gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exaggerated emotional behavior in mice heterozygous null for the sodium channel <i>Scn8a </i>(Na<sub>v</sub>1.6) (2008)

The Scn8a gene encodes the alpha-subunit of Na(v)1.6, a neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel. Mice homozygous for mutations in the Scn8a gene exhibit motor impairments. Recently, we described a human family with a heterozygous protein truncation mutation in SCN8A. Rather than motor impairment, neuropsychological abnormalities were more common, suggesting a role for Scn8a in a more diverse range of behaviors. Here, we characterize mice heterozygous for a null mutation of Scn8a (Scn8a(+/-)mice) in a number of behavioral paradigms. We show that Scn8a(+/-)mice exhibit greater conditioned freezing in the Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm but no apparent abnormalities in other learning and memory paradigms including the Morris water maze and conditioned taste avoidance paradigm. Furthermore, we find that Scn8a(+/-)mice exhibit more pronounced avoidance of well-lit, open environments as well as more stress-induced coping behavior. Together, these data suggest that Scn8a plays a critical role in emotional behavior in mice. Although the behavioral phenotype observed in the Scn8a(+/-)mice only partially models the abnormalities in the human family, we anticipate that the Scn8a(+/-)mice will serve as a valuable tool for understanding the biological basis of emotion and the human diseases in which abnormal emotional behavior is a primary component.
Genetic deletion of growth differentiation factor 15 augments renal damage in both type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes (2013)

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is emerging as valuable biomarker in cardiovascular disease and diabetic kidney disease. Also, GDF15 represents an early response gene induced after tissue injury and studies performed in GDF15 knockout (KO) mice suggest that GDF15 plays a protective role after injury. In the current study, we investigated the role of GDF15 in the development of diabetic kidney damage in type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes. Renal damage was assessed in GDF15 KO mice and wild-type (WT) mice in streptozotocin type 1 and db/db type 2 diabetic models. Genetic deletion of GDF15 augmented tubular and interstitial damage in both models of diabetes, despite similar diabetic states in KO and WT mice. Increased tubular damage in KO animals was associated with increased glucosuria and polyuria in both type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes. In both models of diabetes, KO mice showed increased interstitial damage as indicated by increased α-smooth muscle actin staining and collagen type 1 expression. In contrast, glomerular damage was similarly elevated in diabetic KO and WT mice. In type 1 diabetes, GDF15 KO mice demonstrated increased expression of inflammatory markers. In type 2 diabetes, elevated levels of plasma creatinine indicated impaired kidney function in KO mice. GDF15 protects the renal interstitium and tubular compartment in experimental type 1 and 2 diabetes without affecting glomerular damage.
Detection and Identification of Amanitins in the Wood-Rotting Fungi <i>Galerina fasciculata</i> and <i>Galerina helvoliceps</i> (1999)

More than 600 strains of wood-rotting fungi were screened for the detection of amanitins. Three strains of Galerina fasciculata and 18 strains of Galerina helvoliceps contained amanitins. These strains contained mainly alpha- and beta-amanitins in the native fruit bodies, while alpha- and gamma-amanitins were found in liquid-cultured mycelia. Purified amanitins were confirmed by their chromatographic profiles, spectra (UV, Fourier transform infrared, and atmospheric ionization mass), cytotoxicity for mammalian cell lines (3T3 and SiHa), and inhibitory effects on RNA polymerase II. The results revealed that the purified amanitin fractions from these species are identical to authentic amanitins and suggest that these two species must be handled as poisonous mushrooms.
Multi-user MIMO strategies for a millimeter wave communication system using hybrid beam-forming (2015)

This paper presents the theoretical capacity performance of different downlink multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) beam-forming strategies for a millimeter wave communication system using hybrid beam-forming. Hybrid beam-forming uses both RF and digital beam-forming and is a practical way to achieve the antenna array gains required when the large bandwidths available at millimeter wave frequencies are utilized. Since both RF and digital beam-forming are used, there are various possible beam-forming approaches. We investigate a system which uses code book based RF beam-forming with non-code book based digital beam-forming which utilizes sounding reference symbol (SRS) based uplink measurements for TDD operation. For this system we examine different strategies for selecting the RF beams in conjunction with different digital pre-coding schemes to support MU-MIMO. The performances of the different strategies are simulated under the assumption of perfect channel knowledge at the base station and at the mobile station.
Randomized controlled trial of melatonin for children with autistic spectrum disorders and sleep problems (2006)

Although the study was small owing to recruitment difficulties, it still provides evidence of effectiveness of melatonin in children with sleep difficulties and ASD, which we predict a larger study would confirm.
High-quality near-field optical probes by tube etching (1999)

A method called tube etching for the fabrication of near-field optical probes is presented. Tip formation occurs inside a cylindrical cavity formed by the polymer coating of an optical fiber which is not stripped away prior to etching in hydrofluoric acid. The influence of temperature, etchant concentration, and fiber type on the tip quality is studied. A tip formation mechanism for the given geometry is proposed. The procedure overcomes drawbacks of the conventional etching techniques while still producing large cone angles: (i) tips with reproducible shapes are formed in a high yield, (ii) the surface roughness on the taper is drastically reduced, and (iii) the tip quality is insensitive to vibrations and temperature fluctuations during the etching process. After aluminum coating, optical probes with well-defined apertures are obtained. Due to the smooth glass surface the aluminum coating is virtually free of pinholes.
Changes in voltage activation, Cs+ sensitivity, and ion permeability in H5 mutants of the plant K+ channel KAT1. (1996)

KAT1 is a voltage-dependent inward rectifying K+ channel cloned from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana [Anderson, J. A., Huprikar, S. S., Kochian, L. V., Lucas, W. J. & Gaber, R. F. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 3736-3740]. It is related to the Shaker superfamily of K+ channels characterized by six transmembrane spanning domains (S1-S6) and a putative pore-forming region between S5 and S6 (H5). The 115 region between Pro-247 and Pro-271 in KAT1 contains 14 additional amino acids when compared with Shaker [Aldrich, R. W. (1993) Nature (London) 362, 107-108]. We studied various point mutations introduced into H5 to determine whether voltage-dependent plant and animal K+ channels share similar pore structures. Through heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and voltage-clamp analysis combined with phenotypic analysis involving a potassium transport-defective Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, we investigated the selectivity filter of the mutants and their susceptibility toward inhibition by cesium and calcium ions. With respect to electrophysiological properties, KAT1 mutants segregated into three groups: (i) wild-type-like channels, (ii) channels modified in selectivity and Cs+ or Ca2+ sensitivity, and (iii) a group that was additionally affected in its voltage dependence. Despite the additional 14 amino acids in H5, this motif in KAT1 is also involved in the formation of the ion-conducting pore because amino acid substitutions at Leu-251, Thr-256, Thr-259, and Thr-260 resulted in functional channels with modified ionic selectivity and inhibition. Creation of Ca2+ sensitivity and an increased susceptibility to Cs+ block through mutations within the narrow pore might indicate that both blockers move deeply into the channel. Furthermore, mutations close to the rim of the pore affecting the half-activation potential (U1/2) indicate that amino acids within the pore either interact with the voltage sensor or ion permeation feeds back on gating.
Functional anatomy of cognitive development (2000)

In a test of verbal fluency, children tended to activate cortex more widely than adults, but activation patterns for fluency appear to be established by middle childhood. Thus, functional MRI using verbal fluency paradigms may be applied to pediatric patient populations for determining language dominance in anterior brain regions. The greater activation found in children, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, may reflect developmental plasticity for the ongoing organization of neural networks, which underlie language capacity.
A novel strictly anaerobic recovery and enrichment system incorporating lithium for detection of heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk containing background microflora (1994)

Heat-injured cells of Listeria monocytogenes were recovered from heated raw milk containing noninjured Enterococcus faecium by combining a simple method for obtaining strict anaerobiosis with a novel enrichment broth, Penn State University broth (PSU broth). Strictly anaerobic conditions were rapidly achieved by adding 0.5 g of filter-sterilized cysteine per liter to PSU broth and then purging the preparation with N2 gas. Little resuscitation or growth occurred in strictly anaerobic PSU broth without lithium chloride because of overgrowth by E. faecium. The growth of E. faecium decreased dramatically with increasing LiCl concentration; LiCl concentrations of 8 and 10 g/liter were completely bacteriostatic. The mechanism of inhibition by LiCl appeared to involve competition with the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. Heat-injured L. monocytogenes consistently recovered and grew rapidly in strictly anaerobic PSU broth containing 4, 6, or 7 g of LiCl per liter. The use of strictly anaerobic PSU broth containing 7 g of LiCl per liter permitted detection of severely heat-injured L. monocytogenes in one simple recovery-enrichment step by eliminating oxygen toxicity and inhibiting the growth of background microflora, without preventing the resuscitation and subsequent growth of heat-injured L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes heated in raw milk at 62.8 degrees C for 10, 15, and 20 min could be consistently recovered from strictly anaerobic PSU broth enrichment cultures at 30 degrees C after 48, 96, and 144 h, respectively, and hence, use of PSU broth may result in better recovery of both injured and noninjured cells from foods than currently used U.S. Department of Agriculture and Food and Drug Administration preenrichment procedures.
Enhanced yield of medicinal products from Tripterygium cell cultures (2008)

The growth of cell suspensions of the Asian medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii was manipulated in order to produce large amounts of pharmacologically active diterpene and triterpene natural products. A method was developed where elicitation with a strain of the fungus Botrytis stimulated the production of oleanane and friedelane triterpene acids. In rapidly growing twelve liter bioreactor cultures, triterpene yields were increased five to ten fold with this process, routinely providing more than 25 mg/L each of 22α-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid (B) and 3β,22α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid (D) and more than 5 mg/L each of 22β-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid (A) and 3β,22β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid (C). Yield improvement for the triptolide family of diterpenes (triptolide and tripdiolide) was approached through the synthesis of potential intermediates of the natural biosynthetic pathways, the first step in a technique where synthetic elaborations would be completed by cell cultures. These synthetic intermediates were also sought to establish the details of triptolide biosynthesis. Advances were made towards the synthesis of one potential intermediate, 18(4￫ 3)-isodehydroabietenolide, starting from (L)-dehydroabietic acid....(more text)
Cognitive Radio System using IEEE 802.11a over UHF TVWS (2008)

The FCC is contemplating opening up UHF TVWS for cognitive radios - there is a demand for a Cognitive System that can operate on available channels. In this paper we present the system architecture of a prototype Cognitive Radio System using IEEE 802.11a MAC over UHF TVWS. The cognitive radio network consists of a cognitive access point (that performs in-band and out of band sensing) and Cognitive Mobile Stations. The paper presents the various components of the system and their interactions. The Cognitive Engine we present is designed to be agnostic of the underlying MAC and PHY. To this end, we define an abstraction layer to interface with the MAC. A Geo-location based approach for detecting incumbents like DTV, assisted by spectrum sensing, is proposed. We also propose a Cognitive Engine Protocol for channel resource control between the Cognitive Access Point and Cognitive Stations. Finally, results of the prototyped system are presented.
Enhanced photoluminescence from CdS:Mn/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (2003)

Enhanced photoluminescence (PL) is reported from Mn2+-doped CdS nanocrystals capped with ZnS (CdS:Mn/ZnS core/shell) that were prepared using a reverse micelle route. Compared to organically (n-dodecanethiol) capped CdS:Mn nanocrystals, CdS:Mn/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals exhibited much stronger and sharper Mn2+ 4T1–6A1 yellow PL emission. This is presumably the result of effective passivation of CdS surface states by the ZnS shell and consequent suppression of nonradiative recombination transitions. The core/shell nanostructure was confirmed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy data.
A Role for the Caveolin Scaffolding Domain in Mediating the Membrane Attachment of Caveolin-1 (1999)

Here, we have created a series of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) deletion mutants to examine whether the membrane spanning segment is required for membrane attachment of caveolin-1 in vivo. One mutant, Cav-1-(1-101), contains only the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain and lacks the membrane spanning domain and the C-terminal domain. Interestingly, Cav-1-(1-101) still behaves as an integral membrane protein but lacks any known signals for lipid modification. In striking contrast, another deletion mutant, Cav-1-(1-81), behaved as a soluble protein. These results implicate caveolin-1 residues 82-101 (also known as the caveolin scaffolding domain) in membrane attachment. In accordance with the postulated role of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain as an inhibitor of signal transduction, Cav-1-(1-101) retained the ability to functionally inhibit signaling along the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, whereas Cav-1-(1-81) was completely ineffective. To rule out the possibility that membrane attachment mediated by the caveolin scaffolding domain was indirect, we reconstituted the membrane binding of caveolin-1 in vitro. By using purified glutathione S-transferase-caveolin-1 fusion proteins and reconstituted lipid vesicles, we show that the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain and the C-terminal domain (residues 135-178) are both sufficient for membrane attachment in vitro. However, the putative membrane spanning domain (residues 102-134) did not show any physical association with membranes in this in vitro system. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that the caveolin scaffolding domain contributes to the membrane attachment of caveolin-1.
Adapting Adult Scald Safety Standards to Children (2006)

Scald burns by domestic tap water constitute a painful, potentially debilitating, and sometimes-fatal form of thermal injury. In this setting, the very young and older members of the population are particularly susceptible, owing in part to having thinner skin, which renders them more susceptible to thermal insult. Various codes have set forth a safety standard for maximum delivery temperature of domestic tap water at 120 degrees F (48.9 degrees C), based on adult susceptibility to burns. This work addresses the issue of how the current safety standard for tap water temperature could be adjusted to provide a level of protection to children equivalent to that for an adult at 120 degrees F. A well-accepted mathematical model for predicting burn injury as a function of applied surface temperature and time is used to identify these equivalent conditions. Data from the literature of sonographic measurements indicate a representative ratio of child to adult skin thickness of 0.72. The mathematical model shows that the equivalent surface temperature for a threshold scald injury in children is dependent on the depth into the skin at which the injury is identified. For example, the injury produced by a 120 degrees F, 10-second exposure at a depth of 600 microm in an adult is matched in a child at 72% of the depth (432 microm) by an insult of 115.9 degrees F for the same duration. The recommendation is that existing hot water standards be reduced by 3 to 4 degrees F to provide an equivalent level of scald protection to children.
Guanidine Soaps (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGuanidine SoapsMelvin Z. Poliakoff and Gilbert B. L. SmithCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 2, 335–337Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50458a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50458a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Interplay between Laminar Specificity and Activity-Dependent Mechanisms of Thalamocortical Axon Branching (2007)

Target and activity-dependent mechanisms of axonal branching were studied in the thalamocortical (TC) projection using organotypic cocultures of the thalamus and cortex. TC axons were labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) by a single-cell electroporation method and observed over time by confocal microscopy. Changes in the firing activity of cocultures grown on multielectrode dishes were also monitored over time. EYFP-labeled TC axons exhibited more branch formation in and around layer 4 of the cortical explant during the second week in vitro, when spontaneous firing activity increased in both thalamic and cortical cells. Time-lapse imaging further demonstrated that branching patterns were generated dynamically by addition and elimination with a bias toward branch accumulation in the target layer. To examine the relationship between neural activity and TC branch formation, the dynamics of axonal branching was analyzed under various pharmacological treatments. Chronic blockade of firing or synaptic activity reduced the remodeling process, in particular, branch addition in the target layer. However, extension of branches was not affected by this treatment. Together, these findings suggest that neural activity can modify the molecular mechanisms that regulate lamina-specific TC axon branching.
Non-volatile 3D stacking RRAM-based FPGA (2012)

We demonstrates a novel Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) structure based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) system. RRAM is a non-volatile memory device which is compatible to CMOS Back End of Line (BEOL) process with only 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area per cell. We use a 1R system memory for logic element, Look-Up-Table (LUT), with three dimension stacking structure. The proposed 2R memory system is for routing elements, Switch Block (SB) and Connection Block (CB), with Complementary Resistive Switches (CRS) structure. Both three dimension stacking and CRS structure are crossbar-like structure to further improve density of the FPGA. The proposed design is different from modern FPGA with Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) system, RRAM-based FPGA has benefits of non-volatility, smaller area, and flexibility of configuration. A bit-addressable LUT is introduced with function of run-time programming memory cells of LUT, which is also known as Distributed Random Access Memory (D-RAM). Based on our simulation results, 62.7% of area reduction and 34% of delay improvement can be achieved compared to the conventional FPGA.
Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine stimulates leukotriene B4 synthesis and cyclic AMP accumulation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1983)

Both LTB4 and AGEPC stimulate PMN aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. The lipoxygenase inhibitors ETYA and NDGA block AGEPC-induced but not LTB4-induced PMN aggregation. Agents that elevate PMN cyclic AMP levels block both LTB4-and AGEPC-induced aggregation. Paradoxically, shortly after aggregation is initiated by either AGEPC or LTB4, a transient spike in cyclic AMP levels is observed. Subsequent experiments show that LTB4 can directly elevate cyclic AMP in PMNs. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, coupled with selective ion gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, shows that AGEPC stimulates neutrophils to synthesize LTB4. These data suggest that AGEPC-induced neutrophil aggregation is mediated by LTB4.
Ambiguity of phase retrieval for functions with disconnected support (1981)

Questions are raised concerning the uniqueness of solutions to the phase-retrieval problem for functions with disconnected support. A counterexample is presented showing the importance of considering the flipping of infinite proper subsets of nonreal zeros.
Selective measurement of HCHO in urine using direct liquid-phase fluorimetric analysis (2005)

Quantification of formaldehyde (HCHO) in urine was recently shown to be a promising tool in the investigation of cancer, particularly bladder cancer. Development of a low-maintenance, inexpensive and rapid analyzer for HCHO in urine would greatly facilitate future research and the potential diagnosis of bladder cancer. We examine here the application of an off-the-shelf system, originally designed for gas-phase atmospheric monitoring of HCHO, for the quantification of HCHO in urine. Under strict dietary protocols, e.g., avoidance of foods rich in free or chemically bound HCHO, an increase in HCHO in urine is an indirect indicator of cancer in the urogenital system. The concentration of HCHO in urine samples from an individual over a several-month period was determined, with a range from 39 to 1400 microM and a mean of 600 microM. The limit of detection for the present method was 0.1 microM. The proposed technique provides a direct, low-cost and greatly simplified analytical method for the quantification of HCHO in urine compared to other available techniques.