gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic Integration and Structure Change in Stock Market Dependence: Empirical Evidences of CEPA (2014)

This study investigates dependence structure changes between the Hong Kong and Chinese stock markets as a result of the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). Four copulas, Gaussian, student t, Gumbel, and Clayton are used to search for unknown dependence structure changes. This study presents two main findings. First, the dependence between the Hong Kong and Chinese stock markets increased significantly following the structure change that occurred on February2, 2005, about one year after CEPA took effect. Second, the distribution of dependence structure altered from Gumbel copula before the structure change to t copula after the structure change. CEPAâ€™s effects not only changed the dependence parameters but also changed the dependence structureâ€™s distribution.
Pilot-tone based optical-path supervisory schemeforoptical cross-connects (1999)

A real-time optical-path supervisory scheme for optical cross-connects (OXCs) is demonstrated with pilot tones as channel IDs. Routing errors can be detected by comparing the channel ID with the stored routing information. Gain-saturated erbium-doped fibre amplifiers are used for ID removal.
3D depth measurement by phase shifting method using multiple projection and omni-directional cameras (2009)

We discuss surrounding depth measurement method using omni-directional cameras and projectors. In this paper, we use two omni-directional cameras to take images of patterns, and estimate distances from cameras to objects by the stereo method. As the pattern for projection to distiguish corresponding points between cameras, we employ the phase shifting method, because this method can obtain corresponding points with high resolution. We also discuss methods to correct coordinates of corresponding points caused by properties of omni-directional cameras. As results of experiments, we can show effectiveness of proposed method by measuring 3D depth.
250 kW flywheel with HTS magnetic bearing for industrial use (2008)

A 250 kW / 5 kWh engineering prototype Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) was designed, fabricated and component tested by Adelwitz Technologiezentrum GmbH (ATZ) and L-3 Communications Magnet - Motor GmbH (MM). A heavy - load vertical 0.6 ton rotor is suspended totally magnetically by an HTS radial-passive bearing on the top together with a PM bearing at the bottom. Further features are the flywheel rotor body which is manufactured from carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) in a multi-rim version and combined with an integrated high-power motor/generator. A 35 W/77 K single- stage Gifford McMahon cryo-cooler is cooling the HTS bearing to a temperature of 45 - 60 K. Functionality and efficiency of the magnetic bearing configurations, rotor control concepts and motor / generator power electric system is considered and established. Bearing stiffness parameters, damping performance, and rotational friction are measured. Testing of further components under vacuum conditions confirmed that low bearing drag and wear- free operation can be attained. The motor-generator operates with a power in excess of 250 kW and an efficiency of > 92%, including the losses of the inverters. A redundant mechanical touchdown bearing system can be activated to restore the rotor position. The separately tested flywheel components are now in the assembling status expecting first machine tests in November 2007. After studying and measuring all FESS parameters in -house the dynamical storage device will be tested in a German E.ON power station under industrial conditions.
Sonodynamic therapy of cancer using novel sonosensitizers. (2007)

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of cancer is based on preferential uptake and/or retention of a sonosensitizing drug (sonosensitizer) in tumor tissues and subsequent activation of the drug by ultrasound irradiation. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply into tissues and can be focused into a small region of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer. This is a unique advantage in the non-invasive treatment of nonsuperficial tumors when compared to laser light used for photodynamic therapy. Recently, it has been found that photochemically active porphyrins also show significant antitumor effects when activated with ultrasound. The mechanism of sonodynamic action has been suggested to involve photoexcitation of the sensitizer by sonoluminescent light, with subsequent formation of singlet oxygen. This mini-review provides a brief overview of the following four sonosensitizers useful in SDT: i) a homogeneous complex of oligomers of hematoporphyrin, Photofrin II; ii) a gallium porphyrin complex, ATX-70; iii) a hydrophilic chlorin derivative, A7X-S10, and iv) a novel porphyrin derivative devoid of photosensitivity, DCPH-P-Na (I).
A Model-Based Approach to Multiresolution Fusion in Remotely Sensed Images (2006)

In this paper, a model-based approach to multiresolution fusion of remotely sensed images is presented. Given a high spatial resolution panchromatic (Pan) image and a lowspatial resolution multispectral (MS) image acquired on the same geographical area, the presented method aims to enhance the spatial resolution of the MS image to the resolution of the Pan observation. The proposed fusion technique utilizes the spatial correlation of each of the high-resolution MS channels by using an autoregressive (AR) model, whose parameters are learnt from the analysis of the Pan data. Under the assumption that the parameters of the AR model for the Pan image are the same as those that represent the MS images due to spectral correlation, the proposed technique exploits the learnt parameter values in the context of a proper regularization technique to estimate the high spatial resolution fields for the MS bands. This results in a combination of the spectral characteristics of the low-resolution MS data with the high spatial resolution of the Pan image. The main advantages of the proposed technique are: 1) unlike standard methods proposed in the literature, it requires no registration between the Pan and the MS images; 2) it models effectively the texture of the scene during the fusion process; 3) it shows very small spectral distortion (as it is less affected, compared to standard methods, by the specific digital numbers of pixels in the Pan image, since it exploits the learnt parameters from the Pan image rather than the actual Pan digital numbers for fusion); and 4) it can be used in critical situations in which the Pan and the MS images are acquired (also by different sensors) in slightly different areas. Quantitative experimental results obtained using Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Quickbird images point out the effectiveness of the proposed method
The Engineered Chloroplast Genome Just Got Smarter (2015)

Chloroplasts are known to sustain life on earth by providing food, fuel and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. However, the chloroplast genome has also been smartly engineered to confer valuable agronomic traits and/or serve as bioreactors for production of industrial enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, bio-products or vaccines. The recent breakthrough in hyper-expression of biopharmaceuticals in edible leaves has facilitated the advancement to clinical studies by major pharmaceutical companies. This review critically evaluates progress in developing new tools to enhance or simplify expression of targeted genes in chloroplasts. These tools hold the promise to further the development of novel fuels and products, enhance the photosynthetic process, and increase our understanding of retrograde signaling and cellular processes.
Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative heparin binding domain of avian lipoprotein lipase. (1993)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) binds to heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We have employed site-directed mutagenesis to dissect one of the proposed heparin binding domains of avian LPL, which contains the sequence Arg-Lys-Asn-Arg (amino acids 281-284). Various single, double, and triple mutants of chicken LPL were constructed in order to alter the positive charge of this region. The mutant and wild-type cDNAs were subcloned into an expression vector, pRc/CMV, and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In general, the LPL mutants with a decrease in regional positive charge showed a decrease in affinity for heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The greatest effect was seen with the triple mutant, LPL 5G, in which all of the positively charged amino acids were altered to neutral residues. On a heparin-Sepharose column, LPL 5G eluted at 0.96 M NaCl compared with 1.35 M for wild-type LPL. This mutant also had the lowest specific activity with 1.5 mu eq fatty acid/micrograms/h for the cell-associated pool and with no detectable activity in the media. Wild-type cells, however, produced a lipase with a specific activity of 12.4 and 13.1 mu eq fatty acid/micrograms/h for cell-associated and media lipase pools, respectively. LPL 5G also showed a decrease in affinity for the heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface of Chinese hamster ovary cells. In conclusion, the region of avian LPL between Arg281 and Arg284 does appear to be involved in heparin-binding; however, additional regions must be involved since binding was not completely abolished. In addition, specific activity of the cell-associated and secreted LPL is correlated to affinity of the enzyme for heparan sulfate chains.
Achieving Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility in Two-Dimensional Hole Gas of Black Phosphorus (2016)

We demonstrate that a field-effect transistor (FET) made of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in vacuum exhibits a room-temperature hole mobility of 5200 cm<sup>2</sup>/(Vs), being limited just by the phonon scattering. At cryogenic temperatures, the FET mobility increases up to 45 000 cm<sup>2</sup>/(Vs), which is five times higher compared to the mobility obtained in earlier reports. The unprecedentedly clean h-BN-BP-h-BN heterostructure exhibits Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and a quantum Hall effect with Landau level (LL) filling factors down to v = 2 in conventional laboratory magnetic fields. Moreover, carrier density independent effective mass of m<sup>*</sup> = 0.26 m<sub>0</sub> is measured, and a Landé g-factor of g = 2.47 is reported. Furthermore, an indication for a distinct hole transport behavior with up- and down-spin orientations is found.
Pregnancy-specific protein B, progesterone concentrations and embryonic mortality during early pregnancy in dairy cows (1988)

Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) and progesterone concentrations were determined by RIAs in venous plasma during early pregnancy after 177 artificial inseminations (AI) performed in 76 cows and 71 heifers. The females were bled at 24, 26, 30-35 days and approximately 70 days (for non-returns to oestrus) after AI. In non-pregnant females without extended CL maintenance (progesterone less than 1.5 ng/ml on Day 24) and or showing a normal time of return to oestrus (Group 1, N = 63), PSPB concentrations were undetectable whatever the stage after AI except in 2 cows. In pregnant animals (N = 83; Group 2) progesterone concentrations were greater than 10 ng/ml from Day 24 to the time of rectal palpation and PSPB concentrations rose continuously from 0.42 +/- 0.07 (s.e.m.) ng/ml (Day 24) to 4.06 +/- 0.3 ng/ml (time of rectal palpation). No coefficient of correlation between PSPB and progesterone concentrations was significant whatever the day of gestation studied. In cows with extended luteal function and subsequently found to be non-pregnant (late embryonic mortality) PSPB was undetectable (N = 21; Group 3) or detectable (N = 10; Group 4) at Days 24, 26 and/or 30-35 of pregnancy. At 24 and 26 days after AI progesterone concentrations were intermediate between those of Groups 1 and 2. At Day 24 females of Group 4 had higher progesterone concentrations than those of Group 3 (P less than 0.05), but no differences between these two groups existed at subsequent stages after AI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Analogue (I) of the Antithrombin‐Binding Region of Heparin Containing α‐L‐Idopyranose (1988)

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 13 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Analogue (I) of the Antithrombin-Binding Region of Heparin Containing α-L-Idopyranose S. F. VAN AELST, S. F. VAN AELST Sci. Dev. Group, Organon Int. BV, NL-5340 BH Oss, Neth.Search for more papers by this authorC. A. A. VAN BOECKEL, C. A. A. VAN BOECKEL Sci. Dev. Group, Organon Int. BV, NL-5340 BH Oss, Neth.Search for more papers by this author S. F. VAN AELST, S. F. VAN AELST Sci. Dev. Group, Organon Int. BV, NL-5340 BH Oss, Neth.Search for more papers by this authorC. A. A. VAN BOECKEL, C. A. A. VAN BOECKEL Sci. Dev. Group, Organon Int. BV, NL-5340 BH Oss, Neth.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 29, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198813359Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue13March 29, 1988 RelatedInformation
Bacterial Invasion Augments Epithelial Cytokine Responses to <i>Escherichia coli</i> Through a Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Mechanism (2001)

One mechanism of initiating innate host defenses against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the production of cytokines by bladder epithelial cells; however, the means by which these cells recognize bacterial pathogens is poorly understood. Type 1 pili, expressed by the majority of UPEC, have been shown to have a critical role in inducing the expression of IL-6 in bladder epithelial cells after exposure to E. coli. In this study, we demonstrate that type 1 pili are not sufficient to activate IL-6 production by bladder epithelial cells. Instead, it was shown that bacterial invasion mediated by type 1 pili augments bladder epithelial responses to E. coli via an LPS-dependent mechanism, leading to the production of IL-6. RNA transcripts for the LPSR Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was detected in cultured bladder epithelial cells. The in vivo role of TLR4 was assessed using C3H/HeJ mice, which express a dominant negative form of TLR4. After infection with UPEC, C3H/HeJ mice have large foci of intracellular bacteria that persist within the bladder epithelium in the absence of any notable inflammatory response. These results indicate that LPS is required for bacterial invasion to enhance host responses to E. coli within the bladder.
Bifurcation stenting: current strategies and new devices (2008)

Based on the results of numerous randomised trials, the provisional approach of implanting one stent on the main branch has become the default approach to most bifurcation lesions. However, bifurcation intervention still remains technically challenging. Dedicated bifurcation stents have been designed to specifically treat coronary bifurcations with the aim of dealing with some of the shortcomings of the conventional percutaneous approach to bifurcation intervention. Most of the devices are aimed at facilitating the provisional approach. They are an exciting and innovative technology that may further simplify the management and current approach to bifurcation treatment. Currently, 11 devices are available that have either completed or are currently undergoing First-In-Man trials. The development of more drug-eluting platforms and larger studies with control groups demonstrating their clinical applicability, efficacy and safety are required before they are widely incorporated into daily practice.
Enzymatic ω-Oxidation (1972)

Abstract DPNH-rubredoxin reductase, a flavoprotein which functions as an electron carrier in an enzyme system from Pseudomonas oleovorans capable of hydroxylating fatty acids and hydrocarbons, has been isolated in homogeneous form. The apparent molecular weight is 55,000 as judged by sedimentation and diffusion measurements; a similar result was obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol, thereby suggesting the presence of a single polypeptide chain. FAD was identified as the prosthetic group and was shown to be present in the amount of 1 mole per mole of enzyme. The oxidized protein has absorption maxima at 450, 378, and 272 nm, with an A272:A450 ratio of 6.6 and a molar extinction coefficient at 450 nm of 11.0 x 103. The spectrum is that of a flavoprotein apparently free of other prosthetic groups. Metals could not be detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The amino acid composition shows a high content of hydrophobic residues, particularly leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The purified enzyme catalyzes the rubredoxin-dependent reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of DPNH and also exhibits diaphorase activity toward ferricyanide.
Bacterial Amyloid and DNA are Important Constituents of Senile Plaques: Further Evidence of the Spirochetal and Biofilm Nature of Senile Plaques (2016)

It has long been known that spirochetes form clumps or micro colonies in vitro and in vivo. Cortical spirochetal colonies in syphilitic dementia were considered as reproductive centers for spirochetes. Historic and recent data demonstrate that senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are made up by spirochetes. Spirochetes, are able to form biofilm in vitro. Senile plaques are also reported to contain elements of biofilm constituents. We expected that AβPP and Aβ (the main components of senile plaques) also occur in pure spirochetal biofilms, and bacterial DNA (an important component of biofilm) is also present in senile plaques. Histochemical, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques and the TUNEL assay were used to answer these questions. The results obtained demonstrate that Aβ and DNA, including spirochete-specific DNA, are key components of both pure spirochetal biofilms and senile plaques in AD and confirm the biofilm nature of senile plaques. These results validate validate previous observations that AβPP and/or an AβPP-like amyloidogenic protein are an integral part of spirochetes, and indicate that bacterial and host derived Aβ are both constituents of senile plaques. DNA fragmentation in senile plaques further confirms their bacterial nature and provides biochemical evidence for spirochetal cell death. Spirochetes evade host defenses, locate intracellularly, form more resistant atypical forms and notably biofilms, which contribute to sustain chronic infection and inflammation and explain the slowly progressive course of dementia in AD. To consider co-infecting microorganisms is equally important, as multi-species biofilms result in a higher resistance to treatments and a more severe dementia.
Acoustic slow waves and the consolidation transition (1982)

We have investigated the ultrasonic properties of unconsolidated (loose) glass beads and of lightly fused (consolidated) glass beads when the pore space is saturated with water. At a frequency of 500 kHz we have observed a single compressional wave in the former whose speed is 1.79 km/s and two distinct compressional waves with speeds 2.81 km/s and 0.96 km/s in the latter. The Biot theory is shown to give an accurate description of this phenomenon. We also analyze the acoustics of low temperature He ii in packed powder superleaks; either the fast wave for unconsolidated systems or the slow wave in a highly consolidated (fused) frame may be considered to be the 4th sound mode. In all such systems, the acoustic properties can be very simply understood by considering the velocities of propagation as continuous functions of the elastic moduli of the solid skeletal frames.
Virtualized Listening Tests for Loudspeakers (2009)

The precise location of a loudspeaker in a listening room is known to affect loudspeaker preference ratings. When multiple loudspeakers are compared, the evaluation is limited by the poor human auditory memory. To overcome these problems, a method to evaluate and compare loudspeakers using headphones is proposed. The method utilizes personal headrelated transfer functions in rendering the sound field recorded in a standard listening room with an artificial head. The equalization of circumaural headphones and the artifical-head responses for individual listeners are investigated. Formal listening tests are conducted to examine differences between the proposed binaural method and real loudspeakers in a standard listening room. Listening tests show that the virtualized loudspeakers can be nearly imperceptible from reality in many but not all cases.
A segmented gray code for low-power microcontroller address buses (1999)

The paper presents a novel approach to using the switching activity enhancements of a gray code on high capacitive microcontroller address lines. A novel segmented gray code is introduced that overcomes the exploding complexity disadvantage of higher bit width gray code incrementers compared to binary counters, by breaking down the global scope of the common gray code. A method is developed to evaluate all possible 4 bit gray codes by performing a synthesis of an incrementer for each of the 2687 valid codes. Resulting from this evaluation, a gray code is presented for which the area and power consumption of its incrementer is smaller than for a binary counter. This code, combined with the concept of the segmented gray code, used for a microprocessor program counter, leads to a decrease of the switching activity on the address bus by 25-30% as well as a decrease in the area and power consumption of the program counter by about 10%. Further, some considerations are given about branches, displacements and indexed addressing in a microprocessor architecture that intends to implement the presented segmented gray code program counter.
Integrated chassis control system to enhance vehicle stability (2000)

Vehicle stability enhancement system, by controlling vehicle dynamics, is the latest active safety technology introduced since Antilock Brake System (ABS) and Traction Control System (TCS). This system provides the driver with enhanced vehicle stability and handling. It is the intent of this paper to provide an understanding of the fundamentals of control of vehicle stability. The paper describes a complete stability control algorithm. Starting with a model for the vehicle yaw-plane dynamics, we derive a desired vehicle response, using both time-domain and frequency-domain approaches. Control structures include both yaw rate feedback design, and full-state feedback design. The latter approach requires the estimation of vehicle side-slip velocity. Estimations based on integration of lateral acceleration, the use of algebraic equation using vehicle kinematics, and the use of a Luenberger observer are presented. Computation of the required wheel differential velocity to achieve control objectives is described. Finally, computer simulation is used to investigate and confirm the concepts being discussed.