gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allelic Variation and Segregation in <i>Morchella Deliciosa</i> and <i>M. Esculenta</i> (1987)

Electrophoretic data were obtained for single ascospore isolates of Morchella deliciosa from individual ascocarps. The loci studied exhibited allelic differences between ascospore isolates, indicating that genes from different paternal genomes exist in individual offspring from a single ascocarp. Less genetic variation was found in M. esculenta but ascospore isolates from individual ascocarps also exhibited allelic differences. The occurrence of only two electrophoretic types was observed among the six isolates and may indicate the existence of linkage or pseudolinkage. The presence of polymorphisms, the possibility of mating types and production of ascospores indicate that M. deliciosa and M. esculenta exist as Mendelian populations. The occurrence of gene exchange among sexually reproducing individuals enables a biological basis for determining taxa. Our data also indicate that local populations of M. deliciosa and M. esculenta can be reproductively isolated and exist as separate gene pools.
The role of user-driven security in data loss prevention (2011)

The atmosphere was tense. Silence fell over the room. The keynote speaker strode confidently to the podium. Delegates from national governments, security agencies and other bodies from all over the world had come expecting something special. But even the most seasoned veterans got more than they bargained for. The event was the annual Black Hat security conference in the US. The year was 2009. And the speaker was Douglas Merrill, Google's former CIO and VP of engineering. The main point of his talk that day? Give end users more control of enterprise IT security and things will get more secure, not less so. Typically, some 90% of data loss incidents are accidental, not malicious. They continue to happen despite the use of Data Loss Prevention (DLP) technology by the organisations affected. However, out of all the IT security solutions deployed, DLP is arguably the most suitable for a user-driven approach. Many current DLP solutions rely entirely on automation at a central gateway to determine whether information may or may not be sent outside the organisation. While it may seem at first counterintuitive, involving end users in the process can dramatically improve the effectiveness of DLP schemes. At the same time it helps engender security awareness among staff and educates them in security policies, explains Stephane Charbonneau of Titus.
Generation of 6-alkylidene/benzylidene-3,6-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)ones by reaction of 6-bromomethylpyrazin-2(1H)-ones with methoxide and further conversion into specific piperazine-2,5-diones and pyrazin-2(1H)-ones (1996)

3-Aryl-, 3-benzyl- and 3-methoxy-6-(1-bromoalkyl/benzyl)-5-chloropyrazin-2(1H)-ones 6 have been synthesised and converted into new 6-alkylidene/benzylidene-5-chloro-3,6-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones 7 by reaction with methoxide in THF. With 2 equiv. of alkoxide the corresponding 5-alkoxy derivatives 8 were obtained. Reaction of compounds of type 6, 7 or 8 with various nucleophiles generated 3,6-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones, piperazine-2,5-diones and pyrazin-2(1H)-ones.
Efficient Multiscale Modeling of Progressive Failure in Composite Laminates (2008)

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of combining adaptive kinematics and multiscale constitutive relations to reduce the computational effort of finite element modeling of progressive failure in fiber-reinforced composite laminates. In the present context, adaptive kinematics refers to the selective use of different types of macroscopic laminate models for different regions of the computational domain, based on the solution complexity within each region. The various macroscopic laminate models can be distinguished by the manner in which the displacement field is assumed to vary through the thickness of the laminate. In the present study, kinematic adaptivity is made possible through the use of variable-kinematic finite elements (VKFE) that are developed by hierarchically combining two or more types of assumed displacement fields in a single finite element domain. The hierarchical data structure of the VKFE greatly simplifies the process of connecting elements that represent different types of laminate theories, thus facilitating adaptive analysis. The adaptive kinematic concept is demonstrated for a simply supported cross-ply laminate that is loaded to failure via a uniform distributed transverse load. The results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate that the use of adaptive kinematics can significantly reduce the overall computational effort of progressive failure solutions without compromising solution accuracy.
1113. Derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Part VII. Further 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives (1963)

F. P. Doyle, J. C. Hanson, A. A. W. Long and J. H. C. Nayler, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 5845 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630005845
A ranking approach to stress prediction for letter-to-phoneme conversion (2009)

Correct stress placement is important in text-to-speech systems, in terms of both the overall accuracy and the naturalness of pronunciation. In this paper, we formulate stress assignment as a sequence prediction problem. We represent words as sequences of substrings, and use the substrings as features in a Support Vector Machine (SVM) ranker, which is trained to rank possible stress patterns. The ranking approach facilitates inclusion of arbitrary features over both the input sequence and output stress pattern. Our system advances the current state-of-the-art, predicting primary stress in English, German, and Dutch with up to 98% word accuracy on phonemes, and 96% on letters. The system is also highly accurate in predicting secondary stress. Finally, when applied in tandem with an L2P system, it substantially reduces the word error rate when predicting both phonemes and stress.
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel (5RS,6S)-5-sec-butyl-3-(1-substitutedamino)ethylidene -1H-pyrrolidine-2,4-diones (2010)

A series of novel tetramic acid derivatives, 5-sec-butyl-3-(1-substitutedamino)ethylidene-1Hpyrrolidine-2,4-diones 5a-y were synthesized by reaction with aryl amines or alkyl amines under reflux. Each title compound was formed as (5S,6S) and (5R,6S) C-5 epimers, and the structure of 5l was proved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Our preliminary bioassay results show the title compounds to exhibit some herbicidal activities and better antifungal activities than the leading compound tenuazonic acid at 100 mg L -1 in vitro, and the compound 5u displayed excellent herbicidal activity and antifungal activity.
Silver Nanoparticles Inhibit Hepatitis B virus Replication (2008)

Silver nanoparticles could inhibit the in vitro production of HBV RNA and extracellular virions. We hypothesize that the direct interaction between these nanoparticles and HBV double-stranded DNA or viral particles is responsible for their antiviral mechanism.
Multi-wavelength source using low drive-voltage amplitude modulators for optical communications (2007)

A simple and cost-effective technique for generating a flat, square-shaped multi-wavelength optical comb with 42.6 GHz line spacing and over 0.5 THz of total bandwidth is presented. A detailed theoretical analysis is presented, showing that using two concatenated modulators driven with voltages of 3.5 V(pi) are necessary to generate 11 comb lines with a flatness below 2dB. This performance is experimentally demonstrated using two cascaded Versawave 40 Gbit/s low drive voltage electro-optic polarisation modulators, where an 11 channel optical comb with a flatness of 1.9 dB and a side-mode-suppression ratio (SMSR) of 12.6 dB was obtained.
The widespread occurrence and tissue distribution of the imidazolopyrazine luciferins (1997)

Bioluminescence has been reported to occur in 17 phyla and at least 700 genera. However, the luciferin chemistry of the majority of luminous organisms has yet to be determined. The most common chemistry which is known to occur in deep sea bioluminescence is imidazolopyrazine bioluminescence. The main aim of this study was to examine the phyletic and tissue distribution of imidazolopyrazine luciferins. This will facilitate analysis of imidazolopyrazine bioluminescence at the cellular and molecular levels and, in particular, how and when its chemistry is controlled and expressed in vivo. Assays for both known imidazolopyrazines were established and a range of fresh organisms and tissue were analysed, i.e. fish, cephalopods, copepods, ostracods, amphipods and euphausiids. The main findings were that the number of genera in which coelenterazine has been detected has been increased from 52 to about 90. Also, for the first time, the other known imidazolopyrazine luciferin, Vargula-type luciferin, was quantified in the ostracod Cypridina dentata, but was not detected in any of its potential predators. Neither imidazolopyrazine luciferin was found in several luminous stomiiform fish assayed. Coelenterazine was measured in the livers and photophores of a number of cephalopods and it is apparent that coelenterazine is responsible for both modes of luminescence.
Forward delay protection of time-critical traffic in ATM networks with FEC (2002)

Forward error correction (FEC) has been proposed for packet networks as an end-to-end method to protect against packet loss due to, for example, buffer overflows. The performance of FEC schemes has been investigated thoroughly in a number of studies, particularly in the context of ATM networks. The present author observes that if FEC is used in an ATM network environment for loss protection, then it may also be used simultaneously to reduce the probability that a cell is delayed excessively due to prevailing traffic conditions. This additional feature can be useful in time-critical applications, such as real-time data delivery, packet video, or synchronized multimedia object presentations, where there are time-deadlines to be met. Cells that fail to arrive at an end-system by the required deadline are treated as "virtual" erasures and reconstructed using FEC as if they had been lost. The effectiveness of FEC in reconstructing late cells is evaluated by simulating an ATM cell multiplexer with input streams consisting of variable bit rate packet video, fixed rate packet video, and background time-insensitive bursty data traffic. The FEC mechanism is found to be useful in reducing delay jitter and the probability of late cell arrival. It is also found to be useful in the combined purpose of reducing late cells and lost cells.
Linear variable differential transformer sensor using Fe-rich amorphous wires as an active core (2000)

Results concerning linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) displacement measurements using Fe77.5Si7.5B15 amorphous wires as movable core are presented. Taking advantage of the large Barkhausen (LBE) effect in amorphous wire, a small exciting field and a small number of windings in the secondary coils are necessary to get an large output signal of the LVDT. The thermal noise of the output becomes low, due to the small number of coil turns, increasing thus the sensitivity of the LVDT. The results obtained show a linear dependence of the LVDT response on the displacement of the moving core for displacements up to about 14 mm, with accuracy of 1 μm.
Sequence Variation in <i>Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Serine Protease Gene</i>, Low LDL Cholesterol, and Cancer Incidence (2007)

Some prospective epidemiologic studies have suggested that a low plasma cholesterol level may be associated with increased risk of cancer. Certain sequence variants in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease gene (PCSK9) are associated with lifelong low total and LDL cholesterol. We therefore analyzed the association of PCSK9 variation with incidence of cancer between 1987 and 2000 in a prospective study (n=13,250). The frequency of the PCSK9 variants studied was 2.4% in blacks and 3.2% in whites. Neither was associated with increased cancer incidence: age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.66 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.31-1.39] in blacks and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.54-1.09) in whites. Low baseline total or LDL cholesterol levels in 1987 to 1989 were also not statistically significantly associated with incident cancer: multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for the lowest compared with the highest quartiles of LDL cholesterol were 1.05 (95% CI, 0.78-1.40) in blacks and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.36) in whites. These data suggest that a lifelong low cholesterol concentration, as reflected by these PCSK9 variants, does not increase risk of cancer.
A methodology for image quality evaluation of advanced CT systems (2013)

Phantom and image quality analysis software were created for assessing CT image quality over a range of contrasts, doses, and body sizes. The testing platform enabled robust NPS, TTF, HU, and pixel noise measurements as a function of body size capable of characterizing the performance of reconstruction algorithms and tube current modulation techniques.
Differential optical ring modulator: Breaking the bandwidth/quality-factor trade-off (2015)

We present a differential ring modulator that breaks the optical bandwidth/quality factor trade-off known to limit the speed of high-Q ring modulators. This structure maintains a constant energy in the ring to avoid pattern-dependent power droop.
Tumor mitotic rate is a more powerful prognostic indicator than ulceration in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (2003)

TMR is an important independent predictor of survival for melanoma patients. If confirmed by studies from other centers, it has the potential to further improve the accuracy of melanoma staging, as well as to define more rigidly the risk categories for patients entering clinical trials.
Anthracycline cardiomyopathy in childrenReport of two cases (1979)

Two children with leukemia are presented, each demonstrating an unusual aspect of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. In the first patient (a 7-monthold female with acute monocytic leukemia) extremely young age and previous chemotherapy with a podophyllotoxin derivative, VP-16, may have predisposed the patient to fatal congestive heart failure at a total Daunorubicin dose of only 225 mg/m2. In the second patient, a delay of 41/2 years was not sufficient in preventing congestive heart failure resulting from the administration of additional anthracycline chemotherapy. We conclude that extremely young age and, possibly, prior therapy with VP-16 may be additional risk factors in the development of anthracycline cardiomyopathy. Also, we suggest that once an anthracycline agent has reached a toxic threshold for the myocardium, the heart may always be at risk to injury from additional Adriamycin or Daunorubicin therapy.
Improvement of Recorded Holographic Fringes By Feedback Control (1967)

A feedback control system has been designed to stabilize the position of interference fringes, particularly those which occur in holography. The result of closed loop operation of the system is that rather severe phase perturbations may occur in either of the beams, and yet be compensated for such that the fringes in the holographic recording medium are essentially stabilized. This paper discusses the design and analysis of an experimental model and its performance for phase perturbations due to acoustic and mechanical vibration, thermal drift, large perturbations, warm air turbulence, and small doppler shifts. The authors then speculate that more advanced designs may stabilize interference fringes even with larger phase perturbations such as large doppler shifts, optical frequency differences, motion of the scene, and holographic interferometry.
Regional Blood Flow of the Cerebral Cortex Determined by Krypton<sup>85</sup> (1962)

Abstract A new method for determining regional blood flow in tissue by means of the inert radioactive gas Krypton 85 is presented. The method has been applied on the exposed cerebral cortex of anesthetized rabbits, cats and dogs. The radioisotope Kr 85 , a weak beta emitter, was dissolved in saline which was then injected into the carotid artery of the hemisphere to be studied. The rapid uptake and slower clearance of the isotope was recorded from a small area of the exposed cortical surface, about 1 mm in depth. The theory of analyzing the clearance curves and of calculating the average regional cortical blood flow in ml per gram per minute is described. The method requires constant blood flow in the tissue during the measurement (about 5 min). It may, however, to some extent be used for studies of acute changes in perfusion. It is also possible to use it in a continuous fashion. It has been possible to confirm and to study in quantitative terms the correlation between arterial carbon dioxide tension or cortical functional activity, and the regional cortical blood flow. The method is simple to use and permits repeated measurements in the same experiment with minimal interference with the functional activity of the brain. The method may readily be adapted for studies in man
Asyammetric gate oxide thickness technology for reduction of Gate Induced Drain Leakage current in nanoscale single gate SOI MOSFET (2008)

Gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current is one of the main leakage current components in silicon on insulator (SOI) MOSFET structures and plays an important role in data retention time of DRAM cells. GIDL can dominate the drain leakage current at zero bias and will limit the scalability of the structure for low power applications. In this paper we propose a novel technique for reducing GIDL and hence off-state current in the nanoscale single gate SOI MOSFET structure. The proposed structure employs an asymmetric gate oxide thickness which can reduce GIDL current. There is 98% reduction in I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> value in comparison with the symmetric gate oxide thickness structure, without sacrificing driving current and losing gate control over the channel. This technique is very simple in fabrication point of view in CMOS technology.
Use of Genetic and Nongenetic Factors in Warfarin Dosing Algorithms (2007)

Despite the fact that warfarin has been used as an anticoagulant for many years, the safety profile for this drug has been poor. Inappropriate dosing continues to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality due to thrombotic disease and bleeding. Therefore, there is a need for the development, characterization and implementation of dosing algorithms using a patient's demographic information and genotype. Recently, polymorphisms in two genes, cytochrome P450 2C9 and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1, have been shown to affect warfarin's pharmacogenomics and pharmacodynamics, respectively. Adding genotypes to a dosing algorithm may enable better prediction of initial warfarin dosing than use of demographic data alone. An advisory committee of the US FDA voted on November 14, 2005, to require manufacturers of warfarin to relabel their product, indicating that genotyping is recommended prior to drug administration. The exact date when this recommendation will be enacted remains to be determined. Successful implementation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice requires genotyping results that can be translated directly into clinical decisions. The development of a warfarin dosing algorithm that includes genotyping may be the means to achieve this goal.
Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymers Containing Two Types of <i>β</i>‐Cyclodextrin Segments: Synthesis and Properties (2009)

Abstract Amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers carrying two types of β ‐cyclodextrin groups including ionic and covalent bonding were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization and immobilization reaction. Their inclusion capabilities for single or double‐guest molecules were investigated by UV‐visible spectroscopy. Using Chlorambucil and Lonidamine as the double model drugs, their encapsulation efficiencies indicate that these polymers possess the capabilities of high drug‐loading. Furthermore, the release behaviors of these polymers were studied via UV‐visible spectroscopy. The results indicate that they can slow the release rate of double model drugs. Varying the pH values of environment or regulating their shell layer structures can control the release behaviors of double model drugs. magnified image
Characterization of a Family GH5 Xylanase with Activity on Neutral Oligosaccharides and Evaluation as a Pulp Bleaching Aid (2010)

A new bacterial xylanase belonging to family 5 of glycosyl hydrolases was identified and characterized. The xylanase, Xyn5B from Bacillus sp. strain BP-7, was active on neutral, nonsubstituted xylooligosaccharides, showing a clear difference from other GH5 xylanases characterized to date that show a requirement for methyl-glucuronic acid side chains for catalysis. The enzyme was evaluated on Eucalyptus kraft pulp, showing its effectiveness as a bleaching aid.
Surface-Controlled Deposition of Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films by Atomic Layer Epitaxy Using β-Diketonate and Organometallic Precursors (2001)

Scandium oxide thin film deposition by atomic layer epitaxy was studied at 175−500 °C using Sc(thd)3 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione) and (C5H5)3Sc as scandium precursors. A constant deposition rate of 0.125 Å (cycle)-1 was observed at 335−375 °C on Si(100) and soda lime glass substrates with Sc(thd)3 and O3. The use of H2O2 as an additional oxidizer slightly increased the deposition rate to 0.14 Å (cycle)-1. When (C5H5)3Sc and H2O were used as precursors, the growth rate of Sc2O3 was significantly higher, viz., 0.75 Å (cycle)-1 at 250−350 °C. The effects of growth parameters such as reactant pulsing times were investigated in detail to confirm the surface-controlled growth mechanism. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the films were characterized by XRD and AFM, while ion-beam analysis (time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis) was used to determine the stoichiometry and impurity levels. Crystalline thin films with (111) as the dominant orientation were obtained on Si(100) when depositions were carried out at 300 °C or above from Sc(thd)3 and O3 precursors, while films deposited from (C5H5)3Sc and H2O were polycrystalline regardless of the deposition temperature. When films were deposited at 300 °C onto Si(100), the preferred orientation changed from (111) to (100) when the film thickness exceeded 200 nm. Films were stoichiometric when deposited from Sc(thd)3/O3 below 450 °C or from (C5H5)3Sc/H2O at 250 °C or above. When the films were deposited from Sc(thd)3/O3, the carbon content was below 0.1 atom % regardless of the deposition temperature, whereas the hydrogen content decreased to below 0.1 atom % when the deposition temperature was increased to 375 °C. The C and H contents of the films, deposited from (C5H5)3Sc/H2O at 300−400 °C, were around 0.1 and 0.5−0.3 atom %, respectively.
Ultrasonic Data Transmission via Wireless USB Technology (2010)

For high-speed data acquisition and real-time transmission and processing requirements of ultrasonic measurement system, a wireless USB-based ultrasonic data transmission method was presented, combining wireless communication technology with the advantages of USB interface technology. The system consists of ultrasonic signal acquisition module, data transmission module, data acquisition module and the computer. The system uses Cypress Semiconductor's PSoC CYRF69213 chip for wireless data transmission and the chip microcomputer inside as the main control unit. This chip recorded data to the computer and displayed through USB interface. The system is a single-chip USB interface design with very few external components. The system has an USB interface advantages such supporting hot-swappable, plug and play features and the realization of wireless transmission of data without the need for layout of communications cables. The transmission system has good stability, small size, low power, high-performance features, which has a good application prospects.