gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modal Analysis of Conventional Gas Turbine Blade Materials (Udimet 500 and IN738) For Industrial Applications (2018)

Finite element method (FEM) was utilized to determine the natural frequency of two turbine blade materials applicable to Trans-amadi power plant in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Comparing the two gas turbine blade materials, the fundamental frequency under the same load condition was 751Hz for IN 738 and 896Hz for U500 turbine blade material. This implies that the natural frequencies obtained for both materials were much higher than the operational frequency of 85Hz for resonance to occur. Therefore, resonance would be delayed across the blade materials in service condition, indicating that gas turbine blades designed with both materials would be dynamically stable under operational frequency approaching 745Hz. It was observed that U500 gas turbine blade material which had a higher fundamental frequency has a better mechanical properties that can undergo a longer service condition in extreme working phase before failure compared to IN 738 material. This justification was deduced from the difference between the operational frequency and the fundamental frequency; as the closer the value obtained for fundamental frequency to the operational frequency, the higher the possibility of failure and vice versa. To avoid unforeseen failure and downtime in service operation, vibration test should be conducted on routine schedule in order to meet the expected performance of the gas turbine blade.
Coupling light from a laser diode into a multimode fiber (2003)

A parabolalike fiber end to couple the light from a high-power laser diode into a multimode fiber is presented. The formula for the coupling efficiency of such a system is given, and numerical evaluation shows that the theoretical coupling efficiency can be as high as 92% without an antireflection coating on the fiber's end face. This beam-shaping system can be fabricated easily and has a large alignment tolerance.
Attack on the GridCode one-time password (2011)

SyferLock presents a one-time password system, GridCode, that allows an unaided human to authenticate, reducing the cost of deployment. The one-time password system is a human computable challenge-response protocol which they claim defends against key-logging, replay, and brute force attacks, among others. We evaluate the security of the Grid-Code one-time password system and challenge these claims. We identify weak preimage resistance and character independence as key weaknesses of the GridCode system, leading to a variety of attacks. Our analysis indicates their scheme is akin to providing an adversary the ability to perform a brute force attack on a user's password in parallel without significant effort, lowering the effort required to recover a strong user password. Given a small number of challenge-response pairs, an adversary can recover a user's password (e.g., 2--4 pairs), and additional secret (e.g., 1 pair).
Physicochemical constraint violation by missense substitutions mediates impairment of protein function and disease severity (2005)

We find that the degree of impairment of protein function by missense variants is predictable by comparative sequence analysis alone. The applicable range of impairment is not confined to binary predictions that distinguish normal from deleterious variants, but extends continuously from mild to severe effects. The accuracy of predictions is strongly dependent on sequence variation and is highest when diverse orthologs are available. High predictive accuracy is achieved by quantification of the physicochemical characteristics in each position of the protein, based on observed evolutionary variation. The strong relationship between physicochemical characteristics of a missense variant and impairment of protein function extends to human disease. By using four diverse proteins for which sufficient comparative sequence data are available, we show that grades of disease, or likelihood of developing cancer, correlate strongly with physicochemical constraint violation by causative amino acid variants.
A neural network based VLSI vector quantizer for real-time image compression (2002)

A trainable VLSI neuroprocessor for adaptive vector quantization based upon the frequency-sensitive competitive learning algorithm has been developed for high-speed high-ratio image compression applications. Simulation results show that such an algorithm is capable of producing good-quality reconstructed image at compression ratios of more than 20. This design includes a fully parallel vector quantizer and a pipelined codebook generator which obtains a time complexity O(1) for each quantization vector. A 5*5-dimensional vector quantizer prototype chip has been designed, fabricated and tested. It contains 64 inner-product neural units and an extendable winner-take-all block. This mixed-signal chip occupies a compact Si area of 4.6*6.8 mm/sup 2/ in 2.0- mu m scalable CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic magnetostriction of Bi<sub>1-x</sub>Sb<sub>x</sub>alloys (1985)

The magnetostriction of Bi1-xSbx narrow-gap semimetals and semiconductors has been measured at 4.2K as a function of magnetic field for values of x<10 at.%. The field-induced strain is due to the change in the free carrier densities and energies, in turn due to the Landau level quantisation: the crystal size changes to minimise the sum of the elastic and electronic free energies. A quantitative model, involving a compilation of the literature on the band structure of these alloys, is developed and compared with the authors' data.
Multicolor Live-Cell Chemical Imaging by Isotopically Edited Alkyne Vibrational Palette (2014)

Vibrational imaging such as Raman microscopy is a powerful technique for visualizing a variety of molecules in live cells and tissues with chemical contrast. Going beyond the conventional label-free modality, recent advance of coupling alkyne vibrational tags with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy paves the way for imaging a wide spectrum of alkyne-labeled small biomolecules with superb sensitivity, specificity, resolution, biocompatibility, and minimal perturbation. Unfortunately, the currently available alkyne tag only processes a single vibrational "color", which prohibits multiplex chemical imaging of small molecules in a way that is being routinely practiced in fluorescence microscopy. Herein we develop a three-color vibrational palette of alkyne tags using a (13)C-based isotopic editing strategy. We first synthesized (13)C isotopologues of EdU, a DNA metabolic reporter, by using the newly developed alkyne cross-metathesis reaction. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the mono-(13)C ((13)C≡(12)C) and bis-(13)C ((13)C≡(13)C) labeled alkyne isotopologues display Raman peaks that are red-shifted and spectrally resolved from the originally unlabeled ((12)C≡(12)C) alkynyl probe. We further demonstrated three-color chemical imaging of nascent DNA, RNA, and newly uptaken fatty-acid in live mammalian cells with a simultaneous treatment of three different isotopically edited alkynyl metabolic reporters. The alkyne vibrational palette presented here thus opens up multicolor imaging of small biomolecules, enlightening a new dimension of chemical imaging.
The Programming Task (1987)

There is a lot more to programming than writing code, and examiners are prone to ask questions about other aspects of programming. This chapter will also help you to plan and undertake any practical programming work that might form part of your syllabus. The principles and practices that make up the programming task may be divided into a number of steps.
Some new results on extended Hamming product codes and punctured product codes (2005)

Analytical techniques for evaluating Hamming product code performance at low error rates are presented. Closed-form expressions for their dominant multiplicity values are derived, based on the properties of their transitive automorphism groups. The analytical curves are plotted and validated by comparison with iterative decoding. The approach is also extended to punctured codes, where we apply the new "uniform puncturing" method for estimating analytically their average performance.
Language Tags and Ranges in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) (2004)

It is often desirable to be able to indicate the natural language associated with values held in a directory and to be able to query the directory for values which fulfill the user's language needs.This document details the use of Language Tags and Ranges in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). Background and Intended UseThe Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) [RFC3377] provides a means for clients to interrogate and modify information stored in a distributed directory system.The information in the directory is maintained as attributes of entries.Most of these attributes have syntaxes which are human-readable strings, and it is desirable to be able to indicate the natural language associated with attribute values.This document describes how language tags and ranges [RFC3066] are carried in LDAP and are to be interpreted by LDAP implementations.All LDAP implementations MUST be prepared to accept language tags and ranges.
Myeloid Expression of Cytochrome P450 4F3 Is Determined by a Lineage-specific Alternative Promoter (2003)

The cytochrome P450 4F3 (CYP4F3) gene encodes two functionally distinct enzymes that differ only by the selection of exon 4 (CYP4F3A) or exon 3 (CYP4F3B). CYP4F3A inactivates leukotriene B4, a reaction that has significance for controlling inflammation. CYP4F3B converts arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a potent activator of protein kinase C. We have previously shown that mRNAs coding for CYP4F3A and CYP4F3B are generated from distinct transcription start sites in neutrophils and liver. We therefore investigated mechanisms that regulate the cell-specific expression of these two isoforms. Initially, we analyzed the distribution of CYP4F3 in human leukocytes and determined a lineage-specific pattern of isoform expression. CYP4F3A is expressed in myeloid cells and is coordinate with myeloid differentiation markers such as CD11b and myeloperoxidase during development in the bone marrow. In contrast, CYP4F3B expression is restricted to a small population of CD3+ T lymphocytes. We identified distinct transcriptional features in myeloid, lymphoid, and hepatic cells that indicate the presence of multiple promoters in the CYP4F3 gene. The hepatic promoter depends on a cluster of hepatocyte nuclear factor sites 123-155 bp upstream of the initiator ATG codon. The myeloid promoter spans 400 bp in a region 468-872 bp upstream of the ATG codon; it is associated with clusters of CACCT sites and can be activated by ZEB-2, a factor primarily characterized as a transcriptional repressor in cells that include lymphocytes. ZEB-2 interacts with C-terminal binding protein and Smads, and this would provide opportunities for integrating environmental signals in myelopoiesis and inflammation.
Reaction of Dialkyltin Methoxide with Carbon Dioxide Relevant to the Mechanism of Catalytic Carbonate Synthesis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTReaction of Dialkyltin Methoxide with Carbon Dioxide Relevant to the Mechanism of Catalytic Carbonate SynthesisJun-Chul Choi, Toshiyasu Sakakura, and Takeshi SakoView Author Information National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 15, 3793–3794Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1999Publication History Received8 January 1999Published online2 April 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9900499https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9900499rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1552Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbonyls,Chemical structure,Crystal structure,Inorganic carbon compounds,X-rays Get e-Alerts
A Study of Thermistor Performance within a Textile Structure (2017)

Textiles provide an ideal structure for embedding sensors for medical devices. Skin temperature measurement is one area in which a sensor textile could be particularly beneficial; pathological skin is normally very sensitive, making the comfort of anything placed on that skin paramount. Skin temperature is an important parameter to measure for a number of medical applications, including for the early detection of diabetic foot ulcer formation. To this end an electronic temperature-sensor yarn was developed by embedding a commercially available thermistor chip into the fibres of a yarn, which can be used to produce a textile or a garment. As part of this process a resin was used to encapsulate the thermistor. This protects the thermistor from mechanical and chemical stresses, and also allows the sensing yarn to be washed. Building off preliminary work, the behaviour and performance of an encapsulated thermistor has been characterised to determine the effect of encapsulation on the step response time and absolute temperature measurements. Over the temperature range of interest only a minimal effect was observed, with step response times varying between 0.01-0.35 s. A general solution is presented for the heat transfer coefficient compared to size of the micro-pod formed by the encapsulation of the thermistor. Finally, a prototype temperature-sensing sock was produced using a network of sensing yarns as a demonstrator of a system that could warn of impending ulcer formation in diabetic patients.
Gold-Catalyzed Sequential Alkyne Activation for the Synthesis of 4,6-Disubstituted Phosphorus 2-Pyrones (2012)

Tandem gold-catalyzed addition of alkynyl phosphonic acid monoethyl esters to terminal alkynes and cyclization were developed for the synthesis of 4,6-disubstituted phosphorus 2-pyrones in one reaction vessel based on the concept of sequential alkyne activation. Alkynyl enol phosphonates were selectively obtained through the gold-catalyzed addition reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylamine. Also, gold-catalyzed cyclization of alkynyl enol phosphonates was successful in giving a variety of 4,6-disubstituted phosphorus 2-pyrones.
Vitamin D Metabolism in Hypoparathyroidism (1980)

Only moderately reduced serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] levels were found in 13 hypoparathyroid patients and in 1 pseudohypoparathyroid patient, indicating that factors other than parathyroid hormone are able to mediate the basal production of 1,25(OH)2D3. A significant correlation was found between the levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25(OH)2D, suggesting that a high concentration of 25OHD was able to increase the renal production of 1,25(OH)2D, whereas hypocalcemia and changes in serum phosphate became less important in the present situation. The serum 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were followed during the change of treatment from ergocalciferol to 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3). A biological half-life of 3 weeks could be estimated for the plasma 25OHD. The increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D correlated with the dose of 1 alpha-OHD3 given, whereas no correlation was found between the serum calcium level and the 1,25(OH)2D concentration. Unexpected increases and decreases in serum calcium were observed at the same dose of 1 alpha-OHD3 in the same patient and at serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations within the physiological range.
Testing Security Properties of Protocol Implementations - a Machine Learning Based Approach (2007)

Security and reliability of network protocol implementations are essential for communication services. Most of the approaches for verifying security and reliability, such as formal validation and black-box testing, are limited to checking the specification or conformance of implementation. However, in practice, a protocol implementation may contain engineering details, which are not included in the system specification but may result in security flaws. We propose a new learning-based approach to systematically and automatically test protocol implementation security properties. Protocols are specified using symbolic parameterized extended finite state machine (SP-EFSM) model, and an important security property - message confidentiality under the general Dolev-Yao attacker model - is investigated. The new testing approach applies black-box checking theory and a supervised learning algorithm to explore the structure of an implementation under test while simulating the teacher with a conformance test generation scheme. We present the testing procedure, analyze its complexity, and report experimental results.
Darker than Black: Radiation-absorbing Metamaterial (2010)

Taking advantage of the broadband “super-singularity” in the density of states of hyperbolic metamaterials, we develop a new approach to radiation-absorbing systems and present an experimental realization of this concept.
A quickstart in frequent structure mining can make a difference (2004)

Given a database, structure mining algorithms search for substructures that satisfy constraints such as minimum frequency, minimum confidence, minimum interest and maximum frequency. Examples of substructures include graphs, trees and paths. For these substructures many mining algorithms have been proposed. In order to make graph mining more efficient, we investigate the use of the "quickstart principle", which is based on the fact that these classes of structures are contained in each other, thus allowing for the development of structure mining algorithms that split the search into steps of increasing complexity. We introduce the GrAph/Sequence/Tree extractiON (Gaston) algorithm that implements this idea by searching first for frequent paths, then frequent free trees and finally cyclic graphs. We investigate two alternatives for computing the frequency of structures and present experimental results to relate these alternatives.
Synthesis of (<sup>2</sup>H<sub>5</sub>) indole‐3‐pyruvic acid (1983)

Abstract A method for the synthesis of deuterium‐labelled tryptophan and its enzymatic conversion to indole‐3‐pyruvic acid (( 2 H 5 )IPYA) using amino acid oxidase is described. ( 2 H 5 )IPYA can be used as an internal standard for the quantitation of IPYA by mass spectrometry in plant extracts and for estimating the breakdown of IPYA to indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) during sample extraction and purification. When used in conjunction with ( 2 H 2 ) IAA, ( 2 H 5 ) IPYA should allow more accurate quantitation of IAA in plant extracts.
Chelating Agent for Uniform Filter Cake Removal in Horizontal and Multilateral Wells: Laboratory Analysis and Formation Damage Diagnosis (2015)

Abstract An impermeable mud cake layer, created on the formation face while drilling may be favorable for drilling operations but detrimental to well productivity. In vertical high pressure wells the layer is cleaned out while flowing back the well at adequate pressure drawdown. On the other hand, low pressure differential at the sand face in horizontal wells makes well cleanup treatments a necessity. Not all filter cake components are acid soluble. Commonly used inorganic acids and oxidizers are very reactive and cause uneven filter cake removal, which can affect the well's performance. As a result, there was a need to evaluate slow-reacting chemicals that can produce delayed uniform filter cake removal in horizontal wells. These treatment chemicals vary from the nonreactive acid-free microemulsion fluid systems to the weak organic acids, acid precursors, enzymes and chelating agents. The objective of this paper is to evaluate two chelating agent based treatments, NTA and EDTA, as filter cake removal treatments for a sandstone reservoir utilizing oil based mud (OBM) drill-in fluid (DIF) in Saudi Arabia. Coreflooding experiments were run under reservoir conditions to evaluate fluid-rock interaction. In addition, fluid-fluid compatibility was conducted between chelating agent and drill-in fluids base brines and between the chelating agent and formation fluid using high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) see-through cell. Solubility and static fluid-loss tests were conducted to evaluate the filter cake removal efficiency. Experimental results indicated that the NTA-based treatment was effective in removing up to 91% of the filter cake uniformly after soaking treatment for 24 hours. Fluid-fluid compatibility tests showed that the NTA-based chelating agent, when mixed with reservoir fluids, was free from precipitation or emulsion. On the contrary, mixing the chelating agent with the DIF carrier brine resulted in severe precipitation of insoluble permanently damaging byproducts. The laboratory study also observed that pH has a direct proportional relationship with the amount of precipitation. EDTA-based treatment results showed a removal efficiency of 93% after soaking treatment for 90 hours. Fluid-fluid compatibility tests showed that the EDTA-based treatment, when mixed with OBM DIF was free from precipitation or emulsion. On the contrary, mixing the chelating agent with the reservoir formation water resulted in severe precipitation of insoluble permanently damaging byproducts.
Impralit ™ KDS and KDS-B (2009)

Impralit ™ KDS and KDS-B are copper-based waterborne heavy duty preservatives using polymeric betaine as a co-biocide. These systems were developed in Europe in the 1980's as chromium-free preservatives. Performance of KDS and polymeric betaine is summarized briefly. Focus is given to the chemistry of polymeric betaine and its impact on the properties of the preservative formulations and the treated wood.
Comparison of MOSFET logic circuits (1973)

Linear load, depletion-mode load, four-phase dynamic, and complementary MOSFET logic circuits are compared on the basis of power, delay, and density for two specific master slice layouts. The circuits were designed in a common technology base, and normalized power and delay characteristics were calculated by simulation. Chips of 1280 circuits were designed in images having one and two layers of metal, and power versus delay curves were calculated. The effect of an insulating substrate was also considered.
NOFDM System Based on Circular Conjugate Symmetry Properties of DFT (2008)

Based on circular conjugate symmetry properties (CCSP) of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), a novel approach to nonorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (NOFDM) is presented. Different from other NOFDM systems, a simple estimation algorithm is exploited in the receiver instead of maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) while the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed system is similar to those of other NOFDM systems in terms of the same bandwidth efficiency. We describe the proposed system model and derive the estimation algorithm. Simulation results show that the presented NOFDM system has both higher bandwidth efficiency and better BER performance than standard orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) when the derived estimation algorithm is adopted.