gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NVCool: When Non-Volatile Caches Meet Cold Boot Attacks (2018)

Non-volatile memories (NVMs) are expected to replace traditional DRAM and SRAM for both off-chip and on-chip storage. It is therefore crucial to understand their security vulnerabilities before they are deployed widely. This paper shows that NVM caches are vulnerable to so-called "cold boot" attacks, which involve physical access to the processor's cache. SRAM caches have generally been assumed invulnerable to cold boot attacks, because SRAM data is only persistent for a few milliseconds even at cold temperatures. Our study explores cold boot attacks on NVM caches and defenses against them. In particular, this paper demonstrates that hard disk encryption keys can be extracted from the NVM cache in multiple attack scenarios. We demonstrate a reproducible attack with very high probability of success. This paper also proposes an effective software-based countermeasure that can completely eliminate the vulnerability of NVM caches to cold boot attacks with a reasonable performance overhead.
Presoot and Soot Formations in Heating of Hydrocarbon Fuels (1986)

The soluble and insoluble particles produced in heating the hydrocabon fuel have been measured to study the sooting processes. It is shown that soluble particles called presoot in this paper can be regarded as the "precursors", composed of heavy hydrocarbon droplets, and insoluble ones are composed of soot. Methane, propane, ethylene, and acetylene were employed as the fuel. As to the methane, propane, and ethylene, it is shown that presoot are produced in endothermic reactions and the overall activation energies are detemined from the Arrhenius plots of yields. In the case of acetylene, the reaction of soot formation is exothermic and presoot is not observed, because it grows into soot as soon as it forms by self-generating heat. Furthermore, it is shown that the effects of oxygen on both the presoot and soot formations are hardly detected and that the effective factors of fuel property are both the C/H ratio and the enthalpy of formation.
Electronic energy bands of BeS, BeSe and BeTe (1977)

The composite wave variational version of the APW method has been used in conjunction with the LCAO interpolation scheme to compute the energy bands and the joint density of states of the compounds BeS, BeSe and BeTe at various symmetry points and axes of the Brillouin zone. From these computed bands, all three materials are found to be semiconductors having band gaps of 6.10 eV, 4.75 eV and 1.49 eV, respectively. From the joint density of state characteristics, various optical transitions have also been predicted. The results have been favourably compared with those of Stukel. Since BeTe is found to be a small-gap semiconductor, its possible technological importance has also been emphasised.
Case Report: An Infant with cut throat (2014)

a 10 month old infant with severe injuries in zone I of neck reported to emergency was managed accordingly and survived. It was a rare incidence of homicidal assault by a father on child with a piece of glass. Father is a regular user of ganja (cannabis). In post-operative period there were complications which were taken care of. Proper and timely intervention is what that is needed in such injuries.
Low-V? electro-optic modulator with a high-?? chromophore and a constant-bias field (1998)

A low half-wave voltage V(pi) of 1.57 V was obtained with a 2-cm-long birefringent polymer waveguide modulator at a wavelength of 1.3 microm by use of a modulator design with a constant-bias electric field and a high-microbeta chromophore. The design allows the maximum achievable electro-optic coefficient of the material to be utilized. This electro-optic coefficient can be more than twice as high as the residue value that is used by conventional modulator designs, after fast partial relaxation following poling.
Effect of Unsaponifiable Lipid Components from the Red Alga<i>Porphyra tenera</i>on Pancreatic Carboxylesterase Activity toward Triacetin<i>In Vitro</i> (1983)

Journal Article Effect of Unsaponifiable Lipid Components from the Red Alga Porphyra tenera on Pancreatic Carboxylesterase Activity toward Triacetin In Vitro Get access Takeshi Komura, Takeshi Komura Sendai Shirayuri Junior College, Izumi, Miyagi 981-31, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Nagayama Hideo Nagayama The Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 47, Issue 2, 1 February 1983, Pages 383–387, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1983.10865627 Published: 01 February 1983 Article history Received: 11 August 1982 Published: 01 February 1983
Rare fetal monster in Holstein crossbred cow (2013)

This report describes a rare case of conjoined female twin monster (Monocephalus Thoracopagus Tetrabrachius Tetrapus Dicaudatus) in a Holstein Friesian pluriparous crossbred cow.
The <i>Chlamydia</i> outer membrane protein OmcB is required for adhesion and exhibits biovar‐specific differences in glycosaminoglycan binding (2007)

Chlamydia pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, causes a number of respiratory diseases. We explored the role of the conserved OmcB protein in C. pneumoniae infections, using yeast display technology. (i) Yeast cells presenting OmcB were found to adhere to human epithelial cells. (ii) Pre-incubation of OmcB yeast cells with heparin, but not other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), abrogated adhesion. (iii) Pre-treatment of the target cells with heparinase inhibited adherence, and GAG-deficient CHO cell lines failed to bind OmcB yeast. (iv) A heparin-binding motif present near the N-terminus of OmcB is required for host cell binding. (v) Pre-treatment of chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs) with anti-OmcB antibody or pre-incubation of target cells with recombinant OmcB protein reduced infectivity upon challenge with C. pneumoniae. (vi) Adhesion of fluorescently labelled EBs to epithelial or endothelial cells was abrogated by prior addition of heparin or OmcB protein. Thus, C. pneumoniae OmcB is an adhesin that binds heparan sulphate-like GAGs. OmcB from Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L1 also adheres to human cells in a heparin-dependent way, unlike its counterpart from serovar E. We show that a single position in the OmcB sequence determines heparin dependence/independence, and variations there may reflect differences between the two serovars in cell tropism and disease pattern.
Randomised Phase I/II trial assessing the safety and efficacy of radiolabelled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen I131KAb201 antibodies given intra-arterially or intravenously in patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2009)

Dose limiting toxicity for KAb201 with I(131) by the intra-arterial route was 50 mCi, while dose limiting toxicity was not reached in the intravenous arm.
Application of engineering processes analysis to evaluate benefits of mechatronic engineering (2012)

Mechatronic thinking in engineering is an upcoming trend in production system design and implementation. Several approaches and tools are considered and developed within the last years. Nevertheless, within practice the adoption of mechatronic engineering is not very fast. This is due to the required conviction of engineers about the benefits of mechatronic engineering. Within this paper methods of engineering process analysis are used to evaluate the benefits of mechatronic engineering.
Diaryl‐Substituted Azolylthioacetamides: Inhibitor Discovery of New Delhi Metallo‐β‐Lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1) (2014)

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a global public health problem. Metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) such as New Delhi MβL-1 (NDM-1) are principle contributors to the emergence of resistance because of their ability to hydrolyze almost all known β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. A clinical inhibitor of MBLs has not yet been found. In this study we developed eighteen new diaryl-substituted azolylthioacetamides and found all of them to be inhibitors of the MβL L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Ki < 2 μM), thirteen to be mixed inhibitors of NDM-1 (Ki < 7 μM), and four to be broad-spectrum inhibitors of all four tested MβLs CcrA from Bacteroides fragilis, NDM-1 and ImiS from Aeromonas veronii, and L1 (Ki < 52 μM), which are representative of the B1a, B1b, B2, and B3 subclasses, respectively. Docking studies revealed that the azolylthioacetamides, which have the broadest inhibitory activity, coordinate to the Zn(II) ion(s) preferentially via the triazole moiety, while other moieties interact mostly with the conserved active site residues Lys224 (CcrA, NDM-1, and ImiS) or Ser221 (L1).
The approach used in this book and its rationale (2009)

This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion on the purpose of the book, which is to provide readers with the ‘hands-on’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to deliver research for health policy, in the government, not-for-profit, and private sectors. It focuses on describing research for health policy in a heuristic, practice-based way. The chapter then discusses two assertions underpinning the approach in the book and three different kinds of sources used throughout the volume.
A note on switching times for time-optimal control systems (1970)

The transformed state equation is used to determine switching times for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> th-order optimal control problems, provided that the control is bang-bang with a maximum of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n - 1</tex> switches.
Review of using gallium nitride for ionizing radiation detection (2015)

With the largest band gap energy of all commercial semiconductors, GaN has found wide application in the making of optoelectronic devices. It has also been used for photodetection such as solar blind imaging as well as ultraviolet and even X-ray detection. Unsurprisingly, the appreciable advantages of GaN over Si, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), SiC, amorphous SiC (a-SiC), and GaAs, particularly for its radiation hardness, have drawn prompt attention from the physics, astronomy, and nuclear science and engineering communities alike, where semiconductors have traditionally been used for nuclear particle detection. Several investigations have established the usefulness of GaN for alpha detection, suggesting that when properly doped or coated with neutron sensitive materials, GaN could be turned into a neutron detection device. Work in this area is still early in its development, but GaN-based devices have already been shown to detect alpha particles, ultraviolet light, X-rays, electrons, and neutrons. Furthermore, the nuclear reaction presented by 14N(n,p)14C and various other threshold reactions indicates that GaN is intrinsically sensitive to neutrons. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art development of GaN detectors for detecting directly and indirectly ionizing radiation. Particular emphasis is given to GaN's radiation hardness under high-radiation fields.
Probabilistic Schedulability Guarantees for Dependable Real-Time Systems under Error Bursts (2011)

The fundamental requirement for the design of effective and efficient fault-tolerance mechanisms in dependable real-time systems is a realistic and applicable model of potential faults, their manifestations and consequences. Fault and error models also need to be evolved based on the characteristics of the operational environments or even based on technological advances. In this paper we propose a probabilistic burst error model in lieu of the commonly used simplistic fault assumptions in the context of processor scheduling. We present a novel schedulability analysis that accounts for the worst case interference caused by error bursts on the response times of tasks scheduled under the fixed priority scheduling (FPS) policy. Further, we describe a methodology for the calculation of probabilistic schedulability guarantees as a weighted sum of the conditional probabilities of schedulability under specified error burst characteristics. Finally, we identify potential sources of pessimism in the worst case response time calculations and discuss potential means for circumventing these issues.
AN ELECTRONIC RUMBLE STRIP (1997)

This paper describes a magnetic lateral guidance system that couples a sensitive magnetoresistive transducer with a magnetic traffic marking tape. This electronic rumble strip can also monitor both distance from the traffic lane edge and the speed of approach to the edge with a low cost sensor.
Regulatory Elements Mediating Transcription from the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Actin 5C Proximal Promoter (1990)

The major cytoskeletal actin gene of Drosophila melanogaster, the actin 5C gene, has two promoters, the proximal one of which controls constitutive synthesis of actin in all growing tissues. To locate regulatory elements required for constitutive activity of the proximal promoter, mutants of this promoter were fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and assayed for transient expression activity in cultured Drosophila embryonic Schneider line 2 cells. An essential regulatory element has been located 313 base pairs upstream from the cap site. Deletion of this element lowered expression to one-third of the wild-type level. The element has the sequence AAGTTGTAGTTG, as shown by protein-binding footprinting with the reagent methidiumpropyl-EDTA-Fe(II). This element is probably not a general one, since it was not detected in a search of the published 5'-flanking sequences of 27 Drosophila genes. In addition to this regulatory element, there are five GAGA elements in the actin 5C proximal promoter, some or all of which are essential for the promoter activity as shown by an in vivo competition assay. Although this promoter has no classical TATA element, there is an essential promoter region about 35 base pairs upstream from the cap site that could be a TATA surrogate. The promoter also shows sequences homologous to the alcohol dehydrogenase factor 1-binding site and to the core of the vertebrate serum response element, but mutations of these sites did not affect promoter activity in transient expression assays.
Branched Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Isomer Quantification and Characterization in Blood Serum Samples by HPLC/ESI-MS(/MS) (2009)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a global contaminant and is currently among the most prominent contaminants in human blood and wildlife samples. Although "total PFOS" (SigmaPFOS) analytical methods continue to be the most commonly used for quantification, recent analytical method developments have made it possible to resolve the various isomers of PFOS by HPLC-MS/MS. Characterized technical PFOS standards (i.e., containing a mixture of PFOS isomers) are now available that enable isomer specific quantification of PFOS, however the advantages of such an analysis have notyet been examined systematically. Herein, PFOS isomers have been individually quantified for the first time in real samples and the results are compared to a traditional SigmaPFOS method; the influence of analytical standards and isomer specific electrospray and MS/ MS behavior were also investigated. The two human serum standard reference materials chosen for analysis contained dramaticallydifferent PFOS isomer profiles (approximately 30-50% total branched isomers) emphasizing that isomer patterns should not be ignored and may provide useful information on exposure sources (i.e., direct exposure to PFOS vs indirect exposure from PFOS-precursors). Depending on the sample and the particular MS/MS transition chosen for SigmaPFOS analysis (i.e., 499-->80 or 499-->99), SigmaPFOS concentrations may be over- or underestimated compared to the isomer specific analysis. Differences in the extent of in-source fragmentation and MS/MS dissociation contributed to the systematic analytical bias. It was also shown that SigmaPFOS data are prone to interlaboratory variation due to various choices of PFOS standards and instrumental conditions used. In the future, for either SigmaPFOS or isomer specific PFOS analyses, we suggest that accuracy can be maximized and interlaboratory discrepancies minimized by using a common chemically pure technical PFOS standard characterized by 19F NMR.
The muc genes of pKM101 are induced by DNA damage (1983)

A gene fusion was constructed in vitro that resulted in the synthesis of a hybrid protein consisting of the amino-terminal segment of the MucB protein of the mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pKM101 joined to an enzymatically active carboxy-terminal segment of the beta-galactosidase protein. In strains bearing this fusion, beta-galactosidase activity was induced by UV radiation and other DNA-damaging agents. A genetic analysis of the regulation of expression of the phi (mucB'-lacZ') fusion was consistent with the LexA protein acting as the direct repressor of the mucB gene. Examination of the expression of the mucA and phi (mucB'-lacZ') gene products in maxicells in the presence and absence of a high-copy-number plasmid carrying the lexA+ gene demonstrated that lexA regulated both the mucA and mucB genes, thus supporting our conclusion that the two genes are organized in an operon with the mucA gene transcribed first. An analysis of the effects of the recA430(lexB30) mutation on muc expression led to the discovery of the differential ability of the recA430 gene product to induce expression of a dinB::Mu d1(Ap lac) fusion located on the chromosome and the same phi (dinB'-lacZ+) fusion cloned into plasmid pBR322. Models to account for the role of the recA430 allele on the expression of damage-inducible genes and on mutagenesis are discussed.
Cyclodextrin‐Derived Intrinsically Bioactive Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (2019)

Inflammation is a common cause of many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. A major limitation of existing anti-inflammatory therapeutics is that they cannot simultaneously regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. To overcome this limitation, nanoparticles (NPs) with multiple pharmacological activities are synthesized, using a chemically modified cyclic oligosaccharide. The manufacture of this type of bioactive, saccharide material-based NPs (defined as LCD NP) is straightforward, cost-effective, and scalable. Functionally, LCD NP effectively inhibits inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell migration for both neutrophils and macrophages, two major players of inflammation. Therapeutically, LCD NP shows desirable efficacies for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in mouse models of peritonitis, acute lung injury, and atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the therapeutic benefits of LCD NP are achieved by inhibiting neutrophil-mediated inflammatory macrophage recruitment and by preventing subsequent pro-inflammatory events. In addition, LCD NP shows good safety profile in a mouse model. Thus, LCD NP can serve as an effective anti-inflammatory nanotherapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mainly associated with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration.
A new method for Schwann-like cell differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (2013)

Peripheral nerve repair can be enhanced by Schwann cell transplantation, but the clinical application of this procedure is limited by donor site morbidity and the inability to quickly generate a sufficient number of cells. Thus, alternative cell systems for the generation of Schwann cells are desired. Schwann-like cell induced from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) may be one of the ideal alternative cell systems for Schwann cell generation. Although co-culture with Schwann cells or chemicals combined with a mixture of glial growth factors are often utilized for Schwann cell-like differentiation of ADSCs, these methods are usually complicated or expensive. In this experiment, the rat sciatic nerve was cut, and then soaked in culture medium for two days. The treated culture medium was used as an induction agent after filtering. The obtained ADSCs were incubated with the above induction culture medium for five days. Then, expression of the typical Schwann cell markers, S-100 and GFAP proteins was determined by immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting. The results showed that almost all of the treated ADSCs displayed a spindle shape like morphology after being incubated with induction culture medium for 24h and expressed S-100 and GFAP proteins after five days. All of these characteristics of differentiated rat ADSCs were similar to genuine Schwann cells. Thus, this new method, which utilized trophic factors secreted from sciatic nerve leachate, was capable of inducing ADSC differentiation into Schwann-like cell.
Experimental Study on Dry Reforming of Biogas for Syngas Production over Ni-Based Catalysts (2019)

Syngas production from dry reforming of biogas (DRB) is studied experimentally in this work. Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Pt/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Pt-Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are used as catalysts to examine the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> content in biogas and H<sub>2</sub>O addition on DRB performance for reaction temperatures in the 600-800 °C range. It is found that the bimetallic Pt-Ni catalyst exhibits the best activity and thermal stability among the three types of catalysts studied due to better carbon deposition resistance. Because CO<sub>2</sub> functions as the oxidant in combustion, CH<sub>4</sub> conversion is enhanced when the biogas contains more CO<sub>2</sub>. One hundred percent CO<sub>2</sub> conversion can be reached for biogas containing a less amount of CO<sub>2</sub> at high temperatures. With H<sub>2</sub>O addition in DRB, the steam reforming of methane (SRM) reaction is the dominant reaction, resulting in higher H<sub>2</sub> and CO yields with biogas containing lesser amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. However, lower CH<sub>4</sub> conversion and negative CO<sub>2</sub> conversion do result. With higher CO<sub>2</sub> content in the biogas, higher CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> conversions can be obtained. Lower yields of H<sub>2</sub> and CO are obtained due to less SRM dominance. With H<sub>2</sub>O addition in biogas, the H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio with a value greater than 1 can be obtained from DRB. It is also found that the H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio with a value of 2.1 can be obtained for reactant composition with a molar ratio of CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O = 1:0.25:1 and reaction temperature of 800 °C.
Photocurable Shape‐Memory Copolymers of <i>ε</i>‐Caprolactone and <scp>L</scp>‐Lactide (2010)

Abstract Biodegradable and photocurable block copolymers of ε ‐caprolactone and L ‐lactide were synthesized by polycondensation of PLLA diol ( $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 10 000 g · mol −1 ), PCL diol ( $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 10 000 g · mol −1 ), and a chain extender bearing a coumarin group. The effect of copolymer composition on the thermal and mechanical properties of the photocured copolymers was studied by means of DSC and cyclic tensile tests. An increase in Young's modulus and a decrease in the tensile strain with increasing PLLA content was observed for the block copolymers. Block copolymers with high PCL content showed good to excellent shape‐memory properties. Random copolymers exhibited R f and R r values above 90% at 45 °C for an extremely large tensile strain of 1 000%. magnified image
SWCNT-intercalated GO ultrathin films for ultrafast separation of molecules (2015)

Laminar separation membranes fabricated with two-dimensional nanomaterials have been extensively explored to achieve the separation of molecules and water purification.