gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Coupling-of-Modes Analysis in Surface Acoustic Wave Device Performed by COMSOL Multiphysics (2011)

Practical two-dimensional (2D) simulation is required in the analysis of surface acoustic wave (SAW) responses and in the design of SAW devices. As one of the 2D simulation methods, 2D coupling-of-modes (2D-COM) equations were adopted to analyze SAW behaviors on a surface plane. However, the method solving equations analytically lacks versatility and simplicity. In this paper, we propose a method that solves equations numerically by a finite element method (FEM) to realize high versatility. To verify the validity of this method, we carried out a 2D analysis for a two-port resonator by this method. An analysis model can be built simply by using a commercial FEM tool that can solve arbitrary equations. The simulation result obtained by this method is in good agreement with previous analytical and measured ones.
Influence of glass-ceramic thickness on Hertzian and bulk fracture mechanisms. (1998)

The authors conclude that bulk fracture is initiated within the bonded surface of a glass-ceramic specimen (for samples 0.4 to 2.4 mm in thickness) when the glass-ceramic is supported by a substrate with an elastic modulus similar to that of dentin. Furthermore, a Hertzian failure mechanism is unlikely to cause bulk fracture for these conditions.
Editor's outlook (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTEditor's outlookNeil E. Gordon Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1927, 4, 1, 5Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1927Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1927Published inissue 1 January 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p5RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A complete formal semantics of x86-64 user-level instruction set architecture (2019)

We present the most complete and thoroughly tested formal semantics of x86-64 to date. Our semantics faithfully formalizes all the non-deprecated, sequential user-level instructions of the x86-64 Haswell instruction set architecture. This totals 3155 instruction variants, corresponding to 774 mnemonics. The semantics is fully executable and has been tested against more than 7,000 instruction-level test cases and the GCC torture test suite. This extensive testing paid off, revealing bugs in both the x86-64 reference manual and other existing semantics. We also illustrate potential applications of our semantics in different formal analyses, and discuss how it can be useful for processor verification.
Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Seed Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (2002)

The effects of sinusoidal vibration (40-120 Hz, amplitude equal to or smaller than 0.42 mm) on seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana were examined. When the amplitude of vibration was fixed at 0.42 mm, vibration with frequencies higher than 70 Hz increased the rate of seed germination. When the frequency of vibration was fixed at 100 Hz, vibration with amplitudes larger than 0.33 mm also increased the rate of germination. The increase in the rate of germination appeared dependent on acceleration calculated from the frequency and amplitude of vibration. Vibration with a maximum acceleration of 70 m s(-2) increased the rate of germination, but the promotive effects leveled off at higher accelerations. Vibration had little effect on seed germination in a starch-deficient mutant, pgm. Thus, the amyloplasts appeared to act as a susceptor that senses mechanical vibrations. No vibration-induced promotion of germination was seen in an ethylene-insensitive mutant, etr1, or in the wild type in the presence of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, suggesting that vibration increased the rate of seed germination through the action of ethylene.
Drugs: Getting a Fix on the Problem and the Solution (1990)

Everyone agrees that the nation confronts an urgent drug problem. But the problem wears various faces.\nMost threatening is drug related violence. Daily, vicious murders are attributed to drug feuds. More rarely, but more frighteningly, innocent citizens are caught in the cross fire between warring gangs, or murdered for their opposition to drug dealing. Statistics show dramatic increases in drug related homicides in New York, Los Angeles, Detroit, and Washington.
α<sub>1a/1d</sub>-selective adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (2008)

Background: Although α1 adrenergic receptor blockers can be very effective for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS), their usage is limited by cardiovascular-related side effects that are caused by the subtype nonselective nature of many current drugs. To overcome this problem, it was hypothesized that an α1a/1d subtype selective antagonist would be efficacious yet produce less side effects, and hence would bring greater benefit for the therapy of BPH/LUTS. Unfortunately, such highly selective α1a/1d antagonists were not available, making the validation of the new hypothesis impossible. Objective/method: This review disclosed several series of α1a/1d subtype selective antagonists that have been discovered and developed by Johnson & Johnson recently. These compounds show equal and potent affinity for both α1a and α1d subtypes with good selectivity versus the α1b subtype. Some analogues also possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Conclusion: Although discovery of α1a/1d subtype selective antagonists paves the way for future research, the effectiveness of α1a/1d subtype selective antagonist in BPH/LUTS patients still needs to be proven in clinical trials. This patent review will focus on the latest progress in this field from 2006 to present.
El castro del Castillejo en Igea (La Rioja) (2003)

En este articulo se da a conocer el yacimiento de Castillejo (Igea, La Rioja), con dos fases de ocupacion pertenecientes a la primera y segunda Edad del Hierro. Se trata de un habitat tipo castro, que se adscribe al mas amplio ciclo de cultura prerromana del Sistema Iberico (Soria-La Rioja).
Generating Adversarial Examples with Adversarial Networks (2018)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been found to be vulnerable to adversarial examples resulting from adding small-magnitude perturbations to inputs. Such adversarial examples can mislead DNNs to produce adversary-selected results. Different attack strategies have been proposed to generate adversarial examples, but how to produce them with high perceptual quality and more efficiently requires more research efforts. In this paper, we propose AdvGAN to generate adversarial examples with generative adversarial networks (GANs), which can learn and approximate the distribution of original instances. For AdvGAN, once the generator is trained, it can generate adversarial perturbations efficiently for any instance, so as to potentially accelerate adversarial training as defenses. We apply AdvGAN in both semi-whitebox and black-box attack settings. In semi-whitebox attacks, there is no need to access the original target model after the generator is trained, in contrast to traditional white-box attacks. In black-box attacks, we dynamically train a distilled model for the black-box model and optimize the generator accordingly. Adversarial examples generated by AdvGAN on different target models have high attack success rate under state-of-the-art defenses compared to other attacks. Our attack has placed the first with 92.76% accuracy on a public MNIST black-box attack challenge.
Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins (1992)

This finding is consistent with the notion that schizophrenia involves pathology of and dysfunction within a widely distributed neocortical-limbic neural network that has been implicated in, among other activities, the performance of cognitive tasks requiring working memory.
Wee1 Inhibition by MK-1775 Leads to Tumor Inhibition and Enhances Efficacy of Gemcitabine in Human Sarcomas (2013)

Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous mesenchymal tumors affecting both pediatric and adult populations with more than 70 recognized histologies. Doxorubicin and ifosfamide have been the main course of therapy for treatment of sarcomas; however, the response rate to these therapies is about 10-20% in metastatic setting. Toxicity with the drug combination is high, response rates remain low, and improvement in overall survival, especially in the metastatic disease, remains negligible and new agents are needed. Wee1 is a critical component of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control and mediates cell cycle arrest by regulating the phosphorylation of CDC2. Inhibition of Wee1 by MK1775 has been reported to enhance the cytotoxic effect of DNA damaging agents in different types of carcinomas. In this study we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of MK1775 in various sarcoma cell lines, patient-derived tumor explants ex vivo and in vivo both alone and in combination with gemcitabine, which is frequently used in the treatment of sarcomas. Our data demonstrate that MK1775 treatment as a single agent at clinically relevant concentrations leads to unscheduled entry into mitosis and initiation of apoptotic cell death in all sarcomas tested. Additionally, MK1775 significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine in sarcoma cells lines with different p53 mutational status. In patient-derived bone and soft tissue sarcoma samples we showed that MK1775 alone and in combination with gemcitabine causes significant apoptotic cell death. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic studies showed that MK1775 induces significant cell death and terminal differentiation in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model of osteosarcoma in vivo. Our results together with the high safety profile of MK1775 strongly suggest that this drug can be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of both adult as well as pediatric sarcoma patients.
Downregulation of uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 using small, interfering, hairpin RNA (siRNA) inhibits glioma cell invasion, angiogenesis and tumor growth (2004)

The diffuse, extensive infiltration of malignant gliomas into the surrounding normal brain is believed to rely on modification of the proteolysis of extracellular matrix components. Our previous results clearly demonstrate that uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 concentrations increase significantly during tumor progression and that tumor growth can be inhibited with antisense stable clones of these molecules. Because antisense-mediated gene silencing does not completely inhibit the translation of target mRNA and high concentrations of antisense molecules are required to achieve gene silencing, we used the RNAi approach to silence uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 in this study. We examined a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven DNA-template approach to induce hairpin RNA (hpRNA)-triggered RNAi to inhibit uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 gene expression with a single construct. uPAR protein levels and enzymatic activity of uPA and MMP-9 were found to significantly decrease in cells transfected with a plasmid expressing hairpin siRNA for uPAR, uPA and MMP-9. pU(2)M-transfected SNB19 cells significantly decreased uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 expression compared to mock and EV/SV-transfected cells, determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the single constructs for these molecules was a specific inhibition of their respective protein levels, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis. After transfection with a plasmid vector expressing dsRNA for uPA, uPAR and MMP-9, glioma-cell invasion was retarded compared with mock and EV/SV-treated groups, demonstrated by Matrigel-invasion assay and spheroid-invasion assay. Downregulation of uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 using RNAi inhibited angiogenesis in an in vitro (co-culture) model. Direct intratumoral injections of plasmid DNA expressing hpRNA for uPA, uPAR and MMP-9 significantly regressed pre-established intracranial tumors in nude mice. In addition, cells treated with RNAi for uPAR, uPA and MMP-9 showed reduced pERK levels compared with parental and EV/SV-treated SNB19 cells. Our results support the therapeutic potential of RNAi as a method for gene therapy in treating gliomas.
Evaluation of the load impedance in coaxial cable via time-frequency domain reflectometry (2003)

A new impedance measurement methodology based on time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR) is proposed. For the evaluation of the reflection coefficient in time-frequency domain reflectometry, the distortion of the reflected wave by the frequency-dependent attenuation is compensated which otherwise results in inaccurate impedance measurement. Also, the phase difference between the incident and reflected waveforms caused by the state of the load impedance is evaluated by the cross time-frequency distribution which provides time-frequency localized phase difference information. The proposed methodology is verified by a set of numerical electromagnectic simulation experiments and the results are compared with classical time domain reflectometry (TDR). Impedance measurement via time-frequency domain reflectometry is more accurate over a wider range of impedances than TDR.
Engineered Biosynthesis of the Peptide Antibiotic Bacitracin in the Surrogate Host Bacillus subtilis (2001)

Nonribosomal peptides are processed on multifunctional enzymes called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), whose modular multidomain arrangement allowed the rational design of new peptide products. However, the lack of natural competence and efficient transformation methods for most of nonribosomal peptide producer strains prevented the in vivo manipulation of these biosynthetic gene clusters. In this study, we present methods for the construction of a genetically engineered Bacillus subtilis surrogate host for the integration and heterologous expression of foreign NRPS genes. In the B. subtilis surrogate host, we deleted the resident 26-kilobase srfA gene cluster encoding the surfactin synthetases and subsequently used the same chromosomal location for integration of the entire 49-kilobase bacitracin biosynthetic gene cluster from Bacillus licheniformis by a stepwise homologous recombination method. Synthesis of the branched cyclic peptide antibiotic bacitracin in the engineered B. subtilis strain was achieved at high level, indicating a functional production and proper posttranslational modification of the bacitracin synthetases BacABC, as well as the expression of the associated bacitracin self-resistance genes. This engineered and genetically amenable B. subtilis strain will facilitate the rational design of new bacitracin derivatives.
A direct method of data exchange between XML and relational database (2004)

There is a great need of data exchange between XML and RDB (relational database) in many Web services and applications, which is implemented by XSLT currently, using a flat XML document as an intermediary and describing the transformation by XSLT. This process is indirect and low-performance, especially dealing with complex structure or massive data. In this paper, we propose a new approach with a set of mapping rules and a direct process to make the exchange simpler and more effective
Stability and bifurcation analysis of differential-difference-algebraic equations (2001)

This paper treats a nonlinear dynamical system with both continuous-time and discrete-time variables as a differential-difference-algebraic equation (DDA) or a hybrid dynamical system, presents a fundamental analyzing method of such a DDA system for local sampling, asymptotical stability, singular perturbations and bifurcations, and further shows that there exist four types of generic codimension-one bifurcations at the equilibria in contrast to two types in continuous-time dynamical systems and three types in discrete-time dynamical systems. Finally the theoretical results are applied to digital control of power systems as an example. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our results are useful.
Trichuris suis in finishing pigs: Case report and review (2010)

Trichuris suis, the swine whipworm, can cause severe diarrhea, anorexia, and performance losses owing to reduced average daily gains and decreased feed efficiency. Severity of disease and impact on performance are related to infectious dose or concurrent infections. Trichuris suis is present in modern swine operations, but is an uncommon and perhaps neglected diagnosis. This paper describes an incidental finding of T suis in a finishing facility, with negligible impact on production, but demonstrates the continued presence of the parasite in modern swine production. This paper also provides a current review of T suis, trichuriasis, and control strategies.
Experimental investigation of variation of backscattered power level with numerical aperture in multimode optical fibres (1982)

Experiments have been performed to determine how the backscattered power level varies with numerical aperture. It is found that graded-index fibres are more sensitive to such variations than step-index fibres. By taking into account the dependence of the Rayleigh scattering coefficient on numerical aperture, the experimental results agree well with theory.
Cutting Edge: Identification of c-Rel-Dependent and -Independent Pathways of IL-12 Production During Infectious and Inflammatory Stimuli (2002)

The production of IL-12 is required for immunity to many intracellular pathogens. Recent studies have shown that c-Rel, a member of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors, is essential for LPS-induced IL-12p40 production by macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate that c-Rel is also required for IL-12p40 production by macrophages in response to Corynebacterium parvum, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, anti-CD40 and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid. However, c-Rel(-/-) mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii produce comparable amounts of IL-12p40 to infected wild-type mice and have an IL-12-dependent mechanism of resistance to this infection. Furthermore, c-Rel was not required for IL-12p40 production by macrophages or dendritic cells in response to soluble Toxoplasma Ag, and neutrophils from c-Rel(-/-) mice contain normal amounts of preformed IL-12p40. Together these studies reveal the presence of c-Rel-dependent pathways critical for IL-12p40 production in response to inflammatory stimuli and demonstrate a novel c-Rel-independent pathway of IL-12p40 production during toxoplasmosis.
Heart Rate Variability in Insomniacs and Matched Normal Sleepers (1998)

Because increased low frequency spectral power is an indicator of increased sympathetic nervous system activity, these data imply that chronic insomniacs could be at increased risk for the development of disorders, such as coronary artery disease, that are related to increased sympathetic nervous system activity.
AN APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER INTO A FLOOD-FLOW MEASUREMENT (2004)

An acoustic doppler current profiler with low noise data and high resolution (HR-ADCP) recently developed has high potential to measure shallow-water flow like flood flow in river. In the present study, to examine the vertical structure of flood flow in river, we have attempted to apply the HR-ADCP into a flood-flow measurement in the Edo River. The observed data shows characteristic vertical structure of the velocity in the main channel that the relation between water elevation and velocity in the surface layer is quite different from that in the bottom layer. It is also noted that the friction velocity and vertical current profile in the main channel vary considerably in the rising and falling stages of the flood.
A Survey of the SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) and Multi-Key Cryptographically Generated Addresses (MCGAs) (2007)

Most recently computer network products support Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) on additionally. In IPv6 network, nodes on the same link use neighbor discovery (ND) to discover their default routers on the local link, to determine each other's link-layer addresses, to find routers and to maintain reachability information about the paths to active neighbors. But ND does not have a secure mechanism to protect itself. Because of this, the ND protocol was implemented with the ICMP message types. Previously in IPv4 network, the ICMP message was not treated as a secure manner. In IPv6 network, nevertheless, there is a necessity of protection mechanism because ND has many automated function standing in a network operator's shoes in the network. To secure ND, IETF SEND working group organized and standardized a secure neighbor discovery (SEND) protocol for the ND protection mechanism. But it cannot provide security for the ND proxy, which is required for mobility. Therefore a new mechanism called a multi-key cryptographically generated addresses (MCGAs) was proposed. In this paper, we survey researches on SEND protocol and MCGAs.
Microphone arrays for speech processing (2002)

Microphone arrays can capture desired signals and attenuate interfering noise and reverberation in multipath environments. Hands-free speech technologies can therefore be supported using microphone arrays. This article considers delay-and-sum beamformers, advanced array technology using matched-filters and hands-free speaker identification using microphone arrays.
[Absorption of the antibody formation to anticartilage-antiparathyroid antibodies administered into the rectum (author's transl)]. (1981)

The absorption of and specific antibody formation to Artroglobina (:AG, beta and gamma-globulin fractions of anticartilage-antiparathyroid immune serum from the horse) administered into the rectum were studied in rats and guinea-pigs, an immunological tests in the "Phase I Study" were carried out using serum from volunteers. 1) When the radio-labelled AG (125I-AG) was administered into the rat rectum, the plasma level of 125I reached the maximum (3.1% of the total dosage) at 2 hour later and 0.3 per cent of the total dosage retained the reactivity with the anti-Fab antibody. 2) Gel diffusion and PCA tests gave positive reactions in the sera after the second administration of AG in a dose of 20 mg/kg, corresponding to 40 times the clinical dose, with a certain interval after the first treatment. From the results, it was confirmed that rectally-administered AG induces mainly IgG or IgE antibody formation, in the rat. 3) The administration of AG through the rectum did not induce the systemic anaphylaxic reaction in the guinea-pigs which had been administered AG into the rectum. The intravenous challenge, however, resulted in a positive anaphylaxic reaction in animals treated with AG rectally. This indicates the sensitization of the animal with AG by the rectal administration. 4) The specific antibody responses, immune complexes and complement values did not change in the sera of volunteers given AG which consisted of alternating cycles of twelve days of treatment with one suppository daily, and twelve days without treatment, in a clinical dose of 25 mg. Nevertheless, AG must be carefully prescribed as higher doses given to experimental animals induced adverse immunological effects.