gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation Of Working Memory from Decision Making within the Human Prefrontal Cortex (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that cognitive functions related to working memory (assessed with delay tasks) are distinct from those related to decision making (assessed with a gambling task), and that working memory and decision making depend in part on separate anatomical substrates. Normal controls (n = 21), subjects with lesions in the ventromedial (VM) (n = 9) or dorsolateral/high mesial (DL/M) prefrontal cortices (n = 10), performed on (1) modified delay tasks that assess working memory and (2) a gambling task designed to measure decision making. VM subjects with more anterior lesions (n = 4) performed defectively on the gambling but not the delay task. VM subjects with more posterior lesions (n = 5) were impaired on both tasks. Right DL/M subjects were impaired on the delay task but not the gambling task. Left DL/M subjects were not impaired on either task. The findings reveal a cognitive and anatomic double dissociation between deficits in decision making (anterior VM) and working memory (right DL/M). This presents the first direct evidence of such effects in humans using the lesion method and underscores the special importance of the VM prefrontal region in decision making, independent of a direct role in working memory.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Proteins from the SARS Virus (2003)

A new coronavirus has been implicated as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We have used convalescent sera from several SARS patients to detect proteins in the culture supernatants from cells exposed to lavage another SARS patient. The most prominent protein in the supernatant was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a approximately 46-kDa species. This was found to be a novel nucleocapsid protein that matched almost exactly one predicted by an open reading frame in the recently published nucleotide sequence of the same virus isolate (>96% coverage). A second viral protein corresponding to the predicted approximately 139-kDa spike glycoprotein has also been examined by MALDI-TOF MS (42% coverage). After peptide N-glycosidase F digestion, 12 glycosylation sites in this protein were confirmed. The sugars attached to four of the sites were also identified. These results suggest that the nucleocapsid protein is a major immunogen that may be useful for early diagnostics, and that the spike glycoprotein may present a particularly attractive target for prophylactic intervention in combating SARS.
Recommendations for the Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms (2002)

HomeStrokeVol. 33, No. 10Recommendations for the Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
Gene encoding a morphogenic protein required in the assembly of the outer coat of the Bacillus subtilis endospore. (1988)

Endospores of Bacillus subtilis are encased in a two-layer protein shell known as the coat, which consists of a lammellar-like inner layer and an electron-dense outer layer. We report the cloning of the structural gene (designated cotE) for an alkali-soluble coat protein of 24 kD and show that the cotE gene product is a morphogenic protein required in the assembly of the outer coat. The nucleotide sequence of cotE reveals an open reading frame capable of encoding a 181-residue-long polypeptide of 21 kD. A cotE mutant was created by replacing the chromosomal gene, which was located at 145 degrees on the chromosome, with an in vitro constructed, deletion-mutated gene. The resulting cotE mutant formed normal-looking (optically refractile) spores that were heat resistant but were sensitive to lysozyme and somewhat impaired in germination. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that the mutant spores lacked the electron-dense outer layer of the coat but retained a normal-looking inner coat. The mutant spores were pleiotropically deficient in several coat proteins, including the product of cotE and the products of previously cloned cot genes A-C. Based on experiments in which expression of the cotA and cotC genes was found to be unimpaired in cotE mutant cells, we infer that the cotE gene product is involved in the assembly of the products of cotA-cotC, and certain other proteins into the electron-dense outer layer of the coat.
Diagnosis of Urethral Flow Parameters by Ultrasonic Backscatter (1975)

Earlier reported tests have demonstrated that sufficient ultrasonic scattering can be obtained from particulate matter in urine during voiding to be of value as a transcutaneous diagnostic technique for the lower urinary tract. In this paper, we compare theoretical scattering computations for urethral flow models with data obtained from scattering measurements on the urethra and on physical models. The results indicate that urethral parameters such as the average urine velocity, extent of turbulence, and urethral diameter as a function of position along the tract, including the location of any strictures, can be determined remotely by ultrasonic means.
On the feasibility of using an atmospheric discharge plasma as an RF antenna (1984)

The plasma produced by a laser-guided, electric discharge in the atmosphere has been formed in the shape of a folded monopole antenna with a characteristic frequency of 112 MHz. This plasma antenna has been used to transmit and receive signals at 112 MHz. While the plasma remained conducting, the signal transmitted from, and received on, the plasma antenna was within -1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm1</tex> dB of that transmitted from and received on a "standard" copper folded monopole antenna of the same size. During this time the signal transmitted from, and received on, the plasma antenna also remained approximately constant in amplitude (fluctuations <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim \pm1</tex> dB). This useful lifetime of the plasma antenna was varied from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 200 \mu</tex> s to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\geq 2000 \mu</tex> s by changing the dration of the electric discharge sustaining the plasma columns. In these experiments, the noise from the plasma antenna was not distinguishable from that developed using a copper antenna, but in both cases the noise was much larger than the true thermal noise background.
La Justicia, en la encrucijada (2016)

Wolters Kluwer con la colaboracion de Europa Press han organizado la mesa redonda «La Justicia a debate» con los responsables de justicia de los partidos politicos con mayor representacion parlamentaria para analizar el presente y el futuro de la Justicia en nuestro pais.
Tunable Metallic Conductance in Ferroelectric Nanodomains (2011)

Metallic conductance in charged ferroelectric domain walls was predicted more than 40 years ago as the first example of an electronically active homointerface in a nonconductive material. Despite decades of research on oxide interfaces and ferroic systems, the metal-insulator transition induced solely by polarization charges without any additional chemical modification has consistently eluded the experimental realm. Here we show that a localized insulator-metal transition can be repeatedly induced within an insulating ferroelectric lead-zirconate titanate, merely by switching its polarization at the nanoscale. This surprising effect is traced to tilted boundaries of ferroelectric nanodomains, that act as localized homointerfaces within the perovskite lattice, with inherently tunable carrier density. Metallic conductance is unique to nanodomains, while the conductivity of extended domain walls and domain surfaces is thermally activated. Foreseeing future applications, we demonstrate that a continuum of nonvolatile metallic states across decades of conductance can be encoded in the size of ferroelectric nanodomains using electric field.
Magneto-shape-memory effect in Co–Ni single crystals (2001)

A Co–33 wt % Ni single crystal was grown by an optical floating-zone furnace without crucible in a high-purity argon atmosphere. In the [001] direction, the as-grown single crystal exhibited a saturation magnetization of 124 A m2/kg, which is nearly twice as high as that of Ni2MnGa, a typical magneto-shape-memory material. A reversible strain of 3% was induced by an applied pulse magnetic field of 2 T in the [001] direction in the temperature range between Md and Ms. According to the martensitic transformation theory [T. Y. Hsu (Z. Y. Xu), Sci. China, Ser. E: Technol. Sci. 40, 561 (1997)] for fcc (γ)→hcp (ε), a possible mechanism based on the reversible motion of the Shockley partial dislocations is proposed in this letter.
A Model for Determining the Classification, Vulnerability and Risk in the Southern Coastal Zone of the Marche (Italy) (1994)

A method is proposed for the classification of coasts with the aim of providing a tool for more correct planning and management of the coastline. The 70-km long southern coast of the Marche was subdivided into 24 stretches, each of which were described by fifteen variables: three describe the hydrodynamic and energy characteristics of the coast; four describe the evolutionary trends of the beach; seven describe the morphological and sedimentological features of the exposed beach and of the sea floor; and one quantifies the degree of human intervention. The matrix of the variables was processed using factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results of this investigation enabled us to determine the relationships between the variables and to group similar coastal tracts. This in turn allowed us to classify the coastal zones and to attribute a degree of flood vulnerability to each one. Subsequently, by relating the vulnerability to the degree of urbanization, a risk level was defined for each of the coastal stretches.
Cryptographic distinguishability measures for quantum-mechanical states (1999)

This paper, mostly expository in nature, surveys four measures of distinguishability for quantum-mechanical states. This is done from the point of view of the cryptographer with a particular eye on applications in quantum cryptography. Each of the measures considered is rooted in an analogous classical measure of distinguishability for probability distributions: namely, the probability of an identification error, the Kolmogorov distance, the Bhattacharyya coefficient, and the Shannon (1948) distinguishability (as defined through mutual information). These measures have a long history of use in statistical pattern recognition and classical cryptography. We obtain several inequalities that relate the quantum distinguishability measures to each other, one of which may be crucial for proving the security of quantum cryptographic key distribution. In another vein, these measures and their connecting inequalities are used to define a single notion of cryptographic exponential indistinguishability for two families of quantum states. This is a tool that may prove useful in the analysis of various quantum-cryptographic protocols.
The Theory and Technique of Electronic Music (2007)

This is the first book to develop both the theory and the practice of synthesizing musical sounds using computers. Each chapter starts with a theoretical description of one technique or problem area and ends with a series of working examples (over 100 in all), covering a wide range of applications. A unifying approach is taken throughout; chapter two, for example, treats both sampling and wavetable synthesis as special cases of one underlying technique. Although the theory is presented quantitatively, the mathematics used goes no further than trigonometry and complex numbers. The examples and supported software along with a machine-readable version of the text are available on the web and maintained by a large online community. The Theory and Techniques of Electronic Music is valuable both as a textbook and as professional reading for electronic musicians and computer music researchers.
Modeling Power in Multi-functionality Sensor Network Applications (2008)

With the migration of a wireless sensor network (WSN) over various evolving applications, power estimation and profiling during the design cycle become critical issues and present hurdles in reducing the design time. Furthermore, with a growing size of the network, simulating the behavior of each sensor node is not feasible. It is important to devise an approach that provides a network-wide picture of power consumption and of variations in power usage under changes in the network and/or node application in the network. In this paper, we present a modular power estimation technique which simplifies the power modeling of any sensor network application. In particular, we are interested in analyzing the behavior of power consumption if one or more modules of the WSN platform in the application are changed during the design cycle or after the deployment. The proposed technique is susceptible to applications changes on the fly and is particularly beneficial in networks with large number of nodes. We perform experiments modifying parameters of a ZigBee based sensor network application such as packet size, sampling rate, functionality (encryption) and sensor types. We present the results, demonstrating an error less than 3% in all the experiments performed, and insights into the results.
Investigation of DNA Sensing Using Piezoresistive Microcantilever Probes (2004)

Piezoresistive microcantilever-based sensors maybe used in a variety of sensing applications, including chemical sensing and biological sensing. In these applications, a sensing material is functionalized so as to undergo a volumetric or dimensional change upon analyte exposure. A piezoresistive microcantilever in contact with, or embedded within, the sensing material records the dimensional change as a simple resistance change in the cantilever as it is strained by the volumetric shift in the sensing layer. Here, we describe the detection of single-strand DNA by utilizing a sensing layer material consisting of thiolated single-strand DNA attached to a gold film substrate. A piezoresistive microcantilever in direct contact with this layer in solution immediately responds to the presence of the complimentary (25 base) single strand.
Alloreactive CD4 T Cell Activation In Vivo: An Autonomous Function of the Indirect Pathway of Alloantigen Presentation (2003)

Activation of alloreactive CD4 T cells occurs via the direct and indirect pathways of alloantigen presentation. A novel TCR/alloantigen transgenic system was designed that permitted in vivo visualization of CD4 T cell priming through these pathways. When both pathways of alloantigen presentation were intact, CD4 T cell activation in response to cardiac allografts was rapid and systemic by day 4 after transplantation, in contrast to that seen in response to skin allografts, which was delayed until 10-12 days after transplantation. Despite this systemic CD4 T cell activation in response to cardiac allografts, there was a paucity of activated graft-infiltrating CD4 T cells at 4 days posttransplantation. This finding suggests that the initial priming of alloimmune CD4 T cell responses occurs within draining lymphoid organs. Furthermore, alloantigens derived from cardiac allografts failed to promote thymic negative selection of developing thymocytes expressing the alloreactive TCR clonotype. In the absence of a functional direct pathway, the kinetics of activation, anatomic localization, and effector function of alloreactive CD4 T cells remained unchanged. Overall, the present study defines the anatomic and temporal characteristics of CD4 T cell alloimmune responses and demonstrates that CD4 T cell priming via the indirect pathway proceeds optimally in the absence of the direct pathway of alloantigen presentation.
Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Hydrogen-Efficient Direct Hydrodeoxygenation Mechanism of Phenol over Ru/TiO<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Catalytic reduction of pyrolyzed biomass is required to remove oxygen and produce transportation fuels, but limited knowledge of how hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts work stymies the rational design of more efficient and stable catalysts, which in turn limits deployment of biofuels. This work reports results from a novel study utilizing both isotopically labeled phenol (which models the most recalcitrant components of biofuels) with D2O and DFT calculations to provide insight into the mechanism of the highly efficient HDO catalyst, Ru/TiO2. The data point to the importance of interface sites between Ru nanoparticles and the TiO2 support and suggest that water acts as a cocatalyst favoring a direct deoxygenation pathway in which the phenolic OH is replaced directly with H to form benzene. Rather than its reducibility, we propose that the amphoteric nature of TiO2 facilitates H2 heterolysis to generate an active site water molecule that promotes the catalytic C–O bond scission of phenol. This work has clear implications for efforts to scale-up the hydrogen-efficient conversion of wood waste into transportation fuels and biochemicals.
Tsix-mediated repression of Xist accumulation is not sufficient for normal random X inactivation (2001)

During the X inactivation process, one X chromosome in each female embryonic cell is chosen at random to become coated by Xist RNA and silenced. Tsix, a transcript anti-sense to Xist, participates in the choice of the inactive X and in Xist regulation through as yet unknown mechanisms. Undifferentiated female ES cells, which have two active Xs, recapitulate random X inactivation when induced to differentiate. A 65 kb deletion targeted to one of the two Xs in a female ES cell line, and including both the end of the Xist gene and the site of initiation of Tsix, resulted in the exclusive inactivation of the deleted X in differentiated ES cells. We have re-examined the phenotype of the 65 kb deletion and targeted Tsix and the terminal exons of Xist back to the deleted locus using a cre/loxP site-specific re-insertion strategy. We show that prior to inactivation the deleted X is associated in undifferentiated ES cells with both increased Xist expression and diffusion of the Xist transcript away from its site of synthesis. Restoration of Tsix repressed the steady-state level of Xist expression and restricted Xist RNA to its transcription site. At the onset of inactivation in differentiated ES cells, restoration of Tsix failed to restore random X-inactivation, even though the levels of Xist RNA accumulation in cis were markedly reduced. These results identify for the first time a dual function for Tsix as both a repressor of the steady-state level of Xist expression and as a regulator of the distribution of Xist RNA within the nucleus. They also establish that random inactivation requires mechanisms additional to the in cis repression of XIST:
Low-Loss 765 KV Pipe-Type Power Cable (1978)

A 765 kV Low-Loss Pipe-Type AC Transmission Cable with oil-impregnated laminar insulation of cellulose paper and poly-propylene film has been developed. The development of the prototype sample (using specially treated conventional oil), bending tests and EHV tests on one specimen are described. Test results indicate the integrity and reliability of this design.
High-gain Er-doped fiber amplifier generating eye-safe MW peak-power, mJ-energy pulses (2008)

We report on a large-core, Er-doped fiber amplifier that generates pulses of approximately 1.1 ns duration and maximum pulse energy/peak power approximately 1.4 mJ/1.2 MW, at 1567 nm wavelength, while concurrently providing optical gain in excess of 25 dB, in a multi-mode output beam (M(2) approximately 8.5).
Neurophysiological Aspects of Eye and Eyelid Movements During Blinking in Humans (2000)

The neural relationships between eyelid movements and eye movements during spontaneous, voluntary, and reflex blinking in a group of healthy subjects were examined. Electromyographic (EMG) recording of the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles was performed using surface electrodes. Concurrently, horizontal and vertical eye positions were recorded by means of the double magnetic induction (DMI) ring method. In addition, movement of the upper eyelid was measured by a specially designed search coil, placed on the upper eyelid. The reflex blink was elicited electrically by supraorbital nerve stimulation either on the right or the left side. It is found that disconjugate oblique eye movements accompany spontaneous, voluntary as well as reflex blinking. Depending on the gaze position before blinking, the amplitude of horizontal and vertical components of the eye movement during blinking varies in a systematic way. With adduction and downward gaze the amplitude is minimal. With abduction the horizontal amplitude increases, whereas with upward gaze the vertical amplitude increases. Unilateral electrical supraorbital nerve stimulation at low currents elicits eye movements with a bilateral late component. At stimulus intensities approximately two to three times above the threshold, the early ipsilateral blink reflex response (R(1)) in the OO muscle can be observed together with an early ipsilateral eye movement component at a latency of approximately 15 ms. In addition, during the electrical blink reflex, early ipsilateral and late bilateral components can also be identified in the upper eyelid movement. In contrast to the late bilateral component of upper eyelid movement, the early ipsilateral component of upper eyelid movement appears to open the eye to a greater degree. This early ipsilateral component of upper eyelid movement occurs more or less simultaneously with the early eye movement component. It is suggested that both early ipsilateral movements following electrical stimulation do not have a central neural origin. Late components of the eye movements slightly precede the late components of the eyelid movement. Synchrony between late components of eyelid movements and eye movements as well as similarity of oblique eye movement components in different types of blinking suggest the existence of a premotor neural structure acting as a generator that coordinates impulses to different subnuclei of the oculomotor nucleus as well as the facial nerve nucleus during blinking independent from the ocular saccadic and/or vergence system. The profile and direction of the eye movement rotation during blinking gives support to the idea that it may be secondary to eyeball retraction; an extra cocontraction of the inferior and superior rectus muscle would be sufficient to explain both eye retraction and rotation in the horizontal vertical and torsional planes.
High‐Temperature Zirconium Phosphates (1954)

The existence of two zirconium phosphate compounds has been established. The “normal” phosphate, ZrP 2 O 7 , has a reversible inversion at 300 °C. and dissociates to the zirconyl compound, (ZrO) 2 P 2 O 7 , at 1550°C., with the simultaneous loss of P 2 O 5 as vapor. The room‐temperature form of ZrP 2 O 7 is cubic with refractive index 1.657 ± 0.003. The zirconyl compound has a stable existence to temperatures around 1600°C. and is characterized by a very low linear thermal‐expansion coefficient.