gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vectorization past dependent branches through speculation (2013)

Modern architectures increasingly rely on SIMD vectorization to improve performance for floating point intensive scientific applications. However, existing compiler optimization techniques for automatic vectorization are inhibited by the presence of unknown control flow surrounding partially vectorizable computations. In this paper, we present a new approach, speculative vectorization, which speculates past dependent branches to aggressively vectorize computational paths that are expected to be taken frequently at runtime, while simply restarting the calculation using scalar instructions when the speculation fails. We have integrated our technique in an iterative optimizing compiler and have employed empirical tuning to select the profitable paths for speculation. When applied to optimize 9 floating-point benchmarks, our optimizing compiler has achieved up to 6.8X speedup for single precision and 3.4X for double precision kernels using AVX, while vectorizing some operations considered not vectorizable by prior techniques.
In vitro synthesis and processing of a putative precursor for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (1977)

Translation of polyadenylated mRNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a cell-free wheat germ system resulted in the synthesis of numerous discrete polypeptides. Among them was a species with molecular weight 20,000 that was immunoprecipitated specifically by antibodies raised against the authentic small subunit (16,500 daltons) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase(dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39]. Since the immunoprecipitated polypeptide has a larger molecular weight by approximately 3500 than the small subunit (S) it was identified as a putative biosynthetic precursor (pS). Post-translational conversion of pS by a specific endoprotease yielded two detectable products: one apparently identical in size to S and the other, a small peptide, presumably representing the remainder of pS. The endoprotease requires sulfhydryl groups for its activity and is present in a C. reinhardtii postribosomal supernatant as well as in a free polysome fraction. The latter could account for the observation that completion of nascent chains in free polysomes yielded S but not pS. We propose that pS is an extrachloroplastic form of S and that the small peptide portion plays a role in the transfer of S into the chloroplast.
A review of tele-immersive applications in the CAVE research network (1999)

This paper presents an overview of the tele-immersion applications that have been built by collaborators around the world using the CAVERNsoft toolkit, and the lessons learned from building these applications. In particular the lessons learned are presented as a set of rules-of-thumb for developing tele-immersive applications in general.
Investigation of the surface free energy of pharmaceutical materials from contact angle, sedimentation, and adhesion measurements (1993)

The surface free energy of pharmaceutical solids, although not directly measurable, controls processes such as interparticulate bonding during tableting and powder flow and plays an important role in suspension stability. In addition to the traditional contact angle methods, the indirect sedimentation method was used to evaluate the surface free energies of acetaminophen and adipic acid. The effects of pH and solubility of the drug in the liquid systems used in the sedimentation test are discussed. The results were used to predict whether the materials would adhere to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. While the adhesion of adipic acid was predicted, that of acetaminophen was not. Possible explanations for the failure of the theory are explored.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW-224a, a New Fluoronaphthyridone (2006)

DW-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. Against gram-negative bacteria, DW-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. The in vivo activities of DW-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones.
Linear viscoelasticity of an inverse ferrofluid (1999)

A magnetorheological fluid consisting of colloidal silica spheres suspended in an organic ferrofluid is described. Its linear viscoelastic behavior as a function of frequency, magnetic field strength, and silica volume fraction was investigated with a specially designed magnetorheometer. The storage modulus G' is at least an order of magnitude larger than the loss modulus G" at all magnetic field strengths investigated. G' does depend only weakly on frequency, and linearly on volume fraction. A model is presented for the high frequency limit of the storage modulus G'(infinity). In the model our system is treated as a collection of single noninteracting chains of particles. Assuming a dipolar magnetic interaction, theory and experiment show reasonable agreement at high frequencies.
Introduction and Preview (2001)

Information theory answers two fundamental questions in communication theory: what is the ultimate data compression (answer: the entropy H), and what is the ultimate transmission rate of communication (answer: the channel capacity C). For this reason some consider information theory to be a subset of communication theory. We will argue that it is much more. Indeed, it has fundamental contributions to make in statistical physics (thermodynamics), computer science (Kolmogorov complexity or algorithmic complexity), statistical inference (Occam's Razor: “The simplest explanation is best”) and to probability and statistics (error rates for optimal hypothesis testing and estimation). The relationship of information theory to other fields is discussed. Information theory intersects physics (statistical mechanics), mathematics (probability theory), electrical engineering (communication theory) and computer science (algorithmic complexity). We describe these areas of intersection in detail.
The effects of a calcium antagonist, nimodipine, upon physiological responses of the cerebral vasculature and its possible influence upon focal cerebral ischaemia. (1982)

The effects of a calcium antagonist, nimodipine, were tested on the response of the cerebral circulation to arterial pCO2 and blood pressure changes. The effects of reduced blood flow upon oedema formation and extracellular ion homeostasis under nimodipine preloading were studied. Both open and closed skull primate models were used, with alpha-chloralose anaesthesia. Nimodipine infusion increased basal blood flow in the open skull, but not the closed skull animals. Autoregulation to increased blood pressure was little affected. Responses to arterial pCO2 changes and autorerulation to reduced blood pressure were severely imparied. Residual blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion was significantly higher with nimodipine than in controls. The threshold levels of blood flow for the development of cortical oedema and for disturbance of ion homeostasis were, however, increased, suggesting that nimodipine interferes with cellular energy metabolism and increases the susceptibility of tissue to ischaemic damage.
Mouse DESC1 Is Located within a Cluster of Seven DESC1-like Genes and Encodes a Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease That Forms Serpin Inhibitory Complexes (2004)

We report the identification and functional analysis of a type II transmembrane serine protease encoded by the mouse differentially expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (DESC) 1 gene, and the definition of a cluster of seven homologous DESC1-like genes within a 0.5-Mb region of mouse chromosome 5E1. This locus is syntenic to a region of human chromosome 4q13.3 containing the human orthologues of four of the mouse DESC1-like genes. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that all seven DESC1-like genes encode functional proteases. Direct cDNA cloning showed that mouse DESC1 encodes a multidomain serine protease with an N-terminal signal anchor, a SEA (sea urchin sperm protein, enterokinase, and agrin) domain, and a C-terminal serine protease domain. The mouse DESC1 mRNA was present in epidermal, oral, and male reproductive tissues and directed the translation of a membrane-associated 60-kDa N-glycosylated protein with type II topology. Mouse DESC1 was synthesized in insect cells as a zymogen that could be activated by exposure to trypsin. The purified activated DESC1 hydrolyzed synthetic peptide substrates, showing a preference for Arg in the P1 position. DESC1 proteolytic activity was abolished by generic inhibitors of serine proteases but not by other classes of protease inhibitors. Most interestingly, DESC1 formed stable inhibitory complexes with both plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and protein C inhibitor that are expressed in the same tissues with DESC1, suggesting that type II transmembrane serine proteases may be novel targets for serpin inhibition. Together, these data show that mouse DESC1 encodes a functional cell surface serine protease that may have important functions in the epidermis, oral, and reproductive epithelium.
Cutting down the forest of peaks in acoustic dynamic atomic force microscopy in liquid (2008)

Acoustic dynamic force microscopy in liquids is a fundamental technique for the investigation of biological samples under physiological conditions. However, it shows an important drawback that consists of producing a myriad of resonance peaks, known as the forest of peaks, which hides the natural resonance frequency of the cantilever and prevents an optimum operation of the microscope. In this work, we propose a simple remedy for this problem, which consists on adding a small clay damper to the dither piezoelectric. The resulting frequency spectrum exhibits a single resonance peak that is comparable with the one obtained using magnetic excitation.
Gas quality measurement : A gas control revolution? (2000)

The ability to measure gas properties such as CV and density by a simple and cheap method has the potential to revolutionise the measurement and control of natural gas flows. Keith Wild describes the development of new technology which may lead the revolution.
Antibiotic loading and release studies of LSMO nanoparticles embedded in an acrylic polymer (2016)

In this paper, we present the drug loading and release works of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) manganite nanoparticles (NPs). The LSMO NPs, grown using the sol–gel method, were embedded in an acrylic interpenetrating polymer network to make the sample applicable for biomedical purposes. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that these NPs were well dispersed in the polymer. The grain size of these NPs lies in the range of 25–45 nm, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The measurements of DC magnetization and hysteresis loops reveal that the basic magnetic behaviour of the LSMO NPs remained almost unaltered even after embedding in polymer, but with lower saturation value of magnetization. The drug loading and release studies of the grown sample were carried out using an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. The minimum inhibitory effect of the sample loaded with this drug has exhibited high activity against different strains of bacteria, comparable to the pure ciprofloxacin.
Visible Upconversion in Rare Earth Ion-Doped Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals (2004)

Rare earth ions (Tm3+, Er3+, and Yb3+)-doped cubic Gd2O3 nanocrystals were prepared by a simple sol−gel method. Raman and FT-IR spectra were measured to evaluate the vibrational feature of the samples. Under 980 nm laser excitation, blue (488 nm), green (564 nm), and red (661 nm) upconversion has been recorded in Gd2O3:Tm+Yb and Gd2O3:Er (Gd2O3:Er+Yb), respectively. A great enhancement of red emission and diminishment of green emission of Er3+ in Gd2O3:Er+Yb have been observed. Laser power and doping concentration dependence of the upconverted emissions were studied to understand the upconversion mechanisms. Excited absorption and energy-transfer processes are discussed as the possible mechanisms for the visible emissions.
Building standards based COTS multiprocessor computer systems for space around a high speed serial bus network (2002)

Discusses higher performance processing requirements where as many as a dozen RAD6000s would work together to perform payload processing and other onboard processing tasks on a satellite. This work led to an alternate subsystem architecture to the common parallel bus used to interconnect elements in a typical subsystem. After an comprehensive trade study, a multiplexed set of serial busses based on an emerging IEEE standard (IEEE 1394-1995) was chosen as the most cost effective and scalable architecture for future multiprocessor payloads. A radiation-hardened Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) was developed to implement a bridge to this interface from the RAD6000 and its support chip. This chip was fabricated, tested and demonstrated in two similar multiprocessor systems. This paper describes the trades that led to this chip, its features and performance. It describes the device drivers developed for running under the VxWorks operating system and the performance that was measured. The paper will describe a loosely coupled thirteen-processor system interconnected by these chips that was developed. It will describe how IEEE 1394's updates being worked out in standards bodies this year may be applied to future space systems requiring both higher performance and more remote interconnections between processors such as the Power PC.
DNA-templated assembly of dyes and extended π-conjugated systems (2011)

This feature article reports on the use of DNA as a template to assemble dyes and p-conjugated systems with the aim to construct functional multicomponent nanostructures that have a well-defined size, shape and sequence.
Gas chromatographic analysis of lens monosaccharides. (1984)

Gas-liquid chromatography was employed to determine free monosaccharides in human, rat, and South American rodent Octodon degu lenses. In addition to D-glucose, D-fructose, sorbitol and myo-inositol, which were previously known to be components of lens tissue, glycerol, erythritol, threitol, ribitol, xylitol, and mannitol were also detected in the lenses of these three species. The concentrations in lenses of these three species were in the following ranges: glycerol 1.2 to 40 mumol/gm wet tissue; myo-inositol 4 to 25; and glucose, fructose, and remaining alditols 0.01 to 1.4/mumol/gm. The method is described and its applicability to analyses of free monosaccharides in other animal tissues is discussed.
Changes in the number of chick ciliary ganglion neuron processes with time in cell culture. (1987)

The purpose of this study was to describe the shape of chick ciliary ganglion neurons dissociated from embryonic day 8 or 9 ganglia and maintained in vitro. Most of the neurons were multipolar during the first three days after plating, with an average of 6.0 processes extending directly from the cell body. The neurons became unipolar with time. The remaining primary process accounted for greater than 90% of the total neuritic arbor. This striking change in morphology was not due to the selective loss of multipolar cells, or to an obvious decline in the health of apparently intact cells. The retraction of processes was neither prevented nor promoted by the presence of embryonic muscle cells. Process pruning occurred to the same extent and over the same time course whether the cells were plated on a monolayer of embryonic myotubes or on a layer of lysed fibroblasts. Process retraction is not an inevitable consequence of our culture conditions. Motoneurons dissociated from embryonic spinal cords remained multipolar over the same period of time. We conclude that ciliary ganglion neurons breed true in dissociated cell culture in that the multipolar-unipolar transition reflects their normal, in vivo, developmental program.
Bimatoprost in the treatment of eyelash hypotrichosis (2010)

Eyelashes hypotrichosis is a condition indicated by an inadequate amount of eyelashes. Hypertrichosis of eyelashes, characterized by excessive eyelash growth, is a regular phenomenon associated with ophthalmic prostaglandin and prostamide analogs. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Latisse((R)) (bimatoprost 0.03% solution), identical to the ophthalmic solution for glaucoma treatment, for increasing eyelash length, thickness and darkness in patients with hypotrichosis of the eyelashes. When prostaglandin and prostamide analogs interact with the prostanoid receptors in the hair follicle, this most likely stimulates the resting follicles (telogen phase) to growing follicles (anagen phase). Prostaglandin and prostamide analogs may also prolong the anagen phase of eyelashes, leading to an increase of eyelash length. Although bimatoprost is effective in promoting increased growth of healthy eyelashes and adnexal hairs, its effectiveness in patients with eyelash alopecia areata is debatable and its protective effect is not yet studied in patients with eyelash loss secondary to radiation or chemotherapy. Bimatoprost is generally safe when applied to the base of the eyelashes at the lid margin with minimum side effects. However, other ocular or systemic side effects associated with ophthalmic prostaglandin and prostamide analogs may occur when instilled on the surface of the eye, and patients must be informed and monitored.
Mutation in collagen‐I that confers resistance to the action of collagenase results in failure of recovery from CCl <sub>4</sub> ‐induced liver fibrosis, persistence of activated hepatic stellate cells, and diminished hepatocyte regeneration (2002)

Collagen-I, which predominates in the neomatrix of fibrotic liver, regulates hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotypes. Recovery from liver fibrosis is accompanied by hepatocyte regeneration, matrix degradation, and HSC apoptosis. Using mice bearing a mutated collagen-I gene (r/r mice), which confers resistance to collagenase degradation, we have investigated the hypothesis that collagen-I degradation is critical to HSC apoptosis and hepatocyte regeneration during recovery from liver fibrosis. During a 28-day recovery period after 8 wk of CCl4 treatment, wild-type (WT) livers had significantly (43%) decreased hydroxyproline (OHP) content. In r/r livers, however, OHP content remained elevated at peak fibrosis levels. Expressed markers of activated HSC (alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen-I), elevated at peak fibrosis, dropped to control levels in WT livers after 28 days but remained raised in the r/r livers. Moreover, relative to WT livers, r/r livers had significantly reduced stellate cell apoptosis and hepatocyte regeneration during the recovery period. Using extracted collagen-I from each genotype as culture substrata, relative to r/r, we show that WT collagen-I promotes hepatocyte proliferation via stimulation of integrin alpha(v)beta3. Failure to degrade collagen-I critically impairs HSC apoptosis and may prevent the effective restoration of hepatocyte mass in liver fibrosis.
In vivo characterization of the anti-inflammatory effect of cyclosporin A on human basophils. (1993)

We investigated whether cyclosporin A (CsA) in vivo exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting IgE- and non-IgE-dependent mediator release from human basophils. Six healthy volunteers were given oral CsA (5 mg/kg twice daily) or placebo for 5 days. Plasma CsA and basophil releasability in response to anti-IgE, FMLP, and A23187 were monitored 1 day before treatment, on alternate days during the treatment course, and 1 and 8 days after cessation of treatment. A constant plasma level of approximately 250 ng/ml CsA was obtained during CsA treatment. Basophil releasability in response to anti-IgE, FMLP, and A23187 was diminished by 20 to 60% throughout the course of CsA treatment. Placebo had no effect on basophil releasability. There was a significant correlation between plasma CsA and the decrease of histamine release induced by anti-IgE (rs = -0.66; p < 0.0005), FMLP (rs = -0.59; p < 0.001) and A23187 (rs = -0.68; p < 0.0001). In a second study, eight normal volunteers were given a single oral dose of CsA (7 mg/kg) or placebo, and plasma CsA and basophil releasability were monitored at different times thereafter. A rapid and significant reduction of histamine release induced by anti-IgE, FMLP, and A23187 paralleled a sharp increase of CsA plasma levels, which peaked at 5 h and lasted approximately 13 h. This study indicates that oral administration of CsA in normal subjects causes a rapid and significant inhibition of histamine release from basophils. This is the first evidence that in vivo administration of CsA can modulate the release of proinflammatory mediators from basophils obtained ex vivo.
[Effects of ischemia on olfactory bulb in rats]. (2007)

Ischemia could injure the neuron and nerve fiber. This may be one of the reasons of olfactory disorders.
Association of lower muscle strength with self‐reported knee instability in osteoarthritis of the knee: Results from the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis Cohort (2011)

Lower muscle strength is strongly associated with self-reported knee instability in knee OA patients, while impairments in proprioceptive accuracy and laxity are not. A compensatory role of muscle strength for impaired proprioceptive accuracy or high laxity, in order to stabilize the knee, could not be demonstrated.
SEPSIS: EMERGING ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND SELECTINS (2006)

Sepsis--a state of systemic bacterial infection--often leads to multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality despite the recent advances achieved in intensive care treatment. Many of the ill effects of sepsis are attributed to an abnormally enhanced host inflammatory response that leads to neutrophil recruitment and activation involving selectins, a class of adhesion molecules, in the initial stages. Nitric oxide and its various isoforms have also been implicated in various vascular alterations and directly participate in the cellular toxicity in sepsis. This review briefly describes the role of selectins and nitric oxide in experimental and clinical sepsis as well as the therapeutic outcomes of blocking therapies.
Latency Guarantee for Multimedia Streaming Service to Moving Subscriber with 5G Slicing (2018)

The paper proposes the solution to guarantee the extremely low latency or even zero latency to the moving subscribers in requesting the multimedia streaming service. The solution leverages the competent network resources that could be provided by the 5G network and constructs a slice with appropriate resource allocation on a per user basis. The solution is context aware, including user's location, travel route, driving speed, and road traffic condition. The network resource allocation algorithms are proposed to make sure that the storage and bandwidth are appropriately reserved to provision the video content blocks to the designated base stations. The moving subscriber can experience no latency in receiving the video content with exceedingly efficient storage usage and reasonable bandwidth expense.