gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A robust and efficient video representation for action recognition (2015)

This paper introduces a state-of-the-art video representation and applies it to efficient action recognition and detection. We first propose to improve the popular dense trajectory features by explicit camera motion estimation. More specifically, we extract feature point matches between frames using SURF descriptors and dense optical flow. The matches are used to estimate a homography with RANSAC. To improve the robustness of homography estimation, a human detector is employed to remove outlier matches from the human body as human motion is not constrained by the camera. Trajectories consistent with the homography are considered as due to camera motion, and thus removed. We also use the homography to cancel out camera motion from the optical flow. This results in significant improvement on motion-based HOF and MBH descriptors. We further explore the recent Fisher vector as an alternative feature encoding approach to the standard bag-of-words histogram, and consider different ways to include spatial layout information in these encodings. We present a large and varied set of evaluations, considering (i) classification of short basic actions on six datasets, (ii) localization of such actions in feature-length movies, and (iii) large-scale recognition of complex events. We find that our improved trajectory features significantly outperform previous dense trajectories, and that Fisher vectors are superior to bag-of-words encodings for video recognition tasks. In all three tasks, we show substantial improvements over the state-of-the-art results.
Mutation of HERC2 causes developmental delay with Angelman-like features (2012)

Our data implicate a model in which disruption of HERC2 function relates to a reduction in E6AP activity resulting in neurodevelopmental delay, suggesting a previously unrecognised role of HERC2 in the pathogenesis of AS.
Therapeutic effect of the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide, but not pomalidomide, in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (2017)

Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) with proven therapeutic action in several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases; however, its inherent high toxicity has led to the development of more powerful and safer thalidomide analogs, including lenalidomide and pomalidomide. These are new generation IMiDs that exhibit direct antitumor activity as well as anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties, and are FDA-approved for the treatment of several hematological malignances. Here we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of lenalidomide and pomalidomide in several experimental murine models of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- and dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease and type II collagen-induced arthritis. Lenalidomide displayed a strong therapeutic effect in all these models of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, while the effect of pomalidomide was less pronounced. In vitro experiments confirmed the immunosuppressive effect of both IMiDs on the proliferative response of stimulated human lymphocytes and on the balance of secreted cytokines toward an anti-inflammatory profile. We conclude that lenalidomide may offer a therapeutic opportunity against autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein and Asporin Polymorphisms Are Independent Risk Factors of Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Male Collegiate Athletes (2013)

The CILP and ASPN polymorphisms are independent genetic risk factors for LDDG in male but not female Japanese collegiate athletes.
Correlation of Blood-Glucose Control with Oxidative Metabolites in Plasma and Vitreous Body of Diabetic Patients (2002)

Strict blood-glucose control leads to reduced oxidative tissue damage both systemically and locally in the eye, and reduced proliferative activity. Oxidative metabolites can stimulate proliferation by increasing the amounts of different growth factors an cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Thus, it can be speculated that in hyperglycemia the relative increase of oxidative metabolites contributes both to damage of retinal vessels and to more pronounced proliferative activity in diabetic retinopathy.
A fully integrated Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ trench capacitor DRAM for sub-100 nm technology (2003)

For the first time, fully integrated 128 Mb trench DRAMs using Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ as high-k node dielectric in silicon-insulator-silicon (SIS) capacitors were successfully fabricated. A highly manufacturable integration scheme for Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ as node dielectric in trench capacitors was developed and successfully implemented in a 170 nm ground rule technology. A capacitance close to 50 fF/cell with leakage current well below 1 fA/cell was achieved, leading to significantly improved retention characteristics. 128 Mb DRAM devices with full functionality and excellent test yields were obtained. The scalability of this technology to smaller dimensions is demonstrated by the integration of ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ into 110 nm ground rule trench capacitors. In addition, trench capacitors with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ on hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon were fabricated, exhibiting high capacitance enhancement with low leakage current.
Genetic relatedness of the novel human group C betacoronavirus to <i>Tylonycteris</i> bat coronavirus HKU4 and <i>Pipistrellus</i> bat coronavirus HKU5 (2012)

The recent outbreak of severe respiratory infections associated with a novel group C betacoronavirus (HCoV-EMC) from Saudi Arabia has drawn global attention to another highly probable "SARS-like" animal-to-human interspecies jumping event in coronavirus (CoV). The genome of HCoV-EMC is most closely related to Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV HKU4) and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 (Pi-BatCoV HKU5) we discovered in 2006. Phylogenetically, HCoV-EMC is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5 with high bootstrap supports, indicating that HCoV-EMC is a group C betaCoV. The major difference between HCoV-EMC and Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5 is in the region between S and E, where HCoV-EMC possesses five ORFs (NS3a-NS3e) instead of four, with low (31%-62%) amino acid identities to Ty-BatCoV HKU4/Pi-BatCoV HKU5. Comparison of the seven conserved replicase domains for species demarcation shows that HCoV-EMC is a novel CoV species. More intensive surveillance studies in bats and other animals may reveal the natural host of HCoV-EMC.
Towards Understanding the Aetiology and Pathophysiology of the Emetic Reflex: Novel Approaches to Antiemetic Drugs (1996)

The introduction of 5-HT3 antagonists, such as ondansetron, as antiemetic agents has transformed the management of patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Studies in animal models with NK1 antagonists suggest that these represent a new class of antiemetic agents having a broader spectrum of activity than 5-HT3 antagonists. Compounds of this class may prove to be more effective in man against delayed emesis induced by cisplatin, post-operative nausea and vomiting and motion sickness. Thus, they have the potential to complement 5-HT3 antagonists and so provide a further advance in the management of nausea and vomiting.
ZnO Nanoparticles−CdS Quantum Dots/N3 Dye Molecules: Dual Photosensitization (2009)

We developed dual photosensitization, in which CdS quantum dots serve as a sandwich layer between the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and N3 dye molecules, alleviating the serious issues of CdS photocorrosion and the Zn2+/N3 dye complex formation leading to insulating surface aggregation. The improvement in the solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency from 0.11 and 0.85 to 3.04% when compared to ZnO/N3 and ZnO−CdS, respectively, is attributed to the effective coupling between the ZnO NPs/N3 dye molecules in the presence of CdS QDs, which in turn enhances the rate of electron injection due to the faster electron injection and transfer rate. Strong ZnO NPs−CdS QDs linking is explored systematically using UV−vis spectroscopy and is interpreted with a charge transfer resistance obtained from impedance spectroscopy studies.
Economics, accounting, and property theory (1982)

As a common environmental pollutant, nickel chloride (NiCl<sub>2</sub>) poses serious threat to human and animals health. NiCl<sub>2</sub> has adverse effects on reproductive function in male, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully illuminated. In this study, 64 male ICR mice were divided into four groups (8 mice per each period/ group), in which mice orally administrated with 0, 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg body weight for 14 or 28 consecutive days, respectively. The results showed that the sperm concentration (12.95%, 29.78% and 37.63% -) and sperm motility (19.79%, 34.88% and 43.10%) were dose-dependent significantly reduced, and the total sperm malformation rates (110.15%, 206.84% and 292.27%) were dose-dependent significantly elevated in the 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg NiCl<sub>2</sub> treatment groups (vs control at 28 days), respectively (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, NiCl<sub>2</sub> also decreased the relative weights of testis and epididymis and caused histopathological lesions of testis and epididymis. Furthermore, serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased after NiCl<sub>2</sub> treatment. And the findings showed that NiCl<sub>2</sub> down-regulated the expression of LH-R, StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, ABP and INHβB in the testis, however, the relative genes in the hypothalamus (Kiss-1, GPR54 and GnRH) and pituitary (GnRH-R, LHβ and FSHβ) did not exhibit noticeable change. In summary, NiCl<sub>2</sub> induced spermatogenesis disorder by testicular damage and hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis disruption in mice, and only impaired the genes on the testis of HPT axis.
Dependence of the efficiency of spin Hall torque on the transparency of Pt/ferromagnetic layer interfaces (2015)

A systematic study of both the harmonic response and spin torque ferromagnetic resonance demonstrates that the spin Hall torque efficiency in a Pt-ferromagnetic (FM) structure is strongly dependent on the interface properties and the choice of the ferromagnetic materials, a key point that has until now not been made in spin Hall studies.
Strategies toward predicting peptide cellular permeability from computed molecular descriptors (1999)

The therapeutic efficacy of an orally administered drug is dictated not only by its pharmacological properties such as potency and selectivity, but also its pharmacokinetic properties such as its access to the site of activity. Thorough evaluation of the physicochemical and biological barriers to drug delivery is essential to the selection and successful development of drug candidates. We have demonstrated previously that cellular permeability, as a primary component of drug delivery, is principally dependent upon the desolvation potential of the polar functionalities in the molecule and, secondarily, upon the solute lipophilicity [Conradi, R.A., Hilgers, A.R., Ho, N.F.H., Burton, P.S. (1992). The influence of peptide structure on transport across Caco-2 cells. II. Peptide bond modification which results in improved permeability. Pharm. Res. 9, 473-479]. Increasingly sophisticated computational methods are becoming available for describing molecular structural features proposed to correlate with such molecular physicochemical determinants of permeability. Herein we examine the relationships of various computationally derived molecular geometric descriptors for a set of peptides and peptidomimetics, in the context of experimentally measured hydrogen-bond potentials and lipophilicities, with their cellular permeabilities. These descriptors include molecular volume, polar and non-polar surface areas and projected molecular cross-sectional areas. Particular attention is paid to the roles of solvation treatments and other computational factors in descriptor generation, deconvolution of cellular transport mechanisms and statistical analyses of the resulting data for the development of valid, structure-based and mechanistically meaningful models of cellular permeability. No significant correlation of cellular permeability with computed descriptors was found. This was primarily because of our inability to identify surrogates for hydrogen-bond desolvation potential for the solutes from among these descriptors.
Conserved sequences in enzymes of the UDP-GlcNAc/MurNAc family are essential in hamster UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase (1998)

The UDP-GlcNAc/MurNAc family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes use UDP-GlcNAc or UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide as donors, dolichol-P or polyprenol-P as acceptors, and generate sugar-P-P-polyisoprenols. A series of six conserved sequences, designated A through F and ranging from 5 to 13 amino acid residues, has been identified in this family. To determine whether these conserved sequences are required for enzyme function, various mutations were examined in hamster UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase (GPT). Scramble mutations of sequences B-F, generated by scrambling the residues within each sequence, demonstrated that each is important in GPT. While E and F scrambles appeared to prevent stable expression of GPT, scrambling of B-D resulted in GPT mutants that could be stably expressed and bound tunicamycin, but lacked enzymatic activity. Further, the C and D scramble mutants had an unexpected sorting defect. Replacement of sequences B-F with prokaryotic counterparts from either the B.subtilis mraY or E.coli rfe genes also affected GPT by preventing expression of the mutant protein (B, F) or inhibiting its enzymatic activity (C-E). For the C-E replacements, no acquisition of acceptor activity for polyprenol-P, the fully unsaturated natural bacterial acceptor, was detected. These studies show that the conserved sequences of the UDP-GlcNAc/MurNAc family are important, and that the eukaryotic and prokaryotic counterparts are not freely interchangeable. Since several mutants were efficiently expressed and bound tunicamycin, yet lacked enzymatic activity, the data are consistent with these sequences having a direct role in product formation.
Revisionary synopsis of the Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of North and Middle America. (1990)

Considerable nomenclatural revision of the North and Middle American Baetidae has resulted from comprehensive research aimed at formulating a phylogenetic classification. The 17 Nearctic species in Pseudocloeon not previously assigned to Acentrella or Apobaetis are newly placed in Baetis or Barbaetis. Cloeon in the area is restricted to C. cognatum, while two species previously in Cloeon are placed in Centroptilum and nine in Procloeon, a genus considered for the first time in the Nearctic. Definitions of Centroptilum and Procloeon are modified, both now incorporate species with hindwings and species without hindwings, and 19 species are transferred from Centroptilum to Procloeon. Pseudocentroptilum s. auctt. in North America is synonymized with Procloeon. Neocloeon is recognized as a synonym of Centroptilum s. str. and removed from synonymy with Cloeon. Dactylo baetis is placed in synonymy with Camelobaetidius, and all species, including those from South America, are newly combined. Two species of Baetis are transferred to Acerpenna, and two to Fallceon. A checklist includes 154 currently recognized species among 19 genera in the area, and incorporates 21 new species synonyms and 57 new combinations. The names Baetis armillatus and Baetis cinctutus are substituted for Pseudocloeon parvulum and Pseudocloeon cingulatum, repec tively, which otherwise attain homonymie status. Regional distributions for each species and abbreviated synonymies since 1976 are annotated to the checklist. Brief discussions of each genus include information on species diagnosis, revisionary bases, status, and needs. A guide to all nomenclatural changes and added taxa since 1976 provides the bibliographic sources of all such information and serves as a ready index to name equivalencies resulting from extensive recent and present revisions.
Synthesis, cloning and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of artificial genes coding for biologically active elongated precursors of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1988)

Synthetic genes coding for elongated precursors of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were synthesized and cloned in a highly efficient Escherichia coli expression vector. The synthetic genes code for VIP with its methionine (at position 17) replaced by leucine and elongated at the C-terminus by Gly (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-Gly, i.e. VIPa) or by Gly-Lys-Arg (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-Gly-Lys-Arg, i.e. VIPb). The synthetic genes fused to the N-terminal part of the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene were expressed to yield high amounts of fusion proteins reaching upon induction at least 60% of the total cellular protein. The fusion proteins of 314 and 316 amino acids carrying in their C-terminal portion either the 29 or 31 amino acids long VIP precursor polypeptide were shown to be immunoreactive with VIP antisera and were further purified and cleaved by CNBr. The resulting purified peptide precursors (VIPa and VIPb) were recognized by VIP receptors in rat liver plasma membranes and by antibodies to porcine VIP in a radioimmunoassay. Both precursors activated adenylate cyclase in rat liver membranes and stimulated pancreatic secretion in the cat. The affinity and potency of the cloned precursors is close to that of VIP purified from porcine intestine, suggesting that the elongated VIP precursors may act even without being converted into the C-terminal amide form of the peptide. The elongated VIP precursors expressed in E. coli may provide a cheap, large-scale source of experimental material for studies on VIP actions.
Results of VPCAR Pilot Scale and System Level Tests for the Selective Oxidation of Ammonia to Nitrogen and Water (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The cost of delivering the payloads to space increases dramatically with distance and therefore missions to deep space place a strong emphasis on reducing launch weight and eliminating resupply requirements. The Vapor Phase Catalytic Ammonia Removal (VPCAR) system, which is being developed for water purification, is an example of this focus because it has no resupply requirements. A key step in the VPCAR system is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia and volatile hydrocarbons to benign compounds such as carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen. Currently, platinum-based commercial oxidation catalysts are being used for these reactions. However, conventional platinum catalysts can convert ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) to NO and NO<sub>2</sub> (collectively referred to as NO<sub>X</sub>), which are more hazardous than ammonia.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this SBIR Phase II project TDA Research (TDA) and Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International (HSSSI) developed ammonia oxidation catalysts that are selective for nitrogen and water and we are using these to optimize the oxidation reactor design. We have identified selective catalysts and we also carried out kinetic analyses of the most active materials. TDA then designed and constructed a pilot scale oxidation reactor that operates at the reduced pressures expected in the VPCAR system. In this paper, we summarize the results obtained in tests of catalysts prepared by both TDA and HSSSI.</div>
A FIELD-ELECTRON EMISSION DETERMINATION OF THE WORK FUNCTION OF THE TUNGSTEN (211) PLANE. (1967)

A value of 6.9 plus or minus 0.5 eV has been measured for the work function of a (211) plane of a thermally-smoothed tungsten field emitter. A retarding-potential analyzer was used to obtain Fowler-Nordheim data and total-energy distributions at room temperature. A family of energy distributions has been employed according to the method of Young in order to take into account the presence of patch fields at the surface of the emitter. This value is larger by 1.5 to 2.0 eV than those determined by other methods. (Author)
An Information-Theoretic Framework for Joint CS-ICA Recovery of Sparse Biosignals (2020)

The aim of this study is to propose an information-theoretic framework for compressed sensing (CS)-independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms that can be used for the joint recovery of sparse biosignals. The proposed framework supports real-time patient monitoring systems that enhance the detection, tracking, and monitoring of vital signs remotely via wearable biosensors. Specifically, we address the problem of sparse signal recovery and acquisition in wearable biosensor networks, where we present a new analysis of CS-ICA algorithms from an information theory perspective to compute the sampling rate required to recover sparse biosignals corrupted by motion artifacts and interference, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been studied before. Our analysis and examples indicate that the proposed approach helps to develop low-cost, low-power edge computing devices while improving data quality and accuracy for a given measurement. We also show that, under noisy measurement conditions, the CS-ICA algorithm can outperform the standard CS method, where a biosignal can be retrieved in only a few measurements. By implementing the sensing framework, the error in reconstructing biosignals is reduced, and a digital-to-analog converter operates at low-speed and low-resolution.
Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging with a multi energy-channel photon-counting pixel detector (2013)

We have carried out grating-based x-ray differential phase-contrast measurements with a hybrid pixel detector in 16 energy channels simultaneously. A method for combining the energy resolved phase-contrast images based on energy weighting is presented. An improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio by 58.2% with respect to an emulated integrating detector could be observed in the final image. The same image quality could thus be achieved with this detector and with energy weighting at 60.0% reduced dose compared to an integrating detector. The benefit of the method depends on the object, spectrum, interferometer design and the detector efficiency.
Round-robin test on optical absorption at 10.6 μm (1996)

The approved Draft International Standard 11551 on test methods for absorptance of optical laser components recently passed the international voting procedure. The utility of this standard practice document is the subject of the present round robin test. In order to cover a broad range of CO<SUB>2</SUB>-laser optical components, different types of metal mirrors and transmissive ZnSe-optics were included in the master sample set. After an initial inspection, this set passed through a series of optical laboratories in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The absorption of the samples was measured by calorimetric methods according to ISO DIS 11551, and the measurement results were compiled by the coordinating institute. The evaluation of the experiment was not started until all tests were completed. The results of the round robin test are discussed, compared and evaluated with respect to ageing mechanisms in optical coatings for CO<SUB>2</SUB>-laser systems. Although a great variety of different test facilities was employed by the round robin partners, a good agrement of the absorption values was observed for the wavelength of 10.6 micrometers . This demonstrates the versatility of the approved Draft International Standard 11551 for the calorimetric measurement of optical absorption in CO<SUB>2</SUB>-laser components.