gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physicomechanical and hydrophobic properties of starch foams extruded with different biodegradable polymers (2006)

Abstract Blends of hydroxypropylated high amylose starch and various functional aids listed below were extruded into foams using a twin‐screw extruder ZSK ‐ 30. In this study, the hydrophobic character and mechanical properties of starch foams were improved by using other biodegradable polymers, such as poly‐caprolactone (PCL), poly (butylene adipate‐ co ‐terephthalate) (PBAT), cellulose acetate (CA), methylated pectin (MP), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and crosslinkers like glyoxal. The hydrophobic character was improved in terms of a reduction in steady state weight gain, and an increase in dimensional stability (reduction in loss of radial and longitudinal dimensions) on moisture sorption. At the same time, efforts were made to maximize the expansion ratios by reduction of unit densities. Formulations of these foams (in terms of additive content and other processing parameters) were optimized. Particular formulations with PVA, polyesters like PCL and PBAT, and glyoxal with PVA gave foams with unit densities lower than 25 kg/m 3 . The dimensional stability increased with an increase in the polyester content, but the density increased beyond an optimum polyester content, too. The loss in radial and longitudinal dimensions under steady state conditions was 12–20% with polyesters as compared to about 50–55% for control starch. Addition of these processing aids did decrease the water sensitivity of the starch foams. Foams with CA and methylated pectin, in the presence/absence of glyoxal, had marginally lower unit densities and slightly higher expansion ratios, as compared to those of control starch. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 58–68, 2006
Fast remote isosurface visualization with chessboarding (2004)

Isosurface rendering is a technique for viewing and understanding many large data sets from both science and engineering. With the advent of multi-gigabit-per-second network backbones such as Internet2 and fast local networking technology, scientists are looking at new ways to share and explore large data sets remotely. Telemedicine, which encompasses both videoconferencing and remote visualization is likely to be in widespread use with these advances. Despite the availability of increased bandwidth, two challenges remain. First, the time it takes to locate cells intersecting an isosurface of interest must be reduced for large data sets; a cell extraction technique that scales with data size is also critical. The second challenge has to do with the mitigating the effects of network latency on the overall isosurface visualization time. We present a remote isosurface visualization technique that addresses these two challenges. Isosurface extraction delays are reduced through the use of a search-optimized, chessboarded interval tree data structure on the disk. Network transport delays are reduced by sending cells extracted from the chessboarded data on the server, compressing it by about 87%. In addition, network transport delays are hidden effectively by overlapping data transport with server side functions. On a 100 Mbits/sec. switched LAN, the remote visualization time - the time between the issue of a query from the client side to the server and the displaying of a complete image on the client is only a few seconds for most isovalues in the well-known visible woman data set.
Magnetic fields of finite track width heads (1977)

Closed form field solutions are given for finite gap, infinite length heads of either semi-infinite or zero track width. A three dimensional head of finite track width is approximated by superposition. By viewing the finite width head at a different angle, the results also apply to a semi-infinite width head with finite gap depth. At distances greater than one-half gap length removed, the maximum field error of the superposition does not exceed 8% and decreases with increasing head width.
Early detection of neoplasia of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. (1996)

Recommendations for preventing adenocarcinoma: The standard definition of Barrett's epithelium should be the presence of intestinalized mucosa in the lower esophagus. Patients in this category should be considered for inclusion in a screening program for the detection of dysplasia or carcinoma. Those who are a poor operative risk should not be screened if the detection of an end-point such as high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma will still not lead to resection. In some centers, however, alternative experimental methods of mucosal ablation may be available. The endpoint for screening is invasive or intramucosal carcinoma (or--in centers with a very low operative mortality--high-grade dysplasia). These should lead to consideration of surgery or, in specialized centers and as part of controlled studies, newer alternative modes of epithelial ablation. Intermediate markers, e.g., use of aneuploidy, gene markers, or their products, are at present experimental. Screening should be carried out annually or, possibly, biennially. This screening should utilize a standard protocol with an endoscope capable of obtaining large-particle biopsies. Four quadrant biopsies should be taken about every 2 cm, beginning 2 cm above the proximal limit of the gastric rugae, continuing until unequivocally in squamous mucosa, and following any tongues of glandular epithelium. Recommendations for prevention of squamous carcinoma: In high-risk populations, esophageal cytology, possibly supplemented by tests for blood in the stomach, appear most useful. Repeated screening may be necessary to detect early invasive or preinvasive (dysplastic) tumors. Although preliminary results from dietary intervention studies have yet to show a statistically significant decrease, if trends continue these will reach significance and may be the best overall method of cancer prevention. Measures to reduce smoking and drinking are to be encouraged, but their effectiveness is questionable. For patients who are positive on screening, endoscopy (possibly with Lugol's iodine) may provide the best indication of harboring underlying carcinoma or dysplasia. Endoscopic resection will play an increasing role in treatment. With the exception of tylosis, most other predisposing conditions are unlikely to be cost effective.
Practical Run-time Adaptation with Procedure Cloning to Enable Continuous Collective Compilation (2008)

Iterative feedback-directed optimization is now a popular technique to obtain better performance and code size improvements for statically compiled programs over the default settings in a compiler. The offline evaluation of multiple optimization strategies for a given program is a potentially costly operation. The number of iterations typically grows with the complexity of the program transformation search space, and with the number of input datasets used for performance assessment. In addition, as the behavior of a program can vary considerably across different datasets, it is often preferable to generate different optimization versions, covering the full spectrum of the program’s representative datasets. Continuous and collective optimization are targeted at these issues. Continuous optimization searches for the best program transformation at run-time, taking advantages of the phase behavior of programs to evaluate multiple optimization versions within a single run, and dynamically adapting to changing execution contexts. Collective optimization interleaves optimization iterations with program executions
On the design of FIR digital data transmission filters with arbitrary magnitude specifications (1991)

A simple algorithm is presented for the design of FIR data transmission filters with arbitrary magnitude specifications. The technique involves the iterative solution of a set of linear equations as opposed to the more common approach of applying linear programming to the data transmission filter design problem. The design algorithm can accommodate conventional Nyquist filters or Nyquist filters with a non-negative frequency response that can be subsequently split into matched filter pairs using spectral factorization techniques. The filters can have equiripple stopbands or can be specified to satisfy arbitrary magnitude specifications, which is a common requirement in data transmission applications. Design examples are presented for filters satisfying FCC mask specifications for digital microwave radio channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effects of roasting temperature applied to whole soybeans on site of digestion by steers: II. Protein and amino acid digestion (1995)

A 4 x 5 Youden square design was used to determine the effect of roasting temperature of whole soybeans on escape of CP from the rumen and disappearance of N from the small intestine in steers. Four steers (average BW 373 kg +/- 30.7) cannulated at the rumen, duodenum, and ileum were fed each of five diets (1.8% of BW) over five periods. The basal diet contained corn silage (50% of diet DM), alfalfa hay (24%), corn-urea premix (6%), corn starch grits (16.6%), and soybean oil (3.4%). Soybeans (16% of diet DM), either raw or heated to an exit temperature of 141, 149, or 157 degrees C in a commercial roaster, replaced the soybean oil and most of the corn starch grits in the soybean-containing diets. Ruminal ammonia N was lower (P < .05) for the basal diet than for the soybean-containing diets. Roasting temperature of whole soybeans had no significant impact on ruminal ammonia N. Total N reaching the duodenum was greater (P < .05) for steers fed the soybean diets than for steers fed the basal diet. Non-bacterial N (dietary N) at the duodenum was increased (P < .05) by feeding soybeans. Soybean N reaching the duodenum decreased with increased roasting temperature. Increased roasting temperature of whole soybeans seemed to make the soybeans more brittle, subsequently increasing degradation of CP in the rumen. However, disappearance of soybean N in the small intestine, as a proportion of the soybean N entering the small intestine, increased with increased roasting temperature. Apparent total tract N digestibility was increased (P < .05) by feeding soybeans. Flow to the duodenum and small intestinal digestibility of total, essential, and nonessential amino acids increased (P < .05) when soybeans were fed and when roasted vs raw soybeans were fed. Under normal roasting conditions, it seemed that little potential for heat damage to the soybean protein existed. Instead, undesirable effects of heating on handling characteristics of the soybeans were reached before the point at which loss of nutritive value occurred. Feeding steers diets containing roasted whole soybeans increased the N and amino acids available to steers over steers fed diets containing raw soybeans due to increased ruminal soybean nitrogen escape and increased small intestinal digestibility.
Biologically active conformers of phenothiazines and thioxanthenes. Further evidence for a ligand model of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists (1993)

Conformational analyses have been performed on several phenothiazine and thioxanthene dopamine antagonists using the MM2-87 program and parameter set. The compounds that were examined are thioridazine (2), methotrimeprazine (3), cis- and trans-chlorprothixene, and a piperidylidene derivative of chlorprothixene. In addition, (+)-2 and (-)-3 were determined by X-ray crystallography to have the R absolute configuration. The above compounds were superimposed onto loxapine, which was used as a template for the previously proposed dopamine D2 receptor ligand model. The conformational properties and receptor affinities of these compounds were found to be entirely consistent with the ligand model. For example, a conformer of (+)-R-2 that is consistent with the ligand model is lower in energy than a consistent conformer for (-)-S-2, which agrees with the higher D2 receptor affinity of the former. Similarly, in agreement with the much higher affinity of (-)-R-3 relative to (+)-S-3, only the former contains a low energy conformer consistent with the ligand model. The ligand model is also consistent with the greater potency of cis-thioxanthenes over the trans isomers. These results emphasize the importance of the correct orientation of the ammonium hydrogen for high affinity at the D2 receptor. The pharmacophore for D2 receptor ligands is compared with a recently proposed pharmacophore for D1 ligands.
Flow cytometric study of in vitro neutrophil activation by biomaterials (1999)

Neutrophil activation for adherent and nonadherent cells, as measured by flow cytometry, was not strongly dependent on material surface chemistry. We had hypothesized that material-induced neutrophil activation was an important parameter associated with material failure. All materials tested [cellophane, an acrylonitrile copolymer (AN69), Pellethane™, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, low density polyethylene, and polydimethylsiloxane] activated isolated human neutrophils, which were resuspended in plasma or serum, to similar extents based on L-selectin shedding, CD11b upregulation, and stimulation of the oxidative burst after 30-min exposure. Inhibition of complement activation by sCR1 unexpectedly had little effect if any on nonadherent neutrophils. However, neutrophil adhesion, but not the level of activation of the adherent cells, was strongly dependent on complement activation. Pretreatment with albumin did not inhibit adhesion or reduce neutrophil activation, but plasma pretreatment resulted in increased activation for nonadherent and adherent cells. More adhesion and a higher level of activation of adherent cells was observed following pretreatment with fibrinogen, a ligand of CD11b. Taken together these results suggest that upon contact with a material, neutrophil activation may occur though mechanisms that are not mediated by complement. For example, the presence of plasma proteins such as fibrinogen at the interface may trigger activation and the release of other activating agents. Although the material differences are small, the extent of activation may be significant and warrant further study of the mechanism and consequences of that activation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 44, 289–297, 1999.
Bilateral cortical representation of the trunk midline in human first somatic sensory area (2005)

The cortical representation of the trunk zone in the human first somatosensory area was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to establish whether the cutaneous regions close to the midline are represented in this area of both hemispheres. Cortical activation foci evoked by unilateral tactile stimulation of ventral trunk regions were detected in the postcentral gyrus of the contralateral hemisphere slightly medial to or just behind the omega-shaped region of the central sulcus and in the anterior bank of the postcentral sulcus. These regions probably correspond to the trunk ventral midline representation zones of areas 3a-3b and 1-2, respectively. Stimulation of cutaneous regions adjacent to the midline evoked activation foci also in the ipsilateral postcentral gyrus in regions symmetrical to those activated in the contralateral hemisphere. These data demonstrate that in humans, as in nonhuman primates, the cutaneous regions adjacent to the trunk midline are represented bilaterally in the first somatic sensory cortex. Whether the ipsilateral activation depends on callosal or extracallosal inputs remains to be elucidated.
Regulation of Mammalian Deoxyribonucleotide Biosynthesis by Nucleotides as Activators and Inhibitors (1966)

The effects of several nucleoside triphosphates as activators and inhibitors of the enzymic reduction of ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxynucleotides was studied. The enzyme was a partially purified preparation of the ribonucleotide reductase system from the Novikoff ascites rat tumor, with dithioerythritol used as a model reducing agent. The reduction of cytidine diphosphate and uridine diphosphate to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides required activation of the enzyme by adenosine triphosphate; reduction of guanosine diphosphate required activation by low concentrations of deoxythymidine triphosphate with ATP giving further stimulation; and reduction of ADP required activation by low concentrations of dGTP or dTTP. Reduction of CDP and UDP was inhibited by dTTP, dUTP, dGTP, and dATP; reduction of GDP was inhibited by dGTP and dATP; and reduction of ADP was inhibited by dATP. Only slight inhibition by dCTP was seen. The results are interpreted in terms of metabolic control of the biosynthesis of deoxynucleotides by these nucleoside triphosphates serving as regulatory effectors.
Learning a classification model for segmentation (2003)

We propose a two-class classification model for grouping. Human segmented natural images are used as positive examples. Negative examples of grouping are constructed by randomly matching human segmentations and images. In a preprocessing stage an image is over-segmented into super-pixels. We define a variety of features derived from the classical Gestalt cues, including contour, texture, brightness and good continuation. Information-theoretic analysis is applied to evaluate the power of these grouping cues. We train a linear classifier to combine these features. To demonstrate the power of the classification model, a simple algorithm is used to randomly search for good segmentations. Results are shown on a wide range of images.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human β-Interferon Produced by Adoptive Transfer in Irradiated Mice (1986)

Three murine anti-human beta-interferon (IFN-beta) monoclonal antibodies have been isolated following adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. Adoptive transfer was used to increase the specific efficiency of the fusion. These antibodies have been used to define two epitopes on IFN-beta; the antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects of IFN-beta are associated with one of these epitopes.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of 1-propanethiol in silver sol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of 1-propanethiol in silver solTai Ha Joo, Kwan Kim, and Myung Soo KimCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 22, 5816–5819Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100280a069https://doi.org/10.1021/j100280a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views657Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Adult forms of the Ca2+ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Expression in developing skeletal muscle. (1987)

Two separate genes encode fast-twitch and slow-twitch/cardiac muscle forms of the Ca2+ ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Full length Ca2+ ATPase clones have been isolated from adult rabbit fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and cardiac muscles. Segments of these clones containing unique sequences have been used as probes to study developmental changes in Ca2+ ATPase transcripts. The fast-twitch Ca2+ ATPase transcript undergoes developmentally regulated alternative splicing in which a penultimate 42-base pair exon is retained in the adult transcript but is excised in the neonatal transcript. This additional exon shifts the exon encoding the neonatal carboxyl-terminal sequence, -Asp-Pro-Glu-Asp-Glu-Arg-Arg-Lys (Brandl, C. J., Green, N. M., Korczak, B., and MacLennan, D. H. (1986) Cell 44, 597-607) into a nontranslated region and results in the expression of an adult isoform with a carboxyl-terminal -Gly. The neonatal form of the fast-twitch Ca2+ ATPase represents 72% of the fast-twitch Ca2+ ATPase transcripts just prior to birth but only 17% by 14 days of age and 4% in adult fast-twitch muscle. Adult slow-twitch, adult cardiac, and neonatal skeletal muscles express an identical Ca2+ATPase mRNA transcript which is distinct from either of the fast-twitch forms. The slow-twitch/cardiac Ca2+ ATPase is the predominant form expressed in late fetal and early neonatal rabbit skeletal muscle, but this form is lost as the skeletal muscle differentiates into a fast-twitch state. Three or more alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this mRNA in all tissues with the most 3' signal predominating.
Origin of Lipid A Species Modified with 4-Amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose in Polymyxin-resistant Mutants of Escherichia coli (2003)

In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, addition of the 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) moiety to the phosphate group(s) of lipid A is required for resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides. We have proposed previously (Breazeale, S. D., Ribeiro, A. A., and Raetz, C. R. H. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 2886-2896) a pathway for l-Ara4N biosynthesis that begins with the ArnA-catalyzed C-4" oxidation and C-6" decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid, followed by the C-4" transamination of the product to generate the novel sugar nucleotide UDP-l-Ara4N. We now show that ArnB (PmrH) encodes the relevant aminotransferase. ArnB was overexpressed using a T7lac promoter-driven construct and shown to catalyze the reversible transfer of the amino group from glutamate to the acceptor, uridine 5'-(beta-l-threo-pentapyranosyl-4"-ulose diphosphate), the intermediate that is synthesized by ArnA from UDP-glucuronic acid. A 1.7-mg sample of the putative UDP-l-Ara4N product generated in vitro was purified by ion exchange chromatography, and its structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. ArnB, which is a cytoplasmic protein, was purified to homogeneity from an overproducing strain of E. coli and shown to contain a pyridoxal phosphate cofactor, as judged by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. The pyridoxal phosphate was converted to the pyridoxamine form in the presence of excess glutamate. A simple quantitative radiochemical assay was developed for ArnB, which can be used to assay the enzyme either in the forward or the reverse direction. The enzyme is highly selective for glutamate as the amine donor, but the equilibrium constant in the direction of UDP-l-Ara4N formation is unfavorable (approximately 0.1). ArnB is a member of a very large family of aminotransferases, but closely related ArnB orthologs are present only in those bacteria capable of synthesizing lipid A species modified with the l-Ara4N moiety.
The conserved exon method for gene finding. (2000)

A new approach to gene finding is introduced called the "Conserved Exon Method" (CEM). It is based on the idea of looking for conserved protein sequences by comparing pairs of DNA sequences, identifying putative exon pairs based on conserved regions and splice junction signals then chaining pairs of putative exons together. It simultaneously predicts gene structures in both human and mouse genomic sequences (or in other pairs of sequences at the appropriate evolutionary distance). Experimental results indicate the potential usefulness of this approach.