gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Application of the Mesoporous Molecular Sieves MCM‐41 — A Review (1999)

Abstract We report a “delayed neutralization” process for the preparation of highly‐ordered aluminosilicate MCM‐41 molecular sieves with high thermal and hydrothermal stability, and sharp pore size distribution. However, the structural order and pore size are dependent on the carbon chain length. In the mixture surfactant systems, the pore size of the MCM‐41 materials could be fine‐tuned. The pore size can be extended from 2.5 to 4.5 nm by adding a suitable amount of hydrocarbons. The tubular morphology of the MCM‐41 material of 0.3 to 10 micrometers diameter, where the wall consists of coaxial cylindrical pores of nanometers MCM‐41, can be obtained by careful control of the surfactant‐water content and the rate of condensation of silica. An optimum condition for automatic synthesis of the hierarchical TWT structure has been accomplished. The addition of 1‐alkanols as cosurfactant would not only improve the order of the MCM‐41 hexagonal structure but also promote the formation of micrometer‐sized hierarchical materials, for example: tubules‐within‐tubule and uniform‐sized hollow spheres of diameter 5.0 ± 1.0 μm. However, the inside of the micron spheres has intricate structures possessing various topological genus ranks. The MCM‐41 is a good supporter for Molybdenum oxide catalysts. The rate of deactivation in the catalytic reaction of ethyl‐benzene dehydrogenation to styrene increases in the order: M T < M P < SiO 2 . The physically mixed samples have higher catalytic activity than impregnated ones.
Fast Ambiguity Search Filter (FASF): A Nova1 Concept for GPS Ambiguity Resolution (1993)

A fundamental problem of rapid static and precise
kinematic GPS positioning is integer carrier phase
ambiguity resolution. This paper presents an
effective novel approach for ambiguity resolution:
the East Ambiguity Search Eilter (FASF). One of the
critical aspects of this approach is the determination
of the search range for each ambiguity parameter. In
the past, the search range of each ambiguity was
determined separately regardless of the assumed
integers of the other ambiguities. In the new FASF
approach, the ambiguity ranges are determined
recursively and are related to each other. Another
important characteristic is that all observations from
the initial to the current epoch are taken into account
by Kalman filtering. To assess the newly developed
algorithm, an experimental data set is used. Test
results show that the computation time for ambiguity
searching is nearly negligible even for an initial
search range of a hundred meters. This method is
therefore especially useful for real time applications
using: either single or dual frequency receivers in a
high data collection rate. Further refinements being
implemented and tested are also briefly discussed.
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange on aromatic rings during atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (2010)

It has been demonstrated that substituted indoles fully labelled with deuterium on the aromatic ring can undergo substantial exchange back to partial and even fully protonated forms during atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The degree of this exchange was strongly dependent on the absolute quantity of analyte, the APCI desolvation temperature, the nature of the mobile phase, the mobile phase flow rate and the instrument used. Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange on several other aromatic ring systems during APCI LC/MS was either undetectable (nitrobenzene, aniline) or extremely small (acetanilide) compared to the effect observed for substituted indoles. This observation has major implications for quantitative assays using deuterium-labelled internal standards and for the detection of deuterium-labelled products from isotopically labelled feeding experiments where there is a risk of back exchange to the protonated form during the analysis.
Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure for Improvement of Air Quality in Urban Street Canyons (2012)

Street-level concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and particulate matter (PM) exceed public health standards in many cities, causing increased mortality and morbidity. Concentrations can be reduced by controlling emissions, increasing dispersion, or increasing deposition rates, but little attention has been paid to the latter as a pollution control method. Both NO(2) and PM are deposited onto surfaces at rates that vary according to the nature of the surface; deposition rates to vegetation are much higher than those to hard, built surfaces. Previously, city-scale studies have suggested that deposition to vegetation can make a very modest improvement (<5%) to urban air quality. However, few studies take full account of the interplay between urban form and vegetation, specifically the enhanced residence time of air in street canyons. This study shows that increasing deposition by the planting of vegetation in street canyons can reduce street-level concentrations in those canyons by as much as 40% for NO(2) and 60% for PM. Substantial street-level air quality improvements can be gained through action at the scale of a single street canyon or across city-sized areas of canyons. Moreover, vegetation will continue to offer benefits in the reduction of pollution even if the traffic source is removed from city centers. Thus, judicious use of vegetation can create an efficient urban pollutant filter, yielding rapid and sustained improvements in street-level air quality in dense urban areas.
Measurement, calibration and pre-processing of signals for single-ended subscriber line identification (2004)

A measurement set-up is proposed to measure the one- port scattering parameter of a subscriber line at the Central Office. The measurements are performed in the time domain using periodic multi-sine signals. A pre-processing algorithm will deliver the impulse response of the one-port scattering parameter. It will de-noise and de-alias the impulse response and search for the first significant reflection. It will be shown that the processed impulse response of the one-port scattering parameter reveals the most important signal features, which would otherwise remain undetectable using classic time domain reflectometry. I. INTRODUCTION It is known that a number of channel impairments complicate the deployment of Discrete Subscriber Line services, i.e. the line attenuation, bridged taps (stubs), different wire gauges are used in one loop, crosstalk noise and RF-ingress etc. These channel impairments can cause a communication link to malfunction. Nowadays, commercial available instrumentation is based on double -ended line testing. It requires two technicians at both line extremities in order to qua ntify the loop power transfer function and noise power spectral density. The determination of the subscriber line in this way is expensive and requires the cooperation of the customer itself. Recently, the focus shifted to the single-ended line testing. The idea is to perform measurements at the Central Office only and using advanced pre-processing algorithms combined with artificial intelligence techniques to come to a reasonable estimate of the channel capacity in bits/s of the subscriber line. There exist sufficiently accurate cable models (4)(5) to describe a twisted pair line, so a white box approach to predict the channel capacity is appropriate because in that way it can handle a priori knowledge and explain every feature detected in the excitation response. Due to the diversity and complexity of the measurement and the detection of features in the response of the subscriber line on a stimulus, the approach will be multidisciplinary: it includes a one -port measurement, after which the data needs pre- processing before being fed to the loop topology classification (7) and the loop identification part using the physical cable models (2). This paper will treat the measurement set-up used to qualify any subscriber loop and the further pre-processing of the data. Excitation signals will be injected in the subscriber loop and the frequency response function of the one-port scattering parameter will be determined. The obtained data will be pre -processed in order to derive a valid impulse response, which is fu rther used by the loop topology classification. It will be demonstrated that the processed impulse response of a subscriber line contains well- pronounced reflections despite its high attenuation and high dispersion.
A Novel Gene, <i>pmgA</i>, Specifically Regulates Photosystem Stoichiometry in the Cyanobacterium<i>Synechocystis</i> Species PCC 6803 in Response to High Light1 (1998)

Previously, we identified a novel gene, pmgA, as an essential factor to support photomixotrophic growth of Synechocystis species PCC 6803 and reported that a strain in which pmgA was deleted grew better than the wild type under photoautotrophic conditions. To gain insight into the role of pmgA, we investigated the mutant phenotype of pmgA in detail. When low-light-grown (20 microE m(-2) s(-1)) cells were transferred to high light (HL [200 microE m(-2) s(-1)]), pmgA mutants failed to respond in the manner typically associated with Synechocystis. Specifically, mutants lost their ability to suppress accumulation of chlorophyll and photosystem I and, consequently, could not modulate photosystem stoichiometry. These phenotypes seem to result in enhanced rates of photosynthesis and growth during short-term exposure to HL. Moreover, mixed-culture experiments clearly demonstrated that loss of pmgA function was selected against during longer-term exposure to HL, suggesting that pmgA is involved in acquisition of resistance to HL stress. Finally, early induction of pmgA expression detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR upon the shift to HL led us to conclude that pmgA is the first gene identified, to our knowledge, as a specific regulatory factor for HL acclimation.
A Geometrical and Frequential Watermarking Scheme Using Similarities (1999)

International audience
Debonding forces applied to ceramic brackets simulating clinical conditions. (1994)

Debonding ceramic brackets is an area of concern to clinicians. Reports of enamel fractures and cracks have raised questions about the safety of the procedures used to remove these attachments. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between the actual forces generated during bracket removal in the clinical setting and the shear forces applied during laboratory testing. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores are presented as a percentage of the total number of teeth tested and are compared between the two types of debonding methods. The ARI scores quantitatively express where the bond failure occurs during bracket removal. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the mean bond strengths of the shear (107.8 kg/cm2) and the modified diametral compression (67.8 kg/cm2) forces. Debonding ceramic brackets with pliers requires the application of 30% less force to the enamel surface than debonding with the shear forces as tested in the laboratory. There were no significant differences in the ARI scores of the two groups--i.e. where the bond failures occurred.
Tyrosine-Generated Nanostructures Initiate Amyloid Cross-Seeding in Proteins Leading to a Lethal Aggregation Trap (2018)

Here, we show that aromatic amino acid tyrosine, under a physiologically mimicking condition, readily forms amyloid-like entities that can effectively drive aggregation of different globular proteins and aromatic residues. Tyrosine self-assembly resulted in the formation of cross-β rich regular fibrils as well as spheroidal oligomers. Computational data suggest intermolecular interaction between specifically oriented tyrosine molecules mediated through π-π stacking and H-bonding interactions, mimicking a cross-β-like architecture. Both individual protein samples and mixed protein samples underwent aggregation in the presence of tyrosine fibrils, confirming the occurrence of amyloid cross-seeding. The surface of the tyrosine's amyloid like entities was predicted to trap native protein structures, preferably through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions initiating an aggregation event. Because tyrosine is a precursor to vital neuromodulators, the inherent cross-seeding potential of the tyrosine fibrils may have direct relevance to amyloid-linked pathologies.
Spectrophotometric determination of the total concentration of sulfonamides in milk after adsorption separation using magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene (2016)

An approach is proposed to the estimation of the total concentration of sulfonamides in milk based on their adsorption isolation and preconcentration from whole milk with magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene followed by the spectrophotometric determination in an acetonitrile eluate by the reaction with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. The procedure was used for the determination of the total concentration of sulfonamides in milk at a level of the maximum residue limits.
SAXS and the Gas Transport in Polyether-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-polyamide Copolymer Membranes (2003)

Membranes from polyether-block-polyamide (PEBA) polymers with varying chemical composition (PEBAX), cast from 1-butanol and cyclohexanol, are studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dry and water-swollen, and as a function of strain. The nanostructure from soft and hard domains is determined. The typical hard domain thickness is 6 nm, and the long period is 17 nm for all grades. Gas transport parameters (permeability, diffusivity, solubility) are determined for He, H2, CO2, O2, N2, and CH4. Increase of polyether domain thickness leads to an increased permeability, but imperfect microphase separation contributes to gas transport properties on the same order of magnitude. Utilizing the interface distribution function (IDF) and the multidimensional chord distribution function (CDF) analysis, we find that the nanostructure of PEBA materials with a high soft block content is hardly changed by variation of casting solvent or water content. Damage of the hard domains occurs during straining. The nanostructure of PEBA materials with a soft block content close to 50% (“balanced”) is a function of the casting solvent. Membranes cast from cyclohexanol exhibit a decreased hard domain fraction caused from a declined phase separation. When the hard domains become too small, early failure upon straining is observed. One of the balanced materials exhibits an irregular domain structure; the other two form lamellar stacks with a different degree of order. Swelling in water is controlled by the chemical structure of the blocks. In the PEO/PA6 copolymer both soft and hard phase swell. The swellable PTMeO/PA12 copolymer shows growth of the soft domains only. Moderate elongation of the materials with a lamellar structure leads to orientation of the hard domain slabs parallel to the direction of strain. The extension of the slabs is <15 nm. Further elongation induces a microfibrillar structure with increasing heterogeneity. The most probable distance of two neighboring hard domains in the microfibril along the straining direction (long period) remains constant, but the shape of the long period distribution becomes skewed. When domains are destroyed during elongation, there is a tendency to form an orthorhombic macrolattice of almost spherical fragments in addition to the microfibrils.
Assembly Reverse Analysis on Malicious Code of Web Rootkit Trojan (2009)

Web rootkits Trojan, which can download virus from remote control server and hide in BIOS, is very harmful to web security. Reverse assembly analysis on web rootkit Trojan can help virus analyzer to trace malicious code and find some immunization methods. The paper presents deeply reverse analysis methods of web rootkit Trojan according to malicious assembly codes. The MASM assembly instructions in malicious code are compared with turbo ASM to find the difference. Some famous Trojan, such as web downloader machine dog Trojan and BIOS Trojan, are assembly reverse analyzed. Finally, the paper proposed some detection and immunization methods of web rootkit Trojan using assembly language.
Soft-handling gripper driven by piezoceramic bimorph strips (1996)

This paper is a study on the hybrid position/force control of a two-fingered miniature gripper driven by piezoelectric bimoph cells. The system is composed of the flexible cantilevers and a compact force sensor attached to the tip of one finger. Control action is applied by two piezoelectric bimorph strips placed at the base of each finger. The theoretical model of the electro-mechanical system is developed and applied to the study of a control problem where the gripper is commanded to grasp its object with a time-constant force 0.01 N at a prescribed commanded fingertip position. The PID control algorithm is introduced to drive the gripper.The system control behaviour is examined both theoretically and experimentally.
The definition of septic shock: implications for treatment (2007)

Sepsis is among the most common reasons for admission to intensive care units throughout the world. In 1991, a new set of terms and definitions was developed to define sepsis more precisely. The concept of the "systemic inflammatory response syndrome" (SIRS) was developed, and its diagnostic criteria were defined. Sepsis was defined as suspected or microbiologically proven infection together with SIRS, while severe sepsis was defined as sepsis together with sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Septic shock was defined as sepsis-induced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Data from recently published trials support this hierarchical stratification, with the mortality from sepsis ranging from 10% to 15%, severe sepsis from 17% to 20%, and septic shock from 43% to 54%. The distinction between severe sepsis and septic shock is critically important as it stratifies patients into groups with a low and a high risk of dying, respectively. However, currently the diagnostic criteria of septic shock remain vague. We suggest that septic shock is best defined by a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (or a fall in systolic blood pressure of > 40 mmHg), or a mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg after a crystalloid fluid challenge of 30 mL per kg body weight in a patient with severe sepsis. We believe that a vasopressor should be initiated in patients who remain hypotensive after this fluid challenge. The above operational definition of septic shock is important, as it clearly and unambiguously defines in which patients, and when, treatment with a vasopressor should be initiated, and in which patients adjunctive therapy with hydrocortisone and drotrecogin alfa (activated) should be considered.
Performance Comparison Analysis of Linux Container and Virtual Machine for Building Cloud (2014)

In these days, Cloud computing is provided by various service ways, and it is possible that practical implement and service by virtualized environment. With developing of cloud computing techniques, many companies propose the different type of platforms through research the relevant technique. Among other platforms, we are going to talk about the performance comparison analysis of Linux Container and Virtual Machine in this paper. We built Cloud environment first on Docker which is based on Linux Container and Hypervisor which is Virtual Machine, we analyzed each of the size, Boot speed, and CPU performance. With this analysis result, Users will be able to understand characteristic of each platforms, and they will be able to choose the platforms reasonably what they need.
The Celtic Church of Scotland A Study of Its Penetration Lines and Art Relationships By W. Douglas Simpson. Aberdeen: The University Press, 1935. 120 pages. (1935)

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Thermal Modeling for Laser-Assisted Machining of Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Complex Features (2005)

The feasibility of laser-assisted machining (LAM) and its potential to significantly reduce fabrication costs and improve product quality have been shown experimentally for various ceramic materials. However, no systematical investigation has been performed to expand LAMs capability to parts with complex features, although such capability is essential for industrial applications. This paper presents a transient, three-dimensional thermal model developed for LAM of workpieces with complex geometric features and its validation by in-process surface temperature measurements with an infrared camera. It is shown that the LAM experiments designed based on the predictions by the thermal model successfully produced silicon nitride parts with complex features, thus demonstrating the capabilities of LAM in fabricating ceramic parts suitable for industrial implementation.
Phosphoprotein Profiling by PA-GeLC−MS/MS (2008)

A significant consequence of protein phosphorylation is to alter protein-protein interactions, leading to dynamic regulation of the components of protein complexes that direct many core biological processes. Recent proteomic studies have populated databases with extensive compilations of cellular phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites and a similarly deep coverage of the subunit compositions and interactions in multiprotein complexes. However, considerably less data are available on the dynamics of phosphorylation, composition of multiprotein complexes or that define their interdependence. We describe a method to identify candidate phosphoprotein complexes by combining phosphoprotein affinity chromatography, separation by size, denaturing gel electrophoresis, protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry, and informatics analysis. Toward developing phosphoproteome profiling, we have isolated native phosphoproteins using a phosphoprotein affinity matrix, Pro-Q Diamond resin (Molecular Probes-Invitrogen). This resin quantitatively retains phosphoproteins and associated proteins from cell extracts. Pro-Q Diamond purification of a yeast whole cell extract followed by 1-D PAGE separation, proteolysis and ESI LC-MS/MS, a method we term PA-GeLC-MS/MS, yielded 108 proteins, a majority of which were known phosphoproteins. To identify proteins that were purified as parts of phosphoprotein complexes, the Pro-Q eluate was separated into two fractions by size, <100 kDa and >100 kDa, before analysis by PAGE and ESI LC-MS/MS and the component proteins queried against databases to identify protein-protein interactions. The <100 kDa fraction was enriched in phosphoproteins indicating the presence of monomeric phosphoproteins. The >100 kDa fraction contained 171 proteins of 20-80 kDa, nearly all of which participate in known protein-protein interactions. Of these 171, few are known phosphoproteins, consistent with their purification by participation in protein complexes. By comparing the results of our phosphoprotein profiling with the informational databases on phosphoproteomics, protein-protein interactions and protein complexes, we have developed an approach to examining the correlation between protein interactions and protein phosphorylation.
A Web navigation tool for the blind (1998)

The aim of our work is to make the wealth of information on the World Wide Web more readily available to blind people. They must be able to search efficiently for relevant information and make quick and effective decisions about the usefulness of pages they retrieve. We have built a prototype application called BrookesTalk which we believe addresses this need more fully than ouier Web browsers. Information retrieval techniques are used to provide a set of complementary options which summarise a Web page and enable rapid decisions about its usefulness.