gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New General Methodology for the Syntheses of End-Functional Polyisobutylenes by Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (2008)

The syntheses of end-functional polyisobutylenes (PIBs) including hydroxy, amino, carboxy, azide, propargyl, methoxy, and thymine end groups have been accomplished using nucleophilic substitution reactions. SN2 reactions on PIB-Allyl-X (X = Cl or Br), the trans-1,4 addition product of the capping reaction of living PIB with 1,3-butadiene, with different nucleophiles successfully yielded the corresponding PIB-Allyl-OH, PIB-Allyl-OMe, PIB-Allyl-NH2, PIB-Allyl-OCH2C≡CH, PIB-Allyl-N3, and PIB-Allyl-CH2COOH with quantitative functionalization as determined by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and matrix-assisted time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. As expected, the rate of substitution was faster with PIB-Allyl-Br compared to PIB-Allyl-Cl. GPC analysis of the precursor PIB-Allyl-X and the products indicated that the polymer chain is unaffected by the substitution reactions. The synthesis of hydroxy telechelic PIBs was also achieved using X-Allyl-PIB-Allyl-X at reaction conditions similar to that employed for the preparation of PIB-Allyl-OH. The methodology was extended to the synthesis of PIB block copolymers by employing polymeric nucleophiles. PIB-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of PIB-Allyl-Cl with PEO-O−Na+.
Immunotherapy with partially purified and standardized tree pollen extracts (1988)

Patients allergic to pollen from alder, birch and hazel were hyposensitized during a 3-year period with either birch pollen extract alone (n = 24) or a mixture of one or more of alder, birch and hazel pollen extracts (n = 27). The effect of the treatment was evaluated by RAST and tandem crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (tandem-CRIE). The patient' specific IgE response to the major allergens of alder (Aln g I), birch (Bet v I) and hazel (Cor a I and Cor a II), as measured by tandem-CRIE, and the total specific IgE response, measured by RAST, decreased significantly (Pc less than 0.05) during immunotherapy, irrespective of the extract used during the treatment. There was no significant difference (Pc less than 0.05) between the two treatment groups. The results obtained indicate either that birch pollen extract alone is adequate in the treatment of the studied patient group or the patients had been sensitized towards birch pollen alone.
Detection of breathing sounds during sleep using non-contact audio recordings (2014)

Evaluation of respiratory activity during sleep is essential in order to reliably diagnose sleep disorder breathing (SDB); a condition associated with serious cardio-vascular morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we developed and validated a robust automatic breathing-sounds (i.e. inspiratory and expiratory sounds) detection system of audio signals acquired during sleep. Random forest classifier was trained and tested using inspiratory/expiratory/noise events (episodes), acquired from 84 subjects consecutively and prospectively referred to SDB diagnosis in sleep laboratory and in at-home environment. More than 560,000 events were analyzed, including a variety of recording devices and different environments. The system's overall accuracy rate is 88.8%, with accuracy rate of 91.2% and 83.6% in in-laboratory and at-home environments respectively, when classifying between inspiratory, expiratory, and noise classes. Here, we provide evidence that breathing-sounds can be reliably detected using non-contact audio technology in at-home environment. The proposed approach may improve our understanding of respiratory activity during sleep. This in return, will improve early SDB diagnosis and treatment.
Differential Transcriptional Regulation of Rat Vasopressin Gene Expression by Estrogen Receptor   and   (2000)

Neuronal expression of vasopressin messenger RNA (mRNA) and peptide has been shown to be estrogen dependent. A 5.5-kb genomic DNA fragment, 5′ of the AVP coding region, was used in luciferase reporter assays to measure transcriptional activation by either estrogen receptor α orβ in response to various treatments. ERα and ERβ displayed differential regulation of the AVP promoter. SK-N-SH cells transfected with ERα exhibited increased luciferase activity in response to estrogen, and the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), Tamoxifen, and ICI 182,780. Cells transfected with ERβ exhibited a high constitutive activity, which is unchanged by exposure to SERMs but can be inhibited by estrogen. Deletion of 1.5 kb from the 5′ end or mutation of a single estrogen response element (ERE)-like sequence resulted in loss of estrogen-dependent induction by ERα and increased the ability of estrogen to inhibit the high constitutive activity of ERβ. The distal ERE-containing 1.5-kb fragment, when coupled to luciferase, is able to support both ERα and ERβ mediated activation of transcription by estrogen. These results suggest that a single ERE in the distal 1.5-kb portion of the 5.5-kb fragment contains the primary positive estrogen responsive sequences for ERα and ERβ. The data also suggest that sequences proximal to this element serve to inhibit transcription mediated by ERβ.
An integrated graphical development and debug environment supporting a multi-function parallel analog test instrument (2007)

This paper describes a software environment for experimentation, test development, and debugging that will address the needs of the test engineer. The environment allows the test engineer to interactively control multiple source and measurement functions from a single graphical environment. The environment also supports mathematical operations on source and measurement functions. During the experimentation and development phases, source and measurement information is clearly visible in a manner consistent with traditional bench top instrumentation. To support automated testing, the environment can be used to generate test code that reflects the state of the environment. This code can also be used to provide examples of how to program the instrument for various functions to assist in the creation of automatic test programs.
Optimization of carbon-supported platinum catalysts for fuel cell electrodes (1980)

The objective of this program was to optimize electrodes using the carbon-supported platinum catalysts at the operating conditions required for use in methanol-air, phosphoric-acid electrolyte, fuel cell power plants for U.S. Army applications. Cathodes using proprietary, supported-platinum catalyst, GSA-6, were fabricated with various degrees of hydrophobicity by adjusting the Teflon content in the catalyst layer and by changing the Teflon sintering cycle. These cathodes were tested with supported-platinum anodes in eighteen subscale cells at the Army power plant operating conditions for periods exceeding 5000 hours. The optimum structure, on the basis of peak cell voltage, endurance stability, and manufacturing reproducibility was found to be one containing 47.5% Teflon. A standard United proprietary anode catalyst showed satisfactory peak performance and endurance stability. The cells with optimized electrodes exceeded the program 500-hour performance goal of 0.620V at 200 mA/cubic centimeters by 0.020V. The 6000-hour performance goal of 0.590 V at 200 mA/cubic centimeters was projected to be exceeded by 0.036 to 0.038 V (based on over 4000 hours of operation).
Programmed temperature gas chromatography for identification of ester plasticizers (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProgrammed temperature gas chromatography for identification of ester plasticizersAnoop. KrishenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 8, 1130–1132Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60303a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60303a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inferring the directionality of coupling with conditional mutual information (2008)

Uncovering the directionality of coupling is a significant step in understanding drive-response relationships in complex systems. In this paper, we discuss a nonparametric method for detecting the directionality of coupling based on the estimation of information theoretic functionals. We consider several different methods for estimating conditional mutual information. The behavior of each estimator with respect to its free parameter is shown using a linear model where an analytical estimate of conditional mutual information is available. Numerical experiments in detecting coupling directionality are performed using chaotic oscillators, where the influence of the phase extraction method and relative frequency ratio is investigated.
Lymphocyte Transformation Testing for Quantifying Metal-Implant-Related Hypersensitivity Responses (2004)

Hypersensitivity to metallic implants has been documented in case reports and cohort studies. However, this phenomenon remains unpredictable and poorly understood. There is continuing concern about the extrapolation of dermal patch testing to the periimplant environment. The utility of lymphocyte transformation testing (LTT) for predicting implant-related sensitivity in orthopedic patients was evaluated by contrasting LTT and patch-testing protocols and examining original cohort LTT data of subjects with and without implants. LTT of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed, using four groups: (1) age-matched controls; (2) patients with osteoarthritis (preimplant), with and without dermal metal sensitivity; and (3) patients with total hip arthroplasty. A stimulation index of greater than 2 ( p < .05) indicated metal sensitivity. Patients with osteoarthritis and a history of metal sensitivity were more reactive to nickel than were those of any other group, as expected (ie, 66% incidence and average stimulation index of > 20). However, subjects with implants (group 3) were threefold more reactive to chromium (p < .04) than were controls (group 1) or subjects with osteoarthritis (group 2). Quantifiable lymphocyte reactivity as exemplified by increased incidence and average reactivity levels was metal implant specific (characteristic of adaptive immune responses) and suggests that LTT may be useful in the determination of implant-specific sensitivity. Advantages of LTT include quantitative results and the facilitation of multichallenge agent and dose testing. Thus, LTT (provided by laboratories fully disclosing testing methods) may be an additional tool in the armamentarium of physicians.
Phospho.ELM: A database of experimentally verified phosphorylation sites in eukaryotic proteins (2004)

Phospho.ELM will be a valuable tool both for molecular biologists working on protein phosphorylation sites and for bioinformaticians developing computational predictions on the specificity of phosphorylation reactions.
The Regulation of Isoleucine‐Valine Biosynthesis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1968)

Acetohydroxyacid synthetase activity has been characterized, independently of the acetoin‐forming system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a differential colorimetric assay. Maximum pH and K m values have been established for both enzymes with pyruvate as the substrate. Acetolactate formation by acetohydroxyacid synthetase has been shown directly by the separation of dinitrophenylosazones by thin‐layer chromatography. Evidence for the biosynthetic role of the activity measured resides in its presence in wild‐type strains, in its absence in the is 2 class of mutants (isoleucine‐valine auxotrophs) and in its reappearance in prototrophic revertants of these mutants.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF LIQUID GERMANIUM‐TELLURIUM ALLOYS (1976)

Abstract Die Bildungsenthalpien werden durch direkte Reaktionskalorimetrie (Hochtemperatur‐Tian‐Calvet‐Kalorimeter) im Temperaturbereich 1030 T/K l 150 und bei Molenbrüchen 0,25 xGe 1 gemessen.
The Oscillistor—New Type of Semiconductor Oscillator (1960)

A new magneto-oscillatory effect has been observed in the electron-hole plasma within a semiconductor. The plasma can be produced by such agents as contact injection and optical or thermal excitation of minority carriers. When the semiconductor specimen is subjected to an electric field (through suitable contacts) and a magnetic field, current oscillations can be detected across a series load resistance. This device has been termed the oscillistor to suggest a semiconductor oscillator. The experiments suggest that the oscillistor mechanism involves a magnetically induced interaction of the bulk plasma of electrons and holes with the exposed free surface areas of the specimen.
Redefining a Structural Variant of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome <i>mec</i> , SCC <i>mec</i> Type VI (2006)

Previously we identified a SCCmec variant similar in size to type IV but with a new ccrAB allotype, allotype 4. We addressed the epidemiological relevance of this variant and found it among several strains belonging to the same clone. We propose to rename this structural variant SCCmec type VI.
Aerobic fermentation of glucose by trypanosomatids (1992)

The consumption of glucose by trypanosomatid protozoa such as Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., and Crithidia spp. is characterized by the excretion of reduced products such as succinate, pyruvate, ethanol, L-alanine, or lactate (depending on the species) not only in anaerobiosis, but also under aerobic conditions. The "aerobic fermentation" of glucose is accompanied by a complete lack, or even a reversal, of the Pasteur effect. This peculiar catabolism is mediated by a so-far unique compartmentation of the glycolytic enzymes, most of which are placed in an organelle called the glycosome; by an almost complete lack of inhibitory controls at the level of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase; and by a central role of CO2 fixation through the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The production of fermentative products seems to be due to a relative inefficiency of the respiratory chain, which lacks NADH dehydrogenase and the first phosphorylation site and preferentially uses succinate as substrate.
The influence of impeller eccentricity on centrifugal pump (2017)

In order to study the influence of the impeller eccentricity on the performance of centrifugal pump, the k–ε turbulence model was selected, and ANSYS CFX was provided for numerical simulation calculation of the centrifugal pump with impeller offsets of 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm. The results show that with the impeller eccentricity increasing, the head and efficiency become lower. Under the condition of rated flow, with the impeller eccentricity increasing, the area of low pressure at the suction surface of the short blade inlet become smaller gradually; however, the area of low pressure at the suction surface of the long blade inlet become larger, and the pressure at the impeller inlet and tongue become larger too. The corresponding critical net positive suction head increases in turn, as means that the cavitation performance of the pump becomes worse gradually. The bubble volume fraction in the impeller increases with the decrease of the static pressure at the inlet. The bubble first occurs at the inlet of the blade suction surface, and then extends gradually to the channel and even the outlet. Near the rated flow, radial force on the impeller and volute decreases with the increasing of flow, and the radial force characteristic becomes worse gradually with the increasing of the eccentricity.
Isolation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant with a deletion in the virion host shutoff gene and identification of multiple forms of the vhs (UL41) polypeptide (1993)

The virion host shutoff (vhs) gene (UL41) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a virion component that induces degradation of host mRNAs and the shutoff of most host protein synthesis. Subsequently, the vhs protein accelerates the turnover of all kinetic classes of viral mRNA. To identify the vhs (UL41) polypeptide within infected cells and virions, antisera raised against a UL41-lacZ fusion protein were used to characterize the polypeptides encoded by wild-type HSV-1 and two mutants: vhs1, a previously characterized mutant that lacks detectable virion host shutoff activity, and vhs-delta Sma, a newly constructed mutant containing a deletion of 196 codons from UL41. Two forms of the vhs (UL41) polypeptide were identified in cells infected with the wild-type virus or vhs1. Wild-type HSV-1 produced a major 58-kDa polypeptide, as well as a less abundant 59.5-kDa form of the protein, while vhs1 produced 57- and 59-kDa polypeptides that were approximately equally abundant. Although for either virus, both forms of the protein were phosphorylated, they differed in the extent of phosphorylation. While both vhs polypeptides were found in infected cells, only the faster migrating, less phosphorylated form was incorporated into virions. vhs-delta Sma encoded a smaller, 31-kDa polypeptide which, although present in infected cells, was not incorporated into virions. The results identify multiple forms of the vhs (UL41) polypeptide and suggest that posttranslational processing affects its packaging into virions, as well as its ability to induce mRNA degradation.
Medication use as a risk factor for inpatient falls in an acute care hospital: a case‐crossover study (2010)

Medical professionals should be aware of the possibility that starting a new medication such as an antihypertensive agent, including candesartan, and antiparkinsonian, anti-anxiety and hypnotic agents, may act as a trigger for the onset of a fall.
DNA end-joining catalyzed by human cell-free extracts (1998)

Mammalian cells defective in DNA end-joining are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and are immunodeficient because of a failure to complete V(D)J recombination. By using cell-free extracts prepared from human lymphoblastoid cell lines, an in vitro system for end-joining has been developed. Intermolecular ligation was found to be accurate and to depend on DNA ligase IV/Xrcc4 and requires Ku70, Ku86, and DNA-PKcs, the three subunits of the DNA-activated protein kinase DNA-PK. Because these activities are involved in the cellular resistance to x-irradiation and V(D)J recombination, the development of this in vitro system provides an important advance in the study of the mechanism of DNA end-joining in human cells.
Medical prescription of heroin to treatment resistant heroin addicts: two randomised controlled trials (2003)

Supervised coprescription of heroin is feasible, more effective, and probably as safe as methadone alone in reducing the many physical, mental, and social problems of treatment resistant heroin addicts.
Evolution equations for neural networks with arbitrary spatial structure (1989)

The question of how to describe networks in which the range of connections is restricted or in which the connection density is not uniform in space is still unanswered. The purpose of the paper is to remedy this situation for the case where the range of the connections is large compared to the average distance between neighbouring neurons. The number of connections to and from each neuron are assumed to be large as well. The microscopic master equation is used to derive a partial differential equation for the position- and time-dependent correlations between the system state and the stored patterns. The equation can be used to study networks with finite range connections (not necessarily symmetric), the behaviour of domain boundaries and information transport. >
Heuristic algorithms for register allocation (1992)

A model to find the optimal register allocation of program variables, including large strongly connected regions (loops), is presented. The program is represented by a directed control flow graph and assumes that all variables have been allocated to memory locations. The model takes into account the cost and saving times involved in allocating variables to registers in each node of the program in order to maximise the global time saving in program execution. As the solution of this model requires exponential resources (both time and space) in the worse case, two heuristic algorithms with O(m) and O(m2) complexities have been developed. Comparisons between the performance of the two heuristic algorithms and the optimal one are made for a set of representative programs.
Bone density determinations with the multiwire gamma camera and I-125 x-rays (1984)

A lightweight, compact and cost-effective multiwire gamma camera (MGC) has been developed at the Johnson Space Center. Although the major area of application of the device is expected to be nuclear cardiovascular imaging, a number of significant advantages are offered for bone density determinations. Perhaps the most significant of these is the ability to perform measurements very rapidly. Improved speed could lead to much wider application of the technique, both clinically and for space research. The authors have investigated an imaging procedure which is free from collimation. Scatter is minimized in this technique by spreading the source specimen and detector geometry out within manageable limits. Compton scatter contribution in the images is maintained below the 1% level in this technique. Measurements have been performed on both a human os calcis specimen and a set of cylindrical bone phantoms, and compared with measurements using standard I-125 scanning densitometry. Agreement between the two techniques was excellent. Statistical accuracy of overall bone density was determined by repeatedly collecting images at a given acquisition time. It was found that os calcis density could be determined with better than a 1% RMS error at an acquisition time of 100 sec (500 mCi I-125 source). Scanningmore » densitometer required more than 1000 seconds for measurements of similar accuracy.« less