gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Particulates in a Diesel Exhaust (1967)

Abstract The particulate phase of emissions from a single-cylinder, four-cycle diesel engine was sampled 4 inches from the exhaust valve by a variety of methods, including oscillating thermal precipitator and membrane filter. The engine was operated and studied at three conditions: idle speed, no load, moderate temperature; intermediate speed, no load, high temperature; and half load, resultant speed and temperature. The particulates were studied to determine their particle size distribution, specific surface, chemical composition, and acidity. Results are expressed in terms of emission per cubic centimeter of fuel and per cubic meter of exhaust. Representative results are particles in the size range 10 to 500 mn projected area diameter and emission concentrations of 50 mg/ms, 10T particles/cm3, and 2 square meters of particle surface area per cubic meter of exhaust. Experimental methods and results are discussed in detail.
Wafer-bonded thin-film surface-roughened light-emitting diodes (2003)

We propose a new process for thin-film surface-textured LEDs that provides uniform current injection for both top and bottom contacts. The structure uses a partially conductive mirror. This eliminates the need for thick epitaxial layers and makes it possible to fabricate very large LEDs. Furthermore, the new process allows to obtain both high external quantum efficiency and high wallplug efficiency. 400 x 400 μm GaInP/AlGaInP LEDs reach maximum external quantum efficiencies of 35% at 12 mA without encapsulation. The wallplug efficiency reaches 34% at 2.6 mA. At an operating current of 60 mA, the devices emit 30 mW of light.
Characterizing optical properties in fibrous tissues (2011)

Chathuri Daluwatte, Xiaofei Fan, and Randima Dinalankara, was instrumental in broadening my horizons and making
Barriers to Care and Service Satisfaction Following Homicide Loss: Associations With Mental Health Outcomes (2014)

Homicide survivors are at increased risk for mental health problems, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and complicated grief. Therefore, improving access to community and mental health resources is critical for this population. The atuhors sought to examine barriers to accessing services and service satisfaction among 47 homicide survivors. Over half of the sample met criteria for a mental disorder, with depression being the most prevalent problem. Frequently endorsed barriers to care included financial barriers, inadequate information, and health-related problems. However, participants who engaged in services were generally satisfied with those services. Only depression was uniquely associated with worse overall service satisfaction.
Modulation of the Thermosensing Profile of the Aspartate Receptor Tar by Covalent Modification of Its Methyl-accepting Sites (1996)

The Escherichia coli aspartate receptor Tar is involved in the thermotactic response. We have studied how its thermosensing function is affected by the modification of the four methyl-accepting residues (Gln295, Glu302, Gln309, and Glu491), which play essential roles in adaptation. We found that the primary translational product of tar mediates a chemoresponse, but not a thermoresponse, and that Tar comes to function as a thermoreceptor, once Gln295 or Gln309 is deamidated. This is the first identification of a thermosensing-specific mutant form, suggesting that the methylation sites of Tar constitute at least a part of the region required for thermoreception, signaling, or both. We have also investigated the inverted thermoresponse mediated by Tar in the presence of aspartate. We found that, whereas the deamidated-and-unmethylated form functions as a warm receptor, eliciting a smooth-swimming signal upon increase of temperature, the heavily methylated form functions as a cold receptor, eliciting a smooth-swimming signal upon decrease of temperature. Thus, it is suggested that Tar exists in at least three distinct states, each of which allows it to function as a warm, cold, or null thermoreceptor, depending on the modification patterns of its methylation sites.
Cold metal transfer (CMT) welding of thin sheet metal products; pp. 243–250 (2012)

For welding of conventional structural steels semiautomatic technologies (MIG, MAG) are widely used, whereas for welding of Al-alloys and stainless steels the TIG welding method is the most common. The current study concentrates on welding of thin sheet metal products from stainless steel and aluminium by using a novel cold metal transfer (CMT) process. The CMT technology is an alternative to TIG, providing advantages, such as reduction of distortions and increased productivity. This is mainly due to low heat input, achieved by controlled movement of the electrode. In order to realize these advantages, optimization of the CMT welding process is essential. The aim of this study was the optimization of the process using the existing welding equipment (robot, manipulator, etc) and validation of the CMT process. The limiting factors for the increase of the productivity are the reduction of quality (increase of porosity, distortions and inacceptable shape of the welding bed). As a result, practical recommendations are given for the implementation of the CMT technology for robotic welding.
Efficient Monolithic ZnO/Si Sezawa Wave Convolver (1982)

Small and efficient monolithic convolver is useful for various signal processings. Monolithic ZnO/Si Sezawa wave convolver has an advantage that the efficiency is higher than that of elastic convolver. According to the new design theory developed here, it is clarified that both pairs of crystal cuts and SAW propagation directions, (100) LO111 and (110) [OOll in Si, are better than (100) [OOll which is conventionally used for the ZnO/Si convolver. An equivalent transmission line circuit model including propagation loss is developed. The calculated bilinear convolution characteristics well agree with the experimental results. The terminal bilinear efficiency F =-32 dBm which is the highest value previously reported in this structure and dynamic range of 75 dB are obtained at the frequency of 220 MHz in the [OOll direction on (110) cut Si substrate. Also the convolver with F =-43.1 dBm, the BT product of 102 is obtained in The ZnO/ Si (100) [Olll system. T
SRA: Description of the IE2 System Used for MUC-7 (1998)

Residents spend less time in all aspects of admitting hold-over patients. Despite less time spent admitting hold-over patients, residents had neutral views on the educational value of such admissions.
Reliability and maintainability related software coupling metrics in C++ programs (2003)

A description is given of some difficulties that one encounters in the testing and maintenance of C++ programs, which may result in program unreliability. Inheritance and polymorphism are key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP), and are essential for achieving reusability and extendibility, but they also make programs more difficult to understand. The authors show by arguments and by some empirical evidence that widely used complexity metrics like lines of code, cyclomatic complexity, and Software Science's metrics may not be appropriate to measure the complexity of C++ programs and those written in other object-oriented languages, since they do not address concepts like inheritance and encapsulation, apart from having other weaknesses. Some measures using a notion from the world of functional decomposition-coupling, are defined for C++ programs. Two of them-CC and AMC-and equivalent ones for the three widely used complexity metrics (for comparison) are computed for five C++ programs. Preliminary results show that the coupling measures correlate better with difficulty of testing and maintenance than the three widely used complexity metrics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease (2013)

Swine Dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorhagic enteric disease of pigs caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which has a large impact on pig production and causes important losses due to mortality and sub-optimal performance. Although B. hyodysenteriae has been traditionally considered a pathogen mainly transmitted by direct contact, through the introduction of subclinically infected animals into a previously uninfected herd, recent findings position B. hyodysenteriae as a potential threat for indirect transmission between farms. This article summarizes the knowledge available on the etiological agent of SD and its virulence traits, and reviews the determinants of SD transmission. The between-herds and within-herd transmission routes are addressed. The factors affecting disease transmission are thoroughly discussed, i.e., environmental survival of the pathogen, husbandry factors (production system, production stage, farm management), role of vectors, diet influence and interaction of the microorganism with gut microbiota. Finally, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to fight against the disease are briefly described.
Effect of the on/off Cycling Modulation Time Ratio of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/SF<sub>6</sub> Flows on the Formation of Geometrically Controlled Carbon Coils (2012)

Carbon coils could be synthesized using C 2 H 2 /H 2 as source gases and SF 6 as an incorporated additive gas under thermal chemical vapor deposition system. Nickel catalyst layer deposition and then hydrogen plasma pretreatment were performed prior to the carbon coils deposition reaction. To obtain the geometrically controlled carbon coils, the cycling on/off modulation process for C 2 H 2 /SF 6 flows was introduced during the initial reaction. According to the different reaction processes, the different cycling on/off ratio and the different cycling numbers for C 2 H 2 /SF 6 flows were carried out. The characteristics (formation density, morphology, and geometry) of the deposited carbon coils on the substrate were investigated. Microsized coils as well as nanosized coils could be existed under the higher growing/etching time ratio (180/30 s) condition. On the other hand, the formation of nanosized coils could be mainly observed under the lower growing/etching time ratio (30/180 s) condition. With increasing the numbers of cycles, the diameters of carbon nanofilaments composed the coils decreased. The enhanced etching ability by the fluorine species was considered the main cause to control the geometry of carbon coils according to the growing/etching time ratio of the cycling on/off modulation process for C 2 H 2 /SF 6 flows.
Characterisation of cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by the topoisomerase II-directed bisdioxopiperazine anti-cancer agent ICRF-187 (dexrazoxane) in yeast and mammalian cells (2004)

Our results point to important differences in the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by bisdioxopiperazines and topoisomerase II poisons, and suggest that bisdioxopiperazines kill cells by a combination of DNA break-related and DNA break-unrelated mechanisms.
Gelsolin expression is necessary for the development of modelled pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis (2009)

Gelsolin expression is necessary for the development of modelled pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, while the caspase-3-mediated gelsolin fragmentation was shown to be an apoptotic effector mechanism in disease pathogenesis and a marker of lung injury.
Large electrostriction near the solubility limit in BaTiO3–CaTiO3 ceramics (2005)

This study prepared (1−x)BaTiO3–xCaTiO3 (x=0.20–1.0) ceramics. Their structural and electric properties were analyzed. High electrostrictive strain of 0.22%, higher by 157% as compared to BaTiO3 ceramic, was obtained near the solubility limit in the side of composite (x=0.23), which is a diphasic ceramic composed of a ferroelectric tetragonal Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3 solid solution and a normal dielectric orthorhombic Ba0.07Ca0.93TiO3 solid solution. This enhanced electrostriction resulted from the coupling of the large ionic polarization in Ba0.07Ca0.93TiO3 with the non-180° domains in Ba0.8Ca0.2TiO3 during the external electric field exertion.
Least squares arrival time estimators for photons detected using a photomultiplier tube (1992)

The optimal arrival time estimators for single and multiple photons arriving at the surface of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) are developed. The optimal timing estimator considered is a weighted nonlinear least squares estimate of the detection time for a high-gain PMT with Gaussian statistics. The least squares estimator is constructed using the mean and covariance function of the photomultiplier output for different arrival times. The root-mean-square error for the least squares arrival time estimator was calculated and is compared with the performance of other common timing estimators, including the first photoelectron timing estimators, using a Burle/RCA 8850 PMT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Strategy for Dimensional Percolation in Sheared Nanorod Dispersions (2007)

Dimensional percolation thresholds of sheared nanorod dispersions are characterized with a novel 3-part numerical strategy. Nanorod probability distribution functions (PDFs) are computed versus shear rate and volume fraction, including rotational diffusion and excluded-volume interactions. A Monte Carlo algorithm draws from each PDF to populate physical shear- processed monodomains. A data-mining algorithm yields nanoparticle percolation statistics in all directions relative to the flow (x), flow-gradient (y), and vorticity (z) axes.
SocialRank: Social network influence ranking method (2012)

The influence of an individual in the social network is a both subjective and objective matter, which depends on the quality of his web pages and the altitudes of the others. But there is still much that can be said objectively about the relative influence of every individual in the social network. This paper describes SocialRank, a method for measuring the influence of an individual objectively and mechanically using his attributes and the relations between him and the others. We give the compartments of SocialRank to basic attributes and PageRank. We show how accurately SocialRank access relative influence.
Stimulation and desensitization of the hypothalamic heat‐sensitive structures by capsaicin in rats (1970)

1. In rats the injection of capsaicin into the pre-optic area of the anterior hypothalamus produces a prompt fall in body temperature and abolishes shivering. With repeated injections of capsaicin the hypothermic effect gradually diminishes and finally vanishes (local desensitization).2. Rats desensitized by hypothalamic injections exhibit a behaviour similar to rats pre-treated parenterally with capsaicin: put in a heat box at 37-39 degrees C they lose their ability to regulate against overheating of their bodies and respond with an enhanced hyperthermia to strong sensory stimuli such as repeated pinching of the tail.3. Parenteral desensitization strongly inhibits the effect of capsaicin given into the hypothalamus. On the other hand in intrahypothalamically desensitized rats the hypothermic response to subcutaneously given capsaicin is also reduced.4. The hypothermic response to local heating of the anterior hypothalamus by diathermy (from 1 to 4 degrees C above the initial temperature) was markedly reduced or even abolished in rats pre-treated parenterally with large doses of capsaicin.5. It is concluded that the hypothalamic warmth detectors are stimulated and subsequently desensitized by capsaicin. Thus, in the thermoregulatory disturbances caused by capsaicin the impairment of the hypothalamic warmth detectors plays an important role.6. Capsaicin is proposed as a tool in studying the function of the hypothalamic warmth detectors.
Electrical and magnetic properties of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films (2000)

Highly conductive perovskite La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films were grown on (012) LaAlO3 by pulsed-laser deposition at different substrate temperatures. Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements show only a negative effect for the films grown at a temperature of 800 °C. However, a positive MR effect was found for the films grown at lower temperatures of 400 and 500 °C. The sign of the magnetoresistance changed from positive to negative near 150 K under an applied magnetic field of 5.0 T, and the largest positive MR of 2.6% was obtained at a temperature of 4.2 K for the film grown at 500 °C. Low-temperature magnetic hysteresis of the films was also studied, and it is suggested that the scattering of the carrier at the domain boundary may lead to the positive-MR effect.
The role control center (2003)

Role-based Access Control (RBAC) models have been implemented not only in self-contained resource management products such as DBMSs and Operating Systems but also in a class of products called Enterprise Security Management Systems (ESMS). ESMS products are used for centralized management of authorizations for resources resident in several heterogeneous systems (called target systems) distributed throughout the enterprise. The RBAC model used in an ESMS is called the Enterprise RBAC model (ERBAC). An ERBAC model can be used to specify not only sophisticated access requirements centrally for resources resident in several target systems, but also administrative data required to map those defined access requirements to the access control structures native to the target platforms. However, the ERBAC model (i.e., the RBAC implementation) supported in many commercial ESMS products has not taken full advantage of policy specification capabilities of RBAC. In this paper we describe an implementation of ESMS called the 'Role Control Center' (RCC) that supports an ERBAC model that includes features such as general role hierarchy, static separation of duty constraints, and an advanced permission review facility (as defined in NIST's proposed RBAC standard). We outline the various modules in the RCC architecture and describe how they collectively provide support for authorization administration tasks at the enterprise and target-system levels.
Imaging of repeated episodes of demyelination and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2014)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the formation of demyelinating lesions in the white matter (WM). However, the timecourse of the evolution of healthy white matter into fully demyelinated lesions in MS is not well understood. We use a recently proposed technique to examine magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) timecourses in lesions segmented from MTR images in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). In both groups we found MTR lesions forming both in previously normal appearing WM (de novo lesions) as well as in previously lesional tissue that appears to be experiencing a second round of inflammatory demyelination (repeat lesions). Both de novo and repeat lesions exhibited significant, but incomplete MTR recovery, suggesting partial remyelination; post-lesion MTR values in de novo lesions were similar to pre-lesion values in repeat lesions. Both de novo and repeat lesions were found in subjects in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive stages of MS, and repeat lesions appeared relatively more common in the secondary progressive phase. These observations support the hypothesis that entirely demyelinated lesions found on histopathology are the result of multiple episodes of demyelination and incomplete remyelination, and may have implications for MS treatment development efforts aimed at neuroprotection and enhancing remyelination.
Thermally irreversible photochromic systems. A theoretical study (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermally irreversible photochromic systems. A theoretical studyShinichiro Nakamura and Masahiro IrieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 26, 6136–6138Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00261a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00261a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2204Altmetric-Citations289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Australian migrants’ social cultural adaptation and consumption behaviour towards food and alcohol (2018)

Abstract Australia is one of the most successful multicultural countries in the world due to successive waves of migration from Europe and recently Asia. Nonetheless, new migrants coming to Australia are not always able to adapt to Australian culture due to language and cultural barriers. Hence, the purpose of this study is to segment migrants based on their cultural adaptation and subsequently to examine similarities and differences between those segments in regards to their health‐related behaviour (i.e., alcohol and food consumption). A cross‐sectional study of migrants in Australia ( N = 408) suggests that migrants from Asia have the greatest difficulty in adapting to the local culture due to language barriers. This study will assist public policy makers and social marketers in creating effective campaigns and interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and obesity among migrants.
Distributed management of virtual cluster infrastructures (2009)

Cloud services that provide virtualized computational clusters present a dichotomy of systems management challenges, as the virtual clusters may be owned and administered by one entity, while the underlying physical fabric may belong to a different entity. On the physical fabric, scalable tools that ldquopushrdquo configuration changes and software updates to the compute nodes are effective, since the physical system administrators have complete system access. However, virtual clusters executing atop federated Grid sites may not be directly reachable for management purposes, as network or policy limitations may prevent unsolicited connections to virtual compute nodes. For these systems, a distributed middleware solution could permit the compute nodes to ldquopullrdquo updates from a centralized server, thereby permitting the management of virtual compute nodes that are inaccessible to the system administrator. This paper compares both models of system administration and describes emerging software utilities for managing both the physical fabric and the virtual clusters.
A tunable dual-band DGS stub tapped branch-line coupler (2010)

A tunable microstrip dual-band branch-line coupler using defected ground structure (DGS) stub tapped branch line is presented in this paper. Tuning the geometrical parameters of the DGS, both characteristic impedance and electrical length of an open stub can be controlled. To verify the frequency agility, a prototype dual-band coupler operated at 0.8 GHz and 1.9 GHz with 100 MHz frequency tuning range is fabricated and measured. In the frequency tuning range, the overall small phase and amplitude errors are also observed respectively.