gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization and Physical Property Experiments Conducted by Opportunity at Meridiani Planum (2004)

The location of the Opportunity landing site was determined to better than 10-m absolute accuracy from analyses of radio tracking data. We determined Rover locations during traverses with an error as small as several centimeters using engineering telemetry and overlapping images. Topographic profiles generated from rover data show that the plains are very smooth from meter- to centimeter-length scales, consistent with analyses of orbital observations. Solar cell output decreased because of the deposition of airborne dust on the panels. The lack of dust-covered surfaces on Meridiani Planum indicates that high velocity winds must remove this material on a continuing basis. The low mechanical strength of the evaporitic rocks as determined from grinding experiments, and the abundance of coarse-grained surface particles argue for differential erosion of Meridiani Planum.
Completely Integrated Wearable TAH-drive Unit (1982)

A pneumatic, wearable, batter-powered TAH-drive unit is presented. This drive-unit is characterized by a very good overall efficiency, achieved by design optimization on one hand and controlled economized membrane displacement on the other. The implemented control system facilitates an adoption to circulatory needs. The integrated micro-computer controls the whole pumping cycle and calculates the effective blood-side stroke volume by a beat to beat analysis of drive-side parameters. It could be demonstrated in animal tests (calves) under varying loads that the available driving power is sufficient to maintain an adequate circulatory supply for calves up to 135 kg. Further, it could be demonstrated that a sufficient right/left balance was obtained over the whole animal test duration.
Guidelines for external fixation frame rigidity and stresses (1986)

Using results from FEM analyses and experiments as references, analytical methods are applied to develop simple approximate formulas to relate frame rigidity, maximal pin stresses, and peak pin-bone stresses in external fracture fixation (EFF) configurations in axial loading to the most important frame, pin, and bone parameters. It is found that, in a realistic range, the parameters can be adapted to vary the frame rigidity from about 13 N/mm to 17,000 N/mm, thereby reducing the maximal stresses in the pins and at the pin-bone interface by a factor of 140. In particular, when compromises have to be established in the frame characteristics in order to ensure a flexible configuration and limit the stress values at the same time, the formulas presented can provide useful guidelines. The side-bar separation and the pin modulus, in particular, can be adapted to decrease the rigidity, while only moderately increasing the stresses, thereby reducing changes for pin failure, pin-bone loosening, and pin-tract infection. A nomogram is presented for a quick reference to estimated relations between frame characteristics, rigidity, and stresses. It is believed that this material may be of use in EFF design and applications in clinical and animal experimental trials.
Use of an Underlayer for Large Area Crystallization of Rubrene Thin Films (2017)

In this work, we discovered a very efficient method of crystallization of thermally evaporated rubrene, resulting in ultrathin, large-area, fully connected, and highly crystalline thin films of this organic semiconductor with a grain size of up to 500 μm and charge carrier mobility of up to 3.5 cm2 V–1 s–1. We found that it is critical to use a 5 nm-thick organic underlayer on which a thin film of amorphous rubrene is evaporated and then annealed to dramatically influence the ability of rubrene to crystallize. The underlayer property that controls this influence is the glass transition temperature. By experimenting with different underlayers with glass transition temperatures varying over 120 °C, we identified the molecules leading to the best crystallinity of rubrene films and explained why values both above and below the optimum result in poor crystallinity. We discuss the formation of different crystalline morphologies of rubrene produced by this method and show that field-effect transistors made with films of a single-domain platelet morphology, achieved through the aid of the optimal underlayer, outperform their spherulite counterparts with a nearly four times higher charge carrier mobility. This large-area crystallization technique overcomes the fabrication bottleneck of high-mobility rubrene thin film transistors and other related devices and, given its scalability and patternability, may lead to practical technologies compatible with large-area flexible electronics.
Multi-frequency imaging and modelling of respiratory related electrical impedance changes (1994)

Two studies concerning multi-frequency impedance measurements are presented. The first uses tetrapolar measurements made on the thorax and the second electrical impedance tomography images, also made from the thorax. The way in which the impedance and the changes in impedance with ventilation depend upon frequency are investigated using Cole-Cole modelling and also a physiological model of lung tissue. There is an excellent fit to the Cole-Cole model, and the results show that it should be possible to identify tissue on the basis of the impedance spectrum and the spectrum of the changes in impedance during breathing.
Targeting Leukocytes in Immune Glomerular Diseases (2008)

The glomerulonephritides are a collection of separate diseases with differing pathogeneses that collectively are common and important causes of renal disease. Effective, non-toxic immunomodulatory treatments for glomerulonephritis are lacking. This review will focus on our understanding of the role of leukocytes in immune glomerular disease, specifically in severe and rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis, and provide examples of potential therapeutic targets. The glomerulus is a high flow, high pressure capillary plexus bounded by arterioles that is vulnerable to a variety of immune or inflammatory insults. The variety in the pathogenesis of different forms of glomerulonephritis, together with the capacity of both humoral and cellular effector arms to induce injury, means that understanding the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis is necessary to effectively apply new treatments. Leukocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis at several levels, including the loss of tolerance, adaptive immune responses directed by T cells, cellular effectors inducing injury in delayed type hypersensitivity-like reactions, and by macrophage/neutrophil recruitment via the deposition of circulating immune complexes or in situ immune complexes. Evidence is emerging that anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies activate neutrophils, leading to glomerular capillaritis. Some therapeutic options limit local inflammation, while others modify the underlying pathogenetic immune response. Areas of current interest include the relationship between infiltrating and local cells, limiting effector cell activation, particularly macrophages; as well as understanding and targeting leukocyte recruitment to this unique vasculature. Modifying pathogenetic T or B cells also is a promising strategy in both systemic autoimmunity affecting the kidney and organ specific autoimmunity.
Secure asynchronous communication for mobile devices (2009)

Mobile devices are now used not only for communication but also as working units. As more sensitive information is stored on and transmitted through these devices, security is becoming a growing concern. This is especially true for SMS messages which do not integrate any security mechanism. This is why we propose a simple-to-use but cryptographically strong API for message encryption and authentication that was designed with the limited memory and processing power of a mobile device in mind; and a protocol that will ensure their confidentiality and integrity. This strategy is embodied in the cryptography framework called Linca and the SMS security protocol called SMSSec. The framework and protocol are tested through the design and implementation of an SMS banking application called SecureBanking. The application was written for the .NET Compact Framework (.NET for mobile devices) and was based on a previous version done for Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). Finally, a performance analysis is presented to show that the encryption time on the mobile device is negligible compared to the duration of the transmission.
Handbook of applied meteorology (1985)

PART I: FUNDAMENTALS: Atmospheric Circulation Systems Climatology Severe Weather Weather Forecasting PART II: MEASUREMENTS: Measurements Today Measurements Tomorrow Ground-Based Observing Systems Upper Air in situ Observing Systems Remote Ground-Based Observing Systems Satellites Observing Networks Standard Techniques Regulatory Criteria and Standards PART III: APPLICATIONS: Runoff Floods Evaporation and Transpiration Water Management Acid Precipitation Erosion Agriculture Forestry Air Pollutant Measurements Dispersion Measurements Using Meteorological Tracer Techniques Regulatory Needs for Air Quality Models Air Quality Modeling Over Short Distances Air Quality Modeling Over Long Distances Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition Modeling Chemical Transformations in Air Quality Models Human Health Architecture Factors Affecting Energy Use Demand Solar Energy Wind Energy Aviation Marine Transportation and Weather-Sensitive Operations Surface Transportation Wave Propagation Weather Modification PART IV: SOCIETAL IMPACTS: Property Rights in Atmospheric Resources Environmental Impacts Economic Impacts PART V: RESOURCES: Data Books and Journals Education Research Centers and Libraries Directory Sources.
MYB.Ph3 transcription factor from <i>Petunia hybrida</i> induces similar DNA‐bending/distortions on its two types of binding site (1995)

MYB.Ph3 from Petunia is a member of the MYB transcription factor family that recognizes two types of binding site, resembling direct and inverted repeats of the motif GTTA, respectively, and flanked on their 5' side by an A-rich sequence. In this study, it is shown that MYB.Ph3 induces similar conformational changes in both of its DNA-binding sites. Circular permutation assays indicate that the center of the distortions induced by MYB.Ph3 maps near the center of either MYB.Ph3-binding site. The degree of the distortion induced by MYB.Ph3 appears to be greatly affected by regions of the protein other than the DNA-binding domain, and differs from the distortion caused by animal c-MYB. Phasing analysis reveals that part of the distortion induced by MYB.Ph3 is DNA bending, oriented towards the minor groove, as is the case of its animal counterpart, c-MYB. DNA-binding by both MYB.Ph3 and animal c-MYB is more efficient in the presence of Ba2+, a divalent cation known to promote/stabilize DNA bending, than in the presence of other cations which do not favor this distortion, such as Na+ and Mg2+. In addition, both MYB proteins show higher affinity to selectively nicked DNA, which has increased DNA flexibility, strongly suggesting that DNA binding by these MYB proteins and DNA structural properties are mutually influenced.
Isolation of a full-length cDNA insert encoding human aromatase system cytochrome P-450 and its expression in nonsteroidogenic cells. (1988)

The isolation and cloning of a full-length cDNA insert complementary to mRNA encoding human aromatase system cytochrome P-450 is reported. The insert contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 503 amino acids. This gene is clearly a member of the cytochrome P-450 gene superfamily, because the sequence contains regions of marked homology to those of other members, notably a putative membrane-spanning region, I helix, Ozols, and heme-binding regions. The cDNA was inserted into a modified pCMV vector and expressed in COS-1 monkey kidney tumor cells. The expressed protein was similar in size to human placental aromatase system cytochrome P-450, as detected by immunoblot analysis, and catalyzed the aromatization of androstenedione, testosterone, and 16 alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione. This activity was inhibited by the known aromatase inhibitors, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and econazole. Thus the several steps involved in the aromatization reaction appear to be catalyzed by a single polypeptide chain, which can metabolize the three major physiological substrates.
Three—Dimensional Computer Animation by Trigonometric Approximation to Aperiodic Motion (1988)

Abstract In recent years, computers have been applied widely to produce animation. There have been few tests, however, which aimed at the animation of living objects. The authors have proposed a method of composing animation by primitives based on the approximation by trigonometric functions as a means to construct animation for living objects. By applying the method, animation for the human walking motion was constructed with a satisfactory result. However, the method was limited to the periodic motion on the two‐dimensional plane, and could not cope with the requirement for the animation of complex motion. This paper aims at the application of the trigonometric approximation, and describes a method which applies Fourier expansion after providing a correction to the measured coordinate of the joint. The method was applied to various motions, and satisfactory animation was produced.
Effect of Electrocardiogram Triggering on Reproducibility of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring (2001)

Study results strongly support the use of an ECG trigger of 40% rather than 80% of the R-R interval in electron-beam CT calcium studies.
Beneficial Effect of ET<sub>A</sub>Receptor Blockade in a Rat Model of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy (1997)

Endothelin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure associated with radiocontrast media. The current study was designed to determine the effect of endothelin receptor blockade in a model of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Inhibition of prostanoids and nitric oxide with indomethacin and L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) predisposes rats to the nephrotoxic effects of radiocontrast media and, therefore, has been proposed as a clinically relevant model. Separate groups of conscious rats were given the ETA receptor antagonist, A-127722 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg), or water (1 mL/kg) by oral gavage. All rats were then given indomethacin (10 mg/kg), L-NAME (10 mg/kg), and the contrast agent, diatrizoate (6 mL/kg), by intravenous injection at 15-min intervals. Urine was collected for the subsequent 24 h by placing rats in metabolism cages. When indomethacin, L-NAME, and diatrizoate were administered without A-127722, rats displayed typical signs of renal failure; protein excretion was increased from a baseline of 13 +/- 2 to 33 +/- 8 mg/day (p < 0.05) and plasma creatinine increased from 0.52 +/- 0.01 to 0.62 +/- 0.04 mg/dL (p < 0.05). ETA receptor blockade prevented the rise in protein excretion and plasma creatinine in a dose-dependent manner. In separate series of clearance experiments, A-127722 completely inhibited the renal effects of exogenous ET-1. These results suggest that endothelin plays a role in the hemodynamic events in this model and that ETA receptor antagonists should be investigated as potential therapeutic agents for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.
Analysis of the impact of imatinib mesylate therapy on the prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with interferon‐α regimens for early chronic phase (2003)

The current analysis is the first to indicate the independent, favorable effect of imatinib on the survival of patients with Ph-positive CML.
Design Features of the ASN-7 Navigational Computer (1956)

Most navigation systems proposed have been so radical as to require a revolution for their implementation. The system described herein would employ existing ground and airborne equipment with the addition of a small, new unit in the aircraft. This unit would employ only well-known circuits and techniques. The working of the system is explained, and data are presented on the accuracy to be expected.
Log sorting location decisions under uncertainty (2005)

In forest operations, the decision of how to transport trees from the stump to the manufacturing destination involves several considerations: cost and effort of transporting the logs or trees to the roadside; the relative efficiency of bucking in the woods, on landings, or in centralized sort yards; legal restrictions on log or tree transportation; distances to mills; and prices paid for logs or trees at the various destinations. Included in the decision is whether to sort logs of different species, grades, or other specifications at the landing or at a centralized location, often referred to as a sort yard. Centralized sort yards provide an opportunity to more closely examine log characteristics, but increase handling costs. A decision model is presented for evaluating the log sorting location decision considering the probability of making an incorrect log allocation at the sorting location. Explicitly incorporating the probability of log misallocation into the decision model permits managers to more correctly weigh log sorting alternatives, reduce costs, and identify areas for possible work improvement. For the case study analyzed in this paper, a savings of approximately $1.50 per cubic meter was found when sorting was accomplished at the landing, as compared to using a centralized sort yard, including the expected cost of mis-sorting.
Scaling-Laws of Human Broadcast Communication Enable Distinction between Human, Corporate and Robot Twitter Users (2013)

Human behaviour is highly individual by nature, yet statistical structures are emerging which seem to govern the actions of human beings collectively. Here we search for universal statistical laws dictating the timing of human actions in communication decisions. We focus on the distribution of the time interval between messages in human broadcast communication, as documented in Twitter, and study a collection of over 160,000 tweets for three user categories: personal (controlled by one person), managed (typically PR agency controlled) and bot-controlled (automated system). To test our hypothesis, we investigate whether it is possible to differentiate between user types based on tweet timing behaviour, independently of the content in messages. For this purpose, we developed a system to process a large amount of tweets for reality mining and implemented two simple probabilistic inference algorithms: 1. a naive Bayes classifier, which distinguishes between two and three account categories with classification performance of 84.6% and 75.8%, respectively and 2. a prediction algorithm to estimate the time of a user's next tweet with an R(2) ≈ 0.7. Our results show that we can reliably distinguish between the three user categories as well as predict the distribution of a user's inter-message time with reasonable accuracy. More importantly, we identify a characteristic power-law decrease in the tail of inter-message time distribution by human users which is different from that obtained for managed and automated accounts. This result is evidence of a universal law that permeates the timing of human decisions in broadcast communication and extends the findings of several previous studies of peer-to-peer communication.
Interior point decoding for linear vector channels based on convex optimization (2008)

In this paper, a novel decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on convex optimization is presented. The decoding algorithm, called interior point decoding, is designed for linear vector channels. The linear vector channels include many practically important channels such as inter symbol interference channels, partial response channels and MIMO channels. It is shown that the maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) rule for a linear vector channel can be relaxed to a convex optimization problem, which is called a relaxed MLD problem. Approximate variations of gradient descent and Newton methods are used to solve the convex optimization problem.
Variation in human semen viscoelastic properties with respect to time post ejaculation and frequency of ejaculation. (1977)

<p>A wave of Grounded Urban Practices has emerged in Cairo after the 2011 revolution and in Amsterdam/Rotterdam during the 2008-2012 financial crisis. After almost a decade of experimental research and interventions challenging business-as-usual spatial production, many GUPs in both contexts face several difficulties today. In Egypt, the regime has managed to restore order, while in the Netherlands the economic upturn has ended some of the opportunities created by the crisis.</p>\n<p>This study contains an in-depth investigation of the work of GUPs in both countries, based on an extensive research and several meet-ups with the selected GUPs in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Cairo. The research focused on 1) the roots and reasons behind their emergence; 2) their structure and legal, financial and organizational models; 3) the strategies, methods and tools that have been applied; and 4) the risks, challenges and opportunities shaping their current decisions.</p>\n
CMUT ultrasonic power link front-end for wireless power transfer deep in body (2013)

Wireless implantable devices have revolutionized the field of biomedical engineering for as long as adequate power supplies are conjured. This paper presents an ultrasonic power link front-end interfaced with a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). The ultrasonic power link front-end consists of a rectifier, a charge pump, a clock extractor and a phase generator. The power link front-end designed in 0.18-μm CMOS process provides a 17 V DC supply for the implant microsystem, e.g. neural stimulator. It achieves an overall power efficiency of 0.3% in simulation.
Detection of leukemia-associated <i>MLL-GAS7</i> translocation early during chemotherapy with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors (2000)

Leukemias with MLL gene translocations are a complication of primary cancer treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. How early translocations appear during primary cancer treatment has not been investigated. We tracked the leukemic clone with an MLL gene translocation during neuroblastoma therapy in a child who developed acute myeloid leukemia. The karyotype of the leukemic clone showed del(11)(q23). We used panhandle PCR-based methods to isolate the breakpoint junction involving MLL and an unknown partner gene. Marrow DNA from neuroblastoma diagnosis and DNA and RNA from serial preleukemic marrows were examined for the translocation. The karyotypic del(11)(q23) was a cryptic t(11;17). GAS7, a growth arrest-specific gene at chromosome band 17p13, was the partner gene of MLL. Two different MLL-GAS7 fusion transcripts were expressed. The translocation was already detectable by 1.5 months after the start of neuroblastoma treatment. The translocation was not detectable in the marrow at neuroblastoma diagnosis or in peripheral blood lymphocyte DNAs of six normal subjects. GAS7 is a new partner gene of MLL in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia. MLL gene translocations can be present early during anticancer treatment at low cumulative doses of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Although MLL has many partner genes and most have not been characterized, panhandle PCR strategies afford new means for detecting MLL gene translocations early during therapy when the partner gene is unknown.