gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Effects of sairei-to (TJ-114) on the expression of adhesion molecule in anti-GBM nephritic rats]. (1995)

In order to clarify the antinephritic mechanisms of Sairei-to (TJ-114), the effects of TJ-114 on the expression of adhesion molecules were evaluated in rats with anti-GBM nephritis. TJ-114 was administered orally once a day from the day (1st day) after anti-GBM serum injection throughout the experiment. TJ-114 inhibited crescent formation in glomeruli at the 10th day compared to control rats with anti-GBM nephritis. The ICAM-1- or VCAM-1-positive area in the glomeruli was increased in the nephritic control rats at the 10th day. In contrast, TJ-114 prevented increase in the ICAM-1- or VCAM-1-positive area in the glomeruli of nephritic rats. TJ-114 inhibited increase in the number of LFA-1- or VLA-4-positive cells in the glomeruli. One of the constituent components of TJ-114, Syo-saiko-to (TJ-9) at the dose of 750 mg/kg, also significantly inhibited increase in the ICAM-1- or VCAM-1-positive area in the glomeruli. Gorei-san (TJ-17), another component of TJ-114, inhibited increase in the ELAM-1-positive area and increase in the number of VLA-4-positive cells in the glomeruli. Prednisolone markedly inhibited increase in the positive area of those adhesion molecules and increase in the number of ligand-molecule-positive cells in the glomeruli. These results indicate that the antinephritic action of TJ-114 may be partially due to inhibition of adhesion molecule expression in the glomeruli.
Characteristics of the biodegradability and physical properties of stereocomplexes between poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) and poly(<scp>D</scp>‐lactide) copolymers (2004)

Abstract Random and block copolymerizations of L ‐ or D ‐lactide with ε‐caprolactone (CL) were performed with a novel anionic initiator, (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 SmMe(THF), and they resulted in partial epimerization, generating D , L ‐ or meso ‐lactide polymers with enhanced biodegradability. A blend of PLLA‐ r ‐PCL [82/18; PLLA = poly( L ‐LA) and PCL = poly(ε‐caprolactone)] and PDLA‐ r ‐PCL [79/21; PDLA = poly( D ‐LA)] prepared by the solution‐casting method generated a stereocomplex, the melting temperature of which was about 40 °C higher than that of the nonblended copolymers. A blend of PLLA‐ b ‐PCL (85/15) and PDLA‐ b ‐PCL (82/18) showed a lower elongation at break and a remarkably higher tensile modulus than stereocomplexes of PLLA‐ r ‐PCL/PDLA‐ r ‐PCL and PLLA/PDLA. The biodegradability of a blend of PLLA‐ r ‐PCL (65/35) and PDLA‐ r ‐PCL (66/34) with proteinase K was higher than that of PLLA‐ b ‐PCL (47/53) and PDLA‐ b ‐PCL (45/55), the degradability of which was higher than that of a PLLA/PDLA blend. A blend film of PLLA‐ r ‐PDLLA (69/31)/PDLA‐ r ‐PDLLA (68/32) exhibited higher degradability than a film of PLLA/PDLLA [PDLLA = poly( D , L ‐LA)]. A stereocomplex of PLLA‐ r ‐PCL‐ r ‐PDMO [80/18/2; PDMO = poly( L ‐3, D , L ‐6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morpholinedion)] with PDLA‐ r ‐PCL‐ r ‐PDMO (81/17/2) showed higher degradability than PLLA‐ r ‐PDMO (98/2)/PDLA‐ r ‐PDMO (98/2) and PLLA‐ r ‐PCL (82/18)/PDLA‐ r ‐PCL (79/21) blends. The tensile modulus of a blend of PLLA‐ r ‐PCL‐ r ‐PDMO and PDLA‐ r ‐PCL‐ r ‐PDMO was much higher than that of a blend of PLLA‐ r ‐PDMO and PDLA‐ r ‐PDMO. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 438–454, 2005
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery (2010)

Paraplegia remains one of the most devastating complications of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery and is associated with a significant increase in both morbidity and mortality. Modern aortic repair techniques use many modalities aimed at reducing the risk of spinal cord ischemia inherent with surgical management. One of these modalities that acts via optimizing spinal cord blood flow is lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Either alone or in combination with other interventions, CSF drainage remains one of the most frequently used spinal cord protection techniques. Despite no definitive proof of efficacy for reducing spinal cord injury, there are compelling data supporting its use. However, the potential benefit of CSF drainage must be balanced against the risks associated with its use, including nerve injury during insertion, compressive neuraxial hematoma formation, intracranial hemorrhage due to excessive drainage, and infection. The optimal benefit to risk ratio can be achieved by understanding the rationale for its use and following practical management guidelines.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Sensitizes Cells to Apoptosis Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (2003)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease worldwide, especially in the pediatric population. For viruses in general, apoptotic death of infected cells is a mechanism for reducing virus replication. Apoptosis can also be an important factor in augmenting antigen presentation and the host immune response. We examined apoptosis in response to RSV infection of primary small airway cells, primary tracheal-bronchial cells, and A549 and HEp-2 cell lines. The primary cells and the A549 cell line gave generally similar responses, indicating their appropriateness as models in contrast to HEp-2 cells. With the use of RNase protection assays with probes representing 33 common apoptosis factors, we found strong transcriptional activation of both pro- and antiapoptotic factors in response to RSV infection, which were further studied at the protein level and by functional assays. In particular, RSV infection strongly up-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its functional receptors death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. Furthermore, RSV-infected cells became highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by exogenous TRAIL. These findings suggest that RSV-infected cells in vivo are susceptible to killing through the TRAIL pathway by immune cells such as natural killer and CD4(+) cells that bear membrane-bound TRAIL. RSV infection also induced several proapoptotic factors of the Bcl-2 family and caspases 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, representing both the death receptor- and mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathways. RSV also mediated the strong induction of antiapoptotic factors of the Bcl-2 family, especially Mcl-1, which might account for the delayed induction of apoptosis in RSV-infected cells in the absence of exogenous induction of the TRAIL pathway.
Spin Wave Logic Circuit on Silicon Platform (2008)

We analyze spin wave-based logic circuits for information transmission and processing in integrated magneto-electric circuits. A bit of information is encoded into the phase of the spin wave propagating in the magnetic waveguide referred to as spin wave bus. It makes possible to transmit and process a number of bits at constant time. By exploiting sin wave superposition, a set of logic gates such as AND, OR, and Majority gate can be realized in one circuit. This paper presents the realization of a spin-wave based logic circuit fabricated on a silicon platform. The prototype micrometer scale circuit operates in the GHz frequency range and offers exciting potential as a multifunctional logic gate that could be scaled down to 0.1um2 with energy per bit as low as attoJ. Another potential advantage of the spin wave-based logic circuitry is the ability to implement logic gates with fewer elements as compared to CMOS-based circuits in achieving same functionality. The shortcomings and disadvantages of the spin wave-based devices are discussed.
Plasma Influence on Characteristics of Aerodynamic Friction and Separation Lines Location (2000)

This report results from a contract tasking Moscow Technical Company Institute of High Temperature RAS as follows: The contractor will analyze experimental plasma data already obtained on different aerodynamic shapes and produce an experiment at plate model. Three types of surface discharges will be tested in this work: HF multi-streamer discharge, micro hollow cathode discharge and glide surface discharge. The project objectives are 1) analysis of data from previous experiments; 2) preparation of experiment on a surface discharge plasma influence; 3) modification of test equipment: test runs in short operation wind tunnel; 4) report on analysis of experimental data. The technical parameters of the experiment are the following: Mach number- 0.1-0.4, 2.0; static pressure 50-240 Torr and 15 Torr; typical size of AD models 40-200 mm; kind of discharges, pulsed HF discharge; Micro hollow cathode; glide surface discharge. Operation mode of discharges pulse repetition and quasi-continuous. Repetition rate up to 10kHz. Mean input power of discharges 0.1-1kW. Operation time > 10 ms. The following parameters will be measured: gas temperature, Tg; surface temperature, Ts, ; static and stagnation pressure on a surface, Po, Pst, plasma energetic parameters; drag and lift forces. These parameters will be measured by means of the following diagnostic methods: electrical probes, Schlieren method, pressure transducers, optical spectrometer, tenso-balances, and high speed photo camera.
Acylation of Lysine 860 Allows Tight Binding and Cytotoxicity of<i>Bordetella</i>Adenylate Cyclase on CD11b-Expressing Cells (2005)

The Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT, or AC-Hly) forms cation-selective membrane channels and delivers into the cytosol of target cells an adenylate cyclase domain (AC) that catalyzes uncontrolled conversion of cellular ATP to cAMP. Both toxin activities were previously shown to depend on post-translational activation of proCyaA to CyaA by covalent palmitoylation of the internal Lys983 residue (K983). CyaA, however, harbors a second RTX acylation site at residue Lys860 (K860), and the role of K860 acylation in toxin activity is unclear. We produced in E. coli the CyaA-K860R and CyaA-K983R toxin variants having the Lys860 and Lys983 acylation sites individually ablated by arginine substitutions. When examined for capacity to form membrane channels and to penetrate sheep erythrocytes, the CyaA-K860R acylated on Lys983 was about 1 order of magnitude more active than CyaA-K983R acylated on Lys860, although, in comparison to intact CyaA, both monoacylated constructs exhibited markedly reduced activities in erythrocytes. Channels formed in lipid bilayers by CyaA-K983R were importantly less selective for cations than channels formed by CyaA-K860R, intact CyaA, or proCyaA, showing that, independent of its acylation status, the Lys983 residue may play a role in toxin structures that determine the distribution of charged residues at the entry or inside of the CyaA channel. While necessary for activity on erythrocytes, acylation of Lys983 was also sufficient for the full activity of CyaA on CD11b+ J774A.1 monocytes. In turn, acylation of Lys860 alone did not permit toxin activity on erythrocytes, while it fully supported the high-affinity binding of CyaA-K983R to the toxin receptor CD11b/CD18 and conferred on CyaA-K983R a reduced but substantial capacity to penetrate and kill the CD11b+ cells. This is the first evidence that acylation of Lys860 may play a role in the biological activity of CyaA, even if redundant to the acylation of Lys983.
Dwell Time Analysis of a Single-Molecule Mechanochemical Reaction (2007)

Force-clamp spectroscopy is a novel technique for studying mechanochemistry at the single-bond level. Single disulfide bond reduction events are accurately detected as stepwise increases in the length of polyproteins that contain disulfide bonds and that are stretched at a constant force with the cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM). The kinetics of this reaction has been measured from single-exponential fits to ensemble averages of the reduction events. However, exponential fits are notoriously ambiguous to use in cases of kinetic data showing multiple reaction pathways. Here we introduce a dwell time analysis technique, of widespread use in the single ion channel field, that we apply to the examination of the kinetics of reduction of disulfide bonds measured from single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy traces. In this technique, exponentially distributed dwell time data is plotted as a histogram with a logarithmic time scale and a square root ordinate. The advantage of logarithmic histograms is that exponentially distributed dwell times appear as well-defined peaks in the distribution, greatly enhancing our ability to detect multiple kinetic pathways. We apply this technique to examine the distribution of dwell times of 4488 single disulfide bond reduction events measured in the presence of two very different kinds of reducing agents: tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) and the enzyme thioredoxin (TRX). A different clamping force is used for each reducing agent to obtain distributions of dwell times on a similar time scale. In the case of TCEP, the logarithmic histogram of dwell times showed a single peak, corresponding to a single reaction mechanism. By contrast, similar experiments done with TRX showed two well-separated peaks, marking two distinct modes of chemical reduction operating simultaneously. These experiments demonstrate that dwell time analysis techniques are a powerful approach to studying chemical reactions at the single-molecule level.
Recognition of constitution/configuration and workability judgment for the modular manipulator system, TOMMS (2002)

A design concept of TOMMS (Toshiba Modular Manipulator System) has been already proposed to achieve a modular manipulator system which can be assembled into any desired constitution and configuration to provide adaptability to tasks, using as few kinds and types of modules as possible, without special handling such as modification of control software. To realize the concept, we developed a constitution and configuration recognition method of the assembled manipulator using electric resistance which is simple, practical and reliable. Moreover, we developed a workability judgment method considering the degeneracy of degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the manipulator and the conditions of the desired task. These methods were applied to the trial system TOMMS-1 and their efficiency and practicality were confirmed.
Transferrin-mediated targeting of hypericin embedded in sterically stabilized PEG-liposomes (2002)

Over the last few decades, photodynamic therapy evolved to a promising new treating modality for cancer. The photosensitizers used, induce light sensitivity to a normal light insensitive chemical or physical process. Third generation photosensitizers are derivatives of second generation photosensitizers introduced into or attached to chemical devices. This modification increases the biological specificity to deliver photosensitizers to a defined cell type. The aim of this study was to improve the specificity of hypericin for tumor cells using transferrin-conjugated PEG-liposomes. Transferrin was used as tumor-seeking molecule, since many tumor cells, among which HeLa cells, overexpress transferrin receptors on their surface. Hypericin, a potent second generation photosensitizer, was integrated in the lipid bilayers of the liposomes. The antiproliferative effect of the targeted PEG-liposomes was determined and compared with the results of non-targeted PEG-liposomes and free hypericin. Additionally, the intracellular accumulation assay was performed. All manipulations were done on HeLa cells. To interpret the results, the data were supplemented by findings concerning embedding stability. Targeting hypericin by transferrin-conjugated PEG-liposomes did not significantly favour the photocytotoxicity and the intracellular accumulation of hypericin, in comparison with non-targeted PEG-liposomes or free hypericin. Embedding stability experiments showed only limited stable embedding. Despite of their proven efficiency as a targeting carrier system, transferrin-conjugated PEG-liposomes seem less effective in targeting hypericin to tumor cells due to the amount of hypericin leaking out of the PEG-liposomes.
Enhanced Nitrosative and Oxidative Stress with Decreased Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Oral Precancer and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2011)

An increase in the levels of TNO, NO-mediated lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increase in MDA levels, the positive TNO-MDA correlation with a deranged antioxidant defense system as demonstrated by significantly low levels of TAC; when all these facts are taken together, we can conjecture that oxidative DNA damage, a vital phenomenon for carcinogenesis, occurs due to the interplay of ROS, RNS and TAC.
Service-oriented control architecture for reconfigurable production systems (2008)

Evolvable and collaborative production systems are becoming an emergent paradigm towards flexibility and automatic re-configurability. The reconfiguration of those systems requires the existence of distributed and modular control components that interact in order to accomplish control activities. This paper focuses on service-oriented production systems, which behavior is regulated by the coordination of services that are provided and required by control components with different roles. Internally, these components are independent of the implementations, but an internal modular and event based structure is presented. Individual control and interaction is achieved by using embedded or inter-service control processes for which High-Level Petri Nets are proposed. Supporting the predefined control, decision support systems are used to provide conflict resolution and other decision-making functions.
Cache management for real time visualization of 2D data sets (2002)

We present a general cache management algorithm with data pre-loading that optimizes access to data in real-time applications. We show that our algorithm provides the optimum results when the visualization sequence is known. We also present an oracle that estimates the visualization sequence for 2D data sets, and show the results of the algorithm in a virtual panorama viewer.
Characterization of UGTs Active against SAHA and Association between SAHA Glucuronidation Activity Phenotype with UGT Genotype (2009)

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and in clinical trials for treatment of multiple other cancers. A major mode of SAHA metabolism is by glucuronidation via the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes. To characterize the UGTs active against SAHA, homogenates from HEK293 cell lines overexpressing UGT wild-type or variant UGT were used. The hepatic UGTs 2B17 and 1A9 and the extrahepatic UGTs 1A8 and 1A10 exhibited the highest overall activity against SAHA as determined by V(max)/K(M) (16+/-6.5, 7.1+/-2.2, 33+/-6.3, and 24+/-2.4 nL x min(-1) x microg UGT protein(-1), respectively), with UGT2B17 exhibiting the lowest K(M) (300 micromol/L) against SAHA of any UGT in vitro. Whereas the UGT1A8p.Ala173Gly variant exhibited a 3-fold (P<0.005) decrease in glucuronidation activity against SAHA compared with wild-type UGT1A8, the UGT1A8p.Cys277Tyr variant exhibited no detectable glucuronidation activity; a similar lack of detectable glucuronidation activity was observed for the UGT1A10p.Gly139Lys variant. To analyze the effects of the UGT2B17 gene deletion variant (UGT2B17*2) on SAHA glucuronidation phenotype, human liver microsomes (HLM) were analyzed for glucuronidation activity against SAHA and compared with UGT2B17 genotype. HLM from subjects homozygous for UGT2B17*2 exhibited a 45% (P<0.01) decrease in glucuronidation activity and a 75% (P<0.002) increase in K(M) compared with HLMs from subjects homozygous for the wild-type UGT2B17*1 allele. Overall, these results suggest that several UGTs play an important role in the metabolism of SAHA and that UGT2B17-null individuals could potentially exhibit altered SAHA clearance rates with differences in overall response.
Second version of 3D display system by fan-like array of projection optics (2003)

We have been developing a Super Multi-View 3-D display system that enables natural 3-D vision using super multi-perspective images with fine perspective-pitch, which is narrower than the half of pupil diameter of viewer's eyes. We call the display system Fan-like Array of Projection Optics (in short FAPO system). The length of the first version of FAPO system was too long. So, down sizing of FAPO system was tried by using small LCD panels. Consequently, the length of FAPO system became about half compared with the first version. For widening the horizontal viewing zone, we have introduced an eye-position tracking system. The eye-position of the observer is precisely measured in real time by processing face image of the observer illuminated by infrared light. And, in the eye-position tracking system of the display system, the position of viewing zone is changed by rotating the concave mirror used in the display system. At the same time, the 3-D images to be displayed are also changed according to the position, using the measured eye-position data. The eye-position tracking allows observer to watch naturally 3-D images.
Regulation of Hexose Transport in <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (1974)

Of nine species of unicellular algae tested, Chlorella vulgaris showed the highest inducibility for an active hexose transport system. Whereas the rate of uptake in all other species was increased by induction less than 5-fold, it was increased more than 400-fold in one strain of C. vulgaris. With glucose as inducer, the minimum time necessary to synthesize inducible proteins of the transport system was 15 minutes. The Km for induction with glucose is 5 mum and with 6-deoxyglucose 1 mm. The inducing sugars have to penetrate the cells to be effective.Evidence indicating that regulation of induction occurs at the transcriptional level was obtained. The induction was inhibited by 6-methylpurine. When cells were exposed to induce in the presence of actidione no increase in transport activity could be measured. After removal of actidione as well as the inducer, an increased uptake activity was observed after 30 to 60 minutes. The induced uptake system showed a turnover with a half-life of 4 to 6 hours at 26 C under nongrowing conditions; at 0 C turnover was negligible. Turnover was partly inhibited by anaerobic condition and by actidione; it was accelerated under growing conditions.
Structure and thickness-dependent lattice parameters of ultrathin epitaxial Pr2O3 films on Si(001) (2004)

Pr 2 O 3 grown heteroepitaxially on Si(001) is a promising candidate for applications as a high-k dielectric in future silicon-based microelectronics devices. The technologically important thickness range from 1to10nm has been investigated by synchrotron radiation-grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The oxide film grows as cubic Pr2O3 phase with its (101) plane on the Si(001) substrate in form of two orthogonal rotation domains. Monitoring the evolution of the oxide unit-cell lattice parameters as a function of film thickness from 1to10nm, the transition from almost perfect pseudomorphism to bulk values is detected.