gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monomode Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (1986)

In this paper we describe an in-line single-mode fiber optic wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer designed to operate at 1.32 um and 1.55 um. This device was fabricated using evanescent wave coupler technology and consequently exhibits an insertion loss on the order of 0.05 db and a high degree of stability with regard to changes in temperature and input polarization. As a demultiplexer, the device provides wavelength isolation of 16 db at 1.32 um and 18 db at 1.55 um, both of which can be increased to greater than 40 db with the addition of simple edge filters.
Use of random process-based fractal measure for characterization nodules and suspicious regions in lung (2008)

Chest X-ray (CXR) data is a projection image where each pixel of it represents a volumetric integration. Consequently identification of nodules and their characteristics is a difficult task in such images. Using a novel application of random process-based fractal image processing technique we extract features for nodule characterization. The uniqueness of the proposed technique lies in the fact that instead of relying on <i>apriori</i> information from user as in other random process inspired measures, we translate the random walk process into a feature which is based on its realization values. The Normalized Fractional Brownian Motion (NFBM) Model is derived from the random walk process. Using neighborhood region information in an incremental manner we can characterize the smoothness or roughness of a surface. The NFBM system gives a measure of roughness of a surface which in our case is a suspicious region (probable nodule). A classification procedure uses this measure to categorize nodule and non-nodule structures in the lung. The NFBM feature set is integrated in a prototype CAD system for nodule detection in CXR. Our algorithm provided a sensitivity of 75.9% with 3.1 FP/image on an independent test set of 50 CXR studies.
Comparative Evaluation of the New Gen-Probe <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Amplified Direct Test and the Semiautomated Abbott LCx <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Assay for Direct Detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Complex in Respiratory and Extrapulmonary Specimens (1998)

Two commercial assays that detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) in clinical specimens by rRNA target amplification (AMTDII) and ligase chain reaction (LCx) were evaluated. The tests were applied to 457 respiratory (n = 273) and extrapulmonary (n = 184) specimens collected from 357 patients. The results were compared with those of acid-fast staining and culture. The combination of culture and clinical diagnosis was considered to be the "gold standard." Seventy specimens were from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 28 specimens were from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. After resolution of discrepant results, the overall sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values for respiratory specimens were 92.8, 99.4, 98.5, and 97%, respectively, for AMTDII and 75.7, 98.8, 96.4, and 90.5%, respectively, for LCx. With extrapulmonary specimens, the overall sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were 78.6, 99.3, 95.6, and 96.2%, respectively, for AMTDII and 53.6, 99.3, 93.7, and 92.1%, respectively, for LCx. The level of agreement between AMTDII and LCx assay results was 78.2%. We conclude that although both nucleic acid amplification methods are rapid and specific for the detection of MTB in clinical specimens, AMTDII is significantly more sensitive than LCx with both respiratory (P = 0.005) and extrapulmonary (P = 0.048) specimens.
Effects on scan blindness of full and partial crosswalls between notch antenna array unit cells (2002)

Endfire slotline notch antennas are attractive candidates for use as printed antenna array elements due to their broad bandwidth capabilities. These elements can be difficult to array because scan blindnesses may occur unexpectedly. One class of these blindnesses, an E-plane scan blindness, was explored by Schaubert and Aas (see IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Symp. Dig., p.1612-1615, 1993). The referenced article gives graphs for the predicted blindness angle. A trough is formed by the metallized dielectrics and the ground plane. One possible explanation of this phenomenon is that the interelement phasing required to steer the beam to the blind angle excites a surface wave, which propagates down the trough. All of the power, instead of radiating into space, is guided across the array face, causing the blindness. This paper presents simulated results of the effects of blockading the trough with an electrically conducting cross wall (a wall perpendicular to both the metallized dielectric and the array face, as shown) or using portions thereof. The full cross wall is shown to eliminate the blindness. Interesting results which arise when partial walls are placed between unit cells are also presented. One set of results suggests a new modification to the notch array one in which the active element pattern provides far out sidelobe suppression.
Development of microfluidic cell nucleus separator employing rapid chemical treatment (2010)

Separation/purification of nuclei from cells is a critical process required for medical and biochemical research applications. Here we report a microfluidic device to isolate cell nucleus by utilizing the concept of hydrodynamic filtration to chemically treat cells. When a cell suspension is continuously introduced into a microchannel (main channel) having multiple side channels, cells flow through the main channel while the carrier-medium of cells is drained through the branch channels. Introduction of a surfactant solution and a washing buffer enables the exchange of the carrier-medium twice, and cells were treated by the surfactant solution for a short span of time. By controlling the treatment (retention) time, cell membranes could be selectively digested while cell nuclei are maintained, which are further separated from cytoplasmic components according to size. We examined several types of surfactant molecules, and demonstrated that Triton X-100 showed the best separation efficiencies when JM cells were treated for 0.7-4.0 sec. In addition, the isolation efficiency of cell nucleus was evaluated by western-blotting. The presented cell-nucleus separator would become a useful means for various biological applications, because of its simplicity in operation, reproducibility, and high efficiency.
Recovering UTC (USNO,MC) with Increased Accuracy Using a Fixed, L1-CA Code, GPS Receiver (2000)

The accuracy with which a L1, single-frequency, GPS receiver can recover the time-scale UTC (USNO,MC) is well known to depend on many factors, including the accuracy of the signal in space, propagation path effects, the qualify of the GPS/UTC (USNO,MC) correction, and the behavior of the receiver itself. Overall performance is now affected by a number of short- and medium-term noise sources that have hitherto been obscured by the intentional clock dither known as Selective Availability (SA). We report the development of a technique for periodically estimating the local ionospheric delay from observations of the code and carrier-phase GPS observables made with a multi-channel, L1, receiver module. An algorithm has been developed that uses information from several satellites to model the delay in real time. It is then possible to correct the raw time estimate from each satellite, improving the overall accuracy of the receiver's real-time estimate of GPS time or UTC(USNO,MC). With this technique it should be possible to approach the time accuracy obtained using a Precise Positioning Service (PPS) receiver. We have used a cesium standard ensemble related to UTC (USNO,MC) by common-view to measure the noise level obtained by applying the estimated corrections, and to compare this with the accuracy of the built-in single-frequency model.
Radiosynthesis of 6‐([<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroacetamido)‐1‐hexanoicanilide ([<sup>18</sup>F]FAHA) for PET imaging of histone deacetylase (HDAC) (2006)

Abstract Radiosynthesis of a novel substrate for histone deacetylase (HDAC), 6‐([ 18 F]fluoroacetamido)‐1‐hexanoicanilide ([ 18 F]FAHA, [ 18 F]‐ 3 ) is reported. For precursor synthesis, compound 1 (6‐amino‐1‐hexanoicanilide) was prepared by the reaction of 6‐amino hexanoic acid with thionyl chloride in dichloroethane followed by addition of aniline. Compound 1 was reacted with bromoacetic anhydride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of triethylamine to produce the precursor compound 6‐(bromoacetamido)‐1‐hexanoicanilide 2 . Fluorination reactions were performed using tetrabutylammonium fluoride in various solvents at 80°C to prepare the unlabeled reference compound 3 . Radiofluorinations were performed using either n ‐Bu 4 N 18 F or K 18 F/kryptofix, and the crude product was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The radiochemical yields were 9–13% decay corrected (d.c.) with an average of 11% using K 18 F/kryptofix, and specific activity >2 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. The synthesis time was 67–75 min from the end of bombardment (EOB). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell surface display of functional human MHC class II proteins: yeast display versus insect cell display (2011)

Reliable and robust systems for engineering functional major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) proteins have proved elusive. Availability of such systems would enable the engineering of peptide-MHCII (pMHCII) complexes for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this paper, we have developed a system based on insect cell surface display that allows functional expression of heterodimeric DR2 molecules with or without a covalently bound human myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide, which is amenable to directed evolution of DR2-MBP variants with improved T cell receptor (TCR)-binding affinity. This study represents the first example of functional display of human pMHCII complexes on insect cell surface. In the process of developing this pMHCII engineering system, we have also explored the potential of using yeast surface display for the same application. Our data suggest that yeast display is a useful system for analysis and engineering of peptide binding of MHCII proteins, but not suitable for directed evolution of pMHC complexes that bind with low affinity to self-reactive TCRs.
Social desirability bias and self-reports of motivation (2012)

In this study we extend research on online collaboration by examining motivation to do work on the crowdsoucing service Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We address a challenge to many existing studies of motivation in online contexts: they are based on survey self-reports, which are susceptible to effects such as social desirability bias. In addition we investigate a second challenge to the extant research on motivation in the context of MTurk: a failure to examine potential differences between MTurk workers (Turkers) from different parts of the world, especially those from the US and India, MTurk's two largest worker groups. Using a survey technique called the list experiment, we observe distinct profiles of motivation and patterns of social desirability effects among Turkers in the US and India. Among US Turkers, we find that social desirability encourages over-reporting of each of four motivating factors we examined. The over-reporting was particularly large in the case of money as a motivator. In contrast, among Turkers in India we find a more complex pattern of social desirability effects, with workers under-reporting "killing time" and "fun" as motivations, and drastically over-reporting "sense of purpose." We conclude by discussing these results and proposing implications for future research and design.
Induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by combined inhibition of kinases and histone deacetylase. (2007)

The MAP kinase pathway inhibitor U0126 in combination with butyrate promotes differentiation in some colon cancer cell lines. We examined several inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in combination with U0126 and other protein kinase inhibitors to see if these effects are general properties of HDAC inhibitors or butyrate alone. Alkaline phosphatase and peptidase activities were examined as markers for cellular differentiation in the human colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT29 and the minimally transformed NCM460. Several HDAC inhibitors caused greater increases of alkaline phosphatase in the cancer cells than in NCM460, in which butyrate was the only HDAC inhibitor that caused a consistent increase. Unlike the JNK and PKC inhibitors examined, the MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 induced alkaline phosphatase activity in Caco-2 as a single agent and caused additive effects with HDAC inhibitors. The PI-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 had little effect alone but enhanced the response of most HDAC inhibitors as did the raf inhibitor GW5074. In addition to butyrate, several HDAC inhibitors can induce differentiation in colon cancer cells and the responses may be enhanced by U0126, GW5074 and LY294002.
Detection of changes in near-membrane Ca2+ concentration using a novel membrane-associated Ca2+ indicator (1994)

A Ca2+ indicator has been synthesized and characterized which can be used to monitor rapid changes in the free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) immediately adjacent to cell membranes. This indicator, referred to as C18-Fura-2, consists of a Fura-2 molecule conjugated to a lipophilic alkyl chain which will insert into cell membranes. When associated with cell membranes in low concentrations, C18-Fura-2 exhibits an excitation spectrum with a large Stokes shift and a single isobestic point, thus [Ca2+] can be calculated ratiometrically. The apparent Ca2+ dissociation constant of cell-associated C18-Fura-2 is around 150 nM. C18-Fura-2 orients in the cell membrane so that the fluorophore is facing the side to which it was applied. C18-Fura-2 was used to record rapid changes in intracellular [Ca2+] which occurred in response to membrane depolarization in isolated smooth muscle cells. The initial rise of the [Ca2+] transient reported by C18-Fura-2 was four to six times faster than the rise of the [Ca2+] transient reported by cytosolic Fura-2. This result suggests that C18-Fura-2 was located at the plasma membrane near sites of Ca2+ influx and indicates that membrane-associated Ca2+ indicators can be used to detect rapid, localized changes in [Ca2+] which are obscured in signals recorded using water-soluble, bulk cytosolic fluorescent Ca2+ indicators.
EVALUATING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TALL FESCUE VARIETIES FOR AIRFIELDS (2007)

Wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) cause serious safety hazards to aircraft and their occupants. Wildlife strikes cost civil aviation approximately $550 million annually in the United States (Cleary et al. [1]). Gulls (Larus spp.), waterfowl such as Canada geese (Branta canadensis), raptors (hawks and owls), and blackbirds (Icterinae)/starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are
Copolyesters. IV. Copolyesters of polycaprolactone and poly(butylene terephthalate) (1990)

Abstract The copolyesters of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polycaprolactone were prepared by melt polycondensation. The charged form of the caprolactone unit was either caprolactone or polycaprolactonediol. The chemical structure of the copolyesters was investigated by proton NMR. It was found that the content of the caprolactone unit in copolyesters was lower than the charged value. The copolyesters prepared from both caprolactone and polycaprolactonediol were found to be random copolymers. T m , T g , and crystallinity of the copolyesters decreased as the content of caprolactone unit increased due to the copolymerization effect. The tensile strength, modulus, and hardness decreased as the content of caprolactone unit increased, which was consistent with the trend of crystallinity.
Enhanced comedo formation in rabbit ear skin by squalene and oleic acid peroxides (1983)

The comedogenicity of UVA-irradiated and non-irradiated substances (squalene, oleic acid, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, squalane and liquid paraffin) was evaluated by surface microscopy and histological examination after treating the ventral skin of rabbit ears with these substances. The lipid peroxide levels of these substances were also measured. Squalene itself was scarcely comedogenic but squalene peroxides were highly comedogenic. Both oleic acid and its peroxides were able to induce fairly large comedones and there was a good correlation between the lipid peroxide levels and the size of the comedones. The specimens biopsied from these comedones showed marked hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epithelium in the follicular infundibulum and marked proliferation of the sebaceous glands. Although free fatty acids might play a role in the pathogenesis of acne, it is proposed that squalene and free fatty acids in sebum may be less comedogenic than their peroxides.
Novel low-swing bus-drivers and charge-recycle architectures (2002)

In this paper novel single-rail low-swing bus-drivers based on schmitt-triggers as voltage level sensors are presented. Two novel 4-transistor schmitt-triggers with non-symmetrical trigger-voltage levels are also proposed. The power dissipation for the single rail low-swing bus-driver is reduced by 48 percent compared to a full-swing driver. Finally, two novel semi-adiabatic charge-recycle circuits are proposed. The power savings for these circuits are 45 and 65 percent, respectively. A data rate of 200 Mbit/s per driver has been reached in a double metal 0.8 /spl mu/m process.
Optimal landing of a helicopter in autorotation (1988)

Gliding descent in autorotation is a maneuver used by helicopter pilots in case of engine failure. The landing of a helicopter in autorotation is formulated as a nonlinear optimal control problem. The OH-58A helicopter was used. Helicopter vertical and horizontal velocities, vertical and horizontal displacement, and the rotor angle speed were modeled. An empirical approximation for the induced veloctiy in the vortex-ring state were provided. The cost function of the optimal control problem is a weighted sum of the squared horizontal and vertical components of the helicopter velocity at touchdown. Optimal trajectories are calculated for entry conditions well within the horizontal-vertical restriction curve, with the helicopter initially in hover or forwared flight. The resultant two-point boundary value problem with path equality constraints was successfully solved using the Sequential Gradient Restoration Technique.
Genome Sequence of the Polyhydroxybutyrate Producer Pseudomonas extremaustralis, a Highly Stress-Resistant Antarctic Bacterium (2012)

Pseudomonas extremaustralis 14-3b presents genes involved in the synthesis of different polyhydroxyalkanoates, in tolerance and degradation of pollutants, and in microaerobic metabolism. Several genomic islands were detected. Genetic machinery could contribute to the adaptability to stressful conditions. This is the first genome sequence reported from a Pseudomonas isolated from cold environments.
The PAX3-FKHR Fusion Protein Created by the t(2;13) Translocation in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcomas Is A More Potent Transcriptional Activator than PAX3 (1995)

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas are pediatric solid tumors with a hallmark cytogenetic abnormality: translocation of chromosomes 2 and 13 [t(2;13) (q35;q14)]. The genes on each chromosome involved in this translocation have been identified as the transcription factor-encoding genes PAX3 and FKHR. The NH2-terminal paired box and homeodomain DNA-binding domains of PAX3 are fused in frame to COOH-terminal regions of the chromosome 13-derived FKHR gene, a novel member of the forkhead DNA-binding domain family. To determine the role of the fusion protein in transcriptional regulation and oncogenesis, we identified the PAX3-FKHR fusion protein and characterized its function(s) as a transcription factor relative to wild-type PAX3. Antisera specific to PAX3 and FKHR were developed and used to examine PAX3 and PAX3-FKHR expression in tumor cell lines. Sequential immunoprecipitations with anti-PAX3 and anti-FKHR sera demonstrated expression of a 97-kDa PAX3-FKHR fusion protein in the t(2;13)-positive rhabdomyosarcoma Rh30 cell line and verified that a single polypeptide contains epitopes derived from each protein. The PAX3-FKHR protein was localized to the nucleus in Rh30 cells, as was wild-type PAX3, in t(2;13)-negative A673 cells. In gel shift assays using a canonical PAX binding site (e5 sequence), we found that DNA binding of PAX3-FKHR was significantly impaired relative to that of PAX3 despite the two proteins having identical PAX DNA-binding domains. However, the PAX3-FKHR fusion protein was a much more potent transcriptional activator than PAX3 as determined by transient cotransfection assays using e5-CAT reporter plasmids. The PAX3-FKHR protein may function as an oncogenic transcription factor by enhanced activation of normal PAX3 target genes.
The cloning of Grb10 reveals a new family of SH2 domain proteins. (1995)

SH2 domains function to bind proteins containing phosphotyrosine and are components of proteins that are important signal transducers for tyrosine kinases. We have cloned SH2 domain proteins by screening bacterial expression libraries with the tyrosine phosphorylated carboxyterminus of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Here we report the identification of a new SH2 domain protein, Grb10. Grb10 is highly related to Grb7, an SH2 domain protein that we have previously identified. In addition to an SH2 domain, Grb7 and Grb10 have a central domain with similarity to a putative C. elegans gene likely to be involved in neuronal migration. At least three forms of Grb10 exist in fibroblasts apparently due to alternate translational start sites. Grb10 undergoes serine but not tyrosine phosphorylation after EGF treatment resulting in a shift mobility in a large fraction of Grb10 molecules. However Grb10 appears to bind poorly to EGF-Receptor and the true binding partner for the Grb10 SH2 domain is unclear. Grb10 maps to mouse chromosome 11 very close to the EGF-Receptor which is remarkably similar to Grb7 that maps near the EGF-Receptor related HER2 receptor. The finding of multiple family members with evolutionarily conserved domains indicates that these SH2 domain proteins are likely to have an important, although as of yet, unidentified function.
Epoxidation of alkenes by dioxirane intermediates generated in the reaction of potassium caroate with ketones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpoxidation of alkenes by dioxirane intermediates generated in the reaction of potassium caroate with ketonesRuggero Curci, Michele Fiorentino, Luigino Troisi, John O. Edwards, and Ruth H. PaterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 23, 4758–4760Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01311a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01311a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2948Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts