gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Potential of Algae Polysaccharides Isolated from Marine Sources: A Review (2015)

From food to fertilizer, algal derived products are largely employed in assorted industries, including agricultural, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Among different chemical compositions isolated from algae, polysaccharides are the most well-established compounds, which were subjected to a variety of studies due to extensive bioactivities. Over the past few decades, the promising results for antiviral potential of algae-derived polysaccharides have advocated them as inordinate candidates for pharmaceutical research. Numerous studies have isolated various algal polysaccharides possessing antiviral activities, including carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran, and naviculan. In addition, different mechanisms of action have been reported for these polysaccharides, such as inhibiting the binding or internalization of virus into the host cells or suppressing DNA replication and protein synthesis. This review strives for compiling previous antiviral studies of algae-derived polysaccharides and their mechanism of action towards their development as natural antiviral agents for future investigations.
Single-Channel Maximum-Likelihood T60 Estimation Exploiting Subband Information (2015)

This contribution presents four algorithms developed by the authors for single-channel fullband and subband T60 estimation within the ACE challenge. The blind estimation of the fullband reverberation time (RT) by maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation based on [15] is considered as baseline approach. An improvement of this algorithm is devised where an energy-weighted averaging of the upper subband RT estimates is performed using either a DCT or 1/3-octave filter-bank. The evaluation results show that this approach leads to a lower variance for the estimation error in comparison to the baseline approach at the price of an increased computational complexity. Moreover, a new algorithm to estimate the subband RT is devised, where the RT estimates for the lower octave subbands are extrapolated from the RT estimates of the upper subbands by means of a simple model for the frequency-dependency of the subband RT. The evaluation results of the ACE challenge reveal that this approach allows to estimate the subband RT with an estimation error which is in a similar range as for the presented fullband RT estimators.
Epidemiology and control of virus diseases of vegetables (1987)

SUMMARY The diverse ecological and epidemiological factors which determine virus infection of vegetable crops are discussed. These include the sources and spread of viruses, together with some agricultural and horticultural practices which have influenced their prevalence. Control measures are described, demonstrating ways of avoiding or minimising infection. Developments are reported with insecticides, insect repellents, anti‐feedants, and fungicides for the control of virus vectors. Some of the successes and future requirements in breeding vegetable cultivars with virus resistance are listed. An Appendix lists the economically most important vegetable virus diseases present in 28 countries or regions with temperate, Mediterranean‐like or subtropical climates. The five most important viruses in field‐grown vegetables are transmitted non‐persistently by aphids (cucumber mosaic, turnip mosaic, potato virus Y, lettuce mosaic and watermelon mosaic 1 (= papaya ringspot virus)). In contrast, with protectively‐grown vegetables, the most important are the mechanically‐transmitted tobamoviruses (tomato and tobacco mosaic, Capsicum mosaic and cucumber green mottle mosaic).
[The nature of the humoral hemolytic factors in patients with chronic kidney failure]. (1997)

The study of erythrodieresis intensity as well as that of its humoral component with identification of hemolytic factors of patients with chronic renal failure (thermal phase) on programmed hemodialysis (HD) showed development of anemia. This is due to intensive red cell destruction induced by enhanced hemolytic activity of the blood serum dependent on both the presence of medium-size peptides the number of which lessens in the course of hemodialysis and growing to the end of the session number of humoral hemolytic factors having molecular mass 80-100 kD. These findings should be considered when estimating efficacy of red cell mass infusions for patients with chronic renal failure basing on parameters of serum hemolytic activity and resistance of donor red cells to hemolyzing effects of the recipient's serum.
자궁근종 및 자궁근에 있어서 E-Cadhehin과 그 mRNA의 존재에 관한 연구 (1998)

자궁근종 및 자궁근 조직에 대하여 배란전기, 배란기 및 배란후기로 나누어, E-cadherin의 존재 및 그 mRNA의 발현에 대한 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 면역조직화학검사에서 배란전기, 배란기, 및 배란 후기의 모든 환자에서 자궁근종 및 자궁근세포에서 반 응이 풍부하게 나타났다. 그러나 자궁근종 조직과 자궁 근 사이 그리고 각 조직의 월경주기 사이에 면역반응의 강도에는 차이는 없었다. 2. Western ligend blotting에서 이들 조직 모두에서 120 kD의 E-cadherin 띠를 증명할 수 있었으며 자궁근종과 자긍 근 사이에서 상호간에 단백띠의 농도값의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 또한 월경주기에 따른 변화도 나타나지 않았다. 3. RT-PCR에 의하여 이들 조직 모두에서 E-cadherin의 존재를 증명할 수 있었으며 431 bp의 띠를 나타내었다. 위의 결과로 보아 자궁근종 조직 및 자궁근 조직에서 E-cadherin은 유착분자로서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 이들의 발현은 월경주기에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 사료되었다.
Multispectral imaging of organ viability during uterine transplantation surgery in rabbits and sheep (2016)

Uterine transplantation surgery (UTx) has been proposed as a treatment for permanent absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) in the case of the congenital absence or surgical removal of the uterus. Successful surgical attachment of the organ and its associated vasculature is essential for the organ’s reperfusion and long-term viability. Spectral imaging techniques have demonstrated the potential for the measurement of hemodynamics in medical applications. These involve the measurement of reflectance spectra by acquiring images of the tissue in different wavebands. Measures of tissue constituents at each pixel can then be extracted from these spectra through modeling of the light–tissue interaction. A multispectral imaging (MSI) laparoscope was used in sheep and rabbit UTx models to study short- and long-term changes in oxygen saturation following surgery. The whole organ was imaged in the donor and recipient animals in parallel with point measurements from a pulse oximeter. Imaging results confirmed the re-establishment of adequate perfusion in the transplanted organ after surgery. Cornual oxygenation trends measured with MSI are consistent with pulse oximeter readings, showing decreased StO2 immediately after anastomosis of the blood vessels. Long-term results show recovery of StO2 to preoperative levels.
Using qualitative research in advanced practice. (1996)

Although using research in nursing has become increasingly valued, some incorrectly believe that only the findings of quantitative research can be applied. While there are distinct differences between qualitative and quantitative research, both paradigms have an important role to play in nursing. This article explores the topic of research utilization and discusses qualitative research and its evaluation and use. The discussion, and examples from qualitative research, emphasize how useful qualitative research can be to advanced practice nurses.
Kallikrein‐mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin (2006)

The presence of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides provides an important mechanism for prevention of infection against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. The activity of cathelicidin is controlled by enzymatic processing of the proform (hCAP18 in humans) to a mature peptide (LL-37 in human neutrophils). In this study, elements important to the processing of cathelicidin in the skin were examined. Unique cathelicidin peptides distinct from LL-37 were identified in normal skin. Through the use of selective inhibitors, SELDI-TOF-MS, Western blot, and siRNA, the serine proteases stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (SCTE, kallikrein 5) and stratum corneum chymotryptic protease (SCCE, kallikrein 7) were shown to control activation of the human cathelicidin precursor protein hCAP18 and also influence further processing to smaller peptides with alternate biological activity. The importance of this serine protease activity to antimicrobial activity in vivo was illustrated in SPINK5-deficient mice that lack the serine protease inhibitor LEKTI. Epidermal extracts of these animals show a significant increase in antimicrobial activity compared with controls, and immunoabsorption of cathelicidin diminished antimicrobial activity. These observations demonstrate that the balance of proteolytic activity at an epithelial interface will control innate immune defense.
The matters that really matter for hypertext usability (1989)

We compare 92 benchmark measurements of various usability issues related to hypertext which have been published in the hypertext literature in order to find which ones have shown the largest effects.
Expert Systems: Implications for Operations Management (1990)

Several examples of successful expert systems applications are presented. Examples of expert systems as applied in process planning, operations planning, inventory control, process design, quality control and scheduling are covered, and the performance of these expert systems is described. Expert systems will become an essential part of computer‐integrated manufacturing (CIM) and flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) because they can perform several of the tasks mentioned above.
High-sensitivity-coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry for characterization of fiber-optic network components (1995)

The authors have performed high-sensitivity-coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) measurements of pig-tailed optical devices with centimeter resolution. The oscillations of the Rayleigh backscattering level produced by coherent fading noise was eliminated, strongly improving the capability of OFDR measurements of low level reflections and losses. Sensitivities down to -105 dB were achieved with minute measurement times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hyperuricemia and Risk of Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies (2014)

Hyperuricemia may modestly increase the risk of hypertension incidence, consistent with a dose-response relationship.
Experiments with a pulsed CO<inf>2</inf>gas dynamic laser (1972)

We report operation of a pulsed combustion-heated gas dynamic CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser. The pulsed version is compared with the continuous gas dynamic laser. Variation of the pulse energy with the stagnation pressure of the gas, the shape of the expansion nozzle, and output mirror transmittance is discussed. Observed laser pulse energy of 110 J is compared with theoretical estimates of maximum obtainable energy.
The undecidability of aliasing (1994)

Alias analysis is a prerequisite for performing most of the common program analyses such as reaching-definitions analysis or live-variables analysis. Landi [1992] recently established that it is impossible to compute statically precise alias information—either may-alias or must-alias—in languages with if statements, loops, dynamic storage, and recursive data structures: more precisely, he showed that the may-alias relation is not recursive, while the must-alias relation is not even recursively enumerable. This article presents simpler proofs of the same results.
The bridged crack model for the analysis of fiber-reinforced composite materials (1970)

A bridged-crack model is proposed which reproduces the constitutive flexural response of reinforced concrete members with fibers. Two different reinforcements, the longitudinal bars (primary reinforcement) and the fibers (secondary reinforcement) distributed in the brittle cementitious matrix are considered. The bridging actions exerted by the reinforcements onto the crack faces are assumed as rigid-perfectly-plastic for the primary ones and as cohesive softening for the fibers. From dimensional analysis, it comes out that the constitutive flexural response depends on three dimensionless parameters. The first one, Ewe, controls the extension of the process zone. The remaining two parameters, called brittleness numbers and Np are related to the reinforcement phases. The role of the size scale is fundamental for the global structural behaviour, which can range from ductile to brittle simply with the variation of the two brittleness numbers. They are functions for each reinforcement phase of matrix toughness, reinforcement yielding or slippage limit, reinforcement volume fraction and global structural size.
Characterization of the insertion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A into membranes (1985)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PTx) is an extremely potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, similar to diphtheria toxin in its mode of action. It is synthesized in precursor form and secreted as an Mr 66,583 protein lacking a 25-amino acid leader sequence. While the primary sequence and the nature of the enzyme activity that leads to inactivation of elongation factor 2 are known, the mechanism of PTx internalization remains obscure. To elucidate the entry pathway, we examined PTx-membrane interactions using vesicle targets of defined lipid composition. Insertion was monitored with an intramembranous photoreactive probe; pore formation was determined from liposomal swelling rates. Our results show that the efficiency of PTx binding to vesicles increases dramatically with decreasing pH. In general, the insertion efficiency correlated with the binding efficiency. At pH 4, we noted a slight decrease in binding below the melting point (23 degrees C) of the target vesicles. Not only was PTx able to insert into frozen bilayers, but the efficiency of penetration at 0 degrees C was actually somewhat higher than expected based on binding efficiency. Liposome swelling assays analyzed by the Renkin equations indicated that PTx-liposomes made at pH 4 were permeable to solutes up to 2.8 nm in diameter. Pores of a similar size were found when the liposomes were made at pH 7, but the efficiency of pore formation at this pH was very low. Chymotrypsin fragmentation profiles of PTx depended on incubation conditions, e.g., pH, presence of NAD, reducing agents, and membranes. Liposomes containing PTx cleaved at pH 4 displayed up to 40-fold more pore activity than liposomes containing uncleaved PTx or PTx cleaved at pH 7. Pore activity at pH 7 was negligible. Addition of reducing agents caused a 50 to 60% increase in pore activity. Cleaved toxin was active in target membrane insertion even at 0 degrees C, and all of the major fragments were photolabeled.
Strong expression of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 independently predicts shortened disease-free survival in patients with early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (2015)

The polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-Ts) family of enzymes regulates the critical initial steps of mucin-type O-glycosylation. Among GalNAc-Ts that may significantly influence cancer biology, thus affecting cell differentiation, adhesion, invasion, and/or metastasis, GalNAc-T3 exhibits a high expression in several human cancers, closely associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis. However, the expression pattern of GalNAc-T3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains obscure. Since postoperative recurrence of even early stage OSCC (ESOSCC) occurs at an early phase, significantly affecting their clinical course and worse outcome, the identification of clinically significant accurate biomarkers is needed. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the immunohistochemical GalNAc-T3 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence using 110 paraffin-embedded tumor samples obtained from patients with surgically resected ESOSCC (T1-2N0). Recurrence was recognized in 37 of 110 (33.6 %) patients. The GalNAc-T3 expression was considered to be strongly positive when 20 % or more of the cancer cells showed positive cytoplasmic staining. Consequently, a strong expression of GalNAc-T3 was observed in 40 patients (36.4 %), showing a close relationship to poor differentiation, the presence of lymphatic and vascular invasion, and recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analyses further demonstrated that the patients with a strong GalNAc-T3+ status had markedly lower disease-free survival (DFS) rates, especially within the first 2 years postoperatively. Therefore, GalNAc-T3 might play a role in the pathogenesis of ESOSCC recurrence, and its immunohistochemical detection potentially predicts a shorter DFS and may be a useful parameter for providing clinical management against ESOSCC in the early postoperative phase.
Kinetics of the Reaction of HI with Propylene (1962)

The very slow gas phase reaction between HI and propylene has been observed to follow a second-order rate law near 230°C. The product is i-PrI with less than 0.1% of n-PrI produced initially. Above 270°C, the secondary production of C3H8 and I2 becomes important. The lower temperature data permit measurement of the equilibrium constant K2.1 for C3H6+HI⇌ lim 12i−C3H7I.The value at 238° is in excellent agreement with independent estimates of the thermodynamics for this reaction which give ΔH0=—20.6 kcal/mole, ΔS0=—34.1 cal/mole-°K, ΔCp0=—1.6 cal/mole-°K. The rate data yield for the addition reaction (k2) logk2=−(23 400/4.575T)+7.89 (liters/mole−sec).The combination of k2 and K2.1 yield values for k1 in excellent agreement with the directly observed values by Jones and Ogg at 330°C. Independent observations on the 328°C pyrolysis of n-PrI show that appreciable isomerization to i-PrI takes place and that HI is an important intermediate.
Fast decimal-binary conversion (1969)

A fast combinational iterative array is described which may be used, with simple additional gating, to convert data in 8421 or 2421 binary-decimal code into binary code. The array cells, which have a simple interconnection pattern, are currently available as medium-scale integration devices.
Exacerbation of Alphaviral Arthritis and Myositis in a Mouse Model after Etanercept Treatment is due to Diminished Levels of Interferon a/b (2013)

Little is known about the possible use of TNF-α inhibitors for treating viral arthritis and myositis caused by mosquitoborne arthritogenic alphaviruses such as Ross River virus (RRV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Barmah Forest virus. Emerging alphaviruses such as CHIKV, Mayaro virus and O’nyong-nyong virus are now considered significant public health threats by the World Health Organisation (WHO), with reports of severe cases of debilitating arthritis and arthralgia due to these agents in numerous regions of the world [1]. Although alphavirus-induced arthritis is generally self-limiting, the disease can be severe and the virus can persist and establish chronic infection [1]. For example, Hourau et al. recently showed the persistence of CHIKV antigen in perivascular synovial macrophages in a patient 18 months after infection [2]. At present, there are no alphavirus vaccines or antiviral drugs available for humans. The current treatments available for symptoms caused by alphavirus disease consist of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen.
A National Study of the Location of Death for Older Persons with Dementia (2005)

The majority of older Americans whose underlying cause of death is attributable to dementia on their death certificate die in nursing homes. State-level factors, including the availability of hospital and nursing home beds and the age of decedents in the population, explain, in part, the wide state-to-state variability in the proportion of dementia-related deaths occurring in the hospital.
Arsenic adsorption onto hematite and goethite (2008)

Surface complexation reactions on mineral affect the fate and the transport of arsenic in environmental systems and the global cycle of this element. In this work, the sorption of As(V) on two commercial iron oxides (hematite and goethite) was studied as a function of different physico-chemical parameters such as pH and ionic strength. The main trend observed in the variation of the arsenic sorbed with the pH is a strong retention in acidic pH and the decrease of the sorption on both sorbents at alkaline pH values. The sorption experiments for these iron oxides show that there is no effect of the ionic strength on arsenate adsorption suggesting the formation of an inner sphere surface complex. At pH values corresponding to natural pH water, both hematite and goethite are able to adsorb more than 80% of arsenic, whatever the initial concentration may be. The iron oxides used in this work should be suitable candidates as sorbents for As(V) removal technologies.
Concomitant mutations and splice variants in <i>KRAS</i> and <i>BRAF</i> demonstrate complex perturbation of the Ras/Raf signalling pathway in advanced colorectal cancer (2009)

Disrupted Ras/Raf signalling is common in CRC. Homozygous KRAS mutations and concomitant KRAS/BRAF mutations may be indicative of a gene dosage effect. The significance of BRAF splice variants is uncertain but may represent another layer of complexity. Finally, if KRAS mutation is to be used for predictive testing, then the whole gene may need to be screened as mutations occur outside codons 12/13.
Clinico-immunological profile of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at Chandigarh. (1999)

The clinico-immunological profile of JRA at Chandigarh appears to be some what different from that reported from other centers in India.
Method for molding compounds Patent (1967)

Another mobiect of this invention is to movide method 3,317,641 for molding a thermosetting cornpound *wherein billets of sizes from small to large can be molded having the These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the specscation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. OLDPNG COMPOUited Same homogenous uniform cross section.
A compact scattering model for the nanoscale double-gate MOSFET (2002)

An analytically compact model for the nanoscale double gate metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) based on McKelvey's flux theory is developed. The model is continuous above and below threshold and from the linear to saturation regions. Most importantly, it describes nanoscale MOSFETs from the diffusive to ballistic regimes. In addition to its use in exploring the limits and circuit applications of double gate MOSFETs, the model also serves as an example of how semiclassical scattering theory can be used to develop physically sound models for nanoscale transistors.
A multiscale approach to diffraction tomography of complex three-dimensional objects (2009)

Tomography of complex three-dimensional objects with diffractive waves remains an open challenge due to the large number of scattering measurements required to obtain a stable solution to the inverse problem of reconstructing an image of the object from a set of independent scattering experiments. Here, this problem is addressed with a multiscale approach that is demonstrated experimentally using ultrasonic waves and which leads to high resolution images comparable to x-ray computerized tomography but without the limitations associated with ionizing radiation.