gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of aromatic amino acids by microorganisms. VI. Regulatory properties of prephenate dehydrogenase and prephenate dehydratase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. (1974)

Regulatory properties of the enzymes in L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine terminal pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum were investigated. Prephenate dehydrogenase was partially feedback inhibited by L-tyrosine. Prephenate dehydratase was strongly inhibited by L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan and 100% inhibition was attained at the concentrations of 5×10-2mM and 10-1mM, respectively. L-Tyrosine stimulated prephenate dehydratase activity (6-fold stimulation at 1mM) and restored the enzyme activity inhibited by L-phenylalanine or L-tryptophan. These regulations seem to give the balanced synthesis of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. Prephenate dehydratase from C. glutamicum was stimulated by L-methionine and L-leucine similarly to the enzyme in Bacillus subtilis and moreover by L-isoleucine and L-histidine. C. glutamicum mutant No. 66, an L-phenylalanine producer resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine, had a prephenate dehydratase completely resistant to the inhibition by L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan.
Business-to-Business Virtual Collaboration of Aircraft Engine Combustor Design (2004)

In today’s fast-changing economy, product designs are becoming increasingly complex while demands for faster design cycles never cease. Tighter collaboration among business partners and streamlined integration of engineering processes are becoming essential elements to succeeding in the competitive global environment. Modern computer-aided design/engineering solutions and revolutionary Internet technologies facilitate such real-time business-to-business (B2B) design collaboration. This paper discusses various emerging technologies that enable a true B2B virtual collaboration of an aircraft engine combustor design between GE Aircraft Engines, a jet engine manufacturer, and Parker Hannifin, a gas turbine fuel nozzle supplier. A case study involving the collaborative design and analysis of a fuel nozzle is also presented, which demonstrates the realistic implementation of these new technologies.
Type test scripts for TypeScript testing (2017)

TypeScript applications often use untyped JavaScript libraries. To support static type checking of such applications, the typed APIs of the libraries are expressed as separate declaration files. This raises the challenge of checking that the declaration files are correct with respect to the library implementations. Previous work has shown that mismatches are frequent and cause TypeScript's type checker to misguide the programmers by rejecting correct applications and accepting incorrect ones. This paper shows how feedback-directed random testing, which is an automated testing technique that has mostly been used for testing Java libraries, can be adapted to effectively detect such type mismatches. Given a JavaScript library with a TypeScript declaration file, our tool TSTEST generates a "type test script", which is an application that interacts with the library and tests that it behaves according to the type declarations. Compared to alternative solutions that involve static analysis, this approach finds significantly more mismatches in a large collection of real-world JavaScript libraries with TypeScript declaration files, and with fewer false positives. It also has the advantage that reported mismatches are easily reproducible with concrete executions, which aids diagnosis and debugging.
Primary Structure and Reactive Site of Streptoverticillium Anticoagulant (SAC), a Novel Protein Inhibitor of Blood Coagulation Produced by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum subsp. cinnamoneum (1994)

The complete amino acid sequence of SAC I, a novel protein inhibitor of blood coagulation produced by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum subsp. cinnamoneum IFO 12852, was determined. Automated Edman degradation was employed for its fragment peptides, which were obtained by specific cleavage procedures including tryptic, chymotryptic, and peptic digestions, and cyanogen bromide treatment. SAC I is composed of 110 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 11,642. It has two intramolecular disulfide bonds, Cys31-Cys46 and Cys68-Cys98, but no cysteine residues. The overall sequence homology of SAC I is 58% to plasminostreptin, a protein protease inhibitor produced by Streptomyces antifibrinolyticus, and 52% to S-SI, Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor, produced by Streptomyces albogriseolus. Subtilisin [EC 3.4.21.14]-modified SAC I, which was prepared by incubating SAC I with subtilisin, had a newly-generated amino terminal sequence, Glu71-Trp72-Asn73-, in addition to the original amino terminal sequence, and a newly-generated carboxyl terminal arginine in addition to the original phenylalanine. These results clearly show that the Arg70-Glu71 bond was specifically cleaved on the limited proteolysis with subtilisin and that the bond is the relative site for subtilisin.
Future Servo Technologies for Hard Disk Drives (1994)

This paper focuses on some of the newer servo technologies that have been added to the actuator servo control system in order to meet the higher track density requirements for future HDD. After a brief description of the basic digital actuator servo control system, the paper focuses on the use of elliptic filters to reduce the effects of mechanical resonance disturbances. Then a short discussion follows on the position sensor errors. A development of the governing equation for the total position error consisting of repeatable and non-repeatable error components is made. Feedforward control can be used to increase track density by reducing the repeatable position error. A brief discussion is given on the use of accelerometers to protect the HDD from unrecoverable data errors caused by external shocks and vibrations. A predictive write/read inhibit decision using fuzzy logic shows a way to relax the tracking requirements. Increasing the HDD track density to 25,000 tracks/inch requires a five fold increase in todays servo bandwidth. This can be accomplished by placing a rotary micromechanical actuator piggyback on the slider. Some thoughts around the use of piggyback actuators in HDDs are given.
A piezo inertial force generator optimized for high force and low frequency (2007)

In this paper, a novel piezo inertial force generator optimized for high forces, high endurance and low frequency is discussed. The underlying innovative technology makes use of piezoceramic d33 multilayer monolithic actuators embedded into a GFRP host structure in a leaf-spring bending configuration. Dynamic amplification of the control forces is achieved by means of a near-resonance condition. The smart force generator actuation capability is completely embedded into its leaf-spring structure. With a 4 kg inertial mass, the force generator is capable of providing control forces of ± 800 N at frequencies around 26 Hz, where endurance tests show reliability for more than 1000 operational hours. Force generators are designed, and hardware prototypes manufactured and tested with respect to performance and endurance.
Antioxidant administration attenuates mechanical ventilation‐induced rat diaphragm muscle atrophy independent of protein kinase B (PKB–Akt) signalling (2007)

Oxidative stress promotes controlled mechanical ventilation (MV)-induced diaphragmatic atrophy. Nonetheless, the signalling pathways responsible for oxidative stress-induced muscle atrophy remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress down-regulates insulin-like growth factor-1-phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B serine threonine kinase (IGF-1-PI3K-Akt) signalling and activates the forkhead box O (FoxO) class of transcription factors in diaphragm fibres during MV-induced diaphragm inactivity. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups: (1) control (Con), (2) 6 h of MV, (3) 6 h of MV with infusion of the antioxidant Trolox, (4) 18 h of MV, (5) 18 h of MV with Trolox. Following 6 h and 18 h of MV, diaphragmatic Akt activation decreased in parallel with increased nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of FoxO1 and decreased nuclear localization of FoxO3 and FoxO4, culminating in increased expression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, muscle atrophy factor (MAFbx) and muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF-1). Interestingly, following 18 h of MV, antioxidant administration was associated with attenuation of MV-induced atrophy in type I, type IIa and type IIb/IIx myofibres. Collectively, these data reveal that the antioxidant Trolox attenuates MV-induced diaphragmatic atrophy independent of alterations in Akt regulation of FoxO transcription factors and expression of MAFbx or MuRF-1. Further, these results also indicate that differential regulation of diaphragmatic IGF-1-PI3K-Akt signalling exists during the early and late stages of MV.
Morphological and ultrastructural changes induced in corneal epithelial cells by HIV-1 and HHV-6 <i>in vitro</i> (1996)

These data indicate that HIV-1 and HHV-6 are capable of infecting corneal epithelial cells in vitro, but the viruses are not entering these cells via CD4 or galC receptors. This basic information is important in determining the pathogenic mechanism(s) involved in the development of AIDS-associated corneal disorders.
Localized pancreatic NF-κB activation and inflammatory response in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis (2001)

Transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is activated in cerulein pancreatitis and mediates cytokine expression. The role of transcription factor activation in other models of pancreatitis has not been established. Here we report upregulation of NF-kappaB and inflammatory molecules, and their correlation with local pancreatic injury, in a model of severe pancreatitis. Rats received intraductal infusion of taurocholate or saline, and the pancreatic head and tail were analyzed separately. NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation were assessed by gel shift assay, and mRNA expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, KC, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase was assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Morphological damage and trypsin activation were much greater in the pancreatic head than tail, in parallel with a stronger activation of NF-kappaB and cytokine mRNA. Saline infusion mildly affected these parameters. AP-1 was strongly activated in both pancreatic segments after either taurocholate or saline infusion. NF-kappaB inhibition with N-acetylcysteine ameliorated the local inflammatory response. Correlation between localized NF-kappaB activation, cytokine upregulation, and tissue damage suggests a key role for NF-kappaB in the development of the inflammatory response of acute pancreatitis.
Nicotine Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Association with Tumor-Associated Invasion and Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer (2005)

Abstract Blockade of angiogenesis is a promising strategy to suppress tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which binds to tyrosine kinase receptors [VEGF receptors (VEGFR) 1 and 2], is the mediator of angiogenesis and mitogen for endothelial cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the promoting action of nicotine on gastric cancer growth. However, the action of nicotine and the relationship between COX-2 and VEGF/VEGFR system in tumorigenesis remain undefined. In this study, the effects of nicotine in tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis were studied with sponge implantation and Matrigel membrane models. Nicotine (200 μg/mL) stimulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, which was blocked by SC-236 (a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor) and CBO-P11 (a VEGFR inhibitor). This was associated with decreased VEGF levels as well as VEGFR-2 but not VEGFR-1 expression. Topical injection of nicotine enhanced tumor-associated vascularization, with a concomitant increase in VEGF levels in sponge implants. Again, application of SC-236 (2 mg/kg) and CBO-P11 (0.4 mg/kg) partially attenuated vascularization by ∼30%. Furthermore, nicotine enhanced tumor cell invasion through the Matrigel membrane by 4-fold and promoted migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a cocultured system with gastric cancer cells. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and protein expressions of plasminogen activators (urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor), which are the indicators of invasion and migration processes, were increased by nicotine but blocked by COX-2 and VEGFR inhibitors. Taken together, our results reveal that the promoting action of nicotine on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis is COX-2/VEGF/VEGFR dependent.
Cortical hot spots and labyrinths: why cortical neuromodulation for episodic migraine with aura should be personalized (2015)

Stimulation protocols for medical devices should be rationally designed. For episodic migraine with aura we outline model-based design strategies toward preventive and acute therapies using stereotactic cortical neuromodulation. To this end, we regard a localized spreading depression (SD) wave segment as a central element in migraine pathophysiology. To describe nucleation and propagation features of the SD wave segment, we define the new concepts of cortical hot spots and labyrinths, respectively. In particular, we firstly focus exclusively on curvature-induced dynamical properties by studying a generic reaction-diffusion model of SD on the folded cortical surface. This surface is described with increasing level of details, including finally personalized simulations using patient's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner readings. At this stage, the only relevant factor that can modulate nucleation and propagation paths is the Gaussian curvature, which has the advantage of being rather readily accessible by MRI. We conclude with discussing further anatomical factors, such as areal, laminar, and cellular heterogeneity, that in addition to and in relation to Gaussian curvature determine the generalized concept of cortical hot spots and labyrinths as target structures for neuromodulation. Our numerical simulations suggest that these target structures are like fingerprints, they are individual features of each migraine sufferer. The goal in the future will be to provide individualized neural tissue simulations. These simulations should predict the clinical data and therefore can also serve as a test bed for exploring stereotactic cortical neuromodulation.
Laser resonators containing self-focusing elements (1987)

Laser resonators containing self-focusing elements are described using the matrix formalism appropriate for Gaussian beams. The laser rods are not approximated by traditional optical elements but treated as thick materials showing a radial quadratic dependence of their refractive index. Cavities incorporating an arbitrary number of lenses, mirrors, and crystals (including rods with spherical endfaces) are described with no restriction on the value of the pump power. Stability domains and beam size in the resonator and inside the rods are calculated. A few experimental tests with Nd:YAP lasers are presented.
Overview of the mobile communications programme of RACE II (1995)

The paper provides a general overview of the main research activity on the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and the Mobile Broadband System (MBS) within the European Union's RACE II programme. The main characteristics, innovations and trends with regard to cell types, services, network architectures and radio interfaces are discussed. Evolutionary aspects of interworking with other existing and emerging terrestrial networks are also discussed.
Tool support for plagiarism detection in text documents (2005)

We propose a software tool that supports the detection of plagiarism. The application domain of the tool are those cases in which a stylometric approach seems appears viable. The tool is language-sensitive. It takes as input two sufficiently long pieces of English text under the Hypothesis that they stem from different authors, and it raises a plagiarism warning in case that significant stylistic similarities in the two texts can be found.
Black silicon with sub-percent reflectivity: Influence of the 3D texturization geometry (2011)

In this paper we study the impact of the three-dimensional geometry of a micro/nanostructured silicon surface on its reflectivity under incident electromagnetic (EM) illumination. We simulate the optical reflectance of 3D micro/nano silicon cones of different dimensions. Based on the favorable simulation results, maskless textured silicon, called “black silicon” is processed by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) under cryogenic temperatures. By varying the process parameters, we fabricate conical black silicon substrates with excellent anti-reflective behavior. Notable among the results, one of the samples exhibits the lowest reflectivity in the optical wavelength published to date for plasma-etched black-silicon.
Multicolor Electrochromism Showing Three Primary Color States (Cyan–Magenta–Yellow) Based on Size- and Shape-Controlled Silver Nanoparticles (2014)

Inorganic electrochromic (EC) materials have various advantages for use in display devices. We demonstrate here a new multicolor EC device based on an electrochemical silver deposition mechanism. Ag nanoparticles electrochemically deposited on an electrode exhibit a wide variety of optical states based on their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). As LSPR bands and the resultant colors change depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles, morphological control of the Ag nanoparticles enables multiple color representation. In order to exploit this color variation in inorganic EC devices, we investigated the electrochemical deposition of size- and shape-controlled Ag nanoparticles by varying the surface morphology of the electrode and by applying a step voltage, which consisted of the application of two consecutive different voltages. Using only silver deposition, we have successfully achieved the first LSPR-based multicolor EC device that enables reversible color changes, including three primary colors—cyan, magenta, and yellow—as well as transparent, black, and mirror in a single cell.
MICROENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS‐COUPLED RESPIRATION IN AN EPILITHIC CYANOBACTERIAL BIOFILM<sup>1</sup> (1996)

ABSTRACT The photosynthetic performance of an epilithic cyano‐bacterial biofilm was studied in relation to the in situ light field by the use of combined microsensor measurements of O 2 , photosynthesis, and spectral scalar irradiance. The high density of the dominant filamentous cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.) embedded in a matrix of exopolymers and bacteria resulted in a photic zone of < 0.7 mm. At the biofilm surface, the prevailing irradiance and spectral composition were significantly different from the incident light. Multiple scattering led to an intensity maximum for photic light (400–700 nm) of ca. 120% of incident quantum irradiance at the biofilm surface. At the bottom of the euphotic zone in the biofilm, light was attenuated strongly to < 5–10% of the incident surface irradiance. Strong spectral signals from chlorophyll a (440 and 675 nm) and phycobilins (phycoerythrin 540–570 nm, phycocyanin 615–625 nm) were observed as distinct maxima in the scalar irradiance attenuation spectra in the upper 0.0–0.5 mm of the biofilm. The action spectrum for photosynthesis in the cyanobacterial layer revealed peak photosynthetic activity at absorption wavelengths of phycobilins, whereas only low photosynthesis rates were induced by light absorption of carotenoids (450–550 nm). Respiration rates in light‐ and dark‐incubated biofilms were determined using simple flux calculations on measured O 2 concentration profiles and photosynthetic rates. A significantly higher areal O 2 consumption was found in illuminated biofilms than in dark‐incubated biofilms. Although photorespiration accounted for part of the increase, the enhanced areal O 2 consumption of illuminated biofilms could also be ascribed to a deeper oxygen penetration in light as well as an enhanced volumetric O 2 respiration in and below the photic zone. Gross photosynthesis was largely unaffected by increasing flow velocities, whereas the O 2 flux out of the photic zone, that is, net photosynthesis, increased with flow velocity. Consequently, the amount of produced O 2 consumed within the biofilm decreased with increasing flow velocity. Our data indicated a close coupling of photosynthesis and respiration in biofilms, where the dissolved inorganic carbon requirement of the photo‐synthetic population may largely be covered by the respiration of closely associated populations of heterotrophic bacteria consuming a significant part of the photosynthetically produced oxygen and organic carbon.
µtune: auto-tuned threading for OLDI microservices (2018)

Modern On-Line Data Intensive (OLDI) applications have evolved from monolithic systems to instead comprise numerous, distributed microservices interacting via Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs). Microservices face sub-millisecond (sub-ms) RPC latency goals, much tighter than their monolithic counterparts that must meet ≥ 100 ms latency targets. Sub-ms-scale threading and concurrency design effects that were once insignificant for such monolithic services can now come to dominate in the sub-ms-scale microservice regime. We investigate how threading design critically impacts microservice tail latency by developing a taxonomy of threading models--a structured understanding of the implications of how microservices manage concurrency and interact with RPC interfaces under wide-ranging loads. We develop µTune, a system that has two features: (1) a novel framework that abstracts threading model implementation from application code, and (2) an automatic load adaptation system that curtails microservice tail latency by exploiting inherent latency trade-offs revealed in our taxonomy to transition among threading models. We study µTune in the context of four OLDI applications to demonstrate up to 1.9× tail latency improvement over static threading choices and state-of-the-art adaptation techniques.