gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE STUDY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN‐CONTAINING CELLS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (1980)

Autopsy material from the brains and spinal cords of twenty-three patients with multiple sclerosis was examined with immunoperoxidase (PAP) method to compare the distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells in demyelinated plaques and normally myelinated tissue. Ig-containing cells were much more numerous within plaques than outside them and were more common in recent than in old plaques. Most of the heavy chain present was IgG with small amounts also of IgA. More cells were demonstrated to contain light chains than heavy chains. It is suggested on the basis of the pattern of distribution of Ig-containing cells that a stimulus to B-cell proliferation and maturation resides within plaques.
Interaction of vesicular stomatitis virus with lipid vesicles: depletion of cholesterol and effect on virion membrane fluidity and infectivity (1978)

Interaction with excess unilamellar phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles resulted in depletion of as much as 90% of the cholesterol from the membrane of intact vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus. The cholesterol depletion was not significantly influenced by the proteolytic removal of virion glycoprotein spikes, but it was temperature dependent. Cholesterol depletion caused substantial reduction in anisotropy of the VS virion membrane as measured by fluorescence depolarization of the lipophilic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene; residual adsorbed vesicles represent a significant factor in this apparent increase in virion membrane fluidity. Interaction with PC vesicles resulted in a substantial loss of VS viral infectivity as measured by plating efficiency on L-cell monolayers. Reduction in infectivity appeared to be related to temperature-dependent depletion of virion cholesterol by PC vesicles. Interaction of VS virions with cholesterol-containing PC vesicles resulted in significantly less decline in infectivity, but attempts to restore cholesterol and infectivity to depleted VS virions were unsuccessful. Depletion of virion cholesterol apparently results through collision with PC vesicles rather than movement of cholesterol monomers or micelles through the aqueous phase, because PC vesicle-virion interaction in the presence of cholesterol oxidase did not result in substantial oxidation of translocated cholesterol.
Elevated plasma glucose 2 h postchallenge predicts defects in beta-cell function (1996)

Studies were performed in subjects with no known family history of diabetes, normoglycemic subjects who have first-degree relatives with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and subjects with nondiagnostic oral glucose tolerance tests (NDX) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin sensitivity index (SI) was similar in all four groups. However, a number of defects in insulin secretion were seen in the NDX and IGT groups, including reduced first-phase insulin secretory responses in intravenous glucose in relation to the degree of insulin resistance, and reduced normalized spectral power of insulin secretion during oscillatory glucose infusion. The latter finding demonstrates a decreased ability of the beta-cell to detect and respond to the successive increases and decreases in glucose and therefore to be entrained by the exogenous glucose infusion. The ability of a low-dose glucose infusion to prime the insulin secretory response to a subsequent glucose stimulus was normal in subjects with IGT but reduced or absent in subjects with overt NIDDM. These studies demonstrate that a number of alterations in beta-cell function are detectable in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of subjects with NIDDM with mild elevations in the 2-h postchallenge glucose level, and these abnormalities antedate the onset of overt hyperglycemia and clinical diabetes.
Electron beam lithography (1982)

Electron beam lithography has become the principal production method for fabricating integrated circuit masks and reticles for 1–1 projection printing and for direct step‐on‐wafer exposure. This has been the result of improved quality, lower cost, and high speed in writing patterns that are doubling in complexity every year. Direct writing of devices has generally been limited to customizing single levels on gate arrays at relatively large dimensions or fabricating small devices such as microwave transistors for high operating speed. The transition from optical techniques to x‐ray or direct electron beam writing for the bulk of integrated circuit production will depend upon the quality, speed, and cost of the various sytems. The limitations on the performance of the various single spot, shaped beam, and multiple beam systems in meeting these requirements will be considered.
Activation of precursors for matrix metalloproteinases 1 (interstitial collagenase) and 3 (stromelysin) by rat mast-cell proteinases I and II (1995)

Histological studies have previously demonstrated an association between mast-cell activation/degranulation and areas of connective-tissue lysis in vivo; in addition, mast-cell extracts have been shown to activate latent forms of collagenase and stromelysin. In the present study we have examined the potential roles of rat mast-cell proteinase (RMCP) I and RMCP II as activators of the precursors of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-3 (stromelysin 1). Both RMCPs I and II activated proMMP-3 by converting the 57 kDa precursor into a 45 kDa polypeptide. The N-terminal amino acid of 45 kDa MMP-3 activated by RMCP II was identified as Phe83. By contrast, only RMCP II activated the 52 kDa proMMP-1 by converting it into a 41 kDa protein and generating the new N-termini, namely Gln80 and Val82. The collagenolytic activity which resulted from this cleavage was only 35% of the full activity, but this could not be augmented by subsequent treatment with MMP-3, the latter being a crucial enzyme for the generation of the fully active MMP-1 with Phe81 at the N-terminus, in conjunction with other serine proteinases. Thus RMCP II activates proMMP-1 via a mechanism different from that reported for the stepwise processing by combinations of other trypsin-like enzymes and MMP-3. ProMMP-2 (pro-gelatinase A) was not activated by either RMCP I or RMCP II, despite processing to smaller products.
Record low surface recombination velocities on 1 Ω cm <i>p</i>-silicon using remote plasma silicon nitride passivation (1996)

Outstanding surface passivation of low-resistivity single-crystalline p-silicon is reported using silicon nitride fabricated at low temperature (375 °C) in a remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The effective surface recombination velocity Seff is determined as a function of the bulk injection level from light-biased photoconductance decay measurements. On polished as well as chemically textured silicon wafers we find that our remote plasma silicon nitride provides better surface passivation than the best high-temperature thermal oxides ever reported. For polished 1.5 and 0.7 Ω cm p-silicon wafers, record low Seff values of 4 and 20 cm/s, respectively, are presented.
Evidence that exogenous and endogenous fractalkine can induce spinal nociceptive facilitation in rats (2004)

Recent evidence suggests that spinal cord glia can contribute to enhanced nociceptive responses. However, the signals that cause glial activation are unknown. Fractalkine (CX3C ligand-1; CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine expressed on the extracellular surface of spinal neurons and spinal sensory afferents. In the dorsal spinal cord, fractalkine receptors are primarily expressed by microglia. As fractalkine can be released from neurons upon strong activation, it has previously been suggested to be a neuron-to-glial signal that induces glial activation. The present series of experiments provide an initial investigation of the spinal pain modulatory effects of fractalkine. Intrathecal fractalkine produced dose-dependent mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, a single injection of fractalkine receptor antagonist (neutralizing antibody against rat CX3C receptor-1; CX3CR1) delayed the development of mechanical allodynia and/or thermal hyperalgesia in two neuropathic pain models: chronic constriction injury (CCI) and sciatic inflammatory neuropathy. Intriguingly, anti-CX3CR1 reduced nociceptive responses when administered 5-7 days after CCI, suggesting that prolonged release of fractalkine may contribute to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. Taken together, these initial investigations of spinal fractalkine effects suggest that exogenous and endogenous fractalkine are involved in spinal sensitization, including that induced by peripheral neuropathy.
Volume G: Definition and exchange of crystallographic data (2005)

The list of the maximal subgroups of the space groups in Volume A is incomplete. Volume A1 Its Part 1 deals with group-theoretical aspects of space groups, groupsubgroup relations and the underlying mathematical background. Part 2 contains complete listings of all maximal subgroups for each space group, including their general positions or their generators, their conjugacy relations and transformations to conventional settings. Part 3 lists the relations between the Wyckoff positions for every maximal subgroup of every space group, including the cell transformations and coordinate transformations. In both parts the infinitely many isomorphic subgroups have been included in a parametrized form.
Supporting Queries and Analyses of Large-Scale Social Media Data with Customizable and Scalable Indexing Techniques over NoSQL Databases (2014)

Social media data analysis demonstrates two special characteristics in Big Data processing. First, most analyses focus on data subsets related to specific social events or activities instead of the whole dataset. Second, analysis workflows consist of multiple stages, and algorithms applied in each stage may use different computation and communication patterns depending on processing frameworks. This paper presents our efforts in supporting the data storage and processing requirements for such characteristics. To achieve efficient queries about target data subsets, we propose a general customizable and scalable indexing framework that can be built over distributed NoSQL databases. This framework allows users to define suitable customized index structures for their query patterns against social media data, and supports scalable indexing of both historical and streaming data. We implement this framework on HBase, and name it IndexedHBase. Starting from IndexedHBase, we build a distributed analysis stack based on YARN to support analysis algorithms using different processing frameworks, such as Hadoop MapReduce, Harp, and Giraph. This analysis stack is used to host the Truthy social media data observatory, and we have applied the customized index structures in supporting both query evaluation and sophisticated analysis algorithms. Performance tests show that our solutions outperform implementations using both direct raw data scans and current indexing mechanisms in existing NoSQL databases.
El modelo de voluntariado para el forum (2004)

Amifostine is a compound that has been developed as a radio- and chemoprotectant. It is a prodrug, giving rise to the active thiol, WR-1065. Amifostine has been demonstrated to reduce the toxicity of ionising radiation, alkylating agents and platinum compounds. Preclinical studies have shown that amifostine can reduce the myelosuppression of carboplatin in a murine model tumour system without reducing the efficacy of therapy. In fact, in this model system, the antitumour effects of carboplatin against the OVCAR-3 cell line were actually greater with than without amifostine. Based on these preclinical studies, clinical trials of the combination of carboplatin and amifostine have been undertaken. A phase I trial of carboplatin and amifostine in pretreated patients demonstrated that two doses of amifostine 740 mg/m2/dose may be safely administered with carboplatin. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carboplatin that could be administered with amifostine was 500 mg/m2, suggesting the hypothesis that amifostine increases the MTD of carboplatin from 400 to 500 mg/m2. To test this hypothesis, a randomised trial of carboplatin 500 mg/m2 versus carboplatin 500 mg/m2 plus two doses of amifostine 910 mg/m2/dose has been performed. Analysis of this trial is not complete, but initial results suggest a reduction of first-cycle thrombocytopenia, from a median platelet nadir value of 85 x 10(9) cells/l for carboplatin alone to 144 x 10(9) cells/l for the combination of carboplatin plus amifostine. Similarly, the median first-cycle granulocyte nadir was 1.6 x 10(9) cells/l without amifostine but 2.4 x 10(9) cells/l with the cytoprotectant. Neither of these first-cycle differences was statistically significant, but these effects are being maintained with repeated dosing, so that an increase in delivered cumulative carboplatin dose seems possible with the use of amifostine. These promising data indicate that continued studies of amifostine with carboplatin are justified and that the effects of amifostine on the thrombocytopenia produced by carboplatin-containing combination chemotherapy regimens should be investigated.
Federated Learning over Wireless Networks: Optimization Model Design and Analysis (2019)

There is an increasing interest in a new machine learning technique called Federated Learning, in which the model training is distributed over mobile user equipments (UEs), and each UE contributes to the learning model by independently computing the gradient based on its local training data. Federated Learning has several benefits of data privacy and potentially a large amount of UE participants with modern powerful processors and low-delay mobile-edge networks. While most of the existing work focused on designing learning algorithms with provable convergence time, other issues such as uncertainty of wireless channels and UEs with heterogeneous power constraints and local data size, are under-explored. These issues especially affect to various trade-offs: (i) between computation and communication latencies determined by learning accuracy level, and thus (ii) between the Federated Learning time and UE energy consumption. We fill this gap by formulating a Federated Learning over wireless network as an optimization problem FEDL that captures both trade-offs. Even though FEDL is non-convex, we exploit the problem structure to decompose and transform it to three convex sub-problems. We also obtain the globally optimal solution by charactering the closed-form solutions to all sub-problems, which give qualitative insights to problem design via the obtained optimal FEDL learning time, accuracy level, and UE energy cost. Our theoretical analysis is also illustrated by extensive numerical results.
Polyvalyl-proteins<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyvalyl-proteins1A. Stracher and R. R. BeckerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 6, 1432–1435Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01515a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01515a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein and peptide identification: the rôle of mass spectrometry in proteomics (2003)

Proteomics encompasses several disciplines in the quest to unravel the science of life. Mass spectrometry plays a key rôle in proteomics-associated analyses and this review describes that function in terms of the instrumentation used, the results generated, data interpretation and the advances in analytical techniques being made to deal with the production of highly specific, high throughput data. The review has 151 references.
Analytical characterization of grating-tuned external-cavity semiconductor lasers (1997)

Applying the ray-trace method to an external-cavity semiconductor laser (ECLD), an analytical expression for the output spectrum from the end facet has been derived. As a result, we deduced explicit analytical expressions for the nominal threshold carrier density and required length of the extended cavity when the ECLD is tuned to oscillate at grating-selected wavelengths. Combining the spectral pattern with the carrier rate equation, a self-consistent solution to the carrier density deficit has been obtained and used to predict the tunable output power of the ECLD without resorting to a photon rate equation.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the .gamma. chain of human fibrinogen (1985)

A human genomic DNA library was screened for the gene coding for the gamma chain of fibrinogen by using a human cDNA for the gamma chain as a hybridization probe. The gene was identified in three overlapping recombinant lambda bacteriophage, and its sequence, including the immediate 5' and 3' flanking regions, was determined. The DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of 10 exons coding for 411 amino acids present in the mature protein and a signal sequence of 26 amino acids. Two 30 base pair (bp) direct repeats of 93% identity were found 468 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site. The DNA sequence of the gene for the gamma chain of human fibrinogen showed considerable sequence homology with a partial sequence reported for the gene for the gamma chain of rat fibrinogen.
Task offloading decision in fog computing system (2017)

Fog computing is an emerging paradigm of cloud computing which to meet the growing computation demand of mobile application. It can help mobile devices to overcome resource constraints by offloading the computationally intensive tasks to cloud servers. The challenge of the cloud is to minimize the time of data transfer and task execution to the user, whose location changes owing to mobility, and the energy consumption for the mobile device. To provide satisfactory computation performance is particularly challenging in the fog computing environment. In this paper, we propose a novel fog computing model and offloading policy which can effectively bring the fog computing power closer to the mobile user. The fog computing model consist of remote cloud nodes and local cloud nodes, which is attached to wireless access infrastructure. And we give task offloading policy taking into account executi+on, energy consumption and other expenses. We finally evaluate the performance of our method through experimental simulations. The experimental results show that this method has a significant effect on reducing the execution time of tasks and energy consumption of mobile devices.
Application of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery pulse sequence in children with tuberous sclerosis (1999)

To evaluate the application of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) pulse sequence to increase the sensitivity of detecting tubers in tuberous sclerosis patients compared with fast spin-echo T2-weighted (FSET2W) image, we obtained 12 magnetic resonance (MR) images in 10 patients (mean age = 57.7 months old). Among the 12 examinations, 114 cortical and 128 subcortical tubers were revealed on the FLAIR images, whereas 54 and 72 tubers were found respectively on the FSET2W images. This may be due to the FLAIR pulse sequences remarkably attenuated CSF signals in comparison with the FSET2W images. However, FSET2W image delineated more subependymal nodules than FLAIR imaging did. Gd-DTPA enhanced T1 W image is the most suitable pulse sequence to detect giant cell astrocytoma near the foramen of Monro. The results in cases of infants and little children were similar.
A phase-I clinical study of low-dose oral interferon-alpha. (1993)

Twenty-five patients with systemic malignancies or cutaneous disorders were treated with low dosages (1-16 IU/kg/day) of oral interferon-alpha in a phase-I study. There were no grade-3 or -4 toxicities. No patients achieved a partial or complete response. One patient with renal cell carcinoma had prolonged disease stabilization lasting for 22 months. No significant changes in lymphocyte subsets including T4/T8 ratio, or serum immunoglobulins were observed. Subjective improvement in general well-being was reported by three patients. Low dosages of interferon-alpha administered orally do not appear to have any significant immunomodulatory or antitumor activity.
Automated diagnosis and prevention of unsafe dynamic software component loadings (2013)

For an improved system modularity and flexibility through code reuse, efficient memory usage, and. reduced disk space dynamic loading of software components is widely used mechanism in operating system. However, Programming mistakes may create malicious components being loaded with regular dynamic loadings. In particular, dynamic loadings can be made as malicious components by placing an arbitrary file with the same or specified name in target components. Although this issue has not been considered serious because such vulnerabilities are dangerous than virus and exploiting it requires access to local file system. This kind of malicious will act as original dynamic loadings with the same name and makes remote exploitation realistic. To avoid remote attacks and intruders In this paper we present the automated technique to detect unsafe dynamic component loadings and malicious. By applying dynamic binary instrumentation to collect runtime information on component loading, and analyze the collected information to detect vulnerable component loadings can prevent unsafe dynamic components.
Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits HBV DNA synthesis in a viral replication - inducible cell line (2011)

In HepG2.117 cells, EGCG inhibits HBV replication by impairing HBV replicative intermediates of DNA synthesis and such inhibition results in reduced production of HBV covalently closed circular DNA.
Personalized Query Expansion Based on an Expert System for Mobile Search (2012)

Compared with the traditional PC-based web search, the mobile search needs more personalization. An approach to personalized query expansion based on an expert system for mobile search is proposed. Our main work concentrates on the algorithms of query expansion. First, environmental information obtained by a mobile device and query terms submitted by a user are formatted into the specific format. Then these treated elements are sent to an expert system to match with the rules. Finally, according to the matched rules, the additional keywords are appended to the query terms so as to catch on the user's search intention. Experimental results shown that the approach we proposed can significantly improve user's experience and has much better performance in precision than that of the existing public search engines.