gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laminin-1 Promotes Angiogenesis in Synergy with Fibroblast Growth Factor by Distinct Regulation of the Gene and Protein Expression Profile in Endothelial Cells (2004)

Laminins are widely distributed extracellular matrix proteins. Certain laminin isoforms are predominant in vascular basement membranes and may be critical in maintaining the stability of the mature vessel. On the other hand, formation of new vessels during angiogenesis requires degradation of the basement membrane, exposing the endothelial cells to other laminin isoforms in the surrounding extracellular matrix. We studied the effects of laminin-1 (LN-1) in different in vitro and in vivo models for angiogenesis. LN-1 induced angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane to the same extent as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and vascular development in embryoid bodies was stimulated in a synergistic manner by FGF-2 and LN-1. LN-1 promoted differentiation of endothelial cells in three-dimensional collagen gels, both in the absence and presence of FGF-2. Formation of tubular structures induced by LN-1 was accompanied by increased expression of Jagged-1, a marker of endothelial differentiation, and increased levels of FGF-2 and FGFR-1 transcripts. LN-1 did not regulate signal transduction pathways known to operate down stream of FGF-2. Thus, phosphorylation of ERK was detected in FGF-2- but not in LN-1-treated cells. Taken together, this suggests that laminins may play a fundamental role in angiogenesis by directly affecting gene and protein expression profiles in endothelial cells.
Genetic and biochemical analyses of the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Psl exopolysaccharide reveal overlapping roles for polysaccharide synthesis enzymes in Psl and LPS production (2009)

Exopolysaccharides contribute significantly to attachment and biofilm formation in the opportunisitc pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Psl polysaccharide, which is synthesized by the polysaccharide synthesis locus (psl), is required for biofilm formation in non-mucoid strains that do not rely on alginate as the principal biofilm polysaccharide. In-frame deletion and complementation studies of individual psl genes revealed that 11 psl genes, pslACDEFGHIJKL, are required for Psl production and surface attachment. We also present the first structural analysis of the psl-dependent polysaccharide, which consists of a repeating pentasaccharide containing d-mannose, d-glucose and l-rhamnose: [See text]. In addition, we identified the sugar nucleotide precursors involved in Psl generation and demonstrated the requirement for GDP-d-mannose, UDP-d-glucose and dTDP-l-rhamnose in Psl production and surface attachment. Finally, genetic analyses revealed that wbpW restored Psl production in a pslB mutant and pslB promoted A-band LPS synthesis in a wbpW mutant, indicating functional redundancy and overlapping roles for these two enzymes. The structural and genetic data presented here provide a basis for further investigation of the Psl proteins and potential roles for Psl in the biology and pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa.
Application du tracé des diagrammes d’impédance complexe à l’étude des propriétés électriques et diélectriques des verres alcalins (1974)

La représentation dans le plan complexe de l’impédance de cellules symétriques du type métal-verre-métal permet d’étudier les caractéristiques électriques de l’électrolyte vitreux en s’affranchissant des phénomènes de polarisation aux électrodes. Les verres étudiés appartiennent aux systèmes SiO2 — Na2O et SiO2 — K2O. Les courbes expérimentales caractéristiques de l’électrolyte sont des arcs de cercles. L’analyse de la répartition en fonction de la fréquence des points expérimentaux sur ceux-ci permet de trouver une expression analytique des courbes expérimentales. Une interprétation théorique de cette expression est proposée en accord avec la structure désordonnée des verres. Dans le domaine de fréquences étudiées (5 Hz-500 kHz) ceux-ci sont assimilés à des diélectriques homogènes et des conducteurs hétérogènes. La dispersion des valeurs de la conductivité dans le verre est attribuée à une dispersion des énergies d’activation de conduction.
Activity of exogenous interferon in the human nasal mucosa. (1977)

The activity of exogenous human leukocyte IF has been studied in the human nasal mucosa and factors have been sought that would enhance its potential for clinical usefulness. Experiments have been performed which indicate that the nasal epithelial cells do respond to exogenous IF. In vivo dose requirements may be high because of mucociliary clearance mechanisms and because of the time and dose requirement for full antiviral activity. Future studies must define the IF sensitivity of different respiratory viruses in the human nasal epithelial cell and must evaluate more efficient methods of application.
Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Comprehensive Review to Recent Non-Invasive Methods. (2017)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and considered to be one of the hassles in medical communities. CRC develops from precancerous polyps in the colon or rectum and is preventable and curable by an early diagnosis and with the removal of premalignant polyps. In recent years, scientists have looked for inexpensive and safe ways to detect CRC in its earliest stages. Strong evidence shows that screening for CRC is a crucial way to reduce the incidence and mortality of this devastating disease. The main purpose for screening is to detect cancer or pre-cancer signs in all asymptomatic patients. In this review, we holistically introduce major pathways involved in the initiation and progression of colorectal tumorgenesis, which mainly includes chromosome instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and we then will discuss different screening tests and especially the latest non-invasive fecal screening test kits for the detection of CRC.
[18F]-N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(2-fluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide (2008)

Imatinib (4-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-N-[4-methyl-3-[[4-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]benzamide) is a tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) attributed to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) (1). This chromosomal abnormality develops after a genetic translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, which leads to the expression of a constitutively activated Bcr-Abl TK that is no longer under normal regulation. This drug is also used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that are caused by mutations in the closely related Kit or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) TKs (2). In addition, imatinib has been shown to be an effective treatment against a variety of other conditions that are characterized by the expression of Abl or c-Kit TKs (3). Although imatinib is a useful chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of CML and GIST, patients undergoing therapy for these conditions often develop resistance to the drug as a result of secondary mutations in the TKs (4). Dasatinib is a dual inhibitor of Src/Abl and c-Kit that was recently approved for treatment of imatinib-refractory CML and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (5, 6). A [18F]fluorine derivative of dasatinib ([18F]-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(2-fluoroethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide ([18F]SKI-249380)) was synthesized to probe the role of Abl, Src, and c-Kit in tumor malignancies with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in small animals (7).
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Electron‐Rich s‐Tetrazine and Triazolo‐tetrazine Nitrate Esters (2016)

We have prepared energetic nitrate ester derivatives of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]-[1,2,4,5]-tetrazine ring systems as model compounds to study the electrochemical behavior of tetrazines in the presence of explosive groups. The model compounds showed lower thermal stabilities relative to PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), but slightly improved mechanical sensitivities. The presence of electron-rich amine donors leads to a cathodic shift of the tetrazine redox potentials relative to those of previously reported tetrazine explosives. At these potentials, electron-rich tetrazines with either covalently bound or co-dissolved nitrate ester groups are irreversibly reduced. Effectively, changes in the electronic structure of tetrazines affect their electrochemical response to the presence of nitrate ester groups. Thus, it may be possible to develop tetrazine-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of specific explosives and electrocatalysts for their disposal.
Fatigue Strength and Dynamic Performance of Damping Alloy Gear : Comparison with Thermally Refined Steel Gear (2003)

In order to investigate the application of a damping alloy to gears, a damping alloy spur gear was compared with a thermally refined chromium molybdenum steel spur gear in term of their fatigue strength and dynamic performance. The fatigue test was performed using a power circulating type gear testing machine. The failure mode of the damping alloy gear was the tooth breakage at the tooth fillet and the plastic deformation on the tooth flank, and that of the steel gear was the pitting. The fatigue limit of the damping alloy gear was higher than that of the steel gear. In the wavelet maps of both the vibration acceleration of the gear box and the sound pressure near the gear box, the frequency range of high wavelet intensity of the damping alloy gear was smaller than that of the steel gear. Consequently, it was clear that the damping characteristic of the damping alloy gear was superior to that of the steel gear. Therefore, it coud be said that a damping alloy can be applied to gears under low load operating condition in this experimental range.
Adaptive Variable Switching Frequency Digital Controller Algorithm to Optimize Efficiency (2007)

An adaptive digital controller with maximum efficiency point tracking to optimize DC-DC converter switching frequency is presented in this paper. The adaptive-frequency-optimization (AFO) method changes the DC-DC converter switching frequency while tracking the converter minimum input power (maximum efficiency) point under variable conditions including variable load and variable input voltage. The AFO digital controller continuously finds the optimum switching frequency that result in the minimum total loss while converter parameters and conditions vary. In this paper, the AFO method is discussed analyzed and its digital control algorithm and experimental implementation are presented.
Mutational analysis of bacteriophage lambda lysis gene S (1986)

A plasmid carrying the bacteriophage lambda lysis genes under lac control was subjected to hydroxylamine mutagenesis, and mutations eliminating the host lethality of the S gene were selected. DNA sequence analysis revealed 48 single-base mutations which resulted in alterations within the coding sequence of the S gene. Thirty-three different missense alleles were generated. Most of the missense changes clustered in the first two-thirds of the molecule from the N terminus. A simple model for the disposition of the S protein within the inner membrane can be derived from inspection of the primary sequence. In the first 60 residues, there are two distinct stretches of predominantly hydrophobic amino acids, each region having a net neutral charge and extending for at least 20 residues. These regions resemble canonical membrane-spanning domains. In the model, the two domains span the bilayer as a pair of net neutral charge helices, and the N-terminal 10 to 12 residues extend into the periplasm. The mutational pattern is largely consistent with the model. Charge changes within the putative imbedded regions render the protein nonfunctional. Loss of glycine residues at crucial reverse-turn domains which would be required to reorient the molecule to reenter the membrane also inactivate the molecule. Finally, a number of neutral and rather subtle mutations such as Ala to Val and Met to Ile are found, mostly within the putative spanning regions. Although no obvious explanation exists for this subtle and heterogeneous class of mutations, it is noted that all of the changes result in a loss of alpha-helical character as predicted by Chou-Fasman theoretical analysis. Alternative explanations for some of these changes are also possible, including a reduction in net translation rate due to substitution of a rare codon for a common one. The model and the pattern of mutations have implications for the probable oligomerization of the S protein at the time of endolysin release at the end of the vegetative growth period.
1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene monoglucoside, a new metabolite of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, and the effect of tricyclazole on its production (2002)

Isolate SS7 of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was previously shown to produce and excrete into agar medium copious amounts of the melanin precursor 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene. Much reduced quantities of this product were produced in the presence of tricyclazole, an inhibitor of pentaketide melanin biosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that young cultures of isolate SS7 produce 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene monoglucoside, a new natural product not previously reported from fungi. When cultured in the presence of tricyclazole, such young cultures also accumulated two new monoglucosides of 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene, which, as well as 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene monoglucoside, were also obtained from cultures of two other isolates of S. sclerotiorum. It is proposed that rapid glucosylation of 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene in young tricyclazole-inhibited S. sclerotiorum cultures accounts for the failure to observe 2-hydroxyjuglone or other metabolites usually associated with blockage of the pentaketide pathway to melanin in fungi.
Detection of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA and its defective-interfering particles in individual mouse brains (1984)

To develop a highly sensitive and direct assay for defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we reverse transcribed RNA from DI particles and cloned the DNA in pBR322 and used it as hybridization probes. At the lower limit, cDNA of about 850 nucleotides detected 150 pg of VSV RNA. For differentiation of hybridizable sequences found in the RNA of DI particles from complementary or identical sequences in the L mRNA or standard genomic RNA of VSV, RNA obtained from mouse brains was first separated by size, blotted onto nitrocellulose, and then hybridized to in vitro-labeled cDNA probe. Genomic VSV, DI, or L mRNA sequences from one-half of the brain of an infected mouse were detectable, whereas uninfected mice failed to react with this specific probe. When mice were infected intranasally with 10(8) PFU of standard VSV, most of them died between days 6 and 7, and the detection of standard genomic RNA correlated with paralysis and death. DI RNA was not detected in these mice. When mice were infected with 10(8) PFU of standard VSV together with an equivalent amount of DI particles, similar results were obtained. When fewer DI particles were inoculated together with standard virus, significant protection of mice occurred together with the detection of DI RNA. These results indicate that DI particles are protective in vivo and that the details of the virus-host interaction may resemble the cyclic growth patterns in cell cultures for standard VSV and its DI particles.
Neuronal Avalanches in Neocortical Circuits (2003)

Networks of living neurons exhibit diverse patterns of activity, including oscillations, synchrony, and waves. Recent work in physics has shown yet another mode of activity in systems composed of many nonlinear units interacting locally. For example, avalanches, earthquakes, and forest fires all propagate in systems organized into a critical state in which event sizes show no characteristic scale and are described by power laws. We hypothesized that a similar mode of activity with complex emergent properties could exist in networks of cortical neurons. We investigated this issue in mature organotypic cultures and acute slices of rat cortex by recording spontaneous local field potentials continuously using a 60 channel multielectrode array. Here, we show that propagation of spontaneous activity in cortical networks is described by equations that govern avalanches. As predicted by theory for a critical branching process, the propagation obeys a power law with an exponent of -3/2 for event sizes, with a branching parameter close to the critical value of 1. Simulations show that a branching parameter at this value optimizes information transmission in feedforward networks, while preventing runaway network excitation. Our findings suggest that "neuronal avalanches" may be a generic property of cortical networks, and represent a mode of activity that differs profoundly from oscillatory, synchronized, or wave-like network states. In the critical state, the network may satisfy the competing demands of information transmission and network stability.
Learning High Fidelity Depths of Dressed Humans by Watching Social Media Dance Videos (2021)

A key challenge of learning the geometry of dressed humans lies in the limited availability of the ground truth data (e.g., 3D scanned models), which results in the performance degradation of 3D human reconstruction when applying to real-world imagery. We address this challenge by leveraging a new data resource: a number of social media dance videos that span diverse appearance, clothing styles, performances, and identities. Each video depicts dynamic movements of the body and clothes of a single person while lacking the 3D ground truth geometry. To utilize these videos, we present a new method to use the local transformation that warps the predicted local geometry of the person from an image to that of another image at a different time instant. This allows self-supervision as enforcing a temporal coherence over the predictions. In addition, we jointly learn the depth along with the surface normals that are highly responsive to local texture, wrinkle, and shade by maximizing their geometric consistency. Our method is end-to-end trainable, resulting in high fidelity depth estimation that predicts fine geometry faithful to the input real image. We demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art human depth estimation and human shape recovery approaches on both real and rendered images.
Effects of Personal Salutations in E-mail Invitations to Participate in a Web Survey (2005)

Effects of personalizing survey invitations on response rates have been extensively researched in the realm of mail surveys. Commonly, it is found that response rates increase when personalization is applied. Recently, efforts have been made to investigate whether these findings extend to the field of Web surveys that use e-mail invitations. Using data from a Web experiment conducted among first-year university students, personalization of e-mail invitations is shown to have significantly increased the response rate by 7.8 percentage points. From the theory that personalization decreases the level of anonymity and perceived privacy, differences in responses to sensitive questions were expected. However, no effects of personalization on the responses to a question probing for respondents’ sexual behavior were found.
EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND SQUALENE ON COMPOSITION AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF SEAL BLUBBER OIL (1999)

ABSTRACT Effects of processing on constituents of seal blubber oil and that of squalene on oxidative stability of several oils were monitored. The content of α‐tocopherol in oil decreased during processing, especially at the bleaching and deodorization steps. There was also a concurrent reduction in the contents of squalene and free fatty acids, especially during deodorization. Oils treated with squalene did not show any improved oxidative stability and in some cases were even less stable.
Acoustic detection of single particles for neutrino experiments and dark matter searches (1987)

We are developing an entirely new type of particle detector, called a silicon crystal acoustic detector (SiCAD), which senses ballistic phonons generated when an incident particle collides with a nucleus or electron in a cube of crystalline silicon. For events which deposit energy greater than about 1 keV, a 1 kg SiCAD would have spatial resolution better than 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and energy resolution better than 100 eV. We describe our laboratory research utilizing carbon thermistors, superconducting transition edge devices, and superconducting tunnel junctions as phonon sensors on the crystal faces.
Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of Imines via Chiral Bis-π-allylpalladium Complexes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Allylation of Imines via Chiral Bis-π-allylpalladium ComplexesHiroyuki Nakamura, Kaori Nakamura, and Yoshinori YamamotoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 17, 4242–4243Publication Date (Web):April 18, 1998Publication History Received9 October 1997Published online18 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973540dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973540drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2184Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Allylation,Catalysts,Lewis acids,Ligands,Palladium Get e-Alerts