gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified with extracellular superoxide dismutase improves survival in irradiated mice (2009)

Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified with extracellular superoxide dismutase improves survival in irradiated mice
Interpreting Pressure and Flow Rate Data from Permanent Downhole Gauges Using Data Mining Approaches (2011)

Abstract The Permanent Downhole Gauge (PDG) is a promising tool for reservoir testing, but has yet to reach its full potential. Generally, conventional well testing methods are most able to utilize small sections of constant flow rate data. However, data mining, a newly developed technique in computer science, is a tool that can reveal the relationship among variables from large volumes of data. The application of data mining algorithms to synthetic and field data has been successful in extracting the reservoir model from variable flow rate and pressure transient data. The application is conducted in two steps. As a first step, the pressure and flow rate data from the PDG are used to train a nonparametric data mining algorithm. The reservoir model is obtained implicitly in the form of polynomials in a highdimensional Hilbert space when the algorithm converges after being trained to the data. In the second step, a constant flow rate input is fed into the data mining algorithm. The data mining algorithm will make a pressure prediction subject to the input flow rate. As the data mining algorithm has already obtained the reservoir model, the pressure prediction is expected to be the reservoir response given the constant flow rate. Therefore, the proposed constant flow rate and the predicted pressure are the reservoir model underlying the variable PDG data. Noisy synthetic data and the real field data were used to test this approach. The method was able to recover the reservoir model successfully. Even at the extreme cases when the flow rate data are very noisy and changing frequently, and in the absence of any shut-ins, the method was still able to extract the reservoir models.
An Event-Triggered Programmable Prefetcher for Irregular Workloads (2018)

Many modern workloads compute on large amounts of data, often with irregular memory accesses. Current architectures perform poorly for these workloads, as existing prefetching techniques cannot capture the memory access patterns; these applications end up heavily memory-bound as a result. Although a number of techniques exist to explicitly configure a prefetcher with traversal patterns, gaining significant speedups, they do not generalise beyond their target data structures. Instead, we propose an event-triggered programmable prefetcher combining the flexibility of a general-purpose computational unit with an event-based programming model, along with compiler techniques to automatically generate events from the original source code with annotations. This allows more complex fetching decisions to be made, without needing to stall when intermediate results are required. Using our programmable prefetching system, combined with small prefetch kernels extracted from applications, we achieve an average 3.0x speedup in simulation for a variety of graph, database and HPC workloads.
Methods for Molecular Nanoanalysis (2006)

This contribution reviews methods based on scanning probe microscopy for molecular analysis and identification on a length scale of 20–200 nm. Aperture scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) was initially developed in our group for chemical analysis and imaging using fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies, with a resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. In recent years, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was developed into an analytical tool capable of a spatial resolution less than 50 nm and, using the 'gap' mode of operation, the promise for single molecule sensitivity and even higher spatial resolution. Aperture SNOM with pulsed laser irradiation can be used for nanoscale laser ablation. With an interface to a very sensitive mass spectrometer, this provides a platform for nanoscale mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure sampling. The preparation of fiber tips for aperture SNOM as well as metallized a FM tips and etched metal wires for aperture less SNOM applications is reviewed. Finally, applications for the chemical analysis of thin molecular films and of biological samples are presented.
A tool supporting the re-design of legacy applications (2002)

A tool prototype is presented supporting the redesign of existing legacy applications written in COBOL. The prototype is under development in a project with two German companies. The topic of this project is the redesign of existing applications with the aim to migrate parts of legacy applications into a distributed environment. The regarded systems are associated to the domain of business administration software. Existing applications in this domain are often running on a mainframe and users communicate with the application by character oriented terminals. To migrate parts of existing legacy applications into a distributed environment connected by middleware (like products conforming to the CORBA Standard) the structure of many applications must be reengineered because of the lack of interfaces which could act as cutting lines for the parts to separate. As a first step of a migration process we have to reverse engineer an application to get a description on a higher level of abstraction than the source code. The acquired information is stored in form of graphs (call graphs, control flow graphs etc.). The necessary structural changes are performed on the reverse engineering graphs with the help of graph rewriting rules. The transformations on the graphs are connected with source code transformations to couple changes on the abstract graph level with changes on the concrete source code level.
Handover Latency Measurement using Variant of Capwap Protocol (2011)

The wireless LAN has become increasingly more popular over the past few years. Applications such as audio, video and voice have become important to users in a network environment. As the need for these real-time applications has increased, the handover latency during the movement of the mobile node (MN) has become crucial. A large number of wireless access points require a centralized architecture to manage, control and troubleshoot. The Control and Provision of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocol designed by IETF allows Wireless Termination Points (WTP) to be managed centrally by an access controller (AC). This paper briefly describes the CAPWAP architecture and proposes a network setup in which the handover latency is reduced during the movement of mobile node. In particular, it shows if a Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel is produced between the access controllers, the Layer 3 handover latency is reduced. Results are obtained by implementing the Protocol in a test bed for Layer 2 and Layer 3 roaming for data and real-time video streaming.
Automatic identification of tissue interfaces (2003)

A method for automatic identification of tissue interfaces from medical images has been developed and tested. The spatial gradient vector is constructed and expressed as a function G( nu ) of tissue density. The relative maxima of G identify ranges of gray levels corresponding to tissue interfaces. These density ranges are then assigned full opacity and shaded. Examples of CT (computed tomography) and MR (magnetic resonance) scans demonstrate that the resulting visualization maintains all the advantages of the volume-rendering technique while eliminating the task of tissue classification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Seed Treatment Using Pre-infiltration and Biocontrol Agents to Reduce Damping-off of Corn Caused by Species of <i>Pythium</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> (1998)

Bioassays were conducted in a greenhouse at 18°C to determine the effectiveness of a seed treatment used in combination with biocontrol agents for the reduction of corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium. Corn seeds were infiltrated with tap water, drained, air-dried, and then coated with biomass of an antagonistic fungus, Gliocladium virens isolate Gl-3, or an antagonistic bacterium, Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B or Bc-1, or a combination of Gl-3 with each of the bacterial isolates. A nonsterile field soil was infested with a combination of pathogens: Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes, and Fusarium graminearum at 2 inoculum rates (1× and 4×). Pre-infiltration enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) disease control with most treatments at both inoculum rates. Treatments with biocontrol agents alone or in combination, as well as the fungicide captan, effectively reduced the disease at a pathogen inoculum rate of 1×, resulting in greater (P ≤ 0.05) seedling stands, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P ≤ 0.05) root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in infested soil. At a pathogen inoculum rate of 4×, stands were lower (P ≤ 0.01) and root-rot severity was higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to those at 1× for all treatments. Nevertheless, coating seeds with all biocontrol agents (alone or in combination), except with Bc-1 alone, reduced disease (P ≤ 0.05) compared to untreated seeds in infested soil. At both inoculum rates of 1× and 4×, coating seeds with Gl-3 + Bc-B was more effective (P ≤ 0.05) in disease control than any other treatment, resulting in stands, growth rate (plant height and fresh weight), and root rot severity similar to plants from untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In addition, when the exudate from a 2-h infiltration of corn seed was added to the seeds during seed coating, seedling stand was often lower and root rot severity was often higher than those from infiltrated seeds (P ≤ 0.05). These results indicated that the infiltration process removed certain exudates, including nutrients and/or stimulants (not detected in this study) that might be utilized by pathogens to initiate seed infection. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the exudates showed the presence of eight amino acids and three major carbohydrates.
Imaging of metabolites by using a fusion protein between a periplasmic binding protein and GFP derivatives: From a chimera to a view of reality (2002)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Formation of Au-Ge metastable phases by ion mixing (1982)

Amorphous and metastable crystalline phases in the Au-Ge system are formed by ion mixing of multilayered samples. Amorphous alloys are obtained for Ge composition ≧ 60 at%. They transform at room temperature into metastable crystalline phases within 2 to 3 days and eventually decompose into equilibrium Au and Ge within a week. Three metastable crystalline phases are observed. The hexagonal one appears to be a Hume-Rothery compound. An analogous phase exists also for Au-Si. Des phases amorphes et métastables ont été produites dans le système Au-Ge par mélange ionique d'échantillons à couches multiples. Des alliages amorphes ont été obtenus pour des compositions de Ge ≧ 60% at. IIs se transforment à temperature ambiante aprè 2 à 3 jours en phases cristallines metastables et se décomposent finalement après une semaine en Au et Ge à l'état d'équilibre. Trois phases cristallines metastables ont été observées. La phase hexagonale semble correspondre à un composé du type Hume-Rothery. Une phase analogue existe aussi pour Au-Si.
Trade Using One Commodity as a Means of Payment (1977)

A general model of noncooperative trading equilibrium is described in which prices depend in a natural way on the buying and selling decisions of the traders, avoiding the classical assumption that individuals must regard prices as fixed. The key to the approach is the use of a single, specified commodity as "cash," which may or may not have intrinsic value. The model, in several variants, is treated as a noncooperative game, in the spirit of Nash and Cournot. The rules of the game, including the price-forming mechanism, are independent of behavioral or equilibrium assumptions, which enter, instead, through the solutions of the game.
Optical evidence of the chiral magnetic anomaly in Weyl semimetal TaAs (2018)

Chiral pumping from optical electric fields oscillating at THz frequencies is observed in the Weyl material TaAs with electric and magnetic fields aligned along both the a- and c-axes. Free carrier spectral weight enhancement is measured directly for the first time, confirming theoretical expectations of chiral pumping. A departure from linear field-dependence of the Drude weight is observed at the highest fields in the quantum limit, providing direct evidence of field-dependent Fermi velocity of the chiral Landau level. Implications for the chiral magnetic effect in Weyl semimetals from the optical f-sum rule are discussed.
Biodiversity of the Mucosa-Associated Microbiota Is Stable Along the Distal Digestive Tract in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Ibd (2005)

These results confirm that the dominant species differ between the mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota. They also show that, in a given individual, the microbiota is relatively stable along the distal digestive tract, showing a slight evolution in dominant species diversity from the ileum to the rectum, in both healthy subjects and patients with IBD.
Protein‐sulfenic acid stabilization and function in enzyme catalysis and gene regulation (1993)

Sulfenic acids (R-SOH) result from the stoichiometric oxidations of thiols with mild oxidants such as H2O2; in solution, however, these derivatives accumulate only transiently due to rapid self-condensation reactions, further oxidations to the sulfinic and/or sulfonic acids, and reactions with nucleophiles such as R-SH. In contrast, oxidations of cysteinyl side chains in proteins, where disulfide bond formation can be prevented and where the reactivity of the nascent cysteine-sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH) can be controlled, have previously been shown to yield stable active-site Cys-SOH derivatives of papain and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. More recently, however, functional Cys-SOH residues have been identified in the native oxidized forms of the FAD-containing NADH peroxidase and NADH oxidase from Streptococcus faecalis; these two proteins constitute a new class within the flavoprotein disulfide reductase family. In addition, Cys-SOH derivatives have been suggested to play important roles in redox regulation of the DNA-binding activities of transcription factors such as Fos and Jun, OxyR, and bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 protein. Structural inferences for the stabilization of protein-sulfenic acids, drawn from the refined 2.16-A structure of the streptococcal NADH peroxidase, provide a molecular basis for understanding the proposed redox functions of these novel cofactors in both enzyme catalysis and transcriptional regulation.
Matter and motion (1876)

This primer on physics, written in 1877 by most eminent physicist of 19th century, is intended as a brief introduction to Newtonian mechanics for students and educated lay readers. Einstein described Maxwell's influence on scientific understanding of physical universe as the most profound and most fruitful that physics has experienced since time of Newton. Maxwell's ideas also laid groundwork for Max Planck's subsequent development of quantum hypothesis. Complete with many useful illustrations to clarify concepts discussed in text, this accessible work is well suited for history of science courses or as a still-relevant introduction to basic physics for average reader.
Performance analysis of dynamic OFDMA systems with inband signaling (2006)

Within the last decade, the orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme has become part of several standards for wireless systems. Today, OFDM is even a candidate for fourth-generation wireless systems. It is well known that dynamic OFDMA systems potentially increase the spectral efficiency. They exploit diversity effects in time, space, and frequency by assigning system resources periodically to terminals. Informing the terminals about new assignments creates a signaling overhead. Up to now, this overhead has not been taken into account in studies on dynamic orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing access (OFDMA) systems. Yet this is crucial for a realistic notion of the performance achieved by dynamic approaches. In this paper, we close this gap. We introduce two forms of representing the signaling information and discuss how these affect system performance. The study of the signaling impact on the performance is conducted for an exemplary dynamic approach. We find that the throughput behavior of dynamic OFDMA systems is significantly influenced by the signaling overhead. In many situations, neglecting the overhead leads to wrong performance conclusions. Also, the performance difference between dynamic and static schemes is now much more sensible to the specific parameter set of the transmission scenario (e.g., frame length, subcarrier number, etc.). This leads to the proposal of access points which should adapt certain system parameters in order to provide optimal performance.
Low cost and renewable sulfur-polymers by inverse vulcanisation, and their potential for mercury capture (2016)

Stable polymers of up to 80 wt% elemental sulfur are formed from low cost industrial by-products, and renewable crosslinkers.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Regulate the Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3, -4, and -5 in Large Vessel Endothelial Cells* (2000)

We investigated the effect of diabetes-associated growth factors on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in cultured endothelial cells from bovine aorta. Gene expression was measured by solution hybridization, and proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RIA, or Western blot. The cells expressed messenger RNA (mRNA) for IGFBP-2 through -6 and IGFBP-2 through -5 proteins were detected in conditioned medium. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibited IGFBP-3 mRNA (P < 0.01) and protein expression and increased IGFBP-5 mRNA (P < 0.001) and protein. Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibited IGFBP-3 (P < 0.01), IGFBP-4 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I mRNA expression, whereas at the protein level only IGFBP-3 was significantly decreased. IGF-I, insulin, or angiotensin II did not affect IGF-I or IGFBP mRNA expression. At the protein level, IGF-I clearly increased IGFBP-5 levels in conditioned medium. In conclusion, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 regulate IGFBP expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells. These observations provide a new aspect of regulation for the IGF-system in macrovascular endothelium, with possible implications for subendothelial smooth muscle cells and development of diabetic angiopathy.
Redox Properties of CeO<sub>2</sub> at Low Temperature: The Direct Synthesis of Imines from Alcohol and Amine (2014)

We disclosed the redox properties of CeO2 in organic reactions at low temperature of 303 K. CeO2 works as the most effective heterogeneous catalyst for imine formation from benzyl alcohol and aniline at 303 K among various metal oxides and showed more than 38-fold higher activity than other simple metal oxides. CeO2 is applicable to the reaction of various alcohols and amines and gives high yields (80-98%) and high selectivities (89->99%). Kinetic measurements, MS, and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the high activity of CeO2 is a result of reactive oxygen species at the redox sites on CeO2. This discovery can help to create a new field in metal oxide catalysis.
A Frequency-Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna Using Switchable Slotted Ground Structure (2012)

In this letter, a novel compact frequency-reconfigurable monopole antenna with five switchable states including an ultrawideband (UWB) state, three narrowband states, and a dual-band state is presented. The frequency-reconfigurable capability of the antenna is achieved by using a switchable slotted structure on the ground plane. The designed antenna has a simple structure and compact size of 40×40 mm . The antenna, which supports most applicable frequency bands above 2 GHz, can be used in multiradio wireless systems. Moreover, the proposed antenna, which has a combined UWB and narrowband functionality, has a good potential for use in cognitive radio.
In Our New Home at Last (1926)

the building is done and before you read this, we shall be moving in, bag and baggage. There'll be a regular exodus from Physics Building of Applied Art, Textiles and Clothing and Vocational Education; from "'Old Ag" of the Homemaker's Unit; from the annexes and studios (otherwise known as the "shacks") of Institutional, and an overflow group from Art and Clothing, and from ".Ag" Engineering Building of the Household Equipment-all moving home! We suspect that the kind neighbors who have so unselfishly housed us for so long will be quite as happy as we are.
Study of Association of CD40-CD154 Gene Polymorphisms with Disease Susceptibility and Cardiovascular Risk in Spanish Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (2012)

Data from our pilot study indicate a potential association of rs1883832 CD40 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to RA. Also, the CD40 rs1535045 gene variant may influence development of subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients.
Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Plasticized Vinyl Chloride Compositions (1950)

The temperature dependence of the dynamic mechanical and a.c. electrical properties of a given polyvinyl chloride plasticizer composition can be characterized by two quantities: (a) the transition temperature which is defined as the temperature of maximum dissipation factor and (b) the half-widths of the loss factor-temperature curve. A simple relationship exists between the transition temperature determined mechanically or electrically and the volume fraction of a compatible plasticizer. The modification of this relationship for non-compatible plasticizer has been indicated. The half-width is a function of the volume fraction of the plasticizer, although this relationship is not as simple as the one obtained for the transition temperature. A simple correlation exists between the electrical and mechanical half-width. The compliance measured in tensile creep has been found to be a function of the applied load and the compliance-load relationship varies depending on the region in which the material finds itself. The shape of the creep curve at different temperatures has been correlated with the dissipation factor-temperature curve. The shape of the stress-strain curve has been related to the modulus-temperature curve and a correlation between the initial Young's modulus and the ultimate elongation and breaking strength has been established. It has been shown that the relaxation theory is not sufficient to explain certain features of the modulus (or dissipation factor) temperature relationship. The limited significance of the μ-value and of the viscosity of plasticizers with respect to plasticizer efficiency has been demonstrated.
Growth of Thick GaN Films with High Growth Rate Using Sublimation Method under High Pressure (2004)

We found that the growth rate of GaN is much higher using the sublimation method under high pressure than under normal pressure. It seems that the high thermal decomposition temperature under high pressure suppresses the decomposition of the growing GaN film. A growth rate of 130 µm/h was achieved by optimizing the growth temperature and the ambient pressure. This growth rate is as high as that achieved through hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The GaN crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).