gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Audiometric changes associated with the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with co-artemether (2004)

Animal studies have demonstrated artemisinin brain stem toxicity with auditory centres being especially affected; there has, to date, been no evidence of such toxicity with oral artemisinins in humans. Subjects working at a construction site in Mozambique had audiometric assessments taken on joining and leaving the project. Subjects with uncomplicated malarias received co-artemether (artemether-lumefantrine) (n = 150) while age-, gender-, weight- and race-matched controls (n = 150) neither suffered malaria nor received antimalarial therapy. Hearing thresholds were measured at predefined frequencies in treated subjects and controls. Subjects receiving co-artemether had a significantly greater heating loss than controls at all frequencies except 250 Hz and 500 Hz (P values ranging from <0.001 to 0.04, Mann-Whitney U). Mean changes at the different frequencies in subjects ranged from -6.50 dB (95% CI -8.19 to -4.81) [at 1kHz frequency] to -0.07 dB (95% CI -2.19 to 2.05) [at 6 kHz frequency]. Mean changes in the control group ranged from -4.20 dB (95% CI -5.97 to -2.43) [at 1 kHz frequency] to +2.7 dB (95% CI -0.93 to 4.47) [at 6 kHz frequency]. Treatment of uncomplicated malaria with co-artemether is associated with hearing loss, possibly from synergy between potentially ototoxic agents in combination. The safety and neurotoxicity of artemesinins and other endoperoxides needs to be more fully evaluated.
Enhanced backscattering of polarized light from discrete random media: calculations in exactly the backscattering direction (1992)

Enhanced backscattering of polarized light by disordered media composed of independently scattering particles of arbitrary size and shape is studied theoretically. Rigorous relations between the cyclical and the ladder parts of the backscattering matrix in exactly the backscattering direction are derived for three commonly used representations of polarization, and the corresponding polarization backscattering enhancement factors are introduced. The ladder part of the Stokes-backscattering matrix is calculated by solving Chandrasekhar’s vector radiative transfer equation [ Radiative Transfer ( Clarendon, London, 1950)]. The general properties of the enhancement factors are studied, and the results of numerical computations are reported for finite and semi-infinite homogeneous slabs composed of spherical and randomly oriented nonspherical particles. It is shown that the enhancement factors depend strongly on the direction of light incidence, the optical thickness of the medium, the true absorption, and the particle size and shape.
Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Nylon-11 and -12 Compared with Those Based on Nylon-6 (2004)

An in-depth analysis was made on the effect of polyamide repeat structure on the morphology and mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on nylon-6, nylon-11, and nylon-12. Special care was taken to make comparisons under fixed thermal and rheological conditions. Increasing the aliphatic content relative to nylon-6 results in a decrease in the extent of organoclay exfoliation as revealed by transmission electron photomicrographs. The extent of platelet separation as judged by low-angle X-ray scattering is more complicated for nylon-11 and -12 nanocomposites than those based on nylon-6 due the presence of crystalline peaks associated with the polyamide matrix. An "exfoliation index" is used to compare stiffness effects observed in the different nanocomposites due to the large difference in the modulus of nylon-6 as compared to nylon-11 and -12. Interestingly, the exfoliation efficiency parallels morphological trends in that nylon-6 exhibits higher efficiencies than the more aliphatic nylon-11 and -12 based nanocomposites. Izod impact strengths for nanocomposites based on nylon-6 are virtually insensitive to clay content for the concentrations examined, while those for nanocomposites based on nylon-11 and -12 decreases dramatically with increasing clay concentration; this behavior is believed to stem primarily from the location of the Izod ductile-to-brittle transition temperature relative to the ambient testing temperature for the three different types of nanocomposites. In addition to repeat structure investigations, a cursory examination of the effect of nylon-6 end groups was performed.
In vitro susceptibility of human vascular wall cells to infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (1995)

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of C. pneumoniae in coronary and aortic atherosclerotic lesions. To study the role of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerosis, we investigated the susceptibilities of three different cells of the human vascular wall to infection with C. pneumoniae AR-39. These cell types were endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes. Infection was assessed by using a direct fluorescent antibody to assess inclusion counts. Duplicate cell samples were harvested 3 days postinfection and were passed in HL cells, a susceptible human epithelial cell line, to determine if infectious organisms were produced. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages were capable of supporting C. pneumoniae growth in vitro. These results showed that three different cell types known to be important in atherogenesis are susceptible to infection with C. pneumoniae.
George Abdo and His Flames of Araby Orchestra: Belly Dance! (2002)

Known as "The King of Belly Dance Music," George Abdo and his Flames of Araby Orchestra combine Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Armenian, Greek, and Turkish musical traditions to create a uniquely American belly dance soundscape. Abdo's music is based on the repertoire, instrumentation, and performance styles of the Middle East while also incorporating influences from American pop and jazz. A prototype for "World Beat," Abdo and His Flames of Araby helped bring Middle Eastern music and belly dancing to mainstream North American audiences. Culled from his 5 best-selling albums, this compilation showcases rich vocals and lively rhythms played on violin, oboe, 'ud, qanun, darbukka, and bouzoukee as well as guitar, piano, bass, and drums. Extensive notes, photos, 15 tracks, 75 minutes.
Practical Aspects of the Equation-Error Method for Aircraft Parameter Estimation (2006)

Various practical aspects of the equation-error approach to aircraft parameter estimation were examined. The analysis was based on simulated flight data from an F-16 nonlinear simulation, with realistic noise sequences added to the computed aircraft responses. This approach exposes issues related to the parameter estimation techniques and results, because the true parameter values are known for simulation data. The issues studied include differentiating noisy time series, maximum likelihood parameter estimation, biases in equation-error parameter estimates, accurate computation of estimated parameter error bounds, comparisons of equation-error parameter estimates with output-error parameter estimates, analyzing data from multiple maneuvers, data collinearity, and frequency-domain methods.
Differential inhibition of histone and polyamine acetylases by multisubstrate analogs (1984)

Mammalian cells contain a number of enzymes catalyzing the acetylation of polyamines and histones including an inducible spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase which may play a key role in regulating the interconversion of polyamines [Matsui, I., Wiegand, L., & Pegg, A. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2454-2459]. The present experiments were carried out in order to provide a method to distinguish this enzyme from other polyamine/histone acetylases and to test whether specific inhibitors of its activity could be obtained. Rabbit antiserum to homogeneous rat liver spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase had no effect on the activity of a crude nuclear extract from rat liver, indicating that its spermidine acetylating capability is not related to the cytosolic spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase induced by hepatotoxins. Potential multisubstrate analogues were prepared by attaching various polyamines to coenzyme A via an acetic acid linkage and tested as potential inhibitors of the acetylation of spermidine and histones. There was little difference in the potency of these polyamine derivatives as inhibitors of histone or spermidine acetylation by the crude nuclear extracts which appeared to contain at least two such activities, one inhibited completely by 20-30 microM and the other amounting to 50% of the total being unaffected by 100 microM. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase was also inhibited by all the derivatives, but the potency toward this enzyme differed widely. The derivative from sym-norspermidine was a very strong inhibitor, giving 50% inhibition at 0.3 microM, and was more than 1 order of magnitude more active than the others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chromosome 11q13 abnormalities in human breast cancer. (1993)

Amplification of markers centred on band q13 of human chromosome 11 is a consistent feature in a subset of oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Although the amplification was initially scored via FGF3/INT2, which has strong credentials as a mammary oncogene, current data suggest that some other gene on 11q13 provides the driving force for amplification. Here we have reviewed our understanding of the amplified DNA, the genes it encompasses and the evidence in favour of two candidate oncogenes, CCND1 and EMS1. As well as being among the most frequently amplified markers in the region, these genes are expressed at elevated levels as a consequence of amplification, and their predicted functions would be consistent with a role in tumorigenesis. Irrespective of the final conclusions regarding their biological relevance, the overexpression of CCND1 or EMS1 should provide a more amenable assay for the amplification and help to clarify its clinical significance.
Evolution of peptidoglycan biosynthesis under the selective pressure of antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria (2008)

Acquisition of resistance to the two classes of antibiotics therapeutically used against Gram-positive bacteria, the glycopeptides and the beta-lactams, has revealed an unexpected flexibility in the peptidoglycan assembly pathway. Glycopeptides select for diversification of the fifth position of stem pentapeptides because replacement of D-Ala by D-lactate or D-Ser at this position prevents binding of the drugs to peptidoglycan precursors. The substitution is generally well tolerated by the classical D,D-transpeptidases belonging to the penicillin-binding protein family, except by low-affinity enzymes. Total elimination of the fifth residue by a D,D-carboxypeptidase requires a novel cross-linking enzyme able to process the resulting tetrapeptide stems. This enzyme, an L,D-transpeptidase, confers cross-resistance to beta-lactams and glycopeptides. Diversification of the side chain of the precursors, presumably in response to the selective pressure of peptidoglycan endopeptidases, is controlled by aminoacyl transferases of the Fem family that redirect specific aminoacyl-tRNAs from translation to peptidoglycan synthesis. Diversification of the side chains has been accompanied by a parallel divergent evolution of the substrate specificity of the L,D-transpeptidases, in contrast to the D,D-transpeptidases, which display an unexpected broad specificity. This review focuses on the role of antibiotics in selecting or counter-selecting diversification of the structure of peptidoglycan precursors and their mode of polymerization.
Occult Cushing’s Syndrome in Type-2 Diabetes (2003)

Subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) caused by adrenal incidentalomas is frequently associated with overweight and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome X may therefore be a clue to the presence of CS. However, the incidence of CS in this situation remains unknown. We have conducted a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of occult CS in overweight, type-2 diabetic patients devoided of specific clinical symptoms of CS. Two hundred overweight, type-2 diabetic patients, consecutively referred for poor metabolic control (HbA(1C) > 8%), were studied as inpatients. A first screening step was performed with the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) using a revised criterion for cortisol suppression (60 nmol/liter) to maximize the sensitivity of the procedure. A second confirmatory step of biochemical investigations (midnight plasma cortisol concentration, plasma cortisol circadian rhythm, morning plasma ACTH concentration, 24-h urinary free cortisol, and 4-mg i.v. DST) was performed in patients with impaired 1-mg DST. A third step of imaging studies was performed according to the results of second-step investigations. Fifty-two patients had impaired 1-mg DST. Among these, 47 were further evaluated. Thirty were considered as false positives of the 1-mg DST, whereas 17 displayed at least one additional biological abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Definitive occult CS was identified in four patients (2% of the whole series) with Cushing's disease (n = 3) and surgically proven adrenal adenoma (n = 1). Definitive diagnosis remains to be established in seven additional patients (3.5%) with mild occult CS associated with unsuppressed plasma ACTH concentrations and a unilateral adrenal tumor of 10-29 mm in size showing prevalent uptake at radiocholesterol scintigraphy. In conclusion, a relatively high prevalence of occult CS was found in our study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the cure of occult CS on obesity and diabetes mellitus in these patients. Such studies might provide a rationale for systematic screening of occult CS in this population.
Comparison of composition and atomic structure of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistor before and after positive bias temperature stress by transmission electron microscopy (2015)

In this paper high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis is performed on indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors to determine the crystal structure of the material. The relative elemental concentrations of indium, gallium, zinc and oxygen were quantified and analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy before and after subjection to positive gate bias temperature stress at 80 °C. Notable changes in the concentration of oxygen in the device channel were observed along with a reduced concentration of the elements indium, gallium and zinc after electrical stressing. We speculate this relative reduction in metal concentration could be attributed to the outdiffusion of metal ions from the channel region into the surrounding thermal oxide and the increase in the oxygen concentration in the stressed device is related to electric field assisted adsorption of oxygen from the ambient.
Synthesis and properties of poly(aryl ether sulfone)s containing the phthalazinone moiety (1998)

Three series of poly(aryl ether sulfone)s (PAESs) containing the phthalazinone moiety in the polymer backbone were synthesized by solution polycondensation of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone with three commercial bisphenols and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-phthalazin-1-one. Bisphenol-A, hydroquinone, and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, or bisphenol-S, were selected as the commercial bisphenols for copolymerization. The synthesized polymers exhibited very high glass transition temperatures and excellent thermooxidative properties. They also showed superior mechanical properties and fair rheological properties. The introduction of relatively flexible moieties, such as benzene rings, onto the poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone) (PPES) chain led to a decrease in glass transition temperature with respect to the phthalazinone homopolymer. However, the processability of PPES was improved dramatically by the addition of these commercial bisphenols. The properties of synthesized PAESs can be tailored by changing the molar ratios of bisphenols to phthalazinone monomer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68:137–143, 1998
Non-EquilibriumPhonon Distributions in Sub-100nm SiliconTransistors (2005)

Abstract Intense electron-phonon scattering near the peak electric field in a semiconductor device results in nanometer-scale phonon hotspots. Past studies have argued that ballistic phonon transport near such hotspots serves to restrict heat conduction. We reexamine this assertion by developing a new phonon transport model. In a departure from previous studies, we treat isotropic dispersion in all phonon branches and include a phonon emission spectrum from independent Monte Carlo simulations of electron-phonon scattering. We cast the model in terms of a non-equilibrium phonon distribution function and compare predictions from this model with data for ballistic transport in silicon. The solution to the steady-state transport equations for bulk silicon transistors shows that energy stagnation at the hotspot results in an excess equivalent temperature rise of about 13% in a 90nm gate-length device. Longitudinal optical phonons with non-zero group velocities dominate transport. We find that the resistance associated with ballistic transport does not overwhelm that from the package unless the peak power density approaches 50W∕μm3. A transient calculation shows negligible phonon accumulation and retardation between successive logic states. This work highlights and reduces the knowledge gaps in the electro-thermal simulation of transistors.
RETRACTED: Effect of voltage on diamond-like carbon thin film using linear ion source (2011)

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This paper has been retracted at the request of the authors. A more detailed description of the research has been published in Surface & Coatings Technology (SCT 243, pages 15–19 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.07.061).
Power Mechanisms of Rotational and Cyclic Motions (2015)

 From the Physiology of Machines to the Anatomy of MachinesAn offshoot stemming from the author's previous book detailing the makeup and composition of a machine, Power Mechanisms of Rotational and Cyclic Motions provides an in-depth analysis of machine structure and operation. An important reference for practicing mechanical engineers, this b
Development of the LBS-based Water Service Information Service System (2009)

Even though Korea's national project - NGIS(National Geographic Information System) has been built since 1995 and the GIS database for underground facilities has also been built, not so many systems are utilizing those databases currently. Also, the waterworks GIS developed and operated by K-Water is not used effectively in supporting field works. In order to manage and operate the waterworks pipelines effectively, systematic supporting strategy must be established by adopting the state-of-the-art technology. In this research, a ubiquitous-based strategy for managing waterworks facilities is proposed to increase the usability of the existing related databases and to ensure the systematic way of distributing information. The current status of the existing waterworks GIS and GIS database were analyzed to achieve the goal. By studying the state-of-the-art technology, we found that importing the LBS technology to the databases is necessary. The results of these efforts are exclusive waterworks-mobile-terminals and LBS system supporting them. Furthermore, the applicability of the ubiquitous technology to waterworks has been examined to realize the real-time waterworks management.
A Study of High Pretilt Angle Generation in Nematic Liquid Crystal (5CB) on Rubbed Polythiophene Surfaces with Alkyl Chain Lengths (1996)

High pretilt angles in nematic liquid crystals (NLC) have been generated on rubbed polythiophene (PTP) surfaces with different alkyl chain lengths. The pretilt angle of the NLC, 4-n-pentyl-4 ′ -cyanobiphenyl (5CB), was observed on unidirectionally rubbed PTP surfaces with alkyl chains with more than 9 carbon atoms. We obtained pretilt angle of 15–40° on rubbed PTP surfaces with 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Also, the pretilt angles of 65–80° of 5CB were obtained on rubbed PTP surfaces with 11 and 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. We suggest that this high pretilt angle generation in 5CB is due to the surface-excluded volume effect by the alkyl chain lengths between the LCs and the PTP surfaces. Finally, we conclude the odd-even effect on rubbed PTP surfaces is clearly contributed to the pretilt angle generation.
Vectors for Inhaled Gene Therapy in Lung Cancer. Application for Nano Oncology and Safety of Bio Nanotechnology (2012)

Novel aerosol therapeutic modalities have been investigated for lung cancer. Inhaled gene therapy has presented safety and effectiveness previously in cystic fibrosis. However, safety concerns have been raised regarding the safety of non-viral vectors for inhaled gene therapy in lung cancer, and therefore small steps have been made towards this multifunctional treatment modality. During the last decade, numerous new nanocomplexes have been created and investigated as a safe gene delivery nano-vehicle. These formulations are multifunctional; they can be used as either local therapy or carrier for an effective inhaled gene therapy for lung cancer. Herein, we present current and future perspectives of nanocomplexes for inhaled gene therapy treatment in lung cancer.
Effects of etch barrier densification on step and flash imprint lithography (2005)

Previous work with the mechanical properties of step and flash imprint lithography etch barrier materials has shown bulk volumetric shrinkage trends that could impact imprinted feature dimensions and profile. This article uses mesoscopic and finite element modeling techniques to model the behavior of the etch barrier during polymerization. Model results are then compared to cross section images of template and etch barrier. Volumetric shrinkage is seen to impact imprinted feature profiles largely as a change in feature height.
An Investigations of Sound Absorbance Properties for Weft Knitted Spacer Fabrics (2015)

Nonwoven fabrics have been used for many years in different technical applications; they have particularly been used as isolation materials in vehicles in order to reduce the noise heard within them, and they. They have achieved great popularity due to low production cost and good absorbance. However, the fabrics produced by making use of the nonwoven technique have some disadvantages including low resistance, low abrasion strength, poor aesthetic appearance and thickness. In order to eliminate these disadvantages, recent studies have reported that knitted fabrics could be an alternative to nonwoven fabrics. Various studies have focused on the impact on sound absorbance that the thickness and surface structure of knitted fabrics have. In this study, a number of knitted spacer fabrics, which had five different connection angles, were manufactured by using a plain knitting machine. The sound transmission loss levels of the developed fabrics were tested and analysed by Brel and Kjaer tube instruments. At the end of the examinations, the sound absorbance behaviors at different frequencies were demonstrated in graphics based on the type of knitting. It was determined in the study that three factors have a major impact on the sound absorbance behaviour; thickness of fabric, micro porosity between fabric surfaces and yarn linear density in the interconnection of the fabrics.
Plants and People on Groote Eylandt: 5th and Final Instalment (1983)

'Plants and People: Aboriginal Use of Plants on Groote Eylandt' is a book providing one of the best accounts of how Aboriginal people used plants in every day life. The book gives a clear idea of how their ancestors lived.