gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE PERIODATE OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS WITH REFERENCE TO STUDIES ON GLYCOPROTEINS (1965)

1. All alpha-amino acids are oxidized by periodate, but at different rates. 2. The rates of oxidation of individual alpha-amino acids vary with pH. In general, oxidation proceeds more rapidly at alkaline pH. 3. Serine, threonine, cysteine, cystine, methionine, proline, hydroxyproline, tryptophan, tyrosine and histidine are rapidly and extensively oxidized by periodate. 4. Cysteine, cystine, methionine, tryptophan, tyrosine and histidine are oxidized by periodate when they are substituted in the carboxyl and amino groups, as in a polypeptide chain.
Citrus Limonoids (2000)

The citrus limonoids are a rare natural compound group that has been thoroughly investigated on their biochemical nature, biological functions, food applications, importance in plant physiology, relationship in different plant species and cultivars, by-product recovery, and commercial applications. There is increased interest in limonoids as potential cancer preventing compounds in foods. This chapter summarizes the previous chemical and biochemical research on citrus limonoids and discusses future research projects which are examining the role these compounds play in both human and plant health.
Volumetric 3-D vector flow measurements using a 62+62 row-column addressed array (2017)

Experimental results from volumetric 3-D vector flow measurements using a 62+62 row-column addressed (RCA) array are presented. A plane-by-plane steered transmit sequence and its post processing steps are described for obtaining 3-D vector flow in a volume. A modified version of the transverse oscillation (TO) velocity estimator is used, which exploits the focal lines generated with the tall elements of a RCA array. Validation of the method is made in a flow-rig system where circulating blood mimicking fluid produced a steady parabolic flow profile with a flow rate of 13.7 mL/s, translating to a peak velocity of 24.1 cm/s. A volume rate of 16.4 volumes per second is obtained, and estimated flow rates based on nine steered planes within the volume are investigated. A positive bias is found for all investigated planes lying in the range from 6.5% to 21.2% with the standard deviation being less than 4% for all cases. It is concluded that volumetric 3-D vector flow estimation is feasible with an RCA array with only 124 elements.
An new method of audio-visual correlation analysis (2009)

This paper presents a new methodology of conducting the audio-visual correlation analysis employing the gaze tracking system. Interaction between two perceptual modalities, seeing and hearing, their interaction and mutual reinforcement in a complex relationship was a subject of many research studies. Earlier stage of the carried out experiments at the Multimedia Systems Department (MSD) showed that there exists a relationship between perception of video presented in the screen and accompanying audio signals, both stereo and spatial. These results were based on subjective tests. Applying the gaze tracking system to the subjective domain may be a step towards objectivization of results obtained during such tests. In the paper, first a short review of audio-visual correlation examination methods is presented. Then, a gaze tracking system engineered at the MSD is shortly presented. The system calibration is also shown. Assumptions of the preliminary experiments are outlined, and the realization of some preliminary tests is described. Conclusions concerning the objective methodology of audio-visual correlation analysis proposed are also included.
Providing Challenges for Mathematically Gifted Students (2006)

Discusses the principles that should underpin provisions for mathematically gifted children.
The SPASIBA Force Field for Chondroitin Sulfate:  Vibrational Analysis of <scp>d</scp>-Glucuronic and <i>N</i>-acetyl-<scp>d</scp>-Galactosamine 4-Sulfate Sodium Salts (2006)

Normal-mode analyses were carried out on the two components of the chondroitin 4-sulfate linear glycosaminoglycan, a copolymer implying alternate D-glucuronate beta-(1-->3) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate beta-(1-->4) (hereafter named D-galactosamine 4-sulfate) residues. Scaled quantum mechanical calculations (SQM) using the density functional theory approach at different levels of theory (B3LYP/6-31G** and B3LYP/6-31++G**) were performed to obtain correct vibrational assignments. The SPASIBA empirical force field parameters were then obtained from both theoretical predictions and observed IR and Raman data. It is shown that calculations including diffuse functions at the B3LP/6-31++G** level and the introduction of the Na+ counterion are necessary to give correct assignments of the CO2- symmetric (nu(s)) and antisymmetric (nu(a)) stretching modes for the glucuronic carboxylate residue.
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral Kaposi's sarcoma. A heterogeneous cell population dominated by spindle-shaped endothelial cells. (1993)

Cell lineage and cell function antigens were studied immunohistochemically in human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral Kaposi's sarcoma to provide insight into tumor pathogenesis. All tumors were composed predominantly of spindle cells that expressed endothelium-associated antigens, CD34 and CD36 (factor VIII-related antigen was expressed by considerably fewer numbers of tumor cells). Infrequently, spindle tumor cells also expressed actin. Factor XIIIa positive spindle and dendritic stromal cells comprised up to 9% of the tumor cell population. Other spindle and dendritic cells expressing macrophage-associated antigen, CD68, accounted for up to 15% of the tumor cells. Mast cells occurred frequently within and around tumors. Leukocyte function antigen (CD18) was expressed by approximately 13% of tumor cells, and its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), was expressed by some tumor-associated capillaries (which also expressed endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule, ELAM) and occasional stromal cells. Staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was noted in both interstitial and vascular lining cells. All tumors were non-reactive for human Papillomavirus antigen and HIV p24 antigen. Oral KS is a heterogeneous cellular proliferation composed predominantly of endothelial or endothelium-related spindle cells. Other spindle/dendritic (XIIIa-positive and CD68-positive) cells and mast cells are also present and may contribute to tumor development. ICAM and ELAM expression within tumors may assist infiltration of macrophages and other inflammatory cells into these lesions.
Intranephron Distribution of Epidermal Growth Factor Immunoreactivity in the Mouse (1987)

Using a specific and sensitive epidermal growth factor (EGF) radioimmunoassay, the distribution of EGF in mouse kidneys was studied. In five portions (outer cortex, inner cortex, outer medulla I, II, and papilla) of kidney slices, the outer medulla revealed the highest immunoreactive EGF (iEGF) per wet weight of tissue. In microdissected nephron segments, the predominant iEGF per millimeter length was observed in the medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop compared with other segments. It became more apparent when expressed per milligram protein. Fluorescence microscopy showed prominent staining for EGF in the thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop. The significance of the nephron heterogeneity in EGF contents is discussed.
Formulation of Nanosuspensions of Albendazole for Oral Administration (2008)

Poorly water-soluble compounds like albendazole with dissolution limited bioavailability need novel approaches for enhancement of bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The use of nanosuspension approach offers an opportunity to address the issues associated with BCS class II molecules. High pressure homogenization technique can be employed to produce drug nanocrystals with a number of advantages in comparison to other techniques such as nanoprecipitation, sonication, milling and high speed homogenization. The present study shows the feasibility of formulating a stable formulation of albendazole with minimum particle size through high pressure homogenization technique. To point out the influence and importance of identifying right stabilizer (s) and process parameters the studies such as influence of number of homogenizing cycles on particle size, sequence of mixing of ingredients on the physical characteristics of nanosuspensions and desorption studies was done. Selected nanosuspension formulations containing different stabilizers were lyophilized to convert into solid dosage forms. These studies had indicated that the aqueous dispersion of drug nanoparticles could be converted into stable solid dosage forms with out affecting the size on reconstitution.
Driving safety support system: DSSS (2003)

In order to decrease traffic accidents, we are developing driving safety support systems (DSSS), which prevents traffic accidents by providing information about danger and warning to drivers in advance. For example, when the traffic signals turn amber when approaching the intersection, a driver normally has to judge whether to pass it or stop in a moment in consideration of the speed of the vehicle and situation of vehicles ahead and around. This system supports drivers in making judgment for safe driving using infrastructure of traffic control systems. Therefore, we theoretically estimate dilemma zones and proper positions to supply information in accordance with the speed of vehicles, and then conduct verification test on the test field.
Tristetraprolin Regulates CXCL1 (KC) mRNA Stability (2008)

mRNAs encoding proinflammatory chemokines are regulated posttranscriptionally via adenine-uridine-rich sequences (AREs) located in the 3' untranslated region of the message, which are recognized by sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins. One ARE binding protein, tristetraprolin (TTP), has been implicated in regulating the stability of several ARE-containing mRNAs, including those encoding TNF-alpha and GM-CSF. In the present report we examined the role of TTP in regulating the decay of the mouse chemokine KC (CXCL1) mRNA. Using tetR-regulated control of transcription in TTP-deficient HEK293 cells, KC mRNA half-life was markedly decreased in the presence of TTP. Deletion and site-specific mutagenesis were used to identify multiple AUUUA sequence determinants responsible for TTP sensitivity. Although a number of studies suggest that the destabilizing activity of TTP is subject to modulation in response to ligands of Toll/IL-1 family receptors, decay mediated by TTP in 293 cells was not sensitive to stimulation with IL-1alpha. Using primary macrophages from wild-type and TTP-deficient mice, KC mRNA instability was found to be highly dependent on TTP. Furthermore, LPS-mediated stabilization of KC mRNA is blocked by inhibition of the p38 MAPK in macrophages from wild-type but not TTP-deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that TTP is the predominant regulator of KC mRNA decay in mononuclear phagocytes acting via multiple 3'-untranslated region-localized AREs. Nevertheless, KC mRNA remains highly unstable in cells that do not express TTP, suggesting that additional determinants of instability and stimulus sensitivity may operate in cell populations where TTP is not expressed.
Polymerization of Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. The Role of Phosphorus Pentachloride, Water, and Hydrogen Chloride (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. The Role of Phosphorus Pentachloride, Water, and Hydrogen ChlorideH. R. Allcock, J. E. Gardner, and Karen M. SmeltzCite this: Macromolecules 1975, 8, 1, 36–42Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60043a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60043a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views643Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of an Organotin—Nitrogen Bond. II.<sup>1</sup> Syntheses of Tris(trialkyltin)amines (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of an Organotin—Nitrogen Bond. II.1 Syntheses of Tris(trialkyltin)aminesKeiiti Sisido and Sinpei KozimaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 4, 907–909Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01027a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01027a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Universal Test Interface for embedded-DRAM testing (1999)

Because the configurations of embedded DRAM macros vary for each product, designers normally must customize the test circuitry for each product. The authors have developed circuitry (Universal Test Interface) that unifies testing regardless of the DRAM configuration and the number of macros on a chip. The Universal Test Interface alleviates the contradiction inherent in embedded DRAM testing.
Bending characteristics of single mode-Multimode-Single mode optical fiber structures (2014)

Multimode interference has been used in many integrated and fiber-optic devices, including sensors. A basic structure proposed for sensing using this phenomenon is the Single mode-Multimode-Single mode (SMS) fiber section concatenation, where multimode interference in the multimode section leads to the formation of a self-image of the single mode excitation onto the output single mode fiber core. The perturbation of modal interference in the multimode section by a changing measurand provides the basis for sensing. This paper reports on an investigation of the bending characteristics of these structures for their possible use as bending sensors. Numerical simulations using the beam propagation method are used to explore the sensitivity of SMS structures of parabolic and step-index multimode fibers to bending. The results of experimental examination of a realized SMS fiber structure are related to its bending characteristics obtained by simulations. It is concluded that SMS fiber structures of step-index multimode sections are expected to be more suitable than graded-index fiber structures for use as bending sensors in the range of bending radii of practical interest.
Experimental results for expanding the dynamic range of a Shack-Hartmann sensor using astigmatic microlenses (2002)

A conventional Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor cannot be used for the measurement of wavefronts with steep slopes if the spots leave their respective subapertures. In an earlier paper [N. Lindlein, J. Pfund, and J. Schwider, ''Expansion of the dynamic range of a Shack- Hartmann sensor by using astigmatic microlenses, Opt. Eng. 39(8), 2220-2225 (2000)], we described a method to expand the dynamic range of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor by marking the spots using astigmatic microlenses. We present experimental results for this method and describe how this special sensor can be interpreted as a combination of several Shack-Hartmann sensors with enlarged subapertures.
만 4세 유아의 출현적 문해 능력과 쓰기 발달 간의 관계 (2013)

본 연구는 만 4세 유아의 출현적 문해 능력과 쓰기 발달의 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구의 대상은 서울, 경기 지역에 소재한 3곳의 유치원과 어린이집에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아와 부모였다. 자료 수집을 위해 김길숙?박찬화(2013)가 번안한 Boudreau(2005)의 부모 질문지를 통해 유아의 출현적 문해 능력을 측정하였고 유아를 대상으로 쓰기 발달 검사를 수행하였다. 연구의 결과 첫째, 만 4세 유아의 출현적 문해 능력과 쓰기 발달은 성별에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 여아가 남아보다 출현적 문해 능력 총점이 높고 쓰기 발달이 더 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 특히 여아는 출현적 문해 능력의 하위 범주 중 ‘환경인쇄물에 대한 반응’, ‘철자지식’, ‘출현적 쓰기’에서 높은 점수를 보였으며, 쓰기 발달의 하위 범주인 ‘자유쓰기’, ‘이름쓰기’, ‘친숙한 글자 쓰기’ 모두에서 남아보다 빠른 발달을 보였다. 둘째, 만 4세 유아의 출현적 문해 능력과 쓰기 발달은 정적으로 유의한 상관을 보였고, ‘친숙한 글자 쓰기’를 제외한 쓰기 발달의 모든 하위 범주와 출현적 문해 능력 하위 범주 중 ‘환경인쇄물에 대한 반응’, ‘음운 인식’, ‘철자 지식’, ‘출현적 쓰기’가 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 만 4세 유아의 출현적 문해 능력은 쓰기 발달에 유의한 설명력을 가졌으며, 특히 ‘환경인쇄물에 대한 반응’이 유아의 쓰기 발달을 유의미하게 예언하였다.
A stopped-flow kinetic study of soluble methane mono-oxygenase from <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath) (1989)

1. The roles of the three protein components of soluble methane mono-oxygenase were investigated by the use of rapid-reaction techniques. The transfer of electrons through the enzyme complex from NADH to methane/O2 was also investigated. 2. Electron transfer from protein C, the reductase component, to protein A, the hydroxylase component, was demonstrated. Protein C was shown to undergo a three-electron--one-electron catalytic cycle. The interaction of protein C with NADH was investigated. Reduction of protein C was shown to be rapid, and a charge-transfer interaction between reduced FAD and NAD+ was observed; this intermediate was also found in static titration experiments. Thus the binding of NADH, the reduction of protein C and the intramolecular transfer of electrons through protein C were shown to be much more rapid than the turnover rate of methane mono-oxygenase. 3. The rate of transfer of electrons from protein C to protein A was shown to be lower than the reduction of protein C but higher than the turnover rate of methane mono-oxygenase. Association of the proteins was not rate-limiting. The amount of protein A present in the system had a small effect on the rate of reduction of protein C, indicating some co-operativity between the two proteins. 4. Protein B was shown to prevent electron transfer between protein C and protein A in the absence of methane. On addition of saturating concentrations of methane electron transfer was restored. With saturating concentrations of methane and O2 the observed rate constant for the conversion of methane into methanol was 0.26 s-1 at 18 degrees C. 5. By the use of [2H4]methane it was demonstrated that C-H-bond breakage is likely to be the rate-limiting step in the conversion of methane into methanol.
Comparison of Category Decomposition and Multiple Regression in the Mixture Analysis for the Scaling Techniques. (1998)

The authors tested the applicability of category decomposition method based on the linear mixture model for the fusion of multipleresolution satellite data such as Landsat-TM and NOAA-AVHRR. The goal of the application of this method is to estimate the mixing ratio of different categories within one pixel of the lower-resolution data using the classification result of the higher-resolution data, which is considered to be useful for the extrapolation of the information from the higher-resolution data over the wider coverage of the lower-resolution data. The authors tested the estimation accuracy by two kinds of decomposition methods, the maximum likelihood estimation and the minimum distance estimation and also by the multiple regression method. The experimental results showed that the most adequate estimation was obtained by the category decomposition based on the minimum distance estimation.
Repeatability of Infrared Plantar Thermography in Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study (2013)

The rewarming index after cold stress testing presented good repeatability between two days a week in both groups. Despite T2DM subjects presenting no differences on absolute temperature values between days, ΔT or rewarming index after cold stress testing remain recommended beside absolute temperature values for clinical use.
Characterization of CD1e, a Third Type of CD1 Molecule Expressed in Dendritic Cells (2000)

Dendritic cells express several alternatively spliced CD1e mRNAs. These molecules encode proteins characterized by the presence of either one, two, or three alpha domains and either a 51- or 63-amino acid cytoplasmic domain. Moreover, mRNAs encoding isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain are observed. Several of these CD1e isoforms were expressed in transfected cells, and two of them, with three alpha domains, displayed a particular processing pathway. These latter isoforms slowly leave the endoplasmic reticulum due to the presence of atypical dilysine motifs in the cytoplasmic tail. These molecules are associated with the beta(2)-microglobulin and accumulate in late Golgi and late endosomal compartments. In the latter compartments, they are cleaved into soluble forms that appear to be stable. In dendritic cells, these isoforms are mainly located in the Golgi apparatus, and upon maturation they are redistributed to late endosomal compartments. This work demonstrates the existence of CD1e molecules. As compared with other CD1 molecules, CD1e displays fundamentally different properties and therefore may represent a third type of CD1 molecules.
Synthesis and radiolabeling of technetium radiopharmaceuticals based on N-substituted iminodiacetic acid: Effect of radio-labeling conditions on radiochemical purity (1978)

Prerequisite to the development of technetium-99m containing drug and biochemical analogs is the ability to synthesize radiochemically pure technetium chelates from mixtures of an appropriate chelating agent, pertechnetate, and various reducing agents. This paper reports the synthesis of a series of N-substituted iminodiacetates (IDA) in which the pKa of the imino nitrogen was varied from 5.0 to 8.7. The chelating agents were labeled with Tc-99m using the stannous reduction method at aqueous pH's of 4.0, 5.5 and 8.0 and in absolute methanol. The radiochemical purity of each chelate was examined by high pressure liquid chromatography, paper electrophoresis, paper chroma-tography, and tissue distribution studies. Aqueous radiolabeling conditions resulted in pure technetium chelates only when the pKa of the imino nitrogen was approximately 6. Methanolic labeling conditions resulted in pure radiochemicals for all N-substituted imino-diacetic acids provided the imino nitrogen had a pKa of greater than 6. Under non-aqueous conditions, however, the radiochemical purity deteriorated with time for all compounds in which the pKa of the imino nitrogen was greater than 7. These results indicate that only those IDA derivatives in which the in vivo nitrogen has a pKa of approximately 6 show a high degree of radiochemical purity when radiolabeled using stannous ion as the reducing agent.