gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ti-based compounds as anode materials for Li-ion batteries (2012)

Li-ion batteries are one of the most promising electrochemical power sources to be widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. Ti-based materials have been intensively investigated as important anodes for Li-ion batteries due to their high safety and excellent cycling stability. The present work reviews the latest advances in the exploration and development of Ti-based compounds, such as Li4Ti5O12, Li2Ti3O7, TiO2-B and H2Ti3O7, as high performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The relationship between the preparation, composition, structure, morphology and electrochemical performance are summarized and analyzed. Further, the related advancements and challenges in practical energy applications are discussed.
Selective control of a subtask of walking in a robotic gait trainer(LOPES) (2007)

Robotic gait trainers are used all over the world for the rehabilitation of stroke patients, despite relatively little is known about how the robots should be controlled to achieve the optimal improvement. Most devices control complete joint trajectories and assume symmetry between both legs by either a position or an impedance control. However we believe that the control should not be on a joint level but on a subtask level (i.e. foot clearance, balance control). To this end we have chosen for virtual model control(VMC) to define a set of controllers that can assist in each of these tasks. Thus enabling the exoskeleton to offer selective support and evaluation of each substask during rehabilitation training. The aim of this explorative pilot study was to assess the performance of a VMC of the step height and to assess if selective control of the step height left the remaining of the walking pattern unaffected. Four young healthy subjects walked on a treadmill with their legs and pelvis attached to the lopes exoskeleton in 3 different conditions: (1) providing minimal resistance, (2) control of the left step height with a low stiffness (3) control of the step height with a large stiffness. We have shown that it is possible to exert a vertical forces for the support of foot clearance during the swing phase. The higher stiffness of the VMC resulted in a greater change of the step height, which was achieved by a larger increase of the maximal hip and knee flexion compared to the low stiffness condition. The control of the step height resulted in minor changes in the cycle time and swing time. The joint angles also showed only minor changes. The preliminary results suggest that we were able to control a subtask of walking, while leaving the remaining walking trajectory largely unaffected. In the near future, control of other subtask will be implemented and evaluated in isolation and in conjunction with each other.
Inflammation, DAMPs, Tumor Development, and Progression: A Vicious Circle Orchestrated by Redox Signaling (2013)

Significance: Increasing evidence indicates that cancer development and progression are promoted by the joint action of redox distress and inflammation, supporting the potential impact of therapies aimed at restoring the redox homeostasis and fighting inflammation. Recent Advances: Most of the literature of the last 40 years converges to the view that continuous oxidative stress and chronic inflammation sustain each other, leads to transformation of a normal cell to a neoplastic cell, and promotes tumor progression. Some recent findings, however, support an alternative model whereby the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an attempt to defend more than a pathogenetic factor in cancer. Rather, tumor development and progression may be promoted by an excess of antioxidants, induced in both transformed cells and recruited inflammatory cells as an adaptive response to ROS. Critical Issues: Although the link among redox stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer is widely recognized, the underlying mechanisms are far to be understood. The redox unbalance of the microenvironment is likely to modulate the bioactivity of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules such as HMGB1, which are released by stressed tissues and play pleiotropic functions on tumor and inflammatory cells, but how this occur, and the relevant consequences, are still unclear. Future Directions: In vivo measurement of cell redox status is an important challenge for future investigations. The improvement of the methodologies for ROS and antioxidant detection will allow a better understanding of the redox-related events in the tumor microenvironment with tremendous application potential in the development of rational combination therapies for cancer treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal . 20, 1086–1097.
Initial results of a phase III investigation of safety/efficacy of nivolumab and ABI-009 (<i>nab</i>-sirolimus) in advanced undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), liposarcoma (LPS), chondrosarcoma (CS), osteosarcoma (OS), and Ewing sarcoma. (2019)

21 Background: Objectives: (1) To investigate the MTD of ABI-009 when given with nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, in previously treated advanced undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma; (2) To investigate the disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of this combination therapy in the above mentioned patient group, and (3) To correlate PFS with PD-L1 and other biomarker expression in patients’ tumors. Methods: This is an IRB approved protocol with 2 parts. The Phase 1 part is a dose-finding study using the “cohort of three design”, wherein standard doses of nivolumab 240 mg is given iv every 3 weeks (Day 1 of every 21-day Cycle). ABI-009 will be given IV on Days 8 and 15 of each cycle starting on Cycle 2 following the 2 nd nivolumab dose. The starting dose of ABI-009 is 56 mg/m 2 , and sequentially escalating doses are 75, and 100 mg/m 2 . The Phase 2 part of study will enroll 31 additional patients to further assess efficacy and safety at the MTD. Results: The Phase 1 part of study is closed, after 9 patients were treated successfully at 3 dose levels. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed, the MTD was not reached, and 100 mg/m 2 ABI-009 was designated as the recommended phase 2 dose. Safety analysis: At Dose 1 (n=3): Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included hyperdyslipidemia (n=1), and hyperglycemia (n=1). At Dose 2 (n=3): Grade 3 TRAEs included increased ALT (n=1). At Dose 3 (n=3): Grade 3 TRAEs included hypophosphatemia (n=1). Seven of 9 patients have discontinued treatment: 5 patients due to PD, 2 with SD opted to stop treatment due to drug-related Grade 2 AEs (pruritus, acneiform rash, and 2 with SD are still on therapy at Dose 3. Conclusions: The primary objective has been met with no DLTs, the MTD was not reached and Dose 3 has been designated as the phase 2 dose of ABI-009 which is on-going. Clinical trial information: NCT03190174.
Prediction of Probability of Default and Outlier - Robust Logistic Regression (2005)

A new method for predicting the probability of default (PD) is suggested in this paper. This method, which is named Logistic in this paper, is based on Logit Regression but takes outlier into consideration. Firstly, comparing the explainatory power of Robust Logistic Model and Logit Model, the Pseudo-R-square of the former is outstandingly higher than the latter. Secondly, as the empirical study for the insample data shows, CAP,ROC,KS test,Brier Score and classification table all indicate that Robust Logistic Regression can strikingly increase the model's predictive power. It means the existences of the outlier indeedly weaken model's prediction power and the method suggested in this paper can eliminate the negative influences caused by the outlier. Thirdly, as the empirical study for the outsample data shows, Robust Logit Model is better than Logit Model in CAP and KS test but in ROC and Brier Score is not. For the classification table, Robust Logit Model performs better in Type one error but worse in Type two error. It shows Robust Logistic Regression may get higer percentage of TP but lower percentage of TN and means that Robust Logistic Regression can decrease Type one error but increase Type two error.

Key words: Probability of Default, Logit Model, Robust Regression, outlier
Unilateral lower-limb loss: Prosthetic device use and functional outcomes in servicemembers from Vietnam war and OIF/OEF conflicts (2010)

Rehabilitation goals following major combat-associated limb loss in World War II and the Vietnam war focused on treatment of the injury and a return to civilian life. The goal for Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) servicemembers is to restore function to the greatest possible degree and, if they desire, return them to Active Duty, by providing them with extensive rehabilitation services and a variety of prosthetic devices. Our study determines the usefulness of these diverse types of prosthetic devices for restoring functional capability and documents prosthesis use and satisfaction. We compare servicemembers and veterans with major combat-associated unilateral lower-limb loss: 178 from the Vietnam war and 172 from OIF/OEF conflicts. Of survey participants with unilateral lower-limb loss, 84% of the Vietnam group and 94% of the OIF/OEF group currently use at least one prosthetic device. Reasons for rejection varied by type of device, but common reasons were pain, prosthesis too heavy, and poor fit. Abandonment is infrequent (11% Vietnam group, 4% OIF/OEF group). Future efforts should aim to improve prosthetic-device design, decrease pain, and improve quality of life for these veterans and servicemembers.
Increased hypothalamic GPR54 signaling: A potential mechanism for initiation of puberty in primates (2005)

To further study the role of GPR54 signaling in the onset of primate puberty, we used the monkey to examine the ability of kisspeptin-10 to elicit the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) precociously, and we describe the expression of GPR54 and KiSS-1 in the hypothalamus during the peripubertal period. Agonadal juvenile male monkeys were implanted with a lateral cerebroventricular cannula and a jugular vein catheter. The responsiveness of the juvenile pituitary to endogenous GnRH release was heightened with a chronic pulsatile i.v. infusion of synthetic GnRH before kisspeptin-10 (112-121) injection. Intracerebroventricular (30 microg or 100 microg) or i.v. (100 microg) bolus injections of kisspeptin-10 elicited a robust GnRH discharge, as reflected by luteinizing hormone secretion, which was abolished by pretreatment with a GnRH-receptor antagonist. RNA was isolated from the hypothalamus of agonadal males before (juvenile) and after (pubertal) the pubertal resurgence of pulsatile GnRH release and from juvenile, early pubertal, and midpubertal ovary-intact females. KiSS-1 mRNA levels detected by real-time PCR increased with puberty in both male and female monkeys. In intact females, but not in agonadal males, GPR54 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus increased approximately 3-fold from the juvenile to midpubertal stage. Hybridization histochemistry indicated robust KiSS-1 and GPR54 mRNA expression in the region of the arcuate nucleus. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that GPR54 signaling by its cognate ligand in the primate hypothalamus may be activated at the end of the juvenile phase of development and may contribute to the pubertal resurgence of pulsatile GnRH release, the central drive for puberty.
Toward Highly Sensitive Polymer Photodetectors by Molecular Engineering (2015)

Modified 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene is employed as the conjugated side chain in conjugated polymers, which can significantly depress the dark current of the polymer photodetectors with little associated decrease in photovoltaic properties, thus enhanceing the detectivities. This approach can be applied to a variety of conjugated polymers covering a photoresponse range from UV to NIR.
Collapse Mode of an Inflatable Free-Standing Membrane∗ (1990)

ABSTRACT The present paper discusses two models of the pneumatic hinge in inflatable free-standing membrane collapse. The first model, a very simple one, assumes that the cross section of the membrane remains unchanged during the deformation, which is not always true. Only if wrinkling occurs in the area close to the place where the membrane is stiffened by a circular ring or support, can this assumption be satisfied exactly. However, it is shown that even such a simple model gives relatively good evaluation of the collapse loads. The second improved model takes into account changes in the geometry of the cross section of the membrane in the hinge zone. It is found that the maximum hinge movement M max = 2M W predicted by the simple model, where Mw is the moment producing first wrinkling, is not constant, but depends on the angle of the hinge rotation. Notes ∗Communicated by J. L. Sackman.
Writing and Landscape in Early Modern Ireland (1996)

While colonial contact provides a complex model of inter-ethnic relations,<br/>no issue would appear to be more dominant, nor more immediate to the<br/>initial stages of arrival, than the subject of land. The issue of how best to<br/>establish a hold over a landscape, how to possess it and to make of it a<br/>place of uniformity and order is one of the most immediate of tasks to be<br/>addressed. Of course, a colony may prosper and survive and, in terms of<br/>policy making and general administration, move on to other considerations,<br/>but in the period between the initial impact of a foreign and, frequently,<br/>technologically superior power and the pacification and 'good government'<br/>of the colony lies the difficulty of reorganisation and plantation: the building<br/>of towns and fortifications, the establishment of harbours and coastal<br/>defences, the mapping of the landscape as well as the problematics of native<br/>land ownership and habitation.
Induced dipoles and dielectrophoresis of nanocolloids in electrolytes (2007)

Electric induced dipoles of nanocolloids the size of the Debye length are shown to be one order stronger than predicted by the classical Maxwell-Wagner theory and its extensions. The difference is attributed to normal ion migration within the diffuse layer, and adsorption onto the Stern layer at the poles. The characteristic relaxation frequency (the crossover frequency for dielectrophoresis) is shown to be inversely proportional to the RC time of the diffuse layer capacitance and resistance, and has an anomalous -1 scaling with respect to the product of the Debye length and the particle size.
A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Artemisinin and Related Endoperoxides (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTA Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Artemisinin and Related EndoperoxidesPaul M. O'Neill and Gary H. PosnerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Remsen Hall, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 12, 2945–2964Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2004Publication History Received11 November 2003Published online12 May 2004Published inissue 1 June 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm030571chttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm030571creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5212Altmetric-Citations448LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Bioinorganic chemistry,Parasites,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical Glucose Sensors—Developments Using Electrostatic Assembly and Carbon Nanotubes for Biosensor Construction (2010)

In 1962, Clark and Lyons proposed incorporating the enzyme glucose oxidase in the construction of an electrochemical sensor for glucose in blood plasma. In their application, Clark and Lyons describe an electrode in which a membrane permeable to glucose traps a small volume of solution containing the enzyme adjacent to a pH electrode, and the presence of glucose is detected by the change in the electrode potential that occurs when glucose reacts with the enzyme in this volume of solution. Although described nearly 50 years ago, this seminal development provides the general structure for constructing electrochemical glucose sensors that is still used today. Despite the maturity of the field, new developments that explore solutions to the fundamental limitations of electrochemical glucose sensors continue to emerge. Here we discuss two developments of the last 15 years; confining the enzyme and a redox mediator to a very thin molecular films at electrode surfaces by electrostatic assembly, and the use of electrodes modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to leverage the electrocatalytic effect of the CNTs to reduce the oxidation overpotential of the electrode reaction or for the direct electron transport to the enzyme.
Transelliptical Graphical Models (2012)

We advocate the use of a new distribution family—the transelliptical—for robust inference of high dimensional graphical models. The transelliptical family is an extension of the nonparanormal family proposed by Liu et al. (2009). Just as the nonparanormal extends the normal by transforming the variables using univariate functions, the transelliptical extends the elliptical family in the same way. We propose a nonparametric rank-based regularization estimator which achieves the parametric rates of convergence for both graph recovery and parameter estima-tion. Such a result suggests that the extra robustness and flexibility obtained by the semiparametric transelliptical modeling incurs almost no efficiency loss. We also discuss the relationship between this work with the transelliptical component analysis proposed by Han and Liu (2012). 1
RADICAL IDEAS: GENETIC RESPONSES TO OXIDATIVE STRESS (1999)

1. Complex genetic systems counteract different types of 'oxidative stress' caused by reactive derivatives of oxygen. 2. The bacterial oxyR system responds to peroxide stress and is governed by OxyR, a transcription factor activated by the formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond in H2O2-treated cells. Activated OxyR switches on several genes encoding antioxidant functions, such as catalase. During aerobic growth, oxyR acts homeostatically to regulate cellular H2O2 levels. 3. The bacterial soxRS system responds to superoxide or nitric oxide (NO) stress and is activated in two transcriptional stages. The SoxR protein is activated by oxidation of its [2Fe-2S] centres in cells exposed to superoxide-generating agents, such as paraquat, or to No. Activated SoxR stimulates the soxS gene and SoxS protein then induces at least 15 genes encoding antioxidant functions, such as superoxide dismutase, metabolic functions, such as fumarase, and antibiotic resistance by activation of efflux pumps. The soxRS system may function in resistance to NO-generating immune cells and may contribute to clinical antibiotic resistance. 4. Human cells respond to subtoxic levels of NO by inducing 12 proteins and down-regulating others. A key induced activity is haem oxygenase 1, which is controlled post-transcriptionally. 5. Motor neurons exhibit adaptive resistance to NO, triggered by exposure to subtoxic NO levels, and providing resistance to usually cytotoxic levels of this agent or H2O2. Adaptive resistance to NO depends strongly on the inducible heam oxygenase activity.
Virus‐based immunotherapy of cancer: what do we know and where are we going? (2007)

Raising an efficient and sustained immune response to a growing tumour is extremely challenging, as tumours not only lack the capacity to induce an environment optimal for induction of the relevant immune response, but also tend to promote the development of very efficient immunosuppressive mechanisms. This review aims to evaluate selected cancer vaccination approaches using virus-based cancer vaccines. These seem promising based on their capacity to mimic natural infection and hence to efficiently trigger the innate immune system and in turn a potent cellular immune response towards the tumours. However, even when a potent immune response has been induced, this is often not sufficient to eliminate the tumour completely before the cancer cells have had time to evolve new escape mechanisms as a result of the selection pressure from the initial immune response directed towards them. Therefore, it is very likely that it is necessary to combine a therapeutic tumour vaccine with immunomodulating strategies in order to accomplish effective tumour degradation or at least to hinder metastasis. Some of the immunosuppressive mechanisms worth trying to manipulate will be discussed in this review.
Is semitransparency useful for navigating virtual environments? (2001)

A relevant issue for any Virtual Environment (VE) is the navigational support provided to users who are exploring it. Semitransparency is sometimes exploited as a means to see through occluding surfaces with the aim of improving user navigation abilities and awareness of the VE structure. Designers who make this choice assume that it is useful, especially in the case of VEs with many levels of occluding surfaces, e.g. virtual buildings or cities. This paper is devoted to investigate this assumption with a proper experimental evaluation on users. First, we discuss possible ways for improving navigation, and focus on implementation choices for semitransparency as a navigation aid. Then, we present and discuss the experimental evaluation we carried out. We compared subjects' performance in three conditions: local exploitation of semitransparency inside the VE, a more global exploitation provided by a bird's-eye-view, and a control condition where neither of the two features was available.
Improving GPU Performance Prediction with Data Transfer Modeling (2013)

Accelerators such as graphics processors (GPUs) have become increasingly popular for high performance scientific computing. Often, much effort is invested in creating and optimizing GPU code without any guaranteed performance benefit. To reduce this risk, performance models can be used to project a kernel's GPU performance potential before it is ported. However, raw GPU execution time is not the only consideration. The overhead of transferring data between the CPU and the GPU is also an important factor; for some applications, this overhead may even erase the performance benefits of GPU acceleration. To address this challenge, we propose a GPU performance modeling framework that predicts both kernel execution time and data transfer time. Our extensions to an existing GPU performance model include a data usage analyzer for a sequence of GPU kernels, to determine the amount of data that needs to be transferred, and a performance model of the PCIe bus, to determine how long the data transfer will take. We have tested our framework using a set of applications running on a production machine at Argonne National Laboratory. On average, our model predicts the data transfer overhead with an error of only 8%, and the inclusion of data transfer time reduces the error in the predicted GPU speedup from 255% to 9%.