gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Establishment of Three Cell Lines from the Tick Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus (Agari: Ixodidae) and their Infection with Some Arboviruses (1975)

Journal Article The Establishment of Three Cell Lines from the Tick Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus (Agari: Ixodidae) and their Infection with Some Arboviruses Get access M. G. R. Varma, M. G. R. Varma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary Pudney, Mary Pudney Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. J. Leake C. J. Leake 1Department of Entomology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 11, Issue 6, 10 January 1975, Pages 698–706, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/11.6.698 Published: 10 January 1975
Accuracy of Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy, Compared With Conventional Gastroscopy, in Detection of Gastric Diseases (2016)

MCE detects focal lesions in the upper and lower stomach with comparable accuracy with conventional gastroscopy. MCE is preferred by almost all patients, compared with gastroscopy, and can be used to screen gastric diseases without sedation. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02219529.
Combined Forced and Free Convection Laminar Flow over a Vertical Plate (1973)

The approximate integral method of von Kármán is adapted to analyse combined forced and free convection laminar flow over a vertical flat plate at a constant temperature. This approach produces relatively simple expressions relating velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction and heat transfer to Pr and Gr/Re 2 for the situation where forced convection flow is dominant over free convection. The results of the analysis compare favourably with more exact theoretical treatments and with experiment.
Internal Structure of Cambrian Fossil Embryo Markuelia Revealed in the Light of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (2011)

根据同步加速器放射 X 光检查 Tomographic 显微镜学(SRXTM ) ， Markuelia hunanensis 的内部结构被揭示。在一个例子，玻璃化和脱皮的表演在卵壳下面隐藏的 annuli。Sectioning 和 3-D 重建从转换内向的人显示一条未经触动的消化的道到终端肛门。转换内向的人形成橄榄球 cavum。下列消化的道是像绳的卷，平行到身体轴，在长度的大约 650 m，和在直径(80 m ) 的制服。精致地保存的像管子的结构在像绳的结构的中间被隐藏，直径 2040 m，与一段 120 m。我们作为肌的可能的残余作为内脏和它的环境的可能的外皮解释这像管子的结构，类似于那在 Priapulans。连接身体墙和消化的道的二对称的杆形状结构作为可能的缩肌肌肉被解释。在比较左形式的保存的井和 Markuelia 的正确形式的身体以后，我们建议他们可以代表同种二形。直接数了， Markuelia hunanensis 的一件样品拥有 62 个环和其它 68。
A brief review: liquid ventilation. (1987)

The liquid-filled lung preparation has provided physiologists with a unique technique for varying the physical properties of respiratory media and studying their effect on basic pulmonary processes. More recently, liquid breathing, ventilation of the lungs with an oxygenated fluid, has extended the applicability of the liquid-filled lung to include a wide variety of environmental and clinical research areas. This article is an account of the history of liquid breathing based on a review of 60 publications dating back to 1920. The physiologic status of this experimental preparation has continuously advanced due to technical changes in experimental approach and improved understanding of the implications of fluid breathing on overall systemic physiology. In this regard, the evolution of the liquid breathing concept from the saline-filled lung to ventilation with inert liquids is presented. Emphasis is placed on how liquid breathing can be used as an effective research tool for expanding our understanding of normal respiratory physiology and how this technique may be of benefit to other areas of science. Finally, like most techniques in biological investigations, liquid ventilation has certain limitations. Therefore, this review summarizes the rationale behind various experimental approaches, the nature and tractability of limitations, and the results which can be safely drawn from experimental studies to date.
Everything you wanted to know about the bladder epithelium but were afraid to ask (2000)

The mammalian urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) performs the important function of storing urine for extended periods, while maintaining the urine composition similar to that delivered by the kidneys. The urothelium possesses four properties to perform this function. First, it offers a minimum epithelial surface area-to-urine volume; this reduces the surface area for passive movement of substances between lumen and blood. Second, the passive permeability of the apical membrane and tight junctions is very low to electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Third, the urothelium has a hormonally regulated sodium absorptive system; thus passive movement of sodium from blood to urine is countered by active sodium reabsorption. Last, the permeability properties of the apical membrane and tight junctions of the urothelium are not altered by most substances found in the urine or blood. The importance of the barrier function of the urothelium is illustrated by infectious cystitis. The loss of the barrier function results in the movement of urinary constituents into the lamina propria and underlying muscle layers, resulting in suprapubic and lower back pain and frequent, urgent, and painful voiding.
Matching 3-D Anatomical Surfaces with Non-Rigid Volumetric Deformations (1994)

This paper presents a new method for determining the minimal non-rigid deformation between two 3-D surfaces, such as those which describe anatomical structures in 3-D medical images. Although we match surfaces, we represent the deformation as a volumetric transformation. Our method performs a least squares minimization of the distance between the two surfaces of interest. To quickly and accurately compute dislances between points on the two surfaces, we use a precomputed distance map represented using an octree spline whose resolution increases near the surface. To quickly and robustly compute the deformation, we use a volumetric spline to model the deformation function. We present experimental results on both synthetic and real 3-D surfaces.
Virtual off-line auto calibrating position and current sensors for switched-reluctance-motor drives (2006)

To obtain high-performance motor drives, modern control strategies should be employed in the drive system. These techniques are inherently dependent to the measurement devices, or sensors, operating properly. In particular, switched-reluctance-motor drives need position and current sensors to demonstrate full torque-control capability. This requirement yields more expensive and complex drive systems. On the other hand, when these sensors fail, the controller should be able to recover and handle the proper operation of the drive system. This fact necessitates back-up systems to support the operational drive in case of sensor failure, especially for life-dependent applications such as automotive systems. In the paper, novel virtual position and current sensors are designed based on modelling of magnetic double-saliency characteristics in switched-reluctance-motor drives. This approach does not suffer from unpredicted variations of spatial distribution of magnetic field since a practical autocalibration method is designed to tune the virtual sensors. The proposed virtual autocalibrating sensors are implemented fully on an experimental SRM drive based on a fixed-point digital signal processor. The experimental results verify the capability and high performance of the proposed approach.
Biological activity of parrodienes, a new class of polyunsaturated linear aldehydes similar to carotenoids. (2004)

A new chemical named parrodienes has been extracted from parrots' plumage. From the chemical point of view, parrodienes are polyunsaturated aldehydes similar to carotenoids. On the basis of this similarity we organized some biological experiments to evaluate the inhibition of lipoperoxidation of cell membranes induced by CCl4, protection against ultraviolet rays, anti-inflammatory activity and protection from an increase of ornithine-decarboxylase as marker of tumoral skin alteration. The results of these experiments showed that unsaturated dienes (parrodienes) play an important role on the inhibition and prevention of many biological processes that are at the basis of different pathological disorders.
Schweres Erbe (2008)

Alle Kassen sollen schuldenfrei mit dem Gesundheitsfonds starten. Nett gemeint, doch die milliardenschweren Pensionsverpflichtungen von AOK und IKK drücken das Ergebnis der Kassen enorm. Jetzt ist ein Streit zwischen Politik und Selbstverwaltung darüber entbrannt, wer für die fehlenden Rücklagen aufkommt.
The Meta VVH System - A Continuously Variable Valve Timing System (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A continuously variable valve timing system called the “Meta VVH System” is presented. It allows the unthrottled load control of spark ignition engines. Two camshafts rotating at the same speed are acting on the intake valve(s) via a follower and a transmission element in such a way, that the output displacement is the sum of the effective displacements of the two cams. The first camshaft which operates as an opening cam is driven directly by the crankshaft. The second camshaft operating as the closing cam is driven by the opening cam via a four wheel gear drive. This gear drive allows a phasing between both camshafts in a range necessary to vary lift and duration of the valve(s) from zero to maximum.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This system not only offers the flexibility and range required for an unthrottled load control but also shows benefits concerning its friction losses even in comparison to modern state of the art valve trains like the roller finger follower. The experience with this system applied to different SI engines shows no restrictions for the use on production engines neither concerning its function (including seating velocities, stresses, cycle-to-cycle and cylinder-to-cylinder variations) nor with respect to the complexity (number of parts, space, weight, costs etc.). The variation in lift and duration realized by this mechanism provides the conditions to avoid pumping losses at part load conditions and to improve the maximum volumetric efficiency over the whole engine speed range. Additionally the mixture preparation under atmospheric conditions is supported by high intake flow velocities at part load, thus leading to an improved combustion even at low loads under steady state, cold start and warm up conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results of extensive thermodynamic investigations with the variable valve timing system and its potentials will be presented and discussed in this paper.</div>
Localization and Characterization of the Carbon Tetrachloride Transformation Activity of Pseudomonas sp. Strain KC (1995)

Previous research has established that Pseudomonas sp. strain KC rapidly transforms carbon tetrachloride (CT) to carbon dioxide (45 to 55%), a nonvolatile fraction (45 to 55%), and a cell-associated fraction ((equiv)5%) under denitrifying, iron-limited conditions. The present study provides additional characterization of the nonvolatile fraction, demonstrates that electron transfer plays a role in the transformation, and establishes the importance of both extracellular and intracellular factors. Experiments with (sup14)C-labeled CT indicate that more than one nonvolatile product is produced during CT transformation by strain KC. One of these products, accounting for about 20% of the [(sup14)C]CT transformed, was identified as formate on the basis of its elution time from an ion-exchange column, its boiling point, and its conversion to (sup14)CO(inf2) when incubated with formate dehydrogenase. Production of formate requires transfer of two electrons to the CT molecule. The role of electron transfer was also supported by experiments demonstrating that stationary-phase cells that do not transform CT can be stimulated to transform CT when supplemented with acetate (electron donor), nitrate (electron acceptor), or a protonophore (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone). The location of transformation activity was also evaluated. By themselves, washed cells did not transform CT to a significant degree. Occasionally, CT transformation was observed by cell-free culture supernatant, but this activity was not reliable. Rapid and reliable CT transformation was only obtained when washed whole cells were reconstituted with culture supernatant, indicating that both extracellular and intracellular factors are normally required for CT transformation. Fractionation of culture supernatant by ultrafiltration established that the extracellular factor or factors are small, with an apparent molecular mass of less than 500 Da. The extracellular factor or factors were stable after lyophilization to powder and were extractable with acetone. Addition of micromolar levels of iron inhibited CT transformation in whole cultures, but the level of iron needed to inhibit CT transformation was over 100-fold higher for washed cells reconstituted with a 10,000-Da supernatant filtrate. Thus, the inhibitory effects of iron are exacerbated by a supernatant factor or factors with a molecular mass greater than 10,000 Da.
Acoustic-to-Phrase Models for Speech Recognition (2019)

Directly emitting words and sub-words from speech spectrogram has been shown to produce good results using end-to-end (E2E) trained models. Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and Sequence-to-Sequence attention (Seq2Seq) models have both shown better success when directly targeting words or sub-words. In this work, we ask the question: Can an E2E model go beyond words and transcribe directly to phrases (i.e., a group of words)? Directly modeling frequent phrases might be better than modeling its constituent words. Also, emitting multiple words together might speed up inference in models like Seq2Seq where decoding is inherently sequential. To answer this, we undertake a study on a 3400-hour Microsoft Cortana voice assistant task. We present a side-by-side comparison for CTC and Seq2Seq models that have been trained to target a variety of tokens including letters, sub-words, words and phrases. We show that an E2E model can indeed transcribe directly to phrases. We see that while CTC has difficulty in accurately modeling phrases, a more powerful model like Seq2Seq can effortlessly target phrases that are up to 4 words long, with only a reasonable degradation in the final word error rate.
Design of a NULL Convention Self-Timed Divider. (2004)

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of almond intake on anthropometric indices in adult subjects. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases until January 2020 to identify relevant RCTs. Data were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and standard deviations (SDs) to show the magnitude of effects of almond on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Out of 2983 reports, 28 RCTs (37 arms) were eligible for including in our meta-analysis. The pooled results, obtained using a random-effects model, showed that almond intake significantly decreased BW (WMD: -0.38 kg, 95% CI: -0.65, -0.10, p = 0.007, I2 = 30.5%) and FM (WMD: -0.58 kg, 95% CI: -0.87, -0.28, p < 0.001, I2 = 4.9%). However, we found no significant effect of almond administration on BMI (WMD: -0.30 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.67, 0.06, p = 0.101, I2 = 62.6%), WC (WMD: -0.60 cm, 95% CI: -1.28, 0.06, p = 0.078, I2 = 0.0%), and FFM (WMD: 0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.50, p = 0.097, I2 = 49.5%). Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that resveratrol almond intake significantly reduced weight and FM, but did not affect BMI, WC, and FFM. Further studies are still required to confirm our results.
Submicron-scale liquid crystal photo-alignment (2013)

In this article, we disclose a method to achieve submicron-scale resolution for liquid crystals by photo-alignment of the sulfonic azo dye (SD1) layer. The interference pattern produced by Lloyd’s mirror has been used to produce two alignment domains. The easy axes in these alignment domains are mutually perpendicular to each other, in the plane of the substrate. The two-step alignment process, i.e. the first uniform alignment and the second alignment by interference pattern, provides resolution up to 105 nm for the liquid crystal alignment domain size that typically corresponds to the existing experimental limits. Optical methods such as optical microscopy and diffraction in the transmissive and reflective regimes have been used to analyze the fabricated gratings.
The ultrastructure and permeability of tracheobronchial blood vessels in health and disease. (1990)

Studies using morphological methods, some contemporary and others traditional, have revealed that part of the distinctive behaviour of the airway mucosa under normal and pathological conditions can be explained by the characteristics of the microvasculature. For example, the terminal arterioles of the airway mucosa are innervated not only by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves but also by sensory nerves. The sensory nerves release tachykinins such as substance P which dilate arterioles and can increase vascular permeability through an action on postcapillary venules. The increase in vascular permeability produced by these mediators results from gaps in the endothelium that permit the extravasation of plasma proteins into the mucosal connective tissue and even into the airway lumen. The magnitude of the response of postcapillary venules to pro-inflammatory mediators is influenced by numerous factors. Among these are airway infections which can potentiate the response by causing the proliferation of mediator-sensitive venules, by decreasing the breakdown of peptide mediators by neutral endopeptidase, and perhaps by increasing the number of tachykinin receptors on venules.
DC to single-phase AC Voltage Source Inverter with power decoupling circuit based on flying capacitor topology for PV system (2016)

A novel power decoupling circuit using a flying capacitor topology is proposed in this paper. The inverters, which are connected to a single-phase grid, have single-phase power fluctuation at the twice the grid frequency. Thus, bulky electrolytic capacitor is generally used as DC link capacitor. In the proposed circuit, the power fluctuation is compensated by the flying capacitor in the flying capacitor DC-DC converter. The proposed circuit does not need an additional magnetic component in comparison with the conventional system, which has a boost chopper and an inverter. The proposed converter is experimentally tested with a 1-kW prototype. A voltage ripple at twice the frequency on the inverter DC voltage is suppressed from 35.1% to 4.6%. Moreover, the maximum efficiency of 94.5% with an output power of 1.0 kW is achieved. Finally, the design method of the boost-up inductor for proposed circuit is estimated by experiment. As a result, the error of the ripple current between design and measurement value is 4.7%.
TMN based accounting management architecture (1996)

This paper presents a distributed architecture for the accounting management of telecommunication networks that addresses some of the main open issues encountered in ATM networks. The architecture is based on the TMN recommendations of the ITU-T to facilitate interoperability between different networking organizations. In ATM, depending on the charging policy, the charge of a connection may involve traffic measurements and other accounting data generated by the network elements all along the path of a connection. The paper focuses on the convergence of this data from the network elements to a central process calculating the final bill of a customer. The convergence is done in two steps: the data is first assembled locally in some administrative (sub)domains by collector functions, and is then concentrated from all concerned domains to a central administrative point where the customer account is located.
Voltage-sharing of the divided capacitors in non-isolated three-level converters (2004)

This paper proposes a voltage-sharing method for the divided capacitors of the nonisolated three-level (TL) converter, so the voltage stresses of the switches are balanced and a TL voltage waveform can be obtained. The experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Suboptimal Soft Range Estimators With Applications in UWB Sensor Networks (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we consider the positioning problem in wireless sensor networks from a systems perspective, including aspects of the physical layer, channel, ranging algorithm and positioning algorithm. We argue that gains in positioning accuracy and robustness can be achieved by extending the interface between the physical layer ranging algorithm and the higher layer positioning algorithm to include more information than just a single distance estimate per link. Towards this end, we propose and analyze a “soft” distance estimator. This estimator, differently from traditional distance estimators, outputs a list of likely distances for each link together with a list of weights similar to likelihoods. Hence, we broaden the interface between ranging and positioning algorithm, and provide additional information that the positioning algorithm can exploit. The soft distance estimator we propose is of comparably low complexity, and offers competitive performance while making no assumptions on <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">a priori</emphasis> channel information or network synchronization. The analysis and simulations in this work are based on the channel models adopted by the IEEE 802.15.4a working group, and highlight the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed approach. </para>
Solving Bilinear Inverse Problems using Deep Generative Priors. (2018)

This paper proposes a new framework to handle the bilinear inverse problems (BIPs): recover $\boldsymbol{w}$, and $\boldsymbol{x}$ from the measurements of the form $\boldsymbol{y} = \mathcal{A}(\boldsymbol{w},\boldsymbol{x})$, where $\mathcal{A}$ is a bilinear operator. The recovery problem of the unknowns $\boldsymbol{w}$, and $\boldsymbol{x}$ can be formulated as a non-convex program. A general strategy is proposed to turn the ill-posed BIP to a relatively well-conditioned BIP by imposing a structural assumption that $\boldsymbol{w}$, and $\boldsymbol{x}$ are members of some classes $\mathcal{W}$, and $\mathcal{X}$, respectively, that are parameterized by unknown latent low-dimensional features. We learn functions mapping from the hidden feature space to the ambient space for each class using generative models. The resulting reduced search space of the solution enables a simple alternating gradient descent scheme to yield promising result in solving the non-convex BIP. 
To demonstrate the performance of our algorithm, we choose an important BIP; namely, blind image deblurring as a motivating application. We show through extensive experiments that this technique shows promising results in deblurring images of real datasets and is also robust to noise perturbations.
Ketamine and Peripheral Inflammation (2013)

The old anesthetic ketamine has demonstrated interactions with the inflammatory response. This review intends to qualify the nature and the mechanism underlying this interaction. For this purpose, preclinical data will be presented starting with the initial works, and then, the probable mechanisms will be discussed. A summary of the most relevant clinical data will be presented. In conclusion, ketamine appears as a unique "homeostatic regulator" of the acute inflammatory reaction and the stress-induced immune disturbances. This is of some interest at a moment when the short- and long-term deleterious consequences of inadequate inflammatory reactions are increasingly reported. Large-scale studies showing improved patient's outcome are, however, required before to definitively assert the clinical reality of this positive effect.