gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Mg<sup>2+</sup> Speciation in a TFSI<sup>–</sup>-Based Ionic Liquid With and Without Chelating Ethers Using Raman Spectroscopy (2015)

Raman spectroscopy was employed to assess the complex environment of magnesium salts in the n-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMPyrTFSI) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). At room temperature, Mg(TFSI)2 was miscible with BMPyrTFSI and formulated by [Mg(TFSI)2](x)[BMPyrTFSI](1-x) (x ≤ 0.55). Results suggest that at low concentrations of Mg(TFSI)2, anionic complexes in which Mg(2+) is surrounded by at least four TFSI(-) were formed. Above x = 0.2 an average of three TFSI(-) surround each Mg(2+). Below x = 0.12, there is a greater number of monodentate interactions between TFSI(-) oxygens and Mg(2+) cations, whereas above x = 0.12 bidentate ligands dominate. The fraction of TFSI(-) existing in the cis conformation increased with increasing Mg(2+) concentration. Mg(ClO4)2 was also studied as a Mg(2+) source. At equivalent mole fractions to those of the Mg(TFSI)2 salt, Mg(2+) from Mg(ClO4)2 was surrounded by only two TFSI(-) anions as ClO4(-) appeared to compete with TFSI(-) for coordination with Mg(2+). Similar behavior was also observed for the less soluble halide salts MgX2 (X = Cl, Br, I). Additions of chelating ligands were shown to effectively reduce the average number of TFSI(-) around Mg(2+) in a manner consistent with maintaining a sixfold oxygen coordination number around Mg(2+). Furthermore, an alternative class of ionic liquids, known as "solvate" ionic liquids, were produced. In this case glymes (Gm, m + 1 ether oxygens) were mixed with Mg(TFSI)2 so that glymes chelated Mg(2+), creating Mg(Gm)(y)(2+) complexes. The general formula was given by Mg(Gm)(y)(TFSI)2. These solvate ILs melt between 40 and 80 °C. Raman spectra clearly showed the glyme chelating ability and stronger coordination with Mg(2+) with respect to TFSI(-). Finally, linear sweep voltammograms showed the anodic stability of the glymes to improve due to coordination with Mg(2+).
Synthesis, Antitumor Evaluation and Crystal Structure of Hydroxyurea Derivatives (2010)

A series of hydroxyurea derivatives have been synthesized and elucidated by means of FT-IR, (1)H-, (13)C-NMR and MS. The exact stereostructures of representative compounds have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. In the crystals, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H...O hydrogen bonds occurred, and further N-H...O links led to chains of molecules. In vitro antitumor activities against Tca8113 human tongue cancer cells and L1210 murine leukemia cells were evaluated. A total of 8 of the 12 compounds had higher inhibitory activities than hydroxyurea against L1210 cells. Among them, the most promising compounds were 3e, 3d, 3a and 2d.
The NEOS server for optimization version 4 and beyond. (2002)

We describe developments associated with Version 4 of the NEOS Server and note that these developments have led to an exponential growth in the number of job submissions.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Packaged MEMS Gas Flow Sensor (2004)

A surface micromachined MEMS gas flow sensor has been fabricated and tested. The fabrication process of the device was presented. The heater glowed red hot when a voltage of 27V was applied if the underlying LTO was completely etched away. Both the upstream and downstream resistors changed when temperature changed. A proof of concept showing that output voltage changes with gas flow was shown.
Endothelin and increased contractility in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Role of intracellular alkalosis induced by activation of the protein kinase C-dependent Na(+)-H+ exchanger. (1991)

Endothelin, a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide, is among the most potent positively inotropic agents yet described in mammalian heart. Having demonstrated that endothelin's inotropic effect is due, in part, to an apparent sensitization of cardiac myofilaments to intracellular calcium, we determined whether this could be due to a rise in intracellular pH (pHi). In isolated adult rat ventricular cells loaded with the H(+)-selective fluorescent probe BCECF, 100 pM endothelin increased contractile amplitude to 190 +/- 26% of baseline and pHi by 0.08 +/- 0.02 (n = 8), whereas 1 nM endothelin increased pHi by 0.13 +/- 0.03 with little further increase in contractility. Amiloride (10(-4)M) prevented the increase in pHi in response to endothelin and reduced the inotropic response by 45%, although the inotropic effect could be readily restored by subsequent NH4Cl-induced alkalinization. Similarly, inhibitors of protein kinase C (H-7 and sphingosine) diminished or abolished the rise in pHi after endothelin superfusion while causing a decline in its inotropic effect comparable with that observed with amiloride. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin, which we have demonstrated results in complete ADP-ribosylation of the alpha-subunits of Go and Gi GTP-binding proteins and abolition of endothelin's positive inotropic effect, only partially reduced the intracellular alkalinization induced by the peptide, suggesting a complex signal transduction mechanism. Thus, the positive inotropic action of endothelin is due in part to stimulation of the sarcolemmal Na(+)-H+ exchanger by a protein kinase C-mediated pathway, resulting in a rise in pHi and sensitization of cardiac myofilaments to intracellular Ca2+.
Reassessment of the scale-determining equation for advanced turbulence models (1988)

A comprehensive and critical review of closure approximations for two-equation turbulence models has been made. Particular attention has focused on the scale-determining equation in an attempt to find the optimum choice of dependent variable and closure approximations. Using a combination of singular perturbation methods and numerical computations, this paper demonstrates that: 1) conventional A:-e and A>w formulations generally are inaccurate for boundary layers in adverse pressure gradient; 2) using functions'' tends to mask the shortcomings of such models; and 3) a more suitable choice of dependent variables exists that is much more accurate for adverse pressure gradient. Based on the analysis, a two-equation turbulence model is postulated that is shown to be quite accurate for attached boundary layers in adverse pressure gradient, compressible boundary layers, and free shear flows. With no viscous damping of the model's closure coefficients and without the aid of wall functions, the model equations can be integrated through the viscous sublayer. Surface boundary conditions are presented that permit accurate predictions for flow over rough surfaces and for flows with surface mass addition.
Vertical Tunneling Hot Carrier Transport in 2D van der Waals Material-Based Devices for Optoelectronic Applications (2015)

Author(s): Torres Jr., Carlos Manuel | Advisor(s): Wang, Kang L. | Abstract: For over half a century, Moore’s law has driven the silicon electronics industry towards smaller and faster transistors. However, as the scaling limit of silicon Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology draws to an end, novel materials and device concepts have been eagerly sought out and investigated with hopes to augment the next generation of information processing. In this dissertation, I introduce a new paradigm of device concepts based on a vertical tunneling transistor structure incorporating individual 2D van der Waals (2D vdW) materials, such as graphene and MoS2, in the active region. The essential physics relies upon the injection of non-equilibrium, or hot, electrons via the quantum tunneling process through a vertical heterostructure. For the electronics aspect, we demonstrate 2D vdW material-based ambipolar hot carrier transistors (2D vdW-AHCTs), in which the injected hot electrons traverse vertically through the 2D vdW material in the base region and either reach the collector or back-scatter into the base region. For the optoelectronics aspect, the hot electrons are injected into the conduction band of the specific 2D vdW material in the base region where they relax and emit photons via hot carrier luminescence. Furthermore, it will be shown that the application of a top-gate voltage offers several functionalities. In the case of the 2D vdW-AHCTs, the top-gate/collector voltage controls the filter barrier height at the collector-base oxide. We discovered that by choosing MoS2 and HfO2 for the filter barrier interface in addition to implementing a non-crystalline semiconductor such as ITO for the collector electrode, allows for the simultaneous emergence of ambipolar transport, an unprecedentedly high and voltage-tunable current gain (α ~ 0.95, β g 15), and a voltage-tunable recombination current in the base region of MoS2. Depending upon the collector electrode’s bias polarity, either a hot electron mode of operation or a hole mode of operation dominates the transport mechanism of the 2D vdW-AHCTs. In the case of the 2D vdW wavelength-agile light-emitting transistors (2D vdW-LETs), the top-gate voltage can tune the wavelength of the emitted photons via the band-filling effect in the Graphene Broadband Infrared Light-Emitting Transistor (GBILET) or by tuning the direct bandgap of monolayer MoS2 in the MoS2 Visible Light-Emitting Transistor (MoS2-VLET) with the application of a perpendicular electric field.
Use of Agricultural Pesticides and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort (2003)

The authors examined the relation between 45 common agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort study of 55,332 male pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina with no prior history of prostate cancer. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires completed at enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence was determined through population-based cancer registries from enrollment through December 31, 1999. A prostate cancer standardized incidence ratio was computed for the cohort. Odds ratios were computed for individual pesticides and for pesticide use patterns identified by means of factor analysis. A prostate cancer standardized incidence ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.24) was observed for the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Use of chlorinated pesticides among applicators over 50 years of age and methyl bromide use were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Several other pesticides showed a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among study subjects with a family history of prostate cancer but not among those with no family history. Important family history-pesticide interactions were observed.
Using predicate path information in hardware to determine true dependences (2002)

Predicated Execution has been put forth as a method for improving processor performance by removing hard-to-predict branches. As part of the process of turning a set of basic blocks into a predicated region, both paths of a branch are combined into a single path. There can be multiple definitions from disjoint paths that reach a use. Waiting to find out the correct definition that actually reaches the use can cause pipeline stalls.In this paper we examine a hardware optimization that dynamically collects and analyzes path information to determine valid dependences for predicated regions of code. We then use this information for an in-order VLIW predicated processor, so that instructions can continue towards execution without having to wait on operands from false dependences. Our results show that using our Disjoint Path Analysis System provides speedups over 6% and elimination of false RAW dependences of up to 14% due to the detection of erroneous dependences in if-converted regions of code.
The Use of the Bone Curet in Debridement of the Burn Wound and Graft Recipient Sites (1989)

We describe the use of the simple bone curet for the purpose of scraping and debriding partial-thickness burn wounds and other chronic wounds encountered by the burn surgeon before autograft placement. In our experience the instrument allows more efficient and safer operating room debridement than does the standard scalpel blade.
Moderating effect of website types in the relationship between trust and consumers’ intention to use online shopping (2014)

Doing business in the virtual environment, trust is considered as an essential condition for the willingness of consumers to make a transaction with Internet seller. Many earlier empirical studies explored that website characteristic (web design, web quality, e-vendor reputation and etc.) is also considered as a significant factor affecting consumers’ trust and their decision to make a purchasing on the Internet. It is shown that Web quality not only has a positive impact on consumer beliefs of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, but also affects consumer perception of E-vendor’s image and prestige. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of website types as a moderating factor in the relationships between consumers’ trust and their intention to use online shopping. By using Amos 20.0 with the Maximum Likelihood estimate technique for analyzing data collected via 597 online shoppers, the results indicated that there is a moderating effect of website types in the relationship between trust and consumers’ intention to shop via the Internet (that is, there are differences of the role of trust and its influence on consumers’ intention to use online shopping among domestic website buying group, foreign website buying group and both of websites buying one as well). Findings of this study have importantly contributed on the theoretical as well as practical perspectives. Also, this study has pointed some implications for manager and researcher in the future. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */
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Memory system support for image processing (1999)

Image processing applications tend to access their data non-sequentially and reuse that data infrequently. As a result, they tend to perform poorly on conventional memory systems due to high cache and TLB miss rates and are particularly sensitive to the growing latency of main memory. In this paper, we analyze the memory performance of three image processing algorithms (volume rendering, image warping, and image filtering) on both a conventional memory system and on the Impulse memory system. The Impulse memory system allows application software to control how, when, and where data are loaded into a conventional processor cache. It does this by letting software configure how the memory controller interprets the physical addresses exported by the processor, which enables an application to dynamically change how data are fetched. Sparse data can be accessed densely, which improves both cache and TLB utilization, and memory latency is hidden by prefetching data within the memory controller. We find that for these image processing codes, using an Impulse memory system yields speedups of 40% to 226% over an otherwise identical machine with a conventional memory system.
Integrated Electronics to Control and Readout Electrochemical Biosensors for Implantable Applications (2015)

Biosensors can effectively be used to monitor multiple metabolites such as glucose, lactate, ATP and drugs in the human body. Continuous monitoring of these metabolites is essential for patients with chronic or critical conditions. Moreover, this can be used to tune the dosage of a drug for each individual patient, in order to achieve personalized therapy. Implantable medical devices (IMDs) based on biosensors are emerging as a valid alternative for blood tests in laboratories. They can provide continuous monitoring while reduce the test costs. The potentiostat plays a fundamental role in modern biosensors. A potentiostat is an electronic device that controls the electrochemical cell, using three electrodes, and runs the electrochemical measurement. In particular the IMDs require a low-power, fully-integrated, and autonomous potentiostats to control and readout the biosensors. This thesis describes two integrated circuits (ICs) to control and readout multi-target biosensors: LOPHIC and ARIC. They enable chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetrymeasurements and consume sub-mW power. The design, implementation, characterisation, and validation with biosensors are presented for each IC. To support the calibration of the biosensors with environmental parameters, ARIC includes circuitry to measure the pHand temperature of the analyte through an Iridiumoxide pH sensor and an off-chip resistor-temperature detector (RTD). In particular, novel circuits to convert resistor value into digital are designed for RTD readout. ARIC is integrated into two IMDs aimed for health-care monitoring and personalized therapy. The control and readout of the embedded sensor arrays have been successfully achieved, thanks to ARIC, and validated for glucose and paracetamol measurements while it is remotely powered through an inductive link. To ensure the security and privacy of IMDs, a lightweight cryptographic system (LCS) is presented. This is the first ASIC implementation of a cryptosystem for IMDs, and is integrated into ARIC. The resulting system provides a unique and fundamental capability by immediately encrypting and signing the sensor data upon its creation within the body. Nano-structures such as Carbon nanotubes have been widely used to improve the sensitivity of the biosensors. However, in most of the cases, they introduce more noise into the measurements and produce a large background current. In this thesis the noise of the sensors incorporating CNTs is studied for the first time. The effect of CNTs as well as sensor geometry on the signal to noise ratio of the sensors is investigated experimentally. To remove the background current of the sensors, a differential readout scheme has been proposed. In particular, a novel differential readout IC is designed and implemented that measures inputcurrents within a wide dynamic range and produces a digital output that corresponds to the -informative- redox current of the biosensor.
Secure transmission of medical information using IRIS recognition and steganography (2013)

Medical information is extremely high sensitive in nature. Tampering by a third party may result in identity theft and incorrect diagnosis. Hence, it is important to secure the transfer of medical information from the patient to the remote system where the specialist. The proposed work decomposes this problem into two sub-problems and proposes security solutions to each of them: (1) to secure the link between the patient and the device, and (2) to secure the link between the device and the network. Biometric identification is extremely an effective authentication. Thus we push the limits of the network security to the edge by authenticating the user using their biometric information; authenticating the device to the network at the physical layer and strengthening the security of the wireless link using steganography. The proposed authentication methods can be used for recording the medical data in a central database and for accessing medical records in various settings. An algorithm for visual cryptography and steganography is built using MATLAB platform. The proposed work considers iris images for authentication it was taken from CASIA Iris Image Database V4.0.
Introduction to Philosophical Foundations of Law and Neuroscience (2016)

This introductory chapter is an overview on the theory and applications of both the fields of law and neuroscience—‘neurolaw’. It shows how the rapid expansion of neurolaw follows from two claims: that neuroscience provides powerful new evidence about the brain, the mind, and human action; and that this evidence is relevant and highly probative for issues throughout the law. To the extent neuroscientific evidence reveals insights about the mind, decision making, and human behaviour, these insights may provide useful information for explaining, justifying, critiquing, or improving the law’s efficacy and applications in any of its domains. Notwithstanding this broad potential reach, it is not surprising that much of the focus of neurolaw to date has been on criminal law. Accordingly, the chapter provides a framework for categorizing the various claims and arguments about how neuroscience may apply to a legal issue: proof, doctrine, and theory.
The effects of cold stress on neonatal calves. II. Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. (1980)

Newborn calves were subjected to cold stress and made hypothermic by immersion in water at 15 to 17 degrees C. Cold stress delayed the onset and significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) the rate of absorption of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2) up to 15 hours after first feeding of pooled colostrum. However, the net absorption of colostral immunoglobulins was not affected. The possible deleterious effect of cold stress on absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by newborn calves under range conditions is discussed.
Best practices in automated underfill dispensing (2002)

Automating the underfill dispensing process for robust production can be challenging as package sizes decrease, underfill materials advance, and tolerances tighten. The best practices for automated underfill dispensing are discussed for various types of underfill packages. The modern production environment requires "hands-off" calibration and operation. Methods for calibrating dispensing volumes are given and how they affect accuracy and overall process speed are discussed. Differences in automating dispensing for singulated packages and substrates containing multiple die are discussed. Subjects include part heating, automated alignment calibration, and controlling dispensing tolerances. Methods for fillet width control and avoiding air entrapment through the dispensing pattern are given. The advantages of multiple dispensing passes and their limitations on fillet control with fast flowing underfill materials are given. Recommendations for improvement of process speed are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of various fluid delivery technologies, with supporting data, are given. Time pressure dispensing, auger pump dispensing, and linear piston pump dispensing are included in this discussion. Data is presented which show how the underfill encapsulant rheology can be changed by the dispensing device. The goal is to provide the reader with variety of methods that will help define a robust, production ready process.
학령기 아동이 지각한 가족 특성, 경험한 아동 학대와 정신 건강과의 관계 (1997)

This study analyzes the relations between perceived family characteristics, experienced abuse and mental health in childhood. For this, this study used row data by questionnaire, analysis, and frequency, ANOVA, t - Test, Pearson' correlation analysis. The sample was 118 children 10-12 years old in p...
Determination of the field-effect mobility and the density of states of a Thin-Film Transistor* (2014)

In this project we determined some basic parameters for characterizing an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) one week after fabrication and compared them with the parameters right after fabrication, in particular the transfer characteristics, the charge carrier mobility (also known as the\nfield-effect mobility), the activation energy, and the density of states (DOS). The material which our OTFT was made of is pentacene, a widely used organic compound in OTFT fabrication.