gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An aging Interventions Testing Program: study design and interim report (2007)

The National Institute on Aging's Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has developed a plan to evaluate agents that are considered plausible candidates for delaying rates of aging. Key features include: (i) use of genetically heterogeneous mice (a standardized four-way cross), (ii) replication at three test sites (the Jackson Laboratory, TJL; University of Michigan, UM; and University of Texas, UT), (iii) sufficient statistical power to detect 10% changes in lifespan, (iv) tests for age-dependent changes in T cell subsets and physical activity, and (v) an annual solicitation for collaborators who wish to suggest new interventions for evaluation. Mice in the first cohort were exposed to one of four agents: aspirin, nitroflurbiprofen (NFP), 4-OH-alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (4-OH-PBN), or nordihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA). An interim analysis was conducted using survival data available on the date at which at least 50% of the male control mice had died at each test site. Survival of control males was significantly higher, at the interim time-point, at UM than at UT or TJL; all three sites had similar survival of control females. Males in the NDGA group had significantly improved survival (P = 0.0004), with significant effects noted at TJL (P < 0.01) and UT (P < 0.04). None of the other agents altered survival, although there was a suggestion (P = 0.07) of a beneficial effect of aspirin in males. More data will be needed to determine if any of these compounds can extend maximal lifespan, but the current data show that NDGA reduces early life mortality risks in genetically heterogeneous mice at multiple test sites.
Leaner and meaner: Network coding in SIMD enabled commercial devices (2016)

Although random linear network coding (RLNC) constitutes a highly efficient and distributed approach to enhance communication networks and distributed storage, it requires additional processing to be carried out in the network and in end devices. For mobile devices, this processing translates into energy use that may reduce the battery life of a device. This paper focuses not only on providing a comprehensive measurement study of the energy cost of RLNC in eight different computing platforms, but also explores novel approaches (e.g., tunable sparse network coding) and hardware optimizations for Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) available in the latest generations of Intel and Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) processors. Our measurement results show that the former provides gains of two-to six-fold from the underlying algorithms over RLNC, while the latter provides gains for all schemes from 2× to as high as 20×. Finally, our results show that the latest generation of mobile processors reduce dramatically the energy per bit consumed for carrying out network coding operations compared to previous generations, thus making network coding a viable technology for the upcoming 5G communication systems, even without dedicated hardware.
Elimination of insulitis and augmentation of islet β cell regeneration via induction of chimerism in overtly diabetic NOD mice (2007)

Type 1 diabetes in both humans and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice results from autoreactive T cell destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Cure of type 1 diabetes may require both reversal of autoimmunity and regeneration of beta cells. Induction of chimerism via allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has been shown to reestablish tolerance in both prediabetic and diabetic NOD mice. However, it is unclear whether this therapy augments beta cell regeneration. Furthermore, this procedure usually requires total body irradiation conditioning of recipients. The toxicity of total body irradiation conditioning and potential for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) limit the application of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for treating type 1 diabetes. Here we report that injection of donor bone marrow and CD4+ T cell-depleted spleen cells induced chimerism without causing GVHD in overtly diabetic NOD mice conditioned with anti-CD3/CD8 and that induction of chimerism in new-onset diabetic NOD mice led to elimination of insulitis, regeneration of host beta cells, and reversal of hyperglycemia. Therefore, this radiation-free GVHD preventive approach for induction of chimerism may represent a viable means for reversing type 1 diabetes.
Automatic Differential Potentiometric Titrations (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Differential Potentiometric TitrationsH. V. Halmstadt and E. R. FettCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 11, 1757–1764Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60107a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60107a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward Tuning the Bulk Magnetic Behaviors of Metal−Azido Materials by Organic Pillars (2007)

Two 3D materials in which the same copper(II)−azido layers are linked by organic pillars of different lengths have been characterized, and the exclusive influences of the pillar length on interlayer magnetic interactions and on bulk magnetic behaviors have been investigated.
Detection filter design: Spectral theory and algorithms (1987)

A new formulation of the detection filter problem is generated by assignment of the closed-loop eigenstructure under certain constraints. Detection filters, which are actually a specific class of observers, fix the output error direction of the system so that it can be associated with a particular failure mode and its known design failure direction. The derivation of detection filters from an eigensystem assignment approach permits a very transparent theory. The detection filter gains and closed-loop eigenvectors are obtained from a set of simultaneous equations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solution of these algebraic equations are determined which produce a complete theory for detection filters.
Current medical treatment strategies concerning fracture healing. (2013)

The morbidity and socioeconomic costs associated with bone healing are considerable. A number of fractures are complicated by impaired healing. This is prevalent in certain risk groups such as elderly, osteoporotics, post-menopausal women, and in people with malnutrition. The biologic process of fracture healing is complex and impacted by multiple factors. Some of them, such as the nutritional and health conditions, are patient-dependent, while others depend on the trauma experienced and stability of the fracture. Fracture healing disorders negatively affect the patient's quality of life and result in high health-care costs, as a second surgery is required to stabilize the fracture and stimulate bone biology. Future biotechnologies that accelerate fracture healing may be useful tools, which might also prevent the onset of these disorders. We list the characteristics of the drugs used for osteoporosis, but we point out in particular the use of strontium ranelate and teriparatide in our clinical practice in elderly patients, especially females, who reported fractures with risk of nonunion. This medical treatment could impaired fracture healing however, most of the evidence is obtained in animal studies and very few studies have been done in humans. Thus one could hypothesize the possibility of a medical treatment both as a preventive and as support to the synthesis. However, no clinical studies are available so far, and such studies are warranted before any conclusions can be drawn. A positive effect of osteoporosis treatments on bone healing is an interesting possibility and merits further clinical research.
Oncogenic <i>Kras</i> drives invasion and maintains metastases in colorectal cancer (2017)

Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality and frequently harbors activating mutations in the <i>KRAS</i> gene. To understand the role of oncogenic <i>KRAS</i> in CRC, we engineered a mouse model of metastatic CRC that harbors an inducible oncogenic <i>Kras</i> allele (<i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> ) and conditional null alleles of <i>Apc</i> and <i>Trp53</i> (iKAP). The iKAP model recapitulates tumor progression from adenoma through metastases. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that the <i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> allele was heterogenous in primary tumors yet homogenous in metastases, a pattern consistent with activated <i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> signaling being a driver of progression to metastasis. System-level and functional analyses revealed the TGF-β pathway as a key mediator of <i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> -driven invasiveness. Genetic extinction of <i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> resulted in specific elimination of the <i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> subpopulation in primary and metastatic tumors, leading to apoptotic elimination of advanced invasive and metastatic disease<i>.</i> This faithful CRC model provides genetic evidence that <i>Kras</i><sup><i>mut</i></sup> drives CRC invasion and maintenance of metastases.
A Desire for Uncertainty (1999)

Making sense of ourselves as Aborigines has become difficult. An age has been lost to us. To historians, it was an age before contact with Europeans. For us, it was a mythical, legendary period, when our lives and our world were in harmony. The whispers and fragments of Palawa1 culture that are available to us today were complete and the law of our ancestors was respected by all. Uncertainty was our ally and our world was dynamic and innovative as we sought new meaning from every passing day. The mythology of our lives sparkled like a newly lit fire, shifting and changing with each retelling, as biographies from a thousand generations were woven into our world.
Status, results, potentiality and evolution of COSMO-SkyMed, the Italian Earth Observation constellation for risk management and security (2010)

COSMO-SkyMed is a Dual-Use program, devoted to produce both civilian and military applications, and as such it is required to have a fast response time, to manage conflicts and to optimize resources. In order to provide operational continuity to COSMOSkyMed mission, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and Italian Ministry of Defense (It-MoD) are conceiving the next generation of the system. The new system, called "COSMO-SkyMed Seconda Generazione" (CSG), starting from the well established design of the first generation, will provide the end user with outstanding characteristics consolidating its position in the frame of SAR Systems. After a description of the current COSMO-SkyMed unique in-orbit performances, functionalities and Dual-Use operations, with examples of data already acquired in the last few years, the paper will introduce the CSG mission describing the main features and capabilities that will drive the design of the new system.
Electrospinning and its applications (2010)

Abstract Electrospinning is a process used to fabricate continuous nanoscale fibers with diameters in the sub-micrometer to nanometer range using a high-voltage power supply. Electrospun (e-spun) fibers and the non-woven webs manufactured from them have attracted considerable attention due to their outstanding characteristics, such as high porosity, small diameter, excellent pore interconnectivity and high surface-to-volume ratio. Because of the useful properties of e-spun fibers, many synthetic and natural polymers, including single and blended polymers, have been electrospun into fibers that can be employed in a variety of applications such as filtration and thermal insulation, and in the manufacture of protective clothing, sensors, conducting devices, wound dressings and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Utilizing the electrospinning technique and its product, some studies on its applications have been conducted in our lab. They included the fabrication of a conducting composite mat for electrical applications, an antibacterial web for a biomedical sector and PCM containing e-spun mat for energy storage.
SWOG S0715: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy during adjuvant breast cancer therapy. (2012)

9018 Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, disabling side effect of taxanes that leads to suboptimal treatment and diminished quality of life. Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is a natural compound involved in tubulin acetylation and neuronal protection. Pre-clinical and phase II studies suggest ALC may be effective for the prevention and treatment of CIPN. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, multi-center, phase III trial comparing ALC (1000 mg TID) vs placebo for 24 wks in women with stage I-III breast cancer undergoing adjuvant taxane therapy was conducted. The primary objective was to determine if ALC prevents CIPN as measured by the 11-item neurotoxicity (NTX) component of the FACT-Taxane scale (low score = worse NTX) at 12 wks. Secondary objectives included change at 24 wks, change in the Trial Outcome Index (TOI), fatigue (FACIT Fatigue) and NTX grade. Patients were stratified by planned treatment, and age (<60, ≥60). Results: 409 patients were evaluable (208 ALC, 201 placebo). No imbalances were observed by age, ethnicity, race, planned taxane treatment, performance status, or stage. The mean FACT-NTX score was 5.2 points lower at 12 wks on ALC and 4.5 points lower on placebo. In a linear regression adjusting for baseline score, planned treatment and age, wk 12 scores were 0.9 points lower on ALC than placebo (95% CI: -2.2 to 0.4, p=.17). At 24 wks, the mean observed FACT-NTX score was lower for ALC (5.3 vs. 3.6). In the multivariate model, wk 24 scores were 1.8 points lower on ALC (95% CI: -3.2 to -0.4, p=.01), representing more self-reported NTX. Grade 3/4 NTX was more frequent in the ALC arm (p=.04). Also at 24 wks, 38% on ALC had >5 point decrease score compared to 28% on placebo (OR=1.57, p=.05), and FACT-TOI scores were 3.5 points lower on ALC (95% CI: -6.5 to -0.4, p=.03). No differences between arms were observed for the FACIT-Fatigue scale or for other toxicities. Conclusions: There is no evidence that ALC has a positive impact on CIPN at 12 wks. However, ALC increases CIPN by 24 wks. Correlative studies are ongoing to explain this unexpected finding. Patients should be discouraged from using ALC and other supplements without proven efficacy.
VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ROTATING SHAFT WITH LOOSE DISK (2002)

Abstract In this paper energy method is used to calculate rotor response with loose rotating disk on it. System equation of motion is obtained based on energy method and Lagrange equation. Mathematical modeling of loose disk in a rotor bearing system has resulted in terms similar to unbalance and gyroscopic effect in the system equation of motion. The effect of loose disk axial position and orthotropic bearing has been considered in this investigation. By assuming that shaft and loose disk are always in contact, the results of these study shows that clearance between loose disk and shaft, shaft speed, mass and mass moment of inertia of disk have a major effect on a rotor response and beating phenomena.
FastML: a web server for probabilistic reconstruction of ancestral sequences (2012)

Ancestral sequence reconstruction is essential to a variety of evolutionary studies. Here, we present the FastML web server, a user-friendly tool for the reconstruction of ancestral sequences. FastML implements various novel features that differentiate it from existing tools: (i) FastML uses an indel-coding method, in which each gap, possibly spanning multiples sites, is coded as binary data. FastML then reconstructs ancestral indel states assuming a continuous time Markov process. FastML provides the most likely ancestral sequences, integrating both indels and characters; (ii) FastML accounts for uncertainty in ancestral states: it provides not only the posterior probabilities for each character and indel at each sequence position, but also a sample of ancestral sequences from this posterior distribution, and a list of the k-most likely ancestral sequences; (iii) FastML implements a large array of evolutionary models, which makes it generic and applicable for nucleotide, protein and codon sequences; and (iv) a graphical representation of the results is provided, including, for example, a graphical logo of the inferred ancestral sequences. The utility of FastML is demonstrated by reconstructing ancestral sequences of the Env protein from various HIV-1 subtypes. FastML is freely available for all academic users and is available online at http://fastml.tau.ac.il/.
Simple and efficient numerical methods for problems of electromagnetic radiation and scattering from surfaces (1980)

Simple and efficient numerical methods are developed for treating electromagnetic problems of scattering and radiation from surfaces. Special consideration is given to the treatment of edges so that rather arbitrary geometrical configurations may be handled. For the conducting body problems considered, an electric field integral formulation is used, and the method of moments is applied using pulse expansions to represent both the current and the charge. It is demonstrated that proper placement of the current and charge subdomains relative to edges not only is important in treating edges but also yields a convenient numerical procedure. A simple testing scheme is used which is almost as efficient as point-matching. Numerical results indicate that the approach is free of anomalies in the behavior of current near edges and of other previously observed numerical instabilities. Problems considered include conducting strips (both TM and TE), a bent rectangular plate, and both material and conducting bodies of revolution.
Optimum Large-Signal Design of Fixed-Frequency and Varactor-Tuned GaAs FET Oscillators (1980)

An efficient technique is described for designing fixed-frequency and varactor-tuned GaAs FET oscillators for optimum large-signal performance. The discussion is centered around obtaining reliable performance predictions without the need to carry out large-signal r.f. measurements on the transistor.
Biosynthesis of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan: Role of a branching mannosyltransferase (2006)

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), one of the few known bacterial glycosylphosphoinositides (GPIs), occurs in various structural forms in Mycobacterium species. It has been implicated in key aspects of the physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the immunology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Yet, little is known of the biosynthesis of LAM. A bioinformatics approach identified putative integral membrane proteins, MSMEG4250 in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Rv2181 in M. tuberculosis, with 10 predicted transmembrane domains and a glycosyltransferase (GT) motif (DID), features that are common to eukaryotic mannosyltransferases (ManTs) of the GT-C superfamily that rely on polyprenyl-linked rather than nucleotide-linked sugar donors. Inactivation of M. smegmatis MSMEG4250 by allelic exchange resulted in altered growth and inability to synthesize lipomannan (LM) but accumulation of a previously uncharacterized, truncated LAM. MALDI-TOF/MS and NMR indicated a structure lower in molecular weight than the native molecule, a preponderance of 6-linked Manp residues, and the absence of 2,6-linked and terminal Manp. Complementation of the mutant with the corresponding ortholog of M. tuberculosis H37Rv restored normal LM/LAM synthesis. The data suggest that MSMEG4250 and Rv2181 are ManTs that are responsible for the addition of alpha(1-->2) branches to the mannan core of LM/LAM and that arrest of this branching in the mutant deters formation of native LAM. The results allow for the presentation of a unique model of LM and LAM biosynthesis. The generation of mutants defective in the synthesis of LM/LAM will help define the role of these GPIs in the immunology and pathogenesis of mycobacterial infections and physiology of the organism.
Tissue culture studies on pleural effusions from breast carcinoma patients. (1974)

Summary The general lack of success that has attended attempts to establish tumor cell lines from solid specimens of breast carcinoma prompted our use of pleural effusions for this purpose. This paper summarizes tissue culture studies on five sequential pleural effusions from each of two patients with breast carcinoma. The morphology of cells in fresh specimens and cultures was documented by light and electron microscopy. Tumor cells were abundant in the fresh fluid specimens and they showed a high degree of viability. Fibroblasts were generally absent. Tumor cells in the fresh fluids and in cultures were morphologically similar to tumor cells cultured from solid breast carcinoma tissue. Nonneoplastic cells were found to survive or proliferate for 1 to 6 months in culture. Two cell types that grew readily in one of our media (medium BTN) resembled either fibroblasts or mesothelial cells by light microscopy. Electron microscopic studies indicated that the fibroblast-like cells were structurally modified epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that pleural effusions provide a fertile source of tumor cells from which tumor cell lines can be established.
Memory efficient error diffusion (2003)

Li and Allebach recently proposed parameter-trainable tone dependent error diffusion (TDED) which yields outstanding halftone quality among error diffusion based algorithms. In TDED, the tone dependent weights and thresholds as well as a halftone bitmap for threshold modulation are implemented as look-up tables (LUTs) which consume on-chip memory. In addition, the diffused errors must be buffered in on-chip memory and in most cases, transferred to off-chip memory. However, off-chip memory access considerably deteriorates system performance. In this paper, we propose two approaches to improve memory efficiency. First, we use deterministic bit flipping to replace threshold modulation, and linearize the weights and thresholds of TDED. This reduces the memory requirement by using only a few constants, rather than full LUTs, and generates halftones whose quality is nearly indistinguishable from that of standard TDED. Secondly, we propose a block-based processing strategy which significantly reduces off-chip memory access. We devise a novel scan-path which enables our algorithm to process any input image block-by-block without yielding block-boundary artifacts. Special filters are designed and optimized for the block diagonals so that the resulting halftone quality is comparable to that of standard TDED.