gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Algorithm for View and Illumination Invariant Image Matching (2011)

The challenges in local-feature-based image matching are variations of view and illumination. Many methods have been recently proposed to address these problems by using invariant feature detectors and distinctive descriptors. However, the matching performance is still unstable and inaccurate, particularly when large variation in view or illumination occurs. In this paper, we propose a view and illumination invariant image-matching method. We iteratively estimate the relationship of the relative view and illumination of the images, transform the view of one image to the other, and normalize their illumination for accurate matching. Our method does not aim to increase the invariance of the detector but to improve the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the matching results. The performance of matching is significantly improved and is not affected by the changes of view and illumination in a valid range. The proposed method would fail when the initial view and illumination method fails, which gives us a new sight to evaluate the traditional detectors. We propose two novel indicators for detector evaluation, namely, valid angle and valid illumination, which reflect the maximum allowable change in view and illumination, respectively. Extensive experimental results show that our method improves the traditional detector significantly, even in large variations, and the two indicators are much more distinctive.
Enzymatic Iodination of Protein (1973)

1. The initial rate of I 2 formation catalyzed by horse‐radish peroxidase exhibited a clear sigmoid relationship with respect to the concentration of I − . These data were found to fit an equation based on a model which predicts a second‐order dependence on iodide concentration and are consistent with a bimolecular reaction between two I − ions on the surface of the enzyme. Such a model presumes two sites for the substrate on the enzyme. 2. The initial rate of lysozyme iodination also exhibited a clear sigmoid relationship with respect to concentration of I − . The sigmoidicity increased with the lysozyme concentration. These experimental data fit a random‐ordered sequence of substrate fixation but with one of the two possible sequences kinetically preferred. These results also suggest that lysozyme interacts with the enzyme and that there are two sites for substrate addition on the surface of the enzyme. 3. When the ratio of the concentrations of both substrates, iodide and lysozyme, is varied, the rates of formation of each product, I 2 or iodinated protein, also vary; the lower the iodide/protein ratio, the lower the I 2 yield and the higher the rate of protein iodination. Studies on the influence of pH on the nature of the product showed that I 2 formation is favored at acidic pH and protein iodination at more alkaline pH. These results are also consistent with a two‐site model for the enzyme, both sites being able to fix either two iodide ions or one iodide ion and one lysozyme molecule. The affinity of the sites for each one of the two substrates differs according to the pH. This conclusion was confirmed by the observation that iodination of free tyrosine could be obtained with very good yields provided that the pH of the reaction was adjusted to avoid either complete dimerization of free tyrosine, which is favored at alkaline pH, or I 2 formation which is favored at low pH. 4. These results and other quantitative data on the stoichiometry of H 2 O 2 consumption do not establish unequivocally which is the oxidized iodide‐reacting species, I + or I°. However, they indicate that I 2 is not the iodinating species in the protein iodination reaction catalyzed by horse‐radish peroxidase.
Low drive voltage optical phase modulator with novel InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiple-quantum-barrier based n-i-n heterostructure (2013)

An optical phase modulator based on novel n-i-n InGaAlAs/InAlAs multiple-quantum-barrier (MQBs) is proposed to reduce the waveguide loss and enhance the modulation efficiency. Efficient bias loading with low leakage current is realized by taking advantages of the large conduction band discontinuity in InGaAlAs/InAlAs heterostructure and high electron reflection by MQBs. Low optical transmission loss of 2.3 dB/cm and improved modulation performance with a voltage length product of 1.06 V⋅cm are demonstrated for TE mode at 1550 nm. The linear and quadratic electro-optic coefficients of the fabricated device are estimated to be 1.0 pm/V and 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁹ m²/V², respectively.
Unsettled Imaginations (2004)

For many of us, the conclusion of a year prompts reflection and projection. What do we think we know or have learned—and how might we unsettle it? This challenging issue of Art Journal invites us to consider the agency and errancy of art. Our cover story is Carol Becker's disquieting, yet hopeful essay on memory cloths created by South African women who were victims of apartheid. The Amazwi Abesifazane project invited the women to respond to the theme “a day I will never forget.” Their images of events they had witnessed or experienced searingly depict the dreadful consequences of systematic repression and discrimination. This project uses the resources of traumatic memory, creative vision, and the reconstruction of community to imagine futures of change.
Hydrotreating biomass liquids to produce hydrocarbon fuels (1986)

Experimentation is underway at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to investigate the thermochemical transformation of biomass to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Recent emphasis has been on the upgrading of the crude oil from biomass to the finished hydrocarbon. Specifically, catalytic hydrotreating of the crude oil is performed to reduce the molecular weight and remove oxygen. Experimentation has involved the use of a continuous-feed, fixed-bed catalytic reactor to hydrodeoxygenate and hydrocrack the biomass crude oils at conditions of 250/sup 0/C to 400/sup 0/C and 2000 psig. Catalysts and conditions similar to those used in petroleum hydrotreating have been used to produce a nearly pure hydrocarbon liquid product. The process optimization has emphasized minimizing hydrogen consumption in order to maintain the aromatic character of the product and minimize gas production. Both wood-derived high-pressure liquefaction oils and flash-pyrolysis oils have been used as feedstocks for hydrodeoxygenation. Research results are presented pertaining to a two-step hydrotreating process designed for the pyrolysis oils. In the first step, a low-temperature (270/sup 0/C) catalytic (sulfided cobalt-molybdenum) treatment is used to process the thermally unstable pyrolyzate into a tar similar in characteristics to the high-pressure liquefaction product. This tar can then be hydrodeoxygenated and hydrocracked by conventional hydrotreating techniques to amore » high octane gasoline. 15 refs., 7 tabs.« less
Enzymatic assay of d-mannose in serum (1997)

We describe a new and improved enzymatic assay for determining the concentration of D-mannose in sera. Serum D-glucose is selectively converted to glucose-6 phosphate with the highly specific thermostable glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The anionic reaction products and excess substrates are removed by a rapid and simple anion-exchange chromatography step in microcentrifuge spin columns. D-Mannose in the glucose-depleted sample is then assayed spectrophotometrically by using coupled enzymatic reactions. The quantitative elimination of glucose from the serum samples allowed the accurate and reproducible assay of serum mannose in the 0-200 mumol/L range. Recovery of mannose added to serum (5-200 mumol/L) was 94% +/- 4.4%. The intraassay CV was 6.7% at 40 mumol/L mannose (n = 5; 39.6 +/- 1.6 mumol/L) and 4.4% at 80 mumol/L (n = 11; 75.0 +/- 1.8 mumol/L); the interassay CV at these concentrations was 12.2% (n = 7; 36.9 +/- 2.1 mumol/L) and 9.8% (n = 7; 74.2 +/- 2.7 mumol/L), respectively. Sera from 11 healthy human volunteers contained an average of 54.1 +/- 11.9 mumol/L mannose (range 36-81 mumol/L).
Pyrvinium, a potent small molecule <scp>Wnt</scp> inhibitor, increases engraftment and inhibits lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (<scp>MSCs</scp>) (2012)

We and others have found that Wnt signaling inhibition is important in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) self-renewal. Pyrvinium was identified as a potent Wnt inhibitor in a chemical screen for small molecules. In the present study, we hypothesized that pyrvinium will enhance MSC self-renewal to improve the clinical efficacy of MSC therapy. Pyrvinium increased MSC proliferation in vitro while inhibiting their osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage commitment by reducing cytoplasmic β-catenin. Although MSCs are a promising target for cell therapy, strategies to enhance their survival and maintain their stemness in the wounded area are essential. Using an in vivo model of granulation tissue formation, we demonstrated that pyrvinium enhanced long-term MSC engraftment. Pyrvinium-treated MSC-generated granulation tissue also demonstrated less ectopic differentiation into bone or cartilage. This study highlights the potential of using a therapeutic Wnt inhibitor to enhance MSC-driven regenerative therapy.
Schistosomiasis:progress and problems (2000)

INTRODUCTIONSchistosomiasis,also commonly known asbilharziasis,is one of the most significant parasiticdiseases of humans.A report of World HealthOrganization in 1996 estimated that over 200 millionpeople were infested worldwide,mainly in ruralagricultural and periurban areas.Of these,20million suffer severe consequences from the disease
Improving Accessing Efficiency of Cloud Storage Using De-Duplication and Feedback Schemes (2014)

File distribution and storage in a cloud storage environment is usually handled by storage device providers or physical storage devices rented from third parties. Files can be integrated into useful resources that users are then able to access via centralized management and virtualization. Nevertheless, when the number of files continues to increase, the condition of every storage node cannot be guaranteed by the manager. High volumes of files will result in wasted hardware resources, increased control complexity of the data center, and a less efficient cloud storage system. Therefore, in order to reduce workloads due to duplicate files, we propose the index name servers (INS) to manage not only file storage, data de-duplication, optimized node selection, and server load balancing, but also file compression, chunk matching, real-time feedback control, IP information, and busy level index monitoring. To manage and optimize the storage nodes based on the client-side transmission status by our proposed INS, all nodes must elicit optimal performance and offer suitable resources to clients. In this way, not only can the performance of the storage system be improved, but the files can also be reasonably distributed, decreasing the workload of the storage nodes.
The Solubility of Intramuscular Collagen in Meat Animals of Various Ages (1966)

SUMMARY The percentage of total intramuscular collagen solubilized by heating in 1/4‐strength Ringer's solution, muscles from 98 cattle, 15 sheep, and 9 pigs at 77°C for 1 hour decreased as chronological age increased. Total intramuscular collagen was high in very young (8‐9 weeks) bo vines and in two of the three very old (7‐15 years) bovines studied. In the age range of 16 weeks to d1/2 years, variation in total bovine intramuscular collagen was wide. There was no indication of a systematic increase as age increased. The results provide strong presumptive evidence of an increase with age in the number or strength of the cross links of intramuscular collagen and furnish an acceptable explanation as to why total amounts of intramuscular collagen are inadequate to explain toughness associated with increasing chronological age.
Enantioselective total synthesis of miroestrol (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective total synthesis of miroestrolE. J. Corey and Laurence I. WuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 20, 9327–9328Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00073a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00073a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2845Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Determination of chymosin and bovine pepsin A in commercial bovine rennets and pepsins (1981)

International audience
Soft, stretchable, high power density electronic skin-based biofuel cells for scavenging energy from human sweat (2017)

A soft, stretchable wearable biofuel cell producing ∼1 mW power from sweat is presented.
Terpyridine-Analogous (N,N,C)-Tridentate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Pyridinium and Pyridinylidene Ligands (2003)

The cyclometalated complexes [RuL(terpy)][PF6]2 (3, L = N‘ ‘-methyl-4‘-methylthio-2,2‘:6‘,4‘ ‘-terpyridinium; 4, L = N‘ ‘-methyl-4‘-methylthio-2,2‘:6‘,3‘ ‘-terpyridinium) with a (N,N,N)(N,N,C)-coordination mode were synthesized in good yields and fully characterized by X-ray crystallographic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical measurements. 13C{1H} NMR and electronic spectra revealed that the Ru−C bond of complex 4, which has a quaternized N-Me unit at the para-position of the carbon atom bonding to the metal center in the terminal ring of the tridentate ligand, involves carbenic (RuC) character in solution.
Rate and Product Studies of Solvolyses of Benzyl Fluoroformate (2006)

The specific rates of solvolysis of benzyl fluoroformate have been measured inseveral hydroxylic solvents at 25.0 °C. For methanolysis, the solvent deuterium isotopeeffect and activation parameters were determined and activation parameters were alsodetermined for solvolyses in ethanol and 80% ethanol. For several of the binary hydroxylicsolvents, measurement of product ratios allowed selectivity values to be determined. Anextended Grunwald–Winstein treatment of the data led to sensitivities to changes in solventnucleophilicity and ionizing power. Comparison with previously determined specific ratesfor solvolysis of the chloroformate gave fluorine/chlorine rate ratios greater than unity. Allof the determinations made were consistent with an addition–elimination (association–dissociation) mechanism, with addition rate-determining.
MACROPHAGE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (MIF) IN MENINGOCOCCAL SEPTIC SHOCK AND EXPERIMENTAL HUMAN ENDOTOXEMIA (2007)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mediator of innate immunity and important in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha are reported to be inducers of MIF. We studied MIF and cytokines in vivo in patients with meningococcal disease, in human experimental endotoxemia, and in whole blood cultures using a newly developed sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty patients with meningococcal disease were investigated. For the human endotoxemia model, 8 healthy volunteers were intravenously injected with 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli LPS. Whole blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with LPS or heat-killed meningococci. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration in blood was increased during meningococcal disease and highest in the patients presenting with shock compared with patients without shock. Plasma concentration of MIF correlated with disease severity, the presence of shock and with the cytokines interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-10, IL-12, and vascular endothelial growth factor, but not with TNF-alpha. MIF was not detected in blood in experimental endotoxemia, nor after stimulation of whole blood with LPS or meningococci, although high levels of TNF-alpha were seen in both models. In conclusion, MIF is increased in patients with meningococcal disease and highest in the presence of shock. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor cannot be detected in a human endotoxemia model and is not produced by whole blood cells incubated with LPS or meningococci.
Soil-Monitoring Sensor Powered by Temperature Difference between Air and Shallow Underground Soil (2020)

Energy harvesting (EH) technologies are useful for the semi-permanent operation of wireless sensor networks, especially, for agricultural monitoring as the networks need to be installed in large areas where power supply is unavailable. In this paper, we propose a battery-free soil-monitoring sensor for agriculture, which leverages the temperature difference between near-surface air and shallow underground soil using a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The performance of systems driven by the TEG mainly depends on the average temperature between the hot and cold sides of the TEG (T) and the temperature difference across the TEG (ΔT). If T is low and ΔT is small, it is challenging to earn enough power to drive wireless microcontroller unit; however, with our dedicated electric circuit, and thermal designs including impedance matching of thermal circuit and suppression of heat loss, the sensor can harvest more than a hundred microwatt on average from the temperature difference between the air and underground soil at a depth of 30 cm. The performance of the energy harvester is evaluated both by numerical analysis using temperature data collected from various farm fields and by a prototype implementation. Moreover, the prototype was deployed to farm fields in Japan and India. Our field experiment results revealed that the prototype could harvest 100 μW-370 μW on average, and drive a wireless microcontroller unit to perform soil monitoring.
Function and Distribution of .BETA.3-Adrenoceptors in Rat, Rabbit and Human Urinary Bladder and External Urethral Sphincter. (2000)

1. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors causes relaxation of the urinary bladder and contraction of the external urethral sphincter, which consists of fast-contracting skeletal muscles. A beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol, recently has been developed as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of urinary incontinence, however beta2-adrenoceptor agonists have undesirable effects on cardiac and striated muscle function. 2. In this study, we compared the effects of the beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol and of a novel beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, GS332, on urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter function in rat, rabbit and human. We also determined the distribution of beta3-adrenoceptors in human urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter, using radioligand-binding techniques. 3. Clenbuterol induced marked relaxations in rat, rabbit and human urinary bladder smooth muscles and also induced marked contractions in rat periurethral striated muscles (external urethral sphincter), while GS332 induced marked relaxations in rat and human, but not in rabbit, urinary bladder smooth muscles and induced small contractions in rat periurethral striated muscles. 4. The radioligand binding studies showed presence of beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptors in human urinary bladder, external urethral sphincter and abdominal rectus muscles. The affinities of GS332 were the highest in urinary bladder and the lowest in the skeletal (abdominal rectus) muscles, while the affinities of clenbuterol were similar in urinary bladder, external urethral sphincter and the skeletal (abdominal rectus) muscles. 5. These results suggest that GS332 could, similarly clenbuterol, have a role in the treatment of urinary frequency and urinary incontinence.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF 1H‐PYRAZINO(2,3‐E)‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZINE DERIVATIVES (1985)

Abstract Die aus dem Chlor‐hydrazino‐pyrazin (Ia) zugänglichen Thiosemicarbazide (Ib)‐(Id) werden thermisch zu den Pyrazinothiadiazinen (IIa)‐(IId) cyclisiert, aus denen die Derivate (Ile) ‐ (IIg) hergestellt werden.
Fangschreckenkrebse – Superlative in der Tierwelt (2019)

Superlative begeistern Kinder und Jugendliche. Fangschreckenkrebse (Stomatopoden) zeigen einige Merkmale, die man als „Superlative“ bezeichnen könnte. Zunächst fallen dabei die Fangmechanismen der Stomatopoden auf. Man unterscheidet gemein gebräuchlich sogenannte “Speerer” und “Boxer”. Die “Speerer” erreichen mit ihrem großen Raubbein eine Geschwindigkeit von über 100 km/h beim Beutefang, eine der schnellsten muskelvermittelten Bewegungen in der Tierwelt. Die “Boxer“ erzeugen eine Krafteinwirkung ähnlich einem Wolfsbiss oder einer Kleinkaliberkugel mit darauffolgender Druckwelle zum Zertrümmern der Schalen von Beutetieren. Außerdem ist der Besitz eines der besonderen optischen Apparate mit den meisten Fotorezeptortypen im gesamten Tierreich beeindruckend (Cronin et al. 2017). Doch nicht nur diese Superlative machen die Fangschreckenkrebse für den Unterricht interessant. Fangschreckenkrebse sind leicht und kostengünstig zu besorgen und mit einer Verkaufsgröße von bis zu ca. 25 cm sind die Extremitäten gut und anschaulich zu präparieren. Die Extremitäten weisen eine morphologische Vielfalt auf, die als Angepasstheiten an die unterschiedlichen Funktionen zu verstehen sind. So lassen sich die vielfältigen Variationen einer grundlegenden Körperorganisation am Original zeigen.