gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NAC domain function and transcriptional control of a secondary cell wall master switch (2011)

NAC domain transcription factors act as master switches for secondary cell wall thickening, but how they exert their function and how their expression is regulated remains unclear. Here we identify a loss-of-function point mutation in the NST1 gene of Medicago truncatula. The nst1-3 mutant shows no lignification in interfascicular fibers, as previously seen in tnt1 transposon insertion alleles. However, the C→A transversion, which causes a T94K mutation in the NST1 protein, leads to increased NST1 expression. Introduction of the same mutation into the Arabidopsis homolog SND1 causes both protein mislocalization and loss of target DNA binding, with a resultant inability to trans-activate downstream secondary wall synthesis genes. Furthermore, trans-activation assays show that the expression of SND1 operates under positive feedback control from itself, and SND1 was shown to bind directly to a conserved motif in its own promoter, located within a recently described 19-bp secondary wall NAC binding element. Three MYB transcription factors downstream of SND1, one of which is directly regulated by SND1, exert negative regulation on SND1 promoter activity. Our results identify a conserved amino acid critical for NST1/SND1 function, and show that the expression of the NAC master switch itself is under both positive (autoregulatory) and negative control.
A wearable electrochemical sensor for the real-time measurement of sweat sodium concentration (2010)

We report a new method for the real-time quantitative analysis of sodium in human sweat, consolidating sweat collection and analysis in a single, integrated, wearable platform. This temporal data opens up new possibilities in the study of human physiology, broadly applicable from assessing high performance athletes to monitoring Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sufferers. Our compact Sodium Sensor Belt (SSB) consists of a sodium selective Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) integrated into a platform that can be interfaced with the human body during exercise. No skin cleaning regime or sweat storage technology is required as the sweat is continually wicked from the skin to a sensing surface and from there to a storage area via a fabric pump. Our results suggest that after an initial equilibration period, a steady-state sodium plateau concentration was reached. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used as a reference method, and this has confirmed the accuracy of the new continuous monitoring approach. The steady-state concentrations observed were found to fall within ranges previously found in the literature, which further validates the approach. Daily calibration repeatability (n = 4) was ±3.0% RSD and over a three month period reproducibility was ±12.1% RSD (n = 56). As a further application, we attempted to monitor the sweat of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sufferers using the same device. We observed high sodium concentrations symptomatic of CF (∼60 mM Na+) for two CF patients, with no conclusive results for the remaining patients due to their limited exercising capability, and high viscosity/low volume of sweat produced.
INTRODUCTION TO ANESTHESIA (1958)

PART 1 SONOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 1 Introduction Sonography Doppler Ultrasound Review Exercises CHAPTER 2 Ultrasound Sound Pulsed Ultrasound Attenuation Echoes Review Exercises CHAPTER 3 Transducers Construction and Operation Beams and Focusing Automatic Scanning Detail Resolution Review Exercises CHAPTER 4 Imaging Instruments Beam Former Signal Processor Image Processor Display Review Exercises PART 2 DOPPLER PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 5 Doppler Effect Flow Stenoses Doppler Equation Doppler Angle Review Exercises CHAPTER 6 Color-Doppler Instruments Color-Doppler Principle Instruments Doppler-Shift Displays Doppler-Power Displays Review Exercises CHAPTER 7 Spectral-Doppler Instruments Continuous-Wave Instruments Pulsed-Wave Instruments Spectral Analysis Spectral Displays Review Exercises PART 3 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS CHAPTER 8 Artifacts Propagation Attenuation Spectral Doppler Color Doppler Review Exercises CHAPTER 9 Performance and Safety Performance Measurements Output Measurements Bioeffects Safety Review Exercises CHAPTER 10 Review Comprehensive Exam Glossary Answers to Exercises Appendix A: Compilation of Key Points Appendix B: List of Symbols Appendix C: Compilation of Equations Appendix D: Compilation of Boxes and Tables Appendix E: Mathematics Review Appendix F: Physics Review Appendix G: Additional Material for Exam Preparation Appendix H: Compilation of Advanced Topics Appendix I: Doppler Principles (condensed) References Index
Exonuclease Removal of Dideoxycytidine (Zalcitabine) by the Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase (2007)

The toxicity of nucleoside analogs used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection is due primarily to the inhibition of replication of the mitochondrial genome by the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol gamma). The severity of clinically observed toxicity correlates with the kinetics of incorporation versus excision of each analog as quantified by a toxicity index, spanning over six orders of magnitude. Here we show that the rate of excision of dideoxycytidine (zalcitabine; ddC) was reduced fourfold (giving a half-life of approximately 2.4 h) by the addition of a physiological concentration of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) due to the formation of a tight ternary enzyme-DNA-dNTP complex at the polymerase site. In addition, we provide a more accurate measurement of the rate of excision and show that the low rate of removal of ddCMP results from both the unfavorable transfer of the primer strand from the polymerase to the exonuclease site and the inefficient binding and/or hydrolysis at the exonuclease site. The analogs ddC, stavudine, and ddATP (a metabolite of didanosine) each bind more tightly at the polymerase site during incorporation than normal nucleotides, and this tight binding contributes to slower excision by the proofreading exonuclease, leading to increased toxicity toward mitochondrial DNA.
Revisiting Video Saliency: A Large-scale Benchmark and a New Model (2018)

In this work, we contribute to video saliency research in two ways. First, we introduce a new benchmark for predicting human eye movements during dynamic scene free-viewing, which is long-time urged in this field. Our dataset, named DHF1K (Dynamic Human Fixation), consists of 1K high-quality, elaborately selected video sequences spanning a large range of scenes, motions, object types and background complexity. Existing video saliency datasets lack variety and generality of common dynamic scenes and fall short in covering challenging situations in unconstrained environments. In contrast, DHF1K makes a significant leap in terms of scalability, diversity and difficulty, and is expected to boost video saliency modeling. Second, we propose a novel video saliency model that augments the CNN-LSTM network architecture with an attention mechanism to enable fast, end-to-end saliency learning. The attention mechanism explicitly encodes static saliency information, thus allowing LSTM to focus on learning more flexible temporal saliency representation across successive frames. Such a design fully leverages existing large-scale static fixation datasets, avoids overfitting, and significantly improves training efficiency and testing performance. We thoroughly examine the performance of our model, with respect to state-of-the-art saliency models, on three large-scale datasets (i.e., DHF1K, Hollywood2, UCF sports). Experimental results over more than 1.2K testing videos containing 400K frames demonstrate that our model outperforms other competitors.
Changes of telomere length cause reciprocal changes in the lifespan of mother cells in  <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1997)

Budding yeast cells divide asymmetrically, giving rise to a mother and its daughter. Mother cells have a limited division potential, called their lifespan, which ends in proliferation-arrest and lysis. In this report we mutate telomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to shorten telomeres and show that, rather than shortening lifespan, this leads to a significant extension in lifespan. This extension requires the product of the SIR3 gene, an essential component of the silencing machinery which binds to telomeres. In contrast, longer telomeres in a genotypically wild-type strain lead to a decrease in lifespan. These findings suggest that the length of telomeres dictates the lifespan by regulating the amount of the silencing machinery available to nontelomeric locations in the yeast genome.
Scheduling Distributed Resources in Heterogeneous Private Clouds (2018)

We first consider the static problem of allocating resources to (i.e., scheduling) multiple distributed application frameworks, possibly with different priorities and server preferences, in a private cloud with heterogeneous servers. Several fair scheduling mechanisms have been proposed for this purpose. We extend prior results on max-min fair (MMF) and proportional fair (PF) scheduling to this constrained multiresource and multiserver case for generic fair scheduling criteria. The task efficiencies (a metric related to proportional fairness) of max-min fair allocations found by progressive filling are compared by illustrative examples. In the second part of this paper, we consider the online problem (with framework churn) by implementing variants of these schedulers in Apache Mesos using progressive filling to dynamically approximate max-min fair allocations. We evaluate the implemented schedulers in terms of overall execution time of realistic distributed Spark workloads. Our experiments show that resource efficiency is improved and execution times are reduced when the scheduler is "server specific" or when it leverages characterized required resources of the workloads (when known).
Work: Quantum Information and Computation (1998)

Information is something that can be encoded in the state of a physical system, and a computation is a task that can be performed with a physically realizable device. Therefore, since the physical world is fundamentally quantum mechanical, the foundations of information theory and computer science should be sought in quantum physics. In fact, quantum information has weird properties that contrast sharply with the familiar properties of classical information. A quantum computer -- a new type of machine that exploits the quantum properties of infomation -- could perform certain typ$s of calculations far more efficiently than any foreseeable classical computer. To build a functional quantum computer will be an enormous technical challenge. New methods for quantum error correction are being developed that can help to prevent a quantum computer from crashing.
Synthesis and thermal stability of zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia microspheres (2015)

Zirconia particles (0.4-4.3 μm in diameter, 5-10% standard deviation) synthesized according to the modified sol-gel approaches yielded significantly improved monodispersities. As-synthesized amorphous particles transformed to the tetragonal phase at ∼450 °C with a volume decrease of up to ∼75% and then to monoclinic after heating from ∼650 to 850 °C. Submicron particles disintegrated at ∼850 °C and microparticles at ∼1200 °C due to grain growth. In situ XRD revealed that the transition from the amorphous to tetragonal phase was accompanied by relief in microstrain and the transition from tetragonal to monoclinic was correlated with the tetragonal grain size. Early crystallization and smaller initial grain sizes, which depend on the precursors used for particle synthesis, coincided with higher stability. Yttria-doping reduced grain growth, stabilized the tetragonal phase, and significantly improved the thermal stability of the particles.
Data-driven interaction techniques for improving navigation of educational videos (2014)

With an unprecedented scale of learners watching educational videos on online platforms such as MOOCs and YouTube, there is an opportunity to incorporate data generated from their interactions into the design of novel video interaction techniques. Interaction data has the potential to help not only instructors to improve their videos, but also to enrich the learning experience of educational video watchers. This paper explores the design space of data-driven interaction techniques for educational video navigation. We introduce a set of techniques that augment existing video interface widgets, including: a 2D video timeline with an embedded visualization of collective navigation traces; dynamic and non-linear timeline scrubbing; data-enhanced transcript search and keyword summary; automatic display of relevant still frames next to the video; and a visual summary representing points with high learner activity. To evaluate the feasibility of the techniques, we ran a laboratory user study with simulated learning tasks. Participants rated watching lecture videos with interaction data to be efficient and useful in completing the tasks. However, no significant differences were found in task performance, suggesting that interaction data may not always align with moment-by-moment information needs during the tasks.
miranda localizes staufen and prospero asymmetrically in mitotic neuroblasts and epithelial cells in early <i>Drosophila</i> embryogenesis (1998)

When neuroblasts divide, prospero protein and mRNA segregate asymmetrically into the daughter neuroblast and sibling ganglion mother cell. miranda is known to localize prospero protein to the basal cell cortex of neuroblasts while the staufen RNA-binding protein mediates prospero mRNA localization. Here we show that miranda is required for asymmetric staufen localization in neuroblasts. Analyses using miranda mutants reveal that prospero and staufen interact with miranda under the same cell-cycle-dependent control. miranda thus acts to partition both prospero protein and mRNA. Furthermore, miranda localizes prospero and staufen to the basolateral cortex in dividing epithelial cells, which express the three proteins prior to neurogenesis. Our observations suggest that the epithelial cell and neuroblast (both of epithelial origin) share the same molecular machinery for creating cellular asymmetry.
Dissecting the Entry Route of Saporin-based a-CD7 Immunotoxins in Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cells (2013)

Elucidating the intracellular fate(s) of targeted toxins is of fundamental importance for their optimal use as anticancer drugs, since the biochemical targets of their enzymatic activity reside in the cell cytoplasm, as in the case of the plant ribosome inactivating proteins (RIP) saporin, ricin and of bacterial toxins. In this paper, we compared the cell surface binding and cytotoxic properties of the model RIP ricin to an immunotoxin constructed with a monoclonal antibody directed against the human T-cell marker CD7 covalently linked to saporin (CD7-SAP). Our results indicate that, despite the fact that internalization takes place via an apparently common entry route leading to the Golgi complex, surprisingly, the addition of an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval C-terminal signal (KDEL) to CD7-SAP does not potentiate its cytotoxicity. In addition, while ricin toxicity is clearly reduced by Brefeldin A under conditions where this fungal metabolite causes Golgi stack disruption, we paradoxically observed a potentiating effect by Brefeldin A on CD7-SAP cytotoxicity suggesting that this inhibitor interferes with retrograde route(s) other than the well established Trans-Golgi Network-ER retrograde route.
Reactions of 1,4-Benzodiazepinic<i>N</i>-Nitrosoamidines with Tosylmethyl Isocyanide: A Novel Synthesis of Midazolam (2004)

Reaction of 1,4-benzodiazepinic N-nitrosoamidines, used as synthetic equivalents of imidoyl chlorides, with the mono-anion of tosylmethyl isocyanide is described. The process gives entry to 3-(4-tosyl)imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines, compounds which have not been described yet in the literature. These systems can be derivatized to the corresponding trisubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepines by alkylation or acylation of the imidazole ring. These new heterocyclic derivatives are potentially useful in the field of medicinal chemistry. In addition, midazolam 3, the anesthetic properties of which are well established, can be easily prepared in one step by desulfonylation of compound 7a.
All-Carbon Polymers (Polyfullerenes) from Photochemical Reactions of Fullerene Clusters in Room-Temperature Solvent Mixtures (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAll-Carbon Polymers (Polyfullerenes) from Photochemical Reactions of Fullerene Clusters in Room-Temperature Solvent MixturesYa-Ping Sun, Bin Ma, Christopher E. Bunker, and Bing LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 51, 12705–12711Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00156a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views759Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transparent organic photodiodes with high quantum efficiency in the near infrared (2010)

We demonstrate organic photodiodes with a transparency of ∼80% throughout the visible spectrum and with up to ∼80% external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the near infrared under reverse bias. The diodes use thin films of soluble naphthalocyanine (Nc) molecules prepared by spin casting, with or without thermal annealing. Annealing of the naphthalocyanine layer preferentially orients the planar Nc molecules parallel to the substrate surface. Annealed diodes have improved EQE at zero bias and photoconductive gain at small reverse bias.
A low power walk for the NAO robot (2008)

Generally online walk pattern generators for humanoids are simplified, and don’t produce ideal gaits. Allowing the robot to ‘settle ’ into a more natural gait through the modification of the low-level positional controller would provide significant benefits. In this paper we attempt to achieve this, by limiting the power available to each motor in a humanoid, hence restricting how rigidly the joint can follow the generated walk pattern. This approach was evaluated by implementing the control modification on a humanoid robotics platform. The results show a significant improvement in walk speed, efficiency, and robustness. Moreover, the approach used here could be easily applied to any walk pattern generator, as the modification is in the low-level positional control. 1
Indoor location estimation with optical-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communications (2016)

Visible light communication (VLC) using light-emitting diodes has been gaining increasing attention in recent years as it is appealing for a wide range of applications such as indoor positioning. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been applied to indoor wireless optical communications in order to mitigate the effect of multipath distortion of the optical channel as well as increasing the data rate. An OFDM VLC system is proposed, which can be utilized for both communications and indoor positioning. A positioning algorithm based on power attenuation is used to estimate the receiver coordinates. We further calculate the positioning errors in all the locations of a room and compare them with those using single-carrier modulation schemes, i.e., on–off keying modulation. We demonstrate that our proposed OFDM positioning system outperforms by 74% its conventional counterpart. Finally, we investigate the impact of different system parameters on the positioning accuracy of the proposed OFDM VLC system.
Effect of α-1-Proteinase Inhibitor on Neutrophil Chemotaxis (1990)

Factors that modulate neutrophil migration into the lung are poorly understood. However, there is evidence that neutrophil activation by formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP) depends upon a surface proteinase with chymotrypsin-like activity. This suggests that chymotrypsin inhibitors such as alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) could modify neutrophil migration in response to FMLP. We have studied neutrophil chemotaxis using the multiple blind well assay system. This article presents evidence that alpha 1PI is an inhibitor of neutrophil migration in response to FMLP. The effect is related to the inhibitory function of the protein. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin is more potent than alpha 1PI as an inhibitor of this movement, whereas antileukoprotease is less potent. The results suggest that a cell membrane-bound serine proteinase (perhaps cathepsin G) is necessary for the enhancement of cell movement after receptor binding of FMLP. Oxidized alpha 1PI or a 4,000-D peptide cleaved from alpha 1PI by porcine pancreatic elastase or human neutrophil elastase are capable of enhancing cell motility. The results suggest that alpha 1PI may play a role in cell migration into the lung during acute inflammatory process.
Bowel‐associated dermatosis–arthritis syndrome (1990)

A 48-year-old woman, who had undergone reversal of a jejunal loop, presented with skin eruptions, myalgia and arthralgia. Delayed gastric emptying was associated with a gastric phytobezoar. The clinicopathological features and response to therapy were typical of the dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, and probably were related to bacterial overgrowth.
Regio- and Stereospecific Synthesis of Mono-β-<scp>d</scp>-Glucuronic Acid Derivatives of Combretastatin A-1 (2010)

Synthetic routes have been established for the preparation of regio- and stereoisomerically pure samples of the mono-beta-d-glucuronic acid derivatives of combretastatin A-1, referred to as CA1G1 (5a) and CA1G2 (6a). Judicious choice of protecting groups for the catechol ring was required for the regiospecific introduction of the glucuronic acid moiety. The tosyl group proved advantageous in this regard. The two monoglucuronic acid analogues demonstrate low cytotoxicity (compared to CA1, 2) against selected human cancer cell lines, with CA1G1 being slightly more potent than CA1G2.
Review Temporins, anti-infective peptides with expanding properties (2006)

Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of the innate immune response of all pluricellular organ- isms, providing them with first-line defence against pa- thogens. Amphibian skin secretions represent one of the richest natural sources for such peptide antibiotics, and temporins, a large family of antimicrobial peptides from frog skin, are among the smallest ones found in nature to date. Their functional role and modes of action have been described, along with their interesting and unique proper- ties. These properties make temporins good molecules for an in-depth understanding of host defence peptides in general. Furthermore, they are attractive templates for the future design of new therapeutics against infectious dis- eases with new modes of action, urgently needed due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to the avail- able drugs.