gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution automatic magnetometer using a superconducting magnet: Application to high field susceptibility measurements (1972)

Flux creep phenomenon occurs when a magnetic sample is displaced inside a superconducting solenoid. The magnetization measurement by the classical flux integration technique is disturbed by this phenomenon. We describe a method to eliminate this perturbation. At a fixed field, using a special compensated pick-up coil, the measurements, done at regular intervals, tend toward a final value proportional to the moment. Using an integrating digital voltmeter as fluxmeter, the short term reproducibility reaches 2 to 3.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> . The apparatus is automatic. It allows measurements such as high field susceptibilities, law of approach to saturation, and anisotropic spontaneous magnetization.
An integrated ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometer for chemical and photo- reaction dynamics studies (2012)

We demonstrate the integration of a linear quadrupole trap with a simple time-of-flight mass spectrometer with medium-mass resolution (m/Δm ∼ 50) geared towards the demands of atomic, molecular, and chemical physics experiments. By utilizing a novel radial ion extraction scheme from the linear quadrupole trap into the mass analyzer, a device with large trap capacity and high optical access is realized without sacrificing mass resolution. This provides the ability to address trapped ions with laser light and facilitates interactions with neutral background gases prior to analyzing the trapped ions. Here, we describe the construction and implementation of the device as well as present representative ToF spectra. We conclude by demonstrating the flexibility of the device with proof-of-principle experiments that include the observation of molecular-ion photodissociation and the measurement of trapped-ion chemical reaction rates.
Quantitative correlation between in vitro and in vivo activities of phorbol esters. (1979)

Abstract The potent mouse skin tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) has been previously shown to stimulate increased deoxyglucose transport and to cause loss of the large external transformation-sensitive glycoprotein (LETSP) from the surface of normal chicken embryo fibroblasts. We have now obtained dose-response data for loss of LETSP in chicken embryo fibroblasts induced by six other phorbol esters. With one exception, these derivatives all caused a comparable maximal decrease in LETSP, whereas their half-maximally effective doses (ED 50 9s) varied over a range of four orders of magnitude. Good quantitative correlation was obtained between these ED 50 9s in the chicken embryo fibroblast system and the known inflammatory potencies (quantity causing ear inflammation in 50% of a group of treated mice, ID 50 9s) of these derivatives in the mouse ear assay. With respect to stimulation of deoxyglucose transport, the phorbol esters examined fell into two categories. PMA, phorbol 12,13-diacetate, and phorbol 12,13,20-triacetate showed ED 50 9s for stimulating deoxyglucose transport which closely matched their ED 50 9s for causing loss of LETSP and which thus also correlated well with the quantity causing ear inflammation in 50% of a group of treated mice, ID 50 9s, in the mouse ear assay. Others, phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, phorbol 12,13-dibenzoate, and 4- O -methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, were 4- to 9-fold more potent in stimulating deoxyglucose transport than in causing LETSP loss. Unlike the phorbol esters, the parent diterpene phorbol and free myristic acid had little effect on deoxyglucose transport or LETSP levels at concentrations up to 3 mm (phorbol) or 0.2 mm (myristic acid), above which toxicity was observed. For PMA, the relation between stimulation of deoxyglucose transport and toxicity was examined. In contrast to an ED 50 for stimulation by PMA of 3.7 nm, inhibition of this stimulation occurred only with an ED 50 of 3.3 µm.
Effects of pharmacological retinoids on several vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes. (1993)

Fenretinide (HPR), 13-cis-retinoic acid, and all-trans-retinoic acid are vitamin A derivatives used in the treatment of cancer and severe acne. Patients taking these drugs often show side effects resembling the symptoms of hypovitaminosis A, namely, night blindness and decreased plasma retinol levels. A dietary vitamin A deficiency is not suspected in these patients; therefore, interference with normal vitamin A metabolism seems likely. The effect of these drugs on two enzymes involved in vitamin A metabolism was investigated. At micromolar concentrations, all three derivatives were found to inhibit intestinal lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and to a lesser extent liver LRAT and intestinal retinal reductase. Inhibition of intestinal LRAT by HPR and 13-cis-retinoic acid was enhanced by preincubation prior to assay, whereas inhibition of the other activities was not. The Ki for the inhibition of intestinal LRAT by HPR was determined to be 24.1 +/- 5.6 microM. The ability of these drugs to inhibit retinal reduction and retinol esterification in vitro suggests an ability to interfere with normal vitamin A metabolism in vivo, particularly during absorption. This may be most significant for HPR, which is known to accumulate in the liver and intestine after chronic dosing.
The use of high‐resolution melting analysis for genotyping <i>Symbiodinium</i> strains: a sensitive and fast approach (2010)

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a closed-tube, rapid and sensitive technique able to detect DNA variations. It relies on the fluorescence melting curves that are obtained from the transition of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a result of temperature increase. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of HRM as a tool to rapidly and precisely genotype monotypic Symbiodinium populations using the internal transcribed spacer, region 2, ribosomal DNA (ITS2 rDNA). For this, Symbiodinium denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles, where gel bands were excised and sequenced, were compared to HRM genotypes. Results showed that twenty cultures were correctly genotyped in <2 h using HRM analysis with a percentage of confidence >90%. Limitations of the technique were also investigated. Unlike other techniques used for genotyping Symbiodinium, such as DGGE and other fingerprint profiles, HRM is a technique of great advantage for field coral reef ecologists and physiologists as no expertise in advanced molecular methods is required.
Novel singlet oxygen generators: the nature and the number of trapped metal atoms in endohedral metallofullerenes M@C82 (M=Dy, Gd, La) and Dy2@C2n (2n=84–94) (2001)

Endohedral metallofullerenes M@C82 (M = Dy, Gd, La) and Dy2@C2n (2n = 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94) under photolytic conditions, depending on the kind and the number of the entrapped metal atoms, can efficiently sensitize the reaction of olefins with molecular oxygen. Alkenes, 2-methylbut-2-ene and α-terpinene, undergo ene and Diels–Alder photooxygenation reactions, respectively, in the presence of minute amounts of those metallofullerenes to produce the corresponding peroxides.
A Coreceptor-Independent Transgenic Human TCR Mediates Anti-Tumor and Anti-Self Immunity in Mice (2012)

Recent advancements in T cell immunotherapy suggest that T cells engineered with high-affinity TCR can offer better tumor regression. However, whether a high-affinity TCR alone is sufficient to control tumor growth, or the T cell subset bearing the TCR is also important remains unclear. Using the human tyrosinase epitope-reactive, CD8-independent, high-affinity TCR isolated from MHC class I-restricted CD4(+) T cells obtained from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of a metastatic melanoma patient, we developed a novel TCR transgenic mouse with a C57BL/6 background. This HLA-A2-restricted TCR was positively selected on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive cells. However, when the TCR transgenic mouse was developed with a HLA-A2 background, the transgenic TCR was primarily expressed by CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T cells. TIL 1383I TCR transgenic CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells were functional and retained the ability to control tumor growth without the need for vaccination or cytokine support in vivo. Furthermore, the HLA-A2(+)/human tyrosinase TCR double-transgenic mice developed spontaneous hair depigmentation and had visual defects that progressed with age. Our data show that the expression of the high-affinity TIL 1383I TCR alone in CD3(+) T cells is sufficient to control the growth of murine and human melanoma, and the presence or absence of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors had little effect on its functional capacity.
Fast analytical thermal modeling of electronic devices and circuits with multi-layer stack mountings (2004)

In this paper an analytical model for the steady-state temperature mapping of electronic devices and system boards is presented. The main assumptions are that the heat generation may be considered as two-dimensional and that the whole solid structure can be schematically modelled as a stack of several homogeneous layers of different materials and different sizes, also with various degree of asymmetry. This mathematical model is believed to replace conventional finite-elements (FEM) thermal simulators for fast thermal mapping, accurate within 1% and able to run in interaction with electrical and electro-thermal automatic design tools. Its convenience in terms of speed and calculation amounts is due to the fact that it requires 2-D meshing grids only at the interfaces instead of 3-D. The implemented thermal simulation program was validated by comparing the results of given virtual samples with the corresponding temperature and heat flux maps obtained with the FEM analysis. The amount and the origin of the error percentages with respect to the FEM analysis were also investigated as a functions of the free input parameters of the analytical program.
Structure of Five New Prenylated Flavonoids L, M, N, O, and P from Aerial Parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (1990)

Five new prenylated flavonoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH.et DC.(Leguminosae), and the structures of the new compounds, gancaonins L, M, N, 0 , and P were elucidated as 8-prenylated 5,/,3',4'-tetrahydrauyisoflavone, 8-prenylated 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-meth0~yi~0fIa~0ne, 6-prenylated 4'-methoxy-5,7,2'-trihydro~yisof1a~one, 6-prenylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, and 6-prenylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol, respectively, on the basis of spectral evidence.In the previous papers, 1-3 we reported the structure determinations of isoprenoid-substituted flavonoids from Xibei licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp., Leguminosae, Seihoku Kanzo in Japanese) and the aerial parts of Glycyrrhlza uralensis FISCH.et DC.In continuation of the studies, we examined the phenolic constituents of the aerial parts of G. uralensis, and describe here the characterization of five new prenylated flavonoids, gancaonins L ill, M 121, N (31, 0 (41, and P (5).From the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of G. uralensis, these new flavonoids were lsolated as described in "Experimental."Gancaonin L (1).colorless prisms, mp 189-192 'c, C20H1806, gave a dark green color with methanolic ferric chloride, and was positrve to the Gibbs test.The uv spectrum of 1 exhibited maxima at 207, 266, 293 ish), and 340 (shl nm, and resembled the sprctra of isoflavone derivatives having an isoprenoid moiety in the A-ring. 3Moreover the uv spectrum of 1 showed remarkable bathochromic shift upon addition of aluminum chloride, while the spectrum exhibited hypsochromic shift on addition of hydrochloric acid to the aluminum chloride solution.These results suggest the presence of the e -d i h y d r o x y l groups in the s t r u ~t u r e .~The ' H nmr spectrum
Dispersed paramagnetic nitrogen content of large laboratory diamonds (1971)

Abstract A curve relating dispersed paramagnetic nitrogen concentrations in laboratory diamonds to their infra-red or ultra-violet absorption spectra has been obtained. Good quality laboratory diamonds ranging in size from 14 to 130 mg were used in this work. From this curve one can obtain dispersed paramagnetic nitrogen concentrations in the range between 0·1 and 500 atomic p.p.m. This curve extends previous results two orders of magnitude toward lower nitrogen concentrations and shows a higher dispersed paramagnetic nitrogen concentration for a given absorption coefficient.
Towards Single-Copy Gene Expression Systems Making Gene Cloning Physiologically Relevant: Lambda InCh, a Simple <i>Escherichia coli</i> Plasmid-Chromosome Shuttle System (2000)

ABSTRACT We describe a simple system for reversible, stable integration of plasmid-borne genes into the Escherichia coli chromosome. Most ordinary E. coli strains and a variety of pBR322-derived ampicillin-resistant plasmids can be used. A single genetic element, a lambda phage, is the only specialized vector required. The resultant strains have a single copy of the plasmid fragment inserted stably at the lambda attachment site on the chromosome, with nearly the entire lambda genome deleted.
Optical soliton communication in a positively andnegativelydispersion-allocated optical fibre transmission line (1995)

A bright optical soliton described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation can survive even in a positive dispersion region as long as the average dispersion has a negative value. This allows us to combine fibres with large positive and large negative dispersion, which in turn will enable us to introduce solitons in a commercial system.
A multimedia intelligent message communication system for distributed coordination environments (1993)

Abstract This paper proposes a new multimedia message communication system. This system is strongly integrated with deskwork operation by multiple polymorphism of object‐oriented construction in a distributed computer resource OA environment consisting of networks, personal computers, and workstations. Here, a message communication system and desk‐work system are regarded as a means of processing mail with undecided/decided boxes as start/end points. Further, automated generation of an individual action schedule and response mail has been implemented by using a distributed coordination algorithm of 1: N conversation element module with knowledgebase of individual action status, and its application to automated and personalized secretary work in OA environments has been studied.
Controlling chemical chaos (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlling chemical chaosBo Peng, Valery Petrov, and Kenneth ShowalterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 13, 4957–4959Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100166a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100166a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gentherapeutische Ansätze in der Arthrosebehandlung (1999)

Current concepts in treating arthritis by gene transfer are described, including different vector systems and strategies of gene transfer into target cells. Promissing antiarthritic gene products are a variety of growth factors which facilitate increased matrix synthesis and mitogensis in articular chondrocytes. Furthermore, rheumatoid joint destruction can be treated genetically by the transfer of certain antiinflammatory cytokine genes, which provide locally high concentrations of the antiinflammatory gene product. First clinical trails using the IRAP gene (interleukin I receptor antagonist protein) to eliminate the inflammatory reaction caused by interleukin I in rheumatoid joints are on its way. In order to investigate potential improvement in cartilage regeneration retroviral TGF-beta gene transfer in rabbit articular chondrocytes has been carried out. The TGF-beta group showed an in vitro increase in collagen type II neosynthesis by 304%, compared to normal chondrocytes.
Cellular Hypoxia of Pancreatic β-Cells Due to High Levels of Oxygen Consumption for Insulin Secretion in Vitro (2011)

Cellular oxygen consumption is a determinant of intracellular oxygen levels. Because of the high demand of mitochondrial respiration during insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cells consume large amounts of oxygen in a short time period. We examined the effect of insulin secretion on cellular oxygen tension in vitro. We confirmed that Western blotting of pimonidazole adduct was more sensitive than immunostaining for detection of cellular hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. The islets of the diabetic mice but not those of normal mice were hypoxic, especially when a high dose of glucose was loaded. In MIN6 cells, a pancreatic β-cell line, pimonidazole adduct formation and stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were detected under mildly hypoxic conditions. Inhibition of respiration rescued the cells from becoming hypoxic. Glucose stimulation decreased cellular oxygen levels in parallel with increased insulin secretion and mitochondrial respiration. The cellular hypoxia by glucose stimulation was also observed in the isolated islets from mice. The MIN6 cells overexpressing HIF-1α were resistant to becoming hypoxic after glucose stimulation. Thus, glucose-stimulated β-cells can become hypoxic by oxygen consumption, especially when the oxygen supply is impaired.
Corrosion Behavior of Magnetron Sputter‐Deposited  [ Mo0.6Ru0.4 ] 82 B 18 and Mo82 B 18 Amorphous Metal Films (1984)

Amorphous metallic films of and have been prepared by magnetron sputtering, and their corrosion behavior was investigated and compared with amorphous liquid‐quenched and crystalline Mo in acidic and basic solutions. Sputtered showed lower corrosion rates compared with liquid‐quenched , owing to the superior surface smoothness and uniformity of the former. Amorphous showed low corrosion rates in both acidic and basic aqueous solutions. Comparison of the corrosion properties of with and Mo demonstrates the roles of the alloys' constituents. Ru significantly extends the passive region to high anodic potentials, but, at less anodic potentials, has the lowest corrosion rate.
The Effect of Hybrid ARQ Schemes on the TCP Connection over Wireless Link (2007)

Current research on wireless TCP always assumes that link layer utilizes the hybrid ARQ scheme without packet combining for error recovery. However, there are two other hybrid ARQ schemes with packet combining used to recover error at link layer. Little attention is paid to how the two schemes affect the wireless TCP. In this paper, we study the effect of the three hybrid ARQ schemes on the spurious TCP timeouts over wireless link via extensive simulation and numerical analysis. We find that the hybrid ARQ schemes with packet combining can avoid spurious TCP time more efficiently than the ARQ scheme without packet combining when the persistency of ARQ schemes is full. This suggests that the hybrid ARQ schemes with packet combining and fully persistency policy is enough to improve TCP performance over wireless link.
Electrochemical detection of individual DNA hybridization events (2012)

We report on real-time electrochemical detection of individual DNA hybridization events at an electrode surface. The experiment is carried out in a microelectrochemical device configured with a working electrode modified with single-stranded DNA probe molecules. When a complementary DNA strand labelled with a catalyst hybridizes to the probe, an easily detectable electrocatalytic current is observed. In the experiments reported here, the catalyst is a platinum nanoparticle and the current arises from electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. Two types of current transients are observed: short bursts and longer-lived steps. At low concentrations of hydrazine, the average size of the current transients is proportional to the amount of hydrazine present, but at higher concentrations the hydrazine oxidation reaction interferes with hybridization.
Driving Behavior Analysis for Smartphone-based Insurance Telematics (2015)

Insurance telematics programs are continuously gaining market shares in the automotive insurance industry. By recording data on drivers' behavior, the information asymmetry between the policyholder and the insurer is reduced, enabling a granular risk differentiation based on the true risk levels of the drivers. However, the growth of the insurance telematics industry is being held up by large logistic costs associated with the process of acquiring data. As a result, several market participants have started looking towards smartphone-based solutions, which have the potential of easing and improving the data collection process for both policyholders and insurers.
A Natural Model of <i>Leishmania major</i> Infection Reveals a Prolonged “Silent” Phase of Parasite Amplification in the Skin Before the Onset of Lesion Formation and Immunity (2000)

A model of Leishmania major infection in C57BL/6 mice has been established that combines two main features of natural transmission: low dose (100 metacyclic promastigotes) and inoculation into a dermal site (the ear dermis). The evolution of the dermal lesion could be dissociated into two distinct phases. The initial "silent" phase, lasting 4-5 wk, favored establishment of the peak load of parasites in the dermis in the absence of lesion formation or any overt histopathologic changes in the site. The second phase corresponds to the development of a lesion associated with an acute infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils into the dermis and was coincident with the killing of parasites in the site. The onset of immunity/pathology was correlated with the appearance of cells staining for IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma in the epidermal compartment, and an expansion of T cells capable of producing IFN-gamma in the draining lymph node. Parasite growth was not enhanced over the first 4.5 wk in anti-CD4-treated mice, SCID mice, or C57BL/6 mice deficient in IL-12p40, IFN-gamma, CD40 ligand, or inducible NO synthase. These mice all failed to ultimately control infection in the site, but in some cases (anti-CD4 treated, IL-12p40-/-, CD40 ligand-/-, and SCID) high dermal parasite loads were associated with little or no pathology. These results extend to a natural infection model a role for Th1 cells in both acquired resistance and lesion formation, and document the remarkable avoidance of this response during a prolonged phase of parasite amplification in the skin.
Skin Pattern Sonification as a New Timbral Expression (2014)

The authors discuss two sonification projects that transform fingerprint and skin patterns into audio: (1) Digiti Sonus, an interactive installation performing fingerprint sonification and visualization and (2) skin pattern sonification, which converts pore networks into sound. The projects include novel techniques for representing user-intended fingerprint expression and skin pattern selection as audio parameters.