gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atrophic Nonunions of the Proximal Ulna (2003)

Ten consecutive patients were treated by one surgeon for an atrophic nonunion of the proximal ulna. There were six men and four women with an average age of 47 years. Nine of the initial injuries were fracture-dislocations (seven posterior Monteggia lesions and two transolecranon fracture-dislocations) and one was a fracture of the proximal ulnar and radial diaphysis. The nonunion was associated with failed operative fixation in nine patients and occurred after treatment in cast in one patient. Three patients had synovial pseudarthroses and eight had bony defects. Debridement of the nonunion, autogenous cancellous bone grafting, and contoured limited-contact plate fixation were done at an average of 36 months after the original injury. The patients were followed up for an average of 39 months. Union was achieved in all 10 patients. The average arc of ulnohumeral motion was 105 degrees and the average arc of forearm rotation was 130 degrees. According to the system of Broberg and Morrey five patients had an excellent result, four had a good result, and one had a fair result. The fair result was attributable to proximal radioulnar synostosis and severe ulnohumeral arthrosis. Atrophic nonunion of fractures of the proximal ulna usually follow a complex injury treated with inadequate fixation. Stable plate fixation and autogenous bone graft predictably lead to union, but the functional result may be limited by associated problems.
Augmented Reality for Anatomical Education (2010)

The use of Virtual Environments has been widely reported as a method of teaching anatomy. Generally such environments only convey the shape of the anatomy to the student. We present the Bangor Augmented Reality Education Tool for Anatomy (BARETA), a system that combines Augmented Reality (AR) technology with models produced using Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology, to provide the student with stimulation for touch as well as sight. The principal aims of this work were to provide an interface more intuitive than a mouse and keyboard, and to evaluate such a system as a viable supplement to traditional cadaver based education.
Power Efficient Approach and Performance Control for Routers (2009)

We introduce two approaches for power saving routers, which are the power efficient designing and the power saving designing. Power efficient designing enables a high performance router at low power consumption. As a part of power efficient designing, we have integrated ASICs/FPGAs of routers and developed a scalable central architecture. Additionally, we used new high speed memories and high speed interfaces such as a SerDes. As a result, the whole power consumption of our router adopting power efficient designing was reduced over 50% compared to conventional routers. Power saving designing is an approach to cut down wasted power consumption. Two major aspects belong to power saving designing, which are static performance control and dynamic performance control. We have been studying on static performance control, such as power cutting technology per port or module, and power saving mode by frequency switching. We were successful in saving 10-20% of power compared to conventional routers using this power saving mode by frequency switching. Furthermore, we introduce the dynamic performance control as a promising power saving approach for next generation routers. The router controls its performance dynamically according to the amount of received traffic. We show two technologies needed for this approach, which are the dynamically performance controllable router architecture/circuit, and the traffic monitoring/predicting technology. We consider that working on these technologies will save more power.
Preparation of Vicinal Difunctional Compounds by the Converted Electrophilic Halogenation of Multiple Bonds (1972)

The halogenation of unsaturated compounds in various reactive solvents (water, mineral acids, lower aliphatic alcohols and acids, etc.), involving the addition of halogen and a solvent fragment at the multiple bond, is discussed. The reasons for the varying orientation in the addition of unlike species at the multiple bond, as a function of the structure of the unsaturated compound, the type of electrophilic halogen, and the nucleophile, are considered in terms of the theory of halogenonium ions. The list of references contains 132 items.
The prognostic impact of anti-cancer immune response: a novel classification of cancer patients (2011)

Until now, the anatomic extent of tumor (TNM classification) has been, by far, the most important factor to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. However, in recent years, data collected from large cohorts of human cancers demonstrated that the immune contexture of the primary tumors is an essential prognostic factor for patients' disease-free and overall survival. Global analysis of tumor microenvironment showed that the nature, the functional orientation, the density, and the location of adaptive immune cells within distinct tumor regions influence the risk of relapse events. An immune classification of the patients was proposed based on the density and the immune cell location within the tumor. The immune classification has a prognostic value that is superior to the TNM classification, and tumor invasion is statistically dependent on the host immune reaction. Tumor and immunological markers predicted by systems biology methods are involved in the shaping of an efficient immune reaction and can serve as targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Thus, the strength of the immune reaction could advance our understanding of cancer evolution and have important consequences in clinical practice.
Acoustic firearm discharge detection and classification in an enclosed environment (2016)

Two different signal processing algorithms are described for detection and classification of acoustic signals generated by firearm discharges in small enclosed spaces. The first is based on the logarithm of the signal energy. The second is a joint entropy. The current study indicates that a system using both signal energy and joint entropy would be able to both detect weapon discharges and classify weapon type, in small spaces, with high statistical certainty.
Solid hydrogen Raman shifter for the mid-infrared range (44–8 μm) (2004)

We developed a pulsed, continuously tunable laboratory laser source for the mid-infrared spectral range of 4.4-8 microm, which is characterized by the spectral linewidth of 0.4 cm(-1). The device is based on the stimulated backward Raman scattering in solid para-hydrogen at T = 4 K. It is pumped by a focused beam obtained from a commercial near-infrared optical parametric oscillator with output energy of approximately 20 mJ (7-ns pulse). Output energies range from 1.7 mJ at 4.4 microm to 120 microJ at 8 microm, which correspond to quantum efficiencies of 0.53 and 0.08, respectively. Spectra of NO, H2O, and CH4 molecules in the mid-infrared were recorded. The operation of the Raman cell pumped with 532-nm radiation was also studied.
Methionine as methyl-group donor in the synthesis of Mycobacterium avium envelope lipids, and its inhibition by DL-ethionine, D-norleucine and DL-norleucine. (1989)

The radioactivity from 3H-methyl methionine was rapidly incorporated into the surface lipids of Mycobacterium avium. The transmethylation reaction was efficiently inhibited by DL-ethionine, D-norleucine and DL-norleucine. The structure of the outerlayer of the M. avium envelope was profoundly altered in the bacteria treated with DL-norleucine.
Parameterized of Control Related States of Gen-Right k-th order system of Petri nets based on proof by model of Gen-Left (2016)

Previously, Chao pioneered the very first closed-form solution of the number of Control Related States for a k-th order system, by which formulas the number of each type of states in a particular and large Petri net can be enumerated in real-time and the possibility of launching a partial deadlock prevention/avoidance policy can be realized according to the indicator of the real-time derived future deadlock ratio. After the closed-form solution research on the Gen-Left system, this paper progresses one step further in constructing the closed-form solution for the Gen-Right system using the concept of “proof by model” of the Gen-Left system, which is a more efficient and theoretical knowledge-based analysis methodology compared to siphon net structure analysis and of which basis is the validated information of its reverse net. Due to the closed-form solution of Gen-Left and Gen-Right, we can complete the decision-making of the non-sharing resource allocation loading balance of the whole variant k-th order system and applying the solution of Gen-Left and Gen-Right a simple deadlock avoidance function algorithm is introduced in this paper.
Intelligent query answering by knowledge discovery techniques (1996)

Knowledge discovery facilitates querying database knowledge and intelligent query answering in database systems. We investigate the application of discovered knowledge, concept hierarchies, and knowledge discovery tools for intelligent query answering in database systems. A knowledge-rich data model is constructed to incorporate discovered knowledge and knowledge discovery tools. Queries are classified into data queries and knowledge queries. Both types of queries can be answered directly by simple retrieval or intelligently by analyzing the intent of query and providing generalized, neighborhood or associated information using stored or discovered knowledge. Techniques have been developed for intelligent query answering using discovered knowledge and/or knowledge discovery tools, which includes generalization, data summarization, concept clustering, rule discovery, query rewriting, deduction, lazy evaluation, application of multiple-layered databases, etc. Our study shows that knowledge discovery substantially broadens the spectrum of intelligent query answering and may have deep implications on query answering in data- and knowledge-base systems.
<title>Spectral Shaped Aperture Component</title> (1981)

A dichroic (or multichroic) beam splitter operating in the high energy laser HEL environment is called a shared aperture component and is becoming an increasingly desirable component in the design of HEL systems. At present, there are four basic types: Buried Short Period (BSP) grating, Buried Long Period (BLP) grating, Dichroic Beam Splitter (DBS) and Component Interlaced (CI) grating. The BLP and CI gratings are new types of grating that have recently been proposed and are currently under development. The four basic shared aperture components and their characteristics, their design and fabrication issues, and present technology status are described in this paper.
A new VLSI architecture of Reed Solomon decoder with erasure function (2002)

A new VLSI architecture of Reed Solomon decoder with erasure function and using a modified Euclid's algorithm to solve the key equation is presented. Its correction ability is 20 bytes/block. The block length is variable (from 96 bytes to 255 bytes). Hardware complexity is dependent only on 2t (number of parity check bytes). Due to the modified Euclid's algorithm, the hardware required for solving the RS code's key equation is reduced and the control circuitry simplified, thus this architecture is suitable for VLSI implementation. The decoder is reduced to a three stages pipelined structure. Its algorithms were simulated with C language, and over 6 million pattern were tested without mistake. The algorithm state machine (ASM) and architecture were verified with the Verilog description language, and over twelve thousand patterns were tested without mistake.
Chloroquine-Inducible Par-4 Secretion Is Essential for Tumor Cell Apoptosis and Inhibition of Metastasis (2017)

The induction of tumor suppressor proteins capable of cancer cell apoptosis represents an attractive option for the re-purposing of existing drugs. We report that the anti-malarial drug, chloroquine (CQ), is a robust inducer of Par-4 secretion from normal cells in mice and cancer patients in a clinical trial. CQ-inducible Par-4 secretion triggers paracrine apoptosis of cancer cells and also inhibits metastatic tumor growth. CQ induces Par-4 secretion via the classical secretory pathway that requires the activation of p53. Mechanistically, p53 directly induces Rab8b, a GTPase essential for vesicle transport of Par-4 to the plasma membrane prior to secretion. Our findings indicate that CQ induces p53- and Rab8b-dependent Par-4 secretion from normal cells for Par-4-dependent inhibition of metastatic tumor growth.
Online marketing handbook: how to promote, advertise, and sell your products and services on the Internet (1998)

From the Publisher:
Online Marketing Handbook opens your eyes to the vast and varied possibilities of promoting and selling products and services in cyberspace. Written by and for the professional marketer, it is the most comprehensive, step-by-step source of online marketing ideas, tips, and techniques available in one source. Everything you need to know to harness the full power of the Internet for your promotional, advertising, and selling endeavors is here. This edition includes the latest groundbreaking ideas, methods, and successes, plus dozens of new examples and case studies from dynamic companies around the world. Written in clear, concise language, this new edition includes proven strategies for incorporating the Internet and/or commercial online services (AOL, CompuServe) into your marketing plans, in ways that enhance revenues, reduce costs, maximize productivity, and increase customer value.
A distinct cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1998)

The activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) requires phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the T-loop catalyzed by CDK-activating kinases (CAKs). Thus far no functional CAK homologue has been reported in plants. We screened an Arabidopsis cDNA expression library for complementation of a budding yeast CAK mutant. A cDNA, cak1At, was isolated that suppressed the CAK mutation in budding yeast, and it also complemented a fission yeast CAK mutant. cak1At encodes a protein related to animal CAKs. The CAK similarity was restricted to the conserved kinase domains, leading to classification of Cak1At as a distinct CDK in the phylogenetic tree. Immunoprecipitates with the anti-Cak1At antibody phosphorylated human CDK2 at the threonine residue (T160) within the T-loop and activated its activity to phosphorylate histone H1. Whereas CAKs in animals and fission yeast are involved in regulation of the cell cycle and basal transcription by phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, Cak1At did not phosphorylate the CTD. An Arabidopsis CTD-kinase isolated separately from Cak1At was shown to interact with the yeast protein p13(suc1), but it had no CDK2-kinase activity. Therefore, the CTD of RNA polymerase II is probably phosphorylated by a Cdc2-related kinase distinct from Cak1At. cak1At is a single-copy gene in Arabidopsis and is highly expressed in proliferating cells of suspension cultures.
Asymmetric Crotylation Reactions on Solid Support:  Synthesis of Stereochemically Well-Defined Polypropionate-Like Subunits (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Crotylation Reactions on Solid Support: Synthesis of Stereochemically Well-Defined Polypropionate-Like SubunitsJames S. Panek and Bin ZhuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 49, 12022–12023Publication Date (Web):December 10, 1997Publication History Received15 August 1997Published online10 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja972877cCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (179 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Chemical reactions,Ethers,Group 14 compounds,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Hemodynamic function in acute pancreatitis. (1988)

Acute pancreatitis is often associated with impaired cardiovascular function. This study examined the systemic cardiovascular effect of acute pancreatitis induced by injection of autologous bile (0.5 ml/kg) into the canine pancreatic duct. After acute pancreatitis was induced, eight dogs were given no resuscitation (group 1, untreated pancreatitis), and lactated Ringer's solution was infused in 11 dogs (group II, treated pancreatitis) to maintain mean arterial pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure at control values. In the untreated pancreatitis group, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and stroke work values decreased (mean arterial pressure from 101 +/- 4 to 74 +/- 12 mm Hg, cardiac output from 118 +/- 7 to 56.2 +/- 1.1 ml/min/kg; stroke volume from 0.93 +/- 0.08 to 0.22 +/- 0.07 ml/beat/kg; p less than 0.05), whereas heart rate and peripheral resistance increased (heart rate from 125 +/- 7 to 185 +/- 10 beats/min, peripheral vascular resistance from 3130 +/- 410 to 4436 +/- 610 dynes/sec/cm5; p less than 0.05). Although coronary blood flow, endocardial-epicardial flow ratio, and myocardial oxygen delivery values decreased progressively in group I after induction of pancreatitis, these changes did not achieve statistical significance. All indices of cardiovascular function and coronary blood flow remained unchanged in group II. Neither dP/dt max, the maximal rate of left ventricular pressure increase, nor dP/dt at a developed pressure of 40 mm Hg (an index of myocardial contractility minimally affected by changes in preload and afterload) were depressed by bile-induced acute canine pancreatitis in either group. Our data indicate that the detrimental effects of acute pancreatitis on cardiovascular function are related solely to hypovolemia and reduced cardiac filling and not to humoral or reflex effects induced by the disease.
A polymer electrode with variable conductivity: polypyrrole (1980)

Thin films of the ‘metallic’ polymer, polypyrrrole, when adhered to a platinum electrode surface, can be repeatedly driven between the conducting and insulating state with E°′ near –220 mV vs. the sodium chloride calomel electrode.
Three-Dimensional Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers Based on <i>m</i>-Pyridinecarboxylates:  Synthesis, X-ray Structures, and Magnetic Properties (2000)

3-D manganese(II) coordination polymers bis(nicotinato)manganese, 1, and bis[4-(3-pyridyl)ethynylbenzoato]manganese, 2, were synthesized under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit remarkably similar network topologies probably as a result of the same bent configurations and rigid structures of the m-pyridinecarboxylate ligands. Magnetic measurements of 1 and 2 indicate dominant antiferromagnetic interactions along the carboxylate-bridged Mn(II)−Mn(II) chains, and they represent new examples of one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains.
Improving Performance, Power, and Area by Optimizing Gear Ratio of Gate-Metal Pitches in Sub-10nm Node CMOS Designs (2018)

This paper presents improvements in performance, power, and area (PPA) obtained by optimizing the gear ratio (GR) between the Gate and vertical metal layer pitches in standard cells in sub-10nm node CMOS SoC designs. Changing the GR from 1:1 to 3:2 leads to better pin accessibility, routability, and higher cell density. This in turn enables a gate pitch relaxation and associated improvements in cell delay. Implementation of 3:2 GR ultra-dense cells in an SoC CPU block results in up to 17% higher performance, 4% smaller logic size, and 8% lower dynamic power at typical PVT conditions.
Guerra y guerra justa en los escritos de Rábano Mauro (2020)

La historia de la expansion del Reino de los Francos bajo el dominio carolingio es un tema ampliamente explorado por la historiografia tanto desde el punto de vista de la expansion militar en si misma como por sus consecuencias politicas, culturales, religiosas y economicas para el Occidente latino. Sin embargo, aunque la guerra fue un factor fundamental en esa expansion, no se ha estudiado profundamente que significaba ese fenomeno para los teologos carolingios. Este articulo busca responder parcialmente a este problema a traves del estudio de los textos de Rabano Mauro en los que el autor trato acerca de la guerra y sobre todo de la guerra justa.
Development of a low voltage source driver for large TFT-LCD system for computer applications (2002)

A 3-b digital source driver driven by a single +5-V power source has been developed for large TFT-LCD (thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display) panels already under mass production. The maximum sampling speed of this driver is up to 20 MHz, more than three times as fast as the traditional analog sampling driver. The new driver's LSI chip is a square about 30 mm/sup 2/, smaller than half the square made under the hybrid process. A new technology was developed to drive this driver, i.e., alternating the grey level voltage and also alternating the Vcom inversely with the polarity. With this new driver and its driving mechanism, a 10.4-in CA (computer application) TFT-LCD system has been mass-produced that can generate 512 colors simultaneously for every panel pixel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The human interleukin-2 receptor β-chain gene: genomic organization, promoter analysis and chromosomal assignment (1990)

The chromosomal gene for the human interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain (IL-2R beta) was isolated and characterized. The entire IL-2R beta gene is composed of ten exons spanning about 24.3 kilobases, in which the protein is encoded by the exons 2-10. The cysteine rich extracellular region which displays a significant evolutionary resemblance to other cytokine receptors, as well as growth hormone and prolactin receptors, is encoded primarily by exons 3 and 4, whereas the membrane proximal, cysteine poor domain showing a homology with type III modules of fibronectin is encoded by exon 7. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region revealed the presence of potential binding sites for transcription factors such as Octamer binding factors, AP-1, AP-2 as well as the 'GC-clusters'. At least five potential cap sites were identified by S1 mapping analysis. The 850 bp DNA sequence of the 5'-flanking region exhibited constitutive promoter activity when it was linked upstream of the HSV-tk reporter gene and then transfected into YT cells, a human leukemic cell line. By applying the RFLP linkage analysis, the IL-2R beta gene has been assigned to chromosome 22q12-13.