gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel high–throughput myofibroblast assays identify agonists with therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis that act via EP2 and EP4 receptors (2018)

Pathological features of pulmonary fibrosis include accumulation of myofibroblasts and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in lung tissue. Contractile α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts that produce and secrete ECM are key effector cells of the disease and therefore represent a viable target for potential novel anti-fibrotic treatments. We used primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) in two novel high-throughput screening assays to discover molecules that inhibit or revert fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. A phenotypic high-content assay (HCA) quantified the degree of myofibroblast differentiation, whereas an impedance-based assay, multiplexed with MS / MS quantification of α-SMA and collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1) protein, provided a measure of contractility and ECM formation. The synthetic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alprostadil, which very effectively and potently attenuated and even reversed TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation, was identified by screening a library of approved drugs. In TGF-β1-induced myofibroblasts the effect of alprostadil was attributed to activation of prostanoid receptor 2 and 4 (EP2 and EP4, respectively). However, selective activation of the EP2 or the EP4 receptor was already sufficient to prevent or reverse TGF-β1-induced NHLF myofibroblast transition. Our high-throughput assays identified chemical structures with potent anti-fibrotic properties acting through potentially novel mechanisms.
A very small dielectric planar filter for portable telephones (2002)

A high-performance dielectric filter 4.5 mm*3.2 mm*2.0 mm in size has been developed. It has two planar resonators and is made of high-permittivity multilayer ceramic in the Bi-Ca-Nb-O system. The transmission characteristic of the planar filter is found to have a distinctive attenuation pole feature. The behavior of the attenuation pole is explained by the relation between even-odd mode impedances and an equivalent expression with lumped elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new distributed routing algorithm for supporting delay-sensitive applications (2002)

We propose a new distributed delay-constrained unicast routing algorithm which can always find a delay-constrained path with small message complexity if such a path exists. At each network node, limited information about the network state is needed and only a small amount of computation is required. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has much better cost performance than the least delay path algorithm.
Digital HDTV compression using parallel motion-compensated transform coders (1991)

The authors suggest a parallel processing structure using the proposed international standard for visual telephony (CCITT P*64 kbs standard) as processing elements, to compress digital high definition television (HDTV) pictures. The basic idea is to partition an HDTV picture, in space or in frequency, into smaller sub-pictures and then compress each sub-picture using a CCITT P*64 kbs coder. This seems to be a cost-effective solution to the HDTV hardware. Since each sub-picture is processed by an independent coder, without coordination these coded sub-pictures may have unequal picture quality. To maintain a uniform quality HDTV picture, the following two issues are studied: sub-channel control strategy (bits allocated to each sub-picture); and quantization and buffer control strategy for individual sub-picture coders. Algorithms to resolve these problems and their computer simulations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions of Carbon and Metal Oxides in a Vacuum (1948)

The literature on the reactions of carbon and metal oxides in a vacuum is reviewed and the results of an experimental study of the reduction of several metal oxides by carbon in a vacuum are reported. None of the refractory oxides studied were stable in contact with carbon in a vacuum at temperatures above 1380°C. Oxides of multivalent metals reacted at temperatures of 700°C. or less. As a method for producing pure metals, best results were obtained with chromium, vanadium, columbium, and tantalum. A chromium metal analyzing 97 per cent Cr and a vanadium metal analyzing 93 per cent V were obtained. It is concluded that the vacuum reduction method would be practical only for the production of the more expensive and rare metals.
Detailed comparison of expressed and native voltage‐gated proton channel currents (2008)

Two years ago, genes coding for voltage-gated proton channels in humans, mice and Ciona intestinalis were discovered. Transfection of cDNA encoding the human HVCN1 (H(V)1) or mouse (mVSOP) ortholog of HVCN1 into mammalian cells results in currents that are extremely similar to native proton currents, with a subtle, but functionally important, difference. Expressed proton channels exhibit high H(+) selectivity, voltage-dependent gating, strong temperature sensitivity, inhibition by Zn(2+), and gating kinetics similar to native proton currents. Like native channels, expressed proton channels are regulated by pH, with the proton conductance-voltage (g(H)-V) relationship shifting toward more negative voltages when pH(o) is increased or pH(i) is decreased. However, in every (unstimulated) cell studied to date, endogenous proton channels open only positive to the Nernst potential for protons, E(H). Consequently, only outward H(+) currents exist in the steady state. In contrast, when the human or mouse proton channel genes are expressed in HEK-293 or COS-7 cells, sustained inward H(+) currents can be elicited, especially with an inward proton gradient (pH(o) < pH(i)). Inward current is the result of a negative shift in the absolute voltage dependence of gating. The voltage dependence at any given pH(o) and pH(i) is shifted by about -30 mV compared with native H(+) channels. Expressed H(V)1 voltage dependence was insensitive to interventions that promote phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of native phagocyte proton channels, suggesting distinct regulation of expressed channels. Finally, we present additional evidence that speaks against a number of possible mechanisms for the anomalous voltage dependence of expressed H(+) channels.
Synergistic Degradation of a Hyperuricemia-Causing Metabolite Using One-Pot Enzyme-Nanozyme Cascade Reactions (2017)

Multi-enzyme cascade reactions are frequently found in living organisms, in particular when an intermediate should be eliminated. Recently, enzyme-mimic nanomaterials (nanozymes) received much attention for various applications, because they are usually more stable and cost-effective than enzymes. However, enzyme-nanozyme cascade reations have not been yet extensively exploited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated one-pot enzyme-nanozyme cascade reactions using urate oxidase (UOX) and catalase-mimic gold nanoparticle nanozyme (AuNP) with the ultimate goal of treatment of hyperuricemia. UOX degrades hyperuricemia-causing uric acid, but also generates hydrogen peroxide raising several health concerns. We successfully demonstrated that one-pot UOX-AuNP cascade systems degrade uric acid more than five times faster than UOX alone, by eliminating potentially cytotoxic hydrogen peroxide, similar to enzyme-enzyme reactions.
Deaf band based engineered Dirac cone in a periodic acoustic metamaterial: A numerical and experimental study (2019)

A Dirac-cone-like dispersion at the center of the Brillouin zone where the wave number $\stackrel{P\vec}{k}=0$ [L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures (Dover, New York, 1953)], is rare and only happens due to accidental degeneracy. At certain frequencies, the Dirac cone breaks the time-reversal symmetry of acoustic waves, which has not yet been fully explored. In this paper, even the simplest geometric microarchitecture of phononic crystals (PnCs) in a periodic structure can be modulated to obtain the accidental triple degeneracies that make a Dirac-like cone at the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point ($\stackrel{P\vec}{k}=0$). While doing so, it was observed that the frequency of a nondispersive "deaf" band obtained from any arbitrary periodic structure made of similar PnCs remains unaltered. Then, a deaf band based predictive modulation of the PnCs is realized, and multiple occurrences of the Dirac-like points are demonstrated. The claims are validated using a numerical and experimental study of a baseline periodic structure having a square array of cylindrical polyvinylchloride inclusions in an air matrix. Phenomena such as orthogonal wave transport, negative refraction, and wave vortex are verified to exist at the deaf band based engineered Dirac cone.
A proposal to establish a pseudo virtual memory via writable overlays (1972)

Many computer systems solve executable storage size problems for large programs by using overlays. However, it appears that no one overlay scheme contains a well-balanced combination of the most useful capabilities which are found in various existing techniques. A proposal is presented which utilizes several of the best capabilities from existing schemes and is complemented by several additional features, e.g. writable overlays. The writable overlay capability provides a virtual memory effect, although the programmer may still be required to design the overlay configuration. Since overlay structuring is a complex task, several tools (including a graphic display) are included in the proposal in order to aid the programmer in the design. The content of overlays is briefly discussed, and it is noted that many of the details of the final overlay configuration may be decided after the fact.
Quaternions as a solution to determining the angular kinematics of human movement (2020)

The three-dimensional description of rigid body kinematics is a key step in many studies in biomechanics. There are several options for describing rigid body orientation including Cardan angles, Euler angles, and quaternions; the utility of quaternions will be reviewed and elaborated. The orientation of a rigid body or a joint between rigid bodies can be described by a quaternion which consists of four variables compared with Cardan or Euler angles (which require three variables). A quaternion, <i>q</i> = (<i>q</i> <sub>0</sub>, <i>q</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>q</i> <sub>2</sub>, <i>q</i> <sub>3</sub>), can be considered a rotation (Ω = 2 cos<sup>-1</sup>(<i>q</i> <sub>0</sub>)), about an axis defined by a unit direction vector <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>sin</mml:mo> <mml:mfenced><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>sin</mml:mo> <mml:mfenced><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>sin</mml:mo> <mml:mfenced><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:math> . The quaternion, compared with Cardan and Euler angles, does not suffer from singularities or Codman's paradox. Three-dimensional angular kinematics are defined on the surface of a unit hypersphere which means numerical procedures for orientation averaging and interpolation must take account of the shape of this surface rather than assuming that Euclidean geometry based procedures are appropriate. Numerical simulations demonstrate the utility of quaternions for averaging three-dimensional orientations. In addition the use of quaternions for the interpolation of three-dimensional orientations, and for determining three-dimensional orientation derivatives is reviewed. The unambiguous nature of defining rigid body orientation in three-dimensions using a quaternion, and its simple averaging and interpolation gives it great utility for the kinematic analysis of human movement.
DROPv2: energy efficiency through network function virtualization (2014)

Future Internet devices and network infrastructures need to be significantly more energy-efficient, scalable, and flexible in order to realize the extremely virtualized and optimized ICT/network infrastructures. In this respect, this article presents a recent extension of an open source software framework, the Distributed Router Open Platform (DROP), to enable a novel distributed paradigm for network function virtualization through the integration of software defined network and information technology (IT) platforms, as well as for the control/management of flexible IP router platforms. To answer the need for increased energy efficiency of the network function virtualization paradigms, DROP includes sophisticated power management mechanisms, which are exposed by means of the green abstraction layer (GAL), under consideration for standardization in ETSI. Moreover, the DROP architecture has been specifically designed to act as "glue" among a large number of the most promising and well-known open source software projects, providing network dataor control-plane capabilities.
Single LDL Apheresis Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Hypercholesterolemic Humans (1997)

We demonstrated that even a single session of LDL apheresis with the reduction of total LDL and oxidized LDL improved endothelial function. Our results suggest that total LDL and/or oxidized LDL may directly impair endothelial function in the human forearm vessel.
Linearly polarized vector modes: enabling MIMO-free mode-division multiplexing (2017)

We experimentally investigate mode-division multiplexing in an elliptical ring core fiber (ERCF) that supports linearly polarized vector modes (LPV). Characterization show that the ERCF exhibits good polarization maintaining properties over eight LPV modes with effective index difference larger than 1 × 10<sup>-4</sup>. The ERCF further displays stable mode power and polarization extinction ratio when subjected to external perturbations. Crosstalk between the LPV modes, after propagating through 0.9 km ERCF, is below -14 dB. By using six LPV modes as independent data channels, we achieved the transmission of 32 Gbaud QPSK over 0.9 km ERCF without any multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) or polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) signal processing.
HLAreporter: a tool for HLA typing from next generation sequencing data (2015)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing from next generation sequencing (NGS) data has the potential for widespread applications. Here we introduce a novel tool (HLAreporter) for HLA typing from NGS data based on read-mapping using a comprehensive reference panel containing all known HLA alleles, followed by de novo assembly of the gene-specific short reads. Accurate HLA typing at high-digit resolution was achieved when it was tested on publicly available NGS data, outperforming other newly developed tools such as HLAminer and PHLAT. HLAreporter can be downloaded from http://paed.hku.hk/genome/.
The WASA2 object-oriented workflow management system (1999)

Article Free Access Share on The WASA2 object-oriented workflow management system Authors: Gottfried Vossen University of Münster, Germany University of Münster, GermanyView Profile , Mathias Weske University of Münster, Germany University of Münster, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGMOD '99: Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of dataJune 1999Pages 587–589https://doi.org/10.1145/304182.304586Published:01 June 1999Publication History 26citation995DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations26Total Downloads995Last 12 Months21Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Efficient Monitoring of Library Call Invocation (2019)

The ability to monitor when user code invokes a library function offers numerous advantages. For example, during black-box testing of code, high-level control-flow integrity (CFI) checking, run-time access-control policy enforcement and so on. However, for this technique to be useful it must be efficient and able to function even when the target application is provided only as a statically linked executable. In an earlier paper we demonstrated how library calls may be intercepted using wrappers. But this approach works only with dynamically linked code and requires labour-intensive processing of the function arguments. Under the current scheme, each library - either dynamically or statically linked - constitutes a separate code-region. At any point in time, only pages belonging to that one region are marked as executable, so when code branches to a page outside the `home' region, it will land in a non-executable page, a fault will occur and the kernel will take over. By adding suitable code to the kernel, we can determine (a) whether the call should go ahead, (b) whether the arguments are acceptable and (c) ensure that the kernel will be informed when the code returns from the called function. In this paper we present our technique by analyzing the interception of a known exploit of the NGINX server. We show that our mechanism can detect and contain the attack and discuss the performance overheads of our mechanism.
Derivatives Of ditraizinylamine and tritriazinylamine (1970)

Abstract 2‐Arylamino‐4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine reacts with cyanuric chloride in the presence of alkali to yield N,N ‐bis(4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐arylamine. In like manner, 2‐substituted o ‐chloro‐, p ‐chloro‐, o ‐nitro‐ and p ‐carbomethoxyphenylamino‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐ s ‐triazines react with cyanuric chloride to yield the corresponding 4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazin‐2‐yl‐4′,6′‐dimethoxy‐ s ‐triazin‐2′‐ylaryl‐amine, while anilino‐, p ‐toluidino, o ‐ and p ‐methoxyphenylamino and o ‐carbomethoxyphenylamino derivatives did not. The reaction of cyanuric chloride with 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐ethylamino‐ s ‐triazine in the presence of alkali yields the condensation product of the ditriazinylamine type and the reaction of cyanuric chloride with ammonia yields N,N ‐bis(4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐ or tris(4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazin‐2‐yl)amine.
Data-flow integration testing adapted to runtime evolution in component-based systems (2009)

Systems of Systems are large-scale information centric component-based systems. Because they can be more easily expressed as an information flow, they are built following the data-flow paradigm. These systems present high availability requirements that make their runtime evolution necessary. This means that integration and system testing will have to be performed at runtime as well. Already existing techniques for runtime integration and testing are usually focused on component-based systems which follow the client-server paradigm, and are not well suited for data-flow systems. In this paper we present virtual components, a way of defining units of data-flow behaviour that greatly simplifies the definition and maintenance of integration tests when the system evolves at runtime. We present and discuss an example of how to use virtual components for this
Expression Profiling in Granulomatous Lung Disease (2007)

Granulomatous lung diseases, such as sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and chronic beryllium disease, along with granulomatous diseases of known infectious etiologies, such as tuberculosis, are major causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Clinical manifestations of these diseases are highly heterogeneous, and the determinants of disease susceptibility and clinical course (e.g., resolution vs. chronic, progressive fibrosis) are largely unknown. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases also remain poorly understood. Within this context, these diseases have been approached using genomic and proteomic technologies to allow us to identify patterns of gene/protein expression that track with clinical disease or to identify new pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. The results from these initial studies highlight the potential for these "-omics" approaches to reveal novel insights into the pathogenesis of granulomatous lung disease and provide new tools to improve diagnosis, clinical classification, course prediction, and response to therapy. Realizing this potential will require collaboration among multidisciplinary groups with expertise in the respective technologies, bioinformatics, and clinical medicine for these complex diseases.
High molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from crown gall tumor cells of periwinkle (Vinca rosea) (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The purpose of the <i>Vital Statistics for England and Wales</i> data is to record the numbers of conceptions, live births, stillbirths, deaths and causes of death for persons in England and Wales, by gender and age. Data are available at local authority, health authority and ward level. Individual studies in the series record various parts of these data. Changes have been made over time to the way in which the Office for National Statistics (ONS) collects vital statistics data, resulting in some variation in the content of later studies in the series. Further information may be found in the <i>Key Population and Vital Statistics</i> reports available from the ONS web site.<br> <br> During 2006, Sam Smith and colleagues at ESDS Government carried out work on various studies in the series prior to 2002, to improve the data format. The resulting files have been redeposited at the UKDA. More information is available in the documentation for the studies concerned.<br> <br>
Women entrepreneurs in the Indian informal sector (2011)

Purpose Studies on women entrepreneurs either view women through a structuralist lens, as marginalised populations engaged in low‐quality work, or through a neo‐liberal lens, as engaged in relatively higher quality endeavour more as a rational choice. The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically these explanations in relation to women entrepreneurs in the informal sector in India. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate the contrasting explanations of structuralist and new liberal approaches, questionnaire surveys were conducted in two phases, namely 2007 and 2010, over a period of several months. The sample design was stratified random and the sample was taken from a range of cities in different parts of India. Findings The survey of 457 women entrepreneurs of the informal sector shows that although the structuralist representation is largely appropriate for women working as waged informal employees, it is not as valid for women informal entrepreneurs working on a self‐employed basis. The results challenge the traditional understanding of the informal sector, and self‐employed women in particular, and are discussed in the light of the institutional rational choice framework. Research limitations/implications The analysis highlights how the decision of entrepreneurship does not stand in isolation from other decisions and choices, is in line with normative considerations, and is a collective rational choice for women entrepreneurs in the informal sector. This analysis is a first of its kind and calls for additional surveys to be undertaken of female (and male) informal entrepreneurs in other countries to establish this concept. Originality/value The analysis critically evaluates established explanations in relation to women entrepreneurs in the informal sector through an empirical survey and establishes new explanations on women entrepreneurship.