gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing and release of tumor necrosis factor α (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is synthesized as a transmembrane precursor form that is proteolytically processed and released as the soluble mature form. In human monocytes and monocytic cell lines, the production, processing, and release of TNFalpha are co-induced by certain activators, such as lipopolysaccharide. To investigate the mechanism of TNFalpha processing and release, we established a cell line which constitutively produced TNFalpha, by transfecting the TNFalpha precursor form cDNA into NIH/3T3 cells. In these cells, the processing and release of TNFalpha were augmented by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), mediated through a protein kinase C (PKC) signalling pathway. Various protease inhibitors were tested and it was found that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors blocked the processing and release of TNFalpha both in the absence and presence of PMA. This result is compatible with the recent reports that MMP are involved in the processing and release of TNFalpha. In contrast, 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, N alpha-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethane, iodoacetamide, and o-phenanthroline inhibited the processing and release of TNFalpha only in the presence of PMA, suggesting that serine proteases requiring SH for their activity, a combination of serine proteases and cysteine proteases, or MMP, may be involved in the PKC-mediated induction of TNFalpha processing and release.
Allostery and Substrate Channeling in the Tryptophan Synthase Bienzyme Complex: Evidence for Two Subunit Conformations and Four Quaternary States (2013)

The allosteric regulation of substrate channeling in tryptophan synthase involves ligand-mediated allosteric signaling that switches the α- and β-subunits between open (low activity) and closed (high activity) conformations. This switching prevents the escape of the common intermediate, indole, and synchronizes the α- and β-catalytic cycles. (19)F NMR studies of bound α-site substrate analogues, N-(4'-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl)-2-aminoethyl phosphate (F6) and N-(4'-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulfonyl)-2-aminoethyl phosphate (F9), were found to be sensitive NMR probes of β-subunit conformation. Both the internal and external aldimine F6 complexes gave a single bound peak at the same chemical shift, while α-aminoacrylate and quinonoid F6 complexes all gave a different bound peak shifted by +1.07 ppm. The F9 complexes exhibited similar behavior, but with a corresponding shift of -0.12 ppm. X-ray crystal structures show the F6 and F9 CF3 groups located at the α-β subunit interface and report changes in both the ligand conformation and the surrounding protein microenvironment. Ab initio computational modeling suggests that the change in (19)F chemical shift results primarily from changes in the α-site ligand conformation. Structures of α-aminoacrylate F6 and F9 complexes and quinonoid F6 and F9 complexes show the α- and β-subunits have closed conformations wherein access of ligands into the α- and β-sites from solution is blocked. Internal and external aldimine structures show the α- and β-subunits with closed and open global conformations, respectively. These results establish that β-subunits exist in two global conformational states, designated open, where the β-sites are freely accessible to substrates, and closed, where the β-site portal into solution is blocked. Switching between these conformations is critically important for the αβ-catalytic cycle.
Synthesis of 3-Aryl-4-acetyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and 3-Aryl-4-acetyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines (1989)

Abmact -4-Acetyl-2-chlor-3-lithiopyridine ethylene glycol ketal and 2-acetyl-4-chloro-3-lithiopyridine ethylene glycol ketal were reacted with aromatic aldehydes and oxidation of the resulting alcohols provided the corresponding 3-aroylpyridines.There intermediates were transformed by hydrazine hydrate to 4-acetyl-3-aryl-Inpyrazolo[3,4-bl-and -[W-clpyridine ethylene glycol ketals, which afforded the title compounds, respectively, by acid hydrolysis.Polysubstituted derivatives of 15-pyrazolo[3,4-hlpyridine have been extensively studied as potentially biologically active compounds especially with the aim t o find new inhibitors of xanthine oxidaresl.Probably due t o their inaccessibility, the series of polyrubstituted l~-pyrarolo[4,3-~]pyridines are less documented but some derivatives have also been describedz.However, 4-acetyl-3-aryl-lH-pyrazo10[3,4-~]pyridines are yet unknown.As a new example of the possible use of 4-acetyl-2-chloropyridine ethylene glycol ketal as the starting material for building various polyhetwocyclic systems, we wish to report the synthesis of these new l_~-pyrazola[3,4-~ Ipyridine derivatives.Furfher, we describe also the synthesis of the isomeric 4-acetyl-3-aryl-1~-pyra~o10[4,3-~]pyridines from 2-acetyl-4chlorapyridine ethylene glycol ketal.I) CAcetyl-3-aryl-l~+yrazolo@,8-b]pyridinn As already described in previous papers from this laboratory3,4, lithiation of 4-acetyl-Z-chloropyridine ethylene glycol ketal l5 provided the corresponding 3-lithiopyridine which condenred with 2,5-dimethaxybenzaldehyde t o afford alcohol in good yield.Compounds and have now been obtained under the same conditions, and oxidation of 2 by Swern reagent gave aryl ketones 1 in 42-53 % overall yields.There chloroketones were treated with hydrazine hydrate to give the expected pyrazolo[ 3,4-blpyridine ketals 4 as, which were transformed by acid hydrolysis t a corresponding 4-acetyl-3-aryl-I~-pyrazol0[3,4-b]pyridines
High-field properties of PMN-PT single crystals (2003)

Electric properties of relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-PbTiO/sub 3/ (PMN-PT) single crystals near the rhombohedral-tetragonal transition under high-field phase boundary were studied. The single crystals in the <001> direction exhibited a remanent polarization of 30 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, coercive field of 3.5 kV/cm and switchable polarization of 51 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ at 9 kV/cm. The polarization-temperature dependence of the crystals indicated a reduction of 5% in the remanent polarization and 3.2% in switchable polarization at 80/spl deg/C. The remanent polarization decreased to 5 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ at 146/spl deg/C (T/sub m/). However the switchable polarization fell to zero at that temperature. A loss of 12% in the polarization was observed in the switching cycles up to 2.5/spl times/10/sup 8/ reversals under bipolar pulse of 12 kV/cm. On the other hand, the crystals have a resistivity of 1.6/spl times/10/sup 9/ /spl Omega/-cm at 100/spl deg/C and with a electric field of 10 kV/cm. These results are favorable to applications for device design of the PMN-PT crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: Improvement of Structural Stability of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> Cathode During Electrochemical Cycling by Sol‐Gel Coating of SnO<sub>2</sub>. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Smooth Teeth: Why Multipoles Are Perfect Gears (2015)

What if gears could mesh perfectly smoothly and without friction or wear? Allowing adjacent magnetic dipoles to rotate about axes orthogonal to their dipole moments produces special orientations, for which the ground state is a degenerate continuum. In these cases, when one dipole spins around its axis the next dipole follows, without any counterforce, creating a gear train. Different multipoles allow various gear ratios. This is of immediate practical relevance, from micromachines to lab-on-a-chip actuators driven by an external magnetic dipole.
Cellular Architectures: From Automata to Hardware. (1981)

Abstract : Cellular automata have been studied for many years both as pattern generators and as acceptors for pattern languages. At the same time, computer architectures analogous to two-dimensional cellular automata have been proposed and used for image processing and recognition. In recent years, various extensions to the basic cellular automation concept have been proposed. These extensions should be of interest in connection with the design of future hardware system for image processing and analysis. (Author)
The impact of chromatin modifiers on the timing of locus replication in mouse embryonic stem cells (2007)

This analysis demonstrates the importance of chromatin modifiers for maintaining correct replication of satellite sequences in pluripotent ES cells and highlights the sensitivity of some single copy loci to the influence of chromatin modifiers. Abundant histone acetylation is shown to correlate well with early replication. Surprisingly, loss of DNA methylation or histone methylation was tolerated by many loci, suggesting that these modifications may be less influential for the timing of euchromatin replication.
修理甚至射影的空间的拷贝的 disjoint 联合的复杂物 (1996)

We show that for any differentiable involution on an r-dimensional manifold(M,T)whose fixed point set F is a disjoint union of real projective spaces of constant dimension 2n,wehave:if r=4n then(M,T)is bordant to(F×F,twist),if 2n<r≠4n then(M,T)bounds.
<title>Seed maize quality inspection with machine vision</title> (1993)

A potential on-line automatic inspection system for grading seed maizes using machine vision was proposed. A number of samples of the maize images can be acquired as the maize cobs passing through the inspection system. The samples represent the quality of inspected maizes at different layers of unloading maizes from a truck. Machine vision algorithms were developed to measure the amount of residues mixing up with maize cobs and the loss of kernels on cobs. The methodology will be presented and discussed. Two parameters, residue mixture ratio and kernel loss ratio are introduced as indicators for quantitative measurement of the amount of residues mixed with cobs and kernel lost on the cobs.
Mutations in the Leucine Zipper-Like Heptad Repeat Sequence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Dominantly Interfere with Wild-Type Virus Infectivity (1998)

It has been previously shown that a proline substitution for any of the conserved leucine or isoleucine residues located in the leucine zipper-like heptad repeat sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 renders viruses noninfectious and envelope (Env) protein unable to mediate membrane fusion (S. S.-L. Chen, C.-N. Lee, W.-R. Lee, K. McIntosh, and T.-M. Lee, J. Virol. 67:3615-3619, 1993; S. S.-L. Chen, J. Virol. 68:2002-2010, 1994). To understand whether these variants could act as trans-dominant inhibitory mutants, the ability of these mutants to inhibit wild-type (wt) virus infectivity was examined. Comparable amounts of cell- and virion-associated gag gene products as well as virion-associated gp41 were found in transfection with wt or mutant HIV-1 provirus. Viruses obtained from coexpression of wt provirus with mutant 566 or 580 provirus inhibited more potently the production of infectious virus than did viruses generated from cotransfection of wt provirus with other mutant proviruses. Nevertheless, all viruses produced from mixed transfection showed decreased infectivity compared with that of the wt virus when a multinuclear-activation beta-galactosidase induction assay was performed. The ability of wt Env to induce cytopathic effects was inhibited by coexpression with mutant Env. Coexpression of mutants inhibited the ability of the wt protein to mediate virus-to-cell transmission, as demonstrated by an env trans-complementation assay with a defective HIV-1 proviral vector. These observations indicated that mutant Env, per se, interferes with wt Env function. Moreover, cotransfection of wt and mutant proviruses produced amounts of cell- and virion-associated gag gene products comparable to those produced by transfection of wt provirus. Similar amounts of gp41 were also found in virions generated from wt-mutant cotransfection as well as from wt transfection alone. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect conferred by mutants on the wt virus infectivity does not involve the late steps of Gag protein assembly and budding, but they suggest that the wt and mutant Env proteins form a dysfunctional hetero-oligomer which is impaired in an early step of the virus replication cycle. Our study demonstrates that mutations in the HIV-1 gp41 leucine zipper-like heptad repeat sequence dominantly inhibit infectious virus production.
Analysis of multi-bit flip flop low power methodology to reduce area and power in physical synthesis and clock tree synthesis in 90nm CMOS technology (2014)

Power and Area has become a burning issue in modern VLSI design. Power has become a bottleneck in digital circuit in ultra-deep sub-micron design. Clock power is one of the major power sources. As design size reduces Area also become a major concern. The Multi bit Flip Flop is one of the methodologies to reduce power and area. By using MBFF methodology in physical design flow, we can also reduce the global congestion as wire length reduces significantly. For a given design, we can reduce its power, area and wire length through merging of flip-flops without affecting functionality of design and achieve better quality results. In this paper, we will review multi bit flip flops concepts, library syntax for MBFF and analytical study of design's results with MBFF and without MBFF at Physical Synthesis and clock tree synthesis on 90nm technology.
A 2–40 GHz Active Balun Using 0.13 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS Process (2009)

A 2 to 40 GHz broadband active balun using 0.13 mum CMOS technology is presented in this letter. Using two-stage differential amplified pairs, the active balun can achieve a wideband performance with the gain compensation technique. This active balun exhibits a measured small signal gain of 0 plusmn1, with the amplitude imbalances below 0.5 dB and the phase differences of 180 plusmn10deg from 2 to 40 GHz. The core active balun has a low power consumption of 40 mW, and a compact area of 0.8 mm x 0.7 mm. This proposed balun achieved the highest operation frequency, the widest bandwidth, and the smallest size among all the reported active baluns.
Tuberculosis care in community care organizations in sub-Saharan Africa: practice and potential. (1997)

Despite most community care organizations' shortcomings in tuberculosis care, they do have the potential to improve the care of tuberculosis patients, thus reducing the load on overstretched health facilities. Their potential impact on tuberculosis control depends on their population coverage and sustainability. HIV/AIDS community care organizations with strengthened management of tuberculosis care could serve as a model for expanded community participation in tuberculosis control. Operational research is needed to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of community-based TB care.
Life (2008)

William Cuthbert Falkner was born late at night on September 25, 1897, and died early in the morning of July 6, 1962; were we to honor his wishes on the matter of his biography, we would not inquire into it any further than that. He was a quiet and intensely private man who once observed that “it is my ambition to be, as a private individual, abolished and voided from history”; “in the same sentence is my obit and epitaph too, shall be them both: He made the books and he died” (FCF 126). In his fiction, subconsciously and on purpose, Faulkner used the materials of his life in very subtle, often tertiary ways, and more than one biographer has gone terribly astray while trying to use the life to explain his work or the work to explain his life. Another problem in writing Faulkner's biography is raised by the fact that he was first and foremost a fiction writer. When asked a question about his private life, he was just as likely to make something up as he was when he sat at his typewriter at home inventing characters and plots. Early in his career, for example, he wrote to an editor who had asked for biographical information that he was “Born male and single at early age in Mississippi. Quit school after five years in seventh grade. Got job in Grandfather's bank and learned medicinal value of his liquor. Grandfather thought janitor did it. Hard on janitor” (SL 47).
[Gene clone and sequence analysis of retinal specific rho promoter]. (2005)

Retinal specific Rho promoter has been successfully cloned, thus making possible the subsequent research as the mechanism and gene therapy of retina.
Interview: Stemming Vision Loss with Stem Cells: Seeing is Believing (2009)

Professor Coffey joined the faculty at the University of Oxford in 1987 on completing his doctoral work. In 1989, he was awarded a personal Royal Society Research Fellowship, at the same time moving to the University of Sheffield to establish a new laboratory for retinal transplantation. After 14 years at the University of Sheffield, Prof. Coffey was appointed Professor in the newly built Henry Wellcome building for translational eye research at the Institute of Ophthalmology in London. Prof. Coffey has many years experience in cellular therapies as applied to retinal transplantation and was recently the principal author and co-author of two landmark papers demonstrating that grafting human cells could prevent visual loss. As Professor and head of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, Prof. Coffey has established the London Project to Cure Blindness. This project aims to deliver a stem cell therapy for age-related macular degeneration by 2011.
Estimation of the Pure-Tone Audiogram by the Auditory Brainstem Response: A Review (1997)

This review paper briefly considers how stimulus, noise masking and recording parameters affect the frequency and place specificity of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to air- and bone-conducted stimuli. Issues concerning the use of clicks for ABR threshold estimates will first be presented, followed by results for tone-evoked ABR thresholds and how well they predict the pure-tone behavioral audiogram. Noise-masking options (e.g. high-pass noise, notched noise and white noise) to improve the frequency specificity of tone-evoked ABRs, which are now available on clinical ABR units, will also be discussed. The goal of this article is to demonstrate that ABRs to tonal stimuli can be successfully recorded in most clinical environments and can provide reasonably accurate estimates of 500- to 4000-Hz pure-tone behavioral thresholds in infants, children and adults. Specific parameters and protocols for obtaining frequency-specific ABR threshold responses are provided.
Enhanced Solvation of Peptides Attached to “Solid-Phase” Resins: Straightforward Syntheses of the Elastin Sequence Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val (2015)

The solubility-enhancing power of covalent attachment to solvent-swollen cross-linked resin supports was illustrated by syntheses of the highly aggregating elastin-derived 10-residue peptide sequence Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val using standard protocols for both Boc and Fmoc chemistry SPPS.
Online Aerodynamic Model Structure Selection and Parameter Estimation for Fault Tolerant Control (2010)

This paper describes a new recursive algorithm for the approximation of time varying nonlinear aerodynamic models by means of a joint adaptive selection of the model structure and parameter estimation. This procedure is called Adaptive Recursive Orthogonal Least Squares (AROLS), and is an extension and modification of the classical Recursive Orthogonal Least Squares (ROLS). This algorithm is considered to be particularly useful for indirect fault tolerant flight control, making use of model based adaptive control routines. After the failure, a completely new aerodynamic model can be elaborated recursively with respect to structure as well as parameter values. The performance of the identification algorithm is demonstrated on some simulation data sets.
Introduction (1997)

Revolutions are not made without ideas, but they are not made by intellectuals. Steam is essential to driving a railway engine; but neither a locomotive nor a permanent way can be built out of steam. This book deals with the steam. However, a sociological approach to intellectual history carries its own risks. Karl Marx himself did not fall into the error of thinking that men's ideas were merely a pale reflection of their economic needs, with no history of their own. So, although this book is concerned mainly with intellectual history, it claims that the thinkers were not isolated from their societies. The history of ideas necessarily deals with trends to which there are individual exceptions. The book argues that on the whole the ideas of the scientists favoured the Puritan and Parliamentarian cause.
Characteristics of high-k Al2O3 dielectric using ozone-based atomic layer deposition for dual-gated graphene devices (2010)

We present characteristics of dual-gated graphene devices with an Al2O3 gate dielectric formed by an O3-based atomic-layer-deposition process. Raman spectra reveal that a O3 process at 25°C on single-layered graphene introduces the least amount defects, while a substantial number of defects appear at 200 °C. This graphene device with O3-based Al2O3 dielectric demonstrates a heterojunction within the graphene sheet when applying VTG and VBG and possesses good dielectric properties with minimal chemical doping, including a high dielectric constant ∼8, low hysteresis width ∼0.2 V, and low leakage current and a carrier mobility of 5000 cm2/V s 25°C in ambient.
Formation of a ZnO Overlayer in Industrial Cu/ZnO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts Induced by Strong Metal–Support Interactions (2015)

In industrially relevant Cu/ZnO/Al2 O3 catalysts for methanol synthesis, the strong metal support interaction between Cu and ZnO is known to play a key role. Here we report a detailed chemical transmission electron microscopy study on the nanostructural consequences of the strong metal support interaction in an activated high-performance catalyst. For the first time, clear evidence for the formation of metastable "graphite-like" ZnO layers during reductive activation is provided. The description of this metastable layer might contribute to the understanding of synergistic effects between the components of the Cu/ZnO/Al2 O3 catalysts.
Use of a text grammar for generating highlight abstracts of magazine articles (2000)

Browsing a database of article abstracts is one way to select and buy relevant magazine articles online. Our research contributes to the design and development of text grammars for abstracting texts in unlimited subject domains. We developed a system that parses texts based on the text grammar of a specific text type and that extracts sentences and statements which are relevant for inclusion in the abstracts. The system employs knowledge of the discourse patterns that are typical of news stories. The results are encouraging and demonstrate the importance of discourse structures in text summarisation.
Antiangiogenesis and anticancer efficacy of TA138, a novel alphavbeta3 antagonist. (2005)

TA138 might be a useful tool for the inhibition of angiogenesis associated with human tumor growth, or other pathological neovascularization processes. RP747 demonstrated antitumor efficacy in 1 spontaneous tumor model (c-neu oncomouse model, alphavbeta3 positive cells) and in 1 xenograft model (HCT116 human tumor colon carcinoma, alphavbeta3 negative cells) injected subcutaneously into nude mice.