gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N‐glycan engineering of a plant‐produced anti‐CD20‐hIL‐2 immunocytokine significantly enhances its effector functions (2017)

Anti-CD20 recombinant antibodies are among the most promising therapeutics for the treatment of B-cell malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We recently demonstrated that an immunocytokine (2B8-Fc-hIL2), obtained by fusing an anti-CD20 scFv-Fc antibody derived from C2B8 mAb (rituximab) to the human interleukin 2 (hIL-2), can be efficiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The purified immunocytokine (IC) bearing a typical plant protein N-glycosylation profile showed a CD20 binding activity comparable to that of rituximab and was efficient in eliciting antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human PBMC against Daudi cells, indicating its fuctional integrity. In this work, the immunocytokine devoid of the typical xylose/fucose N-glycosylation plant signature (IC-ΔXF) and the corresponding scFv-Fc-ΔXF antibody not fused to the cytokine, were obtained in a glyco-engineered ΔXylT/FucT N. benthamiana line. Purification yields from agroinfiltrated plants amounted to 20-35 mg/kg of leaf fresh weight. When assayed for interaction with FcγRI and FcγRIIIa, IC-ΔXF exhibited significantly enhanced binding affinities if compared to the counterpart bearing the typical plant protein N-glycosylation profile (IC) and to rituximab. The glyco-engineered recombinant molecules also exhibited a strongly improved ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Notably, our results demonstrate a reduced C1q binding of xylose/fucose carrying IC and scFv-Fc compared to versions that lack these sugar moieties. These results demonstrate that specific N-glycosylation alterations in recombinant products can dramatically affect the effector functions of the immunocytokine, resulting in an overall improvement of the biological functions and consequently of the therapeutic potential.
Antibiotic loaded plaster of Paris pellets: an in vitro study of a possible method of local antibiotic therapy in bone infection. (1982)

Plaster of Paris is an effective ancillary treatment in the surgery of infected cavities in bone. It is well tolerated and spontaneously absorbed over a period of weeks to months, being replaced by bone of normal architecture. It effectively obliterates much of the dead space, leaving little room for hematoma formation. It would appear logical to treat local infection, especially involving rigid walled cavities, by a locally diffused antibiotic. When incorporated into plaster of Paris pellets, two antibiotics, Fucidin and gentamicin, are capable of prolonged local release in bacteriocidal concentrations. On the basis of in vitro observations on bacterial cultures, it is proposed that antibiotic-plaster of Paris pellets might be a simple adjuvant technique to good surgical debridement in the treatment of bone infection. Plaster of Paris has the practical advantage over acrylic cement beads containing antibiotics in that it is resorbed and would not need a subsequent operation to be moved.
Adversarial Neural Machine Translation (2017)

In this paper, we study a new learning paradigm for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Instead of maximizing the likelihood of the human translation as in previous works, we minimize the distinction between human translation and the translation given by an NMT model. To achieve this goal, inspired by the recent success of generative adversarial networks (GANs), we employ an adversarial training architecture and name it as Adversarial-NMT. In Adversarial-NMT, the training of the NMT model is assisted by an adversary, which is an elaborately designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The goal of the adversary is to differentiate the translation result generated by the NMT model from that by human. The goal of the NMT model is to produce high quality translations so as to cheat the adversary. A policy gradient method is leveraged to co-train the NMT model and the adversary. Experimental results on English$\rightarrow$French and German$\rightarrow$English translation tasks show that Adversarial-NMT can achieve significantly better translation quality than several strong baselines.
Release of mercury halides from KCl denuders in the presence of ozone (2010)

Abstract. KCl-coated denuders have become a standard method for measurement of gaseous oxidized mercury, but their performance has not been exhaustively evaluated, especially in field conditions. In this study, KCl-coated and uncoated quartz denuders loaded with HgCl2 and HgBr2 lost 29–55% of these compounds, apparently as elemental mercury, when exposed to ozone (range of 6–100 ppb tested). This effect was also observed for denuders loaded with gaseous oxidized mercury at a field site in Nevada (3–37% of oxidized mercury lost). In addition, collection efficiency decreased by 12–30% for denuders exposed to 50 ppb ozone during collection of HgCl2. While data presented were obtained from laboratory tests and as such do not exactly simulate field sampling conditions, these results indicate that the KCl denuder oxidized mercury collection method may not be as robust as previously thought. This work highlights needs for further testing of this method, clear identification of gaseous oxidized mercury compounds in the atmosphere, and development of field calibration methods for these compounds.
Evolution in the Electronic Structure of Polymer‐derived Amorphous Silicon Carbide (2015)

The electronic structure of polymer‐derived amorphous silicon carbide pyrolyzed at different temperatures was investigated by combining measurements of their temperature‐dependent conductivity and optical absorption. By comparing the experimental results with theoretical models, the parameters such as conduction band, band‐tail, defect energy, and Fermi energy were determined. The results revealed that band gap and band‐tail width decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore, it was found that electrons transport followed a band‐tail hopping mechanism, rather than variable range hopping. These results were discussed in accordance with the microstructural evolutions of the material.
Pramlintide, a Synthetic Analog of Human Amylin, Improves the Metabolic Profile of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin (1998)

Reductions in serum fructosamine, plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations, and HbA1c support the hypothesis that pramlintide may improve metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin.
Motion-without-structure: Real-time multipose optimization for accurate visual odometry (2012)

State of the art visual odometry systems use bundle adjustment (BA) like methods to jointly optimize motion and scene structure. Fusing measurements from multiple time steps and optimizing an error criterion in a batch fashion seems to deliver the most accurate results. However, often the scene structure is of no interest and is a mere auxiliary quantity although it contributes heavily to the complexity of the problem. Herein we propose to use a recently developed incremental motion estimator which delivers relative pose displacements between each two frames within a sliding window inducing a pose graph. Moreover, we introduce a method to learn the uncertainty associated with each of the pose displacements. The pose graph is adjusted by non-linear least squares optimization while incorporating a motion model. Thereby we fuse measurements from multiple time steps much in the same sense as BA does. However, we obviate the need to estimate the scene structure yielding a very efficient estimator: Solving the nonlinear least squares problem by a Gauss-Newton method takes approximately 1ms. We show the effectiveness of our method on simulated and real world data and demonstrate substantial improvements over incremental methods.
The Serini Reaction (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Serini ReactionLouis F. Fieser and [not available]. Huang-MinlonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 5, 1840–1842Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01173a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01173a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Questioning child complainants of sexual abuse: Analysis of criminal court transcripts in New Zealand (1998)

Abstract This article contributes to the debate concerning how best to question child complainants about sexual abuse in a way that is in the best interests of the child and the fact‐finder. Although this research was conducted in New Zealand, the issues raised are relevant to adversarial criminal justice systems elsewhere. Four analyses were conducted on 26 transcripts of the evidence‐in‐chief and cross‐examination of child complainants of sexual abuse, and 12 transcripts of evidential interviews of the younger of these complainants. In the first analysis, a coding system was developed to categorise questions into different types of open and closed questions. In the second analysis, the authors investigated the complexity of the sentence structure used in the questions asked. Both analyses were conducted on the questions asked by evidential interviewers, prosecutors and defence lawyers. The third analysis focused on the sequence and content of questions asked in cross‐examination. Finally, the reason for interventions by prosecutors and judges were noted and discussed with particular reference to protection of child complainants. The data indicate that defence lawyers are asking some questions that children have difficulty understanding and that no‐one is intervening to protect the child from inappropriate questioning. The implications of this are outlined and recommendations made for future action.
Mycophenolic acid binding to human serum albumin: characterization and relation to pharmacodynamics (1995)

Mycophenolate mofetil, the prodrug form of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolic acid (MPA), is currently in clinical trials evaluating its effectiveness in transplant recipients. In this study, we validated an ultrafiltration system for the reliable measurement of free MPA. Using this technique, we evaluated factors that might be important in modulating the free fraction of this drug. Human serum albumin (HSA), high concentrations of the primary glucuronide metabolite of MPA, and sodium salicylate significantly affected MPA binding. For HSA the mean +/- SE binding capacity (Bmax) and the dissociation constant (Kd) were 1095 +/- 34 mumol/L and 12.98 +/- 0.93 mumol/L, respectively. The dose for 50% inhibition (IC50) of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase isoform II by MPA increased 5.4-fold as the concentration of HSA added to the enzyme reaction mixture increased from 0 to 50 g/L (0-724 mumol/L). Furthermore, the IC50 MPA concentration for phytohemagglutinin A-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased 4.8-fold when incubations were performed in the presence of 10 g/L (145 mumol/L) HSA vs no added HSA. These data support the hypothesis that the pharmacological activity of MPA is a function of unbound drug concentration.
A Modular Synthesis of the Lamellarins:  Total Synthesis of Lamellarin G Trimethyl Ether (2004)

A modular synthesis of the lamellarin family of natural products has been developed that is based on the application of three iterative halogenation/cross-coupling reaction sequences. The ability to halogenate the pyrrole core in a regioselective fashion, even in the presence of highly electron-rich aryl substituents, has been established. The compatibility of Suzuki coupling conditions with free alcohols and phenols in the boronic acids has been employed to reduce the number of protection/deprotection steps. Indeed, the presence of a free phenol on boronic acid 3 has been determined to be critical for the successful final coupling in route to lamellarin G trimethyl ether, since protected versions fail to undergo coupling.
Miniature focal plane mass spectrometer with 1000-pixel modified-CCD detector array for direct ion measurement (2005)

A high performance, focal plane miniature mass spectrometer (MMS) of Mattauch–Herzog geometry with a CCD-based array detector for the direct and simultaneous measurements of different mass ions is described. Miniaturization (10cm×5cm×5cm,395g) was accomplished by using high-energy-product magnet material (Nd–B–Fe alloy) and a high permeability yoke material (V–Co–Fe Alloy) for the fabrication of the magnetic sector. The electrostatic sector was machined from a single piece of machinable ceramic (MACOR). All the components of the analyzer are mounted on a single plate, which facilitate their alignment and make the instrument rugged. The modified-CCD based ion detector array has 1000 elements (20μm×2mm) and was invented in our laboratory. The photosensitive part of the CCD was replaced with a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor for ion detection. The ion sensing capacitor plates are connected to the CCD gates that are operated in the fill-and spill mode providing a gain in the charge domain for the signal ions and minimizing various noises during measurements. The results reported in this article are the first application of this detector array for direct ion measurement and successfully prove the new technology. The MMS with the array detector can measure masses up to 250u with a unit mass resolution and expected to possess a sensitivity of detecting ∼5ions. The above attributes make MMS suitable for space applications for isotopic and chemical analysis and also for field applications on earth.
Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Short-Term Risk of Stroke (2015)

In this population with continuous heart rhythm recording, multiple hours of AF had a strong but transient effect raising stroke risk.
Topical application of rapamycin ointment ameliorates <i>Dermatophagoides farina</i> body extract‐induced atopic dermatitis in <scp>NC</scp>/Nga mice (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by relapsing eczema and intense prurigo, requires effective and safe pharmacological therapy. Recently, rapamycin, an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, has been reported to play a critical role in immune responses and has emerged as an effective immunosuppressive drug. In this study, we assessed whether inhibition of mTOR signalling could suppress dermatitis in mice. Rapamycin was topically applied to inflamed skin in a murine AD model that was developed by repeated topical application of Dermatophagoides farina body (Dfb) extract antigen twice weekly for 7 weeks in NC/Nga mice. The efficacy of topical rapamycin treatment was evaluated immunologically and serologically. Topical application of rapamycin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, alleviated the increase of serum IgE levels and resulted in a significant reduction in clinical skin condition score and marked improvement of histological findings. In addition, increased mTOR phosphorylation in the lesional skin was observed in our murine AD model. Topical application of rapamycin ointment inhibited Dfb antigen-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, promising a new therapy for atopic dermatitis.
The CAA Doppler Omnirange (1959)

This paper describes a VHF omnirange, the operation of which is based upon an application of the Doppler effect. Progress in the development of a Doppler VOR is outlined. The Doppler VOR has a measured 7-to-1 improvement with respect to siting effects when compared to the conventional four-loop VHF omnirange. The wave transmitted by the Doppler VOR is horizontally polarized. The unique interchange in the functions of the 30-cps amplitude modulation and the 30-cps frequency modulation of a 9.96-kc subcarrier is described. The Doppler VOR is shown to be compatible with present VHF omnirange receiving equipment. The results reported in this paper were obtained by experimentation and mathematical analysis.
An Improved Operating Mode for a Si(Li) X-Ray Spectrometer (1989)

A new technique has been developed for restoring the charge to the feedback capacitor in charge sensitive preamplifiers. The method, termed transient-reset,'' was developed for use in very low noise Si(Li) X-ray spectrometers. It has proved valuable as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the noise components of the input in these systems. The technique is described and compared with the pulsed- light and transistor-reset methods. To complement the charge restoration technique, a new configuration of Si(Li) X-ray detector with a very thin aluminum entrance window has been developed. Measurements of the effective window thickness are compared with similar results obtained on gold, nickel, and ion-implanted boron contacts. 10 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of oral pirfenidone for treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (2005)

Currently, there are no approved treatments for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) that stabilize or reverse the neurological disabilities associated with this disease. Oral pirfenidone was found to stabilize and overcome the disabilities in two published independent open-label studies in secondary progressive MS. This led us to study pirfenidone in a phase II double-blind, randomized and controlled, clinical trial in patients with advanced secondary progressive MS for 12 months. Forty-three patients met the eligibility criteria approved by the IRB and accepted by the FDA. Of these patients, 18 were randomly assigned to placebo and 25 patients to oral pirfenidone groups. All eligible patients were included in the statistical analysis of the data according to intention-to-treat principles. Some patients on oral pirfenidone manifested mild drug-related adverse effects, but it was well tolerated overall. By one month, pirfenidone significantly (P < 0.05) improved the Scripps Neurological Rating Scale (SNRS) scores, and scores remained significantly improved for 3, 6 and 12 months when compared to the baseline SNRS scores. In contrast, the SNRS scores of patients on oral placebo were not significantly improved at 1, 3, 6 or 12 months of the study, when compared with baseline scores. Oral pirfenidone significantly (P <0.04) reduced the incidence of relapses (27.8% on placebo versus 8.0% on pirfenidone). Furthermore, oral pirfenidone treatment was associated with a marked improvement in bladder dysfunction (40.0% on pirfenidone versus 16.7% on placebo). Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and MRI lesion count were not significantly different in the placebo and pirfenidone groups. These findings indicate a significant effect of pirfenidone on clinical disability and bladder function for secondary progressive MS patients. A major multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial is justified.
Do statins have a role in preventing or treating sepsis? (2006)

Statins have a variety of properties that are independent of their lipid lowering ability. These anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiapoptotic features have been collectively referred to as pleiotropic effects. Severe sepsis is an intense infection-induced inflammatory syndrome that ultimately results in organ dysfunction. Because so many cascades are triggered during sepsis, merely blocking a single component may be insufficient to arrest the inflammatory process. A growing body of evidence suggests that statins may indeed have a protective effect against severe sepsis and reduce the rate of infection-related mortality. This novel primary prevention concept may have far-reaching implications for the future management of serious infections. Moreover, it was recently shown that statins potentially improve outcome after the onset of sepsis. The stage is now set for randomized clinical trials that will determine the precise role, if any, that statins may have in preventing and treating sepsis.
Intracavity Optogalvanic Spectroscopy. An Analytical Technique for <sup>14</sup>C Analysis with Subattomole Sensitivity (2008)

We show a new ultrasensitive laser-based analytical technique, intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy, allowing extremely high sensitivity for detection of (14)C-labeled carbon dioxide. Capable of replacing large accelerator mass spectrometers, the technique quantifies attomoles of (14)C in submicrogram samples. Based on the specificity of narrow laser resonances coupled with the sensitivity provided by standing waves in an optical cavity and detection via impedance variations, limits of detection near 10(-15) (14)C/(12)C ratios are obtained. Using a 15-W (14)CO2 laser, a linear calibration with samples from 10(-15) to >1.5 x 10(-12) in (14)C/(12)C ratios, as determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, is demonstrated. Possible applications include microdosing studies in drug development, individualized subtherapeutic tests of drug metabolism, carbon dating and real time monitoring of atmospheric radiocarbon. The method can also be applied to detection of other trace entities.
Inhibition of Oxide Formation on Aluminum Nanoparticles by Transition Metal Coating (2005)

Nanometer-sized aluminum powder was synthesized by thermal decomposition of an alane solution in the presence of a titanium catalyst under an inert atmosphere. The resulting material, formally devoid of an oxide layer, was used to reduce complexes of gold, nickel, palladium, and silver. The reduction process yielded materials that contained the transition metal at a level between 1 and 3 atom % on a metals basis, as determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. After exposure to air at ambient conditions, the transition metal treated aluminum materials were found to contain less aluminum oxide than an aluminum sample that was not treated with a transition metal. The nickel treated sample contained as much or more metallic aluminum as the untreated aluminum sample, indicating that the passivating layer in the nickel treated aluminum was highly efficient at protecting the underlying aluminum.
Molecular evidence for the presence of chlamydia in the synovium of patients with reiter's syndrome (1992)

The detection of chlamydial RNA, in combination with previous findings of chlamydia-like particles and/or chlamydial antigens in the synovium of RS patients, suggests that whole bacterial cells are present in that tissue.
Single-Step Conjugation of Antibodies to Quantum Dots for Labeling Cell Surface Receptors in Mammalian Cells (2011)

Labeling of cell surface receptors in living cells can be achieved using antibody-conjugated semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The inherent photostable property of QDs can be exploited for understanding the arrangement and distribution of receptors in the plasma membrane. We describe herein methods that allow conjugation of antibodies to QDs in a single step without the formation of side products. This protocol can be adapted universally for any type of QD structure with a coating of free amino groups.