gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bullying entre adolescentes, una problemática creciente (2018)

El bullying en la actualidad es un verdadero problema de salud silencioso que ha ganado espacio, pero sin embargo es poco denunciado, a pesar de existir leyes en el Ecuador que lo estipulan como delito; la forma de maltrato en la actualidad se ha intensificado debido a la utilizacion de redes sociales y discriminacion de clase. En Ambato, en una unidad educativa privada, se realizo el presente estudio transversal descriptivo en jovenes de 13 a 18 anos de edad, mediante la aplicacion de una encuesta, y los resultados mostraron que el 49 % de adolescentes admite ser acosado, identificandose a la provocacion, el maltrato verbal como formas frecuentes de intimidacion, seguido del maltrato fisico y psicologico; el lugar donde se produce el mayor numero de intimidaciones es fuera de la unidad educativa y en ausencia del docente; el adolescente intimidado en alto porcentaje no comparte su problema, lo que hace que esta modalidad de intimidacion no sea resuelta de forma inmediata y no se tome el correctivo necesario, tanto para el acosador como para el intimidado, lo cual en el futuro traera graves consecuencias, dentro de las cuales se pueden citar trastornos psicologicos, de conducta, bajo rendimiento escolar, distimia y en el peor de los casos llegar a autolisis. Por todo aquello es necesario realizar campanas de concienciacion dirigidas a docentes, padres de familia y estudiantes, con el fin de detectar y corregir a tiempo esta problematica social, evitando consecuencias fatales.
Hepatic or Splenic Targeting of Carrier Erythrocytes: A Murine Model (1987)

Carrier mouse erythrocytes, i.e., red cells, subjected to a dialysis technique involving transient hypotonic hemolysis and isotonic resealing were treated in vitro in three different ways: (a) energy depletion by exposure for 90 min at 42 degrees C; (b) desialylation by incubation with neuroaminidase; and (c) oxidative stress by incubation with H2O2 and NaN3. Procedure (c) afforded maximal damage, as shown by analysis of biochemical properties of the treated erythrocytes. Reinfusion in mice of the variously manipulated erythrocytes following their 51Cr labeling showed extensive fragilization as indicated by rapid clearance of radioactivity from the circulation. Moreover, both the energy-depleted and the neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes showed a preferential liver uptake, reaching 50 and 75%, respectively, within 2 h. On the other hand, exposure of erythrocytes to the oxidant stress triggered a largely splenic removal, accounting for almost 40% of the reinjected cells within 4 h. Transmission electron microscopy of liver from mice receiving energy-depleted erythrocytes demonstrated remarkable erythrocyte congestion within the sinusoids, followed by hyperactivity of Kupffer cells and by subsequent thickening of the perisinusoidal Disse space. Concomitantly, levels of serum transaminase activities were moderately increased. Each of the three procedures of manipulation of carrier erythrocytes may prove applicable under conditions where selective targeting of erythrocyte-encapsulated chemicals and drugs to either the liver or the spleen has to be achieved.
Global Harmonization of Hemoglobin A1c (2005)

Measurement of glycohemoglobin (GHb) is widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus as a monitor of long-term glycemic control (1)(2)(3). In addition, prospective randomized clinical trials, most notably the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), have demonstrated that GHb is a measure of the risk for the development of diabetes complications (4)(5). GHb is therefore an integral component of the management of patients with diabetes.

GHb comprises several different hemoglobin-glucose adducts, including hemoglobin A1a (HbA1a), HbA1b, and HbA1c. More than 30 different methods are commercially available to measure GHb. Together these factors have led to considerable variation in reference intervals and results reported by different laboratories. When the DCCT was published in 1993, the lack of standardization of GHb methods produced very wide variability among methods, with values ranging from 4.0% to 8.1% on the same blood sample (6). In the United States, the NGSP (previously known as the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program) has reduced interlaboratory variation (7). Using a standardization process based on the DCCT reference method, the NGSP has promoted a dramatic improvement in comparability of GHb values among laboratories (3). Data from the 2003 GH2 survey from the College of American Pathologists indicated that ≥98% of participating laboratories use NGSP-certified methods and report results as HbA1c or HbA1c equivalents (3). Analogous standardization programs in Sweden and Japan (8)(9), established to harmonize GHb results, have also reduced variability among GHb results. More recently, the IFCC Working Group on HbA1c Standardization prepared primary reference materials of pure HbA1c and HbA0 and developed a reference method for HbA1c (10). They defined HbA1c as the stable adduct of glucose to the N-terminal valine of the β-chain of hemoglobin. In the reference method, hemoglobin is cleaved …
Scalable Single-Step Noninjection Synthesis of High-Quality Core/Shell Quantum Dots with Emission Tunable from Violet to Near Infrared (2012)

The common two-step "hot-injection" methods are not suitable for reproducible production of core/shell quantum dots (QDs) at large scale for practical applications. Herein we develop a scalable, reproducible, and low-cost synthetic approach for high-quality core/shell QDs (CdS/Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S, CdSe/Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S, and CdTe/Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S) with shell material composed of gradient alloy structure by directly heating commercial available, air-stable CdO, Zn(NO(3))(2), and chalcogenide elements in octadecene media at air. With simple variation of reaction recipe (reactants and feeding ratio), luminescence color of the resulting QDs can be conveniently tuned from violet to near-infrared (400-820 nm). The emission efficiency of the as-prepared QDs can be up to 80%. Moreover, the high emission efficiency can be preserved after QDs transferred into aqueous media via ligand exchange. The structure, chemical composition, and optical properties of the obtained QDs have been characterized with use of transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and optical spectroscopy. The scalability of the reported approach has been demonstrated by the facile preparation of gram-scaled QD product in one batch reaction.
Nuclear Energy Thrives in Asia (1995)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Culture of Purified Stem Cells from Fetal Liver Results in Loss of In Vivo Repopulating Potential (1996)

The development of in vitro conditions that promote a numerical expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with long-term reconstituting ability has been a long-standing goal in experimental hematology. In previous studies, we showed that input numbers of such cells, i.e., competitive repopulating units (CRU), could be maintained for 2 weeks when purified Sca-1 + Lin-WGA + adult bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured in serum-free and stromal cell-free cultures containing Steel factor (SF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and erythropoietin (Epo). In separate studies, we showed that limiting numbers of purified fetal liver (FL) cells that are highly enriched for CRU display a higher proliferative and self-renewal potential in vivo compared with similar cells purified from adult BM. These findings prompted us to explore the possibility of achieving a numerical expansion of purified FL cells in culture. Although we observed an extensive increase in the number of nucleated FL cells in all culture conditions tested, none of the cultures, including cultures in serum-containing medium and cocultures on a preestablished feeder layer of BM stromal cells of S17 cells, sustained the expected expansion or even supported the maintenance of input numbers of FL CRU. Single cell cultures showed that the production of nucleated cells by purified Sca-1 ++ Lin.-AA4.1 + FL cells stayed behind that of purified Sca-1 + Lin-WGA + adult BM cells. Taken together, our results show that a variety of culture conditions tested, including conditions that support maintenance and limited expansion of adult BM CRU do not support the production of repopulating stem cells from FL. Because such expansion can be observed in vivo, this system appears useful to search for novel culture conditions and-perhaps yet unidentified-cytokines or other microenvironment-related factors that may be required for FL CRU to prevent loss of repopulation potential in vitro and allow these cells to exhibit their expected self-renewal potential.
Electromagnetic Characterization of Textured Surfaces Formed by Metallic Pins (2008)

We develop a homogenization model to characterize textured surfaces formed by a periodic arrangement of thin metallic pins attached to a conducting ground plane: the ldquoFakir's bed of nailsrdquo substrate. It is demonstrated that the textured surface can be accurately modeled using a dielectric function, provided spatial dispersion effects are considered as well as additional boundary conditions. We derive closed analytical formulas for the reflection coefficient, and for the dispersion characteristic of the surfaces waves. In addition, it is demonstrated that the artificial substrate may mimic almost exactly the behavior of an ideal impedance surface boundary, and that the only physical factor that may limit this remarkable property is the skin depth of the metal. The reported results are supported by full wave simulations as well as by experimental data.
Distortion in linearized electrooptic modulators (1995)

Intermodulation and harmonic distortion are calculated for a simple fiber-optic link with a representative set of link parameters and a variety of electrooptic modulators: simple Mach-Zehnder, linearized dual and triple Mach-Zehnder, simple directional coupler (two operating points), and linearized directional coupler with one and two dc electrodes. The resulting dynamic ranges, gains, and noise figures are compared for these modulators. A new definition of dynamic range is proposed to accommodate the more complicated variation of intermodulation with input power exhibited by linearized modulators. The effects of noise bandwidth, preamplifier distortion, and errors in modulator operating conditions are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prognostic implications of proliferative activity and DNA aneuploidy in colonic adenocarcinomas. (1987)

Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 120 patients who underwent resections for primary untreated colonic adenocarcinoma were examined for proliferative activity, DNA aneuploidy, DNA index, and the proportion of aneuploid cells by flow cytometry. The results were correlated with survival times and clinical characteristics of the patients. The presence of metastases, both distant and restricted to local lymph nodes, was found to be a more potent adverse prognostic indicator than any DNA flow cytometry-derived parameter. Additional analyses were performed following stratification of patients into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of metastases. Analysis of 60 patients without metastatic involvement revealed a significant correlation between high proliferative activity, defined as more than 20% of cells in S-phase, and DNA aneuploidy. In fact, high proliferative activity was shown to be a more powerful adverse prognostic indicator in relation to survival than DNA aneuploidy in these cases after multivariate analysis. These results suggest that differences in proliferative activity may be an important biologic factor operative in the variable prognosis seen in colonic adenocarcinoma. In addition, they re-emphasize the importance of stratifying patients into groups based on metastatic involvement when evaluating other possible prognostic features in this disease.
EURITRACK tagged neutron inspection system design (2006)

The EURITRACK project aims at developing a non-destructive measurement system, using an associated particle sealed tube neutron generator, to detect explosives or other threat materials concealed in cargo containers. Chemical composition of the suspect item is determined by coincidence measurements between alpha particles and photons resulting from neutron interactions in the inspected voxel of the container. We present the design and the performances of the measurement system obtained by Monte Carlo calculations. Selected gamma detectors are clusters of 5''×5''×10'' and 5''×5'' sodium iodide scintillators, and a block of 100 kg of TNT located in a container filled with a metallic matrix having a density of 0.2 g/cm3 is shown to be detectable in 10 minutes.
Parameter and Reactor Dependence of Selective Oxide RIE in  CF 4 +  H 2 (1982)

Highly selective etching of with respect to silicon and resist is obtained by reactive ion etching in . The maximum etch rate ratio depends in a sensitive way on gas residence time with etch rate ratio increasing with decreasing residence time. The reproducibility of high etch rate ratios was found to decrease with increasing pressure. The cleanliness of etching is determined by the material of the electrode and the electrode to wall area ratio. A process was developed by optimizing etching conditions and reactor design and then was tested electrically. Contact holes were etched to 0.25 μm junctions using full RIE in and buffered . The same low junction leakage and contact resistivity, 10−9 amps/cm2and 10−6 Ω‐cm2, were measured for both. Implications for scaling RIE into larger etching reactors as well as its use to pattern features at 1 μm ground rules are discussed.
Induction of Vascular SMC Proliferation by Urokinase Indicates a Novel Mechanism of Action in Vasoproliferative Disorders (1997)

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA) and its receptor are expressed in the vasculature and are involved in cell migration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the neointima. Vessels with atherosclerosis or neointimal hyperplasia, when compared with normal vessels, contain high UPA activity as well as increased levels of UPA receptor. In this study, we have identified the stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a novel activity for UPA in the vessel wall. High-molecular-weight-UPA (12-200 nmol/L range) stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, which was half that induced by fetal calf serum or by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. UPA did not induce growth of endothelial cells, and tissue-type plasminogen activator showed no activity on either cell type. Induction of proliferation required the complete UPA molecule but was independent of the proteolytic activity of UPA, whereas neither the amino-terminal fragment nor the catalytic domain by itself was mitogenic. UPA also stimulated c-fos/c-myc mRNA expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in smooth muscle cells. Blocking monoclonal antibodies against the UPA receptor and the enzymatic removal of receptors were ineffective in inhibiting the mitogenic effect of UPA, suggesting a UPA receptor-independent mechanism. Thus, we provide evidence for a novel function of UPA on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation that, together with its previously documented involvement in regulating pericellular proteolysis-related events and cell migration, provides additional evidence for a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis/restenosis.
Novel methods for high-resolution facial image capture using calibrated PTZ and static cameras (2008)

In many machine vision applications, a set of static and Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) cameras are used to capture a sequence of high-resolution facial images of a moving person. In this paper, we present our implementation of such a system. We emphasis two novelties in our work; the first one is our efficient PTZ camera calibration technique using hand-drawn gridlines. The second one is our head position estimation technique using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and variance analysis of the foreground blob regions.
Degradation Effects at Aluminum-Silicon Schottky Diodes (1999)

Transport properties of semitransparent Al-Si Schottky barriers employed in electrical investigations of interface states are the subject of this article. These barriers show room temperature aging effects, which we demonstrate to be ascribed to the interaction between the conductive paste used on the metal layer for wire bonding and the Al layer. © 1998 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Oxygen Metabolism and the Toxic Properties of Phagocytes (1980)

The products of oxygen reduction (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals) and excitation (singlet oxygen) have been implicated in the toxic properties of phagocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear phagocytes). Enzymes that potentiate (such as peroxidase) or limit (such as catalase, superoxide dismutase) the toxicity of these agents contribute to the complexity of the oxygen-dependent antimicrobial systems of phagocytes. These toxic systems are dormant when the phagocyte is at rest but are activated when the need arises and directed to the destruction of invading microorganisms and other foreign cells. Occasionally, the toxic systems are directed against normal host cells and in this way contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.
Dimeric and trimeric states of the fluorescein dianion. Part 2.—Effects on fluorescence characteristics (1981)

The fluorescence quenching of the fluorescein dianion in aqueous solution is studied over a wide concentration range (5 × 10–6 to 3 × 10–1 mol dm–3) where aggregates are formed. The rate constants at different temperatures and the mechanisms of the quenchings produced by the monomer, dimer and trimer are determined. Some aspects relating to the nature of binding in the aggregates are clarified by the determination of the enthalpy of trimer formation.
Improved initial rotor position estimation of IPMSM using amplitude demodulation method based on HF carrier signal injection (2017)

For interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives, high-frequency (HF) rotating voltage signal injection method is widely employed to estimate the initial rotor position. However, conventional demodulation method based on current phase is complex and susceptible to filters and digital control delays, an amplitude demodulation algorithm is proposed in this paper. With the proposed method, the initial rotor position can be demodulated from the amplitude of three phase current, including magnetic position and polarity. Meanwhile, the current amplitude is calculated by recursive DFT method, which requires a negligible memory space. Furthermore, a simple way is presented on exacting rotor position without filters, which is immune from filters and digital control delays. For magnetic polarity detection, a novel method is investigated based on magnetic saturation effect, which has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and no extra signal injection. Finally, the experimental results on a IPMSM indicate that the proposed method can obtain the initial rotor position with high precise and good robustness while comparing to the conventional method.
The First Bis(.mu.-oxo)diiron(III) Complex. Structure and Magnetic Properties of [Fe2(.mu.-O)2(6TLA)2](ClO4)2 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe First Bis(.mu.-oxo)diiron(III) Complex. Structure and Magnetic Properties of [Fe2(.mu.-O)2(6TLA)2](ClO4)2Yan Zang, Yanhong Dong, Lawrence Que Jr., Karl Kauffmann, and Eckard MuenckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3, 1169–1170Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00108a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views796Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Surface characterization and degradation behavior of polyimide films induced by coupling irradiation treatment (2018)

The degradation behavior of polyimide in extreme environments, especially under coupling treatment, directly determines the service life of several key components in spacecraft. In this research, the combined effect of a high energy electron beam (1.2 MeV), heavy tensile stress (50 MPa) and constant high temperature (150 °C) was taken into account to study the surface modification and degradation behavior of polyimide films. By analyzing surface morphology, microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of polyimide films after coupling treatment, the results indicated that the coupling treatment led to severe breakage of chemical bonds and decrease of surface quality. Meanwhile, new chemical bonds of C-C, CH<sub>2</sub>-O and C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N formed after coupling treatment. Additionally, a high dose of electron beam during coupling experiments contributed to the formation of an oxide layer, surface defects and even volatile gases in the outer layer of the polyimide film. This was attributed to the significant scissioning of molecular chains in polyimide films and corresponding chemical reactions between free radicals and oxygen in air. Consequently, the irradiation-load-heating coupling treatment led to a remarkable drop in viscoelastic properties and mechanical performance of polyimide films.
Millimeter wave detection arrays (2008)

In this paper we presented the design considerations of a new compact millimeter wave MEMS detection arrays. Each element in the array includes an antenna and a bolometer. Optimization of the antenna and bolometer structure allows us to maximize the power rate dissipated on the bolometer. The electromagnetic power is transmitted to a thermally isolated resistor. Electrical power raises the structure temperature. The resistor changes its temperature and therefore its electrical resistance. The rate of the dissipated power on the bolometer is around 25%. Detection of this radiation may be used to detect explosive materials and weapons.