gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deflection of a Na Beam by Resonant Standing-Wave Radiation (1979)

A symmetric deflection of a Na beam by resonant standing-wave radiation has been observed. The combination of absorption and stimulated emission of the two oppositely traveling waves ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ results in a net deflection of the beam. The observed magnitude of the beam deflection and its dependence on the radiation power agree with a calculation based on the random-walk picture that the two traveling waves ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ are utilized randomly in the stimulated-emission and absorption processes.
Partial Crosstalk Cancellation for Upstream VDSL (2004)

Crosstalk is a major problem in modern DSL systems such as VDSL. Many crosstalk cancellation techniques have been proposed to help mitigate crosstalk, but whilst they lead to impressive performance gains, their complexity grows with the square of the number of lines within a binder. In binder groups which can carry up to hundreds of lines, this complexity is outside the scope of current implementation. In this paper, we investigate partial crosstalk cancellation for upstream VDSL. The majority of the detrimental effects of crosstalk are typically limited to a small subset of lines and tones. Furthermore, significant crosstalk is often only seen from neighbouring pairs within the binder configuration. We present a number of algorithms which exploit these properties to reduce the complexity of crosstalk cancellation. These algorithms are shown to achieve the majority of the performance gains of full crosstalk cancellation with significantly reduced run-time complexity.
Direct welding of fused silica with femtosecond fiber laser (2012)

Development of techniques for joining and welding materials on a micrometer scale is of great importance in a number of applications, including life science, sensing, optoelectronics and MEMS packaging. In this paper, methods of welding and sealing optically transparent materials using a femtosecond fiber laser (1 MHz & 1030 nm) were demonstrated which overcome the limit of small area welding of optical materials from previous work. When fs laser pulses are tightly focused at the interface of the materials, localized heat accumulation based on nonlinear absorption and quenching occur around the focal volume, which melts and resolidifies, thus welds the materials without inserting an intermediate layer. The welding process does not need any preprocessing before the welding. At first, single line welding results with different laser parameters was studied. Then successful bonding between fused silica with multi line scanning method was introduced. Finally, complete sealing of transparent materials with fs laser was demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the sample prove successful welding without voids or cracks. This laser micro-welding technique can be extended to welding of semiconductor materials and has potential for various applications, such as optoelectronic devices and MEMS system.
UML-based design test generation (2008)

In this paper we investigate and propose a fully automated technique to perform conformance checking of Java implementations against UML class diagrams. In our approach, we reused the DesignWizard Java API that allows us to write design rules as JUnit tests, i.e., to write them as code directly in the programming language. We fully pursued MDA as the approach for generating the design tests and hence we used several MDA artifacts, such as metamodels, models and transformations. A proof of concept of the technique has been implemented and evaluated. We performed several experiments on simple scenarios. Simple designs involving classes, associations, inheritance have been checked. Compared to previous related work, the advantage of our approach lies in the fact that we automatically generate design tests from UML class diagrams to Java code that play the dual role of design test and implementation language. Thus, we check the conformance between the design and the implementation.
A small step towards personalized medicine for non-small cell lung cancer. (2009)

Treatment outcome for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited by empiric administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent advances in molecular genomics have revolutionized cancer management and, specifically, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation has become a potent biomarker for lung cancer, which predicts tumor response to and prolonged duration of disease control by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The Iressa Pan-Asia Study (IPASS) is a randomized phase III study comparing gefitinib (EGFR TKI) with paclitaxel/carboplatin (standard chemotherapy) in Asian non-/light smokers with adenocarcinoma. Progression-free survival (PFS) in EGFR mutation-positive patients was longer with gefitinib than with chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.64; p<0.0001); in EGFR mutation-negative patients, PFS was longer with chemotherapy than with gefitinib (HR 2.85; 95% CI 2.05-3.98; p<0.0001). The findings are confirmed by one single-arm study and three other randomized studies. It has become clear that personalized medicine for NSCLC is feasible. This small step towards personalized medicine represents a paradigm shift in the management of NSCLC.
Point Mutations in FimH Adhesin of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Enhance Intestinal Inflammatory Response (2013)

Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are abnormally predominant on Crohn's disease (CD) ileal mucosa. AIEC reference strain LF82 adheres to ileal enterocytes via the common type 1 pili adhesin FimH and recognizes CEACAM6 receptors abnormally expressed on CD ileal epithelial cells. The fimH genes of 45 AIEC and 47 non-AIEC strains were sequenced. The phylogenetic tree based on fimH DNA sequences indicated that AIEC strains predominantly express FimH with amino acid mutations of a recent evolutionary origin - a typical signature of pathoadaptive changes of bacterial pathogens. Point mutations in FimH, some of a unique AIEC-associated nature, confer AIEC bacteria a significantly higher ability to adhere to CEACAM-expressing T84 intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, in the LF82 strain, the replacement of fimH(LF82) (expressing FimH with an AIEC-associated mutation) with fimH(K12) (expressing FimH of commensal E. coli K12) decreased the ability of bacteria to persist and to induce severe colitis and gut inflammation in infected CEABAC10 transgenic mice expressing human CEACAM receptors. Our results highlight a mechanism of AIEC virulence evolution that involves selection of amino acid mutations in the common bacterial traits, such as FimH protein, and leads to the development of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a genetically susceptible host. The analysis of fimH SNPs may be a useful method to predict the potential virulence of E. coli isolated from IBD patients for diagnostic or epidemiological studies and to identify new strategies for therapeutic intervention to block the interaction between AIEC and gut mucosa in the early stages of IBD.
Contamination of firefighter personal protective equipment and skin and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures (2017)

Firefighters' skin may be exposed to chemicals via permeation/penetration of combustion byproducts through or around personal protective equipment (PPE) or from the cross-transfer of contaminants on PPE to the skin. Additionally, volatile contaminants can evaporate from PPE following a response and be inhaled by firefighters. Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as respective markers for non-volatile and volatile substances, we investigated the contamination of firefighters' turnout gear and skin following controlled residential fire responses. Participants were grouped into three crews of twelve firefighters. Each crew was deployed to a fire scenario (one per day, four total) and then paired up to complete six fireground job assignments. Wipe sampling of the exterior of the turnout gear was conducted pre- and post-fire. Wipe samples were also collected from a subset of the gear after field decontamination. VOCs off-gassing from gear were also measured pre-fire, post-fire, and post-decon. Wipe sampling of the firefighters' hands and neck was conducted pre- and post-fire. Additional wipes were collected after cleaning neck skin. PAH levels on turnout gear increased after each response and were greatest for gear worn by firefighters assigned to fire attack and to search and rescue activities. Field decontamination using dish soap, water, and scrubbing was able to reduce PAH contamination on turnout jackets by a median of 85%. Off-gassing VOC levels increased post-fire and then decreased 17-36 min later regardless of whether field decontamination was performed. Median post-fire PAH levels on the neck were near or below the limit of detection (< 24 micrograms per square meter [µg/m<sup>2</sup>]) for all positions. For firefighters assigned to attack, search, and outside ventilation, the 75<sup>th</sup> percentile values on the neck were 152, 71.7, and 39.3 µg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Firefighters assigned to attack and search had higher post-fire median hand contamination (135 and 226 µg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively) than other positions (< 10.5 µg/m<sup>2</sup>). Cleansing wipes were able to reduce PAH contamination on neck skin by a median of 54%.
How to avoid building DataBlades(R) that know the value of everything and the cost of nothing (2003)

The object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) offers many potential benefits for scientific, multimedia and financial applications. However work remains in the integration of domain-specific class libraries into ORDBMS query processing. A major problem is that the standard mechanisms for query selectivity estimation, taken from relational database systems, rely on properties specific to the standard data types; creation of new mechanisms remains extremely difficult because the software interfaces provided by vendors are relatively low-level. We discuss extensions of the generalized search tree, or GiST, to support a higher level but less type-specific approach. Specifically, we discuss the computation of selectivity estimates with confidence intervals using a variety of index based approaches and present results from an experimental comparison of these methods with several estimators from the literature.
EVIDENCE THAT ANTI-LFA-1 IN VIVO IMPROVES ENGRAFTMENT AND SURVIVAL AFTER ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1990)

The LFA-1 molecule is a member of the leukocyte adhesion complex (CD11/CD18) that is critical to adhesion and effector function of T cells and NK cells. Both T cells and NK cells play important roles in bone marrow graft rejection, and anti-LFA-1 MAbs inhibit in vitro T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity. We here describe the in vivo use of a monoclonal antibody to the alpha chain of LFA-1 (CD11a) to prevent rejection of T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow. Animals receiving anti-LFA-1 and 1100 cGy total-body irradiation showed improved hemopoietic and immunologic reconstitution one month after BMT when compared with animals receiving TBI alone. Animals in the anti-LFA-1 group showed significantly improved long-term survival, and had no deficits in long-term lymphohemopoietic reconstitution.
Metabolic engineering of monoterpene synthesis in yeast (2011)

Terpenoids are one of the largest and most diverse families of natural compounds. They are heavily used in industry, and the trend is toward engineering modified microorganisms that produce high levels of specific terpenoids. Most studies have focused on creating specific heterologous pathways for sesquiterpenes in Escherichia coli or yeast. We subjected the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG20 gene (encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase) to a set of amino acid mutations in the catalytic site at position K197. Mutated strains have been shown to exhibit various growth rate, sterol amount, and monoterpenol-producing capacities. These results are discussed in the context of the potential use of these mutated strains for heterologous expression of monoterpenoid synthases, which was investigated using Ocimum basilicum geraniol synthase. The results obtained with up to 5 mg/L geraniol suggest a major improvement compared with previous available expression systems like Escherichia coli or yeast strains with an unmodified ERG20 gene that respectively delivered amounts in the 10 and 500 µg/L range or even a previously characterized K197E mutation that delivered amounts in the 1 mg/L range.
Cloud-Based Mobile Multimedia Recommendation System With User Behavior Information (2014)

Facing massive multimedia services and contents in the Internet, mobile users usually waste a lot of time to obtain their interests. Therefore, various context-aware recommendation systems have been proposed. Most of those proposed systems deploy a large number of context collectors at terminals and access networks. However, the context collecting and exchanging result in heavy network overhead, and the context processing consumes huge computation. In this paper, a cloud-based mobile multimedia recommendation system which can reduce network overhead and speed up the recommendation process is proposed. The users are classified into several groups according to their context types and values. With the accurate classification rules, the context details are not necessary to compute, and the huge network overhead is reduced. Moreover, user contexts, user relationships, and user profiles are collected from video-sharing websites to generate multimedia recommendation rules based on the Hadoop platform. When a new user request arrives, the rules will be extended and optimized to make real-time recommendation. The results show that the proposed approach can recommend desired services with high precision, high recall, and low response delay.
Structured metric learning for high dimensional problems (2008)

The success of popular algorithms such as k-means clustering or nearest neighbor searches depend on the assumption that the underlying distance functions reflect domain-specific notions of similarity for the problem at hand. The distance metric learning problem seeks to optimize a distance function subject to constraints that arise from fully-supervised or semisupervised information. Several recent algorithms have been proposed to learn such distance functions in low dimensional settings. One major shortcoming of these methods is their failure to scale to high dimensional problems that are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in modern data mining applications. In this paper, we present metric learning algorithms that scale linearly with dimensionality, permitting efficient optimization, storage, and evaluation of the learned metric. This is achieved through our main technical contribution which provides a framework based on the log-determinant matrix divergence which enables efficient optimization of structured, low-parameter Mahalanobis distances. Experimentally, we evaluate our methods across a variety of high dimensional domains, including text, statistical software analysis, and collaborative filtering, showing that our methods scale to data sets with tens of thousands or more features. We show that our learned metric can achieve excellent quality with respect to various criteria. For example, in the context of metric learning for nearest neighbor classification, we show that our methods achieve 24% higher accuracy over the baseline distance. Additionally, our methods yield very good precision while providing recall measures up to 20% higher than other baseline methods such as latent semantic analysis.
Cooperative Awareness at Low Vehicle Densities: How Parked Cars Can Help See through Buildings (2011)

Many safety applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) require vehicles to be aware of the presence of nearby cars, but - especially in urban and suburban regions - buildings and other obstacles may block radio transmissions. In the literature, multi-hop relaying by neighboring cars has been demonstrated to perform well at disseminating safety broadcasts in the presence of obstacles. At night, in areas with low traffic density, or when the penetration rate of Car-2-X devices is low, however, there are likely to be too few relaying cars available. This again leads to the problem that vehicles which are not in line-of-sight frequently cannot be sensed either. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to help overcome this problem by utilizing parked cars as relay nodes. We study the effectiveness and the necessity of this approach with the help of extensive simulative studies and real life experiments. We show how, for scenarios with few equipped cars, the utilization of parked cars proves crucial to support safety applications. When disseminating safety critical events in a realistic scenario, parked cars can increase cooperative awareness by over 40% in total.
Citbismine-A, a New Bisacndone Alkaloid from Citrus paradisi. (1994)

A novel type bisacridone alkaloid, named citbismine-A, was isolated from the roots of Marsh grapefruit; its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic method and unequivocally by X-ray crystal analysis as 1.
Peripheral-type benzodiazepines inhibit calcium channels and aldosterone production in adrenal glomerulosa cells (1993)

Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), K+, and ACTH are important stimulators of aldosterone secretion that require Ca2+ influx to be active. However, Ang-II and K+ are linked to the Ca2+ messenger system, while ACTH is coupled to the cAMP pathway. Peripheral-type binding sites for benzodiazepines are particularly abundant in steroidogenic tissues and have been proposed to be involved in the steroidogenic action of ACTH in Y-1 adrenocortical cells. We report here that in adrenal glomerulosa cells, peripheral-type [4'-chlor-diazepam (CDZ), 1-(2-chlorophenyl)N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)3-isoquinolinecarboxamid e (RP 52028), and flunitrazepam], but not a central-type (flumazenil) benzodiazepine reversibly abolished the stimulation of aldosterone output induced by Ang-II or K+, while they had no significant effect on basal aldosterone secretion. This inhibitory effect depended upon drug concentration (IC50 30 microM for CDZ) and affected the potencies of both stimulators, without altering their respective EC50 values. Similar results were obtained when aldosterone production was stimulated with ACTH, forskolin, or (Bu)2cAMP. Aldosterone production from exogenous 25-hydroxycholesterol or progesterone was partially inhibited by CDZ. In glomerulosa cells loaded with a fluorescent Ca2+ probe, benzodiazepines blocked Ca2+ influx triggered by K+ or Ang-II without affecting the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores induced by Ang-II. T- and L-type Ca2+ channel activities, monitored with the patch-clamp technique, were both inhibited within the same range of concentrations as aldosterone synthesis and Ca2+ influx. These results indicate that in adrenal zona glomerulosa cells, peripheral-type benzodiazepines block Ca2+ influx through voltage-activated channels. The combined action of peripheral-type benzodiazepines on calcium influx and precursor conversion may be responsible for the observed inhibition of Ang-II-, K(+)-, or ACTH-induced aldosterone secretion.
Experience with EHV transformer retirements (2006)

Summary form only given. Facing the aging of its large electric transformer assets, PJM, a regional transmission organization (RTO) in eastern US, is testing a new method to model and predict transformers' service lives systematically and objectively. The approach is introduced in this panel session. A Bayesian probabilistic method is used to model the uncertainty in the three parameters of Perks' distribution derived from a simplified form of Perks' equation to represent the hazard function of transmission transformers. This method is a major improvement from traditional Iowa curves. It gives a continuous family of transformer life distributions as well as the likelihood rather than a limited number of distribution patterns. The Perks' distribution can assume all the three distribution patterns of Iowa curves: right, left, and symmetrically modal. The method is illustrated in detail by applying to a single vintage data set of transformers. PJM is in the process of implementing this method to the statistics on hundreds of large electric transformers in PJM
Perivascular adipose tissue contains functional catecholamines (2014)

The sympathetic nervous system and its neurotransmitter effectors are undeniably important to blood pressure control. We made the novel discovery that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant concentrations of catecholamines. We hypothesized that PVAT contains sufficient releasable catecholamines to affect vascular function. HPLC, isometric contractility, immunohistochemistry, whole animal approaches and pharmacology were used to test this hypothesis. In normal rat thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric artery, the indirect sympathomimetic tyramine caused a concentration-dependent contraction that was dependent on the presence of PVAT. Tyramine stimulated release of NA, dopamine (DA) and the tryptamine serotonin (5-HT) from PVAT isolated from both arteries. In both arteries, tyramine-induced concentration-dependent contraction was rightward-shifted and reduced by the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor nisoxetine (1 μM), the vesicular monoamine transporter tetrabenazine (10 μM) and abolished by the α adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin (100 nM). Inhibitors of the DA and 5-HT transporter did not alter tyramine-induced, PVAT-dependent contraction. Removal of the celiac ganglion as a neuronal source of catecholamines for superior mesenteric artery PVAT did not significantly reduce the maximum or shift the concentration dependent contraction to tyramine. Electrical field stimulation of the isolated aorta was not affected by the presence of PVAT. These data suggest that PVAT components that are independent of sympathetic nerves can release NA in a tyramine-sensitive manner to result in arterial contraction. Because PVAT is intimately apposed to the artery, this raises the possibility of local control of arterial function by PVAT catecholamines.
3D PET List-Mode Iterative Reconstruction Using Time-Of-Flight Information (2005)

A limited number of time-of-flight (TOF) PET systems were developed and studied in the 1980*s and early 1990's using fast scintillators such as BaF2 or CsF. These systems had the very good timing resolution needed for TOF PET but the lower stopping power and low light output yield of these scintillators could not provide systems with comparable performance to BOO. Recent development of other fast scintillators including LSO and LaBr3 has recently renewed interest in TOF PET. All of the TOF PET developed in the 80's and 90's used axial collimation with a very small axial FOV. Most TOF reconstruction methods that were studied were 2D. In this study, a 3D EM-ML list-mode iterative algorithm using TOF information has been implemented and tested using a new Monte Carlo simulation package, GATE, providing time information related to each photon travel from its annihilation to detection point and list-mode format output. Visually, it appears as if TOF information can improve detectability in reconstructed images.