gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimycobacterial activities of riminophenazines (1999)

Riminophenazines were specifically developed as drugs active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis but extensive research over several decades has shown that these compounds are also active against many other mycobacterial infections, particularly those caused by Mycobacterium leprae and the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Clofazimine, the lead compound in this series, is included in the regimens that are approved by the WHO for the treatment of leprosy and has contributed significantly to the control of that disease, particularly that caused by dapsone-resistant bacteria. Despite early problems, clofazimine has shown clinical efficacy in tuberculosis, in particular that caused by multiple drug resistant strains. Clofazimine does not induce resistance and also inhibits emergence of resistance to isoniazid in M. tuberculosis. The efficacy of clofazimine against MAC is more varied and the availability of better drugs has limited its use. Newer riminophenazines, such as B746 and B4157, not only showed increased anti-mycobacterial activity but also produced less skin pigmentation, which is the main drawback of this group of compounds. The most important virtues of riminophenazines, such as intracellular accumulation in mononuclear phagocytic cells, anti-inflammatory activity, a low incidence of drug resistance and slow metabolic elimination, make them attractive candidates for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. It is essential, however, to investigate the newer analogues clinically, while continuing the pursuit of alternate candidates that demonstrate higher anti-mycobacterial activity and lower rates of skin pigmentation.
Fc receptors in immune thrombocytopenias: a target for immunomodulation? (2008)

In autoimmune disease, Fc receptors (FcRs) form the interface between immune effector cells and their antibody-coated targets, and as such are attractive targets for immunomodulatory therapy. In this issue of the JCI, two highly novel studies of Fc-FcR interactions provide new insights into the role of FcRs in immune thrombocytopenia. Asahi et al. utilized a comprehensive platform of immunological assays to examine the mechanism underlying Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and Ghevaert et al. describe a specially designed antibody that saturates binding sites on fetal platelets without initiating FcgammaR-mediated platelet phagocytosis, preventing the binding of pathological maternal anti-HLA antibodies that cause fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (see the related articles beginning on pages 2939 and 2929, respectively). These reports illustrate how a remarkably detailed molecular understanding of the FcR network may translate into new therapeutic strategies with high clinical impact.
Smart Roadster Project: Setting up Drive-by-Wire or How to Remote-Control your Car. (2006)

Cdc42 and Rac--ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases--mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac.
Real-time classification of rotating shaft loading conditions using artificial neural networks (1997)

Vibration analysis can give an indication of the condition of a rotating shaft highlighting potential faults such as unbalance and rubbing. Faults may however only occur intermittently and consequently to detect these requires continuous monitoring with real time analysis. This paper describes the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for classification of condition and compares these with other discriminant analysis methods. Moments calculated from time series are used as input features as they can be quickly computed from the measured data. Orthogonal vibrations are considered as a two-dimensional vector, the magnitude of which can be expressed as time series. Some simple signal processing operations are applied to the data to enhance the differences between signals and comparison is made with frequency domain analysis.
Hydrogen sulphide: A novel physiological inhibitor of LDL atherogenic modification by HOCl (2007)

Hypochlorite (HOCl), the product of the activated myeloperoxidase/H(2)O(2)/chloride (MPO/H(2)O(2)/Cl(- )) system is favored as a trigger of LDL modifications, which may play a pivotal role in early atherogenesis. As HOCl has been shown to react with thiol-containing compounds like glutathione and N-acetylcysteine protecting LDL from HOCl modification, we have tested the ability of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) - which has recently been identified as an endogenous vasorelaxant - to counteract the action of HOCl on LDL. The results show that H(2)S could inhibit the atherogenic modification of LDL induced by HOCl, as measured by apolipoprotein alterations. Beside its HOCl scavenging potential, H(2)S was found to inhibit MPO (one may speculate that this occurs via H(2)S/heme interaction) and destroy H(2)O(2). Thus, H(2)S may interfere with the reactants and reaction products of the activated MPO/H(2)O(2)/Cl(- ) system. Our data add to the evidence of an anti-atherosclerotic action of this gasotransmitter taking the role of HOCl in the atherogenic modification of LDL into account.
A self-learning neural network chip with 125 neurons and 10 K self-organization synapses (1990)

The authors propose a neural network chip that can organize the connection weight of each synapse with 125 neurons so that it can learn on chip. The chip employs the mixed design architecture of digital and analog circuits in a 1.0-μm CMOS technology. The chip operates more than 1000 times faster than conventional computers
Spectral and far-field broadening due to stimulated rotational Raman scattering driven by the Nike krypton fluoride laser (2017)

Stimulated rotational Raman scattering (SRRS) in the ultraviolet region (λ=248 nm) has been observed at the Nike laser over extended propagation paths in air during high power operation. Although this phenomenon is not significant for standard operating configurations at Nike, broadening of the laser spectrum and far-field focal profiles has been observed once the intensity-path length product exceeds a threshold of approximately 1 TW/cm. This paper presents experimental results and a new theoretical evaluation of these effects. The observations suggest that significantly broader spectra can be achieved with modest degradation of the final focal distribution. These results point to a possible path for enhanced laser-target coupling with the reduction of laser-plasma instabilities due to broad laser bandwidth produced by the SRRS.
Dosimetric Response to Gamma-rays and Neutrons of a Tissue-equivalent Microstrip Gas Counter (2000)

Journal Article Dosimetric Response to Gamma-rays and Neutrons of a Tissue-equivalent Microstrip Gas Counter Get access J. Dubeau, J. Dubeau Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.J. Waker, A.J. Waker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Biggar, M. Biggar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.D. Rayner, M.D. Rayner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E.W. Sommerville, E.W. Sommerville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S.E. Welch S.E. Welch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 91, Issue 4, 1 October 2000, Pages 391–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033249 Published: 01 October 2000
Stimulation of tyrosine‐ and serine‐phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in mouse 3T3 cells by fibronectin and fibroblast growth factor (1994)

Phosphorylation of both tyrosine and serine residues of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was stimulated by the adhesion of BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells to fibronectin, but phosphorylation of threonine was not detectable. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors also stimulated the phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine of FAK in cells adhered to poly-L-lysine, but epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor did not. A fusion protein of fibronectin and basic fibroblast growth factor effectively induced the phosphorylation of FAK. Phosphorylation of FAK in the rat myoblast L-6 cell line, which lacks fibroblast growth factor receptors, was not stimulated by fibroblast growth factors, suggesting that the interaction of fibroblast growth factors with their receptors might cause the phosphorylation of FAK.
Electrically-pumped external-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (2002)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (SELDs) continue to be the topic of much research, and recent results show that they can produce CW powers of above 10 mW without heatsinking. For many applications, a major problem with SELDs is that they only operate in a single transverse mode at low powers. The reason for multiple transverse modes is a combination of the thermal lensing, spatial hole burning, and non-uniform current injection. We demonstrate the use of an external cavity to maintain single transverse mode operation at all currents. More specifically we have reduced the reflectivity of the top mirror from above 99% to 85% and placed the SELD in an external cavity. This results in transverse modes controlled by the external cavity, not by the SELD. The modes of the external cavity can then be controlled by the use of an aperture in the external cavity or by adjusting the cavity length. In order to provide more uniform current spreading, we designed a novel structure (AlGaAs/GaAs) in which the SELD was grown on a p-doped substrate with the p-doped mirror on the bottom and the n-doped mirror on top. We have observed that the current can spread uniformly over a device as large as 100 /spl mu/m in diameter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Existence and reactivity of bicyclic annulenones. 4-Phenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1(5),3,6-triene-2,8-dione (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExistence and reactivity of bicyclic annulenones. 4-Phenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octa-1(5),3,6-triene-2,8-dioneFrancisco Gavina, Ana M. Costero, and Santiago V. LuisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 24, 4616–4618Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00198a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (432 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image Processing and Machine Learning for Automated Fruit Grading System: A Technical Review (2013)

In India, demand for various fruits and vegetables are increasing as population grows.Automation in agriculture plays a vital role in increasing the productivity and economical growth of the Country, therefore there is a need for automated system for accurate, fast and quality fruits determination. Researchers have developed numerous algorithms for quality grading and sorting of fruit. Color is most striking feature for identifying disease and maturity of the fruit. In this paper; efficient algorithms for color feature extraction are reviewed. Then after, various classification techniques are compared based on their merits and demerits. The objective of the paper is to provide introduction to machine learning and color based grading algorithms, its components and current work reported on an automatic fruit grading system.
A 16.6&#x03BC;W 32.8MHz monolithic CMOS relaxation oscillator (2014)

This paper presents a 32.8MHz low power, supply insensitive monolithic CMOS relaxation oscillator. Instead of using voltage-mode comparators for cycle-to-cycle capacitor voltage swing (CVS) threshold voltage comparison, the CVS is regulated by a low-power closed-loop control which consists of a current-controlled delay cell (CCDC), a Gm-C error integrator and a comparator-free switch logic block. The CCDC and switching logics are powered by a logic supply regulator for reducing switching-losses and line sensitivity. The oscillator consumes 16.6μW from a 1.5V supply voltage at room temperature, achieving a FOM of 0.51μW/MHz. The measured output frequency variation is <±0.13%/V @ 32.8MHz, for a supply range of 1.5V to 3.6V It occupies 0.013mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 0.18μm CMOS process.
Impact of nutrition on brain development and its neuroprotective implications following preterm birth (2014)

The impact of nutrition on brain development in preterm infants has been increasingly appreciated. Early postnatal growth and nutrient intake have been demonstrated to influence brain growth and maturation with subsequent effects on neurodevelopment that persist into childhood and adolescence. Nutrition could also potentially protect against injury. Inflammation and perinatal infection play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of white matter injury, the most common pattern of brain injury in preterm infants. Therefore, nutritional components with immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory effects may serve as neuroprotective agents. Moreover, growing evidence supports the existence of a microbiome-gut-brain axis. The microbiome is thought to interact with the brain through immunological, endocrine, and neural pathways. Consequently, nutritional components that may influence gut microbiota may also exert beneficial effects on the developing brain. Based on these properties, probiotics, prebiotic oligosaccharides, and certain amino acids are potential candidates for neuroprotection. In addition, the amino acid glutamine has been associated with a decrease in infectious morbidity in preterm infants. In conclusion, early postnatal nutrition is of major importance for brain growth and maturation. Additionally, certain nutritional components might play a neuroprotective role against white matter injury, through modulation of inflammation and infection, and may influence the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
Recent Advances in Magnetic Devices for Computers (1959)

Major advances in computer technology have been made by the use of magnetic devices. The speed of operation, storage capacity, and reliability of computers has been significantly increased by the development of the memory core. The present paper will describe some of the newer magnetic elements which may replace ferrite toroids in memory matrices. Ferrite materials are being used as sheets and multiaperture devices. The sheets show great promise in achieving a cost reduction. The multiaperture devices in memory applications offer the advantages of increased speeds, a wider operating temperature range, and nondestructive readout. The ferromagnetic materials are used in the form of thin films and wrapped wire. The films are capable of increased switching speeds at nominal current drives. The use of magnetic wire as a storage element offers new fabrication technology, a wider operating temperature range, and new functional structures. A comparison is made to highlight the device characteristics of the various structures.
Cooperative boosting (2013)

This paper examines the interaction between thermal management techniques and power boosting in a state-of-the-art heterogeneous processor consisting of a set of CPU and GPU cores. We show that for classes of applications that utilize both the CPU and the GPU, modern boost algorithms that greedily seek to convert thermal headroom into performance can interact with thermal coupling effects between the CPU and the GPU to degrade performance. We first examine the causes of this behavior and explain the interaction between thermal coupling, performance coupling, and workload behavior. Then we propose a dynamic power-management approach called cooperative boosting (CB) to allocate power dynamically between CPU and GPU in a manner that balances thermal coupling against the needs of performance coupling to optimize performance under a given thermal constraint. Through real hardware-based measurements, we evaluate CB against a state-of-the-practice boost algorithm and show that overall application performance and power savings increase by 10% and 8% (up to 52% and 34%), respectively, resulting in average energy efficiency improvement of 25% (up to 76%) over a wide range of benchmarks.
Differential Expression of the Arabidopsis Cytochrome <i>c</i> Genes <i>Cytc-1</i> and <i>Cytc-2</i>. Evidence for the Involvement of TCP-Domain Protein-Binding Elements in Anther- and Meristem-Specific Expression of the <i>Cytc-1</i> Gene (2005)

The promoters of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cytochrome c genes, Cytc-1 and Cytc-2, were analyzed using plants transformed with fusions to the beta-glucuronidase coding sequence. Histochemical staining of plants indicated that the Cytc-1 promoter directs preferential expression in root and shoot meristems and in anthers. In turn, plants transformed with the Cytc-2 promoter fusions showed preferential expression in vascular tissues of cotyledons, leaves, roots, and hypocotyls, and also in anthers. Quantitative measurements in extracts prepared from different organs suggested that expression of Cytc-1 is higher in flowers, while that of Cytc-2 is higher in leaves. The analysis of a set of deletions and site-directed mutants of the Cytc-1 promoter indicated that a segment located between -147 and -156 from the translation start site is required for expression and that site II elements (TGGGCC/T) located in this region, coupled with a downstream internal telomeric repeat (AAACCCTAA), are responsible for the expression pattern of this gene. Proteins present in cauliflower nuclear extracts, as well as a recombinant protein from the TCP-domain family, were able to specifically bind to the region required for expression. We propose that expression of the Cytc-1 gene is linked to cell proliferation through the elements described above. The fact that closely located site II motifs are present in similar locations in several genes encoding proteins involved in cytochrome c-dependent respiration suggests that these elements may be the target of factors that coordinate the expression of nuclear genes encoding components of this part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in rat islets and its role in islet cell type segregation (1994)

Endocrine cell types are non-randomly distributed within pancreatic islets of Langerhans. In the rat, insulin-secreting B-cells occupy the core of the islets and are surrounded by A-, D- and PP-cells, secreting glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, respectively. Furthermore, dissociated islet cells have the ability in vitro to form aggregates with the same cell-type organization as native islets (pseudoislets). These observations suggest that a differential expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) might characterize B- and non-B-cells (A-, D- and PP-cells), and be in part responsible for the establishment and maintenance of islet architecture. Indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against CAMs and islet hormones was performed on serial sections of the splenic and duodenal parts of the rat pancreas. Staining for the Ca(2+)-dependent CAM E-cadherin was detected on both exocrine and endocrine tissue and was uniform over the entire islet section, in both pancreatic regions. By contrast, staining for the Ca(2+)-independent neural CAM (N-CAM) was restricted to endocrine tissue and nerve endings. Furthermore, N-CAM staining of endocrine cells was stronger in the islet periphery, a region composed mostly of non-B-cells. Serial sections demonstrate that cells staining strongly for N-CAM in the splenic part correspond to glucagon cells and in the duodenal part to pancreatic polypeptide cells. Within pseudoislets in vitro a stronger staining for N-CAM was also observed on peripheral cells, corresponding to non-B-cells.
Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in the development and treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (2003)

This report reviews the mechanisms by which COX-2 can contribute to carcinogenesis, its role in prognosis, and the possible place of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies, focusing particularly on oesophageal cancer.
Multi-Kinase Inhibitors (2015)

The limitations of many mono-kinase inhibitors can be overcome by agents with multi-target action. An important advantage of targeting more than one kinase, is an increase in potency, due to the synergistic effect. Moreover, this approach can reduce the possibility of developing drug resistance. Several multitarget agents have been designed as single kinase inhibitors and found to be multi-target inhibitors because of the structural homology among the ATP-binding site of kinases. In other cases, these inhibitors have been obtained by optimization of potent individual inhibitors or by combination of selective ligands. Also some irreversible inhibitors act on different kinases and covalently modify the cysteine residues located near the ATP-binding pocket. In this review the most recent examples of multi-kinase inhibitors are reported, focusing on chemical structures, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity. These inhibitors, suitably substituted, could be used in designing other multitarget agents. Virtual molecular docking would suggest potential targets of molecules, moreover combining pharmacophore combination and screening methods could probably help in the discovery of more potent multikinase inhibitors.
The 3D Sketch Slice: Precise 3D Volume Annotations in Virtual Environments (2009)

In the oil and gas application domain, there is a need for 3D volume annotations to sketch out uncertainty regions in seismic data sets. Together with geo-science experts, we identified actual requirements for efficient annotations of volumetric areas. As a result, we introduce the 3D Sketch Slice, a novel system for volumetric annotations. Based on a 3D-tracked pen tablet, the 3D Sketch Slice works as a prop for a subsurface volume slice. Using pen input, a user can precisely sketch 3D points on a 2D volume slice while directly controlling the 3D position and orientation of that slice within a seismic volume. The points selected define 3D sketches through 3D alpha shape representations. Furthermore, we define clutching and mapping functions and we present a novel visual feedback method for multi-user annotations. Finally, we performed an informal evaluation with expert users. Despite some ergonomic concerns, they confirmed an increase in perceived precision. In general, the requirements identified had been met and it was proposed to apply the 3D Sketch Slice methodology to other scenarios.