gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block-Copolymer assisted synthesis of hierarchical carbon monoliths suitable as supercapacitor electrodes (2009)

Three dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous (micro-, meso- and macro-porous) carbon monoliths (HCMs) have recently been proposed as promising supercapacitor electrodes. In this work, we have further explored the use of block-copolymers as templates for the preparation of HCMs via condensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) and subsequent carbonization. The resulting HCMs exhibited a textured morphology consisting of a bicontinuous macroporous carbon network built of interconnected microporous carbon colloids, as demonstrated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, mercury porosimetry and electron microscopy, in both scanning and transmission mode. Such a texture favored the performance of HCMs as supercapacitor electrodes, reaching remarkable values of capacitance of up to 198 F g−1 (normalized by mass) and 34.5 μF cm−2 (normalized by BET surface area). The first electrolyte infiltration into the micropore (prior capacitance measurements) was demonstrated to play a crucial role in the achievement of large capacitance values.
U.S. PIPELINES REPORT MIXED RESULTS FOR 1993 (1994)

U.S. natural gas pipelines started 1994 in generally better condition than a year earlier. These companies' operational and financial results for 1993 indicate modest but continuing improvement. Petroleum liquids pipelines, on the other hand, suffered reduced revenues and incomes in 1993; increased deliveries and trunkline movement of liquid petroleum products failed fully to offset fewer barrels of crude oil moving through the companies' pipeline systems. Overall the federally regulated interstate pipelines used fewer miles of line in 1993, the most recent year for which data are available. Those companies classified by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) as major natural gas pipelines, however, increased mileage in 1993 and, despite an overall decline in operating revenues for all natural gas pipelines, increased both revenues and net incomes for 1993. The interstate natural gas pipelines continued to move away from their former roles as merchants of natural gas to their newer roles as transporters. Among the data presented in this report are the following: pipeline revenues, incomes for 1993; current pipeline costs; estimated versus actual pipeline costs; current compressor construction costs; estimated versus actual compressor costs; U.S. interstate mileage; investment in liquids pipelines; 10-year construction cost trend; top 10 interstate liquids lines; top 10 interstate gas lines; liquids pipeline companies; and gas pipeline companies.
Reinforcement and Reversal Learning in First-Episode Psychosis (2008)

There are reinforcement learning abnormalities in first-episode psychosis, which correlate with negative symptoms, suggesting a possible role for orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatal pathology in the pathogenesis of motivational deficits in psychosis.
6-(Arylvinylene)-3-bromopyridine Derivatives as Lego Building Blocks for Liquid Crystal, Nonlinear Optical, and Blue Light Emitting Chromophores (2005)

A novel general synthetic strategy, based on a convergent approach, allowed us to prepare a series of conjugated 6,6‘-distyryl-3,3‘-bipyridine derivatives via the Suzuki reaction. First, the key electron-donor and electron-acceptor 6-(arylvinylene)-3-bromopyridine building blocks were synthesized by Knoevenagel- or Siegrist-type reactions. Second, some of them were transformed to the corresponding pyridylboronic esters. Finally, for the first time, we successfully demonstrated that such blocks can be homo- and cross-coupled in high yields and multigram scales, leading to noncentrosymmetic or symmetric chromophores. Their mesogenic, electrochemical, and optical properties have been investigated depending on the electronic structure. In this series, push−pull compounds are liquid crystals and promising for NLO applications. Whatever the structure, all of these compounds exhibit a high electron affinity and are strongly fluorescent. As an application, lasing properties of one push−pull and one symmetrical compound are reported. In addition, a blue-emitting LED was fabricated whose performances at 10 mA/cm2 are a luminous efficiency of 3.9 cd/A, a power efficiency of 1.4 lm/W, and an external quantum efficiency of 2.9%. Thus, this versatile synthetic route is of particular interest due to the potential applications of the chromophores in several optoelectronic fields.
A Study on the Visualization of Ice-formation Phenomena of Bath Water to Decide Maintenance Period of Gas Heater (2001)

This study was carried out for the purpose of determination of maintenance period and investigation of weak point due to freeze when the gas heater of KOGAS valve station Is not operated in winter season. 3-dimensional non-linear numerical simulation was conducted in order to predict the time and location which bath water in heater reaches to ice point. FLUENT V 5.0, commercial code, is used for thermal fluid flow analysis. We thought this was problem of heat conduction solving the energy equation and modeled gas heater by using the real geometry and scale for performing the 3-dimensional simulation. It was analyzed complex heat transfer phenomena considering convection due to air on surface, conduction in insulation material, natural convection of liquid in heater and heat loss through the pipe.
Laser-chemical three-dimensonal writing of multimaterial structures for microelectromechanics (2002)

A patterning machine capable of 5*10/sup 4/ pixel per second random access scanning has been developed as a tool for laser microchemical fabrication of three-dimensional parts. The tool is designed to implement precision laser deposition and etching reactions through a direct interface to solid modeling CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/manufacturing) software. Initial results with the three-dimensional laser patterning machine demonstrate clean etching of germanium and silicon with micrometer depth control and speeds one to two orders of magnitude faster than electric discharge machining. High material selectivity has been exploited to write buried flow channels under oxide membranes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC Roots and Their Antitumor Activities (2012)

An activity-directed fractionation and purification process was used to isolate antitumor compounds from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. The ethyl acetate extract showed greater antitumor activities than the other extracts, consequently leading to the isolation of 18 compounds identified as β-sitosterol (1), dausterol (2), quercetin (3), kampferol (4), shikimic acid (5), gallic acid (6), ursolic acid (7), betulin (8), betulonic acid (9), betulone (10), tectoridin (11), irisflorentin (12), 4′,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (13), tectorigenin (14), irilins A (15), iridin (16), irigenin (17), and iristectongenin A (18). Compounds 3-10, 13, and 15 were isolated from B. chinensis for the first time. Compounds 4 and 7-10 showed potent cytotoxic activities against PC3, MGC-803, Bcap-37, and MCF-7 cell lines. The mechanism of the antitumor action of compound 7 was preliminarily investigated through acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, Hoechst 33258 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, which indicated the growth inhibition of MGC-803 cells via the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins by the vaccinia virus B1R protein kinase (1993)

Two proteins of the 40S ribosomal subunit were shown to be phosphorylated in vitro by a vaccinia virus-encoded serine/threonine protein kinase. These were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as ribosomal proteins Sa and S2 and were shown by phosphoamino acid analysis to both be phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. The three phosphorylated forms of S2 produced by the B1R protein kinase in vitro matched the phosphorylated forms of S2 previously observed in cells infected with vaccinia virus. These data strongly suggest that this enzyme is responsible for the phosphorylation of S2 and Sa which occurs early during vaccinia virus infection.
Law's Nobility (2005)

This article first aims to set out the feminist theory of Catharine MacKinnon as explicitly as possible and in a way that accounts for its incredible power. To strengthen MacKinnon's theoretical project, the article proposes some modifications to the original that are drawn from, in part, the critiques of queer theorists. The crucial departure proposed here concerns MacKinnon's of which in my view is deeply mistaken. Rather than distrusting the sexual desires of women as hopelessly polluted by subordination, we should be neutral - neither critical nor confident - regarding the degree to which our desires, if fulfilled, will give pleasure, and whether their satiation will serve our interests. What we should doubt, I will argue, are not women's sexual desires but rather women's sexual choices to engage in sex - of any description - that is not desired. In other words, it is the undesired sex in which we engage, and not either the sex we desire, or the desires themselves, of any description at all, that should be the target of our critique. Likewise, it should be women's consensual choices to engage in all of that unwanted, unwelcome, and undesired sex that should be the target of our skepticism. Both MacKinnon and her critiques are wrong to believe that the critique of desire, or its opposite, is necessary to genuine radicalism. An embrace of, or neutrality toward, the content of women's sexual desire does not necessarily reduce to an undue liberal celebration of the sexual status quo. Rather it holds open the possibility of a redirection of our skeptical gaze.
CENTRALITY ESTIMATION IN LARGE NETWORKS (2007)

Centrality indices are an essential concept in network analysis. For those based on shortest-path distances the computation is at least quadratic in the number of nodes, since it usually involves solving the single-source shortest-paths (SSSP) problem from every node. Therefore, exact computation is infeasible for many large networks of interest today. Centrality scores can be estimated, however, from a limited number of SSSP computations. We present results from an experimental study of the quality of such estimates under various selection strategies for the source vertices.
Role of temporal delay in dual-laser ablated plumes (1995)

A novel laser ablation process using two lasers of different wavelengths has demonstrated the capacity to grow essentially particulate-free thin films without compromising the ionic excitation and kinetic energy of the plume species. We demonstrate in this article, the critical role of the interpulse delay when a pulsed CO2 laser spatially overlaps an excimer (KrF) laser on the ablation target during this dual-laser ablation process. At the optimum delay, the excitation and the ionization of the plume were significantly enhanced. The time-of-flight ion probe studies indicate more than a fourfold increase in the ion kinetic energies for this optimized process in comparison to the single-laser ablated plumes. The choice of a suitable delay also facilitates an optimization of elimination of particulate ejection that is typical of single-laser ablation. The morphology of the dual-laser ablated Er-doped Y2O3 films deposited on Si substrates as a function of interpulse delay is also discussed.
COERCIVITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF R-Fe-B SINTERED PERMANENT MAGNETS (1988)

Studies of anisotropy-coercivity correlation, microstructure and effects of surface conditions on coercivity, which have been undertaken at this laboratory in order to clarify the origin and mechanism of the intrinsic coercivity in sintered rare earth-iron-boron magnets, are reviewed. New results concerning the origin of the heat treatment effects are also disclosed.
Linear free energy relations in the hydrolysis of some inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear free energy relations in the hydrolysis of some inhibitors of acetylcholinesteraseYacov Ashani, Stephen L. Snyder, and Irwin B. WilsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 5, 446–450Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00263a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00263a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Re-Finding Behaviour in Vertical Domains (2017)

Re-finding is the process of searching for information that a user has previously encountered and is a common activity carried out with information retrieval systems. In this work, we investigate re-finding in the context of vertical search, differentiating and modeling user re-finding behavior within different media and topic domains, including images, news, reference material, and movies. We distinguish the re-finding behavior in vertical domains from re-finding in a general search context and engineer features that are effective in differentiating re-finding across the domains. The features are then used to build machine-learned models, achieving an accuracy of re-finding detection in verticals of 85.7% on average. Our results demonstrate that detecting re-finding in specific verticals is more difficult than examining re-finding for general search tasks. We then investigate the effectiveness of differentiating re-finding behavior in two restricted contexts: We consider the case where the history of a searcher’s interactions with the search system is not available. In this scenario, our features and models achieve an average accuracy of 77.5% across the domains. We then examine the detection of re-finding during the early part of a search session. Both of these restrictions represent potential real-world search scenarios, where a system is attempting to learn about a user but may have limited information available. Finally, we investigate in which types of domains re-finding is most difficult. Here, it would appear that re-finding images is particularly challenging for users. This research has implications for search engine design, in terms of adapting search results by predicting the type of user tasks and potentially enabling the presentation of vertical-specific results when re-finding is identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate the issue of vertical re-finding.
Azide‐phenolic resin UV resist (MRL) for microlithography (1983)

Abstract Poly(4‐vinylphenol) sensitized by an aromatic monoazide compound (4‐azidochalcone), called MRL ( M icro R esist for L onger wavelengths), has been prepared and evaluated as a negative UV resist. The resist is sensitive to radiation in the 300 to 400 nm region. The sensitivity of MRL is comparable to that of a positive quinonediazide photoresist under exposure to unfiltered light from a high pressure Hg lamp. An aqueous base developer removes the unexposed areas of MRL with no evidence of swelling of the exposed areas, indicating its high resolution capability. The main products in the exposure of MRL films are found to be primary and secondary amines. It is concluded that the formation of secondary amines attached to the polymer chain is responsible for the insolubilization of the exposed MRL in the base developer.
Boronic acids in medicinal chemistry: anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral applications (2010)

In 2003, bortezomib, a first-in-class therapeutic, gained approval from the US Federal Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Approval in the UK, for multiple myeloma, followed in 2006. Bortezomib contains a boronic acid, a functional group that has become increasingly more commonplace within the medicinal chemistry literature. The introduction of this drug has sparked a renewed interest in the investigation of boronic acids as drugs for a wide range of diseases. This review will guide the reader through the most recent developments in this field, by considering in turn, the biological target's amenable to the action of boronic acids.
Studies on Ketene and Its Derivatives. XXVII. : The Acylation and Ring-Closure of &beta;-Aminocrotonamide (1969)

Reaction of β-aminocrotonamide (I) with monoch1oroacetic anhydride affords β-(monochloroacetamido)crotonamide (IIa), which on heating in tetralin changes into 2-chloromethyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone(IIIa). Reduction of IIIa gives 2, 6-dimethyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (VII). Similarly, 2-dichloromethyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (IIIb) and 2-trichloromethyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (IIIc) are obtained from β-(dichloroacetamido)crotonamide (IIb) and β-(trichloroacetamido)crotonamide (IIc) by a similar treatment as above. The reaction of cyanoacetyl chloride with β-aminocrotonamide (I) affords β-(cyanoacetamido)crotonamide (IId), which, however, dose not change into 2-cyanomethyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (IIId).
Multiview Video Coding for Virtual Reality (2016)

Virtual reality (VR) is one of the emerging technologies in recent years. It brings a sense of real world experience in simulated environments, hence, it is being used in many applications for example in live sporting events, music recordings and in many other interactive multimedia applications. VR makes use of multimedia content, and videos are a major part of it. VR videos are captured from multiple directions to cover the entire 360 field-of-view. It usually employs, multiple cameras of wide field-of-view such as fisheye lenses and the camera arrangement can also vary from linear to spherical set-ups. Videos in VR system are also subjected to constraints such as, variations in network bandwidth, heterogeneous mobile devices with limited decoding capacity, adaptivity for view switching in the display.\n\nThe uncompressed videos from multiview cameras are redundant and impractical for storage and transmission. The existing video coding standards compresses the multiview videos effi ciently. However, VR systems place certain limitations on the video and camera arrangements, such as, it assumes rectilinear properties for video, translational motion model for prediction and the camera set-up to be linearly arranged.\n\nThe aim of the thesis is to propose coding schemes which are compliant to the current video coding standards of H.264/AVC and its successor H.265/HEVC, the current state-of-the-art and multiview/scalable extensions. This thesis presents methods that compress the multiview videos which are captured from eight cameras that are arranged spherically, pointing radially outwards. The cameras produce circular fi sheye videos of 195 degree field-of-view. The final goal is to present methods, which optimize the bitrate in both storage and transmission of videos for the VR system.\nThe presented methods can be categorized into two groups: optimizing storage bitrate and optimizing streaming bitrate of multiview videos. In the storage bitrate category, six methods were experimented. The presented methods competed against simulcast coding of individual views. The coding schemes were experimented with two data sets of 8 views each. The method of scalable coding with inter-layer prediction in all frames outperformed simulcast coding with approximately 7.9%. In the case of optimizing streaming birates, five methods were experimented. The method of scalable plus multiview skip-coding outperformed the simulcast method of coding by 36% on average.\n\nFuture work will focus on pre-processing the fi sheye videos to rectilinear videos, in-order to fit them to the current translational model of the video coding standards. Moreover, the methods will be tested in comprehensive applications and system requirements.
Nitrogen-14 quadrupole resonance detection of RDX and HMX based explosives (1995)

Concerns the use of 14N signals in RDX and HMX. The principle is to subject the quadrupole nuclei to bursts of RF radiation and monitor the signals generated in the quiescent periods between pulses. These signals may be divided into two types: free induction decays (FID) and echoes. The first is the decaying signal observed immediately following the pulse; it is generated by the interaction of the oscillating magnetic field B of the applied RF with the magnetic moment of the quadrupolar nucleus. Often, this B field is generated by surrounding the sample with a small induction coil; the pulse may be imagined to tip the nuclear quadrupole moments away from their equilibrium orientation in the electric field gradient of their surroundings by a so-called flip angle α; they then precess at one of their allowed frequencies inducing a voltage in the same RF coil used to excite the transition. This voltage is observed to decay with a time constant, the FID or spin phase memory decay time. In many solids there are variations in the quadrupole frequencies due, for example, to defects or impurities in the material which alter the electric field gradient in their vicinity. The result is to produce a de-phasing of the NQR precession frequencies and a decay of the RF signal. Practical equipment is developed.
The role of the immune system in anogenital human papillomavirus. (1998)

There is substantial evidence from experiments of nature that immune competence plays a major part in determining the outcome of anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Cellular rather than humoral immunity would appear to be the key to the control and eradication of HPV-induced warts. It seems likely that the HPV early proteins, which are responsible for viral replication (E1 and E2) and for promoting tissue proliferation (E6 and E7) will be the target antigens recognized by antigen-specific T cells. Natural infection is slow to produce an appropriate therapeutic immune response to these proteins, probably because HPV has adopted a strategy to prevent the effective presentation of viral antigens to the host immune system. Human papillomavirus infection is non-lytic so there is little release of viral antigen to professional antigen-presenting cells. Additionally no local proinflammatory cytokine production and no local inflammation is induced by HPV infection. An optimal therapeutic strategy for anogenital HPV infection would be, therefore, to accelerate the induction of a strong virus-specific immune response by inducing local inflammation and the cytokines necessary to invoke HPV-specific immunity.
The China syndrome : rising nationalism and conflict with the West (1996)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>