gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Related Term Extraction in Transliteration into Chinese (2008)

To transliterate foreign words, in Japanese and Korean, phonograms, such as Katakana and Hangul, are used. In Chinese, the pronunciation of a source word is spelled out using Kanji characters. Because Kanji is ideogrammatic representation, different Kanji characters are associated with the same pronunciation, but can potentially con-vey different meanings and impressions. To select appropriate Kanji characters, an ex-isting method requests the user to provide one or more related terms for a source word, which is time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, to reduce this human effort, we use the World Wide Web to extract related terms for source words. We show the effec-tiveness of our method experimentally. 1
Bytecode compression via profiled grammar rewriting (2001)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a method for producing compact, bytecoded instruction sets and interpreters for them. It accepts a grammar for programs written using a simple bytecoded stack-based instruction set, as well as a training set of sample programs. The system transforms the grammar, creating an expanded grammar that represents the same language as the original grammar, but permits a shorter derivation of the sample programs and others like them. A program's derivation under the expanded grammar forms the compressed bytecode representation of the program. The interpreter for this bytecode is automatically generated from the original bytecode interpreter and the expanded grammar. Programs expressed using compressed bytecode can be substantially smaller than their original bytecode representation and even their machine code representation. For example, compression cuts the bytecode for lcc from 199KB to 58KB but increases the size of the interpreter by just over 11KB.
Intrarenal Adenosine Produces Hypertension by Activating the Sympathetic Nervous System via the Renal Nerves In the Dog (1984)

Studies from our laboratory suggest that the afferent renal nerves from the clipped kidney enhance sympathetic nervous system activity in established one-kidney, one clip and two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension. Because adenosine is released during renal ischaemia and adenosine has been shown to increase the frequency of afferent renal nerve signals, we proposed the hypothesis that intrarenal adenosine might produce hypertension by activating the sympathetic nervous system via the afferent renal nerves. To examine this hypothesis, changes in arterial pressure and activity of the sympathetic nervous system were measured during renal artery infusion of adenosine before and after renal denervation in uninephrectomized sodium replete conscious dogs. Intrarenal adenosine infusion produced a 21 ± 3 mmHg mean arterial pressure rise in association with an increase in plasma norepinephrine. Ganglionic blockade during intrarenal adenosine infusion resulted in a significantly greater decrease in arterial pressure compared to control responses. After renal denervation, intrarenal adenosine infusion resulted in no change in arterial pressure, plasma norepinephrine or arterial pressure response to ganglionic blockade. To further assess sympathetic activity changes, right renal norepinephrine secretion and multifibre efferent neural traffic were measured during left renal artery adenosine infusion in α-chloralose-anaesthetized dogs. Left renal artery adenosine infusion resulted in increased right renal vascular resistance in association with increased renal norepinephrine secretion and increased efferent neural activity. The data indicate that in the dog with intact renal nerves, intrarenal adenosine produces hypertension by activating the sympathetic nervous system. Journal of Hypertension 2:349-359, 1984
Acute Tissue Damage After Injections of Thrombin and Plasmin into Rat Striatum (2001)

These results suggested that thrombin and plasmin are harmful to brain cells in vivo. Although the doses required to cause damage are relatively great in consideration of the plasma content of these proteins, their pathological effect might be enhanced through synergism with other mechanisms.
The Activation Energies of Proton Transfer Reactions in Water (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Activation Energies of Proton Transfer Reactions in WaterZ. Luz and S. MeiboomCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 22, 4768–4769Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01076a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01076a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1100Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Hemoglobins, XXI: sequence analysis of porcine hemoglobin (author's transl)]. (1978)

The hemoglobin of a bavarian domestic pig (Suidae) was isolated. The chains were separated by countercurrent distribution, then cleaved with trypsin. The isolated peptides were sequenced with hydrophilic phenylisothiocyanate I and IV, or with a dimethylaminopropyne program in the sequenator. The sequences of the chains are given. Some methodical aspects of automatic sequencing are discussed and the sequences of human porcine hemoglobin are compared. The role of adult pig haemoglobin as foetal hemoglobin is discussed.
Antisense Genes to Induce Exon Inclusion (2012)

Many inherited diseases are associated with changed splicing patterns, and alternative splicing influences several biological processes as well as the replication of certain viral pathogens. For this reason, there is a broad interest in modulating individual splicing events for therapeutic purposes. Based on the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U7, we have developed expression vectors for short antisense RNAs that accumulate in the cell nucleus where splicing occurs and that can very specifically modulate the splicing of individual exons. More specifically, in the context of the fatal neuromuscular disorder Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), we have shown that U7 snRNA constructs can restore the inclusion of exon 7 in the SMN2 gene and thereby alleviate or even fully cure disease symptoms in a severe mouse model for SMA. Here we describe more generally procedures to produce U7 constructs to induce exon inclusion and to test their efficiency in cell culture experiments at the level of RNA as well as protein. The analytical methods comprise reverse transcription (RT-)PCR to detect the splicing changes, quantitative real-time RT-PCR to measure U7 snRNA expression levels and western blot and immunofluorescence methods to detect a restoration of protein expression. Additionally, we indicate how U7 cassettes can be introduced into gene transfer vectors for in vivo experiments in animal models or to transduce cell systems that are not readily amenable to DNA transfection.
Electrical conditioning of adipose‐derived stem cells in a multi‐chamber culture platform (2014)

In tissue engineering, several factors play key roles in providing adequate stimuli for cells differentiation, in particular biochemical and physical stimuli, which try to mimic the physiological microenvironments. Since electrical stimuli are important in the developing heart, we have developed an easy-to-use, cost-effective cell culture platform, able to provide controlled electrical stimulation aimed at investigating the influence of the electric field in the stem cell differentiation process. This bioreactor consists of an electrical stimulator and 12 independent, petri-like culture chambers and a 3-D computational model was used to characterize the distribution and the intensity of the electric field generated in the cell culture volume. We explored the effects of monophasic and biphasic square wave pulse stimulation on a mouse adipose-derived stem cell line (m17.ASC) comparing cell viability, proliferation, protein, and gene expression. Both monophasic (8 V, 2 ms, 1 Hz) and biphasic (+4 V, 1 ms and -4 V, 1 ms; 1 Hz) stimulation were compatible with cell survival and proliferation. Biphasic stimulation induced the expression of Connexin 43, which was found to localize also at the cell membrane, which is its recognized functional mediating intercellular electrical coupling. Electrically stimulated cells showed an induced transcriptional profile more closely related to that of neonatal cadiomyocytes, particularly for biphasic stimulation. The developed platform thus allowed to set-up precise conditions to drive adult stem cells toward a myocardial phenotype solely by physical stimuli, in the absence of exogenously added expensive bioactive molecules, and can thus represent a valuable tool for translational applications for heart tissue engineering and regeneration.
Effects of Segregated Ge on Electrical Properties of SiO<sub>2</sub>/SiGe Interface (1998)

The effects of segregated Ge on the electrical properties of the SiO 2 /SiGe interface are investigated. It is observed that the segregated Ge near the SiO 2 /SiGe interface, formed during oxidation of the SiGe layer, affects the threshold voltage of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure, and that the flat-band voltage shift increases when the Ge segregation is increased. The densities of the interface states and fixed charges are measured using the capacitance-voltage ( C – V ) method, and the relationships between these results and the material properties are examined. From the results, the SiO x structures are responsible for the increased negative fixed charges near the SiO 2 /SiGe interface. The mechanism proposed for the generation of negative fixed charges is that the oxygen in the Ge pileup region forms a Si–O–Ge bonding structure initially, and then the weaker Ge-O bond can easily be broken, leaving a Si–O– dangling bond and elemental Ge. The Si–O– dangling bond assumes a negative fixed charge state by trapping an electron.
造林、保护森林和人——通过参与性农村评估寻求协调方案 (1996)

印度尼西亚政府为保护现存的森林资源,把全国1900万公顷土地划为国家公园和保护区,将3000万公顷土地划为保护性林地,并禁止在上述林地中采伐和垦荒。政府的禁令并不完全行得通。为了自身的发展,不同部门间经常发生冲突,林地内森林砍伐、垦荒现象屡禁不止。
Localization of wearable users using invisible retro-reflective markers and an IR camera (2005)

This paper describes a localization method for wearable computer users. To realize applications of wearable computers like a navigation system, the position of a user is required for location-based services. Many localization methods in indoor environments have been proposed. One of the methods estimates user's position using IR beacons or visual markers. However, these methods have same problems concerning power supply and/or undesirable visual effects. In order to avoid the problems, we propose a new localization method which is based on using an IR camera and invisible markers consisting of translucent retro-reflectors. In the proposed method, to extract the regions of the markers from the captured images stably, the camera captures the reflection of IR LEDs which are flashed on and off synchronously.
Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC) (2008)

SUMMARY Following a request from the Commission, the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC) was asked to provide a scientific opinion on the safety of aluminium from all sources of dietary intake. In the event the estimated exposure for a particular sub-group(s) is found to exceed the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake, a detailed breakdown by exposure source should be provided. Aluminium occurs naturally in the environment and is also released due to anthropogenic activities such as mining and industrial uses, in the production of aluminium metal and other aluminium compounds. A variety of aluminium compounds are produced and used for different purposes, such as in water treatment, papermaking, fire retardant, fillers, food additives, colours and pharmaceuticals. Aluminium metal, mainly in the form of alloys with other metals, has many uses including in consumer appliances, food packaging and cookware.
Review of Horizontal Drilling (1995)

ABSTRACT Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has drilled 350 horizontal wells in the past 8 years in 33 different oil and gas fields. Since the first wells were drilled the technology and its applications have evolved considerably. The paper describes that rapid evolution using four fields as examples. There has been a diversification of well designs as we have learnt how to tailor horizontal drilling most effectively to different situations. In many cases wells can be drilled faster and Cheaper than 5 years ago, but there are also examples where more elaborate designs have been applied. The geological targeting and evaluation of the wells has also improved. Further evolution is planned with the next step likely to be the wider use of multi-wellbore horizontals.
Expression of CXCR4 predicts lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer (2004)

9525 Background: Recent experimental studies have suggested that interactions between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 in host organs may play a role in breast cancer progression. There is currently no data if CXCR4 expression is associated with metastatic potential in early breast cancer. Therefore, we studied the differential expression of CXCR4 in small size lymph node positive and lymph node negative breast cancers to evaluate whether CXCR4 predicts metastasis to axillary lymph nodes. Methods: CXCR4 expression was evaluated on paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from patients with T1N0 (n=98) and T1N1 (n=99) breast cancer, using immunohistochemical staining. The intensity, staining percentage, and localization pattern (nuclear, cytoplasmic) were assessed, and positivity was categorized as follows: high cytoplasmic only versus others, and predominantly nuclear versus others. The expression patterns were correlated with lymph node status, and with other prognostic markers including ER/PR, bcl-2, HER2/neu and EGFR. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used in categorical analyses. Results: High cytoplasmic only staining pattern was associated with increased lymph node metastasis (4% in T1N0 versus 13% in T1N1; p=0.04). In contrast, predominantly nuclear staining pattern was more frequently observed in lymph node negative patients (55% in T1N0 versus 36% in T1N1, p=0.008). Increased bcl-2 expression, previously reported as a good prognostic marker, was also more common in tumors that expressed predominantly nuclear CXCR4 compared to tumors with other staining patterns (74% vs 61%, respectively, p= 0.04). No significant correlation was identified between staining patterns of CXCR4, and ER/PR, HER2/neu or EGFR expression. Conclusion: The different staining pattern of CXCR4 (nuclear versus cytoplasmic) appears to have different biological significance for metastatic potential of breast cancer. CXCR4 expression may be a useful marker to predict lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Optical flow determination with complex-sinusoidally modulated imaging (2006)

In this paper, we study optical flow determination using a novel imaging device, correlation image sensor (CIS). The proposed method is based on the optical flow equation between intensity image and complex sinusoidally-modulated image captured simultaneously by CIS. Since it does not involve time derivative, only one frame is required for estimation. Moreover, the velocity limitation by the approximate frame differential is avoided
The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization.C. G. OverbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 21, 4739Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01075a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01075a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Role of MicroRNA in Late Preconditioning (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides that are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression. Their role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is currently unknown. We hypothesized that miRNAs induced after IPC in the heart may create a preconditioned phenotype through upregulating proteins including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock protein (HSP)70, which are implicated in the late-phase protection of IPC. miRNAs were extracted from hearts of ICR mice following IPC. The purified miRNAs were injected in vivo into the left ventricular wall of mice, and, 48 hours later, the hearts were subjected to regional ischemia/reperfusion injury by left anterior descending artery ligation for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hour. IPC caused no changes in miRNA-23b and miRNA-483 whereas miRNA-1, miRNA-21and miRNA-24 were significantly increased. The IPC-miRNA treatment caused an increase in eNOS mRNA and protein, whereas iNOS was not changed. HSF-1 (heat shock transcription factor 1) and HSP70 were also increased with IPC-miRNA treatment versus control. Moreover, injection of IPC-miRNA protected the hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury, as shown by a reduction of infarct size as compared with saline or non-IPC miRNA-treated control. We conclude that IPC-induced miRNAs trigger cardioprotection similar to the delayed phase of IPC, possibly through upregulating eNOS, HSP70, and the HSP70 transcription factor HSF-1.
Analysis of the Gene-Dense Major Histocompatibility Complex Class III Region and Its Comparison to Mouse (2003)

In mammals, the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I and II gene clusters are separated by an approximately 700-kb stretch of sequence called the MHC class III region, which has been associated with susceptibility to numerous diseases. To facilitate understanding of this medically important and architecturally interesting portion of the genome, we have sequenced and analyzed both the human and mouse class III regions. The cross-species comparison has facilitated the identification of 60 genes in human and 61 in mouse, including a potential RNA gene for which the introns are more conserved across species than the exons. Delineation of global organization, gene structure, alternative splice forms, protein similarities, and potential cis-regulatory elements leads to several conclusions: (1) The human MHC class III region is the most gene-dense region of the human genome: >14% of the sequence is coding, approximately 72% of the region is transcribed, and there is an average of 8.5 genes per 100 kb. (2) Gene sizes, number of exons, and intergenic distances are for the most part similar in both species, implying that interspersed repeats have had little impact in disrupting the tight organization of this densely packed set of genes. (3) The region contains a heterogeneous mixture of genes, only a few of which have a clearly defined and proven function. Although many of the genes are of ancient origin, some appear to exist only in mammals and fish, implying they might be specific to vertebrates. (4) Conserved noncoding sequences are found primarily in or near the 5'-UTR or the first intron of genes, and seldom in the intergenic regions. Many of these conserved blocks are likely to be cis-regulatory elements.
Effect of antihypertensive medication on endurance exercise capacity in hypertensive sportsmen (1991)

Beta-adrenoceptor blockade can influence exercise capacity negatively, but data on the effect of converting enzyme inhibition and of calcium entry blockade on exercise capacity in hypertensive sportsmen are scarce. This report deals with the effect of the various types of antihypertensive medication on endurance exercise capacity in 14 hypertensive sportsmen, aged 39 +/- 3 years and weighing 73 +/- 2 kg (mean +/- s.e.m.). The patients were treated for 3 weeks with either placebo, atenolol (50 mg/day) enalapril (10 mg/day) or verapamil (240 mg/day) following a double-blind randomized cross-over design. At the end of each treatment period, they performed an endurance exercise test on the bicycle until exhaustion at 70% of their previously determined exercise capacity. Venous blood was sampled before and after exercise. In comparison with placebo, total exercise duration was not affected by enalapril (-3 +/- 7%) or verapamil (-7 +/- 11%). During treatment with atenolol, two patients had to interrupt their intake of the beta-blocker because of side effects. In the 12 remaining subjects, exercise duration was significantly decreased by 38 +/- 12% (P less than 0.01). Atenolol also induced decreases in plasma-free fatty acid concentration before and after exercise and an increase in potassium concentration after exercise, whereas enalapril and verapamil did not induce metabolic changes. During exercise, systolic blood pressure was decreased by atenolol (P less than 0.001) and enalapril (P less than 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure by enalapril (P less than 0.001), verapamil (P less than 0.05) and atenolol(P = 0.06).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Study of 3D Hair Modeling Methods (2006)

In some virtual reality systems,such as simulated human body model,computer games and stunts in movies,there is a need of hair modeling.This paper presents a survey on the technologies of hair modeling in computer virtual reality,with a detailed introduction to the main employed methods in the field.The process of generating a hair image is very complex and slow,because of the extremely huge number of hair strands and inherent properties of hair.In order to solve these problems,it's worth while to study this technology.The main methods for simulating hair are: direct model,volumetric texture model,wisp model and loosely connected particle system,etc.To reduce time and computation cost,this paper proposes a hair modeling method based on particle system.