gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computerized Information Resources in Toxicology and Industrial Health-a Review (1986)

The explosion in scientific information presents problems for toxicologists and industrial health specialists who need to respond rapidly and comprehensively to the information needs of the public, government and industry. The application of information technology enables large volumes of toxicology and industrial health information to be stored and retrieved through a variety of data-base resources. Three different categories of databases are described: dictionary, bibliographic and informational types. Examples of specific toxicology and industrial health databases within each category are given; their origin, style and content are reviewed. Specialists in the industrial health field are encouraged to improve their knowledge and literacy in the new disciplines of information technology and information science.
Reversible Audio Data Hiding Using Linear Prediction and Error Expansion (2011)

Reversible data hiding is a technique where hidden data is embedded in host data, such that the consistency of the host is perfectly preserved and the host data is restored during the extraction process of the hidden data. Herein, improvements to the conventional technique for reversible data hiding of audio waveforms are proposed. As no location map is required to prevent amplitude overflow, the proposed method achieves a storage capacity of nearly 1 bit per sample of payload data. The proposed method is superior in terms of having a smaller loss of payload data and little objective quality degradation on average. Concealment of payload within the host data is also better than when using the conventional method.
The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sim } 3\,{\times } 10^{20}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Electron Concentration and Low Specific Contact Resistivity of Phosphorus-Doped Ge on Si by <italic>In-Situ</italic> Chemical Vapor Deposition Doping and Laser Annealing (2015)

The phosphorus incorporation by chemical vapor deposition and activation by laser annealing reaches the electron concentration of ~3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . The pulsed laser not only activates the phosphorus but also produces the biaxial tensile strain of 0.35%. With the nickel germanide contact, the specific contact resistivity reaches as low as 1.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> by greatly reducing the tunneling distance. Due to 4% misfit between Ge and Si, there are still misfit dislocations near the Ge/Si interface. The misfit dislocations at the Ge/Si interface lead to the ideality factor of 1.6 for the Ge/Si hetero-junction diode with ON/OFF ratio of ~1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> .
Human detection range by active Doppler and passive ultrasonic methods (2008)

Human motion can be characterized as a periodic, temporal process of a mechanical system and can be detected by active and passive ultrasonic methods. The active method utilizes Doppler ultrasound to characterize the motion of individual body parts (torso, legs, arms, etc.). The friction forces of a footstep produce broadband sound signals that can be measured by passive ultrasonic sensors. Comparison of Doppler motion and the footstep signals reveals a strong correlation of features between the footstep friction and the maximum Doppler shift. This article presents test results from measurements of human motion and evaluates the detection range for the passive ultrasonic method.
Random discrete PWM method for DC-DC power converters (1996)

A random discrete pulse-width modulation (RDPWM) scheme is examined and compared with the randomised pulse-position modulation (RPPM) method for DC-DC power conversion. The RDPWM method has no switching harmonics while the RPPM method has significant switching harmonics. Power spectral characteristics of the two methods are presented and discussed.
Performance Analysis of Minimum&lt;tex&gt;$ell_1$&lt;/tex&gt;-Norm Solutions for Underdetermined Source Separation (2004)

Results of the analysis of the performance of minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions in underdetermined blind source separation, that is, separation of n sources from m(<n) linearly mixed observations, are presented in this paper. The minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions are known to be justified as maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) solutions under a Laplacian prior. Previous works have not given much attention to the performance of minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions, despite the need to know about its properties in order to investigate its practical effectiveness. We first derive a probability density of minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions and some properties. We then show that the minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions work best in a case in which the number of simultaneous nonzero source time samples is less than the number of sensors at each time point or in a case in which the source signals have a highly peaked distribution. We also show that when neither of these conditions is satisfied, the performance of minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions is almost the same as that of linear solutions obtained by the Moore-Penrose inverse. Our results show when the minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solutions are reliable.
Case 101 (2010)

This is a case from the Pericardial Disease section of Cardiac Imaging Cases. The specific content of each case and its diagnosis are necessarily hidden from this abstract. Each case contains case history, followed immediately by the diagnosis, which is supported with findings, differential diagnosis, teaching points, management, and further reading suggestions.
Product Authentication Using QR Codes: A Mobile Application to Combat Counterfeiting (2016)

Counterfeiting is one of the biggest challenges for the authenticity of genuine products. An estimated average of 8–9 % trade consists of counterfeit goods that create a loss of revenue. To combat this situation, the product manufacturers use hologram and barcodes. The issue of genuine product remains the primary challenge in the market. With emerging trends in mobile and wireless technology, Quick Response (QR) codes provide a robust technique to fight the practice of counterfeiting the products. Apart from being used extensively in marketing and information transfer applications, the QR codes and encrypted QR codes are primarily used in security and privacy applications. Many web applications use QR codes for secure login where the user need not remember his/her login ID and password. The encrypted unique user ID is verified at the server using QR codes. Our proposed approach uses QR codes based on 2-dimensional codes (such as 19 Aztec, Data Matrix, etc.) to authenticate the product. This approach simplifies the size of QR code, and minimizes the complexity of encoding and decoding in QR code.
The evidence on bribery in East Africa is stacked against China - taking shortcuts that fuel corruption in the region, Chinese business interests will suffer in the long term : East Africa - issue in focus (2014)

Corruption is a malady often excused as a normal part of East African business culture; its corrosive effects on national growth are well known. Not just China's, but all foreign nationals' interests are tarnished by perpetuating what is increasingly defined in law as a crime.
Oxygen Delivery and Uptake Relationships in Patients with Aortic Stenosis (1994)

Previous studies have reported finding supply-dependent O2 uptake (VO2) in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, chronic obstructive lung disease, sleep apnea, and other cardiopulmonary diseases. A common element among these diverse conditions is the potential to reduce systemic O2 delivery (QO2 = cardiac output.arterial O2 content). The aim of the present study was to determine whether patients with aortic stenosis also exhibit increases in VO2 when O2 delivery is increased after valvuloplasty. Fifty-six patients were studied while breathing room air in the supine position. Expired gases for determination of O2 uptake (VO2 [measured]), cardiac output (thermodilution), arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and hemodynamic measurements were obtained immediately before and within 30 min after aortic valvuloplasty. After valvuloplasty, VO2 (measured) increased from 3.03 +/- 0.51 to 3.24 +/- 0.62 ml/min/kg (p < 0.0001). However, O2 extraction ratio did not change from baseline levels (32.16 +/- 10.1%) after valvuloplasty (32.21 +/- 8.25%, p = not significant). These results could have occurred only if O2 delivery had also increased. Accordingly, Fick-derived Q and corresponding QO2 (Fick) both increased significantly, suggesting the presence of O2 supply-dependent VO2. However, neither Q (thermodilution) nor QO2 (thermodilution) changed significantly, and regression of VO2 (measured) against QO2 (thermodilution) failed to detect a relationship. We conclude that patients with aortic stenosis exhibit increases in O2 delivery and uptake after valvuloplasty, although this may or may not reflect covert tissue hypoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Radiated emission far-field propagation with multiple ground stitch locations within a printed circuit board (2010)

Printed circuit boards (PCB) exhibit numerous properties related to the development of common-mode currents created by digital components. When multiple devices are switching simultaneously, a complex RF field will propagate into free space from package bond wires, the silicon die itself, via implementation, poor transmission line routing, the physical board edge, interconnects, and numerous other areas generally not recognized by the designer. The majority of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is associated with a poor power distribution network (PDN). Do we really know where the EMI is coming from with a fully populated assembly and what are the effects of increasing the number of ground stitch locations to chassis ground to disrupt propagating RF? Measurement of propagated field amplitude is easy related to regulatory compliance standards. Within a complex PCB, one generally does not know the source of the EMI based on only simulation, since many second and third order parasitics are unknown to the designer. This paper investigates overall effects of disrupting the dipole antenna structure of the power distribution network in the far field using numerous source stimuli versus a simple single source stimulus along with simple transmission line routing to a simple end termination.
A ZCT auxiliary commutation circuit for interleaved boost converters operating in critical conduction mode (2002)

This paper investigates a power-factor-corrector (PFC) circuit based on interleaved boost converters in critical conduction mode (C-DCM) with a zero current transition (ZCT) circuit. By using the interleaved converters technique, the input current ripple is minimized, and due to the operation in C-DCM, the main switches turn-on occurs naturally under zero current and the reverse recovery losses of the diodes are minimized. The use of auxiliary commutation circuits provides ZCT at main switches turn-off, minimizing the related turn-off losses. The command circuit of the converters has been implemented by using a single erasable programmable logic device (EPLD) EPM7128SLC84-15. Operating principles, theoretical analysis, design guidelines and a design example are described and verified experimentally by a 1.2 kW prototype. Finally, the measured losses in the PFC interleaved boost converters with and without the proposed ZCT commutation cell, as well as a previously published ZCT cell are presented and discussed.
Spin-battery and spin-current transport through a quantum dot (2004)

We compare various recently proposed spin-battery devices which provide source of spin current. We sort them into three types according to the chemical-potential setup: the symmetric dipolar, the asymmetric dipolar, and the unipolar spin batteries. We propose a model in which these three different types of spin battery are coupled to the same quantum dot to generate spin-current transport. We find that the dipolar spin batteries give similar results while very different results are found for the unipolar device.
Pressure Dependence of Superconductivity in Single-Phase K <sub>3</sub> C <sub>60</sub> (1991)

The superconducting compound K(3)C(60) (with transition temperature T(c) = 19.3 kelvin at ambient pressure), formed as a single phase by reaction of alkali vapor with solids of the icosahedral C(60) molecule (buckminsterfullerene), shows a very large decrease of T(c) with increasing pressure. Susceptibility measurements on sintered pellets showing bulk superconductivity are reported up to 21 kilobars of pressure, where T(c) is already less than 8 kelvin. The results are consistent with a piling up of the density of states at the Fermi level.
德意志捷豹——GSG-9特种部队及联邦边防军飞机队 (2002)

他们被认为是德国，甚至是全欧洲最出色的真升飞机员。一们意大利龙骑兵特种部队（GIS）的军官称赞道：“他们拥有法拉力赛车手般的高速驾驶技能，会计师般沉着的性格以及脑外科医生般的双手。”
Polyclonal primitive hematopoietic progenitors can be detected in mobilized peripheral blood from patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (1995)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) form a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders with unfavourable prognosis. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment, but remains limited to a small subgroup of younger patients with HLA-compatible donors. As autologous stem cell transplantation is currently being explored as an alternative treatment strategy for MDS, more information needs to be acquired regarding the clonal nature of the progenitor cells in these autografts. Therefore, we have analyzed the clonal patterns of highly purified hematopoietic progenitors and their mature daughter cells in mobilized peripheral blood collections produced from five female patients with high-risk MDS in complete hematologic remission. X-chromosome activation patterns of flow-sorted immature (CD34 + 38low, CD34 + 33low) and committed (CD34 + 38high, CD34 + 33high) progenitors were studied with the polymerase chain reaction-based HUMARA assay. In four patients, a polyclonal remission was shown in all stem cell subpopulations and their mature daughter cells whereas one patient was found to remain skewed in all fractions, except T lymphocytes. This study provides strong evidence that polyclonal immature hematopoietic progenitors can be mobilized and harvested in patients high-risk MDS after treatment with high-dose chemotherapy.
Ultra-uniform threshold voltage in SONOS-type non-volatile memory with novel charge trap layer formed by plasma nitridation (2006)

We have proposed a new method to prepare thin nitrogen-based charge trap layer for scaled-down SONOS with thin EOT (<12nm). Devices employing an ONO prepared by the newly proposed method, a N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -plasma treated base oxide topped by an HTO, showed unprecedented V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> uniformity, carrier localization and good retention characteristics. An overall comparison with Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -SONOS is given. They also offer excellent transistor characteristics (high on-current and low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ), making them ideal for future scaled low-voltage embedded applications with fast readout
Limited role of culture conversion for decision-making in individual patient care and for advancing novel regimens to confirmatory clinical trials (2016)

Culture conversion during treatment for tuberculosis, however measured, has only a limited role in decision-making for advancing regimens into phase III trials or in predicting the outcome of treatment for individual patients. REMoxTB ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00864383.
Specificity of mental color codes. (1981)

This experiment used a priming paradigm to examine the specificity of mental color codes. On each trial subjects judged whether two color chips were physically identical. On primed trials under the chip condition the prototype color chip was presented for 2 sec prior to the test pair. Under the visual and auditory name conditions the category name was presented prior to the test pair. For same judgments, the chip prime facilitated responses to good members of the color category but inhibited responses to poor members. Under the same conditions the category prime facilitated responses at all goodness levels. It was argued that, under the present conditions, information contained in the mental representation generated to the category name was less specific than that contained in the physical code produced when the prototype chip was perceived.
Mode change method of bi-directional DC/DC converter for electric vehicle (2011)

In this paper, a mode change method is proposed to charge and discharge a battery safely which is the main energy source of electric vehicle. To verify the proposed mode change method, a simulation is performed with a bi-directional converter of a multi-phase which is using vehicle system. The three phase interleaved bi directional DC/DC converter performs average current control for each phase inductor current. And the proposed mode change method is applied for the operation from step up(boost) to step-down(buck). The mode change method is proposed that can be limited overshoot current for transition and improving a dynamic current characteristic. To confirm the validity of the proposed method, its operation and performance are verified through a simulation and experiment with inverter for IPMSM.
Designer Perfect Light Absorption Using Ultrathin Lossless Dielectrics on Absorptive Substrates (2018)

Abstract Optical absorbers comprised of an ultrathin lossy dielectric film on an opaque metallic substrate are an attractive alternative to lithographically intense metamaterial and nanoplasmonic optical absorbers as they allow for large‐scale, cost‐effective fabrication. However, requiring that the dielectric is lossy and the metallic substrate is highly reflective but not a perfect electric conductor (PEC) limits the wavelength range and materials that can be used to realize strong to perfect light absorption. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally investigate light absorption using ultrathin lossless dielectric films. By choosing proper lossless ultrathin dielectrics and substrates, iridescence free, perfect light absorption is possible over the visible, near infrared (NIR), and short‐wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength ranges with designer absorption properties. The proposed class of ultrathin film absorbers relaxes many constraints on the type of materials used to realize perfect light absorption. The flexibility of our design makes it relevant for many applications specifically in structural coloring, selective thermal emission, thermo‐photovoltaics, photo‐thermoelectric generation, and gas sensing.
Low Thermal Budget Monolithic Integration of Evanescent-Coupled Ge-on-SOI Photodetector on Si CMOS Platform (2010)

The design and fabrication of a monolithically integrated evanescent-coupled Ge-on-silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photodetector and CMOS circuits were realized on common SOI platform using an ¿electronic-first and photonic-last¿ integration approach. High-performance detector with an integrated Si waveguide was demonstrated on epitaxial Ge-absorbing layer selectively grown on an ultrathin SOI substrate. Performance metrics of photodetector designs featuring vertical and lateral PIN configurations were investigated. When operated at a bias of -1.0 V, a vertical PIN detector achieved a lower <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dark</sub> of ~ 0.57 ¿A as compared to a lateral PIN detector, a value that is below the typical ~ 1 ¿A upper limit acceptable for high-speed-receiver design. Very high responsivity of ~ 0.92 A/W was obtained in both detector designs for a wavelength of 1550 nm, which corresponds to a quantum efficiency of ~ 73%. Impulse response measurements showed that the vertical PIN detector gives rise to a smaller full-width at half-maximum of ~ 24.4 ps over a lateral PIN detector, which corresponds to a -3 dB bandwidth of ~ 11.3 GHz. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</i> time delay is shown to be the dominant factor limiting the speed performance. Eye patterns (pseudorandom binary sequence 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1) measurement further confirms the achievement of high-speed and low-noise photodetection at a bit rate of 8.5 Gb/s. Excellent transfer and output characteristics have also been achieved by the integrated CMOS inverter circuits in addition to the well-behaved logic functions. The introduction of an additional thermal budget (800 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C) arising from the Ge epitaxy growth has no observable detrimental impact on the short-channel control of the CMOS inverter circuit. In addition, we describe the issues associated with monolithic integration and discuss the potential of Ge-detector/Si CMOS receiver for future optical communication applications.
BACK TO THE ROOTS (1987)

This is a synopsis of the launching of Greyhound's new feeder program to reconnect urban and rural America. The article provides information about both the new feeder service and the Tennessee ceremonies that accompanied its beginning.
Measurement of Small Dielectric Losses in Material with a Large Dielectric Constant at Microwave Frequencies (1961)

A method is described for measuring dielectric losses at microwave frequencies in materials with a large dielectric constant. By observing a dielectric resonance in a sufficiently large sample, the loss tangent of the material can be obtained. Results on SrTiO/sub 3/, single crystals at 20 kMc are presented.
Interferometric measurements of electric field-induced displacements in piezoelectric thin films (1996)

Interferometric measurements of electric field-induced displacements in piezoelectric thin films using single-beam and double-beam optical detection schemes are reported. It is shown that vibrational response measured with a single-beam interferometer includes a large contribution of the bending motion of substrate. Therefore, it is difficult to apply single-beam technique for piezoelectric measurements in thin films. To suppress the bending effect a high-resolution double-beam interferometer is proposed. The sensitivity of the interferometer is significantly improved in comparison with previously reported system. The interferometer is shown to resolve small displacements without using a lock-in technique. An example of the interferometric capabilities is demonstrated with experimental results on electric field, frequency, and time dependences of piezoelectric response for quartz and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film.