gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Excluding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease as the Cause of Chronic Cough (1996)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is recognized to be present in 10-20% of cases of chronic cough. Proving that it is the cause of the cough is more difficult. This problem is illustrated by way of a case report demonstrating that GERD can still be the cause, even when the patient is unresponsive to conventional use of proton pump inhibitors. In the commentary following the case history, we review the medical literature to confirm that GERD and cough may each precipitate the other. The role of esophageal pH monitoring in difficult cases of chronic cough is explored; we emphasize the use of pH monitoring while the patient is on therapy to prove or disprove the link.
The Pre-Clovis Occupation of the Topper Site, Allendale County, South Carolina (2018)

Located in a Pleistocene terrace on the Savannah River, evidence for a Pre-Clovis occupation of the Topper site is presented including radiocarbon and OSL dating of the Pleistocene sediments. Topper is a core and flake technology with numerous examples of small tools such as bend breaks, unifaces, small blades, and abundant lithic debris from chert quarrying. It has been named the Clariant complex. Pre-Clovis at Topper is pre-LGM and one of the oldest sites in the Western Hemisphere.
The automatic interpretation of vibration data from gas turbines (1996)

Abstract A knowledge-based computer system has been developed to automatically scan and interpret graphical displays of vibration data taken from strain gauges mounted on the blades of gas turbines performing acceleration tests. The various characteristic lines which appear on these displays are recognised and classified and the lines representing modes of vibration are examined to determine which mode is being excited and the severity of the excitation. All lines are compared, by a “blackboard” technique, against those predicted by the system working from the engine specification, laboratory tests and finite element analyses. Any unexpected features are reported for manual inspection. Several series of tests have now been made on the system. In the first test on 130 diagrams, every one of over 3000 features visible to the human eye was detected and then classified.
The Classics and History (1962)

In May 1862 one of the members of the Public Schools Commission asked Dr. Moberly, the Headmaster of Winchester, whether it was the habit in his school to teach modern or ancient history by set lessons, and he got the frank reply, ‘No; I should not know how to do it.’ And C. E. Graves, in the course of his evidence before the same Commissioners, said of the Greek history that he had studied a few years earlier at Shrewsbury, ‘We used to get it up from a small book by a German, written in Latin.’ The century that has passed since then has seen astonishing changes both in the content and in the methods of education, and in particular the promotion of historical studies to a place of central importance has made considerable alterations in the frontiers even if it has not been the result of deliberate ‘re-drawing the map of learning’, and it certainly constitutes one of the main factors which the contemporary cartographers of education must take into account.
Resolution enhanced light field near eye display using e‐shifting method with birefringent plate (2018)

Abstract Light field near eye displays (LFNED) can produce lightweight devices and address the accommodation–convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution creates a poor immersive experience in LFNED. In addition, although many e‐shifting devices have been proposed to enhance resolution in projection system, yet those devices are too bulky to be applied in an LFNED to keep it lightweight. In this paper, a compact e‐shifting component is proposed to enhance image resolution in an LFNED by using a birefringent plate and twisted nematic switch cell. The proposed e‐shifting device is a flat and thin component with only 2.6 mm of thickness, which could be placed in the gap of an LFNED without increasing the thickness. The results show that the proposed components could be easily integrated in an LFNED with the result of resolution enhancement.
The PINK1 kinase-driven ubiquitin ligase Parkin promotes mitochondrial protein import through the presequence pathway in living cells (2019)

Most of over a thousand mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and must be imported from the cytosol. Little is known about the cytosolic events regulating mitochondrial protein import, partly due to the lack of appropriate tools for its assessment in living cells. We engineered an inducible biosensor for monitoring the main presequence-mediated import pathway with a quantitative, luminescence-based readout. This tool was used to explore the regulation of mitochondrial import by the PINK1 kinase-driven Parkin ubiquitin ligase, which is dysfunctional in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. We show that mitochondrial import was stimulated by Parkin, but not by disease-causing Parkin variants. This effect was dependent on Parkin activation by PINK1 and accompanied by an increase in the abundance of K11 ubiquitin chains on mitochondria and by ubiquitylation of subunits of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial import efficiency was abnormally low in cells from patients with PINK1- and PARK2-linked Parkinson's disease and was restored by phosphomimetic ubiquitin in cells with residual Parkin activity. Altogether, these findings uncover a role of ubiquitylation in mitochondrial import regulation and suggest that loss of this regulatory loop may underlie the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, providing novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
World Book of Impotence (1992)

Impotence research - the past and the present, Shirai neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, William Steers neurotransmitters and smooth muscle pathology, Inigo Saenz de Tejada and Irwin Goldstein ethical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of impotence, I. Sharlip psychological evaluation and therapy - what's new, Helen Kaplan nocturnal penile tumescence - is it necessary?, Alvaro Morales vascular evaluation - is it useful in 1991?, George S. Benson what constitutes an adequate impotence work-up? Tom F. Lue gravity cavernosometry, Pedro Puech-Leao dynamic infusion cavernosometry, cavernosography and caverous arterial pressure test, Harin Padma-Nathan cavernous smooth muscle - potential testing, Christian Stief radioisotopic test for impotence, H.K. Choi vacuum constriction devices - do they really work?, Hellstorm pharmacotherapy of impotence - where are we going?, Peter Juenemann arteriovenous surgeries - do they make any sense? Ronald W. Lewis venous surgery - are we kidding ourselves?, Tom F. Lue why a penile prosthesis?, John J. Mulcahy.
Parkinson's Disease Skin Fibroblasts Display Signature Alterations in Growth, Redox Homeostasis, Mitochondrial Function, and Autophagy (2018)

The discovery of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of this disorder, and a poor correlation between the underlying pathology and the clinically expressed phenotype. An ideal biomarker would inform on PD-relevant pathological changes via an easily assayed biological characteristic, which reliably tracks clinical symptoms. Human dermal (skin) fibroblasts are accessible peripheral cells that constitute a patient-specific system, which potentially recapitulates the PD chronological and epigenetic aging history. Here, we compared primary skin fibroblasts obtained from individuals diagnosed with late-onset sporadic PD, and healthy age-matched controls. These fibroblasts were studied from fundamental viewpoints of growth and morphology, as well as redox, mitochondrial, and autophagic function. It was observed that fibroblasts from PD subjects had higher growth rates, and appeared distinctly different in terms of morphology and spatial organization in culture, compared to control cells. It was also found that the PD fibroblasts exhibited significantly compromised mitochondrial structure and function when assessed via morphological and oxidative phosphorylation assays. Additionally, a striking increase in baseline macroautophagy levels was seen in cells from PD subjects. Exposure of the skin fibroblasts to physiologically relevant stress, specifically ultraviolet irradiation (UVA), further exaggerated the autophagic dysfunction in the PD cells. Moreover, the PD fibroblasts accumulated higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with lower cell viability upon UVA treatment. In essence, these studies highlight primary skin fibroblasts as a patient-relevant model that captures fundamental PD molecular mechanisms, and supports their potential utility to develop diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the disease.
Direct Electrodeposition of Highly Dense 50 nm Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3-</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i>Se<i><sub>y</sub></i> Nanowire Arrays (2003)

Films and arrays of 200 and 50 nm diameter wires of Bi2Te3-xSex have been electrodeposited in the following general reaction: 2Bi3+ + (3−y)HTeO2+ + (y)H2SeO3 + (9+y)H+ + 18e- → Bi2Te3-ySey + (6+y)H2O. Films produced from an electrolyte of 0.0075 M Bi, 0.0090 M Te, and 0.0010 M Se in 1 M HNO3 at a potential of ∼0 V vs Ag/AgCl are single phase with composition Bi2Te2.6Se0.4 as determined by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Similar conditions yield arrays of 200 and 50 nm Bi2Te3-ySey wires when deposited into porous alumina templates. The wires are single phase, crystalline, and textured, with up to 85% pore filling.
Controlled Origami Folding of Hydrogel Bilayers with Sustained Reversibility for Robust Microcarriers (2011)

Soft origami structures: Planar bilayer microparticles consisting of active and passive layers show a structural transformation to microcapsules because of an anisotropic volume expansion (see picture). The soft hydrogel materials used for both layers facilitate the reversible transformation and complete closure of the compartment, which enables in situ encapsulation and triggered release of micro- to nanoscopic active ingredients. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ebola Virus Transcription Activator VP30 Is a Zinc-Binding Protein (2003)

Ebola virus VP30 is an essential activator of viral transcription. In viral particles, VP30 is closely associated with the nucleocapsid complex. A conspicuous structural feature of VP30 is an unconventional zinc-binding Cys(3)-His motif comprising amino acids 68 to 95. By using a colorimetric zinc-binding assay we found that the VP30-specific Cys(3)-His motif stoichiometrically binds zinc ions in a one-to-one relationship. Substitution of the conserved cysteines and the histidine within the motif led to a complete loss of the capacity for zinc binding. Functional analyses revealed that none of the tested mutations of the proposed zinc-coordinating residues influenced binding of VP30 to nucleocapsid-like particles but, concerning its role in activating viral transcription, all resulted in a protein that was inactive.
The Marketing of Wool (1962)

Among the most notable features of English economic development during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was a trend towards greater regional specialization. Increasingly, the barriers of local self-sufficiency were being broken down. In the wool-textile industry, wool-producing districts and cloth-manufacturing centres became more sharply defined as the internal wool market expanded. The widening of the market owed something to improvements in the means of communication, but more largely it was due to the rise of classes of professional middlemen and carriers, whose activities came to play an increasingly important role in the evolution of the domestic economy.
Remission by melatonin (2015)

Fewer daylight hours in winter increases melatonin production to promote anti-inflammatory relief in multiple sclerosis patients.
The Effect of Polarized Versus Nonpolarized Light on Melatonin Regulation in Humans † (2000)

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of polarized light versus nonpolarized light on melatonin secretion in healthy, humans (mean age, 25 years; N = 6). On separate evenings, each subject was exposed to four different light intensities (20, 40, 80 and 3200 lx) of both polarized and nonpolarized light, as well as to a control, dark exposure. Each evening experiment consisted of a 120 min dark exposure (0000-0200 h) followed by a 90 min light exposure (0200-0330 h). Subjects' pupils were dilated prior to exposures. Blood samples were drawn at the start and end of each light-exposure period and later assayed for melatonin by radioimmunoassay. When compared to control exposures, both polarized and nonpolarized light elicited significant suppression of plasma melatonin at each illuminance (P < 0.03 to P < 0.0001), There were no significant differences between the effects of polarized light and nonpolarized light at any illuminance. The two light stimuli modalities demonstrated very similar fluence-response relationships between illuminance and melatonin suppression. Thus, the human pineal gland is responsive to ocular exposure with polarized light in a dose-dependent manner similar to that of nonpolarized light, although no significant differences were detected between polarized and nonpolarized light on melatonin regulation.
Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coatings in food cans. (1995)

We present data showing that some foods preserved in lacquer-coated cans and the liquid in them may acquire estrogenic activity. Hormonal activity was measured using the E-screen bioassay. The biological activity of vegetables packed in cans was a result of plastic monomers used in manufacturing the containers. The plastic monomer bisphenol-A, identified by mass spectrometry, was found as a contaminant not only in the liquid of the preserved vegetables but also in water autoclaved in the cans. The amount of bisphenol-A in the extracts accounted for all the hormonal activity measured. Although the presence of other xenoestrogens cannot be ruled out, it is apparent that all estrogenic activity in these cans was due to bisphenol-A leached from the lacquer coating. The use of plastic in food-packaging materials may require closer scrutiny to determine whether epoxy resins and polycarbonates contribute to human exposure to xenoestrogens.
New polymer syntheses, 92. Biodegradable, thermotropic copolyesters derived from β‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (1997)

Abstract Binary copolyesters were prepared by polycondensation of the trimethylsilylester of acetylated β‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPPA) with acetylated 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), vanillic acid (VA), 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (HNA), 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) or 4′‐hydroxybiphenyl‐4‐carboxylic acid (HBCA). Only the binary copolyester derived from 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid proved to be enantiotropic nematic, whereas all other binary copolyesters were more or less crystalline and infusible. Furthermore eight ternary copolyesters were prepared, which all proved to be soluble and thermotropic. 13 C NMR spectroscopy proved a random nature of the sequences of the copolyesters, which were only obtained when transesterification catalysts such as Ti(OiPr) 4 or MgO were used for the polycondensations. Optical microscopy revealed that five of the eight copolyesters form a homogeneous nematic phase above 220 or 250°C. However, in three cases the nematic melt contained crystalline particles which did not melt below 400°C. According to the WAXS powder patterns and DSC measurements most binary and ternary copolyesters are semicrystalline and form an imperfect orthorhombic crystal lattice. In three cases, the solid phase is best described as a hexagonal columnar mesophase.
High frequency LLC DC-transformer based on GaN devices and the dead time optimization (2014)

The trend in Intermediate Bus Converter (IBC) is increasing output power demands and higher operating frequencies, while the appearance of GaN devices will improve the power density of the converter possibly. This paper analyzed the high frequency characteristics of GaN devices and its advantages at high frequency applications. Owing to difficulties in designing driver circuit and layout, the paper designs the key parameters in the driver circuit. An optimized design of resonance parameters in LLC topology aiming for improved efficiency tradeoff between the dead time and shunt branch numbers is investigated. Then, an improved matrix transformer which would enhance the performance of the traditional transformer and decrease the leakage inductor and eddy current loss is proposed. Finally, a 300W the LLC prototype is designed on mentioned approach and some experiments have been made.
A platform for discovery: The University of Pennsylvania Integrated Neurodegenerative Disease Biobank (2013)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are defined by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the central nervous system (CNS), and only neuropathological examination enables a definitive diagnosis. Brain banks and their associated scientific programs have shaped the actual knowledge of NDs, identifying and characterizing the CNS deposits that define new diseases, formulating staging schemes, and establishing correlations between neuropathological changes and clinical features. However, brain banks have evolved to accommodate the banking of biofluids as well as DNA and RNA samples. Moreover, the value of biobanks is greatly enhanced if they link all the multidimensional clinical and laboratory information of each case, which is accomplished, optimally, using systematic and standardized operating procedures, and in the framework of multidisciplinary teams with the support of a flexible and user-friendly database system that facilitates the sharing of information of all the teams in the network. We describe a biobanking system that is a platform for discovery research at the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research at the University of Pennsylvania.
Risk Modeling, Assessment, And Management (1999)

Integrates the art and science of risk analysis. Clearly shows how to quantify risk and construct probability in conjunction with real-world decision-making problems, including a host of institutional, organizational, political, and cultural considerations. Presents basic concepts as well as advanced material, avoiding higher mathematics whenever possible. Incorporates numerous examples and case studies to illustrate the analytical methods under discussion. An accompanying web site will offer 200 example problems and case studies.
Visibility of surgical site marking after preoperative skin preparation. (2008)

Skin preparation with Chloraprep erased more surgical site markings than did Duraprep.
Characterization of imatinib metabolites in rat and human liver microsomes: differentiation of hydroxylation from <i>N</i> ‐oxidation by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (2009)

In vitro metabolism of imatinib was investigated in rat and human liver microsomes. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) was applied in differentiating hydroxyl metabolites from N-oxides of imatinib because N-oxides are known to undergo deoxygenation during APCI. In addition, the major oxidative metabolite (M9, N-oxidation on the piperazine ring) was observed to undergo in-source fragmentation by elimination of formaldehyde. This fragment ion resulted from Meisenheimer rearrangement with migration of the N-methyl group to the corresponding N-methoxyl piperazine, followed by elimination of formaldehyde due to thermal energy activation at the vaporizer of APCI source. The presence of this fragment ion distinguished not only N-oxide from isomeric hydroxylated metabolite, but also unambiguously indicated that oxidation occurred on the N-4 of the piperazine ring where the methyl group was attached.
Compression of unfocused plenoptic images using a displacement intra prediction (2016)

Plenoptic images are one type of light field contents produced by using a combination of a conventional camera and an additional optical component in the form of microlens arrays, which are positioned in front of the image sensor surface. This camera setup can capture a sub-sampling of the light field with high spatial fidelity over a small range, and with a more coarsely sampled angle range. The earliest applications that leverage on the plenoptic image content is image refocusing, non-linear distribution of out-of-focus areas, SNR vs. resolution trade-offs, and 3D-image creation. All functionalities are provided by using post-processing methods. In this work, we evaluate a compression method that we previously proposed for a different type of plenoptic image (focused or plenoptic camera 2.0 contents) than the unfocused or plenoptic camera 1.0 that is used in this Grand Challenge. The method is an extension of the state-of-the-art video compression standard HEVC where we have brought the capability of bi-directional inter-frame prediction into the spatial prediction. The method is evaluated according to the scheme set out by the Grand Challenge, and the results show a high compression efficiency compared with JPEG, i.e., up to 6 dB improvements for the tested images.
Criteria-based alarm flood pattern recognition using historical data from automated production systems (aPS) (2015)

The operation of industrial automated production systems (aPS) usually requires human operators that observe and, if necessary, intervene to keep aPS in steady operation. Inside the distributed control system (DCS) of an aPS, notifications are generated by an alarm management system (AMS) and visualized, informing operators about critical aPS situations, e.g. faults of a device. Since a huge number of notifications are usually configured inside the AMS, operators nowadays often face the problem of receiving more notifications than they can physically address. This paper proposes an approach, which allows automatic identification of alarm floods by using criteria-based search strategies. In order to address the problem statement, four hypotheses are stated. To evaluate the proposed algorithm regarding its ability to identify causally dependent notifications, historical notification logs of real industrial aPS are analyzed. For this purpose, notification logs of eight existing industrial aPS as well as the assessment of industrial experts are taken into account.
Bryozoan and barnacle settlement in relation to initial surface wettability: a comparison of laboratory and field studies (1989)

The hypothesis that surface chemistry, specifically initial wettability, can be a determinant in settlement of estuarine macroinvertebrate larvae was tested. Of additional interest was how well laboratory settlement tests would predict results obtained in the field. Initial surface wettability has an effect on settlement of barnacle and bryozoan larvae in the laboratory and in the field. The relationship between wettability and settlement in the laboratory and in the field is opposite for the two species. Barnacles settle in higher percentage on surfaces with higher initial wettability. Bryozoans settle in higher percentage on surfaces with lower initial wettability. At intermediate levels of wettability, both species of larvae settle. Surfaces exposed to sea water did not change wettability measurably in 6 days. Settlement of barnacles and bryozoans was inversely correlated (R = -0.94). These studies demonstrate that surface chemistry can play a significant role in determining the distribution and abundance of barnacles and bryozoans.