gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Correlates of Pure and Hybrid Strains of Sweet Corn (1943)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Dystrophin is expressed in mdx skeletal muscle fibers after normal myoblast implantation. (1989)

In mdx mice, the dystrophin gene of the X chromosome is defective and, as a result, immunoreactive dystrophin is undetectable in all muscle fibers of all animals of this highly inbred strain. This study showed that implantation of suspensions of clonal cultures of normal human myoblasts into different regions of quadriceps muscles of 6-to-10-day-old mdx mice or 60-day-old mdx mice (whose muscles have been crushed 4 days before implantation) results in the appearance of scattered fiber segments containing microscopically demonstrable immunoreactive dystrophin. In the animals that received the normal myoblast implantation in the prenecrotic stage of the disease (6 to 10 days of age), the dystrophin-positive fiber segments (demonstrated at ages 35, 45, and 60 days) escaped necrosis. This was determined by the absence of the characteristic chains of central nuclei, a reliable marker of prior necrosis in mdx muscle fibers. By heavy labeling of the nuclear DNA of the transplantable human myoblasts with H3-thymidine during culturing, and by sequential performance of an immunocytochemical staining for dystrophin and autoradiography on the same sections, some dystrophin-positive fiber segments were shown to contain radiolabeled myonuclei. It was concluded that nondystrophic myoblasts fused with host muscle fibers to form mosaic muscle fibers in which the normal dystrophin gene of the implanted myoblasts was expressed. This approach may be employed for the mitigation of the deleterious consequences of a gene defect in recessively inherited human muscle diseases such as Duchenne dystrophy.
Chemical Vapor Deposition for Silicon Cladding on Advanced Ceramics (1989)

Polycrystalline Si was used to clad several advanced ceramic materials such as SiC, Si 3 N 4 , sapphire, Al 2 O 3 , pyrolytic BN, and Si by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The thickness of Si cladding ranged from 0.025 to 3.0 mm. CVD Si adhered quite well to all the above materials except Al 2 O 3 , where the Si cladding was highly stressed and cracked or delaminated. A detailed material characterization of Si‐clad SiC samples showed that Si adherence to SiC does not depend much on the substrate surface preparation; that the thermal cycling and polishing of the samples do not cause delamination; and that, in four‐point bend tests, the Si–SiC bond remains intact, with the failure occurring in the Si.
Gastric pouch interposition between ileum and anus after total proctocolectomy (1999)

After a total proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis or for ulcerative colitis, an ileal pouch–anal anastomosis is not possible in some circumstances. In case of Crohn’s disease (CD), an ileal pouch‐anal‐anastomosis is contraindicated by most authors. We have devised a means to avoid a permanent ileostomy in these situations. It consists of transposing between ileum and anus the left half of the vertical part of the stomach, in the shape of a pouch vascularized through the right gastroepiploic pedicle. This plasty was performed on a 35‐year‐old female after a proctocolectomy for CD. There was no post‐operative complication. The functional results remained satisfactory after 9 months: two to five stools per 24 h, no urgency, occasional seepage during night. The main disadvantage was the necessity of high dose proton pump inhibitor therapy to prevent anal burning sensation.
Middleware-based Integration of Multiple CAD and PDM Systems into Virtual Reality Environment (2006)

Hair designing is one of crucial components of the hair simulation tasks.The efficiency of hair modeling is very much determined by the interactivity and the ease-to-use the designing tools within an application.This paper presents a unified framework that uses the various key techniques developed for specific tasks in hair simulation and to realize the ultimate goal of 'virtual hairdressing room' that is simple to use but quite effective for generating fast hairstyles.Successful attempts have been made to handle the different challenging issues involved in simulation of hair at interactive rates.Effort has been put in developing methodologies for hair shape modeling, hair dynamics and hair rendering.A user friendly interface controlled by a haptic device facilitates designer's interactivity with the hairstyles.Furthermore, designer's visualization is enhanced by using real time animation and interactive rendering.Animation is done using a modified Free Form Deformation (FFD) technique that has been effectively adapted to various hairstyles.Hair Rendering is performed using an efficient scattering based technique, displaying hair with its various optical effects.
Self-organized Ribbons of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Self-organized long carbon nanotube ribbons consisting of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes is fabricated using a simple solvent evaporation technique. The geometry of the ribbons is extraordinarily regular with rectangular cross sections, with dimensions of about 50−100-μm wide, 4−12-μm thick, and 100-mm long. The ribbons could find use as electronic cables or in composite materials.
Estimation of Inventory Re-Order Levels Using the Bootstrap Statistical Procedure (1989)

It can be difficult to set the reorder point in an inventory system because often one does not have much knowledge of the lead-time demand (LTD)distribution. A frequent practice is to assume a “standard” distribution, such as the Normal. The reorder point is then taken as the p-th fractile of that standard distribution, where (1 −p) is the specified probability of stockout during a replenishment cycle. When the desired service level p is high and the “true” LTD distribution is skewed, previous research has shown that the reorder point and inventory costs are strongly affected by the shape of the assumed LTD distribution. Ideally, no assumptions about this distribution should be necessary. One such “distribution-free” approach is the bootstrap procedure. Beginning with a single sample W = {x1x2,…,xn} of lead-time demand, the bootstrap repeatedly samples with replacement from W, A family of bootstrap samples of size n is thereby created, each sample furnishing an estimate Xp∗ of the p-th fractile of the LTD distribution. The probability mass function of these values yields the bootstrap estimate of the reorder point [[Xcirc]p = E(Xp)]. We employ the bootstrap procedure to determine the reorder point s in an (s,Q) system for desired service levels p = 0.8, 0.9 and 0.95. The bootstrap and normal approaches are compared using LTD data simulated from a number of populations with varying tail shapes. Analyses of variance are performed to compare the estimated reorder points across various levels of distribution form, coefficient of variation, sample size and service level. The relative performance of the bootstrap and normal approaches is also discussed in terms of a cost model. We found it preferable to use the bootstrap procedure in any situation where a “non-standard’ LTD distribution, e.g. a bimodal one, is suspected. If the distribution actually is a standard shape, such as normal or lognormal, the bootstrap estimate is often as good as the normal. Situations are also identified where the bootstrap procedure should not be used, and suggestions are made for further research.
Utility of malonate-initiated polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (1999)

We have studied the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with cesium and tetramethylammonium salts of diethyl 2-ethylmalonate carbanion. For polymerizations initiated at room temperature, no effort was made to control the exotherm. The polymerizations proceeded with high conversions and produced polymers characterized by broad polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 2–3). We consistently observed Mn (exptl) < Mn(calcd) for target = 50,000–300,000 g/mol; we observed an apparent upper limit for Mn of 60,000–70,000 g/mol. Chain transfer from impurities in reagents was eliminated as the source of molecular weight lowering. Oligomeric samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry; results were best explained by methoxide initiation of the polymerization. No evidence for malonate end groups was observed in the mass spectra. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 615–620, 1999
Low-bandgap conjugated polymer for high efficient photovoltaic applications (2010)

We investigate the morphological and performance of organic photovoltaics based on blended films of alternating poly(thiophene-phenylene-thiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C(71)-butyric acid methyl ester (PC(71)BM). The resulting fine-scale phase separation leads to enhanced performance and the highest power efficiency (6.4% under AM 1.5G (100 mW cm(-2))) when we use solvent annealing process.
Surface-associated antigens of Treponema pallidum concealed by an inert outer layer. (1982)

Soluble antigens of Treponema pallidum were examined by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against antisera from infected or artificially immunized rabbits. Concentrated suspensions of intact cells did not release antigens after storage at 4 degrees, incubation at 37 degrees, or vortex mixing. Antigens were released after disintegration of treponemes by ultrasonic vibration, or by treatment with non-ionic or anionic detergents. An antigenic component of sonicated treponemes, present in both the non-pathogenic, cultivable Reiter treponeme and T. Pallidum, was identified as axial filament. The combination of antibody with unfixed whole organisms was monitored by an indirect fluorescent antibody method, and whereas antibody did not combine with intact organisms, detergent-treated organisms were highly reactive. Immune electron microscopy showed that whereas in intact treponemes, axial filaments were unable to combine with antibody, detergent treatment allowed access to axial filaments by antibody. In intact treponemes the axial filaments are thought to be located beneath the outer membrane, which may thus comprise the postulated antigenically inert outer layer.
Introduction (1990)

To understand both Walpole and Britain in the first half of the eighteenth century it is necessary to appreciate their seventeenth-century background. This was the period when the leading politicians were born and grew up. Of the leading Whigs, Stanhope was born in 1673, Townshend and Sunderland in 1674, Walpole in 1676, Argyll in 1678, Ilay in 1682, Pulteney in 1684 and Newcastle in 1693. Of the leading Tories, Strafford was born in 1672, Shippen in 1673, Bolingbroke in 1678 and Wyndham in 1687. These were years of serious instability and conflict. The main interrelated causes were religious, political and dynastic. Religious conflict was central to the great events of the seventeenth century. The English Civil War can best be appreciated, especially if its Scottish and Irish dimensions are included, as a war of religion. James II (1685–8) was ousted in the so-called Glorious Revolution largely because of the suspicion that he would try to enforce his own Catholicism on his subjects. Religious differences and suspicions corroded the loyalty and obedience to the sovereign that so much contemporary political thought preached. Religion was not only a matter for politicians. People who were in the wrong Church were deprived of a wide variety of what would today be considered rights but were then thought of as privileges, such as the right to vote or to be an MP, to hold political and government office, to establish schools or to go to university. The anti-Catholic hysteria that accompanied the Popish Plot of 1678 and the violence that was directed against Dissenters (the growing denomination of Protestants who were not members of the Church of England) testified to the force of religious passion in the politics of the period and the extent to which it was by no means confined to those who wielded political power.
Using the collaborative evidence-based practice model: a systematic review and uptake of chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge dressings in a tertiary cancer centre (2012)

Background Greater research utilisation in cancer nursing practice is needed in Australia in order to provide well-informed and effective nursing care to people affected by cancer. This paper reports the implementation of evidence-based practice in a tertiary cancer care centre.Methods Using a case report design, this paper reports on the use of the Collaborative Model for Evidence-Based Practice in an Australian tertiary cancer care centre. The clinical case describes the uptake of routine application of chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge dressings for preventing centrally inserted catheter-related bloodstream infections – a common problem in people with cancer.  The processes that resulted in a service-wide practice change are described.Results This model was considered a feasible method for successful research utilisation. In this case report, the chlorhexidineimpregnated sponge dressings were introduced in the tertiary cancer care centre with the aim of reducing the incidence of centrally inserted catheter-related bloodstream infections and potentially improving patient health outcomes.Conclusion The collaborative model is feasible and effective for implementing clinical evidence into cancer nursing practice. Thesuccessful implementation of evidence-based practice in cancer care centres requires cancer nurses and health administrators to ensurea supportive infrastructure and environment for clinical inquiry and research utilisation.
A Functional Alternative Splicing Mutation in AIRE Gene Causes Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 (2013)

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease defined by the presence of two of the three conditions: mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease. Loss-of-function mutations of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene have been linked to APS-1. Here we report mutational analysis and functional characterization of an AIRE mutation in a consanguineous Chinese family with APS-1. All exons of the AIRE gene and adjacent exon-intron sequences were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. We identified a homozygous missense AIRE mutation c.463G>A (p.Gly155Ser) in two siblings with different clinical features of APS-1. In silico splice-site prediction and minigene analysis were carried out to study the potential pathological consequence. Minigene splicing analysis and subsequent cDNA sequencing revealed that the AIRE mutation potentially compromised the recognition of the splice donor of intron 3, causing alternative pre-mRNA splicing by intron 3 retention. Furthermore, the aberrant AIRE transcript was identified in a heterozygous carrier of the c.463G>A mutation. The aberrant intron 3-retaining transcript generated a truncated protein (p.G155fsX203) containing the first 154 AIRE amino acids and followed by 48 aberrant amino acids. Therefore, our study represents the first functional characterization of the alternatively spliced AIRE mutation that may explain the pathogenetic role in APS-1.
Patterning Nanoparticles in a Three-Dimensional Matrix Using an Electric-Field-Assisted Gel Transferring Technique (2012)

In this paper, we describe an electric-field-assisted gel transferring technique for patterning on two- and three-dimensional media. The transfer process starts with the preparation of a block of agarose gel doped with charged nanoparticles or molecules on top of a screen mask with desired patterns. This gel/mask construct is then brought into contact with the appropriate receiving medium, such as a polymer membrane or a piece of flat hydrogel. An electric field is applied to transfer the doped charged nanoparticles or molecules into the receiving medium with a pattern defined by the screen mask. This printing method is rapid and convenient, the results are reproducible, and the process can be done without using expensive micro/nanofabrication facilities. The capability to pattern structures such as arrays of nanoparticles into three-dimensional hydrogels may find applications for positioning cell signaling molecules to control cell growth and migration.
Indications and Accuracy of Operative Cholangiography (1980)

We have demonstrated that operative cholangiography can be done accurately, rapidly, and without any increase in morbidity. We recommend that operative cholangiography be performed routinely on all patients undergoing cholecystectomy for these reasons: (1) It permits accurate demonstration of the presence or absence of intraductal calculi, thereby decreasing the number of unnecessary duct explorations. (2) It permits demonstration of the number and size of common duct stones, when their presence is highly suspected. (3) It permits recognition of a small but substantial number of patients with unsuspected common duct stones. (4) It permits demonstration of operative ductal anatomy, thereby reducing the chance of inadvertent iatrogenic injury. (5)It permits recognition of unsuspected biliary or periampullary tumors. (6) It is an accurate method and facilitates the performance and accurate interpretation of postoperative T-tube cholangiography.
Inner Core Strength of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones (2002)

The evolution of the wind field beyond the radius of maximum winds is studied for 18 Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) with 989 research and reconnaissance flight legs. Inner core strength, defined as the storm relative mean tangential wind from 65 to 140 km from the circulation center for a given flight leg, is shown to be linearly correlated with tropical cyclone intensity. Inner core strengthening coincides with deepening, but as a hurricane decays, the inner core may exhibit a wider range of behavior. During an eyewall replacement cycle inner core strength and intensity become out of phase. Inner core strength tends to be axisymmetric as no quadrant maintains a higher inner core strength than the other quadrants for more than a day. Increases of inner core strength occur throughout the entire 65–140-km radial distance and, thus, are not due to the higher winds found in rainbands alone. The authors speculate that inner core strength, being relatively close to the circulation center, responds efficiently to heat and momentum sources in the eyewall. The behavior differences between inner core strength in these hurricanes and outer core strength in typhoons discussed in earlier works are chiefly a function of distance from the eyewall and appear consistent in light of currently accepted theoretical arguments.
The Gazayerli Knot-Tying Instrument* or Ligator for Use in Diverse Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures (1991)

An instrument for accurately and expeditiously tightening extracorporeal knots during laparoscopic surgery is presented. This instrument has been used successfully in a variety of laparoscopic procedures such as herniorrhaphy, cholecystectomy, oophorectomy, and others in which sutures were required to complete the operation.
NT-3 combined with CNTF promotes survival of neurons in modiolus-spiral ganglion explants (1995)

Auditory neurons depend upon the integrity of both their peripheral (auditory hair cells) and central (cochlear nucleus) targets for survival. One proposed trophic mechanism is the production of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) by auditory hair cells. Modiolus-spiral ganglion explants from adult rats that closely mirror cell-cell interactions and in vivo tissue relationships within this ganglion provide a model for testing trophic factors. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were tested for their ability, both individually and in combination, to support neuronal survival. NT-3 was the strongest individual promoter of survival, while CNTF (a cytokine) with NT-3 (a neurotrophin) was the most effective combination for promoting the survival of auditory neurons.
Introduction of functional artificial introns into the naturally intronless ura4 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1989)

Insertion of a 36-base-pair (bp) synthetic oligonucleotide comprising the sequence 5'-GTAGGT(19N)CTAAT (4N)AG-3' into several different positions within the coding region of the naturally intronless ura4 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe leads to an efficiently spliced gene producing a functional product. This suggests that the proper signals within an intron are sufficient to initiate and complete a splicing event independent of the location of the intron in the gene. Point mutations in the 5' junction (5'-GTAGGT-3') and in the putative branch sequence (5'-CTAAT-3') affect splicing efficiency significantly. A G-to-A transition at the first nucleotide at the 5' splice junction (5'-ATAGGT-3') abolishes the use of the authentic splice junction and leads to the increased use of an alternative splice site. No functional product is produced from this transcript. An A-to-G transition of the second A in the putative branch sequence (5'-CTAGT-3') lowers the splicing efficiency drastically, but still results in a functional gene product. Furthermore, extension of the 36-bp intron to introns more than 180 bp in size abolishes splicing, suggesting that the splicing apparatus might be restricted to very short introns. We discuss the possibility that S. pombe introns represent a simple type of eucaryotic intron.
Introduction to Numerical Continuation Methods (2003)

From the Publisher:
Introduction to Numerical Continuation Methods continues to be useful for researchers and graduate students in mathematics, sciences, engineering, economics, and business looking for an introduction to computational methods for solving a large variety of nonlinear systems of equations. A background in elementary analysis and linear algebra is adequate preparation for reading this book; some knowledge from a first course in numerical analysis may also be helpful.
Tinnitus, Diminished Sound-Level Tolerance, and Elevated Auditory Activity in Humans With Clinically Normal Hearing Sensitivity (2010)

Phantom sensations and sensory hypersensitivity are disordered perceptions that characterize a variety of intractable conditions involving the somatosensory, visual, and auditory modalities. We report physiological correlates of two perceptual abnormalities in the auditory domain: tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound, and hyperacusis, a decreased tolerance of sound based on loudness. Here, subjects with and without tinnitus, all with clinically normal hearing thresholds, underwent 1) behavioral testing to assess sound-level tolerance and 2) functional MRI to measure sound-evoked activation of central auditory centers. Despite receiving identical sound stimulation levels, subjects with diminished sound-level tolerance (i.e., hyperacusis) showed elevated activation in the auditory midbrain, thalamus, and primary auditory cortex compared with subjects with normal tolerance. Primary auditory cortex, but not subcortical centers, showed elevated activation specifically related to tinnitus. The results directly link hyperacusis and tinnitus to hyperactivity within the central auditory system. We hypothesize that the tinnitus-related elevations in cortical activation may reflect undue attention drawn to the auditory domain, an interpretation consistent with the lack of tinnitus-related effects subcortically where activation is less potently modulated by attentional state. The data strengthen, at a mechanistic level, analogies drawn previously between tinnitus/hyperacusis and other, nonauditory disordered perceptions thought to arise from neural hyperactivity such as chronic neuropathic pain and photophobia.