gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Hydrodynamic Interactions during AFM Imaging of Biological Membranes (2003)

The physical processes taking place during AFM imaging of soft biological membranes are investigated. A particular emphasis is placed on understanding of hydrodynamics effects in the fluid inside and outside of the cell associated with elastic deformation of the membrane in response to AFM tapping action for the entire probing cycle. For the first time, it is theoretically shown that “hysteresis” in the membrane deformation versus tip-sample separation curve is due to strong coupling of fluid motion and kinematics of the membrane bending for the noncontact mode of measurements in liquid environment. The effects of the AFM tip opening angle and the membrane elasticity constants such as bending rigidity and spontaneous curvature are investigated in detail to establish the structure of the flow field and dynamics of the membrane evolution, leading to theoretical interpretation of AFM imaging experiments.
Soft core processors and embedded processing: a survey and analysis (2005)

technologies provide designers the opportunity to diminish the life-cycle into processor creation. New emerging capabilities in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), including improvements in power consumption, time delays, and cost per unit device, are enabling-us to incorporate these devices in several designs as reconfigurable embedded processors. New Electronic-Design-Automation (EDA) tools, allow us to construct rapid prototypes of Systems-on-a-Chip in a very mature way. The design is realized into hardwaresoftware co-design environments, and the use of soft-cores like processor and peripherals reduces drastically the development cycle. Nowadays, the prototyping is done in hardware platforms with several FPGAs, which contains integrated circuits for external connectivity. In this paper, the authors describe the current available reconfigurable technology, focusing on FPGAs, soft-cores and it’s applicability in the new embedded systems. We evidence in this survey the current potentiality of these technologies, presenting their main qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
Reduced platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity in Alzheimer's disease (1994)

We evaluated a simplified method for preparation and analysis of platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control patients. Mean cytochrome c oxidase activity in controls (n = 17) was 0.233 sec-1/mg whereas mean cytochrome c oxidase activity in Alzheimer patients (n = 19) was 0.193 sec-1/mg, p = 0.033. Complex III (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase), complex II (succinic dehydrogenase), and citrate synthase were all assayed as internal controls and were not significantly different in controls and Alzheimer patients. There is a relatively specific loss of platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity in Alzheimer disease patients.
Effects of fiber, matrix, and interphase on carbon fiber composite compression strength (1994)

The major goal of this project was to obtain basic information on compression failure properties of carbon fiber composites. To do this, we investigated fiber effects, matrix effects, and fiber/matrix interface effects. Using each of nine fiber types, we prepared embedded single-fiber specimens, single-ply specimens, and full laminates. From the single-fiber specimens, in addition to the standard fragmentation test analysis, we were able to use the low crack density data to provide information about the distribution of fiber flaws. The single-ply specimens provided evidence of a correlation between the size of kink band zones and the quality of the interface. Results of the laminate compression experiments mostly agreed with the results from single-ply experiments, although the ultimate compression strengths of laminates were higher. Generally, these experiments showed a strong effect of interfacial properties. Matrix effects were examined using laminates subjected to precracking under mixed-mode loading conditions. A large effect of precracking conditions on the mode 1 toughness of the laminates was found. In order to control the properties of the fiber/matrix interface, we prepared composites of carbon fiber and polycarbonate and subjected these to annealing. The changes in interfacial properties directly correlated with changes in compression strength.
<title>Pulsed thermographic inspection of spot welds</title> (1998)

In automotive manufacturing, the lack of nondestructive methods for assessment of spot weld integrity has been a critical shortcoming, with enormous economic consequences for both domestic and foreign auto makers. At present, auto body welds are subjectively evaluated using destructive pull tests, or visual examination after the weld has been mechanically separated using an impact tool. Pulsed thermographic evaluation of spot welds offers a fast, noncontact method for quantitative assessment of the weld nugget. The technique can be applied using either one or both faces of the weld. Results on steel resistance welds will be presented, along with correlation to weld process parameters.
Hartstoffbeschichtete Werkzeuge - Verschleißverhalten, Anwendung und Herstellung (1984)

Article Hartstoffbeschichtete Werkzeuge - Verschleißverhalten, Anwendung und Herstellung was published on November 1, 1984 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 75, issue 11).
Oxidatively Responsive Chain Extension to Entangle Engineered Protein Hydrogels (2014)

Engineering artificial protein hydrogels for medical applications requires precise control over their mechanical properties, including stiffness, toughness, extensibility and stability in the physiological environment. Here we demonstrate topological entanglement as an effective strategy to robustly increase the mechanical tunability of a transient hydrogel network based on coiled-coil interactions. Chain extension and entanglement are achieved by coupling the cysteine residues near the N- and C- termini, and the resulting chain distribution is found to agree with the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory. By exploiting the reversible nature of the disulfide bonds, the entanglement effect can be switched on and off by redox stimuli. With the presence of entanglements, hydrogels exhibit a 7.2-fold enhanced creep resistance and a suppressed erosion rate by a factor of 5.8, making the gels more mechanically stable in a physiologically relevant open system. While hardly affecting material stiffness (only resulting in a 1.5-fold increase in the plateau modulus), the entanglements remarkably lead to hydrogels with a toughness of 65,000 J m<sup>-3</sup> and extensibility to approximately 3,000% engineering strain, which enables the preparation of tough yet soft tissue simulants. This improvement in mechanical properties resembles that from double-network hydrogels, but is achieved with the use of a single associating network and topological entanglement. Therefore, redox-triggered chain entanglement offers an effective approach for constructing mechanically enhanced and responsive injectable hydrogels.
Relationship between mobility and high-k interface properties in advanced Si and SiGe nanowires (2009)

For the first time, interface properties between high-k and Si or SiGe nanowires (NWs) have been experimentally investigated by adapting charge pumping technique and low-frequency noise measurement. It is found that the interface state density (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ) of circular Si NWs is ~3 times higher than that of rectangular ones with a deleterious impact on the low field mobility. The oxide trap density in SiGe NWs is otherwise ~3.5 times higher than that of Si NWs which limits the mobility enhancement for this material.
Generalized quotient image (2004)

We present a unified framework for modeling intrinsic properties of face images for recognition. It is based on the quotient image (QI) concept, in particular on the existing works of QI, spherical harmonic, image ratio and retinex. Under this framework, we generalize these previous works into two new algorithms: (1) non-point light quotient image (NPL-QI) extends QI to deal with non-point light sources by modeling non-point light directions using spherical harmonic bases; (2) self-quotient image (S-QI) extends QI to perform illumination subtraction without the need for alignment and no shadow assumption. Experimental results show that our algorithms can significantly improve the performance of face recognition under varying illumination conditions.
Neutron Radiography of Fast Transient Processes (1976)

Neutron radiography of dynamic processes is investigated. It is found that resonance-converter neutron imaging represents a promising technique for high-speed radiography. Theoretical results, obtained using edge-spread function analysis, were found to be in very good agreement with experimental observations. It is concluded that mathematical modeling can be used effectively to predict the dominant image quality characteristics of neutron radiographs of very fast transient processes.
The current status of laser applications in dentistry (2003)

A range of lasers is now available for use in dentistry. This paper summarizes key current and emerging applications for lasers in clinical practice. A major diagnostic application of low power lasers is the detection of caries, using fluorescence elicited from hydroxyapatite or from bacterial by-products. Laser fluorescence is an effective method for detecting and quantifying incipient occlusal and cervical carious lesions, and with further refinement could be used in the same manner for proximal lesions. Photoactivated dye techniques have been developed which use low power lasers to elicit a photochemical reaction. Photoactivated dye techniques can be used to disinfect root canals, periodontal pockets, cavity preparations and sites of peri-implantitis. Using similar principles, more powerful lasers can be used for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignancies of the oral mucosa. Laser-driven photochemical reactions can also be used for tooth whitening. In combination with fluoride, laser irradiation can improve the resistance of tooth structure to demineralization, and this application is of particular benefit for susceptible sites in high caries risk patients. Laser technology for caries removal, cavity preparation and soft tissue surgery is at a high state of refinement, having had several decades of development up to the present time. Used in conjunction with or as a replacement for traditional methods, it is expected that specific laser technologies will become an essential component of contemporary dental practice over the next decade.
Central Control of Body Weight and Appetite (2008)

Although progress on effective medical therapies for obesity has been relatively slow in coming, advances in understanding the central regulation of food intake may ultimately be turned into useful treatment options.
Optimizing Binding Energies of Key Intermediates for CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol over Oxide-Supported Copper (2016)

Rational optimization of catalytic performance has been one of the major challenges in catalysis. Here we report a bottom-up study on the ability of TiO2 and ZrO2 to optimize the CO2 conversion to methanol on Cu, using combined density functional theory (DFT) calculations, kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) measurements, and steady-state flow reactor tests. The theoretical results from DFT and KMC agree with in situ DRIFTS measurements, showing that both TiO2 and ZrO2 help to promote methanol synthesis on Cu via carboxyl intermediates and the reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS) pathway; the formate intermediates, on the other hand, likely act as a spectator eventually. The origin of the superior promoting effect of ZrO2 is associated with the fine-tuning capability of reduced Zr(3+) at the interface, being able to bind the key reaction intermediates, e.g. *CO2, *CO, *HCO, and *H2CO, moderately to facilitate methanol formation. This study demonstrates the importance of synergy between theory and experiments to elucidate the complex reaction mechanisms of CO2 hydrogenation for the realization of a better catalyst by design.
Chemical and Kinetic Study on Stabilities of 3-Morpholinosydnonimine and Its N-Ethoxycarbonyl Derivative (1971)

Stabilities of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (II), hydrochloride (I) and N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-morpholinosydnonimine (VIII) were examined by photometry, potentiometry, thin-layer chromatography and spectroscopy. In alkaline solution VIII goes to ethanol, carbon dioxide and II, which successively decomposes to N-morpholino-N-nitrosoaminoacetic acid (V) and N-cyanomethylenaminomorpholine (VI) via N-morpholino-N-nitrosoaminoacetonitrile (III). In the processes of I=II=III, the initial equilibrium is very rapid and the consecutive cleavage is a spontaneous first order reaction at pH 3-7 or a base catalyzed reaction at pH 8-10. The initial process of is a base catalyzed. first order hydrolysis of N-ethoxycarbonyl group. Hydrolyses of I and VII in hydrochloric acid form morpholine, nitrogen, chloroacetic acid and ammonium chloride. Photolyses of I and VII in acid solution at γ<320mμt give glycolic acid beside the products mentioned above. Formation of I from III and hydrolysis of VI to N-aminomorpholine are acid catalyzed pseudo-first-order reactions. Decomposition of III to VI seems to be a radical reaction.
Analysis of Natural Allelic Variation of Arabidopsis Seed Germination and Seed Longevity Traits between the Accessions Landsberg <i>erecta</i> and Shakdara, Using a New Recombinant Inbred Line Population (2004)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was used to identify loci controlling various aspects of seed longevity during storage and germination. Similar locations for QTLs controlling different traits might be an indication for a common genetic control of such traits. For this analysis we used a new recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the accessions Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Shakdara (Sha). A set of 114 F9 recombinant inbred lines was genotyped with 65 polymerase chain reaction-based markers and the phenotypic marker erecta. The traits analyzed were dormancy, speed of germination, seed sugar content, seed germination after a controlled deterioration test, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment, and on abscisic acid. Furthermore, the effects of heat stress, salt (NaCl) stress, osmotic (mannitol) stress, and natural aging were analyzed. For all traits one or more QTLs were identified, with some QTLs for different traits colocating. The relevance of colocation for mechanisms underlying the various traits is discussed.
Language-independent aspect-oriented programming (2003)

The term aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has come to describe the set of programming mechanisms developed specifically to express crosscutting concerns.Since crosscutting concerns cannot be properly modularized within object-oriented programming, they are expressed as aspects and are composed, or woven, with traditionally encapsulated functionality referred to as components.Many AOP models exist, but their implementations are typically coupled with a single language.To allow weaving of existing components with aspects written in the language of choice, AOP requires a language-independent tool.This paper presents Weave.NET, a load-time weaver that allows aspects and components to be written in a variety of languages and freely intermixed.Weave.NET relies on XML to specify aspect bindings and standardized Common Language Infrastructure to avoid coupling aspects or components with a particular language.By demonstrating language-independence, Weave.NET provides a migration path to the AOP paradigm by preserving existing developer knowledge, tools, and software components.The tool's capabilities are demonstrated with logging aspects written in and applied to Visual Basic and C# components.
A machine learning approach to the automatic synthesis of mechanistic knowledge for engineering decision-making (1987)

Inductive learning is proposed as a tool for synthesizing domain knowledge from data generated by a model-based simulator. In order to use an inductive engine to generate decision rules, the pre-classification process becomes more complicated in the presence of multiple competing objectives. Instead of relying on a domain expert to perform this pre-classification task, a clustering algorithm is used to eliminate human biases involved in the selection of a classification function for pre-classification. It is shown that the use of a clustering algorithm for pre-classification not only further automates the process of knowledge by synthesizing, but also improves the quality of the rules generated by the inductive engine.
An event-based monitoring service for networks on chip (2005)

Networks on chip (NoCs) are a scalable interconnect solution for multiprocessor systems on chip. We propose a generic reconfigurable online event-based NoC monitoring service, based on hardware probes attached to NoC components, offering run-time observability of NoC behavior and supporting system-level debugging. We present a probe architecture, its programming model, traffic management strategies, and a cost analysis. We prove feasibility via a prototype implementation for the Æthereal NoC. Two MPEG NoC examples show that the monitoring service area, without advanced optimizations, is 17--24% of the NoC area. Two realistic monitoring examples show that monitoring traffic is several orders of magnitude lower than the 2GB/s/link raw bandwidth.
Structure-activity relationships of six anthraquinones from Xanthophytum attopvensis Pierre (2008)

Six known anthraquinones are isolated from Xanthophytum attopvensis Pierre and their in vitro cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines is tested by SRB assay.The results show that 1,3-dihydroxy-2-aldehyde anthraquinone(1) and 1-mehtoxy-2-aldehyde-3-hydroxy anthraquinone(2) which do not bear the glycon group have higher cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines.Compared with the other four compounds which bear the glycon group,including 1-methoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside anthraquinone(3),1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-O-b-D-xylosyl(1→6)-b-D-glucoside(4),1-methoxy-2-hydroxy methylanthraquinone-3-O-b-D-xylosyl(1→6)-b-D-glucoside(5),1,3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxy methylanthraquinone-3-O-b-D-xylosyl(1→6)-b-D-glucoside(6),compounds 1 and 2 have about 4.7~12.7 times higher IC50 values.It is possibly because the sterically bulky glycon group makes the compound have higher stereospecific blockade so that the compound could not interact easily with its target molecules of cells.The cytotoxicity between compounds 1 and 2 is similar when C-1 site is replaced by —OH or —OCH3 group,indicating these two substituent groups contribute similarly to the cytotoxicity of the two compounds.Human tumor cell line HL-60 is more sensitive to treatment and the IC50 values are 1.2~2.5 times lower than the other three cell lines.Among these six anthranquinones,compounds 1 and 2 are well worth further investigating.
Endothelial cells release cardioprotective exosomes that may contribute to ischaemic preconditioning (2018)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that carry proteins and miRNAs and can transmit signals between cells. We hypothesized that exosomes from endothelial cells can transmit protective signals to cardiomyocytes. Co-culture of primary adult rat cardiomyocytes with normoxic HUVEC cells separated by a cell-impermeable membrane reduced the percentage of cardiomyocyte death following simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (sIR) from 80 ± 11% to 51 ± 4% (P < 0.05; N = 5). When EVs were removed from the HUVEC-conditioned medium it was no longer protective. Exosomes were purified from HUVEC-conditioned medium using differential centrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Pre-incubation of cardiomyocytes with HUVEC exosomes reduced the percentage of cell death after sIR from 88 ± 4% to 55 ± 3% (P < 0.05; N = 3). This protection required ERK1/2 activity as it was prevented by inhibitors PD98059 and U0126. Ischaemic preconditioning caused about ~3-fold higher rate of exosome production from HUVEC and from isolated, perfused rat hearts. This increase resulted in significantly greater protection against sIR in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, exosomes released from endothelial cells can confer resistance to sIR injury in cardiomyocytes via the activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signalling pathway, and may contribute to IPC.
Polyphenolic profile characterization of <i>Agrimonia eupatoria</i> L. by HPLC with different detection devices (2005)

Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection was used to establish the polyphenolic profile of an ethyl acetate fraction from Agrimonia eupatoria L. aqueous-alcoholic extract. Additionally, an HPLC technique with post-column derivatization by p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was employed for the selective detection and quantification of flavan-3-ols. Important information was obtained by combining the data of these two HPLC techniques. Flavan-3-ols (catechin and procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, C1, C2 and epicatechin-epicatechin-catechin), quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-(6''-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, apigenin 6-C-glucoside and various phenolic acids were identified. Antioxidant activity of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. fraction containing these compounds was assessed through the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances methods. Significant activity was observed for this fraction, where compounds with recognized antiinflammatory properties such as procyanidins, kaempferol 3-O-(6''-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside and quercetin glycosides were identified for the first time. These results are predictive of the beneficial effects of this fraction, or some of its compounds, in human health, as possible anti-inflammatory drug.
Planar elliptically shaped dipole antenna for UWB Impulse Radio (2008)

The goal of this thesis was to develop design concepts of the UWB antenna with improved characteristics for impulse radio applications. To reach this goal a number of theoretical and experimental investigations were carried out. The major result of the thesis is a number of novel concepts for UWB antennas including: - The shielded elliptically-shaped dipole; - The active UWB antenna with an integrated pulse generator on chip; - The differential feeding of balanced UWB antennas via a shielded loop; - -Reduced size elliptically-shaped dipoles; - The study of the environmental impact on transmission of ultra-short pulses via a pair of UWB antennas. Each of these concepts include a number of results, which we overview below and discuss their novelty and importance.