gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Finite Subelement Generalization of the Variational Nodal Method (2003)

AbstractThe variational nodal method is generalized by dividing each spatial node into a number of triangular finite elements designated as subelements. The finite subelement trial functions allow for explicit geometry representations within each node, thus eliminating the need for nodal homogenization. The method is implemented within the Argonne National Laboratory code VARIANT and applied to two-dimensional multigroup problems.Eigenvalue and pin-power results are presented for a four-assembly Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency benchmark problem containing enriched UO2 and mixed oxide fuel pins. Our seven-group model combines spherical or simplified spherical harmonic approximations in angle with isoparametric linear or quadratic subelement basis functions, thus eliminating the need for fuel-coolant homogenization. Comparisons with reference seven-group Monte Carlo solutions indicate that in the absence of pin-cell homogenization, high-order angular approximations are required to obtain accurate eigenvalues, while the results are substantially less sensitive to the refinement of the finite subelement grids.
Gel conformance treatments increase oil production in Wyoming (1992)

Chromic-carboxylate acrylamide-polymer gels have been applied successfully as conformance treatments in a number of fields in Wyoming's Big Horn basin. This paper reports that as a result of these treatments, significant amounts of incremental oil will be recovered in a profitable manner. The gels were applied to naturally fractured reservoirs of intermediate fracture intensity. The gel treatments improved sweep efficiency of oil-recovery drive fluids in fields that were under either primary production, waterflooding, or polymer-augmented waterflooding. Ultimate incremental oil production from the 29 gel treatments is projected to be 3.72 million st-tk bbl, or on average, 128,000 bbl/treatment. An average 13 bbl of incremental production are projected to be recovered for every 1 lb of polymer injected.
Analysis of submicron double-gated polysilicon MOS thin film transistors (2002)

Double-gated poly-Si MOS thin film transistors (TFTs), having two gate electrodes (top and bottom) connected together, are analyzed by the numerical solution of the Poisson equation. It is found that for fully inverted films there is a strong coupling of the top and bottom channels, resulting in a more efficient channel charge modulation and substantial improvement of electrical characteristics: reduction of subthreshold swing, reduction of threshold voltage, enhancement of drive current, and suppression of punch-through degradation in submicron channel length TFTs. By applying the double-gated structure, submicron poly Si PMOS TFTs have been realized with 0.6 mu m channel length, OFF current of 0.4 pA/ mu m, and ON/OFF ratio >5*15/sup 5/, demonstrating the applicability of this device in ULSI SRAM cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Maximum likelihood estimation using square root information filters (1990)

The maximum likelihood parameter estimation algorithm is known to provide optimal estimates for linear time-invariant dynamic systems. However, the algorithm is computationally expensive and requires evaluations of the gradient of a log likelihood function and the Fisher information matrix. By using the square-root information filter, a numerically reliable algorithm to compute the required gradient and the Fisher information matrix is developed. The algorithm is a significant improvement over the methods based on the conventional Kalman filter. The square-root information filter relies on the use of orthogonal transformations that are well known for numerical reliability. This algorithm can be extended to real-time system identification and adaptive control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Broad-Band Wave-Guide Admittance Matching by Use of Irises (1947)

A procedure is described for broad-band admittance matching of wave-guide devices by the use of simple irises. Slotted-line measurements yield the standing-wave ratio and position of voltage minimum for several wavelengths and allow the determination of the transverse plane along the axis of the wave guide at which the dispersion with wavelength of the reflection-coefficient phase is a minimum. For regions in which the standing-wave ratio is approximately independent of wavelength, this information determines the optimum position and dimensions of a purely susceptive iris which matches the admittance of the load to that of the wave guide.
Circulating endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and portal, systemic and renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis (2004)

Circulating levels of anandamide are increased in cirrhotic patients. However, this elevation was unrelated to the extent of arterial vasodilation, the severity of portal hypertension or the degree of hepatic and renal dysfunction. Although a local hormonal action cannot be excluded, our results do not support a relevant contribution of this system in the hemodynamic disturbance of cirrhosis.
Topological Quantum Computation—From Basic Concepts to First Experiments (2013)

Quantum computation requires controlled engineering of quantum states to perform tasks that go beyond those possible with classical computers. Topological quantum computation aims to achieve this goal by using non-Abelian quantum phases of matter. Such phases allow for quantum information to be stored and manipulated in a nonlocal manner, which protects it from imperfections in the implemented protocols and from interactions with the environment. Recently, substantial progress in this field has been made on both theoretical and experimental fronts. We review the basic concepts of non-Abelian phases and their topologically protected use in quantum information processing tasks. We discuss different possible realizations of these concepts in experimentally available solid-state systems, including systems hosting Majorana fermions, their recently proposed fractional counterparts, and non-Abelian quantum Hall states.
Computational Studies of Chiral Catalysts:  A Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of an Asymmetric Diels−Alder Reaction with Catalysts Containing Bisoxazoline or Phosphinooxazoline Ligands (2003)

A QSAR using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) is developed for a set of 23 catalysts containing bisoxazoline or phosphinooxazoline ligands that are known to induce asymmetry during the Diels-Alder reaction of N-2-alkenoyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one with cyclopentadiene. It is shown that extremely high q(2) statistics can be derived by using standard modeling protocols when internal validation alone is done as well as when an external test set is used. From these models it is shown that approximately 70% of the variance in the observed enantiomeric excess can be attributed to the steric field and the remainder of the variance to the electrostatic field. Suggestions about how to improve the performance of inefficient catalysts are given.
The purification and characterization of 3-dehydroquinase from Streptomyces coelicolor (1990)

The enzyme 3-dehydroquinase was purified over 4000-fold to homogeneity from Streptomyces coelicolor. The subunit Mr estimated from polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS was 16,000. The native Mr estimated by gel filtration on a Superose 6 column was 209,000, indicating that the enzyme is a large oligomer. The enzyme was found to be extremely thermostable. This stability, along with the structural and kinetic properties of the enzyme, suggest that it is very similar to the quinate-inducible 3-dehydroquinase found in Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus nidulans. This similarity was confirmed by direct N-terminal sequencing.
Natural progression of male pattern baldness in young men (1991)

Twenty-six men who presented with male pattern baldness (androgen-dependent alopecia), were quantitatively evaluated for scalp hair variables and compared with 13 age-matched controls. Compared to controls, significant mean differences for hair variables were found in the frontal-vertex area, while in the occipital area, a reduction in total hair density (hairs/cm2) was the only significant (P less than 0.05) finding. A large proportion (48.5%) of meaningful hair (non-vellus hair) was less than or equal to 40 mm in length, yet had diameters similar to hairs growing much longer. In controls, these hairs accounted for only 12.2% of the total population. Compared to baseline, mean values from the frontal-vertex area of subjects with androgen-dependent alopecia were significantly lower for total hair density, meaningful hair density (non-vellus hairs/cm2) and percentage of hair in the anagen growth phase, 12 and 24 months later. During this time, total hair density decreased by 6.5% after 12 months and by 11.9% after 24 months. Similarly, meaningful hair density declined at 12 months by 10.8% and by 22.7% after 24 months. No change in any hair variable was detected in controls after 12 or 24 months. Our findings suggest that medications capable of maintaining the existing hair population should be regarded as effective treatments for this condition. Left untreated androgen-dependent alopecia progressively deteriorates. The induction of non-vellus hairs less than or equal to 40 mm in length to grow longer, would substantially improve the aesthetic profile without the need to generate new hair.
Evaluating the Performance of ARQ and HARQ I Over Nakagami Fading Channels (2006)

In this paper, we evaluate the average number of transmissions and the throughput performance of ARQ and HARQ I over Nakagami fading channels. The analysis is carried using a block fading and a two-states Markov channel models. These results are used to study the effects of the Nakagami-m parameter and the Doppler frequency on the performance of ARQ and HARQ I.
Symmetry-Based Design Strategy for Unprecedentedly Fast Decaying Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF). Application to Dinuclear Cu(I) Compounds (2019)

Inspired by molecular crystal theory of coupling symmetry-related transition dipole moments, we develop a model for rational design of Cu(I) complexes to achieve short TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence) decay times. This is, for example, important to reduce OLED stability problems and roll-off effects. Guided by the model, we design a new class of Cu(I) dimers focusing on Cu2(tppb)(PPh3)2Cl2 2 (tppb(PPh3)2 = 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)benzene). Indeed, this class of compounds shows particularly short TADF decay times as evidenced by luminescence studies over a temperature range of 1.5 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K and, thus, supports the proposed design strategy. The model is further supported by TD-DFT calculations. A key property of the strategy is that the new dimer(s) exhibit a drastically faster radiative rate of the transition between the lowest excited singlet state and the ground state than the related monomer, Cu(dppb)(PPh3)Cl 1 (dppb = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene). This is even valid at a small singlet–triplet energy gap of ΔE(S1–T1) = 390 cm–1 (48 meV). Accordingly, we find a benchmark TADF decay time for the Cu(I) dimer 2 of only 1.2 μs (radiative decay: 1.5 μs). This is a factor of about three times shorter than found so far for any other Cu(I) complex with a similarly small energy gap. The presented design strategy seems to be of general validity.
A prototype Hotel Browsing system using Java3D (2003)

Java3D is an application-centred approach to building 3D worlds. We use Java3D and VRML to design a prototype WWW-based 3D Hotel Browsing system. A Java3D scene graph viewer was implemented to interactively explore objects in a virtual universe using models generated by a commercial computer graphics suite and imported using a VRML file loader. A special collision prevention mechanism is also devised. This case study is reported on by reviewing the current aspects of the prototype system.
Antitumor Activities of<i>O</i>-Sulfonated Derivatives of (1→3)-α-<scp>D</scp>-Glucan from Different<i>Lentinus edodes</i> (2006)

Four water-insoluble (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucans, coded L-II1, L-II2, L-II3 and L-II4, with different molecular weights were isolated from four kinds of fruiting bodies of Lentinus Edodes. The four alpha-D-glucans were O-sulfonated to obtain derivatives (SL-II) having degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.9 to 2.1 respectively. The structure of the samples was analyzed by infrared spectra, elemental analysis, and 13C NMR. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw), radii of gyration (<s2>z1/2) and intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) of the native alpha-D-glucans and O-sulfonated derivatives were measured by size-exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS), LLS, and viscometry in 0.2 M aqueous NaCl and in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing 0.25 M LiCl at 25 degrees C respectively. The Mw values of the O-sulfonated derivatives were much lower than those of the native alpha-D-glucans. The experimental results indicate that the O-sulfonated derivatives are water-soluble and exist as an expanded flexible chain in aqueous solution owing to intramolecular hydrogen bonding or interaction between charge groups. The in vivo and in vitro antitumor activities of the native alpha-D-glucans and their O-sulfonated derivatives against solid tumor Sarcoma 180 cells were evaluated and compared. Interestingly, all of the O-sulfonated derivatives exhibited higher antitumor activities than those of the native glucans. The results reveal that the effect of O-sulfonation of the alpha-D-glucan on the improvement of their antitumor activities was considerable.
Absorption of Steroid Hormones from the Human Small Intestine1 (1965)

Absorption of steroid hormones was measured as disappearance rate from the human small intestine during steady state perfusion of aqueous solutions through a transintestinal tube. Absorption correlated inversely with the extent of hydroxylation of the molecule put into the gut. Esters or ethers of polyhydroxysteroids were more rapidly absorbed than the parent compounds. Lipoidal molecules lacking—OH were very rapidly absorbed. Cortisol absorption rate (weight/unit time) was directly proportional to concentration, suggesting that steroid hormones are absorbed by diffusion. The unabsorbed residues from cortisol acetate and 1-methyl-Δ1androstenolone acetate were chiefly the parent unesterified steroids. Thus, steroid esters may be hydrolyzed intraluminally, and hence be absorbed as both free steroid and ester. In general, steroid hormones and their derivatives are well absorbed from aqueous solutions. Small intestinal absorption rate of the dissolved molecule is not crucial for determining potency by the oral route. Resistance to inactivation is essential for activity after administration per os.
Creating triploid germplasm via induced 2n pollen in<i>Capsicum annuum</i>L. (2003)

Summary2n pollen of diploid chili (Capsicum annuum L. 'Xianjiao') was induced by heat shock (35.5˚C, 4.h) or low temperature treatment (118C, 48.h). The percentages of 2n pollen were increased to 8.3% and 10.5% respectively. The cytogenetic mechanisms of 2n pollen formation were first division restitution, second division restitution and abnormal cytokinesis. Diploid 2n pollen was less competent than n pollen in fertilization. Only one triploid plant arose from 78 progenies after fertilization by 2n pollen. The four offspring plants of the triploid were diploid. The morphological characters of the triploid and microsporogenesis were also evaluated.
Epitope Mapping of Antibodies to Alpha-Synuclein in LRRK2 Mutation Carriers, Idiopathic Parkinson Disease Patients, and Healthy Controls (2014)

Alpha-synuclein (Snca) plays a major role in Parkinson disease (PD). Circulating anti-Snca antibodies has been described in PD patients and healthy controls, but they have been poorly characterized. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of anti-Snca reactivity in human subjects carrying the LRRK2 mutation, idiopathic PD (iPD) patients, and healthy controls and to map the epitopes of the anti-Snca antibodies. Antibodies to Snca were detected by ELISA and immunoblotting using purified recombinant Snca in plasma from individuals carrying LRRK2 mutations (104), iPD patients (59), and healthy controls (83). Epitopes of antibodies were mapped using recombinant protein constructs comprising different regions of Snca. Clear positive anti-Snca reactivity showed no correlation with age, sex, years of evolution, or the disability scores for PD patients and anti-Snca reactivity was not prevalent in human patients with other neurological or autoimmune diseases. Thirteen of the positive individuals were carriers of LRRK2 mutations either non-manifesting (8 out 49 screened) or manifesting (5 positive out 55), three positive (out of 59) were iPD patients, and five positive (out of 83) were healthy controls. Epitope mapping showed that antibodies against the N-terminal (a.a. 1-60) or C-terminal (a.a. 109-140) regions of Snca predominate in LRRK2 mutation carriers and iPD patients, being N122 a critical amino acid for recognition by the anti-C-terminal directed antibodies. Anti-Snca circulating antibodies seem to cluster within families carrying the LRRK2 mutation indicating possible genetic or common environmental factors in the generation of anti-Snca antibodies. These results suggest that case-controls' studies are insufficient and further studies in family cohorts of patients and healthy controls should be undertaken, to progress in the understanding of the possible relationship of anti-Snca antibodies and PD pathology.
Novel Laparoscopic Home Trainer (2007)

A training system which provides illumination and visual perspective conditions similar to those of real surgery using 0 and 45-degree optics has been designed. The training system is portable and easy to connect for training purposes. Its ports allow for various options that help to improve skills and propose new approaches.
Allelic variation at the <i>frizzled</i> locus of <i>Drosophila</i> (1987)

Abstract The epidermis of Drosophila has a tissue polarity that is manifested by a parallel array of polarized structures (primarily hairs and bristles). The production of normal tissue polarity requires the function of the frizzled ( fz ) locus. We have isolated a large number of alleles at this locus and have phenotypically characterized more than 25 of them. We have found extensive allelic variation that a previous study failed to detect. Most of the alleles fall into a hypomorphic to amorphic series. Two alleles, however, have unusual properties. These alleles, which in general are moderately strong alleles, fail to produce a rough eye phenotype that is characteristic of all the other moderate or strong fz alleles. Thus, these two alleles are tissue specific in effect. Furthermore, these two alleles also have a neomorphic or antimorphic effect on hair polarity in one region of the wing.
c-Cbl localizes to actin lamellae and regulates lamellipodia formation and cell morphology (2000)

Adhesive and locomotive properties of cells have key roles in normal physiology and disease. Cell motility and adhesion require the assembly and organization of actin microfilaments into stress fibers, lamellipodia and filopodia, and the formation of these structures is mediated by signalling through Rho; GTPases. Here we identify c-Cbl (a multi-adaptor proto-oncogene product involved in protein tyrosine kinase signalling) as an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. By immunofluorescence microscopy we have determined that c-Cbl co-localizes with the adaptor protein Crk to submembranous actin lamellae in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and that c-Cbl's actin localization requires specific SH3-binding sequences. Further, we have found that truncation of this SH3-binding domain in c-Cbl profoundly alters the morphology of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by inhibiting the formation of actin lamellae, lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. The induction of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles are also inhibited during cell spreading and migration, conditions when these structures are normally most prominent. The inhibitory effect of truncated c-Cbl expression on lamellipodia formation can be reversed by mutational inactivation of its divergent SH2 domain, by the co-expression of constitutively active Rac or by the overexpression of c-Cbl. This study therefore identifies a cytoskeletal role for c-Cbl which may involve the regulation of Crk and Rac, and which is dependent on targeting of c-Cbl to actin lamellae and the ability to recruit signalling protein(s) associated with its divergent SH2 domain.
Tissue-specific Activity of the γc Chain Gene Promoter Depends upon an Ets Binding Site and Is Regulated by GA-binding Protein (1996)

The gammac chain is a subunit of multiple cytokine receptors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15), the expression of which is restricted to hematopoietic lineages. A defect in gammac leads to the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency characterized by a block in T cell differentiation. In order to better characterize the human gammac promoter and define the minimal tissue-specific promoter region, progressive 5'-deletion constructs of a segment extending 1053 base pairs upstream of the major transcription start site were generated and tested for promoter activity in various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell types. The -1053/+34 construct allowed promoter activity only in cells of hematopoietic origin, and tissue specificity was conserved in all other constructs tested. The region downstream of -90 appeared critical for basal promoter activity. It contains two potential Ets binding sites conserved in the murine gammac promoter gene, one of which was found essential for functional promoter activity as determined by mutational analysis. The functional Ets binding site was found to bind Ets family proteins, principally GA-binding protein and Elf-1 and could be transactivated by GABPalpha and -beta synergistically. These results indicate that, as already reported for the IL2Rbeta promoter, GA-binding protein is an essential component of gammac basal promoter activity. Although GABP expression is not restricted to the hematopoietic lineage, its interaction with other specific factors may contribute to the tissue-specific expression of the gammac gene.
Hepatic Expression of Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Spot 14 Protein Is Regulated by Constitutive Androstane Receptor (NR1I3) (2010)

The pregnane X receptors (PXRs) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) were initially isolated as nuclear receptors regulating xenobiotic metabolism and elimination, alleviating chemical insults. However, recent works suggest that these xenoreceptors play an endobiotic role in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism. In this study, we show that CAR activators]phenobarbital and 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime] induce the lipogenic gene thyroid hormone-responsive spot 14 protein (THRSP) (or Spot14, S14) expression in human hepatocytes. In addition, we report that treatment of wild-type mice with mCAR activators (phenobarbital and 1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene) efficiently increases thrsp expression, in contrast to CAR null mice. We demonstrate that CAR directly transactivates THRSP promoter through the direct repeat with 4-bp spacer thyroid hormone and PXR response element. Deletion or point mutations within this PXR response element led to a drastic inhibition of CAR-mediated THRSP transactivation. Gel-shift analysis revealed that the CAR/retinoid X receptor complex binds to this element. In conclusion, our results indicate that THRSP gene is a CAR and PXR target gene. Because THRSP expression correlates with lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity, our data suggest that CAR and/or PXR activating drugs and xenobiotics may promote aberrant hepatic de novo lipogenesis leading potentially to fatty liver diseases and insulin resistance.