gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc blende GaAs films grown on wurtzite GaN∕sapphire templates (2005)

1-μm-thick zinc-blende GaAs (111) films were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on wurtzite GaN∕sapphire (0001) templates. In spite of a ∼20% lattice mismatch, epitaxial growth was realized, so that the GaAs films showed good adhesion and their surface had a larger mirror-like area with an average surface roughness of 10 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a flat and abrupt epitaxial GaAs∕GaN interface with some nanocavities and a large number of dislocations. Reasonably good crystalline quality of the GaAs films was confirmed by Raman characterization. Spectroscopic ellipsometry showed sharp interference fringes and characteristic parameters in the range of 0.75–5.3 eV. Photoluminescence study revealed extended band tails and dominance of non-radiative carrier recombination.
In Vivo Blockade of Platelet ADP Receptor P2Y <sub>12</sub> Reduces Embolus and Thrombus Formation but Not Thrombus Stability (2003)

These findings demonstrate that ADP and its P2Y12 receptor are involved in thrombus growth and especially in the formation of emboli on the downstream side of the initial thrombus. This may explain the beneficial effects of P2Y12 receptor antagonists in secondary prevention of ischemic events in patients with arterial thrombosis.
Synthetic-aperture imaging through an aberrating medium: experimental demonstration (1995)

A simple technique for high-resolution imaging of distant objects is described and experimentally demonstrated. The technique, referred to as Fourier telescopy, is a variant of Fourier microscopy, which additionally uses phase closure for correction of intervening aberrations. It is an active-illumination technique that is scalable to angular resolutions of 1 nrad and to illuminators of extremely low power. A laboratory experiment demonstrates reconstruction of images of two simple objects with an angular resolution of 83 µrad.
Submission Guidelines for J.E.T.T. Contributors (1987)

comments/replies, case histories, monographs, reports of empirical studies, review articles, theoretical articles, discussions of quantitative methods, issues and answers, point-of-view, tools of the trade, and feature articles in the following areas: language laboratories, media in language learning, satellite broadcasts, learning lab equipment, learning lab administration, CAl and language learning, media in business languages, languages in secondary schools, language learning resources, ESL and the learning lab, languages in elementary schools, media centers, and related topics.Subjects of Articles: Because chalkboard, textbook, and flashcards have withstood the test of time-whereas some of their more exotic sibling technologies have not-technological subjects published inJ.E.T.T. span the spectrum of "little media-big media" In foreign, second, and native language teaching and learning.
On the Dielectric “Constant” of Proteins: Smooth Dielectric Function for Macromolecular Modeling and Its Implementation in DelPhi (2013)

Implicit methods for modeling protein electrostatics require dielectric properties of the system to be known, in particular, the value of the dielectric constant of protein. While numerous values of the internal protein dielectric constant were reported in the literature, still there is no consensus of what the optimal value is. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the protein dielectric constant is not a "constant" but is a complex function reflecting the properties of the protein's structure and sequence. Here, we report an implementation of a Gaussian-based approach to deliver the dielectric constant distribution throughout the protein and surrounding water phase by utilizing the 3D structure of the corresponding macromolecule. In contrast to previous reports, we construct a smooth dielectric function throughout the space of the system to be modeled rather than just constructing a "Gaussian surface" or smoothing molecule-water boundary. Analysis on a large set of proteins shows that (a) the average dielectric constant inside the protein is relatively low, about 6-7, and reaches a value of about 20-30 at the protein's surface, and (b) high average local dielectric constant values are associated with charged residues while low dielectric constant values are automatically assigned to the regions occupied by hydrophobic residues. In terms of energetics, a benchmarking test was carried out against the experimental p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>'s of 89 residues in staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) and showed that it results in a much better RMSD (= 1.77 p<i>K</i>) than the corresponding calculations done with a homogeneous high dielectric constant with an optimal value of 10 (RMSD = 2.43 p<i>K</i>).
NF‐κB and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of cancer (2008)

During progression of an in situ to an invasive cancer, epithelial cells lose expression of proteins that promote cell-cell contact, and acquire mesenchymal markers, which promote cell migration and invasion. These events bear extensive similarities to the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which has been recognized for several decades as critical feature of embryogenesis. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors plays pivotal roles in both promoting and maintaining an invasive phenotype. After briefly describing the NF-kappaB family and its role in cancer, in this review we will first describe studies elucidating the functions of NF-kappaB in transcription of master regulator genes that repress an epithelial phenotype. In the second half, we discuss the roles of NF-kappaB in control of mesenchymal genes critical for promoting and maintaining an invasive phenotype. Overall, NF-kappaB is identified as a key target in prevention and in the treatment of invasive carcinomas.
Gesundheitscoach – ein personenbezogenes Interventionsprogramm mit den Elementen Ernährung, Bewegung und Stressbewältigung (2014)

Der Beitrag analysiert das Konzept eines Bewegungs-, Ernährungs- und Stressbewältigungsprogramms im Sinne des individuellen Gesundheitscoachings. Ziel des personenbezogenen Kombinationsprogramms im Rahmen des Präventionsleitfadens des GKV-Spitzenverbands ist es, Berufstätige individuell zu betreuen und auf dem Weg ihrer persönlichen Zielerreichung zu unterstützen. Der Gesundheitscoach konzentriert sich auf 3 Zielgruppen: Personen, die Gewicht abnehmen, ihre Fitness steigern oder Stress abbauen möchten. Von 107 Teilnehmern (Dropout-Quote 5,5 %) liegen Ergebnisse der Programmevaluation vor, die die Effizienz und die Wirksamkeit dieses Gesundheitscoaching-Konzepts belegen.
Adaptive Acceleration Control of an AC Power Source-Fed Electrodynamic Shaker (2007)

This paper proposes a novel sinusoidal acceleration controller for electrodynamic shakers driven by voltage-mode AC power sources (ACPS). The presented scheme is based on the interaction of two control loops: one for the shaker's acceleration regulation and another for the ACPS output voltage control. A robust model reference adaptive controller (RMRAC) is employed for both voltage and acceleration regulation. The zero-pole cancellations that could occur at the origin of the s-plane leading to unbounded signals within the acceleration closed-loop operation are avoided by including the unstable zeros of the plant as part of the zeros of the reference model. The dynamic modeling of the electrodynamic shaker, the structure, design, digital implementation and the experimental feasibility of the acceleration controller are described in detail.
Production of a mannose-resistant fibrillar haemagglutinin by strains of Escherichia coli of EPEC serotype O111:H12 (1991)

Two strains of Escherichia coli of serotype O111:H12 produced a mannose-resistant haemagglutinin (MREHA) of Duguid's pattern 7 that reacted strongly with the red cells of ox and sheep. These strains also adhered to HEp2-epithelial cells and formed fibrillae demonstrable by negative staining and immunogold labelling.
A Survey of Fake News: Fundamental Theories, Detection Methods, and Opportunities (2018)

The explosive growth in fake news and its erosion to democracy, justice, and public trust has increased the demand for fake news detection and intervention. This survey reviews and evaluates methods that can detect fake news from four perspectives: (1) the false knowledge it carries, (2) its writing style, (3) its propagation patterns, and (4) the credibility of its source. The survey also highlights some potential research tasks based on the review. In particular, we identify and detail related fundamental theories across various disciplines to encourage interdisciplinary research on fake news. We hope this survey can facilitate collaborative efforts among experts in computer and information sciences, social sciences, political science, and journalism to research fake news, where such efforts can lead to fake news detection that is not only efficient but more importantly, explainable.
Effects of Au nanoparticles on TiO2 in the photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye (2007)

The photocatalytic activity of Au modified titanium dioxide was evaluated in the photodegradation of the azo dye Acid Red 1 (AR1) under 254 nm irradiation. Noble metal nanoparticles were deposited on TiO2 either through depositionprecipitation (DP), or by immobilisation of preformed metallic sols (polyvinylalcohol (PVA)/NaBH4 or tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC)/NaOH systems). Gold nanoparticles on the photocatalyst surface had dimensions of around 3–4 nm in diameter, as determined by HRTEM analysis, and exhibited visible light plasmon absorption. THPC Au/TiO2 appears to be the most photoactive amongst the photocatalysts with a 1 wt.% Au loading, while among THPC samples with different Au loadings (0.5–20.0 wt.%) the maximum photoactivity was attained with 5 wt.% Au/TiO2. The higher AR1 photodegradation rate observed on Au/TiO2 at basic pH can be related to the higher concentration of hydroxyl anions at the interface: these are able to effectively scavenge photoproduced valence band holes, possibly in competition with Au0 oxidation to Au+.
Detection by Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Removal by Ozonization of Photoresist Residues (1974)

Surface chemical analyses by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) indicate that hydrocarbon residues are frequent contaminants on gold hybrid microcircuit metallization. The primary electron beam for AES cracks the hydrocarbon contaminants causing a carbonaceous residue. Lead frame bonding data demonstrated that a carbon residue approxi-mately 10 A thick was indicative of thermo-compression bond degradation. Concentrations of two percent ozone in oxygen can remove a photoresist layer approximately 200 A thick in 100 hours at room temperature. This restores thermocompression bondability of gold surfaces.
Avoiding Message-Dependent Deadlock in Network-Based Systems on Chip (2007)

Networks on chip (NoCs) are an essential component of systems on chip (SoCs) and much research is devoted to deadlock avoidance in NoCs. Prior work focuses on the router network while protocol interactions between NoC and intellectual property (IP) modules are not considered. These interactions introduce message dependencies that affect deadlock properties of the SoC as a whole. Even when NoC and IP dependency graphs are cycle-free in isolation, put together they may still create cycles. Traditionally, SoCs rely solely on request-response protocols. However, emerging SoCs adopt higher-level protocols for cache coherency, slave locking, and peer-to-peer streaming, thereby increasing the complexity in the interaction between the NoC and the IPs. In this paper, we analyze message-dependent deadlock, arising due to protocol interactions between the NoC and the IP modules. We compare the possible solutions and show that deadlock avoidance, in the presence of higher-level protocols, poses a serious challenge for many current NoC architectures. We evaluate the solutions qualitatively, and for a number of designs we quantify the area cost for the two most economical solutions, strict ordering and end-to-end flow control. We show that the latter, which avoids deadlock for all protocols, adds an area and power cost of 4<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:math> and 6<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:math>, respectively, of a typical Æthereal NoC instance.
The nucleotide addition cycle of RNA polymerase is controlled by two molecular hinges in the Bridge Helix domain (2010)

The properties of two distinct molecular hinges in the Bridge Helix of RNAP determine the functional contribution of this domain to key stages of the NAC by coordinating conformational changes in surrounding domains.
The live attenuated dengue vaccine TV003 elicits complete protection against dengue in a human challenge model (2016)

A dengue human challenge model can be an important tool to identify candidate dengue vaccines that should be further evaluated in large efficacy trials in endemic areas. Dengue is responsible for about 390 million infections annually. Protective efficacy results for the most advanced dengue vaccine candidate (CYD) were disappointing despite its ability to induce neutralizing antibodies against all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. TV003 is a live attenuated tetravalent DENV vaccine currently in phase 2 evaluation. To better assess the protective efficacy of TV003, a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which recipients of TV003 or placebo were challenged 6 months later with a DENV-2 strain, rDEN2Δ30, was conducted. The primary endpoint of the trial was protection against dengue infection, defined as rDEN2Δ30 viremia. Secondary endpoints were protection against rash and neutropenia. All 21 recipients of TV003 who were challenged with rDEN2Δ30 were protected from infection with rDEN2Δ30. None developed viremia, rash, or neutropenia after challenge. In contrast, 100% of the 20 placebo recipients who were challenged with rDEN2Δ30 developed viremia, 80% developed rash, and 20% developed neutropenia. TV003 induced complete protection against challenge with rDEN2Δ30 administered 6 months after vaccination. TV003 will be further evaluated in dengue-endemic areas. The controlled dengue human challenge model can accelerate vaccine development by evaluating the protection afforded by the vaccine, thereby eliminating poor candidates from further consideration before the initiation of large efficacy trials.
Optimization of Gadodiamide Concentration for MR Arthrography at 3 T (2005)

Optimized concentrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR arthrography are similar at 3 and 1.5 T, although a slightly greater dilution may be useful at 3 T. Signal-to-noise ratio peak levels are significantly reduced by adding an iodinated contrast agent, relatively significantly more at 3 T than at 1.5 T.
An Analysis of the Squeeze Film Between Rough Porous Rectangular Plates With Arbitrary Porous Wall Thickness (1984)

The Christensen’s stochastic theory of hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces is used to study the effects of surface roughness on the response of the squeeze film between rectangular plates when one plate has a porous facing. An exact solution, valid for arbitrary wall thickness, is obtained for the film pressure and pressure in the bearing material. A comparison is made with an earlier approximate analysis, applicable to thin porous walls to determine the range of influencing parameters for which the approximate solution is acceptable.
Communication optimization in Parsec : A parallel programming environment for multicomputers (2009)

Multicomputer (distributed memory MIMD machines) have emerged as inexpensive, yet powerful parallel computers that promise high computational performance. A parallel application running on these machines consists of a set of user processes running on different processors. The only way processes share data in this environment is by message passing which can become the bottleneck to obtaining high performance. This thesis examines the issues influencing communication in multicomputers. Two static analysis tools are designed: a mapping tool and runtime system for communication and synchronization. An efficient mapping of a parallel application onto a parallel computer is necessary to minimize the total communication cost. Delegating this task to the user makes application development a complex process as the user must know the underlying hardware. An automated hardware-independent mapping tool is designed to map arbitrary process graphs on a transputer-based multicomputer. A native runtime system on these multicomputers consists of message-passing primitives which are efficient but only support simple send and receive operations. A high-level runtime system provides functionalities such as flow control, buffering, and group communication using a wide range of primitives. However, these primitives are difficult to use and it is up to the user to select the optimal primitives for efficiency. Hence a message-passing library is designed for a transputer system. It is built on top of Trollius, an operating system for multicomputers, which offers a variety of functions, each with different combination of performance and functionality. The library includes a few communication primitives which provide a common interface for all the Trollius functions while maintaining the efficiency of the low-level functions. The mapping tool statically compiles a program structure info the configuration information and based on this information, the message-passing library selects the optimal Trollius functions. Parsec (the Parallel System for Efficient Computation), a parallel programming environment for multicomputers, is being developed at UBC. Our tools are integrated with Parsec and become the backbone in achieving high performance. Heterogeneity is one of the important design issues in Parsec. Currently these tools are available on two different hardware platforms: a transputer-based multicomputer and a cluster of Sun Sparc workstations. Thus the user can take advantage of either environment to write portable and efficient parallel applications.
Progress in 1.3 μm Polarization Insensitive Multiple Quantum Well Laser Amplifiers (1994)

Today, standard single mode fiber, having zero group velocity dispersion at a wavelength around 1310 nm, is still being widely installed. To open up the 1300 nm window for high bitrate long distance communication, a practical, reliable, and compact optical amplifier is required. Due to its small size and integratability, a semiconductor optical amplifier is an excellent choice, especially when a polarization insensitive multiple quantum well active layer is used1,2,3. Compared to semiconductor optical amplifiers employing a (square) bulk active layer, multiple quantum well amplifiers offer a higher saturation output power, a wider gain bandwidth, a faster gain recovery, and a better noise figure4.
A Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for Technicians and Interventions Scheduling for Telecommunications (2007)

The subject of the 5th challenge proposed by the French Society of Operations Research and Decision Analysis (ROADEF) consists in scheduling technicians and interventions for telecommunications (http://www.g-scop.inpg.fr/ChallengeROADEF2007/ or http://www.roadef.org/). We detail the algorithm we proposed for this challenge which is a Greedy Randomized Adaptative Search Procedure (GRASP). Computational results led us to the 1st position in the Junior category and to the 4th position in All category of the Challenge ROADEF 2007.
Two-Dimensional Ceramic Photonic Crystals Fabricated by a Solution Method (2003)

We fabricated two-dimensional hexagonal arrays of nanoscale ceramic pillars of titania or barium titanate. Precursor arrays were prepared by introducing sol solutions into electron-beam resist molds with air holes and subsequently dry etching unnecessary precursor layers on the molds. Ceramic arrays, consisting of dense titania or barium titanate ceramic pillars with a radius of 55–85 nm and a height of 500–550 nm, were fabricated by firing the precursor arrays at 773–1073 K. The reflection peaks for the ceramic arrays in the visible range almost correspond to the band structures calculated by a plane-wave method.
Mechanisms whereby Propofol Mediates Peripheral Vasolidation in Humans (1997)

In contrast to SNP infusions, propofol infusions into the brachial artery of conscious persons caused no significant vascular responses, despite the presence of therapeutic plasma concentrations of propofol within the forearm. The effects of propofol anesthesia on FVR and FVC are similar to the effects of sympathetic denervation by stellate ganglion blockade. Thus the peripheral vascular actions of propofol appear to be due primarily to an inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity.
<title>Support vector machines for improving the classification of brain PET images</title> (1998)

The classification of brain PET volumes is carried out in three main steps: (1) registration, (2) feature extraction and (3) classification. The PET images were already smoothed with a 16 mm isotropic Gaussian kernel and registered within the Talairach and Tournoux reference system. To make the registration more accurate over a single reference, a method based on optical flow was applied. Feature extraction is carried out by principal component analysis (PCA). Support vector machines (SVM) are then used for classification, because they are better controlled than neural networks (NN) and well adapted to small sample size problems. SVM are constructed by a training algorithm that maximizes the margin between the training vectors and the decision boundary. The algorithm is simple quadratic programming under linear constraints, which leads to global optimum. The decision boundary is expressed as a linear combination of supporting vectors which are a subset of the training vectors closest to the decision boundary. After registration, NN and SVM were trained with the features extracted by PCA from the training set. The estimate error rate is 7.1% for SVM and 14.3% for NN.