gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Imaging-Based Classification for the Cervical Nodes Designed as an Adjunct to Recent Clinically Based Nodal Classifications (1999)

Over the past 18 years, numerous classifications have been proposed to distinguish among the diverse nodal levels. Some classifications have used surgical landmarks, others physical assessment criteria. These classifications do not agree precisely and exhibit sufficient variation that competent physicians could arrive at slightly different staging of the patient's nodal disease. In the past 2 decades, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have offered progressively more refined anatomical precision, reproducibility, and visualization of deep, clinically inaccessible structures. Because the majority of patients with head and neck malignancies presently undergo sectional imaging prior to treatment planning, we felt a need to integrate anatomical imaging criteria with the 2 most commonly used nodal classifications: those of the American Joint Committee on Cancer and those of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The imaging-based nodal classification proposed herein has been developed in consultation with surgeons interested in such classifications in the hope that the resultant classification would find ready acceptance by both clinicians and imagers. It is our desire that the best attributes of imaging, combined with those of the physical assessment, can result in a better and more consistently reproducible nodal staging than is possible by either
Molecular beam epitaxial GaAs heteroface solar cell grown on Ge (1980)

GaAs/AlGaAs heteroface solar cells having AM1 efficiencies up to 17% have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) directly on Ge (100) substrates. These cells on Ge have efficiencies identical to cells grown simultaneously on GaAs. The cells reported here are the highest efficiency MBE solar cells reported to date, and are the first high-efficiency GaAs solar cells grown directly on Ge by MBE.
Differentiation of <i>Malassezia</i> species: selectivity of Cremophor EL, castor oil and ricinoleic acid for <i>M. furfur</i> (1997)

In recent years, the genus Malassezia has been reclassified based on molecular data. In addition to M. furfur, M. pachydermatis and M. sympodialis, four new species, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta and M. slooffiiae, have been described. However, apart from their lipid dependence, little is known about the metabolism and nutritional requirements of all the seven species. Further to recent studies, 10 hydrophilic emulsifiers (HLB > 10) were examined in an agar diffusion test to determine their growth-promoting effect on reference strains of the different Malassezia species. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 7 glyceryl monoalcanoate (Cetiol HE). PEG-glyceryl stearate (Tagat S2) and macrogol-50 stearate (Myrj 53) were metabolized by all strains, while PEG-35 castor oil (Cremophor EL) was metabolized only by M. furfur. The latter observation is due to a different metabolism of castor oil and its main component, ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy oleic acid), which may also give an insight into the pathogenesis of diseases that are associated with Malassezia spp. As hydroxy fatty acids are important in maintaining the epidermal structure and function, their metabolism specifically by M. furfur might clarify some clinical aspects of pityriasis versicolor. Apart from this speculation, use of Cremophor EL, with splitting of esculin as an additional key character, improves the distinction of the species M. furfur, M. slooffiae and M. sympodialis.
Urinary Infection and Albumin Excretion in Insulin‐dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for the Measurement of Microalbuminuria (1996)

The frequency of urinary infection was determined using quantitative microbiology in 172 insulin-dependent diabetic patients repeatedly being tested for microalbuminuria over 18 months on at least six occasions. The point prevalence of urinary infection at first screening for microalbuminuria was 3 %. Over the period of study, 20 of the patients (12 %) showed evidence of urinary infection, defined as a pure growth of a recognized pathogen >10(7) l(-1). Infection was more common in women than men 120 % vs 5 %, p
Biomarkers and Future Targets for Development in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2014)

Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain to be fully elucidated, there have been significant advances in the understanding of ALS pathogenesis, with evidence emerging of a complex interaction between genetic factors and dysfunction of vital molecular pathways. Glutamate- mediated excitoxicity is an important pathophysiological pathway in ALS, and was identified as an important therapeutic biomarker leading to development of the only pharmacologically based disease-modifying treatment currently available for ALS. More recently, a putative role of voltage-gated persistent Na(+) channels in ALS pathogenesis has been suggested and underscored by neuroprotective effects of Na(+) channel blocking agents in animal models. In addition, advances in ALS genetics have lead to identification of novel pathophysiological processes that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets in ALS. Genetic therapies, including antisense oligonucleotide approaches have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of ALS, and Phase I human trial have been completed demonstrating the feasibility of such a therapeutic approach. The present review summarises the advances in ALS pathogenesis, emphasising the importance of these processes as potential targets for drug development in ALS.
The Cellulase System of <i>Trichoderma</i> (1979)

The use of sophorose to stimulate production of the cellulase enzyme system of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414, has clarified the nature of the individual enzyme components. The multiple forms of cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases, and β-glucosidase observed among the extracellular enzymes produced by strains of T. viride and T. reesei have complicated interpretation of the respective catalytic roles of these proteins and their biosynthetic origins. The rapid production of the system in response to 1mM sophorose has allowed isolation of the three principal components of the nascent mixture. An endoglucanase and Cellobiohydrolases I (D) and II comprise about 15%, 60% and 25%, respectively, of the cellulase proteins. Cellobiohydrolase I, form D, is distinctly different from the newly described Cellobiohydrolase II. Other proteins, such as β-glucosidase, can account for only about one percent of the total protein. This eliminates the possibility that there is induced with the cellulase system a significant complement of additional enzymes concerned with the degradation of either cellulose or other components of wood.
Chemical Repellents (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical RepellentsF. J. Van AntwerpenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 12, 1514–1518Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50384a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50384a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effects of ion irradiation on the residual stresses in Cr thin films (1998)

Cr films sputtered onto {100} Si substrates at room temperature were found to be under residual tension, as revealed by wafer curvature measurements. A 150 nm thick Cr film was bombarded with 300 keV Ar ions after deposition. The intrinsic residual tensile stress increased slightly and then decreased with further increase in the ion dose. For ion doses &gt;1×1015 ions/cm2, the stress in the film became compressive and increased with increasing dose. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the grain boundaries in as-deposited Cr have columnar porosity. A Cr film, ion irradiated to a dose of 5×1015 ions/cm2, showed no grain boundary porosity. The changes in the residual stress during ion irradiation are explained by considering Ar incorporation in the film and the manner in which irradiation may change the interatomic distances and forces.
Effect of Corona Discharge on the Surface of Wool and Its Application to Printing (1991)

Corona discharge has been widely used to modify polymer surfaces because it can be operated at an atmospheric pressure in air. In this study, wool fiber and fabric were corona discharged, and afterwards wettability, laundry shrinkage, and frictional coef ficients were determined. An ESCA analysis was done to elucidate the changes of chemical composition on the fiber surface. The corona discharge incorporates oxygen atoms into the fiber and increases wettability and laundry shrink resistance of wool fabrics, but the effects are smaller than those from low temperature O 2 plasma. After the pretreatment with corona discharge, the fabric was printed with color pastes of two acid dyes, and then treated with superheated or high pressure steam. The corona discharge pretreatment, in particular the single pretreatment, improved color depth considerably, which increased in the following order: untreated ≃O 2 plasma treatment < three-fold corona discharge < single corona discharge. From these results it is likely that a small change in hydrophilic properties on the fiber surface plays an important role in improving the color depth of wool fabric in printing.
Clinical features of intraocular inflammation in Hokkaido, Japan (2008)

Women were more prone to developing sarcoidosis compared with men. By contrast, men were more prone to developing Behçet's disease. The mean age at disease onset in both sarcoidosis and Behçet's disease was significantly lower in men than in women.
Development of a UAV-MMS-Collaborative Aerial-to-Ground Remote Sensing System – A Preparatory Field Validation (2013)

This study proposed the development plan of a novel aerial-to-ground remote sensing (AGRS) system for surveying the land scenes of interest. Specifically, the AGRS system is composed by integrating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging system and a mobile mapping system (MMS), onboard whose platform a control station is also added. The UAV-MMS-collaboration can be classified into two modes - loosely and tightly, respectively related to two efficacy levels of the AGRS - fine-scale mapping in general and target investigating in special cases. The latter scenario can be illustrated by the tasks of fast-responses to the time-critical events, e.g., seeking the accessible roads into disaster areas. These all pose challenging issues. To ensure the premise for AGRS development, a field test was carried out in prior to examine the collaborative effect between its two RS-functional modules. Two typical topics were explored, i.e., self-indicated orthorectification of the UAV images and landcover classification based on information fusion. The final positive results have basically validated the feasibility of the development of the AGRS system.
Validation of PET/CT dataset for radiation treatment planning (2004)

PET/CT scans are frequently used for radiation treatment planning (RTP). Our work demonstrates a practical approach for validating the PET/CT dataset for RTP. We tested this QA process on a Reveal HD PET/CT scanner. The phantom used is a TGM2 ISIS QA phantom, a 14 cm acrylic cube with a central bore for object inserts. It has four different built-in inserts for electron density verification. 22Na seeds are inserted into the pinholes at the side of the cube. PET/CT images of the phantom with 22Na seeds are acquired and fused in the scanner Syngo fusion software. Registration of the PET/CT dataset is visualized by raising the lower threshold of the PET images to reduce the 22Na point sources to a few pixels and comparing it with the CT images of 22Na seeds. Geometric scaling accuracy of the pixels is verified by measuring the dimension of the cube in x, y and z axes. The HU values of four electron density verification inserts are measured and compared with manufacturer specified HU values. These QA tests are repeated in the RTP software after importing the PET/CT dataset. A quantitative analysis of registration error and geometric scaling accuracy of pixels are verified independently using MATHEMATICA. The resolution of the PET scanner was determined by measuring the FWHM of capillary tube sources inserted in a Styrofoam block based on the NEMA-2 protocol. Minor misalignment of the fused images was detected in the scanner (~1 mm) while the imported dataset in the RTP system showed a major misalignment (~6 mm) when fused by auto fusion software. The maximum geometric scaling errors of object sizes were observed in the z direction (5.2% decrease) in the scanner and the scaling errors were less in the RTP software (2.9% decrease). The greatest HU errors in the CT image compared with expected HU values were observed in the bone density insert (28% increase) in the scanner and all HU values for different inserts were shifted up by a constant value in the RTP system. The resolution of the PET scanner was comparable to the manufacturer’s specification.
A gene for familial venous malformations maps to chromosome 9p in a second large kindred. (1995)

Venous malformations are a common form of vascular anomaly that cause pain and disfigurement and can be life threatening if they involve critical organs. They occur sporadically or in a familial form, where multiple lesions are usually present. We have identified a large kindred showing autosomal dominant inheritance of venous malformations. Using this family we confirm linkage of a familial form of venous malformations to chromosome 9p. We suggest that blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome can be considered a particular manifestation of this form of familial venous malformations. The candidate region for this gene encompasses the interferon gene cluster and the MTS1 (p16) tumour suppressor gene.
“I Taller de Diagnóstico por Biología Molecular” de la Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela: Una aproximación a las nuevas tendencias de la medicina (2010)

“I Taller de Diagnostico por Biologia Molecular” de la Sociedad Cientifica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela: Una aproximacion a las nuevas tendencias de la medicina Adrian J. Da Silva-De Abreu, Belkis J. Menoni-Blanco 1 Estudiante de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina “Luis Razetti”, Facultad de Medicina (FM), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV). 2 Presidencia, Sociedad Cientifica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la UCV (SOCIEM-UCV). 3 Tesista-Asistente de Investigacion, Laboratorio de Investigacion de Hemoglobinas Anormales, Instituto Anatomico “Jose Izquierdo”, FM, UCV. 4 Comite Editorial, Acta Cientifica Estudiantil. 5 Investigador, Laboratorio de Patologia Molecular. Catedra de Anatomia Patologica. Instituto Anatomopatologico Jose O Dally. FM. UCV. *E-mail: ajluso1@gmail.com Acta Cientifica Estudiantil 2010; 8(1):2. Recibido 20 Jul 10 – Aceptado 21 Jul 10
Eltrombopag for the Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2007)

Eltrombopag increased platelet counts in a dose-dependent manner in patients with relapsed or refractory ITP. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00102739.)
Vibrational properties of boron and boron-rich compounds (1986)

The atoms in the modifications of boron and in the higher borides are preferably arranged in icosahedra or related structural units. In spite of the strong intra‐icosahedral bond strength, the crystals cannot be considered as molecular crystals, since the inter‐icosahedral bond strengths are comparable or even stronger. While the acoustic vibrations are mainly determined by the anisotropic but averaged crystal properties, the optical vibrations demand the consideration of the detailed atomic arrangement and bonding within the actual lattice. The possible optical‐active and Raman‐active phonons of alpha‐rhombohedral boron, beta‐rhombohedral boron, and boron carbide obtained by analysis of symmetry properties and group theoretical methods, are compared with the spectra obtained experimentally, and with theoretical calculations. Main portions of the lattice vibration spectra originate from vibrations of the icosahedron nearly symmetrically split in the actual crystal field, and consequently by the intericosahedral bond strength. The splitting range of the lattice vibrations and macroscopic properties like e.g. hardness can be correlated. Some important correlations of vibrational properties with other solid state properties of boron‐type crystals are reviewed.
Long-term neuropsychological sequelae of fever associated with amnesia (1994)

It has been well established that high fever can cause substantial damage to the cerebellum and also cause multiple small vascular lesions in neocortex and subcortical white matter. Beyond acute effects, the neuropsychological sequelae of these latter cortical and subcortical lesions have not been studied. The investigation reported involved 36 VA patients with a history of serious febrile illness. The febrile illnesses of the pyrexic subjects did not cause febrile seizures and resulted from diseases that did not directly involve the brain (e.g., encephalitis, meningitis, malaria). Control subjects were combat veterans who had suffered gunshot wounds, but who had no history of febrile illness. Pyrexic patients performed worse than controls on a variety of measures including language, memory, concentration, and word finding as well as failing a test of dichotic listening for words. Results demonstrate that hyperpyrexia can have lasting neuropsychological sequelae, and suggest that history of serious febrile illness be considered as an exclusionary criterion for participation in neuropsychological research concerning other topics or disorders.
Efferent neurons and suspected interneurons in motor cortex of the awake rabbit: axonal properties, sensory receptive fields, and subthreshold synaptic inputs (1994)

1. Properties of antidromically identified efferent neurons within the cortical representation of the vibrissae, sinus hairs, and philtrum were examined in motor cortex of fully awake adult rabbits. Efferent neurons were tested for both receptive field and axonal properties and included callosal (CC) neurons (n = 31), ipsilateral corticocortical (C-IC) neurons (n = 34) that project to primary somatosensory cortex (S-1), and corticofugal neurons of layer 5 (CF-5) (n = 33) and layer 6 (CF-6) (n = 32) that project to and/or beyond the thalamus. Appropriate collision tests demonstrated that substantial numbers of corticocortical efferent neurons project an axon to both the corpus callosum and to ipsilateral S-1. 2. Suspected interneurons (SINs, n = 37) were also studied. These neurons were not activated antidromically from any stimulus site but did respond synaptically to electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral (VL) thalamus and/or S-1 with a burst of three or more spikes at frequencies from 600 to > 900 Hz. All of these neurons also responded synaptically to stimulation of the corpus callosum. The action potentials of these neurons were much shorter in duration (mean = 0.48 ms), than those of efferent neurons (mean = 0.90 ms). 3. CF-5 neurons differed from CC, C-IC, and CF-6 neurons in their spontaneous firing rates, axonal properties, and receptive field properties. Whereas CF-5 neurons had a mean spontaneous firing rate of 4.1 spikes/s, CC, C-IC, and CF-6 neurons all had mean values of < 1 spike/s. Axonal conduction velocities of CF-5 neurons were much higher (mean = 12.76 m/s) than either CC (1.47 m/s), C-IC (0.97 m/s), or CF-6 (mean = 1.96 m/s) neurons. A decrease in antidromic latency (the "supernormal" period) followed a single prior impulse in most CC, C-IC, and CF-6 neurons but was minimal or absent in CF-5 neurons. Although all but two CF-5 neurons responded to peripheral sensory stimulation, many CC (35%), C-IC (59%), or CF-6 (66%) neurons did not. CC, CF-5, and CF-6 neurons that did not respond to sensory stimulation had significantly lower axonal conduction velocities and spontaneous firing rates than those that responded to such stimulation. 4. Sensory receptive fields of neurons in motor cortex were considerably larger than those observed in S-1 but were similar in size to those seen in secondary somatosensory cortex (S-2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Evaluation of the Hydroxyapatite Film Coating on Titanium Cathode by QCM (2002)

A titanium substrate was coated with a hydroxyapatite (HA) film under a cathodic potential in aqueous solutions containing calcium and phosphate ions and hydrogen peroxide at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 309.5 K . The deposition process was monitored using the current density change, and the mass change was measured using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique at cathodic potentials, and compared with deposition on a gold substrate. The deposits were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. HA films were obtained at different cathodic potentials, and the film morphology changed with the potential. With electrolysis at −557 mV, HA was deposited and accumulated after 800 s, when the mass gain increased significantly, as determined using QCM. After 800 s, the cathodic current increased and then decreased with HA growth. The HA film was porous, with pores several hundred nanometers in size, and formed a network of aggregates with walls about 50 nm thick. The filling factor was about 59 vol%, as evaluated from the mass gain using QCM and microscopic observation.