gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Excitations in Condensed Biological Matter (1985)

In living matter, electronic excitations may have a collective character which is reviewed here in simple physical terms. In liquids and ordered solids the collective excitations appear as plasmons or excitons. Plasmons are delocalized electronic perturbations of a huge number of oscillating electrons decaying very quickly into localized electronic perturbations, mainly low-energy ionizations. Excitons are very light, moving quantum quasi-particles carrying energy, charge and information in structured biological systems. In deformable soft structures collective excitations appear as solitons behaving as rather massive quasi-particles of combined quantum and classical character. Solitons are relatively stable micro-objects able to transfer energy, charge, mass, and biological information along such biological structures as (chains of) macromolecules, fibres, membranes and surfaces. Some photobiological and radiation biological consequences of collective electronic excitations are suggested.
Effect of Aryl Substituents on the Reactivity of Phenyl Carbamate Acrylate Monomers (2004)

Novel monoacrylate monomers with a carbamate secondary functionality and a terminal aryl group were synthesized to study the mechanisms that allow for increased reactivity of these monomers compared to that of typical monoacrylate monomers. Systematic studies were conducted by varying electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents on the aryl moiety. Two primary hypotheses were studied, which were that resonance and electronic effects or hydrogen-bonding effects lead to enhanced reactivity. Kinetic evaluations of these substituted monomers revealed that electronic and resonance effects are not the primary source of the increased reactivity. Moreover, correlations of dipole moment calculations with steady-state polymerization rate behavior revealed that dipole moment is also not the primary source of the increased reactivity. However, comonomer studies showed that, by adding the novel monoacrylate monomers to more slowly polymerizing traditional acrylate monomers, the overall reactivity of the mixture could be increased dramatically, revealing a possible use as reactive diluents. Additionally, hydrogen-bonding strength was analyzed and correlated with steady-state polymerization rate behavior. The hydrogen-bonding and N−H polarization strength of the monomers is not the primary source of the increased reactivity.
Fully Integrated GLONASS Dual Frequency P-Code and GPS/GLONASS Single Frequency C/A Code Receiver: Features and Performance (1994)

The 3s Navigation R-100/40 receiver is
a multi-channel GLONASS dual frequency
P-code receiver which can be integrated
with a single frequency multi-channel
C/A-code GPS/GLONASS receiver (model R-
100/20). The combined receiver provides
up to 8 GLONASS P-code channels as well
as 6 GPS C/A-code channels and 6
GLONASS C/A-code channels. The
implementation allows manual or
automatic satellite selection. The
receiver can be operated as a
navigator, in the time transfer mode,
or in the ionosphere sounder mode, and
accepts differential corrections. With
additional software, the receiver can
also be used as a differential
reference station for both GPS and
GLONASS. The receiver is described and
performance discussed. This includes
mixed processing of GLONASS C/A and P
code and GPS C/A code measurements,
time transfer applications as well as
differential operations.
Identification and functional analysis of 'hypothetical' genes expressed in Haemophilus influenzae (2004)

The progress in genome sequencing has led to a rapid accumulation in GenBank submissions of uncharacterized 'hypothetical' genes. These genes, which have not been experimentally characterized and whose functions cannot be deduced from simple sequence comparisons alone, now comprise a significant fraction of the public databases. Expression analyses of Haemophilus influenzae cells using a combination of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches resulted in confident identification of 54 'hypothetical' genes that were expressed in cells under normal growth conditions. In an attempt to understand the functions of these proteins, we used a variety of publicly available analysis tools. Close homologs in other species were detected for each of the 54 'hypothetical' genes. For 16 of them, exact functional assignments could be found in one or more public databases. Additionally, we were able to suggest general functional characterization for 27 more genes (comprising approximately 80% total). Findings from this analysis include the identification of a pyruvate-formate lyase-like operon, likely to be expressed not only in H.influenzae but also in several other bacteria. Further, we also observed three genes that are likely to participate in the transport and/or metabolism of sialic acid, an important component of the H.influenzae lipo-oligosaccharide. Accurate functional annotation of uncharacterized genes calls for an integrative approach, combining expression studies with extensive computational analysis and curation, followed by eventual experimental verification of the computational predictions.
Investigation of cultivation conditions for capsular polysaccharide production by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 (2011)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is among the most significant causes of bacterial disease in humans. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production is essential for pneumococcal virulence. Pneumococcal CPS has been widely used as vaccine antigen. This study is focused on the influence of culture conditions of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 as for developing an industrial method for polysaccharide production. The pH proved to be a highly important variable in batchwise culture. Using the pH control all glucose added was consumed resulting in a four-fold increase in polysaccharide productivity relative to cultivation without pH control. S. pneumoniae is a lactic acid bacterium, so named for its primary metabolic byproduct (lactate), which has an inhibitory effect on cell growth in concentrations ranging from 4 to 5 g/L. An increase of 30% in polysaccharide productivity was observed using glucose pulses with 5.5 hrs of growth, resulting in a maximum polysaccharide concentration of 185.2 mg/L. Our data suggest the possibility of using a medium of non-animal origin and employing pH control for the cultivation of pneumococcus to produce a polysaccharide vaccine.
Werner Syndrome Protein (1998)

In addition to its DNA helicase activity, Werner syndrome protein (WRN) also possesses an exonuclease activity (Shen, J.-C., Gray, M. D., Kamath-Loeb, A. S., Fry, M., Oshima, J., and Loeb, L. A. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34139-34144). Here we describe the properties of nearly homogeneous WRN exonuclease. WRN exonuclease hydrolyzes a recessed strand in a partial DNA duplex but does not significantly digest single-stranded DNA, blunt-ended duplex, or a protruding strand of a partial duplex. Although DNA is hydrolyzed in the absence of nucleoside triphosphates, nuclease activity is markedly stimulated by ATP, dATP, or CTP. WRN exonuclease digests DNA with a 3' --> 5' directionality to generate 5'-dNMP products, and DNA strands terminating with either a 3'-OH or 3'-PO4 group are hydrolyzed to similar extents. A recessed DNA strand with a single 3'-terminal mismatch is hydrolyzed more efficiently by WRN than one with a complementary nucleotide, but the enzyme fails to hydrolyze a DNA strand terminating with two mismatched bases. WRN exonuclease is distinguished from known mammalian DNA nucleases by its covalent association with a DNA helicase, preference for a recessed DNA strand, stimulation by ATP, ability to equally digest DNA with 3'-OH or 3'-PO4 termini, and its preferential digestion of DNA with a single 3'-terminal mismatch.
Synthesis of 2-Aryl- and 5-Alkyl-2-aryloxazoles from 2-Aryl-5-bromooxazoles (1989)

2-Aryloxazoles, their 5-deuterio derivatives, and 5-alkyl-2-aryloxazoles are prepared in good yields from 2-aryl-5-bromooxazoles via halogen/metal exchange with butyllithium followed by treatment with water, methanol-O-d, or alkyl halides, respectively.
Design of SOA-based Grid Computing with Enterprise Service Bus (2010)

Due to great advantages that Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) offers to its adopters in almost all fields, many studies tried to leverage it in grid computing. These studies focused on enabling easy access and flexible management to underlying grid resources. However, none of them allowed access to grid resources through various technologies. Rather, most of them utilized SOA in terms of XML web services without considering its limitations. In this paper, we will introduce a high level architecture that goes beyond traditional efforts in leveraging SOA in grid computing. This architecture uses Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) model by leveraging Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) to offer a number of endpoints for published services. With these endpoints different requirements from both grid clients and executors could be easily and efficiently met. Proposed architecture does not tend to supersede other SOA-based grid computing frameworks and standards. Instead, it offers a new method for wrapping grid computing resources with a set of configurable WCF services that could be utilized by these frameworks.
States in the gap and recombination in amorphous semiconductors (1975)

Abstract The paper examines states in the gap in amorphous silicon and chalcogenides and their effect on photoconductivity, luminescence and drift mobility. It is supposed that carriers in an ‘ideal’ glassy semiconductor without defects would move by hopping at the band edge at low temperatures and by excitation to a mobility edge at high temperatures, and that the carriers do not form polarons; the results of Spear and co-workers (e.g. Spear 1974 a) for glow-discharge-deposited silicon and of Nagels, Callearts and Denayer (1974) for quenched As2Te3 containing silicon are considered. The effectively zero value of the Hall coefficient in the hopping regime is discussed. States in the gap are supposed to be due to dangling bonds which may form pairs at divacancies; if the concentration is high, these may have a predominating effect on the conductivity and in this case polaron-type hopping could occur, both for chalcogenides and for silicon. For the chalcogenides (in contrast to silicon), it is proposed, adapting a model due to Anderson (1975), that all dangling bonds are positively or negatively charged due to a large distortion energy associated with the former state; the absence of Curie paramagnetism and variable-range hopping is thereby explained; a.c. conductivity is also discussed. The reason why chalcogenides differ in this respect from silicon and germanium lies in the differing natures of the upper parts of the valence bands, which in the former case arise from non-bonding lone-pair states. It is suggested that the same conclusions may be valid for oxide glasses. The recombination mechanisms active in photoconduction and photoluminescence are described; for non-radiative transitions we use a method due to Englman and Jortner (1970). It is emphasized that hydrogen can greatly accelerate multiphonon recombination.
Deactivation of catalase by hydrogen peroxide (1990)

When a mechanism is used to determine possible deactivation kinetics, a certain consistency with the kinetics of the main reaction is found. This result is examined in the light of experimental evidence obtained with bovine liver and Aspergillus catalases.
Dynamics of oil generation and degradation during retorting of oil shale blocks and powders (1977)

The evolution of oil during pyrolysis of blocks and powders of oil shale was investigated using heating rates from 2 to 180/sup 0/C/h. Blocks (in the form of right circular cylinders) ranged in size from 3.2 to 17.2 cm in diameter and from 58 to 204 1/t (14 to 49 gal/ton) in grade. The results show that coking reactions are the major source of intraparticle oil degradation. Furthermore, the degree of coking depends strongly on the heating rate, but is nearly independent of particle size and grade for the conditions used. The experimental results from the 17.2 cm blocks are analyzed using a simple mathematical model based on kinetic results from powder retorting experiments and thermal data reported in the literature. The model calculations agree closely with the experimental data. Finally, the practical implications of this work for field retorting are discussed.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch for production of bioethanol with a colombian wild yeast strain (2011)

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch for producing glucose syrups was evaluated using alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. Moreover, an enzyme mixture of α-amylase from Aspergillus kawachi and glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger was tested. Enzyme conditions for starch hydrolysis were optimized by a factorial experimental design (3³×2) using as variables substrate concentration, enzyme/substrate ratio and time reaction. Optimal enzyme reactions with 100 g of starch per L were: α-amylase at pH 5.0, 80 °C and enzyme dosage of 130.5 U g-1 of starch; and glucoamylase, pH 4.5, 70 °C and enzyme dosage of 81.5 U g-1 of starch. Additionally, optimal conditions for the enzymatic mixture were pH 4.5, 46 °C, and enzyme dosage of 16.4 U g-1 of starch. Finally, alcohol production using glucose syrups from enzymatically-hydrolyzed starch was carried out with a wild strain of Candida sp isolated from sugar cane juice, obtaining volumetric ethanol productivities around 1.8-3.2 g L-1h-1.
Widefield lensless imaging through a fiber bundle via speckle correlations (2016)

Flexible fiber-optic endoscopes provide a solution for imaging at depths beyond the reach of conventional microscopes. Current endoscopes require focusing and/or scanning mechanisms at the distal end, which limit miniaturization, frame-rate, and field of view. Alternative wavefront-shaping based lensless solutions are extremely sensitive to fiber-bending. We present a lensless, bend-insensitive, single-shot imaging approach based on speckle-correlations in fiber bundles that does not require wavefront shaping. Our approach computationally retrieves the target image by analyzing a single camera frame, exploiting phase information that is inherently preserved in propagation through convnetional fiber bundles. Unlike conventional fiber-based imaging, planar objects can be imaged at variable working distances, the resulting image is unpixelated and diffraction-limited, and miniaturization is limited only by the fiber diameter.
Isolation and Characterization of Two cDNAs for Large and Small Subunits of ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Kidney Bean (2003)

Abstract: Two cDNA clones for the large and small subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), designated pvagpLl and pvagpSl, respectively, were isolated from developing seeds of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Each deduced amino acid sequence showed significant identity (65-86%) with those of legumi nous AGPase large or small subunits. Northern blot analysis revealed that both mRNA species accumulated abundantly at the early-to mid-stages of seed development, indicating that both genes are synchronically ex pressed during seed maturation. Both gene products were also detected in leaves, stems and roots of kidney bean. In leaves, the pvagpLl mRNA level was constant during the diurnal cycle, whereas the pvagpSl mRNA level decreased markedly during the dark period. These results indicate that the pvagpLl and pvagpSl genes are differentially regulated by environmental and spatial conditions.
Construction of a practical sealed-off He-I<sup>+</sup>laser device (1977)

By improving the system for control of iodine vapour pressure with molecular sieves in a positive-column He-I2 discharge, it has been possible to construct a stable sealed-off He-I+ laser device for the visible region. It has a total laser power of 20-30 mW for five visible lines, and a lifetime longer than 1000 h. Details of the construction and operation of the practical He-I+ laser are reported. The characteristics of the laser power are also described.
Inhibitory effect of bovine seminal ribonuclease on activated lymphocyte and lymphoblastoid cell lines in vitro. (1981)

The native dimer bovine seminal ribonuclease, AS RNase, and its four modified derivatives (carboxymethylated, succinylated, oxidated and reduced) were examined for their effects on PHA- or PWM-stimulated human lymphocytes, mixed lymphocyte cultures and lymphoblastoid cell line line (Molt-3, RAJI, UHKT-2 and UHKT-5). Among all substances tested the native AS RNase exerted the strongest suppressive effect on PHA-, PWM-, and MLR- stimulated lymphocytes. At concentrations of 5 and 100 microgram/ml AS RNase inhibited lymphocyte stimulation in MLR by 40 and 95%. The carboxymethylated and reduced derivatives possessed inhibitory effect one order lower, while the succinylated derivative showed a negligible effect, and the oxidated derivative was ineffective. The inhibitory effect on PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was not reduced when AS RNase was added to lymphocyte culture 24 or 48 h later. Likewise, the 20-fold increase in PHA concentration did not cause any decrease in inhibitory effect of AS RNase. AS RNase added to transformed lymphocytes simultaneously with 3H-TdR did not affect the thymidine uptake. As RNase also had the strongest inhibitory effect on growth, viability and the DNA synthesis in all lymphoblastoid cell lines tested. After 72 h cultivation with AS RNase at a concentration of 100 microgram/ml, the DNA synthesis decreased by more than 90% in Molt-3 and UHKT-2 cells. Simultaneously reduction in cell count and increased numbers of dead cells compared to control cultures were found. Carboxymethylated derivative at the same concentration inhibited thymidine incorporation into the DNA by 70% but did not cause any cytotoxic effect. Other derivatives showed negligible or null effects. These results are in agreement with some data published earlier, that the dimer of seminal ribonuclease exerts a significant antitumour effect. The immunosuppressive effects of AS RNase observed in the present paper suggest that this compound is one of the components of seminal plasma which may take part in suppression of immune responses of the female reproductive tract to spermatozoa.
WS-DIAMOND an approach to Web services diagnosability, Monitoring and diagnosis (2007)

Self-healing software is one of the challenges issues for IST research. The WS-Diamond project aims at making a step in this direction by developing a framework for self-healing Web Services. In this paper, we present the overall goals of the project, namely: i) defining an operational framework for self-healing service execution of conversationally complex Web Services, where monitoring, detection and diagnosis of anomalous situations, due to functional or non-functional errors (e.g., Quality of Service), are carried on and repair/reconfiguration is performed, thus guaranteeing reliability and availability of Web Services; and ii) defining a methodology and tools for service design that guarantee effective and efficient diagnosability/reparability during execution. Then the paper illustrates an application scenario showing principles of model-based diagnosis, and composed Web Service repair scenarios. An overall presentation of the architecture is given.
Preparation of chiral aziridines from chiral oxiranes with retention of configuration (1992)

Chiral oxiranes are converted into chiral aziridines viaβ-hydroxyalkly aryl sulfides and then β-tosylaminoalkyl aryl sulfides without loss of optical purity and with overall retention of configuration.
Identification and Characterization of a Group of Polymorphic, Single Domain Peptidoglycan Hydrolases of the NlpC/P60 Superfamily in Dust Mites (2015)

A 14 kDa bacteriolytic enzyme, LytFM, previously purified from the growth medium of dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , shows high sequence homology with cysteine peptidases belonging to the NlpC/P60 Superfamily. This study aimed to identify genes encoding similar proteins in dust mite species and to characterize the putative encoded proteins. PCR and bioinformatic analysis revealed homologous genes encoding this single domain protein in Psoroptes ovis , Blomia tropicalis , Euroglyphus maynei and D. farinae . A variant, LytFM2, was detected in D. pteronyssinus indicating that the D. pteronyssinus proteins are polymorphic. The lytFM sequence was amplified from a D. pteronyssinus gDNA library as an intronless gene and its 3′ end flanking sequence contained a prokaryotic promoter sequence suggesting a prokaryotic origin. Homology studies showed that the putative mite proteins possessed a cysteine peptidase catalytic triad characteristic of members of the NlpC/P60 Superfamily involved in peptidoglycan processing. However, they all lacked a conserved Asp residue characteristic of NlpC/P60 proteins recognizing a free L‐Ala residue of the peptidoglycan stem peptide suggesting that the mite proteins cleave GlcNAc‐MurNAc‐L‐Ala‐γ‐D‐Glu‐mDAP/Lys peptidoglycan substrates. These enzymes thus represent a conserved group of proteins in several mite species that may have an important role in protection of the gut from pathogens or utilization of bacteria as a food source, or both. As at least two of these mite proteins are secreted, they may represent a novel group of allergenic proteins. Work supported by Asthma Foundation WA and NH&MRC Australia.
A framework for the emerging mobile commerce applications (2005)

We envision many new e-commerce applications will be possible and significantly benefit from emerging wireless and mobile networks. These applications can collectively be termed wireless e-commerce or mobile commerce. To allow designers, developers, and researchers to strategize and effectively implement mobile commerce applications, we propose a 4-level integrated framework for mobile commerce. Since there are potentially an unlimited number of mobile commerce applications we only identify a few important classes of applications such as mobile financial applications, mobile advertising, mobile inventory management, proactive service management, product location and search, and wireless re-engineering. We also address the networking requirements of these applications and discuss how these requirements can be supported by existing and emerging wireless networks. It is our hope that this work will become the framework for further research in mobile commerce.
Single 20-Second Acquisition of Deep-Inspiration Breath-Hold PET/CT: Clinical Feasibility for Lung Cancer (2009)

The single 20-s acquisition of breath-hold PET/CT enabled more precise measurement of SUVmax, especially in the lower lung field and for small tumors, which may be affected by respiratory motion. This technique is feasible in the clinical setting and requires only a minor increase in examination time.
Novel Naphthoquinones from a Streptomyces sp. (1999)

Cdc25A assay-guided fractionation of a fermentation broth derived from a Streptomyces sp. resulted in the isolation of four novel naphthoquinones 1-4. Structures of these compounds were deduced by NMR and mass spectrometry. Two of them, 3 and 4, incorporate a modified cysteine residue which is observed for the first time in this class of natural products. Naphthoquinones 1-4 showed weak activity against cdc25A phosphatase.