gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex-Valued Embedding Models for Knowledge Graphs (2017)

L'explosion de données relationnelles largement disponiblessous la forme de graphes de connaissances a permisle développement de multiples applications, dont les agents personnels automatiques,les systèmes de recommandation et l'amélioration desrésultats de recherche en ligne.La grande taille et l'incomplétude de ces bases de donnéesnécessite le développement de méthodes de complétionautomatiques pour rendre ces applications viables.La complétion de graphes de connaissances, aussi appeléeprédiction de liens, se doit de comprendre automatiquementla structure des larges graphes de connaissances (graphes dirigéslabellisés) pour prédire les entrées manquantes (les arêtes labellisées).Une approche gagnant en popularité consiste à représenter ungraphe de connaissances comme un tenseur d'ordre 3, etd'utiliser des méthodes de décomposition de tenseur pourprédire leurs entrées manquantes.Les modèles de factorisation existants proposent différentscompromis entre leur expressivité, et leur complexité en temps et en espace.Nous proposons un nouveau modèle appelé ComplEx, pour"Complex Embeddings", pour réconcilier expressivité etcomplexité par l'utilisation d'une factorisation en nombre complexes,dont nous explorons le lien avec la diagonalisation unitaire.Nous corroborons notre approche théoriquement en montrantque tous les graphes de connaissances possiblespeuvent être exactement décomposés par le modèle proposé.Notre approche, basées sur des embeddings complexesreste simple, car n'impliquant qu'un produit trilinéaire complexe,là où d'autres méthodes recourent à des fonctions de compositionde plus en plus compliquées pour accroître leur expressivité.Le modèle proposé ayant une complexité linéaire en tempset en espace est passable à l'échelle, tout endépassant les approches existantes sur les jeux de données de référencepour la prédiction de liens.Nous démontrons aussi la capacité de ComplEx àapprendre des représentations vectorielles utiles pour d'autres tâches,en enrichissant des embeddings de mots, qui améliorentles prédictions sur le problème de traitement automatiquedu langage d'implication entre paires de phrases.Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous explorons lescapacités de modèles de factorisation à apprendre lesstructures relationnelles à partir d'observations.De part leur nature vectorielle,il est non seulement difficile d'interpréter pourquoicette classe de modèles fonctionne aussi bien,mais aussi où ils échouent et comment ils peuventêtre améliorés. Nous conduisons une étude expérimentalesur les modèles de l'état de l'art, non pas simplementpour les comparer, mais pour comprendre leur capacitésd'induction. Pour évaluer les forces et faiblessesde chaque modèle, nous créons d'abord des tâches simplesreprésentant des propriétés atomiques despropriétés des relations des graphes de connaissances ;puis des tâches représentant des inférences multi-relationnellescommunes au travers de généalogies synthétisées.À partir de ces résultatsexpérimentaux, nous proposons de nouvelles directionsde recherches pour améliorer les modèles existants,y compris ComplEx.
Efficacy of Topical Treatment for Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: Predictions from an Index of Drug Characteristics in Vitro (1986)

Topical antiviral treatments for recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in immunocompetent patients have been generally ineffective. We investigated whether in vitro drug measures could predict in vivo efficacy. Twelve topical antiviral formulations were evaluated in vitro by measuring inhibition of viral plaque formation in cell culture (ID50) and drug penetration through excised guinea pig skin. In vivo efficacy for each treatment was determined in an experimental cutaneous infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 in guinea pigs and expressed as the percent reduction in lesion number, lesion area, and virus titer in the lesions. The in vitro findings were correlated with the results in the animal model. ID50 was a poor predictor of in vivo efficacy, whereas stronger correlations were found between the degree of skin penetration and in vivo activity. The best correlation was noted by using a summary expression of the in vitro results as follows: the ratio of drug penetration through skin at 37 C to ID50 (r = .95, .94, and .92 for lesion number, area, and virus titer, respectively, P less than .0005). Determination of this in vitro index should be included in the preclinical evaluation of new topical antiviral formulations.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Nanodimensional Self-Assembly of Poly-3-hexylthiophene for Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2010)

We have demonstrated ultrasonic-assisted nanodimensional self-assembly of a conjugated polymer, P3HT, depending on its regioregularity, on solvent polarity, and on light irradiation. The resulting P3HT nanowires were investigated by means of AFM, UV-vis, and XRD and compared with films made by a conventional thermal annealing method. Obtained results indicate that ultrasonic agitation effectively generates P3HT nanowires, exemplifying a quick route to nanoscale morphology control which contributes to better organic photovoltaic cell performance.
Using microorganisms to recover metals (1991)

Biological processes have been used for thousands of years to make cheese, wine, and beer. During the past few hundred years these processes have been employed to process sewage. Increasingly, microbes are being used to clean up a wide variety of toxic chemical wastes that have been dumped into the environment. Scientists are currently examining the possible use of microbes to detoxify naturally occurring toxic selenium-bearing water at the Kesterson Wildlife Refuge. The mining and minerals industries also use biological processes to remove impurities from ores, cut processing costs, and treat some metallic ores that previously were too difficult or too expensive to process by traditional methods. In this article, the term mining industry' applies to the extraction of ore whereas the term minerals industry' applies to processing the ore. Applications of biotechnology in the mining and minerals industries are expected to increase. The paper discusses the use of microbial leaching in the copper, uranium, gold, and manganese mining industries; treatments of mine wastes; the treatment of cyanide solution, and research into bioleaching, biosorption, and genetic engineering.
Modulations in Gene Expression and Mapping of Genes Associated with Cyst Nematode Infection of Soybean (2001)

Infection of the soybean root by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) induces a well-documented, yet poorly understood, response by the host plant. The plant response, involving the differentiation of a feeding structure, or "syncytium," facilitates the feeding and reproduction of the nematode to the detriment of the host. We used a genetic system involving a single dominant soybean gene conferring susceptibility to an inbred nematode strain, VL1, to characterize the nematode-host interaction in susceptible line PI 89008. The restriction fragment length polymorphism marker pB053, shown to map to a major SCN resistance locus, cosegregates with resistance among F2 progeny from the PI 89008 x PI 88287 cross. Cytological examination of the infection process confirmed that syncytium development in this genetic system is similar to that reported by others who used noninbred nematode lines. Our study of infected root tissue in the susceptible line PI 89008 revealed a number of genes enhanced in expression. Among these are catalase, cyclin, elongation factor 1alpha, beta-1,3-endoglucanase, hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, heat shock protein 70, late embryonic abundant protein 14, and formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase, all of which we have genetically positioned on the public linkage map of soybean. Formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide synthase was found to be tightly linked with a major quantitative trait locus for SCN resistance. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by others that feeding site development involves the dramatic modulation of gene expression relative to surrounding root cells.
Text Categories and Where You Can Stick Them (1997)

This paper applies principal components analysis (PCA) to solve the problem of interpreting pre-existing corpus text categories for analysis of linguistic variation. The method is illustrated by constructing an index of the complex notion "formality " from PCA of a set of high-frequency wordform-based counts. The first principal component from this analysis acts as a broad formality index; a second principal component is tentatively identified as marking "concrete facts" versus "abstract discussion"'. Subsequently, text categories from the corpora are positioned on these textual dimensions, and selected categories are evaluated for internal consistency by comparing the distribution of texts across subcategories. Finally, suggestions are made concerning further developments and applications of the method used here, and its implications for the use of corpora in variation studies.
Self-biasing circulators operating at K/sub a/-band utilizing M-type hexagonal ferrites (1992)

The authors report on the fabrication and testing of millimeter-wave microstrip/stripline Y-junction circulator operating at K/sub a/ band. By exploiting the properties of high-anisotropy magnetic field, external magnetic field requirements are reduced. The design of microstrip/stripline circulators involves calculations of the radius of the ferrite disks and the port suspension angles in terms of the microstrip dielectric constant and saturation magnetization of the ferrite material. In addition, the operation frequency is determined largely by the uniaxial anisotropy field of the barium-strontium hexagonal ferrite.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart helmet with sensors for accident prevention (2013)

The impact when a motorcyclist involves in a high speed accident without wearing a helmet is very dangerous and can cause fatality. Wearing a helmet can reduce shock from the impact and may save a life. There are many countries enforcing a regulation that requires the motorcycle's rider to wear a helmet when riding on their motorcycle, Malaysia is an example. With this reason, this project is specially developed as to improve the safety of the motorcycle's rider. Motorcyclist will be alarmed when the speed limit is exceeded. A Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) and BLDC Fan are used for detection of the rider's head and detection of motorcycle's speed respectively. A 315 MHz Radio Frequency Module as wireless link which able to communicate between transmitter circuit and receiver circuit. PIC16F84a is a microcontroller to control the entire component in the system. Only when the rider buckled the helmet then only the motorcycle's engine will start. A LED will flash if the motor speed exceeds 100 km/hour.
Origins of diverse feeding ecologies within Conus, a genus of venomous marine gastropods (2001)

Specialized predators on polychaetes, fishes, hemichordates or other molluscs, members of the predominantly tropical gastropod genus Conus diversified rapidly during the Miocene to constitute the most species-rich modern marine genus. We used DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear loci of 76 Conus species to generate species-level phylogenetic hypotheses for this genus and then mapped known diets onto the phylogenies to elucidate the origins and evolutionary histories of different feeding specializations. The results indicate that dramatically new feeding modes arose only a few times, that the most derived feeding modes likely arose in the Miocene, and that much of the known diversity of Conus that was generated during Miocene radiations has survived to the present.
Dose Response on the Faecal Colonisation of Lactobacillus Strain GG Administered in Two Different Formulations (1993)

Faecal concentrations of Lactobacillus GG in human subjects were studied after oral administration of the bacterium Lactobacillus GG was given in total to 44 healthy human volunteers for 7 d as enterocoated tablets with daily doses of 1 × 109c.f.u.,4x 109and 8 × 109 c.f.u. and in fermented milk with daily doses of 21 × 109c.f.u. and 1.2 × 1010 c.f.u. All the volunteers excreted the organism by day 3 of the test period. There were no statistical differences in mean faecal Lactobacillus GG contents between the tablet groups. With fermented milk there was a clear, statistically significant increase in mean faecal Lactobacillus GG content when the administration was l.2x 1010 c.f.u./d compared to 21 × 109 c.f.u./d. The results indicate that fermented milk and enterocoated tablets are good carriers for administering Lactobacillus GG as a probiotic organism
Advanced Ovarian Adenocarcinoma (1978)

Eighty patients with advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma were treated in a prospective, randomized trial comparing a four-drug combination--hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil--with the oral alkylating agent, melphalan. Treatment with the four-drug combination was associated with a significantly increased overall response rate (75 vs. 54 per cent) (P less than 0.05), more complete remissions (33 vs. 16 per cent) and longer median survival (29 vs. 17 months) (P less than 0.02) but more severe toxicity than occurred with melphalan. Patients with minimal residual disease had a significantly higher overall response rate than patients with extensive residual disease (84 vs. 53 per cent) (P less than 0.05). Patients with advanced disease who achieved a complete remission documented by peritoneoscopy or laparotomy (or both) have a median survival that will exceed three years. The four-drug regimen is more effective than melphalan in the management of advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma.
First Preparations and Characterization of Conductive Polymer Crystalline Nanoneedles (2009)

Abstract Single crystalline nanoneedles of three families of the most studied conductive organic polymers ‐ polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole ‐ were synthesized for the first time using an interfacial polymerization process that takes place with simultaneous crystallization. As the crystal growth is concurrent with polymerization, more ordered crystal packing can be expected. Most of the bulk conducting‐polymer systems studied contains regions that are inhomogeneous. Single nanocrystals of conducting polymers have not been reported, although needle‐shaped bulk crystals of the quarterphenyl cation radical salt have previously been studied. The investigation of processes in a nanodomain of a single crystal is critical in ascertaining the inherent electronic properties of polymer nanoelements. The organic conductive nanoneedles were characterized using TEM, HRTEM, electron diffraction, EDS, and EPR to establish their crystal structure and composition. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigation were conducted to examine their electronic behaviors, leading to the discovery of a field‐induced conductance switching with response times on the millisecond level. The switch voltages are in the range of 3 to 4 volts in STM experiments, consistent with the trend of the band gap of the three polymers. The organic conductive nanoneedles with nano‐tip having high density of mobile electron may serve as interesting elements for nanoscale electronics.
ANTIOXIDANTS AND THEIR PROTECTIVE ACTION AGAINST DNA DAMAGE Review Article (2011)

In recent years many articles have been published on oxidative stress. Perhaps the knowledge about free radicals like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species metabolism; definition of markers for oxidative damage provide evidences linking chronic diseases and oxidative stress. Identification of flavonoids and other dietary polyphenol antioxidants present in plant foods and data supporting the idea that health benefits are associated with fruits, vegetables and red wine in the diet are probably linked to the polyphenol antioxidants they contain. Excessive reactive oxygen species may cause irreparable DNA damage, leading to mutagenesis and perhaps cancer. Investigation into the nature of DNA damage and repair have provided valuable insight into aging, human genetics and cancer .Now, there is deep interest in identifying free radical scavengers or antioxidants that inhibit oxidative DNA damage. In this review we discuss DNA damage due to oxidative stress, and the role of potent Antioxidants in its protection.
Justifying Belief as Probability (2009)

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Androgen receptor and prostate cancer stem cells: biological mechanisms and clinical implications (2015)

Prostate cancer (PCa) contains phenotypically and functionally distinct cells, and this cellular heterogeneity poses clinical challenges as the distinct cell types likely respond differently to various therapies. Clonal evolution, driven by genetic instability, and intraclonal cancer cell diversification, driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), together create tumor cell heterogeneity. In this review, we first discuss PCa stem cells (PCSCs) and heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR) expression in primary, metastatic, and treatment-failed PCa. Based on literature reports and our own studies, we hypothesize that, whereas PCSCs in primary and untreated tumors and models are mainly AR(-), PCSCs in CRPCs could be either AR(+) or AR(-/lo). We illustrate the potential mechanisms AR(+) and AR(-) PCSCs may employ to propagate PCa at the population level, mediate therapy resistance, and metastasize. As a result, targeting AR alone may not achieve long-lasting therapeutic efficacy. Elucidating the roles of AR and PCSCs should provide important clues to designing novel personalized combinatorial therapeutic protocols targeting both AR(+) and AR(-) PCa cells.
Degradation of α-Synuclein by Proteasome (1999)

Mutations in alpha-synuclein are known to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The coexistence of this neuronal protein with ubiquitin and proteasome subunits in Lewy bodies in sporadic disease suggests that alterations of alpha-synuclein catabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. The degradation pathway of alpha-synuclein has not been identified nor has the kinetics of this process been described. We investigated the degradation kinetics of both wild-type and A53T mutant 6XHis-tagged alpha-synuclein in transiently transfected SH-SY5Y cells. Degradation of both isoforms followed first-order kinetics over 24 h as monitored by the pulse-chase method. However, the t((1)/(2)) of mutant alpha-synuclein was 50% longer than that of the wild-type protein (p < 0.01). The degradation of both recombinant proteins and endogenous alpha-synuclein in these cells was blocked by the selective proteasome inhibitor beta-lactone (40 microM), indicating that both wild-type and A53T mutant alpha-synuclein are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The slower degradation of mutant alpha-synuclein provides a kinetic basis for its intracellular accumulation, thus favoring its aggregation.
Near-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of wood pulp : quantifying hardwood-softwood mixtures and estimating lignin content (1990)

On a developpe une methode pour mesurer la teneur en bois feuillu d'un melange de pâtes blanchies de feuillus et de resineux a l'aide de la spectroscopie IR proche. La methode est utilisable pour des teneurs de 0 a 100% de feuillus, et la deviation ne depasse pas 5% par rapport a la technique standard de microscopie des fibres qui est plus longue et necessite un analyste entraine. La spectroscopie IR proche a aussi ete utilisee pour l'evaluation de la teneur en lignine de pâtes non blanchies.
Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR Shows Variable, Assay-dependent Sensitivity to Formalin Fixation: Implications for Direct Comparison of Transcript Levels in Paraffin-embedded Tissues (2006)

Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a versatile tool for precise quantification of gene expression. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is well suited for qRT-PCR, if RNA extraction is optimized and small amplicon sizes are used. However, little is known whether individual assays may show variable sensitivity to fixation. This is of great importance, if a direct comparison of different transcripts is performed within the same sample, such as for mRNA splice variants. We established a cell culture model to test for and quantify differences in performance of individual qRT-PCR assays on FFPE as compared with fresh material, using TaqMan methodology. RNA was isolated from 7 different cell lines either directly or after preparation of a FFPE cell block. RNA from both sources was reverse transcribed and gene expression quantified using 13 different TaqMan assays. All assays allowed highly reproducible target quantification, using both fresh and FFPE-derived cDNA. The 13 assays showed an average Ct difference of 3.2 between fresh and FFPE cells, if identical amounts of cDNA were used as template. However, the Ct shifts varied from 1.8 to 5.1 for individual assays, indicating variable resistance to fixation. These Ct shift differences were statistically highly significant in 27/78 (35%) of all possible combinations of assays. Because the Ct shift remained constant for each assay, they could be used for calculation of correction factors which rendered FFPE-derived expression data highly comparable to those obtained from fresh material, and as a consequence among each other. Thus, a standardized assessment of qRT-PCR assay efficiencies in FFPE allows for precise intraindividual comparison of mRNA species, such as splice variants with different biologic functions, in archival tissues.
Phase I Drug and Light Dose-Escalation Trial of Motexafin Lutetium and Far Red Light Activation (Phototherapy) in Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Stent Deployment (2003)

This study demonstrates that coronary MLu PT seems safe, and the maximum well-tolerated MLu dose and range of tolerated light doses were identified. These data can be used in phase II efficacy trials of MLu PT for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis or vulnerable plaque.
Emerging Resistance among Gram-Negative Pathogens: State of the Challenge (2011)

In the 1980s, antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative (Gm) pathogens seemed to be under control. Much has since changed, and physicians are now facing unprecedented clinical challenges due to the growing proliferation of multidrug-resistant Gm pathogens. This article describes current epidemiological, mechanistic, and demographic trends that are related to this worldwide epidemic.
Physiologically tolerable decompression profiles for supersonic transport type certification. (1970)

The Supersonic Transport represents a quantum step in civil aeronautics. It will cruise at altitudes having low ambient gaseous pressures far exceeding human capacities for compensatory respiration. In consideration of this evolutionary step, tentative airworthiness standards with respect to SST pressurization capabilities in the event of depressurization emergencies are discussed and a series of evolved SST cabin altitude-time profiles, together with the basis of their development, are then presented. \n\n