gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thulium fiber laser lithotripsy using tapered fibers (2010)

Abstract Introduction The Thulium fiber laser has recently been tested as a potential alternative to the Holmium:YAG laser for lithotripsy. This study explores use of a short taper for expanding the Thulium fiber laser beam at the distal tip of a small‐core fiber. Methods Thulium fiber laser radiation with a wavelength of 1,908 nm, 10 Hz pulse rate, 70 mJ pulse energy, and 1‐millisecond pulse duration was delivered through a 2‐m‐length fiber with 150‐µm‐core‐input‐end, 300‐µm‐core‐output‐end, and 5‐mm‐length taper, in contact with human uric acid (UA) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones, ex vivo (n = 10 each). Stone mass loss, stone crater depths, fiber transmission losses, fiber burn‐back, irrigation rates, and deflection through a flexible ureteroscope were measured for the tapered fiber and compared with conventional fibers. Results After delivery of 1,800 pulses through the tapered fiber, mass loss measured 12.7±2.6 mg for UA and 7.2±0.8 mg COM stones, comparable to conventional 100‐µm‐core fibers (12.6±2.5 mg for UA and 6.8±1.7 mg for COM stones). No transmission losses or burn‐back occurred for the tapered fiber after 36,000 pulses, while a conventional 150‐µm fiber experienced significant tip degradation after only 1,800 pulses. High irrigation rates were measured with the tapered fiber inserted through the working port of a flexible ureteroscope without hindering its deflection, mimicking that of a conventional 150 µm fiber. Conclusions The short tapered distal fiber tip allows expansion of the laser beam, resulting in decreased fiber tip damage compared to conventional small‐core fibers, without compromising fiber bending, stone vaporization efficiency, or irrigation rates. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:45–50, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Novel Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotide Targeted to Human Cyclin D1 (<i>bcl</i>-1, Proto-Oncogene) Promoter Inhibits Transcription in HeLa Cells (1998)

The cyclin D1/bcl-1 proto-oncogene is one of a series of genes encoding proteins which regulate the cell cycle and are involved in the multistep process of tumorigenesis. Translocation of the cyclin D1 proto-oncogene is a common event in B cell lymphoma, and cyclin D1 amplification occurs in breast, esophageal, hepatocellular, and head/neck carcinomas. The human cyclin D1 proto-oncogene promoter contains an 18-base pair purine-pyrimidine rich motif with three C.G interruptions. This motif is a potential target for purine.purine. pyrimidine triplex formation. We have designed a G-rich antiparallel triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO) targeted to this region. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) shows that this purine-pyrimidine rich motif is a binding site for the transcription factor Sp1 and that triplex formation by the target sequence prevents the binding of recombinant Sp1. The exact location of triplex formation was confirmed by DNase I footprinting. In an attempt to increase stability, we have used modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotides for cell culture experiments. Triplex formation by the cyclin D1 targeted phosphorothioate oligonucleotide occurs with a binding affinity approximately equal to that of phosphodiester oligonucleotides. This phosphorothioate modified TFO targeted to cyclin D1 also inhibits transcription of the cyclin D1 promoter in HeLa cells, as demonstrated by a decrease in luciferase expression from a stably integrated human cyclin D1 promoter driven luciferase construct. This suggests that triplex formation may represent a gene specific means of inhibiting cyclin D1 expression.
Velocity and pressure gradients of cerebrospinal fluid assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (2013)

The observed velocity and pressure gradient fields delineated the characteristics of the CSF motion and its similarities and differences among the healthy individuals and between them and the 2 patients. Although the present results did not provide general knowledge of CSF motion, the authors' method more comprehensively described the physiological properties of the CSF in the skull than conventional approaches that do not include measurements of pressure gradient fields.
Purification and Characterization of the α-1,3-Mannosylmannose-recognizing Lectin of Crocus vernusBulbs (1997)

A unique mannose-binding lectin, highly specific for terminal Man(alpha1,3)Man groups, was isolated from bulbs of crocus (Crocus vernus All.). The lectin failed to bind to a mannose affinity column and was purified by simple gel permeation chromatography (Sephacryl S200). The purified lectin, obtained in crystalline form, had a molecular mass of 44 kDa on gel filtration and showed a single peptide band with a molecular mass of 11 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating it to be a tetrameric protein composed of four identical subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the crocus lectin showed essentially no homology with that of other mannose-binding bulb lectins. The crocus lectin selectively interacted with the wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other mannans carrying terminal Man(alpha1,3)Man but not with those lacking this disaccharide unit. In hapten inhibition studies, methyl alpha-mannopyranoside did not inhibit the mannan-lectin interaction. Of various alpha-mannooligosaccharides, those having the Man(alpha1,3)Man sequence showed the highest inhibitory potency, confirming the strict requirement of lectin for terminal alpha1,3-linked mannosylmannose units. An affinity column of immobilized lectin enabled the complete resolution of yeast mannan and glycogen. The immobilized lectin may provide a useful tool for purification and analysis of biologically important polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
Do You Have Safety Tips For Operating My Chain Saw (2002)

ZnO nanoparticles could be toxic against HGF in high concentrations and with prolonged exposure. Therefore, incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into a biocompatible polymer such as PLGA could be a beneficial strategy for reducing their toxicity.
59.4: Microcavity Top‐Emitting OLEDs Integrated with Microlens Arrays: Simultaneous Enhancement of Quantum Efficiency, cd/A Efficiency and Color Performances (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we show that by integrating microcavity OLEDs with microlenses, all the external quantum efficiency, cd/A efficiency, color saturation, and small color shift with viewing angles can be simultaneously achieved, making it a universal device architecture for various applications
Vortices and chirality of magnetostatic modes in quasi-2D ferrite disc particles (2007)

In this paper we show that the vortex states can be created not only in magnetically soft "small" (with the dipolar and exchange energy competition) cylindrical dots, but also in magnetically saturated "big" (when the exchange is neglected) cylindrical dots. A property associated with a vortex structure becomes evident from an analysis of confinement phenomena of magnetic oscillations in a ferrite disk with a dominating role of magnetic-dipolar (non-exchange-interaction) spectra. In this case the scalar (magnetostatic-potential) wave functions may have a phase singularity in a center of a dot. A non-zero azimuth component of the flow velocity demonstrates the vortex structure. The vortices are guaranteed by the chiral edge states of magnetic-dipolar modes in a quasi-2D ferrite disk.
Use of Ecotilling as an efficient SNP discovery tool to survey genetic variation in wild populations of <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> (2006)

Abstract Ecotilling was used as a simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery tool to examine DNA variation in natural populations of the western black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa, and was found to be more efficient than sequencing for large-scale studies of genetic variation in this tree. A publicly available, live reference collection of P. trichocarpa from the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden was used in this study to survey variation in nine different genes among individuals from 41 different populations. A large amount of genetic variation was detected, but the level of variation appears to be less than in the related species, Populus tremula, based on reported statistics for that tree. Genes examined varied considerably in their level of variation, from PoptrTB1 which had a single SNP, to PoptrLFY which had more than 23 in the 1000-bp region examined. Overall nucleotide diversity, measured as (Total), was relatively low at 0.00184. Linkage disequilibrium, on the other hand, was higher than reported for some woody plant species, with mean r2 equal to 0.34. This study reveals the potential of Ecotilling as a rapid genotype discovery method to explore and utilize the large pool of genetic variation in tree species.
Exploring Trade-off's Between Centralized versus Decentralized Automotive Architectures Using a Virtual Integration Environment (2006)

The large variety of architectural dimensions in automotive electronics design, for example, bus protocols, number of nodes, sensors and actuators interconnections and power distribution topologies, makes architecture design task a very complex but crucial design step especially for OEMs. This situation motivates the need for a design environment that accommodates the integration of a variety of models in a manner that enables the exploration of design alternatives in an efficient and seamless fashion. Exploring these design alternatives in a virtual environment and evaluating them with respect to metrics such as cost, latency, flexibility and reliability provide an important competitive advantage to OEMs and help minimize integration risks later in the design cycle. In particular, the choice of the degree of decentralization of the architecture has become a crucial issue in automotive electronics. In this paper, we demonstrate how a rigorous methodology (platform-based design) and the Metropolis framework can be used to find the balance between centralized and decentralized architectures
Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Coal-Derived Gasification Residues to Fuel Blending Stocks:  Effect of Reaction Variables and Catalyst on Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) (2006)

Gas liquors, tar oils, and tar products resulting from the coal gasification of a high-temperature Fischer−Tropsch plant can be successfully refined to fuel blending components by the use of severe hydroprocessing conditions. High operating temperatures and pressures combined with low space velocities ensure the deep hydrogenation of refractory oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Hydrodeoxygenation, particularly the removal of phenolic components, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation were obtained at greater than 99% levels using the NiMo and NiW on γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Maximum deoxygenation activity was achieved using the NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst having a maximum pore size distribution in the range of 110−220 Å. The NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which also has a relatively high proportion of smaller pore sizes (35−60 Å), displays lower hydrogenation activity.
Commercial Bank Credits and Industrial Subsector’s Growth in Nigeria (2014)

This study investigates the impacts of commercial bank credit on Nigeria industrial subsectors between 1972 and 2012. Econometric Error Correction Model (ECM) was employed to estimate the output response of the three subsectors namely: the manufacturing; mining and quarry; and real estate and construction subsectors to commercial bank credits, as well as the  response of aggregate output of the entire industrial sector to subsector’s output and their commercial bank credits. The results of estimation indicate the following: commercial bank credits impacted positively and significantly on the manufacturing sub-sector in Nigeria, commercial bank credits to mining and quarry is a positive and significant determinant of the current year Mining and Quarry output in Nigeria, previous year bank credits to real estate and construction is a positive determinant of the current year real estate and construction output, bank credits to manufacturing, mining and quarry as well as bank credits to real estate and construction correlated positively with aggregate industrial output with bank credits to real estate and construction having greater and a significant impact on industrial output. interest rate was not an important determinant of industrial sector and industrial sub-sectors outputs, exchange rate is a negative and significant determinant of industrial sector’s outputs in Nigeria. These results point to the conclusion that, increase bank credits to industrial sector is indispensible in stimulating industrial sector growth in Nigeria. Key word: Bank, Credits, ECM, Industrial subsectors, Nigeria
Fenfluramine Hydrochloride Treatment of Parkinsonism (1977)

The oral administration of fenfluramine hydrochloride, which acts centrally to augment serotonin-mediated synaptic function, did not alter extrapyramidal signs in either untreated or levodopa-treated parkinsolian patients. These results support the contention that biochemical indices of serotonergic dysfunction in Parkinson disease do not reflect a critical role for serotonin-containing neural systems in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism and that serotonin-active drugs afford no significant therapeutic benefit to patients with this disorder.
Liposomal encapsulation of azidothymidine results in decreased hematopoietic toxicity and enhanced activity against murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1992)

This study has determined the effect of liposomal encapsulation on the hematopoietic toxicity and antiviral activity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) in mice. Daily intravenous administration in the dose range 0.4 to 10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days significantly depressed bone marrow cellularity with a corresponding decrease in red blood cell, blood neutrophil, and monocyte numbers. Maximum toxicity was seen at 2 mg/kg or greater. Liposomal encapsulation of AZT and administration at 2 mg/kg abrogated the toxicity of AZT. The neutrophil inflammatory response to thioglycollate injected intraperitoneally was significantly inhibited by AZT at all doses, whereas liposomal AZT was without effect. The inhibitory activity of AZT against Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was reduced on liposomal encapsulation of AZT, while treatment of mice with liposomal AZT but not free AZT resulted in a significant reduction of Con A-stimulated proliferation. Liposomal AZT was more effective than AZT in preventing the development of plasma reverse transcriptase activity and the depletion of Thy 1.2(+)-L3T4+ T cells after infection of mice with LP-BM5 retrovirus. These results indicate that AZT-induced hematopoietic toxicity may not be a limiting factor for antiviral therapy, and that the use of liposomes to deliver AZT results in enhanced antiretroviral activity in mice.
Competing Effects of Fluorination on the Orientation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Phosphonic Acid Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide (2013)

Transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) are common substrates for optoelectronic devices, including organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells. Tailoring the interface between the oxide and the active layer by adjusting the work function or wettability of the oxide can improve the performance of these devices in both emissive and photovoltaic applications. The use of carefully designed surface modifiers that form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can allow the tuning of the surface of one oxide material to optimize its properties for use with a variety of different organic semiconductors or for different applications. Fluorinated phosphonic-acid-based SAMs can affect the interface dipole and the work function of a metal oxide. Fluorination may also affect the molecular packing and the orientation of the SAM once bound to the surface. We utilize angle-dependent near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to determine the molecular orientations of octylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, and fluorinated derivatives on ITO and correlate the molecular orientations derived from these studies with predictions from density functional theory (DFT). We account quantitatively for the effect of surface roughness on the measured orientations. We observe that fluorination of the octylphosphonic acid SAM results in a more upright orientation, an effect we attribute to intermolecular forces and increased steric bulk. In contrast, fluorination of the phenylphosphonic acid SAM leads to a less upright orientation that we associate with changes in binding mode.
The Phosphotungstate Method for Vanadium: Spectrophotometric Study (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Phosphotungstate Method for Vanadium: Spectrophotometric StudyE. R. Wright and M. G. MellonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1937, 9, 6, 251–254Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50110a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50110a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
YRKL Sequence of Influenza Virus M1 Functions as the L Domain Motif and Interacts with VPS28 and Cdc42 (2006)

Earlier studies have shown that the C-terminal half of helix 6 (H6) of the influenza A virus matrix protein (M1) containing the YRKL sequence is involved in virus budding (E. K.-W. Hui, S. Barman, T. Y. Yang, and D. P. Nayak, J. Virol. 77:7078-7092, 2003). In this report, we show that the YRKL sequence is the L domain motif of influenza virus. Like other L domains, YRKL can be inserted at different locations on the mutant M1 protein and can restore virus budding in a position-independent manner. Although YRKL is a part of the nuclear localization signal (NLS), the function of YRKL was independent of the NLS activity and the NLS function of M1 was not required for influenza virus replication. Some mutations in YRKL and the adjacent region caused a reduction in the virus titer by blocking virus release, and some affected virus morphology, producing elongated particles. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting analyses showed that VPS28, a component of the ESCRT-I complex, and Cdc42, a member of the Rho family GTP-binding proteins, interacted with the M1 protein via the YRKL motif. In addition, depletion of VPS28 and Cdc42 by small interfering RNA resulted in reduction of influenza virus production. Moreover, overexpression of dominant-negative Cdc42 inhibited influenza virus replication, whereas a constitutively active Cdc42 mutant enhanced virus production in infected cells. These results indicated that VPS28, a component of ESCRT-I, and Cdc42, a small G protein, are associated with the M1 protein and involved in the influenza virus life cycle.
High-speed, optically controlled surface-normal optical switch based on diffusive conduction (1999)

We report a surface-normal optically controlled optoelectronic modulator made from a reversed biased p-i (multiple quantum well)-n GaAs/AlGaAs structure with ultrathin barriers (5 Å) whose recovery time is based on diffusive conduction. Modulation of reflectivity from 0.3 to 0.6 and back again in about 50 ps was demonstrated using a 750 fJ control pulse at 855 nm. We also demonstrated modulated changes in power greater than the control pulse power—a type of signal gain—by a factor of 1.8-to-1. Strong changes in reflectivity combined with low required control power make this device potentially useful for high-speed switching arrays in such applications as time division demultiplexing.
MinDE-Dependent Pole-to-Pole Oscillation of Division Inhibitor MinC in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

By inhibiting FtsZ ring formation near the cell ends, the MinC protein plays a critical role in proper positioning of the division apparatus in Escherichia coli. MinC activity requires that of MinD, and the MinE peptide provides topological specificity by suppressing MinC-MinD-mediated division inhibition specifically at the middle of the cell. We recently presented evidence that MinE not only accumulates in an FtsZ-independent ring structure at the cell's middle but also imposes a unique dynamic localization pattern upon MinD in which the latter accumulates alternately in either one of the cell halves in what appears to be a rapidly oscillating membrane association-dissociation cycle. Here we show that functional green fluorescent protein-MinC displays a very similar oscillatory behavior which is dependent on both MinD and MinE and independent of FtsZ. The results support a model in which MinD recruits MinC to its site of action and in which FtsZ ring assembly at each of the cell ends is blocked in an intermittent and alternate fashion.
Optimization of Well Placement Using Evolutionary Algorithms (2008)

Abstract Non-conventional wells allow to increase considerably hydrocarbon recovery. By considering the high drilling cost and the potential earn in well productivity, optimum implementation of non-conventional wells is an important issue in petroleum industry. Considering large number of parameters involved in well placement and high reservoir heterogeneities, stochastic methods such as evolutionary algorithms are the most efficient approaches for optimization. In this paper, we present the CMAES (Covariance Matrix Adaptation - Evolution Strategy) method, which is based on evolutionary approach and has been considered as one of the best stochastic optimization method for non-linear problem. The application of CMAES to the problem of well placement optimization is presented. CMAES is an alternative approach for the well placement, and it gives comparable results with respect to the genetic algorithm. Although the evolutionary methods such as CMAES or genetic algorithm are suitable for the modelling of well placement, their efficiency depends on various parameters involved in the model. In this paper, the impacts of model parameters in the optimization of well placement are also discussed.