gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of intracellular pH regulation induce cisplatin resistance in EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells. (1995)

Previous results from this laboratory indicated that EMT6 cells treated with inhibitors of the intracellular pH (pHi) regulatory mechanisms were resistant to cisplatin (Laurencot, C.M.; Kennedy, K.A. The effect of low pH on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells. Oncol. Res. 7:371-380; 1995.) This inhibitor-induced cisplatin resistance was independent of pH. The purpose of the research presented here was to characterize further cisplatin resistance observed in cells cultured with the Na+/H+ antiport inhibitor 5-(N,N hexamethylene) amiloride (NHMA) and the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger inhibitor 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS). Using [195mPt]-DDP, the accumulation of cisplatin into EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells treated with NHMA and SITS was not changed. Total DNA cross-link formation and DNA-interstrand cross-link formation, however, decreased in NHMA- and SITS-treated cells. Since cisplatin accumulation was unchanged in NHMA- and SITS-treated cells but the amount of DNA cross-links decreased, the intracellular activation of cisplatin appeared to be altered in the cisplatin-resistant cells. Because SITS interferes with chloride transport and chloride has been proposed to be involved in cisplatin activation, cisplatin toxicity in EMT6 cells was evaluated in chloride-deficient medium. EMT6 cells cultured in chloride-deficient medium were less sensitive to cisplatin than cells cultured in chloride-containing medium, but this sensitivity was not altered by NHMA and SITS. Furthermore, the resistance to cisplatin in cells treated with NHMA and SITS was similar in chloride-containing and chloride-deficient medium. These data suggest that the concentration of other ions, in addition to chloride, may be important for cisplatin toxicity.
A second N-acylhomoserine lactone signal produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1995)

Quorum sensing systems are used by a number of Gram-negative bacterial species to regulate specific sets of genes in a cell density-dependent manner. Quorum sensing involves synthesis and detection of extracellular signals termed autoinducers. As shown in recombinant Escherichia coli, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducer (PAI) N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone, together with the lasR gene product, activate the P. aeruginosa lasB gene. In this study, PAI was shown to activate lasB-lacZ expression in a P. aeruginosa lasR mutant containing a plasmid with lasR under the control of the lac promoter. The concentration of PAI necessary for half-maximal activation of the lasB-lacZ fusion was approximately 1 microM, which is within the range of PAI levels found in P. aeruginosa culture fluids. The effect of PAI on a P. aeruginosa lasR mutant containing a plasmid with lasR under the control of its own promoter and containing the lasB-lacZ fusion was also tested. Although extracts of culture fluid activated the lasB promoter in this construct, concentrations of PAI as high as 10 microM did not. This indicates the presence of a second extracellular factor (factor 2) that is required for lasB activation in P. aeruginosa when lasR is controlled by its own promoter but not when lasR is controlled by a strong foreign promoter. Factor 2 was shown to be N-butyrylhomoserine lactone. Although recombinant E. coli cells containing the PAI synthase gene, lasI, produce PAI, these cells do not produce factor 2. Furthermore, a P. aeruginosa mutant that produced about 0.1% of the wild-type level of PAI made about 5% of the wild-type level of factor 2. This indicates that factor 2 synthesis results from the activity of a gene product other than PAI synthase. The role of factor 2 in virulence gene regulation remains to be determined, but this compound may affect the expression of lasR, which in turn activates transcription of numerous virulence genes in the presence of sufficient PAI. Apparently, multiple quorum sensing systems can occur and interact with each other in a single bacterial species.
Reducing vascular variability of fMRI data across aging populations using a breathholding task (2006)

The magnitude and shape of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses in functional MRI (fMRI) studies vary across brain regions, subjects, and populations. This variability may be secondary to neural activity or vasculature differences, thus complicating interpretations of BOLD signal changes in fMRI experiments. We compare the BOLD responses to neural activity and a vascular challenge and test a method to dissociate these influences in 26 younger subjects (ages 18-36) and 24 older subjects (ages 51-78). Each subject performed a visuomotor saccade task (a vascular response to neural activity) and a breathholding task (vascular dilation induced by hypercapnia) during separate runs in the same scanning session. For the saccade task, signal magnitude showed a significant decrease with aging in FEF, SEF, and V1, and a delayed time-to-peak with aging in V1. The signal magnitudes from the saccade and hypercapnia tasks showed significant linear regressions within subjects and across individuals and populations. These two tasks had weaker, but sometimes significant linear regressions for time-to-peak and coherence phase measures. The significant magnitude decrease with aging in V1 remained after dividing the saccade task magnitude by the hypercapnia task magnitude, implying that the signal decrease is neural in origin. These findings may lead to a method to identify vascular reactivity-induced differences in the BOLD response across populations and the development of methods to account for the influence of these vasculature differences in a simple, noninvasive manner.
Rifaximin Modulates the Vaginal Microbiome and Metabolome in Women Affected by Bacterial Vaginosis (2014)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal disorder characterized by the decrease of lactobacilli and overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and resident anaerobic vaginal bacteria. In the present work, the effects of rifaximin vaginal tablets on vaginal microbiota and metabolome of women affected by BV were investigated by combining quantitative PCR and a metabolomic approach based on (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance. To highlight the general trends of the bacterial communities and metabolomic profiles in response to the antibiotic/placebo therapy, a multivariate statistical strategy was set up based on the trajectories traced by vaginal samples in a principal component analysis space. Our data demonstrated the efficacy of rifaximin in restoring a health-like condition in terms of both bacterial communities and metabolomic features. In particular, rifaximin treatment was significantly associated with an increase in the lactobacillus/BV-related bacteria ratio, as well as with an increase in lactic acid concentration and a decrease of a pool of metabolites typically produced by BV-related bacteria (acetic acid, succinate, short-chain fatty acids, and biogenic amines). Among the tested dosages of rifaximin (100 and 25 mg for 5 days and 100 mg for 2 days), 25 mg for 5 days was found to be the most effective.
Miniaturized Bio-and Chemical-Sensors for Point-of-Care Monitoring of Chronic Kidney Diseases (2018)

This review reports the latest achievements in point-of-care (POC) sensor technologies for the monitoring of ammonia, creatinine and urea in patients suffering of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Abnormal levels of these nitrogen biomarkers are found in the physiological fluids, such as blood, urine and sweat, of CKD patients. Delocalized at-home monitoring of CKD biomarkers via integration of miniaturized, portable, and low cost chemical- and bio-sensors in POC devices, is an emerging approach to improve patients' health monitoring and life quality. The successful monitoring of CKD biomarkers, performed on the different body fluids by means of sensors having strict requirements in term of size, cost, large-scale production capacity, response time and simple operation procedures for use in POC devices, is reported and discussed.
Glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) wastes in xylene (1998)

To reclaim the monomers or prepare intermediates suitable for other polymers zinc acetate catalayzed glycolysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was carried out with ethylene or propylene glycol, with PET/glycol molar ratios of1 : 0.5–1 : 3, in xylene at 170–245°C. During the multiphase reaction, depolymerization products transferred to the xylene medium from the dispersed PET/glycol droplets, shifting the equilibrium to glycolysis. Best results were obtained from the ethylene glycol (EG) reaction at 220°C, which yielded 80 mol % bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate monomer and 20 mol % dimer fractions in quite pure crystalline form. Other advantages of employment of xylene in glycolysis of PET were improvement of mixing at high PET/EG ratios and recycling possibility of excess glycol, which separates from the xylene phase at low temperatures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2311–2319, 1998
Lazy collision checking in asymptotically-optimal motion planning (2015)

Asymptotically-optimal sampling-based motion planners, like RRT*, perform vast amounts of collision checking, and are hence rather slow to converge in complex problems where collision checking is relatively expensive. This paper presents two novel motion planners, Lazy-PRM* and Lazy-RRG*, that eliminate the majority of collision checks using a lazy strategy. They are sampling-based, any-time, and asymptotically complete algorithms that grow a network of feasible vertices connected by edges. Edges are not immediately checked for collision, but rather are checked only when a better path to the goal is found. This strategy avoids checking the vast majority of edges that have no chance of being on an optimal path. Experiments show that the new methods converge toward the optimum substantially faster than existing planners on rigid body path planning and robot manipulation problems.
A method of BP network learning by expanding the distribution of category (1999)

In backpropagation networks, unlearned regions are left between categories if the learning samples are comparatively small. Such unlearned regions are one of the reasons for the degradation of network generalization ability. To improve the generalization ability, it is preferable that the boundaries of the categories are more accurately reflected by the pattern distribution. This article presents the method of expansion of the category distribution by adding displacements proportional to the distance from the center of gravity of the category to learning samples, and a backpropagation (BP) learning method using given learning samples and those displaced samples. The method is applied to the recognition of handwritten Kanji characters. We confirm increased generalization abilities as a result of increased recognition performance of unlearned samples in comparison to the normal learning method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(12): 16–24, 1999
Air Data Sensing from Surface Pressure Measurements Using a Neural Network Method (1998)

Neural networks have been successfully developed to estimate freestream static and dynamic pressures from an array of pressure measurements taken from ports located flush on the nose of an aircraft. Specific techniques were developed for extracting a proper set of neural network training patterns from an abundant archive of data. Additionally, the specific techniques used to train the neural networks for this project were reported, including the scheduled adjustments to learning rate parameters during the training process. The performance of the trained networks was compared to the accuracy of the aerodynamic model that is currently being applied to these flush air data sensing systems
The Impact of Helium Co-Implantation on Hydrogen Induced Donor Profiles in Float Zone Silicon (2010)

Doping profiles in proton and helium co-implanted and annealed n-type float zone silicon wafers are analyzed by means of spreading resistance measurements. After annealing at sufficiently high temperatures and/or long-enough duration, the hydrogen-related donor profiles known from proton implantations are significantly enhanced by the helium irradiation. The resulting profile shape exhibits a strong resemblance to the radiation damage distribution of the co-implantation. By increasing the ultimately introduced num-ber of hydrogen related donors without varying the available amount of hydrogen, it is shown that the donor profile resulting from proton implantation and annealing is limited by the defect species and the implanted hydrogen is supplied in surplus. The maximum of the additionally induced donor distribution by the he-lium implantation shows a different dependency on the fluence compared to the donor maximum induced by mere proton irradia-tion. The diffusion of protons through the irradiated layer during annealing is impacted by the He-irradiation.
Expression of nm23 H-1 RNA levels in human gastric cancer tissues. A negative correlation with nodal metastasis (1994)

It was suggested that the down-regulation of nm23 gene might have a role in metastasis and invasion in gastric cancer, possibly leading to a poor prognosis.
End points and statistical considerations in immuno-oncology trials: impact on multiple myeloma (2017)

Unlike conventional cancer treatment, immuno-oncology therapies are commonly associated with delayed clinical benefit and durable responses, as seen with immuno-oncology therapies for multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, a longer-term approach to immuno-oncology data assessment is required. Appropriate study designs, end points and statistical methods are essential for evaluating immuno-oncology therapies to assess treatment outcomes, and may better accommodate immuno-oncology clinical trial data. In addition to conventional end points including median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), end points such as hazard ratios for PFS and OS over time, PFS and OS landmark analyses beyond the median, and immune-response end points might provide better indications of the efficacy of immuno-oncology therapies. Long-term data with these agents will allow better prediction of outcomes in MM.
Identification of LpxL, a Late Acyltransferase of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> (2007)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and the lipid A region of LPS mediates stimulation of the immune system in a structure-dependent manner. Unlike the LPS of many other gram-negative bacteria, the LPS of Francisella tularensis isolated from in vitro cultures is not proinflammatory. This observed lack of proinflammatory prowess may reflect structural features of the lipid A, such as the number and length of the acyl chains and the single-phosphate group. To better understand this phenotype, we have begun to elucidate LPS biosynthesis in F. tularensis. We present complementation, mutational, and chemical data demonstrating that F. tularensis FTT0232c encodes a functional late acyltransferase enzyme with specificity similar to that of the Escherichia coli LpxL ortholog. Expression of this late acyltransferase complemented the temperature-sensitive and hypoacylated lipid A phenotypes of an E. coli lpxL mutant, expression of FTT0232c is increased during intracellular growth relative to that during in vitro growth, and finally, LPS obtained from a mutant of F. tularensis lacking FTT0232c showed an abundant triacyl lipid A species after mass spectrometric analysis, consistent with the loss of an LpxL late acyltransferase.
Design and Operation of a Pilot-Scale Biological Phosphate Removal Plant at Central Contra Costa Sanitary District (1983)

A pilot plant incorporating side-stream biological phosphate (P) removal was operated at the Central Contra Costa Sanitary District (CCCSD), CA, USA wastewater treatment plant from Apr-Dec 1981. Secondary effluent total P&lt; 1 mg P/L was obtained consistently both when the plant nitrified and did not nitrify. The P-stripper usually employed elutriation of solids with primary effluent, however operation with no elutriation was tested briefly. A minimum elutriation rate was required for successful P removal in this study. Uptake and release of Mg2+ and K+ accompanied P uptake and release. Bulking at low F/M was controlled by introducing two small-volume compartments at the head end of the aeration basin.
Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Time of Water in a Porous Medium with Heterogeneous Surface Wettability (1969)

The nuclear magnetic relaxation time of water in porous media with heterogeneous internal surface wettability is shown to be a function of the ratio of water-wet to oil-wet internal surface area. Conventional laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance equipment is used in these studies in contrast to highly specialized apparatus used by previous workers.
P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and E-selectin Ligand-1 Are Differentially Modified by Fucosyltransferases Fuc-TIV and Fuc-TVII in Mouse Neutrophils (2000)

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1) are the two major selectin ligands on mouse neutrophils. Transfection experiments demonstrate that each ligand requires alpha1,3-fucosylation for selectin-binding. However, the relative contributions made by the two known myeloid alpha1, 3-fucosyltransferases Fuc-TVII or Fuc-TIV to this alpha1, 3-fucosylation are not yet clear. To address this issue, we have used mice deficient in Fuc-TIV and/or Fuc-TVII to examine how these enzymes generate selectin-binding glycoforms of PSGL-1 and ESL-1 in mouse neutrophils. Selectin binding was analyzed by affinity isolation experiments using recombinant, antibody-like forms of the respective endothelial selectins. We observe essentially normal binding of E- or P-selectin to PSGL-1 expressed by Fuc-TIV-deficient neutrophils but find that PSGL-1 expressed by Fuc-TVII-deficient neutrophils is not bound by E- or P-selectin. By contrast, E-selectin binds with normal efficiency to ESL-1 on Fuc-TVII-deficient neutrophils but exhibits an 80% reduction in its ability to bind ESL-1 isolated from Fuc-TIV-deficient neutrophils. The same specificity with which Fuc-TVII and Fuc-TIV generate selectin-binding forms of PSGL-1 and ESL-1 was found in transfection experiments with CHO-Pro(-)5 cells. In contrast, each fucosyltransferase alone could generate selectin-binding glycoforms of each of the two ligands in CHO-DUKX-B1 cells. Our data imply that in mouse neutrophils and their precursors, Fuc-TVII exclusively directs expression of PSGL-1 glycoforms bound with high affinity by P-selectin. By contrast, Fuc-TIV preferentially directs expression of ESL-1 glycoforms that exhibit high affinity for E-selectin. This substrate specificity can be mimicked in CHO-Pro(-)5 cells.
Intrasite Gel: a hydrogel dressing (1994)

Intrasite Gel is a hydrogel designed for the debridement of necrotic tissue and effective desloughing, clearing the way for effective wound healing. It is also designed for wounds that are granulating and epithelialising. (Intrasite Gel is a trademark for Smith & Nephew Ltd.).
An algorithm for exhaustive generation of building floor plans (1981)

The combinatorial complexity of most floor plan design problems makes it practically impossible to obtain a systematic knowledge of possible solutions using pencil and paper. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the development of computer methods providing such knowledge for the designer. The paper describes an algorithm which generates all possible rectangular plans on modular grids with congruent cells, subject to constraints on total area, room areas, wall lengths, room adjacencies, and room orientations. To make room sizes regular and limit the solution set only such grids are used which minimize the number of cells in the smallest room. The description is sufficiently detailed to serve as a basis for programming. Test results for a Pascal implementation of the algorithm are reported. Realistic problems of up to ten rooms have been solved in modest lengths of computer time. The results indicate that the approach of exhaustive generation may prove to be more fruitful than generally assumed.
Foundations of Physically Based Modeling and Animation (2016)

Physics forms the basis for many of the motions and behaviors seen in both the real world and in the virtual worlds of animated films, visual effects, and computer games. By describing the underlying physical principles and then creating simulations based on these principles, these computer-generated worlds are brought to life. Physically Based Modeling and Animation goes behind the scenes of computer animation and details the mathematical and algorithmic foundations that are used to determine the behavior underlying the movement of virtual objects and materials. Dr. Donald House and Dr. John Keyser offer an approachable, hands-on view of the equations and programming that form the foundations of this field. They guide readers from the beginnings of modeling and simulation to more advanced techniques, enabling them to master what they need to know in order to understand and create their own animations Emphasizes the underlying concepts of the field, and is not tied to any particular software package, language, or API. Develops concepts in mathematics, physics, numerical methods, and software design in a highly integrated way, enhancing both motivation and understanding. Progressively develops the material over the book, starting from very basic techniques, and building on these to introduce topics of increasing complexity. Motivates the topics by tying the underlying physical and mathematical techniques directly to applications in computer animation.
Lossless voltage regulation and control of the resonant switched-capacitor DC-DC converter (2015)

This paper presents an approach for nominally lossless regulation of the output voltage, and for design of tight closed-loop voltage control of a resonant switched-capacitor (ResSC) dc-dc converter. A switching pattern for the ResSC dc-dc converter that enables wide range lossless voltage regulation and zero voltage switching (ZVS) is developed. An appropriate small signal model is derived based on the generalized averaging method. In view of the dynamics of the developed small signal transfer functions, a compensation method based on a minor phase loop is introduced to stabilize the system. The steady state and transient responses of the system are evaluated based on the developed model. The performance of the proposed controller is verified by a switch-based simulation in a design example for on-chip power delivery application.
Women in the Superintendency: A Study of Accumulative Disadvantage (2006)

Through the lens of the Salieri effect (Clark & Corcoran, 1986) and accumulative disadvantage, thepurpose of the study is to describe and explain the under-representation of women in thesuperintendency despite their over-representation in the teaching profession. The following will beaccomplished: (a) a description of the stories of women’s lives and experiences that pertains to ordescribe a career in education administration; (b) an analysis of the stories these women tell throughthe lens of the Salieri effect and accumulative disadvantage; © other realities that may be revealed; (d)an assessment of the usefulness of the Salieri effect and accumulative disadvantage for explaining thephenomenon under review.
Highly ordered mesostructured Ni particles prepared from lyotropic liquid crystals by electroless deposition: the effect of reducing agents on the ordering of mesostructure (2005)

Mesostructured Ni and Co particles are formed by metal deposition in the aqueous domains of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) using different reducing agents. We have investigated the role of reducing agents in metal deposition for the synthesis of highly-ordered mesoporous metals by electroless deposition. Slow metal deposition accompanied by the autocatalytic reaction of dimethylamineborane (DMAB), caused by the combination of Ni and DMAB, led to the formation of highly-ordered mesostructured Ni.