gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Kidney Tissue in Metabolism of Vitamin D (1971)

When, in 1966, radioactive vitamin D3 of high specific activity was prepared, a reasonable approach became available to the question of whether vitamin D was active as such or whether it had to be first converted to metabolically active forms. Thus, Lund and DeLuca1 demonstrated the existence of polar metabolites that not only proved to be more effective than vitamin D3 in the treatment of rickets but also could act much more rapidly than the parent vitamin D3 in initiating intestinal calcium transport and in initiating bone mineral mobilization, both fundamental actions of the vitamin. This discovery . . .
Abstract PD1-3: Ph1b study of the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0032 in combination with fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (2013)

Abstract Background: GDC-0032 is a next-generation PI3K inhibitor with increased anti-tumor activity against PIK3CA mutant cancers. GDC-0032 is an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of Class I PI3K alpha, delta, and gamma isoforms, with 30-fold less inhibition of the PI3K beta isoform relative to the PI3K alpha isoform. Preclinical data show that GDC-0032 has enhanced activity against PI3K alpha isoform (PIK3CA) mutant breast cancer cell lines. Preclinical data also show enhanced antitumor activity when GDC-0032 is combined with fulvestrant. Material and Methods: A Phase 1b dose escalation study was conducted with evaluation of GDC-0032 doses ranging from 6-9 mg QD in combination with fulvestrant 500mg q4wk (with loading dose of 500mg at day 1, 14 and 28) in a modified 3+3 design. A dose expansion cohort was conducted at the recommended Phase 2 dose of 6 mg QD. Safety and tolerability of GDC-0032 was assessed, as well as pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment of PI3K pathway inhibition by paired tumor biopsies and by FDG-PET, and anti-tumor activity by RECIST. Results: As of 1 Mar 2013, 17 patients were enrolled onto this study with the completion of dose escalation. No dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed at either the 6 mg or 9 mg dose levels. Adverse events (AEs) assessed by the investigator as related to GDC-0032 in ≥10% of patients, were diarrhea, hyperglycemia, stomatitis, fatigue, asthenia, decreased appetite, nausea, mucosal inflammation and rash. No observed apparent PK interactions were observed between GDC-0032 and fulvestrant. The median number of prior systemic therapies was 6. Metabolic partial responses via FDG-PET (≥ 20% decrease in mSUVmax) were observed in 8 out of 11 patients assessed (73%). Confirmed partial responses by RECIST have been observed at both the 6mg and 9mg GDC-0032 dose levels. These include patients who have had prior treatment with fulvestrant. As of 29 May 2013, enrollment onto the dose escalation and expansion cohort has been completed (n = 27). Updated data on safety, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and biomarker correlates will be presented. Conclusions: The combination of GDC-0032 and fulvestrant is a well-tolerated regimen with promising preliminary efficacy. GDC-0032 is being further investigated in combination with fulvestrant for patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD1-3.
Heart Rate Dynamics After Acute Cocaine Administration (1992)

We examined heart rate (HR) patterns after a bolus intravenous (i.v.) administration of a high (10 mg/kg) dose of cocaine in unrestrained cats. Mean R-R intervals, SD, and other measures of variability were assessed in three periods: waking baseline, early postcocaine administration, and later recovery periods. Cocaine resulted in initial tachycardia and reduced HR variability. This reduction in variability was independent of changes in the average rate: during the recovery period, HR returned to baseline values, but the reduced variability persisted. Nonlinear methods of assessment yielded additional results: Cocaine introduces a high correlation between one beat and the next and a tendency for cardiac accelerations to be followed immediately by decelerations and vice versa. The overall effect of the drug is to restrict deviation from a fixed rate.
Caspase14 expression is associated with triple negative phenotypes and cancer stem cell marker expression in breast cancer patients (2017)

High CASP14 expression is a marker of breast cancer aggressiveness in association with proliferation, TNBC phenotype, and cancer stemness.
TimeStream (2013)

TimeStream is a distributed system designed specifically for low-latency continuous processing of big streaming data on a large cluster of commodity machines. The unique characteristics of this emerging application domain have led to a significantly different design from the popular MapReduce-style batch data processing. In particular, we advocate a powerful new abstraction called resilient substitution that caters to the specific needs in this new computation model to handle failure recovery and dynamic reconfiguration in response to load changes. Several real-world applications running on our prototype have been shown to scale robustly with low latency while at the same time maintaining the simple and concise declarative programming model. TimeStream handles an on-line advertising aggregation pipeline at a rate of 700,000 URLs per second with a 2-second delay, while performing sentiment analysis of Twitter data at a peak rate close to 10,000 tweets per second, with approximately 2-second delay.
CLoTH: a Simulator for HTLC Payment Networks (2018)

The Lightning Network (LN) is one of the most promising off-chain scaling solutions for Bitcoin, as it enables off-chain payments which are not subject to the well-known blockchain scalability limit. In this work, we introduce CLoTH, a simulator for HTLC payment networks, of which LN is the best working example. It simulates input-defined payments on an input-defined HTLC network and produces performance measures in terms of payment-related statistics, such as time to complete payments and probability of payment failure. CLoTH helps to predict issues that might arise in the development of an HTLC payment network, and to estimate the effects of an optimisation before deploying it. In upcoming works we'll publish the results of CLoTH simulations.
Intersection Collision Avoidance: From Driver Alerts to Vehicle Control (2015)

Intersection Collision Avoidance (ICA) based on Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) is one of the most promising applications for vehicle communications. System implementations based on vehicle sensors suffer from field of view limitations that vehicle communications do not exhibit. This makes particularly interesting the adoption of DSRC in combination with other onboard sensors to address intersection crash scenarios. State-of-the-art DSRC-based intersection collision avoidance systems, notably the Intersection Movement Assist (IMA) application, are aimed to issue audible and visual alerts to the driver. This paper describes an implementation of Intersection Collision Avoidance that extends the IMA concept to cover a wider range of intersection collision scenarios and introduces automated braking as a system response when a high risk of a collision is detected and the driver does not react to the alerts.
Phase 1 study of intravenous rigosertib (ON 01910.Na), a novel benzyl styryl sulfone structure producing G2/M arrest and apoptosis, in adult patients with advanced cancer. (2013)

Rigosertib (ON 01910.Na), a synthetic novel benzyl styryl sulfone, was administered to 28 patients with advanced cancer in a Phase I trial in order to characterize its pharmacokinetic profile, determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), define the recommended phase II dose (RPTD) and to document any antitumor activity. Patients with advanced malignant neoplasms refractory to standard therapy were given escalating doses of rigosertib (50, 100, 150, 250, 325, 400, 650, 850, 1,050, 1,375, 1,700 mg/m(2)/24h) as a 3-day continuous infusion (CI) every 2 weeks. An accelerated Fibonacci titration schedule with specified decreases for toxicities was used for escalation until grade ≥2 toxicity occurred. Intrapatient dose escalation was allowed if toxicity was grade ≤2 and the disease remained stable. Plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and urinary PK assessments were studied in the 1st and 4th cycles. Twenty-nine patients (12 men and 17 women; age 36-87 y with a median of 63 y) were registered, but one died before study drug was given. Twenty-eight patients received a median of 3 cycles of therapy. Most common grade ≥2 toxicities attributable to rigosertib included fatigue, anorexia, vomiting and constipation. DLTs included muscular weakness, hyponatremia, neutropenia, delirium and confusional state. Risk factors for severe toxicities include pre-existing neurological dysfunction or advanced gynecologic cancer after pelvic surgery. Rigosertib pharmacokinetics showed rapid plasma distribution phases and urinary excretion. Elevations in plasma Cmax and AUC due to decreases in plasma clearance were associated with acute grade ≥3 toxicities. Of 22 evaluable patients, 9 (41%) achieved a best overall response of stable disease; all other patients (n=13; 59%) progressed. The median progression-free survival time was 50 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37-80 days). Nine (41%) patients survived for over 1 y. In summary, prolonged IV infusions of rigosertib were generally well tolerated. Nine (41%) patients achieved stable disease and 9 (41%) patients survived for over 1 year. The RPTD appears to be 850 mg/m(2)/24hr CI x 3 days. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01538537).
Regulatory and structural motifs of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase. (1990)

The amino acid sequence for chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) was deduced from a full-length cDNA. This has allowed definition of both the complete sequence of the inactive 64-kDa proteolytic fragment, which contains the pseudosubstrate autoregulatory sequence, and of the active 61-kDa Ca2+/calmodulin-independent fragment, which lacks the autoregulatory domain. Comparison of the two sequences shows that the autoregulatory domain extends from Asn-780 to Arg-808. The peptide Leu-774 to Ser-787 does not inhibit smMLCK, whereas peptides of similar or shorter length from the pseudosubstrate region (Ser-787 to Val-807) are potent inhibitors. These data define the autoregulatory region as being contained within and probably identical to the pseudosubstrate domain. The catalytic and regulatory regions are flanked by several copies of 100-amino acid segments containing one of two consensus motifs. These motifs are absent from mammalian skeletal muscle MLCK or from Dictyostelium discoideum MLCK but are present in the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-22 gene product and the titin molecule of skeletal muscle myofibrils. These results indicate that the amino acid sequence of smMLCK encodes multiple functional motifs in addition to the catalytic domain.
Evidence for an association of prion protein and sphingolipid‐mediated signaling (2008)

The physiological function of the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) is unclear. PrP(c) associates with lipid rafts, highly glycolipid-rich membrane domains containing a large variety of signaling molecules, e.g., sphingolipids (SL). In this study, we investigated possible connections between PrP(c) and sphingolipid-associated signaling pathways. Using PrP(c)-wt and PrP(c)-k.o. hippocampal cell lines and mouse brains we showed higher activity of neutral and acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) in PrP(c)-k.o.-groups, while ceramide and sphingomyelin-levels were unchanged. Furthermore, despite lower basal expression levels of sphingosine kinase (SphK) in PrP(c)-k.o.-groups, the levels of its metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate were increased, whereas S1P(3)-receptor expression was higher in PrP(c)-wt-groups again. In addition, we detected enhanced activity of phospholipase D1, an enzyme that seems to be suitable to act as a connector between the S1P(3) receptor and continuative signaling. Finally, evidence for an impact on downstream signaling cascades, especially activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, was found. In summary, our data suggest that PrP(c) is involved in sphingolipid-associated signaling, modulating pathways that exert anti-apoptotic functions, hence indicating that PrP(c) plays a role in neuroprotection.
ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF STICKIE CONTAMINANTS (1997)

Stickie contaminants are a costly problem for both recyclers of market pulp and the papermakers using it. Increased use of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) has compounded this problem in recycled furnishes. Preliminary laboratory experiments using commercially available enzyme preparations at the ambient pH of the paper furnish (neutral pH range) have resulted in a significant reduction of all residual contaminants, including stickies. We found in recent laboratory trials that pulping with either cellulase, lipase, or a mixture of both enzymes at the ambient pH of mixed office paper removed the adhesives more effectively than did conventional alkaline pulping at pH 10. To confirm these preliminary results, a pilot plant scale-up, including pressure screening, will be run at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, and results will be presented at the 1997 TAPPI Pulping Conference. Comparative process water quality will be monitored and residual stickies quantified at various stages of recycling. Process water will also be analyzed for colloidal and dissolved micro-stickies.
Night temperature and number of nodes and flowering of the main stem of glasshouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). (1982)

Plants of the cucumber cv. Farbio (all-female) were planted on 13 or 27 December, 10 or 24 January and grown at 3 minimum night temperatures, 12, 16 or 20 deg C from planting until 1 April. Node number/stem increased as the night temperature fell. Internodes were longer with later planting and on plants on inner rather than outer rows; these responses could not be related to light intensity alone. The number of flowers/stem was determined by the number of nodes bearing flowers and the number of flowers/node. More flowers/node occurred towards the top of the plant and late planting increased flowering at all nodes; the night temperature had little effect on numbers but these were highest at 16 deg . Earliness to flower of the first flowers/axil and the intensity of flowering both rose with temperature. Flowering was delayed only slightly by later planting. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
THE ARCTIC SOLDIER: POSSIBLE RESEARCH SOLUTIONS FOR HIS PROTECTION (1964)

Abstract : The results are summarized of a research program on auxiliary heating with minimum power. The program established the feasibility of 2 approaches: auxiliary heating for the extremeties of the body and a conditioned air-clothing system that probably has primary application in hot and/or toxic environments but could handle cold easily. Protection of the inactive soldier in extremely cold environments was resolved in terms of the parameters of weight and cost. A 7-lb prototype system was adequate to meet military characteristics of providing 8 hours of protection for the inactive man at -40 degrees F with a 3 mile/hour wind. Improvement in the weight factor can be anticipated as power source development improves over the current 16 watt-hours/pound. A more immediate use of auxiliary heated handware and footware is in areas where power is available such as military vehicles, radio and radar equipment, and missiles. The auxiliary heating system developed is compatible with a 12- or 24-v AC or DC power source.
Covert distinction: how hipsters practice food-based resistance strategies in the production of identity (2012)

This paper reveals the processes by which food is used to express resistance to the mainstream and perform identity work within the hipster community of consumption. Based on the findings of a qualitative investigation, several resistance strategies involving food emerged: Vegetarian choices; Brand choices and avoidances; and Decommodification practices. We discuss how these strategies are framed by hipsters' discursive distaste for the commercial food marketing system but are, in practice, operationalised as subtle ways to achieve proper representation of their collective identity within the marketplace. Mundane consumption emerges as motor-force in allowing these consumers to surreptitiously maintain distinction and to protect their within-group identity from mainstream co-optation. We conclude by suggesting that the inconspicuous nature of mundane consumables such as food and alcohol products allows for idiosyncratic shared community performances that are covert and difficult for broader social currents to detect and co-opt.
A Selective NF&kappa;B Inhibitor, DHMEQ, Reduced Atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice (2006)

A new NFkappaB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, reduced atherosclerosis without affecting plasma lipid levels in apoE-deficient mice.
New somatic mutations and<i>WNK1-B4GALNT3</i>gene fusion in papillary thyroid carcinoma (2015)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid malignant neoplasia. Oncogene activation occurs in more than 70% of the cases. Indeed, about 40% of PTCs harbor mutations in BRAF gene, whereas RET rearrangements (RET/PTC oncogenes) are present in about 20% of cases. Finally, RAS mutations and TRK rearrangements account for about 5% each of these malignancies. We used RNA-Sequencing to identify fusion transcripts and mutations in cancer driver genes in a cohort of 18 PTC patients. Furthermore, we used targeted DNA sequencing to validate identified mutations. We extended the screening to 50 PTC patients and 30 healthy individuals. Using this approach we identified new missense mutations in CBL, NOTCH1, PIK3R4 and SMARCA4 genes. We found somatic mutations in DICER1, MET and VHL genes, previously found mutated in other tumors, but not described in PTC. We identified a new chimeric transcript generated by the fusion of WNK1 and B4GALNT3 genes, correlated with B4GALNT3 overexpression. Our data confirmed PTC genetic heterogeneity, revealing that gene expression correlates more with the mutation pattern than with tumor staging. Overall, this study provides new data about mutational landscape of this neoplasia, suggesting potential pharmacological adjuvant therapies against Notch signaling and chromatin remodeling enzymes.
Antioxidant and Apoptotic Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Urtica dioica on the MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (2013)

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and one of the leading causes of death among women in the world. Plants and herbs may play an important role in complementary or alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative potential of Urtica dioica. The anti oxidant activity of an aqueous extract of Urtica dioica leaf was measured by MTT assay and the FRAP method while its anti-proliferative activity on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and fibroblasts isolated from foreskin tissue was evaluated using MTT assay. Mechanisms leading to apoptosis were also investigated at the molecular level by measuring the amount of anti and pro-apoptotic proteins and at the cellular level by studying DNA fragmentation and annexin V staining by flow cytometry. The aqueous extract of Urtica dioica showed antioxidant effects with a correlation coefficient of r(2)=0.997. Dose-dependent and anti-proliferative effects of the extract were observed only on MCF-7 cells after 72 hrs with an IC50 value of 2 mg/ml. This anti proliferative activity was associated with an increase of apoptosis as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, the appearance of apoptotic cells in flow cytometry analysis and an increase of the amount of calpain 1, calpastatin, caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax and Bcl-2, all proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway. This is the first time such in vitro antiproliferative effect of aqueous extract of Urtica dioica leaf has been described for a breast cancer cell line. Our findings warrant further research on Urtica dioica as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer.
Contributions to mathematical economics in honor of Gérard Debreu (1986)

General Equilibrium with Rational Expectations (B. Allen). 2. Notions of Core Convergence (R.M. Anderson). 3. The Class of Aggregate Excess Demand Functions (Y. Balasko). 4. On the Existence of Bertrand-Edgeworth Equilibria with Differentiated Commodities (J.-P. Benassy). 5. Stationary Monetary Equilibrium with a Continuum of Independently Fluctuating Consumers (T.F. Bewley). 6. Equilibrium and Optimality in a Sequence of Markets with Transactions Costs (L.E. Blume). 7. Existence of Equilibria with Price Regulation (V. Bohm). 8. Topological Complexity of Manifolds of Preferences (G. Chichilnisky). 9. Surplus Maximization and Pareto Optimality (E. Dierker and J. Lenninghaus). 10. Non-existence of Cournot-Walras Equilibrium in a General Equilibrium Model with Two Oligopolists (H. Dierker and B. Grodal). 11. Moral Expectation with Moral Hazard (J.H. Dreze). 12. Hedging of Non-redundant Contingent Claims (H. Follmer and D. Sondermann). 13. Periodic and Aperiodic Behaviour in Discrete One-dimensional Dynamical Systems (J.-M. Grandmont). 14. On the Mean Income Effect: A Data Analysis of the U.K. Family Expenditure Survey (K. Hildenbrand and W. Hildenbrand). 15. The Effectivity Function Approach to the Core (T. Ichiishi). 16. Engel Curves, Marginal Utility of Income, and Concavifiable Preferences (Y. Kannai). 17. Valuation Equilibrium and Pareto Optimum Revisited (A. Mas-Colell). 18. Non-cooperative Marshallian-like Foundations for General Equilibrium Theory (W. Novshek and H. Sonnenschein). 19. An Allocation Rule Using Linear Excess Demand Functions (M. Okuno and D. Schmeidler). 20. Can Bounded Rationality Resolve the Prisoners' Dilemma ? (R. Radner). 21. Notes on the Core of a Productive Economy (H.E. Scarf). 22. Exchange Equilibrium (K. Vind).
Late-Onset Epilepsy Associated with Regional Brain Cortical Dysplasia (1999)

Onset of epilepsy with various forms of CD may be delayed until adolescence or adulthood. Prognosis of epilepsy is usually more favorable in these cases.
Robustness in design and background variations in metamaterial/plasmonic cloaking (2008)

Here we discuss our recent numerical results concerning the robustness of the scattering cancellation effect produced by a plasmonic cloak with near‐zero permittivity and correspondingly negative polarizability. Being based on an integral effect and on an intrinsically nonresonant phenomenon, we show how variations of the geometrical parameters of the design and changes in the background do not sensibly affect the invisibility properties of the plasmonic/metamaterial cloak. Design examples are presented and discussed in order to highlight this robustness and to provide some insights into this cloaking phenomenon, different from other cloaking techniques recently presented in the literature.
An Algorithm for Online K-Means Clustering (2014)

This paper shows that one can be competitive with the k-means objective while operating online. In this model, the algorithm receives vectors v_1,...,v_n one by one in an arbitrary order. For each vector the algorithm outputs a cluster identifier before receiving the next one. Our online algorithm generates ~O(k) clusters whose k-means cost is ~O(W*). Here, W* is the optimal k-means cost using k clusters and ~O suppresses poly-logarithmic factors. We also show that, experimentally, it is not much worse than k-means++ while operating in a strictly more constrained computational model.