gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Function of Wilms Tumor Gene WT1 Splice Isoforms in Transcriptional Regulation (1996)

The Wilms' tumor gene, WT1, encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that can repress transcription of a number of genes. WT1 mRNA undergoes alternative splicing at two locations, yielding four different mRNA species and protein products. One alternative splice alters the zinc finger region of WT1, resulting in the addition of three amino acids, Lys-Thr-Ser (KTS), between zinc fingers 3 and 4, altering the binding of WT1 to DNA. Here, we show that the WT1 protein with and without the KTS tripeptide can repress transcription from the human full-length WT1 promoter. Repression of transcription by WT1 has been shown to require two WT1 binding sites. We examined WT1 repression of the human minimal WT1 promoter, which contains two potential WT1 binding motifs. WT1 lacking the KTS tripeptide (WT1-KTS) was unable to repress transcription from a minimal WT1 promoter of 104 base pairs, whereas WT1 containing the KTS tripeptide (WT1+KTS) repressed transcription from the minimal promoter. The ability of WT1+KTS to repress transcription where WT1-KTS could not provided a functional assay to define differential WT1 binding motifs based on the presence or the absence of the KTS tripeptides. We present data defining the differential consensus DNA binding motifs for WT1-KTS and WT1+KTS. We demonstrate that WT1 zinc finger 1 plays a role in the differential DNA binding specificity of WT1-KTS and WT1+KTS.
Estimating NAA in cortical gray matter with applications for measuring changes due to aging (1997)

N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA), a prominent peak in the proton spectrum, is an amino acid thought to be present almost exclusively in neurons and their dendritic and axonal extensions. While 1H MRS studies are showing promise in identifying NAA deficits in different patient groups, unwanted lipid signal from subcutaneous fat surrounding the skull, and necessarily large voxels have limited investigators' ability to assess NAA in cortical gray matter. Here we report a technique developed to derive estimates of NAA signal from cortical gray matter. This approach uses an inversion recovery imaging pulse sequence with a long TE to suppress lipid signal from the scalp and information from concurrently obtained structural MR images to determine the CSF, white and gray matter composition of each spectroscopic voxel. A regression analysis is then used to estimate what NAA levels would be in "pure" white and gray matter voxels. This technique has been applied to demonstrate reduced NAA gray/white levels in the brains of five healthy older compared with five healthy younger women.
Applied Combinatorics (2009)

Now with solutions to selected problems, Applied Combinatorics, Second Edition presents the tools of combinatorics from an applied point of view. This bestselling textbook offers numerous references to the literature of combinatorics and its applications that enable readers to delve more deeply into the topics.After introducing fundamental counting
Wave interactions with generalized Cantor bar fractal multilayers (1991)

The reflection and transmission properties of finely divided fractal layers are investigated and characterized. The results for electromagnetic or optical waves normally incident upon generalized Cantor bar fractal multilayers are found for various fractal dimensions and stages of growth. A new exact self-similar algorithm is described which makes use of the self-similarity of the structures to clearly display the underlying physics. This fractal computational scheme provides the reflection and transmission coefficients for fractally distributed layers with extreme economy when compared to traditional approaches. Finally, a method for extracting fractal descriptors from scattered data is discussed. High- and low- frequency regimes are examined.
Chronique : Le 20è anniversaire de "Bois et Forêts des Tropiques" - Le Bois au 38è Salon International de la Machine Agricole - XIXe Foire Internationale d'échantillons de Trieste - Les Cahiers du C.T.B. : La maison industrialisée aux Etats-Unis et sa fabrication - Dixièmes Journées de l'Hydraulique (Juin 1968) (1967)

est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Phase-change computing (2012)

Phase-change materials and devices are currently generating much interest for their potential to provide practicable alternatives to traditional von-Neumann computing (i.e. alternatives to computing in which memory and processing functions are carried out at physically separated locations). Indeed, many years after Ovshinsky and colleagues first showed the remarkable computing capabilities of phase-change devices (see for example [1-3]), other researchers have recently experimentally demonstrated the potential of phase-change devices to perform not only arithmetic computing [4], but also to provide hardware mimics of both synapses [5, 6] and neurons [4] (so opening the way to so-called bio-inspired or neuromorphic computing). We ourselves recently demonstrated reliable execution of the four basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division using phase-change materials and micrometrescale optical excitation with (groups of) femtosecond pulses [4]. In this paper however we demonstrate that this arithmetic capability is also accessible via the electrical domain and on the nanoscale. [...]
Photoelectric Mixing As a Spectroscopic Tool (1961)

Photoelectric mixing is at present an effect which can be displayed with great difficulty. When combined with optical masers (or lasers), it may provide the basis of relatively simple optical measurements using radio-frequency-like receivers. In these receivers the detector or mixer is a photocell or other photoelectric device. Two general receiver types are considered and termed, following rf terminology, low-level and superheterodyne receivers. The low-level receiver offers the possibility of simple observations of the special shape of the laser output. The superheterodyne receiver offers the possibility of measurement of the shapes of ordinary spectral lines although good resolution will require long observation times. As an instrument for comparing two laser outputs the superheterodyne optical receiver is capable of such extraordinary sensitivity that two lasers may be compared out to physical separations of 106 km.
Arbitrarily polarized slot radiators in bifurcated waveguide arrays (1974)

The feasibility of obtaining arbitrary polarization in both one- and two-dimensional arrays of slots in dual mode bifurcated Waveguides has been demonstrated. The radiating element consists of a pair of crossed slots in the sidewall of a bifurcated rectangular waveguide that couple to even and odd waveguide modes. One linear polarization is excited by the even or "sum" mode and the orthogonal linear polarization is excited by the odd or "difference" mode. By superposing the sum and difference modes in the proper amplitude and phase, any arbitrary polarization can be realized. A two-dimensional array consisting of eight waveguide linear arrays, ferrite phase shifters for scanning in the plane normal to the linear arrays, and a feed network for power distribution and polarization control was constructed. Good radiation performance for various polarizations was obtained. In the case of linear polarization, the cross polarization component was on the order of -25 dB and in the case of circular polarization, the axial ratio was on the order of 1 dB. The polarization was controlled with a ferrite phase shifter. Close-in sidelobes of better than 20 dB were obtained for all polarizations. The preceding performance characteristics were obtained over a scan range of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm20\deg</tex> and over a 6 percent frequency band.
Investigation of the eddy-current anomaly in electrical sheet steels (1948)

The well-known discrepancy between the calculated value of the eddy-current losses in electrical sheet steels at supply frequencies and the experimentally observed value is discussed. The effect of the flux waveform distortion due to magnetic non-uniformity of laminations is examined experimentally and found to be small. It is shown, however, from experiments on a model, that inside each lamination the flux waveform distortion with alternating magnetization is severe, and is sufficient to cause the hysteresis loss per cycle to be strongly frequency-dependent. On the other hand, the discrepancy which occurs with alternating magnetization is found to be absent with a pure rotational flux where there are no waveform effects. It is concluded that, without having recourse to more elaborate explanations, the observed anomaly might be largely accounted for by the increased hysteresis loss brought about by internal flux waveform distortion, the true eddy-current loss being, in fact, not appreciably different from its calculated value.
Photolysis of Diborane at 1849 Å (1962)

The photolysis of diborane at 1849 Å has been studied in a specially constructed, internal-type mercury-vapor lamp. The products have been found to be H2, B4H10, B5H11, and, at low pressures, a —BH— polymer. Reaction orders at 4°C have been obtained from linear plots of reaction products vs time for a range of diborane pressures from 0.08 to 80 cm, and at two light intensities. Linear relations between products and time existed only at very low conversions (∼1%), which required the development of a low-temperature separation method for manipulating and analyzing the traces of B4H10 and B5H11. Because of the reactivity of these compounds, a detailed conditioning procedure was employed for the glass system. A mechanism consistant with the kinetic data and suggested by the kinetic results of thermal and photosensitized decomposition of diborane is postulated: the B5H11 is assumed to be formed from a dissociation of B2H6 into BH3's, the latter arising from an excited molecule. The B4H10 and polymer are assumed to be formed from a dissociation of B2H6 into B2H5 and H, followed by radical recombination. There is a significant difference between the kinetics of thermal and photochemical B5H11 formation, a result which may be due to the considerable energy excess of the 1849 quantum over that needed for dissociation (∼125-kcal excess). These kinetic results raise a number of interesting questions, questions which can only be resolved through further investigations of effects due to light intensity, added inert gases, and temperature. The primary quantum yield of the step forming B2H5 and H is about 10 times higher than that of the one forming BH3's. A rather rough estimate suggests that the former is of the order of magnitude of unity.
Garden Notes on New or Rare Trees and Shrubs: XX (1922)

Aucuba chinensis, Bentham.[Cornaceae.
Activation of cardiac<scp>M</scp><sub>3</sub>muscarinic acetylcholine receptors has cardioprotective effects against ischaemia‐induced arrhythmias (2012)

Increasing evidence indicates the important roles of M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M(3) mAChR) in the regulation and maintenance of cardiac function and heart disease. In the present study, we investigated whether the M(3) mAChR mediates the cardioprotection against ischaemia-induced arrhythmias and the mechanisms involved. Myocardial ischaemia was established in Wistar rats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were treated with choline chloride (an M(3) mAChR agonist; 10 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before occlusion. In addition, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide (4-DAMP; 0.12 μg/kg, i.v.) was administered 5 min before choline in the 4-DAMP-treated group. Ischaemia-induced arrhythmias were evaluated in each group for a period of 1 h after occlusion. After 24 h occlusion, protein and mRNA levels of L-type Ca(2+) channels and the Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) were determined. Ischaemia-induced arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion were diminished by choline and this effect was reversed in the 4-DAMP-treated group. In vitro, the effects of myocardial ischaemia were simulated by incubating isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes with Tyrode's solution (pH 6.8). Intracellular Ca(2+) overload was confirmed and this was decreased by choline. Furthermore, choline reduced the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(C) (a,) (L) ) compared with cardiomyocytes incubated in Tyrode's solution (pH 6.8) alone. Choline reduced the 'ischaemia'-induced upregulated expression of L-type Ca(2+) channels and NCX at both the protein and mRNA level. Based on these results, choline has an obvious protective effect against ischaemia-induced arrhythmias that is mediated via activation of cardiac M(3) mAChR, which reduces Ca(2+) overload mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channels and the NCX.
Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth: Sex Pheromone Identification and Synthesis (1975)

The sex pheromone of the Douglass-fir tussock moth Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) has been isolated and identified as (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one. This compound and its E isomer have been synthesized and are highly potent in laboratory bioassays and field trials.
Directing carbohydrates toward ethanol using mesophilic microbial communities (2021)

Bioethanol production is an established biotechnological process. Margins are low which prevent a larger scale production of bioethanol. As a large part of the production cost is due to the feedstock, the use of low value unsterile feedstocks fermented by microbial communities will enable a more cost-competitive bioethanol production. To select for high yield ethanol producing communities, three selective conditions are proposed: acid washing of the cells after fermentation, a low pH (<5) during the fermentation and microaerobiosis at the start of the fermentation. Ethanol producers, such as Zymomonas species and yeasts, compete for carbohydrates with volatile fatty acid and lactic acid producing bacteria. Creating effective consortia of lactic acid bacteria and homo-ethanol producers at low pH will lead to robust and competitive ethanol yields and titres. A conceptual design of an ecology-based bioethanol production process is proposed using food waste to produce bioethanol, electricity, digestate and heat.
A Folded Edge-Coupled Transformer Balun in GaAs with Excellent Balance from 9 to 20 GHz (2018)

A folded edge-coupled transformer balun is presented with excellent balance and 3-dB bandwidth from 9 to 20 GHz. Three structures were simulated; straight, folded, spiralled; to study the trade-off between the circuit size and balance performance. A simplified lumped equivalent circuit model of the transformer balun is also shown. The transformer balun was implemented with two-port characterization structures to accurately measure the balance. The measured magnitude and phase imbalances are less than 0.3 dB and 0.7° from 2 to 25 GHz, surpassing previously reported results for GaAs baluns. The balun was fabricated in a 0.1 μm GaAs pHEMT technology and occupies 0.24 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This paper also highlights that the edge-coupling is preferred for GaAs technology baluns due to restrictions in metal fabrication.
Binary-optic smoothing with isotropic etching (1997)

Binary optics are an important part of modern optics, but they have some inherent problems because of their binary nature. The optics cannot achieve maximum efficiency unless the rms surface error can be reduced. A technique for smoothing jagged surfaces by use of isotropic etching is presented. We show that etching smoothes the binary nature and improves the optical efficiency.
Design of Multi-Level Guyed Towers: Structural Analysis (1957)

Analysis of shaft on rigid and elastic supports; effect of eccentricity of vertical component of resultant of guy forces at each guy level; effect of distortion of shaft; torsion of shaft; graphical solution to determine spring constants developed.
Dynamic posturography: analysis of error in force plate measurement of postural sway (1992)

EquiTest, a framework for the analysis of error in dynamic posturography, is described. Results presented indicate that systematic errors may be present when force plate data are used to estimate body sway. The response parameters in EquiTest are derived from measured forces. Two of these parameters, equilibrium score (ES) and strategy score (SS), are analyzed. ES is shown to be affected by the dynamic component of body sway. The analysis of error for SS suggests that this score is a poor indicator of the relative movements of the upper and lower body.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Volume holographic imaging of three-dimensional objects</title> (1999)

Spherical-reference volume holograms exhibit spatial selectivity to the location and color of the reconstructing beam. We show that this property enables tomographic operations on extended incoherent polychromatic objects, and derive the shapes and spectral contents of the reconstructed slices for several holographic arrangements.
Effective hash-based IPv6 longest prefix match (2011)

With the growing speed of computer networks, the core routers have to increase performance of longest prefix match (LPM) operation on IP address. While existing LPM algorithms are able to achieve high throughput for IPv4 addresses, the IPv6 processing speed is limited. In this paper we propose a new Hast-Tree Bitmap algorithm for fast longest prefix match for both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. The algorithm is able to achieve high throughput for a long IPv6 addresses by fast hash function which is used to jump over the sparse part of the IP prefix tree. The proposed algorithm was mapped to the highly pipelined hardware architecture, which offers well balanced resource requirements for IPv6 look-up and is able to achieve a wire-speed throughput for 100 Gbps networks.
<title>Machine vision inspection of technical ceramics</title> (1996)

Coors Ceramics Company produces flat rectangular ceramic substrates for technical applications. Presently, finished substrates are inspected by human inspectors for dimensional tolerance and for the absence of a variety of possible surface defects. In a two-phase effort, we developed a system that could measure part dimensional parameters and inspect for surface defects. Dimensional parameters include part width, length, edge straightness, and corner perpendicularity. Surface defects include surface contamination, blemishes, open cracks, edge chips, burrs, pits, dents, ridges, blisters, and hairline cracks. We employed highly parallel pipeline image processing hardware to achieve a throughput rate of 1 part every 2 seconds.
Artificial Neural Network Drilling Parameter Optimization System Improves ROP by Predicting/Managing Bit Wear (2012)

Abstract Tool manufacturers have made significant progress improving downhole drilling technologies, but little effort has focused on optimizing the drilling process. The set-it-and-forget-it approach and inherent inefficiencies of the automatic driller are inadequate for keeping bit parameters matched to lithology and wellbore conditions. The industry requires a new methodology to help rig-site personnel make informed drilling parameter decisions based on real-time offset data analysis that increases operating efficiency to reduce drilling costs. To solve the problem an artificial neural network (ANN) drilling parameter optimization system was developed to provide rig-site personnel real-time information to ensure maximum run length from all bits and downhole tools at the highest possible ROP. Benefits of the new system include extended tool life, fewer trips and the ability to manage the bits dull condition. The objective is to replace the human factor of applying operating parameters such as WOB and RPM with the intelligent ANN learned experience. Using the ANN software system, operating parameters can be selected based on the documented physical rock characteristics (offset log data) of formations being penetrated and then fine tuned for the bits specific cutting structure and wear rate. By following the real-time ANN recommendations, changes can be implemented to increase overall ROP while maximizing bit life by managing the dull condition. The overall project results were positive and proved successful in all the trails carried out after this field trial. This paper will address the methodology of the new approach and highlight the importance of planning and implementing the drilling parameters in realtime.
Twin Thermocouples for Registration of Breathing-rate (1970)

A new probe for registration of respiration rate is described. It consists of two thermocouples connected in series and gives a graphic representation of the respiratory phases on an ECG taken concomitantly. It works when the patient breathes through his mouth or his nose or both. It is cheap and needs no energy, a DC-preamplifier connected to the ECG-equipment being the only equipment required.
Effect of vitamin E on lipid components of atherogenic rats. (1989)

Rats were made atherogenic by feeding a synthetic diet containing high fat (20%) and cholesterol (2%) for two, three or four weeks. For alpha-tocopherol acetate supplementation studies, the rats on atherogenic diet for two weeks received alpha-tocopherol acetate 5 mg or 20 mg/100 g body weight once daily, orally for two weeks along with the atherogenic diet. Atherogenic diet fed rats showed elevated plasma cholesterol, hepatic total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol and the increase in the constituents paralleled the period of feeding the diet. Administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate lowered the plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipid components in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol acetate reduced the elevated osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from atherogenic diet fed rats to that of control levels. Thus alpha-tocopherol acetate administration to experimental atherogenic rats could normalize the altered lipid profile of atherogenesis and thereby reduce the risk for infarction.
Heated Zirconia Oxygen Sensor for Stoichiometric and Lean Air-Fuel Ratios (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This publication describes the design and operation of an electrically heated ZrO<sub>2</sub> sensor and demonstrates its advantages in comparison to the present unheated sensor in a λ = 1 system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Control ability down to very low exhaust temperatures, minimized temperature dependence and reduced aging effects result in lower emissions with the heated sensor. The application advantages in a λ = 1 system are discussed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The second part of the paper discribes the properties of this heated sensor for measurement of lean exhaust gas. The λ-range 1.0 to 1.5 can be covered without any additional temperature compensation with sufficient accuracy and stability over life time.</div>
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing of below-knee prosthetics (2002)

The purpose of this research is to automate the design of lower limb prosthetics, specifically below-knee prosthetics, for patients who have undergone a loss of one of their lower limbs. It is shown how CAD and CAM will enable the prosthetist the opportunity to fully design the prosthesis using three-dimensional solid modeling as a medium, before final fabrication is completed. The designs will become more exact, requiring less of an artisan attempt at design. In the case of patients, who will require several prosthetic devices throughout their lives, the ability to store data on the progress of the prosthetic device may become a valuable tool in the overall rehabilitation and development of the patient. It is hoped that the use of CAD/CAM in the design and fabrication of children's prosthetic devices will enable faster preparation and fitting times than exist today.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>