gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linearized modulator for suboctave-bandpass optical analog links (1994)

The spurious-free dynamic range of a suboctave externally modulated optical analog link can be improved (to >140 dB Hz/sup 4/5/) with modest received optical power and little noise figure penalty by using a simple linearized modulator. Its design consists of two standard Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators in series, and so can operate at microwave frequencies. This paper develops standardized measures of linearized modulator performance, and uses them to evaluate the modulator; link examples are also given. A simple experiment verifies the basic theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Guided Learning of Pronunciation by Visualizing Tongue Articulation in Ultrasound Image Sequences (2018)

Ultrasound has been used as one of the primary technologies utilized widely for clinical diagnosis due to its affordability, non-invasive characteristic, portability, and its fast performance in acquisition. Recently, it started to be used as a visual feedback method for tongue articulation, thanks to its capacity of real-time visualization and video capture of underlying structures inside the mouth. When an Ultrasound transducer is placed along the mid-line under a chin, it shows the tongue motion in sagittal view while speaking. As it is still quite difficult to understand the structure in ultrasound images, we proposed a guided learning system for pronunciation by visualizing tongue articulation in Ultrasound image sequences. Video image registration technique has been employed to project sagittal section of tongue back to the corresponding position on the subject head. The proposed system targets speech therapy and foreign language pronunciation lessons. Two main technology components are (i) Ultrasound tongue image segmentation and tracking (ii) registration of Ultrasound image sequences on video of a subject during the speech. Our experiments on Chinese English learners revealed that the proposed system is capable of providing the beneficial improvement on English pronunciation.
Efficient architectures for computations over variable dimensional Galois fields (1998)

The complexity of many reliability and security schemes, when implemented in hardware, depends on arithmetic operations in the fields over which the computations are performed. In this paper, a multiplier for fields GF(2/sup m/), 1<m/spl les/M, is presented which allows us to vary the field dimension m without changing the hardware. The maximum dimension M that the multiplier can support is determined by the length of the registers and the width of the input arguments of the inner product module used in the multiplier. The proposed multiplier provides bit-serial and pipeline operations. It has a low circuit complexity, and hence it is suitable for applications where area is of prime concern. Using the multiplier, an architecture for multiplication-and-division of polynomials of GF(2/sup m/), 1<m/spl les/M, is also presented. As an application, an encoder for Reed-Solomon codes is presented where both the code rate and field dimension can be varied.
Low-voltage balanced transconductorwith high input common-mode rejection (1994)

A balanced transconductor architecture with a high input common-mode (CM) rejection and capable of operating with low supply voltage is proposed. The novel structure is based on a feedforward cancellation of the input CM signal, implemented with an additional transconductor sensitive only to CM signals. A BiCMOS circuit implementation of the structure is presented. Comparative simulations show that the proposed technique is competitive with the classical fully-differential architecture particularly at high frequency when the CMRR degrades.
Mitochondrial glutathione: Hepatocellular survival–death switch (2006)

Steatohepatitis represents an advanced stage of fatty liver disease that encompasses alcoholic (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis is poorly understood. One of the clues to this progression is the sensitization of hepatocytes to oxidative stress and cytokine-induced cell death. Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH), which plays a central role in the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, modulates the sensitivity to cell death pathways. Mitochondrial GSH depletion due to alcohol-mediated alteration in mitochondrial membrane dynamics underlies the susceptibility of hepatocytes from alcohol-fed models to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and in nutritional and genetic models of hepatic steatosis, mGSH depletion occurs due to the enrichment of mitochondria in free cholesterol, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity. The signaling of TNF through its membrane receptor TNFR1 from complex I to complex II is similar in hepatocytes depleted or not depleted in mGSH, yet hepatocellular susceptibility to TNF occurs if mGSH is depleted. Thus, mGSH is a critical factor in the development of steatohepatitis through sensitization of hepatocytes to inflammatory cytokines, and understanding the homeostasis of cholesterol and its trafficking to mitochondria may be of relevance in the pathophysiology of ASH and NASH.
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Presenting with Spontaneous Hydropneumothorax (2013)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an uncommon carcinoma. However, its incidence is increasing and is expected to peak in the UK in 2015. It most commonly presents with breathlessness, chest pain, and pleural effusion on chest radiography. Less commonly, it may present with a pneumothorax; however, spontaneous hydropneumothorax is rare. Where initial investigation and management have failed, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can be invaluable.
Regenerated hair cells can originate from supporting cell progeny: evidence from phototoxicity and laser ablation experiments in the lateral line system (1990)

The mechanisms that lead to the production of sensory hair cells during regeneration have been investigated by using 2 different procedures to ablate preexisting hair cells in individual neuromast sensory epithelia of the lateral line in the tails of salamanders, then monitoring the responses of surviving cells. In one series of experiments, fluorescent excitation was used to cause the phototoxic death of hair cells that selectively take up the pyridinium dye DASPEI. In the other experiments, the ultraviolet output of a pulsed neodymium-YAG laser was focused to a microbeam through a quartz objective lens in epi-illumination mode and used to selectively kill individual unlabeled hair cells while the cells were simultaneously imaged by transmitted light DIC microscopy. Through observation of the treated neuromasts in vivo, these experiments demonstrated that mature sensory epithelia that have been completely depleted of hair cells can still generate new hair cells. Preexisting hair cells are not necessary for regeneration. Immediately after the ablations the only resident cells in the sensory epithelia were supporting cells. These cells were observed to divide at rates that were increased over control values, and eventually those cell divisions gave rise to progeny that differentiated as hair cells, replacing those that had been killed. Macrophages were active in these epithelia, and their phagocytic activity had a significant influence on the standing population of cells. The first new hair cells appeared 3-5 d after the treatments, and additional hair cells usually appeared every 1-2 d for at least 2 weeks. We conclude that the fate of the progeny produced by supporting cell divisions is plastic to a degree, in that these progeny can differentiate either as supporting cells or as hair cells in epithelia where hair cells are missing or depleted.
Methods for improving image quality in whole body PET scanning (1992)

The authors discuss optimization of some of the scanning parameters for whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to achieve best possible image quality. The detection efficiency of the PET system can be improved by using more coincidence plane combinations in addition to the conventional direct and cross planes. The effect of acquiring an additional set of coincidence planes with a plane separation of +or-2 was studied and showed a reduction in noise and improved uniformity without a significant loss in resolution. The effect of different sampling schemes were also studied. Using a continuous sampling scheme by moving the bed in steps equal to half the plane separation resulted in better image uniformity and a reduction in noise in comparison with images acquired using the standard interleaved sampling mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Technetium-99m-MRP20, a potential brain perfusion agent: in vivo biodistribution and SPECT studies in non-primate animals. (1991)

MRP20 (N-(2(1H pyrolylmethyl]N'-(4-pentene-3-one-2] ethane-1,2-diamine) complexes with technetium-99m, yielding a neutral, lipophilic species. This compound has been characterized as [TcO(MRP20)]. Biologic investigation of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] in female rats showed 2.35% ID in the brain 30 min p.i. with no significant wash-out over 3 hr. A single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study in a dog demonstrated rapid tracer uptake in the brain, reaching a maximum within 1 min, with 2.24% i.d. 15 min p.i., decreasing to 1.7% after 4 hr. The complex undergoes hydrolysis in vitro forming a cationic species. This is possibly the trapping mechanism in the brain in vivo. The main excretory route of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] is via the hepatobiliary tract. There is evidence of some "in vivo" cell labeling and soft-tissue uptake.
Diaminopimelic acid decarboyxlase in cells and extracts of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Aerobacter aerogenes</i> (1954)

bis(dimethylamino)sebacic acid, NN'-diglycyldi- aminosuberic acid and NN'-diglycyldiaminosebacic acid were all readily soluble in water, but were less active than diaminosuberic acid. It is also possible that permeability considerations play an important part in the assimilation of these compounds. SUMMARY 1. Methods are described for the synthesis of six aoc'-diaminodicarboxylic acids, homologues of aoc'- diaaminopimelic acid.
Frequency‐dependent phase coherence for noise suppression in seismic array data (2007)

We introduce a coherence measure for seismic signal enhancement through incoherent noise attenuation. Our processing tool is designed for densely spaced arrays and identifies signals by their coherent appearance. The approach is based on the determination of the lateral phase coherence as function of distance, time, frequency, and slowness. The coherence is derived from the local phases of neighboring stations which we obtain from analytic signals through the S‐transform. The coherence is used to attenuate incoherent components in the time‐frequency representations of the seismic records. No waveforms are averaged in our approach to maintain local amplitude information. This way we construct a data‐adaptive filter which enhances coherent signals using the frequency‐dependent and slowness‐dependent phase coherence. We explain the method and show its abilities and limitations with theoretical test data. Furthermore, we have selected an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) record section from NW‐Spain and a teleseismic event registered at Spanish broadband stations to show the filter performance on real array data. Incoherent noise has been attenuated in all cases to enable a less ambiguous signal detection. In our last example, the filter also reveals weak conversions/reflections at the 410‐km and 660‐km discontinuities which are hardly visible in the unfiltered input data.
Endogenous Natriuretic Peptides Participate in Renal and Humoral Actions of Acute Vasopeptidase Inhibition in Experimental Mild Heart Failure (2001)

Mild heart failure is characterized by increases in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the absence of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Vasopeptidase (VP) inhibitors are novel molecules that coinhibit neutral endopeptidase 24.11, which degrades the natriuretic peptides (NPs) and ACE. In a well-characterized canine model of mild heart failure produced by ventricular pacing at 180 bpm for 10 days, we defined the renal and humoral actions of acute VP inhibition with omapatrilat (OMA, n=6) and acute ACE inhibition (n=5) alone with fosinoprilat. We also sought to determine whether the NPs participate in the renal actions of acute VP inhibition by the administration of OMA together with an intrarenal administration of the NP receptor antagonist HS-142-1 (n=5). OMA resulted in a greater natriuretic response than did ACE inhibition in association with increases in plasma cGMP, ANP, BNP, urinary cGMP, urinary ANP excretion, and glomerular filtration rate (P<0.05 for OMA versus ACE inhibition). Plasma renin activity was increased only in the group subjected to ACE inhibition. Administration of intrarenal HS-142-1 attenuated the renal properties of OMA in association with a decrease in urinary cGMP excretion despite similar increases in plasma ANP and BNP. This study provides new insight into a unique new pharmacological agent that has beneficial renal actions in experimental mild heart failure beyond the actions that are observed with ACE inhibition alone and that are linked to the NP system.
Resilience: the concept, a literature review and future directions (2011)

In an ever-more interconnected world (social, technological and environmental), no organisation can retain a competitive position and survive disruptions as an independent entity. This article provides a review of resilience literature in its widest context and later its application at an organisational level context. The origins of the concept are reported and consequently, the various fields of research are analysed. The concept is shown to remain essentially constant regardless of its field of enquiry and has much to inform the fields of organisation theory, strategy and operations management. This article identifies a number of areas for advancing resilience research, in particular: the relationship between human and organisational resilience; understanding interfaces between organisational and infrastructural resilience.
Morphology—properties relationships in binary polyamide 6/rubber blends: Influence of the addition of a functionalized rubber (1984)

Abstract The modification of an amorphous random ethylene‐propylene rubbery copolymer (EPM) has been accomplished by solution grafting of maleic anhydride molecules promoted by radical initiators, The resulting EPM‐g‐succinic anhydride (EPM‐g‐SA) and EPM have been used to obtain binary polyamide 6/EPM or polyamide 6/EPM‐g‐SA and ternary polyamide 6/EPM/EPM‐g‐SA blends by melt mixing. The formation of an EPM‐g‐PA6 graft copolymer during the blend preparation has been assumed. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of the rubber used. The tensile mechanical properties and the impact behavior of the prepared blends were investigated and correlated with the SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces. Binary and ternary blends containing 20 percent by weight of total rubber show a significant improvement of the impact properties at low temperature (−20°C) when the rubber is partly or entirely EPM‐g‐SA. In the case of PA6/EPM‐g‐SA (80/20) blend these results are related to the presence of rubbery domains of very small size strongly adherent to the PA6 matrix. In the case of 80/10/10 ternary blends, a much more complicated overall morphology is observed. Such morphology is characterized by the presence of large EPM domains, likely containing some EPM‐g‐PA6 graft molecules acting as an interfacial agent, and domains of EPM‐g‐PA6 of smaller size strongly adherent to the matrix as in the previous case.
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitors by a Quantitative High-Throughput Screening (2020)

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emphasized the urgency to develop effective therapeutics. Drug repurposing screening is regarded as one of the most practical and rapid approaches for the discovery of such therapeutics. The 3C-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>), or main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2 is a valid drug target as it is a specific viral enzyme and plays an essential role in viral replication. We performed a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) of 10 755 compounds consisting of approved and investigational drugs, and bioactive compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup> assay. Twenty-three small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup> have been identified with IC<sub>50</sub>s ranging from 0.26 to 28.85 μM. Walrycin B (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.26 μM), hydroxocobalamin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 3.29 μM), suramin sodium (IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.5 μM), Z-DEVD-FMK (IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.81 μM), LLL-12 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 9.84 μM), and Z-FA-FMK (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.39 μM) are the most potent 3CL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors. The activity of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection was confirmed in 7 of 23 compounds using a SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay. The results demonstrated a set of SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors that may have potential for further clinical evaluation as part of drug combination therapies to treating COVID-19 patients and as starting points for chemistry optimization for new drug development.
Robot vision using object models for recognition strategy generation and precise localization (2002)

A vision system that automatically generates an object recognition strategy from a 3D model and recognizes the object by this strategy is presented. In this system, the appearances of an object from various view directions are described with 2D features, such as parallel lines and ellipses. These appearances are then ranked, and a tree-like strategy graph is generated. It shows an efficient feature search order when the viewer direction is unknown. The object is recognized by feature detection guided by the strategy. After the features are detected, the system compares the line representation generated from a 3D model and the image features to localize the object. Perspective projection is used in the localization process to obtain the precise position and attitude of the object, while orthographic projection is used in the strategy generation process to allow symbolic manipulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safety of Canning Quick Breads (2000)

BACKGROUNDFor many years there have been questions about the safety of home canning breads and cakes.Products such as zucchini bread are baked in wide rimmed canning jars and covered with lids and rings immediately after removing from the oven.As the mixture cools, a vacuum seal is formed.The problem with this is that the final system is anaerobic (no oxygen), and has both the pH and available moisture in the right range for the growth of C. botulinum.The product has the potential to cause botulism poisoning and kill or seriously impair the person eating the bread.C. botulinum is found in soil throughout the world.The cleaning and processing of the ingredients that are used in bread would decrease its likelihood of being present, but by no means insure that it is not present.For example, it could be introduced into the batter by being in honey, on grated zucchini, or dust in the mixing bowl.Although no cases of botulism have been identified as being caused specifically by a home canned quick bread, the potential is there.The product meets all the necessary criteria for the organism to grow.The organism C. botulinum itself is harmless; however, when conditions are right, it can form an extremely potent toxin.Three factors determine if C. botulinum will grow or not: a nonacid pH, adequate moisture and an airless environment.Canned breads meet all the requirements.Normally these products are not being held under vacuum and therefore botulism is not a concern.However, sealing the bread in a jar provides the necessary airless condition.The alternative of putting the lids on after the product has cooled would solve the problem of growth of C. botulinum but the presence of air would allow mold to grow.A recipe for canning zucchini bread which is widely distributed has a 45 minute baking time at 325 degrees F. The baking of the bread does not kill the C. botulinum.It is a spore forming organism and spores are resistant to destruction by heat or other environmental factors.
The Imaging Compton Telescope Comptel on the Gamma Ray Observatory (1984)

This instrument is based on a newly established concept of γ-ray detection in the very difficult 1-30 MeV range. It employs the unique feature of a two-step interaction of the y-ray: a Compton scattering collision in a first detector followed by an interaction in a second detector element. COMPTEL has been designed to perform a very sensitive survey of the y-ray sky. Extreme care has been taken to minimize background so that the detection limits of COMPTEL will be dominated by source counting statistics. It combines a wide field of view (about 1 steradian) with a good angular resolution. The design criteria of COMPTEL and the perforrmance of a Science Model are described.
Piezoelectrically driven <i>X</i> <i>Y</i>θ table for submicron lithography systems (1989)

A newly designed piezoelectrically driven XYθ table has been developed for submicron lithography systems. The XYθ table was fabricated using a monolithic plate structure, joined together with flexure hinges and driven by an inchworm function. This function involves the periodic clamping and unclamping of four blocks and the expansion and contraction of piezoelectric actuators. The XYθ table can travel a long distance with fine positioning in the X, Y, and θ directions. The velocities can be controlled up to 0.5 mm/s in the X and Y directions, and 0.3×10 −2 rad/s in the θ direction by changing the inchworm function stepping rate. Positioning accuracy of less than 1 μm in the X and Y directions, and 7.5×10−6 rad in the θ direction can easily be obtained using a servo system with a 0.5-μm measuring resolution.
Lactic acid polymers: strong, degradable thermoplastics (1981)

Copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids are being developed by researchers at Battelle and elsewhere as renewable-resource plastics. Other uses include matrices for controlled release of drugs and pesticides as well as in prosthetic devices. In contrast to conventional plastics, lactic acid polymers are biodegradable, and after several months exposure to moisture, these materials convert back to natural harmless products. The properties of lactic acid polymers are examined.
Ultra high speed, very low power InSbb-based quantum well FETs for logic applications (2004)

For the first time we demonstrate an InSb based quantum well FET, which uses a semi-insulating GaAs substrate, an InSb quantum well confined between layers of InAlSb and a Schottky barrier gate. This device is shown to exhibit far superior leakage and breakdown performance compared with the earlier device, with the Schottky gate promising much better transconductance and reproducibility than the deposited oxide. Experimental results for 0.4 /spl mu/m gate length devices are shown along with physically based numerical device simulation results on devices scaled down to 100 nm gate length that demonstrate extremely high performance(1 THz at 0.5 V supply) and low device leakage.
Photonic packet routing based on multi-wavelength label switch using fiber bragg gratings (2000)

A novel photonic packet routing network based on multi-wavelength label switch using fiber Bragg gratings is proposed. All-optical multi-wavelength label recognision and 10Gbit/s burst payload data transportation are demonstrated experimentally for the first time.