gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Device-Quality Cu(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin Films Deposited by Coevaporation with Composition Monitor (1995)

The chemical composition of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) thin film was monitored in real time during the physical vapor deposition. The temperature of growing CIGS film was found to depend on the composition ratio of Cu/(In+Ga) when the film was deposited under constant heating power. The composition monitoring system can be easily applied to a 3-stage deposition process of the CIGS films. The solar cells (active area: 1 cm 2 ) fabricated by using the obtained CIGS absorber layer showed an efficiency of 15.4% under standard AM 1.5 illumination.
Glaciphobic Polymeric Materials (2012)

Abstract This paper describes a reliable quantitative measurement of the adhesion of ice to polymeric films and coatings using an enclosed-crack fracture mechanics test method. Two different material sets are described. One set considers the adhesion of ice to polypropylene films which in some cases were treated with an air corona to render them more hydrophilic. Shifts toward higher surface energy as indicated by decreases in static water contact angle and increases in surface oxygen content as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) produced significant increases in ice adhesion. Another material set considers the adhesion of ice to crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coatings applied to primed poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and aluminum sheet. Adding non-functional PDMS to the PDMS coatings produced no significant change in either ice adhesion values or failure mode of ice release up to an addition level of 40 weight percent, but beyond 40 weight percent, glaciphobicity deteriorated. Thickness of the PDMS coatings was found to profoundly affect ice adhesion, which decreased from about 1 J/m2 to about 0.1 J/m2 over a thickness range of about 8 μm to about 1 μm.
The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA), a 50-MeV, 10-kA Induction Linac (1983)

The ATA is an induction accelerator designed to produce 70 ns pulses of electrons at currents of 10 kA and energies in excess of 50 MeV. The accelerator is capable of operating at an average rate of 5 Hz or at 1 kHz for ten pulses. The parameters were chosen primarily to provide the experimental basis for advancing the understanding of electron beam propagation physics. The 85 m accelerator has been under construction for the past four years and has adopted mainly an improved version of the ETA technology to satisfy the required parameters. Initial operation of the facility and the energy conversion system from primary power to axial electric field will be described; recent advances in magnetic switching which have been incorporated in the injector will also be discussed.
Sucrose Accumulation and Harvest Schedule Recommendations for CP Sugarcane Cultivars (2004)

Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) is harvested during a 5‐month period (October to March) in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of south Florida. The genetic and temporal variability of sugarcane sucrose concentration is well established, but sucrose accumulation curves have not been reported for the Canal Point (CP) clones used in Florida since 1977. The objective of this study was to compare sucrose accumulation for recently released clones and provide harvest schedule recommendations based on this information. Thirteen CP clones were sampled at 2‐week intervals throughout 4 consecutive harvest seasons. Based on seasonal changes in cultivar ranking in sugar per ton, recommended harvest scheduling relative to October 14 (time = 0 days) are: early‐season (0 to 50 days) for cultivars CP 70‐1133, CP 80‐1743, and CP 88‐1762; mid‐season (50 to 100 days) for cultivars CP 78‐1628 and CP 84‐1198; and late‐season (100 to 150 days) for cultivars CP 72‐1210, CP 72‐2086, CP 80‐1827, CP 85‐1382, CP 88‐1508, and CP 89‐2377. Sucrose accumulation in cultivar CP 89‐2143 was greatest across all harvest periods and should be grown by Florida producers interested in improving the sucrose concentration of their crop.
Modeling MEMS and NEMS (2002)

Designing small structures necessitates an a priori understanding of various device behaviors. The way to gain such understanding is to construct, analyze, and interpret the proper mathematical model.Through such models, Modeling MEMS and NEMS illuminates microscale and nanoscale phenomena, thereby facilitating the design and optimization o
Do Canadian female surgeons feel discriminated against as women? (1996)

Although most of our respondents perceived no discrimination in their selection for residency and reported that discrimination did not hinder their career development or advancement, the perception of discrimination during surgical training suggests that there needs to be a concentrated effort to identify and address problems. Moreover, since few respondents reported having institutional policies on maternity leave and job-sharing or female mentors, these issues need to be examined.
International Assessment of Research and Development of Carbon Nanotube Manufacturing and Applications (2007)

World Technology Evaluation Center report on Carbon Nanotube Manufacturing and Applications, sponsored by the NSF, ONR, NIBIB, and NIST
Serological Detection of Equid Herpesvirus1 Infections of the Respiratory Tract (1976)

An investigation was made of 3 serological tests (virus neutralization, complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence), which are applicable to epidemiological studies of infections by Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). Sera from gnotobiotic foals inoculated intranasally with various strains of EHV-1 were unable in some cases to neutralize heterologous strains and these results were not consistent with the existence of clearly-defined subtypes of EHV-1, as previously proposed. The cross-reactions in complement-fixation tests paralleled those with neutralization but immunofluorescence tests were found to be both more sensitive and more broadly reactive than the other two. Complement-fixing antibodies declined more rapidly following experimental infection than did those measured by neutralization or immunofluorescence. The results are discussed in relation to the diagnosis of EHV-1 infection and the significance they may have for the epidemiology of this disease.
Nation, Identity, Rights: Reflections on WL. Morton’s Canadian Identity (1994)

In his book The Canadian Identity W. L. Morton set out his conception of a Canadian political nationality through an exploration of the main themes of Canadian historical development. In doing so he stressed the idea that Canada is a nation based on "allegiance" rather than on a "covenant" which he argued is the basis of the American nation. In my analysis of Morton’s position I have pointed out some of the limitations in his understanding of nationalism in Québec and suggested that issues related to multi-culturalism and native rights have become more complex since his book was first published. I have also examined some more recent attempts to conceptualize Canadian nationalism, particularly that of Charles Taylor, and noted the threat which the re-emergence of ethnic nationalism represents to countries like Canada. l conclude that, with some modification in emphasis, Morton’s conception of "political nationality" remains essentially valid.
The Web Resource Space Model (Web Information Systems Engineering and Internet Technologies Book Series) (2007)

Classifying objects into categories at different granularity levels, establishing links between known objects, and discovering clues between known and unknown objects are essential for new-generation semantic data models. This book introduces the Resource Space Model (RSM), which effectively organizes and correctly manages resources by normalizing classification semantics.

This volume presents basic models of RSM and the Semantic Link Network (SLN), the relationship between the two, and an approach to integrating the two models and exploring their semantic-rich interconnection. Also detailed is a comprehensive theory of query operations on RSM and extensive coverage of the distributed RSM in parallel with the distributed relational database systems.

This text is sure to be considered a substantial contribution to the field of Knowledge Grid by researchers in the areas of web, semantic web, and decentralized data engineering, as well as the emerging semantic and knowledge grid arena.
Longevity of Plastic-Based Organic Light-Emitting Devices by Means of Protective Oils as Passivation Layer (2005)

For the encapsulation of plastic-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), an inert oil as a liquid passivation layer is applied on the periphery of the device. The electroluminescence (EL) and rate of degradation of such devices are examined to compare the electrical and emissive properties of the devices before and after forming the inert liquid passivation layer. The presence of the liquid layer firmly prevents the occurrence and growth of dark spots and enhances the lifetime of the devices in air. Driven at 27.45 mA/cm 2 ( L o ∼1780 cd/m 2 ), a driving lifetime of 195.0 h is achieved, which is affected by the type of inert oil used.
Retinoids signal directly to zebrafish endoderm to specify <i>insulin</i> -expressing β-cells (2006)

During vertebrate development, the endodermal germ layer becomes regionalized along its anteroposterior axis to give rise to a variety of organs, including the pancreas. Genetic studies in zebrafish and mice have established that the signaling molecule retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in endoderm patterning and promotes pancreas development. To identify how RA signals to pancreatic progenitors in the endoderm, we have developed a novel cell transplantation technique, using the ability of the SOX32 transcription factor to confer endodermal identity, to selectively target reagents to (or exclude them from) the endodermal germ layer of the zebrafish. We show that RA synthesized in the anterior paraxial mesoderm adjacent to the foregut is necessary for the development of insulin-expressing beta-cells. Conversely, RA receptor function is required in the foregut endoderm for insulin expression, but not in mesoderm or ectoderm. We further show that activation of RA signal transduction in endoderm alone is sufficient to induce insulin expression. Our results reveal that RA is an instructive signal from the mesoderm that directly induces precursors of the endocrine pancreas. These findings suggest that RA will have important applications in the quest to induce islets from stem cells for therapeutic uses.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Biological Tissues (1985)

Ultrasonic imaging has become increasingly important as a diagnostic tool in medicine because it is noninvasive and it can provide valuable information otherwise unattainable. However, at present, clinical interpretation of an ultrasonic image still mostly relies on recognition of boundaries and positional relationship of anatomical structures and a subjective analysis of the distribution or texture of echo amplitudes. Other potentially useful information carried back by the echoes is completely discarded. The aim of ultrasonic tissue characterization research is to develop methods to extract additional information from the returned echoes so that tissue pathology or abnormality can be reliably identifed and severity of the pathology objectively assessed with quantitative criteria. A number of ultrasonic parameters including acoustic velocity, impedance, attentuation and scattering, have been utilized in attempting to achieve this goal. In this paper, recent progress in this research will be discussed and relevant results presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazobenzazepinethiones: A New Series of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal laser wavelength for photoacoustic imaging of breast microcalcifications (2011)

This paper presents photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for real-time detection of micro-scale calcifications (e.g., &lt;1 mm) in the breast, which are an indicator of the cancer occurrence. Optimal wavelength of incident laser for the microcalcification imaging was ascertained through ex vivo experiments with seven breast specimens of volunteers. In the ex vivo experiments, the maximum amplitude of photoacoustic signals from the microcalcifications occurred when the laser wavelength ranged from 690 to 700 nm. This result demonstrated that PAI can serve as a real-time imaging and guidance tool for diagnosis and biopsy of the breast microcalcifications.
EDT: A specification notation for reactive systems (2014)

Requirements of reactive systems express the relationship between sensors and actuators and are usually described in a natural language and a mix of state-based and stream-based paradigms. Translating these into a formal language is an important pre-requisite to automate the verification of requirements. The analysis effort required for the translation is a prime hurdle to formalization gaining acceptance among software engineers and testers. We present Expressive Decision Tables (EDT), a novel formal notation designed to reduce the translation efforts from both state-based and stream-based informal requirements. We have also built a tool, EDTTool, to generate test data and expected output from EDT specifications. In a case study consisting of more than 200 informal requirements of a real-life automotive application, translation of the informal requirements into EDT needed 43% lesser time than their translation into Statecharts. Further, we tested the Statecharts using test data generated by EDTTool from the corresponding EDT specifications. This testing detected one bug in a mature feature and exposed several missing requirements in another. The paper presents the EDT notation, comparison to other similar notations and the details of the case study.
On the Antifungal Effect of Preservatives in Margarine (II) (1969)

Five strains of fungi were inoculated in margarine to which 0.5, 1 or 2g/kg of either dehydroacetic acid or its sodium salt, sorbic acid, its sodium or potassium salt was added. These samples were kept at 25°C for 30 days and periodical measurements were for made fungal growth, production of off-flavor and acid value peroxide value.Dehydroacetic acid was more effective against Penicillium roqueforti but there was no significant difference between dehydroacetic acid and sorbic acid against the other four strains. Sodium and potassium salts showed somewhat weaker antifungal effectthan the free acids.
Motorisches Lernen mittels EMG-getriggerter Elektrostimulation bei Hemiparese (2003)

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die EMG-getriggerte elektrische Muskelstimulation ist eine Methode zur Reaktivierung „ausgelöschter” Bewegungsmuster bei Patienten mit zentraler Hemiparese. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die Bewertung der Methode sowie der Dauer ihrer Anwendung bezüglich ihrer Wirksamkeit auf die Bewegungsfunktion des betroffenen Fußes und die Selbständigkeit der Patienten. Patienten und Methode: In der prospektiven A-B-A-Längsschnittstudie erhielten 16 Patienten im Alter von 47 - 67 Jahren mit zentraler Hemiparese nach einem Vorbeobachtungszeitraum mit ausschließlich Krankengymnastik (3 Monate Baseline) weitere 3 bzw. 6 Monate 2-mal täglich eine 10-minütige EMG-initiierte Elektrostimulation des M. tibialis anterior in Kombination mit Krankengymnastik (Gruppe I 3 Monate, Gruppe II 6 Monate, je n = 8 Patienten). Das Follow-up erfolgte 3 Monate nach Intervention. Hauptzielparameter war die Beweglichkeit im Sprunggelenk (ROM), Nebenzielparameter die Einschätzung der Muskelfunktion (Motricity-Index) und der Selbständigkeit (FIM). Ergebnisse: Während der Basistherapie veränderten sich die Beurteilungsparameter nicht. Unter zusätzlicher EMG-abhängiger Elektrostimulation verbesserte sich die Fußdorsalextension bei 3-monatiger Kombinationstherapie signifikant um 19,4°, bei 6-monatiger Kombinationstherapie um 24,4°, der Motricity-Index des betroffenen Beines um 9,3 bzw. 17,7. Ein Unterschied zwischen beiden Untersuchungsgruppen bestand nicht. Im FIM erhöhte sich die Punktzahl bei Körperpflege, Ankleiden, Transfer sowie Gehen/Treppe steigen bei Zusammenfassung aller 16 Patienten statistisch bedeutsam. Schlussfolgerung: Eine 3-monatige EMG-getriggerte Myofeedbacktherapie ist in Kombination mit der krankengymnastischen Übungsbehandlung zur Funktionsverbesserung hemiparetischer Extremitäten sowie der Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Selbständigkeit bei Patienten mit zentraler Hemiparese sinnvoll, eine Verlängerung um 6 Monate erbringt keine weitere Zunahme der Bewertungsparameter.
Making context-sensitive points-to analysis with heap cloning practical for the real world (2007)

Context-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms with full "heapcloning" are powerful but are widely considered to be too expensive to include in production compilers. This paper shows, for the first time, that a context-sensitive, field-sensitive algorithm with fullheap cloning (by acyclic call paths) can indeed be both scalable and extremely fast in practice. Overall, the algorithm is able to analyze programs in the range of 100K-200K lines of C code in 1-3 seconds,takes less than 5% of the time it takes for GCC to compile the code (which includes no whole-program analysis), and scales well across five orders of magnitude of code size. It is also able to analyze the Linux kernel (about 355K linesof code) in 3.1 seconds. The paper describes the major algorithmic and engineering design choices that are required to achieve these results, including (a) using flow-insensitive and unification-basedanalysis, which are essential to avoid exponential behavior in practice;(b) sacrificing context-sensitivity within strongly connected components of the call graph; and (c) carefully eliminating several kinds of O(N2) behaviors (largely without affecting precision). The techniques used for (b) and (c) eliminated several major bottlenecks to scalability, and both are generalizable to other context-sensitive algorithms. We show that the engineering choices collectively reduce analysis time by factors of up to 10x-15xin our larger programs, and have found that the savings grow strongly with program size. Finally, we briefly summarize results demonstrating the precision of the analysis.
Lentiviral‐mediated gene transfer into haematopoietic stem cells (2001)

These data collectively indicate that candidate human HSCs can be efficiently transduced with lentiviral vectors and that the transgene is highly expressed in their progeny cells.
Experimental demonstration of a laser proton accelerator with accurate beam control through image-relaying transport (2019)

A compact laser plasma accelerator (CLAPA) that can stably produce and transport proton ions with different energies less than 10 MeV, $<1%$ energy spread, several to tens of pC charge, is demonstrated. The high current proton beam with continuous energy spectrum and a large divergence angle is generated by using a high contrast laser and micron thickness targets, which later is collected, analyzed and refocused by an image-relaying beam line using a combination of quadrupole and bending electromagnets. It eliminates the inherent defects of the laser-driven beams, realizes precise manipulation of the proton beams with reliability, availability, maintainability and inspectability (RAMI), and takes the first step towards applications of this new generation of accelerator. With the development of high-rep rate Petawatt (PW) laser technology, we can now envision a new generation of accelerator for many applications in the near future soon.
Grating Projection System for Profiling with the Aid of Fringe Scanning Method. (2nd Report). Application of the Sinusoidal Grating. (1992)

In the first report we tried to apply fringe scanning technique to the grating projection system for shape analysis. But the previous system has a drawback in that the error of measurement increases in proportion to the period of a grating. This error proved to be caused by the intensity profile of a Ronchi grating in the projection optics. In order to improve this defect we propose to use a sinusoidal grating which is printed on a photographic film by modulating the beam from a laser diode. Use of this sinusoidal grating can eliminate errors caused by the Ronchi grating and enlarge the range of measurement with higher accuracy and sensitivity. And also three-dimensional coordinates are calculated absolutely with the origin in the measuring space.
The prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> receptor, EP2, regulates survivin expression via an EGFR/STAT3 pathway in UVB‐exposed mouse skin (2011)

We previously reported that cycloogenase (COX)-2-generated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) had anti-apoptotic effects in UVB-exposed mouse skin that involved EP2-mediated signaling (Chun et al., Cancer Res. 2007; 67: 2015). Because survivin is a regulator of cell survival, the possible involvement of COX-2 and EP2 in survivin expression following UVB exposure of mouse skin was investigated. In wild type mice, UVB exposure time-dependently increased the levels of survivin and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), a transcription factor that regulates survivin expression; and COX-2- or EP2-deficiency significantly reduced their induction. Topical application of the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, also reduced UVB-induced survivin levels. To further investigate the roles of PGE2 and EP2 in the regulation of survivin, indomethacin was used to inhibit UVB-induced endogenous PG production. UVB-induced survivin levels were reduced by indomethacin, and PGE2 and the EP2 agonist, butaprost, partially restored survivin levels. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a downstream effector of EP2 and EGFR inhibition (AG1478) significantly reduced UVB activation of STAT3 and survivin levels. UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis in COX-2-/- mice was reduced by butaprost and EGFR inhibition blocked butaprost’s protective effects. Furthermore, butaprost in the absence of UVB exposure time-dependently increased p-EGFR, p-STAT3, and survivin levels in naïve mouse skin, whereas the EP4 agonist, PGE1 alcohol, did not significantly increase p-STAT3 or survivin levels. These data suggest that COX-2-generated PGE2 regulates survivin expression in mouse skin, in part, via an EP2-mediated EGFR/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, targeting the EP2/survivin pathway may provide a strategy for the chemoprevention/chemotherapy of skin cancer.
Radiographic Assessment and Quantitative Motion Analysis of the Cervical Spine After Serial Sectioning of the Anterior Ligamentous Structures (2007)

The results suggest that extensive damage to the anterior cervical spine could be missed if instability assessment was based on intervertebral rotation or displacements measured from FE radiographs. In contrast, a center of rotation that was located posterior to normal was both sensitive and specific for damage to anterior structures.
Molecular Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Their Biological Function and Prognostic Significance (2001)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma affects more than 500,000 people worldwide each year. Despite optimal treatment with surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy, disease recurrence and progression remains a common and challenging oncological problem. Recently, interest has developed in identifying novel molecular markers that allow identification of those patients at increased risk for locoregional recurrence and death. This article reviews several such molecular markers studied in head and neck cancer, including p53, angiogenesis-related markers, cyclin D1, and epidermal growth factor receptor. The biological function of these markers and the potential clinical implications are discussed. The purpose of this review is to update the otolaryngologist on a rapidly emerging segment of applied translational research in our field.