gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mice Lacking Sodium Channel β1 Subunits Display Defects in Neuronal Excitability, Sodium Channel Expression, and Nodal Architecture (2004)

Sodium channel beta1 subunits modulate alpha subunit gating and cell surface expression and participate in cell adhesive interactions in vitro. beta1-/- mice appear ataxic and display spontaneous generalized seizures. In the optic nerve, the fastest components of the compound action potential are slowed and the number of mature nodes of Ranvier is reduced, but Na(v)1.6, contactin, caspr 1, and K(v)1 channels are all localized normally at nodes. At the ultrastructural level, the paranodal septate-like junctions immediately adjacent to the node are missing in a subset of axons, suggesting that beta1 may participate in axo-glial communication at the periphery of the nodal gap. Sodium currents in dissociated hippocampal neurons are normal, but Na(v)1.1 expression is reduced and Na(v)1.3 expression is increased in a subset of pyramidal neurons in the CA2/CA3 region, suggesting a basis for the epileptic phenotype. Our results show that beta1 subunits play important roles in the regulation of sodium channel density and localization, are involved in axo-glial communication at nodes of Ranvier, and are required for normal action potential conduction and control of excitability in vivo.
Water jetting arm optimal design consideration for a ROV trencher (2015)

ROV trencher is a kind of ROV which trench the sea floor using specifically designed water jetting tool. For this trencher, maximization of trenching depth and trenching speed (or progress rate) are two of key performance, both of which directly depend on the proper design of jetting arm system. In this paper, we discuss some of optimal design considerations for water jetting arm system through laboratory experiments using sandy soil. First, we carry out jetting angle tests to investigate the relationships between jetting angle, traverse rate <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , and trenching depth. And then, with fixed jetting angle, we carry out additional tests to investigate the relationship of jetting power vs. traverse rate vs. trenching depth, from which we can roughly assess the prototype trenching performance using Froude similarity. CFD simulation is also carried out to demonstrate the experiment results. In the case of cohesive clay soil, we assess the prototype trenching performance using existing jet trenching model [1],[2].
Mitotic chromosome loss in a radiation-sensitive strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1981)

Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutations in the RAD52 gene have previously been shown to be defective in meiotic and mitotic recombination, in sporulation, and in repair of radiation-induced damage to DNA. In this study we show that diploid cells homozygous for rad52 lose chromosomes at high frequencies and that these frequencies of loss can be increased dramatically by exposure of these cells to x-rays. Genetic analyses of survivors of x-ray treatment demonstrate that chromosome loss events result in the conversion of diploid cells to cells with near-haploid chromosome numbers.
The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 interacts with the AP-2 adaptor and is endocytosed via the clathrin-mediated pathway. (1998)

Cell-cell interactions mediated via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are dynamically regulated during nervous system development. One mechanism to control the amount of cell surface CAMs is to regulate their recycling from the plasma membrane. The L1 subfamily of CAMs has a highly conserved cytoplasmic domain that contains a tyrosine, followed by the alternatively spliced RSLE (Arg-Ser-Leu-Glu) sequence. The resulting sequence of YRSL conforms to a tyrosine-based sorting signal that mediates clathrin-dependent endocytosis of signal-bearing proteins. The present study shows that L1 associates in rat brain with AP-2, a clathrin adaptor that captures plasma membrane proteins with tyrosine-based signals for endocytosis by coated pits. In vitro assays demonstrate that this interaction occurs via the YRSL sequence of L1 and the mu 2 chain of AP-2. In L1-transfected 3T3 cells, L1 endocytosis is blocked by dominant-negative dynamin that specifically disrupts clathrin-mediated internalization. Furthermore, endocytosed L1 colocalizes with the transferrin receptor (TfR), a marker for clathrin-mediated internalization. Mutant forms of L1 that lack the YRSL do not colocalize with TfR, indicating that the YRSL mediates endocytosis of L1. In neurons, L1 is endocytosed preferentially at the rear of axonal growth cones, colocalizing with Eps15, another marker for the clathrin endocytic pathway. These results establish a mechanism by which L1 can be internalized from the cell surface and suggest that an active region of L1 endocytosis at the rear of growth cones is important in L1-dependent axon growth.
Dual-stage track-following servo design for hard disk drives (1999)

Discrete time, 25 KTPI track-following servos were designed for magnetic hard disk drive dual stage actuators using the /spl mu/-synthesis methodology. The design methodology was tested on two microactuator models. The first is a model of a piezoelectrically actuated suspension, under development by Hutchinson Technology Incorporated. The second is a model of an electrostatically actuated MEMS microactuator, under development by the IBM Almaden Research Center. Low order controllers were successfully designed for both models, which achieved the prescribed robustness and performance requirements.
Armadillo is required for adherens junction assembly, cell polarity, and morphogenesis during Drosophila embryogenesis. (1996)

Morphological and biochemical analyses have identified a set of proteins which together form a structure known as the adherens junction. Elegant experiments in tissue culture support the idea that adherens junctions play a key role in cell-cell adhesion and in organizing cells into epithelia. During normal embryonic development, cells quickly organize epithelia; these epithelial cells participate in many of the key morphogenetic movements of gastrulation. This prompted the hypothesis that adherens junctions ought to be critical for normal embryonic development. Drosophila Armadillo, the homologue of vertebrate beta-catenin, is a core component of the adherens junction protein complex and has been hypothesized to be essential for adherens junction function in vivo. We have used an intermediate mutant allele of armadillo, armadilloXP33, to test these hypotheses in Drosophila embryos. Adherens junctions cannot assemble in the absence of Armadillo, leading to dramatic defects in cell-cell adhesion. The epithelial cells of the embryo lose adhesion to each other, round up, and apparently become mesenchymal. Mutant cells also lose their normal cell polarity. These disruptions in the integrity of epithelia block the appropriate morphogenetic movements of gastrulation. These results provide the first demonstration of the effect of loss of adherens junctions on Drosophila embryonic development.
Curvature‐Driven, One‐Step Assembly of Reconfigurable Smectic Liquid Crystal “Compound Eye” Lenses (2015)

A self-assembly of microlenses on a curved interface can be obtained by pinning smectic liquid crystals around a micropillar with appropriate boundary conditions. This hierarchical structure of microlenses, with variable focal lengths from a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers, is similar to an insect's compound eye; the lenses are reconfigurable with temperature and sensitive to light polarization. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides: Functional implications and measurement of activities (2014)

Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides mediate diverse signaling effects in virtually all organs and tissues. Most models of purinergic signaling depend on functional interactions between distinct processes, including (i) the release of endogenous ATP and other nucleotides, (ii) triggering of signaling events via a series of nucleotide-selective ligand-gated P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors as well as adenosine receptors and (iii) ectoenzymatic interconversion of purinergic agonists. The duration and magnitude of purinergic signaling is governed by a network of ectoenzymes, including the enzymes of the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family, the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family, ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and other alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Along with "classical" inactivating ectoenzymes, recent data provide evidence for the co-existence of a counteracting ATP-regenerating pathway comprising the enzymes of the adenylate kinase (AK) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK/NME/NM23) families and ATP synthase. This review describes recent advances in this field, with special emphasis on purine-converting ectoenzymes as a complex and integrated network regulating purinergic signaling in such (patho)physiological states as immunomodulation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, arterial calcification and other diseases. The second part of this review provides a comprehensive overview and basic principles of major approaches employed for studying purinergic activities, including spectrophotometric Pi-liberating assays, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analyses of purine substrates and metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, bioluminescent, fluorometric and electrochemical enzyme-coupled assays, histochemical staining, and further emphasizes their advantages, drawbacks and suitability for assaying a particular catalytic reaction.
Unsupervised multiresolution texture segmentation using wavelet decomposition (2002)

This paper presents an application of 2D continuous wavelet transform (WT) to texture analysis. A complete set of wavelets is defined from an isotropic mother wavelet called the Mexican hat, allowing the decomposition of an image on different scales. Simple orientation texture features are computed on an analyzing window moving through the resulting images, in order to characterize each region of the image by a feature vector. A multiresolution clustering method, based on Kohonen's (1982) self-organizing map, is then used to group regions into homogeneous areas, according to the similarity of their feature vectors. We show on two examples that the best image segmentation is achieved with a variable size window, depending on the scale of analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-Leakage Bidirectional SCR With Symmetrical Trigger Circuit for ESD Protection in 40-nm CMOS Process (2016)

This paper presents a novel bidirectional electrostatic discharge protection device based on a dual silicon-controlled rectifier with a symmetrical trigger circuit. The proposed device has been realized and verified in a 40-nm CMOS process, which can pass a 3.75-kV HBM and a 250-V MM with a very low standby leakage current of ~27 nA at 25 °C and a bias voltage of 0.9 V with a silicon footprint of only 13 μm × 100 μm.
An Earphone Coupling System for Acute Physiological Studies (1972)

A relatively inexpensive method is described for coupling a very good electrostatic earphone to the hollow ear bar of a sterotaxic device. The electroacoustical coupling system is intended for use with mammals in acute physiological work. The amplitude and phase responses of the system, its harmonic distortion, and its response to transient stimuli are presented.
[Synthesis and biochemical properties of new 10-acyl derivatives of dithranols: acetylsalicyldithranol and 1-acetyllactyldithranol]. (1990)

By reaction of the corresponding acid chlorides of acetylsalicylic acid (8) and L-acetyllactic acid (5) with dithranol (1) in toluene and collidin or pyridine as a base two new 10-acylderivatives of (1) were prepared: L-acetyllactyldithranol (2) and acetylsalicyldithranol (3). Both derivatives strongly inhibited the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicating possible antipsoriatic activity.
Indicator Devices for Detection of Trace Gaseous Hydrazines (2000)

The relatively recent decrease in the acceptable time-weighted-average for hydrazines from 100 parts-per-billion (ppb) to 10 ppb rendered many trace hydrazine detectors either insensitive or inaccurate. Development of a rapid detection method for hydrazines at the new 10-ppb concentration was necessary so that test area personnel could reliably assess airborne hydrazines concentrations of a potentially contaminated area prior to entry. The reduction of Au(III) to Au(0) by hydrazines is a well characterized reaction and application of the corresponding yellow to purple color change was selected as a potentially useful means for detection of trace hydrazines in air. Tests with small quantities of KAuCl4 deposited on a variety of substrates were conducted using verified sources of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, methylhydrazine, and hydrazine at approximately 10 ppb in air. Substrates tested were glass fiber filter paper, glass beads, anion exchange resin (AuCl4- form), and diatomaceous earth. The most successful of these substrates were glass fiber filter paper and diatomaceous earth. The KAuC14 impregnated glass fiber filter paper appeared to be somewhat light sensitive so further tests were conducted using the diatomaceous earth substrate. KAuCl4 concentration, substrate particle size, and sampler configuration were evaluated. Based on these tests, the device selected for further evaluation was a 5mm OD by 50mm glass tube containing 0.02-0.03g of 45/60 mesh diatomaceous earth coated with 2 percent KAuCl4. When connected to a sampling pump, response of the device to changes in relative humidity, ambient light, and high levels of other fluids, which might also be found in a propellant test area, was evaluated. False positive responses were not detected for exposures to relative humidity changes from 10 to 80 percent, sunlight for greater than 10 minutes, or percent levels of ammonia, isopropyl alcohol, nitrogen dioxide, and hydrogen. In addition, body emissions did not produce a false positive response in view of potential application for use inside protective clothing. The device was shown to reliably detect less than 10 ppb of the hydrazines tested using a 10 to 20L sample followed by a 2 to 5 minute color development time. Some field tests were conducted in parallel with conventional acidic firebrick sorbent tubes. There was generally very good agreement between the devices and firebrick sorbent tubes when greater than 10 ppb of a hydrazine was present.
Synthesis of ß-Thioxoketones: by<i>t</i>-Butyllithium-Promoted Claisen Condensation Reaction of Ketones with Thionoesters (1985)

Condensation entre des alcanones-2, des cyclanones et les thioacetate et thiopropionate de O-ethyle en presence de t-butyl-lithium
Effect of precooling on high intensity cycling performance. (1999)

Precooling improves short term cycling performance, possibly by initiating skin vasoconstriction which may increase blood availability to the working muscles. Future research is required to determine the physiological basis for the ergogenic effects of precooling on high intensity exercise.
Type 1 Protein Phosphatase Acts in Opposition to Ipll Protein Kinase in Regulating Yeast Chromosome Segregation (1994)

The IPL1 gene is required for high-fidelity chromosome segregation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conditional ipl1ts mutants missegregate chromosomes severely at 37 degrees C. Here, we report that IPL1 encodes an essential putative protein kinase whose function is required during the later part of each cell cycle. At 26 degrees C, the permissive growth temperature, ipl1 mutant cells are defective in the recovery from a transient G2/M-phase arrest caused by the antimicrotubule drug nocodazole. In an effort to identify additional gene products that participate with the Ipl1 protein kinase in regulating chromosome segregation in yeast, a truncated version of the previously identified DIS2S1/GLC7 gene was isolated as a dosage-dependent suppressor of ipl1ts mutations. DIS2S1/GLC7 is predicted to encode a catalytic subunit (PP1C) of type 1 protein phosphatase. Overexpression of the full-length DIS2S1/GLC7 gene results in chromosome missegregation in wild-type cells and exacerbates the mutant phenotype in ipl1 cells. In addition, the glc7-1 mutation can partially suppress the ipl1-1 mutation. These results suggest that type 1 protein phosphatase acts in opposition to the Ipl1 protein kinase in vivo to ensure the high fidelity of chromosome segregation.
Stability and Error Estimates for Vector Field Interpolation and Decomposition on the Sphere with RBFs (2009)

A new numerical technique based on radial basis functions (RBFs) is presented for fitting a vector field tangent to the sphere, $\mathbb{S}^2$, from samples of the field at “scattered” locations on $\mathbb{S}^2$. The method naturally provides a way to decompose the reconstructed field into its individual Helmholtz–Hodge components, i.e., into divergence-free and curl-free parts, which is useful in many applications from the atmospheric and oceanic sciences (e.g., in diagnosing the horizontal wind and ocean currents). Several approximation results for the method will be derived. In particular, Sobolev-type error estimates are obtained for both the interpolant and its decomposition. Optimal stability estimates for the associated interpolation matrices are also presented. Finally, numerical validation of the theoretical results is given for vector fields with characteristics similar to those of atmospheric wind fields.
Gastrin releasing peptide stimulates the secretion of insulin, but not that of glucagon or somatostatin, from the isolated perfused dog pancreas (1990)

Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is an intrapancreatic peptide, but its physiological function is unknown. Previously, the peptide has been shown to increase plasma levels of insulin and glucagon in vivo in dogs, but no studies on the possible direct actions on islet hormone secretion from the dog pancreas have been undertaken. Therefore, we examined the effects of a 10-min perfusion of synthetic porcine GRP at four different dose rates over a wide range (0.1-50 nmol l-1) on the islet hormone release from the isolated dog pancreas (n = 5-6 in each group) at 5.5 mM glucose. We found that, at all four concentrations tested, GRP rapidly and markedly stimulated insulin secretion. The stimulation was, however, transient: the increased insulin secretion returned to basal levels within 7-8 min despite the ongoing GRP perfusion for 10 min. In contrast, GRP did not affect the pancreatic secretion of glucagon or somatostatin. We conclude that GRP stimulates insulin secretion by a direct pancreatic action without affecting the secretion of glucagon or somatostatin.
Oxide/Polypyrrole Composite Films for Corrosion Protection of Iron (2002)

International audience
An X-band, 2.5 watt continuous wave dielectric resonator oscillator for future military systems (2003)

A 9 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) generating a continuous wave (CW) power output of 2.5 watts at room temperature has been designed and fabricated by incorporating a high power GaAs FET amplifier and a dielectric resonator (DR) in a feedback loop oscillator configuration. The DC to RF conversion efficiency of this DRO is about 11%. The oscillator exhibits a frequency stability of less than 130 ppm over the temperature range of -50 degrees C to +50 degrees C. Measured single-sideband phase noise levels are -105 dBc/Hz and -135 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 100 kHz carrier offset frequencies, respectively. The output power varies from +35 dBm (3.2 watts) at -50 degrees C to +33 dBm (2 watt) at +50 degrees C. The DRO output power is fed into a single-stage GaAs FET amplifier, resulting in a total power output of 6.5 watts at X-band. The overall efficiency of the 6.5 watt DRO unit is about 12%. The pulse power capability of the DRO unit is investigated. The unit can deliver 10 watts of pulse power for a pulse duration of one microsecond or less.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Construction and application of plasmids containing bidirectional promoters of vaccinia virus (1988)

A bidirectional expression vector containing both the 11KD late promoter (p11) and the presumptive 25KD early promoter (p25) was constructed. These bidirectional vectors have been applied to the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen by using one of the promoters for beta-galactosidase as the marker gene and the other one for hepatitis B surface antigen as the target gene.
Phosphorus‐based Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Addition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides (2014)

Bifunctional phosphonium salts were synthesized and employed as organocatalysts for the atom efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides for the first time. These catalysts were obtained in high yields by a modular, straightforward one-step synthesis. The hydrogen-bond donating alcohol function in the side chain leads to a synergistic effect accelerating the catalytic reaction. The desired cyclic carbonates are obtained in high yields and selectivity under solvent-free reaction conditions without the use of any co-catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions various epoxides were converted to the corresponding cyclic carbonates in excellent yields. The products were obtained analytically pure after simple filtration over a silica gel pad. This protocol is even applicable for a multigram reaction scale. Moreover, the catalysts could be easily recovered and reused up to five times.
Political Violence in Southeast Asia Since 1945: Case Studies from Six Countries (2021)

Political Violence in Southeast Asia Since 1945 is an important and timely contribution to the interdisciplinary literature on mass political violence in an understudied region. While a plethora of...
A QoE Management System for Ubiquitous IPTV Devices (2009)

The use of the triple-play services is growing up very quick in the recent years. This has come by the hand of the higher bandwidth offered in broadband access by the service providers. IPTV is the service that has been experienced more request, although it was the least developed. One of its biggest problems is to meet enough quality of experience (QoE) for the customers. This paper presents a QoE management system to guaranty enough IPTV QoE to the customer independently of its type of connection (wired or wireless). The User's QoE depends, among others, on the video quality, the zapping time and the synchronization time. The system calculates the user's QoE and notifies him which networks are available for him and have higher QoE. Then, the user decides to roam to that network. The system allows providing ubiquity to multi-network devices.
Performance of threshold switching in chalcogenide glass for 3D stackable selector (2013)

The nature of threshold switching (TS) in AsTeGeSiN-based selector devices is comprehensively investigated. The scaling of the AC response is limited up to 5 ns due to a finite intrinsic delay time. An analytical model allows the accurate prediction of the TS nature, which can be merged to a numerical circuit simulation for providing essential guideline of the required selectivity performance.