gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemotaxis in a lymphocyte cell line transfected with C-C chemokine receptor 2B: Evidence that directed migration is mediated by βγ dimers released by activation of G<sub>αi</sub>-coupled receptors (1997)

Chemotaxis is mediated by activation of seven-transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptors, but the signal transduction pathways leading to chemotaxis are poorly understood. To identify G proteins that signal the directed migration of cells, we stably transfected a lymphocyte cell line (300-19) with G protein-coupled receptors that couple exclusively to Galphaq (the m3 muscarinic receptor), Galphai (the kappa-opioid receptor), and Galphas (the beta-adrenergic receptor), as well as the human thrombin receptor (PAR-1) and the C-C chemokine receptor 2B. Cells expressing receptors that coupled to Galphai, but not to Galphaq or Galphas, migrated in response to a concentration gradient of the appropriate agonist. Overexpression of Galpha transducin, which binds to and inactivates free Gbetagamma dimers, completely blocked chemotaxis although having little or no effect on intracellular calcium mobilization or other measures of cell signaling. The identification of Gbetagamma dimers as a crucial intermediate in the chemotaxis signaling pathway provides further evidence that chemotaxis of mammalian cells has important similarities to polarized responses in yeast. We conclude that chemotaxis is dependent on activation of Galphai and the release of Gbetagamma dimers, and that Galphai-coupled receptors not traditionally associated with chemotaxis can mediate directed migration when they are expressed in hematopoietic cells.
Analysis and Simulation for Spectrum Aggregation in LTE-Advanced System (2009)

Spectrum aggregation (SA) is one of the potential LTE advanced technologies. The analysis and simulation for SA in LTE-Advanced system are addressed in this paper. We first analyze the system model of SA, and propose some evaluation methodologies for SA. Then the schedulers for SA with joint queue and disjoint queue are proposed. Finally, different traffic models are considered in the system level simulation to evaluate the performance gain of spectrum aggregation over deploying independent carriers on the eNode-B. The simulation results show that the SA technology can enhance the throughput, fairness and latency performance in LTE-Advanced system comparing with independent carrier scenario for different traffic models.
HCl oxidation conditions for stacking-fault nuclei gettering and for silicon etching (1978)

HCl addition to an oxidiing ambient during thermal oxidation of silicon can prevent the generation of oxidation-induced stacking faults in the crystal during the subsequent standard thermal-oxidation cycles. The gettering action of stacking-fault nuclei from the surface regions of the silicon wafers is induced under appropriate HCl oxidation conditions (temperatures, times, and HCl concentrations). Conditions for an undesirable etching of the silicon surface are also presented. These two phenomena presumably occur when certain concentrations of a chlorine species are incorporated near the silicon–silicon dioxide interface.
Synthesis of TiN thin films from titanium imido complexes (2002)

Thin films have been formed on glass by low pressure chemical vapour deposition from eleven closely related single-source precursors of generic form [TiCl2(NR)(L)x] (where x = 1, L = tridentate N-ligand; x = 2, 3, L = monodentate N-ligand). Most of the precursors formed titanium nitride films, however, bulkier imido complexes and those with chelating ligands tended to produce thin films with significant oxygen and carbon contamination, suggesting incomplete decomposition and post reaction oxidation. The best single-source precursor was found to be [TiCl2(NtBu)(py)3], which gave gold-coloured films of stoichiometric TiN1.0. Despite the coordination environment around the metal being essentially the same and the materials having comparable volatility, significant differences in film quality were observed.
Identification of the DNA sequences encoding the large subunit of the mRNA-capping enzyme of vaccinia virus (1984)

The DNA sequences encoding the large subunit of the mRNA-capping enzyme of vaccinia virus were located on the viral genome. The formation of an enzyme-guanylate covalent intermediate labeled with [alpha-32P]GTP allowed the identification of the large subunit of the capping enzyme and was used to monitor the appearance of the enzyme during the infectious cycle. This assay confirmed that after vaccinia infection, a novel 84,000-molecular-weight polypeptide corresponding to the large subunit was rapidly synthesized before viral DNA replication. Hybrid-selected cell-free translation of early viral mRNA established that vaccinia virus encoded a polypeptide identical in molecular weight with the 32P-labeled 84,000-molecular-weight polypeptide found in vaccinia virions. Like the authentic capping enzyme, this virus-encoded cell-free translation product bound specifically to DNA-cellulose. A comparison of the partial proteolytic digestion fragments generated by V8 protease, chymotrypsin, and trypsin demonstrated that the 32P-labeled large subunit and the [35S]methionine-labeled cell-free translation product were identical. The mRNA encoding the large subunit of the capping enzyme was located 3.1 kilobase pairs to the left of the HindIII D restriction fragment of the vaccinia genome. Furthermore, the mRNA was determined to be 3.0 kilobases in size, and its 5' and 3' termini were precisely located by S1 nuclease analysis.
The olfactory bulbs in Alzheimer's disease. (1984)

The olfactory bulbs have been examined in patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared with those in elderly undemented and younger undemented control patients. In Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tangles were found in the anterior olfactory nucleus but not elsewhere in the olfactory bulb. Cell loss in the anterior olfactory nucleus was also found in Alzheimer's disease. It is clear that the olfactory sensory pathway is pathologically affected in Alzheimer's disease and would merit further study.
Selective reduction via enolate protection (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reduction via enolate protectionGeorge A. Kraus and Kevin FrazierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 21, 4262–4263Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01309a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01309a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views517Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microbially Treated Peat-Cellulose Fabric as a Biodegradable Oil-Collection Cloth (2006)

The aim of this work was to study the use of a fully biodegradable peat-cellulose fabric as a first aid in collecting and removing spilled oil. The fabric itself was made from entirely biodegradable natural components. Another aspect investigated was whether drying microbial suspension--specifically enriched for the degradation of oil hydrocarbons while maintaining a high survival rate and rapid initial growth--to the fabric would improve the degradation of absorbed oil along with the fabric. The results show that the oil absorption capacity of the biodegradable fabric was comparable to commercial products, and that the oil absorbed to the fabric degraded readily when incubated at various conditions. The microbial inoculum enhanced the degradation rate to some degree in sand, but in garden soil no significant difference existed. It was concluded that an oily fabric can be disposed of by biodegradation, e.g., by composting, but that a microbial inoculum is not essential for this purpose.
Stepwise Synthesis and Coordination Compound of an Inorganic Cryptand (2007)

Modeled on organics: The inorganic cryptand [P2{O(SiiPr2)2}2{SiMe2(OSiMe2)2}] (see figure; C black, O orange, P red, Si blue) can be synthesized by a stepwise lithiation/silylation process. A first coordination compound of this ligand was obtained from its reaction with Li[Al(ORF)4].
R Factors from Proteus rettgeri (1972)

SUMMARY: Of 12 R factors transferred from wild strains of Proteus rettgeri to Escherichia coli K12, all were fi - Five were of the N-compatibility group; three belonged to a newly defined group T, of which Rts1 is the prototype; one belonged to group W. The other three constituted at least one compatibility group, not previously described. The replication of two of the T plasmids, like that of Rts1, was temperature sensitive. This set of R factors is significantly different from those derived from bacteria of other genera.
Molecular Modelling of Antibody Combining Sites (1990)

Antibodies are capable of high specificity interactions with a virtually infinite range of substrates (antigens). This property has lead to a number of scientific and medical applications. The extreme variability is essentially confined to 6 hypervariable loops or 'CDRs' which constitute the antigen combining site. To make intelligent modifications to antibody affinity and specificity, by methods such as site directed mutagenesis, requires an understanding of the relationship between primary sequence and three dimensional structure of the combining site. A new 'combined algorithm' which makes use of both knowledge-based and ab initio (conformational search) modelling approaches is presented. It is routinely and reliably able to predict the conformation of all six CDRs and requires no arbitrary decisions by the user. All known protein structures are searched for loops of conformation similar to known antibody structures. These are positioned onto the conserved framework and the loops are processed into a form suitable for conformational search using the program CONGEN (Bruccoleri and Karplus, Macromolecules 18(1985),2767--2773). The midsection of each loop is deleted and reconstructed by conformational search. The conformations generated are screened using a solvent-modified potential and, from the low energy conformations, a final choice is made on the basis of structurally determining residues. The method presented provides a route by which to model modifications to known antibody structures or to model complete antibody combining sites - either in combination with other less computer intensive methods, or alone. The procedure has been tested by the individual modelling of the 6 CDR's of two antibodies, in the presence of the crystal structure of the other 5 loops. In addition, it has been applied to modelling CDR's which are difficult to model by other methods and to the construction of a complete antibody combining site. In all cases the algorithm performed very well.
Low-complexity digital filter structures and characteristics using orthogonal transforms (2002)

This paper discusses recursive implementation of sinusoidal discrete orthogonal transforms which allow the transform coefficients to be updated each clock cycle. Recursive filters designed through the discrete Hartley, cosine and sine transforms (DHT, DCT and DST respectively) are used for the discussions. Low-complexity structures, the number of delays, multipliers and adders required are given and discussed in detail. We show that the designs involving the DCT and DST manifest a coupling which, when removed, gives DCT, DST and DHT filters efficiently via one design procedure. We also show how the DHT filters are generated by summing the outputs of DCT and DST filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toxine als Werkzeuge in der Neurochemie (1995)

Abstract Neurotoxine entstanden während der Evolution als Moleküle, die spezifisch gegen wichtige Moleküle des Nervensystems gerichtet sind. Wegen ihrer Selektivität werden sie in der Forschung als Sonden zum Auffinden und zum Charakterisieren von Schlüsselproteinen der Nervenzelle verwendet. Ionenkanäle, die an der Weiterleitung von Nervenimpulsen beteiligt sind, Proteine der präsynaptischen Transmitterausschüttung und vor allem Neurotransmitterrezeptoren wurden und werden noch immer, in Einzelfällen bis zur Charakterisierung auf atomarer Ebene, durch eine Kombination der Werkzeuge Neurotoxine, Molekularbiologie und Patch‐clamp‐Elektrophysiologie analysiert. In dieser Übersicht wird eine Auswahl derartiger Toxine vorgestellt und in Beziehung zu ihren molekularen Wirkorten im Nervensystem gesetzt. Einer der Schwerpunkte liegt dabei auf dem kürzlich erzielten Durchbruch bei der Erforschung des Wirkungsmechanismus von Tetanus‐ und Botulinustoxin; ein weiterer auf Neurotoxinen, die vom Pflanzenalkaloid Strychnin bis zu den Peptidtoxinen bestimmter Giftschlangen reichen und die die Isolierung und die Beschreibung von Liganden‐regulierten Ionenkanälen wie dem Glycin‐ und dem nicotinischen Acetylcholinrezeptor ermöglichten.
Simple Selection Criteria for Drug-like Chemical Matter (2001)

A simple pharmacophore point filter has been developed that discriminates between drug-like and nondrug-like chemical matter. It is based on the observation that nondrugs are often underfunctionalized. Therefore, a minimum count of well-defined pharmacophore points is required to pass the filter. The application of the filter results in 66-69% of subsets of the MDDR database to be classified as drug-like. Furthermore, 61-68% of subsets of the CMC database are classified as drug-like. In contrast, only 36% of the ACD are found to be drug-like. While these results are not quite as good as those obtained with recently described neural net approaches, the method used here has clear advantages. In contrast to a neural net approach and also in contrast to decision tree methods described recently, the pharmacophore filter has been developed by using "chemical wisdom" that is unbiased from fitting the structural content of specific drug databases to prediction models. Similar to decision tree methods, the pharmacophore point filter provides a detailed structural reason for the classification of each molecule as drug or nondrug. The pharmacophore point filter results are compared to neural net filter results. A statistically significant overlap between compounds recognized as drug-like validates both approaches. The pharmacophore point filter complements neural net approaches as well as property profiling approaches used as drug-likeness filters in compound library analysis and design.
New Pincer-Type Diphosphinito (POCOP) Complexes of Nickel (2007)

This report describes the synthesis, characterization, and reactivities of a new series of pincer-type nickel complexes based on the diphosphinito (POCOP) ligands 1,3-(i-Pr2PO)2C6H4, 1, and (i-Pr2POCH2)2CH2, 2. Reacting these ligands with (THF)1.5NiCl2, (THF)2NiBr2, or (CH3CN)nNiX2 (X = Br, n = 2; I, n = 3) gives pincer-type complexes by metalation of the central carbon atom. The yields of these (POCOP)NiX complexes vary with the type of ligand and Ni precursor used, as well as the reaction conditions. In general, the aromatic ligand 1 was metalated more readily to give excellent yields of the pincer complexes {2,6-(i-Pr2PO)2C6H3}NiX (X = Cl, 1a, 85% yield; X = Br, 1b, 95% yield; X = I, 1c, 85% yield), especially when the reaction mixture was heated to 60 °C for 1 h in the presence of 1 equiv of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The analogous reactions of ligand 2 were more sluggish and required refluxing in toluene to give {(i-Pr2POCH2)2CH}NiX (X = Cl, 2a, 33% yield; X = Br, 2b, 93% yield; X = I, 2c, 70% yield). Displacement of Br from 1b and 2b by Ag(O3SCF3), acetonitrile, or acrylonitrile gave, respectively, the neutral Ni−O3SCF3 derivatives 1d and 2d and the cationic adducts of CH3CN (1e and 2e) and CH2CHCN (1f and 2f). Reacting 1b with MeMgCl or EtMgCl gave the corresponding Ni−alkyl derivatives 1g and 1h, respectively, whereas alkylation of complexes 2a−c was unsuccessful. The POCsp3OP-based complexes 2a and 2b could be oxidized to paramagnetic, 17-electron species {(i-Pr2POCH2)2CH}NiIIIX2 (X = Cl, 2i; Br, 2j). Solid-state structures are reported for Ni−halide derivatives, the neutral complexes 2d, 1g, and 1h, the cationic adduct 1e, and the Ni(III) derivative 2i. The cationic acrylonitrile derivative 1f promotes the Michael addition of morpholine, cyclohexyl amine, or aniline to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, or crotonitrile, whereas the paramagnetic NiIII complex 2j promotes the addition of CCl4 to methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, 4-methylstyrene, acrolein, and acrylonitrile (Kharasch reaction).
Plasma free fatty acid profiling in a fish oil human intervention study using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2008)

A rapid method was developed for the simultaneous profiling of 29 free fatty acids in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS/MS). Barium acetate was used as the cationization agent in the positive ion mode for sensitive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiments. The cis- and trans-C18:1 and -C18:2 isomers were baseline-separated using two tandem reversed-phase C18 UPLC columns, while identification of two pairs of positional isomers of C18:3 and C20:3 required isomer-specific product ions, as the analytes were not chromatographically resolved. The assay linearity was greater than three orders of magnitude and correlation coefficients were >0.99; the limits of detections were typically less than 0.2 microM. The method was successfully applied to plasma free fatty acid profiling of samples from volunteers who participated in a randomized crossover study involving the administration of either placebo or fish oil capsules. The results clearly indicate the ability to measure the time profiles of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma for the volunteers given fish oil capsules while the concentrations of the other free fatty acids and the total free fatty acid concentration in plasma remained virtually constant.
ProNGF induces TNFα-dependent death of retinal ganglion cells through a p75 <sup>NTR</sup> non-cell-autonomous signaling pathway (2010)

Neurotrophin binding to the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) activates neuronal apoptosis following adult central nervous system injury, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that the proform of nerve growth factor (proNGF) induces death of retinal ganglion cells in adult rodents via a p75(NTR)-dependent signaling mechanism. Expression of p75(NTR) in the adult retina is confined to Müller glial cells; therefore we tested the hypothesis that proNGF activates a non-cell-autonomous signaling pathway to induce retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Consistent with this, we show that proNGF induced robust expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in Müller cells and that genetic or biochemical ablation of TNFalpha blocked proNGF-induced death of retinal neurons. Mice rendered null for p75(NTR), its coreceptor sortilin, or the adaptor protein NRAGE were defective in proNGF-induced glial TNFalpha production and did not undergo proNGF-induced retinal ganglion cell death. We conclude that proNGF activates a non-cell-autonomous signaling pathway that causes TNFalpha-dependent death of retinal neurons in vivo.
Low-threshold GRIN-SCH GaAs/GaAlAs laser structure grown by OM VPE (1982)

The letter describes the characteristics of a graded-refractive-index (GRIN) separate-confinement-heterostructure (SCH) laser grown by organometallic vapour-phase-epitaxy (OM VPE). The structure has an average threshold current density of 410 A cm−2 for a chip size (190 μm × 392 μm) which decreases to 260 A cm−2 for a cavity length of 1352 μm. The structure has a T0 of between 154 and 171 K and an internal quantum efficiency of 90% ± 10%.
Impairment of brain vessels may contribute to mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease (2012)

This study provides evidence that comorbid atherosclerosis and otherwise subclinical impairment of brain vessels may contribute to mortality in PD. The vascular pathology may act in association with other comorbidities on the terrain of progressive neurodegenerative pathology.
Cognitive neural prosthetics: brain machine interfaces based in parietal cortex (2005)

Systems neuroscience has recently emerged as an applied field in the form of neural prosthetic development. This integration of empirical systems neuroscience with engineering in order to develop functional interfaces between external devices and the brain has not only been beneficial in its applied goal, but has resulted in observations of scientific interest. The body of work presented here demonstrates the efficacy of two varieties of brain machine interfaces (BMIs) based in Parietal Cortex. The first using information about intended reaches present in action potentials, the second using local field potentials (LFPs). Both studies were predicated and succeeded with offline analyses demonstrating feasibility and novel insight to the function and neural coding properties of Parietal Cortex. We found that using BMIs resulted in adaptive change which tended to improve performance. LFPs, though less successful than spikes for BMI control under these experimental conditions, appear to have a multiplexing of different types of information that might aid in BMIs as well as providing a different way of looking at the neural processing. A preliminary exploration of relative timing of spikes and LFPs might result in some of the adaptive properties observed during BMI use via spike timing dependent plasticity concludes the research presented here.