gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on distribution characteristics of corneal asphericity of myopic eyes (2015)

Objective
To evaluate the distribution characteristics of the asphericity (Q-value) of the corneal surfaces in a Chinese population who were candidates for excimer laser surgery; to provide some theoretical bases for clinical diagnosis and treatment.


Methods
This was a perspective study. Using the Pentacam HR measuring and analyzing system based on Scheimpflug photography, the right eyes of 75 Chinese myopes were evaluated for excimer laser surgery. Patients were divided into a low corneal astigmatism (<+1.00 D) group and a medium-high corneal astigmatism (≥+1.00 D) group according to the anterior corneal surface astigmatism. The analysis was based on the distribution characteristics of the mean Q-values of both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and the distribution characteristics of the Q-value at different angles (20°, 25° and 30°) and along different semi-meridians (superior, inferior, nasal and temporal). Single factor analysis of variance was used to determine if there was a difference among Q-values within a particular group. The differences between the two groups were analyzed by an independent samplest-test.


Results
The mean Q-values of the 30° angle in Chinese myopes evaluated for excimer laser surgery were-0.17±0.09 and-0.02±0.16 on the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, respectively. The mean Q-values of the anterior corneal surface at different angles were negative and there was no statistically significant difference between the low corneal astigmatism group and medium-high corneal astigmatism group. There was a significant difference between the Q-values of the 2 groups at different angles (F=6.340, 9.963,P 0.05). In the medium-high corneal astigmatism group, QT30 was significantly bigger than QN30(P QN30 and QI30>QS30, but there was no statistically significant difference between QT30 and QS30.


Conclusion
The curvature along the anterior corneal surface becomes flatter from the center to the periphery, while it becomes steeper from the center to the periphery at the posterior corneal surface. The rate of the flattening of the anterior corneal surface increased as the range of the angle increased, while the rate decreased as the posterior corneal surface decreased. All the shapes on the anterior surface along different semi-meridians were long ovals. Corneal astigmatism does not affect corneal shape. The shapes of the posterior surface along the superior and inferior semi-meridians were short ovals, but were long ovals along the nasal and temporal semi-meridians.


Key words: 
Cornea; Asphericity; Scheimpflug Photography
A Sequence Alignment Algorithm with an Arbitrary Gap Penalty Function (2001)

An algorithm for aligning biological sequences is presented that is an adaptation of the sequence generating function approach used in the statistical mechanics of biopolymers. This algorithm uses recursion relationships developed from a partition function formalism of alignment probabilities. It is implemented within a dynamic programming format that closely resembles the forward algorithm used in hidden Markov models (HMM). The algorithm aligns sequences or structures according to the statistically dominant alignment path and will be referred to as the SDP algorithm. An advantage of this method over previous ones is that it allows more complicated and physically realistic gap penalty functions to be incorporated into the algorithm in a facile manner. The performance of this algorithm in a case study of aligning the heavy and light chain from the variable region of an immunoglobulin is investigated.
Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in patients with multiple myeloma. (1996)

Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals are known to be the mediators of phenotypic and genotypic changes that lead from mutation to neoplasia. The imbalance in tumor cell antioxidant defense mechanism can influence also the sensitivity to cytoreductive therapy. In erythrocytes it can result to hemolysis which is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of anemia in cancer patients. Parameters of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde-MDA) and antioxidant enzymes here represented by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in multiple myeloma (MM) have been investigated. Nine patients of various clinical stages and activities of the disease were studied. Significantly higher concentrations of total MDA in plasma (1.20 +/- 0.24 mumol/l vs. 0.64 +/- 0.22 mumol/l, p < 0.0001) as well as in erythrocytes (2.72 +/- 0.81 mumol/l vs. 1.03 +/- 0.44 mumol/l, p < 0.0001) were found comparing to the control group. The levels of free MDA in plasma (0.31 +/- 0.09 mumol/l vs. 0.49 +/- 0.17 mumol/l, p < 0.05) and in erythrocytes (0.29 +/- 0.20 mumol/l vs. 0.59 +/- 0.22 mumol/l, p < 0.001) were decreased in myeloma patients. Significantly lower activities of GPx (19.17 +/- 4.07 U/g Hb vs. 23.26 +/- 3.61 U/g Hb, p < 0.05) and SOD (1882.46 +/- 181.73 U/g Hb vs. 2347.13 +/- 502.51 U/g Hb, p < 0.05) in erythrocytes were found. We did not observe evident relationship between the concentration of MDA or the activities of SOD and GPx and either the stage of the disease, or the level and the type of paraprotein. These results propose possible role of free radicals with reduced antioxidant activities of SOD and GPx in multiple myeloma.
Reversible Hydrogels from Self-Assembling Genetically Engineered Protein Block Copolymers (2005)

A series of triblock protein copolymers composed of a central water-soluble polyelectrolyte segment flanked by two coiled-coil domains was synthesized by genetic engineering methods. The copolymers self-assembled into reversible hydrogels in response to changes in temperature, pH, and the presence or absence of denaturating agent (guanidine hydrochloride, GdnHCl). Hydrogel formation was concentration-dependent, and the concentration needed for hydrogel formation correlated with the oligomerization state of the coiled-coil domains in the protein copolymers. The morphology of the hydrogels, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated the presence of porous interconnected networks. The thermal stabilities and self-assembling properties of the protein copolymers were successfully controlled by manipulating the amino acid sequences of the coiled-coil domains. The stimuli responsiveness and reversibility of the hydrogel self-assembly suggest that these protein copolymers may have potential in biomedical applications.
Miniaturized Paper-Based Gene Sensor for Rapid and Sensitive Identification of Contagious Plant Virus (2014)

Plant viruses cause significant production and economic losses in the agricultural industry worldwide. Rapid and early identification of contagious plant viruses is an essential prerequisite for the effective control of further spreading of infection. In this work, we describe a miniaturized paper-based gene sensor for the rapid and sensitive identification of a contagious plant virus. Our approach makes use of hybridization-mediated target capture based on a miniaturized lateral flow platform and gold nanoparticle colorimetric probes. The captured colorimetric probes on the test line and control line of the gene sensor produce characteristic red bands, enabling visual detection of the amplified products within minutes without the need for sophisticated instruments or the multiple incubation and washing steps performed in most other assays. Quantitative analysis is realized by recording the optical intensity of the test line. The sensor was used successfully for the identification of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). The detection limit was 0.13 aM of gene segment, which is 10 times higher than that of electrophoresis and provides confirmation of the amplified products. We believe that this simple, rapid, and sensitive bioactive platform has great promise for warning against plant diseases in agricultural production.
Blood Group ABO and Lewis Antigens in Fetal and Normal Adult Bladder Urothelium: Immunohistochemical Study of Type 1 Chain Structures (1987)

Five monoclonal antibodies specific for structural variants of type 1 chain blood group antigens (H, Lea, Leb, A, ALeb) were used to study the distribution of these particular antigens in normal bladder urothelium. The urothelium samples were taken from seven human fetuses (aged seven to 21 weeks) and 19 adults. The adults were blood group A and O individuals, and their antigen expression was compared to ABO, secretor, and erythrocyte Lewis status. Detailed data on the histological location of the antigens were obtained by means of immunohistochemical methods. In fetuses expression of Lewis a and A antigens was stage-dependent, whereas the Lewis b and H antigens were consistently present at all stages. In adults the urothelial blood group antigen expression seemed to be correlated to ABO and secretor status, but not to erythrocyte Lewis type. Secretors expressed primarily ABO isoantigens on their cell membranes, whereas non-secretors (four individuals) expressed inappropriate Lewis antigens. Examination of the histological distribution of the antigens showed results different from earlier examined epithelia. In adult bladder urothelium from A secretors, only the most complex antigens (Leb, A, ALeb) were present in the basal germinative cell layer, whereas the luminal umbrella cell layer expressed both these antigens and showed a unique expression of less complex precursor antigens (H, Lea), as well as sialylated Lewis a antigens.
Microprogrammable hardware abstraction layer for flexible automation (2009)

Nowadays, one important goal of automation is to optimize the complete work and material flow under the constraints of energy consumption, quality and throughput. As a matter of fact, the whole control process should be flexible and reconfigurable which targets the three levels of the control pyramid (ERP, MES, Field). In the context of our ongoing research project LK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> S an agent platform is under construction which enables optimization and flexibility. This paper discusses the design and development of a hardware abstraction layer for the lowest level of the control pyramid which offers all services needed by the agent platform and which allows links between work orders and tasks of the field level, e.g. a robot has to mount a tire. Field level tasks are elementary commands composed of a sequence of atomic operations. These tasks play a similar role as microcode for CPUs. Since every task operates individually it can be scheduled so that multiple concurrent actions can be serialized in a way that real-time requirements are still met. Even at runtime, new tasks can be dynamically defined, transferred, activated and deleted within the field level.
Ginsenoside-Ra1 and ginsenoside-Ra2, new dammarane-saponins of ginseng roots. (1982)

Two new dammarane-saponins, named ginsenoside-Ra1 (1) and ginsenoside-Ra2 (2) were isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER by means of chromatography on silica gel and reversed phase chromatography on highly porous polymer. The structures of saponins 1 and 2 were established to be 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside-20-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside and 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside-20-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
Genetic Susceptibility to Retinopathy of Prematurity (2006)

In addition to prematurity and environmental factors, there is a strong genetic predisposition to retinopathy of prematurity.
A BRIEF REPORT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES IN EIGHTY-THREE CITIES (1924)

A BRIEF REPORT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES IN EIGHTY-THREE CITIES Affiliation Margaret K. Stack CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.14.1.22 Published Online: August 30, 2011
Identification of biological molecules in situ at high resolution via the fluorescence excited by a scanning electron beam. (1976)

Proteins, nucleic acids, and fluorescein-conjugated antibody are shown to be identifidable in situ via the fluorescence excited by the focused electron beam of a canning electron microscope. A molecular species is identified by its characteristic fluorescence spectrum and by a characteristic alteration of the spectrum with time under the electron beam. Primary protein fluorescence is relatively rapidly destroyed by the beam, but protein photoproduct fluorescence is more rugged and will in some cases permit detection of small numbers of protein molecules. Nucleic acid fluorescence is extremely long-lived and will permit detection of small numbers of nucleic acid residues. The theoretical resolution limit for localization of a particular molecular species -- about 20 A--is determined by the known maximum distance for molecular excitation by fast electrons. Drect extapolation from an observed resolution of 900 A in the localization of nucleic acid using a low-efficiency detector leads to an experimental resolution limit of less than 60 A. Fluorescence is strongly quenched by residual water in the specimen. Similar quenching is produced by some macromolecular associations and so may serve to localize such associations.
Determination of Thermal Expansion by High-Temperature X-Ray Diffraction (1961)

Abstract Two high-temperature X-ray diffraction cameras are described which have been employed at Battelle to determine thermal expansion of metals and ceramic materials. Specimen preparation and temperature measurement and control are described. Lattice-parameter data vs. temperature are presented for uranium, uranium dioxide, and magnesium oxide.
Hypericum Treatment of Mild Depressions with Somatic Symptoms (1994)

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 39 patients with depression with somatic symptoms were treated with hypericum extract LI 160. The therapy lasted for 4 weeks; the dosage was 300 mg three times daily. At the onset of the study as well as after 2 and 4 weeks, the following criteria were analyzed: HAMD, B-L, CGI, and vegetative symptoms. The results show a significant improvement in the active treatment group at the 5% level as compared to placebo. Seventy percent of the patients treated with LI 160 were free of symptoms after 4 weeks. Typical symptoms of the depression such as lack of activity, tiredness, fatigue, and disturbed sleep, were especially responsive. In no case were any undesirable side effects observed.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Febrile Infants Without Respiratory Distress (2020)

We report 2 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) in infants presenting with fever in the absence of respiratory distress who required hospitalization for evaluation of possible invasive bacterial infections. The diagnoses resulted from routine isolation and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-based testing for SARS-CoV-2 for febrile infants in an outbreak setting.
Evaluation of DNA Amplification Methods for Improved Detection of “<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Species” Associated with Citrus Huanglongbing (2007)

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening or citrus yellow shoot, is considered the most serious disease of citrus worldwide. The disease has Asian, African, and American forms caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus", "Ca. L. africanus", and "Ca. L. americanus", respectively, which can be spread efficiently by the psyllid vectors Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytreae and through contaminated plant materials. Infected citrus groves are usually destroyed or become unproductive in 5 to 8 years. The presumed low concentration and uneven distribution of the pathogens in citrus plants and vector insects make the phloem-limited bacterium difficult to detect consistently. In this study, we compared and validated four conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocols, one loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol, and three TaqMan real-time PCR protocols. The detection sensitivity of the validated conventional PCR assays reported are improved compared with the original protocols. All of the validated conventional and the newly developed real-time methods were reliable for confirmatory tests for the presence of "Ca. Liberibacter spp." in symptomatic samples. There were no differences in assay specificity among the standard format PCR-based methods evaluated. The TaqMan real-time PCR was 10- to 100-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR and LAMP, showing the potential to become a valuable tool for early detection and identification of "Ca. Liberibacter spp." prior to the appearance of disease symptoms. The methods validated in this study will be very useful for regulatory response, effective management of infected trees, and development of a "Ca. Liberibacter spp."-free nursery system.
A multi-sensor integrated head-mounted display setup for augmented reality applications (2015)

We present an HMD based AR system comprising visual and inertial sensors. The visual sensor is a camera pair and the inertial sensors consist of an accelerometer and a gyroscope. We discuss the temporal and spatial calibration issues that relate to such a system. We introduce simple yet effective methods for estimating the time lag between the camera and the inertial sensors and for estimating the relative pose between the camera and the inertial sensors. These methods do not require a complicated setup for data collection and involve simple equations to solve. Sample results are presented to demonstrate the visual performance of the system.
VEGF-Dependent Conjunctivalization of the Corneal Surface (2003)

Two important features of corneal conjunctivalization, the appearance of goblet cells and neovascularization, are regulated by VEGF. Both processes are probably mediated, in part, through the Flt-1 receptor. Taken together, these data indicate that an anti-VEGF therapeutic approach may limit the visual loss associated with conjunctivalization of the corneal surface.
Cathode ray tubes and their application (1934)

Several distinctive types of cathode ray tubes are described in this paper, starting with a brief description of the Braun type and followed by more detailed descriptions of recently developed types. The characteristics, the selection for a given application, and the operation of sealed-off gas-focused types and of high vacuum types are discussed. Also auxiliary apparatus is considered; and applications of cathode ray tubes are suggested briefly.
Cyclopentenyl Cytosine (CPEC): An Overview of its in vitro and in vivo Activity (2007)

The experimental cytotoxic drug cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC) is an analogue of cytidine. Besides its antiviral effect, its potential use in the treatment of cancer has become an important area of research. CPEC is activated by intracellular phosphorylation ultimately forming its metabolite CPEC-TP. CPEC-TP is a non competitive inhibitor of cytidine-5'-triphosphate synthetase (CTP-synthetase), an important enzyme in the formation of CTP. Studies have shown that cancer cells have a high CTP synthetase activity, thus making them interesting targets for chemotherapy. CPEC has been preclinically studied in different malignancy models. In vitro results on leukemia show activity in the nanomolar range on several cell lines. However in vivo results are conflicting and the findings vary from increase in life span over 100% to only limited effectiveness. Interesting results have been obtained in colorectal and neuroblastoma cells. In several neuroblastoma cell lines incubation with CPEC in combination with cytarabine or gemcitabine has resulted in increased cell death compared to incubation with with only one of the agents. CPEC has been studied in a phase I trial in patients with solid tumors. In five of 26 patients unexplained cardiotoxicity (extreme hypotension) occurred. The cardiotoxic effects could not be reproduced in animal models. However, precautions should be taken when using this drug in future clinical trials. Low dosage of CPEC seems necessary and intensive cardiac monitoring is advisable. In this manuscript, it is demonstrated that CPEC has an anti-cancer effect in several tumor models: CPEC might be a potentially useful drug in anticancer treatment.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1999)

Recent studies have improved our understanding of the cytogenesis, biology, and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This review highlights this recent progress reported over the past year. We have improved our understanding of the cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL and soon may see identification of new tumor suppressor genes that may be deleted in the leukemia cells of a large number of patients with this disease. We have achieved a better understanding of the surface antigens that help govern the pattern of tissue-infiltration of leukemia cells in vivo. Studies on the immune pathophysiology of CLL are providing clues to potential mechanisms leading to the immunodeficiency associated with this disease. Combination chemotherapy with purine analogues is showing promise for improved efficacy in CLL. Finally, new therapies incorporating bone marrow transplantation, and possibly gene therapy, increasingly are being considered for the therapy of patients with this disease.
Molecular and Electronic Structure of the Peptide Subunit of <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> Conductive Pili from First Principles (2012)

The respiration of metal oxides by the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens requires the assembly of a small peptide (the GS pilin) into conductive filaments termed pili. We gained insights into the contribution of the GS pilin to the pilus conductivity by developing a homology model and performing molecular dynamics simulations of the pilin peptide in vacuo and in solution. The results were consistent with a predominantly helical peptide containing the conserved α-helix region required for pilin assembly but carrying a short carboxy-terminal random-coiled segment rather than the large globular head of other bacterial pilins. The electronic structure of the pilin was also explored from first principles and revealed a biphasic charge distribution along the pilin and a low electronic HOMO-LUMO gap, even in a wet environment. The low electronic band gap was the result of strong electrostatic fields generated by the alignment of the peptide bond dipoles in the pilin's α-helix and by charges from ions in solution and amino acids in the protein. The electronic structure also revealed some level of orbital delocalization in regions of the pilin containing aromatic amino acids and in spatial regions of high resonance where the HOMO and LUMO states are, which could provide an optimal environment for the hopping of electrons under thermal fluctuations. Hence, the structural and electronic features of the pilin revealed in these studies support the notion of a pilin peptide environment optimized for electron conduction.
<i>Signals, Sound, and Sensation</i> (1999)

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