gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unit Dose Sampling: A Tale of two Thieves (1996)

As a consequence of the United States vs. Barr Laboratories decision, pharmaceutical companies are now compelled to demonstrate the uniformity of unit dose samples of final powder blends. This investigation was initiated in response to a previously reported failed attempt to validate a process for lower strengths of a currently marketed product. This process has a long history of providing high-quality commercial tablets at the higher strength. The failure occurred because the unit dose samples of the final powder blend were indisputably subpotent. Interestingly, during the validation effort, 799 tablets of various strengths were assayed and exhibited outstanding content uniformity and potency. It was hypothesized that this failure was due to sampling bias which occurred when small (unit dose) samples were extracted with a thief from a static powder bed that was 7 orders of magnitude greater in size. The purpose of this two-part investigation was to test this hypothesis. In both of these studies, sieve analyses were conducted on samples collected from 100 kg of the final commercial blend. From these data the ratio of the coarse to fine fractions was calculated. This ratio is directly proportional to particle size and, for this product, related to the concentration of drug in the sample. Two different thieves (A and B) and a variety of sampling conditions were compared in Study 1 and the results suggest that the coarse-to-fine ratio: (a) decreases with sampling depth, (b) is generally larger for samples extracted with thief B than thief A, and (c) is larger for samples collected with a thief that is maintained in the vertical position than one held at an acute angle. The intent of Study 2, which focused exclusively on thief B, was to determine if the pronounced effect of sampling depth on the coarse-to-fine ratio was due to sampling bias or product segregation. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that coarser material was preferentially sampled from the top of the bed than from the bottom. These studies indicated that one thief used under different conditions and two thieves used under similar conditions can extract samples of different particle size from the same population. This implicates sampling bias and confirms that a thief is far from an ideal sampling device. We believe that the unit dose sampling requirement is more likely to impede the delivery of innovative pharmaceutical products to the marketplace than it is to enhance the quality of these products.
ERG is required for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the endothelial lineage (2009)

The ETS factor ERG appears to be a critical regulator of EC differentiation.
Characterization of recombinant murine leukemia virus integrase (1995)

Retroviral integration involves two DNA substrates that play different roles. The viral DNA substrate is recognized by virtue of specific nucleotide sequences near the end of a double-stranded DNA molecule. The target DNA substrate is recognized at internal sites with little sequence preference; nucleosomal DNA appears to be preferred for this role. Despite this apparent asymmetry in the sequence, structure, and roles of the DNA substrates in the integration reaction, the existence of distinct binding sites for viral and target DNA substrates has been controversial. In this report, we describe the expression in Escherichia coli and purification of Moloney murine leukemia virus integrase as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, characterization of its activity by using several model DNA substrates, and the initial kinetic characterization of its interactions with a model viral DNA substrate. We provide evidence for functionally and kinetically distinct binding sites for viral and target DNA substrates and describe a cross-linking assay for DNA binding at a site whose specificity is consistent with the target DNA binding site.
Attribution (2006)

This flexible, unified, and portfolio-centered approach to attribution treats attribution questions that occur before the fact (ex ante) and after the fact (ex post) symmetrically. Three important aspects of an analysis of a portfolio ex ante are its predicted risk, the information ratio (which measures the potential to add value), and the transfer coefficient (which shows the manager's ability to capture that potential).The product of these three variables is the portfolio's predicted alpha. Ex post analogues of these concepts are the predicted risk, the opportunity set (which shows how well the manager could do with perfect foresight), and the realized information coefficient (which measures the correlation between the forecast and the outcome). The product of these three quantities is the return of the portfolio. The author shows how to attribute the transfer coefficient and realized information coefficient to sources in a general manner. <bold>TOPICS:</bold> <ext-link>Equity portfolio management</ext-link>, <ext-link>quantitative methods</ext-link>, <ext-link>performance measurement</ext-link>
The Effects of Muscle Thickness and Time on Feed on Hot Fat Trim Yields, Carcass Characteristics and Boneless Subprimal Yields (1989)

Medium-framed, crossbred steers (n = 66), representing two muscle thickness classes (No. 1 and No. 2), were fed for 84, 112 or 140 d and slaughtered. Prior to chilling, one carcass side was trimmed of s.c. fat in excess of 6.4 mm and all internal fat USDA yield and quality grade factors were recorded for each untrimmed carcass side, whereas the trimmed side of each carcass was fabricated into boneless, closely trimmed (6.4 mm) subprimals. Slaughter weight did not differ (P > .05); however, No. 1 steers had heavier (P < .05) hot carcass weights (trimmed and untrimmed) than No. 2 steers, resulting in higher (P < .05) conventional and trimmed dressed yields. No. 1 steer carcasses possessed lower (P < .05) numerical yield grades than No. 2 carcasses, even though the two muscle thickness classes did not differ (P > .05) in fat thickness. Carcasses from No. 1 steers yielded a higher (P < .05) percentage of trimmed, boneless product than No. 2 carcasses. No. 1 steer carcasses yielded higher (P < .05) percentages of ribeye roll, strip loin and all subprimals from the round than No. 2 carcasses. Conventional and trimmed dressed yields (%) increased (P < .05) from 112 to 140 d on feed, whereas trimmed dressing percentages were similar (P > .05) for steers fed 84 or 140 d. Days on feed did not influence the percentage of trimmed, boneless subprimals derived from hot trimmed sides, indicating that hot fat trimming was effective in reducing variation in carcass cutability.
Colon cancer and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 gene expression. (2009)

From the present preliminary results, it can be said that PRMT1 variant v2 can probably be regarded as a marker of unfavourable prognosis in colon cancer patients.
Transmission of framed ATM cell streams over satellite: a field experiment (2002)

In order to promote the use of satellite links in the European ATM Pilot Network, EUTELSAT has carried out laboratory tests and field trials of satellite transmission of 34 Mbit/s PDH-framed ATM cell streams, as specified in ITU-T G.804 and G.832. The effects of error bursts, introduced by the FEC schemes adopted in the 34 Mbit/s satellite modems, on the physical layer and the ATM layer have been measured and assessed. The results explicitly prove the viability of satellite links in ATM networks: no errors have been found when testing ATM transport over satellite links under nominal conditions. Tests carried out with deliberately degraded links demonstrate the accuracy of the calculation of the performance parameters, defined in ITU-T G.826, through the processing of the bit interleaved parity 8 code (BIP-8), even in a bursty error environment. The tests have also confirmed that the probability of discarding ATM cells over links characterized by error bursts is orders of magnitude higher than over links with random errors, since the single-bit error correction capability of the header error correction is ineffective in this situation. The paper advises on how to overcome this obstacle in an operational environment.
Purification and characterization of human lymphoblast <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (1992)

N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAcPTase) was solubilized with 2% Tergitol NP-10 from cultured human lymphoblast cells and purified 3840-fold with 14% recovery using lentil lectin-Sepharose 4B, DEAE-Sephacel and Sephacryl S-400 chromatographies. The partially purified enzyme requires the non-ionic detergent Tergitol NP-10 and a divalent cation, Mn2+ or Mg2+, for its activity and exhibits an optimal pH at 7.2-7.5 in Tris-maleate buffer. Kinetic studies demonstrated an apparent Km of 24 microM for the donor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and of 117 mM for the artificial acceptor alpha-methylmannoside. The GlcNAcPTase is inhibited by UDP and UDP-glucose, and by negatively charged phospholipids including phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The apparent mol. wt of the human lymphoblast GlcNAcPTase is approximately 1000 kDa, which is analogous to that reported for the partially purified enzyme from rat liver (Waheed et al., 1982).
Law does not forbid shipment of radioactive substances (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaw does not forbid shipment of radioactive substancesScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1932, 9, 5, 939Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1932Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1932Published inissue 1 May 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ed009p939RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (574 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The effect of acute non-fatal haemorrhage on adrenocortical function. (1985)

The effect of acute non-fatal haemorrhage on adrenocortical function was assessed in 19 Burmese subjects. The results indicated that acute non-fatal haemorrhage as produced by blood donation stimulated the adrenal cortex to increase its secretion.
Novel TOPK Inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 Effectively Suppresses Colon Cancer Growth (2012)

The serine-threonine mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family member T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK/PBK) is heavily involved in tumor development, cancer growth, apoptosis, and inflammation. Despite the identification of TOPK as a promising novel therapeutic target, no inhibitor of TOPK has yet been reported. In this study, we screened 36 drug candidates using an in vitro kinase assay and identified the novel TOPK inhibitor HI-TOPK-032. In vitro, HI-TOPK-032 strongly suppressed TOPK kinase activity but had little effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), c-jun-NH2-kinase 1, or p38 kinase activities. HI-TOPK-032 also inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent colon cancer cell growth by reducing ERK-RSK phosphorylation as well as increasing colon cancer cell apoptosis through regulation of the abundance of p53, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved PARP. In vivo, administration of HI-TOPK-032 suppressed tumor growth in a colon cancer xenograft model. Our findings therefore show that HI-TOPK-032 is a specific inhibitor of TOPK both in vitro and in vivo that may be further developed as a potential therapeutic against colorectal cancer.
Control of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Alternative Activation by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (2013)

Tumor stromal alternatively activated macrophages are important determinants of antitumor T lymphocyte responses, intratumoral neovascularization, and metastatic dissemination. Our recent efforts to investigate the mechanism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in antagonizing antimelanoma immune responses reveal that macrophage-derived MIF participates in macrophage alternative activation in melanoma-bearing mice. Both peripheral and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from melanoma bearing MIF-deficient mice display elevated proinflammatory cytokine expression and reduced anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and proangiogenic gene products compared with macrophages from tumor-bearing MIF wild-type mice. Moreover, TAMs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells from MIF-deficient mice exhibit reduced T lymphocyte immunosuppressive activities compared with those from their wild-type littermates. Corresponding with reduced tumor immunosuppression and neo-angiogenic potential by TAMs, MIF deficiency confers protection against transplantable s.c. melanoma outgrowth and melanoma lung metastatic colonization. Finally, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that our previously discovered MIF small molecule antagonist, 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine, recapitulates MIF deficiency in vitro and in vivo, and attenuates tumor-polarized macrophage alternative activation, immunosuppression, neoangiogenesis, and melanoma tumor outgrowth. These studies describe an important functional contribution by MIF to TAM alternative activation and provide justification for immunotherapeutic targeting of MIF in melanoma patients.
Antimicrobial activity of potato aspartic proteases (StAPs) involves membrane permeabilization (2006)

Solanum tuberosum aspartic proteases (StAPs) with antimicrobial activity are induced after abiotic and biotic stress. In this study the ability of StAPs to produce a direct antimicrobial effect was investigated. Viability assays demonstrated that StAPs are able to kill spores of Fusarium solani and Phytophthora infestans in a dose-dependent manner. Localization experiments with FITC-labelled StAPs proved that the proteins interact directly with the surface of spores and hyphae of F. solani and P. infestans. Moreover, incubation of spores and hyphae with StAPs resulted in membrane permeabilization, as shown by the uptake of the fluorescent dye SYTOX Green. It is concluded that the antimicrobial effect of StAPs against F. solani and P. infestans is caused by a direct interaction with the microbial surfaces followed by membrane permeabilization.
Selection of DNA aptamers with two modified bases (2017)

The nucleobases comprising DNA and RNA aptamers provide considerably less chemical diversity than protein-based ligands, limiting their versatility. The introduction of novel functional groups at just one of the four bases in modified aptamers has recently led to dramatic improvement in the success rate of identifying nucleic acid ligands to protein targets. Here we explore the benefits of additional enhancement in physicochemical diversity by selecting modified DNA aptamers that contain amino-acid-like modifications on both pyrimidine bases. Using proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as a representative protein target, we identify specific pairwise combinations of modifications that result in higher affinity, metabolic stability, and inhibitory potency compared with aptamers with single modifications. Such doubly modified aptamers are also more likely to be encoded in shorter sequences and occupy nonoverlapping epitopes more frequently than aptamers with single modifications. These highly modified DNA aptamers have broad utility in research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.
Combination chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) after failure of initial chemotherapy. (1978)

Twenty-four patients who had stage III or IV ovarian adenocarcinoma and had failed prior chemotherapy were treated with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) every 3 weeks. Twelve patients had objective responses and an additional six had subjective improvement. The median duration of survival for responders is 9 months. There were no instances of nephrotoxicity. Fluid management consisted of 1000-2000 ml of iv fluid without Lasix- or mannitol-induced diuresis. Patients responded after having failed radiotherapy or multiple-drug chemotherapy, including some who were 70-75 years of age or were greater than 50% bedridden. Patients with one- or two-drug prior chemotherapy had a higher response rate (ten responses among 17 patients) than those previously treated with three or more drugs (two responses among seven patients).
Growth inhibition of environmental mastitis pathogens during physiologic transitions of the bovine mammary gland. (1986)

Ten dairy cows were infused intramammarily near drying off with concanavalin A (conA) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mammary secretions were collected during physiologic transitions of the udder and were used in an in vitro microbiological assay to determine growth inhibition of mastitis pathogens. As mammary involution progressed, in vitro growth inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus uberis increased. Mammary secretions from conA- and PHA-treated glands had significantly increased bacterial growth inhibition. Secretions contained significantly increased concentrations of lactoferrin and a decreased citrate:lactoferrin molar ratio earlier in the dry period than did control mammary secretions. Greatest bacterial growth inhibition was observed in mammary secretions obtained 7 days before parturition. However, differences in secretion composition or bacterial growth inhibition were not found between conA- or PHA-treated and control udder halves during the prepartum period. Bacterial growth inhibition by mammary secretion decreased markedly during early lactation. A highly significant positive correlation was found between bacterial growth inhibition and concentrations of lactoferrin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G. A highly significant negative correlation was found in the citrate:lactoferrin molar ratio during early involution and the peripartum period.
Crystal, electronic and luminescence properties of Eu<sup>2+</sup>-doped Sr<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Si<sub>1+x</sub>O<sub>7–<i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>x</i></sub> (2007)

The crystal and electronic structures, as well as the luminescence properties of Sr2Al2–xSi1+xO7–xNx:Eu2+ are reported. First-principles calculations energetically confirm that the Al and Si atoms are in partial ordering in the 2a and 4e sites in Sr2Al2SiO7. In addition, the band structure calculation shows that Sr2Al2SiO7 has an indirect band gap with an energy gap of about 4.07 eV, which is in good agreement with the experimental data (∼5.3 eV) obtained from the diffuse reflection spectrum. The crystal structure of Sr2Al2SiO7 can be modified by Si–N substitution for Al–O in the lattice with a maximum solubility of about x ¼ 0.6. The average bond length of EuSr–(O,N) slightly increases although the lattice parameters decrease with the incorporation of Si–N in Sr2Al2SiO7:Eu2+. Under excitation in the visible spectral region, Sr2Al2–xSi1+xO7–xNx:Eu2+ emits blue to yellow light with a broad emission band in the range of 480–570 nm, varying with both the Eu concentration and the x value. The red shift of the emission band of Eu2+ is associated with an increase in the crystal-field splitting and the covalency, which arise from the incorporation of nitrogen as well as the energy transfer between the Eu ions at high Eu concentrations. Moreover, the Eu ions have a strong effect on both the concentration quenching and the thermal quenching in Sr2Al2–xSi1+xO7–xNx. The temperature dependence of photoluminescence indicates that Sr2Al2–xSi1+xO7–xNx:Eu2+ shows strong thermal quenching due to the dominant nonradiative process at room temperature.
CHAP. III (2012)

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Spin Coatable Inorganic Resist for High Density Disk Mastering Process Application (2008)

Along with the development of high definition televisions (HD-TVs), some high density optical discs are demanded to have a capacity of up to 25 Gbytes on a single layer at a single surface. The capacity on single layer may even reach up to 100 Gbytes in the near future, which requires the size of recording to be minimized to less than 100 nm. In this study, ultra high resolution patterns (<100 nm) formation by conventional laser beam recorder using the inorganic spin-coatable photoresist and without additional development or etching process is demonstrated. The recording spot size of laser beam recorder (LBR) can be reduced effectively by using this spin coatable inorganic photoresist.
Die Säule (1990)

Ein Klischee besagt, daß die Säule, auf der die eigentliche Trennung stattfindet, das Herz des HPLC-Systems ist. Viele der Probleme, die bei der täglichen Arbeit auftreten, rühren von der Wahl des chromatographischen Systems (aus Säule und mobiler Phase) für eine bestimmte Trennung her. Das völlige Fehlen einer Trennung, eine zu kurze oder zu lange Retention und/oder asymmetrische Peaks können sämtlich auf die falsche Wahl des Packungsmaterials und der mobilen Phase zurückgehen.
The effect of alkali niobate addition on the phase stability and dielectric properties of Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3 based ceramic (2007)

While Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) single crystals have shown superior ferroelectric properties, less scientific and technical interests have been placed on PZN-PT polycrystalline ceramics due to their poor thermodynamic stability and the difficult processing conditions. Here, we stabilized the PZN-PT based ceramics by adding alkali niobates such as NaNbO3 (NN) and KNbO3 (KN) and investigated their structure and dielectric properties. Two stabilization mechanisms are suggested in alkali niobate added PZN-PT ceramics, increased tolerance factor and enhanced electronegativity difference. KN stabilized the perovskite structure of PZN-PT based ceramics more effectively than NN. Both PZN-PT-KN and PZN-PT-NN ceramics showed the typical behavior of relaxor ferroelectrics. The temperature of maximum dielectric constant of PZN-PT-NN was slightly higher than that of the PZN-PT-KN, which was explained by the difference in ionic size and B-site ordering.
Economic Characteristics and Implications of Net Neutrality (2009)

In this paper I examined economies and implications of and Internet Freedom. It is argued that mandating Net Neutrality would be likely to reduce economic welfare. Instead, the government should focus on creating competition in the broadband market by liberalizing more spectrum and reducing entry barriers created by certain local regulations. In cases where a broadband provider can exercise market power the government should use its antitrust enforcement authority to police anti-competition behavior. To assure Net Neutrality, it is needed to make sure of fair competition and to facilitate flexible prices. Especially it is needed to invest consistently to the sector of Network.