gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonisotopic detection methods for strand displacement assays of nucleic acids. (1986)

Using the enzymes terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.31) and polynucleotide phosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.8), we constructed polyriboadenylic acid tracts, approximately 8000 AMP residues long, attached to the 3'-terminus of a synthetic deoxynucleotide. The polyadenylated DNA, termed the "signal strand", was used in a displacement-type nucleic acid probe assay (see pp 1631-6, this issue). A probe-signal strand complex was made by hybridizing the signal strand to a deoxycytidylate-terminal probe DNA. The probe-signal strand complex was immobilized on an oligo (dG)-cellulose support and subsequently displaced from the immobilized hybrid complex with various amounts of analyte DNA. After the displacement procedure, the polyadenylate tracts were converted to ATP by the combined action of polynucleotide phosphorylase and pyruvate kinase. ATP was quantified by a bioluminescence assay with luciferase from Photinus pyralis. Displacement events were also quantified with biotinylated signal strand bound to avidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. Such enzyme-amplified assays offer considerable versatility: they may be coupled to a variety of detection systems including colorimetry, fluorimetry, and luminometry.
Laser Brazing of Diamond Grits with a Ni-Based Brazing Alloy (2007)

Brazing diamond grits onto steel substrate using a Ni-based filler alloy was carried out by laser beam in an argon atmosphere. The microstructure of the interfacial region among the Diamond grits, the filler layer and the steel substrate, were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of carbide layers was discussed. All the results indicated that the active element chromium in the Ni-based alloy concentrated preferentially to the surface of the grits to form a chromium-rich layer, and the hard joint between the alloy and the steel substrate is established through a cross-diffusion of iron and Ni-based alloy.
Complete removal of ghost particles in Tomographic-PIV (2013)

This paper discusses and compares several methods, which aim to remove spurious peaks, i.e. ghost particles, from the volume intensity reconstruction in Tomographic-PIV. The assessment is based on numerical simulations of time-resolved tomographic-PIV experiments in linear shear flows. Within the reconstructed volumes intensity peaks are detected and tracked over time. These peaks are associated to particles (either ghosts or actual particles) and are characterized by their peak intensity, their size and their track length. Peak intensity and track length are found to be effective in discriminating between most ghosts and the actual particles, although not all ghosts can be detected using only a single threshold. The size of the reconstructed particles does not reveal an important difference between ghosts and actual particles. Simultaneous plotting of peak intensity and track length however does, under certain conditions, allow a complete separation of ghosts and actual particles. The ghosts can have either a high intensity or a long track length, but not both combined like all the actual particles. Finally removing the detected ghosts from the reconstructed volume and performing additional MART iterations can decrease the particle position error at low to moderate seeding densities, but increases the position error and tracking errors at higher densities.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the PENK locus (1990)

A (dC-dA)0 (dG-dT)n sequence was found within an intron of the human proenkephalin gene by computer search of GenBank (Accession number K00489). Polymerase chain reaction primers were selected from the sequence to give an amplified fragment with predicted length of 79 bp. The pair of primers was designated Mfd31. Primer sequences: TAATAAAGGAGCCAGCTATG (CA strand); ACATCTGATGTAAATGCAAGT (GT strand). Frequency: Estimated from 106 chromosomes of unrelated CEPH family grandparents (Caucasians). PIC = 0.43. Allele (bp) Frequency Allele (bp) Frequency 83 0.01 77 0.02 81 0.42 75 0.01 79 0.54 Chromosomal Localization: Litt et al. mapped PENK to chromosome 8. This assignment was confirmed using DNA templates isolated from panels of somatic cell hybrids. Mendelian Inheritance: Co-dominant segregation was observed in 15 two generation families.
A Wireless Payment System (2006)

The swift advance of wireless networking, communication, and mobile technology is making a big impact to daily life. The significant increase of mobile device users in the recent years causes a strong demand on secured wireless information services and reliable mobile commerce (m-commerce) applications. Since mobile payment (m-payment) is a critical part of most wireless information services and applications, how to generate secured m-payment systems has become a hot research topic. This paper proposes a peer-to-peer m-payment system, known as P2P-Paid to allow mobile users to conduct wireless payments over the Bluetooth communications and to perform related secured transactions with the server. This paper introduces backgrounds, related work, and the system communication protocol, and provides system overview, security solution as well as implementation report.
La Place de l'enseignement pratique dans la formation des ergotherapeutes en Europe (2002)

: Cet article relate le travail effectue dans le cadre du Reseau europeen ENOTHE par un groupe projet centre sur l'enseignement pratique dans les ecoles d'ergotherapie en Europe. Les auteurs proviennent de differents pays et travaillent tous dans l'enseignement de l'ergotherapie. La question centrale de cette recherche actuellement en cours est celle de la place laissee a l'enseignement pratique dans la formation des ergotherapeutes dans un contexte ou l'enseignement theorique est en plein developpement.
Murine and human T-lymphocyte GATA-3 factors mediate transcription through a cis-regulatory element within the human T-cell receptor delta gene enhancer. (1991)

A family of transcriptional activators has recently been identified in chickens; these transcriptional activators recognize a common consensus motif (WGATAR) through a conserved C4 zinc finger DNA-binding domain. One of the members of this multigene family, cGATA-3, is most abundantly expressed in the T-lymphocyte cell lineage. Analysis of human and murine GATA-3 factors shows a striking degree of amino acid sequence identity and similar patterns of tissue specificity of expression in these three organisms. The murine and human factors are abundantly expressed in a variety of human and murine T-cell lines and can activate transcription through a tissue-specific GATA-binding site identified within the human T-cell receptor delta gene enhancer. We infer that the murine and human GATA-3 proteins play a central and highly conserved role in vertebrate T-cell-specific transcriptional regulation.
Structure and physical properties of cellulose acetate butyrate/poly(butylene succinate) blend (2005)

Abstract Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend films were prepared by using a cast blend method with chloroform. Homogenous blend films were obtained over a wide range of the blend ratio. The compatibility and physical properties of the blends have been investigated. The following conclusions were deduced: i) CAB molecules inhibit crystallization of PBS in the blends; ii) over the range of PBS contents from 0 to 30 wt %, PBS molecules have a high miscibility with CAB molecules and PBS molecules are in an amorphous state; iii) over the range of PBS contents from 30 to 80 wt %, PBS molecules form both crystalline and amorphous regions, and a portion of the amorphous PBS molecules is blended with CAB molecules; iv) porous material could be obtained by immersing the blend films in acetone. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 400–406, 2005
Cloning of human cytochrome P-450 cDNA and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1989)

A human cytochrome P-450 cDNA clone, lambda hPA6, was isolated from a human adult liver cDNA library. The expression plasmid pHM3 delta 2 was constructed by insertion of lambda hPA6 and a synthetic DNA into the yeast mRNA and reduced carbon monoxide-difference spectra of the yeast microsomes revealed that only the yeast transformed by the expression plasmid pHM3 delta 2 produced foreign cytochrome P-450. In addition, the expressed protein reacted with antiserum to P-450-HM2, a form probably identical with P-450MP, and showed a detectable level of mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activity.
Sustained Elevated Levels of Circulating Vasopressin Selectively Stimulate the Proliferation of Kidney Tubular Cells via the Activation of V2 Receptors (2008)

The hypothalamic hormone vasopressin (AVP) has known mitogenic effects on various cell types. This study was designed to determine whether sustained elevated levels of circulating AVP could influence cell proliferation within adult tissues known to express different AVP receptors, including the pituitary, adrenal gland, liver, and kidney. Plasmatic AVP was chronically increased by submitting animals to prolonged hyperosmotic stimulation or implanting them with a AVP-containing osmotic minipump. After several days of either treatment, increased cell proliferation was detected only within the kidney. This kidney cell proliferation was not affected by the administration of selective V1a or V1b receptor antagonists but was either inhibited or mimicked by the administration of a selective V2 receptor antagonist or agonist, respectively. Kidney proliferative cells mostly concerned a subpopulation of differentiated tubular cells known to express the V2 receptors and were associated with the phosphorylation of ERK. These data indicate that in the adult rat, sustained elevated levels of circulating AVP stimulates the proliferation of a subpopulation of kidney tubular cells expressing the V2 receptor, providing the first illustration of a mitogenic effect of AVP via the activation of the V2 receptor subtype.
Energy and performance models for clocked and asynchronous communication (2003)

Parameterized first-order models for throughput, energy, and bandwidth are presented in this paper. Models are developed for many common pipeline methodologies, including clocked flopped, clocked time-borrowing latch protocols, asynchronous two-cycle, four-cycle, delay-insensitive, and source synchronous. The paper focuses on communication costs which have the potential to throttle design performance as scaling continues. The models can also be applied to logic. The equations share common parameters to allow apples-to-apples comparisons against different design targets and pipeline methodologies. By applying the parameters to various design targets, one can determine when unclocked communication is superior at the physical level to clocked communication in terms of energy for a given bandwidth. Comparisons between protocols at fixed targets also allow designers to understand tradeoffs between implementations that have a varying degree of timing assumptions and design requirements.
Real-time image filtering: from optimal neuron evolution to vector quadratic programming (2002)

In this paper, a new scheme is introduced for the partitioning of images in image filtering using neural networks. The proposed scheme takes into account the physical nature of the image formation process, and thus simplifies the ordering scheme associated with the image processing framework based on neural networks with hierarchical cluster architecture. Also presented in the paper is a vector processing algorithm. By utilizing this algorithm, the pixels in the same row/column of an image are processed simultaneously. Compared with the scalar neuron evolution algorithms, the vector algorithm provides good visual quality in image filtering. Visual examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the new approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D Reconstruction of Transparent Objects with Position-Normal Consistency (2016)

Estimating the shape of transparent and refractive objects is one of the few open problems in 3D reconstruction. Under the assumption that the rays refract only twice when traveling through the object, we present the first approach to simultaneously reconstructing the 3D positions and normals of the object's surface at both refraction locations. Our acquisition setup requires only two cameras and one monitor, which serves as the light source. After acquiring the ray-ray correspondences between each camera and the monitor, we solve an optimization function which enforces a new position-normal consistency constraint. That is, the 3D positions of surface points shall agree with the normals required to refract the rays under Snell's law. Experimental results using both synthetic and real data demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Six-Phase Fractional-Slot-per-Pole-per-Phase Permanent-Magnet Machines With Low Space Harmonics for Electric Vehicle Application (2014)

This paper discusses the development of new winding configuration for six-phase permanent-magnet (PM) machines with 18 slots and 8 poles, which eliminates and/or reduces undesirable space harmonics in the stator magnetomotive force. The proposed configuration improves power/torque density and efficiency with a reduction in eddy-current losses in the rotor permanent magnets and copper losses in end windings. To improve drive train availability for applications in electric vehicles (EVs), this paper proposes the design of a six-phase PM machine as two independent three-phase windings. A number of possible phase shifts between two sets of three-phase windings due to their slot-pole combination and winding configuration are investigated, and the optimum phase shift is selected by analyzing the harmonic distributions and their effect on machine performance, including the rotor eddy-current losses. The machine design is optimized for a given set of specifications for EVs, under electrical, thermal and volumetric constraints, and demonstrated by the experimental measurements on a prototype machine.
Vibrational analysis of poly(L‐lactic acid) (1995)

Abstract The Raman and IR spectra of poly( L ‐lactic acid) in the amorphous and semicrystalline states were recorded from 3600 to 100 cm −1 . Complete vibrational assignments are proposed. In the Raman spectra, the splittings of the v C=O stretching and the δCCO bend are characteristic of the crystalline phase and the presence of the two lines at 923 and 520 cm −1 indicates a 10 3 helical conformation.
Sample preparation and in situ hybridization techniques for automated molecular cytogenetic analysis of white blood cells (1996)

With the advent of in situ hybridization techniques for the analysis of chromosome copy number or structure in interphase cells, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of cytogenetics has been augmented considerably. In theory, the strategies for detection of cytogenetically aberrant cells by in situ hybridization are simple and straightforward. In practice, however, they are fallible, because false classification of hybridization spot number or patterns occurs. When a decision has to be made on molecular cytogenetic normalcy or abnormalcy of a cell sample, the problem of false classification becomes particularly prominent if the fraction of aberrant cells is relatively small. In such mosaic situations, often > 200 cells have to be evaluated to reach a statistical sound figure. The manual enumeration of in situ hybridization spots in many cells in many patient samples is tedious. Assistance in the evaluation process by automation of microscope functions and image analysis techniques is, therefore, strongly indicated. Next to research and development of microscope hardware, camera technology, and image analysis, the optimization of the specimen for the (semi)automated microscopic analysis is essential, since factors such as cell density, thickness, and overlap have dramatic influences on the speed and complexity of the analysis process. Here we describe experiments that have led to a protocol for blood cell specimen that results in microscope preparations that are well suited for automated molecular cytogenetic analysis.
Discovery of (<i>R</i>,<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>-(7-Chloro-1-(1-[4-(dimethylamino)but-2-enoyl]azepan-3-yl)-1<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>d</i>]imidazol-2-yl)-2-methylisonicotinamide (EGF816), a Novel, Potent, and WT Sparing Covalent Inhibitor of Oncogenic (L858R, ex19del) and Resistant (T790M) EGFR Mutants for the Treatment of EGFR Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers (2016)

Over the past decade, first and second generation EGFR inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes for lung cancer patients with activating mutations in EGFR. However, both resistance through a secondary T790M mutation at the gatekeeper residue and dose-limiting toxicities from wild-type (WT) EGFR inhibition ultimately limit the full potential of these therapies to control mutant EGFR-driven tumors and new therapies are urgently needed. Herein, we describe our approach toward the discovery of 47 (EGF816, nazartinib), a novel, covalent mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor with equipotent activity on both oncogenic and T790M-resistant EGFR mutations. Through molecular docking studies we converted a mutant-selective high-throughput screening hit (7) into a number of targeted covalent EGFR inhibitors with equipotent activity across mutants EGFR and good WT-EGFR selectivity. We used an abbreviated in vivo efficacy study for prioritizing compounds with good tolerability and efficacy that ultimately led to the selection of 47 as the clinical candidate.
Engineering the <i>Salmonella</i> type III secretion system to export spider silk monomers (2009)

The type III secretion system (T3SS) exports proteins from the cytoplasm, through both the inner and outer membranes, to the external environment. Here, a system is constructed to harness the T3SS encoded within Salmonella Pathogeneity Island 1 to export proteins of biotechnological interest. The system is composed of an operon containing the target protein fused to an N-terminal secretion tag and its cognate chaperone. Transcription is controlled by a genetic circuit that only turns on when the cell is actively secreting protein. The system is refined using a small human protein (DH domain) and demonstrated by exporting three silk monomers (ADF-1, -2, and -3), representative of different types of spider silk. Synthetic genes encoding silk monomers were designed to enhance genetic stability and codon usage, constructed by automated DNA synthesis, and cloned into the secretion control system. Secretion rates up to 1.8 mg l(-1) h(-1) are demonstrated with up to 14% of expressed protein secreted. This work introduces new parts to control protein secretion in Gram-negative bacteria, which will be broadly applicable to problems in biotechnology.
Tissue Engineered Trachea Using Decellularized Aorta (2011)

Background: Several approaches for the development of tracheal substitutes for the treatment of extensive tissue defects have been explored over the years. However, a completely satisfactory approach has not been achieved. Previously, we described a composite tissue engineered trachea (TET) using chondrocytes seeded onto a polyglycolic acid (PGA) fiber-mesh. This study was considered to improve the design and functionality of the TET by using a porcine decellularized aorta as the scaffold.
Chemotherapy Is Associated With Improved Survival in Adult Patients With Primary Extremity Synovial Sarcoma (2007)

Ifosfamide-based chemotherapy was associated with an improved DSS in adult patients with high-risk, primary, extremity, synovial sarcoma and should be considered in the treatment of such patients.
Chitosan Based Dressings for Wound Care (2015)

Biopolymer researchers have advanced new strategies to improve the properties of wound dressings over the last decade which is becoming one of the most swiftly growing fields in the biomedical and pharmacy. The advantages of these biopolymers (particularly chitosan) is that, they can be easily processed into different forms which needs to be for different biomedical applications. Chitosan is the well-known natural biopolymer which is safe to be use, biocompatible and biodegradable in nature. This review provides an outline of the chitosan properties and its biomedical properties toward applications in anti-inflammatory and wound caring management.
Spacers and holding chambers: Not the last word, we hope---a reply (2001)

If you have a burning desire to respond to a paper published in ADC or F&N, why not make use of our "rapid response" option?
Voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup>channels in neuropathic pain (2007)

Neuropathic pain occurs as a result of some form of injury to the nervous system. Although the basis of the disease remains to be fully elucidated, numerous studies have suggested a major role for ion channels in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. As Na+ channels play a fundamental role in not only the generation but also in the conduction of an action potential, they have received considerable attention in the aetiology of pain sensation and have become important pharmacological targets. In this review, the authors discuss the importance of specific Na+ channel isoforms in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and the present use of Na+ channel antagonists in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
The use of fed batch cultivation for achieving high cell densities in the production of a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli (1994)

The production of the fusion protein staphylococcal protein A/E. coliβ-galactosidase in Escherichia coli was studied in batch and fed batch cultivations. Batch cultivation of a recombinant E. coli strain yielded a final cell dry weight of 16.4 g 1−1 with a final intracellular product concentration of recombinant protein corresponding to approximately 38% of the cell dry weight. Fed batch cultivation made it possible to increase the final cell dry weight to 77.0 g 1−1. The intracellular product concentration (25%) was lower as compared to batch cultivation resulting in a total concentration of recombinant protein of 19.2g 1−1.
Characterization of an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter and Use in Visible Spectrophotometry (1999)

The use of a paratellurite acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is demonstrated as a monochromator for spectrophotometry. This device operates in the range of 400 to 700 nm with a resolution from 2.5 nm (at 633 nm) to 0.5 nm (at 400 nm). Results of the initial characterizations indicate that behavior follows the theoretical model in terms of frequency/wavelength relationships, dependence of the output wavelength upon the incident radiation angle, and bandpass as a function of wavelength. Initial results of spectroscopic characterizations of permanganate, cobalt(II), holmium(III), praseodymium(III), and neodymium(III) solutions are presented. Placing a polarizer in the light path reduced the amount of stray light reaching the detector. Two types of photomultiplier tubes were used as detectors. The sensitivity of the PMTs varied at different wavelengths, which affected spectral responses and the effects of scattered light.