gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Cholesterol Crystal-Induced Inflammation for the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

Cholesterol crystals are present in nascent and advanced atherosclerotic plaque. Under some conditions, they may enlarge and cause direct plaque trauma or trigger an inflammatory cascade that promotes the growth and instability of atherosclerotic plaque. Therapies that reduce the risk of cholesterol crystal formation or prevent the associated inflammatory response have the potential to improve the clinical outcome of patients with cardiovascular disease. Statins have pleiotropic effects that can reduce the size of the free cholesterol pool contained within atherosclerotic plaques and prevent the formation of cholesterol crystals. Colchicine prevents crystal-induced inflammation by virtue of its ability to inhibit macrophage and neutrophil function. Both statins and colchicine have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary disease. The efficacy of statins and colchicine for cardiovascular prevention supports the hypothesis that crystal-induced inflammation plays an integral role in the progression and instability of coronary disease. Inhibition of cholesterol crystal-induced inflammation offers a promising new target for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Inherently chiral concave molecules—from synthesis to applications (2010)

This tutorial review covers the recent development in the synthesis and application of molecules and finite assemblies that are chiral owing to their curvature. A modified definition of inherent chirality is provided. Various classes of chiral concave molecules are presented including salphen complexes, cyclic amides, derivatives of sumanene, trioxatricornan or subphthalocyanine, cyclotriveratrylenes, homooxacalix[3]arenes, calixarenes, resorcinarenes, phthalocyanines, corannulenes and cavitands. Some of these bowl shaped compounds exhibit high inversion barriers, comparable with the stability of classical carbon chirality centres, while the others (e.g. hydrogen bonded assemblies) can only be detected by NMR. This review is focused on practical aspects of synthesis, resolution and applications in chiral recognition and asymmetric synthesis.
Consequences of expressing mutants of the hemochromatosis gene ( <i>HFE</i> ) into a human neuronal cell line lacking endogenous HFE (2006)

HFE mutations have traditionally been associated with the iron overload disorder known as hemochromatosis. Recently, it has become clear that the two most common mutations in the HFE gene, H63D and C282Y, may be genetic modifiers for risk of neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, respectively. We developed human neuroblastoma stable cell lines that express either wild-type (WT) or mutant HFE to determine the cellular consequences of the mutant forms of HFE. The presence of the C282Y mutation was associated with relatively higher labile iron pool and iron regulatory protein activity than WT or H63D HFE. Targeted gene arrays revealed that the signal transduction pathway was up-regulated in the C282Y cells. H63D cells had higher levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and lower mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting higher baseline stress. This cell line was also more vulnerable to exposure to oxidative stress agents and more responsive to iron chelation than the C282Y cells. These data demonstrate that the different mutations in the HFE gene have unique effects on the cells and provide insights into how the different mutations may have different clinical consequences. The results also raise multiple novel questions for future study about the function of the HFE protein.
Chemically tailored high-<i>χ</i> block copolymers for perpendicular lamellae <i>via</i> thermal annealing (2019)

A chemically tailored high-χ block copolymer (BCP), polystyrene-block-poly[2-hydroxy-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)propyl methacrylate] (PS-b-PHFMA), was designed to incorporate tailored surface affinities and chemical incompatibilities for engineering perpendicular lamellae using thermal annealing. PS-b-PHFMA was synthesized via the sequential anionic polymerization of styrene and glycidyl methacrylate and the post-polymerization functionalization of the glycidyl moieties with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol. The bulk studies revealed lamellae with a minimum domain spacing of 9.6 nm and a large effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χeff) of 0.191 at 25 °C. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed perpendicular lamellae of the PS-b-PHFMA prepared on thermally-annealed thin films. The introduction of hydrophobic trifluoroethyl moieties onto the hydrophilic glycidyl moieties successfully balanced the surface affinity of the PHFMA block relative to PS, while simultaneously increasing the strength of segregation. Thus, χeff of the chemically tailored BCP increased, and a perpendicular orientation was facilitated on the thin films using thermal annealing.
<title>Retrieval techniques for compressed video streams</title> (1996)

A number of applications require audio and video data. Access to such data requires continuous real-time stream flow during playback (recording). This requires scheduling access to storage devices for such data. The high volume of such streams, especially video, makes it necessary to store them using compression schemes like JPEG and MPEG. However, doing so introduces playback data rate variability which in turn leads to poor storage system utilization if playback guarantees are to be maintained. Not all applications require perfect playback, and some tardiness and discontinuity during playback, within limits of acceptable Quality of Service (QoS), is tolerated. In this paper we briefly describe solutions to two problems that arise in scheduling the retrieval of compressed streams from secondary storage. Firstly, we propose QBSCAN, a scheme which reserves I/O bandwidth based on statistical estimates of playback rate in order to improve utilization. This is achieved by incorporating the QoS which comprises the playback rate (in frames per second), the maximum (consecutive) skipped frames, and the mean time between frame skips. Secondly, we develop storage techniques specifically designed for MPEG video, to be used in conjunction with QBSCAN, that allows robust playback. This is a problem because MPEG encoding introduces inter frame dependencies which make it hard to drop frames arbitrarily. Thus, the objectives of QBSCAN are to maximize the storage system utilization, and minimize buffer requirement, while providing the needed QoS despite data rate variability and dependency. Simulation studies are used to validate the efficacy of the proposed techniques.
Network information flow theory (2002)

We study a new class of multiuser source coding problems inspired by network communications. We propose the use of coding in networks for the purpose of multicasting. This concept may have significant impact on future design of switching systems.
Appendiceal enterobius vermicularis infestation associated with right-sided chronic pelvic pain. (2004)

Parasitic infestation is an uncommon cause of chronic pelvic pain among women of reproductive age. A case of chronic right-sided pelvic pain associated with appendiceal Enterobius vermicularis infestation was managed with appendectomy and antiparasitic therapy resulting in a complete resolution of symptoms.
[A multi-step distillation method for sample preparation in gas chromatographic analysis]. (2007)

A sample pretreatment device based on multi-step distillation principle was constructed and evaluated. Trace components in the sample were extracted, separated and enriched at the cold receptor of the molecular diffusion distillation device. The cold receptor was designed as an exchangeable part to avoid the cross interferences from one sample to another one. A model sample containing four kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in ethyl actate was tested in the device, and the distillated and enriched solution was analyzed by a gas chromatograph. It was proven that the interferential components to gas chromatography such as protein, lipid and pigment could be removed effectively, and the enrichment factor for trace target components was more than 150 times. The recoveries of the method were from 90% to 117%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.3% to 10%. The limit of detection (LOD) of this method was 1 ng/mL without further concentration. The reused ratio of the organic reagents was more than 95%. Practical application was performed by using a spiked tea sample. The device can treat more than 100 g of samples with a boiling point range of 120 - 600 degrees C.
Reducing the burden of diabetes: managing cardiovascular disease (1999)

Of the threats to health and life that beset the person with diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) but also cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease, represent the heaviest burden. The relative risk for CVD is very high for Type 1 diabetes, but the absolute risk, in terms of numbers, is much higher for Type 2. In all societies, diabetes increases cardiovascular risk twofold or more, compared with the local non-diabetic population. Some of the evidence for this diabetes-related increase in cardiovascular risk is reviewed and its relationship to recognised cardiovascular risk factors considered.
Our enlightenment (1970)

The opening of the Enlightenment Gallery at the British Museum in 2003 is doubly welcome: first, because it opens up to visitors the debates about the history and purpose of museums; and, secondly, because it puts philosophy and political theory back at the centre of our work. The British Museum has made a major statement about the place of museums in society and should be warmly congratulated for this.
Assembly of NiO/Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/PEDOT Nanocomposites on Contra Wires for Fiber-Shaped Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors (2015)

Fiber-shaped solid-state supercapacitors have aroused much interest in the fields of portable devices because of their attractive features such as high flexibility and safety, tiny volume, and high power density. In this work, NiO/Ni(OH)2 nanoflowers encapsulated in three-dimensional interconnected poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been fabricated on contra wires through a mild electrochemical route. The as-formed hybrid electrode made of NiO/Ni(OH)2/PEDOT delivered a high specific capacitance of 404.1 mF cm(-2) (or 80.8 F cm(-3)) at a current density of 4 mA cm(-2) and a long cycle life with 82.2% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, a fiber-shaped flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor based on the resulting hybrid electrode was assembled. The energy density of 0.011 mWh cm(-2) at a power density of 0.33 mW cm(-2) was achieved under an operating voltage window of 1.45 V. This work provides an effective strategy to fabricate high-performance electrodes for fiber-shaped flexible asymmetric supercapacitors through a facile and low-cost route.
Manganese(III) Acetylacetonate‐Mediated Phosphorylation of Enamides at Room Temperature (2018)

Abstract A highly Z ‐selective phosphorylation by Manganese(III) acetylacetonate‐mediated cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling of enamides and phosphine oxides has been developed under mild conditions. The reaction shows broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility. DFT studies revealed that the formation of Z ‐products is presumably due to the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. β ‐Aminophosphine could be readily obtained by reduction and hydrolysis of the product. magnified image
Exploiting efficient data mining techniques to enhance intrusion detection systems (2005)

Security is becoming a critical part of organizational information systems. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is an important detection that is used as a countermeasure to preserve data integrity and system availability from attacks. Data mining is being used to clean, classify, and examine large amount of network data to correlate common infringement for intrusion detection. The main reason for using data mining techniques for intrusion detection systems is due to the enormous volume of existing and newly appearing network data that require processing. The amount of data accumulated each day by a network is huge. Several data mining techniques such as clustering, classification, and association rules are proving to be useful for gathering different knowledge for intrusion detection. This paper presents the idea of applying data mining techniques to intrusion detection systems to maximize the effectiveness in identifying attacks, thereby helping the users to construct more secure information systems.
THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF ADSORPTION PROCESSES (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF ADSORPTION PROCESSESHugh S. TaylorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 2, 578–597Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01353a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01353a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1632Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell Death in Human Lung Transplantation: Apoptosis Induction in Human Lungs During Ischemia and After Transplantation (2000)

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) appears to be a significant type of cell loss in human lungs after transplantation, and this may contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury during the early phase of graft reperfusion. This cell loss might be responsible for severe organ dysfunction, which is seen in 20% of patients after lung transplantation. Therefore, this work is of importance to surgeons for the future development of interventions to prevent cell death in transplantation.
Allele-specific CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of the single-base P23H mutation for rhodopsin associated dominant retinitis pigmentosa (2017)

Abstract Treatment strategies for dominantly inherited disorders typically involve silencing or ablating the pathogenic allele. CRISPR/Cas nucleases have shown promise in allele-specific knockout approaches when the dominant allele creates unique protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) that can lead to allele restricted targeting. Here, we present a spacer-mediated allele-specific knockout approach that utilizes both SpCas9 variants and truncated single guide RNAs (trusgRNAs) to achieve efficient discrimination of a single-nucleotide mutation in rhodopsin ( Rho )-P23H mice, a model of dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We found that approximately 45% of the mutant P23H allele was edited at DNA level, and that the relative RNA expression of wild-type Rho was about 2.8 times more than that of mutant Rho in treated retinas. Furthermore, the progression of photoreceptor cell degeneration in outer nuclear layer was significantly delayed in treated regions of the Rho -P23H retinas at five weeks of age. Our proof-of-concept study therefore outlines a general strategy that could potentially be expanded to examine the therapeutic benefit of allele-specific gene editing approach to treat human P23H patient. Our study also extends allele-specific editing strategies beyond discrimination within the PAM sites, with potentially broad applicability to other dominant diseases.
Capacity estimation of nickel metal hydride backup batteries (2003)

A new capacity estimation method for nickel metal hydride (Ni/MH) backup batteries is described. It estimates the capacity of degraded batteries from the voltage drop seen after charging at a constant current. The voltage drop increases with the battery degradation caused by self-discharge at high temperature. A parabolic relationship is discovered between capacity C and the voltage drop /spl Delta/V after charging. The degradation temperature dependence of the parabolic function C = f(/spl Delta/V) is very small and the same function can be used to estimate the capacity of Ni/MH batteries degraded within a wide temperature range.
Anisotropy survey for reservoir definition (1991)

In the context of Franco-Soviet cooperation, a seismic survey was carried out on the Romashkino reservoir in the Tatar Republic (USSR). This survey involved evaluating azimuthal anisotropy parameters from S-wave VSPs recorded on three wells and from a surface seismic line, the latter in order to monitor any lateral variations in the parameters. In this paper we present results which indicate in particular that for the two wells in which oil production has been established, the anisotropy rate appears to be proportional to production figures. This seems to confirm the hypothesis that variations in production are asociated with the presence of subvertical fractures which cause S–wave birefringence. By processing the reflected converted P-S waves of a surface seismic line, it is possible to monitor lateral variations in the anisotropy parameters and well ties effectively confirm differences revealed by the S–wave VSP data.
Criterion for the performance analysis of synchronous and asynchronous sampling instruments based on nonlinear processing (1992)

The authors propose a criterion for the comparison of different sampling strategies (synchronous, asynchronous and random) and filtering algorithms used in digital instruments which provide the estimate of the time average of a signal processed with a nonlinear conversion of multiple inputs (e.g. wattmeters, RMS voltmeters, . . .). This criterion uses the Bayesian approach to incorporate, for every sampling strategy, any prior information on the influences of each incidental quantity which can vary the output of the instrument, transforming this output into a statistic. The asymptotic mean-squared error of the measurements has been assumed as an estimator of the error and its general expression, valid for the most common sampling strategies used in practice, has been deduced. This asymptotic error is a function of the frequency response of the digital filter used and, eventually, of the characteristic function of the probability distribution selected for the random variables generating the sampling instants. The particular formulae for different sampling strategies and filtering algorithms are discussed and compared
Lubricant-Infused Surfaces for Low-Surface-Tension Fluids: Promise versus Reality (2017)

The past few decades have seen substantial effort for the design and manufacturing of hydrophobic structured surfaces for enhanced steam condensation in water-based applications. Such surfaces promote dropwise condensation and easy droplet removal. However, less priority has been given to applications utilizing low-surface-tension fluids as the condensate. Lubricant-infused surfaces (LISs) or slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have recently been developed, where the atomically smooth, defect-free slippery surface leads to reduced pinning of water droplets and omniphobic characteristics. The remarkable results of LISs and SLIPSs with a range of working fluid droplets give hope of their viability with low-surface-tension condensates. However, the presence of the additional liquid in the form of lubricant brings other issues to consider. Here, in an effort to study the dropwise condensation potential of LISs and SLIPSs, we investigate the miscibility of a range of low-surface-tension fluids with widely used lubricants in LIS and SLIPS design. We consider a wide range of condensate surface tensions (12-73 mN/m) and different categories of lubricants with varied viscosities (5-2700 cSt), namely, fluorinated Krytox oils, hydrocarbon silicone oils, mineral oil, and ionic liquids. In addition, we use both theory and pendant drop experiments to predict the cloaking behavior of the lubricants and immiscible condensate working fluid pairs. Our work not only shows that careful attention must be paid to lubricant-condensate selection to create long-lasting LISs or SLIPSs but also develops lubricant selection design guidelines for stable LISs and SLIPSs for enhanced condensation in applications utilizing low-surface-tension working fluids.
An immunological procedure for the rapid identification of Phaeoannellomyces werneckii. (1988)

Phaeoannellomyces werneckii is identified on the basis of its annellidic conidiogenous cells and the production of two-celled conidia. Without the proper recognition of its annellidic mode of conidiogenesis, isolates of P. werneckii can be confused with other species of Phaeococcomyces, Exophiala, and Scolecobasidium constrictum. To overcome this problem, we developed exoantigen reagents capable of specifically identifying P. werneckii. Rabbit P. werneckii antiserum was rendered specific by adsorptions with antigens of Exophiala jeanselmei serotype 1, Exophiala moniliae, and Wangiella dermatitidis. Eighty-two dematiaceous yeast-like fungi, including 18 P. werneckii cultures, were tested in the immunodiffusion test against P. werneckii antisera. Exoantigen tests permitted the rapid and specific identification of the 18 P. werneckii isolates. Negative results were obtained with the 64 heterologous antigen extracts.
Inward current in single smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig taenia coli. (1989)

Using the tight-seal voltage-clamp method, the ionic currents in the enzymatically dispersed single smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig taenia coli have been studied. In a physiological medium containing 3 mM Ca2+, the cells are gently tapering spindles, averaging 201 (length) x 8 microns (largest diameter in center of cell), with a volume of 5 pl. The average cell capacitance is 50 pF, and the specific membrane capacitance 1.15 microF/cm2. The input impedance of the resting cell is 1-2 G omega. Spatially uniform voltage-control prevails after the first 400 microseconds. There is much overlap of the inward and outward currents, but the inward current can be isolated by applying Cs+ internally to block all potassium currents. The inward current is carried by Ca2+. Activation begins at approximately -30 mV, maximum ICa occurs at +10-+20 mV, and the reversal potential is approximately +75 mV. The Ca2+ channel is permeable to Sr2+ and Ba2+, and to Cs+ moving outwards, but not to Na+ moving inwards. Activation and deactivation are very rapid at approximately 33 degrees C, with time-constants of less than 1 ms. Inactivation has a complex time course, resolvable into three exponential components, with average time constants (at 0 mV) of 7, 45, and 400 ms, which are affected differently by voltage. Steady-state inactivation is half-maximal at -30 mV for all components combined, but -36 mV for the fast component and -26 and -23 mV for the other two components. The presence of multiple forms of Ca2+ channel is inferred from the inactivation characteristics, not from activation properties. Recovery of the fast channel occurs with a time-constant of 72 ms (at +10 mV). Ca2+ influx during an action potential can transfer approximately 9 pC of charge, which could elevate intracellular Ca2+ concentration adequately for various physiological functions.