gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mutation and human disorders: The spinocerebellar ataxias (Review) (2004)

A completely new mutational event associated with human diseases - the dynamic mutation - was discovered in the last decade. The molecular mechanism underlying dynamic mutation involves the expansion and intergenerational instability of a tandem-arrayed nucleotide sequence that acquire a pathological size, despite its polymorphic occurrence in normal individuals. To date, at least fourteen neurological disorders are associated with this phenomenon, including Huntington's disease (HD), dentatorubral and palidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), spinobulbar and muscular atrophy (SBMA), myotonic dystrophy (DM), fragile X syndrome, FRAXE mental retardation and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 1-3, 6-8, 12 and 17. The spinocerebellar ataxias comprise a heterogeneous group of severe neurodegenerative-late onset disorders characterized by loss of balance and coordination. Most of the spinocerebellar ataxias exhibit an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and are promoted by the intergenerational expansion of a trinucleotide repeat (CAG)n inside the coding region of the respective gene. The expanded segment is translated into an abnormal polyglutamine tract in the protein, leading to the formation of nuclear aggregates that have been considered the basis of the pathogenesis in most of SCA types. One striking characteristic of these diseases is that the gene is expressed throughout the brain and also in other tissues but no pathological consequences are observed, despite the specific cellular degeneration. The characterization of the mutational event has led to the development of specific and sensitive molecular tests for direct DNA analysis, which allow confirmation of clinical diagnostic and an adequate therapeutic indication as well as genetic counseling.
Inverse problem in optical diffusion tomography IV Nonlinear inversion formulas (2003)

We continue our study of the inverse scattering problem for diffuse light. In contrast to our earlier work, in which we considered the linear inverse problem, we now consider the nonlinear problem. We obtain a solution to this problem in the form of a functional series expansion. The first term in this expansion is the pseudoinverse of the linearized forward-scattering operator and leads to the linear inversion formulas that we have reported previously. The higher-order terms represent nonlinear corrections to this result. We illustrate our results with computer simulations in model systems.
Effect of poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated polyethylene blend composition on thermal stability (2000)

Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with different ratios of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) were degradated by the thermogravimetric method under dynamic conditions (50–600°C) in an inert atmosphere. The effect of the miscibility and composition of the PVC/CPE blends on the thermal stability were investigated. DSC curves of the blends show neither a shift of the PVC glass transition temperature nor a shift of the CPE melting temperature, which means that these blends are heterogeneous. The characteristics of the TG curves were determined, some of which (T1%,T5%, Δm1) can be used as indicators of the thermal stability of the blend. The apparent activation energy of PVC dehydrochlorination in the blends was also calculated. Comparison of the experimental TG curves and TG curves predicted by the additivity rule indicates the existence of the components' interaction in the PVC/CPE blends. The addition of CPE improves the thermal stability of PVC for all the investigated blends in the temperature range where αcalc is greater than αexp. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 166–172, 2000
Improved biochemical screening procedure for small clinical laboratories for vero (Shiga-like)-toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (1986)

Of 327 sorbitol-negative fecal isolates of Escherichia coli, 37 O157:H7 Vero (Shiga-like)-toxin-producing strains were identified. The specificity of the basic sorbitol screen was improved from 11.3 to 33.6% by the exclusion of organisms with negative ornithine and lysine decarboxylase reactions.
Cloning of a chromosomal Î±-amylase gene from<i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1991)

We have cloned and sequenced a gene for a heat-stable α-amylase from a natural isolate of Bacillus stearothermophilus. Previously, it had been shown that B. stearothermophilus amylase genes may be harboured on indigenous plasmids. We have found that our isolate harbours the amylase gene only on the chromosome and not on its indigenous plasmid.
Parallel nanoimaging using an array of 30 heated microcantilevers (2014)

Parallel nanoimaging using an array of 30 heated AFM cantilevers is reported. The measurement speed and area are increased over standard AFM by two orders of magnitude.
Sound Manipulation With Acoustic Metamaterials (2012)

Acoustic metamaterials are engineered materials with properties hard or impossible to find in natural materials (e.g. negative effective density and/or negative bulk modulus). Therefore, a myriad of novel applications could be imagined and some of them have already been theoretically and/or experimentally demonstrated. Gradient index acoustic lenses, acoustic cloaks or acoustic absorbing panels are some common examples. Here, we review the coordinate transformation approach (transformation acoustics) which provides the material parameters needed to precisely control the acoustic wave propagation. Then, we use this technique to design an acoustic black hole and a 3D acoustic ground cloak. We use numerical simulations to explore the practical feasibility of the material parameters required by these applications and design non-resonant, highly sub-wavelength unit cells that will implement them in practice.
DNA probe for the identification of Histoplasma capsulatum (1989)

A 1.85-kilobase HindIII nuclear DNA probe from Histoplasma capsulatum G217B detected polymorphic restriction fragments within whole-cell DNA from different clinical isolates of H. capsulatum, consistent with the previous system of classification. The probe failed to hybridize to DNA from Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sepedonium chrysospermum, and Chrysosporium keratinophilum under low-stringency conditions and therefore may have value as a diagnostic reagent to identify H. capsulatum.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry simultaneous determination of repaglinide and metformin in human plasma and its application to bioequivalence study. (2013)

A simple, sensitive, selective, and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of repaglinide and metformin in human plasma using d5-repaglinide and d6-metformin as internal standards (ISs). After a simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile as the precipitation solvent, both analytes and ISs were separated on a Venusil ASB C 18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) via gradient elution using acetonitrile--10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. A chromatographic total run time of 7.5 min was achieved. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization under positive-ion and multiple-reaction monitoring modes. The method was linear over the 0.2 to 60.0 ng x mL(-1) concentration range for repaglinide and over the 4 to 1 000 ng x mL(-1) range for metformin. For both analytes, the intra- and inter-accuracies and precisions were within the +/- 15% acceptable limit across all concentrations. The validated method was successfully applied to a clinical bioequivalence study.
PbO-free glasses for low temperature packaging (1997)

Zinc polyphosphate glasses were examined as potential candidates for low temperature sealing applications. Glass-formation and properties were determined for the ZnO-P{sub 2}O{sub 5}, ZnO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} and ZnO-SnO-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} systems, and information about the short-range structures of these glasses was obtained by Raman and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. In general, the most durable polyphosphate glasses have structures based on relatively short pyrophosphate chain lengths (i.e., 2 P-tetrahedra). Modified phosphate compositions are given, including compositions used to seal float glass substrates at temperatures as low as 500{degrees}C.
Droperidol, a Selective Antagonist of Postsynaptic α-Adrenoceptors in the Canine Saphenous Vein (1980)

Droperidol antagonizes postsynaptic α-adrenoceptors in blood vessels, yet clinical doses of this drug can induce hypertension when a pheochromocytoma is present. Whether droperidol can block presynaptic α-adrenoceptors, causing increased release of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings, was e
Pyroelectric effect and polarization instability in self-assembled diphenylalanine microtubes (2016)

The natural ability of peptides and proteins to self-assemble into elongated fibrils is associated with several neurogenerative diseases. Diphenylalanine (FF) tubular structures that have the same structural motif as in Aβ-amyloid peptide (involved in Alzheimer's disease) are shown to possess remarkable physical properties ranging from piezoelectricity to electrochemical activities. In this work, we also discover a significant pyroelectric activity and measure the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient in the temperature range of 20–100 °C. Pyroelectric activity decreases with temperature contrary to most ferroelectric materials and significant relaxation of pyrocurrent is observed on cooling after heating above 50 °C. This unusual behavior is assigned to the temperature-induced disorder of water molecules inside the nanochannels. Pyroelectric coefficient and current and voltage figures of merit are estimated and future applications of pyroelectric peptide nanostructures in biomedical applications are outlined.
MAKING PEPTIDES AT LARGE SCALE (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMAKING PEPTIDES AT LARGE SCALEEFFICIENT SYNTHESIS is helping to renew interest in the peptide drug marketANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 22, 21–25Publication Date (Print):May 30, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 30 May 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v089n022.p021https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n022.p021newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Enteroadherent Escherichia coli as a cause of diarrhea among children in Mexico (1987)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) often exhibits localized adherence or diffuse adherence to HEp-2 cells. We recently provided evidence that HEp-2 cell-adherent or enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC) not belonging to EPEC serogroups was the cause of diarrhea among U.S. travelers to Mexico. In the present study, we looked for EAEC and EPEC in stool specimens from 154 children with acute diarrhea and 137 well children seen at several outpatient clinics in Guadalajara, Mexico. EAEC showing localized adherence (EAEC-L) was isolated from 13.0% of the patients and 0.7% of the controls (P less than 0.0001). EAEC showing diffuse adherence (EAEC-D) was recovered from 20.8% of the patients and 7.3% of the controls (P less than 0.001). EPEC was isolated from 4.5 and 6.7% of the patients and controls, respectively. Among all enteropathogens, only enterotoxigenic E. coli occurred as commonly (21.4%) as EAEC-D and EAEC-L did in children with diarrhea. Of the EAEC-L strains isolated from children with diarrhea, 20% belonged to recognized EPEC serogroups, and 3.1% of EAEC-D strains belonged to recognized EPEC serogroups. This study suggests that EAEC may be an important pediatric enteropathogen in Mexican children with diarrhea and further supports the observation that adherence to HEp-2 cells may be a marker of virulence independent of EPEC serogroup among E. coli strains.
A bacteriophage system for screening and study of biologically active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. (1977)

The usefulness of bacterial viruses for detecting substances that are potentially carcinogenic is reexamined as a model system for screening biologically active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A modification of the original assay procedure allows one to distinguish between aromatics that can modify the biological activity of infectious nucleic acids directly and those polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that require metabolic activation by Escherichia coli enzymes. The effect of chemical modification of several different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with respect to their biological activity in the phage assay system, is described. Among the 31 different compounds examined, (+/-)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide was the most potent inhibitor of infectious phage nucleic acid. The (+) and (-) isomers of the above racemic mixture did not differ significantly in their capacity to inhibit phage replication.
A Color Correction Algorithm of Multi-view Video Based on Depth Segmentation (2008)

In order to solve the problem of inconsistent color appearance between different views, and subsequently influences on multi-view video coding, a color correction algorithm of multi-view video based on depth segmentation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, depth information in each view is calculated. Then, background and foreground region are separated with the depth information. Finally, correction factors are achieved and color correction is used for the two regions respectively. Moreover, the boundary between the background and foreground has been treated with color gradual change. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain consistent color appearance for different views and high coding efficiency. It is an effective method of color correction.
Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of the Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in Lower Vertebrates1 (2008)

The KISS1 gene encodes the kisspeptin neuropeptide, which activates the KISS1 receptor (KISS1R; G protein-coupled receptor 54; GPR54) and participates in neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH secretion. To study the physiological function(s) and evolutionary conservation of KISS1, we cloned opossum, Xenopus, and zebrafish kiss1 cDNAs. Processing zebrafish, Xenopus, or opossum KISS proteins would liberate a carboxy-terminal amidated peptide with 52, 54, or 53 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of all known vertebrate KISS1 peptides showed clear clustering of the sequences according to canonical vertebrate classes. The zebrafish kiss1 gene consists of two exons and one intron. Real-time PCR analysis of two kiss1R cloned from zebrafish brain found expression of kiss1, kiss1ra, and kiss1rb, with kiss1ra-more similar to other piscine Kiss1 receptors-highly expressed in the gonads and kiss1rb in other nonbrain tissues. In females kiss1 mRNA levels gradually increased during the first few weeks of life to peak in fish with ovaries containing mature oocytes, while in males kiss1 mRNA levels peaked after 6 wk postfertilization when the testes exhibited initial stages of spermatogenesis and decreased after puberty. Zebrafish kiss1ra and kiss1rb were expressed differentially with similar patterns in both genders. These results indicate that the Kiss1/Kiss1r system may participate in puberty initiation in fish as well. Like human KISS1R, Kiss1ra transduces its activity via the PKC pathway, whereas Kiss1rb does so via both PKC and PKA pathways. The human KISS1R was highly activated by both huKISS10amide and zfKISS10amide, whereas both zebrafish Kiss1 receptor types were less sensitive to amidation.
The effect of postprostatectomy external beam radiotherapy on quality of life (2006)

Although salvage radiotherapy is associated with unclear survival benefits, it adversely affects sexual and bowel function. Until randomized clinical trials demonstrate disease-specific survival benefits for salvage radiotherapy, the HRQOL detriments of additional therapy must be weighed against improved PSA progression-free survival.
MiRNA-155 targets myosin light chain kinase and modulates actin cytoskeleton organization in endothelial cells (2014)

Previously, we identified a microRNA (miRNA) signature for endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to unidirectional shear stress (USS). MiR-155, a multifunctional miRNA that has been implicated in atherosclerosis, was among the shear stress-responsive miRNAs. Here, we examined the role of miR-155 in modulating EC phenotype and function. In vitro, increased miR-155 levels in human ECs induced changes in morphology and filamentous (F)-actin organization. In addition, ECs transfected with miR-155 mimic were less migratory and less proliferative and had less apoptosis compared with control ECs. In mouse aorta, miR-155 expression was increased in the intima of thoracic aorta, where blood flow produces steady and unidirectional shear stress, compared with the intima of the lower curvature of the aortic arch, which is associated with oscillatory and low shear stress. These differences in miR-155 expression were associated with distinct changes in EC morphology and F-actin. The effects of miR-155 in vitro were mediated through suppression of two key regulators of the EC cytoskeleton organization: RhoA and myosin light chain kinase (MYLK). A novel direct interaction between miR-155 and the MYLK 3'UTR was verified by luciferase-MYLK 3'UTR reporter assays. Furthermore, the intensity of immunofluorescence staining for RhoA and MYLK in mouse aorta correlated inversely with miR-155 expression. In conclusion, a prominent effect of the multifunctional miR-155 in ECs is modulation of phenotype through alterations in RhoA, MYLK expression, and actin cytoskeleton organization.
Laser surface engineering for improving cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance of manganese nickel aluminium bronze (2003)

Laser surface melting (LSM) of Manganese Nickel Aluminium Bronze (Cu-Mn-Al-Ni-Fe) to improve cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance was performed using a 2-kW continuous wave (CW) Nd-YAG laser. A modified layer with a single β-phase structure and with highly refined and homogenized grains was obtained. Under favorable laser processing conditions (Power = 1 kW; Scanning velocity = 35 mm/s; Spot diameter = 2 mm) the microhardness was increased by 2 times and the cavitation erosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was increased by 5.8 times. This was even higher than that of Nickel Aluminium Bronze (NAB). For as-received MAB, the SEM micrographs of the surface taken at an early stage of the cavitation erosion and general corrosion tests revealed that the iron/manganese-rich κI phase and the α/κI interface were initiation sites of damage. On the other hand, attack was much milder in the laser melted samples and started at the triple junctions of the grain boundaries. The corrosion current density in 3.5 wt% NaCl was also improved after laser surface melting, with a reduction from 9.54 µA/cm2 to 4.26 µA/cm2. The corrosion potential also shifted in the noble direction by about 80 mV. It could be concluded that the improvement in both cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance was in particular attributable to homogenization and refinement of the microstructure.
Pathogenesis of Astrovirus Infection (2005)

Astroviruses are one of the leading causes of diarrhea worldwide. In spite of its impact on human health, little is known about astrovirus pathogenesis. One reason for this may be the lack of a suitable small animal model for infection. In recent years, there has been increasing information on the mechanism of astrovirus-induced disease in mammals (including humans) and birds. This review summarizes our current state of knowledge on astrovirus pathogenesis.
The Stuttering Problem Considered from an Automatic Control Point of View (1966)

The problem of stuttering in human speech is approached in this presentation on the premise that the speech mech anism is a feedback system. A simplified version of the human speech system is developed. Stuttering is assumed to be an instability which causes the system to become un stable or block. Various instabilities in the system are con sidered and their validity in the stuttering problem checked. This is accomplished by applying to the model clinically tested techniques which decrease or stop stutter ing in people. The assumption is that if the techniques which decrease or stop stuttering in people also return the model to a stable state, or normal speech, then this model instability is a possible cause of stuttering. This leads to the conclusion that a malfunction of the middle ear, a variable gain device, is a possible cause of stuttering. Investigating the speech system from an automatic control point of view is concluded to be a valid and fruitful approach.
Study of interfaces of high‐performance glass fibers and DGEBA‐based epoxy resins using single‐fiber‐composite test (1989)

Abstract The single‐fiber‐composite (SFC) technique was used to study the interfacial behavior between two flexible blends of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)‐based epoxy and polyglycol epoxide and three glass fibers. Dog‐bone‐shaped SFC specimens were made and strained to obtain a distribution of fragment lengths. The fibers were tension‐tested at two different gauge lengths. The fragment length distributions, the fiber strength data, and a Monte Carlo simulation of a Poisson/Weibull model for fiber strength and flaws were used to obtain the effective interfacial shear strength values. The results show that the interface does not fail. Instead, penny‐shaped transverse cracks appear at every fiber break and grow as the specimen is strained. The interfacial shear strength values are many times higher than the yield shear strength values of bulk epoxy obtained from the tension test.