gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Widespread and extensive lengthening of 3′ UTRs in the mammalian brain (2013)

Remarkable advances in techniques for gene expression profiling have radically changed our knowledge of the transcriptome. Recently, the mammalian brain was reported to express many long intergenic noncoding (lincRNAs) from loci downstream from protein-coding genes. Our experimental tests failed to validate specific accumulation of lincRNA transcripts, and instead revealed strongly distal 3' UTRs generated by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA). With this perspective in mind, we analyzed deep mammalian RNA-seq data using conservative criteria, and identified 2035 mouse and 1847 human genes that utilize substantially distal novel 3' UTRs. Each of these extends at least 500 bases past the most distal 3' termini available in Ensembl v65, and collectively they add 6.6 Mb and 5.1 Mb to the mRNA space of mouse and human, respectively. Extensive Northern analyses validated stable accumulation of distal APA isoforms, including transcripts bearing exceptionally long 3' UTRs (many >10 kb and some >18 kb in length). The Northern data further illustrate that the extensions we annotated were not due to unprocessed transcriptional run-off events. Global tissue comparisons revealed that APA events yielding these extensions were most prevalent in the mouse and human brain. Finally, these extensions collectively contain thousands of conserved miRNA binding sites, and these are strongly enriched for many well-studied neural miRNAs. Altogether, these new 3' UTR annotations greatly expand the scope of post-transcriptional regulatory networks in mammals, and have particular impact on the central nervous system.
Hydrogen-bonding control of molecular aggregation: self-complementary subunits lead to rod-shaped structures in the solid state (1995)

Simple cyclohexane-1,3,5-triamide derivatives are shown to form linear, rod-shaped structures in the solid state; a triple hydrogen-bonding interaction directs formation of the aggregate and leads to non-centrosysmmetric packing arrangement with modest non-linear optical properties.
MAC aggregation in 802.11n: Concepts and impact on wireless networks performance (2014)

There has been major changes in the emergent standards of wireless networks. These changes aims to improve more and more the wireless performance and the network efficiency. It would be interesting to achieve high level of throughput without requiring sophisticated software improvement. In this context this paper stands to introduce an experimentation of the 802.11n standard. It displays a number of simulation based on a C++ program. This application implements one side of the 802.11n MAC improvements: frame aggregation. The main objective is to demonstrate the contribution of such technology on wireless performance and the network response.
Efficient Commitment to Functional CD34+ Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

The efficient commitment of a specialized cell type from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) without contamination from unknown substances is crucial to their use in clinical applications. Here, we propose that CD34+ progenitor cells, which retain hematopoietic and endothelial cell potential, could be efficiently obtained from iPSCs derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC-iPSCs) with defined factors. By treatment with a cocktail containing mesodermal, hematopoietic, and endothelial inducers (BMP4, SCF, and VEGF, respectively) for 5 days, hBMMSC-iPSCs expressed the mesodermal transcription factors Brachyury and GATA-2 at higher levels than untreated groups (P<0.05). After culturing with another hematopoietic and endothelial inducer cocktail, including SCF, Flt3L, VEGF and IL-3, for an additional 7-9 days, CD34+ progenitor cells, which were undetectable in the initial iPSC cultures, reached nearly 20% of the total culture. This was greater than the relative number of progenitor cells produced from human-skin-fibroblast-derived iPSCs (hFib-iPSCs) or from the spontaneous differentiation groups (P<0.05), as assessed by flow cytometry analysis. These induced cells expressed hematopoietic transcription factors TAL-1 and GATA-2 [corrected]. They developed into various hematopoietic colonies when exposed to semisolid media with hematopoietic cytokines such as EPO and G-CSF. Hematopoietic cell lineages were identified by phenotype analysis with Wright-Giemsa staining. The endothelial potential of the cells was also verified by the confirmation of the formation of vascular tube-like structures and the expression of endothelial-specific markers CD31 and VE-CADHERIN. Efficient induction of CD34+ progenitor cells, which retain hematopoietic and endothelial cell potential with defined factors, provides an opportunity to obtain patient-specific cells for iPSC therapy and a useful model for the study of the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and drug screening.
GaN ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes fabricated on free‐standing bulk GaN substrates (2008)

Abstract We report high‐performance MOCVD‐grown GaN ultraviolet (UV) p‐i‐n avalanche photodiodes (APD) on bulk GaN substrates. The fabricated APD achieved avalanche gain of > 3 × 10 4 and low leakage current density (<10 –7 A/cm 2 ) at voltages below 50% of the device avalanche breakdown voltage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest linear gain reported to date among III‐N‐based UV APDs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transition from Casimir to van der Waals force between macroscopic bodies (2008)

The transition of van der Waals to Casimir forces between macroscopic gold surfaces is investigated by atomic force microscopy in the plane-sphere geometry. It was found that the transition appears to take place at separations ∼10% the plasma wavelength λp for evaporated gold surfaces, which compares to theoretical predictions by incorporation of experimental optical data and roughness corrections. Moreover, the force data allow estimation of the Hamaker constant AH in the van der Waals regime, which is in good agreement with the Lifshitz theory predictions (even if roughness corrections are taken into account) and former surface force apparatus measurements.
Reflex Oscillators (1945)

This paper discusses qualitatively the behavior of reflex oscillators. Power production, electronic tuning, variation of frequency with resonator voltage, effect of modulation coefficient, and influence of load are considered. Two brief mathematical appendixes are included.
Simulation and Flight Control of an Aeroelastic Fixed Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle (2002)

Micro aerial vehicles have been the subject of continued interest and development over the last several years. The majority of current vehicle concepts rely on rigid fixed wings or rotors. An alternate design based on an aeroelastic membrane wing has also been developed that exhibits desired characteristics in flight test demonstrations, competition, and in prior aerodynamics studies. This paper presents a simulation model and an assessment of flight control characteristics of the vehicle. Linear state space models of the vehicle associated with typical trimmed level flight conditions and which are suitable for control system design are presented as well. The simulation is used as the basis for the design of a measurement based nonlinear dynamic inversion control system and outer loop guidance system. The vehicle/controller system is the subject of ongoing investigations of autonomous and collaborative control schemes. The results indicate that the design represents a good basis for further development of the micro aerial vehicle for autonomous and collaborative controls research.
Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Childhood (2012)

More and more children are becoming obese and overweight due to several factors that include a high energy density in the diet (a high fat intake) and low energy expenditure. Consequently childhood obesity is becoming a significant health problem. Fat tissue releases many cytokines such as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-, leptin, interleukin-6. These adipocytokines induce obesity-related insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a key component of obesity-related metabolic problems such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article focused on insulin resistance and its related metabolic diseases.
Human Sgo1 Is An Excellent Target For Induction of Apoptosis Of Transformed Cells (2006)

Aneuploidy, a frequent form of genomic instability, is a direct result of mis-segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Cohesion of sister chromatids in eukaryotes is primarily achieved by the cohesin complex. Since Sgo1 functions to protect centromeric cohesin and since depletion of Sgo1 results in precocious chromosomal segregation and massive mitotic arrest, we reasoned that disruption of Sgo1 functions by delivery of a competitive peptide could interfere with normal cell cycle progression. Treatment of HeLa and A549 cells with a Sgo1 fragment of 22 amino acids (corresponding to a conserved basic region at the C-terminus) linked with a cell-permeable peptide penetratin, but not with penetratin alone, resulted in concentration-dependent suppression of viability. Following 24 h treatment with Sgo1 peptide at a 40 muM final concentration, HeLa cell viability was dramatically reduced. The Sgo1 peptide induced rapid and drastic changes of cell and nuclear morphologies, which were associated with disappearance of cellular Sgo1 at kinetochores in mitotic cells. Moreover, the reduction in HeLa cell viability after treatment with Sgo1 peptide resulted from induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, WI-38 diploid fibroblasts were rather resistant to the treatment with Sgo1 peptide. These normal cells exhibited little changes of cellular and nuclear morphologies, and remained viable after exposure to 40 muM of Sgo1 peptide for 24 h. Our combined studies thus suggest that small peptides corresponding to conserved regions of Sgo1 are capable of functioning as dominant negative inhibitors in vivo and that Sgo1 is an excellent target for induction of apoptosis of cancer cells.
Overview of RepLab 2012: Evaluating Online Reputation Management Systems (2012)

This paper summarizes the goals, organization and results of the first RepLab competitive evaluation campaign for Online Reputation Management Systems (RepLab 2012). RepLab focused on the reputation of companies, and asked participant systems to annotate different types of information on tweets containing the names of several companies. Two tasks were proposed: a profiling task, where tweets had to be annotated for relevance and polarity for reputation, and a monitoring task, where tweets had to be clustered thematically and clusters had to be ordered by priority (for reputation management purposes). The gold standard consisted of annotations made by reputation management experts, a feature which turns the RepLab 2012 test collection in a useful source not only to evaluate systems, but also to reach a better understanding of the notions of polarity and priority in the context of reputation management.
Laser refractive surgery: a review and current status (1995)

The aim of corneal refractive surgery is to modify the anterior surface of the cornea for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The air-tear film interface is a powerful refractive surface. Small changes in the curvature can induce large shifts in refractive power. The exquisite nature of laser-tissue interaction with corneal tissue allows successful application of lasers for refractive surgery. Numerous systems have been developed for clinical applications. An overview is provided of the current clinical and research status of laser refractive surgery.
Stabilized least squares estimators for time-variant processes (2003)

To use recursive-least-square (RLS) parameter estimators in an adaptive setting, the estimation matrix must not be asymptotically singular. The two classical modifications of the standard RLS algorithms, the linear and the exponential forgetting, lead to a blowup of the estimator for a nonpersistent excitation. For a well-behaved LS algorithm the estimation matrix and its inverse must be bounded. A family of simple stabilized LS algorithms is proposed. The increase in computational complexity with respect to the standard RLS is negligible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of a phosphonium analog of choline as a probe in <sup>31</sup>P NMR studies of phospholipid metabolism (1994)

Tumors and transformed cells have been shown by 31P NMR to contain elevated concentrations of two phosphomonoesters, phosphorylcholine and phosphorylethanolamine, involved in phospholipid metabolism. In order to understand the biochemical basis for these phenomena new methods are needed to allow for analysis of the relevant metabolic pathways in intact cells. One such promising tool may be phosphonium-choline, a 31P NMR-visible analog of choline in which the trimethyl-ammonium group of choline has been replaced with a trimethyl-phosphonium moiety. As shown previously [Sim et al. Biochem. J. 154, 303 (1976)], this compound is non-toxic and readily metabolized by cultured cells into phospholipids. In this paper we describe in greater detail some of the chemical and NMR spectroscopic properties of this material. Most significantly we show here that the chemical shift of phosphonium-choline is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of the analog and that the phosphonium nucleus is NMR-visible even after its incorporation into phospholipid. The unique properties of this analog should make it possible to use high-field 31P NMR to follow the flux of phosphonium-choline through the Kennedy pathway in intact perfused cells cultures.
An optimal search strategy for mobile stations in wireless networks (2002)

Efficient abstractions for location management is a key consideration in wireless networks that support universal personal communications. Location management involves a tracking component that maintains dynamic data on the location of mobile stations through a distributed database, and a search component that prescribes the manner in which the wireless network is to be paged so as to determine the location of mobile stations whose whereabouts are unknown. In this paper, we focus on the search component of location management. We employ techniques from statistical search theory and describe a stochastic sequential framework that systematically determines the location of mobile stations situated within a group of cells. This strategy is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the expected cost of search. Based on this optimal policy, we construct two search algorithms. The first is based on a tableau approach while the second has a Bayesian character.
Recurrent CYP2C19 deletion allele is associated with triple-negative breast cancer (2014)

Our results indicate that inherited changes in CYP2C19 gene participating in estrogen catabolism have an influence on the molecular subtype of breast cancer.
Vesicle Formation from Oligo(oxyethylene)-Bearing Cholesteryl Amphiphiles:  Site-Selective Effects of Oxyethylene Units on the Membrane Order and Thickness (2001)

Altogether 16 cholesterol-based amphiphiles were synthesized. In the first and second groups, nonionic oligo(ethylene glycol) appendages were covalently introduced either indirectly via a succinate spacer or directly respectively to the 3β-OH group of cholesterol. A third group of derivatives was prepared where the location of the cationic charge was conserved although the headgroup residue was progressively modified with increasing lengths of oligo(oxyethylene) units. In the fourth group, a cationic center was introduced onto the steroid backbone via increasing lengths of oligo(oxyethylene) spacers. In the fifth group, the poly(oxyethylene) segments of one amphiphile each of series 3 and 4 were replaced by the same length of polymethylene chain. Vesicle formation from the aqueous suspensions of these compounds was confirmed by TEM and dye entrapment. Fluorescence anisotropy and XRD studies revealed remarkable control of membrane characteristics by both the length and location of the oxyethylene segment.
A programmable image processing system using FPGA (2002)

Real-time image processing usually requires enormous throughput rate and huge amount of operations. Parallel processing in form of specialized hardware or multiprocessing are therefore indispensable. This paper describes a flexible programmable image processing system using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The logic cell nature of current available FPGA is most suitable for performing real-time bit-level image processing operations using bit-level systolic concept. Here, we proposed a flexible architecture, PIPS, for the integration of these programmable hardware and digital signal processors (DSP) to handle bit-level as well as arithmetic operations found in many image processing applications. The versatility of the system is demonstrated for the implementation of a 1D median filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Add-back therapy for long-term use in dysfunctional uterine bleeding and uterine fibroids. (1996)

The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are an efficacious medical approach for the management of both dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and uterine fibroids. However, due to the long-term effects of GnRH agonists on bone mass, their use is restricted to short courses. Add-back hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is one strategy that could minimise the hypo-oestrogenic effects of GnRH agonists, without nullifying their therapeutic effects. In one study of add-back therapy with cyclical oestradiol/norgestrol in combination with Zoladex (goserelin acetate) in women with subjective DUB, the duration of menstruation, the number of days of heavy bleeding and objective blood loss were all significantly (P < 0.001) reduced. There was also significant (P < 0.001) symptomatic improvement. Furthermore, in 51 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids, combined oestrogen/progestogen given for 21 months after initial GnRH agonist treatment for 3 months did not promote fibroid regrowth. In contrast, in women randomised to progestogen only, there was a gradual increase in uterine volume. The combination of GnRH agonists and add-back HRT appears beneficial for women with either DUB or fibroids.
Generating conditions of a laser-sustained argon plasma jet (1993)

An argon plasma jet is produced from a continuous optical discharge at gas pressures in the range 2<or=P0<or=8 bar and effective laser power in the range 165<or=P<or=360 W. Plasma production is characterized by measurement of the threshold of the stability region (in terms of laser power-gas pressure). Study of the threshold law given by a simple model allows the core temperature of the plasma to be deduced. Temperatures are also measured by time-of-flight analysis of the neutral beam extracted from the plasma jet. They are compared with averaged temperatures deduced from the nozzle flow rate. From this comparison, a temperature profile over the nozzle radius can be calculated as can the heat flux through the nozzle. The kinetic energy yield of the continuous optical discharge can then be estimated. Values as high as 60% of the input laser power are obtained.
Growth inhibitory effect of interferon-beta is associated with the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in a human gastric carcinoma cell line. (1997)

The effect of IFN-beta on cell growth and the mechanism of growth modulation was examined in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. IFN-beta inhibited the cell growth of TMK-1 cells, whereas it did not affect the growth of the other three cell lines (MKN-7, -28, and -45). The number of apoptotic cells in IFN-beta-treated TMK-1 cells was 2-fold the number of those in control TMK-1 cells, whereas the induction of apoptosis was not observed in IFN-beta-treated MKN-28 cells. IFN-beta enhanced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 at mRNA and protein levels. The increased p27Kip1 bound preferentially to CDK6. The phosphorylation level of retinoblastoma protein in TMK-1 cells was reduced by IFN-beta treatment. IFN-beta did not affect the expression of cell cycle regulators in MKN-28 cells. These results suggest that the induction of p27Kip1 by IFN-beta might confer inhibition of cell growth, leading to subsequent apoptosis in TMK-1 cells.
The Impact of Acquisition Date on the Prediction Performance of Topsoil Organic Carbon from Sentinel-2 for Croplands (2019)

The spatial assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major environmental challenge, notably for evaluating soil carbon stocks. Recent works have shown the capability of Sentinel-2 optical data to predict SOC content over temperate agroecosystems characterized by annual crops, using a single acquisition date. Considering a Sentinel-2 time series, this work intends to analyze the impact of acquisition date, and related weather and soil surface conditions on the prediction performance of topsoil SOC content (plough layer). A Sentinel-2 time-series was gathered, comprised of the dates corresponding to both the maximum of bare soil coverage and minimum of cloud coverage. Cross-validated partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were constructed between soil reflectance image spectra, and SOC content analyzed from 329 top soil samples collected over the study area. Cross-validation R2 ranged from 0.005 to 0.58, root mean square error from 5.86 to 3.02 g·kg−1 and residual prediction deviation values from 1.0 to 1.5 (without unit), according to date. The main factors influencing these differences were soil roughness, in conjunction with soil moisture, and the cloud and cloud shadow cover of the entire tile. The best performing dates were spring dates characterized by both lowest soil surface roughness and moisture content. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values below 0.35 did not influence prediction performance. This consolidates the previous results obtained during single date acquisitions and offers wider perspectives for the further use of Sentinel-2 into multidate mosaics for digital soil mapping.
Evaluating Public Sector Banks In India Using Economic Value Added Measure. (2015)

In 2008, when crisis hit the World economy, Indian banking industry was not much affected because they had limited exposure to riskier assets. But, the current slowdown of economy has its roots in Europe. The current crises indirectly has roots in 2008 crisis when all Governments expanded their monetary policies, which increased their expenditure and in turn, it increased Sovereign Debt. Some governments are unable to refinance the debt without the third party help. The crisis have persisted longer than expected and now it gains the power to spread its wings over the world economy. The Indian banking industry may be affected by European crises as trade with European markets slows down.
With all these problems along with rising levels of NPA, Indian bank performance has been affected though they appear stronger than their global counter parts. Slowing of the Indian economy has affected Indian banking industry. 
It is therefore imperative that to evaluate the performance of Indian Banks and risk perception, We may have to look beyond conventional performance measures. 
This paper verifies the efficacy of using Economic Value Added as a performance measure Vis-a-Vis other conventional measures such as ROE,ROA,EPS,ROI.
Keywords: Banking, Non-Performing Assets, Economic Value added, Return On Equity, Earnings Per share, Return On Total assets, Net Profit Margin, Return On Investment.