gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Route Optimization of Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Wireless Charging (2018)

One of the barriers for the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is the anxiety around the limited driving range. Recent proposals have explored charging EVs on the move, using dynamic wireless charging which enables power exchange between the vehicle and the grid while the vehicle is moving. In this paper, we focus on the intelligent routing of EVs in need of charging so that they can make most efficient use of the so-called mobile energy disseminators (MEDs) which operate as mobile charging stations. We present a method for routing EVs around MEDs on the road network, which is based on constraint logic programming and optimization using a graph-based shortest path algorithm. The proposed method exploits inter-vehicle communications in order to eco-route electric vehicles. We argue that combining modern communications between vehicles and state of the art technologies on energy transfer, the driving range of EVs can be extended without the need for larger batteries or overtly costly infrastructure. We present extensive simulations in city conditions that show the driving range and consequently the overall travel time of electric vehicles is improved with intelligent routing in the presence of MEDs.
Lack of Adverse Clopidogrel–Atorvastatin Clinical Interaction From Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clopidogrel Trial (2003)

Although ex vivo testing has suggested a potential negative interaction when coadministering a CYP3A4-metabolized statin with clopidogrel, this was not clinically observed statistically in a post hoc analysis of a placebo-controlled study.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Source, and Method and Time of Application Effects on No‐till Corn Yields and Nitrogen Uptakes<sup>1</sup> (1986)

Abstract The increasing use of both no‐tillage corn ( Zea mays L.) production and urea‐containing fertilizers makes it imperative that we develop management strategies that maximize economic return from applications of these fertilizers to no‐till corn. A 3‐yr experiment was conducted on a Murrill silt loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) to determine the relative efficiencies (yield and N uptake per unit of N applied) of three common N sources [NH 4 NO 3 (AN), urea, and urea‐ammonium nitrate solution (UAN)] used on no‐till corn. They were applied either as a surface band or as an injected band at or near the time of planting, or as a sidedress 26 to 31 days after plant emergence. Surface‐banded AN, injected AN, and injected urea all produced similar no‐till corn yields and N uptakes. The apparent NH 3 volatilization loss from surface‐banded urea was strongly influenced by the number of days after application until a total of 10 mm of rain fell. Apparent losses ranged from less than 50 g kg −1 of applied N with 10 mm of rainfall within 2 to 3 days after application, to over 300 g kg −1 with 5 to 7 days of dry weather after application. Both surface‐banded and injected UAN were less efficient than AN or injected urea. Sidedress applications of N resulted in more efficient N fertilizer utilization with all sources, but particularly with urea‐containing sources. Shorter rain‐free periods after sidedress applications may have contributed to this effect. Surface applications of an experimental fertilizer, 3:1 urea/urea phosphate, produced greater ear‐leaf at silking N concentrations than did surface‐banded urea. Amending urea with KCI, or UAN with ammonium thiosulfate, did not result in yields, ear‐leaf N concentrations, or N uptakes significantly different from those obtained with their unamended surface‐applied counterparts in the one year that each was tested.
Stimulatory Interaction Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Endothelin-1 on Each Gene Expression (1998)

The precise regulation of cell growth in the vascular wall maintains vascular integrity, and its disruption leads to cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a specific mitogen for endothelial cells, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to stimulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The aim of this study was to explore a potential interaction between VEGF and ET-1 on each expression in vascular cells. VEGF enhanced preproET-1 mRNA expression and ET-1 secretion in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Similarly, in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), ET-1 enhanced VEGF mRNA expression and stimulated VEGF secretion. ET-1-induced VEGF mRNA expression was abolished by a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist, BQ-485, but not by an ET(B)-selective blocker, BQ-788. It was also inhibited by pretreatment with actinomycin D but not by pretreatment with cycloheximide. Furthermore, the actinomycin D chase experiment revealed that ET-1 did not alter VEGF mRNA stability. Coculture of BAECs and VSMCs enhanced both ET-1 and VEGF gene expression in these cells, and the conditioned media from BAECs and VSMCs reproduced the augmentation of each gene expression, which was partially inhibited by BQ-485 or an antibody specific to VEGF. Our results indicate that VEGF and ET-1 have stimulatory interactions on each expression, which may play an important role in concomitant proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall.
Human Infection with Pasteurella septica (1944)

A SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC MEDICBALOURNAL 725 contacts isolated. (4) No draft:ng of naval personnel, other than direct contacts, was stopped provided they had been vaccinated and showed good scars.Course of the Epidemic By March 2 (thirty-six days after the first case had occurred in the Navy) there had been six naval cases; of these, three showed no scars indicative of previous successful vaccination, and a fourth had only a very small scar.It was decided, there- fore, that the scheme was not working satisfactorily because all personnel were still not vaccinated, and that more drastic steps must be taken to obtain 100°o immunity.Consequently, all leave to and from the base was stopped, and liberty-men were not allowed ashore unless in possession of documentary evidence of vaccination within the past tWo years.These restrictions, especially the formner, had the desired effect of making all naval personnel, and particularly officers, smallpox-conscious and vaccination-minded.From this date onwards there was a noticeable increase in the numbers pre- senting themselves for vaccination, and the epidemic in the Navy rapidly subsided.It was possible to raise the ban on leave by March 12. Conclusions
Matrix stimulates the proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells in culture. (1997)

The use of substratum elaborated by bovine corneal endothelial cells has proved useful in the preparation of human endothelial cell cultures from juvenile and adult donors. The method has been used to establish cultures from more than 50 donors from age 1 day to 76 years.
An efficient algorithm for deriving logic functions of asynchronous circuits (2002)

Signal Transition Graphs (STGs) are Petri nets, which were introduced to represent a behavior of asynchronous circuits. To derive logic functions from an STG, the reachability graph should be constructed. In the verification of STGs some method based on Occurrence nets (OCN) and its prefix, called unfolding, has been proposed. OCNs can represent both causality and concurrency between two nodes by net structure. In this paper, we propose a method to derive a logic function by generating substate space of a given STG using the structural properties of OCN. The proposed method can be seen as a parallel algorithm for deriving a logic function.
Activation of Trk neurotrophin receptors in the absence of neurotrophins (2001)

Neurotrophins regulate neuronal cell survival and synaptic plasticity through activation of Trk receptor tyrosine kinases. Binding of neurotrophins to Trk receptors results in receptor autophosphorylation and downstream phosphorylation cascades. Here, we describe an approach to use small molecule agonists to transactivate Trk neurotrophin receptors. Activation of TrkA receptors in PC12 cells and TrkB in hippocampal neurons was observed after treatment with adenosine, a neuromodulator that acts through G protein-coupled receptors. These effects were reproduced by using the adenosine agonist CGS 21680 and were counteracted with the antagonist ZM 241385, indicating that this transactivation event by adenosine involves adenosine 2A receptors. The increase in Trk activity could be inhibited by the use of the Src family-specific inhibitor, PP1, or K252a, an inhibitor of Trk receptors. In contrast to other G protein-coupled receptor transactivation events, adenosine used Trk receptor signaling with a longer time course. Moreover, adenosine activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through a Trk-dependent mechanism that resulted in increased cell survival after nerve growth factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor withdrawal. Therefore, adenosine acting through the A(2A) receptors exerts a trophic effect through the engagement of Trk receptors. These results provide an explanation for neuroprotective actions of adenosine through a unique signaling mechanism and raise the possibility that small molecules may be used to elicit neurotrophic effects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Chemo- and regioselective crossed alkyne cyclotrimerisation of 1,6-diynes with terminal monoalkynes mediated by Grubbs’ catalyst or Wilkinson’s catalyst (2000)

A novel protocol for crossed alkyne cyclotrimerisations mediated by Grubbs’ catalyst [RuCl2(CHPh)(PCy3)2] allows the efficient synthesis of 4,6-substituted indolines with high regioselectivity, and it is complementary to alkyne cyclotrimerisations mediated by Wilkinson’s catalyst [RhCl(PPh3)3] allowing the regioselective synthesis of the corresponding 4,5-substituted isomers in many cases.
Tetracycloxides. I. A New Class of Tetracycline Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetracycloxides. I. A New Class of Tetracycline DerivativesRobert C. Esse, J. A. Lowery, C. Richard. Tamorria, and G. M. SiegerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 18, 3874–3875Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01072a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01072a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Degree and distribution of variability in the 5' untranslated, E1, E2/NS1 and NS5 regions of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) shows a high degree of variability resulting in many different variants. In this work we described the variability of several subgenomic fragments from the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) and E1, E2/NS1 and NS5 regions comparing, for every position, all the sequences published in GenBank v. 88 (July 1995) as well as new sequences obtained in this work. Variability was determined in two ways. First, we analysed the degree and type of substitutions found in these regions. Second, we defined the most variable and conserved segments in each region and compared our prediction with previous studies. Our results confirm that HCV variability changes along the different regions. Although we found four variable domains in the 5'-UTR, this region was the only one to contain conserved domains. Envelope (E1, E2/NS1) and NS5 regions showed high variability throughout; however, we were able to define six and three hypervariable domains, respectively. The degree and distribution of variability established in this work is supported by the high number of sequences and the different types included in the study. Knowledge of how variability is distributed along the different regions of the HCV genome could be of use in the design of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against HCV infection.
Factors that Influence Crisis Managers and their Decision-Making Ability during Extreme Events (2010)

This paper reviews crisis literature, identifying factors that most challenge decision makers during extreme events. The objectives are to understand the environment in which the emergency manager is working; isolate factors that hinder the decision maker’s ability to implement optimum solutions; and identify structures that best fit the problem type. These objectives are important because extreme events are not well managed. Extreme events are best characterized as wicked problems. Stress, information overload, bias, and uncertainty create an environment that challenges even the best decision makers. Factors must be better understood so that policies, systems, and technologies can be created to better fit the needs of the decision maker. The authors discuss ongoing research efforts and describe systems being designed and implemented that provide a variety of web based collaborative tools, as well as solutions to these wicked problems.
Object-oriented specification and design of user-interfaces (2002)

The specifier of a user-interface describes user-perceivable functions and information organisation in an implementation independent way. The designer is concerned with both the presentation and software structure of the user-interface. The path from specification to software design can be assisted by design patterns. In this paper we examine techniques for specification and the design of both the presentation and software aspects of user-interfaces. We outline our research strategy towards the generation of a specification and design framework for developing user-interfaces.
Designing LED array for uniform illumination distribution by simulated annealing algorithm (2012)

We propose a numerical optimization method designing LED array for achieving a good uniform illumination distribution on target plane. Simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize LED array arrangement. Using the method, we optimized three LED arrays with various luminous intensity profiles. In order to exhibit the design freedom of the method, we use some LEDs with different intensity value in the first and third array, respectively. By optimizing, the three arrays all produced highly uniform illumination distribution with the uniformity of 0.12, 0.23 and 0.13, respectively. It indicates our method can design various luminous intensity distribution LED arrays and design array consisting of LEDs with different intensity value. In addition, the method is simple and can optimize the LED array automatically by computer program. To the best of our knowledge, it is first time to use numerical optimization method to design the optimal LED array arrangement for uniform irradiance.
On the use of controls for subsonic transport performance improvement - Overview and future directions (1994)

Increasing competition among airline manufacturers and operators has highlighted the issue of aircraft efficiency. Fewer aircraft orders have led to an all-out efficiency improvement effort among the manufacturers to maintain if not increase their share of the shrinking number of aircraft sales. Aircraft efficiency is important in airline profitability and is key if fuel prices increase from their current low. In a continuing effort to improve aircraft efficiency and develop an optimal performance technology base, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center developed and flight tested an adaptive performance seeking control system to optimize the quasi-steady-state performance of the F-15 aircraft. The demonstrated technology is equally applicable to transport aircraft although with less improvement. NASA Dryden, in transitioning this technology to transport aircraft, is specifically exploring the feasibility of applying adaptive optimal control techniques to performance optimization of redundant control effectors. A simulation evaluation of a preliminary control law optimizes wing-aileron camber for minimum net aircraft drag. Two submodes are evaluated: one to minimize fuel and the other to maximize velocity. This paper covers the status of performance optimization of the current fleet of subsonic transports. Available integrated controls technologies are reviewed to define approaches using active controls. A candidate control law for adaptive performance optimization is presented along with examples of algorithm operation.
Novel Syntheses of Heterocycles from α-Oxonitriles; Part III.<sup>1</sup>2-Amino-3-arylpyrazines (1987)

A facile synthesis of 2-amino 3-arylpyrazines 2 by the interaction of equimolecular amounts of α-oxonitriles (aroyl cyanides) 1 with ethylenediamine in refluxiug benzene is described.
Cardiac Overexpression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Transgenic Mice Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (2006)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by inflammatory responses that lead to the recruitment of leukocytes and subsequent myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Because monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (also known as CCL2) regulates monocytic inflammatory responses, we investigated the effect of cardiac MCP-1 overexpression on left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodeling in a murine MI model. Transgenic mice expressing the mouse JE-MCP-1 gene under the control of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter (MHC/MCP-1 mice) were used for this purpose. MHC/MCP-1 mice had reduced infarct area and scar formation and improved LV dysfunction after MI. These mice also showed induction of macrophage infiltration and neovascularization; however, few bone marrow-derived endothelial cells were detected in MHC/MCP-1 mice whose bone marrow was replaced with that of Tie2/LacZ transgenic mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed no increase in endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+/Flk-1+ cells) in MHC/MCP-1 mice. Marked myocardial interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, STAT3 activation, and LV hypertrophy were observed after MI in MHC/MCP-1 mice. Furthermore, cardiac myofibroblasts accumulated after MI in MHC/MCP-1 mice. In vitro experiments revealed that a combination of IL-6 with MCP-1 synergistically stimulated and sustained STAT3 activation in cardiomyocytes. MCP-1, IL-6, and hypoxia directly promoted the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Our results suggest that cardiac overexpression of MCP-1 induced macrophage infiltration, neovascularization, myocardial IL-6 secretion, and accumulation of cardiac myofibroblasts, thereby resulting in the prevention of LV dysfunction and remodeling after MI. They also provide a new insight into the role of cardiac MCP-1 in the pathophysiology of MI.
Plastic Degradation and Its Environmental Implications with Special Reference to Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2012)

With increasing global consumption and their natural resistance to degradation, plastic materials and their accumulation in the environment is of increasing concern. This review aims to present a general overview of the current state of knowledge in areas that relate to biodegradation of polymers, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). This includes an outline of the problems associated with plastic pollution in the marine environment, a description of the properties, commercial manufacturing and degradability of PET, an overview of the potential for biodegradation of conventional polymers and biodegradable polymers already in production.
Blood Compatibility and Biomedical Applications of Graphene (2011)

In contrast to ketones, one of the most important classes of organic compounds, their heavier element congeners, "heavy ketones", are much less explored because of their extremely high reactivities. This Account reviews the synthesis, reactivities, and structures of stable heavy ketones containing silicon, germanium, and tin as well as those of moderately stable lead analogues. These heavy ketones are kinetically stabilized by taking advantage of bulky substituents, yet they can undergo a variety of reactions due to the intrinsic high reactivity of heavier group 14-16 double bonds. Systematic comparisons for silicon through lead compounds reveal interesting differences in their properties, depending on the elements.
Data Hiding Scheme Using Covering Codes in Halftone Images Based on Error Diffusion (2008)

This paper proposes a new data hiding scheme based on covering code in process of producing halftone images. The scheme is mainly to do error diffusion in gray-level images beforehand, and produce the fixed length sequence of the halftoning binary code according to the rule of covering code. Then, after embedding secret data in the binary code, the gray-level images renew to do the error diffusion by the new binary code. While all pixels of gray-level image have been processed, not only can achieve to render gray-level images to halftone images, but can embed secret data into halftone images. The experimental results prove the quality of stego-halftone image of our scheme better than the scheme that the secret data directly embed to halftone images using covering code. Moreover, the average of PSNR in our proposed scheme only degrades 4.77 dB between the stego-halftone image and original halftone image, and data hiding capacity can hold 42%.
Surgical Treatment of the Thumb in the Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (1987)

In a review of 530 individuals with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, 182 (34%) were found to have thumbs in severe radial angulation ("hitch-hiker thumbs"), which prevented opposition and functional gripping strength. Surgery has been performed on 35 thumbs (from 20 patients), usually to correct a delta phalanx deformity. The preferred approach was a closing wedge osteotomy, with a Z-plasty on the concave side to straighten the thumb. In eight and possibly 11 of the 35 thumbs, the angulation deformity or stiffness recurred, emphasizing the importance of proper and careful surgery. We conclude that surgical correction of the deformity is best done before the age of two, so that the thumb is functional during the initial development of hand-eye coordination. Deviation persisting at the age of ten can be corrected by fusing the metacarpophalangeal joint.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of Coccidiosis in Chickens: Use of a Single Serum Dilution (1986)

A simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to survey broiler chickens for coccidial infection. With an antigen derived from Eimeria tenella oocysts and a single serum dilution of 1:100, the absorbance values were directly used for the evaluation of antibody levels. When the detection level, determined with sera from specific-pathogen-free chickens, was used as the negative standard, randomly selected sera from broiler chickens essentially were negative. Sera were periodically collected from two flocks of commercial broilers reared under medication, and their ELISA titers were compared with their excretion of oocysts. When the oocyst isolation rate indicated that infection was severe, a substantial number of chickens showed high absorbance values in ELISA. These results indicate that coccidial infections in the field can be detected serologically with ELISA.