gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new description of trellis codes (1984)

A trellis code is a "sliding window" method of encoding a binary data stream as a sequence of real or complex numbers that are input to a noisy transmission channel. Ungerboeck has constructed simple trellis codes that provide the same noise immunity as is given by increasing the power of uncoded transmission by factors ranging from two to four. His method is to specify an underlying convolutional code and a rule (mapping by set partitioning) that maps the output of this code onto a fixed signal constallation. A new description of a trellis code is given that combines these two steps into one. The new description is analytic rather than graphical. Many practical codes can be described very simply, and strict bounds on performance can be obtained. A method for differential encoding trellis codes is presented that was suggested by the authors' representation.
Graph Model Based Indoor Tracking (2009)

The tracking of the locations of moving objects in large indoor spaces is important, as it enables a range of applications related to, e.g., security and indoor navigation and guidance. This paper presents a graph model based approach to indoor tracking that offers a uniform data management infrastructure for different symbolic positioning technologies, e.g., Bluetooth and RFID. More specifically, the paper proposes a model of indoor space that comprises a base graph and mappings that represent the topology of indoor space at different levels. The resulting model can be used for one or several indoor positioning technologies. Focusing on RFID-based positioning, an RFID specific reader deployment graph model is built from the base graph model. This model is then used in several algorithms for constructing and refining trajectories from raw RFID readings. Empirical studies with implementations of the models and algorithms suggest that the paper's proposals are effective and efficient.
The importance of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase for 11C-acetate uptake and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

We analyzed the pattern of 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also assessed the expression of important regulatory enzymes related to glycolysis and lipid synthesis in relation to 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate uptake in human HCC cell lines. The significance of 11C-acetate uptake regulation was further evaluated with regard to cell viability. Methods:18F-FDG and 11C-acetate uptake patterns in HCC in 11 patients and in 5 HCC cell lines were assessed. We evaluated the gene expression of metabolic enzymes related to glycolysis and lipid synthesis in a cell line with the highest 18F-FDG uptake and another cell line with the highest 11C-acetate uptake. They included hexokinase II, adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase 1 (ACSS1), acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), acetyl CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase. In a cell line with high 11C-acetate uptake, the enzymatic activities of ACSS1 and ACSS2 were blocked using respective small, interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and the impact on 11C-acetate uptake and cell viability was assessed. Results: In all 11 patients and 4 of the 5 cell lines, the uptake patterns of the 2 radiotracers were complementary. ACSS1 and ACSS2 were highly expressed in a cell line with low 18F-FDG uptake and high 11C-acetate uptake, whereas only ACSS2 was expressed in a cell line with high 18F-FDG uptake and low 11C-acetate uptake. Fatty acid synthase expression was seen in cells with high 18F-FDG or 11C-acetate uptake. These findings indicate the possibility that both glucose and acetate can be a compensatory carbon source for lipid synthesis in cancer. Transient transfection with ACSS1 or ACSS2 siRNA in cells with high 11C-acetate uptake decreased 11C-acetate uptake and cell viability. Conclusion: The patterns of 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate uptake seemed to complement each other in both human HCC and HCC cell lines. Fatty acid synthase expression was seen in cells with high 18F-FDG or 11C-acetate uptake, suggesting glucose- or acetate-dependent lipid synthesis. Acetyl CoA synthetase appears to be important in 11C-acetate uptake and acetate-dependent lipid synthesis for the growth of cancer cells with a low-glycolysis phenotype. Inhibition of acetyl CoA synthetase in these cells may be promising for anticancer treatment.
Physical relation and expression: joint attention for human-robot interaction (2002)

This paper proposes a speech generation system named Linta-III, which generates an utterance dependent on a real world situation. To generate the situated utterance, Linta-III has a joint attention mechanism, which develops joint attention between a person and a robot. The joint attention mechanism employs eye-contact and an attention expression. The eye-contact promotes the relationship between the person and the robot. The attention expression manifests relevant sensor information with a physical expression. With the eye-contact and attention expression, the joint attention mechanism is able to draw the person's attention to the same sensor information as the robot. As a result of the joint attention, Linta-III is able to omit obvious words in the situation from an utterance description. We also conducted a psychological experiment on the development of joint attention. The results indicated that the eye-contact and attention expression are significant factors in the development of joint attention.
Integrated structure/control design of a two-link nonrigid robot arm for high-speed positioning (2003)

An integrated approach to the concurrent design of arm structure and control is presented. To achieve high-speed positioning, a technique is developed in which comprehensive design parameters describing arm link geometry, actuator locations, and feedback gains are optimized with respect to the settling time of the system. First, a two-link, nonrigid arm is analyzed, and a simple dynamic model representing rapid positioning processes is obtained. A PD control system is designed for the dynamic model. Optimal feedback gains minimizing the settling time are obtained as functions of structural parameters involved in the dynamic model. The structural parameters are then optimized by using an optimization technique in order to obtain an overall optimal performance. The resultant arm design shows an outstanding performance, which is unattainable if the structure and control are designed separately.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Expression of Carbon-Assimilating Enzymes by Nitrogen in Maize Leaf (1990)

We have utilized the cellular differentiation gradient of the developed, youngest leaf to examine the regulation by nitrogen of levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in maize (Zea mays L.). The protein whose level regulated most preferentially by N availability was PEPCase, followed by PPDK, and the changes in level occurred most conspicuously at the photosynthetically maturing cells. Pulse and pulse-chase experiments to analyze photosynthetic fixation of [(14)C]CO(2) indicate that maize leaf primarily exploited a C(4)-mode of photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide even under a selective reduction in levels of these proteins. The effects of N on the synthesis of these proteins and the accumulation of corresponding mRNAs during recovery from a deficiency were examined by pulse and pulse-chase labeling with [(35)S]Met and by hybridization, respectively. The rate of turnover of PPDK was substantially higher than that of the other proteins. Results also showed that the reduced accumulation of PEPCase, as well as PPDK, under N deficiency could largely be accounted for a reduced level of synthesis of protein with a concomitant reduction in level of their mRNAs. This indicates that the N-dependent selective accumulation of these enzymes is primarily a consequence of level of its mRNAs.
The Design and Construction of Anechoic Sound Chambers (1946)

Data on the performance of five different types of structures for use in echo-free (anechoic) chambers are presented. The best one of these structures is shaped like a wedge and manufactured from glass fibers held together by a binding agent. When mounted in the room, the wedges are spaced out several inches from the walls, and the dihedrals of adjacent units are turned through 90°. Generalized specifications for the optimal design of structures made from glass fiber wedges are presented in terms of either (a) lowest frequency at which 99 percent or better absorption is desired or (b) maximum depth of treatment which may be installed in the room. The application of these specifications to two rectangular rooms is shown and inverse square law measurements performed in the two completed chambers are presented. In the larger chamber the deviations are within ±0.3 db out to 10 feet and ±1.0 db out to 30 feet from a point source of sound. In the smaller, the deviations are within ±1.0 db out to 10 feet.
Ultrasonic Waves Method for Tool Wear Sensing - In-process and Built-in Type (1991)

With the advance of FCIMS (Flexibly Computerised-Integrated Manufacturing Structure), the in-process measurement becomes more important. In the flexible machining system, the major purpose of such an in-process measurement is to detect or to recognise the states of machining and also related environment. Of these, the measurements of the tool wear and failure are basically important; however, there are few measuring methods applicable to the actual machining environment, although having been carried out a lot of concerned research activities. In consideration of such situations of the present, this paper deals with a new proposal for detecting the tool wear. The proposed method utilizes the reflection characteristic of ultrasonic waves, instead of the reflected time, at the contact surface between the cutting edge of tool and the work. From the experimental results, it can be verified that the proposed method shows fairly good performances in the machining procedure without the cutting fluid.
Design Aspects of Bearingless Slice Motors (2005)

The complexity of a bearingless motor offers a multitude of freedoms in constructive design because different motor setups may have nearly the same dynamic behavior, and may differ only slightly in some operation characteristic. However, the mechanical setup often has a very strong impact on the power inverter topology and the volt-ampere requirements, thereby affecting the system costs significantly. This paper focuses on design aspects of bearingless slice motors with permanent magnet excitation, and presents a methodical evaluation approach based on performance indexes.
STUDY OF ACTIVATION OF COAL CHAR (2003)

This is the first report on a project whose aim is to explore in a fundamental manner the factors that influence the development of porosity in coal chars during the process of activation. It is known that choices of starting coal, activating agent and conditions can strongly influence the nature of an activated carbon produced from a coal. In this initial study, the basic techniques for producing the char (via slow pyrolysis in inert gas) and characterizing it (using nitrogen gas adsorption) are developed. The stark differences between the chars that can be produced from Beulah-Zap lignite and Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coal are presented. The former is a thermoset material, and gives an easily activated char, whereas the former is thermoplastic and produces during pyrolysis a low porosity char that is difficult to activate.
Quantitative Approaches to Delineate Passive Transport Mechanisms in Cell Culture Monolayers (1999)

The intent of this chapter is to establish a comprehensive framework in which the physicochemical properties of permeant molecules, hydrodynamic factors, and mass transport barrier properties of the transcellular and paracellular routes comprising the cell monolayer and the microporous filter support are quantitatively and mechanistically interrelated. We specifically define and quantify the biophysical properties of the paracellular route with the aid of selective hydrophilic permeants that vary in molecular size and charge (neutral, cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic). Further, the quantitative interrelationships of pH, pKa, partitioncoefficient, fractions of nondissociated and charged species, permeability coefficients of the aqueous boundary layer (ABL), filter support, and a cell monolayer with its component transcellular and paracellular routes are defined. The influence of stirring on the permeability coefficients of the ABL and cell monolayer are quantified. The aforementioned interrelationships are developed with data collected from models of permeability using cultured cells.
Global Transcriptional Profiling of <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> MR-1 during Cr(VI) and U(VI) Reduction (2005)

Whole-genome DNA microarrays were used to examine the gene expression profile of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 during U(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction. The same control, cells pregrown with nitrate and incubated with no electron acceptor, was used for the two time points considered and for both metals. U(VI)-reducing conditions resulted in the upregulation (> or = 3-fold) of 121 genes, while 83 genes were upregulated under Cr(VI)-reducing conditions. A large fraction of the genes upregulated [34% for U(VI) and 29% for Cr(VI)] encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Genes encoding proteins known to reduce alternative electron acceptors [fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, Mn(IV), or soluble Fe(III)] were upregulated under both U(VI)- and Cr(VI)-reducing conditions. The involvement of these upregulated genes in the reduction of U(VI) and Cr(VI) was tested using mutants lacking one or several of the gene products. Mutant testing confirmed the involvement of several genes in the reduction of both metals: mtrA, mtrB, mtrC, and menC, all of which are involved in Fe(III) citrate reduction by MR-1. Genes encoding efflux pumps were upregulated under Cr(VI)- but not under U(VI)-reducing conditions. Genes encoding proteins associated with general (e.g., groL and dnaJ) and membrane (e.g., pspBC) stress were also upregulated, particularly under U(VI)-reducing conditions, pointing to membrane damage by the solid-phase reduced U(IV) and Cr(III) and/or the direct effect of the oxidized forms of the metals. This study sheds light on the multifaceted response of MR-1 to U(VI) and Cr(VI) under anaerobic conditions and suggests that the same electron transport pathway can be used for more than one electron acceptor.
The Calpain Cascade (1996)

m-Calpain, which usually requires near-millimolar Ca2+ for activation, undergoes autolysis at 25 microM Ca2+ in the presence of mu-calpain. m-Calpain in itself exhibits no sign of autolysis around this Ca2+ concentration. Half-maximal rate of the reaction occurs at 30 microM Ca2+, showing that it is mu-calpain that catalyzes the limited proteolysis of m-calpain in an intermolecular reaction ("heterolysis"). This heterolytic step is accompanied by the activation of m-calpain: mu- and m-calpain preincubated together at 25 microM Ca2+ show significantly higher activity than the sum of activities of mu- and m-calpains preincubated separately. m-Calpain is sensitized to Ca2+ by mu-calpain-mediated activation: the half-maximal value of 160 microM for activation is lowered to 64 microM, which is similar to the shift found in m-calpain autoactivation. We suggest that these in vitro observations are relevant in vivo and the calpain cascade may play an important role in coordinating the functioning of calpains in living cells.
Correlation filters with limited boundaries (2015)

Correlation filters take advantage of specific properties in the Fourier domain allowing them to be estimated efficiently: O(N D log D) in the frequency domain, versus O(D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> + N D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) spatially where D is signal length, and N is the number of signals. Recent extensions to correlation filters, such as MOSSE, have reignited interest of their use in the vision community due to their robustness and attractive computational properties. In this paper we demonstrate, however, that this computational efficiency comes at a cost. Specifically, we demonstrate that only 1/D proportion of shifted examples are unaffected by boundary effects which has a dramatic effect on detection/tracking performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to correlation filter estimation that: (i) takes advantage of inherent computational redundancies in the frequency domain, (ii) dramatically reduces boundary effects, and (iii) is able to implicitly exploit all possible patches densely extracted from training examples during learning process. Impressive object tracking and detection results are presented in terms of both accuracy and computational efficiency.
Respiratory care equipment (1995)

This text provides a guide to understanding the principles and mechanics of equipment involved in respiratory care, and their applications to patient care. This fifth edition contains increased clinical information and substantial updates on the state-of-the-art technology in respiratory care.
New data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute provides insight into cell phone use and driving distraction (2009)

Several large-scale, naturalistic driving studies -- using sophisticated cameras and instrumentation in participants' personal vehicles -- conducted by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI), provide a clear picture of driver distraction and cell phone use under real-world driving conditions, according to the institute.
The waaL gene mutation compromised the inhabitation of Enterobacter sp. Ag1 in the mosquito gut environment (2015)

Lack of the O antigen structure in LPS of Enterobacter compromised the effective growth in co-culture and co-feeding assays. In addition, O-antigen was involved in protection against oxidative stress. The findings suggest that intact LPS is crucial for the bacteria to steadily stay in the gut microbial community.
Probing the Debye Layer: Capacitance and Potential of Zero Charge Measured Using a Debye-Layer Transistor (2009)

We present a unique method for probing the properties of the electrolytic Debye layer, incorporating it as the active element in a novel radio frequency (rf) field-effect transistor. The capacitance of the Debye layer depends nonlinearly on the voltage applied across it, and we exploit this dependence to directly modulate the rf conductance between two nanofabricated interdigitated electrodes. We make quantitative measurements of the Debye-layer capacitance, allowing us to determine the potential of zero charge, a quantity of importance for electrochemistry and impedance-based biosensing.
Concise Synthesis of Capuramycin (2009)

A concise total synthesis of capuramycin (1), a promising preclinical TB drug lead, is achieved by high-yield formations of the cyanohydrin 5a and 4'',5''-glycal derivative 12. Capuramycin can be synthesized in eight steps from the uridine building block 5a with >30% overall yield. The synthetic intermediates reported here are useful for generation of analogs to improve pharmacokinetic properties of capuramycin.
Isolation of Atopobium vaginae in Vaginal and Urine Samples of Iranian Women, the first report (2016)

Bacterial vaginosis is not a mono-factorial infection. A synergism of microaerophilic bacteria, Mycoplasma spp., and anaerobic bacteria such as Atopobium vaginae, Porphyromonas spp., Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., and others are involved in these infections. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of Atopobium vaginae in non-pregnant women suffering from bacterial vaginosis.A total of 102 non-pregnant women who referred to Shahid Akbarabadi hospital in Tehran were tested for bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial culture was performed on Columbia agar containing 2mg/ml Amphotericin B, 30mg/ml Nalidixic acid and 4mg/ml Colistin. Additionally, they were simultaneously cultured on blood agar plates containing fresh human blood and Amphotericin B under anaerobic conditions. Finally, PCR using Atopobiumvaginae specific primers were also carried out on extracted DNA from grown colonies as well as from vaginal specimens. From a total of 102 symptomatic women who referred to the hospital, 37% (38/102) were classified as bacterial vaginosis, 43% (44/102) were classified as intermediate status and 20% (20/102) women were asymptomatic. Sixty urine samples were collected. Atopobium vaginae were detected in 66% (25/38) of bacterial vaginosis cases and in 10% (4/44) samples with intermediate vaginal flora. It was not detected in asymptomatic women. The bacterium was seen in 10% (3/30) women with urinary tract infection and none in pregnant women.This is the first report of Atopobiumvaginae isolation in Iran. The results of this investigation point to a clear association ofAtopobiumvaginaewith bacterial vaginosis. It should therefore be considered as a probable etiological agent
Distributed Average Tracking of Multiple Time-Varying Reference Signals With Bounded Derivatives (2012)

We present a distributed discontinuous control algorithm for a team of agents to track the average of multiple time-varying reference signals with bounded derivatives. We use tools from nonsmooth analysis to analyze the stability of the system. For time-invariant undirected connected network topologies, we prove that the states of all agents will converge to the average of the time-varying reference signals with bounded derivatives in finite time provided that the control gain is properly chosen. The validity of this result is also established for scenarios with switching undirected connected network topologies. For time-invariant directed network topologies with a directed spanning tree, we show that all agents will still reach a consensus in finite time, but the convergent value is generally not the average of the time-varying reference signals with bounded derivatives. Simulation examples are presented to show the validity of the above results.
Comparison of atazanavir with lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with prior protease inhibitor failure: a randomized multinational trial (2005)

While both treatments demonstrated good antiviral efficacy, relatively greater antiviral suppression was observed with lopinavir/ritonavir. In those patients with no NRTI mutations at baseline, both regimens demonstrated comparable virologic suppression. Atazanavir-treated patients demonstrated a superior lipid profile and required less frequent lipid-lowering treatment.
A Genetic Screen to Identify Components of the sina Signaling Pathway in Drosophila Eye Development (1998)

Specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell in the developing Drosophila eye requires the seven in absentia (sina) gene. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of sina in all cells behind the morphogenetic furrow disrupts normal eye development during pupation, resulting in a severely disorganized adult eye. Earlier events of cell fate specification appear unaffected. A genetic screen for dominant enhancers and suppressors of this phenotype identified mutations in a number of genes required for normal eye development, including UbcD1, which encodes a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; SR3-4a, a gene previously implicated in signaling downstream of Ras1; and a Drosophila homolog of the Sin3A transcriptional repressor.