gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential state generation by model neural networks. (1986)

Sequential patterns of neural output activity form the basis of many biological processes, such as the cyclic pattern of outputs that control locomotion. I show how such sequences can be generated by a class of model neural networks that make defined sets of transitions between selected memory states. Sequence-generating networks depend upon the interplay between two sets of synaptic connections. One set acts to stabilize the network in its current memory state, while the second set, whose action is delayed in time, causes the network to make specified transitions between the memories. The dynamic properties of these networks are described in terms of motion along an energy surface. The performance of the networks, both with intact connections and with noisy or missing connections, is illustrated by numerical examples. In addition, I present a scheme for the recognition of externally generated sequences by these networks.
Internet of Things as a Methodological Concept (2013)

Nowadays, we are witnessing formation of a new technological marvel: Internet of Things. This construction is able to combine in a particular operational entity all the bits and pieces of the world around us. Thus, why could not this unique establishment present the long-sought essence in the Nature of Things? The two pillars of modern fundamental science-relativity and quantum mechanics-are just approximate descriptions of some properties of such a constructive possibility. The machinery of the physical world develops on a cellular automaton model employing as the transformation rule the mechanism of distributed mutual synchronization with the property of fault-tolerance. This infrastructure yields traveling wave solutions that exactly correspond to the spectrum of the stable elementary particles of matter with an upper bound on the propagation speed. On top of the considered cellular automaton infrastructure there appears a secondary formation that constitutes the mechanism of the Holographic Universe that is the basis for the Internet of Things. The holographic activities determine all the quantum mechanics properties of the physical world including the nonlocality entanglement. For living systems the arrangement of the Internet of Things elucidates the most puzzling biological capability of morphogenesis that otherwise cannot find any reasonable explanation. In this paper, we present the world view of internet of things and the application of this methodology from geospatial computing to physics. We give specific details on applying IoT concept to geospatial analysis in various fields from agriculture to medicine. We also provide detailed analysis of the profound impact of internet of things on our physical world which is a vital knowledge when it comes to geospatial research. We present calendar variation of quantum world which can be used for geospatial data gathering by fine tuning the equipment based on the time of the year.
Unusual Electronic Effects of Electron-Withdrawing Sulfonamide Groups in Optically and Magnetically Active Self-Assembled Noncovalent Heterodimetallic d−f Podates (2000)

The segmental ligand 2-(6-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1,1'-dimethyl-2'-(5-(N,N-diethylsulfonamido)-pyridin-2-yl)-5,5'-methylenebis[1H-benzimidazole] (L3) is synthesized via a multistep strategy that allows the selective introduction of an electron-withdrawing sulfonamide group into the ligand backbone and its subsequent hydrolysis to the hydrophilic sulfonate group. Compared to that of the methylated analogue L1, the affinity of the bidentate binding unit of L3 for H+ and for trivalent lanthanide ions (LnIII) in [Ln(L3)3]3+ and [Ln2(L3)3]6+ is reduced because the electron-withdrawing sulfonamide substituent weakens sigma-bonding, but improved retro-pi-bonding between the bidentate binding units of L3 and soft 3d-block ions (M(II) = FeII, ZnII) overcomes this effect and leads to homometallic complexes [Mn(L(i))m]2n+ (i = 1, 3) displaying similar stabilities. Theoretical ab initio calculations associate this dual effect with a global decrease in energy of pi and sigma orbitals when the sulfonamide group replaces the methyl group, with an extra stabilization for the LUMO (pi). The reaction of L3 with a mixture of LnIII and M(II) (M = Fe, Ni, Zn) in acetonitrile gives the noncovalent podates [LnM(L3)3]5+ in which LnIII is nine-coordinated by the three wrapped tridentate segments, while the bidentate binding units provide a facial pseudooctahedral site around M(II). The X-ray structure of [EuZn(L3)3](ClO4)4(PF6)(CH3NO2)3(H2O) reveals that the bulky sulfonamide group at the 5-position of the pyridine ring only slightly increases the Zn-N bond distances as a result of sigma/pi compensation effects. The introduction of spectroscopically and magnetically active FeII and NiII into the pseudooctahedral site allows the detailed investigation of the electronic structure of the bidentate segment. Absorption spectra, combined with electrochemical data, experimentally demonstrate the dual effect associated with the attachment of the sulfonamide group (decrease of the sigma-donating ability of the pyridine lone pair and increase of the pi-accepting properties of the coordinated bidentate binding unit). The influences on the ligand field strength and on tunable room-temperature FeII spin-crossover processes occurring in [LnFe(L3)3]5+ are discussed, together with the origin of the entropic control of the critical temperature in these thermal switches.
Characterization and Side Chain Manipulation in Violet-Blue Poly-[(9,9-dialkylfluoren-2,7-diyl)-<i>alt</i>-co-(benzen-1,4-diyl)] Backbones (2005)

In this work, conditions of Suzuki condensation and polymer modification of polymers of benzene and fluorene units have been studied. A new polymer was prepared with statistical equimolecular amounts of two 2,7-dibromo-9,9-bis(6‘-susbtituted-hexyl)fluorene as starting monomers. The C9 position of the poly[9,9-bis(6‘-bromohexylfluoren-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(benzen-1,4-diyl has been substituted yielding poly[9,9-bis(6‘-cyanohexylfluoren-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(benzen-1,4-diyl)] with a high degree of conversion. All polymers were completely soluble in THF and chloroform and were characterized by NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Molecular weights measured by gel permeation chromatography coupled with light scattering detector results in polydispersity values between 3.3 and 1.2. Their glass transitions temperature were over 90 and 99 °C by DSC. Comparative studies of optical properties in solution and solid state show similar values indicating that the remote substitution of functional group maintains the spectroscopic characteristics of the backbone. Cyclic voltammetry studies and preliminary results in bias potentials of electroluminiscent devices reveal that these polymers may be promising candidates to be used as hole and electron transporting materials.
The search for novel adjuvants for early life vaccinations: can "danger" motifs show us the way? (2001)

Potent but safe adjuvants are required to circumvent the many limitations of the newborn immune system to induce rapidly effective and long lasting immunity to subunit vaccines. By the use of pattern recognition receptors, antigen-presenting cells (APC) can very efficiently be activated by "danger" motifs expressed by various pathogens. APC activated by "danger" motifs, such as immunostimulatory sequences of bacterial DNA, can not only transmit the activation signal from the innate immunity to the adaptive compartment, but also shape the antigen-specific immune responses. Molecules or compounds expressing "danger" motifs could, therefore, be considered for use as adjuvants for subunit vaccines. In this review, the authors discuss the promises and potential drawbacks that such novel adjuvants could hold for their use in experimental and clinical early life vaccinations.
Pramipexole augmentation in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (2013)

Evaluation of: Cusin C, Iovieno N, Iosifescu DV et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole augmentation in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 74(7), e636-e641 (2013). To overcome limited efficacy in antidepressants, clinicians may choose augmentation, switching to a different antidepressant, or a combination of different antidepressant drugs based on the individual patient's clinical circumstances. Among such options for difficult-to-treat major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, augmentation therapy with atypical antipsychotics, psychostimulants, dopamine agonists, serotonin 1A partial agonists, lithium, and thyroid hormones are commonly used in clinical practice. In fact, augmentation therapy has some clinical merits and is more convenient than switching medications and combination approaches for treating MDD. One such augmentation agent, pramipexole has been proposed, and has been implicated in the development and treatment of MDD. Recently, randomized controlled trials with pramipexole augmentation have been conducted and have demonstrated that pramipexole is a safe and potentially efficacious augmentation strategy. This article will discuss currently available clinical trial data and the potential role of pramipexole in MDD treatment, including clinical significance, limitations, and future research directions.
Beyond audio and video retrieval (2012)

Given the deluge of multimedia content that is becoming available over the Internet, it is increasingly important to be able to effectively examine and organize these large stores of information in ways that go beyond browsing or collaborative filtering. In this paper we review previous work on audio and video processing, and define the task of Topic-Oriented Multimedia Summarization (TOMS) using natural language generation: given a set of automatically extracted features from a video (such as visual concepts and ASR transcripts) a TOMS system will automatically generate a paragraph of natural language ("a recounting"), which summarizes the important information in a video belonging to a certain topic area, and provides explanations for why a video was matched and retrieved. We see this as a first step towards systems that will be able to discriminate visually similar, but semantically different videos, compare two videos and provide textual output or summarize a large number of videos at once. In this paper, we introduce our approach of solving the TOMS problem. We extract visual concept features and ASR transcription features from a given video, and develop a template-based natural language generation system to produce a textual recounting based on the extracted features. We also propose possible experimental designs for continuously evaluating and improving TOMS systems, and present results of a pilot evaluation of our initial system.
An Analysis of the Hysteresis Motor I - Analysis of the Idealized Machine (1963)

This paper presents an analysis of an idealized polyphase hysteresis machine. The distributed magnetic field within the machine is described in terms of dimensions and windings. A single-phase equivalent circuit is developed for the machine and expressions are given for the parameters of this equivalent circuit and for the machine torque. Improvement of power factor by reduction of stator voltage is discussed. Results predicted from the equivalent circuit are compared with experimental data obtained from a small hysteresis motor.
Functional Analysis of the Rod Photoreceptor cGMP Phosphodiesterase α-Subunit Gene Promoter (2004)

To understand the factors controlling expression of the cGMP phosphodiesterase type 6 (PDE6) genes, we have characterized the promoter of the human PDE6A gene that encodes the catalytic alpha-subunit. In vivo DNase I hypersensitivity assays revealed two sites immediately upstream of the PDE6A core promoter region. Transient transfection assay in Y79 cells of constructs containing varying lengths of the promoter region showed a decrease in promoter activity with increasing length. The most active segment contained a 177-bp upstream sequence including apparent Crx and Nrl transcription factor binding sites. Both Crx and Nrl transactivated the PDE6A promoter in HEK293 cells and showed a >100-fold increase when coexpressed. Coexpression of a dominant negative inhibitor of Nrl abolished Nrl transactivation but had no effect on Crx. DNase I footprinting assays identified three potential Crx binding sites within a 55-bp segment beginning 29 bp upstream of the transcription start point. Mutation of two of these sites reduced reporter gene activity by as much as 69%. Gel shifts showed that all three Crx sites required a TAAT sequence for efficient binding. Consistent with a requirement for Crx and Nrl in Pde6a promoter activity, Pde6a mRNA is reduced by 87% in the retina of Crx(-/-) mice and is undetectable in Nrl(-/-) mice at postnatal day 10. These results establish that both Nrl and Crx are required for full transcriptional activity of the PDE6A gene.
Recent advances in electrochemical polymerisation for surface coating (1986)

SummaryBoth conducting and insulating polymer films have been grown electrochemically. Self limiting film growth can be achieved to give the excellent throwing power characteristics of electrodeposited paints. It is shown for the conducting films produced that the redox state of the whole film can be determined by the anion which is incorporated during film growth. It is proposed that this property can be used in the formation of corrosion inhibiting films.Barrier films of good corrosion resistance have been obtained by electropolymerisation of phenol derivatives.
Un pilote en Haïti (2002)

L’administration de multitherapies antivirales serait « incompatible avec les infrastructures sanitaires deficientes des pays pauvres ». C’est le bon sens et les institutions internationales qui le disent. Paul Farmer et Arachu astro prouvent le contraire par l’exemple.
Effect of selected plant extracts on the inhibition of enzymatic browning in fresh-cut apple (2013)

This study describes the evaluation of the antibrowning effect of 36 plant extracts, divided into three groups: (1) fruits, vegetables, and oil seeds, (2) herbs and tea plants, and (3) medicinal plants, on minimally processed fresh apples. The extracts were applied to fresh-cut apple slices as dipping solutions. Development of browning was analyzed by measuring L*, a*, and b* values. The greatest inhibition of browning was caused by extracts from pumpkin seed (group 1), hibiscus flower (group 2), and pelargonium root (group 3). However, the latter caused intense passive staining. The inhibitory potential might be attributable to the antioxidative activity of secondary plant metabolites, especially phenolic compounds. Furthermore, these bioactive substances might influence enzyme activity directly by acting as competitive or non-competitive inhibitors.
Selective beamforming for inter-cell interference mitigation in coordinated wireless LANs (2013)

In future wireless LAN systems, the transmission bandwidth will become wider and the number of access points (APs) will increase as wireless LAN systems become more widespread. As a result, the number of available frequency channels will decrease and inter-cell interference (ICI) among APs with the same frequency channel will become a serious problem. To address this issue we previously proposed an ICI mitigation scheme based on coordinated APs, where a transmit beamforming scheme used for multiuser MIMO is applied to avoid the ICI effect. In this paper, we propose a selective beamforming scheme for ICI mitigation in wireless LAN systems. The scheme uses ICI power as a basis for selectively determining whether to perform null beamforming for each station (STA) in overlapping basic service sets (OBSSs) according to the ICI power. Computer simulation results confirm that the achievable rate obtained with the scheme improves and is higher than that obtained with either time resource sharing or conventional ICI mitigation in an OBSS environment.
Exotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Factors that Influence the Production of Exotoxin A (1973)

Factors that influence production of exotoxin A by a nonproteolytic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-103) were studied. Combinations of amino acids and nucleotides were not able to produce good growth and production of toxin. The organism appeared to require some factors in the dialysate of complex media for good growth and maximal production of toxin. Pure proteins, such as crystalline bovine albumin, enhanced growth as well as production of toxin. Aeration of the culture, the presence of glycerol as a carbon source, and an incubation temperature of around 32 C appeared to be essential for maximal production of toxin. Nucleic acids of various types, particularly after autoclaving, inhibited production of toxin but enhanced growth of the organism. There are some heat-labile, cell-bound toxins that can be liberated from live cells with sonic vibration. These toxins account for 15%–20% of the toxicity of the whole culture, but they appeared to be serologically unrelated to the exotoxin.
Interrupter technique for measurement of respiratory mechanics in anesthetized humans (1985)

Flow (V), volume (V), and tracheal pressure (Ptr) were measured throughout a series of brief (100 ms) interruptions of expiratory V in six patients during anesthesia (halothane-N2O) and anesthesia-paralysis (succinylcholine). For the latter part of spontaneous expiration and throughout passive deflation during muscle paralysis, a plateau in postinterruption Ptr was observed, indicating respiratory muscle relaxation. Under these conditions, passive elastance of the total respiratory system (Ers) was determined as the plateau in postinterruption Ptr divided by the corresponding V. The pressure-flow relationship of the total system was determined by plotting the plateau in Ptr during interruption against the immediately preceding V. Ers averaged 23.5 +/- 1.9 (SD) cmH2O X l-1 during anesthesia and 25.5 +/- 5.4 cmH2O X l-1 during anesthesia-paralysis. Corresponding values of total respiratory system resistance were 2.0 +/- 0.8 and 1.9 +/- 0.6 cmH2O X l-1 X s, respectively. Respiratory mechanics determined during anesthesia paralysis using the single-breath method (W.A. Zin, L. D. Pengelly, and J. Milic-Emili, J. Appl. Physiol. 52: 1266-1271, 1982) were also similar. Early in spontaneous expiration, however, Ptr increased progressively during the period of interruption, reflecting the presence of gradually decreasing antagonistic (postinspiratory) pressure of the inspiratory muscles. In conclusion, the interrupter technique allows for simultaneous determination of the passive elastic as well as flow-resistive properties of the total respiratory system. The presence of a plateau in postinterruption Ptr may be employed as a useful and simple criterion to confirm the presence of respiratory muscle relaxation.
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders, Part 1: Acute and Continuation Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (2002)

These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal for developing these guidelines was to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for depressive disorders, as well as from meta-analyses and reviews on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and was then categorized into four levels of evidence (A-D). This first part of the guidelines covers disease definition, classification, epidemiology and course of unipolar depressive disorders, as well as the management of the acute and continuation-phase treatment. These guidelines are primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of young adults and also, albeit to a lesser extent, children, adolescents and older adults.
Heme‐regulated eIF‐2α kinase purifies as a hemoprotein (1998)

The regulation of protein synthesis by the availability of heme in reticulocytes is well established. However, the mechanism by which heme regulates translational initiation is not clear. In this study, we have examined the heme regulation directly on the homogeneous heme-regulated eIF-2alpha kinase (HRI), which is activated during heme deficiency. We found that HRI purified as a hemoprotein with the characteristic Soret band of hemoprotein at 424 nm. This HRI was an active autokinase and eIF-2alpha kinase, and its kinase activities were inhibited by submicromolar concentrations of hemin with an apparent Ki of 0.5 microM. Homogeneous HRI was a homodimer, and its activities could not be inhibited by incubation with purified inactive K199R HRI in vitro. Our results suggest that there are two distinct types of heme-binding sites in the HRI homodimer. The binding of heme to the first site is stable, while the binding of heme to the second site is responsible for the rapid downregulation of HRI activity by heme. These results indicate that HRI binds heme and serves as a sensor of the availability of heme to coordinate the balanced synthesis of globins and heme in erythroid cells.
A Replication Competent HSV-1(McKrae) with a Mutation in the Amino-terminus of Glycoprotein K (gK) is Unable to Infect Mouse Trigeminal Ganglia after Cornea Infection (2014)

The results show that the amino terminus of gK is essential for neuroinvasiveness and acute herpes keratitis in the mouse eye model. It is likely that gK is involved in efficient infection of axonal termini, since mouse eye scarification provided a direct access to the high density of neuronal axons innervating mouse corneas.
Design and Discovery of Plasmepsin II Inhibitors Using an Automated Workflow on Large‐Scale Grids (2009)

Novel and potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin II were identified by post-processing the results of a docking screening with BEAR, a recently reported procedure for the refinement and rescoring of docked ligands in virtual screening. FRET substrate degradation assays performed on the 30 most promising compounds resulted in 26 inhibitors with IC(50) values ranging from 4.3 nM to 1.8 microM.Herein we report the discovery of novel and potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin II using GRID computing infrastructures. These compounds were identified by post-processing the results of a large docking screen of commercially available compounds using an automated procedure based on molecular dynamics refinement and binding free-energy estimation using MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA. Among the best-scored compounds, four highly populated and promising chemical classes were identified: N-alkoxyamidines, guanidines, amides, and ureas and thioureas. Thirty hit compounds representative of each class were selected on the basis of their favourable binding free energies and molecular interactions with key active site residues. These were experimentally validated using an inhibition assay based on FRET substrate degradation. Remarkably, 26 of the 30 tested compounds proved to be active as plasmepsin II inhibitors, with IC(50) values ranging from 4.3 nM to 1.8 microM.