gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Urinary Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Lung Cancer (2014)

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, yet there is currently a lack of diagnostic noninvasive biomarkers that could guide treatment decisions. Small molecules (<1,500 Da) were measured in urine collected from 469 patients with lung cancer and 536 population controls using unbiased liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Clinical putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers were validated by quantitation and normalized to creatinine levels at two different time points and further confirmed in an independent sample set, which comprises 80 cases and 78 population controls, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics when compared with the training set. Creatine riboside (IUPAC name: 2-{2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-oxolan-2-yl]-1-methylcarbamimidamido}acetic acid), a novel molecule identified in this study, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) were each significantly (P < 0.00001) elevated in non-small cell lung cancer and associated with worse prognosis [HR = 1.81 (P = 0.0002), and 1.54 (P = 0.025), respectively]. Creatine riboside was the strongest classifier of lung cancer status in all and stage I-II cases, important for early detection, and also associated with worse prognosis in stage I-II lung cancer (HR = 1.71, P = 0.048). All measurements were highly reproducible with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.99. Both metabolites were significantly (P < 0.03) enriched in tumor tissue compared with adjacent nontumor tissue (N = 48), thus revealing their direct association with tumor metabolism. Creatine riboside and NANA may be robust urinary clinical metabolomic markers that are elevated in tumor tissue and associated with early lung cancer diagnosis and worse prognosis.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Newer Anti-Epilepsy Medications (2010)

In the past twenty years, 14 new antiepileptic drugs have been approved for use in the United States and/or Europe. These drugs are eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide. In general, the clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring has not been established in clinical trials for these new anticonvulsants, and clear guidelines for drug monitoring have yet to be defined. The antiepileptic drugs with the strongest justifications for drug monitoring are lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, stiripentol, and zonisamide. Stiripentol and tiagabine are strongly protein bound and are candidates for free drug monitoring. Therapeutic drug monitoring has lower utility for gabapentin, pregabalin, and vigabatrin. Measurement of salivary drug concentrations has potential utility for therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate. Therapeutic drug monitoring of the new antiepileptic drugs will be discussed in managing patients with epilepsy.
Gastric cancers in Finnish patients after cure of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection: A cohort study (2010)

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer. A total of 97% of the infected subjects have elevated levels of H. pylori antibodies. The antibody titers have been shown to decline rapidly (40-60% within 4-12 months) only after successful eradication therapy. We allocated 26,700 consecutive patients tested during 1986-1998 for H. pylori antibodies to 3 subcohorts: seropositive patients with rapidly falling antibody titers (Hp+CURED, n = 3,650), seropositive patients where no serological information indicating cure was obtained (Hp+NoInfo, n = 11,638) and seronegative patients (Hp-, n = 11,422). In the subcohorts, the standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were defined for subsequent cancers of stomach, pancreas, colon, rectum, breast and prostate separately and for all cancers except stomach combined. The mean follow-up time was 10.1 years and the number of gastric cancers was 72. For the Hp+CURED, the SIR for gastric cancers for the first 5 follow-up years was 1.62 but decreased from the sixth follow-up year thereon to 0.14 (CI: 0.00-0.75). Likewise, the risk ratio, defined in a Poisson regression analysis using the Hp+NoInfo group as the reference, decreased from 1.60 to 0.13 (CI: 0.02-1.00, p = 0.049). The SIR for Hp- was not significantly higher than that for Hp+NoInfo for any of the cancers analysed. To conclude, cured H. pylori infection led to a significantly decreased incidence of gastric cancers from the sixth follow-up year. Advanced atrophic gastritis would be a plausible contributor to the elevated SIR in elderly Hp- patients.
The Professor's Deadly Vengeance (1935)

Undergraduates in our colleges and universities affect in public to make light of professorial opinion. The experiences of a life spent in academic work have left me convinced that they are actually impressed by it much more than they ought to be. Not necessarily for the best either; there are long successions of classes which pass out from different institutions into the world deep-bitten with some professorial prejudice in literature, history, or economics. The professor has a rare chance, and not seldom he sets himself to use it; his students, for the most part, seem to think that-when he speaks ex cathedra, it is heresy to disbelieve. The amount of actual injustice for which such academic antipathies are responsible defies even imaginative computation, but individual instances are sufficiently disturbing to anyone who has not become imbued with the idea that the professor, like the king, can do no wrong. The field of classical letters supplies at least one such instance in the deadly vengeance taken by the Roman professor of belles-lettres, Quintilian, on the philosopher, statesman, and man of the world, Lucius Annaeus Seneca. It is a wonderfully informing example of the capacity for mischief inherent in the odium academicum.
Angled-facet high-power diffraction-limited tapered semiconductor amplifier (2002)

Summary form only given. Tapered semiconductor amplifiers have successfully demonstrated high-power diffraction-limited emission. So far, all these amplifiers had normal incidence facets coated with antireflection (AR) coating to prevent self-oscillation. In this work, an angled-facet high-power diffraction-limited tapered GaAs-AlGaAs QW semiconductor amplifier operating at 809-nm was realized. Due to the angled facet structure, any residual reflection from the facets is fed back at a small angle with the signal propagation direction.
Background Subtraction for Automated Multisensor Surveillance: A Comprehensive Review (2010)

Background subtraction is a widely used operation in the video surveillance, aimed at separating the expected scene (the background) from the unexpected entities (the foreground). There are several problems related to this task, mainly due to the blurred boundaries between background and foreground definitions. Therefore, background subtraction is an open issue worth to be addressed under different points of view. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive review of the background subtraction methods, that considers also channels other than the sole visible optical one (such as the audio and the infrared channels). In addition to the definition of novel kinds of background, the perspectives that these approaches open up are very appealing: in particular, the multisensor direction seems to be well-suited to solve or simplify several hoary background subtraction problems. All the reviewed methods are organized in a novel taxonomy that encapsulates all the brand-new approaches in a seamless way.
Introduction (2016)

While what Edward Said terms "imperial encounter" has long been acknowledged as central to "the reality of historical experience," the exact meaning of "imperialism" remains highly contested (xii, xxv). According to A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. "Of all the concepts in Marxist theory imperialism is perhaps the one used most eclectically and with greatest disregard for the theoretical basis upon which it rests" (252). Raymond Williams finds such eclecticism productive: "Like any word which refers to fundamental social and political conflicts," he writes in Keywords, the term "cannot be reduced, semantically, to a single proper meaning. Its important historical and contemporary variations of meaning point to real processes which have to be studied in their own terms" (160).KeywordsLiterary CultureCritical PracticeEmpire BuildingContemporary VariationAtlantic WorldThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Crystal Structures of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3-δ</sub>A<sub>δ</sub>O<sub>9-γ</sub> (A=Ni, Zn and Co) (1988)

A structural study of orthorhombic YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.94 , YBa 2 Cu 2.8 Ni 0.2 O 6.85 and YBa 2 Cu 2.7 Zn 0.3 O 6.75 , and tetragonal YBa 2 Cu 2 CoO 7.16 by means of X-ray and time-of-flight type (TOF) neutron diffractometers was carried out to determine the locations of the dopant atoms, Ni, Zn and Co, in the 1-2-3 (Y/Ba/Cu) oxide. The nickel atoms occupy only the Cu 2 site 2q(00 z ) with z =0.36. The zinc atoms occupy the Cu 1 site 1a(000) and the Cu 2 site with occupancies of 0.20(5) and 0.05(2). In the tetragonal YBa 2 Cu 2 CoO 7.16 , cobalt atoms were found at both the Cu 1 and Cu 2 sites with occupancies of 0.83(2) and 0.08(1).
Angular intensity and polarization dependence of diffuse transmission through random media (1993)

A simple theoretical model involving only a single sample parameter, the depolarization ratio ρ for linearly polarized normally incident and normally scattered light, is developed to describe the angular intensity and all other polarization-dependent properties of diffuse transmission through multiple-scattering media. Initial experimental results that tend to support the theory are presented. Results for diffuse reflection are also described.
Structure-Based Preliminary Analysis of Immunity and Virulence of SARS Coronavirus (2004)

The research on SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has not stopped since its discovery, but the pathogenesis of SARS is still unclear. To explore the possible molecular mechanisms of the invasion and virulence of SARS-CoV, we investigated the structural basis of the viral proteins using computational biology. Forty-five motifs relating to superantigens, toxins and other bioactive molecules were detected in the proteins of SARS-CoV. The results showed that the distribution of the motifs varied in different proteins. Enzyme-like motifs were located in the R protein, while ICAM- 1-like and toxin-like molecules were located in the spike, envelop, nucleocapsid, PUP1, PUP 2 and PUP 4 proteins. Comparison of SARS-CoV with other viruses (OC43, PEDV, HRSV, HHerpV and HAdenoV) showed that each group of motifs was different for each type of virus. Data suggest that the proteins of SARS-CoV with toxic motifs might play crucial roles in targeting host cells and interfering with the immune system. This study provides new information for drug and vaccine design, as well as therapeutic strategies against SARS.
Systemic reactions from skin testing: literature review. (2006)

The skin prick test (SPT) is the most appropriate diagnostic approach to identify IgE sensitization to aeroallergens, foods, hymenoptera venom and some pharmacological compounds. SPT is considered a safe diagnostic approach, but several fatal or near-fatal reactions have been described. Based on the literature, the occurrence of systemic reactions with inhalant allergens has diminished over the last thirty years, whereas fresh food, hymenoptera venom and antibiotic SPT still carry some risk. In general, the risk of systemic reactions is lower with SPT than with intradermal testing. Some patients (history of previous anaphylactic reactions, small children, pregnant women, uncontrolled asthma, high degree of reactivity) should be considered at higher risk of systemic/anaphylactic reactions. Based on the literature, the risk of fatality due to SPT is extremely remote, and severe/anaphylactic reactions are rare. Nevertheless, this risk cannot be completely excluded, especially in highly susceptible subjects. Physicians who perform SPT should be aware of this and apply simple precautional rules.
PRNP Val129 homozygosity increases risk for early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (2003)

We analyzed the PRNP M129V polymorphism in a Dutch population-based early-onset Alzheimer's disease sample. We observed a significant association between early-onset Alzheimer's disease and homozygosity of M129V (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.3; p = 0.02) with the highest risk for V homozygotes (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.1; p < 0.01). In patients with a positive family history, these risks increased to 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3-5.3; p < 0.01) and 3.5 (95% CI, 1.3-9.3; p = 0.01), respectively.
Authentication based on gestures with smartphone in hand (2017)

Abstract We propose a new method of authentication for smartphones and similar devices based on gestures made by user with the device itself. The main advantage of our method is that it combines subtle biometric properties of the gesture (something you are) with a secret information that can be freely chosen by the user (something you know). Our prototype implementation shows that the scheme is feasible in practice. Further development, testing and fine tuning of parameters is required for deployment in the real world.
Keto Ethers. VIII. Preparation of 3-Chloro-1-ethoxypropyl Alkyl Ketones<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKeto Ethers. VIII. Preparation of 3-Chloro-1-ethoxypropyl Alkyl Ketones1Robert Curtis Wilson and Henry R. HenzeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2112–2113Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>128 x 128 analog liquid crystal spatial light modulator</title> (1995)

An analog 128 X 128 spatial light modulator (SLM) has been designed and constructed using liquid crystal on silicon technology. This device is loaded with eight-bit grey-level data in 100 microsecond(s) . Its pixel pitch is 40 micrometers giving an array size of 5.12 X 5.12 mm. Low-voltage ferroelectric liquid crystals are used for the electro-optic modulator. These analog materials have 50 microsecond(s) to 100 microsecond(s) switching times, implying a frame rate of approximately 5 kHz. This paper presents results of the analog SLM and discusses modulation enhancements for improving correlator performance.
Lithium in the Treatment of Mood Disorders (1994)

Although over 40 years have elapsed since its effects on mania were first described,1 lithium is still a mainstay in the treatment of mood disorders. Indeed, it remains the standard against which new mood-stabilizing, or thymoleptic, drugs are measured. This longevity is all the more remarkable given lithium's narrow therapeutic index and the lack of clarity about its mechanism of action. This review summarizes the history, pharmacology, efficacy, clinical use, and toxicity of lithium, with a brief discussion of other thymoleptic drugs proposed as alternatives or adjuncts to lithium.HistoryLithium, which has an atomic number of 3, is the . . .
Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients (2006)

An acute exacerbation of Th1 responses against mycobacterial antigens appears to cause IRS in patients co-infected with HIV and TB. This key event provides new evidence valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of IRS.
Evaluation of Fluticasone Propionate and Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol Combination on Exercise in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Asthma (2011)

Both FSC 100/50 and FP 100 provided protection against an exercised-induced fall in FEV(1); but statistically significant differences we not noted. Both treatments were well-tolerated over four weeks and FSC 100/50 had an adverse event profile comparable to that observed with FP 100.
Taylor State Merging at SSX: Experiment and Simulation (2020)

We describe experiments and simulations of dynamical merging with two Taylor state plasmas in a Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) device. Taylor states are formed by magnetized plasma guns at opposite ends of the device. We performed experiments with Taylor states of both senses of magnetic helicity (right-handed twist or left-handed twist). We present results of both counter-helicity merging (one side left-handed, the other right-handed) and co-helicity merging (both sides left-handed). Experiments show significant ion heating, consistent with magnetic reconnection. We suggest that the merged, warm state could be a suitable target for future magneto-inertial fusion experiments. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of these experiments reveal the structure of the final relaxed, merged state.
Future Directions in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Newer Agents and the Role of Combination Approaches (2008)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is not a single disease, but a collection of hematopoietic disorders that require newer strategies. Currently, azacitidine, decitabine, and lenalidomide are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of MDS. A recent study demonstrated an improved overall survival (24.4 months vs 15 months) in high-risk MDS patients receiving azacitidine plus best supportive care vs conventional care which has resulted in an updated label for this product. Conventional care consisted of supportive care alone or either low-dose ara-C or standard chemotherapy plus best supportive care. While these data are encouraging, newer agents such as vorinostat, MGCD0103, MS-275, and tipifarnib are currently being studied as monotherapy or in combinations with approved treatments for MDS. The goal of combining pharmacotherapy, such as the combination of DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, in the management of MDS is to increase the response rates and decrease the toxicities associated with treatment. Clinical experience in the use of combination products has given practitioners the empirical knowledge necessary to better treat patients with MDS. Utilizing convergent or complementary molecular mechanisms with in vitro or in vivo evidence of synergy is a fresher and maybe a more efficacious approach to combination therapy.
The metabolism of phenylacetic acid by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> ATCC 28282: identification of 2,6-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (1977)

Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 28282 converted phenylacetic acid into a new dihydroxylated compound (2,6-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) which was identified as 2,6-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester. Two other new metabolites have been isolated also and identified as orthohydroxyphenylacetic acid and meta-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
Preimplantation embryology (1996)

Preimplantation factor (PIF) is detected in the serum of women shortly after fertilization; its origin, however, has not been established. In this study, the embryonal origin of PIF was investigated and partial characterization of the factor was carried out. Culture media from viable human 2-8-cell stage embryos and mouse 2-cell-blastocyst stage embryos were analysed using the lymphocyte/platelet binding assay (LPBA). The assay was performed by combining culture media with donor O+ type blood-derived lymphocytes/platelets, complement and an antibody against CD2. Increased autorosette formation between lymphocytes and platelets (> 9%) was an indication for the presence of PIF. In addition, the effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and chaperonin 10 on PIF activity was determined. Partial purification of PIF was carried out using gel filtration and reverse-phase high purification liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by mass spectrometry. Culture media of single human viable fertilized oocytes were negative for PIF; however, the 10-fold concentrated medium was positive for PIF. In medium in which five or more mouse embryos were cultured, PIF activity was observed starting at the morula stage and was higher by the blastocyst stage. Addition of PAF or chaperonin 10 to the PIF assay did not elicit a specific effect on PIF activity. Chromatographic data suggest that PIF activity is due to low molecular weight proteins. PIF appears to be a low molecular weight protein which is derived from viable preimplantation embryos. It is different from PAF or chaperonin 10. Its final characterization will be valuable for better understanding of maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation.
Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin II. Descriptions of Four New Species: Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans (1975)

Staphylococci were isolated from the skins of people living in North Carolina and New Jersey and were studied in an attempt to resolve their natural relationships. As a result of this study, four new species are proposed in this paper: Staphylococcus warneri, S. capitis, S. hominis, and S. simulans. The type strains of these species are ATCC 27836, ATCC 27840, ATCC 27844, and ATCC 27848, respectively. The new species were established on the basis of a variety of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and antibiotic characters. Cell wall composition was particularly useful in resolving species and correlated well with other characters. Characteristic pigment production was useful in distinguishing several of the different species. A summary of the character variation found in the species and a scheme for the classification of human cutaneous staphylococci are included in this paper. The predominant staphylococci found on human skin were S. epidermidis and S. hominis.
Pain control in head and neck cancer (1998)

In the United States and throughout the world, cancer pain is underrecognized and undertreated. Despite advances in the field of pain management, pain control remains a significant problem, primarily because clinicians fail to adequately assess patients and provide appropriate treatment. Certain features of patients with head and neck cancer make pain relief more difficult, but the application of clinical practice guidelines for cancer pain that emphasize systemic pharmacologic therapy has been shown to provide relief in 80% to 90% of these patients. In patients who do not obtain relief with conventional approaches, specialized anesthetic techniques, including nerve blocks and intraspinal drug infusions, may be beneficial.