gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones metodológicas para la tipificación de sistemas de producción bovina a partir de fuentes secundarias (1998)

Se presentan los resultados de aplicar una metodología rápida y económica para tipificar sistemas de producción bovinos a partir de datos obtenidos de fuentes secundarias. La metodología describe modelos estructurales de producción ganadera y los ubica espacialmente determinando sistemas modales. Para ello se utilizan estadísticas básicas del departamento de Santander (Colombia), que asumen el municipio como unidad de análisis. Se proponen y usan algunas variables para el desarrollo y cálculo de indicadores relacionados con aspectos estructurales de los sistemas de producción, tales como la ocupación y uso de la superficie agropecuaria, la estructura demográfica bovina, el tamaño predial de las fincas, la distribución rural y urbana de la población humana, la vacunación contra la fiebre aftosa y la utilización de pastos mejorados. Mediante técnicas estadísticas de Análisis Multivariado, Correlación Múltiple, Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis Jerárquico de Conglomerados fue posible identificar tipologías, calculando matemáticamente sus descriptores. Así, se identifican y describen cuatro tipologías estructurales: bovinos de cría en el modelo de economía campesina, bovinos para producción de carne, bovinos como actividad complementaria de la economía campesina agrícola y bovinos de cría y levante en un modelo pre-empresarial. La ubicación espacial de las tipologías se realizó dentro de subregiones naturales (Zona Fría, Montaña Santandereana, Hoyas de los Ríos Ponce Chica mocha y Suárez y Valle del Magdalena Medio), lo cual condujo a la identificación de doce subgrupos que se priorizaron de acuerdo con su inventario ganadero para una mejor descripción de las tipologías.
Role of lignin in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose (2004)

Characterization, understanding and overcoming barriers of enzymatic hydrolysis of different raw materials is essential for the development of economically competitive processes based on enzymatic treatments. This work focused on factors relevant for the improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose raw materials derived from softwood. The major interest of the work was in lignin. Specific areas addressed were the role of lignin in the unproductive binding of cellulases, which restricts the hydrolysis of cellulose, and enzymatic modification of lignin in order to improve cellulose hydrolysis. In addition, suitability a new pretreatment method, wet oxidation, was evaluated for softwood.\n\nThe binding of Trichoderma reesei CBH I and CBH II enzymes on bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) was shown to be determined by a co-operative effect of the two domains, the cellulose binding domain (CBD) and the catalytic domain (CD). Binding of the intact CBH I on bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC) was fully reversible, while the binding of CBH II was only partly reversible. The cellulases CBH I and EG II were adsorbed on steam pretreated softwood (SPS) and lignin. The observation that the presence of CBD clearly enhanced the binding of the enzymes on SPS and especially on lignin, suggests that unspecific adsorption is dominated by the affinity of the CBD.\n\nThe wet oxidation pretreatment studies gave information on the importance of substrate structure in the enzymatic hydrolysis. This pretreatment method was applied to softwood for the first time. In the wet oxidation pretreatment studies, the total recovery of carbohydrates was high and the recovery of cellulose even higher than what has been reported for steam pretreated softwood. Lignin fraction of the substrate remained mainly undissolved. No clear correlation between the hydrolysis yield and lignin content could be observed. It was concluded that the location and chemical/physical structure of lignin affected the enzymatic hydrolysis more than the absolute amount of lignin. It was shown that the hydrolysis result could be improved by optimizing the pretreatment conditions, reducing the hemicellulose content or hydrolysing the residual hemicellulose by selecting a suitable combination of enzymes.\n\nThis study showed for the first time that enzymatic modification and/or removal of lignin can be combined with simultaneous cellulose hydrolysis. Both the modification of lignin surfaces by oxidative treatments with laccase alone and delignification treatment with a laccase-mediator system lead to increased hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Oxidation of lignin by laccase was achieved by the three laccases tested, produced by Trametes hirsuta, Melanocarpus albomyces and Mauginiella sp. The new laccase isolated and purified from Mauginiella sp. had enzymatic characteristics similar to many basidiomycete laccases. Different adsorption of the three laccases onto SPS did not correlate with the capability of the laccases to oxidize the substrate and consequently, to improve lignocellulose hydrolysis.
A Proposed Standard Method for Illustrating Pedigrees of Small Grain Varieties<sup>1</sup> (1968)

The proposed method of writing pedigrees of small grain varieties, a modification of the method proposed by G. A. Wiebe, is both simple and versatile. It can be used for either manual or automatic machine operations.
Thick Active Layers of Electrochemically Modified Glassy Carbon. Electrochemical Impedance Studies (2000)

Glassy carbon electrodes were electrochemically modified by an anodization/cathodization procedure in aqueous H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Depending on the anodization time, the active-layer thickness could be controlled from less than a micrometer to nearly 100 μm. Electrochemical impedance measurements indicated that the capacitance per unit volume of the active layer was similar to various other porous carbons and sufficient for application as an electrochemical capacitor material. The small-signal ac capacitance was found to be 80-460 F/cm<sup>3</sup> (single-electrode capacitance), depending on potential, for the higher-pyrolysis-temperature carbon, and 25-420 F/cm<sup>3</sup> for the lower-pyrolysis-temperature carbon. The resistance of the active layer depended even more strongly on the pyrolysis temperature of the glassy carbon. The active layer on the carbon pyrolyzed at a temperature of 2200 °C had a resistance which was about 1000 times lower than that of a corresponding layer grown on glassy carbon pyrolyzed at 1000 °C.
Variable rate QAM for mobile radio (1995)

Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes which vary the number of modulation levels in accordance with the mobile radio fading channel variations are investigated. Important parameters considered are the fading rate and the block size used. We describe how the adaptive QAM modems can be employed and consider their use in a DECT-like TDD packet structure. System performance in the presence of cochannel interference is also considered. Simulations show that the variable rate system has about 5 dB improvement in channel SNR over a fixed 16-level QAM system for BER's between 10/sup -2/ and 10/sup -5/ and channel SNR's between 25 and 40 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonlinear Dependence of Photocarrier Radiometry Signals from p-Si Wafers on Optical Excitation Intensity (2007)

The dependence of the photocarrier radiometric (PCR) signal on the intensity of exciting superbandgap laser radiation was investigated. It was shown that the amplitude of the PCR signal exhibits a supralinear dependence on laser intensity , with nonlinearity coefficient/exponent β such that . The power dependence of the amplitude is an important indicator of the photoexcited carrier recombination physics in semiconductors ranging between monopolar and bipolar limits. The study was made with laser beams of varying wavelength, power, and spotsize and with semiconductor silicon wafers with different transport parameters, especially recombination lifetime. One-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the nonlinear PCR signal dependence on β vs modulation frequency were developed. It was found that the conventional linear approach using is not always consistent with experimental slopes of amplitude vs power and it may yield erroneous values of the electronic transport properties. Consideration of the fundamental and second harmonic amplitudes and phases of the PCR signal showed that the physical origin of the nonlinear dependence of the PCR amplitude on laser intensity is consistent with high-optical-injection of free-carriers in the semiconductor. The value of β can also be determined by the second harmonic-to-fundamental-amplitude ratio and is controlled by the carrier relaxation time dependence on the optically injected excess diffusive photocarrier density wave.
Fifty Years of Open-Heart Surgery (2003)

n May 6th, 2003, we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first successful open-heart operation performed with the use of the heart-lung machine, one of the most important forms of therapy in the history of cardiac disease. On that spring day in Philadelphia, John H. Gibbon, Jr, MD, of the Jefferson University Medical Center, using total cardiopulmonary bypass for 26 minutes, closed a large secundum atrial septal defect in an 18-year-old woman. Beginning with this case, generations of cardiac surgeons have been able to operate on millions of human hearts with alacrity, efficiency, and consistency to correct complicated congenital heart defects, cardiac valve disorders in the young and old, atherosclerotic coronary artery obstructions, and large aneurysms of the thoracic aorta.
Purification and characterization of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> arginase, RocF: unique features among the arginase superfamily (2004)

The urea cycle enzyme arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) hydrolyzes l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. Mammalian arginases require manganese, have a highly alkaline pH optimum and are resistant to reducing agents. The gastric human pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, also has a complete urea cycle and contains the rocF gene encoding arginase (RocF), which is involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. Its arginase is specifically involved in acid resistance and inhibits host nitric oxide production. The rocF gene was found to confer arginase activity to Escherichia coli; disruption of plasmid-borne rocF abolished arginase activity. A translationally fused His(6)-RocF was purified from E. coli under nondenaturing conditions and had catalytic activity. Remarkably, the purified enzyme had an acidic pH optimum of 6.1. Both purified arginase and arginase-containing H. pylori extracts exhibited optimal catalytic activity with cobalt as a metal cofactor; manganese and nickel were significantly less efficient in catalyzing the hydrolysis of arginine. Viable H. pylori or E. coli containing rocF had significantly more arginase activity when grown with cobalt in the culture medium than when grown with manganese or no divalent metal. His(6)-RocF arginase activity was inhibited by low concentrations of reducing agents. Antibodies raised to purified His(6)-RocF reacted with both H. pylori and E. coli extracts containing arginase, but not with extracts from rocF mutants of H. pylori or E. coli lacking the rocF gene. The results indicate that H. pylori RocF is necessary and sufficient for arginase activity and has unparalleled features among the arginase superfamily, which may reflect the unique gastric ecological niche of this organism.
Self-organization of amphiphiles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-organization of amphiphilesD. Fennell EvansCite this: Langmuir 1988, 4, 1, 3–12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00079a002https://doi.org/10.1021/la00079a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1053Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Contig Spanning the Major Domestication Locus <i>Q</i> in Wheat and Identification of a Candidate Gene (2003)

The Q locus played a major role in the domestication of wheat because it confers the free-threshing character and influences many other agronomically important traits. We constructed a physical contig spanning the Q locus using a Triticum monococcum BAC library. Three chromosome walking steps were performed by complete sequencing of BACs and identification of low-copy markers through similarity searches of database sequences. The BAC contig spans a physical distance of approximately 300 kb corresponding to a genetic distance of 0.9 cM. The physical map of T. monococcum had perfect colinearity with the genetic map of wheat chromosome arm 5AL. Recombination data in conjunction with analysis of fast neutron deletions confirmed that the contig spanned the Q locus. The Q gene was narrowed to a 100-kb segment, which contains an APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene that cosegregates with Q. AP2 is known to play a major role in controlling floral homeotic gene expression and thus is an excellent candidate for Q.
Synthesis and characterization of organogel from poly(acrylic acid) with cellulose acetate (2010)

Abstract In the last decade, the interest in physical organogels has grown rapidly with the discovery and synthesis of a very large number of diverse molecules, which used organic solvents at low concentrations. New organogels based on poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and cellulose acetate (CA) were prepared as thin films to study properties and swelling behavior. In organogels synthesis different crosslinking agent and initiator concentrations were studied. The swelling for PAA/CA organogels was carried out with acetone at 3 different temperatures (30°, 40° and 50 °C) and pH of 6.5 (pH acetone = 6.5). The higher swelling for PAA/CA organogels was 770% for 25PAA/75CA composition ratio with 3%wt N,N´-methylene-bis acrylamide (MBA) and 1%wt potassium persulphate (KPS) at 30 °C. The films were analyzed by FTIR and the presence of functional groups of each polymer was confirmed without secondary reactions. The DSC analysis indicated two glass transition temperatures (T g ); at 106 °C corresponding to PAA and 86 °C, corresponding to CA, respectively, indicative of phase separation, characteristic of gels. Surface morphology was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing smooth surface and small crystal forms.
Picosecond optical fibre sampling oscilloscope (1991)

An optical sampling oscilloscope, based simply on a dual wavelength, stroboscopic switching operation, in a nonlinear loop mirror has been used to directly measure, with picosecond resolution, the pulses generated from a gain switched semiconductor laser. The detected pulses were directly compared to those obtained with an electronically driven, optical sampling oscilloscope.
Autoassociative neural network models for language identification (2004)

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of automatic language identification (LID) systems, using spectral features. The powerful features of autoassociative neural network models are exploited for capturing the language specific features for developing the language identification system. The nonlinear models capture the complex distribution of spectral vectors in the feature space for developing system parameters. The LID system can be easily extended for more number of languages without any additional higher level linguistic information. Effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated for identification of speech utterances from four Indian languages.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate promotes cell migration through the activation of Cdc42 in Edg‐6/S1P4‐expressing cells (2003)

These results support a role for Sph-1-P signalling via Edg-6 in the pathways involved in cell motility.
Reversion of autonomously replicating sequence mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: creation of a eucaryotic replication origin within procaryotic vector DNA. (1990)

To investigate how a defective replicon might acquire replication competence, we have studied the reversion of autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) mutations. By mutagenesis of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid lacking a functional origin of replication, we have obtained a series of cis-acting mutations which confer ARS activity on the plasmid. The original plasmid contained an ARS element inactivated by point mutation, but surprisingly only 1 of the 10 independent Ars+ revertants obtained shows a back mutation in this element. In the remainder of the revertants, sequence changes in the M13 vector DNA generate new ARSs. In two cases, a single nucleotide change results in an improved match to the ARS consensus, while six other cases show small duplications of vector sequence creating additional matches to the ARS consensus. These results suggest that changes in replication origin distribution may arise de novo by point mutation rather than by transposition of preexisting origin sequences.
Anesthetics inhibit high‐affinity states of dopamine D2 and other G‐linked receptors (2003)

The high-affinity states of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, serotonin 5HT-2A receptors, beta-2-adrenoceptors, alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors, opiate receptors, and muscarinic receptors were inhibited by clinical concentrations of anesthetics, including isoflurane, halothane, chloral hydrate, ketamine, and ethanol. The inhibition occurred not only in vitro, but also in vivo in rats anesthetized with isoflurane, with the high-affinity states recovering at different rates. Because the high-affinity states of G-protein-linked receptors are physiologically functional, their general inhibition by clinical concentrations of anesthetics may underlie general anesthesia and may explain some of the side effects of anesthetics. Subanesthetic concentrations of the anesthetics, including ketamine, stimulated the incorporation of GTP into the cloned dopamine D2 receptors. It is possible that the classical stage 2 excitement phase which occurs with subanesthetic concentrations of general anesthetics and ketamine may be associated with this general stimulation of a variety of G-protein-linked receptors, as found in the present study, while the stage 3 level of surgical anesthesia may be associated with the inhibition of the high-affinity states of several receptors.
Mining the cancer genome uncovers therapeutic activity of EphA7 against lymphoma (2012)

The functional annotation of the cancer genome can reveal new opportunities for cancer therapies. The wealth of genomic data on various cancers has not yet been mined for clinically and therapeutically useful information. We use cross-comparisons of genomic data with the results of unbiased genetic screens to prioritize genomic changes for further study. In this manner, we have identified a soluble variant of the ephrin receptor A7 (EPHA7 (TR) ) as a tumor suppressor that is lost in lymphoma. We also developed antibody-based delivery to restore this tumor suppressor to the cancer cells in situ. We will discuss our strategy of screening genomic data, specific findings concerning EPHA7 and the potential for future discoveries.
Finite-difference calculation of traveltimes in three dimensions (1990)

Abstract The traveltimes of first arriving seismic rays through most velocity structures can be computed rapidly on a three-dimensional numerical grid by finite-difference extrapolation. Head waves are properly treated and shadow zones are filled by the appropriate diffractions. Differences of less than 0.11 percent are found between the results of this technique and ray tracing for a complex but smooth model. This scheme has proven useful for earthquake location and shows promise as an inexpensive, well-behaved substitute for ray tracing in forward-modeling and Kirchhoff inversion applications.
Tailoring a Broad-Coverage System for the Analysis of Dictionary Definitions. (1993)

Machine readable dictionaries are being exploited by automatically extracting semantic knowledge from their definitions in order to construct lexical data and/or knowledge bases. This chapter focuses on the extraction process of computing a syntactic analysis for each dictionary definition. Although the output of a broad-coverage grammar is adequate to make this analysis, we decided to add a small post-processing component, whose tasks are to rule out ambiguities and to reshape the initial analysis where necessary, according to peculiarities of the dictionary text structure. This separation allows us to revise the post-processor without disturbing the grammar, and to catalogue the actual differences between dictionary and general text.
Towards a General Computational Theory of Musical Structure (1998)

The General Computational Theory of Musical Structure (GCTMS) is a theory that may be employed to obtain a structural description (or set of descriptions) of a musical surface. This theory is based on general cognitive and logical principles, is independent of any specific musical style or idiom, and can be applied to any musical surface. The musical work is presented to GCTMS as a sequence of discrete symbolically represented events (e.g. notes) without higher-level structural elements (e.g. articulation marks, timesignature etc.)- although such information may be used to guide the analytic process. The aim of the application of the theory is to reach a structural description of the musical work that may be considered as &apos;plausible&apos; or &apos;permissible&apos; by a human music analyst. As styledependent knowledge is not embodied in the general theory, highly sophisticated analyses (similar to those an expert analyst may provide) are not expected. The theory gives, however, higher rating to descriptions that may be considered more reasonable or acceptable by human analysts and lower to descriptions that are less plausible.