gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The DosiMap, a new 2D scintillating dosimeter for IMRT quality assurance: Characterization of two Čerenkov discrimination methods (2008)

New radiation therapy techniques such as IMRT present significant efficiency due to their highly conformal dose distributions. A consequence of the complexity of their dose distributions (high gradients, small irradiation fields, low dose distribution, ...) is the requirement for better precision quality assurance than in classical radiotherapy in order to compare the conformation of the delivered dose with the planned dose distribution and to guarantee the quality of the treatment. Currently this control is mostly performed by matrices of ionization chambers, diode detectors, dosimetric films, portal imaging, or dosimetric gels. Another approach is scintillation dosimetry, which has been developed in the last 15 years mainly through scintillating fiber devices. Despite having many advantages over other methods it is still at an experimental level for routine dosimetry because the Cerenkov radiation produced under irradiation represents an important stem effect. A new 2D water equivalent scintillating dosimeter, the DosiMap, and two different Cerenkov discrimination methods were developed with the collaboration of the Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire of Caen, the Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, and the ELDIM Co., in the frame of the MAESTRO European project. The DosiMap consists of a plastic scintillating sheet placed inside a transparent polystyrene phantom. The light distribution produced under irradiation is recorded by a CCD camera. Our first Cerenkov discrimination technique is subtractive. It uses a chessboard pattern placed in front of the scintillator, which provides a background signal containing only Cerenkov light. Our second discrimination technique is colorimetric. It performs a spectral analysis of the light signal, which allows the unfolding of the Cerenkov radiation and the scintillation. Tests were carried out with our DosiMap prototype and the performances of the two discrimination methods were assessed. The comparison of the dose measurements performed with the DosiMap and with dosimetric films for three different irradiation configurations showed discrepancies smaller than 3.5% for a 2 mm spatial resolution. Two innovative discrimination solutions were demonstrated to separate the scintillation from the Cerenkov radiation. It was also shown that the DosiMap, which is water equivalent, fast, and user friendly, is a very promising tool for radiotherapy quality assurance.
Hypercoordination of Boron and Aluminum:  Synthetic Utility as Chelating Lewis Acids (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHypercoordination of Boron and Aluminum: Synthetic Utility as Chelating Lewis AcidsTakashi Ooi, Daisuke Uraguchi, Naoko Kagoshima, and Keiji MaruokaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 21, 5327–5328Publication Date (Web):May 13, 1998Publication History Received23 October 1997Published online13 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9736828https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9736828rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aluminum,Boron,Lewis acids,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Enhancing the Interactivity of Learning-Guide Systems with RFID (2009)

An integrated interactive RFID guide system based on information retrieval, association rules, and personalized recommendation that assists visitors browsing an exhibition centers was presented. Visitors retrieve exhibition-related multimedia information by using RFID equipped PDAs. Recorded visitor viewing patterns can be subsequently analyzed and used to improve the exhibition to achieve more effective learning.
An efficient software cache for H.264 motion compensation (2009)

This paper presents an efficient software cache implementation for H.264 motion compensation on scratchpad memory based systems. For a wide range of applications - especially multimedia applications, the data set is predictable, making it possible to transfer the necessary data before the computation. Some kernels, however, depend on data that are known just before they are needed, such as the H.264 motion compensation (MC). MC has to stall while the data is transfered from the main memory. To overcome this problem and increase the performance, we analyze the data locality for the MC. Based on this analysis, we propose a 2D Software Cache (2DSC) implementation. The 2DSC exploits the application characteristics to reduce overheads, providing in average 65% improvement over the hand programmed DMAs.
A high speed circuit scheme for driving field emission array (2002)

The field emission array (FEA), when used as a display device, requires a scanning driving circuit. Due to the large FEA capacitance (typically 5 pF for one pixel), the driving circuit is usually slow. In this work, a new driving circuit, which employs the voltage controlled current source (VCCS), overcomes the above-mentioned problem, and thus can reach a high driving speed. In addition, the circuit has the advantages of uniform current driving, gray level control and low power consumption.
Rolls: modifying a standard system installer to support user-customizable cluster frontend appliances (2005)

The Rocks toolkit uses a graph-based framework to describe the configuration of all node types (termed appliances) that make up a complete cluster. With hundreds of deployed clusters, our turnkey systems approach has shown to be quite easily adapted to different hardware and logical node configurations. However, the Rocks architecture and implementation contains a significant asymmetry: the graph definition of all appliance types except the initial frontend can be modified and extended by the end-user before installation. However, frontends can be modified only afterward by hands-on system administration. To address this administrative discontinuity between nodes and frontends, we describe the design and implementation of Rolls. First and foremost, Rolls provide both the architecture and mechanisms that enable the end-user to incrementally and programmatically modify the graph description for all appliance types. New functionality can be added and any Rocks-supplied software component can be overwritten or removed simply by inserting the desired Roll CD(s) at installation time. This symmetric approach to cluster construction has allowed us to shrink the core of the Rocks implementation while increasing flexibility for the end-user. Rolls are optional, automatically configured, cluster-aware software systems. Current add-ons include: scheduling systems (SGE, PBS), grid support (based on NSF Middleware Initiative), database support (DB2), Condor, integrity checking (Tripwire) and the Intel compiler. Community-specific Rolls can be and are developed by groups outside of the Rocks core development group.
A mobile agent approach to dynamic architecture-based software adaptation (2006)

Increasingly, software are required to be ready to adapt itself to the changing environment caused by a wide range of maintenance, evolution and operation problems. Furthermore, in large complex distributed systems and continuous running systems, the traditional approaches to bringing about change require that the system be taken offline temporarily, which is often undesirable due to requirements for high availability. To address this new kind of capability, dynamic software adaptation, which refers to software changes in both structure and behavior without bring it down, is proposed.In this paper, we explore an architecture-based mobile agent approach to dynamic software adaptation. Our goal is to automate the software adaptation on the fly on the basis of explicating and reasoning about architectural knowledge about the running system. For that, we introduce the dynamic software architecture, which means the architecture itself can also be introspected and altered at runtime, to guide and control the adaptation. We use the architectural reflection to observe and control the system architecture, while use the architectural style to ensure the consistency and correctness of the architecture reconfiguration. To handle the adaptation of the running system, mobile agents, which is well suited for complex management issues, is employed. Mobile agents carry self-contained mobile code and act upon running components.The usage of meta-architecture and the mobile agents not only forms an adaptation feedback loop onto the running system, it also separates the concerns among the architectural model, the target system and the facilities use for adaptation. It will simplify the developing, deploying and maintaining of the system, while pose a good basis for enabling the reuse of the adaptation facilities.
Estimation of free space for the mobile robot using omnidirectional image sensor COPIS (2002)

The authors propose a new omnidirectional image sensor using a conic mirror for navigation of a mobile robot. The azimuth of each point in the scene appears in the image as its direction from the image center. Under the assumption of known motion of the robot, locations of the object's edge points around the robot can be estimated by detecting their azimuth changes in the image. The authors describe a method for recognition of surfaces from the edge data and for estimation of the free space using the azimuth information in the image sequence. Assuming the known motions of the robot, the surfaces of the objects can be recognized and the free space for the mobile robot can be estimated from the geometrical relation between object points in the image. Experimental results indicate that the system is a useful sensor for robot navigation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Uptake of tetracycline by membrane preparations from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1971)

1. A membrane fraction from Escherichia coli has been prepared essentially free from ribosomes by treatment of the membranes with Triton X-100 at 0 degrees C followed by differential centrifugation. 2. The ribosome-free membrane vesicles absorbed tetracycline by a reversible temperature-dependent process with an apparent K(m) of 0.029mm at pH7.5 and 37 degrees C. 3. The absorption process was negligible below 25 degrees C and had an optimum at 40 degrees C; a pH optimum at 7.5 was observed. 4. The absorption of tetracycline was strongly inhibited by EDTA and ATP; ADP inhibited less strongly and AMP had no effect. 5. There was no significant difference in the rates or extent of uptake of tetracycline by membranes prepared from tetracycline-sensitive and tetracycline-resistant, R-factor-bearing E. coli.
A mobile radio network architecture with dynamically changing topology using virtual subnets (2002)

An architecture adaptable to dynamic topology changes in multi-hop, mobile radio networks is described. The architecture partitions a mobile network into logically independent subnetworks. Network nodes are members of physical and virtual subnets and may change their affiliation with these subnets due to their mobility. Each node is allocated an address based on its current subset affiliation. We observe-especially in large networks with random topology-that partitioning of the network may result in significantly more balanced load than in one large multi-hop network, an attribute that can significantly improve the network's performance. The architecture is highly fault-tolerant, has a relatively simple location updating and tracking scheme, and by virtue of its load balancing feature, typically achieves a network with relatively high throughput and low delay. The addressing method, logical topology, mobility management and routing procedure are described, and network performance is evaluated.
Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled P-Site Substrates for the Ribosomal Peptidyl Transferase Reaction (2007)

Isotopomers of the ribosomal P-site substrate, the trinucleotide peptide conjugate CCA-pcb (Zhong, M.; Strobel, S. A. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 55-58), have been designed and synthesized in 26-35 steps. These include individual isotopic substitution at the alpha-hydrogen, carbonyl carbon, and carbonyl oxygen of the amino acid, the O2' and O3' of the adenosine, and a remote label in the N3 and N4 of both cytidines. These isotopomers were synthesized by coupling cytidylyl-(3',5')-cytidine phosphoramidite isotopomers as the common synthetic intermediates, with isotopically substituted A-Phe-cap-biotin (A-pcb). The isotopic enrichment is higher than 99% for 1-13C (Phe), 2-2H (Phe), and 3,4-15N2 (cytidine), 93% for 2'/3'-18 O (adenosine), and 64% for 1-18 O (Phe). A new synthesis of highly enriched [1-18 O2]phenylalanine has been developed. The synthesis of [3'-18 O]adenosine was improved by Lewis acid aided regioselective ring opening of the epoxide and by an economical SN2-SN2 method with high isotopic enrichment (93%). Such substrates are valuable for studies of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase reaction by complete kinetic isotope effect analysis and of other biological processes catalyzed by nucleic acid related enzymes, including polymerases, reverse transcriptases, ligases, nucleases, and ribozymes.
Folk Music Classification Using Hidden Markov Models (2001)

Automatic music classification is essential for implementing efficient music information retrieval systems; meanwhile, it may shed light on the process of human’s music perception. This paper describes our work on the classification of folk music from different countries based on their monophonic melodies using hidden Markov models. Music corpora of Irish, German and Austrian folk music in various symbolic formats were used as the data set. Different representations and HMM structures were tested and compared. The classification performances achieved 75%, 77 % and 66 % for 2-way classifications and 63 % for 3-way classification using 6-state left-right HMM with the interval representation in the experiment. This shows that the melodies of folk music do carry some statistical features to distinguish them. We expect that the result will improve if we use a more discriminable data set and the approach should be applicable to other music classification tasks and acoustic musical signals. Furthermore, the results suggest to us a new way to think about musical style similarity.
Critters in the cube farm: Perceived psychological and organizational effects of pets in the workplace. (2001)

This article reports the findings of an exploratory study examining the perceived functions and psychological and organizational effects of pets in the workplace. Participants were 193 employees from 31 companies allowing pets in the workplace who completed anonymous questionnaires. Results indicated that participants perceived pets in the workplace to reduce stress and to positively affect employee health and the organization. Participants who brought their pets to work perceived greater benefits than participants who did not bring their pets to work and participants who did not own pets.
Automatic vehicle location (AVL) for transit operation (2005)

The purpose of the AVL system is to monitor the location of buses. Knowing the location of a bus enables the operator to manage the bus fleet more efficiently and to provide their customers with up to the minute information on bus arrivals and departures. To monitor the location of the buses, it is necessary to have an adequate positioning device such as GPS and an accurate digital map such as a GIS. To ensure accurate information, the location (coordinates) of the bus must be consistent (or within a small tolerance) with those of the digital map. Employing an AVL system becomes especially important in an urban area where the system would be most valuable. In this paper the different aspects of AVL system implementation for a transit operator are discussed. Minimum requirements for different levels of AVL implementations are summarized, system evaluation procedures are suggested and results of an AVL evaluation are presented. Some of the challenges of such systems are discussed as well.
A class of rank test procedures for censored survival data (1982)

SUMMARY A class of linear rank statistics is proposed for the k-sample problem with rightcensored survival data. The class contains as special cases the log rank test (Mantel, 1966; Cox, 1972) and a test essentially equivalent to Peto & Peto's (1972) generalization of the Wilcoxon test. Martingale theory is used to establish asymptotic normality of test statistics under the null hypotheses considered, and to derive expressions for asymptotic relative efficiencies under contiguous sequences of alternative hypotheses. A class of distributions is presented which corresponds to the class of rank statistics in the sense that for each distribution there is a statistic with some optimal properties for detecting location alternatives from that distribution. Some Monte Carlo results are displayed which present small sample behaviour.
A helically twisted imine macrocycle that allows for determining the absolute configuration of α-amino carboxylates (2013)

Binding of α-amino carboxylates to a helically twisted imine macrocycle based on the indolocarbazole scaffold gives rise to characteristic circular dichroism spectra, and the patterns of the Cotton effects are consistent with the absolute configuration of α-amino carboxylates.
Plastic Crystals Utilising Small Ammonium Cations and Sulfonylimide Anions as Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries (2020)

Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are increasingly promising as a class of solid-state electrolyte for developing safer lithium batteries. However, their advancement relies on expanding the range of well-characterised cation/anion combinations. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of OIPCs utilising small ammonium cations tetramethylammonium ([N 1111 ] + ), triethylmethylammonium ([N 1222 ] + ) and tetraethylammonium ([N 2222 ] + ), chosen to encourage significant rotational and translational motion, with the charge-diffuse and electrochemically stable bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]ˉ) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf 2 ]ˉ) anions. To investigate the physico-chemical properties of the OIPCs, the free volume was measured by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) and correlated with the ionic conductivity and thermal analysis (DSC). Solid-state NMR analysis of the salts, is also reported. The salts with the less symmetric cation, [N 1222 ][FSI] and [N 1222 ][NTf 2 ], were identified as the most promising electrolyte materials, and thus the electrochemical properties after mixing with 10 and 90 mol% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf 2 ), respectively, were investigated. This study demonstrates the efficacy of these OIPC materials as new quasi-solid state electrolytes with advantageous properties such as high conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical properties, the ability to incorporate high lithium salt concentrations and support efficient lithium electrochemistry.
Catalytic Mechanism of <i>S</i>-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS):  Direct Observation of Ketone Intermediates by <sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectroscopy (2003)

S-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS) catalyzes the cleavage of the thioether linkage of S-ribosylhomocysteine (SRH) to produce l-homocysteine and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DHPD). This is a key step in the biosynthetic pathway of the type II autoinducer (AI-2) in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies demonstrated that LuxS contains a catalytically essential Fe2+ ion. The catalytic mechanism of LuxS was investigated using 2- and 3-13C-labeled SRH as substrate and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These studies revealed the presence of 2- and 3-keto intermediates in the catalytic pathway. The 2-keto intermediate was chemically synthesized, and its chemical and kinetic competence was demonstrated. The results support a catalytic mechanism in which the metal ion catalyzes an internal redox reaction, shifting the carbonyl group from the C-1 position to the C-3 position. Subsequent beta-elimination at the C-4 and C-5 positions releases homocysteine as a free thiol. The results also suggest that Cys-84 and Glu-57 are the possible general acids/bases for proton transfer during catalysis and that the keto intermediates are released from the enzyme active site before rebinding and completion of the reaction.
CONSERVATION AND EVOLUTION (1982)

Journal Article CONSERVATION AND EVOLUTION Get access Subodh K. Jain Subodh K. Jain Department of Agronomy and Range Science University of California Davis California 95616 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 36, Issue 2, 1 March 1982, Pages 420–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05062.x Published: 01 March 1982 Article history Received: 27 October 1981 Published: 01 March 1982
Etch mechanisms of silicon gate structures patterned in SF6/CH2F2/Ar inductively coupled plasmas (2011)

Patterning complex metal gate stack becomes increasingly challenging since the gate dimension for all isolated as well as dense gate structures present on 300 mm wafer needs to be controlled within the nanometer range. In this article, the authors show that SF6/CH2F2/Ar plasma chemistries to etch the polysilicon gate present very interesting critical dimension (CD) control capabilities for advanced gate etch strategies compared to commonly used HBr/O2/Cl2 plasma chemistries, thanks to the different mechanisms involved in the passivation layer formation on the gate sidewalls. Indeed, contrary to HBr/Cl2/O2 plasma chemistries, the passivation layers in SF6/Ar/CH2F2 plasmas are not formed from deposition of etch by-products coming from the gas phase but the passivating species are chemically sputtered from the bottom of the etched structures and coat the silicon sidewalls by line of sight deposition. Such mechanisms result in thin and uniform CFX passivation layers on the gate sidewalls very similar in dense and isolated structures leading to an improved CD control.