gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local Intratracheal Delivery of Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles to Lung Cancer Demonstrated with Magnetic Resonance Multimodal Imaging (2017)

Eighty percent of lung cancers originate as subtle premalignant changes in the airway mucosal epithelial layer of bronchi and alveoli, which evolve and penetrate deeper into the parenchyma. Liquid-ventilation, with perfluorocarbons (PFC) was first demonstrated in rodents in 1966 then subsequently applied as lipid-encapsulated PFC emulsions to improve pulmonary function in neonatal infants suffering with respiratory distress syndrome in 1996. Subsequently, PFC nanoparticles (NP) were extensively studied as intravenous (IV) vascular-constrained nanotechnologies for diagnostic imaging and targeted drug delivery applications. <b>Methods:</b> This proof-of-concept study compared intratumoral localization of fluorescent paramagnetic (M) PFC NP in the Vx2 rabbit model using proton (<sup>1</sup>H) and fluorine (<sup>19</sup>F) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (3T) following intratracheal (IT) or IV administration. MRI results were corroborated by fluorescence microscopy. <b>Results:</b> Dynamic <sup>1</sup>H-MR and <sup>19</sup>F-MR images (3T) obtained over 72 h demonstrated marked and progressive accumulation of M-PFC NP within primary lung Vx2 tumors during the first 12 h post IT administration. Marked <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F MR signal persisted for over 72 h. In contradistinction, IV M-PFC NP produced a modest transient signal during the initial 2 h post-injection that was consistent circumferential blood pool tumor enhancement. Fluorescence microscopy of excised tumors corroborated the MR results and revealed enormous intratumor NP deposition on day 3 after IT but not IV treatment. Rhodamine-phospholipid incorporated into the PFC nanoparticle surfactant was distributed widely within the tumor on day 3, which is consistent with a hemifusion-based contact drug delivery mechanism previously reported. Fluorescence microscopy also revealed similar high concentrations of M-PFC NP given IT for metastatic Vx2 lung tumors. Biodistribution studies in mice revealed that M-PFC NP given IV distributed into the reticuloendothelial organs, whereas, the same dosage given IT was basically not detected beyond the lung itself. PFC NP given IT did not impact rabbit behavior or impair respiratory function. PFC NP effects on cells in culture were negligible and when given IV or IT no changes in rabbit hematology nor serum clinical chemistry parameters were measured. <b>Conclusion:</b> IT delivery of PFC NP offered unique opportunity to locally deliver PFC NP in high concentrations into lung cancers with minimal extratumor systemic exposure.
Designing, localizing, and customizing web-based embedded assistance (2005)

Embedded user assistance (UA) is any type of instructional or conceptual information that appears within a software application window. It includes embedded help (help topics that appear within the application), field labels, and page overviews. This paper outlines the benefits of embedded UA, four techniques for providing embedded UA, and embedded UA solutions for localization and customization issues.
Immunologic assay Factor XII by Laurell's method (1980)

By employing Laurell's method, a sensitive and reproducible antigen assay for human Factor XII was carried out with purified Factor XII and monospecific rabbit anti-body.It was noted that TAIYO-ID-1 agarose was most suitable material in the procedure.Precise measurements of Factor XII were possible for concentrations as low as 3% of that in normal pooled plasma. A good correlation (correlation coefficient=0.82) existed between the titers of Factor XII measured by clotting activity and antigen assay among 40 normal adults. Factor XII antigens were absent in patients with congenital Factor XII deficiency, but other congenital deficient plasmas, including those of patients with hemoplilia A and B, Factor XI or Factor VII deficiency, von Willebrand disease and hereditary angioneurotic edema (C-1; inactivator deficiency), contained normal amount of Factor XII antigen. Both clotting activity and antigen of Factor XII were reduced in the plasmas of patients with liver cirrhosis or those of half cases with disseminated intravascular coagulation. They were in normal ranges in those of patients treated with Warfarin. Factor XII antigen was normal in spite of reduced clotting activity in the plasmas of patients suffered from SLE.
Untersuchungen über Phenolbasen. II (1914)

Aus Cl em Chemischen Institut der UniversitBt Brcslau.](Eingegaogen am 6.
Utilization of SIP Contact Header for Reducing the Load on Proxy Servers in FoIP Application (2009)

This paper focuses on the transmission of real-time fax in IP networks. Itpsilas been some time now that expressions like ldquoVoice over IPrdquo, ldquoFax over IPrdquo and the likes are heard extensively in the telecommunications industry. The idea is utilizing data networks to deliver telecommunications services which are presently provided by the PSTN. The incentive is pretty straightforward: cutting costs and yet being able to provide the previous services, not to mention the added capabilities to deliver a multitude of other services, hardly imagined feasible with the PSTN. In this paper, it is intend to closely examine some aspects of the new architecture and its implementation feasibility. Utilization of SIP in conjunction with SDP, as companion protocol to SIP for capabilities to exchange for fax transmission has been studied. This simulation scenario and its results exhibit the potential success of the proposed SIP/SDP combination for real-time fax session establishment, management and tear-down. Another important analysis carried out in this paper is the efficient link utilization of SIP proxy server sand SIP contact header for reducing the load in FoIP Application which is a highly desirable feature.
Studies on the biological role of DNA methylation: V. The pattern of<i>E.coli</i>DNA methylation (1982)

The distribution of the methylatable sites GATC and CCATGG was studied by analyzing the molecular average size of restriction fragments of E. coli DNA. Both sites were found to be randomly distributed, reflecting a random pattern of methylation. The methylation pattern of specific sequences such as the origin of replication and rRNA genes has been studied in wild type E. coli and a methylation deficient (dam- dcm-) mutant. These sequences were found to be methylated in wild type cells and unmethylated in the mutant indicating that there is no effect of the state of methylation of these sequences on their expression. Analysis of the state of methylation of GATC sites in newly replicating DNA using the restriction enzyme Dpn I (cleaves only when both strands are methylated) revealed no detectable hemimethylated DNA suggesting that methylation occurs at the replication fork. Taking together the results presented here and previously published data (5), we arrive at the conclusion that the most likely function of E. coli DNA methylations is probably in preventing nuclease activity.
Phase-modulation laser spectroscopy (1982)

A novel phase-modulation technique which permits subkilohertz-laser stability and new levels of precision in laser spectroscopy was reported recently. For spectroscopy, the basic arrangement consists of a combination of an optical pump and a probe field which is phase modulated. The pump prepares the atomic sample by burning a narrow hole within the atom's inhomogeneous line shape, and the probe beam samples the prepared hole when its modulation sidebands are swept into resonance. Off resonance, the probe is balanced as pairs of sidebands produce heterodyne beat signals of opposite phase which just cancel. On resonance, the balance is upset and yields a nonvanishing beat signal with a Lorentzian absorption or dispersion line shape and with residual noise approaching the shot noise limit. Here we investigate the theory of phase-modulation spectroscopy. We treat the nonlinear response of an atomic two-level quantum system subject to an intense pump and a weak copropagating or counterpropagating phase-modulated probe beam. The density-matrix equations of motion are solved by a Laplace-transform method and by the novel use of a translation operator which allows the infinite hierarchy of coupled equations to close. A solution equivalent to the rate-equation result is developed and coherence corrections are found which predict new resonances that have just been detected in this laboratory. The delayed pump-probe technique encountered in solid-state laser spectroscopy is analyzed in this context for two- and three-level quantum systems. The response of a Fabry-Perot cavity to a phase-modulated light wave is examined also and reveals an unexpected absorption feature.
New Coplanar (ABA)<i><sub>n</sub></i>-Type Donor−Acceptor π-Conjugated Copolymers Constituted of Alkylthiophene (Unit A) and Pyridazine (Unit B):  Synthesis Using Hexamethylditin, Self-Organized Solid Structure, and Optical and Electrochemical Properties of the Copolymers (2005)

A new series of π-conjugated (ABA)n-type polymers constructed of electron-donating thiophene or 3-alkylthiophene (as the unit A) and electron-accepting pyridazine (as the unit B) were synthesized via palladium-catalyzed dehalogenative polycondensation of Br−ABA−Br using hexamethylditin as the condensing reagent. The obtained polymers were characterized by NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The polymers with alkyl side chains were soluble in organic solvents, and gave number-average molecular weights ranging from 3.2 × 104 to 16 × 104 in gel-permeation analysis. The polymers exhibited strong green photoluminescence (PL) with the peak in the range of 510−520 nm and quantum yields of 51−61% in chloroform. The PL intensity was sensitive toward acids. In films, the UV−vis and PL peaks shifted to a longer wavelength by about 30−40 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction data suggested that the polymer formed a highly ordered π-stacked assembly assisted by the side chain crystallization and dipole−dipole interaction. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the polymer was susceptible to both electrochemical p- and n-doping, and the n-doping peak appeared in the range of −2.15 to −2.28 V vs Ag+/Ag. The polymer served as a good material for a thin-film field-effect transistor and gave a hole mobility of 3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1.
You Present like a Drug Addict: Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Trust and Trustworthiness in Chronic Pain Management: Table 1 (2016)

We found that perceived trustworthiness is important in therapeutic encounters as it helps to negotiate tensions with respect to subjective pain symptoms, addiction, and prescription opioid use. An attitude of epistemic humility may help both clinicians and patients cultivate a trustworthy clinical environment, manage the challenges associated with uncertain testimony, place trust wisely, and promote optimal pain care.
Development of spray-dried co-precipitate of amorphous celecoxib containing storage and compression stabilizers (2007)

The purpose of this study was to obtain an amorphous system with minimum unit operations that will prevent recrystallization of amorphous drugs since preparation, during processing (compression) and further storage. Amorphous celecoxib, solid dispersion (SD) of celecoxib with polyvinyl pyrrollidone (PVP) and co-precipitate with PVP and carrageenan (CAR) in different ratios were prepared by the spray drying technique and compressed into tablets. Saturation solubility and dissolution studies were performed to differentiate performance after processing. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder difraction revealed the amorphous form of celecoxib, whereas infrared spectroscopy revealed hydrogen bonding between celecoxib and PVP. The dissolution profile of the solid dispersion and co-precipitate improved compared to celecoxib and amorphous celecoxib. Amorphous celecoxib was not stable on storage whereas the solid dispersion and co-precipitate powders were stable for 3 months. Tablets of the solid dispersion of celecoxib with PVP and physical mixture with PVP and carrageenan showed better resistance to recrystallization than amorphous celecoxib during compression but recrystallized on storage. However, tablets of co-precipitate with PVP and carageenan showed no evidence of crystallinity during stability studies with comparable dissolution profiles. This extraordinary stability of spray-dried co-precipitate tablets may be attributed to the cushioning action provided by the viscoelastic polymer CAR and hydrogen bonding interaction between celecoxib and PVP. The present study demonstrates the synergistic effect of combining two types of stabilizers, PVP and CAR, on the stability of amorphous drug during compression and storage as compared to their effect when used alone.
Microinhomogeneity Problems in Silicon (1966)

A survey evaluation of the quality of commercial silicon used in the preparation of p-n junction devices has been made, with emphasis on the detection and characterization of micro-inhomogeneities. The examination techniques included transmission electron microscopy, special etching techniques with optical microscopy, and microresistivity determination. These investigations have shown that almost all silicon produced by current commercial techniques has an appreciable concentration of microdefects, including precipitates and microcrystallographic defects, which are too small to be detected by conventional techniques. Furthermore the impurity distribution is inhomogeneous on a microscopic scale. These microinhomogeneities are frequently present in sufficient concentration to be more influential in determining the quality of the finished device than the material properties usually specified. Some suggestions are made concerning the establishment of standards of acceptability for the major types of microdefects and for developing simple, rapid evaluation procedures.
The spoken web application framework (2010)

While the word 'accessibility' seems to require a new definition in the context of making Web available in developing regions, we propose to expand the definition of 'Web' itself in the same context. The prevalent definition of Web as a system of interlinked textual documents available on the Internet and accessed through a web browser, needs to be modified to include new types of hyperlinked content and new access mechanisms.
One-Day Wave Forecasts Based on Artificial Neural Networks (2006)

Abstract Sophisticated wave models like the Wave Model (WAM) and Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)/WAVEWATCH are used nowadays along with atmospheric models to produce forecasts of ocean wave conditions. These models are generally run operationally on large ocean-scale domains. In many coastal areas, on the other hand, operational forecasting is not performed for a variety of reasons, yet the need for wave forecasts remains. To address such cases, the production of forecasts through the use of artificial neural networks and buoy measurements is explored. A modeling strategy that predicts wave heights up to 24 h on the basis of judiciously selected measurements over the previous 7 days was examined. A detailed investigation of this strategy using data from six National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys with diverse geographical and statistical properties demonstrates that 6-h forecasts can be obtained with a high level of fidelity, and forecasts up to 12 h showed a correlation of 67% or better relative to a full year of data. One limitation observed was the inability of the artificial neural network model to correctly predict the magnitude of the highest waves; although the occurrence of high waves was predicted, the peaks were underestimated. The inclusion of several years of data and the judicious selection of the training set, especially the inclusion of extreme events, were shown to be crucial for the model to recognize interannual variability and provide more reliable forecasts. Real-time simulations performed for April 2005 demonstrate the efficiency of this technology for operational forecasting.
Copy of Deformation and Delamination in Polymer Metal Thin Film Structures (Invited). (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral activation during spinal cord stimulation in failed back surgery syndrome patients (2007)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) consisting of electrical stimulation of the dorsal spinal cord using epidural electrodes has been shown to relieve chronic neuropathic pain. To analyze the cerebral activation patterns related to SCS, and to evaluate the effects of SCS on the processing of acute experimental pain, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on eight patients suffering from failed back surgery syndrome who were also being treated with SCS for severe pain in their legs and lower back. Three types of stimulation were used, each lasting 36s: (i) SCS, (ii) heat pain (HP) applied to the leg affected by neuropathic pain, and (iii) simultaneous HP and SCS. During SCS, we found increased activation of the medial primary sensorimotor cortex somatotopically corresponding to the foot and/or perineal region, contralateral posterior insula, and the ipsilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). Decreased activation was seen in the bilateral primary motor cortices and the ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex corresponding to the shoulder, elbow and hand. Compared to separately presented HP and SCS, simultaneous HP and SCS showed statistically significant activation of the bilateral inferior temporal cortex and the ipsilateral cerebellar cortex. The activation of the primary motor cortex, insula and S2 during SCS may directly interfere with the processing of neuropathic pain. When SCS is associated with heat pain, the paralimbic association cortex and cerebellum show activation exceeding the sum of activations resulting from separate SCS and heat pain stimulation. The explanation of this could possibly rest with the continuous comparisons of simultaneous pain and somatosensory sensations occurring in a single dermatome.
Effects of Ethanol on CRF Release<i>in Vitro</i>* (1988)

Acute ethanol exposure produces activation of the brain-pituitary-adrenal (BPA) axis, resulting in the release of ACTH, beta-endorphin, and glucocorticoids. While elevated levels of plasma glucocorticoids are also found after chronic ethanol administration, plasma ACTH and beta-endorphin are normal or reduced. It is also unclear whether chronic ethanol exposure results in tolerance to the stimulatory effect of ethanol on BPA activity. To determine the site and mechanism of ethanol action on the BPA axis we studied the CRF secretory profile in a superfused rat hypothalamic preparation after chronic ethanol administration in vivo and the CRF responses after acute ethanol exposure in vitro. Superfused hypothalami from normal and pair-fed control rats released CRF-like immunoreactive material (CRF-LI) in a pulsatile manner, with a mean (+/- SE) frequency of 5.1 +/- 0.7 pulses/h. In contrast, the pulse frequency of CRF-LI release from hypothalami of rats receiving chronic ethanol treatment (fed an alcohol-containing liquid diet for 2 weeks) increased dramatically; the basal mean CRF level, pulse amplitude, and pulse duration remained unchanged. Hypothalamic CRF content was decreased. This chronic ethanol exposure also altered the dose-response characteristics of CRF release when ethanol was introduced acutely, as a pulse, into the in vitro preparation. Acute exposure to 20 mg/100 ml ethanol produced greater release of CRF-LI from control hypothalami than from chronic ethanol-exposed hypothalami. A further elevation above basal levels was produced by 200 mg/100 ml ethanol in control, but not ethanol-exposed, hypothalami. Secretion of CRF from ethanol-exposed hypothalami in response to depolarizing concentrations of potassium chloride was suppressed. Chronic ethanol treatment had no effect on CRF-LI and CRF bioactivity responses to stimulation with acetylcholine. These findings suggest the presence of a high frequency pulse-generating mechanism for CRF release in the hypothalamus. This pulsatile secretory mechanism is altered by chronic ethanol exposure of the animals in vivo. Chronic intoxication resulted in tolerance to the stimulatory effect of ethanol on CRF release in vitro.
Immunosuppressive drugs prevent a rapid dephosphorylation of transcription factor NFAT1 in stimulated immune cells. (1995)

The immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and FK506 interfere with the inducible transcription of cytokine genes in T cells and in other immune cells, in part by preventing the activation of NF-AT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). We show that transcription factor NFAT1 in T cells is rapidly dephosphorylated on stimulation, that dephosphorylation occurs before translocation of NFAT1 into the cell nucleus, and that dephosphorylation increases the affinity of NFAT1 for its specific sites in DNA. Cyclosporin A prevents the dephosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of NFAT1 in T cells, B cells, macrophages, and mast cells, delineating at least one mechanism that contributes to the profound immunosuppressive effects of this compound.
Structure and morphology of SiO<inf>2</inf>/PVA-PAMPS composite membrane (2013)

Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) modified by SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /poly 2-acrylamido 2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMPS) electrolyte membrane SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /PVA-PAMPS was prepared by a Sol-gel synthesis in situ technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize changes of the membrane's microstructures after grafting. The morphology of the membrane's microstructures are studied by scanning electrolytic microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the conductivity of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (30wt%)/PVA-PAMPS(20wt%) membrane was 4.12×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> S/cm and AMPS is easily blended into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) modified by namometer silicon dioxide.
Improvement of hypertrophic scarring by using topical anti‐fibrogenic/anti‐inflammatory factors in a rabbit ear model (2010)

This study investigates the scar-reducing efficacy of topical application of stratifin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in a rabbit ear model. A total of five New Zealand white rabbits with four wounds per ear were examined. Either recombinant stratifin (0.002%) or ASA (0.5%) incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose gel was topically applied on each wound at postwounding Day 5. Scars were harvested at postwounding Day 28 for histological analysis. The wounds treated with stratifin and ASA showed 82 and 73% reduction in scar volume, respectively, compared with that of untreated controls. A reduction of 57 and 41% in total tissue cellularity along with 79 and 91% reduction in infiltrated CD3+ T cells were observed in response to treatment with stratifin and ASA, respectively, compared with those of untreated controls. Wounds treated with stratifin showed a 2.8-fold increase in matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression, which resulted in a 48% decrease in collagen density compared with those of untreated controls. Qualitative wound assessment showed a reduced hypertrophic scarring in stratifin and ASA-treated wounds when compared with the controls. This study showed that topical application of either stratifin or ASA-impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose gel reduced hypertrophic scar formation following dermal injuries in a rabbit ear fibrotic model.