gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dank (2002)

Wie wohl dem Promotionsausschuß für Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Bremen, der diese Arbeit am Ende 2000 unter dem Titel: „Graue Gefahr oder graues Glück“ angenommen hat im Hinblick auf den folgenden Text selbstverständlich versichert wurde, daß dieser ohne fremde Hilfe entstanden ist, ist andererseits kaum vorstellbar, daß der Verfasser nicht vielen auf die eine oder andere Art hilfreichen Menschen zu Dank verpflichtet wäre.
HealthMap: Global Infectious Disease Monitoring through Automated Classification and Visualization of Internet Media Reports (2007)

HealthMap is a useful free and open resource employing text-processing algorithms to identify important disease outbreak information through a user-friendly interface.
Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Preterm Newborns: Beneficial Effects of Melatonin (2004)

Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome and its complications. This study was conducted to determine if treatment with the antioxidant melatonin would influence interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitrite/nitrate levels in newborns with grade III or IV respiratory distress syndrome (radiographically confirmed) diagnosed within the first 6 hours of life. Prior to treatment, a blood sample was collected from the umbilical cord or a peripheral vein of each newborn. Second, third, and fourth blood samples were collected at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days, respectively, after beginning treatment with melatonin or placebo. Compared with the melatonin-treated respiratory distress syndrome newborns, in the untreated infants the concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were significantly higher at 24 hours, 72 hours, and at 7 days after onset of the study. in addition, nitrite/nitrate levels at all time points were higher in the untreated respiratory distress syndrome newborns than in the melatonin-treated babies. Following melatonin administration, nitrite/nitrate levels decreased significantly, whereas they remained high and increased further in the respiratory distress syndrome infants not given melatonin.
MASmote &#8211; A Mobility Node for MAS-net (Mobile Actuator Sensor Networks) (2005)

This paper presents a new mobile robot platform (MASmote) acting as a sensing or actuation node with mobility in mobile actuator sensor networks (MAS-net). The hardware components and software architecture of MASmote are introduced in detail. The dynamic model of the MASmote is described and a low-level controller is designed to make the motion of these MAS-net nodes reliable and flexible. MASmote is built from commercial off-the-shelf components. Its small size, low cost, solid structure, and software modularity make it suitable for large-scale distributed mobile actuator and sensor network. The application of MASmote and MASmote system is exemplified in a scenario of diffusion process boundary tracing
Statistical Interpretation of a Data Adaptive Clutter Subspace Estimation Algorithm (2012)

Detection algorithms in a nonhomogeneous clutter environment have to contend with the problem of excessive false alarm rates when the clutter is not sufficiently suppressed. Prior to signal detection, adaptive receivers must either "null" or "whiten" the clutter. The former approach requires estimates of the basis vectors of the clutter subspace while the latter requires estimates of the covariance matrix of the clutter. It may be preferable to null the clutter when the dimensionality of the clutter subspace (M) is small in comparison to the length of the data vector coherently processed (N) and also when the signal to be detected is not substantially within the clutter-plus-noise subspace. Depending on the scenario, radar clutter data may have a variety of effects such as clutter discretes, data dropouts due to terrain masking that cause shadowing, multipath effects, and non-Gaussian amplitude statistics. We consider a statistical model which can account for some of these effects and apply the model to design an algorithm to obtain a maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the orthonormal basis vectors of the clutter-plus-noise subspace. We show that the problem can be reformulated to develop a recursive approach for MLE based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Results of the analysis show that each training vector must be scaled by a nonnegative scale factor from the interval [0,1] prior to subspace estimation. The scale factor applied to each training vector increases monotonically with the subspace clutter-plus-noise power of the vector. Conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution are considered. A statistical interpretation of the solution is provided along with sample simulation results.
The effect of C2 substitution on melting point and liquid phase dynamics of imidazolium based-ionic liquids: insights from molecular dynamics simulations (2012)

Using molecular dynamics simulations, the melting points and liquid phase dynamic properties were studied for four alkyl-imidazolium-based ionic liquids, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]), 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMMIM][PF6]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM][PF6]), and 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMMIM][PF6]), respectively. Experimentally it has been observed that the substitution of a methyl group for a hydrogen at the C2 position of the cation ring leads to an increase in both the melting point and liquid phase viscosity, contrary to arguments that had been made regarding associations between the ions. The melting points of the four ionic liquids were accurately predicted using simulations, as were the trends in viscosity. The simulation results show that the origin of the effect is mainly entropic, although enthalpy also plays an important role.
Effect of chiral dopant on the performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal light valve (1994)

We have experimentally studied the effect of chiral dopant on the electro-optical performance of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) light valve. Adding a small amount of chiral dopant decreases the turn-OFF time significantly but increases the drive voltage only slightly. A phenomenological theory is presented to explain the experimental results.
Amiodarone in Patients with Heart Failure (1995)

Two recent studies have suggested that amiodarone, a potent antiarrhythmic agent, is a promising drug for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial infarction.1,2 The results of two additional studies of the use of amiodarone after myocardial infarction (the European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial and the Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial) will soon be reported.3,4 In this issue of the Journal, Singh and his coworkers report the results of the Veterans Affairs Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure.5 This trial examined the effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure . . .
Defective Extracellular Pyrophosphate Metabolism Promotes Vascular Calcification in a Mouse Model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome That Is Ameliorated on Pyrophosphate Treatment (2013)

Excessive vascular calcification in Lmna(G609G) mice is caused by reduced extracellular accumulation of pyrophosphate that results from increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and diminished ATP availability caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle cells. Excessive calcification is ameliorated on pyrophosphate treatment. These findings reveal a previously undefined pathogenic process in HGPS that may also contribute to vascular calcification in normal aging, because progerin progressively accumulates in the vascular tissue of individuals without HGPS.
Selective Oxidation of Unprotected Carbohydrates to Aldehyde Analogues by Using TEMPO Salts (2007)

Abstract The primary alcohol function of essentially unprotected carbohydrates (methyl‐α‐ D ‐mannopyranoside, methyl‐α‐ D ‐glucopyranoside and methyl‐α‐ D ‐galactopyranoside) was selectively converted into the corresponding aldehyde in the form of acetals by using TEMPO + BF 4 – (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate) in organic medium with 2,6‐lutidine as the base. Indeed, organic anhydrous conditions prevent over oxidation of the alcohol group to the carboxylate form. The resulting compounds, methyl‐α‐ D ‐ gluco hexodialdo‐1,5‐pyranoside and methyl‐α‐ D ‐ mano hexodialdo‐1,5‐pyranoside were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. Additionally, the results obtained in a TEMPO electrochemically mediated system were compared with those of the pure TEMPO + BF 4 – system, but lower yields were attained under the electrochemical conditions as a result of a very slow reaction rate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Temporary Internal Distraction as an Aid to Correction of Severe Scoliosis (2007)

Temporary internal distraction is a viable alternative approach to maximizing curve correction in patients undergoing spinal fusion for severe scoliosis.
Convenient and General Synthesis of Symmetrical N,N’-Disubstituted Imidazolium Halides (1996)

N,N-Dialkyl- and N,N-dibenzylimidazolium chlorides or bromides were synthesized in high yield from the appropriate primary alkyl or benzyl halide and N-trimethylsilylimidazole.
Novel physiological functions of oligosaccharides (2002)

Abstract This paper reviews the evidence for novel physiological functions of oligosaccharides. A history of the research and development and the types of health benefits are discussed. A key property of the physiological functions lies in the indigestibility of oligosaccharides, which gives rise to fermentation in the large intestine, followed by an increase of Bifidobacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. This property leads to several kinds of physiological functions, classified into three types of health benefits. The first is the improvement of gastrointestinal conditions, including a normal stool frequency, less constipation, and healthy intestinal microflora. The second is the promotion of mineral absorption, including an increase of bone density and relief of anemia. The third is an immunomodulation effect, such as allergy and cancer prevention.
<title>Scalable video coding over heterogeneous networks</title> (1996)

Heterogeneous networks mix wired and wireless technologies, exhibiting well over three orders of magnitude of throughputs. Mobility adds the challenge of dynamic abrupt changes in the throughput experienced by a user. We describe in this paper a video service architecture that accommodates these widely different operating environments while providing graceful degradation as conditions change dynamically for mobile users. The video service is designed in the context of CMU's wireless Andrew. Key to our architecture is Generative Video (GV), a meta representation for video sequences. GV reduces video to still images, the world images, and ancillary data. The world images integrate the information about the background and about all moving objects present in the sequence. World images `lossless' compress the video sequence by at least two orders of magnitude. When coupled with spatial compression of these still images, the total compression ratio can easily exceed three orders of magnitude, well beyond the possibilities of current technologies. Scalable encoding of GV reduces to scalable encoding of still images. We discuss three alternatives, frequency scalability, signal to noise ratio scalability, and spatial scalability. We present results with a real video clip of 20 seconds duration, illustrating compression ratios of forty five hundred with acceptable (VHS type) quality. Due to the different nature and role played by the two types of GV data, we choose two transport protocols: TCP/IP for the transmission of the world images, and UDP/IP for the transport of the ancillary data. The paper describes the video system architecture and several design choice and optimizations that improve the overall performance of the video service.
The half-life of thymidine kinase 1 in serum measured by ECL dot blot: a potential marker for monitoring the response to surgery of patients with gastric cancer (2002)

Thymidine kinase 1 in serum (STK1) of patients with gastric cancer was determined by two methods: ECL dot blot and radioactivity assay. Both measurements showed significantly different values for preoperative STK1 and healthy STK1 (p=0.012 for ECL dot blot and p=0.003 for the radioactivity assay). The preliminary results of ECL dot blot STK1 measurement showed that in tumor-free subjects the level of the enzyme was significantly reduced to 52.7% 35 days after surgery (n=8, p=0.0106). The decrease in STK1 levels in the tumor-free subjects paralleled the decline of the half-life of the STK1 enzyme. In patients with distant metastases (n=6) the enzyme level had increased to 173% 35 days postoperatively. By contrast, with the radioactivity assay no significant differences in thymidine kinase activity for 0-day-postoperative patients and 35-day-postoperative tumor-free patients was found (p=0.329). The activity decreased to 80% in 35-day-postoperative patients with metastatic disease. We suggest that the value of the half-life of STK1 measured by ECL dot blot can be used as a potential marker for monitoring the response to surgery in patients with gastric or other cancers one month after surgery.
Lignocellulose Biotechnology: Future Prospects (2007)

Part I - Overview of Lignocelluloytic Biotechnology Part II - Lignocelluloytic Microorganisms and Enzymes Part III - Lignocellulose Bioconversion Part IV - Biotechnological Applications
ChemInform Abstract: LANTHANIDE ION PROBES OF STRUCTURE IN BIOLOGY. LASER‐INDUCED LUMINESCENCE DECAY CONSTANTS PROVIDE A DIRECT MEASURE OF THE NUMBER OF METAL‐COORDINATED WATER MOLECULES (1979)

Abstract Direkte Anregung der f‐Elektronenniveaus von Eu(III) und Tb(III) mit einem gepulsten Farbstofflaser erzeugt eine Lumineszenzemission, die exponentiell mit einer auf die Umgebung des Metallions empfindlich ansprechenden Abklingkonstante abnimmt.
Microneedles and Other Physical Methods for Overcoming the Stratum Corneum Barrier for Cutaneous Gene Therapy (2006)

The outermost layer of skin, the epidermis, has developed formidable physical and immunological barrier properties that prevent infiltration of deleterious chemicals and pathogens. Consequently, transdermal delivery of medicaments is currently restricted to a limited number of low molecular weight drugs. As a corollary, there has been significant recent interest in providing strategies that disrupt or circumvent the principal physical barrier, the stratum corneum, for the efficient cutaneous delivery of macromolecular and nucleic acid based therapeutics. These strategies include: electrical methods, intradermal injection, follicular delivery, particle acceleration, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, microscission, and microneedles. The application of microfabricated microneedle arrays to skin creates transient pathways to enable transcutaneous delivery of drugs and macromolecules. Microneedle use is simple, pain-free, and causes no bleeding, with further advantages of convenient manufacture, distribution, and disposal. To date, microneedles have been shown to deliver drug, peptide, antigen, and DNA efficiently through skin. Robust and efficient microneedle designs and compositions can be inserted into the skin without fracture. Further progress in microneedle array design, microneedle application apparatus, and integrated formulation will confirm this methodology as a realistic clinical strategy for delivering a range of medicaments, including DNA, to and through skin.
Optically amplifying microring resonator components based on GaInAsP/InP: challenges and perspectives (2005)

Recent developments of active microring resonator components, design and fabrication based on GalnAsP/InP are summarised. The technological challenges up to the implementation of vertical coupling by using wafer bonding and the potential for the realisation of laser sources, wavelength (de) multiplexers, dispersion compensators, wavelength converters, and logic functionalities are discussed.
Propagation of Canine Distemper Virus on the Chorio-Allantolc Membrane of Embryonated Hen Eggs (1949)

SummaryStudies are reported in which the Lederle stock strain of canine distemper virus was adapted and maintained through 74 serial passages on the chorio-allantoic membranes of developing chick embryos. The chick embryo adapted strain retained its capacity to produce lethal infection in ferrets through the 24th egg passage level but apparently lost its ability to do so between the 24th and 28th egg passages. Ferrets inoculated with chick embryo adapted virus of passage levels higher than the 28th transfer failed to show any signs of disease, but were found immune on rechallenge with fully virulent ferret spleen virus. Cross neutralization tests carried out in chick embryos and in ferrets indicate that the chick embryo adapted strain and the parent strain of ferret spleen virus are immunologically related.
Intermolecular Addition of Amines to an <i>N</i>-Tosyloxy β-Lactam<sup>1</sup> (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTIntermolecular Addition of Amines to an N-Tosyloxy β-Lactam1John R. Bellettini and Marvin J. MillerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 22, 7959–7962Publication Date (Web):November 1, 1996Publication History Received24 June 1996Published online1 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961184whttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961184wbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Amines,Ammonia,Anions,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
A systematic review of the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) testing within a cervical screening programme: summary and conclusions (2000)

A systematic review of the available evidence on the role of HPV testing in cervical screening has been published by the Health Technology Assessment Committee of the UK Department of Health. The review summarized relevant data on testing methods, natural history, and prevalence of the virus in different disease groups. Cost-effectiveness modelling was undertaken. Ten major conclusions were reached and are reported here. The key conclusions were that HPV testing was more sensitive than cytology, but that there were concerns about specificity, especially in young women. The increased sensitivity led to a recommendation that HPV testing be introduced on a pilot basis for women with borderline and mild smears. HPV testing has great potential as a primary screening test, but large trials are needed to properly evaluate this application and to determine if its introduction can reduce invasive cancer rates. There is an urgent need to undertake a large trial of HPV testing in conjunction with other new technologies (liquid-based cytology and computer-assisted cytology reading) to determine the best way to integrate them into ongoing screening programmes. A range of issues including the age to start and stop screening, the appropriate screening interval, the role of self-sampling for HPV testing and the choice of primary test (HPV and/or cytology) require further evaluation.
The new visual neurosciences (2014)

Visual science is the model system for neuroscience, its findings relevant to all other areas. This essential reference to contemporary visual neuroscience covers the extraordinary range of the field today, from molecules and cell assemblies to systems and therapies. It provides a state-of-the art companion to the earlier book The Visual Neurosciences (MIT Press, 2003). This volume covers the dramatic advances made in the last decade, offering new topics, new authors, and new chapters. The New Visual Neurosciences assembles groundbreaking research, written by international authorities. Many of the 112 chapters treat seminal topics not included in the earlier book. These new topics include retinal feature detection; cortical connectomics; new approaches to mid-level vision and spatiotemporal perception; the latest understanding of how multimodal integration contributes to visual perception; new theoretical work on the role of neural oscillations in information processing; and new molecular and genetic techniques for understanding visual system development. An entirely new section covers invertebrate vision, reflecting the importance of this research in understanding fundamental principles of visual processing. Another new section treats translational visual neuroscience, covering recent progress in novel treatment modalities for optic nerve disorders, macular degeneration, and retinal cell replacement. The New Visual Neurosciences is an indispensable reference for students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and anyone interested in contemporary neuroscience. Associate EditorsMarie Burns, Joy Geng, Mark Goldman, James Handa, Andrew Ishida, George R. Mangun, Kimberley McAllister, Bruno Olshausen, Gregg Recanzone, Mandyam Srinivasan, W.Martin Usrey, Michael Webster, David Whitney SectionsRetinal Mechanisms and ProcessesOrganization of Visual PathwaysSubcortical ProcessingProcessing in Primary Visual CortexBrightness and ColorPattern, Surface, and ShapeObjects and ScenesTime, Motion, and DepthEye MovementsCortical Mechanisms of Attention, Cognition, and Multimodal IntegrationInvertebrate VisionTheoretical PerspectivesMolecular and Developmental ProcessesTranslational Visual Neuroscience
Pulse-compression radar signal sorting using the blind source separation algrithms (2015)

With the increase of pulse density, signal sorting becomes extremely difficult for modern electronic reconnaissance, especially for pulse-compression radar signals. Blind source separation (BSS) is a new developed technology for separating signals from mixed observed data. In this paper, we propose various instantaneous mixing models of pulse-compression radar signals, including linear frequency modulation, polyphase code, phase-shift keying and frequency-hopping signals. The combinations of fast independent component analysis (FastICA) and joint diagonalization BSS algorithms are presented for radar signals. The performance index (PI) and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) are adopted to analyze the separation performance at different signal-to-noise ratios. The experiment results demonstrate the validity and correctness of the proposed method.
Cyclodextrin nanosponges in the removal of organic matter for ultrapure water in power generation (2009)

The water treatment processes employed by coal-fired power stations do not completely remove most of the natural organics (volatile component) from the feed water used for power generation.