gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in the Evolution of Systemic Sclerosis Classification Criteria and Recommendation for Additional Comparative Specificity Studies (2015)

Sensitivity and specificity performance of the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc)1,2 were assessed by Hoffmann-Vold, et al in this issue of The Journal 3. Sensitivity was tested in 425 consecutive, representative patients with SSc seen at the Oslo University Hospital and compared to the original 1980 American Rheumatism Association (now ACR) preliminary criteria for definite SSc4 and the subsequent 2001 criteria for early SSc proposed by LeRoy and Medsger5. Sensitivity (also called the true positive percent) is a binary classification measure of performance function, which indicates the proportion of all true cases in the study cohort who satisfy criteria. The 425 SSc cases analyzed in the Norwegian study satisfied either the 1980 ACR criteria for certain diagnosis or the 2001 LeRoy and Medsger criteria for early disease3. Specificity of the 2013 criteria was tested in a Norwegian nationwide cohort of 178 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Specificity (also called the true negative percent) indicates the proportion of the comparative or control subjects, like those having MCTD, who do not satisfy a criteria set. SSc is a heterogeneous, multisystem, and multistage disorder marked by variable expression in its patterns of presentation and course of disease. Its pathogenesis is believed to differ from Raynaud disease and several of the other systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD), as do systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). However, MCTD has frequent overlapping clinical features with SSc6,7. A vexing classification issue for SSc criteria development is how to deal with MCTD patients whose diagnosis depends heavily upon the presence of high titer antibody to U1RNP rather than a typical clinical profile7. Analytical complexity can arise in comparing … Address correspondence to Dr. Masi; E-mail: amasi{at}uic.edu
Multivehicle path planning for nonline‐of‐sight communication (2006)

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical programming approach to online connectivity‐constrained trajectory planning for autonomous helicopters through cluttered environments. A lead vehicle must execute a certain mission whereby wireless line‐of‐sight communication to its ground station is lost. Relay helicopters are therefore introduced that must position themselves in such a way that indirect line‐of‐sight connectivity between the leader and the ground station is always maintained. This requires coordinated multivehicle trajectory optimization which is tackled online using centralized and distributed receding horizon planning strategies. The problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear program that accounts for the vehicle dynamics, obstacle and collision avoidance, and connectivity constraints. A centralized two‐helicopter mission is described for which simulation, hardware in the loop, and real‐time flight‐test results that show the online adaptability of the approach are presented. Simulations of distributed scenarios are given as well. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The acceptor substrate specificity of human β4‐galactosyltransferase V indicates its potential function in <i>O</i>‐glycosylation (1999)

In order to assess the function of the different human UDP-Gal:GlcNAc beta4-galactosyltransferases, the cDNAs of two of them, beta4-GalT I and beta4-GalT V, were expressed in the baculovirus/insect cell expression system. The soluble recombinant enzymes produced were purified from the medium and used to determine their in vitro substrate specificities. The specific activity of the recombinant beta4-GalT V was more than 15 times lower than that of beta4-GalT I, using GlcNAc beta-S-pNP as an acceptor. Whereas beta4-GalT I efficiently acts on all substrates having a terminal beta-linked GlcNAc, beta4-GalT V appeared to be far more restricted in acceptor usage. Beta4-GalT V acts with high preference on acceptors that contain the GlcNAc beta1-->6GalNAc structural element, as found in O-linked core 2-, 4- and 6-based glycans, but not on substrates related to V-linked or blood group I-active oligosaccharides. These results suggest that beta4-GalT V may function in the synthesis of lacNAc units on O-linked chains, particularly in tissues which do not express beta4-GalT I, such as brain.
Increased B7-H1 Expression on Dendritic Cells Correlates with Programmed Death 1 Expression on T Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques and May Contribute to T Cell Dysfunction and Disease Progression (2010)

Suppression of dendritic cell (DC) function in HIV-1 infection is thought to contribute to inhibition of immune responses and disease progression, but the mechanism of this suppression remains undetermined. Using the rhesus macaque model, we show B7-H1 (programmed death [PD]-L1) is expressed on lymphoid and mucosal DCs (both myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs), and its expression significantly increases after SIV infection. Meanwhile, its receptor, PD-1, is upregulated on T cells in both peripheral and mucosal tissues and maintained at high levels on SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell clones in chronic infection. However, both B7-H1 and PD-1 expression in SIV controllers was similar to that of controls. Expression of B7-H1 on both peripheral myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs positively correlated with levels of PD-1 on circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, viremia, and declining peripheral CD4(+) T cell levels in SIV-infected macaques. Importantly, blocking DC B7-H1 interaction with PD-1(+) T cells could restore SIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell function as evidenced by increased cytokine secretion and proliferative capacity. Combined, the results indicate that interaction of B7-H1-PD-1 between APCs and T cells correlates with impairment of CD4(+) Th cells and CTL responses in vivo, and all are associated with disease progression in SIV infection. Blockade of this pathway may have therapeutic implications for HIV-infected patients.
Radiation resistance in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (1991)

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe serves as an excellent alternative and complementary model system for the analysis of genes and gene products involved in DNA repair. This brief review outlines the advantages of S. pombe and describes the radiation-sensitive mutants available for the analysis of DNA repair and recombination mechanisms in this organism. The progress in the cloning and characterization of representative genes is also described.
Immunotherapy with <i>β</i> -Amyloid for Alzheimer's Disease: A New Frontier (2001)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S. and the leading cause of dementia in the elderly population. Until recently, there was little hope of finding a way to prevent the underlying brain pathology from progressing toward the inevitable conclusion of the disease. However, new immunotherapeutic approaches have been described that are based on vaccination with the beta-amyloid 1-42 peptide (Abeta). The encouraging efficacy and safety of Abeta immunization in reducing neuropathology in animal models of AD has opened up new therapeutic possibilities for patients. Immunization with Abeta is aimed at reducing the Abeta-associated pathology of AD. It is hypothesized that this approach will also reduce the cascade of downstream events leading to neuronal cell loss and, ultimately, dementia. The ensuing articles in this issue describe various aspects of the Abeta immunization strategy and their potential relevance to AD treatment.
Syntheses of Some Medium Sized Cyclic Triamines and Their Cobalt(III) Complexes (1972)

Abstract Four cyclic triamines of a medium ring size (9–12-membered ring) which form three mutually-adjacent five- and/or six-membered chelate rings on complexation, such as 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (abbreviated TACN), 1,4,7-triazacyclodecane (TACD), 1,4,8-triazacycloundecane (TACUD), and 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (TACDD) were synthesized and isolated as their trihydrobromides. The complexation of TACN and TACD with a cobalt-(III) salt yielded metal complexes of a sandwich-type structure, such as [Co(TACN)2]Br3 and [Co(TACD)2]Br3·H2O, which were then isolated. In the case of TACUD, a complex [Co(TACUD)BrCl2] containing only one molecule of the triamine was isolated. However, although the formation of a cobalt (III) complex with TACDD in solution was inferred spectroscopically, no expected complex was isolable. On the basis of the spectrophotometric data, the ligand-field strength was found to increase in the following order: [Co(NH3)6]3+&lt;[Co(TACD)2]3+&lt;[Co en3]3+&lt;[Co(TACN)2]3+.
Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy in Heterostructures with Atomically Thin Heavy Metals (2019)

Efficient, fast, high-density magnetoelectric random-access memory (MeRAM) requires both large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high-efficiency voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy. Thus the authors propose a double-barrier ferromagnetic heterostructure with an atomically thin layer of a late transition metal $X$ (Rh, Ir, or Pt). First-principles calculations reveal its anticipated performance to be due to the synergy effects of the large strain-induced magnetism in $X$, the large spin-orbit coupling of $X$, and the giant modulation of magnetocrystalline anisotropy at the $X$/MgO interface. This work provides rules for designing the next generation of spintronic memory devices.
PILOT PLANTS. Fluorine Chemicals (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPILOT PLANTS. Fluorine ChemicalsLoren C. Mosier and Wayne E. WhiteCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 1, 246–248Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50493a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50493a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy with genetic anticipation associated to a gly47glu transthyretin variant in an Italian kindred (2002)

The most frequent localization of amyloid in transthyretin (TTR) mutations is in the peripheral nerve, causing familial amyloidpolyneuropathy (FAP). It is generally accompanied by involvement of other organs such as the myocardium and kidney. To date, over 70 TTR point mutations have been reported in literature, with different phenotypes depending on the location of the mutation in the TTR gene. This paper deals with a point mutation in exon 2 position 47 of the TTR gene, encoding the substitution of glycine with glutamate. The mutation was found in an Italian family with 5 patients over 3 generations. The phenotype was characterised by peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction, associated in some patients with cardiomyopathy and renal involvement. The symptoms were very severe and the patients did not survive long, thus suggesting the aggressive nature of the pathological process. Moreover, in the succeeding generations of this family, there was genetic anticipation in the age of onset of the disease.
Kernel regression and backpropagation training with noise (1991)

One method proposed for improving the generalization capability of a feedforward network trained with the backpropagation algorithm is to use artificial training vectors which are obtained by adding noise to the original training vectors. The authors discuss the connection of such backpropagation training with noise to kernel density and kernel regression estimation. They compare by simulated examples backpropagation, backpropagation with noise, and kernel regression in mapping estimation and pattern classification contexts. It is concluded that additive noise can improve the generalization capability of a feedforward network trained with the backpropagation approach. The magnitude of the noise cannot be selected blindly, though. Cross-validation-type procedures seem to be well suited for the selection of noise magnitude. Kernel regression, however, seems to perform well whenever backpropagation with noise performs well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Joint static and dynamic traffic scheduling in data center networks (2014)

The advent and continued growth of large data centers has led to much interest in switch architectures that can economically meet the high capacities needed for interconnecting the thousands of servers in these data centers. Various multilayer architectures employing thousands of switches have been proposed in the literature. We make use of the observation that the traffic in a data center is a mixture of relatively static and rapidly fluctuating components, and develop a combined scheduler for both these components using a generalization of the load-balanced scheduler. The presence of the known static component introduces asymmetries in the ingress-egress capacities, which preclude the use of a load-balanced scheduler as is. We generalize the load-balanced scheduler and also incorporate an opportunistic scheduler which sends traffic on a direct path when feasible to enhance the overall switch throughput. Our evaluations show that this scheduler works very well despite avoiding the use of a central scheduler for making packet-by-packet scheduling decisions.
A model for the width dependence of electromigration lifetimes in aluminum thin-film stripes (1980)

Aluminum thin-film conductors with a variety of linewidths (1–8 μ) were stressed at high temperature (200 °C) and high current density (2×106 A cm−2) to determine the dependence on the linewidth of the time to failure due to electromigration. A new model is based on consideration of the film microstructure and the presence of a stress-induced countercurrent flow of matter in short thin films during passage of electrical current. The model can explain the increase in lifetime observed in stripes with linewidths below 2 μm.
Strategies for Post‐Synthesis Alignment and Immobilization of Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have developed into a standard material used as a building block for nanotechnological developments. Based on the unique properties that make CNTs useful for many different applications in nanotechnology, optics, electronics, and material science, there has been a rapid development of this research area and many different applications have emerged in the past few years. Frequently, the alignment and immobilization of CNTs play an important role for many applications and different strategies, in particular post-synthesis approaches, can be applied. Recent developments of different techniques to immobilize and align carbon nanotubes are discussed and classified into three main categories: chemical immobilization and alignment, physical immobilization and alignment, and the use of external fields for these purposes. Many of the techniques involve multiple steps and may also cross these rather crudely defined boundaries. As such, the techniques are classified according to their most important or unique step.
Toxoplasmosis Acquired during Pregnancy: Improved Serodiagnosis Based on Avidity of IgG (1993)

Serodiagnostic methods were evaluated in prenatal screening for primary Toxoplasma infections acquired during pregnancy in the Helsinki area. Altogether 44,181 sera were obtained consecutively during each trimester from 16,733 mothers. All IgG-containing samples were first examined by a sensitive mu-capture (IgM) ELISA, and positive results were reassessed by IgM immunoblotting and indirect IgM ELISA. An assay measuring the avidity of toxoplasma IgG was used for the first time under screening conditions. Patients suspected to have recent toxoplasmosis were reexamined by IgA ELISA and selectively by the differential agglutination assay (HS/AC test) and IgE ELISA; 16 women with diagnostic increases in IgG titer, 36 with IgM fulfilling strict specificity criteria, and 25 with IgG of low avidity were identified. The measurement of IgG avidity was a highly specific and sensitive method suitable for verification of acute primary Toxoplasma infections during pregnancy.
Time Skew Mitigation in Smart Meters for Tampering Detection and Correction (2021)

Accurate estimation of non-technical losses (NTL) requires the real-time data acquisition of different smart meters to be accurately synchronized at a common time reference. However, real time data reported by smart meters are usually not accurately synchronized. This paper proposes a new quantity, to be measured by the smart meters, that will address the problem of time synchronization. The proposed measurement quantity is also utilized to propose a modified coding-based algorithm to detect and correct non-technical losses in distribution systems. It is worth mentioning that the measurement of the proposed quantity does not require any additional hardware, and commercially available smart meters can be reprogrammed to perform the new functionality. The proposed algorithm along with the proposed measurement quantity are tested and compared to a benchmark coding-based algorithm. The proposed algorithm is shown to outperform the benchmark algorithm in practical scenarios.
Universal line input power factor preregulator using VFX technique (2017)

This paper demonstrates a two-stage implementation of a power factor preregulator design in which the energy buffer capacitor is placed at the output of the converter. In this implementation, a resonant LLC converter supplies power to a boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode. Here, a variable frequency (VFX) technique is used in the resonant LLC converter stage to achieve a lower variation in the overall efficiency across the universal input voltage range (85 - 265V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> ). The efficiency performance achieved is flatter than other single-stage boost-based power factor correction circuits, whose efficiency tends to drop significantly at low input voltages. The VFX technique not only compresses the effective operating range required of the resonant converter stage, but also allows MOSFETs with lower voltage ratings and better conduction/switching characteristics to be used in both converter stages.
Surface Morphology Dependent Photoluminescence from Colloidal Silicon Nanocrystals (2005)

Monodisperse 1-2 nm silicon nanocrystals are synthesized in reverse micelles and have their surfaces capped with either allylamine or 1-heptene to produce either hydrophilic or hydrophobic silicon nanocrystals. Optical characterization (absorption, PL, and time-resolved PL) is performed on colloidal solutions with the two types of surface-capped silicon nanocrystals with identical size distributions. Direct evidence is obtained for the modification of the optical properties of silicon nanocrystals by the surface-capping molecule. The two different surface-capped silicon nanocrystals show remarkably different optical properties.
What is the impact of titanium particles and biocorrosion on implant survival and complications? A critical review (2018)

There is an association between biocorrosion, presence of titanium particles, and biological implant complications, but there is insufficient evidence to prove a unidirectional causal relationship.
The 3.3kV Semi-SuperJunction IGBT for increased cosmic ray induced breakdown immunity (2009)

In this paper we propose and describe a new device, the 3.3 kV semi-superjunction insulated gate bipolar transistor (Semi SJ IGBT). The device offers significant improvement in the on-state and switching trade-off compared to both state-of the-art field stop (FS) trench IGBT and the Full SJ IGBT; There is no need for very deep pillars, therefore the ease of manufacturing is improved as the device can be based on the dasiapresentpsila CoolMOS type technology for formation of n & p pillars for 600-1 kV. This makes the device a potential winner for the 3.3 kV or even greater voltage ranges (e.g. 6.5 kV). Furthermore the device offers considerably better robustness against cosmic rays when compared to a conventional FS IGBT. Here we demonstrate via analytical modeling that the FIT (Failure in Time) levels can be improved by one to two orders of magnitude.
927. By-ways of synthesis of cortisone from hecogenin. Part II. A route to 11-oxygenated compounds through 3β : 20β-diacetoxy-11-bromoallopregnan-12-one (1956)

R. K. Callow and V. H. T. James, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4744 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004744
Three-dimensional reconstruction of urban scenes from a single image (2003)

This work presents a method to output the 3D structure of an urban area from only one aerial photo. The reconstruction is based on the inverse process done when a parallel projection is used to construct a two-dimensional image from a three-dimensional object. A new algorithm for reconstruction is developed and implemented. It recovers depth information by identification of object height on the image plane. While the 3D-objects are reconstructed, their original texture is used for rendering, using control points defined by the user. Results show that when seen from the same capture angle, the virtual 3D scene and the original picture are exactly the same. In the virtual environment of this implementation, the user can visualize, visit and interact with the structure of the 3D scenario. The spatial structure of the real world is recovered at real time; it is possible to see the 3D growing out of the 2D images.
Improving Gemcitabine-Mediated Radiosensitization Using Molecularly Targeted Therapy: A Review (2008)

In the last three decades, gemcitabine has progressed from the status of a laboratory cytotoxic drug to a standard clinical chemotherapeutic agent and a potent radiation sensitizer. In an effort to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine, additional chemotherapeutic agents have been combined with gemcitabine (both with and without radiation) but with toxicity proving to be a major limitation. Therefore, the integration of molecularly targeted agents, which potentially produce less toxicity than standard chemotherapy, with gemcitabine radiation is a promising strategy for improving chemoradiation. Two of the most promising targets, described in this review, for improving the efficacy of gemcitabine radiation are epidermal growth factor receptor and checkpoint kinase 1.