gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galvanic Point Anodes for Extending the Service Life of Patched Areas Upon Reinforced Concrete Bridge Members (2009)

The polarization performance of two types of commercial galvanic point anodes for protection of rebar around patch repairs was evaluated. Experiments included measurement of the polarization history of the anode under galvanostatic load, in reinforced concrete slabs, and in field installations. The tests revealed, for both types of anodes, a potential-current function (PCF) indicating relatively little anodic polarization from an open circuit potential at low current levels, followed by an abrupt increase in potential as the current approached an apparent terminal value. Aging of the anodes was manifested by a continually decreasing current output in the concrete tests, and by increasingly more positive potentials in the galvanostatic tests. Those changes reflected an evolution of the PCF generally toward more positive open circuit potentials and, more importantly, to the onset of elevated polarized potentials at increasingly lower current levels. There was considerable variability among the performance of replicate units of a given anode type. Modest to poor steel polarization levels were achieved when coupled with point anodes both in laboratory and field tests. Modeling of a generic patch configuration was implemented with a one-dimensional approximation. The model calculated the throwing distance that could be achieved by a given number of anodes per unit perimeter of the patch, concrete thickness, concrete resistivity, amount of steel and amount of polarization needed for cathodic prevention. The model projections and aging information suggest that anode performance in likely application scenarios may seriously degrade after only a few years of operation, even if a relatively optimistic 100 mV corrosion prevention criterion were assumed. Less conservative criteria have been proposed in the literature but are yet to be substantiated. Other investigations suggest a significantly more conservative corrosion prevention may apply instead. The latter case would question the ability of the point anodes to provide adequate corrosion prevention.
In-Situ Detection of Lithium Plating Using High Precision Coulometry (2015)

Plating of metallic lithium on the negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries can dramatically reduce cell lifetime, impact cell safety and must be avoided during normal cell operation. Due to the low efficiency of the lithium plating/stripping process relative to the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium from graphite, small amounts of lithium plating can be detected through high accuracy measurements of coulombic efficiency. In this study, coulombic efficiency versus charging rate was measured at different temperatures and for two cell types. Small changes to the coulombic efficiency during cycling resulting from small amounts of lithium plating during the charging process were detected using a high precision charger. Cells were disassembled and examined to confirm the presence of lithium plating at the rates predicted to cause plating. This work shows how high precision coulometry can be used to maximize the performance of the cell through battery management by varying the maximum charge rate as a function of temperature to avoid lithium plating.
A substitution at His-120 in the LasA protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa blocks enzymatic activity without affecting propeptide processing or extracellular secretion (1996)

The LasA protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can degrade elastin and is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of this organism. LasA (20 kDa) is a member of the beta-lytic endopeptidase family of extracellular bacterial proteases, and it shows high-level staphylolytic activity. We sequenced the lasA gene from strain FRD1 and overexpressed it in Escherichia coli. The lasA gene encodes a precursor, known as pre-proLasA, of 45,582 Da. Amino-terminal sequence analysis allowed the identification of the signal peptidase cleavage site and revealed that the 31-amino-acid signal peptide was removed in E. coli. The remaining proLasA (42 kDa) did not undergo autoproteolytic processing and showed little staphylolytic activity. However, it was readily processed to a 20-kDa active staphylolytic protease by incubation with trypsin or with the culture filtrate of a P. aeruginosa lasAdelta mutant. Thus, removal of the propeptide (22 kDa) was required to convert proLasA into an active protease. Although LasA protease was critical for staphylolytic activity, other proteases like elastase were found to enhance staphylolysis. Under the control of an inducible trc promoter, lasA was overexpressed in P. aeruginosa and the processing intermediates were examined. Compared with wild-type cells, the overproducing cells accumulated more 42-kDa proLasA species, and the culture supernatants of the overproducing cells showed increased levels of active 20-kDa LasA protease. Small amounts of a 25-kDa extracellular LasA-related protein, which could represent a potential processing intermediate, were also observed. To better understand the structure-function relationships in LasA protease, we tested whether His-120-X-His-122 in the mature portion of LasA plays a role in activity. This motif and surrounding sequences are conserved in the related beta-lytic protease of Achromobacter lyticus. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to change His-120 to Ala-120, thus forming the lasA5 allele. The product of lasA5 expressed from the chromosome of P. aeruginosa was processed to a stable, secreted 20-kDa protein (designated LasA-H120A) which was devoid of staphylolytic activity. This suggests that His-120 is essential for LasA activity and favors the possibility that proLasA processing and secretion in P. aeruginosa can proceed via mechanisms which do not involve autoproteolysis.
Applications in Computer Vision, Image Retrieval and Robotics (2013)

In this chapter, we begin to switch our focus from the visual attention modelling of Chapters 3-6 to the applications of these models. In Chapter 7, we first introduce the conventional engineering methods for object detection and recognition in Section 7.1. Then attention modelling combined with object detection and recognition for natural scenes is presented in Section 7.2. Since satellite images are different from natural images, in Section 7.3 we introduce the attention assisted object detection and recognition for satellite images. Section 7.4 presents image retrieval via visual attention. Another application of visual attention is presented finally for robots. This chapter does not try to introduce all aspects and works related to computer vision, image retrieval and robotics based on visual attention, but only demonstrates some typical methods of combining visual attention with conventional engineering methods. Readers can infer other aspects from these introduced applications.
Effect of bevelling on the occurrence of fractures in the enamel surrounding composite resin fillings (1977)

Three different types of cavities: (1) with a 90 degree cavo-surface angle, (2) with a bevel at the cavity margin 0-25-0-50 mm wide, and (3) with a bevel at the cavity margin 0-5-1-0 mm wide, were prepared in extracted human teeth. Fifteen cavities of all three types were filled with Adaptic. Fifteen cavities of Type 2 and of Type 3 were filled with cosmic and the same number and types of cavities with prestige. The fillings were polished 10 min after starting the mix of the composite resins. Fractures in the enamel at the cavity margins were visualized by discoloration with methylene blue. Fractures were observed around all types of cavities, but, for all types of materials, an increased bevel at the margin gave an increased number of fillings without fractures in the enamel. However, great variations in the frequency of fractures were also observed; i.e. Adaptic showing a small frequency, Cosmic a medium and Prestige a great frequency of fillings connected with fractures at the enamel margin.
C-reactive protein antigenicity on the surface of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Characterization of lymphocytes reactive with anti-neo-CRP. (1988)

Previously, we have shown that antibodies specific for C-reactive protein determinants, not present on the native molecule, termed neo-CRP, also react with a significant percentage of PBL. In the present study, cells were evaluated by flow cytometry using alpha-neo-CRP antisera and mAb specific for lymphocyte subsets. With use of either monocyte-depleted PBL or Percoll-enriched large granular lymphocytes, we observed an overlap between cells reactive with alpha-neo-CRP and cells bearing the surface markers CD16, CD11b, Leu-7, and/or Leu-19, which are expressed on NK cells. In addition, we showed co-expression of the neo-CRP antigen with CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, cell surface markers which are expressed on B lymphocytes. The major proportion of CD3+ cells failed to exhibit co-expression of neo-CRP. Single parameter flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that cells reactive with alpha-neo-CRP exhibited a bimodal staining pattern based on fluorescence intensity: high intensity neo-CRPbright and low intensity neo-CRPdim. Two-color analysis revealed that neo-CRPbright cells co-expressed CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, whereas neo-CRPdim cells co-expressed CD16, CD11b, Leu-7, and Leu-19. Anti-neo-CRP also reacted with PBL obtained from patients with CD16+ lymphoproliferative disorders and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell origin, but not with cells from patients with T cell or myeloid leukemias. The alpha-neo-CRP cells from patients with NK cell expansions showed dim fluorescence, whereas patients with B cell expansions showed bright fluorescence, consistent with the staining patterns observed with normal PBL. In addition, cell lines of T cell, B cell, NK cell, myeloid, and erythroid origin were evaluated for reactivity with alpha-neo-CRP. The cloned NK cell line NK 3.3 reacted as neo-CRPdim, but the B cell lines BL41, BL41/95, T1, T2, and CESS all reacted as neo-CRPbright. The cell lines K562, Molt-4, Hut-78, HL-60, U-937, and THP-1-0, which lack characteristic NK and B cell markers, did not react with alpha-neo-CRP. Additional study of the two-color histograms revealed a distinct diagonal staining pattern that was observed only when cells were co-stained with alpha-neo-CRP and either alpha-CD16 (alpha-Fc gamma RIII) or antibody IV3 (alpha-CDw32; alpha-Fc gamma RII). This finding suggests a 1:1 relationship between Fc gamma R on both NK and B cells and determinants recognized by alpha-neo-CRP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experience with an emergence trap for insects breeding in dead wood (1992)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
CAWS: Visualizing awareness to improve the effectiveness of co-authoring activities (2008)

Knowledge of the actions of other users is essential to the design of an effective collaborative authoring system. The reasons for this are rooted in the concept of awareness of individual and group activities. This research presents CAWS, a collaborative authoring system that builds upon several areas of research including studies of co-authoring practices, studies supporting awareness in collaborative environment, systems supporting collaborative authoring activities and wikis. An example usage scenario is described, highlighting the way that CAWS can facilitate collaboration by supporting users’ editing awareness, users’ status awareness, users’ actions awareness, users’ roles and responsibilities awareness, users’ annotation awareness and awareness of document deadlines. The features of the tool are described, specifically how they relate to the theoretical principles of awareness on which it is based.
The Multicomposite Structure of Tendon (1978)

A revised morphological model for the crimp structure of tendon is presented. The 300-500 mu diameter tendons of the mature rat tail are comprised of from one to more than ten substructures, called fascicles, of 80-320 mu diameter. Fascicles each possess a "crimp structure" demonstrable in the polarizing microscope and neighboring fascicles within a tendon usually exhibit crimp registry. The fascicle itself is shown to be a cylindrical array of planar-zig-zag crimped 500-5000 A diameter collagen fibrils. The approximate cylindrical symmetry of the fascicle is domonstrated by SEM not equal to and polarizing optical microscopy. A method of replacing native water with other liquids of refractive index near to that of collagen is utilized to reduce or eliminate light diffusion and therby greatly improve OM observations. Small bunches of collagen fibrils removed from the tendon are shown to exhibit the simple planar zig-zag morphology described in previous literature. The planar crimping of collagen fibrils and their assemblage into cylindrically symmetric fascicles is verified by small angle X-ray diffraction.
Ad-hoc and sensor networks: worst-case vs. average-case (2004)

Ad-hoc and sensor networks are rapidly growing areas of research which study the problems arising when small and feeble devices build a communication infrastructure. A vast majority of researchers in the field make strong average-case assumptions about these networks, for example that the devices are distributed uniformly at random. To system builders on the other hand many of these assumptions appear suspicious. In this paper we advocate an algorithmic (worst-case) approach to ad-hoc and sensor networking. We survey a few also worst-case efficient algorithms for topology control, clustering, and routing.
A Novel Bayesian DNA Motif Comparison Method for Clustering and Retrieval (2008)

Characterizing the DNA-binding specificities of transcription factors is a key problem in computational biology that has been addressed by multiple algorithms. These usually take as input sequences that are putatively bound by the same factor and output one or more DNA motifs. A common practice is to apply several such algorithms simultaneously to improve coverage at the price of redundancy. In interpreting such results, two tasks are crucial: clustering of redundant motifs, and attributing the motifs to transcription factors by retrieval of similar motifs from previously characterized motif libraries. Both tasks inherently involve motif comparison. Here we present a novel method for comparing and merging motifs, based on Bayesian probabilistic principles. This method takes into account both the similarity in positional nucleotide distributions of the two motifs and their dissimilarity to the background distribution. We demonstrate the use of the new comparison method as a basis for motif clustering and retrieval procedures, and compare it to several commonly used alternatives. Our results show that the new method outperforms other available methods in accuracy and sensitivity. We incorporated the resulting motif clustering and retrieval procedures in a large-scale automated pipeline for analyzing DNA motifs. This pipeline integrates the results of various DNA motif discovery algorithms and automatically merges redundant motifs from multiple training sets into a coherent annotated library of motifs. Application of this pipeline to recent genome-wide transcription factor location data in S. cerevisiae successfully identified DNA motifs in a manner that is as good as semi-automated analysis reported in the literature. Moreover, we show how this analysis elucidates the mechanisms of condition-specific preferences of transcription factors.
El discurso de los derechos humanos y sus condiciones de posibilidad en la escuela secundaria (2014)

In this paper some of the difficulties that influence the appropriation of the discourse of human rights in schools are discussed. Supported in critical na rrative ethnography of teachers and students is analyzed belonging to a high school. The reconstruction on the importance of the principle of minority as support the aims and strategies that are used today in shaping adolescent identifies. The importance of this principle is that it regulates the management of coexistence in high school opposed to a human rights approach to meaning. Deepening the understanding of their nature allow us to identify some of the challenges faced in training processes and intervention teachers.
Synthesis and Local Anesthetic Activity of Some Novel <i>N</i>‐[5‐(4‐Substituted)phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl]‐2‐(Substituted)‐Acetamides (2008)

A novel series of acetamides carrying substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized from reaction of 5-aryl-2-chloroacetamido-1,3,4-oxadiazoles with different secondary amines. The local anesthetic potential of the compounds was investigated using rabbit corneal reflex method and guinea pig's wheal derm method. The present work is the only one of its kind reporting local anesthetic activity in acetamide system combined with 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus. Lidocaine was selected as standard drug in evaluation of local anesthetic activity of synthesized oxadiazole analogues. Compound 19 was found to possess significant local anesthetic activity in both the models employed for evaluation of local anesthetic activity. Compound 20, 23, 28, 29 and 35 also demonstrated marked local anesthetic activities. Structure-activity relationships among synthesized compounds were also established.
Improved dynamic performance of the 3-phase induction motor using equivalent circuit parameter correction (1994)

The dynamic variation of rotor resistance due to the skin effect in a deep-bar induction motor has been modelled. A simulation of the motor including the skin effect, driven by a vector controller, has been developed in order to investigate the degradation of performance caused by the dynamic error in rotor resistance and hence rotor time constant. Due to the dependency of the vector algorithm on an accurate knowledge of the rotor time constant, even a relatively small error of 5% introduced dynamically due to the skin effect causes noticeable degradation of the system performance. A simple nonlinear compensation scheme has been proposed which reduces this error to less than 1% while placing a minimum additional computational burden on the controller.
Housekeeping genes for quantitative expression studies in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (2008)

As they were the most stably expressed genes in all tissues examined, we suggest using the genes for the L13a ribosomal binding protein and ubiquitin as alternative or additional reference genes in expression analysis in Gasterosteus aculeatus.
Acyclic and Cyclic Silylaminohydrazines (2009)

The reaction of H 2 N-NH 2 with ClSiMe 2 N(SiMe 3 ) 2 in a molar ratio 1 : 2 gave the bis(silylamino) hydrazine [HNSiMe 2 -N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 (1). Compound 1 forms a monomeric dilithium salt with BuLi. From n-hexane (Me 3 Si-NSiMe 2 -NLiSiMe 3 ) 2 (2) crystallizes while from THF [Me 3 Si-NSiMe 2 - NLi(THF)SiMe 3 ] 2 (3) precipitates. Compounds 2 and 3 are formed from 1 via a silyl group migration. In the rearranged salts, the silyl groups are bonded at the hydrazino nitrogen atoms. Hydrolysis of 2 led to the formation of (Me 3 Si-N-SiMe 2 -NHSiMe 3 ) 2 (4) which is a structural isomer of 1. Ring closure occurs in reactions of 2 or 3 with F 3 B ・ OEt 2 or SiF 4 . The seven-membered rings (Me 3 Si- N-SiMe 2 -NSiMe 3 ) 2 BF (5) and (Me 3 Si-NSiMe 2 -NSiMe 3 ) 2 SiF 2 , (6) were isolated as the products. The crystal structures of 2, 3 and 5 have been determined.
Organ Transplants and Japanese Views of Life and Death : Talking with Living Pediatric Liver Donors (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to show a few aspects of contemporary Japanese views of life and death through the testimonies of living donors, particularly pediatric liver donors. But first of all, let me present some background information about this study. From the first enactment of the transplant law in 1997 to July 2010, Japan witnessed only 86 transplants from brain-dead donors, an average of 6-7 donors per year. This figure is very low in comparison with Western societies. And this difference has been attributed to particularities of Japanese religious culture. However, Japan’s organ transplant law was revised in 2009, and the amended law recently went into effect in July 2010. Now, (1) when a patient goes into a brain-dead state without a proper will, transplant surgery can be performed with the consent of a family member, and (2) child-to-child transplants are possible, as the law lowered the minimum age (previously
Comparison of Enterococci and Coliform Microorganisms in Commercially Produced Pecan Nut Meats (1963)

Pecan nut meats in the unbroken shell are sterile for enteric microorganisms. Recovery of coliform microorganisms or enterococci from finished pecan nut meats indicated contact contamination, assuming the tempering procedures to be satisfactory. Results of specific studies, designed toward developing background data on the sanitary significance of enterococci and coliform microorganisms in the production of pecan meats are reported. Unbroken pecan nuts or nut meats from various stages of shelling operations were diluted with a phosphate-buffered diluent. Serial dilutions were inoculated into Lactose Broth and Azide Dextrose Broth. The lactose fermentors were carried through indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate reactions; the positive Azide Dextrose cultures were confirmed in Ethyl Violet Azide Broth and microscopically. Viable plate counts were obtained. Enterococci were found resistant to many deterrent factors affecting coliforms. Recoveries of enterococci were detected long after pollution had occurred. Little correlation was found between enterococcal recovery and observed insanitary practices in commercial shelling operations. Using the coliaerogenes group and, specifically, Escherichia coli as a sanitation index, microorganisms allowed accurate appraisal of tempering, personnel practices, and contact surface contaminating factors. It is felt this was due, in part, to the more delicate growth characteristics of E. coli. The fact that other pathogenic microorganisms, capable of causing gastrointestinal upsets, are associated with the presence of E. coli introduces a health factor which is important to regulatory agencies concerned with consumer protection.
The ketogenic and related diets in adolescents and adults-A review (2011)

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to treat children with epilepsy who are resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) since the 1920s, and has undergone a resurgence in popularity over the last 15 years Its use in adolescents and adults has been more restrained. During the past few decades, more liberal regimens have emerged that may seem more attractive to older people while still proving effective, often independent of ketone levels. The KD and its variants may lead to similar reductions in seizure frequency in adolescents and adults as seen in children, although studies are limited and of poor quality. A total of only 122 adults and 82 adolescents have been included in open-label studies on the KD, and only 56 adults and 10 adolescents on the Modified Atkins Diet. Side effects appear similar to those encountered in children. Noncompliance may be higher in adolescents and adults than in children, but the main reason for discontinuation is lack of efficacy. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of the KD might allow the same treatment effects to be achieved using novel, better-tolerated, nondietary approaches.