gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on heteroaromaticity. XXXIII. Chemistry of diazepines. Photochemical intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of substituted 1-ethoxycarbonyliminopyridinium ylides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on heteroaromaticity. XXXIII. Chemistry of diazepines. Photochemical intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of substituted 1-ethoxycarbonyliminopyridinium ylidesTadashi Sasaki, Ken Kanematsu, Akikazu Kakehi, Izuo Ichikawa, and Kenji HayakawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 2, 426–433Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00827a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00827a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time‐resolved electroabsorption measurement of carrier velocity in inverted polarity In<sub>1‐<i>x</i></sub>Ga<i><sub>x</sub></i> N/GaN heterostructures due to internal electric fields (2014)

Abstract Carrier transport measurements were made in a c ‐plane inverted‐polarity n ‐GaN/ i ‐In 1– x Ga x N/ p ‐GaN heterostructure with a 200 nm thick In 1– x Ga x N layer using ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. Time‐domain THz measurements indicate that the direction of electron transport is dominated by drift towards the n ‐GaN layer. Time‐resolved electroabsorption measurements were used to determine carrier velocities by monitoring the change in transmission of a probe beam tuned to the In 1‐ x Ga x N absorption edge due to the transport of photogenerated carriers under the built‐in internal electric field. Carrier transit times associated with screening of the electroabsorption are resolved at the lowest injection level. The signal rise time shows two distinct time scales, which correspond to an electron velocity of 3.3 ± 0.5 x 10 7 cm/s and a hole velocity of 6.7 ± 0.3 x 10 6 cm/s in an internal electric field of ∼150 kV/cm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electropolymerizable Conjugated Polymers with High Contrast in Infrared Region (2012)

Two conjugated molecules have been designed and synthesized for preparing electrochromic thin film devices on the surface of electrodes through electropolymerization. These devices exhibit good contrast at around 80% in mid-infrared region and rapid response time, especially EP02 which could be switched between on and off state in around 1 s. The interesting electrochromic properties and easy processable properties open the door to electrochromic applications using large or flexible surfaces such as IR shutters and apertures.
The Kinetics of the Reactions of Phenyl Isocyanate with Certain Thiols<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Reactions of Phenyl Isocyanate with Certain Thiols1Elizabeth Dyer and John F. GlennCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 2, 366–369Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01559a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01559a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recognition and management of pyoderma gangrenosum (2012)

Sunita Aggarwal discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this ulcerative skin disease and highlights issues to be aware of when prescribing
The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade (2018)

The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis "has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade." Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
Increased Serum Interleukin-8 in Patients with Early and Metastatic Breast Cancer Correlates with Early Dissemination and Survival (2004)

Serum IL-8 is increased in patients with breast cancer and has an independent prognostic significance for postrelapse survival. The observations on the relationship between occult cytokeratin-positive bone marrow cells corroborate the concept of IL-8 acting as a contributor to the process of tumor cell dissemination. Similarly, the relationship between serum IL-8 and nodal stage at presentation deserves further study. These results further expand the concept that inflammation and inflammatory cytokines are critical components of tumor progression.
On bit-serial packet routing for the mesh and the torus (2002)

The bit-serial routing problem wherein each packet consists of a sequence of k flits and is thus called a snake, is considered. On the basis of the properties of the snake during the routing, a formal definition is given for three different packet routing models, namely, the store-and-forward model, the cut-through model, and the wormhole model. The wormhole model, which is most commonly used in practice, is studied. The first algorithms (deterministic and probabilistic) based on the wormhole model for the permutation routing problem on a chain, on a square mesh, and on a square torus are given. A new lower bound is derived for distance-limited permutation routing on a ring of processors, and an algorithm that matches this lower bound if the packets are routed independently is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Benzopyranones and benzothiopyranones: a class of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors with selectivity for the v-abl kinase. (1992)

Abelson murine leukemia virus is an acutely transforming replication-defective virus which encodes a transforming protein with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. A variety of benzopyranone and benzothiopyranone derivatives have been identified which selectively inhibit the v-abl tyrosine protein kinase with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 microM. The most active derivative inhibited v-abl with a Ki value of 0.9 microM. Active derivatives showed selectivity for the v-abl tyrosine protein kinase relative to the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine protein kinase (50% inhibitory concentration greater than 100 microM). Protein kinase C and protein kinase A, two members of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, were not inhibited by benzopyranones or benzothiopyranones (50% inhibitory concentration greater than 100 microM). Kinetically, a representative derivative (compound 2) showed competitivity with respect to ATP and noncompetitive behavior with respect to the exogenous peptide substrate. Autophosphorylation of p120v-abl and recombinant p70v-abl tyrosine protein kinases were also inhibited by benzopyranones and benzothiopyranones in vitro. When tested in Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed BALB/c cell, active benzopyranone and benzothiopyranone derivatives inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins by the v-abl tyrosine protein kinase.
Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation <i>in vivo</i> (2019)

The addition of gelling polysaccharides to sport-drinks may provide improved tolerability of drinks with high concentration of digestible carbohydrates (CHO), otherwise known to increase the risk of gastro-intestinal complaints among athletes under prolonged exercise. The physico-chemical properties of a drink containing 14 wt% of digestible CHO (0.7 : 1 fructose and maltodextrin-ratio), 0.2 wt% of HM-pectin/alginate and 0.06 wt%. sodium chloride were examined under in vitro gastric conditions using rheology and large deformation testing. The in vivo gelling behaviour of the drink was studied using magnetic resonance imaging of subjects at rest together with blood glucose measurements. The in vivo results confirm gelation of the test drink, with no gel remaining in the stomach at 60 min and blood glucose values were similar to control. The physico-chemical characterisation of the acidified test drink confirms the formation of a weak gel through which low Mw CHO can diffuse.
c-Met Expression Is Regulated by Mitf in the Melanocyte Lineage (2006)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling is thought to be a key pathway in both melanocyte development and melanoma metastasis. Here, HGF stimulation of melanocytes was seen to up-regulate c-Met expression. In an effort to decipher the mechanism by which HGF up-regulates its receptor, we found that c-Met is a direct transcriptional target of Mitf. This was confirmed with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments of the human c-Met promoter, as well as by the ability of adenovirally expressed Mitf to modulate endogenous c-Met protein levels in melanocytes. Disruption of Mitf blocked HGF-dependent increases in endogenous c-Met message and protein levels, indicating that HGF regulates its own receptor levels via Mitf. Finally, dominant-negative inhibition of Mitf resulted in profound resistance of melanocytes and melanoma cells to HGF-dependent matrix invasion, suggesting a physiologic role for this pathway in melanocytic development and melanoma.
Enabling Functional Neural Circuit Simulations with Distributed Computing of Neuromodulated Plasticity (2010)

A major puzzle in the field of computational neuroscience is how to relate system-level learning in higher organisms to synaptic plasticity. Recently, plasticity rules depending not only on pre- and post-synaptic activity but also on a third, non-local neuromodulatory signal have emerged as key candidates to bridge the gap between the macroscopic and the microscopic level of learning. Crucial insights into this topic are expected to be gained from simulations of neural systems, as these allow the simultaneous study of the multiple spatial and temporal scales that are involved in the problem. In particular, synaptic plasticity can be studied during the whole learning process, i.e., on a time scale of minutes to hours and across multiple brain areas. Implementing neuromodulated plasticity in large-scale network simulations where the neuromodulatory signal is dynamically generated by the network itself is challenging, because the network structure is commonly defined purely by the connectivity graph without explicit reference to the embedding of the nodes in physical space. Furthermore, the simulation of networks with realistic connectivity entails the use of distributed computing. A neuromodulated synapse must therefore be informed in an efficient way about the neuromodulatory signal, which is typically generated by a population of neurons located on different machines than either the pre- or post-synaptic neuron. Here, we develop a general framework to solve the problem of implementing neuromodulated plasticity in a time-driven distributed simulation, without reference to a particular implementation language, neuromodulator, or neuromodulated plasticity mechanism. We implement our framework in the simulator NEST and demonstrate excellent scaling up to 1024 processors for simulations of a recurrent network incorporating neuromodulated spike-timing dependent plasticity.
2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline copper(I) complexes with some sulphur-containing amino acids (1983)

Complexes of [Cu(dmphen)n]+(dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; n= 1 or 2) with several of the biologically relevant sulphur amino acids L (L = cysteine, penicillamine, methionine, N-acetylcysteine, and N-acetylpenicillamine) have been synthesized and characterised. I.r, and 1H n.m.r. spectral results indicate that the amino group is protonated in the complexes containing sulphydryl amino acids; the carboxylic group remains unionised in complexes isolated from strongly acidic media while that in complexes isolated from nearly neutral solution ionises and co-ordinates to the CuI centre through one of the oxygen atoms. The CuI–S(sulphydryl) interaction in all complexes is exclusively one of sulphur→copper(I)σ donation, as supported by the relative magnitudes of the Cu–S stretching frequencies.
Coupling Reaction of CO2 with Epoxides by Binary Catalytic System of Lewis Acids and Onium Salts (2006)

Various off-the-shelf Lewis acids in conjunction with various onium salts are screened for coupling reaction of <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> with epoxides. Among the tested ones, <TEX>$VCl_3/n-Bu_4NOAc$</TEX>, <TEX>$VCl_3/(n-Bu_4NCl$</TEX> or PPNCl), <TEX>$FeCl_3/ n-Bu_4NOAc$</TEX>, and <TEX>$FeCl_3/ n-Bu_4NOAc$</TEX>are proved to be highly active. Propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide can be converted over 90% yields to the corresponding cyclic carbonates without the use of organic solvents under mild conditions by 0.1-1.0 mol% catalyst charge.
Infectious Agents Are Not Necessary for Murine Atherogenesis (2000)

Recent work has revealed correlations between bacterial or viral infections and atherosclerotic disease. One particular bacterium, Chlamydia pneumoniae, has been observed at high frequency in human atherosclerotic lesions, prompting the hypothesis that infectious agents may be necessary for the initiation or progression of atherosclerosis. To determine if responses to gram-negative bacteria are necessary for atherogenesis, we first bred atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein (apo) E(-/)- (deficient) mice with animals incapable of responding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Atherogenesis was unaffected in doubly deficient animals. We further tested the role of infectious agents by creating a colony of germ-free apo E(-/)- mice. These animals are free of all microbial agents (bacterial, viral, and fungal). Atherosclerosis in germ-free animals was not measurably different from that in animals raised with ambient levels of microbial challenge. These studies show that infection is not necessary for murine atherosclerosis and that, unlike peptic ulcer, Koch's postulates cannot be fulfilled for any infectious agent in atherosclerosis.
Cisgender Privilege, Intersectionality, and the Criminalization of CeCe McDonald: Why Intercultural Communication Needs Transgender Studies (2013)

Abstract Intercultural communication scholars should address the lives of transgender persons and the (inter)discipline of transgender studies to develop our theorizing about gender and intersectionality and intervene in the violence against trans* persons. In this essay, the author presents the concepts of cisgender, cisprivilege, cissexism, and intersectionality and examines their relevance for persons who are transgender and for the field of intercultural communication. The author also applies these terms by analyzing the criminalization of CeCe McDonald, an African American, transfeminine woman who was assaulted and imprisoned for defending herself outside a Minneapolis, Minnesota bar in June 2011.
Azabenzocycloheptenones. Part VIII. Further observations in the dibenz[b,d]azepin-7-one field (1968)

A compound formerly believed to be a monomeric dibenzazatropone is shown to be a dimer and to yield a bisazatropone on oxidation. The monomeric dibenzazatropone, 6-ethoxy-7-oxodibenz[b,d]azepine, has been prepared. Syntheses and reactions of further N-toluene-p-sulphonyl 6-substituted dibenz[b,d]azepinones with bases have been studied.
Comprehensive Analysis and Simulation of Multilevel Power Converters to Curtail Total Harmonic Distortion (2015)

Present day industrial applications require higher power apparatus for power conversion. At medium voltage grid, to connect only one power semiconductor switch directly is a not practically successful concept. To overcome this multilevel power converter structure has been introduced and studied as an alternative in high power and medium voltage applications. Renewable energy sources like photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells can be conveniently interfaced to a multilevel converter system for high power applications. In this study it is discussed in detail for different levels of the multilevel converters using pulse width modulation technique (PWM) the harmonics contents decreases gradually. The simulated results are presented and compared thereafter. Total harmonic distortion decreases as the number of levels increased are tabulated accordingly. All the simulation results are carried out under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Periapical status, prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in an adult French population (2002)

The results of the present study indicate that many root-canal treatments were technically unsatisfactory in terms of quality and treatment outcome. There is a need for endodontic retreatment in the population examined.
A Real‐Time Electrochemical Impedance Analysis for Water‐In‐Oil Emulsions of Bitumen Diluted with Naphtha (2018)

Abstract In this paper, water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions of bitumen diluted with naphtha were characterized by a novel impedance technique in real time. Nyquist diagrams of electrochemical impedance spectra obtained for different systems present different spectra. For the system of bitumen in naphtha, only one semi‐circle is observed, and the resistance (R O ) and capacitor (C O ) are connected in parallel. Impedance measurement shows that the conductivity of bitumen results from the conductive components, asphaltenes. For the system containing W/O emulsions, Nyquist diagram is presented in two semicircles with different diameter, indicating different relaxation times corresponding to bitumen in naphtha and W/O emulsions respectively. The R O and C O are in parallel combination and then connect in series with the resistance (R W/O ) and capacitor (C W/O ) of W/O emulsions. The value of R W/O reduces with the decrease of volume fraction of W/O emulsions, which can be used to characterize the stability of emulsions. At the same time, the impedance spectra analysis plays an important role in the study of demulsification of W/O emulsions by comparing the R W/O after adding demulsifier ethylcellulose (EC). With the increase of EC concentration, the R W/O reduces and eventually disappears due to the decrease of volume fraction of emulsions. Further work needs to be studied to establish the relationship between dielectric constant and volume fraction of emulsions.
Review: <i>Why War came in Korea</i>, by Robert T. Oliver; <i>The Epic of Korea</i>, by A. Wigfall Green; and <i>American Military Government in Korea</i>, by E. Grant Meade (1951)

Book Review| February 07 1951 Review: Why War came in Korea, by Robert T. Oliver; The Epic of Korea, by A. Wigfall Green; and American Military Government in Korea, by E. Grant Meade Why War came in KoreaRobert T. OliverThe Epic of KoreaA. Wigfall GreenAmerican Military Government in KoreaE. Grant Meade J. Franklin Ray,, Jr. J. Franklin Ray,, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1951) 20 (3): 31–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/3024399 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. Franklin Ray,; Review: Why War came in Korea, by Robert T. Oliver; The Epic of Korea, by A. Wigfall Green; and American Military Government in Korea, by E. Grant Meade. Far Eastern Survey 7 February 1951; 20 (3): 31–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3024399 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Instantaneous channel fluctuation based scheduling for bursty traffic in OFDMA system (2011)

Future wireless communication system will provide a wide range of multimedia service while guaranteeing the required QoS of mobile users. Scheduling is one of key techniques and plays an important role in QoS provision. In OFDMA system, conventional subcarrier allocation method does not consider the impact of scheduling results on the following subcarriers, while the performance will be influenced by the order of subcarrier allocation, especially for bursty traffic. In this paper, an instantanous channel fluctuation based scheduling scheme is proposed, which exploits resource plane and user plane instantaneous channel fluctuation for bursty traffic in OFDMA system. These two schemes can be jointly used simultaneously to further enhanced both cell average and cell edge user throughput. Simulation results demonstrate that a large potential gain can be exploited for bursty traffic with our proposed scheduling scheme.