gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mitochondrial origin of postischemic arrhythmias (2005)

Recovery of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) is a key determinant of postischemic functional recovery of the heart. Mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release causes the collapse of DeltaPsi(m) and the destabilization of the action potential (AP) through a mechanism involving a mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel (IMAC) modulated by the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (mBzR). Here, we test the hypothesis that this mechanism contributes to spatiotemporal heterogeneity of DeltaPsi(m) during ischemia-reperfusion (IR), thereby promoting abnormal electrical activation and arrhythmias in the whole heart. High-resolution optical AP mapping was performed in perfused guinea pig hearts subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by reperfusion. Typical electrophysiological responses, including progressive AP shortening followed by membrane inexcitablity in ischemia and ventricular fibrillation upon reperfusion, were observed in control hearts. These responses were reduced or eliminated by treatment with the mBzR antagonist 4'-chlorodiazepam (4'-Cl-DZP), which blocks depolarization of DeltaPsi(m). When applied throughout the IR protocol, 4'-Cl-DZP blunted AP shortening and prevented reperfusion arrhythmias. Inhibition of ventricular fibrillation was also achieved by bolus infusion of 4'-Cl-DZP just before reperfusion. Conversely, treatment with an agonist of the mBzR that promotes DeltaPsi(m) depolarization exacerbated IR-induced electrophysiological changes and failed to prevent arrhythmias. The effects of these compounds were consistent with their actions on IMAC and DeltaPsi(m). These findings directly link instability of DeltaPsi(m) to the heterogeneous electrophysiological substrate of the postischemic heart and highlight the mitochondrial membrane as a new therapeutic target for arrhythmia prevention in ischemic heart disease.
Self-assembled In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As quantum-dot lasers with doped active region (2000)

Self-assembled In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As quantum-dot lasers with different doping schemes in the active region are investigated. Their lasing wavelength, characteristic temperature, quantum efficiency, and internal loss are characterized and correlated with the size, uniformity, and density of the quantum dots as revealed by atomic force microscopy. Continuous-wave operation of Be-doped quantum-dot lasers has been achieved. Undoped In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As quantum-dot lasers with a characteristic temperature as high as 125 K above room temperature have also been demonstrated.
Transduction mechanisms of the Fabry-Perot polymer film sensing concept for wideband ultrasound detection (1999)

The transduction mechanisms of a wideband (30 MHz) contact ultrasound sensor based upon the use of a thin polymer film acting as a Fabry-Perot interferometer have been investigated. Polyethylene terepthalate (PET) sensing elements, illuminated by the free-space collimated output of a wavelength-tunable DBR laser diode, have been used to study the sensor transfer function, sensitivity, the effect of water absorption, and frequency response characteristics. Acoustic performance was evaluated by comparing the sensor output with that of a calibrated PVDF membrane hydrophone using laser-generated acoustic transients as a source of broadband ultrasound. An ultrasonic acoustic phase sensitivity of 0.1 rad/MPa, a linear operating range to 5 MPa, and a noise-equivalent-pressure of 20 kPa over a 25 MHz measurement bandwidth were obtained using a water-backed 50 mum PET sensing film. A model of frequency response that incorporates the effect of an adhesive layer between the sensor film and backing material has been developed and validated for different sensing film thicknesses, backing configurations, and adhesive layer thicknesses.
Automatic extraction of facts, relations, and entities for web-scale knowledge base population (2012)

Equipping machines with knowledge, through the construction of machinereadable knowledge bases, presents a key asset for semantic search, machine translation, question answering, and other formidable challenges in artificial intelligence. However, human knowledge predominantly resides in books and other natural language text forms. This means that knowledge bases must be extracted and synthesized from natural language text. When the source of text is the Web, extraction methods must cope with ambiguity, noise, scale, and updates. The goal of this dissertation is to develop knowledge base population methods that address the afore mentioned characteristics of Web text. The dissertation makes three contributions. The first contribution is a method for mining high-quality facts at scale, through distributed constraint reasoning and a pattern representation model that is robust against noisy patterns. The second contribution is a method for mining a large comprehensive collection of relation types beyond those commonly found in existing knowledge bases. The third contribution is a method for extracting facts from dynamic Web sources such as news articles and social media where one of the key challenges is the constant emergence of new entities. All methods have been evaluated through experiments involving Web-scale text collections.
Disulfide bond mutations affect the folding of the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells (1993)

Previous kinetic studies have characterized the intracellular folding pathway of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-beta subunit in which each of the folding intermediates can be biochemically identified based on the formation of disulfide (S-S) bonds: p beta 1-early--> p beta 1-late--> p beta 2-free--> p beta 2-combined--> native hCG-alpha beta. Based on these data, we postulated that hCG-beta folding coincides with the formation of specific S-S bonds. We have now tested this hypothesis employing Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with mutated hCG-beta genes in which the Cys residues required for the formation of the final four (of six total) S-S bonds were replaced by Ala. When the Cys residues required for the third hCG-beta S-S linkage to form (bond 9-90) were substituted, folding did not proceed beyond the earliest detectable folding intermediate (p beta 1-early). In the absence of the subsequently formed S-S bond (bond 23-72), p beta 1-early was converted into a second folding intermediate (p beta 1-late), but conversion to the next intermediate (p beta 2-free) was inhibited. When either of the final two S-S bonds (the carboxyl-terminal 93-100 or 26-110 bonds) were removed, conversion of p beta 1-late to p beta 2-free was detected, but conversion of p beta 2-free to the last folding intermediate (p beta 2-combined) was not observed. These data support the hypothesis that individual S-S bonds are involved in discrete steps in the hCG-beta folding pathway.
RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate inhibits human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and DNA synthesis arrest (2002)

VES can inhibit human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and DNA synthesis arrest. Inhibition of SGC-7901 cell growth by VES is dose- and time-dependent. Therefore VES can function as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against human gastric carcinogenesis.
Characterization and Partial Purification of the 8–9S Androgen Receptor from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Tissues (1990)

The present study reports a 3,800-fold purification of the 8-9S androgen-receptor complex from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues using differential chromatography. In addition, the BPH androgen receptor complexes have been characterized using sucrose density gradient (SDG) ultracentrifugation, gel permeation, and anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicate that a) under nontransforming conditions, BPH cytosols contained both 8-9S (40-78%) and 4S (22-60%) androgen-receptor forms, b) apparent molecular weights of these androgen-receptor apparent molecular weights of these androgen-receptor complexes, as analyzed by gel permeation HPLC, were estimated to correspond at 270 kDa, and 90 kDa respectively, c) 8-9S androgen-receptor complexes were retained on an anion exchange HPLC column and could be eluted at 0.22 M KCl at a linear gradient, whereas 4S complexes were not retained on anion exchange columns under identical experimental conditions, d) 10X dilution of BPH cytosols containing only the 4S (0.6 M KCl) form and subsequent chromatography on anion exchange HPLC system was indicative of fragmentation (these fragments were retained on anion exchange columns and could be eluted by 0.33 M KCl on a linear gradient HPLC), and e) increased temperature (22 C) was permissive of proteolytic fragmentation (fragments were estimated to correspond at 30, 15, and 5 kDa). The results are discussed in relationship with the composition of the nontransformed androgen-receptor molecules.
Association between Multiple IV attempts and Perceived Pain levels in the Emergency Department (2014)

Patients experience increased pain in association with multiple IV attempts.
Conjugate between Chondroitin Sulfate and Prednisolone with a Glycine Linker: Preparation and <i>in Vitro</i> Conversion Analysis (2013)

A conjugate between prednisolone (PD) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) with glycine as a linker was prepared in order to obtain an effective macromolecular prodrug against inflammatory disease, especially rheumatoid arthritis. First, PD was converted to the N-trityl-glycine ester (Tr-GP), and the glycine ester of PD (GP) was obtained by detritylation of Tr-GP. Then, GP and CS were condensed with water-soluble carbodiimide to yield CS-GP. The obtained conjugate had a PD content of 2.24% (w/w). Conversion characteristics were investigated for GP and CS-GP to evaluate their potential as a prodrug. In the stability test of GP, PD was released well in the buffer at pH 6-7.4, but degraded rapidly at pH 8 without sufficient release of PD. As to CS-GP, PD was released more slowly than in GP, and the release rate rose with the increase in the medium pH. PD was released gradually from CS-GP over 24 h at a physiological pH. The conversion profiles of both GP and CS-GP almost followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The calculated conversion rate constants supported the gradual and effective release from CS-GP. The release rate of PD from GP and CS-GP was accelerated by the addition of rat plasma, but the promotion of release from CS-GP was small, suggesting that PD should be released gradually from CS-GP in the systemic circulation. It was demonstrated from the preliminary pharmacological study using rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis that CS-GP had high anti-inflammatory potential against arthritis.
Sciatic Neuropathy Secondary to Migration of Trochanteric Wire Following Total Hip Arthroplasty (1985)

In July 1977, prophylactic indomethacin for "high-risk" total hip arthroplasty candidates was adopted for the prevention of heterotopic bone formation. A total of 1053 patients were included in this retrospective study. Five hundred twenty-five patients were operated on before July 1977, whereas 528 patients had a total hip arthroplasty after July 1977, when the indomethacin program was initiated. Eighty-one of the 528 patients operated on after July 1977 were identified as high-risk surgical candidates and therefore received prophylactic coverage. None of the 81 patients treated with indomethacin developed the functionally disabling Grade II or III ectopic ossification. Statistical analysis revealed a marked different (p less than .001) between the overall incidence of heterotopic bone formation in patients operated on before July 1977 and that of patients who had hip procedures after July 1977, when the indomethacin program began. Surprisingly, the action of indomethacin on bone metabolism did not seem to retard fusion of the greater trochanter with the femur or alter the frequency of nonunion.
NevML: A Markup Language for Network Topology Visualization (2010)

This paper represents a markup language for describing network topologies, and how these descriptions can be visualized as topology maps. The designed language, NevML, is an XML-based language. Network devices and connections between them can be depicted in NevML and visualized by different types of visualization tools. As a proof-of-concept prototype, SVG is chosen to visualize NevML description in this paper. It is experimented how NevML can be automatically converted into SVG format files by using XSLT stylesheet.
Effect of directional elements on the directional response of circular antenna arrays (1982)

The paper analyses the effect of directional elements on circular antenna arrays fed by phase-mode excitations. These phase modes represent a convenient pattern-synthesis technique for circular arrays as they correspond to Fourier terms of the far-field pattern. A serious limitation on circular arrays, when employing omnidirectional elements, relates to rapid variations in the amplitude of the modes due to changes in array diameter or frequency. The analysis shows how the phase-mode synthesis technique may be extended to take account of directional elements. It also reveals that the use of directional elements can overcome the above limitations and can enable circular arrays to synthesise wide-bandwidth directional patterns. The choice of element patterns of the form 1 + cos o seems particularly suitable. The analysis also shows that the directional elements can prevent the deterioration of pattern shape with elevation angle (angles away from the plane of the circle).
Major Depression in Patients With Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder (1984)

A review of the life-time occurrence of major depression, the temporal relationship of major depression to episodes of panic and agoraphobic disorders, and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms were determined in 60 patients with agoraphobia or panic disorder. Forty-one (68%) of the patients had a past or current episode of major depression, and 35 (85%) of these patients had endogenous-type major depression. Twenty patients (33%) had an episode of primary major depression, and an average of three years separated the end of primary major depression and the first panic attack. Secondary major depression occurred in 28 patients. Patients with a history of major depression had a more severe anxiety disorder. These data support the view that in a subgroup of patients, episodes of depression and panic anxiety disorder may be manifestations of a common underlying pathogenic process.
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations of the Hydration Interaction between Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers (2002)

The hydration forces operating between two parallel methoxy tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) immersed in water are simulated using the grand canonical Monte Carlo technique, the TIP4P model for water, and a quantum chemistry-based force field for the SAM−water interactions. Two structural modifications of the SAMs are studied, one assembled on the Ag(111) and the other on the Au(111) substrate. Both the Ag- and Au-supported SAMs show typical hydrophobic behavior: the water-mediated interaction between the SAMs is attractive, and the water density level between the SAMs is noticeably reduced. In addition, at small separations, the SAMs induce capillary evaporation of the confined water. The Ag- and Au-supported SAMs show substantial differences in their interfacial behavior, which can be attributed to the difference in the areal density between the SAMs. The simulation results are discussed in the context of the experimentally observed differences in protein adsorption properties and surface force behavior between the Ag- and Au-supported SAMs.
Journal Article Reviews (1994)

This section provides brief reviews of articles from many journals that relate to the interests of individuals seeking information on research and teaching in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. The reviews will not provide critical comments, but the articles have been selected from peer-reviewed journals.
Antitumor properties of a new folate analog, 10-deaza-aminopterin, in mice. (1978)

A new folate analog, 10-deaza-aminopterin, was substantially more active than methotrexate, following sc administration in mice, against three of five ascites tumors and two of three solid tumors. For ascites tumors, maximum increases in lifespan (using 6--12 mg/kg q2d X 5) with 10-deaza-aminopterin versus methotrexate were + 171.2%/+ 149.8% against L1210 leukemia, +118.4%/+109.1% against P815 plasmacytoma, +64%/+20.9% against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, +84.2%/+44.8% against Taper liver tumor, and greater than +159.6%/+64.0% against Sarcoma 180 with longterm survivors after 10-deaza-aminopterin. In a smaller number of experiments comparing LD10 dosages (given q2d X 5) of aminopterin, methotrexate, and 10-deaza-aminopterin, aminopterin was the least effective and 10-deaza-aminopterin was the most effective against the L1210 leukemia, Sarcoma 180, and Ehrlich ascites tumors. Following oral administration (3--6 mg/kg q2d X 5), a twofold greater increase in survival time was obtained against the L1210 leukemia with 10-deazaaminopterin (+122.8%) versus methotrexate (+57%). At a dosage of 6 mg/kg q1d X 5 against solid tumors, the relative tumor volumes (treated/control X 100%) were 12%/41% for Sarcoma 180, 16%/31% for Taper liver tumor, and 20%/30% for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Overall, the data suggest a broader spectrum of effective antitumor action in mice and a potential for the expanded clinical utility of this category of agent.
Bacillus subtilis sporulation: regulation of gene expression and control of morphogenesis (1993)

Bacillus subtilis sporulation is an adaptive response to nutritional stress and involves the differential development of two cells. In the last 10 years or so, virtually all of the regulatory genes controlling sporulation, and many genes directing the structural and morphological changes that accompany sporulation, have been cloned and characterized. This review describes our current knowledge of the program of gene expression during sporulation and summarizes what is known about the functions of the genes that determine the specialized biochemical and morphological properties of sporulating cells. Most steps in the genetic program are controlled by transcription factors that have been characterized in vitro. Two sporulation-specific sigma factors, sigma E and sigma F, appear to segregate at septation, effectively determining the differential development of the mother cell and prespore. Later, each sigma is replaced by a second cell-specific sigma factor, sigma K in the mother cell and sigma G in the prespore. The synthesis of each sigma factor is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Usually this regulation involves an intercellular interaction that coordinates the developmental programmes of the two cells. At least two other transcription factors fine tune the timing and levels of expression of genes in the sigma E and sigma K regulons. The controlled synthesis of the sigma factors and other transcription factors leads to a spatially and temporally ordered program of gene expression. The gene products made during each successive stage of sporulation help to bring about a sequence of gross morphological changes and biochemical adaptations. The formation of the asymmetric spore septum, engulfment of the prespore by the mother cell, and formation of the spore core, cortex, and coat are described. The importance of these structures in the development of the resistance, dormancy, and germination properties of the spore is assessed.
Terahertz Responses of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in High<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Superconductors (2001)

High frequency responses of intrinsic Josephson junctions up to 2.5 THz, including the observation of Shapiro steps under various conditions, are reported and discussed in this Letter. The sample was an array of intrinsic Josephson junctions singled out from inside a high ${T}_{C}$ superconducting $\mathrm{Bi}{}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+x}$ single crystal, with a bow-tie antenna integrated to it. The number of junctions in the array was controllable, the junctions were homogeneous, the distribution of applied irradiation among the junctions was even, and the junctions could synchronously respond to high frequency irradiation.
Improving image quality in low snr parallel acquisition using a weighted least squares GRAPPA reconstruction (2016)

We analyze the performance of a Weighted Least Squares (WLS) GRAPPA calibration for improving the g-factor of GRAPPA reconstruction from low Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) acquisition. Our method is particularly useful when the SNR degradation is influenced by noise correlation across channels. When applied with regularization, this form of GRAPPA reconstruction is found to be superior compared to other recent variants of GRAPPA such as coefficient penalized GRAPPA. We demonstrate this feature quantitatively using GRAPPA derived g-factors.
Raman-assisted continuous-wave tunable all-fiber optical parametric oscillator (2009)

We demonstrate a continuous-wave fiber optical parametric oscillator with a tuning range of 240 nm around 1550 nm. We show that key to the operation of this device is the combined interaction of the Raman and Kerr nonlinearities and derive expressions for the threshold power of singly and doubly resonant oscillators that include the full frequency dependence of the complex Raman susceptibility.
<i>Pichia pastoris</i> as a Host System for Transformations (1985)

We developed a methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a host for DNA transformations. The system is based on an auxotrophic mutant host of P. pastoris which is defective in histidinol dehydrogenase. As a selectable marker, we isolated and characterized the P. pastoris HIS4 gene. Plasmid vectors which contained either the P. pastoris or the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 gene transformed the P. pastoris mutant host. DNA transfer was accomplished by a modified version of the spheroplast generation (CaCl2-polyethylene glycol)-fusion procedure developed for S. cerevisiae. In addition, we report the isolation and characterization of P. pastoris DNA fragments with autonomous replication sequence activity. Two fragments, PARS1 and PARS2, when present on plasmids increased transformation frequencies to 10(5)/micrograms and maintained the plasmids as autonomous elements in P. pastoris cells.
Locomotor recovery in the chronic spinal rat: effects of long‐term treatment with a 5‐HT<sub>2</sub> agonist (2002)

A complete transection of the spinal cord at a low thoracic level induces a paraplegic syndrome that is accompanied by a loss of spinal cord serotonin content. Former experimental data suggest that the central pattern generator for locomotion, located in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord, might be able to generate rhythmic motor outputs (similar to automatic walking under certain circumstances) involving exteroceptive stimulations and activation of serotonergic receptors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a chronic treatment using a serotonergic agonist, delivered continuously to the sublesionned spinal cord, and its effect on motor function recovery. The data obtained from behavioural, kinematic and electromyographic measurements suggest that the chronic stimulation of 5-HT2 type receptors allows motor function recovery. Behavioural measurements show a clear improvement in motor performances when compared to spinal animals (confirmed by kinematic observations): alternating steps and foot placement is recovered in these animals. However, electromyographic data demonstrate that the pattern of activation of the muscles is only restored partially.