gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards real-time management of virtualized telecommunication networks (2014)

The idea of virtualizing network functions is driven by recent advances in network-focused hardware. In 2012, several large telecommunication operators issued a call to action for Network Function Virtualization (NFV) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . The underlying idea is that every network service currently delivered on proprietary, application specific hardware should be deliverable using virtual machines. This means that routers, firewalls, load balancers and other network devices run virtualized on commodity hardware. Consequently, ETSI is extending this idea to mobile networks. Here, parts of the core and the radio access network will be virtualized. The immediate advantage is that any Virtual Network Function (VNF) can now be deployed, re-deployed and undeployed in the same way as any traditional virtual machine. Thus, NFV will result in more dynamic and agile networks than seen heretofore. However, this will raise a number of serious issues in managing these future networks. In this paper, we examine issues and challenges in orchestrating these virtualized functions and their interconnections to provide a more agile mobile telecommunication network.
Dissecting Redox Biology Using Fluorescent Protein Sensors (2015)

We explore how novel sensor variants may further add to the current momentum toward a novel mechanistic and integrated understanding of redox biology in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 680-712.
Orbital Tumor Diagnosis by Positron Emission Tomography Using <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyuridine (1986)

The distribution of 18F-labeled 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (18F-FdUrd) in orbital tissue, tumor and aseptic inflammation was examined in rats. The distribution in paraorbital structures, other than bone, was low. The tumor-to-organ ratios were sufficient for tumor imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Positron emission tomography with 18F-FdUrd clearly showed the experimental orbital VX-2 tumor in rabbits. The difference between the experimental orbital tumor and croton oil-induced aseptic inflammation or a normal orbit was apparently established in the PET image with slow and fast clearance of radioactivity, respectively.
Leiterpolymere mit Heteroacen‐Gerüst (1994)

Hohe Molmasse, einheitliche Struktur und sehr gute Löslichkeit zeichnen die neuartigen Leiterpolymere 1 aus. Mit der Erzeugung des Dikations 2 aus einem zu 1 analogen Modellsystem gelingt der Nachweis, daß 1 ein potenter Vorläufer zur Herstellung von heteroanalogen, ionischen Poly[ n ]acenen ist. R 1 = p C 6 H 4 ‐ n ‐C 10 H 21 , R 2 = p ‐C 6 H 4 t Bu; Gegenion CF 3 So 3 ‐. magnified image
Multi-Hop-Aware Cooperative Relaying (2009)

We address the drawbacks of cooperative relaying regarding its spectral inefficiency and its channel over reservation compared to direct transmissions. We propose to exploit routing information in cooperative relaying to reduce these disadvantages. In this paper we present a complete system design of multi-hop-aware cooperative relaying and investigate different relay selection policies for it. Performance tests indicate that it significantly outperforms hop-by-hop cooperative relaying in terms of throughput.
High-Voltage, High-Energy Layered-Spinel Composite Cathodes with Superior Cycle Life for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

The unique structural characteristics and their effect on the electrochemical performances of the layered-spinel composite cathode system xLi[Li0.2Mn0.6Ni0.17Co0.03]O2–(1 – x)Li[Mn1.5Ni0.425Co0.075]O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been investigated by a systematic analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, neutron diffraction data (ND), electrochemical charge–discharge profiles, and electrochemical differential–capacity measurements. In the 0.5 ≤ x < 1 samples, the capacity and energy density of the composite cathodes gradually increase during 50 cycles with a change in the shape of the charge–discharge profiles. Ex situ X-ray diffraction data reveal two important findings, which account for the superior cycle performance: (i) the layered phase in the composite cathodes (x = 0.5 and 0.75) undergoes an irreversible phase transformation to a cubic spinel phase during extended electrochemical cycling, and the newly formed spinel phase exhibits only a 3 V plateau without any 4 or 4.7 V plateau as both Mn and Ni are present in the 4+ state; (ii) the parent 5 V cubic spinel phase undergoes a cubic to tetragonal transition during discharge, but the volume change is small (∼5%) for the x = 0.5 and 0.75 compositions. Both the small volume change associated with the cubic to tetragonal transition and the excellent stability of the newly evolved 3 V spinel-like phase lead to remarkable cycle life despite a wide voltage range (2–5 V) involving phase transitions.
Molecular Scissors: RNA Enzymes Go Commercial (1991)

When Thomas Cech of the University of Colorado discovered in 1982 that RNA can act as an enzyme, catalyzing specific biological reactions, the result surprised molecular biologists. Only proteins, they thought, could act as enzymes. The work not only led to a Nobel Prize for Cech, it prompted prophecies of a new kind of genetic engineering - one based on RNA instead of the conventional DNA. Foreign governments launched research efforts, and researchers scrambled to file patents. The stakes were so high that American and Australian researchers became embroiled in a dispute over patent rights for catalytic RNA. Last week the US Patent Office awarded Cech and the University of Colorado an unusually broad patent for the use and synthesis of enzymatic RNA - also known as ribozymes. The significance of the patent stems from Cech's unexpected observation that preribosomal RNA can cut and splice itself, removing sequences not needed for biological function.
CHEMICAL PROTECTORS AGAINST SUNBURN. (1971)

This study suggests a way to compare the protective action of chemical substances as optical filters against sunburn. For this purpose a photoprotective index is derived from the curves of optical density of the chemical substance in solution and erythemal effectiveness. The success of para‐amino‐benzoic acid depends on a maximal push‐pull force on the electron cloud across the benzene ring. Several factors in the vehicle alter these electronic configurations to the detriment of the photoprotective action. A list is drawn up of substances which are optically superior as sunburn filters.
SimulSpeech: End-to-End Simultaneous Speech to Text Translation (2020)

In this work, we develop SimulSpeech, an endto-end simultaneous speech to text translation system which translates speech in source language to text in target language concurrently. SimulSpeech consists of a speech encoder, a speech segmenter and a text decoder, where 1) the segmenter builds upon the encoder and leverages a connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss to split the input streaming speech in real time, 2) the encoder-decoder attention adopts a wait-k strategy for simultaneous translation. SimulSpeech is more challenging than previous cascaded systems (with simultaneous automatic speech recognition (ASR) and simultaneous neural machine translation (NMT)). We introduce two novel knowledge distillation methods to ensure the performance: 1) Attention-level knowledge distillation transfers the knowledge from the multiplication of the attention matrices of simultaneous NMT and ASR models to help the training of the attention mechanism in SimulSpeech; 2) Data-level knowledge distillation transfers the knowledge from the full-sentence NMT model and also reduces the complexity of data distribution to help on the optimization of Simul-Speech. Experiments on MuST-C English-Spanish and English-German spoken language translation datasets show that SimulSpeech achieves reasonable BLEU scores and lower delay compared to full-sentence end-to-end speech to text translation (without simultaneous translation), and better performance than the two-stage cascaded simultaneous translation model in terms of BLEU scores and translation delay.
Bi‐level image coding for digital printing using genetic algorithm (2001)

We propose a bi-level image coding method for digital printing images, using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). These images have resolutions as high as those of photographs; therefore, the coding method is required to achieve high compression ratios. Our GA-based method can obtain higher compression ratios by optimizing the coding algorithm according to the features of the printing images. We have confirmed that our method is 1014 times as fast as a full search, and that the compression ratio is 9.26% better than that of conventional methods. In addition, the compression ratio is 42% higher than that of the JBIG standard. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(9): 1–10, 2001
Liver Pathology in Mice in Poisoning by the Blue-Green Alga Microcystis Aeruginosa (1981)

The bloom-forming M. acruginosa contains a peptide hepatotoxin. Injection of algal extracts or of solutions of purified toxin (5 x LDlOo approx.) into mice was shown to cause an increase in liver weight of 63 ± 11 % within 45 min due to an increase in blood content of the organ. At the same time aspartate amino transferase and lactate dehydrogenase increased 50-fold and 20-fold respectively in serum collected by cardiac puncture. Histologically the toxin caused extensive haemorrhage in the liver with initial perilobular distribution. This was accompanied by necrosis of hepatocytes. Scanning electron microscopy showed progressive disruption of tissue structure, accumulation of erythrocytes, and loss of sinusoidal endothelium in the liver. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the toxin caused the breakdown of the sinusoidal endothelium and it also caused the disappearance of the space of Disse between hepatocytes and sinusoids, damage to hepatocyte membranes and necrotic changes in hepatocyte cytoplasm.
Toward an Optimal Joint Recognition of the S<sub>1</sub>‘ Subsites of Endothelin Converting Enzyme-1 (ECE-1), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), and Neutral Endopeptidase (NEP) (2002)

The formation of vasoconstrictors (e.g., angiotensin II and endothelin) and the inactivation of vasodilators (e.g., bradykinin and atrial natriuretic) by membrane-bound zinc metallopeptidases are key mechanisms in the control of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. The way in which these peptides modulate physiological functions has been intensively studied. With the aim to develop compounds that can jointly block the three metallopeptidases-neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1)-we studied the common structural specificity of the S1' subsites of these peptidases. Various mercaptoacyl amino acids of the general formula HS-CH2-CH(R1')CO-Trp-OH, possessing more or less constrained R1' side chains, were designed. The mercapto-acyl synthons contain one or two asymmetrical centers. The K(i) values of the separated stereoisomers of the most efficient inhibitors were used to determine the stereochemical preference of each enzyme. A guideline for the joint inhibition of the three peptidases was obtained with the (2R,3R) isomer of compound 13b. Its K(i) values on NEP, ACE, and ECE were 0.7, 43, and 26 nM, respectively.
Underground Wireless Communication Using Magnetic Induction (2009)

Underground is a challenging environment for wireless communication since the propagation medium is no longer air but soil, rock and water. The well established wireless communication techniques using electromagnetic (EM) waves do not work well in this environment due to three problems: high path loss, dynamic channel condition and large antenna size. New techniques using magnetic induction (MI) can solve two of the three problems (dynamic channel condition and large antenna size), but may still cause even higher path loss. In this paper, a complete characterization of the underground MI communication channel is provided. Based on the channel model, the MI waveguide technique for communication is developed in order to reduce the MI path loss. The performance of the traditional EM wave systems, the current MI systems and our improved MI waveguide system are quantitatively compared. The results reveal that our MI waveguide system has much lower path loss than the other two cases for any channel conditions.
Comparison of spin signals in silicon between nonlocal four-terminal and three-terminal methods (2011)

The three-terminal (3T) measurement is a method of detecting spin accumulation at a ferromagnetic/semiconductor interface. Spin polarization (P) at the injector with an electric field (Pinjector) and that at the detector without an electric field (Pdetector) were measured separately by using the nonlocal (NL)-Hanle and 3T measurements, and Pinjector and Pdetector exhibited the same behavior with increasing temperature. We also found that the spin lifetime (τsp) in highly doped silicon measured by using the 3T method coincides with that estimated by the NL-Hanle measurement, which shows that the localized state does not exist at the interface.
Controlling the Decomposition Pathway of LiBH<sub>4</sub> via Confinement in Highly Ordered Nanoporous Carbon (2010)

The wetting and decomposition behavior of LiBH4 has been investigated in the presence of highly ordered nanoporous hard carbon (NPC) with hexagonally packed 2 nm diameter columnar pores. Calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy measurements confirm that the LiBH4 within the pores is amorphous. The confinement of LiBH4 in such small pores results in the disappearance of the low-temperature structural phase transition, the melting transition, and also the significant decrease of the onset desorption temperature from 460 to 220 °C with respect to bulk LiBH4, a lower temperature than observed in larger pore sizes in the literature. Most importantly, our results suggest that diborane release is suppressed or eliminated in the decomposition of noncrystalline LiBH4. Tight nanoconfinement may therefore mitigate both safety concerns and loss of active material in borohydride-based hydrogen storage systems.
Exchange Anisotropy—A Review (1962)

Exchange anisotropy describes a magnetic interaction across the interface between two magnetic materials. A shifted hysteresis loop, sinθ torque curve, and rotational hysteresis in magnetic fields greater than 2K / Ms may result from this interaction if one of the materials is antiferromagnetic. This interaction has been found to exist between ferro-antiferromagnetic materials, ferri-antiferromagnetic materials, and ferri-ferromagnetic materials. The work of various people is discussed in terms of the expected behavior in these exchange coupled systems. Some interesting results of the exchange interaction are reviewed. These include improved properties of fine particle magnets, a memory effect in a mixed ferrimagnetic spinel, a rotatable anisotropy in thin films, and an explanation for the reverse magnetization of a deposit in the earth's crust. The interfacial conditions necessary to obtain the interaction between the two magnetic systems are discussed, and it is shown that they are met in several cases. Models are presented which yield rotational hysteresis in magnetic fields greater than 2K / Ms as has been found in all of the exchange coupled systems.
The effect of C60 doping on the device performance of organic light-emitting diodes (2005)

The effect of C60 doping in the hole transport layer on the device performance of phosphorescent light-emitting diodes was investigated by changing the C60 content from 0% to 3%. Doping of C60 in 1,3,5-tris(N,N-bis-(4,5-methoxyphenyl)-aminophenyl)benzol resulted in efficient hole injection and low driving voltage at high luminance. In addition, the lifetime of the phosphorescent device was improved significantly by introducing a C60 molecule in the hole transport layer. The C60-doped device showed an extended lifetime of 1400 h compared with 700 h of the undoped device.
La classe des indéfinis dans quelques grammaires classiques, de Maupas (1607) à Buffier (1709) (1994)

Fournier Nathalie. La classe des indéfinis dans quelques grammaires classiques, de Maupas (1607) à Buffier (1709). In: Faits de langues, n°4, Septembre 1994. L'indéfini. pp. 23-30.
Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging of the Activities of DNases and 3′ Exonucleases in Living Cells with Chimeric Oligonucleotide Probes (2013)

Real-time fluorescence imaging of the activity of nucleases in living cells has been a difficult issue because of unintended degradation of the natural oligonucleotides by nontarget nucleases or interactions with other proteins. In this work, we demonstrate two types of highly selective, sensitive, and robust oligonucleotide probes for simultaneous imaging of the activities of two different nucleases in living cells. The probes consist of the desired substrate structure of the target nuclease and partially phosphorothioate modified backbone labeled with fluorophore and quencher for protection from undesired degradation by other nucleases and signal transduction. Upon reaction with the target nuclease, the initially fluorescence quenched probe was cleaved and the fluorophore was separated from the quencher, giving out strong fluorescence signals. Two nucleases, DNase I and Exonuclease III, were employed as model enzymes to demonstrate the concept. In vitro studies proved that the two probes could discriminate their respective target nucleases in serum with high resistance to other coexisting enzymes. The lower limits of detection for DNase I and Exonuclease III were observed to be 40 U/L and 2.0 U/L, respectively. By labeling the two probes with different fluorophores and quenchers, simultaneous visualization of the activities of DNases and 3' exonucleases was achieved in both HeLa cells and the suspension cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. The developed approaches may greatly facilitate the studies on the intracellular functions of the two nucleases and other related biological processes. The probe design concept may also be further adapted to the detection of many other nucleases.
Urinary Excretion of 11-nor-9-Carboxy- 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinoids in Frequent and Infrequent Drug Users (1999)

Urinary excretion of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) and cannabinoids was monitored in prison inmates. Urinary specimens were collected up to five times per day. EMIT (cutoff 20 ng/mL; EMIT20) and gas chromatography (GC) (cutoff 10.3 ng/mL, LOD 1.4 ng/mL) were used for cannabinoid screening and THCCOOH confirmation, respectively. Urinary creatinine concentrations were recorded. Of the samples with positive EMIT screens, 78% were confirmed by GC analysis. The plotting of THCCOOH/creatinine ratios (THCCOOH/C) versus time gave smoother excretion curves than THCCOOH concentrations alone. Based on THCCOOH/C the first 5 days after the last reported intake, the mean urinary excretion half-life was 1.3 days in infrequent users, and a median of 1.4 days was found in frequent users. In the latter group, apparent terminal urinary excretion half-lives up to 10.3 days were observed. The last positive specimens were found after 4 days for THCCOOH with cutoff 15.0 ng/mL (NIDA/SAMSHA), 5 days for THCCOOH with cutoff 10.3 ng/mL, and 12 days for cannabinoids (EMIT20) in infrequent users and after 17, 22, and 27 days, respectively, in frequent users. Increases in urinary cannabinoids were sometimes found without concomitant increase in THCCOOH or THCCOOH/C. One subject admitted new cannabis intake, after which marked increases in THCCOOH and THCCOOH/C were observed. In others, new intake was suspected. Considerable variations between consecutive specimens were also observed in THCCOOH concentration and THCCOOH/C ratio without suspicion of a new intake.
Systematic Phase Codes for Resolving Range Overlaid Signals in a Doppler Weather Radar (1999)

This paper deals with the recovery of Doppler velocities in the presence of range overlaid echoes. Transmitted pulses are phase shifted to tag the echoes from scatterers, which are separated by the unambiguous range. A new systematic phase code and an algorithm for estimating the mean velocities of overlaid first- and second-trip signals are presented. The return samples are phase corrected to cohere the first- or the second-trip signal, leaving the other signal power spread in a deterministic manner across the Doppler spectrum. An algorithm has been developed to recover the velocity of the weaker signal even if the power ratio of overlaid signals is as large as 40 dB, for spectrum widths of 4 m s−1 or less, and an unambiguous velocity of 32 m s−1. Tests on simulated weather signals indicate that the method, employed in surveillance Doppler radars, can effectively double the unambiguous range without the sacrifice of the unambiguous velocity interval.
Studies on Crude Drugs Effective on Visceral Larva Migrans. Part XVI. Nematocidal Activity of Long Alkyl Chain Amides, Amines, and Their Derivatives on Dog Roundworm Larvae. (1992)

The nematocidal activity of amides and amines having a long alkyl chain against the second-stage larva of dog roundworm, Toxocara canis, was examined. Long chain acyl amides with smaller substituents on the nitrogen showed stronger activity and the activity of cyclic amine amides was stronger than that of acyclic ones. In a series of homologous amides, the activity was dependent on the alkyl chain length: it reached a maximum at an optimal chain length and decreased in both shorter and longer homologues. The relationship between the activity and hydrophobicity of the homologues was analysed by the use of the bilinear model. The hydrophobicity of a compound, which gives a maximal activity, was similar for all neutral amides, but amides which have an additional amine group in the molecule had different values. Tertiary amines and their salts having a long alkyl chain also showed nematocidal activities comparable to those of the corresponding amides. The salts killed the larva at concentrations lower than their critical micell concentration, suggesting that they behave as a single molecule for the nematocidal action.
Speaker localization for far-field and near-field wideband sources using neural networks. (1999)

Many applications such as hands-free videoconferencing, speech processing in large rooms, and acoustic echo cancellation, use microphone arrays to track speaker locations in real-time. A speaker is a wideband source whichmaybein the near #eld or far #eld of the array. Current source localization approaches based on neural networks can meet realtime constraints but assume far-#eld narrowband sources. In this paper, we #1# apply neural networks for determining direction-of-arrival for near-#eld and far-#eld wideband speaker localization, and #2# compute the instantaneous cross-power spectra between adjacent pairs of sensors to form the feature vector. We optimized the overall speaker localization system o#-line to yield an absolute error of less than 6 degrees at an SNR of 10 dB and a sampling rate of 8000 Hz at each sensor. When performing speaker localization in real-time, the system would require 1 MFLOP#s.