gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural biology of factor VIIa/tissue factor initiated coagulation (2012)

Factor VII (FVII) consists of an N-terminal gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain followed by two epidermal growth factor-like (EGF1 and EGF2) domains and the C-terminal protease domain. Activation of FVII results in a two-chain FVIIa molecule consisting of a light chain (Gla-EGF1-EGF2 domains) and a heavy chain (protease domain) held together by a single disulfide bond. During coagulation, the complex of tissue factor (TF, a transmembrane glycoprotein) and FVIIa activates factor IX (FIX) and factor X (FX). FVIIa is structurally "zymogen-like" and when bound to TF, it is more "active enzyme-like." FIX and FX share structural homology with FVII. Three structural biology aspects of FVIIa/TF are presented in this review. One, regions in soluble TF (sTF) that interact with FVIIa as well as mapping of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and Zn2+ sites in FVIIa and their functions; two, modeled interactive regions of Gla and EGF1 domains of FXa and FIXa with FVIIa/sTF; and three, incompletely formed oxyanion hole in FVIIa/sTF and its induction by substrate/inhibitor. Finally, an overview of the recognition elements in TF pathway inhibitor is provided.
A new technique for fully autonomous and efficient 3D robotics hand/eye calibration (1989)

The authors describe a novel technique for computing position and orientation of a camera relative to the last joint of a robot manipulator in an eye-on-hand configuration. It takes only about 100+64N arithmetic operations to compute the hand/eye relationship after the robot finishes the movement, and incurs only additional 64 arithmetic operations for each additional station. The robot makes a series of automatically planned movements with a camera rigidly mounted at the gripper. At the end of each move, it takes a total of 90 ms to grab an image, extract image feature coordinates, and perform camera extrinsic calibration. After the robot finishes all the movements, it takes only a few milliseconds to do the calibration. A series of generic geometric properties or lemmas are presented, leading to the derivation of the final algorithms, which are aimed at simplicity, efficiency, and accuracy while giving ample geometric and algebraic insights. Critical factors influencing the accuracy are analyzed, and procedures for improving accuracy are introduced. Test results of both simulation and real experiments on an IBM Cartesian robot are reported and analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Message repository definitional facility (1984)

An architectural model of a system research tool, the Message Repository Definitional Facility (MRDF), is presented. MRDF provides for interprocess communication and synchronization by message passing, and permits the user a wide selection of policy options, promising general descriptive power. The project's current levels of system definition, design considerations and issues, and plans for future development are briefly described. The current goal for this research is the implementation of the MRDF in the data flow simulation environment for test and evaluation. Potential application of this concept beyond the research tool stage is speculated as incorporation in a computer architecture to support concurrent processes and a “self-optimizing” operating system.
Einführung (2000)

Das Interesse der breiten Bevölkerung an der Aktie als Kapitalanlage hat seit dem Börsengang der Deutschen Telekom AG im Herbst 1996 immens zugenommen. Die Börseneuphorie hat ein solches Ausmaß erreicht, daß bereits in der Bild-Zeitung über die neuesten Aktien-Tips zu lesen ist. Neue Wirtschafts- und Börsenmagazine schießen wie Pilze aus dem Boden1, und TV-Nachrichtensender wie NTV oder N24, die ständig über die neuesten Wirtschaftsnachrichten aus aller Welt berichten, haben hohe Einschaltquoten. Das Gesprächsthema Nummer eins auf gesellschaftlichen Ereignissen ist nicht mehr Beruf, Familie, Politik oder Sport, sondern die Kursentwicklung der letzten „Börsenhighflyer“. So wünschenswert diese Entwicklung für die wichtige und in Deutschland lange Zeit vernachlässigte Eigenkapitalbeschaffung gerade junger kleinerer Unternehmen auch ist, es entsteht auf der anderen Seite gleichzeitig ein hoher Aufklärungs- und Informationsbedarf eines immer größer werdenden Anlegerpublikums, den es zu befriedigen gilt.
Distribution-based query scheduling (2013)

Query scheduling, a fundamental problem in database management systems, has recently received a renewed attention, perhaps in part due to the rise of the "database as a service" (DaaS) model for database deployment. While there has been a great deal of work investigating different scheduling algorithms, there has been comparatively little work investigating what the scheduling algorithms can or should know about the queries to be scheduled. In this work, we investigate the efficacy of using histograms describing the distribution of likely query execution times as input to the query scheduler. We propose a novel distribution-based scheduling algorithm, Shepherd, and show that Shepherd substantially outperforms state-of-the-art point-based methods through extensive experimentation with both synthetic and TPC workloads.
Software-defined caching (2015)

In data centers, caches work both to provide low IO latencies and to reduce the load on the back-end network and storage. But they are not designed for multi-tenancy; system-level caches today cannot be configured to match tenant or provider objectives. Exacerbating the problem is the increasing number of un-coordinated caches on the IO data plane. The lack of global visibility on the control plane to coordinate this distributed set of caches leads to inefficiencies, increasing cloud provider cost.
The Effect of Two Sided Surface Roughness on Ultra-Thin Gas Films (1983)

The influence of two sided striated surface roughness on bearing load carrying capacity is analyzed for very low clearance gas films. As was done for the case of stationary surface roughness [1], a model lubrication equation appropriate for extremely high gas bearing number films is solved analytically for several simple geometry bearings. The analytic solution provides information on the exact relationship between pressure and roughness which makes it possible to ensemble average the lubrication equation before solution, greatly simplifying the solution procedure. It is found that the translating surface roughness has an influence on load similar to that caused by the stationary surface. Exact solutions with the current method are compared with those of the theory attributed to Christensen and To̸nder. The results are strikingly different and serve to bring attention to the fact that for high bearing number compressible lubrication, the Christensen-To̸nder theory is inappropriate. The results reported here should find application in the computer peripherals area where read/write heads now routinely hover over a spinning disk at clearances of 0.25 micron.
Sequencing interactive features in process planning using episodal associative memory (2003)

One of the problems in feature-based process planning is the sequencing of features. Features must be given an order for removal. This order, or sequence, is partially dependent on the geometric relationships between the features, if the geometric relationships between features are such that they dictate a particular sequence, the features are said to have an interaction. Identifying these interactions is an important first step in creating the process plan. An approach to solving this problem using constructive solid geometry operations and the episodal associative memory (EAM) is demonstrated. EAM is an approach to the construction of a memory that can efficiently and accurately associate a given problem or idea to relevant information in memory. Groups of features that have similar geometric relationships are clustered together by the EAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Globin mRNAs are primers for the transcription of influenza viral RNA <i>in vitro</i> (1978)

Because influenza viral RNA transcription in vitro is greatly enhanced by the addition of a primer dinucleotide, ApG or GpG, we have proposed that viral RNA transcription in vivo requires initiation by primer RNAs synthesized by the host cell, specifically by RNA polymerase II, thereby explaining the alpha-amanitin sensitivity of viral RNA transcription in vivo. Here, we identify such primer RNAs, initially in reticulocyte extracts, where they are shown to be globin mRNAs. Purified globin mRNAs very effectively stimulated viral RNA transcription in vitro, and the resulting transcripts directed the synthesis of all the nonglycosylated virus-specific proteins in micrococcal nuclease-treated L cell extracts. The viral RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro primed by ApG also directed the synthesis of the nonglycosylated virus-specific proteins, but the globin mRNA-primed transcripts were translated about 3 times more efficiently. The translation of the globin mRNA-primed, but not the ApG-primed, viral RNA transcripts was inhibited by 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine, suggesting that the globin mRNA-primed transcripts contained a 5'-terminal methylated cap structure. We propose that this cap was transferred from the globin mRNA primer to the newly synthesized viral RNA transcripts, because no detectable de novo synthesis of a methylated cap occurred during globin mRNA-primed viral RNA transcription. Preliminary experiments indicate that other purified eukaryotic mRNAs also stimulate influenza viral RNA transcription in vitro.
Wavelet transform image coding based on fuzzy visual perception modeling (1998)

In this paper, we propose to incorporate both spatial and frequency models of HVS into wavelet transform image coding. The process of wavelet transform decomposition, which splits the spatial frequency domain to several octave bands by dilation and translation of a single basic wavelet, is similar to that of frequency model HVS. Moreover, according to spatial model of HVS, some compact physical features like contours and regions are with highly visually significant to human vision system. Based on the spatial model, we apply fuzzy logic theory to detect visual significant edge points and based on these edge points to construct a Visual Perception Sensitive Map (VPSM) for wavelet coefficient thresholding scheme. Only the visual significant coefficients are retained and the rest are discard. This approach can achieve a high image compression ratio while minimizing the visual quality distortion of the reconstructed image. In addition, we develop an adaptive quantization scheme for the wavelet coefficients at each of the subbands. This quantization scheme is developed based on the HVS frequency model to minimize the visual errors caused by the quantization. In our image compression system, both the frequency and spatial aspects of HVS to the image have been taken into consideration. We preserve the highly visual perceptive wavelet coefficients and minimize the visual distortion of coefficients in each of the decomposed band. As a result, a high compression ratio with low visual distortion coder is obtained.
Ultra-compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer using hollow optical fiber for high temperature sensing (2008)

We have developed a compact and stable fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using hollow optical fiber (HOF) spliced between standard single mode fibers. The use of a micro-sized air hole in HOF is to provide two optical guidance/propagation paths and temperature sensitivity of 52 pm/°C and dynamic range of 10 dB are obtained over the range of 25°C to 330°C at 1550 nm.
Comparison of spatially and temporally resolved diffuse-reflectance measurement systems for determination of biomedical optical properties (2003)

Time-resolved and spatially resolved measurements of the diffuse reflectance from biological tissue are two well-established techniques for extracting the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients. We have performed a comparison study of the performance of a spatially resolved and a time-resolved instrument at wavelengths 660 and 786 nm and also of an integrating-sphere setup at 550-800 nm. The first system records the diffuse reflectance from a diode laser by means of a fiber bundle probe in contact with the sample. The time-resolved system utilizes picosecond laser pulses and a single-photon-counting detection scheme. We extracted the optical properties by calibration using known standards for the spatially resolved system, by fitting to the diffusion equation for the time-resolved system, and by using an inverse Monte Carlo model for the integrating sphere. The measurements were performed on a set of solid epoxy tissue phantoms. The results showed less than 10% difference in the evaluation of the reduced scattering coefficient among the systems for the phantoms in the range 9-20 cm(-1), and absolute differences of less than 0.05 cm(-1) for the absorption coefficient in the interval 0.05-0.30 cm(-1).
연구논문 : NOx 제거용 V2O5/TiO2 촉매 활성에 관한 연구 (2003)

V_2O_5의 함량(1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 wt%)에 따른 V_2O_5/TiO_2 촉매의 열적 거동을 Microeactor와 BET 표면적 측정 그리고 XRD를 이용하며 조사하였다. 열처리를 통하여 제조한 촉매의 활성은 선택적 촉매환원 반응을 통하여 측정하였다. V_2O_5의 함량과 반응온도, Space Velocity 및 MH_3 공급량에 따른 V_2O_5/TiO_2 촉매의 활성반응 평가를 통해 각각의 영향을 분석하였다. 또한, 같은 조건에서 BET, XRD을 이용하여 비표면적과 구조변화를 조사하였으며 반응에서의 역할을 분석하였다. 촉매의 함량에 따른 선택적 촉매환원 활성을 측정한 결과 1.0과 3.0 그리고 5.0 wt%에서는 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면에 10.0 wt%에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. V_2O_5 함량이 10.0 wt%일 때의 촉매 비표면적이 넓은 감소 곡선 경향을 나타냈으며, V_2O_5 함량이 5.0 wt%일때 가장 높은 활성과 우수한 열안정성 결과들 사이에서 최적의 조건을 확인할 수 있었다.
<sup>166</sup>Ho-DOTMP Skeletal Targeted Radiotherapy with melphalan and autologous stem cell support for multiple myeloma (2004)

6656 Background: 166Ho-DOTMP is a radiotherapeutic that localizes specifically to the skeleton and can deliver high dose radiation to the bone and marrow for skeletal targeted radiotherapy (STR). Follow-up data from 3 clinical trials of patients with multiple myeloma are presented. Methods: In 2 Phase I/II dose-escalation trials, 82 patients received a dose of 166Ho–DOTMP calculated to deliver 20, 30, or 40 Gy to the red marrow, plus melphalan (mel; 140 or 200 mg/m2) +/- 8 Gy TBI, followed by autologous stem cell transplant (PBSCT). As of 12/1/03, subjects have been followed for at least 38 months. In a separate Phase II dosimetry trial, 12 patients received 2 tracer doses of 166Ho-DOTMP to determine the reproducibility of biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK), followed by a 25 Gy therapy dose with continuous bladder irrigation, followed by 200 mg/m2 mel and PBSCT. These patients have been followed for at least 12 months. Results: Up to 2.3 Ci/m2 166Ho-DOTMP was given in the Phase I/II trials. 29/82 (35%) patients achieved complete response (CR) and ORR (CR + PR + SD) was 91% (7 pts not evaluable). Median duration of CR was > 24 months, and the Kaplan-Meyer estimate of 3 year survival was 60% for all 82 patients. Of 10 patients who received 750 mCi/m2 +/-10%, the CR rate was 40% and the 3-year survival was 90%. However, dose-related radiation-induced bladder and kidney toxicity appeared between 3 and 13 months post-therapy at high doses. Currently, 12 months of follow-up from the Phase II dosimetry trial shows no occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis or elevated creatinine > Grade 2. The dose of 166Ho-DOTMP in this study was 550 to 860 mCi/m2. A CR rate of 17% was seen, and the biodistribution and PK of 166Ho-DOTMP were reproducible. Monitoring for safety and duration of response is ongoing for both trials. Conclusions: Follow-up from the Phase II dosimetry trial confirms that 750 mCi/m2 +/- 10% of 166Ho–DOTMP provides favorable efficacy and safety as part of the conditioning regimen for patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous PBSCT. A Phase III, multicenter, randomized trial with 750 mCi/m2 166Ho-DOTMP is planned to begin enrollment in Q1 of 2004. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NeoRx NeoRx; PPD NeoRx NeoRx NeoRx, Inc.
Threat Analysis for Automotive CAN Networks: A GAN Model-Based Intrusion Detection Technique (2021)

With the rapid development of Internet of vehicles, connected vehicles, autonomous vehicles, and autonomous driving technologies, automotive Controller Area Networks (CAN) have suffered from numerous security threats. Deep learning models are the current mainstream intrusion detection techniques for threat analysis, and the state-of-the-art intrusion detection technique introduces the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model to generate usable attacked samples to supplement the training samples, but it exists the limitations of rough CAN message block construction and fails to detect the data tampering threat. Based on the CAN communication matrix defined by the automotive Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) for a vehicle model, we propose an enhanced deep learning GAN model with elaborate CAN message blocks and the enhanced GAN discriminator. The elaborate CAN message blocks in the training samples can precisely reflect the real generated CAN message blocks in the detection phase. The GAN discriminator can detect whether each message has suffered from the data tampering threat. Experimental results illustrate that the enhanced deep learning GAN model has higher detection accuracy, recall, and F1 scores than the state-of-the-art deep learning GAN model under various attacks and threats.
Rapid Analysis of Nonstructural Carbohydrate Components in Grass Forage Using Microplate Enzymatic Assays (2010)

Measurements of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissues are important to estimate plant organ resources available for plant growth and stress tolerance or for feed value to grazing animals. A popular commercially available assay kit used to detect glucose with a light‐sensitive dye reaction was recently discontinued and replaced by a test‐tube‐scale glucose kit (GAHK‐20) that assays glucose through enzymatic coupled reactions and the formation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The objective of this study was to develop a microplate assay method that uses the GAHK‐20 to quantify forage NSC composition. A laboratory microplate enzymatic method was developed for the new glucose kit and evaluated for rapidly assaying NSC components, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructan, and starch in 11 species of cool‐season perennial grasses. By standard addition, dilution, and temporal tests of enzyme reactions, we found that this microplate enzymatic assay is a rapid and reliable method to quantify NSC composition in grass forage samples. The microplate method allows analysis of many samples per day and considerably improved time and reagent use efficiencies, especially for a large number of samples. In addition to forage, this method should be suitable for measuring NSC concentrations in fresh or dry tissues of a variety of other plant samples.
Wiped-film evaporators for evaporating alkaline LWR radioactive wastes (1978)

Results are presented from tests at Savannah River Plant on using wiped-film evaporators for evaporating alkaline intermediate-level waste streams from the processing of spent LWR fuel. (LK)
Recent Advances in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy: Input of T-Cell Epitopes Associated With Impaired Peptide Processing (2019)

Recent advances in lung cancer treatment are emerging from new immunotherapies that target T-cell inhibitory receptors, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). However, responses to anti-PD-1 antibodies as single agents are observed in fewer than 20% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and immune mechanisms involved in the response to these therapeutic interventions remain poorly elucidated. Accumulating evidence indicates that effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with the presence of T cells directed toward cancer neoepitopes, a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound peptides that arise from tumor-specific mutations. Nevertheless, tumors frequently use multiple pathways to escape T-cell recognition and destruction. In this regard, primary and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy was associated with alterations in genes relevant to antigen presentation by MHC-class I/beta-2-microglobulin (MHC-I/β2m) complexes to CD8 T lymphocytes. Among additional known mechanisms involved in tumor resistance to CD8 T-cell immunity, alterations in transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) play a major role by inducing a sharp decrease in surface expression of MHC-I/β2m-peptide complexes, enabling malignant cells to evade cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing. Therefore, development of novel immunotherapies based on tumor neoantigens, that are selectively presented by cancer cells carrying defects in antigen processing and presentation, and that are capable of inducing destruction of such transformed cells, is a major challenge in translational research for application in treatment of lung cancer. In this context, we previously identified a non-mutant tumor neoepitope, ppCT<sub>16-25</sub>, derived from the preprocalcitonin (ppCT) leader sequence and processed independently of proteasomes/TAP by a mechanism involving signal peptidase (SP) and signal peptide peptidase (SPP). We also provided <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> proof of the concept of active immunotherapy based on ppCT-derived peptides capable of controlling growth of immune-escaped tumors expressing low levels of MHC-I molecules. Thus, non-mutant and mutant neoepitopes are promising T-cell targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines in combination with ICB. In this review, we summarize current treatments for lung cancer and discuss the promises that conserved neoantigens offer for more effective immunotherapies targeting immune-escaped tumor variants.
Assessment of <i>ex vivo</i> perfused liver health by Raman spectroscopy (2015)

Raman spectroscopy was applied in this research to monitor the overall health and degradation of porcine livers perfused ex vivo using the VasoWaveW® perfusion system. A novel Raman‐based diagnostic analysis was developed that enables near real‐time and label‐free monitoring of organ health during ex vivo perfusion designed to extend the useful life of the organ for transplantation. Multivariate statistical analysis of Raman spectra of organ perfusate fluid, using a combination of principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, proved to be an effective technique to assess the degradation properties of the livers. Three livers (with replicates) were perfused ex vivo under different pressures and temperatures and were compared with a 24‐h time‐course. Results indicated that perfusion pressure was a more significant factor in organ degradation than was temperature. In addition, a non‐linear degradation profile was identified for all three perfused livers, and this profile was different for individual livers, demonstrating the time‐dependent transition from its initial ‘healthy’ state towards a more ‘unhealthy’ degenerative state at 24 h. The Raman spectroscopy‐based approach described here has potential applications in perfusion and diagnostic instrumentation that can be used in near real‐time during organ transit and in operating rooms to help identify appropriately healthy organs for transplantation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.