gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Age-Related Play and Injury Patterns on Human Factors Criteria for Playground Equipment Safety (1990)

About one-third of all public playground equipment injuries are sustained by children under 6 years of age. Injury data indicate that children in this age group are at particular risk of injuries to the head and face. A recent detailed analysis of playground equipment design issues (Ratté, Morrison, Lerner, Denham, and Johnson, 1990) formed the basis for an update and expansion of the Handbook for Public Playground Safety, published in 1980 by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. An important focus of this work was to develop recommendations that take into account the critical differences between preschool-age and school-age children with respect to the following factors: physical capabilities; anthropometric measures; play patterns; cognitive skills; and injury patterns and common injury scenarios associated with specific types of equipment. This paper illustrates how these factors were applied to the analysis of swing-related safety problems, and describes some of the difficulties involved in developing human factors criteria for playground equipment safety. Although specific design recommendations addressed the safety of each type of equipment, other issues were also of critical importance in evaluating each product's potential for injury, including use and fall zones around equipment, spatial relationships with other equipment and activities on the playground, separation of children of different ages, and adult supervision. These considerations sometimes represented conflicting safety concerns.
Integration of an advanced emergency call subsystem into a car-gateway platform (2009)

Several European research projects in the vehicular area address the enhancement of vehicular safety. In the frame of the Caring Cars project, an on-board car-gateway embedded architecture for safety and wellness applications has been designed. This paper puts forward the essentials of this modular, dynamic and robust architecture and defines in detail the advanced emergency call (eCall+), one of the most innovative applications in the project. By mean of the eCall+, the emergency services will always be able to track the affected vehicle and monitor the state of the car. The driver may also contact them through videoconference in a critical situation. Thus, the system can either prevent an accident or help the vehicle occupants and the emergency services to safe the occupants' lives after an accident occurred.
A Family of Zero-Voltage-Transition Bridgeless Power-Factor-Correction Circuits With a Zero-Current-Switching Auxiliary Switch (2010)

A novel zero-voltage-transition high-efficiency bridgeless power-factor-correction (PFC) circuit with a zero-current-switching auxiliary switch was proposed, analyzed, and experimentally verified. An assist circuit, consisting of a resonant inductor, two blocking diodes, a clamping circuit, an autotransformer, and an auxiliary MOSFET switch, was used to reduce the turn-on switching loss of the two main switches of the bridgeless PFC circuit and the turn-off switching loss of the auxiliary switch. The soft commutation of the main switches is achieved without imposing an additional voltage stress on the main switches. Feedback gate-drive signals can be obtained by using an existing converter IC controller modified to fit the purpose. In this paper, a detailed description of the circuit operation will be given. Based on the analysis, the guidelines for the component selection are presented. A prototype of 100-kHz 600-W universal-line PFC bridgeless circuit was built to verify the proposed scheme. In addition, based on the same concept, a family of bridgeless PFC configuration was proposed.
Iterative learning control and repetitive control for engineering practice (2000)

This paper discusses linear iterative learning and repetitive control, presenting general purpose control laws with only a few parameters to tune. The method of tuning them is straightforward, making tuning easy for the practicing control engineer. The approach can then serve the same function for learning/repetitive control, as PID controllers do in classical control. Anytime one has a controller that is to perform the same tacking command repeatedly, one simply uses such a law to adjust the command given to an existing feedback controller and achieves a substantial decrease in tracking error. Experiments with the method show that decreases by a factor between 100 and 1000 in the RMS tracking error on a commercial robot, performing a high speed trajectory can easily be obtained in 8 to 12 trials for learning. It is shown that in engineering practice, the same design criteria apply to learning control as apply to repetitive control. Although the conditions for stability are very different for the two problems, one must impose a good transient condition, and once such a condition is formulated, it is likely to be the same for both learning and repetitive control.
High-resolution Reservoir Mapping by Simultaneous Vibratory Sources (2010)

Summary The advancement of the simultaneous-multiple-sourcing (SMS) technology in seismic land acquisition has matured from the research stage to routine production. The key benefits of this technology are to improve data bandwidth, increase spatial resolution, and reduce acquisition cost. However, the increase of productivity also adds more complexity in field acquisition and data processing. Understanding the practical challenges of acquisition and processing associated with simultaneous multiple sources, one can fully realize the potential benefits of this technology. We will demonstrate some of the challenges of this technology by focusing on three main areas: the impact of the phase-encoding scheme, the data organization of the source separation, and noise attenuation on single-source data. We apply our best practices to a number of large 3D data sets. The comparison between conventional and SMS acquisitions indicates that SMS data produce much higher-resolution images than conventional vibroseis. In addition, we will demonstrate that a number of high-fold 3D data sets acquired by SMS technology consistently yield high-resolution images of the reservoir.
ADAMTS-1 Metalloproteinase Promotes Tumor Development through the Induction of a Stromal Reaction <i>In vivo</i> (2008)

ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs), the first described member of the ADAMTS family, is differentially expressed in various tumors. However, its exact role in tumor development and progression is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ADAMTS-1 transfection in a bronchial epithelial tumor cell line (BZR) and its potential to modulate tumor development. ADAMTS-1 overexpression did not affect in vitro cell properties such as (a) proliferation in two-dimensional culture, (b) proliferation in three-dimensional culture, (c) anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, (d) cell migration and invasion in modified Boyden chamber assay, (e) angiogenesis in the aortic ring assay, and (f) cell apoptosis. In contrast, ADAMTS-1 stable transfection in BZR cells accelerated the in vivo tumor growth after s.c. injection into severe combined immunodeficient mice. It also promoted a stromal reaction characterized by myofibroblast infiltration and excessive matrix deposition. These features are, however, not observed in tumors derived from cells overexpressing a catalytically inactive mutant of ADAMTS-1. Conditioned media from ADAMTS-1-overexpressing cells display a potent chemotactic activity toward fibroblasts. ADAMTS-1 overexpression in tumors was associated with increased production of matrix metalloproteinase-13, fibronectin, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Neutralizing antibodies against TGF-beta and IL-1beta blocked the chemotactic effect of medium conditioned by ADAMTS-1-expressing cells on fibroblasts, showing the contribution of these factors in ADAMTS-1-induced stromal reaction. In conclusion, we propose a new paradigm for catalytically active ADAMTS-1 contribution to tumor development, which consists of the recruitment of fibroblasts involved in tumor growth and tumor-associated stroma remodeling.
Effects of Chain Conformation and Entanglement on the Electrospinning of Pure Alginate (2008)

As a natural biopolymer, sodium alginate (SA) has been widely used in the biomedical field in the form of powder, liquid, gel, and compact solid, but not in the form of nanofiber. Electrospinning is an effective method to fabricate nanofibers. However, electrospinning of SA from its aqueous solution is still a challenge. In this study, an effort has been made to solve this problem and find the key reasons that hinder the electrospinning of alginate aqueous solution. Through this research, it was found that pure SA nanofibers could be fabricated successfully by introducing a strong polar cosolvent, glycerol, into the SA aqueous solutions. The study on the properties of the modified SA solution showed that increasing glycerol content increased the viscosity of the SA solution greatly and, meanwhile, decreased the surface tension and the conductivity of the SA solution. The rheological results indicated that the increase in glycerol content could result in the enhanced entanglements of SA chains. Two schematic molecular models were proposed to depict the change of SA chain conformation in aqueous solution with and without glycerol. The main contribution of glycerol to the electrospinning process is to improve the flexibility and entanglement of SA chains by disrupting the strong inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bondings among SA chains, then forming new hydrogen bondings with SA chains.
Regional patterns of radiocarbon and fossil fuel‐derived CO<sub>2</sub> in surface air across North America (2007)

Radiocarbon levels in annual plants provide a means to map out regional and continental‐scale fossil fuel plumes in surface air. We collected corn ( Zea mays ) across North America during the summer of 2004. Plants from mountain regions of western North America showed the smallest influence of fossil fuel‐derived CO 2 with a mean Δ 14 C of 66.3‰ ±1.7‰. Plants from eastern North America and from the Ohio‐Maryland region showed a larger fossil fuel influence with a mean Δ 14 C of 58.8‰ ± 3.9‰ and 55.2‰ ± 2.3‰, respectively, corresponding to 2.7 ppm ± 1.5 ppm and 4.3 ppm ± 1.0 ppm of added fossil fuel CO 2 relative to the mountain west. A model–data comparison suggests that surveys of annual plant Δ 14 C can provide a useful test of atmospheric mixing in transport models that are used to estimate the spatial distribution of carbon sources and sinks.
Effects of Dexamethasone on the Functional Properties of Cartilage Explants during Long-Term Culture (2009)

Biochemical and biomechanical properties of osteochondral allograft tissue may be enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone to culture media. These findings may translate to longer shelf life of preserved osteochondral allograft transplantation tissue and increased clinical availability of grafts.
Recombinant 47-Kilodalton Cytosol Factor Restores NADPH Oxidase in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (1989)

A 47-kilodalton neutrophil cytosol factor (NCF-47k), required for activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase superoxide (O2-.) production, is absent in most patients with autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease (AR-CGD). NCF-47k cDNAs were cloned from an expression library. The largest clone predicted a 41.9-kD protein that contained an arginine and serine-rich COOH-terminal domain with potential protein kinase C phosphorylation sites. A 33-amino acid segment of NCF-47k shared 49% identity with ras p21 guanosine triphosphatase activating protein. Recombinant NCF-47k restored O2-. -producing activity to AR-CGD neutrophil cytosol in a cell-free assay. Production of active recombinant NCF-47k will enable functional regions of this molecule to be mapped.
LED-based fibre optic oxygen sensorusing sol-gel coating (1994)

An intrinsic evanescent wave fibre optic sensor for oxygen is reported. The sensor is based on the quenching of fluorescence from a ruthenium complex trapped in the cage-like structure of a sol-gel-derived porous film on a de-clad section of multimode optical fibre. The sensor exhibits excellent performance using blue LED excitation and silicon photodiode detection, and establishes the viability of low-cost portable sensor devices based on the sol-gel process. Gas phase measurement data over the range 0–100% oxygen exhibit high signal-to-noise ratio (~150), good repeatability and short response time (< 5 s).
Face recognition using KFD-Isomap (2005)

Facial images with high dimension often belong to a manifold of intrinsically low dimension. Subspace methods utilize different algorithms to extract and analyze the underlying manifold for face recognition. Isomap is a recently proposed algorithm for manifold learning and nonlinear dimensionality reduction. However, since the Isomap is developed based on minimizing the reconstruction error with multi-dimensional scaling, it may not be optimal from classification viewpoint. In this paper, an improved version of Isomap, namely KFD-Isomap, is proposed using kernel Fisher discriminant (KFD) method for face recognition task. In KFD-Isomap, the matrix of geodesic distances between all pairs of points as feature vectors is applied to the kernel Fisher discriminant for finding an optimal projection direction. In face recognition experiments, KFD-Isomap is used as a feature extraction process compared with Isomap, Ext-Isomap, and two other baseline subspace algorithms, eigenfaces and Fisherfaces, combined with a nearest neighbor classifier. Experimental results show that KFD-Isomap excels the other methods.
Regeneration and control of human fibroblast cell density by intermittently delivered pulsed electric fields (2013)

Proliferative scarring is a human disease with neither available effective treatment nor relevant animal model. One of the hypotheses for scar formation involves deregulation of fibroblast signaling and delayed apoptosis. Here, we introduce a new chemical-free method for fibroblast density control in culture by intermittently delivered pulsed electric fields (IDPEF), which cause irreversible damage to cell membranes. Using 5-100 pulses with electric field strength of 150 V/mm, pulse duration 70 µs, and frequency of 1 Hz, we investigated the effects of PEF application on growth, death, and regeneration of normal human dermal fibroblasts in culture. We found that the fraction of fibroblasts that survive depends on the number of pulses applied and follows a Weibull distribution. We have successfully developed an IDPEF protocol that controls fibroblasts density in culture. Specifically, through application of IDPEF every 72 h for 12 days, we maintain a normal human dermal fibroblast density in the 3.1 ± 0.2 × 10(5) -1.4 ± 0.2 × 10(5) cell/mL range. Our results suggest that IDPEFs may prove useful as a non-chemical method for fibroblast density control in human wound healing.
Vaping: How Bad Is It? (2019)

This paper discusses the modern topic of vape, juul, hookah, and e-cigarettes. Since the activity is very new, society as a whole is often times ignorant about the effect of these devices. Adolescents (ages 14-20) are unaware of the effects that their new cool hobby is having on them. E-cigarettes are much more complex than they would imagine. This paper discusses both the medical findings and social stigmas that are associates inhalants within adolescents.
Stereoelectronic and Steric Effects in the Synthesis and Recognition of Diastereomeric Ethers by NMR and EPR Spectroscopy (1992)

(2,6‐Di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐alkyl‐carbinols I are easily dehydrated in the presence of catalytic amounts of a mineral acid to form the corresponding phenyl‐alkyl‐carbocations Ia . These cations can be reversibly deprotonated to the quinone methides Ib , therefore, an equilibrium between both reactive compounds is assumed. In the absence of nucleophiles a reaction of these intermediates with the starting carbinol is observed leading to symmetrical ethers Id . In alcoholic solution the solvent acts as a nucleophilic compound and the formation of an unsymmetrical ether Ie is observed predominantly. If the nucleophile contains a chiral carbon atom diastereomers are formed in this reaction which are observed in variable concentrations depending on the reaction time. The assignment of these isomers to the meso and racemic compound has been achieved by NMR investigations in solution in combination with their solid‐state structures determined by X‐ray crystallography. These results indicate a remarkable thermodynamic stabilization of the symmetrical ethers in the racemic form whereas the meso compounds are favored if the products are formed under kinetic control. In both cases the diastereomer ratio is determined by steric repulsion and the generalized anomeric effect. – A bonding interaction of lone pairs of the ether oxygen with the π system of the corresponding phenoxyl ring was also observed by EPR investigations. This electron delocalization contributes remarkably to the mechanism responsible for the distinction of the diastereomeric radicals by different β‐proton coupling constants.
Factors controlling the activities of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase. The effects of chlorpromazine, demethylimipramine, cinchocaine, norfenfluramine, mepyramine and magnesium ions (1977)

1. Microsomal membranes from rat liver were incubated with ATP, CoA, Mg2+, [14C]palmitate, F- and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in order to label them with [14C]phosphatidate. These membranes were isolated and used in a second incubation in which [3H]CTP was present, and the simultaneous synthesis of [14C]diacylglycerol and [3H]CDP-diacylglycerol was measured. 2. The addition of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, which had been partially purified from the particle-free supernatant, supplemented the activity of the endogenous phosphohydrolase, but it did not alter the rate of CDP-diacylglycerol formation. 3. Adding EDTA inhibited phosphatidate cytidylyl-transferase activity and stimulated the activity of the phosphohydrolases by removing excess of Mg2+. 4. Increasing the concentration of Mg2+, norfenfluramine or chlorpromazine in the assay system stimulated cytidylyltransferase activity, but decreased the activities of both phosphohydrolases. 5. The mechanism for the stimulation of cytidylyl=transferase activity by the cationic drugs and Mg2+ was investigated with emulsions of phosphatidate and the microsomal fraction of rat liver. 6. There was a threshold concentration of about 5mM-MgCl2 below which no cytidylyltransferase activity was detected in the presence or absence of norfenfluramine. Just above this threshold concentration norfenfluramine stimulated cytidylyltransferase activity, but this stimulation disappeared as the Mg2+ concentration was raised to its optimum of 20mM. Norfenfluramine therefore partially replaced the bivalent-cation requirement. 7. At 30 mM-MgCl2 amphiphilic cationic drugs inhibited cytidylyltransferase activity at relatively high concentrations in a non-competitive manner with respect to phosphatidate. 8. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the regulation of the synthesis of the acidic phospholipids compared with the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol.
A Gunn Diode Microwave Cavity Spectrometer (1970)

First Page
Low-noise-figure microchannel plate optimized for Gen III image intensification systems (1990)

A new type of microchannel plate (MCP) is described which has been optimized for use in generation II and generation III image intensifier tubes. The results of a program focused on improving the SNRs of these generations of image intensification tubes through the optimization of the microchannel plate are presented. The effects of open area ratio (OAR), funneling, secondary emission coefficients, first strike conversion efficiency, gain, enhancement coatings, aging, and filming are discussed.
On multimedia networks: self-similar traffic and network performance (1999)

The main objective in telecommunications network engineering is to have as many happy users as possible. In other words, the network engineer has to resolve the trade-off between capacity and QoS requirements. Accurate modeling of the offered traffic load is the first step in optimizing resource allocation algorithms such that provision of services complies with the QoS constraints while maintaining maximum capacity. As broadband multimedia services became popular, they necessitated new traffic models with self-similar characteristics. We present a survey of the self-similarity phenomenon observed in multimedia traffic and its implications on network performance. Our current research aims to fill the gap between this new traffic model and network engineering. An immediate consequence of this study is the demonstration of the limitations or validity of conventional resource allocation methods in the presence of self-similar traffic.
KEPI, a PKC-dependent Protein Phosphatase 1 Inhibitor Regulated by Morphine (2002)

cDNAs encoding KEPI, a novel protein kinase C (PKC)-potentiated inhibitory protein for type 1 Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PP1), were identified. They were found among morphine-regulated brain mRNAs identified using subtracted differential display techniques. Full-length rat, mouse, and human cDNA and genomic sequences were elucidated with library screening and data base searching. Rat, mouse, and human KEPI cDNAs encode 164-165 amino acid proteins with calculated isoelectric points of 5.2. Each species' amino acid sequence contains consensus sequences for phosphorylation by PKC (KVT(72)VK), protein kinase A (RKLS(154)), and casein kinase II (S(43)SRE, S(120)EEE). Multiple KEPI N-terminal myristoylation consensus sites provide potential regions for membrane anchoring. Subcellular fractionation and Western analyses revealed that most KEPI immunoreactivity was associated with P2 and P3 membrane-enriched fractions and little in cytosolic fractions. 2.6-kb KEPI mRNAs were detected in brain, especially in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and in heart and skeletal muscle. Brain KEPI mRNA was up-regulated by both acute and chronic morphine treatments. The human KEPI gene contains four exons extending over more than 100 kb of genomic sequence on 6q24-q25, near the mu opiate receptor gene. These sequences displayed sufficient homology with the porcine PP1 inhibitor CPI-17 that we asked whether KEPI could share the ability of CPI-17 to modulate PP1 activity in a PKC-dependent fashion. Recombinant mouse KEPI is phosphorylated by PKC with a K(m) of 2.6 microm and a t(1/2) of 20 min. Phospho-KEPI inhibits PP1alpha with an IC(50) of 2.7 nm, a potency more than 600-fold greater than that displayed by unphosphorylated KEPI. Neither phospho- nor dephospho-KEPI inhibits protein phosphatase 2A. Up-regulation of KEPI expression by morphine, an agonist at PKC-regulating G-protein-coupled mu receptors, provides a novel signaling paradigm in which the half-lives of serine/threonine phosphorylation events can be influenced by activities at G(i)/G(o)-coupled receptors that modulate KEPI expression, KEPI phosphorylation, and KEPI regulation of PP1 activity.