gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-term re-epithelialization of the alkali-burned rabbit cornea. (1985)

Pfister and associates have shown that treatment with citrate solution reduces the incidence of stromal ulceration after alkali burn of the cornea. In the course of study of the effect of inhibitors of plasminogen activation on corneal re-epithelialization following alkali burns, we noted that when citrate was used in the medication, the healing process proceeded rapidly for three days; however, the denuded area became abruptly larger on the fourth day, and then resumed healing on the fifth day.
Predicting Peptide Retention Times for Proteomics (2010)

The vast majority of modern bottom-up proteomic protocols include chromatographic reversed-phase (RP) fractionation of peptides prior to mass-spectrometric analysis. Retention time information can be easily extracted from LC-MS data and it can be used to improve protein identification/characterization procedures. The key to the success of this procedure is the correct retention time prediction based on compositional and structural properties of the separated species. Our Sequence Specific Retention Calculator (SSRCalc) is a Web-based peptide retention prediction that covers the separation selectivity of the most popular RP-HPLC conditions applied in proteomics. Procedures for the application of SSRCalc to proteomic analyses are described in this unit.
Inotropic and calcium kinetic effects of calcium channel agonist and antagonist in isolated cardiac myocytes from cardiomyopathic hamsters. (1990)

The mechanism by which heart cells of cardiomyopathic (CM) hamsters become calcium overloaded is not known. We examined the number of slow calcium channels, calcium uptake via slow calcium channels, calcium pool sizes, and the contractile response to Bay K 8644, verapamil, and nifedipine using isolated cardiac myocytes from 8-9-month-old CM hamsters (BIO 14.6) and age-matched normal controls. The number of dihydropyridine binding sites as assessed by specific binding of [3H]PN200-110 was similar in the two groups (control hearts: Bmax = 333 +/- 89 [mean +/- SD] fmol/mg; CM hearts: Bmax = 357 +/- 75 fmol/mg; n = 5 experiments, p = 0.6). Current density through L-type calcium channels was determined using the whole-cell clamp technique (at -50 mV holding potential and -10 mV test potential) and was the same in CM myocytes (17.8 +/- 1.5 [mean +/- SD] pA/pF) and control myocytes (18.6 +/- 2.1 pA/pF) (n = 5 experiments, p = 0.5). The current-voltage relation (test potentials varied from -40 to +50 mV) was also the same in CM and control cells, as was apparent threshold, peak current, and reversal potential. However, the initial rate of 45Ca influx as well as the size of the rapidly exchangeable calcium pool was significantly greater in myocytes obtained from CM than from normal hamsters. In both myocyte preparations, Bay K 8644 increased the rate of 45Ca uptake by 25% at 60 seconds; verapamil decreased 45Ca uptake at 60 seconds by 16% and 17% in normal and CM hamsters, respectively. A similar inhibitory effect was observed with nifedipine. The amplitude of cell motion in cells driven at 1.5 Hz as assessed by an optical-video system increased progressively with increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium or Bay K 8644 in cardiac myocytes from normal or CM hamsters. However, the concentration-effect curves for the two effectors were shifted to the left in CM cells compared with cells from normal hamsters. Both preparations demonstrated similar contractile responses to verapamil and nifedipine. These findings demonstrate that single enzymatically dissociated cardiac myocytes from CM hamsters have impaired contractile properties analogous to those seen in the intact heart and thus provide a useful experimental system in which to study underlying cellular mechanisms operative in this model of heart failure. Our results further indicate that calcium overload in CM hamster cardiac myocytes may not be due to increased calcium influx via dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels, as suggested previously, but rather to abnormalities of intracellular calcium homeostasis.
A 28nm 360ps-access-time two-port SRAM with a time-sharing scheme to circumvent read disturbs (2012)

With the rapid growth in the market for mobile information terminals such as smart phones and tablets, the performance of image processing engines (e.g., operation speed, accuracy in digital images) has improved remarkably. In these processors, 2-port SRAM (2P-SRAM) macros, in which a read port and a write port are operated synchronously in a single clock cycle, are widely used. Since the 2P-SRAM is placed in front of large scale logic circuitry for image processing, a faster access time (e.g., <;1 ns) is required. In general, the read-out operation in 2P-SRAM utilizes full-swing of the single read bitline (BL), so a drastic improvement of the access time is not expected. On the other hand, the dual-port SRAM (DP-SRAM) makes use of the voltage difference between BL pair in the read-out operation, which is suitable for the high-speed operation. In this study, we present a time-sharing scheme using a DP-SRAM cell to achieve high-speed access in 2P-SRAM macros in such image processors.
Targeting of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling by embelin suppresses growth of leukemic cells (2017)

The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a viable molecular target for anticancer drugs that overcome apoptosis-resistance of malignant cells. XIAP is an inhibitor of apoptosis, mediating through its association with BIR3 domain of caspase 9. Embelin, a quinone derivative isolated from the Embelia ribes plant, has been shown to exhibit chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic activities via inhibiting XIAP activity. In this study, we found that embelin causes a dose-dependent suppression of proliferation in leukemic cell lines K562 and U937. Embelin mediated inhibition of proliferation correlates with induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, embelin treatment causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c, resulting in subsequent activation of caspase-3 followed by polyadenosin-5'-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, embelin treatment of leukemic cells results in a decrease of constitutive phosphorylations/activation level of AKT and downregulation of XIAP. Gene silencing of XIAP and AKT expression showed a link between XIAP expression and activated AKT in leukemic cells. Interestingly, targeting of XIAP and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling augmented inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells. Altogether these findings raise the possibility that embelin alone or in combination with inhibitors of PI3-kinase/AKT pathway may have therapeutic usage in leukemia and possibly other malignancies with up-regulated XIAP pathway.
Selenite-induced epithelial damage and cortical cataract (1986)

The purposes of these experiments were 1) to measure microscopic changes in the epithelium associated with selenite cataract, and 2) to describe the formation and subsequent clearing of selenite cortical cataract. Fourteen-day old suckling rat pups received a single subcutaneous injection of an overdose of sodium selenite at 2.25 mg Se/kg b.w. Development of cortical cataract was observed by biomicroscopy, and changes in epithelium were studied by light microscopy of flat-mounted lens epithelia. Selenite administration caused cortical cataract 15-30 days after injection in addition to previously characterized nuclear cataract. The cortical cataract progressed through equatorial vacuolization, opacity, and finally clearing of the cataract. Mitosis was suppressed and karyorrhexis was observed in the germinative zone of the epithelium 5 hours after selenite injection. Pathological disorganization of the epithelium followed. Changes included vacuolization, loss of meridional rows, and defective fiber formation. Restoration of epithelial morphology was associated with clearing of cortical opacity. Epithelial damage at 5 hours was the earliest change yet recorded for selenite cataract, and these data are consistent with our working hypothesis that the initial site of attack of selenium in both cortical and nuclear cataract is the lens epithelium.
Dexamethasone responsiveness of a major glucocorticoid-inducible CYP3A gene is mediated by elements unrelated to a glucocorticoid receptor binding motif. (1996)

Elements responsible for dexamethasone responsiveness of CYP3A23, a major glucocorticoid-inducible member of the CYP3A gene family, have been identified. DNase I footprint analysis of the proximal promoter region revealed three protected sites (sites A, B, and C) within the sequence defined by -167 to -60. Mutational analysis demonstrated that both sites B and C were necessary for maximum glucocorticoid responsiveness and functioned in a cooperative manner. Interestingly, neither site contained a glucocorticoid responsive element. Embedded in site C was an imperfect direct repeat (5'-AACTCAAAGGAGGTCA-3'), showing homology to an AGGTCA steroid receptor motif, typically recognized by the estrogen receptor family, while site B contained an ATGAACT direct repeat; these core sequences were designated dexamethasone response elements 1 and 2 (DexRE-1 and -2), respectively. Neither element has previously been associated with a glucocorticoid-activated transcriptional response. Conversion of the DexRE-1 to either a perfect thyroid hormone or vitamin D3 responsive element further enhanced induction by dexamethasone. Gel-shift analysis demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor did not associate with either DexRE-1 or -2; hence, glucocorticoid receptor does not directly mediate glucocorticoid induction of CYP3A23. These unusual features suggest an alternate pathway through which glucocorticoids exert their effects.
Transformations of Organic Matter Solubilized by Anhydrous Ammonia (1988)

Abstract While it has been established that liquid anhydrous NH 3 (LAA) solubilizes soil organic C, the transformations of the solubilized organic C have not been defined. In order to determine the mechanisms of these transformations, LAA was applied to a Drummer silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquoll) in the laboratory. At 1, 5, 12, 20 and 35 d after LAA application a set of LAA‐treated and nontreated (control) samples were analyzed for soil inorganic N, NH 3 ‐N volatilized, soil pH, water‐soluble organic C (WSOC) and CO 2 ‐C evolved. Biomass C and total hydrolyzed C were estimated. The WSOC concentration increased from 25 mg C kg −1 prior to LAA application to 282 mg C kg −1 on the first day after LAA application. By 35 d after LAA application, the WSOC had decreased to 89 mg C kg −1 . Dissimilation, CO 2 ‐C evolved, was an important conversion mechanism for the organic‐C solubilized by the LAA. The LAA‐treated soil had a cumulative CO 2 ‐C production of 630 mg C kg −1 compared to about 200 mg C kg −1 for the control soil over the 35 d after LAA application. Estimations of assimilatory conversion of WSOC to biomass C at microbial efficiencies (E) ranging from 0 to 0.6 indicated that assimilatory conversions could range from 0.25 to 1.5 times the dissimilatory (CO 2 ‐C) conversions, respectively. Total hydrolyzed (CO 2 + biomass + WSOC)‐C directly attributable to the LAA at efficiencies of 0 and 0.4 were 445 mg C kg −1 and 701 mg C kg −1 , respectively. In a separate experiment it was determined that soil pH had no significant effect on the decrease in WSOC concentration. Consequently, transformations of WSOC were attributed to the microbial processes of assimilation and dissimilation.
Evaluation of Pepsinogen A and Gastrin-17 as Markers of Gastric Cancer and High-Risk Pathologic Conditions (1994)

These results confirm gastrin-17 and pepsinogen A as markers of pathologic gastric conditions and suggest that these peptides are potential screening tools worthy of further assessment.
Small-Ring Compounds. XLV. Influence of Vinyl and Phenyl Substituents on the Interconversion of Allylcarbinyl-Type Grignard Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1966)

Equilibration of the α and β positions in y,y-diphenylallylcarbinylmagnesium bromide was complete after 5 hr at room temperature. Less than 0.3% of the isomeric cyclopropylcarbinyl derivative, however, is in equilibrium with the ring-opened species. While reactions of the Grignard reagents normally expected to have anionic-type mechanisms were found to lead to allylcarbinyl products only, substantial amounts of cyclic products were formed with molecular oxygen.
Short Synthesis of Methylphenidate and Its<i>p</i>-Methoxy Derivative (2000)

Abstract A short method for the preparation of racemic threo- and erythro-methylphenidate derivatives is described. Condensation between α-ethoxy carbamate 1 and silyl ketene acetals 2a-b in the presence of TESOTf (20 mol%) afforded a 1.5:1 mixture of carbamates 3a-b/4a-b. Hydrogenolysis in EtOH followed by treatment with 3N HCl/MeOH afforded the corresponding hydrochlorides 7a-b/8a-b in good yields.
Corneal thickness in glaucoma: an important parameter? (2000)

Central corneal thickness was measured by pachometry in 49 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 41 with ocular hypertension (OHT), 14 with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and 48 normal subjects. The mean corneal thickness of the OHT patients was significantly greater than that of the normal control group. The NTG patients, on the other hand, had a cornea on average thinner than the normals. These differences may cause misclassification of normals with a thick cornea as ocular hypertensive eyes or, contrarywise, cause those normals whose IOP is underestimated because of a thin cornea to be classed as NTG patients.
The end of autophagic cell death? (2012)

In the mammalian system, cell death is often preceded or accompanied by autophagic vacuolization, a finding that initially led to the widespread belief that so-called "autophagic cell death" would be mediated by autophagy. Thanks to the availability of genetic tools to disable the autophagic machinery, it has become clear over recent years that autophagy usually constitutes a futile attempt of dying cells to adapt to lethal stress rather than a mechanism to execute a cell death program. Recently, we systematically addressed the question as to whether established or prospective anticancer agents may induce "autophagic cell death". Although a considerable portion among the 1,400 compounds that we evaluated induced autophagic puncta and actually increased autophagic flux, not a single one turned out to kill tumor cells through the induction of autophagy. Thus, knockdown of essential autophagy genes (such as ATG5 and ATG7) failed to prevent and rather accelerated chemotherapy-induced cell death, in spite of the fact that this manipulation efficiently inhibits autophagosome formation. Herein, we review these finding and--polemically--raise doubts as to the very existence of "autophagic cell death".
Position detection of an autonomous robot by aperiodic tilings (2002)

We propose an aperiodic tiling suitable for a floor pattern to provide an autonomous robot with position information. The most direct approach to this problem would be to equip the robot with an optical sensor to detect and count its traversals across the lines of a rectangular grid painted on the floor. However, dirt and other sensing errors would result in missing counts and imprecise information of its absolute position. Our approach replaces the rectangular grid by aperiodic tilings similar to Penrose tilings. These patterns may have rotational symmetries, but no nontrivial translational symmetries. By scanning a small area the robot can gather information about its position, where the precision of the information is increasing as the scanned area increases, using an optical sensor. The position information is encoded into the local configuration of the tiles, i.e. into the way the tiles are put together locally. Scanning a larger neighbourhood will increase the precision of the coordinate information. Advantages of this approach include scalability and low cost. Further we discuss a practical implementation, an application to 3-D object model recovery from 2-D images using structured light, and an extension to three dimensional position detection, where the two dimensional tiles are replaced by three dimensional analogs.
Body composition status and the risk of migraine (2017)

The current body of evidence shows that the risk of migraine is increased in obese and underweight individuals. Studies are needed to confirm whether interventions that modify obesity status decrease the risk of migraine.
Photographic patterns in macular images: representation by a mathematical model (2004)

Normal macular photographic patterns are geometrically described and mathematically modeled. Forty normal color fundus photographs were digitized. The green channel gray-level data were filtered and contrast enhanced, then analyzed for concentricity, convexity, and radial resolution. The foveal data for five images were fit with elliptic quadratic polynomials in two zones: a central ellipse and a surrounding annulus. The ability of the model to reconstruct the entire foveal data from selected pixel values was tested. The gray-level patterns were nested sets of concentric ellipses. Gray levels increased radially, with retinal vessels changing the patterns to star shaped in the peripheral fovea. The elliptic polynomial model could fit a high-resolution green channel foveal image with mean absolute errors of 6.1% of the gray-level range. Foveal images were reconstructed from small numbers of selected pixel values with mean errors of 7.2%. Digital analysis of normal fundus photographs shows finely resolved concentric elliptical foveal and star-shaped parafoveal patterns, which are consistent with anatomical structures. A two-zone elliptic quadratic polynomial model can approximate foveal data, and can also reconstruct it from small subsets, allowing improved macular image analysis.
Data Models and Statistical Analysis. (1984)

This intermediate-level statistics text is directed to the analysis of nonexperimental data of the kind found in economics and business studies, sociology, geography, and the behavioral sciences. In addition to the areas usually covered in texts at this level (i.e., univariate and bivariate analysis and multiple regression), the authors have included an introduction to topics of considerable practical utility that are usually considered beyond intermediate level. These include various multivariate methods and the analysis of the multiway contingency tables. The authors have also included, in a practical setting, the use of some distributions, such as the lognormal and the negative binomial.
van der Waals interaction between a point particle and a metallic surface. I. Theory (1982)

The van der Waals potential between a neutral atom (no permanent dipole) and a metallic surface is presented. The treatment, based on the normal modes of the system, allows a deeper understanding of the nature of van der Waals forces and makes it practically possible to calculate for complex geometries. To show this we derive theoretical expressions for the interactions of atoms with cylinders and spheres, besides the well-known plane-geometry formula. These formulas are new in some aspects and constitute the theoretical counterpart of many experimental situations. In the same vein we allow a stochastic surface roughness to be present in the plane geometry and show how the problem can be solved analytically in the electrostatic approximation. Numerical calculations and comparison with experiments are presented in paper II.
Baseline correction of phase-contrast images in congenital cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2010)

Phantom correction often resulted in clinically significant changes in PC blood flow measurements in patients with known or suspected congenital heart disease. In laboratories performing clinical CMR with suspected phase offset errors of significance, the routine use of phantom correction for PC flow measurements should be considered.
High-Accuracy X-ray Reflectivity Study of Native Oxide Formed in Chemical Treatment (1995)

High-accuracy X-ray reflectivity measurements using synchrotron radiation have been carried out to study native oxides formed during various chemical-cleaning processes on Si wafer. Clear differences in the density of native oxides between various chemical treatments were obtained from the normalized reflectivity for the first time. Native oxides formed by HCl and NH 4 OH solutions have a low density, in contrast to the oxides formed by H 2 SO 4 solution and UV/O 3 whose densities are close to that of thermal oxide. These results are closely related to the results of chemical studies and the etching characterization of native oxides.
A computer driven crystal spectrometer with charge coupled device detectors for x-ray spectroscopy of laser plasmas (1997)

A completely automated crystal spectrometer has been realized. It is computer driven by a Macintosh computer using the LabVIEW graphical interfacing and driving software. The spectrometer uses charge coupled device detectors for online read out of collected x-ray spectra. It may work under vacuum conditions and it has been tested with a Nd laser-plasma x-ray source using Al targets.
A Practical and Secure Multi-keyword Search Method over Encrypted Cloud Data (2013)

Cloud computing technologies become more and more popular every year, as many organizations tend to outsource their data utilizing robust and fast services of clouds while lowering the cost of hardware ownership. Although its benefits are welcomed, privacy is still a remaining concern that needs to be addressed. We propose an efficient privacy-preserving search method over encrypted cloud data that utilizes minhash functions. Most of the work in literature can only support a single feature search in queries which reduces the effectiveness. One of the main advantages of our proposed method is the capability of multi-keyword search in a single query. The proposed method is proved to satisfy adaptive semantic security definition. We also combine an effective ranking capability that is based on term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) values of keyword document pairs. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme is proved to be privacy-preserving, efficient and effective.
Non-Contact Nanoliter & Picoliter Liquid Dispensing (2007)

This paper presents an introduction to non-contact dispensing technologies gaining increasingly importance in numerous application fields, ranging from the life sciences and medical applications to industrial fabrication. Besides a brief overview on typical applications the basic dimensionless numbers to describe droplet breakup are introduced. Based on this formalism criteria for droplet breakup are given and a classification of droplet dispensers according to their working principle is proposed. Examples of dispensing devices are presented for selected applications and it is shown how these fit into the proposed classifications scheme.