gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gabriel‐Synthese primärer Amine (1968)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Kaliumphthalimid mit Halogenalkanen und mit vielen anderen Alkylierungsmitteln führt zu N‐Alkylphthalimiden, die durch Hydrolyse oder Hydrazinolyse in primäre Amine umgewandelt werden können. Anwendungsbereich und Grenzen dieser Reaktionen, die unter dem Namen Gabriel‐Synthese bekannt sind, werden in diesem Aufsatz besprochen.
Joint Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Uplink MIMO Cellular Networks (2014)

This paper presents a resource allocation framework for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying uplink MIMO cellular networks. At first, our aim is to address the sum-rate maximization problem of the cellular network with both D2D and cellular users. An algorithm based on pure random search is presented for obtaining the optimal resource allocation without using an exhaustive search. Then, we propose a noncooperative resource allocation game for the joint self-optimization of channel allocation, power control, and precoding of the D2D users in a more practical setting. The feasibility and existence of the pure strategy Nash equilibrium are then established. An iterative algorithm based on best response dynamic is then proposed to determine the feasible pure strategy Nash equilibrium under specific conditions. As the algorithm may not always converge, we devise a strategy refinement mechanism to tackle this issue based on the sum-rate criterion. Simulation results verify our theoretical analysis and findings.
COMBINED PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY WITH VERTEPORFIN AND INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2006)

In Brief Purpose: To examine the 7-month results for patients treated with combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin and intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: This is a retrospective series of 24 eyes with juxtafoveal or subfoveal CNV secondary to AMD. Patients were treated with PDT with verteporfin and 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab. All patients were naive to treatment and had either treatment within a 14-day interval. Main outcome measures were visual acuity stabilization (defined as no change or a gain in visual acuity) and retreatment rate. Results: At the 7-month follow-up, 20 (83%) of 24 patients had stabilization of visual acuity. Sixteen eyes (67%) had improvement in visual acuity. Mean improvement in visual acuity (n = 24) was 2.04 Snellen lines. Fifteen eyes (63%) required only a single combined treatment for CNV resolution. There were no complications, including endophthalmitis, uveitis, and ocular hypertension. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that combined treatment of PDT with verteporfin and intravitreal bevacizumab may be useful in treating neovascular AMD by reducing retreatment rates and improving visual acuity. Further investigation with large, controlled trials is warranted to outline the appropriate treatment paradigm for combination therapy. Mean improvement in vision of 2.04 lines, and in 63% of patients requiring only a single treatment of combined PDT with verteporfin and intravitreal bevacizumab, affirms the need for further investigation of combination treatment of neovascular AMD.
Different functional boundaries for the major antigenic region of two cytochromes c. (1991)

The antigenic sites of horse and rat cytochromes c in the major antigenic region were compared using a panel of variant cytochromes c and a large number of BALB/c mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in competitive ELISAs. The major antigenic region of cytochrome c is located on the surface opposite of that containing the exposed heme crevice. mAbs specific for this region on rat cytochrome c were affected in binding by amino acid substitutions at positions 62 and at one or more of positions 3, 100, 103, and 104 but not by a substitution at position 89. In contrast, mAbs specific for the same region on horse cytochrome c were affected by amino acid substitutions at positions 62, (probably) 60, and 89. Some, but not all, of the anti-horse cytochrome c mAbs were affected by amino acid substitutions at one or more of positions 3, 100, 103, and 104. Thus, the functional boundaries of this antigenic region are different for these two cytochromes c, as shown primarily by the differential effects of residue 89. This distinction is most likely due to one or more of the four amino acid differences between horse and rat cytochromes c on the antigenic surface that result in different physicochemical properties for the horse and rat proteins. The results suggest that as yet unidentified physicochemical parameters, possibly surface topography and/or charge distribution, influence the focusing of antibodies onto the surface of a protein antigen.
An Innovative Approach for Automatic CarCover (2013)

In this work an automatic car cover is proposed which will opens itself with the help of push button. It covers the whole car with a thin, but a strong material that not only protects the car from rain, dust and mud (in parked situation) but, also from minor scratches. An assembly of different diameter, concentric cylinders is used to form a hoisting pole and also, so that it could be contained in small space when not in use. The cover material is attached to the top of the innermost cylinder on both sides and to a rolling rod, which has the cover rolled on it. For the accomplishment of our task we are using a simple but dependable mechanism of rack-and-pinion gears. A flexible rack is attached to innermost of the 4 concentric, different diameter hollow cylinders. The pinion is attached to a motor, which derives its power from the car battery. As the pinion moves, the rack moves and pushes the innermost cylinder upwards. The bottom of every inner cylinder is attached to the top of the just outer cylinder, but providing the linear motion between the two. When the rack moves, the innermost cylinder is pushed, which in turn, after being completely hoisted makes the second inner cylinder to move. The After second the third cylinder is hoisted and with it the complete four cylinder pole structure is formed. After complete hoisting, whole structure is rotated along the rear parallel axis of the car. The cover takes the shape of the car and the car is well protected. After complete hoisting, whole structure is rotated along the rear parallel axis of the car. The cover takes the shape of the car and the car is well protected. It is most suited for sports car, because sports car generally have open roof.
Advanced adaptive null steering concepts for GPS (2002)

The problem of protecting the GPS signal from interference is addressed. A number of null steering techniques for use in conjunction with antenna arrays are compared and contrasted in terms of efficient use of available degrees of freedom and computational complexity. The techniques investigated range from the simple well known power minimization approach to a subspace constrained power minimization method that makes use of DOA estimates provided by a 2D version of ESPRIT. Limitations of the methods are addressed as well.
Clinical effects of a sorbent suspension dialysis system in treatment of hepatic coma (the BioLogic-DT). (1992)

Fifteen patients with acute deterioration of liver function, high serum ammonium, and an average coma level of 3.9 were identified. Eleven of the patients were on respirator support, and eleven had kidney failure pursuant to the liver failure. The patients were treated for 8-12 hours daily with the BioLogic-DT system, in which membranes of a cellulosic plate dialyzer actively pump blood through a single access at over 200 ml/min, and the dialysate contains a suspension of powdered activated charcoal (300,000 square meters surface area) and cation exchanger (160 meq capacity). No anticoagulant was used. In spite of the declining condition of the patients prior to treatment, there was a statistically significant improvement in neurologic status during individual treatments, and a positive trend over 1-12 (average four) daily treatments. Four patients recovered liver function and another four improved enough to receive a liver transplant operation. The BioLogic-DT system appears to be safe in treatment of patients with hepatic insufficiency and coma. The neurologic improvement of these patients indicates that many toxins of hepatic failure are dialyzable across cellulosic membranes and bound by charcoal.
ITtalks: a case study in the Semantic Web and DAML+OIL (2002)

Semantic Web markup languages will improve the automated gathering and processing of information and help integrate multiagent systems with the existing information infrastructure. The authors, describe their ITtalks system and discuss how Semantic Web concepts and DAML+OIL extend its ability to provide an intelligent online service.
Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States (1999)

The distribution of sites of infection in medical ICUs differed from that previously reported in NNIS ICU surveillance studies, largely as a result of anticipated low rates of surgical site infections. Primary bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections associated with invasive devices made up the great majority of nosocomial infections. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were more frequently associated with primary bloodstream infections than reported from NNIS ICUs of all types in the 1980s, and enterococci were a more frequent isolate from bloodstream infections than S. aureus. Fungal urinary tract infections, often asymptomatic and associated with catheter use, were considerably more frequent than previously reported. Invasive device-associated infections were associated with specific pathogens. Although device-associated site-specific infection rates are currently our most useful rates for performing comparisons between ICUs, the considerable variation in these rates between ICUs indicates the need for further risk adjustment.
Synthesis of 1-amino-1,2,3,14b-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-d]-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine and related compounds (1996)

The synthesis is described of the epimeric 1-amino-1,2,3,14b-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido [1,2-d]dibenzo [b,f][1,4]oxazepines 2 and their N-substituted analogues. The cis-amines 33, 36 and 38 were prepared from the ketone 31 by reduction of the corresponding oxime whereas the trans isomers 12, 50 and 51 were prepared from the 1-ethoxycarbonyl derivative 44 by Curtius degradation. Attempts to convert the trans alcohol 7 into the epimeric azido compound by an SN2 replacement reaction with sodium azide resulted in rearrangement to give the novel ring system, 14-azido-11-methoxy-1,2,14,14a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo [1,2-d] dibenzo [b,g][1,4] oxazocine 24 instead of the titled compounds.
Current mouse and cell models in prostate cancer research (2013)

Mouse models of prostate cancer (PCa) are critical for understanding the biology of PCa initiation, progression, and treatment modalities. Here, we summarize recent advances in PCa mouse models that led to new insights into specific gene functions in PCa. For example, the study of transgenic mice with TMPRSS2/ERG, an androgen-regulated fusion protein, revealed its role in developing PCa precursor lesions, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia; however, it is not sufficient for PCa development. Double deficiency of Pten and Smad4 leads to a high incidence of metastatic PCa. Targeted deletion of Pten in castration-resistant Nkx3-1-expressing cells results in rapid carcinoma formation after androgen-mediated regeneration, indicating that progenitor cells with luminal characteristics can play a role in initiation of PCa. Transgenic mice with activated oncogenes, growth factors, and steroid hormone receptors or inactivated tumor suppressors continue to provide insights into disease progression from initiation to metastasis. Further development of new PCa models with spatial and temporal regulation of candidate gene expression will probably enhance our understanding of the complex events that lead to PCa initiation and progression, thereby invoking novel strategies to combat this common disease in men.
A 174.3-dB FoM VCO-Based CT $\Delta \Sigma $ Modulator With a Fully-Digital Phase Extended Quantizer and Tri-Level Resistor DAC in 130-nm CMOS (2017)

This paper presents a high dynamic range (DR) power-efficient voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based continuous-time ΔΣ modulator. It introduces a robust and low-power fully-digital phase extended quantizer that doubles the VCO quantizer resolution compared to a conventional XOR-based phase detector. A tri-level resistor digital-to-analog converter is also introduced as complementary to the new quantizer, enabling high DR while creating a dynamic power saving mechanism for the proposed design. Fabricated in 130-nm CMOS, the analog-to-digital converter achieved peak Schreier Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of 174.3 dB with a high DR of 89 dB over 0.4-MHz BW, consuming only 1 mW under 1.2-V power supply. It also reaches a peak Walden FoM of 59 fJ/conv with 74.7-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio over 2-MHz BW.
Effects of alcohol on gene expression in neural cells (1994)

Our studies in the NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cell line previously showed that the molecular chaperonin, Hsc70, is an ethanol-responsive gene (EtRG) regulated at the level of transcription by ethanol. We recently identified two related molecular chaperonins, GRP94 and GRP78, as EtRGs with GRP94 mRNA abundance being induced by ethanol more than three-fold vs. control. Stable transfection studies show that GRP78 transcription is also regulated by ethanol and that ethanol also potentiates GRP78 induction by classical inducing agents such as tunicamycin. Recently, we have found that ethanol induction of Hsc70 may require cis-acting promoter sequences recognized by the DNA-binding protein Sp1. Chronic ethanol exposure does not alter Sp1 DNA-binding activity, thus suggesting a possible ethanol-induced post-translational modification that activates Sp1 function. We predict that the molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol regulation of Hsc70, GRP94 and GRP78 may be similar since they have related functions. GRP94 and GRP78 (GRP94/78) are known to be induced by agents which inhibit glycoprotein processing or deplete endoplasmic reticulum stores of calcium. In turn, induction of GRP78 expression is known to selectively alter the transport of glycoproteins and produce "tolerance" to depletion of sequestered intracellular calcium. The regulation of these genes by ethanol could thus relate to the known effects of ethanol on calcium homeostasis and protein trafficking. The actions of ethanol on chaperonin gene expression may have important mechanistic implications for CNS adaptation to ethanol, particularly if other EtRGs share the same regulatory mechanisms.
Concurrent Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Manifesting as a Collision Tumor in Breast (2007)

Collision tumors are rare clinical entities in which two histologically distinct tumor types show involvement in the same site. The occurrence of these tumors in the breast is extremely rare. Here, we present a case of a patient with both invasive ductal carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the breast. Wide excision with sentinel lymph node biopsy revealed palpably abnormal lymph nodes negative for breast carcinoma on frozen section. Histopathological examination of these lymph nodes showed extensive involvement by lymphoma and review of the breast specimen demonstrated the same lymphoma at the periphery of the ductal carcinoma. We review the literature and discuss possible etiologies for the dual presentation of both cancers.
Clostridium thermobutyricum sp. nov., a Moderate Thermophile Isolated from a Cellulolytic Culture, That Produces Butyrate as the Major Product (1989)

A new moderately thermophilic clostridium, Clostridium thermobutyricum, was isolated from cellulolytic enrichment cultures inoculated with horse manure. This organism forms subterminal spores, and the sporangium is not swollen. From glucose, the organism produces butyrate, CO2, and H2 and minor amounts of acetate and lactate. Yeast extract is required for good growth. The temperature range for growth is between 26 and 61.5°C. The pH range is between 5.8 and 9.0. The guanine-plus-cytosine content is 37 mol%. The type strain is C. thermobutyricum JW171K (= DSM 4928).
Fabrication of controlled slope attenuated phase-shift x-ray masks for 250 nm synchrotron lithography (1994)

This article reports the manufacturing process of 250 nm resolution x-ray masks featuring gold absorbers optimized for synchrotron radiation lithography in both thickness and absorber slope. X-ray optics modeling predicts that nonvertical absorber flanks may provide better linewidth control by suppressing higher spatial frequencies. To test these conclusions, masks were patterned by electron beam lithography at accelerating voltages of 30 kV with the final goal of developing various slopes and feature sizes. Monte Carlo simulation is used to predict the best exposure conditions. An intelligent usage of the resist thickness and exposure conditions allow us to exploit forward scattering of electrons to provide the required resist profile in a well controlled way. By adjusting exposure dose and development time, the slope profile can be altered from 90° to about 82°. We demonstrate that lines and spaces of 250 nm with controlled and repeatable profile slope of 87° are achievable in 400-nm-thick gold with good exposure latitude. Under such optimized process conditions a dose variation of 10% leads to a 10% linewidth change for 250 nm features. Exposure latitude for all the writing conditions was also determined. Finally, we performed x-ray exposure using a mask including both sloped and nonsloped absorbers using Suss XRS 200/2M aligner at the Centre for X-Ray Lithography of the University of Wisconsin (CXrL). The results confirmed the theoretical model used in image calculations, providing experimental evidence that the exposure latitude is not degraded, but actually improves in case of sloped patterns.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Glutamic Acid (2004)

Technology to convert biomass into chemical building blocks provides an opportunity to displace fossil fuels and increase the economic viability of biorefineries. Coupling fermentation capability with aqueous-phase catalysis provides novel routes to monomers and chemicals, including those not accessible from petrochemical routes. Glutamic acid provides a platform to numerous compounds through thermochemical approaches including hydrogenation, cyclization, decarboxylation, and deamination. Hydrogenation of amino acids also provides access to chiral compounds with high enantiopurity. This article details aqueous-phase hydrogenation reactions that we have developed that lead to valuable chemical intermediates from glutamic acid. In addition, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix- assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectral data are presented that provide a mechanistic picture of the reactions. The results show that hydrogenation of glutamic acid has unique characteristics from other amino acids and that paradigms in the literature do not hold up for this transformation.
Rearrangement of immunoglobulin .KAPPA. gene in a variant-type burkitt lymphoma cell line, KOBK101, carrying a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 8. (1986)

The immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene was rearranged in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line with the t(2;8) (p11;q24) translocation, KOBK101, showing recombination between the variable and the joining regions on one allele and an aberrant substitution of the region upstream of the J5 segment with an unknown sequence on another allele. Because DNA segments homologous to the consensus sequences of joining and switching regions of immunoglobulin genes were detected in the unknown sequence, we speculate that the system for either V-J or switching recombination in immunoglobulin genes may be involved in forming this unusual rearrangement.
Amniotic-Fluid Stem Cells: Growth Dynamics and Differentiation Potential after a CD-117-Based Selection Procedure (2011)

Amniotic fluid (AF) has become an interesting source of fetal stem cells. However, AF contains heterogeneous and multiple, partially differentiated cell types. After isolation from the amniotic fluid, cells were characterized regarding their morphology and growth dynamics. They were sorted by magnetic associated cell sorting using the surface marker CD 117. In order to show stem cell characteristics such as pluripotency and to evaluate a possible therapeutic application of these cells, AF fluid-derived stem cells were differentiated along the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic as well as the neuronal lineage under hypoxic conditions. Our findings reveal that magnetic associated cell sorting (MACS) does not markedly influence growth characteristics as demonstrated by the generation doubling time. There was, however, an effect regarding an altered adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation capacity in the selected cell fraction. In contrast, in the unselected cell population neuronal differentiation is enhanced.
Development and commercial use of Bollgard<sup>®</sup>cotton in the USA – early promises versus today's reality (2001)

Bollgard cotton is the trademark given to a number of varieties of cotton bio-engineered to produce an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). When produced by the modified cotton plants, this protein controls certain lepidopterous cotton insect pests. Commercially available since 1996, these cotton varieties are purchased under a license agreement in which the growers pay a fee and agree to abide by the terms, which include a 1-year license to use the technology and agreement to participate in an insect resistance management program. Today, Bollgard cotton is grown on more than one-third of all cotton acreage in the USA. This product has reduced cotton production costs and insecticide use by providing an effective alternative to chemical insecticides for the control of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens; cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea; and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella. The specificity and safety profile of the Bt protein produced in planta in cotton was maintained. It has retained its selectivity for lepidopterous insects and lacks the characteristics found in potential allergenic proteins. Fiber quality, the agronomic characteristics of the plant and seed composition remain unchanged. New cotton technology is being developed to provide improved insect control and a wider spectrum of activity. These future products could further reduce insecticide use in the production of cotton, while maintaining the high level of safety and reliability that has been demonstrated by five seasons of Bollgard cotton use.
Multipoint kinetic methods evaluated for quantitation of theophylline with prosthetic group label immunoassay. (1982)

We describe the development and evaluation of a multipoint kinetic approach to the measurement and data-processing steps in immunoassays. Nonlinear regression methods are used to fit data obtained during the kinetic phase of the immunochemical reaction to a model that represents the kinetic behavior of the total system. This approach is evaluated for quantitation of theophylline with a new reaction system in which FAD is the label in a homogeneous reaction system. Competition for antibody binding sites between drug and labeled drug is monitored by the activity of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) generated by the reaction of unbound label with apoglucose oxidase. The process is fit well by a parallel first-order/zero-order model and regression methods are used to predict steady-state velocities from non-steady-state portions of the response. One fitting method yields results in about 3 min after mixing, as compared with longer than 8 min for single-point fixed-time methods. Steady-state velocities vary linearly with theophylline concentration.