gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Massive MIMO: A Diversity Combining Method for TDD Reciprocity Calibration (2017)

Distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DM-MIMO) gives a higher spectral efficiency and enhanced coverage area, compared to collocated massive MIMO (CM-MIMO). In general, for massive MIMO, time division duplex is preferable as it enables downlink (DL) precoding based on uplink (UL) channel estimation. A time division duplex (TDD) reciprocity calibration is then essential to compensate the gap between the UL-DL channels, which can be done completely in the base station relying on sounding reference signals (SRS). For a collocated array, relying on mutual coupling between antenna elements, each SRS is received with sufficient power in the array, enabling a reliable estimate of the calibration coefficients. Nevertheless, for DM-MIMO, much less power is collected in distant inter-cluster antennas which degrades the accuracy of the estimated calibration. In this paper, we propose a novel inter-cluster combining method (ICCM) which improves the signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) of the SRS, and hence achieves a more robust calibration accuracy for practical DM-MIMO systems. Our experimental results of two 32-antenna arrays distributed in an indoor environment show that ICCM outperforms the existing state-of-the-art algorithms in the sense of lower DL error vector magnitude (EVM) by exploiting diversity and array gain efficiently.
Lessons Learned From Molecular Biology of Insulin-Gene Mutations (1990)

Studies on naturally occurring and man-made mutations in the insulin gene have provided new insights into insulin biosynthesis, action, and metabolism. Ten families have been identified in which one or more members have single-point mutations in their insulin genes that result in amino acid substitutions within the proinsulin molecule. Six of these cause the secretion of biologically defective insulin molecules due to changes within the A or B chains. Replacing A3-Val with Leu, B24-Phe with Ser, or B25-Phe with Leu results in molecules that have essentially normal immunoreactivity but greatly reduced insulin-receptor-binding potency. Individuals with these mutations have a syndrome of mild diabetes or glucose intolerance, which is inherited in an autosomal-dominant mode and is associated with hyperinsulinemia and altered insulin-C-peptide ratios. Although affected individuals are heterozygous and coexpress both normal and abnormal molecules, the elevated circulating insulin consists mainly of the biologically defective form, which accumulates because it fails to be rapidly metabolized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Four additional families have mutations that are associated with relatively asymptomatic hyperproinsulinemia. A point mutation affecting proinsulin occurs in 3 of the 4 families, leading to replacement of Arg-65 by His, which prevents recognition of the C-peptide-A-chain dibasic cleavage site by the appropriate beta-cell processing protease and results in the circulation of a type II proinsulin intermediate form (des 64, 65 HPI). Members of a fourth family with hyperproinsulinemia have a substitution of B10-His with Asp, resulting in a proinsulin that exhibits markedly altered subcellular sorting behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Primary Uncemented Harris-Galante Acetabular Components in Patients 50 Years Old or Younger (2004)

Seventy-three patients (84 hips) 50 years or younger were treated with primary total hip arthroplasty using the Harris-Galante uncemented acetabular component. At a median followup of 10 years, there were seven acetabular metal shell revisions: five for osteolysis and one each for aseptic loosening and dislocation. There were 10 polyethylene exchanges without metal acetabular shell removal. None of the unrevised acetabular components was radiographically loose, but eight had pelvic osteolysis. The rate of 10-year survival without revision of the acetabular metal shell was 87.9% (95% confidence interval, 80.1%-95.7%). The same rate of survival without revision for aseptic acetabular component loosening was 97.3% (95% confidence interval, 92.9%-100%). Revision for aseptic acetabular loosening or polyethylene liner exchange or both was 84.5% (95% confidence interval, 75.8%-93.4%).
Tasco-Forage: II. Monocyte immune cell response and performance of beef steers grazing tall fescue treated with a seaweed extract. (2001)

Effects of applying Tasco-Forage, an Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product prepared by a proprietary process, to endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin)-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were studied in each of 3 yr (1995, 1996, and 1997) in Virginia and in 1996 and 1997 in Mississippi. There were 48 steers at each location in each year (n = 240) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two replications at each location. Steers in Virginia were Angus and Angus x Hereford with initial weights of 245 kg (SD = 20), 234 kg (SD = 9), and 265 kg (SD = 5) in yr 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Steers in Mississippi were 3/4 Angus and 1/4 Brahman and weighed 230 kg (SD = 8) and 250 kg (SD = 2) in yr 2 and 3, respectively. Tasco (3.4 kg/ha) was dissolved in water and applied to pastures in April before grazing was begun and again in July at the same rate. The grazing period was from mid-April to late September or mid-October. Total gains were higher (P < 0.05) for steers grazing uninfected than for those grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. Rectal temperatures were increased (P < 0.05) due to endophyte infection at both locations; Tasco application decreased temperature of steers grazing infected fescue in Virginia (interaction, P < 0.07) but increased temperatures of steers grazing infected fescue in Mississippi (interaction, P < 0.05). Presence of the endophyte resulted in rough hair coats and loss of hair color, but the effect was partially offset (P < 0.05) by Tasco application in Virginia in 1995. Both monocyte phagocytic activity (all years and locations) and major histocompatibility complex class II expression (1995 only) were decreased (P < 0.05) in steers due to endophyte infection, but this effect was reversed (P < 0.05) by application of Tasco to pastures. Application of the extract from A. nodosum seems to have use in alleviating adverse effects of endophyte on immune function and may improve hair coat condition in cattle grazing infected fescue, but effects on rectal temperature varied due to location.
Fundamentals of insect physiology. (1985)

INSECT PHYSIOLOGY: PROBLEMS IN TERMINOLOGY (M. Blum). Circulatory Systems (J. Woodring). Nutrition and Digestive Organs (J. McFarlane). Excretory Systems (D. Cochran). The Integument (H. Hepburn). Respiratory Systems (J. Nation). Muscle Systems (T. Smyth, Jr ). Nervous System: Electrical Events (D. Shankland and J. Frazier). Nervous System: Sensory System (J. Eaton). Nervous System: Functional Role (J. Eaton). Behavioral Physiology (W. Tschinkel). Reproductive Systems (S. Berry). Intermediary Metabolism (S. Friedman). Hormone Action During Insect Development (H. Oberlander). Exocrine Systems (M. Blum). Index.
TNFα-induced macrophage chemokine secretion is more dependent on NF-κB expression than lipopolysaccharides-induced macrophage chemokine secretion (2002)

The transcription factor NF-kappaB is a pivotal intracellular regulator of many inflammatory responses and it has been proposed that it represents a potential therapeutic target. As chemokines are important for the progress of an inflammatory response by the recruitment of immuno-competent cells, the role NF-kappaB plays in TNFalpha- or lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced chemokine secretion by human monocyte-derived macrophages was examined. Secretion of the CXC chemokines IL-8, GROalpha and ENA-78, induced by TNFalpha, was significantly suppressed by inhibiting NF-kappaB, using overexpression of IkappaBalpha. However, when induced by LPS the expression of these chemokines was unaffected. In contrast, expression of the CC chemokines MIP-1alpha, MCP-1 and RANTES inducedby TNFalpha or LPS was significantly inhibited by the overexpression of IkappaBalpha. Therefore, there appear to be different mechanisms regulating CC and CXC chemokine secretion by macrophages, depending on the stimulus and that TNFalpha and LPS can use different signaling mechanisms in macrophages to regulate chemokine synthesis.
A new approach for hand-waving detection in crowds (2013)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to detect hand-waving motion in crowds. Different from previous approaches which are often based on segmentation and motion detection, our method can be seen as a complexity reduction process from the problem of 3D motion detection to 2D object detection. Through arranging the same row of per video frame along the time sequence, we obtain 2D images composed of traces of moving object, and in these images hand-waving motion are represented as 2D patterns which have strong periodicity. Considering the similarity between these patterns, we first use Chamfer Distance Matching to locate the patterns' position roughly. Then we convert 2D patterns to 1D signals and apply Fourier Transformation to these signals. Finally, we identify a region as a hand-waving one, if its intensity spectrum of Fourier Transformation of 1D signals has a peak response between specified locations, and the value of the peak is greater than a threshold. Experiments on two self-built hand-waving datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can detect hand-waving motion effectively.
Muscle regeneration: molecular aspects and therapeutic implications (1999)

With respect to diverse clinical applications for muscle regeneration, this paper discusses the latest markers for identifying skeletal muscle precursor cells in regenerating muscle, the implications of alternative sources of myogenic precursor cells and putative stem cells, and the current status of administration of exogenous factors to enhance muscle repair.
Augmented touch without visual obtrusion (2009)

Visuo-haptic mixed reality consists of adding to a real scene the ability to see and touch virtual objects. It requires the use of see-through display technology for visually mixing real and virtual objects, and haptic devices for adding haptic interaction with the virtual objects. However, haptic devices tend to be bulky items that appear in the field of view of the user. In this work, we propose a novel mixed reality paradigm where it is possible to touch and see virtual objects in combination with a real scene, but without visual obtrusion produced by the haptic device. This mixed reality paradigm relies on the following three technical steps: tracking of the haptic device, visual deletion of the device from the real scene, and background completion using image-based models. We have developed a successful proof-of-concept implementation, where a user can touch virtual objects in the context of a real scene.
Text comparison using word vector representations and dimensionality\n reduction (2016)

This paper describes a technique to compare large text sources using word\nvector representations (word2vec) and dimensionality reduction (t-SNE) and how\nit can be implemented using Python. The technique provides a bird's-eye view of\ntext sources, e.g. text summaries and their source material, and enables users\nto explore text sources like a geographical map. Word vector representations\ncapture many linguistic properties such as gender, tense, plurality and even\nsemantic concepts like "capital city of". Using dimensionality reduction, a 2D\nmap can be computed where semantically similar words are close to each other.\nThe technique uses the word2vec model from the gensim Python library and t-SNE\nfrom scikit-learn.\n
A new, small-sized transmission line impedance transformer, with applications in high-speed optoelectronics (1992)

A small-sized transmission line transformer (TLT) which matches 50- Omega circuits to low-input resistance components, such as semiconductor lasers and PIN photodiodes, is described. This TLT is formed by different coplanar waveguide configurations and printed on a very high-dielectric constant substrate ( in /sub r/=80). This TLT considerably improves the temporal response of high-speed photodiodes as compared with the conventional coupling scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genotype/Phenotype Analyses for 53 Crohn’s Disease Associated Genetic Polymorphisms (2012)

It is not recommended to genotype the studied polymorphisms in routine practice.
A Systematically Designed Binary Array Processor (1980)

A class of binary array processors (BAP) have evolved over the past 20 years primarily intended for image-processing applications. The advent of large-scale integrated-circuit technology makes the construction of these processors feasible. In this paper three basic instruction types that characterize a BAP are defined and the systematic design of a processor called BASE is described in detail. Two forms of BASE are discussed, a fully parallel version and an add-on unit for a conventional computer. The systematic design has enabled an assembly language with a simple, APL-like syntax to be developed. Several program examples to illustrate features of the processor are given.
Marx - and Marx-Like - High-Voltage Generators (1971)

Major developments have taken place in the art of Marx generating in recent years. The rationales, modi operandi and relative merits of these developments are discussed in an attempt at exegesis and classification.
Characterization of self-heating in advanced VLSI interconnect lines based on thermal finite element simulation (1998)

In this paper, self-heating of interconnects has been shown to affect the lifetime of next generation integrated circuits significantly more severely than today's. The paper proves the necessity for extending the system of design rules, proposes a thermal design rule, and presents an efficient and quantitatively accurate thermal simulator as tool for the design process.
A filter bank algorithm for hand vascular pattern biometrics (2004)

This paper presents a design of an algorithm for hand vascular pattern extraction algorithm, which is specifically designed for person verification applications. The algorithm is based on a filter bank approach since it applies two different filters to the input hand images; one for effective extraction of normal state blood vessels (normal mode filter) and the other for effective extraction of thin vessels and vessels in a contracted state (enhancement mode filter). We combine output of both filters to obtain the final hand vascular patterns. The filter bank approach has been proven to prevent possible loss of connectivity of vascular patterns in severe variations of weather temperature. In addition, the proposed NMF and EMF are designed to have filter coefficients in the form of power of two, which can be realized using fixed-point operators, and reduces hardware complexity dramatically. In order to evaluate the design, a prototype system has been implemented utilizing a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The prototype system shows approximately five-times better verification error rate than the conventional single filter algorithm. And the person verification speed including feature extraction time is measured to be 133[ms/person].
The Innate Immune Response to<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium by Macrophages Is Dependent on TREM2-DAP12 (2008)

Macrophage recognition of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium leads to a cascade of signaling events, including the activation of Src family and Syk kinases and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for host innate defense during early stages of bacterial infection. ROS production depends on the NADPH oxidase, but little is known about the innate immune receptors and proximal adapters that regulate Salmonella-induced ROS. Herein, we demonstrate that serovar Typhimurium induces ROS through a pathway that requires both triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and DAP12. This pathway is highly analogous to the pathways utilized by Fc receptors and integrins to regulate ROS production. Oral infection of mice with serovar Typhimurium demonstrates that the DAP12-dependent pathway regulates cecal colonization during early stages of Salmonella infection. Thus, DAP12 is an important regulator of Salmonella-induced ROS production in macrophages, and TREM2 is essential for linking DAP12 to the innate response to serovar Typhimurium.
Hyperspectral pixel classification from coded-aperture compressive imaging (2012)

This paper describes a new approach and its associated theoretical performance guarantees for supervised hyperspectral image classification from compressive measurements obtained by a Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging System (CASSI). In one snapshot, the two-dimensional focal plane array (FPA) in the CASSI system captures the coded and spectrally dispersed source field of a three-dimensional data cube. Multiple snapshots are used to construct a set of compressive spectral measurements. The proposed approach is based on the concept that each pixel in the hyper-spectral image lies in a low-dimensional subspace obtained from the training samples, and thus it can be represented as a sparse linear combination of vectors in the given subspace. The sparse vector representing the test pixel is then recovered from the set of compressive spectral measurements and it is used to determine the class label of the test pixel. The theoretical performance bounds of the classifier exploit the distance preservation condition satisfied by the multiple shot CASSI system and depend on the number of measurements collected, code aperture pattern, and similarity between spectral signatures in the dictionary. Simulation experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed classification approach.
Cytosine-cytosine+ base pairing stabilizes DNA quadruplexes and cytosine methylation greatly enhances the effect (1993)

Previous spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the oligodeoxynucleotide d(CGC G3 GCG) undergoes a reversible cation-dependent transition between Watson-Crick (WC) hairpin and parallel-stranded "G-DNA" quadruplex structures [Hardin, C.C., Watson, T., Corregan, M., & Bailey, C. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 833-841]. The relative stabilities of the structures were assessed as a function of pH, and it was found that the quadruplex was substantially stabilized (delta Tm = +15 degrees C) when the pH was shifted from 7.5 to 6 (apparent pKa = 6.8). In the present study, the effects of different cations and pH on four specific sequence varients were determined to test the proposal that this stabilization is due to C.C+ base pair formation mediated by N3-protonation of cytosine. Characteristically large differences in stability were observed when structures formed by d(TAT G3 ATA) and d(TAT G4 ATA) were thermally dissociated at pH 7 in the presence of different cations, verifying that Gn tracts bordered by TAT- and -ATA sequences form quadruplex structures. Imino proton NMR results indicate that the d(m5C G m5C G3 G m5C G)4 and d(TAT G4 ATA)4 quadruplex structures are parallel-stranded. It was necessary to increase the K+ concentration from 40 mM to ca. 200 mM to stabilize d(TAT G3 ATA)4, while the d(TAT G4 ATA)4 complex was nearly as stable as the quadruplex formed by d(CGC G3 GCG) under the same conditions. The d(TAT G4 ATA)4 quadruplex was only slightly stabilized at pH 6 relative to pH 7.5 (delta Tm = +3 degrees C), confirming that the unique stabilization that occurs in the pH 6.8 range with [d(CGC Gn GCG)4.ionn] complexes is due to the C residues. The sequence d(m5C G m5C G3 G m5C G) was found to form a very stable quadruplex in K+ or Ca2+. As with the quadruplex formed by the unmethylated analog, the stability is greatly enhanced when the pH is decreased below about 7.2 (pKa,obs = 6.8). Dissociation kinetic constants and activation energies were determined for quadruplexes formed by d(CGC G3 GCG), d(m5C G m5C G3 G m5C G) and d(TAT G4 ATA). Quantitative comparisons showed that methylation produces a complex that is much more stable at pH 7 in 40 mM Na+ than either of the unmodified structures; the rate-limiting activation energy for dissociation of d(CGC G3 GCG)4 was 22 kcal mol-1 less than for the methylated analog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A low-phase noise 5-GHz CCNF colpitts VCO with parallel-branch inductors (2005)

In this paper, we propose both the 5 GHz CCNF Colpitts LC-tank VCO with less flicker noise upconversion and the parallel-branch inductor with 12 % Q-factor improvement. The proposed CCNF Colpitts LC-tank VCO suppresses flicker noise induced low-frequency noise of the conventional Colpitts differential pair as well as the high-frequency thermal noise of tail current. Therefore, the proposed CCNF LC-tank VCO represents about 25-dB improvement of phase noise compared to the conventional Colpitts LC-tank VCO. In this paper, two kinds of VCOs have been manufactured using SiGe HBT process technology, and consume 12 mA at 2 V bias voltage.
New selection method to improve the population diversity in genetic algorithms (2003)

We present a new method of selection, in order to improve the population diversity in the genotype distribution, in genetic algorithms (GAs). The problem of maintaining of the population diversity is very important in designing genetic operators, when GAs are applied to optimization problems. Therefore, we propose two types of new selection operators based on the correlations between individuals' genotypes, for improving the population diversity. The first operator is a new type of selection for reproduction, namely the correlative tournament selection. The second operator is a new type of selection for survival, namely correlative family-based selection. We have applied our GA to two different problems: Royal road problems, and Knapsack problems with non-stationary environments. We have compared our method with the other representative GA model, and have shown the effectiveness of the proposed GA models.
Development of Biodegradable Microcapsules as Carrier for Oral Controlled Delivery of Amifostine (2002)

The primary objective of this project was to develop a biodegradable, orally active controlled-release formulation of amifostine. Development of such a formulation will mark an important advancement in the areas of chemoprotection and radioprotection. Biodegradable microcapsules of amifostine were prepared using poly(lactide/glycolide) (PLGA 50:50). The microcapsules were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Amifostine-loaded microcapsules were evaluated for particle size, surface morphology, thermal characteristics, and drug release. Particle size and surface morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal characterization was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro release study was performed at 37 degrees C using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Amifostine release was calculated by measuring the amount of drug remaining within the microcapsules at a specific sampling time. The amount of amifostine in the samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an electrochemical detector. The yield of microcapsules was 75%. Scanning electron microscopy pictures revealed that the particles were nearly spherical and smooth with an average size of 54 microm. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms showed that microcapsules loaded with amifostine have a glass transition at 39.4 degrees C, and the melting endotherm of amifostine was absent. The absence of a melting endotherm for amifostine was an indication that amifostine was not in the crystalline state in the microcapsules, but rather in the form of a solid solution in PLGA. Approximately 50% amifostine was released during the first 6 hr of the in vitro release study. The drug, however, continued to release over the observed period of 12 hr during which 92% amifostine was released.