gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of quinoline by a soil bacterium. (1976)

From garden soil a bacterium was isolated which grew aerobically in mineral salts medium with quinoline as sole C source and NH4+ as N source. During growth with quinoline, 2-hydroxyquinoline accumulated in the culture fluid and later disappeared. Whole cells oxidized 2-hydroxyquinoline, 2,6-dihydroxyquinoline and 2,7,8,-trihydroxyquinoline as rapidly as quinoline and without a lag. Catechol was oxidized more slowly by meta-cleavage but at an increasing rate indicative of adaptation. A number of derivatives of benzene and pyridine were not attacked. Whole cells oxidized 2,7,8,-trihydroxyquinoline to a yellow meta-cleavage product which was not further degraded. The following pathway is proposed: quinoline leads to 2-hydroxyquinoline leads to 2,6-dihydroxyquinoline leads to a trihydroxyquinoline (probably not the 2,7,8-compound, but possibly the 2,5,6-compound).
Designing JPEG quantization tables based on human visual system (1999)

In this paper, a quantization table based on the human visual system is designed for the baseline JPEG coder. By incorporating the human visual system with the uniform quantizer, a perceptual quantization table is derived. The quantization table is easy to adapt to the specified resolution for viewing and printing. Experimental results indicate that the HVS-based quantization table can achieve improvements in PSNR about 0.2-2.0 dB without increasing the complexity in both encoder and encoder.
Gate-driven 3.3V ESD clamp using 1.8V transistors (2011)

A new gate driven 3.3V ESD clamp circuit using 1.8V transistor is proposed. This new clamp circuit is suitable for ESD protection of legacy 3.3V I/O interface circuit in SOC chips which use only 1.8V I/O transistors. This clamp along with 3.3V I/O have been demonstrated in 40nm 1.8V process. Life-time test can pass 1000-hours prolonged operation. ESD/Latch-up can pass HBM 3KV, MM 300V, and +/-200mA current triggering and 4.95V (1.5 × VDD) over-voltage test.
Design guidelines for thermal stability in optomechanical instruments (2003)

Opto-mechanical instruments are sensitive to temperature effects. The optical performance will be influenced by temperature variations within an instrument. Temperature variations can occur due to environmental or internal heat sources. Assembly at a different temperature than eventual operation of the instrument can also influence the performance. This paper describes principles to minimize thermal disturbance of optical performance. The thermal behaviour of a system can area-wise be divided in heat source, heat transfer area and place where the optical performance is affected. Placement of the heat source is critical. Using a large thermal capacity, the influence of the source will be minimized. Heat transfer can be controlled by insulation or by good conduction, the latter minimizing the thermal gradient along the thermal path. Thermo mechanical effects on the optical performance can be controlled using a thermal centre, a combination of materials with different expansion properties, low thermal expansion materials and scaling effects of the optical design. TNO TPD designs and manufactures opto-mechanical instruments for space and astronomy. The design guidelines described are commonly used in these instruments. Several examples of the application of these design guidelines are presented in this paper.
P4‐202: Systemic vaccination with anti‐oligomeric monoclonal antibodies improves cognitive function by reducing beta‐amyloid deposition and tau pathology in 3xTg‐AD mice (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disorder that is clinically characterized by a comprehensive cognitive decline. Accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. In AD, the conversion of Aβ from a physiological water-soluble monomeric form into the neurotoxic oligomeric and beta (β)-sheet rich fibrillar conformation is an important event. The most toxic form of Aβ are oligomers. In transgenic AD animal models, both active and passive anti-Aβ immunotherapies improve cognitive function and clear the parenchymal accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. Vaccination Behavioral Studies Immunohistochemistry ELISA. In this report we studied immunotherapy of sequence-independent anti-oligomeric monoclonal antibodies on the cognitive function and amyloid load in 3xTg -AD mice. Anti-oligomeric monoclonal antibodies significantly reduce the amyloid load and improve the cognition. The clearance of amyloid load was significantly correlated with reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation and improvement in cognition. In summary, we demonstrate that prolonged systemic immunotherapyusing oligomer-specific monoclonal antibodies effectively attenuates behavioral and pathological impairments in the 3xTg -AD mice. Our findings demonstarate that conformation-dependent antibodies efficiently clear soluble and insoluble Aβ deposits and highlight that an early initiation of immunotherapy with oligomer-specific antibodies, perhaps even when patients are asymptomatic, might be necessary to inhibit both soluble and insoluble Aβ-mediated pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
Face pose estimation based on 3D detection of pupils and nostrils (2006)

Face orientation was determined by measuring 3D positions of pupils and nostrils using the stereo camera method. The two cameras were set at relatively low positions in order to grab the nostril image of a user. Two sets of several LEDs were arranged around the apertures of the two cameras, respectively. The two sets of the light sources were lit alternately and synchronously with the odd/even signal. This illumination condition alternately produced so-called bright and dark pupils in both camera images every field. Differentiation of the bright and dark pupil images in each camera image made it easy to detect the pupils by image processing. A large window was applied to a possible position of the nostrils, which were estimated by the two detected pupils. When the face was illuminated by the light source attached to another camera each other, the nostrils were darker than the other parts in the window. Accordingly, the nostrils can be detected easily. However, when the horizontal angle of the face is large, one nostril may be undetected. So the position of the undetected nostril was estimated using the ratio of the distance between the two nostrils to the distance between the two pupils. The ratio was obtained from an initial calibration procedure. The 3D positions of the two pupils and two nostrils were calculated by stereo matching. A composition vector of the normal vectors of the plane including the two pupils and the left nostril and the plane including the two pupils and the right nostril were defined as the face orientation. The experimental results showed that for all of three subjects head orientation detection was possible for a horizontal large angle of /spl plusmn/45 deg and for a vertical angel of /spl plusmn/15 deg.
Automated Identification of Bacteria using Three-Dimensional Holographic Imaging and Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

Rapid identification of microbial pathogens is crucial for treating infections. Here we present a rapid method for identification of bacteria. In our method, a trained convolutional neural network classifier can accurately determine the bacterial species from a given three-dimensional refractive index image.
Eye movements in reading and information processing. (1978)

Recent studies of eye movements in reading and other information processing tasks, such as music reading, typing, visual search, and scene perception, are reviewed.The major emphasis of the review is on reading as a specific example of cognitive processing.Basic topics discussed with respect to reading are (a) the characteristics of eye movements, (b) the perceptual span, (c) integration of information across saccades, (d) eye movement control, and (e) individual differences (including dyslexia).Similar topics are discussed with respect to the other tasks examined.The basic theme of the review is that eye movement data reflect moment-to-moment cognitive processes in the various tasks examined.Theoretical and practical considerations concerning the use of eye movement data are also discussed.
An Exact Algorithm for the Single Vehicle Many-to-Many Dial-A-Ride Problem with Time Windows (1983)

This paper modifies the exact Dynamic Programming algorithm developed by the author for the single vehicle many-to-many immediate request Dial-A-Ride problem to solve the problem where each customer has specified upper and lower bounds for his pickup and delivery times and where the objective is to minimize the time needed to service all customers. The major difference between the two algorithms is the substitution of backward recursion with forward recursion. The new algorithm requires the same computational effort as the old one (0(N 2 3 N ) for N customers) and is able to recognize infeasible problem instances.
Heme oxygenase‐1 protects against apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α and cycloheximide in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (2004)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a role in the resistance to apoptosis of several types of cells, but its role in the development of thyroid cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the regulation of HO-1 in human papillary thyroid carcinoma cells (KAT5). The results show that HO-1 is significantly induced by hemin and cadmium. In addition to inducing HO-1, hemin and cadmium also cause a rise in the levels of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Cells with increased levels of HO-1 and p21 were more resistant to apoptotic stimuli than cells with normal levels. The cells resistant to apoptosis also displayed an increased arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell-cycle. The induced levels of HO-1 and p21 were significantly reduced by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors. More importantly, KAT5 cells regained their sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli after they were treated with these kinase inhibitors, indicating that p38 MAPK and ERK are required for the resistance to apoptosis conferred by HO-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increased levels of HO-1 and p21 expression are associated with an increase in the activity of NF-kappaB and that inhibiting NF-kappaB leads to a block in the induction of HO-1 and p21. In summary, this study reveals that an increase in the level of HO-1 markedly reduces the sensitivity of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells to apoptotic stimuli. The HO-1 pathway of apoptosis resistance is associated with an increase in the levels of p21, involves a p38 MAPK and ERK-mediated mechanism and can be suppressed by inhibiting NF-kappaB.
Decrease in Knee Joint Pain and Increase in Function in Patients With Medial Compartment Arthrosis: A Prospective Analysis of Valgus Bracing (1998)

We studied a brace designed to decrease loads on the medial tibiofemoral compartment in knees with chronic pain and arthrosis to determine if pain symptoms decreased, function improved, and dynamic gait characteristics altered during walking. Eighteen patients with symptomatic medial compartment arthrosis were fitted with a commercially available brace. All were evaluated after an average of 9 weeks of brace wear, and 13 patients were evaluated after 1 year of brace wear. The Cincinnati Knee Rating System and additional pain scales were used to analyze symptoms and functional limitations. Nine subjects underwent a dynamic gait analysis and were compared with a control group of 11 normal subjects matched for age and walking speed. The brace was worn an average of 7 hours a day, 5 days a week. Following 9 weeks of brace wear, statistically significant improvements were found for all pain parameters, and these improvements continued at the 1 year evaluation. Before brace wear, 78% had pain with activities of daily living, but after the first evaluation, only 39% continued to have such pain, and at the second evaluation, only 31% were so affected. Before brace wear, patients had a walking tolerance of 51 minutes prior to the onset of pain symptoms. At the first evaluation, patients could walk 138 minutes without pain, and after 1 year, they could walk 107 minutes without pain. Before brace wear, 78% rated their overall knee condition as fair or poor whereas at the first evaluation, only 33% continued to provide this rating. No differences were found in the dynamic gait parameters measured with and without the brace. While this brace did not provide the dramatic improvements in symptoms, function, and patient satisfaction obtainable after high tibial osteotomy, it did help the majority of patients. If the goal of brace use is to buy a short amount of time for patients who cannot undergo or wish to avoid osteotomy or knee arthroplasty, then bracing appears to offer a reasonable alternative for short-term pain relief and improved function.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA6082 aluminium alloy with small additions of Sc and Zr (2009)

Abstract The effect of Sc and Zr addition on microstructure and hardness development in a commercial as-cast and solution-treated (530 °C/45 min) AA6082 alloy was studied. The electrical resistivity decrease and hardness increase in the temperature range 180 – 300 °C are caused by precipitation of β′′ and/or β′ needles of the Mg – Si system. Precipitation and morphology changes of Al – Mn – Fe system phases in AA6082 and AA6082-ScZr alloys influence the resistivity significantly, but have a negligible effect on hardness. The initial hardness of Sc and Zr containing AA6082 alloys is higher mainly due to the presence of Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles. This difference is less pronounced in the peak-hardening state. Natural ageing of solution-treated alloys influences microstructure development in both alloys when annealed subsequently up to 240 °C.
The origin of embryonic and fetal myoblasts: a role of Pax3 and Pax7: Figure 1. (2009)

Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of individual muscle fibers, diversified in size, shape, and contractile protein content, to fulfill the different functional needs of the vertebrate body. This heterogeneity derives from and depends at least in part on distinct classes of myogenic progenitors; i.e., embryonic and fetal myoblasts and satellite cells whose origin and lineage relationship have been elusive so far. In this issue of Genes & Development , Hutcheson and colleagues (pp. 997–1013) provide a first answer to this question.
Run-and-Tumble Particles with Hydrodynamics: Sedimentation, Trapping, and Upstream Swimming (2010)

We simulate by lattice Boltzmann the nonequilibrium steady states of run-and-tumble particles (inspired by a minimal model of bacteria), interacting by far-field hydrodynamics, subject to confinement. Under gravity, hydrodynamic interactions barely perturb the steady state found without them, but for particles in a harmonic trap such a state is quite changed if the run length is larger than the confinement length: a self-assembled pump is formed. Particles likewise confined in a narrow channel show a generic upstream flux in Poiseuille flow: chiral swimming is not required.
러시아 연해주 고려인 공동체의 한민족 민속문화 전승 연구 (2013)

The Korean Russians(Goryein) of Yunhaju(Maritime Province of Russia) began after the death of Stalin. From the beginning of the 1990s until after the collapse of the former Soviet Union, they continued their existence after their remigration to ‘the base of their ancestors’, Yunhaju. The cultural identity or homogeneity of the Korean race continues on the basis of their existence because the language and lifestyle customs of native Koreans were accompanied by mass immigration and settlement. However, due to their history of ‘deportation to Central Asia followed by the remigration to Russia’, when comparing the folk culture that is being transmitted by Russian Koreans of Central Asia or Koreans of Russia Sakhalin, disconnection and modification is relatively broad. Through the results obtained by the field survey in terms of transmission, modification, disconnection and restoration, the summarized information is as follows. Ancient forms of Korean folk culture that is being precisely transmitted include fasting, prohibited behavior of mothers, ritual days etc. Ancient forms of modified Korean folk culture that is being transmitted include Lunar New Year`s Day, Dano, memorial services for ancestors, special dishes and food preservation, chil sung(七星) and sung ju(成主, 成造). Based on what was confirmed from the recent field research process, ancient forms of Korean folk culture that is disconnected, which of course its numbers may be large beyond description, include greetings on New Year`s Day, customs of the 15th of January by the lunar calendar, rituals for good farming, shamanistic beliefs etc. Acceptance of local Russian customs, as well as artificially restored ancient forms of Korean folk culture for its succession to continue include pregnancy charms, festival on Lunar New Year`s Day, Dano festival, traditional singing and dancing etc. Tracing back the various forms of transmission of Korean folk culture led by Korean Russians of Yunhaju, it is true that the span of its disconnection and modification is wide, but in return, its restoration is also at large. In order for Korean folk culture to be restored and succeeded, there is a need for persisting effort. Although the genuine will to maintain the identity of Korean Russians is conveyed by a small number of cultural artists, we are in a situation where we need continuous help. Looking directly at reality, now we should not only pay attention to the fact that Korean Russians are living far away, or the fact that they are treasuring their painful past. However, in an objective point of view, government-led support and interest are required for substantial understanding and systematic preservation of folk culture as well as its succession.
Configuring a MapReduce Framework for Dynamic and Efficient Energy Adaptation (2012)

MapReduce has become a popular framework for Big Data applications. While MapReduce has received much praise for its scalability and efficiency, it has not been thoroughly evaluated for power consumption. Our goal with this paper is to explore the possibility of scheduling in a power-efficient manner without the need for expensive power monitors on every node. We begin by considering that no cluster is truly homogeneous with respect to energy consumption. From there we develop a MapReduce framework that can evaluate the current status of each node and dynamically react to estimated power usage. Inso doing, we shift power consumption work toward more energy efficient nodes which are currently consuming less power. Our work shows that given an ideal framework configuration, certain nodes may consume only 62.3% of the dynamic power they consumed when the same framework was configured as it would be in a traditional MapReduce implementation.
Scalable Temporal Latent Space Inference for Link Prediction in Dynamic Social Networks (2016)

We propose a temporal latent space model for link prediction in dynamic social networks, where the goal is to predict links over time based on a sequence of previous graph snapshots. The model assumes that each user lies in an unobserved latent space, and interactions are more likely to occur between similar users in the latent space representation. In addition, the model allows each user to gradually move its position in the latent space as the network structure evolves over time. We present a global optimization algorithm to effectively infer the temporal latent space. Two alternative optimization algorithms with local and incremental updates are also proposed, allowing the model to scale to larger networks without compromising prediction accuracy. Empirically, we demonstrate that our model, when evaluated on a number of real-world dynamic networks, significantly outperforms existing approaches for temporal link prediction in terms of both scalability and predictive power.
Signal Selection in High-Resolution NMR by Pulsed Field Gradients (1999)

A geometrical description for the selection of coherence transfer pathways in high resolution NMR by the application of pulsed field gradients along three orthogonal directions in space is presented. The response of the spin system is one point of the three-dimensional Fourier transform of the sample volume affected by a sequence of field gradients. The property that a pathway is retained (or suppressed) when a sequence of field gradients is applied is expressed by the property of vectors, representing the pathway and the sequence, respectively, to be orthogonal (or not orthogonal). Ignoring imperfections of RF pulses, and with the exception of sensitivity enhanced experiments and experiments where the relevant coherence order is zero while field gradients are applied, it is shown that at most only half of the relevant pathways, as compared to a phase cycled experiment, are retained when field gradients are used for signal selection.
Insulated signal transmission system using planar resonant coupling technology for high voltage IGBT gate driver (2014)

An insulated signal transmission system using planar resonant coupling technology has been developed for providing driving signal transmission to control power electronic equipment. The resonant coupling can reduce the unwanted leakage that prevents conventional wireless systems from being applied inside the equipment. Using planar resonant couplers, the system restricted propagation loss to -0.9 dB and return loss to -10.0 dB in a wide frequency range of 2.2-2.78 GHz. Additionally, the couplers showed highly reliable parasitic capacitance characteristics and partial discharge characteristics. The developed system demonstrated switching operation of 3.3 kV-1200 A insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) without disturbances between the highpower switching IGBTs and the RF transceivers.
Wear Resistant Coating for Downhole Tubulars and Tools (2010)

Abstract The oil and gas industry has long been in need of a wear mitigation solution for the tube body of drill pipe that did not manifest the metallurgical problems of welding. Thermal spray provides an alternative application method to welding, but is typically limited to very thin deposits (1mm or less) and is most often associated with corrosion resistance rather than wear resistance. A new coating has been developed that is wear resistant, robust and is capable of being applied in very thick deposits, from 0.010 inches up to 3.0 inches (.25 – 76 mm). This material has been applied to the body of drill pipe without any deleterious effect to the pipe, and the coating is being used to create centralizers and stabilizers for casing drilling and casing running, as well as other selected areas on down-hole tools and devices. This paper examines: the coating/deposit properties; application of the coating onto a substrate; and certain industrial exploitations of the coating.
Infuse-as-you-go convective delivery to enhance coverage of elongated brain targets: technical note (2019)

The infuse-as-you-go approach, paralleling the longitudinal axis of the target structure, provides a more effective and efficient method for convective infusate coverage of elongated, irregularly shaped subcortical brain nuclei.