gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
난소암 세포주들의 전이능력과 Type IV collagenase 효소 활성화의 비교 (1998)

비활성 형태인 recombinant 72-kDa MMP-2를 분비하는 MCF-7MMP-2 세포주와 난소암 세포주인 CAOV- 4, SW626, NIH: OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3를 이용하여 MMP-2의 분비 능력과 활성화 양상을 in vitro에서의 난소암 세포의 침윤 능력과 비교 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 난소암 세포주들은 모두 비활성형 MMP-2를 분 비하였으나 NIH: OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3, SW626 세포 주에서는 활성형 MMP-2를 보였다. 2. Boyden chamber를 이용한 세포주들의 침윤 능 력 검사에서 SK-OV-3, NIH: OVCAR-3, SW626, 그리 고 CAOV-4 세포주의 순으로 침윤 능력을 보였고 이 는 활성형 62kDa의 MMP-2 소견과 일치하였다. 3. Matrigel을 이용한 세포주들의 성장검사에서 NIH: OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3 세포주들은 SW626, CAOV- 4 세포주들보다 수지상 돌기를 만드는 정도가 심하였 으며 세포들의 분포 양상은 집단화를 보였다. 4. MMP-2의 활성물질인 Concanavalin A를 CAOV- 4 세포주 배양액에 투여하여 활성형 MMP-2가 생산 됨이 확인되었다. 5. Cycloheximide를 SK-OV-3, NIH: OVCAR-3 및 SW626 세포주에 투여하여 MMP-2의 생산 및 분비가 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에서 난소암 세포주들의 침윤과 전이 에는 MMP-2가 직접적으로 관여함이 밝혀졌다. 특히 MMP-2의 활성화 정도와 in vitro 침윤 능력은 밀접 한 관계에 있으며 특히 난소암 세포주들에 의해 분 비되는 MMP-2는 효소 조절물질에 의해서 활성 및 억제될 수 있음을 확인함으로서 향후 이러한 효소 조절물질을 이용하여 난소암의 전이 예방과 치료에 응용할 수 있게 될 것이다.
Establishing a Secure, Transparent, and Autonomous <i>Blockchain of Custody</i> for Renewable Energy Credits and Carbon Credits (2018)

To facilitate the widespread adoption of clean energy, we must devise practical economic incentives to deploy clean energy assets while reducing barriers to access that clean energy. While renewable energy credits and carbon offset credits successfully push these goals forward, the associated accounting and management systems still suffer from numerous flaws that drive costs up and slow the monetization of clean energy assets. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution that can provide a secure and transparent distributed ledger, while autonomously executing transactions upon fulfillment of pre-defined criteria (“smart contracts”). As a result, credits can be easily tracked from generation through ownership trades to ultimate redemption. This leaves a simple audit trail, significantly reducing the associated time and cost, and enables producers to monetize their credits immediately after generation. Clean Energy Blockchain Network (CEBN) has recently announced a partnership with the Silicon valley power, where we will apply blockchain technology to simplify their participation in the low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) program. This real-world deployment will demonstrate how blockchain technology can dramatically simplify extremely complex trading environments and enable the practical implementation of valuable programs such as LCFS that financially incentivize clean energy production and use.
The Connexin Mimetic Peptide Gap27 and Cx43-Knockdown Reveal Differential Roles for Connexin43 in Wound Closure Events in Skin Model Systems (2018)

In the epidermis, remodelling of Connexin43 is a key event in wound closure. However, controversy between the role of connexin channel and non-channel functions exist. We compared the impact of SiRNA targeted to Connexin43 and the connexin mimetic peptide Gap27 on scrape wound closure rates and hemichannel signalling in adult keratinocytes (AK) and fibroblasts sourced from juvenile foreskin (JFF), human neonatal fibroblasts (HNDF) and adult dermal tissue (ADF). The impact of these agents, following 24 h exposure, on <i>GJA1</i> (encoding Connexin43), <i>Ki67</i> and <i>TGF-β1</i> gene expression, and Connexin43 and pSmad3 protein expression levels, were examined by qPCR and Western Blot respectively. In all cell types Gap27 (100-100 μM) attenuated hemichannel activity. In AK and JFF cells, Gap27 (100 nM-100 μM) enhanced scrape wound closure rates by ~50% but did not influence movement in HNDF or ADF cells. In both JF and AK cells, exposure to Gap27 for 24 h reduced the level of Cx43 protein expression but did not affect the level in ADF and HNDF cells. Connexin43-SiRNA enhanced scrape wound closure in all the cell types under investigation. In HDNF and ADF, Connexin43-SiRNA enhanced cell proliferation rates, with enhanced proliferation also observed following exposure of HDNF to Gap27. By contrast, in JFF and AK cells no changes in proliferation occurred. In JFF cells, Connexin43-SiRNA enhanced <i>TGF-β1</i> levels and in JFF and ADF cells both Connexin43-SiRNA and Gap27 enhanced pSmad3 protein expression levels. We conclude that Connexin43 signalling plays an important role in cell migration in keratinocytes and foreskin derived fibroblasts, however, different pathways are evoked and in dermal derived adult and neonatal fibroblasts, inhibition of Connexin43 signalling plays a more significant role in regulating cell proliferation than cell migration.
Magnetic Shielding of Levitation Melting Devices (2010)

Magnetic shielding of levitation melting induction heating devices does not only reduce the stray field of the device; it has also an influence on the position of the workpiece. The aim is to investigate the change in magnetic field, and the change in steady-state position of the workpiece caused by adding copper or soft magnetic shields to the device. The calculation of the force on the workpiece and the magnetic field around the induction heater is done by either a 2-D or 3-D finite element model, or by a circuit model combined with analytical expressions for the magnetic field and the force. By adding an axisymmetric copper shield surrounding the inductor (shielding by induced currents), the levitated workpiece moves downward, for the same excitation current. By adding a nonaxisymmetric wall of soft magnetic ferrite tiles at one side of the induction heater (shielding by flux-shunting), the workpiece moves upward, and it shifts away from the axial symmetry axis.
Land Use Design and Regional Development for Making a Urban Living Good and Joyful (2001)

This paper proposes two planning methods for guiding urban growth and managing urban expansion, especially in large urban areas. One is concerned about a mono-centered urban structure; the other refers to a multi-centered urban structure which helps create sustainable living conditions. Without proposing a consistent planning system rebuilt through a consensus-oriented long-term planning process, our urban environments will become endangered to malfunction. The great cities will be eventually degraded by inconsistent political intervention that might further cause environmental pollution, urban congestion, distorted settlement structure and social disintegration. Here in particular, green belt issues will be examined in view of forming appropriate urban spaces. The problems and merits of both planning cases will be carefully analysed and identified, and optimum planning concepts will be proposed on certain principles and conditions with respect to land use, rational use of energy, urban climate, urban settlement patterns, urban green space, and urban traffic.
Language identification of six languages based on a common set of broad phonemes (1994)

ON A COMMON SET OF BROAD PHONEMES Kay M. Berkling (berkling@cse.ogi.edu), Etienne Barnard (barnard@cse.ogi.edu) Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, 20000 N.W. Walker Road, P.O. Box 91000, Portland, OR 97291-1000, USA ABSTRACT We describe a system designed to recognize the language of an utterance spoken by any native speaker over the telephone. Our previous work based on language-speci c phonemes [5] is extended to include sequences of all lengths of language-independent speech units. These units are derived by clustering phonemes across all languages in the system (Hindi, Spanish, English, German, Japanese, and Mandarin). Our language-identi cation results based on broad-phoneme occurrence statistics indicate 90% accurate distinction between English and Japanese, which is comparable to results obtained when using language-speci c phonemes. By relaxing the precision of language-dependent phonemes into language-independent broad phonemes we thus retain language discriminative power. The degree to which the precision can be relaxed while retaining sequences of broad phonemes that can discriminate between languages is an indication of the accuracy with which the phoneme segmenter and recognizer have to recognize the incoming speech.
Physicochemical Properties of a Time‐Temperature Indicator Based on Immobilization of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> α‐Amylase in Polyacrylamide Gel as Affected by Degree of Cross‐linking Agent and Salt Content (2003)

ABSTRACT: Currently available time‐temperature indicators (TTIs) with favorable thermal inactivation kinetics are physically incompatible with microwave or radio frequency systems. Here, TTIs for microwave and radio frequency food pasteurization processes were developed that have dielectric properties that match target foods. The TTI can be easily recovered from a food and assayed using a rapid, simple colorimetric assay. Enzyme recovery was reduced by 8% but diffusion was retarded by 20% when bisacrylamide content was increased from 3.3% to 5.3%. The specific enzyme activity was highest in 20% polyacrylamide gels containing 2% NaCl. The residual enzyme activity in the TTI following 2 mo of storage at 8 °C exceeded 70%.
Developing a targeting system for bacterial membranes: measuring receptor-phosphatidylglycerol interactions with<sup>1</sup>H NMR, ITC and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2014)

An ammonium picket porphyrin that targets bacterial membranes has been prepared and shown to bind to phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a bacterial lipid, when the lipid was in solution, contained within synthetic membrane vesicles, or when in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial membranes. The multifunctional receptor was designed to interact with both the phosphate anion portion and neutral glycerol portion of the lipid headgroup. The receptor's affinity and selectivity for binding to surfactant vesicles or lipid vesicles that contain PG within their membranes was directly measured using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). FCS demonstrated that the picket porphyrin's binding pocket was complementary for the lipid headgroup, since simple Coulombic interactions alone did not induce binding. (1)H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to determine the receptor's binding stoichiometry, receptor-lipid complex structure, binding constant, and associated thermodynamic properties of complexation in solution. The lipid-receptor binding motif in solution was shown to mirror the binding motif of membrane-bound PG and receptor. Cell lysis assays with E. coli (Gram-negative) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Gram-positive) probed with UV/Visible spectrophotometry indicated that the receptor was able to penetrate either bacterial cell wall and to bind to the bacterial inner membrane.
Lespedeza For Your Pasture (1952)

Lespedeza has a special value as a pasture legume in southern Iowa. It permits a quick and easy method of increasing the productivity of thin pasture sods too rough and broken or eroded to be renovated.
Pharmacodynamic interactions among atovaquone, proguanil and cycloguanil against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (2003)

Synergistic interaction between atovaquone and proguanil has been suggested as the reason for the effectiveness of Malarone. The pharmacodynamic interactions among atovaquone, proguanil and its metabolite cycloguanil were investigated in 4 Plasmodium falciparum parasite strains by culture assays in vitro. The response parameters were determined and 2 statistical methods, log-concentration/response probit method and sum of fractional inhibitory concentrations (sigmaFIC) method, were used to analyse the experimental data. Within therapeutically relevant concentration ratios, the combination of atovaquone and proguanil showed mean sigmaFICs of 0.37 at EC50 (50% effective concentrations) and 0.13 at EC90, indicating high synergism. The combination of atovaquone and cycloguanil yielded corresponding mean sigmaFICs of 3.70 and 2.11, indicating antagonism. The EC50 and EC90 values for proguanil alone were not influenced by RPMI-1640 medium with low concentrations of paraaminobenzoic acid and folic acid (LPLF culture medium), whereas the EC50 and EC90 values for cycloguanil were more than 10 times lower in LPLF medium than in normal RPMI-1640 medium. This confirms the hypothesis that proguanil may act on another target than dihydrofolate reductase. We conclude that the effectiveness of Malarone is due to the synergism between atovaquone and proguanil and may not require the presence of cycloguanil.
On the Prediction of Strength from Hardness for Copper Alloys (2013)

Hardness and strength values of over 55 copper alloys strengthened by solid solution strengthening, precipitation hardening, cold working, and dispersion strengthening were compiled. The yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values of the copper alloys examined ranged between 50 to 1300 MPa and 200 to 1400 MPa, respectively. The compiled values were classified based on strain-hardening potential an indirect method to understand the effect of strain-hardening characteristics. Least squares regression analysis was employed to establish correlations between strength and Vickers hardness values. Strain-hardening potential showed a significant effect on the correlations. In all the cases, a linear relation was obtained for both YS and UTS with hardness for the entire range of values under analysis. Simple empirical equations were proposed to estimate the strength using bulk hardness. The proposed correlations obtained for the entire range of values were verified with experimental values. A good agreement was observed between experimental and predicted values.
Unfocussed spatial attention underlies the crowding effect in indirect form vision (2005)

We studied mechanisms underlying the crowding effect in indirect form vision by measuring recognition contrast sensitivity of a character with flankers to the left and right. Attentional and featural contributions to the effect can be separated by a new paradigm that distinguishes pattern location errors from pattern recognition errors and further by manipulating the focusing of spatial attention through a positional cue, appearing 150 ms before the target. Measurements were on the horizontal meridian, at 1, 2, and 4 deg eccentricity, and a range of flankers' distances were used. Our results show that in normal indirect viewing, the impairment of character recognition by crowding is--in particular at intermediate flanker distances--caused to a large part by spatially imprecise focusing of attention. In contrast, the enhancement of performance by a transient positional cue seems mediated through a separate attentional mechanism such that attentional locus and focus are controlled independently. Our results furthermore lend psychophysical support to a separate coding of the what and where in pattern recognition.
Plasmin-mediated Activation of Platelets Occurs by Cleavage of Protease-activated Receptor 4 (2004)

The activation of plasmin from its circulating precursor plasminogen is the mechanism of several clot-busting drugs used to clinically treat patients who have suffered a stroke; however, plasmin thus generated has been shown to activate platelets directly. There has been speculation as to whether plasmin interacts with the protease-activated receptors (PARs) because of its similarity in amino acid specificity with the classic platelet activator thrombin. We have investigated whether plasmin activates platelets via PAR activation through multiple complementary approaches. At concentrations sufficient to induce human platelet aggregation, plasmin released very little calcium compared with that induced by thrombin, the PAR-1 agonist peptide SFLLRN, or the PAR-4 agonist peptide AYPGKF. Stimulation of platelets with plasmin initially failed to desensitize additional stimulation with SFLLRN or AYPGKF, but a prolonged incubation with plasmin desensitized platelets to further stimulation by thrombin. The desensitization of PAR-1 had no effect on plasmin-induced platelet aggregation and yielded an aggregation profile that was similar to plasmin in response to a low dose of thrombin. However, PAR-4 desensitization completely eliminated aggregation in response to plasmin. Inclusion of the PAR-1-specific antagonist BMS-200261 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by a low dose of thrombin but not by plasmin. Additionally, mouse platelets naturally devoid of PAR-1 showed a full aggregation response to plasmin in comparison to thrombin. Furthermore, human and mouse platelets treated with a PAR-4 antagonist, as well as platelets isolated from PAR-4 homozygous null mice, failed to aggregate in response to plasmin. Finally, a protease-resistant recombinant PAR-4 was refractory to activation by plasmin. We conclude that plasmin induces platelet aggregation primarily through slow cleavage of PAR-4.
Sphere Gap Discharge Voltages at High Frequencies (1914)

The paper describes a series of experiments made by the authors to determine the values of steady high-frequency, high-voltage currelnts required to discharge between seven-inch copper spheres in air, at ordinary temperatures and barometric pressures. A 15-kw. arc generator was used as the source of high-frequency sustained high voltage, and the apparatus employed in securing and measuring currents of 123,000, 255,000 and 612,500 cycles is described in detail. The sphere-gap standard consisted of electrolytic copper spheres mounted on the ends of brass tubes in treated wooden frames, and the gap lengths were accurately determined by means of calipers and micrometer screw or steel scale. The results obtained are given in Tables II and III and are also charted in curves I and II, Fig. 5. The 123,000-cycle values show a right-line relation between sphere gaps and discharge voltage, which line, when extended, passes through the origin. The high-frequency voltages are almost uniformly 4.5 kv. below the 25-cycle voltages observed by Chubb and Fortescue.
Comparison of positive tone versus negative tone resist pattern collapse behavior (2010)

In this work, e-beam lithography patterns have been specifically designed and fabricated which provide the opportunity to probe the collapse behavior of both positive and negative tone systems. The pattern layout includes adjacent parallel line structures that both vary in the line size and also in the distance by which they are separated by the space between them. This type of structure allows for the control and modulation of the capillary forces, and ultimately the stresses, experienced by the photoresist line pairs during the final rinse and drying steps of the development process. Using such structures, it is possible to determine the critical stress, i.e., the maximum stress experienced by the photoresist lines before collapse, as a function of a variety of parameters including: material type, substrate preparation conditions, resist film thickness, and resist feature width. In this article, such a modular approach has been used to compare the pattern collapse behavior of a prototypical positive tone resist formulated using a protected hydroxystyrene-based copolymer and a prototypical negative tone epoxide-based molecular photoresist (4-EP). It was found that the critical stress at the point of pattern collapse decreased both as the thickness and the feature width of the resist lines decreased, though this trend was observed to a much lesser extent in the negative tone 4-EP material. It is observed that the negative tone resist, whose imaging mechanism involves cross-linking, shows far superior pattern collapse performance as compared to the positive tone deprotection based resist and is in general able to achieve significantly higher aspect ratio patterning at equivalent feature linewidths.
The broadband customer service module (B-CSM): an access and switching module serving SONET OC-12 fiber lines (2002)

The module is intended for residential applications in a broadband network and can independently provide a variety of video services, including broadcast-like entertainment video service. It is based on a midplane arrangement; two types of cards that each contain SONET OC-12 interfaces and STM fabrics operating at the STS-1 rate; and multiple processors that provide both call processing and packet switching features. The target architecture can serve 288 SONET OC-12 fiber lines, each with signalling based on Q.921 and Q.931. A prototype module has been built to demonstrate feasibility; it is now operating in a technology and service trial where it can serve up to 18 SONET OC-12 fiber lines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of the Diffusion Coefficient of Li in Ag Using a Li+ Sensor Electrode Mounted in a Bipolar Cell (2006)

For the purpose of obtaining the most trustworthy value of the diffusion coefficient D of Li in Ag foil by avoiding the influence of Li–Ag alloy formation, we attempted to use a Li+ sensor electrode mounted in a bipolar cell, in which an Ag foil was sandwiched by two facing cylindrical cell compartments. A tungsten oxide electrode doped with Li was prepared for the purpose of sensing the ion concentration of Li+ in the electrolyte. The sensor electrode was mounted in the Li extraction compartment, and the potential of the Li+ sensor electrode (the Li+ concentration)-time curve in the extraction compartment was measured by stepping the potential of the bipolar electrode in the Li insertion compartment. The Li+ concentration in the extraction compartment was found to increase within one second after the potential step, and the break through time was found to be independent of the polarization potential in the insertion compartment. The apparent diffusion coefficient, Dapp, was calculated from the break through time. The obtained value was approximately constant at 10−6 cm2 s−1 throughout the range of polarization potential examined for foils of 10- and 20-µm in thickness.
Link Evaluation for MIMO-OFDM System with ML Detection (2010)

Link evaluation is very important to system level simulation. Current algorithms for link evaluation show pretty good accuracy for wireless system with linear detections. However, when it comes to MIMO-OFDM system with ML Detection, problems still exists. This paper proposes an Extended Received Block Information Rate algorithm for link evaluation, which is deduced from the view of information and detecting theory. Accuracy and universality of this algorithm for MIMO-OFDM system with ML detection are highlighted. Simulation results show that, comparing to current algorithms for link evaluation, the proposed ERBIR algorithm obtains better accuracy and universality.
Complete genome sequence of Vulcanisaeta distributa type strain (IC-017T) (2010)

Vulcanisaeta distributa Itoh et al. 2002 belongs to the family Thermoproteaceae in the phylum Crenarchaeota. The genus Vulcanisaeta is characterized by a global distribution in hot and acidic springs. This is the first genome sequence from a member of the genus Vulcanisaeta and seventh genome sequence in the family Thermoproteaceae. The 2,374,137 bp long genome with its 2,544 protein-coding and 49 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteriaand Archaea project.
Preparation of Soluble Polypyrrole Composites and Their Uptake Properties for Anionic Compounds (1999)

Soluble composite particles consisting of polypyrrole-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and polypyrrole-poly(vinyl alcohol) were prepared, and their stabilities and ion exchange properties were compared with those for polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. The dispersions of the polypyrrole-based composites were more stable in solution than those for the polyaniline-based ones but extracted organic molecules less rapidly and quantitatively. However, EPR investigation indicated that the polypyrrole composites had substantially greater numbers of cationic sites than the polyaniline composites at pH greater than 6. Enantioseparation of amino acids was attempted by using a polypyrrole-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite doped with N-carbobenzoxy-l-aspartic acid as a chiral selector.