gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The LINPACK Benchmark: past, present and future (2003)

Abstract This paper describes the LINPACK Benchmark and some of its variations commonly used to assess the performance of computer systems. Aside from the LINPACK Benchmark suite, the TOP500 and the HPL codes are presented. The latter is frequently used to obtained results for TOP500 submissions. Information is also given on how to interpret the results of the benchmark and how the results fit into the performance evaluation process. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumour-derived TGF-β1 modulates myofibroblast differentiation and promotes HGF/SF-dependent invasion of squamous carcinoma cells (2004)

The development of an altered stromal microenvironment is a common feature of many tumours including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and there is increasing evidence that these changes in the stroma, which include increased expression of proteases and cytokines, may actually promote tumour progression. A common finding is that stromal fibroblasts become ‘activated’ myofibroblasts, expressing smooth muscle actin and secreting cytokines, proteases and matrix proteins. We show that myofibroblasts are commonly found in the stroma of oral SCC and are often concentrated at the invasive margin of the tumour. Using oral SCC cells and primary oral fibroblasts, we demonstrate that tumour cells directly induce a myofibroblastic phenotype, and that this transdifferentiation is dependent on SCC-derived TGF-β1. In turn, myofibroblasts secrete significantly higher levels of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor compared with fibroblast controls, and this cytokine promotes SCC invasion through Matrigel, a mixture of basement membrane proteins. This is the first time that this double paracrine mechanism has been demonstrated between squamous carcinoma cells and fibroblasts, and emphasises that cancer invasion can be promoted indirectly by the release of tumour-induced host factors from stroma.
2RW dual-port SRAM design challenges in advanced technology nodes (2015)

We examine appropriate bitcell layouts for two read/write (2RW) 8T dual-port (DP) SRAM in advanced planar/FinFET technologies. 256-kbit 2RW DP SRAM macros with highly symmetrical 8T DP bitcell were designed and fabricated using 16 nm FinFET technology. The read/write assist with wordline overdrive reduces Vmln by 120 mV, achieving successful operation at below 0.5 V.
Structure of the metal clusters in rabbit liver metallothionein (1980)

Cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance ((113)Cd NMR) has been used to determine the structures of the multiple cadmium binding sites in the two major isoproteins of rabbit liver metallothionein. The isotopically (113)Cd-labeled metallothionein used in these studies was isolated from the livers of rabbits that had been subjected to repeated injections of (113)CdCl(2). The native protein isolated from these livers contains an appreciable amount of Zn in addition to Cd, ranging from 2-3 mol per mol of protein out of a total metal content of 7 mol per mol of protein. The (113)Cd NMR spectrum of Cd, Zn-containing metallothionein is quite complex, reflecting the fact that the native protein is a heterogeneous mixture of species containing different relative amounts of Zn and Cd. Replacement of the native Zn with (113)Cd in vitro gave a protein whose (113)Cd NMR spectrum was much simpler, containing eight distinct multiplets with chemical shifts ranging from 611-670 ppm. The origin of the multiplet structures has been shown to be (113)Cd-(113)Cd scalar coupling arising from two-bond interactions between (113)Cd ions linked to one another by bridging cysteine thiolate ligands. The size and structures of the metal clusters in the protein were determined by the application of selective homonuclear (113)Cd decoupling techniques. Analysis of these data showed that rabbit liver metallothionein contains two separate metal clusters, one containing four Cd(2+) ions and the other containing three. These two clusters, whose structures are the same in both isoproteins, have been designated "cluster A" and "cluster B," respectively. Structures for the clusters are proposed that account for the (113)Cd spin coupling data and the participation of all 20 of the cysteine residues in metal ligation, 11 in cluster A and 9 in cluster B. The appearance in the spectrum of eight multiplets rather than the seven that would be expected on the basis of the number of metal binding sites in the protein is an indication of some residual heterogeneity in the (113)Cd-labeled metallothionein sample. The origin of this heterogeneity is suggested to be the presence of a protein species that lacks metal ions at its cluster B binding sites.
Atorvastatin Prevents Gentamicin-Induced Renal Damage in Rats through the Inhibition of p38-MAPK and NF-kB Pathways (2009)

ATO acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GM via the inhibition of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and iNOS expression.
Medications used in the treatment of hypoglycemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy (HI). (2004)

Congenital hyperinsulinism of infancy is the commonest cause of persistent and recurrent hypoglycaemia in the neonatal and infancy period. It is a heterogeneous disorder with respect to clinical presentation, histology, molecular biology and genetics. The biochemical profile is one of hypoketotic, hypofattyacidemic hypoglycemia. To prevent permanent brain damage from hypoglycemia, the treatment of infants with congenital hyperinsulinism must be prompt and aggressive. The drugs used in the medical therapy for congenital hyperinsulinism are diazoxide, octreotide, glucagon and nifedipine.
Etude longitudinale du rendement de diverses méthodes de lecture et de leur incidence sur la "dyslexie" (1969)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Unsupervised Ensemble Ranking: Application to Large-Scale Image Retrieval (2010)

The continued explosion in the growth of image and video databases makes automatic image search and retrieval an extremely important problem. Among the various approaches to Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR), image similarity based on local point descriptors has shown promising performance. However, this approach suffers from the scalability problem. Although bag-of-words model resolves the scalability problem, it suffers from loss in retrieval accuracy. We circumvent this performance loss by an ensemble ranking approach in which rankings from multiple bag-of-words models are combined to obtain more accurate retrieval results. An unsupervised algorithm is developed to learn the weights for fusing the rankings from multiple bag-of-words models. Experimental results on a database of 100,000 images show that this approach is both efficient and effective in finding visually similar images.
Recent Advances in OLED Optical Design (2019)

Abstract Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become a mainstream display technology in consumer electronics. Self‐emitting ability, transparency, true dark tone, and capability of being made flexible are some of the features of OLED displays, leading to a superior performance compared with liquid crystal displays. In addition to displays, OLEDs are also a strong candidate for lighting applications. Despite great advances in improving the internal quantum efficiency of an OLED to nearly 100%, the external quantum efficiency is still lacking behind due to optical losses. This review reports the latest advances in the optical design of OLEDs that address the external coupling efficiency of OLEDs. Discussed at first are the fundamentals of OLED optics and how the refractive indices of different layers in an OLED stack affect the extraction efficiency. Then, this paper reviews how microlens arrays, scattering layers, and corrugated structures can be used to recover the optical losses and improve the external efficiency, and the general optical designs for different optical structures for light extraction are presented.
Generation of temperature-sensitive human metapneumovirus strains that provide protective immunity in hamsters (2008)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes acute respiratory tract illness primarily in young children, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Vaccines would be desirable to prevent severe illnesses in these risk groups. Here, we describe the generation and evaluation of cold-passage (cp) temperature-sensitive (ts) HMPV strains as vaccine candidates. Repeated passage of HMPV at low temperatures in Vero cells resulted in the accumulation of mutations in the viral genome. Introduction of these mutations in a recombinant HMPV by reverse genetics resulted in a ts-phenotype, judged on the decreased shut-off temperature for virus replication in vitro. As an alternative approach, three previously described cp-respiratory syncytial virus (cp-HRSV) mutations were introduced in a recombinant HMPV, which also resulted in a low shut-off temperature in vitro. Replication of these ts-viruses containing either the cp-HMPV or cp-HRSV mutations was reduced in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and undetectable in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of hamsters. Nevertheless, high titres of HMPV-specific antibodies were induced by both ts-viruses. Upon immunization with the ts-viruses, the LRT of hamsters were completely protected against challenge infection with a heterologous HMPV strain, and URT viral titres were reduced by 10 000-fold. In conclusion, we provide proof-of-principle for two candidate live-attenuated HMPV vaccines that induce cross-protective immunity to prevent infection of the LRT in Syrian golden hamsters. Further mapping of the molecular determinants of attenuation of HMPV should be the subject of future studies.
Properties Of Cements And Concretes Containing Fly Ash (1937)

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Enhancement of hepatitis‐B surface‐antigen expression by 5‐azacytidine in a hepatitis‐B‐virus‐transfected cell line (1992)

The human hepatoblastoma-derived cell line HB611 secretes hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis-B e antigen (HBeAg) into the medium. Hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) DNA integrated into the cellular genome was found to be hypermethylated. When the cells were treated with 5-azacytidine for 3 days, the level of HBsAg in the medium increased, while the level of HBeAg remained constant. The level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) decreased with the 5-azacytidine treatment. Southern blot analysis of DNA digested with HpaII or MspI showed that 5-azacytidine treatment resulted in hypomethylation of the integrated HBV DNA, suggesting that 5-azacytidine increased HBsAg production in the cells through hypomethylation of the HBV genomic DNA.
Controlling resistance spot welding using neural network and fuzzy logic (1998)

AbstractA control scheme able to compensate for variations or errors during automatic resistance spot welding to produce consistently sound welds was developed and demonstrated through simulation. Fuzzy logic control (FLC) was employed to overcome the lack of a precise mathematical model of the process. Electrode displacement, indicative of nugget growth, was used as the feedback signal to create appropriate actions to adjust power delivered in real time. Control action is generated from a rule based system constructed from experimental data for welds made under a wide variety of conditions. A neural network (NN) was constructed to provide process input–output relationships and tune the fuzzy rules off line. The FLC system was evaluated using the NN to describe electrode displacement as a function of the percentage maximum heat input and welding time. Simulation showed the potential of applying this control scheme to deal with the uncertainties of RSW in a typical automated production environment.
Aqueous extraction of copper and iron from palm oil by ultrasonic cavitation (1991)

A method for the extraction of Cu and Fe from palm oil into an aqueous solution using a 20 kHz ultrasonic probe is described. The acidic aqueous phase was separated from the organic phase through a filter-paper after agitation. The optimum conditions for the extraction were a power of 200 W and an agitation time of 4 min with 1.00 mol dm–3 HNO3. A recovery of approximately 98% of 4 ppm Cu and Fe from the spiked samples was achieved with a precision of less than 2% relative standard deviation (RSD). The proposed method was compared with standard dry ashing sample preparation and precisions of not more than 5 and 37% RSD for the proposed and standard methods, respectively, were attained. A sample preparation time of less than 10 min is possible, and the prepared sample may be readily aspirated into the atomizer of an atomic absorption spectrometer.
Stochastic differential equations with jump reflection at the boundary (1980)

A unique solution is shown to exist of a stochastic differential equation where the solution is subject to random kicks whenever it reaches or crosses a pre-selected boundary. The driving terms are arbitrary semimartingales, and the solutions are shown not to have explosions, even with essentially no restrictions on the stochastic kicking process.
A Graphene‐Based Vacuum Transistor with a High ON/OFF Current Ratio (2015)

A graphene‐based vacuum transistor (GVT) with a high ON/OFF current ratio is proposed and experimentally realized by employing electrically biased graphene as the electron emitter. The states of a GVT are switched by tuning the bias voltage applied to the graphene emitter with an ON/OFF current ratio up to 10 6 , a subthreshold slope of 120 mV dec −1 and low working voltages of <10 V, exhibiting switching performances superior to those of previously reported graphene‐based solid‐state transistors. GVTs are fabricated and integrated using silicon microfabrication technology. A perfectly symmetric ambipolar device is achieved by integrating two GVTs, implying the potential of realizing vacuum integrated circuits based on GVTs. GVTs are expected to find applications in extreme environments such as high temperature and intense irradiation.
Widespread uncoupling between transcriptome and translatome variations after a stimulus in mammalian cells (2012)

We propose a model of diffused independency between variation in transcript abundances and variation in their engagement on polysomes, which implies the existence of specific mechanisms to couple these two ways of regulating gene expression.
<title>Evaluations Of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Performance For Astronomical Use</title> (1981)

When CCD imaging arrays are used for astronomy the demands placed upon them are generally considerably different than those placed upon them in general TV applications. In both cases the parameters used to characterize a given array are generally the same but the target values for the parameters may vary significantly. The emphasis placed upon certain characteristics may also vary significantly depending on the particular application. Since, for some of the parameters at least, different methodologies provide different values it is important to understand how each value is obtained. It is the purpose of this paper to describe some of the methods used by one group at KPNO for determining the values of the primary parameters.
New synthetic approach and iron chelating studies of 1-alkyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones. (1987)

The major diseases of iron metabolism are iron deficiency anaemia, which could be treated using Fe2+ or Fe3+ salt supplements, and iron overload, which could arise either from an increased gastrointestinal absorption of iron or from recurrent blood transfusions. While the former form of iron overload could be treated by phlebotomy the latter requires the use of a chelator. Desferrioxamine is the only clinically available chelator for the treatment of iron overload but its use worldwide is limited because it is expensive and orally inactive. Several alpha-ketohydroxy heteroaromatic chelators have been synthesised and tested for their iron binding properties at physiological pH. The synthetic route involves the benzylation of the hydroxyl group of maltol using benzyl chloride, the conversion of the benzylated maltol to the 1-alkyl benzylated pyridine derivative by introducing the corresponding alkylamine in alkaline conditions and the cleavage of the benzyl group in acid to form the 1-alkyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one. All the chelators are water soluble and stable at a wide range of pH, forming stable, water soluble, coloured iron complexes with a molar ratio of approximately 3 chelator: 1 iron at pH 7.4 and lower molar ratio of chelators to iron complexes at acidic pH. When the 1-methyl, 1-ethyl and 1-propyl, -2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-ones were mixed at pH 7.4 with transferrin, ferritin and haemosiderin substantial amounts of iron were released.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Statistics of the polarization properties of one-dimensional randomly rough surfaces (1995)

A study of the statistics of the polarization properties of one-dimensional randomly rough surfaces is presented. Based on the assumption that the s and p components of the electric-field vector constitute correlated circular complex Gaussian processes, some first-order statistical properties of the polarization of scattered fields are first established. In particular, results are presented for the probability density function of the Stokes parameters and their correlations. For each realization of the surface the random Mueller matrix elements associated with the surface may be determined from measurements of the Stokes parameters of the scattered light. Choosing a +45° linear polarization for the incident field, one is then able to study the statistics of the Mueller matrix elements. Numerical and experimental data on the statistics of the Mueller matrix elements are presented and compared with theoretical results. Finally, the usefulness and the significance of the results are illustrated with some examples.
Transient Cervical Nerve Root Compression in the Rat Induces Bilateral Forepaw Allodynia and Spinal Glial Activation: Mechanical Factors in Painful Neck Injuries (2005)

Results imply a force threshold exists less than 10 gf for persistent pain symptoms following transient cervical nerve root compression. Findings also suggest that spinal glial activation may be related to behavioral sensitivity and may modulate cervical nerve root mediated pain.
Genome-wide discovery of human heart enhancers (2010)

The various organogenic programs deployed during embryonic development rely on the precise expression of a multitude of genes in time and space. Identifying the cis-regulatory elements responsible for this tightly orchestrated regulation of gene expression is an essential step in understanding the genetic pathways involved in development. We describe a strategy to systematically identify tissue-specific cis-regulatory elements that share combinations of sequence motifs. Using heart development as an experimental framework, we employed a combination of Gibbs sampling and linear regression to build a classifier that identifies heart enhancers based on the presence and/or absence of various sequence features, including known and putative transcription factor (TF) binding specificities. In distinguishing heart enhancers from a large pool of random noncoding sequences, the performance of our classifier is vastly superior to four commonly used methods, with an accuracy reaching 92% in cross-validation. Furthermore, most of the binding specificities learned by our method resemble the specificities of TFs widely recognized as key players in heart development and differentiation, such as SRF, MEF2, ETS1, SMAD, and GATA. Using our classifier as a predictor, a genome-wide scan identified over 40,000 novel human heart enhancers. Although the classifier used no gene expression information, these novel enhancers are strongly associated with genes expressed in the heart. Finally, in vivo tests of our predictions in mouse and zebrafish achieved a validation rate of 62%, significantly higher than what is expected by chance. These results support the existence of underlying cis-regulatory codes dictating tissue-specific transcription in mammalian genomes and validate our enhancer classifier strategy as a method to uncover these regulatory codes.
NAND/NOR gate polymorphism in low temperature environment (2012)

The fundamental aspect behind this paper is focused on behaviour of polymorphic digital circuits in potentially harsh operating environment. The area of polymorphic electronics takes and an advantage of inherently built-in features that open up the possibility for on-the-fly adjustment of a particular circuit function with respect to the environment. The most prevalent benefit here is connected with the fact that space-efficient circuit implementation can be achieved due to the adoption of polymorphic principles and, thus, eliminate the need for an additional function change controller. The experimental setup was based around reconfigurable polymorphic chip REPOMO32, which is primarily designed to be configured (in addition to the configuration bit stream) by means of using the level of power supply voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> ), and carrier board with all necessary capabilities for temperature measurement up to -40C boundary and its response analysis. Experiments clearly indicate that polymorphic gates in the chip can be easily controlled not only by V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> , but also by temperature. The obtained results also prove that the physical design of the REPOMO32 chip is robust enough under wide range f operating temperature.
On the application of W/Cu materials in the fields of power engineering and plasma technology (1991)

Due to their special combination of properties, materials based W/Cu are widely applicable as contacts and electrode materials in power engineering and plasma technology. By means of varying microstructure and tungsten content, as well as by introducing suitable additives, it is possible to optimize the material for quite a number of specialized tasks. The ways to influence the switching properties or the discharge behavior, respectively, are demonstrated with the aid of experimental results obtained in various applications of tungsten-copper materials. Some typical properties of W/Cu materials with different tungsten contents are given. Each type of application has its own characteristic parameters which may lead to different types of stress on the electrode material. Typical ranges of voltage, current, and arcing time are given for various fields of application of W/Cu materials. The examples from the applications discussed demonstrate the wide range of applicability of W/Cu materials as electrode materials. The basis for the advantageous properties of W/Cu is provided by the combination of the properties of the main constituents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>