gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of formaldehyde removal from synthetic contaminated air by using human hair (2016)

Background: Human hair can be used as an inexpensive and accessible adsorbent to remove a variety of pollutants from air. Although several studies have been done on removal of formaldehyde from wastewater by human hair, to date no study has investigated using hair to remove formaldehyde from air. Therefore, the aim of this study was to remove formaldehyde from synthetic contaminated air by a reactor packed with human hair. Methods: Air contaminated with formaldehyde was introduced into a cylindrical reactor packed with human hair at the initial concentration of 8500 mg/L. Formaldehyde concentration was measured in the influent and effluent of the reactor to indicate formaldehyde removal efficiency. Other measurements of parameters effective on formaldehyde removal were taken including amount of human hair and environmental temperature. Results: Results of this study revealed that each gram of human hair was able to remove 0.13 to 0.49 g of formaldehyde from air. Human hair adsorbed 98% of formaldehyde from synthetic contaminated air under 20C. These results demonstrate that increased temperature had a negative effect on formaldehyde removal.
New maintenance method of circuit breaker driving by DC solenoid making use of the closing current waveform measurement (2003)

Maintenance style of electric power facilities such as power stations, substations and switching stations has been changed from lime Based Maintenance (TBM) which implements maintenance every constant period, to Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) which changes maintenance schedule by the condition of the equipment. Yet CB driving by DC solenoid magnet would be short of checking condition. Specifically, the analysis of close operation process was not found fully for the maintenance method of the CB, so the defect and degradation in driving gear were not discovered. Therefore, close operation current waveform measurement has been developed as a new maintenance method of the CB. In detail, a). The systematic diagram, which makes to find the failure position by analyzing the deformation of waveform on the site, has been developed. b). The numerical management method, which is gotten to divide the waveform, has been worked out. This paper deals with the development circumstances and results of the new maintenance method.
An Automatic Approach to Reengineering Common Website with AJAX (2008)

Web applications are suffering from poor interactivity and responsiveness towards end users since the conventional browser-based Web applications follow a request-wait response-wait pattern. This pattern leads to high network latency, interface complexity and slow server responsiveness which impair the user experience, decrease customer satisfaction, cut down the number of visits, and, ultimately, reduce revenue to e-businesses. AJAX (asynchronous javascript and XML) is a standards-based programming technique designed to make Web-based applications more responsive, interactive, and customizable. It is becoming increasingly important to reengineer the traditional Web project with AJAX. In this paper, we present a common process to reengineer the traditional Web project with AJAX and develop a tool to do the work swiftly, automatically and efficiently. Compared to reengineer a traditional Web site with AJAX of medium size, our method will save about 90% workload. This is not only useful for the project manager but also beneficial to the customers.
Sustainable Spatial Architecture for Geo Engineering Data and Workflows (2008)

Abstract Spatial attributes are pervasive in petroleum engineering data. Solutions that create a competitive advantage by effectively using this data require a sustainable architecture with documented workflows to increase user confidence and alleviate engineering risk. The components of a sustainable spatial architecture are; data accessibility, a standard data model, portal consumption and Geographic Information System (GIS) access, and data maintenance and business rules. A full lifecycle solution for management of spatial attributes includes collection from field and public domain sources, quality assessment and control, storage in standardized data models, distribution to analysis applications, and capture in knowledge management and audit systems. Each component and lifecycle stage can impact financial performance of the organization using the geotechnical data. Site assessments and a standard methodology for documentation of processes and components were used to compare solutions and value statements for multiple domestic and international operators. The assessments found that accessibility by end-users impacts quality, accuracy, and confidence related to spatial data. The economic impact of this component is lack of end-user confidence in data tools, and the cost of re-acquiring data. The data model provides feature class intelligence, naming conventions, and attribute accessibility, a standard taxonomy, and a method to move petroleum engineering data into a world of points, lines and polygons. The utility of this component is measured in lost opportunity costs of incomplete analysis, and inconsistent data causing poor drilling decisions. Portal access through service oriented architectures delivers visual and automated quality control of multiple data sources and is documented to save engineering time spent on data discovery and manipulation. Business rules serve to formalize data ownership and governance and support an intelligent synchronization process that maintains validated corporate spatial data, providing a single source of truth that reduces risk for engineering decisions. Successful solutions require all described components plus repeatable and auditable workflows for extracting well, reservoir and seismic spatial attributes from robust industry standard models. This study allows petroleum engineers to determine the maturity of their current and legacy solutions, and plan for goals of mitigating risk, improving workflows, and lowering costs within a scalable, sustainable Spatial Data Architecture.
Study of Leading-Edge Dimple Effects on Airfoil Flow Using Tomographic PIV and Temperature Sensitive Paint (2019)

Airfoil blades can experience a significant change of angle of attack during operation cycles, which may lead to static or dynamic stall in various applications. It is unclear how elements distributed at the leading edge would affect the aerodynamic performance and stall behaviors. In the present study, a distributed dimples configuration was investigated and compared to a baseline smooth NACA0015 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers. Two- and four-camera, tomographic particle image velocimetry (PIV), and temperature sensitive paint (TSP) techniques were set up to gather flow and surface information near the curved leading-edge surface and to study flow separation. Results suggest that distributed dimples configuration create abrupt separation leading to stall and induce a similar stall compared to the smooth model. However, the stall is induced more abruptly and with different flow patterns. Results show that patterns of separated shear layer at stalled conditions were enhanced by the current configuration. Effect of these structures on the boundary layer transition were also analyzed based on combined tomographic PIV and TSP measurement techniques.
Human Thermal Environments (1993)

Environments are assessed and environmental limits defined often only in terms of air temperature, which is insufficient; in most situations the interaction of air temperature with five other factors - radiant temperature; humidity; air movement; activity-generated metabolic heat; and clothing is central to that environment's evaluation.; In this b
Physicochemical Basis of the Biologic Properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (2005)

This study characterized the interactions of mineral trioxide aggregate with a synthetic tissue fluid composed of a neutral phosphate buffer saline solution and root canal dentin in extracted human teeth using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Mineral trioxide aggregate exposed to synthetic tissue fluid at 37 degrees C released its metallic constituents and produced precipitates with a composition and structure similar to that of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2-HA]. Endodontically prepared teeth filled with mineral trioxide aggregate and stored in synthetic tissue fluid at 37 degrees C for 2 months produced at the dentin wall an adherent interfacial layer that resembled hydroxyapatite in composition. The authors conclude that Ca, the dominant ion released from mineral trioxide aggregate, reacts with phosphates in synthetic tissue fluid, yielding hydroxyapatite. The dentin-mineral trioxide aggregate interfacial layer results from a similar reaction. The sealing ability, biocompatibility, and dentinogenic activity of mineral trioxide aggregate is attributed to these physicochemical reactions.
New Effects In Electroactive Polymers - New Basic For Sensors (2005)

Recently, new nonconjugated polymers of a poly(phthalidylidenarylene)s class were synthesized. They consist of functional units sensible to a number of external ifluences, such as temperature, pressure, electric field, PH-medium, etc. These influences cause the insulator-metal transition in the polymer film. As a result, the film resistance changes by 10-12 orders of magnitude. In addition, the films display electroluminescence. These phenomena open broad prospects for the application of these polymers in a variety of industrial products.
Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Low-Molecular-Weight Dermatan Sulphate after Subcutaneous Administration in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1994)

Sixteen patients (5 female and 11 male, mean age 59.1 years) who had had an acute myocardial infarction within the previous 7 days, were enrolled in an open pharmacodynamic study. Patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups and given a single subcutaneous dose of 100 or 200 mg of a new low-molecular-weight dermatan sulphate. The drug pharmacodynamic profile was determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after administration. The following coagulation and fibrinolysis tests were performed: activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, activated factor X inhibition, Heptest (global clotting time), heparin cofactor II affinity, functional and antigenic plasminogen activator inhibitor and fibrin plate assay. Both Heptest and heparin cofactor II affinity were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. The XaI was enhanced, though to a lesser extent. None of the other coagulation or fibrinolysis tests showed significant changes at either dose. Systemic and local tolerance were always very good.
Wnt Signaling Promotes Regeneration in the Retina of Adult Mammals (2007)

Regeneration in the mammalian CNS is severely limited. Unlike in the chick, current models hold that retinal neurons are never regenerated. Previously we demonstrated that, in the adult mammalian retina, Müller glia dedifferentiate and produce retinal cells, including photoreceptors, after acute neurotoxic injury in vivo. However, the number of newly generated retinal neurons is very limited. Here we demonstrate that Wnt (wingless-type MMTV integration site family)/beta-catenin signaling promotes proliferation of Müller glia-derived retinal progenitors and neural regeneration after damage or during degeneration. Wnt3a treatment increases proliferation of dedifferentiated Müller glia >20-fold in the photoreceptor-damaged retina. Supplementation with retinoic acid or valproic acid induces differentiation of these cells primarily into Crx (cone rod homeobox)-positive and rhodopsin-positive photoreceptors. Notably, injury induces nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, cyclin D1 upregulation, and Wnt/beta-catenin reporter activity. Activation of Wnt signaling by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitors promotes retinal regeneration, and, conversely, inhibition of the signaling attenuates regeneration. This Wnt3a-mediated regeneration of retinal cells also occurs in rd mice, a model of retinal degeneration. These results provide evidence that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling contributes to CNS regeneration in the adult mammal.
An Exploration of Adlerian Lifestyle Themes and Alcohol‐Related Behaviors Among College Students (2004)

The aim of this study was to investigate college student drinking through the lens of Adlerian theory. In a sample of 273 participants, multiple regression analyses confirmed that certain lifestyle themes were associated with alcohol‐related behaviors and that men and women who engage in drinking differ in their convictions and goals as defined by Adlerian theory.
The photochemistry of coumarins (1992)

The luminescence-spectroscopic properties, photophysical characteristics, and the most important photochemical reactions of phosphors of the coumarin series and natural furocoumarins are examined. The bibliography includes 130 references.
Nose to brain microemulsion-based drug delivery system of rivastigmine: formulation and <i>ex-vivo</i> characterization (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to irreversible loss of neurons, cognition and formation of abnormal protein aggregates. Rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of AD, undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, thus limiting its absolute bioavailability to only 36% after 3-mg dose. Due to extreme aqueous solubility, rivastigmine shows poor penetration and lesser concentration in the brain thus requiring frequent oral dosing. This investigation was aimed to formulate microemulsion (ME) and mucoadhesive microemulsions (MMEs) of rivastigmine for nose to brain delivery and to compare percentage drug diffused for both systems using in-vitro and ex-vivo study. Rivastigmine-loaded ME and MMEs were prepared by titration method and characterized for drug content, globule size distribution, zeta potential, pH, viscosity and nasal ciliotoxicity study. Rivastigmine-loaded ME system containing 8% w/w Capmul MCM EP, 44% w/w Labrasol:Transcutol-P (1:1) and 48% w/w distilled water was formulated, whereas 0.3% w/w chitosan (CH) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (as mucoadhesive agents) were used to formulate MMEs, respectively. ME and MMEs formulations were transparent with drug content, globule size and zeta potential in the range of 98.59% to 99.43%, 53.8 nm to 55.4 nm and -2.73 mV to 6.52 mV, respectively. MME containing 0.3% w/w CH followed Higuchi model (r(2) = 0.9773) and showed highest diffusion coefficient. It was free from nasal ciliotoxicity and stable for three months. However, the potential of developed CH-based MME for nose to brain delivery of rivastigmine can only be established after in-vivo and biodistribution study.
Dispersion-free pulse duration reduction of passively Q-switched microchip lasers (2012)

We present a dispersion-free method for the pulse duration reduction of passively Q-switched microchip laser (MCL) seed sources. This technique comprises two stages: one that carries out the self-phase modulation induced spectral broadening in a waveguide structure and a subsequent spectral filtering stage in order to shorten the pulses in time domain. The setup of a proof-of-principle experiment consists of a fiber-amplified passively Q-switched MCL, a passive single-mode fiber used as nonlinear element in which the spectrum is broadened, and a reflective volume-Bragg-grating acting as bandpass filter. A reduction of the pulse duration from 118 to 32 ps with high temporal quality has been achieved with this setup.
The role of trust in understanding the effects of blockchain on business models (2016)

Blockchain technology is a systemic transaction innovation in information processing. It enables trust-reliant transactions between parties that were previously unable to trust each other by means of an immutable transaction log and verification of order and validity of transactions, among other things. Blockchain technology is a new way to integrate old technologies, such as digital signatures, cryptography, and hash functions, but as an innovation it is just at the start of its evolution. This is an important topic to study, for it is still poorly understood, but anticipated to be a disruptive technological innovation. This work studies how blockchain technology could change business models, and especially what is the role of trust in this change. The theoretical frame for this study comes from trust literature.\n\nThis study started with a literature review, based on which two hypotheses were created that were tested with a comparative case study of two companies, one from energy and one from financial services industry. The primary material was collected from 25 interviews, each lasting for about an hour. In addition to the two case companies, the sample included experts from the industries and blockchain specialists. Based on the interviews and other material, I constructed three hypothetical use cases that both illustrate how blockchain technology can be used and present an opportunity for analysis of business models. \n\nThe most important conclusions of this study divide into two. First of all, the research clarifies the strategic understanding of blockchain technology by presenting a framework for use case evaluation and by opening the opportunity offered by blockchain to increase trust or to negate the need for it in a transaction. Secondly, this study offers implications both for companies and for further study, indicating that blockchain use cases are very difficult to find. Further, the role of trust in an industry seems to have an effect on what kinds of changes blockchain can cause in business models. Blockchain technology can thus be considered both a technological and a business model innovation, and making a distinction between the two is important. As a business model innovation, blockchain could disrupt business models in a wide range of industries and geographical locations.
Temperature and Concentration Dependence of the Specific Conductivity of Concentrated Solutions of Potassium Hydroxide (1997)

The specific conductivity of concentrated solutions of potassium hydroxide was measured over a temperature range of −15 to 100 °C for concentrations of 15 to 45 mass %. An empirical correlation relating temperature, mass % KOH, and specific conductivity was made with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. Using experimental density data from Akerlof and Bender, the correlation was extended to relate temperature, molarity, and conductivity.
Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review (2007)

Essential oils and their volatile constituents are used widely to prevent and treat human disease. The possible role and mode of action of these natural products is discussed with regard to the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and thrombosis, as well as their bioactivity as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidants and antidiabetic agents. Their application as natural skin penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery and the therapeutic properties of essential oils in aroma and massage therapy will also be outlined.
Personalized Keystroke Dynamics for Self-Powered Human–Machine Interfacing (2014)

The computer keyboard is one of the most common, reliable, accessible, and effective tools used for human--machine interfacing and information exchange. Although keyboards have been used for hundreds of years for advancing human civilization, studying human behavior by keystroke dynamics using smart keyboards remains a great challenge. Here we report a self-powered, non-mechanical-punching keyboard enabled by contact electrification between human fingers and keys, which converts mechanical stimuli applied to the keyboard into local electronic signals without applying an external power. The intelligent keyboard (IKB) can not only sensitively trigger a wireless alarm system once gentle finger tapping occurs but also trace and record typed content by detecting both the dynamic time intervals between and during the inputting of letters and the force used for each typing action. Such features hold promise for its use as a smart security system that can realize detection, alert, recording, and identification. Moreover, the IKB is able to identify personal characteristics from different individuals, assisted by the behavioral biometric of keystroke dynamics. Furthermore, the IKB can effectively harness typing motions for electricity to charge commercial electronics at arbitrary typing speeds greater than 100 characters per min. Given the above features, the IKB can be potentially applied not only to self-powered electronics but also to artificial intelligence, cyber security, and computer or network access control.
The Balance Between Donor T Cell Anergy and Suppression Versus Lethal Graft-Versus-Host Disease Is Determined by Host Conditioning (2002)

Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) remains the most life-threatening complication following the transfer of allogeneic bone marrow into immunocompromised hosts. Transferred alloreactive T cells respond in a complex manner. While massive T cell expansion is observed upon entry into an allogeneic environment, anergy, apoptosis, and repertoire selection are also observed. The study presented here shows that alloreactive T cell expansion and differentiation vs anergy and suppression are dramatically influenced by host conditioning. Using alloreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCR transgenic (Tg) T cells, a novel GVHD model is presented that allows for the visualization of how alloreactive T cells behave when host conditioning is manipulated. Following the transfer of alloreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCR Tg T cells into sublethally irradiated hosts, both Tg T cells populations expand, develop effector function, and cause GVHD. In contrast, when Tg T cells are transferred in non-irradiated hosts, expansion is observed, but there is no development of effector function or disease. Assessment of CD4(+) Tg T cell function following transfer into non-irradiated hosts reveals that these CD4(+) Tg cells are profoundly anergic and have acquired a regulatory function, as manifested in their ability to suppress the expansion of naive TCR Tg T cells in vitro and in vivo as well as the development of GVHD. These findings underscore the decisive effect of the inflammatory environment created by irradiation in determining the ultimate fate and function of alloreactive T cells in vivo
Pathobiology of the sentinel node (2008)

There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in predicting prognosis, reducing the morbidity traditionally associated with regional lymph node dissection and increasing survival in subgroups of patients with cutaneous melanoma. Further study is needed to determine the role of the immune system in the spread of nodal metastases and the role of immunomodulatory therapy to prevent or possibly even reverse nodal metastases.
THE USE OF KETOROLAC IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN (1994)

Ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol) is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) available in intramuscular (IM) and oral formulations for the management of acute pain. Intramuscular ketorolac is the only parenteral NSAID available for analgesic use in the US. The clinical profile is reviewed, and clinical studies most applicable to a postoperative patient are discussed in detail. The results of a clinical study performed at Emory University School of Medicine are presented. In this single-dose study, 176 patients received either 10 mg of oral ketorolac, 5 mg or 10 mg of IM morphine, or placebo after orthopedic surgery. The analgesic efficacy of ketorolac was comparable to both doses of morphine and significantly superior to placebo. Ketorolac, when administered intramuscularly or orally, is a safe and effective analgesic agent for the short-term management of acute postoperative pain and can be used as an alternative to opioid therapy.