gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Optimizing Lossy Generalization of LZW (2001)

We present a lossy generalization of Welch&apos;s LZW algorithm. We rst discuss two lossy generalizations of LZW. The two variations either try to maximise compression without worrying about image quality, or try to maximise image quality without worring too much about compression. We then present a new algorithm, also lossy, which optimizes compression according to an objective function supplied by the user, that enable him to balance between compression ratio and image quality. 1 Why a Lossy Generalization of LZW? LZW [Welch84] is an interesting algorithm. It is simple to implement, fast when well implemented, and is present in many standards and commercial products. For example, LZW is the compression algorithm used in Compuserve&apos;s GIF87a/89a image format [Comp89], which in turn is supported by web browsers and countless image processing software. While it may be critical for some expensively acquired images (such as deep space probe data) to be compressed losslessly, it makes l...
<scp>PZT</scp> ‐Based Piezoelectric <scp>MEMS</scp> Technology (2012)

This review article presents recent advancements in the design and fabrication of thin‐film (<3 μm) lead zirconate titanate ( PZT ) microelectromechanical system ( MEMS ) devices. The article covers techniques for optimizing highly (001)/(100) oriented chemical solution deposited PZT films to achieve improved piezoelectric coefficients. These PZT films combined with surface and bulk micromachining techniques are fabricated into actuators and transducers for radio frequency ( RF ) switches, nanomechanical logic, resonators, and power transformers for use in communication systems and phased‐array radar. In addition, the large relative displacements generated by PZT thin films have been used to demonstrate mechanical mobility in MEMS devices, including insect‐inspired flight actuators and ultrasonic traveling wave motors. In conjunction with actuation, PZT films are being developed for feedback sensors for the integrated control of insect‐inspired robots.
A highly reliable 1T/1C ferroelectric memory (2002)

A reliable 1T/1C ferroelectric RAM has been successfully fabricated with 1.2 /spl mu/m conventional CMOS technology by adopting IrO/sub 2/ electrode and the Ti-rich PZT thin film. The Ti-rich PZT capacitor shows no degradation of sensing Pr after integration process. After 1/spl times/10/sup 10/ cycling, the loss of remnant polarization was less than 5%. In thermally accelerated (150/spl deg/C) test condition, more than 14 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ for both data 0 and data 1 sensing Pr values are obtained even after 10 years.
Unsteady Viscous Flow Between Parallel Disks With a Time-Varying Gap Width and a Central Fluid Source (1987)

A theoretical analysis is presented for the unsteady laminar flow of an incompressible fluid between parallel disks with a time-varying gap width and a central fluid source of constant flow rate. New series solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations are obtained, on the basis of asymptotic series expansion in the radial direction and a new theory of “multifold series expansion” with respect to the time variable. The solutions cover the general case of arbitrarily time-varying gap width. Moreover, it can describe precisely the complicated non-linear interaction between the two coexisting flows due to the gap-width variation and to the central fluid source. Experiments were carried out for the case of sinusoidally oscillating gap-width variation, and it has been confirmed that the present solutions agree well with the experiments, even in severe cases that an approximate superposition theory neglecting the aforementioned interaction effect produces a remarkable error.
Second Harmonic Generation Phase Measurements of Cr(VI) at a Buried Interface (2005)

Surface second harmonic generation (SHG) phase measurements are carried out on methyl ester-functionalized fused quartz/water interfaces in the presence and absence of Cr(VI). The experiments are performed at pH 7, room temperature, and a chromate concentration of 10(-4) M, which corresponds to monolayer Cr(VI) coverage. The liquid/solid interface is probed from the fused quartz side by directing the probe light field at 580 nm onto the interface together with an SHG reference signal at 290 nm that is collinear with the fundamental. The phase difference of the SHG signals generated at the interface in the presence and absence of Cr(VI) is 85 degrees, which is consistent with SHG resonance enhancement observed for the surface-bound Cr(VI) near 290 nm. The optical arrangement discussed here does not require vacuum technology or optics that compensate for the dispersion of the fundamental and the second harmonic E-fields in the two condensed-phase media. This approach is general and can be applied for analyzing thermodynamic and kinetic data derived from SHG measurements of physical and chemical processes occurring at any buried interface.
Rejection of marrow from DLA-identical canine littermates given transfusions before grafting: antigens involved are expressed on leukocytes and skin epithelial cells but not on platelets and red blood cells (1979)

Abstract Previous studies in dogs given 1200 R and a hemopoietic graft from DLA-identical littermates have shown that marrow graft rejection generally does not occur when the recipient is untransfused (58 of 59 achieved sustained engraftment) but is seen after a single transfusion of blood from the marrow donor on day -10 (13 of 18 rejected) and even after multiple transfusions of random blood (3 of 11 rejected). This study extends those initial observations by determining the incidence of rejection of DLA-identical littermate marrow grafts following administration of different cells from the marrow donor on days -24. -17. and -10 prior to transplantation. Using this protocol, the following results and conclusions were established. (1) All 19 dogs given transfusions of whole blood rejected their grafts. This 100% incidence of rejection after three transfusions indicates that more than one minor histocompatibility system outside of DLA is involved in transfusion-induced sensitization and subsequent marrow graft rejection. (2) Six dogs given subcutaneous injections of cultured skin epithelial cells rejected their subsequent marrow grafts. Hence, antigens mediating rejection are not restricted to hemopoietic cells but are also expressed on at least one other tissue. (3) Seven of 15 dogs given transfusions of platelet concentrates (“free” of white and red blood cells) rejected the marrow graft, while 8 showed sustained engraftment. (4) Five of 14 dogs given transfusions of red blood cells (free of white blood cells and platelets) rejected the marrow graft, while 9 had sustained engraftment. This suggests that only some (and perhaps none) of the non-DLA antigens responsible for rejection reside on platelets and red blood cells. To definitively answer this question, the current blood cell separation techniques must be improved further to provide pure red blood cells and platelets for transfusion studies. Assays of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, mixed leukocyte culture reactivity, and survival of donor platelets in the recipient did not predict the fate of the subsequent marrow graft. These findings in DLA-identical canine marrow graft recipients are of potential practical importance for planning platelet and red blood cell support of human marrow graft candidates.
Treatment of Acute Scaphoid Fractures in the Athlete (2006)

Scaphoid fractures in athletes can be very disabling and may limit successful and early return to play. Typically, the mechanism of injury is a fall onto an outstretched hand or a direct blow; the patient will present with swelling, limited motion, and snuffbox tenderness. Multiple-view plain images will very often reveal the diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic modalities such as CT scanning and MRI are helpful in better defining the architecture of the fracture and vascularity of the scaphoid, and diagnosing occult fractures. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to help ensure appropriate treatment and optimal outcome. Traditional treatment of stable nondisplaced fractures remains cast immobilization. However, if early return to play is desired operative fixation may be warranted. For nondisplaced fractures operative techniques include open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and percutaneous fixation through a dorsal or volar approach. Arthroscopy can be used as an adjunct to the percutaneous technique. For displaced fractures, the preferred technique remains ORIF through either a volar or dorsal approach. Considerations in treatment type are based on the stability and location of the fracture as well as patient issues such as compliance and the need for return to play. With appropriate diagnosis and individualization of treatment, scaphoid fractures can be successfully managed in most athletes with few or no long-term sequelae.
Identification of Enhancer Binding Proteins Important for <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> Development (2009)

Enhancer binding proteins (EBPs) control the temporal expression of fruiting body development-associated genes in Myxococcus xanthus. Eleven previously uncharacterized EBP genes were inactivated. Six EBP gene mutations produced minor but reproducible defects in fruiting body development. One EBP gene mutation that affected A-motility produced strong developmental defects.
Invited Review: Dynamic exercise performance in Masters athletes: insight into the effects of primary human aging on physiological functional capacity (2003)

Physiological functional capacity (PFC) is defined here as the ability to perform the physical tasks of daily life and the ease with which these tasks can be performed. For the past decade, we have sought to determine the effect of primary (healthy) adult human aging on PFC and the potential modulatory influences of gender and habitual aerobic exercise status on this process by studying young adult and Masters athletes. An initial approach to determining the effects of aging on PFC involved investigating changes in peak exercise performance with age in highly trained and competitive athletes. PFC, as assessed by running and swimming performance, decreased only modestly until age 60-70 yr but declined exponentially thereafter. A progressive reduction in maximal O2 consumption (V(O2 max)) appears to be the primary physiological mechanism associated with declines in endurance running performance with advancing age, along with a reduction in the exercise velocity at lactate threshold. Because V(O2 max) is important in mediating age-related reductions in exercise performance and PFC, we then investigated the modulatory influence of habitual aerobic exercise status on the rate of decline in V(O2 max) with age. Surprisingly, as a group, endurance-trained adults appear to undergo greater absolute rates of decline in V(O2 max) with advancing age compared with healthy sedentary adults. This appears to be mediated by a baseline effect (higher V(O2 max) as young adults) and/or a marked age-related decline in exercise training volume and intensity (stimulus) in endurance-trained adults. Thus the ability to maintain habitual physical activity levels with advancing age appears to be a critical determinant of changes in PFC in part via modulation of maximal aerobic capacity.
Sợ Thiên Chúa bỏ rơi khiến nói khích cả Thiên Chúa (2022)

In the Old Testament, the Jews believed in a God who rewarded and punished individuals based on their deeds or transgressions. Thus, they adore God but also dread Him, believing that God is the source of their pain. Several chapters of the Book of Psalms are devoted to articulating this notion. Psalm 88, in particular, is viewed as a discourse between the Jews and their God regarding suffering. The psalmist concludes this discourse by asking God why he allows himself to endure so much. The question's finale showed a human issue: fear of being abandoned by God that leads to "provoke" God. We begin this study by analyzing the text of Ps 88. Following that, we'll examine the text's theological content, which centers on the terror of God's departure. Finally, there is theological study and meditation on man's actual relationship with God and his worries.
MicroRNA-221 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation by regulation of ZFPM2 in osteoblasts (2018)

Bone fracture is a common medical condition, which may occur due to traumatic injury or disease-related conditions. Evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate osteoblast differentiation and function. In this study, we explored the effects and mechanism of miR-221 on the growth and migration of osteoblasts using MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression levels of miR-221 in the different groups were measured by qRT-PCR. Then, miR-221 mimic and inhibitor were transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells, and cell viability and migration were measured using the CCK-8 assay and the Transwell migration assay. Additionally, the expression levels of differentiation-related factors (Runx2 and Ocn) and ZFPM2 were measured by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to measure the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, ZFPM2, and Wnt/Notch, and Smad signaling pathway proteins. miR-221 was significantly up-regulated in the patients with lumbar compression fracture (LCM) and trochanteric fracture (TF). miR-221 promoted ALP, Runx2, and OPN expressions in MC3T3-E1 cells. miR-221 overexpression significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and matrix mineralization, whereas suppression of miR-221 reversed these effects. Additionally, the results displayed that ZFPM2 was a direct target gene of miR-221, and overexpression of ZFPM2 reversed the promoting effects of miR-221 overexpression on osteoblasts. Mechanistic study revealed that overexpression of miR-221 inactivated the Wnt/Notch and Smad signaling pathways by regulating ZFPM2 expression. We drew the conclusions that miR-221 overexpression promoted osteoblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation by regulation of ZFPM2 expression and deactivating the Wnt/Notch and Smad signaling pathways.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Photoinduced Luminescence Switching of Trinuclear Diimine Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Linked by an Isomerizable Stilbene-like Ligand (2001)

Two series of trinuclear diimine rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes bridged by 1,3,5-tris(4-ethenylpyridyl)benzene (L1) or 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylpyridyl)benzene (L2) have been synthesized and characterized. The L2-bridged complexes (group B) exhibit strong luminescence and long emission lifetimes in room-temperature solution which are typical of decay from 3MLCT excited states, while the L1-bridged complexes (group A) show only very weak luminescence and short lifetimes under the same experimental conditions, although the emission positions and profiles do not vary that much. The low emission quantum yields and short lifetimes in group A complexes are attributed to intramolecular sensitization of the 3ππ* excited state localized on the olefin link of the bridging ligand accompanied by a subsequent trans−cis isomerization process. The effects of different diimine ligand substitutents on the triplet−triplet energy transfer mechanisms are explored. The excited-state decay of group B complexes follows the energy gap law on the basis of an observed linear relationship between ln knr and emission energy.
Microsomal Carbonyl Reductase Responsible for Reduction of 4‐Phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐one in Rats (1999)

trans-4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one (PBO), a flavoring additive, was transformed to the carbonyl-reduced product, trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ol (PBOL) by rat liver microsomes, but not by liver cytosol, in the presence of NADH or NADPH. PBOL formed was identified by comparison with an authentic sample. The reductase activity was not inhibited by quercitrin, an inhibitor of cytosolic carbonyl reductase. The carbonyl reduction product of PBO by liver microsomes was identified as the R-enantiomer of PBOL by HPLC analysis. Rat blood also exhibited the carbonyl reductase activity in the presence of NADH or NADPH, but to a lesser extent.
Digitalization of medical services for detecting violations of cerebrovascular regulation based on a neural network signal analysis algorithm (2020)

When solving the problem of predicting impaired autoregulation of blood circulation in the brain, scientists usually use a prognostic expression that interconnects the function of coherence of blood flow velocities in the arteries and atrerial pressure with a phase shift in the M-wave range. In our study we proposed to employ neural networks to adapt the method to specific patients or to a group of patients. A neural network algorithm has been developed to identify in the statistical properties of coherent biological signals present in a mixture with other signals and interference. The algorithm includes real-time determination of the coherence function of signals between fluctuations in systemic blood pressure and blood flow velocities in the left and right middle cerebral arteries and the phase shift function between these signals in the Mayer wavelength range. To reduce the influence of noise, it is proposed to use the technique of a sliding frame, divided into windows. The coherence and phase shift functions obtained in the windows are averagedwithin the frame boundaries. As a result, smoothed functions can be obtained in the time-frequency domain. To detect infractions of the cerebral autoregulation process, it is proposed to use trained neural feedforward network, which generalizing property can be improved as new experimental data are obtained while maintaining a balance between individual and general characteristics of patients.
A New Look at the High Frequency Boundary Element and Rayleigh Integral Approximations (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper revisits the popular Rayleigh integral approximation, and also considers a second approximation, the high frequency boundary element method which is similar to the Rayleigh integral. Both methods are approximations to the boundary integral equation, and can solve problems in a fraction of the time required by the conventional boundary element method. The development of both methods from the Helmholtz integral equation is demonstrated and the differences between the two methods are delineated. Both methods were compared on practical examples including a running engine, gearbox, and construction cab. It was concluded that both methods can reliably predict the sound power for many problems but are inaccurate for sound pressure computations.</div>
Hormonal Regulation of an Islet-Specific Enhancer in the Pancreatic Homeobox Gene <i>STF-1</i> (1997)

The homeobox protein STF-1 appears to function as a master control switch for expression of the pancreatic program during development. Here we characterize a composite enhancer which directs STF-1 expression to pancreatic islet cells via two functional elements that recognize the nuclear factors HNF-3beta and BETA-2. In keeping with their inhibitory effects on islet cell maturation, glucocorticoids were found to repress STF-1 gene expression by interfering with HNF-3beta activity on the islet-specific enhancer. Overexpression of HNF-3beta suppressed glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition of the STF-1 gene, and our results suggest that the expansion of pancreatic islet precursor cells during development may be restricted by hormonal cues which regulate STF-1 gene expression.
A magnetoelastic study of Cr-Fe alloys (1992)

Measurements are reported of the temperature variation of the sound velocity and thermal expansion of 18 polycrystalline Cr-Fe alloys in the concentration range from 0.5 to 30 at.% Fe which covers the antiferromagnetic, spin-glass, re-entrant spin-glass, and ferromagnetic phases. In the antiferromagnetic phase, well defined anomalies in both the longitudinal velocity of sound and the thermal expansion coefficient were observed at the transition temperatures. The magnetic contributions to the volume strain ( Delta omega ) and bulk modulus ( Delta B) have been found to fit the equations Delta B= Sigma n=02AnT2n and Delta omega = Sigma n=02BnT2n rather well up to temperatures close to the Neel temperature. In the spin-glass phase, anomalies in the velocity of sound were observed between 4 and 150 K. These anomalies could not be attributed solely to spin-glass transitions as antiferromagnetism may still exist in these Cr-Fe alloys. In the ferromagnetic region no anomalies in either the velocity of sound or thermal expansion were observed at the Curie temperatures.
Integrating suspended quantum dot circuits for applications in nanomechanics (2002)

We present an integrated nanoelectromechanical circuit designed for achieving ultrasensitive displacement detection. It consists of a suspended quantum dot defined in the two-dimensional electron system of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure and a mechanical resonator located in close vicinity. Operation of the individual components is demonstrated: Mechanical as well as transport properties of the resonator and the electron system are specified, respectively. Coulomb blockade in a freely suspended quantum dot is revealed. The data are used to estimate the maximum displacement sensitivity of the device to be 0.029 Å/Hz.
HIP Tiny Exchange (TEX): A distributed key exchange scheme for HIP-based Internet of Things (2012)

Considering the global identification and security challenges in IoT, the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) emerges as the most suitable solution for key establishment between two peers, allowing secure and uninterrupted connections. However, the heterogeneous nature of IoT entities coupling resource-constrained networks and powerful Internet complicates the use of HIP on small devices due to its expensive cryptographic operations. In this paper we present the HIP Tiny EXchange, a distributed lightweight key exchange protocol designed to reduce the requirements of HIP Basic EXchange in order to be supported by resource-constrained nodes.
Differentially expressed genes in visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese men and women (2004)

There is growing evidence that the distribution of adipose tissue in the body is of importance in the development of metabolic complications of obesity, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous and omental human adipose tissue in obese men, using a subtractive hybridization strategy. From the obtained set of differentially expressed transcripts, we also aimed to identify genes that have a sex-specific pattern of expression in omental or subcutaneous adipose tissue. Representational difference analysis (RDA) was performed on cDNA from subcutaneous and omental fat tissue from a man with extreme abdominal obesity. Forty-four putatively differentially expressed genes were identified. The obtained RDA products were spotted onto glass slides to screen for differential expression in other obese patients by using a microarray hybridization procedure. Five genes were confirmed to be differentially expressed in subcutaneous or omental adipose tissue from male or female obese patients. One gene was detected only in males and was found to be upregulated in subcutaneous tissue. The findings extend previous knowledge that different fat depots have differential gene expression and indicate that sex differences exist in adipose gene expression patterns.