gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of root surface plaque using a new 3‐D laser scanning method (1999)

There are no published reports in the literature objectively quantifying thickness of plaque on teeth. The aim of this study was to quantify plaque on a tooth surface and assess if this quantification correlates with a clinical index of plaque from each of 51 patients. Patients were instructed not to perform any oral hygiene on the day of the assessment. The Silness and Löe plaque index was scored and replicas were scanned using a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) and laser scanning probe. A replica was obtained from this surface before and after toothbrushing. Plaque adjacent to the gingival margin had a mean thickness of 0.106+/-0.118 mm (mean+/-SD) whilst mean plaque thickness 250 microm from the gingival margin was 0.053+/-0.052 mm (mean+/-SD). There was a significant correlation between the plaque index and the plaque thickness (p < or = 0.002). The finding that plaque is present in the greatest amount adjacent to the gingival margin supports a previously reported hypothesis that primary root carious lesions (PRCL's) may initiate adjacent to the gingival margin. This method quantifies plaque thickness on exposed root surfaces which correlates with the plaque index as well as illustrating how the morphological characteristics of teeth, gingivae and plaque can be studied in vivo from replicas recorded.
Standardization in Bilirubin Assays: Evaluation of Selected Methods and Stability of Bilirubin Solutions (1973)

Abstract Because of the inaccuracy of bilirubin (BIL) determinations, we have investigated some sources of error associated with the most commonly used methods. Inadequate standardization appears to be the most common error. BIL standards in either human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), or pooled human serum were analyzed by these methods. Molar absorptivities (ε) of azobilirubin by the Jendrassik—Gróf procedure were practically identical in all three protein bases. The Meites—Hogg and Malloy—Evelyn methods gave substantially higher ε values with BIL in serum than with BIL in either HSA or BSA. The precision of all methods was good, but best with the Jendrassik—Gróf procedure. BIL standards can be prepared with good reproducibility (CV &lt;0.5%). Standards deteriorate appreciably at -23 °C but are stable at -70 °C. Our data indicate a need for improved commercial BIL controls.
A Taxonomy of Data Grids for Distributed Data Sharing, Management and Processing (2005)

Data Grids have been adopted as the platform for scientific communities that need to share, access, transport, process and manage large data collections distributed worldwide. They combine high-end computing technologies with high-performance networking and wide-area storage management techniques. In this paper, we discuss the key concepts behind Data Grids and compare them with other data sharing and distribution paradigms such as content delivery networks, peer-to-peer networks and distributed databases. We then provide comprehensive taxonomies that cover various aspects of architecture, data transportation, data replication and resource allocation and scheduling. Finally, we map the proposed taxonomy to various Data Grid systems not only to validate the taxonomy but also to identify areas for future exploration. Through this taxonomy, we aim to categorise existing systems to better understand their goals and their methodology. This would help evaluate their applicability for solving similar problems. This taxonomy also provides a "gap analysis" of this area through which researchers can potentially identify new issues for investigation. Finally, we hope that the proposed taxonomy and mapping also helps to provide an easy way for new practitioners to understand this complex area of research.
Reactions of N-(Polychloroethylidene)arene-and - trifluoromethanesulfonamides with indoles (2008)

N-(Polychloroethylidene)arene-and -trifluoromethanesulfonamides reacted with indole and N-substituted indoles to give the corresponding N-[2,2-dichloro(or 2,2,2-trichloro)-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-substituted sulfonamides. Unlike N-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)trifluoromethanesulfonamide, less electrophilic N-(poly-chloroethylidene)arenesulfonamides failed to react with 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-indole. Previously unknown N,N’-bis(2,2-dichloroethylidene)biphenyl-4,4’-disulfonamide reacted with 1-benzyl-1H-indole at both azomethine fragments. Likewise, reactions of 1,6-bis(1H-indol-1-yl)hexane and 1,4-bis(1H-indol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene with N-sulfonyl trichloroacetaldehyde imines involved both indole rings in the former.
Traumatic C6–7 subluxation with anomalous course of vertebral arteries treated with pedicle screw/rod fixation (2007)

The authors report the case of a 62-year-old woman who suffered an accidental fall and complained of severe neck pain and right C-7 radiculopathy. A right C6-7 facet fracture-subluxation was diagnosed. Bone fragments impinged on the right C-7 nerve root at the neural foramen. The bilateral vertebral arteries (VAs) ascended at the anterior aspect of C-6 and C-5 and entered the transverse foramen at the C-4 level. Based on findings of anomalous VAs, the authors applied a pedicle screw (PS)/rod system to effect surgical correction of the deformity. Intraoperatively, they successfully performed reduction of the subluxation, decompression of the impinged nerve root, and minimum single-segment fusion involving the placement of a PS/rod system. After surgery, the patient's neurological deficit dramatically improved and spinal fusion was completed without any loss of deformity correction. Prior to surgery for cervical injuries, the possible presence of an abnormal VA course should be considered. Preoperative detection of anomalous VAs will affect decisions on the appropriate corrective surgery option in cases of cervical spine injuries.
An Approach to the Health Monitoring of a Pumping Unit in an Aircraft Engine Fuel System (2012)

This paper provides an approach for health monitoring through an early detection of failure modes premises. It is a physics-based model approach that captures the knowledge of the system and its degradations. The component under study is the pumping unit such as those found in aircraft engines fuel systems. First, a complete component analysis is performed to determine its potential degradation and a physics-based relevant component health indicator (CHI) is defined. Then, degradations are modelled and their impacts on the CHI are quantified using an AMESim® physics-based model. Assuming that in-flight measures are available, a model updating is performed and a healthy distribution of the CHI is computed. Eventually, a fault detection algorithm is developed and statistical validation is performed through the computation of key performance indicators (KPI). In parallel, a degradation severity indicator (DSI) is defined and prognostic is performed based on the monitoring of this DSI.
Investigation of Pyrazole Compounds. VI.<sup>1</sup> The Condensation of Some Heterocyclic Hydrazines with Ethyl Cyanoacetate (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of Pyrazole Compounds. VI.1 The Condensation of Some Heterocyclic Hydrazines with Ethyl CyanoacetateA. Weissberger and H. D. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 11, 1849–1851Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01239a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01239a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective Lanthanide Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles and Hydroxypyridinone Chelators (2020)

The octadentate hydroxypyridinone chelator 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is a promising therapeutic agent because of its high affinity for f-block elements and noncytotoxicity at medical dosages. The interaction between 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and other biomedically relevant metals such as gold, however, has not been explored. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with chelators have demonstrated great potential in theranostics, yet thus far, no protocol that combines 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and colloidal gold has been developed. Here, we characterize the solution thermodynamic properties of the complexes formed between 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and Au<sup>3+</sup> ions and demonstrate how under specific pH conditions the chelator promotes the growth of gold nanoparticles, acting as both reducing and stabilizing agent. 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) ligands on the nanoparticle surface remain active and selective toward f-block elements, as evidenced by gold nanoparticle selective aggregation. Finally, a new colorimetric assay capable of reaching the detection levels necessary for the quantification of lanthanides in waste from industrial processes is developed based on the inhibition of particle growth by lanthanides.
Recent Advances in the Pharmacotherapy of Smoking (1999)

Since the 1996 publication of guidelines on smoking cessation from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and the American Psychiatric Association, several new treatments have become available, including nicotine nasal spray, nicotine inhaler, and bupropion hydrochloride. In addition, nicotine gum and patch have become available over-the-counter. This article reviews the published literature and US Food and Drug Administration and pharmaceutical company reports on these therapies. Based on this review, clinical logic, and experience, we conclude that pharmacotherapy should be made available to all smokers. All currently available therapies appear to be equally efficacious, approximately doubling the quit rate compared with placebo. Concomitant behavioral or supportive therapy increases quit rates and should be encouraged but not required. Combining patch with gum or patch with bupropion may increase the quit rate compared with any single treatment. Because patient characteristics predictive of success with a particular therapy are not yet known, the best treatment choice for an individual patient should be guided by the patient's past experience and preference and the product's adverse effect profile.
Structure-Preserving Image Smoothing via Phase Congruency-aware Weighted Least Square (2015)

Structure-preserving image smoothing, or also understood as structure-texture separation problem, is an important topic for both computer vision and computer graphics as structure-texture separation can help better image understanding. In fact, many image processing problems can be well achieved once two layers possessing different properties of a scene are separated. Therefore better separating structure and texture from an image is of great practical importance. However, it is also a challenge topic since it is often quite subjective to tell the difference between the two layers. Recently, researchers made great efforts on separating a given image into its structure and texture layers by distinguishing edges from oscillations based on non-gradients-based descriptors or descriptors defined specifically for certain kinds of image data. These methods show advantages compared to the purely gradients-based methods with extra information provided besides gradients. In this paper, we propose a structure-texture separation method using non-gradients-based descriptor. Specially, we propose an alternative yet simple image smoothing approach based on the well-known weighted least square (WLS) framework. Our approach combines the phase congruency features that can better help locate structure or contour information of objects. Phase congruency performs well for distinguishing the structure and texture as it mimics the response of the human perception system to contours and is also sensitive to periodic patterns. By including the phase congruency as weights, WLS can better smooth out images while preserving structures. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is effective for structure-texture separation and achieves low computational complexity, compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Simple Integrated Media Access (SIMA) (1997)

The basic objectives of future Internet are to increase the network capacity, to offer a practical real-time service, and to develop a feasible charging scheme. These objectives introduce very strict requirements for the trafilc control system. This paper presents a new simple approach for traffic management: Simple Integrated Media Access (SIMA). According to the SIMA concept each customer shall define only two issues before a connection establishment: a nominal bit rate (NBR) and the selection between real-time and non-real-time service classes. NBR forms the basis of charging, and it defines how the network capacity is divided among different connections during overload situations. Simplicity of SIMA means that, on the one hand, the network operator does not guarantee the continuous availability of nominal bit rate, and on the other hand, the user is allowed to send data with any bit rate independently of the NBR. The strength of SIMA lies in its wide area of applications. There is no need to build complex systems with several service classes each appropriate to only certain applications. This paper is based mainly on an unfinished IETF draft (for this reason some figures and tables are in text format). Information about SIMA is also available from http://www-mc.nokia.com/sima/.
Protein kinase involved in lung injury susceptibility: Evidence from enzyme isoform genetic knockout and <i>in vivo</i> inhibitor treatment (2003)

Acute lung injury (ALI) associated with sepsis and iatrogenic ventilator-induced lung injury resulting from mechanical ventilation are major medical problems with an unmet need for small molecule therapeutics. Prevailing hypotheses identify endothelial cell (EC) layer dysfunction as a cardinal event in the pathophysiology, with intracellular protein kinases as critical mediators of normal physiology and possible targets for drug discovery. The 210,000 molecular weight myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210, also called EC MLCK because of its abundance in EC) is hypothesized to be important for EC barrier function and might be a potential therapeutic target. To test these hypotheses directly, we made a selective MLCK210 knockout mouse that retains production of MLCK108 (also called smooth-muscle MLCK) from the same gene. The MLCK210 knockout mice are less susceptible to ALI induced by i.p. injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide and show enhanced survival during subsequent mechanical ventilation. Using a complementary chemical biology approach, we developed a new class of small-molecule MLCK inhibitor based on the pharmacologically privileged aminopyridazine and found that a single i.p. injection of the inhibitor protected WT mice against ALI and death from mechanical ventilation complications. These convergent results from two independent approaches demonstrate a pivotal in vivo role for MLCK in susceptibility to lung injury and validate MLCK as a potential drug discovery target for lung injury.
기초연구 : 놀이치료 이론에 따른 놀이활동의 비교 (2001)

본 연구는 이론적 배경이 다른 놀이치료사들이 놀이치료 장면에서 실시하는 놀이활동들이 유사하다는 점에 착안하여 유사한 놀이치료활동들이 치료목적에 따라 어떻게 실시되는지를 비교하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 비교한 주요 놀이치료 이론들은 아동중심 놀이치료. 응 학과 놀이치료, 아들러 학파 놀이치료, 발달 놀이치료, 치료놀이, 부모놀이치료, 생태학적 놀이치료 이론들이다. 연구문제는 첫째, 놀이활동에서 치료사의 주도성에 따라 구조적, 비구조적, 절충적인 방식으로 분류하였다. 둘째, 놀이치료 이론에 따라 놀이활동의 목적을 비교하였다. 셋째, 놀이치료에서 자주 이용되는 세 가지(퓨펫, 미술, 신체) 놀이활동을 이론적 배경에 따라 적용되는 방식을 비교하였다. 놀이활동의 실시 목적을 알아보기 위하여 놀이치료 이론들의 이론적 배경, 정신병리에 대한 관점, 치료목표들을 살펴보았다.
The human T-cell factor-4 gene splicing isoforms, Wnt signal pathway, and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. (2003)

beta-Catenin and transcriptional factor TCF-4 (human T-cell factor-4) genes comprise the Wnt signal. The Wnt signal pathway plays an important role in malignant transformation. We hypothesize that the beta-catenin and TCF-4 gene and Wnt signal are important in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To test this hypothesis, we investigated TCF-4 splicing isoforms, beta-catenin, and Wnt signal pathway (cyclin D1, c-myc, c-jun, and MMP7) in three RCC cell lines (A498, Caki-1, and Caki-2), 38 primary RCCs, and 29 normal kidney samples. We also analyzed the relationship between TCF-4 gene splicing isoforms, proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index), and apoptosis [antiapoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L)), proapoptotic factors (Bak and Bax), and caspase-3] in RCC samples. In 38 RCC samples, four splicing isoforms of the TCF-4 gene were present in the region between exon 12 and exon 17. Thirty (79%) of 38 RCCs and all (100%) of the normal kidney samples showed mixed isoforms with both long and short reading frames in the COOH-terminal region, whereas the remaining 8 RCC samples showed only the long-form reading frame. Two COOH-terminal-binding protein sites were present only in the long-form reading frame. The eight RCCs that demonstrated only the long reading frame isoform showed early disease progression and poor prognosis. In these 8 RCC samples, down-regulation of cyclin D1, c-myc, c-jun, and MMP7 expression was observed at the mRNA level. In addition, a marked reduction of caspase-3 expression was also found at both the mRNA and the protein level. However, the beta-catenin gene was not overexpressed at the mRNA level and protein level, and mutation and deletion were not observed in exon 3. In these three renal cell lines, there was no significant difference in TCF-4 mRNA expression before and after 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, and there appeared to be no splicing isoforms in the region between exon 1 and exon 11. These findings suggest that alteration in beta-catenin is an infrequent event in RCC. In samples in which beta-catenin was not overexpressed, the target genes of Wnt signal were regulated through TCF-4 splicing isoforms. The imbalance between TCF-4 gene splicing isoforms with long and short reading frames is associated with RCC progression through the inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. We demonstrate for the first time that TCF-4 gene splicing isoforms and the Wnt signal pathway can induce progression of RCC by the inhibition of apoptosis and not by the induction of cell proliferation.
[Acute coronary syndrome (without ST-elevation)]. (2004)

Antithrombotic therapy in acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation should be initiated with aspirin 100 mg/day (loading dose 250-500 mg) and Clopidogrel 75 mg/day (loading dose 300 mg). In addition, anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin should be started. A GP IIb/IIIa receptor blocker can be given either upfront (Eptifibatide/Tirofiban) or directly in the cathlab preceding PCI (Abciximab). Aspirin should be given in the chronic phase lifelong, Clopidogrel for at least nine months. An invasive strategy is recommended in high-risk patients within 48 hours.
Prostate‐specific human kallikrein (hK2) as a novel marker for prostate cancer (1996)

BACKGROUND Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has aided significantly in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, more sensitive and accurate assays are needed. Presently, we are developing a sensitive immunoassay for hK2 protein for the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for hK2 were produced and used for Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry for detection of hK2 protein in serum and human tissues. The reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect hK2 mRNA from patient blood samples. RESULTS Western blot analysis demonstrated that the antibodies used are monospecific for hK2. Immunohistochemistry showed that hK2 is expressed only in prostatic epithelia. An RT-PCR study showed that hK2 mRNA would be a useful candidate for early detection of prostatic micrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS Monospecific antibodies for hK2 have been developed for detecting hK2 protein. Our studies indicate that hK2 may be a useful marker for prostate cancer. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Study of the acyl transfer reaction: Structure and properties of glycerol carbonate esters (2001)

A series of glycerol carbonate esters derived from glycerol carbonate was synthesised by acylation of glycerol carbonate in the presence of aliphatic acyl chlorides. These compounds are characterised polyoxygenated by an endocyclic diester function and an exocyclic ester function. Physical and physicochemical properties of glycerol carbonate esters are determined. These compounds present a good thermal and oxidation stability. They exhibit surfactant properties towards water/soybean oil interface. The polyfunctional properties enable developments in existing industrial applications as well as in new niche markets.
ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS VOLUME 2: IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE (1993)

The Strategic Highway Research Program sponsored research into the use of road weather information systems (RWIS) for highway snow and ice control. The research indicated that the use of RWIS technologies can improve the efficiency and effectiveness as well as reduce the costs of highway winter maintenance practices. This Volume 2 implementation guide supplements Volume 1, the research report, which documents the research. Volume 2 describes RWIS technologies available, sources of weather information, communication requirements, guidance on siting RWIS, including sample Requests for Proposals for obtaining the necessary equipment and services.
Use of the complement inhibitor Coversin to treat HSCT-associated TMA (2017)

Finding an inherited complement abnormality in HSCT-associated TMA provides a rationale for the use of a complement inhibitor.Alternative complement inhibitors such as Coversin should be considered in patients who are resistant to eculizumab.
An Investigation of Sinusoidal Speech Coding (1996)

This paper reports on a study of low bit rate speech coding based on the sinusoidal model proposed by McAulay and Quatieri. Several techniques are employed to reduce the coder's bit rate and increase the processing speed. Firstly, the Hilbert transform is used to estimate the system phase response. Secondly, a bilinear transform is used to warp the spectrum to exploit the auditory characteristics of the human ear when coding at very low rates. Thirdly, a method to estimate the initial pitch for the SEEVOC model is introduced. Finally, a simplified birth-and-death algorithm is presented. The simulation results show that the synthetic speech is of good quality at a bit rate of 4800 b/s, and is still intelligible and speaker recognizable at 1200 b/s.