gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regiospecific control in the formation of cyclohexenes from dienes. The catalysed and non-catalysed reactions of butadiene and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene with methyl sorbate (1974)

P. J. Garratt and M. Wyatt, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 251 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000251
Optical fiber humidity sensor using a nano Fabry-Perot cavity formed by electrostatic self-assembly (2000)

The electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) process was utilized to fabricate a novel optical fiber humidity sensor based on a nano interferometric cavity. A wide operation range, from 11.3% to 100% relative humidity with a maximum variation of 4.77 dB, was experimentally demonstrated. Due to the short length of the interferometric cavity, less than 400 nm, an LED was used as the light source instead of a laser. The fast response time of this humidity sensor, less than 1.5 seconds, makes it possible to monitor human breathing.
Restenosis rate after intravascular ultrasound-guided coronary stent implantation (1998)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that patients fulfilling intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) criteria for optimal coronary stent implantation show a reduction in the restenosis rate at 6 months. IVUS guidance for stent dilation may be associated with facilitated stent implantation and an increased acute luminal gain, but it has not yet been determined, whether and to what extent this procedure is associated with a reduction in the restenosis rate. IVUS-guided optimization of Palmaz-Schatz stent placement was performed in 125 consecutive patients, 64 of whom fulfilled IVUS-criteria for optimal stent placement. Another 125 patients served as the non-IVUS control group. In 107 patients (86%) of the non-IVUS control group and 105 patients (84%) of the IVUS group, angiographic follow-up was performed. The IVUS group of patients revealed a significantly lower restenosis rate of 20.9% as compared with 29.9% in the control group (P = 0.033). Patients that met IVUS criteria for optimal stent placement had a larger minimal lumen diameter immediately after stent implantation (3.13 +/- 0.44 vs. 2.95 +/- 0.47 mm; P = 0.045) and at 6-month follow-up (2.23 +/- 0.78 vs. 1.87 +/- 0.76 mm; P = 0.019) as well as a significantly lower restenosis rate (13.5% vs. 28.3%; P = 0.038) as compared with patients that did not fulfil these criteria. Our data suggest that patients fulfilling IVUS criteria for optimal stent placement demonstrate a reduced risk for the development of restenosis. Thus, IVUS investigation identifies factors predictive of restenosis after coronary stent placement.
Management of Multiple Cards in NFC-Devices (2008)

Near Field Communication (NFC) currently is one of the most promising technologies in handsets for contactless applications like ticketing or payment. These applications require a secure store for keeping sensitive data. Combining NFC with integrated smartcard chips in a mobile device allows the emulation of different cards. Representing each secure element with different UIDs poses several problems. Thus we propose an approach with a fixed UID dedicated to a Secure Element Controller (SEC). This approach allows an optimized backwards compatibility to already established reader infrastructures but also the communication in peer-to-peer mode with other NFC devices. Additionally the communication over peer-to-peer as well as the internal mode of secure elements at the same time is possible. This is approach poses a flexible alternative to the implementations proposed so far. In addition when there are to multiple, removable secure elements in a device it is ensured that the secure elements are only used by authorized user/devices. The SEC in this case handles the communication between the secure elements as well as their authentication.
Controlling Tumor Growth by Modulating Endogenous Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (2005)

Paradoxically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can promote normal cellular proliferation and carcinogenesis, and can also induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In this report, we study the contribution of ROS to various cellular signals depending on the nature and the level of ROS produced. In nontransformed NIH 3T3 cells, ROS are at low levels and originate from NADPH oxidase. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), controlled by the glutathione system, is pivotal for the modulation of normal cell proliferation. In CT26 (colon) and Hepa 1-6 (liver) tumor cells, high levels of ROS, close to the threshold of cytotoxicity, are produced by mitochondria and H(2)O(2) is controlled by catalase. N-acetylcysteine, which decreases H(2)O(2) levels, inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase and normal cell proliferation but increases tumor cell proliferation as H(2)O(2) concentration drops from the toxicity threshold. In contrast, antioxidant molecules, such as mimics of superoxide dismutase (SOD), increase H(2)O(2) levels through superoxide anion dismutation, as well as in vitro proliferation of normal cells, but kill tumor cells. CT26 tumors were implanted in mice and treated by oxaliplatin in association with one of the three SOD mimics manganese(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin, copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2, or manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate. After 1 month, the volumes of tumors were respectively 35%, 31%, and 63% smaller than with oxaliplatin alone (P < 0.001). Similar data were gained with Hepa 1-6 tumors. In conclusion, antioxidant molecules may have opposite effects on tumor growth. SOD mimics can act in synergy with cytotoxic drugs to treat colon and liver cancers.
Service Migration in a Cloud Architecture (2011)

This paper examines service migration in a new computing paradigm, the cloud computing environment (CCE), by examining security and integration issues associated with service implementation. We postulate that a cloud architecture will evolve to be both more flexible and heterogeneous in resources because of the services complexity demanded by organizations. This introduces additional, but tractable, complications when considering the service migration concept within three support areas; acquisition, implementation, and security that present significant challenges to service migration in the cloud. From the consumer perspective, these support areas present the slowest and most costly components of the migration problem for small to medium size organizations. We hypothesize that several mechanisms including CCE platform standards and a computational virtual machine will need to be developed (or will emerge and achieve dominance in the cloud market domain) to facilitate service migration and the resolution of the issues identified.
The release of dipicolinic acid during heating and its relation to the heat destruction of <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> spores (1985)

The rates of dipicolinic acid (Dpa) release and the rates of death were studied for spores of five strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus. It was observed that a highly significant relationship exists between the rate of Dpa release and rate of spore death for the four out of five strains tested and for all test temperatures. At 115 degrees C the rate of Dpa release was found to be faster than the rate of death, equal at 120 degrees C and slower at 125 degrees C. The role of Dpa in heat resistance was considered and a theory is proposed to explain the mechanism by which the heat resistance of bacterial spores is overcome.
Ultrastructure of Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome： A case report (2006)

在肝 bioptate 的 Kupffer 房间和 hepatocytes 的超微结构与 Dubin-Johnson 症候群(DJS ) 在一个 17 岁的男孩被评估。针活体检视获得的肝织物在 glutaraldehyde 和帕拉甲醛被修理并且习惯性地为电子处理了显微镜的分析。肝 bioptate 的极端结构的考试揭示了膜界限的累积，在 hepatocytes 的细胞质以内的电子稠密的 lysosomal 小粒， DJS 特征。他们主要位于胆汁的杆的附近，并且优先地，在小叶中心区域，那对应于在轻显微镜下面看见的颜料存款。小粒的存在被无粒内质网和帕拉的扩大元素伴随水晶的 mitochondrial 包括以及胆汁 canaliculi 的膨胀。在 hepatocytes 的变化与显著刺激共存了并且提高了 Kupffer 房间的吞噬细胞的活动。这在他们对应于在 hepatocytes 观察的那些的细胞质以内在颜料存款的累积被表明。涉及对从瓦解的 hepatocytes 发源的颜料的材料的反应的中央 Kupffer 房间可以玩的活动过度的仙子在 DJS 的发展的一个必要角色。
Effects of the Homogeneity of Particle Coordination on Solid‐State Sintering of Transparent Alumina (2006)

A quantitative assessment of the homogeneity of particle coordination in green bodies is achieved by addressing pore structures. Avoiding a coarser tail of the pore size distribution is important but insufficient for optimum sintering. Instead, the steepest slope of the main body of the distribution is responsible for a maximum density at lowest temperature, and further progress is enabled by minimizing interparticle spacing (the average pore size). Ranking different technologies with different associated pore size distributions, the same correlation holds for the impact of homogeneity on (i) sintering densification as (ii) for the onset of intense grain growth during the final sintering stage. For all of the investigated processing approaches the pore size distributions are observed to remain constant through the initial and intermediate states of sintering.
1P1-K05 Development of Human Gait Measurement and Evaluation System (2009)

The aim of this research is to develop a human gait measurement and evaluation system which gives a quantitative and effective evaluation index of a human lower limb movement. It will be utilized to support a medical examination and a rehabilitation of patients with limb movement disorder. In this paper, we will develop a prototype of a human gait measurement system based on gyro sensors and acceleration sensors attached to a human body, and try to extract walking features from measured data of quasi hemiplegic gait in comparison with normal gait.
The new CCSDS image compression recommendation (2005)

The consultative committee for space data systems (CCSDS) data compression working group has recently adopted a recommendation for image data compression, with a final release expected in 2005. The algorithm adopted in the recommendation consists of a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform of the image, followed by progressive bit-plane coding of the transformed data. The algorithm can provide both lossless and lossy compression, and allows a user to directly control the compressed data volume or the fidelity with which the wavelet-transformed data can be reconstructed. The algorithm is suitable for both frame-based image data and scan-based sensor data, and has applications for near-Earth and deep-space missions. The standard will be accompanied by free software sources on a future Web site. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation of the compressor is currently under development. This paper describes the compression algorithm along with the requirements that drove the selection of the algorithm. Performance results and comparisons with other compressors are given for a test set of space images.
Myocarditis (2000)

Myocarditis is defined clinically as inflammation of the heart muscle. First introduced into the medical literature at the beginning of the 19th century, the term “myocarditis” was initially used to describe diseases of the heart muscle not associated with valvular abnormalities.1 With the recognition of the importance of coronary-artery occlusion as a cause of heart-muscle disease at the beginning of the 20th century, the term was largely discarded. In the second half of the 20th century, a constellation of clinical observations renewed interest in inflammation of the heart muscle: myocarditis was recognized in a surprisingly large number of postmortem studies . . .
Facile synthesis of water-soluble, highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots as a robust biological label for stem cells (2012)

We present a facile electrochemical method for synthesizing uniform sized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a strong yellow emission at 14% quantum yield. This approach has enabled a large-scale production of aqueous GQD solution without the need for polymeric or surfactant stabilizers. The structure and emission mechanism of the GQDs have been studied by combining extensive characterization techniques, rigorous control experiments and theoretical calculations. We further demonstrate the distinctive advantages of such GQDs for direct and efficient stem cell labeling, opening up great opportunities for their bio-medical applications.
Haunted by the Past: Ways of Remembering the Holocaust on Film (2006)

A considerable number of television and theatrical documentaries, in which historians, survivors and witnesses provide commentary and testimony, have been devoted to the subject of the Holocaust. While documentary films have generally been considered appropriate ways to treat the subject of the Holocaust, dramatized films are much more likely to encounter criticism. Two recent feature films concerned with the Holocaust have not aroused the controversies that accompanied 'Schindler's List' and 'Life is Beautiful' and may, as a result, have been overlooked by many viewers. 'Fateless' and 'Everything is Illuminated' are two films, which are alike in two respects: they did not get the attention they deserved, and were both adapted from critically acclaimed works of literature, but otherwise they are very different in approach. An attempt is made to demonstrate why they deserve attention and to illustrate the differences between them.
Libya's Foreign Policy in North Africa by Mary-Jane Deeb Boulder, San Francisco, and Oxford, Westview Press, 1991. Pp. x+214. £27.95 paperback. (1992)

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RADIA: RNA and DNA Integrated Analysis for Somatic Mutation Detection (2014)

The detection of somatic single nucleotide variants is a crucial component to the characterization of the cancer genome. Mutation calling algorithms thus far have focused on comparing the normal and tumor genomes from the same individual. In recent years, it has become routine for projects like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to also sequence the tumor RNA. Here we present RADIA (RNA and DNA Integrated Analysis), a novel computational method combining the patient-matched normal and tumor DNA with the tumor RNA to detect somatic mutations. The inclusion of the RNA increases the power to detect somatic mutations, especially at low DNA allelic frequencies. By integrating an individual's DNA and RNA, we are able to detect mutations that would otherwise be missed by traditional algorithms that examine only the DNA. We demonstrate high sensitivity (84%) and very high precision (98% and 99%) for RADIA in patient data from endometrial carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma from TCGA. Mutations with both high DNA and RNA read support have the highest validation rate of over 99%. We also introduce a simulation package that spikes in artificial mutations to patient data, rather than simulating sequencing data from a reference genome. We evaluate sensitivity on the simulation data and demonstrate our ability to rescue back mutations at low DNA allelic frequencies by including the RNA. Finally, we highlight mutations in important cancer genes that were rescued due to the incorporation of the RNA.
Development of the autonomous hydraulic excavator prototype using 3-D information for motion planning and control (2010)

Civil engineering work still involves many dangerous and grueling tasks, so improving work environments and ensuring safety are challenges facing this field. The development of construction machines are also essential to prepare for the aging problem of construction workers and shortage of young experienced workers in near future. This research project was conducted to overcome these problems by development of the basic technologies with three-dimensional information, and realize the autonomous operation of hydraulic excavators, which is, a typical general purpose construction machine. We have implemented a prototype of the autonomous hydraulic excavator, which performs the soil excavation and loading work under basic conditions. The achieved work speed and finished product precision were almost same as those of normal work by humans.
“Bligh and Dyer” and Folch Methods for Solid–Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Lipids from Microorganisms. Comprehension of Solvatation Mechanisms and towards Substitution with Alternative Solvents (2017)

Bligh and Dyer (B & D) or Folch procedures for the extraction and separation of lipids from microorganisms and biological tissues using chloroform/methanol/water have been used tens of thousands of times and are "gold standards" for the analysis of extracted lipids. Based on the Conductor-like Screening MOdel for realistic Solvatation (COSMO-RS), we select ethanol and ethyl acetate as being potentially suitable for the substitution of methanol and chloroform. We confirm this by performing solid-liquid extraction of yeast (<i>Yarrowia lipolytica IFP29</i>) and subsequent liquid-liquid partition-the two steps of routine extraction. For this purpose, we consider similar points in the ternary phase diagrams of water/methanol/chloroform and water/ethanol/ethyl acetate, both in the monophasic mixtures and in the liquid-liquid miscibility gap. Based on high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to obtain the distribution of lipids classes, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionisation detector (GC/FID) to obtain fatty acid profiles, this greener solvents pair is found to be almost as effective as the classic methanol-chloroform couple in terms of efficiency and selectivity of lipids and non-lipid material. Moreover, using these bio-sourced solvents as an alternative system is shown to be as effective as the classical system in terms of the yield of lipids extracted from microorganism tissues, independently of their apparent hydrophilicity.
Mirror-tunable laser interference lithography system for wafer-scale patterning with flexible periodicity (2015)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact and cost-effective mirror-tunable laser interference lithography system to generate submicron grating structures with flexible periodicity. This system also enables a large-area illumination coverage that is not limited by the mirror size. Proof-of-concept demonstrations verify that this system is capable of generating 360-nm and 880-nm spaced gratings over a large 4-inch sample area without requiring optical path reconfiguration, thus is suitable for the realization of high-index-contrast grating mirrors used for a wide wavelength range.
Setting maintenance quality objectives and prioritizing maintenance work by using quality metrics (2002)

Metrics that are collected and validated during development can be used during maintenance to control quality and prioritize maintenance work. Validity criteria are defined mathematically. The approach is based on validating selected metrics against related quality factors during development and using the validated metrics during maintenance to: establish initial quality objectives and quality control criteria and prioritize software components (e.g., module) and allocate resources to maintain them. The author illustrates both a case of passing a validation test (discriminative power) and failing a validation test (tracking).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimizing Aperiodic Response Times in a Firm Real-Time Environment (1999)

In certain real-time applications, ranging from multimedia to telecommunication systems, timing constraints can be more flexible than scheduling theory usually permits. In this paper, we deal with the problem of scheduling hybrid sets of tasks, consisting of firm periodic tasks (i.e., tasks with deadlines which can occasionally skip one instance) and soft aperiodic requests, which have to be served as soon as possible to achieve good responsiveness. We propose and analyze an algorithm, based on a variant of Earliest Deadline First scheduling, which exploits skips to minimize the response time of aperiodic requests. One of the most interesting features of our algorithm is that it can easily be tuned to balance performance vs. complexity, for adapting it to different application requirements. Extensive simulation experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with respect to existing methods. Schedulability bounds are also derived to perform off-line analysis.
Reflections on the High-Level Language Symbol Computer System (1981)

A radical computer architecture implementing a programming language and a timeshared operating system directly in hardware, Symbol remains a valuable lesson in building complex systems.
Application of a Precision-Enhancing Measure in 3D Rigid-Body Positioning Using Camera-Space Manipulation (1997)

This article presents an iterative procedure for improving the precision obtainable with camera-space manipulation. It also reports on extensive experimental results using this procedure with a task of some historical note in the area of vision-guided robotics, a task that involves close-tolerance, 3D, rigid-body assembly. The procedure was devised to achieve higher pre cision by introducing to parameter estimates the accuracy of the "perspective" camera model, while retaining the numerical advantage of the orthographic model. The camera-space coor dinates of each of several visually detected cues on the grasped object are multiplied by an iteratively improved correction fac tor, so that the modified image-plane appearances of the cues more closely approach the ideal of an orthographic projection. The correction factor is normalized near the point of maneuver termination so that camera-space maneuver objectives may stay unchanged. A similar strategy may be used to determine the camera-space objectives themselves. Results of experimental and simulation studies are presented and discussed.
Comparison of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–Based <sup>18</sup>F-DCFBC PET/CT to Conventional Imaging Modalities for Detection of Hormone-Naïve and Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2015)

PET imaging with (18)F-DCFBC, a small-molecule PSMA-targeted radiotracer, detected more lesions than CIM and promises to diagnose and stage patients with metastatic prostate cancer more accurately than current imaging methods.
Towards Optimal Routing and Scheduling of Metroplex Operations (2009)

Metroplex management is based on the coordinated utilization of shared resources by ∞ights operating into and out of a group of airports in close physical proximity, whether these resources take the form of airspace, flxes, or runways. This coordination can be achieved by spatially segregating resources and their usage or, alternatively, through temporal interleaving of operations on a shared resource. In this paper, we describe a mixed integer linear programming formulation which simultaneously solves a routing and scheduling problem for metroplex tra‐c. The space of routing options is treated in a discrete manner while time is treated as a continuous variable. Several heuristics are introduced that can optionally be applied to limit the time required to flnd near-optimal, satisflcing solutions. We explore the application of this formulation to a number of difierent metroplex interactions of increasing complexity to establish its computational feasibility and examine the nature of solutions obtained. In doing so, we identify conditions under which the planner switches \automatically between temporal and spatial strategies as a natural consequence of the formulation and objective function considered.
Indirect feedback compensation of CMOS op-amps (2006)

This paper presents the design of CMOS op-amps using indirect feedback compensation technique. The indirect feedback compensation results in much faster and low power op-amps, significant reduction in the layout size and better power supply noise rejection