gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon compilation of neural networks (2002)

The aim of PYGMALION, a neural network programming environment, is to fully integrate the silicon compiler with the programming environment. Neural networks written in PYGMALION's nC network specification language translate either to binary (for simulation) or silicon (for hardware). The silicon compilation project is described. It comprises three major parts: the PYGMALION programming environment, including nC; the so-called generic-neuron VLSI architecture at the heart of the silicon compiler; and the strategy for compiling from nC to silicon, focusing on the high-level synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new lipid-rich microalga Scenedesmus sp. strain R-16 isolated using Nile red staining: effects of carbon and nitrogen sources and initial pH on the biomass and lipid production (2013)

The newly developed ultrasonic-assisted Nile red method proved to be an efficient isolation procedure and was successfully used in the selection of oleaginous microalgae. The isolated novel green microalgal strain R-16 was rich in lipid and can live in varied and contrasting conditions. The algae appeared to have great potential for application in microalgae-based biodiesel production.
The Booke of Common Prayer of the Church of England: Its making and revisions 1549–1661. Set forth in eighty illustrations with introduction and notes. By E. C. Ratcliff. Pp. 122, 80 illustrations. London: S.P.C.K., 1949. 10s. (1950)

The Booke of Common Prayer of the Church of England: Its making and revisions 1549–1661. Set forth in eighty illustrations with introduction and notes. By E. C. Ratcliff. Pp. 122, 80 illustrations. London: S.P.C.K., 1949. 10s. - Volume 1 Issue 2
A Second Exon Splicing Silencer within Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 tat Exon 2 Represses Splicing of Tat mRNA and Binds Protein hnRNP H (2001)

An equilibrium between spliced and unspliced primary transcripts is essential for retrovirus multiplication. This equilibrium is maintained by the presence of inefficient splice sites. The A3 3'-splice site of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) is required for Tat mRNA production. The infrequent utilization of this splice site has been attributed to the presence of a suboptimal polypyrimidine tract and an exonic splicing silencer (ESS2) in tat exon 2 approximately 60 nucleotides downstream of 3'-splice site A3. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis followed by analysis of splicing in vitro and in HeLa cells, we show that the 5' extremity of tat exon 2 contains a second exonic splicing silencer (ESS2p), which acts to repress splice site A3. The inhibitory property of this exonic silencer was active when inserted downstream of another HIV-1 3'-splice site (A2). Protein hnRNP H binds to this inhibitory element, and two U-to-C substitutions within the ESS2p element cause a decreased hnRNP H affinity with a concomitant increase in splicing efficiency at 3'-splice site A3. This suggests that hnRNP H is directly involved in splicing inhibition. We propose that hnRNP H binds to the HIV-1 ESS2p element and competes with U2AF(35) for binding to the exon sequence flanking 3'-splice site A3. This binding results in the inhibition of splicing at 3'-splice site A3.
Identification of mutations in the rotavirus protein VP4 that alter sialic-acid-dependent infection. (1998)

To explore further the role of VP4 as the rotavirus cell attachment protein, VP7 monoreassortants derived from the sialic-acid-dependent simian strain RRV and from the sialic-acid-independent human strains D, DS-1 and ST-3 were tested for susceptibility of infectivity of neuraminidase-treated MA-104 cells. Infectivity of RRV x D VP7 and RRV x ST-3 VP7 monoreassortants decreased when sialic acid was removed from the cell surface. However, of three separate RRV x DS-1 VP7 monoreassortants tested, only one was sialic-acid-dependent. Sequence analysis showed that both sialic-acid-independent strains contained a single amino acid change, Lys to Arg, at position 187. In addition, sialic-acid-independent infectivity was seen in one of 14 RRV VP4 neutralization escape mutants tested, and this strain was found to have a Gly to Glu change at amino acid position 150. These results indicate that positions 150 and 187 of VP4 play an important role in early rotavirus-cell interactions.
Personal financial planner: A mobile application that implementing forward chaining technique for notification mechanism (2014)

The emergence of mobile devices and the rapid growth of mobile application development, many mobile users utilize the used of application Play Store (e.g. Google Play Store). They tend to do everything using their mobile device as it can be used at anytime and anywhere. This generates the idea of developing a mobile financial planner application due to most individuals have poor money management skill. They tend to spend much money on short term things like cars, clothing and accessories. These cause burdens to the individuals as they do not have enough money to bear with all the expenses. So, this financial planning helps the individuals to balance the income and the expenses by prioritizing their needs and desires. This paper applies the forward chaining that can determine the suggestion and tips according to their money environment. Hence, this paper focuses on providing a decision mechanism solution using forward chaining technique that able to further improve the individuals' money management and decision making skill.
The Mechanism Selecting the Guide Strand from Small RNA Duplexes is Different Among Argonaute Proteins (2008)

Double-stranded RNA induces RNA silencing and is cleaved into 21-24 nt small RNA duplexes by Dicer enzyme. A strand of Dicer-generated small RNA duplex (called the guide strand) is then selected by a thermodynamic mechanism to associate with Argonaute (AGO) protein. This AGO-small RNA complex functions to cleave mRNA, repress translation or modify chromatin structure in a sequence-specific manner. Although a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, contains 10 AGO genes, their roles and molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we analyzed the roles of Arabidopsis AGO2 and AGO5. Interestingly, the 5' nucleotide of small RNAs that associated with AGO2 was mainly adenine (85.7%) and that with AGO5 was mainly cytosine (83.5%). Small RNAs that were abundantly cloned from the AGO2 immunoprecipitation fraction (miR163-LL, which is derived from the Lower Left of mature miR163 in pre-miR163, and miR390) and from the AGO5 immunoprecipitation fraction (miR163-UL, which is derived from the Upper Left of mature miR163 in pre-miR163, and miR390(*)) are derived from the single small RNA duplexes, miR163-LL/miR163-UL and miR390/miR390(*). Each strand of the miR163-LL/miR163-UL duplex is selectively sorted to associate with AGO2 or AGO5 in a 5' nucleotide-dependent manner rather than in a thermodynamic stability-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that both AGO2 and AGO5 have the ability to bind cucumber mosaic virus-derived small RNAs. These results clearly indicate that the mechanism selecting the guide strand is different among AGO proteins and that multiple AGO genes are involved in anti-virus defense in plants.
<title>Tracking Techniques In Pregrooved Optical Disk Technology</title> (1982)

In this paper, we recall some tracking generalities and describe possibilities to follow tracks during both recording or reading modes.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Atomic structures of several silicon surfaces: A direct field ion microscope observation (1987)

Atomically resolved and well-ordered field ion images of several silicon surfaces have been obtained. For a carefully cleaned Si tip, after annealing at 800 °C for several minutes, very well-ordered atomic structures develop on high index planes such as the (230), (135), (124), (234), (123), (113), (115), and (317). Many of them are reconstructed. Two structures coexist for the (230) plane. Also, many two-dimensional defects can be seen.
Wave Spectra Corrections for Measurements of Hull-Fixed Accelerometers (1984)

The NOAA Data Buoy Center (NDBC) routinely operates approximately forty nondirectional wave measurement systems aboard a variety of hull types. In almost all cases, the wave sensor is a linear accelerometer with its axis fixed parallel to the hull vertical and thus not vertically stabilized relative to the earth. From earlier NDBC work, it is known that fixing the accelerometer introduces spurious energy into acceleration spectra at frequencies, particularly low frequencies, where there is not actual wave energy. Since 1977, a frequency dependent, but sea-state independent, correction function has been used to remove this spurious energy and to produce satisfactory wave data for most wave situations. This paper describes development of a new improved correction method that depends on sea-state as well as frequency. Sea-state dependence is included in a computationally simple manner through the use of mean-square hull slope, as estimated from acceleration spectra measured by the fixed accelerometer. This sea-state dependent noise correction function substantially improves the accuracies of low frequency swell measurements.
Interface properties in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures on <i>n</i>-type 4H-SiC(0338) (2002)

The interface properties of SiO2/4H-SiC(033̄8) were characterized using n-type metaloxide-semiconductor structures fabricated by wet oxidation. The interface states near the conduction band edge are discussed based on the capacitance and conductance measurements at a low temperature and room temperature. 4H-SiC(033̄8) was found to have different energy distribution of the interface state density from the (0001) face. The shallow interface state density on (033̄8) is lower than on (0001) by a factor of 4 to 8.
J& (2006)

This paper introduces a programming language that makes it convenient to compose large software systems, combining their features in a modular way. J& supports nested intersection , building on earlier work on nested inheritance in the language Jx. Nested inheritance permits modular, type-safe extension of a package (including nested packages and classes), while preserving existing type relationships. Nested intersection enables composition and extension of two or more packages, combining their types and behavior while resolving conflicts with a relatively small amount of code. The utility of J& is demonstrated by using it to construct two composable, extensible frameworks: a compiler framework for Java, and a peer-to-peer networking system. Both frameworks support composition of extensions. For example, two compilers adding different, domain-specific features to Java can be composed to obtain a compiler for a language that supports both sets of features.
Automatic and Efficient Decomposition of Two-Dimensional Structures of Small Molecules for Fragment-Based High-Throughput Docking (2006)

The computer program DAIM (Decomposition and Identification of Molecules) has been developed to automatically break up compounds in small-molecule libraries for fragment-based docking as well as database analysis. Here, DAIM is evaluated on 130 ligands derived from known crystal structures of ligand-protein complexes. The decomposition and a new fingerprint-based identification technique are used to select anchor fragments for docking. The docking results show that the DAIM selection is superior to size-based or random selection of fragments. To evaluate the usefulness for analyzing the fragment composition of a large library, DAIM is applied to a collection of about 1.85 million commercially available compounds. Interestingly, it is found that the set of most frequent cyclic and acyclic fragments originating from the decomposition of the 1.85 million molecules shows a large overlap with the most frequent fragments in a library of 5120 known drugs. DAIM has been successfully used in the in silico screening for inhibitors of beta-secretase and EphB4 kinase by fragment-based high-throughput docking. Possible future applications for de novo ligand design are briefly discussed.
Immobilization of immunoglobulins on polystyrene latex beads: Characterization by density gradient centrifugation (1978)

Abstract Isopycnic banding by density gradient centrifugation was used to measure density changes in complexes formed by the immobilization of each of four different immunoglobulins (IgG) (bovine, dog, rabbit, and sheep) on polystyrene latex beads (0.109 ± 0.0025 μm diam). Subtractive measurements of density changes allowed calculation of the mass of immobilized lgG under varying experimental conditions. The immobilization data were correlated with adsorption isotherms which incorporated charge repulsion forces. The effects of pH and NaCl concentration on the immobilization were studied for the latex–bovine lgG system. It was found that the mass of immobilized immunoglobulins was increased from 10 to 20% by removing the lgG from its isoelectric range.
The One-Atom Maser and the Generation of Nonclassical Light (1991)

We review our recent work on the nonclassical radiation field of a one-atom maser. The maser cavity is cooled to 0.5 K to exclude thermal photons and has a quality factor of 3 × 1010. Velocity-selected Rydberg atoms pump the maser. The field inside the cavity is measured via the fluctuations in the number of atoms leaving the cavity in the lower maser level which are up to 40% below the Poisson level. This corresponds to photon-number fluctuations 70% below the vacuum-state limit. The one-atom maser is the only maser system which leads to nonclassical radiation even when pumping processes with Poissonian statistics are used. We analyse and propose new experiments based on the one-atom maser leading to new studies of the quantum measurement process.
Nonlinear pulse propagation in a monomode dielectric guide (1987)

We derive the nonlinear wave equation for an envelope of an electromagnetic wave in a monomode dielectric waveguide. Concrete examples are given for a single-mode optical fiber where the coefficients of resultant nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order dispersion and dissipation (both linear and nonlinear) are given in terms of properties of the eigenfunction of the guided wave as well as of the material nonlinearity and dispersion. Using a newly-developed perturbation method, we show that the higher-order dispersions (linear and nonlinear) perserve the profile of a single soliton but to split up a bound <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> soliton ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N \geq 2</tex> ) into individual solitons with different heights which propagate at different velocities. We also show that the higher-order nonlinear dissipation due to the induced Raman effect downshifts the carrier frequency of a single soliton in proportion to the distance of propagation and to the fourth power of the soliton amplitude.
Malicious PDF detection using metadata and structural features (2012)

Owed to their versatile functionality and widespread adoption, PDF documents have become a popular avenue for user exploitation ranging from large-scale phishing attacks to targeted attacks. In this paper, we present a framework for robust detection of malicious documents through machine learning. Our approach is based on features extracted from document metadata and structure. Using real-world datasets, we demonstrate the the adequacy of these document properties for malware detection and the durability of these features across new malware variants. Our analysis shows that the Random Forests classification method, an ensemble classifier that randomly selects features for each individual classification tree, yields the best detection rates, even on previously unseen malware.
Co-Injection Resin Transfer Molding for Optimization of Integral Armor (1998)

Abstract : To address the cost and performance barriers which hinder the introduction of composite materials for combat ground vehicle applications, Co-Injection Resin Transfer Molding (CIRTM) and Diffusion Enhanced Adhesion (DEA) have been recently invented and developed at the Army Research Laboratory and the University of Delaware. When applied in tandem, these two composite processing technologies enable the manufacture of lightweight composite/ceramic integral armor offering significant cost-reduction and performance enhancement over existing defense industry practices. CIRTM was invented and developed for single-step manufacturing of integral armor by enabling simultaneous injection of multiple resins into multi-layer preform. Several technical challenges exist that must be addressed to fully realize the benefits afforded by the CIRTM process. First, the ability to separate the different resins during processing while achieving excellent bonding between the layers is an important aspect of the CIRTM process. DEA has been shown to be an effective approach. Also, an understanding of the resin flow and cure kinetics will aid in process optimization. This paper introduces the CIRTM process and describes in detail the DEA approach for separation of the layers. A guide to materials selection is presented, practical examples of the process are discussed, and mechanical performance data is reviewed.
Risk Education in Northern Jordan (2015)

In 2013 and 2014, the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at James Madison University led a project funded by the U.S. Department of State’s Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (PM/WRA) to provide explosive remnants of war risk education to Syrian refugees living in urban areas of northern Jordan. At the time, it was unclear whether the hundreds of thousands of Syrians fleeing the civil conflict and seeking refuge in neighboring countries would be able to return home in the near future, but there was still significant hope this would happen.
Determination of Enantiomeric Excess and Concentration of Unprotected Amino Acids, Amines, Amino Alcohols, and Carboxylic Acids by Competitive Binding Assays with a Chiral Scandium Complex (2006)

A practical UV-vis sensing method for enantioselective microanalysis of unprotected amino acids, amines, amino alcohols, and carboxylic acids in aqueous solution has been developed. Both concentration and enantiomeric composition of a wide range of chiral substrates can be determined with high accuracy by two simple competitive binding assays using a scandium complex derived from 1,8-bis(3-(3',5'-dimethylphenyl)-9-acridyl)naphthalene N,N'-dioxide.
Disintegration of Yeast Cells by Pressurized Carbon Dioxide (1991)

Abstract Disruption of yeast cells with high‐pressure carbon dioxide at both subcritical and supercritical temperatures (25, 35, and 55 °C) was investigated. The experimental results revealed that yeast cells can be ruptured to a maximal level by carbon dioxide within 5 h at 5000 psi and 15 h at 1000 psi at any of the temperatures studied. In the presence of β‐glucuronidase, the length of time for maximal cell rupture was reduced to 90 min at 5000 psi. Off‐flavors of the ruptured yeast cells were removed by carbon dioxide in the process. The functional properties of proteins were preserved, as indicated by enzyme activities in the ruptured cell suspension. An increase in temperature from subcritical to supercritical of carbon dioxide led to a significant enhancement of rapture rates under high pressures, while the functional properties of proteins and the removal of off‐flavors were relatively insensitive to the variation of temperature if the process was maintained at or below 35 °C. At higher temperatures, the activities of enzymes began to decay and were lost at about 55 °C under the carbon dioxide pressures of this study.
Historical overview on dynamic reactive power compensation solutions from the begin of AC power transmission towards present applications (2009)

The transmission of electrical energy using AC started at the end of the 19th century and replaced smaller existing local DC distribution systems. By extending local supply areas and providing energy transfer over longer distances various problems regarding mainly voltage control and stability were observed caused mainly by reactive power unbalances in the systems. Switched reactive power compensation (shunt capacitors, shunt reactors) were primarily used to control the steady state system voltages. Dynamic reactive compensation were based on rotating machines, eg synchronous condensors. In the mid 60's of the 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> century first static compensation devices, ie DC controlled reactors (mercury arc bulbs) and thyristor controlled devices (thyristor switched capacitors-TSC, thyristor controlled reactors-TCR) came up. Fast response times, lower losses and less maintenance requirements of thyristor controlled devices resolved the limitations of rotating machines and DC controlled devices. Evaluation of operating losses resulted more and more in the use of Static Var Compensators (SVC) which were built up by combinations of TCR and TSC branches. These shunt devices together with series connected devices TCSC (thyristor controlled series capacitors) provided a base for FACTS (Flexible AC transmission systems). FACTS allows transmission systems to be more efficiently used with regard to improved dynamic system voltage control on one side and higher power transfer capabilities on the other side. In AC transmission systems SVCs are installed presently with a total size of more than 100000 MVA. New power electronic devices (GTOs, IGCT, IGBT) were introduced to the FACTS market and allowed the use of current and voltage source converters (VSC) for providing fast reactive power compensation. With further improvement of controls, development of semiconductors and new arrangements of VSC technology to-days reactive power compensation is a key method to establish a reliable AC power transmission. The paper gives an overview from the early days of reactive power compensation towards the present transmission system situation. It compares early solutions with to-days devices, provides decisive factors for the steps in development of arrangements and discusses advantages of the present devices.
Isolation and Properties of a Staphylococcal Protease, Preferentially Cleaving Glutamoyl‐Peptide Bonds (1974)

An extracellular protease of a mutant of strain 8325N of Staphylococcus aureus , was isolated by a three‐step procedure involving stepwise chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose, gradient chromatography on hydroxyapatite and gel filtration on Sephadex G‐150. The enzyme was purified 250 times to homogeneity with a recovery of 20–30%. The protease has a molecular weight of about 29000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain as shown by gel filtration of native enzyme on calibrated columns of Sephadex G‐150 as well as gel filtration of denaturated enzyme on Sepharose 6‐B in 6 M guanidine‐HCl and dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Peptide maps also suggest a molecular weight around 30000. It is an acidic protein and is rich in aspartic acid and asparagine, but no cysteine or cystine can be detected. The N‐terminal sequence is Val‐Ile‐Leu‐Pro‐Asn‐Asn‐Asp. The enzyme contains no carbohydrate. The protease preferentially hydrolyzes peptide bonds on the carboxyl‐terminal side of glutamic acid. In a few cases aspartoyl bonds were also cleaved. It has no activity towards dipeptides with N‐terminal glutamic acid. The activity was not affected by divalent cations or EDTA, but was completely abolished after incubation with diisopropylfluorophosphate suggesting that the enzyme is a serine protease. The purified enzyme is stable between pH 3 and 10. It has maximum activity between pH 7.5 and 7.8 with casein as substrate and between pH 4.5 and 5.0 with hemoglobin as substrate.