gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Changes during Platelet Storage (1976)

Platelet concentrates (PC) were stored in plastic bags with continuous shaking at 4, 22, and 37 C. Various metabolic parameters were examined over a 72‐hour period. At 22 C, the pH and PO 2 declined over 72 hours while the Pco 2 and lactate increased. Hypotonic shock declined to 70 per cent. This differed from the small amounts of CO 2 and lactate found at 4 C and the marked accumulation of metabolites and almost complete loss of shock response at 37 C. Aggregation was always better maintained with 4 C storage. The toxic effect of the accumulation of metabolites on the platelets was tested by adding lactate to fresh PC at zero time. This was effective in lowering the initial pH, markedly inhibiting the response to aggregation and decreasing the total accumulation of lactate during storage, but did not produce an inhibition of hypotonic shock response. The effect of accumulation of toxic metabolites was further investigated by using 72‐hour plasma and platelets and recombining each of them with fresh preparations. Platelets were tested under degassed conditions to outline the requirements for oxygen and gaseous exchange. Surprisingly, there was less accumulation of lactate and CO 2 and better hypotonic shock response. These experiments have detected various changes in viability markers in platelets that are stored under actual blood bank conditions and indicate that the accumulation of lactate is not totally responsible for the toxic inhibition of platelet performance that is found upon storage at 22 C.
Stabilized Diazonium Salts as Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Air-Borne Phenols and Amines. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilized Diazonium Salts as Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Air-Borne Phenols and Amines.G. A. LuggCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 7, 899–904Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60200a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60200a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Curve-fitting Calibration Method applied for Ultrasonic Flow-meter (2013)

As the influence of fluid distribution in the internal pipe, the measurement characteristics of theory and practice exist significant differences in Ultrasonic Flow-meter(USF). Through analysis of fluid state, the method of curve-fitting is applied for the calibration of USF. Experimental results show that the USF can achieve level-1 accuracy with just a correction of 5 flow points, and this method performs a low computational complexity and strong practicality. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3392
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Potential New Treatments (2017)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver disorders worldwide. It is associated with clinical states such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, and covers a wide range of liver changes, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic disorders, such as lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but the underlying mechanisms, including those that drive disease progression, are not fully understood. Both innate and recruited immune cells mediate the development of insulin resistance and NASH. Therefore, modifying the polarization of resident and recruited macrophage/Kupffer cells is expected to lead to new therapeutic strategies in NAFLD. Oxidative stress is also pivotal for the progression of NASH, which has generated interest in carotenoids as potent micronutrient antioxidants in the treatment of NAFLD. In addition to their antioxidative function, carotenoids regulate macrophage/Kupffer cell polarization and thereby prevent NASH progression. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, including macrophage/Kupffer cell polarization, and disturbed hepatic function in NAFLD. We also discuss dietary antioxidants, such as β-cryptoxanthin and astaxanthin, that may be effective in the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
FIB-4 (2007)

For values outside 1.45-3.25, the FIB-4 index is a simple, accurate, and inexpensive method for assessing liver fibrosis and proved to be concordant with FibroTest results.
Mechanics of six-legged runners (1990)

ABSTRACT Six-legged pedestrians, cockroaches, use a running gait during locomotion. The gait was defined by measuring ground reaction forces and mechanical energy fluctuations of the center of mass in Blaberus discoidalis (Serville) as they travelled over a miniature force platform. These six-legged animals produce horizontal and vertical ground-reaction patterns of force similar to those found in two-, four-and eight-legged runners. Lateral forces were less than half the vertical force fluctuations. At speeds between 0.08 and 0.66 ms−1, horizontal kinetic and gravitational potential energy changes were in phase. This pattern of energy fluctuation characterizes the bouncing gaits used by other animals that run. Blaberus discoidalis attained a maximum sustainable stride frequency of 13 Hz at 0.35 ms-1, the same speed and frequency predicted for a mammal of the same mass. Despite differences in body form, the mass-specific energy used to move the center of mass a given distance (0.9 J kg−1 m−1) was the same for cockroaches, ghost crabs, mammals and birds. Similarities in force production, stride frequency and mechanical energy production during locomotion suggest that there may be common design constraints in terrestrial locomotion which scale with body mass and are relatively independent of body form, leg number and skeletal type.
Automotive Composite Structures for Crashworthiness (2013)

This chapter investigates the potential benefits of composite materials in a crash considering the changing landscape of safety and sustainability requirements. The current state of the art for traffic safety, and more specifically passive safety, is studied and current safety requirements are highlighted. During a crash incidence the body in white (BIW) of a vehicle must protect the passengers and other crash partners, and reduce the crash severity by allowing controlled energy dissipation through structure deformation. With the advent of more and more batteries in hybrids and electric vehicles, passive safety requirements are likely to change for both side and rear crashes. Composite materials may offer many potential benefits for improving crashworthiness. Most of the work in composite materials for crash applications has focused on several key metrics to access the relative performance of a given structure for energy absorption.
The fabrication of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with semiconductors as the source and drain contact materials (2009)

Sb(2)Te(3) and Bi(2)Te(2)Se semiconductor materials were used as the source and drain contact materials in the fabrication of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). Ultra-purified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were ultrasonically dispersed in N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent. Dielectrophoresis was used to deposit and align SWCNTs for fabrication of CNTFETs. The Sb(2)Te(3)- and Bi(2)Te(2)Se-based CNTFETs demonstrate p-type metal-oxide-silicon-like I-V curves with high on/off drain-source current ratio at large drain-source voltages and good saturation of drain-source current with increasing drain-source voltage. The fabrication process developed is novel and has general meaning, and could be used for the fabrication of SWCNT-based integrated devices and systems with semiconductor contact materials.
The effects of noise on Occam's inversion of resistivity tomography data (1996)

Abstract An Occam's inversion algorithm for crosshole resistivity data that uses a finite-element method forward solution is discussed. For the inverse algorithm, the earth is discretized into a series of parameter blocks, each containing one or more elements. The Occam's inversion finds the smoothest 2-D model for which the Chi-squared statistic equals an a priori value. Synthetic model data are used to show the effects of noise and noise estimates on the resulting 2-D resistivity images. Resolution of the images decreases with increasing noise. The reconstructions are underdetermined so that at low noise levels the images converge to an asymptotic image, not the true geoelectrical section. If the estimated standard deviation is too low, the algorithm cannot achieve an adequate data fit, the resulting image becomes rough, and irregular artifacts start to appear. When the estimated standard deviation is larger than the correct value, the resolution decreases substantially (the image is too smooth). The same effects are demonstrated for field data from a site near Livermore, California. However, when the correct noise values are known, the Occam's results are independent of the discretization used. A case history of monitoring at an enhanced oil recovery site is used to illustrate problems in comparing successive images over time from a site where the noise level changes. In this case, changes in image resolution can be misinterpreted as actual geoelectrical changes. One solution to this problem is to perform smoothest, but non-Occam's, inversion on later data sets using parameters found from the background data set.
Learning Problem-Agnostic Speech Representations from Multiple Self-Supervised Tasks (2019)

Learning good representations without supervision is still an open issue in machine learning, and is particularly challenging for speech signals, which are often characterized by long sequences with a complex hierarchical structure. Some recent works, however, have shown that it is possible to derive useful speech representations by employing a self-supervised encoder-discriminator approach. This paper proposes an improved self-supervised method, where a single neural encoder is followed by multiple workers that jointly solve different self-supervised tasks. The needed consensus across different tasks naturally imposes meaningful constraints to the encoder, contributing to discover general representations and to minimize the risk of learning superficial ones. Experiments show that the proposed approach can learn transferable, robust, and problem-agnostic features that carry on relevant information from the speech signal, such as speaker identity, phonemes, and even higher-level features such as emotional cues. In addition, a number of design choices make the encoder easily exportable, facilitating its direct usage or adaptation to different problems.
Yeast surface display of CD154 (2012)

The CD154 (CD40L) is a member of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family that plays a crucial role in regulation of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity by activating antigen presenting cells (APCs). Previously, studies in the laboratory demonstrated that yeast surface display system allows the expression of biologically functional antigen, such as subunit HA, against influenza virus. Yeast surface display system seems to be an excellent system to be utilized to develop anti-influenza virus vaccine. Thus, it is of interest to study the adjuvant function of CD154 on the subunit HA vaccine against influenza virus. In this project, the CD154 encoding gene was isolated from mouse spleen tissue and sub-cloned into a yeast cell surface protein display vector. Display of CD154 on yeast surface was investigated and confirmed through immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and flow cytometric analysis. To elevate high level display of CD154 on yeast surface, the time course of CD154 surface display was determined and used for optimizing the yeast expression system. This work laid out the foundation for using CD154 as an adjuvant for recombinant yeast influenza vaccines. The adjuvant effect of yeast surface displayed CD154 is now tested in animal studies in this laboratory.
Enhanced Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Spatial Learning in Aged 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Knock-Out Mice (2007)

Glucocorticoids are pivotal in the maintenance of memory and cognitive functions as well as other essential physiological processes including energy metabolism, stress responses, and cell proliferation. Normal aging in both rodents and humans is often characterized by elevated glucocorticoid levels that correlate with hippocampus-dependent memory impairments. 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) amplifies local intracellular ("intracrine") glucocorticoid action; in the brain it is highly expressed in the hippocampus. We investigated whether the impact of 11beta-HSD1 deficiency in knock-out mice (congenic on C57BL/6J strain) on cognitive function with aging reflects direct CNS or indirect effects of altered peripheral insulin-glucose metabolism. Spatial learning and memory was enhanced in 12 month "middle-aged" and 24 month "aged" 11beta-HSD1(-/-) mice compared with age-matched congenic controls. These effects were not caused by alterations in other cognitive (working memory in a spontaneous alternation task) or affective domains (anxiety-related behaviors), to changes in plasma corticosterone or glucose levels, or to altered age-related pathologies in 11beta-HSD1(-/-) mice. Young 11beta-HSD1(-/-) mice showed significantly increased newborn cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, but this was not maintained into aging. Long-term potentiation was significantly enhanced in subfield CA1 of hippocampal slices from aged 11beta-HSD1(-/-) mice. These data suggest that 11beta-HSD1 deficiency enhances synaptic potentiation in the aged hippocampus and this may underlie the better maintenance of learning and memory with aging, which occurs in the absence of increased neurogenesis.
Nucleation and Growth of Electroless Nickel Deposits on Molybdenum Activated with Palladium (1984)

Early stages of electroless nickel plating from an ammoniacal hypophosphite solution of pH 8.8 at 50°C with palladium‐activated Mo were investigated using TEM and SEM, potential measurements, and LSV. It was shown that activation of molybdenum in a solution resulted in the formation of palladium islands on the substrate. In the plating solution, the nickel deposition took place simultaneously, but it took place independently on the palladium islands and on the molybdenum substrate. It was concluded that the nickel deposition on the molybdenum substrate occurred upon a thin layer of nickel, electrolytically deposited during a spontaneous potential shift. The role of the palladium islands was to catalyze electrooxidation of hypophosphite and induce the potential shift. A potential arrest at −0.7V vs. SCE was observed on the palladium with a concomitant decrease in the oxidation rate of hypophosphite. This phenomenon was ascribed to competitive adsorption of hydrogen and possibly to poisoning of the palladium by a hydride . In systems of palladium with molybdenum and palladium with nickel, a synergistic effect of small amounts of one metal on the catalytic activity of the other was observed.
A Compact Wideband Microstrip Crossover (2012)

In this letter, a planar microstrip crossover junction is presented. The conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CB-CPW) structure with vias is employed as the core part of the crossover design. The dimensions of the CB-CPW crossover itself are 11.3 × 11.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Two kinds of the transitions between the microstrip line (MSL) and the CB-CPW structure are merged into a double side print circuit board. This presented crossover junction has a bandwidth from 10 up to 6000 MHz for 20 dB return loss, 1 dB insertion loss and -20 dB isolation. Compared with the other designs, this planar crossover features wide bandwidth and compact configuration.
Effects of sodium azide and methyl bromide on soil bacterial populations, enzymic activities and other biological variables (1979)

Abstract The application of a granular formulation of sodium azide (Smite 8G), to pine nursery beds at rates of 0, 22.4, 67.2 and 134.5 kg active ingredient ha −1 under water seal or plastic seal, was compared over a 1‐year period with methyl bromide, applied at a rate of 650 kg ha −1 , to determine the effects of soil bacterial populations, soil enzymic activities, development of mycorrhizal roots, weed population and incidence of root diseases. Bacterial populations at 24 days after treatment had increased in proportion to the amount of sodium azide added; however, highest numbers of bacteria were recorded from the methyl bromide‐treated plot. At the last sampling date no significant differences were observed in bacterial populations among treatments. Neither sodium azide nor methyl bromide caused permanent changes in soil enzymic activities or adversely affected mycorrhizal root development on pine seedlings. Sodium azide at 134.5 kg ha −1 and methyl bromide both significantly decreased the number of Cyperus spp. plants in plots; however, the number of pine seedlings exhibiting a root disease was highest in plots receiving these treatments.
A Novel Performance Evaluation and Optimization Model for Big Data System (2016)

In recent years, the development of Internet enables the rapid growth of global data volume, the arrival of the era of big data has brought great challenges to the traditional computing. Big Data systems, such as hadoop, spark, are becoming important platforms to handle big data, but due to design flaws of big data application itself, and unreasonable distributed framework configuration, the performance of the applications in big data system is difficult to achieve peak speed of computer theory, so how to locate performance bottleneck of big data system and analyze the bottleneck causes is worthy of research. In this paper, a 5-layer performance evaluation model for big data system is proposed, which is a reliable basis for performance analysis, and at the same time, a performance optimization model for big data system is also proposed, which can assist performance bottleneck location and bottleneck analysis, and further optimize performance. Based on these two performance models, an event-based performance tool to profile performance data is implemented. Experimental results show that these two performance models are effective for performance evaluation and optimization of big data system, which can improve average running time of big data system by 19%.
Positive Homotropic Allosteric Receptors for Neutral Guests: Annulated Tetrathiafulvalene–Calix[4]pyrroles as Colorimetric Chemosensors for Nitroaromatic Explosives (2009)

The study of positive homotropic allosterism in supramolecular receptors is important for elucidating design strategies that can lead to increased sensitivity in various molecular recognition applications. In this work, the cooperative relationship between tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-calix[4]pyrroles and several nitroaromatic guests is examined. The design and synthesis of new annulated TTF-calix[4]pyrrole receptors with the goal of rigidifying the system to accommodate better nitroaromatic guests is outlined. These new derivatives, which display significant improvement in terms of binding constants, also display a positive homotropic allosteric relationship, as borne out from the sigmoidal nature of the binding isotherms and analysis by using the Hill equation, Adair equation, and Scatchard plots. The host-guest complexes themselves have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and studied by means of UV-spectroscopic titrations. Investigations into the electronic nature of the receptors were made by using cyclic voltammetry; this revealed that the binding efficiency was not strictly related to the redox potential of the receptor. On the other hand, this work serves to illustrate how cooperative effects may be used to enhance the recognition ability of TTF-calix[4]pyrrole receptors. It has led to new allosteric systems that function as rudimentary colorimetric chemosensors for common nitroaromatic-based explosives, and which are effective even in the presence of potentially interfering anions.
Improved Detection of Hydrophilic Phosphopeptides Using Graphite Powder Microcolumns and Mass Spectrometry (2004)

A common strategy in proteomics to improve the number and quality of peptides detected by mass spectrometry (MS) is to desalt and concentrate proteolytic digests using reversed phase (RP) chromatography prior to analysis. However, this does not allow for detection of small or hydrophilic peptides, or peptides altered in hydrophilicity such as phosphopeptides. We used microcolumns to compare the ability of RP resin or graphite powder to retain phosphopeptides. A number of standard phosphopeptides and a biologically relevant phosphoprotein, dynamin I, were analyzed. MS revealed that some phosphopeptides did not bind the RP resin but were retained efficiently on the graphite. Those that did bind the RP resin often produced much stronger signals from the graphite powder. In particular, the method revealed a doubly phosphorylated peptide in a tryptic digest of dynamin I purified from rat brain nerve terminals. The detection of this peptide was greatly enhanced by graphite micropurification. Sequencing by tandem MS confirmed the presence of phosphate at both Ser-774 and Ser-778, while a singly phosphorylated peptide was predominantly phosphorylated only on Ser-774. The method further revealed a singly and doubly phosphorylated peptide in dynamin III, analogous to the dynamin I sequence. A pair of dynamin III phosphorylation sites were found at Ser-759 and Ser-763 by tandem MS. The results directly define the in vivo phosphorylation sites in dynamins I and III for the first time. The findings indicate a large improvement in the detection of small amounts of phosphopeptides by MS and the approach has major implications for both small- and large-scale projects in phosphoproteomics.