gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of E-cadherin and alpha-,beta- and gamma-catenins in human bladder carcinomas: are they good prognostic factors? (1997)

E-cadherin, the epithelium-specific cadherin, is known to play a major role in tumor progression in many human carcinomas, via intercellular homophilic Ca2+-dependent adhesion. This adhesion is mediated by a group of cytoplasmic proteins, including the alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenins that link the E-cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies have shown that loss or reduction of either E-cadherin or catenin expression was strictly related to clinicopathological data in bladder tumors, and E-cadherin might constitute prognostic factors in bladder carcinogenesis. Here we continued a preliminary work on E-cadherin in bladder cancer. In an effort to evaluate their possible prognostic value, we investigated both E-cadherin and catenins in 99 bladder tumors by immunohistochemistry. E-cadherin and all the catenins were strongly expressed in normal urothelium. Regarding histopathological data, the tumors examined showed that the disrupted expression of each molecule, except for gamma-catenin, was directly related to increasing tumor grade (mainly for alpha- and beta-catenin) and deep invasion (p < or = 0.01). The aberrant expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin was also correlated to the presence of distant metastasis (p < 0.05). However, only abnormal expression of a-catenin was associated with poor survival (p = 0.037). Therefore our results suggest that alpha-catenin is directly involved in tumor invasion and dedifferentiation and is the only protein of any prognostic value, albeit low in patients with bladder cancer.
Immunotherapy Strategies in the Treatment of Breast Cancer (2013)

Immunotherapeutic approaches combined with novel sequences of chemotherapies, radiation, vaccines, and immunomodulating agents hold promise for enhancing the treatment of breast cancer.
Nylon fiber reinforcement for polyurethane composites (1987)

Abstract The potential of a nylon 6 fiber was evaluated for composite applications involving rigid polyurethane systems. A study showed that the use of COMPET N, a nylon 6 based fiber surface treated to enhance wetout and adhesion, in an ISP polyurethane system results in composites with higher impact values and lower weight than those reinforced with glass fiber. A 2 percent loading of COMPET N matt increased impact values by more than 300 percent over an unreinforced control while a 3 percent loading of glass matt resulted in increases of less than 100 percent. A drop impact test showed COMPET N fabric reinforced composites to absorb twice as much energy as an unreinforced and glass reinforced composite without major damage. These advantages have also been observed in COMPET N/Glass hybrids, in which layer orientation can be used to produce composites with specific properties. Cut fiber reinforced composites were found to exhibit similar properties as fabric reinforced ones resulting in the commercialization of a canoe end cap containing cut nylon fiber. Additional property benefits such as improved impact fatigue and decreased stress cracking have also been observed in nylon 6 reinforced composites resulting in the consideration of these materials for a wide range of applications.
Combined Topical Fluconazole and Corticosteroid Treatment for Experimental<i>Candida albicans</i>Keratomycosis (2003)

Fluconazole plus adjunct high-dose prednisolone treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after infection. The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of fungal keratitis is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in patients.
Treatment for meningeal carcinomatosis in breast cancer (1982)

Forty breast cancer patients with meningeal carcinomatosis were treated with a combined program of whole brain irradiation therapy with intrathecal and intraventricular methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue. Responses were seen in 26 patients (65%); 13 patients (35%) failed to respond. The median survival time for the responding patients was six months, and for the nonresponders, one month. Factors affecting response and survival included pretreatment spinal fluid glucose, protein, and duration of CNS-related symptomatology prior to onset of therapy. In contrast, pretreatment CSF tumor cell count, CEA and initial CNS functional status did not appear to have prognostic significance. The authors conclude that following intensive therapy there can be much improvement in the quality of life and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients with meningeal carcinomatosis.
<i>JAMA Cardiology</i>—The Year in Review, 2020 (2021)

The tumultuous events of 2020 posed unprecedented challenges for scientific publishing, and the operations and priorities at JAMA Cardiology were no exception. Faced with a serious, novel virulent disease that emerged in January and February and quickly grew to pandemic proportions, the cardiovascular community witnessed disquieting evidence of its myriad cardiovascular ramifications. There was early evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection not only created risks of severe complications in those with underlying chronic cardiac conditions but also that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its inflammatory response also had unique effects on the myocardium, vascular endothelium, and the coagulation system-effects that are still being elucidated. We were tasked with teasing out those manuscripts from the hundreds of submissions that would be most informative and would allow us to publish breakthrough research and commentary related to COVID-19. At the same time, we were forced to adapt to the sudden realities of the COVID-19 era: workforce disruption, office closures, virtual meetings, and concerns of personal safety and the safety of family and colleagues. Amazingly, and thanks to the dedicated JAMA Network editorial and publishing staff (most of whom were working from home), we were able to sustain our weekly publication schedule and monthly podcasts, with numerous special ad hoc publications of COVID-19-related content of critical public health importance. We were thus able to have a strong voice in the evolving discussions of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease.
Monte Carlo based method for fluorescence tomographic imaging with lifetime multiplexing using time gates (2011)

Time-resolved fluorescence optical tomography allows 3-dimensional localization of multiple fluorophores based on lifetime contrast while providing a unique data set for improved resolution. However, to employ the full fluorescence time measurements, a light propagation model that accurately simulates weakly diffused and multiple scattered photons is required. In this article, we derive a computationally efficient Monte Carlo based method to compute time-gated fluorescence Jacobians for the simultaneous imaging of two fluorophores with lifetime contrast. The Monte Carlo based formulation is validated on a synthetic murine model simulating the uptake in the kidneys of two distinct fluorophores with lifetime contrast. Experimentally, the method is validated using capillaries filled with 2.5nmol of ICG and IRDye™800CW respectively embedded in a diffuse media mimicking the average optical properties of mice. Combining multiple time gates in one inverse problem allows the simultaneous reconstruction of multiple fluorophores with increased resolution and minimal crosstalk using the proposed formulation.
An investigation into the adequacy and usefulness of financial risk disclosures in listed South African banks (2000)

OverviewThe proliferation of financial instn.Jments in recent years has renewed the interest in financial risk discloslll"e and reporting.South Africa in particular has been exposed r.otonly to the increased variely of derivative products, but has recently been reentered to the world economy.This has created a need to review the standard of reporting by South African companiesCompanies Within the financial ser.'ices seclor have been most impacted by these recent changesAs these companies de al in products that create and transfer risk.their fr mncial risk reportinQ must be clem and detailed for the user to urlderstood the various expo~l>res to these risks.Inadequate report in g of risk i~ 'kely to lead to a high .... cost of capital, Therefore it is of value to South Afrlcan banks to eva k.i ate their disclosure against local and intemalional benchmarks to lest the adequacy of the financial risk disclosure presented in the annlSal report Compliance testing also serves as a proxy for the usefulooss of the disclosllre presented by the banl<s, A fllrther proxy for the usefulness of the disclosure is the indusion of a sam~e of international banI<>! to benchmarl< the performance of the South African banks.The listed South African banking industry i~ dominated by four large commercial books, namely ABSA, Fi-stRand, Nedcor and Standard Bank.Two private/merchant banks have in recent years shown strong growth arld have taken an increasing market share from the commercial banks.namely Investec and BOE.The remaining banks are all fai~y small in comparison to these banks.For the smaller banl<s, there may be factor ~ other than size innuenc in g the extent of their risk disclosure.This raises further research questions that are beyorld the scope of this dissertation Research methodThe research probiem as to risk disclosure waS investigated by compiling checl<lists of the South African disclosure requirements regarding financial risk disclosure.and by developing an international best practice checklist based on the recotT'fTlerldations of international standard setling bodies The disclosure presented in the 1999 financial statements of 12 South Alrican banks was scored against both checklists.In addition, 5 United Kingdom arld 3 Australian banks were scored against the international best practice checklist to provide a meaningful benchmark against which the South African disdosure scores could be evaluatedAn investigation into the adequacy and usefulness of financi al risk disclosures in listed South African banl<s: 2000
Resistance of Microsilica Concrete to Steel Corrosion Erosion and Chemical Attack (1989)

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A Multiple‐Packer/Standpipe System for Ground Water Monitoring in Consolidated Media (1987)

Abstract A simple system of packers and plastic standpipes has been used for sampling water and monitoring piezometric levels at four to six selected points in 2.98 inches (76mm) bedrock boreholes for up to five years. The relatively inexpensive packers held a required inflation pressure for at least four months and could be removed from the borehole when desired. The approach used is adaptable for other purposes and has been used for borehole dilution tests and vertical tracer tests.
[Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in the serum and synovia of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. (1986)

Over 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined to ascertain the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DP IV) (EC number: 3.4.14.-) in serum and synovial fluid. If the activity stage of RA (clinical and paraclinical picture) is on the increase, the gly-pro-NHNp-hydrolysis in serum and synovial fluid decreases. Indirect statistical connections between the cytological activity stage and the DP IV activity are detectable. Although the enzyme from the serum with the molecular weight of 270 kD can only filter scantily into the synovia, there is an intraindividual connection between the enzyme activity in the synovial fluid and serum. With the aid of combined experiments the effect of the endogenous inhibitors can be excluded.
Simultaneous registration of multiple point sets using orthonormal matrices (2002)

We present a novel solution to the problem of simultaneously registering multiple corresponding point sets with rigid transformations. The proposed technique involves the pre-computation of a constant matrix which completely encodes the registration problem, followed by an iterative procedure to estimate the optimal rotations. From the estimated rotations, the optimal translations are then computed directly. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data demonstrate the algorithm's performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Loss of Function of Cytochrome c in Jurkat Cells Undergoing Fas-mediated Apoptosis (1996)

Mitochondrial function was examined in Jurkat cells undergoing Fas-mediated apoptosis. With succinate or ascorbate/tetramethylphenylenediamine as substrate, oxygen uptake by digitonin-permeabilized apoptotic mitochondria was greatly decreased as compared with control. Assessment of the function of the cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase segment of the electron transport chain of apoptotic mitochondria showed that the activity of cytochrome oxidase appeared to be normal, but that of cytochrome c was greatly diminished. A death protease was found to participate in the events leading to the loss of cytochrome c activity, but the cytochrome did not seem to be extensively degraded during the course of apoptosis. Our results suggest that a rapid loss in mitochondrial function due at least in part to the inhibition or inactivation of cytochrome c is a potentially fatal component of the apoptosis program of Jurkat cells.
Attack Modeling for Information Security and Survivability (2001)

Many engineering disciplines rely on engineering failure data to improve their designs. Unfortunately, this is not the case with information system engineers, who generally do not use security failure data—particularly attack data—to improve the security and survivability of systems that they develop. Part of the reason for this is that, historically, businesses and governments have been reticent to disclose information about attacks on their systems for fear of losing public confidence or for fear that other attackers would exploit the same or similar vulnerabilities. Specific, detailed attack data has just not been available. However, increased public interest and media coverage of the Internet's security have resulted in increased publication of attack data in books, Internet and CERT security advisories, for example. Engineers can now use this data in a structured way to improve information system security and survivability. This technical note describes and illustrates an approach for documenting attack information in a structured and reusable form. We expect that security analysts can use this approach to document and identify commonly occurring attack patterns, and that information system designers and analysts can use these patterns to develop more survivable information systems.
A novel vasoactive peptide endothelin stimulates mitogenesis through inositol lipid turnover in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts (1989)

Endothelin, a novel vasoactive peptide derived from endothelial cells (Yanagisawa, M., Kurihara, H., Kimura, S., Tomobe, Y., Kobayashi, M., Mitsui, Y., Yazaki, Y., Goto, K., and Masaki, T. (1988) Nature 332, 411-415), acts as a potent mitogen in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. The effect is dose-dependent with a half-maximal effect obtained at approximately 3 x 10(-11) M and is synergistically enhanced by a low concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I. Endothelin specifically binds to a single class of high affinity receptors in intact Swiss 3T3 cells and stimulates phospholipase C with the production of second messengers inositol trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol, leading to biphasic increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, as measured with a fluorescent indicator fura-2, phosphorylation of a putative cellular substrate of 80 kDa for protein kinase C, and transient expression of cellular protoonocogenes, c-fos and c-myc. Mitogenic effect of endothelin is markedly attenuated in phorbol ester-pretreated, protein kinase C-depleted cells. Endothelin-induced inositol phosphates production is not affected by removal of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that endothelin-induced phospholipase C activation is not the result of stimulation of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. These composite results indicate that the inositol lipid signaling pathway plays an important role in endothelin-induced mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. The mitogenic effect of endothelin is considerably smaller than that of bombesin, another well characterized mitogen acting through the inositol lipid pathway, despite comparable potencies in eliciting initial second messenger signals. In endothelin-treated cells, an increase in cellular 1,2-diacylglycerol content is transient, and cellular cyclic AMP content is reduced. By contrast, bombesin induces a more prolonged increase in cellular 1,2-diacylglycerol content and a slight increase in cellular cyclic AMP content. Because both 1,2-diacylglycerol and cyclic AMP are thought to serve as signals for promoting DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, these differences in the signal generation may contribute to the differences in potencies between the two mitogens.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques (2018)

This chapter covers the basic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodologies, and discusses use of NMR and MRI to study moisture migration, proton mobility, and glass transition in bread and other baked products. Many nuclei spin about an axis, and the spinning generates a magnetic field known as magnetic moment. Like a normal magnet bar, this magnetic moment has a north and a south pole, which is called nuclear magnetic dipole. MRI is an extension of NMR. It provides additional spatial information regarding the spins. The MRI system is designed to excite and receive signals from a single point, line, plane, or three-dimensional volume in a sequential manner. The point and line scanning methods are inefficient and have been superseded by the more efficient two- and three-dimensional methods.
A Concurrent Perspective on Smart Contracts (2017)

In this paper, we explore remarkable similarities between multi-transactional behaviors of smart contracts in cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum and classical problems of shared-memory concurrency. We examine two real-world examples from the Ethereum blockchain and analyzing how they are vulnerable to bugs that are closely reminiscent to those that often occur in traditional concurrent programs. We then elaborate on the relation between observable contract behaviors and well-studied concurrency topics, such as atomicity, interference, synchronization, and resource ownership. The described contracts-as-concurrent-objects analogy provides deeper understanding of potential threats for smart contracts, indicate better engineering practices, and enable applications of existing state-of-the-art formal verification techniques.
Industrial processing of TiO2 thin films from soluble precursor powders (2003)

Soluble, amorphous powders were prepared as precursors for the sol-gel processing of TiO2 films. Layers of up to 800 nm and 2.0 μm were prepared on borosilicate glass and Ni-alloy by multiple coating, respectively. A refractive index of 2.3 was achieved. The interdependency of parameters such as solvent composition, withdrawal rate, thermal treatment with film quality, thickness and optical properties was investigated. The conditions were optimized for large-area coatings on an industrial scale. The overall process is highly advantageous for industrial production of optical interference filters due to the long-time stability of precursor powders and sols, high optical quality of the resulting films, excellent substrate adhesion and good compatibility with other sol-gel films.
A Streaming Data Anomaly Detection Analytic Engine for Mobile Network Management (2016)

With emerging Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigms in Network Management (NM), new network devices, features can immediately become available. Available network resources, services can be altered, optimized in real time to gain the maximum benefit. However, this requires real time analytics information sent to SDN controllers rather than traditional manual offline or batch analytics which deliver outputs in hourly or monthly in NM Systems. As a result, real time analytic is becoming a critical element for NM. In this paper, we describe a configuration free (i.e., non-parametric) streaming data anomaly detection analytic engine for automatic NM system development. We describe the design principles, innovative algorithm design, architecture, implementation of the engine in relation to streaming data, mobile NM. Finally, we present use cases, evaluation results.
Relationship between working memory performance and neural activation measured using near‐infrared spectroscopy (2014)

Subjects with better WM performance have higher levels of oxyhemoglobin activation compared with control trials in the WM delay time, and our results suggest that NIRS will be useful for measuring the WM performance.
3‘-Ferrocene-Labeled Oligonucleotide Chains End-Tethered to Gold Electrode Surfaces:  Novel Model Systems for Exploring Flexibility of Short DNA Using Cyclic Voltammetry (2003)

The flexibility of DNA is of central importance in biology, medicine, materials science, and mechanical engineering. In this study, we report an unprecedented electrochemical approach for investigating the flexibility of a short (typically 20-base), surface end-tethered single-stranded synthetic DNA oligonucleotide and of its postformed DNA duplex, taking as an example the homopolymer (dT)20 sequence in the regime of very high ionic strength ( approximately 1 M).
Time/Space Recursions For Differential Motion Estimation (1986)

The alqorithms for the measurement of image motion heavily depend on the uniformity of the motion field. Block techniques work only if the whole block undergoes the same motion and point-recursive techniques work only if the motion changes smoothly. However, in real images. motion changes abruptly at the boundaries of the imaged objects. Therefore block techniques are unreliable and pointwise recursion techniques have to be driven by proper tests so that the recursions are stopped and reinitialized where necessary, without causing unnecessary smear. The paper analyzes such improvements of the pel recursive motion analysis techniques either for coding, with a progressive scan of the image sequence, or for image interpolation.