gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in bipolar transistor technology (1995)

Recent developments in high speed silicon bipolar device technologies are reviewed. Bipolar device structures that include polysilicon are key technologies for improving circuit characteristics. Double polysilicon bipolar device structures, in particular, have made it possible both to form shallow junctions and to reduce device dimensions. Recent progress of silicon bipolar transistor technology using SiGe and the use of the SOI technology to obtain high speed operations are also reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Determinants of Clostridium difficile Toxin A Glucosyltransferase Activity (2012)

The principle virulence factors in Clostridium difficile pathogenesis are TcdA and TcdB, homologous glucosyltransferases capable of inactivating small GTPases within the host cell. We present crystal structures of the TcdA glucosyltransferase domain in the presence and absence of the co-substrate UDP-glucose. Although the enzymatic core is similar to that of TcdB, the proposed GTPase-binding surface differs significantly. We show that TcdA is comparable with TcdB in its modification of Rho family substrates and that, unlike TcdB, TcdA is also capable of modifying Rap family GTPases both in vitro and in cells. The glucosyltransferase activities of both toxins are reduced in the context of the holotoxin but can be restored with autoproteolytic activation and glucosyltransferase domain release. These studies highlight the importance of cellular activation in determining the array of substrates available to the toxins once delivered into the cell.
Zum Einfluß einer Argininzulage auf die Laktationsleistung von Sauen (1991)

Zusammenfassung In einem Fütterungsversuch mit 16 DL‐Herdbuchsauen wurde bis zum 18. Laktationstag geprüft, ob eine orale Argininzulage von 0,7% plus 0,3% Lysin zum Laktationsfutter einen Effekt auf Milchleistung, Milchinhaltsstoffe und verschiedene Parameter im Blut, wie Aminosäuren‐ und Harnstoffkonzentrationen, sowie den Gehalten an Cholesterin und porcinem Wachstumshormon (pGH) ausübt. Die Gehalte der Milch an Fett, Eiweiß und Energie und die Konzentrationen an Aminosäuren, Harnstoff, Cholesterin und pGH im Plasma wurden durch die Argininzulage nicht beeinflußt. Die Milchleistung lag im Mittel beider Gruppen bei 303 g/Stunde. Im Mittel gaben die Sauen der Arginingruppe um 10% mehr Milch, wobei sich der Unterschied am 11. und 18. Laktationstag signifikant auf 7 bzw. 14% belief.
Research on Visual Monitoring and Auxiliary Maintenance Technology of Equipment Based on Augmented Reality (2019)

Aiming at the complicated data information in the process of equipment maintenance and management and the low work efficiency and the high error rate relying on the paper manual, this paper applies the augmented reality technology to the visual monitoring and maintenance of the equipment, which uses Unity3D as the AR application development platform, and Vuforia SDK as a tool for virtual and real fusion display to build a set of visual monitoring and maintenance guidance system based on augmented reality. It realizes AR visualization of equipment status information by continuously calling the data transmission interface, parsing and passing parameters. At the same time, It can guide the staff to complete the corresponding maintenance work through the analysis of the data. The actual application case shows that the system can realize the transparent production of equipment and improve the staff's ability to control the equipment.
Thermal Management System Technology Development for Space Station Applications (1983)

A short discussion of the history to date of the NASA thermal management system technology development program is presented, and the current status of several ongoing studies and hardware demonstration tasks is reported. One element of technology that is required for long-life, high-power orbital platforms/stations that is being developed is heat rejection and a space-constructable radiator system. Aspects of this project include high-efficiency fin concepts, a heat pipe quick-disconnect device, high-capacity heat pipes, and an alternate interface heat exchanger design. In the area of heat acquisition and transport, developments in a pumped two-phase transport loop, a capillary pumped transport loop using the concept of thermal utility are reported. An example of a thermal management system concept is provided.
An auto-I/Q calibrated CMOS transceiver for 802.11g (2005)

The CMOS transceiver IC exploits the superheterodyne architecture to implement a low-cost RF front-end with an auto-I/Q calibration function for IEEE 802.11g. The transceiver supports I/Q gain and phase mismatch auto tuning mechanisms at both the transmitting and receiving ends, which are able to reduce the phase mismatch to within 1/spl deg/ and gain mismatch to 0.1dB. Implemented in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process with 2.7 V supply voltage, the transceiver delivers a 5.1 dB receiver cascade noise figure, 7 dBm transmit, and a 1 dB compression point.
Distribution of Practice in Motor Skill Acquisition: Different Effects for Discrete and Continuous Tasks (1989)

Research on the benefits of distributed practice for the acquisition and retention of motor skills has a long history. The majority of this research has involved skill acquisition of continuous tasks. However, there is some evidence to suggest that distribution of practice effects are quite different for discrete tasks than for continuous tasks. In the present study, we used a single task, formed discrete and continuous versions of the task, and examined how acquisition and retention were affected by the length of inter-trial interval. The basic task was a movement timing task that involved either one timing estimate per trial (the "discrete" version) or twenty successive estimates per trial (the "continuous" version). Separate groups of subjects learned one version of the task under either distributed (25 s inter-trial intervals) or massed (0.5 s inter-trial intervals) practice conditions. Both massed and distributed retention trials were performed on the same version of the task according to a double transfer design. The results confirmed the apparent disparity: Acquisition and retention were facilitated by distributed practice on the continuous task, but by massed practice on the discrete task. These results were discussed in terms of the role of the inter-trial interval in discrete and continuous tasks.
Simvastatin induces Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells by modulation of transforming growth factor‐β signal transduction (2010)

Summary Statins are widely used drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. A number of recent studies have suggested that statins also have pleiotropic effects on immune responses and statins have proven to be effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases in animal models. Foxp3 + T regulatory cells are a unique subset of CD4 + T cells that mediate immunosuppression. Foxp3 + T cells develop in the thymus, but can also be induced in peripheral sites in the presence of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). We demonstrate here that simvastatin blockade of the mevalonate pathway can mediate induction of mouse Foxp3 + T cells and that simvastatin can synergize with low levels of TGF‐β to induce Foxp3 + T cells. The effects of simvastatin are secondary to a blockade of protein geranylgeranylation, are mediated at late time‐points after T‐cell activation, and are associated with demethylation of the Foxp3 promoter. One major effect of simvastatin was inhibition of the induction of Smad6 and Smad7, inhibitory Smads that inhibit TGF‐β signalling. Our results suggest that one mechanism responsible for the immunosuppressive effects of statins is the ability to promote the generation of Foxp3 + T regulatory cells.
Scalable Synchronization and Reciprocity Calibration for Distributed Multiuser MIMO (2014)

Large-scale distributed Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a promising wireless network architecture that combines the advantages of "massive MIMO" and "small cells." It consists of several Access Points (APs) connected to a central server via a wired backhaul network and acting as a large distributed antenna system. We focus on the downlink, which is both more demanding in terms of traffic and more challenging in terms of implementation than the uplink. In order to enable multiuser joint precoding of the downlink signals, channel state information at the transmitter side is required. We consider Time Division Duplex (TDD), where the downlink channels can be learned from the user uplink pilot signals, thanks to channel reciprocity. Furthermore, coherent multiuser joint precoding is possible only if the APs maintain a sufficiently accurate relative timing and phase synchronization. AP synchronization and TDD reciprocity calibration are two key problems to be solved in order to enable distributed MU-MIMO downlink. In this paper, we propose novel over-the-air synchronization and calibration protocols that scale well with the network size. The proposed schemes can be applied to networks formed by a large number of APs, each of which is driven by an inexpensive 802.11-grade clock and has a standard RF front-end, not explicitly designed to be reciprocal. Our protocols can incorporate, as a building block, any suitable timing and frequency estimator. Here we revisit the problem of joint ML timing and frequency estimation and use the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound to evaluate the performance of the synchronization protocol. Overall, the proposed synchronization and calibration schemes are shown to achieve sufficient accuracy for satisfactory distributed MU-MIMO performance.
The Master (2013)

There are a few good biographies of Confucius in English, but just as it is better to become acquainted with his students directly from the text, so, too, with their teacher: The Analects contains a sufficient number of autobiographical and biographical statements about him to enable the careful reader to take a measure of the man when they feel it is important to do so. The measuring is not always easy; however, for the same reason that makes assessing the students a difficult task at times: A number of the relevant statements do not sit well with others equally relevant. The inflexibility he says he dislikes, for example, in 9.4 and 14.32 seems to be amply in evidence in much of Book 10 and elsewhere, when it comes to the niceties of ritual performance. And we must also wonder why, in at least some cases, he gives such divergent opinions of the same student.KeywordsDivergent OpinionRitual PerformanceConference CenterHalf SisterComparative ReligionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Sorption and bioavailability of carbon tetrachloride in a low organic content sandy soil (1999)

Abstract Two sets of parallel columns were packed with a low-organic-content aquifer soil contaminated with carbon tetrachloride (CT) and flushed with water under bioactive and abiotic saturated conditions. Both effluent and soil concentrations (by sacrificing columns) were monitored for CT. Desorption of CT from the aquifer material could be described by a two-site nonequilibrium model. The columns were found to operate far from desorption equilibrium conditions. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. strain KC resulted in rapid transformation of CT in the liquid phase, but no evidence of solid-phase degradation was found. Mathematical modeling of desorption and biodegradation as sequential and independent processes appears to be justified for this soil/contaminant combination.
A phase I study of MK-0646, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF1R) in advanced solid tumor patients in a q2 wk schedule (2008)

3520 Background: IGF1R is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is overexpressed in many primary tumor cells, including breast, colon, lung and prostate cancers. Activation of this signaling pathway induces mitosis, is required to establish and maintain a transformed phenotype, and protects cells against apoptosis. MK-0646 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to IGF-1R and is being developed for the treatment of cancer. Methods: In Parts 1 and 2, patients were treated with loading doses of MK-0646 from 2.5 - 20.0 mg/kg (mpk) followed by maintenance doses from 2.5 - 15.0 mpk IVq2W. In Part 3, patients will be treated at a 15 mpk loading dose and 10 mpk maintenance dose. The objectives of the study are to determine safety and tolerability, formation of human anti-MK-0646 antibodies, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response. Results: 29 patients (M/F 22/7), with a median age of 62 yrs (range 23–84) were treated. The median number of days on treatment was 64 (range 14 to >351). Two patients have remained on study greater than 1 yr. One dose limiting toxicity (Gr 4 thrombocytopenia) was observed at the 15.0 mpk loading 5.0 mpk maintenance cohort. Adverse events include fatigue (9), vomiting, nausea, constipation (8 each), and diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain (7 each). PK analyses suggest that mean MK-0646 serum concentration following the loading dose decline at least biexponentially after peak; the terminal half-life averaged approx. 100 hours (range 54–296). The clearance (CL) for the loading dose was relatively unchanged at doses of 10 mpk and higher. Conclusions: MK-0646 appears to be well tolerated at loading doses up to 20 mpk and maintenance doses up to 15 mpk. Constant CL for loading doses higher than 10 mpk suggests saturation of IGF1R receptors. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck Merck
Surface chemistry of nanodiamonds (2004)

The experimental data available in the literature and the results obtained by the author in research into the structure of nanodiamonds and the physicochemical and chemical properties of their surface are generalized. An account is given of the problems concerning the chemical state and modification of the nanodiamond surface in gaseous and liquid media and the infiuence of modification on the sorption and catalytic properties of nanodiamonds, their compactibility, and sintering. The similarity and difference in the behavior of nanodiamonds and diamond macrocrystals in oxidation processes are discussed. The activation energies of oxidation of nanodiamonds by different reagents are determined in the absence and presence of catalysts.
Dynamic Waveform Shaping With Picosecond Time Widths (2016)

In this paper, we present a scalable architecture in silicon that allows synthesis and dynamic waveform shaping of periodic mm-wave signals, either generated on-chip or quasi-optically through radiation in free space capable of producing pulse trains with picosecond time signatures. This is achieved through an architecture that allows extraction of multiple harmonics above f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> with simultaneous amplitude and phase control. Signal synthesis is achieved through controlled interference of multiple traveling waves with rich harmonic components and delays. The first example, presented in this paper, is where the signal synthesis is achieved on-chip demonstrating a pulse train at the output with a measured pulsewidth of 2.6 ps and a 0.46-mW output power. The second example is a four-element array with integrated antennas, which allows signal synthesis in space and is demonstrated to show reconfigurable radiation of pulse trains with a 2.6-ps pulsewidth, pure tones at a fundamental frequency of 107.5 GHz with an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 4.6 dBm and a second harmonic of 215 GHz with EIRP of 5.0 dBm, as well as any combination of these two harmonics with arbitrary amplitudes and delays. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper demonstrates the sharpest on-chip and radiated pulses with dynamic waveform shaping in any integrated circuit technology. This can open the door to innovations in broadband terahertz imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy.
Malestar en la cultura: Conflictos en la política cultural mexicana reciente (2004)

En este trabajo reflexionare sobre los conflictos recientes en materia de politica cultural, para tratar de ir mas alla de esto. Se alimenta de las ultimas reflexiones sobre la politica cultural en Iberoamerica, para proponer otros temas ausentes en los debates de lo ultimos anos. La idea basica es que si la cultura ha de ser un sustento del desarrollo debemos incluirla como base de la gobernabilidad, lo que supone ir mas alla de la politica y el mercado.
Control of oxygen incorporation and lifetime measurement in Si1-xGex epitaxial films grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (1991)

Oxygen levels in epitaxial Sii_Ge films grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) have been reduced to under 2 x 1018 cm3 and the source of oxygen in films with higher oxygen concentration has been identified. Films with low oxygen levels have minority carrier lifetimes in the us range and Si/Sii_Ge/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors (BET''s) fabricated with low oxygen levels have near-ideal base currents which do not depend on the base composition.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Assessment of myocardial oxygenation with MRI. (2013)

As an aerobic organ in a living body, the beating heart relies almost exclusively on the oxidation of energy-providing substrates such as free fatty acids (60-90%) for its primary contractile function. Specifically, chemical energy is generally produced in aerobic metabolic pathways through oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Myocytes utilize the chemical energy stored in ATP molecules and transform it into mechanical energy. Accordingly, cardiac cells have to consume large amounts of O 2 for the contraction process, which accounts for over 80% of oxygen cost. The remaining <20% is consumed by other physiological processes not directly associated with contraction, i.e., membrane depolarization and repolarization. For this reason, the heart can only develop a small oxygen debt. Oxygen supply and demand has to match to maintain normal myocardial contractility.
Role of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury and Repair (2014)

Spinal cord injury is followed by glial scar formation, which has positive and negative effects on recovery from the lesion. More than half of the astrocytes in the glial scar are generated by ependymal cells, the neural stem cells in the spinal cord. We recently demonstrated that the neural stem cell-derived scar component has several beneficial functions, including restricting tissue damage and neural loss after spinal cord injury. This finding identifies endogenous neural stem cells as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of spinal cord injury.
Is This My Phone? Operating a Physical Smartphone in Virtual Reality (2020)

Using a Virtual Reality (VR) headset significantly improves the immersive experience of a virtual environment. However, it separates the user from the physical world for interacting with daily objects like smartphones. This demo shows a prototype system that enables VR users to operate a full-featured smartphone in VR, in the same way they do in reality without taking the VR headset off. We explain the system design and strategies adopted to run the system at high resolution and with low latency. We also present a virtual hand rendering method to improve the phone interaction experience.
New insights into the role of connexins in pancreatic islet function and diabetes (2014)

Multi-cellular systems require complex signaling mechanisms for proper tissue function, to mediate signaling between cells in close proximity and at distances. This holds true for the islets of Langerhans, which are multicellular micro-organs located in the pancreas responsible for glycemic control, through secretion of insulin and other hormones. Coupling of electrical and metabolic signaling between islet β-cells is required for proper insulin secretion and effective glycemic control. β-cell specific coupling is established through gap junctions composed of connexin36, which results in coordinated insulin release across the islet. Islet connexins have been implicated in both Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes; however a clear link remains to be determined. The goal of this review is to discuss recent discoveries regarding the role of connexins in regulating insulin secretion, the regulation of connexins within the islet, and recent studies which support a role for connexins in diabetes. Further studies which investigate the regulation of connexins in the islet and their role in diabetes may lead to novel diabetes therapies which regulate islet function and β-cell survival through modulation of gap junction coupling.
Evaluation of Six Natural Gas Combustion Systems for LNG Locomotive Applications (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental program to develop a practical natural gas-fueled locomotive engine was conducted. Six natural gas-fueled combustion systems for an EMD 710-type locomotive engine were developed and tested. The six systems were evaluated in terms of NO<sub>x</sub> and CO emissions, thermal efficiency, knock tolerance, and other practical considerations. Each combustion system was tested at Notch 5, 100-percent load, Notch 8, 80-percent load, and Notch 8, 100-percent load conditions. In general, all of the technologies produced significantly lower NO<sub>x</sub> emissions than the baseline diesel engine. Based on the results of the tests and other analyses, a late cycle, high-injection pressure (LaCHIP) combustion system, using a diesel pilot-ignited, late cycle injection of natural gas with a Diesel-type combustion process, was determined to provide the most practical combustion system for a natural gas-fueled, EMD 710-powered locomotive.</div>
Erectile dysfunction and the cardiovascular patient: endothelial dysfunction is the common denominator (2003)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition and studies predict that it will become even more common in the future. There is increasing evidence to suggest that it is predominantly a vascular disease and may even be a marker for occult cardiovascular disease. The common pathological process is at the level of the endothelium, and cardiovascular risk factor control may be the key to preventing ED. Many men with established cardiovascular disease have ED. Specific guidelines for the management of ED in these patients have been produced by an expert panel. Cardiovascular risk stratification is an important initial step in managing such patients. In cardiac patients considered to have low cardiovascular risk, the management of ED can be safe and effective.
Inhibition of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte–Mediated Graft Damage Synergizes With Short-Term Costimulatory Blockade to Prevent Cardiac Allograft Rejection (2005)

Results suggest that strategies attenuating PMN-mediated tissue damage during reperfusion significantly improve the efficacy of short-term costimulatory blockade to prevent T-cell-mediated rejection of cardiac allografts.
A Facile and Versatile Method to Endow Biomaterial Devices with Zwitterionic Surface Coatings (2016)

The surface modification of implantable biomaterials with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine polymer is demonstrated through mussel-mimetic catecholamine polymer thin films. Using this method, the surfaces of alginate hydrogel microspheres and polystyrene microbeads, a model material known to produce robust foreign body responses and fibrosis, are successfully modified to reduce the tissue reaction by reducing the fibrosis in immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice.