gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trafficking of exogenous fatty acids within Caco-2 cells. (1992)

Dietary fatty acids (FAs) crossing the apical plasma membrane of small intestinal enterocytes are targeted to different metabolic pathways than serum FAs crossing the basolateral membrane. This apparent compartmentalization of FA metabolism in enterocytes was further investigated using a model human enterocyte-like intestinal cell line. [3H]Oleic acid bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was added to the apical or basolateral surfaces of confluent monolayers of Caco-2 cells growing on uncoated polycarbonate filters. In other experiments, [3H]oleic acid incorporated into micelles with taurocholate (+/- 2-monoacylglycerol) was added apically. Caco-2 cells absorbed oleic acid bound to BSA from both the apical and basolateral surfaces at the same rate. Oleic acid in micellar solution was absorbed more efficiently than oleic acid bound to BSA. Regardless of its site or mode of presentation, the majority of the incorporated oleic acid was found in triglycerides. Only a small fraction was subjected to beta-oxidation or esterification into phospholipids. Most of the incorporated oleic acid was still retained intracellularly at 24 h. The polarity of triglyceride secretion was influenced by the experimental conditions. Triglyceride secretion was not significantly polarized when oleic acid-BSA was presented apically. However, the ratio of basolateral to apical secretion at 24 h was 9:1 for oleic acid-BSA presented basolaterally. For oleic acid in taurocholate micelles there was a trend toward polarity of secretion to the apical media (apical to basolateral ratio = 2:1). The inclusion of 2-monoacylglycerol in oleic acid-taurocholate micelles did not augment triglyceride synthesis or secretion. These differences indicate that compartmentation of FA metabolism in Caco-2 cells is influenced by the site of FA presentation. Northern and Western blot hybridization studies indicated that the liver fatty acid-binding protein but not the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene is expressed in these cells. The absence of this latter 15 kDa protein indicates that it is not required by Caco-2 cells for the synthesis of triglycerides or for the polarized export of triglyceride. These studies indicate that the Caco-2 cell line will be a useful model system for studying the polarization of FA trafficking/metabolism in enterocytes and defining the role of intracellular fatty acid binding proteins in these processes.
N‐Terminal Cu‐Binding Motifs (Xxx‐Zzz‐His, Xxx‐His) and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Biology and Medicinal Applications (2018)

Peptides and proteins with N-terminal amino acid sequences NH<sub>2</sub> -Xxx-His (XH) and NH<sub>2</sub> -Xxx-Zzz-His (XZH) form well-established high-affinity Cu<sup>II</sup> -complexes. Key examples are Asp-Ala-His (in serum albumin) and Gly-His-Lys, the wound healing factor. This opens a straightforward way to add a high-affinity Cu<sup>II</sup> -binding site to almost any peptide or protein, by chemical or recombinant approaches. Thus, these motifs, NH<sub>2</sub> -Xxx-Zzz-His in particular, have been used to equip peptides and proteins with a multitude of functions based on the redox activity of Cu, including nuclease, protease, glycosidase, or oxygen activation properties, useful in anticancer or antimicrobial drugs. More recent research suggests novel biological functions, mainly based on the redox inertness of Cu<sup>II</sup> in XZH, like PET imaging (with <sup>64</sup> Cu), chelation therapies (for instance in Alzheimer's disease and other types of neurodegeneration), antioxidant units, Cu transporters and activation of biological functions by strong Cu<sup>II</sup> binding. This Review gives an overview of the chemical properties of Cu-XH and -XZH motifs and discusses the pros and cons of the vastly different biological applications, and how they could be improved depending on the application.
Radiative Recombination between Deep-Donor-Acceptor Pairs in GaP (1965)

A number of emission bands lying several tenths of an eV below the band gap have been observed in photoluminescence spectra of GaP crystals. These bands shift in peak position as different donors and acceptors are incorporated in the crystals. The emission bands are identified as donor-acceptor pair recombination bands involving deep levels by noting that these shifts correspond directly to changes in the donor and acceptor binding energies and by noting their similarity to shallow donor-acceptor pair bands previously identified as such. One of these bands is due to recombination between the deep donor oxygen and the shallow acceptor zinc. In p-type crystals thermal ionization of minority carriers trapped on the deep donor is small, so that in samples containing optimum concentrations of zinc and oxygen, photoluminescence (external) quantum efficiencies as high as 1.5% have been measured at room temperature.
A GEP-Based Anomaly Detection Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Trusted and reliable wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on the accurate and rapid detection of anomalies. However, the security model in wired networks is not suited for WSNs because of their energy constraints. In this paper, a traffic prediction model based on gene expression programming (GEP-ADS) is proposed, to predict the time series of normal traffic. Then we present a lightweight anomaly detection scheme (ADS) in WSNs. In the ADS, no more cooperation between sensor nodes is required, which dramatically decrease the energy consumption. Another key advantage of our approach is that GEP-ADS could solve the problem that the traditional time series methods can't make an accurate prediction without the pre-knowledge. In order to evaluate our ADS, we have simulated several routing attacks, and fully discussed the parameter setting influence on our ADS. The simulation results show that our ADS is able to achieve high detection accuracy with a low false positive rate.
The synergistic anticancer effect of cisplatin combined with Oldenlandia diffusa in osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line in vitro (2016)

In this study, we found that OD inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. In addition, OD displayed inhibitory activity on MG-63 cell proliferation and invasion and the study also showed that OD activity might be mediated by caspase activation. These data suggest that OD might represent a novel, efficient candidate agent for further experimentation in osteosarcoma treatment.
Chemistry and Biology of Allelopathic Agents (1985)

It has been shewn that allelopathic agents are responsible for prevention of seed decay, dormancy of seeds and buds, promotion of pathogenic infections, and resistance of plants to diseases. These agents, biosynthesized by both crop plants and weeds, are also involved in eliciting inhibition of growth of crop plants by crop plants, growth retardation, of weeds by crop plants, and inhibion of weeds by crop plants. The specific chemicals involved in allelopathy remain obscure, although several secondary plant products, e.g., simple aliphatics, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and steroids have been reported. It appears that these plant products play an important role in crop production and crop protection. Several toxins have been reported which not only affect the growth and development of plants, pests and microorganisms, but also elicit deleterious health effects in animals and humans. In order to assess the chemical specificity for allelopathy, identification of the causative agents is required. A concerted effort in chemical and biological research is needed to fully understand the physiological and biochemical implications in allelopathy. An overview of allelochemicals produced by crop plants is presented.
[Genotyping of human papillomavirus genotyes in cervical scrapes by line probe assay]. (1999)

The LiPA for HPV genotyping is easy to perform. It allows accurate and rapid identification of 16 different HPV types in cervical scrapes and will facilitate HPV detection as well as genotyping in cervical cancer screening programs.
Effect of Trial-Mayonnaise on Human Serum Cholesterol (1972)

Two kinds of trial-mayonnaise (A, B) and one market brand (C) were given to the three groups each consisting of 10 healthy girls, and their serum cholesterol levels before and after the experimental period were compared. Each girl received 100g mayonnaise per day for one week.Each mayonnaise was composed of 65% of the under-written oils, 15% egg yolk and vinegar etc.A Rice Bran OilB Rice Bran Oil 70% and Safflower Oil 30%C Soy Bean Oil 50%, Rice Bran Oil 30%, and Cotten Seed Oil 20%The mayonnaise B decreased the serum cholesterol most by 11%, followed by the mayonnaise A by 8% and the last C by 5%.In comparison with the former experiments employing only oils, where the oil B decreased the serum cholesterol level by 26% and the oil A by 15-18%, it may be supposed that the egg yolk in the mayonnaise counteracted against the lowering effect of the oil itself
Information analysis of human splice site mutations (1998)

Splice site nucleotide substitutions can be analyzed by comparing the individual information contents (Ri, bits) of the normal and variant splice junction sequences [Rogan and Schneider, 1995]. In the present study, we related splicing abnormalities to changes in Ri values of 111 previously reported splice site substitutions in 41 different genes. Mutant donor and acceptor sites have significantly less information than their normal counterparts. With one possible exception, primary mutant sites with <2.4 bits were not spliced. Sites with Ri values > or = 2.4 bits but less than the corresponding natural site usually decreased, but did not abolish splicing. Substitutions that produced small changes in Ri probably do not impair splicing and are often polymorphisms. The Ri values of activated cryptic sites were generally comparable to or greater than those of the corresponding natural splice sites. Information analysis revealed preexisting cryptic splice junctions that are used instead of the mutated natural site. Other cryptic sites were created or strengthened by sequence changes that simultaneously altered the natural site. Comparison between normal and mutant splice site Ri values distinguishes substitutions that impair splicing from those which do not, distinguishes null alleles from those that are partially functional, and detects activated cryptic splice sites.
Observe locally, infer globally: A space-time MRF for detecting abnormal activities with incremental updates (2009)

We propose a space-time Markov random field (MRF) model to detect abnormal activities in video. The nodes in the MRF graph correspond to a grid of local regions in the video frames, and neighboring nodes in both space and time are associated with links. To learn normal patterns of activity at each local node, we capture the distribution of its typical optical flow with a mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers. For any new optical flow patterns detected in incoming video clips, we use the learned model and MRF graph to compute a maximum a posteriori estimate of the degree of normality at each local node. Further, we show how to incrementally update the current model parameters as new video observations stream in, so that the model can efficiently adapt to visual context changes over a long period of time. Experimental results on surveillance videos show that our space-time MRF model robustly detects abnormal activities both in a local and global sense: not only does it accurately localize the atomic abnormal activities in a crowded video, but at the same time it captures the global-level abnormalities caused by irregular interactions between local activities.
Diesel Particulate Control. Application of an Activated Particulate Trap in Combination with Fuel Additives at an Ultra Low Dose Rate (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In laboratory engine tests, a combination of platinum and cerium fuel additives with a platinum activated wall flow monolithic filter has been shown to be especially effective in the control of diesel particulate. Continuous regeneration of a filter can be achieved at temperatures of 600 K using 5 ppm of cerium and 0.5 ppm of platinum in EN590 fuel containing 500 ppm (wt) of sulfur.</div>
Cortical and Subcapsular Cataracts: Significance of Physical Forces (2005)

Cortical cataracts usually begin with either sharp limited clear fluid clefts, resulting in opaque spokes, or clear lamellar separations, resulting in cuneiform opacities. They do not commence prior to 45 years of age. From this age on an increase in lens nuclei hardening can be detected. Therefore, during disaccommodation in older lenses, mechanical shear stresses must develop between the soft remaining cortices and the harder nuclei. These shear stresses are significant regarding the different cortical ruptures in predisposed lenses: in a privileged radial direction (according to zonular traction) of the sharp limited cortical spokes, or in parallel microridges at the commencement of lamellar separations, as observed when a rubber surface slides against a harder object. In pure cortical cataracts the ion pump (K+ > Na+) and investigated metabolic parameters remain largely intact. Therefore, it is not surprising that, in contrast to subcapsular cataracts, subcapsular opacities do not occur. Subcapsular cataracts are known to be caused by a variety of factors: aging, diabetes, corticosteroids, iridocyclitis, or X-ray, among many others. In contrast to cortical cataracts, subcapsular cataracts were found to be closely associated with ion pump damage (Na+ > K+) and a variety of metabolic activity alterations. In subcapsular cataracts passive fluids (from the vitreous and camera anterior) enter externally through the lens capsule. This initially forms numerous free clear, secondary grey, subcapsular fluid vacuoles. If the ion pump (metabolic barrier) is more severely damaged fluids may also enter the lens nucleus (secondary grey nuclear cataract), which rarely results in intumescent cataract. In cortical and subcapsular cataracts and lens perforations the main cause of grey opalescence appears to be the result of lens proteins (water-soluble crystalline) coming into direct contact with free fluids (water). In cortical cataracts this happens in the area of sharp limited mechanical cortical ruptures (fluid clefts), and in subcapsular cataracts during passive, external fluid entry, resulting in subcapsular fluid vacuoles and opacities, and also later grey-white nuclear opacities. The importance of water contact with water-soluble lens crystallines in behalf of light scattering and turbidness also has been investigated experimentally.
The Leakage Characteristics of Liposome-Encapsulated Adriamycin-Dextran Conjugates (1988)

The leakage characteristics of liposome- encapsulated adriamycin-dextran conjugates was investigated. The results of in vitro studies indicate that the leakage of adriamycin-dextran TI0 conjugate and adriamycin from liposomes was a diffusion process. The results of in vivo studies show that the half-life of plasma clearance of adriamycin-dextran conjugates was greatly enhanced. The larger molecular size of the encapsulated drugs caused a slower half-life of clearance.This probably resulted from a slower rate of diffusion.
Allenes. Part 39. The synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-aminopyrazoles and 3H-indoles from allenic or acetylenic nitriles (1981)

Hydrazine adds to allenic or acetylenic nitriles to give 3-alkyl-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles in excellent yields. Conjugated and unconjugated enaminic nitriles may be isolated from the Michael addition of phenylhydrazine to allenic nitriles and ring-closed to give 3-alkyl-5-amino-N-phenylpyrazoles and 3H-indoles.
Solution-growth of ultra-thin, insulating layers of zirconia for passivation and tunnel junction fabrication on YBCO thin films (2003)

Planar tunnel junctions fabricated with multilayers of solution-deposited zirconia as the insulating tunnel barrier on [001]- and [103]-oriented Y/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) thin films display tunneling spectra with features as sharp, or sharper, than any planar tunneling spectra reported for YBCO to date. The multilayers of zirconia are deposited onto the thin film surfaces by repeated reaction with tetra-n-propyl orthozirconate in hydrocarbon solution followed by reaction with water in n-propanol solution at ambient temperature. Gap-like peaks are observed for all thin-film orientations, and well-defined zero-bias conductance dips and zero-bias peaks are observed for [001]- and [103]-YBCO surfaces, respectively. Junctions exhibiting the sharpest features do not show field-induced nor spontaneous splittings, consistent with what is predicted for a narrow tunneling cone. The zirconia multilayers appear to stabilize YBCO surfaces with respect to atmospheric degradation, and tunnel junctions fabricated from aged samples of zirconia on YBCO that had been stored for one year at ambient temperature display conductance characteristics comparable to those obtained from freshly prepared samples.
Alias analysis for Java with reference-set representation (2002)

Proposes a flow-sensitive, context-insensitive alias analysis in Java that is more efficient and precise than previous analyses in C++. For this, we propose a reference-set alias representation and we present the propagation rules for this representation. For the type determination, the type table is built with reference variables and with all possible types of those variables. We propose an algorithm in a popular iterative loop method with a structural traversal of a context-free grammar. Finally, we show that our reference-set representation has better performance for the alias analysis algorithm than the existing object-pair representation does.
A high side current sensing circuit with high PSRR based on BCD process (2011)

This paper describes an instrumentation amplifier for bidirectional high-side current sensing applications. It uses an advanced high-voltage process to design. To achieve high power supply voltage, the circuit adds a current source under the amplifier. So the circuit has a wide power supply voltage range from 4V–40V, and the input common-mode voltage of the amplifier also can go beyond its supply rail. The bipolar transistors as the input stages devices reduce the offset voltage. The amplifier uses the folded-casecode structure to increase the slew rate. Finally, the design has passed by the high-voltage BCD simulation library.
Head turn scaling below the threshold of perception in immersive virtual environments (2016)

Immersive virtual environments allow to experience presence, the feeling of being present in a virtual environment. When accessing virtual reality with virtual reality goggles, head tracking is used to update the virtual viewpoint according to the user's head movement. While typically used unmodified, the extent to which the virtual viewpoint follows the real head motion can be scaled. In this paper, the effect of scaling below the threshold of perception on presence during a target acquisition task was studied. It was assumed, that presence is reduced when head motion is scaled. No effect on presence, simulator sickness and performance was found. A significant effect on physical task load was found. The results yield information for further work and for the required verification of the used concept of presence. It can be assumed, that load can be modified by the scaling without significantly influencing the quality of presence.
Communication architecture based on intelligent autonomous vehicles for container terminals (2012)

Automated container terminal is one of the most important confined areas that have attracted extensive research interests over last decade. To improve productivity, as well as enhance operational efficiency of a sea port, automated container terminals must play an important role in global cargo transportation by saving energy consumption, reducing the service cost and increasing the cargo throughput. To achieve these requirements, the development of reliable heterogeneous communication system among all communicating objects such as Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (IAV), Confined Base Station (CBS) and RFID-based container that communicate inside container terminals, becomes a paramount objective. This communication system has specific challenges comparing to classical vehicular communication systems ones by emphasizing mainly on IAV-to-IAV, IAV-to-CBS and IAV-to- RFID-based container communications. Our aim in this paper is to introduce the IAV architecture dealing with IAVs based communication system, and then present candidate communication technologies for port container terminals. Further discussions about challenging issues will also be provided.
Sulfur/Carbon Nanotube Composite Film as a Flexible Cathode for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2013)

A flexible composite film composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and sulfur as the cathode for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is prepared by coating an ultrathin sulfur nanolayer on a preprepared CNT film through a simple two-step heating process. The sulfur–CNT composite film with an areal density of ∼5 mg cm–2 has a high sulfur content of 65 wt % and is tough enough to be directly employed as the cathode in Li–S cells without binders, conductive additives, and current collectors. The porous and film-like CNT matrices enormously improve the electrical conductivity of sulfur and offer 3D pathways for fast Li ion diffusion, while the strong covalent bonds formed between sulfur and CNTs ensure the stability of sulfur during charge/discharge. Consequently, the film electrode delivers an initial capacity of 1100 mA h g–1 and can retain a reversible capacity of 740 mA h g–1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 0.1 C. It also shows good rate capability that a reversible capacity of 520 mA h g–1 can be reached at the rate of 2 C. Moreover, the high sulfur content gives rise to a high energy density of ∼1200 W h kg–1 based on the total mass of the electrode.
Classification of Defects on Semiconductor Wafers Using Priority Rules (2004)

This paper presents a template-based vision system to detect and classify the nonuniformaties that appear on the semiconductor wafer surfaces. Design goals include detection of flaws and correlation of defect features based on semiconductor industry expert’s knowledge. The die pattern is generated and kept as the reference beforehand from the experts in the semiconductor industry. The system is capable of identifying the defects on the wafers after die sawing. Each unique defect structure is defined as an object. Objects are grouped into user-defined categories such as chipping, metallization peel off, silicon dust contamination, etc., after die sawing and micro-crack, scratch, ink dot being washed off, bridging, etc., from the wafer. This paper also describes the vision system in terms of its hardware modules, as well as the image processing algorithms utilized to perform the functions.