gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the M gene of vesicular stomatitis virus cloned in various vaccinia virus vectors (1988)

Initial attempts to clone the matrix (M) gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in a vaccinia virus expression vector failed, apparently because the expressed M protein, and particularly a carboxy-terminus-distal two-thirds fragment, was lethal for the virus recombinant. Therefore, a transient eucaryotic expression system was used in which a cDNA clone of the VSV M protein mRNA was inserted into a region of plasmid pTF7 flanked by the promoter and terminator sequences for the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase. When CV-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus vTF1-6,2 expressing the T7 RNA polymerase were transfected with pTF7-M3, the cells produced considerable amounts of M protein reactive by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies directed to VSV M protein. Evidence for biological activity of the plasmid-expressed wild-type M protein was provided by marker rescue of the M gene temperature-sensitive mutant tsO23(III) at the restrictive temperature. Somewhat higher levels of M protein expression were obtained in CV-1 cells coinfected with a vaccinia virus-M gene recombinant under control of the T7 polymerase promoter along with T7 polymerase-expressing vaccinia virus vTF1-6,2.
KDD'99 competition (2000)

In this paper, we expand on the 1998 KDD cup competition findings: exploratory data analysis reveals unusual data anomalies; a two-stage prediction model yields superior results those obtained in the 1998 competition; we use a decision tree better understand the model (the decision boundary); and we apply a confidence interval to establish a range upon which we can reasonably judge model performance.
The Internet Of Things Ecosystem: Survey Of The Current Landscape, Identity Relationship Management, Multifactor Authentication Mechanisms, And Underlying Protocols (2016)

A critical component in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is the need for secure and appropriate transmission, processing, and storage of the data. Our current forms of authentication, and identity and access management do not suffice because they are not designed to service cohesive, integrated, interconnected devices, and service applications. The seemingly endless opportunities of IoT are in fact circumscribed on multiple levels by concerns such as trust, privacy, security, loss of control, and related issues. This paper considers multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms and cohesive identity relationship management (IRM) standards. It also surveys messaging protocols that are appropriate for the IoT ecosystem.
Ueber das Hexahydro‐o‐phenylendiamin und seine Derivate (1897)

XF:
Reactive compatibilization of HDPE/PET blends by glycidyl methacrylate functionalized polyolefins (1999)

Blends of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in weight compositions of 20/80, 40/60, 60/40 and 80/20 were modified with glycidyl methacrylate functionalized polyolefins with the aim of improving the compatibility and in particular elongation and impact strength. The compatibilizers used were ethylene/glycidyl methacrylate copolymers (E/GMA) and ethylene/ethyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymers (E/EA/GMA) with variable contents of reactive functions (1 to 8 wt.-% of glycidyl methacrylate). The effects of the compatibilizers were evaluated by studying the mechanical properties and the morphology of the blends. The addition of 5 wt.-% of functionalized polyolefins was found sufficient to improve ductility and impact strength of all compositions. A more pronounced compatibilizing effect was obtained with the functionalized terpolymer containing the smallest amount of glycidyl methacrylate. With this emulsifying agent, elongation at break is increased by a factor of four for the compositions near the inversion of phases. However, the main interest of this work is that it provides a compatibilization of immiscible blends of polyolefin and polyester by injection moulding. This melt processing is very interesting from an industrial point of view because it proves that materials with good mechanical properties can be obtained in one step of processing.
Treatment plan optimization using linear programming (1991)

Linear programming is a versatile mathematical tool for optimizing radiation therapy treatment plans. For planning purposes, dose constraint points, possible treatment beams, and an objective function are defined. Dose constraint points are specified in and about the target volume and normal structures with minimum and maximum dose values assigned to each point. A linear objective function is designed that defines the goal of optimization. A list of potential treatment beams is defined by energy, angle, and wedge selection. Then, linear programming calculates the relative weights of all the potential beams such that the objective function is optimized and doses to all constraint points are within the prescribed limits. Historically, linear programming has been used to improve conventional treatment techniques. It can also be used to create sophisticated, complex treatment plans suitable for delivery by computer-controlled therapy techniques.
Computer simulation of radio channels using a harmonic decomposition technique (1995)

Based on a harmonic decomposition of stochastic processes, a new approach for approximating the time variant radio channel impulse response, given an arbitrary Doppler power density spectrum is presented. The basic idea is to use a Fourier expansion with uncorrelated coefficients to approximate the actual radio fading process. An upper bound on the mean square error between the actual and approximated fading as a function of the number of terms in the expansion is also given. The proposed method is particularly adapted for simulating broadband radio channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Common Mode Inductor With External Magnetic Field Immunity, Low-Magnetic Field Emission, and High-Differential Mode Inductance (2014)

This paper proposes a stacked common-mode (CM) inductor for electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuation. The proposed stacked CM inductor consists of two CM inductors with identical cores and the same number of winding turns but with opposite winding directions. The proposed stacked CM inductor has three advantages. First, it is much less susceptible to external magnetic field interference than conventional CM inductors. This suppresses the EMI due to the near-magnetic-field coupling to the CM inductor. Second, the proposed winding structure effectively increases the leakage inductance of the CM inductor, which enhances its ability to suppress differential-mode (DM) noise. Third, the magnetic field generated by the DM current in the stacked CM inductor is partially canceled outside of the inductor. As a result, the stacked CM inductor has lower magnetic field emission than that of a conventional CM inductor. Simulation and experimental results validate the advantages of the proposed CM inductor, which show the proposed technique greatly improves the performance of CM inductors.
Medical Management of Hereditary Optic Neuropathies (2014)

Hereditary optic neuropathies are diseases affecting the optic nerve. The most common are mitochondrial hereditary optic neuropathies, i.e., the maternally inherited Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and dominant optic atrophy (DOA). They both share a mitochondrial pathogenesis that leads to the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells and axons, in particular of the papillo-macular bundle. Typically, LHON is characterized by an acute/subacute loss of central vision associated with impairment of color vision and swelling of retinal nerve fibers followed by optic atrophy. DOA, instead, is characterized by a childhood-onset and slowly progressive loss of central vision, worsening over the years, leading to optic atrophy. The diagnostic workup includes neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation and genetic testing of the three most common mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting complex I (11778/ND4, 3460/ND1, and 14484/ND6) for LHON and sequencing of the nuclear gene OPA1 for DOA. Therapeutic strategies are still limited including agents that bypass the complex I defect and exert an antioxidant effect (idebenone). Further strategies are aimed at stimulating compensatory mitochondrial biogenesis. Gene therapy is also a promising avenue that still needs to be validated.
Three-dimensional imaging based on Gray-code light projection: characterization of the measuring algorithm and development of a measuring system for industrial applications (1997)

A three-dimensional (3-D) imaging system based on Gray-code projection is described; it is thought to be used as an integration to the already developed profilometer based on the projection of multifrequency gratings. The Gray-code method allows us to evaluate the 3-D profile of objects that present even marked discontinuities of the surface, thus increasing the flexibility of the measuring system as to the topology of the objects that can be measured. The basic aspects of Gray-code projection for 3-D imaging and profiling are discussed, with particular emphasis devoted to the study of the resolution of the method and to the analysis of the systematic errors. The results of this study allow us to determine the optimal setting of the parameters of the measurement and to develop a suitable calibration procedure. The procedures for implementing the Gray-code method are presented, and some interesting experimental results are reported. Calibration of the system reveals an accuracy of 0.2 mm, corresponding to 0.1% of the field of view.
Ligand-Dependent Occupancy of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β2 Promoter In Vivo (1994)

Retinoic acid (RA) activates transcription of the RA receptor beta 2 (RAR beta 2) gene in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. This activation involves binding of the RAR/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) heterodimer to the RA-responsive element (beta RARE). Dimethyl sulfate-based genomic footprinting was performed to examine occupancy of this promoter in P19 EC cells. No footprint was detected at the beta RARE prior to RA treatment, but a footprint was detected within the first hour of RA treatment. Concomitantly, other elements in the promoter, the cyclic AMP-responsive element and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-like-responsive element became footprinted. Footprints at these elements were induced by RA without requiring new protein synthesis and remained for the entire duration of RA treatment but rapidly reversed upon withdrawal of RA. A delayed protection observed at the initiator site was also reversed upon RA withdrawal. The RA-inducible footprint was not due to induction of factors that bind to these element, since in vitro assays showed that these factors are present in P19 cell extracts before RA treatment. Significantly, no RA-induced footprint was observed at any of these elements in P19 cells expressing a dominant negative RXR beta, in which RXR heterodimers are unable to bind to the beta RARE. Results indicate that binding of a liganded heterodimer receptor to the beta RARE is the initial event that allows other elements to gain access to the factors. In accordance, reporter analyses showed that a mutation in the beta RARE, but not those in other elements, abrogates RA activation of the promoter. It is likely that the RAR beta 2 promoter opens in a hierarchically ordered manner, signalled by the occupancy of liganded heterodimers.
Effects of Retained Austenite on the Rolling Fatigue Life of Ball Bearing Steels (1974)

Using the commercial ball bearing steel, we have studied the effects of retained austenite in the heat-treated structure on the rolling fatigue life. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows:(1) The fatigue life depends largely on the quality of the matrix (tempered martensite), and becomes maximum when the solid solute C% is 0.5∼0.6% on quenching.(2) In the fatigue test, both the surface and the internal hardness of the rolling part of the ball bearing steel increase to a great extent when a large amount of retained austenite is contained.(3) A semicircular stress-affected zone is present at the rolling part in the fatigue test, where plastic flow and tempering effects are recognized in the matrix. It is also found that the retained austenite gradually decomposes during testing.(4) The presence of the retained austenite plays an auxiliary role in improvements of the fatigue life and reduces its irregularity.
Phase Segregation Enhanced Ion Movement in Efficient Inorganic CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> Solar Cells (2017)

Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with mixed cations and mixed halides have achieved impressive power conversion efficiency of up to 22.1%. Phase segregation due to the mixed compositions has attracted wide concerns, and their nature and origin are still unclear. Some very useful analytical techniques are controversial in microstructural and chemical analyses due to electron beam‐induced damage to the “soft” hybrid perovskite materials. In this study photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy are used to study charge carrier recombination and retrieve crystallographic and compositional information for all‐inorganic CsPbIBr 2 films on the nanoscale. It is found that under light and electron beam illumination, “iodide‐rich” CsPbI (1+ x ) Br (2− x ) phases form at grain boundaries as well as segregate as clusters inside the film. Phase segregation generates a high density of mobile ions moving along grain boundaries as ion migration “highways.” Finally, these mobile ions can pile up at the perovskite/TiO 2 interface resulting in formation of larger injection barriers, hampering electron extraction and leading to strong current density–voltage hysteresis in the polycrystalline perovskite solar cells. This explains why the planar CsPbIBr 2 solar cells exhibit significant hysteresis in efficiency measurements, showing an efficiency of up to 8.02% in the reverse scan and a reduced efficiency of 4.02% in the forward scan, and giving a stabilized efficiency of 6.07%.
Matching Finite Element Models to Modal Data (1990)

A technique is proposed which systematically adjusts a finite element model of a structure to produce an updated model in agreement with measured modal results. The approach suggested here is to consider the desired perturbations in stiffness and damping matrices as gain matrices in a feedback control algorithm designed to perform eigenstructure assignment. The improved stiffness and damping matrices combined with the analytical mass matrix, more closely predict the modal test results. The technique is applicable to undamped, proportionally damped, as well as non-proportionally damped models. The proposed method assumes that the analytical mass, damping and stiffness matrices are known and that vibration test data is available in the form of natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes.
Development of an automatic dishwashing robot system (2009)

In this paper, we introduce an automatic dishwashing robot system, which consists of two 7-DOF manipulators, novel grasping system with hook structure, sensing system and the controller. We introduce each component of the system and experiments are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed robot system.
Surfactant-doped reverse-mode polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display with enhanced properties (2015)

In this article, a nonionic surfactant Brij30 has been used to vertical align the negative anisotropic liquid crystal. The surfactant is further used in reverse-mode polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display to enhance the electro-optical properties. This work shows an enhancement of contrast ratio simply with the addition of surfactant. In addition, contact angle and surface free energies have been determined to judge the role of surfactant in control of surface orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
Converting a protein into a switch for biosensing and functional regulation (2010)

Proteins that switch conformations in response to a signaling event (e.g., ligand binding or chemical modification) present a unique solution to the design of reagent-free biosensors as well as molecules whose biological functions are regulated in useful ways. The principal roadblock in the path to develop such molecules is that the majority of natural proteins do not change conformation upon binding their cognate ligands or becoming chemically modified. Herein, we review recent protein engineering efforts to introduce switching properties into binding proteins. By co-opting natural allosteric coupling, joining proteins in creative ways and formulating altogether new switching mechanisms, researchers are learning how to coax conformational changes from proteins that previously had none. These studies are providing some answers to the challenging question: how can one convert a lock-and-key binding protein into a molecular switch?
Towards fast non-rigid registration (2002)

A fast multiscale and multigrid method for the matching of images in 2D and 3D is presented. Especially in medical imaging this problem denoted as the registration problem is of fundamental importance in the handling of images from multiple image modalities or of image time series. The paper restricts to the simplest matching energy to be minimized, i.e., A.AE C:E±E¶E EI`I3I I E Ð C#N I E I E , where I E , I E are the intensity maps of the two images to be matched and C is a deformation. The focus is on a robust and efficient solution strategy. Matching of images, i.e., finding an optimal deformation C which minimizes A is known to be an ill-posed problem. Hence, to regularize this problem a regularization of the descent path is considered in a gradient flow method. Thus the initial value problem O>O CHE¤N grad OOA.AE COE with some regular initial deformation Cu×UOGUSECU is solved on a suitable space of deformations UÝ¬U . The gradient grad O is measured w.r.t Þ a suitable regularizing metric s . Existence and uniqueness of solutions is demonstrated for different types of regularizations. For the implementation a metric based on multigrid cycles on hierarchical grids is proposed, using their superior smoothing properties. This is combined with an effective time-step control in the descent algorithm. Furthermore, to avoid convergence to local minima, multiple scales of the images to be matched are considered. Again, these image scales can be generated applying multigrid operators and we propose to resolve the pyramid of scales on a properly chosen pyramid of hierarchical grids. Examples on 2D and large 3D image matching problems prove the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Using Graph Theory to Represent a Spatio-Temporal Role-Based Access Control Model (2010)

Pervasive computing applications have unique characteristics that preclude the use of traditional access control models, such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), for their protection. Such models do not take into account contextual information before making access decisions and cannot handle the dynamism inherent in pervasive computing applications. Towards this end, we propose new spatio-temporal access control models for use in such applications and formally define their semantics using graph-theoretic notation. The dynamism inherent in pervasive computing applications may cause the access control configuration to change while the policies are deployed. Towards this end, we show how to perform incremental analysis to give assurance that security breaches do not occur as a result of changing the access control configuration. Our analysis makes clever use of data structures and achieves good time complexity results.
Differences in Iowa farms and their significance in the planning of agricultural programs (1939)

This bulletin reports the results of a study designed to measure the variations in cropping and livestock systems within the type·of-farming areas of Iowa.\nThe national agricultural adjustment programs of recent years have recognized the variations between types of farming in different regions. The differences between farming systems within regions have received only limited recognition. Some of the shortcomings of the current agricultural programs have been attributed to their failure to make adequate allowance for individual farm variations.
Roles of Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein and the Carboxyl-Terminal Domain of the α Subunit in Transcription Activation of the <i>Escherichia coli rhaBAD</i> Operon (2000)

The Escherichia coli rhaBAD operon encodes the enzymes for catabolism of the sugar L-rhamnose. Full rhaBAD activation requires the AraC family activator RhaS (bound to a site that overlaps the -35 region of the promoter) and the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP; bound immediately upstream of RhaS at -92.5). We tested alanine substitutions in activating regions (AR) 1 and 2 of CRP for their effect on rhaBAD activation. Some, but not all, of the substitutions in both AR1 and AR2 resulted in approximately twofold defects in expression from rhaBAD promoter fusions. We also expressed a derivative of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase deleted for the entire C-terminal domain (alpha-Delta235) and assayed expression from rhaBAD promoter fusions. The greatest defect (54-fold) occurred at a truncated promoter where RhaS was the only activator, while the defect at the full-length promoter (RhaS plus CRP) was smaller (13-fold). Analysis of a plasmid library expressing alanine substitutions at every residue in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the alpha subunit (alpha-CTD) identified 15 residues (mostly in the DNA-binding determinant) that were important at both the full-length and truncated promoters. Only one substitution was defective at the full-length but not the truncated promoter, and this residue was located in the DNA-binding determinant. Six substitutions were defective only at the promoter activated by RhaS alone, and these may define a protein-contacting determinant on alpha-CTD. Overall, our results suggest that CRP interaction with alpha-CTD may not be required for rhaBAD activation; however, alpha-CTD does contribute to full activation, probably through interactions with DNA and possibly RhaS.
Practical aspects of DFT-based frequency division multiplexing for data transmission (1990)

A practical implementation of digital frequency division multiplexing is presented. The design goals are the use of very few modulation schemes (two or three), uniform reliability across the subchannels, and the avoidance of peak power violation. The FTDM (Fourier transform division multiplexing) method is used to design signals for transmission. Data are encoded in the frequency domain, Fourier transformed to yield a real sequence, and a signal is transmitted whose sampled values, when inverse Fourier transformed, yield the original code. Spectral characteristics for the code are easily obtained because it is designed in the frequency domain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>