gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accommodating latecomers in shared window systems (1993)

The X Teleconferencing and Viewing (XTV) X-based shared window system, which accommodates conference latecomers by monitoring the communication channel between a conference application and the initial user's display manager and recording the X resources created by a shared application, is described. XTV creates copies of the resources on a latecomer's X server when he or she joins the conference. The recording scheme used in XTV keeps minimal-length logs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The cleavage of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, MITF, by caspases plays an essential role in melanocyte and melanoma cell apoptosis (2005)

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) M-form is a melanocyte-specific transcription factor that plays a key role in melanocyte development, survival, and differentiation. Here, we identified MITF as a new substrate of caspases and we characterized the cleavage site after Asp 345 in the C-terminal domain. We show that expression of a noncleavable form of MITF renders melanoma cells resistant to apoptotic stimuli, and we found that the C-terminal fragment generated upon caspase cleavage is endowed with a proapoptotic activity that sensitizes melanoma cells to death signals. The proapoptotic function gained by MITF following its processing by caspases provides a tissue-restricted means to modulate death in melanocyte and melanoma cells.
Cytotoxic effects of hexadecylphosphocholine in neoplastic cell lines including drug-resistant sublines in vitro. (1992)

Hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC) was tested in comparison with the membrane-toxic reference ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 for cytotoxic (trypan blue dye exclusion) and cytostatic/antiproliferative [( 3H]thymidine uptake) activity in six cell lines of human hematologic malignancies, six cell lines of human solid tumors and four drug-resistant sublines and their respective non-resistant parent lines in vitro. HPC showed time- and dose-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in almost all cell lines, including drug-resistant sublines over a dose range of 2-120 microM and after incubation times of 24, 48 and 72 h. However, ET-18-OCH3 showed a significantly higher activity than HPC, when both compounds were compared on an equimolar basis. The human tumor clonogenic assay confirmed these results. Furthermore, no cross-resistance for HPC with colchicine or methotrexate and partial cross-resistance for HPC with adriamycin was found in cell lines selected for drug resistance. In conclusion, HPC is cytotoxic for neoplastic cells of different histologies including drug-resistant sublines in vitro. Although its cytotoxicity starts at somewhat higher doses when compared to ET-18-OCH3, further testing as an experimental anticancer drug in vivo and comparative cytotoxicity studies with hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow are recommended.
Sequence to Sequence Modeling for User Simulation in Dialog Systems (2017)

User simulators are a principal offline method for training and evaluating human-computer dialog systems. In this paper, we examine simple sequence-to-sequence neural network architectures for training end-to-end, natural language to natural language, user simulators, using only raw logs of previous interactions without any additional human labelling. We compare the neural network-based simulators with a language model (LM)-based approach for creating natural language user simulators. Using both an automatic evaluation using LM perplexity and a human evaluation, we demonstrate that the sequence-to-sequence approaches outperform the LM-based method. We show correlation between LM perplexity and the human evaluation on this task, and discuss the benefits of different neural network architecture variations. — Example sessions that were generated when running the seq2seq user simulator models with Cortana.
Smart (in-home) power scheduling for demand response on the smart grid (2011)

This paper proposes a power scheduling-based communication protocol for in-home appliances connected over home area network and receiving real-time electricity prices via a smart meter. Specifically, a joint media access and appliance scheduling approach is developed to allow appliances to coordinate power usage so that total demand for the home is kept below a target value. Two types of appliances are considered: 1) “real-time” which consume power as they desire; and 2) “schedulable” which can be turned on at a later time. Simulation results indicate that for an appropriate target total power consumption, our scheme leads to a reduced peak demand for the home and produces a demand that is more level over time.
Hardness Enhancement and Crosslinking Mechanisms in Polystyrene Irradiated with High Energy Ion-Beams (1997)

Surface hardness values several times larger than steel were produced using high energy ion beams at several hundred keV to MeV. High LET is important for crosslinking. Crosslinking is studied by analyzing hardness variations in response to irradiation parameter such as ion species, energy, and fluence. Effective crosslinking radii at hardness saturation are derived base on experimental data for 350 keV H{sup +} and 1 MeV Ar{sup +} irradiation of polystyrene. Saturation value for surface hardness is about 20 GPa.
Pleural Mesothelial Cell Expression of C-C (Monocyte Chemotactic Peptide) and C-X-C (Interleukin 8) Chemokines (1995)

The arrival of inflammatory phagocytic cells, namely neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes, in the pleural space is a hallmark of pleural inflammation. It is probable that the temporal arrival of cells is mediated via the release of chemotactic cytokines by activated mesothelial cells. We hypothesized that human pleural mesothelial cells activated by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release cell-specific chemokines from the C-C and C-X-C family of chemokines, specifically monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and IL-8. We evaluated supernatants of stimulated mesothelial cells for biologic chemotactic activity for monocytes and neutrophils and quantitative antigenic protein levels for MCP-1 and IL-8. Expression of the proteins at mRNA level was tested via Northern blot analysis. We found that responses to LPS were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than control supernatants of unstimulated mesothelial cells. Responses to IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were significantly greater than those to LPS. Neutralization studies with specific rabbit anti-MCP-1 and IL-1 antibody demonstrated significant decreases in bioactivity for MCP-1 and IL-8, indicating that mesothelial cell-derived MCP-1 and IL-8 play a significant role in the chemotactic activity seen in stimulated mesothelial cell supernatants. On specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing, stimulated mesothelial cells produced significantly more MCP-1 and IL-8 when stimulated with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha as compared to LPS. mRNA expression for MCP-1 peaked within 2 to 4 h following stimulation and was noted as early as 1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spliceosome assembly in yeast. (1987)

Precursors to mRNA become substrates for splicing by being assembled into a complex multisubunit structure, the spliceosome. To study the assembly of the yeast spliceosome, intermediate complexes were separated by electrophoresis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. Four splicing-dependent complexes, A1, A2-1, A2-2, and B, were observed. The order of assembly of these complexes was determined to be B----A2-1----A1----A2-2. The assembly process can be blocked at complex A1 by addition of 5 mM EDTA or by carrying out the assembly process in heat-inactivated rna2 extracts. The snRNA composition of the complexes was determined by hybridization with probes for five yeast snRNAs. snR14 (U4) was only found in complex A2-1, snR6 (U6) and snR7 (U5) were in complexes A1, A2-1, and A2-2, whereas snR20 (U2) was in all four of the complexes. snR19 (U1) was not present in any of the complexes. Hybridization with these probes was also employed to detect snRNPs present in yeast splicing extracts. We found that snR6, snR7, and snR14 were present together in a large complex. This complex underwent an ATP-dependent dissociation to give snR7 and snR6-snR14 complexes. snR19 and snR20 are present in distinct RNPs but the mobility of these is not affected by ATP. A mechanism for spliceosome assembly is proposed.
Platelet Activation by Collagen Provides Sustained Release of Anabolic Cytokines (2011)

The level and rate of growth factor release depends on the selected platelet activator, a factor that should be considered when selecting a PRP system for a given application.
東北地方に野生する日本ハッカについて 第2報 一般形質と細胞遺伝学的分析 (1970)

東北6県と北関東の2県に野生日本ハッカの探索旅行を試み50点の試料を得た. その広汎な分布から,明治期に栽培された日本ハッカの逸出,野生化したものではなく,それ以前からの野生種であると判断された. 採集した野生日本ハッカには,2n=96の栄養系と2n=72の栄養系とがあった. 前者は探索旅行の全域に見出されたが,後者は,山形,福島県以南のみで採集された. 栽培日本ハッカ(2n=96)と類縁関係のあるのは前者であろう. 後者は,減数分裂の際の染色体の行動から,2n=96の野生日本ハッカと他種との種間雑種と考えられた. 他方の親としては,形態,染色体数,分布区域などを考慮して,M.japonica MAKINO(ヒメハッカ)と推定したが,なお疑問の余地がある. 育種的利用については,野生日本ハッカの一部栄養系に確認されたさび病抵抗性や早生性の栽培ハッカへの導入が考慮させるべきであろう。
63 IMPROVED IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER, IVF AND PARTHENOGENESIS (2004)

Porcine nuclear transfer (NT) is an inefficient process and it is necessary to use as many as 120 NT embryos for each foster mother to obtain small litters of live piglets. In these experiments, we evaluated the effects of culture atmosphere and medium on the development of NT embryos by monitoring blastocyst rate and cell number of Day 6 blastocysts. Age matched IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were also evaluated for comparison. For all experiments a pool of oocytes was aspirated from ovaries collected in a local abattoir. Following aspiration, oocytes were allowed to mature for 40 h in North Carolina State University (NCSU)-37 medium (supplemented with cAMP and hCG/eCG for the first 22 h). After removal of the cumulus cells, denuded oocytes with polar bodies were selected for NT, enucleated, fused with fetal fibroblasts, and sequentially activated electrically and chemically by 3 h of treatment with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). A second group of oocytes from the same denuded pool were maintained in TL-HEPES medium and activated in parallel with the NT group to produce parthenogenetic embryos. A third group was fertilized with frozen-thawed epididymal semen and co-cultured for ~12 h to give IVF embryos. All three treatment groups were subdivided into a control subgroup and an experimental subgroup. In the first experiment, we compared the effects of atmosphere (20% vs. 5% oxygen) on in vitro embryonic development in NCSU-23 medium. In the second experiment, we used only the 5% oxygen concentration and compared different culture media. One subgroup was maintained in standard NCSU-23 medium and the second subgroup was cultured in a two-step system for the first 58 h in modified NCSU-23 (without glucose but supplemented with 2.0 mM lactate and 0.2 mM pyruvate), followed by addition of glucose to give a final concentration of 5.55 mM. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and chi square test. Blastocyst rate and mean cell number in all three embryo groups were improved under 5% oxygen. The most dramatic effect was observed in the NT group, in which the blastocyst rate increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) from 6.7% ± 5.9 (n = 279) to 19.6% ± 8.9 (n = 250) and mean cell number increased from 17.7 ± 12.1 to 25.8 ± 10.3 cells per blastocyst. With 5% oxygen there was also an increase of blastocyst rates and mean cell numbers in both IVF and parthenogenetic groups. In the second experiment, blastocyst rate for NT embryos increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from 21.8% ± 7.6 (n = 242) in conventional NCSU-23 to 31.5% ± 11.0 (n = 271) in the modified system whereas there was almost no difference in the mean cell number of both groups (29.2 ± 4.3 vs. 31.5 ± 5.3). In the groups of IVF and parthenogenetic embryos no difference was found. These results indicate that both the reduced oxygen and the modified culture medium are important for pre-implantation development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos.
k-Nearest-Neighbour based Numerical Hand Posture Recognition using a Smart Textile Glove (2015)

In this article, the authors present an interdisciplinary project that illustrates the potential and challenges in dealing with electronic textiles as sensing devices. An interactive system consist ...
Angular dependence of ultrasonic wave propagation in a stressed, orthorhombic continuum: Theory and application to the measurement of stress and texture (1986)

A theory for ultrasonic wave propagation in a symmetry plane of a biaxially stressed, orthorhombic continuum is presented. Since many of the material parameters which appear in the analysis are unknown, in particular the third-order elastic constants of polycrystalline metals, emphasis is placed on the angular dependence of the velocities. An expansion to first order in stress-induced anisotropy and to second order in textural anisotropy reveals terms with twofold, fourfold, and sixfold symmetry. Scenarios are proposed for using various properties of this symmetry to deduce the difference in magnitude and directions of the principal stresses independent of textural anisotropy and the textural anisotropy independent of the stresses. Experimental results are presented for the cases of aluminum, 304 stainless steel, and copper.
Factors That Influence Formation of AlF[sub 3] Passive Film on Aluminum in Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes with LiPF[sub 6] (2006)

The passive film that forms on aluminum in 1:1 ethylene carbonate + ethylmethyl carbonate with 1.2M LiPF{sub 6} and 1:1 ethylene carbonate + dimethyl carbonate with 1.0M LiPF{sub 6} was investigated by a combination of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements (EQCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During anodic polarization of aluminum a film of AlF{sub 3} forms on top of the air-formed oxide, creating a duplex, or two-layered film. The thickness of the AlF{sub 3} increases with the applied potential. Independent measurements of film thickness by EQCM and EIS indicate that at a potential of 5.5V vs. Li/Li{sup +}, the thickness of the AlF{sub 3} is approximately 1 nm.
Methotrexate induces oxidative DNA damage and is selectively lethal to tumour cells with defects in the DNA mismatch repair gene <i>MSH2</i> (2009)

Mutations in the MSH2 gene predispose to a number of tumourigenic conditions, including hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). MSH2 encodes a protein in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway which is involved in the removal of mispairs originating during replication or from damaged DNA. To identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer arising from MMR deficiency, we screened a small molecule library encompassing previously utilized drugs and drug-like molecules to identify agents selectively lethal to cells lacking functional MSH2. This approach identified the drug methotrexate as being highly selective for cells with MSH2 deficiency. Methotrexate treatment caused the accumulation of potentially lethal 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) oxidative DNA lesions in both MSH2 deficient and proficient cells. In MSH2 proficient cells, these lesions were rapidly cleared, while in MSH2 deficient cells 8-OHdG lesions persisted, potentially explaining the selectivity of methotrexate. Short interfering (si)RNA mediated silencing of the target of methotrexate, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), was also selective for MSH2 deficiency and also caused an accumulation of 8-OHdG. This suggested that the ability of methotrexate to modulate folate synthesis via inhibition of DHFR, may explain MSH2 selectivity. Consistent with this hypothesis, addition of folic acid to culture media substantially rescued the lethal phenotype caused by methotrexate. While methotrexate has been used for many years as a cancer therapy, our observations suggest that this drug may have particular utility for the treatment of a subset of patients with tumours characterized by MSH2 mutations.
Columns for Complex Visual Object Features in the Inferotemporal Cortex: Clustering of Cells with Similar but Slightly Different Stimulus Selectivities (2002)

Cells in the inferotemporal cortex (area TE) selectively respond to complex visual object features and those that respond to similar features cluster in a columnar region elongated vertical to the cortical surface. What are the functional roles of the column structure in the inferotemporal cortex? Selectivity of cells within a column is similar but not identical. If we emphasize the similarity among cells within a column, we can regard the columns as units for description of object features. The variety of stimulus selectivity in a column may work as a tool to disregard subtle changes in input images when the system is directed to invariant recognition. Alternatively, if we emphasize the differences in selectivity of cells within a column, the columns can be compared to differential amplifiers, each of which represents variety within a group of features. The enormous number of objects present in nature can be efficiently described by combining outputs of the multiple differential amplifiers in the inferotemporal cortex. The two modes may work in parallel, with a graded balance changing according to the behavioral context. Determining whether or not these hypotheses are valid will require further studies.
Arginase regulates red blood cell nitric oxide synthase and export of cardioprotective nitric oxide bioactivity (2013)

The theory that red blood cells (RBCs) generate and release nitric oxide (NO)-like bioactivity has gained considerable interest. However, it remains unclear whether it can be produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which is present in RBCs, and whether NO can escape scavenging by hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that arginase reciprocally controls NO formation in RBCs by competition with eNOS for their common substrate arginine and that RBC-derived NO is functionally active following arginase blockade. We show that rodent and human RBCs contain functional arginase 1 and that pharmacological inhibition of arginase increases export of eNOS-derived nitrogen oxides from RBCs under basal conditions. The functional importance was tested in an ex vivo model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Inhibitors of arginase significantly improved postischemic functional recovery in rat hearts if administered in whole blood or with RBCs in plasma. By contrast, arginase inhibition did not improve postischemic recovery when administered with buffer solution or plasma alone. The protective effect of arginase inhibition was lost in the presence of a NOS inhibitor. Moreover, hearts from eNOS(-/-) mice were protected when the arginase inhibitor was given with blood from wild-type donors. In contrast, when hearts from wild-type mice were given blood from eNOS(-/-) mice, the arginase inhibitor failed to protect against ischemia-reperfusion. These results strongly support the notion that RBCs contain functional eNOS and release NO-like bioactivity. This process is under tight control by arginase 1 and is of functional importance during ischemia-reperfusion.
Application of Azoxystrobin for Control of Benomyl-Resistant <i>Guignardia citricarpa</i> on ‘Valencia’ Oranges in South Africa (2003)

Azoxystrobin was evaluated in replicated small-plot trials from 1995 to 1999 for control of citrus black spot (CBS) on 'Valencia' oranges caused by Guignardia citricarpa. Applications of different rates of tank mixes of azoxystrobin and mancozeb during the susceptible period from October to January were compared with an untreated control as well as the standard four applications of mancozeb with or without mineral oil (1.20 g a.i./liter + 0.5% [vol/vol]/liter and 1.60 g a.i./liter of water, respectively). Two applications of azoxystrobin in tank mixtures with mancozeb and mineral oil (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter) in mid-November and mid-January at rates of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 g a.i./liter controlled CBS by more than 98 to 99%, 99 to 100% and 95 to 98%, respectively. Concomitantly, where mineral oil was not added to the fungicide mixture, azoxystrobin and mancozeb resulted only in 73 to 95%, 74 to 93% and 92.2 to 92.3% CBS control, respectively. Tank mixtures of benomyl, mancozeb, and mineral oil reduced CBS by only 29%, which could be attributed to the presence of benomyl-resistant pathogen isolates in the experimental orchard. Azoxystrobin applied at rates of 0.05, 0.075, and 0.10 g a.i./liter in tank mixtures with mancozeb (1.2 g a.i./liter) and mineral oil (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter of water) or Agral 90 (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter of water) were equally effective, reducing CBS by more than 99%. When mineral oil was compared to different adjuvants in tank mixtures with azoxystrobin and mancozeb, only mineral oil resulted in 100% clean exportable fruit. There was no difference between Sunspray 6E and Bac oil when mixed with azoxystrobin and mancozeb on the degree of disease control. Furthermore, the concentration of mineral oil in water can be lowered from 0.5% (vol/vol)/liter of water to 0.3% (vol/vol)/liter of water without a loss in efficacy against CBS. It is therefore, recommended that azoxystrobin (0.075 g a.i./liter) must be applied in tank mixtures with mancozeb (1.2 g a.i./liter) and mineral oil, which can be applied at either 0.5% (vol/vol)/liter of water or 0.3% (vol/vol)/liter of water.
High temperature polymers. I.—Sulfone ether diamines as intermediates for tractable high temperature polymers (1974)

Abstract A useful synthesis of a series of new aromatic sulfone ether diamines, H 2 NC 6 H 4 O \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\hbox{---}\hskip-5pt[\ {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 4} {\rm SO}_{\rm 2} {\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 4} \hbox{--} {\rm ORO}\hbox{---}\hskip-5pt ]_n {\rm OC}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 4} {\rm SO}_{\rm 2} {\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 4} \hbox{---} {\rm OC}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 4} {\rm NH}_{\rm 2} $\end{document} , where n = 0, 1, 2…, which increases the tractability of polyimides, polyamide‐imides, and polyamides, was developed. These diamines were prepared by condensing various proportions of sodium p ‐aminophenate, sodium bisphenates, and dichlorodiphenyl sulfone. The synthetic procedures are now refined to the point where simply coagulating these diamines into water yields high purity polymer‐grade sulfone ether diamines. The latter have good tractability; and in some cases, it is possible to extrude and injection‐mold these high temperature polymers.
Concerted Activities of Distinct H4K20 Methyltransferases at DNA Double-Strand Breaks Regulate 53BP1 Nucleation and NHEJ-Directed Repair (2014)

Although selective binding of 53BP1 to dimethylated histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2) at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is a necessary and pivotal determinant of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-directed repair, the enzymes that generate H4K20me2 at DSBs were unclear. Here, we determined that the PR-Set7 monomethyltransferase (H4K20me1) regulates de novo H4K20 methylation at DSBs. Rapid recruitment of PR-Set7 to DSBs was dependent on the NHEJ Ku70 protein and necessary for NHEJ-directed repair. PR-Set7 monomethyltransferase activity was required, but insufficient, for H4K20me2 and 53BP1 nucleation at DSBs. We determined that PR-Set7-mediated H4K20me1 facilitates Suv4-20 methyltransferase recruitment and catalysis to generate H4K20me2 necessary for 53BP1 binding. The orchestrated and concerted activities of PR-Set7 and Suv4-20 were required for proficient 53BP1 nucleation and DSB repair. This report identifies PR-Set7 as an essential component of NHEJ and implicates PR-Set7 as a central determinant of NHEJ-directed repair early in mammalian DSB repair pathway choice.