gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of neutrophil migration and superoxide production by recombinant tumor necrosis factors-alpha and -beta: comparison to recombinant interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 alpha (1987)

We compared the ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (rHuTNF-beta) to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration and superoxide production. Significant PMN migration occurred across polycarbonate filters after stimulation with rHuTNF-alpha at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-10) mol/L and at 10(-7) to 10(-8) mol/L for rHuTNF-beta and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), whereas recombinant human interferon-gamma was only minimally active at 10(-7) mol/L and recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha was inactive at the doses tested. In addition, antibodies to rHuTNF-alpha completely inhibited rHuTNF-alpha but not rHuTNF-beta or FMLP-induced PMN migration. Combinations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta (at similar molar concentrations) stimulated PMN migration levels comparable to that obtained with rHuTNF-alpha alone. Checkerboard analyses performed by placing different concentrations of rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta above and below polycarbonate filters of microchemotaxis chambers demonstrated that rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta stimulated both chemotactic and chemokinetic responses by PMN. Additional studies demonstrated that 1 X 10(-8) mol/L rHuTNF-alpha and 3 X 10(-9) mol/L rHuTNF-beta (which represents 10(4) U/mL of each cytokine) were similar in their ability to induce superoxide production by PMNs; however, at ten- to 100-fold lower molar concentrations (10(3) and 10(2) units), rHuTNF-alpha was significantly more active than rHuTNF-beta. At the doses tested, both cytokines were less active than phorbol myristate acetate at stimulating O2- release. The results demonstrate that rHuTNF-alpha and rHuTNF-beta differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in their effects on PMN functions in vitro and suggest that rHuTNF-beta may be less toxic than rHuTNF-alpha in vivo.
Epidermal stem cells in culture (1988)

Cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes retain many of the characteristics of the tissue from which they are derived, and are therefore useful as an experimental model for studying stem cell properties. The cultures provide evidence that the mechanisms regulating keratinocyte proliferation are complex. The dividing cell compartment is heterogeneous, containing some cells with stem cell characteristics and others that may correspond to transit amplifying cells. The overall growth rate of the cultures is influenced by a wide range of growth stimulatory and inhibitory molecules, but it is not clear whether responsiveness to these factors differs between the different subpopulations of dividing cells. Furthermore, keratinocytes are able to express molecules that regulate their own growth. The cultures are able to achieve at least a partial homeostatic balance between proliferation and terminal differentiation and can regenerate the suprabasal cell layers following injury. Finally, a range of new experimental approaches hold promise for future studies of how keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation are controlled.
High Area-Efficient DC-DC Converter With High Reliability Using Time-Mode Miller Compensation (TMMC) (2013)

This paper presents a novel on-chip compensation scheme, the Time-Mode Miller Compensation (TMMC), for DC-DC converter in which the compensation components are integrated on-chip. Using this proposed scheme, the DC-DC converter is stably compensated and insensitive to process variations, with significantly small compensation components ( 1 pF and 80 kΩ in this work) consuming very small silicon area owing to the characteristic of the TMMC. The small compensation components make the chip size small, with 0.12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of core area (w/o power transistors) using 0.18 μm I/O process. This core size is as small as that of the digital DC-DC converters implemented with less than sub-50 nm process. The measurement result shows that the maximum power efficiency of 90.6% is obtained at the load current of 220 mA with the switching frequency of 1.15 MHz when the input and the output voltages are 3.3 V and 2 V, respectively.
In defense of a common, limited program in the two‐year college (1972)

Abstract This article proposes that while speech‐communication programs in two‐year colleges should be flexible and adaptive to student needs, the common denominator of these needs is the improvement of oral communication skills. Insofar as speech‐communication departments do this they are providing a “service'’ to all students.
Cancer cell-derived microvesicles induce transformation by transferring tissue transglutaminase and fibronectin to recipient cells (2011)

Tumor progression involves the ability of cancer cells to communicate with each other and with neighboring normal cells in their microenvironment. Microvesicles (MV) derived from human cancer cells have received a good deal of attention because of their ability to participate in the horizontal transfer of signaling proteins between cancer cells and to contribute to their invasive activity. Here we show that MV may play another important role in oncogenesis. In particular, we demonstrate that MV shed by two different human cancer cells, MDAMB231 breast carcinoma cells and U87 glioma cells, are capable of conferring onto normal fibroblasts and epithelial cells the transformed characteristics of cancer cells (e.g., anchorage-independent growth and enhanced survival capability) and that this effect requires the transfer of the protein cross-linking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (tTG). We further demonstrate that tTG is not sufficient to transform fibroblasts but rather that it must collaborate with another protein to mediate the transforming actions of the cancer cell-derived MV. Proteomic analyses of the MV derived from MDAMB231 and U87 cells indicated that both these vesicle preparations contained the tTG-binding partner and cross-inking substrate fibronectin (FN). Moreover, we found that tTG cross-links FN in MV from cancer cells and that the ensuing MV-mediated transfers of cross-linked FN and tTG to recipient fibroblasts function cooperatively to activate mitogenic signaling activities and to induce their transformation. These findings highlight a role for MV in the induction of cellular transformation and identify tTG and FN as essential participants in this process.
Parallel and distributed computing handbook (1996)

Introduction. The High Performance Computing Milieu. Theory, Foundations, Algorithms, Models and Paradigms. Architectures and Technologies. Architectures. Technologies. Tools and Applications, Development Tools. Applications: General Issues. Case Studies. Audience.
<i>Zingiber officinale</i> (ginger) compounds have tetracycline‐resistance modifying effects against clinical extensively drug‐resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (2010)

Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) is a growing and serious nosocomial infection worldwide, such that developing new agents against it is critical. The antimicrobial activities of the rhizomes from Zingiber officinale, known as ginger, have not been proven in clinical bacterial isolates with extensive drug-resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four known components of ginger, [6]-dehydrogingerdione, [10]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol, against clinical XDRAB. All these compounds showed antibacterial effects against XDRAB. Combined with tetracycline, they showed good resistance modifying effects to modulate tetracycline resistance. Using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, these four ginger compounds demonstrated antioxidant properties, which were inhibited by MnO₂, an oxidant without antibacterial effects. After the antioxidant property was blocked, their antimicrobial effects were abolished significantly. These results indicate that ginger compounds have antioxidant effects that partially contribute to their antimicrobial activity and are candidates for use in the treatment of infections with XDRAB.
Early stage hot spot analysis through standard cell base random pattern generation (2017)

Due to limited availability of DRC clean patterns during the process and RET recipe development, OPC recipes are not tested with high pattern coverage. Various kinds of pattern can help OPC engineer to detect sensitive patterns to lithographic effects. Random pattern generation is needed to secure robust OPC recipe. However, simple random patterns without considering real product layout style can’t cover patterning hotspot in production levels. It is not effective to use them for OPC optimization thus it is important to generate random patterns similar to real product patterns. This paper presents a strategy for generating random patterns based on design architecture information and preventing hotspot in early process development stage through a tool called Layout Schema Generator (LSG). Using LSG, we generate standard cell based on random patterns reflecting real design cell structure – fin pitch, gate pitch and cell height. The output standard cells from LSG are applied to an analysis methodology to assess their hotspot severity by assigning a score according to their optical image parameters - NILS, MEEF, %PV band and thus potential hotspots can be defined by determining their ranking. This flow is demonstrated on Samsung 7nm technology optimizing OPC recipe and early enough in the process avoiding using problematic patterns.
Approaching the Gaussian channel capacity with APSK constellations (2015)

We consider the Gaussian channel with power constraint P. A gap exists between the channel capacity and the highest achievable rate of equiprobable uniformly spaced signal. Several approaches enable to overcome this limitation such as constellations with non-uniform probability or constellation shaping. In this letter, we focus on constellation shaping. We give a construction of amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) constellations with equiprobable signaling that achieve the Gaussian capacity as the number of constellation points goes to infinity.
Development of 3-DOF finger module for micro manipulation (2003)

A compact and economical 3-DOF finger module for micro manipulation is developed; it is designed for a two-finger micro manipulator which can manipulate micrometer-size objects dexterously like chopsticks. A 3-DOF parallel mechanism for this finger is proposed, and its inverse kinematics between the end effector position and the actuator displacements is formulated. The design parameters are determined so that its workspace volume may be as large as possible. A prototype using three piezo-electric actuators and two types of flexure joints, which are proposed for realizing a compact finger, is developed. The Jacobian matrix used for calculating the actuator displacements corresponding to the given end effector position is obtained by experiments. The repeatability and absolute positioning accuracy-about 2.0 /spl mu/m-of this prototype are evaluated.
Parallel plate radiofrequency ion thruster (1982)

An 8-cm-diam. argon ion thruster is described. It is operated by applying 100 to 160 Mhz rf power across a thin plasma volume in a strongly divergent static magnetic field. No cathode or electron emitter is required to sustain a continuous wave plasma discharge over a broad range of propellant gas flow. Preliminary results indicate that a large fraction of the incident power is being reflected by impedance mismatching in the coupling structure. Resonance effects due to plasma thickness, magnetic field strength, and distribution are presented. Typical discharge losses obtained to date are 500 to 600 W per beam ampere at extracted beam currents up to 60 mA.
New test structures for on-chip absolute and accurate measurement of capacitances in a CMOS process (2002)

A new on-chip capacitance measurement technique is presented. Since no reference devices are required, it allows the absolute determination of constant capacitances and matching errors are greatly reduced. The test structure can be easily scaled to any CMOS process and can be used with unstable or not totally characterized processes. Experimental results show an accuracy better than 5% and a resolution of about 1% for capacitances varying from 4 up to 135 fF.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analyzing temporal API usage patterns (2011)

Software reuse through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) is an integral part of software development. As developers write client programs, their understanding and usage of APIs change over time. Can we learn from long-term changes in how developers work with APIs in the lifetime of a client program? We propose Temporal API Usage Mining to detect significant changes in API usage. We describe a framework to extract detailed models representing addition and removal of calls to API methods over the change history of a client program. We apply machine learning technique to these models to semi-automatically infer temporal API usage patterns, i.e., coherent addition of API calls at different phases in the life-cycle of the client program.
Treatment of Idiopathic Gastroparesis With Injection of Botulinum Toxin Into The Pyloric Sphincter Muscle (2002)

This initial pilot study suggests that botulinum toxin injection into the pylorus in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis improves both gastric emptying and symptoms.
Basic principle and design criteria of axial-flux PM machines having counter-rotating rotors (2002)

Axial-flux PM machines are particularly suitable for application in electrical drives devoted to ship propulsion, since they allow the elimination of the large-power gearbox used in conventional systems. In consideration of that, this paper deals with a novel slotless axial-flux PM machine topology which is characterised by the synchronous counter rotation of the two machine rotors. Such a new machine topology can find application in the direct driving of two counter-rotating propellers, which may be used in propulsion systems to recover energy from rotational flow of the main propeller slip stream. In this case, the use of an axial-flux machine having counter-rotating rotors allows an improvement in terms of weight and efficiency, since the epicyclic gear otherwise required for the motion reversal can be avoided. The paper discusses the stator winding arrangement which allows the opposite motion of the machine rotors and reports experimental results taken from a small-size machine prototype.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bni1p Regulates Microtubule-Dependent Nuclear Migration through the Actin Cytoskeleton in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

The RHO1 gene encodes a yeast homolog of the mammalian RhoA protein. Rho1p is localized to the growth sites and is required for bud formation. We have recently shown that Bni1p is one of the potential downstream target molecules of Rho1p. The BNI1 gene is implicated in cytokinesis and the establishment of cell polarity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae but is not essential for cell viability. In this study, we screened for mutations that were synthetically lethal in combination with a bni1 mutation and isolated two genes. They were the previously identified PAC1 and NIP100 genes, both of which are implicated in nuclear migration in S. cerevisiae. Pac1p is a homolog of human LIS1, which is required for brain development, whereas Nip100p is a homolog of rat p150(Glued), a component of the dynein-activated dynactin complex. Disruption of BNI1 in either the pac1 or nip100 mutant resulted in an enhanced defect in nuclear migration, leading to the formation of binucleate mother cells. The arp1 bni1 mutant showed a synthetic lethal phenotype while the cin8 bni1 mutant did not, suggesting that Bni1p functions in a kinesin pathway but not in the dynein pathway. Cells of the pac1 bni1 and nip100 bni1 mutants exhibited a random distribution of cortical actin patches. Cells of the pac1 act1-4 mutant showed temperature-sensitive growth and a nuclear migration defect. These results indicate that Bni1p regulates microtubule-dependent nuclear migration through the actin cytoskeleton. Bni1p lacking the Rho-binding region did not suppress the pac1 bni1 growth defect, suggesting a requirement for the Rho1p-Bni1p interaction in microtubule function.
Soluble NKG2D ligands are biomarkers associated with the clinical outcome to immune checkpoint blockade therapy of metastatic melanoma patients (2017)

The introduction of immune checkpoint blockade into the clinical practice resulted in improvement of survival of a significant portion of melanoma patients. Consequently, predictive biomarkers of response are needed to optimize patient's stratification and the development of combination therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of soluble NKG2D ligands (MICA, MICB, ULBP1, 2 and 3; sNKG2DLs) in the serum of melanoma patients can serve as useful predictors of response to the treatment with immune checkpoint blockade. sNKG2DLs were measured by ELISA in baseline and post-treatment serum and these results were correlated with the clinical outcome of melanoma patients (<i>N</i> = 194). The same determinations were performed also in a cohort of patients (<i>N</i> = 65) treated with either chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or mutated BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi). Absence of soluble MICB and ULBP-1 in baseline serum correlated with improved survival (OS = 21.6 and 25.3 mo and <i>p</i> = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively) of patients treated with immunological therapies while detectable levels of these molecules were found in poor survivors (OS = 8.8 and 12.1 mo, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that LDH (<i>p</i> <0.0001), sULBP-1 (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and sULBP-2 (<i>p</i> = 0.02) were independent predictors of clinical outcome for the cohort of melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Only LDH but not sNKG2DLs was significantly associated with the clinical outcome of patients treated with standard or BRAFi regimens. These findings highlight the relevance of sNKG2DLs in the serum of melanoma patients as biomarkers for patients' stratification and optimization of immune checkpoint inhibition regimens.
On the complexity of frequency-domain adaptive filtering (1991)

In frequency-domain adaptive filtering (FDAF), the 'crossover point' where the frequency domain becomes more efficient than the time domain is asymptotically 1.5 times as high for a DSP software realization as for a VLSI hardware realization. However, actual software realizations of FDAF may require as much as twice the computation predicted by theory, depending on the processor chosen. The approach can be extended to analyze other FDAF structures, such as multirate filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of the GaInP/AlGaInP band offset (1990)

Low-temperature photoluminescence excitation spectra of disordered Ga0.5In0.5P/Al0.3Ga0.2In0.5P quantum wells lattice matched to (311)B GaAs substrates have been measured for the first time. Transition energies calculated with a k̄⋅p̄ approach agree with experiment within 3 MeV, over the entire range of quantum well thicknesses (Lz=11–109 Å). A conduction-band discontinuity of 0.65±0.05 is derived.
Design and Materials Study on Secondary Structures in Deployable Planetary and Space Habitats (2011)

ILC Dover and Folded Structures Company, under NASA contract, has teamed to develop a novel system to pack and deploy lightweight secondary space structures. Deployable habitat systems offer many advantages such as minimizing launch costs while maximizing operational volume. The change in volume must be fully realized for the expandable system to be worth the complexity. The challenge is creating interior sub systems that efficiently and effectively deploy with the primary structure in a predictable manner. Using unique algorithms, based on polygonal waves, multidirectional folding techniques have been developed that are ideally suited to low mass systems. A hybrid inflatable and composite floor system is designed to demonstrate the new packing and deployment approach. A full scale demonstration of the floor system is planned in an expandable habitat that will exhibit the technology for secondary structures and other deployable space structures.
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in the human prostate and prostate cancer cells: Expression, distribution, and calcium binding activity (2004)

The results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, the expression of TCTP in the human prostate and in prostate cancer cells, and suggest the involvement of the protein in key-processes such as apoptosis, cellular differentiation, and in the control of sperm functions.
Ghrelin acts on the dorsal vagal complex to stimulate pancreatic protein secretion (2006)

Ghrelin receptors are present in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that ghrelin released from the stomach acts as an endocrine substance and stimulates brain stem vagovagal circuitry to evoke pancreatic secretion. In an in vivo anesthetized rat model, an intravenous infusion of ghrelin at doses of 5, 10, and 25 nmol increased pancreatic protein secretion from a basal level of 125 +/- 6 to 186 +/- 8, 295 +/- 12, and 356 +/- 11 mg/h, respectively. Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium or an acute vagotomy, but not a perivagal application of capsaicin, completely abolished pancreatic protein secretion responses to ghrelin. In conscious rats, an intravenous infusion of ghrelin at a dose of 10 nmol resulted in a 2.2-fold increase in pancreatic protein secretion over basal volume. Selective ablation of the area postrema abolished pancreatic protein secretion stimulated by intravenous infusion of ghrelin but did not alter the increase in pancreatic protein secretion evoked by diversion of bile-pancreatic juice. Immunohistochemical staining showed a marked increase in the number of c-Fos-expressing neurons in the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus after an intravenous infusion of ghrelin in sham-lesioned rats; selective ablation of the area postrema eliminated this increase. In conclusion, ghrelin stimulates pancreatic secretion via a vagal cholinergic efferent pathway. Circulating ghrelin gains access to the brain stem vagovagal circuitry via the area postrema, which represents the primary target on which peripheral ghrelin may act as an endocrine substance to stimulate pancreatic secretion.
Real-Time Imaging: Theory, Techniques, and Application (1996)

From the Publisher:
Covering a multidisciplinary range, Real-Time Image Processing offers research critical to applications in robotics, virtual reality, multimedia, industrial inspection, HDTV, advanced simulators, CIM, intelligent vehicles and more. A more advanced treatment than Dougherty and Laplante's Introduction to Real-Time Imaging, this book provides additional and more advanced techniques. Topics covered include image compression, target acquisition and tracking, remote control and sensing, image enhancement and filtering, networking for real-time imaging, advanced computer architectures, computer vision, optical measurement inspection and simulation.
Estimated Number of Infants Detected and Missed by Critical Congenital Heart Defect Screening (2015)

A substantial number of nonsyndromic CCHD cases are likely to be detected through universal CCHD screening; however, an equal number of false-negative screenings, primarily among secondary targets of screening, are likely to occur. Future efforts should document the true impact of CCHD screening in practice.