gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Gene Therapy for Bone Regeneration: Gene Delivery, Animal Models, and Outcome Measures (2010)

While various problems with bone healing remain, the greatest clinical change is the absence of an effective approach to manage large segmental defects in limbs and craniofacial bones caused by trauma or cancer. Thus, nontraditional forms of medicine, such as gene therapy, have been investigated as a potential solution. The use of osteogenic genes has shown great potential in bone regeneration and fracture healing. Several methods for gene delivery to the fracture site have been described. The majority of them include a cellular component as the carrying vector, an approach known as cell-mediated gene therapy. Yet, the complexity involved with cell isolation and culture emphasizes the advantages of direct gene delivery as an alternative strategy. Here we review the various approaches of direct gene delivery for bone repair, the choice of animal models, and the various outcome measures required to evaluate the efficiency and safety of each technique. Special emphasis is given to noninvasive, quantitative, in vivo monitoring of gene expression and biodistribution in live animals. Research efforts should aim at inducing a transient, localized osteogenic gene expression within a fracture site to generate an effective therapeutic approach that would eventually lead to clinical use.
Learning an animatable detailed 3D face model from in-the-wild images (2021)

While current monocular 3D face reconstruction methods can recover fine geometric details, they suffer several limitations. Some methods produce faces that cannot be realistically animated because they do not model how wrinkles vary with expression. Other methods are trained on high-quality face scans and do not generalize well to in-the-wild images. We present the first approach that regresses 3D face shape and animatable details that are specific to an individual but change with expression. Our model, DECA (Detailed Expression Capture and Animation), is trained to robustly produce a UV displacement map from a low-dimensional latent representation that consists of person-specific detail parameters and generic expression parameters, while a regressor is trained to predict detail, shape, albedo, expression, pose and illumination parameters from a single image. To enable this, we introduce a novel detail-consistency loss that disentangles person-specific details from expression-dependent wrinkles. This disentanglement allows us to synthesize realistic person-specific wrinkles by controlling expression parameters while keeping person-specific details unchanged. DECA is learned from in-the-wild images with no paired 3D supervision and achieves state-of-the-art shape reconstruction accuracy on two benchmarks. Qualitative results on in-the-wild data demonstrate DECA's robustness and its ability to disentangle identity- and expression-dependent details enabling animation of reconstructed faces. The model and code are publicly available at https://deca.is.tue.mpg.de.
Ellipsometry investigation of nucleation and growth of electron cyclotron resonance plasma deposited silicon films (1993)

The nucleation and initial growth of Si films is fundamental to the understanding and control of rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD), and plasma enhanced CVD(PECVD) processes. Herein is reported the nucleation and growth of Si deposited on oxidized silicon wafers by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) PECVD in the 600–700 °C temperature range, under low pressures, and using both in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and single wavelength real-time ellipsometry. An island growth and coalescence model is used to interpret the real-time ellipsometry data. Initial nuclei distance and growth parameters are derived. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the early stage of nucleation. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to measure the final Si film thicknesses and optical properties. The deposited Si films were characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy.
<title>Compressed-domain video indexing techniques using DCT and motion vector information in MPEG video</title> (1997)

Development of various multimedia applications hinges on the availability of fast and efficient storage, browsing, indexing, and retrieval techniques. Given that video is typically stored efficiently in a compressed format, if we can analyze the compressed representation directly, we can avoid the costly overhead of decompressing and operating at the pixel level. Compressed domain parsing of video has been presented in earlier work where a video clip is divided into shots, subshots, and scenes. In this paper, we describe key frame selection, feature extraction, and indexing and retrieval techniques that are directly applicable to MPEG compressed video. We develop a frame-type independent representation of the various types of frames present in an MPEG video in which al frames can be considered equivalent. Features are derived from the available DCT, macroblock, and motion vector information and mapped to a low-dimensional space where they can be accessed with standard database techniques. The spatial information is used as primary index while the temporal information is used to enhance the robustness of the system during the retrieval process. The techniques presented enable fast archiving, indexing, and retrieval of video. Our operational prototype typically takes a fraction of a second to retrieve similar video scenes from our database, with over 95% success.
Web-Based Language Testing (2001)

This article describes what a Web-based language test (WBT) is, how WBTs differ from traditional computer-based tests, and what uses WBTs have in language testing.After a brief review of computer-based testing, WBTs are defined and categorized as low-tech or high tech.Since low-tech tests are the more feasible, they will constitute the focus of this paper.Next, item types for low-tech WBTs are described, and validation concerns that are specific to WBTs are discussed.After a brief overview of the marriage of computer-adaptive and Web-based tests, the general advantages as well as design and implementation issues of WBTs are considered before examining the role that testing consequences play in deciding whether a WBT is an appropriate assessment instrument.It is argued that WBTs are most appropriate in low-stakes testing situations; but with proper supervision, they can also be used in medium-stakes situations although they are not generally recommended for high-stakes situations.Some possible areas for future research are suggested.
Histone modifications associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 genomes during quiescence and following ICP0-mediated de-repression (2007)

In the current study, it was shown that repressed virus genomes in quiescently infected MRC5 cells adopt a repressed histone-associated structure marked by the enrichment of deacetylated histones at a wide variety of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) promoters. In addition, it was shown that genome de-repression, mediated by HSV-2 superinfection or delivery of ICP0 using a recombinant adenovirus vector, resulted in the enrichment of acetylated histones on HSV DNA. These data indicate that ICP0-mediated genome de-repression is intimately linked to enrichment of acetylated histones at virus promoters. The fold change in association of pan-acetylated histone H3 following Ad.TRE.ICP0-mediated de-repression consistently revealed promoter-specific variation, with the highest fold changes (>50-fold) being observed at the latency-associated transcript promoter and enhancer regions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses using an antibody specific to the C terminus of histone H3 as a surrogate measure of nucleosome occupancy revealed little variability in the total loading of histone H3 at the various HSV promoters. This observation suggests that acetylation of histone H3 in response to ICP0 expression is not uniformly targeted across the HSV-1 genome during ICP0-mediated de-repression.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: comparison of different parameters in predicting the kinetics of haematological recovery. (1988)

We analysed the kinetics of haematological recovery after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in 31 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, of whom 14 had received chemotherapy and 17 had received no chemotherapy before marrow harvesting. The time for recovery of polymorph (PMN) and platelet numbers was assessed in relation to patient's sex, age, the numbers of mononuclear cells (MNC) and of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) reinfused, the therapy before harvesting and the conditioning regimens. The results showed that the most important factor influencing the speed of haematological recovery was therapy before marrow collection; recovery was faster in patients not treated before harvesting than in those treated. The mean day for PMN recovery to 0.5 x 10(9)/l was 14.6 vs 21.8 (p less than 0.001); the mean day for platelet recovery to 50 x 10(9)/l was 16.5 vs 44.4 (p less than 0.00002). The other parameters assessed did not correlate with the kinetics of haemopoietic recovery. We conclude that NHL patients who undergo ABMT without chemotherapy prior to marrow harvest have rapid haematological recovery, which suggests that better timing of the harvest could be of value in the management of NHL patients for whom 'reinforcement' with ABMT is scheduled.
Isolated Galaxies and Isolated Satellite Systems (2009)

We search for isolated galaxies using a volume-limited sample of galaxies with 0.02 r_{vir,nei} and \rho <\bar{\rho} well segregates the CIG galaxies. We confirm the morphology conformity between the host and their satellites, which suggests importance of hydrodynamic interaction among galaxies within their virial radii in galaxy evolution.
Wide-bandwidth, low-loss, 19-cell hollow core photonic band gap fiber and its potential for low latency data transmission (2012)

A record low loss (3.5dB/km) for a wide operating bandwidth HC-PBGF is reported. Detailed time-of-flight measurements are also presented, enabling first measurements of latency and differential group delay between mode groups in HC-PBGF.
Genetic framework for GATA factor function in vascular biology (2011)

Vascular endothelial dysfunction underlies the genesis and progression of numerous diseases. Although the GATA transcription factor GATA-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and is implicated in coronary heart disease, it has been studied predominantly as a master regulator of hematopoiesis. Because many questions regarding GATA-2 function in the vascular biology realm remain unanswered, we used ChIP sequencing and loss-of-function strategies to define the GATA-2-instigated genetic network in human endothelial cells. In contrast to erythroid cells, GATA-2 occupied a unique target gene ensemble consisting of genes encoding key determinants of endothelial cell identity and inflammation. GATA-2-occupied sites characteristically contained motifs that bind activator protein-1 (AP-1), a pivotal regulator of inflammatory genes. GATA-2 frequently occupied the same chromatin sites as c-JUN and c-FOS, heterodimeric components of AP-1. Although all three components were required for maximal AP-1 target gene expression, GATA-2 was not required for AP-1 chromatin occupancy. GATA-2 conferred maximal phosphorylation of chromatin-bound c-JUN at Ser-73, which stimulates AP-1-dependent transactivation, in a chromosomal context-dependent manner. This work establishes a link between a GATA factor and inflammatory genes, mechanistic insights underlying GATA-2-AP-1 cooperativity and a rigorous genetic framework for understanding GATA-2 function in normal and pathophysiological vascular states.
A review of reverse debugging (2012)

Reverse debugging is the ability of a debugger to stop after a failure in a program has been observed and go back into the history of the execution to uncover the reason for the failure. Long the dream of programmers, over the past decade, reverse execution has become a practical technique available in a number of free and commercial tools. This article will review the history and techniques of reverse debugging, as researched, implemented, and used from the 1970s until today. We will provide some personal insights into reverse debugging, from our own practical use of one such tool, Wind River Simics. that prompted the debug session. Attaching a debugger often disturbs the timing of a parallel program, easily masking errors (so called Heisenbugs, where the act of observation changes the system to hide the bug). Cyclic debugging Discover Bug Rerun, bug doesn’t show up Rerun, bug doesn’t show up Rerun, different bug Rerun, initial bug occurs
Amiodarone-induced enhancement of doxorubicin and 4'-deoxydoxorubicin cytotoxicity to rat colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (1986)

The mechanisms of the resistance of intestinal cancer to anthracyclines were studied on an experimental model of rat colon cancer cells. The accumulation of anthracyclines in the nucleus of living cancer cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. This accumulation depended on both the capacity of anthracyclines to penetrate into the cell and the activity of an efflux mechanism extruding the drug from the cell. We found that 4'-deoxydoxorubicin was superior to 4 other anthracyclines in its capacity to penetrate into confluent colon cancer cells. Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic agent used in cardiology, inhibited the efflux mechanism efficiently and increased the toxicity of anthracyclines to the colon cancer cells. Association of amiodarone and 4'-deoxydoxorubicin was able to cure 5 of 13 rats that had been inoculated i.p. previously with syngeneic colon cancer cells. This association could be of interest in the treatment of human colon cancer.
Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation for the Preparation of Nanoporous Polymer Films (2015)

We report on the use of photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization for the facile fabrication of cross-linked nanoporous polymer films with three-dimensionally (3D) continuous pore structure. The photoinitiated polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (IBA) in the presence of 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (CTA) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a photoinitiator proceeded in a controlled manner, yet more rapidly compared to thermally initiated polymerization. When polylactide-macroCTA (PLA-CTA) was used, PLA-<i>b</i>-PIBA with high molar mass was obtained after several minutes of irradiation at room temperature. We confirmed that microphase separation occurs in the PLA-<i>b</i>-PIBA and that nanoporous PIBA can be derived from the PLA-<i>b</i>-PIBA precursor by selective PLA etching. To fabricate the cross-linked nanoporous polymer, IBA was copolymerized with ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) in the presence of PLA-CTA to produce a cross-linked block polymer precursor consisting of bicontinuous PLA and P(IBA-<i>co</i>-EGDA) microdomains, via polymerization-induced microphase separation. We demonstrated that nanoporous P(IBA-<i>co</i>-EGDA) monoliths and films with 3D continuous pores can be readily obtained via this approach.
Charge transfer and screening effects in polyynes encapsulated inside single-wall carbon nanotubes (2009)

A resonance Raman study of ${\text{C}}_{10}{\text{H}}_{2}$ and ${\text{C}}_{12}{\text{H}}_{2}$ polyynes encapsulated in single-wall carbon nanotubes of different diameters is presented. We show that the energy of the optical transitions associated with excited dark states of the polyyne depends on the diameter of the nanotube, as a consequence of different dielectric screenings. Strong changes in the shape of the $G$ band of the metallic nanotubes are observed when they are encapsulating the carbon linear chains, reflecting charge transfers between these two systems. From ab initio calculations, we find that such electronic transfers are most likely occurring from the nanotubes to the polyyne molecules.
Advances in the design and development of oncolytic measles viruses (2015)

A successful oncolytic virus is one that selectively propagates and destroys cancerous tissue without causing excessive damage to the normal surrounding tissue. Oncolytic measles virus (MV) is one such virus that exhibits this characteristic and thus has rapidly emerged as a potentially useful anticancer modality. Derivatives of the Edmonston MV vaccine strain possess a remarkable safety record in humans. Promising results in preclinical animal models and evidence of biological activity in early phase trials contribute to the enthusiasm. Genetic modifications have enabled MV to evolve from a vaccine agent to a potential anticancer therapy. Specifically, alterations of the MV genome have led to improved tumor selectivity and delivery, therapeutic potency, and immune system modulation. In this article, we will review the advancements that have been made in the design and development of MV that have led to its use as a cancer therapy. In addition, we will discuss the evidence supporting its use, as well as the challenges associated with MV as a potential cancer therapeutic.
Effectiveness of vasectomy using cautery (2004)

Cautery is a very effective method for occluding the vas. Failure based on semen analysis is rare. In settings where semen analysis is not practical, using 12 weeks as a guideline for when men can rely on their vasectomy should lessen the risk of failure compared to using a guideline of 20 ejaculations after vasectomy.
<i>DPYD</i> IVS14+1G>A and 2846A>T Genotyping for the Prediction of Severe Fluoropyrimidine-Related Toxicity: A Meta-Analysis (2013)

The results of this meta-analysis confirm clinical validity of DPYD IVS14+1G>A and 2846A>T as risk factors for the development of severe toxicities following fluoropyrimidine treatment. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity estimates obtained could be useful in establishing the cost-effectiveness of testing for DPYD variants.
RAFT polymerization of ciprofloxacin prodrug monomers for the controlled intracellular delivery of antibiotics (2015)

Prodrug monomers derived from the antibiotic ciprofloxacin were synthesized with phenolic or aliphatic esters linking the drug to a polymerizable methacrylate group.
DSM-5 Field Trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: Test-Retest Reliability of Selected Categorical Diagnoses (2013)

Most diagnoses adequately tested had good to very good reliability with these representative clinical populations assessed with usual clinical interview methods. Some diagnoses that were revised to encompass a broader spectrum of symptom expression or had a more dimensional approach tested in the good to very good range.
POLLEN TRANSMISSION OF NECROTIC RING SPOT AND SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS VIRUSES FROM TREE TO TREE (1963)

Montmorency sour cherry trees, 3 years of age and older, became infected more often with necrotic ring spot virus when exposed during May than when caged individually under 32-mesh screen during May. In screened compartments, necrotic ring spot spread only when bees were present during blossoming. Though necrotic ring spot spread to all but 1 untreated tree in a bearing orchard, it did not spread to neighbouring trees from which blossom buds were removed. Finally, necrotic ring spot virus was transferred to at least 4, and sour cherry yellows virus to at least 1 and possibly a second, of 14 trees that were emasculated and then pollinated with pollen from diseased trees. It is concluded that the viruses causing these diseases are transmitted from one cherry tree to another through pollination.
Object Instance Annotation With Deep Extreme Level Set Evolution (2019)

In this paper, we tackle the task of interactive object segmentation. We revive the old ideas on level set segmentation which framed object annotation as curve evolution. Carefully designed energy functions ensured that the curve was well aligned with image boundaries, and generally "well behaved". The Level Set Method can handle objects with complex shapes and topological changes such as merging and splitting, thus able to deal with occluded objects and objects with holes. We propose Deep Extreme Level Set Evolution that combines powerful CNN models with level set optimization in an end-to-end fashion. Our method learns to predict evolution parameters conditioned on the image and evolves the predicted initial contour to produce the final result. We make our model interactive by incorporating user clicks on the extreme boundary points, following DEXTR. We show that our approach significantly outperforms DEXTR on the static Cityscapes dataset and the video segmentation benchmark DAVIS, and performs on par on PASCAL and SBD.
A framework for interprocedural locality optimization using both loop and data layout transformations (2003)

There has been much work recently on improving the locality performance of loop nests in scientific programs through the use of loop as well as data layout optimizations. However, little attention has been paid to the problem of optimizing locality in whole programs, particularly in the presence of procedures. Current techniques do not propagate layout optimizations across procedures boundaries; this is critical for realistic scientific codes, since the cost of explicitly transforming memory layouts across procedure boundaries might be very high. In this paper we present a locality optimization framework that uses both loop and data transformations to improve cache locality program-wide. Our framework propagates layout (or locality) constraints as a system of equalities across procedures and involves two traversals in the call graph representation of the program. Preliminary experimental results obtained on an R10000 based system demonstrate the power of the framework.
Bond slip detection of steel plate and concrete beams using smart aggregates (2015)

The newly emerged steel plate concrete (SC), benefited from a composite effect of steel and concrete materials, has been applied to shield building and internal structures of AP1000 nuclear power plants. The detection of bond-slip between steel plate and concrete is of great importance to provide early warnings of steel plate and concrete debonding and to ensure the safety of SC structures. In this paper, an active sensing approach using smart aggregates (SAs) is developed to detect the initiation and to monitor the development of bond-slip. A SA, designed by sandwiching a fragile piezoceramic patch between protection materials, can be utilized as both actuator and sensor by taking advantage of the piezoelectricity of piezoceramic material. Two SC beams with distinct shear reinforcement ratios were experimentally investigated. Based on the wavelet packet decomposition of the received signals from SAs, the initiation of bond-slip is detected, and the development of bond-slip is quantitatively monitored to better understand the structural performance of SC beams, including the stiffness and capacity. The bond-slip severities of the two SC beams are compared to study the improvement of bond-slip condition rendered by providing more shear reinforcement.
The dissolution of metallic nickel in artificial sweat (1987)

The dissolution of neutron-irradiated metallic nickel in an artificial sweat formulation has been studied. Variations in dissolution rate were found over a pH range of 3.5 to 6.5, a temperature range of 10 to 40 degrees C and for times up to 6 h. The presence of oxygen increases the dissolution rate markedly. Typical dissolution rates at 30 degrees C vary from 2 X 10(-7) g Ni X cm-2 X min-1 at a pH of 3.5, to 1 X 10(-9) g Ni X cm-2 X min-1 at a pH of 6. The relevance of the data to clinical aspects of nickel dermatitis is discussed.