gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomass with capture: negative emissions within social and environmental constraints: an editorial comment (2008)

Biomass has long been investigated both as a (nearly) CO2 neutral substitute for fossil fuels and as a means for sequestering carbon in terrestrial ecosystems (Kheshgi et al. 2000). More recently, the potential to integrate carbon capture and storage technologies (“CCS”)— conceived to enable fossil fuel use without atmospheric CO2 emissions—with bio-energy systems has emerged as a means to capture atmospheric carbon, fixed through photosynthesis, and sequester it from the atmosphere for geologic timescales (Obersteiner et al. 2001; Yamashita and Barreto 2004; Mollersten et al. 2003; Rhodes and Keith 2005). The ability of such integrated systems to produce energy products with negative net atmospheric carbon emissions could have important implications for mitigating anthropogenic climate change. The scale and timing of biomass-based mitigation is limited by the availability and cost of conversion technologies, many of which are currently inefficient or technologically immature. More fundamentally, it is limited by feasible scales of biomass production, estimates of which are highly uncertain and indicate that the capacities envisioned within aggressive proposals, including those by Read (2008), may not be achievable (Hoogwijk et al. 2003; Berndes et al. 2003). Concern for environmental, social, and economic impacts of biomass development may further constrain production below technically feasible levels. The current biofuels boom may be illustrative in this context. On the one hand, it demonstrates the feasibility of rapid, large-scale bio-energy deployments; while on the other hand, it provides examples of undesirable environmental and social consequences from large-scale biomass production (Ziegler 2007; Rosenthal 2007a, b). Climatic Change (2008) 87:321–328 DOI 10.1007/s10584-007-9387-4
Isolation of Neoxanthin from Spinach and its Prevention on Lipid Peroxidation (1993)

Neoxanthin, one of the major carotenoids in fresh spinach, was isolated and purified to its homogeneous form. The cytotoxicity of neoxanthin in C3H10T1/2 cells was investigated by measuring its relative plating efficiency (RPE). At lower concentrations (10^(-1)~10^(-3)μ)g/ml, neoxanthin slightly enhanced RPE (up to 126-130%), When the concentration was increased to 1μg/ml, neoxanthin exerted a strong inhibition on cell growth, with RPE at 15%. In a constructed xanthine oxidase and xanthine system, neoxanthin showed remarkable inhibition on malondialdehyde formation from human RBC membrane. Neoxanthin is 100-fold more ac live than β-carotene in its anti-oxidation activity. Using tritium labeled thymidine, uridine and leucine as markers, neoxanthin could inhibit the incorporation of 3H-lhymidine into DNA, but it could not affect incorporation of 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine into RNA and protein, respectively. Based on these findings, we suggest that neoxanthin might be a promising agent in cancer chemoprevention.
On the Relationship of Dielectrophoresis and Electrowetting (2002)

Electrostatic fields have two observable effects upon the hydrostatics of liquids. These are (i) a net force exerted on the liquid if the electric field is nonuniform and (ii) a change in the contact angle. For the case of electrodes coated with thin layers of dielectric material, both of these effects are most certainly electromechanical in nature. Though often seen to occur together, the bulk electromechanical and electrowetting effects are distinct and can be expected to occur independently under proper conditions. A derivation using the methods of lumped parameter electromechanics demonstrates that the net force on a liquid mass situated between two parallel, coated electrodes can be determined with no reference to the actual shape of the meniscus. By the very nature of its derivation, this electrostatic force cannot be localized as to where it acts on the liquid. The conclusion is that the term “electrowetting” should be restricted in its use to denote the effect of the electric field upon the contact angle. On the other hand, translational forces harnessed in certain microfluidic applications are better referred to as examples of the net electromechanical force resulting from electric field nonuniformity. The high-frequency limit of the electromechanical response, equivalent to the case of an insulative liquid, is recognized as liquid dielectrophoresis.
Basis for the Failure of<i>Francisella tularensis</i>Lipopolysaccharide To Prime Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (2006)

Francisella tularensis is the intracellular gram-negative coccobacillus that causes tularemia, and its virulence and infectiousness make it a potential agent of bioterrorism. Previous studies using mononuclear leukocytes have shown that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of F. tularensis is neither a typical proinflammatory endotoxin nor an endotoxin antagonist. This inertness suggests that F. tularensis LPS does not bind host LPS-sensing molecules such as LPS-binding protein (LBP). Using priming of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) oxidase as a measure of endotoxicity, we found that F. tularensis live vaccine strain LPS did not behave like either a classic endotoxin or an endotoxin antagonist in human PMNs, even when the concentration of LBP was limiting. Furthermore, F. tularensis LPS did not compete with a radiolabeled lipooligosaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis for binding to LBP or to the closely related PMN granule protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Our results suggest that the inertness of F. tularensis LPS and the resistance of F. tularensis to oxygen-independent PMN killing may result from the inability of F. tularensis LPS to be recognized by these important LPS-sensing molecules of the innate immune system.
Is colonic electrical activity a similar phenomena to small-bowel electrical activity? (1997)

Migrating long spike bursts were the only potentials that migrated, sometimes for short distances. Short spike bursts are a different phenomenon from the small-bowel migrating myoelectric complex because they do not migrate; they can occur during the postprandial period and never originated intraluminal pressure waves.
[Comparison and observation on chromosome telomeric associations in human lung cancer.]. (2000)

Compared with control group , human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and lung cancer chromosome has higher telomeric associations and most of themoccured in idiogramB , idiogram C and idiogram D. It will provide worthwhile data of cell genetics for further research work on early diagnosis and prognosis in human lung cancer.
Impact of Tryptophan Oxidation in Complementarity-Determining Regions of Two Monoclonal Antibodies on Structure-Function Characterized by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance (2018)

Trp oxidation in CDRs can adversely impact mAbs' conformation and antigen binding. Trp oxidation should be carefully evaluated as part of critical quality attribute assessments. Oxidation susceptible Trp should be closely monitored during process development for mAbs to establish appropriate analytical control for manufacturing of drug substance and drug product.
Error Resilient Content-based Image Authentication Over Wireless Channel (2005)

The pervasive distribution of digital images triggers an emergent need for authenticating degraded images by lossy compression and transmission. This paper proposes a robust content-based image authentication scheme for image transmissions over wireless channels. A robust multiscale based feature is used to generate the digital signature. The feature vector is reduced, encoded, and encrypted as signature of the image. This signature is then embedded into the image using a blind quantization based watermarking algorithm. Typical distortion patterns of malicious image manipulations and image transmissions over lossy channels are used for image authenticity verification. This scheme is also able to detect tampering areas in the attacked image. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of our scheme.
[Synthesis and pharmacological properties of des-9-glycine analogs of [Orn8]vasopressin]. (1988)

Three new analogues of vasopressin, viz. des-Gly9-[Phe2, Orn8]vasopressin, diglycyl-des-Gly9-[Phe2, Orn8]vasopressin, and diglycyl-des-Gly9-[Val4, Orn8]vasopressin, were synthesized to investigate the structure-function relationship. Hormonal (vasopressor, antidiuretic, uterotonic, galactogogic) activities of the new compounds were determined, their effect on elaboration and retention of the active avoidance behaviour in rats was studied.
Influence of Physical Factors in Igniting Pulverized Coal (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of Physical Factors in Igniting Pulverized CoalBimalendu Ghosh and A. A. OrningCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 1, 117–121Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50541a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50541a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Expression of Human Erythrocyte Pyruvate Kinase in Erythroid Cells: A Gene Therapy Approach (2007)

Human pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), an autosomal recessive disorder produced by mutations in the PKLR gene, is the most common cause of chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Transduction of wild-type erythroid (R-type) pyruvate kinase (RPK) cDNA into deficient hematopoietic stem cells could be of potential use as rescue therapy in severe clinical cases. In this study, gammaretroviral vectors expressing human RPK were designed as possible gene therapy candidates for this disease. Through real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and flow cytometric analysis, we demonstrate stable RPK expression in both undifferentiated and differentiated murine erythroleukemia cells. In this in vitro assay, the proportion of transduced cells and the intensity of expression of the transgene remained unaltered after 6 months of culture. Moreover, transplanting human RPK-transduced Lin(-)Sca-1(+) mouse cells in myeloablated primary and secondary recipients rendered high proportions of erythroid precursors and mature erythrocytes expressing RPK, without inducing hematopoietic effects. These findings suggest that retroviral vectors could be useful for the delivery and expression of RPK in erythroid cells, and provide evidence of the potential use of gene therapy strategies to phenotypically correct erythroid PKD.
Low Temperature Performance of COTS Electronic Components for Martian Surface Applications (2006)

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components were tested over the Martian temperature range for their use in a Mars proximity microtransceiver development project. These COTS components include off-chip IF filters, off-chip TCXOs, and on-chip components such as MOSFETS, resistors and capacitors. The on-chip components are from a rad-hard silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) IC process. Novel methods were developed to reliably measure component characteristics at cryogenic temperatures. Measurements were then taken from 25/spl deg/C to -120/spl deg/C in steps of 20/spl deg/C. The results achieved look promising and provide useful information for analog circuit designers developing circuitry for extreme low temperature ranges.
Gone, But Not Forgotten: The Current State of Private Computing (Short Paper) (2013)

Private data comes in many forms: web browser histories, chat logs, sensitive word processor documents, network proxy logs, and many more. Some applications – primarily web browsers – now support private modes that aim to prevent sensitive information leaks. There are two problems with this application-level approach. First, there are many software engineering challenges in implementing correct and complete private modes. More fundamentally, applications cannot always tell which data is private – this is up to the user. As a result, applications that do support private modes may not implement the user’s desired policy, and many other applications that process private data do not have a private mode at all, because the developers did not consider that use case. In this paper, we present a case for private computing mode as a system service, rather than a per-application feature. We specify the threat model and the goals of the private computing mode, and argue that the applications alone cannot achieve these goals. We briefly describe our ongoing work on developing a private computing mode service
Combining 2D wavelet edge highlighting and 3D thresholding for lung segmentation in thin-slice CT (2007)

The first step in lung analysis by CT is the identification of the lung border. To deal with the increased number of sections per scan in thin-slice multidetector CT, it has been crucial to develop accurate and automated lung segmentation algorithms. In this study, an automated method for lung segmentation of thin-slice CT data is presented. The method exploits the advantages of a two-dimensional wavelet edge-highlighting step in lung border delineation. Lung volume segmentation is achieved with three-dimensional (3D) grey level thresholding, using a minimum error technique. 3D thresholding, combined with the wavelet pre-processing step, successfully deals with lung border segmentation challenges, such as anterior or posterior junction lines and juxtapleural nodules. Finally, to deal with mediastinum border under-segmentation, 3D morphological closing with a spherical structural element is applied. The performance of the proposed method is quantitatively assessed on a dataset originating from the Lung Imaging Database Consortium (LIDC) by comparing automatically derived borders with the manually traced ones. Segmentation performance, averaged over left and right lung volumes, for lung volume overlap is 0.983+/-0.008, whereas for shape differentiation in terms of mean distance it is 0.770+/-0.251 mm (root mean square distance is 0.520+/-0.008 mm; maximum distance is 3.327+/-1.637 mm). The effect of the wavelet pre-processing step was assessed by comparing the proposed method with the 3D thresholding technique (applied on original volume data). This yielded statistically significant differences for all segmentation metrics (p<0.01). Results demonstrate an accurate method that could be used as a first step in computer lung analysis by CT.
Design of $X$-Band RF CMOS Transceiver for FMCW Monopulse Radar (2008)

In this paper, an X-band CMOS single chip integrating 16 building blocks is developed for frequency modulation continuous wave radar application. The quadrature and monopulse transceiver consists of a voltage-controlled oscillator, amplifiers, Wilkinson power dividers, 90deg hybrid low-noise amplifiers, rat-race hybrid, a single-pole double-throw switch, an active bandpass filter (BPF), and mixers. The transceiver is fabricated in a standard mixed-signal/RF bulk 0.18-mum CMOS technology with a chip area of 2.6 mm 3.3 mm, including contact pads. The transceiver is implemented by meandered complementary-conducting-strip transmission lines demonstrating their capability of miniaturizing circuits such as 90deg hybrid and rat-race hybrid with 95% and 98% size reduction compared to the prototype designs, respectively. The active BPF consumes 4.5 mW achieving 0-dB insertion loss at the passband. The total power consumption of the transceiver is 0.35 W. Output power of the transmitter is 1 dBm with a 35-dB second harmonic suppression. Moreover, the on-chip isolations between T/R in this compacted transceiver are more than 60 dB. The measured receiver gain and NF are -4.5 and 11.5 dB, respectively. Finally, the obtained in-phase and quadrature signals demonstrate 0.6-dB amplitude and 7deg phase imbalance.
Neoceptor Concept Based on Molecular Complementarity in GPCRs:  A Mutant Adenosine A<sub>3</sub> Receptor with Selectively Enhanced Affinity for Amine-Modified Nucleosides (2001)

Adenosine A(3) receptors are of interest in the treatment of cardiac ischemia, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. In an effort to create a unique receptor mutant that would be activated by tailor-made synthetic ligands, we mutated the human A(3) receptor at the site of a critical His residue in TM7, previously proposed to be involved in ligand recognition through interaction with the ribose moiety. The H272E mutant receptor displayed reduced affinity for most of the uncharged A(3) receptor agonists and antagonists examined. For example, the nonselective agonist 1a was 19-fold less potent at the mutant receptor than at the wild-type receptor. The introduction of an amino group on the ribose moiety of adenosine resulted in either equipotency or enhanced binding affinity at the H272E mutant relative to wild-type A(3) receptors, depending on the position of the amino group. 3'-Amino-3'-deoxyadenosine proved to be 7-fold more potent at the H272E mutant receptor than at the wild-type receptor, while the corresponding 2'- and 5'-amino analogues did not display significantly enhanced affinities. An 3'-amino-N(6)-iodobenzyl analogue showed only a small enhancement at the mutant (K(i) = 320 nM) vs wild-type receptors. The 3'-amino group was intended for a direct electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged ribose-binding region of the mutant receptor, yet molecular modeling did not support this notion. This design approach is an example of engineering the structure of mutant receptors to recognize synthetic ligands for which they are selectively matched on the basis of molecular complementarity between the mutant receptor and the ligand. We have termed such engineered receptors "neoceptors", since the ligand recognition profile of such mutant receptors need not correspond to the profile of the parent, native receptor.
23-GHz and 123-GHz soliton pulse generation using two CW lasers and standard single-mode fiber (1994)

Theoretical and experimental results for 23-GHz and 123-GHz near-transform-limited soliton pulse generation at 1.55 μm is presented. The technique uses soliton compression of the beat signal between two CW lasers in standard commercially available single-mode optical fiber and does not require longitudinal variation of the fiber dispersion.
Der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk im digitalen Zeitalter (2008)

Zu Ehren von Fritz Raff, Intendant des Saarländischen Rundfunks und bis Ende 2008 ARD-Vorsitzender, vereinigt die Festschrift eine Fülle von Beiträgen namhafter Experten zu aktuellen Fragen des Medienrechts, der Medienpolitik und der Medienethik. Funktion, Finanzierung und Zukunft des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung werden ebenso behandelt wie das Zusammenspiel von gesetzlicher Rahmensetzung und interner Steuerung/„Governance“ unter Einschluss der Gremienkontrolle, die Aufsicht im Rundfunk allgemein, die mit der Übertragung von audiovisuellen Angeboten mittels Satellit und Internet verbundene Problematik sowie die Medienordnung in Deutschland und Europa. Zudem werden die inhaltlichen Leistungen der Angebote und die Sicherung ihrer Qualität betrachtet. Mit welchen Zielen und Mitteln geht die Medienpolitik die durch die Digitalisierung eintretenden Änderungen an? Vielfaltssicherung, die Belange des Rundfunks bei der Frequenzpolitik, Herausforderungen für das Radio und das mobile Fernsehen, so lauten hier einige der Themen.
Survey of Wireless Based Indoor Localization Technologies (2014)

The market of localization based service (LBS) is expanding. The acquisition of physical location is the fundamental basis for LBS. GPS, the de facto standard for outdoor localization, does not work well in indoor environment due to the blocking of signals by walls and ceiling. To acquire high accurate localization in indoor environment, many techniques have been developed. The vision based localization involves camera and computer vision technologies which increase the cost. Accelerometer based localization will accumulate the error made by each localization prediction. Wireless based indoor localization can achieve low cost and high accuracy at the same time. In this paper, a systematic analysis of the wireless based indoor localization is conducted. Firstly, we compare the wireless technologies that have been used for localization in recent literatures. The wireless technologies are divided by the distance of coverage. They vary in frequency band and popularity which determine their unique characteristics when used for indoor localization. After that, we explain the mathematical techniqes are used in wireless based localization. Proximity based method can only provide approximate location based on link or connect information. Triangulation can be used to determine angle or distance information retrieve from the received signals from three or more beacon stations to obtain user location. Fingerprint assumes the signal property in each point is different, the location can be found by comparing with pre-built radio-maps. In the end of the paper, we have summarized four trends in the researches in wireless based indoor localization. The use of multiple wireless technologies and cooperation with other technologies can help cover the defect in one technology. Incorporating multiple mathematical methods can reduce the error and increase the accuracy. The advent of mobile phones also provides a ideal device as user device for indoor localization.
Magnetization reversal in irradiation-fabricated nanostructures (2000)

We study the magnetization reversal mechanisms of buried submicron magnetic nanostructures fabricated by ion irradiation through a patterned mask. By means of 30 keV He+ ion irradiation of Co–Pt multilayers, we have produced a nearly optical contrast-free, planar array of magnetically hard lines embedded in a softer matrix. Magnetization reversal in these nanostructures exhibits specific features: Low field nucleation centers and preferred domain wall propagation paths are located at the borders between irradiated and nonirradiated areas. The magnetization reversal dynamics is limited everywhere by domain wall motion, ensuring a relatively weak spread of coercive forces. In contrast with usual magnetic nanostructures, the coercivity of irradiation-fabricated lines decreases when reducing their size. Modeling of the irradiation process when performed through a mask indicates that in such a geometry, the irradiation effects are not homogeneous. It arises from collateral damage around the mask. An irradiation overshoot occurs in the vicinity of the mask edges: Depending on mask width, it can extend to a few hundred nanometers and reach up to +34% of the nominal fluence. Both magnetically hard and soft area coercivities are affected by this overshoot. A semiquantitative analysis of these dependencies is presented. It allows us to understand the magnetic properties of irradiation-fabricated nanostructures in a wide size interval.