gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Antigen Coating Conditions on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibody to <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Serogroup Y and W135 Capsular Polysaccharide Antigens in Serum (2003)

Human sera collected from 28 consenting adult volunteers were used to define assay conditions for meningococcal vaccine clinical trial serology. Immunoassay parameters were optimized with these test sera and the standard reference serum, CDC1992. Coating conditions for serogroup Y and W135 polysaccharide antigens were found to influence the predicted serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations. Sera that displayed IgG antibody binding profiles most unlike that of CDC1992 were influenced the most by coating conditions. Our results suggest that presentation of specific epitopes is influenced by antigen-coating concentrations for serogroup Y and W135 polysaccharides.
The surface protease PgtE of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> affects complement activity by proteolytically cleaving C3b, C4b and C5 (2007)

Complement activity in mammalian serum is fundamentally based on three homologous components C3b, C4b and C5. During systemic infection, the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica disseminates within host phagocytic cells but also extracellularly. Consequently, systemic Salmonella transiently confronts the complement system. We show here that the surface protease PgtE of S. enterica proteolytically cleaves C3b, C4b and C5 and that the expression of PgtE enhances bacterial resistance to human serum. Degradation of C3b was further enhanced by PgtE-mediated plasminogen activation.
A novel linear polar transmitter architecture using low-power analog predistortion for EDGE applications (2006)

This paper presents a new polar transmitter architecture that employs analog predistortion to provide substantially instantaneous correction of amplitude and phase errors in RF PAs. This approach enables to enhance the linear output power capability and efficiency of a PA, simultaneously. Unlike conventional architectures using a closed-loop feedback, no downconversion receiver is included in the transmitter. Moreover, only even-order distortion components are used to predistort the input signal in a multiplicative manner so that the effective correction bandwidth is greatly enhanced. For validation of the architecture, a PA circuit model was designed, based upon the TSMC 0.18-um CMOS technology. In the simulation results, the proposed architecture reduced PA nonlinearity from 2 dB to 0.5 dB for gain and from 18° to ±0.5° for phase. Also, the simulation results exhibited EVMs of less than 0.5% in RMS and 5% in peak, a PAE of 58% at the output power of 33 dBm.
Improved Design and High-Frequency Modulation Experiment of the Coupled-Waveguide Optical Modulator with<i>p</i>-<i>n</i>Junction (1977)

Improved design theory of the coupled-waveguide optical modulator with p-n junction and planar guides is presented with some design examples of GaAs homojunction and GaAs–AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction devices. It becomes clear that P/Δf (modulating power per unit bandwidth) decreases a great deal by reducing the carrier concentration and the width of guide layer. High-speed pulse and high-frequency modulation experiments have been carried out at 1.06 µm using improved GaAs homojunction devices with mesa-etched guides (50 µm wide and 2 mm long) and reduced junction capacitance. At reverse bias of 15 V, the half power bandwidth is 670 MHz for load resistance of 50 Ω, and is in good agreement with the calculated value. Furthermore a new improved structure with strip-loaded channel waveguides is proposed. Some designed examples with more reduced P/Δf are shown.
Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Telechelic Polymer (HTPB): Binder for Solid Rocket Propellants (1995)

Abstract This paper presents a review of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene telechelic polymer (HTPB) with emphasis on its preparation, properties, end group modifications, hydrogenation, role as polyurethane precursors and binders for solid rocket propellants.
Biometric Inspired Digital Image Steganography (2008)

Steganography is defined as the science of hiding or embedding “data” in a transmission medium. Its ultimate objectives, which are undetectability, robustness (i.e., against image processing and other attacks) and capacity of the hidden data (i.e., how much data we can hide in the carrier file), are the main factors that distinguish it from other “sisters-in science” techniques, namely watermarking and Cryptography. This paper provides an overview of well known Steganography methods. It identifies current research problems in this area and discusses how our current research approach could solve some of these problems. We propose using human skin tone detection in colour images to form an adaptive context for an edge operator which will provide an excellent secure location for data hiding.
Changes in P-wave area and P-wave duration after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (2010)

The effect of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) on P-wave characteristics is not clear. We used the signal-averaged (SA) electrocardiogram (ECG) and the ECG derived vector cardiogram (dVCG) to study the influence of CPVI on P-wave duration (PWD) and P-wave area (PWA) and studied whether changes were associated with successful outcome after initial CPVI.
The advantages of web service orchestration in perspective (2004)

Governments from all over the world are looking for technologies to facilitate the coordination of their inter-agency processes in order to improve the service-delivery to their customers. Web Service Orchestration (WSO) technology supports the coordination of cross-departmental processes. The advantages of WSO for governments, however, are not very clear. As a result, governments hesitate to adopt orchestration technology.Advantages of WSO, as found in literature, have a narrow-focus, mainly concerning technological advantages. The advantages of Workflow Management (WFM), a related technology that has been around for years, are much broader. We found a large gap between the advantages that were found for WSO and WFM. We conducted a case study at a business counter to test whether the advantages of WSO and WFM as found in literature were also found for a practical application of WSO.
Editorial: Advances in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Therapy (2012)

Advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma has a dismal prognosis. Notwithstanding the good initial response to primary therapy, 75% of the patients with advanced disease will develop recurrent disease, causing approximately 60-80% of patients to die within 5 years of initial diagnosis. The chemotherapy regimens of the past century are summarized and the focus is on current systemic therapies and future developments in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Recently various promising treatments emerged. Attempts to optimize chemotherapy have included weekly scheduling of paclitaxel and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Trials using angiogenesis inhibition and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors show an advantage in progression-free survival while further overall survival data are awaited. Trabectedin, Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and chemo-immunotherapy may be become a promising therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. This Editorial encapsulates these new developments in ovarian cancer that are described extensively in the current theme issue Advances in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Therapy.
Sensing Attribute Weights: A Novel Basic Belief Assignment Method (2017)

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is widely used in many soft sensors data fusion systems on account of its good performance for handling the uncertainty information of soft sensors. However, how to determine basic belief assignment (BBA) is still an open issue. The existing methods to determine BBA do not consider the reliability of each attribute; at the same time, they cannot effectively determine BBA in the open world. In this paper, based on attribute weights, a novel method to determine BBA is proposed not only in the closed world, but also in the open world. The Gaussian model of each attribute is built using the training samples firstly. Second, the similarity between the test sample and the attribute model is measured based on the Gaussian membership functions. Then, the attribute weights are generated using the overlap degree among the classes. Finally, BBA is determined according to the sensed attribute weights. Several examples with small datasets show the validity of the proposed method.
Span Pointer Networks for Non-Autoregressive Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing (2021)

An effective recipe for building seq2seq, nonautoregressive, task-oriented parsers to map utterances to semantic frames proceeds in three steps: encoding an utterance x, predicting a frame's length |y|, and decoding a |y|sized frame with utterance and ontology tokens. Though empirically strong, these models are typically bottlenecked by length prediction, as even small inaccuracies change the syntactic and semantic characteristics of resulting frames. In our work, we propose span pointer networks, non-autoregressive parsers which shift the decoding task from text generation to span prediction; that is, when imputing utterance spans into frame slots, our model produces endpoints (e.g., [i, j]) as opposed to text (e.g., "6pm"). This natural quantization of the output space also provides consistency in the length prediction task, allowing our length predictor to be responsible for frame syntax and the decoder for frame syntax, creating a coarse-to-fine model. We evaluate our approach on several task-oriented semantic parsing datasets. Notably, we bridge the quality gap between non-autogressive and autoregressive parsers, achieving 87 EM on TOPv2 Furthermore, due to our more consistent gold frames, we show strong improvements in model generalization in both cross-domain and cross-lingual transfer in low-resource settings. Finally, due to our diminished output vocabulary, we observe 70% reduction in latency and 83% in memory at beam size 5 compared to prior nonautoregressive parsers.
Venous access in oncology and haematology patients: part one (2008)

Reliable and sustained venous access is imperative for the successful treatment of patients with malignant disease. Its institution is achieved by the proactive assessment of patients' venous access needs. Assessment tools may facilitate this process. This article presents a review of the literature on the three factors fundamental to assessment of patients' venous access needs: patient characteristics, treatment characteristics and available devices. This literature review contributed to the development of two venous access assessment tools that can be used by nurses: the adult Venous Assessment Tool (VAT) and the algorithm Deciding on IntraVenous Access (DIVA). They are presented in part two of this article, which will be published next week.
A phased ranking model for question answering (2013)

We describe a general result ranking approach for multi-phase, multi strategy information systems, which has been applied to the task of question answering (QA). Many information systems incorporate multiple steps and each step or phase may incorporate multiple component algorithms to achieve acceptable robustness and overall performance. Such systems may produce and rank a large number of candidate results. Prior work includes many models that rank a particular type of information object (e.g. a retrieved document, a factoid answer) using features specific to that information type, without attempting to make use of other non-local features (e.g. features of the upstream information source). We propose an approach that allows each phase in a system to leverage information propagated from preceding phases to inform the ranking decision. This is accomplished by a system object graph which represents all of the objects created during system execution, object dependencies (e.g. provenance), and ranking feature values extracted for a specific object. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed ranking approach in a multi-phase question answering system built by recombining pre-existing software modules. Experimental results show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms comparable answer ranking models.
Possessing and exercising virtues lead to good life (2015)

Extolling certain virtues and denouncing certain vices is an integral part of the moral fabric of\nall cultures. Virtues are those qualities in which it is desirable for a person to excel and vices\nare those qualities which it is desirable for a person to refrain from. Virtues are firm habits to\ndo what is right and good. It allows the person not only to perform good acts, but to give the\nbest himself. Aristotle conceived of virtues as those qualities the possession of which enabled\nan individual to achieve happiness that led to good life and the lack of which frustrated the\nperson’s movement towards this ultimate good. In his Nichomachean Ethics, he develops a\ntheory of the good life called Eudiamonia for humans. Aristotle definition of Eudaimonia is\nthe active life and the rational activity of the soul in accordance with virtue in a complete life.\nVirtues are universal and recognized by all cultures as basic qualities necessary for our well-\nbeing and happiness. Some of the important virtues are generosity, courage, temperance,\njustice, wisdom, love, kindness, discipline, fortitude, honesty, prudence, and so on. Because\nof these virtues or positive character traits, he or she is committed to doing the right thing no\nmatter what the personal cost, and does not bend to impulses, urges or desires, but acts\naccording to values and principles. These are the virtues, which lead humans to happiness and\na good life. Virtue is two-fold: Intellectual virtue and Moral virtue. Intellectual virtues have\nto be learned and moral virtues become part of us as a result of habit. People are praised for\ntheir virtuous actions and blamed for their non-virtuous actions. Hence, the external goods etc\nthough are ingredients of happiness, virtue is primary.
Microeconomic algorithms for load balancing in distributed computer systems (2003)

A novel approach to allocating and sharing communication and computational resources in a distributed system is described. The approach, which is based on concepts drawn from microeconomics, uses algorithms that are competitive rather than cooperative. The effectiveness of these concepts is demonstrated by describing an economy that improves the performance of a distributed system by implementing load balancing. In this economy, competition sets prices for the resources in the system. Jobs complete for the resources by issuing bids, and the resource allocation decisions are made through auctions held by the processors. The benefits of the method include limited complexity and algorithms that are intrinsically decentralized and modular. Simulation studies show that these economies achieve substantial performance benefits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2. Advance in the Management of Malignant Lymphoma: Encouragement of Learning about Lymphoma (2016)

(indolent) (follicular lymphomaFL)MALT () B (diffuse large B-cell lymphomaDLBCL) (highly aggressive) BurkittT (adult T-cell leukemialymphomaATL) 2) ( 1) / 113 th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Internal MedicineEducational Lecture2. Advance in the management of malignant lym-phomaencouragement of learning about lymphoma.
Total synthesis of gibberellic acid. A simple synthesis of a key intermediate (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of gibberellic acid. A simple synthesis of a key intermediateE. J. Corey and John E. MunroeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 22, 6129–6130Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00386a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00386a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2177Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electron Exchange-Polymers. II. Vinylhydroquinone Monomer and Polymer (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Exchange-Polymers. II. Vinylhydroquinone Monomer and PolymerIvor H. Updegraff and Harold G. CassidyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 2, 407–410Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01170a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01170a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The influence of colour scale in lesion detection and patient-based sensitivity in [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (2021)

Use of PET-rainbow was associated with improved lesion detection and sensitivity compared to hot-metal new, although at cost of reduced inter-rater agreement. Consequently, the use of PET-rainbow for clinical routine and future studies involving [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is recommended.
Efficient Virtualization-Based Fault Tolerance (2016)

Virtualization technology has been widely adopted to enable elastic IT infrastructure, with improved manageability and increased service reliability. Especially, virtualization technology could provide a unique benefit to protect any legacy application systems from hardware failures. The reliability of virtual machines running on virtualized servers is not only threatened by hardware failures beneath the whole virtual infrastructure, but also nosy hypervisors that essentially support virtual machines cannot be trusted. In this paper, a virtualization-based fault tolerance mechanism using epoch-based (checkpoint-based) synchronization is proposed, and several performance optimization technologies are applied including a non-stop/pipelined, continuously migration, dirty tracking for guest virtual memory/virtual device status, and eliminate data transfer between QEMU and KVM. The experimental results show that these optimizations have greatly saved the processor usage, synchronization bandwidth and have significantly improved VM network throughput and latency at the same time.
Medical Management of Uveitis - Current Trends (2013)

Uveitis is a challenging disease to treat. Corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of uveitis for many years. Immunosuppressives are gaining momentum in recent years in the treatment of uveitis. In this article we present an overview of current treatment of uveitis and the major breakthroughs and advances in drugs and ocular drug delivery systems in the treatment of uveitis.
Design of a hypertext power supply design guide (2002)

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used to drive user needs into a power supply design guide. These needs are met with a hypertext but are not met with a printed guide. Features, such as launching computer programs and semi-automatic documentation of the design, expand the concept of a design guide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorine-18 Radiochemistry, Labeling Strategies and Synthetic Routes (2014)

Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals in both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.7 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy), along with high specific activity and ease of large scale production, make it an attractive nuclide for radiochemical labeling and molecular imaging. Versatile chemistry including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions allows direct or indirect introduction of (18)F into molecules of interest. The significant increase in (18)F radiotracers for PET imaging accentuates the need for simple and efficient (18)F-labeling procedures. In this review, we will describe the current radiosynthesis routes and strategies for (18)F labeling of small molecules and biomolecules.
Fluid and fuel intake during exercise (2003)

The amounts of water, carbohydrate and salt that athletes are advised to ingest during exercise are based upon their effectiveness in attenuating both fatigue as well as illness due to hyperthermia, dehydration or hyperhydration. When possible, fluid should be ingested at rates that most closely match sweating rate. When that is not possible or practical or sufficiently ergogenic, some athletes might tolerate body water losses amounting to 2% of body weight without significant risk to physical well-being or performance when the environment is cold (e.g. 5-10 degrees C) or temperate (e.g. 21-22 degrees C). However, when exercising in a hot environment ( > 30 degrees C), dehydration by 2% of body weight impairs absolute power production and predisposes individuals to heat injury. Fluid should not be ingested at rates in excess of sweating rate and thus body water and weight should not increase during exercise. Fatigue can be reduced by adding carbohydrate to the fluids consumed so that 30-60 g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate are ingested throughout each hour of an athletic event. Furthermore, sodium should be included in fluids consumed during exercise lasting longer than 2 h or by individuals during any event that stimulates heavy sodium loss (more than 3-4 g of sodium). Athletes do not benefit by ingesting glycerol, amino acids or alleged precursors of neurotransmitter. Ingestion of other substances during exercise, with the possible exception of caffeine, is discouraged. Athletes will benefit the most by tailoring their individual needs for water, carbohydrate and salt to the specific challenges of their sport, especially considering the environment's impact on sweating and heat stress.