gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antibacterial Activity of <i>Lucilia sericata</i> Maggot Secretions (2006)

Maggots of the green blowfly, Lucilia sericata, are used as an alternative to surgical intervention and long-term antiseptic therapy for the treatment of chronic wounds. The secretions of maggots are known to have antibacterial properties. To quantify the bactericidal effect of secretions from larvae of L. sericata, an in vitro test model based on the modified European quantitative suspension test (EN 1040) was developed, in which a co-culture of maggots and bacteria (Micrococcus luteus,Escherichia coli, methicillin-sensitive Staphylo-coccus aureus) in tryptic soy broth was tested. The numbers of bacterial colonies with and without maggot exposure were compared after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. The mean log(10) reduction factor (RF) for bacterial elimination per maggot was >4 at all examined times for all tested bacteria. Thus, maggot secretion fulfilled the required definitions of an antiseptic. In addition, the maggots' ability to ingest bacteria was also evaluated. Maggots contained viable bacteria after 48 h of contact with the respective organisms. These maggots also continued excreting bacteria. Therefore, maggots should be disposed of after use as they must be regarded as medical waste.
Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) Mouse as a Model System to Study the Engraftment and Mobilization of Human Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (1998)

Abstract Mobilized CD34+ cells from human peripheral blood (PB) are increasingly used for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. However, the mechanisms involved in the mobilization of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are largely unknown. To study the mobilization of human progenitor cells in an experimental animal model in response to different treatment regimens, we injected intravenously a total of 92 immunodeficient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice with various numbers of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) –mobilized CD34+ PB cells (ranging from 2 to 50 × 106cells per animal). Engraftment of human cells was detectable for up to 6.5 months after transplantation and, depending on the number of cells injected, reached as high as 96% in the bone marrow (BM), displaying an organ-specific maturation pattern of T- and B-lymphoid and myeloid cells. Among the different mobilization regimens tested, human clonogenic cells could be mobilized from the BM into the PB (P= .019) with a high or low dose of human G-CSF, alone or in combination with human stem-cell factor (SCF), with an average increase of 4.6-fold over control. Therefore, xenotransplantation of human cells in NOD/SCID mice will provide a basis to further study the mechanisms of mobilization and the biology of the mobilized primitive human hematopoietic cell.
A Comparison of the WARSIM Object Model with Army Command and Control Data Models (2002)

Abstract : This document was prepared under the Task Order Object Oriented C2 Models for the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31), in support of specific requirements identified by Department of the Army, Office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO/G-6). It was performed in response to a task objective to assess the alignment of data representations between representative Army C41 and modeling and simulation (M&S) systems. Interoperability between Command Control Communications Computers and Intelligence (C41) and Modeling and Simulation (M&S) systems is one of the greatest challenges to the M&S community today. Simulations are a cost-effective component of Army force training and provide testing environments for new systems. Simulations fill a void created when exercises are impractical thereby increasing warfighter preparedness. But training on C41 systems requires an interface between these systems and the simulation system. To use simulations with C41 systems the Army has been developing point-to-point software interlaces. These ad hoc interfaces have failed to yield insights into C41/M&S interoperability. Lacking such insights each software interface is a largely independent effort that wastefully re-implements portions of previous interfaces.
Clinical Efficacy of Meningococcus Group A Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children Three Months to Five Years of Age (1977)

We performed field trials in the course of an epidemic in Finland to learn whether Group A memingococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine protects infants and young children from meningitis. The first trial involved 130,178 children between the ages of three months and five years; 49,295 children received the vaccine, 48,977 received a control Haemophilus influenzae Type b polysaccharide vaccine, and 31.906 remained unvaccinated. No cases of meningitis or sepsis caused by Group A meningococci were seen in the first year of observation among the children vaccinated with meningococcal vaccine whereas six occurred among those vaccinated with the H. influenzae vaccine and 13 among those not vaccinated. In the second trial 21,007 children of the same ages received the meningococcal vaccine. No cases caused by Group A occurred among those vaccinated, although five to seven would have been expected within the year. Meningococcal Group A vaccine appears efficacious in young infants and children.
Computational Mechanics: Pattern and Prediction, Structure and Simplicity (1999)

Computational mechanics, an approach to structural complexity, defines a process's causal states and gives a procedure for finding them. We show that the causal-state representation--an $ε$-machine--is the minimal one consistent with accurate prediction. We establish several results on $ε$-machine optimality and uniqueness and on how $ε$-machines compare to alternative representations. Further results relate measures of randomness and structural complexity obtained from $ε$-machines to those from ergodic and information theories.
Predictive value of neuromarkers supported by a set of clinical criteria in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase on trial (2013)

The study included 107 head trauma patients with a mean age of 59 ± 23 years. Twenty-five patients (23.4%) had traumatic lesions on CT. Eight patients underwent craniotomy. The analysis provided a model with good overall accuracy for discriminating cases with clinically important brain injury, including the 6 variables of S100B, NSE, nausea, amnesia, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88 (0.83-0.93). The receiver operating characteristic curve plots detecting clinically important brain injury for the single variables of S100B and NSE showed an AUC of 0.63 and 0.64, respectively. Conclusions The integration of the neuromarker panel as part of a diagnostic rule including the high-risk factors of nausea, vomiting, amnesia, and loss of consciousness is safe and reliable in determining a diagnosis, pending the availability of more brain-specific neuromarkers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NO.: NCT00622778 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Adaptive force control of single-link mechanism with joint flexibility (1991)

An adaptive force control, scheme is presented that enables a single-link mechanism with joint flexibility to track a desired force trajectory. A dynamic model of the link system is derived, based on which a two-stage controller is constructed. It is shown that although all the system parameters including environment stiffness are unknown except for some of their bounds, all signals inside the closed-loop system remain uniformly bounded. Moreover, the force tracking error is driven to zero asymptotically. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, Second Edition (2004)

Most maxillofacial AciCC are located in the parotid gland. It is difficult to distinguish AciCC from benign tumors with conventional MRI in morphology. The ADC value of AciCC is lower than that of benign tumors, and the type of TIC curve is mostly type Ⅱ. Combination of morphology and functional imaging can improve the diagnostic accuracy of this disease.
Management of late leaf spot of groundnut ( <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> ) with chlorothalonil‐tolerant isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2005)

Fifteen groundnut‐associated bacterial isolates that inhibited by > 90% the in vitro conidial germination of Phaeoisariopsis personata , causal agent of late leaf spot disease of groundnut, were applied as a prophylactic spray (10 8 cfu mL −1 ) and tested for control of the disease in the glasshouse. Two groundnut seed‐associated bacterial isolates, GSE 18 and GSE 19, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , reduced the lesion frequency (LF) by up to 70%. A 90‐day‐old peat‐based formulation of P. aeruginosa GSE 18 reduced LF measured 15 days postinoculation by up to 60%. Both P. aeruginosa GSE 18 and GSE 19 were tolerant to chlorothalonil (Kavach®) up to 2000 µ g mL −1 in LB broth. In glasshouse trials, GSE 18 and GSE 19 tested in combination with reduced concentrations of chlorothalonil were highly efficient in management of the disease. The disease was completely controlled by chlorothalonil (> 250 µ g mL −1 ), and in the presence of GSE 18 or GSE 19, 100 µ g mL −1 chlorothalonil was equally effective. Application of rifamycin‐resistant mutants of GSE 18 or GSE 19 together with chlorothalonil significantly increased the survival of these isolates in the groundnut phylloplane. In the field, a combination of GSE 18 and 500 µ g mL −1 chlorothalonil reduced disease severity comparable to 2000 µ g mL −1 chlorothalonil alone. Use of chlorothalonil‐tolerant pseudomonads together with a quarter concentration of the recommended field dose of chlorothalonil doubled pod yield compared with the untreated unsprayed control.
Use of Salmonella phage P22 for transduction in Escherichia coli (1993)

A cosmid (pPR1347) carrying both the rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of a Salmonella group B serovar has been constructed; Escherichia coli K-12 strains carrying this cosmid produce long-chain O antigen, are sensitive to phage P22, and can be transduced by P22. Some of the benefits of P22 transduction are now available for studying E. coli and potentially other genera.
Grafting of polycaprolactone onto poly(ethylene‐<i>co</i>‐vinyl alcohol) and application to polyethylene‐based bioerodable blends (2002)

Abstract Poly(ethylene‐ co ‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) powders containing 10 and 20 wt % of vinyl acetate (VAc) units was saponified in ethanol/KOH solution in a heterogeneous manner. Intermolecular interaction between vinyl alcohol(VOH) units in the produced poly(ethylene‐ co ‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) promoted the crystallization of intervening segments composed of ethylene units. Ring opening polymerization of caprolactone (CL) in the presence of EVOH gave EVOH‐ g ‐PCL graft copolymers with relatively short chain branches. Even though the graft copolymerization was carried out in a homogeneous solution, all the VOH units were not equally reactive for the PCL grafting. And the unreacted VOH units decreased very slowly with the graft copolymerization time. EVOH‐ g ‐PCL decreased the domain size of the dispersed phase in low density polyethylene (PE)/biodegradable master batch (MB) blends, and thus increased their tensile properties significantly. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2561–2569, 2002
Long-Term Preservation of Fungal Isolates in Commercially Prepared Cryogenic Microbank Vials (2004)

ABSTRACT Since 1994, 6,198 yeasts and 391 molds belonging to 25 and 37 species, respectively, were stored in Microbank cryogenic vials at ≥−130°C in liquid nitrogen and at −70°C in a freezer. All of the isolates, with the exception of 45 yeasts and 15 dermatophytes, were recovered from both storage temperatures. Good reproducibility was demonstrated for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole MICs determined for random isolates.
Fabrication of nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings for higher-order dispersion compensation (2002)

Summary form only given. Higher-order dispersion compensation is essential for high-speed optical fiber transmission systems operating at over 100 Gbit/s. Third-order dispersion (TOD) compensators operating around zero second-order dispersion have been proposed using planar lightwave circuits. However, these devices were only narrow band. In this paper, we show that it is possible to construct a broadband TOD compensator by using a combination of two nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings. We designed phase-mask patterns and fabricated gratings from these patterns. The group delay characteristics are presented.
Acoustic Wave Propagation in TeO2 Single Crystal (1972)

Acoustic phase velocity surfaces and ray directions in paratellurite, TeO2, have been calculated. Characteristic features of the wave propagation in this highly anisotropic medium have been optically confirmed using the shadow method and Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction technique. A small misalignment of the wave normal direction has been found to degrade seriously the performance characteristics of acoustic or acousto-optical devices composed of a highly anisotropic medium such as TeO2. The existence of the transverse mode with a zero temperature coefficient of velocity has been also confirmed by the present calculation and experiment.
The synthesis of polyesters containing a nonrandomly placed highly polar repeating unit (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of polyesters containing a nonrandomly placed highly polar repeating unitG. David Green, Joseph I. Weinschenk III, J. E. Mulvaney, and H. K. Hall Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 4, 722–726Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00170a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00170a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ethers as Efficient Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Aldehydes and Nitroalkenes (2005)

Die direkte, katalytische, asymmetrische Michael-Addition von Aldehyden an Nitroolefine in Gegenwart eines chiralen Diphenylprolinolsilylether-Organokatalysators (siehe Schema) liefert hoch syn-diastereoselektiv die gewünschten 1,4-Addukte in nahezu optisch reiner Form und guter Ausbeute. TMS=Trimethylsilyl.
Digital predistortion challenges in the context of software defined transmitters (2011)

This paper discusses the challenges associated with the application of the digital predistortion (DPD) technique in the context of software defined transmitters. Given the importance of the DPD technique for compensating for the sources of distortions, and consequently improving the tradeoff between the linearity and the power efficiency, this paper examines the sensitivity of two DPD schemes, namely Memory Polynomial and the Two Hidden Layer Artificial Neural Networks, to the frequent changes in the characteristics (such as the modulation bandwidth, probability density function, peak-to-average power ratio) of the software-defined transmitters' input signals.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lactoferrin and Its Mechanism Involved (2008)

Lactoferrin (LF) shows antimicrobial activity on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, especially the former. The antimicrobial effect improves with decrease of the iron saturation decreases. The change in pH values could affect the inhibition capability of Gram-positive bacteria but not of Gram-negative strains, while the optimum antibacterial effects are found to be pH 7.5～8.0. The bacteriostatic effects increase with higher concentration of bicarbonate, but decrease with addition of citrate and cation. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis of the secondary structure of LF showed that α-helix is transformed to β-sheet with increase of iron saturation, and the arrangement of molecular becomes better arranging in order and the structure of protein becomes more compact. DSC results indicated that the difference in the heat sensitivity between N-lobe and C-lobe is caused by the difference of the iron-binding capacity of the two lobes. The higher antibacterial activity with less iron-saturation is resulted from C-lobe.
Investigation of a Ground-based Optical Observation System for LEO Objects (2014)

We have examined the possibilities of a ground-based optical observation system for monitoring LEO objects. Simulations and a test observation showed that two longitudinally separate observation sites with arrays of optical sensors can detect many LEO objects 30 cm in size and precisely determine their orbit. The proposed optical survey system may complement or replace the current radar observation system for LEO objects monitoring in the near future.
A FINEST TIME QUANTUM FOR IMPROVING SHORTEST REMAINING BURST ROUND ROBIN (SRBRR) ALGORITHM (2013)

Round Robin (RR) performs optimally in timeshared systems because each process is given an equal amount of static time quantum. But the effectiveness of RR algorithm solely depends upon the choice of time quantum. I have made a comprehensive study and analysis of RR algorithm and SRBRR algorithm. I have proposed an improved version of SRBRR (Shortest Remaining Burst Round Robin) by assigning the processor to processes with shortest remaining burst in round robin manner using the best possible time quantum. Time quantum is computed with the help of median and highest burst time. My experimental analysis shows that ISRBRR performs better than RR algorithm and SRBRR in terms of reducing the number of context switches, average waiting time and average turnaround time.
Electron Spectroscopic Determination of Electronic Structures of Phosphorus-Doped n-Type Heteroepitaxial Diamond (001) Surface and Junction (2012)

A phosphorus (P)-doped n-type heteroepitaxial diamond (001) sample was grown in a DC-plasma chemical-vapor-deposition chamber. The crystalline properties of incorporated phosphorus were examined by cathode luminescence. Hall-effect measurement of the sample was performed for the temperature range of 293–870 K. The results of these measurements showed that the bulk properties of the n-type sample are comparable to those of previously reported homoepitaxial P-doped n-type diamond (001) samples. The work function of the heteroepitaxial sample was measured by photoemission electron microspectroscopy. The Fermi-level positions at the surface and at a Au Schottky junction of the sample were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Knowing the bulk properties and the critical values of the energy band structure, the whole energy band diagrams at the surface and at the Schottky junction of the sample were evaluated by solving the Poisson equation. The resulting surface electronic structure of the sample was qualitatively different from those of the previously reported H-terminated P-doped n-type diamond (111) surface and heavily P-doped H- and O-terminated diamond (111) surfaces. The presence of ∼0.02 ML of Sn impurity is tentatively ascribed to the peculiarity of the surface electronic structure of the heteroepitaxial sample. The Schottky barrier height of ∼4.2 eV determined for the present sample was consistent with those of previously reported n-type diamond (111) and (001) samples. It is noted that the Schottky barrier height may be determined by the Fermi-level pinning states at the junctions irrespective of the type of dopant to diamond.
Phosphorylation of the <i>C</i>-terminal domain of the Na+/H+ exchanger by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (1992)

The Na+/H+ exchanger is a pH-regulatory protein that extrudes one H+ ion in exchange for one Na+ ion when intracellular pH declines. A number of studies have shown phorbol ester stimulation of activity in intact cells, leading to the idea that the exchanger is regulated by protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation in vivo. cDNA encoding the protein has been cloned, and a recent model suggests a large internal cytoplasmic C-terminal domain that may be a site of regulation of the exchanger [Sardet, Franchi & Pouyssegur (1989) Cell 56, 271-280]. We examined this region of the protein using a rabbit cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger cDNA clone. cDNA of the Na+/H+ exchanger, coding for the C-terminal 178 amino acid residues, was cloned into the expression vector pEX-1 and expressed as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase. The fusion protein reacted with an antibody produced against a synthetic peptide of the C-terminal 13 amino acid residues of the Na+/H+ exchanger, confirming the identity of the expressed protein. Control and experimental pEX-1-Na+/H+ exchanger protein was purified on a p-aminophenyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside-agarose column. Purified Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II readily phosphorylated the Na+/H+ exchanger protein in a Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent manner in vitro, but this region of the protein was not a substrate for purified protein kinase C or for the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Control-expressed beta-galactosidase was phosphorylated to a maximal level of 0.77 +/- 0.17 mol of Pi/mol (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6) whereas the fusion protein was phosphorylated to a maximal level of 4.09 +/- 0.39 mol of Pi/mol (n = 6), suggesting one site of phosphorylation in beta-galactosidase and three in the C-terminal domain of the Na+/H+ exchanger. Examination of the deduced amino acid sequence of this part of the exchanger reveals three consensus sequences for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. These results suggest that the exchanger may be directly regulated in vivo by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II but not by protein kinase C or cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
Differentiation of neuroepithelial stem cells into functional dopaminergic neurons in 3D microfluidic cell culture (2015)

A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. We derived human neuroepithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells and successfully differentiated them into dopaminergic neurons within phase-guided, three-dimensional microfluidic cell culture bioreactors. After 30 days of differentiation within the microfluidic bioreactors, in situ morphological, immunocytochemical and calcium imaging confirmed the presence of dopaminergic neurons that were spontaneously electrophysiologically active, a characteristic feature of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Differentiation was as efficient as in macroscopic culture, with up to 19% of differentiated neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase, the penultimate enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine. This new microfluidic cell culture model integrates the latest innovations in developmental biology and microfluidic cell culture to generate a biologically realistic and economically efficient route to personalised drug discovery for Parkinson's disease.