gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of optimal estimation theory, in particular the Kalman filter, in data analysis and signal processing (1986)

The Kalman filter, a powerful and useful optimal estimation technique, does not seem to be widely known among physicists. Here we outline the derivation of the algorithm, and give three examples of its use: (a) in estimating the value of a constant, with both system and measurement noise, (b) in numerical differentiation of noisy data, and (c) in optimally estimating the amplitude of a signal with arbitrary but known time dependence superimposed on a noisy background.
Characterization of Abnormal Thymidine Kinases Induced by Drug-resistant Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (1983)

Two TK+ acyclovir-resistant variants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) (S1 and Tr7) and one TK+ BVdU-resistant variant (B3) induce abnormal thymidine kinases with impaired ability to phosphorylate the drugs used in their isolation. These enzymes have been purified and their properties compared with those of the wild-type (wt) parent, SC16. The enzyme induced by S1 differed markedly from the other three in both its responses to salt and to pH. B3 TK recognized the enzyme's natural substrates, thymidine, deoxycytidine, dTMP and ATP as well as the wt enzyme. In contrast, Tr7 and S1 TKs failed to bind deoxycytidine and bind thymidine less well than wt. Tr7 and S1 TKs had affinities for dTMP similar to those of B3 and the wt enzymes. ATP binding to wt, Tr7 and B3 enzymes was similar but this substrate bound only weakly to S1 TK. Each mutant displayed a characteristically distinct pattern of affinities for a range of nucleoside analogue substrates, suggesting that they will show some cross-resistance to drugs which have a similar mechanism of action to acyclovir and BVdU.
Log-Space Polynomial End-to-End Communication (1998)

Communication between processors is the essence of distributed computing: clearly, without communication, distributed computation is impossible. However, as networks become larger and larger, the frequency of link failures increases. The end-to-end communication problem asks how to efficiently carry out fault-free communication between two processors over a network, in spite of such frequent link failures. The sole minimum assumption is that the two processors that are trying to communicate are not permanently disconnected (i.e., the communication should proceed even when there does not (ever) simultaneously exist an operational path between the two processors that are trying to communicate). We present a protocol to solve the end-to-end problem with logarithmic-space and polynomial communication at the same time. This is an exponential memory improvement to all previous polynomial communication solutions. That is, all previous polynomial communication solutions needed at least linear (in n, the size of the network) amount of memory per link. Our protocol transfers packets over the network, maintains a simple-to-compute O(log n)-bits potential function at each link in order to perform routing, and uses a novel technique of packet canceling which allows us to keep only one packet per link. The computations of both our potential function and our packet-canceling policy are totally local in nature.
Barycenters in the Wasserstein Space (2011)

In this paper, we introduce a notion of barycenter in the Wasserstein space which generalizes McCann's interpolation to the case of more than two measures. We provide existence, uniqueness, characterizations, and regularity of the barycenter and relate it to the multimarginal optimal transport problem considered by Gangbo and Święch in [Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 51 (1998), pp. 23–45]. We also consider some examples and, in particular, rigorously solve the Gaussian case. We finally discuss convexity of functionals in the Wasserstein space.
Short Notices (1914)

Short Notices Get access D. N. S. D. N. S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XXIX, Issue CXIII, January 1914, Pages 190-b–191, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XXIX.CXIII.190-b Published: 01 January 1914
Generation of a rectangular beam distribution for irradiation of the accelerator production of tritium target (1990)

A scheme has been developed to produce a well-confined rectangular beam-intensity distribution of greatly enhanced uniformity from initially-peaked intensity distributions such as Gaussian or parabolic distributions without beam scraping. This scheme employs a system of linear and nonlinear transport-line elements. The linear elements prepare the beam for the nonlinear focusing and govern the beam size at the target. Uniformity is achieved with octupoles, and beam confinement is assured with duodecapoles. The scheme was applied to the target focus for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) system. An initially Gaussian-distributed beam of 1.6-GeV protons was shaped into a rectangular 4 m by 2 m beam spot of acceptably uniform intensity at the tritium-production target. The scheme eliminates the need for sweeping the beam in a raster pattern to produce uniform target illumination. Details of the scheme are discussed.
Purification and Characterization of Prophenoloxidase from the Hemolymph of Coleopteran Insect, Holotrichia diomphalia Larvae (1997)

Prophenoloxidase (pro-PO), a precursor of phenol oxidase (PO), was purified from the hemolymph of coleopteran Holotrichia diomphalia larvae. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity, in six steps of chromatography, using Sephadex G-100, CM-52, Dextran-sulfate Sepharose CL-6B, Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B, Sephacryl S-200, and a Mono-Q column. The preparation exhibited a single band on SDS-PAGE. The proenzyme had a molecular weight of 158 kDa, as estimated by gel filtration. On SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, it gave a 79 kDa band, indicating that it forms a dimer of the 79 kDa protein. On the other hand, the purified pro-PO gave two well-separated peaks, named pro-PO-1 and pro-PO-2, on reverse-phase HPLC. Amino acid compositions of both proteins were indistinguishable, thereby suggesting the presence of an allelic variant or an isoprotein. On dextran-sulfate Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, a fraction containing prophenoloxidase activating enzyme(s) (PPAE fraction), free from pro-PO, was also separated. In reconstitution experiments, the activation of purified pro-PO by PPAE fraction, was observed in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+, with a specific limited proteolysis. The NH2-terminal sequence of generated PO was determined to be NH2-Phe-Gly-Glu-Asp-Asp-. The activated PO oxidized o-diphenols but did not oxidize mono-phenol and p-diphenol substrates. The purified pro-PO was not activated by trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and SDS.
Distinct platelet-activating factor binding sites in synaptic endings and in intracellular membranes of rat cerebral cortex. (1990)

The binding of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (AGEPC or PAF, platelet-activating factor) to synaptic plasma membranes, microsomal membranes, and other rat cerebral cortex subcellular fractions was studied. Using several PAF-binding antagonists, three distinct sites were identified. Two of them were in intracellular membranes (microsomes) and one in synaptic plasma membranes. Microsomal membranes were prepared after obtaining a 43,500 x g pellet from the postmitochondrial supernatant and subsequent centrifugation at 105,000 x g of the resulting supernatant. Most plasma membrane markers were retained in the 43,500 x g pellet (Sun, G.Y., Huang, H.-M., Kelleher, J.A., Stubbs, E.B., Sun, A. Y. (1988) Neurochem. Int. 12, 69-77). Microsomes were purified by density-gradient centrifugation and marker enzymes showed relatively very low contamination by plasma membrane markers. Myelin and mitochondria were devoid of specific PAF binding. A site displaying the highest PAF-binding affinity reported to date in all cells and membranes (KD = 22.5 +/- 1.7 pM and Bmax 8.75 = fmol/mg protein), was found in the microsomal fraction. There was a second binding site in microsomal fractions (KD = 25.0 +/- 0.8 nM and Bmax = 0.96 pmol/mg protein. Ca2+ decreases PAF affinity for the microsomal binding sites. The third binding site displays relatively low specific PAF binding and is present in synaptosomal plasma membranes. Moreover, displacement curves by a wide variety of PAF antagonists indicated different affinities for each of the binding sites described here. These results indicate that PAF-binding sites are heterogeneous in rat cerebral cortex, and they imply that the microsomal membrane sites may be involved, at least in part, in intracellular events such as gene expression.
Microfabrication of new microelectrode arrays equipped with a ground surface configuration for focal neural microstimulation (2009)

International audience
Enantioface-differentiating epoxidation of alkylidenemalononitriles with molecular oxygen, catalyzed by chiral tertiary amines. (1981)

The present paper describes the enantioface-differentiaing epoxidation of alkylidenemalononitriles with molecular oxygen, catalyzed by chiral tertiary amines. In the light of the by-product formation, the reaction path was concluded to involve intermolecular nucleophilic attack of a hydroperoxide intermediate catalyzed by a chiral tertiary amine. A similar epoxidation was demonstrated with cumylhydroperoxide in the presence of nicotine.
On the Design of a MIMO-SIC Receiver for LTE Downlink (2008)

In this paper, we investigate different multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver structures based on MMSE filtering and sequential interference cancellation (SIC) for the downlink of the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) system. We divide them into two approaches: symbol-SIC receivers, in which the detection and interference cancellation is done independently for each subcarrier, and codeword-SIC structures, in which the processing is carried out for each independently-coded stream by including the turbo-decoder inside the feedback loop. The results show that symbol-SIC receivers need to take into account the propagation of errors in the interference cancellation to provide the turbo decoder with reliable soft bit values. However, these are clearly outperformed by codeword-SIC schemes, due to the error correction capabilities of the turbo-decoder inside the feedback loop. We show that the best tradeoff between computational complexity and receiver performance is achieved by only cancelling the interference of a codeword when this has been successfully decoded.
Optimizing memory use in Java applications, garbage collectors (2016)

Java applications are diverse, depending by use case, exist application that use small amount of memory till application that use huge amount, tens or hundreds of gigabits. Java Virtual Machine is designed to automatically manage memory for applications. Even in this case due diversity of hardware, software that coexist on the same system and applications itself, these automatic decision need to be accompanied by developer or system administrator to triage optimal memory use. After developer big role to write optimum code from memory allocation perspective , optimizing memory use at Java Virtual Machine and application level become in last year's one of the most important task. This is explained in special due increased demand in applications scalability.
A real-time wide field of view passive millimeter-wave imaging camera (2004)

With the current upsurge in domestic terrorism, suicide bombings and the like, there is an increased interest in high technology sensors that can provide true stand-off detection of concealed articles such as guns and, in particular, explosives in both controlled and uncontrolled areas. The camera discussed in this paper is based upon passive millimeter-wave imaging (75.5-93.5 GHz) and is intrinsically safe as it uses only the natural thermal (blackbody) emissions from living beings and inanimate objects to form images with. The camera consists of four subsystems which are interfaced to complete the final camera. The subsystems are Trex's patented flat panel frequency scanned phased array antenna, a front end receiver, and phase and frequency processors to convert the antenna output (in phase and frequency space) into image space and in doing so form a readily recognizable image. The phase and frequency processors are based upon variants of a Rotman lens.
<title>Extraordinary growth phases of nanobacteria isolated from mammalian blood</title> (1997)

Nanobacteria, novel sterile-filterable coccoid bacteria inhabiting mammalian blood and blood products, have different growth phases depending on the culture conditions. These minute organisms produce biogenic apatite as a part of their envelope. This becomes thicker as the cultures age, rendering them visible in microscopy and resistant to harsh conditions. Mineral deposits were not formed without live nanobacteria. Apatite formation was faster and more voluminous in serum-free (SF) medium, and within a week, several micrometer thick `castles' formed around each nanobacteria. These formations were firmly attached to the culture plates. Nanobacteria multiplied inside these thick layers by turning into D-shaped forms 2 - 3 micrometers in size. After a longer culture period, tens of them could be observed inside a common stony shelter. The apatite shelters had a hollow interior compartment occupied by the organisms as evidenced by SEM and TEM. Supplementing the culture medium with a milk growth-factor product, caused the castles to grow bigger by budding. These formations finally lost their mineral layer, and released typical small coccoid nanobacteria. When SF cultures were supplemented with sterile serum, mobile D-shaped nanobacteria together with small `elementary particles' 50 - 100 nm in size were found. Negative results in standard sterility testing, positivity in immunofluorescence staining and ELISA tests with nanobacteria-specific monoclonal antibodies, and 98% identity of 16S rRNA gene sequences proved that all of these unique creates are nanobacterial growth phases.
Advanced Czochralski silicon-growth technology for photovoltaic modules (1982)

Large-area silicon sheet growth is one of the important elements of photovoltaic modules. In order to reduce the cost of these modules, a number of silicon sheet growth approaches encompassing both the ingot and the ribbon technology have been developed. Advancement of the Czochralski (Cz) growth method has been one of these approaches because of its existing broad technical base. Several economic analyses had indicated that large-diameter, multiple ingot growth using a single crucible with melt replenishment would be required for Cz growth to be economically viable. Based on the results of these analyses, two liquid and two solid feed melt replenishment approaches were initiated. The sequential solid feed melt replenishment approach, which demonstrated elements of technical feasibility, is described in detail in this paper. Growth results of multiple ingots (10-cm-diameter, totaling 100 kg; and 15-cm-diameter, totaling 150 kg weight per crucible) are presented. Solar cells were fabricated and analyzed to evaluate the effects of structure and chemical purities as a result of multiple growth. The results indicate that, with semiconductor-grade silicon, feedstock impurity build-up does not seem to degrade cell performance. For polycrystalline cells, the average efficiencies are 15 to 25% lower than those of single crystalline cells. Concerns regarding single crystal yields, crucible quality and growth speed are indicated, and present status and future research thrusts are also discussed.
Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein from olive leaves: Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities (2011)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and the anti-inflammatory activities of two polyphenols rich olive leaves extracts. At the tested doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), Oleuropein - Rich Olive Extract (ORE) and Hydroxytyrosol - Rich Olive Extract (HRE) inhibited, significantly, writhing and reduced carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in a dose dependent manner. HRE was more effective than ORE to relieve inflammation and nociception. In addition, the acute toxicity test showed that ORE and HRE did not present acute toxicity up to a maximum dose of 1000 mg/kg.
Total Enantioselective Synthesis and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of a Novel Fluorescent BODIPY <i>α</i>‐Galactosylceramide (2003)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct subset of mature lymphocytes endowed with features of activated and regulatory T cells. alpha-Galactosylceramides (alpha-GalCers), the synthetic prototype of which is KRN7000, are the only natural reagents recognised by the T-cell receptor of NKT cells. The alpha-GalCer-activated NKT cells promptly release IFN gamma and IL-4 (IFN=interferon; IL=interleukin) and undergo apoptotic death within hours. In mice, activated NKT cells are responsible for antitumour activity and protection against autoimmune diseases. KRN7000 can thus be considered as the root of a family of novel immunoregulatory drugs. To get insights into the in vivo behaviour of alpha-galactosylceramides, an original fluorescent derivative has been prepared by following a convergent synthetic scheme. This strategy allows the introduction of different acyl chains, carbohydrate residues and various labels in the final steps of the synthesis. The fluorescent BODIPY probe derived from a versatile glycolipid precursor is as active as KRN7000 for inducing apoptosis of liver NKT cells. Fluorescence was detected in peritoneal macrophages and splenic antigen-presenting cells, in Kupffer-like cells in the liver, but not in lymphocytes.
15-kV/40-A FREEDM Supercascode: A Cost-Effective SiC High-Voltage and High-Frequency Power Switch (2017)

High-voltage wide bandgap semiconductor devices such as the 15 kV SiC mosfet have attracted great attention because of their potential applications in high-voltage and high-frequency power converters. However, these devices are not commercially available at the moment, and their high cost due to expensive material growth and fabrication may limit their widespread adoption in the future. In this paper, a 15-kV 40-A SiC three-terminal power switch, the Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) supercascode, is reported for the first time, which is based on a series connection of 1.2-kV SiC power devices. Compared with the monolithic 15-kV SiC mosfet, the FREEDM supercascode demonstrates obvious advantages in cost and thermal conductivity. The design and voltage-balancing mechanism of the FREEDM supercascode are introduced, and the performance including the voltage balancing, conduction characteristics over a wide range of temperatures, and dynamic switching performance, is analyzed. The FREEDM supercascode's low cost and excellent thermal dissipation capability will facilitate early applications of SiC in very high voltage and high frequency power converters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbonyl and Dicarbonyl Compounds from Organometallic Reagents and N‐Imidazolium‐N‐methyl Amides and Bis‐amides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust super-resolution by fusion of interpolated frames for color and grayscale images (2015)

Multi-frame super-resolution (SR) processing seeks to overcome undersampling issues that can lead to undesirable aliasing artifacts. The key to effective multi-frame SR is accurate subpixel inter-frame registration. This accurate registration is challenging when the motion does not obey a simple global translational model and may include local motion. SR processing is further complicated when the camera uses a division-of-focal-plane (DoFP) sensor, such as the Bayer color filter array. Various aspects of these SR challenges have been previously investigated. Fast SR algorithms tend to have difficulty accommodating complex motion and DoFP sensors. Furthermore, methods that can tolerate these complexities tend to be iterative in nature and may not be amenable to real-time processing. In this paper, we present a new fast approach for performing SR in the presence of these challenging imaging conditions. We refer to the new approach as Fusion of Interpolated Frames (FIF) SR. The FIF SR method decouples the demosaicing, interpolation, and restoration steps to simplify the algorithm. Frames are first individually demosaiced and interpolated to the desired resolution. Next, FIF uses a novel weighted sum of the interpolated frames to fuse them into an improved resolution estimate. Finally, restoration is applied to deconvolve the modeled system PSF. The proposed FIF approach has a lower computational complexity than most iterative methods, making it a candidate for real-time implementation. We provide a detailed description of the FIF SR method and show experimental results using synthetic and real datasets in both constrained and complex imaging scenarios. The experiments include airborne grayscale imagery and Bayer color array images with affine background motion plus local motion.
FULL-SCALE ACCELERATED PAVEMENT TESTING FOR THE TEXAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (1991)

In 1988 the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation initiated a study to develop a strategy to acquire a mobile accelerated pavement testing device. Many methods were evaluated, and the mobile load simulator (MLS) was selected for future application on pavements in Texas. The MLS, for which a provisional patent exists, incorporates a method of accelerated load application different from existing mobile accelerated pavement testers. A higher degree of traffic simulation and much higher production rates are attainable with the proposed MLS. The role of accelerated pavement testing in Texas and the degree of real traffic simulation of the proposed MLS are evaluated. A methodology for including environmental effects in accelerated pavement testing is presented.
A 5-V 290- $\mu\hbox{W}$ Low-Noise Chopper-Stabilized Capacitive-Sensor Readout Circuit in 0.8- $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS Using a Correlated-Level-Shifting Technique (2014)

In this brief, a low-power high-resolution readout front end intended for capacitive sensors is presented, in which the circuit uses correlated-level-shifting (CLS) and chopperstabilization (CS) techniques. CLS is a relatively new switchedcapacitor (SC) technique that is used to reduce errors from finite operational amplifier (op-amp) gain, whereas CS is a classic technique that is used to reduce the adverse effects of dc offset and low-frequency noise associated with the op-amp. In this brief, the capacitive sensor is physically emulated by a pair of on-chip differential variable capacitors that are in the femtofarad range. The proposed front end is designed in a 0.8-μm CMOS technology and consumes 290 μW from a single 5-V supply. The readout circuit achieves a capacitance noise floor of 0.018 aF/√Hz at 400 Hz with a sensitivity of 50 mV/fF.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density in Glaucoma (1997)

This study suggests that patients with glaucoma may have lower corneal endothelial cell density than those without glaucoma of the same age group. The proposed mechanisms are direct damage from IOP, congenital alteration of the corneal endothelium in patients with glaucoma, glaucoma medication toxicity, or a combination of these.
Transmission Method for Continuous Determination of Dielectric Absorption in Liquids Between 0·01 and 18 GHz (1982)

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