gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter’ Species in <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> in New Zealand (2008)

Symptoms resembling "zebra chip" disease (3) were observed in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers harvested from a breeding trial in South Auckland, New Zealand in May 2008. The tubers had necrotic flecking and streaking that became marked when the potatoes were fried. Affected plants generally senesced early, at the beginning of April. The mean yield was approximately 60% less than expected and harvested tubers had less dry matter (13%) than normal (19%). Large numbers of the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli were observed on the crop during the summer. Total DNA was extracted from the vascular tissue of five symptomatic tubers and seven volunteers collected from the affected field with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Samples were tested by PCR using primers OA2 (GenBank Accession No. EU834130) and OI2c (2). These primers amplify a 1,160-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA sequence of a 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species identified in tomato and capsicum in New Zealand. No fragment was amplified from healthy plants, but amplicons of the expected size were obtained from all symptomatic tubers and one plant. A 650-bp fragment of the β operon was also amplified from symptomatic tubers. The amplicons were directly sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. EU849020 and EU919514). BLAST analysis showed 100% identity to the tomato/capsicum liberibacter (GenBank Accession Nos. EU834130 and EU834131). From a commercial potato field adjoining the breeding trial, groundkeeper tubers were collected and separated into those that were asymptomatic and those that exhibited a range of symptoms. Total DNA was extracted and tested by PCR using the OA2/OI2c primers. In the first category, 6 of 10 tubers tested positive, whereas the 10 tubers in the second category tested negative. Two phytoplasmas seem to be involved in the "zebra chip" disease complex (4) but were not detected in the samples in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a liberibacter associated with disease in potato. From transmission electron microscope observations, previous researchers have hypothesized that a bacterium-like organism may cause "zebra chip" (1) and B. cockerelli is associated with the disease (3). "Zebra chip" was first reported in Mexico in 1994, since then it has caused significant economic damage in Guatemala, Mexico, and the southwestern United States. The economic impact of the disease in New Zealand is yet to be determined. References: (1) S. H. De Boer et al. Page 30 in: New and Old Pathogens of Potato in Changing Climate. A. Hannukkala and M. Segerstedt, eds. Online publication. Agrifood Research Working Paper 142, 2007. (2) S. Jagoueix et al. Mol. Cell. Probes 10:43, 1996. (3) J. E. Munyaneza et al. J. Econ. Entomol. 100:656, 2007. (4) G. A. Secor et al. Plant Dis. 90:377, 2006.
Biotechnology : Technology of the New Millennium (2002)

Biotechnology is the technology of harnessing the natural biological processes of microbes, plants and animal cells, for the benefit of mankind. Man has been using biotechnology for centuries for processing foods like bread, beer and cheese. However, the techniques of modern molecular biology, in particular genetic engineering, which involves direct manipulation of genetic material, have opened up important new possibilities in the field of biotechnology.
Bone regeneration in rabbit calvaria with novel monetite granules (2008)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether local application of monetite granules would induce bone regeneration in critical size defects on rabbits calvaria. Novel monetite granules were synthesized by thermal conversion of preset brushite cement. Twelve female New Zealand rabbits were used for this study. Two identical 10-mm-diameter bicortical cranial defects were created in each animal. One of the defects was grafted with monetite granules while the contralateral was left unfilled as negative control. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, and biopsies were taken for histological and histomorphometrical evaluation under light microscopy. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. The histological observations showed signs of graft resorption as newly formed bone tissue grew surrounding and penetrating the monetite granules. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that the augmented bone volume as well as the augmented mineral tissue was higher in the defects treated with monetite granules (p < 0.05) 8 weeks after the intervention. In this animal model, local application of the novel monetite granules in bone defects enhances bone healing significantly.
Deuterium substituted amphetamine as an internal standard in a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) assay for amphetamine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium substituted amphetamine as an internal standard in a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) assay for amphetamineA K. Cho, Bjorn. Kindeke, B J. Hodshon, and D J. JendenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 3, 570–574Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60325a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (487 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High performance 35 nm gate CMOSFETs with vertical scaling and total stress control for 65 nm technology (2004)

This paper demonstrates high performance 35 nm gate length CMOSFETs for 65 nm technology node. The impact of vertical gate scaling on dopant activation in poly-Si gate and device performance is investigated. Total stress controls form both STI and interconnect improved the nMOS drive current up to 5-10% without degradation for pMOS. Excellent controlled 35 nm gate length CMOSFETs are achieved with a high drive current of 650 uA/um for nMOS and 310 uA/um for pMOS at Ioff=70 nA/um at supply voltage of 0.85 V. Low CV/I values of 0.85 ps for nMOS and 1.61 ps for pMOS are obtained. These results are competitive among the latest published data.
Cyclopropanation using flow-generated diazo compounds (2015)

We have devised a room temperature process for the cyclopropanation of electron-poor olefins using unstabilised diazo compounds, generated under continuous flow conditions. This protocol was applied to a wide range of different diazo species to generate functionalised cyclopropanes which are valuable 3D building blocks.
Bias correction in maximum likelihood logistic regression (1983)

This paper provides an expression for bias of the maximum likelihood logistic regression estimates for use with small sample sizes. This bias correction is based on an expansion of the maximum likelihood equation. Simulation results show these corrections to be highly effective in small samples.
Heterogeneous nature of the acute phase response. Differential regulation of human serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and other acute phase proteins by cytokines in Hep 3B cells. (1988)

Because a number of different cytokines have been reported to regulate the synthesis of human, murine, and rat acute phase proteins (APP), we studied the effect of cytokines on production of several major human APP in a single system, the human hepatoma cell line Hep 3B. Conditioned medium (CM) prepared from human blood monocytes activated with LPS in the presence of dexamethasone led to substantial induction of serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) synthesis whereas the defined cytokines IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and medium from a human keratinocyte cell line (COLO-16), containing hepatocyte-stimulating factor activity, failed to induce these two major APP. Induction of SAA and CRP was accompanied by an increase in concentration of their specific mRNA. Size fractionation of CM from activated monocytes by fast protein liquid chromatography indicated that SAA- and CRP-inducing activity eluted as a single peak with a Mr of approximately 18 kDa. alpha 1-Antitrypsin, which also failed to respond to IL-1 beta or TNF alpha, was induced by both CM and medium from COLO-16 cells. The induction of AT by CM was accompanied by an increase in specific mRNA. Induction of ceruloplasmin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and decrease in the synthesis of albumin was achieved by both CM and IL-1 beta. Ceruloplasmin and albumin responded in a comparable fashion to both TNF alpha and medium from COLO-16 cells; the response of ACT to these cytokines was not evaluated. These results indicate that human SAA and CRP are induced in Hep 3B cells by products of activated monocytes but not by IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or some hepatocyte-stimulating factor preparations and that a group of heterogeneous mechanisms are involved in the induction of the various human APP.
Automatic generation of thin film process flows. II. Recipe generation, flow evaluation, and system framework (1999)

This paper is the second in a series of two papers describing the methodology and algorithms used in the development of MISTIC (Michigan synthesis tools for integrated circuits). Part I [see ibid., vol. 12, no. 1, Feb. 1999] discussed the basic topological algorithms used to produce generic sequences of processing steps required for the fabrication of a given device structure. Part II discusses the expansion of these sequences into complete process flows. This procedure involves the selection of specific recipes from a set of available processing resources and the calculation of recipe parameters. These processing resources are stored in a database central to the MISTIC system framework. Since many process flows are generated for a given device, the paper also discusses the calculation of suitable figures of merit. The capabilities of the MISTIC system are demonstrated with a BiCMOS example. The MISTIC system framework which contains the basic compiler and several supporting modules: a device builder, process viewer, and database editor is also presented.
The tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters of bacteria and archaea (2001)

Until recently, extracytoplasmic solute receptor (ESR)-dependent uptake systems were invariably found to possess a conserved ATP-binding protein (the ATP-binding cassette protein or ABC protein), which couples ATP hydrolysis to the translocation of the solute across the cytoplasmic membrane. While it is clear that this class of ABC transporter is ubiquitous in prokaryotes, it is now firmly established that other, unrelated types of membrane transport systems exist which also have ESR components. These systems have been designated tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters, and they form a distinct class of ESR-dependent secondary transporters where the driving force for solute accumulation is an electrochemical ion gradient and not ATP hydrolysis. Currently, the most well characterised TRAP transporter at the functional and molecular level is the high-affinity C4-dicarboxylate transport (Dct) system from Rhodobacter capsulatus. This consists of three proteins; an ESR (DctP) and small (DctQ) and large (DctM) integral membrane proteins. The characteristics of this system are discussed in detail. Homologues of the R. capsulatus DctPQM proteins are present in a diverse range of prokaryotes, both bacteria and archaea, but not in eukaryotes. The deduced structures and possible functions of these homologous systems are described. In addition to the DctP family, other types of ESRs can be associated with TRAP transporters. A conserved family of immunogenic extracytoplasmic proteins is shown to be invariably associated with TRAP systems that contain a large DctQM fusion protein. All of the currently known archaeal systems are of this type. It is concluded that TRAP transporters are a widespread and ancient type of solute uptake system that transport a potentially diverse range of solutes and most likely evolved by the addition of auxiliary proteins to a single secondary transporter.
Cobalt Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrocatalytic Study (2014)

Abstract In this work, green synthesis of cobalt doped titanium dioxide (Co‐TiO 2 ) has been carried out in aqueous medium using gelatin. The Co‐TiO 2 particles have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDAX), FT‐IR spectroscopy and voltammetry techniques. XRD results show pure Co‐TiO 2 and TiO 2 powders with average crystallite size about 12 nm and 15 nm, respectively. Co loaded in TiO 2 hasn't influence crystalline structure. Moreover, efficient Co‐TiO 2 ‐based anode was fabricated by casting of the Co‐TiO 2 solution on glassy carbon electrode (Co‐TiO 2 /GCE). The electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at Co‐TiO 2 /GCE has been examined using linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) in alkaline media. The OER is significantly enhanced at Co‐TiO 2 /GCE, as demonstrated by a negative shift in the LSV curve at the Co‐TiO 2 /GCE compared to that obtained at the unmodified one. The value of energy saving of oxygen gas at a current density of 5 mA cm −2 is 12.6 kW h kg −1 . The low cost as well as the marked stability of the modified electrode make it promising candidate in industrial water electrolysis process.
Microfluidic system for in-vitro hypoxia assays (2017)

Hereby presented is a microfluidic system, including a micro pump, an oxygenator and a cell culture chamber for perfusion controlled hypoxia assays. It consists of laser-structured polycarbonate (PC) foils and an elastomeric membrane which were joined together using thermal diffusion bonding. The elastomer forms an oxygenator element. The microfluidic system is characterized using non-invasive flow measurement based on micro-Particle-ImageVelocimetry (μPIV) and optical oxygen measurement utilizing the oxygen dependent fluorescence decay. Based on those experimental results and mathematical considerations, the oxygenator and mass transport phenomena within the microfluidic system can be described. This oxygen sensor, the micro pump, a controlling device and the gas mixture at the oxygenator forms a regulatory circuit to adjust the oxygen content in the cell culture chamber and helps to produce well-defined hypoxic conditions for the cells.
Recent advances in digital thermography for nondestructive evaluation (1990)

The objective of the present project is to develop improved thermographic techniques for the detection of subsurface flaws and disbonds in various aerospace materials. The scope of the effort to be presented in this paper includes the following: (1) the development of digital thermographic imaging capabilities, (2) the comparison of thermographic experimental results with models, and (3) the demonstration of thermographic methodologies to detect defects in composite materials. Based on the material to be presented it will be demonstrated that digital infrared thermography has useful applications for flaw detection in composites and potential applicability for detection of metallic corrosion under paint.
Protonation and alkylation of ambident (9-anthryl)arylmethyl anions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtonation and alkylation of ambident (9-anthryl)arylmethyl anionsMasato Takagi, Masatomo Nojima, and Shigekazu KusabayashiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 14, 4676–4684Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00352a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00352a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Aminoacyl-tRNA Amidotransferase by Puromycin Analogues (2008)

Recent genomic studies revealed the absence of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and/or asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase in many bacteria and archaea. The survival of microorganisms missing one or both of these essential enzymes implies an alternative pathway for the formation of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn. This indirect pathway involves misacylation of tRNAGln with Glu (or tRNAAsn with Asp) by a nondiscriminating synthetase and subsequent transamidation of the misacylated aa-tRNA by an amidotransferase. Analogues of the natural product puromycin have been developed to inhibit this class of enzymes which has been only recently investigated at the mechanistic and structural levels. The widespread use of the indirect transamidation pathway among prominent human pathogens and its absence in the cytosol of mammalian cells identify aminoacyl-tRNA amidotransferases as an interesting target for the development of antimicrobial agents with a novel mode of action. These mechanism-based inhibitors will provide useful probes for further mechanistic investigations and ligands for X-ray crystallography.
Information Hiding Using Least Significant Bit Steganography and Cryptography (2012)

Steganalysis is the art of detecting the message's existence and blockading the covert communication. Various steganography techniques have been proposed in literature. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography is one such technique in which least significant bit of the image is replaced with data bit. As this method is vulnerable to steganalysis so as to make it more secure we encrypt the raw data before embedding it in the image. Though the encryption process increases the time complexity, but at the same time provides higher security also. This paper uses two popular techniques Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) algorithm and Diffie Hellman algorithm to encrypt the data. The result shows that the use of encryption in Steganalysis does not affect the time complexity if Diffie Hellman algorithm is used in stead of RSA algorithm.
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 for Neovascular Eye Diseases: From Biology to Therapy (2021)

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other eye diseases are characterized by retinal and/or choroidal neovascularization, ultimately causing vision loss in millions of people worldwide. nvAMD and PDR are associated with aging and the number of those affected is expected to increase as the global median age and life expectancy continue to rise. With this increase in prevalence, the development of novel, orally bioavailable therapies for neovascular eye diseases that target multiple pathways is critical, since current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, delivered by intravitreal injection, are accompanied with tachyphylaxis, a high treatment burden and risk of complications. One potential target is apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). The multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 may be targeted via inhibitors of its redox-regulating transcription factor activation activity to modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell cycle in neovascular eye disease; these inhibitors also have neuroprotective effects in other tissues. An APE1/Ref-1 small molecule inhibitor is already in clinical trials for cancer, PDR and diabetic macular edema. Efforts to develop further inhibitors are underway. APE1/Ref-1 is a novel candidate for therapeutically targeting neovascular eye diseases and alleviating the burden associated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections.
Aldosterone receptor blockade and the role of eplerenone: evolving perspectives (2003)

Upregulation of angiotensin II receptors * Potentiation of the pressor responses of angiotensin II * Increases in sodium influx in vascular smooth muscle cells * Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells and
Thermal polymerization of styrene at high conversions and temperatures. An experimental study (1972)

Abstract An experimental study of thermal polymerization of styrene in the temperature range 100–200°C and conversion range 0–100% is reported. Conversions, molecular weight averages, and molecular weight distributions were measured. A kinetic model with third‐order initiation gives a satisfactory fit of conversion and number‐ and weightaverage molecular weights over the ranges of temperature and conversion investigated. This model should find use in the design, simulation, and optimization of polystyrene reactors.