gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorghum stay-green QTL individually reduce post-flowering drought-induced leaf senescence (2006)

Sorghum is an important source of food, feed, and biofuel, especially in the semi-arid tropics because this cereal is well adapted to harsh, drought-prone environments. Post-flowering drought adaptation in sorghum is associated with the stay-green phenotype. Alleles that contribute to this complex trait have been mapped to four major QTL, Stg1-Stg4, using a population derived from BTx642 and RTx7000. Near-isogenic RTx7000 lines containing BTx642 DNA spanning one or more of the four stay-green QTL were constructed. The size and location of BTx642 DNA regions in each RTx7000 NIL were analysed using 62 DNA markers spanning the four stay-green QTL. RTx7000 NILs were identified that contained BTx642 DNA completely or partially spanning Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, or Stg4. NILs were also identified that contained sub-portions of each QTL and various combinations of the four major stay-green QTL. Physiological analysis of four RTx7000 NILs containing only Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, or Stg4 showed that BTx642 alleles in each of these loci could contribute to the stay-green phenotype. RTx7000 NILs containing BTx642 DNA corresponding to Stg2 retained more green leaf area at maturity under terminal drought conditions than RTx7000 or the other RTx7000 NILs. Under post-anthesis water deficit, a trend for delayed onset of leaf senescence compared with RTx7000 was also exhibited by the Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4 NILs, while significantly lower rates of leaf senescence in relation to RTx7000 were displayed by all of the Stg NILs to varying degrees, but particularly by the Stg2 NIL. Greener leaves at anthesis relative to RTx7000, indicated by higher SPAD values, were exhibited by the Stg1 and Stg4 NILs. The RTx7000 NILs created in this study provide the starting point for in-depth analysis of stay-green physiology, interaction among stay-green QTL and map-based cloning of the genes that underlie this trait.
Oligomerization of the ABL Tyrosine Kinase by the Ets Protein TEL in Human Leukemia (1996)

TEL is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors which are frequently rearranged in human leukemia. The mechanism of TEL-mediated transformation, however, is unknown. We report the cloning and characterization of a chromosomal translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia which fuses TEL to the ABL tyrosine kinase. The TEL-ABL fusion confers growth factor-independent growth to the marine hematopoietic cell line Ba/F3 and transforms Rat-1 fibroblasts and primary murine bone marrow cells. TEL-ABL is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated and localizes to the cytoskeleton. A TEL-ABL mutant containing an ABL kinase-inactivating mutation is not constitutively phosphorylated and is nontransforming but retains cytoskeletal localization. However, constitutive phosphorylation, cytoskeletal localization, and transformation are all dependent upon a highly conserved region of TEL termed the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain. TEL-ABL formed HLH-dependent homo-oligomers in vitro, a process critical for tyrosine kinase activation. These experiments suggest that oligomerization of TEL-ABL mediated by the TEL HLH domain is required for tyrosine kinase activation, cytoskeletal localization, and transformation. These data also suggest that oligomerization of Ets proteins through the highly conserved HLH domain may represent a previously unrecognized phenomenon.
Anti-integrin monoclonal antibody CNTO 95 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Selective targeting of up-regulated integrins on tumor cells is a novel antiangiogenesis strategy for treating solid tumors. CNTO 95 is a fully human anti-alpha(v) integrin monoclonal antibody and has shown antitumor activity when used as a single agent in preclinical studies. We previously showed that radiation combined with an integrin alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist cRGD peptide increased the therapeutic efficacy of radiation in preclinical tumor models. We hypothesized that the combination of radiation and CNTO 95 would synergistically enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy. The in vitro studies showed that CNTO 95 radiosensitized and induced apoptosis in M21 cells in vitronectin-coated dishes. In mice bearing established human cancer xenograft tumors, CNTO 95 alone had only a moderate effect on tumor growth. The combined therapy of CNTO 95 and fractionated radiation significantly inhibited tumor growth and produced the longer tumor growth delay time in multiple tumor models. Maintenance dosing of CNTO 95 following irradiation contributed to efficacy and was important for continued inhibition of tumor regrowth. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the combined use of CNTO 95 and radiation reduced the alpha(v) integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression and the microvessel density and increased apoptosis in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. CNTO 95 alone and in combination with radiation did not produce any obvious signs of systemic toxicity. These results show that CNTO 95 can potentiate the efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy in a variety of human cancer xenograft tumor types in nude mice. These findings are very promising and may have high translational relevance for the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
Separation of Bromine Isotopes by Centrifugation (1939)

Consideration is given to the high centrifugal field gradients produced by a Beams-type ultracentrifuge as a means of obtaining partial separation of relatively heavy isotopes. Approximate theory is presented for a mixture of two isotopes subjected to "evaporative centrifugation." The theory is capable of predicting the change in abundance ratio for a given set of conditions. To test the feasibility of the method bromine isotopes in the form of ethyl bromide were centrifuged, the result tested spectroscopically. ${\mathrm{Br}}^{79}$ was enriched 11 percent relative to ${\mathrm{Br}}^{81}$. The agreement with the predicted enrichment was reasonably good.
Finding the <i>k</i> shortest simple paths (2007)

We describe a new algorithm to enumerate the k shortest simple (loopless) paths in a directed graph and report on its implementation. Our algorithm is based on a replacement paths algorithm proposed by Hershberger and Suri [2001], and can yield a factor Θ( n ) improvement for this problem. But there is a caveat: The fast replacement paths subroutine is known to fail for some directed graphs. However, the failure is easily detected, and so our k shortest paths algorithm optimistically uses the fast subroutine, then switches to a slower but correct algorithm if a failure is detected. Thus, the algorithm achieves its Θ( n ) speed advantage only when the optimism is justified. Our empirical results show that the replacement paths failure is a rare phenomenon, and the new algorithm outperforms the current best algorithms; the improvement can be substantial in large graphs. For instance, on GIS map data with about 5,000 nodes and 12,000 edges, our algorithm is 4--8 times faster. In synthetic graphs modeling wireless ad hoc networks, our algorithm is about 20 times faster.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Acyclic Aromatic <i>N</i>-Aryl Imines Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex of (<i>S,S</i>)-1,2-Bis(<i>tert</i>-butylmethylphosphino)ethane (2006)

[reaction: see text] An iridium(I) complex of (S,S)-1,2-bis(tert-butylmethylphosphino)ethane with tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate as the counterion catalyzes the hydrogenation of acyclic aromatic N-aryl imines under 1 atm of hydrogen pressure at room temperature to give the corresponding optically active secondary amines with up to 99% ee.
An effective nonreciprocal circuit for semiconductor laser-to-optical-fiber coupling using a YIG sphere (1983)

A practical nonreciprocal optical circuit for laser-diode (LD)-to-optical-fiber coupling in the 1.3-μm wavelength region is described. It consists of a yttrium iron garnet- (YIG) sphere graded-index (GRIN) rod lens and a polarizer. The YIG sphere can function not only as a Faraday rotator but also as an effective coupling lens. High coupling efficiency of more than -5 dB for a single-mode fiber, and more than -2 dB for a multimode fiber, is easily achievable. Alignment sensitivities and coupling characteristics of the proposed circuit are also discussed theoretically and experimentally. The increase in LD relative intensity noise (RIN), caused by light injected into the LD, is estimated using the reciprocal characteristics of LD-to-single-mode-fiber coupling. By comparing the LD-RIN increase in the proposed non-reciprocal circuit with that of the reciprocal, high isolation of about 32 dB is confirmed. The fact that reflected light from the proposed circuit has little influence on LD characteristics is also clarified.
Preparation and characterization of Li-doped ZnO films (1991)

ZnO:Li films have been prepared by radio frequency (rf) diode sputtering using a Li-doped ZnO target. The film depositions were performed in pure Ar or in 28% O2/Ar sputtering gas. For comparison undoped ZnO films were also prepared. Structural, electrical, and optical measurements have been performed on films prepared under different deposition conditions and the results related with Li content and O/Zn ratio obtained by nuclear reaction and Rutherford backscattering measurements, respectively. The Li doping has not changed the films c-axis preferential orientation typical of the undoped films, but it introduces a crystallite order change. As is expected by deposition of doped oxides the sputtering gas mixture is the main parameter controlling the dopant concentration. Moreover, the oxygen presence in gas mixture has also been found to play an important role in controlling the optical properties of the film. The change in lithium concentration does not affect the electrical resistivity if the deposition parameter values have been selected in order to produce undoped zinc oxide films with a high electrical resistivity.
Silicon/Carbon Composites as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2004)

A silicon/carbon composite has been synthesized by two poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pyrolysis reactions, combined with an intervening high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) step. As lithium storage host, the composite demonstrates high initial coulombic efficiency of 82% and a large capacity at ca. 900 mAh g−1 over 40 cycles. Controlling Li-insertion level at 600 mAh g−1 can greatly extend the cycles to over 100. Another composite prepared by ballmilling a mixture of graphite and silicon and followed by a PVC pyrolysis process also shows both good capacity and capacity retention. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Unimolecular Electrical Rectification in Hexadecylquinolinium Tricyanoquinodimethanide (1997)

Macroscopic and nanoscopic current−voltage measurements reveal asymmetries in the DC electrical conductivity through Langmuir−Blodgett multilayers and even monolayers of γ-(n-hexadecyl)quinolinum tricyanoquinodimethanide, C16H33Q-3CNQ (5). These asymmetries are due to a transition of the ground-state zwitterion to an excited-state conformer which is probably neutral. Unimolecular electrical rectification by monolayers of 5 is unequivocally confirmed.
Real-Time Walsh-Hadamard Transformation (1972)

A technique for obtaining the digital Walsh-Hadamard transform of two-dimensional discrete pictures in real time is presented. A considerable reduction in total time for the transformation of a picture results since the process of scanning and digitizing one picture line overlaps with computations on the previous line. This is accomplished by operating on each picture line as it is generated from the scanner, instead of starting the transformation operation after the entire picture has been scanned. Two theorems are presented which decompose a picture by row or by column to facilitate real-time transformation. Based on these theorems, a hardware machine for real-time parallel Walsh-Hadamard transformation is introduced.
First steps towards a roboticized visual inspection system for vessels (2010)

Vessel maintenance entails periodic visual inspections of internal and external parts of the vessel hull in order to detect the typical defective situations affecting metallic structures, such as cracks, corrosion, etc. This paper presents the first steps towards a roboticized visual inspection system aiming at automating as much as possible the whole inspection process currently undertaken by human surveyors. Occurrence of defects are first outlined, followed by a brief description of the whole system. Next, details for one of the robotic platforms to be used are given, as well as for the image processing algorithms dealing with the visual detection of defects.
Interaction of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Agonists and Antagonists with Adenosine Receptors (1987)

We have confirmed our previous (Fredholm et al. 1986a) finding that the dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 can displace [3H]-R-PIA from its binding site, the adenosine A1-receptor. Bay K 8644 had an apparent Ki of 5.2 X 10(-6) M. The effect was shared by the two dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists nifedipine and felodipine (Ki 4.2 and 8.7 X 10(-6) M, respectively). By contrast, two non-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem, did not affect binding. Bay K 8644 displaced [3H]-R-PIA from its binding sites in a solubilized preparation. [3H]-XAC, a novel, potent A1-receptor antagonist ligand, was also displaced by the dihydropyridine compounds with a similar or slightly higher potency as the displacement of R-PIA. This suggests a direct interaction with the adenosine receptor rather than an effect on regulatory GTP-binding proteins. However, at 1 mumol/l neither Bay K 8644 nor nifedipine significantly attenuated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat hippocampi or the R-PIA-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition. The results show that dihydropyridine compounds that act as agonists or antagonists on L-type calcium channels can also affect adenosine receptors. The potency of the compounds for this effect is much lower than their potency as calcium channel agonists or antagonists. The results may therefore be of more experimental than clinical significance.
A 0.8mm<sup>2</sup> all-digital SAW-less polar transmitter in 65nm EDGE SoC (2010)

EDGE is currently the most widely used standard for data communications in mobile phones. Its proliferation has led to a need for low-cost 2.5G mobile solutions. The implementation of RF circuits in nanoscale digital CMOS with no or minimal process enhancements is one of the key obstacles limiting the complete SoC integration of cellular radio functionality with digital baseband. The key challenges for such RF integration include non-linearity of devices and circuits, device mismatches, process parameter spread, and the increasing potential for self-interference that could be induced by one function in the SoC onto another.
An Adaptive Synchronous-Reference-Frame Phase-Locked Loop for Power Quality Improvement in a Polluted Utility Grid (2011)

The proper operation of grid-connected power electronics converters needs using a synchronization technique to estimate the phase of the grid voltage. The performance of this synchronization technique is related to the quality of the consumed or delivered electric power. The synchronous-reference-frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) has been widely used due to its ease of operation and robust behavior. However, the estimated phase can have a considerable amount of unwanted ripple if the grid voltage disturbances are not properly rejected. The aim of this paper is to propose an adaptive SRF-PLL which strongly rejects these disturbances even if the fundamental frequency of the grid voltage varies. This is accomplished by using several adaptive infinite-impulse-response notch filters, implemented by means of an inherently stable Schur-lattice structure. This structure is perfectly suited to be programmed in fixed-point DSPs (i.e., it has high mapping precision, low roundoff accumulation, and suppression of quantization limit cycle oscillations). The proposed adaptive SRF-PLL has been tested by means of the TI TMS320F2812 DSP. The obtained experimental results show that the proposed synchronization method highly rejects the undesired harmonics even if the fundamental harmonic frequency of a highly polluted grid voltage abruptly varies.
Kohonen's self-organizing maps: exploring their computational capabilities (1988)

The authors demonstrate that the computational capabilities of Kohonen's algorithm provide an unified approach to such diverse fields as sensory mappings, combinatorial optimization, and learning in motor control. For a discrete probability distribution of the training inputs, the formation of the mapping can be described as a probabilistic descent in a potential. In view of their wide applicability, the principles of the algorithm might also be inherent to the maturation of biological brains and could help to achieve a better understanding of these processes from a more unified point of view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stability of galactose in aqueous solutions. (1989)

The stability of 5%-30% w/v galactose in sterile water for injection and acetate and phosphate buffers was studied. The concentration of galactose was determined after each sample was diluted to a nominal concentration of 0.5% (w/v); for purposes of data analysis, the concentration as measured in the diluted sample was multiplied by a dilution factor to obtain the true concentration in the sample. The concentrations were determined from the regression line obtained by plotting the peak-height ratios (for various concentrations of galactose and the internal standard cellobiose) versus the galactose concentrations. Triplicate samples were quantitatively analyzed for galactose content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of the samples was then studied in relation to buffer concentration; pH; storage at 25, 45, and 65 degrees C for six weeks, and autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes. Galactose degradation increased in relation to its concentration, increasing temperature, and buffer concentration. Galactose solutions in water and phosphate incurred less than 5% degradation on autoclaving; however, the 30% solutions in acetate buffers lost up to 21% of initial content. Yellow discoloration of solutions was associated with autoclaving and prolonged exposure at 65 degrees C and appeared in some solutions that did not exceed the USP XXI limit of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and related compounds in dextrose injection. The estimated room temperature shelf-life of galactose in sterile water for injection sterilized by 0.45-micron-porosity membrane filtration is four and one-half months. Solutions may also be sterilized by autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes; galactose solutions containing pH buffers should not be sterilized by autoclaving.
Window Size Impact in Human Activity Recognition (2014)

Signal segmentation is a crucial stage in the activity recognition process; however, this has been rarely and vaguely characterized so far. Windowing approaches are normally used for segmentation, but no clear consensus exists on which window size should be preferably employed. In fact, most designs normally rely on figures used in previous works, but with no strict studies that support them. Intuitively, decreasing the window size allows for a faster activity detection, as well as reduced resources and energy needs. On the contrary, large data windows are normally considered for the recognition of complex activities. In this work, we present an extensive study to fairly characterize the windowing procedure, to determine its impact within the activity recognition process and to help clarify some of the habitual assumptions made during the recognition system design. To that end, some of the most widely used activity recognition procedures are evaluated for a wide range of window sizes and activities. From the evaluation, the interval 1-2 s proves to provide the best trade-off between recognition speed and accuracy. The study, specifically intended for on-body activity recognition systems, further provides designers with a set of guidelines devised to facilitate the system definition and configuration according to the particular application requirements and target activities.
The purification of nerve growth factor from bovine seminal plasma. Biochemical characterization and partial amino acid sequence. (1982)

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein regulating the development and function of certain neural crest derivatives, has been purified from bovine seminal plasma, and extremely rich source of the protein. Around 10 mg of pure NGF (yield, 10-20%) can be isolated from 10 g of lyophilized seminal plasma (around 100 ml of semen). The behavior during purification indicates that, like the NGF in the mouse submandibular gland, bovine NGF exists as a high molecular weight complex that dissociates at extremes of pH to reveal a smaller subunit having NGF biological activity. The isolated low molecular weight form of bovine NGF is a dimer of noncovalently linked polypeptide chains (Mr approximately 15,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels), with an isoelectric point of 9.5-10. These properties differ from those of low molecular weight (beta-subunit) mouse NGF, which comprises two noncovalently linked peptide chains of Mr = 13,256 (from sequence studies), and which has an isoelectric point of 9.3. The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal 26 residues of bovine NGF has been determined and found to be similar to, but not identical with, that of mouse NGF. Thus, residues 3, 9, and 18, which are threonine, methionine, and valine, respectively, in mouse NGF, are serine, arginine, and isoleucine in bovine NGF.
Fast action proposals for human action detection and search (2015)

In this paper we target at generating generic action proposals in unconstrained videos. Each action proposal corresponds to a temporal series of spatial bounding boxes, i.e., a spatio-temporal video tube, which has a good potential to locate one human action. Assuming each action is performed by a human with meaningful motion, both appearance and motion cues are utilized to measure the actionness of the video tubes. After picking those spatiotemporal paths of high actionness scores, our action proposal generation is formulated as a maximum set coverage problem, where greedy search is performed to select a set of action proposals that can maximize the overall actionness score. Compared with existing action proposal approaches, our action proposals do not rely on video segmentation and can be generated in nearly real-time. Experimental results on two challenging datasets, MSRII and UCF 101, validate the superior performance of our action proposals as well as competitive results on action detection and search.
[Beneficial effects of acetazolamide on paroxysmal attacks of girdle sensation in multiple sclerosis]. (1998)

A 56-year-old woman with a 40-year history of multiple sclerosis (MS) developed paroxysmal attacks of girdle sensation in the Th5-6 dermatomes. The attacks lasted 20-60 minutes and occured up to three times per week. T2-weighted MR imaging of the spinal cord showed high intensity area from Th5 to Th8. Electrocardiography, echocardiography and laboratory findings did not indicate ischemic heart disease; therefore, the paroxysms were attributed to the spinal cord lesions. Attacks were successfully suppressed by acetazolamide 250 mg/day. Although carbamazepine is frequently used to treat paroxysmal attacks in MS, we would like to suggest that acetazolamide may also be beneficial in some patients with paroxysmal symptoms.