gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The synchronous neural interactions test as a functional neuromarker for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a robust classification method based on the bootstrap (2010)

Traumatic experiences can produce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which is a debilitating condition and for which no biomarker currently exists (Institute of Medicine (US) 2006 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis and Assessment (Washington, DC: National Academies)). Here we show that the synchronous neural interactions (SNI) test which assesses the functional interactions among neural populations derived from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings (Georgopoulos A P et al 2007 J. Neural Eng. 4 349-55) can successfully differentiate PTSD patients from healthy control subjects. Externally cross-validated, bootstrap-based analyses yielded >90% overall accuracy of classification. In addition, all but one of 18 patients who were not receiving medications for their disease were correctly classified. Altogether, these findings document robust differences in brain function between the PTSD and control groups that can be used for differential diagnosis and which possess the potential for assessing and monitoring disease progression and effects of therapy.
Utilization of the Sterically Hindered Base, 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, as a Hydrogen Halide Acceptor (1978)

The synthetic utility of the sterically hindered base, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1) as a hydrogen halide acceptor was studied. It was shown that base 1 can be effectively used in the quaternization reaction of primary aliphatic and aromatic amines to give the corresponding trimethylammonium iodides 2 in 88-98% yield. Base 1 was used also as the dehydrobrominating agent of alkyl and cycloalkyl bromides to give the corresponding unsaturated compounds in 82-95% yield.
A Device for In Situ Determination of Geochemical Transport Parameters 1. Retardation (1990)

Abstract The retardation factor for dissolved chemicals in ground water is an important parameter in predicting the rate of migration of contaminants and in the design of remediation schemes for contaminated aquifers. Conventional methods for evaluating retardation factors include laboratory batch and column tests, and in the case of nonpolar organic contaminants, correlations with the organic carbon content of the aquifer material. In these procedures it is difficult to insure the geochemical integrity of the sediment material and the solutions used in the tests, leading to uncertainties concerning the applicability of the results. Alternatively, large‐scale tracer tests can be conducted; however, because of the time and cost requirements, these procedures have generally been limited to research applications. This paper describes an in situ column procedure for measuring retardation factors. The column is installed in advance of the cutting head of hollow‐stem augers, minimizing geochemical disturbance of the sediment, and the sediment within the column is exposed only to natural ground water from the immediate vicinity of the test device. By maintaining geochemical integrity, the method has considerable advantages over laboratory procedures, while being substantially less costly than conventional field tracer tests. Two tests are described in which retardation factors for strontium and for five halogenated organic compounds, obtained using the in situ device, were found to be in good agreement with results obtained by conventional methods.
Ground Tilt Changes Preceding the 1989 Submarine Eruption off Ito, Izu Peninsula. (1991)

A submarine eruption took place about 3km offshore of Ito City on July 13, 1989. Earthquake swarm activity started 2 weeks before the eruption. Associated with the swarm, ground tilt of more than 20μrad was detected at the Ito station, located about 5km south of the eruption point. In late May, ground tilt of -3μrad was also detected, associated with a small-scale swarm. The features of the observed tilt changes and the swarm events were as follows. (1) The tilt change and the swarm activity started simultaneously. (2) The tilt amount was unusually large compared with the earthquake magnitudes of the swarm. (3) The tilt amount and the swarm intensity were strongly correlated each other. (4) Hypocenters of the swarms were distributed approximately on a vertical plane of WNW-ESE trend and the eruption took place in the middle of the swarm region. (5) Co-eruptive tilt change was not detected. Judging from these features and other evidence in and around the swarm region, we conjectured that the swarm events and tilt changes were caused by dike intrusions along the hypocenters of the swarms. Since a large tilt of -20μrad was detected and a great number of felt earthquakes occurred during the period from nine to three days preceding the eruption, a majority of the intrusion seemed to have taken place in these days.
<i>In vivo</i> visualization of hyaluronic acid injection by high spatial resolution <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> parametric magnetic resonance images (2007)

These preliminary results demonstrate the ability of the T(2) images for in vivo visualization of the filler agent and also for characterization of tissue modifications. In addition, the diffusion and progressive degradation of the filler agent can be monitored by T(2) measurements over time.
Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from the Marine Organism(s) and Its Mode of Action (2010)

Recently, marine organisms are emerging as a leading group for identifying and extracting novel bioactive substances. These substances are known to possess a potential regarding not only as a source of pharmaceutical products but also their beneficial effects on humans. Among the substances, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) specifically have attracted considerable interest for possible use in the development of new antibiotics. AMPs are characterized by relatively short cationic peptides containing the ability to adopt a structure in which cationic or hydrophobic amino acids are spatially scattered. Although a few reports address novel marine organisms-derived AMPs, their antimicrobial mechanism(s) are still remain unknown. In this review, we summarized the peptides previously investigated, such as Pleurocidin, Urechistachykinins, Piscidins and Arenicin-1. These peptides exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against human microbial pathogens without remarkable hemolytic effects against human erythrocytes, and their mode of actions are based on permeabilization of the plasma membrane of the pathogen. Therefore, the study of antimicrobial peptides derived from marine organisms may prove to be useful in the design of future therapeutic antimicrobial drugs.
A CMOS-integrated 'ISFET-operational amplifier' chemical sensor employing differential sensing (1989)

The ISFET (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor) pH sensor is first matched with a MOSFET at the differential input stage of a CMOS operational amplifier (called the ISFET-operational amplifier) to cancel out the temperature sensitivity. Then, the output of an ISFET-operational amplifier with a Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//SiO/sub 2/ gate (58-59 mV/pH) ISFET is differentially amplified against the output of another on-chip ISFET-operational amplifier with a SiO/sub x/N/sub y//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//SiO/sub 2/ gate ISFET (18-20-mV/pH). An on-chip noble metal counterelectrode serves as the electrical contact to define the electric potential of the electrolyte. No external reference electrode is required. The difference measurement technique achieves (1) common-mode rejection of the solution potential, and (2) relaxation of the requirement that the on-chip reference electrode be ideal. The CMOS-compatible ISFET process is modified from a standard self-aligned polysilicon gate CMOS process with minimal process redesign. The standard CMOS sequence is unaltered until the contact windows are opened. The complete sensor has 40-43-mV/pH pH sensitivity and demonstrates common-mode rejection to ambient light and noise from the electrolyte.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart, Sustainable, and Ecofriendly Chemical Design of Fully Bio‐Based Thermally Stable Thermosets Based on Benzoxazine Chemistry (2016)

A smart synthetic chemical design incorporating furfurylamine, a natural renewable amine, into a partially bio-based coumarin-containing benzoxazine is presented. The versatility of the synthetic approach is shown to be flexible and robust enough to be successful under more ecofriendly reaction conditions by replacing toluene with ethanol as the reaction solvent and even under solventless conditions. The chemical structure of this coumarin-furfurylamine-containing benzoxazine is characterized by FTIR, (1) H NMR spectroscopy and two-dimensional (1) H-(1) H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D (1) H-(1) H NOESY). The thermal properties of the resin toward polymerization are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the thermal stability of the resulting polymers by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results reveal that the furanic moiety induces a co-operative activating effect, thus lowering the polymerization temperature and also contributes to a better thermal stability of the resulting polymers. These results, in addition to those of natural renewable benzoxazine resins reviewed herein, highlight the positive and beneficial implication of designing novel bio-based polybenzoxazine and possibly other thermosets with desirable and competitive properties.
Angular resolved Raman scattering using fiber optic probes (1980)

A unique method for obtaining angular resolved Raman spectra is described, the purpose of which will be to study the angular dependence of the surface enhanced Raman effect from molecules adsorbed on metal substrates. Our design employs two flexible fiber optic bundle probes which are optically coupled to the laser and the monochromator respectively. The probes which define the incident and detected angular resolution at 20°, can be independently positioned in 45° azimuthal angle increments and at 0°, 22 1/2°, 45°, and 67 1/2° with respect to the sample surface normal. In a test of the performance of the system, the angular dependence of the Raman intensity from the 992 cm−1 mode of benzene was recorded. The results are in excellent agreement with previous data, thus demonstrating the practicality of our device.
Monitoring in Industrial Systems Using Wireless Sensor Network With Dynamic Power Management (2009)

The advances in wireless communication, microelectronics, digital electronics, and highly integrated electronics and the increasing need for more efficient controlled electric systems make the development of monitoring and supervisory control tools the object of study of many researchers. This paper proposes a digital system for energy usage evaluation, condition monitoring, diagnosis, and supervisory control for electric systems applying wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with dynamic power management (DPM). The system is based on two hardware topologies responsible for signal acquisition, processing, and transmission: intelligent sensor modules (ISMs) and remote data acquisition units (RDAUs). The gateway function of the wired network is carried out by remote servers (RSs) based on the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Soekris</i> architecture, which is responsible for receiving the data collected and transmitting it to the supervisory controller (SC). To extend the WSN lifetime, sensor nodes implement a DPM protocol. The basic characteristics of the presented system are the following: 1) easy implementation; 2) low-cost implementation; 3) easy implementation of redundant routines (security); 4) portability/versatility; and 5) extended network lifetime.
[Immunovac-VP-4, immunomodulator decreases immunosuppression and enhances the cytotoxic activity induced by the cytostatic Cisplatin]. (2005)

The influence of the vaccine Immunovac-VP-4, prepared from the antigens of opportunistic microorganisms, on the proliferative and cytotoxic activity on peripheral blood mononuclears (PBMN) from healthy donors in vitro and on spleen cells of CBA mice in vivo during their incubation with Cisplatin was studied. VP-4 produced a dose-dependent, stimulating effect on the proliferative potential of PBMN and, when used in the highest of all tested doses (20 microg/ml), increased the Cisplatin-suppressed proliferative activity of PBMN in 9.4-fold. VP-4 increased the cytotoxic activity of PBMN on tumor line cells K-562 (38,4 to 60.1%) and increased the cytotoxic effect of Cisplatin (68.18 to 87.56%). A single injection of VP-4 to mice stimulated the proliferative activity of spleen cells, studied ex vivo, units and partially restored their cytostatic-suppressed activity. The cytotoxic action of the spleen cells of immunized mice on tumor line cells YAC-1 was twice as great as that of spleen cells taken from intact animals and potentiated the cytotoxic action of Cisplatin. The mechanism of increasing the proliferative activity and cytotoxic effect of monomuclears under the influence of vaccine VP-4 is seemingly linked with the synthesis of cytokines, influencing the lymphokine-activated cytotoxicity of lymphocytes.
UVM-SystemC-AMS Framework for System-Level Verification and Validation of Automotive Use Cases (2015)

Current trend is to increase the overall use of electronic systems in daily life. Exemplarily, the complexity of automotive electronic control unit (ECU) systems is rising due to the number of components involved and the tighter interactions between these heterogeneous components (analog, digital hardware, or software), resulting in a more and more challenging verification. In this paper, we show that the universal verification methodology (UVM), initially developed for digital systems, can successfully be extended to analog and mixed signal systems. We introduce the UVM-SystemC-AMS framework for functional verification based on SystemC and its AMS extension SystemC-AMS. Using two automotive case studies, we demonstrate the flexibility of our approach both for simulation-based verification and lab-based validation using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system.
Glycerophospholipid synthesis: improved general method and new analogs containing photoactivable groups. (1977)

Current methods for phospholipid synthesis involving acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, lysolecithins, and related glycerophosphate esters are not satisfactory. With N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine as a catalyst and moderate amounts of fatty acid anhydrides (1.2-1.5 mol equiv per OH group), diacyl or 1,2-mixed diacylphosphatidylcholines, N-protected phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatide acids now can be conveniently prepared in high yields (75-90%). New phospholipids containing photoactivable groups, such as trifluorodiazopropionyl, diazirinophenoxy, 2-nitro-4-azidophenoxy, m-azidophenoxy, and alpha, beta-unsaturated keto groups, in the fatty acyl chains have been prepared. These phospholipids are of interest in studies of lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions in biological membranes.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor plasticity in kindling: quantitative and qualitative alterations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-channel complex. (1989)

Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy and neuronal plasticity produced by periodic electrical stimulation of the brain. Electrophysiologic studies indicate that this phenomenon is associated with increased participation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission. Biochemical studies suggest that a change intrinsic to the NMDA receptor-channel complex may contribute to the increase in NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. We tested this idea by measuring the binding of 3-[(+)-2-(carboxypiperazin-4-yl)][1,2-3H]propyl-1-phosphonic acid ([3H]CPP), [3H]glycine, and tritiated N-[(1-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine [( 3H]TCP) to rat hippocampal membranes. In this preparation these ligands are selective for the NMDA receptor, the strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor, and the NMDA receptor-gated ion channel, respectively. Kindling increased the density of CPP, glycine, and TCP binding sites in hippocampal membranes by 47%, 42%, and 25%, respectively. No significant changes were detected in the affinity of these binding sites. Surprisingly, alterations in the glycine binding site were detected in animals sacrificed 1 month but not 1 day after the final kindling stimulation. Thus, delayed upregulation of the NMDA receptor-channel complex may be one molecular mechanism that maintains the long-lasting hyperexcitability of hippocampal neurons in kindled animals.
Optimization for the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling for therapy of human pancreatic carcinoma. (2001)

We determined the optimal administration schedule of a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PKI), PKI 166 (4-(R)-phenethylamino-6-(hydroxyl)phenyl-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]-pyrimidine), alone or in combination with gemcitabine (administered i.p.) for therapy of L3.6pl human pancreatic carcinoma growing in the pancreas of nude mice. Seven days after orthotopic implantation of L3.6pl cells, the mice received daily oral doses of PKI 166. PKI 166 therapy significantly inhibited phosphorylation of the EGFR without affecting EGFR expression. EGFR phosphorylation was restored 72 h after cessation of therapy. Seven days after orthotopic injection of L3.6pl cells, groups of mice received daily or thrice weekly oral doses of PKI 166 alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Treatment with PKI 166 (daily), PKI 166 (3 times/week), or gemcitabine alone produced a 72%, 69%, or 70% reduction in the volume of pancreatic tumors in mice, respectively. Daily oral PKI 166 or thrice weekly oral PKI 166 in combination with injected gemcitabine produced 97% and 95% decreases in volume of pancreatic cancers and significant inhibition of lymph node and liver metastasis. Daily oral PKI 166 produced a 20% decrease in body weight, whereas treatment 3 times/week did not. Decreased microvessel density, decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, and increased tumor cell and endothelial cell apoptosis correlated with therapeutic success. Collectively, our results demonstrate that three weekly oral administrations of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in combination with gemcitabine are sufficient to significantly inhibit primary and metastatic human pancreatic carcinoma.
Using Solar Cells to Extend Standby Time of Handheld Computers (2005)

Handheld computers are becoming increasingly popular in today's mobile information applications. Due to their battery energy limitations, the batteries in these computer systems need to be periodically recharged to regain the system's power. In this paper we design and implement a low-power handheld computer system with a rechargeable battery that is automatically charged by solar cells. From the feasibility analysis of the queueing model for the stochastic charging and discharging process of the battery system, using the random characteristics of weather conditions and the user's operation behaviour, we estimate that the average operation time in our model will depend on the power generation efficiency of solar cells and the power consumption of a handheld computer. By including experimental system parameters, we can obtain a duty cycle of less than 5%, which is the ratio between the charging and discharging period. With such a low-duty cycle, solar cells cannot currently be a feasible power source for normal operation of handheld computers. However, from both modelling and experiment results, we learn that solar cells can be a partially supportive power source for the extension of the standby time of handheld computers. In our experiment, with the half of the area of a typical handheld computer, common solar cells can generate the power to extend the standby time of a low-power handheld computer by 50%.
A new canine model to evaluate the biological response of intramedullary bone to implant materials and surfaces (1990)

A new canine model utilizing an implantable chamber with multiple bone ingrowth channels has been used to study the response of intramedullary bone to various implant materials and surfaces. The first group of dogs received implants containing channels lined by smooth-surfaced coupons of titanium, titanium alloy, sputter-hydroxyapatite-coated (HA-coated) titanium alloy, and polyethylene. A pattern of early initial bone ingrowth by 2 weeks, becoming maximal at 6 to 12 weeks with remodeling to a more mature lamellar bone, and later resorption by 24 weeks was seen for all test groups, with fibrous tissue interfaces covering the smooth test coupons at all time points. Significantly increased bone ingrowth in the sputter-HA coated group was found only at 6 weeks. The second group of dogs received implants with channels lined by surface-roughened coupons of either titanium or plasma-HA-coated titanium, half of which were also packed with a crystalline-HA grouting at the time of surgery. At both 6 and 12 weeks, bone ingrowth was greatly enhanced by the presence of the plasma-HA coating or the crystalline-HA grouting as compared to the uncoated titanium channels. Histologically, bone was seen to bond directly to the plasma-HA coating and the crystalline-HA grouting. A thin fibrous tissue layer was noted between bone and the titanium in most areas, but evidence of direct bone contact to the metal surface was seen. Mechanical testing in tension of intact coupon-bone-coupon units revealed significant strength of the bone-plasma-HA bond, with failure initiating at the metal-HA interface with forces of 15.3 N at 6 weeks, increasing to 44.8 N at 12 weeks. Plasma-HA-lined channels with crystalline-HA packing required similar forces for failure. No significant adhesion strength was noted for the titanium channels at 6 weeks, and only the crystalline-HA-filled channels displayed measurable strength of the bone-titanium interface at 12 weeks, with a force of 9 N needed for failure.
Decoding the Distribution of Glycan Receptors for Human-Adapted Influenza A Viruses in Ferret Respiratory Tract (2012)

Ferrets are widely used as animal models for studying influenza A viral pathogenesis and transmissibility. Human-adapted influenza A viruses primarily target the upper respiratory tract in humans (infection of the lower respiratory tract is observed less frequently), while in ferrets, upon intranasal inoculation both upper and lower respiratory tract are targeted. Viral tropism is governed by distribution of complex sialylated glycan receptors in various cells/tissues of the host that are specifically recognized by influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA), a glycoprotein on viral surface. It is generally known that upper respiratory tract of humans and ferrets predominantly express α2→6 sialylated glycan receptors. However much less is known about the fine structure of these glycan receptors and their distribution in different regions of the ferret respiratory tract. In this study, we characterize distribution of glycan receptors going beyond terminal sialic acid linkage in the cranial and caudal regions of the ferret trachea (upper respiratory tract) and lung hilar region (lower respiratory tract) by multiplexing use of various plant lectins and human-adapted HAs to stain these tissue sections. Our findings show that the sialylated glycan receptors recognized by human-adapted HAs are predominantly distributed in submucosal gland of lung hilar region as a part of O-linked glycans. Our study has implications in understanding influenza A viral pathogenesis in ferrets and also in employing ferrets as animal models for developing therapeutic strategies against influenza.