gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of the morphological aspects of the indium electrorefining process (2001)

The cathodic deposition of In was performed under conditions suitable for electrorefining purposes. The main goal of the study was: i) to determine the possibilities for In ultrapurification through multiple electrorefining with controlled parameters and ii) to study the regularities of the morphology of the In deposit as influenced by the electrodeposition conditions. Without application of special high purity techniques, it was possible to obtain an In purity level of 99.997 %, by repeating the refining procedure in a set of modular electrolysis cells with forced electrolyte circulation and applying modified current regimes. Irregular (non planparallel) migration of indium from the anode to the cathode and vice versa, as well as dendrite formation at the edges of the electrode prevented further repetition necessary for the achievment of higher purification levels. This provoked the need to study the morphology of the In-deposits. The phenomena and some regularities of In nucleation and grain growth, as influenced by the applied overpotential and quantity of current passed through the cell, were studied. Electrodeposition was performed onto a stationary Pt-electrode from amixed sulfate-chloride solution. SEM with magnification up to 1000 x was used to identify the morphology of the deposits. Granular grains were dominant at over potentials of 85 and 110 mV, while at 160 and 185 mV, needle-like and non branched dendrites were visible. The deposit became less compact as its thickness advanced. The apparent thickness of the In layer increased from 20-25 to 320-380 ?m when the amount of charge was increased from 1 to 10 mA h cm-2.
Integrated V2G, G2V, and Renewable Energy Sources Coordination Over a Converged Fiber-Wireless Broadband Access Network (2013)

In this paper, an integrated vehicle-to-grid, grid-to-vehicle, and renewable energy sources (IntVGR) coordination algorithm is proposed. The focus of this work is to provide a multidisciplinary study on implementing the proposed IntVGR scheme over a broadband fiber-wireless communications infrastructure by co-simulating both power and communications perspectives. For the power systems perspective, results show that the scheme is able to achieve a 21% reduction in peak demand compared to uncontrolled charging, and a better performance in flattening the overall demand profile and maintaining network constraints in comparison to a benchmark scenario. The scheme has also been demonstrated to successfully coordinate PEVs to take maximum utilization of local renewable energy. For the communications perspective, the measured upstream traffic for executing the proposed IntVGR scheme on a residential area of 342 households is found to be 1-2 Mbps with an end-to-end latency level of 1 ms. The scheme has also been validated from both perspectives in a sensitivity analysis with a higher PEV adoption rate.
TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Network (2017)

This paper presents an end-to-end trainable fast scene text detector, named TextBoxes, which detects scene text with both high accuracy and efficiency in a single network forward pass, involving no post-process except for a standard non-maximum suppression. TextBoxes outperforms competing methods in terms of text localization accuracy and is much faster, taking only 0.09s per image in a fast implementation. Furthermore, combined with a text recognizer, TextBoxes significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on word spotting and end-to-end text recognition tasks.
Discovery of Highly Potent and Selective Small Molecule ADAMTS-5 Inhibitors That Inhibit Human Cartilage Degradation via Encoded Library Technology (ELT) (2012)

The metalloprotease ADAMTS-5 is considered a potential target for the treatment of osteoarthritis. To identify selective inhibitors of ADAMTS-5, we employed encoded library technology (ELT), which enables affinity selection of small molecule binders from complex mixtures by DNA tagging. Selection of ADAMTS-5 against a four-billion member ELT library led to a novel inhibitor scaffold not containing a classical zinc-binding functionality. One exemplar, (R)-N-((1-(4-(but-3-en-1-ylamino)-6-(((2-(thiophen-2-yl)thiazol-4-yl)methyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)-4-propylbenzenesulfonamide (8), inhibited ADAMTS-5 with IC(50) = 30 nM, showing >50-fold selectivity against ADAMTS-4 and >1000-fold selectivity against ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-13, MMP-13, and TACE. Extensive SAR studies showed that potency and physicochemical properties of the scaffold could be further improved. Furthermore, in a human osteoarthritis cartilage explant study, compounds 8 and 15f inhibited aggrecanase-mediated (374)ARGS neoepitope release from aggrecan and glycosaminoglycan in response to IL-1β/OSM stimulation. This study provides the first small molecule evidence for the critical role of ADAMTS-5 in human cartilage degradation.
Mobile device management system with portable devices (2015)

As the number of smart device users has increased, PC-based smart work environments of businesses and public institutions have opted to adopt mobile offices to support their employees. However, with the trend of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), security problems such as the leaking of confidential information of businesses and important contents have also developed. Thus, the paper proposes utilization of Portable MDM as the solution to such security threats.
Synthesis of 2-fluoropropenoic acid derivatives (1983)

A method is described for the synthesis of 2-fluoropropenoic acid esters, amides, and nitrile from the corresponding derivatives of 2-fluoro-3-(4-toluenesulfonyloxy)propanoic acid by heating with potassium phthalimide in vacuo . The free acid Ia and its chloride have also been synthesized. The reactivity of esters and nitrile of acid Ia has been verified by the Michael addition of diethyl acetamidomalonate to these compounds.
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (2006)

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a recently described adipose-enriched protein with triglyceride-specific lipase activity. ATGL shares the greatest sequence homology with adiponutrin, a nutritionally regulated protein of unclear biological function. Here we present a functional analysis of ATGL and adiponutrin and describe their regulation by insulin. Retroviral-mediated overexpression of ATGL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased basal and isoproterenol-stimulated glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) release, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of ATGL had the opposite effect. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of adiponutrin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes had no effect on glycerol or NEFA release. In mice, both ATGL and adiponutrin are nutritionally regulated in adipose tissue, with ATGL being upregulated and adiponutrin being downregulated by fasting. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin decreased ATGL and increased adiponutrin expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting that insulin directly mediates this nutritional regulation. In addition, adipose expression of ATGL was increased by insulin deficiency and decreased by insulin replacement in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and was increased in fat-specific insulin receptor knockout mice, whereas adiponutrin showed the opposite pattern. These data suggest that murine ATGL but not adiponutrin contributes to net adipocyte lipolysis and that ATGL and adiponutrin are oppositely regulated by insulin both in vitro and in vivo.
Evaluation of Nasal Prongs for Estimating Nasal Flow (1997)

Nasal prongs (NP) connected to a pressure transducer have been suggested as a useful alternative for measuring nasal flow in sleep apnea/hypopnea patients. However, flow measured with NP is expected to be nonlinear. The aim of the present study was to analyze and correct the nonlinearity of nasal flow measurements with NP (VNP). Nasal flow was simultaneously measured with a pneumotachograph (PNT; V) and (NP; VNP) in six healthy subjects during 60 s of breathing at different tidal volumes. Nonlinearity of VNP was assessed by fitting separately, for inspiration and expiration, a Rorher-model equation (VNP x K1 x V + K2 x V2). In addition, we fitted the data to a simpler nonlinear quadratic model (P = K x V2). The main findings were: (1) an excellent fit of the Rorher equation to measured data in all cases; (2) although differences in the Rorher equation coefficients between inspiration and expiration were observed, they were not statistically significant; (3) a substantial intersubject variability was found; and finally, (4) the square root of VNP acceptably fitted the nasal flow data measured by PNT (V) in most cases. We conclude that in order to quantitatively assess nasal flow with NP, data should be corrected for their nonlinear pressure-flow relationships and, that the square root of the flow signal measured with NP is the simplest method of correcting for the observed nonlinearity.
Quadriceps Fatigability after Single Muscle Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2003)

The purpose of this study was to compare quadriceps fatigability in patients with varying severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with age-matched control subjects. Ten healthy control subjects, 8 patients with severe disease (FEV1 less than 35% predicted), and 11 patients with mild to moderate disease were studied. The FEV1 was 1.75 +/- 0.13 L (SE), 50.4 +/- 2.9% of predicted in the mild to moderate group, and 0.87 +/- 0.06 L, 25.9 +/- 1.9% of predicted in the severe group. Quadriceps fatigue was quantified by the reduction in potentiated twitch force after a potentially fatiguing task. All subjects performed three sets of 10 maximum voluntary contractions of the right quadriceps muscle. Quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction force was 58.3 +/- 3.3 kg for the healthy older group, 49.0 +/- 4.2 kg in the mild to moderate group, and 44.3 +/- 4.7 kg in the severe group. The fall in potentiated twitch force after exercise was significantly greater in the patients with severe disease than in the healthy control subjects. In conclusion, the quadriceps in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are more fatigable than those in age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.
Reducing Stray Light Errors in the Hunter Multipurpose Reflectometer (1950)

The use of the Hunter multipurpose reflectometer for color measurement has been limited, particularly at low reflectances, by inaccuracies arising chiefly from stray light in the optical system. A baffle is described whose installation greatly reduces stray light, so that its effect may be ignored above 2 percent reflectance. A method is also described for making corrections for stray light in those cases where its effect cannot be neglected. Application of these two procedures permits the Hunter reflectometer to furnish useful data down to reflectances of 0.1 percent.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazoloquinolinones with Linkers To Enable Targeting of CD38 (2016)

Several monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors targeting CD38, an ectoenzyme overexpressed on malignant plasma cells, have previously been discovered. Herein, we expand structure-activity relationships of reported small-molecule thiazoloquinolinones and show that several 4-cyclohexylamino analogues have potent binding affinity for CD38 using surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, active amine analogues could be acylated and functionalized with alkyne and fluorescein groups. Fluorescein analogue <b>21</b> bound selectively to CD38 overexpressing cells, demonstrating the potential utility of thiazoloquinolinones as small-molecule conjugates for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents.
Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite nanofibers via electrospinning (2012)

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) was well dispersed in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) diluted aqueous solution, and then the mixture was electrospun into GO/PVA composite nanofibers. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy on the as‐prepared and calcined samples confirm the uniform distribution of GO sheets in the nanofibers. The thermal and mechanical properties of the nanofibers vary considerably with different GO filler contents. The decomposition temperatures of the GO/PVA composite nanofiber dropped by 38–50°C compared with pure PVA. A very small loading of 0.02 wt % GO increases the tensile strength of the nanofibers by 42 times. A porous 3D structure was realized by postcalcining nanofibers in H 2 . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Genetically Modified Dendritic Cells for Therapeutic Immunity (2005)

Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells, which show an extraordinary capacity to initiate primary immune responses by stimulating T cells. This established function of dendritic cells has attracted much attention in efforts to develop useful vaccines for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Designing effective strategies to generate clinical dendritic cell-based vaccine protocols remains a challenging field of research. The successful realization of immunotherapy utilizing dendritic cells will depend on modifications of these protocols to optimize the natural stimulatory properties of dendritic cells, such as genetic modification of dendritic cells. This review focuses on dendritic cell gene modifications for enhancing the multiple effector functions of dendritic cells, including viral and non-viral gene transfer into dendritic cells, and a variety of transferred genes, such as those encoding antigens, co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines, and chemokines.
Absolute Energy Measurement of Alpha Particles from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Po</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>210</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1958)

The absolute alpha energy of ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ alpha particles was measured by a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} magnetic spectrometer. The value obtained was 5.3054\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010 Mev (absolute volts). Measurement of the energy (${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$) of the alpha particles from ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{244}$ leading to the ground state of ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{240}$ was made relative to the energy of the ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ alpha particles. A value of 5.8025\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 Mev was obtained for this ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{244}$ ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ energy. The energy difference between the ground state transition ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and the transition ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ to the first excited level of ${\mathrm{Pu}}^{240}$ from ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{244}$ was found to be 43.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 kev.
High incidence of p53 alterations (mutation, deletion, overexpression) in head and neck primary tumors and metastases; absence of correlation with clinical outcome. Frequent protein overexpression in normal epithelium and in early non-invasive lesions. (1995)

We have analysed 78 head and neck carcinomas (50 node metastases and 28 primary tumors including 13 matched specimens) in 65 patients for p53 alterations. Mutations were found in 54 (69%) tumors. Of the 53 mutations within exons, 40 (76%) were missense, five (9%) nonsense and eight (15%) microdeletions or microinsertions. Twenty-five (47%) mutations were transitions mostly G-->A (40%) and 20 (38%) were transversions, mostly G-->T (25%), thus confirming the role of tobacco carcinogens in the induction of these mutations. The incidence of mutations was not different in primary tumors (68%) and node metastases (70%) indicating that this gene alteration was not related to the metastatic dissemination. For eight patients, mutations were observed in matched primary tumors and metastases, indicating clonal dissemination of tumor cells in most of these carcinomas. There was a good correlation between mutations and protein overexpression (Fisher's exact test P < 10(-4). Immunostaining was also observed in basal cells from normal epithelium and in early lesions adjacent to the primary tumor in 11/15 (73%) specimens irrespective of the presence of mutation in the corresponding tumors. These data confirm that p53 overexpression is an early event in the multistep process of epithelial cell carcinogenesis. Loss of heterozygosity for the TP53 locus was detected in 54% of tumors but no association was found with mutation (Fisher's exact test P = 0.14). No mdm-2 amplification was detected in any tumors. No correlation was found between mutation and clinical parameters, the 5-year survival rates were not different (log rank test P = 0.39) in patients with and without mutation. In conclusion, we have shown that p53 gene mutations and deletions and protein overexpression are frequent in the most aggressive head and neck carcinomas but are not associated with disease progression. The presence of protein in normal mucosa and in non-invasive lesions may constitute a biomarker for early stages of carcinogenesis.
Representing spatial knowledge in design (2003)

In interior design, there are some basic guidelines or rules to follow. A program, called 'Interior Design Expert' (IDX), is introduced. It is an intelligent CAD system for interior design. IDX goes beyond typical CAD systems. Using AI techniques, it analyzes a design, extracts relevant spatial relationships, applies high-level design rules to the resulting internal representation, and then generates intelligent design suggestions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimizing Distributed Data Mining Applications Based on Object Clustering Methods (2006)

The exponential computational cost involved in traditional data mining methods enforces search for less complex new algorithms. Especially, data mining on grid is a challenge due to the lack of shared memory in grid computing, which puts special attention to communication optimization. The aim of the DisDaMin project (distributed data mining), described in the paper, is solving data mining problems by using new distributed algorithms intented for execution in grid environments. The DisDaMin implements intelligent fragmentation of data by clustering methods and asynchronous collaborative processing adjusted to grid environments. The DG-ADAJ environment provides adaptive control of distributed applications written in Java for desktop grid. It constitutes a component-based middleware, which allows for optimized distribution of applications on clusters of Java virtual machines, monitoring of application execution and dynamic online balancing of processing and communication. The DG-ADAJ system provides a middleware platform for desktop grid that could be used as a deployment base for DisDaMin algorithms. In this paper, we propose static object placement optimization algorithms for fragmentation of data in the DisDaMin project. The algorithms use DG-ADAJ's object clustering methods to provide optimized local processing on each node with minimized inter-node communication
Apparent Impedance Analysis: A Small-Signal Method for Stability Analysis of Power Electronic-Based Systems (2017)

In this paper, a new method for power system stability analysis is introduced. The method is based on injection of a small voltage or current in an arbitrary point of a power system. The apparent impedance is then defined as the ratio between the voltage and current at the injection point. It is shown that the apparent impedance can be used to estimate the eigenvalues of the system that are observable from the injection point. The eigenvalues are obtained by applying system identification techniques to the measured set of apparent impedances. The method is similar to the well-established impedance-based stability analysis based on source and load impedance models. However, while the source/load impedance ratio is viewed as the minor-loop gain, the apparent impedance can be viewed as a closed-loop transfer function. It can also be expressed as the parallel connection of the source and load impedance. It is shown, in this paper, how the system eigenvalues can be extracted based on a set of apparent impedance values. The apparent impedance holds, therefore, complementary information compared with the existing impedance-based stability analysis. The method can also be used as a tool to validate analytically derived state-space models. In this paper, the method is presented as a simulation tool, while further work will extend it to include experimental setups. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the method: 1) a dc case with a buck converter feeding a constant power load and 2) a three-phase grid-connected voltage source converter with a current controller and a phase lock loop. The estimated (apparent) eigenvalues of the studied systems are equal to those obtained from the analytic state-space model.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of HLA B*5701 genotyping in preventing abacavir hypersensitivity (2004)

Abacavir hypersensitivity is associated with HLA B*5701, and pre-prescription pharmacogenetic testing for this appears to be a cost-effective use of healthcare resources.
Requirement for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) expression in metastasis by murine prostate carcinoma. (1998)

Although a number of effective therapies are available for localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer is difficult to treat and impossible to cure. Identification of the gene products that enable a prostatic carcinoma cell to metastasize should facilitate an understanding of the processes leading to metastasis. To characterize the contribution of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B or the 92-kd type IV gelatinase/collagenase) to the development of metastasis in prostate cancer, we reduced MMP-9 expression in metastatic murine prostatic carcinoma cells using a ribozyme. The ribozyme transfected cells had lower basal levels of MMP-9 as well as decreased levels after stimulation by transforming growth factor-beta or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when compared with the parental cells or with control transfectants. The cells with down-regulated MMP-9 were unable to form lung colonies in the experimental metastasis assay, whereas the controls and parental cells readily formed metastases. All cell types readily formed tumors after injection and down-regulation of MMP-9 did not adversely affect the rate of tumor growth. Thus, MMP-9 expression is required for hematogenous metastasis in a murine prostate model system raising the possibility that it may play an equivalent role in human prostate cancer.