gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A support vector machine embedded weed identification system (2010)

Over the past decades, the over-reliance on herbicides during corn production has caused\nsevere environmental and biological problems such as pollution in the soil and underground\nwater, and the emergence of the herbicide-resistant weed species. A potential solution to reduce\nthe use of herbicides while maintaining adequate weed control lies in the combined use of\nchemical and mechanical weeding, in which weeds are controlled adaptively according to their\nreaction to herbicides. Accurate weed identification is a prerequisite for accomplishing such a\ncontrol strategy.\nA machine vision system for weed identification, which utilized the morphological\nproperties of weed leaves, was developed in this research. The system incorporated a new\nimage segmentation algorithm, termed the ‘Pixelwise method’ to binarize the color weed\nimages for subsequent image processing and feature extraction procedures. Subsequently, a\nSupport Vector Machine (SVM) based classifier was constructed to distinguish various weed\nspecies using seven morphological features.\n2,325 indoor images consisting of six weed species were acquired during the first five\nweeks after emergence of the plants. Among 1,006 test images, the SVM system achieved over\n94% accuracy in crop (corn) versus weed discrimination and 95% in grass versus broadleaf\nweed discrimination. The average classification accuracy for individual weed species was\napproximately 86%. In addition, the system obtained the best classification result after the\nsecond week after plant emergence. In field tests, the SVM classifier based on the indoor image\nlibrary was able to identify 71.1% of 270 weed plants in the field. With an adaptive median\nfilter to enhance the image quality, the accuracy was raised to 75.9% at the expense of extra\nimage processing time.\nBoth of the laboratory and field tests showed that the SVM method with reasonable\naccuracy is feasible for weed identification during their early growth season.
Accurate measurement of high-speed package and interconnect parasitics (2003)

The feasibility of using high-speed wafer probes to measure accurately the parasitics associated with packages and interconnects used in conjunction with high-speed integrated circuits is demonstrated. A way of calibrating out the fixture-related errors while providing a reconfigurable mechanical interface to specific points of interest is demonstrated. These points can be at the perimeter and also internal. Calibration at the point of interface to the structure under test and a well-controlled mechanical interface enable large numbers of highly repeatable measurements to be made easily and accurately. The effect is to extend the full capability of test instrumentation to the physical points of interest, with accuracy and repeatability from site to site. The ability to calibrate at the probe tips is necessary to eliminate distortions from cables and probes. Some sources of errors, such as crosstalk, should be minimized in the probe, since they are difficult to correct in most cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Does Not Reduce Indications for Amputation in Patients With Diabetes With Nonhealing Ulcers of the Lower Limb: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (2016)

HBOT does not offer an additional advantage to comprehensive wound care in reducing the indication for amputation or facilitating wound healing in patients with chronic DFUs.
MicroRNA-203 contributes to skin re-epithelialization (2012)

Keratinocyte proliferation and migration are crucial steps for the rapid closure of the epidermis during wound healing, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this cellular response remain to be completely elucidated. Here, by in situ hybridization we characterize the expression pattern of miR-203 after the induction of wound in mouse epidermis, showing that its expression is downregulated in the highly proliferating keratinocytes of the 'migrating tongue', whereas it is strongly expressed in the differentiating cells of the skin outside the wound. Furthermore, subcutaneous injections of antagomiR-203 in new born mice dorsal skin strengthened, in vivo, the inverse correlation between miR-203 expression and two new target mRNAs: RAN and RAPH1. Our data suggest that miR-203, by controlling the expression of target proteins that are responsible for both keratinocyte proliferation and migration, exerts a specific role in wound re-epithelialization and epidermal homeostasis re-establishment of injured skin.
The Molecular Mechanism of Hemoglobin-facilitated Oxygen Diffusion (1966)

Hemoglobin in solution augments the rate of steady state diffusion of oxygen. The flux of oxygen exceeds the diffusive flux by an amount, the facilitated flux, which is constant for a given hemoglobin concentration and is invariant with changing oxygen tension. The facilitated flux is inversely proportional to the length of the diffusion path. Facilitation decreases with increasing molecular size of the oxygen-binding proteins. From this it is concluded that facilitation results from random displacements of oxyhemoglobin molecules. Translational diffusion is considered to make a far larger contribution than rotatory diffusion. Facilitation is proportional to hemoglobin concentration in dilute solutions which approach ideal behavior and declines at greater protein concentration. It persists in very concentrated hemoglobin solutions (34%) in which the hemoglobin molecules are close packed. Facilitation requires no special property of hemoglobin other than reversible oxygen binding since hemerythrin which is not a heme protein facilitates oxygen diffusion. The reactions occurring during facilitated diffusion are shown to be combination and dissociation of hemoglobin and oxygen. Oxygen displacement or transfer reactions are excluded. The rates of chemical reactions may become rate-limiting. The rate-limiting step is a reaction of oxyhemoglobin. Comparison of the rates of facilitation by several hemoglobins suggests that the rate-limiting step is ligand dissociation. Facilitated carbon monoxide diffusion is minute compared to that of oxygen.
A Google Trends-based approach for monitoring NSSI (2013)

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an intentional, direct, and socially unacceptable behavior resulting in the destruction of one's own body tissues with no intention of dying or committing suicide, even though it is associated with a higher risk of attempted, planned, or just considered suicide. In this preliminary report, we introduce the concept of "NSSI 2.0"; that is to say, the study of the Internet usage by subjects with NSSI, and we introduce a Google Trends-based approach for monitoring NSSI, called NSSI infodemiology and infoveillance. Despite some limitations, Google Trends has already proven to be reliable for infectious diseases monitoring, and here we extend its application and potentiality in the field of suicidology. Ad hoc web portals and surveys could be designed in light of the reported results for helping people with NSSI.
Tapered Sidewall Schottky Diodes with Very Low Taper Angles (1983)

Tapered sidewall Schottky diodes with very low taper angles have been demonstrated to have considerably higher breakdown voltage than the conventional metal-overlap diodes by numerical analysis as well as experimental results. Potential and electric field distribution within the Schottky diode have been obtained by three-dimensional numerical analysis. The results of calculation show two peaks of the electric field, one at the contact edge and the other at the edge of the metal electrode. As the taper angle decreases, the principal peak of the electric field at the contact edge diminishes, while the secondary peak at the metal edge remains nearly unchanged. The Schottky diode with a taper angle of 6° or less brings about four-fold increase in breakdown voltage when compared with the metal-overlap diode. Also, aluminum-silicon tapered sidewall Schottky diodes have been fabricated using the graded etching process with silica film. The experimental results on the breakdown voltages of Schottky diodes are compared with the theoretical results for taper angles between 3° and 90°. Experimental results have shown good agreement with the theoretical ones.
Quantitative relationship between β-adrenergic receptor number and physiologic responses as studied with a long-lasting β-adrenergic antagonist (1979)

The aminobenzyl analog of propranolol, 1- ( p -amino-α,α-dimethylphenethylamino)-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2- propanol, was synthesized and found to be a potent β-adrenergic blocking agent. The β-adrenergic receptors of cultured rat C6 glioma cells (2B clone) as assessed by [ 125 I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding were decreased 50 and >95% after pretreatment with 8 nM and 1 μM aminobenzylpropranolol, respectively. Unlike propranolol, aminobenzylpropranolol displayed a prolonged blockade of receptors that was maintained during several hours of washing. [ 125 I]Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol saturation binding experiments in cells exposed to aminobenzylpropranolol and subsequently washed indicated that the compound effectively diminished receptor number with no change in the affinity of the remaining receptors for iodohydroxybenzylpindolol. Aminobenzylpropranolol inhibited catecholamine-stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation; with increasing blockade, isoproterenol dose—response curves became progressively shifted to the right but the maximal response was unaltered. Aminobenzylpropranolol inhibited the β-adrenergic contractile response in atria isolated from rats and guinea pigs. Treatment with 0.1 and 10 μM aminobenzylpropranolol produced decreases of 0.5 and 2 orders of magnitude in the contractile potency of isoproterenol. As in glioma cells, aminobenzylpropranolol failed to decrease the maximal response to isoproterenol. The effects of aminobenzylpropranolol persisted during extensive washing of atria (up to 17 hr). Repeated exposures to isoproterenol at concentrations sufficient to produce maximal tension development also failed to alleviate the blockade. The inotropic potency of histamine in guinea pig atria was not affected by aminobenzylpropranolol. These data suggest that catecholamines are capable of eliciting full biological responses in glioma cells and isolated atria even though the great majority of β-adrenergic receptors are persistently blocked.
On building minimum cost communication networks over time (1974)

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of minimizing the present worth of expenditures needed to enlarge the capacity of a communications network over time so as to meet rising traffic demands. Eight general “tests” are given for improving network solutions. The tests require only a moderate amount of computation and have the property that they will improve a wide class of non‐optimal solutions. It is observed that for a large subclass of practical problems, the dynamic problem of building a network over time may be converted to a static problem for most of the computations. This suggests a strong similarity between the optimal solutions to both problems.
Proteinase 3C-mediated processing of VP1-2A of two hepatitis A virus strains: in vivo evidence for cleavage at amino acid position 273/274 of VP1 (1997)

Two prominent features distinguish hepatitis A virus (HAV) from other members of the picornavirus family. A C-terminally prolonged precursor of the structural protein VP1 is incorporated into assembly intermediates (e.g., the provirion), and a single proteinase is contained within the HAV polyprotein. Using an in vivo expression system, we show that proteolytic liberation of VP1 from its precursors P1-2A and VP1-2A is catalyzed by the virus-encoded proteinase 3Cpro. Among the proposed cleavage sites within VP1-2A, the Glu/Ser pair found at VP1 amino acid position 273/274 of most HAV strains is efficiently processed, whereas proteolysis of the Val/Ser site of the attenuated HM175 strain is protracted. Two mutations within VP1-2A (Lys[297]Arg and Ser[330]Asn) had no effect on 3Cpro-mediated cleavage at this site. Additional sites in this region of VP1-2A can also be utilized as substrates by the proteinase, yet less efficiently, and might give rise to smaller and larger VP1 polypeptides also detected in HAV-infected cells.
Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging (2019)

This is the third edition of the well-known guide to close-range photogrammetry. It provides a thorough presentation of the methods, mathematics, systems and applications which comprise the subject of close-range photogrammetry, which uses accurate imaging techniques to analyse the three-dimensional shape of a wide range of manufactured and natural objects.
PS-341, a novel proteasome inhibitor, induces Bcl-2 phosphorylation and cleavage in association with G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis. (2002)

Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor, PS-341 resulted in concentration- and time-dependent effects on Bcl-2 phosphorylation and cleavage in H460 cells that coincided with the PS-341-induced G2-M phase arrest. The observed Bcl-2 cleavage paralleled the degree of PS-341-induced apoptosis but was detected to a similar extent with comparable concentrations of two other proteasome inhibitors (MG-132 and PSI). Calpain inhibitors, ALLM and ALLN, and the caspase inhibitors, Z-VAD and AC-YVAD did not induce BcI-2 phosphorylation and cleavage. Exposure to PS-341 resulted in an additional Mr 25,000 cleavage fragment of Bcl-2, whereas only a Mr 23,000 fragment was observed with other anticancer agents. The formation of the Mr 25,000 fragment was not prevented by caspase inhibitors unlike the Mr 23,000 fragment, which suggests mediation by a caspase-independent pathway. Cell fractionation studies revealed that the Bcl-2 cleaved fragments localize within membrane structures and was an early event (at approximately 12 h, posttreatment), and before the observed cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), beta-catenin, and DNA fragmentation (at approximately 36 h posttreatment). The Mr 23,000 Bcl-2 cleavage product was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor and the inhibitors of capase-3, -8, -9; but the PARP cleavage was prevented only by the pan-caspase and caspase-3 inhibitors, which suggests that the Mr 23,000 Bcl-2 cleavage occurred at both the initiation and execution stages of apoptosis. The inhibition of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway by PS-341 leads, at an early stage of apoptosis, to Bcl-2 phosphorylation and a unique proteolytic cleavage product, which are associated with G2-M phase arrest and the induction of apoptosis.
CONNEXIONS OF THE SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX OF THE RHESUS MONKEY (1969)

Journal Article CONNEXIONS OF THE SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX OF THE RHESUS MONKEY: I.—IPSILATERAL CORTICAL CONNEXIONS Get access E. G. JONES, E. G. JONES Department of Human AnatomyOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. P. S. POWELL T. P. S. POWELL Department of Human AnatomyOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 92, Issue 3, March 1969, Pages 477–502, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/92.3.477 Published: 01 March 1969 Article history Received: 03 January 1969 Published: 01 March 1969
Treatment of uncomplicated hemorrhoids with a Hemor-Rite&reg; cryotherapy device: a randomized, prospective, comparative study (2014)

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common ailments known. Often described as "varicose veins of the anus and rectum", hemorrhoids are enlarged, bulging blood vessels in, and about the anus and lower rectum. About 75% of people will have hemorrhoids at some point in their lives. This paper shares the results from the clinical evaluation conducted to study effects of cryotherapy in treating uncomplicated hemorrhoids. The device used in the study is based on topically-applied cold therapy which can produce vasoconstriction in the tissues, tissue hypoxia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Cryotherapy was shown to be statistically similar or superior to proctology ointment in some of the parameters studied such as reduction of pain and hemorrhage. Overall it was observed that cryotherapy device contributes to improving the quality of life of patients with hemorrhoids.
Role of opioid receptors in the spinal antinociceptive effects of neuropeptide FF analogues (1996)

1. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) has been shown to produce antinociceptive effects and enhance morphine-induced antinociception after intrathecal (i.t.) injection. In this study, the spinal effects of two NPFF analogues, -D-Tyr1,(NMe)Phe3-NPFF (1DMe) and [D-Tyr1,D-Leu2,D-Phe3]NPFF (3D), which are resistant to degradation and exhibit a high affinity for NPFF binding sites, were examined in tests of thermal and mechanical nociception. 2. 1DMe and 3D produced potent dose-dependent spinal antinociception in the tail-flick test. On a molar basis, 1DMe was 20 and 50 times more potent than 3D and morphine, respectively, and high doses of 1DMe and 3D produced a sustained antinociceptive effect without visible signs of motor impairment. 3. Spinal antinociceptive effects produced by 1DMe (0.86 nmol) or 3D (8.6 nmol) were significantly reduced by i.t. co-administration of naloxone (11 nmol) or i.t. pre-administration of D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 9.25 nmol) or beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA, 2 nmol) or naltrindole (2.2 nmol). The doses of the mu-antagonists (CTOP and beta-FNA) or the delta-antagonist (naltrindole) used in 1DMe and 3D experiments blocked the antinociceptive effects of mu- or delta-receptor-selective agonists. 4. When administered in combination with antinociceptive doses of the mu-receptor agonist, morphine (13.2 nmol) or the delta-receptor agonist, [D-Ala2]deltorphin I (20 nmol), sub-effective dose of 1DMe or 3D (0.009 nmol) enhanced and prolonged the spinal effects of these opioid agonists. 5. The results of this study show that spinal mu- and delta-opioid receptors play a role in antinociception produced by NPFF analogues. These results also suggest a role for NPFF in modulation of nociceptive signals at the spinal level.
Federal Reserve : The road to independence (2004)

Federal Reserve System - History; Federal Reserve System - Independence
A Tangible Programming Tool for Children to Cultivate Computational Thinking (2014)

Game and creation are activities which have good potential for computational thinking skills. In this paper we present T-Maze, an economical tangible programming tool for children aged 5-9 to build computer programs in maze games by placing wooden blocks. Through the use of computer vision technology, T-Maze provides a live programming interface with real-time graphical and voice feedback. We conducted a user study with 7 children using T-Maze to play two levels of maze-escape games and create their own mazes. The results show that T-Maze is not only easy to use, but also has the potential to help children cultivate computational thinking like abstraction, problem decomposition, and creativity.
High-frequency permeability of soft-magnetic Fe–Hf–O films with high resistivity (1998)

A series of Fe–Hf–O films has been prepared by means of rf sputter deposition. The composition for optimal permeability was found to be Fe55Hf17O28. These films exhibit a combination of soft-magnetic properties (μ&gt;103, Hc&lt;50 A/m, μ0Ms⩾1.0 T) and a high resistivity (ρ&gt;1 mΩ cm) after rapid thermal annealing in flowing argon at 400 °C in a dc magnetic field. The structure of the films consists of α-Fe nanocrystallites, randomly dispersed in an amorphous matrix. The amorphous phase is essential in achieving the advantageous combination of properties. In contrast to conventional soft-magnetic films, the properties of the Fe55Hf17O28 films do not show a strong thickness dependence for thicknesses up to 10 μm. Therefore, the roll-off frequency of the initial relative permeability for 10 μm thick films is high, but not as high as expected from only the resistivity. It is shown that, besides electromagnetic induction, ferromagnetic resonance is also essential in explaining the observed frequency dependence of the permeability.
THE STANDARDIZED HOSPITAL AS A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BETTER PHYSICIANS AND NURSES (1926)

By a "standardized" hospital is meant one in which the grounds, buildings, equipment, methods and personnel are developed up to or beyond the requirements of a standard or schedule of requirements fixed by some standardizing agency. The remarkable fact has been the prompt recognition by hospital superintendents, staff and other personnel of the needs for hospital improvement and the ready acquiescence to the suggestions made by the several standardizing agencies. Rather than a drafted army, which, to escape a penalty, follows a flag or standard, the hospitals are more fittingly referred to as an army of enthusiastic volunteer workers who, after all, in all worthwhile work, are those who accomplish the most. <h3>THE STIMULUS FOR IMPROVEMENT</h3> The improvement in hospitals, as in medical schools, has been a natural result of the tremendous increase in medical knowledge during the last fifty years. The activities of Pasteur gave an impetus to medical
Carbonic Acid Anesthesia for Aquatic Organisms (1979)

Abstract Carbonic acid in water is a safe, inexpensive, effective, convenient, and easily obtainable anesthetic for fish and other aquatic organisms. Carbonic acid is not a controlled substance in the United States, and may not require U.S. Food and Drug Administration registration. Baths containing 150 to 600 mg/L carbonic acid (H2CO3) will anesthetize fish; lower concentrations anesthetize more slowly and less deeply, higher concentrations act more rapidly and with greater sedation. The length of time that fish or aquatic organisms can safely be held in anesthetizing baths depends on the carbonic acid concentration, and is longer at low concentrations than at high concentrations. A convenient procedure for developing known concentrations of carbonic acid in anesthetizing baths involves adding equal volumes of 6.75% (wt/vol) sodium bicarbonate solution and 3.95% (wt/vol) of concentrated (97-98%) sulfuric acid solution to a known volume of water. The needed volume of the two solutions can be calculated by using the equation: (mg/L H2CO3 concentration) (volume of anesthetizing bath in liters) ÷ 50
HYSTERETIC MODELS FOR DETERIORATING INELASTIC STRUCTURES. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE (2001)

A discussion of an earlier paper with the aforementioned title by M.V. Sivaselvan and A.M. Reinhorn, published in this journal, (Volume 126, Number 6, June 2000), is presented. The original paper presented a plausible reformulation and extension to the Bouc-Wen hysteresis model and gives an excellent summary and comparison of various theories of deteriorating constitutive models of hysteresis. The discussers commend the authors for putting forward a unifying concept that relates seemingly disparate deterioration models, and which has many potential practical applications that will add to the understanding of the complex response of realistic systems under extreme dynamic loads. However, the discussers make some clarifying comments on the modeling of asymmetric yielding hysteresis, stiffness degradation, and pinching. The discussion is followed by closure from the authors of the original paper.