gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and mechanism of the addition of amines to carbon disulfide in ethanol (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the addition of amines to carbon disulfide in ethanolEnrique A. Castro, Sergio A. Pena, Jose G. Santos, and Juan C. VegaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 5, 863–866Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00179a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00179a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Técnica modificada en la histerectomía total abdominal para enfermedades benignas del útero (2005)

Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 210 pacientes a las que se les realizo histerectomia total abdominal por procesos benignos del utero, en el servicio de ginecologia del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantanamo, durante el periodo comprendido desde 1993 hasta 1996. De ellas, 105 son realizadas con la tecnica clasica de Richardson y las restantes 105, con nuestra tecnica modificada. Las variables usadas fueron: diagnostico preoperatorio, complejidad de la operacion, promedio de sangre perdida (diferencia entre la hemoglobina preoperatoria y postoperatoria), promedio de tiempo quirurgico y las complicaciones peroperatorias y postoperatorias. La fuente de informacion utilizada es un modelo de vaciamiento disenado para la recogida de los datos. Se utiliza como medida de resumenes: el numero absoluto, el porcentaje y el Chi cuadrado, con un nivel de significacion estadistica del 95 % (p<0.05), para determinar posibles asociaciones. Se obtiene como resultado que con la aplicacion de la tecnica de Richardson modificada se reduce la cuantia de sangre perdida, el promedio del tiempo quirurgico y las complicaciones tanto peroperatorias como postoperatorias.
Metrology of electron-beam lithography systems using holographically produced reference samples (1991)

Metrology in an electron-beam lithography system is typically carried out by a combination of beam scan and laser-interferometer-controlled sample motion. The high-resolution technique presented in this paper avoids the stage motion by using a holographically produced grid, which is essentially a permanently recorded interference pattern. This grid can be at least as accurate as the interferometer, and no stage motion, with the potential for additional error sources, is required to map out the distortion in the deflection field. The quality of the grid is critical since it is the reference to which the distortion is compared. With careful control of the holographic exposure system, high-quality low-distortion orthogonal grids were fabricated. We have produced grids with a period of 200 nm and orthogonality of a few arc seconds using an UV laser holographic system. Once the grid is processed to produce a high-contrast signal for either back-scattered or transmitted electrons, both scanning and signal-processing techniques are needed to measure the distortion. If the errors are larger or similar in size to the grating period a moiré technique can be used. Unfortunately, when the distortion is much less than the period this technique does not have the required resolution. Therefore, two new techniques have been developed. The first uses a lock-in amplifier to measure the phase difference between the expected signal and the actual measured signal. The second uses digital image processing to compare the expected and measured images. With both of these techniques resolution of about one beam step (≊6 nm) has been achieved.
The Effect of Hyaluronan on Bone and Soft Tissue and Immune Response in Wound Healing (2001)

The observed difference in bone height between test and control sites in the surgical group after 12 months was less than 1 mm, which was only detectable on radiographs. No statistical difference was found on radiographs in the non-surgical group, where a decrease in bone height was found for both groups after scaling. Probing depth reduction after the surgical treatment, as well as after scaling and root planing, was as expected. Hyaluronan in contact with bone and soft tissues had no influence on the immune system in this study. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which hyaluronan can lead to clinically significant healing of periodontal lesions.
A novel in vitro assay to predict neonatal Fc receptor-mediated human IgG half-life (2015)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) has an unusually long serum half-life in comparison to proteins of a similar size. It is well-known that this phenomenon is due to IgG's ability to bind the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in a pH-dependent manner. FcRn binding properties can vary among IgGs, resulting in altered in vivo half-lives, and therefore it would be beneficial to accurately predict the FcRn binding properties of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here we describe the development of an in vitro model capable of predicting the in vivo half-life of human IgG. Using a high-throughput biolayer interferometry (BLI) platform, the human FcRn association rate at acidic pH and subsequent dissociation rate at physiological pH was determined for 5 human IgG1 mAbs. Comparing the combined FcRn association and dissociation rates to the Phase 1 clinical study half-lives of the mAbs resulted in a strong correlation. The correlation was also verified in vivo using mice transgenic for human FcRn. The model was used to characterize various factors that may influence FcRn-mAb binding, including mAb variable region sequence differences and constant region glycosylation patterns. Results indicated that the complementarity-determining regions of the heavy chain significantly influence the mAb's FcRn binding properties, while the absence of glycosylation does not alter mAb-FcRn binding. Development of this high-throughput FcRn binding model could potentially predict the half-life of therapeutic IgGs and aid in selection of lead candidates while also serving as a screening tool for the development of mAbs with desired pharmacokinetic properties.
IGBT negative gate capacitance and related instability effects (1997)

For high collector voltages, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) exhibit a negative gate capacitance. In this condition, a p-channel inversion layer is formed on the N-base surface. The positive charges in the p-channel induce negative charges in the MOS gate electrode. This results in a negative gate capacitance. As a consequence of this negative capacitance, IGBT operation is inherently unstable, leading to current redistribution between cells or even chips.
Perpendicular recording characteristics of single pole thin film head (1991)

The recording and reproducing characteristics of single pole thin film heads with various main pole thicknesses from 0.15 to 1.1 mu m were investigated. The normalized output voltage is more than 100 nVop/ mu -t-m/s, and D50 is 110 KFCI. The C/N ratio and overwrite are 41 dB and better than -30 dB, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that a magnetic shield, using soft magnetic material, is important for preventing the influence of external magnetic fields. Pole recession was found to affect the reproduced output, and must be controlled in the manufacturing process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measuring mode propagation losses of integrated optical waveguides: a simple method (1983)

A semiautomatic method is described for measuring, fast and accurately, the mode propagation losses of planar or channel waveguides for integrated optical circuits. It involves a video camera aided by a microcomputer, and the real-time measurement is feasible over a broad range from low loss (<1 dB/cm) to high loss (of the order of 102 dB/cm). We examined the propagation properties of several optical waveguides prepared by sputtering or ion migration.
Endoscopic Bladder Transection (1984)

Endoscopic bladder transection has been performed in 30 patients with symptoms as a result of unstable bladder activity. The symptomatic improvement produced justifies the use of this new operation which should replace the open procedure.
Unsupervised clustering of mammograms for outlier detection and breast density estimation (2018)

The flourishing of machine learning use for cognitive tasks has driven an increased demand for large annotated training datasets. In the medical imaging domain, such datasets are scarce, and the process of labeling them is costly, error prone and requires high expertise. Unsupervised learning is therefore an attractive approach for analyzing unlabeled medical images. In this paper we describe an unsupervised analysis method, consisting of feature learning by Stacked Auto-Encoders, K-means clustering for building a data model, and encoding of new images using the model. We utilize this method for image-level and patch-level analysis of breast mammograms. At the image-level, we demonstrate that our cluster-based image encoding is able to identify outlier images such as images with implants or non-standard acquisition views. At the patch-level, we show that image signatures using patch clustering can be used for unsupervised semantic segmentation of breast tissues, as well as for separating mammograms with high and low breast density. We evaluate our suggested methods on large datasets and discuss potential applications for data curation, machine-guided annotation and automatic interpretation of medical images.
First evidence for an association of a functional variant in the microRNA-510 target site of the serotonin receptor-type 3E gene with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (2008)

Diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a complex disorder related to dysfunctions in the serotonergic system. As cis-regulatory variants can play a role in the etiology of complex conditions, we investigated the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the serotonin receptor type 3 subunit genes HTR3A and HTR3E. Mutation analysis was carried out in a pilot sample of 200 IBS patients and 100 healthy controls from the UK. The novel HTR3E 3'-UTR variant c.*76G>A (rs62625044) was associated with female IBS-D (P = 0.033, OR = 8.53). This association was confirmed in a replication study, including 119 IBS-D patients and 195 controls from Germany (P = 0.0046, OR = 4.92). Pooled analysis resulted in a highly significant association of c.*76G>A with female IBS-D (P = 0.0002, OR = 5.39). In a reporter assay, c.*76G>A affected binding of miR-510 to the HTR3E 3'-UTR and caused elevated luciferase expression. HTR3E and miR-510 co-localize in enterocytes of the gut epithelium as shown by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. This is the first example indicating micro RNA-related expression regulation of a serotonin receptor gene with a cis-regulatory variant affecting this regulation and appearing to be associated with female IBS-D.
Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Decorated by PDMAEMA Chains and Polymer Particles (2009)

Exfoliated graphite oxide (GO) sheets with hydroxyl groups and amine groups on the surface were prepared by modification of graphite. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator molecules were grafted onto the GO sheets by reactions of 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide with hydroxyl groups and amine groups. Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) chains on the surface of GO sheets were synthesized by in-situ ATRP. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results all demonstrated that polymer chains were successfully produced. After grafting of PDMAEMA, the dispersity of GO sheets in solvents was improved significantly. Poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) particles were deposited on GO sheets via hydrogen bonding between MAA units on polymer particles and amine groups of PDMAEMA. TEM and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure of the nanocomposites.
Using a Risk Assessment Process to Determine Criticality of Product Quality Attributes (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Examples of Criticality Determination Conclusion Acknowledgments References
The role of high-frequency hearing in age-related speech understanding deficits (2000)

An experiment was conducted to further explore the effect of ageing on speech understanding under degraded listening conditions. Two groups of subjects, aged 20-39 years and 50-75 years were tested. Measurements were made of hearing thresholds in each ear from 0.25-10kHz, consonant discrimination in quiet and continuous speech spectrum noise (S/N= -10 dB) and monophonic and stereophonic frequency selectivity. Neither group would have been diagnosed as hearing-impaired. Nonetheless, the older group had significantly higher hearing thresholds, which increased systematically with frequency. Poorer consonant discrimination in noise was observed for the older group. This outcome was correlated with high-frequency thresholds, not with age. There was no between-group difference in stereophonic frequency selectivity, minimizing the possibility of age-related changes in central auditory processing. Monophonic frequency selectivity, an index of cochlear processing, was correlated with speech understanding. The results support the conclusion that observed age-related effects are secondary to cochlear dysfunction.
Effects of intra-articular injections of bufexamac suspension on amphotericin B-induced aseptic arthritis in horses. (1999)

2 i.a. injections of 20 or 40 mg of bufexamac, at weekly intervals, were effective in reducing clinical signs of lameness and SF activity of BGLUC associated with amphotericin B-induced carpal joint arthritis. Bufexamac possesses anti-inflammatory properties useful for i.a. treatment of lameness associated with aseptic arthritis in horses.
Recent Development of Antitumor Agents from Chinese Herbal Medicines; Part I. Low Molecular Compounds (2003)

A series of low molecular compounds from Chinese herbal medicines which have proved to be, in some cases, highly effective especially in tumor therapy, is listed here (part II will deal with high molecular compounds, to be published in the next issue). In contrast to synthetic agents used in cancer chemotherapy, these natural compounds have relatively low toxicities. Many of the clinical studies referred to in this paper have been carried out on Asians. Because genetic factors influence enzyme levels, sometimes leading to striking differences in metabolism and pharmacokinetics of drugs, results obtained in clinical studies carried out in China are not 100 % transferable to the European population. The mechanisms of action of these compounds are manifold, consisting of reactions with DNA bases, intercalation in DNA, inhibition of topoisomerases, inhibition of protein kinases, induction of apoptosis etc. Some of the compounds have interesting structural features, that may be used as lead structures for the development of further antitumor agents.
Studies on the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a viability assay for plant tissue cultures (1975)

Optimum conditions for the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to a water-insoluble red formazan have been determined for suspension tissue cultures of Acer saccharum and Haplopappus gracilus. The standard incubation mixture is 0.8% TTC dissolved in a 2:1 solution of 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer:Acer growth medium, pH 7.5. After the cells are incubated for 18–20 h in the dark at room temperature, the red formazan is extracted with 95% ethanol, and the absorbance is read at 485 nm. The use of the TTC procedure as a viability assay is supported by studies with Haplopappus tissue cultures, in which viability can be assayed by both plating in agar and the TTC procedure. These studies show that there is a quantitative correspondence between the decrease in the plating assay and in the TTC assay when these cells are subjected to freezing stress and plasmolysis stress.
Superabsorbent Hydrogels That Are Robust and Highly Stretchable (2014)

Polymer hydrogels synthesized by chemical cross-linking of acrylate or acrylamide monomers can absorb more than 100 times their weight in water. However, such gels are usually fragile and rupture when stretched to moderate strains (∼50%). Many strategies have been developed to create tougher gels, including double-networking, incorporation of nanoparticles as cross-linkers, etc., but these strategies typically retard the water absorbency of the gel. Here, we present a new approach that gives rise to superabsorbent hydrogels having superior mechanical properties. The key to our approach is the self-cross-linking ability of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). That is, we conduct a free-radical polymerization of DMAA (along with an ionic comonomer such as sodium acrylate) but without any multifunctional monomers. A hydrogel still forms due to interchain covalent bonds between the growing linear polymer chains. Gels formed by this route can be stretched up to 1350% strain in the unswollen state. The same gels are also superabsorbent and can imbibe up to 3000 times their weight in water (which is believed to be a record). Even in the swollen state, these gels can be stretched up to strains ∼400% before rupture, which substantially exceeds that of conventional superabsorbent gels. The superior properties of DMAA-based gels are attributed to a more uniform distribution of cross-links within their networks.
Consensus report: clinical perspectives, mechanisms, diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome (2002)

This consensus document reviews the current status of the epidemiology, social impact, patient quality of life, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Current evidence suggests that two major mechanisms may interact in irritable bowel syndrome: altered gastrointestinal motility and increased sensitivity of the intestine. However, other factors, such as psychosocial factors, intake of food and prior infection, may contribute to its development. Management of patients is based on a positive diagnosis of the symptom complex, careful history and physical examination to exclude 'red flags' as risk factors for organic disease, and, if indicated, investigations to exclude other disorders. Therapeutic choices include dietary fibre for constipation, opioid agents for diarrhoea and low-dose antidepressants or infrequent use of antispasmodics for pain, although the evidence basis for efficacy is limited or in some cases absent. Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy are the subject of ongoing study. Treatment should be tailored to patient needs and fears. Novel therapies are emerging, and drugs acting on serotonin receptors have proven efficacy and a scientific rationale and, if approved, should be useful in the overall management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Patient and physician education, early identification of psychosocial issues and better therapies are important strategies to reduce the suffering and societal cost of irritable bowel syndrome.
Speech Watermarking for Analog Flat-Fading Bandpass Channels (2009)

We present a blind speech watermarking algorithm that embeds the watermark data in the phase of non-voiced speech by replacing the excitation signal of an autoregressive speech signal representation. The watermark signal is embedded in a frequency subband, which facilitates robustness against bandpass filtering channels. We derive several sets of pulse shapes that prevent intersymbol interference and that allow the passband watermark signal to be created by simple filtering. A marker-based synchronization scheme robustly detects the location of the embedded watermark data without the occurrence of insertions or deletions. In light of a potential application to analog aeronautical voice radio communication, we present experimental results for embedding a watermark in narrowband speech at a bit-rate of 450 bit/s. The recursive least-squares (RLS) equalization-based watermark detector not only compensates for the vocal tract filtering, but also recovers the watermark data in the presence of nonlinear phase and bandpass filtering, amplitude modulation, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), making the watermarking scheme highly robust.
Collagen hydrolysate for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint disorders:a review of the literature (2006)

A growing body of evidence provides a rationale for the use of collagen hydrolysate for patients with OA. It is hoped that ongoing and future research will clarify how collagen hydrolysate provides its clinical effects and determine which populations are most appropriate for treatment with this supplement.
New Approaches for Computer-Assisted Skin Cancer Diagnosis (2013)

Abstract With the wide-spread availability of advanced digital cameras dermoscopy has become nowadays a standard technique to help the doctors taking diagnosis for many types of skin lesions. Further, computer-assisted techniques and image processing methods can be used for image filtering and for feature extraction and pattern recognition in the selected images. Apart from standard approaches based on geometrical features and color/pattern analysis we propose to enhance the computer-aided diagnostic tools by adding non-standard image decompositions and applying classification techniques based on statistical learning and model ensembling. Ensembles of classifiers based on the extended feature set show improved performance figures suggesting that the proposed approach could be used as powerful tool assisting medical diagnosis. 1