gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The PRIME study: classical risk factors do not explain the severalfold differences in risk of coronary heart disease between France and Northern Ireland. Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (1998)

We are studying the contribution of risk and genetic factors, and their interaction, to the development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and other cardiovascular endpoints. The study is prospective, based in three centres in the south, east and north of France and in Northern Ireland. A total of 10,592 men aged 50-59 years were recruited from 1991 to 1993, and examined for evidence of IHD at baseline. Subjects are followed annually by questionnaire. Clinical information is validated from hospital and GP records. Demographic characteristics were similar in all four centres. Body mass index was highest in Strasbourg (mean 27.4 kg/m2 vs. 26.3 kg/m2 in Toulouse and Belfast), but total cholesterol, triglyceride and fibrinogen were highest in Belfast. In Belfast, 6.1% reported having had a coronary angiogram, compared to 3.0% in Toulouse. Conversely, 13.8% in Toulouse reported taking lipid-lowering drugs vs. 1.6% in Belfast. As predicted, a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was highest in Belfast (6.1%) and lowest in Toulouse (1.2%). Some 7.1% of Belfast men reported a medical diagnosis of angina vs. 1.5% in Toulouse. Subjects showing evidence of pre-existing IHD will be studied prospectively but treated in the analysis as an additional variable. These results provide a measure of reassurance that these cohorts are representative of the communities from which they are drawn and provide a reliable baseline for prospective evaluation and cross-sectional comparisons. The levels of the classical risk factors found in this study, particularly when examined in combination, as multiple logistic functions based on previous British studies, are very similar between centres and cannot explain the large differences in the incidence of IHD which exist. Additional risk factors may help explain, at least in part, the major differences in incidence of IHD between these study centres.
Stable Device Pairing for Collaborative Data Dissemination With Device-to-Device Communications (2018)

With the rapid expansion of Internet-of-Things (IoT), tremendous traffic produced by a vast number of IoT devices is being injected into networks and straining their capacity. To address the challenge, device-to-device (D2D) communications offer a promising technique that relieves network overloading by localizing traffic between devices. In this paper, we investigate how to exploit D2D communications to support data dissemination and offload traffic. In particular, we focus on an important problem that aims to effectively pair request devices with cache devices in close proximity. Due to the interference among D2D links, we prove that this device pairing problem is NP-hard and thus requires an approximation algorithm to solve it efficiently. Here, we propose a three-step approach, in which the first step uses Lagrangian relaxation to obtain an upper bound solution, the second step derives a feasible solution from the initial pairing and further augments it, and the last step uses a swapping algorithm to refine the pairing to guarantee its stability. The proposed approach is proved to converge to a two-sided exchange stable matching. Extensive simulation results show that our three-step approach performs closely to the optimal solution and achieves significant performance gain over the existing schemes.
A theory of roll coating of viscous and viscoelastic fluids (1975)

Abstract A theory for roll coating of a fluid onto a moving sheet is developed utilizing the usual “lubrication approximations.” The effects of fluid and operating parameters on coating thickness and pressure distribution are determined for a Newtonian fluid, and for a purely viscous non‐Newtonian fluid obeying the Power Law. The results for these cases are obtained analytically, and are rather straightforward. A viscoelastic fluid is considered, of a type which shows typical non‐Newtonian shear behavior observed in polymer melts and solutions and which also exhibits normal stress behavior. Analytical solutions are not possible, but a perturbation method, using a viscoelastic perturbation parameter related to a Deborah number, yields an approximate solution. Only terms to first order in the perturbation parameter are given. Subject to that degree of approximation, the following conclusions are drawn: Non‐Newtonian shear behavior reduces the pressure distribution, and increases the coating thickness. Elasticity of the type usually observed in polymer solutions makes only a minor contribution to the roll‐separating (load‐carrying) force. The contribution is positive, but smaller than the corresponding negative contribution due to the non‐Newtonian shear effects. An increase in load‐carrying capacity would require a different viscoelastic fluid than the type considered here—one that is essentially Newtonian in shear but, independently, capable of developing significant normal stresses.
Safe and efficient ecotropic and amphotropic packaging lines for use in gene transfer experiments. (1988)

The construction of a retrovirus packaging cell line which produces high-titer, helper-free retrovirus is an essential prerequisite for experiments whose goal is gene therapy. We have constructed an ecotropic packaging cell line, GP + E-86, and an amphotropic packaging cell line, GP + envAm12, in which the viral gag and pol genes are on one plasmid and the viral env gene is on another plasmid. Both plasmids contain deletions of the psi packaging sequence and the 3' LTR. The fragmented helper virus genomes, when introduced into 3T3 cells, produce titers of delta neo or N2 retrovirus which are comparable to titers produced from packaging cells containing the helper virus genome on a single plasmid. We have found no evidence for the generation of wild-type retrovirus using the GP + E-86 and GP + envAm12 packaging lines, either alone or in combination with the N2 retroviral vector. These results indicate that these packaging lines are safe and efficient for use in experiments designed for murine (using GP + E-86) and human (using GP + envAm12) gene therapy.
Rational Design of Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited LiFePO<sub>4</sub> as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

Atomic layer deposition is successfully applied to synthesize lithium iron phosphate in a layer-by-layer manner by using self-limiting surface reactions. The lithium iron phosphate exhibits high power density, excellent rate capability, and ultra-long lifetime, showing great potential for vehicular lithium batteries and 3D all-solid-state microbatteries.
Comparative metagenomics reveals impact of contaminants on groundwater microbiomes (2015)

To understand patterns of geochemical cycling in pristine versus contaminated groundwater ecosystems, pristine shallow groundwater (FW301) and contaminated groundwater (FW106) samples from the Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Center (OR-IFRC) were sequenced and compared to each other to determine phylogenetic and metabolic difference between the communities. Proteobacteria (e.g., Burkholderia, Pseudomonas) are the most abundant lineages in the pristine community, though a significant proportion (>55%) of the community is composed of poorly characterized low abundance (individually <1%) lineages. The phylogenetic diversity of the pristine community contributed to a broader diversity of metabolic networks than the contaminated community. In addition, the pristine community encodes redundant and mostly complete geochemical cycles distributed over multiple lineages and appears capable of a wide range of metabolic activities. In contrast, many geochemical cycles in the contaminated community appear truncated or minimized due to decreased biodiversity and dominance by Rhodanobacter populations capable of surviving the combination of stresses at the site. These results indicate that the pristine site contains more robust and encodes more functional redundancy than the stressed community, which contributes to more efficient nutrient cycling and adaptability than the stressed community.
Effects of ageing and streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on connexin43 and P2 purinoceptor expression in the rat corpora cavernosa and urinary bladder (2009)

Ageing and diabetes mellitus markedly altered the expression of the gap junction protein Cx43 and of particular P2R subtypes in the rat penile corpora and urinary bladder. These changes in Cx43 and P2R expression provide the molecular substrate for altered gap junction and purinergic signalling in these tissues, and thus probably contribute to the early development of erectile dysfunction and higher detrusor activity in ageing and in diabetic rats.
Recent Advances in Tumor Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2015)

Image-guided tumor ablation for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an accepted non-surgical treatment that provides excellent local tumor control and favorable survival benefit. This review summarizes the recent advances in tumor ablation for HCC. Diagnostic imaging and molecular biology of HCC has recently undergone marked improvements. Second-generation ultrasonography (US) contrast agents, new computed tomography (CT) techniques, and liver-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled the early detection of smaller and inconspicuous HCC lesions. Various imaging-guidance tools that incorporate imaging-fusion between real-time US and CT/MRI, that are now common for percutaneous tumor ablation, have increased operator confidence in the accurate targeting of technically difficult tumors. In addition to radiofrequency ablation (RFA), various therapeutic modalities including microwave ablation, irreversible electroporation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation have attracted attention as alternative energy sources for effective locoregional treatment of HCC. In addition, combined treatment with RFA and chemoembolization or molecular agents may be able to overcome the limitation of advanced or large tumors. Finally, understanding of the biological mechanisms and advances in therapy associated with tumor ablation will be important for successful tumor control. All these advances in tumor ablation for HCC will result in significant improvement in the prognosis of HCC patients. In this review, we primarily focus on recent advances in molecular tumor biology, diagnosis, imaging-guidance tools, and therapeutic modalities, and refer to the current status and future perspectives for tumor ablation for HCC.
Reinforced Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search (2018)

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is an important yet challenging task in network design due to its high computational consumption. To address this issue, we propose the Reinforced Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search (RE- NAS), which is an evolutionary method with the reinforced mutation for NAS. Our method integrates reinforced mutation into an evolution algorithm for neural architecture exploration, in which a mutation controller is introduced to learn the effects of slight modifications and make mutation actions. The reinforced mutation controller guides the model population to evolve efficiently. Furthermore, as child models can inherit parameters from their parents during evolution, our method requires very limited computational resources. In experiments, we conduct the proposed search method on CIFAR-10 and obtain a powerful network architecture, RENASNet. This architecture achieves a competitive result on CIFAR-10. The explored network architecture is transferable to ImageNet and achieves a new state-of-the-art accuracy, i.e., 75.7% top-1 accuracy with 5.36M parameters on mobile ImageNet. We further test its performance on semantic segmentation with DeepLabv3 on the PASCAL VOC. RENASNet outperforms MobileNet-v1, MobileNet-v2 and NASNet. It achieves 75.83% mIOU without being pre-trained on COCO.
TiLoop® Bra mesh used for immediate breast reconstruction: comparison of retropectoral and subcutaneous implant placement in a prospective single-institution series (2014)

Titanium-coated polypropylene meshes, as a tool for immediate definitive implant breast reconstruction, resulted as safe and effective in a short-term analysis, both for a retropectoral and a totally subcutaneous implant placement. Long-term results are forthcoming. A strict selection is mandatory to achieve optimal results. Level of Evidence: Level II, therapeutic study.
Primer tRNAs for reverse transcription (1997)

Free access1 November 1997 Share on Primer tRNAs for reverse transcriptionAuthors: J Mak, L KleimanAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.71.11.8087-8095.1997 PDF/EPUB
Refrigeration Cycle With Ejector for Second Step Compression (2010)

The paper contains the most important results of the investigations focused on the implementation of a two-phase ejector as a second-step compressor in compression refrigeration systems. The basic principles of the system as well as the dedicated test-stand specially for this project are described. The results of the experimental investigations of the two-phase ejector various geometries are then presented for operation with refrigerant R-507. The exemplary results are shown in terms of the temperature and pressure distributions in the ejector as well as performance characteristics. Additionally, an analysis of the system COP is presented.
Changes in functional properties of A-type but not C-type sensory neurons in vivo in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy (2012)

This study provides evidence for defining a potential role of Aβ-fiber low threshold mechanoreceptor neurons that might contribute to peripheral neuropathic pain.
Effect of Nanosilica Filled Polyurethane Composite Coating on Polypropylene Substrate (2013)

Acrylic based polyurethane (PU) coatings with various amounts of nanosilica contents were prepared using solution casting method. The nanosilica (SiO 2 ) particles used are around 16 nm in diameter. The friction and wear test was conducted using the reciprocating wear testing machine. The tests were performed at rotary speed of 100 rpm and 200 rpm with load of 0.1 kg to 0.4 kg under 1 N interval. The effect of the PU/nano‐SiO 2 composite coating on friction and wear behavior of polypropylene substrate was investigated and compared. The worn surface of coating film layer after testing was investigated by using an optical microscope. The introduction of PU/nanosilica composite coating containing 3 wt% of nano‐SiO 2 content gives the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate to PP substrate. Both the friction and wear rate of PP substrate coated with >3 wt% of nano‐SiO 2 filled PU coating would increase with the increasing of applied load and sliding time.
A Review on Forest Fire Detection Techniques (2014)

Context. Apart from causing tragic loss of lives and valuable natural and individual properties including thousands of hectares of forest and hundreds of houses, forest fires are a great menace to ecologically healthy grown forests and protection of the environment. Every year, thousands of forest fires across the globe cause disasters beyond measure and description. This issue has been the research interest for many years; there are a huge amount of very well studied solutions available out there for testing or even ready for use to resolve this problem. Aim. This work will summarise all the technologies that have been used for forest fire detection with exhaustive surveys of their techniques/methods used in this application. Methods. A lot of methods and systems are available in the market and for research. The paper reviews all the methods and discusses examples of research experiment results and some market product methods for better understanding. Result. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. A full discussions provided after each type. Conclusion. A full table is provided at the end to summarise a comparison between the four methods.
Session Initiation Protocol (2007)

This chapter will introduce you to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and will also give you an insight into the SIP message structure.KeywordsSession Initiation ProtocolUser AgentLive CommunicationServer Session Initiation ProtocolSession Initiation Protocol MessageThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
An integrated PIN/JFET photoreceiver for long wavelength optical systems (1981)

We demonstrate the operation of In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As integrated PIN/FET devices with transconductance of 60 mS/mm. An analytic model gives a good description of the FET performance characteristics and shows that these devices operate in the regime of electron saturated drift velocity. We also discuss ways of optimizing the PIN and the FET together in the single integrated device.
Capillary Gas Chromatography Coupled with Microplasma Mass Spectrometry - Improved Ion Source Design Compatible with Bench-Top Mass Spectrometric Instrumentation (1998)

Capillary gas chromatography was performed with mass spectrometric detection using a novel microplasma ion source for operation in an element-selective mode. The ion source was a 350 kHz radio frequency helium plasma, which was sustained inside the 4 cm end of a 0.32 mm i.d. fused silica capillary column, and located inside the high vacuum chamber of the quadrupole mass spectrometer. Due to the low volume of the ion source, a stable low pressure discharge was produced utilizing only the 2.25 mL min−1 of GC carrier gas (helium) for plasma support. Small amounts of oxygen (0.1–0.2% v/v) were added to the plasma gas in order to prevent carbon deposits and to enhance signal-to-noise ratios. Chlorine and bromine were selectively detected at the 5–20 pg s−1 level (S/N = 2), and both produced a response that was linear within 3 orders of magnitude.
On the long‐term interaction among earthquakes: Some insight from a model simulation (2003)

A currently debated issue in seismology concerns the possible existence of coupling among earthquakes distant in space and time. Here, we provide the results of a simulation that mimics the coseismic and postseismic interactions in a spherical and viscoelastic Earth. In particular, the model estimates the stress induced by remote earthquakes at selected points on the Earth's surface, and the effects on a simple fault model. The obtained results indicate that a seismic zone can interact significantly with other remote seismic regions. Clusters in seismicity, gaps, and nonstationary behavior in general might be induced by the occurrence of large earthquakes at distances up to about 1000 km. These findings suggest that an implied paradigm of seismic hazard studies, i.e., seismic zones are isolated and stationary systems, should be regarded with extreme caution. Finally, we show some empirical evidence of possible long‐term interaction in the seismicity of southern California.
Rapid Identification of Commonly Encountered<i>Candida</i>Species Directly from Blood Culture Bottles (2003)

We report a rapid-cycle, real-time PCR method for identifying six Candida spp. directly from BACTEC blood culture bottles. Target sequences in the noncoding internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA operon were simultaneously amplified and interrogated with fluorescent probes to identify Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. lusitaniae; these account for 88% of the yeast species isolated from positive blood cultures in our laboratory. Any of the first four species can be identified in a single reaction using two fluorescent hybridization probe sets. The antifungal-resistant species C. krusei and C. lusitaniae are detected in a second reaction, also with two probe sets. The assay was validated with DNA extracted from BACTEC blood culture bottles positive for yeasts (n = 62) and was 100% concordant with culture identification based on biochemical and morphological features of C. albicans (n = 22), C. parapsilosis (n = 10), C. tropicalis (n = 1) C. glabrata (n = 22), C. krusei (n = 2), and C. lusitaniae (n = 1). No cross-reactivity was observed in blood culture samples growing yeasts other than the above-mentioned species (n = 4), in those growing bacteria (n = 12), or in the absence of microbial growth. Our assay allows rapid (</=2 h) and specific detection of the most common Candida spp. directly from positive blood cultures and may facilitate delivery of optimal antifungal therapy.
Occult Breast Cancer Presenting as Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary: Clinical Presentation, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Analysis (2012)

We report a rare presentation of a 66-year-old female with diffuse metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary involving liver, lymphatic system and bone metastases. The neoplastic cells were positive for CK7 and OC125, while negative for CK20, thyroid transcription factor 1, CDX2, BRST-2, chromogranin, synaptophysin, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed no amplification of the HER2/neu gene. Molecular profiling reported a breast cancer origin with a very high confidence score of 98%. The absence of immunohistochemistry staining for ER, PR, and HER2/neu further classified her cancer as triple-negative breast cancer. Additional studies revealed high expression levels of topoisomerase (Topo) I, androgen receptor, and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit; the results were negative for thymidylate synthase, Topo II-a and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The patient was initially treated with a combination regimen of cisplatin and etoposide, and she experienced a rapid resolution of cancer-related symptoms. Unfortunately, her therapy was complicated by a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), which was thought to be related to cisplatin and high serum mucin. After recovery from the CVA, the patient was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy based on her tumor expression profile. We highlight the role of molecular profiling in the diagnosis and management of this patient and the implication of personalized chemotherapy in this challenging disease.
Density, Viscosity, and Performances of Carbon Dioxide Capture in 16 Absorbents of Amine + Ionic Liquid + H<sub>2</sub>O, Ionic Liquid + H<sub>2</sub>O, and Amine + H<sub>2</sub>O Systems (2010)

A series of novel ionic liquids, 2-aminoethanol tetrafluoroborate ([MEA][BF4]), 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino] ethanol tetrafluoroborate ([MDEA][BF4]), 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino] ethanol chloride ([MDEA][Cl]), 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino] ethanol phosphate ([MDEA][PO4]), and 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino] ethanol sulfate ([MDEA][SO4]), were synthesized and characterized for carbon dioxide capture in this work. Densities and viscosities of ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [MEA][BF4], [MDEA][BF4], [MDEA][Cl], [MDEA][PO4], and [MDEA][SO4]), amines + ionic liquids + H2O, ionic liquids + H2O, and amines + H2O were measured at temperatures ranging from (303.15 to 343.15) K at different mass fractions. These 16 different absorbents were prepared by mixing two or three compounds of 2-aminoethanol (MEA), 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino] ethanol (MDEA), 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino] ethanol (TEA), ionic liquids, and water. The carbon dioxide capture rate and carbon dioxide capture capacity in the 16 different absorbents were measured at 303.15 K and 1.50 MPa. The experimental results showed that the viscosities of these absorbents are less than 17.00 mPa·s at 303.15 K. Among these absorbents, the MDEA + [MDEA][Cl] + H2O + piperazine system shows the best performance on carbon dioxide capture.