gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real plasma effects of microwave radiation propagating perpendicular to a magnetized plasma (2003)

Summary Form only given, as follows. Microwave absorption near electron cyclotron resonance has been investigated in a magnetized plasma over a wide range of frequencies, from 2 to 18 GHz. A network analyzer that is capable of swept frequency measurements and of measuring reflection and transmission coefficients over these frequencies with 80-dB dynamic range has been used. The classical penning discharge used to generate the plasma consists of a uniform magnetic field with a maximum value of 0.195 T. An approximately 12-cm-diameter and 118-cm-long steady-state plasma column is generated with a characteristic density of a few times 10/sup 9/ electrons/cm/sup 3/ and electron kinetic temperatures of a few tens of electron volts. Axial and radial Langmuir probes are used to measure electron number density and kinetic temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tie2-Expressing Monocytes and Tumor Angiogenesis: Regulation by Hypoxia and Angiopoietin-2 (2007)

Recent findings indicate that tumor-associated macrophages are important drivers of tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the essential role played by Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) in this phenomenon. TEMs are present in human blood and tumors and their elimination in various tumor models suppresses tumor angiogenesis. A ligand for Tie2, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), is produced by angiogenic tumor vessels and is a chemoattractant for TEMs. Hypoxia up-regulates Tie2 expression on TEMs and, together with Ang-2, down-regulates their antitumor functions. Learning more about the regulation of TEMs by the tumor microenvironment may yield new strategies to ablate the tumor vasculature.
SpArch: Efficient Architecture for Sparse Matrix Multiplication (2020)

Generalized Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM) is a ubiquitous task in various engineering and scientific applications. However, inner product based SpGENN introduces redundant input fetches for mismatched nonzero operands, while outer product based approach suffers from poor output locality due to numerous partial product matrices. Inefficiency in the reuse of either inputs or outputs data leads to extensive and expensive DRAM access. To address this problem, this paper proposes an efficient sparse matrix multiplication accelerator architecture, SpArch, which jointly optimizes the data locality for both input and output matrices. We first design a highly parallelized streaming-based merger to pipeline the multiply and merge stage of partial matrices so that partial matrices are merged on chip immediately after produced. We then propose a condensed matrix representation that reduces the number of partial matrices by three orders of magnitude and thus reduces DRAM access by 5.4x. We further develop a Huffman tree scheduler to improve the scalability of the merger for larger sparse matrices, which reduces the DRAM access by another 1.8x. We also resolve the increased input matrix read induced by the new representation using a row prefetcher with near-optimal buffer replacement policy, further reducing the DRAM access by 1.5x. Evaluated on 20 benchmarks, SpArch reduces the total DRAM access by 2.8x over previous state-of-the-art. On average, SpArch achieves 4x, 19x, 18x, 17x, 1285x speedup and 6x, 164x, 435x, 307x, 62x energy savings over OuterSPACE, MKL, cuSPARSE, CUSP, and ARM Armadillo, respectively.
Mathematische Theorie der Regelung nach der Korngestah bei affiner Deformation (1932)

Article Mathematische Theorie der Regelung nach der Korngestah bei affiner Deformation was published on October 1, 1932 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 81, issue 1-6).
Sequence variation at the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in the British Isles. (1997)

Using mutation and haplotype analysis, we have examined the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in the phenylketonuria populations of four geographical areas of the British Isles: the west of Scotland, southern Wales, and southwestern and southeastern England. The enormous genetic diversity of this locus within the British Isles is demonstrated in the large number of different mutations characterized and in the variety of genetic backgrounds on which individual mutations are found. Allele frequencies of the more common mutations exhibited significant nonrandom distribution in a north/south differentiation. Differences between the west of Scotland and southwestern England may be related to different events in the recent and past histories of their respective populations. Similarities between southern Wales and southeastern England are likely to reflect the heterogeneity that is seen in and around two large capital cities. Finally, comparison with more recently colonized areas of the world corroborates the genealogical origin by range expansion of several mutations.
Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase-generated Lysyl-Adenylate Is a Substrate for Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Proteins (2006)

Histidine triad nucleotide binding proteins (Hints) are the most ancient members of the histidine triad protein superfamily of nucleotidyltransferases and hydrolyases. Protein-protein interaction studies have found that complexes of the transcription factors MITF or USF2 and lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) are associated with human Hint1. Therefore, we hypothesized that lysyl-AMP or the LysRS.lysyl-AMP may be a native substrate for Hints. To explore the biochemical relationship between Hint1 and LysRS, a series of catalytic radiolabeling, mutagenesis, and kinetic experiments was conducted with purified LysRSs and Hints from human and Escherichia coli. After incubation of the E. coli or human LysRS with Hints and [alpha-(32)P]ATP, but not [alpha-(32)P]GTP, (32)P-labeled Hints were observed. By varying time and the concentrations of lysine, Mg(2+), or LysRS, the adenylation of Hint was found to be dependent on the formation of lysyl-AMP. Site-directed mutagenesis studies of the active site histidine triad revealed that Hint labeling could be abolished by substitution of either His-101 of E. coli hinT or His-112 of human Hint1 by either alanine or glycine. Ap(4)A, believed to be synthesized by LysRS in vivo, and Zn(2+) were shown to inhibit the formation of Hint-AMP with an IC(50) value in the low micromolar range. Consistent with pyrophosphate being an inhibitor for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, incubations in the presence of pyrophosphatase resulted in enhanced formation of Hint-AMP. These results demonstrate that the lysyl-AMP intermediate formed by LysRS is a natural substrate for Hints and suggests a potential highly conserved regulatory role for Hints on LysRS and possibly other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Purification and characterization of superoxide dismutase from Aerobacter aerogenes. (1991)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified from Aerobacter aerogenes IFO 3317 to an electrophoretically homogeneous state and partially characterized. SOD was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, phenyl-Toyopearl 650 M hydrophobic chromatography, and hydroxyapatite adsorption chromatography. The molecular weight and subunit molecular weight of the purified enzyme were estimated to be 45,000 and 22,000, respectively. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was about pH 4.0. The purified enzyme remained stable at pH 7.0-11.0, 25 degrees C for 36 hrs, but was rapidly inactivated below pH 7.0. SOD was stable up to 35 degrees C at pH 7.0, but was inactivated at temperatures above that. The absorption maximum in the visible range was found at 360 nm, and the enzyme was insensitive to cyanide and fluoride, and sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and azide. These results suggest that the enzyme is an iron-containing SOD. The amino acid composition and the N-terminal sequence of the first 15 amino acids of the enzyme exhibited close homology with the other iron-containing SODs.
Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: Advances and Challenges (2020)

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry has recently received considerable interest from researchers in the fields of applied physics and sensors. The purpose of this review is to analyze the principle, sensitivity, technical development potential, and application prospect of the diamond NV center magnetometry. This review briefly introduces the physical characteristics of NV centers, summarizes basic principles of the NV center magnetometer, analyzes the theoretical sensitivity, and discusses the impact of technical noise on the NV center magnetometer. Furthermore, the most critical technologies that affect the performance of the NV center magnetometer are described: diamond sample preparation, microwave manipulation, fluorescence collection, and laser excitation. The theoretical and technical crucial problems, potential solutions and research technical route are discussed. In addition, this review discusses the influence of technical noise under the conventional technical conditions and the actual sensitivity which is determined by the theoretical sensitivity and the technical noise. It is envisaged that the sensitivity that can be achieved through an optimized design is in the order of 10 fT/Hz^1/2. Finally, the roadmap of applications of the diamond NV center magnetometer are presented.
Workspace and Mobility of a Closed- Loop Manipulator (1986)

This paper examines the geometry of a group of closed-loop manipulators with structures based on a planar, revolute jointed, five-bar chain. Of primary interest is the influence of the link lengths on the reachable workspace of the manipula tor. Unlike the commonly used open-loop manipulators, the entire workspace for a closed-loop manipulator will not be freely reachable, in general. The issues pertaining to the independent mobility of the driving links are discussed at length. A classification is made based on mobility criteria, and these mechanisms are further categorized into two types depending upon the influence of the link lengths on the ma nipulator's workspace. Based on this analysis, some general guidelines are laid down to assist the designer in making rational choices in selecting manipulator link lengths.
Immunoassay Flow Systems On-Chip (1996)

Integrated microfluidic systems for biochemical analyses and immunoassays were prepared in glass substrates using silicon micromachining techniques. All of the fluid handling steps are performed by applied electric fields, eliminating the need for pumps and microvalves. Electroosmotic pumping was used to drive immunological reagents and samples into a separation channel and the reaction products of the immuno-reaction were evaluated. The extent of reaction can be used to quantitate the amount of sample present when uncomplexed reagents are separated from the product complex. Concentration detection limits of about 30 pM were obtained for fluorescein using fluorescence detection. Detection of the drug theophylline at 5 ng/ml was shown in an immunoassay. Immunoassays for the large proteins bovine serum albumin and human immunoglobulin were also performed on-chip.
Multidose Streptozotocin Induction of Diabetes in BALB/c Mice Induces a Dominant Oxidative Macrophage and a Conversion of T <sub>H</sub>1 to T <sub>H</sub>2 Phenotypes During Disease Progression (2005)

Macrophages (Mp) are implicated in both early and late phases in type 1 diabetes development. Recent study has suggested that a balance between reductive Mp (RMp) and oxidative Mp (OMp) is possible to regulate T H 1/T H 2 balance. The aim of this study is to investigate the redox status of peritoneal Mp and its cytokine profile during the development of autoimmune diabetes induced by multiple low‐dose streptozotocin in BALB/c mice. Meanwhile, the polarization of T H 1/T H 2 of splenocytes or thymocytes was also examined. We found that peritoneal Mp appeared as an “incomplete” OMp phenotype with decreased icGSH along with disease progression. The OMp showed reduced TNF‐ α , IL‐12, and NO production as well as defective phagocytosis activity compared to nondiabetic controls; however, there was no significant difference with IL‐6 production. On the other hand, the levels of IFN‐ γ or IL‐4 of splenocytes in diabetic mice were significantly higher compared to the control mice. The ratio of IFN‐ γ to IL‐4 was also higher at the early stage of diabetes and then declined several weeks later after the occurrence of diabetes, suggesting a pathogenetic T H 1 phenotype from the beginning gradually to a tendency of T H 2 during the development of diabetes. Our results implied that likely OMp may be relevant in the development of type 1 diabetes; however, it is not likely the only factor regulating the T H 1 H /T H 2 balance in MLD‐STZ‐induced diabetic mice.
Characterization of the CD30L Binding Domain on the Human CD30 Molecule Using Anti-CD30 Antibodies (2000)

CD30 and its counter-receptor CD30 ligand (CD30L) are members of the TNF-receptor/TNFalpha superfamily and function to regulate lymphocyte survival and differentiation. Several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed against CD30 and, based on mutual inhibition assays, are grouped into three nonoverlapping serologic clusters. However, the relationship between the epitopes recognized by the antibodies comprising each cluster and the binding domain for CD30L is not known. Using a soluble CD30L/CD8alpha chimeric protein, we assessed the ability of anti-CD30 MAb to inhibit the binding of CD30L to CD30 expressed by the CD30+ Karpas 299 cell line. CD30L binding by CD30 is blocked by MAb that recognize epitopes belonging to cluster Group A (like Ber-H2, Ber-H8, and HRS-4) as well as cluster Group C (like HeFi-1 and M44). Cluster Group B antibodies, including M67 and Ki-1, do not affect CD30L binding to CD30. The pattern of CD30L binding inhibition shows only limited correspondence to the functional capacity of some anti-CD30 MAb to trigger CD30 signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that the anti-CD30L MAb M81 also completely inhibits CD30/CD30L interaction. This information is useful for applying these MAbs in functional studies to further investigate the CD30/CD30L system and for designing assays for soluble CD30L.
Implicit Consumer Collusion in Auctions on the Internet (2005)

Most consumer-to-consumer Internet auctions are isomorphic to the English auction. Bids in these auctions are visible to all participants, and prices are always ascending. The success of these auctions have puzzled auction theorists because many of the procedures used in these auctions encourage collusion among buyers that leads to lower revenues for the seller and sometimes lower allocative efficiency of the auction outcomes. Using the institutional analysis approach and results from experiments, this paper attempts to explain why open ascending auctions have dominated the Internet auction landscape even though they might not be the most profitable alternative for sellers. Estimates of efficiency losses in these auctions due to implicit collusion among consumers are also provided.
Anti-bacterial performances and biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide composites (2014)

Bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide composites have excellent anti-bacterial activities and good compatibility.
Fabio Reinhart. Autoritratto architettonico (1994)

Successivamente a una conferenza tenuta da Fabio Reinhart a Pavia, l'articolo delinea una sorta di autoritratto che il progettista ha espresso atraverso la descrizione e analisi dei suoi principali progetti architettonici.
Preparation of a High Affinity Single Chain Antibody Specific for Aspartate Aminotransferase-P2 (1996)

Abstract: Using hybridoma 7Fl which secretes antibodies specific tor aspartate aminotransferase-P2 (AAT-P2) as the source of RNA, a single chain antibody has been constructed using a phage display recombinant antibody system. The molecule produced inhibited AAT-P2 enzyme activity by 40% and demonstrated an affinity for this antigen which was comparable to that of the complete 7Fl monoclonal antibody
Head tilting for interaction in mobile contexts (2009)

Developing interfaces for mobile situations requires that devices are useable on the move. Here, we explore head tilting as an input technique to allow a user to interact with a mobile device 'hands free'. A Fitts' Law style evaluation is described where a user acquires targets, moving the cursor by head tilt. We explore d position and velocity control cursor mechanisms in both static and mobile situations to see which provided the best level of performance. Results show that participants could successfully acquire targets using head tilting. Position control was shown to be si gnificantly faster and more accurate in a static context, but exhi bited significantly poorer accuracy and longer target acquisition times when the user was on the move. We further demonstrate how analysis of user's gait shows consistent targeting biases at different stages in the gait cycle.
Gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a placebo controlled, double blind, crossover trial (1999)

days with no symptomatic eVect or objective change in his AIMS score.In April 1997 ventral thalamotomy was performed on the right side in two stages under local anaesthesia.A Bennett spheroid guide had previously been inserted under general anaesthesia using CT guidance and a Leksell frame.Details of the lesions are shown in the table.The first lesion was relatively anterior and it reduced the torticollis, neck pain, hypertonia, and the dyskinesia of the contralateral limbs and allowed him to smile and laugh.One week later a second lesion was placed posteriomedial to the first.This abolished the residual "cogwheeling" of the left upper limb and improved his dexterity.There were no surgical complications.Postoperative MRI (figure) 8 months after the procedure confirms the position of the two lesions in the right thalamus.Twelve months later the patient remains well with minimal dystonic neck movements and no evidence of abnormal posturing of the left arm and oV all medication.His AIMS score is now 8/40.Although the eYcacy of thalamotomy has long been recognised in secondary dystonia 6 we are not aware of any reports of its use in drug induced dystonia.The mechanism of drug induced dystonia is not yet known and extrapolating the surgical results for treatment of dystonia of other aetiologies may not be appropriate.The reported mortality from thalamotomy ranges from 0.4% to 6%. 2 Recent experience with pallidotomy indicates an incidence of severe clinical complications of between 2%-8%. 2 Because of the proximity of the optic tract to the globus pallidus persistent visual defects are a well known risk of pallidotomy, up to 14% in one series. 3 It is too early to be certain of long term eYcacy but 12 months after operation the patient remains well and oV all medication.We conclude that thalamotomy should also be considered in patients with medically refractory drug induced tardive dystonia and dyskinesia.
Switching Response Optimization for Cylinder Deactivation with Type II Passenger Car Applications (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">An advanced Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) system is optimized for response time in order to provide robust switching at high engine speeds. The VVA system considered is Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) for the purpose of improving fuel economy. Specifically, a Switching Roller Finger Follower (SRFF) on a Dual Overhead Camshaft (DOHC) engine is optimized for cylinder deactivation. The objective of this work is to (1) improve the latch response time when the system response is the slowest, and (2) balance the “ON” and “OFF” response time. A proper tradeoff was established to provide the minimum switching time such that deactivation and reactivation occurs seamlessly and in the right sequence. The response time optimization is accomplished while maintaining the existing packaging space of the overhead. A camshaft with a single lobe per SRFF device on a type II valvetrain was used as the baseline configuration for this study. A hydraulic and spring force model is developed using AMESim simulation software. A Design of Experiments (DOE) is conducted to characterize the system design of the latching mechanism subject to dimensional variations and oil properties including temperature and pressure. The baseline configuration requires approximately 12 milliseconds to deactivate the intake and exhaust valves and 18 milliseconds to re-enable the valves at a temperature of 10°C using 5W30 oil. The design goal is to equate both “ON” and “OFF” responses, while minimizing the response time in order to provide enough time to switch at 3500 engine rpm. The optimized design resulted in a balanced “ON” and “OFF” time of approximately 13.5 milliseconds for each, at 10°C oil temperature and 3.0 bar oil pressure. Model results combined with experimental verification are presented. The model correlated within 4.5% Root Mean Square error of the experimental results.</div></div>
Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Conversion of a single chiral synthon into erythro- and threo-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdenosine deaminase inhibitors. Conversion of a single chiral synthon into erythro- and threo-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adeninesGerard Bastian, Michel Bessodes, Raymond P. Panzica, Elie Abushanab, Shih Fong Chen, Johanna D. Stoeckler, and Robert E. Parks Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1981, 24, 12, 1383–1385Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00144a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00144a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Techniques for improving cellular radio base station energy efficiency (2011)

The last ten years have witnessed explosive growth in the number of subscribers for mobile telephony. The technology has evolved from early voice only services to today's mobile wireless broadband (Internet) data delivery. The increasing use of wireless connectivity via smartphones and laptops has led to an exponential surge in network traffic. Meeting traffic demands will cause a significant increase in operator energy cost as an enlarged network of radio base stations will be needed to support mobile broadband effectively and maintain operational competitiveness. This article explores approaches that will assist in delivering significant energy efficiency gains in future wireless networks, easing the burden on network operators. It investigates three approaches to saving energy in future wireless networks. These include sleep mode techniques to switch off radio transmissions whenever possible; femtocell and relay deployments; and multiple antenna wireless systems. The impact of these approaches on achieving energy-efficient wireless communication systems is discussed.