gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of glutamine and arginase in protection against ammonia-induced cell death in gastric epithelial cells (2002)

Ammonia is a cytotoxic factor produced during Helicobacter pylori infection that may reduce the survival of surface epithelial cells. Here we examine whether ammonia kills cells and whether L-glutamine (L-Gln) protects against cell death by stimulating ammonia detoxification pathways. Cell viability and vacuolation were quantified in rat gastric epithelial (RGM1) cells incubated with ammonium chloride at pH 7.4 in the presence or absence of L-Gln. Incubation of RGM1 cells with ammonium chloride caused a dose-dependent increase in cell death and vacuolation, which were both inhibited by L-Gln. We show that RGM1 cells metabolize ammonia to urea via arginase, a process that is stimulated by L-Gln and results in reduced ammonia cytotoxicity. L-Gln also inhibits the uptake and facilitates the extrusion of ammonia from cells. Blockade of glutamine synthetase did not reduce the survival of RGM1 cells, demonstrating that the conversion of L-glutamate and ammonia to L-Gln is not involved in ammonia detoxification. Thus our data support a role for L-Gln and arginase in protection against ammonia-induced cell death in gastric epithelial cells.
Student internships: developing real world skills for real world problem solutions (2008)

This paper discusses a software engineering project and its results as accomplished by a student through a summer internship program. It involves a streaming video surveillance system, which contains four main parts: IP based camera(s) streaming MJPEG, a main encoding server, a central distribution server and a set of clients.
Acute Effects of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs on the Release of Dopamine from Prefrontal Cortex, Nucleus Accumbens, and Striatum of the Rat: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study (1990)

In vivo microdialysis has been used to study the acute effects of antipsychotic drugs on the extracellular level of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens, striatum, and prefrontal cortex of the rat. (-)-Sulpiride (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg i.v.) and haloperidol (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg i.v.) enhanced the outflow of dopamine in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. In the medial prefrontal cortex, (-)-sulpiride at all doses tested did not significantly affect the extracellular level of dopamine. The effect of haloperidol was also attenuated in the medial prefrontal cortex; 0.1 mg/kg did not increase the outflow of dopamine and the effect of 0.5 mg/kg haloperidol was of shorter duration in the prefrontal cortex than that observed in striatum and nucleus accumbens. The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the extracellular concentration of dopamine in all three regions. In contrast to the effects of sulpiride and haloperidol, that of clozapine in the medial prefrontal cortex was profound. These data suggest that different classes of antipsychotic drugs may have distinct effects on the release of dopamine from the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical terminals.
Holographic patterning of polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials for diffractive optical elements (2006)

Liquid crystals are a soft condensed matter phase that share properties with both isotropic liquids and crystalline solids. Composite materials formed from both low molecular weight liquid crystals and polymers are of both fundamental and technological importance. One method for preparing dispersions of polymers and liquid crystals is polymerization-induced phase separation. Photo-polymerization induced phase separation utilizes a mixture of a liquid crystal and a photo curable polymer contained between two indium tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. Irradiation of the homogeneous pre-polymer mixture initiates polymerization, which in turn induces a phase separation between the polymer and liquid crystal. Holographically patterned polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) are a recent descendent of the conventional PDLCs. Rather than a random dispersion of droplets, holographic exposure is used to selectively pattern the liquid crystal phase in well-defined planes creating diffractive optical elements. H-PDLCs can operate in the transmission or reflection diffractive modes, depending on the experimental geometry, and can be switched on and off with voltages just as conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). The realization of a switchable H-PDLC Bragg and Raman-Nath transmission and Bragg reflection gratings written with the 632.8 nm wavelength of He-Ne laser are developed and investigated. The observation of well-defined periodic grating structures, which are characterized with grating periods of 210 nm - 10.5 micron, are discussed in detail. Polymer functionality effects on formation kinetics along with morphology development are examined along with effects of externally applied electric fields on the diffraction efficiency and switching times. Theoretical models for these data are discussed and compared. Future research in this area along with initial experimental results in a new operational mode, the so called &quot;Reverse Mode&quot;, are also examined and discussed.
Predicted mbira found (2013)

This article is written as a follow-up to my article â€œThe original African mbira?â€ (1972). I can report that an instrument which I predicted to have existed in that article actually did/does exist! In the original article I compared the tuning layouts of two related present-day members of the mbira family, hera, also called matepe, (found in northern Zimbabwe and northeast Zimbabwe into Mozambique) and nyonganyonga (found in central Mozambique, from Mutare, Zimbabwe to Beira, Mozambique and also into southern Malawi).
Design of survivable communications networks under performance constraints (1991)

The authors describe a network design algorithm that uses a set of deterministic connectivity measures which result in topologically survivable network designs that also meet processing and performance requirements. The authors briefly describe some applicable graph theoretic concepts and recently developed connectivity measures. They describe systematic procedures for improving the topological survivability of a network, and the overall network design process. A design example is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Substrate noise coupling through planar spiral inductor (1998)

While precious studies on substrate coupling focused mostly on noise induced through drain-bulk capacitance, substrate coupling from planar spiral inductors at radiofrequency (RF) via the oxide capacitance has not been reported. This paper presents the experimental and simulation results of substrate noise induced through planar inductors. Experimental and simulation results reveal that isolation between inductor and noise source is less than -30 dB at 1 GHz. Separation by distance reduces coupling by less than 2 dB in most practical cases. Practical examples reveal an obstacle in integrating RF tuned-gain amplifier with sensitive RF receiver circuits on the same die. Simulation results indicate that hollow inductors have advantages not only in having a higher self-resonant frequency, but also in reducing substrate noise as compared to conventional inductors. The effectiveness of using a broken guard ring in reducing inductor induced substrate noise is also examined.
Some Aspects of the Syntax and Semantics of the "Lian.... Ye/Dou" Construction in Mandarin (1979)

Paris Marie-Claude. Some aspects of the syntax and semantics of the lian...ye/dou construction in Mandarin. In: Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale, vol. 5, 1979. pp. 47-70.
High-efficiency inverter with H6-type configuration for photovoltaic non-isolated ac module applications (2010)

A novel, high-efficiency inverter using MOSFETs for all active switches is presented for photovoltaic, non-isolated, AC module applications. The proposed H6-type configuration features high efficiency over a wide load range, low ground leakage current, no need for split capacitors, and low output AC-current distortion. The detailed power stage operating principles, PWM scheme, and novel bootstrap power supply for the proposed inverter are described. Experimental results of a 300 W hardware prototype show that not only are MOSFET body diode reverse-recovery and ground leakage current issues alleviated in the proposed inverter, but also that 98.3% maximum efficiency and 98.1% European Union efficiency are achieved.
Thymosin fraction V and intensive combination chemotherapy. Prolonging the survival of patients with small-cell lung cancer (1979)

Patients with small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma who received intensive remission-induction chemotherapy randomly received either thymosin fraction V, 60 mg /sq m or 20 mg /sq m twice weekly, or no thymosin treatment during the initial six weeks of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was then continued for two years. Thymosin administration did not increase the complete response rate. Patients receiving thymosin, 60 mg/sq m, had significantly prolonged survival times relative to the other treatment groups. This benefit was due to prolonged relapse-free survival in complete responders to treatment. The mechanism by which thymosin increased survival duration is unclear but may relate to restoration of immune deficits due to disease or treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1813-1815, 1979)
On improving the accuracy of the Hough transform: theory, simulations, and experiments (2003)

The authors present two methods for very-high-precision estimation of straight-line parameters from the Hough transform and compare them with the standard method of taking the absolute peak in the Hough array and with least-squares fitting using both extensive simulation and a number of tests with real target images. Both methods use preprocessing and interpolation in the Hough array, and are based on compensating for effects that cause a spreading of the peak in Hough space. By interpolation, the authors achieve accuracy better than the accumulator cell size. A complete set of simulations show that the two methods produce similar results, which are much better than taking the absolute peak in Hough space. They also compare well with least-square fitting, which was considered optimal in the case of zero mean noise. Results of experiments with real images are reported, confirming that the Hough transform can yield very accurate results, almost as good as least-squares fitting for zero mean noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An investigation into the simultaneous enzymatic and SERRS properties of silver nanoparticles (2013)

Investigation into the use of artificial enzymes has become an increasingly popular area of research due to the numerous advantages offered in comparison to protein enzymes. One particular area of research interest involves the use of metal nanoparticles as artificial enzymes. The peroxidase-like activity of a variety of nanoparticles has recently been shown and their use in a range of assay formats for the detection of various analytes has been explored. Herein the enzyme mimicking activity of silver nanoparticles is investigated using the peroxidase substrate 3,3',5',5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The peroxidase-like nature of these nanoparticles can be used in combination with surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) to provide a novel spectroscopic method of analysis. Negatively charged silver nanoparticles were investigated in combination with TMB using SERRS and it was found that upon formation of the oxidation intermediate of TMB, small clusters of positively charged nanoparticles were formed. The enzyme like behaviour of silver nanoparticles along with their use as a SERRS substrate is combined to demonstrate a simple and rapid method for the direct detection of hydrogen peroxide with a detection limit of 100 nM.
Validation of a Laparoscopic Ferromagnetic Technology-based Vessel Sealing Device and Comparative Study to Ultrasonic and Bipolar Laparoscopic Devices (2017)

The Laparoscopic FMsealer is an effective tool for sealing and dividing blood vessels and vascularized tissue and compares favorably to current technologies in clinically relevant end points.
An 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) Polymorphism Explains Differences in Binding Affinity of the PET Radioligand PBR28 (2011)

[(11)C]PBR28 binds the 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) and is used in positron emission tomography (PET) to detect microglial activation. However, quantitative interpretations of signal are confounded by large interindividual variability in binding affinity, which displays a trimodal distribution compatible with a codominant genetic trait. Here, we tested directly for an underlying genetic mechanism to explain this. Binding affinity of PBR28 was measured in platelets isolated from 41 human subjects and tested for association with polymorphisms in TSPO and genes encoding other proteins in the TSPO complex. Complete agreement was observed between the TSPO Ala147Thr genotype and PBR28 binding affinity phenotype (P value=3.1 × 10(-13)). The TSPO Ala147Thr polymorphism predicts PBR28 binding affinity in human platelets. As all second-generation TSPO PET radioligands tested hitherto display a trimodal distribution in binding affinity analogous to PBR28, testing for this polymorphism may allow quantitative interpretation of TSPO PET studies with these radioligands.
Man-machine interfaces, trends and needs (2002)

Today's sophisticated digital drives provide an abundance of control and diagnostic data for which a man-machine interface is required in order for the operator to interact with the machine. This paper describes the application of off-the-shelf graphical user interface development software and personal computers. To provide the man-machine interface for a paper machine winder and paper machine drive system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SOME PARA-PHENOXY-UREAS AND THIO-UREAS DERIVED FROM PARA-PHENOXY-ANILINE. THE EFFECT OF THE PHENOXY GROUP ON THE TASTE (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME PARA-PHENOXY-UREAS AND THIO-UREAS DERIVED FROM PARA-PHENOXY-ANILINE. THE EFFECT OF THE PHENOXY GROUP ON THE TASTEN. A. Lange and W. Robert ReedCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 4, 1069–1074Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1926https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01415a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (413 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Retro aza Diels-Alder reactions of 2-azanorbornenes: improved methods for the unmasking of primary amines (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRetro aza Diels-Alder reactions of 2-azanorbornenes: improved methods for the unmasking of primary aminesPaul A. Grieco and Jerry D. ClarkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 8, 2271–2272Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00295a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00295a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma Catalysis: Synergistic Effects at the Nanoscale (2015)

Thermal-catalytic gas processing is integral to many current industrial processes. Ever-increasing demands on conversion and energy efficiencies are a strong driving force for the development of alternative approaches. Similarly, synthesis of several functional materials (such as nanowires and nanotubes) demands special processing conditions. Plasma catalysis provides such an alternative, where the catalytic process is complemented by the use of plasmas that activate the source gas. This combination is often observed to result in a synergy between plasma and catalyst. This Review introduces the current state-of-the-art in plasma catalysis, including numerous examples where plasma catalysis has demonstrated its benefits or shows future potential, including CO2 conversion, hydrocarbon reforming, synthesis of nanomaterials, ammonia production, and abatement of toxic waste gases. The underlying mechanisms governing these applications, as resulting from the interaction between the plasma and the catalyst, render the process highly complex, and little is known about the factors leading to the often-observed synergy. This Review critically examines the catalytic mechanisms relevant to each specific application.
A fast degradation-free algorithm for DCT block extraction in the compressed domain (1999)

A fast, degradation-free solution for the DCT block extraction problem is proposed. The problem is defined as extracting a DCT block from a DCT compressed frame composed of DCT blocks. This problem is encountered in both video/image manipulations in the compressed domain and transcodecs, for example, converting from MPEG to Motion JPEG. Traditionally, solutions involve using the pixel domain manipulation or Chang's (1992) algorithm with approximations. The new solution expands Chang's algorithms, takes full advantage of a fast DCT algorithm, and exploits characteristics of the input DCT blocks without any approximation. The new DCT block extraction achieves 70% performance improvement without any degradation of image quality compared with the conventional solutions.
An Architecture to Support Model Driven Software Visualization (2006)

Program comprehension tools are a valuable resource for navigating and understanding large software systems. Package explorers, fan-in/fan-out views, dependency graphs and coverage analysis are example contributions from the program comprehension community. While many of these research projects have lead to exciting enhancements in our field, many other projects have failed to be adopted because of poor interface design or lack of integration with existing tools. Designing, building, integrating and evaluating interfaces is a challenge to software engineering researchers. In this paper we borrow from the field of model driven engineering (MDE) to assist with the creation of highly customizable interfaces for software visualization. MDE moves the level of abstraction from implementation to design, and help improve the efficiency of building software visualizations. By moving away from implementation details, and providing researchers with the ability to customize their visualizations in an efficient manner, software engineers have more resources to design and evaluate their ideas
The pycnogonid genus Propallene Schimkewitsch, 1909 (1975)

The type material of Pallene (now Propallene) longiceps Böhm, 1879, from Enosima (Enoshima), Japan, is re-described. A new species of Propallene, P. ardua, is described from shallow waters and plankton tows near Kunduchi, Tanzania. Remarks on other species of the genus are provided, as well as a key to the species actually included in Propallene,
Real-Time Measurement of Temporal Response of a Spin-Torque Oscillator to Magnetic Pulses (2010)

A read head based on a spin-torque oscillator (STO) has been proposed for the high-density magnetic recording beyond 2 Tbit/in.2. To evaluate the stability and agility of the oscillation, we conduct a real-time measurement of the STO waveform under a magnetic pulse (∼60 Oe) in the nanosecond region, and estimate its instantaneous frequency. Stable oscillation is sustained in the presence of the magnetic pulse, and the frequency shift is clearly observed, indicating that the STO frequency responds to the change in magnetic field in less than 1 ns.
Role of <i>CIS</i> in Replication of an IncB Plasmid (1999)

Replication of the IncB plasmid pMU720 requires the synthesis of the cis-acting RepA protein and the presence of two DNA elements, ori and CIS. CIS is the 166-bp sequence separating the RepA coding sequence from ori. To investigate how this organization of the pMU720 replicon contributes to the mechanism of initiation of replication, mutations in the sequence and/or the length of CIS were introduced into the CIS region and their effects on the efficiency of replication of the pMU720 replicon in vivo was determined. The CIS region was found to be composed of two domains. The repA-proximal domain, which showed strong transcription termination activity, could be replaced by equivalent sequences from I-complex and IncL/M plasmids, whose replicons are organized in the same fashion as pMU720. Replacement by a trpA transcription terminator afforded only partial replication activity. The repA-distal domain was shown to be a spacer whose role was to position sequence(s) within ori on the correct face of the DNA helix vis-à-vis the repA-proximal portion of CIS. A model for the loading of RepA protein onto ori is discussed.
A Prospective Nationwide Study of Clostridium difficile‐Associated Diarrhea in Sweden (1998)

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is regarded as an emerging nosocomial infection. All patients positive for C. difficile in Sweden were recorded during 1995, including primary care patients. Those positive for toxin in feces were defined as CDAD cases. A total of 5,133 CDAD cases were recorded (58 per 100,000 inhabitants per year), as compared with 86 cases diagnosed in 1978 and 553 in 1983. CDAD was almost twice as prevalent as all (combined) diagnosed domestic cases of reportable bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. The age-specific incidence was little affected by gender but increased > 10-fold over the age range of 60-98 years. The differences in overall CDAD incidence were sixfold between counties and threefold between major hospitals. Among hospitalized patients the incidences were highest in geriatric/rehabilitation wards, followed by infectious diseases and internal medicine wards; 28% of all cases involved no recent hospitalization and were defined as community-acquired CDAD.