gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogen-Responsive Expression of a Putative ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene Conferring Resistance to the Diterpenoid Sclareol Is Regulated by Multiple Defense Signaling Pathways in Arabidopsis (2003)

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are encoded by large gene families in plants. Although these proteins are potentially involved in a number of diverse plant processes, currently, very little is known about their actual functions. In this paper, through a cDNA microarray screening of anonymous cDNA clones from a subtractive library, we identified an Arabidopsis gene (AtPDR12) putatively encoding a member of the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily of ABC transporters. AtPDR12 displayed distinct induction profiles after inoculation of plants with compatible and incompatible fungal pathogens and treatments with salicylic acid, ethylene, or methyl jasmonate. Analysis of AtPDR12 expression in a number of Arabidopsis defense signaling mutants further revealed that salicylic acid accumulation, NPR1 function, and sensitivity to jasmonates and ethylene were all required for pathogen-responsive expression of AtPDR12. Germination assays using seeds from an AtPDR12 insertion line in the presence of sclareol resulted in lower germination rates and much stronger inhibition of root elongation in the AtPDR12 insertion line than in wild-type plants. These results suggest that AtPDR12 may be functionally related to the previously identified ABC transporters SpTUR2 and NpABC1, which transport sclareol. Our data also point to a potential role for terpenoids in the Arabidopsis defensive armory.
New results in NPID control: tracking, integral control, friction compensation and experimental results (2003)

NPID (nonlinear PID) control analysis and design methods are extended to tracking, and to systems with state feedback and integral control. Experimental results are presented showing improved tracking accuracy and friction compensation by NPID control.
MODEL VALIDATION FOR A COMPLEX JOINTED STRUCTURE (2000)

An overview of the modeling and validation of a complex engineering simulation performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is presented. The application discussed represents the highly transient response of an assembly with complex joints subjected to an impulsive load. The primary sources of nonlinearity were the contact mechanics. Several tests were conducted to assess the degree of experimental uncertainty, the variability of the geometry of the test article and its assembly procedures, and to provide reference data for model validation. After presenting the experiment and the corresponding numerical simulation, several issues of model validation are addressed. They include data reduction, feature extraction, design of computer experiments, statistical effects analysis, and model updating. It is shown how these tools can help the analyst gain confidence regarding the predictive quality of the simulation. 1
Fourier coefficient harmonic analyzer (1949)

THE SEPARATION of a complex curve into its constituent sine and cosine curves of proper amplitude and phase by means of a Fourier series analysis is well known, and this method is frequently used in many branches of engineering and mathematics. All who have ever made such an analysis know that the computation for the Fourier coefficients can be very tiresome and expensive from the point of view of time and effort.
The wavelet/scalar quantization compression standard for digital fingerprint images (2002)

A new digital image compression standard has been adopted by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation for use on digitized gray-scale fingerprint images. The algorithm is based on adaptive uniform scalar quantization of a discrete wavelet transform image decomposition and is referred to as the wavelet/scalar quantization standard. The standard produces archival quality images at compression ratios of around 20:1 and will allow the FBI to replace their current database of paper fingerprint cards with digital imagery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New results on surface transverse wave resonators built with different combinations of groove and strip gratings (2002)

Combined strip and groove grating have been studied for the fabrication of Surface Transverse Wave (STW) resonators. Recessed and protruding metal strip structure have been tested and used to build 200 and 500 MHz devices. Their main characteristics have been systematically measured to determine their evolution versus geometries of the gratings. Finally, the temperature sensitivity of these resonators has been measured and compared to theoretical predictions taking into account strip height or groove depth.
Empirical Performance of Alternative Option Pricing Models (1997)

ABSTRACT Substantial progress has been made in developing more realistic option pricing models. Empirically, however, it is not known whether and by how much each generalization improves option pricing and hedging. We fill this gap by first deriving an option model that allows volatility, interest rates and jumps to be stochastic. Using S&P 500 options, we examine several alternative models from three perspectives: (1) internal consistency of implied parameters/volatility with relevant time‐series data, (2) out‐of‐sample pricing, and (3) hedging. Overall, incorporating stochastic volatility and jumps is important for pricing and internal consistency. But for hedging, modeling stochastic volatility alone yields the best performance.
The preparation of semiconductor devices by lapping and diffusion techniques (1958)

A new approach to the fabrication of semiconductor devices has been investigated. This approach allows the processing of large semiconductor wafers to a point where they can be diced into numerous and identical devices. Lapping, instead of etching, is employed for all shaping of the units and the high degree of precision built into the lapping apparatus is passed on to all of the devices prepared. The approach is applicable to the fabrication of a great variety of semiconductor devices. Unipolar photounipolar as well as bipolar transistors and negative resistance devices have been fabricated. These devices exhibit superior electrical characteristics. Silicon power transistors have current transfer ratios in the 20-40 range and power gains from 30-40 db. Silicon unipolar transistors have transconductances in the neighborhood of 500 µmhos and input resistances of about 100 megohms, Silicon photounipolar transistors show a dc photo response of 2-20 amperes per lumen.
Thermodynamic properties of aliphatic halogen compounds. Part 2.—Heat capacity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1973)

Heat capacities of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the crystalline, liquid and vapour states in the temperature range 11 to 450 K, and enthalpies of phase transitions have been measured. A first-order crystal to crystal transition was observed at 243 K but there was no sign of the heat capacity anomaly at about 206 K, previously reported. Standard entropies, heat capacities in the ideal gas state, and second virial coefficients of the vapour have been calculated from the measured properties.
A 200Hz small range image sensor using a multi-spot laser projector (2008)

In this paper, a high-speed range image sensor using a multi-spot laser projector is constructed. Several high-speed range image sensors have been developed recently. Their sampling rate is around the video rate (30Hz or so) and a faster sensor is required. The proposed sensor has achieved 200Hz measurement. It consists of a commercially available laser projector and a high-speed CCD camera. The number of pixels is 361 and the measurement range is 800–2000mm. Although the acquired range image is sparse, the proposed sensor is thought to be adequate for several applications such as robot vision because of its high-speed imaging and compactness. Some characteristics such as measurement errors are discussed, and the effectiveness of the proposed sensor is verified by experiments.
Monolithic Catalysts for the Chemical Industry (2004)

Honeycomb-shaped monolithic catalysts are the standard catalyst shape in most environmental applications. In the processes of the chemical industry, however, their current use is very limited. In this paper, the current status of the monolith technology for applications in the chemical industry is reviewed. Application areas in which monolithic catalysts have superior performance characteristics are discussed. Especially pre- and postreactors as well as replacement concepts for slurry reactors are expected to have a very good near-term potential for application in commercial operations. In addition, it is expected that several adiabatic fixed-bed processes, especially those constrained by pressure drop or mass transfer, can benefit from the use of monolithic catalysts because of their excellent pressure drop to mass transfer ratio. A new and promising area for monoliths with a high thermal conductivity is their use in various gas-phase processes where multitubular reactors are employed.
The Electrochemistry of Gold: I The Redox Behaviour of the Metal in (1997)

Gold is frequently regarded as the ideal metal for the investigation of solid electrode behaviour, which in aqueous media is often considered in very simplistic terms as being that of a metal which is highly resistant to dissolution. Gold possesses very weak chemisorbing properties and an extensive double layer region that in the presence of most pure electrolytes is often assumed to be totally free of Faradaic behaviour, and exhibits a monolayer (or AUZ03) oxide formation/removal reaction at quite positive potentials. However, recent investigations have revealed that the electrochemistry of polycrystalline gold in aqueous solution is considerably more complex. Two significantly different types of oxide deposits, monolayer (or a) and hydrous (or ~), may be produced on the metal and the behaviour of the ~-deposit is quite unusual. It is suggested that not only the behaviour of the ~-oxide but, far more important from a practical viewpoint, the catalytic and electrocatalytic behaviour of gold (which will be discussed in more detail in Part II)' may be rationalized in terms of the active state (or states) of gold. This active state (frequently present only at very low coverage) reacts in a manner that is quite different from that ofstable gold. The nature of the active state of gold deserves far more attention than it has received to date. The importance of surface reactions was highlighted in a recent article by Sachtler (l) who pointed our that ca 17% of GNP in the US and ca 25% in the case of Germany are derived from materials produced by catalytic processes. Most of these processes involve heterogeneous catalysis of gas phase reactions on metal or oxide surfaces. The catalysis of electrode reactions is also important, eg ca 13 million tons (valued at ca 2.2 billion dollars) of chlorine gas (2) is produced annually in the US, largely with the aid of electro catalytically active dimensionally stable (Ru02/Ti02)/Ti) anodes. The potential in the electro catalysis field is also quite significant; for example, the development of effective electrocatalysts for the direct methanol/air fuel cell would revolutionise the transport industry. Compared with the internal combustion engine, widely used at present, fuel cells in general offer the prospect of more efficient, cleaner and less noisy energy conversion. Methanol is a much more easily stored fuel than hydrogen for use in mobile energy conversion systems and may, with the development of
The Effect of Mutations for Nutritional Requirements on the Pathogenicity of Two Pathogens of Rice (1964)

Since the loss or the reduction of pathogenicity of parasite due to the mutation for nutritional requirements was demonstrated by Garbed' and Boone et al.2' in plant pathogens, Erwinia aroidae and Venturia inaequalis respectively, several reports have been issued on the relationship between biosynthetic deficiencies and pathogenicity in various plant pathogens. This field of study, however, is still in its beginning stage.
Writing style for architectural synthesis (2002)

An encapsulated writing style of Verilog is described together with models for a corresponding scheduler and synthesizer. The method provides a middle ground between synthesis from behavioral specifications, which implies decisions too difficult for architectural synthesis, and synthesis from pure structural specifications, which necessitates providing full details of the controller and netlist. The input writing style is designed to be as concise as possible. This is done by the encapsulation of the functionality of major submodules, and implicit (inferred) control. In this way it is possible to describe complex functional architectures in an economical and transparent manner. This description can be transformed semi-automatically by steps through intermediate styles and eventually to a pure structural specification containing fall details of timing invocations and interconnections to appropriate controllers. At each stage after the first, the writing styles can be fully accessible to native Verilog simulators. The efficiency and economy of this style is demonstrated by a simulation of the well known DLX processor benchmark with full pipeline bypasses.
Ring opening of the [Au(CH2)2PPh2]2X4 (X = halogen) metallacycle. Cleavage of gold(III)-CH2 bonds (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing opening of the [Au(CH2)2PPh2]2X4 (X = halogen) metallacycle. Cleavage of gold(III)-CH2 bondsRaphael G. Raptis, John P. Fackler Jr., John D. Basil, and Douglas S. DudisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 15, 3072–3075Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00015a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00015a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of antireflection coatings on angled facet semiconductor laser amplifiers (1990)

An analysis of the modal reflectivity of antireflection coated semiconductor laser amplifiers is presented. The effect of an angle between the facet normal and the amplifier axis is shown to lead to less stringent tolerances on coating index and thickness, and reflectivities of less than 10−4 can be achieved with a 7° facet angle for TE and TM modes simultaneously.
The Biomechanics and Optimization of the Needle-Syringe System for Injecting Triamcinolone Acetonide into Keloids (2016)

<i>Purpose</i>. Injecting triamcinolone acetonide (TA) into a keloid is physically challenging due to the density of keloids. The purpose was to investigate the effects of various syringe and needle combinations on the injection force to determine the most ergonomic combination. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. A load cell was used to generate and measure the injection force. <i>Phase 1:</i> the injection force of 5 common syringes was measured by injecting water into air. The syringe that required the lowest injection force was evaluated with various needle gauges (25, 27, and 30 G) and lengths (16, 25, and 38 mm) by injecting TA (40 mg/mL) into air. The needle-syringe combination with the lowest injection force (CLIF) was deemed the most ergonomic combination. <i>Phase 2:</i> comparisons between the CLIF and a standard combination (SC) were performed by injecting TA into air and tap water into a keloid specimen. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and independent <i>t</i>-test were used. <i>Results</i>. Increasing the syringe caliber, injection speed, and needle gauge and length significantly increased the injection force (<i>p</i> value < 0.001). The SC required a maximum force of 40.0 N to inject water into keloid, compared to 25.0 N for the CLIF. Injecting TA into keloid using the SC would require an injection force that was 103.5% of the maximum force female thumbs could exert compared to 64.8% for the CLIF. ICC values were greater than 0.4. <i>Conclusions</i>. The 1 mL polycarbonate syringe with a 25 G, 16 mm needle (CLIF) was the most ergonomic combination. The SC required a substantial injection force, which may represent a physical challenge for female thumbs.
The Effects of Time Lag on Driving Performance and a Possible Mitigation (2010)

Fixed time lags within control systems are known to reduce the speed and accuracy of human-control actions. Further, the effects of variable time lags are not well-studied or understood but may exacerbate the negative effects associated with fixed time lags. Several studies have demonstrated mechanisms designed to combat the effects of time lag, which include adaptation, mathematical predictors and filters, and predictive displays. This experiment examined the effects of both fixed and variable time lag on a simulated-indirect-vision-driving task, as well as a possible mitigation (predictive display) for these effects. Results revealed that variable time lag significantly increased average lane offset more than fixed time lag, which indicates a decrease in driver accuracy. A predictive display significantly reduced lane offset and increased vehicle speed for both fixed and variable time lags. The predictive display also resulted in lower reports of operator workload. These results revealed the negative performance affects of variable time lag and demonstrated the utility of a predictive display to overcome the negative performance effects associated with fixed and variable time lags.
GROUT SUPPORTS BROOKLYN TUNNELING (1988)

At the Red Hook project in Brooklyn, microfine cement grout was injected from the surface to support underground tunneling. The hand-dug tunnel was built to connect to sewer pipes. Subsurface boring was chosen instead of cut and fill construction because locals didn’t want traffic relocated or possible damage to neighborhood buildings from de-watering. The grouting lent support to the soil. Tunneling was complicated by existing flushing pipe making it necessary to cross the top half of existing pipe. A comparison on U.S. and Japanese microfine cement grouts is presented and new applications of this relatively new product are discussed.
Localization of Functional Receptor Epitopes on the Structure of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Indicates a Conserved, Function-related Epitope Topography among Helical Cytokines (1995)

By rational mutagenesis, receptor-specific functional analysis, and visualization of complex formation in solution, we identified individual amino acid side chains involved specifically in the interaction of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) with CNTFR alpha and not with the beta-components, gp130 and LIFR. In the crystal structure, the side chains of these residues, which are located in helix A, the AB loop, helix B, and helix D, are surface accessible and are clustered in space, thus constituting an epitope for CNTFR alpha. By the same analysis, a partial epitope for gp130 was also identified on the surface of helix A that faces away from the alpha-epitope. Superposition of the CNTF and growth hormone structures showed that the location of these epitopes on CNTF is analogous to the location of the first and second receptor epitopes on the surface of growth hormone. Further comparison with proposed binding sites for alpha- and beta-receptors on interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor indicated that this epitope topology is conserved among helical cytokines. In each case, epitope I is utilized by the specificity-conferring component, whereas epitopes II and III are used by accessory components. Thus, in addition to a common fold, helical cytokines share a conserved order of receptor epitopes that is function related.
Effects of Compression, Staging, and Braid Angle on Braided Rope Seal Performance (1998)

This viewgraph presentation describes the effects of compression, staging and braid angle on braided rope seals. The contents include: 1) Test Fixture Schematics; 2) Comparison of Hybrid Seal Braid Architecture; 3) Residual Interference After Compression Cycling; 4) Effect of Compression, Braid, and Staging on Seal Flow; 5) Effect of Staging on Seal Pressure Drop; 6) Three Stag Seal Durability; 7) P&W Turbine Vane Seal Requirements; and 8) Next Generation Fighter F-22 P&W F119 Engines.
Planar waveguide lasers by proton implantation in Nd:YAG crystals (2004)

The performance of CW Nd:YAG waveguide lasers operating at 1.06 microm at room temperature is described. The waveguides were fabricated by proton implantation and the main differences in the process of fabrication were the angle of implantation and the total dose implanted. The characterization of the waveguide refractive index profile induced by proton implantation and the main laser characteristics i.e., slope efficiency and threshold are presented.
Improved microscopic identification of <b> <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> </b> subsp. <b> <i>sepedonicus</i> </b> cells by combining <b> <i>in situ</i> </b> hybridization with immunofluorescence (1997)

An oligonucleotide probe was selected from the 16S rRNA gene of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus for specific in situ hybridization. The rhodamine-labelled oligonucleotide probe was used in conjunction with an indirect immunofluorescence procedure based on a specific monoclonal antibody detected with a fluorescein-labelled conjugate. Simultaneous labelling of bacterial cells with the oligonucleotide and antibody probes allows accurate microscopic identification of single cells when isolation and other methods of confirming bacterial identity are not possible.
Reservation based Resource Management for SDN-based UE Cloud (2016)

Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth of mobile devices, mobile cloud computing services offered by these devices and the remote clouds behind them.In this paper, we noticed ultra-low latency service, as a type of mobile cloud computing service, requires extremely short delay constraints.Hence, such delay-sensitive applications should be satisfied with strong QoS guarantee.Existing solutions regarding this problem have poor performance in terms of throughput.In this paper, we propose an end-to-end bandwidth resource reservation via software defined scheduling inspired by the famous SDN framework.The main contribution of this paper is the end-to-end resource reservation and flow scheduling algorithm, which always gives priority to delay sensitive flows.Simulation results confirm the advantage of the proposed solution, which improves the average throughput of ultra-low latency flows.