gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A photoacoustic spectrometer for measuring subgap absorption spectra of semiconductors (1994)

In this paper we describe the design of a high resolution near-infrared photoacoustic spectrometer of the gas-microphone type intended to be used for measuring impurity absorption spectra of semiconductors. Particular attention has been paid to the design of the photoacoustic cell to find the most suitable one, and as a result, several cells differing in geometry and materials have been investigated. We present results for the PA amplitude dependence on the modulating frequency for carbon black powder and some widely used semiconductors. The sensitivity of the spectrometer and its effectiveness in resolving active defect states existing in the subgap absorption spectra of semiconductors are demonstrated in both optically opaque and transparent thick and thin samples.
Structure of bacteriophage <i>ϕ</i> 29 head fibers has a supercoiled triple repeating helix-turn-helix motif (2011)

The tailed bacteriophage 29 capsid is decorated with 55 fibers attached to quasi-3-fold symmetry positions. Each fiber is a homotrimer of gene product 8.5 (gp8.5) and consists of two major structural parts, a pseudohexagonal base and a protruding fibrous portion that is about 110 Å in length. The crystal structure of the C-terminal fibrous portion (residues 112-280) has been determined to a resolution of 1.6 Å. The structure is about 150 Å long and shows three distinct structural domains designated as head, neck, and stem. The stem region is a unique three-stranded helix-turn-helix supercoil that has not previously been described. When fitted into a cryoelectron microscope reconstruction of the virus, the head structure corresponded to a disconnected density at the distal end of the fiber and the neck structure was located in weak density connecting it to the fiber. Thin section studies of Bacillus subtilis cells infected with fibered or fiberless 29 suggest that the fibers might enhance the attachment of the virions onto the host cell wall.
Thermal Stability of Complex Oxide Combustion Catalyst Supports (1998)

As part of a search for more thermostable supports for combustion catalysts for gas turbine applications, a series of complex oxide materials were prepared by sol−gel synthesis and two different coprecipitation routes. The materials were chosen on the basis of literature studies; two hexaaluminates (LaAl11O18 and BaMnAl11O19-α), a perovskite (SrZrO3), a spinel (MgAl2O4), and a pyrochlore (La2Zr2O7). After synthesis, the materials were aged for 16 h in a flow of humid air at temperatures between 1100 and 1400 °C, simulating the actual conditions in a catalytic combustor. The aged samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption for determination of BET surface area, and scanning electron microscopy. The sol−gel materials generally exhibited higher thermal stability than their coprecipitated counterparts. One exception was LaAl11O18, which had the highest surface area of all materials, 8 m2/g, after aging at 1400 °C, both for the sol−gel synthesized and one coprecipitated material. The reaction paths for the high-temperature solid-state reactions depended on preparation procedure and stoichiometry of the product.
High-level synthesis and optimization strategies in Hercules and Hebe (2002)

Presents an approach to automated synthesis of digital circuits from behavioral specifications. The system, called Hercules and Hebe, offers many advantages to the designer. First, the system supports constraint-driven synthesis where timing and resource constraints are applied to guide the synthesis decisions. Second, systematic design space exploration is possible, where the designer explores the tradeoff between area and performance to meet the design objectives. Third, logic synthesis techniques are uniformly incorporated within the synthesis framework to provide estimates to guide high-level decisions. Along with a synthesis oriented hardware description language called HardwareC, Hercules/Hebe provides an environment for the design of general synchronous digital circuits, with specific attention to the requirements of ASIC designs. The system has been applied to complex ASIC designs, including the Digital Audio I/O, MAMA, and Bi-Dimensional DCT chips.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
miR-137, a new target for post-stroke depression？ (2013)

Expression of miR-137 is downregulated in brain tissue from patients with depression and suicidal behavior,and is also downregulated in peripheral blood from stroke patients.However,it is not yet known if miR-137 acts as a bridge between stroke and depression.To test this,we used middle cerebral artery occlusion and chronic mild stress to establish a post-stroke depression model in rats.Compared with controls,we found significantly lower miR-137 levels in the brain and peripheral blood from post-stroke depression rats.Injection of a miR-137 antagonist into the brain ventricles upregulated miR-137 levels,and improved behavioral changes in post-stroke depression rats.Luciferase assays showed miR-137 bound to the 3′UTR of Grin2A,regulating Grin2A expression in a neuronal cell line.Grin2A gene overexpression in the brain of post-stroke depression rats,noticeably suppressed the inhibitory effect of miR-137 on post-stroke depression.Overall,our results show that miR-137 suppresses Grin2A protein expression through binding to Grin2A mRNA,thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on post-stroke depression.Our results offer a new therapeutic direction for post-stroke depression.
Atención comunitaria: Planificación para la acción. (1989)

Sin resumen
Comparative Study on Fibers Isolated from Four R-Type Pyocins, Phage-Tail-Like Bacteriocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa1 (1982)

Five R-type pyocins have been reported which are almost identical with one another in their morphology and subunit composition, though distinct in receptor-binding specificity. We isolated fibers from pyocin R2, R3, and R4 by essentially the same procedure as used in our previous isolation of pyocin R1 fiber with unimpaired receptor-binding ability. All the isolated fibers including R1 fiber were indistinguishable from one another, in terms of electron microscopic observation and subunit composition analysis by SDS gel electrophoresis. They consisted mainly of Subunit No. 2 (Mw 71,000) and No. 9 (31,000) proteins. Although Subunit No. 9 protein in every fiber was susceptible to trypsin and afforded a fragment with the same molecular weight (about 19,000) detectable in the SDS gel, Subunit No. 2 protein was cleaved with trypsin only after the fiber had been treated with an organomercurial, 4-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2-mercuriphenol. The cleavage of Subunit No. 2 protein proceeded to give several fragments with molecular weights ranging from 64,000 to 34,000, and the fragmentation patterns were electrophoretically distinct at least among R1 fiber, R3 fiber, and others (R2 and R4 fibers). The results indicate that Subunit No. 2 proteins of these fibers are different from one another in the structure surrounding trypsin-susceptible peptide bonds. Immunological investigations with anti-R1 fiber antibodies provided some additional information on the difference among R-type pyocins at the fiber level.
Multimodal characterization of compositional, structural and functional features of human atherosclerotic plaques (2011)

Detection of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability has critical clinical implications for avoiding sudden death in patients with high risk of plaque rupture. We report on multimodality imaging of ex-vivo human carotid plaque samples using a system that integrates fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), ultrasonic backscatter microscopy (UBM), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Biochemical composition is differentiated with a high temporal resolution and sensitivity at the surface of the plaque by the FLIM subsystem. 3D microanatomy of the whole plaque is reconstructed by the UBM. Functional imaging associated with optical absorption contrast is evaluated from the PAI component. Simultaneous recordings of the optical, ultrasonic, and photoacoustic data present a wealth of complementary information concerning the plaque composition, structure, and function that are related to plaque vulnerability. This approach is expected to improve our ability to study atherosclerotic plaques. The multimodal system presented here can be translated into a catheter based intraluminal system for future clinical studies.
Normative database of isometric cervical strength in a healthy population (2002)

There was a significant negative correlation between age and cervical strength and a significant positive correlation between weight and strength and between height and strength. However, the flexor/extensor ratio was maintained around 0.6 in all ages.
DNA–nanoparticle micelles as supramolecular fluorogenic substrates enabling catalytic signal amplification and detection by DNAzyme probes (2010)

Catalytic DNA molecules have tremendous potential in propagating detection events via nucleic acid sequence selective signal amplification. However, they suffer from product inhibition limiting their widespread utility. Herein, this limitation is overcome utilizing a novel fluorogenic substrate design consisting of cooperatively assembled DNA-nanoparticle micelles.
Experimental Investigation of the Nature of the Magnetoresistance Effects in Pd-YIG Hybrid Structures (2014)

In bilayers consisting of Pd and yttrium iron garnet (Y(3)Fe(5)O(12) or YIG), we observe vanishingly small room-temperature conventional anisotropic magnetoresistance but large new magnetoresistance that is similar to the spin Hall magnetoresistance previously reported in Pt-YIG bilayers. We report a temperature dependence study of the two magnetoresistance effects in Pt-YIG bilayers. As the temperature is decreased, the new magnetoresistance shows a peak, whereas the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect starts to appear and increases monotonically. We find that the magnetoresistance peak shifts to lower temperatures in thicker Pd samples, a feature characteristic of the spin current effect. The distinct temperature dependence reveals fundamentally different mechanisms responsible for the two effects in such hybrid structures.
Characterizing Major Bleeding in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Pharmacovigilance Study of 27 467 Patients Taking Rivaroxaban (2015)

In this large observational study, the MB rate was generally consistent with the registration trial results, and fatal bleeds were rare.
Human erythrocyte pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase, PN-I, is identical to p36, a protein associated to lupus inclusion formation in response to α-interferon (2000)

Erythrocyte maturation is accompanied by RNA degradation and release of mononucleotides. We have previously purified PN-I, a pyrimidine nucleotidase whose deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia. Computer-aided analysis of PN-I tryptic and CNBr peptide sequences revealed substantial identity with tryptic peptide sequences reported for p36, an α-interferon-induced protein. PN-I partial sequences were matched through the expressed sequence tag database with different human complementary DNA (cDNA) clones, whose sequences were exploited to screen a human placenta cDNA library. PN-I cDNA, coding for a 286-residue protein, was expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding a fully active recombinant enzyme. The recombinant protein sequence comprised the peptide sequences determined for PN-I and p36. Rabbit antisera raised against two peptides deriving from p36 and PN-I tryptic digestions, respectively, recognized both wild-type and recombinant PN-I. Molecular properties of the two proteins were essentially the same. We conclude that p36 and PN-I are identical proteins.
The Effect of Various Methods of Eye Immobilization on Corneal Topography (1996)

Single- and multi-point fixation instruments, due to an asymmetric application of fixation force, significantly distort the cornea. Ring fixation instruments, which apply a more equally distributed force, cause less distortion.
Tunable WDM add/drop components in silicon-oxynitride waveguide technology (2003)

We report the realization of tunable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) add/drop components in high-index-contrast silicon-oxynitride (SiON) technology. The add/drop components are of the resonant coupler type, which is a structure with a large amount of bends. Our SiON technology allows bending radii of 1.5 mm, which is a factor 10 smaller than for standard fiber-matched technology. Hence our high-index-contrast technology permits the realization of these devices with a large number of stages and accordingly the implementation of complex functions. Two tunable add/drop devices are demonstrated. First we discuss a 1-from-4 add-after-drop device in which the add and drop functions were optimized individually. The add-after-drop concept eliminates the home-wavelength crosstalk issue. As a second example, a 1-from-8 add/drop component is presented. Both devices are thermo-optically tunable, polarization-insensitive, and show good isolation values. The on-chip loss of the devices is about 3 dB. The 1-from-4 component was packaged using lensed fibers, which resulted in insertion losses of between 5 and 7 dB.
Role of Endogenously Derived Leukotrienes in the Regulation of Lysosomal Enzyme Expression in Macrophages Exposed to β 1,3-Glucan (1991)

The expression of the lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase has been shown to be stimulated by the exposure of mouse macrophages to beta 1,3-glucan, a particulate component of yeast cell walls and zymosan particles. Exposure of mouse peritoneal macrophages to particulate beta 1,3-glucan (100 micrograms/ml) was also found to stimulate the production of eicosanoids from both the cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin E2) and 5'-lipoxygenase (leukotriene C4) pathways. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship, if any, between the production of arachidonic acid metabolites and the increased expression of lysosomal enzymes. To determine if products of the cyclooxygenase or 5'-lipoxygenase pathway were involved in the regulation of hexosaminidase expression, macrophages were exposed to beta 1,3-glucan in the presence of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase; 4,7,10,13 ETYA, an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and 5'-lipoxygenase; or AA861, a selective inhibitor of 5'-lipoxygenase. While the increased expression of hexosaminidase was not affected in macrophages stimulated with beta 1,3-glucan in the presence of indomethacin, both 4,7,10,13 ETYA and AA861 completely blocked the response, suggesting a role for products of the 5'-lipoxygenase pathway in the regulation of hexosaminidase expression. To further explore the relationship between arachidonate release and the increase expression of hexosaminidase, macrophages were exposed to phospholipase A2 in an attempt to circumvent the interaction between beta 1,3-glucan and the macrophage membrane. Incubation with phospholipase A2 was found both to induce the accumulation of LTC4 in the culture supernatant and to stimulate the increased expression of hexosaminidase. The mechanism of regulation of hexosaminidase expression by products of the 5'-lipoxygenase pathway was investigated by incubating macrophages with purified luekotrienes in either the presence or absence of beta 1,3-glucan. Incubation of macrophages with purified LTC4 or LTB4 in the absence of beta 1,3-glucan failed to stimulate the expression of hexosaminidase. However, challenging macrophage monolayers with LTC4 or LTB4 in the presence of a suboptimal concentration of beta 1,3-glucan (1 microgram/ml) led to a synergistic increase in the expression of hexosaminidase. Collectively these data suggest that the leukotriene products of the 5'-lipoxygenase pathway, LTC4 and LTB4, regulate the expression of lysosomal enzymes by apparently priming macrophages, thereby increasing their sensitivity to triggering agents such as beta 1,3-glucan. Since macrophages produce LTC4, and the increased expression of hexosaminidase is prevented by inhibitors of the 5'-lipoxygenase pathway, the data further suggest that LTC4 may prime macrophages in an autocrine or paracrine fashion.
Horizontal gene transfer in Histophilus somni and its role in the evolution of pathogenic strain 2336, as determined by comparative genomic analyses (2011)

Since the genome of strain 129Pt was ~256,000 bp smaller than that of strain 2336, these genomes provide yet another paradigm for studying evolutionary gene loss and/or gain in regard to virulence repertoire and pathogenic ability. Analyses of the complete genome sequences revealed that bacteriophage- and transposon-mediated horizontal gene transfer had occurred at several loci in the chromosomes of strains 2336 and 129Pt. It appears that these mobile genetic elements have played a major role in creating genomic diversity and phenotypic variability among the two H. somni strains.
Compact Solid State Direct Drive RF LINAC (2010)

The concept of a compact particle accelerator capable of delivering accelerating fields upto 100MV/m using a direct drive RF LINAC is explored. Such a machine consists of a succession of RF cavities with the RF power being supplied from a ring of solid state RF transistors placed around the cavity circumference. To achieve the required accelerating fields 3 core technologies are presented. (i) The solid-state transistors are used to drive the wall currents in the cavities so achieving a direct drive of the cavity. This allows unprecedented powers to be reached (>GW class) as well as enabling independent phase control of the individual cavities. Central to the implementation is the design of the RF drive consisting of distributed SiC vJFET modules delivering 750kA at 800V per cavity. (ii) A High Gradient Insulator structure is required to hold an electric field of >100MV/m. In contrast to a conventional HGI, the concept utilizes a vacuum insulated grading layer structure. (iii) A chopper and injection system allow the formation of proton bunches with a spatial emissivity 3ns and an injection field of up to 100MV/m.
Multifunctional Mesostructured Silica Microspheres from an Ultrasonic Aerosol Spray (2008)

Abstract Multifunctional mesostructured silica microspheres are prepared using ultrasonic aerosol spray in conjunction with solvent evaporation‐induced assembly. Rare earth ion–phenanthroline complexes, magnetite particles, photoacid generators, and pH‐sensitive dyes are chosen as luminescent, magnetic, and photosensitive components. The incorporation of these functional components into mesostructured silica microspheres can be readily realized by dispersing them in the precursor solution of the aerosol spray process. Luminescent microspheres that can emit at multiple wavelengths when excited at a single wavelength are produced by the addition of multiple rare earth complexes into the precursor solution. The addition of magnetite particles leads to the production of magnetic luminescent microspheres. Photoacid generators and pH‐sensitive dyes are further employed to produce magnetic photosensitive microspheres that can release acid and change color upon UV light illumination. Such multifunctional microspheres could have exciting potential for many optical and biotechnological applications, such as multiplexed labeling, diagnosis, simultaneous imaging and therapy, cell capture and separation, targeted delivery, and optical data storage.
Stress and Brain Atrophy (2006)

Studies in animals showed that stress is associated with changes in hippocampal function and structure, an effect mediated through decreased neurogenesis, increased glucocorticoids, and/or decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor. Antidepressants and some anticonvulsants block the effects of stress and/or promote neurogenesis in animal studies. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been shown to have smaller hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance imaging and deficits in hippocampal-based memory. Symptom activation is associated with decreased anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal function, which is proposed as the neural correlate of a failure of extinction seen in these patients. Treatment with antidepressants and phenytoin reverse hippocampal volume reduction and memory deficits in PTSD patients, suggesting that these agents may promote neurogenesis in humans.
Fluid flow in regions bounded by porous surfaces (1956)

Abstract The aerodynamic effects of sucking away boundary layers or blowing air into them through a porous surface have been studied on the assumption that the rate of discharge through the pores is under the control of the experimenter. When all the fluid reaches the field of flow through the pores the pressure at any point in the field depends on the distribution over the porous surface of the flow through it, and the through-flow at any point of it depends on the pressure there. To describe flow of this kind mathematically is difficult and no case seems to have been discussed before. In § 1 a particular case, that of flow through a wedge, cylinder or cone made of a material the resistance of which is proportional to the square of the velocity through it, is treated by means of an integral equation. This equation is solved and the results reduced to a form which lends itself to experimental verification. In § 2 experiments are described in which the physical conditions assumed in the analysis were very nearly attained and the theoretical conclusions then verified. The most striking result was the agreement, to within 1%, between the calculated and the measured discharge of water from a tank through an internal porous tube whose base was an orifice in the bottom. The measured distribution of velocity in the plane of the orifice also agreed with the calculations. Experiments with porous cones also yielded results agreeing with theory when the correct experimental conditions could be satisfied.
Film and high resolution electronic systems (1991)

Outlines the reasons why film's role will intensify, and Kodak's work to add another dimension to the situation. That is the development of advanced systems based on scanners, laser writers, optics and digital processing. Systems that exploit the best combinations of film and video technology. The new generation of EXR motion picture films and a CCD HDTV telecine were developed to support film origination in the era of HDTV. The telecine was designed to translate film's superior image quality to any of the proposed HDTV standards. Another development is the high resolution digital image manipulation system for motion picture film, called the High Resolution Electronic Intermediate System. >
Effects of Cooking Temperatures on the Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Chicken Stock (2011)

This work documents the effects of preparation method on the physical and chemical properties, and consumer acceptance of chicken stock. This information can be used by product developers, culinary scientists, and professional chefs to optimize stock-based products. Culinary educators can use this information to provide students with objective evidence-based rationale for the techniques underlying a celebrated culinary tradition. This is also an example of how research can facilitate collaboration between culinary and food science professionals.