gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diamond nucleation and growth by reduction of carbonate melts under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions (2002)

Research Article| August 01, 2002 Diamond nucleation and growth by reduction of carbonate melts under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions Makoto Arima; Makoto Arima 1Geological Institute, Yokohama National University 79-7, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Yusuke Kozai; Yusuke Kozai 1Geological Institute, Yokohama National University 79-7, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Minoru Akaishi Minoru Akaishi 2Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2002) 30 (8): 691–694. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0691:DNAGBR>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 04 Feb 2002 rev-recd: 02 Apr 2002 accepted: 12 Apr 2002 first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Makoto Arima, Yusuke Kozai, Minoru Akaishi; Diamond nucleation and growth by reduction of carbonate melts under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Geology 2002;; 30 (8): 691–694. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0691:DNAGBR>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract We report for the first time experimental evidence for the nucleation and growth of diamonds from carbonatitic melts by reduction in reactions with silicon metal or silicon carbide. Experiments were carried out in the CaMg(CO3)2-Si and CaMg(CO3)2-SiC systems at 7.7 GPa and temperatures of 1500–1800 °C. No graphite was added to the run powder as a carbon source; the carbonate-bearing melts supply the carbon for diamond formation. Diamond grows spontaneously from the carbonatitic melt by reducing reactions: CaMg(CO3)2 + 2Si = CaMgSi2O6 + 2C in the CaMg(CO3)2-Si system, and CaMg(CO3)2 + 2SiC = CaMgSi2O6 + 4C in the CaMg(CO3)2-SiC system. Our results provide strong experimental support for the view that some natural diamonds crystallized from carbonatitic melts by metasomatic reducing reactions with mantle solid phases. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
COERCIVITY MECHANISM AND SM2FE17NX POWDERS PREPARED BY CONVENTIONAL POWDER AND HDDR METHODS (1995)

In the present paper, the structure and magnetic properties of TbMn6Sn6 have been investigated. TbMn6Sn6 is found to be of HfFe6Ge6-type structure (space group P6/mmm) with a = 5.5461 Angstrom, c = 9.0477 A and V = 241 Angstrom(3). This compound shows ferrimagnetic behaviour with the ordering temperature T-c = 421 K. A peak is also observed in the thermal magnetic curve at 330 K. Under magnetic fields of 100, 300 and 400 Oe, the magnetization values first increase with increasing temperature, next exhibit a peak and then decrease with further increase in temperature. When the applied magnetic field is sufficiently large, e.g. 1000 and 2100 Oe, the magnetization of the whole sample decreases with increasing temperature. With increasing temperature from the range 77-300 K, the coercivity first increases, next undergoes a peak at about 200 K and then decreases. At room temperature a magnetization jump is observed in the magnetization curves at a field of about 4 kOe in both the aligned and the free powder samples. This jump may be attributed to the spin-flop or metamagnetic transition. The magnetic anisotropy field at room temperature is found to be 8.33 kOe.
Determination of chloride and available chlorine in aqueous samples by flame infrared emission (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of chloride and available chlorine in aqueous samples by flame infrared emissionS. W. Kubala, D. C. Tilotta, M. A. Busch, and K. W. BuschCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 24, 2785–2791Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00199a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Mediated Translational Control of IAPs Blocks Mitochondrial Release of Smac/DIABLO and Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2003)

The mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO has been implicated in the activation of apoptosis in response to cell stress. Smac promotes cytochrome c-induced activation of caspases by sequestering the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of potent caspase suppressors. Differential release from mitochondria of cytochrome c and Smac can occur, but the underlying mechanism and physiological significance of this are unclear. Here we show that the mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) protects small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells from etoposide-induced cell death involves inhibition of Smac release but not of cytochrome c release. This process is MEK dependent and correlates with an increased expression of XIAP and cellular IAP-1, mediated principally through translational regulation. Exogenous expression of XIAP is sufficient to inhibit caspase 9 activation, Smac release, and cell death induced by etoposide. Prevention of the FGF-2-promoted increase in levels of functional IAPs by RNA interference or the cell-permeant Smac amino-terminal peptide blocked FGF-2-induced protection. FGF-2 can thus protect SCLC cells from chemotherapeutic drugs by modulating IAP levels via posttranscriptional regulation, providing a mechanism for postmitochondrial survival signaling by the MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Rapid synthesis of carbon nanotubes via inductive heating (2006)

A rapid yet simple methodology to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a room temperature environment has been demonstrated using an inductive heating system. Substrates of either heavily doped silicon or nickel-coated, lightly doped silicon have been used to synthesize CNTs using Fe as the catalyst. Aligned carbon nanotubes with growth rates as high as 200μm∕min have been achieved in less than 1min. Transmission electron micrographs illustrated average diameters of 8 and 6.8nm for CNTs grown under average temperatures of 760 and 910°C, respectively. This system allows the synthesis of CNTs that is easy to set up, fast, clean, and inexpensive.
Preventing Suicide in Young People: Systematic Review (2010)

The evidence regarding effective interventions for adolescents and young adults with suicide attempt, deliberate self-harm or suicidal ideation is extremely limited. Many more methodologically rigorous trials are required. However, in the meantime CBT shows some promise, but further investigation is required in order to determine its ability to reduce suicide risk among young people presenting to clinical services.
Thermal Stability Study of LiAsF6 Electrolytes Using Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (1993)

Binary and ternary electrolytes containing solvent mixtures of cyclic esters and cyclic ethers and lithium hexafluoroarsenate as the electrolyte salt have been popular for some time for use in secondary lithium batteries because of their good conductivity and lithium cycling efficiency. The main concern regarding safety of lithium batteries is the initiation of self‐heating when the cell is under abusive conditions which in the extreme case can lead to a thermal runaway. There are a number of processes contributing to the self‐heating; such as reactions between the electrolyte and electrode materials and thermal decomposition of the electrolyte. Heating resulting from chemical reactions and thermal decompositions can also involve reaction products. Accelerating rate calorimetry is a simple technique which allows the study of self‐heating, in particlar the thermal decomposition of the electrolyte. In the work reported here, the effect of the addition of a cyclic ether to an electrolyte consisting of salt dissolved in a mixture of cyclic esters and the replacement of by lithium triflate salt on the thermal stability of the electrolyte, were determined. To establish the effect of at least one abusive condition such as battery overcharge, the thermal stabilities of the oxidized forms of two electrolytes containing electrolyte salt and cyclic ester/ether solvent mixtures were also measured.
Improved diagnostic power by combined interferon-gamma release assay and nested-PCR in tuberculous pleurisy in high tuberculosis prevalence area (2012)

The conventional acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) culture of pleural effusion and tuberculin skin test (TST) in tuberculous pleurisy are unable to meet clinical needs because of their low sensitivities and specificities. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) and nested-PCR in tuberculous pleurisy, we conducted a cross-sectional study in regions of China with a high tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Seventy-eight participants were enrolled: 58 TB patients with diagnosis of confirmed or probable tuberculous pleurisy and 20 non-TB patients with a diagnosis of other non-TB diseases. The positive rates of AFB smear and M.tb culture in the pleural effusion were 5.8% (2/42) and 10.6% (5/47), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of QFT-GIT were 93.1% (54/58) and 90.0% (18/20), whereas those of TST were 68.5% (37/54) and 86.7% (13/15), respectively; the sensitivity of QFT-GIT was significantly higher than TST (P = 0.013). The sensitivity and specificity of M.tb-specific nested-PCR in pleural effusion were 94.8% (55/58) and 90.0% (18/20), respectively, with a turnaround time of 7 h. Furthermore, combined QFT-GIT and nested-PCR detection improves the specificity to 100% with a sensitivity of up to 90.0%. This combination of immunoassay and molecular detection holds promise for the clinical diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.
Phthalocyaninosilicon Compounds (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhthalocyaninosilicon CompoundsRalph D. Joyner and Malcolm E. KenneyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1962, 1, 2, 236–238Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50002a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50002a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Protein Solubility in Common Feedstuffs (1973)

Abstract Percent total soluble nitrogen of casein and soy protein (25 mg nitrogen/100 ml solvent) was determined at three pH's (5.5, 6.5, and 7.5) over four intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) and in two solvents at 40 C. A comparison of means (46 vs. 47%) showed that solubility in autoclaved rumen fluid was significantly less than in mineral buffer. As pH increased from 5.5 to 7.5, there was an increase in mean solubility from 27 to 57%. No differences in solubility were found between pH 6.5 and 7.5 regardless of solvent or protein. With regard to extraction time, solubility did not differ between solvents at 60 min. By procedures developed in this study, total soluble nitrogen was determined in various feedstuffs (25 mg feed nitrogen/100 ml solvent) in mineral buffer at pH 6.5 for 60 min. Solubility ranged from 3 to 93%. Feeds were grouped as to major protein fractions and amount of processing. Feeds whose major protein fractions were composed primarily of albumins and globulins had a higher solubility (32% unprocessed and 42% processed) than those composed primarily of prolamins and glutelins (25% unprocessed and 18% processed).
Characterization and Comparison of the NR3A Subunit of the NMDA Receptor in Recombinant Systems and Primary Cortical Neurons (2002)

Recently, we cloned and began to characterize a new N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit, NR3A. Here we extend our earlier findings by showing that recombinantly expressed NR3A in COS cells is biochemically associated with both NR1 and NR2 subunits. In the oocyte or HEK 293 cell expression systems, co-injection of NR3A with NR1/NR2 subunits acts in a dominant-interfering manner, resulting in a decrease in NMDAR unitary conductance, decrease in Ca(2+) permeability, decrease in Mg(2+) sensitivity, and slight increase in mean open time compared with NR1/NR2 channels. The smaller unitary conductance channel has also been observed in primary cortical neurons cultured from wild-type rodent on postnatal day 8 (P8) and similarly found to be relatively insensitive to Mg(2+) block. Consistent with these findings, whole cell NMDA-evoked currents are larger in NR3A-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, and this effect follows a developmental pattern similar to that of NR3A protein expression on Western blots, with peak expression at P8. Finally, a new longer splice variant of NR3A has been cloned and found to be expressed in rodent cortical neurons by single-cell RT-PCR and in situ hybridization.
Extracellular matrix regulation of multidrug resistance in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. (1993)

Previous studies reported that, in the absence of drug exposure, multidrug resistance, including resistance to Adriamycin (ADR), could develop in primary rat hepatocyte cultures (B. Carr, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 29:1158, 1988). However, the hepatocytes in that report were cultured on plastic without the benefit of an extracellular matrix (ECM). Because the ECM regulates hepatic gene expression, we have critically evaluated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes how the ECM affects hepatic ADR resistance, the level of the drug efflux transporter associated with MDR, P-glycoprotein (pgp), and transport of a prototypical pgp substrate, vincristine. Hepatocytes cultured on type I collagen (Vitrogen) had greater resistance to ADR toxicity accompanied by parallel increases in the level of pgp mRNA, decreased drug accumulation, and enhanced drug efflux when compared with the hepatocytes maintained on the basement membrane matrix Matrigel. The development of ADR resistance coincided with the time course of increased pgp mRNA but was not coincident with the time course of expression of either the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase or P-450 reductase, proteins associated with MDR in some resistance models. Southern blot analysis revealed neither gross changes in pgp gene structure or gene copy number to account for the increase in pgp RNA levels for hepatocytes cultured on Vitrogen. ECM also regulated xenobiotic-inducible expression of hepatic pgp, since chemotherapeutic agents, including vincristine and colchicine, induced pgp mRNA exclusively in hepatocytes cultured on Vitrogen. The critical matrix proteins in Matrigel responsible for regulation of pgp were determined by the selective addition of its components to the culture environment. The presentation of the individual matrix elements as a rigid substratum to the hepatocyte did not decrease pgp mRNA. In contrast, the presentation to the same hepatocytes of either laminin or type IV collagen in a nonrigid state (solubly in the medium) selectively decreased hepatocellular pgp mRNA. We conclude that primary rat hepatocytes develop ADR resistance with time in culture due to increased expression of pgp and that ECM proteins represent endogenous physiological modulators of both basal and chemotherapeutically inducible expression of hepatic P-glycoprotein.
Pulsed voltammetric detection of arsenic(III) at platinum electrodes in acidic media (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulsed voltammetric detection of arsenic(III) at platinum electrodes in acidic mediaDouglas G. Williams and Dennis C. JohnsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 17, 1785–1789Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00041a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00041a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Intake Valve Detergent Structure on Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Combustion chamber deposits (CCD) have been heavily researched in the past with regard to Octane Requirement Increase (ORI). New concerns about their role in combustion chamber deposit interference (CCDI) and their potential contribution to exhaust emissions have reinforced interest in defining the underlying factors that contribute to CCD. In this study, intake valve detergents were evaluated in the absence of any fluidizer in L-6 1987 BMW 325e engines using 10,000 mile tests run with a BMW IVD driving cycle. The chemical structure of detergents used to reduce Intake Valve Deposits (IVD) has been systematically varied to determine its effect on the quantity and the composition of CCD. In general, chemical changes in the intake valve detergent had little effect on the amount and chemical composition of CCD. The composition of CCD was determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). All CCDs produced with fuels containing intake valve detergents showed the same types and similar levels of organic oxygen, sulfur and aromatic carbon. The CCDs did not contain intact additive backbone fragments or detergent head groups. The only distinguishing feature of these CCDs was the varying nitrogen content that appeared to depend on the type and number of amine groups in the detergent. However, the types of nitrogen present in the CCDs were chemically different from those present in the initial detergent suggesting that, although some of the nitrogen in the detergent head group remains in the CCD, it is chemically transformed.</div>
Design guideline of anthropomorphic sound feedback for service robot malfunction - with emphasis on the vacuum cleaning robot (2009)

The objectives of this study are to investigate the usability of the anthropomorphic sound feedback for service robot malfunction and to suggest the design guideline. Two experiments were carried out in a laboratory setting and an actual home environment. Independent variables of the experiments were two types of feedback (anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic) and two types of malfunctions (catastrophic vs. warning). The usability comprising of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction was evaluated through a questionnaire and video analysis. The results from the experiments were summarized as follows. First, the usability of anthropomorphic feedback was better than non-anthropomorphic feedback. Second, the feedback of warning malfunction displayed higher usability than the feedback of catastrophic malfunction. Third, non-anthropomorphic feedback had higher effectiveness and satisfaction on the catastrophic malfunction while anthropomorphic feedback was more effective and satisfactory on the warning malfunction. Based on the results, design guideline of anthropomorphic sound feedback for service robot malfunction was suggested.
Zum Umweltverhalten von Fluortensiden. Teil 2. Untersuchung der biochemischen Abbaubarkeit (1985)

Abstract In continuation of a publication on the behaviour of fluorotensides in aqueous solution there were tested four selected fluorotensides, among them a noniononic ethoxylated substance and three anion‐active substances, in two different equipment with respect to their biochemical degradability. The BOD 5 , the potassium permanganate consumption, the dry matter contents and the loss on ignition as well as the dehydrogenase test were used as parameters for judging the degradation behaviour. In all the four cases a high biochemical stability was found, so that they must be classified into the group C “biochemically not degradable or difficult to degrade” in agreement with the results found, according to the water pollutants catalogue.
Graph Cut-Based Human Body Segmentation in Color Images Using Skeleton Information from the Depth Sensor (2019)

Segmentation of human bodies in images is useful for a variety of applications, including background substitution, human activity recognition, security, and video surveillance applications. However, human body segmentation has been a challenging problem, due to the complicated shape and motion of a non-rigid human body. Meanwhile, depth sensors with advanced pattern recognition algorithms provide human body skeletons in real time with reasonable accuracy. In this study, we propose an algorithm that projects the human body skeleton from a depth image to a color image, where the human body region is segmented in the color image by using the projected skeleton as a segmentation cue. Experimental results using the Kinect sensor demonstrate that the proposed method provides high quality segmentation results and outperforms the conventional methods.