gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low latency video communications over high bandwidth-delay networks using FEC (1994)

Discusses sources of delay for real-time video data transmitted through packet-switched networks. We describe an experiment in which we investigate the use of forward error correction (FEC) as a means of controlling errors during the transport of coded video data. We compare this with traditional ARQ error control techniques. We conclude that for high bandwidth-delay networks, FEC could provide a suitable means of controlling errors in real-time video data.
The Role of IgG4 as Blocking Antibodies in Asthmatics and in Bee Keepers (1985)

Sera from 40 asthmatic patients and from 77 bee keepers were evaluated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for their allergen-specific IgG4 antibody levels. The results indicated that allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies become prominent upon repeated parenteral stimulation with antigen, i.e. immunotherapy and bee stings, and suggested the possible association of IgG4 with blocking antibodies in these allergic conditions.
Sero-epidemiological and -sociological patterns of herpes simplex virus infection in the world. (1990)

A newly developed Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 enzyme immunoassay has been applied to over 40,000 sera from different populations in the US and 17 other countries on all 5 continents. The HSV-1 antibody patterns found permit the current and past socioeconomic status, as well as the extent of oral-genital sexual contact, to be deduced for various populations. The HSV-2 antibody results provide an objective measure of various aspects of sexual behavior: extent of polypartnerism in the subjects tested (or their contacts), early age of sexual experience and acquisition rates of genital herpes. It has thus been possible to extend sero-epidemiology to sero-sociology which can provide objective markers for sexual behavior and effects of intervention or educational approaches. Besides such markers having potential applicability for monitoring other STDs, such as HIV infection, recent studies also support a possible role for HSV infections to increase the transmissibility, not only of HIV-1, but also of HTLV-1.
Investigation of <i>UBE3A</i> and <i>MECP2</i> in Angelman syndrome (AS) and patients with features of AS (Am J Med Genet 125A: 167–172) (2005)

DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.20343 In publishing this manuscript the correct author listing should have read: Megan P. Hitchins,1* Sarah Rickard,2 Fatima Dhalla,2 Una L. Fairbrother,4 Bert B.A. de Vries,2,3 Robin Winter,2 Marcus E. Pembrey,2 and Sue Malcolm2 1Molecular Embryology Unit, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom 2Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom 3Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 4 Department of Medical and Community Genetics, Northwick Park Hospital, Imperial College, Harrow, United Kingdom The Publisher regrets the omission of Dr. Fairbrother as a contributor to the work.
The Synthesis of Pure 1,11,15,25-Tetrasubstitutedphthalocyanines as Single Isomers Using Bisphthalonitriles (1994)

Bisphthalonitriles linked by 2,2-disubstitutedpropan-1,3-diol precursors gave pure 1,11,15,25-substituted isomers of mononuclear phthalocyanine derivatives upon homocyclization. Reasonable yields of these phthalocyanines could be obtained with limited polymeric side-products utilizing modified cyclization methods. The 1H NMR spectrum of these phthalocyanines exhibited the discrete doublet-triplet-doublet proton signals expected of a pure isomer.
Performance of Poly-Carb, Inc. Flexogrid Bridge Overlay System (2001)

Intrusion of deicing materials and surface water into concrete bridge decks is a main contributor in deck reinforcing steel corrosion and concrete delamination. Salt, spread on bridge decks to melt ice, dissolves in water and permeates voids in the concrete deck. When the chloride content of the concrete in contact with reinforcing steel reaches a high enough concentration, the steel oxidizes. In Iowa, the method used to reduce bridge deck chloride penetration is the application of a low slump dense concrete overlay after the completion of all Class A and Class B floor repairs. A possible alternative to the use of dense concrete overlays, developed by Poly-Carb, Inc., is the MARK-163 FLEXOGRID Overlay System. FLEXOGRID is a two component system of epoxy and urethane which is applied on a bridge deck to a minimum thickness of ¼ inch. An aggregate mixture of silica quartz and aluminum oxide is broadcast onto the epoxy at a prescribed rate to provide deck protection and superior friction properties. The material is mixed on site and applied to the deck in a series of lifts (usually two) until the desired overlay thickness has been attained.
Computing parallel prefix and reduction using coterie structures (2003)

The efficient computation of region parameters in image understanding by a SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) array requires that those regions be processed simultaneously. The difficulty is in orchestrating nonuniform data-dependent communication using only a single thread of control. The authors have found that, on reconfigurable broadcast meshes, coterie structures can be used to overcome this problem. They present a deterministic algorithm to compute parallel prefix in O(log N) communication steps for a number of real images and sketch a randomized reduction algorithm based on graph contraction that has O(log N) complexity for all images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A mathematical modeling approach for geographical profiling and crime prediction (2011)

Criminal geographical profile is a methodology of investigation, which makes use of correlation between crime location and crime base of criminal to find out the most probable place of the crime base. We introduce a model to predict the future serial crime location with aid of criminal geographic profiling and the time and locations of past crime scenes. In this model, we take the effect of distance decay and the local geographic features into consideration and formulate a probability density function of the future serial crime site to realize the prediction.
Temperature response of mesophyll conductance in cultivated and wild <i>Oryza</i> species with contrasting mesophyll cell wall thickness (2011)

A critical component of photosynthetic capacity is the conductance of CO(2) from intercellular airspaces to the sites of CO(2) fixation in the stroma of chloroplasts, termed mesophyll conductance (g(m)). Leaf anatomy has been identified as an important determinant of g(m). There are few studies of the temperature response of g(m) and none has examined the implications of leaf anatomy. Hence, we compared a cultivar of Oryza sativa with two wild Oryza relatives endemic to the hot northern savannah of Australia, namely Oryza meridionalis and Oryza australiensis. All three species had similar leaf anatomical properties, except that the wild relatives had significantly thicker mesophyll cell walls than O. sativa. Thicker mesophyll cell walls in the wild rice species are likely to have contributed to the reduction in g(m) , which was associated with a greater drawdown of CO(2) into chloroplasts (C(i) -C(c) ) compared with O. sativa. Mesophyll conductance increased at higher temperatures, whereas the rate of CO(2) assimilation was relatively stable between 20 and 40 °C. Consequently, C(i) -C(c) decreased for all three species as temperature increased.
Efficient block-based parameterized timing analysis covering all potentially critical paths (2008)

In order for the results of timing analysis to be useful, they must provide insight and guidance on how the circuit may be improved so as to fix any reported timing problems. A limitation of many recent variability-aware timing analysis techniques is that, while they report delay distributions, or verify multiple corners, they do not provide the required guidance for re-design. We propose an efficient block-based parameterized timing analysis technique that can accurately capture circuit delay at every point in the parameter space, by reporting all paths that can become critical. Using an efficient pruning algorithm, only those potentially critical paths are carried forward, while all other paths are discarded during propagation. This allows one to examine local robustness to parameters in different regions of the parameter space, not by considering differential sensitivity at a point (which would be useless in this context) but by knowledge of the paths that can become critical at nearby points in parameter space. We give a formal definition of this problem and propose a technique for solving it that improves on the state of the art, both in terms of theoretical computational complexity and in terms of run time on various test circuits.
The No-Drain, No-Quilt Abdominoplasty (2015)

Therapeutic, IV.
Comparison of Camera and Road Survey Estimates for White-Tailed Deer (2006)

Wildlife managers require reliable, cost-effective, and accurate methods for conducting population surveys in making wildlife management decisions. Traditional methods such as spotlight counts, drive counts, strip counts (aerial, thermal, infrared) and mark–recapture techniques can be expensive, labor-intensive, or limited to habitats with high visibility. Convenience sampling designs are often used to circumvent these problems, creating the potential for unknown bias in survey results. Infrared-triggered cameras (ITCs) are a rapidly developing technology that may provide a viable alternative to wildlife managers because they can be economically used with alternative sampling designs. We evaluated population-density estimates from unbaited ITCs and road surveys for the endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) on No Name Key, Florida, USA (461-ha island). Road surveys (n = 253) were conducted along a standardized 4-km route each week at sunrise (n = 90), sunset (n = 93), and nighttime (n = 70) between January 1998 and December 2000 (total deer observed = 4,078). During this same period, 11 ITC stations (1 camera/42 ha) collected 8,625 exposures, of which 5,511 registered deer (64% of photographs). Study results found a difference ( P < 0.001) between methods with road-survey population estimates lower (76 deer) than ITC estimates (166 deer). In comparing the proportion of marked deer between the 2 methods, we observed a higher ( P < 0.001) proportion from road surveys (0.266) than from ITC estimates (0.146). Spatial analysis of deer observations also revealed the sample area coverage to be incongruent between the 2 methods; approximately 79% of all deer observations were on urban roads comprising 63% of the survey route. Lower road-survey estimates are attributed to 1) urban deer behavior resulting in a high proportion of marked deer observations, and 2) inadequate sample area coverage. We suggest that ITC estimates may provide an alternative to road surveys for estimating white-tailed deer densities, and may alleviate sample bias generated by convenience sampling, particularly on small, outer islands where habitat and/or lack of infrastructure (i.e., roads) precludes the use of other methods.
Use of acivicin in the determination of rate constants for turnover of rat renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. (1985)

The specific enzymatic activity of renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is decreased from control levels (0.86 unit-1 mg-1) to minimal values within 2 h postinjection of 100-g rats with acivicin, an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme. The recovery of transpeptidase specific activity was followed from 2 to 24 h postinjection and the data were used to calculate the absolute rate constants for degradation (kd = 0.47 +/- 0.03 day-1) and synthesis (ks = 0.41 +/- 0.04 unit-1 mg-1 day-1). This corresponds to a half-life for the renal transpeptidase of 1.46 +/- 0.09 days and 99% recovery of the specific activity by 10 days postinjection. Recovery was followed for 14 days and closely approximates this theoretical curve. The data from control experiments designed to test for secondary effects of the drug, acivicin, show that neither the relative rate of synthesis nor apparent rate of degradation for either total protein or gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is significantly altered by acivicin treatment of rats. The results also show that the acivicin-inhibited transpeptidase is not degraded differently than enzymatically active enzyme. The individual heterodimer subunits also exhibit similar apparent half-lives in both control and treated animals. Thus, recovery of renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase specific activity after acivicin treatment can be used in vivo to determine absolute values of ks and kd for this enzyme. These values have not been reported for any other constituent of the renal brush-border membrane.
Supporting collocation learning with a digital library (2010)

Extensive knowledge of collocations is a key factor that distinguishes learners from fluent native speakers. Such knowledge is difficult to acquire simply because there is so much of it. This paper describes a system that exploits the facilities offered by digital libraries to provide a rich collocation-learning environment. The design is based on three processes that have been identified as leading to lexical acquisition: noticing, retrieval and generation. Collocations are automatically identified in input documents using natural language processing techniques and used to enhance the presentation of the documents and also as the basis of exercises, produced under teacher control, that amplify students' collocation knowledge. The system uses a corpus of 1.3 B short phrases drawn from the web, from which 29 M collocations have been automatically identified. It also connects to examples garnered from the live web and the British National Corpus.
Auditory perception of walls via spectral variations in the ambient sound field. (1999)

Individuals with visual disabilities often use their hearing in order to maintain a line of travel parallel to walls, such as when walking down a hallway or along the side of a building. Previous studies established that this ability depends on the sense of hearing, but the specific acoustic information has not been investigated. The present paper describes a model of how sound pressure builds up within a meter or so in front of a wall, particularly in the low frequency end of the sound spectrum. This buildup of sound pressure is based on ambient or "background" sound, not self-produced sound such as footsteps. The model leads to a prediction that walls are detected by means of a spectral shift toward low frequencies. This prediction was tested in three experiments, in which sighted adults listened for such spectral shifts. In each experiment, a threshold value was obtained corresponding to the farthest simulated distance from a wall that could be detected. Threshold values were in good agreement with previous observations of the distance at which pedestrians can utilize acoustic information from walls. There was no evidence that simulated listener motion enhanced perception of walls. The model underlying these experiments implies that the term echolocation carries inappropriate connotations about the auditory processes that are involved in walking along walls. It is suggested that a more apt description is that pedestrians listen for spatial variations in the structure of the ambient sound field.
Effects of Binder on the Properties of Iron Ore-Coal Composite Pellets (2010)

Large amounts of fines and superfines are generated in Indian iron ore and coal mines due to mechanized mining and mineral dressing operations. Utilization of these fines for extracting metal is of vital concern for resource utilization and pollution control. For agglomeration of these fines, a suitable binder is required. Iron ore-coal composite pellets were prepared by cold bonding. Various binders such as lime, Ca(OH)2, slaked lime, dextrose, molasses, and sodium polyacrylate (SPA), alone or in combination, were employed for making composite briquettes. The slaked lime–dextrose combination produced the highest strength among the various binders employed for producing composite briquettes and was therefore selected for producing composite pellets for the smelting reduction. In cold bonding, the composite pellets attain the requisite properties due to physico-chemical changes of the binder in ambient conditions. It was possible to obtain a dry strength of more than 300 N per pellet in some cases and more than 200 N per pellet in many trials. Drop strength and shatter index values of composite pellets were also measured. In the present paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the mechanical properties of cold-bonded composite pellets so as to throw some light on the capacity of these pellets to withstand stresses during handling and transportation.
Ionic Liquids Based on Azolate Anions (2009)

Compartmentalized molecular level design of new energetic materials based on energetic azolate anions allows for the examination of the effects of both cation and anion on the physiochemical properties of ionic liquids. Thirty one novel salts were synthesized by pairing diverse cations (tetraphenylphosphonium, ethyltriphenylphosphonium, N-phenyl pyridinium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, and tetrabutylammonium) with azolate anions (5-nitrobenzimidazolate, 5-nitrobenzotriazolate, 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate, 2,4-dinitroimidazolate, 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazolate, 4,5-dinitroimidazolate, 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate, 4-nitroimidazolate, and tetrazolate). These salts have been characterized by DSC, TGA, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The azolates in general are surprisingly stable in the systems explored. Ionic liquids were obtained with all combinations of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and the heterocyclic azolate anions studied, and with several combinations of tetraethyl- or tetrabutylammonium cations and the azolate anions. Favorable structure-property relationships were most often achieved when changing from 4- and 4,5-disubstituted anions to 3,5- and 2,4-disubstituted anions. The most promising anion for use in energetic ionic liquids of those studied here, was 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate, based on its contributions to the entire set of target properties.
SLAM in large indoor environments with low-cost, noisy, and sparse sonars (2009)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a well-studied problem in mobile robotics. However, the majority of the proposed techniques for SLAM rely on the use of accurate and dense measurements provided by laser rangefinders to correctly localize the robot and produce accurate and detailed maps of complex environments. Little work has been done on the use of low-cost but noisy and sparse sonar sensors for SLAM in large indoor environments involving large loops. In this paper, we present our approach to SLAM with sonar sensors by applying particle filtering and a line-segment-based map representation with an orthogonality assumption to map indoor environments much larger and more challenging than those previously considered with sonar sensors. Results from robotic experiments demonstrate that it is possible to produce good maps of large indoor environments with large loops despite the inherent limitations of sonar sensors.
CASE STUDIES IN COMPUTER ADAPTIVE TEST DESIGN THROUGH SIMULATION1,2 (1993)

ABSTRACT The extensive computer simulation work done in developing the computer adaptive versions of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Board General Test and the College Board Admissions Testing Program (ATP) SAT is described in this report. Both the GRE General and SAT computer adaptive tests (CATs), which are fixed length in nature, were developed from pools of items that were calibrated using the three‐parameter logistic IRT model and item selection was based on the recently developed weighted deviations algorithm (see Swanson and Stocking, 1992), which simultaneously deals with content, statistical, and other constraints in the item selection process. For the GRE General CATs (Verbal, Quantitative, and Analytical), item exposure was controlled by using an extension of an approach originally developed by Sympson and Hetter (1988). For the SAT CATs (Verbal and Mathematical), item exposure was controlled by using a less complex randomization approach. Lengths of the CATs were determined so that CAT reliabilities matched or exceeded comparable full length paper‐and‐pencil test reliabilities.
A Bilevel Analytical Model for Dynamic Storage Pricing in a Supply Hub in Industrial Park (SHIP) (2014)

A Supply Hub in Industrial Park (SHIP) is a thirdparty business entity that leases storage space and logistics services among manufacturers located in the same industrial park. Manufacturers may hire warehouses outside the park if SHIP's storage price is exorbitant. This paper discusses how SHIP and manufacturers interact to optimize their decisions on storage pricing, replenishment, and delivery. A dynamic storage pricing strategy depending on storage length is adopted. This problem is modeled as a bilevel program where the SHIP is the leader and manufacturers are followers. Based on further assumptions, the proposed bilevel model is solved in closed-form. A series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to examine the influences of major cost parameters. The results show that SHIP's delivery charge has little impact on the total cost of large manufacturers, and its increase will not always bring profit improvement to SHIP. Contrary to intuition, the SHIP could attract more space demands from large manufacturers when charging higher in delivery or when the public warehouse's delivery charge is lower, and more space demands from small manufacturers when the market storage price is lower. Note to Practitioners-It becomes increasingly common for an industrial park to provide a supply hub for its member enterprises to share warehousing and transportation services. The SHIP gains its main revenue from leasing storage space. Hence, it is natural that SHIP must establish a suitable storage pricing strategy to attain the maximum profit. Being motivated by this challenge, this paper investigates a dynamic storage pricing of SHIP in a typical supply chain with one SHIP and multiple manufacturers. We develop a bilevel model to study this problem and derive the optimal solutions in closed-form for special cases. We provide valuable managerial guidance for the SHIP operator to charge dynamic storage price, and for member enterprises to schedule their replenishment and delivery under different scenarios. Several counterintuitive findings are obtained regarding the influence of delivery costs inside and outside the industrial park, which will attract attention from managers of SHIP and member firms. This paper is limited to certain assumptions in deriving the optimal decisions. In future research, we will relax the assumption and design other methods to solve the proposed bilevel model. We will also investigate other forms of storage pricing strategies, which will shed further light on SHIP's decision automation.
Problemas que plantea la elección de las acciones posesorias de los arts. 250.1.4 y 250.1.5 LEC (2011)

En el marco de la tutela sumaria de la posesion, las acciones para recobrar la posesion y para suspender una obra nueva vienen reguladas en los apartados cuarto y quinto del art. 250.1 LEC, respectivamente. Por este motivo, en ambos casos su tramitacion se seguira, por razon de la materia, por el cauce del juicio verbal (con particularidades). Sin embargo, en la medida que estamos ante acciones de distinta naturaleza, en ningun caso podra justificarse el libre ejercicio de la accion que mas convenga a los intereses del justiciable que, dependiendo de la finalidad pretendida, tendra que optar por una u otra accion.