gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Perimenopausal Depression: Summary and Recommendations (2018)

There is a new appreciation of the perimenopause-defined as the early and late menopause transition stages as well as the early postmenopause-as a window of vulnerability for the development of both depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes. However, clinical recommendations on how to identify, characterize and treat clinical depression are lacking. To address this gap, an expert panel was convened to systematically review the published literature and develop guidelines on the evaluation and management of perimenopausal depression. The areas addressed included: (1) epidemiology; (2) clinical presentation; (3) therapeutic effects of antidepressants; (4) effects of hormone therapy; and (5) efficacy of other therapies (e.g., psychotherapy, exercise, and natural health products). Overall, evidence generally suggests that most midlife women who experience a major depressive episode during the perimenopause have experienced a prior episode of depression. Midlife depression presents with classic depressive symptoms commonly in combination with menopause symptoms (i.e., vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbance), and psychosocial challenges. Menopause symptoms complicate, co-occur, and overlap with the presentation of depression. Diagnosis involves identification of menopausal stage, assessment of co-occurring psychiatric and menopause symptoms, appreciation of the psychosocial factors common in midlife, differential diagnoses, and the use of validated screening instruments. Proven therapeutic options for depression (i.e., antidepressants, psychotherapy) are the front-line treatments for perimenopausal depression. Although estrogen therapy is not approved to treat perimenopausal depression, there is evidence that it has antidepressant effects in perimenopausal women, particularly those with concomitant vasomotor symptoms. Data on estrogen plus progestin are sparse and inconclusive.
Progesterone receptor gene polymorphism is associated with decreased risk for breast cancer by age 50. (2000)

In a population-based case-control study for breast cancer before the age of 51 years, 554 cases and 559 age-matched controls were genotyped for the polymorphic progesterone receptor allele PROGINS. Breast cancer risk was decreased in women carrying the PROGINS allele. The odds ratio adjusted for age and study region was 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58-1.00]. Compared with wild-type A1/A1 homozygotes, the odds ratio for A1/A2 heterozygotes and A2/A2 homozygotes was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.62-1.08) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.10-0.74), respectively, suggesting a gene dosage effect of the A2 allele. There was suggestive evidence for a differential effect by menopausal status (P = 0.07) and by family history of breast cancer (P = 0.15).
The chemoenzymatic synthesis of clofarabine and related 2′-deoxyfluoroarabinosyl nucleosides: the electronic and stereochemical factors determining substrate recognition by <i>E. coli</i> nucleoside phosphorylases (2014)

Two approaches to the synthesis of 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (1, clofarabine) were studied. The first approach consists in the chemical synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose-1-phosphate (12a, (2F)Ara-1P) via three step conversion of 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranose (9) into the phosphate 12a without isolation of intermediary products. Condensation of 12a with 2-chloroadenine catalyzed by the recombinant E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) resulted in the formation of clofarabine in 67% yield. The reaction was also studied with a number of purine bases (2-aminoadenine and hypoxanthine), their analogues (5-aza-7-deazaguanine and 8-aza-7-deazahypoxanthine) and thymine. The results were compared with those of a similar reaction with α-D-arabinofuranose-1-phosphate (13a, Ara-1P). Differences of the reactivity of various substrates were analyzed by ab initio calculations in terms of the electronic structure (natural purines vs analogues) and stereochemical features ((2F)Ara-1P vs Ara-1P) of the studied compounds to determine the substrate recognition by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases. The second approach starts with the cascade one-pot enzymatic transformation of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose into the phosphate 12a, followed by its condensation with 2-chloroadenine thereby affording clofarabine in ca. 48% yield in 24 h. The following recombinant E. coli enzymes catalyze the sequential conversion of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose into the phosphate 12a: ribokinase (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranose-5-phosphate), phosphopentomutase (PPN; no 1,6-diphosphates of D-hexoses as co-factors required) (12a), and finally PNP. The substrate activities of D-arabinose, D-ribose and D-xylose in the similar cascade syntheses of the relevant 2-chloroadenine nucleosides were studied and compared with the activities of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinose. As expected, D-ribose exhibited the best substrate activity [90% yield of 2-chloroadenosine (8) in 30 min], D-arabinose reached an equilibrium at a concentration of ca. 1:1 of a starting base and the formed 2-chloro-9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (6) in 45 min, the formation of 2-chloro-9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine (7) proceeded very slowly attaining ca. 8% yield in 48 h.
Suppressing the Loss of Ultracold Molecules Via the Continuous Quantum Zeno Effect (2014)

We investigate theoretically the suppression of two-body losses when the on-site loss rate is larger than all other energy scales in a lattice. This work quantitatively explains the recently observed suppression of chemical reactions between two rotational states of fermionic KRb molecules confined in one-dimensional tubes with a weak lattice along the tubes [Yan et al., Nature (London) 501, 521 (2013)]. New loss rate measurements performed for different lattice parameters but under controlled initial conditions allow us to show that the loss suppression is a consequence of the combined effects of lattice confinement and the continuous quantum Zeno effect. A key finding, relevant for generic strongly reactive systems, is that while a single-band theory can qualitatively describe the data, a quantitative analysis must include multiband effects. Accounting for these effects reduces the inferred molecule filling fraction by a factor of 5. A rate equation can describe much of the data, but to properly reproduce the loss dynamics with a fixed fillingfraction for all lattice parameters we develop a mean-field model and benchmark it with numerically exacttime-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations.
Characterization of dielectric crystals by light scattering tomography (1993)

Abstract Optical characterization of dielectric crystals is very useful if they include heavy elements as constituent components of the crystals. The principle of light scattering tomography (LST), which has been developed as laser scanning ultramicroscopy, and some results obtained by LST are reviewed here.
Sequencing bilateral and unilateral task-oriented training versus task oriented training alone to improve arm function in individuals with chronic stroke (2014)

Sequentially combining a proximal bilateral before a unilateral task-oriented training may be an effective way to facilitate gains in arm and hand function in those with moderate to severe paresis post-stroke compared to unilateral task oriented training alone.
A new algorithm in spectral analysis and band-limited extrapolation (1975)

If only a segment of a function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f (t)</tex> is given, then its Fourier spectrum <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F(\omega)</tex> is estimated either as the transform of the product of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f(t)</tex> with a time-limited window <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w(t)</tex> , or by certain techniques based on various a priori assumptions. In the following, a new algorithm is proposed for computing the transform of a band-limited function. The algorithm is a simple iteration involving only the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The effect of noise and the error due to aliasing are determined and it is shown that they can be controlled by early termination of the iteration. The proposed method can also be used to extrapolate bandlimited functions.
Studies on Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)<sup>1</sup> Analogs. II. Structural Variations on Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)<sup>2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)1 Analogs. II. Structural Variations on Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)2Fred Baiocchi, C. C. Cheng, W. J. Haggerty Jr., Leland R. Lewis, T. K. Liao, Wayne H. Nyberg, Darrell E. O'Brien, and Eugene G. PodrebaracCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 4, 431–435Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00340a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (498 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Biocompatibility and surface structure of chemically modified immunoisolating alginate‐PLL capsules (2003)

Grafting of encapsulated living cells has the potential to cure a wide variety of diseases. Large-scale application of the technique, however, is hampered by insufficient biocompatibility of the capsules. A major factor in the biocompatibility of capsules is inadequate covering of the inflammatory poly-L-lysine (PLL) on the capsules' surface. In the present study, we investigate whether tissue responses against alginate-PLL capsules can be reduced by crosslinking the surface of the capsules with heparin or polyacrylic acid. Our transplant study in rats shows a tissue response composed of fibroblasts and macrophages on alginate-PLL-alginate and alginate-PLL-heparin capsules that was completely absent on alginate-PLL-polyacrylic acid capsules. Atomic force microscopy analyses of the capsules demonstrates that the improved biocompatibility of alginate-PLL-capsules by polyacrylic acid coating should not only be explained by a more adequate binding of PLL but also by the induction of a smoother surface. This study shows for the first time that biologic responses against capsules can be successfully deleted by chemically crosslinking biocompatible molecules on the surface of alginate-PLL capsules.
The General Atomics Low Speed Urban Maglev Technology Development Program (2003)

The overall objective of this program is to develop magnetic levitation technology that is a cost effective, reliable, and environmentally friendly option for urban mass transportation in the United States. Maglev is a revolutionary approach in which trains are supported by magnetic forces without any wheels contacting the rail surfaces. The Urban Maglev Program is sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration and funded under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). An innovative approach for Urban Maglev has emerged that involves an entirely passive, permanent magnet levitation system with an efficient linear synchronous motor powering the guideway to provide propulsion. The system is unique in that operates with a large air gap of 25 mm with no feedback control required for stable levitation; furthermore, the packaging of the levitation magnets allows the vehicle to accommodate a very tight turn radius of 18.3 m. The studies show that the General Atomics Urban Maglev system offers many attractive benefits, including very quiet operation, the ability to operate in challenging terrain with steep grades and tight turns, all-weather operation, low maintenance, rapid acceleration, and the potential for high speed.
Effective Utilization of Evolving Methods for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infection (2011)

To the Editor-I read the very wellwritten article by Kufelnicka and Kirn
Suspension system design study for a tuning fork vibratory MEMS gyroscope (2008)

A four-degree-of-freedom gyroscope dynamical model is presented to improve the performance of a tuning fork vibratory MEMS gyroscope. The effects of the driving and sensing micromachined spring beams for the performance of the gyroscope are investigated. Two new types of micromachined spring beams named the "two-sect" driving and "three-sect" sensing spring beams are designed and their stiffness equations are deduced. The evaluation function of the dynamic performance of the gyroscope with improved suspension system can be obtained. A numerical example with finite element analysis for comparison is employed to validate the dynamical analysis. The result shows that the optimized gyroscope has good robustness and high sensitivity. The work is not only suitable for the tuning fork vibratory MEMS gyroscope, but also has an important reference value for other MEMS design of products.
Apoptotic-Regulatory and Complement-Protecting Protein Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Relationship to In Vivo Rituximab Resistance (2003)

Purpose: Rituximab has clinical activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and has a variety of proposed mechanisms, including apoptosis, complement-dependent cell lysis (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here we examine pretreatment biologic features that promote resistance to apoptosis and CDC in CLL patients and correlate it with clinical outcome to rituximab-based therapy. Patients and Methods: Pretreatment samples from 21 CLL patients treated on a prospective, single-agent rituximab trial were examined for quantitative expression of apoptotic and CDC regulatory proteins, and the level of expression of these proteins was correlated with clinical outcome. Results: Of the 21 patents for whom samples were available, 10 attained a partial response and 11 failed to respond to rituximab therapy. The mean pretreatment expression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, XIAP, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were higher but not statistically increased in nonresponding patients versus those responding to treatment. In contrast, the pretreatment Mcl-1/Bax ratio was significantly elevated (0.82 ± 0.28 v 0.39 ± 0.29, P < .016) in nonresponding patients compared with patients responding to rituximab therapy. Although pretreatment expression of CD55 and CD59 was not associated with response to rituximab therapy, significantly higher levels of CD59 were observed in the CLL cells that were not cleared from the blood at completion of therapy than the level observed at baseline levels (P = .02). Conclusion: These data indicate that baseline expression of the Mcl-1/Bax ratio, but not CD55 and CD59, predict for clinical response to rituximab therapy in CLL patients. Further study of disrupted apoptosis in CLL as a potential mechanism of resistance to rituximab appears warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of Indium Pertechnetate and Indium Perrhenate. (1987)

Abstract The title compounds are prepared according to known procedures and investigated by chemical, thermal, X‐ray and IR analysis.
Calibración de los datos visuales con boyas en el Mar de Alborán y su aplicación al cálculo del transporte sólido. (1994)

This article is the result of a comparative study between wave data observed visually and that recorded by buoys, and is a continuation and updating of the, results that appeared in the article Calibration of the visual data in the Alboran Sea with that recorded by buoys, published in 1990, in n. o77 of this journal. Visual wave observations made by the British Meteorological Office (NOB) have also been included.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist as an angiogenic inhibitor in prostate cancer (2006)

Candesartan exerted preventive effects on HRPC, rather than on androgen-sensitive PCa, through the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
Induction of hypothermia in patients with various types of neurologic injury with use of large volumes of ice-cold intravenous fluid* (2005)

Induction of hypothermia by means of cold-fluid infusion combined with ice-water cooling blankets is safe, efficacious, and quick. Because the speed of cooling is important to increase its protective effects, we recommend that cold-fluid infusion be used in all patients treated with induced hypothermia. This should be combined with another method to safely and accurately maintain hypothermia once target temperatures have been reached.
Recent Progress in Widely Tunable Single-Mode Room Temperature Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Sources (2015)

We present the operating principle, design, and performance of external-cavity (EC) and monolithic terahertz (THz) tuners based on intracavity difference-frequency generation (DFG) in midinfrared (mid-IR) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). A DFG-QCL gain chip employed in a Littrow-type THz EC system was optimized for wide tunability in 1-6 THz range using broad mid-IR gain bandwidth active region with integrated optical nonlinearity and Cherenkov THz phase-matching scheme. The EC system demonstrated ultrabroadband single-mode tuning from 1.2 to 5.9 THz. Beam steering in THz far field due to refractive index dispersion of InP substrate has been successfully suppressed by bonding the QCL chip on a high-resistivity silicon substrate. We also discuss the design of compact widely tunable monolithic THz DFG-QCL sources. Devices use two electrically isolated grating sections for independent electronic tuning of the two mid-IR pump frequencies. THz DFG frequency tuning from 3.44 to 4.02 THz, corresponding to 580 GHz or 15% of center frequency, is obtained.
Silicon photonic polarization beamsplitter and rotator for on-chip polarization control (2016)

Polarization beamsplitters (PBSs) and polarization rotators (PRs) are essential components for polarization control in silicon photonic integrated circuits. Here, we review our recent work on both component and circuit designs for polarization control.
Smartphone Fingerprinting Via Motion Sensors: Analyzing Feasibility at Large-Scale and Studying Real Usage Patterns (2016)

Advertisers are increasingly turning to fingerprinting techniques to track users across the web. As web browsing activity shifts to mobile platforms, traditional browser fingerprinting techniques become less effective; however, device fingerprinting using built-in sensors offers a new avenue for attack. We study the feasibility of using motion sensors to perform device fingerprinting at scale, and explore countermeasures that can be used to protect privacy. We perform a large-scale user study to demonstrate that motion sensor fingerprinting is effective with even 500 users. We also develop a model to estimate prediction accuracy for larger user populations; our model provides a conservative estimate of at least 12% classification accuracy with 100000 users. We then investigate the use of motion sensors on the web and find, distressingly, that many sites send motion sensor data to servers for storage and analysis, paving the way to potential fingerprinting. Finally, we consider the problem of developing fingerprinting countermeasures; we evaluate a previously proposed obfuscation technique and a newly developed quantization technique via a user study. We find that both techniques are able to drastically reduce fingerprinting accuracy without significantly impacting the utility of the sensors in web applications.
Structural Features of Nectin-2 (HveB) Required for Herpes Simplex Virus Entry (2001)

One step in the process of herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into cells is the binding of viral glycoprotein D (gD) to a cellular receptor. Human nectin-2 (also known as HveB and Prr2), a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, serves as a gD receptor for the entry of HSV-2, variant forms of HSV-1 that have amino acid substitutions at position 25 or 27 of gD (for example, HSV-1/Rid), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV). The gD binding region of nectin-2 is believed to be localized to the N-terminal variable-like (V) Ig domain. In order to identify specific amino acid sequences in nectin-2 that are important for HSV entry activity, chimeric molecules were constructed by exchange of sequences between human nectin-2 and its mouse homolog, mouse nectin-2, which mediates entry of PRV but not HSV-1 or HSV-2. The nectin-2 chimeric molecules were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which normally lack a gD receptor, and tested for cell surface expression and viral entry activity. As expected, chimeric molecules containing the V domain of human nectin-2 exhibited HSV entry activity. Replacement of either of two small regions in the V domain of mouse nectin-2 with amino acids from the equivalent positions in human nectin-2 (amino acids 75 to 81 or 89) transferred HSV-1/Rid entry activity to mouse nectin-2. The resulting chimeras also exhibited enhanced HSV-2 entry activity and gained the ability to mediate wild-type HSV-1 entry. Replacement of amino acid 89 of human nectin-2 with the corresponding mouse amino acid (M89F) eliminated HSV entry activity. These results identify two different amino acid sequences, predicted to lie adjacent to the C' and C" beta-strands of the V domain, that are critical for HSV entry activity. This region is homologous to the human immunodeficiency virus binding region of CD4 and to the poliovirus binding region of CD155.
Peptides and proteins (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions Biological functions of peptides and proteins in the skin Proteins Conclusions References
Mechanisms of Methods for Hepatitis C Virus Inactivation (2014)

Virus inactivation by chemical disinfectants is an important instrument for infection control in medical settings, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of several antiviral treatments on hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles as model for enveloped viruses. Studies were performed with authentic cell culture-derived viruses, and the influence of chemical disinfectants, heat, and UV treatment on HCV was analyzed by the determination of infectious particles in a limiting-dilution assay, by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, by core enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and by proteolytic protection assay. All different inactivation methods resulted in a loss of HCV infectivity by targeting different parts of the virus particle. Alcohols such as ethanol and 2-propanol did not affect the viral RNA genome integrity but disrupted the viral envelope membrane in a capsid protection assay. Heat and UV treatment of HCV particles resulted in direct damage of the viral genome since transfection of viral particle-associated RNA into permissive cells did not initiate RNA replication. In addition, heat incubation at 80°C disrupted the HCV envelope, rendering the viral capsid susceptible to proteolytic digest. This study demonstrated the molecular processes of viral inactivation of an enveloped virus and should facilitate the development of effective disinfection strategies in infection control not only against HCV but also against other enveloped viruses.