gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Functionalization of Purine Derivatives at Positions 8 and 6 Using Hindered TMP-Amide Bases of Zn and Mg (2013)

A broad range of purine derivatives were efficiently metalated at positions 8 and 6 using TMP-amide bases. This provided polysubstituted purines in good to very good yields after subsequent trapping of the zinc or magnesium intermediates with various electrophiles.
Reduce FCC corrosion (1984)

Efficiency of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) vapor recovery units can be significantly reduced by corrosion and fouling. The fundamentals of FCC light ends corrosion, including diagnoses, control and monitoring of hydrogen blistering, general metal loss, pitting, erosion and under-deposit attack are discussed, relating actual unit problems to effective treatment program solutions.
Delay of tympanic membrane wound healing in rats with topical application of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2008)

An animal model of chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is needed for experiments on supporting wound healing of TM perforations. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the regulation of wound healing. The object of this study was to investigate the efficacy of topical EGFR-inhibitor (erlotinib) to arrest wound healing of experimental TM perforation in rats. Bilateral instrumental myringotomies were performed in 13 male rats. A solution of erlotinib (10 mg/mL) was applied to one TM of each animal and vehicle only (control group) to the other side. The application procedure was repeated on both sides daily for 12 consecutive days. Thereafter, tympanic membranes were observed weekly for a total of 30 days. The mean healing period was found to be 12.1 days in the group with erlotinib and 6.4 days in the control group. The difference was significant. We observed differences in the histologic parameters between erlotinib group and control group. The inhibition of EGFR by topical application of erlotinib did delay the healing rate of myringotomies but seems not to be suitable to create a chronic TM perforation in rat.
The effect of chemical modification on the biological activity of oligonucleotide (2002)

Oligonucleotides have the ability to selectively block target gene and mRNA according to base-pair complementary binding at the process of replication and transcription of DNA, cutting, transfer or translation of mRNA, and thereby may become the kind of perfect therapeutic agents at genetic level. The biological activities of oligonucleotides depend mainly on their stabilization to nucleases, biological ingestion and specificity of combining or interaction with target gene.These physical and chemical properties of oligonucleotides can be improved by specific modification.It is a significantly important and potent method in which oligonucleotides are covalently linked to DNA intercalating agents or other chemical substitutes, resulting in effective improvement of biological activities of oligonucleotides.
Graphene Unit Cell Imaging by Holographic Coherent Diffraction (2013)

We have imaged a freestanding graphene sheet of 210 nm in diameter with 2 Å resolution by combining coherent diffraction and holography with low-energy electrons. The entire sheet is reconstructed from a single diffraction pattern displaying the arrangement of 660.000 individual graphene unit cells at once. Given the fact that electrons with kinetic energies of the order of 100 eV do not damage biological molecules, it will now be a matter of developing methods for depositing individual proteins onto such graphene sheets.
Immunolocalization of desmoglein and intermediate filaments in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (1995)

The results suggest that immunohistochemical examination of desmoglein and vimentin in oral squamous cell carcinomas is valuable in evaluating the malignant behavior of tumors.
The isolation of receiver effects from teleseismic<i>P</i>waveforms (1991)

Brief Report| December 01, 1991 The isolation of receiver effects from teleseismic P waveforms Charles J. Ammon Charles J. Ammon Earth Science Board Institute of Tectonics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, California 95060 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1991) 81 (6): 2504–2510. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810062504 Article history received: 11 Jun 1990 first online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Charles J. Ammon; The isolation of receiver effects from teleseismic P waveforms. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1991;; 81 (6): 2504–2510. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810062504 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Medical Safety and Side Effects of Methadone in Tolerant Individuals (1973)

In studies of patients having maintenance treatment for heroin addiction (stabilized with methadone hydrochloride in high doses of 80 to 120 mg daily), we found minimal side effects and no toxic effects. These studies have included a prospective study of the first consecutive 214 patients admitted to methadone treatment and reevaluation of the 129 patients of this group still in treatment after three or more years. In addition, we studied 1,435 methadone maintenance patients retrospectively and performed special studies on a smaller group. Abnormalities in liver function and serum protein tests, which were found in 57% and 49% of patients at admission, persisted without significant change during treatment. Increased sweating was reported by 48% and persistent constipation by 17% of patients after methadone treatment for three or more years.
Vascular phases in imaging and their role in focal liver lesions assessment (2016)

The incidental finding of a liver lesion with basic ultrasound is one of the most common clinical issues. Some of the liver lesions which present typical morphological B-mode features (e.g. cysts, typically localized focal fatty sparing/accumulations, hyperechoic hemangiomas) can be easily diagnosed by conventional ultrasound without the need of further diagnostic procedures. Others frequently necessitate further investigation with contrast-enhanced imaging techniques or biopsy in order to differentiate benign from malignant lesions and obtain a final diagnosis. This paper will discuss differences between vascular phases of different cross-sectional contrast-enhanced methods, as well as their subsequent benefits for focal liver lesions (FLLs) assessment, adding also a particular emphasis on small FLLs detection and characterization.
Proposed Method and Evaluation of the Monkey Neurovirulence Test for Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine (1961)

Journal Article Proposed Method and Evaluation of the Monkey Neurovirulence Test for Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine Get access Erwin L. Jungherr, Erwin L. Jungherr From the Viral and Rickettsial Research Section, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Victor J. Cabasso, Victor J. Cabasso From the Viral and Rickettsial Research Section, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arden W. Moyer, Arden W. Moyer From the Viral and Rickettsial Research Section, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herald R. Cox Herald R. Cox From the Viral and Rickettsial Research Section, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 108, Issue 3, May 1961, Pages 247–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/108.3.247 Published: 01 May 1961 Article history Received: 26 September 1960 Published: 01 May 1961
Acute-on-chronic liver failure: an update (2017)

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterised by acute decompensation of chronic liver disease associated with organ failures and high short-term mortality. Alcohol and chronic viral hepatitis are the most common underlying liver diseases. Up to 40%-50% of the cases of ACLF have no identifiable trigger; in the remaining patients, sepsis, active alcoholism and relapse of chronic viral hepatitis are the most common reported precipitating factors. An excessive systemic inflammatory response seems to play a crucial role in the development of ACLF. Using a liver-adapted sequential organ assessment failure score, it is possible to triage and prognosticate the outcome of patients with ACLF. The course of ACLF is dynamic and changes over the course of hospital admission. Most of the patients will have a clear prognosis between day 3 and 7 of hospital admission and clinical decisions such as evaluation for liver transplant or discussion over goals of care could be tailored using clinical scores. Bioartificial liver support systems, granulocyte-colony stimulating factors or stem-cell transplant are in the horizon of medical care of this patient population; however, data are too premature to implement them as standard of care.
Connected speech recognition on a multiple processor pipeline (2003)

The authors report on efforts to put a connected speech recognition application on the MARS hardware accelerator. The beam-search algorithm chosen for this purpose was decomposed on a functional basis, not on a data-partitioning basis as in other attempts. This allows for easy synchronization and static load balancing. Further flexibility is provided by retaining the hierarchical structure of the speech graph. The implementation is being tested on a 1000-word vocabulary and preprocessed input data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Long Neglected World Malaria Map: Plasmodium vivax Endemicity in 2010 (2012)

This detailed depiction of spatially varying endemicity is intended to contribute to a much-needed paradigm shift towards geographically stratified and evidence-based planning for P. vivax control and elimination.
Preparation of Colloidal Boehmite Needles by Hydrothermal Treatment of Aluminum Alkoxide Precursors (1991)

Fairly monodisperse colloidal boehmite fibrils with a high aspect ratio were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment at 150°C of an acidified aqueous alkoxide solution, prepared by adding an aqueous HCl solution to an aluminum alkoxide precursor. The average particle length could be controlled between about 100 and 500 nm by varying the initial amounts of alkoxide and acid. Using two different alkoxides in a 1:1 molar ratio yielded the most needlelike product, having a particle length standard deviation of 40%. The boehmite particles were polycrystalline and contained 0.14 mol of excess H 2 O per mol of AlOOH, bound to the particle surface.
Optimal Control of a Nonlinear Time‐Delay System in Batch Fermentation Process (2014)

The main control goal in batch process is to get a high yield of products. In this paper, to maximize the yield of 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD) in bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3‐PD, we consider an optimal control problem involving a nonlinear time‐delay system. The control variables in this problem include the initial concentrations of biomass and glycerol and the terminal time of the batch process. By a time‐scaling transformation, we transcribe the optimal control problem into a new one with fixed terminal time, which yields a new nonlinear system with variable time‐delay. The gradients of the cost and constraint functionals with respect to the control variables are derived using the costate method. Then, a gradient‐based optimization method is developed to solve the optimal control problem. Numerical results show that the yield of 1,3‐PD at the terminal time is increased considerably compared with the experimental data.
Enzymatic Fractionation of Carbon Isotopes by Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase from C<sub>4</sub> Plants (1973)

The carbon atoms of glucose and malate in C(4) plants are 2 to 3 per thousand enriched in (12)C with respect to atmospheric CO(2); whereas these intermediates in C(3) plants are 15 to 18 per thousand enriched with (12)C with respect to atmospheric CO(2). The enzymatic synthesis of malate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate in preparations of leaves of Sorghum bicolor, Haygrazer result in a carbon isotope fractionation of about 3 per thousand. The enzymatic synthesis of phosphoglyceric acid from ribulose 1,5-diP and CO(2) in these preparations (contaminated with carbonic anhydrase) at 24 C and 37 C result in a carbon isotope fractionation of 33.7 per thousand and 18.3 per thousand, respectively. These data are consistent with the conclusion that the small enrichment of (12)C in the carbon atoms of malate and glucose (with respect to atmospheric CO(2)) in leaves of Sorghum bicolor, Haygrazer occurs at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase step.
Association of Structural Changes in the V2 and V3 Loops of the gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein with Acquisition of Neutralization Resistance in a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Passaged In Vivo (2000)

The in vivo passage of a neutralization-sensitive, laboratory-adapted simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-HXBc2) generated a pathogenic, neutralization-resistant virus, SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2. SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 differs from SHIV-HXBc2 only in 13 amino acid residues of the viral envelope glycoproteins. Here we used antibody competition analysis to examine the structural changes that occurred in the SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein. The relationships among the antibody epitopes on the conserved gp120 core of SHIV-HXBc2 and SHIV-HXBc2P 3.2 were similar. The third variable (V3) loop was more closely associated with the fourth conserved (C4) region and CD4-induced epitopes on the gp120 core in the HXBc2P 3.2 gp120 glycoprotein compared with the HXBc2 gp120 glycoprotein. Rearrangements of the second variable (V2) loop with respect to the CD4 binding site and associated epitopes were evident in comparisons of the two gp120 glycoproteins. Thus, the in vivo evolution of a neutralization-resistant virus involves conformational adjustments of the V2 and V3 variable loops with respect to the conserved receptor-binding regions of the gp120 core.
Impact of Concentration of Ellagitannins in Oak Wood on Their Levels and Organoleptic Influence in Red Wine (2011)

Some wood substances such as ellagitannins can be extracted during wine aging in oak barrels. The level of these hydrolyzable tannins in wine depends of some parameters of oak wood. Their impact on the organoleptic perception of red wine is poorly known. In our research, oak staves were classified in three different groups according to their level of ellagitannins estimated by NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) online procedure (Oakscan). First, the ellagitannin level and composition were determine for each classified stave and an excellent correlation between the NIRS classification (low, medium and high potential level of ellagitannin) and the ellagitannin content estimated by HPLC-UV was found. Each different group of NIRS classified staves was then added to red wine during its aging in a stainless tank, and the extraction and evolution of the ellagitannins were monitored. A good correlation between the NIRS classification and the concentration of ellagitannins in red wine aging in contact with the classified staves was observed. The influence of levels of ellagitannins on the resulting wine perception was estimated by a trained judge's panel, and it reveals that the level of ellagitannins in wine has an impact on the roundness and amplitude of the red wine.
Infection rates following initial cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement across pediatric hospitals in the United States (2009)

Infections developed in > 11% of children who underwent uncomplicated initial CSF shunt placements within 24 months. Patient, hospital, and surgeon factors contributed somewhat to the wide variation in CSF shunt infection rates across hospitals. Additional factors may contribute to variation in CSF shunt infection rates between centers, but further study is needed. Benchmarking and future prospective multicenter studies of CSF shunt infection will need to incorporate these and other patient, hospital, and surgeon factors.
Shrinker: Efficient Wide-Area Live Virtual Machine Migration using Distributed Content-Based Addressing (2010)

Live virtual machine migration is a powerful tool offered by virtualization technologies. However, current implementations restrict its usage to local area networks. Extensions to wide-area networks have been proposed with systems for transferring disk state and transparently migrating network connections. Still, wide-area live migration remains expensive to use because of the bandwidth bottleneck, especially when considering migrations of large clusters of virtual machines rather than single instances. Previous work has shown that VMs running identical or similar operating systems have a significant portion of their memory containing the same data. In this paper, we introduce Shrinker, a live virtual machine migration system leveraging this common data to improve migration efficiency between data centers interconnected by wide-area networks. Shrinker uses distributed content-based addressing to detect memory pages of the migrated VM that are already available on the destination site, removing the need to transfer these pages over a wide-area link. We have implemented Shrinker in the KVM hypervisor and present performance evaluation in a distributed environment. We show that it is able to reduce wide-area bandwidth usage by 30 to 40% and migration time by 20%.
Ocean sustainability in the 21st century (2015)

List of contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgments 1. Issues regarding oceans and opportunities: an introduction to the book Salvatore Aric- 2. Main human uses of ocean areas and resources, impacts and multiple scales of governance Marjo Vierros, Rashid Sumaila and Rolph A. Payet 3. Physical and chemical changes in the ocean over basin-wide zones and decadal or longer time-scales: perspectives on current and future conditions Gunnar Kullenberg, Eddy Carmack and Kenneth Denman 4. Knowledge and implications of global change in the oceans for biology, ecology and ecosystem services Roberto Danovaro, Cristina Gambi and Cinzia Corinaldesi 5. A new perspective on changing Arctic marine ecosystems: panarchy adaptive cycles in pan-Arctic spatial and temporal scales Henry P. Huntington, Eddy Carmack, Paul Wassmann, Francis Wiese, Eva Leu and Rolf Gradinger 6. Ecosystem approach and ocean management Marjo Vierros, Ian D. Cresswell, Peter Bridgewater and Anthony D. M. Smith 7. Challenges in using valuation in ecosystem-based management in a marine context: the case of UK marine protected area designation Salman Hussain 8. The contribution of international scientific cooperation and related institutions to effective governance for the oceans: the cases of regional tsunami early warning systems and the Argo project Stefano Belfiore and Aurora Mateos 9. Emerging and unresolved issues: the example of marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction Marjo Vierros, Charlotte Salpin, Claudio Chiarolla and Salvatore Aric- 10. The assumption that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is the legal framework for all activities taking place in the sea Tullio Scovazzi 11. The legal regime of outer space in light of the Law of the Sea Viviana Iavicoli 12. Towards sustainable oceans in the twenty-first century Salvatore Aric-, Gunnar Kullenberg and Biliana Cicin-Sain.
JASPAR, the open access database of transcription factor-binding profiles: new content and tools in the 2008 update (2007)

JASPAR is a popular open-access database for matrix models describing DNA-binding preferences for transcription factors and other DNA patterns. With its third major release, JASPAR has been expanded and equipped with additional functions aimed at both casual and power users. The heart of the JASPAR database-the JASPAR CORE sub-database-has increased by 12% in size, and three new specialized sub-databases have been added. New functions include clustering of matrix models by similarity, generation of random matrices by sampling from selected sets of existing models and a language-independent Web Service applications programming interface for matrix retrieval. JASPAR is available at http://jaspar.genereg.net.
The Hammett Relationship in the Reduction of Aldehydes with 2-Propanol by Catalysis with Hydrous Zirconium Oxide (1988)

Abstract A linear correlation of the Hammett relationship was obtained for a catalytic reduction of substituted benzaldehydes with 2-propanol with hydrous zirconium oxide. The reaction constant ρ was 1.35, indicating that the electronic effect on the reaction is larger than that on the standard one.
Notification in VR (2019)

Virtual reality (VR) is commonly used for entertainment applications but is also increasingly employed for a large number of use cases such as digital prototyping or training workers. Here, VR is key to present an immersive secondary world. VR enables experiences that are close to reality, regardless of time and place. However, highly immersive VR can result in missing digital information from the real world, such as important notifications. For efficient notification presentation in VR, it is necessary to understand how notifications should be integrated in VR without breaking the immersion. Thus, we conducted a study with 24 participants to investigate notification placement in VR while playing games, learning, and solving problems. We compared placing notifications using a Head-Up Display, On-Body, Floating, and In-Situ in open, semi-open, and closed VR environments. We found significant effects of notification placement and task on how notifications are perceived in VR. Insights from our study inform the design of VR applications that support digital notifications.