gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Maturation of Bovine Cumulus Enclosed Primary Oocytes and Their Subsequent In Vitro Fertilization and Cleavage (1985)

Cumulus enclosed primary oocytes from 2 to 4-mm bovine follicles were matured in vitro in Minimum Essential Medium containing follicle-stimulating hormone (0, .1, 1, 10, 50, or 100 micrograms/ml) or human chorionic gonadotropin (0, .1, 1, or 10 IU/ml) for 48 h at 37 degrees C under paraffin oil. Cumulus mass expansion comparable to that seen in vivo occurred in 18% of the control oocytes, 39% of those cultured in human chorionic gonadotropin, and 56% of those cultured in follicle-stimulating hormone. The optimum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration for cumulus expansion was 1 microgram/ml, and this was then used to mature oocytes individually or in groups of 5 for in vitro fertilization. Ejaculated bovine semen, extended 1:10 with yolk-TES-Tris extender and stored 24 to 48 h at 4 degrees C, was warmed, washed once with Minimum Essential Medium, and 500,000 motile sperm/ml were used to inseminate the matured oocyte-cumulus cell complexes. Criteria for fertilization was cleavage to the two-cell stage 48 h after insemination. Oocytes, inseminated individually, cleaved with a frequency of 5%, whereas 15% of those inseminated in groups of 5 cleaved, perhaps as the result of cumulus factors enhancing capacitation. The cleavage rate for the parthenogenetic control with killed spermatozoa was 0%. Therefore, primary oocytes matured in vitro to secondary oocytes were successfully fertilized in vitro and cleaved to at least the two-cell stage in the Minimum Essential Medium. Individual differences between bulls in ability to fertilize in vitro were noted.
Influence of sulfur and Mn/S ratio on the hot ductility of steels during continuous casting (1993)

The influence of S and (Mn/S) on the crack susceptibility of continuous casting steels was studied. It is theoretically demonstrated that there is a critical value of the (Mn/S) ratio, (Mn/S)c, under which a high susceptibility to cracking, during casting or deformation of as-cast material, is expected. The value of (Mn/S)c increases as the S content of the steel decreases. Based on literature data and results from rolling continuous casting billets the following experimental equation has been found: (Mn/S)c = 1.345 · S−0.7934. A high similarity between this experimental equation and the theoretical one is achieved. A comparison between the equation found and previous expressions from literature was carried out. The MSC index as the ratio between the (Mn/S) ratio of a steel and the corresponding critical one was defined. The MSC index is a useful tool for the analysis of experimental results from literature. Der Einfluß von Schwefelgehalt und Mn/S-Verhältnis auf die Rißempfindlichkeit stranggegossener Stähle wird untersucht. Unterhalb eines theoretisch ermittelten kritischen Mn/S-Verhältnisses, (Mn/S)c, besteht zunehmende Neigung zu Heißrissen sowohl während des Gießens als auch bei der Warmumformung. Dieser kritische Wert steigt mit abnehmendem Schwefelgehalt an. Basierend auf Literaturdaten und Ergebnissen vom Walzen stranggegossener Knüppel konnte folgender Zusammenhang ermittelt werden: (Mn/S)c = 1,345 · S−0.7934. Diese Gleichung, die aus Experimenten hergeleitet wurde, stimmt gut mit der theoretischen Beziehung überein. Als Maß für die Rißempfindlichkeit wird eine Kennzahl MSC definiert. Hierunter ist der Quotient aus Mn/S und (Mn/S)c eines Stahles zu verstehen. Diese Kennzahl ist nützlich zur Analyse von Versuchsergebnissen aus der Literatur.
Optimized treatment planning for prostate cancer comparing IMPT, VHEET and 15 MV IMXT (2002)

The merits of intensity-modulated very-high energy electron therapy (VHEET) and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) in relation to intensity-modulated x-ray therapy (IMXT) with respect to the treatment of the prostate have been quantified. Optimized dose distributions were designed for 5-11 beams of 250 MeV VHEET and 15 MV IMXT as well as 1-9 beam ports of IMPT. In the case of the comparison between 250 MeV VHEET and 15 MV IMXT, it was found that the quality of target coverage achievable with VHEET was comparable to or sometimes better than that provided by IMXT. However, VHEET provided an improvement over IMXT in the dose sparing of the sensitive structures and normal tissues. Compared to IMXT, VHEET decreased the mean rectal dose and bladder dose by up to 10% of the prescribed target dose, while reducing by up to 12% of the prescribed target dose the integral dose to normal tissues. In quantifying the merits of IMPT relative to IMXT, it was found that using intensity-modulated proton beams for inverse planning instead of intensity-modulated photon beams improved target dose homogeneity by up to 1.3% of the prescribed target dose, while reducing the mean rectal dose, bladder dose, and normal tissue integral dose by up to 27%, 30% and 28% of the prescribed target dose respectively. The comparison of optimized planning for IMPT and VHEET showed that the quality of target coverage achievable with IMPT is comparable to or better (by up to 1.3% of the prescribed target dose) than that provided by VHEET. Compared to VHEET, IMPT delivered a mean rectal dose and a bladder dose that was lower by up to 17% and 23% of prescribed target dose respectively, and also reduced the integral dose to normal tissues by up to 17% of the prescribed target dose. These results indicate that of the three modalities the greatest dose escalation will be possible with IMPT, then VHEET, and then IMXT. It follows that IMPT will result in the highest probability of complication-free tumour control, while IMXT will provide the lowest probability.
Approaches and Trends in Automatic Speed Controls (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews automatic speed control progress covering the earlier buzzers and throttle holders and explores the operation and function of the true speed control which automatically operates the throttle to maintain a preset car speed under varying conditions of wind, grade, and load.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The basic anatomy of the automatic speed control, which consists of the manual control system, the car speed sensor, the “brain,” the power unit, and the disengagers is described. Automatic relatch and resume-speed features are also treated, as are accuracy, safety, and fuel economy aspects of these devices. Discussion of recent trends in low cost vacuum controls with simplfied button operation completes the paper.</div>
Effect of Processing Conditions on Quality of Parboiled Rice (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Processing Conditions on Quality of Parboiled RiceK. R. Bhattacharya and P. V. Subba RoaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1966, 14, 5, 476–479Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60147a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60147a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Hepatitis B virus infections using a dual-label time-resolved fluorometric assay (2010)

A highly specific and novel dual-label time-resolved immunofluorometric assay was developed exploiting the unique emission wavelengths of the intrinsically fluorescent terbium (Tb3+) and europium (Eu3+) tracers for the simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, respectively. HIV-1 infection was detected using a double antigen sandwich format wherein anti-HIV-1 antibodies were captured using an in vivo biotinylated version of a chimeric HIV-1 antigen and revealed using the same antigen labeled with Tb3+ chelate. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which served as the marker of HBV infection, was detected in a double antibody sandwich using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one chemically biotinylated to capture, and the other labeled with Eu3+ nanoparticles, to reveal. The performance of the assay was evaluated using a collection (n = 60) of in-house and commercially available human sera panels. This evaluation showed the dual-label assay to possess high degrees of specificity and sensitivity, comparable to those of commercially available, single analyte-specific kits for the detection of HBsAg antigen and anti-HIV antibodies. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing a potentially time- and resource-saving multiplex assay for screening serum samples for multiple infections in a blood bank setting.
Beyond von‐Neumann Computing with Nanoscale Phase‐Change Memory Devices (2012)

Abstract Historically, the application of phase‐change materials and devices has been limited to the provision of non‐volatile memories. Recently, however, the potential has been demonstrated for using phase‐change devices as the basis for new forms of brain‐like computing, by exploiting their multilevel resistance capability to provide electronic mimics of biological synapses. Here, a different and previously under‐explored property that is also intrinsic to phase‐change materials and devices, namely accumulation, is exploited to demonstrate that nanometer‐scale electronic phase‐change devices can also provide a powerful form of arithmetic computing. Complicated arithmetic operations are carried out, including parallel factorization and fractional division, using simple nanoscale phase‐change cells that process and store data simultaneously and at the same physical location, promising a most efficient and effective means for implementing beyond von‐Neumann computing. This same accumulation property can be used to provide a particularly simple form phase‐change integrate‐and‐fire “neuron”, which, by combining both phase‐change synapse and neuron electronic mimics, potentially opens up a route to the realization of all‐phase‐change neuromorphic processing.
Nanostructured Thin Films Made by Dewetting Method of Layer-By-Layer Assembly (2007)

Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly is one of the most ubiquitous coating techniques today. It also offers a pathway for multifunctional/multicomponent materials with molecular-scale control of stratified structures. However, technological applications of LBL are impeded by laborious and fluid-demanding nature of the process. While vertical organization of LBL films is natural for this technique, the control of lateral organization of the films is fairly difficult. Using the deposition of carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and other nanoscale colloids, we introduce here a new approach to LBL based on dewetting phenomena, d-LBL. Its strengths include: (1) elimination of rinsing steps, (2) significant acceleration of the process, (3) improvement of lateral organization of LBL films, and (4) ability to produce nanostructured coatings from colloids when classical LBL fails. The generality of d-LBL can compete with traditional LBL and is demonstrated for cellulose nanowires, polyelectrolyte pairs, and semiconductor nanoparticles, metal oxides, and Au nanorods.
Purification-Free Method for Preparing Technetium-99m-Labeled Multivalent Probes for Enhanced in Vivo Imaging of Saturable Systems (2016)

Metallic radionuclides provide target-specific radiolabeled probes for molecular imaging in radiochemical yields sufficient for administration to subjects without purification. However, unlabeled ligands in the injectate can compete for targeted molecules with radiolabeled probes, which eventually necessitates postlabeling purification. Herein we describe a "1 to 3" design to circumvent the issue by taking advantage of inherent coordination properties of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc). A monovalent RGD ligand possessing an isonitrile as a coordinating moiety (CN-RGD) was reacted with [(99m)Tc(CO)3(OH2)3](+) to prepare [(99m)Tc(CO)3(CN-RGD)3](+) in over 95% radiochemical yields. This complex exhibited higher integrin αvβ3 binding affinity than its unlabeled monovalent ligand, primarily due to its multivalency. This compound visualized a murine tumor without removing unlabeled ligands, while a (99m)Tc-labeled monovalent probe derived from a monovalent ligand could not. The metal coordination-mediated synthesis of radiolabeled multivalent probes thereby can be a useful approach for preparing ready-to-use target-specific probes labeled with (99m)Tc and other metallic radionuclides of interest.
Isolation and Culture of Sensory Neurons From the Dorsal-Root Ganglia of Embryonic or Adult Rats (2004)

There is increasing use of isolated sensory neuronal preparations to examine the cellular mechanisms involved in pain signaling. Indeed, these in viro preparations have several advantages that make them beneficial for examining physiological and/or pathological processes affecting neuronal function. With isolated cells it can be determined whether various inflammatory mediators and algogenic agents have direct actions on sensory neurons. Additionally, the intracellular signaling pathways for agents that modulate the excitability and sensitization of sensory neurons can be examined. Finally, the concentrations of mediators and drugs that are used to alter cell function can be well controlled. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with detailed methods for the harvest and growth of embryonic and adult rat sensory neurons (dorsal root ganglia neurons) in culture. Because numerous methods for growing sensory neurons exist, the rationale for certain aspects of the protocols described in the chapter are included, as are discussions of potential pitfalls.
Adsorption and release of BMP‐2 on nanocrystalline apatite‐coated and uncoated hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate porous ceramics (2009)

The association of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) with calcium phosphate bioceramics is known to confer them osteoinductive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties, especially regarding recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) adsorption and release, of commercial sintered biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics after coating with biomimetic nanocrystalline apatite. The raw and coated ceramics exhibited similar macroporous structures but different nanometer-sized pores contents. Both types of ceramics showed Langmuir-type adsorption isotherms of rhBMP-2. The coating noticeably increased the rate of adsorption and the total amount of growth factor taken up, but the maximum coverage per surface area unit as well as the affinity constant appeared lower for coated ceramics compared with raw ceramic surfaces. The limited advantage gained by coating the ceramics can be assigned to a lower accessibility of the surface adsorption sites compared with the raw ceramics. The quantity of rhBMP-2 spontaneously released in cell culture medium during the first weeks was lower for coated samples than for uncoated ceramics and represented a minor fraction of the total adsorbed amount. In conclusion, the nanocrystalline apatite coating was found to favor the adsorption of rhBMP-2 while providing a mean to fine tune the release of the growth factor.
Epitope Length, Genospecies Dependency, and Serum Panel Effect in the IR6 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies to<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2007)

In the absence of erythema migrans, the basis for diagnosis of Lyme disease is the demonstration of an antibody response against Borrelia burgdorferi in an appropriate clinical setting. The C6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on the IR6 region of VlsE, has become widely used in both the United States and Europe. We mapped the antigenic epitopes of IR6 to a shorter sequence that is equivalent in sensitivity and specificity to the full-length IR6 25-residue peptide. In addition, we observed significant differences in sensitivity between serum panels (60 to 100%), indicating that the selection of the serum panels can shape the apparent overall sensitivity of the assay. Contrary to prior reports, the assay sensitivity is greater when the IR6 peptide is derived from the sequence of the same infecting Borrelia genospecies. Using our North American panels and the two panels obtained from European Lyme disease patients, we determined that the IR6 assay that is based on a single genospecies of Borrelia spp. is not optimal for use as a universal diagnostic assay for Lyme disease.
In Situ Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2017)

Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials, but are inherently weak; to overcome this challenge, we report an in situ manufacturing technique to fabricate mechanically robust, fiber-reinforced poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogels. Here, a covalent PEO cross-linking scheme was implemented to derive poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fiber reinforced PEO hydrogels from multilayer coextruded PEO/PCL matrix/fiber composites. By varying PCL fiber loading between ∼0.1 vol % and ∼7.8 vol %, hydrogel stiffness was tailored from 0.69 ± 0.04 MPa to 1.94 ± 0.21 MPa. The influence of PCL chain orientation and enhanced mechanics via uniaxial drawing of PCL/PEO composites revealed a further 225% increase in hydrogel stiffness. To further highlight the robust nature of this manufacturing process, we also derived rigid poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) fiber-reinforced PEO hydrogels with a stiffness of 8.71 ± 0.21 MPa. Fibroblast cells were injected into the hydrogel volume, which displayed excellent ingrowth, adhesion, and proliferation throughout the fiber reinforced hydrogels. Finally, the range of mechanical properties obtained with fiber-reinforced hydrogels directed differentiation pathways of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts. This innovative manufacturing approach to achieve randomly aligned, well-distributed, micrometer-scale fibers within a hydrogel matrix with tunable mechanical properties represents a significant avenue of pursuit not only for load-bearing hydrogel applications, but also targeted cellular differentiation.
Microwave devices and circuits (1980)

Microwave devices and circuits , Microwave devices and circuits , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Potential for range expansion of mountain pine beetle into the boreal forest of North America (2010)

Abstract The potential for mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), to expand its historical range in North America from west of the continental divide into the eastern boreal forest was assessed on the basis of analyses of the effects of climate and weather on brood development and survival, and key aspects of the interaction of mountain pine beetle with its hosts and associated organisms. Variation in climate suitability and high host susceptibility in the boreal forest create a finite risk of establishment and local persistence of low-level mountain pine beetle populations outside their historical range. Eventually, these populations could become widespread and cause epidemic infestations, creating an ecological pathway eastward through the boreal forest. Such infestations would reduce the commercial value of forests and impose an additional disturbance on native ecological systems.
Growth of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> on Cassava Starch hydrolysate for Polyhydroxybutyrate production (2011)

The potential of local strains of microorganism (Pseudomonas fluorescens) in polyhydroxbutyrate production was investigated in this study. This was with a view to establishing the capabilities of local strains of microorganisms on utilizing renewable and locally available substrates in polyhydroxybutyrate production. This involved hydrolysis of starch extracted from freshly harvested cassava tubers using enzyme-enzyme method of hydrolysis, followed by aerobic fermentation of Pseudomonas fluorescens on a mixture of the hydrolysate and nutrient media in a fermentor in batch cultures. The reducing sugar hydrolysate served as the carbon source and diammonium sulphate as the limiting nutrient. The reaction temperature, pH and agitation rate in the fermentor were maintained at 30°C, 7.5 and 400 rpm respectively. The biomass growth was measured by cell dry weight and the polyhydroxybutyrate content measured by gas chromatography. When the fermentation process was shut down after 84 hour, the substrate consumption by the organism was 9.2 g/L to give a dry cell weight of 1.75 g/L resulting in a biomass yield on substrate (Yx/s) of 0.1902 g/g (19.02 % wt/wt). The gas chromatographic analysis gave a final polyhydroxybutyrate value of 1.254 g/L with corresponding product yield on biomass (Yp/x) of 0.7166 g g-1 [71.66% wt/wt] and product yield on substrate (Yp/s) of 0.1363 g g-1 [13.63% wt/wt]. The results show that the organism accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate in excess of 50 % of the cell dry weight by giving a final polyhydroxybutyrate yield on biomass (Yp/x) of 0.7166 g g-1 [71.66% wt/wt] which agrees with the general trend in polyhydroxybutyrate production. @ JASEMJ. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. December, 2010, Vol. 14 (4) 61 - 66
A modular, layered client-server control architecture for autonomous mobile robots (2002)

The task of implementing intelligent control in autonomous mobile robots is a tough one. Often, one wants to reuse parts of other implementations but these are usually too hardware-specific to be transferred to a different platform. By applying well-known software engineering principles, the authors arrive at a modular, layered client server based architecture for controlling autonomous mobile robots. In this paper, they present the most important concepts underlying their development. Special care is taken of the integration of a wireless communication link relying on DECT, the Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication system. Their approach gives better reusability, portability, testability and maintainability through data abstraction. It was successfully applied in their experimental platform ARS.