gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single String Packerless ESP Gas Lift Hybrid; Optimizing Production and Minimizing Loss (2010)

Abstract Kaji Semoga (KS) field has produced primarily from limestone and has until recently contained sufficient gas for gas lift usage. However, KS gas production is declining rapidly: it is estimated that by 2013 it will produce insufficient gas. As a result, some new forms of artificial lift are being considered to replace gas lift, and since the end of 2008 new ESP and HPU projects have been carried out with the aim of such a new form of lift. As a result of implementing these projects, ESP wells will be the dominant artificial lift for production wells in KS, contributing to approximately 70% of total oil production On the other hand, there are risks of downtime associated with the use of ESP. The main risks concern downhole problems, which need rig deployment, and electrical problems, which cause the ESPs to shut down. Fixng these problems may require a considerable amount of time - several days or even weeks - due to reasons such as unavailability of a rig and/or spare parts. This will inevitably result in loss of oil .production. To avoid such production loss, an ESP / gas lift hybrid system has been implemented, whereby gas lift is prepared as a backup. This hybrid system consists of an ESP unit installed along with a gas lift system in single tubing, with no packer and 1 (one) (screen orifice) gas lift valve, 1 (one) sliding sleeve door, and 1(one) complete ESP unit. All ESP wells in KS (currently 70 wells and counting) now use this configuration. The gas lift hybrid system has been used as backup during ESP downtime. This configuration can produce 35% of liquid compared to normal ESP liquid production, and as a result an oil loss of 4400 bbls was prevented during 2009.
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1997)

To the Editor: Nineteen of the 24 patients described by Connolly et al. (Aug. 28 issue) 1 in the primary report linking fenfluramine and phentermine with cardiac valvular abnormalities were identified in Fargo, North Dakota, a city with only 74,111 residents in 1990. 2 Twelve of the Fargo cases, and perhaps the association itself, were initially identified by an astute echocardiographic sonographer. This relation had not been discovered previously despite the fact that fenfluramine has been approved since 1973 and that 18 million prescriptions for these drugs were filled in 1996 alone. 1 Diagnosis of a cardiac abnormality in 18 of the 24 patients was based on echocardiographic findings of valvular insufficiency and "unusual valvular morphology." 1 The key unanswered question is whether these echocardiographic abnormalities have clinical import for the majority of patients using these drugs or whether they are simply a visual finding. The drugs are so widely used and these reports have prompted such widespread concern that all efforts should be taken to be certain that the association with important heart disease is real. On the other hand, if the incidence rate in Fargo is confirmed and if the echocardiographic abnormalities frequently lead to clinically significant disease, these drugs will be responsible for a major epidemic of valvular heart disease that could have been far worse if not detected by the echocardiographer.
Electric Circuit Theory and the Operational Calculus<sup>1</sup> (1926)

So far in our discussions of wave propagation in lines and wave-filters, we have confined attention to the case where the impressed voltage is applied directly to the infinitely long line. We have found that, by virtue of this restriction, the indicial admittance functions of the important types of transmission systems are rather easily derived and expressible in terms of well known functions, and the essential phenomena of wave propagation clearly exhibited. In practice, however, we are concerned with lines of finite length with the voltage impressed on the line through a terminal impedance Z1 and the distant end closed by a second terminal impedance Z2. We now take up the problem presented by such a system.
Non-invasive differentiation between natural and synthetic ultramarine blue pigments by means of 250–900 nm FORS analysis (2013)

A totally non-invasive procedure has been developed for differentiation of natural and synthetic ultramarine blue pigments on the basis of collection of UV-visible spectra in diffuse reflectance mode, followed by a chemometric treatment of the data using unsupervised pattern recognition methods. The main spectral features of natural and synthetic paint samples, i.e. reflection maxima, inflection points and reflection minima, could not be useful enough in the differentiation process; a threshold of 455 nm in the comparison of reflectance maxima has been observed, with synthetic samples peaking lower than this value and natural samples peaking higher, but it was not considered efficient in the differentiation, according to the fact that reflection maxima could be subjected to a bathochromic shift as a consequence of the addition of white pigments to blue paints. Chemometric analysis was therefore used in order to exploit information contained in the whole spectrum. To obtain an efficient classification, a proper data transformation was performed on the spectral data, using Z-score standardised variables. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were the unsupervised pattern recognition methods used on the spectral data. Chemometric treatment was firstly applied to analysis of standard ultramarine blue paints and powder pigments and showed a good differentiation power, making it possible to distinguish between paints and raw lapis lazuli items and, more interestingly, between natural and synthetic ultramarine blue paints. Afterwards, PCA and HCA were applied to the analysis of blue paints on miniature painting artworks, again succeeding in the differentiation. This procedure could be used to develop a simple and totally non-invasive method for authenticating painted artworks.
Near Infra Red Detection of Internally Moldy Nuts (1998)

Transmittance near infra red (NIR) spectra (500-1500 nm) of individual peanut was measured to detect the internally moldy nuts. The moldy nuts the appearance of which had little difference from the sound nuts by visual observations could be distinguished from each other by comparing the transmittance ratio of 700 nm to 1100 nm by NIR spectrometry. The fungal hydrolysis of the triglycerides that were contained in the nut seemed to account for these differences on the NIR spectra. Because of the higher incidence of aflatoxin (AF) contamination on these moldy nuts, taking out the internally moldy nuts detected by NIR, could drastically reduce the AF content of the overall lot of peanuts.
A consolidated technique for enhancing desert dust storms with MODIS (2003)

A new satellite‐based multispectral passive radiometer technique for daytime enhancement of airborne dust over water and land has been developed. The algorithm, which combines color information from multiple visible channels with near and far infrared measurements, provides an improved ability to distinguish areas of dust from water/ice clouds and bright desert backgrounds in enhanced false‐color imagery. While generally applicable to any sensor possessing the requisite spectral information, the method is demonstrated here using high spatial and spectral resolution digital data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments carried aboard Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua polar orbiter platforms.
Platinum Metals in the Catalytic Asymmetric Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols (2011)

Abstract Past and recent advances in the metal-catalyzed asymmetric isomerization of allylic alcohols into carbonyl compounds are discussed in the present Highlight. Emphasis is placed on rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium; the only three metals that have proven successful to date for this most challenging transformation.
Persistence and Change in a Growing Community: a Case Study of Seabrook, New Hampshire (1987)

This is a study of the “Great Change” in a small town: Seabrook, New Hampshire. Previous sociological literature suggests that many elements of “community,” such as cohesion, autonomy and local leadership, tend to disappear as the larger society comes to dominate local activities. Case study data on community actions and leadership in three phases of Seabrook's history (pre-boom, boom, post-boom) over the years 1950– 1980 give evidence of persistence of community despite changes in local characteristics. The community retained its essential pattern of leadership and action while it became more diverse and dynamic. The findings suggest that substantial change, while perhaps inevitable for small towns on the fringes of a metropolitan society, need not spell the demise of community.
Efficient ID-based Threshold Signature Schemes without Pairings. (2006)

The focus of this paper is to design an efficient and secure solution addressing the key escrow problem in ID-based signature schemes, i.e., the Private Key Generator (PKG) knows the user&apos;s private key, which damages the essential requirement--&quot;non-repudiation&quot; property of signature schemes. In this paper, we proposed two ID-based threshold signature schemes, which both reach Girault&apos;s trusted level 3, and in which there exists only one PKG in our ID-based threshold signature schemes. In particular, the second scheme has another good property: it does not require trusting any particular party at any time. Compared with
Modeling of Cloud 3D Printing Service Hyper-Network in Service-Oriented Manufacturing Systems (2019)

According to the theory of a complex network, the overall characteristics are derived from complex interactions among its components, that is, network structure. For its service network, its overall characteristics are its functions. In view of the coordinated linkage between the 3D printing industry and the logistics industry, 3D printing is deeply integrated with Internet technology, digital casting technology and Internet + service platforms. We propose a hyper-network model of raw material suppliers, semi-finished product processors and finished product manufacturers that realize on-demand customization. To analyse, design, and build the cloud 3D printing manufacturing capability service competition network, we propose a 3D printing service node structure model based on a super network using a reference and cloud manufacturing service model. The model's mathematical structure is given in detail. Under this condition, it is necessary to discuss the interaction between the logistics service level, productivity level and product processing quantity. The process of the proposed model and method is given, and the validity is proven with a case study of a Cloud 3D printing service hyper-network in service-oriented manufacturing systems.
Recent advances on metamaterials with applications in terminal and high gain array and reflector antennas (2006)

This paper presents recent advances in the design and applications of metamaterials: electromagnetic band gap, artificial magnetic conductor and LH surfaces. Miniaturised EBG surfaces are studied and implemented using closely-coupled double-layer topologies. Antenna characteristics are shown from a multi-frequency array (using non-uniform left handed (LH) superstrate), a compact mobile handset prototype (incorporating a thin flexible miniaturised EBG surface). Furthermore, the use in arrays and reflector antennas is discussed
Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Mechanism of Tumorigenesis in Acoustic Neuroma (1993)

This study has demonstrated that (1) chromosome 22 allele loss is a frequent event in sporadic acoustic neuroma; (2) the minimal region of loss of heterozygosity in acoustic neuroma includes the NF2 gene; (3) the known tumor suppressor genes investigated (VHL, adenomatous polyposis coli, WT2, p53, and NF1) do not appear to be important in the pathogenesis of acoustic neuroma; and (4) patients with extensive chromosome 22 loss tended to be younger and with a slightly shorter clinical history than those with no detectable allele loss.
Metallothionein prevents neurodegeneration and central nervous system cell death after treatment with gliotoxin 6‐aminonicotinamide (2004)

Transgenic expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CNS under the control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene promoter (GFAP-IL6 mice) induces significant inflammation and neurodegeneration but also affords neuroprotection against acute traumatic brain injury. This neuroprotection is likely mediated by the IL-6-induced protective factors metallothioneins-I and -II (MT-I+II). Here we evaluate the neuroprotective roles of IL-6 vs. MT-I+II during 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN)-induced neurotoxicity, by using GFAP-IL6 mice and transgenic mice overexpressing MT-I (TgMT) as well as GFAP-IL6 mice crossed with TgMT mice (GFAP-IL6 x TgMT). 6-AN caused acute damage of brainstem gray matter areas identified by necrosis of astrocytes, followed by inflammatory responses. After 6-AN-induced toxicity, secondary damage was observed, consisting of oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and apoptotic cell death. We hereby show that the primary injury caused by 6-AN was comparable in wild-type and GFAP-IL6 mice, but MT-I overexpression could significantly protect the brain tissue. As expected, GFAP-IL6 mice showed increased CNS inflammation with more gliosis, macrophages, and lymphocytes, including increased cytokine expression, relative to the other mice. However, GFAP-IL6 mice showed reduced oxidative stress (judged from nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and 8-oxoguanine stainings), neurodegeneration (accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles), and apoptosis (determined from TUNEL and caspase-3). MT-I+II expression was significantly higher in GFAP-IL6 mice than in wild types, which may contribute to the IL-6-induced neuroprotection. In support of this, overexpression of MT-I in GFAP-IL6 x TgMT as well as TgMT mice protected the brainstem tissue significantly from 6-AN-induced toxicity and secondary brain tissue damage. Overall, the results demonstrate that brain MT-I+II proteins are fundamental neuroprotective factors, which in the future may become therapeutic agents.
In vitro regulation of DNA-dependent synthesis of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L12. (1979)

The DNA of the transducing phage lambdarifd18 contains, among others, the genes for the ribosomal proteins L11, L1, L10, and L12 and the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6). In a coupled in vitro protein-synthesis system, lambdarifd18 DNA directs the synthesis of about four to five molecules of L12 per molecule of L10. This is consistent with the finding that there are four copies of L12 per ribosome. The ratio of L12/L10 was also examined from an EcoRI fragment of lambdarifd18 that contains the L10 gene and about 50% of the L12 gene. A significantly lower ratio of truncated L12/L10 was observed compared to the intact phage. The binding of RNA polymerase to various lambdarifd18 DNA restriction fragments was used to locate possible promoter sites. These binding experiments suggest that the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase are cotranscribed with at least ribosomal protein L12 and, also, that there may be an additional promoter site for the L12 gene within the structural gene for L10.
A Trust Based Approach for Increasing Security in Cloud Computing Infrastructure (2013)

Users of cloud computing do not have currently appropriate tools for their verification of confidentiality, privacy policy, computing accuracy, and data integrity. To deal with this problem, a new approach called Trusted Cloud Computing Infrastructure is proposed inspired by Trusted Cloud Computing Platform. Through presenting a User Trusted Entity (UTE) the proposed approach is supposed to make cloud computing infrastructures reliable in order to enable infrastructure service developers to provide a closed execution environment. One advantage of the proposed UTE is that managers of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) systems have no privilege within UTE. Therefore cloud computing managers cannot interfere in Trusted Coordinator functionality. It has been assumed UTE should be kept by a third agent without any incentives to collude with IaaS services and highly trusted to ensure confidential execution of guest virtual machines. In addition, UTE allows users to authenticate IaaS server and determine the security of cloud service before startup of virtual machine.
Mesoscopic manganese based cathode materials for high voltage lithium ion batteries (2006)

Alternative cathode materials were investigated for application to high voltage lithium ion batteries. Manganese based materials were considered due to the low cost and environmentally sustainable impact. Layer-structured oxide and phospho-olivine materials were prepared by a sol-gel method to obtain mesoscopic particles. The particle size of the layered Li1.15Mn0.545Ni0.245Al0.06O2 material was 200 nm. A ball-milling process reduced the particle size to 60 nm. Doping with Ni and Al in the layered Li1.15Mn0.545Ni0.245Al0.06O2 material provided a redox potential at 4.1 V vs. Li+/Li. The specific capacities of 60 and 200 nm particle sized materials were 150 and 125 mAh/g, respectively at C/10. The 60 nm sized material showed a higher lithium intercalation rate than the 200 nm sized material. Particularly, at high charge-discharge rates (1C and 5C), 127 and 85 mAh/g, respectively compared to 95 and 10 mAh/g at 1C and 5C, respectively of 200 nm material. However, the 60 nm sized material degraded faster upon cycling after 80 cycles. The increased impedance indicates a large resistance associated with the interface reaction in the cycled 60 nm particlels. Two types of electrolytes were investigated in the same cathode material. 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN) with 1M LiN(SO2CF3)2 electrolyte showed faster Li intercalation than ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC) with 1M LiPF6 at 1C and 5C in complete cells. LiMnPO4 was synthesized by a sol-gel method using glycolic acid. The decomposition temperature was lower in the dried gel prepared under strong acid conditions. Finally, highly ordered crystallites were formed between 520 and 570°C with particle sizes in the range of 140 to 160 nm. Subsequent dry ballmilling reduced the diameter to 130 ± 10 nm and also improved the carbon coating on the active material. LiMnPO4 material provided a redox potential of 4.1 V vs. Li+/Li. Reversible capacities of 156 mAh/g at C/100 and 134 mAh/g at C/10 were measured. At 92 and 79 % of the theoretical value, respectively, these are the highest values reported to date for this material. At faster charging rates, the electrochemical performance was found to be improved when smaller LiMnPO4 particles were used. The LiMnPO4 material showed an excellent capacity retention upon cycling as phosphate framwork is chemically and thermodynamically stable.
DNA topology (1995)

Two topological levels are inherent in closed circular (cc) DNA. First, the double helix as a whole can form knots of different types, or form the trivial knot (to be unknotted). Secondly, the two complementary strands are interlinked in ccDNA, which results in a biologically very important phenomenon of DNA supercoiling. During the past 20 years we have elaborated a theoretical model, which makes it possible to treat the DNA topological properties at equilibrium in a rigorous way by the Monte Carlo method. Within the framework of the model, the double helix is considered as a homogeneous, isotropic elastic rod with given values of bending and torsional rigidity parameters and the effective diameter. We have predicted the equilibrium fraction of knotted DNA molecules for different DNA lengths and for different values of DNA effective diameter. These theoretical predictions have recently been fully confirmed by experiment. Comparison of theory with experiment also gave the value of DNA effective diameter under a variety of ambient conditions. Calculations of equilibrium distribution of ccDNA over topoisomers yielded a reliable estimation of the DNA torsional rigidity. As a result, all three parameters of the DNA model have been reliably estimated. This makes possible unambiguous predictions of various properties of DNA under topological constraints. In particular, extensive computer simulations of supercoiled DNA have been carried out.
Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies from coeliac patients inhibit transglutaminase activity both in vitro and in situ (2002)

Purified CD IgA, IgG, as well as human anti-tTG monoclonal antibodies inhibited the enzymatic activity of human tTG both in vitro and in situ.
Spectra of Decaying Turbulence in a Soap Film (1998)

Grid turbulence in a flowing soap film is investigated with ambient pressure $P$ as one of the control parameters. Reducing $P$ significantly decreases air drag thus minimizing three-dimensional effects on the flowing film. It was found that while the total kinetic energy $\frac{1}{2}〈{v}^{2}〉\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\int}E(k)\mathrm{dk}$ of velocity fluctuations increased noticeably as $P$ was reduced, the energy spectrum $E(k)$ for wave numbers greater than the injection scale was remarkably insensitive to the pressure change, and obeyed a power law $E(k)\ensuremath{\sim}{k}^{\ensuremath{-}3.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3}$.
Managed-Pressure Drilling with Dynamic Annular Pressure-Control System Proves Successful in Redevelopment Program on Auger TLP in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico (2007)

Abstract Access to previously unattainable offshore drilling targets continues to expand through advancements in Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and Dynamic Annular Pressure Control (DAPC) technologies since their first application on the Mars TLP in 2005. Shell Exploration & Production Company successfully executed a second MPD operation, eliminating lost circulation and hole instability risks by utilizing a DAPC system on the Auger TLP. Redevelopment drilling in maturing deepwater fields is challenged by high circulating density (ECD) and depletion induced fracture gradient (FG) reduction for intervals that still require original mud weights (MW) for borehole stability. The DAPC system provides automated control of surface applied annular backpressure to the wellbore to a specified bottom hole pressure (BHP) set point. This allowed drilling on the Auger TLP with a surface mud weight lower than required by conventional drilling, effectively reducing the ECD magnitude on the open hole. The well design will be discussed, along with the equipment, methods, planning, preparation and training to successfully execute MPD offshore. Execution results and key learnings will be summarized.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-Deoxypaclitaxel Analogues (1999)

The naturally occurring taxoid baccatin VI has been converted to various 1-deoxypaclitaxel derivatives by selective deacylation followed by attachment of the C-13 side chain. The bioactivities of the resulting analogues were determined in both tubulin polymerization and cytotoxicity assays, and several analogues with activity comparable to that of paclitaxel were discovered. It thus appears that the 1-hydroxyl group is not necessary for the activity of paclitaxel.