gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reichenkar rock glacier: a glacier derived debris-ice system in the western Stubai Alps, Austria (2000)

Reichenkar rock glacier, situated in the western Stubai Alps (Tyrol, Austria) is a 1400 m long, tongue-shaped, ice-cored rock glacier that has developed from a debris-covered glacier. The snout is advancing over permafrost-free terrain with present flow velocities of >2 m/a. Basal sliding seems to be an important mechanism to explain such high velocities. Long-term temperature measurements in the debris mantle at different sites and at different depths show that the heat budget of the debris mantle is complex and strongly influenced by local weather conditions and by frozen material below. On the rock glacier basal snow temperatures (BTS) from late January until April were 2–3°C colder than on permafrost-free ground outside the rock glacier. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Le glacier rocheux de Reichenkar, localisé dans les Alpes Occidentales Stubai (Tyrol, Autriche), est un glacier rocheux long de 1400 m, en forme de langue, avec un noyau de glace. Ce glacier rocheux s'est développé à partir d'un glacier couvert de débris. Son extrémité avance sur un terrain sans pergélisol avec une vitesse actuelle supérieure à 2 m par an. Un glissement de la base paraît être un mécanisme important pour expliquer cette avancée rapide. Des mesures de température à long terme en différents endroits et à différentes profondeurs dans le manteau de débris montrent que le budget thermique du manteau est complexe et fortement influencé par les conditions climatiques locales et par les matériaux gelés inférieurs. Sur le glacier rocheux, le températures à la base de la neige (BTS) depuis fin janvier jusqu'en avril, étaient 2 à 3°C plus froides que, en dehors due glacier rocheux, sur le sol sans pergélisol. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simultaneous Assay for T-CelIs and B-Cells Using Immunobeads (1985)

A comparison was made between a new, commercially available light microscope assay for T- and B-lymphocyte enumeration and existing procedures. The Quantigen assay employs two color-coded Immunobeads; one Immunobead binds to and labels T-cells, while the second labels B-cells. Phagocytic cells contaminating lymphocyte preparations ingest both types of beads. A high degree of correlation was found between this simultaneous assay for T- and B-cells and the E-rosette method for T-cells and FITC-labeling of B-cell surface immunoglobulin. The results of a comparison of the Quantigen assay to flow cytometric analyses are also given. Data on chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples are presented, demonstrating that these cells are double-markers with the Quantigen assay because of the use of monoclonal antibody T101, which recognizes T-cells and B-CLL cells.
Comparison of direct and acoustical area measurements in physical models of human central airways (1980)

Total cross-sectional areas were computed from direct measurements made on two human central airway casts. Acoustic pulse-response measurements were obtained on rigid-walled positive replicas of these casts. From the acoustic response data of each cast, we computed the area-distance function of the acoustically equivalent structure (i.e., the structure with regular branching and negligible viscous losses, but with similar acoustic properties). The acoustic data predicted equivalent areas that compared favorably to the total cross-sectional areas in the casts at all points from the beginning of the trachea to distances about 6 cm beyond the carina corresponding to airways of the third, fourth, or fifth generation. These results indicate that, at least in the central airways, branching asymmetry and internal energy losses introduced negligible errors in estimates of cross-sectional areas derived from acoustic pulse-response measurements. This rapid noninvasive technique thus shows promise as a method of detecting upper and central airway obstruction.
The Lifetime Distribution of Health Care Costs (2004)

Objective. To estimate the magnitude and age distribution of lifetime health care expenditures. Data Sources. Claims data on 3.75 million Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan members, and data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the Michigan Mortality Database, and Michigan nursing home patient counts. Data Collection. Data were aggregated and summarized in year 2000 dollars by service, age, and gender. Study Design. We use life table models to simulate a typical lifetime's distribution of expenditures, employing cross‐sectional data on age‐ and sex‐specific health care costs and the mortality experience of the population. We determine remaining lifetime expenditures at each age for all initial members of a birth cohort. Separately, we calculate remaining expenditures for survivors at all ages. Using cross‐sectional data, the analysis holds disease incidence, medical technology, and health care prices constant, thus permitting an exclusive focus on the role of age in health care costs. Principal Findings. Per capita lifetime expenditure is $316,600, a third higher for females ($361,200) than males ($268,700). Two‐fifths of this difference owes to women's longer life expectancy. Nearly one‐third of lifetime expenditures is incurred during middle age, and nearly half during the senior years. For survivors to age 85, more than one‐third of their lifetime expenditures will accrue in their remaining years. Conclusions. Given the essential demographic phenomenon of our time, the rapid aging of the population, our findings lend increased urgency to understanding and addressing the interaction between aging and health care spending.
Creating Visual Music in Jitter: Approaches and Techniques (2005)

December 01 2005 Creating Visual Music in Jitter: Approaches and Techniques Randy Jones, Randy Jones 2045 13th Avenue W, Seattle, Washington 98119 USA, rej@2uptech.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Ben Nevile Ben Nevile University of Victoria/Cycling '74, 304-3122 Quebec Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T3B4 Canada, bbn@saoul.ca Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Randy Jones 2045 13th Avenue W, Seattle, Washington 98119 USA, rej@2uptech.com Ben Nevile University of Victoria/Cycling '74, 304-3122 Quebec Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5T3B4 Canada, bbn@saoul.ca Online ISSN: 1531-5169 Print ISSN: 0148-9267 © 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Computer Music Journal (2005) 29 (4): 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1162/014892605775179900 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Randy Jones, Ben Nevile; Creating Visual Music in Jitter: Approaches and Techniques. Computer Music Journal 2005; 29 (4): 55–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/014892605775179900 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsComputer Music Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Vapor Pressure of Tri-n-butyl Phosphate (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor Pressure of Tri-n-butyl PhosphateWilliam G. Skene and Marek E. KrzymienCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1995, 40, 2, 394–397Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/je00018a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (416 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Improved Solubility and Dissolution Behavior of Norfloxacin by Crystal Modification (2008)

Improvisation of physicochemical properties and bioavailability of existent moiety is a challenge in pharmaceutical field. One of the approaches to do so is crystal modification by varying crystallization conditions such as method, temperature, and solvent. In this manuscript, increase in the poor water solubility and dissolution rate of norfloxacin was studied. Norfloxacin crystals having different forms were prepared by recrystallization from ethanol and ethanol with 1% acetic acid solution under different crystallization temperature. The prepared crystals were evaluated for solubility, dissolution, stability and bulk characterization (angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density and Carr's/Compressibility index). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Melting point, X-Ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), and Infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the crystals were carried out to investigate various characteristics of different crystalline forms of drug. The present study proposes crystals prepared from ethanol with 1% acetic acid solution had increased solubility and dissolution rate. X-ray powder diffraction scans, differential scanning calorimetry studies and FTIR spectra of crystals revealed formation of solvates and change in internal energy of crystals.
Static analysis of anomalies and security vulnerabilities in executable files (2006)

Software researchers have already developed static code security checkers to parse through and scan <u>source code</u> files, looking for security vulnerabilities [8, 9]. What about <u>executable</u> files? Can these files also be statically checked for security weaknesses such as buffer overflows? We have created a methodology that uses information located in the headers, sections, and tables of a Windows NT/XP executable file, along with information derived from the overall contents of the file, as a means to detect specific anomalies and software security vulnerabilities without having to disassemble the code. In addition, we have instantiated this methodology in a software utility program called findssv that automatically performs this static analysis.We tested findssv on six categories of files: executable installation files, software development files, Windows XP operating system files, Microsoft application files, security-centric applications files, and miscellaneous application files. Through the test results on over 2700 files, we show that findssv can detect 1) inconsistent table sizes, 2) large zero-filled regions of bytes, 3) unknown regions of bytes, 4) compressed files placed in a file, 5) sections that are both writable and executable, and 6) the use of functions susceptible to buffer overflow attacks. We also identify key vulnerability findings about the software in the six categories.
Modeling Dielectric-Constant Values of Geologic Materials (2001)

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a near-surface geophysical imaging technique used for non-intrusive subsurface geologic and engineering investigations. Dielectric constant is a critical parameter for GPR surveys because it controls propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves through material, reflection coefficients across interfaces of different materials, and vertical and horizontal imaging resolution. Dielectric constant in rocks and sediments is primarily a function of mineralogy, porosity, pore fluids, frequency, geometries, and electrochemical interactions between rock components. Reported dielectric-constant values for sedimentary rocks provide general ranges of expected values, but these values may not adequately represent rocks in specific field conditions. Time-propagation mixing modeling, a forward-modeling technique, was performed and showed good correlation between modeled and measured dielectric constants of selected sandstones and limestones. Additional models were constructed to investigate the role of lithology and fluid saturation on dielectric constant and GPR response. Three modeled rock examples of variable mineralogy, porosity, and saturation illustrate that bulk dielectric constant, which generally ranges from 2 to 38 in the materials modeled, is primarily controlled by water saturation and, secondarily, by porosity and mineralogy, although these variables are interdependent. Without data stacking, differences in dielectric constant must be greater than 2 to produce reflections that can be recorded above background noise. For the examples modeled, saturation differences of less than 35% between layers produced reflection signals above background noise, but in completely dry material, normal mineralogic and porosity differences may not produce discernible reflections without stacking.
Hydrothermal Processing of High-Quality Multiwall Nanotubes from Amorphous Carbon (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHydrothermal Processing of High-Quality Multiwall Nanotubes from Amorphous CarbonJose Maria Calderon Moreno and Masahiro YoshimuraView Author Information Materials and Structures Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4, 741–742Publication Date (Web):January 6, 2001Publication History Received14 August 2000Published online6 January 2001Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003008hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003008hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1984Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Hollow structures,Lattices,Layers,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Experimental investigation of high impedance faults in low voltage distribution networks (2009)

The aim of this paper is to visualize the general characteristics of downed conductor faults occurring in Low Voltage (LV) distribution networks. These faults when occur in rural areas are potentially life-threatening and may start fires with fault arcs. Moreover, these faults are usually characterized with very low fault currents resulting from the accompanied high fault impedance according to the surface of the faulted area. This consequently inhibits to detect these faults with conventional current-based relaying functions. Towards the paper goal, the properties of different experimental arcing fault cases are analyzed covering different fault sequences and different types faulted surface area. The obtained results assist to realize a better understanding of the prosperities of these faults and supervise the next steps aiming to get a practical, versatile and low-cost fault detector for such faults.
Dinuclear Bridging Bidentate Zinc/Stearate Complex in Sulfur Cross-Linking of Rubber (2015)

An essential structure of the intermediate generated from zinc oxide and stearic acid during sulfur cross-linking reaction of isoprene rubber is proposed using time-resolved zinc K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and infrared spectroscopies in situ. The structure is dominantly a bridging bidentate zinc/stearate complex, the molar ratio of the zinc ion to stearate and the coordination number of which are unexpectedly 1:1 and 4, respectively. Combination with a density functional calculation for identifying the intermediate predominantly suggests that its most possible structure is (Zn2(μ-O2CC17H35)2)2+(OH–)2·XY, where X and Y are water and/or a rubber segment. This intermediate has been unknown despite the long history of rubber science and technology. The newly observed zinc/stearate complex may play a role to accelerate the sulfur cross-linking reaction of rubber like an enzyme because of the high Lewis activity of the zinc ion.
Up-wave surface elevation for smooth hydrodynamic control of wave energy conversion in irregular waves (2013)

Real-time smooth reactive control and optimal damping of wave energy converters in irregular waves is difficult in part because the radiation impulse response function is real and causal, which constrains the frequency-dependent added mass and radiation damping according to the Kramers-Kronig relations. Optimal control for maximum energy conversion requires independent synthesis of the impulse response functions corresponding to these two quantities. Since both are non-causal, full cancellation of reactive forces and matching of radiation damping requires knowledge or estimation of device velocity into the future. To address this non-causality and the non-causality of the exciting force impulse response function, the use of up-wave surface elevation has been suggested in the literature for synthesis of the necessary control forces. The overall formulation here draws on draws on this approach and leads to smooth control that is near-optimal given the approximations involved in the time-shifting of the non-causal impulse response functions and the consequent up-wave distances at which wave surface elevation is required. A predominantly heaving submerged device comprised of three vertically stacked discs driving a hydraulic cylinder is studied. Absorbed power performance with the present near-optimal approach is compared with two other cases, (i) when single-frequency tuning is used based on non-real time adjustment of the reactive and resistive loads to maximize conversion at the spectral peak frequency, and (ii) when no control is applied with damping set to a constant value. Simulation results are obtained for wave spectra at different significant wave heights and energy periods representing three locations along the U.S. coastline.
Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Activation of EGFR Prevents Autophagy Protein-Mediated Killing of the Parasite (2013)

Toxoplasma gondii resides in an intracellular compartment (parasitophorous vacuole) that excludes transmembrane molecules required for endosome-lysosome recruitment. Thus, the parasite survives by avoiding lysosomal degradation. However, autophagy can re-route the parasitophorous vacuole to the lysosomes and cause parasite killing. This raises the possibility that T. gondii may deploy a strategy to prevent autophagic targeting to maintain the non-fusogenic nature of the vacuole. We report that T. gondii activated EGFR in endothelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells and microglia. Blockade of EGFR or its downstream molecule, Akt, caused targeting of the parasite by LC3(+) structures, vacuole-lysosomal fusion, lysosomal degradation and killing of the parasite that were dependent on the autophagy proteins Atg7 and Beclin 1. Disassembly of GPCR or inhibition of metalloproteinases did not prevent EGFR-Akt activation. T. gondii micronemal proteins (MICs) containing EGF domains (EGF-MICs; MIC3 and MIC6) appeared to promote EGFR activation. Parasites defective in EGF-MICs (MIC1 ko, deficient in MIC1 and secretion of MIC6; MIC3 ko, deficient in MIC3; and MIC1-3 ko, deficient in MIC1, MIC3 and secretion of MIC6) caused impaired EGFR-Akt activation and recombinant EGF-MICs (MIC3 and MIC6) caused EGFR-Akt activation. In cells treated with autophagy stimulators (CD154, rapamycin) EGFR signaling inhibited LC3 accumulation around the parasite. Moreover, increased LC3 accumulation and parasite killing were noted in CD154-activated cells infected with MIC1-3 ko parasites. Finally, recombinant MIC3 and MIC6 inhibited parasite killing triggered by CD154 particularly against MIC1-3 ko parasites. Thus, our findings identified EGFR activation as a strategy used by T. gondii to maintain the non-fusogenic nature of the parasitophorous vacuole and suggest that EGF-MICs have a novel role in affecting signaling in host cells to promote parasite survival.
Can seismic stratigraphy problems be solved using automated pattern analysis and recognition? (1986)

The Problem: Four wells had been drilled in the Four Horses area of the Powder River Basin in Weston County, Wyoming. Interpretation of well logs indicated that the sand content in the formation varied widely. The key question in the development of the area was the locations of the boundaries between the different sand contents.
A Simple Orthomode Transducer for Centimeter to Submillimeter Wavelengths (2009)

We describe a simple orthomode transducer suitable for operation from centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths with appropriate scaling. It is fabricated as a split-block assembly with all waveguides in the same plane, and requires no septum or polarizing wires. The OMT operates over a 1.3:1 frequency band, narrower than a full waveguide band (typically 1.5:1). For a WR-10 version of the OMT, covering 78-102 GHz, the polarization isolation is > 37 dB and the return loss at the rectangular waveguide ports > 24 dB. The practical upper frequency for this design is probably limited by the precision of alignment that can be achieved between the block halves, which affects the polarization isolation.