gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of SARFH (Sarcoma-Associated RNA-Binding Fly Homolog) with Regions of Chromatin Transcribed by RNA Polymerase II (1995)

Many oncogenes associated with human sarcomas are composed of a fusion between transcription factors and the N-terminal portions of two similar RNA-binding proteins, TLS and EWS. Though the oncogenic fusion proteins lack the RNA-binding domain and do not bind RNA, the contribution from the N-terminal portion of the RNA-binding protein is essential for their transforming activity. TLS and EWS associate in vivo with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcripts. To learn more about the target gene specificity of this interaction, the localization of a Drosophila melanogaster protein that has extensive sequence identity to the C-terminal RNA-binding portions of TLS and EWS was studied in preparations of Drosophila polytene nuclei. cDNA clones encoding the full-length Drosophila TLS-EWS homolog, SARFH (stands for sarcoma-associated RNA-binding fly homolog), were isolated. Functional similarity to TLS and EWS was revealed by the association of SARFH with Pol II transcripts in mammalian cells and by the ability of SARFH to elicit homologous down-regulation of the levels of the mammalian proteins. The SARFH gene is expressed in the developing Drosophila embryo from the earliest stages of cellularization and is subsequently found in many cell types. In preparations of polytene chromosomes from salivary gland nuclei, SARFH antibodies recognize their target associated with the majority of active transcription units, revealed by colocalization with the phosphorylated form of RNA Pol II. We conclude that SARFH and, by homology, EWS and TLS participate in a function common to the expression of most genes transcribed by RNA Pol II.
High-Efficiency Carbohydrate Fermentation to Ethanol at Temperatures above 40°C by <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> var. <i>marxianus</i> Isolated from Sugar Mills (1986)

A number of yeast strains, isolated from sugar cane mills and identified as strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus, were examined for their ability to ferment glucose and cane syrup to ethanol at high temperatures. Several strains were capable of rapid fermentation at temperatures up to 47 degrees C. At 43 degrees C, >6% (wt/vol) ethanol was produced after 12 to 14 h of fermentation, concurrent with retention of high cell viability (>80%). Although the type strain (CBS 712) of K. marxianus var. marxianus produced up to 6% (wt/vol) ethanol at 43 degrees C, cell viability was low, 30 to 50%, and the fermentation time was 24 to 30 h. On the basis of currently available strains, we suggest that it may be possible by genetic engineering to construct yeasts capable of fermenting carbohydrates at temperatures close to 50 degrees C to produce 10 to 15% (wt/vol) ethanol in 12 to 18 h with retention of cell viability.
Rapid integrated-circuit reliability-simulation and its application to testing (1992)

A reliability simulator which predicts electromigration through high-level simulation is presented. Although the accuracy of the voltage and current waveforms is decreased, the rapid simulation allows larger ICs and longer input vectors to be simulated. The decreased accuracy in determining node voltages is traded against improved accuracy in modeling the input workload. Three applications which were not feasible with earlier approaches are described: (1) a bit-serial processor is simulated for a specific application, computing the impact of individual instructions on the overall reliability; (2) the relative probabilities of all possible electromigration failures in a 4-bit arithmetic-logic unit were used to weight the coverage of random testing for that chip to predict the actual coverage experienced in the field; (3) an experiment determined the influence of the order of application of vectors during burn-in on the effectiveness of a screening operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK): An Abridged Explanation and Elaboration (2018)

The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) were developed to address widespread deficiencies in the reporting of such studies. The REMARK checklist consists of 20 items to report for published tumor marker prognostic studies. A detailed paper was published explaining the rationale behind checklist items, providing positive examples and giving empirical evidence of the quality of reporting. REMARK provides a comprehensive overview to educate on good reporting and provide a valuable reference for the many issues to consider when designing, conducting, and analyzing tumor marker studies and prognostic studies in medicine in general. Despite support for REMARK from major cancer journals, prognostic factor research studies remain poorly reported. To encourage dissemination and uptake of REMARK, we have produced this considerably abridged version of the detailed explanatory manuscript, which may also serve as a brief guide to key issues for investigators planning tumor marker prognostic studies. To summarize the current situation, more recent papers investigating the quality of reporting and related reporting guidelines are cited, but otherwise the literature is not updated. Another important impetus for this paper is that it serves as a basis for literal translations into other languages. Translations will help to bring key information to a larger audience world-wide. Many more details can be found in the original paper.
Ghrelin Prevents Disruption of the Blood–Brain Barrier after Traumatic Brain Injury (2011)

Significant effort has been focused on reducing neuronal damage from post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-mediated edema. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin decreases inflammation in sepsis models, and has recently been shown to be neuroprotective following subarachnoid hemorrhage. We hypothesized that ghrelin modulates cerebral vascular permeability and mediates BBB breakdown following TBI. Using a weight-drop model, TBI was created in three groups of mice: sham, TBI, and TBI/ghrelin. The BBB was investigated by examining its permeability to FITC-dextran and through quantification of perivascualar aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Finally, we immunoblotted for serum S100B as a marker of brain injury. Compared to sham, TBI caused significant histologic neuronal degeneration, increases in vascular permeability, perivascular expression of AQP-4, and serum levels of S100B. Treatment with ghrelin mitigated these effects; after TBI, ghrelin-treated mice had vascular permeability and perivascular AQP-4 and S100B levels that were similar to sham. Our data suggest that ghrelin prevents BBB disruption after TBI. This is evident by a decrease in vascular permeability that is linked to a decrease in AQP-4. This decrease in vascular permeability may diminish post-TBI brain tissue damage was evident by decreased S100B.
An investigation of primary malignancies associated with ampullary carcinoma. (2005)

Ampullary carcinoma is associated with a high incidence of other malignancies, particularly colonic and gastric carcinomas. The possibility of associated malignancies should therefore be considered in preoperative screening and postoperative follow-up of patients with ampullary carcinoma.
Collagen of edible jellyfish exumbrella (1999)

The edible jellyfish exumbrella collagen was prepared by limited pepsin digestion. The yield of collagen was very high; 46.4% on the basis of lyophilised dry weight. This collagen was comprised of α1α2α3-heterotrimers, moreover it was relatively stable at 26.0 °C for 60 min. Thus, the edible jellyfish exumbrella will have potential as an important collagen source for use in various industries and it is expected that the development thus so far unutilised resource will advance in the future. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of Sodium Borohydride Reduction to Synthesis of Substituted Aminopiperidines, Aminopiperazines, Aminopyridines, and Hydrazines (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Sodium Borohydride Reduction to Synthesis of Substituted Aminopiperidines, Aminopiperazines, Aminopyridines, and HydrazinesGORDON N. WALKER, MIRIAM ANN MOORE, and BARBARA N. WEAVERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 8, 2740–2747Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01066a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01066a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views710Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bismuth-Based High-Temperature Superconductors (1996)

Overview: discovery and progress in Bi-based oxide high Tc superconductors. Physics and chemistry: crystal structure thermal and magnetic properties tunnelling phases and their relationships in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System phase equilibria and crystal chemistry of the high-temperature superconducting compounds of the system Bi2O3-SrO-CaO-CuO intrinsic pinning radiation effects preparation of precursor powders preparation of single crystals diffusion reaction in Bi-base oxides. Bulk, wire/tape and applications: Bi-based superconductor fabricated by the floating zone method Bi-based bulk current leads and their applications power-in-tube Bi2223 Ag-sheathed tape: basic process, microstructure and critical current density thermodynamics, microstructure and critical current density in Bi, Pb(2223) tapes manufacture and properties of Bi-2212-based Ag sheathed wires Bi-2212 Ag sheathed wire properties of Bi-2212 silver-sheathed tape and its application to magnets Bi-2212/Ag composite tapes processed by Doctor Blade or dip-coating process coils, power leads, busbars and cables fabrication and characterization of HYSC coils made from Bi-2223 conductors. Thin films and applications: MOCVD growth of high-quality B12223 superconducting films layer-by-layer growth of Bi-based superlattices by molecular beam epitaxy basic properties for BSCCO devices. Outlook: future prospects. (Part contents.)
Antiepileptic Therapy, Folate Deficiency, and Psychiatric Morbidity: A General Practice Survey (1985)

The effect of anticonvulsant drugs on folate metabolism and mental symptoms has been investigated extensively in hospital-based studies, but never before in the community or general practice setting. Blood count, serum vitamin B12, red blood cell (RBC), and serum folate were measured in a sample of 82 adult epileptic patients drawn from 5 group practices (14 general practitioners) in southeast London. All patients were receiving antiepileptic medication at the time of examination and were interviewed with a standardized measure of psychopathology. Serum folate values below the lower limit of the normal range (3-15 micrograms/L) were obtained in 9 (10.9%) subjects, and in 50 (60.9%) patients, serum folate concentrations were less than the mean (6.02 micrograms/L) for the whole sample. Macrocytosis was detected in 20 (24.3%) patients. RBC and serum folate levels were significantly correlated with one another, but not with vitamin B12 concentrations. Levels of RBC and serum folate were significantly lower in patients on polytherapy (n = 40) than in those on monotherapy (n = 42); the folate concentrations were also significantly lower in the group with psychiatric morbidity. The association between folate deficiency and affective morbidity was demonstrated for depression but not for anxiety. There was no relationship between serum vitamin B12 and psychiatric disturbance. These findings are discussed in the light of relevant literature regarding the mechanism of action of anticonvulsant drugs in folate depletion and the neuropsychiatric sequelae.
Physics and Engineering Design for Wendelstein VII-X (1990)

AbstractThe future experiment Wendelstein VII-X (W VII-X) is being developed at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik. A Helical Advanced Stellarator (Helias) configuration has been chosen because of its confinement and stability properties. The goals of W VII-X are to continue the development of the modular stellarator, to demonstrate the reactor capability of this stellarator line, and to achieve quasi-steady-state operation in a temperature regime >5 keV. This temperature regime can be reached in W VII-X if neoclassical transport plus the anomalous transport found in W VII-A prevail. A heating power of 20 MW will be applied to reach the reactor-relevant parameter regime.The magnetic field in W VII-X has five field periods. Other basic data are as follows: major radius R0 = 6.5 m, magnetic induction B0 = 3 T, stored magnetic energy W ≈ 0.88 GJ, and average plasma radius a = 0.65 m. Superconducting coils are favored because of their steady-state field, but pulsed water-cooled copper coils are also being investigated.Unlike planar circular magnetic field coils, which experience only a radially directed force, twisted coils are subject to a lateral force component as well. Studies of various superconducting coil systems for Helias configurations have shown that the magnitudes of these radial and lateral force components are comparable. Based on a support model, the mechanical stresses are calculated; all components of the stress tensor are of equal importance. Other studies being conducted are concerned with the many complex engineering aspects presented by the construction of nonplanar superconducting coils.
Disruption of the Sleep-Wake Cycle and Diurnal Fluctuation of β-Amyloid in Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology (2012)

Decreased sleep and attenuation of circadian fluctuations in Aβ reflect amyloid-associated pathology in Alzheimer’s disease.
Isolation of rice allergenic cDNA clones from a rice cDNA library by immunoscreening with a polyclonal antibody specific to 16 kD rice allergenic protein (1999)

Clinical cases of type-1 hypersensitive reaction to rice (Oryza sativa) have been reported in western countries as well as in Japan. Among rice proteins, 14-16 kD globulin proteins encoded by multiple gene family have been identified as major rice allergens. In this study, a rice cDNA library was constructed using lambda UniZap vector and screened with a rat anti-16 kD globulin protein polyclonal antibody in order to isolate Korean rice allergenic cDNA clones. Five independent cDNA clones, termed RAK1-5, were obtained after second rounds of plaque assay and immunoblot analysis. These clones encoded 13-19 kD recombinant proteins upon IPTG induction, which were identified by the polyclonal antibody in immunoblot analysis. DNA sequencing analysis showed that RAK1-4 have 99% sequence homology with RA5b, and RAK5 is closely related with RA14c. This result indicated that RA5b gene is widely distributed in our cDNA library among other possible rice allergenic genes, and more study is needed to isolate heterogeneous or novel rice allergen genes.
Modulation of the gut microbiota by a galactooligosaccharide protects against heavy metal lead accumulation in mice (2019)

The heavy metal lead (Pb) is a toxic contaminant that induces a range of adverse effects in humans. The present study demonstrated for the first time that dietary supplementation with a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) promotes fecal Pb excretion and reduces Pb accumulation in the blood and tissues of mice. The effects against Pb exposure were also observed in mice that received the fecal microbiota from donors treated with GOS, but were diminished in gut microbiota-depleted mice that received antibiotic pre-treatment, indicating that the protection by GOS administration was dependent on the modulation of the gut microbiota. We also provide evidence that the protective mechanism of GOS supplementation was related to the enhanced abundance of intestinal bacteria with good Pb-binding ability, recovery of the gut barrier function, modulation of bile acid metabolism, and improved essential metal utilization. These results indicate that GOS can be considered a potentially protective prebiotic against Pb toxicity.
Quadratic forms in natural images (2003)

Several studies have succeeded in correlating natural image statistics with receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex. If we determine the parameters of linear transformations that make their output values as independent as possible when input data are natural images, we obtain parameter values that correspond to simple cell characteristics. It was also proved that, by making output values as temporally coherent as possible, simple cell characteristics also emerge. However, complex cell properties have not been fully explained by previous studies of natural image statistics. In this study, we examine whether we could reproduce complex cell properties by determining the parameters of two-layer networks that make their outputs as independent and sparse as possible or as temporally coherent as possible. Input-output functions of two-layer networks correspond to quadratic forms and they form a class of functions that includes complex cell responses and many other functions. Therefore, we employed two-layer networks as a framework for discussing complex cell properties as in previous studies. By maximizing the independence and sparseness of output values of two-layer networks without considering the temporal structure of input images, squared responses of simple cells are obtained and complex cell properties are not reproduced. On the other hand, by maximizing the temporal coherence of output, we obtain complex cell properties among other kinds of input-output functions. In previous studies, the measure of temporal coherence was the squared difference between the responses to two consecutive input images. We obtain two-layer networks that minimize this measure and show that some of them exhibit properties of complex cells but not clearly. We propose the sparseness of difference between responses to two consecutive inputs as an alternative measure of temporal coherence. We formulate an algorithm to maximize the sparseness of difference and show that complex cell properties emerge more clearly.
Modeling of RF heating due to metal implants in MRI (2003)

Metal implants, even if non-ferromagnetic, may couple with the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cause a heating hazard. With the development of MRI as a tool for image-guided surgery, metal devices (e.g. guidewires) are being used in patients during MRI scans. This paper reviews the electromagnetic and bioheat transfer methods we have used to evaluate the safety of metal devices in MRI with respect to RF heating. We recommend updated regulatory guidelines to deal with the highly localized heating encountered with metal implants. We also recommend the use of the safety index as a useful measure of the RF safety of a device.
Solution and cost analysis of general multi-channel and multi-stage filtering circuits (2002)

The fractional Fourier domain multi-channel and multi-stage filtering configurations that have been previously proposed enable us to obtain either exact realizations or useful approximations of linear systems or matrix-vector products in many different applications. We discuss the solution and cost analysis for these configurations. It is shown that the problem can be reduced to a least squares problem which can be solved with fast iterative techniques.
Elligator : elliptic-curve points indistinguishable from uniform random strings (2013)

Censorship-circumvention tools are in an arms race against censors. The censors study all traffic passing into and out of their controlled sphere, and try to disable censorship-circumvention tools without completely shutting down the Internet. Tools aim to shape their traffic patterns to match unblocked programs, so that simple traffic profiling cannot identify the tools within a reasonable number of traces; the censors respond by deploying rewalls with increasingly sophisticated deep-packet inspection.\nCryptography hides patterns in user data but does not evade censorship if the censor can recognize patterns in the cryptography itself. In particular, elliptic-curve cryptography often transmits points on known elliptic curves, and those points are easily distinguishable from uniform random strings of bits.\nThis paper introduces high-security high-speed elliptic-curve systems in which elliptic-curve points are encoded so as to be indistinguishable from uniform random strings. At a lower level, this paper introduces a new bijection between strings and about half of all curve points; this bijection is applicable to every odd-characteristic elliptic curve with a point of order 2, except for curves of j-invariant 1728. This paper also presents guidelines to construct, and two examples of, secure curves suitable for these encodings.