gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARDA: Automatic Relational Data Augmentation for Machine Learning (2020)

Automatic machine learning (\AML) is a family of techniques to automate the process of training predictive models, aiming to both improve performance and make machine learning more accessible. While many recent works have focused on aspects of the machine learning pipeline like model selection, hyperparameter tuning, and feature selection, relatively few works have focused on automatic data augmentation. Automatic data augmentation involves finding new features relevant to the user's predictive task with minimal ``human-in-the-loop'' involvement. We present \system, an end-to-end system that takes as input a dataset and a data repository, and outputs an augmented data set such that training a predictive model on this augmented dataset results in improved performance. Our system has two distinct components: (1) a framework to search and join data with the input data, based on various attributes of the input, and (2) an efficient feature selection algorithm that prunes out noisy or irrelevant features from the resulting join. We perform an extensive empirical evaluation of different system components and benchmark our feature selection algorithm on real-world datasets.
Influence of Aloe vera on collagen turnover in healing of dermal wounds in rats. (1998)

Treatment of full-thickness wounds with A. vera, on rats resulted in increased biosynthesis of collagen and its degradation. A corresponding increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was also observed. Elevated levels of lysyl oxidase also indicated increased crosslinking of newly synthesised collagen. The results suggest that A. vera influences the wound healing process by enhancing collagen turnover in the wound tissue.
Failure dependent performance analysis of a fault-tolerant multistage interconnection network (1989)

To provide fault tolerance and improve system reliability and performance, a class of fault-tolerant multistage interconnection networks, called augmented shuffle-exchange networks (ASENs) has been proposed. ASENs are gracefully degradable; although an individual component failure reduces ASEN performance, it does not cause a total network failure. The purpose of this work is to analyze how these component failures affect ASEN performance. A key step in performance and reliability modeling is the choice of an appropriate metric for analysis. Because network bandwidth can be an inadequate performance measure when fault are present. The authors consider other network performance measures, including the interreference time distribution for individual outputs (memories).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and antiviral/antitumor activities of certain pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-selone nucleosides and related compounds (1984)

Several pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-selone ribonucleosides were prepared as potential antiparasitic agents. Treatment of 4-chloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine (5a) with selenourea and subsequent deacetylation gave 1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine-4(5H)-selone (6a). A similar treatment of 3-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine (5b) with selenurea, followed by debenzoylation, gave the 3-bromo derivative of 6a (6b). Glycosylation of persilylated 4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine (7) with tetra-O-acetylribofuranose (8) provided the key intermediate 4-chloro-6-methyl-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (9). Ammonolysis of 9 gave 4-amino-6-methyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (10), whereas treatment with sodium hydroxide gave 6-methylallopurinol ribonucleoside (11a). Reaction of 9 with either thiourea or selenourea, followed by deacetylation, provided 6-methylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione ribonucleoside (11c) and the corresponding seleno derivative (11d), respectively. The structural assignment of these nucleosides was made on the basis of spectral studies. These compounds were tested in vitro against certain viruses and tumor cells. All the compounds except 11c exhibited significant activity against HSV-2 in vitro, whereas 11c exhibited the most potent activity against measles and has a very low toxicity. Compounds 6a, 6b, and 11d were found to be potent inhibitors of growth of L1210 and P388 leukemia in vitro.
Improved mortality in gram-negative bacillary bacteremia (1985)

• From 1979 to 1982, the four years of this study, episodes of gram-negative bacillary bacteremia occurred in a 489-bed community teaching hospital—an increase of 15.9%. Mortality related to bacteremia was 19.4% overall and only 3.2% for the 158 episodes involving nonfatal underlying illnesses, lower figures than those reported in the past. The severity of underlying illnesses in bacteremic patients dominated all other clinical variables that were studied as prognostic factors for the outcome of the episode. The same bacteremia-related mortality was seen in patients who had empirically received (1) multiple-antibiotic regimens in which one or more drugs were active against the pathogenic organism(s), (2) either an appropriate aminoglycoside or βlactam antibiotic alone, or (3) both an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a β-lactam antibiotic active against the pathogenic organism(s). (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1985;145:1212-1216)
HMM Based Falling Person Detection Using Both Audio and Video (2006)

Automatic detection of a falling person in video is an important problem with applications in security and safety areas including supportive home environments and CCTV surveillance systems. Human motion in video is modeled using Hidden Markov Models (HMM) in this paper. In addition, the audio track of the video is also used to distinguish a person simply sitting on a floor from a person stumbling and falling. Most video recording systems have the capability of recording audio as well and the impact sound of a falling person is also available as an additional clue. Audio channel data based decision is also reached using HMMs and fused with results of HMMs modeling the video data to reach a final decision.
Analysis of X.500 distributed directory refresh strategies (1991)

Refresh strategies for distributed database directories, commonly recommended for the X.500 standard, are defined and analytically modeled for variations on push/pull and total/differential options under ideal asynchronous control conditions. The models are implemented in a HyperCard-based tool called DirMod (Directory Model). Experimental test results show an important elapsed time/performance trade-off among the different strategies, and test data contribute to the verification of the models.
Nano-sized TiN on carbon black as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction prepared using an mpg-C3N4 template (2010)

The direct synthesis of TiN nanoparticles on carbon black (CB) was achieved using an mpg-C(3)N(4)/CB composite as a template. The obtained TiN/CB composites ensured improved contact between TiN and CB, functioning as an efficient cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The preparation procedure developed in this study is applicable for the synthesis of a variety of supported nano-nitride catalysts.
Real-Time Visual Tracking Using a New Weight Distribution (2011)

This paper presents a real-time visual tracking algorithm which uses a new weight distribution for color space. Firstly, first-order Kalman filter model is introduced to update video backgrounds and obtain the targets. HSV color space is used to measure the similarity between the supposed targets and match targets. In this process, a weighting function based on pixel confidence and pixel position is proposed to weigh the pixel values in the rectangle area of tracking. The experimental results show that the algorithm is robust to scale invariant, partial occlusion and interactions of non-rigid objects, especially similar objects. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and it can satisfy the real-time requirements for visual tracking.
1α,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D<sub>3</sub> stimulation of bronchial smooth muscle cells induces autocrine, contractility, and remodeling processes (2007)

Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene were recently associated with asthma. The biological mechanisms explaining this association are unknown but are likely to involve many cell types given the pleiotropic effect of its ligand, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3]. Considering the prominent role of bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) in the pathogenesis of asthma, experiments were conducted to explore the gene regulatory effects of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in these cells. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, we showed that VDR is present both at the mRNA transcript and protein levels in human BSMCs. The functionality of the receptor was then demonstrated by showing a >200-fold change in the expression of the 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) gene following 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 stimulation. Microarray experiments were then performed to identify differentially regulated genes and pathways in BMSCs treated or not with 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. A total of 729 probe sets on the U133 plus 2.0 Affymetrix GeneChip showed fold-change differences above the 1.5 threshold using the Robust Multichip Average intensities. This corresponds to 231 unique genes that were upregulated and 215 unique genes that were down-regulated following 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 stimulation. A high similarity between microarray and real-time PCR results was observed for 13 random genes, with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.91. Real-time PCR was also performed to confirm the regulation of asthma candidate genes. To identify the biological relevance of this regulation, biological pathways analyses were performed. The most significant network of upregulated genes included genes involved in morphogenesis, cell growth, and survival as well as genes encoding structural proteins, which are potentially involved in airway remodeling.
Analysis and Design of a 2.9-mW 53.4–79.4-GHz Frequency-Tracking Injection-Locked Frequency Divider in 65-nm CMOS (2013)

A frequency-tracking technique is proposed to enhance the locking range of millimeter-wave (mmW) injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs). An improved model is introduced for direct-injection ILFDs, based on which both the phase and gain conditions are analyzed and discussed. Moreover, a method of admittance locus is applied to obtain the design intuition for optimization and to predict the locking range accurately. Finally, with the proposed model and design methodology, a frequency-tracking ILFD is designed and fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, which measures a locking range of 39.2% from 53.4 to 79.4 GHz while consuming 2.9 mW from an 0.8-V power supply, which corresponds to an FoM of 8.97 GHz/mW.
Neuronal pp60 <sup> c- <i>src</i> </sup> Contains a Six-Amino Acid Insertion Relative to Its Non-Neuronal Counterpart (1987)

Neuronal cells express a pp60c-src variant that displays an altered electrophoretic mobility and a different V8 peptide pattern relative to pp60c-src expressed in tissues of non-neuronal origin. To determine whether the neuronal form of pp60c-src is encoded by a brain-specific messenger RNA, a mouse brain complementary DNA (cDNA) library was screened with a chicken c-src probe and a 3.8-kilobase c-src cDNA clone was isolated. This clone encodes a 60-kilodalton protein that differs from chicken or human pp60c-src primarily in having six extra amino acids (Arg-Lys-Val-Asp-Val-Arg) within the NH2-terminal 16 kilodaltons of the molecule. S1 nuclease protection analysis confirmed that brain c-src RNA contains an 18-nucleotide insertion at the position of the extra six amino acids. This insertion occurs at a position that corresponds to a splice junction in the chicken and human c-src genes. The isolated c-src cDNA clone encodes a protein that displays an identical V8 peptide pattern to that observed in pp60c-src isolated from tissues of neuronal origin.
Conduction Block in One-Dimensional Heart Fibers (2002)

We present a nonlinear dynamical systems analysis of the transition to conduction block in one-dimensional cardiac fibers. We study a simple model of wave propagation in heart tissue that depends only on the recovery of action potential duration and conduction velocity. If the recovery function has slope $\ensuremath{\ge}1$ and the velocity recovery function is nonconstant, rapid activation causes dynamical heterogeneity and finally conduction block away from the activation site. This dynamical mechanism may play a role in the initiation and breakup of spiral waves in excitable media.
Bowel bacterial overgrowth as another cause of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients. (2010)

Bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BBOS) is an important cause of gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities. Proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) are excessively produced and accumulate because of kidney failure in dialysis patients who experience chronic infections such as BBOS. We explored the association between GL function, BBOS, and the malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome. We studied GI malabsorption and maldigestion by analyzing fecal starch, sugar, fat, and nitrogen; intestinal protein permeability (alpha1-antitrypsin fecal clearance); and fecal chymotrypsin. We evaluated BBOS by breath hydrogen test (BHT) after a 3-day fat-and-carbohydrate-overload diet. Positive BHT was present in 10 patients, showing a high prevalence of GI macronutrient malabsorption and maldigestion, and compared with the other patients, the highest plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 and lower levels of albumin and prealbumin. Those 10 patients were treated with a combination of several antibiotics, including neomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and quinolones. Between 2 and 3 months later, the BHT, markers of nutrition, and PIC were re-tested. All treated patients showed an improvement in nutrition status and a lesser inflammatory pattern. The BBOS infectious process is found frequently in dialysis patients in association with GI malabsorption and maldigestion, malnutrition, and systemic inflammation. Hyperproduction of PIC because of BBOS induces MIA through a double pathway: GI disorders and deleterious systemic effects.
DIRECTED GROWTH OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (2002)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition at 900°C using methane. Application of an electric field (0.4 V/μm) in situ during the growth process results in directed growth of SWNTs on a horizontal plane bridging a distance as long as 25 μm. This approach is useful in the fabrication of nanotube based transistors.
Thermo-responsive gels that absorb moisture and ooze water (2018)

The water content of thermo-responsive hydrogels can be drastically altered by small changes in temperature because their polymer chains change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic above their low critical solution temperature (LCST). In general, such smart hydrogels have been utilized in aqueous solutions or in their wet state, and no attempt has been made to determine the phase-transition behavior of the gels in their dried states. Here we demonstrate an application of the thermo-responsive behavior of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) gel comprising thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and hydrophilic sodium alginate networks in their dried states. The dried IPN gel absorbs considerable moisture from air at temperatures below its LCST and oozes the absorbed moisture as liquid water above its LCST. These phenomena provide energy exchange systems in which moisture from air can be condensed to liquid water using the controllable hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of thermo-responsive gels with a small temperature change.
Synthesis of <scp>L</scp>-Ascorbic Acid and Its 2-Phosphate and 2-Sulfate Esters and Its Role in the Browning of Orange Juice Concentrate (1993)

The nutritional and health importance, synthesis, stability, and applications of L-ascorbic acid and its derivatives are reviewed. Syntheses and stabilities of the 2-sulfate and 2-phosphate esters of L-ascorbate are described, but only the 2-phosphate ester seems to possess vitamin C activity. L-Ascorbic acid is shown to contribute to the nonenzymatic browning of orange juice concentrate. The oxidative and anaerobic degradation of L-ascorbic acid may be its critical role in this respect.
Hip arthroscopy: current concepts and review of literature (2006)

Diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular hip problems in young patients present a challenge to hip surgeons. Previous studies have shown that non-invasive investigations such as radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide limited help. Non-operative treatment is likely to result in persistent symptoms, and surgical options for intra-articular hip problems involve open arthrotomy of the hip joint, which carries potential risks associated with joint dislocation. Arthroscopy of the hip joint, therefore, seems to be an attractive option. It was once thought that introduction of a straight arthroscope into the ball-and-socket hip joint was almost impossible. Hip arthroscopy has seen several advances since then, and the speed at which it developed in recent years directly corresponded to the rate at which the conditions affecting the hip joint were identified. Athletes and other young individuals with hip injuries are increasingly being diagnosed with an ever evolving series of conditions. Many of these conditions were previously unrecognised and thus left untreated, resulting in premature ends to the patients' competitive careers. Hip arthroscopy, as with any procedure, is not without risks. The procedure is not widely available as it requires specialist equipment and takes a long time to learn. Complications are few, occurring in <5% of patients.
Aortic Arteriosclerosis in the Dog After Localized Aortic Irradiation with Electrons (1962)

The distal segments of the abdominal aortas of 15 dogs were irradiated with electrons in doses ranging from 1,000 to 9,500 rads and were examined histologically at intervals ranging from 2 weeks to 17 months following irradiation. Pronounced aortic arteriosclerosis developed and was sharply localized to the aortic segment irradiated. Except in one dog, radiation-induced arteriosclerosis was more pronounced on the dorsal than on the ventral aortic wall. There was no evidence that severity of aortic arteriosclerosis was related to the dose of irradiation or was increased with time following irradiation. The development of arteriosclerotic lesions of the aorta induced by electron irradiation was similar to that observed after x-irradiation and to that occurring naturally in old dogs. It is suggested that electron irradiation may have caused selective injury of the internal elastic lamina, which was then followed by intimal fibrous proliferation and formation of intimal plaques.
MEDRIS: the hypermedia approach to medical record input-software engineering techniques for developing a hypermedia system (2002)

A medical record input system (MEDRIS) that makes use of hypermedia technology to provide a clinical tool for physicians to input patient data in a simple manner is described. The design of MEDRIS focuses on providing a natural working environment for the physicians. Physicians can easily learn to use MEDRIS since it eliminates the use of command-level entries and special function keys. MEDRIS comprises the following modules: history (chief complaints, review of systems, family history, etc), physical examination, laboratory, and medication. The chief complaint and the physical examination modules are discussed in detail. The software techniques adopted in building this system are explained. MEDRIS produces an immediate report of the data entered and an encounter file containing all the patient data collected during the current visit, which is added to the portable patient file.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural modification of anatoxin-a. Synthesis of model affinity ligands for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1991)

N. J. S. Huby, P. Thompson, S. Wonnacott and T. Gallagher, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 243 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000243
Chemotherapy followed by anti-CD137 mAb immunotherapy improves disease control in a mouse myeloma model (2019)

Immunotherapy holds promise for multiple myeloma (MM) patients but little is known about how MM-induced immunosuppression influences response to therapy. Here, we investigated the impact of disease progression on immunotherapy efficacy in the Vk*MYC mouse model. Treatment with agonistic anti-CD137 (4-1BB) mAbs efficiently protected mice when administered early but failed to contain MM growth when delayed more than three weeks after Vk*MYC tumor cell challenge. The quality of CD8+ T cell response to CD137 stimulation was not altered by the presence of MM, but CD8+ T cell numbers were profoundly reduced at the time of treatment. Our data suggest that an insufficient ratio of CD8+ T cells over MM cells (CD8/MM) accounts for the loss of anti-CD137 mAb efficacy. We established serum M-protein levels prior to therapy as a predictive factor of response. Moreover, we developed an in silico model to capture the dynamic interactions between CD8+ T cells and MM cells. Finally, we explored two methods to improve the CD8/MM ratio: anti-CD137 mAb immunotherapy combined with Treg-depletion or administered after chemotherapy treatment with cyclophosphamide or melphalan efficiently reduced MM burden and prolonged survival. Altogether, our data indicate that consolidation treatment with anti-CD137 mAbs might prevent MM relapse.
Stochastic Variance Reduction for Policy Gradient Estimation (2017)

Recent advances in policy gradient methods and deep learning have demonstrated their applicability for complex reinforcement learning problems. However, the variance of the performance gradient estimates obtained from the simulation is often excessive, leading to poor sample efficiency. In this paper, we apply the stochastic variance reduced gradient descent (SVRG) to model-free policy gradient to significantly improve the sample-efficiency. The SVRG estimation is incorporated into a trust-region Newton conjugate gradient framework for the policy optimization. On several Mujoco tasks, our method achieves significantly better performance compared to the state-of-the-art model-free policy gradient methods in robotic continuous control such as trust region policy optimization (TRPO)