gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invited Review: Summary of Steam-Flaking Corn or Sorghum Grain for Lactating Dairy Cows (1999)

Nineteen lactation trials (43 grain processing comparisons) are summarized, in addition to digestibility and postabsorptive metabolism studies. The net energy for lactation (NEL) of steam-flaked corn or sorghum grain is about 20% greater than the NEL for dry-rolled corn or sorghum. Based on lactational performance, steam-flaked sorghum grain is of equal value to steam-flaked corn, and steam-flaked corn is superior to steam-rolled corn. Steam-flaking of corn or sorghum compared to steam-rolling of corn or dry-rolling of corn or sorghum consistently improves milk production and milk protein yield. This result is because of a much greater proportion of dietary starch fermented in the rumen, enhanced digestibility of the smaller fraction of dietary starch reaching the small intestine, and increased total starch digestion. Steam-flaking increases cycling of urea to the gut, microbial protein flow to the small intestine, and estimated mammary uptake of amino acids. Steam-rolling compared to dry-rolling of barley or wheat did not alter total starch digestibilities in two trials, one with each grain source. Lactation studies with these processing comparisons have not been reported. Most cited studies have been with total mixed rations (TMR) and alfalfa hay as the principal forage. Additional studies are needed with lactating cows fed steam-flaked corn or sorghum in TMR containing alfalfa or corn silage. Optimal flake density of steam-processed corn or sorghum grain appears to be about 360 g/L (approximately 28 lb/bu).
Latest Developments in Microfluidic Cell Biology and Analysis Systems (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTLatest Developments in Microfluidic Cell Biology and Analysis SystemsGeorgette B. Salieb-Beugelaar†‡, Giuseppina Simone†, Arun Arora†, Anja Philippi†, and Andreas Manz*†§∥View Author Information KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/BIOS/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwig-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, and IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology.‡Twente University.§FRIAS Freiburg.∥IMTEK Freiburg.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 12, 4848–4864Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2010Publication History Published online12 May 2010Published inissue 15 June 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac1009707https://doi.org/10.1021/ac1009707review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7531Altmetric-Citations185LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Biotechnology,Cells,Electrochemical cells,Fluid dynamics Get e-Alerts
Inactivation of the Cullin (CUL)-RING E3 ligase by the NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 triggers protective autophagy in cancer cells (2012)

The multiunit Cullin (CUL)-RING E3 ligase (CRL) controls diverse biological processes by targeting a mass of substrates for ubiquitination and degradation, whereas its dysfunction causes carcinogenesis. Post-translational neddylation of CUL, a process triggered by the NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 subunit 1 (NAE1), is required for CRL activation. Recently, MLN4924 was discovered via a high-throughput screen as a specific NAE1 inhibitor and first-in-class anticancer drug. By blocking CUL neddylation, MLN4924 inactivates CRL and causes the accumulation of CRL substrates that trigger cell cycle arrest, senescence and/or apoptosis to suppress the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we found that MLN4924 also triggers protective autophagy in response to CRL inactivation. MLN4924-induced autophagy is attributed partially to the inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (also known as mammalian target of rapamycin, MTOR) activity by the accumulation of the MTOR inhibitory protein DEPTOR, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. Moreover, the blockage of autophagy response enhances apoptosis in MLN4924-treated cells. Together, our findings not only reveal autophagy as a novel cellular response to CRL inactivation by MLN4924, but also provide a piece of proof-of-concept evidence for the combination of MLN4924 with autophagy inhibitors to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Simplified ASE correction algorithm for variable gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2009)

We demonstrate a simplified algorithm to manifest the contribution of amplified spontaneous emission in variable gain-flattened Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The detected signal power at the input and output ports of EDFA comprises of both signal and noise. The generated amplified spontaneous emission from EDFA cannot be differentiated by photodetector which leads to underestimation of the targeted gain value. This gain penalty must be taken into consideration in order to obtain the accurate gain level. By taking the average gain penalty within the dynamic gain range, the targeted output power is set higher than the desired level. Thus, the errors are significantly reduced to less than 0.15 dB from 15 dB to 30 dB desired gain values.
Alcohol intake and breast cancer risk: effect of exposure from 15 years of age. (1995)

Research regarding the relationship between alcohol intake and breast cancer risk has suggested an association between the two, although the data are inconsistent regarding dose effects and susceptible populations. To clarify these issues, we investigated the association of breast cancer risk with alcohol intake at various ages in a population-based case-control study nested within a screening cohort in Sweden. Subjects were women 40-75 years old who participated in a screening program in central Sweden. Information about personal characteristics, diet, and alcohol intake was obtained by a questionnaire sent out at the invitation to the screening interview and at a supplementary interview conducted among a sample of women who did and did not develop breast cancer. Alcohol intake did not affect breast cancer risk among women under 50 years old. However, among those over 50 years of age, ever-drinking conferred a relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.6). Current and former drinkers had similar increases in risk. No particular latent period of alcohol effect was identified, but drinking later in life to have a bigger effect than did drinking earlier in life.
Spherical Piecewise Constant Basis Functions for All-Frequency Precomputed Radiance Transfer (2008)

This paper presents a novel basis function, called spherical piecewise constant basis function (SPCBF), for precomputed radiance transfer. SPCBFs have several desirable properties: rotatability, ability to represent all-frequency signals, and support for efficient multiple product. By smartly partitioning the illumination sphere into a set of subregions, and associating each subregion with an SPCBF valued 1 inside the region and 0 elsewhere, we precompute the light coefficients using the resulting SPCBFs. Efficient rotation of the light representation in SPCBFs is achieved by rotating the domain of SPCBFs. We run-time approximate the BRDF and visibility coefficients using the set of SPCBFs for light, possibly rotated, through fast lookup of summed-area-table (SAT) and visibility distance table (VDT), respectively. SPCBFs enable new effects such as object rotation in all-frequency rendering of dynamic scenes and on-the-fly BRDF editing under rotating environment lighting. With graphics hardware acceleration, our method achieves real-time frame rates.
Effects of glycerol monosterate on TPUs crystallization and its foaming behavior (2014)

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) containing 0-2 wt% glycerol monosterate (GMS) were compounded by a twin screw compounder and then foamed using a batch process and n-butane. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-pressure DSC were performed to evaluate the effects of GMS and pressurized butane on the crystallization kinetics of TPU. The results showed that the synergistic effect of GMS and high pressure butane significantly promoted hard segment (HS) crystallization in the TPU-GMS samples. The TPU-GMS samples showed significant increase in crystallinity over a wide range of saturation temperatures in the presence of butane compared to neat melt-compounded TPU (PR-TPU). Comparing the foam characteristics of PR-TPU and TPU-GMS samples, it was observed that both samples exhibited microcellular morphology with high cell density over a wide range of processing temperatures of 150°C - 170°C. However at a high foaming temperature (170°C), PR-TPU foams showed high cell coalescence compared to TPU-GMS. Furthermore, TPU-GMS samples showed a much higher expansion ratio compared to PR-TPU over a wide range of processing temperatures. The lubricating effect of GMS assisted the HS to stack together and form crystalline domains. These HS crystalline domains are present at high temperature acting both as a heterogeneous nucleating sites as well as reinforcement leading to the observed microcellular morphology with a high expansion ratio in TPU-GMS samples.
A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 2-Alkylquinolines through [3 + 3] Annulation between 3-Ethoxycyclobutanones and Aromatic Amines at Room Temperature (2011)

An efficient single-step approach toward the synthesis of 2-alkylquinolines is described. Through a Lewis acid mediated [3+3] annulation reaction between 3-ethoxycyclobutanones and aromatic amines, a variety of multisubstituted 2-alkylquinoline derivatives were prepared regioselectively at room temperature.
Bioactive new bitter-tasting p-hydroxystyrene glycoside and other constituents from the fern Elaphoglossum spathulatum (2003)

Two bitter-tasting compounds were isolated from an Argentine collection of Elaphoglossum spathulatum, a new p-hydroxystyrene glycoside that we named elaphoside-A, and naringin. Structure elucidation of the new compound was carried out on the basis of extensive twodimensional 600 MHz NMR analyses, as well as high resolution-mass spectrometry and chemical degradation and derivatization. Moreover, we report herein the isolation of the hopanoid diploptene, stigmasterol, -sitosterol, ergost-5-en-3-ol, phytol, aspidinol, desaspidinol, vitamin E, neophytadiene, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2pentadecanone. In addition, we evaluated the alimentary and ovipositional response of Ceratitis capitata to the extracts and pure compounds of E. spathulatum. The new styrene glycoside produced severe disturbance in the ovipositional behavior of this pest insect.
Epimerization of esters of stereoisomeric 8-ergolinecarboxylic acids on carbon C(8) (1983)

Esters of 8β-ergolinecarboxylic acids, I-XI , exposed to strong bases, such as lithium diisopropylamide, in polar aprotic solvents gave enolates, which were decomposed by suitable proton donors to a mixture of epimers. This contained, apart from the starting 8β-esters, the corresponding 8α-esters, Ia-IVa and VIa-XIa (65-80%) and Va (about 16%). Exposure of 8α-ester XIIa to these conditions produced epimerization on C (8) (about 54%) and, to a small extent, isomerization on C (10) , affording ester I ( c . 1%) and Ia ( c . 5%).
Rate and Synchrony of Seed Germination Influence Growth of Hydroponic Lettuce (1999)

The effect of seed germination rate, or of seedling emergence rate, was studied in relation to subsequent plant growth of `Cortina' lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Seedling growth response to selection by time of germination was assessed by imbibing seeds at 5 °C to increase the time range for germination. Germinated seeds were removed daily and transferred to “slants” (germination paper held at 20° from vertical) at 15 °C. Five days after each transfer, root and hypocotyl lengths were measured. As days required for germination increased, root lengths decreased and hypocotyl lengths increased, resulting in no change in total seedling length. The relation between rate of seedling emergence from raw or pelleted seeds of the same lot and shoot fresh weight was examined using commercially practiced hydroponic techniques. Shoot fresh weight at 10 and 21 days after planting was related inversely and linearly to the day of emergence for both seed treatments. In the same study, the coefficient of variation of shoot fresh weight was positively related to time of seedling emergence only at 10 days. Germinated seeds were selected after 1 and 2 days of imbibition; subsequent seedling emergence rate and shoot fresh weight at 25 days were recorded. First-day germinated seeds had faster and more synchronous emergence, and produced heavier and more uniform shoots. Discarding slow-to-germinate seeds should enhance seedling emergence and growth.
Trends in reservoir management (1992)

More than three-quarters of current additions to the world's oil reserves comes from better management of existing reservoirs. Less than one-quarter comes from discovery of new oil. If recovery is being better optimized now than in years past, at least four factors could claim credit. First is the oil companies' clear vision that a cross-disciplinary approach must prevail. Second is dramatic innovation in interwell measurements, notably three-dimensional (3D) seismics. The third factor is increasing computer power, which has made possible the disciplines of geostatistics and reservoir simulation. The fourth factor is horizontal well technology, which changes all the rules about producing from both simple and complex structures. A broad picture, outlining the new directions being forged by an industry challenged to produce more for less, is painted. 53 refs., 21 figs.
3D mesh connection techniques applied to movement simulation (1998)

Some methods to link independent meshes, in an edge element based magnetic vector potential formulation, are considered. Linking independent meshes is particularly useful for the movement simulation of devices such as electric machines. The first method is based on Lagrange multipliers, which consists of adding a new functional to ensure the physical continuities. The second method is a new approach, based on interpolation of independent meshes by expressing the edge degree of freedom (DOF) of the moving mesh by the DOF's of fixed mesh. Numerical examples are presented in order to show the ability and the limits of the presented techniques.
Mechanism of the Ullmann Condensation<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Ullmann Condensation1Harold WeingartenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 12, 3624–3626Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01035a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01035a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2714Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Interferon-α Delays Viral Replication and Reduces Disease Signs in Swine Challenged with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2009)

In this study, pigs were injected with a nonreplicating human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing porcine interferon-alpha (Ad5-pIFN-alpha) and then challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to determine whether the presence of increased levels of IFN-alpha would decrease viral replication and/or disease. Groups of 10 pigs each were inoculated with Ad5-pIFN-alpha and not challenged, Ad5-pIFN-alpha and challenged with PRRSV 1 d later, or inoculated with a control adenovirus that does not express IFN-alpha (Ad5-null) and challenged 1 d later with PRRSV. IFN-alpha levels in all pigs inoculated with the Ad5-pIFN-alpha were elevated the day of challenge (1 d after inoculation), but were undetectable by 3 d after inoculation in the pigs that were not challenged with PRRSV. Pigs inoculated with Ad5-pIFN-alpha and challenged with PRRSV had lower febrile responses, a decreased percentage of lung involvement at 10 d post-infection, delayed viremia and antibody response, and higher serum IFN-alpha levels as a result of PRRSV infection, compared to pigs inoculated with Ad5-null and challenged with PRRSV. These results indicate that IFN-alpha can have protective effects if present during the time of infection with PRRSV.
Attachment of the Yeast <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> Is Mediated by Adhesives Localized at Sites of Bud Cell Development (1999)

The basidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides (anamorph, Rhodotorula glutinis) is a common phylloplane epiphyte with biocontrol potential. To understand how R. toruloides adheres to plant surfaces, we obtained nonadherent fungal mutants after chemical mutagenesis with methane-sulfonic acid ethyl ester. Sixteen attachment-minus (Att-) mutants were identified by three methods: (i) screening capsule-minus colonies for loss of adhesive ability; (ii) enrichment for mutants unable to attach to polystyrene; and (iii) selection for reduced fluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate-concanavalin A (Con A)-stained cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. None of the 16 mutants attached to polystyrene or barley leaves. The lectin Con A eliminated adhesion in all of the wild-type isolates tested. Hapten competition assays indicated that Con A bound to mannose residues on the cell surface. Adhesion of wild-type R. toruloides was transient; nonadhesive cells subsequently became adhesive, with bud development. All Att- mutants and nonattaching wild-type cells lacked polar regions that stained intensely with fluorescein isothiocyanate-Con A and India ink. Lectin, enzyme, and chemical treatments showed that the polar regions consisted of alkali-soluble materials, including mannose residues. Tunicamycin treatment reduced wild-type adhesion, indicating that the mannose residues could be associated with glycoproteins. We concluded that compounds, including mannose residues, that are localized at sites of bud development mediate adhesion of R. toruloides to both polystyrene and barley leaf surfaces.
Effect of heat on aflatoxins in oilseed meals (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of heat on aflatoxins in oilseed mealsGodfrey E. Mann, L. P. Codifer, and Frank G. DollearCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1967, 15, 6, 1090–1092Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60154a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60154a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased expression of geminin stimulates the growth of mammary epithelial cells and is a frequent event in human tumors (2004)

Geminin is a potent inhibitor of origin assembly and re-replication in multicellular eukaryotes and is a negative regulator of DNA replication during the cell cycle. Thus, it was proposed as an inhibitor of cell proliferation and as a potential tumor suppressor gene. However, the protein was found specifically expressed in proliferating lymphocytes and epithelial cells and up-regulated in several malignancies. Therefore, geminin is now regarded as an oncogene but its role in tumor development remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated by Western blot analysis the expression of geminin in a series of human cancer cell lines of various histogenetic origin and in a series of human primary colon, rectal, and breast cancers. Expression of geminin was variable in different cell lines and not related to the expression level of the corresponding mRNA. Moreover, geminin was expressed at higher level in 56% and 58% of colon and rectal cancers, respectively, compared with the corresponding adjacent normal mucosa. A high expression of geminin was also detected by immunohistochemistry in 60% of human primary breast cancers. We also transfected a full-length geminin cDNA in a human non-tumorigenic and a cancer breast cell lines and obtained derivatives expressing high levels of the protein. Geminin overexpression stimulated cell cycle progression and proliferation in both normal and cancer cells and increased the anchorage--independent growth of breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that expression of geminin is frequently deregulated in tumor cells and might play an important role in the regulation of cell growth in both normal and malignant cells.