gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coding distortion caused by a phase difference between the LP filter and its residual (2003)

Several speech coding algorithms modify the time scale of the residual signal to facilitate efficient coding of pitch information. Time scaling, however, results in a phase difference between the coded residual signal and the time-variant linear prediction (LP) filter used for synthesis in the decoder. In this paper, we examine the coding distortion induced by this phase difference. Moreover, we show that it may cause audible artifacts to the synthesized speech even if lossless coding of all parameters is employed. These artifacts occur particularly at onsets when the frequency response of successive LP filters changes rapidly. A waveform interpolation coder is used to illustrate the effects of the phase mismatch.
Gold nanoparticle capture within protein crystal scaffolds (2016)

DNA assemblies have been used to organize inorganic nanoparticles into 3D arrays, with emergent properties arising as a result of nanoparticle spacing and geometry. We report here the use of engineered protein crystals as an alternative approach to biologically mediated assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. The protein crystal's 13 nm diameter pores result in an 80% solvent content and display hexahistidine sequences on their interior. The hexahistidine sequence captures Au25(glutathione)∼17 (nitrilotriacetic acid)∼1 nanoclusters throughout a chemically crosslinked crystal via the coordination of Ni(ii) to both the cluster and the protein. Nanoparticle loading was validated by confocal microscopy and elemental analysis. The nanoparticles may be released from the crystal by exposure to EDTA, which chelates the Ni(ii) and breaks the specific protein/nanoparticle interaction. The integrity of the protein crystals after crosslinking and nanoparticle capture was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
Spectroscopic Observation of Dual Catalytic Sites During Oxidation of CO on a Au/TiO <sub>2</sub> Catalyst (2011)

The prevailing view of CO oxidation on gold-titanium oxide (Au/TiO(2)) catalysts is that the reaction occurs on metal sites at the Au/TiO(2) interface. We observed dual catalytic sites at the perimeter of 3-nanometer Au particles supported on TiO(2) during CO oxidation. Infrared-kinetic measurements indicate that O-O bond scission is activated by the formation of a CO-O(2) complex at dual Ti-Au sites at the Au/TiO(2) interface. Density functional theory calculations, which provide the activation barriers for the formation and bond scission of the CO-O(2) complex, confirm this model as well as the measured apparent activation energy of 0.16 electron volt. The observation of sequential delivery and reaction of CO first from TiO(2) sites and then from Au sites indicates that catalytic activity occurs at the perimeter of Au nanoparticles.
School Counselors, Teachers, and the Culturally Compatible Classroom: Partnerships in Multicultural Education (1995)

School counselors need to advise their teaching colleagues on incorporating diversity within classrooms. This discussion includes various ways counselors can advise and introduce strategies to teachers that will avoid inappropriate pedagogical habits regarding ethnicity, class, gender, and disabling challenges. Such partnerships will ensure the reality of culturally compatible classrooms.
Intrusion Detection for Advanced Metering Infrastructures: Requirements and Architectural Directions (2010)

The security of Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) is of critical importance. The use of secure protocols and the enforcement of strong security properties have the potential to prevent vulnerabilities from being exploited and from having costly consequences. However, as learned from experiences in IT security, prevention is one aspect of a comprehensive approach that must also include the development of a complete monitoring solution. In this paper, we explore the practical needs for monitoring and intrusion detection through a thorough analysis of the different threats targeting an AMI.
Implementing information systems with stakeholder analysis: A case study (1993)

Despite the proliferation of information technology, the implementation of information systems remains problematic. While some organizations have been successful in implementing information systems, many systems fail to live up to expectations and some end up as disasters. This article describes how stakeholder analysis was used in the successful implementation of a decision support system in the Nev/ Zealand army. The system gives legal advice to New Zealand Army commanders about the laws of armed conflict.
Conserved Residues in the UL24 Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Are Important for Dispersal of the Nucleolar Protein Nucleolin (2009)

The UL24 family of proteins is widely conserved among herpesviruses. We demonstrated previously that UL24 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is important for the dispersal of nucleolin from nucleolar foci throughout the nuclei of infected cells. Furthermore, the N-terminal portion of UL24 localizes to nuclei and can disperse nucleolin in the absence of any other viral proteins. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that highly conserved residues in UL24 are important for the ability of the protein to modify the nuclear distribution of nucleolin. We constructed a panel of substitution mutations in UL24 and tested their effects on nucleolin staining patterns. We found that modified UL24 proteins exhibited a range of subcellular distributions. Mutations associated with a wild-type localization pattern for UL24 correlated with high levels of nucleolin dispersal. Interestingly, mutations targeting two regions, namely, within the first homology domain and overlapping or near the previously identified PD-(D/E)XK endonuclease motif, caused the most altered UL24 localization pattern and the most drastic reduction in its ability to disperse nucleolin. Viral mutants corresponding to the substitutions G121A and E99A/K101A both exhibited a syncytial plaque phenotype at 39 degrees C. vUL24-E99A/K101A replicated to lower titers than did vUL24-G121A or KOS. Furthermore, the E99A/K101A mutation caused the greatest impairment of HSV-1-induced dispersal of nucleolin. Our results identified residues in UL24 that are critical for the ability of UL24 to alter nucleoli and further support the notion that the endonuclease motif is important for the function of UL24 during infection.
Understanding dopamine and reinforcement learning: The dopamine reward prediction error hypothesis (2011)

A number of recent advances have been achieved in the study of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Understanding these advances and how they relate to one another requires a deep understanding of the computational models that serve as an explanatory framework and guide ongoing experimental inquiry. This intertwining of theory and experiment now suggests very clearly that the phasic activity of the midbrain dopamine neurons provides a global mechanism for synaptic modification. These synaptic modifications, in turn, provide the mechanistic underpinning for a specific class of reinforcement learning mechanisms that now seem to underlie much of human and animal behavior. This review describes both the critical empirical findings that are at the root of this conclusion and the fantastic theoretical advances from which this conclusion is drawn.
实生和组培赤桉的生长比较：深层砂土和沙粘复土9月龄根,茎和叶的形态 (1996)

赤桉组培苗和实生苗的早期生长对比表明，种内各基因型（生活型）间存在着较强的形态上的差异，但是没有外表上的差异，无论是地上部分还是地下部分，都具有其微繁（组培苗）属性。９个月生的我性系林木较之实生苗林分稳定。实生林木和无性林木大都有发达的深生根和穿透粘重土壤的相同能力。然而，这种无性秒群体体有一种特定属性，其根的分布集中在土壤（剖面）上部的２０ｃｍ优越的养分和水分条件下，９个月生的实生林和组培林的优
Indoor Signal Focusing by Means of Fresnel Zone Plate Lens Attached to Building Wall (2004)

A simple inexpensive on-wall Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens for indoor focusing of microwave signals is studied. It consists of concentric metal rings mounted on the outside of an exterior building wall. In our theoretical and empirical work the on-wall FZP lens is illuminated normally by a plane or spherical wave, of vertical or horizontal polarization, but other, more general incidence situations can be treated by similar means. The scalar quasi-optical focusing theory of the free-space zone plate has been modified and used for design and analysis of one-, two-, and three-ring on-wall FZP lenses. It is found that the presence of the wall does not change the FZP lens focusing efficiency significantly, but it has a strong axial defocusing effect. A 2-GHz FZP lens assembly consisting of three metal rings made out of thin antimosquito mesh has a focusing efficiency of about 15 dB (measured) and 14 dB (calculated), and axial defocusing of about 0.22 m. Some variations of on-wall/on-roof FZP lenses and their feasible applications in the microwave/millimeter-wave communication links are also discussed.
Efficient message scheduling in ad hoc networks (2002)

The field of ad hoc networks is currently receiving a lot of attention due to its immense potential in diverse applications. Most of the research in this area is focused on designing efficient routing protocols. As per our knowledge, the issue of QoS improvement in ad hoc networks is yet to be addressed. We examine the use of packet scheduling at the network level so as to improve the network QoS. We present two scheduling strategies that schedule packets based on the length of the message to which they belong. Simulations conducted on ns, the network simulator from the University of California at Berkeley, indicate that substantial improvement in terms of end-to-end message delay can be obtained without adversely affecting the network message throughput.
Mapping strain exerted on blood vessel walls using deuterium double-quantum-filtered MRI (1998)

A technique is described for displaying distinct tissue layers of large blood vessel walls as well as measuring their mechanical strain. The technique is based on deuterium double-quantum-filtered (DQF) spectroscopic imaging. The effectiveness of the double-quantum filtration in suppressing the signal of bulk water is demonstrated on a phantom consisting of rat tail tendon fibers. Only intrafibrillar water is displayed, excluding all other signals of water molecules that reorient isotropically. One- and two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging of bovine aorta and coronary arteries show the characteristic DQF spectrum of each of the tissue layers. This property is used to obtain separate images of the outer layer, the tunica adventitia, or the intermediate layer, the tunica media, or both. To visualize the effect of elongation, the average residual quadrupole splitting <delta nu q> is calculated for each pixel. Two-dimensional deuterium quadrupolar splitting images are obtained for a fully relaxed and a 55% elongated sample of bovine coronary artery. These images indicate that the strong effect of strain is associated with water molecules in the tunica adventitia whereas the DQF NMR signal of water in the tunica media is apparently strain-insensitive. After appropriate calibration, these average quadrupolar splitting images can be interpreted as strain maps.
THE IMPACT OF NON-CONFORMANCES ON PATIENT CARE AT A PATHOLOGY TERTIARY CARE LABORATORY IN SOUTH AFRICA (2013)

Introduction Although several studies have reported that laboratory errors may have some effect on patient care, few have studied non-conformance reports specifically. Clinical governance is a framework through which laboratories can improve the quality of their service and boost high standards of patient care. One of the measures of achieving this is by the identification and control of errors. For the purpose of this publication, non-conformances will refer to the recognition and documentation of laboratory errors. They are activities that fail to conform to specified standards. Methods This was a retrospective study of the non-conformance reports for five accredited pathology divisions (Chemical Pathology, Haematology, Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Virology) at an academic tertiary laboratory of the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital over a three year period. The medical records of patients that were directly implicated by the non-conformances were reviewed to determine the impact to their healthcare. Results Five hundred and eighty-three non-conformance reports were recorded across the divisions with chemistry having 140 (24%), haematology 65 (11%), medical microbiology 122 (21%), virology 211 (36%) and immunology 45 (8%). Three hundred and sixty-eight (63%) non-conformances had a major impact on patient care such as: delay in treatment in 52 (20%) cases, specimen recollection in 27 (11%) cases, inappropriate or unnecessary therapy in 44 (17%) cases, and inadequate patient care in 56 (22%) cases. Conclusion Although the data was limited by poor adherence to documentation, this could serve as a pilot study where laboratories can be encouraged to document non-conformance reports better so that the appropriate impact of non-conformances on patient care can be ascertained subsequently. With continuous quality improvement measures in the laboratory, more favorable patient outcomes are expected.
Conformational Analysis of Singlet−Triplet State Mixing in Paternò−Büchi Diradicals (2001)

Conformational dependence of spin−orbit coupling (SOC) in flexible Paternò−Büchi (PB) diradicals has been studied with high-level ab initio methods using both (i) one-electron spin−orbit Hamiltonian with parametrized (effective) nuclear charges in conjunction with a state-averaged MCSCF wave function as implemented by Robb in Gaussian 98 and (ii) complete one- and two-electron SOC with a fully optimized MCSCF triplet wave function and frozen core singlet as implemented by Furlani in the GAMESS computational package. The ab initio results revealed two distinct areas of elevated SOC values, one corresponding to the region whereby a cisoid conformation in the C−C−O−C fragment brings the two odd-electron orbitals closer to each other, and the other area corresponding to the partially eclipsed conformation lacking direct overlap between the spin centers. In this second region the 1,4-electronic communication is mediated by the oxygen's 2p-lone pair, which is suitably oriented to play the role of a “relay-antenna”. The other critical factor affecting the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC)singlet−triplet energy separationwas computed utilizing a multireference CASSCF-MP2 method to include dynamic correlation effects. The largest singlet−triplet energy gap, approximately 2 kcal/mol, was found for a gauche conformer (also a minimum SOC conformation). Rotation about the central C−O bond either toward the fully eclipsed (0°) or the partially eclipsed (120°) conformations decreases the singlet−triplet gap while increasing the value of the SOC matrix element. These computational findings support the Griesbeck model for stereochemistry of triplet PB reactions and provide a rigorous basis for predicting the probability of ISC in diradicals separated by a partially conjugated spacer.
Propagation of impulses through the atrioventricular node (1959)

Records taken from the bundle of His and A-V node region of isolated and perfused dogs' hearts showed an action potential (N potential), which appeared after the auricular response and preceding the electrogram of the bundle of His (H potential). The H potential may disappear without affecting the N potential and the latter may be abolished while the auricular electrogram is still present. These observations permit the interpretation that the N potential is generated independently. The temporal course and the time of occurrence of the N potential, indicate that it represents the activity of the A-V node. The N potential divides the A-H interval into A-N and N-H latencies. Progressively increasing frequencies of activation of the auricle lengthened first the N-H latency until the H potential disappeared. Higher frequencies lengthened the A-N latency until the N potential also disappeared. In order to explain the experimental findings, it is suggested that there are two functional discontinuities, one located between the A-V node and the bundle of His, and the other between the atrium and the A-V node; the first is the most vulnerable for propagation.
Solvent modulation in liquid chromatography: general concept and theory (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent modulation in liquid chromatography: general concept and theoryJon H. Wahl, Christie G. Enke, and Victoria L. McGuffinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 14, 1416–1423Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00213a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00213a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparison of three rapid chlamydial tests in pregnant and nonpregnant women. (1992)

The results of the investigation establish that the Clearview and Surecell chlamydial immunoassay tests performed well, particularly for pregnant women.
Tuning the Coordination Environment in Single-Atom Catalysts to Achieve Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reactions (2019)

Designing atomically dispersed metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising approach to achieve efficient energy conversion. Herein, we develop a template-assisted method to synthesize a series of single metal atoms anchored on porous N,S-codoped carbon (NSC) matrix as highly efficient ORR catalysts to investigate the correlation between the structure and their catalytic performance. The structure analysis indicates that an identical synthesis method results in distinguished structural differences between Fe-centered single-atom catalyst (Fe-SAs/NSC) and Co-centered/Ni-centered single-atom catalysts (Co-SAs/NSC and Ni-SAs/NSC) because of the different trends of each metal ion in forming a complex with the N,S-containing precursor during the initial synthesis process. The Fe-SAs/NSC mainly consists of a well-dispersed FeN<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub> center site where S atoms form bonds with the N atoms. The S atoms in Co-SAs/NSC and Ni-SAs/NSC, on the other hand, form metal-S bonds, resulting in CoN<sub>3</sub>S<sub>1</sub> and NiN<sub>3</sub>S<sub>1</sub> center sites. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the FeN<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub> center site is more active than the CoN<sub>3</sub>S<sub>1</sub> and NiN<sub>3</sub>S<sub>1</sub> sites, due to the higher charge density, lower energy barriers of the intermediates, and products involved. The experimental results indicate that all three single-atom catalysts could contribute high ORR electrochemical performances, while Fe-SAs/NSC exhibits the highest of all, which is even better than commercial Pt/C. Furthermore, Fe-SAs/NSC also displays high methanol tolerance as compared to commercial Pt/C and high stability up to 5000 cycles. This work provides insights into the rational design of the definitive structure of single-atom catalysts with tunable electrocatalytic activities for efficient energy conversion.
Spontaneous Resolution of Dissecting Aneurysm of the Vertebral Artery. (2003)

Although dissecting aneurysm of vertebral artery were once thought to be extremely rare, they are now recognized with increasing frequency by dint of aggressive work-up using sophisticated imaging techniques. Vertebral dissection most commonly result from cervical hyperextension and lateral cervical rotation. Our two cases followed suit respectively and presented with ischemic symptoms. The vertebral angiogram demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm at the site of dissection in both cases. Presence or absence of SAH, size of dissection and incorporation of the PICA into dissection greatly have influence upon the outcome after treatment. The authors report two cases of dissecting aneurysm of vertebral artery, in which complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm was spontaneously achieved following conservative management. (Kor J Cerebrovascular Surgery 5:67-70, 2003)
A modified surgical procedure for concealed penis (2015)

Our modified surgical procedure is effective and feasible for a concealed penis. Although extra procedures were needed for the modified repair, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and cosmetic result of operative scar between the two procedures were similar. Compared with traditional repair, modified repair has better clinical outcomes.
Effect of nanoparticles on mode‐I fracture toughness of polyurethane foams (2008)

Abstract Mode‐I fracture toughness of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam modified with nanosize particles of different shapes and sizes have been examined using a single edge notched bend (SENB) specimen under three‐point bending configuration. The PUR foams with density of 260 kg/m 3 and four different types of nanoparticles, namely, nano TiO 2 (5, 10, and 35 nm), nanoclay, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are considered. Nanophased PUR foams are prepared through the infusion of nanoparticles into liquid PUR foam precursor in the range of 0.5–2 wt% with 0.5‐wt% increment using a sonochemical method. The linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) model has been used to determine the mode‐I fracture toughness. The fracture toughness data have been validated with the plain strain fracture criteria and found to be appropriate. It is observed that the infusion of CNF at 0.5‐wt% loading shows the highest enhancement in fracture toughness (about 28%) over neat counter part. Among different sized nano TiO 2 , 5 nm nanoparticles show the highest improvement (about 16%) at a doping of 1.0 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
The system Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 -CaCO 3 at 1 kilobar and its significance in carbonatite petrogenesis (1975)

Carbonatite tuffs and lava clasts of the Tinderet foothills, western Kenya: a study of calcified natrocarbonatites
[Substitution of the ureter with silicon prosthesis under experimental and clinical conditions]. (1977)

Customer slowdown describes the phenomenon that a customer’s service requirement increases with experienced delay. In healthcare settings, there is substantial empirical evidence for slowdown, particularly when a patient’s delay exceeds a certain threshold. For such threshold slowdown situations, we design and analyze a many-server system that leads to a two-dimensional Markov process. Analysis of this system leads to insights into the potentially detrimental effects of slowdown, especially in heavy-traffic conditions. We quantify the consequences of underprovisioning due to neglecting slowdown, demonstrate the presence of a subtle bistable system behavior, and discuss in detail the snowball effect: A delayed customer has an increased service requirement, causing longer delays for other customers, who in turn due to slowdown might require longer service times.