gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Armored Mixed Conductor Interphase on a Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anode (2018)

Lithium-metal electrodes have undergone a comprehensive renaissance to meet the requirements of high-energy-density batteries due to their lowest electrode potential and the very high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the unstable interface between lithium and nonaqueous electrolyte induces dendritic Li and low Coulombic efficiency during repeated Li plating/stripping, which is one of the huge obstacles toward practical lithium-metal batteries. Here, a composite mixed ionic/electronic conductor interphase (MCI) is formed on the surface of Li by in situ chemical reactions of a copper-fluoride-based solution and Li metal at room temperature. The as-obtained MCI film acts like the armor of a soldier to protect the Li-metal anode by its prioritized lithium storage, high ionic conductivity, and high Young's modulus. The armored MCI can effectively suppress Li-dendrite growth and work effectively in LiNi<sub>0.5</sub> Co<sub>0.2</sub> Mn<sub>0.3</sub> O<sub>2</sub> /Li cells. The armored MCI presents fresh insights into the formation and regulation of the stable electrode-electrolyte interface and an effective strategy to protect Li-metal anodes in working Li-metal batteries.
Systems, science, and populations: Effective early mental health intervention following mass trauma: the roles of government, clinicians, and communities (2010)

The first is the examination, through a systems analysis, of the factors that may impact on mental health through formal and informal organizational activity and behaviors, in the prevention, preparation, response, and recovery to disasters and terrorism.
Disruption of Redox Homeostasis in the Transforming Growth Factor-α/c-myc Transgenic Mouse Model of Accelerated Hepatocarcinogenesis (1998)

In previous studies we have demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha/c-myc double transgenic mice exhibit an enhanced rate of cell proliferation, accumulate extensive DNA damage, and develop multiple liver tumors between 4 and 8 months of age. To clarify the biochemical events that may be responsible for the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects observed in this transgenic model, several parameters of redox homeostasis in the liver were examined prior to development of hepatic tumors. By 2 months of age, production of reactive oxygen species, determined by the peroxidation-sensitive fluorescent dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, was significantly elevated in TGF-alpha/c-myc transgenic hepatocytes versus either wild type or c-myc single transgenic cells, and occurred in parallel with an increase in lipid peroxidation. Concomitantly with a rise in oxidant levels, antioxidant defenses were decreased, including total glutathione content and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, whereas thioredoxin reductase activity was not changed. However, hepatic tumors which developed in TGF-alpha/c-myc mice exhibited an increase in thioredoxin reductase activity and a very low activity of glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, specific deletions were detected in mtDNA as early as 5 weeks of age in the transgenic mice. These data provide experimental evidence that co-expression of TGF-alpha and c-myc transgenes in mouse liver promotes overproduction of reactive oxygen species and thus creates an oxidative stress environment. This phenomenon may account for the massive DNA damage and acceleration of hepatocarcinogenesis observed in the TGF-alpha/c-myc mouse model.
Development of a Network RTK Positioning and Gravity-Surveying Application with Gravity Correction Using a Smartphone (2013)

This paper proposes a smartphone-based network real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and gravity-surveying application (app) that allows semi-real-time measurements using the built-in Bluetooth features of the smartphone and a third-generation or long-term evolution wireless device. The app was implemented on a single smartphone by integrating a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) controller, a laptop, and a field-note writing tool. The observation devices (i.e., a GNSS receiver and relative gravimeter) functioned independently of this system. The app included a gravity module, which converted the measured relative gravity reading into an absolute gravity value according to tides; meter height; instrument drift correction; and network adjustments. The semi-real-time features of this app allowed data to be shared easily with other researchers. Moreover, the proposed smartphone-based gravity-survey app was easily adaptable to various locations and rough terrain due to its compact size.
Self-reported hearing loss questions provide a good measure for genetic studies: a polygenic risk score analysis from UK Biobank (2020)

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is very common in older adults and has major impact on quality of life. The heritability of ARHI has been estimated to be around 50%. The present study aimed to estimate heritability and environmental contributions to liability of ARHI and the extent to which a polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from a recent genome-wide association study of questionnaire items regarding hearing loss using the UK Biobank is predictive of hearing loss in other samples. We examined (1) a sample from TwinsUK who have had hearing ability measured by pure-tone audiogram and the speech-to-noise ratio test as well as questionnaire measures that are comparable with the UK Biobank questionnaire items and (2) European and non-European samples from the UK Biobank which were not part of the original GWAS. Results indicated that the questionnaire items were over 50% heritable in TwinsUK and comparable with the objective hearing measures. In addition, we found very high genetic correlation (0.30-0.84) between the questionnaire responses and objective hearing measures in the TwinsUK sample. Finally, PRS computed from weighted UK Biobank GWAS results were predictive of both questionnaire and objective measures of hearing loss in the TwinsUK sample, as well as questionnaire-measured hearing loss in Europeans but not non-European subpopulations. These results demonstrate the utility of questionnaire-based methods in genetic association studies of hearing loss in adults and highlight the differences in genetic predisposition to ARHI by ethnic background.
Pathogenic fungi: Disease-causing parasitical plants may overcome resistance of host plant developed by genetic means (1949)

This is the seventh article in a series of brief progress reports on the application oj the science of genetics to commercial agriculture.
Coding of PPM based modulation techniques to improve the performance of infrared WLANs (2002)

In this communication we consider the use of PPM based modulation methods, such as the hybrid modulation method called amplitude and pulse-position modulation (APPM) and overlapping pulse-position modulation (OPPM), to improve the performance of infrared WLANs. The bandwidth efficiency expressions of these modulation schemes are presented and compared against the one of pulse-position modulation (PPM), which allows to conclude that both APPM and OPPM can be used to improve the performance of PPM without significant bandwidth expansion, using trellis-coded modulation (TCM) codes. We also derive the best codes for some APPM and OPPM schemes, and the results show that non-negligible coding gains without bandwidth expansion can be obtained with trellis codes of moderate complexity.
Bleomycin compatibility with selected intravenous medications. (1982)

Three separate in vitro admixture experiments were accomplished with bleomycin and other common parenteral medications. Bleomycin was assayed by a radioimmunoassay procedure. Bleomycin was found to be compatible with a majority of drugs including the aminoglycoside antibiotics, the vinca alkaloid antineoplastics, the antimetabolite fluorouracil, several phosphate salt corticosteroids, diphenhydramine and the anticoagulant heparin sulfate. Incompatible admixtures include the acidic cephalosporin and penicillin-derived antibiotics, the antineoplastics, methotrexate, and mitomycin C, the sodium succinate salt of hydrocortisone as well as ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
A Role for NOX NADPH Oxidases in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Types of Dementia? (2003)

Because of population ageing, dementias are likely to become a major scourge of the 21st century. Causes of dementia include Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lesser known entities such as frontotemporal dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies. Neuroinflammation is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia by the killing of neurons through inflammatory mechanisms. Such a role of neuroinflammation is well documented for Alzheimer's disease, and it is likely to play a role in other types of dementia as well. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in inflammatory tissue destruction. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2 is the best studied ROS-generating system. In the central nervous system, it is expressed in microglia and--to a lesser extent--in neurons. Indeed, there is emerging experimental evidence for a role of NOX2 in Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease. Recently, six novel ROS-generating NADPH oxidases with homology to NOX2 have been discovered. Several of them are also expressed in the central nervous system. In this article, we hypothesize a role of NOX-type NADPH oxidases in inflammatory neuronal loss. We review presently available evidence and suggest that NOX-type NADPH oxidases may become promising pharmacological targets for the treatment and prevention of dementia.
A Fundamentally New Model of Acid Wormholing in Carbonates (1999)

Abstract A new theoretical model has been developed to describe the chemical reactions of acid in porous carbonate media. For the past 20 years, the three major unanswered questions regarding wormholing when acid is pumped into carbonate formations have been the following: (1) How many dominant wormholes are created? (2) What is the spatial distribution of those dominant wormholes along the wellbore? (3) What is the leakoff profile from the dominant wormholes under radial flow conditions? This paper presents a model that proposes answers to these three basic questions. Once these questions are answered, the reaction of acid in the matrix and the interaction of wormhole development become straightforward. The new model requires a major paradigm shift in the understanding of matrix carbonate acidizing and the variables that control wormhole growth. Parametric studies that were conducted with the new theory are presented. It was found that wormhole length is predominantly controlled by matrix porosity and volume of acid pumped—not by reactivity. It was found that wormhole diameter is predominantly controlled by reactivity and contact time. The new theory confirms classically held guidelines for matrix acidizing of carbonates, and gives insight on how to improve matrix carbonate acidizing treatments. The new model also accommodates the effects of permeability anisotropy caused by natural fracturing or layering effects
Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (2010)

Methylation of tumor suppressor gene(TSG), currently a hot field in cancer research, is involved in many biological processes including cell cycle regulation, cell signal transduction, DNA apoptosis,tumor invasion and metastasis. The level of TSG methylation is significantly associated with the development of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and its biologic behavior.

Key words: 
Methylation; Tumor suppressor genes; Carcinoma, adenoid cystic; Salivary glands
Clinical and molecular predictors of disease severity and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2007)

Several parameters may predict disease severity and overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The purpose of our study of 190 CLL patients was to compare immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgV(H)) mutation status, cytogenetic abnormalities, and leukemia cell CD38 and Zap-70 to older, traditional parameters. We also wanted to construct a simple, inexpensive prognosis score that would significantly predict TTT and survival in patients at the time of diagnosis and help practicing clinicians. In univariate analyses, patients with higher clinical stage, higher leukocyte count at diagnosis, shorter leukocyte doubling time, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgV(H)) genes, and higher CD38 had a shorter overall survival and time-to-treatment (TTT). CLL cell Zap-70 expression was higher in patients with unmutated IgV(H), and those with higher Zap-70 tended to have shorter survival. IgV(H)4-34 or IgV(H)1-69 was the most common IgV(H) genes used (16 and 12%, respectively). Of those with IgV(H)1-69, 86% had unmutated IgV(H) and had a significantly shorter TTT. A cytogenetic abnormality was noted in 71% of the patients tested. Patients with 11q22 del and 17p13 del or complex abnormalities were significantly more likely to have unmutated IgV(H). We found that a prognostic score constructed using modified Rai stage, cellular CD38, and serum LDH (parameters easily obtained clinically) significantly predicted TTT and survival in patients at the time of diagnosis and performed as well or better than models using the newer markers.
Enzymatic ligation for synthesis of single‐chain analogue of monellin by transglutaminase* (1999)

Monellin, a sweet protein, consists of two noncovalently associated polypeptide chains: an A chain of 44 amino acid residues and a B chain of 50 residues. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used for ligation of the monellin subunits without any protecting groups, and without activation of the Cα-carboxyl group at the C-terminus. Since a peptide fragment LLQG is a good substrate for MTGase to form an amide bond between the γ-amide group of the Gln residue and the ε-amino group of Lys, a monellin B chain analogue in which LLQG was elongated at the C-terminus (B-LLQG) was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis. The monellin A chain analogue in which KGK was elongated at the N-terminus (KGK-A) was synthesized by the same method as that of the B chain analogue. The KGK-A chain and the B-LLQG chain were coupled by MTGase to give single-chain analogue of monellin. The single-chain analogue of monellin was characterized by analytical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and amino acid analyses. All analyses gave satisfactory results. The single-chain analogue of monellin was more heat stable than natural monellin. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 50: 193–200, 1999
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HIV-1 integrase is controlled by the viral Rev protein (2010)

In the current study we show that the Rev protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibits nuclear import and mediates nuclear export of the HIV-1 integrase (IN) protein, which catalyzes integration of the viral cDNA. Interaction between IN and Rev in virus infected cells, resulting in the formation of a Rev-IN complex, has been previously described by us. Here we show that nuclear import of the IN, is inhibited by early expressed Rev. No nuclear import of IN was observed when Rev-overexpressing cells were infected by wild-type HIV-1. Similarly, no translocation of IN into nuclei was observed in the presence of Rev-derived peptides. On the other hand, massive nuclear import was observed following infection by a ∆Rev virus or in the presence of peptides that promote dissociation of the Rev-IN complex. Our results show that IN is only transiently present within the nuclei of infected cells. Treatment of infected cells with leptomycin B caused nuclear retention of the Rev-IN complex. Removal of the leptomycin from these treated cells resulted in nuclear export of both Rev and IN. On the other hand, disruption of the nuclear located Rev-IN complex resulted in export of only the Rev protein indicating Rev-mediated nuclear export of IN. Our results suggest the involvement of Rev in regulating the integration process by limiting the number of integration events per cell despite the presence of numerous copies of viral cDNA.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Phosphatases — A Phylogenetic Perspective (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multilevel Converter with 2 Stage-Conversion (2001)

In the past decade, we have witnessed significant advances in ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell culture expansion, progressing to the point where clinical trials are being designed and conducted. Preclinical milestone investigations provided data to enable expansion of portions of hematopoietic grafts in a clinical setting, indicating safety and feasibility of this approach. Data derived from current clinical trials indicate successful reconstitution of hematopoiesis after myeloablative chemoradiotherapy using infusion of ex vivo-expanded perfusion cultures. Future avenues of exploration will focus upon refining preclinical and clinical studies in which cocktails of available cytokines, novel molecules and sophisticated expansion systems will explore expansion of blood, marrow and umbilical cord blood cells.
The Cavitron Ultrasonic Aspirator in Tumor Surgery (1984)

The CUSA Ultrasonic Surgical System fragments and aspirates a wide spectrum of firm tumors of the central nervous system with little transmitted movement to adjacent normal neural structures. The CUSA system is clearly of limited value in removing extremely calcified or dense fibrous tumors. It lacks primary hemostatic properties, and conventional hemostatic techniques are necessary.
Refilming with Depth-Inferred Videos (2009)

Compared to still image editing, content-based video editing faces the additional challenges of maintaining the spatiotemporal consistency with respect to geometry. This brings up difficulties of seamlessly modifying video content, for instance, inserting or removing an object. In this paper, we present a new video editing system for creating spatiotemporally consistent and visually appealing refilming effects. Unlike the typical filming practice, our system requires no labor-intensive construction of 3D models/surfaces mimicking the real scene. Instead, it is based on an unsupervised inference of view-dependent depth maps for all video frames. We provide interactive tools requiring only a small amount of user input to perform elementary video content editing, such as separating video layers, completing background scene, and extracting moving objects. These tools can be utilized to produce a variety of visual effects in our system, including but not limited to video composition, "predator" effect, bullet-time, depth-of-field, and fog synthesis. Some of the effects can be achieved in real time.
A performance-driven placement technique based on a new budgeting criterion (1996)

In this paper we present a new formulation for the timing-driven placement problem based on net delay budgeting. The net delay budgets ate used to generate physical net constraints used by the placement algorithm. Our budgeting criterion uses a convex programming formulation with special structure to generate the initial net budgets. We formulate a combined placement and delay budget refinement problem which simultaneously improves the timing budget and the placement. Our formulation uses the same objective function during the placement and the refinement stages. We propose a placement algorithm that searches for timing feasible placement by iterating between placement and refinement steps.
소프트웨어 공학 : 분할된 RRT공간을 이용한 Simulink/Stateflow모델 테스트케이스 생성 (2013)

본 논문은 Rapidy-exploring Random Tree(RRT) 알고리즘을 이용한 Simulink/Stateflow 모델 기반의 블랙박스 테스트 케이스 자동 생성 기법을 제안한다. RRT는 복잡한 시스템의 경로 계획을 효율적으로 해결하는 좋은 방법으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 블랙박스 테스트 케이스 생성 시 해결해야 되는 도달 가능 문제를RRT를 통해 해결하고자 한다. RRT를 이용하여 테스트 케이스를 생성 할 때의 가장 큰 단점은 Stateflow모델의 내부 상태가 복잡한 시스템을 위한 RRT확장 시 시간과 메모리 측면에서 많은 비용이 발생하게 된다는 점이다. 일반적인 RRT기법이 대상 시스템을 단일한 RRT공간으로 구성 하는 반면 제안된 기법에서는 대상 시스템을 Stateflow의 상태를 기준으로 동적 분할하여 RRT공간을 모델링 구성 함으로써 RRT확장 시 필요한 비용을 감소시켰다. 본 논문에서는 분할 RRT공간을 위한 RRT공간의 정의와. 거리 측정 기법, 테스트 케이스 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한, 예제 Stateflow모델을 기반으로 한 테스트 케이스 생성 실험을 통해 제안된 알고리즘의 성능을 보인다.
Physiologically Active Compounds. VI. Cyclic Amino Thiolesters of Substituted Chloroacetic, Benzilic, and Glycolic Acids<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysiologically Active Compounds. VI. Cyclic Amino Thiolesters of Substituted Chloroacetic, Benzilic, and Glycolic Acids1,2Calvin A. Buehler, Shelby F. Thames, L. G. Abood, and J. H. BielCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 5, 643–647Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00329a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (628 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
CSF nitric oxide metabolites are associated with activity and progression of multiple sclerosis (2004)

CSF nitrite and nitrate levels were increased in mildly disabled patients with MS and found to correlate with the volume of Gd-enhanced lesions on MRI. Raised baseline CSF NOx was associated with clinical and MRI progression in MS patients over 3-year follow-up.
Induction of the Neurokinin 1 Receptor by TNFα in Endometriotic Tissue Provides the Potential for Neurogenic Control Over Endometriotic Lesion Growth (2013)

NK1R expression is induced in ectopic endometrial tissue by peritoneal TNFα. Induction of NK1R expression may permit endometriotic lesion maintenance via exposure to substance P.
Activated Sintering of Tungsten-Copper Contact Materials (1979)

Nickel or cobalt additions were made to W–Cu compacts to determine whether the substitution of Co for Ni would improve their sintering characteristics and their properties as contact materials. For alloys with small proportions of Cu, Co was more effective in promoting sintering than Ni, whereas in those alloys with a high Cu content neither addition affected the sintering process. Despite their different sintering characteristics, no significant differences were detected in the contact angles of the liquid phases in W–Cu, W–Cu–Co or W–Cu–Ni alloys. The improved sintering of low-Cu alloys containing Co appears to be related to the formation of W6Co7 intermetallic compound on the surface of the W particles.