gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of stem cell populations in plants (2003)

Flowering plants have the unique ability to produce new organs continuously, for hundreds of years in some species, from stem cell populations maintained at their actively growing tips. The shoot tip is called the shoot apical meristem, and it acts as a self-renewing source of undifferentiated, pluripotent stem cells whose descendents become incorporated into organ and tissue primordia and acquire different fates. Stem cell maintenance is an active process, requiring constant communication between different regions of the shoot apical meristem to coordinate loss of stem cells from the meristem through differentiation with their replacement through cell division. Stem cell research in model plant systems is facilitated by the fact that mutants with altered meristem cell identity or accumulation are viable, allowing dissection of stem cell behavior by using genetic, molecular, and biochemical methods. Such studies have determined that in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana stem cell maintenance information flows via a signal transduction pathway that is established during embryogenesis and maintained throughout the life cycle. Signaling through this pathway results in the generation of a spatial feedback loop, involving both positive and negative interactions, that maintains stem cell homeostasis. Stem cell activity during reproductive development is terminated by a temporal feedback loop involving both stem cell maintenance genes and a phase-specific flower patterning gene. Our current investigations provide additional insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell activity in higher plants.
Salicylidene-thiolactone rearrangement. A direct synthesis of 4H-2-arylthieno[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-4-ones (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalicylidene-thiolactone rearrangement. A direct synthesis of 4H-2-arylthieno[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-4-onesNed D. Heindel, John A. Minatelli, and Diane HarrisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 8, 1465–1466Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00428a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00428a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure Analyses of Dodecylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Alkylation of nanotube salts prepared using either lithium, sodium, or potassium in liquid ammonia yields sidewall-functionalized nanotubes that are soluble in organic solvents. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies of dodecylated SWNTs prepared from HiPco nanotubes and 1-iodododecane show that extensive debundling results from intercalation of the alkali metal into the SWNT ropes. TGA-FTIR analyses of samples prepared from the different metals revealed radically different thermal behavior during detachment of the dodecyl groups. The SWNTs prepared using lithium can be converted into the pristine SWNTs at 180-330 degrees C, whereas the dodecylated SWNTs prepared using sodium require a much higher temperature (380-530 degrees C) for dealkylation. SWNTs prepared using potassium behave differently, leading to detachment of the alkyl groups over the temperature range 180-500 degrees C. These differences can be observed by analysis of the solid-state 13C NMR spectra of the dodecylated SWNTs that have been prepared using the different alkali metals and may indicate differences in the relative amounts of 1,2- and 1,4-addition of the alkyl groups.
Seizures and bupropion: a review. (1989)

The relationship between seizure occurrence and use of bupropion was examined on the basis of manufacturer's reports. The observed incidence of seizures with bupropion doses of 450 mg/day or less ranged from 0.35%-0.44%, depending on the method of calculation. The cumulative 2-year risk of seizures in patients receiving the maximum recommended dose of 450 mg/day or less was 0.48%. The risk of seizure appears to be higher with bupropion doses above the recommended maximum, and predisposing factors were noted in over half of the 37 reported cases. Possible risk factors are presented and recommendations are given for the use of bupropion.
Detection of transients using discrete wavelet transform (1992)

A scheme for the detection of transient signals with unknown waveforms and arrival times is presented. The detection is performed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain, where the presence of a transient is indicated by a peak at a location that depends on the values of the dilation and translation parameters. By choosing these parameters appropriately one can control the sharpness of this peak as well as the distance between different peaks that correspond to different arrival times. As a result, transients that partially overlap in time can be resolved in the DWT domain. The DWT domain preserves the arrival time information even when the transient is corrupted by additive zero-mean noise at a very low signal-to-noise ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
System approaches to power management (2003)

The performance demands of new systems are forcing new approaches to solving complex power management problems. Solutions will require a system approach where portions of the power management circuitry will exist in the form of traditional separate chips and portions will be literally embedded with the system chips themselves. This paper explores two such high performance systems, multi-GHz microprocessors and 3G cell phones. The power management needs of such systems and some innovative approaches to achieving the required performance are described.
Arbitration-based reliable distributed mutual exclusion for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (2013)

Distributed mutual exclusion enables critical resources to be shared amongst different mobile nodes in a Mobile Ad-hoc environment. In this paper, we place all nodes in a vicinity into regions. By suitably manipulating the behavior of arbitrator nodes, that form the bridge between two neighboring regions, we have ensured that permission is granted by every participating node, irrespective of the size of the network. We have used a single additional message, the HOLD message, to ensure that the DME correctness is achieved for both inter-region and intra-region communications. Fault tolerance arguments for the proposed algorithm are also presented. To our knowledge, this is the first distributed mutual exclusion algorithm that uses the notion of regions and fault tolerance in MANETs.
Functional analysis of the BMP9 response of ALK1 mutants from HHT2 patients: a diagnostic tool for novel ACVRL1 mutations (2010)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant genetically inheritable vascular dysplasia caused by mutations in genes encoding receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family: ENG, encoding endoglin (HHT1), and ACVRL1, encoding activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1; HHT2). Our recent discovery of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) as the specific ligand for ALK1 allowed us to reevaluate the functional significance of ACVRL1 mutations. We generated 19 ALK1 mutants reproducing HHT2 mutations (4 were novel mutations) found throughout the protein. We show that all ALK1 mutant proteins were expressed by transfected cells; most of them were present at the cell surface and retained their ability to bind BMP9 (except for the extracellular mutants). However, most were defective in BMP9 signaling. None of the ALK1 mutants had a dominant negative effect on wild-type ALK1 activity. These data demonstrate that mutations of ACVRL1 fit with a functional haploinsufficiency model affecting BMP9 signaling. Our study also identified 4 ACVRL1 mutations (D179A, R386C, R454W, and A482V) that did not alter the BMP9 responses that are polymorphisms and 2 novel mutations that are pathogenic (L381P and I485F). This demonstrates that the analysis of BMP9 responses can be used as a diagnostic tool by geneticists confronted with novel or conflicting ACVRL1 mutations.
On the encoding rate and discrete modulation adaptation design for MIMO links (2007)

It is well-known that MIMO links in slow fading channels can benefit significantly through rate and power adaptations when there is knowledge of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). However, practical MIMO transmitter can only support finite combinations of the channel encoding rates and modulation constellation levels due to the finite number of bits allocated in the control overhead (embedded in the packet transmission). In this paper, we shall address various practical MIMO adaptation design issues associated with discrete transmission modes. We propose a systematic design framework to address the MIMO adaptation design based on information theoretical framework. The design problem is cast into an optimization problem similar to the classical vector quantization problem with a modified distortion measure. As an illustration, we apply the design framework to a 2 times 2 MIMO link and compare the goodput performance with the optimal performance predicted by the theory. We found that the goodput performance of the MIMO link predicted by the theoretical framework matches the actual performance closely
<i>In Silico</i> Children and the Glass Mouse Model: Clinical Trial Simulations To Identify and Individualize Optimal Isoniazid Doses in Children with Tuberculosis (2010)

Children with tuberculosis present with high rates of disseminated disease and tuberculous (TB) meningitis due to poor cell-mediated immunity. Recommended isoniazid doses vary from 5 mg/kg/day to 15 mg/kg/day. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies have demonstrated that the ratio of the 0- to 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24)) to the MIC best explains isoniazid microbial kill. The AUC(0-24)/MIC ratio associated with 80% of maximal kill (80% effective concentration [EC(80)]), considered the optimal effect, is 287.2. Given the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid encountered in children 10 years old or younger, with infants as a special group, and given the differences in penetration of isoniazid into phagocytic cells, epithelial lining fluid, and subarachnoid space during TB meningitis, we performed 10,000 patient Monte Carlo simulations to determine how well isoniazid doses of between 2.5 and 40 mg/kg/day would achieve or exceed the EC(80). None of the doses examined achieved the EC(80) in ≥90% of children. Doses of 5 mg/kg were universally inferior; doses of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day were adequate only under the very limited circumstances of children who were slow acetylators and had disease limited to pneumonia. Each of the three disease syndromes, acetylation phenotype, and being an infant required different doses to achieve adequate AUC(0-24)/MIC exposures in an acceptable proportion of children. We conclude that current recommended doses for children are likely suboptimal and that isoniazid doses in children are best individualized based on disease process, age, and acetylation status.
Cryopreservation of marrow and stromal progenitor cells: use of long-term liquid culture as a measure of the recovery of renewable hematopoietic and stromal cells. (1983)

Long-term liquid culture was used to assess the broad functional integrity of murine bone marrow after cryopreservation. Cryopreserved and thawed marrow contained not only renewable hematopoietic stem cells, but also stromal progenitor cells capable of transferring the hematopoietic microenvironment to liquid culture. Long-term liquid culture may be a superior method of assessing the functional potential of cryopreserved marrow when compared to stem cell assays alone.
A novel plasma-based technique for conformal 3D FINFET doping (2012)

A novel plasma based conformal doping technique was developed in this work and process characterization was conducted for arsenic doping in terms of doping conformality, residual silicon fin damage, sheet resistance and effect of doping process parameters. Doping conformality, the ratio of doping at then fin sidewall and top, was characterized by cross-section transmission electron spectroscopy (XTEM) and through-fin secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) on fin structures. The residual post-anneal damage was also evaluated. Sheet resistance (Rs) was used for the matching to beam line implant. The effect of main doping process parameters on silicon fin amorphization was also studied.
The differential pair as a triangle-sine wave converter (1976)

The performance of a differential pair with emitter degeneration as a triangle-sine wave converter is analyzed. Equations describing the circuit operation are derived and solved both analytically and by computer. This allows selection of operating conditions for optimum performance such that total harmonic distortion as low as 0.2 percent has been measured.
Generation of phonons from electrostriction in small-core optical waveguides (2013)

We investigate the generation of acoustic phonons from electrostriction of optical waves in small core waveguides. We specifically consider simple step-index strip waveguides composed of silica or silicon in air, with sub-micron lateral dimensions. Such waveguidessupport one or a few optical modes, but a rich spectrum of acoustic phonons that becomes densely populated as the phonon frequency increases. We evaluate rigorously the phonon energy density that results from the electrostriction of two frequency detuned guided optical waves,that are either co- or contra-propagating, including phonon loss. Plotting this energy density as a function of frequency detuning reveals the phononwave packets that are electrostrictively active and gives a quantitative estimation of the energy transfer from optical waves to particular phonons. Furthermore, in the backward interaction geometry, the dispersion relation of such phonons can be accessed directly by varying the optical wavelength.
Competitive Adsorption of Furfural and Phenolic Compounds onto Activated Carbon in Fixed Bed Column (2007)

For a multicomponent competitive adsorption of furfural and phenolic compounds, a mathematical model was builtto describe the mass transfer kinetics in a fixed bed column with activated carbon. The effects of competitive adsorption equilibrium constant, axial dispersion, external mass transfer, and intraparticle diffusion resistance on the breakthrough curve were studied for weakly adsorbed compound (furfural) and strongly adsorbed compounds (parachlorophenol and phenol). Experiments were carried out to remove the furfural and phenolic compound from aqueous solution. The equilibrium data and intraparticle diffusion coefficients obtained from separate experiments in a batch adsorber, by fitting the experimental data with theoretical model. The results show that the mathematical model includes external mass transfer and pore diffusion using nonlinear isotherms and provides a good description of the adsorption process for furfural and phenolic compounds in a fixed bed adsorber.
1480–1510 nm band Tm-doped fibre amplifierwith high power conversion efficiency of 42% (2001)

The highest reported overall power conversion efficiency of 42% using a high Tm3+ concentration-doped fluoride fibre amplifier (TDFA) with one colour 1.4 µm pumping and a double pass configuration for S-band amplification has been achieved. This TDFA was used for a successful 8 × 10 Gbit/s WDM transmission.
Molecular genetic analysis of a yeast RNA polymerase II holoenzyme (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1994.
Effects of estrogens on extracellular matrix synthesis in cultures of human normal and scleroderma skin fibroblasts (2010)

To investigate the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis (collagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin) using cultures of normal and scleroderma (SSc) skin fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts cultures, obtained from skin biopsies of six female voluntary subjects and three female SSc patients, were treated for 24 h with E2 (10(-10)M) alone or in combination with tamoxifene (TAM, 10(-7)M) as an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist. ECM protein synthesis was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. E2 induced a significant increase of fibronectin, collagen type I, and laminin synthesis both in normal (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively) and SSc fibroblasts (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively) when compared to untreated fibroblasts. TAM induced a significant decrease of ECM protein synthesis when compared to E2-treated TAM-untreated fibroblasts. This study seems to support important modulatory effects of E2 in the fibrotic progression of the SSc process via ER interactions.
The C2 domain protein BAP1 negatively regulates defense responses in Arabidopsis (2006)

The Arabidopsis BAP1 gene encodes a small protein with a C2-like domain. Here we show that the BAP1 protein is capable of binding to phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner and is associated with membranes in vivo. We identify multiple roles of BAP1 in negatively regulating defense responses and cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. The loss of BAP1 function confers an enhanced disease resistance to virulent bacterial and oomycete pathogens. The enhanced resistance is mediated by salicylic acid, PAD4 and a disease resistance gene SNC1. BAP1 is also involved in the control of cell death, which is suggested by an altered hypersensitive response to an avirulent bacterial pathogen in the bap1 loss-of-function mutant. BAP1 overexpression leads to an enhanced susceptibility to a virulent oomycete, suggesting a role for BAP1 in basal defense response. Furthermore, the BAP1 protein probably functions together with an evolutionarily conserved C2 domain protein BON1/CPN1 to negatively regulate defense responses in plants.
Electrical conductivity of a single electrospun fiber of poly(methyl methacrylate) and multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite (2006)

Electrospinning produces polymeric fibers with diameters in the range of 10μm–10nm by accelerating a charged polymer jet under a high electric field. We report the preparation of conducting nanocomposite fibers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by electrospinning. The fibers obtained are long and well aligned. The carbon nanotubes are found to be oriented along the fiber axis. The room temperature dc electrical conductivity of a single fiber with MWCNT (0.05% w/w) shows about a ten orders of magnitude improvement from the pure PMMA. The conductivity increases with MWCNT concentration.
Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Regulation of Rho GTPases Triggers Turning of Nerve Growth Cones (2005)

Cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation and changes in Rho GTPase activity are both known to mediate axon guidance by extracellular factors, but the causal relationship between these two events has been unclear. Here we show that direct elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ by extracellular application of a low concentration of ryanodine, which activated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, upregulated Cdc42/Rac, but downregulated RhoA, in cultured cerebellar granule cells and human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Chemoattractive turning of the growth cone triggered by a gradient of ryanodine was blocked by overexpression of mutant forms of Cdc42 but not of RhoA in Xenopus spinal cord neurons. Furthermore, Ca2+-induced GTPase activity correlated with activation of protein kinase C and required a basal activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Thus, Rho GTPases may mediate axon guidance by linking upstream Ca2+ signals triggered by guidance factors to downstream cytoskeletal rearrangements.
Reconstructing Methods of Numerical Analysis Program for Utilizing the Internet (2003)

The present study introduces an architecture for performing efficient numerical analysis by using the Internet and three reconstructing methods of existing numerical analysis codes were presented in order to utilize the architecture. These methods were implemented into a computational fluid dynamics program for solving two-dimensional transient flow problems with free surface. The program was reconstructed with Java technologies and compared with the original one. This study will be a preparation for numerical analysis to participate in web services for engineering.
Vertical Leakage/Breakdown Mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN-on-Si Devices (2012)

Vertical leakage/breakdown mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors grown on low-resistivity p-type (111) Si substrate are studied by temperature-dependent current-voltage ( I-V) measurements. It is found that the top-to-substrate vertical breakdown voltage (BV) is dominated by the space-charge-limited current conduction involving both acceptor and donor traps in the GaN buffer/transition layer. From the temperature-dependent transient backgating measurements, the acceptor level at E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</sub> + 543 meV and the donor level at E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> -616 meV were identified.
Quantitative 177 Lu SPECT (QSPECT) imaging using a commercially available SPECT/CT system (2011)

QSPECT has high accuracy both in our phantom model and in clinical practice following [(177)Lu]octreotate therapy. This has the potential to yield more accurate dosimetry estimates than planar imaging and facilitate therapeutic response assessment. Validating this method with other radionuclides could open the way for many other research and clinical applications.
Telechelic Polybutadienes or Polyisoprenes Precursors for Recyclable Elastomeric Networks (2017)

(Bis)furan-telechelic, low-molar-mass polybutadienes and polyisoprenes are synthesized by controlled degradation of high molar mass polymers and chain-end modifications yielding difunctional, trifunctional, or tetrafunctional polymers. Addition of a bismaleimide to the liquid-modified polymer leads to the formation of a thermoreversible elastomeric network based on the Diels-Alder chemistry for the trifunctional or tetrafunctional polymers, whereas only chain extension occurs for the bifunctional one. Dynamic mechanical analyses or tensile tests are performed on the networks and reveal a similar behavior for polyisoprene and polybutadiene with nevertheless quite different Young modulus or strain at break. The retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs upon heating, allowing the remolding of the used elastomer. The remolded network exhibits the same mechanical properties as the initial network, showing an efficient material recyclability.