gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>VHL</i>inactivation in renal cell carcinoma: implications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment (2007)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) provides a tumor paradigm for the integration of genetics, molecular biology, therapeutic target validation and the introduction of high-impact treatment strategies. Most cases of sporadic as well as familial ccRCC acquire somatic inactivating mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor gene, VHL. pVHL, VHL gene product and a protein member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, acts in normal cells to direct the degradation and clearance of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)alpha transcription factor family, such that in its absence, as in ccRCC, the HIF proteins stabilize, accumulate to supraphysiologic levels and activate the transcription of genes such as VEGF and PDGF, which contributes substantially to the physiology of the tumor, and has been assessed indirectly as a prognostic factor. Molecularly targeted therapy blocking components of this pathway has been successfully introduced to the clinic with a substantive impact on clinical parameters of RCC. This review will examine the regulation of these molecular pathways in RCC and discuss the impact on the clinical management of patients with RCC.
<title>Fiber Optics And The Future</title> (1968)

Considerable effort has been expended over the past 17 years in both technological and fundamental investigations pertaining to the field of fiber optics. Only recently some fiber optics devices have become an economic reality. However, there still remains considerable fertile ground to be exploited in the field of fiber optics, both from a theoretical, as well as technological, standpoint. Complex assemblies of fibers to perform numerous static scanning functions have not been fully realized as yet because of technical complexities and high cost. It is expected that light transmission, image quality, extension of spectral range, and physical ruggedness of fiber optics will see significant improvements.
SoftCell: Taking Control of Cellular Core Networks (2013)

Existing cellular networks suffer from inflexible and expensive equipment, and complex control-plane protocols. To address these challenges, we present SoftCell, a scalable architecture for supporting fine-grained policies for mobile devices in cellular core networks. The SoftCell controller realizes high-level service polices by directing traffic over paths that traverse a sequence of middleboxes, optimized to the network conditions and user locations. To ensure scalability, the core switches forward traffic on hierarchical addresses (grouped by base station) and policy tags (identifying paths through middleboxes). This minimizes data-plane state in the core switches, and pushes all fine-grained state to software switches at the base stations. These access switches apply fine-grained rules, specified by the controller, to map all traffic to the appropriate addresses and tags. SoftCell guarantees that packets in the same connection traverse the same sequence of middleboxes in both directions, even in the presence of mobility. Our characterization of real LTE workloads, micro-benchmarks on our prototype controller, and large-scale simulations demonstrate that SoftCell improves the flexibility of cellular core networks, while enabling the use of inexpensive commodity switches and middleboxes.
Corrosion of Electronic Materials and Devices (1986)

Electronic materials and devices corrode in the same ways as automobiles, bridges, and pipelines, but their typically small dimensions make them orders of magnitude more susceptible to corrosion failure. As elsewhere, the corrosion involves interactions with the environment. Under control, these interactions can be put to use, as in the formation of protective and functional oxide films for superconducting devices. Otherwise, they cause damage, as in the electrolytic dissolution of conductors, even gold, in the presence of humidity and ionic contamination from atmospheric particles and gases. Preventing corrosion entails identifying the damaging interactions and excluding species that allow them to occur.
Thirty Years of Conjoint Analysis: Reflections and Prospects (2001)

Conjoint analysis is marketers' favorite methodology for finding out how buyers make trade-offs among competing products and suppliers. Conjoint analysts develop and present descriptions of alternative products or services that are prepared from fractional factorial, experimental designs. They use various models to infer buyers' part-worths for attribute levels, and enter the part-worths into buyer-choice simulators to predict how buyers will choose among products and services. Easy-to-use software has been important for applying these models. Thousands of applications of conjoint analysis have been carried out over the past three decades.
Interactive eye tracking for gaze strategy modification (2015)

Atypical looking behaviors in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are not only a reflection of inherently abnormal neuropsychological processes, but also suggest that future access to observational learning opportunities may be limited. The work presented in this paper uses interactive eye tracking as a first step towards the development of automated tools that can help toddlers and young children with atypical visual attention learn to attend to social information in a more typical fashion. In our study, we designed an automated visual strategy training system that would redirect a viewers' attention to locations highly salient to the normative control group when the viewer drifted from those locations for a significant period of time. We evaluated our experimental technique on typically-developing adults, obtaining results that suggest that looking patterns can be altered to be more similar to those evidenced by a normative group of young children. Furthermore, these alterations appear be retained in post-training sessions when considering new presentations of videos participants had been trained upon, and, on more sensitive outcome measures based on integrated scanpath probabilities (heatmaps), seemed to generalize presentations not trained upon as well. The development of these techniques may provide a new model for modifying attentional biases not only in toddlers with ASD, but also in children affected by other neuropsychiatric conditions, and may thus lead to new therapeutic interventions as well as more efficacious methods for identifying the patterns associated with abnormal, attention-driven experience.
An Integrated Cross-Layer Study of Wireless CDMA Sensor Networks (2004)

In this paper, we characterize analytically the multiaccess interference in wireless code-division multiple-access sensor networks with uniformly random distributed nodes and study the tradeoff between interference and connectivity. To provide a guideline for improving system behavior, three competitive deterministic topologies are evaluated along with the random topology in terms of link-level and network-level (routing) performance. The impact of signature code length and receiver design on the network performance for different topologies is also studied.
Trends in lipoplex physical properties dependent on cationic lipid structure, vehicle and complexation procedure do not correlate with biological activity (2001)

Using a group of structurally related cytofectins, the effects of different vehicle constituents and mixing techniques on the physical properties and biological activity of lipoplexes were systematically examined. Physical properties were examined using a combination of dye accessibility assays, centrifugation, gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering. Biological activity was examined using in vitro transfection. Lipoplexes were formulated using two injection vehicles commonly used for in vivo delivery (PBS pH 7.2 and 0.9% saline), and a sodium phosphate vehicle previously shown to enhance the biological activity of naked pDNA and lipoplex formulations. Phosphate was found to be unique in its effect on lipoplexes. Specifically, the accessible pDNA in lipoplexes formulated with cytofectins containing a gamma-amine substitution in the headgroup was dependent on alkyl side chain length and sodium phosphate concentration, but the same effects were not observed when using cytofectins containing a beta-OH headgroup substitution. The physicochemical features of the phosphate anion, which give rise to this effect in gamma-amine cytofectins, were deduced using a series of phosphate analogs. The effects of the formulation vehicle on transfection were found to be cell type-dependent; however, of the formulation variables examined, the liposome/pDNA mixing method had the greatest effect on transgene expression in vitro. Thus, though predictive physical structure relationships involving the vehicle and cytofectin components of the lipoplex were uncovered, they did not extrapolate to trends in biological activity.
High-transmission attenuated PSM: benefits and limitations through a validation study of 33%, 20%, and 6% transmission masks (2000)

Simulations indicate high transmission attenuated phase shift mask to improve resolution, reduce line end shortening, corner rounding and provide process window enhancements for some pitches. They also indicate that as the transmission is increased for line feature, the Normalized image log slope increases for all pitches. In this work the performance of 33 percent and 20 percent attenuated masks has been compared against 6 percent and binary masks. Imaging results were obtained for 160nm features at various pitches with a 0.6NA 248nm SVGL MSIII with conventional and annular illumination. Performance of high transmission in terms of Depth of Focus, overlapping process windows, exposure latitude and proximity effects with the various percent transmissions. Critical issues such as manufacturing of tri-tone masks, inspection, repair and material availability for high transmission masks will be addressed.
Theory of the transmission properties of an optical far-field superlens for imaging beyond the diffraction limit (2006)

A conventional optical superlens for imaging beyond the diffraction limit produces images only in the near-field zone of the superlens. In contrast, an optical far-field superlens (FSL) device has a remarkable transmission property that leads to a one-to-one relationship between the far-field and the near-field angular spectra. This property makes the device suitable for imaging beyond the diffraction limit from far-field measurement. This specific FSL is composed of a properly designed periodically corrugated metallic slab-based superlens. Through the numerical design and parameter study, we show that the transmission property of this FSL is based on a specific strong-broadband wavenumber excitation of surface-plasmon polaritons supported by the nanostructured metallic grating.
Gabapentin and pregabalin for chronic neuropathic and early postsurgical pain: current evidence and future directions (2007)

Gabapentin and pregabalin are efficacious treatments for neuropathic and postsurgical pain. Future research addressing several specific questions would serve to better delineate their optimal roles in treating these and other pain conditions.
Antifungal Effects of Lysozyme and Lactoferrin against Genetically Similar, Sequential <i>Candida albicans</i> Isolates from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Southern Chinese Cohort (2001)

A variety of innate defense factors in saliva such as lysozyme and lactoferrin contribute to mucosal protection and modulate Candida populations in the oral cavity. It is also known that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals significant variations in the concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin in saliva occur during disease progression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to human lactoferrin and hen egg white lysozyme of genotypically similar oral Candida albicans isolates obtained from six HIV-infected ethnic Chinese during sequential visits over a 12-month period. The similarity of the genotypes (50 in total) was evaluated using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay. A blastospore viability assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the organisms to lysozyme and lactoferrin. Exposure to physiological concentrations of either lysozyme (30 microg/ml) or lactoferrin (20 microg/ml) caused a rapid loss of viability among all isolates to a varying extent. None of the sequential C. albicans isolates demonstrated significant differences in sensitivity to either protein from one visit to the next; similar results were noted when the different genotypes from the same individual were compared. On Spearman correlation analysis of two genotypes that were sequentially isolated from a single patient, a significant negative correlation between lysozyme (r = -0.88; P < 0.02) (but not lactoferrin) resistance and the duration of HIV disease was seen. These results imply that a minority of C. albicans isolates that persist intraorally in individuals with HIV disease develop progressive resistance to innate salivary antifungal defenses such as lysozyme, possibly as an adaptive response. However, the vast majority of the Candida isolates appear to succumb to these nonspecific host immune mediators abundantly present in the oral environment.
Endogenous endotoxemia during orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs. (1989)

Although the 1-year survival rate after clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) has been improved to about 70%,1 15% of the patients still die within the first month as a result of complications, such as shock, multiple organ failure, and bleeding. Although various factors have been found to be involved in these postoperative complications, the overall mechanism has not been well elucidated.

The liver normally contributes more than 80% of the blood cleaning functions of the reticuloendothelial system.2 During OLTX, this hepatic contribution temporarily is lost (anhepatic phase), and toxic substances including endotoxin can flood the circulation. To our knowledge, there has been no report concerning endotoxemia during OLTX.

Endotoxin is a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria and has lipid A as the central component in its structure. Endotoxin triggers shock,3 pulmonary failure,4 and disseminated intravascular coagulation.5 It is absorbed from the intestine even under conditions of health.6 Recently, a highly sensitive quantitative method has been developed for plasma endotoxin determination using chromogenic substrate and perchloric acid.7
Real-Time Knee Adduction Moment Feedback for Gait Retraining Through Visual and Tactile Displays (2011)

The external knee adduction moment (KAM) measured during gait is an indicator of tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis progression and various strategies have been proposed to lower it. Gait retraining has been shown to be an effective, noninvasive approach for lowering the KAM. We present a new gait retraining approach in which the KAM is fed back to subjects in real-time during ambulation. A study was conducted in which 16 healthy subjects learned to alter gait patterns to lower the KAM through visual or tactile (vibration) feedback. Participants converged on a comfortable gait in just a few minutes by using the feedback to iterate on various kinematic modifications. All subjects adopted altered gait patterns with lower KAM compared with normal ambulation (average reduction of 20.7%). Tactile and visual feedbacks were equally effective for real-time training, although subjects using tactile feedback took longer to converge on an acceptable gait. This study shows that real-time feedback of the KAM can greatly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of subject-specific gait retraining compared with conventional methods.
RF power transistor design in standard digital CMOS technology (2003)

RF power transistor design in standard CMOS technology for the power amplifier in the frequency region of 1800MHz is key issue in this work. Transistor application in standard RF power amplifier topology is discussed in the sense of output power as well as power added efficiency. The RF CMOS power transistor layout is designed in Cadence Virtuoso layout editor using AustriaMicroSystems 0.35/spl mu/ CMOS technology. The RF power achieved at 50 Ohm load using designed transistor in class E power amplifier was 1 W at 1750 MHz with power added efficiency of 59.2% at 2.3V power supply voltage.
IMPROVED SMALL INTESTINAL PRESERVATION AFTER LAZAROID U74389G TREATMENT AND COLD STORAGE IN UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SOLUTION (1995)

The small intestine (SI) is highly sensitive to oxygen free radical-induced injury. The most common preservation solution, University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, does not adequately prevent free radical-induced injury. Lazaroids, and U74389G in particular, are a new class of compound that are potent inhibitors of superoxide-mediated lipid peroxidation. We studied the added influence of U74389G to 18-hr cold preservation of rat SI in UW solution. Three groups of rats were studied. In group 1, SI was excised and reperfused immediately. In group 2, SI was stored in UW solution at 4 degrees C for 18 hr. In group 3, U74389G was given to the SI graft before storage and again before reperfusion. Blood reperfusion of the grafts was achieved via connection to the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein of support rats. Functional recovery was assessed using a maltose tolerance test. Weight changes were calculated and histologic studies done. After 30 and 60 min of reperfusion, maltose uptake in group 3 was significantly better than that of the group 2, and returned to control levels. Significantly more tissue swelling was noted in group 3 over control, but the magnitude was less than that of group 2. Less transmural necrosis and villous blunting were noted in group 3 versus group 2; the appearance of the mucosa in group 3 approached that of group 1. We conclude that the use of U74389G treatment in addition to cold storage in UW solution improves recovery of graft function and minimizes morphologic damage to the small intestinal mucosa.
Surface wettability enhancement of silicone hydrogel lenses by processing with polar plastic molds (1997)

In the quest for hydrogel contact lenses with improved extended wear capability, the use of siloxane moieties in the lens materials was investigated. However, the introduction of hydrophobic siloxane groups gave rise to wettability and lipidlike deposit problems. It was found that when polysiloxane-based compositions for hydrogels were processed with polar plastic molds, such as those fabricated from an acrylonitrile-based polymer, the hydrogel lenses fabricated were wettable, with minimized lipidlike deposits. These findings were supported by the wettability of silicone hydrogel films, silicon, and nitrogen element contents near lens surfaces, as well as the results from clinical assessment of silicone hydrogel lenses.
Applied Probability for Engineers and Scientists (1997)

Random events discrete random variables continuous random variables systems of random variables functions of random variables entropy and information random processes - correlation theory random processes - spectral theory extreme value distributions reliability Markovian processes random fatigue geometric tolerance random loads and responses in some engineering systems processing of experimental data.
Exploiting the use of VHDL specifications in the AGENDA high-level synthesis environment (2002)

Recently, the AGENDA formal framework to perform high-level synthesis using attribute grammars has been presented, its main advantages being modularity and declarative notation in the development of EDA environments. To integrate this framework with modern optimization and technology mapping tools, compliance with the corresponding design entry method is needed. This paper gives a brief overview of AGENDA, focuses on different VHDL coding styles that have been adopted to describe the results of high-level synthesis and attempts comparisons between them. As it has been experimentally tested, the efficiency of the final design can be doubled by incorporation of more suitable coding styles. Such results can be proven very valuable in making VHDL an effective tool for tomorrow's designers.
Configuration Development of Autothermal Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Review (2015)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is typically operated at high temperature. Both electricity and heat are generated during operation. Therefore, SOFC can be efficiently designed to integrate the endothermic reformer with the cell for optimizing heat utilization, as called autothermal operation. However, the mismatch between rate of exothermic electrochemical reaction and endothermic reforming reaction is easily resulted in material cracking of that integrated structure. In order to overcome the thermal mismatch limitation, various approaches for autothermal SOFC configurations have been widely developed; these configurations can be classified into 2 main groups including direct internal reforming (as called DIR-SOFC) and indirect internal reforming (as called IIR-SOFC) operations. This review focuses on the technological progress of these various configurations. In detail, the thermal behavior inside each autothermal SOFC configuration is explored. The effect of different primary hydrocarbon fuels on temperature distribution in the autothermal SOFC structures is also indicted. In addition, the advantage and disadvantage on thermal stress reduction of each configuration are also discussed. The historical of this development would advantage for further system modification and scale up to desired power output
Poly(methyl methacrylate) Ionomers. 2. Deformation Modes under Simple Tension (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(methyl methacrylate) Ionomers. 2. Deformation Modes under Simple TensionX. Ma, J. A. Sauer, and M. HaraCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 16, 5526–5534Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00120a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00120a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Corrosion Behavior of Steel Pre-treated with Silanes (1987)

Steel panels were coated with ten different silanes by brushing the silane or a diluted silane on the surface, and the coated panels were evaluated for corrosion protection by measuring polarization resistance, anodic and cathodic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance, and accelerated rusting. Cathodic delamination tests were also performed on panels treated with three different silanes. The best overall corrosion protection was afforded by a coating formed from methyl triacetoxy silane. X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) studies suggest that the active silanes provide a continuous coating that is not removed from the surface when exposed to aqueous solution. The more protective silanes show Si-O-Si bonds indicative of polymerization.