gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic jog insertion for 2D mask compaction: a global optimization perspective (2003)

A novel approach is presented to global optimization in 2D symbolic layout compaction based on 'branch and bound' optimization, including automatic overconstraint resolution and jog insertion. The main characteristics are: an efficient generation in 2D of a nearly irredundant set of simple X and Y, diagonal and user constraints; incremental event-driven longest path calculation with positive cycle detection and identification simultaneously in the X and Y constraint graphs; jog insertion based on LP information from both graphs; and incremental update of constraints based on local information within the graphs whenever a diagonal constraint is relaxed or a jog is inserted. As both dimensions are processed concurrently from a global perspective, the method shows promising results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Video Content on Video Quality for Video over Wireless Networks (2009)

Video streaming is a promising multimedia application and is gaining popularity over wireless/mobile communications. The quality of the video depends heavily on the type of content. The aim of the paper is threefold. First, video sequences are classified into groups representing different content types using cluster analysis based on the spatial (edges) and temporal (movement) feature extraction. Second, we conducted experiments to investigate the impact of packet loss on video contents and hence find the threshold in terms of upper, medium and lower quality boundary at which userspsila perception of service quality is acceptable. Finally, to identify the minimum send bitrate to meet quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g. to reach communication quality with mean opinion score (MOS) greater than 3.5) for the different content types over wireless networks. We tested 12 different video clips reflecting different content types. We chose peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and decodable frame rate (Q) as end-to-end video quality metrics and MPEG4 as the video codec. The work should help optimizing bandwidth allocation for specific content in content delivery networks.
A study on anti-tumor immunity induced by gene-modified melanoma B16 cells (2008)

T cell-mediated cell immunity is the main anti-tumor immunity in which the effector T cells need specific antigen and costimulatory signals. One of the vaccines applied in tumor immunotherapy is the gene-modified tumor cell vaccine. One potential method to increase cell epitope density is to link the antigen with the major histcompatibility complex subunit beta2m. Our previous research indicated that the strategy of epitope fusion gene OVA-linker-beta2m can promote the formation of specific compounds on the tumor cell surface in vitro. In this study, we constructed two coexpression vectors pGL3-CD80-OVA-linker-beta2m and pGL3-IL21-OVA-linker-beta2m, in order to explore the cooperative action of CD80 or interleukin-21 (IL21) with the epitope fusion gene in anti-tumor immunity. Results showed that gene-modified B16 cells (B16/OVA, B16/CD80-OVA and B16/IL21-OVA) grew slower than B16 cells in vitro and in vivo, especially the B16/IL21-OVA subline, which illustrated that such gene modification decreased oncogenicity of malignant tumor cells. On the other hand, gene-modified tumor cell subline immunization can induce effective long-term anti-tumor immunity defending tumor cell attacks. IL21 played a more cooperative role with the OVA-linker-beta2m than CD80 in this study. This strategy might lay foundations for the research of a new type of tumor vaccine.
Seroepidemiological study of human herpesvirus-6 and -7 in children of different ages and detection of these two viruses in throat swabs by polymerase chain reaction (1996)

The presence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in throat swabs of 62 children of different age groups (group I, ages 0-5 month; group II, ages 6-11 months, group III, ages 12-23 months, group IV, age 2-8 years) and 28 adults was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The detection rate of HHV-6 DNA was the highest (87%) in children aged 1-year-old and decreased with age, whereas the detection rate of HHV-7 increased with age and reached a maximum in adults. HHV-6B was detected in almost all samples except for two children who secreted only HHV-6A. When the antibody prevalence was determined in the four groups of children, HHV-6 antibody was detected in 8/12 (66.7%), 10/12 (83.3%), 15/16 (93.8%), and 13/14 (92.9%), respectively. Antibody to HHV-7 in these groups was detected in 6/12 (50.0%), 4/12 (33.3%), 12/16 (75.0%), and 13/14 (92.9%), respectively. Detection of HHV-6 DNA in throat swabs of triplets who had the sequential onset of exanthem subitum was attempted by using samples sequentially collected from these children after the onset of the disease in the first patient. HHV-6 DNA with high copy numbers was detectable during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease in all patients, but no DNA was detected in samples collected before the onset of disease.
Genetic manipulation of glycine decarboxylation (2003)

The glycine-serine interconversion, catalysed by glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase, is an important reaction of primary metabolism in all organisms including plants, by providing one-carbon units for many biosynthetic reactions. In plants, in addition, it is an integral part of the photorespiratory metabolic pathway and produces large amounts of photorespiratory CO(2) within mitochondria. Although controversial, there is significant evidence that this process, by the relocation of glycine decarboxylase within the leaves from the mesophyll to the bundle-sheath, contributed to the evolution of C(4) photosynthesis. In this review, some aspects of current knowledge about glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase and the role of these enzymes in metabolism, about the corresponding genes and their expression as well as about mutants and anti-sense plants related to these genes or processes will be summarized and discussed. From a comparison of the available information about the number and organization of GDC and SHMT genes in the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa it appears that these and, possibly, other genes related to photorespiration, are similarly organized even in only very distantly related angiosperms.
Towards a portable assistive arm exoskeleton for stroke patient rehabilitation controlled through a brain computer interface (2012)

Recent research has shown the benefits of using robotic devices to aid in stroke patient rehabilitation. In addition, the use of brain computer interfaces is showing promising applications in both controlling robotic devices and aiding in neural rehabilitation. Unfortunately, traditional rehabilitative devices are cumbersome and are not being used outside the laboratory environment, therefore potentially limiting patient access to these new rehabilitative technologies. This project seeks to address this issue by working toward creating a portable rehabilitative system consisting of an arm exoskeleton controlled by a brain computer interface (BCI). A wireless commercially available BCI system was used (Emotiv EPOC) to actuate the device in a single direction. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the system on four healthy adult volunteers. Results show all users were able to control the device with success rates above chance.
Kubernetes and the path to cloud native (2015)

We are in the midst of an important shift to higher levels of abstraction than virtual machines. Kubernetes aims to simplify the deployment and management of services, including the construction of applications as sets of interacting but independent services. We explain some of the key concepts in Kubernetes and show how they work together to simplify evolution and scaling.
An open service platform and API for network based multimedia bridges (2002)

As point-to-point video communication becomes more widespread there is an increasing need for multipoint/multiparty conferences. Current multipoint systems are typically closed, vertically integrated systems, requiring service providers to use vendor supplied multipoint connection units (MCUs), codecs, and applications. We describe a service platform which allows service providers to create unique, value added services, which utilize multimedia bridges. A feature of these next generation multimedia bridges is that they allow each participant in a multipoint conference to customize the view they receive of the other participants and to choose dynamically which users they see. They also allow users to communicate with different network connectivity and video formats. The service platform C/sup ++/ object oriented API allows service developers to create a variety of applications that leverage the capabilities of the multimedia bridges. The multimedia bridges can be located in the network or be servers within an enterprise network. Some of the services which can be supported by the service platform include multipoint conferencing, distance learning, remote traffic monitoring, surveillance, and telemedicine. The service platform has also been designed to accommodate different network interfaces using a network proxy for each of the supported network environments.
siRNAs specific to key enzymes in the purine salvage pathway retard growth of Toxoplasma gondii (2009)

Adenosine kinase (AK) and hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HXGPRT) are the two key enzymes involved in the purine salvage pathway in T. gondii. We targeted the genes encoding AK and HXGPRT in T. gondii by exposing the parasites to siRNAs encoding part of the coding regions. When 4 μmol/L AK siRNA786 was electroporated into the parasites,the treated parasites exhibited significantly lower AK activity compared with the parasites of the mock was simultaneously targeted electroporation after 24hrs treatment,and the relative values of 3H-adenosine incorporations in parasites decreased to 0.39 ± 0.11. When 4 μmol/L HXGPRT siRNA415 was electroporated into the parasites 24hrs post-infection,the relative value of HXGPRT activity decreased to 0.51±0.03. To observe the effect of siRNA treatment on T. gondii proliferation,the genes encoding AK and HXGPRT in T. gondii by using siRNA. After electroporation with 4μmol/L of AK siRNA786 and HXGPRT siRNA415,the parasites were inoculated onto the HFF monolayer. The average doubling for siRNA-treated,SDZ-treated and mock-treated parasites was 1.64±0.95,1.04±0.88 and 2.32±0.90,respectively,24 hrs post-inoculation. In comparison with mock-treated parasites,the rate of replication for siRNA-treated and SDZ-treated was significantly slowed down(P0.05). At 40hrs after inoculation,the average doubling for siRNA-treated and SDZ-treated was 3.00±1.04 and 2.56±1.04,respectively,and significantly lower than the values (3.60 ± 0.80) obtained from mock-treated parasites at the same time points (P0.05). The data show that transfection of siRNAs into cells can efficiently regulate gene expression in T. gondii. When the genes encoding AK and HXGPRT were inhibited simultaneously using siRNAs,the rate of replication of T. gondii was significantly slowed down.
Improved antimicrobial activity of DU-6859a, a new fluoroquinolone, against quinolone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins (1997)

MICs of DU-6859a, a novel fluoroquinolone, for 18 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 21 Enterobacter cloacae isolates with altered GyrA or altered GyrA and ParC ranged from < or =0.025 to 6.25 microg/ml and from 0.1 to 3.13 microg/ml, respectively. Based on the MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited for these strains of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, DU-6859a exhibited 16- to 256-fold-greater activity than currently available fluoroquinolones.
The RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 restricts L1 mobility (2021)

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are enzymes that convert adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNAs (RNA editing A-to-I). ADAR1 and ADAR2 were previously reported as HIV-1 proviral factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of the ADAR2 ribonucleoprotein complex during HIV-1 expression. By using a dual-tag affinity purification procedure in cells expressing HIV-1 followed by mass spectrometry analysis, we identified 10 non-ribosomal ADAR2-interacting factors. A significant fraction of these proteins was previously found associated to the Long INterspersed Element 1 (LINE1 or L1) ribonucleoparticles and to regulate the life cycle of L1 retrotransposons. Considering that we previously demonstrated that ADAR1 is an inhibitor of LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, we investigated whether also ADAR2 played a similar function. To reach this goal, we performed specific cell culture retrotransposition assays in cells overexpressing or ablated for ADAR2. These experiments unveil a novel function of ADAR2 as suppressor of L1 retrotransposition. Furthermore, we showed that ADAR2 binds the basal L1 RNP complex.Overall, these data support the role of ADAR2 as regulator of L1 life cycle.
Microsoft Windows XP Networking and Security Inside Out (Inside Out) (2005)

Configure and manage your PC network-and help combat privacy and security threats-from the inside out! This book packs hundreds of timesaving solutions, troubleshooting tips, and workarounds, all in concise, fast-answer format.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Bis‐Imidazolium Salts and Respective Dinuclear Ag(I) <i>N</i>‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: <i>In Vitro</i> Anticancer Studies against “Human Colon Cancer” and “Breast Cancer” (2013)

This paper describes synthesis, characterization (NMR, FT‐IR, microanalysis, and X‐ray crystallography), in vitro anticancer activity of ortho / para ‐xylyl linked bis‐imidazolium salts ( 4 ‐ 5 ) and respective dinuclear Ag(I) N ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes ( 6 ‐ 7 ). All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. According to cell viability measurements using MTT assay, all the complexes ( 6 ‐ 7 ) showed a dose‐dependent cytotoxic activity against both the cell lines, whereas respective salts ( 4 ‐ 5 ) proved to be inactive. The complexes ( 6 ‐ 7 ) demonstrated significant activity with IC 50 values range 5.6–20.3 μ M for HCT 116 and 1.12–6.38 μ M for MCF‐7. 5‐Fluorouracil was used as standard drug (IC 50 = 5.9 μ M) for HCT 116, whereas tamoxifen was used as standard drug for MCF‐7 (IC 50 = 14 μ M) cell line.
Thermally Stable, Latent Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2011)

Highly thermally stable N-aryl,N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ruthenium catalysts were designed and synthesized for latent olefin metathesis. These catalysts showed excellent latent behavior toward metathesis reactions, whereby the complexes were inactive at ambient temperature and initiated at elevated temperatures, a challenging property to achieve with second generation catalysts. A sterically hindered N-tert-butyl substituent on the NHC ligand of the ruthenium complex was found to induce latent behavior toward cross-metathesis reactions, and exchange of the chloride ligands for iodide ligands was necessary to attain latent behavior during ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Iodide-based catalysts showed no reactivity toward ROMP of norbornene-derived monomers at 25 °C, and upon heating to 85 °C gave complete conversion of monomer to polymer in less than 2 hours. All of the complexes were very stable to air, moisture, and elevated temperatures up to at least 90 °C, and exhibited a long catalyst lifetime in solution at elevated temperatures.
Effect of electronic structure on carrier multiplication efficiency: Comparative study of PbSe and CdSe nanocrystals (2005)

Recently, we demonstrated that PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots can efficiently produce multiple electron-hole pairs (excitons) in response to a single absorbed photon. To address the generality of this carrier-multiplication phenomenon to other materials, we perform a comparative study of multiexciton generation in PbSe and CdSe nanocrystals that have distinctly different electronic structures. We find that both materials exhibit high-efficiency carrier multiplication and the activation threshold is lower in CdSe nanocrystals than in PbSe nanocrystals (∼2.5 vs ∼2.9 energy gaps). Furthermore, the efficiencies of multiexciton generation are nearly identical for both materials despite a vast difference in both energy structures and carrier relaxation behaviors, strongly suggesting that this phenomenon is general to quantum-confined semiconductor nanocrystals.
Poor <i>In Vitro</i> Maturation and Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Response of Dendritic Cells in Children at Genetic Risk of Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been associated with an aberrant maturation of dendritic cells (DC). We studied the maturation of monocyte-derived DC in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in healthy children with genetic risk for T1D. Peripheral blood monocytes from children with newly diagnosed T1D (n = 12; mean age 13.2 years), children with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-risk genotype of T1D (n = 7; mean age 12.7 years) and healthy children (n = 14; mean age 11.2 years) were in vitro differentiated into DC. Expression of HLA-DR, CD80/86 and CD11c and secretion of interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using flow cytometry. Lower percentage of DC expressed CD11c and HLA-DR, and decreased production of TNF-alpha was found in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in children at genetic risk when compared to healthy children. Children with risk genotype also had decreased IL-12 production by DC. Children with T1D and children at genetic risk of T1D appear to have similar aberrancies in the maturation of DC, which may predispose to beta-cell autoimmunity.
Fc-receptor cross-linking induces rapid secretion of tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) by human peripheral blood monocytes. (1988)

In this study it was demonstrated that cross-linking of FcR on human monocytes induces the secretion of the cytotoxic and immunoregulatory cytokine TNF. Both soluble and insoluble immune complexes, solid-phase antibody and antibody-coated phagocytizable particles were used to cross-link FcR on monocytes. It was observed that monocytes secreted large amounts of TNF in each of these instances. Kinetic studies performed with soluble immune complexes showed that TNF was secreted very rapidly, e.g., within 2 h after addition of immune complexes to monocytes. These findings are relevant for the understanding of FcR-mediated immune responses by monocytes and macrophages, for example antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and for disease states associated with circulating or tissue-fixed immune complexes.
Systemic Markers of Adaptive and Innate Immunity Are Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severity and Spirometric Disease Progression (2017)

The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with marked alterations in circulating immune cell populations, but no studies have characterized alterations in these cell types across the full spectrum of lung function impairment in current and former smokers. In 6,299 subjects from the COPDGene and ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) studies, we related Coulter blood counts and proportions to cross-sectional forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), adjusting for current smoking status. We also related cell count measures to 3-year change in FEV<sub>1</sub> in ECLIPSE subjects. In a subset of subjects with blood gene expression data, we used cell type deconvolution methods to infer the proportions of immune cell subpopulations, and we related these to COPD clinical status. We observed that FEV<sub>1</sub> levels are positively correlated with lymphocytes and negatively correlated with myeloid populations, such as neutrophils and monocytes. In multivariate models, absolute cell counts and proportions were associated with cross-sectional FEV<sub>1</sub>, and lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophil counts were predictive of 3-year change in lung function. Using cell type deconvolution to study immune cell subpopulations, we observed that subjects with COPD had a lower proportion of CD4<sup>+</sup> resting memory cells and naive B cells compared with smokers without COPD. Alterations in circulating immune cells in COPD support a mixed pattern of lymphocyte suppression and an enhanced myeloid cell immune response. Cell counts and proportions contribute independent information to models predicting lung function, suggesting a critical role for immune response in long-term COPD outcomes. Cell type deconvolution is a promising method for immunophenotyping in large cohorts.
El papel de los contenidos en la evaluación en educación física (2021)

The educational assessment assumed as a network of relationships between different aspects, continues to generate concerns and questions about how to approach it with a view to transforming its traditional and punitive outlook, towards training positions that lead to improving the teaching and learning processes. On this occasion, I would like to reflect on the importance of the contents in the assessment, since they are decisive to identify the paradigm and the rationale behind the evaluative action of the teachers.
Single-Snapshot File System Analysis (2013)

Metadata snapshots are a common method for gaining insight into file systems due to their small size and relative ease of acquisition. Since they are static, most researchers have used them for relatively simple analyses such as file size distributions and age of files. We hypothesize that it is possible to gain much richer insights into file system and user behavior by clustering features in metadata snapshots and comparing the entropy within clusters to the entropy within natural partitions such as directory hierarchies. We discuss several different methods for gaining deeper insights into metadata snapshots, and show a small proof of concept using data from Los Alamos National Laboratories. In our initial work, we see evidence that it is possible to identify user locality information, traditionally the purview of dynamic traces, using a single static snapshot.
Cross-coupling Reactions of Organoboranes: An Easy Method for C–C Bonding (2011)

Abstract The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron compounds and various organic halides or triflates in the presence of base provides a powerful and general methodology for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. The Csp2–B compounds (such as aryl- and 1-alkenylboron derivatives) and Csp3–B compounds (alkylboron compounds) readily cross-couple with organic electrophiles to give coupled products selectively in high yields. Recently, the Csp–B compounds (1-alkynylboron derivatives) have been also observed to react with organic electrophiles to produce expected cross-coupled products. The overview of some of such coupling reactions is discussed here in this article.