gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 screening strategies that permit the safe re-opening of college campuses (2020)

With Rt = 2.5, daily screening with a 70% sensitive, 98% specific test produces 85 cumulative student infections and isolation dormitory daily census averaging 108 (88% false positives). Screening every 2 (7) days nets 135 (3662) cumulative infections and daily isolation census 66 (252) with 73% (4%) false positives. Across all scenarios, test frequency exerts more influence on outcomes than test sensitivity. Cost-effectiveness analysis selects screening every {2, 1, 7} days with a 70% sensitive test as the preferred strategy for Rt = {2.5, 3.5, 1.5}, implying a screening cost of {$470, $920, $120} per student per semester. Conclusions & Relevance: Rapid, inexpensive and frequently conducted screening (even if only 70% sensitive) would be cost-effective and produce a modest number of COVID-19 infections. While the optimal screening frequency hinges on the success of behavioral interventions to reduce the base severity of transmission (Rt), this could permit the safe return of student to campus.
Nanoindentation technique for characterizing cantilever beam style RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches (2005)

A nanoindentation technique was used to mechanically actuate a radio frequency micro-switch along with the measurement of contact resistance to investigate its applicability to characterize deflection and contact resistance behaviors of micro-sized cantilever beam switches. The resulting load–displacement relationship showed a discontinuity in slope when the micro-switch closed. The measured spring constants reasonably agreed with theoretical values obtained from the simple beam models. The change in contact resistance during test clearly indicated micro-switch closure but it did not coincide exactly with the physical contact between two electric contacts due to a resistive contaminated film.
Purification and characterization of human salivary peroxidase (1988)

Human salivary peroxidase (SPO) has been purified to homogeneity by subjecting human parotid saliva to immunoaffinity, cation exchange, and affinity chromatography. These procedures resulted in a 992-fold purification of the enzyme. When purified SPO was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), three Coomassie stainable bands were apparent, all of which stained positive for enzyme activity. The apparent molecular weights of the three bands were 78,000, 80,000, and 280,000 as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in a decreased mobility of these bands, and enzyme activity could no longer be detected on the gels. The SPO preparation had the characteristic peroxidase heme spectrum in the range 405-420 nm. The ratio between the absorbance of the Soret band (412 nm) and the absorbance at 280 nm was 0.81. The enzyme activity was inhibited by the classical peroxidase inhibitors cyanide and azide. Salivary peroxidase is similar to bovine lactoperoxidase (LPO) in amino acid composition, in ultraviolet and visible spectrum, in reaction with cyanide, in susceptibility to 2-mercaptoethanol inactivation, and in thermal stability. The two enzymes differ in carbohydrate composition and content. SPO contains 4.6% and LPO 7% total neutral sugars. The ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine is 2:1 in SPO and 3:1 in LPO. SPO contains mannose, fucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.5:1.5:1.0, while the ratio was 14.9:0.5:1.0 in LPO. Glucose was present in both preparations in minor amounts. The concentration of azide required for 50% inhibition of enzyme activity was 20-fold greater for LPO than for SPO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MOCO for High-Resolution ScanSAR via Full-Aperture Processing (2015)

In this paper, a novel Doppler rate (DR) estimation-based two-dimensional (2-D) subaperture motion compensation (MOCO) approach is proposed for high-resolution scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) mode. It can estimate space-variant phase errors in different subswaths simultaneously by exploiting data of multiple subswaths. High-resolution ScanSAR images, produced by full-aperture processing algorithm, are often defocused by uncompensated phase errors. As a result of the periodic gapped data in each subswath in ScanSAR mode, the performance of the commonly used stripmap MOCO approaches will be degraded or even not work when using full-aperture processing algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an airborne ScanSAR real data set containing different types of terrain, with a high geometric resolution of about 3.5 m (mid or far range) or 5 m (near range) in azimuth working at C band.
Extraction, Compositional Studies and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Palm Kernel Oil (2009)

Proximate, physico-chemical and elemental analysis of palm Kernel nut were determined to contain fat/oil 42%, crude protein 7.01%, moisture 6.5%, crude fibre 11.09% and carbohydrate (by difference) 33.40%. The elemental composition (mg/100 g), included :Na (37.00±0.40), K (39.51±0.22), Mg (3.60±0.1), Ca (19.0±0.42), Fe (20.04±0.28), Zn (2.82±0.30), P (3.4±0.00). The result of the physico-chemical properties of the palm kernel oil are:-saponification value (232.815 mgKOH/g), refractive index (1.453), iodine value (41.24g/100g), acid value (11.60 mgKOH/g) and peroxide value (1.70meq/kg).
DigiClip: activating physical documents (2004)

Today many documents are held in parallel as electronic files and as paper based documents. Keeping the properties of both versions in sync is important to assure consistency between the physical and virtual instances of one document. We introduce the DigiClip system that provides a solution to automatically enforce such consistency by converting passive paper documents to active physical documents. The main component of the system is the DigiClip device, a clip with embedded computing, sensing and communication technology that is attached to a paper document. The device is able to supervise the status of the document and to communicate to a software component that supervises the electronic instance of the same document. In this way the DigiClip system enables applications to automatically coordinate properties like integrity and access restrictions and to keep track of changes both of the physical and the virtual document.
Modulation of hnRNP A1 protein gene expression by epidermal growth factor in Rat-1 cells (1988)

The levels of mRNA encoding hnRNP core protein A1 have been compared in quiescent and proliferating Rat-1 embryonic fibroblasts. Northern blot hybridization analyses using probes made from an A1 cDNA clone, lambda HDP-182, isolated by Cobianchi et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 261:3536-2543 (1986] indicated that three sizes of poly A + RNAs, 1.6, 2.0, & 4.0 kb, have extensive sequence homology. The levels of all three A1 RNA species are responsive to the proliferation state of the cells. Stimulation of quiescent Rat-1 cells with serum or epidermal growth factor resulted in a 2- to 5-fold increase in the levels of each of these three RNAs that was evident after 2 hours and reached a peak after about 8 hours. Addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, along with epidermal growth factor completely blocked the upsurge in A1 RNA levels. Thus, the A1 RNA species are not primary transcriptional targets of epidermal growth factor but do show an induction pattern similar to mRNAs encoding some glycolytic enzymes.
Understanding API Usage to Support Informed Decision Making in Software Maintenance (2012)

Reuse of third-party libraries promises significant productivity improvements in software development. However, dependencies on external libraries and their APIs also introduce risks to a project and impact strategic decisions during development and maintenance. Informed decision making therefore requires a thorough understanding of the extent and nature of dependencies on external APIs. As realistically sized applications are often heavily entangled with various external APIs, gaining this understanding is infeasible with manual inspections only. To address this, we present an automated approach to analyze the dependencies of software projects on external APIs. The approach is supported by a static analysis tool featuring a visualization of the analysis results. We evaluate the approach as well as the tooling on multiple open source Java systems.
Synergy of National Agricultural Innovation Systems (2018)

Synergy among the various components of national agricultural innovation systems (AISs) promotes agricultural development. This paper investigated the innovation synergy among the various innovation elements of national AISs. First, we developed a synergy analysis model consisting of three innovation variables (innovation allocation, innovation output, and innovation potentiality) and one control variable (government policy supports). Secondly, a broad set of innovation indicators was selected to describe the innovation variables and the control variable, and the solutions of the order parameter equation were then calculated to investigate the self-organized synergistic patterns of a panel of the Group of Twenty (G20) countries. The empirical results indicated the following. (1) All of the G20 countries’ national AISs had the potential to evolve into more advanced self-organized synergistic states under current government policy support. Furthermore, all of the developing countries were in the active period of synergy, showing stronger synergistic rising powers. However, most of the developed countries were in the stable or general period of synergy, in which synergistic rising powers were relatively weaker; (2) Stronger government policy supports played a positive role in promoting the interaction and collaboration among innovation elements and promoted the national AIS to evolve into a more advanced self-organized synergistic state. This study has important implications for understanding the complex innovation synergy of national AISs, as well as for the design and implementation of agricultural innovation strategies for policy-makers.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Electrospun Polymer Microfibers (2011)

The preparation of electrospun polymer microfibers with nitric oxide (NO)-release capabilities is described. Polymer solutions containing disodium 1-[2-(carboxylato)pyrrolidin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PROLI/NO), a low-molecular-weight NO donor, were electrospun to generate fibers ranging from 100-3000 nm in diameter capable of releasing NO upon immersion in aqueous solutions under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C), with kinetics depending on polymer composition and fiber diameter. The NO release half-life for PROLI/NO-doped electrospun fibers was 2-200 times longer than that of PROLI/NO alone. The influence of polymer concentration, applied voltage, capillary diameter, solution conductivity, flow rate, and additives on fiber properties are reported and discussed with respect to potential applications.
Molecular filtered Rayleigh scattering applied to combustion (2001)

Molecular filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS), employing an iodine vapour filter and an injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser, was utilized to measure instantaneous and average temperature fields in combustion environments. With FRS thermometry, the vapour within the cell strongly absorbs background scattering from surfaces and particles, while much of the Doppler-broadened Rayleigh scattering is not absorbed by the iodine transition; the gas temperature can then be deduced from the measured transmission of the molecular Rayleigh scattering. For demonstration purposes and to evaluate the accuracy of the technique, we employed a near-adiabatic hydrogen-air flame. The accuracy of the FRS measurements was investigated by comparing FRS-derived temperatures with those (1) calculated assuming adiabatic equilibrium conditions and (2) recorded with the CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy) technique. For the hydrogen-air flames, the FRS method gave temperatures within 2% of the expected value. The FRS thermometry instrument was then applied to a stagnation-flow, premixed methane-air flame; images recorded here demonstrate the utility of the FRS method for temperature imaging, particularly near surfaces. In this flow field, we compared the FRS temperatures with those from a one-dimensional model and investigated the radial extent of the uniform temperature region, to assess the assumption of one-dimensionality. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous measurements of the temperature and velocity fields, the latter derived from the particle image velocimetry technique.
Developmental Regulation of (1→3, 1→4)-β-Glucanase Gene Expression in Barley (1992)

Two genes encode (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.73) isoenzymes EI and EII in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Specific DNA probes have been used in Northern analyses to examine the developmental regulation of individual (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanase genes in the aleurone and scutellum of germinated grain and in young leaves and young roots. In aleurone and scutella excised from germinated grain, mRNAs encoding both isoenzymes are present but developmental patterns differ between the two tissues. Thus, levels of both isoenzyme EI and EII mRNA increase significantly in the aleurone between 1 and 3 days after the initiation of germination. In the scutellum, isoenzyme EI mRNA predominates and decreases as germination proceeds. Isoenzyme EI mRNA appears in young leaves approximately 8 days after the initiation of germination and levels rise until about 20 days. Enzyme activity in leaf extracts parallels the development of isoenzyme EI mRNA. No isoenzyme EII mRNA is detected in the leaves in this period. Analysis of RNA from different leaf segments indicates that the isoenzyme EI mRNA is distributed relatively evenly along the length of the leaf. In young roots, mRNA encoding (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanase isoenzyme EI is detected at high levels 3 to 6 days after the initiation of germination; again, little or no isoenzyme EII mRNA is found. Overall, transcription of the (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanase isoenzyme EII gene appears to be restricted to the germinating grain, whereas isoenzyme EI is expressed in a wider range of tissues during seedling development.
Free standing polydiacetylene films cast from bilayer membranes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree standing polydiacetylene films cast from bilayer membranesThauming. Kuo and David F. O'BrienCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 22, 7571–7572Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00230a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00230a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliability Estimation of Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems: Boolean Truth Table Method (2006)

This paper investigates the application of the Boolean truth table modelling method in estimating the reliability parameters such as the system's failure rates and mean time between failures (MTBF), for the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. All possible state combinations (operating and failed states) of the major components in the UPS systems were listed and their effects on overall system were studied. The method was applied to five UPS configurations and the results obtained were compared to the results from other reliability estimation method such as the reliability block diagram (RBD) method and field data estimation method
Interaction generality, a measurement to assess the reliability of a protein-protein interaction (2002)

Here we introduce the 'interaction generality' measure, a new method for computationally assessing the reliability of protein-protein interactions obtained in biological experiments. This measure is basically the number of proteins involved in a given interaction and also adopts the idea that interactions observed in a complicated interaction network are likely to be true positives. Using a group of yeast protein-protein interactions identified in various biological experiments, we show that interactions with low generalities are more likely to be reproducible in other independent assays. We constructed more reliable networks by eliminating interactions whose generalities were above a particular threshold. The rate of interactions with common cellular roles increased from 63% in the unadjusted estimates to 79% in the refined networks. As a result, the rate of cross-talk between proteins with different cellular roles decreased, enabling very clear predictions of the functions of some unknown proteins. The results suggest that the interaction generality measure will make interaction data more useful in all organisms and may yield insights into the biological roles of the proteins studied.
Studies on a Radioassay for Intrinsic Factor Antibody: Comparison of Methods and False Positive Results due to Elevated Serum B12 Levels (1984)

Availability of a kit method (Corning Immo Phase IFAB) for intrinsic factor antibody (IFAB) has made it possible for a routine radioimmunoassay (RIA) laboratory to test for the antibody, thereby providing another aid in diagnosing pernicious anemia. Comparison of data from a charcoal method with the kit method was favorable, each method detecting 35 (74%) positives and 12 (26%) negatives of 47 pernicious anemia patients. Compared with a charcoal method study the kit method had fewer false positives due to elevated serum B12. False positive results occurred for only 24 hours after a 1-mg injection of B12, and results remained negative the following seven days. The authors' studies supported the manufacturer's statement that results are unreliable when the serum B12 level exceeds 3,500 pg/ml. Clinical experience with the Corning Immo Phase IFAB test and false positive results is summarized.
Maximal Steptreadmill Exercise and Treadmill Exercise by Patients With Coronary Heart Disease (1988)

Thirteen male patients from a phase HI community cardiac rehabilitation program were maximally exercise tested by use of a modified Bruce treadmill protocol and a newly developed revolving-stair ergometer. The study design provided for approximately equivalent metabolic work in each of four stages on the two test modes. Results showed that there were no significant differences in peak response to the two test modes as measured by maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, maximal systolic blood pressure, maximal ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and peak work time. Significant differences in physiologic response were manifest only between stages in the same exercise mode. The patients with cardiac disease did not achieve predicted MET response on either of the two ergometry modes at higher stages of work. No significant differences in clinical manifestations were observed between conventional treadmill exercise and revolving-stair ergometer exercise. Steptreadmill ergometry may be a valid alternative ergometry mode for testing and training clinically stable and moderately fit populations of patients with cardiac disease.
Ligand, receptor, and cell type–dependent regulation of<i>ABCA1</i>and<i>ABCG1</i>mRNA in prostate cancer epithelial cells (2009)

Recent evidence suggests that the liver X receptor (LXR) is a potential anticancer target in prostate carcinoma. There is little characterization, however, of which of the two LXR isoforms, LXRalpha or LXRbeta, regulates the LXR-responsive genes ATP-binding cassette subfamily members A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) in transformed prostatic epithelial cells. In this study, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to determine whether LXRalpha or LXRbeta is involved in regulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Treatment of both cell lines with the synthetic LXR ligand T0901317 and oxysterols: 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) and 24(S), 25-epoxycholesterol (24,25EC), resulted in more than a 10-fold increase of ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression. Transfection of LNCaP cells with siRNA against either LXRbeta or LXRalpha failed to inhibit T0901317 and 25HC-mediated increase of ABCA1 mRNA. siRNA silencing of LXRbeta did, however, inhibit ABCA1 mRNA expression in 24,25EC-treated LNCaP cells. In contrast, LXRbeta siRNA inhibited T0901317, 25HC, and 24,25EC induction of ABCA1 mRNA in PC-3 cells and ABCG1 mRNA in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Additional experiments revealed that T0901317 and 25HC induction of ABCA1 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by the p38 stress kinase antagonist SB202190 and PKA inhibitor H89. Our study is the first to show that LXRbeta, but not LXRalpha, is the major regulatory isoform of ABCG1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Our study also reveals that ABCA1 gene expression is differentially regulated by synthetic and natural LXR ligands, possibly involving kinase mediated signal transduction.
Partially bioresorbable vascular grafts in dogs. (1991)

Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of partially resorbable arterial prostheses in the rabbit. This study compares these same compound prostheses with commercial graft materials in the dog. Conduits 4 mm inner diameter X 50 mm in length were woven from composite yarns containing 69% polyglactin 910 (PG910)/31% polypropylene or containing 70% polydioxanone/30% polypropylene. Nonresorbable controls were woven Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Baseline platelet aggregometry to 10(-5) mol/L adenosine diphosphate was performed. Seventy prostheses were implanted into the aorto-ilac positions, and the prosthesis/tissue complexes were harvested serially from 2 weeks to 1 year. Explanted specimens were photographed and fixed for light microscopy and for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed no aneurysms or perigraft hematomas. Overall patency for the PG910/polypropylene grafts was 18 of 20 (90%) and for polydioxanone/polypropylene was 19 of 22 (86%). For Dacron and ePTFE, 13 of 19 (68%) and 6 of 11 (54%) remained patent at time of explantation. The partially resorbable grafts, as a group, had significantly greater patency than the control grafts (p less than 0.03). Platelet aggregometry was not predictive of graft patency. Histologic analysis of the partially bioresorbable groups showed inner capsules (IC) composed of myofibroblasts and collagen beneath confluent endothelialized surfaces by 1 month. Kinetics of IC formation paralleled the rates of resorption of the resorbable components. IC cellularity and thickness were greater than those within Dacron or ePTFE. This study suggests an enhanced transinterstitial endothelial cell and myofibroblast ingrowth into the ICs of partially resorbable grafts and shows the effectiveness of these prostheses in the dog.