gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Joint Gravity Model 3 (1996)

An improved Earth geopotential model, complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 70, has been determined by combining the Joint Gravity Model 1 (JGM 1) geopotential coefficients, and their associated error covariance, with new information from SLR, DORIS, and GPS tracking of TOPEX/Poseidon, laser tracking of LAGEOS 1, LAGEOS 2, and Stella, and additional DORIS tracking of SPOT 2. The resulting field, JGM 3, which has been adopted for the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data rerelease, yields improved orbit accuracies as demonstrated by better fits to withheld tracking data and substantially reduced geographically correlated orbit error. Methods for analyzing the performance of the gravity field using high‐precision tracking station positioning were applied. Geodetic results, including station coordinates and Earth orientation parameters, are significantly improved with the JGM 3 model. Sea surface topography solutions from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry indicate that the ocean geoid has been improved. Subset solutions performed by withholding either the GPS data or the SLR/DORIS data were computed to demonstrate the effect of these particular data sets on the gravity model used for TOPEX/Poseidon orbit determination.
<i>Escherichia coli </i>RNA Polymerase Activity Observed Using Atomic Force Microscopy (1997)

Fluid tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) transcribing two different linear double-stranded (ds) DNA templates. The transcription process was detected by observing the translocation of the DNA template by RNAP on addition of ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (NTPs) in sequential AFM images. Stalled ternary complexes of RNAP, dsDNA and nascent RNA were adsorbed onto a mica surface and imaged under continuously flowing buffer. On introduction of all four NTPs, we observed some DNA molecules being pulled through the RNAP, some dissociating from the RNAP and others which did not move relative to the RNAP. The transcription rates were observed to be approximately 0.5-2 bases/s at our NTP concentrations, approximately 5 microM. The RNA transcripts were not unambiguously imaged in fluid. However, in experiments using a small single-stranded (ss) circular DNA template, known as a rolling circle, transcripts up to 1 or 2 microns long could be observed with tapping mode AFM once the samples were dried and imaged in air. This confirmed our observations of the transcriptional activity of RNAP adsorbed onto mica. This work illustrates that the development of tapping-mode in fluid has made it possible to use AFM to follow biological processes at the molecular level and get new insights about the variability of activity of individual molecules bound to a surface.
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Brassica napus Transporter That Is Able to Transport Nitrate and Histidine (1998)

A full-length cDNA for a membrane transporter was isolated from Brassica napus by its sequence homology to a previously cloned Arabidopsis low affinity nitrate transporter. The cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 589 amino acid residues with 12 putative transmembrane domains. The transporter belongs to a multigene family with members that have been identified in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals and that are able to transport a range of different nitrogen-containing substrates, including amino acids, peptides, and nitrate. To identify the substrates of this plant gene, we have expressed the protein in Xenopus oocytes. The properties of the transporter are consistent with a proton cotransport mechanism for nitrate, and the voltage dependence of the Km for nitrate was determined. The Km for nitrate was shown to increase from 4 to 14 mM as the membrane voltage became more negative from -40 to -180 mV. Oocytes expressing the gene could accumulate internal nitrate to concentrations higher than those measured in water-injected controls. A range of different substrate molecules for the transporter was tested, but of these, histidine gave the largest currents, although the affinity was in the millimolar range. The pH dependence of the activity of the transporter was different for the substrates, with histidine transport favored at alkaline and nitrate at acid external pH. Kinetic analysis of the mechanism of histidine transport suggests a cotransport of protons and the neutral form of the amino acid, with the Km for histidine decreasing at more negative membrane voltages. This gene is the first member of this family of transporters for which the transport of two very different types of substrate, nitrate and histidine, has been demonstrated.
Intelligence based modeling and optimisation of tandem cold rolling process (2002)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with intestinal microflora. Since specific probiotics may have better efficacy for AD, we determined the efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici SRCM102024 (PA) for treating AD in HaCaT cells and NC/Nga mice and explored the mechanism of action. AD-like pathology was induced in HaCaT cells and the dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice by local exposure to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). In AD-lesion induced mice, PA in low-, medium- and high-dosages (5 × 10E6, 5 × 10E7 and 5 × 10E8 CFU/kg bw, respectively) and dexamethasone (3 mg/kg bw, positive-control) were orally administered for 5 weeks. The clinical AD severity, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and TNF-α, gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and TNF-α and gut microflora were measured. PA treatment (100-300 CFU/mL) dose-dependently increased cell survival in DNCB-induced HACAT cells. PA reduced the relative mRNA expression of PAR-2, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-13 in the cells. In dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice applied with DNCB, PA dose-dependently attenuated erythema, hemorrhage, edema, excoriation, dryness and scratching behavior and PA-H improved the clinical symptoms similar to the positive-control. PA-M and PA-H treatment significantly prevented the disturbance of the dorsal skin tissues and decreased the inflammatory cellular infiltrate of mast cells, compared to the control. PA dose-dependently reduced serum IgE and TNF-α concentrations and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 in dorsal skin. In gut microflora, relative counts of Lactobacillales, Butyricicoccus and Ruminococcus were decreased in the AD-control compared to the positive-control and the PA-M and PA-H prevented their decrease. However, the positive-control increased serum AST and ALT activities, indicating liver damage as an adverse effect. In conclusion, oral treatment of PA (human equivalent 1 × 10E9-1 × 10E10) relieved the AD symptoms by dose-dependently preventing over-activation of the immune response. Oral PA intake may be a safe and effective alternative therapy for AD.
A Hierarchical Topological Knowledge Based Image Segmentation Approach Optimizing the use of Contextual Regions of Interest : Illustration for Medical Image Analysis (2006)

This paper concerns image segmentation and presents a method to automically determine optimal regions of interest (ROI) according to topological information. The use of ROI avoids the processing of irrelevant image points, therefore improving and accelerating segmentations. ROI determination is based on the optimal use of both the a priori knowledge about topological structure of an image and the contextual information. Contextual information concerns the nature of already segmented regions in the case of the hierarchical segmentation approach we consider. We describe this general purpose method and propose a formulation for the optimal determination of ROIs according to both informations. Then, we illustrate the use and the implementation of such a method in the particular case of medical image segmentation.
Mythical Islands of Value: Free Ports, Offshore Capitalism, and Art Capital (2020)

The Geneva Free Port in Switzerland has paved the way for a new generation of art and luxury free ports. These are critical spatial pivots for the management of art assets, including storage and transactions of artworks, and serve as proxy to examine mechanisms for the capture and generation of value, integral but also outside the global art market. Drawing from the trajectory of the Geneva Free Port and an interdisciplinary body of scholarship on “offshore” and other special zones of production, and value circulation in human geography, anthropology, history, and sociology, this article frames free ports in a longer genealogy of offshore capitalism. First, we claim that the emergence of the Geneva Free Port prefigures and helps illuminate contemporary transformations in offshore capitalism; second, these spaces are more deeply imbricated with public and state authorities than previously suggested. Finally, a holistic understanding of art capital—works of art for investment and asset management—requires an encompassing view of free ports not as accidental and exceptional features in the world of high art but as spaces deeply implicated in the creation and operation of the art market more generally.
Reversible photoswitching enables single‐molecule fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy at high molecular concentration (2007)

We demonstrate that photoswitchable markers enable fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy at high molecular concentration. Reversible photoswitching allows precise control of the density of fluorescing entities, because the equilibrium between the fluorescent ON- and the dark OFF-state can be shifted through optical irradiation at a specific wavelength. Depending on the irradiation intensity, the concentration of the ON-state markers can be up to 1,000 times lower than the actual concentration of the labeled molecular entity. Photoswitching expands the range of single-molecule detection based experiments such as fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy to large entity concentrations in the micromolar range.
Image normalization using the serpentine forward-backward filter: application to high-resolution sonar imagery and its impact on mine detection and classification (2005)

In high-resolution sonar imagery, large variations in image background can make it difficult to reliably find targets. These variations result from irregular illumination of the sea floor, which is caused by sonar platform motion. Contributing to this problem is the fact that the spatial frequencies of the varying background can be similar to those of the target. Consequently, image-processing methods that attempt to segment image regions associated with target highlight (or shadow), are often fooled by bright (or dark) target-size patches of background. This typically results in an increase of the number of false alarms. This paper describes two image normalization methods: the Cross-Range Forward-Backward filter and the Serpentine Forward-Backward filter. Results are presented that show the impact of the image normalization on reducing false alarms.
The reduction of methaemoglobin in red blood cells and studies on the cause of idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia (1948)

hexoses in the carbohydrate-rich fraction is em- phasized.
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Alzheimer's Disease (1982)

Journal Article Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Alzheimer's Disease Get access Robert C. Smith, MD, PhD, Robert C. Smith, MD, PhD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Beng T. Ho, PhD, Beng T. Ho, PhD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Kralik, MS, Patricia Kralik, MS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Vroulis, PhD, George Vroulis, PhD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack Gordon, MD, Jack Gordon, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Judith Wolff, RN Judith Wolff, RN 2Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, Texas Medical CenterHouston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 37, Issue 5, September 1982, Pages 572–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/37.5.572 Published: 01 September 1982
A novel sheathless and electrodeless microelectrospray interface for the on-line coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis to mass spectrometry (1997)

A novel microelectrospray interface for the on-line coupling of capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE) and mass spectrometry is described. The outlet of the fused-silica CZE capillary is tapered and serves as the microspray tip. The spray does not contain a sheath flow nor does the capillary tip contain an electrode or a conductive coating. The capillary tip is placed directly in front of the mass spectrometer inlet. The electrical field for the CZE separation as well as for the electrospray is delivered by the CZE high-voltage power supply. The electrical contact at the capillary outlet is established through the air between the spray tip and the inlet of the mass spectrometer, which is at ground potential. The performance of this interface is investigated using several β-agonists, which are low-molecular-weight, cationic drugs, as test compounds. The use of this interface type with electrospray does not affect the separation of the β-agonists. Comparison with a conventional sheath-flow electrospray interface, showed an improvement of sensitivity of approximately 1 order of magnitude with the microspray, with detection limits down to 5 nmol/L. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Consolidation Process on Tensile Properties of Fe-Cu P/M Alloy from Rapidly Solidified Powder (2003)

The possibilities for recycling scrap iron utilizing copper impurity as a reinforcement were investigated. For this purpose, Fe–Cu powder was prepared by high-pressure water atomization and consolidated by groove rolling at a warm temperature in order to maintain the powder microstructure. The effect of the rolling reduction rate on the mechanical properties of the consolidated samples was examined in this paper. The powder was successfully consolidated without coarse copper precipitation by the rolling technique, though pores were observed at the primary powder boundaries at the low reduction rates. With the increase of the reduction rate, the powder was more elongated and adhered with other powder, and the pore volume fraction decreased. Strength and elongation in tensile testing were measured, and the Vickers hardness of the consolidated samples was examined. All the properties tested improved by increasing the reduction rate. The tensile properties required a more intensive rolling process to bring about the full performance originated by the maintained powder microstructure than the hardness. Using the determined optimum rolling condition, a high strength material was achieved via the proposed processing, showing the prospect for a new recycling process of scrap iron.
Constitution of Stachyose<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConstitution of Stachyose1Dexter French, Gene M. Wild, and William J. JamesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 15, 3664–3666Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01111a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01111a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reversible Circuit Optimization Via Leaving the Boolean Domain (2011)

For years, the quantum/reversible circuit community has been convinced that: 1) the addition of auxiliary quantum bits (qubits) is instrumental in constructing a smaller quantum circuit, and 2) the introduction of quantum gates inside reversible circuits may result in more efficient designs. This paper presents a systematic approach to optimizing reversible (and quantum) circuits via the introduction of auxiliary qubits and quantum gates inside circuit designs. This advances our understanding of what may be achieved with 1) and 2).
The role of planning tools as strategies for combating childhood obesity (2011)

The failure of traditional health models to successfully combat childhood obesity is apparent when considering its sustained prevalence in the United States. Childhood obesity rates have tripled over the past three decades and health officials recognize the need for integrative strategies in order to reverse the trend (CDC, 2010). The historical roots of planning and public health offer a potential venue for collaborative strategies to address the macro level factors that affect community health. This thesis examines how planning tools have been adapted to incorporate health strategies, whether or not such methods are sustainable, and what relationships are essential for the creation and implementation of such strategies. Using a mixed methodology, this research asks and answers the following questions: 'What strategies are planners using to address community health?' and 'How active are planners throughout the Southeast in deliberately implementing such strategies?' The initial hypothesis is while planners may touch on community health through broader means, there is a lack of plan and strategy specificity and implementation in addressing community health concerns through traditional planning tools. In order to successfully adapt planning tools to address community health, collaboration between key stakeholders is needed: planners and public health officials. Articulation of stakeholders' roles as well as the overall structure of such methods will enable planners to serve a more active role in the creation of health strategies.
Isolation of a Human Intestinal Bacterium Capable of Transforming Barbaloin to Aloe-Emodin Anthrone<sup>1</sup> (1991)

A strictly anaerobic bacterium, Eubacterium sp. BAR, was isolated from human feces as one of the intestinal bacteria capable of metabolizing barbaloin. The bacterium grew in PYF broth containing barbaloin and converted barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone. On the other hand, the bacterium had little metabolic activity in GAM broth.
Analysis and Design of a Direct-Drive Arm With a Five-Bar-Link Parallel Drive Mechanism (1984)

The direct-drive arm that has no gears between motors and their loads have several important advantages including no backlash, small friction, and high mechanical stiffness. The arm mechanism, however, becomes extremely massive, when each motor is directly attached to its joint along a serial linkage mechanism. The complicated dynamics resulting from varying inertia, interactions, and nonlinearities, is also more prominent than that of a robot with gears. This paper describes a lightweight arm mechanism with invariant and decoupled inertia characteristics. Instead of having motors at serial joints, a parallel drive mechanism with a closed-loop five bar linkage is utilized. The dynamic behavior of this mechanism is analyzed and the condition for the elimination of the interactions and nonlinearities in the mass properties is derived. The decoupled and invariant arm dynamics significantly reduces the complexity of controlling the direct-drive arm. In the latter half of the paper, a prototype robot developed on this basis is described. By using high torque brushless motors which were specially designed for the direct-drive robot, top speed and maximum acceleration were increased by an order-of-magnitude to about 10 m/s and 5 G, respectively.
UnderScore (2012)

Audio producers often use musical underlays to emphasize key moments in spoken content and give listeners time to reflect on what was said. Yet, creating such underlays is time-consuming as producers must carefully (1) mark an emphasis point in the speech (2) select music with the appropriate style, (3) align the music with the emphasis point, and (4) adjust dynamics to produce a harmonious composition. We present UnderScore, a set of semi-automated tools designed to facilitate the creation of such underlays. The producer simply marks an emphasis point in the speech and selects a music track. UnderScore automatically refines, aligns and adjusts the speech and music to generate a high-quality underlay. UnderScore allows producers to focus on the high-level design of the underlay; they can quickly try out a variety of music and test different points of emphasis in the story. Amateur producers, who may lack the time or skills necessary to author underlays, can quickly add music to their stories. An informal evaluation of UnderScore suggests that it can produce high-quality underlays for a variety of examples while significantly reducing the time and effort required of radio producers.
Innate Immune Responses of Human Neonatal Cells to Bacteria from the Normal Gastrointestinal Flora (2002)

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that the prevalence of allergy has increased due to decreased microbial stimulation early in life, leading to delayed maturation of the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the cytokine pattern produced from cord blood mononuclear cells relative to adult cells after stimulation with bacterial strains from the normal flora. Mononuclear cells from cord and adult blood samples were stimulated with the following bacteria: Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus mitis, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Veillonella parvula, and Neisseria sicca. The levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The TNF-alpha production was also analyzed after blocking CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), and TLR-4 prior to stimulation with bacteria. The levels of IL-12 and TNF-alpha were similar in cord and adult cells. Gram-positive bacteria induced considerably higher levels of IL-12 and TNF-alpha than gram-negative bacteria in both cord and adult cells. The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in newborns than in adults, whereas the levels of IL-10 were similar in newborns and adults. Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria induced similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in cord cells. L. plantarum bound or signaled through CD14, TLR-2, and TLR-4, whereas E. coli acted mainly through CD14 and TLR-4. These results indicate that the innate immune response in newborns to commensal bacteria is strong and also suggest that different bacterial strains may have differential effects on the maturation of the immune system of infants.
Knowledge-based query processing (1980)

This series demonstrates a low LRF rate of 7.6% among breast cancer patients with node-negative tumors 5 cm and larger after mastectomy and adjuvant systemic therapy. Our data indicate that further adjuvant radiation therapy to increase local control may not be indicated by tumor size alone in the absence of positive lymph nodes. LVI was significantly associated with LRF in our series, indicating that patients with this risk factor require careful consideration with regard to further local therapy.