gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex formation of amphiphilic polymers with azo dyes and their photoviscosity behavior (1982)

Abstract The hydrophobic interaction of amphiphilic copolymers, which contain 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) and 1vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (VPy), with Methyl Orange (MO) was compared with that of HEMA‐acrylamide (AAm) copolymers to deduce the correlation between their complexation ability in a photochromic azo dye and the photoviscosity effect in aqueous copolymer/dye complex solution. On the basis of the dialysis data and fluorometric analysis it appeared that the complexation dependence on HEMA content in the copolymers was due to the hydrophobic interaction between the polymer and the dye. For a comparable HEMA content AAm copolymers bound less MO than VPy copolymers. It was confiied by photoviscosity measurements that the conformation of the complex composed of photochromic azo dye and HEMA copolymer changed reversibly in response to the photo‐ and thermal isomerization of the dye. In HEMA‐AAm copolymer systems the photoviscosity effect was small compared with that of HEMA‐VPy copolymer systems. From these results it was concluded that the complexation ability of polymers due to the hydrophobic interaction was an important factor in producing a large photoinduced conformational change in water.
Observation of polarization property in near-field optical imaging by a polarization-maintaining fiber probe (2004)

We fabricated an original near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) fiber probe made of polarization-maintaining and attenuation-reducing (PANDA)-type polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and observed the polarization property of propagation light in a polymer optical waveguide. The distribution of the transmission coefficient in polarization angles through this NSOM probe showed that the linear polarization is maintained in the two crossing directions: the fast and slow axes. The polarization degree parallel to the slow axis decreases from 1000:1 to 2:1 by bending the fiber probe and the decrease is independent of the bending direction. Using this PANDA-type NSOM probe, we investigated the polarization property of periodic intensity modulation. It was found that the intensity modulation was observed clearly with the electric vector parallel to the radius direction of the waveguide, but was observed vaguely with the electric vector perpendicular to the radius direction.
Comparison of visual acuity estimates using three different letter charts under two ambient room illuminations (2012)

Different levels of ambient room illumination had no significant effect on visual acuity estimates. However, the discrepancies in estimates of visual acuity noted in this study were purely due to the type of letter chart used.
Queueing system with queue length dependent service times and its application to cell discarding scheme in ATM networks (1996)

The authors analyse a queueing system MMPP/G1,G2/1/B with queue length dependent service times. The arrival process of customers is assumed to be a Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP), and the distribution of service time of customers is G1 or G2, dependent on the queue length at the service initiation epoch. The authors obtain the queue length distribution both at departure epochs and at arbitrary times, and then obtain the loss probability and the mean waiting time. They apply their results to the cell discarding (CD) scheme operating at the output of a buffer for voice traffic in ATM networks. They also give some numerical examples to show the effects of the CD scheme.
Complex interactions in Parkinson's disease: A two‐phased approach (2003)

The identification of pathogenic mutations in the three genes alpha-synuclein, parkin, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) has elucidated the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and its potential role as a causal pathway in Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, polymorphisms of these three genes have been shown to be independently associated with PD. In a sample of 298 unrelated PD cases and 185 controls, we applied a two-phased approach of recursive partitioning and logistic regression analyses to explore complex interactions. For women only, we observed an epistatic interaction of UCHL1 and alpha-synuclein genotypes with significant effects on PD risk (odds ratio = 2.42; P = 0.003). Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PD is a multigenic disorder of the UPS.
An Introduction to Nematology (1939)

Introduction to nematology , Introduction to nematology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Neuroprotective effects of an extract from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured neuronal cell line (2008)

From this finding in N18-RE-105 cells, Rosemorgen was concluded to inhibit Glu-induced cell death via non-NMDA type receptors. One of the pharmacologic mechanisms of Rosemorgen has been clear. These results suggest that Rosemorgen depresses allodynia and chronic pain through interaction with non-NMDA type receptors.
Advances in carbene chemistry (2001)

Chapter headings. Preface. Carbene Protonation. Kinetics of Intramolecular Carbene Reactions. Carbenes in Matrices - Spectroscopy, Structure and Photochemical Behaviour. Reactions of 2,5-Cyclohexadienylidenes Investigated by Direct Spectroscopic Methods. Differences between Phenylcarbene and Phenylnitrene and the Ring Expansion Reactions they Undergo. Photoacoustic Calorimetry of Carbenes. Some Aspects of the Carbene Bridgehead-Olefin Carbene Rearrangement. Insertion of Carbenes into C-H Bonds of Alkoxides. Index.
On the Design of Compliant Mechanisms Using Topology Optimization* (1997)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a method for optimal design of compliant mechanism topologies. The method is based on continuum-type topology optimization techniques and finds the optimal compliant mechanism topology within a given design domain and a given position and direction of input and output forces. By constraining the allowed displacement at the input port, it is possible to control the maximum stress level in the compliant mechanism. The ability of the design method to find a mechanism with complex output behavior is demonstrated by several examples. Some of the optimal mechanism topologies have been manufactured, both in macroscale (hand-size) made in Nylon, and in microscale (<.5mm)) made of micromachined glass. Notes *Communicated by P. Pedersen
Acute Pancreatitis (2006)

A 56-year-old woman presents with severe epigastric abdominal pain and vomiting of 14 hours' duration, symptoms that developed shortly after dinner the previous evening. She has no history of alcohol use, takes no medications, and has no family history of pancreatitis. On physical examination, she has a heart rate of 110 beats per minute and moderate epigastric abdominal tenderness without peritoneal signs. The white-cell count is 16,500 per cubic millimeter, and the hematocrit is 49 percent. Amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels are elevated. Calcium, albumin, triglyceride, and electrolyte values are normal. How should this patient be further evaluated and treated?
Structural and biochemical characterization of two binding sites for nucleation-promoting factor WASp-VCA on Arp2/3 complex (2011)

Actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex mediates the formation of actin filament branches during endocytosis and at the leading edge of motile cells. The pathway of branch formation is ambiguous owing to uncertainty regarding the stoichiometry and location of VCA binding sites on Arp2/3 complex. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the CA motif from the C terminus of fission yeast WASP (Wsp1p) bound to fission yeast and bovine Arp2/3 complex with a stoichiometry of 2 to 1 and very different affinities for the two sites (K(d)s of 0.13 and 1.6 μM for fission yeast Arp2/3 complex). Equilibrium binding, kinetic, and cross-linking experiments showed that (i) CA at high-affinity site 1 inhibited Arp2/3 complex binding to actin filaments, (ii) low-affinity site 2 had a higher affinity for CA when Arp2/3 complex was bound to actin filaments, and (iii) Arp2/3 complex had a much higher affinity for free CA than VCA cross-linked to an actin monomer. Crystal structures showed the C terminus of CA bound to the low-affinity site 2 on Arp3 of bovine Arp2/3 complex. The C helix is likely to bind to the barbed end groove of Arp3 in a position for VCA to deliver the first actin subunit to the daughter filament.
Supramolecular complexes of single walled carbon nanotubes with conjugated polymers (2010)

We have synthesized a series of conjugated polymers, including poly[(2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-didodecylfluorene)] (PF), poly[(2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-2,5-(3-dodecylthiophene)] (PFT), and poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (PT). Non-covalent functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with these polymers can impart good solubility to nanotubes in a number of organic solvents, including THF, dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and toluene. Solution and solid-state characterization of the resulting polymer–SWNT composites are described, including UV-Vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the UV-Vis absorption maximum of the polymers was red-shifted in their corresponding composites due to the planarization of the polymer backbone following adsorption upon the SWNT surface. Polymer–SWNT complexes also exhibited good solution stability at elevated temperature in THF and dichlorobenzene, with no significant SWNT sedimentation observed at elevated temperatures. Both UV-Vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy results indicated that the interaction of PT with the nanotubes was different from those of PF and PFT, suggesting that the choice of aromatic ring in the polymer structures plays an important role in the supramolecular complex formation with carbon nanotubes.
Antigenic variation of core, NS3, and NS5 proteins among genotypes of hepatitis C virus (1997)

Assays that detect antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are used to screen blood donors and patients with hepatitis. Current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods are invariably based upon antigens from expressed recombinant proteins or oligopeptides from HCV type 1. Some HCV antigens used in screening assays are coded by regions of the HCV genome that show extensive variability; therefore, HCV type 1-based assays may be less effective for the detection of antibody elicited by infection with other genotypes. In this study, we have measured antibody reactivity of sera from 110 hepatitis C patients infected with type 1b, 3a, or 4a to genotype-specific and cross-reactive epitopes present in recombinant proteins from HCV genotypes 1b (core, NS3, and NS5), 3a (NS3, NS5), and 4a (core, NS3), corresponding to those used in current third-generation screening ELISAs. By comparing the serological reactivities of sera to type-homologous and type-heterologous antigens, we detected a significant type-specific component to the reactivity to NS3 (61 to 77% of the total reactivity) and NS5 (60% of the total reactivity). Furthermore, despite the similarities in the amino acid sequences of the core antigens of type 1b and type 4a, we also found significantly greater reactivity to type-homologous antigens, with approximately 25% of reactivity being type specific. These findings are consistent with previous findings of fivefold weaker reactivity of sera from HCV type 2- and HCV type 3-infected blood donors in the currently used third-generation ELISAs and suggest that these assays are suboptimal for screening populations in which the predominant genotype is not type 1.
Synthesis of Propylene Carbonate and Some Dialkyl Carbonates in the Presence of Bifunctional Catalyst Compositions (1996)

Poly(ethylene glycol)–potassium iodide complexes were found to have high catalytic activities in the esterification of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide under smooth experimental conditions. Furthermore, the complexes were combined with sodium methoxide to form bifunctional catalyst compositions sequentially for the above esterification, as well as the transesterification of the propylene carbonate formed in situ with some aliphatic alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. It was found that the compositions were very effective, giving corresponding dialkyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and propylene glycol. It was noticed that the resulting dialkyl carbonate from n-butanol was diisobutyl carbonate, instead of di-n-butyl carbonate.
High Pressure Synthesis of Binary B–S Compounds (2001)

r-BS was synthesized under high pressure/temperature conditions. Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction data was performed by applying the structure model of GaS 3R (space group: R3m) with the lattice parameters of ahex = 3.05223(7) Å and chex = 20.4119(5) Å The crystal structure of r-BS was revealed to be the three-layer structure comprised of the units built up from B–B pairs which are inside the anti-prism of S atoms. The measurement of UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectrum showed that the estimated band gap of r-BS was about 3.4 eV, and the coloring of r-BS was observed as broad absorption at 510 nm.
Thermogelling Biodegradable Polymers with Hydrophilic Backbones:  PEG-<i>g</i>-PLGA (2000)

The aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) grafted with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) flow freely at room temperature but form gels at higher temperature. The existence of micelles in water at low polymer concentration was confirmed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy and dye solubilization studies. The micellar diameter is about 9 nm, and the critical micelle concentration is in a range of 0.01−0.05 wt %. The critical gel concentration, above which a gel phase appears, was 16 wt %, and the sol-to-gel transition temperature was slightly affected by the concentration between 16 and 25 wt %. At sol-to-gel transition, viscosity and modulus increased abruptly, and 13C NMR showed molecular motion of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) backbones decreased while that of hydrophobic poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) side chains increased. The hydrogel of PEG-g-PLGA with hydrophilic backbones was transparent during degradation and remained a gel for 1 week, suggesting a promising material for short-term drug delivery.
A survey of natural gas dissolved in brine (1993)

Natural gas, composed primarily of methane, is found dissolved in aquifers in many parts of the world. This natural gas can provide an important energy source in those areas where conventional natural gas reserves are absent but where economical methods for drilling, development, and production of hydropressured natural gas are available. There are some distinct geological and geochemical signs which indicate the presence of natural gas dissolved in aquifers, such as the presence of iodine. Extraction of such iodine is a source of additional revenue to gas producers, thus improving the overall economics of exploitation of dissolved natural-gas resources. The experience of those who have already found methods to exploit these resources, principally the Japanese, can be very valuable in the future development of this resource. 17 refs.
Characterization of magnetic forces by means of suspended particles in paramagnetic solutions (1976)

A new technique, whereby the so-called "iso-directional-force lines" may be illustrated directly, is proposed. The method is based on the levitation forces acting on a particle immersed in paramagnetic fluid in nonhomogeneous magnetic field. An ordered set of capillaries, each containing a small particle suspended in the fluid, may be used to depict the iso-directional-force lines by the equilibrium positions of the particles. Once the field is mapped (by a selected standard system), its characteristics are known, with respect to any other fluid particle combinations. The latter is of significance for research and technology.
p21-Activated Kinase 1 Is Required for Efficient Tumor Formation and Progression in a Ras-Mediated Skin Cancer Model (2012)

The RAS genes are the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancer and present a particular therapeutic dilemma, as direct targeting of Ras proteins by small molecules has proved difficult. Signaling pathways downstream of Ras, in particular Raf/Mek/Erk and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, are dominated by lipid and protein kinases that provide attractive alternate targets in Ras-driven tumors. As p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) has been shown to regulate both these signaling pathways and is itself upregulated in many human cancers, we assessed the role of Pak1 in Ras-driven skin cancer. In human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we found a strong positive correlation between advanced stage and grade and PAK1 expression. Using a mouse model of Kras-driven SCC, we showed that deletion of the mouse Pak1 gene led to markedly decreased tumorigenesis and progression, accompanied by near total loss of Erk and Akt activity. Treatment of Kras(G12D) mice with either of two distinct small molecule Pak inhibitors (PF3758309 and FRAX597) caused tumor regression and loss of Erk and Akt activity. Tumor regression was also seen in mice treated with a specific Mek inhibitor, but not with an Akt inhibitor. These findings establish Pak1 as a new target in KRAS-driven tumors and suggest a mechanism of action through the Erk, but not the Akt, signaling pathway.
Mitral valve replacement with a pulmonary autograft: the mitral top hat. (1997)

Despite previous unsatisfactory results with inverted pulmonary homografts in mitral valve replacement, we have rekindled our interest in this technique by the use of a pulmonary autograft with the fully flexible 'top hat' type of mounting. The surgical technique and the clinical feasibility of the operation are presented.
Selective Catecholamine Recognition with NeuroSensor 521: A Fluorescent Sensor for the Visualization of Norepinephrine in Fixed and Live Cells (2013)

A method for the selective labeling and imaging of catecholamines in live and fixed secretory cells is reported. The method integrates a tailored approach using a novel fluorescence-based turn-on molecular sensor (NeuroSensor 521) that can exploit the high concentration of neurotransmitters and acidic environment within secretory vesicles for the selective recognition of norepinephrine and dopamine. The utility of the method was demonstrated by selectively labeling and imaging norepinephrine in secretory vesicles such that discrimination between norepinephrine- and epinephrine-enriched populations of chromaffin cells was observed. This method was validated in fixed cells by co-staining with an anti-PNMT antibody.
Inline capacitive and DC-contact MEMS shunt switches (2001)

This paper presents inline capacitive MEMS shunt switches suitable for X/K-band and Ka/V-band applications. The inline switch allows for a low- or high-inductance connection to the ground plane without changing the mechanical characteristics of the MEMS bridge. Excellent isolation and loss are achieved with this design, and the performance is very similar to the standard capacitive MEMS shunt switch. Also, a new metal-to-metal contact MEMS shunt switch is presented. A novel pull-down electrode is used which applies the electrostatic force at the same location as the metal-to-metal contact area. A contact resistance of 0.15-0.35 /spl Omega/ is repeatable, and results in an isolation of -40 dB at 0.1-3 GHz. The measured isolation is still better than -20 dB at 40 GHz. The application areas are in high-isolation/low-loss switches for telecommunication and radar systems.
Molecular weight of human fibrinogen derived from phosphorus determinations (1965)

1. Fibrin clots obtained from diluted human plasma with bovine thrombin often contain amounts of phospholipids that cannot be diminished by further plasma dilution. 2. The ;cold insoluble residue' obtained during fibrinogen preparation has a higher phosphorus content than the purified fibrinogen. 3. Evidence showed that adsorption of phospholipids or phosphorus-containing fibrinopeptides on purified fibrinogen or fibrin was unlikely. 4. O-Phosphorylserine was detected in acid hydrolysates of human fibrin. 5. On the basis of phosphorus determinations the average molecular weight of human fibrinogen cannot be less than 342000 (304000-383000) for a group of ten donors, and 265000 for two other persons, assuming 1 phosphorus atom/molecule and incomplete splitting of the phosphorus-containing fibrinopeptide. Complete splitting of the phosphopeptide would require molecular weights twice as high. 6. Fibrinolysis was a possible cause of lower phosphorus contents found in isolated fibrinogen and fibrin from a donor who showed apprehension during blood collection and in a fibrinogen preparation that had been submitted to prolonged dialysis.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NONIMMUNE FACTORS IN RECONSTITUTION BY DISCORDANT XENOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS1,2 (1994)

Bone marrow transplantation has been shown to induce donor-specific tolerance in rodent models. This approach could potentially be applied to xenotransplantation across discordant species barriers. To evaluate host factors resisting hematopoietic cell engraftment, we have developed two model systems utilizing the combination of swine into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. SCID mice lack functional B and T lymphocytes, and can therefore be used to evaluate nonimmune factors resisting marrow engraftment, and for adoptive transfer studies to test the role of immune cells and antibodies. First we transplanted swine bone marrow cells into SCID mice conditioned with whole-body irradiation (4 Gy). For nine weeks following the intravenous administration of 10(8) swine bone marrow cells, up to 3.8% of peripheral blood leukocytes were of swine origin, as determined by flow cytometry (FCM). These cells were all of the myeloid lineage. Swine IgG was also detectable in the serum for up to 14 weeks. The bone marrow of the reconstituted mice contained low percentages of swine myeloid cells, and swine myeloid progenitors could be detected for up to 20 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. In a second model, we grafted thymus and liver tissue from 45-69-day-old swine fetuses under the kidney capsule of 4 Gy-irradiated SCID mice. A suspension containing 10(8) swine fetal liver cells (FLC) was also administered i.p. Long-term repopulation with swine T cells was observed, with up to 1.5% swine T cells detected in the WBC, peritoneum, and spleen for at least 5.5 months postgrafting. These T cells expressed either CD4 or CD8, whereas up to 17.6% of cells in the thymic grafts expressed both CD4 and CD8. The i.p. FLC suspension was required for optimal long-term graft maintenance. Our studies show that (1) low level myeloid and B lymphocyte reconstitution can be achieved by transferring adult swine BMC to irradiated SCID recipients; (2) swine myeloid progenitors were detectable long-term in BMC of these mice, suggesting that stem cell engraftment was achieved; and (3) T cell reconstitution of SCID mice by swine progenitors requires cotransplantation of a swine stromal environment, as is provided by fetal swine thymus/liver grafts. We conclude that nonimmune factors such as those provided by species-specific stromal environments are important for reconstitution of some lineages by discordant hematopoietic stem cells.