gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Immune Receptor Restricted to the Monocytic Lineage (2004)

Homology basic local alignment search tool search was conducted using a sequence encoding for a novel inhibitory receptor (IREM-1) cloned in our laboratory and a previously described homologous sequence termed CMRF-35. On the basis of this information, we cloned a full length cDNA corresponding to a novel member of this family, termed immune receptor expressed by myeloid cells 2 (IREM-2). The gene, located in chromosome 17q25.1, encodes for a protein of 205 aa that contains an extracellular region comprising an Ig-like domain and a transmembrane region with a positively charged amino acid residue (lysine), that predicted its putative association with an adapter molecule. Indeed, the interaction between IREM-2 and DAP-12 was confirmed in transfected COS-7 cells. By generating specific Abs and using bone marrow and PBMCs, we observed that IREM-2 expression appeared to be restricted to mature hemopoietic cells of the monocytic and myeloid dendritic cell lineages. In vitro differentiation to macrophages or immature dendritic cells down-regulated IREM-2 expression. Upon engagement with the specific mAbs, IREM-2 expressed in rat basophilic leukemia cells together with DAP-12, induced NFAT transcriptional activity; moreover, IREM-2 engagement on monocytes induced TNF-alpha production. Taken together, our results indicate that IREM-2 is a novel activating receptor of the Ig-superfamily in the monocytic lineage.
CORRELATION OF PEMPHIGOID AND PEMPHIGU S ANTIBODY TITRES WITH ACTIVITY OF DISEASE (1971)

SUMMARY.— Four patients with pemphigoid have been followed clinically and serologically for a sufficient period to indicate that pemphigoid antibody titre does not necessarily parallel the clinical activity of the disease. In contrast, for pemphigus, there does seem to be such a correlation.
Correlation of miscibility and mechanical properties of polypropylene/olefin block copolymers: Effect of chain composition (2011)

Abstract This study examines the miscibility and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and olefin block copolymer (OBC) blends (70/30 wt %). The blends exhibit phase‐separated morphology. The OBC domain size decreases with increasing the 1‐octene content in the soft segment. The crystallization, melting behavior, and the long spacing of the iPP component in the blends are nearly the same as those of neat iPP, while the T g of the iPP component shifts slightly to lower temperature. “Blocky” OBC is immiscible with iPP, while the soft segment rich polymers in OBC could be partially miscible with iPP. The impact strength of the blends is greatly increased with increasing the 1‐octene content in the OBC soft segment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A root cause analysis interface for error reporting (2007)

We describe a web-based interface that facilitates entering and analyzing medical errors. It uses an interactive causal tree-building component. The interactive component allows a user to build a causal tree with any number of events and antecedents. This replaces a form-based approach that is limited to a predetermined number of events and antecedents. After the causal tree is completed, the user can save the tree to a database. Causal trees can be retrieved and rebuilt as well. We developed an algorithm that, given a data bank of reported errors, will help detect similar events. This facilitates recognizing patterns of errors.
RPC-based epipolar image resampling of Kompsat-2 across-track stereos (2011)

As high-resolution satellite images have enabled large scale topographic mapping and monitoring on global scale with short revisit time, agile sensor orientation, and large swath width, many countries make effort to secure the satellite image information. In Korea, KOMPSAT-2 (Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite-2) was launched in July 28 2006 with high specification. These satellites have stereo image acquisition capability for 3D mapping and monitoring. To efficiently handle stereo images such as stereo display and monitoring, the accurate epipolar image generation process is prerequisite. However, the process was highly limited due to complexity in epipolar geometry of pushbroom sensor. Recently, the piecewise approach to generate epipolar images using RPC was developed and tested for in-track IKONOS stereo images. In this paper, the piecewise approach was tested for KOMPSAT-2 across-track stereo images to see how accurately KOMPSAT-2 epipolar images can be generated for 3D geospatial applications. In the experiment, two across-track stereo sets from three KOMPSAT-2 images of different dates were tested using RPC as the sensor model. The test results showed that one-pixel level of y-parallax was achieved for manually measured tie points.
Project Literacy (1964)

A more discursive style-one that is relaxed and marked with personal pronouns and active-voice constructions-has been the subject of recent modest experiments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Early results indicate that such a style is more readable, more interesting, and probably a better vehicle for transmitting information from one mind to another.
Adaptive Islet-Specific Regulatory CD4 T Cells Control Autoimmune Diabetes and Mediate the Disappearance of Pathogenic Th1 Cells In Vivo (2006)

Abstract Adaptive regulatory T cells that develop from naive CD4 cells in response to exposure to Ag can act as immunotherapeutic agents to control immune responses. We show that effectors generated from murine islet-specific CD4 cells by TCR stimulation with IL-2 and TGF-β1 have potent suppressive activity. They prevent spontaneous development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice and inhibit development of pancreatic infiltrates and disease onset orchestrated by Th1 effectors. These regulatory T cells do not require innate CD25+ regulatory cells for generation or function, nor do they share some characteristics typically associated with them, including expression of CD25. However, the adaptive population does acquire the X-linked forkhead/winged helix transcription factor, FoxP3, which is associated with regulatory T cell function and maintains expression in vivo. One mechanism by which they may inhibit Th1 cells is via FasL-dependent cytotoxicity, which occurs in vitro. In vivo, they eliminate Th1 cells in lymphoid tissues, where Fas/FasL interactions potentially play a role because Th1 cells persist when this pathway is blocked. The results suggest that adaptive regulatory CD4 cells may control diabetes in part by impairing the survival of islet-specific Th1 cells, and thereby inhibiting the localization and response of autoaggressive T cells in the pancreatic islets.
A MEMS-Based Active-Head Slider for Flying Height Control in Magnetic Recording (2004)

This paper describes design and fabrication of a MEMS-based active-head slider using a PZT thin film for flying height control in hard disk drives. A piezoelectric cantilever integrated in an air bearing slider is used to adjust the flying height individually. A novel air bearing surface (ABS) geometry that minimizes the aerodynamic lift force generated beneath the head has been designed on the basis of the molecular gas film lubrication (MGL) theory. The slider with PZT actuator was fabricated monolithically by silicon micromachining. Performance of the actuator was tested by using an optical surface profiler. Furthermore, the fabricated slider was mounted on a suspension and flying height of the slider above a spinning disk has been measured by means of interferometry. Change in the head-disk spacing has been successfully confirmed by applying voltage to the PZT actuator.
Investigation of a Feedrate Sensor for Combine Harvesters (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The agricultural combine harvester is one of the most complex of machines used in cereal grain production. It is believed that significant increases in efficiency and productivity could be realized if several of the machine adjustments could be automatically controlled. One of the most important parameters to measure and control is the feedrate, i.e. the mass flow rate of material entering the machine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reports on an investigation of a sensor, using electrical capacitance techniques, to measure feedrate.</div>
Toxicity of Costa Rican Snake Venoms for the White Mouse (1972)

Venom yields and toxicity levels for Costa Rican snakes are reported. It was found that the sea snake, Pelamis platurus, possesses the most potent venom. Taking into consideration toxicity and venom yields, the fer-de-lance, Bothrops asper (formerly included in B. atrox), appears to be the most dangerous snake in Costa Rica and Lachesis muta, despite its impressive size, occupies a relatively unimportant position. The data show that in toxicity or neutralization experiments in which mice are used it is desirable to prolong the observation period up to 48 hours when employing crotalid venoms and up to 72 hours when using elapide venoms.
A Ka-band circularly polarized high-gain microstrip array antenna (1995)

In this article, the development of a circularly polarized microstrip array with 28 dBic of gain at 32 GHz is presented. Two primary objectives of this development are minimizing the microstrip array's insertion loss and maintaining a reasonable frequency bandwidth (3%). The parallel/series feed technique for the array's power distribution circuit and the sequential rotation method for the element arrangement are employed to meet these objectives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High precision calcium isotope ratio measurements using a magnetic sector multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (2004)

Calcium isotope abundances were measured using a Finnigan Neptune magnetic sector multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer capable of resolving all molecular isobaric interferences from 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46Ca and 48Ca. Scattering events caused by the intense 40Ar+ ion beam did not contribute to the uncertainty in the baseline of the calcium mass spectrum. Quantitative separation of the calcium from the sample matrix was carried out to ensure that the measurements were independent of the sample type. In addition, thorough desolvation of the aerosol was found to have a significant effect on the stability and sensitivity of the method. The stable mass bias of the instrument enabled normalization of the measured isotope abundance ratios relative to standard reference materials. Delta values including δ44Ca/43Ca, δ44Ca/42Ca and δ48Ca/42Ca were measured with external reproducibilities better than ±0.2‰ (2s) from 10 ppm solutions of calcium-containing materials, including sea-water and biogenic and non-biogenic marine carbonates.
Compatibility considerations in parenteral nutrient solutions. (1984)

Information on compatibility of nutrients and drugs with parenteral nutrient (PN) solutions is reviewed and evaluated. Precipitation of calcium phosphate when calcium and phosphate salts are added can be affected by pH, amino acid concentration, amino acid product, temperature, sequence of additives, specific salt used, and time since admixture; precipitate formation can occur gradually over 24 hours. Insulin is chemically stable in PN solutions, but adsorption to the infusion system can cause decreased availability. Poor delivery of vitamin A via PN solutions has been reported. The sodium bisulfite content of amino acid injections may cause degradation of thiamine, but studies simulating clinical use are needed. Folic acid stability in PN solutions has been demonstrated, and phytonadione appears to be stable. Drug administration via PN solutions may be advantageous when fluid intake is restricted or peripheral vein access is limited and in home PN therapy. Summarized are results of studies involving heparin, cimetidine hydrochloride, aminophylline, amphotericin B, iron dextran, hydrochloric acid, corticosteroids, narcotics, metoclopramide, digoxin, and fluorouracil. Many antibiotics are probably stable, especially when administered by co-infusion rather than by direct mixture in the PN solution container. When lipids are mixed in the same container with amino acid-dextrose solutions, compatibility and stability of electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements must be reassessed. Practical research is needed, and availability of additives should be studied in specific patient populations and for specific PN formulations. Valid conclusions are dependent on careful study design.
Realtime velocimetry for evaluation of change in thickness of myocardium and arterial wall (2002)

The authors have already developed a new method for accurately tracking the movement of the heart wall and arterial wall based on both the phase and magnitude of the demodulated signals to determine the instantaneous position of an object. By pipelining and parallel processing using four high-speed digital signal processing (DSP) chips, the above developed method is realized in real time. By this system, velocity signals of the heart/arterial wall with small amplitudes less than several micrometers on the motion resulting from a heartbeat with large amplitude of several millimeters, can be successfully detected in real time. From the regional change in thickness of the heart wall, spatial distribution of myocardial motility and contractility can be evaluated. For the arterial wall, its elasticity can be evaluated by referring to the blood pressure. This new real-time system offers potential for quantitative diagnosis of myocardial motility and early-stage atherosclerosis.
A new column-generation-based algorithm for VMAT treatment plan optimization (2012)

We study the treatment plan optimization problem for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). We propose a new column-generation-based algorithm that takes into account bounds on the gantry speed and dose rate, as well as an upper bound on the rate of change of the gantry speed, in addition to MLC constraints. The algorithm iteratively adds one aperture at each control point along the treatment arc. In each iteration, a restricted problem optimizing intensities at previously selected apertures is solved, and its solution is used to formulate a pricing problem, which selects an aperture at another control point that is compatible with previously selected apertures and leads to the largest rate of improvement in the objective function value of the restricted problem. Once a complete set of apertures is obtained, their intensities are optimized and the gantry speeds and dose rates are adjusted to minimize treatment time while satisfying all machine restrictions. Comparisons of treatment plans obtained by our algorithm to idealized IMRT plans of 177 beams on five clinical prostate cancer cases demonstrate high quality with respect to clinical dose-volume criteria. For all cases, our algorithm yields treatment plans that can be delivered in around 2 min. Implementation on a graphic processing unit enables us to finish the optimization of a VMAT plan in 25-55 s.
A Paradigm for Quality-of-Service in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Synchronous Signaling and Node States (2004)

Most limitations in mechanisms geared at achieving quality-of-service (QoS) in wireless ad hoc networking can be traced to solutions based on mapping wireless networks to a wireline paradigm of nodes and links. We contend that this paradigm is not appropriate since links are not physical entities and do not accurately represent the radio frequency (RF) media. Using the link abstraction makes arbitration of the use of the RF media cumbersome leaving only overprovisioning techniques to deliver QoS. In this paper, we argue that an appropriate paradigm should match the physics of the network. The critical resource is electromagnetic spectrum in a space; in turn, this results in a complex paradigm since the part of the spectrum-space that each node wants to use is unique to that node and its destination and will overlap with parts that other nodes may want to use creating interdependences among nodes. This paper describes protocol approaches for access and routing that seek solutions within this wireless paradigm. Access is arbitrated using synchronous signaling and topology is resolved through the dissemination of node states. This approach provides an intuitive framework that provides mechanisms that can be exploited to arbitrate RF media use and implement traffic engineering techniques to deliver QoS. Our proposed approach provides a novel way of tracking the state of the network that can serve as a unified state dissemination mechanism to simultaneously support routing, multicasting, and most QoS heuristics.
Enumeration of Campylobacter in New Zealand recreational and drinking waters (2001)

These results suggest that water may act as a significant transmission route for human campylobacteriosis.
Code Compression and Decompression for Coarse-Grain Reconfigurable Architectures (2008)

This paper presents a code compression and on-the-fly decompression scheme suitable for coarse-grain reconfigurable technologies. These systems pose further challenges by having an order of magnitude higher memory requirement due to much wider instruction words than typical VLIW/TTA architectures. Current compression schemes are evaluated. A highly efficient and novel dictionary-based lossless compression technique is implemented and compared against a previous implementation for a reconfigurable system. This paper looks at several conflicting design parameters, such as the compression ratio, silicon area, latency, and power consumption. Compression ratios in the range of 0.32 to 0.44 are recorded with the proposed scheme for a given set of test programs. With these test programs, a 60% overall silicon area saving is achieved, even after the decompressor hardware overhead is taken into account. The proposed technique may be applied to any architecture which exhibits common characteristics to the example reconfigurable architecture targeted in this paper.
Collective Review: Bioactive Implants Coated with Poly(D,L-lactide) and Growth Factors IGF-I, TGF-β1, or BMP-2 for Stimulation of Fracture Healing (2006)

Demographic data reveal that due to the increasing aging of the population, complications with the musculoskeletal system will increase in the next years. One major problem in orthopedic and trauma surgery are the delayed healing or non-unions of long bone fractures. The exogenous application of growth factors can stimulate the bone healing to reduce these complications. Beside the choice of the optimal growth factor the application system is important. Therefore, we developed a new bioactive coating method for implants, which is based on a biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) (coating thickness: 10 mum). This coating allows the incorporation of growth factors and the controlled release of these factors during the healing process without the need for further devices. The effect of different growth factors (IGF-I, TGF-beta1, and BMP-2) locally released from coated intramedullary implants on fracture healing was investigated with biomechanical and histological analysis in rats. All investigated growth factors stimulated the fracture healing as assessed with biomechanical tests and histological analysis. The local application of combined IGF-I and TGF-beta1 had the most stimulating effect on fracture healing, followed by the effect of BMP-2, IGF-I, and TGF-beta1 alone. Bioactive coating of biomechanical well-established implants can on the one hand stabilize the fracture and on the other hand stimulate healing processes to increase healing and to reduce the rate of complications.
Phase III Trial of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin With or Without Tirapazamine in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Southwest Oncology Group Trial S0003 (2005)

The addition of tirapazamine to paclitaxel and carboplatin does not result in improved survival in advanced NSCLC compared with paclitaxel and carboplatin alone but substantially increases toxicity.
Cinq siècles d’intervention humaine dans le brassage des gènes du pin à crochets (Pinus uncinata) des Pyrénées (2005)

Bartoli Michel. Cinq siècles d’intervention humaine dans le brassage des gènes du pin à crochets (Pinus uncinata) des Pyrénées. In: Paysages, territoires et aménagements dans le Sud de la France. Actes du 126e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Terres et hommes du Sud », Toulouse, 2001. Paris : Editions du CTHS, 2005. pp. 1-9. (Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, 126-10)
Spurious-free Lamb wave resonators with protrusion structures (2015)

In this letter, we demonstrate a technique to eliminate the spurious modes in aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators (LWRs). The transverse acoustic wave characteristics are examined, and a resonance modulation theory on the regulation of mechanical boundary conditions is deducted. As examples of embodiments, vertical and lateral protrusion structures are proposed for the suppression. Finite element analysis verifies that the employment of these structures effectively restrains the transverse modes, and the measured electrical performance of the LWR with protrusions demonstrates an 11 dB reduction in the spurious response.
Proportional Reasoning as a Heuristic-Based Process (2009)

The present study interprets the overuse of proportional solution methods from a dual process framework. Dual process theories claim that analytic operations involve time-consuming executive processing, whereas heuristic operations are fast and automatic. In two experiments to test whether proportional reasoning is heuristic-based, the participants solved "proportional" problems, for which proportional solution methods provide correct answers, and "nonproportional" problems known to elicit incorrect answers based on the assumption of proportionality. In Experiment 1, the available solution time was restricted. In Experiment 2, the executive resources were burdened with a secondary task. Both manipulations induced an increase in proportional answers and a decrease in correct answers to nonproportional problems. These results support the hypothesis that the choice for proportional methods is heuristic-based.
Immune Escape and Survival Mechanisms in Circulating Tumor Cells of Colorectal Cancer (2014)

The prognosis of colorectal cancer is closely linked to the occurrence of distant metastases. Systemic dissemination is most likely caused by circulating tumor cells (CTC). Despite the fundamental role of CTC within the metastatic cascade, technical obstacles have so far prevented detailed genomic and, in particular, phenotypic analyses of CTC, which may provide molecular targets to delay or prevent distant metastases. We show here a detailed genomic analysis of single colorectal cancer-derived CTC by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), mutational profiling, and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis. Furthermore, we report the first gene expression analysis of manually selected colorectal cancer-derived CTC by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to investigate transcriptional changes, enabling CTC to survive in circulation and form distant metastases. aCGH confirmed the tumor cell identity of CellSearch-isolated colorectal cancer-derived CTC. Mutational and MSI analyses revealed mutational profiles of CTC to be similar, but not identical to the corresponding tumor tissue. Several CTC exhibited mutations in key genes such as KRAS or TP53 that could not be detected in the tumor. Gene expression analyses revealed both a pronounced upregulation of CD47 as a potential immune-escape mechanism and a significant downregulation of several other pathways, suggesting a dormant state of viable CTC. Our results suggest mutational heterogeneity between tumor tissue and CTC that should be considered in future trials on targeted therapy and monitoring of response. The finding of upregulated immune-escape pathways, which may be responsible for survival of CTC in circulation, could provide a promising target to disrupt the metastatic cascade in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 74(6); 1694-704. ©2014 AACR.