gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of preimplantation human embryos co-cultured with human ampullary cells (1990)

Ova with two pronuclei were co-cultured with established human ampullary cell lines and various stages of preimplantation embryonic development were monitored by Nomarski optics and then assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fifteen embryos ranging from the 2-cell stage to blastocyst hatching were examined for normal and abnormal features. Their ultrastructure was similar to that of embryos cultured in Whittingham's T6 medium, reported previously. Seven embryos were evidently morphologically normal and showed good organization of fine structure. Most cellular organelles underwent progressive changes during early development. There was evidence of enhanced embryonic genome activation at the 8-cell stage. Invariably, all embryos had few too many fragments, some internalized, which were later segregated into the blastocoele or found outside the trophoblast of the late morula and blastocysts. Six grossly 'normal' embryos assessed by Nomarski had multiple nuclei of various dimensions, which highlights the subjectivity of embryo assessment in the IVF laboratory. Incomplete incorporation of chromatin into nuclei and formation of micronuclei were evident in some blastomeres. The results are discussed in relation to early embryonic loss, prevalent in IVF. Significant events reported include the detection of centrioles at the 8-cell stage, cavitation of the early blastocyst and the initiation of blastocyst hatching visualized by TEM.
Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence (2008)

Police success in linking vehicles to the scene of a crime through the impressions and tracks those vehicles leave behind has long served as a successful and reliable forensic tool. The collection and forensic evaluation of that evidence, however, requires specialized knowledge, training, and expertise. Drawing from the author‘s 34 years of exp
A conserved region in intron 1 negatively regulates the expression of the PCNA gene (1992)

The Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) gene is a growth-regulated gene, whose expression is under the control of both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. In previous work, it was shown that the 73 bp immediately upstream of the CAP site and intron 4 are major regulatory elements. We show here that intron 1 also plays a role in determining the levels of PCNA mRNA. Specifically, we show: 1) deletion of intron 1 increases the expression of PCNA mRNA in serum-deprived cells; 2) a 35 bp sequence in intron 1, containing a reverse CCAAT element specifically binds proteins from nuclear extracts; 3) this intron 1 sequence inhibits the expression of a co-tranfected human PCNA gene in transient expression assays suggesting that it competes for positive transcription factors; 4) mutations in the CCAAT region of the 35bp intron 1 probe abrogate both its protein-binding capacity and its ability to inhibit the expression of a co-transfected wt PCNA gene; and 5) the CCAAT region of human intron 1 is highly conserved in the mouse gene. We conclude that the reverse CCAAT region of intron 1 is a negative regulatory element of PCNA gene expression, and hypothesize that its inhibitory effect is abolished when certain protein(s) bind to it and that inhibition is restored if these proteins are competed out by an homologous sequence.
Effects of antifolate drugs on the cellular uptake of radiofolates in vitro and in vivo. (2006)

Our data suggest that the preadministration of antifolates improves tumor-to-kidney ratios of radiofolates and opens a "therapeutic window" for folates radiolabeled with particle-emitting nuclides, which could otherwise be nephrotoxic.
Post-Conflict Peace-Building and Constitution-Making (2006)

Peace-building accomplished through international intervention has had little success in achieving sustainable peace. In February of 2004, Haiti slipped back into chaos and despair, turning ten years of international and Haitian state- building efforts to dust. Liberia is in its second round of international intervention since returning to conflict in 2004 following UN supervised elections in 1997. There is daily violence in Iraq and ongoing instability in Afghanistan. Kosovo remains under UN administration, with an uncertain future and ongoing undercurrents of conflict. Theories abound for the lack of success in peace-building. Some focus on operational limitations and the unintended negative consequences of international aid, while others focus on institutional lacunae. Increasingly though, it is accepted that the most critical problems involve a lack of knowledge of how to rebuild states and an associated failure of state-building strategy. This Article focuses on one of the key elements of post-conflict peace-building: the role of constitution-making in the political and governance transition. [CONT]
Relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and objective measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a Chinese survey (2008)

The correlation between objective parameters of BPH and LUTS is significant. However, it is hard to predict the severity of symptoms by these parameters.
Edge map guided adaptive post-filter for blocking and ringing artifacts removal (2004)

This paper presents a new adaptive post-filtering algorithm for blocking and ringing artifact reduction. The proposed method extracts local statistics and constructs an edge map of the image. Based on the edge map information, blocking and ringing artifacts are detected, and then reduced by an edge map guided filter. The proposed method specifically targets the blocking artifacts at the block boundaries and ringing artifacts close to edges. Therefore, the algorithm is able to preserve sharp edges and details, while reducing the artifacts. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed post-filtering algorithm achieves better subjective and objective results compared with other methods. Also, the algorithm has very low complexity.
Configurable flow control mechanisms for fault-tolerant routing (1995)

Fault-tolerant routing protocols in modern interconnection networks rely heavily on the network flow control mechanisms used. Optimistic flow control mechanisms such as wormhole routing (WR) realize very good performance, but are prone to deadlock in the presence of faults. Conservative flow control mechanisms such as pipelined circuit switching (PCS) insures existence of a path to the destination prior to message transmission, but incurs increased overhead. Existing fault-tolerant routing protocols are designed with one or the other, and must accommodate their associated constraints. This paper proposes the use of configurable flow control mechanisms. Routing protocols can then be designed such that in the vicinity of faults, protocols use a more conservative flow control mechanism, while the majority of messages that traverse fault-free portions of the network utilize a WR like flow control to maximize performance. Such protocols are referred to as two-phase protocols, where routing decisions are provided some control over the operation of the virtual channels. This ability provides new avenues for optimizing message passing performance in the presence of faults. A fully adaptive two-phase protocol is proposed and compared via simulation to those based on WR and PCS. The architecture of a network router supporting configurable flow control is described, and the paper concludes with avenues for future research.
Parking Use of the Kerbside in the Sydney C.B.D. (1989)

The kerbside lane in city traffic is the main focus of traffic conflicts. In Sydney, there is growing pressure to use more of that lane for traffic movement improvements such as 'S' lanes and clearways, as well as to widen footpaths to make a better environment for the pedestrian. Before any of these reallocations can be considered, however, it is necessary to assess the needs of the traditional kerbside user, the short-term parker. This in turn will allow the impact of any loss in kerbside parking to be considered before reallocation. There are a wide variety of kerbside parking controls, further complicated by changing period controls in which they apply. Legally, on-street parking in central Sydney represents about a third of all the parking supply. This category includes all the meter parking, period restrictions, residential parking schemes, loading zones, and preferential parking allocations. A third of all spaces accommodates 70% of all parking events in the City. Information in the paper mainly comes from surveys done by the Traffic Authority, in association with the Ministry of Transport and consultants, of city workers, city visitors, and observed kerbside use and interviews with on-street parkers about to leave their parking space.
Effects of Early Diabetic Retinopathy on Rod System Sensitivity (1993)

Previous studies have shown that S-cone pathway sensitivity is selectively decreased in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, rod system sensitivity was evaluated in a group of diabetic patients using psychophysical techniques. The course of dark adaptation was first determined, then absolute thresholds were measured in the horizontal and vertical meridians. For all patients, although the recovery of the initial portions of rod dark adaptation were normal, absolute thresholds were increased in both the horizontal and vertical meridians. The findings provide evidence that patients with early diabetic retinopathy show a generalized dysfunction of the rod system.
Examining the effect of <i>Withania somnifera</i> supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial (2015)

This study reports that ashwagandha supplementation is associated with significant increases in muscle mass and strength and suggests that ashwagandha supplementation may be useful in conjunction with a resistance training program.
MALAYSIAN YOUTH SEXUALITY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES (2009)

Youth sexuality is a great concern for many. Sexual health issues facing our youths are: premarital sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted and unsafe pregnancies and abortions, sexual diversity, HIV/AIDS, and cybersex. Various factors lead to risky sexual and reproductive health behavior, particularly among those unmarried youths: lack of sexual and reproductive health information and skills in negotiating sexual relationships and the inaccessibility of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. Growing peer pressure of pre-marital sex plays a major role in sexual and reproductive health related decision-making among youths. Another factor is the issue of sexuality education which is still considered a sensitive topic and thus impinging on its implementation, due to cultural and religious constraints. Misunderstanding and a lack of information on sexual diversity have caused a concern for many, as there is a tendency for judgments, stereotypes, discriminations and prejudices towards homosexuality in the society. Online sexual activities or cybersex have become the next sexual revolution. Negative consequences are shown for those hooked on cybersex. Healthy youths are fundamental to the prevention initiatives. Promoting the sexual and reproductive needs and rights of our youths is warranted.
Synthesis of Aryl Azides via Post-Cleavage Modification of Polymer-Bound Triazenes (2004)

Starting from immobilized arenes on the triazene T1 linker resin, cleavage was achieved by trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of trimethylsilyl azide to obtain aryl azides in good yields and excellent purities. A novel cleavage protocol has been introduced and analytical and preparative applications have been ­presented.
Incremental construction of a landmark-based and topological model of indoor environments by a mobile robot (2002)

This paper deals with the perception subsystem of a mobile robot which must navigate in a structured environment. We will consider the exploration task; the robot must build successive snapshot models from sensory data acquired from a laser range finder (LRF), and fuse them in a global model so that it can localize itself with respect to a pertinent reference frame. Structuration rules are required to limit the complexity of the modeling process. First of all, we only extract from the sensory data, useful landmarks which correspond to characteristic local feature groupings, like wall corners, doors, corridor crossings, ...; each landmark has its own frame and its own geometrical model. Then, correlated landmarks are kept together at an area level; finally, the global model is built from the relationships between area frames, providing the topological description of the world. For each level (landmark, area, environment), the model is represented by a random vector and a covariance matrix, updated through the use of an extended Kalman filter (EKF).
Calixarenes as Ligands in Environmentally-Benign Liquid-Liquid Extraction Media (2000)

Calixarene partitioning in Aqueous Biphasic Systems (ABS) and Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTIL) has been studied to establish fundamental correlations between the nature of the solute and partitioning behavior in these novel systems that represent alternative liquid/liquid separation technologies. Sulfonated, water-soluble calix[6] and calix[4]arenes quantitatively partition to the polymer-rich phase of an ABS, but remain in the aqueous phase when contacted with a RTIL. In contrast, the distribution studies of unsubstituted calixarenes indicate their affinity for the RTIL. Substitution of hydrophilic or functional groups on the upper rim of the calixarenes tailors the solubility of the macrocycle necessary for adapting traditional complexants for use in novel solvent systems.
Personalized Photo Enhancement Using Artificial Neural Network (2018)

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied to create a photo enhancement program that automatically adjusts image parameters on the face based on the preference of its own user. Viola Jones algorithm was used for face detection, and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is created to enable users to edit the photos easily. Input data sets are essential in the learning progress of ANN. Variety of users inputted their respective image data into the program for training the neural network. Regression plot developed will be used to determine the performance of the system. The authors would relate the consistency of the users in editing their photos to the produced regression plot. On the other hand, actual tests were conducted to determine the time spent editing the photos manually and the amount of time the system automatically adjusted the photo. There is a difference in editing time between average manual adjustment and automatic adjustment by the ANN.
Source-mask optimization incorporating a physical resist model and manufacturability constraints (2012)

Lithographic process development at small k1 factors requires source-mask optimization (SMO) for obtaining sufficient process stability. Two prerequisites must be fulfilled to directly employ the SMO solutions for the optimized source and mask layouts: i) the simulation model underlying SMO should accurately predict the printing on wafer, and ii) the mask patterns must be manufacturable. With regard to i), SMO including a properly calibrated physical resist model is assumed to be more predictive across variable source and mask shapes than SMO with a computationally fast but simplifying photoresist treatment. By coupling SMO and rigorous lithography simulations, we effectively incorporate physical resist modelling into SMO. Additionally, concerning ii), we tackle the manufacturability task by incorporating mask rule constraints already during SMO. Optimizing the mask's degrees of freedom in a mask-rule constrained space, we avoid any post-processing of the optimized mask clips and any corresponding degradation of the result quality. The concept of constrained optimization is also extended to placing and optimizing assist features during SMO. We employ virtual assist feature seeds that can only form real assists if mask rules are met. In that way assist features are simultaneously co-optimized together with the main features and the source.We discuss our approach at 2 examples, a line/space array edge and a SRAM cell, and point to reference1 for a rigorous cell optimization for DRAM.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of C(16),C(18)‐Bis‐epi‐cytochalastin D via Reformatsky Cyclization. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by targeting intestine‐specific homeobox expression (2017)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a major chemical sensor, is thought to play a role in various biological contexts, including cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. However, its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We propose herein a novel mechanism through which AHR promotes tumorigenesis by targeting expression of the oncogene intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared to paired tumor-adjacent tissues and non-HCC tumors, HCCs exhibited an increased and hierarchical pattern of AHR expression. Patients exhibiting high AHR expression had a significantly shorter survival duration, compared to those with low and medium expression. Functionally, AHR was found to target the newly discovered proto-oncogene, ISX, resulting in the increased expression of this gene and its downstream targets, CCND1 and E2F1. Ablation of AHR or ISX in hepatoma cells suppressed cell growth, whereas overexpression promoted cell proliferation and led to enhanced tumorigenic activity in vitro and in vivo. These results provide evidence to support a critical role for the AHR/ISX axis in HCC tumorigenesis and suggest its potential utility as a new therapeutic and prognostic target for HCC.
Super self-aligned double-gate (SSDG) MOSFETs utilizing oxidation rate difference and selective epitaxy (2003)

We propose a new super self-aligned double-gate MOSFET structure to implement "ideal" double-gate CMOS devices. Only one gate mask is used to define both top and bottom gates, so a perfectly aligned gate structure is obtained. Oxidation rate difference and selective epitaxy are utilized and the process sequence is explained briefly. Device simulation results for the structure show high current level and good GIDL characteristics. Good experimental results are obtained in the key process steps to fabricate the structure.
CD44 in Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells: Surface Expression and Transcripts Encoding Multiple Variants (1993)

Expression of the surface-adhesion molecule CD44 was investigated during the in vitro differentiation of the embryonic stem (ES) cell line D3. By immunofluorescence analysis, totipotent, undifferentiated ES cells did not show surface expression of CD44, although two transcripts of approximately 1.6 and 3.3 kb were detected on Northern blots. Following 1 week of differentiation in either suspension or substrate-attached cultures, CD44 appeared on the surface of some D3 cells, and synthesis of an additional 4.5 kb mRNA species was detected on Northern blots. At this stage, at least three distinct transcripts encoding CD44 variants were induced within the cultures, resulting from alternative splicing of additional exons in the variable domains of CD44. From PCR analysis, they all appeared to contain the variable exon v10, and two of them in addition contained v6. Taken together, these results suggest that CD44 may play a role in cell migration and adhesion in the early development of the mouse embryo.
Competition-Enhanced Ligand Selection to Identify DNA Aptamers (2018)

Competition-enhanced ligand screening (CompELS) was employed to rapidly screen through large DNA libraries to identify single-stranded, oligonucleotide-based ligands called aptamers that bind to a nonbiological target. This previously unreported aptamer screening approach involves the repeated introduction of unenriched random sequence populations during the biopanning process, but avoids iterative elution and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification steps inherent to traditional SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) screening. In this study, 25 aptamers were identified against a gold surface via CompELS and evaluated to identify patterns in primary structures and predicted secondary structures. Following a final one-round competition experiment with the 25 identified aptamers, one particular aptamer sequence (1N) emerged as the most competitive adsorbate species for the gold substrate. Binding analysis indicated at least an order of magnitude difference in the binding affinity of 1N ( K<sub>d</sub> = 5.6 × 10<sup>-10</sup> M) compared to five other high affinity aptamer candidates ( K<sub>d</sub> = 10<sup>-8</sup>-10<sup>-9</sup> M) from identical secondary structure families. Collectively, these studies introduce a rapid, reliable screening and ranking platform along with a classification scheme well-suited for identifying and characterizing aptamers for nonbiological as well as biological targets.
High Charge Carrier Mobility, Low Band Gap Donor–Acceptor Benzothiadiazole-oligothiophene Based Polymeric Semiconductors (2012)

A series of benzothiadiazole oligothiophene and oligo(thienylene vinylene) donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers were synthesized and characterized. These low optical band gap materials (∼1.5 eV) are capable of absorbing photons in the range of 400–800 nm and exhibit good thermal stability. Their hole mobilities, determined using an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) architecture, vary over a range of 3 orders of magnitude and strongly correlate with the molecular ordering and morphology of the respective thin films. Spin-coated films of the poly(benzothiadiazole-sexithiophene) PBT6, which exhibits a highly crystalline lamellar π–π stacked edge-on orientation on the OFET substrate, possesses a hole mobility of ca. 0.2 cm2/V·s. Vinylene-containing analogs PBT6V2 and PBT6V2′ are amorphous and exhibit very low mobilities. The molecular weight of PBT6 has a strong influence on the electronic properties: a sample with a lower molecular weight exhibits a mobility approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than the high molecular weight homologue, and the absorption maximum is appreciably blue-shifted. The hole mobility of PBT6 is further enhanced by a factor of ca. 3 through fabrication of the OFET by drop casting. OFETs fabricated by this process exhibit mobilities of up to 0.75 cm2/V·s and ION/OFF ratios in the range of 106–107. These results demonstrate the potential of incorporating benzothiadiazole units into polythiophene derivatives to develop high-mobility semiconducting polymers.
Microalgal bioreactors: Challenges and opportunities (2009)

Abstract Cultivating and harvesting of products from microalgae has led to increasing commercial interest in their use for producing valuable substances for food, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biodiesel, as well as for mitigation of pollution and rising CO 2 in the environment. This review outlines different bioreactors and their current status, and points out their advantages and disadvantages. Compared with open‐air systems, there are distinct advantages to using closed systems, but technical challenges still remain. In view of potential applications, development of a more controllable, economical, and efficient closed culturing system is needed. Further developments still depend on continued research in the design of photobioreactors and break‐throughs in microalgal culturing technologies.