gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Studies on antimalarials. XI. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of some 2,4-diamino-6-(N-substituted-p-chlorobenzylamino)quinazoline derivatives]. (1984)

Thirty three 2, 4-diamino-6-(N-substituted-p-chlorobenzylamino)-quinazolines were synthesized. These compounds were prepared by treatment of 2, 4-diamino-6-p-chlorobenzylamino quinazoline(Ⅰ) with acyl chloride, sulfonyl chloride, isosulfocyanate or acrylonitrile, the corresponding compounds(20～30) were obtained respectively. Some substituted amino methyl compounds(31～33) were prepared by Mannich reaction of(Ⅰ). Moreover, the nitroso derivative(5) of(Ⅰ) through reduction afforded amino-compound(14) which was condensed with the appropriate benzaldehyde to give the requisite Schiff bases(15～19).Suppressive therapeutic tests in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei showed that ten(1, 2, 5～8, 14, 20, 21, 26) out of these compounds produced 90% suppression of the parasites when administered orally at dose of 20 mg/kg/d × 3. Twenty six compounds(1～12, 14, 20～22, 24～33) given orally at dose of 5 mg/kg/d × 3 were shown to possess causal prophylactic activity against P. yoelii in mice. When the regimen was reduced to 0.625 mg/kg/d × 3 thirteen compounds(5～12, 20, 21, 26, 31, 33) were shown to prevent the test mice from being infected. In tests against P. cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys, four compounds(1, 8, 20, 25) were found to be less effective than primaquine and pyrimethamine in the same dosage level.
Spacecraft Line-of-Sight Control Using a Single Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyro (2006)

Complete attitude control of a spacecraft is not possible with only one single-gimbal variable-speed control moment gyro due to the conservation of angular momentum. However, partial attitude control without violating the angular momentum conservation principle is still possible. In this paper feedback controllers using only one single-gimbal variable-speed control moment gyro are presented that drive all three components of the angular velocity of a rigid spacecraft to zero, while at the same time a spacecraft body-axis points along an arbitrary inertial direction. To solve this problem, we first introduce a pair of angles to parametrize all feasible final spacecraft orientations at rest without violating the angular momentum constraint Based on this parametrization, an LQR control law is designed to locally achieve the control objective. Afterwards, a multistage control law is proposed to achieve the same control objective for large initial conditions.
Laser doppler interferometry on magnetic recording systems (1985)

Laser Doppler interferometry is used to determine the six components of velocity of read/write heads in magnetic disk files. These measurements are made on production drives in which the only alteration is the installation of a window so that the laser beams can be directed onto any of the four corners of the slider. A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is used to measure the out-of-plane velocity of the four corners from which we calculate the out-of-plane velocity of the geometric center as well as the pitch and roll of the slider. A laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measures the in-plane velocity of the four corners, which gives the radial and tangential velocity of the geometric center and the yaw of the slider. We are also using the LDV for the measurement of disk runout and surface topography as well as suspension and actuator vibration. These measurements allow us to determine the natural frequencies of the slider bearing, the rotating disk, the actuator, and the suspension arm. In this paper we summarize some of the results we have obtained using this method on various 5-1/4" and 8" rigid disk drives that employ "Winchester" and "mini-Winchester" sliders together with stepper motor and servo controlled actuators of both the linear and swing arm designs.
Effects of increasing dose of live cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus (Strain NP 51) combined with a single dose of Propionibacterium freudenreichii (Strain NP 24) on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers1 (2007)

Two experiments, each with a randomized complete block design, were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding live cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus plus Propionibacterium freudenreichii on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. British and British x Continental steers (240 steers in each experiment; 12 pens/treatment in each study; average initial BW = 370 +/- 6 kg) were fed a 92% concentrate diet based primarily on steam-flaked corn. Four treatments were evaluated, which included a control diet (lactose carrier only) or diets containing 1 x 10(9) cfu/(steer x d) of P. freudenreichii (strain NP 24) with 1 x 10(7) (L), 1 x 10(8) (M), or 1 x 10(9) (H) cfu of L. acidophilus strain NP 51/(steer x d). Data were pooled for the 2 experiments. No differences (P > 0.10) were detected among treatments for final BW, final BW based on HCW, or DMI during various stages of the feeding period or overall. Likewise, no differences among treatments were observed for either ADG or carcass-adjusted ADG (P > 0.10), except for the tendency for a quadratic effect of NP 51 dose for the overall feeding period (P = 0.10), in which cattle fed M had a lower ADG than those fed L and H. Gain efficiency on a live BW basis was improved (P = 0.02) by NP 51 treatments compared with the control, with G:F responding quadratically to NP 51 dose for the overall feeding period (P = 0.05). In contrast to G:F based on live BW, carcass-adjusted G:F tended (P = 0.14) to decrease linearly with increasing NP 51 dose because the dressing percent tended (P = 0.12) to be less for steers fed direct-fed microbial compared with control cattle. Within the direct-fed microbial treatments, there also was a tendency (P = 0.13) for a linear decrease in the dressing percent as the NP 51 dose increased. No differences were observed in other carcass characteristics (P > 0.10), except tendencies for a quadratic increase in marbling score (P = 0.11) and percentage of USDA Choice cattle (P = 0.10). These data indicate that live cultures of L. acidophilus strain NP 51 plus P. freudenreichii strain NP 24 increased G:F of feedlot cattle fed steam-flaked corn-based diets by approximately 2%, but the effects depended on the dose of Lactobacillus.
Microstructure determination of methyl methacrylate and <i>n</i>‐butyl acrylate copolymers synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization with two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy (2005)

Abstract Copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n ‐butyl acrylate ( n ‐BA) were synthesized under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions. The molar infeed ratio was varied to obtain copolymers with different compositions. Methyl 2‐bromo propionate was used as the initiator with CuBr/Cu(0)/ N , N , N ′, N ″, N ″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as the catalyst at 60 °C. Molecular weight distribution was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Copolymer compositions ( F M ) were calculated from 1 H NMR spectra. Reactivity ratios calculated with the Mao–Huglin terminal model at a high conversion were found to be r M = 2.17 and r B = 0.47. The polymerization mechanism was studied with the α‐methyl region of MMA. The backbone methylene and carbonyl carbons of both MMA and n ‐BA units were found to be compositionally as well as configurationally sensitive. Complete spectral assignments were performed with the help of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectroscopy along with total correlated spectroscopy (TOCSY). Further, the assignments of the carbonyl region were made with the help of heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMBC) spectroscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1100–1118, 2005
Differential effects of flavonoids on bovine kidney low molecular mass protein tyrosine phosphatase (2006)

Among the structurally related flavonoids tested on the bovine kidney low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMrPTP) activity, quercetin activated by about 2.6-fold the p-nitrophenyl-phosphate (p-NPP)-directed reaction, in contrast to morin that acted as a competitive inhibitor, with Ki values of 87, 73 and 50 microM for p-NPP, FMN, and tyrosine-phosphate, respectively. Other related flavonoids, such as rutin, kaempferol, catechin, narigin, phloretin and taxifolin did not significantly affect the LMrPTP activity. The positions of the hydroxyl groups in the structures of the flavonoids were important for their distinct effects on LMrPTP activity. The hydroxyl groups at C3' and C4' and the presence of a double bond at C2 and C3 were essential for the activating effect of quercetin. The absence of the 3'-OH (kaempferol), absence of the double bond (taxifolin) and the presence of the sugar rutinose at the 3-OH (rutin) suppressed the effect of quercetin. The C2'- and C4'-hydroxyl groups, the presence of the double bond, and a C4-ketone group were important requirements for the inhibitory effects of morin.
Monitoring Drug Efflux from Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Single Cancer Cells with Microvoltammetry (1999)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the eventual cross-resistance of certain cancer cells to a series of chemically unrelated drugs. It is attributed to a number of possible biophysical processes, one of them being increased drug efflux from resistant cells which leads to a decreased intracellular drug accumulation and retention. In this work, a carbon fiber microdisk electrode was used to monitor directly doxorubicin efflux from single preloaded cancer cells. Electrochemical cleaning, adsorptive preconcentration, and an electrocatalytic effect due to ambient oxygen made it possible to detect eventually very low drug concentrations (down to 1 nM) at good temporal resolution (down to 30 s/measurement) very close (< or = 1 micron) to single cancer cells for the first time. The results from a sensitive (AUXB1) and a drug-resistant (CHRC5) version of Chinese hamster ovarian cancer cells show that resistant cells exhibit a much higher initial efflux rate and shorter efflux time constant when both cell lines are preloaded up to the same intracellular drug concentration. These observations are consistent with results obtained from populations of the same cells by conventional techniques, proving that microvoltammetry can be used to monitor doxorubicin efflux at the single-cell level. Compared with existing methodologies, however, whose data represent only average cell behavior at typically low temporal resolution, the technique described here can provide information on the microheterogeneity of cancer cell populations in terms of drug efflux at high temporal resolution. The actual driving force of efflux is obtained since concentrations are measured directly at individual cells. This approach may lead to important new information on the mechanisms and prospective treatments of MDR.
Non‐monotonic <i>c</i>(<i>r</i>) Relations in the Absence of Complementarity (2002)

In both 1976 and 1987 Tatsuo Hatta showed that consumption reversal (d c /d r > 0) can occur in a three‐period Wicksellian model of production only if the first and the third labour inputs are Hicksian complements. (This was also generalized to n labour inputs.) Unfortunately, he drew the bold conclusion that consumption reversal is merely one more complication introduced by input complementarity. It is shown here that the specific formal result does not generalize and that the bold claim cannot be sustained.
Functional KCa3.1 K+ channels are required for human lung mast cell migration (2006)

Since modulation of K(Ca)3.1 can inhibit HLMC chemotaxis to diverse chemoattractants, the use of K(Ca)3.1 blockers such as TRAM-34 could provide new therapeutic strategies for mast cell mediated diseases such as asthma.
A study on polymer blending microrheology: Part IV. The influence of coalescence on blend morphology origination (1986)

Abstract The influence of shear induced coalescence on the origination of morphologies in polymer blending processes is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical part a route is proposed to estimate the fraction of collisions between disperse phase domains in simple shear flow that result in an actual coalescence. It was shown that under polymer blending conditions this “coalescence probability” is only substantial if the polymer/polymer interfaces exhibit a high degree of mobility. In the experimental part, the phenomenon of gravity induced droplet/planar interface coalescence is utilized to show the high degree of mobility of molten polymer interfaces. Seoul experiments on the relation between domain size and disperse phase concentration in polymer blends prepared on a single screw extruder were carried out. For extremely low concentration (<½ %) the domain size could be predicted satisfactorily by means of Taylor's classical criterion for Newtonian liquids, while at higher concentration coalescence increased the average domain size manifold.
In Vivo Regulation of Replicative<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>Lung Infection by Endogenous Interleukin-12 (1998)

The in vivo role of endogenous interleukin 12 (IL-12) in modulating intrapulmonary growth of Legionella pneumophila was assessed by using a murine model of replicative L. pneumophila lung infection. Intratracheal inoculation of A/J mice with virulent bacteria (10(6) L. pneumophila cells per mouse) resulted in induction of IL-12, which preceded clearance of the bacteria from the lung. Inhibition of endogenous IL-12 activity, via administration of IL-12 neutralizing antiserum, resulted in enhanced intrapulmonary growth of the bacteria within 5 days postinfection (compared to untreated L. pneumophila-infected mice). Because IL-12 has previously been shown to modulate the expression of cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-10, which regulate L. pneumophila growth, immunomodulatory effects of endogenous IL-12 on intrapulmonary levels of these cytokines during replicative L. pneumophila lung infection were subsequently assessed. Results of these experiments demonstrated that TNF-alpha activity was significantly lower, while protein levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in the lung were similar, in L. pneumophila-infected mice administered IL-12 antiserum, compared to similarly infected untreated mice. Together, these results demonstrate that IL-12 is critical for resolution of replicative L. pneumophila lung infection and suggest that regulation of intrapulmonary growth of L. pneumophila by endogenous IL-12 is mediated, at least in part, by TNF-alpha.
Secreted and tumour targeted human carboxylesterase for activation of irinotecan (2002)

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer agent for the treatment of colon cancer. CPT-11 can be considered as a prodrug, since it needs to be activated into the toxic drug SN-38 by the enzyme carboxylesterase. An approach to achieve tumour specific activation of CPT-11 is to transduce the cDNA encoding carboxylesterase into tumour cells. A secreted form of carboxylesterase may diffuse through a tumour mass and may activate CPT-11 extracellularly. This could enhance the antitumour efficacy by exerting a bystander effect on untransduced cells. In addition a secreted tumour-targeted form of carboxylesterase should prevent leakage of the enzyme from the site of the tumour into the circulation. We have constructed a secreted form of human liver carboxylesterase-2 by deletion of the cellular retention signal and by cloning the cDNA downstream of an Ig kappa leader sequence. The protein was secreted by transfected cells and showed both enzyme activity and efficient CPT-11 activation. To obtain a secreted, tumour-targeted form of carboxylesterase-2 the cDNA encoding the human scFv antibody C28 directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM, was inserted between the leader sequence and carboxylesterase-2. This fusion protein showed CPT-11 activation and specific binding to EpCAM expressing cells. Importantly, in combination with CPT-11 both recombinant carboxylesterase proteins exerted strong antiproliferative effects on human colon cancer cells. They are, therefore, promising new tools for gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy approaches for the treatment of colon carcinoma with CPT-11.
Reconstruction of a cone‐beam CT image via forward iterative projection matching (2010)

By using prior knowledge available in a FBCT image, the authors show that a CBCT image can be iteratively reconstructed from a comparatively small number of projection images, thus saving acquisition time and reducing imaging dose. This will enable more frequent daily imaging during radiation therapy. Because the process preserves the CT numbers of the FBCT image, the resulting 3D image intensities will be more accurate than a CBCT image reconstructed via conventional backprojection methods. Reconstruction errors are insensitive to noise at levels beyond what would typically be found in CBCT projection data, but are sensitive to contrast mismatch errors between the CBCT projection data and the DRRs.
Nanoscale epitaxial overgrowth process and properties of GaN layers on Si (111) substrates (2006)

Nanoscale epitaxial overgrowth has been explored to realize continuous specular GaN films on patterned SiO2∕GaN∕Si (111) substrates. We have employed both polystyrene-based nanosphere and interferometric lithographies to form the nanohole array patterns and then subsequent regrowth of GaN is carried out by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The nanoscale epitaxial overgrowth process of GaN layers is studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Optical spectroscopic methods such as microphotoluminescence and micro-Raman scattering show an improvement of the optical and crystalline quality in such overgrown GaN layers when compared to GaN simultaneously grown on bulk Si (111) without patterning. Realization of such thicker and good quality GaN layer would be useful to achieve III-nitride-based optoelectronic integration on Si substrates.
Adapted IPTV Service within novel IMS Architecture (2009)

The paper introduces a novel architecture to be used in IMS (IP Multimedia Sub-system) context. Thanks to the use of a MCMS (Multimedia Content Management System) along with interoperable components, the proposed solution enables an efficient adaptation of services according to the Perceived Quality
Revealing the Mechanism of the Low-Energy Electron Yield Enhancement from Sensitizing Nanoparticles (2015)

We provide a physical explanation for the enhancement of the low-energy electron production by sensitizing nanoparticles due to irradiation by fast ions. It is demonstrated that a significant increase in the number of emitted electrons arises from the collective electron excitations in the nanoparticle. We predict a new mechanism of the yield enhancement due to the plasmon excitations and quantitatively estimate its contribution to the electron production. Revealing the nanoscale mechanism of the electron yield enhancement, we provide an efficient tool for evaluating the yield of the emitted electron from various sensitizers. It is shown that the number of low-energy electrons generated by the gold and platinum nanoparticles of a given size exceeds that produced by the equivalent volume of water and by other metallic (e.g., gadolinium) nanoparticles by an order of magnitude. This observation emphasizes the sensitization effect of the noble-metal nanoparticles and endorses their application in novel technologies of cancer therapy with ionizing radiation.
Secretory pancreatic stone protein messenger RNA. Nucleotide sequence and expression in chronic calcifying pancreatitis. (1989)

The pancreatic stone protein and its secretory form (PSP-S) are inhibitors of CaCO3 crystal growth, possibly involved in the stabilization of pancreatic juice. We have established the structure of PSP-S mRNA and monitored its expression in chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP). A cDNA encoding pre-PSP-S has been cloned from a human pancreatic cDNA library. Its nucleotide sequence revealed that it comprised all but the 5' end of PSP-S mRNA, which was obtained by sequencing the first exon of the PSP-S gene. The complete mRNA sequence is 775 nucleotides long, including 5'- and 3'- noncoding regions of 80 and 197 nucleotides, respectively, attached to a poly(A) tail of approximately 125 nucleotides. It encodes a preprotein of 166 amino acids, including a prepeptide of 22 amino acids. No overall sequence homology was found between PSP-S and other pancreatic proteins. Some homology with several serine proteases was observed in the COOH-terminal region, however. The mRNA levels of PSP-S, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and colipase in CCP and control pancreas were compared. PSP-S mRNA was three times lower in CCP than in control, whereas the others were not altered. It was concluded that PSP-S gene expression is specifically reduced in CCP patients.
The Notonemouridae (Plecoptera) of southern Africa: description of a new genus, Balinskycercella, and a key to genera (1995)

A new genus, Balinskycercella, is descriptionbed for three species of stoneflies from the Lesotho Drakensberg highlands, resulting in the new combinations B. gudu (Balinsky), B. tugelae (Balinsky) and B. fontium (Balinsky). An illustrated key to males and females of southern African genera of Notonemouridae is provided. The distribution of this palaeogenic group is discussed.
COMPLETE REPLACEMENT ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP BY THE RING PROSTHESIS (1968)

1. A complete replacement arthroplasty of the hip is described in which both components are inherently stable. 2. The arthroplasty does not require the use of acrylic cement. 3. It is appropriate for the treatment of the severely arthritic hip in which arthrodesis is not indicated, and for the mobilisation of two stiff and painful hips at any age. 4. It can be performed on both sides at the same time. 5. It produces a stable, pain-free and mobile joint in a high proportion of cases, and has appeared not to deteriorate over periods of up to four years.
Low-cost synchronization of high-speed audio and video recordings in bio-acoustic experiments (2017)

In this paper, we present a method for synchronizing high-speed audio and video recordings of bio-acoustic experiments. By embedding a random signal into the recorded video and audio data, robust synchronization of a diverse set of sensor streams can be performed without the need to keep detailed records. The synchronization can be performed using recording devices without dedicated synchronization inputs. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach in two sets of experiments: behavioral experiments on different species of echolocating bats and the recordings of field crickets. We present the general operating principle of the synchronization method, discuss its synchronization strength and provide insights into how to construct such a device using off-the-shelf components.