gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 4bit Cell Array Structure of PoRAM and A Sensing Method for Drive this Structure (2007)

In this paper, a 4bit cell way structure of PoRAM and the sensing method to drive this structure are researched. PoRAM has a different operation from existing SRAM and DRAM. The operation is that when certain voltage is applied between top electrode and bottom electrode of PoRAM device we can classify the cell state by measuring cell current which is made by changing resistance of the cell. In the decoder selected by new-addressing method in the cell array, the row decoder is selected High and the column decoder is selected Low then certain current will flow to the bit-line. Because this current is detect, in order to make large enough current, the voltage sense amplifier is used. In this case, usually, 1-stage differential amplifier using current mirror is used. Furthermore, the detected value at the cell is current, so a diode connected NMOSFET, that is, a device resistor is used at the input port of the differential amplifier to converter current into voltage. Using this differential amplifier, we can classify the cell states, erase mode is Low and write mode is High, by comparing the input value, Vin, that is a product of current value multiplied by resistor value with a reference voltage, Vref.
On Unscented Kalman Filtering for State Estimation of Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems (2007)

This paper considers the application of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to continuous-time filtering problems, where both the state and measurement processes are modeled as stochastic differential equations. The mean and covariance differential equations which result in the continuous-time limit of the UKF are derived. The continuous-discrete UKF is derived as a special case of the continuous-time filter, when the continuous-time prediction equations are combined with the update step of the discrete-time UKF. The filter equations are also transformed into sigma-point differential equations, which can be interpreted as matrix square root versions of the filter equations.
Heterogeneous file sharing by file-system emulation (2008)

File sharing among heterogeneous systems is always a pain due to different conventions and file sharing mechanisms involved in both ends. Although the evolving of USB standards and the spread of USB storage devices alleviate the heterogeneous file sharing effort, the performance of the file transferring is degraded due to the bandwidth reduction introduced by the storage technologies and the fact that the amount of data must be transferred twice, i.e., to and from the storage. We propose a file-system emulation based scheme to transfer files across heterogeneous systems easy and fast. It takes the advantage of standard USB storage protocol to achieve driver-less translation layer for the target system. The overall transfer speed is improved by utilizing the file cache of the source system. The actual amount of data is transferred once without temporarily keeping a copy in the intermediate medium. We also mention example applications such as an UPnP file-server adapter and an improved file-sharing cable.
Recognition of temporally changing action potentials in multiunit neural recordings (1997)

We present a method to iteratively train an artificial neural network (ANN) or other supervised pattern classifier in order to adaptively recognize and track temporally changing patterns. This method uses recently acquired data and the existing classifier to create new training sets, from which a new classifier is then trained. The procedure is repeated periodically using the most recently trained classifier. This scheme was evaluated by applying it to simulated situations that arise in chronic recordings of multiunit neural activity from peripheral nerves. The method was able to track the changes in these simulated chronic recordings and to provide better unit recognition rates than an unsupervised clustering method suited to this problem.
Biochemical and Micro-Analytical Methods (1987)

Because of the small amounts of material available for study, investigations of plaque, caries lesions in enamel, and antibodies in saliva pose difficult challenges for investigators. Sophisticated biochemical and fluorescence techniques can now be used to investigate the microbial composition of plaque, thereby avoiding the need for tedious culturing techniques from single sites on tooth surfaces. A range of microchemical methodologies is available which greatly facilitates the analysis of plaque fluid, thereby enhancing our understanding of tooth-plaque interactions. The application of a range of novel physiochemical techniques should help to clarify our knowledge of the interactions involved in pellicle formation and elucidate the phenomena involved in the formation of the early caries lesion. A range of techniques is now available for the study of antibodies in saliva. These include ELISA, RIA, and solid-phase immunoassay. The application of these methodologies to the investigation of oral diseases should facilitate our understanding of the pathogenesis of dental maladies at the molecular level.
Cytotoxic properties of salivary oxidants (1990)

Salivary peroxidase and to a lesser extent myeloperoxidase are present in significant concentrations in saliva and catalyze the oxidation of thiocyanate anion (SCN-) by H2O2 to yield the potent oxidants hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) and its conjugate base hypothiocyanite anion (OSCN-). The objective of this study was to characterize the cytotoxic potential of peroxidase-generated HOSCN/OSCN- toward human erythrocytes. We found that HOSCN/OSCN- (0.25 mM) generated by the peroxidase-H2O2-SCN- system caused significant hemolysis at pH 6.0 but not at pH 6.5, 7.0, or 7.4. Erythrocyte hemoglobin (OxyHb) was oxidized to methemoglobin (MetHb) at all pH values tested; however, the rate of MetHb formation was dramatically increased at low pH and was not affected by inosine hexaphosphate, suggesting that hemoglobin was oxidized primarily by HOSCN. Concurrent with oxidation of hemoglobin (Hb), there was a pH-dependent consumption of HOSCN/OSCN- with more of the oxidant consumed at pH 6.0 compared with pH 6.5, 7.0, or 7.4. The enhanced oxidation of Hb at acidic pH was not due simply to increased membrane permeability by the uncharged species (HOSCN), since both erythrocyte lysate Hb and purified Hb were oxidized to the same extent at low pH as were intact erythrocytes. It is concluded that both OSCN- and HOSCN enter human erythrocytes where the protonated oxidant (HOSCN) mediates hemolysis and oxidizes OxyHb to MetHb, whereas both HOSCN and OSCN- oxidize glutathione (GSH). These data suggest that the extracellular pH may play an important role in modulating the cytotoxic properties of salivary oxidants.
The determination of trace metals in estuarine and coastal waters using a voltammetric in situ profiling system (2003)

This work presents the optimisation, validation and field deployment of a voltammetric in situ profiling (VIP) system for the simultaneous determinations of dynamic Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in estuarine and coastal waters. Systematic studies in NaNO3 (as a supporting electrolyte) and seawater, indicated that variations in ionic strength, pH and dissolved oxygen did not affect the response of the instrument, whereas an Arrhenius type temperature response was observed. The VIP instrument allows the determination of 2-3 samples h(-1), and has a detection limit (defined as 3sigma) in seawater for Cd(II): 23 pM, Cu(II): 1.13 nM, and Pb(II): 23 pM. The VIP system accurately measured the total dissolved concentrations of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in two certified reference materials; SLRS-3, a river water, and SLEW-2, an estuarine water. Field evaluation of the instrumentation and analytical methods was achieved through a series of surveys in the Plym Estuary (Devon, UK), from which environmental data are presented.
Generalization of an inequality of Hájek and Rényi (1966)

Abstract The famous inequality of Hájek and Rényi (1955) is here proved and generalized by a method of proof which has independent interest. The method has been used by Rosen (1964) in connection with sampling without replacement and we give a slight generalization of his inequality. As an application of our general inequality we prove a convergence theorem for normed sums of certain non-independent stochastic variables.
Toward Distributed service discovery in pervasive computing environments (2006)

The paper proposes a novel distributed service discovery protocol for pervasive environments. The protocol is based on the concepts of peer-to-peer caching of service advertisements and group-based intelligent forwarding of service requests. It does not require a service to be registered with a registry or lookup server. Services are described using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). We exploit the semantic class/subClass hierarchy of OWL to describe service groups and use this semantic information to selectively forward service requests. OWL-based service description also enables increased flexibility in service matching. We present simulation results that show that our protocol achieves increased efficiency in discovering services (compared to traditional broadcast-based mechanisms) by efficiently utilizing bandwidth via controlled forwarding of service requests.
On Fisher's Method of Combining <i>p</i>‐Values (1991)

Abstract The problem of combining p ‐values from independent experiments is discussed. It is shown that Fisher's solution to the problem can be derived from a “weight‐free” method that has been suggested for the purpose of ranking vector observations (Biometrics 19: 85–97, 1963). The method implies that the value p = 0.37 is a critical one: p ‐values below 0.37 suggest that the null hypothesis is more likely to be false, whereas p ‐values above 0.37 suggest that it is more likely to be true.
Interaction between doxorubicin and the resistance modifier stilbene on multidrug resistant mouse lymphoma and human breast cancer cells. (2006)

The hydroxystilbene trans-3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxystilbene (piceatannol) (1), isolated from the methanol extract of Euphorbia lagascae defatted seeds, was methylated to yield the derivatives trans-3,5,3',4'-tetramethoxystilbene (2), (trans-3,5-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxystilbene) (3) and trans-3,5,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene (4). The structures of the compounds were assigned by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS). The ability of piceatannol (1) and the three methylated derivatives to modulate the transport activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and apoptosis induction on the L5178 mouse lymphoma cell line containing the human MDR1 gene was studied by flow cytometry. The reversal of multidrug-resistance (MDR) was investigated by measuring the accumulation of rhodamine-123, a fluorescent substrate analog of doxorubicin, in cancer cells. Verapamil was applied as a positive control. For the evaluation of the compounds as apoptosis inducers, tumor cells were stained with FITC-labelled annexin-V and propidium iodide. The tetramethylated derivative (2) was found to be a powerful inhibitor of P-gp activity. Compounds 1 and 2 showed an increased apoptotic effect in the MDR subline, the most active being piceatannol (1). Furthermore, in the combination chemotherapy model, the interaction between doxorubicin and the resistance modifier 2 was studied in vitro. The results of checkerboard experiments indicated that the type of interaction was additive between doxorubicin and compound 2 on the human MDR1 gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cells. However, in the MCF7/dox human breast cancer cells, the interaction was non-additive. The degree of additive and non-additive interactions were close to the borderline of the FIX values corresponding to the two types of interactions.
Biochemical and neurochemical sequelae following mild traumatic brain injury: summary of experimental data and clinical implications (2010)

Although numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the pathophysiology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), there are still no standard criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of this peculiar condition. The dominant theory that diffuse axonal injury is the main neuropathological process behind mTBI is being revealed as weak at best or inconclusive, given the current literature and the fact that neuronal injury inherent to mTBI improves, with few lasting clinical sequelae in the vast majority of patients. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that such a course, rather than being due to cell death, is based on temporal neuronal dysfunction, the inevitable consequence of complex biochemical and neurochemical cascade mechanisms directly and immediately triggered by the traumatic insult. This report is an attempt to summarize data from a long series of experiments conducted in the authors' laboratories and published during the past 12 years, together with an extensive analysis of the available literature, focused on understanding the biochemical damage produced by an mTBI. The overall clinical implications, as well as the metabolic nature of the post-mTBI brain vulnerability, are discussed. Finally, the application of proton MR spectroscopy as a possible tool to monitor the full recovery of brain metabolic functions is emphasized.
Expression of the serine protease DESC1 correlates directly with normal keratinocyte differentiation and inversely with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression (2005)

These results suggest downregulation of DESC1 during squamous cell carcinoma progression and upregulation during normal epithelial differentiation.
Immunohistochemical analysis of Sonic hedgehog signalling in normal human urinary tract development (2007)

Studies of mouse mutants have demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling has a functional role in morphogenesis and differentiation at multiple sites within the forming urinary tract, and urinary tract malformations have been reported in humans with mutations that disrupt SHH signalling. However, there is only strikingly sparse and fragmentary information about the expression of SHH and associated signalling genes in normal human urinary tract development. We used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that SHH protein was localised in distinct urinary tract epithelia in developing normal humans, in the urothelium of the nascent bladder and in kidney medullary collecting ducts. The expression patterns of the SHH-transducing proteins Patched (PTCH) and Smoothened (SMO) were consistent with long-range paracrine signalling associated with detrusor smooth muscle differentiation in the urogenital sinus. In the developing kidney, SHH and PTCH were expressed in epithelia of the collecting system between 16-26 weeks--surprisingly, SMO was not detected. Analysis of cell proliferation and Cyclin B1 immunohistochemistry at 26 weeks, as compared with a 28 week sample in which SHH expression was down-regulated, was consistent with the idea that SHH and PTCH might influence medullary collecting duct growth by regulating the subcellular localisation of Cyclin B1 independently of SMO. Collectively, these descriptive results generate new hypotheses regarding SHH signal transduction in human urinary tract development and help to explain the varied urinary tract malformation phenotypes noted in individuals with mutations in the SHH pathway.
Nucleo-Mitochondrial Interactions in Mitochondrial Gene Expression (1995)

All proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are dependent on proteins encoded by nuclear genes for their synthesis and function. Recent developments in the identification of these genes and the elucidation of the roles their products play at various stages of mitochondrial gene expression are covered in this review, which focuses mainly on work with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The high degree of evolutionary conservation of many cellular processes between this yeast and higher eukaryotes, the ease with which mitochondrial biogenesis can be manipulated both genetically and physiologically, and the fact that it will be the first organism for which a complete genomic sequence will be available within the next 2 to 3 years makes it the organism of choice for drawing up an inventory of all nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and for the identification of their counterparts in other organisms.
Cancer Trials Versus the Real World in the United States (2011)

In addition to profoundly low overall cancer trial accrual, vast underrepresentation by age, cancer stage, and site continue to exist. The generalizability of these trials to a real world perspective remains an open question. Physicians, payers, the National Cancer Institute, and other stakeholders need to develop broader cancer trials to benefit the millions of patients with cancer in the United States.
Low‐level red LED light inhibits hyperkeratinization and inflammation induced by unsaturated fatty acid in an <i>in vitro</i> model mimicking acne (2017)

Low level red LED light therapy could provide beneficial effects of anti-inflammation, normalizing pilosebaceous hyperkeratinization, and improving barrier impairment in Acne vulgaris. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:158-165, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A switchable CMOS LNA using capacitor switching (2011)

This paper discusses a design of single path low noise amplifier (LNA) architecture with variable capacitor switching, which can switch between standards of GSM 850 MHz and GSM 1.8 GHz. The LNA is designed using Silterra 0.18 µm CMOS technology process. The inductively degenerated cascode low noise amplifier topology has been adopted to develop this switchable LNA architecture. The post-layout simulations of the multi-standard LNA at 850 MHz for the input matching S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> is −12.74 dB, reverse isolation S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> is −55 dB, power gain S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</inf> is 10.67 dB, and output matching S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</inf> is −15.2 dB. On the other hand, the post-layout simulations at 1.8 GHz for the input matching S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> is −6.9 dB, reverse isolation S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> is −43.94 dB, power gain S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</inf> is 14.13 dB, and output matching S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</inf> is −11.36 dB. The noise figure of the multi-standard LNA at 1.8 GHz is 2.64 dB and 850 MHz is 3.92 dB. The total power consumption for both frequencies is 41.6 mW. The die size is 1.65 mm × 1.80 mm.
Amygdala-Dependent Fear Is Regulated by <i>Oprl1</i> in Mice and Humans with PTSD (2013)

The amygdala-dependent molecular mechanisms driving the onset and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly understood. Recent observational studies have suggested that opioid analgesia in the aftermath of trauma may decrease the development of PTSD. Using a mouse model of dysregulated fear, we found altered expression within the amygdala of the Oprl1 gene (opioid receptor-like 1), which encodes the amygdala nociceptin (NOP)/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP-R). Systemic and central amygdala infusion of SR-8993, a new highly selective NOP-R agonist, impaired fear memory consolidation. In humans, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within OPRL1 is associated with a self-reported history of childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms (n = 1847) after a traumatic event. This SNP is also associated with physiological startle measures of fear discrimination and magnetic resonance imaging analysis of amygdala-insula functional connectivity. Together, these data suggest that Oprl1 is associated with amygdala function, fear processing, and PTSD symptoms. Further, our data suggest that activation of the Oprl1/NOP receptor may interfere with fear memory consolidation, with implications for prevention of PTSD after a traumatic event.
Simulating heterogeneous crowd behaviors using personality trait theory (2011)

We present a new technique to generate heterogeneous crowd behaviors using personality trait theory. Our formulation is based on adopting results of a user study to derive a mapping from crowd simulation parameters to the perceived behaviors of agents in computer-generated crowd simulations. We also derive a linear mapping between simulation parameters and personality descriptors corresponding to the well-established Eysenck Three-factor personality model. Furthermore, we propose a novel two-dimensional factorization of perceived personality in crowds based on a statistical analysis of the user study results. Finally, we demonstrate that our mappings and factorizations can be used to generate heterogeneous crowd behaviors in different settings.
Inhibitory Effect of Ibudilast on Urinary Albumin Excretion in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with Microalbuminuria (2002)

To evaluate the clinical effect of ibudilast, a prostacyclin-mediated vasodilator and antiplatelet agent, on diabetic nephropathy, 8 nonhypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM; 4 men and 4 women, mean age: 58.9 +/- 11.4 years, duration of diabetes: 16.9 +/- 3.2 years) with microalbuminuria [20-200 mg/g creatinine (Cr)] were administered ibudilast (30 mg/day) for 18 months (ibudilast group). The urinary albumin excretion index (UAE, mg albumin/g Cr) was compared with 8 age-matched type 2 DM with microalbuminuria (control group). During the study, the UAE significantly decreased in the ibudilast group, while it significantly increased in the control group. After 18 months, the UAE (52 +/- 19 mg/g Cr) in the ibudilast group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that (99 +/- 46 mg/g Cr) in the control group. These results suggest that ibudilast may inhibit the progression of early diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM.
Purification and some properties of exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger cultured in the medium containing satsuma mandarin peel. (1984)

Two distinct exo-polygalacturonases (exo-PGs) have been obtained from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger. The two exo-PGs were purified by CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The exo-PG I and II were purified approximately 15- and 25-fold, and they were found to have Km values of 20 and 3.85mg/ml, respectively, from the LINEWEAVER-BURK plot. The molec- ular weights of exo-PG I and II were 66000 and 63000, and had an isoelectric point of pH 5.6 and 3.8, respectively. The pH optima for exo-PG I and II were at pH 3.8 and 4.8. However, pH stability, optimum temperature and thermal stability of these enzymes were almost similar. The interesting feature of these enzymes is the activation by mercury ions. HgCl2 greatly activated exo-PG I but not exo-PG II.
Differential phosphorylation of human thymidine kinase in proliferating and M phase-arrested human cells. (1994)

The expression of cytosolic human thymidine kinase (TK) occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Here, we show that TK is hyperphosphorylated during the M phase in several human cell lines. Our data from characterizing TK phosphorylation in proliferating and M phase-arrested HeLa cells suggest that the polypeptide of TK is differentially phosphorylated during the progression of the cell cycle. TK in the M phase-arrested HeLa cells was found to have a 10-fold lower affinity for its substrate, thymidine, than in the proliferating cells. We propose that phosphorylation of TK by the mitotic kinase(s) may provide an attenuating mechanism to prevent unnecessary synthesis of dTTP at the time of mitosis.