gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis Risk Assessment for Shell Eggs and Egg Products (2002)

This article summarizes a quantitative microbial risk assessment designed to characterize the public health impact of consumption of shell eggs and egg products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). This risk assessment's objectives were to: (1) establish the baseline risk of foodborne illness from SE, (2) identify and evaluate potential risk mitigation strategies, and (3) identify data gaps related to future research efforts. The risk assessment model has five modules. The Egg Production module estimates the number of eggs produced that are SE-contaminated. Shell Egg Processing, Egg Products Processing, and Preparation & Consumption modules estimate the increase or decrease in the numbers of SE organisms in eggs or egg products as they pass through storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. A Public Health Outcomes module then calculates the incidence of illnesses and four clinical outcomes, as well as the cases of reactive arthritis associated with SE infection following consumption. The baseline model estimates an average production of 2.3 million SE-contaminated shell eggs/year of the estimated 69 billion produced annually and predicts an average of 661,633, human illnesses per year from consumption of these eggs. The model estimates approximately 94% of these cases recover without medical care, 5% visit a physician, an additional 0.5% are hospitalized, and 0.05% result in death. The contribution of SE from commercially pasteurized egg products was estimated to be negligible. Five mitigation scenarios were selected for comparison of their individual and combined effects on the number of human illnesses. Results suggest that mitigation in only one segment of the farm-to-table continuum will be less effective than several applied in different segments. Key data gaps and areas for future research include the epidemiology of SE on farms, the bacteriology of SE in eggs, human behavior in food handling and preparation, and human responses to SE exposure.
Silencing of<i>PMEPA1</i>accelerates the growth of prostate cancer cells through AR, NEDD4 and PTEN (2015)

Androgen Receptor (AR) is the male hormone receptor and a nuclear transcription factor which plays a central role in the growth of normal and malignant prostate gland. Our earlier studies defined a mechanistic model for male hormone dependent regulation of AR protein levels in prostate cancer (CaP) cells through a negative feed-back loop between AR and PMEPA1, an androgen induced NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding protein. This report focuses on the impact of PMEPA1 silencing on CaP biology. PMEPA1 knockdown accelerated the growth of CaP tumor cells in athymic nude mice. In cell culture models knockdown of PMEPA1 resulted in resistance to AR inhibitors enzalutamide and bicalutamide. While, AR protein down regulation by NEDD4 was PMEPA1 dependent, we also noted a PMEPA1 independent downregulation of PTEN by NEDD4. In a subset of human CaP, decreased PMEPA1 mRNA expression significantly correlated with increased levels of AR transcription target PSA, as a surrogate for elevated AR. This study highlights that silencing of PMEPA1 accelerates the growth of CaP cells through AR, NEDD4 and PTEN. Thus, the therapeutic restoration of PMEPA1 represents a promising complementary strategy correcting for AR and PTEN defects in CaP. Statement of significance: Here we define that silencing of PMEPA1 facilitates the growth of CaP cells and modulates AR through NEDD4 and PTEN. The restoration of PMEPA1 represents a promising complementary therapeutic strategy correcting for AR and PTEN defects.
Analysis of Novel Soluble Chromate and Uranyl Reductases and Generation of an Improved Enzyme by Directed Evolution (2006)

Most polluted sites contain mixed waste. This is especially true of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) waste sites which hold a complex mixture of heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic solvents. In such environments enzymes that can remediate multiple pollutants are advantageous. We report here evolution of an enzyme, ChrR6 (formerly referred to as Y6), which shows a markedly enhanced capacity for remediating two of the most serious and prevalent DOE contaminants, chromate and uranyl. ChrR6 is a soluble enzyme and reduces chromate and uranyl intracellularly. Thus, the reduced product is at least partially sequestered and nucleated, minimizing the chances of reoxidation. Only one amino acid change, (Tyr)128(Asn), was responsible for the observed improvement. We show here that ChrR6 makes Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli more efficient agents for bioremediation if the cellular permeability barrier to the metals is decreased.
The role of neuroimaging in diagnosis and personalized medicine-current position and likely future directions (2009)

The main aim of this article is to discuss the current state of in vivo brain imaging methods in the context of the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. The background to current practice is discussed, and the new methods introduced which may have the capacity to increase the relevance of magnetic resonance imaqinq, particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging, for clinical application. The main focus will be on magnetic resonance imaging, but many of the comments have a general relevance across imaging modalities.
Improving Software Development Using Scrum Model by Analyzing Up and Down Movements On The Sprint Burn Down Chart - Proposition for Better Alternatives. (2009)

Among various models, now a day, to address changing customer’s needs, commercial software developers intend to use iterative processes. Agile software development processes are built on the foundation of iterative development. One of the agile development processes is Scrum, which is an iterative incremental process of software development. Besides meeting varying needs of customer, timely delivery of product is important too. To predict when all of the work will be completed the developers use Burn Down Chart which represents work left to do vs. time. Theoretically, progression of time should leave less amount of task, the chart will look like straight line and the sprint will remain constant. However, in software industry, the irregularities on burn down chart are common which are the ups and downs occurring due to introducing new story points, new technology, wrong estimation of resources, cost and schedule. These reasons in turn affect the cost of the project, which in turn pull down the quality of the product because of failed to attain the defined sprint goal. To avoid such irregularities in development the better solution might be use of sprint burn up chart or modified Phil Goodwin and Russ Rufer’s burn down chart.
Effect of a new bisphosphonate, YM175, on experimental periodontitis in hamsters. (1994)

ビスホスフォネート新誘導体disodium dihydrogen (cycloheptylamino) methylene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (YM175) は骨吸収を顕著に抑制することが知られている。本実験は, ゴールデンハムスターを蔗糖含有飼料 (蔗糖30%, 粉末) で飼育して実験的歯周炎を惹起させ, YM175 (0.001～0.3mg/kg), およびすでに骨代謝改善剤として臨床で用いられている1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP; 1～10mg/kg) を皮下投与し, 歯槽骨吸収に及ぼす影響を詳細に検討し, 以下の結果を得た。1. 生理食塩液投与対照群の下顎第一臼歯近心歯槽骨の近心側では, 実験開始2週後において顕著な破骨細胞の増加が認められた。一方, YM175皮下投与により, 実験開始1週後における下顎第一臼歯近心歯槽骨の歯根面に沿い骨芽細胞の増加が観察され, 2週後における破骨細胞の増加は認められなかった。2. 蔗糖含有飼料飼育により惹起された下顎第一臼歯近心の歯槽骨吸収は, YM175およびHEBP連続投与により抑制された。3. HEBPの歯槽骨吸収抑制効果はYM175に比較し, 少なかった。4.YM175投与により顎骨重量の減少は抑制された。5. YM175投与による血中のカルシウム, 無機リン濃度およびアルカリフォスファターゼ活性の変動は少なかった。以上, YM175は実験的歯周炎における歯槽骨吸収の抑制作用を示すことが明らかとなり, 新しいタイプの歯周疾患予防の薬物として考えられる。
Highly Monodisperse Zirconia-Coated Silica Spheres and Zirconia/Silica Hollow Spheres with Remarkable Textural Properties (2006)

High surface area zirconia is an interesting material for many applications. In this contribution, we describe the synthesis of SiO2@ZrO2 and @ZrO2 (Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Correa-Duarte, M. A.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Mulvaney, P.; Ung, T.; Giersig, M.; Kotov, N. A. In Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials; Nalwa, H. S., Ed.; Academic Press: San Diego, 2001; Vol. 3) of high surface area zirconia. The synthesis consists of (1) preparing monodisperse silica spheres; (2) coating the spheres with hydrated zirconia; (3) aging the composites; (4) calcining the composite at 1173 K; and (5) leaching the silica with NaOH solution. This process results in the formation of hollow zirconia spheres with a surface area of around 300 m2 g-1. The zirconia is present in the tetragonal polymorph. The final material still contains silicon and sodium. However, it is present in a phase of which the nature could not be fully ascertained.
Unaggregated serum IgA binds to neutrophil FcαR at physiological concentrations and is endocytosed but cross-linking is necessary to elicit a respiratory burst (1994)

My43 is a monoclonal antibody directed against Fc alpha Rs on monocytes that also recognizes neutrophil (PMN) Fc alpha Rs and is able to elicit a respiratory burst in purified cells. It appears to be directed against the immunoglobulin A (IgA) binding site of Fc alpha Rs or an epitope in close proximity, since IgA and My43 compete for binding to PMNs. My43 immunoblotted Fc alpha R that had been affinity purified from PMN membranes and immunoprecipitated a 50-70 kDa protein from radiolabeled PMN membranes, apparently identical to that purified on IgA-Sepharose. These results suggest the presence of a single class of Fc alpha R on PMNs. Binding of unaggregated monomeric or dimeric serum IgA to Fc alpha Rs on PMNs occurs at physiological concentrations, suggesting that in vivo Fc alpha Rs are saturated with ligand. This binding does not elicit a respiratory burst. Purified PMNs do not express surface IgA, since receptor-bound IgA is lost from the cell surface by endocytosis at room temperature although not at 4 degree C. Rapid endocytosis of receptor-bound IgA has been demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Unoccupied receptor that is able to bind IgA or My43 is subsequently reexpressed. Cross-linking of surface-bound IgA using F(ab')2 anti-alpha chain antibodies triggers an oxidative burst. After internalization of the surface IgA the same F(ab')2 anti-alpha chain antibodies do not trigger the burst.
The Cementing Value of Bituminous Binders (1914)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cementing Value of Bituminous BindersLester KirschbraunCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1914, 6, 12, 976–985Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1914Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1914https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50072a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50072a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 0.72 mu m/sup 2/ recessed STC (RSTC) technology for 256 Mbit DRAMs using quarter-micron phase-shift lithography (2003)

A recessed stacked capacitor (RSTC) structure to achieve both fine-pattern delineation and high cell capacitance is presented. Using a RSTC structure, an experimental memory array with 0.25 mu m phase-shift lithography and CVD-W plate technology has been fabricated. A 25-fF/cell capacitance was obtained in a 0.72 mu m/sup 2/ cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Superposed transmission of high speed QPSK signals and SSMA-QPSK signals in non-linear channels (2003)

Spread-spectrum multiaccess quadrature phase-shift keying (SSMA-QPSK) signal transmission superposed over high-speed QPSK modulated signals is proposed and analyzed experimentally. Experimental results show that when the SSMA-QPSK signal power to QPSK signal power ratio equals -30 dB, the scheme can transmit 20 SSMA-QPSK channels and a high-speed QPSK channel over the same transponder simultaneously and realize 1.530 b/s/Hz of frequency utilization efficiency (superposed transmission of 60-Mb/s QPSK signals and 20 32-kb/s SSMA-QPSK signals over a 36-MHz transponder).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved footprint analysis using video recording to assess functional recovery following injury to the rat sciatic nerve (1994)

Footprint analysis is a non-invasive method to quantitate functional recovery after crush injury in the rat sciatic nerve model. Traditional methods of producing the footprints for measurement are limited by inability to reliably produce clear prints when the injury is severe. We describe the use of video technique with image analysis to record and measure these prints. Video had fewer unmeasurable prints than ink. For the 1-5 and 2-4 toe spreads, there was good correlation of video measurements with ink method and better repeatability using video as compared with ink. However, the print length parameter determined by video had poorer repeatability and poorly correlated with that measured by ink. Therefore, calculation of a Sciatic Function Index by video is not appropriate. Since the print length also varies with gait velocity, we believe that a ratio of injured:uninjured hindfoot 1-5 toe spreads as measured by video is a more reliable and repeatable measure of functional recovery in this model.
Studies on Alkali Alumino-silicate Hydrogel: Part I—Effect of Experimental Variable on Gel Formation (1972)

With the object of preparing high exchanging homogeneous alkali alumino-silicate hydrogel wet interaction between sodium silicate and sodium aluminate has been studied with respect to the experimental variables such as concentration of the ingredient solutions, temperature during mixing, alkalinity and ratio of Al2O3: SiO3, in the mixture. It has been possible to arrive at an optimum condition for homogeneous gel formation.
Aporphines. 28. Preparation of (-)-N-[3H- and -2H]propylnorapomorphine (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAporphines. 28. Preparation of (-)-N-[3H- and -2H]propylnorapomorphineCrist N. Filer, David Ahern, Felix E. Granchelli, John L. Neumeyer, and Say-Jong LawCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 17, 3465–3467Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01305a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01305a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> contains a conventional γ-tubulin that is differentially required for the maintenance of different microtubule-organizing centers (2002)

The gene (GTU1) encoding Tetrahymena thermophila gamma-tubulin was cloned and analyzed. GTU1 is a single-copy, essential gene encoding a conventional gamma-tubulin. HA-tagged GTU1p localizes to four microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in vegetative cells: basal bodies (BBs), macronuclear envelopes, micronuclear envelopes, and contractile vacuole pores. gamma-Tubulin function was studied by placing the GTU1 gene under control of an inducible-repressible promoter. Overexpression of GTU1 had no detectable effect on cell growth or morphology. Depletion of gamma-tubulin resulted in marked changes in cell morphology and in MT bundling. MTOCs showed different sensitivities to gamma-tubulin depletion, with BBs being the most sensitive. gamma-Tubulin was required not only for the formation of new BBs but also for maintenance of mature BBs. BBs disappeared in stages, first losing gamma-tubulin and then centrin and glutamylated tubulin. When GTU1 expression was reinduced in depleted cells, BBs reformed rapidly, and the normal, highly organized structure of the Tetrahymena cell cortex was reestablished, indicating that the precise patterning of the cortex can be formed de novo.
Parameters affecting the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving antiretroviral therapy. (1993)

HIV-infected patients with profound immunodeficiency, especially those with less than 50 CD4 cells/microL, are at substantial risk of developing NHL and particularly PCNSL. Additional studies are needed to define the role of other factors such as IL-6 in the pathogenesis of these opportunistic tumors.
Deep reinforcement learning compared with Q-table learning applied to backgammon (2016)

Reinforcement learning attempts to mimic how humans react to their surrounding environment by giving feedback to software agents based on the actions they take. To test the capabilities of these agents, researches have long regarded board games as a powerful tool. This thesis compares two approaches to reinforcement learning in the board game backgammon, a Q-table and a deep reinforcement network. It was determined which approach surpassed the other in terms of accuracy and convergence rate towards the perceived optimal strategy. The evaluation is performed by training the agents using the self-learning approach. After variable amounts of training sessions, the agents are benchmarked against each other and a third, random agent. The results derived from the study indicate that the convergence rate of the deep learning agent is far superior to that of the Q-table agent. However, the results also indicate that the accuracy of Q-tables is greater than that of deep learning once the former has mapped the environment.
Telemedicine ophthalmology consultation in remote Queensland (1997)

Ophthalmology is well suited to telemedicine for the diagnosis and management of acute conditions and postoperative assessment of patients in remote areas. It offers considerable potential benefits to patients, and enhances the skills of local practitioners.
Pattern-Based Classification: A Unifying Perspective (2011)

The use of patterns in predictive models is a topic that has received a lot of attention in recent years. Pattern mining can help to obtain models for structured domains, such as graphs and sequences, and has been proposed as a means to obtain more accurate and more interpretable models. Despite the large amount of publications devoted to this topic, we believe however that an overview of what has been accomplished in this area is missing. This paper presents our perspective on this evolving area. We identify the principles of pattern mining that are important when mining patterns for models and provide an overview of pattern-based classification methods. We categorize these methods along the following dimensions: (1) whether they post-process a pre-computed set of patterns or iteratively execute pattern mining algorithms; (2) whether they select patterns model-independently or whether the pattern selection is guided by a model. We summarize the results that have been obtained for each of these methods.
<title>Optical coupling analysis and vibration characterization for packaging of 2X2 MEMS vertical torsion mirror switches</title> (1998)

We report optical coupling loss and vibration characterization for packaging of 2 X 2 vertical torsion mirror switches. The coupling losses of fiber-to-fiber and fiber-lens-lens-fiber are examined in order to design 2 X 2 MEMS optical switches required for the performance specification. The results indicate that the fiber-lens- lens-fiber configuration provides a over 1 mm working distance of 2.5 dB loss between the lens centers. The fiber- to-fiber only allows 175 micrometers for the same loss. In addition, the mechanical frequency response of the vertical torsion mirror is experimentally examined by electrostatic excitation. The discrepancy between the calculated and the measured nature frequencies is investigated by the study of the effect of the in-house post processes.
Connexin43 is required for production of the aqueous humor in the murine eye (2006)

Connexin43 is a major component of the gap junctions between pigmented and non-pigmented cells of the double-layered epithelium in the ciliary body of the eye. We directly tested the hypothesis that gap junctions play a crucial role in the production of the aqueous humor by inactivating the GJA1 (connexin43) gene in the pigmented epithelium with cre-loxP technology. To accomplish this, we crossed a line expressing cre recombinase driven by the nestin promoter and a line with floxed connexin43 alleles. Resultant lines exhibited loss of connexin43 from the pigmented epithelium, iris, retinal pigment epithelium and the lens. We observed plasma proteins in the aqueous humor and pathological changes consistent with a loss of intraocular pressure. As the ciliary body is responsible for aqueous humor production, these data support the hypothesis that the gap junctions between pigmented and non-pigmented epithelium are necessary for production of the aqueous humor that is in turn required for the generation of normal intraocular pressure and nourishment of the postnatal lens. The loss of connexin43 expression in the iris correlated with a separation of the posterior pigmented epithelium from the anterior myoepithelium and with meiosis, possibly resulting from a loss of function of the dilator pupillae.
Modeling Algae Growth in an Open-Channel Raceway (2010)

Cost-effective implementation of microalgae as a solar-to-chemical energy conversion platform requires extensive system optimization; computer modeling can bring this to bear. This work uses modified versions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) in conjunction with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers' water-quality code (CE-QUAL) to simulate hydrodynamics coupled to growth kinetics of algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) in open-channel raceways. The model allows the flexibility to manipulate a host of variables associated with raceway-design, algal-growth, water-quality, hydrodynamic, and atmospheric conditions. The model provides realistic results wherein growth rates follow the diurnal fluctuation of solar irradiation and temperature. The greatest benefit that numerical simulation of the flow system offers is the ability to design the raceway before construction, saving considerable cost and time. Moreover, experiment operators can evaluate the impacts of various changes to system conditions (e.g., depth, temperature, flow speeds) without risking the algal biomass under study.