gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Seamless presentation capture, indexing, and management</title> (2005)

Technology abounds for capturing presentations. However, no simple solution exists that is completely automatic. ProjectorBox is a "zero user interaction" appliance that automatically captures, indexes, and manages presentation multimedia. It operates continuously to record the RGB information sent from presentation devices, such as a presenter's laptop, to display devices, such as a projector. It seamlessly captures high-resolution slide images, text and audio. It requires no operator, specialized software, or changes to current presentation practice. Automatic media analysis is used to detect presentation content and segment presentations. The analysis substantially enhances the web-based user interface for browsing, searching, and exporting captured presentations. ProjectorBox has been in use for over a year in our corporate conference room, and has been deployed in two universities. Our goal is to develop automatic capture services that address both corporate and educational needs.
Linker scanning mutagenesis of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse beta-major-globin gene: sequence requirements for transcription in erythroid and nonerythroid cells. (1985)

We analyzed the sequences required for transcription of the mouse beta-major-globin gene by introducing deletion and linker scanning mutations into the 5'-flanking region and then studying the effects of these mutations on beta-globin gene transcription in a HeLa cell transient expression assay or after stable introduction into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Consistent with earlier studies, we found that three distinct regions upstream from the RNA capping site are required for efficient beta-globin gene transcription in HeLa cells: the ATA box located 30 base pairs upstream from the mRNA capping site (-30), the CCAAT box located at -75, and the distal sequence element CCACACCC located at -90. In the ATA and CAAT box regions, the sequences necessary for efficient transcription extend beyond the limits of the canonical sequences. Mutations in the sequences located between the three transcriptional control elements do not significantly affect transcription in HeLa cells. Although the promoter defined in HeLa cell transfection experiments is also required for efficient transcription in mouse erythroleukemia cells, none of the mutations tested affects the regulation of beta-globin gene transcription during mouse erythroleukemia cell differentiation. Thus, DNA sequences downstream from the mRNA cap site appear to be sufficient for the regulation of beta-globin gene expression during the differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells in culture.
Fluoxetine: Efficacy Against Placebo and by Dose-An Overview (1988)

The most unequivocal demonstration of efficacy with putative or reference antidepressants is normally obtained from placebo-controlled studies; heavy reliance is therefore placed on such investigations, particularly in the early stages of development of any new therapeutic agent. However, many clinicians are understandably reluctant to allow some patients to be treated with placebo, which may lead to a sampling bias. It is equally understandable that doctors taking part in such studies are anxious about clinical deterioration or lack of response, and this in turn may result in a higher drop-out rate than would be seen in studies using reference antidepressants without a placebo treatment group. However, in spite of these and other drawbacks, it is still generally accepted that the efficacy of potential antidepressants is established in a more scientific and unequivocal way using placebo-controlled methodology. Fluoxetine has been the subject of a number of such investigations (Table I); their findings are reviewed in this paper.
Lithography as a critical step for low-k dual damascene: from 248 nm to 193 nm (2002)

Optical lithography is continuously pushed to its limits for volume manufacturing of integrated circuits. With the implementation of low-k dielectrics in the back-end-of-line processes, the optical properties of the dielectric stack have drastically changed. Also the transition from the conventional AlCu dry-etch scheme to several potential damascene integration schemes has significant impact on the lithography process and should be taken into account. Usually front-end-of-line development is considered as the driving force for lithography. However back-end lithography has become as challenging recently. In this paper, the various issues for back-end damascene lithography processes for the 0.13 um technology node will be outlined. The IMEC strategy for back-end-of-line lithography solutions will be outlined, for both 248 nm and 193 nm lithography.
Haloperidol: Effect of Long-Term Treatment on Rat Striatal Dopamine Synthesis and Turnover (1977)

The short- and long-term effects of neuroleptic drugs differ both clinically and biochemically. Short-term treatment with such a drug causes a kinetic activation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. Long-term treatment causes a prompt activation of the enzyme which is followed by a delayed, compensatory deactivation below control levels. Tolerance also develops to the stimulating effect of haloperidol on striatal dopamine turnover.
Short sinusoidal antennas for wireless communications (2002)

A new class of antennas, the sinusoidal antennas, has been proposed to meet the demand of short, wideband antennas for wireless communications. A printed antenna has been developed which is 34% shorter than a straight quarter-wave monopole. This antenna has similar radiation pattern like a straight monopole and has a gain of 3.8 dBi compared to 5.1 dBi of a straight monopole. The cross-polarization is below -27 dB and the half-power beam width (HPBW) is 44/spl deg/ (compared to 39/spl deg/ for a straight quarter-wave monopole).
Comparison of vancomycin-inducible proteins from four strains of Enterococci (1990)

Vancomycin-inducible proteins of 39.5 and 39 kDa from respectively, low-level and high-level resistant Enterococci were compared. Electrophoretic, immunoblot and peptide analysis revealed three types of protein, one in a low-level resistant strain of E. faecium, one in 2 high-level-resistant strains of E. faecium, and one in a high-level resistant strain of E. faecalis. The inducible proteins of E. faecium and E. faecalis, of 39.5 and 39 kDa respectively, which may function in a similar fashion (Al-Obeid et al. (1990) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34, 252-256), are not related immunologically.
A High-Frequency-Link Single-Phase PWM Rectifier (2014)

This paper proposes a high-performance “cycloconverter-type” high-frequency-link (HFL) single-phase rectifier with an active voltage clamper, which provides bidirectional two-stage galvanic isolation ac-dc power conversion. Modulation strategy, modeling method, and control scheme are comprehensively developed for the HFL rectifier to guarantee its superior performances: 1) two-stage power conversion and soft-switching switch devices lead to high conversion efficiency; 2) complete elimination of voltage spikes during commutation ensures safe operation of high-frequency switching devices; and 3) it can equally function as a high-performance conventional Pulsewidth Modulation (PWM) rectifier: sinusoidal input current, constant dc output voltage, bidirectional power flows between dc side and ac side, and adjustable power factor. A prototype of the proposed HFL rectifier is built for evaluation. The experiment results demonstrate the efficacy of the soft-switching HFL rectifier and its highly promising control performance. The proposed rectifier offers a high-efficiency, high-power-density, and high-performance galvanic isolation power conversion solution to extensive applications.
Influence of EDTA and Citrate on Physicochemical Properties of Whey Protein-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions Containing CaCl<sub>2</sub> (2002)

The influence of chelating agents (disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and sodium citrate) on the physicochemical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions containing calcium chloride was determined. The calcium-binding characteristics of EDTA and citrate at 30 degrees C were characterized in aqueous solutions (20 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0) by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). EDTA and citrate both bound calcium ions in a 1:1 ratio, but EDTA had a much higher binding constant. Oil-in-water emulsions (pH 7.0) were prepared containing 6.94% (w/v) soybean oil, 0.35% (w/v) WPI, 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide, 20 mM Tris buffer, 10 mM CaCl(2), and 0-40 mM chelating agent. The particle size, apparent viscosity, creaming stability, free calcium concentration, and particle surface potential of the emulsions were measured. The chelating agents reduced or prevented droplet aggregation in the emulsions. When they were present above a certain concentration (>3.5 mM EDTA or >5 mM citrate), droplet aggregation was prevented. The reduction of aggregation was indicated by decreases in particle size, shear-thinning behavior, apparent viscosity, and creaming. Emulsions containing chelating agents had lower free calcium concentrations and more negatively charged droplets, indicating that the chelating agents improved emulsion stability by binding calcium ions. EDTA could be used at lower concentrations than citrate because of its higher calcium ion binding constant.
Genome organization in the human sperm nucleus studied by FISH and confocal microscopy (2000)

The sperm nucleus has a unique chromatin structure where the DNA is highly condensed and associated with specific proteins, the protamines. It is a nondividing cell which is also transcriptionally inactive. After fusion with an oocyte, the sperm nucleus undergoes decondensation and, in the same time, starts replication and transcription. It has been suggested that somatic chromosomes during interphase are organized in territories which display a cell type and cell cycle specific distribution. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether chromosomes would also have a specific distribution in the sperm nucleus, which could be related to its inactive state, and have implications on the early stages of fertilization. In the present study, centromeric and telomeric sequences were detected by fluorescent techniques performed on human decondensed spermatozoa. Chromosome painting probes were used to detect the chromosome X and chromosome 13 on interphase sperm nuclei. The fluorescent signals were captured in 3D with a confocal microscope. For each of these chromatin structures, the volume, position, and distribution of the signals were analyzed in samples of 30 nuclei with the help of image analysis software. The centromeres appeared grouped in several foci that were randomly distributed within the sperm nucleus. The telomeres gave an approximately haploid number of small signals, evenly distributed throughout the nucleus. The chromosomes X and 13 occupied 4.7% and 3. 7% of the total nuclear volume, respectively. Interestingly, the X chromosome territory showed a preferential position in the anterior half of the volume of the nucleus, whereas chromosome 13 had a random position. This work shows a particular distribution of chromosome territories in the human sperm nucleus that could be related to mechanisms implicated in its specific functions. The analysis of more chromosomes and chromosomal structures, including the Y chromosome, would help to understand the structure of the human sperm chromatin, and its fundamental and clinical implications.
Transcriptomic and genomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas† (2006)

This study analyzed gene expression patterns and global genomic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), hepatoblastomas (HPBL), tissue adjacent to HCC and normal liver tissue derived from normal livers and hepatic resections. We found that HCC and adjacent non-neoplastic cirrhotic tissue have considerable overlap in gene expression patterns compared to normal liver. Several genes including Glypican 3, spondin-2, PEG10, EDIL3 and Osteopontin are over-expressed in HCC vs. adjacent tissue whereas Ficolin 3 is the most consistently under-expressed gene. HCC can be subdivided into three clusters based on gene expression patterns. HCC and HPBL have clearly different patterns of gene expression, with genes IGF2, Fibronectin, DLK1, TGFb1, MALAT1 and MIG6 being over-expressed in HPBL versus HCC. In addition, specific areas of the genome appear unstable in HCC, with the same regions undergoing either deletion or increased gene dosage in all HCC. In conclusion, a set of specific genes and areas of genomic instability are found across the board in liver neoplasia.
Comparing PEROXONE and Ozone for Controlling Taste and Odor Compounds, Disinfection By‐products, and Microorganisms (1990)

The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California is evaluating the hydrogen peroxide‐ozone (PEROXONE) advanced oxidation process (followed by secondary disinfection with chloramines) for removal of taste and odor compounds, control of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and inactivation of microorganisms. This article reports the results of pilot‐scale testing designed to optimize the H 2 O 2 :O 3 ratio and to compare ozone and PEROXONE at different contact times. The tests described represent one phase of a five‐phase PEROXONE pilot‐scale study for treating water from the California State Water Project and from the Colorado River. Results to date indicate that the PEROXONE process requires a significantly lower applied ozone dosage to oxidize 2‐methylisobomeol and geosmin as compared with ozone alone. The levels of DBPs formed when ozone or PEROXONE is used (followed by chloramines) are low, and PEROXONE (at H 2 O 2 :O 3 ratios of ≤0.3) is comparable with ozone for the inactivation of microorganisms.
Automatic guidance of vehicles following the route stored in the memory (1986)

_An experimental on-board location and guidance system is described which is controlled by a dead-reckoning computer which has a route setting system in the computer memory. The location and heading of the vehicles are essentially computed from the rotation of both wheels. The steering system is operated by comparing the predicted position, which is computed using location, heading and velocity data, with the route stored in the memory. The results of an experiment using a small car indicate the good accuracy and good performance of this system.
Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide on Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Polytetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin Nanowire (2009)

Nanowires of polytetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin (PTAPPNW) were fabricated by electrochemical polymerization with the cyclic voltammetric method in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by PTAPPNW, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and Nafion as a binder was investigated with voltammetric methods in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at pH 7.4. The PTAPPNW + SWNT + Nafion/GCE exhibited strongly enhanced voltammetric and amperometric sensitivity towards hydrogen peroxide (<TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX>), which shortened the response time and enhanced the sensitivity for <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX> determination at an applied potential of 0.0 V by amperometric method. The PTAPPNW + SWNT + Nafion/GCE can be used to monitor <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX> at very low concentrations in biological pH as an efficient electrochemical <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX> sensor.
Nanotube-based data storage devices (2008)

We examine designs and operational characteristics of a candidate for universal memory: carbon-nanotube-based electromechanical data storage devices. Memory cells based on the bending of cantilever and suspended carbon nanotubes, and the relative motion of the walls of carbon nanotubes are discussed. These devices show fast write and read speeds, high cell density, and allow nonvolatile operation.
A novel single-use SU-8 microvalve for pressure-driven microfluidic applications (2009)

A novel microfluidic single-use valve for fluid injection and extraction in pressure-driven applications is presented in this paper. The device consists of a thin SU-8 membrane crossed by a resistor that withstands a mechanical stress induced by a pressure difference. When the resistor heats up the membrane, the SU-8 fracture strength drastically decreases causing the valve activation. This device has been designed, fabricated using inexpensive SU-8 and printed circuit board technologies and finally characterized. The hybrid thermal–mechanical microvalve operation principle has been demonstrated and experimental results have shown the device characteristics and performance. Specifically, this design was functional at pressures of 0.8 MPa and opened in less than 3.2 s with an applied power of 280 mW. The simple fabrication process and the absence of moving mechanical parts have made the valve suitable for large-scale integration in lab-on-chip microfluidic platforms.
Phenomenological model of visual acuity (2016)

We propose in this work a model for describing visual acuity (V) as a function of defocus and pupil diameter. Although the model is mainly based on geometrical optics, it also incorporates nongeometrical effects phenomenologically. Compared to similar visual acuity models, the proposed one considers the effect of astigmatism and the variability of best corrected V among individuals; it also takes into account the accommodation and the “tolerance to defocus,” the latter through a phenomenological parameter. We have fitted the model to the V data provided in the works of Holladay et al. and Peters, showing the ability of this model to accurately describe the variation of V against blur and pupil diameter. We have also performed a comparison between the proposed model and others previously published in the literature. The model is mainly intended for use in the design of ophthalmic compensations, but it can also be useful in other fields such as visual ergonomics, design of visual tests, and optical instrumentation.
A parsimonious model of mobile partitioned networks with clustering (2009)

Mobile wireless networks frequently possess, at the same time, both dense and sparse regions of connectivity; for example, due to a heterogeneous node distribution or radio propagation environment. This paper is about modeling both the mobility and the formation of clusters in such networks, where nodes are concentrated in clusters of dense connectivity, interspersed with sparse connectivity. Uniformly dense and sparse networks have been extensively studied in the past, but not much attention has been devoted to clustered networks. We present a new mobility model for clustered networks, which is important for the design and evaluation of routing protocols. We refer to our model as Heterogeneous Random Walk (HRW). This model is simple, mathematically tractable, and it captures the phenomenon of emerging clusters, observed in real partitioned networks. We provide a closed-form expression for the stationary distribution of node position and we give a method for "perfect simulation". Moreover, we provide evidence, based on mobility traces, for the main macroscopic characteristics of clustered networks captured by the proposed mobility model. In particular, we show that in some scenarios, nodes have statistically very similar mobility patterns. Also, we discuss cluster dynamics and the relationship between node speed and node density.
Efficient processing of large 3D meshes (2002)

Due to their simplicity triangle meshes are often used to represent geometric surfaces. Their main drawback is the large number of triangles that are required to represent a smooth surface. This problem has been addressed by a large number of mesh simplification algorithms which reduce the number of triangles and approximate the initial mesh. Hierarchical triangle mesh representations provide access to a triangle mesh at a desired resolution, without omitting any information. In this paper we present an infrastructure for mesh decimation, geometric mesh smoothing, and interactive multiresolution editing of arbitrary unstructured triangle meshes. In particular, we demonstrate how mesh reduction and geometric mesh smoothing can be combined to provide a powerful and numerically efficient multiresolution smoothing and editing paradigm.
A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals (2012)

Ever since the interest in organic environmental contaminants first emerged 50years ago, there has been a need to present discussion of such chemicals and their transformation products using simple abbreviations so as to avoid the repetitive use of long chemical names. As the number of chemicals of concern has increased, the number of abbreviations has also increased dramatically, sometimes resulting in the use of different abbreviations for the same chemical. In this article, we propose abbreviations for flame retardants (FRs) substituted with bromine or chlorine atoms or including a functional group containing phosphorus, i.e. BFRs, CFRs and PFRs, respectively. Due to the large number of halogenated and organophosphorus FRs, it has become increasingly important to develop a strategy for abbreviating the chemical names of FRs. In this paper, a two step procedure is proposed for deriving practical abbreviations (PRABs) for the chemicals discussed. In the first step, structural abbreviations (STABs) are developed using specific STAB criteria based on the FR structure. However, since several of the derived STABs are complicated and long, we propose instead the use of PRABs. These are, commonly, an extract of the most essential part of the STAB, while also considering abbreviations previously used in the literature. We indicate how these can be used to develop an abbreviation that can be generally accepted by scientists and other professionals involved in FR related work. Tables with PRABs and STABs for BFRs, CFRs and PFRs are presented, including CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) numbers, notes of abbreviations that have been used previously, CA (Chemical Abstract) name, common names and trade names, as well as some fundamental physico-chemical constants.
Biological models of security for virus propagation in computer networks (2004)

This article discusses several different biological paradigms which inspire defense against pathogens that invade computer networks, but it focuses on in-depth analysis of the immune system model. Some of the other innovative biological models that are currently being researched will be discussed in depth in a series of future articles
Isolation of genes active during hormone-induced morphogenesis in Drosophila imaginal discs. (1986)

Mass-isolated Drosophila imaginal discs cultured in vitro undergo morphogenesis (evagination) in response to the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. In vitro translation of mRNA isolated from evaginating discs shows accumulation of at least five new mRNA transcripts that are present only in membrane-bound polysomal RNA and presumably encode imaginal disc membrane or secreted proteins. Using a modified differential hybridization screen employing a competition step, six different hormone-inducible membrane protein gene sequences were isolated. These genes constitute a new set of 20-hydroxyecdysone responsive loci that may encode gene products specifically required for imaginal disc morphogenesis.
SEE sensitivity trends in non-hardened high density SRAMs with sub-micron feature sizes (2004)

We report on single event upsets (SEU) and single event latchup (SEL) sensitivities under irradiation by protons and heavy ions for a variety of non-hardened high density static random access memories (SRAMs) with sub-micron feature sizes. The results are compared with previously measured sensitivities for similar devices with larger features. We discuss the sensitivity trends with temperature and examine other effects such as stuck bits.