gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethical issues in using a cocaine vaccine to treat and prevent cocaine abuse and dependence (2004)

A "cocaine vaccine" is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to treating cocaine dependence which induces the immune system to form antibodies that prevent cocaine from crossing the blood brain barrier to act on receptor sites in the brain. Studies in rats show that cocaine antibodies block cocaine from reaching the brain and prevent the reinstatement of cocaine self administration. A successful phase 1 trial of a human cocaine vaccine has been reported. The most promising application of a cocaine vaccine is to prevent relapse to dependence in abstinent users who voluntarily enter treatment. Any use of a vaccine to treat cocaine addicts under legal coercion raises major ethical issues. If this is done at all, it should be carefully trialled first, and only after considerable clinical experience has been obtained in using the vaccine to treat voluntary patients. There will need to be an informed community debate about what role, if any, a cocaine vaccine may have as a way of preventing cocaine addiction in children and adolescents.
Discovery of LAS101057: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious A<sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptor Antagonist (2010)

The structure-activity relationships for a series of pyrazine-based A2B adenosine receptor antagonists are described. From this work, LAS101057 (17), a potent, selective, and orally efficacious A2B receptor antagonist, was identified as a clinical development candidate. LAS101057 inhibits agonist-induced IL-6 production in human fibroblasts and is active in an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mouse model after oral administration, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, Th2 cytokine production, and OVA-specific IgE levels.
Control of Protein Structure and Function through Surface Recognition by Tailored Nanoparticle Scaffolds (2004)

Thioalkyl and thioalkylated oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) ligands with chain-end functionality were used to fabricate water-soluble CdSe nanoparticle scaffolds. Surface recognition of chymotrypsin (ChT) was achieved using these functionalized nanoparticle scaffolds, with three levels of interaction demonstrated: no interaction (OEG terminated with hydroxyl group), inhibition with denaturation (carboxylate-terminated thioalkyl ligands), and inhibition with retention of structure (carboxylate-terminated OEG). The latter process was reversible upon an increase in ionic strength, with essentially complete restoration of enzymatic activity.
Design and epitaxial growth of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting at ultraviolet wavelength (2013)

One of the key advances in photonic technology in recent decades was the development of a new type of diode lasers emitting in the visible and infrared region. These vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emerged from a laboratory curiosity in 1977 [13] to an object of industrial mass production [14] and are currently used in many applications. The applications include communication, printing, and absorption spectroscopy [15]. Their rise in credibility has largely been motivated by the rapid evolution of their performance, the more sweeping recognition of their compatibility with low-cost wafer-scale fabrication, and their possible formation into specific arrays with no change in the fabrication procedure.\nVarious applications such as advanced chemical sensors and high-density optical storage require coherent and small-size ultraviolet-emitting devices (below 400nm). Therefore, to extend the VCSEL emission to the ultraviolet (UV) region, intensive efforts have been made in the VCSEL technology. However, the achievement of such UV VCSEL is very challenging because of the various limitations and issues. The issues noticeably include the carrier injection, optical confinement, and highly reflective distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) structures with a broad bandwidth operating in the UV region [16]. In this context, motivated by the reported large refractive index induced by boron incorporation [7], we propose to introduce the boron-based material systems (BAlGaN) as an innovative solution to address some of the encountered difficulties.\nThe objective of the proposed research is to investigate and optimize new wide-bandgap BAlGaN material systems and illustrate their incorporation into the building blocks of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser structures for operation in the UV spectral range (<400nm).\nToward this goal, we have focused our research activities in three main directions. The first direction is devoted to the simulation of DBRs reflectivity by taking into consideration the experimental refractive indexes. Once the materials needed in the different components of the VCSEL are well defined, the second direction lies in the achievement of growth conditions optimization and characterization of the new wide-bandgap BAlGaN material systems. The study has led to the structural and morphological quality improvement of (B,Al,Ga)N materials. Unique optical properties of the BGaN and BAlN materials were also demonstrated. Upon demonstrating the materials' promising optical characteristics, the final direction consists of the epitaxial growth and characterization of the highly reflective DBRs and active region of the UV VCSEL structure.
Adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance: patients with vestibular deficits (1982)

Patients whose deficits were limited to clinically well qualified vestibular disorders have been exposed to a number of altered support surface and visual environments while standing unsupported. A six- degrees-of-freedom platform employing movable support surfaces for each foot and a movable visual surround deprived patients of normal inputs derived from a fixed level support surface and from an immobile surround. Various tests employing EMG, force, and body movement recording identified quantitative changes in the patients' strategy for the relative weighting of proprioceptive, vestibular, and visual inputs. The most dramatic performance deficit of patients was their inability to suppress the influence of visual and proprioceptive inputs appropriately whenever motions of external surface disturbed the orientation information provided by these inputs. Thus, the more mildly afflicted patients experienced instability not so much because of the loss of vestibular inputs directly to posture but because of their inappropriate responses to proprioceptive inputs and vision. Discussion is centered on the role of vestibular input as an internal reference system for orientation about which adaptive changes in proprioceptive and visual inputs are made.
An exclusive self-Coexistence (ESC) resource sharing algorithm for cognitive 802.22 networks (2010)

IEEE 802.22 is a standard for Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) which exploits the cognitive radio technology in order to use spectrum holes in the TV frequency band. The standard allows the sharing of unused spectrum allocated to the Television Broadcast Service without causing harmful interference to licensed users like TV transmitters and receivers. It is essential to perform an efficient channel assignment in cognitive 802.22 networks. In this paper we propose an original resource sharing algorithm which, working in a multichannel environment, aims at assigning channels to WRANs in such a way to satisfy their request and avoid completely the interference among them. It also takes into account the issue of spatial diversity, i.e. the case where some channels do not spatially cover all the WRANs. The effectiveness of the multichannel resource sharing scheme is proved through simulations, and in particular the number of assigned slots is evaluated. The results show that the algorithm makes a resource assignment which satisfies the requests avoiding interference among overlapping WRANs.
Rhodium(I) complexes with 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (dbn) as a ligand: [RhCl(nbd)(dbn)] (I) and [Rh(dbn)2(cod)][PF6] (II) (nbd = norbornadiene, cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) (1994)

Both of the complexes studied, (η 4 -bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene)chloro(1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene-N 5 )rhodium(I), [RhCl(C 7 H 8 )(C 7 H 12 N 2 )], (I), and (η 4 -1,5-cyclooctadiene)bis(1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene-N 5 )rhodium hexafluorophosphate, [Rh(C 7 H 12 N 2 )(C 8 H 12 )][PF 6 ], (II), show planar quadratically coordinated Rh atoms with dbn as and N-donor ligand. Two different conformations of the dbn ligand are present in each complex. The Rh-ligand bond distances and angles depend on the different N, Cl and diene coordination of the metal atoms
Preface to the first edition (2008)

This is not intended as a reference book on medical entomology; those interested in such a book should consult Medical Insects and Arachnids (1993) edited by R. P. Lane and R. W. Crosskey (Chapman & Hall). The present book is aimed at students, whether they be physicians, nurses, health officials, community health workers or those studying for a masters' degree in parasitology or medical entomology. Its aim is to provide basic information on the recognition, biology and medical importance of arthropods and guidelines for their control. In a teaching book such as this it is always difficult to decide how much detail to include and what to omit; you cannot satisfy everyone. Nevertheless I have attempted to write a book to suit the needs of most students.
Breakdown of thermodynamic equilibrium for DNA hybridization in microarrays (2010)

Test experiments of hybridization in DNA microarrays show systematic deviations from the equilibrium isotherms. We argue that these deviations are due to the presence of a partially hybridized long-lived state, which we include in a kinetic model. Experiments confirm the model predictions for the intensity vs free-energy behavior. The existence of slow relaxation phenomena has important consequences for the specificity of microarrays as devices for the detection of a target sequence from a complex mixture of nucleic acids.
Windsurfing : the complete guide (1980)

Reprint of the ed. published by Bay Windsurfing, Menlo Park, Calif., under title: Wherever there's water and wind
A Phase II Study of First-Line Chemotherapy with Weekly Carboplatin Plus Gemcitabine in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

Weekly chemotherapy with CBDCA plus GEM is a well-tolerated and promising regimen as first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC.
A Framework Based on K-Means Clustering and Topic Modeling for Analyzing Unstructured Manufacturing Capability Data (2019)

Abstract The natural language descriptions of the capabilities of manufacturing companies can be found in multiple locations including company websites, legacy system databases, and ad hoc documents and spreadsheets. To unlock the value of unstructured capability data and learn from it, there is a need for developing advanced quantitative methods supported by machine learning and natural language processing techniques. This research proposes a hybrid unsupervised learning methodology using K-means clustering and topic modeling techniques in order to build clusters of suppliers based on their capabilities, automatically infer topics from the created clusters, and discover nontrivial patterns in manufacturing capability corpora. The capability data is extracted either directly from the website of manufacturing firms or from their profiles in e-sourcing portals and directories. Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction process in this work are supported by N-gram extraction and latent semantic analysis (LSA) methods. The proposed clustering method is validated experimentally based on a dataset composed of 150 capability descriptions collected from web-based sourcing directories such as the Thomas Net directory for manufacturing companies. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method creates supplier cluster with high accuracy. Two example applications of the proposed framework, related to supplier similarity measurement and automated thesaurus creation, are introduced in this paper.
Intrusion detection scheme using traffic prediction for wireless industrial networks (2012)

Detecting intrusion attacks accurately and rapidly in wireless networks is one of the most challenging security problems. Intrusion attacks of various types can be detected by the change in traffic flow that they induce. Wireless industrial networks based on the wireless networks for industrial automation-process automation (WIA-PA) standard use a superframe to schedule network communications. We propose an intrusion detection system for WIA-PA networks. After modeling and analyzing traffic flow data by time-sequence techniques, we propose a data traffic prediction model based on autoregressive moving average (ARMA) using the time series data. The model can quickly and precisely predict network traffic. We initialized the model with data traffic measurements taken by a 16-channel analyzer. Test results show that our scheme can effectively detect intrusion attacks, improve the overall network performance, and prolong the network lifetime.
Multilayer Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer prepared with Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–PbTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystal (2008)

A multilayer Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer with the size of 20 mm length, 4 mm width and 2.8 mm thickness has been fabricated using ferroelectric single crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3. The electrical properties of the prepared transformer were systematically investigated. Results show that the efficiency of this transformer can reach 92% and the voltage step-up ratio under open circuit exceeds 100. Comparing this with the single-layer Rosen-type transformer, we reported lower output impedance and larger step-up voltage ratios have been obtained under the same load resistance. Near the resonance frequency, this transformer has a much purer vibration mode and wider working bandwidth. Furthermore, this transformer can successfully drive a 0.5 W LCD backlight under a lower input voltage without obvious temperature rise. These global properties make this piezoelectric transformer a promising candidate for small power inverters and cryogenic applications.
Seismic data interpolation and denoising in the frequency-wavenumber domain (2012)

ABSTRACT I introduce a unified approach for denoising and interpolation of seismic data in the frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain. First, an angular search in the f-k domain is carried out to identify a sparse number of dominant dips, not only using low frequencies but over the whole frequency range. Then, an angular mask function is designed based on the identified dominant dips. The mask function is utilized with the least-squares fitting principle for optimal denoising or interpolation of data. The least-squares fit is directly applied in the time-space domain. The proposed method can be used to interpolate regularly sampled data as well as randomly sampled data on a regular grid. Synthetic and real data examples are provided to examine the performance of the proposed method.
Control of mutation frequency by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. I. The CB120 antimutator DNA polymerase is defective in strand displacement. (1976)

The ts CB1200 (antimutator) mutation in bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase increases the accuracy of DNA replication since it results in a decrease in the frequency of mutations in other phage genes. The CB120 polymerases differs from the wild type enzyme in the slow rate at which it copies templates where primer extension requries displacement of polynucleotides base-paired to the template strand, even in the presence of the T4 DNA unwinding protein (gene 32-protein). The ratio of nucleotides turned over (DNA-dependent conversion of deoxynucleoside triphosphate to deoxynucleoside monophosphate) to nucleotides stably incorporated into product is 10 to 100 times higher with the mutant than wild type enzyme, depending on the DNA used as the template. This high turnover rate may increase the efficiency of removal of noncomplementary nucleotides by the antimutator enzyme and is in agreement with the findings of Muzyczka et al, (Muzyczka, N., Poland, R. L., and Bessman, M. J. (1972) J. Biol, Cehm. 247, 7116-7122) with the L141 and L42 antimutator T4 DNA polymerases. Since the 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activity of the CB120 mutant polymerase is not higher than that of the wild type enzyme, it is suggested that the high turnover rate may result from increased opportunity to remove newly incorporated nucleotides due to the slow rate at which the mutant enzyme moves to the next template nucleotide. In the accompanying paper we show that the CB120 antimutator polymerase also initially selects incorrect nucleotides for incorporation less frequently than the wild type enzyme. Thus this antimutator polymerase appears to have both greater accuracy in nucleotide selection and an enhanced ability to remove incorrect nucleotides.
First observation of changing coupling coefficients in a gain-coupled DFB laser with absorptive grating by automatic parameter extraction from subthreshold spectra (2005)

Determination of device parameters in distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is very important for optimization of laser characteristics and system design. Although the coupling coefficient is the most important parameter, its determination has only been possible in AR-coated index-coupled DFB lasers. Moreover, this is not an easy task or not very accurate if there are facet reflectivities remaining.
Warnings for Disjoint Knowledge Omission in Ontologies (2007)

Structured knowledge is the most important component of semantic based information systems required to automate intelligent tasks which are normally performed by expert humans. The knowledge about a domain is typically structured in the form of ontologies. An ontology organizes basic terms and the rules for combining these terms in the form that is machine-interpretable and machine-understandable. Therefore, defining an ontology should be considered an important and serious task with well-defined tools and techniques to verify and validate it. A considerable work is being done to define the processes to develop Ontologies for every phase of its life-cycle [1]. Automated tools to evaluate the contents of an ontology are a great help for large scale ontology developers. We formulated some ontologies to represent real life situations and left certain errors in those ontologies intentionally to see whether these tools would raise the alarm or not. To our surprise, there were some important situations where the alarm should have been raised, but we did not get any warning. In this paper, we report those situations and present algorithms to raise the alarm. We have surveyed the available literature with reference to these situations, and unfortunately could not found satisfactory answer. This paper also summarizes the survey. One of the most difficult situation to detect with automated tools is the incompleteness. This requires the intervention of the domain experts / ontology developers. We discovered that disjoint knowledge and exhaustive knowledge omissions are not being handled by existing tools to raise an alarm for the developers. Algorithms have been proposed to tackle these situations. These algorithms have been executed on a number of case studies. We found them working properly.
Identification of <i>Brucella</i> by Ribosomal-Spacer-Region PCR and Differentiation of <i>Brucella canis</i> from Other <i>Brucella</i> spp. Pathogenic for Humans by Carbohydrate Profiles (1998)

Molecular and chemical characteristics often provide complementary information in the differentiation of closely related organisms. The genus Brucella consists of a highly conserved group of organisms. Identification of the four species pathogenic in humans (Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis) is problematic for many clinical laboratories that depend primarily on serology and phenotypic characteristics to differentiate species. PCR amplification of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA interspace region was evaluated for species-specific polymorphism. B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. canis produced identical PCR interspace profiles. However, these PCR products were unique to brucellae, allowing them to be readily distinguished from other gram-negative bacteria (including Bartonella spp. and Agrobacterium spp.). Carbohydrate profiles differentiated B. canis from the other three Brucella species due to the absence of the rare amino sugar quinovosamine in the three other species. PCR of the rRNA interspace region is useful in identification of the genus Brucella, while carbohydrate profiling is capable of differentiating B. canis from the other Brucella species.
Prediction of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Sponge City Projects: A Case Study in Shanghai, China (2018)

In recent years, China has been vigorously carrying out the planning and implementation of Sponge City. Since the implementation of Sponge City projects involves substantial materials and energy consumption, it is significant to account corresponding carbon emissions and sinks. The existed studies about carbon emission of stormwater management measures, however, are not able to take the whole life cycle and different facilities into consideration. Therefore, this study develops a comprehensive accounting model based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and life cycle assessment (LCA) method to predict carbon emissions and carbon sinks of Sponge City projects more comprehensively and accurately. The model is applied to an actual residential community in Shanghai as a case study. Results show that the total indirect carbon emission is estimated to be 774,277 kg CO2 eq during a 30-year lifespan, among which carbon emissions from operation and maintenance phases are 2570 kg CO2 eq/year and 7309 kg CO2 eq/year, respectively, both directly proportional to the service life of the facilities. Three kinds of achievable carbon sinks are carbon sequestration in green space (5450 kg CO2 eq/year), carbon sink from rainwater utilization (15,379 kg CO2 eq/year) and carbon sink from runoff pollutant removal (19,552 kg CO2 eq/year). Carbon neutrality is expected to be reached after approximately 19 years. The established carbon emission accounting model can contribute to better planning and construction of Sponge City in China and enhance further energy conservation and carbon emission reduction.
T Cell Receptor Gene Diversity And Selection (1990)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More