gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions and optical properties in 〈001〉 (1−x)PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3−xPbTiO3 single crystals (2005)

The effect of a constant electric field (0 < E < 5 kV/cm) on the optical properties of PbZn1/3Nb2/3O3−xPbTiO3 (PZN-xPT) crystals with x = 7 and 9% has been analyzed. It has been shown that, at temperatures close to the temperature of the transition from the rhombohedral [R(X)] phase to the tetragonal (T) phase, two induced phase transitions are observed in the electric field, which are associated with the appearance of new intermediate phases Ma and Mc [R(X)-Ma-Mc-T]. Correlation between these two transitions and the PbTiO3 content x has been found. The E-T phase diagrams have been obtained. The Mc phase in PZN-9PT crystals is found to remain the ground state after the removal of the electric field, whereas the Mc phase in PZN-7PT crystals is metastable and is transformed into the Ma phase after the removal of the electric field.
Gelation Suppression in RAFT Polymerization (2019)

In this article, we extend the understanding of gelation suppression in reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization in systems with long primary chains and high crosslinker content, regimes which have been mostly overlooked to date. Using a model methacrylate system, the gel point, apparent propagation rate constants, and polymer architectures are seen to vary in a systematic fashion. By combining our experimental data with several related studies, we introduce a new phenomenological parameter, the “crosslinking tendency,” that incorporates monomer concentration and excess functionality to universally describe the gelation suppression in both RAFT- and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)-controlled radical polymerization systems. The ability of the crosslinking tendency to quantitatively account for a broad range of RAFT and ATRP systems suggests that factors such as monomer architecture and details of activation/deactivation mechanisms may play only a secondary role in gel-point suppression.
Some financial optimization models: II Financial engineering (1993)

In this chapter we address the use of optimization models in financial engineering. We give this term to the process of creating new packages of old risk attributes. By repackaging and stripping risk attributes from existing instruments the financial engineer improves the marketability of the products and fits the needs of individual investors. Financial engineering also takes a service role in financial operations. For example, in order to obtain an AAA rating on an issue certain properties should hold under both best- and worst-case scenarios. Optimization models could automate the process of analyzing the scenarios.
Tensor factorization using auxiliary information (2012)

Most of the existing analysis methods for tensors (or multi-way arrays) only assume that tensors to be completed are of low rank. However, for example, when they are applied to tensor completion problems, their prediction accuracy tends to be significantly worse when only a limited number of entries are observed. In this paper, we propose to use relationships among data as auxiliary information in addition to the low-rank assumption to improve the quality of tensor decomposition. We introduce two regularization approaches using graph Laplacians induced from the relationships, one for moderately sparse cases and the other for extremely sparse cases. We also give present two kinds of iterative algorithms for approximate solutions: one based on an EM-like algorithms which is stable but not so scalable, and the other based on gradient-based optimization which is applicable to large scale datasets. Numerical experiments on tensor completion using synthetic and benchmark datasets show that the use of auxiliary information improves completion accuracy over the existing methods based only on the low-rank assumption, especially when observations are sparse.
Introduction (1992)

Abstract This book seeks to do three things; first, to formulate a cohesive national history of rural politics during a critical period, while respecting the specificities of regional structures and behaviour; secondly, to establish a different interpretation of the whole period of the Second Republic by placing the rural inhabitants of the mid-19th century France at the centre stage; and lastly, to give new light and perspective to the rural French history by giving comparative and theoretical work as well as case-studies on the field of rural studies. The book also discusses of the electoral geography and political makeup of rural France within a narrative framework.
Synthesis of vanadium dioxide thin films and nanoparticles (2008)

Thin-film materials with 'smart' properties that react to temperature variations, electric or magnetic fields, and/or pressure variations have recently attracted a great deal of attention. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) belongs to this family of 'smart materials' because it exhibits a semiconductor-to-metal first-order phase transition near 340 K, accompanied by an abrupt change in its resistivity and near-infrared transmission. It is also of great interest in condensed-matter physics because it is a classic strongly correlated electron system. In order to integrate vanadium dioxide into microelectronic circuits, thin-film growth of VO2 has been studied extensively, and studies of VO2 nanoparticles have shown that the phase transition is size-dependent. This paper presents a broad overview of the growth techniques that have been used to produce thin films and nanoparticles of VO2, including chemical vapor deposition, sol–gel synthesis, sputter deposition and pulsed laser deposition. Representative deposition techniques are described, and typical thin-film characteristics are presented, with an emphasis on recent results obtained using pulsed laser deposition. The opportunities for growing epitaxial films of VO2, and for doping VO2 films to alter their transition temperature and switching characteristics, are also discussed.
Term Domain Distribution Analysis: a Data Mining Tool for Text Databases (1999)

In this paper, we give a case history illustrating the real-world application of a useful technique for data mining of text databases. The technique, which we call Term Domain Distribution Analysis (TDDA), consists of keeping track of term frequencies for specific finite domains and announcing significant differences from standard frequency distributions over these domains as a hypothesis. TDDA is part of a larger framework, the Digital Filter Model, for data mining of text documents. In the case study presented, the domain of terms was the pair {right, left}, over which we expected a uniform distribution. In analyzing term frequencies in a thoracic lung cancer database, the TDDA technique led to the surprising discovery that primary thoracic lung cancer tumors appear in the right lung more often than the left lung, with a ratio of 3:2. Treating the text discovery as a hypothesis, we verified this relationship against the medical literature in which primary lung tumor sites were reported, using a standard chi 2 statistic. We subsequently developed a working theoretical model of lung cancer that may explain the discovery. This discovery and our model may change how oncologists view the mechanisms of primary lung tumor location.
Anti-müllerian hormone is a promising predictor for the occurrence of the menopausal transition (2004)

The novel marker AMH is a promising predictor for the occurrence of menopausal transition within 4 years. Adding inhibin B improved the prediction. Therefore, AMH alone or in combination with inhibin B may well prove a useful indicator for the reproductive status of an individual woman.
Alkanesulfonate synthesis. I. Ion catalysis of sulfite radical-ion addition to olefins (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkanesulfonate synthesis. I. Ion catalysis of sulfite radical-ion addition to olefinsCharles J. Norton, Ned F. Seppi, and Michael J. ReuterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 11, 4158–4165Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01275a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (964 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-4 and IFN-gamma increase steady state levels of polymeric Ig receptor mRNA in human airway and intestinal epithelial cells. (1999)

Delivery of IgA to the mucosal surface occurs via transcytosis of polymeric IgA (pIgA) across the epithelium, a process mediated by the pIgR. Several factors increase pIgR expression in human epithelial cells, including IL-4 and IFN-gamma. Using an RNase protection assay, we found that IL-4 and IFN-gamma increase steady state levels of pIgR mRNA in both human intestinal (HT29) and airway (Calu-3) epithelial cells. Time course studies in HT29 clone 19A cells showed that with each cytokine alone and with both together: 1) there was a significant lag before mRNA levels increased; 2) maximal levels were not reached until 48-72 h after the addition of cytokines; 3) mRNA levels remained elevated in the continued presence of cytokines; and 4) addition of actinomycin D or removal of cytokines led to decreases in mRNA levels with a half-life of approximately 20-28 h. Cytokine-dependent increases in steady state levels of pIgR mRNA were inhibited by cycloheximide and by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C or cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. Both IFN-gamma and IL-4 increased expression of the inducible transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), but levels of IRF-1 only weakly correlated with levels of pIgR mRNA, suggesting that additional transcription factors are required. These studies provide additional insights into the mechanisms by which cytokines regulate expression of the pIgR, a central player in mucosal immunity.
An efficient semisynthesis of 7-deoxypaclitaxel from taxine (1998)

Highly cytotoxic 7-deoxypaclitaxel analogues are obtained by a semisynthesis starting from taxine-the most abundant naturally occurring taxane diterpene fraction.
Exhaustive Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems through Exploration of the Hypothesis Space (2011)

We formulate DES diagnosis as the problem of finding preferred candidates in a space of hypotheses. This formulation allows us to compute an exhaustive diagnosis by solving a series of simple problems, called “diagnosis tests”, which consist in finding a candidate in a set of hypotheses. In this way, we can avoid enumerating all explanations of the observation. Experiments on alarm data generated by power networks show that this approach is promising to monitor large
High efficiency germanium-assisted grating coupler (2014)

We propose a fiber to submicron silicon waveguide vertical coupler utilizing germanium-on-silicon gratings. The germanium is epitaxially grown on silicon in the same step for building photodetectors. Coupling efficiency based on FDTD simulation is 76% at 1.55 µm and the optical 1dB bandwidth is 40 nm.
Interference with Cardiac Pacemakers by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Are There Irreversible Changes at 0.5 Tesla? (2001)

The safety and feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with cardiac pacemakers is an issue of gaining significance. The effect of MRI on patients' pacemaker systems has only been analyzed retrospectively in some case reports. Therefore, this study prospectively investigated if MRI causes irreversible changes in patients' pacemaker systems. The effect of MRI at 0.5 Tesla on sensing and stimulation thresholds, lead impedance and battery voltage, current, and impedance was estimated during 34 MRI examinations in 32 patients with implanted pacemakers. After measurements at baseline and with documentation of intrinsic rhythm and modification of the pacing mode, patients underwent MRI. The rest of the function time of the pacemaker was calculated. Measurements were again performed after 99.5 +/- 29.6 minutes (mean +/- SD), immediately after MRI examination, and 3 months later. Lead impedance and sensing and stimulation thresholds did not change after MRI. Battery voltage decreased immediately after MRI and recovered 3 months later. Battery current and impedance tended to increase. The calculated rest of function time did not change immediately after MRI. MRI affected neither pacemaker programmed data, nor the ability to interrogate, program, or use telemetry. Surprisingly, in the gantry of the scanner, temporary deactivation of the reed switch occurred in 12 of 32 patients when positioned in the center of the magnetic field. Missing activation of the reed switch through the static magnetic field at 0.5 Tesla is not unusual. MRI at 0.5 Tesla does not cause irreversible changes in patients' pacemaker systems.
Empirical Selection of Psychosocial Treatment Targets for Children and Adolescents with Diabetes (1993)

Used an empirical approach to determine psychosocial variables related to optimal metabolic control of diabetes in two samples (total n = 56) of children and their families. Children and adolescents classified as either in optimal or nonoptimal control of diabetes (based on glycosylated hemoglobin results) completed self-report measures on variables of anxiety, coping, family environment and health locus of control, and a structured interview. Parents completed parallel self-report measures and a child behavior checklist. Children in optimal control of diabetes had more structured and controlling family environments, and more frequently believed that "powerful others" were responsible for their health. There was a marginally significant difference in knowledge, with children in poorer metabolic control showing better knowledge about diabetes and its management than children in optimal control. The study illustrates an empirical approach to the selection of psychosocial treatment targets for children with diabetes, and underscores the importance of parental involvement with the diabetes regimen to ensure optimal control of diabetes in both children and adolescents.
First use of cultured human urothelial cells for biocompatibility assessment: Application to urinary catheters (1998)

For several years, studies performed to estimate in vitro biocompatibility of urinary catheters have been carried out using permanent cell lines. But for a rational design of the testing procedure, the cell culture model should relate to the material application. This work presents the results of a probe study designed to obtain an in vitro model of normal human urothelial cells (HUC) and to test the relevance of this system in cytocompatibility experiments of urinary catheters currently used.A comparison is made with continuous cell lines, the use of which is recommended by normalization bodies. We exposed monolayers of HUC (well characterized for their proliferation, qualitative evaluation, and quantitative measurement of cytokeratins) and two continuous human cell lines to liquid extracts (either pure or diluted in the culture medium) of nine available catheters, including positive (latex) and negative controls, for a 24 h incubation. Then colorimetric assays (Neutral Red and MTT) were performed. The extracts of two polyurethanes provoked a significant toxic effect on HUC only, suggesting differences in sensitivity between the models used. This effect could be due to the presence of a great amount of barium (used as a radioopacifier) in extracts, as highlighted by results of absorption emission spectroscopy. A culture model of HUC may be of relevance for the screening of materials intended for urological practice.
RF Characterization of an Integrated Microwave Photonic Circuit for Self-Interference Cancellation (2017)

We perform a full radio frequency (RF) characterization of the first integrated microwave photonic interference canceller. The photonic integrated circuit is one of the first to possess only RF inputs and outputs, with monolithically integrated optical sources and detectors. The characterization is important to developing an in-depth understanding of the integrated circuit's effect on RF receivers. We characterize the circuit's gain, noise figure, input intercept point, 1-dB compression point, and spurious-free dynamic range as functions of on-chip device bias points and frequency up to 6 GHz. We find that the circuit's RF properties are almost exclusively determined by the directly modulated laser. Link gain is primarily driven by the laser slope efficiency. The noise figure is dominated by signal attenuation and laser relative intensity noise. The circuit nonlinearity is the third-order intermodulation product limited. With the exception of link gain, all properties improved with increasing laser bias, saturating at 30 mA. Meanwhile, all properties degraded with increasing frequency. External optical feedback from the reflections off of waveguide transitions in the monolithic circuit created operating points of high noise figure and low gain, and should be avoided during operation. The circuit can be improved by implementing a balanced link architecture to suppress the laser relative intensity noise and using external modulators to improve the link linearity and bandwidth.
M-Cell Surface β1 Integrin Expression and Invasin-Mediated Targeting of <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> to Mouse Peyer’s Patch M Cells (1998)

Quantitative analysis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection of murine gut loops revealed that significantly more wild-type bacteria associated with Peyer's patch M cells than with dome enterocytes or goblet cells. An invasin-deficient mutant was significantly attenuated for M-cell invasion, while beta1 integrin expression was demonstrated in the apical membranes of M cells but not enterocytes. M-cell targeting by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in vivo may, therefore, be mediated primarily by the interaction of invasin with cell surface beta1 integrins.
C1qR<sub>p</sub>defines a new human stem cell population with hematopoietic and hepatic potential (2002)

The characterization of two distinct classes of hematopoietic stem cells based on CD34 expression and the ability of human bone marrow (BM) cells to differentiate into nonhematopoietic cells introduced new levels of complexity within the stem cell compartment. Here we report the identification and purification of a rare human stem cell population with hematopoietic and hepatic potential based on the expression of a receptor for the complement molecule C1q (C1qR(p)). We show that C1qR(p) is a positive marker of all BM-repopulating stem cells because it is expressed on both CD34(-) and CD34(+) stem cells from umbilical cord blood and adult BM. In addition, we show that highly purified lineage-negative CD45(+)CD38(-)CD34(+or-)C1qR(p)(+) cells not only have BM-repopulating capacity but also can differentiate into human hepatocytes in vivo. The identification of human hepatocytes in mouse livers indicates that the NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient) mouse model can be a valuable tool to study the differentiation potential of adult human stem cells. These findings may have important scientific and clinical implications in the field of human stem cell biology and transplantation.
LipL46 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein expressed during leptospiral dissemination in the mammalian host (2006)

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by invasive spirochaetes belonging to the genus Leptospira. Pathogenic leptospires disseminate via the bloodstream to colonize the renal tubules of reservoir hosts. Little is known about leptospiral outer-membrane proteins expressed during the dissemination stage of infection. In this study, a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein is described; it has been designated LipL46 to distinguish it from a previously described 31 kDa peripheral membrane protein, P31(LipL45), which is exported as a 45 kDa probable lipoprotein. The lipL46 gene encodes a 412 aa polypeptide with a 21 aa signal peptide. Lipid modification of cysteine at the lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site FSISC is supported by the finding that Leptospira interrogans intrinsically labels LipL46 during incubation in medium containing [(14)C]palmitate. LipL46 appears to be exported to the leptospiral outer membrane as a 46 kDa lipoprotein, based on Triton X-114 solubilization and phase partitioning studies, which included the outer and inner membrane controls LipL32 and LipL31, respectively. Surface immunoprecipitation and whole-cell ELISA experiments indicate that LipL46 is exposed on the leptospiral surface. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated expression of LipL46 by leptospires found in the bloodstream of acutely infected hamsters. Leptospires expressing LipL46 were also found in the intercellular spaces of the liver, within splenic phagocytes, and invading the glomerular hilum of the kidney. Infection-associated expression is supported by the finding that LipL46 is a major antigen recognized by sera from infected hamsters. These findings indicate that LipL46 may be important in leptospiral dissemination, and that it may serve as a useful serodiagnostic antigen.
Double diffusion in agarose: precipitin lines which are not the result of antigen--antigody reactions. (1969)

Precipitin lines were observed in double diffusion tests between mouse gut tissue homogenates and serum from the same animal. Other tissues failed to produce this result. The line-forming components of the tissue are lipoidal while serum reactants are free of lipid. Purified γ-globulin, IgG, does not react with tissue constituents. An IgM component can be identified as one reactant. Lipopolysaccharides extracted from E. coli 014, Forssman antigen and Kidd—Friedewald antigen could not be demonstrated as reactants. It appears that certain tissue components which may be lipoproteins, and lipid free serum components, one of which is IgM, react in a way which resembles immunological interactions but which are believed not to be so.
Improving end-to-end performance of TCP using link-layer retransmissions over mobile internetworks (2003)

TCP does not perform well in networks with high packet error rates, such as those with wireless links, since TCP assumes network congestion to be the major cause for packet losses. Wireless losses make TCP unnecessarily initiate its congestion control mechanism which results in poor performance in the form of low throughput and high interactive delay. We investigate, through computer simulations, the end-to-end effects of link-layer retransmissions on TCP Reno over a low-data-rate wireless link. Our results show that, by using the more effective selective-reject ARQ at the link layer, the problem of competitive retransmissions between TCP and link layer is much less serious than previously reported. We show that a non-sequencing link layer in combination with fragmentations of datagrams at the base stations and mobile hosts can be employed without significantly degrading TCP performance. We propose link-layer modifications for best-effort retransmissions to reduce possible adverse effect of link-layer resets on TCP.