gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Coordination Chemistry of Quinoline-Based Fluorescence Probes for the Biological Chemistry of Zinc (1999)

Metal-specific fluorescence probes are of increasing importance in understanding the neurobiology and general cell biology of zinc. Several quinoline-based compounds such as TSQ and zinquin have been employed to detect zinc in fluorescence microscopy experiments in vivo; however, the aqueous solution chemistry remains equivocal. In some cases, this family of probes is said to reveal labile pools of Zn(II) inside the cell, yet in other cases, these probes are suggested to remove Zn(II) from tightly bound sites in proteins. Since the binding modes, coordination numbers, and thermodynamics of zinc−zinquin interactions in aqueous solution have not been established, these proposals are difficult to distinguish. Here we show that, under physiological conditions, the various forms of zinquin bind Zn(II) with a high degree of cooperativity forming 2:1 complexes. Potentiometric, UV−visible, and fluorescence methods all yield an overall binding constant of log K = 13.5 under physiological conditions. To put this number in perspective with other Zn chelators and biological ligands, we compare the calculated so-called pM values (−log[Zn(II)]free) for a series of compounds with different stoichiometries under a typical condition. The pZn value for zinquin (9.3) is similar to that of EGTA (9.5) but much smaller than the value for carbonic anhydrase (12.4) or EDTA (14.3) and, thus, serves as a useful gauge for comparing zinc affinities. With respect to in vivo applications of zinquin, such as intracellular fluorescence microscopy studies, we find that the typical detection limit for free Zn(II) in aqueous solution is 4 pM, or 0.3 parts per trillion, at pH 7.2. These results have implications for the availability of zinc in various intracellular compartments.
Double Winding, High-Voltage Cable Wound Generator: Steady-State and Fault Analysis (2004)

This paper describes a detailed circuit representation of synchronous machines equipped with two similar or dissimilar armature windings. The equivalent circuit at steady state is presented. The self and mutual leakage inductances of the two sets of three-phase stator windings are evaluated by the finite element method as well as an analytical method. The simulation results from a steady-state analysis as well as a fault analysis are verified experimentally on the world's first high-voltage generator Powerformer installed in Porjus, Sweden, rated at 45 kV and 11 MVA.
C‐Telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links (ICTP( and periodontal pathogens associated with endosseous oral implants (1998)

Detection of periodontal or peri-implant sites exhibiting progressing disease or those at risk of deterioration has proven difficult. Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a marker specific for bone degradation found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), has been associated with both bone and attachment loss in periodontitis and may be useful for predicting disease activity. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between ICTP levels and subgingival species around implants and teeth from 20 partially and 2 fully edentulous patients. GCF and plaque samples were collected from the mesiobuccal site of each implant and tooth. Radioimmunoassay techniques were utilized to determine GCF ICTP levels. Plaque samples were analyzed utilizing checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Traditional clinical parameters were assessed. Seventy-one implants and 370 teeth from 22 subjects were examined. ICTP levels and subgingival plaque composition were not significantly different between implants and teeth. Implant sites colonized by Prevotella intermedia, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii, and Streptococcus gordonii exhibited odds ratios of 12.4, 9.3, 8.1, and 6.7, respectively of detecting ICTP. These results suggest a relationship between elevated ICTP levels at implant sites and some species associated with disease progression. Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine whether elevated ICTP levels may predict the development of peri-implant bone loss.
Real-time shader rendering for crowds in virtual heritage (2005)

We present a method of fully dynamically rendered virtual humans with variety in color, animation and appearance. This is achieved by using vertex and fragment shaders programmed in the OpenGL shading language (GLSL). We then compare our results with a fixed function pipeline based approach. We also show a color variety creation GUI using HSB color space restriction. An improved version of the LOD pipeline for our virtual characters is presented. With these new techniques, we are able to use a full dynamic animation range in the crowd populating the Aphrodisias odeon (which is part of the ERATO project), i.e., a greater repertoire of animations, smooth transitions and more variety and speed. We show how a multi-view of the rendering data can ensure good batching of rendering primitives and comfortable constant time access.
SQZing cells to rapidly generate antigen presenting cells (APC) for solid tumor immune therapies with efficient, scalable manufacturing (2018)

Background: CD8 T cells are critical to immunotherapeutic intervention in cancer. However, the ability to efficiently target antigens for MHC-I presentation has limited the efficacy of immunization strategies. Here, we use microfluidics-based SQZ cell therapy platform to deliver antigen to the cytosol of target APCs, resulting in enhanced presentation on MHC-I. Given that no expansion time is required to engineer these APCs, this approach allows for rapid manufacturing of billions of non-conventional APCs capable of priming CD8+ T cell responses. Methods: Protein and peptide antigens were delivered to murine or human T cells with the SQZ cell therapy platform. The response to in vivo immunization of C57BL/6 mice was assessed by flow cytometry. Tumor experiments were conducted with the TC-1 cell line. Human T cells were co-cultured with epitope-reactive human responder CD8+ T cells, and interferon gamma production was quantified to assess antigen-specific responses. Results: In murine systems, we demonstrate that therapeutic immunization with T cells loaded with E7 using the SQZ platform are capable of eliciting strong anti-tumor effects. These anti-tumor responses correlate with an increase in antigen-specific CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that is dependent on the co-administration of an adjuvant. In human cells, we demonstrate that primary T cells loaded with CMV and HPV16 antigens using SQZ can stimulate antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vitro. Importantly, delivery to T cells scales from millions up to billions of cells per minute and antigen presentation is retained even after cryo-preservation. Conclusions: Through the direct cytosolic delivery of antigen, the SQZ cell therapy platform enables the use of T cells, a readily accessible and abundant cell type, to function as APCs for immunization. This strategy has demonstrated the ability to generate CD8+ T cell responses in both murine and human systems and has been scaled up for clinical implementation. With the ease and speed of manufacturing, these results have the potential to translate into a cellular immune therapy for oncology patients. Legal entity responsible for the study: SQZ Biotechnologies. Funding: SQZ Biotechnologies. Disclosure: S.M. Loughhead, M.G. Booty, K. Hlavaty, A. Vicente-Suarez, K. Blagovic, M. Myint, B. Stokes, D. Yarar, H. Bernstein, A. Sharei: Employee of SQZ Biotech.
Immunological studies in tropical spastic paraparesis (1990)

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and other chronic-progressive myelopathies have been clearly associated with increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). However, little is known about the cellular immune function in TSP. In the present study, activated T lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of patients with TSP. Specifically, there were increased numbers of large CD3+ cells that also expressed HLA-DR and interleukin-2-receptor molecules. A significantly elevated spontaneous lymphoproliferative response was demonstrated in all patients tested. Generation of measles virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell response was reduced in 4 of 4 patients. This was similar to previous findings in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, unlike multiple sclerosis, reduced generation of cytotoxic T-cell response to influenza and mumps viruses was observed in 2 of 4 patients. These observations confirm further the strong association between TSP and an HTLV-I-like virus and suggest that the observed abnormalities of the cellular immune response in TSP are related to infection of lymphocytes by the retrovirus.
Self-repairing polymers: poly(dioxaborolane)s containing trigonal planar boron (2005)

The molecular weight of poly(dioxaborolane)s can be controlled during the polymerization reaction or through post-polymerization processing in such a manner that hydrolytic damage to these materials may be repaired, thereby regenerating the polymer.
Electron Attachment and Ionization in Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide (1963)

Electron attachment and ionization cross section measurements have been made under single collision conditions both by an absolute and a comparative method, and are compared with recent relevant data. The corrections employed in the latter are seen to be valid in view of the good agreement with the absolute measurements. In the absolute measurements a Tate and Smith type apparatus is used where all the ions are collected and the measurements do not involve any kinetic energy or angular discriminations. Ionization cross sections for 80 eV electrons in the three gases oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are 2 76 × 10-16 cm2, 2.93 × 10-16 cm2 and 4.23 × 10-16 cm2 respectively, while the peak resonance attachment cross sections resulting in the formation of O- are 1.32 × 10-18 cm2, 2.18 × 10-19 cm2, 1.37 × 10-19 cm2 and 4.44 × 10-19 cm2 at 6 7, 10.1, 4 45 and 8.15 eV respectively. The value 1.37 × 10-19 cm2 at 4.45 eV corresponds to a second peak observed in carbon dioxide. Ionization potentials corresponding to the formation of positive ions and the onset potentials corresponding to the formation of negative ions in the dissociative process have been determined.
Measuring economic interdependence: A geopolitical perspective (1996)

Political scientists employ the concept of economic interdependence for three theoretical purposes: to evaluate whether expanding international economic ties diminish the autonomy of states; to study the relationship between international trade and international conflict; and to assess the efficacy of economic sanctions. To date, they have almost exclusively measured interdependence with crude indices which gauge the volume of international trade and factor price linkages. Consequently, they overlook the most strategically important aspect of trade: its material composition. We introduce a new method for measuring economic interdependence that considers the goods that are traded and the availability of substitutes or alternative supplies. Our Strategic Goods Test assesses a state's dependence on its potential adversaries for continued access to the resources that are essential for national survival. Applied to Anglo‐German economic relations before the First World War, our test reveals that earlier studies claiming that all states were considerably interdependent during this period are incomplete; although Germany was vulnerable to a cut‐off of its strategic goods, the United Kingdom was not.
Rank-SIFT: Learning to rank repeatable local interest points (2011)

Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) has been well studied in recent years. Most related research efforts focused on designing and learning effective descriptors to characterize a local interest point. However, how to identify stable local interest points is still a very challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a set of differential features, and based on them we adopt a data-driven approach to learn a ranking function to sort local interest points according to their stabilities across images containing the same visual objects. Compared with the handcrafted rule-based method used by the standard SIFT algorithm, our algorithm substantially improves the stability of detected local interest point on a very challenging benchmark dataset, in which images were generated under very different imaging conditions. Experimental results on the Oxford and PASCAL databases further demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm on both object image retrieval and category recognition.
Actuation of bistable buckled beams with Macro-Fiber Composites (2008)

In this paper, we talk about compliant bistable mechanisms, a class of mechanical systems that benefit from both compliance, allowing easy fabrication at small scales, and bistability, which brings two passive and stable positions. These properties make them first-class candidates for micro-switches, but also several other robotics appliances. We focus on the actuation of a simple class of bistable mechanisms, the compressed bistable beams, using an innovative smart material, the MFC (for macro-fiber composite). This kind of bistable system is made of a buckled beam, while the MFC is a piezo-based actuator, which can accept large extension deflections (up to 0.5% with a piezo technology). We discuss the impact of the actuator position, and show that it has a major impact on the system response and the switching excitation level. This helps to build more powerful systems and/or reduce the actuator size.
GÉNERO Y CIENCIA. A PROPÓSITO DE LOS "ESTUDIOS DE LA MUJER" EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES (2012)

En este artículo se aborda el proceso de desarrollo y la actualidad de los Estudios de la Mujer en las Universidades de muchos países, incluida España, como consecuencia de la incorporación de nuevas propuestas epistemológicas a numerosos ámbitos científicos. Se analiza el concepto de género y también la necesidad que está provocando el diálogo y la confrontación entre género y ciencia, de redefinir y/o de transformar muchos de los supuestos fundamentales que han prevalecido en las prácticas científicas. Se pone de manifiesto que, en el marco más amplio de los estudios sociales de la ciencia, la reflexión que están realizando en las últimas décadas especialmente muchas mujeres, desde diversos modos de entender los análisis y las prácticas feministas, ha contribuido a centrar la atención en algunas propuestas epistemológicas que e viten la reproducción de desigualdades en función del sexo. Y que el análisis crítico de las circunstancias que han causado la ausencia de mujeres en la ciencia y las consecuencias científicas de ello no pretende rectificar el pasado, sino abrir caminos a un conocimiento no sesgado por planteamientos androcéntricos. Se reconoce que la incorporación de esta perspectiva ha ayudado a flexibilizar certezas, a debilitar límites intradisciplinares y a enriquecer el debate intelectual de muchas personas y grupos. Palabras clave: Estudios de la Mujer. Universidad. Ciencia. Género. Feminismo. Siglo XX. España. Europa. Estados Unidos.ABSTRACT This paper deals with the process of development and the present of the Women's Studies at the universities of many countñes, Spain included, as a consequence of the incorporation of new epistemological proposals to many scientific realms. The concept ofgender is analized as well as the need, aroused by the dialog and confrontation between gender and science, of redeftning and/or transforming many ofthose fundamental assumptions which have prevailed in scientific practices. It is shown that within the wider frame of the social studies of science, the reflection accomplished during the last decades, specially by many women, from different ways of understanding feminist analysis and practices, has contñbuted to focus attention upon some epistemological proposals that avoid the reproduction of differences because ofsex. And also that the critical analysis of the circumstances which have caused the absence of women in science and the scientific consequences ofit, does not attempt to straighten out the past, but to open ways to a knowledge not biased by androcentric positions. It is acknowledged that the incorporation ofthis perspective has helped to make certainties more flexible, weaken interdisciplinar limits, and enrich the intelectual debate ofmany people and groups. Key words: Women's Studies. University. Science. Gender. Feminism. Women. XXth Century. Spain. Europe. United States.
θ-index of imagebase (1995)

In this paper, we study the possibility of using θ-index for retrieval of imagebase. Image retrieval is related to partition in an image space. If there exists a mapping from an image space to a feature space, the partition in the image space can be converted into a partition in the feature space. To retrieve an image, some features of the image must be identified. Feature identification can be considered as optimal assignment of some indices to images. This is equivalent to an optimal partition of image space into mutual exclusive regions, each corresponding to particular values of a set of indices. In our system, the feature extraction is implemented by a two-dimensional θ-transformation. The time complexity for a θ-transformation is very low. Therefore, for a certain class of images, θ- transformation is a very efficient algorithm for image indexing.
Enantiomerically Enriched .alpha.-Methyl Amino Acids. Use of an Acyclic, Chiral Alanine-Derived Dianion with a High Diastereofacial Bias (1995)

Hindered esters derived from N-benzoylalanine and the following chiral alcohols have been synthesized: (1) (-)-isopinocampheol; (2) (-)-<i>trans</i>-2-phenylcyclohexanol and (3) (-)-8-phenylmenthol. Sequential treatment of these esters with LDA (1.2 equiv.) and <i>n</i>-butyllithium (2.4 equiv.) at -78°C in THF generates the corresponding chiral dianions. Alkylation of each of these with benzyl bromide reveals that only the (-)-8-phenylmenthyl auxiliary confers a high diastereofacial bias upon its derivative dianion. In fact, that dianion (<b>6</b>) consistently displays diastereomeric ratios in the range of 89:11 to 94:6 for alkylations with a spectrum of nine alkyl halides. If one recrystallization step is included, a single diastereomeric product may be obtained, as is demonstrated for the benzylation of <b>6</b>. Of particular note, the alkylation with 3,4-bis(<i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyloxy)benzyl bromide (<b>18</b>) (94:6 diast. ratio, 72% yield) constitutes a formal synthesis of the clinically important antihypertensive (<i>S</i>)-α-methyl-DOPA (Aldomet), in enantiomerically enriched from. In all cases studied, yields are markedly improved, yet diastereoselectivities unchanged, by the addition of 10% HMPA to the reaction milieu. The (-)-8-phenylmenthol chiral auxiliary is conveniently recovered via ester cleavage with KO<sub>2</sub>/18-crown-6, following alkylation. Complete deprotection affords enantiomerically enriched (<i>S</i>)-α-methyl amino acids, in all cases examined, indicating that dianion <b>6</b> displays a substantial bias in favor of <i>si</i> face alkylation. This sense of diastereoselection is consistent with a chain-extended, internal chelate model for the reactive conformation of the dianion.
Keeping the LHC in power (2013)

The critical safety equipment around the LHC, including the machine protection systems, is connected to Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). In case of mains failure, the UPS systems continue to power, for a limited time, these critical systems and ensure a safe shutdown of the accelerator. This week, work began to upgrade and replace over 100 UPS systems in the LHC. The new UPS installations. For the LHC, even a perturbation on the mains is more than just an inconvenience: it often results in beam dumps and, in some cases, requires an energy extraction from superconducting circuits. When this occurs, machine protection systems, and in particular the Quench Protection System, must remain active to correctly carry out the shutdown procedure. With the UPS systems, 10 minutes of crucial power can be provided to the protection systems during this critical phase. There are currently two UPS systems in place in each one of the 32 LHC UPS zones. Originally one was used as a backup if the first system were to fail. Then, in 2009, a major upgrade on the UPS distribution was made in order to provide two independent and redundant power paths for the machine protection systems. “Redundant powering is the best solution for machine protection but in the present configuration, a failure of one of the UPS systems obliges us to shut down the accelerator,” explains Vincent Chareyre, Project Leader for the replacement of the UPS systems. The Electrical Engineering Group (EN-EL) will first replace the existing UPS systems with new ones based on a more robust technology. But also, an additional UPS system will be added to each zone. This third UPS system will act as a backup for the two UPS systems on the front line. The new three-system layout for the UPS systems at each zone. As Vincent Chareyre explains: “With the three-system layout in each one of the zones, the failure of a single UPS system will be invisible for the machine protection systems. The LHC will continue to run thus minimizing time lost for physics.” During LS1, around 170 UPS systems with their batteries will be installed. As most of these are used for the LHC, there is an additional logistical challenge to the operation. “Most of the UPS zones are located underground,” says Vincent Chareyre. “We will have to move more than 80 tons of electronics and more than 280 tons of batteries.” The operation will take over one year to complete, and will involve external contractors as well as members of the EN-EL Group.
Marrow Storage Techniques: A Clinical Comparison of Refrigeration versus Cryopreservation (1991)

Fifty-three patients were evaluated for a comparison of the efficacy, safety, and cost efficiency of bone marrow (BM) transplanted after either refrigeration or cryopreservation. Thirty-eight patients had BM stored at 4 degrees C for an average of 3 days and 15 patients had cryopreserved BM stored for an average of 56 days. The average number of cells harvested was 3.8 x 10(8)/kg. The time to WBC recovery greater than 1 x 10(9)/l was 17 days refrigerated and 23 days for cryopreserved BM. The time to platelet recovery greater than 20 x 10(9)/l was 24 days for refrigeration storage and 51 days for cryopreserved BM. Four of 38 patients with refrigerated vs. 4/15 patients with cryopreserved BM experienced delayed engraftment (p less than 0.05). Refrigeration storage requires no special equipment, is cheaper than and presents a safe and viable alternative to cryopreserved BM in reconstituting hemopoiesis following high-dose chemo-radiotherapy.
Stability of Proppant Pack Reinforced with Fiber for Proppant Flowback Control (1996)

Abstract A new method has been developed to prevent proppant flowback from a propped hydraulic fracture. The method consists of mixing the proppant with fiber elements before pumping the proppant into the fracture. The results of an experimental program, in which the goal was to better understand the mechanics of the reinforcing fiber on the proppant pack, are presented. The effects of fiber and sand properties on sandpack strength have been studied for an optimal use of the fiber. A macroscopic model has also been developed based on fiber and proppant properties. Laboratory tests on proppant with a low fiber content indicate a favorable agreement between the model prediction and the flowback tests.