gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein p53--structure, function, and possible therapeutic implications. (2003)

Cell cycle is driven by a number of positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that ultimately influence the activity of transcription factors. Normal skin architecture depends on the regulation mechanisms of cell proliferation and differentiation and on apoptosis. Complex interaction of different factors in the regulation of these mechanisms, aimed at maintaining constant desquamation, is often changed in skin diseases. The main difference between normal cells and tumor cells results from discrete changes in specific genes important for cell proliferation control mechanisms and tissue homeostasis. These genes are mainly proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, and their mutation could play a role in cell hyperproliferation and carcinogenesis. Tumor-suppressor genes normally function as a physiological barrier against clonal expansion or mutation accumulation in the genome. They also control and arrest growth of the cells that hyperproliferate due to oncogene activity. Alteration or DNA damage in tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are considered key events in human carcinogenesis. Tumor-suppressor protein p53 is an important transcription factor, which plays a central role in the cell cycle regulation mechanisms and cell proliferation control, and its inactivation is considered a key event in human carcinogenesis. The role of p53 protein in the cell cycle, high proportion of tumors with mutated p53 gene, and accumulation of significant amount of knowledge on molecular biology of this protein make this molecule especially attractive for development of new therapeutic approaches. Main strategies for development of new antineoplastic therapies are based on "wild-type" p53 protein acting as a tumor suppressor, selective apoptosis inductor, and a protein able to arrest cell cycle.
Preparation and Properties of Monodisperse Latex Spheres with Controlled Magnetic Moment for Field-Induced Colloidal Crystallization and (Dipolar) Chain Formation (2006)

We report the preparation and properties of monodisperse magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) latex spheres that exhibit field-induced colloidal crystallization to exotic morphologies controlled by the geometry of the gradient. The magnetic moment of the novel magnetic spheres is due to an inner core of magnetite particles. These particles, obtained from a conventional ferrofluid, first form a monodisperse emulsion with a silane coupling agent, after which they are directly incorporated in PMMA latex synthesized by standard emulsion polymerization. Scattering from the latex shell dominates over light absorption by the magnetic cores such that visible Bragg reflections of the magnetic crystals can be clearly observed. Concentrated nearly white latex fluids may exhibit near a magnet the warped equilibrium menisci known from the usually dark magnetite ferrofluids. Of the many possible applications, we briefly discuss the subsequent growth and melting of crystals by a slowly oscillating gradient, the formation of radial lattices, and the formation of ordered magnetic dots in PMMA latex films.
Anti--Myelin Basic Protein and Anti--Proteolipid Protein Antibody-Secreting Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Acute Optic Neuritis (1994)

These data suggest that anti-PLP antibodies are a more specific finding in demyelinating disease than anti-MBP antibodies. Furthermore, they suggest that anti-PLP antibodies may arise as a consequence of the demyelinating process.
El desarrollo del género biográfico entre los jesuitas del Paraguay antes de la expulsión de España (2015)

Los jesuitas cultivaron el género biográfico en su afán de perpetuar en la historia a sus miembros más destacados. Así se lo hizo en la provincia del Paraguay con la pasión de crear arquetipos de imitación para los jóvenes religiosos. Cada biografía fue una elaboración colectiva que tenía su origen en la Carta de Edificación que escribía un allegado y esta era reescrita como obituario en las Cartas Anuas. Fundamentalmente estos documentos, aunque no fueron los únicos, se constituyeron en el material con que contaron los historiadores del Instituto. En este trabajo centramos la producción biográfica en obras inéditas y las publicadas en los siglos XVII y XVIII, sin incluir la monumental literatura de los jesuitas expulsos.
Enhancement by Reducing Agents of the Transformation of Human and Rabbit Peripheral Lymphocytes (1970)

Abstract Lymphocytes may be stimulated to undergo transformation into blast cells by a variety of nonspecific chemical agents, or by antiglobulin or antilymphocyte antisera. Antigens act as mitogenic agents on lymphocytes from sensitized animals (1-3). We have now observed that the action of various mitogens on human and rabbit peripheral lymphoeytes is markedly enhsnced in the presence of the reducing agents, l-cysteine, glutathione, or sulfite. Rabbit peripheral lymphocytes were isolated, purified on a cotton-wool column and cultured as described previously (4). Human leukocytes were obtained from the blood of normal individuals by allowing the cells to settle in 10% Plasmagel (Laboratoire Roger Bellon, Neuilly, France). The leukocyte-rich layer was removed and the cells were washed several times with 20% decomplemented fetal calf serum in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM). Leukocytes were cultured (4) at a concentration of 106 cells/ml. Rabbit lymphoeytes were cultured for 48 hr and human leukocytes for 108 hr; 24 hr before harvest, 5 µCi of 3H-thymidine (6.7 Ci/mM) was added to the rabbit lymphocyte cultures and either 5 µCi or 2 µCi of 3H-thymidine to the human leukocyte cultures. Radioactivity incorporated into DNA was determined as described previously (4).
Class switch from μ to δ is mediated by homologous recombination between σ<sub>μ</sub> and σ<sub>μ</sub> sequences in human immunoglobulin gene loci (1989)

Class switch of immunoglobulin from mu to gamma occurs by recombination between two repetitive switch sequences: S mu and S gamma. However, there are no such sequences in the mu-delta introns of human and mouse genomes. Although the frequency of IgD-secreting cells is extremely low in mouse about 1% of patients with myeloma produce IgD in human. In a previous report (Nucleic Acids Res. 1988. 16: 9497) we reported that a 442-bp DNA sequence located in the JH-mu intron (defined as sigma mu) was inserted into the mu-delta intron (defined as sigma mu) in human genome. There is no such insertion in mouse. We analyzed Ig H chain gene loci of two human IgD myelomas: one was analyzed by cloning and sequencing and the other by Southern hybridization. We found that recombination had occurred between these two homologous DNA sequences, resulting in loss of the DNA segment from sigma mu to sigma mu. On the other hand, in a Burkitt lymphoma, Daudi, the DNA fragment from sigma mu to sigma mu was duplicated. These results suggest that homologous recombination between sigma mu and sigma mu sequences mediates class switch from mu to delta in human and that it occurs via unequal crossing-over between sister chromatids or daughter chromosomes.
A Relatively Small Gradient of Extracellular pH Directs Migration of MDA-MB-231 Cells In Vitro (2020)

Hematogenous tumor metastasis begins with the invasion and spread of primary tumor cells in the local tissue leading to intravasation. We hypothesized that tumor cells might actively migrate toward intratumor vessels with the extracellular metabolic gradient acting as a guiding cue. Here, we determined in vitro whether the extracellular gradient of pH can act as a cue for directional migration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell migration was determined by the wound-healing assay under gradients of extracellular pH (~0.2 units/mm) and oxygen concentration (~6% O<sub>2</sub>/mm) that were produced by a microfluidic device, gap cover glass (GCG). Without GCG, the migration of cells was spatially homogeneous; the same number of cells migrated to the rectangular wound space from the left and right boundaries. In contrast, when GCG generated pH/O<sub>2</sub> gradients across the wound space, the number of cells migrating to the wound space from the boundary with higher pH/O<sub>2</sub> values was considerably decreased, indicating a preferential movement of cells toward the region of higher pH/O<sub>2</sub> in the gradient. The addition of hepes in the extracellular medium abolished both the extracellular pH gradient and the directional cell migration under GCG. We conclude that relatively small gradients of pH in the extracellular medium compared to those found in Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger-driven cell migration were sufficient to guide MDA-MB-231 cells. The directional cell migration as guided by the metabolic gradient could effectively elevate the probability of intravasation and, ultimately, hematogenous metastasis.
A 3v , 100MHz , 35mW , Dynamic Line Memory Macro Cell For HDTV Applications (1992)

A dynamic line memory macro cell with high speed of lOOMHz at a 3V power supply has been developed by using 0.8pm CMOS logic process. A small macro cell area of 1 .956mm2(960Wx8b) affords a repeated- and multi-utilization of line memories in an HDTV decoding VLSl system. In this paper, the circuit architecture, which achieves high speed operation with low power supply, the memory structure, and embedded test circuits are discussed and test results are reported.
Robustness of Majorana fermions in proximity-induced superconductors (2010)

In two-dimensional chiral $p$-wave superconductors, the zero-energy Majorana fermion excitations trapped at vortex cores are protected from the thermal effects by the minigap, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}/{ϵ}_{F}$ ($\ensuremath{\Delta}$: bulk gap, ${ϵ}_{F}$: Fermi energy), which is the excitation gap to the higher energy bound states in the vortex cores. Robustness to thermal effects is guaranteed only when $T⪡{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}/{ϵ}_{F}\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }\text{mK}$, which is a very severe experimental constraint. Here we show that when $s$-wave superconductivity is proximity-induced on the surface of a topological insulator or a spin-orbit-coupled semiconductor, as has been recently suggested, the minigaps of the resultant non-Abelian states can be orders of magnitude larger than in a chiral $p$-wave superconductor. Specifically, for interfaces with sufficient barrier transparencies, the minigap can be as high as $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\Delta}⪢{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}/{ϵ}_{F}$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is the bulk gap of the $s$-wave superconductor.
A Short Verifier-Local Revocation Group Signature Scheme with Backward Unlinkability (2007)

An approach of membership revocation in group signatures is verifier-local revocation (VLR for short).In this approach, only verifiers are involved in the revocation mechanism, while signers have no involvement.Thus, since signers have no load, this approach is suitable for mobile environments.Although Boneh and Shacham recently proposed a VLR group signature scheme from bilinear maps, this scheme does not satisfy the backward unlikability.The backward unlikability means that even after a member is revoked, signatures produced by the member before the revocation remain anonymous.In this paper, we propose VLR group signature schemes with the backward unlinkability from bilinear maps. Model and Security DefinitionsWe show a model of VLR group signature scheme with backward unlinkability, which is extended from a model of VLR group signature scheme proposed in [7].Definition 1.A VLR group signature scheme with backward unlinkability consists of the following algorithms: KeyGen(n, T ): It is a probabilistic algorithm on inputs n, which is the number of members, and T , which is the number of time intervals.It outputs a
An Accurate Power Control Strategy for Power-Electronics-Interfaced Distributed Generation Units Operating in a Low-Voltage Multibus Microgrid (2009)

In this paper, a power control strategy is proposed for a low-voltage microgrid, where the mainly resistive line impedance, the unequal impedance among distributed generation (DG) units, and the microgrid load locations make the conventional frequency and voltage droop method unpractical. The proposed power control strategy contains a virtual inductor at the interfacing inverter output and an accurate power control and sharing algorithm with consideration of both impedance voltage drop effect and DG local load effect. Specifically, the virtual inductance can effectively prevent the coupling between the real and reactive powers by introducing a predominantly inductive impedance even in a low-voltage network with resistive line impedances. On the other hand, based on the predominantly inductive impedance, the proposed accurate reactive power sharing algorithm functions by estimating the impedance voltage drops and significantly improves the reactive power control and sharing accuracy. Finally, considering the different locations of loads in a multibus microgrid, the reactive power control accuracy is further improved by employing an online estimated reactive power offset to compensate the effects of DG local load power demands. The proposed power control strategy has been tested in simulation and experimentally on a low-voltage microgrid prototype.
A versatile ultra-thin Au nanomesh from a reusable anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane (2013)

We demonstrated multiple replications of versatile ultra-thin Au nanomeshes from a single porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane as a reusable replication master. A bilayered film of Ag and Au was sequentially deposited on nanoporous AAO (i.e., Au/Ag/AAO), in which the Ag layer sandwiched in-between the Au layer and AAO serves as a sacrificial layer for separating the Au film from the oxide membrane during selective wet-chemical etching of Ag in HNO3 solution. The structure of the separated Au film is characterized by a free-standing nanomesh, the hole array pattern and pitch distance of which are defined by the AAO replication master. Ultra-thin Au meshes can be transferred onto substrates of choice without any structural failure. On the other hand, our repeated replication experiments have revealed that a single porous AAO replication master can be reused more than 30 times without significant structural changes. In the present work, we demonstrated the versatility of replicated Au nanomeshes in various nanofabrications, including preparation of extended arrays of Si nanowires (SiNWs) by metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon wafers and surface patterning of polymeric substrates with sub-100 nm resolution. The applicability of Au meshes as an electrode for flexible devices was manifested by comparable resistance values of Au meshes on the polymer substrate, viz., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), to a continuous Au film and stable I–V behaviours regardless of its bending state. The present approach of multiple replications of metal meshes from a single AAO membrane can be readily extended to other metallic materials and is time- and cost-effective compared to conventional lithographic methods.
Computation methodologies for efficient electromagnetic analysis of high-speed printed circuit board and ic package (2003)

As the system speed goes into the gigahertz range, the need to optimize the total solution including the chip, IC package and printed circuit board has never been more important to maximize the design performance and minimize cost. 
This thesis presents an effort to formulate an efficient and accurate scheme of simulating the high-speed printed-circuit boards and IC packages. The field inside packages can be decomposed into parallel-plate mode and transmission line mode fields. The two dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver is used to model the parallel-plate field between package layers. A novel scheme is introduced to model the field penetration through metal planes. The frequency-dependent plane loss and medium loss are modeled efficiently in the transient solver through rational function models and recursive convolution. An improved numerical scheme for accurate and stable transient simulation of transmission lines with physically consistent frequency-dependent loss is presented to model transmission line mode field. The fields associated with two modes and the external circuits interact at the location of vias. The scheme of combining the fields and external circuits is proposed to solve one of the obstacles in the existing approach. Some important aspects of signal integrity issues are addressed. Decoupling capacitors are widely used to reduce the voltage fluctuations in a power ground distribution system. The effective decoupling radius of decoupling capacitors is investigated which provides useful insights of how to place the capacitor effectively. 
The last chapter presents the transient simulation scheme of broadband multiport scattering parameter. A novel algorithm is proposed to enforce the bounded realness of the transfer function matrix through semidefinite programming. The computation complexity is significantly reduced by using trace parameterization.
Analytical Procedures Used in the Control of Bacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccines (1997)

Bacterial glycoconjugate vaccines consist of capsular polysaccharide chemically conjugated to a carrier protein. Vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) have proven effective in preventing invasive infection by Hib in young children. Because the stability of the conjugate is essential for vaccine efficacy, physicochemical analyses are necessary to ensure the integrity of these vaccines. Analytical methods used in conjugate vaccine development and production vary among manufacturers due to different components and conjugation chemistries. In the recent past, control authorities have focused on chemical analyses and conventional immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to evaluate the protein and polysaccharide components of glycoconjugate vaccines.

We have developed one-dimensional 500 MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the identity and purity of the polysaccharide component. The NMR spectrum of polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) was consistent with the structure of the repeating unit, and any trace contaminants were readily detected. We have also developed gel-permeation chromatography to assess the structure and stability of two conjugate vaccines. The characteristic peak height relationship for each manufacturer's product was consistent, with no detectable changes when stored according to manufacturer's specifications. Vaccine stability was determined by examining samples subjected to high temperatures for prolonged periods of time, and aggregation and degradation of vaccines was detected using this method. These physicochemical analyses are essential because there is no suitable animal model that correlates with immunogenicity in man. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new analytical procedures and biological correlates of activity in order to control Hib vaccines and develop new glycoconjugate vaccines against other pathogenic bacteria.

In this study, NMR and fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) analyses were used to determine the identity, purity, and stability of two Hib conjugate vaccines licensed for use in the UK. Our results demonstrate that physicochemical methods can be used to evaluate the manufacturing consistency and stability of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines.
A discourse-pragmatic explanation for the subject-object asymmetry in early null arguments (1998)

The present paper assesses discourse-pragmatic factors as a potential explanation for the subject-object assymetry in early child language. It identifies a set of factors which characterize typical situations of informativeness (Greenfield & Smith, 1976), and uses these factors to identify informative arguments in data from four children aged 2;0 through 3;6 learning Inuktitut as a first language. In addition, it assesses the extent of the links between features of informativeness on one hand and lexical vs. null and subject vs. object arguments on the other. Results suggest that a pragmatics account of the subject-object asymmetry can be upheld to a greater extent than previous research indicates, and that several of the factors characterizing informativeness are good indicators of those arguments which tend to be omitted in early child language.
Crystal structure of RIG-I C-terminal domain bound to blunt-ended double-strand RNA without 5′ triphosphate (2010)

RIG-I recognizes molecular patterns in viral RNA to regulate the induction of type I interferons. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I exhibits high affinity for 5' triphosphate (ppp) dsRNA as well as blunt-ended dsRNA. Structures of RIG-I CTD bound to 5'-ppp dsRNA showed that RIG-I recognizes the termini of dsRNA and interacts with the ppp through electrostatic interactions. However, the structural basis for the recognition of non-phosphorylated dsRNA by RIG-I is not fully understood. Here, we show that RIG-I CTD binds blunt-ended dsRNA in a different orientation compared to 5' ppp dsRNA and interacts with both strands of the dsRNA. Overlapping sets of residues are involved in the recognition of blunt-ended dsRNA and 5' ppp dsRNA. Mutations at the RNA-binding surface affect RNA binding and signaling by RIG-I. These results provide the mechanistic basis for how RIG-I recognizes different RNA ligands.
New Equation of State for Ethylene Covering the Fluid Region for Temperatures From the Melting Line to 450 K at Pressures up to 300 MPa (2000)

This work reviews the available data on thermodynamic properties of ethylene and presents a new equation of state in the form of a fundamental equation explicit in the Helmholtz energy. The functional form of the residual part of the Helmholtz energy was developed by using state-of-the-art linear optimization strategies. The new equation of state contains 35 coefficients which were fitted to selected data of the following properties: (a) thermal properties of the single phase (pρT) and (b) of the liquid–vapor saturation curve (ps,ρ′,ρ″) including the Maxwell criterion, (c) speed of sound w of the single-phase region and the saturated vapor and liquid, (d) isochoric heat capacity cv, (e) specific isobaric heat capacity cp of the single-phase region and of the saturated liquid, and (f) second and third thermal virial coefficients B and C. For the density, the estimated uncertainty of the new equation of state is less than ±0.02% for pressures up to 12 MPa and temperatures up to 340 K with the exception of the critical region. Outside the range mentioned above, the estimated uncertainty is less than ±0.03% for pressures up to 30 MPa and temperatures between 235 and 350 K. The new formulation shows reasonable extrapolation behavior up to very high pressures and temperatures. Independent equations for the vapor pressure, for the pressure on the sublimation and melting curve, and for the saturated-liquid and saturated-vapor densities are also included. Tables for the thermodynamic properties of ethylene from 104 to 450 K for pressures up to 300 MPa are given in the appendix.
Metallocarboranes That Exhibit Novel Chemical Features (1972)

Among the myriad transition metal and main group complexes of ligands derived from carboranes, some exhibit unique structural variations and novel dynamic behavior.
Stable and efficient electroluminescence from a porous silicon-based bipolar device (1996)

A complete process compatible with conventional Si technology has been developed in order to produce a bipolar light-emitting device. This device consists of a layer of light-emitting porous silicon annealed at high temperature (800–900 °C) sandwiched between a p-type Si wafer and a highly doped (n+) polycrystalline Si film. The properties of the electroluminescence (EL) strongly depend on the annealing conditions. Under direct bias, EL is detected at voltages of ∼2 V and current densities J∼1 mA/cm2. The maximum EL intensity is 1 mW/cm2 and the EL can be modulated by a square wave current pulse with frequencies ν≥1 MHz. No degradation has been observed during 1 month of pulsed operation.