gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential bisubstrate inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Design and synthesis of functionalized imidazoles (2007)

A novel series of compounds, derived from 2,5-functionalized imidazoles, have been synthesized as potential bisubstrate inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) using structure-based design. These compounds have a 1,4-diacid chain and a tripeptide connected by an imidazole ring. The synthetic strategy relies on the functionalization at the C-2 position of the heterocycle with the diacid side chain and peptide coupling at the C-5 position. Several new compounds were synthesized in good yields. Kinetic experiments on the most active compounds revealed different binding modes depending on the diacid chain length.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CIRCULATING SUPPRESSOR T LYMPHOCYTES IN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (1987)

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 21 bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients and normal controls were studied for surface expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and classic T cell markers, including Leu 2, Leu 3, and Leu 4. Although resting T cells from normal subjects did not express HLA-DR or HLA-DQ molecules, up to 86% (range 22-86%) of T cells from BMT recipients expressed HLA-DR. Interestingly, less than or equal to 8% of the cells expressed HLA-DQ, and less than or equal to 3% had receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2). When T lymphocytes were harvested from BMT recipients one month postransplant, they failed to produce IL-2 constitutively or after stimulation with various mitogens. Further analysis of patient cells revealed that 20-67% of their T lymphocytes were positive for both Leu 2 and Leu 15 (2+, 15+; normal range = 5-8%). Since 2+, 15+ cells from normal subjects have potent suppressor activity, we tested whether the cells from BMT recipients would suppress production of IL-2 from normal cells. In coculture studies, we found that cells from 5/5 BMT patients suppressed normal IL-2 production up to 70%. If patient cells were irradiated (3000 rads) prior to coculture, suppressor activity was abrogated. We propose that the cells described here may play a prominent role in the slow recovery of the immune system in BMT recipients.
Multistate optical memory based on serially interconnected lasers (2005)

A multistate optical memory based on serially interconnected lasers is presented. We show that only one of the lasers can lase at a time, thus, the state of the optical memory is determined by the wavelength of the dominant laser. The light from the dominant laser suppresses its neighboring lasers through gain saturation, but still receives amplification by the active element of the suppressed lasers, compensating for coupling losses. This light passes through each of the successive lasers, simultaneously suppressing and being amplified. By this mechanism, all other lasers are suppressed. A five-state optical memory based on this concept is experimentally demonstrated. The contrast ratio between different states is over 30 dB. Dynamic flip-flop operation based on two different all-optical switching methods is also demonstrated.
The molecular assembly and organization of signaling active B‐cell receptor oligomers (2009)

In B cells, antigen drives the formation of B-cell receptor (BCR) clusters that initiate the formation of signaling complexes associated with the cytoplasmic domains of the BCRs. These signaling active complexes contain a number of protein and lipid kinases and phosphatases and adapter and scaffolding proteins that together function to trigger downstream signaling cascades leading to the activation of a variety of genes associated with B-cell activation. Although we are learning a considerable amount about the molecular details of the assembly of immune receptor signaling complexes, as reviewed in this volume, a fundamental question remains, namely how does antigen binding outside the cell initiate the assembly of signaling complexes inside the cell. For B cells, we do not yet understand how the information that the ectodomain of the BCR has bound to an antigen is translated across the membrane to induce changes in the cytoplasmic domains that trigger the assembly of signaling complexes. Here we describe what is known about the initiation of the antigen-driven BCR signal transduction in the newly emerging context of B-cell recognition of antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues. We also discuss a recently proposed model for the initiation of BCR signaling termed the 'conformation-induced oligomerization model' and address the implications of this model for the mechanisms by which BCR signaling may be modulated by adapters and coreceptors.
Unidirectional acoustic transmission based on source pattern reconstruction (2012)

It is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that unidirectional acoustic transmission can be achieved through a simple structure consisting of only a uniform stiff plate and periodic rectangular gratings. Essentially distinct from the previous related works based on the utilizing of nonlinear effect or the partial band of the sonic crystal, it is attributed to one-side pattern reconstruction of acoustic plane waves induced by the periodic gratings, which can be physically modeled by forced vibration of the plate under periodic loads. The current structure takes the advantages of high transmission efficiency, small size, and broad bandwidth, which should open more possibilities for the miniaturization and integration of the one-way acoustic devices as well as further improvement of their performance.
Heterogeneous Neural Networks for Adaptive Behavior in Dynamic Environments (1988)

Research in artificial neural networks has generally emphasized homogeneous architectures. In contrast, the nervous systems of natural animals exhibit great heterogeneity in both their elements and patterns of interconnection. This heterogeneity is crucial to the flexible generation of behavior which is essential for survival in a complex, dynamic environment. It may also provide powerful insights into the design of artificial neural networks. In this paper, we describe a heterogeneous neural network for controlling the walking of a simulated insect. This controller is inspired by the neuroethological and neurobiological literature on insect locomotion. It exhibits a variety of statically stable gaits at different speeds simply by varying the tonic activity of a single cell. It can also adapt to perturbations as a natural consequence of its design.
Bicycloprop‐2‐enyl (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) (1989)

The only valence isomer of benzene not previously prepared has now been synthesized by reaction in vacuo of the β-halosilane 1 with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. The elusive bicycloprop-2-enyl 2 was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 2 can also be trapped as a Diels-Alder adduct. In the presence of Ag⊕ it rearranges to Dewar benzene.
Synaptic plasticity in spiking neural networks (SP/sup 2/INN): a system approach (2003)

In this paper, we present a digital system called (SP/sup 2/INN) for simulating very large-scale spiking neural networks (VLSNNs) comprising, e.g., 1000000 neurons with several million connections in total. SP/sup 2/INN makes it possible to simulate VLSNN with features such as synaptic short term plasticity, long term plasticity as well as configurable connections. For such VLSNN the computation of the connectivity including the synapses is the main challenging task besides computing the neuron model. We describe the configurable neuron model of SP/sup 2/INN, before we focus on the computation of the connectivity. Within SP/sup 2/INN, connectivity parameters are stored in an external memory, while the actual connections are computed online based on defined connectivity rules. The communication between the SP/sup 2/INN processor and the external memory represents a bottle-neck for the system performance. We show this problem is handled efficiently by introducing a tag scheme and a target-oriented addressing method. The SP/sup 2/INN processor is described in a high-level hardware description language. We present its implementation in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, but also discuss advantages and drawbacks of implementing it on a field programmable gate array.
Negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators (2005)

A variety of H/sup -/ ion sources are in use at accelerator laboratories around the world. A list of these ion sources includes surface plasma sources with magnetron, Penning and surface converter geometries as well as magnetic-multipole volume sources with and without cesium. Just as varied is the means of igniting and maintaining magnetically confined plasmas. Hot and cold cathodes, radio frequency, and microwave power are all in use, as well as electron tandem source ignition. The extraction systems of accelerator H/sup o/n sources are highly specialized utilizing magnetic and electric fields in their low energy beam transport systems to produce direct current, as well as pulsed and/or chopped beams with a variety of time structures. Within this paper, specific ion sources utilized at accelerator laboratories shall be reviewed along with the physics of surface and volume H/sup -/ production in regard to source emittance. Current research trends including aperture modeling, thermal modeling, surface conditioning, and laser diagnostics will also be discussed.
Next-generation ROADM technologies and architecture (2011)

Network operators are moving towards next-generation Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless ROADMs (CDC-ROADMs) to increase the flexibility of their networks. Such so-called CDC-ROADMs require advances in optical component technologies, including high-port count Wavelength Selective Switches, Multicast Switches, Arrayed Amplifiers and Optical Channel Monitors. In this paper, we begin by examining the network-level requirements and see how these translate into component requirements and also identify opportunities to improve how these functional modules are integrated to optimize overall equipment design.
Ventricular Tachycardia Duration and Form Are Associated with Electrical Discontinuities Bounding the Core of the Reentrant Circuit (2005)

Whether reentrant ventricular tachycardia will be inducible in the canine infarct border zone, and its duration and form, is associated with the characteristics of electrical discontinuities present about the core perimeter.
Adolescent Health and Development (AHD) : A Resource Guide for World Bank Operations Staff and Government Counterparts (2004)

This resource guide begins with an overview of AHD issues, laying out the case for governments to direct attention and resources to AHD. It discusses good practices to improve a range of youth health outcomes. The next section focuses on the relationship between poverty and young people's health and outlines strategies to provide health services to poor youth. The final section of the guide examines the current efforts of the World Bank to promote AHD. Technical appendixes provide further examples and concrete information for use in project design and analysis. More information will be found on the Bank's AHD website, which is currently under development. The guide supports the effort to better integrate adolescent health and development (AHD) concerns into the analytic and lending work of the World Bank. It also has been created to give Bank staff members essential information with which to engage their counterparts in policy dialogue on AHD and to advocate for greater government attention to the needs of youth. Increasing the effectiveness of Bank efforts directed at AHD will help the Bank to improve the health and well-being of youth in developing countries. The main audience for the guide is Bank operations staff members and government counterparts associated with poverty reduction strategies and human development sector projects. External Bank partners and other organizations interested in youth may also find the guide useful.
Understanding Soluble Arsenate Removal Kinetics by Zerovalent Iron Media (2002)

Zerovalent iron filings have been proposed as a filter medium for removing arsenic compounds from potable water supplies. This research investigated the kinetics of arsenate removal from aqueous solutions by zerovalent iron media. Batch experiments were performed to determine the effect of the iron corrosion rate on the rate of As(V) removal. Tafel analyses were used to determine the effect of the As(V) concentration on the rate of iron corrosion in anaerobic solutions. As(V) removal in column reactors packed with iron filings was measured over a 1-year period of continuous operation. Comparison of As(V) removal by freely corroding and cathodically protected iron showed that rates of arsenate removal were dependent on the continuous generation of iron oxide adsorption sites. In addition to adsorption site availability, rates of arsenate removal were also limited by mass transfer associated with As(V) diffusion through iron corrosion products. Steady-state removal rates in the column reactor were up to 10 times faster between the inlet-end and the first sampling port than between the first sampling port and the effluent-end of the column. Faster removal near the influent-end of the column was due to a faster rate of iron oxidation in that region. The presence of 100 microg/L As(V) decreased the iron corrosion rate by up to a factor of 5 compared to a blank electrolyte solution. However, increasing the As(V) concentration from 100 to 20,000 microg/L resulted in no further decrease in the iron corrosion rate. The kinetics of arsenate removal ranged between zeroth- and first-order with respect to the aqueous As(V) concentration. The apparent reaction order was dependent on the availability of adsorption sites and on the aqueous As(V) concentration. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses showed the presence of iron metal, magnetite (Fe3O4), an Fe(III) oxide phase, and possibly an Fe(II,III) hydroxide phase in the reacted iron filings. These mixed valent oxide phases are not passivating and permit sustained iron corrosion and continuous generation of new sites for As(V) adsorption.
Extraction and Charcterization of Pectins from Sugar Beet Pulp (1985)

ABSTRACT Conditions (pH, temperature, time) for the extraction of sugar beet pulp pectins were studied on a laboratory scale and transposed into a pilot plant. Good yields (∼ 14%) of pectins are obtained if the pulp is treated at pH 1.0, 85°C for 1 hr. The characteristics of the pilot extracted pectins are very close to those of the laboratory ones, except for a lower molecular weight (∼30,000 daltons). Their physicochemical properties confirm their poor gelling ability.
CsI:Tl<sup>+</sup>,Yb<sup>2+</sup>: ultra-high light yield scintillator with reduced afterglow (2014)

Simultaneous improvement in afterglow, light yield and energy resolution in CsI:Tl-based scintillators paves the way to its application in computer tomography and high-speed imaging.
Don't use the page number, but a pointer to it (1996)

Most newly announced high performance microprocessors support 64-bit virtual addresses and the width of physical addresses is also growing. As a result, the size of the address tags in the L1 cache is increasing. The impact of on chip area is particularly dramatic when small block sizes are used. At the same time, the performance of high performance microprocessors depends more and more on the accuracy of branch prediction and for reasons similar to those in the case of caches the size of the Branch Target Buffer is also increasing linearly with the address width.In this paper, we apply the simple principle stated in the title for limiting the tag size of on-chip caches. In the resulting indirect-tagged cache, the duplication of the page number in processors (in TLB and in cache tags) is removed. The tag check is then simplified and the tag cost does not depend on the address width. Applying the same principle to Branch Target Buffers, we propose the Reduced Branch Target Buffer. The storage size in a Reduced Branch Target Buffer does not depend on the address width and is dramatically smaller than the size of the conventional implementation of a Branch Target Buffer.
A small planar inverted-F antenna for wearable applications (2003)

Small printed antennas will replace the commonly used normal-mode helical antennas of mobile handsets and systems in the future. This paper presents a novel small planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) which is a common PIFA in which a U-shaped slot is etched to form a dual band operation for wearable and ubiquitous computing equipment. Health issues are considered in selecting suitable antenna topology and the placement of the antenna. Various applications are presented while the paper mainly discusses about the GSM applications.
Research on color space-time coded structured light for molded line evaluation in industrial site (2010)

The key for coded structured light 3D measurement technology in industrial site is to improve measurement accuracy, and sampling density and measurement speed are taken into account simultaneously. A color space-time encoding and decoding method for structured light system and its related technologies are proposed. Firstly, RGB stripes are used to encode, that have the minimal interaction, for improving anti-interference capability. Secondly, color transition between stripes ordered by Eulerian path is used to encode instead of own color of stripes, then four times more sampling density can be acquired in the same measured space. Thirdly, sub-pixel stripe edge and center detecting algorithms based on color component are proposed to improve measurement accuracy. Fourthly, only two encoding patterns ensure measurement speed. Measurement system was established according to mathematic model. Experimental results show that error of measured standard plane is less than 0.06 mm, and reconstructed complex surface has same visual effect as real surface. Finally, the method for turbine blade molded lines evaluation was explored.
System performance management for the S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server G5 (1999)

System performance management is a broad category of techniques that cover all aspects of obtaining maximum performance or speed from a given design. Items such as sorting methodology, critical path improvements, semiconductor line optimization, power-supply optimization, clock tuning, and cooling are part of performance management. Logic or architecture improvements that have a major effect on design, such as increasing cache size, are usually not included.
Expression of a Heterologous Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Highly Improves the Conversion of Amino Acids to Aroma Compounds (2000)

The first step of amino acid degradation in lactococci is a transamination, which requires an alpha-keto acid as the amino group acceptor. We have previously shown that the level of available alpha-keto acid in semihard cheese is the first limiting factor for conversion of amino acids to aroma compounds, since aroma formation is greatly enhanced by adding alpha-ketoglutarate to cheese curd. In this study we introduced a heterologous catabolic glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) gene into Lactococcus lactis so that this organism could produce alpha-ketoglutarate from glutamate, which is present at high levels in cheese. Then we evaluated the impact of GDH activity on amino acid conversion in in vitro tests and in a cheese model by using radiolabeled amino acids as tracers. The GDH-producing lactococcal strain degraded amino acids without added alpha-ketoglutarate to the same extent that the wild-type strain degraded amino acids with added alpha-ketoglutarate. Interestingly, the GDH-producing lactococcal strain produced a higher proportion of carboxylic acids, which are major aroma compounds. Our results demonstrated that a GDH-producing lactococcal strain could be used instead of adding alpha-ketoglutarate to improve aroma development in cheese.
Spin Frustration in the Triradical Trianion of a Naphthalenediimide Molecular Triangle (2017)

Crystalline supramolecular frameworks consisting of charged molecules, held together by hydrogen bonds and Coulomb interactions, have attracted great interest because of their unusual structural, chemical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Herein, we report the preparation, structure, and magnetic properties of the triradical trianion of a shape-persistent chiral equilateral molecular triangle having three naphthalene-1,4:5,8-bis(dicarboximide)s ((+)-NDI-Δ3(−•)). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of its tris(cobaltocenium) salt ([(+)-NDI-Δ3(−•)(CoCp2+)3]) reveals accessible one-dimensional tubular cavities, and variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that a dilute solution of [(+)-NDI-Δ3(−•)(CoCp2+)3] in an organic glass has a spin-frustrated doublet ground state and a thermally accessible quartet state. Furthermore, SQUID magnetometry from 5 to 300 K of solid [(+)-NDI-Δ3(−•)(CoCp2+)3] shows ferromagnetic ordering with a Curie temperature TC = 20 K. The successful preparation of hybrid ionic materials comprising macrocyclic triradical trianions with spin-frustrated ground states and accessible 1D pores offers routes to new organic spintronic materials.
1-Substituted 2′-deoxyinosine analogues (1997)

The base 2-carbon of 2′,3′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyinosine is strongly activated towards nucleophilic attack when either the 4-nitrophenyl or 2,4-dinitrophenyl group is attached to its N-1 position (product 1 or 2). 1-(ω-Aminoalkyl)- and 1-(ω-hydroxyalkyl)-2′-deoxyinosine derivatives 5, 8–10 have been efficiently synthesized by a rearrangement of the purine ring upon treatment of compound 1 or 2 with the appropriate α,ω-diamine or α,ω-hydroxyamine. Moreover 1-amino-2′-deoxyinosine 11 and 1-hydroxy-2′-deoxyinosine 13 have been easily prepared in high yields by reaction of substrate 1 or 2, respectively, with hydrazine or hydroxylamine.
Potentiation of Cocaine-Induced Coronary Vasoconstriction by Beta-Adrenergic Blockade (1990)

Cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction is potentiated by beta-adrenergic blockade. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents probably should be avoided in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial ischemia or infarction.
Gene Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing and Properties of a Cocaine Esterase from<i>Rhodococcus</i>sp. Strain MB1 (2000)

ABSTRACT A strain of Rhodococcus designated MB1, which was capable of utilizing cocaine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the tropane alkaloid-producing plant Erythroxylum coca . A cocaine esterase was found to initiate degradation of cocaine, which was hydrolyzed to ecgonine methyl ester and benzoate; both of these esterolytic products were further metabolized by Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1. The structural gene encoding a cocaine esterase, designated cocE , was cloned from Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1 genomic libraries by screening recombinant strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis CW25 for growth on cocaine. The nucleotide sequence of cocE corresponded to an open reading frame of 1,724 bp that codes for a protein of 574 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of cocaine esterase has a region of similarity with the active serine consensus of X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidases, suggesting that the cocaine esterase is a serine esterase. The cocE coding sequence was subcloned into the pCFX1 expression plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli . The recombinant cocaine esterase was purified to apparent homogeneity and was found to be monomeric, with an M r of approximately 65,000. The apparent K m of the enzyme (mean ± standard deviation) for cocaine was measured as 1.33 ± 0.085 mM. These findings are of potential use in the development of a linked assay for the detection of illicit cocaine.