gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Characterization and Purification of an Intracellular Vitamin D-binding Protein in Vitamin D-resistant New World Primate Cells (1997)

Most genera of New World primates exhibit resistance to vitamin D. These monkeys harbor high circulating concentrations of the prohormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the active vitamin D hormone 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Previous work from this laboratory indicated that resistance is associated with the overexpression of a 60-65-kDa intracellular protein that binds vitamin D metabolites competitively. In the current studies 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) was used as a competitive ligand to investigate the ability of a number of small lipid molecules to interact with this intracellular vitamin D-binding protein (IDBP) in post-nuclear extracts of a prototypical lymphoblast cell line from the common marmoset, a vitamin D-resistant New World primate. Only those vitamin D metabolites with a hydroxyl moiety in the C-25 position were bound by IDBP. Disruption of the C-25 hydroxyl obviated binding, whereas more proximal alterations in the vitamin D side chain did not. Modifications in the A-ring of 25-hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites, most specifically hydroxylation of C-1, diminished but did not abolish ligand binding. Of more than two dozen other small lipid molecules examined, only the C-19 17-hydroxysteroids, 17beta-estradiol and testosterone, and the C-21 steroid progesterone were found to be capable of binding specifically to IDBP. Using a combination of physical and serial chromatographic techniques, we enriched IDBP 25-OHD3 binding activity 17,588-fold in extracts of B95-8 cells. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this purified fraction demonstrated a predominant 65-kDa molecular species with a pI approximately 4.5. Seven different peptide fragments were isolated from the 65-kDa protein, each possessing sequence similarity to the hsp-70 family of proteins. Ligand binding analyses confirmed that human inducibly expressed hsp-70-bound 25-OHD3 with approximately similar affinity ( approximately 10(-7) M) as did purified IDBP. In summary, these results suggest a novel action for the hsp-70 family of proteins as intracellular vitamin D- and gonadal steroid hormone-binding molecules.
Role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and <i>TNFRSF1A</i> R92Q mutation in the pathogenesis of TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome and multiple sclerosis (2011)

It has long been known that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/TNFRSF1A signalling is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Different genetic and clinical findings over the last few years have generated renewed interest in this relationship. This paper provides an update on these recent findings. Genome-wide association studies have identified the R92Q mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene as a genetic risk factor for MS (odds ratio 1·6). This allele, which is also common in the general population and in other inflammatory conditions, therefore only implies a modest risk for MS and provides yet another piece of the puzzle that defines the multiple genetic risk factors for this disease. TNFRSF1A mutations have been associated with an autoinflammatory disease known as TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). Clinical observations have identified a group of MS patients carrying the R92Q mutation who have additional TRAPS symptoms. Hypothetically, the co-existence of MS and TRAPS or a co-morbidity relationship between the two could be mediated by this mutation. The TNFRSF1A R92Q mutation behaves as a genetic risk factor for MS and other inflammatory diseases, including TRAPS. Nevertheless, this mutation does not appear to be a severity marker of the disease, neither modifying the clinical progression of MS nor its therapeutic response. An alteration in TNF/TNFRS1A signalling may increase proinflammatory signals; the final clinical phenotype may possibly be determined by other genetic or environmental modifying factors that have not yet been identified.
FOXP3 Controls an miR-146/NF-κB Negative Feedback Loop That Inhibits Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

FOXP3 functions not only as the master regulator in regulatory T cells, but also as an X-linked tumor suppressor. The tumor-suppressive activity of FOXP3 has been observed in tumor initiation, but its role during tumor progression remains controversial. Moreover, the mechanism of FOXP3-mediated tumor-suppressive activity remains largely unknown. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, we identified a series of potential FOXP3-targeted miRNAs in MCF7 cells. Notably, FOXP3 significantly induced the expression of miR-146a/b. In vitro, FOXP3-induced miR-146a/b prevented tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Functional analyses in vitro and in vivo revealed that FOXP3-induced miR-146a/b negatively regulates NF-κB activation by inhibiting the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6. In ChIP assays, FOXP3 directly bound the promoter region of miR-146a but not of miR-146b, and FOXP3 interacted directly with NF-κB p65 to regulate an miR-146-NF-κB negative feedback regulation loop in normal breast epithelial and tumor cells, as demonstrated with luciferase reporter assays. Although FOXP3 significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo, FOXP3-induced miR-146a/b contributed only to the inhibition of breast tumor growth. These data suggest that miR-146a/b contributes to FOXP3-mediated tumor suppression during tumor growth by triggering apoptosis. The identification of a FOXP3-miR-146-NF-κB axis provides an underlying mechanism for disruption of miR-146 family member expression and constitutive NF-κB activation in breast cancer cells. Linking the tumor suppressor function of FOXP3 to NF-κB activation reveals a potential therapeutic approach for cancers with FOXP3 defects.
Country policies for poverty reduction - a review of poverty assessments (1993)

This paper reviews and summarizes the findings and recommendations of 30 poverty assessments. It analyzes the three principal parts of a poverty assessment - the poverty profile, the analysis of country policies and institutions, and the recommended strategy to reduce poverty. A review of assessments that were completed before June 1992 indicated that, if a poverty assessment exists for a given country, it is more likely that the country assistance strategy will have a significant poverty orientation. In nine countries for which a poverty assessment was done prior to or at the same time as the country assistance strategy was developed, poverty issues were discussed at some length in the assistance strategy. Those assessments that contained a detailed poverty profile and relevant policy analysis had the most impact on the country assistance strategy including a poverty-focused policy dialogue and a shift in the composition of lending toward more poverty-focused interventions.
Purification of Produced Water by Ceramic Membranes: Material Screening, Process Design and Economics (2009)

Abstract Produced water, generated from underlying formations during the recovery of hydrocarbons, constitutes the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas production. Currently, over 90% of produced water is reinjected into the formation, either in support of enhanced oil recovery or for disposal. In arid areas, reclamation of produced water for beneficial uses such as irrigation or tower cooling may be an attractive alternative if the produced water can be purified to an adequate quality, specifically through the removal of dissolved components including inorganic compounds (salts, heavy metals, and radiochemicals) and organic compounds (fatty acid, aliphatic, and aromatics). Membranes technologies show advantages in both energy efficiency and high water quality. Due to the presence of dissolved organics, reverse osmosis with organic membranes is highly limited. Research efforts focus on developing new materials that are less prone to fouling and are easy to regenerate. Novel ceramic membranes are relatively new classes of material that show promising application in produced water purification due to their extreme stability in harsh environments and optional choices for regeneration. This paper details the results of investigations of produced water purification by microporous ceramic membranes, including metal oxide membranes, clay membranes, and zeolite membranes. Techniques for membrane fabrication, process design, and economic aspects are also discussed.
Nematode.net update 2011: addition of data sets and tools featuring next-generation sequencing data (2011)

Nematode.net (http://nematode.net) has been a publicly available resource for studying nematodes for over a decade. In the past 3 years, we reorganized Nematode.net to provide more user-friendly navigation through the site, a necessity due to the explosion of data from next-generation sequencing platforms. Organism-centric portals containing dynamically generated data are available for over 56 different nematode species. Next-generation data has been added to the various data-mining portals hosted, including NemaBLAST and NemaBrowse. The NemaPath metabolic pathway viewer builds associations using KOs, rather than ECs to provide more accurate and fine-grained descriptions of proteins. Two new features for data analysis and comparative genomics have been added to the site. NemaSNP enables the user to perform population genetics studies in various nematode populations using next-generation sequencing data. HelmCoP (Helminth Control and Prevention) as an independent component of Nematode.net provides an integrated resource for storage, annotation and comparative genomics of helminth genomes to aid in learning more about nematode genomes, as well as drug, pesticide, vaccine and drug target discovery. With this update, Nematode.net will continue to realize its original goal to disseminate diverse bioinformatic data sets and provide analysis tools to the broad scientific community in a useful and user-friendly manner.
Effect of depressed inner cladding on the polarization characteristics of elliptical-core fibers (1984)

It is shown that by introduction of a depressed inner cladding in elliptical-core fibers, the birefringence can be increased and zero polarization-mode dispersion can be obtained within the single-mode regime. Further, as expected, the first-higher-mode cutoff is also increased.
The Permanence of Learning in World History (1934)

(1934). The Permanence of Learning in World History. The Social Studies: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 133-136.
Role for Glycine Betaine Transport in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Osmoadaptation and Biofilm Formation within Microbial Communities (2005)

Vibrio cholerae is a halophilic facultative human pathogen found in marine and estuarine environments. Accumulation of compatible solutes is important for growth of V. cholerae at NaCl concentrations greater than 250 mM. We have identified and characterized two compatible solute transporters, OpuD and PutP, that are involved in uptake of glycine betaine and proline by V. cholerae. V. cholerae does not, however, possess the bet genes, suggesting that it is unable to synthesize glycine betaine. In contrast, many Vibrio species are able to synthesize glycine betaine from choline. It has been shown that many bacteria not only synthesize but also secrete glycine betaine. We hypothesized that sharing of compatible solutes might be a mechanism for cooperativity in microbial communities. In fact, we have demonstrated that, in high-osmolarity medium, V. cholerae growth and biofilm development are enhanced by supplementation with either glycine betaine or spent media from other bacterial species. Thus, we propose that compatible solutes provided by other microorganisms may contribute to survival of V. cholerae in the marine environment through facilitation of osmoadaptation and biofilm development.
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> defense-related protein ELI3 is an aromatic alcohol:NADP <sup>+</sup>  oxidoreductase (1996)

We expressed a cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana defense-related protein ELI3-2 in Escherichia coli to determine its biochemical function. Based on a protein database search, this protein was recently predicted to be a mannitol dehydrogenase [Williamson, J. D., Stoop, J. M. H., Massel, M. O., Conkling, M. A. & Pharr, D. M. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7148-7152]. Studies on the substrate specificity now revealed that ELI3-2 is an aromatic alcohol: NADP+ oxidoreductase (benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase). The enzyme showed a strong preference for various aromatic aldehydes as opposed to the corresponding alcohols. Highest substrate affinities were observed for 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 3-methoxybenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, in this order, whereas mannitol dehydrogenase activity could not be detected. These and previous results support the notion that ELI3-2 has an important role in resistance-related aromatic acid-derived metabolism.
Structure-property Relationship of Some Novel Multi-component Polymeric Materials (1999)

This thesis is concerned with the study of microstructure—property relationship in\nselected multi—component polymeric materials using a variety of microscopic and fracture\ncharacterization techniques. An approach based on concepts and principles was adopted\nthroughout its presentation. A major objective in this thesis was to understand the effect\nof reactive functionality on microstructures, fracture toughness and toughening\nmechanisms in nylon 6,6/polypropylene (PP) blends, which were compatibilized by\nstyrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymers (SEBS). It was emphasized that\nmorphological control arising from the change in the degree of reactive functionality in\nSEBS was most effective in providing the essential toughening and compatibility in 75/25\nnylon 6,6/PP blends. Toughness characterization was accomplished using rigorous\nfracture mechanics concepts. Novel concept of the specific essential fracture work was\ntested in the short glass fiber—reinforced blends. In situ fibers in the form of liquid\ncrystalline polymer (LCP) fibrils were also attempted on polymer blends. The effect of\nLCP inclusions on mechanical and fracture properties was examined in the framework of\ncomposite theory in relation to the observed microstructures.
An adaptive multi-agent routing algorithm inspired by ants behavior (1998)

This paper introduces AntNet, a novel adaptive approach to routing tables learning in connectionless communications networks. AntNet is inspired by the stigmergy communication model observed in ant colonies. We compare AntNet with the current Internet routing algorithm (OSPF), some old Internet routing algorithms (SPF and distributed adaptive Bellman-Ford), and recently proposed forms of asynchronous online Bellman-Ford (Q-routing and Predictive Q-routing). In all the experimental conditions considered AntNet outperforms the competing algorithms, where performance is measured by standard measures such as network throughput and average packet delay,
CRLH metamaterial leaky-wave and resonant antennas (2008)

Composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission-line (TL) metamaterials, with their rich dispersion and fundamental right-/left-hand duality, represent a paradigm shift in electromagnetics engineering and, in particular, for antennas. This paper presents an overview of the most practical leaky-wave and resonant CRLH antennas, which all exhibit functionalities or/and performance superior to prior state of the art. The leaky-wave antennas provide full-space dynamic scanning capability, with fan beams, conical beams in uni-planar configurations, pencil beams without any complex feeding network, and actively shaped beams based on the concept of aperture digitization. The resonant antennas offer alternative properties and a solution to beam-squinting when no scanning is required, including multi-band (dual/tri-band) operation, zeroth-order high efficiency, high directivity, and planar electric and magnetic monopole radiators.
Two Governors of Shrewsbury during the Great Civil War and the Interregnum (1911)

Journal Article Two Governors of Shrewsbury during the Great Civil War and the Interregnum Get access HILDA JOHNSTONE HILDA JOHNSTONE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XXVI, Issue CII, April 1911, Pages 267–277, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XXVI.CII.267 Published: 01 April 1911
Inhibition of Oral Bacteria by Phenolic Compounds. Part 1. QSAR Analysis using Molecular Connectivity (1998)

Minimal inhibitory concentrations towards three oral bacteria were determined for a large (>100) number of structurally diverse phenols and related compounds. Inspection of these data suggests phenolic recognition sites in which ligand binding is dominated by hydrophobic interactions, with lesser contributions from steric factors and hydrogen bonding. This interpretation is supported by structure-bioactivity correlation equations obtained for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus sobrinus using molecular connectivity descriptors, but not for Selenomonas artemidis. “Classical” molecular connectivity indices cannot adequately account for the growth-inhibitory properties of phenols towards the latter bacterium.
Characterization and molecular basis of heterogeneity of the African swine fever virus envelope protein p54 (1994)

It has been reported that the propagation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in cell culture generates viral subpopulations differing in protein p54 (C. Alcaraz, A. Brun, F. Ruiz-Gonzalvo, and J. M. Escribano, Virus Res. 23:173-182, 1992). A recombinant bacteriophage expressing a 328-bp fragment of the p54 gene was selected in a lambda phage expression library of ASFV genomic fragments by immunoscreening with antibodies against p54 protein. The sequence of this recombinant phage allowed the location of the p54 gene in the EcoRI E fragment of the ASFV genome. Nucleotide sequence obtained from this fragment revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 183 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 19,861. This protein contains a transmembrane domain and a Gly-Gly-X motif, a recognition sequence for protein processing of several ASFV structural proteins. In addition, two direct tandem repetitions were also found within this open reading frame. Further characterization of the transcription and gene product revealed that the p54 gene is translated from a late mRNA and the protein is incorporated to the external membrane of the virus particle. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the p54 gene carried by two virulent ASFV strains (E70 and E75) with that obtained from virus Ba71V showed 100% similarity. However, when p54 genes from viral clones generated by cell culture passage and coding for p54 proteins with different electrophoretic mobility were sequenced, they showed changes in the number of copies of a 12-nucleotide sequence repeat. These changes produce alterations in the number of copies of the amino acid sequence Pro-Ala-Ala-Ala present in p54, resulting in stepwise modifications in the molecular weight of the protein. These duplications and deletions of a tandem repeat sequence array within a protein coding region constitute a novel mechanism of genetic diversification in ASFV.
Recommendations in taste related domains (2007)

We investigate how social networks can be used in recommendation generation in taste related domains. Social Filtering (using social networks for neighborhood generation) is compared to Collaborative Filtering with respect to prediction accuracy in the domain of rating clubs. After reviewing background and related work, we present an extensive empirical study where over thousand participants from a social networking community where asked to provide ratings for clubs in Munich. We then compare a typical traditional CF-approach to a social recommender / social filtering approach where friends from the underlying social network are used as rating neighborhood and analyze the experiments statistically. Surprisingly, the social filtering approach outperforms the CF approach in all variants of the experiment. The implications of the experiment for professional and private-life collaborative environments and services where recommendations play a role are discussed. We conclude with future perspectives on social recommender systems, especially in upcoming mobile environments.
Image Processing Assisted Algorithms for Optical Projection Tomography (2011)

Since it was first presented in 2002, optical projection tomography (OPT) has emerged as a powerful tool for the study of biomedical specimen on the mm to cm scale. In this paper, we present computational tools to further improve OPT image acquisition and tomographic reconstruction. More specifically, these methods provide: semi-automatic and precise positioning of a sample at the axis of rotation and a fast and robust algorithm for determination of postalignment values throughout the specimen as compared to existing methods. These tools are easily integrated for use with current commercial OPT scanners and should also be possible to implement in "home made" or experimental setups for OPT imaging. They generally contribute to increase acquisition speed and quality of OPT data and thereby significantly simplify and improve a number of three-dimensional and quantitative OPT based assessments.
Inhalation of nebulized nitroglycerin in dogs with experimental pulmonary hypertension induced by U46619 (2000)

Abstract Background : Pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes mortality in some congenital and acquired heart and lung diseases. However, inhalation of NO gas requires complicated and expensive instruments and elaborate preparations to avoid toxic gas administration. We tested the effectiveness and safety of inhaled nebulized nitroglycerin (Neb‐NTG) in dogs with experimental PH. Methods : Experimental PH was induced by continuous infusion of a thromboxane analog (U46619). The U46619 infusion rate was adjusted to maintain a systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) at 40 mmHg in 10 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs. Then, 20 μg/kg of NTG liquid nebulized by compressed air was inhaled. Results : After infusion of U46619, the systolic, diastolic and mean PAP increased by 119%, 228% and 169%, respectively, and the systolic, diastolic and mean systemic arterial pressures (SAP) increased by 19%, 29% and 23%, respectively. The systolic pulmonary to systemic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) and mean Pp/Ps increased by 83% and 113%, respectively, and the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulmonary to systemic resistance ratio (Rp/Rs) increased by 341%, 100% and 145%, respectively. After inhalation of Neb‐NTG in dogs with experimental PH, systolic, diastolic and mean PAP and PVR decreased by 25~4, 26~11, 25~9 and 31~21%, respectively. There were no significant changes in systolic, diastolic and mean SAP, SVR, cardiac output and plasma methemoglobin concentrations. The systolic and mean Pp/Ps decreased by 18~7 and 20~7%, respectively. The Rp/Rs decreased by 25~13%. Conclusions : The results of this study demonstrate that Neb‐NTG is an effective and selective pulmonary vasodilator and may offer a new therapeutic option for PH.