gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deriving and Manipulating Module Interfaces (1992)

A formal method for systematically integrating general-purpose software modules into efficient systems is presented. The integration is accomplished through adjustment of abstract interfaces and transformation of the underlying data representations. The method provides the software designer with the ability to delay or revise design decisions in cases where it is difficult to reach an a priori agreement on interfaces and/or data representations. To demonstrate the method, the development of a text buffer for a simple interactive text editor is given. For each basic operation on the text buffer, a natural and efficient choice of data representation is made. This organizes the operations into several components, with each component containing those operations using the same data representation. The components are then combined using formal program-manipulation methods to obtain an efficient composite representation that supports all of the operations. This approach provides meaningful support for later adaptation. Should a new editing operation be added at a later time, the initial components can be reused in another combining process, thereby obtaining a new composite representation that works for all of the operations including the new one. There are also ramifications for the application of formal methods to larger-scale systems, as this method can be applied to the manipulation of the interfaces between modules in larger software systems.
Detection of miRNA in Live Cells by Using Templated Ru<sup>II</sup>‐Catalyzed Unmasking of a Fluorophore (2013)

Reactions templated by cellular nucleic acids are attractive for nucleic acid sensing or responsive systems. Herein we report the use of a photocatalyzed reductive cleavage of an immolative linker to unmask a rhodamine fluorophore, and its application to miRNA imaging. The reaction was found to proceed with a very high turnover (>4000) and provided reliable detection down to 5 pM of template by using γ-serine-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes. The reaction was used for the selective detection of miR-21 in BT474 cells and miR-31 in HeLa cells following irradiation for 30 min. The probes were introduced by using reversible permeation with streptolysin-O (SLO) or a transfection technique.
Validation of kinetics similarity in qPCR (2011)

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the method of choice for specific and sensitive quantification of nucleic acids. However, data validation is still a major issue, partially due to the complex effect of PCR inhibition on the results. If undetected PCR inhibition may severely impair the accuracy and sensitivity of results. PCR inhibition is addressed by prevention, detection and correction of PCR results. Recently, a new family of computational methods for the detection of PCR inhibition called kinetics outlier detection (KOD) emerged. KOD methods are based on comparison of one or a few kinetic parameters describing a test reaction to those describing a set of reference reactions. Modern KOD can detect PCR inhibition reflected by shift of the amplification curve by merely half a cycle with specificity and sensitivity >90%. Based solely on data analysis, these tools complement measures to improve and control pre-analytics. KOD methods do not require labor and materials, do not affect the reaction accuracy and sensitivity and they can be automated for fast and reliable quantification. This review describes the background of KOD methods, their principles, assumptions, strengths and limitations. Finally, the review provides recommendations how to use KOD and how to evaluate its performance.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPC. R. Webb, C. G. Dallas, and W. H. CampbellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1962, 54, 1, 28–30Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50625a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50625a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Signal representation guided synthesis using carry-save adders for synchronous data-path circuits (2001)

Arithmetic transformations using carry-save adders have been exploited recently in design automation but existing transformation approaches only optimize combinatorial functions. Most applications need synchronous circuits and it is known that techniques that move the positions of the registers, such as retiming, can significantly reduce the cycle time of a synchronous circuit. However, retiming disregards arithmetic transformations and its power is limited by the circuit topology. This work is the first to exploit carry-save arithmetic transformations together with the moving of the register positions. To enable such transformations, we first propose the use of a new multiple-vector signal representation. Next, we use multiple-vector signal representation as a common guide for all of our simultaneous carry-save arithmetic transformations with the moving of the register positions. Specifically, we propose, operation forward and operation backward carry-save transformations, which are transformations across register boundaries. We also propose operation duplicate and operation merge transformations to exploit the resource sharing and timing trade-offs in the implementation of a multiple-fanout network. Finally, we propose an efficient and effective heuristic that selectively applies a sequence of transformations to optimize the timing and the area of a synchronous circuit. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques significantly out-perform previous approaches.
A FIR-Embedded Phase Interpolator Based Noise Filtering for Wide-Bandwidth Fractional-N PLL (2013)

This paper presents a 1-GHz ΔΣ fractional-N PLL with a noise-filtering scheme using a FIR-embedded phase interpolator. The proposed dual-referenced interpolation scheme compensates for systematic nonlinearity in circuit operation and increases immunity to mismatches in input seed phases. By multiple use of a dual-referenced interpolator, the phase interpolator realizes an embedded FIR filtering for the quantization noise from the ΔΣ modulator. The implemented PLL in 0.13- μm CMOS consumes 16.8 mW and shows a reduction of the phase noise by 34 dB. With 3.2-MHz-wide bandwidth, the proposed filtering technique achieves an in-band noise of -106 dBc at 100 kHz and an out-of-band noise of -107.5 dBc at 6 MHz.
Cell-specific expression of epithelial sodium channel alpha, beta, and gamma subunits in aldosterone-responsive epithelia from the rat: localization by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. (1994)

A highly selective, amiloride-sensitive, epithelial sodium channel from rat colon (rENaC), composed of three homologous subunits termed alpha, beta, and gamma rENaC, has been cloned by functional expression and was proposed to mediate electrogenic sodium reabsorption in aldosterone-responsive epithelia. To determine whether rENaC could account for sodium absorption in vivo, we studied the cellular localization of the sodium channel messenger RNA subunits by in situ hybridization and their cellular and subcellular distribution by immunocytochemistry in the kidney, colon, salivary, and sweat glands of the rat. In the kidney, we show that the three subunit mRNAs are specifically co-expressed in the renal distal convoluted tubules (DCT), connecting tubules (CNT), cortical collecting ducts (CCD), and outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD), but not in the inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD). We demonstrate co-localization of alpha, beta, and gamma subunit proteins in the apical membrane of a majority of cells of CCD and OMCD. Our data indicate that alpha, beta, and gamma subunit mRNAs and proteins are co-expressed in the distal nephron (excepting IMCD), a localization that correlates with the previously described physiological expression of amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium transport. Our data, however, suggest that another sodium transport protein mediates electrogenic amiloride-sensitive sodium reabsorption in IMCD. We also localized rENaC to the surface epithelial cells of the distal colon and to the secretory ducts of the salivary gland and sweat gland, providing further evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the highly selective, amiloride-sensitive sodium channel is physiologically expressed in aldosterone-responsive cells.
Handwriting and signature: one or two personality identifiers? (2002)

Handwriting and signature are often studied without any connection, In this paper, we present a method applied both to handwriting and signature classification that is based on their fractal behavior. First is presented the method we have developed for the computation of the fractal dimension and the secondary dimension of writing. We describe how these parameters allow us to define a pertinent representation space. We also show how this approach has permitted to extract classes related to writing and signature styles. Lastly, this method has allowed us to give evidence of the independence between the behaviors of the writer when he signs and when he writes. Such an independence will be a source of very enriching information within the context of signature authentication.
Development and characterization of 300mm large panel eWLB (embedded wafer level BGA) (2011)

This paper will highlight some of the recent advancements in 300mm eWLB large panel development. Compared to 200mm case, 300mm large panel has more warpage and process issues due to its area increase. Thermo-mechanical simulation shows 100∼150% more warpage with 300mm large panel compared to 200mm. So various design parameters were studied to optimized warpage, such as dielectric materials and thickness, molding compound thickness etc. This paper also presents study of process optimization for 300mm eWLB and on overall warpage behavior in different process steps. Finally 300mm eWLB test vehicles are fabricated and tested in JEDEC standard test conditions. It also describes mechanical characterization, reliability data including component/board level, challenges encountered and overcome, and future steps.
A widely tunable filter configuration composed of high Q RF resonators and variable capacitors (2013)

This paper proposes a filter configuration with wide tunability, which is composed of high Q RF resonators and variable capacitors (VCs). High Q resonators can be realized by surface and bulk acoustic wave (SAW/BAW) technologies. At first, the fundamental operation of the filter is presented, and it is shown how the center frequency and the passband width are adjustable with the VC setting. It is also shown that narrow transition bands are realizable when multiple stages are cascaded with mirror inversion. Then, influence of Q factors is discussed. Finally, two types of tunable filters are designed, and applicability of this filter topology is demonstrated. Furthermore, the filter configuration is realized using SAW resonators and fixed capacitors, and its operation is simulated.
Linear Regression for Face Recognition (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel approach of face identification by formulating the pattern recognition problem in terms of linear regression. Using a fundamental concept that patterns from a single-object class lie on a linear subspace, we develop a linear model representing a probe image as a linear combination of class-specific galleries. The inverse problem is solved using the least-squares method and the decision is ruled in favor of the class with the minimum reconstruction error. The proposed Linear Regression Classification (LRC) algorithm falls in the category of nearest subspace classification. The algorithm is extensively evaluated on several standard databases under a number of exemplary evaluation protocols reported in the face recognition literature. A comparative study with state-of-the-art algorithms clearly reflects the efficacy of the proposed approach. For the problem of contiguous occlusion, we propose a Modular LRC approach, introducing a novel Distance-based Evidence Fusion (DEF) algorithm. The proposed methodology achieves the best results ever reported for the challenging problem of scarf occlusion.
Subcellular Localization and Targeting of N-Acetylglucosaminyl Phosphatidylinositol De-N-acetylase, the Second Enzyme in the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthetic Pathway (2004)

The second step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis is the de-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol (GlcNAc-PI) catalyzed by N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase (PIG-L). Previous studies of mouse thymoma cells showed that GlcNAc-PI de-N-acetylase activity is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but enriched in a mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) domain. Because PIG-L has no readily identifiable ER sorting determinants, we were interested in learning how PIG-L is localized to the ER and possibly enriched in MAM. We used HeLa cells transiently or stably expressing epitope-tagged PIG-L variants or chimeric constructs composed of elements of PIG-L fused to Tac antigen, a cell surface protein. We first analyzed the subcellular distribution of PIG-L and Glc-NAc-PI-de-N-acetylase activity and then studied the localization of Tac-PIG-L chimeras to identify sequence elements in PIG-L responsible for its subcellular localization. We show that human PIG-L is a type I membrane protein with a large cytoplasmic domain and that, unlike the result with mouse thymoma cells, both PIG-L and GlcNAc-PI-de-N-acetylase activity are uniformly distributed between ER and MAM in HeLa cells. Analyses of a series of Tac-PIG-L chimeras indicated that PIG-L contains two ER localization signals, an independent retention signal located between residues 60 and 88 of its cytoplasmic domain and another weak signal in the luminal and transmembrane domains that functions autonomously in the presence of membrane proximal residues of the cytoplasmic domain that themselves lack any retention information. We conclude that PIG-L, like a number of other ER membrane proteins, is retained in the ER through a multi-component localization signal rather than a discrete sorting motif.
Synthesis of 6-Hydroxysphingosine and α-Hydroxy Ceramide Using a Cross-Metathesis Strategy (2015)

In this paper, a new synthetic route toward 6-hydroxysphingosine and α-hydroxy ceramide is described. The synthesis employs a cross-metathesis to unite a sphingosine head allylic alcohol with a long-chain fatty acid alkene that also bears an allylic alcohol group. To allow for a productive CM coupling, the sphingosine head allylic alcohol was protected with a cyclic carbonate moiety and a reactive CM catalyst system, consisting of Grubbs II catalyst and CuI, was employed.
Linear Predictive perceptual filtering for Acoustic Vector Sensors: Exploiting directional recordings for high quality speech enhancement (2011)

This paper investigates the performance of a new technique for speech enhancement which combines Linear Predictive (LP) spectrum-based perceptual filtering to the recordings obtained from an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS). The technique takes advantage of the directional polar responses of the AVS to obtain a significantly more accurate representation of the LP spectrum of a target speech signal in the presence of noise when compared to single channel, omni-directional recordings. Comparisons between the speech quality obtained from the proposed technique and existing beamforming-based speech enhancement techniques for the AVS are made through Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) tests and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) listening tests. Results show significant improvements in PESQ and MOS scores of 0.2 and 1.6, respectively, for the proposed enhancement technique. Being based on a miniature microphone array, the approach is particular suitable for hands free communication applications in mobile telephony.
Phospholipid-esterified Eicosanoids Are Generated in Agonist-activated Human Platelets and Enhance Tissue Factor-dependent Thrombin Generation (2010)

Here, a group of specific lipids, comprising phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)- or phosphatidylcholine (PC)-esterified 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE), generated by 12-lipoxygenase was identified and characterized. 12S-HETE-PE/PCs were formed within 5 min of activation by thrombin, ionophore, or collagen. Esterified HETE levels generated in response to thrombin were 5.85 +/- 1.42 (PE) or 18.35 +/- 4.61 (PC), whereas free was 65.5 +/- 17.6 ng/4 x 10(7) cells (n = 5 separate donors, mean +/- S.E.). Their generation was stimulated by triggering protease-activated receptors-1 and -4 and signaling via Ca(2+) mobilization secretory phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase, src tyrosine kinases, and protein kinase C. Stable isotope labeling showed that they form predominantly by esterification that occurs on the same time scale as free acid generation. Unlike free 12S-HETE that is secreted, esterified HETEs remain cell-associated, with HETE-PEs migrating to the outside of the plasma membrane. 12-Lipoxygenase inhibition attenuated externalization of native PE and phosphatidylserine and HETE-PEs. Platelets from a patient with the bleeding disorder, Scott syndrome, did not externalize HETE-PEs, and liposomes supplemented with HETE-PC dose-dependently enhanced tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation in vitro. This suggests a role for these novel lipids in promoting coagulation. Thus, oxidized phospholipids form by receptor/agonist mechanisms, not merely as an undesirable consequence of vascular and inflammatory disease.
A New Approach for Enhancing Differential Selectivity of Drugs to Cancer Cells (2006)

The degree to which anticancer agents selectively target cancer cells is a key determinant in successful therapeutic outcomes. Inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone represent an important new class of anticancer agents. We propose here a novel mechanism by which physiochemical properties of Hsp90 inhibitors can be optimized to increase selectivity towards cancer cells. The basis for this approach relies on differential intracellular pH gradients that have been shown to exist between normal and transformed cells. Five Hsp90 inhibitors containing basic or neutral properties were evaluated in antiproliferation assays using cells with variable lysosomal pH. Inhibitors with basic functionalities had reduced activity in cells with normal (low) lysosomal pH but showed significantly greater activity in cells with abnormally elevated lysosomal pH (similar to what has been recorded in many types of cancer cells). Conversely, such selectivity enhancement was not observed for neutral inhibitors. The mechanistic basis for the observed selectivity was demonstrated quantitatively by determining the concentration of inhibitors within relevant intracellular compartments. Collectively, these findings suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors with optimal basicity and physicochemical properties have enhanced selectivity toward cancer cells than their neutral counterparts. It is anticipated that these findings may be applicable to other classes of anticancer agents for improvement of differential selectivity.
Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 Advanced Administration (2006)

Building on the success of Jim McBee's Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 24seven, this book is fully updated for Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 SP2 and Windows Server 2003 R2 and now joins the new Sybex series In the Field Results. Starting where documentation, training courses, and other books leave off, this new book offers targeted instruction, practical advice, and insider tips from an expert who has extensive experience in the field.

With full coverage of security, connectivity, andti-spam protection, disaster recovery, and troubleshooting, the information and common sense approach used in this book will save you time , improve efficiency, and optimize your day-to-day operations.
Efficacy of preventive human papillomavirus vaccination (2001)

Interplay between host immune system and expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) early (E) and late (L) genes during infection has a central role in the surveillance of virus-induced neoplastic cervical lesions. Recently, new features of this interplay have been discovered. However, not enough is yet known of the relative roles of different E and L proteins, human lymphocyte antigens (HLAs) and specific co-factors in the natural history of these lesions in order to guarantee efficacy of preventive HPV vaccination. The ultimate knowledge can only be provided by phase III/IV vaccination trials which are starting in the near future. The present review attempts to answer one fundamental question: which of the vaccine candidates is likely to be most successful.
Paraxial-domain diffractive elements with 100% efficiency based on polarization gratings (2000)

The concept of polarization freedom is employed to design diffraction gratings that are capable of transforming an electromagnetic plane wave into two or three diffraction orders with an arbitrary efficiency distribution among them, such that the combined efficiency of the signal orders is always equal to 100%. As a special case we consider paraxial-domain duplicators and triplicators with 100% efficiency, which is not possible for illumination by scalar waves: Diffractive elements that are capable of performing the required wave transformation must modulate the state of polarization of the incident field.
Teleoperation performance using excavator with tactile feedback (2009)

Teleoperation systems have been used in various situations such as space tasks, rescue activities, military missions, undersea operations and unmanned constructions. Compared to direct operation, teleoperation performance is limited by a lack of awareness of remote location environments. In this paper, tactile feedback on construction machine teleoperation performance is discussed. We measured the effectiveness in a study of three-dimensional pointing tasks using Fitt's law paradigm with a tactile feedback. The way of the tactile feedback is that operator can notice an approaching excavator's bucket to ground by vibration before touching the bucket to ground. We found that total movement time was reduced by the tactile feedback.
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the amide II′p band position in short breast milk peptides with antioxidant activity (2011)

UV resonance Raman spectroscopic study of six short proline‐containing peptides with antioxidant activity isolated from human breast milk was performed. The amide II′ proline spectroscopic band was used to estimate relative cis trans isomerization state of proline amide bonds in the different peptides. Antioxidant activity of the peptides was determined using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and linoleic acid emulsion assay. Although no clear correlation between the amide II′p position and antioxidant activity of the peptides was observed, they both were found to be sensitive to the presence and/or relative position of proline and tyrosine residues in the peptide. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.