gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Preformed Type A Botulinal Toxin in Hash Brown Potatoes by Using the Mouse Bioasssay and a Modified ELISA Test (2001)

A foodborne illness caused by type A toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum was investigated by using the standard mouse bioassay and a rapid invitro test for toxin detection. The patient, who consumed improperly stored hash brown potatoes that contained the preformed toxin, was diagnosed with type A botulism. C. botulinum type A toxin was detected in the hash brown potatoes as well as in the tryptone-peptone-glucose-yeast extract (TPGY) medium subcultures of this food using the mouse bioassay and an amplified ELISA technique. The mouse bioassay revealed preformed toxin at 10,000 minimum lethal dose (MLD)/g uncooked product and the amplified ELISA an equivalent 50,000 MLD/g. The cultural toxin from the uncooked product killed mice at the 10(6) dilution and a modification of the ELISA procedure was positive at the 10(3) dilution. Cooked food obtained from the consumer's waste can contained 100 MLD/g and the ELISA was also positive at the same dilution of the product. The culture of the cooked product obtained from the waste can was lethal for mice at the 10(7) dilution and positive using the modified ELISA at the 10(4) dilution. The unmodified amplified ELISA method indicated a toxin level of approximately 1 ng/mL (equivalent to 5 x 10(5) MLD/mL) in diluted culture fluid from the uncooked food and the culture of cooked food obtained from the waste can. The hash brown potatoes were negative for types B, E, and F preformed and cultural botulinal toxins using both assays.
Synthesis of Bisisoindolomethene Dyes Bearing Anisole or Ethylthiophene Residues for Red and Near-IR Fluorescence (2007)

New difluorobora-diisoindolomethenes dyes were synthesized from carbohydrazide and o-hydroxy-acetophenone derivatives bearing phenyl, p-anisole or ethylthiophene substituents. The nature of the substituents allows modulating the fluorescence from 650 nm to 780 nm. Replacement of the fluoro ligands by ethynyl-aryl residues is feasible using Grignard reagents. Standard fluorescence studies prove that very efficient energy transfer, from the pyrene moiety linked to the boron center to the boradiazaindacene, is effective in providing large virtual Stokes shifts.
A Full-wave Equation Based Seismic Illumination Analysis Method (2008)

We propose a full-wave equation based method for seismic illumination analysis. The full-wave finite-difference method is used to calculate the waves from the source and receiver to the subsurface target. A time domain local slowness analysis technique is used to decompose the wavefield into angle domain beams. Based on the angle domain information, we formulate the illumination matrix from which different illumination measurements can be derived. Unlike the one-way wave equation based method, the current approach does not have the angle limitation and the reflection/transmission energy can be accurately calculated. The new illumination method can handle turning waves which are crucial for imaging steep structures. Thus, this method is particularly useful for providing illumination analysis in reverse-time migration. A group of numerical examples are calculated to demonstrate the time-domain wavefield decomposition and the creation of different illumination measurements. The illumination in the 2D BP model is investigated. Our special attention is focused on the illumination of vertical and overhung structures.
Intestinal transport and metabolism of bile acids (2014)

In addition to their classical roles as detergents to aid in the process of digestion, bile acids have been identified as important signaling molecules that function through various nuclear and G protein-coupled receptors to regulate a myriad of cellular and molecular functions across both metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways. Signaling via these pathways will vary depending on the tissue and the concentration and chemical structure of the bile acid species. Important determinants of the size and composition of the bile acid pool are their efficient enterohepatic recirculation, their host and microbial metabolism, and the homeostatic feedback mechanisms connecting hepatocytes, enterocytes, and the luminal microbiota. This review focuses on the mammalian intestine, discussing the physiology of bile acid transport, the metabolism of bile acids in the gut, and new developments in our understanding of how intestinal metabolism, particularly by the gut microbiota, affects bile acid signaling.
Differential Actions of the Endocytic Collagen Receptor uPARAP/Endo180 and the Collagenase MMP-2 in Bone Homeostasis (2013)

A well-coordinated remodeling of uncalcified collagen matrices is a pre-requisite for bone development and homeostasis. Collagen turnover proceeds through different pathways, either involving extracellular reactions exclusively, or being dependent on endocytic processes. Extracellular collagen degradation requires the action of secreted or membrane attached collagenolytic proteases, whereas the alternative collagen degradation pathway proceeds intracellularly after receptor-mediated uptake and delivery to the lysosomes. In this study we have examined the functional interplay between the extracellular collagenase, MMP-2, and the endocytic collagen receptor, uPARAP, by generating mice with combined deficiency of both components. In both uPARAP-deficient and MMP-2-deficient adult mice the length of the tibia and femur was decreased, along with a reduced bone mineral density and trabecular bone quality. An additional decrease in bone length was observed when combining the two deficiencies, pointing to both components being important for the remodeling processes in long bone growth. In agreement with results found by others, a different effect of MMP-2 deficiency was observed in the distinct bone structures of the calvaria. These membranous bones were found to be thickened in MMP-2-deficient mice, an effect likely to be related to an accompanying defect in the canalicular system. Surprisingly, both of the latter defects in MMP-2-deficient mice were counteracted by concurrent uPARAP deficiency, demonstrating that the collagen receptor does not support the same matrix remodeling processes as the MMP in the growth of the skull. We conclude that both uPARAP and MMP-2 take part in matrix turnover processes important for bone growth. However, in some physiological situations, these two components do not support the same step in the growth process.
A Survey of Clinical CAD/CAM Use (1994)

Exploring and evaluating a computeraided designlcomputer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system can be an intimidating task, even for the experienced computer user. Two of the biggest obstacles facing contemporary prosthetics are educating and informing the new or prospective CADI CAM user and implementing the system in an existing clinical setting. The following article strives to give the new or prospective CAD/CAM user insight through others' experiences. Opinions herein are based on a survey returned by facilities that have undergone the CAD/CAM evaluation and implementation process (see sample of survey at end of article).
Analysis of Expression Data: An Overview (2003)

Abstract After providing a brief introduction to microarray chips and experimental details, this overview discusses analysis techniques. Data analysis from microarray experiments generally involves two parts: acquiring and normalizing the data, and interpreting it. This unit focuses mostly on the latter, as it is less technology‐specific.
A new type of amorphous silicon photovoltaic cell generating more than 2.0 V (1979)

A new type of plasma-deposited amorphous silicon photovoltaic cell having a horizontally multilayered p-i-n unit-cell structure has been developed. The open-circuit voltage Voc is nearly proportional to the number of repetitions of the p-i-n unit cell. Almost-constant energy-conversion efficiencies of around 4% have been obtained with Voc ranging from 0.6 to 2.4 V by applying a simple optimum design rule to the cell-construction parameters.
Cleanup of Water Surface from Oil Spills Using Natural Sorbent Materials (2014)

The following indicators were used to compare sorption efficiency of the test objects: oil capacity (OC), buoyancy, solubility of hydrocarbons in water, and water absorption (WA). Hereby, it was determined that the peat moss carbonized at the temperature of 200-250°С and modified by acetic acid has high sorption capacity. The sorbents introduced can increase the efficiency of water surface cleaning up until the water is almost clean and the residual oil content in water is less than 0.03 g/l.
Dilithiodiborane(6) (Li2B2H4). An experimentally viable species with a B = B double bond. Planar no-bond-double-bond isomers with pentacoordinate boron? (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDilithiodiborane(6) (Li2B2H4). An experimentally viable species with a B = B double bond. Planar no-bond-double-bond isomers with pentacoordinate boron?Elmar Kaufmann and Paul v. R. SchleyerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 22, 3987–3992Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00295a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00295a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Heterotopic Ossification in Orthopaedic Trauma (2012)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) can be defined as the pathologic formation of bone in extraskeletal tissues. There has been a substantial amount of recent research on the pathophysiology, prophylaxis, and treatment of HO and traumatic conditions associated with the development of HO. This research has advanced our understanding of this disease and helped to clarify evidence-based approaches to both the prophylaxis and treatment of HO. This article reviews the literature on these topics with a focus on their application in orthopaedic trauma.
Viral proteins associated with the Epstein-Barr virus transactivator, ZEBRA. (1992)

The BamHI Z Epstein-Barr replication activator (ZEBRA) mediates disruption of latency and induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early gene expression in latently infected lymphocytes. Polyclonal rabbit sera raised against ZEBRA were used to immunoprecipitate ZEBRA-associated proteins (ZAPs). ZAPs of 19, 21, 23, and 42 kDa were coimmunoprecipitated with ZEBRA from extracts of EBV-producing lymphoid cell lines. ZAPs were not recognized directly by the rabbit sera, but they were antigenic for EBV+ human sera. Immunoprecipitation of ZAPs by ZEBRA-specific antisera required the presence of ZEBRA. ZAPs were not coprecipitated with ZEBRA from mouse cells expressing only ZEBRA, from Raji (a cell line in which EBV is unable to complete lytic replication), or from cells treated with inhibitors of viral DNA synthesis. Thus, ZAPs are late EBV-encoded proteins. ZEBRA and ZAPs colocalized to a salt-insoluble nuclear fraction, and both were found extracellularly in crude preparations of virions. ZAPs might function to affect the cellular localization of ZEBRA, to alter its capacity to transactivate, or to influence its target gene specificity.
Selfish-herd behaviour of sheep under threat (2012)

Flocking is a striking example of collective behaviour that is found in insect swarms, fish schools and mammal herds. A major factor in the evolution of flocking behaviour is thought to be predation, whereby larger and/or more cohesive groups are better at detecting predators (as, for example, in the 'many eyes theory'), and diluting the effects of predators (as in the 'selfish-herd theory') than are individuals in smaller and/or dispersed groups. The former theory assumes that information (passively or actively transferred) can be disseminated more effectively in larger/cohesive groups, while the latter assumes that there are spatial benefits to individuals in a large group, since individuals can alter their spatial position relative to their group-mates and any potential predator, thus reducing their predation risk. We used global positioning system (GPS) data to characterise the response of a group of 'prey' animals (a flock of sheep) to an approaching 'predator' (a herding dog). Analyses of relative sheep movement trajectories showed that sheep exhibit a strong attraction towards the centre of the flock under threat, a pattern that we could re-create using a simple model. These results support the long-standing assertion that individuals can respond to potential danger by moving towards the centre of a fleeing group.
The t(10;14)(q24;q11) of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia juxtaposes the delta T-cell receptor with TCL3, a conserved and activated locus at 10q24. (1990)

We cloned the t(10;14) recurrent translocation from CD3-negative T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. The breakpoint at 14q11 involved an intermediate rearrangement of the delta T-cell receptor locus, suggesting that the translocation arose at the time of antigen receptor assemblage. Translocation introduced chromosome segment 10q24 as proven by hybridization of a breakpoint-derived probe to flow-sorted chromosomes and metaphase chromosomes. Two t(10;14) breakpoints were clustered within a 600-base-pair region of 10q24 but no heptamer-spacer-nonamer motifs resembling T-cell receptor/immunoglobulin rearrangement signals were noted at the breakpoint. A locus distinct from terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase was found at 10q24. Evolutionarily conserved regions surrounding the 10q24 breakpoint were examined for transcriptional activity. A region telomeric to the 10q24 breakpoint, expected to translocate to the der(14) chromosome, recognized an abundant 2.9-kilobase RNA in a t(10;14) T-cell leukemia. This locus was not active in a variety of other normal and neoplastic T cells, arguing that it was deregulated by the introduction of the T-cell receptor. This locus is a candidate for a putative protooncogene, TCL3, involved in T-cell neoplasia.
CXCL10 regulates liver innate immune response against ischemia and reperfusion injury (2007)

CXCL10 regulates liver inflammation response against IRI, and its deficiency protected livers from IRI by local IL-10-mediated cytoprotection. Targeting CXCL10 may provide a novel therapeutic means to ameliorate liver IRI in clinics.
ChemInform Abstract: Benziporphyrin, a Benzene‐Containing, Non‐Aromatic Porphyrin Analogue. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Empirical analysis of grouping web pages using vector space model for link structures (2008)

Several kinds of vector space models for analyzing document similarity for grouping web pages have been developed. However, they are not used for analyzing link structures, partly because they are complex and links do not necessarily satisfy the similarity relation. If we can devise vector space models for link structures, we can combine them with those models for document similarity in order to develop the unified basis for grouping web pages. In this paper, we present a vector space model for link structures, based on the notion of link vectors, the specifically designed characteristic vectors for link structures.We also discuss the extension of this model to the model called content-link vector space model, which can treat document information and link information of web pages in a unified way. The preliminary experiments show that the models show good performance even when document information is ignored.
Multi-spectral face recognition: Identification of people in difficult environments (2012)

In this paper we study the problems of intra-spectral and cross-spectral face recognition (FR) in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Specifically we investigate the advantages and limitations of matching (i) short wave infrared (SWIR) face images to visible images under controlled or uncontrolled conditions, (ii) mid-wave infrared (MWIR) to MWIR or visible images under controlled conditions, and (iii) intra-distance near infrared (NIR) to NIR images and cross-distance, cross-spectral NIR to visible images. All NIR images were captured night-time, outdoors and at mid-ranges (from 30 up to 120 meters). We utilized both commercial and academic face matchers and performed a set of experiments indicating that our cross-photometric score level fusion rule can be utilized to improve SWIR cross-spectral matching performance across all FR scenarios investigated. We also show that intra-spectral matching results, using either MWIR or NIR images, are comparable to the baseline results, i.e., when comparing visible to visible face images. Our experiments also indicate that the level of improvement in recognition performance is scenario dependent. Experiments also show that cross-spectral matching (the heterogeneous problem, where gallery and probe sets have face images acquired in different spectral bands) is a very challenging problem and it requires further investigation to address real-world law enforcement or military situations.
Increased Expression of Mip-3α/Ccl20 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Its Down-Regulation by Sulfasalazine and Glucocorticoid Treatment (2005)

Collectively, these findings suggest that CCL20 expression in blood mononuclear cells is associated with altered immune and inflammatory responses in patients with UC.
New Cell for the Fourier Transform Raman Analysis of Fiber and Textile Samples (1994)

A new cell has been developed for the measurement of fiber and textile samples using FT-Raman spectroscopy. It improves the strength of the signal over that of conventional solid cells by the compression of the samples to be analyzed and the use of a mirror to reflect scattered radiation back out of the cell and into the collection lens of the spectrometer. The new cell also eliminates the problem of cell window material interfering with the sample spectrum, since the laser passes through a windowless aperture to reach the sample. This consideration is particularly important when spectra are being obtained from weakly scattering samples. The design, optimization, and use of the new cell are presented. The performance of the new cell in terms of improvements in signal-to-noise ratio and elimination of spectral artifacts is compared to that of other conventional sampling techniques. Significant improvements in spectral quality were obtained from both natural and synthetic fiber and textile samples.
CONTROL OF THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON IN PLANT CELL GROWTH (2006)

Plant cells grow through increases in volume and cell wall surface area. The mature morphology of a plant cell is a product of the differential rates of expansion between neighboring zones of the cell wall during this process. Filamentous actin arrays are associated with plant cell growth, and the activity of actin-binding proteins is proving to be essential for proper cell morphogenesis. Actin-nucleating proteins participate in cell expansion and cell plate formation whereas the recycling of actin monomers is required to maintain actin dynamics and controlled growth. Coordination of actin-binding protein activity and other aspects of cytoskeletal behavior during cell development maintains cohesive cell expansion. Emerging plant signaling networks are proving to be powerful regulators of morphology-shaping cytoskeletal activity, and in this review we highlight current research in actin network regulation.
A Single-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler for Horizontally Cooling HTS MRI Probe (2004)

A single‐stage GM type pulse tube cryocooler, model HPT10, has been developed to operate horizontally to meet certain cooling requirements (including applications such as high temperature superconducting (HTS) MRI probe coils, detectors, etc). A rotary valve (with motor) is physically separated from a pulse tube expander through a 2.1 meter stainless steel flexible line. The HPT10 provides 16.0 W at 77 K when operating in a horizontal position and 17.6 W at 77 K when operating in a vertical position, thus demonstrating only small performance degradation when operating horizontally. The HTS probe coil cooled by this type pulse tube cryocooler will significantly improve the image quality of MRI systems.
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Cycloaliphatic Epoxide/Vinyl Ether Systems Studied by Near‐Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy (2007)

Abstract Coatings from blends of cycloaliphatic epoxides and vinyl ethers were cross‐linked by UV‐induced cationic photopolymerization. The conversion of the vinyl double bonds during postcuring was followed by NIR reflection spectroscopy. The effect of various parameters such as the composition of the reactive formulation or the applied radiation dose on the kinetics of the postcuring process was studied. Finally, it was demonstrated on a pilot‐scale curing line that NIR spectroscopy can be used for inline monitoring of the actual conversion in UV‐cured coatings from cationic photopolymers. magnified image
New innovations in diode laser cladding (2002)

The Fraunhofer Center for Surface and Laser Processing developed a new cladding process, util-izing a 3 kW direct diode laser and a coaxial powder-feeding nozzle. Porosity free and near crack free nickel based coatings with a high content of globular tungsten carbide (WC) are applied to metal surfaces. The process reduces the operational cost of conventional CO2-systems by at least a factor of three and lowers investment costs by utilizing smaller laser systems. The process found its first application in the oil industry where it is applied to down-hole drilling equipment. In collaboration with a partner, new superior wear protective hard coatings were developed, tested and applied to a number of oilfield tools. In future developments the Center for Surface and Laser Processing will apply the technology for the repair of tools and dies and increase cladding efficiency further by using special plasma and induction based hybrid technologies.
Asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones with chiral alkoxy-amineborane complexes (1981)

A. Hirao, S. Itsuno, S. Nakahama and N. Yamazaki, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 315 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000315