gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal supercurrent in mesoscopic Josephson junctions (1998)

We demonstrate that in a mesoscopic, fully phase coherent, superconductor--two-dimensional-electron-gas--superconductor structure the period of the critical current versus flux through the junction is $h/e$, i.e., twice the superconducting flux quantum. Using a heuristic approach we argue that the observations point to a nonlocal supercurrent density. The particles carrying the supercurrent sense the superconductor phase, which is spatially modulated by the magnetic field, along the entire electrode.
Expression of β-Catenin in developing auditory epithelia of Mice (2004)

This study investigated the role of beta-catenin in the development of mouse auditory epithelia. Inner ears obtained from embryonic and newborn mice were used. Expression of beta-catenin was examined together with the expression of Ki-67, a marker for proliferating cells, or myosin VIIa, a marker for differentiated hair cells. In the early phase of development, intense expression of beta-catenin was found in auditory epithelia in which a number of Ki-67-positive cells were identified. Together with a decrease in proliferating cells, the intensity and area of beta-catenin expression were reduced. In addition, during differentiation and maturation of hair cells, the area of beta-catenin expression was further limited. These findings suggest that patterns of expression of beta-catenin are closely linked with the status of auditory epithelia development.
The <i>TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1</i> Locus, Which Regulates Trichome Differentiation and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Encodes a WD40 Repeat Protein (1999)

The TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) locus regulates several developmental and biochemical pathways in Arabidopsis, including the formation of hairs on leaves, stems, and roots, and the production of seed mucilage and anthocyanin pigments. The TTG1 locus has been isolated by positional cloning, and its identity was confirmed by complementation of a ttg1 mutant. The locus encodes a protein of 341 amino acid residues with four WD40 repeats. The protein is similar to AN11, a regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in petunia, and more distantly related to those of the beta subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, which suggests a role for TTG1 in signal transduction to downstream transcription factors. The 1.5-kb TTG1 transcript is present in all major organs of Arabidopsis. Sequence analysis of six mutant alleles has identified base changes producing truncations or single amino acid changes in the TTG1 protein.
NBTI-channel hot carrier effects in PMOSFETs in advanced CMOS technologies (2002)

In this work the reliability of a 0.35 /spl mu/m p+ poly-gate pMOSFET CMOS technology under conductive channel hot carrier conditions is investigated. It is found that at any bias and temperature condition applied, the degradation of sufficiently short channel length (Leff/spl sime/0.14 um) devices results in a reduction in drive current due to the impact of donor type interface trap generation and positive charge formation during the stress. At these dimensions the degradation is controlled by a contribution of both Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and Channel Hot Carrier (CHC) mechanism. We will show the role that each of these two mechanisms play in determining the shift of typical device parameters. A methodology to decouple the two effects is also provided allowing to quantify each contribution separately at any bias and temperature condition. A conductive CHC model that takes into account the impact of both mechanisms to the device lifetime at the worst observed degradation condition (Vg=Vd) is also discussed.
Secretion of IL‐2, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ for Dust Mite Antigens in a Patient with Atopic Dermatitis (1993)

In a 21-year-old female with severe atopic dermatitis, the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by her peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was measured after incubation with/without antigens extracted from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), to which the patient had developed a positive patch-test reaction. Incubation with Dp antigen produced marked secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4. This may suggest that Dp-specific T lymphocytes present in the circulating blood cells are capable of producing IL-2 and IFN-gamma, which may be relevant to the delayed-type allergic reaction occurring in the skin lesion.
Carrier Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in 107,611 Pregnant Women during the Period 2005–2009: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study (2011)

The main benefit of SMA carrier screening is to reduce the burden associated with giving birth to an affected child. In this study, we determined the carrier frequency and genetic risk and provided carrier couples with genetic services, knowledge, and genetic counseling.
Isolation and characterization of novel defence‐related genes induced by copper, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and pathogen infection in <i>Brassica carinata</i> (2001)

Summary To examine the defence response in Brassica carinata we differentially screened a cDNA library made from CuCl(2)-treated (Cu) leaves. The sequence of 17 of the 27 cDNA clones examined that showed Cu-induction had a high similarity to defence genes from other plant species. Among other clones that showed higher expression in the Cu leaves were two cDNAs encoding polypeptides of 351 and 250 amino acids, designated BcCJS1 and BcCJAS1. BcCJS1 had similarity to S-adenosyl-l-methionine: salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase from Clarkia breweri. However, the enzyme activity was not found in extracts from E. coli expressing BcCJS1. BcCJAS1 did not show extensive similarity to any genes with known function in the databases but it did contain three regions of amino acid sequence that are frequently found in amidotransferases. A third Cu-induced mRNA, Bcp6PGL, showed very high (86%) similarity to a putative 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) from Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to Cu induction, BcCJS1 expression was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA), BcCJAS1 expression by MeJA, SA and abscisic acid and Bcp6PGL expression by MeJA. The expression of all three genes increased after Alternaria brassicae infection. BcCJS1 and BcCJAS1 were induced within 1 h after MeJA- but not until 3 h after SA-treatment. The expression of both genes was systemically induced after infection with a compatible or incompatible fungal pathogen. SA systemically induced only BcCJAS1. The effects of various inhibitors of signalling pathways on expression of the three genes were studied.
Analysis of Check-Node Merging Decoding for Punctured LDPC Codes with Dual-Diagonal Parity Structure (2007)

In this paper, the authors propose new decoding scheme of punctured LDPC codes with dual-diagonal parity structure by merging check nodes connected to the punctured parity nodes. This check-node merging decoding not only needs smaller number of operations at each iteration but also shows faster decoding convergence speed than the conventional erasure decoding. For the binary erasure channel (BEC) and AWGN channel, the authors analyze and compare the check-node merging and the conventional erasure decoding schemes of the punctured LDPC codes with dual-diagonal parity structure using density evolution. Analytical results show that the check-node merging decoding gives faster convergence speed for both BEC and AWGN channel. Also, simulation results are provided to confirm the analytical results.
New class of bioinspired lenses with a gradient refractive index (2006)

Abstract The recognition that eye lenses in nature often employ a gradient refractive index to enhance the focusing power and to correct aberrations has motivated us to construct a synthetic lens using the layered concept encountered in biological lenses. The result is a highly flexible technology for the fabrication of gradient‐refractive index lenses that is based on a method of polymer forced assembly. Polymeric nanolayered films with incremental differences in the refractive index are assembled according to a prescribed design and molded into the desired shape. The exceptional flexibility of the process lies in the wide range of lens shapes and index profiles that can be realized. A lens with any refractive index distribution can be achieved within the refractive index range of available coextrudable optical materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1834–1841, 2007
Optimal Paths in Disordered Complex Networks (2003)

We study the optimal distance in networks, l(opt), defined as the length of the path minimizing the total weight, in the presence of disorder. Disorder is introduced by assigning random weights to the links or nodes. For strong disorder, where the maximal weight along the path dominates the sum, we find that l(opt) approximately N(1/3) in both Erdos-Rényi (ER) and Watts-Strogatz (WS) networks. For scale-free (SF) networks, with degree distribution P(k) approximately k(-lambda), we find that l(opt) scales as N((lambda-3)/(lambda-1)) for 3<lambda<4 and as N(1/3) for lambda> or =4. Thus, for these networks, the small-world nature is destroyed. For 2<lambda<3, our numerical results suggest that l(opt) scales as ln(lambda-1N. We also find numerically that for weak disorder l(opt) approximately ln(N for both the ER and WS models as well as for SF networks.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection in Patients Discharged from US Short-stay Hospitals, 1996–20031 (2006)

US hospital discharges for which Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) was listed as any diagnosis doubled from 82,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 71,000-94,000) or 31/100,000 population in 1996 to 178,000 (95% CI 151,000-205,000) or 61/100,000 in 2003; this increase was significant between 2000 and 2003 (slope of linear trend 9.48; 95% CI 6.16-12.80, p = 0.01). The overall rate during this period was severalfold higher in persons >65 years of age (228/100,000) than in the age group with the next highest rate, 45-64 years (40/100,000; p < or = 0.001). CDAD appears to be increasing rapidly in the United States and is disproportionately affecting older persons. Clinicians should be aware of the increasing risk for CDAD and make efforts to control transmission of C. difficile and prevent disease.
Requirement of a Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor for Development of Mammary Myoepithelial Cells (2006)

The mammary gland consists of a branched ductal system comprised of milk-producing epithelial cells that form ductile tubules surrounded by a myoepithelial cell layer that provides contractility required for milk ejection. Myoepithelial cells bear a striking resemblance to smooth muscle cells, but they are derived from a different embryonic cell lineage, and little is known of the mechanisms that control their differentiation. Members of the myocardin family of transcriptional coactivators cooperate with serum response factor to activate smooth muscle gene expression. We show that female mice homozygous for a loss-of-function mutation of the myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) gene are unable to effectively nurse their offspring due to a failure in maintenance of the differentiated state of mammary myoepithelial cells during lactation, resulting in apoptosis of this cell population, a consequent inability to release milk, and premature involution. The phenotype of MRTF-A mutant mice reveals a specific and essential role for MRTF-A in mammary myoepithelial cell differentiation and points to commonalities in the transcriptional mechanisms that control differentiation of smooth muscle and myoepithelial cells.
Characterization of Immobilized Anti-CD3 Antibody-activated T Lymphocytes for Use in Adoptive Immunotherapy of Patients with Brain Tumors (1992)

Large numbers of T lymphocytes were successfully cultured for use in adoptive immunotherapy using immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. This method allows more than 1.5 x 10(10) T lymphocytes to be cultured within 2 weeks from only 20 ml of blood. Proliferated T lymphocytes were less cytotoxic than lymphokine-activated killer cells induced with a high dose of interleukin-2, but were more specific for autologous tumor cells as determined by cold target competition. Signal transduction of anti-CD3 antibody induced a population of CD8 positive cells, i.e. cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Adoptive immunotherapy using autologous lymphocytes requires a sufficient number of lymphocytes and high induced cytotoxic activity. This method is promising for clinical adoptive immunotherapy of patients with brain tumors.
Accurate scale estimation based on unsynchronized camera network (2015)

In this paper we present an unsynchronized camera network able to estimate the motion and the structure with accurate absolute scale. The proposed algorithm requires at least three frames: two frames from one camera and a frame from a neighbouring camera. The relative camera poses are estimated with classical Structure-from-Motion and the absolute scales between views are computed by assuming straight trajectories between consecutive views of one camera. We propose a final optimisation step to refine only the scale and the 3D points. Our method is evaluated in real conditions on the KITTI dataset. We show quantitative evaluation through comparisons against GPS/INS ground truth.
Photoresponsivity of polymer thin-film transistors based on polyphenyleneethynylene derivative with improved hole injection (2004)

The photoresponse of polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) based on the 2,5-bis(dibutylaminostyryl)-1,4-phenylene-b-alkyne-b-1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene terpolymer (BAS-PPE) is investigated. BAS-PPE is a photoluminescent conducting polymer with a band gap of 2.25eV. The BAS-PPE PFETs were fabricated using an open coplanar configuration and light is illuminated onto the top side of the PFETs with no shadowing present. A sweep of VDS demonstrates that IDS saturation is suppressed during illumination, which suggests that pinch-off cannot be reached since the injected photogenerated carriers continue unabated. Also, with incident light, the channel cannot be turned off, even at high positive gate biases, due to the accumulation of photogenerated carriers. A sweep of VDS shows that BAS-PPE can act as a p-type polymer and favors hole injection and transport. A sweep of VGS shows an increase in IDS with different light intensities. The Ilight∕Idark ratio reaches as high as about 6000 at an incident light intensity of 4μW and a photoresponsivity of 5mA∕W is calculated.
Synthesis and Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles on Electrospun Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Fibers and Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Composite Fibers (2006)

Gold or Silver nanoparticles have been immobilized on the surface of poly(4-vinylpyridine) fibers and poly(4-vinylpyridine)/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite fibers by in situ synthesis or by self-assembly. Polymer fibers with submicrometer diameters were fabricated using an electrospinning process and modified to incorporate functional pyridyl groups on the surface.
Current therapy for HIV infection and its infectious complications (1992)

Primary care physicians can play a crucial role in the care of patients with HIV infection. Treatment often requires orchestration of many complex drug regimens. In addition, the patient must make informed decisions about a broad range of care-related issues. Steps in the care of such patients include (1) staging of HIV infection, (2) instituting antiretroviral therapy, and (3) preventing opportunistic infections plus treating opportunistic infections when present. A wide range of established and investigational agents are available for these purposes, and new ones are continually being discovered.
Preparations, structures, and properties of M3X13 type molybdenum and tungsten trimers with eight cluster electrons (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparations, structures, and properties of M3X13 type molybdenum and tungsten trimers with eight cluster electronsF. Albert Cotton, Maoyu Shang, and Zhong Sheng SunCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 3007–3011Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Localization of the nic-7, ac-29 and thi-10 genes within the mating-type locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (1995)

The tight linkage observed between the mating-type (mt) locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and three auxotrophic mutations--nic-7 (nicotinamide-requiring), ac-29 (acetate-requiring), and thi-10 (thiamine-requiring)--has led to the hypothesis that recombination is suppressed in the mt region. The physical location of these three genes has been established by transformation with sets of cloned DNA from the mt region. They lie to the left and right of the highly rearranged (R) domain of the mt locus, which has been proposed to be responsible for teh recombinational suppression in the region. The cloned nic-7+ and thi-10+ genes will be useful as selectable markers for cotransformation markers for cotransformation experiments.
Use of virus vectors for the expression in plants of active full‐length and single chain anti‐coronavirus antibodies (2006)

To extend the potential of antibodies and their derivatives to provide passive protection against enteric infections when supplied orally in crude plant extracts, we have expressed both a small immune protein (SIP) and a full-length antibody in plants using two different plant virus vectors based on potato virus X (PVX) and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The alphaSIP molecule consisted of a single chain antibody (scFv) specific for the porcine coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) linked to the alpha-CH3 domain from human IgA. To express the full-length IgA, the individual light and heavy chains from the TGEV-specific mAb 6A.C3 were inserted into separate PVX constructs and plants were co-infected with both constructs. Western blot analysis revealed the efficient expression of both the SIP and IgA molecules. Analysis of crude plant extracts revealed that both the plant-expressed alphaSIP and IgA molecules could bind to and neutralize TGEV in tissue culture, indicating that active molecules were produced. Oral administration of crude extracts from antibody-expressing plant tissue to 2-day-old piglets showed that both the alphaSIP and full-length IgA molecules can provide in vivo protection against TGEV.
Rapid Method for the Determination of Malthene and Asphaltene Content in Bitumen, Heavy Oils, and Synthetic Fuels by Pyrolysis TLC (1983)

Journal Article Rapid Method for the Determination of Malthene and Asphaltene Content in Bitumen, Heavy Oils, and Synthetic Fuels by Pyrolysis TLC Get access Marc-André Poirier, Marc-André Poirier Energy Research Laboratories, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0G1 Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Albert E. George Albert E. George Energy Research Laboratories, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0G1 Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 21, Issue 7, July 1983, Pages 331–333, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/21.7.331 Published: 01 July 1983 Article history Received: 09 November 1982 Published: 01 July 1983
Furan Derivatives (2000)

Abstract Furan is a 5‐membered heterocyclic, oxygen‐containing, unsaturated ring compound. From a chemical perspective it is the basic ring structure found in a whole class of industrially significant products. The furan nucleus is also found in a large number of biologically active materials. Compounds containing the furan ring (as well as the tetrahydrofuran ring) are usually referred to as furans. From a manufacturing standpoint, however, furfural is the feedstock from which all of the commercial furan derivatives are derived, as it the easiest and least expensive to manufacture. Furan is produced from furfural commercially by decarbonylation; loss of carbon monoxide from furfural gives furan directly. Tetrahydrofuran is the saturated analogue containing no double bonds. This article is limited primarily to simple furans in which the nucleus occurs as a free monocycle, and, in general, does not include compounds in which the furan ring is fused to another ring. Tetrahydrofuran is produced commercially from furfural by decarbonylation followed by hydrogenation; it is also produced by several different methods from other raw materials. Furfural and furfuryl alcohol are specialty solvents. They also are reactive solvents and contribute low viscosity to resin formulations. Thermosetting resins containing furfural and/or furfuryl alcohol “furan resins” demonstrate specialty properties including corrosion resistance, high carbon yield, stability at elevated temperature, low fire hazard, and excellent physical strength. These properties are of industrial importance in making foundry molds and cores, fiberglass composites, mortars, cements, plastic insulation foams, refractory mixes, high carbon composites, and aggregate binders, among others.