gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mesenchymal component of hair follicle neogenesis: background, methods and molecular characterization (2009)

Hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration occur by an extensive and collaborative crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal skin components. A series of pioneering studies, which revealed an indispensable role of follicular dermal papilla and dermal sheath cells in this crosstalk, has led workers in the field to study in detail the anatomical distribution, functional properties, and molecular signature of the trichogenic dermal cells. The purpose of this paper was to provide a practical summary of the development and recent advances in the study of trichogenic dermal cells. Following a short review of the relevant literature, the methods for isolating and culturing these cells are summarized. Next, the bioassays, both in vivo and in vitro, that enable the evaluation of trichogenic properties of tested dermal cells are described in detail. A list of trichogenic molecular markers identified by those assays is also provided. Finally, this methods review is completed by defining some of the major questions needing resolution.
Kinetic Studies of Amyloid β-Protein Fibril Assembly (2002)

Amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) fibril assembly is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Fibril formation is a complex nucleation-dependent polymerization process characterized in vitro by an initial lag phase. To a significant degree, this phase is a consequence of the energy barrier that must be overcome in order for Abeta monomers to fold and oligomerize into fibril nuclei. Here we show that low concentrations of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) convert predominately unstructured Abeta monomers into partially ordered, quasistable conformers. Surprisingly, this results in a temporal decrease in the lag phase for fibril formation and a significant increase in the rate of fibril elongation. The TFE effect is concentration dependent and is maximal at approximately 20% (v/v). In the presence of low concentrations of TFE, fibril formation is observed in Abeta samples at nanomolar concentration, well below the critical concentration for Abeta fibril formation in the absence of TFE. As the amount of TFE is increased above 20%, helix content progressively rises to approximately 80%, a change paralleled first by a decrease in elongation rate and then by a complete cessation of fibril growth. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a partially folded helix-containing conformer is an intermediate in Abeta fibril assembly. The requirement that Abeta partially folds in order to assemble into fibrils contrasts with the mechanism of amyloidogenesis of natively folded proteins such as transthyretin and lysozyme, in which partial unfolding is a prerequisite. Our results suggest that in vivo, factors that affect helix formation and stability will have significant effects on the kinetics of Abeta fibril formation.
Three-dimensional seismic modeling (1970)

Abstract Record sections from three-dimensional acoustic models often contain diffracted events not predictable by classical raypath theory. Several observed and calculated record sections from models of typical geologic structures such as synclines, anticlines, and faults verify this diffraction phenomenon. A careful interpretation of the character and moveout of these diffracted events is required to delineate certain portions of the geologic structures.A far-field approximation of the retarded potential equation is suitable for direct time-domain evaluation and is used to synthesize the calculated sections. The excellent comparisons between the calculated and observed record sections suggest that the mathematical modeling technique can be a useful tool for enhancing field interpretations.
Analysis and optimization of a Novel High Voltage Striped STI-LDMOS Transistor on SOI CMOS Technology (2015)

This paper analyses the static and dynamic characteristics of a novel n-type lateral-double-diffused MOS (LDMOS) with a striped Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) structure – called Striped STI-LDMOS – for switching applications in the 100-150 voltage range by means of 3D TCAD numerical simulations. The proposed structure based on a 0.18µm SOI CMOS technology and defined with STI strips and gate field plate fingers located on top of the defined STI, exhibits much lower gate-to-drain (CGD) capacitances and gate charge (Qg) and a better electrical safe operating area (SOA) as compared with a conventional STI-LDMOS counterpart.
Computer-Controlled Spectral Measurements of Blood Cells (1979)

A Zeiss scanning microscope photometer with a monochro-mator was assembled and interfaced with a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-12 computer to form an automated single-beam microspectrophotometer for making spatial and particularly spectral scans of Romanowsky-stained blood cells. The spectra, covering 400-700 nm, are stored on tape for subsequent data processing. The limitations on the accuracy and precision of the measurements are discussed. Photo-metric precision was limited by ±1% peak-to-peak fluctuations associated with the source and with mechanical instability. However, in strong absorption bands digitization error predominated. These random errors were reduced by time-averaging of multiple sampling points, and by averaging data for several cells. Photometric accuracy was limited by stray light, which produced an apparent transmittance of 0.014 for an 8-μm-square opaque object. Distributional error was found to be 6.6% in a neutrophil nucleus. Spectra were obtained for 24 cells each for nucleus and cytoplasm of neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, and for erythrocytes. Six blood specimens were used. The biological variability in absorbance produced ±17% coefficient of variation for cytoplasm and erythrocytes and ±7% for nuclei. The spectra are interpreted on the basis of metachromatic and nonmetachromatic thiazine absorption peaks, the eosin absorption peak, and unresolved eosin-thiazine peaks.
Optimal prediction for prefetching in the worst case (1994)

Response time delays caused by I/O is a major problem in many systems and database applications. Prefetching and cache-replacement methods are attracting renewed attention because of their success in avoiding costly I/Os. Prefetching can be looked upon as a type of online sequential prediction, where the predictions must be accurate as well as made in a computationally efficient way. Unlike other online problems, prefetching cannot admit a competitive analysis, since the optimal offline prefetcher incurs no cost when it knows the future page requests. Previous analytical work on prefetching [ViK] consisted of modeling the user as a probabilistic Markov source. In this paper, we look at the much stronger form of worst-case analysis and derive a randomized algorithm that we prove analytically {\em converges almost surely to the optimal fault rate in the worst case for every sequence of page requests\/} with respect to the important class of finite state prefetchers. In particular, we make no assumption about how the sequence of page requests is generated. This analysis model can be looked upon as a generalization of the competitive framework, in that it compares an online algorithm in a worst-case manner over all sequences against a powerful yet non-clairvoyant opponent. We simultaneously achieve the computational goal of implementing our prefetcher in optimal constant expected time per prefetched page, using the optimal dynamic discrete random variate generator of [MVN].
Analytical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in a Tube Filled with Double-Layer Porous Media (2020)

The heat transfer and entropy generation in a tube filled with double-layer porous media are analytically investigated. The wall of the tube is subjected to a constant heat flux. The Darcy-Brinkman model is utilized to describe the fluid flow, and the local thermal non-equilibrium model is employed to establish the energy equations. The solutions of the temperature and velocity distributions are analytically derived and validated in limiting case. The analytical solutions of the local and total entropy generation, as well as the Nusselt number, are further derived to analyze the performance of heat transfer and irreversibility of the tube. The influences of the Darcy number, the Biot number, the dimensionless interfacial radius, and the thermal conductivity ratio, on flow and heat transfer are discussed. The results indicate, for the first time, that the Nusselt number for the tube filled with double-layer porous media can be larger than that for the tube filled with single layer porous medium, while the total entropy generation rate for the tube filled with double-layer porous media can be less than that for the tube filled with single layer porous medium. And the dimensionless interfacial radius corresponding to the maximum value of the Nusselt number is different from that corresponding to the minimum value of the total entropy generation rate.
Applying an International Innovation to Help U.S. Children: The Child Welfare Ombudsman. (1995)

Our society is failing to protect its children and fails them even more once they are in crisis.* So began a 1993 report of the American Bar Association's Presidential Working Group on the Unmet Legal Needs of Children and Their Families. That report calls for refocusing national public policy to support families so that children can be safe with the parents they know and love, while maintaining a safe system of alternative residential care for those children who must be removed
An ocularist's approach to human iris synthesis (2003)

We have a particularly fortunate situation in iris synthesis: artificial eye makers (ocularists) have developed a procedure for physical iris synthesis that results in eyes with all the important appearance characteristics of real eyes. They have refined this procedure over decades,and the performance of their products in the real world completely validates the approach. Our approach lets users (other than trained ocularists) create a realistic looking human eye, paying particular attention to the iris. We draw from domain knowledge provided by ocularists to provide a toolkit that composes a human iris by layering semitransparent textures. These textures look decidedly painted and unrealistic. The composited result, however, provides a sense of depth to the iris and takes on a level of realism that we believe others have not previously achieved. Prior work on rendering eyes has concentrated predominantly on producing geometry for facial animation or for medical applications. Some work has focused on accurately modeling the cornea. In contrast, the goal of our work is the easy creation of realistic looking irises for both the ocular prosthetics and entertainment industries.
The clinical observation of different blood purification treatment to refractory hypertension in end stage renal disease (2012)

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of various blood purification methods in combination therapy in hemodialysis patients with refractory hypertension.Methods 60 patients with end stage renal disease refractory hypertension were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,the hemodialysis group (HD),treatment group were divided into 3 groups:combined Hemodialysis hemodiafiltration group (HD + HDF),blood dialysis on blood perfusion group (HD + HP),blood dialysis and hemodiafiltration and then combined blood perfusion group(HD + HP + HP),Observe before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment blood pressure and rennin-angiotensin (RA),angiotensin (Ang Ⅱ),Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level.Results Before treatment,the observation indexes were no significant differences control group and treatment group,before and after treatment showed significant change both in the observation indexes,blood pressure and RA,AngⅡ,iPTH levels were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).the three treatment groups compared with the control group blood pressure and Ang Ⅱ,iPTH levels were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),in the treatment group HD+ HDF+ Hp group and HD + HP group,HD + HDF group after treatment compared,blood pressure and RA,Ang Ⅱ,iPTH levels were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Based on the maintenance of the treatment of hemodialysis combined hemodiafiltration and blood perfusion can effectively control refractory end stage renal disease hypertension.

Key words: 
Hemodialysis;  Hemodiafiltration;  Blood perfusion;  End stage renal disease; Refractory hypertension
Distributed Versus Co-Located Mimo Systems with Correlated Fading and Shadowing (2006)

MIMO communications has been a highly active research area recently due to its remarkable capacity potential. The predicted capacity gain is nonetheless greatly limited in realistic propagation scenarios, especially when the number of antennas becomes large. This motivates us to investigate a generalized paradigm for multiple-antenna communications, called distributed MIMO, which has the potential to address many of the problems inherent in conventional co-located MIMO systems. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantages of distributed MIMO versus co-located MIMO in correlated fading and shadowing scenarios through asymptotic analysis.
Neural networks and the classification of complex sonar signals (2002)

The author examines the ability of neural networks to extract high-order information from a set of input patterns, and relates this ability to advantages over previous approaches to both active and passive sonar signal classification. The basic computational structure of feedforward neural networks is reviewed and the ability of these networks to extract high-order information from various signals is examined. The hierarchical neural network, is examined as an alternate means of extracting information from highly structured non-Gaussian sonar signals. The promise of dynamic neural networks as an approach to the classification of complex sonar signals is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrical fatigue in ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer films (2010)

In recent years, ferroelectric polymer-based nonvolatile memory devices have attracted much attention due to their advantages over inorganic ferroelectrics. Polarization fatigue is a major problem in ferroelectric memories and seldom studies have been reported in this field. Here we will summarize our recent work on electric fatigue in polymers as well as some of work from the other researchers. Our experimental observations indicated that the injection and the trap of space charges acted a crucial role in the origination of polarization fatigue in ferroelectric polymers.
Memory effects in electrochemically gated metallic point contacts (2012)

Electrochemical gating permits the observation of few-atom processes in contact reconstruction. We monitor the junction conductance during the opening and closing of an atomic-scale metallic contact and use this as an instantaneous probe of the atomic-scale structural switching process. We observe clear correlations in the quantum conductance of a contact in subsequent switching events, demonstrating memory effects at the atomic scale. These experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations which show a conservation of the contact reconstruction process across several switching cycles. These results open a route to electrochemically control few-atom surface reconstruction events with present-day detection capabilities.
Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and apoptosis in hepatocytes (2002)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) prevents hepatocytes from undergoing apoptosis during development and liver regeneration. Mice with inactivated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta die from hepatocyte apoptosis during development due to a defect in NF-kappaB activation (Hoeflich KP, Luo J, Rubie EA, Tsao MS, Jin O, and Woodgett JR. Nature 406: 86-90, 2000). In this study, we determined the role of GSK-3 in TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and cell death in primary hepatocytes. LiCl, an established inhibitor of GSK-3, sensitized primary rat hepatocytes toward TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis resulting in 90% cell death after 24 h. This was accompanied by increased caspase 8-like and 3-like activities, nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering. LiCl treatment had no effect on IkappaB-alpha degradation, IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity, NF-kappaB binding activity, and p65 nuclear import and export, but decreased transcription of the NF-kappaB-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and a NF-kappaB-driven reporter gene. The p65 sequence revealed four potential GSK-3 phosphorylation sites within its COOH-terminal transactivation domains and recombinant GSK-3beta phosphorylated glutathione S-transferase (GST)-p65(354-551), but not GST-p65(1-305) in vitro. These results indicate that GSK-3 protects hepatocytes from TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis through p65 phosphorylation and upregulation of NF-kappaB transactivation.
The optimal loop gain design for the spectral linewidth reduction in an electrical feedback semiconductor laser (1991)

The design of the optimal feedback loop gain for the spectral linewidth reduction in a semiconductor laser with electrical feedback is presented using a model of self-heterodyne type electrical feedback. The results show that the feedback loop gain must be suitably chosen to satisfy the requirement of narrowing linewidth. Due to the influence of AM noise in the feedback process, there is an optimal value for the feedback loop gain to reduce the linewidth for a given feedback condition. The influence of other feedback parameters on the linewidth reduction is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A HREM study of La and Li-modified strontium barium niobate ceramics (1990)

Abstract The incommensurate (INC) modulation and diffuse phase transition (DPT) in La and Li-substituted SBN ceramics have been studied by the high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), TEM and X-ray diffractions, and dielectric constant measurements. INC satellite diffraction patterns in the tetragonal phase along with its images were obtained. Among the interesting features is the appearance of diffraction streaks along <110>. In accordance with the diffraction pattern change with the solute concentration, the HREM image shows the presence of zones (or {110} platelets of an unit cell spacing). These extended defects seem to induce the stabilization of INC phase and at the same time enhance the nature of DPT.
Combined roles of ATP and small hairpin RNA in the activation of RIG-I revealed by solution-based analysis (2017)

RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene-I) is a cytosolic innate immune protein that senses viral dsRNA with a 5'-triphosphate overhang. Upon interaction with dsRNA a de-repression of the RIG-I CARD domains takes place that ultimately leads to the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we investigate the RIG-I conformational rearrangement upon interaction with an activating 5'-triphosphate-10-base pair dsRNA hairpin loop (10bp) compared with a less active 5'-triphosphate-8-base pair dsRNA hairpin loop (8bp). We use size-exclusion chromatography-coupled small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and limited tryptic digest experiments to show that that upon binding to 10 bp, but not 8 bp, RIG-I becomes extended and shows greater flexibility, reflecting the release of its CARDs. We also examined the effect of different ATP analogues on the conformational changes of RIG-I/dsRNA complexes. Of the analogues tested, the addition of ATP transition state analogue ADP-AlFx further assisted in the complete activation of RIG-I in complex with 10bp and also to some extent RIG-I bound to 8bp. Together these data provide solution-based evidence for the molecular mechanism of innate immune signaling by RIG-I as stimulated by short hairpin RNA and ATP.
Superior Cycling Performance of SiO<sub>x</sub>/C Composite with Arrayed Mesoporous Architecture as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

The poor cycling performance due to the huge volume change of Si-based anode materials upon insertion and extraction of lithium ions has severely limited their widespread implementation. To address this issue, SiOx/C composite with arrayed mesoporous architecture, narrow pore size distribution (2–4 nm) and high specific surface area is synthesized via a template assisted hydrothermal route and a carbon-coating process. The uniformly arrayed mesoporous and thin pore walls of SiOx/C composite ensure a fast electrode reaction and provide a self-buffering function during the charge/discharge process, which make the SiOx/C anode have excellent electrochemical properties, including high specific capacity (780 mA h g−1), superior cycling stability (0.02% decay per cycle), and excellent rate capability. This unique structure can be promoted to other high energy electrode materials with a huge volume change.
Mammoth interatrial septal aneurysm in the ICE age (2007)

ICE provides excellent adjuvant imaging during percutaneous closure of intracardiac shunts, in this case demonstrating a 'mammoth' interatrial septal aneurysm.
Towards a location model for indoor navigation support through public displays and mobile devices. (2008)

Indoor navigation differs from outdoor navigation in several significant ways. In particular, precise localization usually requires an expensive infrastructure whereas outdoors, GPS offers an inexpensive and widely available solution. In addition, indoor environments frequently include several floors and can be relatively complex and thus difficult to navigate for people unfamiliar with such buildings. In this paper, we investigate requirements and constraints applicable to a location model to support indoor navigation. We introduce an initial location model and evaluate its use in the context of a deployed public display network (Hermes II). These displays function as dynamic signage to support indoor navigation and can be combined with mobile devices to improve navigation.
MTT Assays (1995)

The MTT calorimetric assay determines the ability of viable cells to convert a soluble tetrazolium salt [3–(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) into an insoluble formazan precipitate. Tetrazolium salts accept electrons from oxidized substrates or appropriate enzymes, such as NADH and NADPH. In particular, MTT is reduced at the ubiquinone and cytochrome b and c sites of the mitochondrial electron transport system and is the result of succinate dehydrogenase activity. This reaction converts the yellow salts to blue-colored formazan crystals that can be dissolved in an organic solvent whose concentration can be spectrophotometrically determined (Fig. 1). Owing to the many advantages of the assay, it is today considered a significant advance over traditional techniques. In fact, it is rapid, versatile, quantitative, and highly reproducible with a low intratest variation between datapoints (±15% SD); it is useful in a large-scale, antitumor drug-screening program (, , ). Moreover, the test can also be used for floating cells, such as leukemias and small cell lung carcinoma, and always allows sufficient time for cell replication, drug-induced cell death, and loss of enzymatic activity, which generates the formazan product from the MTT substrate (). Open image in new window Fig. 1. Absorption spectra of MTT formazan reagent (25 μg/mL) in DMSO (A) and 0.04N HC1/isopropanol (B).