gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre- vs postoperative pharmacologic inhibition of platelets: effect on intimal hyperplasia in canine autogenous vein grafts. (1993)

Several clinical studies have shown that pharmacologic inhibition of platelets can increase the patency of vascular grafts, but only if platelet-inhibition is initiated before surgery. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of pre- vs postoperative platelet-inhibition on the development of intimal hyperplasia in canine autogenous vein grafts. Reversed femoral veins were used to bypass the ligated femoral arteries in 15 dogs. End-to-side anastomoses were constructed. Eleven dogs were treated with aspirin (325 mg QD) and dipyridamole (25 mg BID). In six dogs treatment was begun 48 hours preoperatively and continued for 3 months. In five other dogs treatment was begun 48 hours after surgery and was continued for 3 months. In 4 control dogs no antiplatelet treatment was given. Excision of the vein grafts 3 months after surgery disclosed reduced intimal hyperplasia (p < 0.05) in the grafts excised from all of the treated animals as compared with those obtained from the control animals. However, there was no difference in intimal hyperplasia observed in the dogs treated both pre- and postoperatively (11 grafts) as compared with those treated only postoperatively (9 grafts). These data demonstrate that it is not necessary to begin antiplatelet therapy preoperatively in order to inhibit intimal hyperplasia. They also suggest that preoperative antiplatelet therapy may improve early graft patency by directly preventing thrombosis, not by inhibiting the development of intimal hyperplasia.
A Low-Cost Fully Self-Aligned SiGe BiCMOS Technology Using Selective Epitaxy and a Lateral Quasi-Single-Poly Integration Concept (2004)

We present a low-cost concept for a self-aligned SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). In conventional double-poly HBTs, the base link is formed by use of a sacrificial layer to grow the SiGe epitaxy between an external base polysilicon and the silicon substrate, resulting in a vertical base link. In this concept, the SiGe epitaxy is laterally connected to the extrinsic base poly forming a short and fully self-aligned base link. While strongly reducing process complexity, this concept maintains a minimal link resistance between the internal and the external base. We demonstrate the integration of this HBT with balanced dc and ac performance in a 0.25-/spl mu/m bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, featuring all passive devices necessary for RF design. The bipolar multitransistor yield shows similar values compared to our conventional double-poly integration concept.
Reverse logistics, patented (2006)

Subtitle: Executive to sell patent on reverse logistics system; industry wary following NTP, Blackberry lawsuit.
<title>New high-speed scanning technique for computed radiography</title> (2002)

The natural luminescence decay time of storage phosphors limits the scan speed of today's flying-spot scanners, since this 'afterglow' emission degrades the MTF along the fast-scan direction. Higher scan speeds can also decrease the total amount of signal captured at each point, that is, the read-out depth. One may reduce these problems by scanning entire lines at once, rather than points. However, this can create other problems related to stimulation and collection efficiency, system gain, sharpness, and noise. We have developed a new scanning engine containing a linear, laser-diode-based stimulation source and a light collection system with specially designed optics and multiple, linear, asymmetric CCDs. The stimulation/collection systems are housed in a compact, movable read head that scans quickly over a stationary image plate (IP). We evaluated this so-called 'ScanHead' with conventional powder (IPs) and with new CsBr:Eu<SUP>2+</SUP> needle-based IPs.We also compared it to a conventional flying-spot scanner. Image quality results differed depending on plate type. DQE values for conventional powder IPs in the prototype scanner were comparable to today's state-of-the-art commercial systems (DQE(0)~0.25-0-27). DQE values for needle IPs were significantly better than those for powder IPs (DQE(0) ~0.58-0-60) and comparable to those quoted for flat-panel DR systems based on CsI:Tl.
4-Acetylantroquinonol B Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Hepatoma Cells via Blockade of Translation-Dependent Signaling Pathway and VEGF Production (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Previous study has shown that 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4AAQB) isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea (or niu-chang-chih) was observed to inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation via affecting cell cycle. However, the in vivo effects and antimetastatic activity of 4AAQB have not yet been addressed. This study found that 4AAQB inhibited HepG2 and HuH-7 hepatoma cell growth in both in vitro and in vivo models and exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects on HuH-7 tumor growth in xenograft and orthotopic models. 4AAQB efficiently inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR and its upstream kinases and the downstream effectors and decreased the production of VEGF and activity of Rho GTPases in HuH-7 cells. Furthermore, 4AAQB inhibited in vitro HuH-7 cell migration and in vivo pulmonary metastasis. The results suggested that 4AAQB is a potential candidate for HCC therapy.
Integrating Continuous Security Assessments in Microservices and Cloud Native Applications (2017)

Cloud Native Applications (CNA) consists of multiple collaborating microservice instances working together towards common goals. These microservices leverage the underlying cloud infrastructure to enable several properties such as scalability and resiliency. CNA are complex distributed applications, vulnerable to several security issues affecting microservices and traditional cloud-based applications. For example, each microservice instance could be developed with different technologies e.g. programming languages and databases. This diversity of technologies increases the chances for security vulnerabilities in microservices. Moreover, the fast-paced development cycles of (CNA) increases the probability of insufficient security tests in the development pipelines, and consequent deployment of vulnerable microservices. Furthermore, cloud native environments are ephemeral, microservices are dynamically launched and de-registered, this factor creates a discoverability challenge for traditional security assessment techniques. Hence, security assessments in such environments require new approaches which are specifically adapted and integrated to CNA. In fact, such techniques are to be cloud native i.e. well integrated into the cloud's fabric. In this paper, we tackle the above-mentioned challenges through the introduction of a novel Security Control concept - the Security Gateway. To support the Security Gateway concept, two other concepts are proposed: dynamic document store and security health endpoints. We have implemented these concepts using cloud-native design patterns and integrated them into the CNA workflow. Our experimental evaluations validate the efficiency of our proposals, the time overhead due to the security gateway is minimal and the vulnerability detection rate surpasses that of traditional security assessment approaches. Our proposal can therefore be employed to secure CNA and microservice-based implementations.
A Brief Review and Future Outline on Decision Making Using Fuzzy Soft Set (2018)

Decision making using fuzzy soft set (FSS) and its extensions has become the most significant research area in the age of uncertainty. In this article, the authors survey the evolution of fuzzy soft sets (FSSs) during the last decade and a half (2001-2015) to analyze the impact of FSS and its extension in the decision-making paradigm. Based on some selected journals, conferences, and online databases, this article classifies the decision-making process mainly into ten different categories, which are based on different types of FSSs. This article briefly explores each individual category by mentioning the theoretical/algorithmic approaches proposed by the respected authors. Furthermore, all papers are categorized with respect to publication year, published journal, application type, and decision-making criteria. This literature survey provides a platform to the researchers to find out the dimensions of future research works in FSSs by analyzing the present state and potential areas.
A maximum-likelihood soft-decision sequential decoding algorithm for binary convolutional codes (2002)

We present a trellis-based maximum-likelihood soft-decision sequential decoding algorithm (MLSDA) for binary convolutional codes. Simulation results show that, for (2, 1, 6) and (2, 1, 16) codes antipodally transmitted over the AWGN channel, the average computational effort required by the algorithm is several orders of magnitude less than that of the Viterbi algorithm. Also shown via simulations upon the same system models is that, under moderate SNR, the algorithm is about four times faster than the conventional sequential decoding algorithm (i.e., stack algorithm with Fano metric) having comparable bit-error probability.
Study to detect and block leakage of personal information : Android-platform environment (2013)

안드로이드 사용자의 증가와 함께 안드로이드를 타겟으로 하는 악성코드가 급격하게 증가하고 있으며, 대부분의 악성코드는 사용자의 개인정보 유출을 목적으로 하고 있다. 최근 국내에서도 악성코드를 이용해 개인정보를 유출하고, 소액결제를 시도하는 '체스트'라는 악성코드가 출현하여 금전피해를 발생시켰다. 안드로이드 플랫폼에서 개인정보 유출을 탐지하기 위한 다양한 기법들이 제안되었지만, 기존 기법들은 안드로이드 보안모델의 특성상 사용자의 스마트폰에 적용이 어려운 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 커널레벨의 시스템 콜 후킹과 white-list 기반의 접근정책을 이용해 허용되지 않은 개인정보의 접근과 인터넷 연결을 실시간으로 탐지하고, 차단하는 기법을 제안하였다. 또한 구현을 통해 실제 사용자의 스마트폰에 적용이 가능함을 증명하였다. The Malicious code that targets Android is growing dramatically as the number of Android users are increasing. Most of the malicious code have an intention of leaking personal information. Recently in Korea, a malicious code 'chest' has appeared and generated monetary damages by using malicious code to leak personal information and try to make small purchases. A variety of techniques to detect personal information leaks have been proposed on Android platform. However, the existing techniques are hard to apply to the user's smart-phone due to the characteristics of Android security model. This paper proposed a technique that detects and blocks file approaches and internet connections that are not allowed access to personal information by using the system call hooking in the kernel and white-list based approach policy. In addition, this paper proved the possibility of a real application on smart-phone through the implementation.
Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) confirmed in Georgia (2006)

A glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth biotype was confirmed in central Georgia. In the field, glyphosate applied to 5- to 13-cm-tall Palmer amaranth at three times the normal use rate of 0.84 kg ae ha −1 controlled this biotype only 17%. The biotype was controlled 82% by glyphosate at 12 times the normal use rate. In the greenhouse, I 50 values (rate necessary for 50% inhibition) for visual control and shoot fresh weight, expressed as percentage of the nontreated, were 8 and 6.2 times greater, respectively, with the resistant biotype compared with a known glyphosate-susceptible biotype. Glyphosate absorption and translocation and the number of chromosomes did not differ between biotypes. Shikimate was detected in leaf tissue of the susceptible biotype treated with glyphosate but not in the resistant biotype.
Bowel cancer screening: Involving people with learning disabilities (2009)

This series is designed for the nursing professional as a review of the key clinical skills necessary for patient care, clearly presenting common clinical procedures and their rationale, together with the essential background theory. In this eighth article in the series, Sue Read and Deanna Latham consider the challenges around ensuring and promoting equity of access to bowel cancer screening for people with learning disabilities; advocating that proactive engagement from nurses can provide greater support, access and information on the programme to this patient population, resulting in healthier outcomes.
Iron Metabolism and the IRE/IRP Regulatory System: An Update (2004)

Cellular iron homeostasis is accomplished by the coordinated regulated expression of the transferrin receptor and ferritin, which mediate iron uptake and storage, respectively. The mechanism is posttranscriptional and involves two cytoplasmic iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2. Under conditions of iron starvation, IRPs stabilize the transferrin receptor and inhibit the translation of ferritin mRNAs by binding to "iron responsive elements" (IREs) within their untranslated regions. The IRE/IRP system also controls the expression of additional IRE-containing mRNAs, encoding proteins of iron and energy metabolism. The activities of IRP1 and IRP2 are regulated by distinct posttranslational mechanisms in response to cellular iron levels. Thus, in iron-replete cells, IRP1 assembles a cubane iron-sulfur cluster, which prevents IRE binding, while IRP2 undergoes proteasomal degradation. IRP1 and IRP2 also respond, albeit differentially, to iron-independent signals, such as hydrogen peroxide, hypoxia, or nitric oxide. Basic principles of the IRE/IRP system and recent advances in understanding the regulation and the function of IRP1 and IRP2 are discussed.
Temporal Adaptive Link Quality Prediction with Online Learning (2014)

Link quality estimation is a fundamental component of the low-power wireless network protocols and is essential for routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, accurate link quality estimation remains a challenging task due to the notoriously dynamic and unpredictable wireless environment. In this article we argue that, in addition to the estimation of current link quality, prediction of the future link quality is more important for the routing protocol to establish low-cost delivery paths. We propose to apply machine learning methods to predict the link quality in the near future to facilitate the utilization of intermediate links with frequent quality changes. Moreover, we show that, by using online learning methods, our adaptive link estimator (TALENT) adapts to network dynamics better than statically trained models without the need of a priori data collection for training the model before deployment. We implemented TALENT in TinyOS with Low-Power Listening (LPL) and conducted extensive experiments in three testbeds. Our experimental results show that the addition of TALENT increases the delivery efficiency 1.95 times on average compared with a 4B, state-of-the-art link quality estimator, as well as improves the end-to-end delivery rate when tested on three different wireless testbeds.
Epidermal segmentation in high-definition optical coherence tomography (2015)

Epidermis segmentation is a crucial step in many dermatological applications. Recently, high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) has been developed and applied to imaging subsurface skin tissues. In this paper, a novel epidermis segmentation method using HD-OCT is proposed in which the epidermis is segmented by 3 steps: the weighted least square-based pre-processing, the graph-based skin surface detection and the local integral projection-based dermal-epidermal junction detection respectively. Using a dataset of five 3D volumes, we found that this method correlates well with the conventional method of manually marking out the epidermis. This method can therefore serve to effectively and rapidly delineate the epidermis for study and clinical management of skin diseases.
N‐terminal domain of the V‐ATPase a2‐subunit displays integral membrane protein properties (2010)

V-ATPase is a multisubunit membrane complex that functions as nanomotor coupling ATP hydrolysis with proton translocation across biological membranes. Recently, we uncovered details of the mechanism of interaction between the N-terminal tail of the V-ATPase a2-subunit isoform (a2N(1-402)) and ARNO, a GTP/GDP exchange factor for Arf-family small GTPases. Here, we describe the development of two methods for preparation of the a2N(1-402) recombinant protein in milligram quantities sufficient for further biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies. We found two alternative amphiphilic chemicals that were required for protein stability and solubility during purification: (i) non-detergent sulfobetaine NDSB-256 and (ii) zwitterionic detergent FOS-CHOLINE®12 (FC-12). Moreover, the other factors including mild alkaline pH, the presence of reducing agents and the absence of salt were beneficial for stabilization and solubilization of the protein. A preparation of a2N(1-402) in NDSB-256 was successfully used in pull-down and BIAcore™ protein-protein interaction experiments with ARNO, whereas the purity and quality of the second preparation in FC-12 was validated by size-exclusion chromatography and CD spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the detergent requirement for stabilization and solubilization of a2N(1-402) and its cosedimentation with liposomes were different from peripheral domains of other transmembrane proteins. Thus, our data suggest that in contrast to current models, so called "cytosolic" tail of the a2-subunit might actually be embedded into and/or closely associated with membrane phospholipids even in the absence of any obvious predicted transmembrane segments. We propose that a2N(1-402) should be categorized as an integral monotopic domain of the a2-subunit isoform of the V-ATPase.
Test and evaluation of the Rockwell Collins GNP-10 for the precision kill and targeting (PKAT) missile system (2002)

The US Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM), Research, Development, and Engineering Center (RDEC) is developing advanced technologies for demonstration on a missile testbed with precision kill and targeting (PKAT) capabilities. Currently in the US Army inventory there is no long-range stand-off precision guided weapon with real-time target imaging capabilities. Experience has demonstrated the value of real-time imagery and information provided to a trained gunner directly from the weapon. The goal of the PKAT program is to develop technologies to provide this capability at operational ranges up to 30 km while providing additional critical information in real-time such as surveillance, targeting, and battlefield damage assessment. It has been determined that a Global Positioning System (GPS)/inertial navigation system (INS) will be the most cost effective navigation approach for the PKAT program. In the summer of 1999, a Rockwell Collins GNP-10 (GPS Navigation Package) underwent evaluation testing at the RDEC for the PKAT program. The GNP-10 is a high performance ten channel GPS receiver integrated with a guidance navigation processor. It is designed to be tightly coupled with a user-supplied inertial measurement unit (IMU) to provide an integrated GPS/INS solution. Low dynamic van tests using live satellites were performed on a GNP-10 tightly coupled with a Honeywell HG1700 IMU. This paper presents the procedure and results of these tests as well as supporting laboratory test results.
General Biplane Theory (1923)

This report deals with the air forces on biplane cellule. The first part of the report deals with the two-dimensional problem neglecting viscosity. The variation of the section, chord, gap, stagger, and decalage are investigated, a great number of examples are calculated, and all numerical results are given in tables. For the biplane without stagger it is found that the loss of lift in consequence of the mutual influence of the two wing sections is only half as much if the lift is produced by the curvature of the section as it is when the lift is produced by the inclination of the chord to the direction of motion. The second part deals with the influence of the lateral dimensions. It is found that the loss of lift due to induction is almost unchanged, whether the biplane is staggered or not. In the third part conclusions from previous investigations are drawn, viscosity and experimental experience are brought in, and the method is simplified for practical application. Simple formulas give the drag, lift, and moment. In order to make use of the simple formulas more convenient, tables for the dynamical pressure, induced drag, and angle of attack are added so that practically no computation is needed for the application of the results.
Role of the SNARE protein SNAP23 on cAMP-stimulated renin release in mouse juxtaglomerular cells (2012)

Renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of angiotensin II, is synthesized and stored in granules in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Therefore, the controlled mechanism involved in renin release is essential for the regulation of blood pressure. Exocytosis of renin-containing granules is likely involved in renin release; a process stimulated by cAMP. We found that the "soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor" (SNARE) protein VAMP2 mediates cAMP-stimulated renin release and exocytosis in JG cells. To mediate exocytosis, VAMP2 must interact with a synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP). In the renal cortex, the isoform SNAP23 is abundantly expressed. We hypothesized that SNAP23 mediates cAMP-stimulated renin release from primary cultures of mouse JG cells. We found that SNAP23 protein is expressed and colocalized with renin-containing granules in primary cultures of mouse JG cell lysates. Thus, we then tested the involvement of SNAP23 in cAMP-stimulated renin release by transducing JG cells with a dominant-negative SNAP23 construct. In control JG cells transduced with a scrambled sequence, increasing cAMP stimulated renin release from 1.3 ± 0.3 to 5.3 ± 1.2% of renin content. In cells transduced with dominant-negative SNAP23, cAMP increased renin from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 3.0 ± 0.6% of renin content, a 50% blockade. Botulinum toxin E, which cleaves and inactivates SNAP23, reduced cAMP-stimulated renin release by 42 ± 17%. Finally, adenovirus-mediated silencing of SNAP23 significantly blocked cAMP-stimulated renin release by 50 ± 13%. We concluded that the SNARE protein SNAP23 mediates cAMP-stimulated renin release. These data show that renin release is a SNARE-dependent process.
BAY 58-2667, a nitric oxide-independent guanylyl cyclase activator, pharmacologically post-conditions rabbit and rat hearts (2009)

When applied at reperfusion, BAY-58 is an effective cardioprotective agent with a mechanism similar to that of ischaemic pre-conditioning and, hence, should be a candidate for treatment of acute myocardial infarction in man.
Using multi-agent simulation to predict natural crossing points for pedestrians and choose locations for mid-block crosswalks (2020)

When arranging the pedestrian infrastructure, one of the most important components that make a tangible contribution to the safety of pedestrians is to organize the safe road crossing. In cities, pedestrians often cross a road in the wrong place due to established routes or inadequate location of crosswalks. Accidents with the participation of pedestrians who crossed the road neglecting the traffic rules, make up a significant part of the total amount of road accidents. In this paper, we propose a method that allows us, on the basis of the results of a computer simulation of pedestrian traffic, to obtain predicted routes for road crossing and to indicate optimal locations for crosswalks that take into account established pedestrian routes and increase their safety. The work describes an extension for the existing AntRoadPlanner simulation algorithm, which searches for and clusters points where pedestrians cross the roadway and suggests locations for new crosswalks. This method was tested on the basis of a comparative simulation of several territories before and after its application, as well as on the basis of a field study of the territories. The developed algorithm can also be used to search for other potentially dangerous places for pedestrians on plans of districts, for example, crossings in places with limited visibility.