gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathode-Ray Tube Information Center with Automotive Navigation (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development and implementation of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display automotive information center with navigation feature is described. A structured approach to the TRIPMONITOR software graphics system design is explained. It is shown that beneficial results occur when various features are grouped together into one display and operation system. Emphasis is placed on the human factors of this next generation driver's aid.</div>
Optimal Quantile Approximation in Streams (2016)

This paper resolves one of the longest standing basic problems in the streaming computational model. Namely, optimal construction of quantile sketches. An $\varepsilon$ approximate quantile sketch receives a stream of items $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ and allows one to approximate the rank of any query up to additive error $\varepsilon n$ with probability at least $1-δ$. The rank of a query $x$ is the number of stream items such that $x_i \le x$. The minimal sketch size required for this task is trivially at least $1/\varepsilon$. Felber and Ostrovsky obtain a $O((1/\varepsilon)\log(1/\varepsilon))$ space sketch for a fixed $δ$. To date, no better upper or lower bounds were known even for randomly permuted streams or for approximating a specific quantile, e.g.,\ the median. This paper obtains an $O((1/\varepsilon)\log \log (1/δ))$ space sketch and a matching lower bound. This resolves the open problem and proves a qualitative gap between randomized and deterministic quantile sketching. One of our contributions is a novel representation and modification of the widely used merge-and-reduce construction. This subtle modification allows for an analysis which is both tight and extremely simple. Similar techniques should be useful for improving other sketching objectives and geometric coreset constructions.
Surface charge of bacteriorhodopsin detected with covalently bound pH indicators at selected extracellular and cytoplasmic sites (1994)

We present a method that allows the detection of the surface charge density of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) at any selected protein surface site. The optical pH indicator fluorescein was covalently bound to the sulfhydryl groups of single cysteine residues, which were introduced at selected positions in bR by site-directed mutagenesis. On the extracellular side, the positions were in the BC loop (72) and in the DE loop (129-134). On the cytoplasmic side, one position in each loop was labeled: 35 (AB), 101 (CD), 160 (EF), and 231 (carboxy tail). The apparent pKs of fluorescein in these positions were determined for various salt concentrations. The local surface charge density was calculated from the dependence of the apparent pK of the dye on the ionic strength using the Gouy-Chapman equation. The surface charge density at pH 6.6 is more negative on the cytoplasmic side (averaged over all positions, -2.5 +/- 0.2 elementary charges per bR) than on the extracellular side (average, -1.8 +/- 0.2 elementary charges per bR) with little variation along the surface. Since the experiments were performed with electrically neutral CHAPS/DMPC micelles, these values represent the charge present on bR itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evidence that Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity and Ketodicarboxylate Carrier Function Are Essential for Biosynthesis of Transmitter Glutamate (1988)

Based on the selective inhibition of glutamate release in cerebellar granule cells in primary cultures by the aspartate aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, and by the ketodicarboxylate carrier inhibitor, phenylsuccinate, a novel model for synthesis of transmitter glutamate is suggested: Glutamate is formed from glutamine in the mitochondrial intramembrane space by phosphate-activated glutaminase, transported across the inner membrane in exchange with aspartate, transaminated in the matrix to alpha-ketoglutarate, which via the ketodicarboxylate carrier is transferred to the cytoplasm, and transaminated to form transmitter glutamate. Such a mechanism would explain the functional role of aspartate aminotransferase in glutamatergic neurons.
A routing switch based on a silicon-on-insulator mode-mixer (1999)

We propose and analyze a novel routing switch based on a silicon-on-oxide mode-mixer with a metal-oxide-semiconductor electrical configuration. The switch allows spatial switching with 80% contrast, low currents and speeds of the order of 5 MHz.
REVIEW OF METAL, CARBON AND POLYMER NANOPARTICLES FOR INFRARED PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY (2013)

The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of nanoparticles developed for use as photothermal therapy agents (PTT) over the past five years. The main emphasis is on nanoparticles that absorb near infrared (NIR) light for PTT of cancer. Mild hyperthermia, including drug delivery, versus thermal ablation is also discussed. Recent advances in the synthesis of highly anisotropic novel metal nanoparticles for PTT are described. New metals and metal oxide complexes, as well as the use of quantum dots for PTT and as imaging agents are newer areas of development that are explained. This review also highlights current progress in the development of carbon nanoparticles, including reduced graphene oxide for both thermal ablation as well as drug delivery. The review culminates in the recent use electrically conductive polymer nanoparticles for hyperthermia. The advantages and unique features of these contemporary nanoparticles being used for PTT are highlighted. The goal of the present work is to describe the recent evolution of nanoparticles for NIR stimulated PTT, and highlight the innovations and future directions.
Analysis of flavor and fragrance compounds using supercritical fluid extraction coupled with gas chromatography (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of flavor and fragrance compounds using supercritical fluid extraction coupled with gas chromatographySteven B. Hawthorne, Mark S. Krieger, and David J. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 5, 472–477Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00156a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00156a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views950Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Likelihood Ratio Test, Wald Test, and Kuhn-Tucker Test in Linear Models with Inequality Constraints on the Regression Parameters (1982)

This paper considers the problem of testing statistical hypotheses in linear regression models with inequality constraints on the regression coefficients. The Kuhn-Tucker multiplier test statistic is defined and its relationships with the likelihood ratio test and the Wald test are examined. It is shown, in particular, that these relationships are the same as in the equality constrained case. It is emphasized, however, that their common asymptotic distribution is a mixture of chi-square distributions under the null hypothesis.
An Area Preserving Transformation Algorithm for Press Forming Blank Development (1993)

Abstract An efficient algorithm is presented to determine the blank shape necessary to manufacture a surface by press forming. The technique is independent of material properties and instead uses surface geometry and an area conservation constraint to generate a geometrically feasible blank shape. The algorithm is formulated as an approximate geometric interpretation of the reversal of the forming process. The primary applications for this technique are in preliminary surface design, assessment of manufacturability, and location of binder wrap. Since the algorithm exhibits linear time complexity, it is amenable to implementation as an interactive design aid. The algorithm is applied to two example surfaces and the results are discussed.
Data capacity of TDMA/FDMA systems with adaptive modulation (2002)

We develop an analytical model to analyze the data capacity of a TDMA/FDMA system with adaptive modulation. Our model defines data capacity as the maximum average data throughput per channel, and includes packet retransmissions due to user movement and channel estimation error. We study a TDMA/FDMA system with a simple channel model to evaluate the performance bound on data capacity, and then incorporate retransmissions to determine how they affect data capacity. Our model provides a baseline for the study and analysis of the performance of adaptive modulation TDMA/FDMA systems.
Surge and swab modeling for dynamic pressures and safe trip velocities (1983)

Surge and swab pressures, which could cause lost circulation or gas kicks and blowout, result from running or pulling a pipe in a borehole. Recent downhole measurements indicate that these pressures differ considerably from the pressures anticipated by traditional computational models which compute such pressures on the basis of steady state flow. In this paper, a new dynamic surge and swab model is presented that is based on the physics of the transient nature of the phenomenon. It treats friction as a distributed parameter and considers various parameters in hole geometry, hole expansion, varying trip velocity, return area for tricone and diamond drill bits, plugged jets, and the mud properties. The computer program for the model not only predicts the maximum surge and swab pressures on their variation with time at various points in the borehole, but also computes the safe maximum trip speed for a specified pressure margin. Computer studies for running a casing, liner, and drill string in several actual wells show the model to have fast computer run times. The results of some of these studies are reported in the paper. The program is both interactive and user-friendly, and is a significant improvement over the existing models.
Genome editing and plant agriculture (2018)

The ability to precisely modify plant genomes through homologous recombination (HR) promises to advance both basic and applied plant biology. However, even with the use of sequence‐specific nucleases, which stimulate HR by creating targeted DNA double‐strand breaks, there are only a handful of studies that report precise editing of endogenous plant genes. Our group has been focusing on two efforts to more effectively modify plant genomes through HR. In one, we are developing new vectors to deliver sequence‐specific nucleases and DNA repair templates to plant cells. Specifically, we have been using geminivirus replicons, which function in both monocots and dicots, to amplify nuclease‐encoding cassettes and DNA repair templates. In a second effort, we are attempting to achieve HR by either genetically manipulating DNA repair pathways or delivering nucleases and repair templates to cells proficient in HR. Progress on our efforts to optimize gene targeting strategies will be reported. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Navigation in bile acid chemical space: discovery of novel FXR and GPBAR1 ligands (2016)

Bile acids are signaling molecules interacting with nuclear receptors and membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Among these receptors, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane G-coupled receptor (GPBAR1) have gained increasing consideration as druggable receptors and their exogenous dual regulation represents an attractive strategy in the treatment of enterohepatic and metabolic disorders. However, the therapeutic use of dual modulators could be associated to severe side effects and therefore the discovery of selective GPBAR1 and FXR agonists is an essential step in the medicinal chemistry optimization of bile acid scaffold. In this study, a new series of 6-ethylcholane derivatives modified on the tetracyclic core and on the side chain has been designed and synthesized and their in vitro activities on FXR and GPBAR1 were assayed. This speculation resulted in the identification of compound 7 as a potent and selective GPBAR1 agonist and of several derivatives showing potent dual agonistic activity.
Polyurea Microcapsules in Microfluidics: Surfactant Control of Soft Membranes (2014)

Interfacial polymerization techniques offer a versatile route for microcapsule synthesis. We designed a microfluidic process to synthesize monodisperse polyurea microcapsules (PUMCs); the microcapsules are formed by an interfacial polymerization of isocyanate dissolved in the oil and an amine dissolved in water. We measure the mechanical properties of the capsule as well as transport properties through the membrane using two microfluidic methods. We show that the elasticity and the permeability of the shell are controlled by surfactant additives, added during the synthesis. The control of the nanostructure of the shell by surfactants provides new means to design encapsulation systems with tailored mechanical and physicochemical properties.
Impact of clade diversity on HIV-1 virulence, antiretroviral drug sensitivity and drug resistance (2003)

HIV-1 infection is characterized by genetic diversity wherein distinct viral subtypes (clades A, B, C, D, E, F, G, K and O) are expanding in different geographical regions. This article deals with the topic of HIV-1 subtype diversity in the context of sensitivity to antiretroviral drugs, drug resistance and viral fitness. Increasing evidence suggests that all clades of HIV probably display similar sensitivity to antiviral drugs. However, viruses from some subtypes and/or geographical regions may have a greater propensity to develop resistance against certain drugs than do other viral variants. In addition, differences in regard to replication capacity or fitness may exist among various HIV subtypes and differences in this regard may potentially become magnified under conditions of drug resistance. Immunological pressures may also play an important role in the evolution of viral subtypes that may impact on ultimate drug resistance profiles.
Transgenic mice with targeted inactivation of the Col2 alpha 1 gene for collagen II develop a skeleton with membranous and periosteal bone but no endochondral bone. (1995)

Homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells was used to prepare transgenic mice with an inactivated Col2a1 gene for collagen II, the major protein component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Heterozygous mice had a minimal phenotype. Homozygous mice developed into fetuses that were delivered vaginally but died either just before or shortly after birth. The cartilage in the mice consisted of highly disorganized chondrocytes with a complete lack of extracellular fibrils discernible by electron microscopy. There was no endochondrial bone or epiphyseal growth plate in long bones. However, many skeletal structures such as the cranium and ribs were normally developed and mineralized. The results demonstrate that a well-organized cartilage matrix is required as a primary tissue for development of some components of the vertebrate skeleton, but it is not essential for others.
Effects of Egg Weight, Glucose Administration at Hatch, and Delayed Access to Feed and Water on the Poult at 2 Weeks of Age (1990)

Eggs from a 42-wk-old small-type turkey breeder flock were weighed and divided into heavy, medium, and light categories relative to the population average. Poults from each category were sexed, then given .5 mL of 50% glucose in saline by either crop intubation (CI) or subcutaneous injection at the neck (SC). Controls did not receive glucose. One-half of the birds from each treatment were immediately given access to feed and water in pens of brooder batteries; the remainder were held 3 days in transportation boxes before placement in other pens of the same batteries. Poult weight at hatching and 3 days later paralleled egg weight. Improvement in 3 day BW occurred after glucose administration and was greater by SC than CI, but these advantages were only apparent when feed and water had been accessible during the interim. Egg weight effects on BW and gain persisted to 2 wk of age, as did the depression from delayed nutrient access; however, the advantage from glucose with poults having early access to nutrition disappeared. Alterations in the proximate compositions of livers and carcasses among treatments were small. Total mortality increased with egg weight when poults received feed and water early after hatching, while the converse occurred when delayed. Deaths were not altered by either glucose or fasting (P greater than .05).
Energy Harvesting in Tire: State-of-the-Art and Challenges (2018)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Although energy harvesting systems are extensively used in different fields, studies on the application of energy harvesters embedded in tires for vehicle control are rare and mostly focus on solving power supply problems of tire pressure sensors. Sensors are traditionally powered by an embedded battery, which must be replaced periodically because of its limited energy storage. Heightened interest in vehicle safety is expected to drive increased design and manufacture of in-tire sensors, which in turn, translates to rising demand for power generation in tires. These challenges emphasize the need to investigate the substitution of batteries and in-tire energy harvesting systems. Current in-tire energy harvesting methods involve piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic power generation, whose energy sources include tire vibrations, deformations, and rotations. Piezoelectric harvesters are generally compact but operate for short durations. Electromagnetic generators exhibit higher power density but are less efficient than generators made from piezoelectric materials. The challenge presented by electrostatic generators is their requirement for certain launch conditions. The performance of different mechanisms depends on design, which is the key issue examined in research. The amount of harvested energy ranges from the microwatt to dozens of watts level, depending on individual structure and chosen principle. This article analyzes studies on in-tire energy harvesting systems to comprehensively compare existing principles and structures, as well as evaluate prospects for application. The modeling, simulation, and experimental validation in previous works are also summarized and categorized to provide guidance for future studies.</div></div>
A role for perlecan in the suppression of growth and invasion in fibrosarcoma cells. (1997)

Perlecan is a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan of basement membranes and cell surfaces. Because of its strategic location and ability to store and protect growth factors, perlecan has been implicated in the control of tumor cell growth and metastatic behavior. To test the role of perlecan in malignancy, we generated several stably transfected clones of HT-1080, a human fibrosarcoma cell line, harboring a perlecan cDNA in the antisense orientation. Surprisingly, clones with a reduced synthesis of perlecan mRNA and protein core grew faster, formed larger colonies in semisolid agar, and induced faster formation of s.c. tumors in nude mice than the wild-type cells. Their growth properties in vitro were independent of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor. Reduction of perlecan expression was associated with three distinct properties typical of tumor cells with a more aggressive phenotype: enhanced migration through 8-microm-pore filter, increased invasion in Matrigel-coated filters, and heightened adhesiveness to type IV collagen substrata. These results thus provide the first evidence that perlecan may inhibit the growth and invasiveness of fibrosarcoma cells in a basic fibroblast growth factor-independent pathway and raise the possibility that perlecan may prevent the infiltration of host tissues in mesenchymal neoplasms.
Trafficking of Intracerebroventricularly Injected Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Mouse Brain (2002)

Intracerebroventricular (icv) delivery of therapeutic molecules directly into the brain parenchyma has attracted considerable attention because of the advantage of bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Exogenous icv administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) has been implicated in modifying gene expression within the targeted brain area. The biodistribution, tissue penetration, and stability of exogenously administered AS-ODNs are the major determinants with regard to their potential utility as agents for modifying gene expression. This report examined the distribution and clearance of labeled AS-ODNs with the aim of exploring the feasibility of icv administration of AS-ODNs as a targeted treatment approach to Alzheimer's disease. A single icv injection of fluorescein-labeled 2'-O-(methoxy) ethyl (2'MOE) ribosyl-modified AS-ODNs directed at the beta-secretase cleavage site of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA into the mouse brain showed rapid uptake by 15 minutes, overall gradual spread and retention by 30 minutes to 3 hours, and complete clearance by 8 hours postinjection. Labeled AS-ODNs were observed to penetrate across the cell membrane and accumulate in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of neuronal and nonneuronal cell populations. Current study provides a basic pattern of uptake, distribution, and stability of AS-ODNs in the mouse brain.
Dual-Pharmacology Muscarinic Antagonist and β <sub>2</sub> Agonist Molecules for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2011)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. Bronchodilators, particularly muscarinic antagonists and β(2) agonists, are recommended for patients with moderate to severe COPD. Dual-pharmacology muscarinic antagonist- β(2) agonist (MABA) molecules present an exciting new approach to the treatment of COPD by combining muscarinic antagonism and β(2) agonism in a single entity. They have the potential to demonstrate additive or synergistic bronchodilation over either pharmacology alone. Due to this enticing prospect, several companies have now reported MABA discovery efforts through a conjugated/linked strategy with one candidate (GSK-961081) demonstrating clinical proof of concept. Several MABA crystal forms have been identified, satisfying the requirements for inhaled dosing devices. There are significant challenges in designing MABAs, but the potential to achieve enhanced bronchoprotection in patients and facilitate 'triple therapy' makes this an extremely important and exciting area of pharmaceutical research.