gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The techniques and accuracies of in-orbit measurements on satellites (2002)

A simple block diagram is presented for an in-orbit test facility together with a description of the four fundamental in-orbit measurements that can be made by a ground-based facility. The incorporation of the four basic measurements into the measurement sequence is discussed for the desired satellite parameter. Achievable accuracies are presented for the four basic measurements and their accuracies are extended into the calculation of the accuracy for effective isotropic radiated power and flux density. Accuracies of the in-orbit monitoring of traffic-carrying satellites are discussed. Tabulations are given for prelaunch accuracies as well as for the largest differences that can be allowed between prelaunch and in-orbit measured data for a satellite to be considered unchanged by the launch into geostationary orbit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Escritores da liberdade: Uma análise do filme à luz da concepção de currículo (2010)

Este artigo propoe uma reflexao a respeito da concepcao de curriculo a partir daanalise do filme Escritores da Liberdade. Um curriculo expressa um projeto de homeme de sociedade, podendo promover a inclusao ou a exclusao, dependendo da formacomo e desenvolvido. Ha que se destacar, aqui, a importância fundamental do papel doprofessor: suas conviccoes, a forma como se coloca no meio em que atua, como enxergao aluno. No filme, o sucesso da professora ilustra, de modo exemplar, a importância deum trabalho construido com base no conhecimento da realidade, ancorado nasconviccoes, na determinacao e na ousadia da professora, que transgride para rompercom a mesmice impregnada na tradicao escolar.
Directed test generation using symbolic grammars (2007)

We present CESE, a tool that combines exhaustive enumeration of test inputs from a structured domain with symbolic execution driven test generation. We target programs whose valid inputs are determined by some context free grammar. We abstract the concrete input syntax with symbolic grammars, where some original tokens are replaced with symbolic constants. This reduces the set of input strings that must be enumerated exhaustively. For each enumerated input string, which may contain symbolic constants, symbolic execution based test generation instantiates the constants based on program execution paths. The "template" generated by enumerating valid strings reduces the burden on the symbolic execution to generate syntactically valid inputs and helps exercise interesting code paths. Together, symbolic grammars provide a link between exhaustive enumeration of valid inputs and execution-directed symbolic test generation
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide-Carbon Supercapacitors (2001)

It is shown that composite Ru oxide-carbon based supercapacitors possess superior energy and power densities as compared to bare carbon. An electroless deposition process was used to synthesize the ruthenium oxide-carbon composites. Ru is dispersed on the carbon matrix as small particles. The effect of electrochemical oxidation and temperature treatment on the material performance has been studied extensively. Increasing the oxidation temperature reduces the proton transport rate and also increases the degree of crystallinity of the deposits. This adversely affects the performance of the composite. Loading a small amount of Ru oxide (9 wt %) on carbon increases the capacitance from 98 to 190 F/g. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Diffusion into and adsorption of polyethylenimine on porous silica gel (1974)

Abstract The polyethyleneimine (PEI)–water–silica gel absorption system was used as a model system to investigate the relationship between diffusion into the porous structure, adsorption rate, and molecular weight of the polymer. Three silica gels, Porasil A, B, and and C having a range of characteristic porosity were used as adsorbents. Adsorption of PEI on Porasil C, which has the majority of its pores much larger than the dimensions of the adsorbate molecule, increased initially with increased molecular weight but became nearly constant at higher molecular weight. Little increase in adsorption occurred for this silica gel with increased ionic strength or with increased pH between 9.5 and 10.8. In contrast, adsorption increased sharply with increased ionic strength and for the same pH range on Porasil A. Molecular weight dependence was reversed. Adsorption decreased with increased molecular weight on Porasil A. In this case, the molecular size of PEI investigated was the same as the majority of pore apertures in the adsorbent. Solution environments (i.e., pH and ionic strength) that decrease the size of the PEI molecule and its affinity for the anionic silica gel surface, thus enabling it to more readily diffuse into the smaller porous regions of the adsorbent, are the apparent causes of the very large adsorption increase. Electrostatic repulsion between PEI molecules do not appear greatly to affect adsorption. Similar adsorption behavior has been reported in the literature for the PEI–cellulosic fiber adsorption system. Maximum adsorption on Porasil A occurred at pH 10.8, the same maximum generally reported for adsorption of PEI on cellulosic fibers. In this case, the silica gel (Porasil A) was found to have a pore size distribution and specific surface area of the same magnitude as cellulosic fibers prepared in the expanded state.
Lung cancer audit improves patient care (2014)

Comparison of services across the UK reveals problem areas and helps to improve standards
A stereoselective synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral study of four epimeric 17-hydroxy-16-ethylestranes. (1977)

Four epimeric 17-hydroxy-16-ethylestr-4-en-3-ones (11) having potent antiandrogenic activity were prepared stereoselectively starting from 16α-ethyl-16β, 17β-diol monoacetate (2). The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the four epimers and other 16-substituted estranes and androstanes were investigated in order to elucidate the possibility for the assignment of the unknown configurations at the positions of 16 and 17. The data of the coupling constants (J16, 17) and the chemical shifts (13-methyl protons and 17-proton) can be used for the determination of the configuration at the positions of 16 and 17.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: molecular biology and its therapeutic intervention (review). (1992)

AIDS is one of the most perplexing diseases to confront modern medicine today. AIDS will rank just behind accidents, heart disease and cancer as a major cause of potential life lost in the USA by 1991. Over half million AIDS cases are predicted by 1993 in the United States alone. There has been a great improvement in the understanding and treatment of opportunistic infections in AIDS. The most important concept is prophylactic treatment of the most common infectious complications as the immune system deteriorates. The major advance has been the prophylactic treatment of Pneumocystic Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) with either aerosolized Pentamidine or low dose Bactrim. Some experts advocate a low dose antibiotic prophylaxis for latent toxoplasma and cryptococcal infection in those patients whose immune systems are deteriorating. Prophylaxis would be instituted as the T4 helper lymphocyte count decreases. Finally, any patient found to be lately infected with either tuberculosis or syphilis, while HIV positive, must be thoroughly treated for these infections prior to any immunocompromise. The minimum follow-up of HIV positive individuals should include T4 lymphocyte counts and perhaps P24 antigen levels as well as beta 2-microglobulin levels. As these parameters worsen, patients should be directed to explore safe available treatments such as Antabuse, Naltrexone and Dextran sulfate. Any healthy patient with T4 helper counts under 400 should be directed to AIDS treatment evaluation units for enrolment in research protocols. At present over 100 drugs are being tested for the treatment of AIDS. However, researchers predict that no more than one or two drugs will be discovered over the next three years that will be helpful in the treatment of AIDS. If ever there was a more powerful argument to institute a new way of evaluating research drugs, it is this prediction. Due to the epidemic proportions of this disease, it seems reasonable to test epidemic proportions of this disease, it seems reasonable to test drugs shown to have some effect in groups of three of four drugs per patient. It is well demonstrated that AZT (Zidovudine) loses its anti-retroviral effect at about twelve to eighteen months. Drug resistance is seen in the treatment of a similar infectious agent, M. tuberculosis. Acute infection of MTB necessitates the use of three antibacterial agents. In AIDS infection, it seems logical to test two or three anti-retrovirals combined with one immunostimulant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
In situ analysis of antigens on malignant and benign cells of the melanocyte lineage. Differential expression of two surface molecules, gp75 and p89. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were selected for differential binding to sections of freshly frozen biopsy material of human malignant melanomas and their precursor lesions, the melanocytic nevi. Both melanomas and normal nevi expressed human Ia-like antigens, transferrin receptor and the transferrin-related molecule p97. In contrast, only 1 nevus of 21 tested expressed both glycoprotein gp75, defined by mAb 15.75, and protein p89, defined by mAb P3.58, whereas 12 of 15 melanomas tested expressed both antigens. mAb P3.58 reacted with one additional melanoma and one nevus. The expression of these two molecules therefore appears to be correlated with the appearance of the malignant phenotype of melanocytes.
3-Bromo-6-methylamino-2'-methoxybenzophenone (1994)

The two molecules, A and B, of C 15 H 14 BrNO 2 in the asymmetric unit only differ significantly in the dihedral angle O(5)-C(5)-C(1')-C(2') (95.1 (3) and 107,9 (3) o , respectively]. The carbonyl O atom and the N atom are connected via an intramolecular hydrogen bond
Free-Radical Copolymerizations of N-Phenyl Maleimide (1977)

Abstract Free radical-initiated copolymerization of N-phenyl maleimide (NPMI) with styrene (St), vinyl acetate (VAc) and methyl meth-acrylate (MMA) at 35°C in benzene solution initiated by AIBN was studied. The copolymerization of NPMI and St yields a “nearly equimolecular” alternating copolymer, irrespective of monomer feed. Reactivity ratios of NPMI with St, VAc, and MMA were determined by a curve-fitting method which has the advantage of delivering values not involving personal judgement. Q1 and e1 values of NPMI were also calculated. Tentative explanations have been proposed to Interpret the “nearly alternating” copolymerization between NPMI and St. In addition, thermal stabilities of copolymers were studied by using a programmed thermo-gravimetric analysis technique. Copolymers of St, VAc, and MMA show a considerable increase in thermal stability with increasing content of NPMI. The glass transition temperatures of copolymers of NPMI with MMA and St were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. In both series of copolymers the glass transition temperature increases markedly with increasing in NPMI content. In the case of NPMI-St copolymers, the relative thermal stability as well as glass transition temperature also corroborated the nearly alternating behavior observed.
Functional Expression of Odorant Receptors of the Zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> and of the Nematode <i>C. elegans</i> in HEK293 Cells (1997)

Odorant receptors of zebrafish and C elegans were functionally expressed in vertebrate kidney cells (HEK293) using the eucaryotic expression vector pSMyc. Receptor-encoding cDNA cloned into this vector was expressed as a fusion protein with the N-terminal membrane import sequence of the guinea-pig serotonin receptor followed by a myc tag. Immunocytochemical evidence indicates that this strategy directs a protein with the predicted immunoreactivity and approximate molecular weight to the plasma membrane. Fish food extract (TetraMin) evoked a transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with plasmids containing cDNA for three fish odorant receptors and converted to stable cell lines. The effect of the extract was concentration dependent and limited to the fraction of the extract < 5 kDa. Pretreating the transfected cells with the PLC inhibitor U73122 reduced the odor-evoked signal. Fish food extract also evoked a transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with plasmids containing cDNA for single fish odorant receptors. Diacetyl evoked a transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with plasmids encoding the cDNA of ODR10, an odorant receptor of C. elegans suggested in other work to be specific for diacetyl. These results strongly imply that odorant receptors can be functionally expressed in HEK293 cells using this novel expression protocol.
Acer saccharum Again (1934)

Mr. Mackenzie seems to place undue reliance upon the introductory paragraph of Marshall's Arbustum Americanum, which he quotes. If Marshall intended to merely enumerate the Linnaean species of maples in eastern America he certainly made a mess of the subject and on is forced to the conclusion, here as well as in certain other of his genera, that Marshall knew his trees better than he did their Linnaean names.
Expressive touch (2014)

This paper investigates users' ability to perform force-sensitive tapping and explores its potential as an input modality in touch-based systems. We study force-sensitive tapping using Expressive Touch, a tabletop interface that infers tapping force from the sound waves created by the users' finger upon impact. The first part of the paper describes the implementation details of Expressive Touch and shows how existing tabletop interfaces can be augmented to reliably detect tapping force across the entire surface. The second part of the paper reports on the results of three studies of force-sensitive tapping. First, we use a classic psychophysic task to gain insights into participants' perception of tapping force (Study 1). Results show that although participants tap with different absolute tapping forces, they have a similar perception of relative tapping force. Second, we investigate participants' ability to control tapping force (Study 2) and find that users can produce two force levels with 99% accuracy. For six levels of force, accuracy drops to 58%. Third, we investigate the usability of force tapping by studying participants' reactions to seven force-sensitive touch applications (Study 3).
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by molecules adsorbed at spherical particles: errata (1980)

A model for Raman scattering by a molecule adsorbed at the surface of a spherical particle is articulated by treating the molecule as a classical electric dipole. This follows Moskovits’s suggestion [ J. Chem. Phys.69, 4159 ( 1978)] and the experiments by Creighton [ J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II, 75, 790 ( 1979)] that such a system may exhibit SERS similar to that at roughened electrode surfaces. The molecule is stimulated by a primary field comprised of the incident and near-scattered fields. Emission consists of the dipole field plus a scattered field, each at the shifted frequency. Addition of feedback terms between the dipole and the particle makes only a negligible contribution to the fields. For pyridine adsorbed at the surface of a silver sphere, the 1010-cm−1 band is enhanced by ~106 if the radius is much less than the wavelengths and the excitation wavelength is ~382 nm, a wavelength for which the relative refractive index of silver is close to m = √2i. Detailed results are given for the effect upon the angular distribution and the polarization of the Raman emission of particle size, distance from the surface, excitation wavelength, and location of the molecule upon the surface. These results simulate those observed at roughened silver electrodes and suggest that the mechanism of SERS at those electrodes may resemble the electromagnetic mechanism elucidated here. We predict that comparable effects should be observed for fluorescent scattering.
Hypervalent Iodine Oxidants:  Structure and Kinetics of the Reactive Intermediates in the Oxidation of Alcohols and 1,2-Diols by <i>o</i>-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) and Dess−Martin Periodinane. A Comparative <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Study (1996)

Alcohols and 1,2-diols oxidation by o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) has been examined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Reversible formation of reactive intermediates, iodic esters 5, has been observed, and their structures in DMSO-d6 solution have been defined as 10-I-4 axial alkoxyiodinane oxides by comparison of the chemical shift difference data with those obtained for Dess−Martin periodinane (DMP)−alcoholate and −diolate adducts. The dichotomous behavior exhibited by IBX and DMP with 1,2-diols can be explained in terms of the different architecture of the reactive intermediates involved in the oxidation. With aliphatic alcohols, kinetic evidences support a two-step reaction mechanism involving a fast pre-equilibrium step leading to 5, followed by a rate-determining disproportionation step. With electronically activated benzyl alcohol, the attainment of pre-equilibrium is largely dependent on initial water concentration as a consequence of a particularly high k2 value. The influence of the alcohol structure on measured equilibrium (Keq) and rate constants (k2) and the effect of water on the overall reaction rate are discussed.
Dirhodium Tetracarboxylates Derived from Adamantylglycine as Chiral Catalysts for Enantioselective C−H Aminations (2006)

The dirhodium tetracarboxylate, Rh(2)(S-TCPTAD)(4), derived from adamantylglycine, is an effective chiral catalyst for both inter- and intramolecular C-H aminations. [reaction: see text]
Characterization of MRI response to treatment with interferon beta-1b: Contrast-enhancing MRI lesion frequency as a primary outcome measure (1997)

MRI is a valuable tool to examine the pathophysiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS), and several large multicenter trials have utilized MRI as a secondary outcome measures. We previously examined the effect of interferon beta-1b on contrast-enhancing lesions on MRI using a baseline versus treatment design, and found that on treatment there is a reduction in mean frequency of enhancing lesions over the group. Using an expanded number of patients and the same trial design, we examined the individual response to treatment more extensively. We find that the effect seen previously is still present, and that there is heterogeneity in the amount of decrease in contrast-enhancing lesions. This expanded number of patients and trial design allows for the discussion of new criteria for individual response to treatment, which are applied in the current trial. These approaches may be useful in the examination, early testing, and comparison of experimental therapeutic agents in MS as well as in the characterization of patients who do or do not have a response seen on MRI.
State-of-Charge Balance Using Adaptive Droop Control for Distributed Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrid Applications (2013)

This paper presents the coordinated control of distributed energy storage systems in dc microgrids. In order to balance the state-of-charge (SoC) of each energy storage unit (ESU), an SoC-based adaptive droop control method is proposed. In this decentralized control method, the droop coefficient is inversely proportional to the nth order of SoC. By using a SoC-based droop method, the ESUs with higher SoC deliver more power, whereas the ones with lower SoC deliver less power. Therefore, the energy stored in the ESU with higher SoC decreases faster than that with lower SoC. The SoC difference between each ESU gradually becomes smaller, and finally, the load power is equally shared between the distributed ESUs. Meanwhile, the load sharing speed can be adjusted by changing the exponent of SoC in the adaptive droop control. The model of the SoC-based adaptive droop control system is established, and the system stability is thereby analyzed by using this model. Simulation and experimental results from a 2 × 2.2 kW parallel converter system are presented in order to validate the proposed approach.
A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer (2014)

Starting from Tesla's principles of wireless power transfer a century ago, this critical review outlines recent magneto-inductive research activities on wireless power transfer with the transmission distance greater than the transmitter coil dimension. It summarizes the operating principles of a range of wireless power research into 1) the maximum power transfer and 2) the maximum energy efficiency principles. The differences and the implications of these two approaches are explained in terms of their energy efficiency and transmission distance capabilities. The differences between the system energy efficiency and the transmission efficiency are also highlighted. The review covers the two-coil systems, the four-coil systems, the systems with relay resonators and the wireless domino-resonator systems. Related issues including human exposure issues and reduction of winding resistance are also addressed. The review suggests that the use of the maximum energy efficiency principle in the two-coil systems is suitable for short-range rather than mid-range applications, the use of the maximum power transfer principle in the four-coil systems is good for maximizing the transmission distance, but is under a restricted system energy efficiency (<;50%); the use of the maximum energy efficiency principle in relay or domino systems may offer a good compromise for good system energy efficiency and transmission distance on the condition that relay resonators can be placed between the power source and the load.
Low loss high gain 300 V-200 A class normally-off SIT module for DC motor control (2003)

A 300 V, 200 A normally-off-type SIT (static induction transistor) module has been fabricated. The module consists of two 100 A planar-gate SIT chips which show a current gain of 325 and voltage gain of 0.23 V at I/sub D/=100 A. The design, fabrication and electrical characteristics are discussed. Improved trade off between the current gain and breakdown voltage has been obtained by improving the design of the guard ring and the field rings. Double-laser metallization increased the effective area on the chip surface. The device has been developed to raise the operational frequency of the DC chopper to 15 kHz and eliminate the acoustic noise generated by the equipment. In this application, efficiency of 98% has been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-Calcemic, Highly Antiproliferative, 23-Oxa Ether Analogs of the Natural Hormone 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3:  Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Biological Evaluation (2007)

Eight new side-chain allylic, benzylic, and propargylic ether analogs of the natural hormone calcitriol have been rationally designed and easily synthesized. Three of these 23-oxa ether analogs lacking the typical side-chain OH group are more antiproliferative in vitro and desirably less calcemic in vivo than the natural hormone. One of these three 23-oxa analogs has transcriptional potency almost as high as that of calcitriol, even though it binds to the human vitamin D receptor only about 1% as well as calcitriol.
Induction without methanol: novel regulated promoters enable high-level expression in Pichia pastoris (2013)

A set of novel regulated promoters, enabling induction without methanol, was successfully identified by using DNA microarrays and shown to be suitable for high level expression of recombinant proteins in glucose-based protein production processes.