gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Subfractionation of Gram-Negative Bacteria for Proteomics Studies (2010)

Proteomics studies of pathogenic bacteria are an important basis for biomarker discovery and for the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines. Especially where vaccines are concerned, it is of great interest to explore which bacterial factors are exposed on the bacterial cell surface and thus can be directly accessed by the immune system. One crucial step in proteomics studies of bacteria is an efficient subfractionation of their cellular compartments. We set out to compare and improve different protocols for the fractionation of proteins from Gram-negative bacteria into outer membrane, cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic, and cytosolic fractions, with a focus on the outer membrane. Overall, five methods were compared, three methods for the fast isolation of outer membrane proteins and two methods for the fractionation of each cellular compartment, using Escherichia coli BL21 as a model organism. Proteins from the different fractions were prepared for further mass spectrometric analysis by SDS gel electrophoresis and consecutive in-gel tryptic digestion. Most published subfractionation protocols were not explicitly developed for proteomics applications. Thus, we evaluated not only the separation quality of the five methods but also the suitability of the samples for mass spectrometric analysis. We could obtain high quality mass spectrometry data from one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, which greatly reduces experimental time and sample amount compared to two-dimensional electrophoresis methods. We then applied the most specific fractionation technique to different Gram-negative pathogens, showing that it is efficient in separating the subcellular proteomes independent of the species and that it is capable of producing high-quality proteomics data in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Efficient solutions to the replicated log and dictionary problems (1984)

We propose efficient algorithms to maintain a replicated dictionary using a log in an unreliable network. A non-serializable approach is used to achieve high concurrency. The solutions are resilient to both node and communication failures. Optimizations are developed for networks which are not completely connected.
Detection of chromosomal imbalances in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by comparative genomic hybridization. (1995)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was applied for a comprehensive screening of chromosomal aberrations in 14 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder of different grade and stage. The results were compared in a number of selected cases with those obtained by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization. Distinct amplifications, found with CGH, were located on 3p22-24, 10p13-14, 12q13-15, 17q22-23, 18p11, and 22q11-13. These high copy number amplifications and the frequency of imbalances involving chromosome 5, occurring in 4 of 14 cases, have not yet been identified in transitional cell carcinomas. Apart from these new aberrations, imbalances were detected in 3 or more cases for chromosomes 9 and 11, as already described previously in the literature. In four tumors, the copy number of specific chromosomal regions was also analyzed by interphase cytogenetics. Although in most instances the CGH data were confirmed, in one tumor, distinct differences were observed, possibly a result of heterogeneity of the tumor cell population. Furthermore, the CGH data were compared with loss of heterozygosity as revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in the same tumors. In 80% of informative cases, no loss was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism or by CGH. Of the 15 cases of loss of heterozygosity, 7 showed a loss also with CGH, whereas in 8 cases no loss was observed. In summary, CGH is a fast method to obtain a comprehensive picture of chromosomal imbalances in transitional cell carcinomas, including a number of previously unknown genomic alterations such as high level amplifications.
The ubiquitous potential Z-forming sequence of eucaryotes, (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n, is not detectable in the genomes of eubacteria, archaebacteria, or mitochondria. (1986)

The potential Z-forming sequence (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n is an abundant, interspersed repeat element that is ubiquitous in eucaryotic nuclear genomes. We report that in contrast to eucaryotic nuclear DNA, the genomes of eubacteria, archaebacteria, and mitochondria lack this sequence, since even a single tract of greater than or equal to 14 base pairs in length is not detectable through either hybridization or sequence analysis. Interestingly, the phylogenetic distribution of the (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n repeat exhibits a striking parallel to that of (dT-dC)n . (dG-dA)n, but not to other homocopolymeric sequences such as (dC-dG)n . (dC-dG)n or (dT-dA)n . (dT-dA)n.
Autoradiographic localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the rat central nervous system (1985)

We employed quantitative autoradiography to examine the distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptors in the rat CNS. The binding of [3H]3-methyl-histidine-TRH [( 3H]MeTRH) to TRH receptors in frozen rat brain sections was saturable, of a high affinity (Kd = 5 nM), and specific for TRH analogs. Autoradiograms of [3H]MeTRH binding showed highest concentrations of TRH receptors in the rhinencephalon, including accessory olfactory bulb, nuclei of the amygdala, and the ventral dentate gyrus and subiculum of the hippocampus. Moderate TRH receptor concentrations were found within the thalamus and hypothalamus, in most regions of the rhombencephalon, such as the cranial nerve nuclei, and in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. Neocortex and basal ganglia contained low densities of TRH receptors. This distribution correlates well with the sensitivity of brain regions to the known effects of TRH, and suggests that TRH receptors may mediate the actions of TRH in the rat CNS.
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging and Presence (2011)

This document defines extensions to core features of the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) that provide basic instant messaging (IM) and presence functionality in conformance with the requirements in RFC 2779.This document obsoletes RFC 3921.
Säureamid‐Reaktionen, XLVII: Umsetzungen von N‐Monoalkyl‐form‐ und ‐acetamiden mit Dimethylsulfat — Synthesen von N‐Monoalkyl‐imidsäureestern und symmetrischen N.N′‐Dialkyl‐formamidinen (1965)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Dimethylsulfat mit N‐Monoalkyl‐formamiden entstehen N‐Monoalkyl‐formimidiumsäure‐methylester‐methylsulfate und N.N′‐Dialkyl‐formamidinium‐methylsulfate, mit N‐Monoalkyl‐acetamiden nur N‐Monoalkyl‐acetimidiumsäure‐methylester‐methylsulfate. — Aus den N‐Monoalkyl‐imidiumsäure‐methylester‐methylsulfaten lassen sich mit Triäthylamin die Imidsäure‐methylester freisetzen und aus den symmetrischen N.N′‐Dialkyl‐formamidinium‐methylsulfaten mit Kaliumcarbonat und konz. Kalilauge die symmetrischen N.N′‐Dialkyl‐formamidine.
Purification and Characterization of a Bovine Colostrum-Derived Growth Factor (1987)

A growth factor in bovine colostrum was purified to homogeneity by a combination of acid extraction, boiling, cation exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and reverse phase HPLC. The bovine colostrum growth factor (BCGF) had an isoelectric point of about 10, a native mol wt of about 30,000, was resistant to inactivation by boiling and exposure to pH 1, but was inactivated by dithiothreitol. BCGF appeared to be structurally related to human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and competed with human PDGF in a radioreceptor assay. However, while human PDGF appeared to be a heterodimer of 17,000 and 14,000 mol wt subunits, BCGF appeared to be a homodimer of 20,000 mol wt subunits. Purified BCGF had a specific activity in stimulating 3T3 cell proliferation of about 3-6 U/ng and was active at about 1-2 ng/ml.
Design aspects for upgrading firmware of a resource constrained device in the field (2016)

Upgrading firmware of a resource constrained embedded device installed in the field is the necessity of the present day embedded systems. Taking device to the manufacturer or manufacturer reaching to the field becomes difficult once the embedded device is installed. The feature of infield firmware upgrade in the embedded device makes the task of upgrading firmware easy. Although, the process of upgrading gives rise to certain issues related to safety and security. In spite of lot of research to address these problems, safety and security of upgrade process remains challenging. This paper discusses the architectural design aspects to develop an in-field firmware upgrade system for embedded device based on ARM platform using Ethernet medium. Our implementation approach for ARM based device provides solutions to most of the safety issues occurring during in-field firmware update. The security is achieved using lightweight encryption algorithms PRESENT and CLEFIA. The performance comparison for the two algorithms is presented. Our architecture provides feature of normal working of device when firmware update is done whereas many such systems halt their normal functionality. The previous firmware image is also retained and can be switched back called as Rollback firmware in our approach.
N-Hydroxyalkyl Amides of Lactic Acid (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Hydroxyalkyl Amides of Lactic AcidWilliam P. RatchfordCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 8, 1565–1567Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50488a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50488a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fuel-cells, steam-electrolysis for hydrogen production and hydrogen separation using high temperature protonic conductors (1992)

Although there are many protonic conductors which are stable at low temperatures (< 200 °C), they are not suitable for high electrolytic current applications because of their large electrode polarization. Therefore, their usage is probably limited to sensors in which only a voltage signal is valuable.
8 W single‐emitter InGaN laser in pulsed operation (2009)

Abstract We present the investigation of an optimized epitaxial layer structure in order to reach high optical output powers of several watts. The influence of an interlayer, which is located between the multiple quantum well layers and the electron blocking layer, is analysed carefully. For high current densities the leakage current density increases with increasing interlayer thickness. Correlating the leakage current density with the injection efficiency it is found that by decreasing the interlayer thickness constant injection efficiency for high current regions can be reached. This is essential for a linear laser characteristic up to high optical output power levels. Further enhancement can be achieved by enlarging the total waveguiding layer structure. As a result the optical power density in the resonator was decreased. With these improvements threshold current density and slope efficiency of 2.7 kA/cm 2 and 2.1 W/A can be achieved. The optical output power is increased to 8.7 W for a 20 μm broad single‐emitter ridge‐waveguide laser in pulsed operation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Target-controlled infusion (Propofol) versus inhaled anaesthetic (Sevoflurane) in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery (2013)

TCI propofol appears to be superior to and more convenient than sevoflurane anaesthesia in inter-scalene blocked patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy.
Adaptive Case Management: Overview and Research Challenges (2013)

Case management refers to the coordination of work that is not routine and predictable, and requires human judgment. Case management has applications in many domains such as healthcare, legal, police detective, social work, etc. The common aspect of such domains is that the work procedure cannot be prescribed into machine programs, instead the work is highly variable and must be figured out by knowledge workers each time. They might start with high-level guidelines and frameworks, but the sensitive dependence upon the details of the case mean that the work patterns emerge from the case as more information becomes available. Knowledge workers must make decisions on the course of action as the case proceeds. Traditionally case management has been supported by custom-built applications for each domain. There are approaches that attempt to standardize work practices without appreciating the full range of required responses. There is a push in industry from different vendors in areas such as enterprise content management, customer relationship management and business process management also to position their products as case management applications. In this article, we will review trends in industry and selected work in academia in the case management space, to identify challenges that the industry and the research community are facing in supporting knowledge workers in an adaptive and flexible manner, where systems need to support the work while should keep the knowledge workers in control.
Comparison of auction-based methods for task allocation problem in multi-robot systems (2013)

This study mainly focuses on comparison of multi-robot task allocation problem and evaluation of corresponding solutions. Auction has been used in the problem widely. Various kinds of auction have been proposed previously. In this paper, we compare three auction-based algorithms applied in the task allocation problem from different aspects. In addition, an incremental variant is adopted in the parallel auction to improve its performance. We also compare the improved auction with the general parallel auction. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved parallel auction achieves better performance on the overall cost and completion time than the general parallel auction. Moreover, we summarize the suitable conditions for the algorithms we mentioned in the paper based on the simulation results.
Long period of balloon inflation and the implantation of stents potentiate smooth muscle cell death. Possible role of chronic vascular injury in restenosis (1999)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the severity of acute vascular injury immediately after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or stent implantation correlates with the extent of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. However, the influence of prolonged or chronic vessel injury on the pathogenesis of restenosis is unclear. METHODS: Rabbit iliac arteries were balloon dilated for a short (1 min) or prolonged (10 min) period of time, or were chronically dilated and received a Palmaz-Schatz stent (balloon inflation for 1 min). All arteries were overexpanded to a balloon:artery ratio of 1.2:1 as determined by angiography. The arteries were removed 30 min and 4 weeks after the angioplasty procedures. The sites of injury were evaluated by gross histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell death of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was specified by TEM images 30 min after the procedures. Computer-assisted quantification of the neointimal cross-sectional areas was performed after 4 weeks using a light microscope connected to a digital image analyser. RESULTS: The results show that prolonged balloon dilatation and stent implantation increased necrotic SMC death compared with balloon dilatation for 1 min. After 30 min, increased staining of SMC nuclei, enlarged intercellular spaces and changes in SMC shape in the media indicated cell death induced by prolonged balloon dilatation or chronic stent injury. Stent implantation markedly augmented vessel damage by persistent compression of the media, compared with a balloon dilatation for 1 or 10 min. Both prolonged balloon dilatation and stent implantation increased neointimal hyperplasia at 4 weeks compared with balloon dilatation for 1 min (0.6 3 0.2 and 1.0 3 0.2 mm(2) versus 0.2 3 0.1 mm(2), P < 0.001 versus dilatation for 1 min). CONCLUSION: Prolonged or chronic vascular expansion due to long balloon-inflation periods or the implantation of stents increases medial SMC death, which subsequently stimulates neointimal growth in this restenosis model. Chronic vascular injury may be an important stimulus for restenosis after angioplasty procedures.
Query translation for cloud databases (2011)

Due to features like on demand services, scalability and usage based pricing, today cloud computing has attracted many customers to move their applications to cloud. But cloud service providers are using different standards and frameworks which customer has to follow. There may be a case where customer wants to migrate data and application to another cloud service provider. In that case, code of application and structure of database must be modified according to the standard provided by new service provider which is very costly. This issue is regarded as cloud vendor lock-in. Work has already been done for providing techniques which can facilitate migration of data. But that technique is not providing support for transformation of query from one cloud to other. By taking Google App engine as one cloud service provider, algorithm can be developed to transform query supported by relational databases, SQL, to query supported by Google app engine datastore, Google Query Language (GQL). After that same algorithm can be generalized for any cloud datastore.
Once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg restores insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose infusion (2016)

In subjects with T2DM, a single dulaglutide 1.5-mg dose restored the first-phase insulin secretion in response to an i.v. glucose bolus, increased the second-phase insulin response and enhanced β-cell function.
HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 subfractions, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. A prospective population study in eastern Finnish men. (1991)

BACKGROUND We investigated the association of cholesterol concentrations in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 with the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 1,799 randomly selected men 42, 48, 54, or 60 years old. METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline examinations in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were done during 1984-1987. In Cox multivariate survival models adjusted for age and examination year, serum HDL cholesterol of less than 1.09 mmol/l (42 mg/dl) was associated with a 3.3-fold risk of acute myocardial infarction (95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.7-6.4), serum HDL2, cholesterol of less than 0.65 mmol/l (25 mg/dl) was associated with a 4.0-fold risk of acute myocardial infarction (95% CI, 1.9-8.3), and serum HDL3 cholesterol of less than 0.40 mmol/l (15 mg/dl) was associated with a 2.0-fold (95% CI, 1.1-4.0) risk of acute myocardial infarction. Adjustments for obesity, ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular disease, maximal oxygen uptake, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations reduced the excess risks associated with serum HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol in the lowest quartiles by 52%, 48%, and 41%, respectively. Additional adjustments for alcohol consumption, cigarettes smoked daily, smoking years, and leisure time energy expenditure reduced these excess risks associated with low HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol levels by another 26%, 24% and 21%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that both total HDL and HDL2 levels have inverse associations with the risk of acute myocardial infarction and may thus be protective factors in ischemic heart disease, whereas the role of HDL3 remains equivocal.
Self-Learning Disk Scheduling (2008)

Performance of disk I/O schedulers is affected by many factors, such as workloads, file systems, and disk systems. Disk scheduling performance can be improved by tuning scheduler parameters, such as the length of read timers. Scheduler performance tuning is mostly done manually. To automate this process, we propose four self-learning disk scheduling schemes: change-sensing Round-Robin, feedback learning, per-request learning, and two-layer learning. experiments show that the novel two-layer learning scheme performs best. It integrates the workload-level and request-level learning algorithms. It employs feedback learning techniques to analyze workloads, change scheduling policy, and tune scheduling parameters automatically. We discuss schemes to choose features for workload learning, divide and recognize workloads, generate training data, and integrate machine learning algorithms into the two-layer learning scheme. We conducted experiments to compare the accuracy, performance, and overhead of five machine learning algorithms: decision tree, logistic regression, naive Bayes, neural network, and support vector machine algorithms. Experiments with real-world and synthetic workloads show that self-learning disk scheduling can adapt to a wide variety of workloads, file systems, disk systems, and user preferences. It outperforms existing disk schedulers by as much as 15.8% while consuming less than 3%-5% of CPU time.
Fast Plasmonic Laser Nanowelding for a Cu‐Nanowire Percolation Network for Flexible Transparent Conductors and Stretchable Electronics (2014)

A facile fast laser nanoscale welding process uses the plasmonic effect at a nanowire (NW) junction to suppress oxidation and successfully fabricate a Cu-NW-based percolation-network conductor. The "nanowelding" process does not require an inert or vacuum environment. Due to the low-temperature and fast-process nature, plasmonic laser nanowelding may form Cu-nanowire networks on heat-sensitive, flexible or even stretchable substrates.
Effect of Synthetic Peptides Belonging to E2 Envelope Protein of GB Virus C on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2010)

The use of synthetic peptides as HIV-1 inhibitors has been subject to research over recent years. Although the initial therapeutic attempts focused on HIV-coded enzymes, structural HIV proteins and, more specifically, the mechanisms that the virus uses to infect and replicate are now also considered therapeutic targets. The interest for viral fusion and entry inhibitors is growing significantly, given that they are applicable in combined therapies or when resistance to other antiretroviral drugs is seen and that they act before the virus enters the cell. The 124 synthetic sequences of the GBV-C E2 envelope protein have been obtained by SPPS. The interaction of certain GBV-C peptide sequences with the HIV-1 fusion peptide has been proven through the use of biophysical techniques. We also show how GBV-C E2 domains notably decrease cellular membrane fusion and interfere with the HIV-1 infectivity in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting their potential utility in future anti-HIV-1 therapies.