gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoinductive waves in one, two, and three dimensions (2002)

The propagation of waves supported by capacitively loaded loops is investigated using a circuit model in which each loop is coupled magnetically to a number of other loops. Since the coupling is due to induced voltages the waves are referred to as magnetoinductive (MI) waves. The mathematical formulations are mostly analytical thanks to long standing previous work on the magnetic and electric fields generated by currents flowing in loops. Retardation is neglected, i.e., dimensions of the structure are assumed to be small relative to the free space wavelength. The dispersion relations, derived in the most general case for a tetragonal three-dimensional structure, exhibit both forward and backward waves within a pass band. It is shown that for reproducing the salient features of the waves it is sufficient to take nearest neighbor coupling into account but coupling between loops further away must also be considered if higher accuracy is required. The investigations include that of resonances, conditions for the existence of traveling waves, tolerances, and streamlines of the Poynting vector. Waveguide components, like bends, power dividers and couplers are considered due to the potential applications of the MI waves as magnetic guides. Generality of the results, their possible implications for transverse electromagnetic wave propagation, previous work on similar waves, including the possibility of phase conjugation, are discussed in a separate section.
Movie summarization based on audiovisual saliency detection (2008)

Based on perceptual and computational attention modeling studies, we formulate measures of saliency for an audiovisual stream. Audio saliency is captured by signal modulations and related multi-frequency band features, extracted through nonlinear operators and energy tracking. Visual saliency is measured by means of a spatiotemporal attention model driven by various feature cues (intensity, color, motion). Audio and video curves are integrated in a single attention curve, where events may be enhanced, suppressed or vanished. The presence of salient events is signified on this audiovisual curve by geometrical features such as local extrema, sharp transition points and level sets. An audiovisual saliency-based movie summarization algorithm is proposed and evaluated. The algorithm is shown to perform very well in terms of summary informativeness and enjoyability for movie clips of various genres.
High Frequency Trading with Complex Event Processing (2016)

High frequency trading is steadily taking over the equity trading world. High frequency trading involves very high speed systems placing trades at sub millisecond speeds across multiple stock exchanges. HFT is a good example for Big Data analytics - especially the velocity aspect of big data. For HFT strategies to be profitable, real time processing of big data is essential. In this paper we discuss the challenges faced by HFT systems and the opportunity for big data processing with low latency in the field. Most HFT systems are designed using real time stream processing, which have certain drawbacks. We present a theoretical framework for building high frequency trading systems using the complex event processing paradigm which could overcome the drawbacks of stream processing. Complex event processing enables detecting patterns of events from disparate events streams and responds to the detected pattern. The applicability of the framework for HFT applications is discussed.
Reversal of parkinsonian symptoms by intrastriatal and systemic manipulations of excitatory amino acid and dopamine transmission in the bilateral 6-OHDA lesioned marmoset (1995)

We have investigated the potential of alleviating parkinsonian symptoms by manipulating excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission, by several different pharmacological means, in a novel primate model of parkinsonism. The model is based on a two-stage bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion procedure in marmosets, which produces a stable but marked parkinsonian condition. Parkinsonian symptoms were reversed in a dose-dependent manner by systemic administration of levodopa and intrastriatal injections of apomorphine administered into either the caudate nucleus or the putamen. (R)-HA-966, a partial agonist for the NMDA receptor associated glycine site, also alleviated parkinsonian symptoms when injected intrastriatally but not when injected systemically. Systemic injection of enadoline, a kappa opiate which blocks release of EAAs, reduced parkinsonian symptoms when injected systemically, though it did not restore completely normal motor behaviour. In contrast, ifenprodil, an antagonist for the NMDA receptor-associated polyamine modulatory site, when injected systemically at an optimal dose, resulted in apparently normal motor behaviour. These data suggest that attenuation of EAA transmission could be used to treat parkinsonism.
Optimal cross section shape of tape wound cores (2015)

Tape wound cores are used in different applications where high power density is desired due to their high performance at high frequencies. In high power applications, inductor and transformer cores have large cross sections and consequently wide core legs which may result in different flux densities and temperatures in each layer as experimentally shown. This paper verifies the influence of the core cross section shape in the losses and temperature distribution inside the core. Optimal cross section shapes are developed in order to minimize different criteria such as core losses, heat extraction capabilities and total core weight.
An algorithm to partition DFT data into sections of constant variance (1998)

In the most common nonparametric method for detection of narrowband signals in underwater acoustic data, the time series are processed using overlapped and windowed discrete Fourier transforms (DFT's), and normalized with a noise mean estimator to obtain a display of frequency versus time for evaluation by the sonar operator. When the acoustic signals of interest are overresolved by the DFT, the usual normalization can degrade the detectability of these signals when the window size is not properly matched to the signal bandwidth. A novel algorithm is presented that uses the integrated DFT output to estimate the variance across all bins of the DFT. The algorithm can provide input for the autonomous identification of both broadband features of interest, like Lloyd's mirror, and overresolved narrowband features useful in target classification. It makes use of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the partitioning of the DFT output vector into segments with constant variance. This approach is optimal when the number of partitions of the DFT data is known a priori. The combined maximum likelihood estimation of both the number of partitions and the partitions themselves results in as many partitions as there are data points. To avoid this, the idea of minimum description length is used to obtain a joint estimate of the number of partitions, the partition bins, and the variance within each partition. An efficient implementation of the algorithm is presented using dynamic programming. Some examples of the processing of underwater acoustic data are included.
TCBWorks: a first generation Web-groupware system (2002)

We describe the development of a first generation Web groupware system called TCBWorks (http://tcbworks.mgmt.uga.edu:8080) that enables anyone with a Web browser to use groupware. We discuss the overall design strategy, the browser and server environment, and the technical implementation and programming. More than 200 organizations around the world are using the software, either on our server or theirs. We discuss our experiences in using the software and lessons learned.
Use of Targeting Agents to Increase Uptake and Localization of Drugs to the Intestinal Epithelium (2004)

Despite early successes in oral drug delivery of small molecules such as antibiotics, cephalosporins and vitamins, little success has been achieved with more recent pharmaceuticals such as peptides and proteins. This lack of success is primarily due to the impenetrable nature of the gastro-intestinal epithelial cell layers. Despite this, many bacteria, viruses and toxins are readily taken up from the intestine and thereby gain entry into the circulation. This review focuses on the use of various surface molecules from these organisms as well as toxin binding subunits as carriers for oral delivery of other molecules. It also describes the subversion of the natural uptake mechanisms for various vitamins and iron to allow for oral delivery of pharmaceuticals. These mechanisms provide exciting solutions to overcome the problems in oral delivery of peptides and proteins, which has been the nemesis of pharmaceutical scientists for many decades.
The Total Synthesis of Iboga Alkaloids<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Total Synthesis of Iboga Alkaloids1G. Büchi, D. L. Coffen, Karoly Kocsis, P. E. Sonnet, and Frederick E. ZieglerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 13, 3099–3109Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00965a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00965a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1382Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image denoising using multi-stage sparse representations (2010)

This paper presents a novel image denoising method based on multiscale sparse representations. The denoising is performed in a multi-stage framework where sparse representations are obtained in different scales to capture multiscale image features. Based on the multi-stage structure, we introduce a new stopping criterion for sparse coding to capture image structures more accurately than previous methods. Furthermore we propose a thresholding technique to effectively avoid artifacts which are usually introduced due to the erroneous pursuit for noise-induced structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves PSNR performance comparable to other state-of-the-art methods while producing denoised images with superior visual quality.
Determination of ablation threshold of copper alloy with orthogonal dual-pulse laser-ablation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2013)

Orthogonal dual-pulse laser-ablation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was first used to determine the laser-ablation threshold of samples. In this technique, the first laser pulse was used to ablate samples and the second time-delayed laser pulse was used to break down the ablated samples. Orthogonal geometric arrangement was adopted in this technique to ensure both high spatial resolution and high detection sensitivity. By monitoring the intensities of the atomic emission of the plasma under different pulse energies of the ablation laser and using an extrapolation method, the minimum pulse energy needed for the ablation of copper alloy under the tightly focused condition with a nanosecond 532 nm ablation laser was determined to be 1.9±0.1 μJ. After experimentally determining the beam spot size on the focal plan, the fluence threshold of the studied sample was determined to be 0.64±0.06 J/cm². This technique is able to realize direct and sensitive determination of a laser-ablation threshold of solid samples, and it is possible to find some important applications in different fields.
Polarisation Control In A Coherent Optical Fibre System Using A Dither Technique (1987)

A polarisation tracking heterodyne optical receiver is reported which uses a dither technique to achieve the required polarisation control and performance measurements in a 70 Mbit/s ASK system are presented. Other techniques for achieving polarisation insensitive coherent detection are outlined and compared with the polarisation tracking receiver.
Gustatory Expression Pattern of the Human TAS2R Bitter Receptor Gene Family Reveals a Heterogenous Population of Bitter Responsive Taste Receptor Cells (2007)

Human bitter taste is mediated by approximately 25 members of the human TAS2 receptor (hTAS2R) gene family. The hTAS2R genes are expressed in taste buds of gustatory papillae on the tongue surface. Because many naturally occurring bitter compounds are toxic, bitter taste receptors are believed to serve as warning sensors against the ingestion of toxic food compounds. An important question is whether bitter taste receptor cells are a homogeneous, broadly tuned population of cells, which uniformly express all bitter taste receptor genes, or not. Gene expression analyses in rodents demonstrated an essentially overlapping expression of TAS2R genes indicating a broad tuning, whereas functional in vivo analyses suggest a narrow tuning. The present study demonstrates the expression of all 25 human TAS2R genes in taste receptor cells of human circumvallate papillae. As shown by in situ hybridization experiments, the expression of hTAS2R genes differs in both the apparent level of expression and the number of taste receptor cells expressing these genes, suggesting a heterogeneous bitter taste receptor cell population. Differences in gene expression levels were verified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR experiments for a subset of hTAS2R genes. Direct evidence for the heterogeneity of bitter taste receptor cells is provided by dual-labeling in situ hybridizations with selected pairs of hTAS2R gene-specific probes. Functional coexpression experiments in heterologous cells show competition among hTAS2Rs, indicating a possible biological reason for the observed expression pattern. From the data, we conclude that human bitter taste receptor cells are tuned to detect a limited subset of bitter stimuli.
Aberrant seizure‐induced neurogenesis in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (2005)

Neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus persists throughout life and is increased by seizures. The dentate granule cell (DGC) layer is often abnormal in human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy, with dispersion of the layer and the appearance of ectopic granule neurons in the hilus. We tested the hypothesis that these abnormalities result from aberrant DGC neurogenesis after seizure-induced injury. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify proliferating progenitors and mature DGCs in the adult rat pilocarpine temporal lobe epilepsy model. We also examined dentate gyri from epileptic human hippocampal surgical specimens. Prox-1 immunohistochemistry and pulse-chase bromodeoxyuridine labeling showed that progenitors migrate aberrantly to the hilus and molecular layer after prolonged seizures and differentiate into ectopic DGCs in rat. Neuroblast marker expression indicated the delayed appearance of chainlike progenitor cell formations extending into the hilus and molecular layer, suggesting that seizures alter migratory behavior of DGC precursors. Ectopic putative DGCs also were found in the hilus and molecular layer of epileptic human dentate gyrus. These findings indicate that seizure-induced abnormalities of neuroblast migration lead to abnormal integration of newborn DGCs in the epileptic adult hippocampus, and implicate aberrant neurogenesis in the development or progression of recurrent seizures.
Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is pivotal for recognition of <i>S. aureus</i> peptidoglycan but not intact bacteria by microglia (2004)

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays an important role in enabling cells of the innate immune system to recognize conserved structural motifs on a wide array of pathogens including gram-positive bacteria. Although microglia have recently been shown to express TLR2, the functional significance of this receptor in mediating microglial activation remains unknown. To ascertain the importance of TLR2 in microglial responses to S. aureus and its cell wall product peptidoglycan (PGN), we evaluated primary microglia from TLR2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. TLR2 was found to play a pivotal role in PGN recognition and subsequent activation in primary microglia, as demonstrated by the attenuated expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12 p40, MIP-2, and MCP-1 in PGN-treated TLR2 KO microglia compared with WT cells. In contrast, the responses of TLR2 KO and WT microglia to S. aureus were qualitatively similar, indicating that alternative receptors are responsible for recognizing intact bacteria. Microarray analysis confirmed that TLR2 plays a central role in PGN recognition by primary microglia. The expression of MyD88, a central adapter molecule in TLR-dependent signaling, was similar in both TLR2 KO and WT microglia, suggesting that the defect in PGN recognition by the former is not due to alterations in this key signaling intermediate. These findings reveal the complex nature of gram-positive bacterial recognition by microglia, which occurs, in part, through engagement of TLR2.
Reduced level of ATF is correlated with transcriptional repression of DNA topoisomerase IIα gene during TPA‐induced differentiation of HL‐60 cells (1998)

DNA topoisomerase II is a marker for the proliferation state of mammalian cells in culture, and the protein levels are markedly higher in exponentially growing cells than quiescent cells and can be downregulated by growth of the cells at high density and serum starvation. Correlation between ATF and TPA-repressed DNA topoisomerase II alpha (Topo II alpha) mRNA has been investigated during TPA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Topo II alpha mRNA and unknotting activity were reduced at 24 hours in TPA-treated HL-60 cells. The level of Topo II alpha mRNA and the activity were gradually decreased in proportion to the concentration of TPA. Two DNA-protein complexes were formed by DNA mobility shift assay when ATF-binding site was incubated with nuclear extract prepared from TPA-free HL-60 cells, and the amount of ATF was vanished after TPA treatment. TPA-repressed Topo II alpha mRNA and ATF levels were partially restored after pretreatment of staurosporin. These results suggest that the reduced level of ATF may be important to the transcriptional repression of Topo II alpha gene during TPA-induced differentiation in HL-60 cells and related to protein kinase C signal pathway.
Quantifying the Effect of Changes in the Hemodialysis Prescription on Effective Solute Removal with a Mathematical Model (1999)

One potential benefit of chronic hemodialysis (HD) regimens of longer duration or greater frequency than typical three-times-weekly schedules is enhanced solute removal over a relatively wide molecular weight spectrum of uremic toxins. This study assesses the effect of variations in HD frequency (F: per week), duration (T: min per treatment), and blood/dialysate flow rates (QB/QD: ml/min) on steady-state concentration profiles of five surrogates: urea (U), creatinine (Cr), vancomycin (V), inulin (I), and beta2-microglobulin (beta2M). The regimens assessed for an anephric 70-kg patient were: A (standard): F = 3, T = 240, QB = 350, QD = 600; B (daily/short-time): F = 7, T = 100, QB = 350, QD = 600; C/D/E (low-flow/long-time): F = 3/5/7, T = 480, QB = 300, QD = 100. HD was simulated with a variable-volume double-pool model, which was solved by numerical integration (Runge-Kutta method). Endogenous generation rates (G) for U, Cr, and beta2M were 6.25, 1.0, and 0.17 mg/min, respectively; constant infusion rates for V and I of 0.2 and 0.3 mg/min, respectively, were used to simulate middle molecule (MM) G values. Intercompartment clearances of 600, 275, 125, 90, and 40 ml/min were used for U, Cr, V, I, and beta2M, respectively, For each solute/regimen combination, the equivalent renal clearance (EKR: ml/min) was calculated as a dimensionless value normalized to the regimen A EKR, which was 13.4, 10.8, 6.6, 3.7, and 4.8 ml/min for U, Cr, V, I, and beta2M, respectively. For regimens B, C, D, and E, respectively, these normalized EKR values were U: 1.04, 0.96, 1.58, and 2.22; Cr: 1.03, 1.08, 1.80, and 2.55; V: 1.06, 1.32, 2.21, and 3.12; I: 1.05, 1.54, 2.57, and 3.62; beta2M: 1.00, 1.27, 1.73, and 2.19. The extent of post-HD rebound (%) was highest for regimens A and B, ranging from 16% (urea) to 50% (inulin), and lowest for regimen E, ranging from 6% (urea) to 28% (beta2M). The following conclusions can be made: (1) Relative to a standard three-times-weekly HD regimen of approximately the same total (weekly) treatment duration, a daily/short-time regimen results in modest (3 to 6%) increases in effective small solute and MM removal. (2) Relative to a standard three-times-weekly HD regimen, a three-times-weekly low-flow/long-time regimen results in comparable effective small solute removal and progressive increases in MM and beta2M removal. A daily low-flow/long-time regimen substantially increases the effective removal of all solutes.
On the Schools Selection. Europe - Italy (2013)

The article surveys the criteria of school's of architecture and design selection for the Domus " Europe's Top 100 Schools of Architecture and Design 2012" between Italy and Europe
Expression of Hammerhead Ribozymes by Retroviral Vectors to Inhibit HIV-1 Replication: Comparison of RNA Levels and Viral Inhibition (1996)

We have analyzed expression of anti-HIV-1 hammerhead ribozymes in the context of retroviral vectors. To determine optimal vector designs for ribozyme expression, we compared three vectors, each of which contained the same pair of anti-HIV-1 hammerhead ribozymes in tandem. Despite the presence of vastly different amounts of vector-derived flanking sequences, the ribozymes produced by each vector had similar cleavage activity when assayed in vitro. The ribozyme vectors were packaged into amphotropic virion and used to transduce human CEM T lymphocytes. Analysis by Northern blot and RNAse protection assays demonstrated that the highest steady-state levels of ribozyme-containing transcripts were produced by a vector in which the ribozymes were expressed under transcriptional control of the vector MoMuLV LTR. Despite these differences in the levels of ribozyme transcripts achieved by the vectors, their ability to confer resistance to HIV-1 replication was similar. Therefore, other factors than the absolute levels of ribozymes play a role in determining the effectiveness of ribozyme vectors to inhibit HIV-1. These may include structural features of the transcripts that affect the antisense effects of the ribozyme constructs, the actual catalytic activity of the ribozymes, their RNA folding, the binding of proteins, and the intracellular localization. Greater understanding of these factors may permit more effective application of ribozymes to inhibit gene expression.