gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ExCage (2014)

Cyclophanes, especially those where pyridinium units in conjugation with each other are linked up face-to-face within platforms that are held approximately 7 Å apart by rigid linkers, are capable of forming inclusion complexes with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with high binding affinities as a result of a combination of noncovalent bonding interactions, including face-to-face [π···π] stacking and orthogonal [C-H···π] interactions. Here, we report the template-directed, catalyst-assisted synthesis of a three-fold symmetric, extended pyridinium-based, cage-like host (ExCage(6+)) containing a total of six π-electron-deficient pyridinium units connected in a pairwise fashion by three bridging p-xylylene linkers, displayed in a trigonal (1,3,5) fashion around two opposing and parallel 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridinium)benzene platforms. The association constants (K(a)) of eight complexes have been measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in acetonitrile and were found to span the range from 2.82 × 10(3) for naphthalene up to 5.5 × 10(6) M(-1) for perylene. The barriers to decomplexation, which were measured in DMF-d7 for phenanthrene, pyrene, triphenylene, and coronene by dynamic (1)H NMR spectroscopy undergo significant stepwise increases from 11.8 → 13.6 → 15.5 → >18.7 kcal mol(-1), respectively, while complexation experiments using rapid injection (1)H NMR spectroscopy in DMF-d7 at -55 °C revealed the barriers to complexation for pyrene and coronene to be 6.7 and >8 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The kinetic and thermodynamic data reveal that, in the case of ExCage(6+), while the smaller PAHs form complexes faster than the larger ones, the larger PAHs form stronger complexes than the smaller ones. It is also worthy of note that, as the complexes become stronger in the case of the larger and larger PAHs, the Rebek 55% solution formula for molecular recognition in the liquid state becomes less and less relevant.
Interleukin-2: Structural and Biological Relatedness to Opioid Peptides (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-2 is not only an immunoregulatory factor, but also an analgesic molecule. There are distinct domains of immune and analgesic functions in the IL-2 molecule. The analgesic domain is located around the 45th Tyr residue of human IL-2 in tertiary structure. Antiopioid (beta-endorphin, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin and dynorphin A1-13) sera partially neutralized the analgesic activity of IL-2. Monoclonal antibody against the IL-2 receptor alpha subunit (Tac) could not block the analgesic activity of IL-2. There existed cross-reactivity between IL-2 and antiopioid sera by indirect ELISA. These studies show strong structural and biological similarities between IL-2 and opioid peptides. The tertiary structure around the 45th residue of IL-2 composes the analgesic domain that is similar to that of endogenous opioids. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that multiple domains of cytokines serve as the structural bases for the immunoregulatory and neuroregulatory effects of cytokines.
RTSPC: a software utility for real-time SPC and tool data analysis (1995)

Competition in the semiconductor industry is forcing manufacturers to continuously improve the capability of their equipment. The analysis of real-time sensor data from semiconductor manufacturing equipment presents the opportunity to reduce the cost of ownership of the equipment. Previous work by the authors showed that time series filtering in combination with multivariate analysis techniques can be utilized to perform statistical process control, and thereby generate real-time alarms in the case of equipment malfunction. A more robust version of this fault detection algorithm is presented. The algorithm is implemented through RTSPC, a software utility which collects real-time sensor data from the equipment and generates real-time alarms, Examples of alarm generation using RTSPC on a plasma etcher are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Enantioselective Three-Component Povarov Reaction (2009)

The three-component Povarov reaction of aldehydes (2), anilines (3), and benzyl N-vinylcarbamate 4 in the presence of 0.1 equiv of chiral phosphoric acid 5 afforded cis-2,4-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines (1) in good yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses. The shortest synthesis of torcetrapib reported to date, which features this key three-component reaction, is documented.
PCR Assays for Identification of <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i> Based on the Nucleotide Sequence of the Antigen 2/Proline-Rich Antigen (2004)

A conventional nested PCR and a real-time LightCycler PCR assay for detection of Coccidioides posadasii DNA were designed and tested in 120 clinical strains. These had been isolated from 114 patients within 10 years in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, known to be endemic for coccidioidomycosis. The gene encoding the specific antigen 2/proline-rich antigen (Ag2/PRA) was used as a target. All strains were correctly identified, whereas DNA from related members of the family Onygenaceae remained negative. Melting curve analysis by LightCycler and sequencing of the 526-bp product of the first PCR demonstrated either 100% identity to the GenBank sequence of the Silveira strain, now known to be C. posadasii (accession number AF013256), or a single silent mutation at position 1228. Length determination of two microsatellite-containing loci (GAC and 621) identified all 120 isolates as C. posadasii. Specific DNA was amplified by conventional nested PCR from three microscopically spherule-positive paraffin-embedded tissue samples, whereas 20 human tissue samples positive for other dimorphic fungi remained negative. Additionally, the safety of each step of a modified commercially available DNA extraction procedure was evaluated by using 10 strains. At least three steps of the protocol were demonstrated to sufficiently kill arthroconidia. This safe procedure is applicable to cultures and to clinical specimens.
The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in patients with psoriasis (1987)

Ten patients with psoriasis resistant to conventional topical treatment were given dietary supplements of fish oil, providing approximately 12 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily for a period of at least 6 weeks. In eight patients there was a modest improvement in their psoriasis, the principal effects being a diminution of erythema and scaling. The dietary treatment resulted in a substantial inhibition of leukotriene B4 production by the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. The discrepancy between the high degree of inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis and the modest therapeutic effect suggests that leukotriene B4 is not the only mediator involved in the development of the psoriatic lesion. Furthermore, the in vivo cutaneous levels of leukotriene B4 might not have been inhibited to the same extent as the polymorphonuclear leukocyte levels in vitro. Further studies on the use of fish oil supplements, both on their own and in conjunction with other forms of treatment in psoriasis are warranted. It will also be important to determine whether the altered profile of 5-lipoxygenase products found in the blood is also seen in the skin.
The Preparation and Characterization of Tourmaline-Containing Functional Copolymer p (VST/MMA/BA) (2018)

Tourmaline was modified with vinyl triethoxysilane containing double bond to prepare the polymerizable organic vinylsiliconoxyl tourmaline (VST) and then copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) to produce the tourmaline-containing functional copolymer p (VST/MMA/BA). The structures and morphologies of VST and p (VST/MMA/BA) copolymer were characterized by IR, SEM, and EDX. The experimental results indicated that tourmaline was introduced into the copolymer via surface modification and the tourmaline-containing functional copolymer was obtained by a copolymerization process with MMA and BA. The prepared p (VST/MMA/BA) copolymer displayed excellent storage stabilities, high far-infrared radiation and negative ion releasing performances, and good mechanical properties.
Rites initiatiques et rapports entre les générations (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Identification and molecular analysis of <i>glgS</i>, a novel growth‐phase‐regulated and <i>rpoS</i>‐dependent gene involved in glycogen synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

The putative stationary-phase sigma factor (sigma S) encoded by rpoS is essential for glycogen synthesis, but is not required for the transcription of glgC and glgA, which encode ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, respectively. Using a mini-Mu random chromosomal library and a screen for glycogen overproduction, we identified a novel gene (glgS) involved in glycogen synthesis. glgS maps at 66.6 min (3247 kb) on the chromosome and constitutes a monocistronic operon. It encodes a hydrophilic and highly charged small protein, with a molecular weight of 7886, which is strongly expressed in minicells. Experiments with single-copy chromosomal glgS::lacZ gene fusions indicated that glgS expression is controlled by sigma S as well as by cAMP. Two transcriptional start sites were mapped in the upstream regulatory region of glgS. The glgSp1 transcript was absent in a cya mutant, whereas an rpoS mutant did not synthesize the glgSp2 transcript. Although glycogen synthesis is strongly stimulated by overproduction of GlgS and is inhibited by a glgS null mutation, glgS does not affect the expression of the glgCAP operon. Its potential role in the metabolic control of glycogen synthesis is discussed. Also, evidence is presented to show that the amount of glycogen accumulated in vivo in early stationary-phase cells is mainly determined by sigma S-controlled gene expression and allosteric activation of GlgC, whereas the absolute levels of expression of glgCAP as well as the intracellular concentration of cAMP are of minor importance.
Learning latent temporal structure for complex event detection (2012)

In this paper, we tackle the problem of understanding the temporal structure of complex events in highly varying videos obtained from the Internet. Towards this goal, we utilize a conditional model trained in a max-margin framework that is able to automatically discover discriminative and interesting segments of video, while simultaneously achieving competitive accuracies on difficult detection and recognition tasks. We introduce latent variables over the frames of a video, and allow our algorithm to discover and assign sequences of states that are most discriminative for the event. Our model is based on the variable-duration hidden Markov model, and models durations of states in addition to the transitions between states. The simplicity of our model allows us to perform fast, exact inference using dynamic programming, which is extremely important when we set our sights on being able to process a very large number of videos quickly and efficiently. We show promising results on the Olympic Sports dataset [16] and the 2011 TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection task [18]. We also illustrate and visualize the semantic understanding capabilities of our model.
Development of realistic potentials for the simulation of directed self-assembly of PS-PMMA di-block copolymers (2011)

Atomistic simulations of poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) were performed and used to develop a realistic interaction potential for use in a mesoscale model of the PS-PMMA block co-polymer (BCP) system. The resulting interaction potential includes an attractive PS-PMMA segmental interaction, which is due to the electron dispersion interaction between these polymers. This attractive PS-PMMA interaction is not included in typical simulations of PS-PMMA phase behavior which use repulsive PS-PMMA interactions. Use of such repulsive interactions hastens the convergence of simulations of BCP phase separation and should not change the average phase behavior of such systems. However, failure to include this attractive PS-PMMA interaction can affect a variety of important properties and behaviors of interest including: (1) the width of interfacial regions, (2) the stability and energetics of metastable states such as local defects, and (3) the energy of interaction of BCP phases and morphologies with surfaces. Given the importance of defects and surface interactions in the application of the directed self assembly in BCP lithography in the microelectronics industry such a realistic potential is important. The potential from this mesoscale model was applied to a simple lattice model and showed that it was able to predict the process window for the formation of a lamellar phase for PS-PMMA BCP. However, elimination of the attractive PS-PMMA component broadened this process window by a significant amount suggesting that this component is important in the accurate modeling of BCP films for directed self assembly.
The mammalian beta-tubulin repertoire: hematopoietic expression of a novel, heterologous beta-tubulin isotype. (1986)

We describe the structure of a novel and unusually heterologous beta-tubulin isotype (M beta 1) isolated from a mouse bone marrow cDNA library, and a second isotype (M beta 3) isolated from a mouse testis cDNA library. Comparison of M beta 1 and M beta 3 with the completed (M beta 4, M beta 5) or extended (M beta 2) sequence of three previously described beta-tubulin isotypes shows that each includes a distinctive carboxy-terminal region, in addition to multiple amino acid substitutions throughout the polypeptide chain. In every case where a mammalian interspecies comparison can be made, both the carboxy-terminal and internal amino acid substitutions that distinguish one isotype from another are absolutely conserved. We conclude that these characteristic differences are important in determining functional distinctions between different kinds of microtubule. The amino acid homologies between M beta 2, M beta 3, M beta 4, and M beta 5 are in the range of 95-97%; however the homology between M beta 1 and all the other isotypes is very much less (78%). The dramatic divergence in M beta 1 is due to multiple changes that occur throughout the polypeptide chain. The overall level of expression of M beta 1 is low, and is restricted to those tissues (bone marrow, spleen, developing liver and lung) that are active in hematopoiesis in the mouse. We predict that the M beta 1 isotype is functionally specialized for assembly into the mammalian marginal band.
Another Cause for Incomplete Lung Reexpansion (1980)

Persistence of a pneumothorax after closed tube thoracostomy is usually indicated by fluctuance within the chest drainage tubes. Reasons for incomplete lung expansion include (1) inadequacy of the suction device, if such a device is used, (2) air leaks within the system, or (3) an air leak into the pleura greater per volume time than the volume of air that can be displaced by the suction device. Occlusion of the tubing with maintenance of negative suction usually assures that the system is airtight.<sup>1</sup>In our hospital, pleurovacs, commercially prepared units of the classical three-bottle controlled suction systems, are used extensively. We have recently experienced two situations where pleurovac drainage systems thought to be intact were the source of a persistent residual space. In one case, a pneumothorax secondary to the insertion of a hyperalimentation catheter persisted until the pleurovac unit was empirically changed. Following a trial of waterseal drainage,
Simple and accurate path loss modeling at 5 GHz in indoor environments with corridors (2002)

In order to assess important path loss characteristics in typical WLAN scenarios extensive measurements have been performed at 5.2 GHz (a frequency in the HIPERLAN type 2 band) in one modern office building and in a school built in 1950. Both buildings have essentially the same interior topology, i.e. rooms on both sides along a straight corridor. Two common types of empirical path loss model have been fitted to the measured path loss. In a first attempt complete sets of measurement data from a single floor in each building were used to fit each model. The resulting standard deviation of measured loss relative to both models was between 6 and 9 dB. In a second attempt the measured loss was separated into a few classes corresponding to the locations of the transmitter and the receiver. The standard deviation decreased to between 2 and 4 dB relative to the best model.
Image-based synthetic CT: simulating arbitrary low dose single and dual energy protocols from dual energy images (2012)

While the imaging protocol determines radiation dose and image quality, it is difficult to find the lowest dose protocol (kVp, mAs, filtration) that provides appropriate diagnostic quality images. Recently, we developed a method for retrospectively synthesizing CT scans of arbitrary protocols using a previously acquired dual energy scan that relies on projection space data. Here, we propose a new variant of synthetic CT that only requires reconstructed dual energy images to simulate realistic images from arbitrary low dose protocols. Axial scans of a phantom were acquired on a GE CT750 HD system at 80 kVp and separately at 140 kVp, enabling material decomposition. Additional scans at 100 and 120 kVp and at different exposures were made to compare with synthesized results. Raw data for any spectrum can be estimated by forward transmission through the material decomposition images, but these have degraded spatial resolution. To avoid blurring, the synthesized image is represented as a linear combination (i.e., mixed or blended image) of the 80/140 kVp images. Noise with the correct statistics is then added so that the total noise matches the expected noise of the simulated protocol (estimated from forward transmission). For the studied object, the resulting synthesized images are indistinguishable from the actual images. Synthetic CT enables users to visualize the impact of protocol changes on the contrast and noise of CT scans, which can be used to develop lower dose protocols by demonstrating dose/noise/protocol trade-offs. Our new image domain implementation significantly increases the accessibility of synthetic CT to potential users.
Light image patterned molecular delivery into live cells using gold particle coated substrate (2008)

Light-patterned molecular delivery into cells is demonstrated by pulsed laser irradiation of gold particles immobilized on the substrate below a cell monolayer. Molecular delivery is verified by observing the uptake of membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye.
Public DNS system and Global Traffic Management (2011)

Cloud service providers operate data centers around the world, and they depend on Global Traffic Management systems to direct requests from clients to the most appropriate data center to serve the requests. While GTM systems have been in-use for years, they are attracting re-newed interests due to the rapid expansion of cloud service providers' networks, the introduction of public DNS systems, as well as new proposals to alter how they should work and what information local DNS servers (LDNS) should make available to drive the GTM systems. This paper uses large-scale measurements conducted from more than 5M clients to establish properties of the current Internet that affect the design of the GTM systems, such as the stretch between a client's actual position and its LDNS from GTM's perspective, the impact of public DNS systems, and the granularity at which GTM decisions should be made. The results can inform the debate over how GTM systems should be designed.
10-fs pulse generation from a unidirectional Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire ring laser (1996)

For the first time to our knowledge, nearly bandwidth-limited 10-fs laser pulses centered at 790 nm are generated in a Ti:sapphire ring resonator. Intracavity dispersion control is provided by dispersive dielectric mirrors together with the insertion of small amounts of intracavity glass path. Mode locking is self-starting without the use of an aperture.
Towards 'architect-friendly' energy evaluation tools (2010)

Several studies demonstrate the importance of integrating energy analyses in the architectural design process. For this, a wide variety of building performance simulation programs are currently available. However, most of these tools are not in tune with the architects' approach and are not suitable for early design stages, when major decisions are made. Despite recent developments addressing the use of simulation in the design process (DP), the uptake by architects is still limited. Further, the importance of user's needs has repeatedly been reported in literature, but has rarely been investigated from an architect's point of view. However, researchers and design tool developers need this information to improve the compatibility of existing tools with the architectural DP and to develop new tools.
A 5-GHz CMOS Double-Quadrature Receiver Front-End With Single-Stage Quadrature Generator (2004)

A 5-GHz CMOS double-quadrature front-end receiver for wireless LAN application is proposed. In the receiver, a one-stage RLC phase shifter is used to generate quadrature RF signals. Implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the receiver chip can achieve 50.6-dB image rejection with power dissipation of 22.4 mW at 1.8-V voltage supply.
Demand controlled ventilation for multiple zone HVAC systems: CO <sub>2</sub> -based dynamic reset (RP 1547) (2014)

Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) is used to reduce the system outdoor airflow (OA) when the occupancy of the system is under design occupancy. However, the new versions of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 make DCV more difficult to implement for multiple zone HVAC systems. This article proposes a CO2-based and occupancy-sensor-based dynamic reset of OA rate for multiple zone HVAC systems (“CO2-based DR”). This control strategy uses bioeffluent load estimation with a steady-state assumption to calculate and dynamically reset the system OA rate minimum set-point by solving the multiple-zone system equations for current conditions. Building energy and airflow simulations were implemented to assess the energy performance and indoor air quality of this control strategy. The simulation results showed that the average annual system OA rate for CO2-based DR is 14.6% less than the OA rate for without DCV, in which case the system OA is always maintained as constant. The annual monetary saving as a percentage of the baseline case (without DCV) is between 0.3% and 11.0% for 16 climate zones in the United States.
Reducing ammonia loss from cattle slurry by the use of acidifying additives: The role of the buffer system (1991)

Abstract An 8‐month‐old cattle slurry was analysed titrimetrically and the major buffer components were found to be ammonium, bicarbonate and a solid phase of carbonates. A simulation model was developed which explained the experimental results. pH stability in response to addition of HCl, superphosphate, FeCl 3 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and CaCl 2 in increasing levels was investigated. Upon aeration, pH rose quickly by 0.4 to 1.5 units for all additives and levels, except where HCl was added equivalently to the total alkalinity of the slurry, which then kept a stable pH of 4.2. Ammonia volatilisation in response to the addition of either HCl or CaCl 2 was found to decrease with increasing amount of additive, HCl being more effective than CaCl 2 . This confirms that the total alkalinity is an important factor regulating the potential ammonia loss from cattle slurry. Addition of HCl or CaCl 2 close to the total alkalinity resulted in a reduction of the potential ammonia loss to 0 and 15% of the untreated loss, respectively.