gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secret image sharing with capability of share data reduction (2003)

A novel approach to secret image sharing based on a (k,n)-threshold scheme with the additional capability of share data re- duction is proposed. A secret image is first transformed into the fre- quency domain using the discrete cosine transform (DCT), which is ap- plied in most compression schemes. Then all the DCT coefficients except the first 10 lower frequency ones are discarded. And the values of the 2nd through the 10th coefficients are disarranged in such a way that they cannot be recovered without the first coefficient and that the inverse DCT of them cannot reveal the details of the original image. Finally, the first coefficient is encoded into a number of shares for a group of secret- sharing participants and the remaining nine manipulated coefficients are allowed to be accessible to the public. The overall effect of this scheme is achievement of effective secret sharing with good reduction of share data. The scheme is thus suitable for certain application environments, such as the uses of mobile or handheld devices, where only a small amount of network traffic for shared transmission and a small amount of space for data storage are allowed. Good experimental results proving the feasibility of the proposed approach are also included. © 2003 Society
Editor's Introduction: Alternative Modernity (2009)

Editor's IntroductionAlternative Modernity Paula Marantz Cohen All the essays in this volume can be loosely grouped under the title of "Alternative Modernity," a phrase employed in the title of one of them. Some of the contributions deal with methodologies or conceptual frameworks that place sets of ideas into new contexts. Others look at the changing nature of ideas or texts assumed to have a static meaning within the modernist lexicon. Finally, a number of the essays focus on formal elements previously ignored or sidelined by critics in their approach to certain texts. Seemingly insignificant imagery and motifs are explored here and shown to have far greater importance in shaping meaning than conventionally believed. In a cluster of essays, sound is a central focus, a shift away from a more common linguistic or visual one. It is our hope that these alternative approaches, both formal and conceptual, will spark new avenues of understanding and imagining in our readers. Copyright © 2009 Indiana University Press
Analysis of heterodyne and confocal microscopy for illumination with broad-bandwidth light (1996)

Abstract An imaging equation is derived which describes heterodyne microscopy with broad-band light illumination. The impact of spherical aberration resulting from imaging into thick samples is investigated. As in confocal microscopy, the lateral resolution is found to be only weakly affected by moderate spherical aberration. The loss in depth resolution can be strongly reduced by using broad-band light with a short coherence length.
Genre in Asian film and television: new approaches (2014)

Asia, the largest continent on earth, has a great diversity of cultures; and as the editors of Genre in Asian Film and Television admit, it is always a challenge to cover the perspectives of Asia a...
Chemical and Physical Variability in Structural Isomers of an <scp>l</scp>/<scp>d</scp> α-Sheet Peptide Designed To Inhibit Amyloidogenesis (2017)

There has been much interest in synthetic peptides as inhibitors of aggregation associated with amyloid diseases. Of particular interest are compounds that target the cytotoxic soluble oligomers preceding the formation of mature, nontoxic fibrils. This study explores physical and chemical differences between two de novo-designed peptides that share an identical primary structure but differ in backbone chirality at six key positions. We show that the presence of alternating l/d-amino acid motifs dramatically increases aqueous solubility, enforces α-sheet secondary structure, and inhibits aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease, in addition to neutralizing its cytotoxicity. In contrast, the all-l-amino acid isomer does not form α-sheet structure and is insoluble and inactive.
Mapping and functional analysis of an instability element in phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate carboxykinase mRNA (2000)

Phosph oenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a key regulatory enzyme of renal gluconeogenesis. The 3′-nontranslated region of the PEPCK mRNA contains an instability element that facilitates its rapid turnover and contributes to the regulation of PEPCK gene expression. Such processes are mediated by specific protein-binding elements. Thus RNA gel shift analysis was used to identify proteins in rat renal cortical cytosolic extracts that bind to the 3′-nontranslated region of the PEPCK mRNA. Deletion constructs were then used to map the binding interactions to two adjacent RNA segments (PEPCK-6 and PEPCK-7). However, competition experiments established that only the binding to PEPCK-7 was specific. Functional studies were performed by cloning similar segments in a luciferase reporter construct, pLuc/Zeo. This analysis indicated that both PEPCK-6 and PEPCK-7 segments were necessary to produce a decrease in luciferase activity equivalent to that observed with the full-length 3′-nontranslated region. Thus the PEPCK-7 segment binds a specific protein that may recruit one or more proteins to form a complex that mediates the rapid decay of the PEPCK mRNA.
Extraction and Separation of Carbohydrates and Phenolic Compounds in Flax Shives with pH-Controlled Pressurized Low Polarity Water (2009)

A bench-scale pressurized low polarity water (PLPW) extractor was used for the extraction and separation of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and other phenolic compounds in flax shives. In the first part of this research, the key PLPW extraction process variables of temperature, pH, and flow rate, were optimized using central composite design (CCD). Temperature and pH of water had a significant affect on the fractionation of carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose), lignin, and other phenolics. The optimal extraction conditions for the separation of hemicellulose and lignin, determined by the optimization using CCD, were 170 degrees C, pH 3.0, and a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min. Under these extraction conditions, 39.3% of the initial biomass or feed, 70.1% of the hemicellulose, 35.3% of the lignin, and 5.3% of the cellulose were extracted from the flax shives. In order to improve the purity and yield of the cellulose, a two-stage PLPW extraction was examined. The first stage was designed to remove hemicellulose by water at 170 degrees C and the second stage was intended for delignification by a pH 12 buffer at 220 degrees C. The two-stage PLPW extraction effectively removed 63.2% of the feed, 97.3% of hemicellulose, and 86.3% of lignin, while solubilizing 23.9% of cellulose; resulting in a solid residue containing 0.7 g of hemicellulose, 3.5 g of lignin, and 27.3 g of cellulose/100 g of DFS. The PLPW extraction is able to extract and separate components in flax shives by changing pH and temperature. The best case occurs between pH 9.5 and 12, resulting in maximum solubilization of hemicellulose and lignin.
The Internet phenomenon (1996)

The Internet presents a vision of unlimited knowledge in information, text, sound, images and film transmitted at low cost directly to the point required. Most people have heard of the Internet but the information available seems so endless as to be overwhelming. The article describes the origins and unique nature of this phenomenon. It categorises the main components of the Internet in order to provide a foundation of understanding on which to build. Briefly discussed are E-mail, Usenet, the World Wide Web, and remote access to library catalogues and databases.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Numbers do not tell whole story (2003)

EDITOR—Parry mentioned the recent rapid increase in the numbers of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan, making it the third worst affected area in the world, and asks whether the disease is under control.1 2

The daily numbers of new cases of SARS in Taiwan up to 2 June have declined since mid-May (figure (top)). However, the delay caused by the incubation time as well as the time lag for diagnosis …
Children’s play in very bad times (2022)

A discussion of children's play in non-playful times and environments.
Broadband antireflection gratings fabricated upon silicon substrates (1999)

We fabricated a two-dimensional subwavelength structured (SWS) surface upon a crystal silicon substrate. The SWS surface was patterned by electron beam lithography and etched by an SF(6) fast atom beam. The SWS grating had a conical profile, the period was 150 nm, and the groove was approximately 350 nm deep. The reflectivity was examined at 2002500-nm wavelengths. At 400 nm the reflectivity decreased to 0.5% from the 54.7% of the silicon substrate. We also used HeNe laser light to examine the reflectivity as a function of the incident angle.
Temporary Arterial Shunts To Maintain Limb Perfusion after Arterial Injury (1999)

Shunts provided adequate flow in this model of extremity trauma. Correctly placed shunts stayed patent for 24 hours, without anticoagulation, if shunt placement followed resuscitation.
On the possibility of high-precision photothermal microeffects and the measurement of fast thermal denaturation of proteins (1999)

The precision of laser-induced effects is often limited by thermal and thermomechanical collateral damage. Adjusting the pulsewidth of the laser to the size of the absorbing structure can at least avoid thermal side effects and facilitates a selective treatment of vessels or pigmented cells. Further extending the precision of thermal effects below cellular dimensions by using nanometer sized particles could open up new fields of applications for lasers in medicine and biology. Calculations show that under irradiation with nano- or picosecond laser pulses gold particles of submicrometer size can easily be heated by several hundred K. High temperatures have to be used for subcellular thermal effects, because heat confinement to such small structures requires the thermal damage to occur in extremely short times. Estimating the denaturation temperature by extrapolating the Arrhenius equation from a time range of minutes and seconds into a time range of nano- and picoseconds leads to temperatures between 370 K-470 K. There is evidence that in aqueous media, due to the surface tension, these temperatures can be generated at the surface of nanometer sized particles without vaporization of the surrounding water. In order to show whether or not an extrapolation of the damage rates over six to nine orders of magnitude gives correct data, a temperature-jump experiment was designed and tested which allows to measure denaturation rates of proteins in the millisecond time range. Denaturation of chymotrypsin was observed within 300 ps at temperatures below 380 K. The rate constants for the unfolding of chymotrypsin followed the Arrhenius equation up to rates of 3000 s/sup -1/.
Improving person detection using synthetic training data (2010)

Person detection in complex real-world scenes is a challenging problem. State-of-the-art methods typically use supervised learning relying on significant amounts of training data to achieve good detection results. However, labeling training data is tedious, expensive, and error-prone. This paper presents a novel method to improve detection performance by supplementing real-world data with synthetically generated training data. We consider the case of detecting people in crowded scenes within an AdaBoost-framework employing Haar and Histogram-of-Oriented-Gradients (HOG) features. Our evaluations on real-world video sequences of crowded scenes with significant occlusions show that the combination of real and synthetic training data significantly improves overall detection results.
Treatment of Segmental Defects in Long Bones Using Osteopromotive Membranes and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2:<i>An Experimental Study in Rabbits</i> (1997)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether barrier membranes that were earlier shown to promote bone healing in the craniofacial skeleton are capable of producing bone healing in long bone. defects by themselves or in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2). Segmental defects (10 mm long) in the rabbit radius, known to heal as pseudoarthrosis-like defects, were used as the experimental model. Treatment with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes (GORE-TEX Membrane) (n = 10) resulted in only minor amounts of bone formation within the defect and collapse of the membranes was common. When placement of membranes was combined with implantation of rhBMP-2 in a beaded biodegradable copolymeric PLA/PGA carrier, total bony bridging of the defects was accomplished within 10 weeks (n = 5). Osteopromotive membranes combined with mBMP-2 can therefore bring about complete healing of long bones. The membranes exclude soft tissue from the defect and at the same time keep the growth-stimulatory implant in place and maintain the anatomical contour of the bone. The combination of osteopromotive membranes and rhBMP-2 may be of. value in reconstructive bone surgery.
Safety and Efficacy of Nebulized Zanamivir in Hospitalized Patients with Serious Influenza (2003)

Influenza is an important cause of hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract involvement for which there is no specific antiviral treatment with proven efficacy. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the tolerability and efficacy of nebulized zanamivir (16 mg four times a day) in combination with rimantadine compared to rimantadine with nebulized saline for treating influenza in adults hospitalized with influenza. Twenty patients tolerated the inhaled zanamivir (ZNV) plus rimantadine without decline in peak expiratory flow rates compared to the 21 who received inhaled saline. The study was terminated early because the approval of ZNV made further enrollment untenable. No significant differences were observed in the proportion of patients shedding virus by treatment day 3 (57% ZNV plus rimantadine, 67% placebo plus rimantadine), or in the durations of hospitalization and supplemental oxygen use. More ZNV plus rimantadine recipients exhibited no or mild cough on day 3 of treatment (94 vs 55%, P=0.01). Two rimantadine-resistant viruses emerged during rimantadine monotherapy; no ZNV resistance was observed. Nebulized ZNV appears to be well tolerated in this hospitalized population but further studies are needed to assess its efficacy.
THE ANTIMONY-ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE ELECTRODE AND ITS USE AS A MEASURE OF ACIDITY<sup>1</sup> (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ANTIMONY-ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE ELECTRODE AND ITS USE AS A MEASURE OF ACIDITY1E. J. Roberts and F. FenwickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 8, 2125–2147Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01395a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01395a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser heated LaB/sub 6/ thermionic cathode on a MV electron beam accelerator (1999)

Summary form only given. One of the major problems in high voltage/current and long pulse e-beam generation is plasma diode closure. LaB/sub 6/, thermionic cathodes can eliminate plasma and are more robust from poisoning than oxide cathodes. To heat the LaB/sub 6/ disk on the MELBA cathode stalk at -1 MV we employ a 100-650 W CW Nd:YAG laser. Depending upon the LaB/sub 6/ disk diameter (1 cm or 2.2 cm), temperature, and cathode shape, preliminary analysis of experiments suggests three e-beam modes: 1) Thermionic mode at electron beam current density of 100-150 A/cm/sup 2/, with current shape which matches the voltage flatness, 2) Plasma mode in which 2-6 kA of current is drawn with rapid current ramping, and 3) Combined thermionic and plasma mode with initial thermionic current turn-on which is later overtaken by plasma current. It is believed that the plasma modes may involve explosive edge emission or outgassing from a graphite cathode mounting structure.
10.6 A 0.74V 200&#x03BC;W multi-standard transceiver digital baseband in 40nm LP-CMOS for 2.4GHz Bluetooth Smart / ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.6 personal area networks (2014)

Ultra-low-power (ULP), short-range wireless connectivity is becoming increasingly relevant to a wide range of sensor and actuator node applications, ranging from consumer lifestyle to medical applications. In recent years, a multitude of wireless standards has been proposed to meet differing requirements of individual application domains such as data rates, range, QoS, peak and average power consumption. From a commercial perspective, a single radio component that is capable of supporting multiple wireless standards — targeting multiple application domains/markets — while reducing integration costs is highly preferable. At the same time, the multi-standard support may not compromise low-power operation or silicon area.
Tumor Evasion from T Cell Surveillance (2011)

An intact immune system is essential to prevent the development and progression of neoplastic cells in a process termed immune surveillance. During this process the innate and the adaptive immune systems closely cooperate and especially T cells play an important role to detect and eliminate tumor cells. Due to the mechanism of central tolerance the frequency of T cells displaying appropriate arranged tumor-peptide-specific-T-cell receptors is very low and their activation by professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, is frequently hampered by insufficient costimulation resulting in peripheral tolerance. In addition, inhibitory immune circuits can impair an efficient antitumoral response of reactive T cells. It also has been demonstrated that large tumor burden can promote a state of immunosuppression that in turn can facilitate neoplastic progression. Moreover, tumor cells, which mostly are genetically instable, can gain rescue mechanisms which further impair immune surveillance by T cells. Herein, we summarize the data on how tumor cells evade T-cell immune surveillance with the focus on solid tumors and describe approaches to improve anticancer capacity of T cells.
Automation of ELISAs & evaluation of emerging technologies for high-throughput quantitation of protein impurities (2015)

Background: Analysis of process-related protein impurities is critical to ensure process robustness and patient safety. Here, we report on automation of ELISA assays for quantitation of host cell protein and residual protein A. The automated assays were compared with three emerging technologies. Results: Data generated by the automated ELISA platform were comparable to manual results while the throughput was improved by three- to four-times and hands-on time reduced by six- to ten-times. The microfluidic assay enabled the broadest dynamic range and least sample consumption. The bead-based homogeneous assay was the least expensive. The automated ELISA platform demonstrated the highest throughput. Conclusion: Liquid-handler-based automation platform is determined to possess the maximum level of flexibility, adaptability and potential for improvement on assay throughput.
Differential Effects of Hydrophobic Core Packing Residues for Thermodynamic and Mechanical Stability of a Hyperthermophilic Protein (2016)

Proteins from organisms that have adapted to environmental extremes provide attractive systems to explore and determine the origins of protein stability. Improved hydrophobic core packing and decreased loop-length flexibility can increase the thermodynamic stability of proteins from hyperthermophilic organisms. However, their impact on protein mechanical stability is not known. Here, we use protein engineering, biophysical characterization, single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to measure the effect of altering hydrophobic core packing on the stability of the cold shock protein TmCSP from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. We make two variants of TmCSP in which a mutation is made to reduce the size of aliphatic groups from buried hydrophobic side chains. In the first, a mutation is introduced in a long loop (TmCSP L40A); in the other, the mutation is introduced on the C-terminal β-strand (TmCSP V62A). We use MD simulations to confirm that the mutant TmCSP L40A shows the most significant increase in loop flexibility, and mutant TmCSP V62A shows greater disruption to the core packing. We measure the thermodynamic stability (ΔGD-N) of the mutated proteins and show that there is a more significant reduction for TmCSP L40A (ΔΔG = 63%) than TmCSP V62A (ΔΔG = 47%), as might be expected on the basis of the relative reduction in the size of the side chain. By contrast, SMFS measures the mechanical stability (ΔG*) and shows a greater reduction for TmCSP V62A (ΔΔG* = 8.4%) than TmCSP L40A (ΔΔG* = 2.5%). While the impact on the mechanical stability is subtle, the results demonstrate the power of tuning noncovalent interactions to modulate both the thermodynamic and mechanical stability of a protein. Such understanding and control provide the opportunity to design proteins with optimized thermodynamic and mechanical properties.
Identification of pulmonary Oct-4 <sup>+</sup> stem/progenitor cells and demonstration of their susceptibility to SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection <i>in vitro</i> (2006)

In this study, we report a serum-free culture system for primary neonatal pulmonary cells that can support the growth of octamer-binding transcription factor 4+ (Oct-4+) epithelial colonies with a surrounding mesenchymal stroma. In addition to Oct-4, these cells also express other stem cell markers such as stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1), and Clara cell secretion protein (CCSP) but not c-Kit, CD34, and p63, indicating that they represent a subpopulation of Clara cells that have been implicated as lung stem/progenitor cells in lung injury models. These colony cells can be kept for weeks in primary cultures and undergo terminal differentiation to alveolar type-2- and type-1-like pneumocytes sequentially when removed from the stroma. In addition, we have demonstrated the presence of Oct-4+ long-term BrdU label-retaining cells at the bronchoalveolar junction of neonatal lung, providing a link between the Oct-4+ cells in vivo and in vitro and strengthening their identity as putative neonatal lung stem/progenitor cells. Lastly, these Oct-4+ epithelial colony cells, which also express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, are the target cells for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in primary cultures and support active virus replication leading to their own destruction. These observations imply the possible involvement of lung stem/progenitor cells, in addition to pneumocytes, in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, accounting for the continued deterioration of lung tissues and apparent loss of capacity for lung repair.