gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of (.+-.)-Plumbazeylanone, A Naphthoquinone Trimer from Plumbago zeylanica. (1999)

We have investigated the total synthesis of (±)-plumbazeylanone (1), a naphthoquinone trimer based on two different pathways (I) and (II). The synthetic approach based on pathway (I) was not successful. However, the first synthesis of 1 from plumbagin (2a) was achieved by utilizing an unsymmetrical methylene-bridged dimer (20b), with a naphthoquinone unit and a naphthalene unit as a key intermediate, based on pathway (II), in 11 steps with an overall yield of 5.9%. This synthesis features regioselective nucleophilic 1, 2-addition of the naphthyllithium reagent 4a to the C-1 position of naphthoquinone 20b, and the regio- and stereoselective dienone-phenol-type rearrangement of the 1, 2-adduct 21b (1, 2-migration of the naphthyl group to the C3-position on 21b) with 2 N-NaOH.
Optimum structure of deposited ultrathin silicon oxynitride film to minimize leakage current (2003)

The role of oxygen inside deposited silicon oxynitride (SiON) films with respect to leakage current was investigated. We controlled the composition of bulk SiON film in accordance with the alloy model (Si3N4)x(SiO2)1−x regarding the ultrathin composite SiON structure and stacked SiON/SiO2 structure and measured electrical properties of these SiON films. Furthermore, we studied the conduction mechanisms of the leakage current for these films by using a direct tunneling (DT) current simulation with Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, taking the dielectric constant, band profile, and effective mass into consideration. From these experiments and simulations, it was found that the leakage current of composite structure is lower than that of the stacked structure, even if those structures have the same alloy ratio x. Furthermore, we found the optimum film composition to minimize the DT current. The optimum structure was determined by the balance between the decrease in the electron DT current and the increase in the hole DT current due to the physical thickness and the valence-band barrier height.
Insecticidal Activity of Spider (Araneae), Centipede (Chilopoda), Scorpion (Scorpionida), and Snake (Serpentes) Venoms (1992)

Journal Article Insecticidal Activity of Spider (Araneae), Centipede (Chilopoda), Scorpion (Scorpionida), and Snake (Serpentes) Venoms Get access Gary B. Quistad, Gary B. Quistad Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation, 975 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paula A. Dennis, Paula A. Dennis Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation, 975 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne S. Skinner Wayne S. Skinner Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation, 975 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 85, Issue 1, 1 February 1992, Pages 33–39, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.1.33 Published: 01 February 1992 Article history Received: 25 April 1991 Accepted: 08 October 1991 Published: 01 February 1992
High Molecular Mobility and Viscoelasticity of Microphase-Separated Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymer Melts (2016)

We investigate the linear viscoelastic behavior of poly(styrene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) AB diblock brush copolymer materials over a range of volume fractions and with side-chain lengths below entanglement molecular weight (PS Mn ∼ 3.5 kg/mol and PEO Mn ∼ 5 kg/mol). The high chain mobility of the brush architecture results in rapid microphase segregation of the brush copolymer segments, which occurred after mild thermal annealing. Master curves of the dynamic moduli were obtained by time–temperature superposition (tTS). The reduced degree of chain entanglements leads to a unique liquid-like rheology similar to that of bottlebrush (BB) homopolymers, even in the microphase-segregated state. The microphase-segregated domains were found to align at exceptionally low strain amplitudes (γ = 0.01) and mild processing temperatures as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Domain/grain orientation occurred readily at strains within the linear viscoelastic regime (LVR) without noticeable effect on the dynamic moduli. This interplay of high molecular mobility and rapid phase segregation contrasts the viscoelasticity of brush block copolymers (BBCP) compared to conventional linear block copolymer (LBCP) analogues and opens up new processing possibilities of BBCP materials for a wide range of nanotechnology applications.
1,2-Orthoacetate intermediates in silver trifluoromethanesulphonate promoted Koenigs–Knorr synthesis of disaccharide glycosides (1979)

The three disaccharides lactose, cellobiose, and maltose in the form of their acetylated glycosyl bromides have been reacted with 8-ethoxycarbonyloctanol to provide the 1,2-trans-glycosides. Conventional Koenigs–Knorr and Helferich conditions provided these glycosides in poor yield but silver trifluoromethanesulphonate, N,N-tetramethylurea gave the disaccharide glycosides in 50–60% yield. Use of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine as proton acceptor provided the corresponding 1,2-orthoacetates in 60–70% yield. These 1,2-orthoesters were rearranged by stannic tetrachloride to the 1,2-trans-glycosides. The isolation of acetylated 8-ethoxycarbonyloctanol from Lewis acid catalysed isomerisation of 1,2-orthoesters and from Koenigs–Knorr reactions in which N,N-tetramethylurea was the proton acceptor is discussed in terms of a reaction mechanism proceeding from glycosyl halide to glycosidic products via a 1,2-orthoester intermediate. This proposal is supported by 1 H nmr evidence for the presence of 1,2-orthoacetate in Koenigs–Knorr reaction mixtures, and by 1,2-orthoacetate isomerisation to glycoside by the conjugate acid of N,N-tetramethylurea.
The automotive ontology (2011)

Cars have been increasingly equipped with technology, meeting the demand of people for safety, connectivity, and comfort. Upcoming HMIs provide access to in-car systems and web services in a personalized manner that facilitates a large array of functionality even while driving, with other passengers also benefiting from an enhanced experience. Such intelligent applications however depend on a solid basis to be effective: Personalization, adaptive HMI, situation-aware intelligent systems -- either of these require semantic knowledge about the user, the vehicle, the current driving situation. Advanced functions coexist with sensors, other functions, and even other vehicles. In such an environment, collaboration can be highly beneficial. Obtaining a common understanding of knowledge and providing a platform to exchange it is essential in order to reach the next level of intelligent in-car systems. This work describes the Automotive Ontology, which is located at the core of such an open platform. We give an overview of design areas relevant to automotive applications, as well as meta aspects that facilitate inference and reasoning.
Pathological confirmation of cystic fibrosis in the fetus following prenatal diagnosis (1987)

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is presently based on the determination of microvillar enzyme activities in the amniotic fluid. However, there seems to be no accurate means for confirming the diagnosis of the aborted fetus. During the past year we performed pathological and histopathological examinations on 7 fetuses diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy to be affected by cystic fibrosis and compared them with 4 control age-matched fetuses. Glycol-methacrylate-embedded 2-3-mu thick sections of the pancreas, lungs, bronchial tree, and GI tract were stained with toluidine blue, H&E, PAS, and AB-PAS, and examined microscopically. In the controls, PAS-positive granules were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of most pancreatic acinar and tracheal submucosal glandular cells. In the affected fetuses 2 distinct groups were identified. In one group of 4 fetuses, the pancreatic and tracheal submucosal glands were dilated and contained a weak PAS-positive material. The glandular epithelial cells had very little PAS-positive granules. In this group, the tracheal epithelium was either atrophic or metaplastic and devoid of microvilli. In the second group of 3 fetuses there was less dilation of the glands, and both pancreatic acinar cells and tracheal submucosal glandular epithelial cells contained few PAS-positive granules, which were confined mainly to a perinuclear location. The tracheal epithelial cells contained few microvilli which, when present, appeared thicker and shorter as compared to controls. We feel that histochemical evaluation of pancreatic and bronchial tissue may be of help in the pathological confirmation of cystic fibrosis in human fetuses where the results of the biochemical studies are suggestive of the disease.
Low‐Temperature, Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with controllable structures are produced at a low temperature (175 °C) by using CCl4 as the precursor for pyrolytic growth in a supercritical carbon dioxide medium, in the presence of iron catalysts encapsulated in polypropyleneimine dendrimers (see picture). This work may lead to a large-scale, cost-effective synthesis of carbon nanotubes for practical applications.
Active-gate thin-film transistor (1993)

A thin-film transistor (TFT) with a lightly-doped offset built in the polysilicon gate is proposed. The offset region of the gate acts as a dielectric in the OFF state and as a conductor in the ON state. The unwelcome peak of the electric field near the drain in the OFF state is significantly reduced, as has been confirmed by two-dimensional device simulation. The key advantage of this device over conventional passive offset structures is that the ON current is not reduced, while the OFF current is suppressed by several orders of magnitude.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Abnormalities of Myocardial Function; with Special Reference to the Use of Graphic Methods. (1917)

Dr. Hart has made a definite contribution to electrocardiographic literature in this book. To the physician in hospital or general practice the variations in rate, rhythm and conduction are presented in an interesting and comprehensive manner. The preliminary discussion of cardiac physiology and pathology and their relation to graphic methods of registration furnishes the student with the information necessary for the proper interpretation of polygraphic and electrocardigraphic records. A description of the instruments employed and of the details of their manipulation are available from other sources and have been wisely omitted by the author; so also have many theoretical considerations which still belong to the sphere of experimental cardiac pathology. Bradycardia, tachycardia, heart block, extrasystoles, flutter and fibrillation are discussed with regard to their mechanism, experimental production, pathology, etiology, symptoms, identification and clinical significance. The presentation of the subject matter is clear and systematic. References are frequently made to the
5A11 antigen is a cell recognition molecule which is involved in neuronal‐glial interactions in avian neural retina (1993)

In continuing efforts to identify cell-surface molecules involved in cell-cell interactions in the developing avian retina, we identified a monoclonal antibody, the 5A11 antibody, which possessed the ability to interfere with contact-dependent glial cell maturation in vitro. We sought to determine the molecular and biochemical identity of the glycoprotein recognized by this antibody, and using additional criteria, establish whether the 5A11 antigen is indeed a cell-recognition molecule in the developing retina. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrate that in the hatchling chick retina and in live cultures of embryonic retina cells, the 5A11 antigen is predominantly associated with Müller glial cells whereas little is observed on neuronal elements. Microsequencing of the major component isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography identifies the HT7 antigen (Seulberger et al.: EMBO Journal 9:2151-2158, 1990), a unique member of the immunoglobulin super gene family (IGSF), as a homologous if not identical protein to the 5A11 antigen. The HT7 antibody, furthermore, recognizes affinity purified 5A11 antigen, and both the HT7 antibody and additional probes generated against the 5A11 antigen recognize a major polypeptide of 45.5 kDa and a minor band of 69 kDa on Western blots of membrane preparations from neural retina. To verify that the 5A11 antigen mediates cell-cell recognition events in the developing neural retina, we examined the consequences of adding antibody to monolayer cultures of dissociated embryonic retina cells and to dissociated retina cells in rotation-mediated suspension culture. Addition of the 5A11 antibody to monolayer cultures results in alteration in the development of the stereotypic arrangement of neurons and glia characterized by a reduction in the number and complexity of neural extensions upon the glial-derived flat cells. Similarly, addition of antibodies generated against the 5A11 antigen to dissociated cells in rotation cultures significantly reduces retina cell reaggregation as monitored by computer-assisted image analysis of cell aggregate size. These data and the identification of the 5A11 antigen as a member of the IGSF establish a role for the 5A11 antigen as a novel recognition molecule in the developing neural retina.
RBIDS- IDS with Biometric Authentication and Trace Back Scheme for Enhanced Security (2010)

There has been an increasing concern over the volume of attacks from international sources towards government and military networks.The next generation wars would all involve computers and network tools, rather than fighter planes and nuclear bombs.Our proposal is a range based intrusion detection system with a trace back scheme to survive against these next generation odds.The proposed system would use a biometric authentication scheme for data transmission internally within the network and the usual Intrusion Detection Scheme for data transmission with outside networks like internet.This biometric authentication also alleviates the problem that an outsider cannot enter the network by pretending to be an insider with spoofed IP address.In case an attack occurs, we use an Autonomous System level IP trace back to trace back the attack to its source.The advantages of our proposed system are: 1.The possibility of an attack from inside and outside the system is meager because the system has facilities to authenticate transmissions within the network and to detect malicious data from outside the network.2. In case an attack occurs, the trace back scheme would trace back the attack to the source, thus enabling 'punish the guilt'.
Inducible Resistance to <scp>d</scp> -Cycloserine in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 (1977)

Resistance to d-cycloserine could be induced in Bacillus subtilis 168 by sublethal concentrations of d-cycloserine. Sensitivity to the antibiotic could be regained by growth in the absence of d-cycloserine. The bactericidal activity of d-cycloserine apparently was not altered by resistant cells, and peptidoglycan synthesis was still inhibited by d-cycloserine in resistant cells. The d-cycloserine resistance apparently resulted from a decreased uptake of the antibiotic. The decrease in d-cycloserine transport could be prevented by simultaneous treatment of the cells with rifampin and d-cycloserine. d-Cycloserine was transported by the same system as glycine in B. subtilis. d-Cycloserine was able to exchange for intracellular glycine in both sensitive and resistant cells, suggesting that d-cycloserine is not excluded from the cell in resistant cultures.
논문 : 런던 메이어(Mayor)직의 등장과 의미 -특히 초대 메이어 Henry FitzAilwin을 중심으로- (2002)

The name of Mayor in England borrow from the Continent offices title. The title was both of the brand vizier of the Frankish kingdom, ‘the mayor of the palace’, and ‘the mayor of vill’. Also, the meaning of maior in France was the formal head of the group of e’chvins, scabini, who, were the nucleus, or rulers, of the sworn ommune. The appearance and meaning of the mayoralty were more important research of the medieval cities in England. Whether the role and meaning on the modern Lord Mayor applied to the office of the late 12th-the early 13th centruies or not, then the key to solution was the first mayor Henry FitzAilwin. The expedition of Richard in 1190 was the one of the more important political events. The new office was needed to Richard during his expedition. The chanecllor by the side of the king Richard necessary had to have the office of a follower, so that he could compete to the rival. The king Richard created the new office that prevailed from the Continent at that time. The first mayor of London was Henry FitzAilwin, the alderman that based on land for generations. He made trial of the accused on hustings with sheriff so on forth, before the London mayoralty. Also he collected the compensation for Richard and farm on the london mayoralty. The transition from Richard to John revealed Henry FitzAilwin to a conservative character. Because he was still a mayor during the reign of John. Alos This proved that his political infuence was to munute. The appearance of the London mayor was in the early 1190s, but after nealy 10 years(1215) the official recognition revealed in the John`s charter. After Ailwin`s death. the mayoralty didn`t succeeded to his family. That was proved, the office was not hereditary but the eletion. The able to election formed the city oligarchy. Also, this proved that The family based on land gradually disappeared from the mayoralty, the wealth on commerce and leadership in city were more important thing concerning on the mayoralty. It was entrusted the important role of a town administration to the mayor, instead of sheriff and reeve.
Performance evaluation of battery-life-aware routing schemes for wireless ad hoc networks (2002)

Advances in battery technology have fallen behind that of CPU technology. Since each node in an ad hoc wireless network operates on batteries, power consumption becomes an important factor. To maximize the lifetime of ad hoc wireless networks, the power consumption rate of each mobile host must be evenly distributed. Also, the overall transmission power for each connection request must be minimized. These two objectives, however, cannot be satisfied concurrently with existing ad hoc routing algorithms. Hence, we present a new power-aware routing scheme to satisfy these two constraints simultaneously. Simulation results reveal that our proposed scheme outperforms others.
Turbine Exhaust Wetness Measurement Based on Double-Region-Heating Probe Method (2008)

The basic thermodynamic principle of double-region-heating probe method for steam wetness measurement is being presented,while the pressure drop of steam-liquid two-phase flow in the probe calculated and thus a thermodynamic judgment criteria obtained for determining whether the length of the probe tube's evaporating section is larger than that of the water drop vaporization.This may serve as a theoretical basis for improving the precision of turbine exhaust wetness measurement by probe method.
A Systematic Screen for Dominant Second-Site Modifiers of <i>Merlin/NF2</i> Phenotypes Reveals an Interaction With <i>blistered/DSRF</i> and <i>scribbler</i> (2001)

Merlin, the Drosophila homologue of the human tumor suppressor gene Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), is required for the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. To better understand the cellular functions of the NF2 gene product, Merlin, recent work has concentrated on identifying proteins with which it interacts either physically or functionally. In this article, we describe genetic screens designed to isolate second-site modifiers of Merlin phenotypes from which we have identified five multiallelic complementation groups that modify both loss-of-function and dominant-negative Merlin phenotypes. Three of these groups, Group IIa/scribbler (also known as brakeless), Group IIc/blistered, and Group IId/net, are known genes, while two appear to be novel. In addition, two genes, Group IIa/scribbler and Group IIc/blistered, alter Merlin subcellular localization in epithelial and neuronal tissues, suggesting that they regulate Merlin trafficking or function. Furthermore, we show that mutations in scribbler and blistered display second-site noncomplementation with one another. These results suggest that Merlin, blistered, and scribbler function together in a common pathway to regulate Drosophila wing epithelial development.
Andreev reflection: A new means to determine the spin polarization of ferromagnetic materials (1999)

We have developed a simple method to measure the transport spin polarization of ferromagnetic materials. This technique relies on the fact that the Andreev reflection process at the interface between a superconductive and normal is influenced by the spin polarization P of the normal metal. In a very short time we have been able to measure the spin polarization of several metals: NixFe1−x, Ni, Co, Fe, NiMnSb, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, and CrO2, whose spin polarization ranges from 35% to 90%. Our results compare well with other methods for measuring P.
Transnationalism in the Balkans: An Introduction (2006)

Abstract This introductory article sets out the conceptual and empirical outlines of the special issue. It identifies a lack of transnational perspective in the scholarship on the European integration underway in the Western Balkans, and argues that a transnational perspective can help gauge the success of this process. Importantly, the intensified transnationalization during the decade of conflict in the region in the 1990s, and its aftermath, can both encourage and hinder post-communist democratization. In addition, the article explores the methodological challenge in studying transnationalism in a global age, and queries the meaning of ‘transnational’. As globalization causes the pluralization of political spaces, so transnational relations are sustained by a myriad of different actors, both state and non-state, as well as public and private. These newly created webs of cross-border contacts raise the question of what ‘national’ means in the transnational and what it implies for the reform processes in the aspirant states driven by the quest to join the European Union.
An integrated timing and dynamic supply noise verification for nano-meter CMOS SoC designs (2006)

A semidynamic timing analysis flow of dynamic drop consideration applicable to a large-scale circuit is proposed. This technique is compared not only with SPICE simulation but with measurements using built-in noise probing and on-chip delay monitoring techniques, which validates the proposed flow.
Planar surface-micromachined pressure sensor with a sub-surface, embedded reference pressure cavity (1996)

Planar, surface micromachined pressure sensors have been fabricated by an extension of the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process. CMP eliminates many of the fabrication problems associated with the photolithography, dry etch, and metallization of non-planar devices. Furthermore, CMP adds additional design flexibility. The sensors are based upon deformable, silicon nitride diaphragms with polysilicon piezoresistors. Absolute pressure is detected by virtue of reference pressure cavities underneath the diaphragms. Process details are discussed and characteristics from many devices are presented.