gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Optimal Legalization for Mixed-Cell-Height Circuit Designs (2017)

Modern circuits often contain standard cells of different row heights to meet various design requirements. Higher cells give larger drive strengths at the costs of larger areas and power. Multi-row-height standard cells incur challenging issues to layout designs, especially the mixed-cell-height legalization problem due to the heterogeneous cell structures. Honoring the good cell positions from global placement, we present in this paper a fast and near-optimal algorithm to solve the legalization problem. Fixing the cell ordering from global placement and relaxing the right boundary constraints, we first convert the problem into a linear complementarity problem (LCP). With the converted LCP, we split its matrices to meet the convergence requirement of a modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method (MMSIM), and then apply the MMSIM to solve the LCP. This MMSIM method guarantees the optimality if no cells are placed beyond the right boundary of a chip. Finally, a Tetris-like allocation approach is used to align cells to placement sites on rows and fix the placement of out-of-right-boundary cells, if any. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve the best cell displacement and wirelength among all published methods in reasonable runtimes. The MMSIM optimality is theoretically proven and empirically validated. In particular, our formulation provides new generic solutions and research directions for various optimization problems that require solving large-scale quadratic programs efficiently.
Resonance-Stabilized 1,2,3-Dithiazolo-1,2,3-dithiazolyls as Neutral π-Radical Conductors (2002)

Alkylation of the zwitterionic heterocycle 8-chloro-bis[1,2,3]dithiazolo[4,5-b:5',4'-e]pyridine (ClBP) with alkyl triflates affords 8-chloro-4-alkyl-4H-bis[1,2,3]dithiazolo[4,5-b:5',4'-e]pyridin-2-ium triflates [ClBPR][OTf] (R = Me, Et, Pr). Reduction of these salts with decamethylferrocene affords the corresponding ClBPR radicals as thermally stable crystalline solids. The radicals have been characterized in solution by cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy. Measured electrochemical cell potentials and computed (B3LYP/6-31G) gas-phase disproportionation enthalpies are consistent with a low on-site Coulombic barrier U to charge transfer in the solid state. The crystal structures of ClBPR (R = Me, Et, Pr) have been determined by X-ray crystallography (at 293 K). All three structures consist of slipped pi-stacks of undimerized radicals, with many close intermolecular S.S contacts. ClBPMe undergoes a phase transition at 93 K to a slightly modified slipped pi-stack arrangement, the structure of which has also been established crystallographically (at 25 K). Variable-temperature magnetic and conductivity measurements have been performed, and the results interpreted in light of extended Hückel band calculations. The room-temperature conductivities of ClBPR systems (sigma(RT) approximately 10(-)(5) to 10(-)(6) S cm(-)(1)), as well as the weak 1D ferromagnetism exhibited by ClBPMe, are interpreted in terms of weak intermolecular overlap along the pi-stacks. The latter is caused by slippage of the molecular plates, a feature necessitated by the steric size of the R and Cl groups on the pyridine ring.
Yeast and Viral RNA 5′ Triphosphatases Comprise a New Nucleoside Triphosphatase Family (1998)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cet1p catalyzes the first step of mRNA capping, the hydrolysis of the gamma phosphate of triphosphate-terminated RNA to form a 5' diphosphate end. The RNA triphosphatase activity of Cet1p is magnesium-dependent and has a turnover number of 1 s-1. Here we show that purified recombinant Cet1p possesses a robust ATPase activity (Km = 2.8 microM; Vmax = 25 s-1) in the presence of manganese. Cobalt is also an effective cofactor, but magnesium, calcium, copper, and zinc are not. Cet1p displays broad specificity in converting ribonucleoside triphosphates and deoxynucleoside triphosphates to their respective diphosphates. The manganese- and cobalt-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase of Cet1p resembles the nucleoside triphosphatase activities of the baculovirus LEF-4 and vaccinia virus D1 capping enzymes. Cet1p, LEF-4, and D1 share three collinear sequence motifs. Mutational analysis establishes that conserved glutamate and arginine side chains within these motifs are essential for the RNA triphosphatase and ATPase activities of Cet1p in vitro and for Cet1p function in vivo. These findings are in accord with the effects of single alanine mutations at analogous positions of vaccinia capping enzyme. We suggest that the metal-dependent RNA triphosphatases encoded by yeast and DNA viruses comprise a novel family of phosphohydrolase enzymes with a common active site.
A linear algebraic approach to queueing theory (2002)

A survey of the basic formulas of queueing theory is presented, indicating their limitations in dealing with non-exponential service time distributions and non-steady-state behavior. The authors then describe a linear algebraic formulation which is a complete procedure for dealing with non-exponential servers. The formulation is invariant to a class of similarity transformations and thus does not depend on the phases used to describe the servers. The authors show how to treat M/G/1, G/M/1 and G/G/1 queues using this formalism. Finally, they show how transient properties of queueing systems can be calculated, using the same mathematical objects which were used for analyzing their steady-state properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection by <i>Neisseria sicca</i> (1994)

Neisseria sicca is considered to be a nonpathogenic oral saprophyte. Presented here is an unusual case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection by N. sicca. Although medical management of the common community-acquired meningitides, including infection by Neisseria meningitidis, is often successful in patients with CSF shunts, removal and replacement of the infected shunt was necessary in this case.
Synthetic Peroxides as Antimalarials (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Technical translation as information transfer across language boundaries (1980)

In this paper technical translation is considered as inform ation transfer across language boundaries. A scheme for mechanical translation from Russian into English and Hindi is discussed. The underlying PCG Theory (or P-Structure C- Structure Grammar theory) is briefly outlined.
UV-LIGA: a promising and low-cost variant for microsystem technology (2002)

A low-cost surface microstructuring technique is described and examples provided of its recent application. The new technology, UV-LIGA combines depth UV lithographic patterning of very thick photoresists and electrodepositing of structural materials into the patterned resist moulds. Both UV lithography and electrodeposition do not need any expensive or special equipment. Movable three dimensional microstructures with a high aspect ratio can be obtained by combining the UV-LIGA process with a sacrificial layer technique. As an example of the advanced application in microsystems, fabrication of 3D accelerometers has been presented, using titanium as a sacrificial layer and nickel as the structural material.
Business Intelligence and Implementation in a Small Enterprise (2013)

Business Intelligence (BI) systems provide users for information and analysis to better support with tactical and strategic business decision processes. This article summarizes the current trends in BI systems, discusses aspects of BI tools and BI solutions in small and medium businesses. Principles of integration of multidimensional views of business data with analytical and visualization tools are studied and described here. An example of a BI solution implementation in a small company shows how the multidimensional analytical data model and related applications can be designed, created and implemented for the small company.
A divided/shared bitline sensing scheme for 64 Mb DRAM core (1990)

New high-density DRAM core designs based on a new divided bitline sensing principle are proposed and their performance is estimated. These designs can achieve a high-density memory cell array and can also overcome problems of the scaled memory array. These designs are promising candidates for 64-Mb DRAM and beyond
Partitioned B-trees - a user's guide. (2003)

A recent article introduced partitioned B-trees, in which partitions are defined not in the catalogs but by distinct values in an artificial leading key column. As there usually is only a single value in this column, there usually is only a single partition, and queries and updates perform just like in traditional B-tree indexes. By temporarily permitting multiple values, at the expense of reduced query performance, interesting database usage scenarios become possible, in particular for bulk insert (database load). The present paper guides database administrators to exploiting partitioned B-trees even if they are not implemented by their DBMS vendor.
Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor demodulation with quadrature sampling of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (2000)

A simple and highly sensitive phase-demodulation technique is proposed, and its use for a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is experimentally demonstrated. Sampling a phase-modulated Mach-Zehnder output with controlled time delay produced two quadrature data streams that have relative quadrature phase difference (90 degrees ). The Bragg wavelength-dependent phase information is extracted by application of digital arctangent function and phase unwrapping to the quadrature signals. By use of this technique with a reference grating, strain sensing at as much as a 30-kHz sampling rate was obtained with strain resolution of 3.5 microstrains and 6 nanostrains/[square root]Hz in quasi-static and dynamic strain measurements, respectively.
Simplified Method for the Estimation of Inorganic Phosphorus in Body Fluids (1966)

Abstract A simplified procedure is described for the determination of inorganic phosphate in body fluids. The method employs two stable reagents and requires a minimum number of steps. Serum is deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid containing ferrous ion and thiourea. The supernatant is decanted and mixed with a small volume of molybdic acid. The phosphomolybdate formed is immediately reduced in situ by the ferrous ion to produce a blue color that is stable for several hours. The intensity of color is insensitive to changes in concentration of acid, molybdate, ferrous ion, and thiourea, and to losses in decanting the serum supernatant. Excellent conformity to Beer's law is demonstrated over a wide range of phosphorus concentrations. Recoveries of phosphorus added to serum and urine are shown to be quantitative. A comparison is presented between this method and that of Fiske and SubbaRow (1).
Isolation in high frequency of rough variants of Mycobacterium intracellulare lacking C-mycoside glycopeptidolipid antigens (1982)

Rough variants of serovars from the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum complex were isolated in high frequency from pellicle growth of the wild-type strains. Rough morphology could be correlated with the lack of an outer cell wall sheath and its constituent C-mycoside glycopeptidolipids of both the serologically active and inactive types.
Selenium and its relationship to cancer: an update (2004)

Selenomethionine (Semet) is the major seleno-compound in cereal grains and enriched yeast whereas Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMCYS) is the major seleno-compound in Se-accumulator plants and some plants of economic importance such as garlic and broccoli exposed to excess Se. Animals can metabolize both Semet and SeMCYS. Epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse relationship between Se intake and the incidence of certain cancers. Blood or plasma levels of Se are usually lower in patients with cancer than those without this disorder, but inconsistent results have been found with toenail-Se values and the incidence of cancer. There have been eight trials with human subjects conducted on the influence of Se on cancer incidence or biomarkers, and except for one, all have shown a positive benefit of Se on cancer reduction or biomarkers of this disorder. This is consistent with about 100 small-animal studies where Se has been shown to reduce the incidence of tumours in most of these trials. Se-enriched yeast is the major form of Se used in trials with human subjects. In the mammary-tumour model, SeMCYS has been shown to be the most effective seleno-compound identified so far in reduction of tumours. Several mechanisms have been proposed on the mechanism whereby Se reduces tumours. Even though SeMCYS was shown to be the most effective seleno-compound in the reduction of mammary tumours, it may not be the most effective seleno-compound for reduction of colon tumours.
Oxidized low density lipoprotein‐induced transdifferentiation of bone marrow‐derived smooth muscle‐like cells into foam‐like cells <i>in vitro</i> (2009)

Oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is believed to contribute to atherogenesis in part by being taken up into smooth muscle cells (SMC) via specific scavenger receptors; however, it is not clear whether ox-LDL receptor(s) are expressed in bone marrow-derived smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs) and whether they play a role in the process of SMLC development. Therefore, we examined the ox-LDL-induced transdifferentiation of SMLCs that is mediated by lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). Smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated using a tissue-specific promoter sorting method with a mouse SM22_ promoter (_480 bp)/green fluorescent protein recombinant plasmid. The SMPCs were myocardin+CD105+KDR+CD45(-)CD34(-), but did not express SMC-specific markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), SM22, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and smoothelin. After long-term culture with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), SMPCs expressed alpha-SMA, SM22 and SM-MHC and differentiated into SMLCs. When SMLCs were incubated with different concentrations of ox-LDL, LOX-1 expression on the surface of SMLCs gradually increased with the increase of the ox-LDL concentration, but myocardin and SMC-specific marker genes decreased, accordingly. Furthermore, receptor-mediated endocytosis was enhanced and lipid droplets accumulated in the cytoplasm of SMLCs. A subpopulation of myocardin+CD105+KDR+CD45(-)CD34(-) SMPCs exist in BMSCs that can differentiate into SMLCs under induction with PDGF-BB. Moreover, LOX-1 contributes to the ox-LDL-induced transdifferentiation of bone marrow-derived SMLCs into foam-like cells.
Topology Discovery at the Router Level: A New Hybrid Tool Targeting ISP Networks (2011)

For a long time, traceroute measurements combined with alias resolution methods have been the sole way to collect Internet router level maps. Recently, a new approach has been introduced with the use of a multicast management tool, mrinfo, and a recursive probing scheme. In this paper, after analyzing advantages and drawbacks of probing approaches based on traceroute and mrinfo, we propose a hybrid discovery tool, Merlin (MEasure the Router Level of the INternet), mixing mrinfo and traceroute probes. Using a central server controlling a set of distributed vantage points in order to increase the exploration coverage while limiting the probing redundancy, the purpose of Merlin is to provide an accurate router level map inside a targeted Autonomous System (AS). Merlin also takes advantage of alias resolution methods to reconnect scattered multicast components. To evaluate the performance of Merlin, we report experimental results describing its efficiency in topology exploration and reconstruction of several ASes.
Analysis of the Electronic Factors Controlling the N<sub>1s</sub> and the First two π (a<sub>2</sub>, b<sub>1</sub>) Photoelectron Ionizations in N-Containing Monosubstituted Benzenes (Ph-NRR′ and Ph-N=X) (1981)

The first two π(a 2 , b 1 ) IE’s, of monosubstituted benzenes containing di- and tri-coordinated nitrogen directly linked to the ring have been measured and analysed together with the N 1s IE. These photoelectron properties are found to respond in the same sense, though to different extents, to inductive and mesomeric interactions that the N-containing substituents sustain with the aromatic ring. The different sensitivities of these properties to substituent changes are discussed in connection with mechanisms of transmission of electronic effects with the aid of the ground state electronic structures determined by means of ab-initio calculations. The relative contribution of the relaxation energy to the considered core and valence IE’s is also examined by referring to the model used by Gelius and Siegbahn. The factors determining the apparently anomalous behaviour of nitrobenzene are discussed
Free-Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene with C60 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene with C60Amanda G. Camp, Alanta Lary, and Warren T. FordCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7959–7961Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views876Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling and motion planning for mechanisms on a non-inertial base (2009)

Robotic manipulators on ships and platforms suffer from large inertial forces due to the non-inertial motion of the ship or platform. When operating in high sea state, operation of such manipulators can be made more efficient and robust if these non-inertial effects are taken into account in the motion planning and control systems. Motivated by this application, we present a rigorous and singularity-free formulation of the dynamics of a robotic manipulator mounted on a non-inertial base. We extend the classical dynamics equations for a serial manipulator to include the 6-DoF motion of the non-inertial base. Then, we show two examples of a 1-DoF and a 4-DoF manipulator to illustrate how these non-inertial effects can be taken into account in the motion planning.
Evaluation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression, Heterogeneity and Clinical Significance in Gastric Cancer (2015)

Intratumoral heterogeneity and discordant FGFR2b expression in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes are common in GC.
A Novel C53/LZAP-interacting Protein Regulates Stability of C53/LZAP and DDRGK Domain-containing Protein 1 (DDRGK1) and Modulates NF-κB Signaling (2010)

C53/LZAP (also named as Cdk5rap3) is a putative tumor suppressor that plays important roles in multiple cell signaling pathways, including DNA damage response and NF-kappaB signaling. Yet how its function is regulated remains largely unclear. Here we report the isolation and characterization of two novel C53/LZAP-interacting proteins, RCAD (Regulator of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1) and DDRGK1 (DDRGK domain-containing protein 1). Our co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed their interactions, while gel filtration assay indicated that C53/LZAP and RCAD may form a large protein complex. Intriguingly, we found that RCAD knockdown led to dramatic reduction of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 proteins. We also found that C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 became more susceptible to the proteasome-mediated degradation in RCAD knockdown cells, whereas their ubiquitination was significantly attenuated by RCAD overexpression. In addition, we found that RCAD, like C53/LZAP, also plays an important role in regulation of NF-kappaB signaling and cell invasion. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that RCAD is a novel regulator of C53/LZAP tumor suppressor and NF-kappaB signaling.
Intelligent network: a distributed system (1988)

The aspects of a distributed system that must be introduced into a telephone system to achieve the objectives of the intelligent network are explored. Several of these distributed constructs are discussed, namely, hierarchically controlled replicated data, precontrolled replicated data, and distributed nonreplicated data. It is shown by examining an actual or a theoretical service why each of these constructs could be advantageous to have in the intelligent network architecture. Various aspects of implementing these constructs in the telephone network are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Local congestion control scheme using priority jumping technique with movable-threshold (1992)

This Letter addresses the need for maintaining a better performance for two types of service class (i.e. delay-sensitive and loss-sensitive) namely voice and data in an integrated services packet network. A proposed scheme called priority jump with a movable threshold (PJ-MT) is used to control this traffic. Results are presented from a computer simulation study of the scheme. Furthermore, a comparative performance study indicates that voice delay can be maintained within a quality-of-service (QOS) limit using the proposed scheme.
Production of quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>) germline chimeras derived from in vitro‐cultured gonadal primordial germ cells (2007)

A previous report from our laboratory documented successful production of quail (Coturnix japonica) germline chimeras by transfer of gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs). Subsequently, this study was designed to evaluate whether gPGCs can be maintained in vitro for extended period, and furthermore, these cultured PGCs can induce germline transmission after transfer into recipient embryos. In experiment 1, gonadal cells from the two strains (wild-type plumage (WP) and black (D) quail) were cultured in vitro for 10 days. Using antibody QCR1, we detected a continuous, significant (P = 0.0002) increase in the number of WP, but not D, PGCs. QCR1-positive WP colonies began to form after 7 days in culture. On Day 10 of culture, 803 WP PGCs were present as a result of a continuous increase, whereas no D PGC colonies could be detected and the D gonadal stroma cells were rolled up. Differences in the PGCs or the gonadal stroma cells of the two different strains might account for these differences. In experiment 2, WP PGC colonies were maintained in vitro up to Day 20 of culture, and 10- or 20-day-cultured PGCs were microinjected into dorsal aortas of 181 recipient D embryos. Thirty-five (19.3%) of the transplanted embryos hatched after incubation, and 25 (71.4%) of the hatchlings reached sexual maturity. Testcrossing of the sexually mature hatchlings resulted in three (10 days, 33.3%) and eight (20 days, 50.0%) germline chimeras respectively. This report is the first to describe successful production of germline chimera by transfer of in vitro-cultured gPGCs in quail.