gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a novel high-performance sensorless control system for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (2010)

This study proposes a novel high-performance rotor position estimator for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). By suitably processing the mathematical model of the motor, a systematic method of the rotor position estimating method has been developed. The proposed control system can be used in the space vector pulse-width modulation switching method, which is widely used in industry. By measuring the DC-bus voltage and the phase currents, a systematic rotor position estimator has been developed. Finally, the rotor position and rotor speed are obtained, and a closed-loop control system can be achieved. A digital signal processor, TMS 320F2812, is used to execute the estimating algorithm and control algorithm. As a result, the hardware is very simple. Several experimental results show that both the position control system and the adjustable speed control system are achieved. The system can be adjusted from 1 to 2000 r/min. In addition, by using the proposed position-loop H∞ controller, the position control system can be achieved with satisfactory performance. This study proposes a new method for a sensorless interior PMSM control system.
Effect of dilazep on abnormal urinary N-acetyl-.BETA.-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) excretion in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. (1989)

Forty-two patients (19 men, 23 women) with NIDDM recruited from the out-patient clinic were studied to evaluate the effect of dilazep dihydrochloride (dilazep) on abnormal urinary NAG excretion. All patients, who showed persistently high NAG excretion in urine, had no other complications including hypertension, proteinuria, and clinically significant retinopathy. Patients whose HbAic or fasting plasma glucose levels had been altered over 10% of pre-administration levels throughout the observation period were excluded. The mean age was 57±12 yr (range 29-75). Blood and urinary analyses were attained before, at one month, three months, and six months after the administration of dilazep (300mg/day). In three months, urinary NAG/Cr ratio as well as NAG concentra tion were significantly reduced (P<0.001). This effect has been observed throughout the observation period of six months. No adverse effects were observed in our patients. These results suggest that dilazep is a useful drug for the improvement of latent diabetic nephropathy indicated by the abnormal NAG excretion in urine.
Erfahrungen mit VDM bei der Übersetzungskonstruktion/ Experiences with VDM in Compiler Construction (1987)

Article Erfahrungen mit VDM bei der Übersetzungskonstruktion/ Experiences with VDM in Compiler Construction was published on April 1, 1987 in the journal it - Information Technology (volume 29, issue 4).
Gibbsian Surface Excess for Gas AdsorptionRevisited (1999)

The Gibbsian surface excess (GSE) represents the true experimental variable for measuring pure and multicomponent gas adsorption equilibria and kinetics by all conventional adsorption methods (volumetric, gravimetric, chromatographic, column dynamic, total desorption, isotope exchange, etc). The GSE can be used as primary variables to formulate the general thermodynamic and kinetic models for adsorption on energetically homogeneous and heterogeneous adsorbents. Thus, practical thermodynamic properties like surface potentials, isosteric heats of adsorption of components, and heat capacities of adsorption systems can be estimated using GSE. Several thermodynamic consistency tests (differential and integral) for binary adsorption systems can also be formulated using GSE. A mathematical framework describing the isothermal and nonisothermal column dynamics for adsorption of multicomponent gas mixtures can be developed using GSE. It can be used to simulate practical process design models (pressure and thermal swing adsorption) for gas mixture separation and purification. There is no need to estimate actual amounts adsorbed from the measured GSE variables by making ambiguous assumptions about the size of the adsorbed phase. The experimental GSE can be used to completely describe all practical thermodynamic, kinetic, column dynamic, and process design aspects of gas adsorption technology.
Molecular orientation induced by cooling stresses. Birefringence in polycarbonate: III. Constrained quench and injection molding (1994)

Abstract Residual stress and birefringence distributions are determined in polycarbonate samples obtained by quenching in a specially designed apparatus and by injection molding. The molecular orientation is distinguished from the thermally and pressure‐induced residual stresses. The birefringence in the quenched samples is found to be positive and almost constant, independent of the quench temperature, but varying strongly with initial quench temperature between 150 and 180°C. The residual stress level, as determined by layer removal and sectioning, is very low. The birefringence distribution is mainly due to a tensile equibiaxial orientation induced by transient cooling stresses built up above T g . The samples which are injection‐molded with a high injection speed and without packing pressure display the same birefringence distribution as the quenched samples, apart from a local maximum beneath the surface due to the shear flow during filling. Apart from the flow during filling and packing, the frozen‐in molecular orientation in injection‐molded samples is also induced by transient thermal stresses present during vitrification. The birefringence from thermally induced orientation was found to be of comparable magnitude to that from flow‐induced orientation. For a correct prediction of molecular orientation the thermal strains above T g must therefore be included in simulation programs. Because of the low level of thermal stresses, the application of a packing pressure will lead to tensile stresses at the surface in general. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extensive Reading as a Basis of Written and Oral Output in EFL Learning / Teaching (2012)

This paper examines the benefits and limitations of using extensive reading (ER) as a means through which to nurture communicative competence in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL), and the paper further discusses the mutual relationships between such factors as extensive input, noticing, interaction and intake in improving second language performance. Lastly, it will be argued in the paper that the positive roles of ER just below the current level of learners’ language proficiency should be recognized and increasingly used with EFL learners with ER playing a key role in the EFL course of study in schools.
Oxidative coupling of methane to form ethylene: Effect of the preparation method on the phase composition and catalytic properties of Li-W-Mn-O-SiO2 composite materials (2015)

Production of ethylene by oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a promising direct path from methane to ethylene. Li-W-Mn-O-SiO2 composite materials prepared by various methods—solid-phase synthesis, silica impregnation, sol-gel synthesis—are used as OCM catalysts. The phase states of these composite materials prepared by the different methods has been studied before and after use in the OCM reaction; the study has unexpectedly revealed the effect of the preparation technique on the phase composition of the material and the specific features of its catalytic behavior in OCM. Optimum catalysts provide an ethylene yield of 15% in terms of passed methane.
Gyrification from constrained cortical expansion (2014)

The exterior of the mammalian brain--the cerebral cortex--has a conserved layered structure whose thickness varies little across species. However, selection pressures over evolutionary time scales have led to cortices that have a large surface area to volume ratio in some organisms, with the result that the brain is strongly convoluted into sulci and gyri. Here we show that the gyrification can arise as a nonlinear consequence of a simple mechanical instability driven by tangential expansion of the gray matter constrained by the white matter. A physical mimic of the process using a layered swelling gel captures the essence of the mechanism, and numerical simulations of the brain treated as a soft solid lead to the formation of cusped sulci and smooth gyri similar to those in the brain. The resulting gyrification patterns are a function of relative cortical expansion and relative thickness (compared with brain size), and are consistent with observations of a wide range of brains, ranging from smooth to highly convoluted. Furthermore, this dependence on two simple geometric parameters that characterize the brain also allows us to qualitatively explain how variations in these parameters lead to anatomical anomalies in such situations as polymicrogyria, pachygyria, and lissencephalia.
The beet armyworm in floricultural crops (1987)

Common in field and vegetable crops, the beet armyworm has invaded flower crops. It's hard to control with insecticides and can quickly build resistance. Microbial insecticides may be an effective alternative.
Robust and efficient synchronous buck converter with near-optimal dead-time control (2011)

In switching power converters, the turn on/off process of switches is crucial for the reliability and efficiency of the converter. In general, optimum switching is challenging, and it is particularly difficult for hard switching. The MOSFET synchronous buck converter having wide applications due to high switching speed and low loss, however, operates in hard switching and needs a good timing control for its switching. On/off commutation dead-times should be adjusted care fully in accordance with load current change. Previous work on the dead-time control includes predictive gate drive technique, load current sensing, sensor-less optimization technique, and delay-locked loops. These techniques have problems of sensing noisy switching node or load current, and requiring high quantizing resolution. In this paper, a near optimum dead-time control method is proposed that resolves such problem.
Mode of Parasitism of Meloidogyne and Other Nemaiode Eggs by Dactylella oviparasitica. (1979)

Hyphae of Dactylella oviparasitica proliferated rapidly through MeIoidogyne egg masses, and appressoria formed when they contacted eggs. The fungus probably penetrated egg shells mechanically, although chitinase production detected in culture suggested that enzymatic penetration was also possible. In soil, D. oviparasitica invaded egg masses soon after they were deposited on the root surface and eventually parasitized most of the first eggs laid. Occasionally the fungus grew into Meloidogyne females, halting egg production prematurely. The fungus parasitized eggs in the gelatinous matrix or eggs freed from the matrix and placed on agar or in soil. Specificity in nematode egg parasitism was not displayed, for D. oviparasitica parasitized eggs of four Meloidogyne spp., Acrobeloides sp., Heterodera schachtii, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans. In tests in a growth chamber, parasitism by D. oviparasitica suppressed galling on M. incognita-infected tomato plants.
Grain Growth in Very Porous Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Compacts (1972)

Extensive grain growth was observed by scanning electron microscopy in very porous Al 2 O 3 compacts, even at densities <40% of theoretical. After ∼7% shrinkage at 1700°C, the grain size increased from ∼0.3 to 0.51 μm in a compact having a relative green density of 0.31. During grain growth in highly porous compacts, the grains appear initially to be chainlike, then to be oblong, and finally to be equiaxed. The proposed mechanism of initial grain growth involves the filling of necks between adjacent grains followed by the movement of the grain boundary through the smaller grain. Although grain growth in very porous compacts is quite different from coalescence and ordinary grain growth, the kinetics are similar.
Proteolytic enzyme conjugated to SC-glucan as an enzymatic transdermal drug penetration enhancer. (2003)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of papain, a proteolytic enzyme, on the percutaneous absorption of drugs. To guarantee the enzyme stability during the skin penetration, papain was modified by the conjugation to SC-glucan. The enhancing activity of drug penetration was evaluated using antipyrine and indomethacin as hydrophilic and hydrophobic model drugs, respectively. The SC-glucan-papain conjugate was found to be very effective for facilitating the percutaneous absorption of antipyrine. Microscopic observations showed that the thickness of stratum corneum and viable epidermis was increased by the treatment of the SC-glucan-papain conjugate. Moreover, it induced phase separation, lacuna formation, and lamellar disruption within the stratum corneum interstices. These structural changes by the SC-glucan-papain conjugate are likely to be induced from hydrolysis of extensive crosslinking of corneocyte envelopes and intracellular proteins. However, the SC-glucan-papain conjugate showed no skin irritation according to the Draize test, which may be due to the difficulty of the SC-glucan-papain conjugate in penetrating into the skin.
Enhancing the Web's infrastructure: from caching to replication (1997)

The World Wide Web and the phrase 'traffic jam' have become as linked in the minds of many computer users as are the urban superhighway and rush hour to the early morning commuter. Insufficient bandwidth causing high latency are the order of the day. Caching is a standard solution for this type of problem, and it was applied to the Web early on for this reason. The more advanced approaches of replication and application level naming were introduced to further attack the problem. However, these complex methods could easily exacerbate the situation if the implementation is not well designed and the results are not evaluated carefully. This article examines the benefits that can be obtained from both caching and replication by analyzing the performance of the main proxy cache at the University of Kaiserslautern as well as a system of replicate servers designed and implemented at the University's System Software research group. Our data show that replication in particular helps to reduce overall bandwidth as well as user-perceived latency. It can also provide a more fault-tolerant and evenly balanced system.
4. The Piprāhwā Stūpa (1898)

this list of the treasure from the Piprahwa Stupa, now presented by Mr. Peppe to the Indian Museum, in continuation of my article which appeared in the July number of this Journal. I understand that Mr. Peppe has retained a few duplicates. The Trustees of the Indian Museum have been asked to distribute some duplicate objects to the Provincial Museum, Lucknow, and to the British Museum.
Thiol−Ene Free-Radical and Vinyl Ether Cationic Hybrid Photopolymerization (2007)

The photopolymerization kinetics of mixtures containing a trithiol and a trivinyl ether (in different molar ratios) with a cationic photoinitiator were investigated by real-time infrared and real-time rheology. Using this combination of real-time methods to follow both chemical conversion and rheological property development, a clear picture of physical property development during the complete polymerization process is obtained. This represents the first example of a thiol−ene radical/ene cationic two-step hybrid photopolymerization process in which thiol copolymerizes with vinyl ether functional groups in a rapid radical step growth process followed by vinyl ether cationic homopolymerization. The sequential thiol−vinyl ether copolymerization and the vinyl ether cationic polymerization result in cross-linked networks with thermal and mechanical properties that are combinations of each system.
Peer-to-Peer Computing: Technologies for Sharing and Collaborating on the Net (2001)

From the Publisher:
This insider's account of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Computing takes you from past experimental projects to the present resurgence, and looks into its future as a computing model for business and consumers on the Internet. Whether you are an application developer, an IT professional, or an end user, this book will help you discover what the P2P buzz is all about. Included are some early success stories and discussions of the challenges still ahead. Learn about the technologies that form the foundation on which P2P applications can be developed. Read about solutions and innovations from the pioneering work done by the most creative developers in the P2P arena. This book portrays P2P computing as a viable set of technologies and a computing model for business and the enterprise, as well as for self-organized, self-managed online communities of consumers. P2P is about secure direct exchanges and sharing of resources at the edge of the network. It enhances and complements current network computing in wonderful and exciting ways. At home and in the corporate world, for e-Commerce and for entertainment, P2P enables novel applications and images in three categories: meaningful collaborations through direct exchanges, relevant content discovery and delivery, and efficient use of shared resources.
Molecular genetic characterization of an X‐linked form of Leigh's syndrome (1993)

We report a patient with necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's syndrome) associated with a deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. The underlying mutation is an A to C transversion in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 alpha subunit gene. As the E1 alpha subunit is encoded on the X chromosome, this observation confirms that some patients with Leigh's syndrome may potentially exhibit X-linked inheritance.
A Biodegradable Poly‐<i>l</i>‐lactic Acid Coronary Stent in the Porcine Coronary Artery (1999)

Although biocompatibility of biodegradable stents is controversial, stents made of high molecular weight poly‐ l ‐lactic acid (PLLA) are thought to be the most promising. We investigated the biocompatibility of PLLA stents histologically and angiographically in porcine coronary arteries. The Igaki‐Tamai stent is made of PLLA monofilaments (molecular mass 183 kD) with a zigzag helical coil design. Fourteen PLLA stents in 6 pigs and 9 Palmaz‐Schatz half stents in 9 pigs were implanted in 15 normocholesterolemic pigs. Stents were mounted on a delivery catheter, and were implanted percutaneously into coronary arteries. Coronary angiography was performed before and immediately after stenting, at 2 and 6 weeks in five PLLA pigs and nine Palmaz‐Schatz pigs. Histological studies were performed in PLLA pigs: 2 pigs at 2 weeks, 3 pigs at 6 weeks, and 1 pig at 16 weeks with hematoxylin‐eosin and elastica van Giesons stains. All PLLA stents were successfully delivered. No stent thrombosis was detected in either group. There were no significant differences in minimal lumen diameter (MLD) or percent diameter stenosis between the PLLA and Palmaz‐Schatz stent groups immediately after implantation, or at 2 or 6 weeks after implantation. Histological studies at 2, 6, and 16 weeks revealed no inflammation and minimal neointimal coverage on the PLLA stent struts. The PLLA stent maintained its structure for up to 16 weeks. These results suggest sufficient biocompatibility and strength of PLLA biodegradable stents in porcine coronary arteries. Clinical trial is now underway to validate the safety and usefulness of PLLA stents in humans.
Liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde): Exemplifying the benefits of nanotherapeutic drugs (2022)

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase inhibitor, widely used in treatment of malignancies including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as part of the FOLFIRINOX regimen prescribed as a first-line treatment in several countries. However, irinotecan has not been successfully introduced as a second-line treatment for pancreatic cancer and few randomized clinical studies have evaluated its added value. Efficacy of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV) was reported in the phase III NAPOLI-1 trial in metastatic PDAC following failure of gemcitabine-based therapy. Several features of nal-IRI pharmacokinetics (PK) could result in better outcomes versus nonliposomal irinotecan. Irinotecan is a prodrug that is converted to active SN-38 by carboxylesterase enzymes and inactivated by cytochrome P450 3A4/3A5. SN-38 is inactivated by UGT1A1 enzymes. Individual variations in their expression and activity could influence enhanced localized irinotecan activity and toxicity. Liposomal irinotecan exploits the enhanced permeability and retention effect in cancer, accumulating in tumor tissues. Liposomal irinotecan also has a longer half-life and higher area under the concentration-time curve (0-∞) than nonliposomal irinotecan, as the liposomal formulation protects cargo from premature metabolism in the plasma. This results in irinotecan activation in tumor tissue, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity. Importantly, despite the longer exposure, overall toxicity for nal-IRI is no worse than nonliposomal irinotecan. Liposomal irinotecan exemplifies how liposomal encapsulation of a chemotherapeutic agent can alter its PK properties, improving clinical outcomes for patients. Liposomal irinotecan is currently under investigation in other malignancies including biliary tract cancer (amongst other gastrointestinal cancers), brain tumors, and small-cell lung cancer.
ARSC: Augmented Reality Student Card (2010)

Augmented Reality (AR) is the technology of adding virtual objects to the real scenes through enabling the addition of missing information at real life. As the lack of resources is a problem that can be solved through AR, this paper represents and explains the usage of AR technology in what can be named Augmented Reality Student Card (ARSC) for serving the education field. ARSC uses single static markers combined in one card for assigning different objects, leaving the choice to the computer application for minimizing the tracking process. ARSC is designed to be a useful low cost solution for serving the education field. ARSC represents any lesson in a 3D format that helps students to visualize the facts, interact with theories and deal with the information in a totally new effective and interactive way. ARSC can be used in offline, online and game applications with seven markers, four of them are used as a joystick game controller. One of the novelties in this paper is that full experimental tests had been made for the ARTag marker set for sorting them according to their efficiency. The results of the tests are used in this research to choose the most efficient markers for ARSC, and can be used for further researches. The experimental work that had been made in this paper also shows the constraints for marker creation for an AR application. Due to the need to work for online and offline application, merging of toolkits and libraries has been made, as presented in this paper. ARSC was examined by a number of students of both genders with average age between 10-17 years and it was found to have a great acceptance among them.