gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The promise of new antiepileptic drugs (2002)

Epilepsy is the most common serious disorder of the brain and comprises a wide range of different conditions with varying aetiologies. The long-established antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) control seizures in 50% of patients developing partial seizures, and 60-70% of those developing generalized seizures. Several AEDs were made available in the 1990s. These drugs have efficacy, but have had only a modest impact on those with refractory epilepsies. A 50% seizure reduction, which is commonly used as an endpoint in clinical trials, confers little benefit to a patient. Of the newer AEDs, lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine are now licensed for use as monotherapy and vigabatrin has a monotherapy licence for infantile spasms. Careful and prolonged postmarketing surveillance is essential to detect adverse effects, which may not be evident in premarketing clinical trials. At this time, there are 10 AEDs currently in varying stages of clinical development. Current strategies for selecting an AED for a particular patient are crude. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic measures of cerebral neuro-transmitters and genetic analysis may allow better prediction of which drug is most likely to be efficacious and to have low risk of adverse effects. Present AEDs suppress the occurrence of seizures. Agents that prevent the development of epilepsy and which protect the brain from the consequences of seizures would be of great value, but it will be difficult to prove their effectiveness. At present AEDs are given continually and systemically. Local drug delivery is feasible and could avoid the adverse effects of AEDs. The combination of local drug delivery with prediction of seizure occurrence could revolutionize the treatment of currently refractory epilepsies.
Dynamics of the epigenetic landscape during erythroid differentiation after GATA1 restoration (2011)

Interplays among lineage-specific nuclear proteins, chromatin modifying enzymes, and the basal transcription machinery govern cellular differentiation, but their dynamics of action and coordination with transcriptional control are not fully understood. Alterations in chromatin structure appear to establish a permissive state for gene activation at some loci, but they play an integral role in activation at other loci. To determine the predominant roles of chromatin states and factor occupancy in directing gene regulation during differentiation, we mapped chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and nuclear factor occupancy genome-wide during mouse erythroid differentiation dependent on the master regulatory transcription factor GATA1. Notably, despite extensive changes in gene expression, the chromatin state profiles (proportions of a gene in a chromatin state dominated by activating or repressive histone modifications) and accessibility remain largely unchanged during GATA1-induced erythroid differentiation. In contrast, gene induction and repression are strongly associated with changes in patterns of transcription factor occupancy. Our results indicate that during erythroid differentiation, the broad features of chromatin states are established at the stage of lineage commitment, largely independently of GATA1. These determine permissiveness for expression, with subsequent induction or repression mediated by distinctive combinations of transcription factors.
Quantification of Permeability Structure in Distributary-Channel Deposits, Ferron Sandstone, Utah1 (1991)

Abstract Outcrop studies provide high-resolution information about facies architectural controls on the spatial distribution of petrophysical attributes in reservoir analogs. Unit 5 of the Ferron delta system in central Utah, a wave-modified deltaic sandstone, has been selected for detailed analysis as an analog for Gulf Coast deltaic reservoirs. This deltaic unit consists of a meandering distributary system that fed stratified delta-front deposits. Lateral migration, coupled with rising base level, resulted in horizontally and vertically heterogeneous distributary sandstones, in contrast to the delta front, where vertical heterogeneity is dominant and lateral complexity minimal. Permeability distribution and structure are strongly related to facies architecture and composition, bedding (or stratal) type, and grain size. Although overlap exists in the permeability character of facies and stratal types, they are statistically different. Bounding surfaces separating facies provide the major discontinuities in permeability structure. Variogram analysis indicates correlation at several scales, and largest correlation lengths are 600 ft (183 m) in the distributary-channel sandstones. At the stratal level, horizontal correlation lengths are less than 20 ft (<6 m) and relate to erosional discontinuities and bed size.
Genetic Approaches to Electrogenic Proton Transport by a Yeast H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (1994)

A genetic approach is used to probe electrogenic proton transport by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA1). Mutations in PMA1 , selected by growth resistance to hygromycin B, cause a depolarization of cellular membrane potential. Enzyme from one mutant, pma1-105 (Ser368 → Phe), is largely insensitive to imposed membrane voltage and appears to catalyze electroneutral H+ transport. A countercurrent of K+ may provide charge compensation in this enzyme. Second-site mutations that partially revert the pma1-105 phenotype were identified within the membrane sector and provide strong evidence for coupling between cytoplasmic and membrane domains. Mutations conferring hygromycin B resistance have been identified in both cytoplasmic and membrane domains, and multiple transmembrane segments are presumed to be important for electrogenic H+ transport. However, a special emphasis is placed on the role of transmembrane segments 1 and 2, which provide the starting point for a more inclusive structural model of the membrane sector.
Effects of Alumina Addition on Crystallization of Borosilicate Glass (1989)

In order to clarify the crystallization mechanism of glass phase in glass/ceramic composites, relations between crystallization behaviour and the particle size of borosilicate glass were investigated. Further by changing alumina content of the glass/ceramic composites, the effects of alumina on crystallization of glass in glass/ceramic composite were discussed. The crystallization of borosilicate glass powders depend on particle size and cristobalite crystals are formed in the glass powders of less than 5mm diameter. The glass/ceramic composites containing 25wt% alumina do not show any crystallization tendencies and have thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) close to that of Si single crystal. Al in alumina particles diffuse in glass phase during firing. The Al and Si take places of the network former of glass. Consequently, these changes of composition and viscosity in glass phase is supposed to prevent the crystallization.
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the mitogenic action of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in capillary endothelial cells by blocking Raf activation (1997)

Proliferation of endothelial cells is regulated by angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors whose actions are mediated by complex interactions of multiple signaling pathways. Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulate cell proliferation and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in bovine brain capillary endothelial (BBE) cells. We have extended these findings to show that both mitogens activate MAPK via stimulation of Raf-3. Activation of Raf/MAPK is inhibited by increasing intracellular cAMP levels pharmacologically or via stimulation of endogenously expressed beta-adrenergic receptors. Both VEGF- and bFGF-induced Raf-1 activity are blocked in the presence of forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP by 80%. The actions of increased cAMP appear to be mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), since treatment with H-89, a the specific inhibitor of PKA, reversed the inhibitory effect of elevated cAMP levels on mitogen-induced cell proliferation and Raf/MAPK activation. Moreover, elevations in cAMP/PKA activity inhibit mitogen-induced cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate, in cultured endothelial cells, that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is potentially an important physiological inhibitor of mitogen activation of the MAPK cascade and cell proliferation.
The lncRNAs involved in mouse airway allergic inflammation following induced pluripotent stem cell-mesenchymal stem cell treatment (2017)

Our results suggested that aberrant lncRNA profiles were present after asthma induction and iPSC-MSC treatment, suggesting potential targets of allergic inflammation and iPSC-MSC-mediated immunomodulation.
An SVD-Polarization Filter for Ground Roll Attenuation on Multicomponent Data (2005)

1 A18 AN SVD-POLARIZATION FILTER FOR GROUND ROLL ATTENUATION ON MULTICOMPONENT DATA R. KENDALL 1 S. JIM 1 S. RONEN 1 K. DE MEERSMAN 2 1 Veritas Suite 2200 715 – 5 th Avenue SW Calgary Alberta Canada T2P 5A2 2 School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Summary By their very nature multicomponent data provide information on the full wavefield and therefore offer new full-wavefield solutions for the ground roll problem. Here we introduce a time domain multicomponent Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) polarization filter that is optimized to remove most ground roll energy while
Cancer Stem Cells: How can we Target them? (2008)

One of the most exciting concepts being explored in cancer research today is the idea of cancer stem cells. Evidence for the existence of such cells was first proposed for haematological malignancies and, more recently, for solid tumors, including breast, brain, colon and pancreatic cancer. The cancer stem cell hypothesis states that a minority of transformed stem cells, or progenitors with acquired self-renewal properties, are the source of tumor cell renewal and thereby determine the behaviour of tumors, including proliferation, spreading and response to chemo- and radiotherapy. Indeed, just as somatic stem cells may be resistant to the induction of apoptosis by cytotoxic agents and radiation therapy, cancer stem cells may display increased resistance to these agents as compared with the more differentiated cells that comprise the mass of tumors. More specifically, the reactivation of varied developmental signalling cascades (epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGFR, stem cell factor (SCF)/KIT, sonic hedgehog, Notch, and/or Wnt/beta-catenin) combined with the increased DNA repair mechanisms and ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux in cancer stem cells may be responsible for their resistance to conventional therapies. Furthermore, changes in the local microenvironment of cancer stem cells may also influence their behaviour. Thus, the molecular targeting of such highly tumorigenic cancer cells must be considered for improving the efficacy of the current anti-cancer strategies with the aim to sensitize tumors toward conventional therapies and effectively abrogate tumorigenesis. This review provides a summary of some developments in the field of cancer stem cell targeting and highlights aspects where it could be of help in the drug discovery process.
Direct determination of lead airborne particulates by nonflame atomic absorption (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect determination of lead airborne particulates by nonflame atomic absorptionJ. P. Matousek and K. G. BrodieCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 9, 1606–1609Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60331a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60331a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Si nanowire device and its modeling (2010)

Because of its nature of effectively suppressing the off-leakage current with gate around configuration, the Si nanowire FET has been thought be the ultimate structure for for ultra-small CMOS devices towards their downsizing limit. Recently, several experimental data of Si nanowire FETs with very high on-current much larger than that of planar MOSFETs have been published. Thus, Si nanowire FETs are now drawing attention as the most promising candidate for the mainstream CMOS devices in 2020s. In order for the Si nanowire FETs to be introduced into integrated circuits, good compact models which circuit designers can easily handle with are essential. However, it is a really challenging task to establish the compact model, because I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> characteristics of the Si nanowire FETs are affected by the band structure of the nanowire, and the band structure are very sensitive with the nanowire diameter, cross-sectional shape, crystal orientation, mechanical stress, and interface states. In this paper, recent research status of Si nanowire FETs in experimental and theoretical works are described.
The structure of the culturable root bacterial endophyte community of <i>Nicotiana attenuata</i> is organized by soil composition and host plant ethylene production and perception (2009)

*A plant's bacterial endophyte community is thought to be recruited from the rhizosphere, but how this recruitment is influenced by the plant's phytohormone signaling is unknown. Ethylene regulates plant-microbe interactions; here, we assess the role of ethylene in the recruitment of culturable endophytic bacteria from native soils. *We grew wild-type Nicotiana attenuata plants and isogenic transformed plants deficient in ethylene biosynthesis (ir-aco1) or perception (35S-etr1) in four native soils and quantified the extent of culturable bacterial endophyte colonization (by plate counting) and diversity (by amplified rDNA restriction analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing). *The endophyte community composition was influenced by soil type and ethylene signaling. Plants grown in organic (vs mineral) soils harbored a more diverse community and plants impaired in ethylene homeostasis harbored a less diverse community than wild-type plants. Wild-type and ethylene signaling-impaired plants fostered distinct bacteria in addition to common ones. In vitro re-colonization by common and genotype-specific isolates demonstrated the specificity of some associations and the susceptibility of 35S-etr1 seedlings to all tested bacterial isolates, suggesting an active process of colonization driven by plant- and microbe-specific genes. *We propose that soil composition and ethylene homeostasis play central roles in structuring the bacterial endophyte community in N. attenuata roots.
Conducting‐Polymer Nanotubes Improve Electrical Properties, Mechanical Adhesion, Neural Attachment, and Neurite Outgrowth of Neural Electrodes (2010)

An in vitro comparison of conducting-polymer nanotubes of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy) and to their film counterparts is reported. Impedance, charge-capacity density (CCD), tendency towards delamination, and neurite outgrowth are compared. For the same deposition charge density, PPy films and nanotubes grow relatively faster vertically, while PEDOT films and nanotubes grow more laterally. For the same deposition charge density (1.44 C cm(-2)), PPy nanotubes and PEDOT nanotubes have lower impedance (19.5 +/- 2.1 kOmega for PPy nanotubes and 2.5 +/- 1.4 kOmega for PEDOT nanotubes at 1 kHz) and higher CCD (184 +/- 5.3 mC cm(-2) for PPy nanotubes and 392 +/- 6.2 mC cm(-2) for PEDOT nanotubes) compared to their film counterparts. However, PEDOT nanotubes decrease the impedance of neural-electrode sites by about two orders of magnitude (bare iridium 468.8 +/- 13.3 kOmega at 1 kHz) and increase capacity of charge density by about three orders of magnitude (bare iridium 0.1 +/- 0.5 mC cm(-2)). During cyclic voltammetry measurements, both PPy and PEDOT nanotubes remain adherent on the surface of the silicon dioxide while PPy and PEDOT films delaminate. In experiments of primary neurons with conducting-polymer nanotubes, cultured dorsal root ganglion explants remain more intact and exhibit longer neurites (1400 +/- 95 microm for PPy nanotubes and 2100 +/- 150 microm for PEDOT nanotubes) than their film counterparts. These findings suggest that conducting-polymer nanotubes may improve the long-term function of neural microelectrodes.
Templates for synthesis from VHDL (2002)

Two templates for synthesizable VHDL description styles and their corresponding hardware are presented. One style is at the dataflow level with an explicit clocking scheme. The other uses behavioral VHDL for describing functionality and dataflow for architectural specification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed simulation model for computer integrated manufacturing (1994)

We discuss the necessity of a simulation tool which can handle a large and complex manufacturing system under CIM environment, and then consider problems incurred by developing such a large system model. A distributed simulation model developed on a distributed computer system is then shown to be a promising method to cope with the problems. Lastly, a time bucket method with time warp mechanism is proposed for the synchronization of the distributed simulation and its computational features are investigated by modeling a virtual factory on six workstations connected by the ethernet.
Designing WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using limited wavelength conversion (2004)

Summary form only given. Optical communication, in particular, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique, has become a promising networking choice to meet ever-increasing demands on bandwidth from emerging bandwidth-intensive computing/networking applications. A major challenge in designing WDM optical interconnects is how to provide maximum connectivity while keeping minimum hardware cost. The overall hardware cost of a WDM optical interconnect includes not only the cost of switching elements, but also the cost of wavelength conversion. Previous work mainly focused on minimizing hardware cost without taking into consideration of the type of wavelength converters used. We design WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using the low cost limited wavelength converters. We present optimal WDM optical interconnects for both permutation and multicast in single stage and multistage implementations. We also discuss the impact of the relationship between the number of fibers and the number of wavelengths per fiber on the optimal design. As can be seen, the newly designed WDM optical interconnects have minimum hardware cost in terms of the number of crosspoints and wavelength conversion cost.
A three-phase high power factor PWM ZVS power supply with a single power stage (2002)

This paper introduces a new switching mode power supply with the following properties: zero-voltage switching; pulse-width modulation at constant frequency; three-phase input with high power factor; and low input current distortion, using a single power stage formed by a full-bridge DC to DC power converter. Circuit operation, theoretical analysis, simulation, and design procedures and examples are presented. A laboratory prototype rated at 1.5 kW and operating at 100 kHz has been fabricated and tested successfully. The corresponding experimental results are included in the paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Cell Motility by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (1997)

Cell interaction with adhesive proteins or growth factors in the extracellular matrix initiates Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling. Evidence is provided that MAP kinase (ERK1 and ERK2) influences the cells' motility machinery by phosphorylating and, thereby, enhancing myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity leading to phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Inhibition of MAP kinase activity causes decreased MLCK function, MLC phosphorylation, and cell migration on extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast, expression of mutationally active MAP kinase kinase causes activation of MAP kinase leading to phosphorylation of MLCK and MLC and enhanced cell migration. In vitro results support these findings since ERK-phosphorylated MLCK has an increased capacity to phosphorylate MLC and shows increased sensitivity to calmodulin. Thus, we define a signaling pathway directly downstream of MAP kinase, influencing cell migration on the extracellular matrix.
Standing stability evaluation using a triaxial accelerometer (2002)

A triaxial accelerometer is placed at the back of the subject at the height of the center of mass. Force plate data are collected simultaneously. Subjects stand in a comfortable position with eyes open, eyes closed and doing cognitive tasks; and with feet together with eyes open and closed. The cognitive tasks are: mathematical, auditory Stroop and memory. The force plate data are processed to obtain the center of pressure and from it the parameters of: mean radius, speed and frequency, and base of support. The same parameters are obtained from the combined accelerations vector projection on the floor, found from the triaxial accelerometer data. The mean angular velocity, angular acceleration and accelerations in the horizontal plane at the level of the accelerometer are calculated T-tests indicate that for most parameters the accelerometer measurements are able to distinguish between the different test conditions as well as the force plate (p/spl les/0.05).
Coupled Multicore Fiber Design With Low Intercore Differential Mode Delay for High-Density Space Division Multiplexing (2014)

A moderately coupled multicore fiber (MCF) design is proposed with the aim of realizing both low intercore multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processing complexity and high-space utilization efficiency. We numerically and experimentally investigated the influence of mode coupling on the intercore differential mode delay (DMD) in homogeneous core MCF, and show a moderately coupled MCF design to avoid increasing the intercore DMD, which enables us to compensate for the intercore crosstalk by MIMO processing with low computational complexity. Finally, we fabricated 125-μm-cladding two LP-mode six-core fiber and experimentally realized the highest normalized channel multiplicity of 18 without a noticeable DMD increase induced by mode coupling.