gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitory Activities of 2,4-Diamino-5-deaza and 2,4-Diamino-5,10-dideaza Lipophilic Antifolates (1997)

Two series of nonclassical antifolates (2,4-diamino-5-deaza compounds 2-5 and 5,10-dideaza compounds 6-13) were synthesized as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Pneumocystis carinii (pc) and Toxoplasma gondii (tg) organisms that are responsible for fatal opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Rat liver (rl) DHFR served as the mammalian reference enzyme to determine selectivity. Syntheses of the target 5-deaza compounds were achieved by initial construction of the pivaloyl-protected 2,4-diamino-6-bromopyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidine 17 via a cyclocondensation of 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine with bromomalonaldehyde. Sequential Heck coupling of 17 with styrene followed by ozonolysis afforded the 6-formyl derivative 19. Reductive amination of 19 with 3,4,5-trimethoxyaniline afforded the N10-H analog. The N10-Me and N10-Et analogs were synthesized by nucleophilic displacement of the 6-bromomethyl derivative 22 (obtained from the 6-formyl derivative 19 by reduction and bromination) with the appropriate N-alkylaniline. The trans-5,10-dideaza analogs 6-8 were synthesized via a Heck coupling of the appropriate methoxystyrene with 17, and selective reduction of the resulting 9,10-double bond afforded target compounds 9-11. Further reduction to the tetrahydro derivatives afforded analogs 12 and 13. The 5-deaza N10-Me 3,4,5-trimethoxy analog 3 maintained the best balance of potency and selectivity against both tgDHFR and pcDHFR. Compared to trimethoprim, compound 3 was only slightly less selective but was 300-fold more potent against tgDHFR. The 5,10-dideaza analogs were generally less potent and selective than the 5-deaza compounds.
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy, Growth, and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children (1999)

There have been no studies of smoking during pregnancy and bone mineralization in children. The objective of this population-based longitudinal study was to determine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with bone mass and other growth variables in prepubertal children. We studied 330 8-year-old male and female children representing 47% of those who originally took part in a study of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in 1988. The main outcome measures were bone mineral density measured by a Hologic QDR2000 densitometer: birth weight, placental weight, height, and weight. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with deficits in growth with these children having lower height (-1.53 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.03 to -0.03) and a trend to lower weight (-1.35 kg, 95% CI -2.75 to 0.11) at age 8. Furthermore, there was a disproportionate deficit in bone mass such that those children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had lower size adjusted bone mass at the lumbar spine (-0.019 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.033 to -0.005) and femoral neck (-0.018 g/cm2, 95%CI -0.034 to -0.002) but not total body (-0.005 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.015 to 0.005). This association was only present for children born at term. Mothers who smoked during pregnancy also had lower placental weight (- 56 g, 95% CI -95 to -17), and further adjustment for placental weight led to nonsignificant results for smoking with both growth and bone parameters, suggesting that these associations may be mediated through placental size and function. Maternal smoking habit in 1996 was not significantly associated with bone mass at any site. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a long-term negative association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and both growth and bone mass in children born at term, and suggests that the timing of exposure rather than the dose or duration is critical. If these associations are present in other populations and they persist until the attainment of peak bone mass, then our findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention programs should start very early in the life cycle.
PRELI, the human homologue of the avian px19, is expressed by germinal center B lymphocytes (2000)

We report the identification of a human cDNA encoding a 25 kDa protein of relevant evolutionary and lymphoid interest (PRELI). PRELI was cloned by screening a B lymphocyte-specific cDNA library with a probe generated by mRNA differential display. PRELI amino acid sequence is 85% similar to the avian px19 protein, expressed within the blood islands and in the liver during avian embryo development. PRELI and px19 contain tandem repeats (A/TAEKAK) of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) motif, characteristic of a group of survival molecules and originally thought to be present only in plant proteins. Interestingly, PRELI expression is high in the fetal liver, a major site for B cell lymphopoiesis, while the mRNA levels in other fetal tissues such as the brain, lung, and kidney are comparatively low. At the adult stage, PRELI expression is drastically reduced in the liver but exhibits high mRNA levels in the spleen, brain, lung and kidney tissues, suggesting that PRELI expression may be important for the development of vital and immunocompetent organs. Moreover, PRELI is also highly expressed in the adult lymph nodes and peripheral blood leukocytes, further stressing that at the adult stage, PRELI expression may be important during secondary immune responses. Consistent with this hypothesis, the expression of PRELI is predominant within germinal centers (GC), a stage in which B lymphocytes are under a stressful selection pressure. Taken together these data: (i) strongly support the notion that the conserved LEA motif represents a phylogenetic link between plants and animals, (ii) reveal a novel molecule whose expression may play a role in the maturation of distinct human tissues, and (iii) suggest that PRELI expression may be important for GC B lymphocytes.
Lead-Acid State of Charge Estimation for Start-Stop Applications (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Start-stop, aka engine-stop or idle-stop, technologies are increasingly being applied to automotive vehicles to increase fuel economy. Start-stop vehicles turn off the engine during periods of zero speed and/or during prolonged coast down. During engine-stop, the vehicle electronics are powered solely by the battery. To replenish the battery, the battery needs to be recharged. In typical ICE vehicles, the battery is continuously charged. However, fuel economies can be improved if strategic charging of the battery can be achieved through selective charging through the alternator or through regenerative braking. To optimize fuel economy, an accurate estimation of the battery state of charge (SOC) during vehicle operation is required. Although state of charge estimation has mainly focused on Li-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries may be used successfully in start-stop applications. However, SOC estimation for lead-acid batteries is particularly difficult due to side reactions and losses during charging, particularly at high SOC. This is a highly nonlinear function and requires special attention. To estimate the battery SOC, an equivalent-circuit lead-acid battery model is used to simulate the battery dynamics. This model incorporates losses associated with top charging which can affect the battery SOC estimation. In addition, parameter estimation techniques are utilized to identify the dynamic model parameters. Through this research, an online adaptive battery model can be used to estimate the lead-acid battery state of charge for start-stop applications, where the charging patterns may affect the SOC estimation.</div></div>
Lumbar Spine Fusion and Stabilization: Hardware, Techniques, and Imaging Appearances (2007)

Stabilization and fusion of the lumbar spine may be performed by using various anterior and posterior surgical techniques and a wide range of devices, including screws, spinal wires, artificial ligaments, vertebral cages, and artificial disks. Because spinal procedures are increasingly common, such devices are seen more and more often in everyday radiologic practice. For evaluation of the postoperative spine, radiography is the modality most commonly used. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be useful alternatives, but MR imaging of the postoperative spine is vulnerable to metal-induced artifacts. For an accurate postoperative assessment of spinal instrumentation and of any complications, it is important that radiologists be familiar with the normal imaging appearances of the lumbar spine after stabilization, fusion, and disk replacement with various techniques and devices.
An efficient implementation of SELF a dynamically-typed object-oriented language based on prototypes (1989)

We have developed and implemented techniques that double the performance of dynamically-typed object-oriented languages. Our SELF implementation runs twice as fast as the fastest Smalltalk implementation, despite SELF's lack of classes and explicit variables. To compensate for the absence of classes, our system uses implementation-level maps to transparently group objects cloned from the same prototype, providing data type information and eliminating the apparent space overhead for prototype-based systems. To compensate for dynamic typing, user-defined control structures, and the lack of explicit variables, our system dynamically compiles multiple versions of a source method, each customized according to its receiver's map. Within each version the type of the receiver is fixed, and thus the compiler can statically bind and inline all messages sent to self. Message splitting and type prediction extract and preserve even more static type information, allowing the compiler to inline many other messages. Inlining dramatically improves performance and eliminates the need to hard-wire low-level methods such as +,==, and ifTrue:. Despite inlining and other optimizations, our system still supports interactive programming environments. The system traverses internal dependency lists to invalidate all compiled methods affected by a programming change. The debugger reconstructs inlined stack frames from compiler-generated debugging information, making inlining invisible to the SELF programmer.
A Digital Twin Method for Automated Behavior Analysis of Large-Scale Distributed IoT Systems (2019)

The behavior of a large-scale distributed IoT system is often hard to verify and validate. The reasons include: 1) the specification is often unclear, ambiguous and incomplete resulting in misunderstandings and undesired behavior. 2) It is almost impossible for a human to reason about the correctness of a system consisting of thousands of components. 3) It is very hard to observe all related components when trying to solve a problem because the system is geographically distributed over large areas. A digital twin capturing the system operational behavior will be of great help to assist a human in detecting behavioral anomalies and reasoning about root-causes. This paper proposes a method to develop digital twins for automated behavior analysis of large-scale distributed IoT systems. We present a real-life use-case of a smart office lighting system for which the method was successfully applied. The developed digital twin was used for anomaly detection and reasoning in a semi-automated root-cause analysis (RCA) approach.
A Vertical Integration of GaAs/GaAlAs LED and Vertical FET with Embedded Schottky Electrodes (1990)

A GaAs/AlGaAs surface-emitting light-emitting diode (LED) and a vertical field-effect transistor (FET) are vertically integrated using the selective atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. The embedded Schottky metal between the epitaxial GaAs layers is employed as the gate electrode of the vertical driver FET. As the drain current of FET flows through the LED, the light output of LED is effectively controlled by the gate voltage of the driver FET. This device operates as a three-terminal optoelectronic device controlled by an electric input.
Distance protection using an artificial neural network (1997)

The artificial neural network (ANN) is a system composed of a large number of simple processing elements operating in parallel. Its ability to recognize learned patterns is determined by network structure, connection strengths and the computation performed at simple processing elements (neurons). This approach can be adapted to recognizing learned patterns of behavior in electric power systems where exact functional relationships are neither well defined nor easily computable. This paper is directed toward the application of artificial neural networks to distance protection under conditions of forward or reverse pre-fault loading, high or low source impedance and variable ground fault resistance.
Histone chaperone Asf1 is required for histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation, a modification associated with S phase in mitosis and meiosis (2006)

Histone acetylation affects many nuclear processes including transcription, chromatin assembly, and DNA damage repair. Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3 K56ac) in budding yeast occurs during mitotic S phase and persists during DNA damage repair. Here, we show that H3 K56ac is also present during premeiotic S phase and is conserved in fission yeast. Furthermore, the H3 K56ac modification is not observed in the absence of the histone chaperone Asf1. asf1delta and H3 K56R mutants exhibit similar sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Mutational analysis of Asf1 demonstrates that DNA damage sensitivity correlates with (i) decreased levels of H3 K56ac and (ii) a region implicated in histone binding. In contrast, multiple asf1 mutants that are resistant to DNA damage display WT levels of K56ac. These data suggest that maintenance of H3 K56 acetylation is a primary contribution of Asf1 to genome stability in yeast.
A 0.4-V Low Noise Amplifier Using Forward Body Bias Technology for 5 GHz Application (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A fully integrated low noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for ultra low voltage and ultra low power applications is proposed and demonstrated in 0.13 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu$</tex></formula>m CMOS technology. In order to meet the requirement of ultra low voltage applications, a two-stage common-source configuration is employed. By using forward-body-biased metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, the proposed LNA can operate at 0.4 V supply voltage, successfully demonstrating the application potential of dynamic threshold voltage technology in the radio frequency region. The experimental results show that the proposed LNA has a 10.3 dB power gain and a 5.3 dB noise figure, while consuming only 1.03 mW dc power with an ultra low supply voltage of 0.4 V. </para>
Synthesis and properties of 2-azido-NAD+. A study of interaction with glutamate dehydrogenase. (1990)

A photoactive coenzyme analog of NAD+ has been synthesized by chemically coupling [32P]2-azido-AMP and NMN to produce [32P]nicotinamide 2-azidoadenosine dinucleotide (2-azido-NAD+). The utility of 2-azido-NAD+ as an effective active-site-directed photoprobe was demonstrated using bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase as a model enzyme. In the absence of ultraviolet light, 2-azido-NAD+ is a substrate for this enzyme. Photoincorporation of probe was saturable with two different apparent dissociation constants of 10 microM and 40 microM. Protection of photoinsertion was seen with the natural substrate NAD+ with apparent dissociation constants of less than 5 microM and 25 microM. This observation may be explained on the basis of negative cooperative interaction between the subunits. The photoinsertion of 2-azido-NAD+ was increased by GTP and decreased by ADP in accordance with their known effects on NAD+ binding. When the enzyme was covalently modified by photolysis in the presence of saturating amounts of photoprobe, an approximately 40% inhibition of the enzyme activity was observed. These results demonstrate that the photoaffinity coenzyme analog has potential application as a probe to characterize NAD(+)-binding proteins and to identify the active sites of these proteins.
AlInAs/InGaAs long-period-superlattice resonant-tunnellingtransistor (LPSRTT) (1997)

A new long-period-superlattice resonant-tunnelling transistor (LPSRTT) with a 20-period i-AlInAs/n-InGaAs superlattice has been fabricated and demonstrated. This device exhibits good transistor performance, e.g., the very small offset voltage. Furthermore, an interesting negative-differential-resistance (NDR) phenomenon resulting from the RT through the superlattice region is obtained at 77 K.
Human phenol sulfotransferase pharmacogenetics: STP1 gene cloning and structural characterization (1996)

Sulfate conjugation catalysed by phenol sulfotransferase (PST) is an important pathway in the metabolism of many drugs. Two isoforms of PST have been characterized biochemically in human tissues-a thermostable (TS), or phenol-metabolizing (P) and a thermolabile (TL), or monoamine-metabolizing (M) form. Pharmacogenetic studies of TS and TL PST activities in the human blood platelet showed that the activities of these two isoforms were regulated by separate genetic polymorphisms. Subsequently, a series of TS PST cDNAs were cloned, and, based on sequence homology, those cDNAs could be classified as members of two separate subgroups, designated here as 'TS PST1' and 'TS PST2'-indicating the existence of three rather than two PST isoforms; TS PST1, TS PST2 and TL PST. The genes encoding TS PST2, STP2, and TL PST, STM, have been cloned, structurally characterized and mapped to chromosome 16-the same chromosome on which the TS PST1 gene, STP1, is localized. As a step toward molecular pharmacogenetic studies of sulfate conjugation in humans, we set out to clone and structurally characterize STP1, the remaining uncharacterized human PST gene. We found that STP1 spanned approximately 4.4 kb and contained 9 exons. The first two exons, IA and IB, were identified by performing 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) with human liver cDNA as template. Exons IA and IB were noncoding and represented two different cDNA 5'-untranslated region sequences. No canonical TATA box sequences were present within the 5'-flanking regions of the gene, i.e. regions flanking exons IA and IB. Finally, use of the long polymerase chain reaction made it possible to determine that STP1 is located approximately 45 kb 5'-upstream from STP2 on the short arm of human chromosome 16. Cloning and structural characterization of STP1, when combined with knowledge of the structures of STP2 and STM, will make it possible to study the molecular basis for the genetic regulation of PST activity in human tissue.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus nsp1 Facilitates Efficient Propagation in Cells through a Specific Translational Shutoff of Host mRNA (2012)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SCoV) is an enveloped virus containing a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. Nine mRNAs carrying a set of common 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) are synthesized from the incoming viral genomic RNA in cells infected with SCoV. A nonstructural SCoV nsp1 protein causes a severe translational shutoff by binding to the 40S ribosomal subunits. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNA. However, the mechanism by which SCoV viral proteins are efficiently produced in infected cells in which host protein synthesis is impaired by nsp1 is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the viral UTRs in evasion of the nsp1-mediated shutoff. Luciferase activities were significantly suppressed in cells expressing nsp1 together with the mRNA carrying a luciferase gene, while nsp1 failed to suppress luciferase activities of the mRNA flanked by the 5'UTR of SCoV. An RNA-protein binding assay and RNA decay assay revealed that nsp1 bound to stem-loop 1 (SL1) in the 5'UTR of SCoV RNA and that the specific interaction with nsp1 stabilized the mRNA carrying SL1. Furthermore, experiments using an SCoV replicon system showed that the specific interaction enhanced the SCoV replication. The specific interaction of nsp1 with SL1 is an important strategy to facilitate efficient viral gene expression in infected cells, in which nsp1 suppresses host gene expression. Our data indicate a novel mechanism of viral gene expression control by nsp1 and give new insight into understanding the pathogenesis of SARS.
Dielectrophoretic nanoassembly of individual carbon nanotubes onto nanoelectrodes (2006)

Dielectrophoretic assembly of individual carbon nanotube (CNT) based NEMS is experimentally realized with nanoelectrodes fabricated using electron-beam lithography. The successful manipulation and assembly of single carbon nanotubes using dielectrophoretic forces produced by nanoelectrodes lead to a higher integration of CNTs into both nanoelectronics and NEMS
Among the Anthropologists (1938)

Among the Anthropologists Get access Guy B. Johnson Guy B. Johnson University of North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 17, Issue 1, October 1938, Pages 131–135, https://doi.org/10.2307/2571159 Published: 01 October 1938
A Fast Stereo Matching Method (1997)

Stereo matching is important in the area of computer vision and photogrammetry. This paper presents a fast stereo matching algorithm which produces a dense disparity map by using a pyramid structure, fast correlation and dynamic programming techniques. Fast correlation is achieved by using the box filtering technique which is invariant to the size of the correlation window. The disparity for each scan line is found in the correlation matrix by finding the best path using dynamic programming rather than simply choosing the position that gives the maximum correlation coefficient. Both synthetic and real image tests have been performed, and good results have been obtained. Keywords: Image matching, Stereo vision, Pyramid, Coarse-to-fine, Fast correlation, Dynamic programming, Box filtering, Similarity measure. 1 Introduction The correspondence problem in stereo vision concerns the matching of points or other kinds of primitives in two images such that the matched points are the project...
Computational identification of a metal organic framework for high selectivity membrane-based CO2/CH4 separations: Cu(hfipbb)(H2hfipbb)0.5 (2009)

The identification of membrane materials with high selectivity for CO(2)/CH(4) mixtures could revolutionize this industrially important separation. We predict using computational methods that a metal organic framework (MOF), Cu(hfipbb)(H(2)hfipbb)(0.5), has unprecedented selectivity for membrane-based separation of CO(2)/CH(4) mixtures. Our calculations combine molecular dynamics, transition state theory, and plane wave DFT calculations to assess the importance of framework flexibility in the MOF during molecular diffusion. This combination of methods should also make it possible to identify other MOFs with attractive properties for kinetic separations.
Guiding multidimensional analysis using decision trees (2013)

Visualization technology makes it easier for users to spot patterns in data that would be difficult to find using only a computer algorithm. However, the discovery of a particular pattern is often only the first step in any analytical process, with the ultimate goal being insight into the underlying causes of this pattern. In current explorative interfaces, this analytical process often involves iterative hypothesis generation and testing, which gets exponentially more complex and time consuming as the dimensionality of the data set increases. In this paper, we suggest a technique that helps a user generate potential hypotheses for a particular observation or visual feature by reporting correlated dimensions. We use a modified decision tree algorithm that is not tuned for optimal classification, but for broad correlation detection. This paper presents the rationale for, algorithmic improvements in, and performance characteristics of the proposed technique, as well as a prototype implementation into a commercial data analysis tool.