gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz quantum-well photodetector (2004)

The design and projected performance of quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) for the terahertz (1–10 THz) or the very-far-infrared region are presented together with our initial demonstration of a GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP working at photon energies below the optical phonons. We point out the problem with this initial device, discuss possible causes, and suggest areas of improvement.
Epitaxial Bi_2Sr_2Co_2O_y thin films as a promising p-type transparent conducting oxides (2014)

National Natural Science foundation of China [51372064]; Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China [A2013201249, A2014201176, QN20131040]
Regulating I/O Performance of Shared Storage with a Control Theoretical Approach. (2004)

Shared storage has become commonplace with recent trends in storage technologies, such as storage consolidation and virtualization, etc. Meanwhile, storage QoS, which guarantees different storage service requirements from various applications toward shared storage, is gaining in importance. This paper proposes a new scheme which combines a feedback-controlled leaky bucket with a fair queuing algorithm in order to deliver guaranteed storage service for applications competing for shared storage. It not only assures an agreed-upon response time for each application, but also maximizes the aggregate I/O throughput by proportionating unused bandwidth to other active applications. Simulation results under various types of competing I/O workloads validate the features of the proposed scheme.
Surgical Strategy for Spinal Metastases (2001)

A new surgical strategy for spinal metastases based on the prognostic scoring system is proposed. This strategy provides appropriate guidelines for treatment in all patients with spinal metastases.
Life Saving App: Blood Donor Application for Android Mobile (2013)

In Cloud Computing Environment a Blood Donor Contact Manager Web Services (SaaS) allows you to maintain a list of contacts and their blood groups. There are numbers of online web based blood bank management system exists for communicating between department of blood centers and hospitals, to satisfy blood necessity, to buy, sale and stock the blood, to give information about this blood. Manual systems as compared to Computer Based Information Systems are time consuming, laborious, and costly. This project introduces the, BCloud Blood Donor Contact Manager Web Services allows you to maintain a free, easy-to- organize database of contacts and their blood groups. With this convenient—and potentially lifesaving--app, you can quickly check your Android device for someone with a certain blood type and contact them immediately. When someone's in need of a blood transfusion, time and accurate information are absolutely crucial. Blood Donor Contact Manager Web Services (SaaS) keeps all the basic information you need in one place, where you can easily look up a certain blood type and a donor's contact information. In case of a blood requirement, you can quickly check for contacts matching a particular blood group and reach out to them via Call/SMS through the Blood donor App. Blood Donor App provides list of donors in your city/area. Use this app in case of emergency.  The application is suited for use by both personal users and Hospitals/Blood Donor groups that wish to maintain a list of blood donors. If there's an emergency and you see potential blood donors on your list, you can contact them quickly via text message or phone call.
Photoresponsive polymers. 8. Reversible photostimulated dilation of polyacrylamide gels having triphenylmethane leuco derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoresponsive polymers. 8. Reversible photostimulated dilation of polyacrylamide gels having triphenylmethane leuco derivativesMasahiro Irie and Dawan KunwatchakunCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 10, 2476–2480Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00164a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1264Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Influence of low ambient temperature and dietary lipids on adipose tissue and plasma fatty acid composition of the Japanese quail. (1975)

Japanese quail were maintained on synthetic diets containing 15% corn oil, 15% tallow, and zero fat, and were later exposed at 3.5 degrees C for 21 days. A distinct influence of dietary fat composition upon the adipose tissue triglyceride fatty acid composition was detected, but no change in fatty acid composition was produced with cold exposure. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from quail acclimatized to winter temperatures showed no trend towards a greater degree of unsaturation. There was no evidence of a gross selective mobilization of certain fatty acids from the depot lipids. Regional variation in the fatty acid composition of avian fats is discussed with respect to the level of food intake and body temperature.
Soft-Tissue Expansion: Concepts and Complications (1984)

Soft-tissue expansion complements existing reconstructive techniques and provides new vistas for the plastic surgeon. The technique finds use for overcoming a shortage of tissue, for obtaining skin with special desirable qualities, for creation of flaps otherwise not possible because of the resultant donor site or limited vascularity, for creation of flaps with functioning muscle and overlying soft tissue, and for minimizing flap donor-site problems. Careful planning should include patient counseling, optimum incision placement, and time for a leisurely, complete expansion. The surgery can often be performed under local anesthesia and expansion is tolerated well. Patients should be counseled that the incidence of major complications in an unselected series is 1 in 4 patients. Major complications, however, typically result in a delay in reconstruction and not tissue loss.
The Effects of the Social Support Network on the Psychological Well-Being of the Rural Elderly in Korea (2003)

As the proportion of the elderly population in rural area is growing rapidly, the quality of life of the rural elderly is becoming a major concern. According to Rowe and Kahn(1997), active and productive engagement in society is a central component of successful aging. Yet, the effect of various social support network on psychological well-being of the rural elderly is not well known. This study is an attempt to empirically examine the connection between social support network and psychological well-being of the rural elderly. For this purpose, community welfare specialists gathered data from 1033 rural elderly in 32 villages, using structured questionnaires. The statistical methods used for the data analysis were descriptive statistics, cross tables, ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis using spss wins 10.0 program. The major findings of this study are as follows: The majority of rural elderly have social support networks composed of more than one person and the mean number of their social support network was ten persons. The elderly who keep frequent contact with many adult children and friend/neighbor are happier than the elderly who keep contact with fewer number of children and friends. The size of the network of relatives significantly affects the level of loneliness of the elderly. Theoretical and practical implications of this study for the improvement of the quality of life of the rural elderly is discussed.
Primer binding sites corresponding to several tRNA species are present in DNAs of different members of the same retrovirus-like gene family (VL30) (1985)

We analyzed the putative tRNA primer binding site (PBS) present in several cloned copies of the murine retrovirus-like VL30 family. In the five VL30 DNA clones analyzed, we identified PBS sequences corresponding to three different tRNA species: tRNAPro, tRNAGly, and tRNAGln. The latter two PBS sequences have not been previously encountered in other retroviral or retrovirus-like systems. A unique situation was observed in which PBS sequences complementary to two different tRNA species were flanked by otherwise identical VL30 sequences. In addition, we demonstrated the use of PBS-specific synthetic oligonucleotides for the identification of the tRNA primer and their potential utility in the direct cloning of PBS-containing DNA elements.
A New Methodology for the Synthesis of Fluorinated <i>exo</i>‐Glycals and Their Time‐Dependent Inhibition of UDP‐Galactopyranose Mutase (2006)

Fluorinated carbohydrates constitute a very important class of mechanistic probes for glycosyl-processing enzymes. In this study, we describe the first synthesis of fluorinated and phosphonylated exo-glycals and their corresponding nucleotide sugars in the galactofuranose series. The synthetic protocol that we have developed is a Selectfluor-mediated fluorination/elimination sequence on phosphonylated exo-glycals, and it offers a new entry into fluorinated carbohydrate chemistry. The challenging E/Z stereochemical assignment of the resulting tetrasubstituted alkenes, which bear an alkoxy, an alkyl, a fluoro, and a phosphonyl group, has been achieved through NMR experiments. The corresponding (E)- and (Z)-nucleotide fluorosugars have been prepared and tested as inhibitors of UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM). UGM is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of uridine diphosphate(UDP)-galactopyranose into UDP-galactofuranose, a key step of the biosynthesis of important mycobacterial cell-wall glycoconjugates. The two diastereomeric molecules were found to display time-dependent inactivation of UGM, as expected from preliminary results using non-fluorinated exo-glycal nucleotides. The inhibitory properties of the two fluorinated molecules led us to suggest that the inactivation mechanism proceeds through two-electron processes, despite the presence of the flavin cofactor within the UGM catalytic site.
Effects of super-Gaussian electron velocity distributions on the ion feature of Thomson scattering off two-ion plasmas (2002)

The influence of super-Gaussian velocity distributions on the ion feature of Thomson scattering off two-ion plasmas is studied. The analytical solution to the dispersion equation shows that although both the frequencies of the two (fast and slow) ion-acoustic waves increase with the index of the super-Gaussian, the slow wave is more weakly dependent on the index due to the screening of the light ions. In the case that plasma can sustain two lightly damped ion-acoustic waves, the inferred plasma parameters such as electron temperature and plasma temperature ratio may suffer some errors without consideration of super-Gaussian electron velocity distributions. Since the relative intensity between the resonant peaks of the fast and slow waves is sensitive to the super-Gaussian index, the super-Gaussian velocity distributions may be measurable with Thomson scattering off laser-heated two species ion plasmas.
Enhancement of Satellite Cell Transplantation Efficiency by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (2016)

Our study showed that the treatment with LIF effectively maintained the undifferentiated state of satellite cells, and enhanced their transplantation efficiency. These results will contribute to the optimization of culture conditions for cell transplantation therapy.
Organic Reductions by Sodium Aluminum Hydride (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reductions by Sodium Aluminum HydrideA. E. Finholt, E. C. Jacobson, A. E. Ogard, and P. ThompsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 15, 4163Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01620a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01620a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views676Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving the Resistance Profile of Hepatitis C NS3/4A Inhibitors: Dynamic Substrate Envelope Guided Design (2013)

Drug resistance is a principal concern in the treatment of quickly evolving diseases. The viral protease NS3/4A is a primary drug target for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is known to evolve resistance mutations in response to drug therapy. At the molecular level, drug resistance reflects a subtle change in the balance of molecular recognition by NS3/4A; the drug resistant protease variants are no longer effectively inhibited by the competitive active site inhibitors but can still process the natural substrates with enough efficiency for viral survival. In previous works we have developed the "substrate envelope" hypothesis, which posits that inhibitors should be less susceptible to drug resistance if they better mimic the natural substrate molecular recognition features. In this work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations on four native substrates bound to NS3/4A and discover a clearly conserved dynamic substrate envelope. We show that the most severe drug resistance mutations in NS3/4A occur at residues that are outside the substrate envelope. Comparative analysis of three NS3/4A inhibitors reveals structural and dynamic characteristics of inhibitors that could lead to resistance. We also suggest inhibitor modifications to improve resistance profiles based on the dynamic substrate envelope. This study provides a general framework for guiding the development of novel inhibitors that will be more robust against resistance by mimicking the static and dynamic binding characteristics of natural substrates.
Modulo reduction in residue number systems (1995)

Residue number systems provide a good means for extremely long integer arithmetic. Their carry-free operations make parallel implementations feasible. Some applications involving very long integers, such as public key encryption, rely heavily on fast modulo reductions. This paper shows a new combination of residue number systems with efficient modulo reduction methods. Two methods are compared, and the faster one is scrutinized in detail. Both methods have the same order of complexity, O(log n), with n denoting the amount of registers involved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interpretation of “true atomic resolution” images of graphite (0001) in noncontact atomic force microscopy (2000)

To examine the contrast formation by noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM), we simulate images of graphite (0001) and compare them with experimental results. Important features of the experimental data like the appearance of a trigonal structure with a distance of 2.46 \AA{} between the maxima and the experimental corrugation amplitudes are well reproduced. The detailed analysis shows that the NC-AFM images reveal the positions of the carbon atoms as minima and the hollow sites as maxima, in contrast to a simple interpretation of NC-AFM data.
What does microseismicity tells us about hydraulic fractures? (2011)

Microseismic imaging has proven to be a value technology to image hydraulic fracture geometry. However, the relationship between the microseismic deformation and the geomechanical response of the rock to the hydraulic fracturing process needs to be properly understood in order to exploit additional microseismic information and better characterize the hydraulic fracture effectiveness. Here, observations are given that show that the microseismic deformation represents a high‐frequency, predominantly shearing and small proportion of the deformation in contrast with the slow, predominantly aseismic, tensile hydraulic fracture opening. A common engineering interpretation of the hydraulic fracture effectiveness is the total stimulated volume of the reservoir, typically based on the microseismically active volume. The volume of the microseismic cloud is examined and shown that microseismic location uncertainties result in an overestimation of microseismic deforming volume, which in turn can include stress induced deformation and so represents an upper limit on the hydraulically created fracture volume. The microseismic does describe the relative proportion of the geomechanically deforming rock and when interpreted in light of a complex fracture mechanics model can be used to estimate the extent and effectiveness of the open, flowing hydraulic fracture.
Thermodynamic study of lanthanide complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N"-triacetic acid and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N'''-tetraacetic acid (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic study of lanthanide complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N"-triacetic acid and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N'''-tetraacetic acidW. P. Cacheris, S. K. Nickle, and A. D. SherryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 6, 958–960Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00253a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00253a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1664Altmetric-Citations259LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mineral classification from quantitative X‐ray maps using neural network: Application to volcanic rocks (2009)

Abstract We developed a mineral classification technique of electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) maps in order to reveal the mineral textures and compositions of volcanic rocks. In the case of lithologies such as basalt that include several kinds of minerals, X‐ray intensities of several elements derived from EPMA must be considered simultaneously to determine the mineral map. In this research, we used a Kohonen self‐organizing map (SOM) to classify minerals in the thin‐sections from several X‐ray intensity maps. The SOM is a type of artificial neural network that is trained using unsupervised training to produce a two‐dimensional representation of multi‐dimensional input data. The classified mineral maps of in situ oceanic basalts of the Juan de Fuca Plate allowed us to quantify mineralogical and textural differences among the marginal and central parts of the pillow basalts and the massive flow basalt. One advantage of mineral classification using a SOM is that relatively many minerals can be estimated from limited input elements. By applying our method to altered basalt which contains multiple minerals, we successfully classify eight minerals in thin‐section.
Strain-induced local surface chemical ordering observed by STM (1996)

PtNi alloys are known to exhibit a tendency towards chemical ordering, which also effects surface segregation. Scanning tunneling microscopy results obtained in the strain field of dislocations on ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$(110) surfaces show a (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) superstructure of alternating Pt and Ni atoms in some regions close to the dislocation core. In other regions, the apparent height of all surface atoms is equal, in agreement with low energy ion scattering results yielding a surface concentration of almost 100% Ni. This indicates that the strain present in the vicinity of dislocations influences both the surface composition and chemical order. The experimental results are compared to simulation calculations of chemical ordering and segregation, using embedded atom method potentials and linear elasticity theory. The simulations indicate that the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) superstructure is due to an L${1}_{0}$ ordered phase in regions where the tetragonal distortion of the L${1}_{0}$ phase with respect to the cubic substrate can alleviate stress. It is argued that this dislocation-induced ordering can immobilize dislocations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.