gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Gateway Diversity for High Throughput Broadband Satellite Systems (2014)

This paper addresses the Smart Gateway diversity scheme to be employed in future High Throughput Satellite Systems (HTS) at Ka, Q/V bands or above. The availability of a network of N gateways is presented with P redundant and with N active multiplexed gateways. A new time switched architecture is compared with the more conventional frequency division system for the N-active scheme but retaining transparent satellite transponders. In addition, resource allocation algorithms are compared, end to end, which maximize the throughput and balance the traffic amongst the user beams for gateways links degraded by rain. The time switched gateway approach allows simplifies satellite payloads and reduced ground segment size and hence cost.
Solution Rheological Behavior and Electrospinning of Cationic Polyelectrolytes (2005)

The influence of polyelectrolyte rheological behavior on the electrospinning process was determined for a series of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PDMAEMA·HCl) aqueous solutions in the presence of added NaCl. Solution rheological studies revealed that PDMAEMA·HCl in an 80/20 w/w water/methanol cosolvent displayed polyelectrolyte behavior based on the scaling relationship between specific viscosity (ηsp) and concentration in the semidilute unentangled and semidilute entangled regimes. The entanglement concentration (Ce) increased with NaCl concentration due to screening of the electrostatic repulsive forces along the PDMAEMA·HCl backbone, which enabled the PDMAEMA·HCl chains to adopt a flexible, coillike conformation. Moreover, the scaling behavior in the semidilute entangled regime shifted from polyelectrolyte (ηsp ∼ C1.5) to neutral polymer behavior (ηsp ∼ C3.75) in the high salt limit. The electrospinning performance of PDMAEMA·HCl solutions was also dependent on NaCl concentration, and NaCl-free PDMAEMA·HCl solutions did not form fibers at concentrations less than 8Ce. The minimum concentration for fiber formation decreased as the level of NaCl was increased due to screening of the repulsive, electrostatic interactions between charged repeating units that served to stabilize the electrospinning jet. Moreover, because of the high electrical conductivity of the polyelectrolyte solutions, the electrospun polyelectrolyte fibers were 2−3 orders of magnitude smaller in diameter compared to fibers that were electrospun from solutions of neutral polymers of equal zero shear viscosity (η0) and normalized concentration (C/Ce).
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections in 250 patients. Abbreviated therapeutic approach to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. (1992)

The results of this study indicate that catheter ablation of accessory AV connections with radiofrequency current can be performed safely and expeditiously in a majority of patients and confirm in a large series the feasibility of catheter ablation at the time of an initial diagnostic electrophysiology test. This abbreviated therapeutic approach avoids the need for electropharmacological testing, long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and surgical therapy in the majority of patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or with symptomatic tachycardias involving accessory AV connections.
Wallstent metallic biliary endoprosthesis: MR imaging characteristics. (1992)

Image quality and safety of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were evaluated in vitro and in eight patients with the most commonly employed metallic biliary endoprosthesis. In vitro, the stent produced no tip deflection at 0.6 or 1.5 T. Trace magnetic susceptibility artifact, similar to artifact from a column of air, paralleled the stent. In patients, image degradation was minimal with conventional pulse sequences. Middle-field-strength spin-echo images revealed minimal artifacts indistinguishable from those produced by pneumobilia.
Locally Targeted Cardiac Gene Delivery by AAV Microbubble Destruction in a Large Animal Model (2016)

Cardiac gene therapy is a promising approach for treating heart diseases. Although clinical studies are ongoing, effective and targeted transgene delivery is still a major obstacle. We sought to improve and direct transgene expression in myocardium by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). In pigs, adeno-associated virus-derived (AAV) vectors harboring the luciferase reporter gene were delivered via retroinfusion into the anterior interventricular coronary vein (AIV). AAV vectors were either loaded to lipid microbubbles before injection or injected unmodified. Upon injection of AAV/microbubble solution, UTMD was performed. After 4 weeks, reporter gene expression levels in the anterior wall (target area), in the posterior wall (control area), and in noncardiac organs were analyzed. Retroinfusion of AAV-luciferase vectors loaded to lipid microbubbles led to a significant increase in transgene expression, with an increase in UTMD targeted areas of the anterior wall. Moreover, off-target expression was reduced in comparison to control animals, receiving AAV-luciferase without microbubbles. Besides an increase in overall target area transgene expression, UTMD alters the spatial expression of the luciferase transgene, focusing expression to ultrasound-targeted left ventricular wall. These data suggest UTMD as a promising approach for directing AAV to specific cardiac segments.
Silicon millimeter-wave circuits for receivers and transmitters (2003)

Two silicon monolithic circuits, a 90-GHz-band monolithic integrated Schottky diode receiver fabricated on a highly insulating silicon substrate, and a planar W-band oscillator, hybrid integrated on a highly insulating silicon substrate with double drift region IMPATT diodes, are presented. The receiver consists of the monolithic Schottky diode and a planar antenna structure on one silicon chip. The receiver sensitivity is 65 mu W/cm. The receiver antenna half-power beamwidth is 23 degrees and the side-lobe attenuation is 12 dB. The continuous-wave oscillator output power is greater than 20 mW and the efficiency is more than 1%. The hybrid IMPATT oscillators show good characteristics for low current densities. However, for higher current densities bias oscillations occur and the microwave power nearly vanishes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Design of the Universal Winding (1941)

A simple gear-ratio formula for winding universal coils is derived. Auxiliary tables and curves to simplify its application for types of coils ordinarily used in radio work are also included.
Mixed-Signal-Controlled Flyback-Transformer-Based Buck Converter With Improved Dynamic Performance and Transient Energy Recycling (2012)

This paper introduces a practical modification of the buck converter and a complementary controller that are well suited for point of load applications with highly dynamic loads. The presented flyback-transformer-based buck (FTBB) converter has faster transient response than the conventional buck, allowing for a reduction in the output capacitance without penalty in the size of the magnetic core. During heavy-to-light load transients, the FTBB converter also recycles excess energy stored in the magnetic component, providing a useful energy savings mechanism. In this modification, the conventional buck inductor is replaced with the primary winding of the flyback transformer, an extra switch, and a set of small auxiliary switches on the secondary side. During heavy-to-light load transients, the inductor current is steered away from the output capacitor to the input port, achieving both energy recycling and savings due to reduced voltage overshoots. The light-to-heavy transient response is improved by reducing the equivalent inductance of the primary transformer winding to its leakage value. A mixed-signal current-programmed mode controller regulates operation of the converter. The controller provides minimum output voltage deviation and ensures seamless transitions between different operating modes. The performance of the FTBB converter is verified with a 6-to-1-V, 3-W, 390-kHz experimental prototype. In comparison with an equivalent buck converter, the experimental system has about three times smaller maximum output voltage deviation, allowing for the same output capacitor reduction and, for frequently changing loads, about 7% decrease in power losses.
Sorption of metal ions by whole cells of<i>bacillus</i>and<i>micrococcus</i> (1992)

Abstract Metal removal by seven strains of Bacillus and Micrococcus was investigated. The culture age of the cells had little or no effect on their sorption capacity. Using the Langmuir isotherm, it was possible to determine that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 had the highest maximum sorption capacity for uranium while a Micrococcus sp. strain presented the highest affinity. pH of the solution affected the sorption of uranium, copper, cadmium and zinc by B. subtilis. Hydrochloric acid was effective for desorption of uranium from pre‐loaded biomass. The presence of other ion inhibited uranium sorption in the following order: Cu2+>Zn2+>Mg2+Cd2+>Ca2+>K+.
Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency (2001)

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzing the transfer of electrons from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen. It is composed of 13 structural subunits, three of which are encoded in mtDNA and form the catalytic core of the enzyme. In addition to these structural subunits, a large number of accessory factors are necessary for the assembly and maintenance of the active holoenzyme complex. Most isolated COX deficiencies are inherited as autosomal recessive disorders; mutations in the mtDNA-encoded COX subunit genes are relatively rare. These mutations are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from isolated myopathy to multisystem disease, with onset from late childhood to adulthood. Autosomal recessive COX deficiencies generally have a very early age of onset and a fatal outcome. Several clinical presentations have been described including Leigh Syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myopathy, and fatal infantile lactic acidosis. Surprisingly, mutations in the nuclear-encoded structural COX subunits have not been found in association with any of these phenotypes. Mutations have, however, been identified in several COX assembly factors: SURF1 (Leigh Syndrome), SCO2 (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), SCO1 (hepatic failure, ketoacidotic coma), and COX10 (encephalopathy, tubulopathy). As all of these assembly factors are ubiquitously expressed, the molecular basis for the different clinical presentations remains unexplained. Although the genetic defects in the majority of patients with COX deficiency are unknown, it is likely that most will be solved in the near future using functional complementation techniques.
New Hyperpolarized Contrast Agents for <sup>13</sup>C-MRI from Para-Hydrogenation of Oligooxyethylenic Alkynes (2008)

Two alkyne derivatives, which contain one and two oligooxyethylenic chains respectively, showed to be good substrates for para-hydrogenation reactions, yielding the corresponding hyperpolarized alkenes in good yields. A suitable theory has been developed to account for the observed results, fully explaining the different para-H 2 induced effects observed upon the para-hydrogenation of symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted alkynes in ALTADENA and PASADENA modes. The oligooxyethylenic substituent provides good water solubility to the para-hydrogenated symmetrical derivative. (13)C-MR in vitro images of the latter derivative were obtained both in acetone and in water solutions (130 mM), using the ALTADENA procedure and after application of the field cycling procedure which allows acquisition of an in-phase (13)C carbonyl resonance. The finding that the hydrogenated product is water-soluble in contrast to the parent alkyne which is not allows for the pursuit of a fast phase-transfer separation from the organic solvent, the unreacted substrate, and the catalyst to obtain a "ready-to-use" water solution suitable for further in vivo MRI applications.
Risk factors for<i>Neisseria meningitides</i>carriage in a school during a community outbreak of meningococcal infection (1996)

As part of the management of an outbreak of meningococcal infection, 119 school contacts of an index case were swabbed for nasopharyngeal carriage. In a cohort study, risk factors for Neisseria meningitidis carriage were ascertained by means of a questionnaire, completed by 114 (96%) of those swabbed. Twenty five (21%) cultures were identified as "neisseria positive'; of which there were 18 (15%) Neisseria meningitidis isolates, 2 (2%) Neisseria lactamica isolates and 5 (4%) showed contaminants only. Two (2%) carriers were identified as harbouring the implicated outbreak strain. Single variable analysis identified six statistically significant risk factors for meningococcal carriage; increasing age, female sex, manual social class, personal smoking, regular attendance at a discotheque and rhinorrhoea. Multivariate analysis, using logistic regression modelling, found that of these six variables only age, sex and social class remained statistically significant when the other factors were controlled for. Nevertheless the role of smoking, social events and respiratory/viral infections in nasopharyngeal carriage, and other plausible mechanisms whereby age, sex and social class might exert their effect, could usefully be investigated further.
A Practical Synthesis, Optical Resolution and Determination of Absolute Configuration of Enantiomerically Pure 1S,2R-(+)- and 1R,2S-(-)-cis-2-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexylamines: Important Precursor for a New Class of Sigma-Receptor Ligands and Anticonvulsant Drugs (1990)

A b s t r a c t -Enantiomerically pure + and (-)-&-2-(l-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexylamines + and (-1-9 were prepared starting with (+)trans-2-aminocyclohexanol ((+)-3.The key step in the generation of the & stereochemistry of (+)-and (-)-4 employed catalytic hydrogenation of the enamine mixture generated from condensation o f pyrrolidine with (+)-2-(benzamido)cyclohexanone ((+)-1).An efficient optical resolution of ( t ) -4 was achieved through two recrystallizations of the mandelate salts.The absolute configuration of (+)-and (-1-4 was assigned as 1S.2B and 1R.2S.respectively, based on conversion of (-1-4 to and comparison with the N-methyl derivative (-)-l2 of known 1R.22 absolute configuration.In response to the increasing demand for an anticonvulsant with high efficacy and low toxicity, (+)-&-3.4-dichloro-~-methyl-~-[2-(l-pyr1olidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzamide ((+)-U was recently developed by the Upjohn company as a nonopioid, non-phencyclidine (PCP) related anticonvulsant with high therapeutic index.1This compound is of interest since it bears a structural resemblance to (t)-~-3,4-dichloro-~-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyllbenzacetamide (U50.488)((+)-a, a highly potent and selective kappa opioid receptor agonist.2In a study of the effects of changes in the stereochemistry of (+I-2 on receptor binding activity, we recently reported the synthesis, absolute configuration and evaluation of optically pure forms of the & diastereomers, (+)-and (-)-1; unlike -2 , these compounds possessed high affinity and selectivity at the sigma receptor and very low affinity for kappa opioid r e ~e ~t o r s .3
Research vs. Industrial Practice with Tannin-Based Adhesives (1989)

Problems and facts that "in the author's personal experience" arise in the industrial application of tannin-based adhesives for timber sometimes indicate lack of correspondence with laboratory practice and results. These are often problems related to unusual characteristics of the adhesive itself, or of its application technique, which could not be noticed during research under laboratory conditions, but the existence of which could easily jeopardize successful implementation of laboratory technology into industrial practice. Correcting the "credibility gap" between research focus and industrial usage is seen as a critical step toward market expansion for these new products. Important considerations are: consistency of tannins, extracts and adhesives properties due to the natural raw material variability; formulation in cold-setting adhesives; and application conditions (such as wood moisture and adhesive-content or pressing time) in particleboard adhesives. These problems have been overcome in use of wattle tannin-based adhesives as shown by a visual comparison of tannin-, phenolic-, and melamine-bonded particleboards exposed to the weather for 15 years and the growing use of tannin-based adhesives in other countries.
Markov chain Monte Carlo for the Bayesian analysis of evolutionary trees from aligned molecular sequences (1999)

We show how to quantify the uncertainty in a phylogenetic tree inferred from molecular sequence information.Given a stochastic model of evolution, the Bayesian solution is simply to form a posterior probability distribution over the space of phylogenies.All inferences are derived from this posterior, including tree reconstructions, credible sets of good trees, and conclusions about monophyletic groups, for example.The challenging part is to approximate the posterior, and we do this by constructing a Markov chain having the posterior as its invariant distribution, following the approach of Mau, Newton, and Larget (1998).Our Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is based on small but global changes in the phylogeny, and exhibits good mixing properties empirically.We illustrate the methodology on DNA encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gathered by Hafher et al. (1994) for a set of parasites and their hosts.X B.
Stochastische Vorgänge in linearen und nichtlinearen Regelkreisen (1968)

Nachdem die statistischen Verfahren zu einem festen Bestandteil der Rege lungstechnik geworden sind, bedarf die Herausgabe dieses Buches keiner be sonderen Begründung. Es soll zweierlei Aufgaben erfül
A Large Scale Preparation of the Cognitive Enhancer Linopirdine (1993)

Abstract Linopirdine is a pharmacologically potent drug which stimulates central nervous system neurotransmitter release. A facile process used to synthesize linopirdine on a commercial manufacturing scale consisting of seven chemical steps with only a single isolated intermediate is described.
Organic semiconductors: donor–acceptor complexes of conjugated based with a repeating structural unit (1965)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Measuring Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangents (2014)

A noninvasive planar complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) for measuring the dielectric constants and loss tangents of material is presented in this letter. Measurements were developed to extract the complex permittivity of the material under test (MUT) using the equivalent RLC resonator circuit model. This technique enables a single-step measurement of the MUT without the need for machining or reshaping. The method requires calculating only two parameters, the resonant frequency (fr) and the magnitude (dB) response, thus achieving a substantial reduction in cost and computation time. A CSRR sensor operating in the 1.8 to 2.8 GHz band is fabricated and tested for verification. The measurement errors in the dielectric constant were less than 7.6%. An efficient technique of CSRR measuring complex permittivity is experimentally verified.
Electromagnetic launchers for use in aircraft launch at sea (1998)

CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) Thesis document
A UPFC-based voltage compensator with current and voltage balancing function (2005)

In this paper, a control strategy for a three-phase UPFC-based voltage compensator with the function of current and voltage balancing is proposed. Line voltage variations and line current and voltage unbalance are compensated simultaneously by the proposed compensator. A method for detection of negative-sequence components of three-phase line currents is shown which is needed in performing unbalance compensation. Simulation analysis is carried out to show the dynamic performance and effectiveness of the compensator. Experimental results are included to show the validity of simulation analysis
Paired leaky mode spatial light modulators with a 28° total deflection angle (2017)

In this Letter, we present a paired set of waveguide spatial light modulators (SLMs) capable of a maximum light deflection nearing 28° for red. This deflection, which is several times larger than the angular sweep of current, state-of-the-art modulators, is made possible by the unilateral, near-collinear waveguide nature of the leaky mode interaction. The ability to double angular output in this way, which is either not possible or not practical in other SLMs, is possible in leaky mode devices, thanks to the absence of zero-order light and the lack of high-order outputs. This combined structure has angular deflection high enough to enable color holographic video monitors that do not require angular magnification. Furthermore, the low cost and high angular deflection of these devices may make it possible to make large arrays for flat-screen video holography.
Crown Ether Functionalized Lipid Membranes:  Lead Ion Recognition and Molecular Reorganization (2002)

A fluorescent lipid bilayer, functionalized with 18-crown-6, was developed to examine the mechanism of chemical recognition-induced molecular reorganization events in a membrane system. The synthetic receptor-lipid, PS18C6, was prepared with the crown ether at the headgroup position and a pyrene fluorescent tag on the hydrophobic tail. When incorporated into bilayers of distearylphosphatidylcholine, the receptor-lipid aggregated into domains, evidenced by the relatively large pyrene excimer emission from the bilayer. Langmuir pressure−area (π−A) isotherm measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) further aided in characterizing the receptor aggregation at the macro- and nanoscale, respectively. The functionalized bilayer exhibited selective affinity for mercuric and lead ions in aqueous buffered solution (pH 7.4), with a fluorescence response that was linear over the concentration range 10-7 to 10-4 M metal ions. 1H NMR studies established that the binding stoichiometry of PS18C6 with lead was 1:1, with Ka = 105 M-1 in methanol. Recognition and binding of lead ions at the membrane surface resulted in a rapid and prominent reorganization of the receptor-lipids in the membrane that was measurable at both the macro- and nanoscales. Removal of the lead ions, through the addition of EDTA, resulted in recovery of the original fluorescence and the reaggregation of structures in the membrane.
Formation and Crystallization of Yeast RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes (1997)

Minimal templates were devised for the efficient generation of yeast RNA polymerase II transcription elongation complexes. A 33-base pair DNA with a 15-residue dC tail at one 3'-end supported the formation of a complex containing the polymerase paused at nucleotide 11 of the duplex region and an RNA of 14-16 residues. The same template could yield an arrested complex with the enzyme at nucleotide 13-15 and RNA of 15-17 residues. These complexes were stable for at least a week under various conditions and could be resolved by gel electrophoresis or purified by ion exchange chromatography. The purified paused complex formed crystals capable of x-ray diffraction to 3.5 A resolution. The complex remained active in the crystal and, in the presence of nucleoside triphosphates, could efficiently extend the transcript in situ.
Atrial Fibrillation: Rhythm Control or Rate Control — Which Strategy is Preferred? (2004)

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the US, and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on prevention and treatment — if they keep current with developments in drug therapy.