gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Serovars Isolated from Retail Meats (2004)

A total of 133 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail meats purchased in the United States and the People's Republic of China were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes, and horizontal transfer of characterized antimicrobial resistance determinants via conjugation. Seventy-three (82%) of these Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to the following antibiotics was common among the United States isolates: tetracycline (68% of the isolates were resistant), streptomycin (61%), sulfamethoxazole (42%), and ampicillin (29%). Eight Salmonella isolates (6%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Fourteen isolates (11%) from the People's Republic of China were resistant to nalidixic acid and displayed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. A total of 19 different antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in 30 multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates. The bla(CMY-2) gene, encoding a class A AmpC beta-lactamase, was detected in all 10 Salmonella isolates resistant to extended-spectrum beta-lactams. Resistance to ampicillin was most often associated with a TEM-1 family beta-lactamase gene. Six aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA1, aadA2, aacC2, Kn, aph(3)-IIa, and aac(3)-IVa, were commonly present in the Salmonella isolates. Sixteen (54%) of 30 Salmonella isolates tested had integrons ranging in size from 0.75 to 2.7 kb. Conjugation studies demonstrated that there was plasmid-mediated transfer of genes encoding CMY-2 and TEM-1-like beta-lactamases. These data indicate that Salmonella isolates recovered from retail raw meats are commonly resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including those used for treating salmonellosis, such as ceftriaxone. Genes conferring antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella are often carried on integrons and plasmids and could be transmitted through conjugation. These mobile DNA elements have likely played an important role in transmission and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants among Salmonella strains.
Structure and Properties ofSylramic™ Silicon Carbide Fiber—A Polycrystalline, Stoichiometricβ-Sic Composition (2008)

Silicon carbide fiber is a stoichiometric, submicrometer polycrystalline β-SiC fiber in tow form, which also contains 3 wt% crystalline titanium diboride. The ∼0.05 m̈m TiB2 crystallites are found primarily at triple points of the 0.1 to 0.5 m̈m β-SiC crystallites. The latter contain considerable twinning and stacking faults, leading to an apparent β-SiC crystallite size of 40–60 nm by Scherrer X-ray line broadening. The β-SiC crystallites appear to be free of intergranular phases. Because of its crystalline structure, the 10 m̈m diameter fiber exhibits low creep, high modulus and high thermal and oxidative resistance as well as high strength. The presence of Ti does not adversely affect parabolic oxidation kinetics at 1200°C in air (kp=1.6×10−18m2/s) since a boron-sintered, α-SiC monolithic material shows similar oxidation kinetics. Properties of this fiber are compared to HI-NICALON™, another small diameter, commercially-available, high performance SiC ceramic product. The SYLRAMIC fiber is found to have a higher temperature capability (∼1400°C) than HI-NICALON ceramic fiber (∼1200°C). SYLRAMIC fiber is available on spools in tow form and as a 5 HS woven cloth.
The effect of aspartame and saccharin on the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine against mutans streptococci (2017)

Background: Although chlorhexidine is the most effective against dental plaque it is extremely bitter to prepare formulation, it is necessary to use flavoring and sweetening which can inhibit the antibacterial effect of rinse preparation. Materials and Method: The effect of different concentrations of aspartame and saccharin on the antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine 0.2% against Mutans Streptococci was evaluated using the agar diffusion method and determination of MIC value of chlorhexidine alone and in presence of aspartame or saccharin was also done in this study. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that at a concentration of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% aspartame did not significantly inhibit the antibacterial activity of 0.2% chlorhexidine however the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine significantly reduced when increased the concentrations of aspartame up to 40% and MIC values increased when increased the concentrations of aspartame, while saccharin interfere with the activity of chlorhexidine 0.2% and significantly reduced the anti â€“ mutans activity of chlorhexidine 0.2% at all the concentrations used in this study (6% - 60%) and MIC values increased when increased the concentrations of saccharin. Conclusion: This in vitro study suggests that aspartame may be used as sweetener and flavoring in concentrations up to 16% with chlorhexidine rinse.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Aminobutanoic Amidoxime Derivatives. Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 2‐Hydroximinopyrrolidines, a Novel Type of Lactames. (1985)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (VI) werden als Nebenprodukte bei der Synthese von (XII) und (XIV) erhalten.
Longitudinal Assessment of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Longitudinal assessment of the phenotypic changes in P. aeruginosa isolated from young children with CF is lacking. This study investigated genotypic and phenotypic changes in P. aeruginosa from oropharynx (OP) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a cohort of 40 CF patients during the first 3 years of life; antibody response was also examined. A high degree of genotypic variability was identified, and each patient had unique genotypes. Early isolates had a phenotype distinct from those of usual CF isolates: generally nonmucoid and antibiotic susceptible. Genotype and phenotype correlated between OP and BALF isolates. As determined by culture, 72.5% of patients demonstrated P. aeruginosa during their first 3 years. On the basis of combined culture and serologic results, 97.5% of patients had evidence of infection by age 3 years, which suggests that P. aeruginosa infection occurs early in CF and may be intermittent or undetectable by culture.
Quantitative Studies of Febrile Tolerance and Levels of Specific Antibody Evoked by Bacterial Endotoxin* (1965)

A series of endotoxin injections, either in con- stant or progressively increasing increments, will induce a state of refractoriness termed endotoxin tolerance. Resistance to the febrile effect of endo- toxin is believed to be of short duration, disap- pearing within 3 weeks (2). Inasmuch as bac- terial endotoxins are potent 0 antigens and give rise to the production of specific antibody, early workers considered the possibility of a correlation between increased antibody levels and diminished febrile response (3). However, Morgan was un- able to discern a relationship between the mag- nitude of febrile reactivity and the levels of 0 ag- glutinins attained in rabbits given typhoid endo- toxin (4).
Survey of data association of moving objects tracking in video sensors network (2009)

Object tracking is a crucial task in computer vision systems for surveillance, traffic monitoring or intelligent homes. In all these cases, tracking is based on association of observations. Conventional tracking approaches assume similarity in space, time and appearance of objects in successive observations. However, Observations of objects are often widely separated in time and space when viewed from multiple non overlapping cameras. Moreover, appearance of one object is dramatically different among cameras due to the differences in illumination, pose and camera parameters. On the other hand, real world's time-space constraint (motion path information)on moving object and sensors position are always available in advance. Thus, this paper presents a survey of data association method across visual sensors network for moving objects tracking. In particular, previous research on various data association methods of non overlapping cameras is reviewed.
Magnetic properties of compressed amorphous powder cores and their application to a fly-back converter (2000)

Fe-based amorphous powder cores with glass binder were fabricated by hot-pressing techniques. The cores exhibited low core losses, relatively low effective permeability and high flux density, which are superior magnetic properties when applied to choking coil or fly-back transformers operating in the high frequency range. The core obtained was applied to a fly-back converter working at 100 kHz. The conversion efficiency examined at output power up to 300 W was higher than that of converters using a typical commercial Sendust core and a single gap ferrite core.
Functional connectivity assessment of language areas in CI users using fNIRS (2015)

Understanding functional re-organization of the brain after cochlear implantation plays an important role when investigating the performance on speech understanding of cochlear implant (CI) users during rehabilitation. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) - likely to be a suitable neuroimaging modality for CI users - offers ways to measure brain hemodynamics. With the hypothesis to detect functional connectivity differences between normal-hearing listeners (NH) and CI user as well as differences among CI users, we conducted a resting state functional connectivity study of the low frequency fluctuations (LFFs) < 0.1 Hz. Head motions, low frequency drifts, heartbeat, respiration, and unwanted physiological noise arising from blood flow regulation processes are the main sources of contamination in fNIRS signals that mask the underlying neural activation patterns during rest. Efficient removal of these nuisance effects is a pre-requisite to determine meaningful functional connectivity maps. A pre-processing strategy for recovering resting state functional connectivity networks from fNIRS data is presented and tested on two different population groups: NH vs CI. Comparing 4 NH listeners and 5 CI users, we observed a consistent lower inter-hemispheric connectivity across CI users.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Antioxidant Response Element (2000)

The antioxidant response element (ARE) mediates the transcriptional activation of many genes encoding phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes in response to oxidative stress. Recent studies using knockout mice suggest that NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with small Maf proteins, binds and activates the ARE. In this study, using in vitro binding assays, Nrf2/MafK heterodimers were found to interact with high affinity to the ARE. However, distinct differences were observed when this interaction was compared with that formed with nuclear proteins from H4II EC3 or HepG2 cells. Overexpression of Nrf2 activated ARE-mediated transcription in HepG2 cells, and this activation was further increased by tert-butylhydroquinone. In HeLa cells, overexpression of Nrf2 resulted in activation of the ARE, but this activation was no longer induced by tert-butylhydroquinone. Using ARE constructs with point mutations in the core sequence, we found that only mutations at the T or G nucleotides within the core (TGAC) render the ARE unresponsive to Nrf2. Overexpression of MafK led to dose-dependent repression of ARE activity. Activation of the ARE by Nrf2 was similarly antagonized by MafK. These data suggest that Nrf2 plays an important role mediating basal activity of the ARE but that small Maf proteins are repressors and not activators of ARE-mediated transcription.
Selective maintenance for binary systems using age-based imperfect repair model (2012)

In many applications, the break between successive missions provides an opportunity to perform maintenance under limited resources. Such maintenance policy is called selective maintenance. Traditionally, it was assumed that a component after repair may be as good as new or as bad as old. However, maintenance can bring a component in between these two extreme cases as well. This maintenance policy is called imperfect repair. Selective maintenance optimization under imperfect repair is studied in this paper. Age reduction model is used to represent imperfect repair for selective maintenance. It is suggested in [1] that age reduction factor depends on the maintenance cost, and a constant is used to reflect whether a component is relatively young or old. In this paper, a formulation is used for this characteristic constant which depends on the effective age of the component. It is shown that the formulation helps in establishing a relationship between age reduction factor, cost of maintenance, and effective age of the component. Also, advantage of selective maintenance with imperfect repair is shown and results are compared with the case when only minimal repair and replacement are considered as repair options.
Recovering "Lack of Words" in Text Categorization for Item Banks (2006)

PKIP, patterned keywords in phrase, is our feature selection approach to text categorization (TC) for item banks. An item bank is a collection of textual data in which each item consists of short sentences and has only a few relevant words for categorization. Traditional TC techniques cannot provide sufficiently accurate results because of a "lack of words" problem. PKIP improves categorization accuracy and recovers from the "lack of words" problem. Our sample item bank is the collection of Thai primary mathematics problems and we use SVM as our classifier. Classification results show that PKIP produces acceptable classification performance.
The hydrothermal degradation of cellulosic matter to sugars and their fermentative conversion to protein (1976)

For the hydrothermal degradation of cellulosic matter, an apparatus was developed in which water is used as extraction medium. Samples, 0.15 g each, of pure cellulose (filter paper), natural straw, and 14C-labeled straw were treated at temperatures of between 200° and 275°C. Of the inserted cellulose, 65.7% was recovered at the optimum temperature as sugars and hydroxymethylfurfural. It was possible to degrade the straw selectively: at lower temperatures, the hemicellulose part of the plant matter was converted to xylose and arabinose; and then at higher temperatures, the cellulose was converted to glucose and cellobiose. At the same time, a certain amount of the sugars was transformed to furfural compounds. The growth behavior of the yeast Candida utilis (strain Weissenbach) was analyzed, using cellobiose, xylose, and glucose (standard) as carbon sources. The growth curves applying cellobiose were nearly identical to those of glucose. Xylose showed lower productivity than the hexoses. The main products of the hydrothermal degradation can, therefore, be used favorably as nutritive substances for this proteinproducing yeast.
A Multiperiod Capacity Planning Model for Backbone Computer Communication Networks (1992)

The cost of transmission capacity constitutes a significant portion of the total investment cost of a backbone computer communications network. In this paper, we address the problem of deciding where, when and how much transmission capacity should be installed, over a multiperiod horizon, to meet increasing traffic requirements at minimum total discounted cost, while maintaining acceptable performance levels. The model allows traffic among existing nodes to increase, new nodes to be added to the network, and its topology to change, over time. It is formulated as an integer programming problem, and a Lagrangian relaxation based solution method is proposed. Capacity and routing decisions are made jointly over time in our multiperiod model. Furthermore, our method automatically provides numerical verification of solution quality through the Lagrangian lower bound. Computational experiments with several networks show that the method yields verifiably good solutions to this combinatorially explosive problem.
Dynamics of Membrane Protein/Amphipol Association Studied by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer:  Implications for in Vitro Studies of Amphipol-Stabilized Membrane Proteins (2007)

Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents to keep membrane proteins (MPs) water-soluble while stabilizing them biochemically. We have examined the factors that determine the size and dispersity of MP/APol complexes and studied the dynamics of the association, taking as a model system the transmembrane domain of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A (tOmpA) trapped by A8-35, a polyacrylate-based APol. Molecular sieving indicates that the solution properties of the APol largely determine those of tOmpA/APol complexes. Achieving monodispersity depends on using amphipols that themselves form monodisperse particles, on working in neutral or basic solutions, and on the presence of free APols. In order to investigate the role of the latter, a fluorescently labeled version of A8-35 has been synthesized. Förster resonance energy transfer measurements show that extensive dilution of tOmpA/A8-35 particles into an APol-free medium does not entail any detectable desorption of A8-35, even after extended periods of time (hours-days). The fluorescent APol, on the other hand, readily exchanges for other surfactants, be they detergent or unlabeled APol. These findings are discussed in the contexts of sample optimization for MP solution studies and of APol-mediated MP functionalization.
3-Substituted Thiophenes. I (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Substituted Thiophenes. IE. Campaigne and William M. LeSuerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 4, 1555–1558Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01184a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01184a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impulse testing of commercial transformers (1933)

The transformer subcommittee of the A.I.E.E. electrical machinery committee presents herewith a progress report covering its work to date on the impulse voltage testing of commercial electric power transformers. A tentative test procedure has been agreed upon, although complete agreement has not yet been reached on all details. It is hoped that this report will stimulate among members of the Institute discussion that will be helpful to the committee in completing a formal test code during the coming year.
Real-time detection of oscillations in control loops (2011)

This paper presents an online combined approach for detection of oscillations in control loops based on an adaptive modified version of the integral of absolute error (IAE) algorithm and on the Hilbert transform. The main contributions are: a) the combined approach using the modified IAE algorithm and the estimation of instantaneous frequency using the Hilbert transform; b) the detection of sustained and non sustained oscillations in real time. Experimental results on a DC motor setup demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Impact of Nanoscale Roughness of Titanium Thin Film Surfaces on Bacterial Retention (2009)

Two human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus CIP 68.5 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9025, were adsorbed onto surfaces containing Ti thin films of varying thickness to determine the extent to which nanoscale surface roughness influences the extent of bacterial attachment. A magnetron sputter thin film system was used to deposit titanium films with thicknesses of 3, 12, and 150 nm on glass substrata with corresponding surface roughness parameters of R(q) 1.6, 1.2, and 0.7 nm (on a 4 microm x 4 microm scanning area). The chemical composition, wettability, and surface architecture of titanium thin films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, three-dimensional interactive visualization, and statistical approximation of the topographic profiles. Investigation of the dynamic evolution of the Ti thin film topographic parameters indicated that three commonly used parameters, R(a), R(q), and R(max), were insufficient to effectively characterize the nanoscale rough/smooth surfaces. Two additional parameters, R(skw) and R(kur), which describe the statistical distributions of roughness character, were found to be useful for evaluating the surface architecture. Analysis of bacterial retention profiles indicated that bacteria responded differently to the surfaces on a scale of less than 1 nm change in the R(a) and R(q) Ti thin film surface roughness parameters by (i) an increased number of retained cells by a factor of 2-3, and (ii) an elevated level of secretion of extracellular polymeric substances.
Consulting About Insomnia: A Method and Some Preliminary Data (1993)

Sleep specialists are increasingly asked to advise other health care workers and patients about specific cases of insomnia, even when the patients do not plan to seek actual treatment of their insomnia at a sleep center. This paper describes a procedure for such one-time consultations. It also provides some preliminary data on the subjective efficacy of such insomnia consultations by reporting data from follow-up telephone calls placed 1, 3 and 12 months after the interview. The patients' estimates of their sleep seemed significantly improved on all three follow-up contacts, and the telephone calls also provided information on what type of recommendations were actually tried by the insomniacs and which ones seemed beneficial. Acceptance of individual sleep hygiene suggestions ranged between 68 percent and 11 percent, but those who tried a given suggestion generally reported its usefulness to be about 70 percent. Advice to seek relaxation or behavioral therapy and suggestions for various medication changes were accepted by about half of those insomniacs who received such advice, and about two-thirds of those who tried them reported them as being helpful. Advice to seek psychotherapy--although quite carefully given--typically was tried by only one-third of those who received it. Overall, the survey shows good patient acceptance of once-only insomnia consultations.