gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Production of Aligned Long Boron Nitride Nanofibers by Multijet/Multicollector Electrospinning (2009)

Boron nitride nanofibers (BNNFs) with alignment and large length have been prepared on a large scale by electrospinning the precursor fibers and subsequent nitridation. A multijet/multicollector electrospinning system is constructed by simply arranging three jets and three tip collectors abreast. By this system the aligned precursor fibers with lengths over 13 cm are collected throughout a very large length of 68 cm. The alignment of the electrospun precursor fibers is mainly induced by the converging electric field generated by the applied tip collectors. Composite B2O3/polyvinylbutyral (PVB) fibers (BOFs) were used as the precursor fibers, where PVB was added for increasing the spinnability of the electrospinning solutions. However, the presence of PVB in the BOFs results in the formation of carbon residue in the nitrided products, which is a stubborn problem for preparing the BNNFs. We successfully solved this problem by introducing a small amount of O2 at appropriate temperature during nitridation with NH3. The morphology of the nitrided products is strongly dependent on the diameter and B2O3/PVB ratio of the BOFs and the BNNFs with diameters as small as below 100 nm were obtained by controlling them. The obtained BNNFs were crystallized with (002) base planes preferentially oriented in parallel to the fiber axis. A high onset oxidation temperature of 890 °C was demonstrated for the BNNFs.
Improved endocervical sampling and HPV viral load detection by Cervex‐Brush<sup>®</sup> Combi (2006)

Sampling with the Cervex-Brush Combi resulted in the collection of the same amount of squamous cells, but in a two to threefold harvest of endocervical cells. This led to the detection of a higher viral load for oncogenic HPV and an increase in the number of detected abnormal smears.
Hierarchical construction of orientation and velocity selective filters (1989)

As a step towards the early measurement of visual primitives, the authors outline design criteria for the extraction of orientation and velocity information, and present a variety of tools useful in the construction of simple linear filters. A hierarchical parallel-processing scheme is used in which nodes compute a weighted sum of inputs from within a small spatio-temporal neighborhood. The resulting scheme is easily analyzed and provides mechanisms sensitive to narrow ranges of both image velocity and orientation. The hierarchical approach in combination with separability in the first levels yields an efficient implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrolysis of Sucrose by Autoclaving Media, a Neglected Aspect in the Technique of Culture of Plant Tissues (1953)

Ernest Ball, Hydrolysis of Sucrose by Autoclaving Media, a Neglected Aspect in the Technique of Culture of Plant Tissues, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 80, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1953), pp. 409-411
Pile Driving in Coral Deposits: A Case Study along the Red Sea (2002)

At an offshore site along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia, marine structures were supported on tubular steel piles driven into coral and coral contaminated sands and silts. Surprises and disappointments faced during the installation of the piled foundation were, to a large measure, due to inappropriate design methodology and absence of proper soil information. The paper describes the changes introduced to the design during the execution of the project, highlights the pile test program conducted to verify the design, and compares pile design penetration with actual penetration depth. Despite corrections made to the design using site-specific load tests, the final design adopted overestimated capacities in over 50 percent of total piles driven. The unpredictable and erratic pile behavior observed, ascertains the need for more appropriate pile design and installation guidelines for driven piles in coral and coral contaminated formations.
[Genetic blood markers in arthritic diseases]. (1978)

In the course of studying patients affected with arthritic diseases (bronchial asthma, sugar diabetes) a relationship between those diseases and the blood groups of the Hp and MN systems was established. Patients with bronchial asthma more frequently than in the controls belonged to the Hp 2-2 type and to blood groups MN and O (I), whereas the patients affected with sugar diabetes are usually of the Hp 2-1 type and belong to the belong to the blood groups MN and A(II). The investigation of patients affected with other diseases having a pathogenesis similar to that of bronchial asthma or of diabetes and the observation of healthy persons after prophylactic inoculations as well as the study of sugar metabolism in healthy persons all confirm the relationship of Hp, MN and ABO antigens with arthritic diseases.
Polarization-enhanced Mg doping of AlGaN/GaN superlattices (1999)

The hole-transport properties of Mg-doped AlGaN/GaN superlattices are carefully examined. Variable-temperature Hall-effect measurements indicate that the use of such superlattices enhances the average hole concentration at a temperature of 120 K by over five orders of magnitude compared to a bulk GaN film (the enhancement at room temperature is a factor of 9). An unusual modulation-doping scheme, which has been realized using molecular-beam epitaxy, has yielded high-hole-mobility superlattices and conclusively demonstrated the pivotal role of piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization in determining the band structure of the superlattices.
Strategic Intent for IT Outsourcing (1998)

Eight years after Kodak energized the marketplace by outsourcing major components of its information systems (IS) function, the information technology (IT) outsourcing services industry is booming.Industry analysts predict that the global market will grow from $86 billion in 1996 to more than $137 billion by 2001. 1 Outsourcing arrangements with contract revenues in the hundreds of millions of dollars, once considered large, are dwarfed by recent deals such as those signed by J.P. Morgan, Dupont, and Xerox Corporation for billions of dollars.As the market matures, numerous companies routinely outsource large components of their IS activities.A 1996 survey of 450 information systems executives in North America and Europe found that about 50 percent of the respondents were planning to engage in outsourcing during 1996, and another 25 percent were considering it. 2 is central to business initiatives such as reengineering, knowledge management, the creation of electronic channels of distribution, and the development of digital business strategies. 3Why are companies outsourcing the activities of their IS departments at such an unprecedented rate when IT has never been more critical to business success?The motivations for outsourcing are evolving from a primary focus on cost reduction to an emerging emphasis on improving business performance.The traditional rationale of vendor economies of scale and specialization is becoming less convincing.Companies such as Dupont, British Petroleum Exploration, Lufthansa, Swiss Bank Corporation, and J.P. Morgan, with well-run, innovative IS departments that are large enough to accrue the same scale and specialization benefits as a vendor, are nevertheless engaged in significant outsourcing deals.Furthermore, as the growing role and importance of information and communications technologies become widely recognized, companies frequently confront a wide disparity between the capabilities and skills necessary to realize the potential of these technologies and the reality of their own in-house technology capabilities and skills.IT outsourcing is playing an increasingly prominent role in strategies designed to close this gap.
Application of a lipase in cake manufacture (2006)

Abstract The effects of the addition of a new form of lipase, reported to form polar monoacyl lipids in wheat flour doughs, were studied in high‐ratio layer cake batters and the baked products. Measurement of surface phenomena of the air/water interface in the batter showed a slight lowering of surface tension and significant lowering of surface viscosity. In contrast, the bulk viscosity of the batter was increased. These changes indicated that surface‐active materials had been formed and were causing important changes in the batter. Their effects on processing were to reduce the time needed to aerate the batter to the target density. Measurements on the baked cakes using six commercial cake flours showed increased specific volume and some improvement in appearance, particularly the evenness of the crack in the top crust and lack of large holes in the crumb. More detailed examination of the cellular crumb structure by image analysis showed that the overall expansion was largely due to greater expansion of individual gas cells. This indicated that there was an increase in bubble stability during baking. Storage tests on the cakes over 15 days showed improvements in softness due to the increased volume and in some cases a small anti‐firming effect. The rate of moisture diffusion from crumb to crust, which plays an important role in cake staling, was not significantly different for cakes with added lipase. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Processing of Lithium Zirconate for Applications in Carbon Dioxide Separation: Structure and Properties of the Powders (2004)

Lithium zirconate, Li 2 ZrO 3 , has been reported as a candidate material for high‐temperature CO 2 separation. The reaction of Li 2 ZrO 3 with CO 2 is extremely fast, and the material can store significant quantities of CO 2 at high temperature. The reacted CO 2 can be regenerated by thermal cycling. Alternatively, a membrane system might be developed based on the reversible reaction process. For absorption and membrane separation, the particle size, crystal structure, and state of agglomeration of the Li 2 ZrO 3 powders are important. Therefore, we have synthesized Li 2 ZrO 3 using sol‐gel procedures and compared its properties with powders made via a powder‐mixing route and a commercial‐grade powder. The morphologic and structural characteristics of the powders and their CO 2 absorption properties are discussed.
A second shermilamine alkaloid from a tunicate Trididemnum sp (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA second shermilamine alkaloid from a tunicate Trididemnum spAnthony R. Carroll, Niranjala M. Cooray, Anthony Poiner, and Paul J. ScheuerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 17, 4231–4232Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00278a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (283 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The presence of host-derived HLA-DR1 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 increases viral infectivity (1997)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) incorporates several host cell components when budding out of the infected cell. One of the most abundant host-derived molecules acquired by HIV-1 is the HLA-DR determinant of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. The fact that CD4 is the natural ligand of MHC-II prompted us to determine if such virally embedded cellular components can affect the biology of the virus. Herein, we report for the first time that the incorporation of cellular HLA-DR1 within HIV-1 enhances its infectivity. This observation was made possible with virions bearing or not bearing on their surfaces host-derived HLA-DR1 glycoproteins. Such virus stocks were prepared by a transient-expression system based on transfection of 293T cells with a recombinant luciferase-encoding HIV-1 molecular clone along with plasmids encoding the alpha and beta chains of HLA-DR1. Cell-free virions recovered from transfected cells were shown to have efficiently incorporated host-derived HLA-DR1 glycoproteins. Infectivity was increased by a factor of 1.6 to 2.3 for virions bearing on their surfaces host-derived HLA-DR1. The observed enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity was independent of the virus stocks used and was seen in several T-lymphoid cell lines, in a premonocytoid cell line, and in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, we determined that the presence of virion-bound cellular HLA-DR1 is associated with faster kinetics of virus infection. Taken together, these results suggest that HLA-DR-1-bearing HIV-1 particles had a greater infectivity per picogram of viral p24 protein than HLA-DR1-free virions.
Cross-correlation procedures for measuring noise and distortion in AGC hearing aids (2000)

The magnitude-squared coherence function (MSC) has been used to measure noise and distortion in linear and compression hearing aids. However, the MSC will overestimate the distortion in a linear time-varying system such as a compression amplifier. The reduction in coherence caused by varying the gain in an otherwise linear system can be substantial, and can lead to large errors in estimating the distortion present in a compression hearing aid. The effects of gain changes in a linear system can be reduced by measuring the normalized system input-output cross correlation, which emphasizes the variance in the system phase response and deemphasizes the system gain fluctuations. Estimates of the total noise and distortion produced using the MSC, phase variance, and notched-noise measurement techniques are compared for additive noise, clipping distortion, and compression amplification. The MSC is found to give the most accurate results for estimating the noise and distortion in a linear time-invariant system, and the notched noise measurements are the most accurate for a compression system. The phase variance is found to give reasonable measurements for a time-varying gain as long as the system variations are slow relative to the length of the analysis data segments.
Crystallization of Double-Layered Silicon Thin Films by Solid Green Laser Annealing for High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors (2007)

We report a new laser crystallization method employing double-layered amorphous-Si ( a-Si) thin films for solid green laser annealing (GLA) crystallization that is called GLA double-layered x'tallization (GLADLAX). Crystallization of the upper and lower a-Si layers of the double-layered substrate at a single laser scanning was achieved, with the upper a-Si becoming poly-Si with very large crystal grains and the lower a-Si layer becoming microcrystalline Si. Thin-film transistors using the upper layer of poly-Si that is crystallized by the method as their active channels had excellent switching performance, with their mobility exceeding 350 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots, demonstrating promising applicability of GLADLAX to thin-film electronics
Numerical modeling of coherent coupling and radiation fields in planar Y-branch interferometers (1992)

The beam-propagation method is used to study intermodal power transfer and radiation losses in slab waveguide splitters and combiners. Numerical computations demonstrate how modal power at an interferometer's recombination point exhibits an oscillatory dependence on the length of each distinct section of the structure. Recoupling of guided and unguided modes can be anticipated and adjusted so as to maximize output modal power and minimize sensitivity to transition lengths. Examples are given for systems formed from both angle bends and S bends.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control designs for an adaptive optics system (2002)

In this paper we designed a sequence of controllers of increasing complexity to control the adaptive optics system. The controllers were designed using an experimentally identified plant model. The simplest controllers were of the PID type and were simple to design using SISO methodologies (root locus, Bode plots, etc.). We then analyzed each controller using singular value (SV) Bode plots, and showed that each controller met the performance requirements of high bandwidth and good error rejection characteristics. We also designed a controller based on the H/sup /spl infin// control design technique. The H/sup /spl infin// controller offers better performance than the PID designs, in that it retains the low frequency disturbance rejection characteristics, meets the high bandwidth requirement, and has smaller peaking and less spreading in the singular value Bode plot. One of the criticisms of the modern control methods is that they produce high order, highly complex controllers. Using model reduction techniques, we demonstrated that the original 60th order H/sup /spl infin// controller can reduced to a 24th order controller with little loss of performance. Thus, the reduced order H/sup /spl infin// controller has better performance than the PLD counterpart of the same order.
Expression of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha and topoisomerase IIbeta genes predicts survival and response to chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. (1999)

Drug resistance is a major problem in patients with small cell lung cancer; in fact, most die of resistant disease, despite an initial response. Several markers of drug resistance have been described in preclinical models, but the mechanism of drug resistance in lung cancer patients remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the expression of a number of markers of drug resistance, proliferation, and apoptosis in relation to response to chemotherapy and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer. Tumor samples were derived from 93 previously untreated patients who were randomized in a Phase III study to receive cyclophosphamide, epirubicine, and etoposide or cyclophosphamide, epirubicine and vincristine alternating with carboplatin and etoposide. Paraffin-embedded samples, derived from the primary tumor site prior to chemotherapy, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of markers implicated in drug resistance [topoisomerase (topo) IIalpha, topo IIbeta, and multidrug resistance-associated protein], apoptosis (p53, p21, and bcl-2), or proliferation (Ki67). Response prediction was analyzed by chi2 test and logistic regression analysis; overall and disease-free survival curves were compared by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Shorter survival was observed in patients with extensive disease (P = 0.037) and poorer performance status (P = 0.028) and in patients whose tumors expressed high topo IIalpha levels (P = 0.01) and high Ki67 (P = 0.024). By multivariate analysis, the following factors were found to be predictive for worse survival: high expression levels of topo IIalpha, Ki67, and bcl-2; male sex; and extensive disease. High topo IIbeta expression was found to be predictive for lower overall and complete response rate. No relationship between apoptotic pathway markers or MRP and response to chemotherapy was observed. In conclusion, high expression of topo IIalpha was predictive of worse survival, and high expression of topo IIbeta was predictive of lower response rates. Furthermore, lower survival probability was observed in patients with bcl-2-positive tumors. Immunohistochemical assessment of these markers in diagnostic biopsies may give important prognostic information and may help selecting patients in the worse prognostic categories for new therapeutic strategies.
Transactivation by Retinoid X Receptor–Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Heterodimers: Intermolecular Synergy Requires Only the PPARγ Hormone-Dependent Activation Function (1998)

The ability of DNA sequence-specific transcription factors to synergistically activate transcription is a common property of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The present work characterizes a unique form of intermolecular transcriptional synergy between two members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Heterodimers formed between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), an adipocyte-enriched member of the superfamily required for adipogenesis, and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) can activate transcription in response to ligands specific for either subunit of the dimer. Simultaneous treatment with ligands specific for both PPARgamma and RXR has a synergistic effect on the transactivation of reporter genes and on adipocyte differentiation in cultured cells. Mutation of the PPARgamma hormone-dependent activation domain (named tauc or AF-2) inhibits the ability of RXR-PPARgamma heterodimers to respond to ligands specific for either subunit. In contrast, the ability of RXR- and PPARgamma-specific ligands to synergize does not require the hormone-dependent activation domain of RXR. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that binding of ligands to RXR alters the conformation of the dimerization partner, PPARgamma, and modulates the activity of the heterodimer in a manner independent of the RXR hormone-dependent activation domain.
Superpixel-driven graph transform for image compression (2015)

Block-based compression tends to be inefficient when blocks contain arbitrary shaped discontinuities. Recently, graph-based approaches have been proposed to address this issue, but the cost of transmitting graph topology often overcome the gain of such techniques. In this work we propose a new Superpixel-driven Graph Transform (SDGT) that uses clusters of superpixels, which have the ability to adhere nicely to edges in the image, as coding blocks and computes inside these homogeneously colored regions a graph transform which is shape-adaptive. Doing so, only the borders of the regions and the transform coefficients need to be transmitted, in place of all the structure of the graph. The proposed method is finally compared to DCT and the experimental results show how it is able to outperform DCT both visually and in term of PSNR.