gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Organization of Transposase Regions Surrounding <i>bla</i> <sub>KPC</sub> Carbapenemase Genes on Plasmids from <i>Klebsiella</i> Strains Isolated in a New York City Hospital (2009)

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella strains carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) are endemic to New York City and are spreading across the United States and internationally. Recent studies have indicated that the KPC structural gene is located on a 10-kb plasmid-borne element designated Tn4401. Fourteen Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and one Klebsiella oxytoca strain isolated at a New York City hospital in 2005 carrying either bla(KPC-2) or bla(KPC-3) were examined for isoforms of Tn4401. Ten of the Klebsiella strains contained a 100-bp deletion in Tn4401, corresponding to the Tn4401a isoform. The presence of this deletion adjacent to the upstream promoter region of bla(KPC) in Tn4401a resulted in a different -35 promoter sequence of TGGAGA than that of CTGATT present in isoform Tn4401b. Complete sequencing of one plasmid carrying bla(KPC) from each of three nonclonal isolates indicated the presence of genes encoding other types of antibiotic resistance determinants. The 70.6-kb plasmid from K. pneumoniae strain S9 carrying bla(KPC-2) revealed two identical copies of Tn4401b inserted in an inverse fashion, but in this case, one of the elements disrupted a group II self-splicing intron. In K. pneumoniae strain S15, the Tn4401a element carrying bla(KPC-2) was found on both a large 120-kb plasmid and a smaller 24-kb plasmid. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results indicate that the isolates studied represent a heterogeneous group composed of unrelated as well as closely related Klebsiella strains. Our results suggest that endemic KPC-positive Klebsiella strains constitute a generally nonclonal population comprised of various alleles of bla(KPC) on several distinct plasmid genetic backgrounds. This study increases our understanding of the genetic composition of the evolving and expanding role of KPC-producing, healthcare-associated, gram-negative pathogens.
<i>δ</i> <sup>13</sup> C analyses of calcium carbonate: comparison between the GasBench and elemental analyzer techniques (2006)

Measurements of stable carbon isotopic composition (delta13C) of carbonates or carbonate-rich soils are seldom performed in a continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) using an elemental analyzer (EA) as an online sample preparation device. Such analyses are routinely carried out with an external precision better than 0.1 per thousand using a GasBench II (GB) sample preparation device coupled online with a continuous-flow IRMS. In this paper, we report and compare delta13C analyses (86 total analyses) of calcium carbonates obtained by using both the GB and the EA. Using both techniques, the delta13C compositions of two in-house carbonate standards (MERCK carbonate and NR calcite) and ten selected carbonate-rich paleosol samples (of variable CaCO3 content) were analyzed, and data are reported in the VPDB scale calibrated against international standards, NBS 18 and 19. For the in-house standards analyzed by both techniques, a precision better than 0.08 per thousand is achieved. The analytical errors (1sigma) computed from multiple analyses of the delta13C of both the MERCK and NR obtained by the above two techniques are nearly identical. In general, the 1sigma (internal error) of paleosol analyses obtained in the GB is better than 0.06 per thousand, whereas that for the analyses in the EA (three repetitive analyses of the same sample) varies in the range 0.05-0.21 per thousand. However, for paleosols having more than 85% CaCO3, 1sigma is better than 0.15 per thousand (similar to the instrument precision), and in this case the delta13C(VPDB) of samples obtained by the GB is similar to that obtained by the EA. Our results suggest that the delta13C of pure calcium carbonate samples can also be analyzed using the EA technique.
ImmunoPET with Anti-Mesothelin Antibody in Patients with Pancreatic and Ovarian Cancer before Anti-Mesothelin Antibody–Drug Conjugate Treatment (2015)

With (89)Zr-MMOT0530A-PET, pancreatic and ovarian cancer lesions as well as antibody biodistribution could be visualized. This technique can potentially guide individualized antibody-based treatment.
Photocatalytic Lithography (2019)

Patterning, the controlled formation of ordered surface features with different physico-chemical properties, is a cornerstone of contemporary micro- and nanofabrication. In this context, lithographic approaches owe their wide success to their versatility and their relative ease of implementation and scalability. Conventional photolithographic methods require several steps and the use of polymeric photoresists for the development of the desired pattern, all factors which can be deleterious, especially for sensitive substrates. Efficient patterning of surfaces, with resolution down to the nanometer scale, can be achieved by means of photocatalytic lithography. This approach is based on the use of photocatalysts to achieve the selective chemical modification or degradation of self-assembled monolayers, polymers, and metals. A wide range of photoactive compounds, from semiconducting oxides to porphyrins, have been demonstrated to be suitable photocatalysts. The goal of the present review is to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art photocatalytic lithography, ranging from approaches based on semiconducting oxides to singlet oxygen-based lithography. Special attention will be dedicated to the results obtained for the patterning of polymer brushes, the sculpturing of metal nanoparticle arrays, and the patterning of graphene-based structures.
Mechanical and biochemical changes in the superficial zone of articular cartilage in canine experimental osteoarthritis (1994)

The changes in the tensile mechanical properties and biochemical composition of the superficial zone of articular cartilage were examined in a canine model of early osteoarthritis generated by transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Sixteen weeks following ligament transection, the tensile stiffness of the articular cartilage was decreased by 44% and the ion-induced stress relaxation of the tissue was increased by 57% compared with the contralateral control. Biochemical analyses indicated that the water content of the experimental tissue was increased by 13%, which was reflected as an apparent 37% decrease in the proteoglycan content and a 36% decrease in the collagen content (expressed per wet weight). The hydroxypyridinium crosslink density was decreased in the experimental tissue by 11%. A significant negative correlation was found between the ion-induced stress relaxation and the hydroxypyridinium crosslink density in both control tissue (R = -0.56) and experimental tissue (R = -0.70). No correlation was noted between the tensile stiffness and the biochemical composition of the tissue. These results suggest that, in the superficial zone of articular cartilage, the structure of the tissue may play a more important role than the composition in the determination of its mechanical properties. A major event observed in the model of early osteoarthritis appears to be the disruption and remodeling of the collagen network in the superficial zone of the articular cartilage.
Thy-1 Signals through PPARγ to Promote Lipofibroblast Differentiation in the Developing Lung (2012)

Thy-1 is a glycosylphosphytidylinositol-linked cell-surface glycoprotein present on a subset of lung fibroblasts, which plays an important role in postnatal alveolarization. In the present study, we define the role of Thy-1 in pulmonary lipofibroblast differentiation and in the regulation of lipid homeostasis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Thy-1 was associated with interstitial cells containing lipid droplets in vivo. The transfection of Thy-1 into Thy-1 (-) fibroblasts increased triglyceride content, fatty-acid uptake, and the expression of the lipofibroblast marker adipocyte differentiation-related protein. Thy-1 (+) fibroblasts exhibited 2.4-fold higher PPARγ activity, and the inhibition or activation of PPARγ reduced and increased triglyceride content, respectively. Thy-1 (-) fibroblasts were not responsive to either of the PPARγ agonists ciglitazone or prostaglandin J(2), supporting the importance of Thy-1 in signaling via PPARγ. Thy-1 (+) fibroblasts expressed significantly higher concentrations of fatty-acid transporter protein-3 mRNA, and demonstrated higher rates of fatty-acid uptake and increased triglyceride content. The inhibition of fatty-acid transporter protein function reduced Thy-1 (+) fibroblast lipid content. The expression of Thy-1 in C57BL/6 lung fibroblasts increased during the neonatal period, coinciding with the onset of alveolarization. Thy-1 promoted lipofibroblast differentiation via the expression of PPARγ, stimulated lipid accumulation via fatty-acid esterification, and enhanced the fatty-acid uptake mediated by fatty-acid transporter proteins. Thy-1 is important in the regulation of lipofibroblast differentiation in the developing lung.
Design and implementation of object detection and classification system based on deformable template algorithm (2002)

This paper proposes a real time system for deformable template based object detection and classification, to segment an object of interest from the stationary complex background. Polygonal templates were defined to characterize basic geometrical shapes, such as square and hexagon. The templates have the capability to deform its shape to fit the real object, The model is being fitted to the object using its edge information, which was extracted using Canny edge detection algorithm. The deformation of the model matched the object by maximizing likelihood probability density function. Likelihood energy is computed in each model position, dimension, and orientation. To limit the computation, detection of the object is performed by calculating its moment energy and defining searching areas. This will result in a faster processing time. The system's result is a description of the shape, size, and orientation of the objects.
Microwave scattering from saline ice using plane wave illumination (2002)

Radar systems used to generate ground truth data, for the scattering properties of distributed targets are generally operated in the near zone region of the antenna. These systems usually use antennas whose illumination of the distributed target contains a wide range of incidence angles. It is desired to measure the scattering properties of targets as a function of incidence angle which requires some type of inversion of the measured results. This problem can be overcome by applying the compact range antenna concept. A parabolic reflector with an offset feed effectively propagates a plane wave of uniform phase over an area approximately equal to the diameter of the reflector and at ranges up to about .5 * D/sup 2///spl lambda/, where D is the reflector diameter and /spl lambda/ is the wavelength. For the first time, this antenna concept has been used to study the scattering response of smooth, snow covered and rough saline ice grown under laboratory conditions. By coupling the compact range antenna with a wide-band (2 to 18 GHz) network analyzer based radar, the authors have achieved exceptional definition of the near normal scattering response of the ice surface and subsurface. This approach is likely to have broad utility in a variety of other geophysical applications including studying the scattering response of the ocean, soils and vegetation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screen content coding for HEVC by improved line-based intra block copy (2014)

The line-based intra block copy (IntraBC) technique is newly proposed in the High Efficient Video Coding (HEVC) Range Extensions to deal with repeated patterns within a picture for screen content coding. One challenge for line-based IntraBC is the large overhead by transmitting displacement vectors (DV) for each line. In this paper, a DV prediction is proposed to reduce such an overhead. Moreover, a flipping copy based prediction is proposed to better exploit the correlations within screen content. Experimental results show that our scheme can provide a BD-rate reduction of 11.0% compare with the HEVC Range Extension anchor with the encoding time increased by 23% and no decoding time increase.
Multilayer system for a high-precision surface plasmon resonance sensor (1990)

A multilayer surface plasmon resonance system was designed for high-precision chemical sensor applications. In this sensor, the angular distribution of reflectance from a thin metal film-which is in contact with a sample-is measured. An absorption peak is observed whose angular distribution of reflectance, owing to the excitation of surface plasmon resonance, is measured. The refractive index of the sample is determined from this peak angle. The resolution limit for refractive-index measurements is determined by the absorption peak width. We describe a multilayer system in which an additional layer is added to the conventional Kretschmann geometry; as a result, peak widths are significantly reduced. The angular distribution of reflectance is calculated using Fresnel's formulas and multiple-reflectance theory in order to understand the effect of thickness and refractive index of the additional layer. By optimizing the thickness of the layer, peak widths are reduced to approximately one third of that obtained using the Kretschmann geometry. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Improving odometry accuracy for car-like vehicles by using tire radii measurements (2005)

Odometry is the most widely used method for determining the momentary position of a mobile robot. In most practical applications, odometry provides easily accessible real time positioning information in-between periodic absolute position measurements. Odometry errors are caused by two dominant error sources in vehicles: systematic errors and nonsystematic errors. Systematic errors stay almost constant over prolonged periods of time and can be calibrated. In most case of mobile robot, unequal wheel diameters are systematic errors. But, they are not systematic errors in case of flexible tires like passenger car case. Radii of flexible tires are always varied by road conditions, rolling of vehicle and etc. So, it is important to measure the variations of tire radii for accurate positioning in odometry navigation of car-like vehicles. The method for measurement of tire radii is described and experimental results are presented in this paper.
One- and two-photon fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy to establish a clustered distribution of receptor-ligand complexes in endocytic membranes (2003)

One- and two-photon fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy, using different bandwidth emission filters and a novel spectral spillover correction algorithm (PFRET algorithm), provides the basis for a quantitative approach to measure receptor clustering in endocytic membranes. Emission filters with wider bandwidth allow for an increased FRET signal and corresponding spillover. Treatment with the PFRET correction algorithm results in increasing correction levels and comparable energy transfer efficiency (E%) values, thus validating our algorithm-based approach. The relationship between E% and acceptor and donor levels and donor:acceptor (D:A) ratio is used to characterize the distribution of receptor-ligand complexes in endocytic membranes. In addition to the standard test for clustering (E%'s independence from acceptor levels), we describe a second parameter: the negative dependence of E% on increasing donor levels and D:A ratio. A donor geometric exclusion hypothesis is proposed to explain this phenomenon. One- and two-photon FRET microscopy assays show that polymeric IgA-receptor-ligand complexes are organized in clusters within apical endocytic membranes of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
Methylene blue inhibits the arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. (1988)

When human blood platelets are incubated with methylene blue (MB) that oxidizes cellular NADPH, a marked inhibition of platelet aggregation and of the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway is found. The inhibition of aggregation and AA metabolism is prevented, at least partially, by the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide. The results indicate an involvement of the reduced coenzymes NADPH and glutathione (GSH) in the regulation of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activity in platelets.
Comparative Study on Overexpression of HER2/neu and HER3 in Gastric Cancer (2009)

The selective overexpression of HER2 and HER3 in the two histologic types of gastric cancer is strongly associated with a poor prognosis. Being an important member of the HER family, HER3 may become another candidate for molecular-targeted therapy in gastric cancer, especially for the diffuse histologic type.
Octreotide enhances the accelerating effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying in healthy subjects (2002)

Serotonin receptors are involved in the accelerating effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying. This effect seems to be enhanced by pre-treatment with octreotide, possibly as a result of the modification of the gastrointestinal hormonal environment.
Demonstration of the Tele-Triage System: A Microcomputer-Based Telephone Triage Program for Use by R.N.'s in Ambulatory Care Settings or Physicians' Offices (1982)

The Tele-Triage System (C) is a tool designed to provide standardized telephone triage to people who call a health care facility for assistance or information. Tele-Triage is designed to systematize symptomatologic interviewing, data collection, and patient care management. It is used interactively by a Triage R.N. during telephone interviews to structure and record the interview. A summary of each interview is immediately printed and a record is stored on disk for archival and research purposes. The Tele-Triage System is in its first year of development and currently runs on an Apple II microcomputer. Future plans for the system include research to validate its effectiveness, commercial distribution, and conversion to other computer systems.
In Situ X-ray Study of the Structural Evolution of Gold Nano-Domains by Spray Deposition on Thin Conductive P3HT Films (2013)

Gold (Au) nanoparticles are deposited from aqueous solution onto one of the most used conductive polymers, namely poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), using airbrush deposition. We report on the structure formation and packing of the Au nanoparticles after a 5 s spray cycle. In situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements with 20 ms time resolution allow a real-time observation of the emergence and evolution of the microstructure during a spray cycle and subsequent solvent evaporation. The results reveal multistage nanoscale ordering of the Au nanoparticles during the spray cycle. Further ex situ atomic force microscopy measurements of the sprayed films showed the formation of Au monolayer islands on top of the polymer film. Our study suggests that the solvent-substrate interaction as well as solvent evaporation kinetics are important factors that need to be taken into consideration in order to grow a compact uniform monolayer film for the fabrication of ultrathin films using airbrush deposition.
Scratch-pad memory allocation without compiler support for java applications (2007)

This paper presents the first scratch-pad memory allocation scheme that requires no compiler support for interpreted-language based applications. A scratch-pad memory(SPM) is a fast compiler-managed SRAM that replaces the hardware-managed cache. Its uses are motivated by its better realtime guarantees as compared to cache and by its significantly lower overheads in energy consumption, area and access time. Interpreted languages are languages such as Java that are interpreted by a runtime environment instead of being executed directly on hardware.
<title>Frequency doubling to 659 nm in KTP</title> (1992)

Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) has been used to frequency double the 1.32 micrometers output of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Up to 40 mW of average power at 659 nm was obtained using a conventional intracavity doubling approach. A second intracavity doubling scheme was also demonstrated in which KTP served simultaneously as the frequency doubling crystal and as the substrate for one of the resonator mirrors. Although the second harmonic power using this technique was limited by heating in the crystal, the approach shows promise.
There Are Two Word-Length Effects in Verbal Short-Term Memory: Opposed Effects of Duration and Complexity (1997)

In the word-length effect (WLE), lists of shorter words are better recalled than lists of longer words This effect is fundamental to decay-based theories of verbal short-term memory, such as the phonological loop theory (Baddeley, 1986) The WLE has been attributed to the time taken to articulate words, not their structure, a critical point in the debate between decay and interference theories However, word duration and complexity have previously been confounded In this article, we show that the traditional WLE comprises two opposed effects an advantage for words spoken more quickly (short words in terms of duration) and an advantage for words with more elements (long words in terms of complexity) We also report two interactions a disadvantage for a midlist change in duration and an advantage for a midlist change in complexity These results contradict simple decay-based theories and establish the importance of interference in short-term memory We discuss whether decay is also required
Q&A: Suzanne Topalian on Immune Therapies (2013)

Suzanne Topalian, MD, professor of surgery and oncology and director of the melanoma program at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, MD, discusses progress with drugs that inhibit immune-checkpoint receptors and ligands, including PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.
Surface etching and subsurface demineralization of dental enamel induced by a strong acid (1977)

Intact enamel surfaces were exposed to 20 ml of 0.1% HCl for various periods. When the acid was unsaturated with respect to both hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite the surface enamel was etched away. With time the liquid close to the enamel became supersaturated with respect to fluorapatite but remained unsaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite. Under this condition subsurface lesions developed. These observations are discussed with reference to the use of diffusion-restricting agents in laboratory caries experiments.
Glycosulphatase: observations on the activity of partially purified preparations towards the sulphate esters of certain monosaccharides and steroids (1961)

1. Solutions of hydrazine catalyse the partial desulphation of the disulphate esters of glucose and galactose. Quantitative results show that, under standard conditions (pH 5-3 in 0 5m-sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer at 38), galactose disul- phate is desulphated more rapidly than the corre- sponding glucose derivative and suggest that in each case one ester sulphate group only is readily removed.
Moment analysis for kinetics of gene silencing by RNA interference (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) was quantitatively evaluated from a kinetic viewpoint. A simple kinetic evaluation based on moment analysis was proposed, assuming suppression and recovery phases of gene expression. We defined the area under the curve of the inhibitory effect (AUC(IE)) as an index of the total intensity of RNAi and the mean response time of the inhibitory effect (MRT(IE)) as an index of its duration. The proposed kinetic analysis helps to understand the RNAi effect in a quantitative and time-dependent manner, which will be beneficial for designing RNAi-based gene silencing for both experimental and therapeutic purposes.
Parameter inference of queueing models for IT systems using end-to-end measurements (2004)

No abstract available.