gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coulomb gap and low temperature conductivity of disordered systems (1975)

The Coulomb interaction between localized electrons is shown to create a 'soft' gap in the density of states near the Fermi level. The new temperature dependence of the hopping DC conductivity is the most important manifestation of the gap. The form of the density of states within the gap is discussed.
Investigation of the role of the micro-porous layer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells with hydrogen deuterium contrast neutron radiography (2012)

In this study, the high resolution hydrogen-deuterium contrast radiography method was applied to elucidate the impact of the micro-porous layer (MPL) on water distribution in the porous fuel cell media. At the steady state, deuterium replaced hydrogen in the anode stream, and the large difference in neutron attenuation of the D(2)O produced at the cathode was used to track the produced water. It was found that the water content peaked in the cathode-side diffusion media (DM) for the cell without MPL, but with an MPL on the anode and cathode DM, the peak water amount was pushed toward the anode, resulting in a relatively flattened water profile through components and demonstrating a liquid barrier effect. Additionally, the dynamic water behavior in diffusion media was analyzed to understand the effect of a MPL and operating conditions. The water content in the DM changed with applied current, although there is a significant amount of residual liquid content that does not appear to be part of capillary channels. The effect of the MPL on irreducible saturation in DM and cell performance was also investigated.
Super‐“Amphiphobic” Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films (2001)

Fluoroalkylsilane treatment of super-hydrophobic, aligned carbon nanotube films (see electron micrograph) prepared by pyrolysis of metal phthalocyanines results in the films having both super-hydrophobic and super-lipophobic properties, namely they are super-“amphiphobic” surfaces. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2001/z15871_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
VISAR: line-imaging interferometer (1991)

This paper describes a Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) technique that extends velocity measurements from single points to a line. Single-frequency argon laser light was focused through a cylindrical lens to illuminate a line on a surface. The initially stationary flat surface was accelerated unevenly during the experiment. Motion produced a Doppler-shift of light reflected from the surface that was proportional to the velocity at each point. The Dopplershifted image of the illuminated line was focused from the surface through a pushpull VISAR interferometer where the light was split into four quadrature-coded images. When the surface accelerated the Doppler-shift caused the interference for each point on each line image to oscillate sinusoidally. Coherent fiber optic bundles transmitted images from the interferometer to an electronic streak camera for sweeping in time and recording on film. Data reduction combined the images to yield a continuous velocity and displacement history for all points on the surface that reflected sufficient light. The technique was demonsirated in an experiment where most of the surface was rapidly driven to a saddle shape by an exploding foil. Computer graphics were used to display the measured velocity history and to aid visualization of the surface motion. 1.
Epidemiological study of<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>strains of animal origin in Belgium (1991)

Since 1987, the number of cases of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enteritidis has considerably increased in Western Europe. Comparison of endemic animal strains isolated in Belgium from 1976-84 with strains isolated from 1987 on shows that the strains which cause the current epidemic have no features distinguishing them from the previously-isolated strains and that furthermore, they do not constitute a bacterial clone. They belong to 13 different lysotypes and in most cases remain sensitive to antibiotics. Nevertheless, the lysotype 33 (which belongs to the phage type 4 has increased significantly. It encompasses 37% of the animal strains isolated in Belgium from 1987-9, but only 7% of the strains isolated from 1976-84. It is worth noting that the endemic as well as the epidemic strains contain a virulence plasmid sharing sequence similarities with the FIB and FIIA plasmid replicons and with the VirA and VirB virulence regions of the S. typhimurium virulent plasmid: pIP1350.
Aerosol-Assisted Extraction of Silicon Nanoparticles from Wafer Slicing Waste for Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

A large amount of silicon debris particles are generated during the slicing of silicon ingots into thin wafers for the fabrication of integrated-circuit chips and solar cells. This results in a significant loss of valuable materials at about 40% of the mass of ingots. In addition, a hazardous silicon sludge waste is produced containing largely debris of silicon, and silicon carbide, which is a common cutting material on the slicing saw. Efforts in material recovery from the sludge and recycling have been largely directed towards converting silicon or silicon carbide into other chemicals. Here, we report an aerosol-assisted method to extract silicon nanoparticles from such sludge wastes and their use in lithium ion battery applications. Using an ultrasonic spray-drying method, silicon nanoparticles can be directly recovered from the mixture with high efficiency and high purity for making lithium ion battery anode. The work here demonstrated a relatively low cost approach to turn wafer slicing wastes into much higher value-added materials for energy applications, which also helps to increase the sustainability of semiconductor material and device manufacturing.
Identification of Potential Prognostic Markers for Knee Osteoarthritis by Serum Proteomic Analysis (2013)

Three potential biomarkers were identified whose serum levels differed significantly between OA progressors and nonprogressors. These biomarkers are expected to be prognostic biomarkers for knee OA and to facilitate the development of novel disease-modifying treatments for OA.
Facilitation of urokinase‐mediated fibrinolysis by MST‐188 (833.7) (2014)

Introduction MST‐188 (Mast Therapeutics, San Diego, CA.) is a highly purified form of the , triblock copolymer poloxamer 188. It exhibits potent rheologic properties that result in improved blood flow especially under low shear conditions. Initial observations suggested that endogenous fibrinolysis is facilitated by this agent. In this study we investigate the effect of MST‐188 on urokinase induced fibrinolysis. Materials and Methods A dynamic fibrinokinetic assay was used to assess both the assembly and dissolution of fibrin clots. MST‐188 (0 ‐ 10 mg/ml) was added to citrated human plasma with and without urokinase at a concentrations between 0 ‐ 2,500 U/ml (N=10‐15 donors). Clotting was initiated with the sequential addition of and calcium chloride (0.25 uM) and then thrombin (0.5u/ml). Absorbance was monitored to detect the assembly and dissolution of fibrin. Results Control studies of MST‐188 alone had a dose dependent effect on fibrin assembly as reflected by both the rate of change and peak optical density. Urokinase alone showed no effect on clot formation but a dose dependent increase in clot lysis. Supplementation of MST‐188 to urokinase facilitated its lytic profile in a concentration dependent manner accelerating the time to onset of lysis and reducing the overall AUC for clot dissolution. Discussion These results demonstrate that MST‐ 188 increases urokinase mediated fibrinolysis. The increase in the susceptibility of the formed clot to lysis in the presence of MST‐188 may be due to structural modification of the clot. MST‐188 may bind to fibrin strands, thereby modifying their accessibility to the lytic action of generated plasmin.
Biofilm material properties as related to shear-induced deformation and detachment phenomena (2002)

Biofilms of various Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were grown in glass flow cells under laminar and turbulent flows. By relating the physical deformation of biofilms to variations in fluid shear, we found that the biofilms were viscoelastic fluids which behaved like elastic solids over periods of a few seconds but like linear viscous fluids over longer times. These data can be explained using concepts of associated polymeric systems, suggesting that the extracellular polymeric slime matrix determines the cohesive strength. Biofilms grown under high shear tended to form filamentous streamers while those grown under low shear formed an isotropic pattern of mound-shaped microcolonies. In some cases, sustained creep and necking in response to elevated shear resulted in a time-dependent fracture failure of the "tail" of the streamer from the attached upstream "head." In addition to structural differences, our data suggest that biofilms grown under higher shear were more strongly attached and were cohesively stronger than those grown under lower shears.
Experimental and thermodynamic study of equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -H 2 O-CO 2 (1975)

The Petrology and Geochemistry of Alteration Assemblages in the Eastern Creek Volcanics, as a Guide to Copper and Uranium Mobility Associated with Regional Metamorphism and Deformation, Mount Isa, Queensland
Composite electrospun nanomembranes of fish scale collagen peptides/chito-oligosaccharides: antibacterial properties and potential for wound dressing (2011)

FSCP are superior to mammalian collagen, and have feasibility and potency for wound dressings. FSCP/COS NFMs had good anti-bactericidal activity that improved with increased COS, and showed good biocompatibility in vitro and supported the proliferation of fibroblasts.
What We Should Know About the Cellular and Tissue Response Causing Catheter Obstruction in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus (2011)

The treatment of hydrocephalus by cerebrospinal fluid shunting is plagued by ventricular catheter obstruction. Shunts can become obstructed by cells originating from tissue normal to the brain or by pathological cells in the cerebrospinal fluid for a variety of reasons. In this review, the authors examine ventricular catheter obstruction and identify some of the modifications to the ventricular catheter that may alter the mechanical and chemical cues involved in obstruction, including alterations to the surgical strategy, modifications to the chemical surface of the catheter, and changes to the catheter architecture. It is likely a combination of catheter modifications that will improve the treatment of hydrocephalus by prolonging the life of ventricular catheters to improve patient outcome.
A Hidden Markov Model Combining Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium Information for Haplotype Reconstruction and Quantitative Trait Locus Fine Mapping (2009)

Faithful reconstruction of haplotypes from diploid marker data (phasing) is important for many kinds of genetic analyses, including mapping of trait loci, prediction of genomic breeding values, and identification of signatures of selection. In human genetics, phasing most often exploits population information (linkage disequilibrium), while in animal genetics the primary source of information is familial (Mendelian segregation and linkage). We herein develop and evaluate a method that simultaneously exploits both sources of information. It builds on hidden Markov models that were initially developed to exploit population information only. We demonstrate that the approach improves the accuracy of allele phasing as well as imputation of missing genotypes. Reconstructed haplotypes are assigned to hidden states that are shown to correspond to clusters of genealogically related chromosomes. We show that these cluster states can directly be used to fine map QTL. The method is computationally effective at handling large data sets based on high-density SNP panels.
Superior resistive switching memory and biological synapse properties based on a simple TiN/SiO<sub>2</sub>/p-Si tunneling junction structure (2017)

In this study, a simple TiN/SiO<sub>2</sub>/p-Si tunneling junction structure was fabricated <italic>via</italic> thermal oxidation growth on a Si substrate annealed at 600 °C.
Acoustic whispering gallery mode resonator with Q &#x003E; 109,000 at 515MHz (2012)

A capacitive-gap transduced micromechanical resonator design based on an acoustic whispering gallery mode (WGM) constructed in micro-crystalline diamond has achieved a Q >;109,000 at 515MHz, posting an f·Q product of >;5.6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> . The key to this performance is anchor-loss nulling by the WGM, as evidenced by comparison of Q values between radial-contour modes and WGM ones on the same disk device, where a 2-3× enhancement of Q is observed. Q's exceeding 100,000 should enable unprecedented RF front-end frequency selectivity and low phase noise oscillators for future communications.
Paradigm Phase Shift: RF MEMS Phase Shifters: An Overview (2016)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been familiar in the field of microelectronics and device technology since 1965, when Harvey C. Nathanson invented the first MEMS device (known as the resonant gate transistor). Since that time, MEMS have represented a prominent field for academic research, with simplified implementations of several devices such as sensors, transducers, actuators, and accelerometers being fabricated. According to MEMS technology, all devices could be fabricated using standard integrated circuit (IC) techniques, with the device?s lateral dimensions normally ranging from a maximum of 500 nm to submicron ranges.
High-performance supported catalysts with an ionic liquid layer for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene (2011)

Pd-Ag shell catalysts impregnated with two different ionic liquids show considerable improvements both in ethylene selectivity and reduced ethane formation in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene under tail-end conditions.
The TD 50 : A Proposed General Convention for the Numerical Description of the Carcinogenic Potency of Chemicals in Chronic-Exposure Animal Experiments (1984)

Richard Peto, Malcolm C. Pike, Leslie Bernstein, Lois Swirsky Gold, Bruce N. Ames, The TD50: A Proposed General Convention for the Numerical Description of the Carcinogenic Potency of Chemicals in Chronic-Exposure Animal Experiments, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 58 (Dec., 1984), pp. 1-8
Demonstration of non-opioid sigma binding with (d)3H-SKF 10047 in guinea pig brain. (1985)

A non-opioid binding site to (d)3H-SKF 10047 (N-allyl-normetazocine), the prototypic ligand for the sigma or PCP-like receptor, was demonstrated. The (d) isomer of 3H-SKF 10047 was used to demonstrate a stereospecific low affinity binding site with a Kd of 173nM. It was naloxone insensitive with an IC50 of greater than 10,000nM, which defined it as non-opioid. Traditional mu compounds like morphine and FK 33824 were also inactive, with IC50's of greater than 10,000nM. Kappa compounds such as ethylketocyclazocine and U-50,488H were active as were all of the benzmorphans tested, with butorphanol the least active. The known antipsychotic haloperidol was the most active compound tested, with an IC50 of 11nM. Other antipsychotics which demonstrated activity were chlorpromazine and pimozide. The atypical antipsychotic clozapine was inactive.
Robust Integrated optimization of Active Distribution Network Based on System Risk Index (2020)

This paper presents a comprehensive distribution robust optimization model based on the distribution network risk index to address the distributional uncertainties of distributed generations (DGs) and loads. To analyze the security of active distribution network (ADN) systematically, a risk assessment method based on improved semi-invariant method and clustering technique is proposed. The risk assessment method is performed on the integrated dynamic reconfiguration and reactive power optimization model. This method can consider the correlation between distributed power sources, and when the injected power is large, the calculation results with higher accuracy can be obtained Case studies on the PG&E 69-bus system verify the robustness and feasibility of the proposed model.
The kinetics of the reaction of iron(III) chelates of aminopolycarboxylic acids with ascorbic acid (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe kinetics of the reaction of iron(III) chelates of aminopolycarboxylic acids with ascorbic acidM. M. Taqui Khan and A. E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 13, 3386–3389Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01015a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01015a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observation of Backward Pulse Propagation Through a Medium with a Negative Group Velocity (2006)

The nature of pulse propagation through a material with a negative value of the group velocity has been mysterious, as simple models seem to predict that pulses will propagate "backward" through such a material. Using an erbium-doped optical fiber and measuring the time evolution of the pulse intensity at many points within the fiber, we demonstrate that the peak of the pulse does propagate backward inside the fiber, even though the energy flow is always in the forward direction.
Promoter Interference Mediated by the U3 Region in Early-Generation HIV-1–Derived Lentivirus Vectors Can Influence Detection of Transgene Expression in a Cell-Type and Species-Specific Manner (2003)

In a previous study using an early-generation VSV-G-pseudotyped lentivirus vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of a human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter, we examined transduction efficiency in dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures. In cultures of murine origin, transgene expression was observed solely in the sensory neurons with the stromal cell population failing to show evidence of transduction. In contrast, efficient and sustained transduction of both sensory neurons and the stromal cell population was observed in cultures of human origin. Given the widespread use of murine models in preclinical gene therapy studies, in the current study we investigated the basis of this apparent neuron specificity of lentivirus-mediated transduction in murine DRG cultures. The interspecies differences persisted at high multiplicities of infection, and irrespective of whether lentiviral vector stocks were packaged in the presence or absence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory proteins. Cell-type specificity of CMV promoter expression, tropism of the VSV-G envelope, and blocks to molecular transduction were also precluded as possible mechanisms, thereby implicating transcriptional repression of the internal heterologous promoter. This promoter interference effect was found to be mediated by cis-acting sequences upstream of the core promoter elements located in the U3 region of the proviral long terminal repeats (LTRs). Deletion of this region, as in late-generation self-inactivating (SIN) lentivirus vectors, relieves this effect. This provides a basis for reevaluating data produced using early-generation U3-bearing lentivirus vectors and for reconciling these with results obtained using more contemporary SIN lentivirus vectors carrying a U3 deletion.
<title>FTIR reflectance characterization of SIMOX buried oxide layers</title> (1998)

The technique of implanting silicon wafers with sufficient oxygen to form a continuous buried oxide (BOX) layer is known as SIMOX (Separation by Implanting Oxygen). SIMOX wafers present leading-edge semiconductor technology with a great need for on-line process control. Development of thin (80 to 200 nm) BOX is a primary step toward improved device performance and cost reduction. Tight control of the BOX properties, such as the implant dose, thickness, refractive index, and composition, is required in the production. A method to characterize non-destructively BOX layer by means of FTIR normal incidence reflectance spectroscopy has been developed with a particular orientation to in-situ applications. A data reduction procedure based on multi-layer model delivers thickness and dielectric function of a thin BOX layer, and enables one to measure the implant dose with a precision of a tenth of a percent. A compact and robust FTIR spectrometer from On-Line Technologies, combined with sampling optics and sensitive detection, provides excellent signal-to- noise ratio and is well suited for a coupling with oxygen implantation machines for in-situ process control.
Using ZEMAX Image Analysis and user-defined surfaces for projection lens design and evaluation for Digital Light Processing™ projection systems (2000)

D. Scott DewaldTexas Instruments, IncorporatedDigital Imaging Group6550 Chase Oaks Blvd.M/S 8477Plano, Texas 75023E-mail: sdewald@ti.comAbstract. This paper discusses the use of ZEMAX’s Image Analysisfeature to verify and predict the performance of Digital Light Process-ing™ (DLP) projection-lens designs. The main goals are to visualize theeffects of lateral color, axial color, and the remaining Seidel aberrationson the focus of small DLP pixels on the screen in actual use. In manycases there is a discrepancy between what the projector user woulddeﬁne as ‘‘good pixel focus’’ or ‘‘sharp focus’’ and metrics that woulddetermine focus quality or resolution for the lens designer. ZEMAX Im-age Analysis is a valuable tool for lens design and visualizing lens per-formance before a prototype lens is built. In addition, the user-deﬁnedoffset surface is discussed, which was developed to simulate the sepa-rate focus of red, green, and blue DMDs™ in three-chip displays. Thisfeature is used to simulate the effect of interchangeable lenses, as eachlens has a different axial color characteristic and the depth of ﬁeld issmall, or to verify the compatibility of a lens design on a projector prefo-cused using a different lens. As display pixel sizes shrink, this simulationtechnique becomes more useful for evaluating projection lens designs,manufacturing tolerances, and ergonomic concerns during assembly.