gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the EnKF for Assisted History Matching of a North Sea Reservoir Model (2007)

Abstract The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been used for history matching a simulation model of a North Sea reservoir. Parameters such as initial fluid contacts, vertical transmissivity multipliers and fault transmissivity multipliers have been estimated as well as 3D fields of porosity and permeability. It is shown that for several of the parameters a large initial uncertainty is reduced to an acceptable level by the assimilation of well-log measurements and production rates of oil, gas and water. The result is an ensemble of history matched realizations which can be used to predict the uncertainty in future production. It is also shown that the formulation used in the EnKF reduces a nonlinear minimization problem in a huge parameter space, involving the minimization of an objective function with multiple local minima, to a statistical minimization problem in the ensemble space. Thus, by searching for the mean rather than the mode of the posterior pdf, the method avoids getting trapped in local minima and is thus promising for history matching reservoir simulation models. Furthermore, the EnKF provides an ideal setting for operational reservoir monitoring and prediction, including proper representation and prediction of uncertainty.
Stability of advanced life support drugs in the field (2004)

Atropine, epinephrine, and lidocaine can be stored at temperatures of up to 84.1 degrees F (28.9 degrees C) for up to 45 days and tolerate temperature spikes of up to 125 degrees F (51.7 degrees C) for a cumulative time of 795 minutes (13.25 hours) without undergoing degradation.
SPeech and Human-Machine Dialog (2004)

Speech and Human-Machine Dialog focuses on the dialog management component of a spoken language dialog system. Spoken language dialog systems provide a natural interface between humans and computers. These systems are of special interest for interactive applications, and they integrate several technologies including speech recognition, natural language understanding, dialog management and speech synthesis. Due to the conjunction of several factors throughout the past few years, humans are significantly changing their behavior vis-à-vis machines. In particular, the use of speech technologies will become normal in the professional domain, and in everyday life. The performance of speech recognition components has also significantly improved. This book includes various examples that illustrate the different functionalities of the dialog model in a representative application for train travel information retrieval (train time tables, prices and ticket reservation). Speech and Human-Machine Dialog is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science and engineering
Aspergillus in the Papanicolaou stain: morphology, fluorescence and diagnostic feasibility (1998)

Aspergillus species exhibit a distinct and clear fluorescence in Papanicolaou-stained cytological samples. The Papanicolaou (PAP) stain enhances the autofluorescence of cultured aspergilli and allows better cytological recognition of the fungus by fluorescence microscopy when it is not easily discerned from its surroundings by light microscopy. Morphological properties can be better distinguished and facilitate the differentiation of aspergillus organisms from other filamentous fungi. Neither light nor fluorescence microscopy, the cytological quality nor the presence of phagocytosed hyphae in alveolar macrophages allow distinction between infection and contamination with Aspergillus species. Only the presence of eosinophilic inflammation permits a tentative diagnosis of an Aspergillus infection. In conclusion, PAP fluorescence reduces the need for special stains, is superior to and quicker than other investigative techniques and enhances the sensitivity and specificity of cytological investigation when a rapid and reliable identification of Aspergillus is needed.
Length of optic nerve double inversion recovery hypersignal is associated with retinal axonal loss (2015)

Optic nerve DIR hypersignal length may be a biomarker for retinal axonal loss, easily applicable in routine and research on new anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective drug evaluation. Detection of subclinical ON with 3D-DIR in a non-negligible proportion of MS patients argues in favor of optic nerve imaging in future OCT MS studies, in order to achieve a better understanding of retinal axonal loss in non-ON eyes.
[Role of glutamate and excitotoxicity in neurologic diseases]. (1996)

Glutamate is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate acts on 4 different post synaptic receptors; NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid), Kainate and metabotropic receptors. The three former receptors are linked to membrane ion channels whereas metabotropic receptors are coupled with a G protein. Glutamate is involved in the physiologic processes of learning, memory and motricity. Glutamate is also a potent neurotoxin responsible for toxic neuronal death of post synaptic neurons. This action has been denominated excitotoxicity and occurs as a consequence of a prolonged or a strong activation of glutamate post-synaptic receptors. The rise in intracellular calcium seems to play a major role in the pathological events following excitotoxicity. The pathophysiology of several acute or chronic neurological disorders has been linked to excitotoxicity. This excitotoxic process could be present in acute neuronal death observed in stroke, hypoglycemia and traumatisms of the central nervous system and in chronic neuronal degeneration observed in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and neuro AIDS. A better knowledge of the cellular events induced by excitotoxicity will allow to consider new therapeutic approaches in various neurological disorders.
In situ prepared polyamide 6/DOPO-derivative nanocomposite for melt-spinning of flame retardant textile filaments (2019)

A novel flame retardant polyamide 6 (PA6)/bridged 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-derivative (PHED) nanocomposite textile filament yarns were developed. The scalable production approach includes in situ water-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε -caprolactam in the presence of the flame retardant PHED followed by melt-spinning of nanocomposite filament yarns and production of knitted fabrics. The specific chemical structure of the PHED additive enabled its excellent miscibility with molten ε-caprolactam and the uninterrupted polymerization of ε -caprolactam. The produced PA6/PHED nanocomposite was characterized by the preserved molecular structure of the polyamide 6 and uniformly distributed nano-dispersed FR at concentrations of 10 and 15 wt %. The PA6/PHED nanocomposite structure was successfully preserved after the melt-spinning processing. The PA6 nanocomposite filament yarns at the applied 15 wt %. loading of PHED showed (a) increased thermo-oxidative stability compared to neat PA6 up to 500 °C, with a 43% higher residue at 500 °C and (b) self-extinguishment of fiber strand and knitted samples within 1 s in standard vertical flame spread tests (ASTM D6413), followed by the significant reduction of the melt-dripping and the melt-drop flammability. Additionally, 1.2 mm-tick PA6/PHED bar samples achieved a V0 rating in UL94 vertical burning test at the applied 10 wt % concentration of PHED. This innovative and scalable approach could pave the way for the production of new-generation nanocomposite PA6 filament yarns with self-extinguishing properties at the macro-scale, which would be highly beneficial for increasing fire safety, whilst maintaining the use of a DOPO derivative at the minimum level. A new scalable approach is established to produce the first-ever polyamide 6/DOPO-derivative nanocomposite filament yarns and knitted fabrics with superior flame retardancy and self-extinguishing properties. The in situ approach for the incorporation of the organophosphorus additive of specific chemical structure in the PA6 matrix guarantees its uniform distribution and nanodispersion as well as the successful melt-spinning of textile filaments with highly effective flame retardancy, whilst maintaining the use of a DOPO-derivative at the minimum level. • Flame retardant PA6/PHED nanocomposite was produced by in situ polymerization approach. • Textile filament yarns were successfully melt-spun from produced nanocomposites. • PHED increased thermo-oxidative stability of PA6 up to 500 °C, with 43% higher residue at 500 °C. • Self-extinction within 1 s for PA6/PHED fiber strand and knitted fabric was achieved in vertical flame spread tests (ASTM D6413). • UL94 V-0 rating was achieved for 1.2 mm-tick PA6/PHED bar samples with 10 wt % of PHED.
Immobilization of the C-terminal Extension of Bovine αA-Crystallin Reduces Chaperone-like Activity (1996)

alpha-Crystallins occur as multimeric complexes, which are able to suppress precipitation of unfolding proteins. Although the mechanism of this chaperone-like activity is unknown, the affinity of alpha-crystallin for aggregation-prone proteins is probably based on hydrophobic interactions. alpha-Crystallins expose a considerable hydrophobic surface to solution, but nevertheless they are very stable and highly soluble. An explanation for this paradox may be that alpha-crystallin subunits have a polar and unstructured C-terminal extension that functions as a sort of solubilizer. In this paper we have described five alphaA-crystallins in which charged and hydrophobic residues were inserted in the C-terminal extension. Introduction of lysine, arginine, and aspartate does not substantially influence chaperone-like activity. In contrast, introduction of a hydrophobic tryptophan greatly diminishes functional activity. CD experiments indicate that this mutant has a normal secondary structure and fluorescence measurements show that the inserted tryptophan is located in a polar environment. However, NMR spectroscopy clearly demonstrates that the presence of the tryptophan residue dramatically reduces the flexibility of the C-terminal extension. Furthermore, the introduction of this tryptophan results in a considerably decreased thermostability of the protein. We conclude that changing the polarity of the C-terminal extension of alphaA-crystallin by insertion of a highly hydrophobic residue can seriously disturb structural and functional integrity.
Total variation deconvolution for terahertz pulsed imaging (2011)

In terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI), a deconvolution process is usually applied as an inverse operation to extract the sample impulse function for further imaging or spectroscopic analysis. Often, such deconvolution is achieved by direct inverse filtering (IF) or IF with a coupled low-pass or double Gaussian filter. However, the low-pass or double Gaussian filter cannot cope well with both suppressing noise and retrieving localized terahertz pulses and they often result in over-smoothing. Here, we apply the iterative total variation method to the deconvolution process in TPI with a view to enhance the sample impulse function and generate better terahertz images. Experiments with both simulated and raw data validate a better performance for the proposed approach.
A Novel Human Zinc Finger Protein That Interacts with the Core Promoter Element of a TATA Box-less Gene (1997)

We describe a novel human cDNA isolated by target site screening of a placental expression library, using as a probe, an essential element of a TATA box-less promoter corresponding to a pregnancy-specific glycoprotein gene. The cDNA encoded a predicted protein of 290 amino acids, designated core promoter-binding protein (CPBP), which has three zinc fingers (type Cys2-His2) at the end of its C-terminal domain, a serine/threonine-rich central region and an acidic domain lying within the N-terminal region. Additional sequence analysis and data base searches revealed that only the zinc finger domains are conserved (60-80% identity) in other transcription factors. In cotransfection assays, CPBP increased the transcription from a minimal promoter containing its natural DNA-binding site. Moreover, a chimeric protein between CPBP and Gal4 DNA binding domain also increased the activity of an heterologous reporter gene containing Gal4 DNA binding sites. The tissue distribution analysis of CPBP mRNA revealed that it is differentially expressed with an apparent enrichment in placental cells. The DNA binding and transcriptional activity of CPBP, in conjunction with its expression pattern, strongly suggests that this protein may participate in the regulation and/or maintenance of the basal expression of PSG and possibly other TATA box-less genes.
Structure and stability of a DNA triple helix in solution: NMR studies on d(T)6.cntdot.d(A)6.cntdot.d(T)6 and its complex with a minor groove binding drug (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and stability of a DNA triple helix in solution: NMR studies on d(T)6.cntdot.d(A)6.cntdot.d(T)6 and its complex with a minor groove binding drugKimiko Umemoto, Mukti H. Sarma, Goutam Gupta, Jia Luo, and Ramaswamy H. SarmaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 11, 4539–4545Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00167a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00167a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The ctpA gene encodes the C-terminal processing protease for the D1 protein of the photosystem II reaction center complex. (1994)

The D1 protein of the photosystem II (PSII) complex in the thylakoid membrane of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide (pD1) with a C-terminal extension. Posttranslational processing of the pD1 protein is essential to establish water oxidation activity of the PSII complex. We have recently identified a gene, ctpA, a mutation in which resulted in a loss of PSII activity in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To study the function of the CtpA protein, we inactivated the ctpA gene by inserting a kanamycin-resistance gene into its coding sequence. The resultant mutant strain, T564, had no PSII-mediated water oxidation activity, but it had normal cytochrome b6f and photosystem I activities. Measurements of thermoluminescence profiles and rates of reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol indicated that PSII complexes in the mutant cells had functional reaction centers that were unable to accept electrons from water. Immunoblot analysis showed that D1, D2, CP47, CP43, and the alpha subunit of cytochrome b559, five integral membrane proteins of PSII, were present in T564 cells. Interestingly, the D1 protein in the mutant cells was 2 kDa larger than that in wild-type cells, due to the presence of a C-terminal extension. We conclude that the CtpA protein is a processing enzyme that cleaves off the C-terminal extension of the D1 protein. Interestingly, the CtpA protein shows significant sequence similarity to the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding proteins in the bovine, human, and insect eye systems.
hMouse: Head Tracking Driven Virtual Computer Mouse (2007)

A novel head tracking driven camera mouse system, called "hMouse", is developed for manipulating hand-free perceptual user interfaces. The system consists of a robust real-time head tracker, a head pose/motion estimator, and a virtual mouse control module. For the hMouse tracker, we propose a 2D detection/tracking complementary switching strategy with an interactive loop. Based on the reliable tracking results, hMouse calculates the user's head roll, tilt, yaw, scaling, horizontal, and vertical motion for further mouse control. Cursor position is navigated and fine tuned by calculating the relative position of tracking window in image space and the user's head tilt or yaw rotation. After mouse cursor is navigated to the desired location, head roll rotation triggers virtual mouse button clicks. Experimental results demonstrate that hMouse succeeds under the circumstances of user jumping, extreme movement, large degree rotation, turning around, hand/object occlusion, part face out of camera shooting region, and multiuser occlusion. It provides alternative solutions for convenient device control, which encourages the application of interactive computer games, machine guidance, robot control, and machine access for disabilities and elders
Evaluating nonlinear models for microwave GaAs FETs (1990)

It is pointed out that although quite a number of nonlinear descriptions are available for modeling microwave GaAs MESFETs (GaAs FETs), their accuracy is much debated. Like their silicon bipolar counterparts, the GaAs FET models are based on experimental curve tracer measurements and a limited set of scattering parameters (S-parameters) measured at convenient bias points. Hence, it is impossible to be confident of their validity under conditions for which they have not been tested. This situation is complicated by a trend toward proprietary models, developed by software companies who are unwilling to share the details of their work with customers for fear of giving secrets away to potential competitors. Most of the GaAs FET models available today as part of a commercial design packages are characterized by a hyperbolic tangent or polynomial fit to the device current-voltage (I-V) curve, which is determined by actual measurement, not by studying the underlying physics. Thus, the different mathematical manipulations employed by the various developers yield significantly different results when applied to a nonlinear circuit analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunological and biological evidence for a stanniocalcin-like hormone in human kidney. (1995)

The corpuscles of Stannius are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of stanniocalcin (STC), a glycoprotein hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis in fishes through its actions on the gills and kidneys. The corpuscles of Stannius and STC are considered to be an endocrine system that is unique to fishes. In this report, we provide evidence for the existence of STC-like proteins in vertebrates other than fishes, in particular, humans. By using a well-characterized RIA for salmon STC, sera from vertebrates as diverse as sharks and humans contained measurable levels of STC-like immunoreactivity in the concentration range commonly observed in fishes, and all of these sera exhibited parallelism in the assay. By using Western blot analysis, proteins were also identified in human kidney extracts that shared several properties with the fish hormone in addition to their cross-reactivity with salmon STC antiserum. The same antiserum was used to identify a discrete population of cells in human kidney tubules that could be the source of serum immunoreactivity. Human kidney extracts containing the STC-immunoreactive proteins also had STC-related effects when injected into fishes. Collectively, the data suggest that STC may be more widespread among the vertebrates than is currently accepted.
Long‐term tobramycin aerosol therapy in cystic fibrosis (1989)

The long-term efficacy and safety of aminoglycoside aerosol therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization/infection in cystic fibrosis has not been fully investigated. In the present study, 14 patients with cystic fibrosis, ages 8-19 years (mean: 13.3 years), received tobramycin aerosol therapy for a mean duration of 20 months. Eighty milligrams of a tobramycin solution were inhaled twice daily after physiotherapy via a jet nebulizer. After 1 year, weight for height increased significantly by 2.9% of the predicted normal, and the Kraemer clinical score increased by 2.1 points (P less than 0.05). The frequency of hospital admissions decreased from 2.0 to 1.3 per patient, respectively, during the years before and after the study onset. The antibody response to P. aeruginosa elastase, exotoxin A, and alkaline phosphatase showed a reduction in serum titers against one or more enzymes in eight patients. The best long-term results after 12-38 months of treatment were obtained in moderately ill children. No evidence of ototoxicity or renal damage was observed. Although intermittent bacterial resistance occurred in five patients after 10-21 months of tobramycin inhalation, this was not associated with clinical deterioration. The study demonstrates the safety and clinical efficacy of long-term tobramycin aerosol therapy. Double-blind studies with larger patient cohorts are required to determine the value of aminoglycoside inhalation as an adjunct to the established therapeutic regimens.
A Dynamic GTS Allocation Algorithm in IEEE 802.15.4 for QoS guaranteed Real-time Applications (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel QoS guaranteed algorithm for real-time applications in IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard provides a Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) mechanism to allocate a specific duration within a superframe structure for time-critical transmissions. However, there are many weak points to support real-time applications. We suggest a new slot allocation algorithm that enables guaranteed services to be more efficient. The proposed algorithm also allocates a new guaranteed time slot dynamically to support real-time applications which have periodic messages. We evaluate the delay bounds and the throughput of the proposed scheme compared with original protocol. We then show that our proposal improves the bandwidth utilization and guarantees real-time features more strictly.