gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of high performance liquid chromatography combined with diode‐array detection for analysis of proteins and peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid (1989)

Different strategies for HPLC separation, including molecular sieving, ion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction as well as reversed phase chromatography, were used to study molecular components in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The separations were followed by photodiode-array UV detection, which is a recently developed technique allowing a direct and rapid discrimination between peptides and proteins differing in their content of aromatic amino acids. By the various HPLC techniques in conjunction with diode-array detection it was possible to identify and characterize several protein and peptide components present in CSF. The procedure also allowed quantitative analysis of CSF proteins using minute amounts of the fluid.
AN IMPROVED STRUCTURAL APPROACH FOR AUTOMATED RECOGNITION OF HANDPRINTED CHARACTERS (1991)

This paper examines several line-drawing pattern recognition methods for handwritten character recognition. They are the picture descriptive language (PDL), Berthod and Maroy (BM), extended Freeman's chain code (EFC), error transformation (ET), tree grammar (TG), and array grammar (AG) methods. A new character recognition scheme that uses improved extended octal codes as primitives is introduced. This scheme offers the advantages of handling flexible sizes, orientations, and variations, the need for fewer learning samples, and lower degree of ambiguity. Finally, the simulation of off-line character recognition by the real-time on-line counterpart is investigated.
Optical fiber loop memory using vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic device (1993)

An optical fiber loop memory is proposed, using a photonic switch device of a vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic device. The photonic switch works as an optical pulse repeater. The operation stability as the memory was analyzed, and more than 30 minutes storage time has been realized. The maximum operational clock was as high as 20 MHz. This memory may be a part of the future optical computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SVD based sensing of a wireless microphone signal in cognitive radio networks (2008)

In a wireless regional area networks (WRAN) network, the presence of a wireless microphone (WM) signal must be detected as a primary user. However, very narrow bandwidth and low power makes it difficult to sense a WM signal. In this paper, a singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is presented to sense and estimate a WM signal. After performing SVD on the received data matrix, the presence of a WM signal can be detected and then the center frequency of a WM signal can be estimated. By doing so, a guard bandwidth is retained such that the other spectrum in this sensing band is still available for the secondary users and the spectrum efficiency can be improved. Simulation results prove the better detection performance by comparing the proposed method and the traditional energy detection. Simulations also show a high frequency estimation precision by using the proposed SVD-based algorithm as well.
Noncontact Measurement of Metal Tape Thickness Using Microwave Instrumentation (1971)

A novel method of measurement and a new type of microwave thickness meter for continuous monitoring of metal tape thickness during the rolling process is described. Use is made of the properties of a quasiclosed waveguide resonator and a special type of self-balancing microwave bridge. Laboratory and industrial results are presented.
Mechanisms and consequences of protein cysteine oxidation: the role of the initial short-lived intermediates (2020)

Thiol groups in protein cysteine (Cys) residues can undergo one- and two-electron oxidation reactions leading to the formation of thiyl radicals or sulfenic acids, respectively. In this mini-review we summarize the mechanisms and kinetics of the formation of these species by biologically relevant oxidants. Most of the latter react with the deprotonated form of the thiol. Since the pKa of the thiols in protein cysteines are usually close to physiological pH, the thermodynamics and the kinetics of their oxidation in vivo are affected by the acidity of the thiol. Moreover, the protein microenvironment has pronounced effects on cysteine residue reactivity, which in the case of the oxidation mediated by hydroperoxides, is known to confer specificity to particular protein cysteines. Despite their elusive nature, both thiyl radicals and sulfenic acids are involved in the catalytic mechanism of several enzymes and in the redox regulation of protein function and/or signaling pathways. They are usually short-lived species that undergo further reactions that converge in the formation of different stable products, resulting in several post-translational modifications of the protein. Some of these can be reversed through the action of specific cellular reduction systems. Others damage the proteins irreversibly, and can make them more prone to aggregation or degradation.
Major surface protein of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (p30) contains an immunodominant region with repetitive epitopes (1985)

Four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against surface antigens of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii were produced. Immunoprecipitation of extracts of 125I-labeled tachyzoites identified the same polypeptide with apparent molecular weight of 30 000 (p30). A competition binding assay indicated that a single region of p30 was recognized by all 4 of the mAb. Furthermore, we found that single mAb inhibited 25-50% of the specific binding of antibodies of patients with toxoplasmosis to the antigenic extract of tachyzoites. It appears, therefore, that p30 is the most immunogenic constituent of tachyzoites, and that a single region of this molecule contains most of the immunogenic activity. Finally, a two-site/one-antibody immunoradiometric assay with the same mAb indicated that the p30 molecule is multivalent with respect to the expression of a single epitope.
Background Infusion Is Not Beneficial during Labor Patient-controlled Analgesia with 0.1% Ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg/ml Sufentanil (2004)

The results of this study suggest that the use of a background infusion with PCEA during labor leads to a greater consumption of anesthetic solution without improving comfort and satisfaction of parturients. Moreover, not using a background infusion does not provide an increased incidence of supplemental boluses (which might cause problems in a busy unit) and allows for a substantial reduction in the cost of analgesia.
Photonic crystal light deflection devices using the superprism effect (2002)

The superprism effect allows wide-angle deflection of the light beam in a photonic crystal (PC) by a slight change of the wavelength or the incident angle. In this paper, we discuss such light deflection outside the PC, which is expected when the output end of the PC is tilted against the input end. The analysis of the dispersion surfaces indicates a deflection angle of /spl plusmn/50/spl deg/ in a two-dimensional PC composed of triangular lattice airholes by changing the incident angle by /spl plusmn/2/spl deg/ or the wavelength by /spl plusmn/2%. Light deflections inside and outside the PC are numerically demonstrated by the finite difference time-domain method. It displays not only the main output beam but also many diffracted waves, which satisfy the wavevector conservation condition. These waves are sufficiently suppressed and an almost collimated output beam is realized by a flat interface.
Estimation of Non-Revenue Water Ratio Using MRA and ANN in Water Distribution Networks (2017)

The non-revenue water (NRW) ratio in water distribution networks is the ratio of losses from unbilled authorized consumption and apparent and real losses to the total water supply. NRW is an important parameter for prioritizing the improvement of a water distribution system and identifying the influencing parameters. Though the method using multiple regression analysis (MRA) is a statistical analysis method for estimating the NRW ratio using the main parameters of a water distribution system, it has disadvantages in that the accuracy is low compared to the measured NRW ratio. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to estimate the NRW ratio to improve assessment accuracy and suggest an efficient methodology to identify related parameters of the NRW ratio. When using an ANN with the optimal number of neurons, the accuracy of estimation was higher than that of conventional statistical methods, as with MRA.
Interactive Autonomous Baby Sitting Robot (2006)

This paper describes a baby sitting robot system, which has the capabilities of baby tracking , cry signal processing, map building and obstacle avoidance, path planning, entertain the baby or alarm the guardian if any defined anomalies found and voice interaction. For that purpose, the baby sitting robot system has a capability to track and follow the baby with obstacle avoidance. It is also potential enough to identify when the baby cries, or reach near to any defined anomalies. Further more it provides a convenient voice interface for easy usage and various entertainment services for the baby. Rather than just notify the parents that the baby is approaching anomalies, it will try to prevent it from reaching the anomalies by either blocking or distracting with music. In this paper, the overall system is introduced and the detailed subsystems and functions are presented. Baby tracking, cry detection and step detection have been implemented and provide successful results. The navigation planner which includes obstacle detection and path planning and voice interaction has been also implemented successfully. Integration of all these subsystems has been archived with processing delay.
Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3-b]indole Derivates (2013)

Several new chromeno[2,indole tetracycles were synthesized by the reaction of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones or 2'-hydroxypropiophenones and salicylaldehyde derivates.Under the harsh reaction conditions, the initially formed Knoevenagel adducts lost water, giving rise to the formation of ring closed tetracyclic products.During one of our ongoing medicinal chemistry programs we intended to prepare a small library of 1,3-dihydro-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2H-indol-2-one derivatives 3 using the frequently applied Knoevenagel reaction between the appropriate 2'-hydroxyacetophenones and oxindole derivatives. 1 The condensation between 2'-hydroxybenzaldehydes and oxindoles is a well-described and often utilized reaction but to date, there is no example of the use of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones in this process. 2 The reactions between oxindole 1 and salicylaldehyde derivatives 2 (R 1 =OH, R 4 =H) or other benzaldehyde derivatives (R 1 =Br) were performed under the standard conditions for this reaction (EtOH, cat.piperidine, reflux), giving rise the formation of the expected products in good yields (Table 1, Entries 1-3).Under the same conditions, the related 2'-hydroxyacetophenones (2, R 4 =Me) or propiophenones (2, R 4 =Et) did not react with oxindole 1 and only the starting materials were recovered.After we had investigated several other harsher sets of reaction conditions we found, that using of n-butylamine as a base, in the presence of acetic acid in mesitylene at 140 o C, the starting material disappeared accordingly to HPLC.In most cases a single new product was formed in addition to some decomposition products, arising from the starting  Dedicated to Professor László Tőke on the occasion of his 80 th birthday.
Two alkaline phosphatase genes are expressed during early development in the mouse embryo (1990)

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is stage specific in mouse embryos and may be associated with compaction and separation of trophectoderm from inner cell mass in preimplantation development. We previously sequenced a cDNA and two mouse AP genes that could contribute to the AP activity in embryos. Oligonucleotide primers were constructed from the three sequences and used in the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique to establish that two of the three AP isozymes are transcribed during preimplantation development. The predominant transcript (E-AP) is from a gene highly homologous to the human tissue-specific APs, but different from the mouse intestinal AP. Tissue non-specific (TN) AP also is transcribed, but there is approximately 10 times less TN-AP than E-AP transcript. The TN-AP isozyme is the predominant transcript of 7 to 14 day embryos and primordial germ cells. A switch in predominance from E-AP to TN-AP must occur during early postimplantation development. This study establishes a framework for experiments to determine the functions of the two isozymes during preimplantation development.
The Removal of Scleral Buckles (1978)

Six hundred consecutive retinal detachments were operated on with silicone scleral buckles. Twenty-three implants, or 3.8%, were removed. There was one solid silicone implant and 22 silicone sponges. Removal was required because of infection (seven eyes), foreign-body sensation without infection (seven eyes), recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages (four eyes), impingement on the optic nerve (one eye), and distortion of the macula (four eyes). The postoperative infection rate was 1.8% for silicone sponges, and there were no infections in eyes buckled with solid silicone. Only one retina redetached after buckle removal, yielding a recurrence rate of 4%. The one recurrence was successfully managed by a second scleral buckle.
Stretching a macromolecule in an atomic force microscope: Statistical mechanical analysis (2001)

We formulate the proper statistical mechanics to describe the stretching of a macromolecule under a force provided by the cantilever of an atomic force microscope. In the limit of a soft cantilever the generalized ensemble of the coupled molecule/cantilever system reduces to the Gibbs ensemble for an isolated molecule subject to a constant force in which the extension is fluctuating. For a stiff cantilever we obtain the Helmholtz ensemble for an isolated molecule held at a fixed extension with the force fluctuating. Numerical examples are given for poly (ethylene glycol) chains.
Interference method for determination of the refractive index and thickness (2000)

The interference method for simultaneous measurement of\nthe absolute refractive index and the thickness of plane parallel samples\nis developed. This method enables us to test solid (including optical\nglasses, crystals, plastics, and other sheet materials), liquid, and gaseous media over a wide spectral range. The experimental model for the\nrealization of this method, the laser interference refractometer and thicknessmeter (IRT), is manufactured and investigated. The IRT accuracy of\nthe refractive index measurement is not worse than that of the best modern goniometers and the accuracy of the thickness measurement corresponds to the interference accuracy
Fastidian gum: the<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>exopolysaccharide possibly involved in bacterial pathogenicity (2001)

The Gram-negative bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was the first plant pathogen to be completely sequenced. This species causes several economically important plant diseases, including citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Analysis of the genomic sequence of X. fastidiosa revealed a 12 kb DNA fragment containing an operon closely related to the gum operon of Xanthomonas campestris. The presence of all genes involved in the synthesis of sugar precursors, existence of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production regulators in the genome, and the absence of three of the X. campestris gum genes suggested that X. fastidiosa is able to synthesize an EPS different from that of xanthan gum. This novel EPS probably consists of polymerized tetrasaccharide repeating units assembled by the sequential addition of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose, mannose and glucuronic acid on a polyprenol phosphate carrier.
Simple long-pulse XeCl laser with narrow-line output (1987)

Long-pulsed operation of a capacitive transfer driven XeCl laser using inductors has been demonstrated with no degradation of the laser performance. Spectral narrowing to a 0.003 Å bandwidth with an output energy of 4 mJ was also achieved using a grating and etalon combination.
Comparisons between the luminol light standards and a new method for absolute calibrations of light detectors (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparisons between the luminol light standards and a new method for absolute calibrations of light detectorsPaul R. Michael and Larry R. FaulknerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 8, 1188–1192Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50002a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50002a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Review Article on Value Chain Analysis of Vegetable Sub-sector in Nepal (2019)

The paper is aimed to review the various research papers related to value chain analysis of vegetable subsector. Many numbers of manuals, guidelines, research articles and thesis were collected using Google scholar to study about value chain approach and eight research papers specialized to value chain analysis on vegetable production in Nepal were selected for review. While reviewing, this paper has initially mentioned the study area, methodology and key findings, and then has critically reviewed the coordination between the research objectives, problems and their findings. It has also pointed out the research gaps that were lacking. However, the commons found in all these papers were identification of primary and secondary actors on value chain of vegetables, market channels, market margin and key problems faced by actors on marketing side with their recommendations. Most of the papers had collected data through survey using questionnaire and checklists for households, traders and consumers. Finally, the paper has concluded that situation of value chain on vegetable in Nepal is not satisfactory. The producer's share on consumer price were very low than expected and prices are strongly influenced by market syndicates. Therefore, government policy should focus on quality input supply for vegetable producers, improvements on production and marketing to increase producer's share on consumer price and to reduce marketing cost. Value chain is full range of activities to deliver agricultural commodities through the different phases of production (involving a combination of physical transformation and the input of various producer services), transformation and delivery to final consumers [1]. The concept of value chain was first introduced by Michael Porters in his book named "Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance" in 1980s. He has considered value chain as basic tool for analyzing the source of competitive advantage [2].
Dystrophin Expression following the Transplantation of Normal Muscle Precursor Cells Protects mdx Muscle from Contraction-Induced Damage (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent muscular dystrophy. Currently, there is no cure for the disease. The transplantation of muscle precursor cells (MPCs) is one of the possible treatments, because it can restore the expression of dystrophin in DMD muscles. In this study, we investigated the effects of myoblasts injected with cardiotoxin on the contractile properties and resistance to eccentric contractions of transplanted and nontransplanted muscles. We used the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) as a model for our study. We conclude that the sole presence of dystrophin in a high percentage of muscle fibers is not sufficient by itself to increase the absolute or the specific force in the EDL of transplanted mdx muscle. This lack of strength increase may be due to the extensive damage that was produced by the cardiotoxin, which was coinjected with the myoblasts. However, the dystrophin presence is sufficient to protect muscle from eccentric damage as indicated by the force drop results.
Nucleation Effect of Layered Metal Phosphonate on Crystallization of Bacterial Poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐<i>co</i>‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)] (2010)

Abstract The nucleating effect of zinc phenylphosphonate (PPZn) was investigated on the as‐bacterially synthesized poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐ co ‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)]s [P(3HB ‐co‐ 3HHx)s] in order to improve their crystallization rate. PPZn is found an efficient nucleating agent on the crystallization of P(3HB) and P(3HB ‐co‐ 3HHx) with low 3HHx unit content. The nucleation mechanism is proposed to be epitaxial nucleation. Both the comonomer‐unit composition and its distribution of P(3HB ‐co‐ 3HHx)s were found exhibiting significant effect on the nucleating effect of PPZn. It is found that PPZn is more efficient on nucleating the crystallization of P(3HB ‐co‐ 3HHx) with a broader comonomer‐unit compositional distribution than that with a narrower distribution. magnified image
Searching for processes and threads in Microsoft Windows memory dumps (2006)

Current tools to analyze memory dumps of systems running Microsoft Windows usually build on the concept of enumerating lists maintained by the kernel to keep track of processes, threads and other objects. Therefore they will frequently fail to detect objects that are already terminated or which have been hidden by Direct Kernel Object Manipulation techniques. This article analyzes the in-memory structures which represent processes and threads. It develops search patterns which will then be used to scan the whole memory dump for traces of said objects, independent from the aforementioned lists. As demonstrated by a proof-of-concept implementation this approach could reveal hidden and terminated processes and threads, under some circumstances even after the system under examination has been rebooted.