gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and properties of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase from Pseudomonas species AK 1 (1977)

gamma-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase (4-trimethylaminobutyrate, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.11.1) has been isolated from Pseudomonas sp AK 1 by ion-exchange, adsorption, and molecular-sieving chromatography. The preparation was homogeneous as judged from electrophoresis in agarose and polyacrylamide gels, isoelectric focusing, and equilibrium sedimentation. The molecular mass was 95 kdaltons as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. From electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel the molecular mass was estimated to 92 kdaltons, from gel filtration through columns of Sephadex G-200 to 86 kdaltons, and from gel filtration through thin layers of Sephadex G-150 and G-200 to 82 kdaltons. Calculation of molecular mass from Stokes radius, sedimentation coefficient, and partial specific volume gave a value of 96 kdaltons, and from the sedimentation coefficient, 93 kdaltons. Gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 in 6 M guanidinium chloride and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing 3.5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in single bands with mobilities corresponding to molecular masses of 39 and 37 kdaltons, respectively, indicating that the enzyme is composed of two polypeptides chains with similar size. NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing in three cycles resulted in two amino acids in each cycle (Ala + Asn, Ala + Ile, Ala + Ile). The Stokes radius was 3.8 nm, corresponding to a diffusion coefficient of 5.7 X 10(-7) cm2/s. A sedimentation coefficient of 5.8 X 10(-13) s and a frictional ratio of 1.26 was found. The partial specific volume was 0.729 mL/g at 20 degrees C as calculated from amino acid analysis. The isoelectric point was 5.1, as determined by isoelectric focusing analysis. The light absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions was that of a protein without light-absorbing prosthetic groups. The absorption coefficient at 280 nm of a 1.0% solution at pH 6.5 was 12.6. Amino acid analysis by ion-exchange chromatography showed a half-cystine content of 19 mol per 95 kg of protein (23 residues/1000). Thirteen sulfhydryl groups were found by colorimetric analysis before as well as after reduction with NaBH4, indicating absence of disulfide bonds. Less than 0.1 mol of iron was found per mol of enzyme.
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) - The 2013 Annual Economic Report on the EU Fishing Fleet (STECF 13-15) (2013)

The 2013 Annual Economic Report (AER) on the European Union (EU) fishing fleet provides a comprehensive overview of\nthe latest information available on the structure and economic performance of EU Member States fishing fleets. The\nResults on the economic performance indicate that the EU fishing fleet was again in profitable in 2011, with 6% of income\nbeing retained as net profit. On the whole, the EU fleet showed improvements in most of the main economic\nperformance indicators analysed when compared to 2010. Yet, in view of the uncertain economic climate and rising fuel\nprices, the economic performance of the EU fleet in the near future is unclear. Projections for 2012 indicate increased\nincome for over three‐fifths of the fleets analysed but positive profit margins for less than half. This year’s publication\nincludes: (1) an economic and structural overview of the EU fishing fleet; (2) a detailed economic and structural overview\nof the fishing fleets from each EU Member State; (3) qualitative economic performance assessments for 2011 and 2012\nfor each EU Member State; (4) economic performance projections for 2013 using the EIAA and BEMTOOL models; (5)\nregional analyses of the EU fishing fleet; (6) economic assessment of fleets targeting stocks subject the EU fisheries\nmanagement plans; (7) the latest information on EU fish prices and price trends at EU and Member State level.
Editorial (2006)

As a learning disability nursing student on placement in a medical ward, I can vividly recall being told off by a senior nurse for talking to a patient. It was visiting time, and I’d apparently committed a serious faux pas by engaging a lonely-looking inpatient (one of the few with no relatives or friends clustered around his bed) in conversation. You see, it didn’t create the right image for nurses to be seen chatting to patients, and I was informed it would be far more appropriate to tidy the sluice room – which, as I recall, was already as clean as a whistle.
Lupinen‐Alkaloide, IX. Konfiguration, Synthese und Reaktionen der isomeren Hexahydrojulolidine (1958)

Abstract Durch Hydrierung von Julolidin wurden die drei isomeren Hexahydrojulolidine erhalten, die durch Chromatographie getrennt werden konnten. Die Konfigurationen der drei Isomeren werden zugeordnet und der sterische Verlauf der Reduktion und Hydrierung der Dehydrobasen untersucht. Diese Basen dienen als Modellsubstanzen für die Aufklärung der Konfiguration des Matrins.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL STRAINS IN THE <i>TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS</i> COMPLEX (1960)

Cross breeding experiments with British and North American colour forms of the mites included in the Tetranychus telarius complex suggest that T. urticae Koch is the correct name for the green form, and T. cinnabarinus Boisd. for the reddish form. Different strains, with different degrees of incompatibility, occur in each species. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG WEITERE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE GESCHLECHTLICHE ISOLATION GEOGRAPHISCHER POPULATIONEN IM TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS‐KOMPLEX Es würden Kreuzungsversuche durchgeführt, um die Verwandtschaft zwischen britischen und nordamerikanischen Farbformen des sogenannten T. telarius Komplex zu prüfen. Paarungen zwischen Vertretern der grünen Form ergaben F 1 Hybriden, die voll fortpflanzungsfähig waren, obgleich sie unterschiedliche Grade von Unverträglichkeit zeigten. Solche zwischen den rötlichen Formen. ergaben vollständige Unverträglichkeit; die F 1 Weibchen waren steril oder hatten sehr geringe Fruchtbarkeit. Wenn Nachkommen von derartigen Weibchen erzeugt wurden, waren sie männlichen Geschlechts. Die unterschiedlichen Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse, die zwischen Farbformen verschiedener geographischer Verbreitung bestehen, werden besprochen, und es wird daraus geschlossen, dass alle Angehörigen einer jeden Farbgruppe als gleiche Arten betrachtet werden müssen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass T. urticae Koch der korrekte Name ist, der jetzt für die grünen Formen angewendet werden sollte, und T. cinnabarinus Boisd. für die rötlichen Formen beizubehalten.
Isolation and characterization of a novel gene induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat liver (1997)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy in western countries. Recent work in cell biology and molecular cytogenetics has led to a large amount of data on chromosomal abnormalities in prostatic tumors. A highlight of the literature describing both classical and molecular cytogenetic studies of prostate cancer is presented. By conventional cytogenetics, predominant changes included gain of chromosome 7, loss of Y, deletions of 7q and 10q, and the appearance of double minutes. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, predominant changes included gains of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 8q sequences, 17, X and Y, and loss of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 8p sequences, 10, 10q, 16q and 17q sequences, 17 and Y. Newly defined sites by comparative genomic hybridization included loss of genetic material on 2q, 5q, 6q, 9p, 13q, 15q, 17p, and 18q, and gains at 1q, 2p, 3q, 7q, 9q, 11p, 16p, 20, 22, and X. These data indicate that multiple non-random genomic sites are involved in prostate tumorigenesis. This wide and relatively recent gain of information is likely to provide key clues to the biologic basis of this disease.
How Melanoma Cells Evade Chemotherapy (2007)

Melanomas are intrinsically resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is not a very effective way to treat metastatic melanomas. For this reason, therapy of metastatic melanoma has focused on biological approaches, with some significant recent success in immunotherapy. Still, more effective use of chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma would be a vast improvement in treatment of this disease. The design of chemotherapy to treat melanoma has been a challenging task, because the precise mechanisms of drug resistance in melanoma cells are largely unknown. Moreover, in addition to intrinsic resistance of melanoma to chemotherapy, acquired resistance could be achieved by induction or selection of heterogeneous melanoma cells with a selective growth advantage. The most common cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancers is the expression of one or more energy-dependent multidrug transporters that efflux anticancer drugs out of cells. Melanoma cells express a cluster of such transporters, which include adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC)-A9, ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein), ABCB5, ABCC1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein-1), and ABCC2 (MRP2/canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter). These transporters may be associated with resistance to a broad range of anticancer drugs in melanomas. In addition, other mechanisms of resistance are also important, including overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis, altered expression of either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and drug-detoxifying properties of melanosomes. Defining and circumventing these resistance mechanisms would be a major step toward the ultimate goal of improved treatment of melanomas.
Accurate method of representation of high-voltage measuring systems and its application in high-impulse-voltage measurements (1989)

In the paper, a method of simulation is presented which will enable computations on high-impulse-voltage measuring systems to be carried out. For a given excitation, the response of the system as well as the response time parameters can be calculated. The measuring system is represented by a chain of distributed and concentrated elements, each one simulated by a quadripole. For a given input voltage, the voltage at the output of the system can be evaluated by a step-by-step computation at each quadripole, moving from the input towards the output. The input voltage is given either by its analytical expression or by its digital form recorded by means of a fast A/D convertor (transient digitiser). On the other hand, given the output signal, as it has been distorted by the measuring system, it is possible to calculate the true input voltage by a deconvolution procedure based on the same method of simulation. The comparative measurements which were carried out proved that the calculated values of the response characteristics lie very closely to the measured ones. The proposed simulation method can be used for computer-aided design of high-voltage measuring systems and for the correction of errors introduced by these systems.
Seromarkers of collagen I and III metabolism in active Crohn's disease. Relation to disease activity and response to therapy. (1995)

Crohn's disease is characterised by gradual development of intestinal fibrotic lesions containing large amounts of collagen type I, III, and V. Measurement of circulating connective tissue metabolites has emerged as a useful tool for assessment of fibroproliferative activity in various diseases. Serum concentrations of procollagen peptides, N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PII-INP), and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), reflect the synthesis rate of the parent collagens, while the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) reflects its degradation. S-PIIINP, S-PICP, and S-ICTP were measured by radioimmunoassays in 29 patients with active Crohn's disease. S-ICTP was significantly increased, median 6.2 micrograms/l (95% CI 5.2 to 8.7 micrograms/l) versus controls 2.6 micrograms/l (2.5 to 2.7 micrograms/l) (p < 0.0001), S-PICP reduced, 100 micrograms/l (80 to 110 micrograms/l) versus 132 micrograms/l (124 to 141 micrograms/l) (p = 0.001), and S-PIIINP did not differ from controls. Patients with sustained clinical remission during prednisolone therapy exhibited an increase in S-PICP (p = 0.0052). S-PIIINP changed significantly (p = 0.0002), however, exhibiting a biphasic pattern. S-ICTP decreased (p = 0.015) in treatment responders but remained above the upper normal limit even when clinical remission had been achieved. Non-responders showed no significant changes in any of the marker molecules of collagen synthesis or degradation. Correlations were found between S-PIIINP and S-PICP (p < 0.005) and S-ICTP (p < 0.02), and between S-ICTP and S-orosomucoid (p < 0.005) and S-C reactive protein (p < 0.02). By contrast, there was no relation between the connective tissue metabolites and Harvey Bradshaw Index. These data provide evidence that collagen I degradation is increased not only in active Crohn's disease, but also in patients entering clinical remission. The concurrent normal/low-normal values of markers of collagen formation may reflect a changed local or systemic elimination of the propeptides.
Are your participants gaming the system? (2010)

In this paper we discuss a screening process used in conjunction with a survey administered via Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk. We sought an easily implementable method to disqualify those people who participate but don't take the study tasks seriously. By using two previously pilot tested screening questions, we identified 764 of 1,962 people who did not answer conscientiously. Young men seem to be most likely to fail the qualification task. Those that are professionals, students, and non-workers seem to be more likely to take the task seriously than financial workers, hourly workers, and other workers. Men over 30 and women were more likely to answer seriously.
Compact testing with intermediate signature analysis (2002)

Among a number of techniques for efficiently testing VLSI circuits, the BIST using compression technique is recognized as reliable and cost effective. While compact testing using signature analysis allows an efficient test, some faulty responses cannot be detected due to aliasing. This paper shows how the aliasing probability can be significantly reduced by a factor of 2/sup (k+1)/ when k intermediate signatures are checked. The proposed scheme can also quickly detect the fault using fewer hardware resources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new method to linearize any triangle comparison based PWM by reshaping the modulation command (2002)

A new method, which linearizes any triangle comparison based PWM in the pulse dropping region, is presented. Based on the original modulating command, the method produces a modified command as a function of the modulation index. This modified command compensates for the volt-sec which are lost due to a portion of the original modulating command exceeding the boundaries of the triangle carrier. The method eliminates the need to over-modulate in the pulse dropping region and prevents erosion of the dynamic range of the associated control. This method is applied to three common PWM algorithms. Analytical expressions are derived for each case and verified on a 100 kW AC/spl rlhar2/DC converter.
Implantation temperature dependence of Si activation in AlGaN (2006)

Si + ion implantation at a total dose of 1.0×1015cm−2 and multiple ion energies in the range of 30–190keV into Al0.13Ga0.87N layers on sapphire substrates for n-type doping was carried out at substrate temperatures ranging from −196to700°C, followed by annealing at 1150–1400°C for 5min. The activation efficiency at fixed annealing temperature (1250°C) was highest (∼50%) for room temperature implantation and degraded significantly for elevated temperature implantation. The effective Si donor ionization energy decreased with increasing annealing temperature, which may be related to the Mott transition that creates degenerate layers as the activation percentage increased. The minimum sheet resistance obtained was ∼100Ω∕sq after annealing room temperature implants at 1350–1400°C.
The Location of the Ligand-binding Site of Carbohydrate-binding Modules That Have Evolved from a Common Sequence Is Not Conserved (2001)

Polysaccharide-degrading enzymes are generally modular proteins that contain non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), which potentiate the activity of the catalytic module. CBMs have been grouped into sequence-based families, and three-dimensional structural data are available for half of these families. Clostridium thermocellum xylanase 11A is a modular enzyme that contains a CBM from family 6 (CBM6), for which no structural data are available. We have determined the crystal structure of this module to a resolution of 2.1 A. The protein is a beta-sandwich that contains two potential ligand-binding clefts designated cleft A and B. The CBM interacts primarily with xylan, and NMR spectroscopy coupled with site-directed mutagenesis identified cleft A, containing Trp-92, Tyr-34, and Asn-120, as the ligand-binding site. The overall fold of CBM6 is similar to proteins in CBM families 4 and 22, although surprisingly the ligand-binding site in CBM4 and CBM22 is equivalent to cleft B in CBM6. These structural data define a superfamily of CBMs, comprising CBM4, CBM6, and CBM22, and demonstrate that, although CBMs have evolved from a relatively small number of ancestors, the structural elements involved in ligand recognition have been assembled at different locations on the ancestral scaffold.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a sulfur dioxide complex of nickel with tris(2-diphenylphosphino)ethyl)amine (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural characterization of a sulfur dioxide complex of nickel with tris(2-diphenylphosphino)ethyl)amineC. Mealli, A. Orlandini, L. Sacconi, and P. StoppioniCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 11, 3020–3022Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50189a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50189a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Murine Dendritic Cell Line JAWS II and Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells in<i>Chlamydia muridarum</i>Antigen Presentation and Induction of Protective Immunity (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) appear to orchestrate much of the immunobiology of Chlamydia infection, but most studies of Chlamydia-DC interaction have been limited by the availability and heterogeneity of primary bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). We therefore evaluated the immunobiology of Chlamydia muridarum infection in an immortal DC line termed JAWS II derived from BMDCs of a C57BL/6 p53-knockout mouse. JAWS II cells were permissive to the developmental cycle of Chlamydia. Infection-induced cell death was 50 to 80% less in JAWS II cells than in BMDCs. Chlamydia infected JAWS II cells and yielded infectious progeny 10-fold greater than that with primary BMDCs. JAWS II cells showed an expression pattern of cell activation markers and cytokine secretion following Chlamydia infection similar to that of primary BMDCs by up-regulating the expression of CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex class II and secreting significant amounts of interleukin-12 (IL-12) but not IL-10. JAWS II cells pulsed with Chlamydia stimulated immune CD4(+) T cells to secrete gamma interferon. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo Chlamydia-pulsed JAWS II cells conferred levels of immunity on C57BL/6 mice similar to those conferred by primary BMDCs. Taken together, the data show that JAWS II cells exhibit immunobiological characteristics and functions similar to those of primary BMDCs in terms of Chlamydia antigen presentation in vitro and antigen delivery in vivo. We conclude that the JAWS II cell line can substitute for primary BMDCs in Chlamydia immunobiological studies.
Large-Scale Software Testing Environment Using Cloud Computing Technology for Dependable Parallel and Distributed Systems (2010)

Various information systems are widely used in information society era, and the demand for highly dependable system is increasing year after year. However, software testing for such a system becomes more difficult due to the enlargement and the complexity of the system. In particular, it is too difficult to test parallel and distributed systems sufficiently although dependable systems such as high-availability servers usually form parallel and distributed systems. To solve these problems, we proposed a software testing environment for dependable parallel and distributed system using the cloud computing technology, named D-Cloud. D-Cloud includes Eucalyptus as the cloud management software, and FaultVM based on QEMU as the virtualization software, and D-Cloud frontend for interpreting test scenario. D-Cloud enables not only to automate the system configuration and the test procedure but also to perform a number of test cases simultaneously, and to emulate hardware faults flexibly. In this paper, we present the concept and design of D-Cloud, and describe how to specify the system configuration and the test scenario. Furthermore, the preliminary test example as the software testing using D-Cloud was presented. Its result shows that D-Cloud allows to set up the environment easily, and to test the software testing for the distributed system.
A Case Study on the Development for P2P Network Connection Module by using Virtools Engine (2006)

It is necessary that the developer has advanced programming skill for development of network or online game. It takes a lot of time and effort to learn the professional knowledge and program for network communication. We show the case analysis for development for network or online game by developing P2P connection module based on the Virtools engine. It should profitable to reduce the development time and cost.