gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins in Tumours of the Lung (1986)

The proteins of solid lung tumours (15 adenocarcinomas and 10 squamous cell carcinomas) were examined by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared with the proteins of adjacent lung tissue which demonstrated no histological evidence of malignant transformation, and with the proteins of other malignant tumours and normal tissues. To investigate tumour cell-specific protein synthesis, we isolated malignant and normal cells enzymatically with collagenase, elastase, and DNase. Tissue and tumour cells were enriched in an additional step on a Percoll gradient. The 2-DE gel patterns derived from entire tissue and enriched tissue cell preparations were compared. No specific differences were found between the 2-DE protein patterns from adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, but three proteins identified on the 2-DE gels appeared to be tumour-associated. Spot A is present in non-neoplastic and neoplastic epithelial tissues. Spot B is pronounced in 2-DE gels of sarcomas, but is also present in preparations of other malignant tissues. Spot C is present in all malignant cell preparations. These three spots were also demonstrated in 2-DE protein patterns from tissue cultures of malignant cell lines. Spot B and spot C were also present in some normal tissues.
Named Entity Recognition without Labelled Data: A Weak Supervision Approach (2020)

Named Entity Recognition (NER) performance often degrades rapidly when applied to target domains that differ from the texts observed during training. When in-domain labelled data is available, transfer learning techniques can be used to adapt existing NER models to the target domain. But what should one do when there is no hand-labelled data for the target domain? This paper presents a simple but powerful approach to learn NER models in the absence of labelled data through weak supervision. The approach relies on a broad spectrum of labelling functions to automatically annotate texts from the target domain. These annotations are then merged together using a hidden Markov model which captures the varying accuracies and confusions of the labelling functions. A sequence labelling model can finally be trained on the basis of this unified annotation. We evaluate the approach on two English datasets (CoNLL 2003 and news articles from Reuters and Bloomberg) and demonstrate an improvement of about 7 percentage points in entity-level F 1 scores compared to an out-of-domain neural NER model.
Empowerment Evaluation: From Theory to Practice (2005)

This article will focus on the practical application of the principles and methods of empowerment evaluation. Empowerment evaluation, conceptualized by Dr. David M. Fetterman, is described as "the use of evaluation concepts, techniques, and findings to foster improvement and self-determination" (Fetterman 1997). (For a complete description of the empowerment evaluation model, see Fetterman's 2001 book Foundations of Empowerment Evaluation). While that description tends towards the abstract, the practical sum of the debate between proponents and critics appears to be that empowerment evaluation is somewhere between classical evaluation and evaluation training. It is unabashedly "customer-oriented," and it shares the burden of evaluation with the evaluated group. Because it straddles the boundary between evaluation and training, to many empowerment evaluation represents a controversial new twist on established evaluation ideas.
Gene Expression Factor Analysis to Differentiate Pathways Linked to Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Depression in a Diverse Patient Sample (2015)

Expression of candidate genes can be grouped into meaningful clusters, and CFS and depression are associated with the same 2 clusters, but in opposite directions, when controlling for comorbid FMS. Given high comorbid disease and interrelationships between biomarkers, EFA may help determine patient subgroups in this population based on gene expression.
Direct measurement of human-cone-photoreceptor alignment (1995)

We have developed an imaging reflectometer to measure cone-photoreceptor alignment. One makes measurements by bleaching the cone photopigment and imaging the distribution of light returning from the retina, which is illuminated from a small source imaged in the plane of the eye's pupil. If the source is near the optimal entry pupil position as determined psychophysically, the distribution of light returning from the retina is peaked, and the magnitude of the peak depends on the location of the source in the pupil of the eye. If the source is far from the optimal entry pupil position, then there is no measurable peak. The location of the peak varies across individuals and coincides with the reported location of best visibility of the measuring light and with previous psychophysical and reflectometric measurements of the Stiles-Crawford peak. The source of this directionality must arise either from the photoreceptors or from behind the photoreceptors because the peak is not present if measurements are made when the cone photopigments have high optical density.
Provenance-based trustworthiness assessment in sensor networks (2010)

As sensor networks are being increasingly deployed in decision-making infrastructures such as battlefield monitoring systems and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, making decision makers aware of the trustworthiness of the collected data is a crucial. To address this problem, we propose a systematic method for assessing the trustworthiness of data items. Our approach uses the data provenance as well as their values in computing trust scores, that is, quantitative measures of trustworthiness. To obtain trust scores, we propose a cyclic framework which well reflects the inter-dependency property: the trust score of the data affects the trust score of the network nodes that created and manipulated the data, and vice-versa. The trust scores of data items are computed from their value similarity and provenance similarity. The value similarity comes from the principle that "the more similar values for the same event, the higher the trust scores". The provenance similarity is based on the principle that "the more different data provenances with similar values, the higher the trust scores". Experimental results show that our approach provides a practical solution for trustworthiness assessment in sensor networks.
Multiple-rule bias in the comparison of classification rules (2011)

We have implemented in C code the synthetic data distribution model, classification rules, feature selection routines and error estimation methods. The code for multiple-rule analysis is implemented in MATLAB. The source code is available at http://gsp.tamu.edu/Publications/supplementary/yousefi11a/. Supplementary simulation results are also included.
Note (1947)

E. Pedley, J. Chem. Soc., 1947, 431 DOI: 10.1039/JR9470000431
Relocation of reconfigurable modules on Xilinx FPGA (2013)

This paper presents a design flow that allows relocation of reconfigurable modules on Xilinx FPGAs using dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR). Relocation of these modules is performed without requirements of re-implementing the design. The article describes the relocation procedure based on modifications of major address of the partial configuration bitstream. This approach allows using single partial bitstream for multiple areas in FPGA device. It reduces a number of partial bitstreams stored in memory, saves the implementation time and it can increase dependability of the system. The proposed flow is demonstrated on a simple example with multiplier and adder locations mutually exchanged.
Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle (2013)

Abstract Dr. Kimura has built upon his extensive experience teaching electromyography (EMG) around the world and has transferred his knowledge to this resource, which is intended for clinicians who perform electrodiagnostic procedures as an extension of their clinical examination. It covers noninvasive electrodiagnostic methods, particularly electromyography (EMG). This resource provides a comprehensive review of most peripheral nerve and muscle diseases, including specific techniques and locations for performing each test.
Zero-voltage-transition converters using an inductor feedback technique (2002)

A technique using inductor feedback is presented for achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS) in PWM controlled topologies. These converters exhibit low voltage and current stresses characteristic of hard-switched PWM converters, yet achieve ZVS with minimal current and voltage rating of the auxiliary soft-switching circuitry. Based on this technique, an experimental 730 W, 300 kHz boost converter is designed for universal off-line power factor correction. A complete analysis and a design procedure are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BY STRUCTURE PREDICTIONS SEQUENCE-STRUCTURE GAP (1996)

The problem of accurately predicting protein three-dimensional structure from sequence has yet to be solved. Recently, several new and promising methods that work in one, two, or three dimensions have invigorated the field. Modeling by homology can yield fairly accurate three-dimensional structures for approximately 25% of the currently known protein sequences. Techniques for cooperatively fitting sequences into known three-dimensional folds, called threading methods, can increase this rate by detecting very remote homologies in favorable cases. Prediction of protein structure in two dimensions, i.e. prediction of interresidue contacts, is in its infancy. Prediction tools that work in one dimension are both mature and generally applicable; they predict secondary structure, residue solvent accessibility, and the location of transmembrane helices with reasonable accuracy. These and other prediction methods have gained immensely from the rapid increase of information in publicly accessible databases. Growing databases will lead to further improvements of prediction methods and, thus, to narrowing the gap between the number of known protein sequences and known protein structures.
A phase I dose escalation trial of a daily oral CDK 4/6 inhibitor PD-0332991 (2007)

3550 Background: PD-0332991 is a novel oral inhibitor of CDK 4/6, which is active against Rb positive tumors and has never before been tested in humans. A phase I dose escalation trial of PD-0332991 administered as a daily oral single agent was conducted to investigate safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: PD-0332991 was administered daily for 21 days in 28-day cycles (Schedule 3/1) to patients in successive dose escalating cohorts at doses from 25 mg to 150 mg QD. An alternative schedule of 14 days dosing in 21-day cycles (Schedule 2/1) was tested at 100 mg to 225 mg QD. Patients with advanced Rb positive solid tumors were enrolled in the study. Results: Fifty-seven patients have been enrolled into the study. The most common tumor types were: breast, colorectal, liposarcoma, and melanoma. The median age across the study was 57 years. For Schedule 3/1, the MTD/RP2D was determined to be 125 mg QD. For Schedule 2/1, the MTD/RP2D is still to be identified but the maximum administered dose (MAD) was determined to be 225 mg QD. Six DLTs have been observed, all relating to myelosuppression. The most common AEs were neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, nausea, constipation, vomiting and diarrhea. Concentrations were moderately variable (% CV range in AUC on Day 8 of Cycle 1 was 14–64%) with dose-dependent increases in exposure observed following PD-0332991 administration (mean AUC (0–10 hr) values were 724 and 1,500 ng.hr/mL at the 125 mg and 225 mg dose levels, respectively). The effect of food on PD-0332991 pharmacokinetics is currently being evaluated. In Schedule 3/1, there have been 6 patients with stable disease (= 10 cycles) with 3 patients (one each with breast cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer) with stable disease for at least 20 cycles. In Schedule 2/1, one patient has had stable disease for at least 10 cycles. Updated data will be presented. Conclusions: The principal and dose limiting toxicity of PD- 0332991 is myelosuppression. The RP2D for Schedule 3/1 is 125 mg QD. The MAD has been determined for Schedule 2/1 as 225 mg QD and the dose in this schedule has been de-escalated to 200 mg QD to evaluate the MTD. Tumor specimens, when available, from patients in both schedules are also being tested for pharmacodynamic modulation of phospho-RB protein. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
LARGE SUPERCONDUCTING DC MOTOR DRIVES (1978)

This paper deals with superconducting homopolar motors. In the last 15 years a very considerable amount of development work has been undertaken and, as a consequence, large motors of up to about 60 mw at 100 rev/min are at the point of emerging into the market place. An application is described, viz, ship propulsion, which shows the potential of these machines.
Characterization of Clostridium acetobutylicum Protein Interaction Network from Butanol Fermentation (2013)

Successful industrial production of butanol requires an in depth knowledge of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Development of computational approaches for protein interaction studies enabled us to generate a predicted protein interaction network of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. In this study, over 400 proteins from C. acetobutylicum were identified during butanol fermentation using shotgun proteomics and from only 217 proteins, we predicted 1947 interactions. This analysis showed that C. acetobutylicum proteins form a highly interconnected network and the main represented functions were found to be protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. We further used this interaction data to analyse the enrichment of gene ontology terms and pathways in C. acetobutylicum. Our analysis revealed that biological processes such as translation, cellular protein metabolic process, biosynthetic process, and pathways including glycolysis, butanoate metabolism were significantly enriched in C. acetobutylicum during butanol fermentation. This study provides a novel insight into the functional mechanisms of C. acetobutylicum at the network level complementing the current knowledge in relation to this industrially important organism.
Time and Dose Effects of Mitomycin C on Extracellular Matrix Fibroblasts and Proteins (2005)

Mitomycin C demonstrated a long-term effect in a wound, inhibiting collagen and fibronectin production and inducing apoptosis. Use of mitomycin C in excess of 0.4 mg/mL did not alter protein concentrations or rate of apoptosis.
Induction of mammalian cell death by simple shear and extensional flows (2009)

In this work we investigated whether the type of shear flow, to which cells are exposed, influences the initiation of cell death. It is shown that mammalian cells, indeed, distinguish between discrete types of flow and respond differently. Two flow devices were employed to impose accurate hydrodynamic flow fields: uniform steady simple shear flow and oscillating extensional flow. To distinguish between necrotic and apoptotic cell death, fluorescence activated cell sorting and the release of DNA in the culture supernatant was used. Results show that Chinese Hamster Ovaries and Human Embryonic Kidney cells will enter the apoptotic pathway when subjected to low levels of hydrodynamic stress (around 2.0 Pa) in oscillating, extensional flow. In contrast, necrotic death prevails when the cells are exposed to hydrodynamic stresses around 1.0 Pa in simple shear flow or around 500 Pa in extensional flow. These threshold values at which cells enter the respective death pathway should be avoided when culturing cells for recombinant protein production to enhance culture longevity and productivity.
Middle ear disease and the practice of pediatrics. Burden during the first five years of life (1983)

To determine the burden on pediatricians imposed by disease of the middle ear, we analyzed data from 2,570 children followed up prospectively since birth. Disease of the middle ear accounted for a large proportion of all visits made during the first five years of life, rising from 22.7% during the first year to about 40% in years 4 and 5. About one visit in three made for illness of any kind resulted in the diagnosis of disease of the middle ear. Approximately three fourths of all visits to follow up any illness were made to follow up disease of the middle ear. Disease of the middle ear was diagnosed at between 5% and 10% of all well-baby visits. Children from private practice averaged fewer visits for all reasons than did children using a large neighborhood health center, but the proportions of visits accounted for by disease of the middle ear were similar in both settings. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1026-1029)
Novel 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) Receptor Antagonists. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 9-Methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydrothiopyrano(2,3-b)indol-4-one Derivatives. (1997)

Novel 9-methyl-4,9-dihydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]indol-4-one derivatives 2b-e, 3-methylene-9-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]indol-4-on e derivatives 3b-e and 9-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]indol-4-one derivatives 4a-e were prepared. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor-antagonistic activities of these compounds were evaluated by using the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex test (B. J. reflex, rats) and the contractile response to 5-HT in the isolated distal colon (guinea pig). The 5-ethyl-4-imidazolyl derivative 4d was found to be 79 times more potent than ondansetron 1 in the B. J. reflex test (ID50 = 0.048 microgram/kg, i.v.), and the 5-methyl-4-imidazolyl derivative 4c was found to be 126 times more potent than 1 in the colonic contraction (IC50 = 0.0062 microM) assay.
Differences Between the English and the German Law Relating to Negotiable Instruments (1957)

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Optimizing Photographic Information Transfer By CRT - A Technology And Applications Review (1984)

This paper reviews the development of technology for optimizing the reproduction of aerial, medical and other photography by scanning-type photo printing systems, utilizing a cathode ray tube as light source. The basic method of controlling exposure level and detail contrast in a reproduction, by means of an unsharp luminous mask generated by a scanning printing light source, was devised several decades ago and has reached a high state of development. Central to the luminous mask concept is the principle that the image itself is not dissected and reconstructed as in a video imaging system. It is embodied in a variety of photographic devices: contact printers, strip printers, enlargers and reducers, for both black and white and color reproduction. Recent developments have resulted in more efficient operation of the cathode ray tube light source and made possible the exposure of relatively insensitive reproduction materials such as dry silver and duplicating films at rates which are significantly faster than previously possible. Automatic evaluation of exposure and contrast control requirements has been implemented in medical x-ray microfilming applications and is under development in aerial and industrial radiography systems.
Lactones 41. Synthesis and Microbial Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Terpenoid Lactones with p-Menthane Ring Systems (2013)

Racemic [(±)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-oxa-cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en-8-one] and optically active δ,ε-unsaturated lactones [(-)-(1R,6R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en-8-one and (+)-(1S,6S)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0] non-4-en-8-one)] with the p-menthane system were obtained and their odoriferous properties were evaluated. Biotransformations of the racemic lactone with three fungal strains: Absidia cylindrospora AM336, Absidia glauca AM177 and Syncephalastrum racemosum AM105, were carried out. Microbial transformations afforded hydroxylactones with the hydroxy group in the allylic position.
History, Memory, Migration (2014)

Abstract Theoretical perspectives concerning migration, memory and history are explored along with the methodological context that forms the basis of the research for this book.
Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometric analysis of ubiquitylated proteins in Arabidopsis (2009)

Protein ubiquitylation is a central regulatory mechanism that controls numerous processes in plants, including hormone signaling, developmental progression, responses to biotic and abiotic challenges, protein trafficking and chromatin structure. Despite data implicating thousands of plant proteins as targets, so far only a few have been conclusively shown to be ubiquitylated in planta. Here we describe a method to isolate ubiquitin-protein conjugates from Arabidopsis that exploits a stable transgenic line expressing a synthetic poly-UBQ gene encoding ubiquitin (Ub) monomers N-terminally tagged with hexahistidine. Following sequential enrichment by Ub-affinity and nickel chelate-affinity chromatography, the ubiquitylated proteins were trypsinized, separated by two-dimensional liquid chromatography, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Our list of 54 non-redundant targets, expressed by as many as 90 possible isoforms, included those predicted by genetic studies to be ubiquitylated in plants (EIN3 and JAZ6) or shown to be ubiquitylated in other eukaryotes (ribosomal subunits, elongation factor 1alpha, histone H1, HSP70 and CDC48), as well as candidates whose control by the Ub/26S proteasome system is not yet appreciated. Ub attachment site(s) were resolved for a subset of these proteins, but surprisingly little sequence consensus was detected, implying that specific residues surrounding the modified lysine are not important determinants for ubiquitylation. We also identified six of the seven available lysine residues on Ub itself as Ub attachment sites, together with evidence for a branched mixed-linkage chain, suggesting that the topologies of Ub chains can be highly complex in plants. Taken together, our method provides a widely applicable strategy to define ubiquitylation in any tissue of intact plants exposed to a wide range of conditions.
GaAs–AlGaAs DH Lasers with Buried Facet (1978)

A GaAs–AlGaAs DH laser with a buried facet into AlGaAs epitaxial layers is presented. This buried facet laser shows no facet degradation even when immersed in hot water. Recognizing the facet boiling experiment as an accelerated test of facet erosion, the AlGaAs facet of this laser seems to be highly reliable as compared with that of a conventional one. Another feature of the buried facet laser is found in its relatively narrow far-field pattern: Optical radiation power is concentrated within 50 deg., so that an efficient coupling to the fiber was achieved. These characteristics found in the buried facet lasers are advantageous for the light sources of high output power.