gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HELPING SPEEDERS BEAT THE RADAR RAP (1978)

In recent years, some complications have entered into the use of radar for catching speeders. Since about 1974, when high quality radar detectors first came on the market, there has been a cold war between designers of police radar equipment used by speeding motorists trying to evade being ticketed. For instance, until late 1975, all police radar operated at 10.5-10.55 GHZ (x-brand); therefore, detectors were designed to be sensitive just to this range. Then, 24.05-24.15 GHZ (k-brand) radar was developed, only to be followed by dual-brand detectors. In turn, to get around the use of these detectors as well as the fact that detectors have a wider range (2 miles) then the radar itself (1/2 mile), on/off keyed radar which emit no microwave beam until an approaching vehicle has been visually sighted has been developed. Still another gambit is the deployment along expressways of dummy radar transmitters operating continuously on the police radar frequencies which are (unbeknownst to the motorist with a detector) unattended. This cold war is likely to continue since state and local laws against the use of detectors have not held up in court. From the viewpoint of the law-abiding motorists, there is the problem that radar equipment malfunction and/or inexperience on the part of the operator may lead to incorrect target identification and the ticketing of innocent motorists. Still another problem is the current lack of performance standards for police radar equipment, although this will be eventually rectified as the NHTSA has recently announced that standards will be developed by the NBS Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory.
Dissection of NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase into distinct functional domains. (1994)

NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 and catalyzes the one-electron reduction of many drugs and foreign compounds. This enzyme is a flavoprotein containing the cofactors FMN and FAD, which are essential for its function. We have expressed the putative FMN and FAD/NADPH binding domains of P450 reductase and show that these distinct peptides fold correctly to bind their respective cofactors. The FAD/NADPH domain catalyzed the one-electron reduction of a variety of substrates but did not efficiently reduce cytochrome c or cytochrome P450 (as judged by the oxidation of the CYP1A1 substrate 7-ethoxyresorufin). However, the domains could be combined to provide a functional enzyme active in the reduction of cytochrome c and in transferring electrons to cytochrome P450. Both the reconstitution of the domains and the direct binding of cytochrome c to the FMN domain were ionic-strength dependent. The FMN domain containing the hydrophobic membrane anchor sequence was a potent inhibitor of reconstituted monooxygenase activity. These data strongly support the hypothesis that FMN/FAD-containing proteins have evolved as a fusion of two ancestral genes and provide fundamental insights into how this and structurally related proteins, such as nitric oxide synthase and sulfite reductase, have evolved and function.
Isotope effects in low-pressure Hg<i>–</i>rare-gas discharges (1986)

Measurements of the Hg (253.7 nm) output (${P}_{\mathrm{uv}}$) and output per arc watt (${P}_{\mathrm{uv}}$/${P}_{W}$) as a function of $^{196}\mathrm{Hg}$ concentration in a low-pressure Hg-Ar electrical discharge are reported. A peak increase of 7.9% and 6.8% for ${P}_{\mathrm{uv}}$ and ${P}_{\mathrm{u}\mathrm{v}/\mathrm{PW}}$, respectively, has been found at 2.6 wt. % $^{196}\mathrm{Hg}$. A modified Holstein-Biberman formalism that takes into account emission and absorption line shapes, energy transfer between Hg isotopes, rare-gas hyperfine mixing, and overlap between different isotopic components has been developed. Based on this formalism the calculated hyperfine structure (hfs) of the Hg(6 $^{3}P_{1}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6 $^{1}S_{0}$) transition is in very good agreement with our measured hfs. Furthermore our calculations predict a saturation in ${P}_{\mathrm{uv}}$ and ${P}_{\mathrm{uv}/{P}_{W}}$ for relatively low $^{196}\mathrm{Hg}$ concentrations. This formalism is applicable to various problems involving resonance radiation transfer in metal-vapor--rare-gas combinations containing more than one isotope.
A sun SPOT based Automatic Vehicular Accident Notification System (2008)

Rapid and timely communication to the appropriate organization is crucial during life threatening events and is especially true for vehicular accidents which may involve crashes, rollovers leading to blasts, etc. Accidents in which a vehicle rolls over account for more than half of all single-vehicle crash deaths. An emergency system for a vehicle would detect and analyze the life threatening event, and, in an automated fashion, notify the emergency medical services (EMS) providers for immediate action. While there are few such systems available, most of them are costly, vehicle specific, requires human intervention, and do not provide information about the environmental condition of the vehicle. This prevents the EMS providers from rushing the required set of aids to the accident site at the earliest. The objective of this work is to develop a general purpose automatic emergency notification system for vehicles using various sensors that will monitor the vehicle and, in the event of a crash, automatically report all possible information (vehicle tilt, temperature, light, speed, location, date and time) to the EMS providers. The design and development although takes into consideration the United States of Americapsilas traffic and network infrastructure; the developed system is free from spatial constraints and may be used universally.
Micromachining of Vias Through Thermal-Sprayed Multilayer Structures Using Ultrafast Lasers (2001)

Abstract Thermal spray is an economical, safe, and efficient technology for material processing and fabrication in which finely divided metallic or nonmetallic surfacing materials are deposited in a molten or semi-molten condition onto a substrate to form a spray deposit pattern. One of the major strengths of thermal spray is its ability to fabricate multilayer structures rapidly, which makes it a promising tool to fabricate multilayer circuits for electronic components. However, to compliment the additive nature of thermal spray, an efficient technique for material removal and modification of the multiplayer circuits is highly desired, which is difficult or impossible by using traditional manufacturing techniques. Laser ablation provides a practical alternative for precise micromachining of thermal-sprayed multilayer samples, especially using femtosecond lasers where materials can be removed through a melting-free mechanism with negligible thermal damage. In the present work, ultrafast laser micromachining is used to fabricate a via to electrically connect the top and bottom conductors in an inductor, which consists of eight thermal-sprayed layers. A 750 μm square via is machined with a femtosecond laser system, and then backfilled with more silver material to connect different conductor layers. This work demonstrates that femtosecond lasers are a promising tool for micromachining and modification of thermal sprayed multilayer structures.
Low loss waveguide on chalcogenide glass using ultrafast laser at low repetition rate (2013)

In this work, we synthesized bulk amorphous GeGaS glass by conventional melt quenching technique. Amorphous nature of the glass is confirmed using X-ray diffraction. We fabricated the channel waveguides on this glass using the ultrafast laser inscription technique. The waveguides are written on this glass 100 μm below the surface of the glass with a separation of 50 μm by focusing the laser beam into the material using 0.67 NA lens. The laser parameters are set to 350 fs pulse duration at 100 KHz repetition rate. A range of writing energies with translation speeds 1 mm/s, 2 mm/s, 3 mm/s and 4 mm/s were investigated. After fabrication the waveguides facets were ground and polished to the optical quality to remove any tapering of the waveguide close to the edges. We characterized the loss measurement by butt coupling method and the mode field image of the waveguides has been captured to compare with the mode field image of fibers. Also we compared the asymmetry in the shape of the waveguide and its photo structural change using Raman spectra.
Natural compounds as potential inhibitors of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) main protease: An in silico study (2020)

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic, a novel coronavirus disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first reported in Wuhan, China and has now expanded to more than 190 countries across the world. Till date, there is no specific medication available to prevent or target SARS CoV-2 infection. Very recently, the crystal structure of COVID- 19 main protease (M pro ) was revealed by Liu et al. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro ) is a key enzyme that plays a crucial role in viral replication and transcription. Thus, M pro could be a promising target to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Natural compounds due to their structural diversity and safety are considered as an excellent source of antiviral drugs. In this study, we selected Herbacetin, Rhoifolin, Pectolinarin, Apigenin, Luteolin, Amentoflavone, Daidzein, Puerarin, Epigallocatechin, Gallocatechin gallate, Resveratrol, Maslinic acid, Piperine and Ganomycin B to target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro ) using in silico tools. These compounds were examined based on ADME, drug likeness, docking studies, MD simulations using CABS-flex 2.0, and prediction of major toxicity parameters (hepatotoxicity & cytotoxicity) to check the safety aspects of the selected compounds. We also investigated the similarity of these compounds, if any, with FDA approved drugs using Swiss similarity. The docking results were found in the order of Amentoflavone (-9.13 kcal/mol), Ritonavir (-8.52 kcal/mol), Lopinavir (-8.5 kcal/mol), Puerarin (-7.97 kcal/mol), Maslinic acid (-7.97 kcal/mol), Piperine (-7.65 kcal/mol), Gallocatechin gallate (-7.59 kcal/mol), Luteolin (-7.58 kcal/mol), Apigenin (-7.42 kcal/mol), Resveratrol (-7.41 kcal/mol), Herbacetin (-7.4 kcal/mol), Daidzein (-7.32 kcal/mol), Rhoifolin (-6.71 kcal/mol), Ganomycin B (-6.46 kcal/mol), Epigallocatechin (-6.13 kcal/mol), and Pectolinarin (-5.88 kcal/mol). Among these selected natural compounds, Amentoflavone and Puerarin were the two top leads which showed the lowest binding energies. Interestingly, Amentoflavone showed highest binding affinity among all the selected compounds. Our promising findings based on in-silico studies warrants further clinical trial in order to use these compounds as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protease.
Determination of reactance loading for circularly polarized circular loop antennas with a uniform traveling-wave current distribution (2005)

A simple theory is presented to predict the lumped reactance loading for circularly polarized circular loop antennas with a uniform traveling-wave current distribution. The reactive load is located on a circular wire loop of one-wavelength circumference at a position of 45/spl deg/ away from the feed point. To achieve a uniform traveling-wave current distribution, the loading reactance and the input impedances of the loaded and unloaded loop antennas need to satisfy certain conditions. First, the input resistance and the input reactance of the unloaded loop antenna should have the same absolute value. Second, the input impedance of the loaded loop must be purely resistive and its value needs to be two times of the input resistance of the unloaded loop. Third, the loading reactance should be chosen to be two times in value and opposite in sense of the input reactance of the unloaded loop. These conditions can be approximately met when the circular loop is placed above a ground plane. The loading reactance is determined from the input impedance of the unloaded loop and is optimized for an optimal performance of circular polarization. It is found that the reactive load must be capacitive and its value depends on the height of the loop above the ground plane and the thickness of the wire. The characteristics of the circular polarization and the input impedance of the capacitance-loaded circular loop antennas are investigated. An experimental example is presented to verify the theoretical prediction.
Printed Media, Hypertext and Chatterbots in Learning (2005)

This paper compares the influence of printed media, hypertext and chatterbots in the learning process of undergraduate business students. It has been found that chatterbots provide better results in terms of learning, especially in regard to the students’ ability to answer discursive questions. The conclusion is that a chatterbot is more effective than hypertext and printed media for educational purposes.
A characterisation of the scattering data in the 3D inverse scattering problem (1987)

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the given function A( theta , theta ,k) to be the scattering amplitude corresponding to a potential from a class Q and a condition is given for Newton's equation to have exactly one solution with the desired properties.
Intelligent Control system based on CAN-bus for car doors and windows (2009)

In this paper, an intelligent control system of car windows and doors based on CAN-bus was introduced. The electrical motor and electronic control module of car windows are connected to the system in the use of serial communication of distributed control and real-time control supported by the use of CAN-bus. CAN-bus can be used in data transmission, sharing or inquiry to achieve the purpose of distributed control. Compared with the traditional manual operation or point-to-point interconnection, the use of CAN-bus technology can reduce wiring significantly, as well as a simple body structure. Therefore, system reliability can be improved and easier to maintain. System also has good portability and scalability. This program has certain applied value in intelligent control and user-friendly design of car power windows.
Optical Experiments with a Magnetically Rotatable Diffraction Grating (1966)

A striped-domain thin magnetic film, when covered by a Bitter colloid, forms a diffraction grating. Because of its possible application in display devices this phenomenon is attracting current interest. The theory of the grating formation is developed, and it is shown that external fields can and do greatly improve the grating configuration and efficiency. Improvements in diffracted light flux efficiency of as much as four to one have been observed.
Extended study of crosstalk in SOI-SIMOX substrates (2002)

This work analyzes crosstalk phenomena in SOI-SIMOX substrates by means of two-dimensional device simulations and measurements on test structures. The influence of the substrate resistivity and of guard rings is studied. The results are compared with those obtained for standard CMOS technology. A significant crosstalk reduction, up to 10 GHz, is obtained with high-resistivity substrates. A simple modeling is proposed to explain and simulate the phenomenon.
Characterization of three monoclonal antibodies (VAK3-5) that identify p24, core protein of human immunodeficiency virus, and its precursors. (1987)

VAK3, VAK4 and VAK5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised by using disrupted purified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as an antigen. These mAbs exclusively reacted with an HIV-infected cell line, H9/HIV, and did not react with human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I or -II infected cell lines. Strip radioimmunoassay based on the Western blotting technique revealed that these mAbs recognize a single band that corresponds to a 24-kd (p24) core protein of HIV when disrupted viruses were used as antigens. When cell lysates of H9/HIV were used as antigens, these mAbs gave two bands with molecular weights of 40 kd (p40) and 57 kd (p57) in addition to p24. VAK5-conjugated Sepharose 4B beads precipitated non-glycosylated proteins, p24, p40 and p57 from [L-35S]methionine-labeled H9/HIV. P57 and p40 appear to be a precursor and an intermediate precursor of p24, respectively. Purified IgG of VAK3 and VAK4, and the serum from an individual infected with HIV inhibited the binding of VAK5 mAb to HIV. These findings suggest that p24 of HIV contains structure(s) with strong antigenicity.
Comparison of Genocides (1999)

A number of scholars have been addressing the problems of genocides and mass murders in modern history; a few have tried to go further back and see whether this type of human behaviour has precedents in previous periods as well.1 To outsiders, the arguments about the definition of genocide may appear arcane, removed from the grim reality they deal with. However, I believe there is a very practical side to the academic discourse on this issue: definitions and descriptions are a first, necessary step to taking preventive measures. It is more likely that such steps produce practical results if the parameters, and therefore questions of liability and responsibility, are defined as clearly as possible.KeywordsKhmer RougeMass MurderArmenian GenocideReligious PersecutionPolish PeopleThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Synthesis of some new exocyclic olefins via phosphonium ylides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some new exocyclic olefins via phosphonium ylidesRam S. Tewari, Komal C. Gupta, and Purshottam S. KendurkarCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1977, 22, 3, 351–352Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/je60074a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (208 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vector Logic: A Natural Algebraic Representation of the Fundamental Logical Gates (2007)

Vector logic is a matrix–vector representation of the logical calculus inspired in neural network models. In this algebraic formalism, the truth values map on orthonormal Q-dimensional vectors, the monadic operations are represented by square matrices, and the dyadic operations produce rectangular matrices that act on the Kronecker product of the vector truth values. In this formalism, the theorems and tautologies of classical logic are demonstrated using the rules of matrix algebra. In the present work, we analyse a three-valued vector logic that adds to the ‘yes’ and ‘no’ vectors, a third ‘uncertain’ vector that represents the truth value corresponding to undecidable propositions. Fuzziness is produced both via linear combinations of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ vectors, and by the supplementary dimension of the logical vector subspace. We describe the basic matrix operators, and we show that for this three-valued vector logic, the modalities ‘possibility’ and ‘necessity’ are simple square matrices instead of infinite recursive processes. Finally, we explore the application of this formalism to represent the complex-valued operatorNOT⁠, and the usefulness of vector logic to understand the powers and limitations of some reversible logical computations.
Principios de la programación física y el fitness: parte II (2008)

El proceso empleado por un Entrenador Personal con vistas a disenar un programa de entrenamiento adecuado para su cliente suele consistir simplemente en rellenar un formulario. Muchos clientes hoy dia necesitan el asesoramiento sobre los cambios deseados para su estilo de vida y que sus programas queden escritos cuidadosamente para asegurarse que lo completan y se adhieren a el en pos de conseguir sus objetivos. Muchos de los programas disenados actualmente suspenderian en este apartado.

Mucha gente toma el paso agigantado hacia un estilo de vida mas saludable para verse demasiado pronto devuelta al sedentarismo y el abandono. En muchos esto se puede evitar si el Entrenador Personal aprovecha sus habilidades ofreciendo al cliente la guia y programacion adecuada para que la motivacion a continuar el ejercicio perviva.

Disenar un programa de entrenamiento es un arte que requiere conocimientos cientificos solidos como respaldo a nuestra experiencia. Como en cualquier arte, poseer las herramientas adecuadas hace el trabajo mucho mas llevadero.

Este capitulo y su segunda parte (ejemplar no46) proveen un paquete de ideas y tecnicas fundamentales para que el Entrenador Personal pueda ofrecer a sus clientes la mejor oportunidad posible hacia el logro de sus objetivos y, ademas, se mantengan activos durante el resto de su vida.
Enhancement of Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxic activity by bovine serum albumin (1994)

Growth of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in RPMI 1640 medium containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 2.5 hours enhanced culture supernatant leukotoxic activity (30,700 +/- 12,900 toxic units/ml, compared with leukotoxic activity of culture supernatants produced in RPMI 1640 medium alone (120 +/- 40 toxic units/ml). Gel filtration chromatography of the leukotoxic activity from RPMI 1640 medium supernatants in buffer containing 50 mM NaCl indicated a single leukotoxic activity peak (peak I) eluting near the gel resin molecular mass exclusion limit (estimated molecular mass of approx 8,000 kd). In contrast, culture supernatants produced in RPMI 1640 plus bovine serum albumin medium (RPMI + BSA) had peak I and 2 additional leukotoxic activity peaks (peaks II and III) with estimated molecular mass of approximately 80 and < 30 kd, respectively. All leukotoxic activity peaks were composed of approximately 100-kd molecular mass leukotoxin protomer, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody against leukotoxin. Subjecting culture supernatant leukotoxic activity produced in RPMI + BSA to gel filtration chromatography in buffer containing 500 mM NaCl or 6M urea resulted in detection of only a single leukotoxic activity peak with estimated approximate molecular mass of 250 and 800 kd, respectively. These findings suggest that P haemolytica exists as a high molecular mass aggregate with low leukotoxic activity which, in the presence of BSA, partially disaggregates to multiple toxin forms with enhanced leukotoxic activity. Some of these leukotoxin forms interact with dextran-based gel resins at low ionic strength.