gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFICACY OF INTRAPERITONEAL PANCREATIC ISLET ISOGRAFTS IN THE REVERSAL OF DIABETES IN RATS (1991)

The peritoneal cavity is of renewed interest for pancreatic islet transplantation, since it is the preferable site for transplantation of immunoisolated islets. In this study we investigated the minimum islet graft volume needed to restore normoglycemia after free intraperitoneal isogenic transplantation in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Furthermore, graft function was tested by measuring glucose and insulin response to an intravenous glucose load and spontaneously ingested carbohydrate-rich meal. Three graft volumes were used: 8.0-10.0 (group A); 4.0-5.0 (group B); and 2.0-2.3 microliters (group C); 1 microliter contained about 300 islets. All 10 rats in group A and 7 out of 9 rats in group B became normoglycemic for at least 6 months posttransplant, with blood glucose levels not significantly different from normal control animals. Only 3 out of 9 animals in group C became normoglycemic and never for longer than 3 months. The insulin responses to IVGTT in group A and group B were proportional to the grafted islet volume and always significantly lower than those of normal control rats. The insulin response to the test meal showed a similar tendency, which was found to be associated with the absence of preabsorptive insulin secretion. Maximum postprandial blood glucose levels in group A and group B were 0.8 and 1.5 mM higher than in normal control rats. We conclude that intraperitoneal transplantation of at least 4.0-5.0-microliters islet tissue is needed to reverse blood glucose in streptozotocin diabetic rats, and that glucose and insulin levels on IVGTT and test meal in rats with islet grafts of 8.0-10.0 microliters are not completely normalized. It is suggested that the impaired glucose tolerance is due to an insufficient beta-cell mass and a lack of parasympathetic innervation of the transplanted islet tissue.
Diagnosis of recurrent faults using log files (2009)

Enterprise software systems (ESS) are becoming larger and increasingly complex. Failure in business-critical systems is expensive, leading to consequences such as loss of critical data, loss of sales, customer dissatisfaction, even law suits. Therefore, detecting failures and diagnosing their root-cause in a timely manner is essential. Many studies suggest that a large fraction of failures encountered in practice are recurrent (i.e., they have been seen before). Fast and accurate detection of these failures can accelerate problem determination, and thereby improve system reliability. To this effect, we explore machine learning techniques, including the Naïve Bayes classifier, partially-supervised learning, and decision trees (using C4.5), to automatically recognize symptoms of recurrent faults and to derive detection rules from samples of log data. This work focuses on log files, since they are readily available and they do not put any additional computational burden on the component generating the data.
Rapid serial visual presentation (2000)

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, or RSVP, is the electronic equivalent of riffling a book in order to assess its content. RSVP allows space to be traded for time and has tremendous potential to support electronic information browsing and search particularly on small displays. However, before this potential can be realised, it is necessary to investigate the parameters involved in the successful application of RSVP in the user interface. The rapid display of images or text is well within the capabilities of current desktop computers and even of current or near future mobile devices. The limiting factor in the application of RSVP, therefore, has to be the limited capability of the user's visual system. Users' reading comprehension with RSVP of text has been studied extensively. The transfer of information with RSVP of images, however, has received relatively little attention. This paper examines some of the problems with applying RSVP for image browsing and search.
EEG neural correlates of goal-directed movement intention (2017)

Using low-frequency time-domain electroencephalographic (EEG) signals we show, for the same type of upper limb movement, that goal-directed movements have different neural correlates than movements without a particular goal. In a reach-and-touch task, we explored the differences in the movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) between goal-directed and non-goal-directed movements. We evaluated if the detection of movement intention was influenced by the goal-directedness of the movement. In a single-trial classification procedure we found that classification accuracies are enhanced if there is a goal-directed movement in mind. Furthermore, by using the classifier patterns and estimating the corresponding brain sources, we show the importance of motor areas and the additional involvement of the posterior parietal lobule in the discrimination between goal-directed movements and non-goal-directed movements. We discuss next the potential contribution of our results on goal-directed movements to a more reliable brain-computer interface (BCI) control that facilitates recovery in spinal-cord injured or stroke end-users.
Photolithographically patterned thin-film multilayer devices of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (1991)

Thin-film YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/-SrTiO/sub 3/-YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ multilayer interconnect structures in which each in situ laser-deposited film is independently patterned by photolithography have been fabricated. The two key components necessary for a superconducting multilayer interconnect technology have been constructed: crossovers and window contacts. As a further demonstration of the technology, the authors have fabricated a thin-film flux transformer which is suitable for use with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and includes a ten-turn input coil with 6- mu m linewidth. Transport measurements showed that the critical temperature was 87 K and the critical current was 135 mu A at 82 K.
Sodium Alginate Based Mucoadhesive System for Gatifloxacin and Its In Vitro Antibacterial Activity (2010)

The objective of this study was to formulate sodium alginate based ophthalmic mucoadhesive system of gatifloxacin and its in vitro antibacterial potential on pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) was added to the formulations to enhance the gel bioadhesion properties. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their in vitro drug release, gelation behaviour, rheological behavior, and mucoadhesion force. All formulations in non-physiological and physiological condition showed pseudo plastic behavior. Increase in the concentration of sodium alginate and sodium CMC enhanced the mucoadhesive force significantly. In vitro release of gatifloxacin from the system in simulated tear fluid (STF, pH â 7.4), was influenced significantly by the properties and concentration of sodium alginate, NaCMC. Significant reduction in total bacterial count was observed between control and treatment groups with both the test organisms.
Studies of Mediterranean oregano populations. VIII—Chemical composition of essential oils of oreganos of various origins (2005)

The essential oils of nine species of oregano (Oreganum calcaratum Jussieu, Oreganum lævigatum Boissier, Oreganum majorana var. majorana Linné, Oreganum majorana var. tenuifolium L., Oreganum microphyllum Vogel, Oreganum ramonense Danin, Oreganum rotondifolium Boissier, Oreganum vulgare ssp. virens L., Oreganum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) were studied by GC and GC–MS; 134 constituents were identified. Essential oils compositions are generally close to those described in the literature. This study reveals new compositions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiber-Optic Communications Technology (2000)

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Problems, and References.) 1. Introduction to Telecommunications and Fiber Optics. 2. Physics of Light: A Brief Overview. 3. Optical Fibers-Basics. 4. Optical Fibers-A Deeper Look. 5. Singlemode Fibers-Basics. 6. Singlemode Fibers-A Deeper Look. 7. Fabrication, Cabling, and Installation. 8. Fiber-Cable Connectorization and Testing. 9. Light Sources and Transmitters-Basics. 10. Light Sources and Transmitters-A Deeper Look. 11. Receivers. 12. Components of Fiber-Optic Networks. 13. Passive Components, Switches, and Functional Modules of Fiber-Optic Networks. 14. An Introduction to Fiber-Optic Networks. 15. Conclusion. Appendix A: List of Constants, Powers of Ten, International System of Units, Decibel Units, and the Greek Alphabet. Appendix B: Acronyms, Abbreviations, Symbols, and Units Used in This Book. Appendix C: A Selected Bibliography. Appendix D: Products, Services, and Standards.
An Experimental Investigation on the Active Vibration Control for Flexible Structures (2003)

In this paper an active vibration control system of 2D flexible plate is presented by using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Some problems in collocated control for practical system are indicated. The design is improved and the vibration control experiment on 2D flexible plate shows that the improved method is effective.
Ion-selective electrode for intracellular potassium measurements (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-selective electrode for intracellular potassium measurementsAndre. Haemmerli, Jiri. Janata, and H. Mack. BrownCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 8, 1179–1182Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50058a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50058a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Experimental methods in two-phase flow studies. Final report (1976)

This report presents a survey of experimental methods and instrumentation in two-phase flow. Methods are reviewed under first, second, and third order parameters. First order parameters (those of direct interest to the designer) include primary design parameters applying to the steady state (e.g., pressure drop, maximum heat-flux, etc.) and primary design parameters applying to fault conditions (e.g., discharge rate, void growth, etc.) Second order parameters include flow pattern, mass-flow distribution, drop-size measurement, temperature distribution, etc., and are not generally used in the design of the system. However, both they and the time-varying parameters (third order may be of vital importance in establishing new methods for evaluation and understanding of design parameters). The report deals briefly with modeling of two-phase systems and improving their performance. (GRA)
Vestibular Role of KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 K+ Channels Revealed by Mouse Models (2013)

The function of sensory hair cells of the cochlea and vestibular organs depends on an influx of K(+) through apical mechanosensitive ion channels and its subsequent removal over their basolateral membrane. The KCNQ4 (Kv7.4) K(+) channel, which is mutated in DFNA2 human hearing loss, is expressed in the basal membrane of cochlear outer hair cells where it may mediate K(+) efflux. Like the related K(+) channel KCNQ5 (Kv7.5), KCNQ4 is also found at calyx terminals ensheathing type I vestibular hair cells where it may be localized pre- or postsynaptically. Making use of Kcnq4(-/-) mice lacking KCNQ4, as well as Kcnq4(dn/dn) and Kcnq5(dn/dn) mice expressing dominant negative channel mutants, we now show unambiguously that in adult mice both channels reside in postsynaptic calyx-forming neurons, but cannot be detected in the innervated hair cells. Accordingly, whole cell currents of vestibular hair cells did not differ between genotypes. Neither Kcnq4(-/-), Kcnq5(dn/dn) nor Kcnq4(-/-)/Kcnq5(dn/dn) double mutant mice displayed circling behavior found with severe vestibular impairment. However, a milder form of vestibular dysfunction was apparent from altered vestibulo-ocular reflexes in Kcnq4(-/-)/Kcnq5(dn/dn) and Kcnq4(-/-) mice. The larger impact of KCNQ4 may result from its preferential expression in central zones of maculae and cristae, which are innervated by phasic neurons that are more sensitive than the tonic neurons present predominantly in the surrounding peripheral zones where KCNQ5 is found. The impact of postsynaptic KCNQ4 on vestibular function may be related to K(+) removal and modulation of synaptic transmission.
Improved error reporting for software that uses black-box components (2007)

An error occurs when software cannot complete a requested action as a result of some problem with its input, configuration, or environment. A high-quality error report allows a user to understand and correct the problem. Unfortunately, the quality of error reports has been decreasing as software becomes more complex and layered. End-users take the cryptic error messages given to them by programsand struggle to fix their problems using search engines and support websites. Developers cannot improve their error messages when they receive an ambiguous or otherwise insufficient error indicator from a black-box software component.
Multi-View Clustering via Joint Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (2013)

Many real-world datasets are comprised of different representations or views which often provide information complementary to each other. To integrate information from multiple views in the unsupervised setting, multi-view clustering algorithms have been developed to cluster multiple views simultaneously to derive a solution which uncovers the common latent structure shared by multiple views. In this paper, we propose a novel NMF-based multi-view clustering algorithm by searching for a factorization that gives compatible clustering solutions across multiple views. The key idea is to formulate a joint matrix factorization process with the constraint that pushes clustering solution of each view towards a common consensus instead of fixing it directly. The main challenge is how to keep clustering solutions across different views meaningful and comparable. To tackle this challenge, we design a novel and effective normalization strategy inspired by the connection between NMF and PLSA. Experimental results on synthetic and several real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
An Information-Geometric Distance on the Space of Tasks (2020)

This paper prescribes a distance between learning tasks modeled as joint distributions on data and labels. Using tools in information geometry, the distance is defined to be the length of the shortest weight trajectory on a Riemannian manifold as a classifier is fitted on an interpolated task. The interpolated task evolves from the source to the target task using an optimal transport formulation. This distance, which we call the "coupled transfer distance" can be compared across different classifier architectures. We develop an algorithm to compute the distance which iteratively transports the marginal on the data of the source task to that of the target task while updating the weights of the classifier to track this evolving data distribution. We develop theory to show that our distance captures the intuitive idea that a good transfer trajectory is the one that keeps the generalization gap small during transfer, in particular at the end on the target task. We perform thorough empirical validation and analysis across diverse image classification datasets to show that the coupled transfer distance correlates strongly with the difficulty of fine-tuning.
Lipid composition of axolemma-enriched fractions from human brains. (1981)

The lipid composition was determined for axolemma-enriched fractions and myelin which were isolated via a preparation of purified myelinated axons. The myelin had a lipid composition which was compatible with that previously reported for myelin isolated by alternative procedures. The most dense axolemma-enriched fraction contained 25.3% cholesterol, 25.8% galactolipid (21.3% cerebrosides and 4.8% sulfatides), and 48.9% phospholipid. The major phospholipids were the ethanolamine phospholipid (19.8% of total lipid weight; 49.0% in the plasmalogen form) and choline phospholipids (18.7% of total lipid weight; 16.0% in the plasmalogen form) with lesser amounts of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol also present; the ganglioside content was 13.9 micrograms of acetylneuraminic acid per mg protein. The less dense axolemma-enriched fraction had a lipid composition which was intermediate between that of myelin and the more dense axolemma-enriched fraction. On the average, less than 2.3% of the total protein in the axolemma-enriched fraction was myelin basic protein. Both axolemma-enriched fractions stained uniformly with Luxol fast blue and demonstrated specific saxitoxin-binding which was enriched 2- to 7-fold over that of the whole white matter homogenate from which the fractions were isolated. The choline and ethanolamine phospholipids in that most dense axolemma-enriched fractions contained a greater percentage of unsaturated fatty acids compared with the comparable phospholipids in myelin. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in these phospholipids of the axolemma-enriched fraction was not as great as that of human CNS synaptic plasma membranes. However, the chain length distribution of these phospholipid fatty acids was similar in myelin, synaptic plasma membrane, and the axolemma-enriched fraction. The distribution of aldehydes derived from the ethanolamine phospholipids of the more dense axolemma-enriched fraction closely resemble the distribution of the comparable aldehydes in the myelin fraction. The possible origin and function of the lipids in the axolemma-enriched fractions are discussed.
The Conversion of a Room Temperature NAK Loop to a High Temperature MHD Facility for LI/V Blanket Testing (1996)

The Vanadium/Lithium system has been the recent focus of ANL's Blanket Technology Program, and for the last several years, ANL's Liquid Metal Blanket activities have been carried out in direct support of the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) breeding blanket task area. A key feasibility issue for the ITER Vanadium/Lithium breeding blanket is the development of insulator coatings. Design calculations, Hua and Gohar,1 show that an electrically insulating layer is necessary to maintain an acceptably low magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure drop in the current ITER design. Consequently, the decision was made to convert Argonne's Liquid Metal Experiment (ALEX) from a 200°C NaK facility to a 350°C lithium facility. The upgraded facility was designed to produce MHD pressure drop data, test section voltage distributions, and heat transfer data for mid-scale test sections and blanket mockups at Hartmann numbers (M) and interaction parameters (N) in the range of 103 to 105 in lithium at 350°C.Following completion of the upgrade work, a short performance test was conducted, followed by two longer, multiple-hour, MHD tests, all at 230°C. The modified ALEX facility performed up to expectations in the testing. MHD pressure drop and test section voltage distributions were collected at Hartmann numbers of 1000.
Boosting Independent Component Analysis (2022)

Independent component analysis is intended to recover the mutually independent components from their linear mixtures. This technique has been widely used in many fields, such as data analysis, signal processing, and machine learning. To alleviate the dependency on prior knowledge concerning unknown sources, many nonparametric methods have been proposed. In this paper, we present a novel boosting-based algorithm for independent component analysis. Our algorithm consists of maximizing likelihood estimation via boosting and seeking unmixing matrix by the fixed-point method. A variety of experiments validate its performance compared with many of the presently known algorithms.
Recombinant Trimeric HA Protein Immunogenicity of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses and Their Combined Use with Inactivated or Adenovirus Vaccines (2011)

Our findings suggest that the use of trimeric rHA in prime-boost vaccine regimens represents an alternative strategy for recombinant H5N1 vaccine development.
An overview on deep learning-based approximation methods for partial differential equations (2022)

It is one of the most challenging problems in applied mathematics to approximatively solve high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, several deep learning-based approximation algorithms for attacking this problem have been proposed and tested numerically on a number of examples of high-dimensional PDEs. This has given rise to a lively field of research in which deep learning-based methods and related Monte Carlo methods are applied to the approximation of high-dimensional PDEs. In this article we offer an introduction to this field of research by revisiting selected mathematical results related to deep learning approximation methods for PDEs and reviewing the main ideas of their proofs. We also provide a short overview of the recent literature in this area of research.
A dual-biometric-modality identification system based on fingerprint and EEG (2010)

This paper proposes a dual-biometric-modality personal identification system, which has both outstanding identification performance and effective anti-spoofing property. This dual-modality system represents the first effort to fuse the conventional fingerprint with a novel biométrie modality-Electroencephalogram (EEG). The fusion of these two modalities is achieved at the matching score level. Experimental results show that the highest identification performance is obtained in the dual-modality system, when its performance is compared with those of the systems using these two modalities separately. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that EEG is an appealing complementary modality to enhance the anti-spoofing capability of conventional biometrics-based identification systems.
Synthesis and Photochromic Behavior of 5-Substituted Indolylfulgides (1991)

Abstract 1,2-Dimethylindolylfulgides with 5-methylthio, 5-methoxy, or 5-dimethylamino group on the indole ring were synthesized and their photochromic properties were examined. Electron donating substituents lengthened the absorption maximum of the colored form and decreased the quantum yields of the photoreactions. The colored form of the dimethylaminoindolyl-substituted fulgide has λmax at 673 nm, the longest absorption maximum wavelength ever known as that of a fulgide.