gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the map metaphor in a tool for software evolution (2001)

Software maintenance and evolution are the dominant activities in the software lifecycle. Modularization can separate design decisions and allow them to be independently evolved, but modularization often breaks down and complicated global changes are required. Tool support can reduce the costs of these unfortunate changes, but current tools are limited in their ability to manage information for large-scale software evolution. In this paper we argue that the map metaphor can serve as an organizing principle for the design of effective tools for performing global software changes. We describe the design of Aspect Browser, developed around the map metaphor, and discuss a case study of removing a feature from a 500,000 line program written in Fortran and C.
ChemInform Abstract: Terminally Protected 1‐Phenyl‐1,5‐hexadiyne‐3,4‐diones as First Members of the Class of Dialkynyl‐1,2‐diones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simple, comprehensive correlation of organic oxidation and ionization potentials (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple, comprehensive correlation of organic oxidation and ionization potentialsLarry L. Miller, G. D. Nordblom, and Edward A. MayedaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 6, 916–918Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00971a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00971a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views835Altmetric-Citations226LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of radar cross section analysis system of naval ships (2012)

A software system for a complex object scattering analysis, named SYSCOS, has been developed for a systematic radar cross section (RCS) analysis and reduction design. The system is based on the high frequency analysis methods of physical optics, geometrical optics, and physical theory of diffraction, which are suitable for RCS analysis of electromagnetically large and complex targets as like naval ships. In addition, a direct scattering center analysis function has been included, which gives relatively simple and intuitive way to discriminate problem areas in design stage when comparing with conventional image-based approaches. In this paper, the theoretical background and the organization of the SYSCOS system are presented. To verify its accuracy and to demonstrate its applicability, numerical analyses for a square plate, a sphere and a cylinder, a weapon system and a virtual naval ship have been carried out, of which results have been compared with analytic solutions and those obtained by the other existing software.
S100A4 involvement in metastasis: deregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in osteosarcoma cells transfected with an anti-S100A4 ribozyme. (1999)

The biological function of the metastasis-associated gene S100A4 is not fully understood, although there is evidence indicating interactions between the gene product and the cytoskeleton. We have examined whether an association could exist between S100A4 and the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs). For these studies, three clones of a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line (OHS) transfected with a hammerhead ribozyme directed against the S100A4 gene transcript were used. The clones demonstrated different expression levels of S100A4 and also different metastatic capacity. In the clone with the most prominent down-regulation of S100A4, the mRNA levels of MMP2, membrane type (MT) 1-MMP, and TIMP-1 were significantly reduced in exponentially growing cultures. Western blots, gelatin zymography, and ELISA showed similar expression patterns of MMPs and TIMPs at the protein level. In the clones with an intermediate expression of S100A4, reduced expression of MT1-MMP and TIMP-1 was detected, whereas the expression of MMP-2 was at the same level as in the control cells. In contrast to the other factors, TIMP-2 was up-regulated in all of the clones independent of the extent of ribozyme-induced down-regulation of S100A4. The transwell chamber assay demonstrated that the capacity of the ribozyme-transfected cells to cross uncoated filters was reduced, relative to control cells, according to the reduction in the S100A4 expression level. The clone with the lowest reduction in S100A4 did not demonstrate different motility compared with control cells, whereas transfectants with only 5% S100A4 mRNA showed a 50% reduction in motility. Interestingly, this trend was even more striking when the capacity to cross Matrigel-coated filters was analyzed, as all the clones demonstrated between 40 and 75% reduced invasion. It is concluded that S100A4 may exert its effect on metastasis formation not only by stimulating the motility of tumor cells but also by affecting their invasive properties through influencing the expression of MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors.
Thiocyanate Metabolism in Human Vitamin B12 Deficiency (1972)

Patients with subacute combined degeneration who smoked had significantly lowered plasma thiocyanate levels than control smokers, but plasma thiocyanate levels in non-smoking patients with neurological disease due to vitamin B(12) deficiency were not significantly different from control values. The results provide no support for the hypothesis that chronic cyanide intoxication is responsible for the occurrence of neurological disease in a minority of patients with vitamin B(12) deficiency, although they do not conclusively exclude this possibility. The association between smoking and subacute combined degeneration of the cord has been confirmed in this study but it remains unexplained.
Liberated by Employment? (1998)

This paper is a discussion of how an organisation providing community support developed its employment strategy to focus on gainful employment, valued employment roles, citizenship and human rights, from a traditional model with support/activity workers and sheltered employment, to social firms, employment development and supported employment at differing levels.
A GaAs MESFET sample and hold switch [for video A/D conversion] (1980)

A monolithic GaAs MESFET sample and hold switch has been designed, primarily as a research vehicle for GaAs linear integrated circuit technology. A novel FET-ring circuit configuration has been used in order to overcome the problems associated with switch drive in more conventional circuits.
THE EFFECT OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITORS ON SPINAL FUSION (2002)

These results suggest that celecoxib does not significantly inhibit the rate of spinal fusion in rabbits. They also suggest that the inhibitory effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bone-healing are likely mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and that celecoxib is the better choice if treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is deemed necessary following spinal arthrodesis.
Quantitative photoelastic characterization of residual strain and its correlation with dislocation density profile in semi-insulating LEC-grown GaAs wafers (2005)

By using a newly-developed computer-controlled infrared polariscope, strain-induced birefringence has been measured to characterize residual strain in thin LEC-grown GaAs [100] wafers. It is found that the residual strain profile exhibit fourfold symmetry and the maximum value attains to the order of 10/sup -5/ /spl sim/ 10/sup -4/. EPD profile has been also measured to explore a correlation between the residual strain and EPD. A model is proposed to explain the correlation between the residual strain and EPD profiles, which is found fairly to explain the present experimental results.
Assessment: Prevention of post–lumbar puncture headaches (2000)

Review of the literature on prevention of post-lumbar puncture headaches (PLPHAs) since the publication of the original assessment in 2000 yielded one study comparing use of cutting to atraumatic needles in diagnostic lumbar punctures, providing Class I evidence in favor of the atraumatic needle. Taken in conjunction with data from most studies in the anesthesiology literature, the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee concluded that use of an atraumatic spinal needle in adult patient populations reduces the frequency of PLPHA (Level A recommendation). It affirmed a previous conclusion that smaller needle size is associated with reduced frequency of PLPHA (Level A recommendation).
Die Grundsätze der Finanzplanung in Industriebetrieben (1965)

Die Entwicklung der wirtschaftlichen und technischen Daten im inner- und außerbetrieblichen Raum unterliegt Zufälligkeiten, welche die Stetigkeit des unternehmerischen Geschehens stören können. Um diese Zufälligkeiten auszuschalten, ist der Betriebs- und Geschäftsablauf im voraus zu durchdenken1). Dabei wird die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Unternehmung berücksichtigt2). Die Planung umfaßt alle Erwägungen über die anzustrebenden unternehmerischen Ziele und auch alle Bemühungen, wie diese Ziele erreicht werden können3). Das unternehmerische Geschehen soll nicht willkürlich verlaufen, sondern nach einem Programm vollzogen werden. Nach Gutenberg ist Planen die von der Unternehmungsleitung auszuübende dispositive Tätigkeit, die eine bestimmte Ordnung schaffen will4). Geschieht der Betriebs- und Geschäftsablauf wiederholt nach einem bestimmten Schema, dann ist damit die Voraussetzung gegeben, diesen Ablauf organisatorisch zu gestalten und zu planen5).
All-optical switch based on the local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2007)

We proposed a new all-optical switch by using the phase modulation of spatial solitons. The proposed structure is composed of the nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the straight control waveguide, the uniform nonlinear medium and the nonlinear output waveguides. The local nonlinear MZI functions like a phase shifter. The light-induced index changes in the local nonlinear MZI make the output signal beam routing in the uniform nonlinear medium. The all-optical switching scheme employs angular deflection of spatial solitons controlled by phase modulation created in the local nonlinear MZI. By properly launching the control power and increasing the length of the uniform nonlinear medium, this device can be generalized to a 1xN all-optical switch. It would be a potential key component in the applications of ultra-high-speed optical communications and optical data processing system.
Acquired Resistance and Clonal Evolution in Melanoma during BRAF Inhibitor Therapy (2013)

BRAF inhibitors elicit rapid antitumor responses in the majority of patients with BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma, but acquired drug resistance is almost universal. We sought to identify the core resistance pathways and the extent of tumor heterogeneity during disease progression. We show that mitogen-activated protein kinase reactivation mechanisms were detected among 70% of disease-progressive tissues, with RAS mutations, mutant BRAF amplification, and alternative splicing being most common. We also detected PI3K-PTEN-AKT-upregulating genetic alterations among 22% of progressive melanomas. Distinct molecular lesions in both core drug escape pathways were commonly detected concurrently in the same tumor or among multiple tumors from the same patient. Beyond harboring extensively heterogeneous resistance mechanisms, melanoma regrowth emerging from BRAF inhibitor selection displayed branched evolution marked by altered mutational spectra/signatures and increased fitness. Thus, melanoma genomic heterogeneity contributes significantly to BRAF inhibitor treatment failure, implying upfront, cotargeting of two core pathways as an essential strategy for durable responses.
Exploring the role of gaze behavior and object detection in scene understanding (2013)

We posit that a person’s gaze behavior while freely viewing a scene contains an abundance of information, not only about their intent and what they consider to be important in the scene, but also about the scene’s content. Experiments are reported, using two popular image datasets from computer vision, that explore the relationship between the fixations that people make during scene viewing, how they describe the scene, and automatic detection predictions of object categories in the scene. From these exploratory analyses, we then combine human behavior with the outputs of current visual recognition methods to build prototype human in the loop applications for gaze-enabled object detection and scene annotation.
Cathepsin B Inhibition Limits Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer (2012)

Metastasis to bone is a major cause of morbidity in breast cancer patients, emphasizing the importance of identifying molecular drivers of bone metastasis for new therapeutic targets. The endogenous cysteine cathepsin inhibitor stefin A is a suppressor of breast cancer metastasis to bone that is coexpressed with cathepsin B in bone metastases. In this study, we used the immunocompetent 4T1.2 model of breast cancer which exhibits spontaneous bone metastasis to evaluate the function and therapeutic targeting potential of cathepsin B in this setting of advanced disease. Cathepsin B abundancy in the model mimicked human disease, both at the level of primary tumors and matched spinal metastases. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of cathepsin B in tumor cells reduced collagen I degradation in vitro and bone metastasis in vivo. Similarly, intraperitoneal administration of the highly selective cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074 reduced metastasis in tumor-bearing animals, a reduction that was not reproduced by the broad spectrum cysteine cathepsin inhibitor JPM-OEt. Notably, metastasis suppression by CA-074 was maintained in a late treatment setting, pointing to a role in metastatic outgrowth. Together, our findings established a prometastatic role for cathepsin B in distant metastasis and illustrated the therapeutic benefits of its selective inhibition in vivo.
Sintering of Fine Iron Powders Produced from Ferrous Oxalate Dihydrate (1982)

The oxalate rather than the nitrate was chosen because of the difficulties in heating the latter and removing the large amounts of nitrogen oxides that would be formed. Many industrial processes, such as the Hogana.s process (magnetite and carbon) and the Pyron process (millscale and hydrogen), involve the decomposition of oxides to produce iron powders. Other techniques involve the chloride, as in the Peace River process,! to produce iron. The ammonium sulphates have been used to produce nickel powders as in the Sherrit-Gordon process.2 The last two processes involve heating the compound in a stream of hydrogen. The Sol-Gel process3 makes use of the hydroxide gels which are reduced in hydrogen; this method is able to produce submicrometre sized powders. More elaborate reduction processes are used by the Domsa process for making iron powders by the reduction of millscale (Fe304) in methane. Other methods using hydrides as reducing agents4 have been used to produce vanadium and chromium powders. Arias5 describes a method used to produce chromium and nickel from their oxides by reduction with magnesium, sodium, or lithium vapour. It is possible to use the carbony16 to produce nickel powders by heating alone, as in the Mond process, and in theory this process could be used to produce iron powders. In many of the processes mentioned it is sometimes difficult to control the final particle size of the powder and, in some iron powder production processes, a crushing/grinding/milling stage has to be introduced. The oxalate has not been used in an industrial metal powder production process so far; however, the present work was part of a larger research programme 7 investigating the kinetics of reduction processes involving metallic salts. The results on the fine iron powders produced from that research by this route are presented here because of
New fixed frequency AC current controller for a single phase voltage source inverter (2003)

The performance of AC current supplies depends on the characteristic of the current controller technique. In this paper, we propose a new AC current control method with constant switching frequency. This controller is a hybrid controller using both sliding mode control and peak current control. The sliding mode controller generates robustness properties according to the load parameter variations and the peak controller method ensures rapid dynamic response and a fixed switching frequency, well adapted to the current tracking issues like harmonic filtering. In addition, its implementation is relatively simple. To explain the irregular current comportment not foreseen by the high frequency average model a mathematical analysis adapted to chaos theory is developed. Both simulations and experimental results are given to validate theoretical modeling.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 antagonists: a survey of recent patent literature (2010)

The continued profusion of reports, in both the primary and patent literature, attests to the sustained interest in the TRPV1 class of therapeutics. Although a number of compounds have now been brought forward for human clinical trials, the therapeutic utility of TRPV1 antagonists is yet to be validated unequivocally.
Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimers Disease (2005)

Currently, a handful of FDA approved drugs are commercially available to treat Alzheimers disease (AD). Among these, Tacrine (Cognex), Donepezil (Aricept), Rivastigmine (Exelon), Galantamine (Reminyl) and Memantine (Nemenda; Forest) are either acetylcholinesterase or N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists. These are only palliative solutions, however, and side effects remain an important concern. Clearly, the search for more potent and effacious drugs for the treatment of AD is one of the most pressing pharmacological goals, and many more drugs are either in clinical trials or are being tested in laboratories around the world, both in academia and industry. In this review, we will compare the aforementioned five drugs with several other molecules that are currently in clinical trials or are ready to go into clinical trials. These will include antioxidants, metal chelators, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as other AChE and NMDA inhibitors. In addition, medicinal chemistry approaches toward designing better pharmaceuticals will be discussed. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, therapeutic agents, drugs, pharmaceuticals, X-ray crystal structure, computational chemistry, medicinal chemistry, AD treatment
The role of Surprise, Curiosity and Hunger on Exploration of Unknown Environments Populated with Entities (2005)

This paper describes an approach based on affect to the problem of exploring unknown environments populated with entities by agents. To this end, a multi-agent system based on the notion of affect as well as on the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model was used. The affective component of the agents is confined to the motivations that are usually associated to exploratory behavior: surprise, curiosity and hunger. An experiment that evaluates the role of these motivations in exploration performance is presented
Synthesis Rate of Muscle Proteins, Muscle Functions, and Amino Acid Kinetics in Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

Improvement of glycemic status by insulin is associated with profound changes in amino acid metabolism in type 1 diabetes. In contrast, a dissociation of insulin effect on glucose and amino acid metabolism has been reported in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetic patients are reported to have reduced muscle oxidative enzymes and VO(2max). We investigated the effect of 11 days of intensive insulin treatment (T(2)D+) on whole-body amino acid kinetics, muscle protein synthesis rates, and muscle functions in eight type 2 diabetic subjects after withdrawing all treatments for 2 weeks (T(2)D-) and compared the results with those of weight-matched lean control subjects using stable isotopes of the amino acids. Whole-body leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine fluxes, leucine oxidation, and plasma amino acid levels were similar in all groups, although plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in T(2)D-. Insulin treatment reduced leucine nitrogen flux and transamination rates in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Synthesis rates of muscle mitochondrial, sarcoplasmic, and mixed muscle proteins were not affected by glycemic status or insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Muscle strength was also unaffected by diabetes or glycemic status. In contrast, the diabetic patients showed increased tendency for muscle fatigability. Insulin treatment also failed to stimulate muscle cytochrome C oxidase activity in the diabetic patients, although it modestly elevated citrate synthase. In conclusion, improvement of glycemic status by insulin treatment did not alter whole-body amino acid turnover in type 2 diabetic subjects, but leucine nitrogen flux, transamination rates, and plasma ketoisocaproate level were decreased. Insulin treatments in subjects with type 2 diabetes had no effect on muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis and cytochrome C oxidase, a key enzyme for ATP production.
Novel automatic bias voltage control for travelling-wave electrode optical modulators (1991)

A novel method to control the bias voltage of LiNbO3 travelling-wave electrode Mach–Zehnder modulators for multigigabit per second NRZ signals is proposed. This method uses the difference in modulator bandwidth for copropagating and counterpropagating signals against the travelling modulation field. This method successfully controls a modulator without distorting the output optical waveform.
Percutaneous prostate cryoablation (1995)

Recent advances in technique and equipment of prostate cryosurgery now make percutaneous prostate cryoablation with transrectal ultrasound guidance a useful treatment for patients with unresectable locally extensive disease. This text covers the essential techniques in prostate cryosurgery.
The Beauty of Errors: Patterns of Error Correction in Desktop Speech Systems. (1999)

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have improved greatly over the last three decades. However, even with 98% reported accuracy, error correction still consumes a significant portion of user effort in text creation tasks. We report on data collected during a study of three commercially available ASR systems that show how initial users of speech systems tend to fixate on a single strategy for error correction. This tendency coupled with application assumptions about how error correction features will be used, combine to make a very frustrating, and unsatisfying user experience. We observe two distinct error correction patterns: spiral depth (Oviatt & van Gent, 1996) and cascades. In contrast, users with more extensive experience learn to switch correction strategies more quickly.