gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CDK4/6 Inhibitor LY2835219 Overcomes Vemurafenib Resistance Resulting from MAPK Reactivation and Cyclin D1 Upregulation (2014)

B-RAF selective inhibitors, including vemurafenib, were recently developed as effective therapies for melanoma patients with B-RAF V600E mutation. However, most patients treated with vemurafenib eventually develop resistance largely due to reactivation of MAPK signaling. Inhibitors of MAPK signaling, including MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib, failed to show significant clinical benefit in patients with acquired resistance to vemurafenib. Here, we describe that cell lines with acquired resistance to vemurafenib show reactivation of MAPK signaling and upregulation of cyclin D1 and are sensitive to inhibition of LY2835219, a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6. LY2835219 was demonstrated to inhibit growth of melanoma A375 tumor xenografts and delay tumor recurrence in combination with vemurafenib. Furthermore, we developed an in vivo vemurafenib-resistant model by continuous administration of vemurafenib in A375 xenografts. Consistently, we found that MAPK is reactivated and cyclin D1 is elevated in vemurafenib-resistant tumors, as well as in the resistant cell lines derived from these tumors. Importantly, LY2835219 exhibited tumor growth regression in a vemurafenib-resistant model. Mechanistic analysis revealed that LY2835219 induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in vemurafenib-resistant cells whereas it primarily mediated cell-cycle G1 arrest in the parental cells. Similarly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of cyclin D1 induced significantly higher rate of apoptosis in the resistant cells than in parental cells, suggesting that elevated cyclin D1 activity is important for the survival of vemurafenib-resistant cells. Altogether, we propose that targeting cyclin D1-CDK4/6 signaling by LY2835219 is an effective strategy to overcome MAPK-mediated resistance to B-RAF inhibitors in B-RAF V600E melanoma.
Game Localisation:Unleashing Imagination with "Restricted" Translation (2006)

From its humble beginning in the 1970s, the video games industry has flourished and become a world-wide phenomenon. Although most games are developed in Japanese and English, the globalisation of popular culture and the desire to expand to new markets have led most producers to localise their games into many target language versions. This has brought about the emergence of a new field in translation, game localisation, which combines elements of audiovisual translation and software localisation. This paper looks at the specific features of game localisation which give it its unique nature. It examines the priorities and constraints associated with translation of this particular genre, which relies heavily on imagination and creativity to deliver a satisfactory game experience. Using as a case study the best-selling PlayStation series, Final Fantasy, examples are presented to illustrate the challenges game localisers face, focusing particularly on linguistic and cultural issues.
Claisen Condensation of<i>N</i>‐Methylpyrrolidinone and α‐Chloronicotinic esters (2008)

Abstract magnified image Reaction between α‐halo‐nicotinic esters and a nucleophilic source such as the N ‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one (NMP) gave unexpected results. The presence of the halide on the pyridine gave a very interesting migration reaction. Extension to 6‐methylnicotinic ester derivatives lead to an unexpected carbanion condensation.
Automated temporal tracking and segmentation of lymphoma on serial CT examinations (2011)

Purpose: It is challenging to reproducibly measure and compare cancer lesions on numerous follow‐up studies; the process is time‐consuming and error‐prone. In this paper, we show a method to automatically and reproducibly identify and segment abnormal lymph nodes in serial computed tomography (CT) exams. Methods: Our method leverages initial identification of enlarged (abnormal) lymph nodes in the baseline scan. We then identify an approximate region for the node in the follow‐up scans using nonrigid image registration. The baseline scan is also used to locate regions of normal, non‐nodal tissue surrounding the lymph node and to map them onto the follow‐up scans, in order to reduce the search space to locate the lymph node on the follow‐up scans. Adaptive region‐growing and clustering algorithms are then used to obtain the final contours for segmentation. We applied our method to 24 distinct enlarged lymph nodes at multiple time points from 14 patients. The scan at the earlier time point was used as the baseline scan to be used in evaluating the follow‐up scan, resulting in 70 total test cases (e.g., a series of scans obtained at 4 time points results in 3 test cases). For each of the 70 cases, a “reference standard” was obtained by manual segmentation by a radiologist. Assessment according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) using our method agreed with RECIST assessments made using the reference standard segmentations in all test cases, and by calculating node overlap ratio and Hausdorff distance between the computer and radiologist‐generated contours. Results: Compared to the reference standard, our method made the correct RECIST assessment for all 70 cases. The average overlap ratio was 80.7 ± 9.7% s.d., and the average Hausdorff distance was 3.2 ± 1.8 mm s.d. The concordance correlation between automated and manual segmentations was 0.978 (95% confidence interval 0.962, 0.984). The 100% agreement in our sample between our method and the standard with regard to RECIST classification suggests that the true disagreement rate is no more than 6%. Conclusions: Our automated lymph node segmentation method achieves excellent overall segmentation performance and provides equivalent RECIST assessment. It potentially will be useful to streamline and improve cancer lesion measurement and tracking and to improve assessment of cancer treatment response.
Less than 1 dB per meter propagation loss of silica waveguides measured using a ring resonator (1994)

Phosphorus doped silica on silicon waveguide propagation loss, bend loss and their polarization dependence have been measured using a set of different radii ring resonators. For a 30 mm ring radius a finesse of 132 was measured and the inferred propagation loss was 0.85 dB/m, the lowest value yet reported. To characterize the finesse of the high Q resonator we proposed and used for the first time a stable Er/sup +3/ fiber grating laser source which was thermally tuned. This configuration provides improved and accurate measurements capability for finesse values in the range well beyond 100.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
T cell proliferation and adaptive immune responses are critically regulated by protein phosphatase 4 (2016)

The clonal expansion of activated T cells is pivotal for the induction of protective immunity. Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase with reported functions in thymocyte development and DNA damage responses. However, the role of PP4 in T cell immunity has not been thoroughly investigated. In this report, our data showed that T cell-specific ablation of PP4 resulted in defective adaptive immunity, impaired T cell homeostatic expansion, and inefficient T cell proliferation. This hypo-proliferation was associated with a partial G1-S cell cycle arrest, enhanced transcriptions of CDK inhibitors and elevated activation of AMPK. In addition, resveratrol, a known AMPK activator, induced similar G1-S arrests, while lentivirally-transduced WT or constitutively-active AMPKα1 retarded the proliferation of WT T cells. Further investigations showed that PP4 co-immunoprecipitated with AMPKα1, and the over-expression of PP4 inhibited AMPK phosphorylation, thereby implicating PP4 for the negative regulation of AMPK. In summary, our results indicate that PP4 is an essential modulator for T cell proliferation and immune responses; they further suggest a potential link between PP4 functions, AMPK activation and G1-S arrest in activated T cells.
Application of whey proteins as coating ingredients (2010)

Technologies are described where activated whey proteins are used for encapsulating sensitive food materials. The mechanism, governing the solubility of whey protein films and coatings, on which these technologies are based was investigated. The building blocks for these films and coatings were aggregated whey proteins. Solubility was related to the continuity of the network of disulfide cross-links between the building blocks and the dynamics of rearrangements of disulfide bonds occurring via the socalled SH/S-S exchange reaction. By controlling either the accessibility of thiol groups or the accessibility of disulfide bonds within the whey protein aggregates, solubility of whey protein coatings and films could be tuned. These new insights will help to improve the properties of whey protein coatings promoting the applicability of whey proteins in films, encapsulates and coatings. The technologies have been intellectual property rights (IPR)-protected (1-5) by NIZO food research.
Twin Thin-Film Transistor Nonvolatile Memory With an Indium–Gallium–Zinc–Oxide Floating Gate (2012)

A polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) channel twin thin-film transistor (twin-TFT) nonvolatile memory (NVM) device with In-Ga-Zn-O <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> (IGZO) as a storage layer is demonstrated. IGZO-FG twin-TFT NVM exhibits a large memory window Δ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . A <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CG</sub> at 18 V for 10 ms can achieve 5.6 V of Δ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> . An extrapolation of the memory window to ten years demonstrates that the stored charge still remains 65% of its initial value. Coupling ratio effect and gate length effect are discussed in detail. Such a low-temperature IGZO-FG twin-TFT NVM device is feasible for integration in IGZO-based display circuits for system-on-panel applications.
RoBox: CCG with Structured Perceptron for Supervised Semantic Parsing of Robotic Spatial Commands (2014)

We use a Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) parser with a structured perceptron learner to address Shared Task 6 of SemEval-2014, Supervised Semantic Parsing of Robotic Spatial Commands. Our system reaches an accuracy of 79% ignoring spatial context and 87% using the spatial planner, showing that CCG can successfully be applied to the task.
Isoacteoside, a dihydroxyphenylethyl glycoside, exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects through blocking toll‐like receptor 4 dimerization (2017)

Isoacteoside blocked TLR4 dimerization, which activates the MyD88-TAK1-NF-κB/MAPK signalling cascades and TRIF pathway. Our data indicate that isoacteoside is a potential lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Oil and Gas Play Maps in Exploration and Assessment: GEOLOGIC NOTE (1988)

Play summary maps show the superimposed boundaries of favorable areas for all key geologic controls of oil and gas occurrence--source, migration, reservoir, trap, timing, seal, preservation, and recovery--for a genetic group of prospects or fields. These maps are invaluable for high-grading the best areas, thereby reducing exploration risks, and for quantitatively estimating hydrocarbon volume and success factors in both prospect and play assessment. Play summary maps are based on standard exploration map suites but demand a systematic integration of all the essential geologic controls, none of which can safely be ignored.
Fracking Sarcasm using Neural Network (2016)

Precise semantic representation of a sentence and definitive information extraction are key steps in the accurate processing of sentence meaning, especially for figurative phenomena such as sarcasm, Irony, and metaphor cause literal meanings to be discounted and secondary or extended meanings to be intentionally profiled. Semantic modelling faces a new challenge in social media, because grammatical inaccuracy is commonplace yet many previous state-of-the-art methods exploit grammatical structure. For sarcasm detection over social media content, researchers so far have counted on Bag-of-Words(BOW), N-grams etc. In this paper, we propose a neural network semantic model for the task of sarcasm detection. We also review semantic modelling using Support Vector Machine (SVM) that employs constituency parsetrees fed and labeled with syntactic and semantic information. The proposed neural network model composed of Convolution Neural Network(CNN) and followed by a Long short term memory (LSTM) network and finally a Deep neural network(DNN). The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art textbased methods for sarcasm detection, yielding an F-score of .92.
CLI-mate (2011)

We introduce CLI-mate, a framework to facilitate development of user-friendly interfaces for command line programs.
The Multiple Functions of (1994)

This study will provide a fuller account of the functions of sumimasen, one of the expressions used for both apology and thanks in everyday Japanese conversation. In order to accurately explain these functions, it is necessary to carefully observe the different socio-cultural contexts in which this expression occurs. Hence, a database consisting of ten hours of daily conversation was used as the foundation for the study, with these ten hours of talk yielding a total of 44 tokens of sumimasen. This study will also attempt to relate sumimasen to other strategies for expressing apology and gratitude in Japanese and to examine whether certain values of Japanese society may be reflected through the usage of this expression.
Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in fine‐needle aspirations of metastatic squamous‐cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix using the polymerase chain reaction (1989)

Routinely processed fine-needle aspirations of metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) were analyzed for human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an in vitro DNA amplification method. HPV-16 DNA was detected in five of seven (71%) metastases from SCC of the uterine cervix. In two cases in which the primary tumor was available for comparison, the HPV-16 DNA content of the primary tumor and of the metastasis was identical. HPV-16 was not found in a metastatic SCC from the lung or in a metastatic nasopharyngeal SCC. These findings demonstrate that HPV-16 DNA sequences can be readily detected in routinely processed fine-needle aspirations using the polymerase chain reaction. The finding of HPV-16 DNA in a metastasis may serve to direct a search for a primary site of origin.
Methane Emissions from Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells in California (2020)

California hosts ∼124,000 abandoned and plugged (AP) oil and gas wells, ∼38,000 idle wells, and ∼63,000 active wells, whose methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions remain largely unquantified at levels below ∼2 kg CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>. We sampled 121 wells using two methods: a rapid mobile plume integration method (detection ∼0.5 g CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>) and a more sensitive static flux chamber (detection ∼1 × 10<sup>-6</sup> g CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>). We measured small but detectable methane emissions from 34 of 97 AP wells (mean emission: 0.286 g CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>). In contrast, we found emissions from 11 of 17 idle wells-which are not currently producing (mean: 35.4 g CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>)-4 of 6 active wells (mean: 189.7 g CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>), and one unplugged well-an open casing with no infrastructure present (10.9 g CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>-1</sup>). Our results support previous findings that emissions from plugged wells are low but are more substantial from idle wells. In addition, our smaller sample of active wells suggests that their reported emissions are consistent with previous studies and deserve further attention. Due to limited access, we could not measure wells in most major active oil and gas fields in California; therefore, we recommend additional data collection from all types of wells but especially active and idle wells.
HEK293-Based Production Platform for γ-Retroviral (Self-Inactivating) Vectors: Application for Safe and Efficient Transfer of <i>COL7A1</i> cDNA (2014)

The clinical application of self-inactivating (SIN) retroviral vectors requires an efficient vector production technology. To enable production of γ-retroviral SIN vectors from stable producer cells, new targetable HEK293-based producer clones were selected, providing amphotropic, GALV, or RD114 pseudotyping. Viral vector expression constructs can reliably be inserted at a predefined genomic locus via Flp-recombinase-mediated cassette exchange. Introduction of a clean-up step, mediated by Cre-recombinase, allows the removal of residual sequences that were required for targeting and selection, but were dispensable for the final producer clones and eliminated homology-driven recombination between the tagging and the therapeutic vector. The system was used to establish GALV and RD114 pseudotyping producer cells (HG- and HR820) for a clinically relevant long terminal repeat-driven therapeutic vector, designed for the transfer of a recombinant TCR that delivered titers in the range of 2×10(7) infectious particles (IP)/ml. Production capacity of the amphotropic producer cell (HA820) was challenged by a therapeutic SIN vector transferring the large COL7A1 cDNA. The final producer clone delivered a titer of 4×10(6) IP/ml and the vector containing supernatant was used directly to functionally restore primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes isolated from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients. Thus, the combinatorial approach (fc-technology) to generate producer cells for therapeutic γ-retroviral (SIN) vectors is feasible, is highly efficient, and allows their safe production and application in clinical trials.
Heteropoly 12-metallophosphates containing tungsten and vanadium. Preparation, voltammetry, and properties of mono-, di-, tetra-, and hexavanado complexes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeteropoly 12-metallophosphates containing tungsten and vanadium. Preparation, voltammetry, and properties of mono-, di-, tetra-, and hexavanado complexesDorothy P. Smith and Michael T. PopeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 2, 331–336Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50120a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (774 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of ZnO-Based Polycrystalline Ceramic Scintillators for Use as $\alpha$-Particle Detectors (2009)

ZnO-based scintillators are particularly well suited for use as the associated particle detector in a deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator. Application requirements include the exclusion of organic materials, outstanding timing resolution, and high radiation resistance. ZnO, ZnO:Ga, ZnO:In, ZnO:In,Li, and ZnO:Er,Li have demonstrated fast (sub-nanosecond) decay times with relatively low light yields. ZnO:Ga has been used in a powder form as the associated particle detector for a D-T neutron generator. Unfortunately, detectors using powders are difficult to assemble and the light yield from powders is less than satisfactory. Single-crystal ZnO of sufficient size has only recently become available. New applications for D-T neutron generators require better timing resolution and higher count rates than are currently available with associated particle detectors using YAP:Ce as the scintillator. Recent work suggests that ZnO-based scintillators can provide alpha-particle-excited light yields comparable to YAP:Ce scintillators. ZnO-based polycrystalline ceramic scintillators offer the advantages of high light yield, ease of fabrication, low cost, and robust mechanical properties. Precursor powders used in these studies include ZnO and ZnO:Ga powders synthesized using solution-phase, urea precipitation, and combustion synthesis techniques as well as ZnO powder from a commercial vendor. Precursor powders have been sintered using uniaxial hot pressing and spark plasma sintering techniques. Photoluminescence measurements have confirmed that, for most samples, the emissions from these sintered bodies consist primarily of slow, visible emissions rather than the desired sub-nanosecond near-band-edge emissions. Subsequent hydrogen treatments have shown significant improvements in the luminescence characteristics of some ceramic bodies, while other samples have shown no change in luminescence.
Effect of the Q‐switch parameters on the sintering behavior of laser micro sintering Cu‐based metal powder using Q‐switched Nd‐YAG laser (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the Q‐switching parameters on the sintering behavior of laser micro sintering Cu‐based metal powder, using Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd‐YAG laser. Design/methodology/approach An experimental study has been performed. Metal powder mixture with Cu and Cu‐P alloy powders has been utilized. Q‐switching duration of 15 μs∼25 μs, rate of 25 kHz∼45 kHz have been used. Findings The results show that as the Q‐switching rate and duration increases, the peak laser power decreases and the densification enhances. However, an optimal peak laser power exists and if the peak laser power is too low, the density of the sample is also low. The densification regime of laser micro‐sintering is not only caused by the liquid phase filling the pores, but is also caused by the Cu powder migrating and by coalescence, e.g. including initial stage and intermediate stage of the traditional furnace liquid phase sintering. However, the degree of these stages depends on the peak power and input laser energy. Originality/value The effect of the Q‐switching parameters on sintering behavior of laser micro sintering Cu‐based metal powder using Q‐switched 1064 nm Nd‐YAG laser has been obtained. It is found that the densification behavior is Q‐switching parameters dependent, although the average laser power is same. The densification regime of laser micro‐sintering includes initial stage and intermediate stage of the traditional furnace liquid phase sintering, but the degree is Q‐switching parameters dependent.