gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A General Route to Prepare One- and Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube/Metal Nanoparticle Composite Nanostructures (2007)

Adsorption of polyethyleneimine (PEI)−metal ion complexes onto the surfaces of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and subsequent reduction of the metal ion leads to the fabrication of one-dimensional CNT/metal nanoparticle (CNT/M NP) heterogeneous nanostructures. Alternating adsorption of PEI−metal ion complexes and CNTs on substrates results in the formation of multilayered CNT films. After exposing the films to NaBH4, three-dimensional CNT composite films embedded with metal nanoparticles (NPs) are obtained. UV−visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the film assembly. The resulting (CNT/M NP)n films inherit the properties from both the metal NPs and CNTs that exhibit unique performance in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrocatalytic activities to the reduction of O2; as a result, they are more attractive compared to (CNT/polyelectrolyte)n and (NP/polyelectrolyte)n films because of their multifunctionality.
Stuck-fault tests vs. actual defects (2002)

This paper studies some manufacturing test data collected for an experimental digital IC. Test results for a large variety of single-stuck fault based test sets are shown and compared with a number of test sets based on other fault models. The defects present in the chips studied are characterized based on the chip tester responses. The data presented shows that N-detect test sets are particularly effective for both timing and hard failures. In these test sets each single-stuck fault is detected by at least N different test patterns. We also present data on the use of IDDq tests and VLV (very low voltage) tests for detecting defects whose presence doesn't interfere with normal operation during manufacturing test, but which cause early life failure.
Bcl-2 and the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane in the Inactivation of Cytochrome c during Fas-mediated Apoptosis (1997)

Fas-driven apoptosis in Jurkat cells results in the inactivation of cytochrome c with cessation of oxygen consumption. Overexpression of Bcl-2 was found to protect against acidification and apoptosis mediated by Fas ligation in these cells. Bcl-2 is present in the outer mitochondrial membrane, but the molecular mechanism by which it protects cells is unknown. Because Bcl-2 projects into the mitochondrial intermembrane space and cytochrome c is located in the intermembrane space, we considered the possibility that Bcl-2 might protect cytochrome c from inactivation during Fas-mediated apoptosis. The present study shows that 1) in Jurkat cells, cytochrome c inactivation during Fas-driven apoptosis requires the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane; and 2) the post-mitochondrial fraction from CEM cells that overexpress Bcl-2 both prevents and reverses cytochrome c inactivation.
Nurse prescribing and Parkinson’s disease nurse specialists - the debate (2001)

Jacqui Handley and colleagues outline the debate Parkinson’s disease nurse specialists are having over the extension of nurse prescribing rights and their role as prescribers
Low-loss Single-mode Fiber with Reduced Inner Cladding (1987)

Low-loss single-mode fibers with an inner cladding of only a few MCVD layers and a one-layer intermediate cladding of depressed index to prevent outer cladding loss to add to the transmission loss, have been measured to transmit with 0.22dB/km and, despite a relatively large mode size, are insensitive to micro- and macro-bending.
Granulocytes and monocytes apheresis induces upregulation of TGFβ<sub>1</sub> in patients with active ulcerative colitis: A possible involvement of soluble HLA‐I (2016)

Granulocyte and monocyte apheresis has been used in different immune-mediated disorders, mainly inflammatory bowel diseases. The removal of activated leukocytes and several additional immunomodulatory mechanisms have been so far suggested to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of the treatment. Recent data indicate that, during centrifugation based apheresis, sHLA-I adsorbed to plastic circuits is able to induce TGFβ<sub>1</sub> production in activated leukocytes. On these bases, the present study was aimed at analyzing if this model could be applied to a noncentrifugation based apheresis, such as granulocyte and monocyte apheresis. Ten patients with ulcerative colitis were enrolled. Every patient received 5 weekly apheresis treatments. Cellulose acetate beads removed from the column post-GMA were stained by fluorescent anticlass I mAb and examined by fluorescent microscope. Moreover, sFasL plasma concentration, TGFβ<sub>1</sub> plasma levels, and the percentage of TGFβ<sub>1</sub> positive neutrophils were evaluated before and immediately after each single apheresis. Immunofluorescent images revealed a homogeneous layer of a sHLA-I adsorbed to the surface of the beads recovered following the procedure. sFasL plasma concentration progressively increased both following the procedures and during inter-procedure periods. Consistently, also TGFβ<sub>1</sub> plasma levels and the percentage of TGFβ<sub>1</sub> positive neutrophils increased during the procedures with a meaningful relationship with sFasL plasma levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that the immunosuppressive effects attributed to granulocyte and monocyte apheresis might depend, at least in part, on the sensitivity of activated leucocytes to the bioactivity of sHLA-I molecules. J. Clin. Apheresis 32:49-55, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Działalność Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej w zakresie ochrony przyrody (2012)

The article covers the period between 1918 and 1939. The first part explains the normative acts which were the basis for nature conservation and cooperation between the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, the Polish Natural Science Museum in Warsaw, and the State Council for Nature Conservation. The second part presents the editorial activities of the State Council for Nature Conservation (the chairman of which was the Minister of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment) concerning nature conservation. The authors of the publication are Seweryn Dziubałtowski, Karol Domin, Andrzej Czudek, rev. Henryk Weryński, and Jan Sokołowski. The publication also includes the Act of March 10, 1934, on nature conservation, the provisions of this act being popular in Poland at that time due to the fact that the majority of the population were mainly peasants. 60% of Polish inhabitants lived in rural areas and worked on the land.
Role of nitric oxide in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (2010)

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs upon restoration of hepatic blood flow after a period of ischemia. Decreased endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production resulting in capillary luminal narrowing is central in the pathogenesis of IRI. Exogenous NO has emerged as a potential therapy for IRI based on its role in decreasing oxidative stress, cytokine release, leukocyte endothelial-adhesion and hepatic apoptosis. This review will highlight the influence of endogenous NO on hepatic IRI, role of inhaled NO in ameliorating IRI, modes of delivery, donor drugs and potential side effects of exogenous NO.
Label preference schemes in GMPLS controlled networks (2006)

The GMPLS assumption that all available labels are equal is reasonable in electronic networks but not always true in WDM optical networks where labels correspond to physical wavelengths. In this paper we present two schemes for collecting the preference for specific labels during GMPLS signaling. For this purpose a new use of the Suggested Label object is proposed, and a novel object called Suggested Vector is introduced. The approach is validated through simulations showing significant wavelength converter usage reduction in a WDM optical network
Optical metrology for analysis of lobster-eye x-ray optics (2003)

A new method that uses optical microscopy to determine the physical structure of lobster-eye x-ray optics is described. This approach offers the ability to predict x-ray performance without having to take an x-ray measurement. An overlapping series of images of the entrance and exit faces of an optic are obtained and examined by purpose-built software. A 24-parameter description of each channel is obtained from which a quantitative analysis of all the major optic defects, except surface roughness, is performed. Results for a planar lobster-eye optic are used to illustrate this technique and discuss its abilities as well as directions for future enhancements.
Mutation (1996)

In section 1.1.3 it was clarified that a variety of different, more or less drastic changes of the genome are summarized under the term mutation by geneticists and evolutionary biologists. Several mutation events are within the bounds of possibility, ranging from single base pair changes to genomic mutations. The phenotypic effect of genotypic mutations, however, can hardly be predicted from knowledge about the genotypic change. In general, advantageous mutations have a relatively small effect on the phenotype, i.e., their expression does not deviate very much (in phenotype space) from the expression of the unmutated genotype ([Fut90], p. 85). More drastic phenotypic changes are usually lethal or become extinct due to a reduced capability of reproduction. The discussion, to which extent evolution based on phenotypic macro-mutations in the sense of “hopeful monsters” is important to facilitate the process of speciation, is still ongoing (such macromutations have been observed and classified for the fruitfly Drosophila melangonaster, see [Got89], p. 286). Actually, only a few data sets are available to assess the phylogenetic significance of macro-mutations completely, but small phenotypical effects of mutation are clearly observed to be predominant. This is the main argument justifying the use of normally distributed mutations with expectation zero in Evolutionary Programming and Evolution Strategies. It reflects the emphasis of both algorithms on modeling phenotypic rather than genotypic change. The model of mutation is quite different in Genetic Algorithms, where bit reversal events (see section 2.3.2) corresponding with single base pair mutations in biological reality implement a model of evolution on the basis of genotypic changes. As observed in nature, the mutation rate used in Genetic Algorithms is very small (cf. section 2.3.2). In contrast to the biological model, it is neither variable by external influences nor controlled (at least partially) by the genotype itself (cf. section 1.1.3). Holland defined the role of mutation in Genetic Algorithms to be a secondary one, of little importance in comparison to crossover (see [Hol75], p. 111): . . . Summing up: Mutation is a “background” operator, assuring that the crossover operator has a full range of alleles so that the adaptive plan is not trapped on local optima. . . .
PRACTICAL TECHNICAL WRITING (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPRACTICAL TECHNICAL WRITINGCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 13, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online29 May 2012Published inissue 1 November 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a771RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (302 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Parametric four-wave mixing using a single cw laser (2013)

Four-wave mixing can be used to generate coherent output beams, with frequencies difficult to acquire in commercial lasers. Here, a single narrow external cavity diode laser locked to the two photon 5s-5d transition in rubidium is combined with a tapered amplifier system to produce a high power cw beam at 778 nm and used to generate coherent light at 420 nm through parametric four-wave mixing. This process is analyzed in terms of the intensity and frequency of the incoming beam as well as the atomic density of the sample. The efficiency of the process is currently limited when on resonance due to the absorption of the 420 nm beam, and modifications should allow a significant increase in output power.
The radiation‐induced emulsion copolymerization of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate in an engineering flow system (1979)

Abstract A flow reactor system was used to study the radiation‐induced emulsion copolymerization of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate. The emulsion was recirculated from a stirred vessel through transfer lines to a tubular reactor located within a high‐intensity Co‐60 source. The effects of physical chemical variables such as soap concentration, phase ratio, reaction temperature and residence time distribution on the molecular weight properties were investigated. The rate of copolymerization was found to be proportional to the 0.17 power of the soap concentration. Variation of the monomer‐water ratio produced no significant change in rate. The rate increased with an increase in temperature over the range 5–50°C, while the average molecular weights of the copolymer increased with decreasing polymerization temperature. The molecular weight distribution in this engineering system was found to be essentially similar to those produced in a batch system.
Interactive Communication Systems Simulation Model - ICSSM (1984)

The design of ICSSM, a nonreal time computer-aided simulation and analysis tool for communications systems, is presented, ICSSM is capable of supporting modeling, simulation, and analysis of any system representable in terms of a network of multiport functional blocks. Its applicability is limited only by the modeler's ingenuity to decompose the system to functional blocks and to represent these functional blocks algorithmically. ICSSM has been constructed modularly, consisting of five subsystems to facilitate the tasks of formulating the model, exercising the model, evaluating and showing the simulation results, and storing and maintaining a library of modeling elements, analysis, and utility subroutines. It is written exclusively in ANSI Standard Fortran IV language, and is now operational in a Honeywell DPS 7/80 M computer under the MULTICS Operating System. Description of a recent simulation using ICSSM and some generic moduels of general interest developed as a result of the modeling work are also presented.
Efficient Analysis of Live and Historical Streaming Data and its Application to Cybersecurity (2007)

This paper describes our experiences building a coherent framework for efficient simultaneous querying of live and archived stream data. This work was motivated by the need to analyze the network traffic patterns of research laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. We review the requirements of such a system and implement a prototype based on the TelegraphCQ streaming query processor and the FastBit bitmap index. The combined system uses TelegraphCQ to analyze streams of traffic information and FastBit to correlate current behaviors with historical trends. We present a detailed performance analysis of our system based on a complex query workload and real network traffic collected at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). Our experiments identify key performance bottlenecks for stream query processing systems that incorporate historical data. We also identify strategies for mitigating these bottlenecks. With these strategies in place, we demonstrate that it is possible for our system to analyze the entire traffic of the DOE lab network on a small cluster of machines. 1
Molecular Characterization of Recombinant Human Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Produced in<i>E. coli</i>: Comparative Studies with Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1990)

Synthetic cDNA coding for human acidic fibroblast growth factor (haFGF) was expressed in E. coli under the control of the T7 promoter. The haFGF produced was purified extensively using heparin-Sepharose and phenyl-Sepharose columns. The mitogenic activity of haFGF on 3T3 and endothelial cells was significantly potentiated in the presence of heparin (10-50 micrograms/ml), while angiogenic activity was observed on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane without exogenously added heparin. This significant potentiation of mitogenic activity was observed specifically with haFGF, not human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF). Circular dichroism spectra of haFGF was not affected by the presence of heparin. The affinity of haFGF for heparin was examined using heparin affinity HPLC and was precisely confirmed to be relatively lower than that of hbFGF. These results implied that haFGF was potentiated by heparin and that this potentiation did not involve a significant change in the conformation of the haFGF molecule. The affinity of haFGF for copper was also confirmed to be higher than that of hbFGF using a copper affinity HPLC column. In addition, under acidic conditions, haFGF appeared more stable than hbFGF and was further stabilized in the presence of heparin.
<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Spores Stimulate Cytokine and Chemokine Innate Immune Responses in Human Alveolar Macrophages through Multiple Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways (2006)

Contact with the human alveolar macrophage plays a key role in the innate immune response to Bacillus anthracis spores. Because there is a significant delay between the initial contact of the spore with the host and clinical evidence of disease, there appears to be temporary containment of the pathogen by the innate immune system. Therefore, the early macrophage response to Bacillus anthracis exposure is important in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. In this paper, we studied the initial events after exposure to spores, beginning with the rapid internalization of spores by the macrophages. Spore exposure rapidly activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase, and p38. This was followed by the transcriptional activation of cytokine and primarily monocyte chemokine genes as determined by RNase protection assays. Transcriptional induction is reflected at the translational level, as interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) cytokine protein levels were markedly elevated as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, was partially inhibited by the blockade of individual mitogen-activated protein kinases, while the complete inhibition of cytokine induction was achieved when multiple signaling pathway inhibitors were used. Taken together, these data clearly show activation of the innate immune system in human alveolar macrophages by Bacillus anthracis spores. The data also show that multiple signaling pathways are involved in this cytokine response. This report is the first comprehensive examination of this process in primary human alveolar macrophages.
Tungsten: properties, chemistry, technology of the element, alloys, and chemical compounds (2000)

The Element Tungsten: Its Properties. Tungsten History: From Genesis to the 20th Century Products. Important Aspects of Tungsten Chemistry. Tungsten Compounds and Their Application. Industrial Production. Tungsten Alloys. Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Products. Tungsten in Melting Metallurgy. Tungsten in Hard Metals. Tungsten in Catalysis. Tungsten Scrap Recycling. Ecology. Economy. Tungsten and Living Organisms. Index.
Affine transformations of images: a least squares formulation (2002)

We present a general framework for the design of discrete geometrical transformation operators, including rotations and scaling. The first step is to fit the discrete input image with a continuous model that provides an exact interpolation at the pixel locations. The corresponding image model is selected within a certain subspace V(/spl phi/)/spl sub/L/sub 2/(R/sup P/) that is generated from the integer translates of a generating function /spl phi/; particular examples of this construction include polynomial spline and bandlimited signal representations. Next, the geometrical transformation is applied to the fitted model, and the result is re-projected onto the representation space. This procedure yields a solution that is optimal in the least squares sense. We show that this method can be implemented exactly using a combination of digital filters and a re-sampling step that uses a modified sampling kernel. We then derive explicit implementation formulas for the piecewise constant and cubic spline image models. Finally, we consider image processing examples and show that the present method compares very favorably with a standard interpolation that uses the same model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Follow-Up Study of the Progress of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca and Response to Treatment in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (1989)

Thirty-four patients with Sjögren's syndrome were retrospectively examined in order to evaluate longitudinal alterations in objective ocular disease parameters and their possible relation to systemic bromhexine treatment. Twenty-three patients (68%) were initially found to respond to peroral bromhexine treatment and were subsequently treated with this agent in addition to tear substitutes. The other 11 patients (32%) were considered bromhexine non-responders and were treated with topical agents only. The bromhexine non-responders had a significantly (p less than 0.02) more reduced tear gland function, evaluated by the Schirmer-1 test, than the responder group. At the end of the follow-up period the conjunctival surface cells were significantly (p less than 0.02) more damaged in the bromhexine non-responders than in the responders. The bromhexine non-responders improved in both break-up time and van Bijsterveld score in the course of time while the responders improved in the van Bijsterveld score only. No differences as regards extraglandular disease manifestations, serological abnormalities or treatment with other systemic agents were found between the bromhexine responders and non-responders.
A template for assessing cultures of peace. (2004)

It is possible to construct a template that can be used to assess the extent to which there is a culture of peace in different societies. The template could contain (a) a brief introduction to the unique situation facing a society, (b) a listing of those aspects of a society most relevant to a culture of peace, (c) a subjective discussion as well as a listing of objective indicators of each of these aspects, and (d) a concluding section suggesting what needs to be done to achieve a more peaceful culture in the particular society. Such a format could provide a thought-provoking overall organization that allows comparison of societies although leaving sufficient room for particularities. This article discusses the concept of a culture of peace and then proposes such a format, together with a set of objective measures. The template is illustrated by its application to an assessment of the United States. Copyright © 2004, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.