gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context-Aware Single-Shot Detector (2018)

SSD (Single Shot Detector) is one of the state-of-the-art object detection algorithms, and it combines high detection accuracy with real-time speed. However, it is widely recognized that SSD is less accurate in detecting small objects compared to large objects, because it ignores the context from outside the proposal boxes. In this paper, we present CSSD-a shorthand for context-aware single-shot multibox object detector. CSSD is built on top of SSD, with additional layers modeling multi-scale contexts. We describe two variants of CSSD, which differ in their context layers, using dilated convolution layers (DiCSSD) and deconvolution layers (DeCSSD) respectively. The experimental results show that the multi-scale context modeling significantly improves the detection accuracy. In addition, we study the relationship between effective receptive fields (ERFs) and the theoretical receptive fields (TRFs), particularly on a VGGNet. The empirical results further strengthen our conclusion that SSD coupled with context layers achieves better detection results especially for small objects (+3.2%AP@0.5 on MSCOCO compared to the newest SSD), while maintaining comparable runtime performance.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of CS-834, a new oral carbapenem antibiotic, in healthy volunteers (1997)

CS-834, (+)-[pivaloyloxymethyl (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[[(R)-5-oxopyrroli din-3-yl]thio]-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate], is an ester-type oral carbapenem prodrug, and an active metabolite is R-95867, which has antibacterial activity. CS-834 was administered orally to healthy male volunteers at single doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg and at a multiple dose of 150 mg three times a day for 7 days to investigate its safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. Other studies were conducted to examine the effect of food intake on the bioavailability of CS-834 and also the effect of the coadministration of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of CS-834. In the fasting state, the concentration of R-95867 in plasma reached maximum levels from 1.1 to 1.7 h after the oral administration of CS-834, followed by a monoexponential decrease. The maximum concentrations of R-95867 in serum (C[max]s) after the administration of CS-834 at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg were 0.51, 0.97, 1.59, and 2.51 microg/ml, respectively. The half-lives (t1/2s) were almost constant, approximately 0.7 h. The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) were proportional to the doses, ranging from 50 to 400 mg x h/ml. The cumulative recoveries in urine were approximately 30 to 35% until 24 h after drug administration. The C(max), AUC, t1/2, and recovery in urine were not affected by food intake. Probenecid coadministration prolonged the t1/2, and it increased the C(max) and AUC for R-95867 by approximately 1.5- and 2.1-fold, respectively. The multiple-dose study showed no change in the pharmacokinetics from those for the single doses and no drug accumulation in the body. A mild transient soft stool was observed in one volunteer in the study with a single dose of 400 mg. In the multiple-dose study, mild transient soft stools were observed in six volunteers, one volunteer had mild transient diarrhea, and one volunteer had elevated serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels (1.4- and 2.8-fold compared with the upper limits of normal, respectively). There were no other abnormal findings for objective symptoms or laboratory findings, including blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, body temperature, hematology, blood chemistry, and urinalysis.
Theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke (1999)

There is not enough evidence to assess whether theophylline or its analogues reduce mortality or morbidity, or are safe, in people with acute ischaemic stroke.
Large-scale machine translation: an interlingua approach (1994)

In this paper we discuss the design and development of an interlingua for a large-scale MT project. We also discuss how the resulting KANT interlingua constrains complexity, supports staged development, evolves in a balanced fashion, and seeks maximal coverage. We address issues such as granularity of the data representation, its specification, the types of information it encodes, and how it supports a modular system architecture. Our experience shows that through a careful, reasoned design and implementation effort, it is possible to achieve multilingual target-language generation for extensive technical domains.
LncRNA HMlincRNA717 is down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer and associated with poor prognosis. (2014)

The present study showed the down-regulation of HMlincRNA717 and its association with tumor progression in human NSCLC. It also provided that HMlincRNA717 expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC, which might be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Development of a Rapid High-Throughput Method for High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Routine Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses (2008)

We developed a simple, rapid, high-throughput detection and genotyping method for noroviruses using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to create a difference plot. The capsid gene was amplified by real-time RT-PCR in the presence of ResoLight HRM dye, a saturating DNA dye. Following optimization of the HRM assay conditions, the major norovirus genotypes were selected. Because we had only small quantities of the patient stool samples used in this study, we constructed plasmids for each genotype and used these to optimize the HRM assay. We selected six stool samples, each positive for one of the six dominant subtypes of noroviruses that have been circulating in Japan, namely, genotypes 4, 8, and 9 from genogroup 1 and genotypes 3, 4, and 10 from genogroup 2. The specific high-resolution derivate plot of the HRM assay for each plasmid was constructed by subtracting the melting-curve shape of the plasmid from the reference or base curve. The RNAs extracted from 14 clinical samples positive for small round structured viruses were then directly analyzed using the HRM assay. The HRM data from the clinical RNA samples corresponded with the genotype results obtained by RT-PCR and sequencing of the clinical samples. In addition, the HRM data from the clinical RNA samples corresponded with the HRM data from the six reference plasmid DNAs, indicating that this assay is useful for the direct detection and genotyping of noroviruses in clinical samples. This assay requires no multiplexing or hybridization probes and provides a new approach to the genetic screening of noroviruses in clinical virology laboratories.
Pathogenesis of in utero infection in porcine fetuses with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. (1995)

Porcine fetuses were exposed in utero to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at stages of gestation ranging from 34 to 85 days and examined 17 to 31 days later to determine the effect of gestational age on fetal susceptibility. For each of the 8 litters tested during the study, all of the fetuses of 1 horn of the uterus were exposed to virus by intraamniotic injection; those of the other horn were exposed similarly to a sham inoculum that consisted of sterile cell culture medium. Viral infectivity titers associated with fetal tissues collected at necropsy indicated that, regardless of gestational age, the virus had replicated in fetuses exposed intraamniotically. In addition, virus had also spread and replicated in sham-inoculated littermates in 3 litters. On the basis of these findings it appears that there may be little or no temporal difference in fetal susceptibility to infection with PRRSV. If so, the lack of early fetal death as a commonly recognized feature of naturally occurring cases of PRRS may be due to a greater resistance of early gestational fetuses to the lethal effects of PRRSV, as suggested by this study, and/or a greater likelihood of transplacental infection during late gestation.
Optoelectronic clock recovery circuit usingresonant tunnelling diode and uni-travelling-carrier photodiode (1998)

An optoelectronic clock recovery circuit is reported that monolithically integrates a resonant tunnelling diode and a uni-travelling-carrier photodiode. The integrated circuit extracts an electrical 11.55 GHz clock signal from 11.55 Gbit/s RZ optical data streams in a wide locking range with low power dissipation. Furthermore, the extraction of a subharmonic clock from 23.1 and 46.2 Gbit/s input data streams is also confirmed.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering for multiplexed detection (2011)

The multiplexed detection of biological analytes from complex mixtures is of crucial importance for the future of intelligent management and detection of disease. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy as an analytical technique that can deliver multiplexed detection for a variety of biological target in increasingly complex media. The use of SERS has developed from the multipelxed detection of custom dye molecules to biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Recent work has also shown the capability of SERS multiplexing for in vivo as well as in vitro applications.
The Stableflow Pump−a low-noise and drift-free pump for high performance liquid chromatography (1991)

The Stableflow Pumpb) is a novel pump being developed for isocratic elution in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pump is characterized by low flow noise whose level has a standard deviation of 0.030% over a period of 4 min, and a wander of ±0.02%; the flow is drift free, and is accurate to within ±0.10%. With the present design, the flow range is from 0.1 to 100 mL/min, and the maximum pressure rating is 6800 kPa (1000 psi). The flow characteristics of three commercially available pumps were also tested with a Thermalpulse flowmeter, which was calibrated using the Stableflow Pump to control the flow rate. The Stableflow Pump has a great advantage with flow-sensitive detectors and for molecular weight determinations, and would be especially useful in certain HPLC applications where low detection limits are required.
PNEUMATIC ARTIFICIAL HEART DRIVER PARAMETER EFFECTS ON THE RATE OF PRESSURE CHANGE ((+) DP/DT MAX) (1987)

The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of three parameters of the artificial heart on the (+) dP/dt max. The study was conducted using a mock circulation which was connected to an artificial heart. The data were collected using the COMDU software developed for the computer which monitors the artificial heart. Stepwise regression analysis was utilized to test the three hypotheses. Two of the null hypotheses for the study could not be rejected, as the independent variable did not significantly affect (+) dP/dt max. Although the third hypothesis was accepted, the results were not clinically significant. Limitations in the study were multicollinearity among the independent variables, small sample size, and the inability of the mock circulation to represent human responses.
Mechanisms of Actions of Sodium Hypochlorite in Cleaning and Disinfection Processes (2006)

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used disinfectant in the food industry despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite fulfills many requirements as the ideal disinfectant and furthermore it has an excellent cleaning action. The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in the cleaning and disinfection processes depends on the concentration of available chlorine and the pH of the solution. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a weak acid and dissociates to the hypochlorite ion (-OCl) and proton (H+) depending on the solution pH. It is generally believed that HOCl is the active species in the germicidal action, whereas the concentration of -OCl is a key factor determining the cleaning efficiency. This implies that the optimal pH region of the germicidal activity of sodium hypochlorite differs from that of its cleaning activity. This paper describes the theory and practice of the cleaning and disinfecting operations based on the use of sodium hypochlorite solution.
Compact soft x-ray spectrometer for plasma diagnostics at the Heidelberg Electron Beam Ion Trap (2007)

A compact flat-field soft x-ray grazing-incidence grating spectrometer equipped with a cryogenically cooled back-illuminated charge-coupled device camera was built and implemented at the Heidelberg Electron Beam Ion Trap. The instrument spans the spectral region from 1 to 37 nm using two different gratings. In slitless operation mode, it directly images a radiation source, in this case ions confined in an electron beam ion trap, with high efficiency and reaching hereby a resolving power of lambda/Deltalambda approximately =130 at 2 nm and of lambda/Deltalambda approximately =600 at 28 nm. Capable of automatized operation, its low noise and excellent stability make it an ideal instrument not only for spectroscopic diagnostics requiring wide spectral coverage but also for precision wavelength measurements.
Silica Gel Supported Chromium Trioxide: An Efficient Reagent for Oxidative Cleavage of Oximes to Carbonyl Compounds under Mild Condition (2000)

Abstract A facile, efficient oxidative deblocking of aldoximes and ketoximes to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones have been achieved by using silica gel supported chromium trioxide.
Antitumor effects of interferon in mice injected with interferon‐sensitive and interferon‐resistant friend leukemia cells. I. (1982)

Interferon-sensitive (745) and interferon-resistant (3C1-8) Friend leukemia cells (FLC) are highly tumorigenic for DBA/2 mice. The phenotype of interferon sensitivity or resistance does not change with in vivo passage. Daily administration of mouse interferon markedly enhanced the survival time of mice injected with either 745 or 3C1-8 cells. Use of quantitative methods for determining the number of FLC (colony formation in agarose and immunofluorescence) permitted us to show that potent, partially purified or highly purified mouse interferon (s.a. 0.5 to 1 X 10(9) u/mg protein) induced a 100- to 1,000-fold decrease in the number of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity in the days following inoculation of 745 or 3C1-8 cells. Interferon decreased the number of FLC even when treatment was initiated at a time when tumor cells were multiplying exponentially in the peritoneal cavity. There was no evidence that interferon acted as an inducer of FLC differentiation in vivo. The finding that interferon was equally effective in mice inoculated with interferon-resistant cells as in mice inoculated with interferon-sensitive cells suggests that in this experimental system interferon does not act directly on the tumor cells, but that the interferon-induced antitumor activity is mediated by the host.
An Intra-Arterial Induction Gauge (1971)

A flexible collapsible catheter gauge that can be introduced into an artery through a French 7 catheter is described. It expands when entering a wide blood vessel or tubular organ and the degree of expansion is measured by electromagnetic induction. The sensor consists of two collapsible congruent wire loops, one of which acts as the primary and the other one as the secondary of a transformer. The output of the secondary varies as the logarithm of the artery diameter over a wide range. Variations as small as 0.01 mm in a 10-mm-diameter lumen can be recorded. The paper describes construction of the probe and presents examples of nonradiographic measurement of arterial diameters as well as of recording of pulsatile changes in artery diameter in dogs.
A Survey and Comparison of Petri Net-Based Deadlock Prevention Policies for Flexible Manufacturing Systems (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Over the last two decades, a great deal of research has been focused on solving deadlock problems in resource allocation systems such as computer communication systems, workflow systems, and flexible manufacturing systems, resulting in a wide variety of approaches. As a well-defined problem in resource allocation systems, deadlock prevention based on a Petri net formalism has received an enormous amount of attention in the literature. This paper intends to review and compare a variety of Petri net-based deadlock prevention policies reported in the literature. Their comparison is done in terms of structural complexity, behavior permissiveness, and computational complexity. This paper should facilitate engineers in choosing a suited method for their industrial application cases. </para>
Performance of the 3-D PENCIL flash EPROM cell and memory array (1995)

A promising new 3-D Programmable Erasable Nonvolatile CylIndricaL (PENCIL) flash EPROM cell that offers significant area and performance advantages over conventional planar approaches has been implemented in a novel memory array. The 3-D PENCIL cell is a vertical device formed on the sidewalls of an etched silicon pillar. The cell is a single transistor stacked gate structure with the floating gate and control gate completely surrounding the pillar. Current flows vertically from the bit line contact at the top of the pillar to the source lying at the bottom of the pillar. When implemented in a novel self-aligned array, the cell size approaches the square of the minimum pitch and has an area less than half that of the conventional NOR type structure. The cell and array architecture also promise to be highly scalable. Experimental data reveals that the cells have up to 3/spl times/ larger read current than comparable planar cells, are suitable for 5 V only operation and have fast program and erase speeds at moderate voltage levels. Uniformity and endurance characteristics are also promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ligand‐Enabled Auxiliary‐Free <i>meta</i>‐C−H Arylation of Phenylacetic Acids (2017)

The meta-C-H arylation of free phenylacetic acid was realized using 2-carbomethoxynorbornene (NBE-CO<sub>2</sub> Me) as a transient mediator. Both the modified norbornene and the mono-protected 3-amino-2-hydroxypyridine type ligand are crucial for this auxiliary-free meta-C-H arylation reaction. A series of phenylacetic acids, including mandelic acid and phenylglycine, react smoothly with various aryl iodides to provide the meta-arylated products in high yields.
The effect of cemented femoral stem cross-section geometry in total hip replacement (2003)

This papcr describes the tin~te element analysis on the effect of stem crossscctional geometrm on strcsses generated at the bone-cement and cement-stem interfaces. A simplitkd numerical model of the implanted femur was used, were the F ~I I I L I ~ was modelled as a tubular structure and the femoral component modelled as an extlwlcd beam. All materials were assumed isotropic and Iincarly elastic. The cross-sections were assumed syninletric about the medial-lateral axis. .4 layer of' constant thickness of cement was interposed between the stem and thc fernold cortex and a complex system of forces and moments generated by the hip joint contact force was applied. Maximum and minimum principal stresses were determined for twelve different cross-sectional geometries. Thc results show that organic type geometries provoke, comparatively, lower tensile and cornpression stresses. Rigid (sharp) geometries and cross-sections of low second moment o f area provoke much higher interface stresses.
LA PASSERELLE DE MEYLAN(ISERE) (1982)

L'ARTICLE EVOQUE LA CONSTRUCTION ETAPE PAR ETAPE DE LA PASSERELLE DE MEYLAN SUR L'ISERE. IL S'AGIT D'UNE PASSERELLE A HAUBANS DE TROIS TRAVEES, SANS APPUIS EN RIVIERE, CONSTRUITE PAR MOITIE SUR CHAQUE RIVE, PARALLELEMENT A LA RIVIERE, SUR CINTRE AU SOL ET MISE EN PLACE PAR ROTATION AUTOUR DE LA PILE SOUS PYLONE. LA TRAVEE CENTRALE EST EN BETON LEGER.
ChemInform Abstract: THE AZIDONITRATION OF TRI‐O‐ACETYL‐D‐GALACTAL (1979)

Abstract Reaktion des Galactals (I) mit NaN 3 und dem Nitratocerat (II) liefert die Azidonitrate (IIIa)‐(IIIc), deren Gemisch bei der Chromatographie an Silicagel′in Skellysolve B/Ac‐OH als Solvens unter Hydrolyse das α‐D‐Galactopyranosylamin (IIId) gibt.
Design of a High Amplitude Resonator (1967)

Design parameters and operation of a new type ultrasonic resonator are described. The resonator consists of a solid cylindrical body that contains a centrosimetric conic cavity, and is driven by a piezoelectric disk bonded to the base of the body. The system thus generated vibrates in a radial mode and the maximum amplitude is measured at the rim of the system. Optimum vibration conditions are obtained when the ratio of height to radius of the resonator is 1.24. An equation is derived for the frequency of vibration as a function of the properties of the material and the physical dimensions. A number of models were constructed and their capabilities as atomizers were studied. Aerosol conversion capabilities were found to be in excess of 22.5 gal of waterlike liquid per hour with an aerosol-generating area of approximately 45 cm2. The design of fourth enharmonic resonators whose cross sections are similar to the ones described is briefly discussed.
[Complications and biological risks of neuronal grafts]. (1991)

Following an experimental stage, considered insufficient by some authors, the first neural grafts on humans were done on Parkinson patients in 1982. Since then, hundreds of patients, mostly with Parkinson disease, have been subjected to grafts. Recently patients suffering from other neurodegenerative diseases or pain of carcinomatous origin have also been grafted. The first results obtained in humans are modest and vary depending on the research groups and methods employed. It must be distinguished between two types of surgery which raise different ethical and scientific problems. First, embryonic neural transplants, in which the effects could be related to a possible actual reinnervation of the striatum. Second, autografts of adrenal medulla, the mechanisms of action of which are still hypothetical. The relative ease of graft technique and their success with the media should not minimize complications and risks. There are three types of known or possible complications: 1 - the complications related to the surgery, 2 - the non-specific complications of the graft itself, that are secondary to the host reaction to transplantation, 3 - the specific graft complications related to relationship established between the grafted cells and the host. In the adrenal medulla autograft, the surgery complications are responsible for an important morbidity and mortality. The immunological and infectious (viral) risks are the most worrying in the embryonic transplants. Even though neuronal grafting can be a technique of the future, great caution is necessary, since intracerebral grafting in Parkinson's disease still is in the experimental field.