gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometry Biotyper System Identifies Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Directly from Colonies Grown on Selective Stool Culture Media (2010)

We evaluated the performance and cost-effectiveness of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based Biotyper system for the routine identification of common enteric bacterial pathogens seen in middle Tennessee from suspicious colonies grown on selective stool culture media. A total of 304 suspicious colonies were selected and further identified from 605 stool specimens. The suspicious colonies were analyzed by the Biotyper system, and the results were compared to those from routine phenotypic methods, which identified 22 Salmonella species, 39 Shigella species, 3 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) isolates, 2 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates, 2 Campylobacter species, and 236 gastrointestinal normal flora isolates. The Biotyper system correctly identified the Salmonella species, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Campylobacter species but failed to distinguish the Shigella species and EHEC isolates from E. coli. Among the 236 normal flora isolates, 233 (98.7%) and 228 (96.6%) agreed at the genus and species levels, respectively, between the phenotypic and Biotyper methods. Organism identification scores were insignificantly different between colonies directly from selective media and subsequently from pure subculture. The entire Biotyper identification procedure, from smear preparation to final result reporting, can be completed within 30 min. The Biotyper system provides a rapid and simple screening tool for identifying many, but not all, suspicious colonies grown on selective media within 24 h after inoculation, which shortens test turnaround time by 2 to 3 days.
New subspecies of PhUippine birds (1960)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
AFTERLOADING IN INTERSTITIAL AND INTRACAVITARY RADIATION THERAPY. (1963)

Afterloading techniques eliminate radiation exposure for most hospital personnel, satisfy federal, state, and city regulations, add to the convenience of the physician, and improve the care of the patients. (auth)
An RNA ligase from wheat germ which participates in transfer RNA splicing in vitro. (1983)

Transfer RNA half-molecules are intermediates in the splicing of tRNA precursors containing intervening sequences. We have utilized yeast tRNA half-molecules to identify and partially purify an ATP-dependent RNA ligase activity from extracts of wheat germ. This activity can complement a yeast tRNA endonuclease in vitro to efficiently splice 10 different yeast tRNA precursors. The products of in vitro splicing are a covalently joined tRNA and a circular intervening sequence RNA. The internucleotide bond formed at the splice junction is a 2'-phosphomonoester, 3',5'-phosphodiester structure. The 2'-phosphate originates from the 2',3'-cyclic phosphate at the 3' terminus of the 5' half-tRNA. The phosphodiester phosphate is derived from the gamma-phosphate of ATP.
Synthesis, characterization and corrosion inhibition in acid medium of <scp>l</scp>‐histidine Schiff base complexes (2014)

Complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) of l ‐histidine Schiff base derived from 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde have been synthesized. The structures of ligands and complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment measurements, and spectral and thermal studies. The ligands behave as tridentate, coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen and α‐hydroxyl and carboxylic oxygen atoms. The obtained results show that the Cu(II) complexes have square planar geometry, the Co(II) complexes have octahedral and tetrahedral geometries and the Ni(II) complexes have square planar and octahedral geometries. The molecular geometries of the metal complexes are supported by three‐dimensional molecular modelling using molecular mechanics (MM+) and semiempirical molecular orbital calculations (PM3). The inhibition effect of ligands and complexes on the corrosion of aluminium in 2 M H 2 SO 4 was investigated using weight loss. The inhibition efficiency is found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and temperature. The increase in inhibition efficiency with increasing temperature is suggestive of a chemical adsorption process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal stress in diamond films (1995)

Residual stress in polycrystalline diamond films deposited from a DC arc plasma on ten different substrate materials (SiO{sub 2}, Si, SiC, Mo, Cu, Ni, Fe-Ni alloy, WC-Co and steel) was measured using micro Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. To improve adhesion some metals were precoated with a thin buffer layer of tungsten. The measured stress correlates with expected thermal stress originated from a mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for diamond and substrate materials. The highest compressive stress at room temperature {sigma} = -11.4 GPa has been found at Ni substrate, and it increased to -14.3 GPa at T=78 K, while the stress was strongly relaxed at copper because of its plasticity. The stress values determined from Raman spectra using a biaxial stress model are in good agreement with data obtained from X-ray diffraction.
A Behavior‐based Classification and Retrieval Technique for Object‐oriented Specification Reuse (1996)

This paper presents a classification and retrieval technique for object-oriented specification reuse, based on the assumption that existing specifications exhibiting behaviors similar to that of the system under development are appropriate for reuse. Existing specifications are classified and retrieved according to the semantic networks abstracted from their behaviors. Since semantic networks attach semantic meanings to certain degrees of detail, our technique is rather precise. Primary behavior is used to classify specifications because it can be obtained in the early phases of system analysis. Therefore, our technique allows early reuse. Moreover, subspecifications and classes of existing specifications are classified independently so that they can be retrieved for reuse separately. Thus, our technique encourages reusing subspecifications as well as classes. Since a subspecification is composed of classes and their relationships, reusing it corresponds to reusing all those classes and relationships. A technique that reuses subspecifications as well as classes is thus expected to save more time than those that reuse only classes.
Formation of Large Palindromic DNA by Homologous Recombination of Short Inverted Repeat Sequences in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2002)

Large DNA palindromes form sporadically in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and are often associated with amplified genes. The presence of a short inverted repeat sequence near a DNA double-strand break has been implicated in the formation of large palindromes in a variety of organisms. Previously we have established that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a linear DNA palindrome is efficiently formed from a single-copy circular plasmid when a DNA double-strand break is introduced next to a short inverted repeat sequence. In this study we address whether the linear palindromes form by an intermolecular reaction (that is, a reaction between two identical fragments in a head-to-head arrangement) or by an unusual intramolecular reaction, as it apparently does in other examples of palindrome formation. Our evidence supports a model in which palindromes are primarily formed by an intermolecular reaction involving homologous recombination of short inverted repeat sequences. We have also extended our investigation into the requirement for DNA double-strand break repair genes in palindrome formation. We have found that a deletion of the RAD52 gene significantly reduces palindrome formation by intermolecular recombination and that deletions of two other genes in the RAD52-epistasis group (RAD51 and MRE11) have little or no effect on palindrome formation. In addition, palindrome formation is dramatically reduced by a deletion of the nucleotide excision repair gene RAD1.
Soot Formation in Diesel Fuel Jets Near the Lift-Off Length (2006)

Soot formation in the region downstream of the lift-off length of diesel fuel jets was investigated in an optically accessible constant-volume combustion vessel under quiescent-type diesel engine conditions. Planar laser-induced incandescence and line-of-sight laser extinction were used to determine the location of the first soot formation during mixing-controlled combustion. OH chemiluminescence imaging was used to determine the location of high-heat-release reactions relative to the soot-forming region. The primary parameters varied in the experiments were the sooting propensity of the fuel and the amount of fuel-air premixing that occurs upstream of the lift-off length. The fuels considered in order of increasing sooting propensity were: an oxygenated fuel blend (T70), a blend of diesel cetane-number reference fuels (CN80), and a #2 diesel fuel (D2). Fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length was varied by changing ambient gas and injector conditions, which varied either the lift-off length or the air entrainment rate into the fuel jet relative to the fuel injection rate. Results show that soot formation starts at a finite distance downstream of the lift-off length and that the spatial location of soot formation depends on the fuel type and operating conditions. The distance from the lift-off length to the location of the first soot formation increases as the fuel sooting propensity decreases (i.e. in the order D2 < CN80 < T70). At the baseline operating conditions, the most upstream soot formation occurs at the edges of the jet for D2 and CN80, while for T70 the soot formation is confined to the jet central region. When conditions are varied to produce enhanced fuel-air mixing upstream of the lift-off length in D2 fuel jets, the initial soot formation shifts towards the fuel jet centre and eventually no soot is formed. For all experimental conditions, the observed location of soot formation relative to the heat-release location (lift-off) suggests that soot formation occurs in a mixture of combustion products originating from partially premixed reactions and a diffusion flame. The results also imply that soot precursor formation rates depend strongly on fuel type in the region between the lift-off length and the first soot formation.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Microphase Separation in Thermoassociative Copolymers (1998)

The morphology of poly(sodium acrylate)-g-poly(ethylene oxide) graft copolymers (PAA-g-PEO) in semidilute solution has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering using a temperature or salting-out effect as trigger for the phase separation of PEO side chains. As soon as the critical conditions are reached, a scattering peak arising from the correlation between the PEO domains is clearly observed. Beyond the critical conditions, e.g., at higher temperature or salt concentration, the magnitude of the fluctuations keeps on increasing while their wavelength or the periodicity of the microdomains remains constant. At the same time, the asymptotic behavior, studied at higher values of the scattering vector q, indicates that PEO side chains undergo a continuous transition from an homogeneous solution of random coils, in the weak segregation regime, to a microseparated two-phase structure with a sharp boundary in the so-called strong segregation regime (corresponding to high temperature and/or salt concentration). The modeling performed in the strong segregation regime indicates that PEO microdomains behave as polydisperse spherical micelles organized in a simple cubic lattice. Moreover, the absolute fitting of the experimental results with a polydisperse sphere model clearly indicates that the clustering of the PEO grafts, e.g., the temperature of microphase separation, the number of side chains gathered into the microdomains, and the concentration inside these clusters, is totally described, qualitatively and quantitatively, by the phase diagram of PEO. Using various copolymers, differing either by the number of hydrophilic units between the side chains (NA) or the number of ethylene oxide units (NB), we show that the aggregation number (Nag) is mainly fixed by the primary structure of the copolymer. Nag can be roughly estimated using a scaling relation taking into account its double dependence with the lengths of both hydrophilic and “hydrophobic” units: Nag ∼ NBβ/NAα.
Reproductive-endocrine point-of-care testing: current status and limitations (2010)

Point-of-care (POC) testing for the detection of pregnancy and the prediction of ovulation has grown and evolved since the introduction of the first qualitative pregnancy test marketed directly to the consumer over three decades ago. Numerous publications have analyzed both pregnancy and ovulation prediction devices for their sensitivity, accuracy and general utility. Despite vast improvements in ease-of-use and sensitivity from their earlier forms, the primary literature regarding the utility of these devices is at times incomplete. This article reviews the literature focusing on the sensitivity and accuracy of the modern urine-luteinizing hormone ovulation prediction devices, and the effect these devices have on fertility rates. In addition, the analytical sensitivity and clinical utility of POC pregnancy tests will be reviewed, along with the potential causes of false negative and false positive results.
A Co-Design Solution for Wireless Feedback Control (2007)

This paper demonstrates how the principles of co-design, the merging of communication technology with control theory, can simultaneously improve both control and communication performance within an IEEE 802.11b wireless networked control system (WNCS). Data rate scaling is first described, which is a special property within 802.11 wireless networks that improves the frame error ratio (FER) of the communication channel under poor channel conditions. This is followed by a description of sample rate adaptation, a control technique that adapts the sampling interval in response to time-varying network parameters. Although both schemes are effective individually, significant improvement in performance was seen when both were used together, thereby highlighting the benefits of co-design. Supportive results are presented from a simulated cart-mounted inverted pendulum system.
Electrophilic addition reactions of the Lewis acids B(C6F5)2R [R = C6F5, Ph, H or Cl] with the metallocene hydrides [M(η-C5H5)2H2] (M = Mo or W), [Re(η-C5H5)2H] and [Ta(η-C5H5)2H3] (2000)

The syntheses of the new compounds [W(η-C5H5)(η-C5H4{B(C6F5)2R})H3], where R = (C6F5) 1, Ph 2, H 3 or Cl 4, [Mo(η-C5H5)2(H)(η1-HB(C6F5)3)] 5, [Mo(η-C5H5)2(H)(η1-H2B(C6F5)2)] 6, [Mo(η-C5H4Me)2(H)(η1-HB(C6F5)3)] 7, [Re(η-C5H5)(η-C5H4B(C6F5)3)H2]·0.5C6H5Me 8, [Ta(η-C5H5)2(H)2(η1-HB(C6F5)3)] 9 and [Re(η-C5H5)(η-C5H4{B(C6F5)2})(C6F5)] 10 are described. The crystal structures of compounds 4 and 10 have been determined. Initial electrophilic addition of the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 occurs either by exo-addition to a carbon of a η-cyclopentadienyl ring with formation of an exo-{(C6F5)3B}C5H5, or by formation of an M–μ-H–B two-electron three-centre bond.
Depth and breadth away from the desktop (2006)

The optimal way to structure information in hierarchies has occupied researchers for at least two decades. In the last few years, mobile devices added new challenges to this research: the limited screen size, navigation methods and data transfer rates make the search for the optimal information structure even more complex. In this paper an experiment is presented that investigates the usability of 4 different information hierarchies (46, 84, 163 and 642) on three mobile devices. It turns out that the narrow hierarchies (46 and 84) perform better than the broader hierarchies on the three devices. The experiment was repeated on two more occasions with the same participants to test expertise effects; the preference for narrow hierarchies did not change over the three occasions.
Fiber-optic chemifluorescent immunoassay for house dust mite allergen Der f1 (2013)

A fiber-optic chemifluorescent immunoassay system for detection of Der f1 was constructed. Der f1 is one of the most important indoor allergens derived from Dermatophagoides farinae. The system measures Der f1 as fluorescence amplified by an enzymatic reaction between labeled enzyme to a detection antibody and fluorescent substrate. The measurement range for Der f1 was from 0.49 to 62.5 ng/ml which was equal to that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The system showed also high selectivity as the result of the comparison of the sensor outputs between Der f1 and other airborne allergens.
The reorganisation of Australian distance education: some comments (1991)

(1991). The reorganisation of Australian distance education: some comments. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 52-55.
Amla ( <i>Emblica officinalis</i> Gaertn.) Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2005)

The antioxidant properties of amla extracts and their effects on the oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes were examined in rats. Amla in the form of either the commercial enzymatic extract SunAmla (Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., Yokkaichi, Japan) (20 or 40 mg/kg of body weight/day) or a polyphenol-rich fraction of ethyl acetate extract (10 or 20 mg/kg of body weight/day) was given orally for 20 days to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Amla extracts showed strong free radical scavenging activity. Amla also showed strong inhibition of the production of advanced glycosylated end products. The oral administration of amla extracts to the diabetic rats slightly improved body weight gain and also significantly alleviated various oxidative stress indices of the serum of the diabetic rats. The elevated serum levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which is a glycosylated protein that is an indicator of oxidative stress, were significantly reduced dose-dependently in the diabetic rats fed amla. Similarly, the serum level of creatinine, yet another oxidative stress parameter, was also reduced. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were significantly reduced with amla, indicating a reduction in lipid peroxidation. In addition, the decreased albumin levels in the diabetic rats were significantly improved with amla. Amla also significantly improved the serum adiponectin levels. These results form the scientific basis supporting the efficacy of amla for relieving the oxidative stress and improving glucose metabolism in diabetes.
Antigen-capturing Cells Can Masquerade as Memory B Cells (2003)

As well as classically defined switched immunoglobulin isotype-expressing B cells, memory B cells are now thought to include IgM-expressing cells and memory cells that lack B cell lineage markers, such as B220 or CD19. We set out to compare the relative importance of memory B cell subsets with an established flow cytometry method to identify antigen-specific cells. After immunization with PE, we could detect B220+ and, as reported previously, B220- antigen-binding cells (McHeyzer-Williams, L.J., M. Cool, and M.G. McHeyzer-Williams. 2001. J. Immunol. 167:1393-1405). The B220-PE+ cells bore few markers typical of B cells, but resembled myeloid cells. Further analysis of the antigen-binding characteristics of these cells showed that, upon immunization with two fluorescent proteins, the B220- cells could bind both. Furthermore, this subpopulation was detected in RAG1-/- mice after transfer of anti-PE mouse serum. These data strongly suggest that these cells capture serum Ig, via Fc receptors, and thus appear antigen-specific. Investigation of these antigen-capturing cells in a variety of knockout mice indicates that they bind monomeric IgG in an FcgammaR1 (CD64)-dependent manner. We find no evidence of a B220- memory B cell population that is not explicable by antigen-capturing cells, and warn that care must be taken when using antigen-specificity or surface IgG as an indicator of B cell memory.
Management of the anxious patient prone to drug abuse. (1981)

A 26-year old moderately mentally retarded woman was taught the Transcendental Meditation technique. She experienced spontaneous improvements in her verbal and social behavior and physiological functioning over a period of three years while practicing the technique.
Monomethacrylate co‐monomers for dental resins (1998)

Polymerisation shrinkage is widely recognised as a major drawback of resin based dental restoratives. Bis-GMA is often employed as the principal dimethacrylate monomer. Due to its high viscosity, Bis-GMA is normally mixed with large proportions of low viscosity glycol dimethacrylates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the polymerisation shrinkage of Bis-GMA-based resins would be lower if alternative monomethacrylate co-monomers were used in place of conventional dimethacrylate co-monomers as viscosity modifiers. Conventional resins used were ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate; the alternative monofunctional co-monomers were tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate. Model resins containing 54% mol/mol of co-monomer in Bis-GMA and 1% w/w of benzoyl peroxide as initiator were heat-cured at 70 degrees C for 8 h. Polymerisation shrinkage, degree of conversion and concentration of remaining methacrylate groups were calculated from density changes obtained gravimetrically. Other properties evaluated were Young's modulus, water uptake and viscosity of the monomer mixtures. The Bis-GMA-based resins exhibited lower shrinkage when mixed using the monomethacrylates rather than with conventional glycol dimethacrylates. Among the alternative co-monomers, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate conferred the best balance of all measured properties.
Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis (1991)

Plantar fasciitis is a relatively common injury that occurs in running athletes. The disease entity is a good example of an overloaded process of the plantar fascia at its calcaneal insertion. This study was designed to examine the strength and flexibility findings in the muscles that are put on tensile load during running, and which are responsible for controlling the forces on the foot during stance and pushoff, thus modifying the overload. Three groups of athletes underwent physical examination, including checking ankle range of motion in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Cybex peak torque measurements were taken at 60 and 180 deg/sec. The groups were a control group of 45 athletes with no symptoms, a group that included 43 affected feet with symptomatic plantar fasciitis, and a group that included the 43 unaffected contralateral feet. Analysis of data showed dynamic range of motion deficits in 38 of 43 affected feet, static range of motion deficits in 37 of 43 affected feet, deficits in peak torque at 60 deg/sec in 41 of 43 affected feet, and deficits in peak torque at 180 deg/sec in 37 of 43 affected feet. Statistical comparison of range of motion showed that the group with symptomatic plantar fasciitis was significantly restricted compared to both control and unaffected contralateral feet groups. Statistical comparison of peak torque showed that the symptomatic plantar fasciitis group was significantly lower than both other groups at both velocities. This study documents strength and flexibility deficits in the supporting musculature of the posterior calf and foot that are affected by plantar fasciitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)