gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acquisition and analysis of compromised firmware using memory forensics (2015)

To a great degree, research in memory forensics concentrates on the acquisition and analysis of kernel- and user-space software from physical memory to date. With the system firmware, a much more privileged software layer exists in modern computer systems though that has recently become the target in sophisticated computer attacks more often. Compromise strategies used by high profile rootkits are almost completely invisible to standard forensic procedures and can only be detected with special soft- or hardware mechanisms. In this paper, we illustrate a variety of firmware manipulation techniques and propose methods for identifying firmware-level threats in the course of memory forensic investigations. We have implemented our insights into well-known open-source memory forensic tools and have evaluated our approach within both physical and virtual environments.
Developing collaborative applications using the World Wide Web "Shell" (1997)

The World Wide Web is often viewed as the latest and most user friendly way of providing information over the Internet (i.e., server of documents). It is not customarily viewed as a platform for developing and deploying applications. In this tutorial, we introduce and demonstrate how Web technologies can be used in combination with Web browsers to design, create, distribute and execute collaborative applications. We discuss how HTML in combination with CGI scripts, JavaScript, and Java can be used to develop interactive and collaborative applications. We discuss recent extensions and additions that support sophisticated application development as well as the constraints with the WWW 'Shell' approach. The term World Wide Web 'Shell' is used in a manner analogous to the use of the term Expert System Shell. Specifically, the components of the WWW provide basic functionality and services for developing application in much the same way as an expert system shell provides components for developing expert system applications.
Polyphosphoprotein from the Adhesive Pads of <i>Mytilus edulis</i> (2001)

Achieving a satisfactory biochemical explanation for the opportunistic underwater adhesion of marine invertebrates such as mussels and barnacles requires a detailed characterization of proteins extracted from holdfast structures produced by these organisms. Mefp-5 is an adhesive protein derived from the foot of the common mussel, Mytilus edulis, and deposited into the byssal attachment pads. Purification and primary structure of mefp-5 was determined by peptide mapping and cDNA sequencing. The protein is 74 residues long and has a mass of about 9500 Da. Mefp-5 composition shows a strong amino acid bias: aromatic amino acids, lysine, and glycine represent 65 mol % of the composition. More than a third of all the residues in the protein are posttranslationally modified by hydroxylation or phosphorylation. The conversion of tyrosine to 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (DOPA) and serine to O-phosphoserine accounts for the hydroxylation and phosphorylation, respectively. Neither modification is complete since variations in the extent of phosphorylation and hydroxylation can be detected by mass spectrometry. More than 75% of the DOPA is adjacent to basic residues, e.g., Lys-DOPA and DOPA-Lys. Phosphoserine occurs in sequences strikingly reminiscent of acidic mineral-binding motifs that appear in statherin, osteopontin, and others. This may be an adaptation for adhesion to the most common substrata for mussels, i.e., calcareous materials.
Fracture toughness of titanium&ndash;cement interfaces: effects of fibers and loading angles (2014)

Ideal implant-cement or implant-bone interfaces are required for implant fixation and the filling of tissue defects created by disease. Micron- to nanosize osseointegrated features, such as surface roughness, fibers, porosity, and particles, have been fused with implants for improving the osseointegration of an implant with the host tissue in orthopedics and dentistry. The effects of fibers and loading angles on the interface fracture toughness of implant-cement specimens with and without fibers at the interface are not yet known. Such studies are important for the design of a long-lasting implant for orthopedic applications. The goal of this study was to improve the fracture toughness of an implant-cement interface by deposition of micron- to nanosize fibers on an implant surface. There were two objectives in the study: 1) to evaluate the influence of fibers on the fracture toughness of implant-cement interfaces with and without fibers at the interfaces, and 2) to evaluate the influence of loading angles on implant-cement interfaces with and without fibers at the interfaces. This study used titanium as the implant, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as cement, and polycaprolactone (PCL) as fiber materials. An electrospinning unit was fabricated for the deposition of PCL unidirectional fibers on titanium (Ti) plates. The Evex tensile test stage was used to determine the interface fracture toughness (KC) of Ti-PMMA with and without PCL fibers at 0°, 45°, and 90° loading angles, referred to in this article as tension, mixed, and shear tests. The study did not find any significant interaction between fiber and loading angles (P>0.05), although there was a significant difference in the KC means of Ti-PMMA samples for the loading angles (P<0.05). The study also found a significant difference in the KC means of Ti-PMMA samples with and without fibers (P<0.05). The results showed that the addition of the micron- to nanosize PCL fibers on Ti improved the quality of the Ti-PMMA union. The results of the study are essential for fatigue testing and finite-element analysis of implant-cement interfaces to evaluate the performance of orthopedic and orthodontic implants.
Functional Properties of Novel Metallic Hard Masks (2013)

Hard masks play an important role in pattern transfer to the desired substrate in the semiconductor lithography processes. Organic and inorganic type hard masks are used. While most organic hard masks such as carbon and siloxane type are solution spin coated, inorganic type hard masks such as SiON and SiN are either chemical vapor deposited (CVD) or atomic layer deposited (ALD). Future generation of lithography processes require hard masks with higher resistance to fluorinated plasma and materials that can be easily wet stripped after pattern transfer process to prevent dry etch damage to the substrate underneath.The present paper describes formation and functional properties of novel metal oxide hard masks by simple solution spin coating process. These novel metal oxide hard masks offer good etch selectivity and can easily be partially or fully wet strippable using commonly used chemicals in the FABs. The spin coatable composition has good long-term shelf life and pot life stability based on solution LPC analysis and wafer defect studies. The hard mask material absorbs DUV wavelengths and can be used as a spin-on inorganic or hybrid antireflective coating to control substrate reflectivity under DUV exposure of photoresist. At the same time they are transparent at 500-700nm for alignment mark identification and can be spin coatable up to 450nm thickness with good film quality. Some of these metal-containing materials can be used as an underlayer in EUV lithography to significantly enhance sensitivity of the photoresist. Specific metal hard masks are also developed for via or trench filling applications in IRT processes. The materials have shown good coating and lithography performance with a film thicknesses as low as 10 nm under ArF dry or immersion conditions.
The design, implementation, and evaluation of an object-based sharing mechanism for federated database systems (2002)

An approach and mechanism to support the sharing of objects are described, an experimental implementation is presented, and the performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. The mechanism is based on a core set of constructs that characterize object-based database systems. The approach provides a basis for controlled sharing in a heterogeneous database environment, using a kernel object-base model as an intercomponent exchange forum. A major goal is to make the importation of nonlocal information as transparent to a component as possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antisense suppression of proline-directed protein kinase FA enhances chemosensitivity in human prostate cancer cells. (2000)

Initial clinic studies revealed that proline-directed protein kinase FA (PDPK FA) is overexpressed manyfold in various human cancerous tissues relative to the normal control. However, the role of overexpressed PDPK FA in cancers remains unknown and needs to be established. To determine whether PDPK FA is associated with drug sensitivity, we investigated the effects of partial inhibition of this kinase on the human prostate carcinoma cell line (PC-3). PDPK FA antisense expression vector and its specific antibody were successfully developed. Two stable transfected antisense clones (PA7 and PA3) of human prostate carcinoma cell were subcloned, and they expressed approximately 75% and approximately 35% of the total PDPK FA existing in the control-transfected clone as determined by both immunoprecipitate activity assay and immunoblot analysis. In sharp contrast, the PDPK FA antisense clones expressed no significant suppression of any other related proline-directed protein kinase member expression, demonstrating the specificity of these two antisense clones. When compared with parental or control-transfected cells, the low-PDPK FA-expressing antisense clones displayed an enhanced sensitivity to carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and hydroxyurea. Estimation of the IC50 index further revealed that the antisense clones displayed up to > 100-fold drug sensitivity, and there was a correlation between suppressed levels of PDPK FA and drug sensitivity. Taken together, the results demonstrate that specific antisense suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA in human prostate cancer cells is sufficient to enhance various drug sensitivity, indicating that PDPK FA is an important regulator in controlling multiple drug resistance of human prostate cancer cells.
South Australia’s Contribution to 1000 Teachers by 1990 - - New Targets for the Year 2000? (1991)

Preparation and support programs for teacher trainees were instituted in South Australia in 1978. By that time, only thirteen Aboriginal/Islander people had ever graduated as teachers in South Australia. Since that time, and by the end of this year, over one hundred awards will have been completed in South Australia, eighty percent by people who had been prepared and enrolled through special entry preparation and support programs such as ATEP (Aboriginal Teacher Education Program) at Underdale and the Magill Early Childhood Education Program. Graduates now work across the range from pre-school to tertiary education. Around seventy percent of graduates are in classrooms, with another fifteen percent otherwise involved in education. Very few, if any, are employed.
Dual Attention Multiple Instance Learning with Unsupervised Complementary Loss for COVID-19 Screening (2020)

Abstract Chest computed tomography (CT) based analysis and diagnosis of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) plays a key role in combating the outbreak of the pandemic that has rapidly spread worldwide. To date, the disease has infected more than 18 million people with over 690k deaths reported. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) is the current gold standard for clinical diagnosis but may produce false positives; thus, chest CT based diagnosis is considered more viable. However, accurate screening is challenging due to difficulty in annotation efforts of infected areas, curation of large datasets, and the slight discrepancies between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia. In this study, we propose an attention-based end-to-end weakly supervised framework for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia based on multiple instance learning (MIL). We further incorporate unsupervised contrastive learning for improved accuracy with attention applied both in spatial and latent contexts, herein we propose Dual Attention Contrastive based MIL (D A -CMIL). D A -CMIL takes as input a several patient CT slices (considered as a bag of instances) and outputs a single label. Attention based pooling is applied to implicitly select key slices in latent space, and spatial attention learns slice spatial context for interpretable diagnosis. A contrastive loss is applied at the instance level to encode similarity in features from the same patient against pooled patient features. Empirical results show our algorithm achieves an overall accuracy of 98.6% and an AUC of 98.4%. Moreover, ablation studies show the benefit of contrastive learning with MIL.
Internationalization of knowledge-intensive SMEs: The case of petroleum-related suppliers (2011)

Carlsson, E. & Dale, B. 2011. Internationalization of knowledge-intensive SMEs: The case of petroleum-related suppliers. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift–Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 65, 191–201. ISSN 0029-1951. The internationalization of the knowledge-intensive industries, which predominantly consist of SMEs, has received increased attention recently. However, the existing body of theories of internationalization is not adequate for our understanding of multifaceted knowledge-intensive industries. The authors aim to shed light on knowledge-intensive SMEs’ internationalization and thereafter to illuminate recent theories with a relational perspective on firms and discuss their fruitfulness regarding the internationalization of SMEs of this type. Empirical data are drawn from a case study of 10 Norwegian firms, located in Trondheim, that are connected to the petroleum industry through subcontracting technology and services. The study indicates that the firms based their internationalization processes on a complex mix of modes or strategies, none of which were mutually exclusive. Planned strategies as well as coincidental processes and events seem to have influenced the internationalization decisions. It is argued that in order to understand the contingencies that may affect the process of internationalization, the concept of ‘preactivity’ may be a useful addition to the more well-known concepts of ‘reactive’ and ‘proactive’ strategies. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a relational approach is fruitful in order to understand internationalization processes among knowledge-intensive SMEs.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Differentially Stimulates Ret Mutants Associated with the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Syndromes and Hirschsprung’s Disease<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Ret is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in several neoplastic and developmental diseases affecting the thyroid gland and tissues of neuroectodermal origin. Different ret mutations are associated with different disease phenotypes. Gain-of-function of ret is caused by gene rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas and by point mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A syndrome (MEN2A), in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), and in the more severe MEN2B syndrome. Conversely, Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is associated with loss of function of ret. Recently, it has been shown that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), by binding to the accessory molecule GDNFR-alpha, acts as a functional ligand of Ret and stimulates its tyrosine kinase and biological activity. To ascertain whether the biological effects of ret mutations are modulated by GDNF, we have investigated the responsiveness to GDNF of ret mutants in cell lines coexpressing GDNFR-alpha and MEN2A-, MEN2B-, FMTC-, or HSCR-associated ret mutants. Here, we show that triggering of GDNF affected only ret/MEN2B, i.e. it stimulated ret/MEN2B mitogenic and kinase activities, as well as its ability to phosphorylate Shc, a bona fide Ret substrate. In contrast, ret mutants associated with MEN2A or FMTC (carrying Cys634 or Cys620 mutations) were unresponsive to GDNF. HSCR mutations, by affecting either the extracellular or the intracellular Ret domain, impaired responsiveness to GDNF. These data suggest that the phenotype of human diseases caused by ret mutations can be differentially influenced by GDNF.
INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER FOR DTC CONTROLLED MATRIX CONVERTER CAGE DRIVE SYSTEM (2008)

Matrix converter induction motor drive system operated with a direct torque control (DTC) shows a sluggish response during startup and under changes of torque command. Fuzzy logic is used in conjunction with direct torque control to minimize these problems. A fuzzy logic controller chooses the switching states based on a set of fuzzy variables. Flux position, error in flux magnitude and error in torque are used as fuzzy state variables. Fuzzy rules are determined by observing the vector diagram of flux and currents. The operation of the direct torque controller becomes difficult at low speeds due to the effect of change in stator resistance on the flux measurements. To improve the system performance at low speeds a fuzzy resistance estimator is proposed to eliminate the error due to the change in stator resistance. At constant flux and torque commands any change in stator resistance of the induction machines causes an error in stator current. This error is utilized by the fuzzy resistance estimator to correct the stator resistance used by the controller to match the machine resistance. Both fuzzy controller and fuzzy resistance estimator are implemented using DSP TMS320C6711 for a 3 hp induction motor drive system. Results demonstrate enhanced performance.
FleaNet: A Virtual Market Place on Vehicular Networks (2009)

In this study, we introduce the concept of a virtual ¿flea market¿ over a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) called FleaNet. FleaNet customers express their demands/offers to buy/sell items via radio queries. These queries are opportunistically disseminated, exploiting the mobility of other customers, until a matching customer/vendor is found. We identify the key performance metrics, namely, query resolution latency, scalability, mobility, and churning, and evaluate their impact on performance using analytic and simulation models. The results show that FleaNet can function as an effective virtual marketplace.
Parameters Affecting Screw Pile Capacity Embedded in Soft Clay Overlaying Dense Sandy Soil (2020)

Abstract The screw piles application is constantly increasing due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. Screw piles are supplying stability against compression, overturning moment, uplift tension, and horizontal loads. This investigation presents a set of model experiments performed on single screw pile embedded in soft clay soil over laying a sandy soil loaded in compression, at a constant strain rate. The sandy layer 20 cm thick was compacted in a test container of 30 cm diameter into four sublayers to attain a relative density of 70%. The 30 cm thick soft clay layer with Cu (undrained shear strength) 30 kPa was compacted in six sublayers on the sandy bottom layer. Three different pile length (30, 35 and 40 cm), single and double helix and pile without helix, (3D and 4D) helix diameter, (3 and 5) cm spacing between helix plate are used in this study. The experiment results showed that, the screw piles settlement for piles embedded in soft clay soil overlaying a sandy soil layer decreases (59-182)% with increasing depth of embedment in the sandy layer L/D from 35 to 40, number and diameter of helix those provide anchorage against settlement. The deeper screw piles with higher L/D ratios showed compressive capacity (24-55) times greater than the shallower piles (screw pile embedded in soft clay). In addition, screw piles demonstrated resistance to the applied compressive forces (9-16) times more than ordinary piles. The compressive force increases with rising number and diameters of helix plates.
Inhibition of Smad3 activity by cyclin D-CDK4 and cyclin E-CDK2 in breast cancer cells (2011)

Comment on: Cooley A, et al. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4900–7.
RETRACTED: Secondary siRNAs Result from Unprimed RNA Synthesis and Form a Distinct Class (2006)

In Caenorhabditis elegans, an effective RNA interference (RNAi) response requires the production of secondary short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs). We cloned secondary siRNAs from transgenic C. elegans lines expressing a single 22-nucleotide primary siRNA. Several secondary siRNAs start a few nucleotides downstream of the primary siRNA, indicating that non-RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)-cleaved mRNAs are substrates for secondary siRNA production. In lines expressing primary siRNAs with single-nucleotide mismatches, secondary siRNAs do not carry the mismatch but contain the nucleotide complementary to the mRNA. We infer that RdRPs perform unprimed RNA synthesis. Secondary siRNAs are only of antisense polarity, carry 5' di- or triphosphates, and are only in the minority associated with RDE-1, the RNAi-specific Argonaute protein. Therefore, secondary siRNAs represent a distinct class of small RNAs. Their biogenesis depends on RdRPs, and we propose that each secondary siRNA is an individual RdRP product.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF FUZZY-SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM AND AN OPTIMIZED THREE-DIMENSIONAL FUZZY CARROT-CHASING GUIDANCE ALGORITHM FOR FIXED-WING MAV (2016)

Original Research Paper Received 22 August 2015 Accepted 13 October 2015 Available Online 16 December 2015 Due to the importance of autopilot systems in Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs), in this paper, first, parametric guidance and control systems are designed and are then implemented on simulated nonlinear six-DOF MAV. The control system is fuzzy-supervisory and its gains are optimized using genetic algorithm. For designing the guidance system, first, two-dimensional (constant height) path following algorithms of vector field and carrot-chasing are developed to 3D algorithms. Then, an optimized 3D fuzzy carrot-chasing guidance system is presented using combination of the carrot-chasing geometric algorithm, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm. Augmentation of the fuzzy logic to the carrot-chasing algorithm improves its performance significantly. In any autonomous flight maneuver, guidance and control systems affect the performance of the aircraft, simultaneously. So using similar control system, the performance of the 3D carrot-chasing algorithm, 3D vector ield method, and the proposed 3D fuzzy carrot chasing algorithms are compared with and without applying the wind external disturbance. Results have shown signi icant superiority of the proposed 3D fuzzy carrot-chasing approach in the horizontal plane of motion and the 3D vector ield method in the vertical plane of motion.
Synthesis of<i>N</i>-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl) and<i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Diacetylchitobiosyl) Amides of L-Histidine (1994)

The synthesis of N-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-histidine amide (10) and N-(2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-histidine amide (11) is achieved via coupling of 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosylamine (2) and 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3, 6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosylamine (4), respectively, with N α,N τ-di-Boc-L-histidine (5) in the presence of 2-ethoxy-1-N-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and subsequent deprotection. Compound 11 is an inhibitor of chitinase from the brine shrimp Artemia salina.