Most relevant to higher education, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited "discrimination" on "the ground of race, color, or national origin" in any "program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."3The reach of Title VI remains quite broad; it applies to "all the operations of" any "college, university, or other postsecondary institution," any part "of which is extended Federal financial assistance,"' even to the minimal extent of enrolling "students who receive federal grants that must be used for educational purposes."5Affirmative action programs appeared to be in tension with these national norms of nondis-
Stra13 regulates oxidative stress mediated skeletal muscle degeneration (2009)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), caused by loss of dystrophin is characterized by progressive muscle cell necrosis. However, the mechanisms leading to muscle degeneration in DMD are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Stra13 protects muscle cells from oxidative damage, and its absence leads to muscle necrosis in response to injury in Stra13-deficient mice. Interestingly, Stra13-/- mutants express elevated levels of TNFalpha, reduced levels of heme-oxygenase-1, and display apparent signs of oxidative stress prior to muscle death. Moreover, Stra13-/- muscle cells exhibit an increased sensitivity to pro-oxidants, and conversely, Stra13 overexpression provides resistance to oxidative damage. Consistently, treatment with anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine ameliorates muscle necrosis in Stra13-/- mice. We also demonstrate that Stra13 expression is elevated in muscles from dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice, and mdx/Stra13-/- double mutants exhibit an early onset of muscle degeneration. Our studies underscore the importance of oxidative stress-mediated muscle degeneration in muscular dystrophy, and reveal the contribution of Stra13 in maintenance of muscle integrity.
Reevaluation of reserpine-induced suppression of contact sensitivity. Evidence that reserpine interferes with T lymphocyte function independently of an effect on mast cells. (1985)

It has been suggested that reserpine blocks expression of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) by depleting tissue mast cells of serotonin (5-HT), thereby preventing a T cell-dependent release of mast cell 5-HT necessary to localize and to amplify the DH response. However, reserpine blocks expression of DH in mast cell-deficient mice. We therefore decided to reevaluate the mechanism by which reserpine abrogates expression of cellular immunity, and investigated whether the drug might interfere with T cell activity in vitro or in vivo. At concentrations as low as 4 microM, reserpine profoundly suppressed baseline or antigen-augmented levels of [3H]thymidine incorporation by immune lymph node cells obtained from mice sensitized to the contactant oxazolone [I-LNC(Ox)]. This effect was observed both with I-LNC derived from normal mice and with I-LNC derived from congenitally mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, cell preparations that lacked detectable mast cells, histamine, and 5-HT. Furthermore, treatment of I-LNC with reserpine (20 microM) for 1 h in vitro virtually abolished the ability of these cells to transfer CS to naive mice. This was not a cytolytic effect, as the viability of the I-LNC treated with reserpine was not affected, and washing of the reserpine-treated I-LNC before transfer fully restored their ability to orchestrate a CS response. The action of the drug was not mediated by an effect on mast cells, since the experiment could be performed using mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice as both donors and recipients of I-LNC. In addition, the effect was specific for the treated cells: mice that received reserpine-treated I-LNC(Ox) intravenously together with untreated I-LNC(DNFB) did not develop CS to Ox but responded normally to DNFB; and local intradermal injection of reserpine-treated I-LNC(Ox) which failed to transfer reactivity to Ox, did not interfere with the development of CS to DNFB at the same site. Finally, cotransfer experiments indicated that the effect of reserpine on the transfer of CS was not due to activation of suppressor cells. Our findings strongly suggest that whatever effects reserpine might have on immunologically nonspecific host cells, the drug's effects on sensitized T cells are sufficient to explain its ability to block cell-mediated immune responses in vivo.
Torsional potential of biphenyl: <i>Ab initio</i> calculations with the Dunning correlation consisted basis sets (1999)

The internal rotational barrier heights of biphenyl were calculated with the Dunning correlation consisted basis sets (up to cc-pVQZ, 960 basis functions) and the electron correlation correction by the second order Mo/ller-Plesset method (MP2). Although previous Hartree–Fock (HF) and MP2 calculations showed that the internal rotational barrier height at 0° (ΔE0) was substantially larger than that at 90° (ΔE90), our MP2/cc-pVQZ//MP2/6-31G* calculations showed that ΔE0 (2.28 kcal/mol) was close to ΔE90 (2.13 kcal/mol), which agreed with the estimation from experimental measurements. The calculations of benzene dimers suggested that the dispersion interaction increased the relative stability of the coplanar conformer. The basis sets employed in the previous calculations were not large enough to evaluate the attractive dispersion interaction. The underestimation of the stabilization of the coplanar conformer by the dispersion interaction would be one of the reasons for the overestimation of ΔE0 in the previous calculations.