gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imbalance between Neutral Endopeptidase 24.11 and Endothelin-1 Expression in Human Endometrial Carcinoma (2001)

These findings demonstrate that NEP expression in the stromal cells of endometrial adenocarcinoma is downregulated, while stromal ET-1 is upregulated, with increasing tumor grade. The present findings also suggest that NEP may play a role in the regulation of neoplastic transformation, tumor progression, and differentiation in endometrial neoplasms, possibly by degrading certain peptide growth factors such as ET-1.
Ruthenium Complexes Containing Two Ru−(η<sup>2</sup>-Si−H) Bonds:  Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties, Structural Data, Theoretical Calculations, and Reactivity Studies (1999)

The bis(dihydrogen) complex RuH2(H2)2(PCy3)2 (1) reacts with the disilanes (R2SiH)2X to produce the dihydride complexes [RuH2{(η2-HSiR2)2X}(PCy3)2] (with R = Me and X = O (2a), C6H4 (3), (CH2)2 (4), (CH2)3 (5), OSiMe2O (6)) and R = Ph, X = O (2b)). In these complexes, the bis(silane) ligand is coordinated to ruthenium via two σ-Si−H bonds, as shown by NMR, IR, and X-ray data and by theoretical calculations. 3, 4, and 6 were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In the free disilanes the Si−H bond distances and the JSi-H values are around 1.49 Å and 200 Hz, respectively, whereas in the new complexes the values are in the range 1.73−1.98 Å and 22−82 Hz, respectively for the σ-Si−H bonds. The importance of nonbonding H···Si interactions, which control the observed cis geometry of the two bulky PCy3 ligands, is highlighted by X-ray data and theoretical calculations. The series of bis(silane) model complexes, RuH2{(η2-HSiR2)2X}(PR‘3)2, with X = (CH)2, C6H4, (CH2)n, O, and OSiH2O, and with R and R‘ = H or Me, was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) by means of two hybrid functionals B3LYP and B3PW91. In the case of X = C6H4 three isomers were studied, the most stable of which has C2v symmetry and whose structure closely resembles the X-ray structure of 3. Calculated binding energies for the bis(silane) ligand to the RuH2(PH3)2 fragment vary from 130 to 192 kJ/mol, showing that in the more stable complexes, the Si−H bonds are bound more strongly than dihydrogen. The dynamic behavior of these complexes has been studied by variable temperature 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy and exchange between the two types of hydrogen is characterized by barriers of 47.5 to 68.4 kJ/mol. The effect of the bridging group X between the 2 silicons is illustrated by reactions of compounds 2−6 with H2, CO, tBuNC. 3 is by far the most stable complex as no reaction occurred even in the presence of CO, whereas elimination of the corresponding disilane and formation of RuH2(H2)2(PCy3)2, RuH2(CO)2(PCy3)2, or RuH2(tBuNC)2(PCy3)2 were observed in the case of 2 and 4−6. The mixed phosphine complexes [RuH2{(η2-HSiMe2)2X}(PCy3)(PR3)] 3R−6R (with R = Ph and R = pyl) have been isolated in good yields (80−85%) and fully characterized by the addition of 1 equiv of the desired phosphine to 3−6. In the case of 4Ph, an X-ray determination was obtained. In the case of 2, elimination of the disiloxane was always observed. Addition of 1 equiv of a disilane to Ru(COD)(COT) in the presence of 2 equiv of the desired phosphine under an H2 atmosphere produces the complexes [RuH2{(η2-HSiMe2)2X}(PR3)2] (X = C6H4, R = Ph (3Ph2) and R = pyl (3pyl2); X = (CH2)2, R = Ph, 4Ph2; R = pyl, 4pyl2). 4Ph2 was also characterized by an X-ray structure determination.
Test Setup For Instrumented Initiation Tests (2000)

The initiation threshold of fragment impact on explosives was tested with single and double fragment impacts with zero and defined small time differences at constant 40 mm impact distance against confined Composition B charges. Reaction levels can be described by the debris sizes of the casing, respectively of the confinement. Much more distinctively, these results can be analyzed more in detail by the pressure profiles measured with in-situ pressure gauges. Testanordnung für instrumentierte Initiierungstests Die Initiierungsgrenze gegenüber verdämmten Composition B-Ladungen wurde mit Einzel- und Zweifachsplitterbeschuß bei gleichzeitigem Aufschlag oder mit geringer Zeitdifferenz bei konstantem gegenseitigen Trefferabstand von 40 mm ermittelt. Das erreichte Reaktionsniveau kann zum Einen aus den Fragmentgrößen des Gehäuses bzw. der Verdämmungselemente ermittelt werden. Noch besser und exakter können diese summarischen Ergebnisse aufgrund der gemessenen Druckprofile von eingebetteten Druckaufnehmern analysiert und ausgedeutet werden. Montage expérimental pour tests d'initiation instrumentés On a déterminé le seuil d'initiation lors de l'impact de fragments contre des charges confinées à base de Composition B à l'aide d'impacts de fragments simples ou doubles; les impacts ont eu lieu simultanément ou avec de faibles intervalles de temps pour une distance d'impact constante de 40 mm. Le niveau de réaction peut être décrit par la taille des débris du revêtement ou du confinement. Plus précisément, ces résultats peuvent être analysés plus en détail grâce aux profils de pression mesurés à l'aide de jauges de pression intégrées.
Evaluation of a new valproic acid enzyme immunoassay and comparison with a capillary gas-chromatographic method. (1981)

A new homogeneous immunoassay (EMIT) for valproic acid was evaluated. Besides testing the manual version of this enzyme immunoassay, we also developed two mechanized procedures for centrifugal analyzers (the CentrifiChem and the COBAS system), which take less time and are more precise than the manual method. Within-assay precision (CV) was 4.5% with the manual technique and 2% with the analyzers. Between-assay precision (CV) ranged from 4 to 13% for all three techniques. Accuracy of th manual method was checked by dilution and analytical recovery experiments. Our comparison of the EMIT results with those obtained by a comparison method (capillary gas chromatography) showed no significant difference. No interference from hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, or aliphatic amino acids was observed. At high concentrations of bile acids and with lipemic sera the analytical recovery rates decreased slightly, to 87% and 92%, respectively.
Structure of antibiotic M139603; X-ray crystal structure of the 4-bromo-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl derivative (1981)

D. H. Davies, E. W. Snape, P. J. Suter, T. J. King and C. P. Falshaw, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 1073 DOI: 10.1039/C39810001073
Mississippian strata of southeastern New Mexico: distribution, structure, and hydrocarbon plays (2009)

Mississippian strata of southeastern New Mexico are Kinderhookian to Chesterian in age. In Eddy, Lea, and southern Chaves Counties, depth to the top of the Mississip- pian ranges from 5,500 ft in the northwest to 17,000 ft in the southeast. Lower Mississip- pian (Kinderhookian and Osagian) strata are 0-800 ft thick and comprise marine limestones and minor shales and chert. Upper Mississip- pian (Meramecian and Chesterian) strata are 0-600 ft thick and comprise shallow marine limestones and shales. Within the Upper Mis- sissippian section there is a sharp transition from shelf deposits dominated by limestones in the north to the basinal Barnett Shale in the south. Stratigraphic analyses suggest a Missis- sippian ancestry for the Tatum Basin and for the Lower Permian shelf-basin boundary. Forty-five gas and oil pools have been productive from Mississippian reservoirs in Eddy, Lea, and southern Chaves Counties. Twenty-seven pools have been productive from Upper Mississippian reservoirs, and 14 have been productive from Lower Missis- sippian reservoirs. Four gas pools have been productive from both Upper and Lower Mis- sissippian reservoirs. The Mississippian play is one of the least developed plays in south- eastern New Mexico and has yielded a cumu- lative 46 billion ft3 (BCF) gas and 1.4 million bbls oil and condensate (MMBO) from the 45 pools in Eddy, Lea, and southern Chaves Counties. Most production has been obtained from Chesterian limestone reservoirs of the northern shelf. Chesterian reservoirs have been developed in the paleostructurally low Tatum Basin where uppermost Chesterian strata were preserved before deposition of Early Pennsylvanian sediments. Four subplays are identified in the Mississip- pian of Eddy, Lea, and southern Chaves Coun- ties of southeastern New Mexico: (1) Chester shallow marine limestones in the Tatum Basin on the northern shelf; (2) Upper Mississip- pian limestones interbedded with Barnett shales just south of the shelf-basin transition; (3) small and widely disseminated reservoirs in lower Mississippian limestones in the north; and (4) the as-yet untested Barnett Shale in the southern basin.
Operation of LaCoste and Romberg Gravimeter at sensitivity approaching the thermal fluctuation limits (1966)

Closed loop LaCoste and Romberg gravimeter servo system operating at sensitivity approach thermal fluctuation limits
Study on the lipid organization of stratum corneum lipid models by (cryo-) electron diffraction (1998)

The barrier function of the skin resides in the stratum corneum (SC). This outermost layer consists of protein-rich corneocytes and lipid-rich intercellular domains. These domains form the rate-limiting step for transepidermal water loss and the penetration of substances from the environment. To study the nature of the barrier function, stratum corneum lipid models have been examined with wide-angle X-ray diffraction. A disadvantage of this technique is that it requires bulk quantities of lipid and thus information on variations in the lateral packing cannot be obtained in the microm-range. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which electron diffraction is applied on SC lipid model systems. Using this technique, local structural information was obtained about mixtures prepared from isolated pig ceramides, cholesterol, and long-chain free fatty acids. It appeared that addition of free fatty acids caused a transition from a hexagonal to an orthorhombic packing and that electron diffraction can be applied to distinguish between these two lattices. The results are in good agreement with wide-angle X-ray diffraction data and suggest that application of electron diffraction in skin studies can provide new information on the lipid organization in well-defined areas of the stratum corneum.
<i>H</i><sub>∞</sub> estimation for uncertain systems (1992)

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of H ∞ estimation for linear systems with a certain type of time‐varying norm‐bounded parameter uncertainty in both the state and output matrices. We address the problem of designing an asymptotically stable estimator that guarantees a prescribed level of H ∞ noise attenuation for all admissible parameter uncertainties. Both an interpolation theory approach and a Riccati equation approach are proposed to solve the estimation problem, with each method having its own advantages. The first approach seems more numerically attractive whilst the second one provides a simple structure for the estimator with its solution given in terms of two algebraic Riccati equations and a parameterization of a class of suitable H ∞ estimators. The Riccati equation approach also pinpoints the ‘worst‐case’ uncertainty.
Stereospecific analyses of seed triacylglycerols from high‐erucic acid brassicaceae: Detection of erucic acid at the<i>sn</i>‐2 position in<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. Genotypes (1994)

Abstract Stereospecific analyses of triacylglycerols from selected high‐erucic acid breeding lines or cultivars of Brassica napus L. and B. oleracea L. have been performed. Initial lipase screening revealed that while all B. napus lines contained little or no erucic acid at the sn ‐2 position, several of the B. oleracea lines had significant proportions of erucic acid at this position. Detailed stereospecific analyses were performed on the triacylglycerols from these lines by using a Grignard‐based deacylation, conversion of the sn ‐1, sn ‐2 and sn ‐3 monoacylglycerols to their di‐dinitrophenyl urethane (DNPU) derivatives, resolution of the di‐DNPU‐monoacylglycerols (MAGs) by high‐performance liquid chromatography on a chiral column, transmethylation of each sn ‐di‐DNPU MAG fraction and analysis of the resulting fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography. The findings unequivocally demonstrate for the first time that, within the Brassicaceae, there exists B. oleracea germplasm containing seed oils with substantial erucic acid (30–35 mol%) at the sn ‐2 position. This has important implications for biotechnology and breeding efforts designed to increase the levels of erucic acid in rapeseed beyond 66 mol% to supply strategic industrial feedstocks. In the first instance, the germplasm will be of direct use in retrieving a gene encoding a Brassica lyso ‐phosphatidic acid acyltransferase with an affinity for erucoyl‐CoA. In a breeding program, the germplasm offers promise for the introduction of this trait into B. napus by interspecific hybridization and embryo rescue.
On a Method of Conversion and Reconversion of Spatial into Temporal Frequencies (1968)

A method is presented for recording into the temporal domain the information contained in a light wavefront. This is achieved by making the wavefront interfere with the field from a moving point-light source and integrating the intensity of the interference pattern in space with an extended photodetector. In the inverse process, the time dependent signal is converted, with a suitable arrangement, in a hologram. Possible applications to holograms of steady or moving objects are considered. An experiment supporting the theoretical conclusions is presented.
Synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic properties of copper(<scp>II</scp>) compounds containing nitrogen–sulphur donor ligands; the crystal and molecular structure of aqua[1,7-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2′-yl)-2,6-dithiaheptane]copper(<scp>II</scp>) perchlorate (1984)

The linear quadridentate N2S2 donor ligand 1,7-bis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2′-yl)-2,6-dithiaheptane (bmdhp) forms mono- and di-hydrate 1 : 1 copper(II) complexes which are significantly more stable toward autoreduction than those of the non-methylated analogue. The deep green monohydrate of the perchlorate salt crystallises as the mononuclear aqua-complex, [Cu(bmdhp)(OH2)][ClO4]2, in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with Z= 4, a= 18.459(3), b= 10.362(2), c= 16.365(3)Å, and β= 117.14(1)°. The structure was solved and refined by standard Patterson, Fourier, and least-squares techniques to R= 0.047 and R′= 0.075 for 3 343 independent reflections with l > 2σ(l). The compound consists of [Cu(bmdhp)(OH2)]2+ ions and ClO4– counter ions. The co-ordination around copper is intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal, with Cu–N distances of 1.950(4) and 1.997(4)Å, Cu–O(water) 2.225(4)Å, and Cu–S 2.328(1) and 2.337(1)Å. In the solid state, the perchlorate dihydrate's co-ordination sphere may be a topoisomer of the monohydrate's. A new angular structural parameter, τ, is defined and proposed as an index of trigonality, as a general descriptor of five-co-ordinate centric molecules. By this criterion, the irregular co-ordination geometry of [Cu(bmdhp)(OH2)]2+ in the solid state is described as being 48% along the pathway of distortion from square pyramidal toward trigonal bipyramidal. In the electronic spectrum of the complex, assignment is made of the S(thioether)→ Cu charge-transfer bands by comparison with those of the colourless complex Zn(bmdhp)(OH)(ClO4). E.s.r. and ligand-field spectra show that the copper(II) compounds adopt a tetragonal structure in donor solvents.
Study of high Tc superconducting thin films grown by MOCVD (metalorganic chemical vapor deposition) (1989)

In this report, we provide a summary of the progress made during the grant period (July 1, 1986--September 30 ,1989). Initially the focus of this program was on the development of underlying science and technology for the fabrication of metal-semiconductor superlattices. The major motivation for this work was to search for excitonic superconductivity in these structures as predicted by theory, in addition to the obvious microelectronic applications. After the discovery of superconductivity with transition temperatures above 77K, naturally we have turned out attention also to this new class of materials. We describe briefly our work carried under this program on the development of techniques to grow metal-semiconductor superlattices (artificially layered materials) and on the copper oxide based superconductors (naturally layered materials).
Elastic and ultrasonic properties of the prostate (1993)

Although ultrasound imaging of the prostate continues to attract increasing clinical attention, little has been published on the fundamental ultrasound properties of normal and abnormal prostates. This report provides data on ultrasound properties of whole canine and human prostate specimens, and also the results of measurements of elastic properties of whole organs. The high frequency (ultrasound) properties are germane to B-scan imaging of the prostate, whereas the low frequency (elastic) properties are germane to the perceived “stiffness” of the organ during palpation. The two domains of high frequency (MHz ultrasound imaging) and low frequency (elastic constants) have recently been coupled by a novel technique called "sonoelasticity imaging" and understanding of the basic properties is required for successful development of sonoelastic techniques
Er^3+ doped and Er^3+/Pr^3+ co-doped gallium-antimony-sulphur chalcogenide glasses for infrared applications (2016)

Er3+- and Pr3+-doped Ga-Sb-S chalcogenide glasses were prepared by the traditional melt-quenching method, and their optical properties in the infrared range were investigated. In order to enhance the mid infrared emissions at 2740 nm of Er3+, Pr3+ was introduced into the glass system. Under 808 nm excitation, the emission of 2740 nm was significantly enhanced in the co-doped sample while the emission of 1550 nm was oppositely reduced. Fluorescence decay results indicated that the lifetime of Er3+: 4I13/2 at 1550 nm was evidently decreased in the co-doped sample. The mechanism of the energy transfer process between Er3+ and Pr3+ ions were investigated in this work.
Accurate monitoring of intravascular fluid volume: A novel application of intrathoracic impedance measures for the guidance of volume reduction therapy (2015)

Impedance vectors derived from a multivector monitoring system reflect changes in intravascular plasma volume. Two of these vectors most closely track changes in plasma volume and may be used to more accurately guide and optimize volume reduction therapy.
A methodology for managing database and code changes in a regression testing framework (2012)

Large system development typically involves changes to code and database components. In these environments, testing continues to be the biggest challenge. Since release cycles include both database and code changes, thorough testing of existing schemas and code base is paramount. Code needs to be tested with a static database, database changes need to be tested on a static code base, and finally, both changes need to be tested together.
Pruning Forests to Find the Trees (2016)

The vast majority of phylogenetic databases do not support a declarative querying platform using which their contents can be flexibly and conveniently accessed. The template based query interfaces they support do not allow arbitrary speculative queries. While a small number of graph query languages such as XQuery, Cypher and GraphQL exist for computer savvy users, most are too general and complex to be useful for biologists, and too inefficient for large phylogeny querying. In this paper, we discuss a recently introduced visual query language, called PhyQL, that leverages phylogeny specific properties to support essential and powerful constructs for a large class of phylogentic queries. Its deductive reasoner based implementation offers opportunities for a wide range of pruning strategies to speed up processing using query specific optimization and thus making it suitable for large phylogeny querying. A hybrid optimization technique that exploits a set of indices and "graphlet" partitioning is discussed. A "fail soonest" strategy is used to avoid hopeless processing and is shown to produce dividends.
Approach to Extrapolating Reliability of Circuits Operating in a Varying and Low Temperature Range (2006)

We present an approach to extrapolating circuit reliability to use conditions with a varying and low temperature range. The approach integrates the impact of the statistical nature of transistor lifetime on circuit reliability to give a more realistic circuit reliability projection. Even though the approach is demonstrated for low temperature applications by focusing on hot carrier aging failure mechanism, it can be applied and easily extended to other failure mechanisms for any varying temperature operating conditions
Ultra low loss polymer waveguides (2003)

Perfluoropolymer waveguide structures exhibiting polarization independent ultra low loss of <0.05 dB/cm at 1310 nm and <0.07 dB/cm at 1550 nm have been fabricated for the first time. These new low loss structures indicate relatively high power handling reliability.
2-Trihalogenomethylbenzazoles. Part III. Reactions of 2-trichloromethylbenzimidazole with nucleophiles (1967)

Nucleophilic displacements of chlorine from 2-trichloromethylbenzimidazole by water, alcohols, phenols, and their sulphur analogues are described. The special reactivity of the trichloromethyl group in this compound is compared with that of the trichloromethyl group in non-activated positions. The Friedel–Crafts reaction of 2-trichloromethylbenzimidazole with benzene is reported.
A Comparative Study of Real-Time Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving (2018)

Semantic segmentation is a critical module in robotics related applications, especially autonomous driving. Most of the research on semantic segmentation is focused on improving the accuracy with less attention paid to computationally efficient solutions. Majority of the efficient semantic segmentation algorithms have customized optimizations without scalability and there is no systematic way to compare them. In this paper, we present a real-time segmentation benchmarking framework and study various segmentation algorithms for autonomous driving. We implemented a generic meta-architecture via a decoupled design where different types of encoders and decoders can be plugged in independently. We provide several example encoders including VGG16, Resnet18, MobileNet, and ShuffleNet and decoders including SkipNet, UNet and Dilation Frontend. The framework is scalable for addition of new encoders and decoders developed in the community for other vision tasks. We performed detailed experimental analysis on cityscapes dataset for various combinations of encoder and decoder. The modular framework enabled rapid prototyping of a custom efficient architecture which provides ~x143 GFLOPs reduction compared to SegNet and runs real-time at ~15 fps on NVIDIA Jetson TX2. The source code of the framework is publicly available.
Nanoscale Twinned Copper Nanowire Formation by Direct Electrodeposition (2009)

Lamellar copper nanowires with a high density of traverse twins (twin spacing even less than one nm) are synthesized (see image). These wires spontaneously grow from a pure electrolyte of CuSO4 by electrodeposition. Micromechanical testing and electrical four-probe measurements impressively demonstrate that the highly twinned nanowires show a remarkably high mechanical strength while at the same time maintaining a high electrical conductivity.