gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis of extra- and intraembryonic blood vessels is associated with expression of nestin in endothelial cells. (1998)

For a long time, intermediate filament protein nestin was recognized as a specific constituent of the cytoskeleton of developing neural cells and skeletal muscle. Recent reports by other investigators demonstrated that nestin may also be expressed in other cell types. Here we give evidence that nestin is expressed by endothelial cells of developing blood vessels in the rat. Using anti-Rat-401 monoclonal antibody we identified high levels of nestin in the endothelium lining all blood vessels of E14-15 rat foetuses. Immunoreactivity for nestin was detected in both extraembryonic (chorion, placenta, umbilical cord) and intraembryonic blood vessels. In the body of the foetus, we observed nestin-positive endothelial cells in vessels located in the areas of the mesenchyme as well as in vessels supplying the developing organs (central nervous system, liver, lung, spleen, heart, digestive tube). The strongest positive signal was given by the endothelium of newly vascularized tissues. In contrast to the developing tissues, expression of nestin by vascular endothelial cells was greatly reduced in adult tissues.
A Novel and Efficient CVAE-GAN-Based Approach With Informative Manifold for Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection (2019)

Semi-supervised anomaly detection identifies abnormal (testing) observations which are different from normal (training) observations. In many practical situations, anomalies are poorly insufficient and not well defined, while the normal data are easily sampled, have a wide variety, and may not be classified. For this paradigm, we propose a novel end-to-end deep network as an anomaly detector only trained on normal samples. Our architecture consists of a conditional variational auto-encoder (CVAE), a feature discriminator (FD), and an adversarially trained WGAN-GP discriminator. The CVAE is designed as a generator to reconstruct images. It leverages underlying category information and multivariate Gaussian distributions to regularize the latent space, enabling a smooth and informative manifold. For anomalies which have a certain similarity to normal data, we perform active negative training by generating potential outliers from the latent space to limit network generative capability. In order to capture data characteristics, we maximize the mutual information between the inputs and the latent codes by the FD. It enhances the relationship between the high-dimensional image space and corresponding encoded vectors. To promote reconstruction, a structural similarity loss is applied to robustly recover local texture details and the WGAN-GP discriminator is employed to aid in generating photo-realistic images. We distinguish anomalies by computing a reconstruction-based anomaly score. Different from recent encoder-decoder or GAN-based architectures, our approach considers input categories, constructs, and exploits a useful manifold in an unsupervised manner and has a stronger reconstruction capability. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods over several benchmark datasets.
Model to hardware correlation for power distribution induced I/O noise in a functioning computer system (2003)

The Power Distribution System (PDS) for Input/Output (I/O) drivers in high-speed computer system is often separated from that for the microprocessor core. Modern computer systems contain hundreds of driver I/Os, decoupling capacitors and signal transmission lines that carry the data between chips. Simultaneous switching of these hundreds of drivers causes noise, i.e., voltage fluctuation on the power supply rail, which causes signal integrity problems of the data on the signal transmission lines. This paper discusses measurements of noise due to driver I/O switching in a high speed functioning computer system. The transfer impedance of a PDS was measured and noise of the functioning PDS in both frequency and time domain was measured. This paper presents an efficient methodology to model these noise waveforms. Modeling results have shown good agreement with measurements, demonstrating the application of the methodology to complex and realistic boards. Reduction of I/O switching noise through thin dielectric was also simulated using the modeling method presented.
Chaperone-mediated coupling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels (2006)

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) of the outer mitochondrial membrane mediates metabolic flow, Ca(2+), and cell death signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial networks. We demonstrate that VDAC1 is physically linked to the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) through the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (grp75). Functional interaction between the channels was shown by the recombinant expression of the ligand-binding domain of the IP(3)R on the ER or mitochondrial surface, which directly enhanced Ca(2+) accumulation in mitochondria. Knockdown of grp75 abolished the stimulatory effect, highlighting chaperone-mediated conformational coupling between the IP(3)R and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake machinery. Because organelle Ca(2+) homeostasis influences fundamentally cellular functions and death signaling, the central location of grp75 may represent an important control point of cell fate and pathogenesis.
Metrological gratings and moiré fringe detection methods for displacement transducers (1989)

Conventional methods of generating master grating patterns and replica gratings are described and the use of silicon as a substrate for metrological gratings is introduced. Optical displacement transducers based on a relative movement of a scale grating and an index grating are reviewed. The detection of misalignment between mask pattern and wafer in the fabrication of microcircuits is introduced as an important application.
Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury (2016)

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been proposed to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of how NSCs exert their therapeutic plasticity is lacking. We transplanted mouse NSCs into the injured spinal cord seven days after SCI, and the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score was performed to assess locomotor function. The anti-inflammatory effects of NSC transplantation was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of neutrophil and macrophages and the detection of mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Furthermore, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were co-cultured with NSCs and followed by analyzing the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 with quantitative real-time PCR. The production of TNF-α and IL-1β by BMDMs was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transplanted NSCs had significantly increased BMS scores (p < 0.05). Histological results showed that the grafted NSCs migrated from the injection site toward the injured area. NSCs transplantation significantly reduced the number of neutrophils and iNOS+/Mac-2+ cells at the epicenter of the injured area (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 in the NSCs transplantation group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Furthermore, NSCs inhibited the iNOS expression of BMDMs and the release of inflammatory factors by macrophages in vitro (p < 0.05). These results suggest that NSC transplantation could modulate SCI-induced inflammatory responses and enhance neurological function after SCI via reducing M1 macrophage activation and infiltrating neutrophils. Thus, this study provides a new insight into the mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of NSC transplantation after SCI.
Solar rechargeable redox flow battery based on Li2WO4/LiI couples in dual-phase electrolytes (2013)

A solar rechargeable redox flow battery is fabricated with Li2WO4 as anode in aqueous electrolyte, LiI as cathode in organic electrolyte, and LISICON film as membrane to separate liquid anode/cathode-active species. The as-fabricated battery presents feasible solar rechargeable capability.
Colorado-UTE's 345 kV Steel Latticed "H" Frame Line Designed as a Structural System (1982)

This paper presents a general design procedure for latticed steel "H" frame tangent towers as part of a total structural system comqprised of soils, foundation, tower, insulators, and cables. A time-saving method for the design of latticed steel colums of the "H" frame is also presented.
A Process Model and Typology for Software Product Updaters (2005)

Product software is constantly evolving through extensions, maintenance, changing requirements, changes in configuration settings, and changing licensing information. Managing evolution of released and deployed product software is a complex and often underestimated problem that has been the cause of many difficulties for both software vendors and customers. This paper presents a process model and typology to characterize techniques that support product software update methods. Also, this paper assesses and surveys a variety of existing techniques against the characterization framework and lists unsolved problems related to software product updaters.
Self-sensitized photooxidation of protoporphyrin IX and related free-base porphyrins in natural and model membrane systems. Evidence for novel photooxidation pathways involving amino acids (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-sensitized photooxidation of protoporphyrin IX and related free-base porphyrins in natural and model membrane systems. Evidence for novel photooxidation pathways involving amino acidsMarianne Krieg and David G. WhittenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 8, 2477–2479Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00320a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00320a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers (2019)

M (microfold) cells of the intestine function to transport antigen from the apical lumen to the underlying Peyer's patches and lamina propria where immune cells reside and therefore contribute to mucosal immunity in the intestine. A complete understanding of how M cells differentiate in the intestine as well as the molecular mechanisms of antigen uptake by M cells is lacking. This is because M cells are a rare population of cells in the intestine and because in vitro models for M cells are not robust. The discovery of a self-renewing stem cell culture system of the intestine, termed enteroids, has provided new possibilities for culturing M cells. Enteroids are advantageous over standard cultured cell lines because they can be differentiated into several major cell types found in the intestine, including goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells and enterocytes. The cytokine RANKL is essential in M cell development, and addition of RANKL and TNF-α to culture media promotes a subset of cells from ileal enteroids to differentiate into M cells. The following protocol describes a method for the differentiation of M cells in a transwell epithelial polarized monolayer system of the intestine using human ileal enteroids. This method can be applied to the study of M cell development and function.
Functional Recovery After Facial and Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in the Rat (2005)

Recovery after facial nerve crush injury follows a predictable time course, and the rate of recovery is consistent with that of sciatic nerve injury. Return of the blink reflex, loss of vibrissial fibrillations, and return of vibrissial sweeping function appear to be internally consistent functional measures of facial recovery. These quantitative measures will be useful for future facial nerve manipulation studies.
Corporate governance and the OFR (1997)

A series of spectacular corporate failures and financial scandals in the late 1980s, including BCCI, Polly Peck and Maxwell, heightened concerns about the standard of financial reporting and accountability. These concerns centred around an apparent low level of confidence both in financial reporting and in the ability of auditors to provide the safeguards which the users of company annual reports sought and expected. The factors underlying these were seen as the looseness of accounting standards, the absence of a clear framework for ensuring that directors kept under review the controls in their businesses, and competitive pressures both on companies and on auditors which made it difficult for auditors to stand up to demanding boards.1 These concerns were heightened by criticisms of the seeming lack of effective board accountability for such matters as directors' remuneration — particularly in the light of an increasing trend in directors being appointed on lucrative rolling contracts, as well as certain well-publicised large compensation payments for loss of office.
Aggregated polyglutamine peptides delivered to nuclei are toxic to mammalian cells (2002)

A number of observations point to the aggregation of expanded polyglutamine [poly(Q)]-containing proteins as playing a central role in the etiology of Huntington's disease (HD) and other expanded CAG-repeat diseases. Transfected cell and transgenic animal models provide some of this support, but irrefutable data on the cytotoxicity of poly(Q) aggregates is lacking. This may be due in part to difficulties in observing all aggregated states in these models, and in part to the inability to conclusively rule out the role of monomeric states of the poly(Q) protein. To address these questions, we produced aggregates of simple poly(Q) peptides in vitro and introduced them to mammalian cells in culture. We find that Cos-7 and PC-12 cells in culture readily take up aggregates of chemically synthesized poly(Q) peptides. Simple poly(Q) aggregates are localized to the cytoplasm and have little impact on cell viability. Aggregates of poly(Q) peptides containing a nuclear localization signal, however, are localized to nuclei and lead to dramatic cell death. Amyloid fibrils of a non-poly(Q) peptide are non-toxic, whether localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus. Nuclear localization of an aggregate of a short, Q(20), poly(Q) peptide is just as toxic as that of a long poly(Q) peptide, supporting the notion that the influence of poly(Q) repeat length on disease risk and age of onset is at the level of aggregation efficiency. The results support a direct role for poly(Q) aggregates in HD-related neurotoxicity.
Transition metal transport (2007)

Transition metal transporters are of central importance in the plant metal homeostasis network which maintains internal metal concentrations within physiological limits. An overview is given of the functions of known transition metal transporters in the context of the unique chemical properties of their substrates. The modifications of the metal homeostasis network associated with the adaptation to an extreme metalliferous environment are illustrated in two Brassicaceae metal hyperaccumulator model plants based on cross-species transcriptomics studies. In a comparison between higher plants and unicellular algae, hypotheses are generated for evolutionary changes in metal transporter complements associated with the transition to multicellularity.
Hyperinsulinism in Infancy: From Basic Science to Clinical Disease (2004)

Ion channelopathies have now been described in many well-characterized cell types including neurons, myocytes, epithelial cells, and endocrine cells. However, in only a few cases has the relationship between altered ion channel function, cell biology, and clinical disease been defined. Hyperinsulinism in infancy (HI) is a rare, potentially lethal condition of the newborn and early childhood. The causes of HI are varied and numerous, but in almost all cases they share a common target protein, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel. From gene defects in ion channel subunits to defects in beta-cell metabolism and anaplerosis, this review describes the relationship between pathogenesis and clinical medicine. Until recently, HI was generally considered an orphan disease, but as parallel defects in ion channels, enzymes, and metabolic pathways also give rise to diabetes and impaired insulin release, the HI paradigm has wider implications for more common disorders of the endocrine pancreas and the molecular physiology of ion transport.
Vitamin D–Binding Protein Concentrations Quantified by Mass Spectrometry (2015)

In his Perspective article (June 25 issue), 1 Ubel contends that the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines fail to consider patient preferences and values.Clinical practice guidelines are designed to assist physicians and patients in decision making in specific clinical circumstances and do not remove the physician's or patient's autonomy in decision making, nor do they eliminate the need for shared decision making between patient and physician.The NCCN guidelines were the first in oncology to incorporate patient preference in decision making.Patient advocates with full voice and vote serve on many NCCN guidelines panels, transparency procedures are in place, and the NCCN has patient versions of selected guidelines.The NCCN is developing evidence blocks to provide patients and physicians with additional information that will stimulate discussion on patient preferences and values.These evidence blocks provide information on options for therapy, including efficacy, safety (toxicity), quality of data, consistency of data, and affordability (cost).The NCCN shares Ubel's conviction that patient preferences and values should be incorporated into the application of clinical practice guidelines and is actively evolving the NCCN guidelines to better accomplish that goal.
Sleep Deprivation Causes Behavioral, Synaptic, and Membrane Excitability Alterations in Hippocampal Neurons (2003)

Although the function of sleep remains elusive, several lines of evidence suggest that sleep has an important role in learning and memory. In light of the available data and with the prevalence of sleep deprivation (SD), we sought to determine the effect of SD on neuronal functioning. We found that the exposure of rats to 72 hr of primarily rapid eye movement SD impaired their subsequent performance on a hippocampus-dependent spatial learning task but had no effect on an amygdala-dependent learning task. To determine the underlying cellular level mechanisms of this hippocampal deficit, we examined the impact of SD on several fundamental aspects of membrane excitability and synaptic physiology in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells. We found that neuronal excitability was severely reduced in CA1 neurons but not in granule cells and that the production of long-term potentiation of synaptic strength was inhibited in both areas. Using multiple SD methods we further attempted to differentiate the effects of sleep deprivation from those associated with the nonspecific stress induced by the sleep deprivation methods. Together these data suggest that failure to acquire adequate sleep produces several molecular and cellular level alterations that profoundly inhibit hippocampal functioning.
Strategic bidding in sequential electricity markets (2006)

Wholesale electricity markets can be organised into different types of markets—energy markets and ancillary services markets—that are cleared sequentially. The paper proposes a stochastic-optimisation model to obtain the distribution of the electricity resources of a generation firm among the different sequential markets within a wholesale electricity market. Market power is modelled by linear approximations of the residual-demand curves. In addition, the model obtains the bid curves of a generation firm that are submitted for every hourly period of each market comprising the sequence. A methodology to estimate the stochastic residual-demand curves for every hour of each market based on decision trees has been designed. The model has been developed for a Spanish utility to operate in the Spanish electricity market. A case study illustrates the performance of the proposed model.
Charge carrier mobility in CBP films doped with Ir(ppy) 3 (2006)

We present the systematic study of charge carrier mobility in 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) films doped with a triplet-emitter material tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>) - 1 wt% and 10 wt%. The hole mobility was investigated with the time-of-flight (TOF) technique, as a function of electric field in the range 10<sup>5</sup> - 2 × 10<sup>6</sup> V/cm. For a CBP film doped with 1% of Ir(ppy)3 the hole mobility was also measured as a function of temperature from 20° C to 70° C. The obtained hole mobilities in CBP film doped with 1% of Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> are in the range 5 × 10-10 - 3 × 10-7 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs. The measured dependence of the hole mobility on temperature and electric field is explained in the framework of the Gaussian disorder model of Bassler. Calculated values for the effective energetic and the positional disorder are 162 meV and 4.2, respectively. The activation energy at zero field is 0.58 eV. The mobility extrapolated to zero field and infinite temperature amounts to 6 × 10-4 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs. In CBP film doped with 10% of Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> the hole mobilities are in the range 2 × 10-8 - 3 × 10-7 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs. The observed increase of the hole mobility in Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>-doped CBP films with increasing doping concentration can be attributed to hopping transport of charge carries via dopant molecules.
Fuzzy models to predict consumer ratings for biscuits based on digital image features (2001)

Fuzzy models to recognize consumer preferences were developed as part of an automated inspection system for biscuits. Digital images were used to estimate the physical features of chocolate chip cookies including size, shape, baked dough color, and fraction of top surface area that was chocolate chips. Polls were conducted to determine consumer ratings of cookies. Four fuzzy models were developed to predict consumer ratings based on three of the features. There was substantial variation in consumer ratings in terms of individual opinions, as well as poll-to-poll differences. Parameters for the inference system, including fuzzy values for cookie features and consumer ratings, were defined based on the judgment and statistical analysis of data from the calibration polls. The two fuzzy models that gave satisfactory estimates of average consumer ratings are: the Mamdani inference system based on eight fuzzy values for consumer ratings; and the Sugeno inference system developed using the adaptive neurofuzzy inference system algorithm.