gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiol agents and Bcl-2 identify an alphavirus-induced apoptotic pathway that requires activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. (1995)

Oxidative stress has been proposed as a common mediator of apoptotic death. To investigate further the role of oxidants in this process we have studied the effects of antioxidants on Sindbis virus (SV)-induced apoptosis in two cell lines, AT-3 (a prostate carcinoma line) and N18 (a neuroblastoma line). The thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), at concentrations above 30 mM, completely abrogates SV-induced apoptosis in AT-3 and N18 cells. The effects of NAC cannot be attributed to inhibition of viral entry or viral replication, changes in extracellular osmolarity or to increases in cellular glutathione levels, nor can they be mimicked by chelators of trace metals, inhibitors of lipid peroxidation or peroxide scavengers. In contrast, other thiol agents including pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 75 microM) are protective. Because NAC and PDTC are among the most effective inhibitors of the transcription factor NF-kappa B, we examined SV's ability to activate NF-kappa B before the onset of morphologic or biochemical evidence of apoptosis. Within hours of infection, SV induced a robust increase in nuclear NF-kappa B activity in AT-3 and N18 cells; this activation was suppressible by NAC and PDTC. Over-expression of bcl-2 in AT-3 cells, which has been shown to inhibit SV-induced apoptosis, also inhibits SV-induced NF-kappa B activation. To determine if NF-kappa B activation is necessary for SV-induced apoptosis in these cells, we used double stranded oligonucleotides with consensus NF-kappa B sequences as transcription factor decoys (TFDs) to inhibit NF-kappa B binding to native DNA sites. Wild-type, but not mutant, TFDs inhibit SV-induced apoptosis in AT-3 cells. In contrast, TFD inhibition of NF-kappa B nuclear activity in N18 cells did not prevent SV-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these observations define a cell type-specific, transcription factor signaling pathway necessary for SV-induced apoptosis. Understanding the precise mechanism by which Bcl-2 and thiol agents inhibit SV-induced nuclear NF-kappa B activity in AT-3 cells may provide insights into the pluripotent antiapoptotic actions of these agents.
Role of the PHTH Module in Protein Substrate Recognition by Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia Tyrosine Kinase (2001)

Defects in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) are responsible for X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia in patients. Mutations in each of the structural domains of Btk have been detected in patients, yet a mechanistic explanation for most of these mutant phenotypes is lacking. To understand the possible role of the unique pleckstrin homology and Tec homology (PHTH) module of Btk, we have compared the enzymatic properties of full-length Btk and a Btk mutant lacking the PHTH module (BtkDeltaPHTH). Here we show that Btk and BtkDeltaPHTH have similar basal catalytic activity but very different abilities to recognize protein substrates. Furthermore, the catalytic domain of Btk is inactive, in contrast to the catalytic domain of the prototypical Src tyrosine kinase that retains full catalytic ability. These data suggest that the PHTH module plays an important role in protein substrate recognition, that Btk and Src likely have different interdomain organizations and regulations, and that alterations in substrate recognition might play a role in X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia.
IMP3 as a cytoplasmic biomarker for early serous tubal carcinogenesis (2014)

We conclude that IMP3 may be involved in the process and progression of pelvic HGSC and may serve as a complimentary biomarker in diagnosing STIC.
Pauses in Deceptive Speech (2006)

We use a corpus of spontaneous interview speech to investigate the relationship between the distributional and prosodic characteristics of silent and filled pauses and the intent of an interviewee to deceive an interviewer. Our data suggest that the use of pauses correlates more with truthful than with deceptive speech, and that prosodic features extracted from filled pauses themselves as well as features describing contextual prosodic information in the vicinity of filled pauses may facilitate the detection of deceit in speech.
A class of efficient contention resolution algorithms for multiple access channels (1982)

A discrete time multiaccess channel is considered where the outcome of a transmission is either idle, success, or collision, depending on the number of users transmitting simultaneously. Messages involved in a collision must be retransmitted. An efficient access allocation policy is developed for the case where infinitely many sources generate traffic in a Poisson manner and can all observe the outcomes of the previous transmissions. Its rate of success is 0.48776. Modifications are presented for the cases where the transmission times depend on the transmission outcomes and where observations are noisy.
T Cells Specific for the Triggering Virus Infiltrate the Eye in Patients with Herpes Simplex Virus-Mediated Acute Retinal Necrosis (1998)

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare, potentially blinding retinal disease resulting from ocular infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV). To determine the antigen specificity and functional characteristics of ocular infiltrating T cells in ARN, T cells were isolated and expanded nonspecifically from intraocular fluid (IOF) samples from 2 patients with HSV-1- and 3 with VZV-mediated ARN. HSV-specific T cell reactivity could be detected only in the IOF-derived T cell lines (TCLs) of the 2 patients with HSV-mediated ARN. These TCLs consisted of both HSV type-common and type-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones (TCCs) with differential T cell receptor usage. Irrespective of their phenotype, the TCCs were cytolytic and secreted interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-4, and interleukin-5. In both patients, the antigen specificity of a substantial number of HSV-1-specific TCCs could be mapped to approximately 0.67-0.73 HSV-1 map units. The data presented suggest the contribution of T cells, specific for the triggering virus, to the pathogenesis of ARN.
Beat security auditors at their own game (2013)

Are you sick of hiring external auditors who come onto your turf, pick apart your network and leave you with a laundry list of security issues to rectify? It would be great to know exactly what issues they're likely to find, handle them ahead of time, and sit back and relax as the auditor struggles to find a violation. The good news is that, with a little knowledge, effort and preparation, you can do just that – and using free tools to boot. If you manage a computer network, or are responsible for its security, chances are you're subject to some regulatory compliance. That means, at some point, you or an outside auditor will need to scan your network. Part of this job involves automated vulnerability scanning. Corey Nachreiner of WatchGuard Technologies walks you through how to use the popular BackTrack Linux distribution and two common tools, OpenVAS and Nessus, to perform such scans. It won't turn you into a fully fledged penetration tester, but it will allow you to discover some of the worst problems and fix them before your next audit.
Cell dynamics and differentiation of conditionally immortalized human intestinal epithelial cells (1997)

The tsFHI cells recapitulate key aspects of intestinal cell dynamics in vitro and seem particularly suited for the study of early events in cell differentiation.
Six Month Tracking of Microbial Growth in a Metalworking Fluid After System Cleaning and Recharging (2004)

Large volumes of metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used in manufacturing industries for cooling and lubrication of metal pieces and tools during machining. MWFs accumulate microbial growth through continuous recirculation and reuse. We studied the progression of microbial contamination for 6 months after dumping, cleaning and recharging (DCR) of a large semi-synthetic MWF system managed with several biocides. Fresh, uncontaminated fluid was added to the system after extensive cleaning. The following samples were collected and analyzed: pre-DCR fluid (before system cleaning); neat fluid diluted to 6% with water; in use MWF 12 h and 1, 3 and 6 months post-DCR. Samples were analyzed for total microorganism concentrations by direct counting using fluorescence microscopy and by plate counting on various media (R2A, BHI, Middlebrooks and rose bengal under aerobic conditions). In addition, PCR was performed for the detection of mycobacteria. There was a rapid progression in the total bacterial counts as determined by fluorescence microscopy: 5.7 x 10(7) cells/ml in the pre-DCR used fluid, no measurable bacteria in the neat fluid, 6.9 x 10(6) cells/ml after 12 h and 2.2 x 10(6), 3.6 x 10(8) and 6.1 x 10(8) cells/ml after 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. On average, only 0.2% of the direct count organisms were quantified on R2A cultures. PCR showed the presence of mycobacteria in the used MWF at 3 and 6 months. Mycobacteria were also identified from cultures on Middlebrooks and R2A. This study demonstrates that standard methods for cleaning MWF systems are inadequate since residual bacteria in the system can rapidly repopulate the newly charged MWF.
Traffic prediction using FARIMA models (2003)

Previous traffic measurements have found the coexistence of both long-range and short-range dependence in network traffic. Therefore, models are required to predict traffic that has both long-range and short-range dependence. This paper provides a procedure to model and predict traffic using FARIMA (p,d,q) models. Our experiments illustrate that the FARIMA model is a good model and is capable of capturing the property of actual traffic. We provide guidelines to simplify the FARIMA model fitting procedure and thus to reduce the time of traffic modeling and prediction.
The Relationship between Risk and Return: Evidence for Property-Liability Insurance Stocks (1988)

J. David Cummins, Scott E. Harrington, The Relationship between Risk and Return: Evidence for Property-Liability Insurance Stocks, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 15-31
A Convenient and General Synthesis of Cata- and Peri-Condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a Fjord-Region (2001)

Cata- and peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 10a-d and 11 have been conveniently synthesized by the application of Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. In three to four steps, these PAHs having fjord-region were obtained in an overall yield of 35-51% from commercially or easily accessible aryl boronic acids and aryl bromides.
μVNC over PLC: a framework for GUI-based remote operation of home appliances through power-line communication (2003)

This paper proposes a framework that realizes GUI-based remote operation of home appliances through narrow bandwidth of power-line communication. Plugged into an AC socket, compliant appliances are automatically registered to the home PLC gateway and ready to be controlled remotely by GUI devices such as PC, wireless PDA or touch-paneled TV. An appliance requires an 8-bit microcontroller, or even one task of an existing 16-bit microprocessor, for this extension.
A Simulation Study of Oxygen Vacancy-Induced Variability in ${\rm HfO}_{2}$ /Metal Gated SOI FinFET (2014)

Deposition of a metal gate on high-K dielectric HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is known to generate oxygen vacancy (OVs) defects. Positively charged OVs in the dielectric affect the gate electrostatics and modulate the effective gate workfunction (WF). Count and spatial allocation of OVs varies from device-to-device and induces significant local variability in WF and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . This paper presents the statistical models to simulate OV concentration and placement depending on the gate formation conditions. OV-induced variability is studied for SOI FinFET, and compared against the other sources of variability across the technologies. The implications of gate first and gate last processes to the OV concentration/distribution are studied. Simulations show that with channel length and gate dielectric thickness scaling, the OV-induced variability becomes a significant concern.
V-<i>Myc</i>Alters the Response of a Cloned Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cell Line to Lactogenic Hormones (1988)

Several oncogenes have now been implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. We investigated the phenotypic effects of expressing three representative oncogenes in mammary epithelial cells. v-myc (coding for a nuclear protein), v-Ha-ras (a G-protein homologue) and v-fgr (a tyrosine kinase) genes were introduced into the nontumorigenic clone 14 of the mouse mammary epithelial cell line COMMA-1D. Their effects upon growth and differentiation were determined. Anchorage-independent growth was induced by all three oncogenes with low efficiency. v-Ha-ras and v-fgr induced tumorigenicity in nude mice. The effect of oncogenes upon parameters unique to mammary epithelial cells in vitro was assayed. Both v-myc and v-fgr abolished the ability of clone 14 to grow as three-dimensional branching structures in hydrated collagen gel. v-fgr completely and v-myc partially inhibited the expression of the epithelium specific cytokeratins. Clone 14 can be induced to produce the beta-casein milk protein by the combination of the lactogenic hormones, dexamethasone, insulin, and PRL. Introduction of v-myc into clone 14 cells resulted in an estimated 50-fold increased induction of beta-casein protein and at least a 60-fold increase in beta-casein mRNA. The number of cells stained with anti-beta casein antibodies also showed a 10-fold increase after v-myc introduction. This still required the synergistic action of all three lactogenic hormones. Thus v-myc can alter the normal response of mammary epithelial cells to lactogenic hormones.
Gathercast: the design and implementation of a programmable aggregation mechanism for the Internet (2002)

IP multicast is an efficient point-to-multipoint distribution mechanism. However, there are a number of scenarios in which a reverse, multipoint-to-point aggregation mechanism is highly desirable, We introduce a programmable mechanism, called gathercast, to support the aggregation of packets without altering any of the routing or forwarding mechanisms of the Internet. Gathercast is based on an active services framework and can be deployed incrementally. It works well within the current IP multicast model. One of the aggregation mechanisms that we study is the combination of small packets using gathercast. Small packets constitute a large fraction of packets in today's Internet. Every packet requires a routing table lookup at every router and incurs the same performance cost irrespective of the size of the packet. Gathercast allows for car pooling, in which multiple small packets to the same destination are combined into a larger packet, thereby reducing the number of packets in the network. Web servers, in particular, are a leading cause of small packets. All the TCP ACKs generated by the clients have the same destination (the Web server), These ACKs are just 40 bytes in size, Simulation studies show 11% to 68% reduction in packet loss and 2% to 30% improvement in performance of busy Web servers when used in conjunction with gathercast.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Ca<sub>4</sub>SiN<sub>4</sub> and New Polymorph of Ca<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>N<sub>6</sub> (2013)

Single crystals of Ca4SiN4 were found in the product prepared by heating Ba, Ca, Si, NaN3, and Na at 900 °C. Ca4SiN4 [space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), Z = 4, a = 9.1905(4) Å, b = 5.9775(3) Å, c = 11.0138(7) Å, β = 116.4054(17)°] is isotypic with Ca4GeN4 and K4SiO4. Isolated [SiN4](8-) tetrahedra were identified in the structure by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. After reheating the product at 900 °C, a new polymorph of Ca5Si2N6 crystallized. The space group of the polymorph [C2/m (No. 12), Z = 4, a = 6.2712(5) Å, b = 10.0175(8) Å, c = 12.0287(8) Å, β = 99.303(2)°] is different from C2/c previously reported for Ca5Si2N6, while both polymorphs are composed of Ca(2+) and edge-sharing double tetrahedra [Si2N6](10-).
APPLICATION OF A TISSUE RECEPTOR ASSAY TO MEASUREMENT OF SERUM FOLLITROPIN (FSH) (1975)

A rat testes tubule receptor assay, employing 125I-hFSH as the radioligand, has been applied to measurement of human serum follitropin (FSH). Highly purified hFSH LER-1575C was used as the reference preparation. Problems related to interference with uptake of radioligand by receptor, presumably due to non-hormonal serum factors, were minimized by dialysis of the serum prior to TRA. Results obtained by TRA were compared with those obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mean index of discrimination (TRA/RIA) for a series of 11 postmenopausal sera (PM) was 5.4 and the mean index of precision was 0.063. Sensitivity of the TRA was 9 ng hFSH/ml. Postmenopausal serum averaged 81 ng/ml, PM on estrogen therapy averaged less than 9 ng/ml, Turners Syndrome was 40 ng/ml. No FSH was detected in hypophysectomized serum, in normal male serum or in blood bank serum. PM levels by TRA were similar to those obtained by others with RIA after multiplying by the conversion factor of 5.4.
Advanced lithography for micro-optics (2006)

Since the beginning of micro-optics fabrication most of the used technologies have been adapted from or are related to semiconductor fabrication techniques. These are widely known and the special microelectronics fabrication tools, especially lithography machines, are available at numerous places. Besides the fact that therefore micro-optics was able to took advantage of the steady development of semiconductor technology this tight linkage has also a lot of drawbacks. The adaptation of element properties to the fabrication limits given by the available technologies is very often connected with compromises in optical performance. In nowadays micro-optics fabrication has reached a level which justifies the development of fabrication tools specialized to its own demands. In the article the special demands of optical microstructures on the fabrication technologies are discussed and newly developed mico-optics fabrication tools are introduced. The first one is an electron-beam lithography machine for use with up substrates up to 300mm large and 15mm thick achieving a very high overlay accuracy and writing speed. The second one is a laser-lithography system capable to expose micro-optical structures onto non-planar substrates.
Acute-Phase Proteins during Hemodialysis: Correlations with Serum Interleukin-1β Levels and Different Dialysis Membranes (1991)

The effects of hemodialysis (HD) on the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were studied in 8 patients. Bicarbonate dialysate was used exclusively, and three different membranes, Cuprophan (CU), cellulose acetate (CA), and polymethylmetachrylate (PMMA) were compared. The SAA levels increased significantly with each membrane. With CU, they rose from 4.0 +/- 2.0 (mg/l, mean +/- SEM) to 9.6 +/- 2.8 at 60 min and to 15.0 +/- 4.9 at 240 min. The values with CA were 3.8 +/- 2.1, 15.3 +/- 5.6, and 23.8 +/- 3.9; and with PMMA 2.4 +/- 1.3, 12.1 +/- 5.6, and 12.1 +/- 5.9, respectively. The alterations of SAA neither correlated with the weight loss nor the increase of serum albumin during dialysis. The CRP values showed insignificant changes. The IL-1 beta levels rose with CU from 87 +/-18 (ng/l) to 155 +/- 33 at 60 min and to 172 +/- 47 at 240 min. With CA, the values were 67 +/- 14, 198 +/- 46, and 121 +/- 23, and with PMMA 63 +/- 13, 246 +/- 93, and 211 +/- 86, respectively. These results did not correlate with the effects of the membranes on complement activation. It is concluded that the release of cytokines during HD apparently leads to a rapid synthesis of acute-phase proteins as a sign of inflammation. Thus, SAA may be used as one indicator of the biocompatibility of HD treatment.
Regulation of PSP/reg in Rat Pancreas (1999)

Pancreatic stone protein/reg protein (PSP/reg) is a secretory pancreatic protein of hitherto unknown function. It is precursor to a spontaneously precipitating peptide called pancreatic thread protein, which is found in protein plugs within the pancreatic ductal system. Increasing PSP/reg concentrations in pancreatic juice might augment the risk of intraductal plug formation and therefore be a condition predisposing to chronic pancreatitis. Malnutrition is associated with a high incidence of chronic pancreatitis in tropical countries. In a diet study with rats, we tested the hypothesis that protein malnutrition leads to increased PSP/reg concentrations in pancreatic juice. A highly sensitive and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rat PSP/reg was newly established. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to three nearly isocaloric experimental diets, which contained 0, 45, or 82% casein, respectively, or to a control diet (22% casein). We evaluated PSP/reg expression under these four dietary conditions on the RNA and on the protein level, performing a time-course study over a period of 28 days. Our results demonstrate that PSP/reg expression is not increased because of a protein-deficient diet if investigated under steady-state conditions. After a temporary increase in PSP/reg levels due to a carbohydrate-deficient high-protein diet, we could not find signs of a diet-dependent regulation of this protein. The regulation of PSP/reg thus differs from that of most other pancreatic secretory proteins. Our findings contradict earlier reports that had drawn conclusions based solely on messenger RNA levels.
Agile Military Aircraft (2008)

Abstract Structural health monitoring (SHM) of airframes has developed over the decades to the stage where it is now incumbent for all fighter‐type aircraft to be fitted with an airborne fatigue monitoring system. These systems typically collect operational data primarily for the calculation of the safe‐life or the inspection interval of the airframe, thus helping to ensure that the structural certification limits for the aircraft are not exceeded. The requirement for SHM systems is explicitly stated in current military structural design standards. This article presents the reasons for requiring such systems and some general requirements for their implementation. The article draws upon the extensive experiences from Australian fatigue monitoring programs, and highlights some of the potential pitfalls in the systems and techniques.
Enhanced Seebeck coefficient through energy-barrier scattering in PbTe nanocomposites (2009)

Resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall measurements were performed on densified nanocrystalline composite materials of undoped and Ag-doped PbTe nanocrystals to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for Seebeck coefficient enhancement in nanocrystalline systems. The unique temperature dependence of the resistivity and mobility for these PbTe nanocomposites suggests that grain-boundary potential barrier scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism. We propose that carrier trapping in the grain boundaries forms energy barriers that impede the conduction of carriers between grains, essentially filtering charge carriers with energy less than the barrier height. These nanocomposites therefore demonstrate an enhanced Seebeck coefficient as compared to single crystal or polycrystalline PbTe at similar carrier concentrations.