gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEQUENTIAL TURBOCHARGING OF THE MTU 1163 ENGINE (1988)

The 1163 engine series is the largest in MTU's range. The latest design incorporates a two-stage 'sequential' turbocharging system with multiple turbocharger groups mounted on the engine that are switched in and out of operation depending on engine power and speed demand. This new development has yielded a power increase of over 40% as a result of increasing the break mean effective pressure from approximately 21 bar to 30 bar. In addition, the engine operating range was greatly expanded with advantages in performance and fuel consumption, particularly in the part-load condition. Such engines are almost exclusively used for the propulsion of fast vessels where power/weight and power/bulk ratios are of prime importance. The power/weight ratio has been increased by approximately 18%, even though overall engine dimensions have actually been decreased by the compactness of the new turbocharging system. The design and development of the 1163 series sequential turbocharging system and its impact on the design of marine propulsion systems are described.
Interferometric back focal plane microellipsometry (1998)

We present a technique for ellipsometric analysis of materials with high lateral resolution. A Michelson-type phase-shifting interferometer measures the phase distribution in the back focal plane of a high numerical aperture objective. Local measurements of the ellipsometric parameter delta are performed over the entire spectrum of angles of incidence. We show that delta is to leading order linearly proportional to the phase change on reflection of normally incident light. We furthermore invert the Fresnel reflection equations and derive expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index as functions of the phase change on reflection and the reflectivity at normal incidence, both of which are measurable with the same apparatus. Hence we accomplish local measurements of the refractive indices of our samples. Determination of the phase change on reflection permits correction of interferometric topography measurements of heterogeneous specimens.
Microstructural Characterization of Plasticized Starch-Based Films (2000)

Edible films were developed using different starch sources (corn starch and amylomaize). Starch suspensions were cold gelatinized with NaOH; either glycerol or sorbitol were used as plasticizer. Films were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and gas (CO2 and O2) permeabilities. SEM observations showed that plasticizer addition was necessary for film integrity. The evaluation of film formation by DSC indicated that cold gelatinization was the main factor of thermal transitions. Film crystallinity was analyzed by DSC and X-ray diffraction during storage. For all tested formulations, film crystallinity increased while gas permeability decreased during storage. Films containing glycerol or sorbitol showed a lower crystalline/amorphous ratio by X-ray diffraction and DSC than unplasticized films. Amylomaize films with higher crystalline/amorphous ratio gave lower gas permeabilities than the corresponding corn starch films; films containing sorbitol showed lower permeability values than those containing glycerol.
Adhesion-dependent signalling and the initiation of haemostasis and thrombosis. (1998)

Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion are critical aspects of platelet function, regulating interactions between circulating platelets in the bloodstream with the blood vessel wall. In haemostasis, platelets adhere to the subendothelial matrix of a damaged vessel, spread over the surface and recruit additional platelets within a developing platelet aggregate or thrombus. In addition to this normal physiological response, platelet adhesion is critical in the pathological process of thrombosis, where circulating platelets adhere to sclerotic lesions or undergo shear-induced aggregation within vessels occluded by atherosclerotic plaque. Under these circumstances, the resulting thrombus may result in acute myocardial infarction or stroke. Each stage of platelet adhesion and aggregation in haemostasis and thrombosis is regulated by specific cell surface adhesion receptors. Interestingly, most of the adhesive receptors studied in detail have been found not only to regulate contact adhesion, but also to transduce intracellular signals that activate the cell, initiate post-adhesion cellular events, and regulate the adhesive function of other receptors. Platelet activation triggers the cytoskeletal rearrangements that control cell shape change, spreading, secretion, aggregation and contraction. This review will focus on adhesion-dependent signalling induced by the platelet surface receptor, the glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex, that initiates thrombus formation in both haemostasis and thrombosis under conditions of high shear blood flow. Emerging evidence suggests GP Ib-IX-V-dependent signalling may involve receptor cross-linking and the cytoplasmic signalling protein, 14-3-3 zeta.
Functional characterization of a Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐activated non‐selective cation channel in human atrial cardiomyocytes (2004)

Cardiac arrhythmias, which occur in a wide variety of conditions where intracellular calcium is increased, have been attributed to the activation of a transient inward current (Iti). Iti is the result of three different [Ca]i-sensitive currents: the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange current, a Ca(2+)-activated chloride current and a Ca(2+)-activated non-selective cationic current. Using the cell-free configuration of the patch-clamp technique, we have characterized the properties of a Ca(2+)-activated non-selective cation channel (NSC(Ca)) in freshly dissociated human atrial cardiomyocytes. In excised inside-out patches, the channel presented a linear I-V relationship with a conductance of 19 +/- 0.4 pS. It discriminated poorly among monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) and was slightly permeable to Ca2+ ions. The channel's open probability was increased by depolarization and a rise in internal calcium, for which the Kd for [Ca2+]i was 20.8 microM. Channel activity was reduced in the presence of 0.5 mM ATP or 10 microM glibenclamide on the cytoplasmic side to 22.1 +/- 16.8 and 28.5 +/- 8.6%, respectively, of control. It was also inhibited by 0.1 mM flufenamic acid. The channel shares several properties with TRPM4b and TRPM5, two members of the 'TRP melastatin' subfamily. In conclusion, the NSC(Ca) channel is a serious candidate to support the delayed after-depolarizations observed in [Ca2+] overload and thus may be implicated in the genesis of arrhythmias.
Accents of English: Beyond The British Isles (1982)

Accents of English is about the way English is pronounced by different people in different places. Volume 1 provides a synthesizing introduction, which shows how accents vary not only geographically, but also with social class, formality, sex and age; and in volumes 2 and 3 the author examines in greater depth the various accents used by people who speak English as their mother tongue: the accents of the regions of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland (volume 2), and of the USA, Canada, the West Indies, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Black Africa and the Far East ( volume 3). Each volume can be read independently, and together they form a major scholarly survey, of considerable originality, which not only includes descriptions of hitherto neglected accents, but also examines the implications for phonological theory. Readers will find the answers to many questions: Who makes 'good' rhyme with 'mood'? Which accents have no voiced sibilants? How is a Canadian accent different from an American one, a New Zealand one from an Australian one, a Jamaican one from a Barbadian one? What are the historical reasons for British-American pronunciation differences? What sound changes are currently in progress in New York, in London, in Edinburgh? Dr Wells his written principally for students of linguistics, phonetics and English language, but the motivated general reader will also find the study both fascinating and rewarding.
Osteopontin inhibits nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity by activated RAW264.7 macrophages (1996)

Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted acidic phosphoglycoprotein found in many tissues and body fluids, is produced in increased amounts in response to certain infections and after malignant transformation. In this study we examined the action of OPN on macrophage cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. A human OPN cDNA was cloned into the bacteriophage T7-based vector, pET8C, and the encoded protein purified from an induced culture of Escherichia coli carrying the plasmid. Recombinant OPN inhibited NO production by macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma. OPN also inhibited the cytolytic activity of the activated macrophages toward NO-sensitive P815 mastocytoma cells, an action that was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Inhibition of NO production correlated with an OPN-dependent decrease in the abundance of inducible NO synthase mRNA. The shape of the dose-response curve, with a maximal effect over a narrow range of OPN concentrations, suggested a complex interaction of OPN with cell surface receptors. Our data support the hypothesis that tumor-cell-derived OPN functions to protect the tumor cells from macrophage-mediated destruction.
Application of textured highly alloyed Ni–W tapes for preparing coated conductor architectures (2010)

An epitaxial Y2O3/YSZ/CeO2 buffer architecture has been prepared on cube textured Ni–5 at.%W, Ni–7.5 at.%W and Ni–9 at.%W tapes using pulsed laser deposition. The buffer layer growth was studied in detail and revealed a good texture transfer throughout the structure on the global as well as on the local scale. YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide) layers were successfully deposited on the buffered tapes, showing an in-plane texture spread of about 7°. Microstructural investigations revealed clear interfaces and a homogeneous surface structure. A superconducting transition temperature of more than 89 K with a small transition width was observed for all metal substrates. A critical current density Jc of more than 0.9 MA cm − 2 was measured inductively at 77 K in the self-field on all substrates.
Dynamic Evaluation of a Digital Wireless Intracranial Pressure Sensor for the Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Swine Model (2012)

The monitoring and control of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) are the major requirements for the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) or hydrocephalus. Widely used commercially available ICP measuring devices require the use of a tethered fiber optic probe, which can cause complications, such as infection and hemorrhage. The use of a probe also prohibits immediate (at the time of induced injury) and long-term measurements of ICP. Therefore, we have developed and tested a small fully embedded wireless ICP sensor, incorporating a novel antenna and packaging arrangement. Evaluations were performed in-vitro and in-vivo to demonstrate the robustness of this microwave pressure-monitoring system. This is the first report of in-vivo tests in a dynamic study of continuous (every 6 s) wireless ICP measurements in a swine model of closed-head rotational-acceleration induced TBI using a digital device. In particular, our device measured extreme changes in ICP immediately upon rapid head rotation that persisted for hours after the injury. The readings matched well those obtained from a commercially available tethered monitor. Our device can be utilized in the future as a tool to diagnose and track long-term ICP changes.
On the False-Positive Rate of Statistical Equipment Comparisons Based on the Kruskal–Wallis $H$ Statistic (2007)

Using Monte Carlo simulation, we investigate the accuracy of the chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> approximation used in statistical equipment comparison based on the Kruskal-Wallis <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> statistic. We show that this approximation is conservative and gives an incorrect false-positive rate on individual steps as well as on the full process flow statistical equipment comparison. Alternative approximations of Wallace are investigated and these are shown to perform significantly better in analysis of datasets typical of semiconductor manufacturing. Wallace approximations also improve the ranking of signals.
Stretchable Conductors Based on Silver Nanowires: Improved Performance through a Binary Network Design (2013)

Stretching the role of a conductor: A new kind of polyurethane sponge–Ag nanowire–poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PUS-AgNW-PDMS) stretchable conductors can be easily fabricated based on a novel binary network structure design, which greatly enhances their electronic performance. These PUS-AgNW-PDMS elastomeric conductors show improved electromechanical stability compared to previously reported stretchable conductors. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Importance of early selective thinning in the development of long-term stand stability and improved log quality: a review (2002)

There is increasing evidence that a decline in the practice of selective thinning in Britain may in part explain an observed reduction in log quality in recent years. The decline in use of selective thinning has been primarily influenced by the low value of early thinnings together with increasing pressure to make a financial surplus on harvesting operations. Since systematic or delayed thinning, used to improve the short‐term economics, may result in stand instability, the no‐thinning option has been widely adopted in stands at risk of damage by wind and snow or where a financial surplus on early selective thinnings is not possible. This review sets out to demonstrate that non‐commercial, early selective thinnings can be seen as a long‐term investment in future log quality and value without compromising stand stability. Low thinnings do not greatly destabilize stands even on exposed sites if carried out on time and will improve stability in the long term. While early low thinnings are unlikely to make a financial surplus on the operation, they significantly enhance the production of quality ‘green’ logs in comparison with a no‐thinning regime. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that the wood‐using industry is willing to pay a premium for this quality. The combination of these factors suggest that non‐commercial, early low thinnings can be seen as a long‐term investment using discounted cash flow methods. The implications of other silvicultural strategies, such as wide initial spacing, respacing, chemical thinning and self‐thinning mixtures, on stand stability and wood quality are also discussed.
Cyclizations of <i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ions (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclizations of N-Acyliminium IonsBruce E. Maryanoff, Han-Cheng Zhang, Judith H. Cohen, Ignatius J. Turchi, and Cynthia A. MaryanoffView Author Information Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3, 1431–1628Publication Date (Web):March 10, 2004Publication History Received7 July 2003Published online10 March 2004Published inissue 1 March 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0306182https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0306182research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20992Altmetric-Citations588LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Reflection mask defect repair (1993)

We developed a new technique for the repair of opaque defects on soft-x-ray projection lithography reflection masks by using ion-beam etching and a thin Si overcoat on the multilayer mirror. This technique clears the defect without damaging the multilayer mirror or introducing an absorptive element into the multilayer. Our procedure uses a beam of low atomic number ions (Si or Ar) of reduced beam energy and a thin Si overcoat to protect the multilayer mirror.
Bioregulation of Pigment Biosynthesis by Onium Compounds (1982)

A large number of onium compounds regulate carotenoid pigment biosynthesis in plant tissues. They stimulate carotenoid biosynthetic pathways with no apparent herbicidal activity. A substantial amount of information on structure-activity relationships for bioregulation of carotenoids in higher plants has been developed. Both the trans- and cis- biosynthetic systems can be regulated. The carotenoid pattern observed is determined essentially by the nature of onium compounds employed. For example, 2-diethylaminoethyl-4-methylphenylether caused a large accumulation of all trans-lycopene (ψ,ψ-carotene), whereas 2-diethylaminoethylhexanoate induced the formation of β-carotene (β,β-carotene). The compound N-methyl,N-hexylbenzylamine stimulated the formation of cis-carotenes.
University of South Carolina CB Support, Basic Research in Materials and Techniques for Optical Computing Standoff Sensors (2004)

Abstract : Research demonstrated that multivariate optical elements (MOEs) and imaging MOEs (IMOEs) could be designed, fabricated and characterized. These devices are the computing elements of multivariate optical computing. Results of the first MOE tests revealed that near-theoretical performance could be obtained in the simple situation tested. Mid-infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectra were acquired for nearly 50 organophosphorus compounds. Measurements were made on B. globigi, and comparisons to paper was made. A prototype camera system based on an IMOE was constructed and demonstrated to work in the UV-Vis region. Improved sampling methods for bacterial spores were developed. Spectroscopy of autoclaved spores and spores devoid of DPA was reported. An instrument was designed and built to measure scattering matrix elements of single particles. It is the belief of this laboratory and our AF technical representative that rugged instruments based on these concepts can be made much more inexpensively to become an important part of the chemical and biological detection and identification program of the DOD as well as homeland defense.
High throughput phenotyping of tomato spot wilt disease in peanuts using unmanned aerial systems and multispectral imaging (2017)

The amount of visible and near infrared light reflected by plants varies depending on their health. In this study, multispectral images were acquired by a quadcopter for high throughput phenotyping of tomato spot wilt disease resistance among twenty genotypes of peanuts. The plants were visually assessed to acquire ground truth ratings of disease incidence. Multispectral images were processed into several vegetation indices. The vegetation index image of each plot has a unique distribution of pixel intensities. The percentage and number of pixels above and below varying thresholds were extracted. These features were correlated with manually acquired data to develop a model for assessing the percentage of each plot diseased. Ultimately, the best vegetation indices and pixel distribution feature for disease detection were determined and correlated with manual ratings and yield. The relative resistance of each genotype was then compared. Image-based disease ratings effectively ranked genotype resistance as early as 93 days from seeding.
Noninvasive nonlinear focusing and imaging through strongly scattering turbid layers (2014)

Diffraction-limited imaging through complex scattering media is a long sought after goal with important applications in biomedical research. In recent years, high resolution wavefront-shaping has emerged as a powerful approach to generate a sharp focus through highly scattering, visually opaque samples. However, it requires a localized feedback signal from the target point of interest, which necessitates an invasive procedure in all-optical techniques. Here, we show that by exploiting optical nonlinearities, a diffraction-limited focus can be formed inside or through a complex sample, even when the feedback signal is not localized. We prove our approach theoretically and numerically, and experimentally demonstrate it with a two-photon fluorescence signal through highly scattering biological samples. We use the formed focus to perform two-photon microscopy through highly scattering, visually opaque layers.
The NF-kappa B p65 promoter. (1993)

The promoter of the human gene encoding the p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B was cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The p65 promoter lacks both TATA and CCAAT consensus sequences. The p65 promoter contains three consensus binding sites of the transcription factor SP1. In contrast to the promoter of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B, no sequences predicted to bind NF-kappa B are present in the p65 promoter. Phorbol ester (PMA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treatment of Jurkat cells did not activate the p65 promoter in transient transfection experiments. Using different deletion mutants of the p65 promoter, essential promoter elements were mapped.
Laser-assisted cartilage reshaping: in vitro and in vivo animal studies (1995)

Correction of cartilaginous defects in the head and neck area remains a challenge for the surgeon. This study investigated a new technique for laser-assisted cartilage reshaping. The pulsed 1.44 micrometers Nd:YAG laser was used in vitro and in vivo experiments to irradiate cartilage to change it's shape without carbonization or vaporization of tissue. Two watts of average power in non contact manner was used to irradiate and reshape the cartilage. The extracted reshaped cartilage specimens underwent testing of elastic force with a computer assisted measurement system that recorded the changes in elastic force in the specimens from 1 hr to 11 days post-irradiation. An animal model of defective tracheal cartilage (collapsed tracheal wall) was created, allowed to heal for 6 weeks and then corrected endoscopically with the laser-assisted technique. The results of the in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that it was possible to alter the cartilage and that cartilage would retain its new shape. The clinical significance of the technique is evident and warrants further animal studies and clinical trials.