gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MR Perfusion and Diffusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Human Gray and White Matter have Different Thresholds for Infarction (2005)

It is thought that gray and white matter (GM and WM) have different perfusion and diffusion thresholds for cerebral infarction in humans. We sought to determine these thresholds with voxel-by-voxel, tissue-specific analysis of co-registered acute and follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging. Quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were analyzed from nine acute stroke patients (imaging acquired within 6 h of onset). The average values of each measure were calculated for GM and WM in normally perfused tissue, the region of recovered tissue and in the final infarct. Perfusion and diffusion thresholds for infarction were determined on a patient-by-patient basis in GM and WM separately by selecting thresholds with equal sensitivities and specificities. Gray matter has higher thresholds for infarction than WM (P<0.009) for CBF (20.0 mL/100 g min in GM and 12.3 mL/100 g min in WM), CBV (2.4 mL/100 g in GM and 1.7 mL/100 g in WM), and ADC (786 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s in GM and 708 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s in WM). The MTT threshold for infarction in GM is lower (P=0.014) than for WM (6.8 secs in GM and 7.1 secs in WM). A single common threshold applied to both tissues overestimates tissue at risk in WM and underestimates tissue at risk in GM. This study suggests that tissue-specific analysis of perfusion and diffusion imaging is required to accurately predict tissue at risk of infarction in acute ischemic stroke.
Are Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Self-Rated Health and Mortality Enduring? Results From Three Birth Cohorts in Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom (2003)

Self-rated health is more strongly associated with mortality in men, but this is unlikely to be explained by differences in the nature of their physical health problems.
Structure and promoter activity of an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related gene. (1999)

In liver and kidney, the terminal step in the gluconeogenic pathway is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). This enzyme is actually a multicomponent system, the catalytic subunit of which was recently cloned. Numerous reports have also described the presence of G-6-Pase activity in islets, although the role of G-6-Pase in this tissue is unclear. Arden and associates have described the cloning of a novel cDNA that encodes an islet-specific G-6-Pase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP) (Arden SD, Zahn T, Steegers S, Webb S, Bergman B, O'Brien RM, Hutton JC: Molecular cloning of a pancreatic islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit related protein (IGRP). Diabetes 48:531-542, 1999). We screened a mouse BAC library with this cDNA to isolate the IGRP gene, which spans approximately 8 kbp of genomic DNA. The exon/intron structure of the IGRP gene has been mapped and, as with the gene encoding the liver/kidney G-6-Pase catalytic subunit, it is composed of five exons. The sizes of these exons are 254 (I), 110 (II), 112 (III), 116 (IV), and 1284 (V) bp, similar to those of the G-6-Pase catalytic subunit gene. Two interspecific backcross DNA mapping panels were used to unambiguously localize the IGRP gene (map symbol G6pc-rs) to the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 2. The IGRP gene transcription start site was mapped by primer extension analysis, and the activity of the IGRP gene promoter was analyzed in both the islet-derived HIT cell line and the liver-derived HepG2 cell line. The IGRP and G-6-Pase catalytic subunit gene promoters show a reciprocal pattern of activity, with the IGRP promoter being approximately 150-fold more active than the G-6-Pase promoter in HIT cells.
<i>cis</i>‐Tactic polybutadiene: Solubility, [η]–<i>M</i> relations in different solvents, and molecular conformation (1961)

Abstract Several samples of cis ‐tactic polybutadiene prepared by stereospecific catalysis and having a cis unit content of about 98%, were fractionated by fractional precipitation techniques. Some of the central fractions obtained were examined by viscometric, osmotic, and sedimentation methods in dilute solution. [η]– M relations were determined for benzene and toluene at 30°, and for isobutyl acetate at 20.5°C., the latter solvent being at ϑ conditions. Configurational parameters of unperturbed molecules and interaction affinity in good solvent were calculated and are compared with those of known hydrocarbon polymers.
An FPGA implementation of the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm (2004)

Understanding and predicting electromagnetic behavior is needed more and more in modern technology. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is a powerful computational electromagnetic technique for modelling the electromagnetic space. The 3D FDTD buried object detection forward model is emerging as a useful application in mine detection and other subsurface sensing areas. However, the computation of this model is complex and time consuming. Implementing this algorithm in hardware will greatly increase its computational speed and widen its use in many other areas. We present an FPGA implementation to speedup the pseudo-2D FDTD algorithm which is a simplified version of the 3D FDTD model. The pseudo-2D model can be upgraded to 3D with limited modification of structure. We implement the pseudo-2D FDTD model for layered media and complete boundary conditions on an FPGA. The computational speed on the reconfigurable hardware design is about 24 times faster than a software implementation on a 3.0GHz PC. The speedup is due to pipelining, parallelism, use of fixed point arithmetic, and careful memory architecture design.
Error monitoring during reward and avoidance learning in high‐ and low‐socialized individuals (2000)

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked brain potential generated when individuals make mistakes during simple decision-making tasks. In the present study, we examined ERN under conditions of reward and punishment, among participants who scored extremely low or high on the socialization scale of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Participants completed a forced-choice task, and were rewarded for correct responses in half the trials, and punished for incorrect responses in the remaining trials. A significant interaction between socialization (SO) and condition revealed that low-SO participants produced smaller ERNs during the punishment task than during the reward task, whereas high-SO participants produced similar ERNs in both conditions. Reaction time and electromyogram data essentially bolster the interpretation that the ERN effects reflect differences in error salience for high-SO and low-SO participants, and are consistent with the avoidance-learning deficits seen in psychopathy.
Maneuvers automation for agricultural vehicle in headland (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of path generation and motion control for the autonomous maneuvers of agricultural vehicle in headland. A reverse turn planner is firstly presented, based on primitives connected together to easily generate the reference motion. Next, the steering and speed control algorithms are considered. To perform accurate path following, the sliding conditions are taken into account with a kinematic model extended with sliding parameters. In addition, predictive actions are developed to anticipate for vehicle steering and speed variations. The capabilities of the proposed algorithms are finally investigated through full-scale experiments. Fish-tail maneuvers are autonomously performed with an experimental mobile robot, and promising results are reported during reverse turn maneuvers with a vehicle-trailer system.
Diarylpyrimidine−Dihydrobenzyloxopyrimidine Hybrids: New, Wide-Spectrum Anti-HIV-1 Agents Active at (Sub)-Nanomolar Level (2011)

Here, we describe a novel small series of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that combine peculiar structural features of diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) and dihydro-alkoxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidines (DABOs). These DAPY-DABO hybrids (1-4) showed a characteristic SAR profile and a nanomolar anti-HIV-1 activity at both enzymatic and cellular level. In particular, the two compounds 4d and 2d, with a (sub)nanomolar activity against wild-type and clinically relevant HIV-1 mutant strains, were selected as lead compounds for next optimization studies.
Limited Feedback Multiuser Scheduling of Spatially Correlated Broadcast Channels (2009)

This paper investigates the transmission scheduling of users under spatially correlated multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. By maximizing an upper bound of the sum capacity, we propose a scheduling scheme that requires only scalar feedback from each receiving user. To simplify user information feedback and better exploit the spatial channel correlation, we further develop a more efficient scheduling method that only requires a 1-bit indicator from each user and selects users based on the MIMO channel correlation information. Additionally, we then extend the proposed scheduling schemes for the system with imperfect (finite-rate) channel information feedback. Numerical results finally show that the proposed scheduling schemes can effectively improve the system sum capacity performance by exploiting the statistic channel-correlation information.
A novel synchronization method for DS-CDMA systems (2012)

Code division multiple access (CDMA) has been proven to be a promising spread-spectrum multiple access technique due to its advantages such as anti-interference capability and implementation versatility. However, the problem of the receiver side synchronization at the sub-chip scale can significantly increase the decoding error rate, just as the carrier frequency offset (CFO) problem does to the OFDM systems. So far the use of faster sampling clock at the receiver analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is generally thought to improve the receiving performance and has been implemented in practical communication hardware such as the STEL-2000A CDMA chip. In this paper we show that the traditional use of such scheme can introduce interchip interference that causes an error floor irrespective of the sampling rate. We further propose a novel synchronization method that uses a digital filter bank to automatically seek out the best synchronization solution. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs almost as good as the case of perfect synchronization and far better than when there is a clock disparity. The proposed algorithm is also implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) and compared with the traditional approach to pave the way for its practical chip-level implementation.
Inheritance of human breast cancer: evidence for autosomal dominant transmission in high-risk families. (1988)

Segregation analysis of breast cancer in families can provide the logical basis and the specific genetic models for mapping and identifying genes responsible for human breast cancer. Patterns of breast cancer occurrence in families were investigated by complex segregation analysis. In a sample of 1579 nuclear families ascertained through a population-based series of probands, an autosomal dominant model with a highly penetrant susceptibility allele fully explained disease clustering. From the maximum-likelihood Mendelian model, the frequency of the susceptibility allele was 0.0006 in the general population, and lifetime risk of breast cancer was 0.82 among susceptible women and 0.08 among women without the susceptibility allele. Inherited susceptibility affected only 4% of families in the sample: multiple cases of this relatively common disease occurred in other families by chance. The same genetic models, with higher gene frequency, explained disease clustering in an extended kindred at high risk of breast cancer. Evidence for a highly penetrant, autosomal dominant susceptibility allele for breast cancer in a high-risk family and the general population suggests that high-risk families can serve as models for understanding breast cancer in the population as a whole.
Pseudo-random testing and signature analysis for mixed-signal circuits (1995)

In this paper, we address the problem of functional testing of mixed-signal circuits using pseudo-random patterns. By embedding the linear, time-invariant (LTI) analog circuit between a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), we can model the analog and converter circuitry as a digital LTI system and test it using the pseudo-random vectors. We give mathematical analysis and formulate the pseudo-random testing process as the linear transformation of a random process by the analog LTI device under test (DUT). We choose the first and the second moments of the transformed random process, which are closely related to the functionality of the DUT, as the signatures for fault detection. We show that such signatures can be estimated by proper arithmetic operations on the output responses of the DUT to the vectors generated by LFSRs. We illustrate and compare the effectiveness of several possible choices of signatures, through analysis and experimental results of several circuits, in terms of their fault detection capabilities and the testing hardware requirements.
Introduction (2009)

This book is the fifth volume of the six-volume series The Day that Changed Everything? With some time having passed now since the attacks of September 11,2001, it is possible to reflect upon the attacks and assess their impact. The series brings together from a broad spectrum of disciplines the leading thinkers of our time to reflect on one of the most significant events of our time. This volume is devoted to psychological changes after 9/11 as well as to the closely related field of education.
A General Strategy for Site‐Directed Enzyme Immobilization by Using NiO Nanoparticle Decorated Mesoporous Silica (2014)

Mesoporous materials have recently gained much attention owing to their large surface area, narrow pore size distribution, and superior pore structure. These materials have been demonstrated as excellent solid supports for immobilization of a variety of proteins and enzymes for their potential applications as biocatalysts in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the lack of efficient and reproducible methods for immobilization has limited the activity and recyclability of these biocatalysts. Furthermore, the biocatalysts are usually not robust owing to their rapid denaturation in bulk solvents. To solve these problems, we designed a novel hybrid material system, mesoporous silica immobilized with NiO nanoparticles (SBA-NiO), wherein enzyme immobilization is directed to specific sites on the pore surface of the material. This yielded the biocatalytic species with higher activity than free enzyme in solution. These biocatalytic species are recyclable with minimal loss of activity after several cycles, demonstrating an advantage over free enzymes.
USING RFID TECHNOLOGY TO LOCATE MISSING BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY: A FEASIBILITY STUDY (2006)

This dissertation aims to develop a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) book tracking system that alerts a computer program for library use that a book has been placed on the wrong shelf and to test the large scale feasibility of it. \n\nThe objectives of this dissertation are:\n\nTo identify from literature the concept of RFIDs and their practical uses:\nTo build, test and evaluate the prototype. \nTo assess the large scale implementation of the prototype.\nDiscuss the prototype's strengths and limitations and whether they can be solved.\n\nThe gathered knowledge stems from academic journals, textbooks and websites. The development and idea of the prototype is my own idea and was built and used during the research. The conclusion is based on the limitations and strengths of the prototype and an analysis of the feedback from a librarian at the Nottingham University's Business Library, to whom the prototype was demonstrated. The findings reveal that there is a basic need for such a system however is too expensive at the moment to implement.
Total energy and band structure of the 3<i>d</i>, 4<i>d</i>, and 5<i>d</i>metals (1992)

We performed total-energy calculations by the scalar-relativistic augmented-plane-wave method in the local-density and muffin-tin approximations for all 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals in the fcc and bcc structures. These calculations predict the correct equilibrium structure and give good agreement with experiment and other calculations for lattice constants and bulk moduli.
Stereospecific Living Ziegler−Natta Polymerization via Rapid and Reversible Chloride Degenerative Transfer between Active and Dormant Sites (2004)

The successful realization of a stereospecific chloride degenerative transfer living Ziegler-Natta polymerization process that provides isotactic polyolefins of narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn </= 1.05) is documented. Variable-temperature NMR studies confirm the configurational stability of all species with respect to metal-centered epimerization and large magnitudes for both kbeta and k-beta. Additional kinetic analyses with an increasing concentration of the dormant state establish that kbeta is larger than k-beta. Finally, [Et3Si][B(C6F5)4] has been shown to be an effective substoichiometric halide abstractor for chloride degenerative transfer Ziegler-Natta polymerization.
Use of Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor in the Treatment of Fungal Infections (1998)

Management of fungal infections is a major medical problem. The risk of developing a fungal infection is higher for patients who are undergoing dose-intensive therapy, are immunocompromised, have neutropenia, are receiving prophylactic antibiotics, have other infections, have invasive catheters, or have a history of severe trauma or burns. Survival is decreased among patients who develop fungal infection in these situations. In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with fungal infections in transplant recipients, cytokines that enhance cell function, such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), have been investigated. M-CSF enhances cytotoxicity, superoxide production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and secondary cytokine production in monocytes and macrophages. Animal models and clinical data suggest efficacy of M-CSF in controlling fungal infection.
Platelet storage for transfusion in synthetic media: further optimization of ingredients and definition of their roles (1995)

Currently, most platelet concentrates (PC) are stored for transfusion at 20 degrees C to 24 degrees C in autologous plasma. There are potential advantages in replacing some of this plasma with a synthetic medium. In this study, our major goals were to define the optimal ingredients and their concentrations in such a medium and to gain insight into the mechanism by which each ingredient confers benefit. In addition, we wished to validate a new polyvinyl chloride container plasticized with di-n-decyl phthalate (DnDP) for PC storage. PC derived from donations of whole blood were stored for 7 days in autologous plasma or a basic synthetic medium (BSM) containing 15 mmol/L glucose, 21 mmol/L citrate, and physiologic concentrations of salts other than bicarbonate within either the DnDP container or a licensed polyolefin container, PL-732. Metabolic events were characterized and a panel of in vitro tests were used to monitor platelet quality as systematic changes in the BSM were made. Platelet quality was as least as good, if not better, after storage in DnDP in comparison to PL-732. pH consistently decreased to less than 6.0 because of inadequate buffering of lactic acid in BSM alone. However, pH and the in vitro tests were well maintained by either the serial addition of bicarbonate (BSM + B) or the addition of at least 15 mmol/L acetate and 10 mmol/L phosphate (BSM + AP). The benefits of BSM + AP were traced to a decrease in lactic acid production by 33% and 19% relative to plasma and BSM + B, respectively, and the vigorous oxidation of acetate (0.66 +/- 0.09 mmol/d/10(12 platelets). The rates of lactate production and acetate consumption were similar and the pH during storage correlated with difference between the two rates, suggesting that acetate oxidation has an alkalinizing effect equivalent on a molar basis to the acidifying effect of production of lactate and a hydrogen ion. When pyruvate replaced acetate, it was also metabolized vigorously (0.52 +/- 0.06 mmol/d/10(12) platelets). Its presence suppressed lactic acid production by 44% relative to BSM + B and allowed maintenance of pH and platelet quality similar to what is achieved with acetate. The results strongly suggest that the benefit from acetate (or pyruvate) is derived from its oxidation and the use of a hydrogen ion during that oxidation. For reasons that are not yet clear, the omission of phosphate resulted in pH decrease to less than 6.0 in 3 of 9 PC even with acetate present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Spin-On Organic Polymer Dopants for Silicon (2013)

We introduce a new class of spin-on dopants composed of organic, dopant-containing polymers. These new dopants offer a hybrid between conventional inorganic spin-on dopants and a recently developed organic monolayer doping technique that affords unprecedented control and uniformity of doping profiles. We demonstrate the ability of polymer film doping to achieve both p-type and n-type silicon by using boron- and phosphorus-containing polymer films. Different doping mechanisms are observed for boron and phosphorus doping, which could be related to the specific chemistries of the polymers. Thus, there is an opportunity to further control doping in the future by tuning the polymer chemistry.
Differential expression of keratins 10, 17, and 19 in normal cervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical carcinoma. (1999)

The morphological variety within the cervix is reflected, in part, by distinct keratin patterns. There are striking differences in the patterns of keratins 10 and 17 between infiltrating squamous carcinoma and normal cervical epithelia.
2008 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB 2008) [Conference Reports] (2009)

The 2008 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology was held at the Sun Valley Resort in Sun Valley, Idaho on September 15-17.
12E-3 Channel-Select RF MEMS Filters Based on Self-Coupled AlN Contour-Mode Piezoelectric Resonators (2007)

This paper reports experimental results on a new class of single-chip multi-frequency channel-select filters based on self-coupled aluminum nitride (AlN) contour-mode piezoelectric resonators. For the first time, two-port AlN contour- mode resonators are connected in series and electrically coupled using their intrinsic capacitance to form multi-frequency (94 -271 MHz), narrow bandwidth (~ .3%), low insertion loss (~4 dB), high off-band rejection (~60 dB) and extremely linear (IIP3-110 dBm) channel-select filters. This novel technology enables multi-frequency, high-performance and small form factor filter arrays and makes a single-chip multi-band RF solution possible in the near future.
ANTIFEEDANT PHYTOCHEMICAL BLOCKS OVIPOSITION BY SHEEP BLOWFLY (1985)

Abstract Extracts of neem kernels powerfully deter oviposition by the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). An azadirachtin‐enriched, solvent extract has 100 to 1000 x more antiovipositant activity than crude, expressed neem oil.
Methoxide des Zinns (1963)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden Halogenide mit Natriummethoxid in Methanol wurden Zinn(II)‐methoxid und Dimethylzinndimethoxid dargestellt. Triphenylzinnmethoxid wurde durch Methanolyse von Triphenylzinndiäthylamid gewonnen. Versuche zur Darstellung von Trimethylzinnmethoxid werden beschrieben und der Zerfall der Verbindung diskutiert.