gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer antenna pointing for orbital debris radar (2002)

A Kalman filter using rate gyro information from the Space Station Freedom high-gain antenna (HGA) and observed unit pointing vector to target satellite is introduced to compensate for pointing errors due to structural oscillations of the long, flexible boom on which the antenna is mounted. An application to orbital debris radar is discussed. A computer simulation was implemented to demonstrate proof of concept. In the program, the HGA is modelled as a six-foot-diameter parabolic dish which radiates in the Ku-band. The flexible tower has a total length of about ten feet. Gaussian noise on the measurements of the antenna gimbal angles and rate gyros is taken into account. The pointing accuracy goal for this design was chosen to be one-half of the 3-dB beamwidth, or approximately six milliradians. The simulation results demonstrate that this objective can be met.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Zinc transporter gene expression is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines: a potential role for zinc transporters in beta-cell apoptosis? (2009)

The zinc transporting system in beta-cells is influenced by the exposure to cytokines. Particularly ZnT8, which has been associated with the development of diabetes, seems to be cytokine sensitive.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation by Means of Polyaminoacids in a Triphase System. (1984)

Abstract Die Epoxidierung von Chalkonen (I) verläuft in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen optisch aktiver Polyaminosäuren mit hoher Stereoselektivität zu den optisch aktiven Oxiranen (II).
A Theory of Randomness (1941)

Journal Article A THEORY OF RANDOMNESS Get access M. G. KENDALL M. G. KENDALL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 1941, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/32.1.1 Published: 01 January 1941
A Fast Architecture-Level Thermal Analysis Method for Runtime Thermal Regulation (2008)

As power consumption and the corresponding heat dissipated on a die grow rapidly, efficient on-chip temperature regulation becomes imperative for today's high performance microprocessors. Temperature tracking based on the on-chip thermal sensors is not sufficient as the temperature hot spots keep changing with the load. One way to mitigate this problem is by means of software sensors, where temperature of any location is computed based on realtime power information and calibrated with the physical sensors. In this paper, we present a very efficient numerical thermal analysis method, which is suitable for fast temperature tracking and runtime thermal regulation. The proposed method, called FEKIS, combines two existing numerical techniques: extended Krylov subspace reduction technique to reduce the thermal circuit complexity and large-step integration method to exploit the sampled-based power input traces, which is typical in the power traces at the architectural and operation system levels. Experimental results show that FEKIS archives 10x speedup over recently proposed state-of-the art thermal moment matching technique 1,2 and the precise time-step integration method only, and three orders of magnitude faster than the traditional numerical integration method with high accuracy.
Use of asplenic rabbits to demonstrate that platelet age and density are related (1982)

An experimental model using asplenic rabbits injected with radioactive amino acids has been developed to examine the density distribution of newly released platelets. Platelets from asplenic rabbits had a larger mean volume and greater protein content than those from asplenic animals. Radiolabel, indicative of new platelets, is preferentially incorporated into the most dense platelets during the early postinjection period. Platelets of intermediate density also demonstrated augmented early label incorporation compared to the lightest cells, In contrast, during the late postinjection phase, there is preferential labeling of the least dense platelets. The specific radioactivity of heavy and light platelets rises to approximately equal levels, and falls abruptly, but the peak activities occur at distinctly separate times consistent with the concept of platelet density modification during platelet aging. Although platelet biologic properties are broadly distributed, these studies support the concept that on the average young platelets have an increased density and become less dense as they circulate.
Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 38 GW peak power (2010)

We report on the experimental demonstration of a fiber chirped- pulse amplification system capable of generating nearly transform-limited sub 500 fs pulses with 2.2 mJ pulse energy at 11 W average power. The resulting record peak power of 3.8 GW could be achieved by combining active phase shaping with an efficient reduction of the acquired nonlinear phase. Therefore, we used an Ytterbium-doped large-pitch fiber with a mode field diameter of 105 µm as the main amplifier.
The PI3K p110δ controls T-cell development, differentiation and regulation (2007)

PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) regulate diverse cellular functions such as metabolism, growth, gene expression and migration. The p110delta isoform of PI3K is mainly expressed in cells of the immune system and contributes to cellular and humoral immunity. In the thymus, p110delta and p110gamma play complementary roles in regulating the transition through key developmental checkpoints. In addition, p110delta regulates the differentiation of peripheral Th (helper T-cells) towards the Th1 and Th2 lineages. Moreover, p110delta is critical for Treg (regulatory T-cell) function. Here, we review the role of PI3Ks in T-cell development and function.
What Is an Adjoint Model? (1997)

Adjoint models are powerful tools for many studies that require an estimate of sensitivity of model output (e.g., a forecast) with respect to input. Actual fields of sensitivity are produced directly and efficiently, which can then be used in a variety of applications, including data assimilation, parameter estimation, stability analysis, and synoptic studies. The use of adjoint models as tools for sensitivity analysis is described here using some simple mathematics. An example of sensitivity fields is presented along with a short description of adjoint applications. Limitations of the applications are discussed and some speculations about the future of adjoint models are offered.
Universal Approach to Photo-Crosslink Bottlebrush Polymers (2020)

We demonstrate a universal approach to form bottlebrush polymer networks in both bulk and thin films by photo-crosslinking mixtures of well-defined bottlebrush precursors and bis-benzophenone-based additives. This strategy is compatible with a wide variety of different side-chain chemistries including poly(acrylates), poly(ethers), poly(esters), and poly(siloxanes) due to the indiscriminate C–H abstraction behavior of benzophenone upon exposure to ultraviolet light. The appropriate choice of molecular “linker” that bridges benzophenones is critical to solubilize the additive in a given bottlebrush precursor at room temperature without a solvent. Importantly, homogeneous mixtures can be achieved using two distinct types of linkers: telechelic polymers matched to the bottlebrush side-chain chemistry or small-molecule branched alkyl derivatives that are often synthetically more accessible. As evidenced by in situ UV shear rheology, the curing kinetics and mechanical properties of these amorphous or semicrystalline networks are controlled by bottlebrush precursor chemistry, architecture, and crosslinker loading. The influence of elastically effective and ineffective crosslinks, which arise in tandem from the statistical nature of benzophenone-induced radical reactions, is quantitatively captured by introducing a general model that relates crosslinker concentration and shear modulus. These results provide a conceptual framework that can be used to conveniently synthesize bottlebrush networks with tailored properties.
Dapagliflozin, a Novel SGLT2 Inhibitor, Induces Dose-Dependent Glucosuria in Healthy Subjects (2009)

Dapagliflozin selectively inhibits renal glucose reabsorption by inhibiting sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2). It was developed as an insulin-independent treatment approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the drug were evaluated in single-ascending-dose (SAD; 2.5-500 mg) and multiple-ascending-dose (MAD; 2.5-100 mg daily for 14 days) studies in healthy subjects. Dapagliflozin exhibited dose-proportional plasma concentrations with a half-life of approximately 17 h. The amount of glucosuria was also dose-dependent. Cumulative amounts of glucose excreted on day 1, relating to doses from 2.5-100 mg (MAD), ranged from 18 to 62 g; day 14 values were comparable to day 1 values, with no apparent changes in glycemic parameters. Doses of approximately 20-50 mg provided close-to-maximal SGLT2 inhibition for at least 24 h. Dapagliflozin demonstrates pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics and dose-dependent glucosuria that are sustained over 24 h, which indicates that it is suitable for administration in once-daily doses and suggests that further investigation of its efficacy in T2DM patients is warranted.
Coordination of early neural tube development by BDNF/trkB (1997)

Neurotrophins signal through members of the trk family of tyrosine kinase receptors and are known to regulate several neuronal properties. Although initially characterized by their ability to prevent naturally occurring cell death of subsets of neurons during development, neurotrophins can also regulate the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells. Here we report a novel involvement of neurotrophins in early development of the neural tube. We demonstrate that a functional trkB receptor is expressed by motor neuron progenitors in the ventral neural tube and that treatment of ventral neural tube explants with the trkB ligand Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) leads to a significant increase in the number of motor neurons. The only BDNF expression detectable at this stage is by a subset of ventrally projecting interneurons in the dorsal neural tube; ablating this region in vivo leads to a reduction of motor neuron numbers. This loss can be prevented by simultaneous treatment with BDNF. We propose that BDNF produced by dorsal interneurons stimulates proliferation and/or differentiation of motor neuron progenitors after anterograde axonal transport and release in proximity to the trkB-expressing motor neuron precursors, thereby coordinating development between dorsal and ventral regions of the neural tube.
Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock (1995)

Abstract A simple method for including the effects of geologically realistic fractures on the seismic propagation through fractured rocks can be obtained by writing the effective compliance tensor of the fractured rock as the sum of the compliance tensor of the unfractured background rock and the compliance tensors for each set of parallel fractures or aligned fractures. The compliance tensor of each fracture set is derivable from a second rank fracture compliance tensor. For a rotationally symmetric set of fractures, the fracture compliance tensor depends on only two fracture compliances, one controlling fracture compliance normal, the other, tangential, to the plane of the fractures. The stiffness tensor, which is more useful in the consideration of elastic wave propagation through rocks, can then be obtained by inversion. The components of the excess fracture compliance tensor represent the maximum amount of information that can be obtained from seismic data. If the background rock is isotropic and the normal and shear compliance of each fracture are equal, although different from those of other fractures, the effective elastic behavior of the fractured rock is orthorhombic for any orientation distribution of fractures. A comparison of the theory with recent ultrasonic experiments on a simulated fractured medium shows near equality of the normal and shear compliance for the case of air-filled fractures.
Multiple Actions of Recombinant Activin-A<i>in Vivo</i> (1989)

Activin stimulates the secretion of FSH from cultured pituitary cells and enhances the differentiation of erythroid progenitors in vitro. The role of activin in the physiological regulation of either process, however, is unknown. We report here that systemic administration of recombinant human activin-A to immature female rats caused a marked increase in serum FSH levels. In addition, in ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats recombinant human activin-A induced a small but statistically significant increase in the circulating concentrations of red blood cells and hemoglobin. These data demonstrate the efficacy of activin in vivo, supporting the hypothesis that this protein is an important regulator of gonadotropic and erythroid function.
Predicting Survival Time in Women Starting First Line Chemotherapy for Advanced Breast Cancer. (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Women starting first line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer have widely differing baseline characteristics and ultimate survival times. We sought to develop and validate a pragmatic prognostic index for clinical practice and research based on simple clinical and laboratory data.Methods: Prognostic models were developed in 378 women treated with CMF in the control groups of 3 randomized trials, and validated in 564 women treated with AC or mitoxantrone or capecitabine in the experimental groups of these trials. Multivariable censored linear regression of log-transformed survival times was used to select prognostic variables, which were then dichotomised to define negative prognostic features (NPFs). The effects of NPFs on survival time are expressed with hazard ratios (HR) and p-values from multivariable Cox models.Results: There were 7 independently significant NPFs (see table). In the development dataset, an elevated neutrophil count or history of brain metastasis approximately halved survival time, while the other NPFs reduced survival time by about one third. Women with 0 NPFs (15%) had a median survival of 18 months, about 1.4 times as long as those with 1 or 2 NPFs (63%, 13 months), and about 2.6 times as long as those with 3 or more NPFs (22%, 7 months). In the validation dataset, the effects of brain metastasis and elevated neutrophils were more modest, and most NPFs reduced survival by about one third. The median survivals of women with 0 NPFs (17%), 1 or 2 NPFs (60%) and 3 or more NPFs (23%) were 21 months, 13 months and 8 months respectively.Conclusions: A prognostic index using widely available baseline characteristics could improve prognostication in clinical practice. Stratification of patients using the prognostic index could improve the efficiency of randomised trials. Development (n=378) Validation (n=564) Negative prognostic feature% of womenHRp-value% of womenHRp-valueBrain metastasis32.410.00641.730.002Neutrophil count &gt;ULN121.910.001151.350.03ALP &gt;2 x ULN221.660.001201.380.008Age &gt;60451.490.001451.210.05Hb &lt;120g/L351.480.03291.230.05ER negative401.360.02281.52&lt;0.001ECOG 2 or 3271.320.03251.500.001ULN = upper limit of normal Development (n=378) Validation (n=564) Number of NPFs% of womenHRp-value% of womenHRp-value 150.850.30170.670.0021 or 2631.00-601.00-3 or more222.11&lt;0.001231.97&lt;0.001NPF = negative prognostic feature Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4066.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxyaldehydes with Stereogenic Quaternary Carbon Centers by Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions (2004)

A fluorescence detection system was used to identify effective chiral-amine/acid combinations as bifunctional catalysts for asymmetric direct catalytic aldol reactions of α,α-dialkyl aldehydes with aryl aldehydes (see scheme). With the optimized catalyst system, the reaction of isobutyraldehyde with p-nitrobenzaldehyde provided the α,α-dimethyl aldol product in 92 % yield with 96 % ee. R1, R2=alkyl; X=NO2, CN, Br, Cl, OMe, H. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53546_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Rule support for role-based access control (2005)

The administration of users and access rights in large enterprises is a complex and challenging task. Role-based access control (RBAC) is a powerful concept for simplifying access control. In particular, Enterprise Roles spanning across different IT systems are increasingly used as a basis for company-wide security management. However, the administration of roles in large organisations can become quite cumbersome and needs to be automated.During the past years, rules have been used to support automation of user and access rights administration. We discuss different rule-based approaches and propose a new method called rule-based provisioning of roles which combines the advantages of rules and roles.Experiences made during implementation of this approach are presented in two case studies. The results are evaluated and show that role-based access control in combination with rule-based provisioning can be successfully used in practice. A high level of automation can be achieved.
<title>Identification of image noise sources in digital scanner evaluation</title> (2003)

For digital image acquisition systems, analysis of image noise often focuses on random sources, such as those associated with quantum signal detection and signal-independent fluctuations. Other important noise sources result in pixel-to-pixel sensitivity variations that introduce repeatable patterns into the image data. In addition, since most analyses use a nominally uniform target area to estimate image noise statistics, target noise can often masquerade as noise introduced by the device under test. We described a method for distilling various fixed-pattern and temporal noise sources. The method uses several replicate digital images, acquired in register. In some cases, however, evaluation of digital scanners reveals, scan-to-scan variation in the image registration to the input test target. To overcome this limitation, a modified noise estimation method is described. This includes a step to correct this scan-to-scan misregistration. We also show how the measurement of temporal and fixed pattern noise sources can be achieved via the noise color covariance from a single test image.
Future research investment strategies (1977)

The development of DARPA research investment strategies which focus on future national security questions whose answers are deeply rooted in advancing technologies, will be discussed. Examples of research initiatives which have been undertaken will be described for areas such as: Internetting a variety of computer networks; Operating multiple microprocessors by clustering techniques; Symbolic correlation in imaging; Adaptive fire control systems; Adaptive decision aiding, Automatic information pacing and Adaptive multi-sensor processing.
Development, Characterization, and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Made to Antigens Expressed on the Surface of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells (1999)

Antibody 2B7.4 shows promise for the isolation of NRBCs from maternal blood and should allow studies concerning the source of these cells, fetal vs maternal, and the factors controlling their prevalence.
Gesture recognition using recurrent neural networks (1991)

A gesture recognition method for Japanese sign language is presented. We have developed a posture recognition system using neural networks which could recognize a finger alphabet of 42 symbols. We then developed a gesture recognition system where each gesture specifies a word. Gesture recognition is more difficult than posture recognition because it has to handle dynamic processes. To deal with dynamic processes we use a recurrent neural network. Here, we describe a gesture recognition method which can recognize continuous gesture. We then discuss the results of our research.
Image-based point spread function implementation in a fully 3D OSEM reconstruction algorithm for PET (2010)

The interest in positron emission tomography (PET) and particularly in hybrid integrated PET/CT systems has significantly increased in the last few years due to the improved quality of the obtained images. Nevertheless, one of the most important limits of the PET imaging technique is still its poor spatial resolution due to several physical factors originating both at the emission (e.g. positron range, photon non-collinearity) and at detection levels (e.g. scatter inside the scintillating crystals, finite dimensions of the crystals and depth of interaction). To improve the spatial resolution of the images, a possible way consists of measuring the point spread function (PSF) of the system and then accounting for it inside the reconstruction algorithm. In this work, the system response of the GE Discovery STE operating in 3D mode has been characterized by acquiring (22)Na point sources in different positions of the scanner field of view. An image-based model of the PSF was then obtained by fitting asymmetric two-dimensional Gaussians on the (22)Na images reconstructed with small pixel sizes. The PSF was then incorporated, at the image level, in a three-dimensional ordered subset maximum likelihood expectation maximization (OS-MLEM) reconstruction algorithm. A qualitative and quantitative validation of the algorithm accounting for the PSF has been performed on phantom and clinical data, showing improved spatial resolution, higher contrast and lower noise compared with the corresponding images obtained using the standard OS-MLEM algorithm.
Midinfrared laser source with high power and beam quality (2006)

A simple scheme for generation of high power in the midinfrared is demonstrated. By using a 15 W thulium-doped fiber laser emitting at 1907 nm to pump a Q-switched Ho:YAG laser, we obtained 9.8 W at 2096 nm at a 20 kHz pulse repetition rate with excellent beam quality. The output of this laser was used to pump a doubly resonant zinc germanium phosphide based optical parametric oscillator, and we obtained 5.1 W average power in the 3-5 microm range with M2 approximately = 1.8.