gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medieval Wax Seals: Composition and Deterioration Phenomena of White Seals (2003)

The main subject of this article is the study of the composition, the morphology and the degradation phenomena in mediaeval seals. Fifteen white seals (sigilli bianchi, kranke Siegel, weisse Siegel, Blatterteig-Siegel, sceaux malades) of Swiss and Austrian origin and dating from the 13th to the 14th century were visually examined and analysed with TLC, FT-IR, MALDI-MS, XRF and PLM. Typical degradation phenomena of white seals are loss of plasticity, fragmentation and stratification. Analysis shows that beeswax it the only constituent present in white seals. No additives or degradation products were found. The result of PLM is particularly interesting: examination of microtomed sections shows that the seals have layers with differing crystalline structures. Research using artificially aged models has been carried out to gain more insight into this problem.
Laser Raman spectroscopic studies of ocular lens and its isolated protein fractions. (1975)

The water-soluble proteins of the bovine lens were separated on a column of Sephadex G-200 into five fractions designated as alpha-, beta1-, beta2-, and gamma-crystallin. Laser Raman scattering studies on these isolated proteins (both in the lyophilized state and in solution) and insoluble albuminoid reveal that they contain predominantly antiparallel pleated sheet structure in the main chains and that sulfhydryl groups are highly localized in gamma-crystallin. This light-scattering technique was also applied to probe the homogeneity of protein structure in the intact lens. The analysis of the scattered light selectively collected from various parts of the lens indicated that these proteins also exist in an antiparallel beta structure throughout the entire lens. However, the central (nucleus) and outer (cortex) portions have somewhat different amino acid composition. Based on the relative intensities of the lines at 624 (phenylalanine) and 644 cm-1 (tyrosine), it is concluded that the nuclear part has the highest concentration of gamma-crystallin and that the content of alpha-crystallin increases significantly from the nucleus to the cortex. By examining the Raman spectra in the 2582 cm-1 and the amide I and III regions, we have demonstrated that the sulfhydryl groups and the beta conformation of the lens proteins are unaffected in the conversion of transparent to totally opaque lens by heat denaturation at 100 degrees. This means that the opacification of a lens does not necessarily involve the oxidation of sulfhydrul groups or conformation changes.
Observações sobre o Projeto Floram (1990)

Por ser de abrangencia mundial, necessitando, portanto, de extensas areas de muitos paises para reflorestar, o Projeto FLORAM nao deve excluir as regioes secas (aridas e semi-aridas), em virtude, principalmente, da grande expressao geografica destas terras. Um terco da superficie terrestre e de terras secas. Metade dos paises do mundo possui parte ou a totalidade de seus territorios constituidos por terras aridas ou semi-aridas. Somente os tropicos semi-aridos do planeta abrangem uma area de, aproximadamente, 20 milhoes de km, espalhados em meia centena de paises de todos os continentes e representam mais da metade das terras agricultaveis do mundo.
PalmCIS: A Wireless Handheld Application for Satisfying Clinician Information Needs (2003)

Wireless handheld technology provides new ways to deliver and present information. As with any technology, its unique features must be taken into consideration and its applications designed accordingly. In the clinical setting, availability of needed information can be crucial during the decision-making process. Preliminary studies performed at New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYPH) determined that there are inadequate access to information and ineffective communication among clinicians (potential proximal causes of medical errors). In response to these findings, the authors have been developing extensions to their Web-based clinical information system including PalmCIS, an application that provides access to needed patient information via a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA). The focus was on achieving end-to-end security and developing a highly usable system. This report discusses the motivation behind PalmCIS, design and development of the system, and future directions.
Multispectral tissue characterization with time-resolved detection of diffusely scattered white light (1993)

A novel technique for the noninvasive measurement of tissue optical properties simultaneously at all visible and near-infrared wavelengths is presented. The technique is based on the time-resolved detection of multicolor diffusely scattered light. Short pulses of white light are produced by using self-phase modulation by focusing the light from a short-pulsed high-power laser into a cuvette filled with water. After spectral dispersion in a polychromator and temporal dispersion in a streak tube, a two-dimensional CCD camera was used as a detector, with one dimension used for time resolution and the other one for wavelength separation.
Quantitative analysis of a nuclear antigen in interphase and mitotic cells (1987)

The quantification of an interchromatin-associated antigen, designated p 105, during cellular passage through mitosis is described. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated a qualitative increase in p 105 within the mitotic cytoplasm. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis was performed on fixed cells sequentially stained with anti-p 105 immunofluorescence and/or propidium iodide. This analysis demonstrated approximately a tenfold increase in intracellular p 105 content as a function of progression from the G2 to the M phase. This increase was corroborated by the quantitative immunoblot analysis of colchicine-treated cell cultures and of cells sorted on the basis of anti-p 105 immunofluorescence. The data reveal that the increased levels of anti-p 105 immunofluorescence in conjunction with flow cytometry may be used effectively to quantitate mitotic index and isolate mitotic cells. The function and modulation of p 105 throughout the cell cycle is discussed.
A case of bilateral ovarian synchronous tumors (left ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma and right ovarian malignant mixed Müllerian tumor). (2011)

Synchronous bilateral ovarian cancer is extremely rare and there is no established guideline for management. A case of a 58-year-old multiparous woman with bilateral ovarian synchronous malignant tumors is presented. The clinical consideration and treatment of related cases are discussed.
Genotyping of<i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i>in Human Samples (2006)

Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) psittaci genotypes A, B, C, and a new genotype most similar to the 6BC type strain were found in 10 humans with psittacosis by outer membrane protein A gene sequencing. Genotypes B (n = 3) and C (n = 1) are endemic in nonpsittacine European birds. These birds may represent an important part of the zoonotic reservoir.
Infrared microspectroscopy: Sampling heterogeneity in plant cell wall composition and architecture (1997)

The use of probes such as monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to specific cell wall components, at both the light and electron microscope levels, has demonstrated the diversity in cell wall composition between species, between tissues, between different regions of the cell surface, and even within a single wall. Traditional methods of cell wall analysis have provided valuable information on wall composition and architecture, but, by having to rely on the use of bulk samples, have averaged out this intrinsic heterogeneity. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy addresses this problem by providing chemical information from an area as small as 10×10 μm of a single cell wall fragment or area of a tissue section that has been imaged with a microscope accessory. We have used FTIR microspectroscopy as a powerful and extremely rapid assay for wall components and putative cross‐links in muro. The spectra are sensitive to polymer conformation, and the use of polarisers in the microscope accessory allows the orientation of particular functional groups to be determined, with respect to the long axis of elongating cells. The spectra constitute species and tissue‐specific ‘fingerprints’, and the use of classical discriminant analysis may provide the opportunity for correlating spectral features with chemical, architectural or rheological wall properties. Spectral mapping of an area of a specimen allows the morphological features resulting from cell growth and differentiation to be characterised chemically at the single cell level.
A study on utilizing OCR technology in building text database (1999)

Optical character recognition (OCR) might be the most plausible method in building databases from printed documents. The paper describes the points to be considered when one selects an OCR system in order to build a database. Based on our experiments on four commercial OCR systems, we chose one that shows the highest recognition rate to build an OCR text database. The character recognition rate was 90.5% over 970 abstracts of conference proceedings in Korean. This recognition rate is still insufficient for practical use. For practical use of the OCR texts which has approximately 10% of character-level errors, we need to investigate whether automatic indexing generates acceptable retrieval performance. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate which indexing method results in better performance. Experimental results show that 2-gram indexing provides similar retrieval efficiency to morpheme based indexing for the Korean OCR text database. In addition, the retrieved results of the indexed OCR texts are similar to those selected by experts.
High electrothermal performance of expanded graphite nanoplatelet-based patch heater (2012)

A sub-kilogram scale (∼500 g) of expanded graphite nanoplatelet (EGnP) with multi-layered graphene sheets were successfully fabricated using a simple mild-oxidation of pristine graphite. In particular, a substantial amount of trapped water molecules in EGnP make it a good ionic conductor, while simultaneously allowing it to serve as an electrolyte with ion transport characteristics. Due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, micro-patterned EGnP can be used to produce electro-heating elements for line heaters. We found that the surface resistance of EGnP-based films was two orders of magnitude smaller than that of graphene-based thin films. The EGnP-based line heater demonstrated efficient heat propagation with uniform temperature distribution, resulting in an energy savings of up to ca. 37% in comparison to the graphene-based flexible heater. Especially, the steady-state temperature increased as the applied voltage increased and it reached to 172.3 °C at a driving voltage of 14 V. In addition, the EGnP-based line heaters under a bending radius of 4 cm had a 25 °C higher temperature as compared with heaters under flat conditions. Most of all, screen printing technique provides the facile formation of shape and size, and makes it possible to be used as a cheap and lightweight patch heater for industrial applications.
Efficiency enhancement in a light-emitting diode with a two-dimensional surface grating photonic crystal (2004)

We demonstrate a light-emitting diode exhibiting 1.7–2.7-fold enhancement in light extraction efficiency compared with that for a planer device. It has a two-dimensional surface grating photonic crystal, which diffracts internal light with a large solid angle into the escape light cone. Due to its shallow grating separated from the active layer and micron order lattice constant, the fabrication process is simple, applicable to arbitrary semiconductor devices, and free from process-induced nonradiative recombinations.
Deflectometry using portable devices (2015)

Deflectometry is a powerful metrology technique that uses off-the-shelf equipment to achieve nanometer-level accuracy surface measurements. However, there is no portable device to quickly measure eyeglasses, lenses, or mirrors. We present an entirely portable new deflectometry technique that runs on any Android™ smartphone with a front-facing camera. Our technique overcomes some specific issues of portable devices like screen nonlinearity and automatic gain control. We demonstrate our application by measuring an amateur telescope mirror and simulating a measurement of the faulty Hubble Space Telescope primary mirror. Our technique can, in less than 1 min, measure surface errors with accuracy up to 50 nm RMS, simply using a smartphone.
Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystal with alignment based on electron beam lithography (2004)

We demonstrate the fabrication of a three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystal in the near-infrared using a layer-by-layer approach involving electron beam lithography and spin on glass planarization. The alignment accuracy between the first and the fifth layer is within 10% of the lattice spacing as measured from cross section scanning-electron-microscopy images. Optical reflectivity measurements reveal peaks consistent with the photonic gap frequency. The method offers a way of rapid prototyping full three-dimensional photonic band gap devices with considerable flexibility of materials choice. Moreover, lattice structure that can operate at wavelengths into the visible can be fabricated using this approach.
Flagellar Motility and Structure in the Hyperthermoacidophilic Archaeon <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> (2007)

Flagellation in archaea is widespread and is involved in swimming motility. Here, we demonstrate that the structural flagellin gene from the crenarchaeaon Sulfolobus solfataricus is highly expressed in stationary-phase-grown cells and under unfavorable nutritional conditions. A mutant in a flagellar auxiliary gene, flaJ, was found to be nonmotile. Electron microscopic imaging of the flagellum indicates that the filaments are composed of right-handed helices.
COMPOUNDS FORMED BETWEEN TRIMETHYLTIN HYDROXIDE AND TRIMETHYLTIN HALIDES (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOMPOUNDS FORMED BETWEEN TRIMETHYLTIN HYDROXIDE AND TRIMETHYLTIN HALIDESCharles A. Kraus and T. HaradaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1925, 47, 9, 2416–2419Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01686a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01686a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of phosphorus fertilization and mycorrhizal development on phosphorus nutrition and carbon balance of loblolly pine (1991)

summary The influence of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) development on the physiology of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) seedlings was examined during seedling recovery from phosphorus (P) deficiency and for several weeks after seedlings had become P‐sufficient. Seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch and non‐inoculated seedlings responded similarly to an increase in P fertilization, except that nearly twice as much of the absorbed P in ECM seedlings remained in the fine‐root system compared to the non‐inoculated seedlings. Presumably, most of this P was associated with the ECM fungal hyphae. The presence of mycorrhizas initially caused a 1‐ to 2‐wk delay in the growth response of seedlings to P fertilization, possibly due to a restrictively slow rate of P transfer from the ECM fungus to the root. However, once seedlings had sufficient P for maximum growth, even high levels of mycorrhizal development (greater than 85%) did not reduce the growth rate of ECM seedlings compared to non‐mycorrhizal seedlings grown under the same high‐nutrient conditions. Possible explanations are discussed as to why a growth reduction due to ECM development is found in some studies but not in others.
D-methioninuria due to DL-methionine ingestion. An artefact detected by a mass screening program for errors of amino acid metabolism. (1969)

THE introduction of mass screening programs for the detection of inborn errors of metabolism 1 almost inevitably reveals a variety of new artefacts which those who deal with these diseases must learn to recognize. We describe here one of these artefacts:D-methioninuria due to ingestion ofDl-methionine-fortified infant formula. Report of a Case The patient, the second-born of male dizygotic twins delivered in a hospital in a nearby community at 32 weeks' gestation, weighed 1,814 gm (4 lb) at birth. His brother weighed 1,561 gm (3 lb 7 ounces). The mother, a primipara, was convalescing from viral hepatitis complicated by myocarditis when spontaneous labor began. The infant spent the first three days in an incubator. Very foul stools were noted at 4 days of age, and this was more or less persistent throughout his nursery course. After initial 5% dextrose feedings, the infant was given a cow's milk formula, and
Editorial: Impotence (1996)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Editorial1 Apr 1996Editorial: Impotence John J. Mulcahy John J. MulcahyJohn J. Mulcahy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66242-6AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial: Impotence." The Journal of Urology, 155(4), p. 1280 Department of Urology, Wishard Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana© 1996 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 155Issue 4April 1996Page: 1280 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1996 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information John J. Mulcahy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Overlay metrology solutions in a triple patterning scheme (2015)

Overlay metrology tool suppliers are offering today several options to their customers: Different hardware (Image Based Overlay or Diffraction Based Overlay), different target designs (with or without segmentation) or different target sizes (from 5 um to 30 um). All these variations are proposed to resolve issues like robustness of the target towards process variations, be more representative of the design or increase the density of measurements. In the frame of the development of a triple patterning BEOL scheme of 10 nm node layer, we compare IBO targets (standard AIM, AIMid and multilayer AIMid). The metrology tools used for the study are KLA-Tencor’s nextgeneration Archer 500 system (scatterometry- and imaging-based measurement technologies on the same tool). The overlay response and fingerprint of these targets will be compared using a very dense sampling (up to 51 pts per field). The benefit of indie measurements compared to the traditional scribes is discussed. The contribution of process effects to overlay values are compared to the contribution of the performance of the target. Different targets are combined in one measurement set to benefit from their different strengths (performance vs size). The results are summarized and possible strategies for a triple patterning schemes are proposed.
InGaAsSb thermophotovoltaic diode physics evaluation (1998)

The hotside operating temperatures for many projected thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conversion system applications are approximately 1,000 C, which sets an upper limit on the TPV diode bandgap of 0.6 eV from efficiency and power density considerations. This bandgap requirement has necessitated the development of new diode material systems, never previously considered for energy generation. To date, InGaAsSb quaternary diodes grown lattice-matched on GaSb substrates have achieved the highest performance. This report relates observed diode performance to electro-optic properties such as minority carrier lifetime, diffusion length and mobility and provides initial links to microstructural properties. This analysis has bounded potential diode performance improvements. For the 0.52 eV InGaAsSb diodes used in this analysis the measured dark current is 2 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} A/cm{sup 2}, versus a potential Auger limit 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} A/cm{sup 2}, a radiative limit of 2 {times} 10{sup {minus}6} A/cm{sup 2} (no photon recycling), and an absolute thermodynamic limit of 1.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}7} A/cm{sup 2}. These dark currents are equivalent to open circuit voltage gains of 20 mV (7%), 60 mV (20%) and 140 mV (45%), respectively.
An efficient random access scheme for OFDMA systems with implicit message transmission (2008)

Random access channel (RACH) is usually used for initial channel access, bandwidth request, etc. In this paper, we analyze the throughput and access delay performance of the RACH in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. A closed-form expression of the RACH throughput is presented and its mean access delays under both binary exponential and uniform backoff policies have also been derived. Moreover, to further improve the utilization of RACH in an OFDMA system, we propose a novel message transmission scheme in a shared RACH. The message in the proposed scheme can be sent implicitly in the cyclic-shifted preambles which make the transmission much more reliable in a contention based RACH. Meanwhile, performance of the preamble detection has also been improved by the redundant information conveyed in messages. Finally, simulation results will demonstrate performance gains of the proposed scheme.
Investigating the role of CD38 and functionally related molecular risk factors in the CLL NOD/SCID xenograft model (2011)

We explored the role of CD38 and functionally associated molecular risk factors in a recently described chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) nonobese diabetic/ severe combined immunodeficient xenograft model. Intravenous injection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 patients with CLL into 244 mice resulted in robust engraftment of leukemic cells into the murine spleens detected 4 wks after transplantation. Leukemic cell engraftment correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with markers reflecting disease activity, e.g., Binet stage and lymphocyte doubling time, and the expression of molecular risk factors including CD38, CD49d, ZAP-70, and IgVH mutational status. Increased engraftment levels of CD38+ as compared to CD38- CLL cells could be attributed, in part, to leukemic cell proliferation as evidenced by combined immunostaining of murine spleen sections for Ki-67 and CD20. In short-term (24 h) homing assays, CD38+ CLL cells migrated more efficiently to the bone marrow of the recipient animals than their CD38- counterparts. Finally, CD38 expression by the leukemic cells was found to be dynamic in that it was regulated not only by elements of the murine microenvironment but also by co-engrafting non-malignant human T cells. This model could be useful for evaluating the biological basis of CLL growth in the context of the hematopoietic microenvironment as well as preclinical testing of novel compounds.