gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general multistate model for the analysis of hydrogen‐exchange kinetics (1980)

Abstract In proton nmr, the chemical exchange rates of slowly exchanging labile hydrogens (with lifetimes in the range ∼ 10 msec – ∼ 1 sec) of peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids can be measured in H 2 O by a combination of two separate experiments: (1) the transfer of solvent saturation and (2) saturation‐recovery experiments. When these molecules exist in a dynamic equilibrium among different conformations, the experiments cannot be analyzed in a straightforward manner to derive the intrinsic exchange rates. In the present study we have derived analytical expressions for the above two experiments on a biomolecule under certain limiting conditions: (1) the extreme low‐motility limit, where each of the conformational transitions is much slower than the corresponding hydrogen exchange rate with the solvent; (2) the high‐motility limit (EX 2 mechanism), which is the opposite extreme of the previous limit; and (3) the low‐motility limit (EX 1 mechanism), which is a mixture of limits (1) and (2), i.e., for some of the conformations, the exchange rate with the solvent is much faster than their conformational transition rates, while for the remaining conformations the reverse situation is realized. The results may be considered as a generalization to an arbitrary number of states of the two‐state model treated by Hvidt. Equations have also been derived that are applicable to the iostope exchange method of measuring very slow exchange rates (with life‐times of the order of minutes and longer) in biomolecules. The saturation recovery experiments performed in H 2 O on the active pentapeptide fragment of thymopoietin serve to illustrate the high‐motility limit. The theoretical formulation presented in this study can be easily adapted to other double‐resonance techniques and also to situations where the kinetics of an arbitrary system existing in a multistate equilibrium are of interest.
Oil pressure characteristic of automatic transmission's shift control unit and clutch failure analysis (2010)

This paper researches on oil pressure characreristic in the shift control unit of a heavy vehicle's automatic transmission. The simulation model of its control unit was founded in the ITI-SimulationX software. Through a bench experiment, the correctness and effectiveness of the model has been checked. To solve the early failure problem of the clutch in the road test, optimizing its oil characteristic in the model by adjusting parameters and improving the model structure. The optimization results indicated that two factors, impacts between hydraulic control units when shifting and long time of sliding friction, were the major reasons leading to early failure. Modifying the structure of the AT prototype according to its simulation model, the early failure problem has been solved effectively.
A Radar-based system to estimate the 3D vibrational motion of gas pipes (2013)

Email\n Print\n Request Permissions\n Save to Project\n\nThe work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a Radar-based system for the estimation of the 3D vibrational motion of gas pipes. The high-level system architecture is presented together with the expected performance of the system. An insight into the main issue to be faced to make the system working is also given.
[Correlation of serum markers with fibrosis staging in chronic viral hepatitis]. (1998)

Serum fibrosis markers are fairly well correlated with the staging of fibrosis and are considered to be the valuable references for clinical diagnosis. The close correlation between inflammation process and fibrosis suggests that the inflammatory process plays an important role in fibrogenesis.
RUM: a layered architecture for reasoning with uncertainty (1987)

New reasoning techniques for dealing with uncertainty in expert systems have been embedded in RUM, a Reasoning with Uncertainty Module. RUM is an integrated software tool based on a frame system (KEE) that is implemented in an object oriented language. RUM&apos;s capabilities are subdivided into three layers: representation, inference, and control. The representation layer is based on frame-like data struc tures that capture the uncertainty information used in the inference layer and the uncertainty mete-information used in the control layer. Linguistic probabilities are used to describe the lower and upper bounds of the certainty mea sure attached to a well formed formula. The source and the conditions under which the information was obtained represent the non-numerical meta-information. The inference layer provides the uncertainty calculi with which to perform the intersection, detachment, union, and pooling of information. Five uncertainty calculi, based on their underlying Triangular norms, are used in this layer. The control layer uses the meta-information to select the appropriate calculus for each context and to resolve even tual ignorance or conflict in the information. This layer enables the programmer to declaratively express the local (context dependent) meta-knowledge that will substitute for the global assumptions traditionally used in uncertain reasoning. RUM has been tested in a sequence of experiments in both naval and aerial situation assessment, consisting of correlating reports and tracks, locating and classifying platforms, and identifying intents and threats. I.
Fusarium Infection after Solid-Organ Transplantation (2001)

We describe a case of soft tissue infection caused by Fusarium species in a heart-liver transplant recipient, and review the cases of fusarial infection reported among solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Unlike fusarial infection in patients with hematologic malignancies or bone marrow transplants, fusarial infection in SOT recipients tends to be localized, occurs later in the posttransplantation period, and has a better outcome. Surgical resection, when possible, and prolonged treatment with amphotericin provide the most effective form of therapy.
An Anti-Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Antibody (ATN-658) Blocks Prostate Cancer Invasion, Migration, Growth, and Experimental Skeletal Metastasis In Vitro and In Vivo (2010)

Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a multidomain protein that plays important roles in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of a number of cancers. In the present study, we examined the effects of administration of a monoclonal anti-uPAR antibody (ATN-658) on prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effect of treatment of ATN-658 on human prostate cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. For in vivo studies, PC-3 cells (1 x 10(6)) were inoculated into the right flank of male Balb C nu/nu mice through subcutaneous or through intratibial route (2 x 10(5)) of male Fox Chase severe combined immunodeficient mice to monitor the effect on tumor growth and skeletal metastasis. Treatment with ATN-658 resulted in a significant dose-dependent decrease in PC-3 cell invasion and migration without affecting cell doubling time. Western blot analysis showed that ATN-658 treatment decreased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) without affecting AKT, MAPK, and FAK total protein expression. In in vivo studies, ATN-658 caused a significant decrease in tumor volume and a marked reduction in skeletal lesions as determined by Faxitron x-ray and micro-computed tomography. Immunohistochemical analysis of subcutaneous and tibial tumors showed a marked decrease in the levels of expression of pAKT, pMAPK, and pFAK, consistent with the in vitro observations. Results from these studies provide compelling evidence for the continued development of ATN-658 as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of prostate and other cancers expressing uPAR.
Identification of the essential histidine residue at the active site of Escherichia coli dehydroquinase. (1992)

The shikimate pathway enzyme 3-dehydroquinase is very susceptible to inactivation by the group-specific reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEP). Inactivation follows pseudo first-order kinetics and exhibits a second-order rate constant of 148.5 M-1 min-1. An equilibrium mixture of substrate and product substantially protects against inactivation by DEP, suggesting that residues within the active site are being modified. Complete inactivation of the enzyme correlates with the modification of 6 histidine residues/subunit as determined by difference spectroscopy at 240 nm. Enzymic activity can be restored by hydroxylamine treatment, which is also consistent with the modification occurring at histidine residues. Using the kinetic method of Tsou (Tsou, C.-L. (1962) Sci. Sin. 11, 1535-1558), it was shown that modification of a single histidine residue leads to inactivation. Ligand protection experiments also indicated that 1 histidine residue was protected from DEP modification. pH studies show that the pKa for this inactivation is 6.18, which is identical to the single pKa determined from the pH/log Vmax profile for the enzyme. A single active site peptide was identified by differential peptide mapping in the presence and absence of ligand. This peptide was found to comprise residues 141-158; of the 2 histidines in this peptide (His-143 and His-146), only one, His-143, is conserved among all type I dehydroquinases. We propose that His-143 is the active site histidine responsible for DEP-mediated inactivation of dehydroquinase and is a good candidate for the general base that has been postulated to participate in the mechanism of this enzyme.
Recent advances in the application of computational intelligence techniques in oil and gas reservoir characterisation: a comparative study (2014)

A comparative study of the predictive capabilities of recent advances in computational intelligence (CI) is presented. This study utilised the machine learning paradigm to evaluate the CI techniques while applying them to the prediction of porosity and permeability of heterogeneous petroleum reservoirs using six diverse well data sets. Porosity and permeability are the major petroleum reservoir properties that serve as indicators of reservoir quality and quantity. The results showed that the performance of support vector machines (SVM) and functional networks (FN) is competitively better than that of Type-2 fuzzy logic system (T2FLS) in terms of correlation coefficient. With execution time, FN and SVM were faster than T2FLS, which took the most time for both training and testing. The results also demonstrated the capability of SVM to handle small data sets. This work will assist artificial intelligence practitioners to determine the most appropriate technique to use especially in conditions of limited amount of data and low processing power.
A DDS-oriented phase-to-amplitude converter using a SiGe:C bipolar transistors differential pair (2005)

A phase-to-amplitude converter using a bipolar transistor differential pair with an 8-bits digital-to-analog converter is reported. This technique provides significant saving in power consumption and die size due to the elimination of the ROM and/or complex compute circuit. It renders the design of direct digital synthesizer usable for microwave wireless systems. The circuit has been processed in 0.25 /spl mu/ BiCMOS SiGe: C technology. The measured rejection for the first and the second harmonic is respectively -37 dBc and -63 dBc. The 8-bits D/A converter integral non-linearity and differential non-linearity errors are under 1 LSB. The circuit power consumption is 115 mW and operates from a single 2.7 V supply.
Well-Test Model Identification With Self-Organizing Feature Map (1996)

Summary Well-test data have been used traditionally for determining a variety of reservoir parameters, such as average permeability, storage capacity, reservoir damage, presence of faults and fractures, and reservoir mechanism. A number of techniques, both conventional methods, such as type-curve matching and numerical simulation, and artificial intelligence (AI) methods, have been used for identifying well-test models. These methods are laborious and time-consuming and at times give incorrect results. Artificial neural networks (ANN's) are recent developments in computer vision and image analysis. These networks are specialized computer software that generate a strategy to produce nonlinear mapping functions for complex problems. ANN's are commonly used as a tool for recognizing an object or predicting an event given an associated pattern. Only a limited number of applications of ANN for analyzing well-test data have been reported. These applications are mostly model-specific (developed for specific reservoir models) and, hence, are not general enough. This paper presents a new method based on ANN's that uses Ko-honen's self-organizing feature (SOF) mapping technique to identify well-test interpretation models. By grouping well-test data into distinct categories, the SOF algorithm produces a general mapping function. This method can help analyze well-test data from a large variety of reservoirs (including reservoirs with faults, fractures, boundaries, etc.) more efficiently and inexpensively than was feasible previously.
Irradiation-Induced Photoconductivity in Magnesium Oxide (1953)

Crystals of magnesium oxide have been colored by irradiation with ultraviolet light and neutrons. The spectral distribution of optical absorption has the form of a gradually increasing tail extending from the visible region to the far ultraviolet upon which are superimposed several absorption bands. Photoconductivity in single crystals of magnesium oxide was measured by a dc method using a vibrating reed electrometer. The spectral distribution of photoconductivity is characterized by a gradually rising tail with superimposed peaks at 2.1, 3.7, and 4.8 ev, corresponding to known optical absorption bands. A photoconductivity band was found at 1.2 ev which has not been detected by optical absorption measurements. Irradiation of the crystals by ultraviolet light causes an enhancement of the photoconductivity subsequently measured in the 1.2- and 2.1-ev bands. The enhancement effect reaches a saturation level which is independent of the intensity of the ultraviolet light and which is a measure of the density of imperfections in the crystal lattice. The ultraviolet activated region can be displaced by an electric field in such a direction as to indicate that the charge carriers are holes in the valence band. Neutron irradiation of the crystals gives rise to a thermally unstable enhancement of photoconductivity throughout the spectrum and also causes an increase in the level of saturation of the ultraviolet activation. The latter increase is stable at room temperature and indicates that the neutron irradiation produces new lattice defects. This effect saturates with increasing neutron flux. An estimate of the density of lattice defects can be made from the photoconductivity. An energy-level model is proposed to explain the various photoconductivity bands and the enhancement and saturation effects.
THE ABSORPTION OF METHANE AND ETHANE BY FUMING SULPHURIC ACID.<sup>2</sup> (1899)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ABSORPTION OF METHANE AND ETHANE BY FUMING SULPHURIC ACID.2R. A. WorstallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1899, 21, 3, 245–250Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1899Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1899https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02053a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02053a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monolithic integration of RF-MEMS and semiconductor devices for the K-band (2003)

In this paper a process for complete monolithic integration of semiconductor devices and radio-frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems (RF-MEMS) on a single substrate is presented. Our attempt was to combine RF-Schottky-Diodes to form sub-harmonic mixer and RF-MEMS-phaseshifters on a single chip. The diodes were etched from a molecular beam epitaxy grown silicon stack using two mesa etching steps. Nickel forms a nickel-silicon alloy (nickel silicide) during a rapid thermal processing step acting as Schottky-metallisation. On this stack, the RF-MEMS-fabrication starts with its metallisation layers as a back-end process. To insulate the relatively high actuation voltage (20-40 V) from the RF circuitry, a new concept for bias decoupling is presented. To demonstrate the functionality of the semiconductor integration approach, a mixer for 24 <i>GHz</i> has been designed in coplanar waveguide technology, the local oscillator frequency is at 12 <i>GHz</i>. Fabricated within the same run, switched line phaseshifters are used to show the MEMS capabilities. First tests of diodes revealed good results in their DC- and RF characteristics, the conversion loss of the subharmonic zero biased mixer reached 20 <i>dB</i> for 6 <i>dBm</i> power of the local oscillator. Fabricated teststructures of the phaseshifters achieved good results showing that transmission losses lower than 3 dB at a phaseshift of 180° can be reached.
Actin polymerization modulates CD44 surface expression, MMP‐9 activation, and osteoclast function (2007)

CD44 and MMP-9 are implicated in cell migration. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that actin polymerization is critical for CD44 surface expression and MMP-9 activity on the cell surface. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in CD44 surface expression and MMP-9 activity on the cell surface, osteoclasts were treated with bisphosphonate (BP) alendronate, cytochalasin D (Cyt D), and a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor (GM6001). BP has been reported to block the mevalonate pathway, thereby preventing prenylation of small GTPase signaling required for actin cytoskeleton modulation. We show in this study that osteoclasts secrete CD44 and MMP-9 into the resorption bay during migration and bone resorption. Results indicate that actin polymerization is critical for CD44 surface expression and osteoclast function. In particular, the surface expression of CD44 and the membrane activity of MMP-9 are reduced in osteoclasts treated with alendronate and Cyt D despite the membrane levels of MMP-9 being unaffected. Although GM6001 blocked MMP-9 activity, osteoclast migration, and bone resorption, the surface levels of CD44 were unaffected. We suggest that the surface expression of CD44 requires actin polymerization. Disruption of podosome and actin ring structures by Cyt D and alendronate not only resulted in reduced localization of MMP-9 in these structures but also in osteoclast migration and bone resorption. These results suggest that inhibition of actin polymerization by alendronate and Cyt D is effective in blocking CD44/MMP-9 complex formation on the cell surface, secretion of active form of MMP-9, and osteoclast migration. CD44/MMP-9 complex formation may signify a unique motility-enhancing signal in osteoclast function.
Phosphatidylglycerol in lung surfactant. III. Possible modifier of surfactant function (1976)

Lamellar bodies and alveolar lavage from adult mammalian lung contain unusually high concentrations of phosphatidylglycerol that could serve as a sensitive indicator of surfactant. Phosphatidylglycerol was absent and phosphatidylinositol was correspondingly prominent in surfactant from the preterm rabbit fetus. Phosphatidylglycerol rapidly appeared and phosphatidylinositol decreased following the delivery. Surfactant isolated from the prematurely born rabbit or from humans with respiratory distress syndrome never contained phosphatidylglycerol. Comparison between lamellar bodies from fetal and postnatal rabbits revealed remarkably similar composition except for the acidic phospholipids; however, the physico-chemical properties were different. The compressibility of the surface film (i.e. the ratio of the fractional decrease in surface area and the corresponding decrease in surface tension) at low surface tensions was higher with fetal than with postnatal surfactant, whereas the difference in minimum surface tensions was small. These data suggest that phosphatidylglycerol is not an essential component required for the formation of the complex, but it improves the properties of surfactant in stabilizing the alveoli.
Early formation of chemical vapor deposition diamond films (1990)

Nanometer-size diamond particles formed on a silicon substrate by the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition method were examined by a high-resolution electron microscope. The particles developed well-faceted cuboctahedral habits. Examination of their morphologies and microstructures provides a wealth of information on their crystal growth mechanism. The effect of the pretreatment of the substrate by diamond powder, which has been known to enhance thin-film growth, was found to be due to seeding by ‘‘diamond dust’’ on the substrate surface.
Ethical Decision Making in Software Piracy: Initial Development and Test of a Four-Component Model1 (2006)

Software piracy costs the software industry billions of dollars each year. To better understand piracy, we propose a model of ethical decision making that is an adaptation of the four-component model of morality. This model defines four internal processes that result in external moral behavior: recognition, judgment, intention, and behavior. We test our model with a sample of Information Systems students in Hong Kong who provided measures of self-reported behavior regarding levels of buying and using pirated software. Using partial least squares, we investigated the causal pathways of the model and the effects of age and gender. We find that use is determined by buying, buying is determined by intention, and intention is determined by judgment. Although respondents recognized software piracy as an infringement of intellectual property rights, this fact did not affect their judgment of the morality of the act. Significant differences are also found in the ethical decision-making process based on age but only limited differences based on gender. The implications of these results, including the development of a professional ethics program, are discussed.