gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Generation of Monoclonal IgG-Producing Hybridomas by Use of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Mediated Cell Fusion (1991)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-mediated cell fusion was recently proposed as an alternative fusion technique to generate monoclonal antibody (MAb)-producing hybridomas. In order to further examine this technique, we made direct comparative experiments among VSV, Sendai virus (SV) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated cell fusion in generating MAb-producing hybridomas. The distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes secreted by the hybridomas obtained, as well as hybridoma yield and specific hybridoma yield, was compared. The results show that VSV-fusion yielded almost the same number of specific hybridomas as SV- and PEG-fusion in spite of its lower fusion frequency. In addition, VSV-fusion preferentially gave Ig-producing, especially IgG-producing, hybridomas. SV-fusion yielded both hybridomas and specific hybridomas with similar frequency to PEG-fusion, but IgM-producers predominated. These results demonstrate that fusion method has a considerable influence on the isotypes of obtained antibodies, and also suggest an advantage of VSV-fusion for production of IgG monoclonal antibodies.
Structure—function studies of oligosaccharides of recombinant human thyrotrophin by sequential deglycosylation and resialylation (1994)

Recombinant human thyrotrophin (rhTSH) contains oligosaccharides terminating in -galactose-sialic acid, and had lower metabolic clearance and higher in vivo bioactivity compared to pituitary hTSH, which has oligosaccharides terminating predominantly in -N-acetylgalactosamine-sulphate. Previous studies using complete removal of the oligosaccharide chains showed an important role for the carbohydrate in the biological activity of the hormone. In the present study, we have determined the contribution of the individual monosaccharides to hormonal activity by sequential deglycosylation of rhTSH using exoglycosidases. We have also investigated the effect of resialylation of desialylated rhTSH using sialyltransferases. Sequential removal of sialic acid, galactose or N-acetylglucosamine resulted in a > 10-fold increase in the in vitro bioactivity of rhTSH. The metabolic clearance of the derivatives was faster than that of intact hormone, but agalacto-rhTSH was cleared slower than asialo-rhTSH. However, the in vivo bioactivity decreased progressively with each monosaccharide removal. The increased cyclic AMP-stimulating activity, increased metabolic clearance and the decreased in vivo biologic activity were all reversed by resialylation of the terminal galactose residues. These results indicate that the in vitro, as well as the in vivo, bioactivities of rhTSH are modulated by terminal sialylation. The effects of sequential deglycosylation on the in vitro activity of rhTSH are different from those reported earlier for human chorionic gonadotrophin. Thus, modification of the oligosaccharides by glycosidases and glycosyltransferases can be used as a powerful tool to delineate the function of carbohydrate in glycoproteins and to engineer more potent hormone analogues with a longer half-life and/or higher bioactivity.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase from the pinewood nematode <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria (2005)

We report the cloning and functional characterization of an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. This is the first gene of this type from any nematode species. We show that a similar cDNA is also present in another closely related species B. mucronatus, but that similar sequences are not present in any other nematode studied to date. The B. xylophilus gene is expressed solely in the oesophageal gland cells of the nematode and the protein is present in the nematode's secretions. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene is very similar to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 proteins. The recombinant protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, preferentially hydrolysed the beta-1,3-glucan laminarin, and had very low levels of activity on beta-1,3-1,4-glucan, lichenan and barley beta-glucan. Laminarin was degraded in an endoglucanase mode by the enzyme. The optimal temperature and pH for activity of the recombinant enzyme were 65 degrees C and pH 4.9. The protein is probably important in allowing the nematodes to feed on fungi. Sequence comparisons suggest that the gene encoding the endo-beta-1,3-glucanase was acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. B. xylophilus therefore contains genes that have been acquired by this process from both bacteria and fungi. These findings support the idea that multiple independent horizontal gene transfer events have helped in shaping the evolution of several different life strategies in nematodes.
Sequential model of phage PRD1 DNA delivery: active involvement of the viral membrane (2002)

DNA translocation across the barriers of recipient cells is not well understood. Viral DNA delivery mechanisms offer an opportunity to obtain useful information in systems in which the process can be arrested to a number of stages. PRD1 is an icosahedral double-stranded (ds)DNA bacterial virus with an internal membrane. It is an atypical dsDNA phage, as any of the vertex spikes can be used for receptor recognition. In this report, we dissect the PRD1 DNA entry into a number of steps: (i) outer membrane (OM) penetration; (ii) peptidoglycan digestion; (iii) cytoplasmic membrane (CM) penetration; and (iv) DNA translocation. We present a model for PRD1 DNA entry proposing that the initial stage of entry is powered by the pressure build-up during DNA packaging. The viral protein P11 is shown to function as the first DNA delivery protein needed to penetrate the OM. We also report a DNA translocation machinery composed of at least three viral integral membrane proteins, P14, P18 and P32.
A Survey on Smartphones Systems for Emergency Management (SPSEM) (2016)

Emergency never runs with earlier intimations and indications. In the real world and practical life, detecting and perceiving such emergencies and reporting them are a genuine test and tough challenge. Smartphones Systems for Emergency Management (SPSEM) provide details of existing emergency applications and provide a new direction to overcome the traditional problem having manual intercession and reporting emergencies. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of SPSEM. We elaborate how embedded sensors automate the procedure of emergency crisis detection and responding. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the operations, benefits, limitations, emergency applications and responsiveness in any emergency crisis of different approaches. We provide an easy and concise view of the underlying model adapted by each SPSEM approach. In last, we estimate the future utility and provide an insight of upcoming trends in SPSEM
Strokelets: A Learned Multi-Scale Mid-Level Representation for Scene Text Recognition (2016)

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of automatic scene text recognition, which involves localizing and reading characters in natural images. We investigate this problem from the perspective of representation and propose a novel multi-scale representation, which leads to accurate, robust character identification and recognition. This representation consists of a set of mid-level primitives, termed strokelets, which capture the underlying substructures of characters at different granularities. The Strokelets possess four distinctive advantages: 1) usability: automatically learned from character level annotations; 2) robustness: insensitive to interference factors; 3) generality: applicable to variant languages; and 4) expressivity: effective at describing characters. Extensive experiments on standard benchmarks verify the advantages of the strokelets and demonstrate the effectiveness of the text recognition algorithm built upon the strokelets. Moreover, we show the method to incorporate the strokelets to improve the performance of scene text detection.
Chemical Profiling of 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Tablets Seized in Hong Kong (2003)

During 2000-2001, the Government Laboratory of Hong Kong received over 600,000 ecstasy tablets in more than 2,600 cases. Using GC-MS or FTIR, the major amphetamine-type stimulants were identified, and the samples were categorized into four groups containing: (1) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), (2) methamphetamine (MA), (3) 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), or (4) amphetamine. Our study revealed that in Hong Kong MDMA tablets have made up 98 and 71% of the total ecstasy tablets examined in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Among the MDMA cases, 613 cases involving a total of 123,776 tablets in 2001 were randomly selected, and their active ingredients, minor ingredients, and/or impurities were studied using GC-MS and HPLC. Based on the chemical profiles, and irrespective of their different physical characteristics, tablets obtained in different seizures could be determined as to whether or not they could have come from a common origin. The impurities detected in the MDMA tablets also served as excellent chemical markers from which plausible synthetic route(s) of the MDMA were inferred. Our study revealed that 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanol (MDP), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylbenzylamine (MDB), piperonal and N-formyl-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (N-formyl-MDMA) were the most common impurities detected in MDMA tablets seized in Hong Kong. The finding of the phosphate salt of MDMA is intriguing. Based on a presumptive color test, spectroscopic data (FTIR/ESI-MS) and the percentage of MDMA content in a purified phosphate salt of MDMA, the ratio of the phosphate to MDMA was determined to be 1:1, suggesting that the compound is a dihydrogen phosphate salt [i.e. (HMDMA)H2PO4].
Carbon Monoxide Signature in Human Body: Measured Data and GIS Physiology (2016)

Human body bio-effluent comprises of Carbon monoxide (CO). The CO concentration was measured to find out if its signature was present, if it may impact the indoor odor, and if it serves as a surrogate to CO2 concentration in the indoor air. On the contrary, a pattern emerged when the data was compared with U.S. Department of Health. The human body burden and CO signature could be tweaked into transient high mode, which may be significant, and might impact long-term exposure effects, health, and the meditational slow exhaling exercise/work-out. There is scope for new track of research on the CO body burden, CO related to the end stage decay, corresponding carbon dioxide body burden, and combined (CO2+CO) relative physiology and toxicity
A Fully Integrated Three-Level Isolated Single-Stage PFC Converter (2014)

For low-cost isolated ac/dc power converters adopting high-voltage dc-link, research efforts focus on single-stage multilevel topologies. This paper proposes a new single-stage three-level isolated ac/dc PFC converter for high dc-link voltage low-power applications, achieved through an effective integration of ac/dc and dc/dc stages, where all of the switches are shared between two operations. With the proposed converter and switching scheme, input current shaping and output voltage regulation can be achieved simultaneously without introducing additional switches or switching actions. In addition, the middle two switches are turned on under zero current in discontinuous conduction mode operation, and the upper and bottom switches are turned on under zero voltage. Due to the flexible dc-link voltage structure, high power factor can be achieved at high line voltage. A 500 W/48 V prototype is designed to serve as the proof of concept, which exhibits 90.8% peak efficiency at low input line voltage.
Sorting-based selection algorithms for hypercubic networks (2002)

This paper presents several deterministic algorithms for selecting the kth largest record from a set of n records on any n-node hypercubic network. All of the algorithms are based on the selection algorithm of Cole and Yap (1985), as well as on various sorting algorithms for hypercubic networks. The authors fastest algorithm runs in O(lg n lg*n) time, very nearly matching the trivial Omega (lg n) lower bound. Previously, the best upper bound known for selection was O(lg n lg lg n).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling Consumer Preferences and Price Sensitivities from Large-Scale Grocery Shopping Transaction Logs (2017)

In order to match shoppers with desired products and provide personalized promotions, whether in online or offline shopping worlds, it is critical to model both consumer preferences and price sensitivities simultaneously. Personalized preferences have been thoroughly studied in the field of recommender systems, though price (and price sensitivity) has received relatively little attention. At the same time, price sensitivity has been richly explored in the area of economics, though typically not in the context of developing scalable, working systems to generate recommendations. In this study, we seek to bridge the gap between large-scale recommender systems and established consumer theories from economics, and propose a nested feature-based matrix factorization framework to model both preferences and price sensitivities. Quantitative and qualitative results indicate the proposed personalized, interpretable and scalable framework is capable of providing satisfying recommendations (on two datasets of grocery transactions) and can be applied to obtain economic insights into consumer behavior.
Synthesis of some novel α-cyanoketene S,S-acetals and their use in heterocyclic synthesis (1997)

A variety of novel α-cyanoketene S,S-acetals, readily prepared by the reaction of cyanoacetanilides or cyanothioacetamide with carbon disulfide, followed by alkylation, react smoothly with nucleophiles to afford variously substituted methylthio derivatives of pyrrole, pyrazole, pyridine and pyrimidine.
ORGANIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS: I. AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF HEXAFLUOROACETONE (1955)

The synthesis of hexafluoroacetone reported recently by Brice, Lazerte, Hals, and Pearlson has been improved in several particulars. Teflon was depolymerized to tetrafluoroethylene which was then dimerized to give a 50% yield of perfluoroisobutene in one step. Oxidation of the latter at 35–40 °C. with aqueous potassium permanganate gave a 75% yield of hexafluoroacetone hydrate. The vapor pressure of hexafluoroacetone was measured between −60 ° and −28 °C.
SuperCSP/sup TM/ (2000)

SuperCSP is fabricated by building up the interposer with high reliability encapsulant on the chip by wafer level packaging technology. New encapsulation technology enables real chip-sized package from a package perspective. It is also a known good encapsulated die (KGED) from a die perspective. The reasons why board level reliability of SuperCSP is good regardless of extremely low bump-standoff height are as follows. (1) The C.T.E of encapsulant for SuperCSP is close to that of motherboard, so that the encapsulant layer effectively reduces stress occurring in the solder interconnecting portion. (2) Encapsulant with high adhesive strength reinforces and fixes the delicate connecting portion of chip and post, and also does not allow its deformation. (3) Connecting portion of solder ball and post has a strong structure and can tolerate the stress because solder balls catch hold of the whole surface of metal posts, which stick out from the encapsulant and have a mound like structure.
Cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) Ototoxicity in the Guinea Pig (1981)

Cochleas from 12 guinea pigs were evaluated using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy after systemic administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP). Administration of cis-DDP resulted in loss of the Preyer reflex and degeneration of outer hair cells (OHC) with increased dose. The OHC degeneration was most pronounced in the basal turns of the cochlea with greatest severity in the inner row. Ultrastructural evidence of OHC degeneration included dilatation of the parietal membranes, softening of the cuticular plate, increased vacuolization and increased numbers of lysosome-like bodies in the apical portion of the cell. Supporting cells appeared more sensitive than OHC. Alteration of supporting cell ultrastructure preceded detectable change in OHC. Injury to the supporting cells was noted with intracellular vesiculation and increased autophagocytosis.
Addition of thiols to styrenes: formation of benzylic thioethers (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAddition of thiols to styrenes: formation of benzylic thioethersM. Belley and R. ZamboniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1230–1232Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Design and Implementation of a Distributed Access Control System Based on Trust-Management (2005)

The security problems of the open coordination software environment make great influence on the develop- ment and application of the software systems. Trust management is a new approach to solve these security problems ef- fectively. By analyzing the security problems of the open coordination software systems and the limitations of the tradi- tional trust management systems, this paper designs and implements a distributed access control system, DACBTM, based on trust management, which is suitable for the application system in the open coordination software environment. The system can evaluate the trust relationship between software entities by the approach of trust-evaluation. We also present an improved, effective algorithm for the collection of the security information, which provides a reasonable mechanism to solve the shortness of the security information in the open coordination software environment.
CHILD HYGIENE (1923)

CHILD HYGIENE Affiliation Taliaferro Clark CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.13.10.889 Published Online: August 30, 2011
Improving the frequency stability of microwave oscillators by utilizing the dual-mode sapphire-loaded cavity resonator (2002)

The design and experimental testing of a novel control circuit to stabilize the temperature of a sapphire-loaded cavity whispering gallery resonator-oscillator and improve its medium-term frequency stability is presented. Finite-element software was used to predict frequencies and quality factors of WGE7,0,0 and the WGH9,0,0 modes near 9 GHz, and separated in frequency by approximately 80 MHz. Calculations show that the novel temperature control circuits from the difference frequency can result in a frequency stability of better than one part in 1013 at 270 K. Also, we present details on the best way to couple orthogonally to two modes of similar frequency but different polarization.
Low Viscous Compounds of Highly Nematic Character (1983)

Abstract Mixtures of broad nematic temperature ranges that permit acceptably short switching times of electro-optical displays at −40°C can be composed of compounds of relatively low polarity and high transition temperatures from the nematic to the isotropic state (T NI. Structures combining 1,4-phenylene and trans-1,4-cyclohexylene rings are particularly suited for this purpose.
An On-Chip Test Clock Control Scheme for Multi-Clock At-Speed Testing (2007)

To test timing-related faults between synchronous clocks, an at-speed test clock and an automatic test pattern generation scheme are needed. However, previous work on designing on-chip at-speed test clock controllers for multi-clock has quadratic increasing area overhead along with linearly increasing clocks. This paper presents a clock-chain based test clock control scheme using an internal phase-locked-loop (PLL) as the at-speed test clock generator, which supports at-speed testing for inter-clock domain and intra-clock domain logic. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design has low area overhead when increasing the number of clocks.
Colony size distributions as a measure of in vivo and in vitro aging. (1978)

Individual human diploid cells plated at low cell density and incubated for 2 weeks develop into colonies ranging in size from one cell to several thousand cells. The resultant colony size distribution is an accurate indicator of the number of subsequent in vitro population doublings that can be attained by the parent culture. This relationship holds for both human fetal lung and adult skin fibroblast cultures. In addition, the colony size distributions obtained from fetal, young adult, and old adult human cell cultures at the same low level of in vitro passage are indicative of the in vivo age of the level of in vitro passage are indicative of the in vivo age of the cell culture donor. Cell cultures of fetal origin give rise to the highest percentage of colonies with significant proliferative abilities, whereas cultures from old adults give rise to the lowest percentage of large colonies. Therefore, colony size distributions appear to be good indicators of both in vitro and in vivo human cellular aging.
Adaptive MAC Protocol for a Cable Modem (1997)

Cable plants were initially designed for one-way\nbroadcast communication (from the head-end to the neighborhood). They\nare now being upgraded to provide an upstream path (from the home to the\nhead-end). New challenges arise in using the upstream channel since\nthe available bandwidth is low and the noise levels are high. In this\npaper we present a MAC protocol especially designed to efficiently\nshare the scarce upstream capacity. The protocol dynamically adjusts\noperating parameters to the current workload on the system. The\ncontrol mechanism does not require any framing structure and is built\naround a "sea of mini-slots". The performance under both static and\nhighly dynamic loads is close to optimum. The station implementation\nis particularly simple and the downstream control structure is also\nsimple. Results are given here for fixed length data units (ATM cells)\nbut the algorithm extends very simply to variable length MAC frames.
The relation between deformation recovery and in-situ stress magnitudes (1983)

The Waist Circumference and Waist by Hip Ratio have stronger correlation with blood pressure components than Body Mass Index even in normal subjects.