gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Argon Single-Frequency Laser Power and the 6328-Å Neon Isotope Shift using an Interferometer Laser (1966)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Peter Zory; Measurements of Argon Single‐Frequency Laser Power and the 6328‐Å Neon Isotope Shift using an Interferometer Laser. J. Appl. Phys. 1 August 1966; 37 (9): 3643–3644. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1708932 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Field emission enhancement by the quantum structure in an ultrathin multilayer planar cold cathode (2008)

Field electron emission (FE) from an ultrathin multilayer planar cold cathode (UMPC) including a quantum well structure has been both experimentally and theoretically investigated. We found that by tuning the energy levels of UMPC, the FE characteristic can be evidently improved, which is unexplained by conventional FE mechanism. FE emission mechanism, dependent on the quantum structure effect, which supplies a favorable location of electron emission and enhances tunneling ability, has been presented to expound the notable amelioration. An approximate formula, brought forward, can predict the quantum FE enhancement, in which the theoretical prediction is close to the experimental result.
Fast and Sensitive Method for Determination of Nitrogen. Selective Nitrogen Detector for Gas Chromatography. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast and Sensitive Method for Determination of Nitrogen. Selective Nitrogen Detector for Gas Chromatography.R. L. MartinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 9, 1209–1213Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60241a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Some comments on algorithm and grammar in the automatic parsing of natural languages. (1966)

The repeated assertion regarding the efficiency of a simple parsing algorithm combinable with a variety of different grammars written in the form of appropriate tables of rules is examined. The question is raised of the increasing complexity of the tables when more than the most elementary natural-language conditions are included, as well as the question of the ordering of the rules within such nonelementary tables. It is concluded that the structuring of the parsing program as an executive routine with appropriate subroutines is a satisfactory separation of grammar and algorithm. (Author)
Pitfalls in the powder diffraction analysis of zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-8 (1994)

Crystal structure analyses by the Rietveld method have shown that the framework structures of zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-8 are essentially identical. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the two phases especially when the template-free H forms are studied. In addition, some inconsistencies in publications on the two zeolites aggravate the correct interpretation of the powder diagrams. A powder pattern published for ZSM-8 which indicates significant differences between the lattice constants of ZSM-8 and ZSM-5 is shown to be incorrectly indexed. Correct reindexing gives lattice constants for ZSM-8 matching average ZSM-5 values. Peak splitting of a ZSM-8 reflection at 2 θ ≈23° (CuK α ) has been used frequently to distinguish ZSM-8 from ZSM-5. However, it is also a common feature of ZSM-5 diagrams when the difference between a and b lattice constants is big enough to separate hkl and khl reflections within the instrumental resolution. Our data on two ZSM-8 samples indicate that cell dimensions of ZSM-8 do not deviate from average ZSM-5 values. It is suspected that effects in the decomposition of crystals upon calcination, and/or morphology and shape of twin individuals, and/or stacking faults account for different sorption properties of the two zeolites rather than differences in their average crystal structures.
In Situ Color Control for Reflection Holography (1987)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.
Systemic Recombinant  -2Interferon Therapy in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (1986)

This report describes the first use of recombinant-DNA-produced human interferon in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Ninety-eight patients who were clinically definite for MS with two or more documented exacerbations during the preceding two years were admitted to this placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. Although both groups were similar, placebo patients had later MS onset. Patients injected themselves with 2 X 10(6) IU of alpha-2 interferon or placebo three times each week for up to 52 weeks. This dose of interferon was well tolerated in that side effects were minimal. During the trial, the exacerbation rate was sharply reduced in both groups. In the three-month follow-up period after stopping treatment, more patients who were receiving interferon than placebo became worse neurologically. More patients who were receiving interferon than placebo changed from exacerbating MS to progressive MS during the trial. Thus, no clear therapeutic benefit of alpha-2 interferon for MS was detected.
Static Type Analysis for Python (2014)

Python is a kind of dynamic-typed language which provides flexibility but leaves the programmer without the benefits of static typing. This paper describes Type, a tool that works for static type annotation and inference for python. It could simulate the built-in modules, transform the Python source code to IR(Intermediate representation) which we design and annotate, infer and reduce the IR into the type system. Type could provide the explicit type information, detect the type errors at compile time and improve the efficiency of development and the accuracy of point-to analysis. By the evaluation of applying Type to a suite of benchmarks, we find that Type can annotate and infer the types with a good precision and coverage in accept time.
Zinc Chloride Methylene Blue. I. Biological Stain History, Physical Characteristics and Approximation of Azure B Content of Commercial Samples (1979)

Zinc chloride methylene blue appeared on the market almost contemporaneously with the zinc-free medicinal form. The former has rarely been reported as being used in blood stains. Recent suspension of manufacture of medicinal methylene blue by it. principal American producer has excited interest in the use of the zinc chloride form for the preparation of blood stains. According to Lillie (1944a,b) the azure B content of zinc chloride methylene blue may have varied from 5 to 30% in the samples studied. Taking the Merck Index (1968, 1976) figures for the spectroscopic absorption maximum (λmax) of 667.8 and 668 nm as standard, recent samples of zinc chloride methylene blue are calculated to contain 6-8% azure B. These figures are baaed on 1) the shift of λmax after exhaustive pH 9.5 chloroform extraction, 2) evaluation of the actual ratio of the observed TiCl2 dye content to the theoretical for pure zinc chloride methylene blue, 3) comparison of spectroscopic and staining effects of graded hot dichromate oxidation products with those of highly purified azure B-methylene blue mixtures of known proportions.As far as can be found, medicinal methylene blue is almost the exclusive source of cosin polychrome methylene blue blood stains. Lillie (1944c) included a short series comparing 5 zinc chloride methylene blues with a dozen medicinal methylene blue samples; all were oxidized with hot dichromate to produce successful Wright stains. No effort was made to remove the zinc Exhaustive pH 9.5 chloroform extraction of zinc chloride methylene blue (lot MCB 12-H-29) yielded a small amount of red dye which when extracted into 0.1 N HCI gave λmax = 650. The extraction moved the absorption peak of the zinc chloride methylene blue from 667 to 668 nm and the midpoint of the 90% maximum absorption band, 18 nm wide, from 666.5 to 667.5 nm.
Glucose induces FGF21 mRNA expression through ChREBP activation in rat hepatocytes (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has beneficial effects of improving the plasma glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Here, we investigated carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) involvement in the regulation of FGF21 mRNA expression in liver. Glucose stimulation and adenoviral overexpression of dominant active ChREBP increased FGF21 mRNA. Consistently, adenoviral expression of dominant negative Mlx inhibited glucose induction of FGF21 mRNA. Furthermore, deletion studies of mouse FGF21 gene promoter (-2000 to +65 bp) revealed a glucose responsive region between -74 and -52 bp. These findings suggest that FGF21 expression is regulated by ChREBP.
Nitration of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and mutagenic activities of related compounds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitration of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and mutagenic activities of related compoundsMasahiro Minabe and Norio ShibuyaCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1989, 2, 6, 357–358Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00012a001https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00012a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hair cycle‐dependent changes of alkaline phosphatase activity in the mesenchyme and epithelium in mouse vibrissal follicles (2007)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected in the restricted mesenchymal and epithelial regions in mouse vibrissal follicles. Its localization and strength dramatically changed during the hair cycle. Activity in the dermal papilla (DP) was moderate in very early anagen, reached a maximal level in early anagen, decreased at the proximal region of DP after mid anagen, and was kept at a low level during catagen. The bulbar dermal sheath showed intense ALP activity only in early anagen. Although most bulbar epithelium did not show ALP activity, germinative epidermal cells that were adjacent to the ALP-negative DP cells became ALP-positive in mid anagen and rearranged in a single layer so as to encapsulate the DP in mid catagen. During catagen, the outermost layer of bulbar epithelium became ALP-positive, which could be follicular epithelial precursors migrating from the bulge. Before the initiation of hair formation, ALP activity in the bulbar epithelium rapidly decreased and that in DP increased. These dynamic changes of ALP expression might be related to DP's functions in hair induction and also to reconstruction of the bulbar structure during the hair cycle.
The reduction of reflective notches using “dyed” resist (1986)

Abstract Variation in line width caused by light scattered from the substrate (reflective notching) is a major problem in VLSI lithography. This paper demonstrates the reduction of reflective notches using a resist with increased absorptivity (a dyed resist). The optimal set of process conditions which minimize line width variations is explored.
Andersen's syndrome: Potassium‐sensitive periodic paralysis, ventricular ectopy, and dysmorphic features (1994)

Andersen's syndrome is a clinically distinct form of potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis associated with cardiac dysrhythmias. The subtle nature of the cardiac and dysmorphic features may delay the recognition of this syndrome and its potentially lethal cardiac dysrhythmias. The genetic defect in Andersen's syndrome is not genetically linked to other forms of potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis and is probably distinct from the long QT syndrome locus.
Characterization of the sacQ genes from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (1987)

The sacQ gene from Bacillus licheniformis was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis. Deletion analysis shows that it encodes a 46-amino-acid polypeptide homologous to the B. subtilis sacQ gene product. The polypeptide, when it is overexpressed, activates the expression of a number of target genes in B. subtilis, all encoding secreted enzymes: alkaline protease, levansucrase, beta-glucanase(s), xylanase, and alpha-amylase. The maximum stimulations measured for alkaline protease and levansucrase were by a factor of 70 and 50, respectively, when the sacQ gene from B. licheniformis was present on a multicopy plasmid in B. subtilis. The sacQ genes from B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, cloned in the same multicopy plasmid, were compared under the same conditions. The sacQ gene from B. licheniformis was more efficient than the sacQ gene from B. subtilis in producing the hypersecretion phenotype. The sacQ structural genes from B. subtilis and B. licheniformis were placed under the control of the same inducible promoter. Hypersecretion was specifically obtained under conditions of full induction of the promoter. The target site of levansucrase regulation by sacQ was identified as a 440-base-pair fragment located in the 5' noncoding region of sacB, suggesting transcriptional control.
Syntheses of 4-Benzylpyridones via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions (2001)

Different strategies were studied for the preparation of analogues of potent biarylmethanes non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We undertook the study of the possible routes for the preparation of 3-cyano-4-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-ethyl-6-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one and its cyclic analogue 4-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)- 6-oxo- 2,3,6,7 - tetrahydrofuro [2,3 - b] pyridine-5 - carboni-trile. Preparation of the former was achieved from the anion of 4-methyl-5-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxynicotinonitrile either by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction on 3,5-dimethyl iodobenzene or starting with a nucleophilic addition reaction on 3,5-dimethylcyclohexanone. Cyclic analogues were prepared by an unprecedented nucleophilic aromatic substitution of, for example, 3,5-dimethyliodobenzene with the dianion of 4-methyl-6-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile. None of the herein described new compounds showed anti HIV-1 activity or cytotoxicity on cellular assays (CEM-SS and MT4).
Neural net based nonlinear adaptive control for autonomous underwater vehicles (2003)

Since the dynamics of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are highly nonlinear and their hydrodynamic coefficients vary with different operating conditions, a high performance control system of an AUV is needed to have the capacities of learning and adaptation to the variations of the AUV dynamics. In this paper, a linearly parameterized neural network is used to approximate the uncertainties of the vehicle dynamics, where the basis function vector of the network is constructed according to the vehicle physical properties. The proposed controller guarantees uniform boundedness of the vehicle trajectory tracking errors and network weights estimation errors based on the Lyapunov stability theory, where the network reconstruction errors and disturbances in the vehicle dynamics are bounded by an unknown constant. Numerical simulation studies are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Comparison of nonerythroid alpha-spectrin genes reveals strict homology among diverse species. (1988)

The spectrins are a family of widely distributed filamentous proteins. In association with actin, spectrins form a supporting and organizing scaffold for cell membranes. Using antibodies specific for human brain alpha-spectrin (alpha-fodrin), we have cloned a rat brain alpha-spectrin cDNA from an expression library. Several closely related human clones were also isolated by hybridization. Comparison of sequences of these and other overlapping nonerythroid and erythroid alpha-spectrin genes demonstrated that the nonerythroid genes are strictly conserved across species, while the mammalian erythroid genes have diverged rapidly. Peptide sequences deduced from these cDNAs revealed that the nonerythroid alpha-spectrin chain, like the erythroid spectrin, is composed of multiple 106-amino-acid repeating units, with the characteristic invariant tryptophan as well as other charged and hydrophobic residues in conserved locations. However, the carboxy-terminal sequence varies markedly from this internal repeat pattern and may represent a specialized functional site. The nonerythroid alpha-spectrin gene was mapped to human chromosome 9, in contrast to the erythroid alpha-spectrin gene, which has previously been assigned to a locus on chromosome 1.
A novel HDAC inhibitor OBP-801 and a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 synergistically induce apoptosis via the suppression of survivin and XIAP in renal cell carcinoma (2013)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is resistant to traditional cancer therapies such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The use of targeted therapies has improved the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic RCC. However, most patients acquire resistance against targeted therapies over time. We report that the combination of the novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor OBP-801, also known as YM753 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 synergistically inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in RCC cells. This combination activated caspase-3, -8 and -9 and the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk significantly reduced the apoptotic response to the treatment with OBP-801 and LY294002. Moreover, the combined treatment induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) blocked the intracellular ROS and apoptosis induced by OBP-801 and LY294002. The co-treatment with OBP-801 and LY294002 markedly decreased survivin and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) protein levels, but Bcl-2 family members were not altered by the OBP-801/LY294002 co-treatment. These alterations were restored by NAC treatment. The transient transfection of survivin and XIAP reduced the apoptotic response to the OBP-801/LY294002 co-treatment. Additionally, OBP-801 was significantly more effective than SAHA, another HDAC inhibitor, in the combination with LY294002 against 786-O cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest the combination of OBP-801 and LY294002 to be a promising treatment for RCC.
Antibody‐Capped Mesoporous Nanoscopic Materials: Design of a Probe for the Selective Chromo‐Fluorogenic Detection of Finasteride (2012)

The synthesis of capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) conjugated with an antibody (AB) as a gatekeeper has been carried out in order to obtain a delivery system able to release an entrapped cargo (dye) in the presence of a target molecule (antigen) to which the conjugated antibody binds selectively. In particular, MSN loaded with rhodamine B and functionalized on the external surface with a suitable derivative of N-(t-butyl)-3-oxo-(5α,17β)-4-aza-androst-1-ene-17-carboxamide (finasteride) have been prepared (S1). The addition of polyclonal antibodies against finasteride induced capping of the pores due to the interaction with the anchored hapten-like finasteride derivative to give a MSN-hapten-AB nanoparticle S1-AB. It was found that the addition of capped material S1-AB to water solutions containing finasteride resulted in displacement of the antibody, pore uncapping and entrapped-dye release. The response of the gated material is highly selective, and only finasteride, among other steroids, was able to induce a significant uncapping process. Compared with finasteride, the finasteride metabolite was able to release 17 % of the dye, whereas the exogen steroids testosterone, metenolone and 16-β-hydroxystanozolol only induced very little release of rhodamine B (lower than 10 %) from aqueous suspensions containing sensing solid S1-AB. A detection limit as low as 20 ppb was found for the fluorimetric detection of finasteride. In order to evaluate a possible application of the material for label-free detection of finasteride, the capped material was isolated and stored to give final sensing solid S1-AB-i. It was found to display a similar behavior towards finasteride as to that shown by freshly prepared S1-AB; even after a period of two months, no significant loss of selectivity or sensitivity was noted. Moreover, to study the application for the detection of finasteride in biological samples, this "aged" material, S1-AB-i, was tested using commercially available blank urine as matrix. Samples containing 70 and 90 % blank urine were spiked with a defined amount of finasteride, and the concentration was determined using capped S1-AB-i. Recovery ranges from 94 % to 118 % were reached.
The body emblazoned (1997)

by Jonathan Sawday. 327 pp., London and New York: Routledge, 1995. £35.
External-cavity laser design (1984)

External cavity stabilized semiconductor lasers using laser cavities <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lsim 200 \mu</tex> m and etalon cavities between 50 and 200 μm appear suitable for single-longitudinal-mode sources in high data rate fiber communication systems. The design of cavity lengths, losses, and mirror reflectivities are considered for optimum device performance. Using obtainable parameters, it appears possible to provide a sufficient overdesign to allow reasonable changes in optical path lengths and temperature without loss of the required spurious mode suppression.