gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic reactions of methionine sulfoximine. Conversion to the corresponding alpha-imino and alpha-keto acids and to alpha-ketobutyrate and methane sulfinimide. (1976)

L-Methionine sulfoximine is a substrate of L-amino acid oxidase (Crotalus adamanteus), glutamine transaminase, and gamma-cystathionase. In the reaction catalyzed by L-amino acid oxidase, methionine sulfoximine is converted to aplph-imino-gamma-methylsulfoximinylbutyrate, which undergoes rapid gamma elimination yielding methane sulfinimide and 2-imino-3-butenoic acid. Methane sulfinimide is converted to methane sulfonamide, methane sulfinic acid, and methane sulfonic acid; 2-imino-3-butenoic acid is hydrolyzed to vinylglyoxylate, which polymerizes to an insoluble product. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of semicarbazide, the imine formed initially is quantitatively trapped as alpha-keto-gamma-methylsulfoximinylbutyrate semicarbazone, from which the free alpha-keto acid may be obtained. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of a mercaptan (RSH), a gamma exchange reaction occurs leading to formation of a new alpha-keto acid substituted in the gamma position by an SR-group; thus, alpha-keto-gamma-(beta-hydroxyethiol)butyric acid (S-(hydroxyethyl)-2-keto-4-mercaptobutyric acid) was obtained when L-methionine sulfoximine was oxidized in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, and enzymatic transamination of this alpha-keto acid with L-glutamine gave the new amino acid, L-omega-hydroxyethionine. The reaction of L-methionine sulfoximine with gamma-cystathionase yields 1 mol each of alpha-ketobutyrate and methane sulfinimide; the latter is hydrolyzed almost exclusively to methane sulfinic acid. Transamination of L-methionine sulfoximine yields the corresponding alpha-keto acid (alpha-keto-gamma-methylsulfoximinylbutyrate), which is stable. Some of these reactions may occur in vivo, and thus contribute to the toxicity of L-methionine sulfoximine.
Thyrotropin Isoforms: Implications for Thyrotropin Analysis and Clinical Practice (2013)

Serum thyrotropin (TSH) is considered the single most sensitive and specific measure of thyroid function in the general population owing to its negative logarithmic association with free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine concentrations. It is therefore often the test of choice for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of primary hypothyroidism. Serum TSH concentrations can be analyzed quantitatively using third-generation immunoassays, whereas its bioactivity can be measured by TSH activity assays in cell culture. Theoretically, if serum TSH concentrations are directly related to TSH activity, the two tests should yield comparable results. However, on occasion, the results are discordant, with serum concentrations being higher than TSH biological activity. This review focuses on the dissociation between the clinical state and serum TSH concentrations and addresses clinically important aspects of TSH analysis.
Usefulness of a Novel Ultrasound Transducer for Continuous Monitoring Treadmill Exercise Echocardiography to Assess Coronary Artery Disease (2006)

Continuous monitoring treadmill exercise Echo using a novel ultrasound probe seems feasible for the non-invasive and physiological assessment of CAD.
Secondary structure of eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5S ribosomal RNA. (1981)

A five-helix secondary structural model is proposed for eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5S rRNA. All available sequence data are consistent with this model including those from Chlorella 5S rRNA whose sequence is revised by data included here. Various architectural features of eukaryotic 5S rRNA are summarized in terms of this secondary structural model. It is observed that previous failures to identify universal models for 5S rRNA secondary structure stem from significant differences in architecture between eukaryotic cytoplasmic and eubacterial 5S rRNAs. The usual four-helix model for eubacterial 5S rRNA secondary structure nevertheless does share several structural features with the five-helix model presented here for cytoplasmic 5S rRNA. It is thus likely that these two classes of 5S rRNA are the result of evolutionary divergence rather than convergence.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the antigen‐processing‐defective RMA‐S tumor cell line (1992)

RMA-S is an antigen processing-defective cell line, obtained from a Rauscher virus-induced tumor. The cells express only a low level of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are supposed to be devoid of internally derived antigenic peptides. We investigated Rauscher virus expression and Rauscher peptide presentation to virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by this cell line. Viral proteins are expressed properly, both intracellularly and at the cell surface of RMA-S. Rauscher peptides are presented to virus-specific CTL in the groove of both the class I H-2Kb and Db molecules, but at a low level. Culture of RMA-S cells at room temperature increases their susceptibility to CTL. The RMA-S defect thus affects, but not totally abrogates, Rauscher peptide presentation by MHC class I molecules via the endogenous pathway. This indicates that the RMA-S antigen processing deficit is not absolute.
A flexible sampling-rate conversion method (2005)

A digital resampling method is proposed which allows non-uniform and time-varying resampling. The method is based on interpolated look-up in a large table of filter coefficients. One filter table handles all conversion factors. Formulas are given for determining the size of look-up table needed for a given precision requirement.
High power LED thermal performance test analysis and its research methods (2011)

High-power LED thermal resistance characteristics, the overall temperature distribution and using heat dissipation method all have significant impacts on the reliability of the LED work but there is no effective measuring method in production practice. In this paper, we use infrared thermal imaging technology to get 1W high power LED transient thermal field map. Through visual means, we can clearly observe the overall high power LED thermal field distribution. Accordingly, the impact of the overall temperature distribution of LED on its thermal design and reliability will be discussed. At the same time, it also proves that the infrared thermal imaging technology can be used as an effective means of high-power LED thermal testing and analysis.
Scanning electron microscopy of blend of konjac mannan and hydroxypropyl cellulose. (1992)

The blend gels of konjac mannan and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were prepared. The solid films were prepared from the blend gels by three kinds of processes. The textures of the films were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The textures depended on the process and konjac mannan seemed to have an affinity to HPC.
Conformal mapping of some non-harmonic functions in transport theory (2004)

Conformal mapping has been applied mostly to harmonic functions, i.e. solutions of Laplace's equation. In this paper, it is noted that some other equations are also conformally invariant and thus equally well suited for conformal mapping in two dimensions. In physics, these include steady states of various nonlinear diffusion equations, the advection-diffusion equations for potential flows, and the Nernst-Planck equations for bulk electrochemical transport. Exact solutions for complicated geometries are obtained by conformal mapping to simple geometries in the usual way. Novel examples include nonlinear advection-diffusion layers around absorbing objects and concentration polarizations in electrochemical cells. Although some of these results could be obtained by other methods, such as Boussinesq's streamline coordinates, the present approach is based on a simple unifying principle of more general applicability. It reveals a basic geometrical equivalence of similarity solutions for a broad class of transport processes and paves the way for new applications of conformal mapping, e.g. to non-Laplacian fractal growth.
Release of Mast-Cell Mediators and Alterations in Lung Function in Patients with Cholinergic Urticaria (1980)

Cholinergic urticaria was elicited in seven subjects by experimental challenge that consisted of running on a treadmill in a plastic occlusive suit. A sensation of generalized warmth of the skin was followed by pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and transient respiratory-tract symptoms consisting of shortness of breath or wheezing or both. Statistically significant falls in one-second forced-expiratory volumes (FEV1), maximal midexpiratory flow rates (MMF), and specific conductance (SGaw) and a rise in residual volume were detected. The serum histamine concentration rose, with an augmentation of eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities. Gel-filtration chromatography showed that the eosinophil chemotactic activity consisted of at least two principles. The chemotactic activities are similar in magnitude to those recognized in other skin disorders dependent on mast cells. These observations extend to the lungs the manifestations of a condition previously thought to be restricted to the skin.
ISO-1 Binding to the Tautomerase Active Site of MIF Inhibits Its Pro-inflammatory Activity and Increases Survival in Severe Sepsis (2005)

MIF is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis, arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases. Antibodies against MIF are effective in experimental models of inflammation, and there is interest in strategies to inhibit its deleterious cytokine activities. Here we identify a mechanism of inhibiting MIF pro-inflammatory activities by targeting MIF tautomerase activity. We designed small molecules to inhibit this tautomerase activity; a lead molecule, "ISO-1 ((S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester)," significantly inhibits the cytokine activity in vitro. Moreover, ISO-1 inhibits tumor necrosis factor release from macrophages isolated from LPStreated wild type mice but has no effect on cytokine release from MIFdeficient macrophages. The therapeutic importance of the MIF inhibition by ISO-1 is demonstrated by the significant protection from sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture in a clinically relevant time frame. These results identify ISO-1 as the first small molecule inhibitor of MIF proinflammatory activities with therapeutic implications and indicate the potential of the MIF active site as a novel target for therapeutic interventions in human sepsis.
Total Synthesis of HUN-7293 (1999)

The first total synthesis of the cyclic heptadepsipeptide HUN-7293 (1), a potent inhibitor of cell adhesion molecule expression exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, is detailed. The most effective approach relied on an unusually efficient macrocyclization with the formation of the MLEU3−LEU4 secondary amide that potentially benefits from intramolecular H-bonding preorganization of the acyclic substrate. The requisite linear depsipeptide was convergently assembled with the late stage introduction of the linking ester enlisting a Mitsunobu esterification that occurs with inversion of the DGCN α-center permitting the utilization of a readily available l-amino acid precursor to the d α-hydroxy carboxylic acid residue. An alternative and similarly attractive approach of direct macrolactonization of a substrate necessarily incorporating a d-DGCN subunit proved viable albeit less effective. Biological evaluation in cellular assays for vascular adhesion molecule expression confirmed that synthetic HUN-7923 (1) is essentially indistinguishable from the naturally occurring cyclodepsipeptide.
Investigation of Thermal Characteristics of Nanofluids During Flow in a Micro-channel Using an Array of Surface Temperature-Nano-Sensors (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The thermal characteristic of nanofluid for flow in a micro-channel is reported in this study by using an array of temperature nano-sensors. In this study, K-Type Thermocouples (Chromel/Alumel) were fabricated by surface micromachining process on a silicon wafer to obtain the thin film thermocouple array (TFTA). The micro-channel with TFTA was mounted on a heater (calorimeter) for imposing a specified heat flux on the bottom surface of the micro-channel. De-ionized water (DIW) was used as the test fluid for recording the temperature profile on the wafer substrate at different flow rates and heat fluxes. Aqueous nanofluids containing alumina nanoparticles were then used to record the temperature profiles under similar heat flux and flow conditions. The temperature profile was measured with the TFTA in a linear array of 5 columns and 2 rows of sensors while the volume flow rate was varied from 5 μl/min, to 7 μl/min and to 9 μl/min. Degradation in the thermal characteristics of the nanofluid in micro-channel heat transfer was observed experimentally when the temperature exceeded a critical value. This can be explained to be due to surface fouling caused by excessive precipitation of nanoparticles.</div></div>
Virus Induced Lymphocytes (VIL) as a novel viral antigen-specific T cell therapy for COVID-19 and potential future pandemics (2021)

The a priori T cell repertoire and immune response against SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens may explain the varying clinical course and prognosis of patients having a mild COVID-19 infection as opposed to those developing more fulminant multisystem organ failure and associated mortality. Using a novel SARS-Cov-2-specific artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC), coupled with a rapid expansion protocol (REP) as practiced in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy, we generate an immune catalytic quantity of Virus Induced Lymphocytes (VIL). Using T cell receptor (TCR)-specific aAPCs carrying co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 peptide-pentamer complexes, we expand virus-specific VIL derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of convalescent COVID-19 patients up to 1000-fold. This is achieved in a clinically relevant 7-day vein-to-vein time-course as a potential adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for COVID-19. We also evaluate this approach for other viral pathogens using Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific VIL from donors as a control. Rapidly expanded VIL are enriched in virus antigen-specificity and show an activated, polyfunctional cytokine profile and T effector memory phenotype which may contribute to a robust immune response. Virus-specific T cells can also be delivered allogeneically via MHC-typing and patient human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matching to provide pragmatic treatment in a large-scale therapeutic setting. These data suggest that VIL may represent a novel therapeutic option that warrants further clinical investigation in the armamentarium against COVID-19 and other possible future pandemics.
Association of oviduct-specific glycoproteins with human and baboon (Papio anubis) ovarian oocytes and enhancement of human sperm binding to human hemizonae following in vitro incubation (1996)

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether or not human and baboon oviduct-specific glycoproteins (human OGP, baboon OGP) would associate with ovarian oocytes during in vitro incubation in a manner similar to that detected in vivo for oviductal oocytes and 2) to determine whether the association of OGP with ovarian oocytes influenced sperm binding. In vitro association of OGP with ovarian oocytes was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence assay using a polyclonal antibody prepared against human or baboon OGP. Human and baboon ovarian oocytes incubated in culture media containing OGP showed association of OGP with the zona pellucida (ZP) as detected by bright fluorescence. A similar pattern of fluorescence was observed in baboon oviductal oocytes (positive control). No fluorescence of the ZP was detected from ovarian oocytes incubated with culture medium alone. The pattern of fluorescence for ovarian oocytes incubated with OGP and serum albumin, the major oviductal fluid protein, was similar to that for oocytes incubated with OGP alone. A modified hemizona assay was used to assess whether association of human OGP with human ovarian oocytes influenced sperm binding. The number of sperm bound to hemizonae in the presence of human OGP was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the number bound to hemizonae in the control culture medium. Addition of antibodies specific for human OGP to the incubation medium 1 h prior to addition of gametes blocked the enhancement of sperm binding seen in the presence of human OGP alone. Finally, human hemizona assays conducted in the presence of baboon OGP resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the number of sperm bound per zona compared with that in culture medium alone despite high homology between human and baboon OGP. These results 1) suggest that human OGP associates with ovulated oocytes in vivo; 2) support the hypothesis that association of OGP with the ZP may play a role in fertilization, possibly through enhancing the binding of sperm to the ZP within the oviduct; and 3) suggest that a homologous system (i.e., gametes and oviductal glycoprotein from the same species) is necessary for study of the function of oviductal glycoproteins.
Implication of Alpha-Synuclein Phosphorylation at S129 in Synucleinopathies: What Have We Learned in the Last Decade? (2016)

Abnormal accumulation of proteinaceous intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies (LBs) is the neurpathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. These inclusions are mainly constituted of a presynaptic protein, α-synuclein (α-syn). Over the past decade, growing amounts of studies reported an aberrant accumulation of phosphorylated α-syn at the residue S129 (pS129) in the brain of patients suffering from PD, as well as in transgenic animal models of synucleinopathies. Whereas only a small fraction of α-syn (<4%) is phosphorylated in healthy brains, a dramatic accumulation of pS129 (>90%) has been observed within LBs, suggesting that this post-translational modification may play an important role in the regulation of α-syn aggregation, LBs formation and neuronal degeneration. However, whether phosphorylation at S129 suppresses or enhances α-syn aggregation and toxicity in vivo remains a subject of active debate. The answer to this question has important implications for understanding the role of phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies and determining if targeting kinases or phosphatases could be a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these devastating neurological disorders. In the present review, we explore recent findings from in vitro, cell-based assays and in vivo studies describing the potential implications of pS129 in the regulation of α-syn physiological functions, as well as its implication in synucleinopathies pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Study and Application of Distribution Automatic System in the Yangjiaping Power Supply Bureau (2006)

The power distribution automatic system in the Yangjiaping Power Supply Bureau is a set of genuine power distribution information integration control system, consisting of several organic parts including power distribution network realtime monitoring, feeder automation (FA), power distribution geographic information system (GIS), power distribution flow management system, power distribution information WEB release system and so on. From the angle of the analysis of the structure of the power distribution automatic system, this article introduces the functions and features of the power distribution automatic system. The power distribution network real-time monitoring system has realized the remote real-time monitoring, operation and management of power distribution equipment within main urban zone range and especially played an important role in preventing management from maloperation. Feeder automation (FA) has realized complex power distribution and the functions such as fault detection, fault identification, fault automatic location and isolation, and fast recovery of power supply in non- fault area under multi-point different current statuses and complex network structure; has realized the remote modification fixed value function of power distribution terminal (FTU); power distribution geographic information system (GIS) has realized geographic map based "electronic power distribution network" as well as the communication with SCADA system; power distribution flow management system has realized the vitrification and process-enabling of the production and management of power distribution flow as well as the electronic transfer of power distribution drawings; power distribution information WEB system has realized the function of user's access of "digital network" via Intranet/Internet in any place at any time. The implementation of the power distribution automatic system has made the Power Supply Bureau realize the more accurate and effective management of 10 KV power distribution and finally radically improved the technological level of power distribution management and advanced the reliability of power supply and the quality of customer service.
March-April 2002 (2004)

Research Article| January 01, 2004 March-April 2002 Waverly J. Person; Waverly J. Person Editor U.S. Geological Survey Denver, CO 80225 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Pamela J. Benfield Pamela J. Benfield Editor U.S. Geological Survey Denver, CO 80225 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2004) 75 (1): 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.75.1.133 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Waverly J. Person, Pamela J. Benfield; March-April 2002. Seismological Research Letters 2004;; 75 (1): 133–138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.75.1.133 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search This report includes hypocenters for seismic events that occurred in January and February 2002 as published in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) Monthly Listing, U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Center (USGS NEIC). It is limited to three types of events: (1) earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater, (2) earthquakes causing substantial damage, and (3) events of special interest. Time is given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Latitude and longitude are given to hundredths of a degree of arc. Depths constrained to “normal” (33 km) or other assigned depths are indicated by “constrained.” Depths determined from depth... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
A "Greedy" Channel Router (1982)

We present a new, greedy, channel-router that is quick, simple, and highly effective. It always succeeds, usually using no more than one track more than required by channel density. (It may be forced in rare cases to make a few connections off the end of the channel, in order to succeed.) It assumes that all pins and wiring lie on a common grid, and that vertical wires are on one layer, horizontal on another. The router wires up the channel in a left-to-right, column-by-column manner, wiring each column completely before starting the next. Within each column the router tries to maximize the utility of the wiring produced, using simple, greedy heuristics. It may place a net on more than one track for a few columns, and collapse the net to a single track later on, using a vertical jog. It may also use a jog to move a net to a track closer to its pin in some future column. The router may occasionally add a new track to the channel, to avoid getting stuck.