gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The application of optical packet switching in future communication networks (2001)

Telecommunication networks are experiencing a dramatic increase in demand for capacity, much of it related to the exponential takeup of the Internet and associated services. To support this demand economically, transport networks are evolving to provide a reconfigurable optical layer which, with optical cross-connects, will realize a high-bandwidth flexible core. As well as providing large capacity, this new layer will be required to support new services such as rapid provisioning of an end-to-end connection under customer control. The first phase of network evolution, therefore, will provide a circuit-switched optical layer characterized by high capacity and fast circuit provisioning. In the longer term, it is currently envisaged that the bandwidth efficiency associated with optical packet switching (a transport technology that matches the bursty nature of multimedia traffic) will be required to ensure economic use of network resources. This article considers possible network application scenarios for optical packet switching. In particular, it focuses on the concept of an optical packet router as an edge network device, functioning as an interface between the electronic and optical domains. In this application it can provide a scalable and efficient IP traffic aggregator that may provide greater flexibility and efficiency than an electronic terabit router with reduced cost. The discussion considers the main technical issues relating to the concept and its implementation.
Nonlinear temperature dependence of switching fields in relief-structured Co/Ni80Fe20 particles (2003)

The temperature dependence of the switching properties in low sub-μm scale Co/Ni80Fe20 particles with different aspect ratios L/w (=1–6, w=0.4 μm) and thicknesses t (=1–5 nm) are investigated using magnetotransport measurements of relief-structured films with giant magnetoresistance. The shape of each particle is a parallelogram with slope angle θ(=0°–60°). The switching field of the particles increased with θ due to the variation of the end-domain configuration. Nonlinear temperature dependence of the switching field was observed, which could be explained by the thermal nucleation theory of the magnetization reversal at below 150 K. The amplitude of the energy barrier height ΔE for the reversal was strongly suppressed by decreasing the thickness of the particles. This degradation of the thermal stability may be caused by the variation of the film morphology by decreasing the thickness.
Design of telecentric imaging systems for noncontact velocity sensors (2002)

Optical sensors for noncontact velocity measurement require imaging systems with constant optical magnification in spite of the variable distance between the sensor and the object of measurement. This requirement can be met using telecentric systems. When such systems are set up, several design considerations must be taken into account. These concern the decision as to whether a single or a double telecentric system shall be used, as well as the choice of the optical magnification and the dimensioning of the aperture stop. The results of the theoretical analysis are confirmed by experiments with a prototype velocity sensor for belt drives.
Liquid-liquid extraction using 96-well plate format in conjunction with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative determination of methylphenidate (Ritalin�) in human plasma (2000)

Methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin: methyl-alpha-phenyl-2-piperidinacetate hydrochloride) is utilized for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Recently, we described a rapid enantioselective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of the enantiomers of MPH (Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999; 13: 2054). A lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 87 pg/mL was attained for the human plasma assay. The present paper describes a high-throughput sample preparation procedure in conjunction with racemic LC/MS/MS analysis for MPH with a LLOQ of 50 pg/mL. A semi-automated robotics method using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in a 96-well plate format was developed and validated. The correlation coefficients were > or =0.998 for MPH indicating good fits of the regression models over the range of the calibration curve. The accuracy and precision of the semi-automated approach were comparable to those obtained using the manual sample preparation technique reported previously (vide supra). The current method can easily be adapted to the enantioselective LC/MS/MS assay of MPH. The assay was simple, fast, specific, and exhibited excellent ruggedness.
Interaction of integrins alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1: potential role in keratinocyte intercellular adhesion. (1993)

The colocalization of integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 at intercellular contact sites of keratinocytes in culture and in epidermis suggests that these integrins may mediate intercellular adhesion (ICA). P1B5, an anti-alpha 3 beta 1 mAb previously reported to inhibit keratinocyte adhesion to epiligrin, was also found to induce ICA. Evidence that P1B5-induced ICA was mediated by alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 was obtained using both ICA assays and assays with purified, mAb-immobilized integrins. Selective binding of alpha 2 beta 1-coated beads to epidermal cells or plate-bound alpha 3 beta 1 was observed. This binding was inhibited by mAbs to integrin alpha 3, alpha 2, or beta 1 subunits and could be stimulated by P1B5. We also demonstrate a selective and inhibitable interaction between affinity-purified integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1. Finally, we show that expression of alpha 2 beta 1 by CHO fibroblasts results in the acquisition of collagen and alpha 3 beta 1 binding. Binding to both of these ligands is inhibited by P1H5, an anti-alpha 2 beta 1 specific mAb. Results of these in vitro experiments suggest that integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 can interact and may do so to mediate ICA in vivo. Thus, alpha 3 beta 1 mediates keratinocyte adhesion to epiligrin and plays a second role in ICA via alpha 2 beta 1.
Early Statin Treatment Following Acute Myocardial Infarction and 1-Year Survival (2001)

Early initiation of statin treatment in patients with AMI is associated with reduced 1-year mortality. These results emphasize the importance of implementing the results of randomized statin trials in unselected AMI patients.
<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> : secrets of a major pathogen unveiled by analysis of its genome (2002)

Summary Ralstonia solanacearum Taxonomy: Bacteria; Proteobacteria; beta subdivision; Ralstonia group; genus Ralstonia Microbiological properties: Gram-negative, aerobic, motile rod. Disease symptoms: Agent of bacterial wilt of solanaceous plants, which appears as a sudden wilt. Typically, stem cross-sections ooze a whitish bacterial exudate. R. solanacearum is also the agent of the Moko disease of banana and brown rot of potato. Disease control: Pathogen-free seed and transplants. Few resistant and tolerant plant lines. Sanitation and cultural rotations. Useful web sites: http://ibws.nexenservices.com/;http://sequence.toulouse.inra.fr/R.solanacearum.html.
Hypomethylating agents for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly (2011)

The research with new agents is particularly active in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and different studies suggest a potential utility of hypomethylating agents (HMA) in this disease. In this article, we critically appraise some recent clinical data reported on the use of HMA for the treatment of AML in older patient.
Joint learning and dictionary construction for pattern recognition (2008)

We propose a joint representation and classification framework that achieves the dual goal of finding the most discriminative sparse overcomplete encoding and optimal classifier parameters. Formulating an optimization problem that combines the objective function of the classification with the representation error of both labeled and unlabeled data, constrained by sparsity, we propose an algorithm that alternates between solving for subsets of parameters, whilst preserving the sparsity. The method is then evaluated over two important classification problems in computer vision: object categorization of natural images using the Caltech 101 database and face recognition using the Extended Yale B face database. The results show that the proposed method is competitive against other recently proposed sparse overcomplete counterparts and considerably outperforms many recently proposed face recognition techniques when the number training samples is small.
Advanced diagnostic and control methods of processes and layers in CIGS solar cells and modules (2010)

Abstract Process monitoring and quality assessment for Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 (CIGS) absorber layers is discussed. One focus is on laser light scattering (LLS) as a tool for process diagnostics. This technique can give in situ and real‐time information about CIGS film growth using sequential as well as evaporation processes. Raman spectroscopy is presented as a method to assess the fundamental structural properties of as‐grown films. Experience shows that the specific structure of Raman lines can be interpreted in relation to device performance. Raman spectroscopy is particularly useful for material development and achieving at least average solar cell efficiencies. Time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) goes one step further and is generally related to the solar cell performance. It tracks carrier population decay after optical excitation and thus gives quantitative information about the most efficient recombination channels and material quality. It is apt to optimise the absorber of highly efficient devices. We will recommend how to use the three methods appropriately and will discuss requirements for industrial applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial Cells in Immobilization Biotechnology (1992)

Artificial cells contain biologically active materials. Artificial cells containing adsorbents have been a routine form of treatment in hemoperfusion for patients. This includes acute poisoning, high blood aluminum and iron, and supplement to dialysis in kidney failure. Artificial cells are being tested for use as red blood cell substitutes. Artificial cells encapsulated cell culture are being tested in animals for the treatment of diabetes and liver failure. A novel 2 step method has prevented xenograft rejection. Artificial cells containing enzymes are being studied for treatment in hereditary enzyme deficiency diseases and other diseases. Recent demonstration of extensive enterorecirculation of amino acids in the intestine has allowed its oral administration to deplete specific amino acids. Artificial cells containing complex enzyme system convert wastes like urea and ammonia into essential amino acids. Artificial cell is being used for the production of monoclonal antibodies, interferons and other biotechnological products. It is also being investigated for drug delivery, and for use in other applications in biotechnology, chemical engineering and medicine.
A Generalized Loop-Closure Theory for the Analysis and Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms (1994)

Abstract Compliant mechanisms gain at least some of their motion from flexible members. The combination of large-deflection beam analysis, kinematic motion analysis, and energy storage makes the analysis of compliant mechanisms difficult. The design of mechanisms often requires iteration between synthesis and analysis procedures. In general, the difficulty in analysis has limited the use of compliant mechanisms to applications where only simple functions and motions are required. The pseudo-rigid-body model concept promises to be the key to unifying the compliant and rigid-body mechanism theories. It simplifies compliant mechanism analysis by determining an equivalent rigid-body mechanism that accurately models the kinematic characteristics of a compliant mechanism. Once this model is obtained, many well known concepts from rigid-body mechanism theory become amenable for use to analyze and design compliant mechanisms. The pseudo-rigid-body-model concept is used to develop a generalized loop-closure method for the analysis and synthesis of compliant mechanisms. Synthesis is divided into two major categories: (i) rigid-body replacement synthesis, wherein only kinematic constraints are considered, and (ii) synthesis for compliance, wherein considerations of the energy storage and input/output force/torque characteristics of compliant mechanisms are utilized. The method allows compliant mechanisms to be designed for tasks that would have earlier been assumed to be unlikely, if not impossible, applications of compliant mechanisms. Examples of function, motion, and path generation of compliant mechanisms are presented for the first time.
SRCMap: energy proportional storage using dynamic consolidation (2010)

We investigate the problem of creating an energy proportional storage system through power-aware dynamic storage consolidation. Our proposal, Sample-Replicate-Consolidate Mapping (SRCMap), is a storage virtualization layer optimization that enables energy proportionality for dynamic I/O workloads by consolidating the cumulative workload on a subset of physical volumes proportional to the I/O workload intensity. Instead of migrating data across physical volumes dynamically or replicating entire volumes, both of which are prohibitively expensive, SRCMap samples a subset of blocks from each data volume that constitutes its working set and replicates these on other physical volumes. During a given consolidation interval, SRCMap activates a minimal set of physical volumes to serve the workload and spins down the remaining volumes, redirecting their workload to replicas on active volumes. We present both theoretical and experimental evidence to establish the effectiveness of SRCMap in minimizing the power consumption of enterprise storage systems.
Detection of auto-IgE in pediatric atopic eczema indicates autosensitization as an early immunological event. (177.12) (2012)

Abstract IgE-mediated allergies (e.g. asthma, atopic eczema [AE]) affect about 25% of western populations. Autoreactive IgE was detected in AE-patients and suspected to aggravate and chronify the disease. It is unclear, if autosensitization is a complication due to chronic allergic inflammation in adults or whether it is already present in children. Aims of this study were to develop a high-throughput assay for serologic detection of auto-IgE and to analyze if auto-IgE is organ-specific. We established an immunoassay to screen autoreactivity against whole cell protein extracts from primary keratinocytes (pKc) from non-AE and AE-patients, intestinal- and airway epithelial cells. After defining optimal conditions for all protein-extracts, we established a 384 well plate based immunoassay. We compared IgE-reactivity of 106 AE-patients (10mo.-70y.) and healthy controls on protein-extracts of all four cell types. 25% of AE-pts. showed IgE-autoreactivity against pKc from non-AE patients, 29% against pKc of AE-pts. and 33% against FHs74 Int. cells. Interestingly, the highest reactivity was detected in children. pKc from non-AE and AE-pts. bound more auto-IgE than HaCaT cells. This study identified auto-IgE at a similar level as reported previously. The IgE-specificity did not show organ-specificity, but auto-IgE seems to be an early immunological feature of AE in children. Current studies in birth-cohorts address the kinetics of auto-IgE-levels in relation to age and disease activity.
Characterization of Functional Domains of the Eukaryotic Co-chaperone Hip (1997)

The homo-oligomeric Hip protein cooperates with the 70-kDa heat shock cognate Hsc70 in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptide chains and in the conformational regulation of signaling molecules known to interact with Hsc70 and Hsp90. In order to further assess the role of Hip during protein biogenesis, a structure-function analysis of the Hip protein was initiated. By employing the yeast two-hybrid system, the Hsc70-binding site of Hip was mapped to a domain comprising multiple tetratricopeptide repeats and flanking charged alpha-helices. Affinity chromatography confirmed direct interaction of isolated Hip fragments and protein fusions bearing this region with the ATPase domain of Hsc70 in an ATP- and salt-dependent manner. Contact of Hip with the ATPase domain appears to be mediated primarily by the positively charged alpha-helix following the tetratricopeptide repeats. Furthermore, a domain required for homo-oligomerization was identified at the extreme amino terminus of Hip.
Heterocyclic Thrombin Inhibitors. Part 1. Design and Synthesis of Amidino‐Phenoxy Quinoline Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dual-Polarized Tapered Slot-Line Antenna Array Fed by Rotman Lens Air-Filled Ridge-Port Design (2009)

A novel ridge-port Rotman-lens is described, which operates as a lens with tapered slot-line ports. The lens parallel-plates mirror the ridge-ports to tapered slot-line ports. The lens height is half the height of the antenna array row, and two lenses can be stacked and feed one dual-polarized antenna array row, thus yielding a compact antenna system. The lens is air-filled, so it is easy to manufacture and repeatable in performance with no dielectric tolerances and losses, and it is lightweight compared to a dielectric lens. The lens with elongated tapered ports operates down to the antenna array low frequency, thus utilizing the large antenna bandwidth. These features make the ridge-port air-filled lens more useful than a conventional microstrip Rotman lens.
Body Surface Area Predicts Plasma Oxaliplatin and Pharmacokinetic Advantage in Hyperthermic Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (2013)

Higher BSA is correlated with lower plasma drug levels and greater pharmacokinetic advantage in HIPEC, likely because of increased circulating blood volume with inadequate time for equilibration. Plasma glucose levels after oxaliplatin HIPEC were not clearly related to BSA.
[Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitor on expression of IL-8 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COPD patients]. (2005)

The results indicated that IL-8 mRNA may play a pathogenic role in the development of COPD and that selective PDE type IV inhibitor Rolipram inhibit the expression of IL-8 mRNA via NF-kappaB.
Highly efficient and stable deep-blue emitting anthracene-derived molecular glass for versatile types of non-doped OLED applications (2011)

New anthracene-based deep-blue emitting molecular glass, 9-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-10-(naphthalene-1-yl)anthracene (PCAN), which is asymmetrically functionalized with N-phenylcarbazole and naphthalene, has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The deep-blue emitting PCAN is efficiently secured for color purity, has high glass transition temperature (Tg = 151 °C), and has excellent solubility (>100 mg mL−1 in toluene), due to its highly tilted asymmetric molecular conformation. Using processing versatility of PCAN, vacuum-deposited and solution-processed non-doped deep-blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were prepared, which employ PCAN as an emitter. The vacuum deposited, non-doped EL device exhibited not only the excellent luminance efficiency and external quantum efficiency (as high as 3.64 cd A−1 and 4.61%, respectively) for the saturated deep-blue CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.151, 0.086), but also stable performance and a good device lifetime. Furthermore, the solution processed EL device also exhibited an encouraging level of performance (1.24%, 1.15 cd A−1) and deep-blue emission (0.159, 0.105).
Optimization of wedelolactone accumulation in shoot cultures of Eclipta alba. (2003)

Influence of different environmental factors on accumulation of wedelolactone, a potential anti-hepatotoxic principle of E. alba in shoot cultures was investigated. A significant increase in the content of wedelolactone due to kinetin treatment, temperature change and photoperiod alteration in shoot cultures was observed. Incorporation of phenylalanine in the medium also increased content of wedelolactone significantly in a dose-dependent manner.
Bereitstellungsketten für Halmgutbrennstoffe (2015)

ln einer Modellrechnung wird die Verfahrenskette der selbstfahrenden Pelletiermaschine mit stationären Pelletiervarianten sowie mit den konventionellen Bergeverfahren Quaderballen oder Häckselguternte verglichen. Die Teilkosten für Ernte, Laden, Transportieren, Lagern, Umschlagen und gegebenenfalls Aufbereiten werden für Getreideganzpflanzen und Stroh errechnet und aufaddiert. Beim heutigen Entwicklungsstand liegen die Mehrkosten für Pellets gegenüber Ballen frei Feuerung bei etwa 50,- bis 86,- DM/t.
Antioxidant activities of some tryptophan metabolites: possible implication for inflammatory diseases. (1990)

The antioxidant properties of tryptophan and some of its oxidative metabolites were examined by measuring how efficiently they inhibited peroxyl radical-mediated oxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes and B-phycoerythrin. Low micromolar concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptophan, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, or 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, but not their corresponding nonhydroxylated metabolic precursors, scavenged peroxyl radicals with high efficiency. In particular, 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid protected B-phycoerythrin from peroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage more effectively than equimolar amounts of either ascorbate or Trolox (a water-soluble analog of vitamin E). Enzyme activities involved or related to oxidative tryptophan metabolism, as well as endogenous concentrations of tryptophan and its metabolites, were determined within tissues of mice suffering from acute viral pneumonia. Infection resulted in a 100-fold induction of pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.17) as reported [Yoshida, R., Urade, Y., Tokuda, M. & Hayaishi, O. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4084-4086]. This was accompanied by a 16- and 3-fold increase in the levels of lung kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, respectively. In contrast, endogenous concentrations of tryptophan and xanthurenic acid did not increase and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid could not be detected. The activity of the superoxide anion (O2-.)-producing enzyme xanthine oxidase increased 3.5-fold during infection while that of the O2-.-removing superoxide dismutase decreased to 50% of control levels. These results plus the known requirement of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase for superoxide anion for catalytic activity suggest that viral pneumonia is accompanied by oxidative stress and that induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase may represent a local antioxidant defence against this and possibly other types of inflammatory diseases.
A 3.5 GHz Wideband ADPLL With Fractional Spur Suppression Through TDC Dithering and Feedforward Compensation (2010)

Nonlinearities in the time-to-digital converter (TDC) are a significant source of fractional spurs in a divider-less fractional-N ADPLL. Using an abstract model for the TDC, this paper presents a dithering method which is mathematically shown to suppress fractional tones, in conjunction with a feedforward dither cancellation technique which suppresses dither-induced phase noise. A mostly-digital calibration algorithm is also presented which ensures consistent phase noise cancellation across PVT conditions. The aforementioned techniques are implemented in a 65 nm digital CMOS prototype running at 3.5 GHz from a 35 MHz reference. The ADPLL demonstrates - 101 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise at a bandwidth of 3.4 MHz, - 58 dBc worst fractional spurious performance across the entire fractional range, and consumes 8.7 mW from a 1.2 V supply.