gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How much in the Universe can be explained by geometry? (2008)

The paper uses geometrical arguments to derive equations with relevance for cosmology; 5-dimensional spacetime is assumed because it has been shown in other works to provide a setting for significant unification of different areas of physics. Monogenic functions, which zero the vector derivative are shown to effectively model electrodynamics and relativistic dynamics if one allows for space curvature. Applying monogenic functions to flat space, the Hubble relation can be derived straightforwardly as a purely geometrical effect. Consideration of space curvature induced by mass density allows the derivation of flat rotation curves for galaxies without appealing for dark matter. Similarly, a small overall mass density in the Universe is shown to provide a possible explanation for recent supernovae observations, without the need for a cosmological constant.
Material characteristics of Space Shuttle reinforced carbon-carbon (1979)

Reinforced carbon-carbon with an oxidation-resistant coating is used as the thermal protection system for the Space Shuttle Orbiter high-temperature wing leading edge and nose cap surfaces. The reinforced carbon-carbon system is capable of multimission reuse, and, in addition, provides a smooth external moldline while transmitting aerodynamic loads to the fuselage forward bulkhead and wing spar through mechanical attachments. This paper describes the material and processes developed, strength and thermal/physical properties which characterize performance.
Immunocytochemical evidence that the beta-protein precursor is an integral component of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. (1993)

Amyloid beta (A beta) immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in all extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (E-NFT) and most intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (I-NFT). We undertook this immunocytochemical study to understand the relationship between A beta immunoreactivity localized in NFT and beta-protein precursor (beta PP). We found epitopes of amino-, mid-, and carboxyl-terminal domains of beta PP in I-NFT and the majority of E-NFT. NFT retained beta PP after ionic detergent extraction, demonstrating that beta PP is an integral component of NFT. Finding beta PP in regions of A beta immunoreactivity raises the possibility that beta PP or its fragments associate with amyloid, and that the stability of A beta is responsible for its dominance in amyloid deposits.
Performance of inverted indices in shared-nothing distributed text document information retrieval systems (2002)

The impact on query processing performance of various physical organizations for inverted lists is compared. A probabilistic mode of the database and queries is introduced. Simulation experiments determine which variables most strongly influence response time and throughput. This leads to a set of design tradeoffs over a range of hardware configurations and new parallel query processing strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enabling resonant clock distribution with scaled on-chip magnetic inductors (2009)

Resonant clock distribution with distributed LC oscillators is promising to reducing clock power and jitter noise. Yet the difficulty in the integration of on-chip inductors still limits its application in practice. This paper resolves such a key issue with sub-50 ¿m magnetic inductors, which are fully compatible with the CMOS process. These inductors leverage soft magnetic coils to achieve inductances up to 4nH, Q-factor of 3 at 1 GHz with a device diameter of only 30-50 ¿m, resulting in area savings of nearly 100X as compared to conventional design. The latency and noise performance of the resonant clock network is demonstrated to be comparable to those using conventional inductors without soft magnetic materials. In addition, inductors with integrated magnetic materials significantly reduce mutual coupling and eddy current loss in the power grid below the clock network. These design advantages enable high density of on-chip distributed oscillators, providing better phase averaging, lower power and superior noise characteristics as compared to traditional buffer-tree based clock network.
An Enhanced Immune Response in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor NFAT1 (1996)

Transcription factors of the NFAT family are thought to play a major role in regulating the expression of cytokine genes and other inducible genes during the immune response. The role of NFAT1 was investigated by targeted disruption of the NFAT1 gene. Unexpectedly, cells from NFAT1 -/- mice showed increased primary responses to Leishmania major and mounted increased secondary responses to ovalbumin in vitro. In an in vivo model of allergic inflammation, the accumulation of eosinophils and levels of serum immunoglobulin E were increased in NFAT1 -/- mice. These results suggest that NFAT1 exerts a negative regulatory influence on the immune response.
The virtual-time data-parallel machine (2003)

The authors propose the virtual-time data-parallel machine to execute SIMD (single instruction multiple data) programs asynchronously. They first illustrate how asynchronous execution is more efficient than synchronous execution. For a simple model, they show that asynchronous execution outperforms synchronous execution roughly by a factor of (ln N), where N is the number of processors in the system. They then explore how to execute SIMD programs asynchronously without violating the SIMD semantics. They design a first in, first out (FIFO) priority cache, one for each processing element, to record the recent history of all variables. The cache, which is stacked between the processor and the memory, supports asynchronous execution in hardware efficiently and preserves the SIMD semantics of the software transparently. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the virtual-time data-parallel machine can achieve linear speed-up for computation-intensive data-parallel programs when the number of processors is large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer Memories: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art (1961)

Computer memory developments of the last decade, the present state, and efforts for improvements are surveyed. The following topics are included: principles of storage and selection of random-access memories; principles and engineering considerations of current-coincident-driven core memories; magnetic decoding and load-sharing switches; word-organized one-core and two-core-per-bit memories; fast and impulse switching; transfluxor memories; non-destructive read-out memories; ferrite apertured plates; twistors; fixed read-only memories; thin magnetic film memories-dots, sheets, coated wires and rods; present operational memories typically with capacities of 105 to 106 bits and read-write cycles of 2 to 15 Msec; likelihood of the order of 100-nsec read-write cycle times attainable with ferrite and thin film memories; consideration relating to large capacities; ferroelectric memories attempts; cryoelectric superconductive memories-principle, superconductive films, Crowe cells, continuous sheets, systems, and the outlook for large capacities; tunnel diode memories which promise a read-write cycle of the order of 10 nsec; and outlook for content addressable memories.
TapCon: practical third-party attestation for the cloud (2017)

One way to establish trust in a service is to know what code it is running. However, verified code identity is currently not possible for programs launched on a cloud by another party. We propose an approach to integrate support for code attestation--authenticated statements of code identity--into layered cloud platforms and services.

To illustrate, this paper describes TapCon, an attesting container manager that provides source-based attestation and network-based authentication for containers on a trusted cloud platform incorporating new features for code attestation. TapCon allows a third party to verify that an attested container is running specific code bound securely to an identified source repository. We also show how to use attested code identity as a basis for access control. This structure enables new use cases such as joint data mining, in which two data owners agree on a safe analytics program that protects the privacy of their inputs, and then ensure that only the designated program can access their data.
Physical map of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus genome and its relationship to the genome of Cydia pomonella granulosis virus (1992)

A physical map of the genome of Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus (CIGV) was constructed for the restriction enzymes BamHI, EcoRI, KpnI, NdeI, NruI, SacI and XhoI using hybridization techniques. The size of the viral genome was determined to be 112.4 kbp. A restriction fragment library covering almost the entire genome of CIGV was constructed, and the position of the granulin gene was identified by cross-hybridization with granulin coding fragments of Cydia pomonella granulosis virus (CpGV). Two further regions of intergenomic similarity between CIGV and CpGV were mapped. These regions were aligned and show a collinear arrangement.
Numerical solution of the continuous waveguide transition problem (1989)

A simple transition between two sizes of rectangular waveguide is analyzed using the generalized telegraphist's equation. Solutions are obtained using a new moment method technique, a Runge-Kutta algorithm, and an iterative numerical integration technique. The results are compared to previously published experimental and numerical data. It is found that the numerical stability, accuracy, and consistency of the results are critically dependent on the choice of weighting and expansion functions. The best results for a simple rectangular-to-rectangular transition were obtained when Galerkin's method and triangle expansion functions were applied to several short sections which were then cascaded. Unlike the Runge-Kutta technique or the integration technique, the Galerkin's method procedure did not result in instabilities with the inclusion of evanescent modes. The programs can, in fact, be extended to any number of modes, the only apparent limitations being the obvious ones of computer time and memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multispectral Demosaicing Using Intensity in Edge-Sensing and Iterative Difference-Based Methods (2016)

Single-sensor multispectral cameras, that sample spectral channels using a multispectral filter array, have recently emerged. They provide a raw image in which each channel is spectrally sampled pixel-wise according to the filter array pattern. A demosaicing procedure is then needed to estimate a multispectral image with full spectral resolution. The usefulness of intensity-based demosaicing has been shown in a previous work. In this paper, we both propose an intensity-based adaptation of the Binary Tree-based Edge-Sensing method for raw images with no dominant spectral band, and a new iterative method that uses the central wavelength distance between spectral bands.
An Electromagnetic Indicating or Recording Remote-Reading Rotameter (1948)

This paper gives details of an all-metal type remote-reading rotameter developed with the object of removing certain serious limitations inherent in flow measurement by direct-reading indicating rotameters (the only type at present available in this country). A simple method of recording which involves negligible reactive force on the float and which is based on the electromagnetic circuit.
Glaucoma filtering surgery: factors that determine pressure control. (1984)

Factors that determine pressure control after filtering surgery were studied in 194 eyes of 158 patients in a retrospective study. Emphasis was placed on the cumulative probability method of Kaplan and Meier and multiple regression analysis. Aphakia and the presence of a surgical bleb were the most important factors. Age and type of surgical procedure were next. Race and race-sex interaction were the least important. The above factors accounted for only 6% to 16% of the total variance. The difference between eyes of the same patient was less than that between paired eyes of different patients but the former was surprisingly high. In the selected group of successful cases without medication the postoperative pressure was independent of the baseline pressure and choice of surgical procedure.
Liquid-chromatographic determination of amiodarone and N-desethylamiodarone in serum (1990)

We have developed a stable and simple normal-phase liquid-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring amiodarone and its metabolite, N-desethylamiodarone, within 8 min. The chromatographic system consists of a 15 cm x 3.9 mm Waters "Resolve" silica column and a mobile phase of ammonium sulfate (17 mmol/L, pH 6.8) and methanol (8/92 by vol), pumped at 1.8 mL/min and monitored at 254 nm. After 250 microL of serum is mixed with 100 microL of 0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4, 100 microL of the internal standard solution (L8040, 6 mg/L), and 200 microL of isopropyl ether, the mixture is vortex-mixed and centrifuged. Fifty microliters of the organic layer is injected onto the column. Relative recovery was 100% over the assay range of 0.1 to 20.0 mg/L for both compounds. Within-run and total (day-to-day) CVs were 3% and 7% for amiodarone and 5% and 8% for N-desethylamiodarone, respectively.
Heterocyclic Compounds. III. Substituted Barbituric Acids via Enamines<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic Compounds. III. Substituted Barbituric Acids via Enamines1Ajay K. Bose and George MinaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3, 812–814Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01014a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01014a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances in Click Chemistry for Single-Chain Nanoparticle Construction (2013)

Single-chain polymeric nanoparticles are artificial folded soft nano-objects of ultra-small size which have recently gained prominence in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their exceptional and sometimes unique properties. This review focuses on the current state of the investigations of click chemistry techniques for highly-efficient single-chain nanoparticle construction. Additionally, recent progress achieved for the use of well-defined single-chain nanoparticles in some promising fields, such as nanomedicine and catalysis, is highlighted.
Boron and high-<i>k</i> dielectrics: Possible fourth etch stop colors for multipattern optical lithography processing (2017)

In a companion article, the etch characteristics of materials within the Si-C-O-N-H system were surveyed using two common fluorinated plasma etches used to etch SiO2 interlayer dielectrics and SiN:H etch stop layers (CHF3 and CF4/O2, respectively) with the goal of identifying new materials or “colors” to assist in the simplification of advanced multipass optical lithography. In this study, the authors investigate additional materials outside the traditional Si-C-O-N-H phase diagram with the hope of identifying potential third or fourth color pattern-assist materials. The specific materials investigated include a series of high-k dielectrics commonly used in the industry (Al2O3, AlN, and HfO2) and boron-based solids (a-B:H, a-BxN:H, a-BxP:H, and a-BxC:H) that have been previously identified as potential hard mask, polish stop, and/or low-k dielectric materials. The high-k dielectrics were all found to exhibit low to unmeasureable etch rates in both fluorinated etches. In contrast, the boron-based solids all exhibited etch rates in the CF4/O2 etch up to an order of magnitude or more higher than those of silicon-based materials while still exhibiting comparable etch rates in the CHF3 interlayer dielectric etch. The high-k dielectrics thus appear to be potential third or fourth color materials, provided etch chemistries capable of selectively etching these relative to other silicon- and carbon-based materials can be identified. The results for the boron-based solids suggest more immediate applications in patterning silicon-based materials. A more detailed examination of the B-C-H system also suggests that significant optimization of the etch selectivity can be achieved via compositional tuning for a-BxC:H and other boron-based dielectric materials.
Effect of Increasing the Copy Number of Bacteriophage Origins of Replication, in <i>trans</i> , on Incoming-Phage Proliferation (1993)

Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms which are derived from a bacteriophage genome are termed Per (phage-encoded resistance). When present in trans in Lactococcus lactis NCK203, Per50, the cloned origin of replication from phage phi50, interferes with phi50 replication. The per50 fragment was found to afford negligible protection to NCK203 against phi50 infection when present in a low-copy-number plasmid, pTRK325. A high-copy-number Per50 construct (pTRK323) dramatically affected phi50 infection, reducing the efficiency of plaquing (EOP) to 2.5 x 10 and the plaque size to pinhead proportions. This clone also afforded significant protection against other related small isometric phages. Per31 was cloned from phage phi31 and demonstrated to function as an origin of replication by enabling replication of per31-containing plasmids, in NCK203, on phi31 infection. A low-copy-number Per31 plasmid (pTRK360) reduced the EOP of phi31 on NCK203 to 0.3 and the plaque diameter from 1.5 to 0.5 mm. When this plasmid was cloned in high copy number, the EOP was further reduced to 7.2 x 10 but the plaques were large and contained Per31-resistant phages. Characterization of these "new" phages revealed at least two different types that were similar to phi31, except that DNA alterations were noted in the region containing the origin. This novel and powerful abortive phage resistance mechanism should prove useful when directed at specific, problematic phages.
Methods for using groundwater model predictions to guide hydrogeologic data collection, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (2003)

Calibrated models of groundwater systems can provide substantial information for guiding data collection. This work considers using such models to guide hydrogeologic data collection for improving model predictions by identifying model parameters that are most important to the predictions. Identification of these important parameters can help guide collection of field data about parameter values and associated flow system features and can lead to improved predictions. Methods for identifying parameters important to predictions include prediction scaled sensitivities (PSS), which account for uncertainty on individual parameters as well as prediction sensitivity to parameters, and a new “value of improved information” (VOII) method presented here, which includes the effects of parameter correlation in addition to individual parameter uncertainty and prediction sensitivity. In this work, the PSS and VOII methods are demonstrated and evaluated using a model of the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system. The predictions of interest are advective transport paths originating at sites of past underground nuclear testing. Results show that for two paths evaluated the most important parameters include a subset of five or six of the 23 defined model parameters. Some of the parameters identified as most important are associated with flow system attributes that do not lie in the immediate vicinity of the paths. Results also indicate that the PSS and VOII methods can identify different important parameters. Because the methods emphasize somewhat different criteria for parameter importance, it is suggested that parameters identified by both methods be carefully considered in subsequent data collection efforts aimed at improving model predictions.
Smartphone Apps Using Photoplethysmography for Heart Rate Monitoring: Meta-Analysis (2018)

Smartphone apps measuring heart rate by performing PPG appear to agree with a validated method in an adult population during resting sinus rhythm. In a pediatric population, the use of these apps is currently not validated.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN LOBSTER, <i>HOMARUS AMERICANUS</i> (1962)

American lobsters ( Homarus americanus ) have been hatched and reared at the Massachusetts State Lobster Hatchery, Oak Bluffs, Mass., since 1951. Individual lobsters have been held for as long as 10 years. Records have been maintained on seasonal occurrence of hatching, duration of the larval period, occurrence of molting with age and season, and rates of growth. The peak in hatching intensity occurs in late June or early July when water temperatures approximate 20°C. Time required for larvae to attain the 4th stage appears to be inversely related to temperature above 18°C, with less evidence of temperature‐dependence below this level. Molting frequency declines with age; lobsters molt approximately 9 times during their first growing season but no more than once annually by their sixth growing season. Molting occurs most frequently in early summer and again in early fall. Growth rates indicate that a period of 5 years from date of hatching is required for a lobster to attain legal marketable size—3 3/16 in. carapace length—in Massachusetts. Percentage increase in length per molt declines with age.
Fever in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1981)

In this study among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, more febrile episodes occurred during induction of remission and relapse than during remission. Infection was mainly responsible for fever during remission, regardless of the neutrophil count. However, during induction and relapse, evidence suggests that the underlying malignancy is the more likely cause of fever if the neutrophil count exceeds 200 per mm3. For all cases, the risk of serious infection was high with severe neutropenia (neutrophil count less than 200 per mm3). Of the organisms identified, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were equally represented. Infection remains a serious problem in the management of children with leukemia.