gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Area Substrate Bonding With Single-Printing Silver Paste Sintering for Power Modules (2020)

Sintered silver with high thermal conductivity and reliability has been considered as a promising substrate bonding solution in power modules. The traditional double printing process is complex, and the second layer of silver paste is too thin to ensure complete wetting. We greatly simplified the sample preparation process by single printing and optimized the sintering process by means of open-face contact drying technology and staged heating method. In this article, the effect of predrying steps and heating rate on the quality of sintered silver joint on large area silver-plated DBC substrate and its mechanism are discussed. The microstructure shows that the samples sintered by the optimized sintering process have no obvious defects, and the sintered silver layer is dense and uniform. In order to evaluate the bonding quality of the whole joint, the sample was cut into 16 small pieces by metallographic cutter, the average shear strength was 55.65 MPa, and the strength distribution between the center and the edge of the sample was uniform. The samples sintered by an optimized sintering process show cohesive failure mode and typical ductile fracture morphology. The energy dispersive spectrum analysis shows that the composition distribution of the sintered silver layer in the center and edge of the sample was relatively uniform, which is consistent with the distribution of shear strength. The scanning electron microscopy image of cross section demonstrated that the porosity of the adhesive layer is 3.08%, which is far lower than that of the traditional double printing process, with good interface bonding and no delamination.
Characterization of <i>Nocardia amarae</i> as a Potent Biological Coalescing Agent of Water-Oil Emulsions (1982)

Nocardia amarae grown in a liquid medium induced coalescence of emulsions which differed in type, composition of the organic phase, and structure of stabilizing emulsifiers. De-emulsifying activity varied with the type of growth medium, culture age, and postharvest treatment. Based on extraction and degradation studies, it was concluded that de-emulsifying properties are due to the bacterial cell surface. Thus, bacteria may provide a new source of de-emulsifying agents.
P‐92: Fabrication and Patterning of a Wide‐Color‐Gamut Color Filter Based on Quantum Dots (2016)

The patterned color filter films with high concentration quantum dots (QD) were fabricated and proved to be applied as color converting film of white or blue OLEDs and replacement of color filter in LCD. QDs were dispersed in mass production color filter resin, and the quenching of QDs were effectively restrained.
Freezing as a Means of Retarding Bread Staling (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFreezing as a Means of Retarding Bread StalingWilliam H. Cathcart and Steven V. LuberCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 3, 362–368Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50351a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50351a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Solution structure of synthetic peptides corresponding to the C‐terminal helix of interleukin‐6 (1994)

Two synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal 19 residues of human and murine interleukin-6, respectively, have been synthesized and their structures in solution investigated using high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Both peptides show a marked dependence of chemical-shift dispersion on pH, with a greater degree of structure apparent above pH 4.5, where their glutamate carboxyl groups are ionised. In purely aqueous solution, neither peptide adopts a well-defined structure, although the murine peptide has characteristics of a nascent helix. Titration of the murine peptide with trifluoroethanol produced a significant increase in structure, which was then investigated using two-dimensional NMR. In 50% (by vol.) trifluoroethanol the murine peptide consists of a well-defined central helix of 12 residues with unstructured N-terminal and C-terminal regions. These observations lend experimental support to the current model of the interleukin-6 structure, which proposes a four-helical bundle with the last helix encompassing the C-terminal 20-30 residues. Furthermore, the fact that synthetic peptides corresponding to part of the putative receptor-binding surface of interleukin-6 are able to adopt a similar conformation in solution to that proposed for the intact protein suggests that such peptide analogues should be useful starting points in the design of peptide agonists and antagonists of interleukin-6.
Dopamine D4 receptor gene and personality dimensions in Brazilian male alcoholics (1999)

The presence of the seven-repeat allele of the VNTR in the exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been associated in healthy subjects to the personality trait of novelty seeking. The present study focuses these observations on a sample of Brazilian male alcoholics, evaluated on the temperament dimensions originally described by Cloninger. The genotypes observed are in agreement with those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Subjects with the seven-repeat allele manifest lower harm avoidance scores. No significant differences between subjects with or without the seven-repeat allele in the scores of novelty seeking or reward dependence were observed. The lack of association between novelty seeking and the DRD4 exon 3 polymorphism is further corroborated by the fact that the comorbid antisocial personality disorder is not associated to the presence of the seven-repeat allele. These results could be explained by a biological connection between the personality dimensions of novelty seeking and harm avoidance.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I is a Major Fibroblast Mitogen Produced by Primary Cultures of Human Airway Epithelial Cells (1995)

1. The ability of airway epithelial cells to produce insulin-like growth factor I may be important in the pathogenesis of subepithelial fibrosis observed in the airways of patients with asthma. We determined whether human airway epithelial cells are capable of producing polypeptide mediators that could induce fibroblast proliferative activity, in particular insulin-like growth factor I. 2. We examined 12 primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells grown to confluence on collagen gel-coated dishes. Using a colorimetric assay based on the uptake and subsequent release of Methylene Blue, increased proliferation of human fetal lung fibroblasts was detected in conditioned media from airway epithelial cells. The median stimulation of fibroblast proliferation was 49.9% (range 25.6-113.3%) above control values (observed at 1:2 dilution of media). 3. A neutralizing antiserum to insulin-like growth factor I partly inhibited fibroblast proliferation induced by epithelial cell conditioned media by 52.2% (49.9-109%; n = 5). 4. Radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor I in conditioned media demonstrated a median concentration of 54.1 ng/ml (32.4-96.8 ng/ml). 5. Insulin-like growth factor I mRNA was detected in epithelial cell monolayers by Northern blot analysis using an insulin-like growth factor I cDNA probe. 6. The insulin-like growth factor I gene is expressed in cultured human airway epithelial cells, which also secrete insulin-like growth factor I protein. Insulin-like growth factor I also accounts for the major mitogenic activity for fibroblasts of cultured human epithelial cell conditioned media. Insulin-like growth factor I may function in a paracrine manner to modulate fibroblast behaviour and may be involved in airway processes, such as those occurring in asthma.
Maintenance Therapy With Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Who Fail to Respond to Combination Therapy With Interferon Alfa and Ribavirin (2003)

To assess the efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with ribavirin alone in chronic hepatitis C, 108 patients were treated with the combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin for 24 weeks; those who failed to have a virologic response were offered enrollment in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of ribavirin (1,000-1,200 mg daily) versus placebo for the subsequent 48 weeks. Patients were monitored at regular intervals with symptom questionnaires, serum aminotransferase levels, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels, and complete blood counts and underwent liver biopsy at the completion of therapy. Among 108 patients, 50 were still HCV RNA positive after 24 weeks of treatment, of whom 34 agreed to be randomized to continue either ribavirin monotherapy or placebo. Among 17 patients who received placebo, there was no overall improvement in symptoms, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, HCV RNA levels, or hepatic histology. Among the 17 patients who received ribavirin, serum ALT levels and necroinflammatory features of liver histology were improved, whereas symptoms, HCV RNA levels, and hepatic fibrosis scores were not changed significantly from baseline. Responses to ribavirin seemed to be categorical, such that 8 patients (47%) had definite improvement in liver histology. Patients with improved histology had improvements in serum ALT levels both on combination therapy and after switching to ribavirin monotherapy. In conclusion, continuation of ribavirin monotherapy may maintain serum biochemical improvements that occur during interferon-ribavirin combination therapy in some patients and that these improvements are often associated with decreases in necroinflammatory changes in the liver. Whether these improvements will ultimately result in prevention of progression of hepatitis C requires further study.
Mechanism of action of the lexA gene product. (1981)

Genetic experiments have suggested that the lexA gene product of Escherichia coli represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage, including recA and lexA. We purified the lexA gene product from bacterial strains that bear plasmids that direct the synthesis of large amounts of the protein. Purified lexA protein bound to two symmetrical DNA sequences in front of lexA and one in front of recA, protecting them from digestion with DNase I and blocking methylation of purines in the major groove. lexA protein repressed transcription of both genes in vitro. lexA protein binds to the two sites in front of the lexA gene with approximately the same affinity and with greater affinity to the single site in front of the recA gene. The affinity of lexA protein for its operator sites was measured under conditions that mimic conditions in vivo. Differences in the affinity with which lexA protein binds to the operators of genes it represses may account for the differences in the timing and extent of their induction after DNA damage.
Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to 1-Butanol via the Guerbet Reaction over Copper- and Nickel-Doped Porous (2016)

The direct conversion of ethanol to higher value 1-butanol is a catalytic transformation of great interest in light of the expected wide availability of bioethanol originating from the fermentation of renewable resources. In this contribution we describe several novel compositions of porous metal oxides (PMO) as highly active and selective catalysts for the Guerbet coupling of ethanol to 1-butanol in the temperature range 180–320 °C. The novel PMO catalysts that do not contain any noble metals are obtained by calcination of a series of hydrotalcite precursors synthesized through modular procedures. In particular, catalyst compositions simultaneously containing Cu and Ni dopants have shown excellent catalytic activities. Up to 22% 1-butanol yield at 56% ethanol conversion was reached in a batch mode; recycling and leaching tests showed excellent robustness of the new catalysts. An extensive characterization by means of several techniques such as powder XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, and NH3- and CO2-TPD was performed in order to understand structure–activity trends.
Normalized Median Fluorescence: An Alternative Flow Cytometry Analysis Method for Tracking Human Embryonic Stem Cell States During Differentiation (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but before they can be used in therapies, we must be able to accurately identify the state and progeny of hESCs. One of the most commonly used methods for identification is flow cytometry. Many flow cytometry applications use antibodies to detect the amount of antigen present on/in a cell. This allows for the identification of unique cell populations or the tracking of expression changes within a population during differentiation. The results are typically presented as a percentage of positively expressing cells (%Pos) for a marker of choice, relative to a negative control. However, this reporting term is vulnerable to distortion from outliers and inaccuracy from loss of information about the population's fluorescence intensity. In this article, we describe an alternate strategy that uses the normalized median fluorescence intensity (nMFI), in which the MFI of the stained sample is normalized to the MFI of the negative control, as the reporting term to more accurately describe a population of cells in culture. We observed that nMFI provides a more accurate representation for the quality of a starting population and comparing data of different experimental runs. In addition, we demonstrated that the nMFI is a more sensitive measure of pluripotent and differentiation markers expression changes during hESC differentiation into three germ layer lineages.
Managing Policy Updates in Security-Typed Languages (2006)

This paper presents Rx, a new security-typed programming language with features intended to make the management of information-flow policies more practical. Security labels in Rx, in contrast to prior approaches, are defined in terms of owned roles, as found in the RT role-based trust-management framework. Role-based security policies allow flexible delegation, and our language Rx provides constructs through which programs can robustly update policies and react to policy updates dynamically. Our dynamic semantics use statically verified transactions to eliminate illegal information flows across updates, which we call transitive flows. Because policy updates can be observed through dynamic queries, policy updates can potentially reveal sensitive information. As such, Rx considers policy statements themselves to be potentially confidential information and subject to information-flow metapolicies
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the T Cell Receptor P-Chain Gene in Chinese Patients with Thyrotoxic Hypokaleamic Periodic Paralysis and Graves' Disease (1995)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene was studied in two groups of Chinese thyrotoxic patients, those with thyrotoxic hypokaleamic periodic paralysis (THPP) and those with Graves' Disease (GD). DNA digested with restriction enzymes Bgl II, Bam HI, Eco RI, Pvu II and Taq I were hybridized to a 770 bp TcR beta cDNA probe containing the joining (J) and constant (C) region segments. The TcR beta/Bgl II polymorphism of 9.2 kb and 10 kb fragments were observed in THPP, GD and normal controls. The genotype frequencies of this polymorphism, however, did not differ between patients (THPP or GD) and controls. These results, therefore, do not support the presence of an association between the TCR beta/Bgl II RFLP and THPP nor with GD susceptibility. Finally, restriction analysis of DNA from our patients and normal controls using enzymes Bam HI, Eco RI, Pvu II and Taq I with the T cell receptor beta-chain gene did not show polymorphisms, and were therefore not informative.
Robust Online Digital Image Stabilization Based on Point-Feature Trajectory Without Accumulative Global Motion Estimation (2012)

A framework of robust online digital image stabilization based on point-feature trajectory is proposed. The conventional online digital image stabilization approaches, which have to use accumulative global motion with respect to the initial reference frame, might fail in the long run because error accumulation is inevitable with the elapse of time. Instead, the proposed scheme directly estimates the correction motion between unstable input and stabilized output images by exploiting original and smoothed point-feature trajectories without the accumulative global motion. As a result, ours is able to operate for a long time. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to stabilize unstable video with real-time process for a long time and has good robustness to a variety of conditions.
Wir sehen immer mehr Lustlose (1998)

Die relative Symptomhaufigkeit bei der Klassifikation sexueller Symptome hat sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten dramatisch verandert. Die Zunahme des Anteils sexueller Lustlosigkeit (bei Frauen von 8 % auf 58 %, bei Mannern von 4 % auf 16 %) erklart Schmidt damit, das Patienten wie Therapeuten heute weniger die sexuelle Funktion als die sexuellen Wunsche in den Vordergrund stellen. Die Lustlosigkeit sieht er paardynamisch polarisiert und geschlechtsspezifisch zugespitzt, indem die Frauen das Desinteresse und die Manner den trieb »ubernehmen«. Die Ursachen analysiert der Autor aus soziologischer Perspektive und fast sie in funf Thesen zusammen: (1) Die Emanzipation schafft den Freiraum fur Lustlosigkeit und in dem Sinne, (2) Moderne Beziehungsstrukturen und Beziehungsideale machen die »naturliche« Lustlosigkeit/sexuelle Langeweile schwer ertraglich, (3) Wunsche werden knapp, (4) Sexuelle Langeweile spiegelt die Abwendung von einer mechanischen und biologisierenden und die Hinwendung zu einer psychologisierenden und asthetisierenden Sichtweise der Sexualitat wider. (5) Tabuisierung der Sexualitat erstickt Erotik und Leidenschaft.
Enhancers increase the probability but not the level of gene expression. (1995)

We have studied enhancer function in transient and stable expression assays in mammalian cells by using systems that distinguish expressing from nonexpressing cells. When expression is studied in this way, enhancers are found to increase the probability of a construct being active but not the level of expression per template. In stably integrated constructs, large differences in expression level are observed but these are not related to the presence of an enhancer. Together with earlier studies, these results suggest that enhancers act to affect a binary (on/off) switch in transcriptional activity. Although this idea challenges the widely accepted model of enhancer activity, it is consistent with much, if not all, experimental evidence on this subject. We hypothesize that enhancers act to increase the probability of forming a stably active template. When randomly integrated into the genome, enhancers may affect a metastable state of repression/activity, permitting expression in regions that would not permit activity of an isolated promoter.
Single-Period Multiproduct Inventory Models with Substitution (1999)

We study a single period multiproduct inventory problem with substitution and proportional costs and revenues. We considerNproducts andNdemand classes with full downward substitution, i.e., excess demand for classican be satisfied using productjfori≥j. We first discuss a two-stage profit maximization formulation for the multiproduct substitution problem. We show that a greedy allocation policy is optimal. We use this to write the expected profits and its first partials explicitly. This in turn enables us to prove additional properties of the profit function and several interesting properties of the optimal solution. In a limited computational study using two products, we illustrate the benefits of solving for the optimal quantities when substitution is considered at the ordering stage over similar computations without considering substitution while ordering. Specifically, we show that the benefits are higher with high demand variability, low substitution cost, low profit margins (or low price to cost ratio), high salvage values, and similarity of products in terms of prices and costs.
Memory array testing through a scannable configuration (2002)

We have previously proposed a scannable memory configuration which is useful in testing logic blocks around memory arrays. In this paper, from a viewpoint of memory testing, we investigate the testability of the scannable memory configuration and propose a memory array test using the scan path. It is shown that we can detect (1) all stuck-at-faults in memory cells, (2) all stuck-at-faults in address decoders, (3) all stuck-at faults in read/write logic, (4) static, dynamic and 2-coupling faults between memory cells of adjacent words, and (5) static coupling faults between memory cells in the same word. The test can be accomplished simply by comparing scan-in data and scan-out data. The test vector is 20/spl times/m+s bit long, where m is the number of words of the memory array under test and s is the total scan path length.
The DSP32C: AT&Ts second generation floating point digital signal processor (1988)

The WEDSP32C high-performance, programmable digital signal processor supports 32-bit floating-point arithmetic and is upwardly compatible with its predecessor, the WEDSP32. Because it is implemented in 0.75- mu m (effective channel length) CMOS technology, the second-generation device achieves high functional density with low power consumption. The DSP32C offers the following features: 25-Mflop operation; 16-Mb/s serial-input and serial-output ports; a 160-bit, parallel I/O port for control and data transfer; interrupt facilities; single-instruction mu -law and A-law data conversions; single-instruction conversions between integers and floating-point data; a byte-addressable, on-chip memory that is extendable off chip; direct memory access to and from internal and external memory via parallel and serial I/O ports; 16 Mbytes of address space; and IEEE Std. 754 floating-point format conversion. The authors describe the DSP32C's instruction set, architecture, and application development tools. The latter includes an assembler, a simulator, an optimizing C compiler, and special-purpose hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>