gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handover Latency of MIPv6 Implementation in Linux (2007)

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is proposed to enable network applications to continuously operate at the required quality of service in the wire or wireless IP network. Handover latency of MIPv6 is the main cause of packet loss and performance degradation and is too long for real-time and throughput-sensitive applications. Enhancement of basic MIPv6 with respect to handover latency has been studied widely. A L3 handover procedure can be divided into four phases: Movement Detection, CoA Configuration, Home agent Registration and Route Optimization. The latencies in different handover phases have been measured in an operated wireless LAN (WLAN) in order to determine the performance bottleneck of handover. The effect of handover latency on the sliding window of TCP and application layer protocol is also parsed with experiment. Further more, we modify the MIPv6 implementations of Linux on mobile node and home agent to verify the potential of performance improvement for MIPv6 protocol. The experiment result can help the enhancement of MIPv6 and application development.
Effects of composition and exposure on the solar reflectance of Portland cement concrete (2001)

Increasing the solar reflectance (albedo) of a paved surface keeps it cooler in the sun, reducing convection of heat from pavement to air and thereby decreasing the ambient air temperature. Simulations of the influence of pavement albedo on air temperature in Los Angeles predict that increasing the albedo of 1,250 km2 of pavement by 0.25 would save cooling energy worth $15M yr-1, and reduce smog-related medical and lost-work expenses by $76M yr-1. Most sidewalks and a small fraction of roads and parking areas are paved with portland cement concrete, which can be made quite reflective through suitable choice of cement and aggregate. Variations with composition and environmental exposure of the albedos of portland cement concrete pavements were investigated through laboratory fabrication and exposure of 32 mixes of concrete. Twenty-four mixes yielded substandard, ''rough'' concretes due to high, unmet aggregate water demand. The albedos of the remaining eight ''smooth'' concrete mixes ranged from 0.41 to 0.77 (mean 0.59). Simulated weathering, soiling, and abrasion each reduced average concrete albedo (mean decreases 0.06, 0.05, and 0.19, respectively), though some samples became slightly more reflective through weathering or soiling. Simulated rain (wetting) strongly depressed the albedos of concretes (mean decrease 0.23) until their surfaces were dried. Concrete albedo grew as the cement hydration reaction progressed (mean increase 0.08), but stabilized within six weeks of casting. White-cement concretes were on average significantly more reflective than gray-cement concretes. The albedo of the most-reflective white-cement concrete was 0.18 to 0.39 higher than that of the most-reflective gray-cement concrete, depending on state of exposure. Concrete albedo generally correlated with cement albedo and sand albedo, and, after abrasion, with rock albedo. Cement albedo had a disproportionately strong influence on the reflectance of concrete. Efflorescence and surface carbonation whitened some gray-cement mixes.
Effectiveness of Chlortetracycline in Combination with Potassium Sorbate or Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate for Preservation of Vacuum Packed Rockfish Fillets (1984)

Rockfish fillets were dipped in either distilled deionized water (DDW), a solution of 1% Na4EDTA plus 5 ppm chlortetracycline (CTC) or 1% K-sorbate plus 5 ppm CTC. After dipping, fliets were vacuum packed and stored at 2°C. Samples were evaluated after 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days. The sorbate/CTC group differed less from fresh Filets than did the control (fillets dipped in DDW) for all indices measured (plate count, pH, redox potential, and TMA and NH3 concentrations). Fillets treated with EDTA/CTC differed to a greater extent from fresh fillets than the sorbate/CTC group but less than the controls. Results were corroborated by sensory analyses which tested for color, flavor and odor. Fish fillets dipped in a solution of 1% K-sorbate plus 5 ppm CTC retained odor and flavor properties of fresh fillets better than the EDTA/CTC treated fillets after 14 days of storage.
Form and capacitance of parallel-plate capacitors (1994)

In basic electrostatics, the formula for the capacitance of parallel-plate capacitors is derived, for the case that the spacing between the electrodes is very small compared to the length or width of the plates. However, when the separation is wide, the formula for very small separation does not provide accurate results. In our previously published papers, we used the boundary element method (BEM) to derive formulas for the capacitance of strip and disk capacitors that are applicable even when the separation is large. In this paper, we present results and formulas for the capacitances of square and rectangular capacitors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of ammonium analogs of carbocationic intermediates in the conversion of presqualene diphosphate to squalene (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ammonium analogs of carbocationic intermediates in the conversion of presqualene diphosphate to squaleneTodd L. Capson, Michael D. Thompson, Vyas M. Dixit, Roger G. Gaughan, and C. Dale PoulterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 25, 5903–5908Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00260a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (912 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A new directional, low-redundancy, complex-wavelet transform (2002)

Shift variance and poor directional selectivity, two major disadvantages of the discrete wavelet transform, have previously been circumvented either by using highly redundant, non-separable wavelet transforms or by using restrictive designs to obtain a pair of wavelet trees with a transform-domain redundancy of 4.0 in 2D. We demonstrate that excellent shift-invariance properties and directional selectivity may be obtained with a transform-domain redundancy of only 2.67 in 2D. We achieve this by projecting the wavelet coefficients from Selesnick's (Selesnick et al., 2000) almost-shift-invariant, double-density wavelet transform so as to separate approximately the positive and negative frequencies, thereby increasing directionality. Subsequent decimation and a novel inverse projection maintain the low redundancy while ensuring perfect reconstruction. Although our transform generates complex-valued coefficients allowing processing capabilities that are impossible with real-valued coefficients, it may be implemented with a fast algorithm that uses only real arithmetic. To demonstrate the efficacy of our new transform, we show that it achieves state-of-the-art performance in a seismic image-processing application.
<title>Object-relational database infrastructure for interactive multimedia service</title> (1997)

Modern interactive multimedia services, such as the video-on-demand, electronic library, and etc. tend to involve large-scale media archives of audio records, video clips, image banks, and text documents. Thus, these services impose many challenges on designing and implementing new generation database systems. In this paper, we first introduce a new multimedia data model, which could accommodate sophisticated media types, as well as complex relationships among different media entities. Thereafter, an object-relationship media types, as well as complex relationships among different media entities. Thereafter, an object-relational database infrastructure is proposed, to support applications of the data model developed in our project. The infrastructure is designated both as a framework for designing and implementing multimedia databases, and as a reference model to compare and evaluate different database systems. Features of the proposed infrastructure, as well as its implementation into a prototype multimedia database system, are also discussed in the paper.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oligomers (1991)

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. Historical. Applications. Origins and Nomenclature. GENERAL METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGOMERS. RADICAL OLIGOMERIZATION. Radical Oligomerization Initiated by Chemical Agents. Radical Oligomerization Initiated by Physical Means. Telomerization. OLIGOCONDENSATION. Introduction. Functionality. Molecular Weight Distribution. Origins of Oligomers in Step-Growth Reactions. Synthesis of Individual Oligomers. IONIC OLIGOMERIZATION. Basic Principles of Ionic Oligomerization. Cationic Oligomerization. Oligomerization by Coordinative and Miscellaneous Mechanisms. CHARACTERIZATION. SOLUBILITY OF OLIGOMERS. General Considerations. MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND STRUCTURE-MOLECULAR WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP. Introduction. Molecular Weight. Functionality. Structure-Functionality-Molecular Weight Relationship. OLIGOMER FRACTIONATION. Oligomer Fractionation by Solubility Methods. Oligomer Fractionation by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Oligomer Fractionation by Liquid Chromatographic Methods. Determination of the Structure and of the Chemical Composition of Oligomers. Dielectric Properties. Thermal Properties of Oligomers. INDEX.
An Automatic Method to Quantify Mucosal Waves Via Videokymography (2008)

The method used in this study allows for easy determination of four sets of vibratory parameters, and examination of the effect of biomechanical parameters on vocal fold vibrations.
Index Assignment for Progressive Transmission of Full Search Vector Quantization (2005)

We address progressive transmission of full search image vector quantization. We build a progressive transmission tree to define binary mergings of codewords for successively smaller sized codebooks. The tree design methods we apply are the generalized Lloyd algorithm splitting algorithm, minimum cost perfect matching, and a method of principal eigenvectors.
Ascending in Space Dimensions: Digital Crafting of M.C. Escher's Graphic Art (2011)

M.C. Escher's artwork has inspired and arguably even informed computer science, as well as geometric and shape modeling. Even today, much of his work poses challenges to conventional digital shape modeling systems. The authors introduce several interesting problems presented by Escher's graphic artworks and describe their use of a novel approach, based on implicit surfaces and their extension (Function Representation), to produce 2D, 2.5D and 3D computer models. They also discuss several physical objects or sculptures based on these models, crafted using digital fabrication processes.
Adaptive method of closed orbit correction (2002)

A new adaptive method of closed orbit correction with a self-modeling feature is developed for third-generation synchrotron light sources with many insertion devices. The quasi-Newtonian method is applied iteratively to minimize the closed orbit distortions and to approach optimal control. The information from iterative position measurements is used to update the response matrix adaptively. A roughly estimated matrix from optic functions can initialize the correction scheme. The convergence rate is at least superlinear. Hence, the adaptive method may increase the efficiency of fast closed orbit correction. The noise immunity of this method is also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Label-free aptamer-based electrochemical impedance biosensor for 17β-estradiol (2011)

A novel aptamer-based label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy biosensor for 17β-estradiol has been fabricated. The aptamers were firstly immobilized on the gold electrode through Au-S interaction; the aptamer probe was then bound with the addition of 17β-estradiol to form the estradiol/aptamer complex on the electrode surface. This leads to a significantly larger interfacial electron transfer resistance than that without the addition of 17β-estradiol. The change in the resistance had a linear relationship with 17β-estradiol concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10(-8) to 1.0 × 10(-11) mol L(-1), with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10(-12) mol L(-1). The biosensor showed high selectivity to 17β-estradiol and good stability. The designed biosensor has been applied to detect 17β-estradiol in human urine with satisfactory results.
Dynamic electro-thermal physically based compact models of the power devices for device and circuit simulations (2002)

New dynamic electro-thermal models of the power MOSFET, and power bipolar devices (PiN diode and IGBT) are presented in this paper. Firstly, electric device models were made, and then they were transformed into the electro-thermal models by adding a thermal node. This thermal node stores information about junction temperature and represents a connection between the device and rest of the circuit thermal network. All models have been found to be efficient and robust in all cases examined.
Stabilizing the open conformation of the integrin headpiece with a glycan wedge increases affinity for ligand (2003)

The affinity of the extracellular domain of integrins for ligand is regulated by conformational changes signaled from the cytoplasm. Alternative types of conformational movement in the ligand-binding headpiece have been proposed. In one study, electron micrograph image averages of the headpiece of integrin aV beta 3 show two different conformations. The open conformation of the headpiece is present when a ligand mimetic peptide is bound and differs from the closed conformation in the presence of an obtuse angle between the beta 3 subunit hybrid and I-like domains. We tested the hypothesis that opening of the hybrid-I-like domain interface increases ligand-binding affinity by mutationally introducing an N-glycosylation site into it. Both beta 3 and beta1 integrin glycan wedge mutants exhibit constitutively high affinity for physiological ligands. The data uniquely support one model of integrin activation and suggest that movement at the interface with the hybrid domain pulls down the C-terminal helix of the I-like domain and activates its metal ion-dependent adhesion site, analogously to activation of the integrin I domain.
The Scientific World-Outlook (1947)

The scientific world-outlook is something quite different from natural science. The word “science” in its legitimate modern usage represents both a kind of knowledge and the method of obtaining that knowledge. By “science” we may mean an objective body of facts and relationships concerning the physical world and arrived at by the scientific method of observation and reasoning—preferably quantitative observation and mathematical reasoning: thus we may say that the law of constant proportions is a part of the science of chemistry. But we may also use the word science to denote that scientific method which I have just mentioned: thus I may say that science is the key to the investigation of nature—or that some inaccurate or biased piece of work is unscientific . Science, in either of these senses, does not contain any world-outlook, for it is quite impersonal. Thus science in the first sense consists of certain statements and relationships e.g .—that sulphur is yellow, that Jupiter has eight satellites, that all solutions of acids in water conduct electricity; while the scientific method indicates the manner in which from the data of our sense-impressions we can infer statements and conclusions, such as the above, which will be found to represent the phenomena correctly. But a scientific world-outlook means something different, because it is a world -outlook, the attitude of a man or woman towards the whole of that of which he or she is conscious.
Direct Solid‐Phase Glycosylations of Peptide Templates on a Novel PEG‐Based Resin (1997)

Glycopeptide libraries in which both the carbohydrate part and the peptide part have been varied can be generated by stereoselctive glycosylation of free hydroxy groups of support-bound peptides with glycosyl trichloroacetimidates. The use of temporary t Bu protecting groups enabled the stereoselctive synthesis of a model library of four glycopeptides (one is depicted on the right) that each have two different glycosyl groups.
Declaratively programming the mobile web with Mobl (2011)

A new generation of mobile touch devices, such as the iPhone, iPad and Android devices, are equipped with powerful, modern browsers. However, regular websites are not optimized for the specific features and constraints of these devices, such as limited screen estate, unreliable Internet access, touch-based interaction patterns, and features such as GPS. While recent advances in web technology enable web developers to build web applications that take advantage of the unique properties of mobile devices, developing such applications exposes a number of problems, specifically: developers are required to use many loosely coupled languages with limited tool support and application code is often verbose and imperative. We introduce mobl, a new language designed to declaratively construct mobile web applications. Mobl integrates languages for user interface design, styling, data modeling, querying and application logic into a single, unified language that is flexible, expressive, enables early detection of errors, and has good IDE support.
Composite reflections (1950)

Abstract This paper discusses the development of a method of reflection seismic prospecting based on the use of the seismic PS phase--a disturbance which has traveled from the shot to the reflecting bed as a dilatational wave and from the reflecting bed to the earth's free surface as a shear wave, where it is picked up by horizontal component geophones. The reflection occurs on the seismogram in the otherwise quiet region between the dilatational waves and the ground roll and thus is never obscured by the ground roll. The reflection is quite clear and capable of spot correlation from spread to spread.The use of the method in delineating the Homer and Cotton Valley structures, near Minden, Louisiana, is described in detail. The method appears to be applicable to regions where an unconsolidated subsurface extends downwards from the earth's surface to a single hard bed serving as a reflector. Criteria for identifying the disturbance as a composite reflection are given and the advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.
Isolation and characterization of human placental chorionic villar extracellular matrix (1979)

The cell-free extracellular matrix of human placental chorionic villi has been prepared by a procedure employing extraction of the terminal villar fragments with the detergents Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate. The isolated human placental extracellular matrix retains an intact, but collapsed, histoarchitecture, as observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It remains intact, in large part because of the presence of continuous sheets of villar basement membranes and associated interstitial collagen fibers and scattered patches of fibrin. The staining charcteristics and chemical composition of the isolated human placental extracellular matrlix are similar to those reported for basement membranes in several tissues and indicate the presence of collagen-like and glycoprotein components in this preparation. Gel electrophoresis of urea-SDS-mercaptoethanol extracts of the matrix showed that it consists of several polypeptide components of various molecuar weights, some of which are associated into high molecular weight complexes by disulfide bonds.
Leveraging the power of intangible assets (2006)

Many managers have anticipated the time when they could track information about their intangible assets as easily as they monitor cash flow and market share. They have looked forward to being able to track customer satisfaction, innovation, and employee skill levels with real-time data. Thanks to advances in information technology, this day is almost here. Yet the author argues that few managers have begun even to scratch the surface in seizing the opportunities that this information offers. Managers will need to determine which parts of the business they want to understand; what information will lead to an answer; and how well the information and technology (including text and data mining) can answer their questions. Currently, companies extract information about intangibles for fairly narrow applications (for example, to analyze data about customer preferences in order to improve the profitability of certain customer segments). But managers looking to derive maximum value will want to use this information more robustly. They should consider a set of factors: the nature of the questions they want to answer; the quality of the data available; the technology they need to use; and the extent to which major process changes will impact the organization.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METHYL (E,Z,Z)‐2(OR 4 OR 6),9,12‐OCTADECATRIENOATE AND METHYL (E,Z,Z)‐2(OR 6 OR 8),11,14‐EICOSATRIENOATE (1980)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (IIIa), (IIIb), (Va), (Vb), (VIIIb) und (VIIIc) werden im Hinblick auf geplante Untersuchungen des Zusammenhangs ihrer chemischen Struktur und ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften synthetisiert: 1. Aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) werden die Verbindungen (III) gewonnen.
Controlling defects in fine-grained sputtered nickel catalyst for graphene growth (2018)

Sputter-prepared nickel (Ni) films can lose more than half their starting thickness due to evaporation in hydrogen (H2) annealing environments. The loss rate of the sputtered Ni films during the chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene has not been reported earlier. The evaporation rate of sputtered Ni film with the amorphous, mixed, preferred ⟨111⟩ texture was experimentally determined to be 20, 11, and 6 nm/m, respectively. An increase of argon mixture in H2 was found to reduce pitting defects in the films during annealing. The quality of grown graphene on top of the Ni improved when the growth temperature was raised from 900 to 1000 °C, as monitored by Raman spectroscopy. More importantly, loss in the starting Ni film thickness can inhibit the growth of graphene layers. By maintaining the growth of the graphene to two layers or less, a high optical transparency of 95% or better can be achieved.