gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Group File Encryption Method using Dynamic System Environment Key (2014)

File encryption is an effective way for an enterprise to prevent its data from being lost. However, the data may still be deliberately or inadvertently leaked out by the insiders or customers. When the sensitive data are leaked, it often results in huge monetary damages and credit loss. In this paper, we propose a novel group file encryption/decryption method, named the Group File Encryption Method using Dynamic System Environment Key (GEMS for short), which provides users with auto crypt, authentication, authorization, and auditing security schemes by utilizing a group key and a system environment key. In the GEMS, the important parameters are hidden and stored in different devices to avoid them from being cracked easily. Besides, it can resist known-key and eavesdropping attacks to achieve a very high security level, which is practically useful in securing an enterprise's and a government's private data.
Low-Complexity High-Rate Reed--Solomon Block Turbo Codes (2007)

This letter considers high-rate block turbo codes (BTC) obtained by concatenation of two single-error-correcting Reed-Solomon (RS) constituent codes. Simulation results show that these codes perform within 1 dB of the theoretical limit for binary transmission over additive white Gaussian noise with a low-complexity decoder. A comparison with Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem BTCs of similar code rate reveals that RS BTCs have interesting advantages in terms of memory size and decoder complexity for very-high-data-rate decoding architectures.
Rv1698 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Represents a New Class of Channel-forming Outer Membrane Proteins (2008)

Mycobacteria contain an outer membrane composed of mycolic acids and a large variety of other lipids. Its protective function is an essential virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only OmpA, which has numerous homologs in Gram-negative bacteria, is known to form channels in the outer membrane of M. tuberculosis so far. Rv1698 was predicted to be an outer membrane protein of unknown function. Expression of rv1698 restored the sensitivity to ampicillin and chloramphenicol of a Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant lacking the main porin MspA. Uptake experiments showed that Rv1698 partially complemented the permeability defect of the M. smegmatis porin mutant for glucose. These results indicated that Rv1698 provides an unspecific pore that can partially substitute for MspA. Lipid bilayer experiments demonstrated that purified Rv1698 is an integral membrane protein that indeed produces channels. The main single channel conductance is 4.5 +/- 0.3 nanosiemens in 1 M KCl. Zero current potential measurements revealed a weak preference for cations. Whole cell digestion of recombinant M. smegmatis with proteinase K showed that Rv1698 is surface-accessible. Taken together, these experiments demonstrated that Rv1698 is a channel protein that is likely involved in transport processes across the outer membrane of M. tuberculosis. Rv1698 has single homologs of unknown functions in Corynebacterineae and thus represents the first member of a new class of channel proteins specific for mycolic acid-containing outer membranes.
Phase I Trial of ALT-803, A Novel Recombinant IL15 Complex, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> IL15 induces the activation and proliferation of natural killer (NK) and memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and has preclinical antitumor activity. Given the superior activity and favorable kinetics of ALT-803 (IL15N72D:IL15RαSu/IgG1 Fc complex) over recombinant human IL15 (rhIL15) in animal models, we performed this first-in-human phase I trial of ALT-803 in patients with advanced solid tumors.<b>Patients and Methods:</b> Patients with incurable advanced melanoma, renal cell, non-small cell lung, and head and neck cancer were treated with ALT-803 0.3 to 6 μg/kg weekly intravenously or 6 to 20 μg/kg weekly subcutaneously for 4 consecutive weeks, every 6 weeks. Immune correlates included pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and lymphocyte expansion and function. Clinical endpoints were toxicity and antitumor activity.<b>Results:</b> Twenty-four patients were enrolled; 11 received intravenous and 13 received subcutaneous ALT-803. Of these patients, nine had melanoma, six renal, three head and neck, and six lung cancer. Although total lymphocyte and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell expansion were modest, NK cell numbers rose significantly. Neither anti-ALT-803 antibodies nor clinical activity were observed. Overall, ALT-803 was well tolerated, with adverse effects including fatigue and nausea most commonly with intravenous administration, whereas painful injection site wheal was reported most commonly with subcutaneous ALT-803.<b>Conclusions:</b> Subcutaneous ALT-803 produced the expected NK cell expansion and was well tolerated with minimal cytokine toxicities and a strong local inflammatory reaction at injection sites in patients with advanced cancer. These data, together with compelling evidence of synergy in preclinical and clinical studies, provide the rationale for combining ALT-803 with other anticancer agents. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5552-61. ©2018 AACR</i>.
The CDK9 Inhibitor Dinaciclib Exerts Potent Apoptotic and Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Models of MLL-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2015)

Translocations of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene occur in 60% to 80% of all infant acute leukemias and are markers of poor prognosis. MLL-AF9 and other MLL fusion proteins aberrantly recruit epigenetic regulatory proteins, including histone deacetylases (HDAC), histone methyltransferases, bromodomain-containing proteins, and transcription elongation factors to mediate chromatin remodeling and regulate tumorigenic gene expression programs. We conducted a small-molecule inhibitor screen to test the ability of candidate pharmacologic agents targeting epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory proteins to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells derived from genetically engineered mouse models of MLL-AF9-driven acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib and HDAC inhibitor panobinostat were the most potent inducers of apoptosis in short-term in vitro assays. Treatment of MLL-rearranged leukemic cells with dinaciclib resulted in rapidly decreased expression of the prosurvival protein Mcl-1, and accordingly, overexpression of Mcl-1 protected AML cells from dinaciclib-induced apoptosis. Administration of dinaciclib to mice bearing MLL-AF9-driven human and mouse leukemias elicited potent antitumor responses and significantly prolonged survival. Collectively, these studies highlight a new therapeutic approach to potentially overcome the resistance of MLL-rearranged AML to conventional chemotherapies and prompt further clinical evaluation of CDK inhibitors in AML patients harboring MLL fusion proteins.
A Survey on Service Composition Middleware in Pervasive Environments (2009)

The development of pervasive computing has put the light on a challenging problem: how to dynamically compose services in heterogeneous and highly changing environments? We propose a survey that defines the service composition as a sequence of four steps: the translation, the generation, the evaluation, and finally the execution. With this powerful and simple model we describe the major service composition middleware. Then, a classification of these service composition middleware according to pervasive requirements - interoperability, discoverability, adaptability, context awareness, QoS management, security, spontaneous management, and autonomous management - is given. The classification highlights what has been done and what remains to do to develop the service composition in pervasive environments.
Hyperglycemic Pseudohypoxia and Diabetic Complications (1993)

Vasodilation and increased blood flow are characteristic early vascular responses to acute hyperglycemia and tissue hypoxia. In hypoxic tissues these vascular changes are linked to metabolic imbalances associated with impaired oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and the resulting increased ratio of NADH/NAD+. In hyperglycemic tissues these vascular changes also are linked to an increased ratio of NADH/NAD+, in this case because of an increased rate of reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Several lines of evidence support the likelihood that the increased cytosolic ratio of free NADH/NAD+ caused by hyperglycemia, referred to as pseudohypoxia because tissue partial pressure oxygen is normal, is a characteristic feature of poorly controlled diabetes that mimics the effects of true hypoxia on vascular and neural function and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. These effects of hypoxia and hyperglycemia-induced pseudohypoxia on vascular and neural function are mediated by a branching cascade of imbalances in lipid metabolism, increased production of superoxide anion, and possibly increased nitric oxide formation.
Anonymity, Privacy, and Trust (1999)

Abstract In the Internet realm these days, we see the terms anonymity, privacy,and trustused as if they meant the same thing. We see “trust marks” attempting to describe the privacy policy of a Web site (e.g., Truste™ and WebTrust™). And we see “privacy” described in terms of personally identifiable information (PII) leaving the control of the person whose PII it is. We've also learned that accessing a site without revealing some information useful in tracking back to us is difficult and is never the default situation.
Relative displacements in muscle and tendon during human arm movements. (1987)

1. X-ray, cine and video recordings were made of the movement of radio-opaque markers injected into the musculo-tendinous junctions of biceps brachii muscle. 2. In strong isometric contractions, the distal tendon of the long head of biceps lengthened by about 2% of its estimated rest length. 3. During voluntary isotonic elbow flexion-extension movements at frequencies up to 5.5 Hz there was no detectable phase shift between intramuscular and joint displacements. 4. In the fastest alternating movements (5.5-6.7 Hz) small phase advances developed in the muscle. 5. We conclude that human tendons do stretch during muscle contraction, but not enough to cause intramuscular phase reversals in rapid unloaded movements. This in turn means that muscle spindles shorten and lengthen virtually in phase with joint movements under most conditions.
Procedure for Bioassaying Mosquito Repellents in Laboratory Animals. (1963)

A laboratory method for measuring the number of mosquitoes that had bitten and the amount of blood ingested during exposure is described. The procedure was successfully used in testing mosquito repellents administered to living mice.
On congestion control in ATM networks (1991)

The origin of congestion control problems in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks is described. The main overall congestion control strategies that have been proposed are summarized. The set of mechanisms that constitute a general framework for congestion control consists of admission control, usage parameter control, relative cell delay/loss priority, and flow/reactive control mechanisms. Depending on their service scenarios, the overall congestion control schemes of different networks may consist of different combinations of these mechanisms. Furthermore, different networks may realize the same mechanism through the use of different algorithms and implementations. The basic techniques that could be used in implementing the overall congestion control of an ATM network are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genome-wide expression patterns in physiological cardiac hypertrophy (2010)

This analysis not only identifies known biological pathways involved in physiological LVH, but also offers novel insights into the molecular basis of this phenotype by identifying key networks of co-expressed genes, as well as their topological and functional properties, using relevant high-quality microarray experiments and network inference.
Development of red-shifted mutants derived from luciferase of Brazilian click beetle<i>Pyrearinus termitilluminans</i> (2015)

Luciferase, a bioluminescent protein, has been used as an analytical tool to visualize intracellular phenomena. Luciferase with red light emission is particularly useful for bioluminescence imaging because of its high transmittance in mammalian tissues. However, the luminescence intensity of existing luciferases with their emission over 600 nm is insufficient for imaging studies because of their weak intensities. We developed mutants of Emerald luciferase (Eluc) from Brazilian click beetle (Pyrearinus termitilluminans), which emits the strongest bioluminescence among beetle luciferases. We successively introduced four amino acid mutations into the luciferase based on a predicted structure of Eluc using homology modeling. Results showed that quadruple mutations R214K/H241K/S246H/H347A into the beetle luciferase emit luminescence with emission maximum at 626 nm, 88-nm red-shift from the wild-type luciferase. This mutant luciferase is anticipated for application in in vivo multicolor imaging in living samples.
Caffeine promotes premature chromosome condensation formation and <i>in vitro</i> development in porcine reconstructed embryos via a high level of maturation promoting factor activity during nuclear transfer (2005)

When the nucleus in G0/G1 phase is transferred to an enucleated oocyte by nuclear transfer (NT), its nuclear envelope is broken, followed by condensation of chromosome structure by maturation promoting factor (MPF). This morphological remodeling of the transferred interphase nucleus seems to be essential for subsequent development of NT embryos. In this study, we treated porcine NT embryos with caffeine, which has been reported to increase MPF activity, to keep their MPF level high during NT. When 2.5 mM caffeine was added to the handling medium, the proportion of NT embryos showing condensed chromosome increased significantly (P < 0.05). In NT embryos treated with caffeine, the activity of p34(cdc2) kinase was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in those without caffeine at 3 h post-injection. In addition, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage after activation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NT embryos treated with caffeine. These results indicate that caffeine treatment can increase not only the rate of chromosome condensation but also the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage of porcine NT embryos. This action is most likely due to the support/increase of MPF activity throughout the process of NT.
A standardized instrument programming language based on IEEE STD 488.2 (2003)

The author describes the features of the Test and Measurement System Language (TMSL) and how they relate to compatibility. TMSL implements a tree-structured command set, rather than a traditional flat instrument language, allowing keywords to be reusable and identifiable in context. Reusable keywords allow for simple and regular mnemonic generation rules. TMSL has also addressed parameters through the use of regular parameter forms, a say-what-you-mean philosophy for discrete switch setting and the minimization of obscure side effects. TMSL addresses the need for horizontally compatible, signal oriented measurements, as well as the traditional programming of the specific instrument-specific hardware. The author also discusses a model of an instrument developed for TMSL and the importance of such a standardized model. He outlines the advantages realized, including the ease of adding capabilities in the future, the ease of learning, the self-documenting features, the opportunities for reuse of instrument firmware including increased reliability of parsers, and the ease of integrating instruments into existing test systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Feedstocks for Phenolic Adhesives (1989)

Fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust in a small vortex reactor operating at 10 to 20 kg/h and 480 to 520 °C produces high yields of primary pyrolysis oils (over 55% by weight on a dry basis). The vortex reactor transmits very high heat fluxes to the sawdust, causing primarily depolymerization of the constituent polymers into monomers and oligomers. A preliminary scheme separates the raw oils into a carbohydrate-derived aqueous fraction and a phenolic-rich ethyl acetate (EA) soluble fraction. The EA fraction is washed with water and with aqueous sodium bicarbonate to remove acids yielding 2 0% to 25% of the feed as phenols and neutrals (P/N) in the EA solution. After EA evaporation, a novolak formulation with 50% phenol and 50% of the P/N fraction was successfully prepared. Gel times for the P/N fractions suitably prepared are intermediate between resorcinol and traditional phenol-formaldehyde resins. Preliminary projected amortized production costs for the P/N fraction are 10(16) cents per pound for a 1,000(250) tons per day plant ($10/dry ton feedstock, 15% interest with 20-year amortization).
A self-latching A/D converter using resonant tunneling diodes (1993)

A high-speed analog-to-digital (A/D) converter based on the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is described. This A/D converter takes advantage of the folding characteristic of the RTD to reduce circuit complexity. The speed of the A/D converter is improved by the fast latching action of the RTD digitizer. Simulations show that the 4-B A/D converter can have a sampling rate of several gigahertz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The basicities of N-trimethylammonioacetamidate and of substituted N-trimethylammoniobenzamidates. The Hammett correlation and the thermodynamics of protonation (1977)

The pKa values of N-trimethylammonioacetamidate and a number of substituted N-trimethylammoniobenzamidates have been determined over the temperature range 15–55 °C. The pKa, values show a correlation with Hammett σ constants with ρ 1.51 ± 0.03 at 25 °C. These facts are consistent with an N-protonated cation structure, i.e. the cations are N-trimethylammoniobenzamides, as deduced earlier from spectroscopic studies. The thermodynamic functions of protonation have been compared with those for tertiary amines and a close similarity of the entropies of protonation has been observed. The variation of the entropies of ionisation of N-trimethylammoniobenzamides with change of substituent is analogous to that in the benzoic acid series, except that solvation effects are smaller. The substantial difference in the enthalpies of ionisation and their variation with substitution in the two reaction series is largely attributable to that difference in solvation.
Orally Disintegrating Systems: Innovations in Formulation and Technology (2008)

Orally disintegrating systems have carved a niche amongst the oral drug delivery systems due to the highest component of compliance they enjoy in patients especially the geriatrics and pediatrics. In addition, patients suffering from dysphagia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer these medications because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in these dosage forms. However, the requirements of formulating these dosage forms with mechanical strength sufficient to with stand the rigors of handling and capable of disintegrating within a few seconds on contact with saliva are inextricable. Therefore, research in developing orally disintegrating systems has been aimed at investigating different excipients as well as techniques to meet these challenges. A variety of dosage forms like tablets, films, wafers, chewing gums, microparticles, nanoparticles etc. have been developed for enhancing the performance attributes in the orally disintegrating systems. Advancements in the technology arena for manufacturing these systems include the use of freeze drying, cotton candy, melt extrusion, sublimation, direct compression besides the classical wet granulation processes. Taste masking of active ingredients becomes essential in these systems because the drug is entirely released in the mouth. Fluid bed coating, agglomeration, pelletization and infusion methods have proven useful for this purpose. It is important to note that although, freeze dried and effervescent disintegrating systems rapidly disintegrate in contact with fluids, they do not generally exhibit the required mechanical strength. Similarly, the candy process cannot be used for thermolabile drugs. In the light of the paradoxical nature of the attributes desired in orally disintegrating systems (high mechanical strength and rapid disintegration), it becomes essential to study the innovations in this field and understand the intricacies of the different processes used for manufacturing these systems. This article attempts at discussing the patents relating to orally disintegrating systems with respect to the use of different formulation ingredients and technologies.
Green Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis 2. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran and Ethyl Acetate for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis under Green Conditions (2016)

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dichloromethane (DCM) are the most widely used solvents for Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). These solvents are considered hazardous chemicals and are normally used in large amounts for washing, deprotection, and coupling steps. Therefore, the use of these reagents is indeed in question. Our group recently reported the use of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), which is a green solvent, for coupling, but using DMF for the Fmoc removal and washing steps [Jad et al. Amino Acids 2016, 48 (2), 419−426.]. Herein, total full green solvent protocols in which DMF and DCM are completely eliminated are reported. Several green solvents, such as 2-MeTHF, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol; temperature; solid supports; and peptide models were evaluated in this study. The best green protocol established is the use of 2-MeTHF for Fmoc removal, washing, and coupling steps with some more washing with EtOAc at room temperature for a short and challenging peptide (Aib-enkephalin pentapeptide). In the case of a longer and more difficult peptide (Aib-ACP decapeptide), the best protocol established was similar, except for the Fmoc removal and coupling steps that were conducted at 40 °C and in combination with the use of a polyethylene glycol resin (ChemMatrix resin).
Application of Exhaust- Gas- Oxygen Sensors to the Study of Storage Effects in Automotive Three-Way Catalysts (1980)

The time-average conversion efficiencies of an automotive three-way catalyst subjected to exhaust flows for which A/F is modulated around stoichiometry are benefited by the ability of the catalyst to store oxidizing and reducing chemical species. A V-8 engine equipped with a vapor carburetor and exhaust system containing zirconia exhaust-gas-oxygen sensors before and after a three-way catalyst have been used to study the response of the catalyst to fast changes in exhaust A/F ratio. With this experimental arrangement, qualitative and quantitative observations of storage of oxidizing and reducing chemical species on Engelhard Industries TWC-19D3 catalysts have been made.