gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Element-Based Analysis of Single-Crystal Si Contour-Mode Electromechanical RF Resonators (2006)

Micron-scale electromechanical disk-shaped resonators have exhibited operational frequencies above 1 GHz and quality factors exceeding 1,500 at these frequencies. Additionally, such disk resonators can be potentially realized in current silicon CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuit processes, making them attractive alternatives to traditional high-Q off-chip components. Accurate modeling of these devices is critical to predicting the mode-shape and, most importantly, the vibration frequency. This paper presents a finite element-based approach to modeling higher-order effects in disk-shaped resonators using ANSYS 7.0. An in-depth study of the mode-shapes for disk resonators of various sizes, and the effects of substrate anchors attached to the disks at various locations, is included. Effects on resonator operation due to metal layers, such as electroless plated copper, deposited on the disks are also simulated. All simulations are performed in a fully coupled electrical-mechanical environment so as to incorporate as many process and excitation variables as possible.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hereditary deficiency of the 4th component of complement (2003)

A 10-year-old female patient was found positive for urine protein and occult blood on Japanese school urinary screening. Examination of the blood was normal except low values of the complement system with CH50 13.5 U/ml, C3 45 mg/dl and C4 3 mg/dl. Renal biopsy demonstrated a focal membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). As for the activity of each component of the complement in the early stage of the disease, the C4 activity was markedly declined and the activity of classical pathway component was also decreased, but the activity of alternative pathway component was normal. On the HLA examination, the patient demonstrated a C4 double null haplotype (C4A2, Q0, BQ0 phenotype). A null C4 gene at both the C4A and C4B loci was found in her mother, aunt and grandfather on the mother's side and C4B null allele in her father and her grandmother on the mother's side. The development of the disease is found in 1 case and not in the other, although both have the genetic defect and the mechanism by which the complement is activated remains unknown. Thus, there appear to be many subjects to be studied as to the relationship between the defect of C4 gene and immune competence.
Different Temporal and Spatial Gene Expression Patterns Occur during Anther Development. (1990)

We studied the temporal and spatial regulation of three mRNA sequence sets that are present exclusively, or at elevated levels, in the tobacco anther. One mRNA set accumulates in the tapetum and decays as the tapetum degenerates later in anther development. The second mRNA set accumulates after the tapetal-specific mRNAs, is localized within the stomium and connective, and also decays as these cell types degenerate during anther maturation. The third mRNA sequence set persists throughout anther development and is localized within most anther tissues. A tapetal-specific gene, designated as TA29, was isolated from a tobacco genome library. Runoff transcription studies and experiments with chimeric [beta]-glucuronidase and diphtheria toxin A-chain genes showed that the TA29 gene is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level and that a 122-base pair 5[prime] region can program the tapetal-specific expression pattern. Destruction of the tapetum by the cytotoxic gene had no effect on the differentiation and/or function of surrounding sporophytic tissues but led to the production of male-sterile plants. Together, our studies show that several independent gene expression programs occur during anther development and that these programs correlate with the differentiated state of specific anther cell types.
Reverse color sequence in the diffraction of white light by the wing of the male butterfly<i>Pierella luna</i>(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) (2010)

The butterfly Pierella luna (Nymphalidae) shows an intriguing rainbow iridescence effect: the forewings of the male, when illuminated along the axis from the body to the wing tip, decompose a white light beam as a diffraction grating would do. Violet light, however, emerges along a grazing angle, near the wing surface, while the other colors, from blue to red, exit respectively at angles progressively closer to the direction perpendicular to the wing plane. This sequence is the reverse of the usual decomposition of light by a grating with a periodicity parallel to the wing surface. It is shown that this effect is produced by a macroscopic deformation of the entire scale, which curls in such a way that it forms a "vertical" grating, perpendicular to the wing surface, and functions in transmission instead of reflection.
The Poorman's Macroscopic Scattering Analyzer (1969)

A scattering apparatus has been developed which is quite useful for teaching concepts in atomic and nuclear physics. The apparatus permits the students the opportunity for actually measuring differential cross sections, back angle scattering cross sections, capture cross sections, threshold energies and resonant energies. The classical mechanics problem involved in this scattering apparatus is discussed.
Recognition of robot-soccer in point of information fusion (2001)

Summary of typical information fusion systems, synthesis analysis of Robot-Soccer＇s architecture, ecognition of its characteristic and key technique are given. The result is prompted that Robot-Soccer can be treated as a platform of the information fusion.
Paz, Octavio (2016)

Abstract Octavio Paz (1914–98) was an award‐winning Mexican writer and a prominent figure in cultural and political debates throughout the latter two‐thirds of the twentieth century. Paz's early writings on the relationship between history, revolution, and poetry reflect his involvement in student politics and in the Marxist and anarchist left. Beginning in the late 1930s, Paz published significant work on the theme of Mexican identity, including his best‐known work The Labyrinth of Solitude (1950). Paz was also the founder and editor of many significant literary magazines, including Plural and Vuelta . From the 1970s until his death in 1998, Paz became critical of the politics to which he had been so committed in his youth. In these years, Paz's writing, literary magazines, and more general public engagement generated tension with the intellectual left, especially those elements of the left committed to Marxism.
Luminescence of carbon and oxygen related complexes in annealed silicon (1984)

Efficient radiative defects are introduced in silicon by annealing at 450 °C. They are associated with very sharp and intense transitions at 0.926 eV (H line) and at 0.767 eV (P line). A close correlation has been established between the intensity of these lines and the oxygen content of the sample. The carbon content correlates also with the line H. It is shown that the radiation induced lines at 0.79 eV (C line) and at 0.97 eV (G line) are similarly influenced by the oxygen and carbon content. Although the detailed nature of the centers responsible for H and P lines is not known it can be put forward that their formation is controlled by Oi migration, and that the center leading to H must be similar to the G center (CSi–Sii−CSi).
Color-tunable <b>&lt;</b>10 <i> <b>μ</b> </i>m square InGaN micro-LEDs on compliant GaN-on-porous-GaN pseudo-substrates (2020)

In this study, two methods to tune the emission wavelength of micro-LEDs fabricated on tile patterned compliant GaN-on-porous-GaN pseudo-substrates (PSs) are presented. The mechanical flexibility of porous GaN was utilized to relax the strain induced during the growth of light-emitting diode (LED) structures with n- and p-InGaN layers and enhance the indium incorporation via the composition pulling effect. The first approach involved only varying the size of the PS square tiles used for LED structure regrowth, from 20 × 20 μm2 to 8 × 8 μm2. Higher n-InGaN base layer relaxation with decreasing tile size resulted in a red shift of emission from 525 nm to 561 nm with no change in the growth conditions. The second method involved changing the mole fraction, x, of the n-InxGa1−xN base layer of the LED structure from 0.04 to 0.09 by reducing growth temperature, while maintaining the high temperature growth conditions of the multi-quantum well (MQW) and p-InGaN targeting 530 nm emission. The resulting wavelength shift was a remarkable 536–616 nm due to the stronger composition pulling effect, providing a pathway to enable high indium content MQW active regions to be grown at high temperature.
The False Negative Rate in Cervical Cytology (1996)

Cervical samples that are preserved in a liquid suspension and prepared using the density gradient monolayer technology have many advantages over conventional cervical cytologic smear preparations. The quality of cell preservation and presentation is superior. Elimination of obscuring material, homogeneity of the sample and standardized quality work together to produce preparations that can be effectively and reliably screened by cytotechnologists. These preparations should greatly enhance the reliability of machine-based screening in the future.
DI-MMAP—a scalable memory-map runtime for out-of-core data-intensive applications (2013)

We present DI-MMAP, a high-performance runtime that memory-maps large external data sets into an application’s address space and shows significantly better performance than the Linux mmap system call. Our implementation is particularly effective when used with high performance locally attached Flash arrays on highly concurrent, latency-tolerant data-intensive HPC applications. We describe the kernel module and show performance results on a benchmark test suite, a new bioinformatics metagenomic classification application, and on a level-asynchronous Breadth-First Search (BFS) graph traversal algorithm. Using DI-MMAP, the metagenomics classification application performs up to 4× better than standard Linux mmap. A fully external memory configuration of BFS executes up to 7.44× faster than traditional mmap. Finally, we demonstrate that DI-MMAP shows scalable out-of-core performance for BFS traversal in main memory constrained scenarios. Such scalable memory constrained performance would allow a system with a fixed amount of memory to solve a larger problem as well as provide memory QoS guarantees for systems running multiple data-intensive applications.
Recherche de conditions permettant l'obtention de néoformations chez différents génotypes de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) : extension à la culture de protoplastes (1989)

Le but de notre travail est de determiner les conditions permettant l'obtention de neoformation de bourgeons a partir de culture d'explants et de protoplastes du manioc. L'utilisation de la 1/2 dose de vitamines de Morel, ainsi que l'induction en milieu liquide d'apex caulinaire par des cytokinines permettant une micropropagation rapide et reproductible du manioc. La callogenese des explants mis en culture est sous l'influence de l'âge de l'organe et du genotype utilise. Les organes jeunes, independamment de leur nature, sont plus aptes a la callogenese. Les petioles et les tiges semblent plus aptes a la neoformation de bourgeons que le limbe, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont cultives en presence de BAP et ANA. Le limbe issu de plantes in vitro donne le meilleur rendement en protoplastes, mais ces derniers sont incapables de se diviser. Seuls les protoplastes de petioles et de tiges sont aptes a la division avec une frequence variant entre 17 et 50% selon le genotype. Le meilleur resultat final est obtenu avec les protoplastes de petioles de plantes in vitro. Le taux de division de protoplastes semble etre stimule par le traitement electrique utilise au cours des essais d'electrofusion entre M. Esculenta et M. Glaziovii. L'utilisation de certaines sequences de milieux particulierement riches en zeatine ou en 2,4-D a conduit a la formation des zones meristematiques rhizogenes sur les cals de protoplastes.
A Novel Snf2 Protein Maintains trans-Generational Regulatory States Established by Paramutation in Maize (2007)

Paramutations represent heritable epigenetic alterations that cause departures from Mendelian inheritance. While the mechanism responsible is largely unknown, recent results in both mouse and maize suggest paramutations are correlated with RNA molecules capable of affecting changes in gene expression patterns. In maize, multiple required to maintain repression (rmr) loci stabilize these paramutant states. Here we show rmr1 encodes a novel Snf2 protein that affects both small RNA accumulation and cytosine methylation of a proximal transposon fragment at the Pl1-Rhoades allele. However, these cytosine methylation differences do not define the various epigenetic states associated with paramutations. Pedigree analyses also show RMR1 does not mediate the allelic interactions that typically establish paramutations. Strikingly, our mutant analyses show that Pl1-Rhoades RNA transcript levels are altered independently of transcription rates, implicating a post-transcriptional level of RMR1 action. These results suggest the RNA component of maize paramutation maintains small heterochromatic-like domains that can affect, via the activity of a Snf2 protein, the stability of nascent transcripts from adjacent genes by way of a cotranscriptional repression process. These findings highlight a mechanism by which alleles of endogenous loci can acquire novel expression patterns that are meiotically transmissible.
Automatic detection and classification of prosodic events (2009)

Prosody, or intonation, is a critically important component of spoken communication. The automatic extraction of prosodic information is necessary for machines to process speech with human levels of proficiency. In this thesis we describe work on the automatic detection and classification of prosodic events—specifically, pitch accents and prosodic phrase boundaries. We present novel techniques, feature representations and state of the art performance in each of these tasks. We also present three proof-of-concept applications—speech summarization, story segmentation and non-native speech assessment—showing that access to hypothesized prosodic event information can be used to improve the performance of downstream spoken language processing tasks. We believe the contributions of this thesis advance the understanding of prosodic events and the use of prosody in spoken language processing towards the goal of human-like processing of speech by machines.
The role of interactivity in human-machine conversation for automatic word acquisition (2009)

Motivated by the psycholinguistic finding that human eye gaze is tightly linked to speech production, previous work has applied naturally occurring eye gaze for automatic vocabulary acquisition. However, unlike in the typical settings for psycholinguistic studies, eye gaze can serve different functions in human-machine conversation. Some gaze streams do not link to the content of the spoken utterances and thus can be potentially detrimental to word acquisition. To address this problem, this paper investigates the incorporation of interactivity in identifying the close coupling of speech and gaze streams for word acquisition. Our empirical results indicate that automatic identification of closely coupled gaze-speech streams leads to significantly better word acquisition performance.
A comparison of material classification techniques for ultrasound inverse imaging (2002)

The conjugate gradient method with edge preserving regularization (CGEP) is applied to the ultrasound inverse scattering problem for the early detection of breast tumors. To accelerate image reconstruction, several different pattern classification schemes are introduced into the CGEP algorithm. These classification techniques are compared for a full-sized, two-dimensional breast model. One of these techniques uses two parameters, the sound speed and attenuation, simultaneously to perform classification based on a Bayesian classifier and is called bivariate material classification (BMC). The other two techniques, presented in earlier work, are univariate material classification (UMC) and neural network (NN) classification. BMC is an extension of UMC, the latter using attenuation alone to perform classification, and NN classification uses a neural network. Both noiseless and noisy cases are considered. For the noiseless case, numerical simulations show that the CGEP-BMC method requires 40% fewer iterations than the CGEP method, and the CGEP-NN method requires 55% fewer. The CGEP-BMC and CGEP-NN methods yield more accurate reconstructions than the CGEP method. A quantitative comparison of the CGEP-BMC, CGEP-NN, and GN-UMC methods shows that the CGEP-BMC and CGEP-NN methods are more robust to noise than the GN-UMC method, while all three are similar in computational complexity.
Indexing of network constrained moving objects (2003)

With the proliferation of mobile computing, the ability to index efficiently the movements of mobile objects becomes important. Objects are typically seen as moving in two-dimensional (x,y) space, which means that their movements across time may be embedded in the three-dimensional (x,y,t) space. Further, the movements are typically represented as trajectories, sequences of connected line segments. In certain cases, movement is restricted, and specifically in this paper, we aim at exploiting that movements occur in transportation networks to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Briefly, the idea is to reduce movements to occur in one spatial dimension. As a consequence, the movement data becomes two-dimensional (x,t). The advantages of considering such lower-dimensional trajectories are the reduced overall size of the data and the lower-dimensional indexing challenge. Since off-the-shelf systems typically do not offer higher-dimensional indexing, this reduction in dimensionality allows us to use such DBMSes to store and index trajectories. Moreover, we argue that, given the right circumstances, indexing these dimensionality-reduced trajectories can be more efficient than using a three-dimensional index. This hypothesis is verified by an experimental study that incorporates trajectories stemming from real and synthetic road networks.
Role of Enzyme Receptors and Inhibitors in Regulating Proteolytic Activities of Macrophages<sup>a</sup> (1991)

Expression of proteases by neutrophils and other cells with a prominent regulated secretory pathway is determined largely by stimulus-response secretion of proteins prepackaged in high concentration. The regulated secretory pathway is apparently minor in macrophages, and instead proteases are either channeled into lysosomes or secreted constitutively. Posttranslational regulation of macrophage proteases then depends on compartmentalizing enzymes to their sites of primary function. Available data suggest that cells use both specific receptors and inhibitors to accomplish this. Viewed in this context protease inhibitors primarily function to inhibit enzyme not bound to their receptor. Consonant with this model of regulation, connective tissue turnover by macrophages is a contact-dependent process relatively resistant to exogenous macromolecular inhibitors. Although limited information is available regarding determinants that modulate matrix metabolism by human macrophages, this model suggests that determinants of adhesion and colocalization of enzyme and substrate would be as or more important than alterations of inhibitors in the microenvironment of the cell.
Electrical characterization of radio-frequency discharges in the Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell (1992)

Measurements of the electrical characteristics of radio-frequency (rf) discharges can be subject to large errors due to limitations in the measurement instruments and the stray impedance of the discharge cell. This study reports electrical measurements of argon discharges in the GEC Reference Cell in which special care has been taken to identify and minimize these sources of error. Careful calibration of current and voltage probes was found to be essential. In addition, parasitic impedances in the cell were found to be large, sensitive to minor changes in electrical connections, and not adequately described by simple a priori models. A general technique for characterizing the stray impedance, including an analysis of the propagation of errors, is presented here. This technique assures accurate results with specified uncertainties. Error analysis demonstrated that large gains in the precision of the measurements can be obtained using an inductive shunt circuit. Together, these techniques should improve the utility of electrical measurements for gauging the reproducibility of plasma conditions among rf discharge cells, for testing theoretical results, and for monitoring plasma processing.
Mucosal Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in a Humanized Mouse Model (2009)

ABSTRACT Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide and a risk factor for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. Although many vaccine candidates have shown promising results in animal models, they have failed to be effective in human trials. In this study, a humanized mouse strain was evaluated as a potential preclinical model for studying human immune responses to HSV-2 infection and vaccination. Immunodeficient mouse strains were examined for their abilities to develop human innate and adaptive immune cells after transplantation of human umbilical cord stem cells. A RAG2 −/− γc −/− mouse strain with a BALB/c background was chosen as the most appropriate model and was then examined for its ability to mount innate and adaptive immune responses to intravaginal HSV-2 infection and immunization. After primary infection, human cells in the lymph nodes were able to generate a protective innate immune response and produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ). After intravaginal immunization and infection, human T cells and NK cells were found in the genital tract and iliac lymph nodes. In addition, human T cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and vaginal tract were able to respond to stimulation with HSV-2 antigens by replicating and producing IFN-γ. Human B cells were also able to produce HSV-2-specific immunoglobulin G. These adaptive responses were also shown to be protective and reduce local viral replication in the genital tract. This approach provides a means for studying human immune responses in vivo using a small-animal model and may become an important preclinical tool.