gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregate hierarchy in soils (1991)

An Alfisol, a Mollisol and an Oxisol were fractionated into different particle sizes after a range of disaggregating treatments from gentle to vigorous. The Alfisol and the Mollisol appeared to break down in steps; macroaggregates &gt;250 µm diameter breaking down to microaggregates 20-250 µm diameter before particles &lt;20 µm were released. Vigorous disruption led to particle size distributions similar to those obtained by classical methods used to determine particle size distributions. The Oxisol was stable to rapid wetting treatments but when aggregate disruption was initiated by vigorous treatments particles &lt;20 µm diameter were released and there was no evidence of aggregate hierarchy. Scanning electron microscopy of particles of different sizes showed distinctly single grain particles and aggregates. The microscopic studies indicated the potential role of roots and hyphae in the stabilization of larger aggregates, and for fragments of roots as nuclei for smaller aggregates. Plant debris was not visible in aggregates &lt;20 µm but clay microstructure was evident. It is suggested that aggregate hierarchy occurs in Alfisols and Mollisols because organic materials are the dominant stabilizing agents in larger aggregates but in the Oxisol oxides are dominant stabilizing agents and prevent the expression of aggregate hierarchy caused by organic materials.
Theranostic OCT microneedle for fast ultrahigh-resolution deep-brain imaging and efficient laser ablation in vivo (2020)

Current minimally invasive optical techniques for in vivo deep-brain imaging provide a limited resolution, field of view, and speed. These limitations prohibit direct assessment of detailed histomorphology of various deep-seated brain diseases at their native state and therefore hinder the potential clinical utilities of those techniques. Here, we report an ultracompact (580 μm in outer diameter) theranostic deep-brain microneedle combining 800-nm optical coherence tomography imaging with laser ablation. Its performance was demonstrated by in vivo ultrahigh-resolution (1.7 μm axial and 5.7 μm transverse), high-speed (20 frames per second) volumetric imaging of mouse brain microstructures and optical attenuation coefficients. Its translational potential was further demonstrated by in vivo cancer visualization (with an imaging depth of 1.23 mm) and efficient tissue ablation (with a 1448-nm continuous-wave laser at a 350-mW power) in a deep mouse brain (with an ablation depth of about 600 μm).
Formal semantics for time in databases (1983)

The concept of a historical database is introduced as a tool for modeling the dynamic nature of some part of the real world. Just as first-order logic has been shown to be a useful formalism for expressing and understanding the underlying semantics of the relational database model, intensional logic is presented as an analogous formalism for expressing and understanding the temporal semantics involved in a historical database. The various components of the relational model, as extended to include historical relations, are discussed in terms of the model theory for the logic IL s , a variation of the logic IL formulated by Richard Montague. The modal concepts of intensional and extensional data constraints and queries are introduced and contrasted. Finally, the potential application of these ideas to the problem of natural language database querying is discussed.
Fiber optic tunable probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (2008)

A novel miniaturized fiber optic tunable endoscopic probe based on a pneumatically actuated micro-lens is presented. The probe has a diameter of ∼4 mm and is integrated into a time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The integration of the tunable lens with the OCT system leads to a uniformly high lateral resolution and high contrast of the OCT images over the entire scan depth. In addition, the tunable probe can be considered as a platform for integrating multiple microsystems, including particularly scanning micro-mirrors, in a single high-performance endoscopic OCT system.
Biochemical and Kinetic Characterization of the RNA Helicase Activity of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A (1999)

Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A is the prototypic member of the DEAD box family of proteins and has been proposed to act as an RNA helicase to unwind secondary structure in the 5'-untranslated region of eukaryotic mRNAs. Previous studies have shown that the RNA helicase activity of eIF4A is dependent on the presence of a second initiation factor, eIF4B. In this report, eIF4A has been demonstrated to function independently of eIF4B as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase. The biochemical and kinetic properties of this activity were examined. By using a family of RNA duplexes with an unstructured single-stranded region followed by a duplex region of increasing length and stability, it was observed that the initial rate of duplex unwinding decreased with increasing stability of the duplex. Furthermore, the maximum amount of duplex unwound also decreased with increasing stability. Results suggest that eIF4A acts in a non-processive manner. eIF4B and eIF4H were shown to stimulate the helicase activity of eIF4A, allowing eIF4A to unwind longer, more stable duplexes with both an increase in initial rate and maximum amount of duplex unwound. A simple kinetic model is proposed to explain the mechanism by which eIF4A unwinds RNA duplex structures in an ATP-dependent manner.
La rectificación de curvas de ferrocarril como un problema de optimización estocástica (1976)

Using stochastic methods and as extension of a prior work over evolution in rail geometric form, the article purpose is to contribute to complete the theoretical planning of the curves rectification problem in a way that would allow to take account of all real circumstances with any degree of complexy, including measuring errors and the modifications of rail geometry, from data collection to the moment of doing its rectification so foregoing patterns are generalized being particular cases of the stochastic program that we are considering.
Dynamic pitch-up of a delta wing (1994)

The transient flowfield over a delta wing during pitch-up motions to very large angles of attack was investigated. Emphasis was directed at the growth and the eventual breakdown of the leading-edge vortices. Delta wing models were tested in a wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of order 10 5 . The flowfield along the trailing edge was mapped out via a seven-hole probe designed, constructed, and calibrated to general time-resolved information. Instantaneous surface pressure measurements were also obtained. Earlier qualitative evidence of hysteresis in the development of the flow was confirmed. Moreover, the present data indicate significant differences of vorticity content between the steady and the steady motions, for reduced frequencies as low as 0.01
Cross‐strand disulphides in cell entry proteins: poised to act (2003)

Cross-strand disulphides (CSDs) are unusual bonds that link adjacent strands in the same beta-sheet. Their peculiarity relates to the high potential energy stored in these bonds, both as torsional energy in the highly strained disulphide linkage and as deformation energy stored in the sheet itself. CSDs are relatively rare in protein structures but are conspicuous by their presence in proteins that are involved in cell entry. The finding that entry of botulinum neurotoxin and HIV into mammalian cells involves cleavage of CSDs suggests that the activity of other cell entry proteins may likewise involve cleavage of these bonds. We examine emerging evidence of the involvement of these unusual disulphides in cell entry events.
The Incidence of Ehrlichial and Rickettsial Infection in Patients with Unexplained Fever and Recent History of Tick Bite in Central North Carolina (1999)

We examined the clinical and laboratory findings of a consecutive series of patients from central North Carolina presenting with fever and a history of tick bite within the preceding 14 days. Evidence of a tick-transmitted pathogen was detected in 16 of 35 patients enrolled over a 2-year period. Nine patients were infected with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and 6 were infected with a spotted fever group rickettsia; 1 patient had evidence of coinfection with E. chaffeensis and a spotted fever group rickettsia. Four patients had detectable antibodies against the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent; however, only 2 had a 4-fold antibody titer rise without detectable antibodies against E. chaffeensis. The other 2 were thought to have cross-reacting antibodies to E. chaffeensis. We conclude that ehrlichial infections may be as common as spotted fever group rickettsial infections in febrile patients from central North Carolina with a recent history of tick bite.
Formation of stable long-pulse electron beams with the help of explosive emission cathodes (2005)

To obtain spatially and temporally stable electron beams with the help of explosive emission cathodes, the following measures are recommended: the cathode is made as a multi-point structure; the points are made from bunches of carbon fibres; a resistor of known value is inserted in the circuit of each point; all auxiliary cathode elements are maintained under the cathode plasma floating potential; the speed of voltage increase at the pulse front must be higher than 108V/s. On the base of this technology, cathodes of different geometry and size for the production of flat, cylindrical, tubular, radial and converging electron beams can be created. Such electron beams can be used to generate microwave and X-ray radiation and pumping gas lasers, to modify material properties, and so on. Some examples of the design of facilities and electron beam applications are presented in this paper.
Optimal partitioners and end-case placers for standard-cell layout (1999)

Article Optimal partitioners and end-case placers for standard-cell layout Share on Authors: A. E. Caldwell UCLA Computer Science Dept., Los Angeles, CA UCLA Computer Science Dept., Los Angeles, CAView Profile , A. B. Kahng UCLA Computer Science Dept., Los Angeles, CA UCLA Computer Science Dept., Los Angeles, CAView Profile , I. L. Markov UCLA Computer Science Dept., Los Angeles, CA UCLA Computer Science Dept., Los Angeles, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISPD '99: Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Physical designApril 1999 Pages 90–96https://doi.org/10.1145/299996.300032Published:12 April 1999 31citation350DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads350Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Desirable pharmacokinetic properties of<sup>13</sup>C-uracil as a breath test probe of gastric emptying in comparison with<sup>13</sup>C-acetate and<sup>13</sup>C-octanoate in rats (2009)

This study showed that (13)C-uracil has desirable pharmacokinetic properties as an in vivo probe of gastric emptying. It is thus suggested that the (13)C-uracil breath test may be useful for the measurement of gastric emptying in humans.
Comprehensive use of cardiac computed tomography to guide left ventricular lead placement in cardiac resynchronization therapy (2017)

Preprocedural CT-SQUEEZ-derived target selection may be a valuable tool to predict the optimal venous site for LV lead placement in patients undergoing CRT upgrade.
Purification and Characterization of a Bowman-Birk Type Proteinase Inhibitor from Faba Beans (<i>Vicia faba</i>L.) (1991)

Journal Article Purification and Characterization of a Bowman-Birk Type Proteinase Inhibitor from Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) Get access Toshio Asao, Toshio Asao Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Home Economics, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fumio Imai, Fumio Imai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isamu Tsuji, Isamu Tsuji Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Misao Tashiro, Misao Tashiro Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Living Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Iwami Kimikazu, Iwami Kimikazu Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fumio Ibuki Fumio Ibuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 3, 1 March 1991, Pages 707–713, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870641 Published: 01 March 1991 Article history Received: 31 August 1990 Published: 01 March 1991
The Genome Sequence of <i>Mycoplasma mycoides</i> subsp. <i>mycoides</i> SC Type Strain PG1<sup>T</sup>, the Causative Agent of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) (2004)

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoidesSC (MmymySC)is the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a highly contagious respiratory disease in cattle. The genome of Mmymy SC type strain PG1(T) has been sequenced to map all the genes and to facilitate further studies regarding the cell function of the organism and CBPP. The genome is characterized by a single circular chromosome of 1211703 bp with the lowest G+C content (24 mole%)and the highest density of insertion sequences (13% of the genome size)of all sequenced bacterial genomes. The genome contains 985 putative genes, of which 72 are part of insertion sequences and encode transposases. Anomalies in the GC-skew pattern and the presence of large repetitive sequences indicate a high genomic plasticity. A variety of potential virulence factors was identified, including genes encoding putative variable surface proteins and enzymes and transport proteins responsible for the production of hydrogen peroxide and the capsule, which is believed to have toxic effects on the animal.
Lymphatic Cannulation for Lymph Sampling and Molecular Delivery (2019)

Unlike the blood, the interstitial fluid and the deriving lymph are directly bathing the cellular layer of each organ. As such, composition analysis of the lymphatic fluid can provide more precise biochemical and cellular information on an organ's health and be a valuable resource for biomarker discovery. In this study, we describe a protocol for cannulation of mouse and rat lymphatic collectors that is suitable for the following: the "omic" sampling of pre- and postnodal lymph, collected from different anatomical districts; the phenotyping of immune cells circulating between parenchymal organs and draining lymph nodes; injection of known amounts of molecules for quantitative immunological studies of nodal trafficking and/or clearance; and monitoring an organ's biochemical omic changes in pathological conditions. Our data indicate that probing the lymphatic fluid can provide an accurate snapshot of an organ's physiology/pathology, making it an ideal target for liquid biopsy.
Orexin receptors couple to Ca2+ channels different from store-operated Ca2+ channels (2001)

We have investigated Ca2+ release and receptor- and store-operated Ca2+ influxes in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells expressing human OX1 orexin receptor. Receptor-operated Ca2+ influx-response to 3 nM orexin-A was not affected by Gd3+ or 2-APB (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate), but was inhibited by Ni2+. Store-operated Ca2+ influx was blocked by Ni2+, Gd3+ and 2-APB, whereas the thapsigargin-induced release was unaffected. 2-APB did not block inositol-1,4,5- trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ release in these cells. Thus, low concentrations of orexin-A cause activation of two Ca2+ influxes in the cells: primarily, a receptor-operated Ca2+ influx, and secondarily, a store-depletion activated Ca2+ influx, which is subsequent to receptor-activated Ca2+ influx and the therewith-caused IP3 production. The results show that these two rely on different molecular entities.
CCXXXV.—The mechanism of thermal decomposition of the normal olefins (1930)

R. V. Wheeler and W. L. Wood, J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 1819 DOI: 10.1039/JR9300001819
Transsynaptic inhibition of spinal transmission by A2 botulinum toxin (2012)

Type A botulinum toxin blocks not only ACh release from motor nerve terminals but also central synaptic transmission, including glutamate, noradrenaline, dopamine, ATP, GABA and glycine. Neurotoxins (NTXs) are transported by both antero- and retrogradely along either motor or sensory axons for bidirectional delivery between peripheral tissues or the CNS. A newly developed type A2 NTX (A2NTX) injected into one rat foreleg muscle was transported to the contralateral muscle. This finding was consistent with the NTX traveling retrogradely via spinal neurons and then transsynaptically through motor neurons to the contralateral motor neurons within the spinal cord and on to the soleus muscle. In the present study we found that toxin injection into the rat left soleus muscle clearly induced bilateral muscle relaxation in a dose-dependent fashion, although the contralateral muscle relaxation followed the complete inhibition of toxin-injected ipsilateral muscles. The toxin-injected ipsilateral muscle relaxation was faster and stronger in A2NTX-treated rats than A1LL (BOTOX). A1LL was transported almost equally to the contralateral muscle via neural pathways and the bloodstream. In contrast, A2NTX was mainly transported to contralateral muscles via the blood. A1LL was more successfully transported to contralateral spinal neurons than A2NTX. We also demonstrated that A1LL and A2NTX were carried from peripheral to CNS and vice versa by dual antero- and retrograde axonal transport through either motor or sensory neurons.
Fault Tree Analysis: 1020 Prime Implicants and Beyond (1993)

This paper presents a new analysis method of coherent as well as noncoherent fault trees that overcomes this limitation because its computational cost is not related to either the number of variables or the number of gates or the number of prime implicants of these trees. The interactive fault tree analyser METAPRIME that is based on this new method has been shown by experience to be able to perform in seconds the complete analysis of noncoherent fault trees with more than 10
Role of apoA-II in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: advances in the study of an enigmatic protein (2001)

Our understanding of apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) physiology is much more limited than that of apoA-I. However, important and rather surprising advances have been produced, mainly through analysis of genetically modified mice. These results reveal a positive association of apoA-II with FFA and VLDL triglyceride plasma concentrations; however, whether this is due to increased VLDL synthesis or to decreased VLDL catabolism remains a matter of controversy. As apoA-II-deficient mice present a phenotype of insulin hypersensitivity, a function of apoA-II in regulating FFA metabolism seems likely. Studies of human beings have shown the apoA-II locus to be a determinant of FFA plasma levels, and several genome-wide searches of different populations with type 2 diabetes have found linkage to an apoA-II intragenic marker, making apoA-II an attractive candidate gene for this disease. The increased concentration of apoB-containing lipoproteins present in apoA-II transgenic mice explains, in part, why these animals present increased atherosclerosis susceptibility. In addition, apoA-II transgenic mice also present impairment of two major HDL antiatherogenic functions: reverse cholesterol transport and protection of LDL oxidative modification. The apoA-II locus has also been suggested as an important genetic determinant of HDL cholesterol concentration, even though there is a major species-specific difference between the effects of mouse and human apoA-II. As antagonizing apoA-I antiatherogenic actions can hardly be considered the apoA-II function in HDL, this remains a topic for future investigations. We suggest that the existence of apoA-II or apoA-I in HDL could be an important signal for specific interaction with HDL receptors such as cubilin or heat shock protein 60.
Microporous Dermal-Like Electrospun Scaffolds Promote Accelerated Skin Regeneration (2014)

The goal of this study was to synthesize skin substitutes that blend native extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules with synthetic polymers which have favorable mechanical properties. To this end, scaffolds were electrospun from collagen I (col) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL), and then pores were introduced mechanically to promote fibroblast infiltration, and subsequent filling of the pores with ECM. A 70:30 col/PCL ratio was determined to provide optimal support for dermal fibroblast growth, and a pore diameter, 160 μm, was identified that enabled fibroblasts to infiltrate and fill pores with native matrix molecules, including fibronectin and collagen I. Mechanical testing of 70:30 col/PCL scaffolds with 160 μm pores revealed a tensile strength of 1.4 MPa, and the scaffolds also exhibited a low rate of contraction (<19%). Upon implantation, scaffolds should support epidermal regeneration; we, therefore, evaluated keratinocyte growth on fibroblast-embedded scaffolds with matrix-filled pores. Keratinocytes formed a stratified layer on the surface of fibroblast-remodeled scaffolds, and staining for cytokeratin 10 revealed terminally differentiated keratinocytes at the apical surface. When implanted, 70:30 col/PCL scaffolds degraded within 3-4 weeks, an optimal time frame for degradation in vivo. Finally, 70:30 col/PCL scaffolds with or without 160 μm pores were implanted into full-thickness critical-sized skin defects. Relative to nonporous scaffolds or sham wounds, scaffolds with 160 μm pores induced accelerated wound closure, and stimulated regeneration of healthy dermal tissue, evidenced by a more normal-appearing matrix architecture, blood vessel in-growth, and hair follicle development. Collectively, these results suggest that microporous electrospun scaffolds are effective substrates for skin regeneration.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (2017)

Abstract Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, is a broad category of biologically and clinically heterogeneous diseases that cannot be further classified into any other of the existing entities defined by the World Health Organization classification. Anthracycline-containing regimens, namely cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), nowadays represent the standard first-line treatment; for patients who achieve a satisfactory response, a consolidation by means of autologous stem cell transplantation may offer a greater chance of long-term survival. Several patients, however, display treatment refractoriness or relapse soon after obtaining a response, and just a few of them are suitable transplant candidates. This is why several new agents, with innovative mechanisms of action, have been investigated in this context: pralatrexate, romidepsin, belinostat, and brentuximab vedotin have been approved for relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas based on their activity, although they do not significantly affect survival rates. The incorporation of such new drugs within a CHOP backbone is under investigation to enhance response rates, allow a higher proportion of patients to be transplanted in remission, and prolong survival.