gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultralow‐Dielectric‐Constant foams by crystallisation from supercritical solution: Application to advanced electronic packaging (1992)

Abstract Accurate moulding of polymer foams of density 0.02–0.3 g cm −3 has been achieved by crystallising polyethylene and ethylene/methlacrylate copolymers from dry supercritical solutions. Adherent thick films can be sealed to electronic substrates and are proposed as insulating layers for interconnections on multichip modules and other high‐speed electronic devices. The dielectric constant achieved for films of several‐mil thickness is between 1.05 and 1.3 and can be tailored along with the physical properties of the film by adjusting the density and composition of the copolymer. Planarisation or complex patterning is possible by detailing the mould.
The No-Main-Entry Principle (1989)

When a unit card has become easy to reproduce, and each entry has an equal value for users in a multiple-entry catalog, the main-entry principle is no longer useful. The historical development of the no-main-entry principle in Japan is examined. It is generally considered that a title entry is the Oriental tradition. However, Japanese catalogers had used codes based upon the main entry principle under the influence of both AACR and the Paris Principles until 1977, when a new code of Nippon Cataloging Rules (NCR) was compiled. The "Description Unit-Card System of NCR1977, which adopted the no-main-entry principle, seems to be the one which is needed in the age of the computer catalog.
Alkylated steroids. Part 3. The 21-alkylation of 20-oxopregnanes and synthesis of a novel anti-inflammatory 16α,17α,21-trimethyl steroid (Org 6216) (1981)

The development of a 21-alkylation reaction which proceeds via the lithium 20(21)-enolate is described and its scope demonstrated by the preparation of a variety of 21-alkylpregnane derivatives. Application of this process to 11β-acetoxy-16α,17α-dimethyl-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (28a) and its 5β-analogue (28b) led to the corresponding 16α,17α,21-trimethyl derivatives. Several routes from these saturated trimethylpregnane-3,20-diones to 11β-hydroxy-16α,17α,21-trimethylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (Org 6216) were explored. The best method gave Org 6216 in 75% yield.
Synthesis of 4A zeolite from calcined kaolins for use in detergents (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 4A zeolite from calcined kaolins for use in detergentsEnrique Costa, Antonio De Lucas, M. Angeles Uguina, and Juan Carlos RuizCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 7, 1291–1296Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00079a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00079a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views619Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Joint data base elements for modeling and simulation (1993)

This paper discusses the approach used in a proof of concept effort developing data elements and data models for specific applications in the modeling and simulation (M&S) functional areas of research and development, test and evaluation, analysis, and combat development. Specifically, this joint data base elements approach provides the M&S community with a reverse-engineering data modeling procedure using IDEF 1X that is compatible with the Department of Defense Corporate Information Management initiative. This approach also includes the development of a data diet ionary/di reetory, containing the data elements and their descriptions, information on M&S data bases, and a repository to support future developments.
Vivianite (ferrous phosphate) alleviates iron chlorosis in grapevine (2015)

Synthetic vivianite [Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O] has been reported to alleviate iron (Fe) chlorosis in crops growing on calcareous soils. To test the effectiveness of vivianite in grapevine we carried out three-year (2003 to 2005) experiments in vineyards located in six different areas of Spain with Denomination of Origin (Rioja, Ribera del Duero, La Mancha, Montilla-Moriles, Condado de Huelva, and Jerez), which differed in grapevine rootstock/variety, climate, and soil properties. In all cases there was at least one treatment in which a suspension of vivianite was injected into the soil at the beginning of the experiment in spring, one control (“–Fe”, no Fe fertilizer added) treatment, and one or more treatments with Fe chelate (FeEDDHA) or an Fe(II) salt applied yearly. The concentration of chlorophyll per unit leaf area was estimated with a portable chlorophyll meter (readings in SPAD units). The SPAD value and the trunk perimeter increment of the vines fertilized with vivianite were significantly higher than those of the control (-Fe) vines through the three years in all fields except the Jerez one. Vivianite was not significantly more effective than Fe-sulfate (in Rioja field) or Fe chelate (in La Mancha field). Our results suggest in summary that vivianite is effective in improving the Fe nutrition of vine and has a significant long-lasting effect of at least three years. This is ascribed to vivianite being incongruently dissolved to produce a poorly crystalline Fe oxide phase (lepidocrocite), which is considered to be a good source of Fe to plant. Vivianite is effective, readily prepared in the field, not easily leached from the soil, cheap, and environmentally safe, constituting thus an adequate Fe fertilizer for grapevine.
Graphdiyne: synthesis, properties, and applications (2019)

Graphdiyne (GDY), a new two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope, has been receiving increased attention. Its unique sp-sp2 carbon atoms, uniform pores, and highly π-conjugated structure provide promising potential in practical applications, such as gas separation, catalysis, water remediation, humidity sensor, and energy-related fields. In the recent years, considerable efforts have been expended toward the development of well-defined GDY. However, GDY materials still face numerous challenges, including the need for a more thorough understanding of the growth mechanism, strategies for synthesizing one- or few-layer single-crystalline GDY films, characterization of basic physicochemical properties, and achievement of promising applications. This review aims at providing a comprehensive update on the synthesis of GDY and GDY-based materials, as well as their properties, including structural, electronic, mechanical, and spectral properties, and their applications in nanotechnology.
Identification and Functional Analysis of Two Ca2+-binding EF-hand Motifs in the B“/PR72 Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A (2003)

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a multifunctional serine/threonine phosphatase that is critical to many cellular processes including cell cycle regulation and signal transduction. PP2A is a heterotrimer containing a structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunit, associated with one variable regulatory or targeting B-type subunit, of which three families have been described to date (B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B"/PR72). We identified two functional and highly conserved Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand motifs in human B"/PR72 (denoted EF1 and EF2), demonstrating for the first time the ability of Ca(2+) to interact directly with and regulate PP2A. EF1 and EF2 apparently bind Ca(2+) with different affinities. Ca(2+) induces a significant conformational change, which is dependent on the integrity of the motifs. We have further evaluated the effects of Ca(2+) on subunit composition, subcellular targeting, catalytic activity, and function during the cell cycle of a PR72-containing PP2A trimer (PP2A(T72)) by site-directed mutagenesis of either or both motifs. The results suggest that integrity of EF2 is required for A/PR65 subunit interaction and proper nuclear targeting of PR72, whereas EF1 might mediate the effects of Ca(2+) on PP2A(T72) activity in vitro and is at least partially required for the ability of PR72 to alter cell cycle progression upon forced expression.
Precise Localization of an Autonomous Car Based on Probabilistic Noise Models of Road Surface Marker Features Using Multiple Cameras (2015)

This paper presents a Monte Carlo localization algorithm for an autonomous car based on an integration of multiple sensors data. The sensor system is composed of onboard motion sensors, a low-cost GPS receiver, a precise digital map, and multiple cameras. Data from the onboard motion sensors, such as yaw rate and wheel speeds, are used to predict the vehicle motion, and the GPS receiver is applied to establish the validation boundary of the ego-vehicle position. The digital map contains location information at the centimeter level about road surface markers (RSMs), such as lane markers, stop lines, and traffic sign markers. The multiple images from the front and rear mono-cameras and the around-view monitoring system are used to detect the RSM features. The localization algorithm updates the measurements by matching the RSM features from the cameras to the digital map based on a particle filter. Because the particle filter updates the measurements based on a probabilistic sensor model, the exact probabilistic modeling of sensor noise is a key factor to enhance the localization performance. To design the probabilistic noise model of the RSM features more explicitly, we analyze the results of the RSM feature detection for various real driving conditions. The proposed localization algorithm is verified and evaluated through experiments under various test scenarios and configurations. From the experimental results, we conclude that the presented localization algorithm based on the probabilistic noise model of RSM features provides sufficient accuracy and reliability for autonomous driving system applications.
Security pairings using physical layer properties of wireless communications (2014)

New security solutions in the physical communication layer - secret key extraction from the radio channel and information-theoretic secrecy - protect confidentiality of communication without cryptographic establishment of secret keys. Unfortunately, they currently lack authentication. Cryptographic mechanisms are still needed to secure the first contact between previously unknown devices - to guarantee that security pairings are made as the user intends. In this paper, we contribute by analyzing how five different security pairing approaches can be realized or complemented with physical layer solutions. We propose new solutions for replacing the use of expensive crypto algorithms with secret key extraction. We note that information-theoretic secrecy solutions are less capable of surviving without cryptographic authentication. However, in some information-theoretic secrecy approaches, secure out-of-band delivery of channel state information can authenticate receivers.
Identifying the methyltransferases for m5U747 and m5U1939 in 23S rRNA using MALDI mass spectrometry (2003)

There are three sites of m(5)U modification in Escherichia coli stable RNAs: one at the invariant tRNA position U54 and two in 23S rRNA at the phylogenetically conserved positions U747 and U1939. Each of these sites is modified by its own methyltransferase, and the tRNA methyltransferase, TrmA, is well-characterised. Two open reading frames, YbjF and YgcA, are approximately 30% identical to TrmA, and here we determine the functions of these candidate methyltransferases using MALDI mass spectrometry. A purified recombinant version of YgcA retains its activity and specificity, and methylates U1939 in an RNA transcript in vitro. We were unable to generate a recombinant version of YbjF that retained in vitro activity, so the function of this enzyme was defined in vivo by engineering a ybjF knockout strain. Comparison of the methylation patterns in 23S rRNAs from YbjF(+) and YbjF(-) strains showed that the latter differed only in the lack of the m(5)U747 modification. With this report, the functions of all the E.coli m(5)U RNA methyltransferases are identified, and a more appropriate designation for YbjF would be RumB (RNA uridine methyltransferases B), in line with the recent nomenclature change for YgcA (now RumA).
Nonlinear electrical behaviors and conductivity mechanisms in Ca <sub>1‐</sub> <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> Yb <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> CeNbWO <sub>8</sub> ceramics (2020)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the nonlinear electrical behaviors and conductivity mechanisms of Ca 1‐ x Yb x CeNbWO 8 ceramics, which are prepared by the solid‐state sintering method. CeO 2 and CeNbO 4 phases occur when the Yb 3+ doping amount is greater than 0.1 in the CaCeNbWO 8 ‐based ceramics. With the continuous incorporation of Yb 3+ , the grain size of the ceramics first decreases and then increases. The Ce 3+ concentration in the ceramics decreases with increasing Yb 3+ content. In the temperature range of 298.15 to 1073.15K, the relationship between ln ρ and 1000/ T shows nonlinear electrical behaviors, which is attributed to the different conductivity mechanisms at high and low temperatures ( ρ and T are resistivity and temperature, respectively). In the temperature range of 298.15 to 773.15K, the electrical conduction in Ca 1‐ x Yb x CeNbWO 8 ceramics follows the Efros‐Shklovskii variable‐range hopping (ES‐VRH) conduction mechanism, thermal activation conduction ( x < 0.2), and two‐dimensional Mott VRH conduction mechanism ( x = 0.2). Furthermore, the electrical conduction obeys the thermal activation conduction mechanism in the temperature range of 773.15 to 1073.15K. The activation energy for the electrical conduction is calculated based on the different hopping conduction mechanisms.
Translational Control of the Xenopus laevisConnexin-41 5′-Untranslated Region by Three Upstream Open Reading Frames (2000)

The Xenopus laevis Connexin-41 (Cx41) mRNA contains three upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). We analyzed the translation efficiency of constructs containing the Cx41 5'-UTR linked to the green fluorescent protein reporter after injection of transcripts into one-cell stage Xenopus embryos. The translational efficiency of the wild-type Cx41 5'-UTR was only 2% compared with that of the beta-globin 5'-UTR. Mutation of each of the three uAUGs into AAG codons enhanced translation 82-, 9-, and 4-fold compared with the wild-type Cx41 5'-UTR. Based on these increased translation efficiencies, the percentages of ribosomes that recognized the uAUGs were calculated. Only 0.03% of the ribosomes that entered at the cap structure scanned the entire 5'-UTR and translated the main ORF. The results indicate that all uAUGs are recognized by the majority of the scanning ribosomes and that the three uAUGs strongly modulate translation efficiency in Xenopus laevis embryos. Based on these data, a model of ribosomal flow along the mRNA is postulated. We conclude that the three uORFs may play an important role in the regulation of Cx41 expression.
Monitoring change in volcanic interiors using coda wave interferometry: Application to Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica (2004)

Multiply scattered waves are a new tool for monitoring changes in the earth's subsurface. In this study we use the air pressure and displacement recorded at the Arenal Volcano to detect temporal changes. The pressure pulses emitted by the volcano are associated with a complex displacement signal of overlapping coda waves. By deconvolving the ground motion with the air pressure for different time intervals we obtain a highly repeatable displacement signal that has the character of diffusive wave propagation. This deconvolved displacement signal changes with the time interval analyzed in the employed data. This change can be explained by a shift in the point of excitation of the elastic waves over a distance of about 15 meters.
Hormonal Regulation of MicroRNA Expression in Periovulatory Mouse Mural Granulosa Cells1 (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate posttranscriptional gene regulation by binding to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNAs to either inhibit or enhance translation. The extent and hormonal regulation of miRNA expression by ovarian granulosa cells and their role in ovulation and luteinization is unknown. In the present study, miRNA array analysis was used to identify 212 mature miRNAs as expressed and 13 as differentially expressed in periovulatory granulosa cells collected before and after an ovulatory dose of hCG. Two miRNAs, Mirn132 and Mirn212 (also known as miR-132 and miR-212), were found to be highly upregulated following LH/hCG induction and were further analyzed. In vivo and in vitro temporal expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that LH/hCG and cAMP, respectively, increased transcription of the precursor transcript as well as the mature miRNAs. Locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides complementary to Mirn132 and Mirn212 were shown to block cAMP-mediated mature miRNA expression and function. Computational analyses indicated that 77 putative mRNA targets of Mirn132 and Mirn212 were expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. Furthermore, upon knockdown of Mirn132 and Mirn212, a known target of Mirn132, C-terminal binding protein 1, showed decreased protein levels but no change in mRNA levels. The following studies are the first to describe the extent of miRNA expression within ovarian granulosa cells and the first to demonstrate that LH/hCG regulates the expression of select miRNAs, which affect posttranscriptional gene regulation within these cells.
Fentanyl-induced Rigidity and Unconsciousness in Human Volunteers Incidence, Duration, and Plasma Concentrations (1993)

These findings support the hypothesis that unconsciousness occurs in the unstimulated subject during fentanyl-induced apnea and rigidity.
Sandwich-Structured Graphene-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Carbon Nanocomposites for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

Advanced anode materials for high power and high energy lithium-ion batteries have attracted great interest due to the increasing demand for energy conversion and storage devices. Metal oxides (e.g., Fe3O4) usually possess high theoretical capacities, but poor electrochemical performances owing to their severe volume change and poor electronic conductivity during cycles. In this work, we develop a self-assembly approach for the synthesis of sandwich-structured graphene-Fe3O4@carbon composite, in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles with carbon layers are immobilized between the layers of graphene nanosheets. Compared to Fe3O4@carbon and bulk Fe3O4, graphene-Fe3O4@carbon composite shows superior electrochemical performance, including higher reversible capacity, better cycle and rate performances, which may be attributed to the sandwich structure of the composite, the nanosized Fe3O4, and the carbon layers on the surface of Fe3O4. Moreover, compared to the reported graphene-Fe3O4 composite, the particle size of Fe3O4 is controllable and the content of Fe3O4 in this composite can be arbitrarily adjusted for optimal performance. This novel synthesis strategy may be employed in other sandwich-structured nanocomposites design for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and other electrochemical devices.
A novel random wireless packet multiple access method using CDMA (2006)

Random packet CDMA, a novel packet-based multiple access scheme for connectionless, uncoordinated random channel access is proposed. Random packet CDMA, or RP-CDMA, utilizes a novel packet format which consists of a short header and a data portion. Each header is spread with a unique spreading code which is identical for all users and packets, while the data portion of each packet is spread by a randomly chosen spreading sequence. The receiver operates in two stages: header detection and data detection. For header detection a conventional spread spectrum receiver is sufficient. Headers are spread with a large enough processing gain to allow detection even in severe interference. The data portion is decoded with a sophisticated receiver, such as a multiuser detector, which allows for successful decoding of overlapping active packets. It is shown that the RP-CDMA system is detector capability limited and that it can significantly outperform spread ALOHA systems whose performance is limited by the channel collision mechanism. RP-CDMA also experiences a much smaller packet retransmission rate than conventional or spread ALOHA, and provides better spectral efficiencies
Analysis of mechanical alternans in rabbit papillary muscle (1982)

Isometric force and action potentials were recorded in rabbit papillary muscles. It was found that the monophasic decline of the contractile potentiation that was recorded after an extrasystole (ES) was replaced by transient mechanical alternans (TMA) when temperature and calcium concentration of the perfusion medium had been lowered (from 37 degrees to 27 degrees C and from 2.0 to 0.5 mM, respectively). TMA in response to ES was also seen when the preparation was exposed to 2mM 4-aminopyridine. Furthermore, TMA could be induced by a shortening step during activity. Mechanical restitution curves were recorded by relating max. rate of force development of a test contraction to the duration of the preceding stimulus interval. It was found that the alternating contractions during TMA were associated with shifts of the mechanical restitution curve along the force axis. The duration of the action potential was inversely related to force development during TMA. It is proposed that TMA is due to a reduced damping of a regulatory feedback system between inotropic state and intake of activator calcium during the action potential. The following sequence of events are suggested: The abbreviated action potential accompanying a potentiated contraction is associated with reduced intake of activator calcium. This leads to depression of the subsequent contraction. The latter contraction is associated with increased calcium intake due to prolongation of the action potential. This will lead to potentiation of the next beat and the sequence is repeated. It is proposed that recirculation of calcium between heart beats will act as a damping factor of this system.
Polymorphic bytecode instrumentation (2011)

Bytecode instrumentation is a widely used technique to implement aspect weaving and dynamic analyses in virtual machines such as the Java Virtual Machine. Aspect weavers and other instrumentations are usually developed independently and combining them often requires significant engineering effort, if at all possible. In this paper we introduce polymorphic bytecode instrumentation (PBI), a simple but effective technique that allows dynamic dispatch amongst several, possibly independent instrumentations.