gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Genomics and Metabolomics Methods to Quantify Fungal Endosymbionts and Alkaloids in Grasses (2011)

The association of plants with endosymbiotic micro-organisms poses a particular challenge to metabolomics studies. The presence of endosymbionts can alter metabolic profiles of plant tissues by introducing non-plant metabolites such as fungal specific alkaloids, and by metabolic interactions between the two organisms. An accurate quantification of the endosymbiont and its metabolites is therefore critical for studies of interactions between the two symbionts and the environment.Here, we describe methods that allow the quantification of the ryegrass Neotyphodium lolii fungal endosymbiont and major alkaloids in its host plant Lolium perenne. Fungal concentrations were quantified in total genomic DNA (gDNA) isolated from infected plant tissues by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using primers specific for chitinase A from N. lolii. To quantify the fungal alkaloids, we describe LC-MS based methods which provide coverage of a wide range of alkaloids of the indolediterpene and ergot alkaloid classes, together with peramine.
Structural Definition of Early Lysine and Histidine Adduction Chemistry of 4-Hydroxynonenal (1995)

The lipid peroxidation product trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) has been implicated in the covalent modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) thought to contribute to the over-accumulation of LDL in the arterial wall in the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Proposals for the exact structures of "early" protein side-chain modifications until now have been based on indirect evidence. In this paper, the structures of first-formed His- and Lys-based adducts were elucidated by correlating NMR spectral properties with those obtained on models with reduced chiral center content, in some cases following hydride reduction. In this manner, we could confirm unambiguously the structure of a HNE-His imidazole(N tau) Michael adduct, stabilized as a cyclic hemiacetal and isolated from a neutral aqueous 1:1 stoichiometry reaction mixture. In the case of Lys/amine reactivity, where an excess of amine is needed to avert HNE aldol condensation, the predominance of a 1:1 Michael adduct in homogeneous aqueous solution and a 1:2 Michael-Schiff base adduct under two-phase aqueous-organic conditions could be verified by isolation of the respective borohydride-reduced forms. The 1:2 adduct, shown to exist as the cyclic hemiaminal, could represent a stable lysine-based cross-link in certain protein microenvironments.
Influence des matières végétales et des engrais NPK sur la biologie de<i>Aedes aegypti</i>(Diptera : Culicidae) (2010)

In this laboratory study, we investigated the attractiveness of gravid Aedes aegypti females for aquatic habitats containing either NPK fertilizer or plant matter or a mixture of both. The development of larvae, adult emergence and weight of emerged adults were measured for each group and physicochemical analysis of water was made for the dosage of minerals and organic compounds. After 23 days experiment, NPK solution remained as attractive as the mixture of NPK + plant matter but did not ensure suitable development of larvae. The plant matter infusion showed less attractiveness for laying eggs than NPK but provided larvae with sufficient organic nutrients for their development. The combination of both NPK + plant matter provided the greatest attractiveness for gravid females and sufficient organic substance allowing mosquito larvae to grow. Physicochemical analyses of water containing NPK showed minerals only (NH4(+)+NO3(-)+P+K) whereas plant matter showed high content of carbon and nitrogen. The NPK + plant matter mixture contained both organic and minerals elements that favoured the proliferation of bacteria and then the development of mosquito larvae. These findings could lead to the development of new traps that could attract females mosquitoes and killed hatched larvae if mix with appropriate larvicides.
Analysis of the productivity of a continuous algal culture system (1987)

We describe a first-principles analysis of a system for the continuous culture of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus under light-limiting conditions. According to this analysis, the productivity of the algal culture is given by the relation Y = E(m)I(0)AK(1 - e(-alphacl)) - GRcV, where Y = yield (g cells/h), E(m) = 0.20 (the maximum attainable photosynthetic conversion on an energy basis), A = illuminated area (m(2)), K = 0.156[(g cells/h/W), the energy equivalent of the algae], I(0) = light intensity (W/m(2)), alpha = extinction coefficient (L/cm/g),c = cell concentration (g/L), I = light path (cm), R = respiration rate (g carbon/g cells/h), V = culture volume (L), and G = ratio of g cells to g carbon (2.04). This formula is completely determined and has no free adjustable parameters. Using parameter values determined independently, the model accurately predicted the relationship of productivity to cell density in the culture system.
Quantitative and Wide-Ranging Profiling of Phospholipids in Human Plasma by Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Normal-phase or reverse-phase liquid chromatography has been used in phospholipidomics for lipid separation prior to mass spectrometry analysis. However, separation using a single separation mode is often inadequate, as high-abundance phospholipids can mask large numbers of low-abundance lipids of interest. In order to detect and quantify low-abundance phospholipids, we present a novel two-dimensional (2D) approach for sensitive and quantitative global analysis of phospholipids. The methodology monitors individual glycerolipids and phospholipids through the use of a new quantitative normal-phase, solid-phase extraction procedure, followed by molecular characterization and relative quantification using an ion-trap Orbitrap equipped with a reverse-phase liquid chromatograph, with data processing by MS++ software. The CV (%) of the peak area of each lipid standard was less than 15% with this extraction method. When the method was applied to a liver sample, we could detect more phosphatidylserine (PS) compared to the previous method. Finally, our developed method was applied to Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma samples. Several hundred peaks were detected from a 60 μL plasma sample. A partial-least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) plot using peak area ratio gave a unique group of PLS scores which could distinguish plasma samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from those of age-matched healthy controls.
Modulation of drug resistance in <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> by a kaempferol glycoside from <i>herissantia tiubae</i> (malvaceae) (2009)

In an ongoing project to evaluate natural compounds isolated from plants from the Brazilian biodiversity as modulators of antibiotic resistance, kaempferol-3-O-beta-d-(6''-E-p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside (tiliroside), isolated from Herissantia tiubae (Malvaceae) was investigated using the strain SA-1199B of Staphylococcus aureus, which overexpresses the norA gene encoding the NorA efflux protein which extrudes hydrophilic fluorquinolones and some biocides, such as benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, acriflavine and ethidium bromide. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics and biocides were determined by the microdilution assay in the absence and in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of tiliroside. Although tiliroside did not display relevant antibacterial activity (MIC = 256 microg/mL), it modulated the activity of antibiotics, i.e. in combination with antibiotics a reduction in the MIC was observed for norfloxacin (16-fold), ciprofloxacin (16-fold), lomefloxacin (four-fold) and ofloxacin (two-fold), and an impressive reduction in the MICs for the biocides (up to 128-fold). The results presented here represent the first report of a kaempferol glycoside as a putative efflux pump inhibitor in bacteria. The present finding indicates that H. tiubae (and broadly Malvaceae) could serve as a source of plant-derived natural products that modulate bacterial resistance, i.e. a source of potential adjuvants of antibiotics.
[Analytical methods and in vitro studies with acemetacin]. (1980)

1. Analytical methods (isolation, TLC, UV-spectroscopic and preferably fluorimetric determination) of [1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetoxy] acetic acid (acemetacin, TV 1322, Rantudil), its analogues, hydrolysis-products and metabolites from biological material are described. 2. Stability is also dealt with. Hydrolysis of the p-chlorobenzoyl group results in strongly fluorescing compounds and can be used in determination of acemetacin, indometacin and derivatives 3. Proof is given that in in vitro studies, such as e.g. Mizushima's protein turbidity test or the test for inhibition of prostaglandin-synthetase, only intact acemetacin (and none of its potential break-down products) is present and is active. 4. In in vitro studies, such as the inhibition of total complement and of the increase in activity of serum sulfhydryl groups, acemetacin and a series of its salts proved to be at least as effective as indometacin. 5. In comparing protein binding, acemetacin, like indometacin, is found to bind strongly to albumin. The portion of free, non-protein bound acemetacin, which thus remains available for the pharmacological action, is found to be approx. 60% higher than the corresponding portion of free indometacin.
glue.things (2014)

Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending topic. Market analysts predict a large growth of the entire IoT market with an explosion of new products. In this paper, we argue how the data of these devices can be connected in an efficient and extensible way. For this purpose, we present glue.things a mashup platform for wiring data of Web-enabled IoT devices and Web services. The work carried out in this paper addresses concepts and technologies that are referred as "web-friendly IoT technologies". We elaborate aspects of device integration, real-time communication and data stream mashups. These aspects are discussed on features and technologies of the prototype implementation glue.things.
Design of Aircraft On-Glass Antennas Using a Coupled Feed Structure (2012)

This communication proposes a glass-integrated antenna using a coupled feed structure for military FM radio communications on aircraft. The proposed antenna consists of a feed strip and two radiators, printed on the left-side window of the cockpit. The proposed antenna structure is optimized with the genetic algorithm in conjunction with the FEKO EM simulator. The optimized antenna is built and installed on a 1/10-sized KUH-Surion mock-up and antenna performance, such as reflection coefficient and bore-sight gain, is measured in a semi-anechoic chamber. The optimized antenna shows a half-power matching bandwidth of 28% at the center frequency of the military FM radio band and an average bore-sight gain of about -2.60 dBi. The results show that the proposed antenna is suitable for use as a military FM antenna for aircraft applications.
Apolipoprotein Serum Amyloid A in Alzheimer's Disease (1999)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the tissue deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in the brain. Recent studies have shown apoproteins (apo) in amyloid plaques and associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Western blot analysis revealed that serum amyloid A (apoSAA) protein was present in control and AD patients at low levels compared to apoE and apoA-I, however, AD brains showed a significant increase over control values. Analysis of CSF-HDL from control and AD individuals showed that apoA-I, apoE and apoSAA were on the particle. Immuno-cytochemical analysis showed that SAA was detected in senile plaques in AD tissue, but was predominantly localized to neuritic plaques. ApoE staining of AD brain confirmed that most plaques contained the apoprotein, similar to Abeta immunoreactivity, whereas apoA-I expressed little staining of senile plaques. No significant differences were detected in the level of apoSAA when compared to APOE genotype in AD samples, suggesting that interactions with apoE were non-specific. These data imply that the specific interactions of SAA with Abeta in the neuritic plaques may play a role in AD.
Effects of subgingival irrigation on A. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i> (1989)

The effects of repeated subgingival irrigation on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was examined. 24 periodontal pockets harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans in 3 juvenile and 4 adult periodontitis patients were studied. The protocol included bi-weekly subgingival irrigation with hydrogen peroxide of the periodontal sites until the micro-organism was no longer detected by selective culture, or for 6 months. A. actinomycetemcomitans was gradually suppressed to below detection following the irrigation regime and could no longer be detected in 46% of the sites at completion of the irrigation protocol. The sites were microbiologically re-examined 5 months after cessation of the irrigation regime. A. actinomycetemcomitans re-occurred in only 2 of the sites from which it had originally been suppressed below detection. The results indicate: (1) that the irrigation regime tested has some potential to suppress A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal pockets; (2) that the effect of the irrigation protocol generally lasted for 5 months; (3) that the reduction rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans to below detectable levels seems related to the initial number of cultivable bacteria from the periodontal pocket.
Tribenzylsulfonium Hydrogen Sulfate and Hydroxide (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTribenzylsulfonium Hydrogen Sulfate and HydroxideOtto Haas and Gregg DoughertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 6, 1238–1239Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01246a504https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01246a504research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Omega-3 fatty acids: their neuroprotective and regenerative potential in traumatic neurological injury (2009)

AbstractThere is substantial evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have therapeutic potential in neurology and psychiatry. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have dramatic consequences, and no neuroprotective or neuroregenerative treatment is available. The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in SCI and TBI include excitotoxicity associated with increased glutamate, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that omega-3 PUFAs can induce significant neuroprotection in SCI. In rat hemisection and compression SCI, long-chain omega-3 PUFAs such as docosahexaenoic acid, administered within the first hour after injury, can reduce neuronal and glial cell death, limit oxidative stress and the inflammatory cascade triggered by the primary injury, and improve neurological function. Emerging observations in TBI support a similar neuroprotective potential. Omega-3 PUFAs also have neurotrophic properties. These findings support the idea that treatment with omega-3 PUFAs could represent a promising therapeutic approach in the management of neurotrauma, which would be easy to translate to the clinic, considering the well-documented safety and tolerability of these compounds in other indications.Keywords: long-chain omega-3 fatty acidneuroprotectionneuroregenerationspinal cord injurytraumatic brain injury
Titania films deposited by thermal evaporation as humidity sensor (2003)

The humidity sensors based on optical methods are best sui ted fo r those si tu ati ons where remote anal ysi~ capability, hi gh sensitivity and compactness of the device are the criteria for the measurement of humidity levels. The sensing element of optical humidity sensors consi sts of a rutil e structured Ti02 thin tllm deposit ed on th e base of an isosceles glass prism. Such a Ti02 film is porous and highly sensitive to humidity. Li ght from He-Ne laser source enters th e prism from one of the isosceles faces of th e pri sm, and then gets reflected from the glass tllm interface, before emergin g out from the other isosceles face of th e prism. The emergent beam is collected through an optical fiber , which is connected to an opti cal power meter for measurement. Vari ations in th e intensity of li ght caused by changes in humidity lying in the range 5-95% have been record ed.
Neoplastic transformation of a human bronchial epithelial cell line by a recombinant retrovirus encoding viral harvey <i>ras</i> (1988)

Activated ras oncogenes have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of human lung carcinomas. A v-Ha-ras-containing retrovirus, Zip-ras, was generated by inserting the coding region of the v-Ha-ras oncogene into the Zip-NeoSV(X) [Cepko et al., Cell 37:1053-1062, 1984] retroviral vector. Amphotrophic Zip-ras retrovirus was used to infect an SV40 large T antigen-positive immortalized cell line, BEAS-2B, derived from normal bronchial epithelial cells, the predominant progenitor cells of human lung carcinomas. Zip-ras-infected BEAS-2B cells selected for G418 resistance formed anaplastic carcinomas in 12 of 15 athymic nude mice (latency 3 wk), whereas Zip-NeoSV(X)-infected BEAS-2B control cultures inoculated into 12 nude mice formed no tumors after a minimum of 7 mo. Tumor cell lines were established and demonstrated to be of human epithelial origin and to express v-Ha-ras p21 protein. A common feature of the tumor cell lines was an increase in ploidy. The increased efficiency of neoplastic transformation by v-Ha-ras of cell lines as compared with our previous results with normal bronchial epithelial cells [Yoakum et al., Science 227:1174-1179, 1985] is consistent with the hypothesis that the "immortalization" step is rate-limiting in in vitro human epithelial cell carcinogenesis.
Demonstration of a simple CDMA transmitter and receiver using sampled fibre gratings (2002)

A short pulse reflected off a single sampled fibre grating is used as a transmitter and a second sampled fibre grating with a photodiode is used as a receiver. This provides a simple encoding/decoding solution, applicable to optical CDMA networks.
Ethylene signal transduction in Arabidopsis. (2004)

It has been more than a centaury since the identification of ethylene as a gaseous plant hormone, and the effects of ethylene on plants have enabled broad applications in agriculture. Efforts had been made to understand ethylene signal transduction in plants, but it had not been successful until the identification and cloning of the first plant hormone receptor gene, ETR1, in Arabidopsis a decade ago. Comprehensive genetic studies allow the dissecting of the signaling pathway to reveal the components involved, which makes the studies of ethylene signal transduction become one the most-understood signal transduction pathways in plants. The identification of the signaling components and the genetic model of ethylene signal transduction pathway are described in this review.
A New Rate 3/4 Transmit Diversity for Five and Six Transmit Antennas with Phase Feedback (2006)

We present a rate 3/4 transmit diversity scheme for five or six transmit antennas. The new code provides a diversity order 4 and the same rate as quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QOSTBC) which has a diversity order 3. Based on the perfect channel phase feedback (CPF) from the receiver to the transmitter, a precoding is employed at the transmitter to assure the acquirement of the full diversity. We also derive the closed-form expression for phase feedback, which is only the function of the channel gains known to the receiver. Moreover, decoding complexity is reduced by the partial linear and symbol-pair maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. Analyzing and simulation results confirm that the proposed transmit diversity scheme outperforms QOSTBC
Security Vulnerability Analysis in Virtualized Computing Environments (2012)

Virtualization brings compelling features to individual computer systems and organizations allowing for the concurrent execution of multiple operating systems and applications on the same physical server. However, for all the performance improvements offered by adopting virtualization technologies, one of the major obstacles to widespread adoption of virtualization is the concern about security in the technology. Therefore, the security implications in virtualization environments must be addressed and understood because of the exploitation to compromise the operation of missioncritical systems. In this paper, we first discuss common exploits of security properties in virtualized computing environments and analyze their security vulnerabilities from the perspective of attackers. Consequently, we identify the main areas of virtualized information system design and operation in which security concerns must be addressed. Finally, we present our recommendations and future trends for trusted virtualized computing environments.
Epizootiology of Lyme borreliosis. (1991)

Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted from animals to humans by ticks belonging primarily to the Ixodes ricinus complex. Transmission occurs during feeding, either by salivation, regurgitation, or by both processes. Two Eurasian (Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus) and three North American (I. dammini, I. scapularis and I. pacificus) species vector B. burgdorferi to humans. All ticks feed on three different host animals during their lives, and each species parasitizes a relatively large number of different host animals. For example, Ixodes ricinus is known to feed on more than 300 different kinds of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Borrelia burgdorferi has been isolated or detected in 24 different species of mammals or birds. Rodents belonging to the genera Peromyscus and Apodemus are important reservoirs in North America and Europe, respectively. Birds are a natural means of distributing infected ticks long distances during their migratory flights. Reptiles may not support the growth of borreliae. The B31 strain of B. burgdorferi is predominant in north-eastern United States. It is the only strain known to cause disease in humans, and the only one thus far isolated from rodents. In Europe, variants with distinctly different proteins from those found in the B31 strain also are infectious to humans, through they have not been identified with any specific clinical syndrome of Lyme borreliosis. Variants of the B31 strain have been isolated from lagomorphs in the United States.