gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of noise reduction techniques for automatic speech recognition systems (2016)

Automatic Speech Recognition systems are greatly influenced by noise. Noise generated in environment or channel tends to degrade the performance of speech recognition systems. Such unwanted noise signals may alter the main characteristic features of voice signals and corrupt the quality of speech signal and information contained in it. This causes a significant harm to human-computer interactive systems. Noise processing of these signals for speech recognition systems is generally articulated as a digital filtering process in which noisy speech is passed through linear filter to obtain the clean speech estimation. This paper focuses on noise estimation, removal and speech enhancement techniques. In this paper, initial findings support Gamma tone filters instead of conventional Weiner filters and Line Enhancers. Spectral subtraction also showed promising results.
Discovery of Potent Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase by Combinatorial Library Design and Structure-Based Virtual Screening (2011)

Structure-based virtual screening was applied to design combinatorial libraries to discover novel and potent soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors. X-ray crystal structures revealed unique interactions for a benzoxazole template in addition to the conserved hydrogen bonds with the catalytic machinery of sEH. By exploitation of the favorable binding elements, two iterations of library design based on amide coupling were employed, guided principally by the docking results of the enumerated virtual products. Biological screening of the libraries demonstrated as high as 90% hit rate, of which over two dozen compounds were single digit nanomolar sEH inhibitors by IC(50) determination. In total the library design and synthesis produced more than 300 submicromolar sEH inhibitors. In cellular systems consistent activities were demonstrated with biochemical measurements. The SAR understanding of the benzoxazole template provides valuable insights into discovery of novel sEH inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
Secure and reliable VM-vTPM migration in private cloud (2013)

Cloud computing, which has emerged as one of the most influential paradigms in the IT industry in recent years, is powered by the concept of virtualization technology. For achieving energy efficiency, load balancing and high availability of physical server in Cloud Data Center, the virtual machines should be migrated from one physical server to another. During the migration process, some steps should be taken to protect user's data and privacy. The extension of trusted computing to virtual systems using vTPMs can make the virtual machine more secure and reliable. So vTPM should be migrated to destination platform together with its corresponding virtual machine. However, most of the present researches just focus on the migration of VM without considering the vTPM migration. Moreover, the current migration protocols are not secure enough. In this paper, we focus on the secure implementation of virtual machine migration from one platform to another platform in private cloud model. We propose a thorough and secure VM-vTPM migration scheme. In this scheme we first propose a vTPM key structure to make non-migratable vTPM keys to be migratable. Then we leverage on this structure to construct a secure VM-vTPM migration protocol which includes three phases. The first phase is a dual authentication between source platform and destination platform, the second phase is the migration of vTPM, and the third phase is the migration of VM. Finally, we analyze the security of our protocol to make sure our proposed protocol can realize all the security goals such as confidentiality and integrity, authentication of source and destination platform, preserving the association between VM and vTPM, and atomicity of the transfer.
Non-invasive measurement of blood sugar level by millimeter waves (2002)

Measurement of blood sugar level by noninvasive method is highly desirable. Nevertheless, a practical non-invasive technique has not been reported. In this paper, to measure blood sugar level using millimeter wave noninvasively, complex permittivity of glucose and sodium chloride solution is measured and the change of transmission coefficient in millimeter wave region is obtained. An applicator system to measure blood sugar level in vivo is designed and optimized by simulation using transmission line modeling (TLM) method.
Large-Scale Clinical Systems. Impact of Large-Scale Systems on Clinical Practice: Evaluation of an Intervention Aimed at Modifying Physician Test-Ordering Behavior (1990)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of structured order forms with a computerized medical information system to reduce the ordering of unnecessary outpatient tests. The study was implemented among house staff in the Family Practice Center and the Adult Ambulatory Care Center at Methodist Hospital of Indiana, a 1120 bed, private teaching hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana. Structured order forms were developed by the house staff containing explicit criteria for ordering the following common tests: (1) urinalysis, (2) complete blood count and (3) Chemistry 23. The forms required physicians to indicate a reason for ordering each of these tests. Data were collected during a nine month baseline period and a two month intervention period. The results of a multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the reductions in the rate of CBC orders in both centers were not only significant but also resulted in cost savings of approximately $4,000 for the two month period.
Monodisperse Chitosan Nanoparticles for Mucosal Drug Delivery (2004)

Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) of a controlled size (below 100 nm) and narrow size distribution were obtained through the process of ionic gelation between CS and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). A high degree of CS deacetylation and narrow polymer molecular weight distribution were demonstrated to be critical for the controlling particle size distribution. Properties of the CS NPs were examined at different temperatures, values of pH, and ratios of CS to TPP. The model protein, bovine serum albumin, was encapsulated into the NPs, and the in vitro release profiles were examined in physiologically relevant media at 37 degrees C.
Drug delivery systems for antihypertensive agents. (1997)

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, much research effort in the pharmaceutical industry was focused on the development of novel systems for sustained delivery of effective, but intrinsically short-acting, antihypertensive agents. This advance was motivated by a desire both to improve trough/peak ratios (as suggested by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) and also to protect the proprietary patient life for older agents that would otherwise be susceptible to generic substitution. Additional benefits of such sustained-release systems include: improved side-effect profiles, shorter time from development to regulatory approval (because of the already established safety record of the immediate-release compound), improved compliance with medication, and reduced administrative cost. The latter two are presumably related to the fact that patients generally have to use fewer doses of sustained-release than immediate-release preparations. Disadvantages include: generally higher per-dose cost (which includes a licensing fee for the patented delivery system), altered efficacy and potential problems in patients with abnormal absorptive surfaces (gut or skin), and altgered first-pass metabolism rates (compared with immediate-release preparations). Some of the novel drug delivery systems that have already received FDA approval include: alginate matrix, Geomatrix, several formulations of pellet-based systems, several transdermal systems, and the Gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS), which releases the pharmacologically active agent at a predictable rate. A novel variant of this last system has been developed, based on the idea that the peak serum concentration of antihypertensive medication will occur just before or at the time of the greatest change in blood pressure (ie, the few hours around awakening). Data are now being gathered to convince authorities that this theoretically advantageous delivery system will be as effective in reducing rates of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, or myocardial infarction as diuretics or beta blockers.
High-Speed Heterogeneous InP-on-Si Capacitive Phase Modulators (2018)

We present O-band InP-on-Si phase modulators with 0.5dB IL, 1V·cm V π L and >25GHz bandwidth for 250μm long sections. 25 Gbps operation without optical amplifiers or pre-emphasis is demonstrated with an MZM integrating such phase modulators.
Decoupling and feedback linearization of robots with mixed rigid/elastic joints (2002)

We consider the theoretical aspects of the control problem for robots with rigid links which consist of some rigid joints and some non-negligible elastic joints. We start from the reduced model of robots with all elastic joints introduced by Spong, which is linearizable by static feedback (as for the rigid robot model). For the mixed rigid/elastic joints, we give the structural necessary and sufficient conditions for input-output decoupling and full state linearization via static state feedback. These turn out to be very restrictive. However, when a robot fails to satisfy these conditions, we show that a dynamic state feedback always guarantees the same result. This implies that, for the mixed rigid/elastic joint case, the role of dynamic feedback is essential. The explicit forms of the needed nonlinear controllers are provided in terms of the dynamic model elements.
Analysis of the desialidation process of the haemagglutinin protein of influenza B virus: the host-dependent desialidation step (2002)

It was reported previously that haemadsorption by the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza B virus required that the protein must undergo desialidation. When MDCK and COS cells were infected with influenza B/Kanagawa/73 virus in the presence of a neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, Zanamivir, haemadsorption on MDCK cells was inhibited but that on COS cells was not. The activity of the NA protein of the two types of infected cells was similar and both were inhibited by Zanamivir in a dose-dependent manner. A comparison of the desialidation of the HA protein was made on MDCK and COS cells in the presence of bacterial NA and both cells were found to have similar sensitivity. On the accumulation of the HA and NA proteins in the trans-Golgi network of MDCK cells by means of low-temperature treatment, desialidation of the HA protein in the presence of Zanamivir was detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Because this agent was reported to be unable to penetrate cells, these data suggest that, in MDCK cells, desialidation of the HA protein occurs on the cell surface but, in COS cells, the HA and NA proteins might accumulate in the trans-Golgi network, thus allowing NA desialidation before their migration to the cell surface.
<i>In vivo</i> imaging and genetic analysis link bacterial motility and symbiosis in the zebrafish gut (2007)

Complex microbial communities reside within the intestines of humans and other vertebrates. Remarkably little is known about how these microbial consortia are established in various locations within the gut, how members of these consortia behave within their dynamic ecosystems, or what microbial factors mediate mutually beneficial host-microbial interactions. Using a gnotobiotic zebrafish-Pseudomonas aeruginosa model, we show that the transparency of this vertebrate species, coupled with methods for raising these animals under germ-free conditions can be used to monitor microbial movement and localization within the intestine in vivo and in real time. Germ-free zebrafish colonized with isogenic P. aeruginosa strains containing deletions of genes related to motility and pathogenesis revealed that loss of flagellar function results in attenuation of evolutionarily conserved host innate immune responses but not conserved nutrient responses. These results demonstrate the utility of gnotobiotic zebrafish in defining the behavior and localization of bacteria within the living vertebrate gut, identifying bacterial genes that affect these processes, and assessing the impact of these genes on host-microbial interactions.
Adaptive Optimization of Packet Filtering Devices Performance Ensuring a Conflict-free Network Configuration (2008)

Security rules management in firewall and security gateway is a hard and error prone task as administrators must correctly implement and update a large amount of policies especially when rapid changing occurs due to new security needs. The challenge to address in multi-firewall and security gateway environment is to implement conflict-free policies, necessary to avoid security inconsistency, and to optimize, at the same time, performances in term of average filtering time, in order to make firewalls stronger against DoS and DDoS attacks. Additionally the approach should be real time, based on the characteristics of network traffic. There is a vast amount of literature on security policy conflict detection and resolution and on device rule set shaping to improve policy implementation performance. Our work defines an algorithm to find conflict free optimized device rule sets in real time, by relying on information gathered from traffic analysis. We show results obtained from our test environment confirming that operational costs of devices could be improved based on traffic analysis via log files of the security device. We demonstrate computational power savings up to 24% with fully conflict free device policies.
Interaction of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with aspirin and NO-releasing aspirin in the human gastric mucosa (2003)

In addition to inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-derived prostanoid biosynthesis, aspirin acetylates COX-2, enabling the conversion of arachidonic acid to 15(R)-epi lipoxin A4, or aspirin-triggered lipoxin (ATL). Selective COX-2 inhibitors block ATL formation and exacerbate mucosal injury in rats treated with aspirin. In the present study, we have examined whether inhibition of COX-2 activity in healthy volunteers taking aspirin exacerbates gastric mucosal injury and if such an effect would be prevented by NCX-4016, a NO-releasing derivative of aspirin. Thirty-two volunteers were randomized to receive 2 wk of treatment with NCX-4016 (800 mg twice a day) or aspirin (100 mg once a day) alone or in combination with 200 mg of celecoxib twice a day. Mucosal damage was assessed by endoscopy. The mean mucosal injury score was 5.8 +/- 1.8 in subjects treated with aspirin and 2.4 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.01 vs. aspirin) in subjects treated with NCX-4016. Administration of celecoxib increased the injury score in volunteers treated with aspirin (9.9 +/- 1.9) but not in subjects taking NCX-4016 (1.5 +/- 0.8). Aspirin and NCX-4016 caused a comparable suppression of serum thromboxane B2 levels and increased urinary excretion of ATL. Celecoxib inhibited endotoxin-induced prostaglandin E2 generation in whole blood by approximately 80% and abolished ATL formation. These findings suggests that (i) aspirin and NCX-4016 trigger ATL formation in humans, (ii) celecoxib inhibits ATL formation and exacerbates the mucosal injury caused by low doses of aspirin, and (iii) the NO-donating moiety of NCX-4016 protects the gastric mucosa even in the presence of suppression of COX-1 and COX-2.
Polysaccharides based hydrogels for biological applications (2003)

Abstract Polysaccharides based hydrogels show several peculiar properties which can be so reassumed: • Capability to absorb a great amount of water once immersed in biological fluids, assuming, consequently, a structure similar to extracellular matrix or biological tissue • Tissotropic property, i.e. possibility to be injected through a needle without lose of their rheological properties. These fundamental properties make them ideal materials for several biomedical applications, such as cellular scaffold, coatings for biomedical disposals, treatments for different diseases, controlled release of drugs, etc. Hyaluronane, Carboxymethyl cellulose and Alginic acid based 50% hydrogels (i.e. 50% of the carboxylate groups present in the macromolecule chain were involved in the cross‐linking reaction) are synthesised. Their effectiveness in promoting cells adhesion and proliferation was verified. Furthermore the possibility of injecting and sterilising hydrogels permitted to test the effect of Hyal 50% in the osteoarthritis therapy. It was found that the in vivo effect of Hyal 50% in the treatment of surgically created chondral defect in the rabbit knee was positive. These materials can be both chemically and morphologically modified. In fact, the insertion of sulphate groups increase their hemocompatibility as demonstred by the increase of TT (time necessary to turn the fibrinogen to thrombin). Furthermore microporous hydrogels were obtained and tested as drug controlled release systems.
Improving Tumor-Targeting Capability and Pharmacokinetics of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Labeled Cyclic RGD Dimers with PEG<sub>4</sub> Linkers (2008)

This report describes the synthesis of two cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) conjugates, HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer (HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; 2PEG(4)-dimer = E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2); and PEG(4) = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid) and HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer (3PEG(4)-dimer = PEG(4)-E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2)), and evaluation of their (99m)Tc complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer: TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate) and [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer) as novel radiotracers for imaging integrin alpha(v)beta(3) expression in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. The integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinities of RGD peptides were determined by competitive displacement of (125)I-c(RGDyK) on U87MG glioma cells. It was found that the two PEG(4) linkers between RGD motifs in HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer (IC(50) = 2.8 +/- 0.5 nM) and HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer (IC(50) = 2.4 +/- 0.7 nM) are responsible for their higher integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity than that of HYNIC-PEG(4)-dimer (PEG(4)-dimer = PEG(4)-E[c(RGDfK)](2); IC(50) = 7.5 +/- 2.3 nM). Addition of extra PEG(4) linker in HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer has little impact on integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity. (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer and (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer were prepared in high yield with >95% radiochemical purity and the specific activity of >10 Ci/mumol. Biodistribution studies clearly demonstrated that PEG(4) linkers are particularly useful for improving the tumor uptake and clearance kinetics of (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer and (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer from noncancerous organs. It was also found that there was a linear relationship between the tumor size and radiotracer tumor uptake expressed as %ID (percentage of the injected dose) in U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor models. The blocking experiment showed that the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer is integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated. In the metabolism study, (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer had high metabolic stability during its excretion from renal and hepatobiliary routes. (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer also remained intact during thee excretion from the renal route, but, had approximately 30% metabolism during the excretion from the hepatobiliary route. Planar imaging studies in U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor models showed that the tumors of approximately 5 mm in diameter could be readily visualized with excellent contrast. Thus, (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer is a very promising radiotracer for the early detection of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors, and may have the potential for noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth or treatment efficacy.
Characterization of the cDNA Encoding αIIb and β3 in Normal Horses and Two Horses with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (2006)

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an inherited, intrinsic platelet defect characterized by a quantitative or qualitative change in the platelet glycoprotein complex IIb-IIIa (integrin alpha(IIb)beta3). The subunits are encoded by separate genes and both subunits must be expressed for a stable complex to form on the platelet surface; therefore, a defect in either gene can result in GT.
A Phosphanthrene Oxide Host with Close Sphere Packing for Ultralow‐Voltage‐Driven Efficient Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Diodes (2017)

A phosphanthrene oxide host, 5,10-diphenyl-phosphanthrene 5,10-dioxide (DPDPO<sub>2</sub> A), with intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds achieves spheroidal cis-configuration and close sphere packing. DPDPO<sub>2</sub> A realizes effective exciton suppression and excellent and balanced carrier transporting ability, both at the same time, demonstrating favorable photoluminescence quantum yield of 84% from its blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dye, namely bis[4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine) phenyl]sulfone, doped films and high electron and hole mobility at the level of 10<sup>-4</sup> and 10<sup>-5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> , respectively. DPDPO<sub>2</sub> A endows its blue TADF devices with record-low driving voltages, e.g., turn-on voltage of 2.5 V, and the state-of-the-art efficiencies with maxima of 22.5% for external quantum efficiency and 52.9 lm W<sup>-1</sup> for power efficiency, which is the best comprehensive performance to date of ultralow-voltage-driven blue TADF diodes.
Localized echo‐volume imaging methods for functional MRI (1997)

To perform true three-dimensional activation experiments in the human brain, dedicated localized echo-volume imaging (L-EVI) methods were developed. Three-dimensional acquisition allows generation of activation maps with minimal vascular enhancement related to inflow effects. The rapid acquisition of the L-EVI (approximately 100 msec) reduces signal instabilities caused by motion, facilitating the detection of the small intensity changes expected with brain activation. Single-shot L-EVI was performed on normal volunteers at 1.5 T, imaging a three-dimensional predefined volume (240 x 45 x 45 mm3) in the superior portion of the brain with a spatial resolution of 3.75 x 5 x 5 mm3. Increased brain coverage was achieved with a multi-volume imaging (three-shot) version, which simultaneously achieved effective suppression of signals from cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, both asymmetric spin-echo (ASE) and spin-echo (SE) versions of the technique were used to detect blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes in the motor cortex with a finger-tapping paradigm. Images obtained by the L-EVI sequence were qualitatively comparable to standard multislice two-dimensional echo-planar images. Both ASE and SE functional MRI (fMRI) experiments showed consistent activation in the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, significant differences in location and magnitude of activation was observed between the two methods, confirming theoretical predictions.
Electronic and optical properties of ultrathin Si/Ge (001) superlattices (1988)

We report the electronic and optical properties of very-small-period (10--30-A\r{}) Si/${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ superlattices. We present the first conduction dispersion relations (band structures) and the oscillator strengths for these systems. The magnitude of the oscillator strength associated with the transition across the fundamental superlattice gap is explained in terms of the relative importance of the strain and microscopic potential. In particular, it is found that the oscillator strength strongly reflects the relationship between the degree of momentum mixing and the corresponding wave-function overlap in real space concerning the states involved in the transition. A detailed description is given of the symmetry properties of the optical spectra in question and their relationship to the splitting of the degeneracy at the top of the valence band.