gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Bone Stimulation (2008)

Delayed unions and nonunions of long bone fractures are common complications encountered in orthopaedic medicine. Five to 10 percent (300,000 to 600,000) of the 6 million fractures occurring annually in the United States develop some form of compromised union, amounting to an estimated economic loss of $3 billion to $6 billion annually. Electrical stimulation modalities have been employed for decades to promote the healing of delayed unions and nonunions. Although the positive clinical benefi ts of these treatments have been widely reported, electrical stimulation was largely regarded as a “black box” technology. Today, the black box can be replaced with a mechanism of action. This chapter compiles a basic mechanism of action for the effects of electrical stimulation on bone healing. In short, electrical stimulation up-regulates production of mRNA from DNA, which leads to up-regulated expression of growth factors that are benefi cial to the bone healing cascade. Stimulation of cells by these growth factors causes them to proliferate and differentiate, and these events lead to better callus formation, mineralization and vascularization, which in turn provide a better clinical outcome in the form of a faster healing rate, or any healing rate at all, in an area that would not normally heal on its own.
Stress proteins in Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Environmental and genetic conditions can cause proteins to misfold or to accumulate abnormally due to impaired clearance. The chaperones which include heat shock proteins, aid survival by preventing protein mis-folding and the formation of cytotoxic protein aggregates. An increasing number of studies point to important roles for molecular chaperones in the biology of neurodegenerative diseases. Heat shock proteins can suppress neurotoxicity in animal models of Parkinson's and polyglutamine diseases, suggesting potential new therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative disorders associated with abnormal protein folding and toxicity. Recent findings suggest that heat shock proteins can also be neuroprotective in Alzheimer's disease, but this area of research remains largely unexplored. This paper will review the literature related to the role of heat shock proteins in Alzheimer's disease.
Skew Stretched Polycarbonate Films (1992)

Abstract The formation and characterization of complex chain orientation of polycarbonate skew stretched films is described. The directions of symmetry axes of orientation are represented in the form of refractive index and infrared absorption ellipsoids. The chain orientation is evaluated in terms of White-Spruiell biaxial orientation factors based on the principal axes of orientation. The anisotropic mechanical properties of skew stretched films are correlated with their orientation states. The major symmetry axes of skew stretched polycarbonate films tend to move toward the second stretching direction as increasing second stretching ratio. The chain orientation behavior of these films exhibit increasing uniaxial orientation character at high second stretching ratio. The anisotropic characters of tensile modulus and yield stress of skew stretched films follow a linear relation with the magnitude of chain orientation within our stretching range.
51V NMR and EPR Study of Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms in V2O5 Gelation by Ion Exchange of Sodium Metavanadate Solutions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT51V NMR and EPR Study of Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms in V2O5 Gelation by Ion Exchange of Sodium Metavanadate SolutionsG. A. Pozarnsky and A. V. McCormickCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 4, 380–385Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00040a009https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00040a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct detection of Lyme disease by digital microscopy (2002)

Studies were performed to test the hypothesis that an early direct diagnostic test for Lyme disease can be developed. This test involves automatic microscopic scanning of a relatively large volume of body fluids for the sparsely occurring Lyme disease causing agent, the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Preliminary results indicate that segmentation, measurement, and classification techniques can be used to differentiate spirochetes from other materials in microscope images of blood smears stained with a fluorescent dye.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DeepCC: a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification (2019)

Molecular subtyping of cancer is a critical step towards more individualized therapy and provides important biological insights into cancer heterogeneity. Although gene expression signature-based classification has been widely demonstrated to be an effective approach in the last decade, the widespread implementation has long been limited by platform differences, batch effects, and the difficulty to classify individual patient samples. Here, we describe a novel supervised cancer classification framework, deep cancer subtype classification (DeepCC), based on deep learning of functional spectra quantifying activities of biological pathways. In two case studies about colorectal and breast cancer classification, DeepCC classifiers and DeepCC single sample predictors both achieved overall higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared with other widely used classification methods such as random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and multinomial logistic regression algorithms. Simulation analysis based on random subsampling of genes demonstrated the robustness of DeepCC to missing data. Moreover, deep features learned by DeepCC captured biological characteristics associated with distinct molecular subtypes, enabling more compact within-subtype distribution and between-subtype separation of patient samples, and therefore greatly reduce the number of unclassifiable samples previously. In summary, DeepCC provides a novel cancer classification framework that is platform independent, robust to missing data, and can be used for single sample prediction facilitating clinical implementation of cancer molecular subtyping.
Major thrombotic and nonthrombotic complications. Loss of patency. (1999)

Patency of the vascular access device and the vein that houses the device is critical for the successful delivery of infusion therapy. Loss of catheter patency comes from decisions made during device insertion and from methods used for infusion, flushing, dressing, and removal. Loss of vein patency comes from insertion techniques, patient activity, anatomic and physiologic reasons, and the primary disease or underlying chronic diseases. This review provides the latest information on causes, reported incidences, management, and prevention of catheter and vein patency problems frequently encountered in all clinical settings.
Piloted Evaluation of a Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot-Induced Oscillations (2014)

This paper describes the maturation of a control allocation technique designed to assist pilots in recovery from pilot-induced oscillations. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations is designed to enable next-generation high-efficiency aircraft designs. Energy-efficient next-generation aircraft require feedback control strategies that will enable lowering the actuator rate limit requirements for optimal airframe design. A common issue on aircraft with actuator rate limitations is they are susceptible to pilot-induced oscillations caused by the phase lag between the pilot inputs and control surface response. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations uses real-time optimization for control allocation to eliminate phase lag in the system caused by control surface rate limiting. System impacts of the control allocator were assessed through a piloted simulation evaluation of a nonlinear aircraft model in the NASA Ames Research Center’s Vertical Motion Simulator. Results indicate that the control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations helps reduce oscillatory behavior introduced by control surface rate limiting, including the pilot-induced oscillation tendencies reported by pilots.
Comparative Study of a Combination of Isometheptene Mucate, Dichloralphenazone With Acetaminophen and Sumatriptan Succinate in the Treatment of Migraine (2001)

Both isometheptene mucate, dichloralphenazone with acetaminophen and sumatriptan succinate are safe and effective when used early in the treatment of an acute migraine. Several parameters suggest that isometheptene mucate, dichloralphenazone with acetaminophen may have a slight advantage compared with sumatriptan succinate in the early treatment of mild-to-moderate migraine.
Runtime Vertical Scaling of Virtualized Applications via Online Model Estimation (2014)

Applications in virtualized data centers are often subject to Service Level Objectives (SLOs) regarding their performance (e.g., latency or throughput). In order to fulfill these SLOs, it is necessary to allocate sufficient resources of different types (CPU, memory, I/O, etc.) to an application. However, the relationship between the application performance and the resource allocation is complex and depends on multiple factors including application architecture, system configuration, and workload demands. In this paper, we present a model-based approach to ensure that the application performance meets the user-defined SLO efficiently by runtime "vertical scaling" (i.e., adding or removing resources) of individual virtual machines (VMs) running the application. A layered performance model describing the relationship between the resource allocation and the observed application performance is automatically extracted and updated online using resource demand estimation techniques. Such a model is then used in a feedback controller to dynamically adapt the number of virtual CPUs of individual VMs. We have implemented the controller on top of the VMware vSphere platform and evaluated it in a case study using a real-world email and groupware server. The experimental results show that our approach allows the managed application to achieve SLO satisfaction in spite of workload demand variation while avoiding oscillations commonly observed with state-of-the-art threshold-based controllers.
First report of involvement of Nodulisporium species in human disease (1994)

Allergic fungal sinusitis is a common disease that results from a hypersensitivity reaction mounted by the host against fungi living in the paranasal sinuses. We have recently treated a patient with allergic fungal sinusitis due to a Nodulisporium species. This is the first description of a Nodulisporium species involved in human disease. The genus Nodulisporium contains both dematiaceous and nondematiaceous members. These fungi occur worldwide in nature, often as accompanying conidial anamorphs of certain wood decay ascomycetes. Clinical mycology laboratories may encounter this new agent of phaeohyphomycosis.
Quantitative comparison of plantar foot shapes under different weight-bearing conditions (2003)

Knowledge of the plantar foot shape alteration under weight bearing can offer implications for the design and construction of a comfortable and functional foot support. The purpose of this study was to quantify the change in three-dimensional foot shape under different weight-bearing conditions. The plantar foot shapes of 16 normal feet were collected by an impression casting method under three weight-bearing conditions: non-weight bearing, semi-weight bearing, and full-weight bearing. An optical digitizing system was used to capture the three-dimensional plantar surface shape of the foot cast. Measurements and comparisons from the digitized shapes were conducted for the whole foot and regions of the foot. The data showed that increased weight bearing significantly increased the contact area, foot length, foot width, and rearfoot width, while it decreased average height, arch height, and arch angle. Compared with the non-weight-bearing foot shape, the semi-weight-bearing condition would produce increases in the contact area of 35.1% +/- 21.6 %, foot length of 2.7% +/- 1.2%, foot width of 2.9% +/- 2.4%, and rearfoot width of 5.9% +/- 4.8%, and decreases in the arch height of 15.4% +/- 7.8% and arch angle of 21.7% +/- 17.2%. The full-weight-bearing condition would produce increases in the contact area of 60.4% +/- 33.2%, foot length of 3.4% +/- 1.3%, foot width of 6.0% +/- 2.1%, and rearfoot width of 8.7% +/- 4.9%, and decreases in the arch height of 20.0% +/- 9.2% and arch angle of 41.2% +/- 16.2%. The findings may be useful for considering the change of foot shape in the selection of shoe size and shoe or insole design.
Construction and analysis of chromosomal <i>Clostridium difficile</i> mutants (2006)

Clostridium difficile is an emerging nosocomial pathogen of increasing importance and virulence but our ability to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated disease has been limited because of a lack of tools for its genetic manipulation. We have now developed a reproducible method for the targeted insertional inactivation of chromosomal C. difficile genes. The approach relies on the observation that an Escherichia coli-Clostridium perfringens shuttle vector is unstable in C. difficile and can be used as a form of conditional lethal vector to deliver gene constructs to the chromosome. We have used this methodology to insertionally inactivate two putative response regulator genes, rgaR and rgbR, which encode proteins with similarity to the toxin gene regulator, VirR, from C. perfringens. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the C. difficile RgaR protein positively regulated four genes, including a putative agrBD operon. The RgaR protein was also purified and shown to bind specifically to sites that contained two consensus VirR boxes located just upstream of the putative promoters of these genes. The development of this methodology will significantly enhance our ability to use molecular approaches to develop a greater understanding of the ability of C. difficile to cause disease.
Sub-10 nm copper chromium oxide nanocrystals as a solution processed p-type hole transport layer for organic photovoltaics (2016)

Solution processed <10 nm CuCrO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals are demonstrated as an efficient p-type hole transport layer for organic photovoltaic devices.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Nuclear Spin Cross-relaxation and Cross-correlation Phenomena in Liquids (2017)

This chapter deals with nuclear spin relaxation phenomena. It is, however, limited to nuclei of spin 1/2. It starts with a semi-classical survey of the relaxation mechanisms and the so-called ‘spectral densities’ in terms of which will be expressed for all relaxation parameters. To go further, the fundamentals of spin 1/2 quantum mechanics are presented with an emphasis on the so-called ‘product-operators’. Within the Bloch–Wangsness–Redfield theory, it is explained how the various spin states can be coupled by relaxation parameters, this coupling terms being arranged in the so-called ‘relaxation matrix’. The relaxation parameters include the classical relaxation rates (inverse of T1 and T2) and the cross-relaxation and cross-correlation rates. An original method, based on product-operators and spherical harmonics, leads, in a straightforward manner, to the calculation of the elements of the relaxation matrix.
Cryptosporidiosis in relation to CD4+ T- Lymphocyte counts of people living with HIV/AIDS in Jos, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria (2013)

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in relation to CD4+ T- lymphocyte counts of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria using formol ether concentration and saturated sodium chloride floatation techniques, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method, history as well as clinical records of patients. A total of 280 PLWHA attending voluntary counselling and testing as well as those receiving anti-retroviral drugs at the Faith Alive Foundation were sampled for this study. Of this 66.0 (23.6%) were positive for cryptosporidiosis. Based on age group, prevalence rates were highest among 31-40 years 34.9% (23/66). This was followed by 30.2% (13/43) among age group 11-20 years, while the lowest 10.0% (6/60) was recorded among 21-30. Females recorded a higher prevalence 25.0% (35/140) than males 22.1% (31/140) which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Based on CD4+ count, the highest prevalence of 54.8% (23/42) was observed among patients with CD4+ count of ≤100. This was followed by 501-600 with 40.0% (2/5), and the lowest prevalence of 9.3% (9/97) was observed among 201-300. Patients with diarrhoea were associated with the highest prevalence of cryptosporidiosis 23.6% (66/280), while the lowest prevalence of 2.1% (6/280) was observed among patients with skin lesions. A total of 164 of the PLWHA showed one clinical sign or the other. Patients with diarrhoea recorded the highest prevalence of 83.3% (55/66) for cryptosporidiosis which was statistically significant. This was followed by patients that presented vomiting 25.0% (4/16), while the lowest prevalence 11.1% (1/9) was observed among patients with oral thrush. Patients with both weight loss and rashes recorded zero prevalence for the infection. This study confirms the opportunistic nature of Cryptosporidium species among PLWHA and the association of these parasites in the diarrhoea of this group of people.
Polyoxotungstate anions containing high-valent rhenium. 1. Keggin anion derivatives (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxotungstate anions containing high-valent rhenium. 1. Keggin anion derivativesFernando Ortega and Michael T. PopeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 21, 3292–3297Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00189a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00189a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient algorithms for decision tree cross-validation (2001)

Cross-validation is a useful and generally applicable technique often employed in machine learning, including decision tree induction. An important disadvantage of straightforward implementation of the technique is its computational overhead. In this paper we show that, for decision trees, the computational overhead of cross-validation can be reduced significantly by integrating the cross-validation with the normal decision tree induction process. We discuss how existing decision tree algorithms can be adapted to this aim, and provide an analysis of the speedups these adaptations may yield. The analysis is supported by experimental results.
Partial Purification and Properties of Neuraminidase from<i>Bifidobacterium lactentis</i> (1981)

Bifidobacterium lactentis 659 a gram-positive, nonsporeforming anaerobic bacterium originally isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants produces neuraminidase after enzyme induction with 2mM N-acetylmannosamine added to the culture medium. Bacteria were transferred and grown in a medium containing casein hydrolysate, lactose, sodium acetate, amino acids, vitamins, salts and 2% human milk for 48 h at 37 degrees C under N2/CO2 atmosphere. Two subcultures derived from the original strain B. lactentis 659 were investigated separately because of different growth characteristics. However, their taxonomic identity was not doubtful. Neuraminidase was liberated from the bacterial sediments by ultrasonic treatment in 0.15M NaCl and was isolated by 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, concentration, and column chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100. The enzyme exhibits a molecular weight of 38000 and a pH optimum in the range of pH 5--6 in barbital/acetate buffers. Starch gel electrophoresis and neuraminidase-specific staining with NeuAc alpha 2 leads to (3-methoxyphenyl) glycoside revealed two major and three minor enzyme bands. Michaelis constants (Km) were determined to be 7.1 mM for the (alpha 2 leads to 3) linkage of II3NeuAc-Lac, 7.5mM for the (alpha 2 leads to 6) linkage of II6Neu-Ac-Lac and 15mM for the (alpha 2 leads to 8) linkage in II3(leads from 2NeuAc8)2-Lac. Among the different groups of naturally occurring NeuAc-containing substrates, i.e. glycoproteins, gangliosides and oligosaccharides, B. lactentis neuraminidase cleaves oligosaccharides preferentially without remarkable differences between (alpha 2 leads to 3) and (alpha 2 leads to 6) linkages. Globular glycoproteins and mucins are poor substrates and gangliosides are practically not affected. In contrast, enzyme activity towards synthetic NeuAc glycosides is very high. The enzyme is activated by 50% with 50mM Ca2 and inhibited by 20mM EDTA accordingly. In general, B. lactentis neuraminidase shows a substrate specificity pattern similar to those found in other non-pathogenic and non-invasive representatives of the human bacterial flora. The potential biological role of intestinal Bifidobacteria will be discussed.