gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge preserving image enhancement using anisotropic diffusion (2008)

Enhancing an image in such a way that maintains image edges is a difficult problem. Many current methods for image enhancement either smooth edges on a small scale while improving contrast on a global scale or enhance edges on a large scale while amplifying noise on a small scale. One method which has been proposed for overcoming this is anisotropic diffusion, which views each image pixel as an energy sync which interacts with the surrounding pixels based upon the differences in pixel intensities and conductance values calculated from local edge estimates. In this paper, we propose a novel image enhancement method which makes use of these smoothed images produced by diffusion methods. The basic steps of this algorithm are: a) decompose an image into a smoothed image and a difference image, for example by using anisotropic diffusion or as in Lee's Algorithm [14]; b) apply two image enhancement algorithms, such as alpha rooting [7] or logarithmic transform shifting [15]; c) fuse these images together, for example by weighting the two enhanced images and summing them for the final image. Computer simulations comparing the results of the proposed method and current state-of-the-art enhancement methods will be presented. These simulations show the higher performance, both on the basis of subjective evaluation and objective measures, of the proposed method over current methods.
Paracellin-1, a Renal Tight Junction Protein Required for Paracellular Mg <sup>2+</sup> Resorption (1999)

Epithelia permit selective and regulated flux from apical to basolateral surfaces by transcellular passage through cells or paracellular flux between cells. Tight junctions constitute the barrier to paracellular conductance; however, little is known about the specific molecules that mediate paracellular permeabilities. Renal magnesium ion (Mg2+) resorption occurs predominantly through a paracellular conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL). Here, positional cloning has identified a human gene, paracellin-1 (PCLN-1), mutations in which cause renal Mg2+ wasting. PCLN-1 is located in tight junctions of the TAL and is related to the claudin family of tight junction proteins. These findings provide insight into Mg2+ homeostasis, demonstrate the role of a tight junction protein in human disease, and identify an essential component of a selective paracellular conductance.
An assisted speed-sensorless control of induction motor drives for railways applications (2016)

The paper deals with controlled induction motor for traction units of railways vehicles. Based on a conventional speed-sensorless vector-control of induction motor drives, some numerical investigations are carried out in order to verify the suitability of an open-loop observer in the context of railway traction applications with their specific requirements. In particular, the attention is focused on the control in the re-powering phase (e.g. after a coasting operation) and during an uphill start of the train with a steep slope; both of them usually are critical situations. Among the large amount of data available on-board of a modern railway vehicle, the propulsion control can use the speed signal usually delivered on the Ethernet bus in order to facilitate the re-synchronization of the inverter commands. Also the possible use of a low-accuracy speed detection is considered in order to improve the drive performance specifically in these operating conditions, where sensorless speed-identification is definitely incorrect. These speed estimations allow to improve the drive dynamic performance, avoiding at the same time the activation of protections against over-currents or over-voltages.
Vitrification of ion-exchange (IEX) resins: Advantages and technical challenges (1995)

Technologies are being developed by the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) in conjunction with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the commercial sector to convert low-level radioactive ion exchange (IEX) resin wastes from the nuclear utilities to solid stabilized waste forms for permanent disposal. One of the alternative waste stabilization technologies is vitrification of the resin into glass. Wastes can be vitrified at elevated temperatures by thermal treatment. One alternative thermal treatment is conventional Joule heated melting. Vitrification of wastes into glass is an attractive option because it atomistically bonds both hazardous and radioactive species in the glass structure, and volume reduces the wastes by 70-80%. The large volume reductions allow for large associated savings in disposal and/or long term storage costs.
An all-plastic double-lumen catheter for continuous blood sampling. (1975)

The all-plastic double-lumen catheter described in this paper represents a significant improvement over previously reported catheters. It is used routinely for continuous blood withdrawal in two clinical investigation units and one experimental laboratory in Toronto. No experiments have been terminated due to catheter failure or clot formation and no maximum time limit of its use has been established. In clinical use with adult patients (4), the outer cannula has been kept open overnight with a slow saline drip after 18 hours of use. The same cannula has then been reused the next day for another 16 hours with a new adapter precut to size. Its design enzures that: (1) heparin is mixed with the blood at the site of blood sampling. (2) Blood is never brought into contact with glass or metal. (3) The blood channel is a uniform polyethylene tube with no discontinuities and no junctions, except where it is introduced into the peristaltic pump tube. The overall manufacturing process is simple, and percutaneous insertion is straightforward. Through its use, clotting in the blood withdrawal line and thrombus formations in the blood analyzer are no longer problems to limit the use of techniques requiring continuous blood withdrawal.
Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART): A Superior Implementation of the Art Algorithm (1984)

In this paper we have discussed what appears to be a superior implementation of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). The method is based on 1) simultaneous application of the error correction terms as computed by ART for all rays in a given projection; 2) longitudinal weighting of the correction terms back-distributed along the rays; and 3) using bilinear elements for discrete approximation to the ray integrals of a continuous image. Since this implementation generates a good reconstruction in only one iteration, it also appears to have a computational advantage over the more traditional implementation of ART. Potential applications of this implementation include image reconstruction in conjunction with ray tracing for ultrasound and microwave tomography in which the curved nature of the rays leads to a non-uniform ray density across the image.
Mechanism of Reversible Fluorescent Staining of Protein with Epicocconone (2005)

[reaction: see text] Epicocconone is the active ingredient in Deep Purple Total Protein Stain and responsible for the apparent noncovalent staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gel and electroblots. Reaction of epicocconone with amines has shown that epicocconone reacts reversibly with primary amines to produce a highly fluorescent enamine that is readily hydrolyzed by base or strong acid such as in conditions used in post-electrophoretic analysis such as peptide mass fingerprinting or Edman degradation.
The <i>FUS3</i> transcription factor functions through the epidermal regulator <i>TTG1</i> during embryogenesis in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

Loss-of-function mutations in the FUSCA3 (FUS3) gene of Arabidopsis result in alterations in cotyledon identity, inability to complete late seed maturation processes, and the premature activation of apical and root embryonic meristems, which indicates that this transcription factor is an essential regulator of embryogenesis. Although FUS3 shows a complex pattern of expression in the embryo, this gene is only required in the protoderm to carry out its functions. Moreover, the epidermal morphogenesis regulator TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) is negatively regulated by FUS3 in the embryo. When a loss-of-function ttg1 mutation is introduced into a fus3 mutant, a number of fus3-related phenotypes are rescued, indicating a functional TTG1 gene is required to manifest the fus3 mutant phenotype. It therefore appears that one of the functions of FUS3 is to restrict the domain of expression of TTG1 during embryogenesis. The FUS3-TTG1 interaction is both maternal and zygotic, suggesting a complex relationship is required between these gene products to allow correct seed development.
The fate of geothermal arsenic in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, Montana and Wyoming (1998)

Geothermal As from Yellowstone National Park causes high As concentrations (10–370 μ g/L) in the Madison and Missouri Rivers in Montana and Wyoming. Arsenic transport is largely conservative in the upper basin as demonstrated by the near equivalence of dissolved and total‐recoverable As concentrations, the constancy of As loads, and consistent ratios of concentrations of As to conservative geothermal tracers. Diurnal cycling of As between aqueous and solid phases in response to p H‐induced changes in sorption equilibria causes small variations of about 10–20% in dissolved As concentrations. HCl‐extractable As concentrations in river and lake sediment in the upper basin are variable depending on position relative to the As‐rich headwaters and geochemical and physical processes associated with lakes. In the lower Missouri River, large quantities of suspended sediment from tributaries provide sufficient sorption sites for substantial conversion of As from the aqueous phase to the solid phase.
An Integrated Laser Radar Receiver Channel with Wide Dynamic Range (2007)

A Receiver channel for a pulsed time-of-flight laser rangefinder is presented. It operates in a wide dynamic range without gain control. This is achieved by using leading edge detection and the generated walk error is corrected by measuring the slew rate of the pulse. In this way the compensation can be continued after the pulse is clipped so that the residual walk error can be minimized. Simulations show that a single-shot precision of 125 ps, or 20 mm in distance, is achievable within a dynamic range of at least 1:10,000.
Increased proteolytic resistance of ribonuclease A by protein engineering (2001)

Although highly stable toward unfolding, native ribonuclease A is known to be cleaved by unspecific proteases in the flexible loop region near Ala20. With the aim to create a protease-resistant ribonuclease A, Ala20 was substituted for Pro by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting mutant enzyme was nearly identical to the wild-type enzyme in the near-UV and far-UV circular dichroism spectra, in its activity to 2',3'-cCMP and in its thermodynamic stability. However, the proteolytic resistance to proteinase K and subtilisin Carlsberg was extremely increased. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of proteolysis, determined by densitometric analysis of the bands of intact protein in SDS-PAGE, decreased by two orders of magnitude. In contrast, the rate constant of proteolysis with elastase was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. These differences can be explained by the analysis of the fragments occurring in proteolysis with elastase. Ser21-Ser22 was identified as the main primary cleavage site in the degradation of the mutant enzyme by elastase. Obviously, this bond is not cleavable by proteinase K or subtilisin Carlsberg. The results demonstrate the high potential of a single mutation in protein stabilization to proteolytic degradation.
Investigación original / Original research (2004)

ABSTRACTKey words Investigacion original / Original research Nucci LB, Toscano CM, Maia ALM, Fonseca CD, Britto MMB, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Brazilian Na-tional Campaign for Diabetes Mellitus Detection Working Group. A nationwide population screeningprogram for diabetes in Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004;16(5):320–7. Suggested citation 1 Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School ofMedicine, Graduate Studies Program in Epidemi-ology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Send correspondence to: Luciana Bertoldi Nucci,R. da Granja Julieta, 09 / 34, Sao Paulo — SP, CEP04721-060 — Brazil; telephone/fax: +55 11 5686.7482; e-mail: lbnucci@terra.com.br 2 Brazilian Ministry of Health, Health Policy Di-vision, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil. (Thecurrent affiliation of Cristiana M. Toscano is: Pan American Health Organization, Family andCommunity Health, Immunization Unit, Brasilia,Brazil.) 3 The Brazilian National Campaign for Diabetes Me-llitus Detection Working Group: Secretaria de Po-liticas de Saude — Ministerio da Saude: Ana LuizaVilasboas, Ana Lourdes Marques Maia, Carlos Al-berto Machado, Claudio Duarte da Fonseca, Cris-tiana M. Toscano, Elisabeth Kalil Nader, Islene deAraujo Carvalho, Laurenice Pereira Lima, MarcoAntonio Mota Gomes, Maria Moema Borges Lealde Britto, Romero Bezerra Barbosa, Tatiana Lotfide Sampaio, and Vaneide Marcon Cachoeira; So-ciedade Brasileira de Diabetes: Adriana Costa eForti; Instituto de Saude Coletiva — UniversidadeFederal da Bahia: Lucelia Magalhaes; Programa dePos-graduacao em Epidemiologia — UniversidadeFederal do Rio Grande do Sul: Bruce BartholowDuncan, Luciana Bertoldi Nucci, Maria InesSchmidt, Sotero Serrate Mengue; Departamento deMedicina Social — Faculdade de Medicina de Ri-beirao Preto — Universidade de Sao Paulo: Laer-cio Joel Franco.
Language Origins : Perspectives on Evolution (2005)

1. Introduction PART I EVOLUTION OF SPEECH AND SPEECH SOUNDS: HOW DID SPOKEN LANGUAGE EMERGE? Introduction to Part I: How did links between perception and production emerge for spoken language? 2. The Mirror System Hypothesis: How did protolanguage evolve? 3. How Did Language go Discrete? 4. From Holistic to Discrete Speech Sounds: The blind snowflake maker hypothesis 5. Infant-Directed Speech and Evolution of Language PART II EVOLUTION OF GRAMMAR: HOW DID SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY EMERGE? Introduction to Part II: Protolanguage and the Development of Complexity 6. Initial Syntax and Modern Syntax: Did the clause evolve from the syllable? 7. The Potential Role of Production in the Evolution of Syntax 8. The Evolutionary Origin of Morphology 9. The Evolution of Grammatical Structures and 'Functional Need' Explanations 10. Deception and Mate Selection: Some implications for relevance and the evolution of language PART III ANALOGOUS AND HOMOLOGOUS TRAITS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM OTHER SPECIES? Introductin to Part III: The Broadening Scope of Animal Communication Research 11. An Avian Perspective on Language Evolution: Implications of simultaneous development of vocal and physical object combinations by a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) 12. Linguistic Prerequisites in the Primate Lineage PART IV LEARNABILITY AND DIVERSITY: HOW DID LANGUAGES EMERGE AND DIVERGE? Introduction to Part IV: Computer Modelling Widens the Focus of Language Study 13. Cultural Selection for Learnability: Three principles underlying the view that language adapts to be learnable 14. Coevolution of the Language Faculty and Language(s) With Decorrelated Encodings 15. Acquisition and Evolution of Quasi-regular Languages: Two puzzles for the price of one 16. Evolution of Language Diversity: Why fitness counts 17. Mutual Exclusivity: Communicative success despite conceptual divergence
Electrochemical properties of tyrosine phenoxy and tryptophan indolyl radicals in peptides and amino acid analogs (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical properties of tyrosine phenoxy and tryptophan indolyl radicals in peptides and amino acid analogsMichael R. DeFelippis, C. P. Murthy, F. Broitman, D. Weinraub, M. Faraggi, and Michael H. KlapperCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 8, 3416–3419Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100161a081https://doi.org/10.1021/j100161a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views976Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Higher order interaction of elastic waves in weakly nonlinear hollow circular cylinders. I. Analytical foundation (2014)

A mathematical framework to analyze the cumulative behavior of higher order harmonic generation due to the interaction of two collimated waves in a weakly nonlinear hollow circular cylinder is formulated in this article. A total number of (N + 1)(N + 2)/2 − 3 nonlinear boundary problems are formulated due to the Nth order mode interactions in a cylinder with Kth order nonlinearity (N ≤ K). The cumulative criteria for the second order harmonics (second harmonics, sum and difference harmonics) due to the quadratic interactions of two waves are examined based on the nonlinear forcing terms in curvilinear coordinates. These criteria are formulated by a synchronism condition, the circumferential orders of the primary modes, as well as the nature of the primary and the secondary wave fields, i.e., torsional or longitudinal. A generalized analysis that provides insight into the cumulative nature of the Nth order harmonics by Nth order interaction of two collimated waves is conducted by considering a cylinder with strain energy function written as Murnaghan's power series. The nature of the cumulative Nth order harmonics can be determined by the parity of the number of times the primary waves interact, and their circumferential orders.
Tandem Duplication Producing a Novel Oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> Fusion Gene Defines the Majority of Pilocytic Astrocytomas (2008)

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors of childhood, and pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) are the most common central nervous system tumor in 5 to 19 year olds. Little is known about the genetic alterations underlying their development. Here, we describe a tandem duplication of approximately 2 Mb at 7q34 occurring in 66% of PAs. This rearrangement, which was not observed in a series of 244 higher-grade astrocytomas, results in an in-frame fusion gene incorporating the kinase domain of the BRAF oncogene. We further show that the resulting fusion protein has constitutive BRAF kinase activity and is able to transform NIH3T3 cells. This is the first report of BRAF activation through rearrangement as a frequent feature in a sporadic tumor. The frequency and specificity of this change underline its potential both as a therapeutic target and as a diagnostic tool.
Hardware implementation and cost of decoders for digital HDTV (1991)

A study of the hardware complexity and cost impact of several proposed decoders for digital high-definition TV (HDTV) is presented. The digital HDTV receiver is examined, with emphasis on the demodulator, the video decoder, the computation of the inverse discrete cosine transform, and memory. Cost factors are addressed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Switchless bi-directional amplifier (2006)

Traditional radio frequency bi-directional amplifiers rely on switches with their associated increase in cost, size and loss to achieve time division duplexing. A switchless bi-directional amplifier is proposed whereby the power amplifier (PA) and low noise amplifier (LNA) are connected directly in an anti-parallel configuration. Experimental results show that there is no gain degradation when compared with the individual power amplifier and low noise amplifier.
A strategy for high‐resolution protein identification in surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: Calgranulin A and chaperonin 10 as protein markers for endometrial carcinoma (2005)

Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS) has conventionally been practiced on linear time of flight (TOF) which has low mass accuracy and resolution. Here we demonstrate in an examination of both malignant and nonmalignant endometrial tissue homogenates that high mass accuracy and resolution in the MS stage are crucial. Using a commercially available quadrupole/TOF (QqTOF), we were able to resolve two potential cancer markers, subsequently identified off-line as chaperonin 10 and calgranulin A, that differ by 8 Da in mass. Two off-line protein identification protocols were developed: the first was based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), protein extraction, trypsin digestion, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem MS (MALDI-MS/MS); the second on SEC and shotgun nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC)-MS/MS. Analyses on a cohort of 44 endometrial homogenates showed 22 out of 23 nonmalignant samples had nondetectable to very low abundance of chaperonin 10 and calgranulin A; 17 of the 21 malignant samples had detectable to abundant levels of both proteins. Immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray of 32 samples showed that approximately half of malignant endometrial tissues exhibited positive staining for calgranulin A in the malignant epithelium, while 9 out of 10 benign tissues exhibited negative epithelial staining. In addition, macrophages/granulocytes in malignant as well as nonmalignant tissues showed positive staining. No immunostaining occurred in stroma or myometrium. Calgranulin A, in combination with chaperonin 10 and other proteins, may eventually constitute a panel of markers to permit diagnosis and screening of endometrial cancer.
Lipase kinetics: Hydrolysis of triacetin by lipase from <i>Candida cylindracea</i> in a hollow‐fiber membrane reactor (1991)

The aptitude of a hollow-fiber membrane reactor to determine lipase kinetics was investigated using the hydrolysis of triacetin catalyzed by lipase from Canadida cylindracea as a model system. The binding of the lipase to the membrane appears not to be very specific (surface adsorption), and probably its conformation is hardly altered by immobilization, resulting in an activity comparable to that of the enzyme in its native form. The reaction kinetics defined on the membrane surface area were found to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The specific activity of the lipase in the membrane reactor was found to be significantly higher than in an emulsion reactor. The activity and stability of the enzyme immobilized on a hydrophilic membrane surface seem not to be influenced significantly by the choice of the membrane material. The hollow-fiber membrane reactor is a suitable tool to assess lipase kinetics in a fast and convenient way.