gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term differentiated function of heterotopically transplanted hepatocytes on three-dimensional polymer matrices (1999)

Hepatocyte transplantation using porous matrices is under investigation as an alternative therapy for certain liver diseases. For this purpose, long-term function of transplanted hepatocytes is mandatory. This problem has not been sufficiently investigated yet. In this study Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients. Stimulated (group A, portocaval shunt) or unstimulated (group B) hepatocytes were transplanted into prevascularized polyvinyl-alcohol matrices. Cell-free matrices served as controls (group C). Matrices were harvested between 1 h and 1 year after implantation and analyzed by morphometry; albumin RNA in situ hybridization; and cytokeratin-, actin-, desmin-, and macrophage-specific antigen immunohistology. The hepatocyte number significantly decreased within the first week following implantation. Between 1 month and 1 year after transplantation a significant increase in hepatocyte number was noted in groups A and B. Albumin transcripts of transplanted hepatocytes were at normal levels at all times except for group B after 1 year. The immunohistology suggested engraftment of nonparenchymal liver cells. We conclude that 3-dimensional matrices provide a sufficient environment for long-term engraftment of transplanted liver cells. The hepatocytes are able, despite suboptimal initial engraftment, to repopulate the scaffold for at least half of the recipient's life span and maintain cell-specific function after sufficient stimulation.
Efficient Beam Training and Channel Estimation for Millimeter Wave Communications Under Mobility (2018)

In this paper, we propose an efficient beam training technique for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. When some mobile users are under high mobility, the beam training should be performed frequently to ensure the accurate acquisition of the channel state information. In order to reduce the resource overhead caused by frequent beam training, we introduce a dedicated beam training strategy which sends the training beams separately to a specific high mobility user (called a target user) without changing the periodicity of the conventional beam training. The dedicated beam training requires small amount of resources since the training beams can be optimized for the target user. In order to satisfy the performance requirement with low training overhead, we propose the optimal training beam selection strategy which finds the best beamforming vectors yielding the lowest channel estimation error based on the target user's probabilistic channel information. Such dedicated beam training is combined with the greedy channel estimation algorithm that accounts for sparse characteristics and temporal dynamics of the target user's channel. Our numerical evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme can maintain good channel estimation performance with significantly less training overhead compared to the conventional beam training protocols.
Generation and implementation of DSP parallel programs from a signal processing design environment (1992)

Multiprocessor digital signal processing systems are an effective medium for implementing high-speed real-time signal processing algorithms. While multiprocessor systems are becoming widely available, software for generating multiprocessor code is not as easily obtainable. Although the general problem of generating multiprocessor schedules is a difficult one, parallel schedules for digital signal processing algorithms can be generated from sequential code when that code is written in a specific format. The preprocessor, scheduler and postprocessor that constitute the Software Development System (SDS) for generating parallel schedules are described. Restrictions on their application and degree of processor dependency in the SDS are given. Schedules for various practical signal processing algorithms are obtained and implemented on a message-passing multiprocessor system called ARIA. Performance gains are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hematopoietic defects in the Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome (2008)

Down syndrome (DS) persons are born with various hematopoietic abnormalities, ranging from relatively benign, such as neutrophilia and macrocytosis, to a more severe transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD). In most cases, these abnormalities resolve in the first few months to years of life. However, sometimes the TMD represents a premalignant disease that develops into acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL), usually in association with acquired GATA1 mutations. To gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities, we analyzed the hematopoietic development of the Ts1Cje mouse model of DS. Our analyses identified defects in mature blood cells, including macrocytosis and anemia, as well as abnormalities in fetal liver and bone marrow stem and progenitor cell function. Despite these defects, the Ts1Cje mice do not develop disease resembling either TMD or AMKL, and this was not altered by a loss of function allele of Gata1. Thus, loss of Gata1 and partial trisomy of chromosome 21 orthologs, when combined, do not appear to be sufficient to induce TMD or AMKL-like phenotypes in mice.
Innovating Graduate Medical Curricula for the Next Generation of Physician Leaders: Feasibility and Early Results of a Service-Free, Immersive Learning Model (2017)

Abstract
Rapid changes in the healthcare environment have introduced knowledge content gaps in graduate medical education (GME) programs. Exposing residents to emerging concepts including patient quality, safety, business of medicine and individualized medicine are essential to train the next generation of physician leaders and provide novel skills needed for success in practice. Challenges related to service commitments have traditionally limited GME programs the flexibility to address these gaps.
Within a newly accredited pediatric residency program, the residency program leadership took the opportunity to design and implement a novel curriculum, LEAD (Leadership Executive Academic Development), as a two-week service-free and immersive format where topics including Leadership, Individualized Medicine, Cultural Competence, Ethics, Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), Safety and Business of Medicine were addressed. Simulated patient encounters correlating to these sessions were additionally included as a method of reinforcing content.
Between the inaugural two cohorts of residents (n=23, academic years 2014-2016), the authors found this service-free and immersive approach was feasible and highly conducive to addressing these innovative topics. Early results from program evaluation revealed that residents highly valued all LEAD sessions (Mean Scores: 4.1-4.7, Scale 0-5) however, leadership and CQI sessions had the highest mean scores reported for didactic content whereas individualized medicine and cultural competence were the most valued as simulated sessions. Additionally, self-efficacy scores were noted to improve in all topics following the implementation of the curricula but were particularly improved in topics including leadership and the business of medicine.
These early outcomes indicate that implementing a highly-structured immersion curriculum is a promising approach to addressing current GME curriculum gaps. Future study of the role of the LEAD curriculum on trainee’s skills, competencies and potential career choices is an ongoing programmatic goal.
Dental Implants of Complex Form Coated by Nanostructered TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films via MOCVD (2000)

This paper concerns with the study of an innovative process to be employed for the covering of dental implants with the aim to improve their characteristics. Dental implants were covered with TiO 2 that permits to increase the biocompatibility and the speed of osteointegration, which is the speed at which the bone begins to re-grow in direct contact with the implant. Good-quality, polycrystalline, extremely uniform TiO 2 thin films were deposited on glass and titanium (dental implants) by employing a hot wall LP-MOCVD (low pressure metal-organic chemical vapour deposition) reactor in 350-430°C range and using titaniumtetraisopropoxide Ti(i-OPr) 4 as precursor. The films resulted anatase oriented in (200) direction, nanostructured with uniform crystallite dimension (50-90 nm). The purpose of this paper is either to show the importance of using simultaneously various theoretical and experimental approaches in the investigation of MOCVD processes, and to obtain very uniform thin layers on substrates of complex form. A study of the growth rate was carried out in order to derive the kinetic control regimes and the corresponding kinetic laws. It was therefore possible to find the best conditions for high uniformity in the reactor.
Progress in renal transplantation. (2000)

The challenges of renal transplantation over the next 10 years are: 1) in the development of specific therapies that can be altered according to patient co-morbidities and other factors influencing outcome; 2) minimizing toxicity; 3) preventing chronic rejection; and 4) improving our national organ donation network.
A Survey on TOA Based Wireless Localization and NLOS Mitigation Techniques (2009)

Localization of a wireless device using the time-of-arrivals (TOAs) from different base stations has been studied extensively in the literature. Numerous localization algorithms with different accuracies, computational complexities, a-priori knowledge requirements, and different levels of robustness against non-line-of-sight (NLOS) bias effects also have been reported. However, to our best knowledge, a detailed unified survey of different localization and NLOS mitigation algorithms is not available in the literature. This paper aims to give a comprehensive review of these different TOA-based localization algorithms and their technical challenges, and to point out possible future research directions. Firstly, fundamental lower bounds and some practical estimators that achieve close to these bounds are summarized for line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios. Then, after giving the fundamental lower bounds for NLOS systems, different NLOS mitigation techniques are classified and summarized. Simulation results are also provided in order to compare the performance of various techniques. Finally, a table that summarizes the key characteristics of the investigated techniques is provided to conclude the paper.
Early Target Cells of Measles Virus after Aerosol Infection of Non-Human Primates (2011)

Measles virus (MV) is highly infectious, and has long been thought to enter the host by infecting epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. However, epithelial cells do not express signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (CD150), which is the high-affinity cellular receptor for wild-type MV strains. We have generated a new recombinant MV strain expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), based on a wild-type genotype B3 virus isolate from Khartoum, Sudan (KS). Cynomolgus macaques were infected with a high dose of rMV(KS)EGFP by aerosol inhalation to ensure that the virus could reach the full range of potential target cells throughout the entire respiratory tract. Animals were euthanized 2, 3, 4 or 5 days post-infection (d.p.i., n = 3 per time point) and infected (EGFP(+)) cells were identified at all four time points, albeit at low levels 2 and 3 d.p.i. At these earliest time points, MV-infected cells were exclusively detected in the lungs by fluorescence microscopy, histopathology and/or virus isolation from broncho-alveolar lavage cells. On 2 d.p.i., EGFP(+) cells were phenotypically typed as large mononuclear cells present in the alveolar lumen or lining the alveolar epithelium. One to two days later, larger clusters of MV-infected cells were detected in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and in the tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes. From 4 d.p.i. onward, MV-infected cells were detected in peripheral blood and various lymphoid tissues. In spite of the possibility for the aerosolized virus to infect cells and lymphoid tissues of the upper respiratory tract, MV-infected cells were not detected in either the tonsils or the adenoids until after onset of viremia. These data strongly suggest that in our model MV entered the host at the alveolar level by infecting macrophages or dendritic cells, which traffic the virus to BALT or regional lymph nodes, resulting in local amplification and subsequent systemic dissemination by viremia.
A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of gel-forming (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Evidence of the presence of single-helical conformation in a resilient gel of a curdlan-type polysaccharide 13140 from Alcaligenes faecalis var myxogenes IFO 13140 (1977)

A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of a resilient gel of a curdlan-type polysaccharide 13140, a (1 goes to 3)-beta-D-glucan, from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140, was performed in an effort to understand the gel structure. It was found that very broad 13C resonance peaks of line widths ca. 150 (C-1-C-5) and 50 HZ (C-6) are able to be seen in the gel state. Because of a fivefold increase of the peak intensities with respect to those in an aqueous suspension by gelation, these peaks are unequivocally ascribed to certain regions relevant to the gel structure. Those 13 C NMR peaks, however, account for only 20-30 (as viewed from C-1-C-5) and 60% (from C-6) of the total gel, the peak areas of the rest being lost. With respect to those of the disordered low molecular weight acid degraded fraction, fraction II, and laminaran, downfield displacements of C-1, C-3, and C-4 signals are found to take place by amounts of 2.8, 3.2, and 0.9 ppm, respectively, while the remaining peaks (C-2, C-5, and C-6) are unchanged. In view of similar differences of chemical shifts between cyclodextrins and linear (1 goes to 4)-alpha-D-glucans (Colson, P., Jennings, H.J., and Smith, I.C.P. (1974), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 8081-8087), the observed downfield 13C shifts of the glucosidic bonds in the gel are explained by the presence of the fixed conformation of the preferred dihedral angles, in which internal rotations around the glucosidic bonds are not allowed. Combined with the results of theoretical prediction and the downfield shift of C-4 signals, which is consistent with the presence of an O-4'...O-5 intramolecular hydrogen bond, the observed 13C peaks are ascribed to a region of single helical conformation, whereas the peak-loss portion of 13C NMR signals (70-80 and 40% from C-1 and C-6, respectively) is presumably ascribed to the multiple-helical junction zones for the gel structure and their vicinities. The variation of the line widths as well as the peak positions is also found to take place by stepwise addition of NaOH (greater than 0.22 M). The onset of the conformational transition, helix to random coil, is in good agreement with the change of viscosity, specific rotation, optical rotatory dispersion, and absorption maximum shift by complex formation with Congo Red reported by Ogawa et al. (Ogawa, K., Watanabe, T., Tsurugi, J., and Ono, S. (1972), Carbohydr. Res. 23, 399-405).
A Study of 1:1 Plus 1:2 Complexes between Barbiturate and .ALPHA.-Cyclodextrin Using the Freezing Point Depression Method. (1993)

The freezing point depression method for studying drug interaction has been extended to a system containing both 1 : 1 (AB) and 1 : 2 (AB2) complexes. The osmotic concentration of dilute aqueous solutions was measured by this method with a commercially available osmometer. On the basis of the colligative properties, a mathematical model has been proposed to calculate the apparent stability constants (K1 and K2). This method is applied to complexes of α-cyclodextrin with three barbiturate derivatives (barbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital). The results showed that the apparent stability constants obtained were in fair agreement with those obtained by the spectroscopic method. The advantage of this method is that the apparent stability constant could be estimated quickly using a simple procedure.
Compressing data volume of left ventricular cineangiograms (1993)

In this paper a method of compressing data volume for left ventricular cineangiograms is proposed. This method enables digital-optical discs to store the cineangiograms with an equivalent recording density to that of HDTV VTR's while preserving the quality of the original image. The data volume of the cineangiograms is compressed by approximating function and storing its coefficients. With this method, each cineangiogram frame is first decomposed into three regions: the inner part, the inner wall, and the background (using a statistical method previously reported by the authors). Each region is then compressed by means of a difference operation and an adaptive approximation with smooth functions. Performance is tested on 20 cases using actual cineangiograms. The specifications were verified for a spatial resolution of 1000 TV lines, a dynamic range of 60 dB, an SNR of 40 dB [pp/rms], volume compression to 7% of the original volume, and 0.19 [second/frame] for decoding on a 1.7 MFLOPS computer.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKOXYCARBONYL‐IRIDIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN MIT N‐DONATORBASEN UND MIT TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN (1970)

Abstract Das K‐iridat (I) reagiert mit den Alkoholen (II) und entsprechenden ein bzw. zweizähnigen Liganden zu den Alkoxycarbonyl‐Ir‐Komplexen (IV) (Ausbeute 50‐79%).
Generalized Gain Scheduling Control of a Diesel Engine based on H<inf>2</inf> Optimization (1993)

A generalized gain scheduling control mechanism based on H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> optimization techniques has been developed for a 2-cylinder water cooled Diesel engine. First, a set of linearized models is obtained for the engine operating at 3 different speeds and total of 15 loading conditions. It has been found that the behavior of the engine can best be characterized by a set of 5th order difference equations with appropriate time delays. The optimal controllers with a PID structure are then synthesized based on these mathematical models using off-line numerical optimization to minimize the H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> norms of the closed-loop sensitivity functions. The designed control system has been implemented, and experiments have indicated that the performance of the Diesel engine with optimal controllers is much superior to that of the engine with the existing mechanical governor in terms of speed regulation, and disturbance rejection.
Interaction of sugars, polysaccharides and cells with boronate‐containing copolymers: from solution to polymer brushes (2006)

Interaction of mono- and disaccharides, polysaccharide particles and yeast cells with boronate-containing copolymers (BCC) of N-acryloyl-m-aminophenylboronic acid (NAAPBA) with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) or N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was studied. The binding of saccharides to BCC of NIPAM resulted in a shift of its phase transition temperature (DeltaTP), which provided a quantitative measure for the complex formation. Among the sugars typical of non-reducing ends of glycoproteins the DeltaTP decreased in the order: N-acetylneuraminic acid > xylose approximately galactose > mannose approximately fucose >> N-acetylglucosamine. Strong specific adsorption of the BCC on the cross-linked agarose gel Sepharose CL-6B (15-30 mg/ml gel at pH 9.2) was registered. The copolymers adsorption was due to boronate-sugar interactions and decreased with pH. Multivalent interaction of the BCC with the agarose gel has been proven by liquid column chromatography exhibiting a weak reversible adsorption of NAAPBA and almost irreversible adsorption of DMAA-NAAPBA copolymer from 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.9. The two studied BCCs could be completely desorbed from the gel by 0.1 M fructose in aqueous buffered media with pH from 7.5 to 9.2. In turn, the agarose particles and yeast cells were found to adhere to siliceous supports end-grafted with boronate-BCC of N,N-dimethylacrylamide at pH > or = 7.5, due to the actions. Quantitative detachment of adhered particles or cells could be attained by addition of 20 mM or 100 mM fructose, respectively, in the pH range from 7.5 to 9.2. Affinity adhesion of micron-size carbohydrate particles to boronate-containing polymer brushes fixed on solid supports was considered as a model system suggesting a new approach to isolation and separation of living cells.
<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>BCG Vaccination Augments Interleukin-8 mRNA Expression and Protein Production in Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages Infected with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2002)

Alveolar macrophages are likely the first cell type to encounter Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a pulmonary infection, resulting in the production of chemokines. In order to evaluate this response, alveolar macrophages harvested from nonvaccinated and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs were infected in vitro with live M. tuberculosis H37Ra or H37Rv (multiplicity of infection, 1:1) or cultured with lipopolysaccharide (10 micro g/ml) for 3, 12, and 24 h. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR. Culture supernatants were assayed for guinea pig IL-8 protein by using a human IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Alveolar macrophages harvested from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs produced significantly more mRNA and protein for IL-8 than alveolar macrophages harvested from nonvaccinated guinea pigs at 12 and 24 h poststimulation or postinfection. Infection with attenuated M. tuberculosis (H37Ra) stimulated alveolar macrophages isolated from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs to produce significantly more IL-8 mRNA than did alveolar macrophages infected with a virulent strain (H37Rv) at 12 and 24 h postinfection. Significant MCP-1 mRNA production was also detected in stimulated or infected alveolar macrophages; however, prior vaccination did not significantly affect levels of MCP-1 mRNA. Alveolar macrophages isolated from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs produced significantly more IL-8 mRNA and protein when stimulated for 24 h with heat-killed H37Ra, heat-killed H37Rv, and H37Rv cell wall, but not mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM), than did cells stimulated with media alone. These observations indicate that prior vaccination may alter very early events in the M. tuberculosis-infected lung.
Innovations in Science & Technology: Year 2107 (2007)

Abstract: This is a fictional article that foreshadows the status of the world in the year 2107. It presents the innovations in Science and Technology in different areas of our daily life: Agriculture, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Arts and Humanities, Biology and Medicine, Business, Communication, Engineering, Entertainment and travel, Environment, Health care, Sociology, Space, and Transportation, etc. Causes and effects of global warming on engineering are discussed including presentation of paperless century. Femto technology (FT) will overshadow macro/micro/nano technology.
Page segmentation using texture discrimination masks (2002)

We propose a new texture-based page segmentation algorithm which automatically extracts the text, halftone, and line-drawing regions from input greyscale document images. This approach utilizes a neural network to train a set of masks which is optimal for discriminating the three main texture classes in the page segmentation problem: halftone, background, and text and line-drawing regions. The test and line-drawing regions are further discriminated based on connectivity analysis. We have applied the algorithm to successfully segment English and Chinese document images. We also demonstrate that the masks can perform language separation (English/Chinese) when appropriately trained.