gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Five-co-ordination with ‘hybrid’ ligands. Part VII. Cobalt(<scp>II</scp>) and nickel(<scp>II</scp>) complexes with asymmetric tripod ligands having N<sub>2</sub>OP, N<sub>2</sub>SP, and NOAs<sub>2</sub>donor sets (1971)

The asymmetric ‘tripod’ ligands N-[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N′N′- diethylthylenediamine (I; donor set N2OP) and N-[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl)-N-[2-(methylthio)ethyl]-N′N′-diethylethylenediamine (II; donor set N2SP) form cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with general formula [MLX]BPh4(X = halogen or NCS). The cobalt(II) complexes are high-spin and five-co-ordinate, probably trigonal bipyramidal, both in the solid state and in solution. The [NiLX]BPh4 complexes with L =(I), X = l or NCS are low-spin and probably five-co-ordinate in the solid state with a distorted square-pyramidal stereochemistry. All the other nickel complexes are thought to have a square-planar structure with the ligand L being terdentate with an NNP donor set. The complex [Ni(NOAs2)l]BPh4 derived from the ligand NN-bis-(2-diphenylarsinoethyl)-2-methoxyethylamine (III; donor set NOAs2) is accorded a five-co-ordinate, ‘elongated’ square-pyramidal structure.
Direct quantitative digital autoradiography-thin-layer chromatography of 3 alpha,3 beta- and 5 alpha-reduced and 17 beta-dehydrogenated androgens derived from testosterone metabolism. (1991)

A digital autoradiographic-thin-layer chromatographic method involving simple steps is described for thorough separation of eight major androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, epiandrosterone, androstanedione, 3 alpha-androstanediol and 3 beta-androstanediol) derived from testosterone metabolism. Their direct quantification is performed by radioscanning, which avoids tedious plate-scraping and liquid scintillation counting. Satisfactory accuracy is obtained by both external standardization of plates by calibrated amounts of radiolabelled standard steroids and internal standardization of bioassays by radiolabelled squalane. Coefficients of variation are below 8.5% in the range 100-500 dpm. Some analytical criteria related to chromatographic conditions and quantification parameters depending on position-sensitive proportional counter are discussed.
Techniques for improving overlay accuracy by using device correlated metrology targets as reference (2014)

The performance of overlay metrology as total measurement uncertainty, design rule compatibility, device correlation, and measurement accuracy has been challenged at the 2× nm node and below. The process impact on overlay metrology is becoming critical, and techniques to improve measurement accuracy become increasingly important. We present a methodology for improving the overlay accuracy. A propriety quality metric, Qmerit, is used to identify overlay metrology measurement settings with the least process impacts and reliable accuracies. Using the quality metric, a calibration method, Archer self-calibration, is then used to remove the inaccuracies. Accuracy validation can be achieved by correlation to reference overlay data from another independent metrology source such as critical dimension–scanning electron microscopy data collected on a device correlated metrology hybrid target or by electrical testing. Additionally, reference metrology can also be used to verify which measurement conditions are the most accurate. We provide an example of such a case.
Clar's Aromatic Sextet Theory Revisited via Molecular Electrostatic Potential Topography (1999)

Full characterization of the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topography of the π-regions of 12 polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) is carried out. Benzene is endowed with the most perfect circular distribution of π-delocalization, and the hexagonal rings of other systems possess varying degrees of lesser π-delocalization. The topographical features describe Clar's aromatic sextet theory very well and simplify the aromatic characterization of each ring of a PBH system. The concepts such as “aromatic dilution” observed for polyacene series and the “empty ring” in triphenylene, perylene, and coronene are clearly brought out from this study. The positions of (3, +3) critical points (CPs) are always observed very close to shorter bonds, providing valuable hints at how the π-electrons are shared among the carbons. Further, average values of the MESP at CPs calculated for each ring ( ) and for the whole molecule ( ) bear linear correlation with the local aromaticity values estimated by Li and Jiang and the hardness values reported by Zhou and Parr for the global aromaticity, respectively. Thus the mapping of the MESP topography provides an elaborate characterization of the π-regions of PBH systems and a description of the intimately connected aromaticity.
Reaction mechanism studies. 5. The mechanism of the diaxial → diequatorial rearrangement of β-chlorothioethers (1968)

p-Methoxy- and p-nitro substituted analogues (1b and 1c) of the diaxial β-chlorothioether 2β-chloro-3α-(phenylthio)-5α-cholestane (1a), have been prepared and found to undergo the diaxial → diequatorial rearrangement. The rates of rearrangement of these compounds show the sequence p-methoxy > H > p-nitro. It is concluded that the transition state for the rearrangement is polarized in the sense of a sulfonium chloride (3). The rearrangement of 1a is 1600 times faster in butanol than in decalin (at 110°). There is thus no inherent insensitivity to solvent change in a rearrangement in which there may be a "four-atom arrangement" in the transition state, a conclusion relevant to previous work on the diaxial → diequatorial rearrangement of 1,2-dibromides (1). It was further found that the nitro group slowed the rearrangement (at 110°) more in butanol than in decalin, an observation regarded as consistent with, but not requiring, the incursion of a merged ion-pair, cyclic concerted mechanism.
Laser-based inspection of cutting tools for advanced manufacturing systems (1995)

Describes laser-based inspection techniques which should help to reduce the incidence of damaged cutting tools going undetected. This is of direct relevance to both tool manufacturers and users since in both cases the likelihood of rework or scrap is reduced with consequent savings in manufacturing costs. The next phase of the work is to build and test suitably robust systems for use in industrial environments.
Antitumor Effects of Pronase-Treated Fragments, Glycopeptides, from Ovomucin in Hen Egg White in a Double Grafted Tumor System (1998)

Antitumor effects of fragments (220 and 120 kDa, highly glycosylated peptides) separated from Pronase-treated hen egg white ovomucin were analyzed in a double grafted tumor system. BALB/c mice received simultaneous inoculations of Meth-A fibrosarcoma cells on the right flank (1 × 106 cells) and left flank (2 × 105 cells) on day 0. The two fragments (100 μg/mouse/day) were injected into the right tumor on days 3, 4, and 5, and mice were raised for 21 days. Both fragments cured directly and entirely the right (treated) tumor and inhibited indirectly and slightly the growth of the left (distant) one. Examinations of desialylated 120 kDa fragment indicated that the sialic acid residues in the 120 kDa fragment are not necessarily essential for direct antitumor activity but might be indispensable for regression of distant tumors. The noninhibitory activities in a single tumor system, in which mice received intradermal inoculation of tumor cells only in the left flank, and the increase of immunosuppressive acid protein in serum suggested the slight activation of the immune system. Keywords: Ovomucin; antitumor effect; glycopeptide
Accelerated Aging and Nucleolar Fragmentation in Yeast <i>sgs1</i> Mutants (1997)

The SGS1 gene of yeast encodes a DNA helicase with homology to the human WRN gene. Mutations in WRN result in Werner's syndrome, a disease with symptoms resembling premature aging. Mutation of SGS1 is shown to cause premature aging in yeast mother cells on the basis of a shortened life-span and the aging-induced phenotypes of sterility and redistribution of the Sir3 silencing protein from telomeres to the nucleolus. Further, in old sgs1 cells the nucleolus is enlarged and fragmented-changes that also occur in old wild-type cells. These findings suggest a conserved mechanism of cellular aging that may be related to nucleolar structure.
The Identification of Drugs of Abuse in Urine Using Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (1980)

Abstract A rapid, isocratic HPLC procedure for the identification of drugs of abuse in urine is described. The procedure utilizes a reverse phase μC18 column, a methanol/water mobile phase, buffered to pH 7.5, and a UV detector operating at 254 nm. Using indole as an external standard, 13 common drugs of abuse can be differentiated in less than 15 minutes. Nine different drugs of abuse were identified in actual drug screen urine samples, confirming TLC results. Reproducibility and quantitative capabilities of this method were also demonstrated. Due to apparent interferences from drug metabolites this method must at present be used in conjunction with another established method such as TLC or GC for positive drug identification.
Towards large-scale, open-domain and ontology-based named entity classification (2005)

Named entity recognition and classification research has so far mainly focused on supervised techniques and has typically considered only small sets of classes with regard to which to classify the recognized entities.
A Novel Multiply Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Identification of Variant papG Genes Encoding the Gal( 1-4)Gal-Binding PapG Adhesins of Escherichia coli (1996)

A more convenient assay is needed for the three recognized allelic variants of papG, which encode the Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal-binding adhesin molecules of P fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The development and validation of a novel multiply primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is described. The assay was 100% sensitive and specific for the three papG variants, whether present individually or in any combination. PCR products specific for the "class I" (papGJ96), "class II" (papGIA2), and "class III" (prsGJ96) alleles of papG could be resolved by size in the same lane using agarose gel electrophoresis after simultaneous amplification in a single tube by multiply primed PCR. This new papG PCR assay should aid future molecular epidemiologic studies that assess the contribution of the three variants of papG to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection.
Nature of the 2.8 eV photoluminescence band in Mg doped GaN (1998)

The blue Mg induced 2.8 eV photoluminescence (PL) band in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN has been studied in a large number of samples with varying Mg content. It emerges near a Mg concentration of 1×1019 cm−3 and at higher concentrations dominates the room temperature PL spectrum. The excitation power dependence of the 2.8 eV band provides convincing evidence for its donor–acceptor (D–A) pair recombination character. It is suggested that the acceptor A is isolated MgGa while the spatially separated, deep donor (430 meV) D is attributed to a nearest-neighbor associate of a MgGa acceptor with a nitrogen vacancy, formed by self-compensation.
Si MOSFET Fabrication Using Focused Ion Beams (1984)

Submicrometer focused ion beams have been used both for the maskless ion implantation of p-channel depletion-mode Si MOSFETs and for the gate lithography of n-channel enhancement-mode Si MOSFETs. B-Pt and Au-Si liquid-metal-alloy ion sources were utilized in a single-lens focusing column for the implantation and lithography steps, respectively. An 800-A-thick Al stopping layer was used at the target to separate the lighter ions from the heavier ion species in the beams. Reasonable dc electrical characteristics were measured for the chosen device process parameters.
Edge preservation in volume rendering using splatting (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Edge preservation in volume rendering using splatting Authors: Jian Huang Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State UniversityView Profile , Roger Crawfis Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State UniversityView Profile , Don Stredney Ohio Supercomputing Center Ohio Supercomputing CenterView Profile Authors Info & Claims VVS '98: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE symposium on Volume visualizationOctober 1998Pages 63–69https://doi.org/10.1145/288126.288158Published:01 October 1998Publication History 4citation266DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads266Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase D1, a Potential Regulator and Effector for Tec Family Kinases (2000)

Etk, also named Bmx, is a member of the Tec tyrosine kinase family, which is characterized by a multimodular structure including a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, and a catalytic domain. The signaling mechanisms regulating Etk kinase activity remain largely unknown. To identify factor(s) regulating Etk activity, we used the PH domain and a linker region of Etk as a bait for a yeast two-hybrid screen. Three independent clones encoding protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1 (PTPD1) fragments were isolated. The binding of PTPD1 to Etk is specific since PTPD1 cannot associate with either the Akt PH domain or lamin. In vitro and in vivo binding studies demonstrated that PTPD1 can interact with Etk and that residues 726-848 of PTPD1 are essential for this interaction. Deletion analysis of Etk indicated that the PH domain is essential for PTPD1 interaction. Furthermore, the Etk-PTPD1 interaction stimulated the kinase activity of Etk, resulting in an increased phosphotyrosine content in both factors. The Etk-PTPD1 interaction also increased Stat3 activation. The effect of PTPD1 on Etk activation is specific since PTPD1 cannot potentiate Jak2 activity upon Stat3 activation. In addition, Tec (but not Btk) kinase can also be activated by PTPD1. Taken together, these findings indicate that PTPD1 can selectively associate with and stimulate Tec family kinases and modulate Stat3 activation.
A randomized pilot phase I study of modified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) peptide (CAP1-6D)/montanide/GM-CSF-vaccine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00203892.
Immunologic Detection and Measurement of Hypochlorite-Modified LDL With Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (1995)

Oxidation of LDL is thought to contribute to the early stages of atherogenesis. Because myeloperoxidase is present in atherosclerotic lesions and can produce the strong oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which converts LDL into its high-uptake atherogenic form in vitro, we raised polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against HOCl-modified LDL (HOCl-LDL). Characterization of the polyclonal anti-human HOCl-LDL Abs showed that they cross-reacted strongly with 4-hydroxynonenal-, malondialdehyde-, and Cu(2+)-oxidized LDL. Similarly, polyclonal and some monoclonal Abs against aldehyde- and Cu(2+)-modified LDL cross-reacted with HOCl-LDL. In contrast to the polyclonal Abs, two selected hybridoma cell line supernatants containing MoAbs raised against HOCl-LDL (MoAb-A and MoAb-B) did not cross-react with either native LDL or aldehyde- or Cu(2+)-modified LDL. MoAb-A (clone 1B10A11, subtype IgG1 kappa) recognized an epitope that appeared to be specific for HOCl-LDL and depended on the tertiary structure of the (lipo)protein, as judged by a lack of cross-reactivity with HOCl-modified human and bovine serum albumin and a loss of reactivity associated with lipoprotein denaturation. MoAb-B (clone 2D10G9, subtype IgG2b kappa), on the other hand, gave identical titration curves with HOCl-LDL and HOCl-modified albumins, suggesting that this antibody recognized epitopes that are commonly generated on proteins that have been oxidized with HOCl. Thus, MoAb-A and MoAb-B may be useful tools for the investigation of a possible role for HOCl-mediated damage to (lipo)proteins in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2017)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has emerged a major challenge because of it prevalence, difficulties in diagnosis, complex pathogenesis, and lack of approved therapies. As the burden of hepatitis C abates over the next decade, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease will become the major form of chronic liver disease in adults and children and could become the leading indication for liver transplantation. This overview briefly summarizes the most recent data on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Ongoing clinical trials are focused on an array of disease mechanisms and reviewed here are how these treatments fit into the current paradigm of substrate overload lipotoxic liver injury. Many of the approaches are directed at downstream events such as inflammation, injury and fibrogenesis. Addressing more proximal processes such as dysfunctional satiety mechanisms and inappropriately parsimonious energy dissipation are potential therapeutic opportunities that if successfully understood and exploited would not only address fatty liver disease but also the other components of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia.
The Role of Positively Charged Amino Acids in ATP Recognition by Human P2X1 Receptors (2000)

P2X receptors for ATP are a family of ligand-gated cation channels. There are 11 conserved positive charges in the extracellular loop of P2X receptors. We have generated point mutants of these conserved residues (either Lys --> Arg, Lys --> Ala, Arg --> Lys, or Arg --> Ala) in the human P2X(1) receptor to determine their contribution to the binding of negatively charged ATP. ATP evoked concentration-dependent (EC(50) approximately 0.8 microm) desensitizing responses at wild-type (WT) P2X(1) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Suramin produced a parallel rightward shift in the concentration response curve with an estimated pK(B) of 6.7. Substitution of amino acids at positions Lys-53, Lys-190, Lys-215, Lys-325, Arg-202, Arg-305, and Arg-314 either had no effect or only a small change in ATP potency, time course, and/or suramin sensitivity. Modest changes in ATP potency were observed for mutants at K70R and R292K/A (20- and 100-fold decrease, respectively). Mutations at residues K68A and K309A reduced the potency of ATP by >1400-fold and prolonged the time course of the P2X(1) receptor current but had no effect on suramin antagonism. Lys-68, Lys-70, Arg-292, and Lys-309 are close to the predicted transmembrane domains of the receptor and suggest that the ATP binding pocket may form close to the channel vestibule.
Array Biosensor for Toxin Detection: Continued Advances (2008)

The following review focuses on progress made in the last five years with the NRL Array Biosensor, a portable instrument for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Since 2003, the Array Biosensor has been automated and miniaturized for operation at the point-of-use. The Array Biosensor has also been used to demonstrate (1) quantitative immunoassays against an expanded number of toxins and toxin indicators in food and clinical fluids, and (2) the efficacy of semi-selective molecules as alternative recognition moieties. Blind trials, with unknown samples in a variety of matrices, have demonstrated the versatility, sensitivity, and reliability of the automated system.
Ecology and Evolution as Targets: the Need for Novel Eco-Evo Drugs and Strategies To Fight Antibiotic Resistance (2011)

In recent years, the explosive spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among pathogenic, commensal, and environmental bacteria has reached a global dimension. Classical measures trying to contain or slow locally the progress of antibiotic resistance in patients on the basis of better antibiotic prescribing policies have clearly become insufficient at the global level. Urgent measures are needed to directly confront the processes influencing antibiotic resistance pollution in the microbiosphere. Recent interdisciplinary research indicates that new eco-evo drugs and strategies, which take ecology and evolution into account, have a promising role in resistance prevention, decontamination, and the eventual restoration of antibiotic susceptibility. This minireview summarizes what is known and what should be further investigated to find drugs and strategies aiming to counteract the "four P's," penetration, promiscuity, plasticity, and persistence of rapidly spreading bacterial clones, mobile genetic elements, or resistance genes. The term "drug" is used in this eco-evo perspective as a tool to fight resistance that is able to prevent, cure, or decrease potential damage caused by antibiotic resistance, not necessarily only at the individual level (the patient) but also at the ecological and evolutionary levels. This view offers a wealth of research opportunities for science and technology and also represents a large adaptive challenge for regulatory agencies and public health officers. Eco-evo drugs and interventions constitute a new avenue for research that might influence not only antibiotic resistance but the maintenance of a healthy interaction between humans and microbial systems in a rapidly changing biosphere.
Six Learning Barriers in End-User Programming Systems (2004)

As programming skills increase in demand and utility, the learnability of end-user programming systems is of utmost importance. However, research on learning barriers in programming systems has primarily focused on languages, overlooking potential barriers in the environment and accompanying libraries. To address this, a study of beginning programmers learning Visual Basic.NET was performed. This identified six types of barriers: design, selection, coordination, use, understanding, and information. These barriers inspire a new metaphor of computation, which provides a more learner-centric view of programming system design.
C<i>u</i>/Z<i>n</i> superoxide dismutase plays a role in angiogenesis (2001)

Endothelial cells produce oxygen radicals spontaneously and this process is augmented by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) is an important enzyme in cellular oxygen metabolism. To determine whether alterations in SOD-1 activity affect angiogenesis we used transgenic SOD-1 (Tg-SOD) mice with elevated level of SOD-1. Angiogenesis induced subcutaneously by bFGF in Tg-SOD mice was 3-fold higher than in control non-transgenic (ntg) mice. Oral administration of disulfiram (DSF), an inhibitor of SOD-1, inhibited angiogenesis in Tg-SOD mice as well as in CD1 nude mice. Effects of DSF on cultured cells were also tested. Application of DSF to cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells caused inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis. These effects were prevented by addition of antioxidants, further indicating involvement of reactive oxygen species. DSF also reduced the level of glutathione and the production of H(2)O(2) in BCE cells. Moreover, PC12-SOD cells with elevated SOD-1 were less sensitive to DSF treatment then control cells. These data indicate that the effects of DSF are mediated by inhibition of SOD-1 activity. Tumor development is known to largely depend on angiogenesis. We found that oral administration of DSF to mice caused significant inhibition of C6 glioma tumor development and marked reduction (by 10-19-fold) in metastatic growth of Lewis lung carcinoma. The data suggest a role for SOD-1 in angiogenesis, establish DSF as a potential inhibitor of angiogenesis and raise the possibility that attenuating SOD-1 activity may be important in treatment of angiogenesis-dependent pathologies.