gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Cytokine Tolerance in Rodent Hepatocytes by Chylomicron-Bound LPS is Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Dependent (2003)

We examined the role of lipoprotein receptors in mediating chylomicron-bound lipopolysaccharide (CM-LPS)-induced cytokine tolerance in rodent hepatocytes. We found that 2 h of pretreatment with CM-LPS (5 mg TG/mL) was sufficient to induce cytokine tolerance, as measured by decreased nitric oxide (NO) production by hepatocytes (20% of the Control group, P < 0.03). Tolerance was evident as early as 2 h after pretreatment and disappeared after 40 h. Furthermore, we evaluated the roles of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) in the induction of cytokine tolerance in hepatocytes. Biochemical inhibition of the receptors or use of hepatocytes from LDLR-deficient mice revealed that functional LDLR was necessary for the induction of tolerance. However, by increasing the pretreatment time, the LRP compensated for the absence of the LDLR in induction of cytokine tolerance. In conclusion, CM-LPS-mediated induction of cytokine tolerance to proinflammatory cytokines is a time- and dose-dependent process that requires functional lipoprotein receptors. These findings underscore an interrelationship between TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism and innate immunity.
Exploring user expertise and descriptive ability in community question answering (2014)

The research on community question answering (CQA) has been paid increasing attention in recent years. In CQA, to reduce the number of unanswered questions and the time for askers to wait, it is very necessary to identify relevant experts or best answers for these questions. Generally, the experts' answers are more likely to be the best answers. Existing studies considered that user expertise is reflected by the voting scores of both answers and questions. However, voting scores of questions are not really related to user expertise. In this paper, we proposed a new probabilistic model to depict users' expertise based on answers and their descriptive ability based on questions. To exploit social information in CQA, the link analysis is also considered. Extensive experiments on the large Stack Overflow dataset demonstrate that our methods can achieve comparable or even better performance than the state-of-the-art models.
A zebrafish Id homologue and its pattern of expression during embryogenesis (1997)

We describe the cloning, sequencing and pattern of transcript distribution during embryogenesis of a zebrafish Id homologue that we have called Id6. Transcription of the gene is spatially regulated, and its pattern of transcription shows considerable overlaps with those of other zebrafish genes with homology to Drosophila neurogenic genes, such as Notch and Delta. Since all these genes are coexpressed in particular cells, they may function together in a single genetic circuit in zebrafish as they do in Drosophila. A zebrafish homologue of Drosophila AS-C proteins can activate transcription of a CAT reporter gene by binding to an E-box in mouse 3T3 cells, either alone or in conjunction with ZfE12. The activation of transcription is inhibited in the presence of Id6. This indicates that the zebrafish gene described here is a genuine member of the Id family, and suggests that it may serve a function similar to that of the Drosophila gene emc and mammalian Ids during development.
Benefits of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of recurrent diabetic foot ulceration in Lithuania: a prospective study. (1999)

This prospective study has demonstrated the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach to diabetic foot care together with the provision of specialty footwear in the long-term management of high-risk patients with a history of neuropathic foot ulcers.
Novel ACE2-IgG1 fusions with improved <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activity against SARS-CoV2 (2020)

SARS-CoV2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, uses ACE2 as a cell entry receptor. Soluble ACE2 has been shown to have neutralizing antiviral activity but has a short half-life and no active transport mechanism from the circulation into the alveolar spaces of the lung. To overcome this, we constructed an ACE2-human IgG1 fusion protein with mutations in the catalytic domain of ACE2. This fusion protein contained a LALA mutation that abrogates Fcrγ binding, but retains FcRN binding to prolong the half-life, as well as achieve therapeutic concentrations in the lung lavage. Interestingly, a mutation in the catalytic domain of ACE2, MDR504, completely abrogated catalytic activity, but significantly increased binding to SARS-CoV2 spike protein <i>in vitro</i>. This feature correlated with more potent viral neutralization in a plaque assay. Parental administration of the protein showed stable serum concentrations with a serum half-life of ~ 145 hours with excellent bioavailability in the epithelial lining fluid of the lung. Prophylactic administration of MDR504 significantly attenuated SARS-CoV2 infection in a murine model. These data support that the MDR504 hACE2-Fc is an excellent candidate for pre or post-exposure prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19.
Design considerations for current transformer based energy harvesting for electronics attached to electric motor (2008)

Energy harvesting or scavenging from environment is being researched intensively. The main motivation of the research is to develop a maintenance free energy source for ubiquitous electronics, such as wireless sensors or sensor networks. The on-line condition monitoring of electric motors requires also sensors that are installed at the motor. In this case, the energy required by sensors could be harvested from a magnetic field. In this article, current transformer based energy harvesting is considered. A switch-mode power supply utilizing current transformer is designed. It is tested in laboratory with the mains supply and variable speed drive. According to the tests carried out, the current transformer based power sources are a feasible alternative to supply the electronics attached to an electric motor.
Safety Valve for Ultradeepwater Applications (2010)

Abstract In recent years, offshore oil and gas exploration has continued to push into deeper and deeper waters, such as those in the Lower Tertiary fields of the Gulf of Mexico. As these field discoveries are being completed, the application requirements for safety valve installations are moving toward valves that can be set very deep, but still only require a relatively low operating pressure to control the valve. In traditional safety valve applications, operating pressures are sensitive to the wellbore pressure and are typically above those pressures to hold the valve in the open position. As the setting depth of these valves goes deeper, the operating pressures increase to a significant level such that umbilical and wellhead design and performance is detrimentally affected. As a result of these constraints that occur in deep, offshore fields, a safety valve solution is desired to provide an ability to minimize opening pressures by balancing tubing pressure in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions, yet allow extreme valve setting depth capability without compromising operational characteristics such as high opening pressures or pressure-balanced pistons using long-term valve gas charge storage. This paper discusses a new surface-controlled, subsurface safety valve (SCSSV) that uses the low opening pressures of a tubing-pressure-insensitive safety valve, without gas-charged assisted closure or dual control lines for balanced line applications. This system enhances valve reliability by eliminating the need for pressure reversals across the valve’s critical actuating piston seals while maintaining tubing pressure insensitivity. This system provides for much deeper valve depth capabilities compared to the methods previously discussed and also allows the safety valve to account for annulus pressure buildup scenarios not possible in current SCSSV applications. This paper presents design and development considerations for a new SCSSV solution allowing ultradeep setting depths without closed volume gas charged spring techniques utilized in current deep-set SCSSV technology. Test results will demonstrate the features, benefits, and reliability of this new safety valve in reference to previously unattainable valve operating depths in aggressive subsea well designs or annulus pressure buildup scenarios.
Regulation of Intracellular Iron Metabolism in Human Erythroid Precursors by Internalized Extracellular Ferritin (1999)

Abstract Human erythroid precursors grown in culture possess membrane receptors that bind and internalize acid isoferritin. These receptors are regulated by the iron status of the cell, implying that ferritin iron uptake may represent a normal physiologic pathway. The present studies describe the fate of internalized ferritin, the mechanisms involved in the release of its iron, and the recognition of this iron by the cell. Normal human erythroid precursors were grown in a 2-phase liquid culture that supports the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of erythroid precursors. At the stage of polychromatic normoblasts, cells were briefly incubated with 59Fe- and/or125I-labeled acid isoferritin and chased. The125I-labeled ferritin protein was rapidly degraded and only 50% of the label remained in intact ferritin protein after 3 to 4 hours. In parallel, 59Fe decreased in ferritin and increased in hemoglobin. Extracellular holoferritin uptake elevated the cellular labile iron pool (LIP) and reduced iron regulatory protein (IRP) activity; this was inhibited by leupeptin or chloroquine. Extracellular apoferritin taken up by the cell functioned as an iron scavenger: it decreased the level of cellular LIP and increased IRP activity. We suggest that the iron from extracellular is metabolized in a similar fashion by developing erythroid cells as is intracellular ferritin. Following its uptake, extracellular ferritin iron is released by proteolytic degradation of the protein shell in an acid compartment. The released iron induces an increase in the cellular LIP and participates in heme synthesis and in intracellular iron regulatory pathways.
Manometric changes during retrograde biliary infusion in mice (2000)

The manometric, ultrastructural, radiographic, and physiological consequences of retrograde biliary infusion were determined in normostatic and cholestatic mice. Intraluminal biliary pressure changed as a function of infusion volume, rate, and viscosity. Higher rates of constant infusion resulted in higher peak intraluminal biliary pressures. The pattern of pressure changes observed was consistent with biliary ductular and/or canalicular filling followed by leakage at a threshold pressure. Retrograde infusion with significant elevations in pressure led to paracellular leakage of lanthanum chloride, radiopaque dye, and [(14)C]sucrose with rapid systemic redistribution via sinusoidal and subsequent hepatic venous drainage. Chronic extrahepatic bile duct obstruction resulted in significantly smaller peak intrabiliary pressures and lower levels of paracellular leakage. These findings indicate that under both normostatic and cholestatic conditions elevated intrabiliary volumes/pressures result in an acute pressure-dependent physical opening of tight junctions, permitting the movement of infusate from the intrabiliary space into the subepithelial tissue compartment. Control of intraluminal pressure may potentially permit the selective delivery of macromolecules >18-20 A in diameter to specific histological compartments.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Geophysical Monitoring (2012)

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), a rapidly evolving fiber-optic based technology for permanent in-well and geophysical monitoring, has been used to record VSP data in multiple Shell assets onshore Canada, USA, Europe, and the Middle East. Useful in-well velocity data were gathered from the entire length of the well from wellhead to TD (up to 4 km), which compared well with geophone recordings and sonic log data. Walk-away VSP data yield images that are nearly equivalent to images from conventional borehole geophones in terms of signal to noise ratio and resolution. Permanently installed fiber-optic infrastructure will enable low-cost non-intrusive geophysical monitoring.
Compact Wideband Open-End Slot Antenna With Inherent Matching (2014)

A compact wideband open-end slot antenna is proposed for DCS, PCS, UMTS, WLAN, and WiMAX band applications. The antenna is composed of an open-ended slot and a central line within the slot. The open-end slot decreases the antenna size in half, compared to a conventional slot-ring antenna. Furthermore, the narrowed slot and central line miniaturize the antenna and obtain wideband performance using the inherent impedance-matching network of the central line. The proposed antenna obtained an omnidirectional radiation pattern with an antenna gain of larger than 1 dBi and an antenna efficiency of greater than 50% over 1710-3660 MHz.
Tailoring of the Gas Sensing Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes by 1-D Vertical Electron Transport Technique (2014)

Aligned TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanotubes (NTs), having diameter of 75 ± 10 nm and length of 280 ± 20 nm were synthesized by electrochemical anodization technique. Two types of device configurations, viz., planar/lateral and metal-insulator-metal (MIM)/vertical sensor structures were fabricated with TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NTs as the sensing layer. Vertical 1-D electron transport technique of MIM configurations was found to be very effective over the random (across the connected tubes) electron transport kinetics of planar devices, in determining the vapor (ethanol) sensor characteristics like response time and operating temperature. The optimum operating temperature of ethanol sensing was found to be much lower (75 °C) in case of MIM compared with its planar counterpart (150 °C). In addition, MIM configuration offered four and six times faster response and recovery times, respectively, compared with the planar ones toward 100-ppm ethanol at 75 °C. Sensing performance of the device configuration was correlated with the corresponding grain boundary model and carrier transport time with the help of 1-D electron transport path constituted of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NT array.
Histological characterization of a delayed wound healing model in pig (1998)

Chronic wounds, such as venous ulcers and pressure ulcers, frequently remain unresponsive to currently available treatments. Several animal models of wound healing have been published, including models of impaired healing developed to mimic the clinical condition of chronic wounds better. We used a delayed wound healing model in the pig that uses irradiation of the skin prior to creation of the surgical wounds and characterized it histologically. Radiation was used on one side of the back prior to making four full-thickness wounds on each side. Clinical observations were performed to record granulation tissue, reepithelialization, and wound area as a function of time. Histology data were obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, and slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for general observations. Immunohistochemistry was performed using laminin as a marker for blood vessels, and the number, size, and circularity of blood vessels found in the granulation tissue were measured. Our results show that this model causes a delay in wound healing that is mostly apparent between days 7 and 15. Granulation tissue took more time to form and fill the wounds on the irradiated side, and blood vessels were slower to develop. Blood vessels were larger and more irregular in shape on the irradiated side than on the control side. After 2 weeks, healing resumed, indicating that the induced damage was not irreversible. These results suggest that this model can be used to test the effects of therapeutic approaches intended to treat chronic wounds.
Real-Time PCR with Serum Samples Is Indispensable for Early Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever (2009)

The world's largest Q fever outbreak is ongoing in The Netherlands with around 3,000 confirmed cases since the first half of 2007. Increased awareness has resulted in early referral of patients for diagnostics. An important drawback to serological diagnosis of acute Q fever is the lag phase in antibody response. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a real-time PCR for detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA using serum samples from patients with acute Q fever. PCR, targeting IS1111, was retrospectively performed on acute-phase and follow-up convalescent-phase serum samples from 65 patients with acute Q fever as diagnosed by immunofluorescence assay. The results obtained by PCR were related to disease stage as defined by subsequent appearance of phase II IgM, phase II IgG, phase I IgM, and phase I IgG (IgM-II, IgG-II, IgM-I, and IgG-I, respectively) antibodies and time since onset of disease. In addition, we analyzed seronegative acute-phase serum samples from patients with inconclusive Q fever serology, because no convalescent-phase serum samples were available. PCR was scored positive in 49/50 (98%) seronegative sera, 9/10 (90%) sera with isolated IgM-II antibodies, 3/13 (23%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II antibodies, 2/41 (5%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgM-I antibodies, 0/15 (0%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgM-I/IgG-I antibodies, and 0/1 (0%) serum sample with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgG-I antibodies. The latest time point after onset of disease in which C. burnetii DNA could be detected was at day 17. In patients with inconclusive Q fever serology, PCR was positive in 5/50 (10%) cases. We conclude that real-time PCR with serum samples is indispensable for early diagnosis of acute Q fever. C. burnetii DNA becomes undetectable in serum as the serological response develops.
Expression of CYP1A1 Gene in Patients With Lung Cancer: Evidence for Cigarette Smoke-Induced Gene Expression in Normal Lung Tissue and for Altered Gene Regulation in Primary Pulmonary Carcinomas (1990)

The major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inducible-cytochrome P4501A1 gene (CYP1A1) is presumed to be important in pulmonary carcinogenesis and toxicology because its product, the cytochrome P4501A1-dependent (CYP1A1-dependent) monooxygenase, transforms selected xenobiotics (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon procarcinogens in cigarette smoke) to potent carcinogenic metabolites. CYP1A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has not, however, been previously demonstrated in human pulmonary tissue. This report defines CYP1A1 gene expression in normal lung tissue and primary pulmonary carcinoma tissue obtained at thoracotomy from 56 patients with lung cancer. When Northern blot hybridization analyses were performed, 17 of 19 (89%) and zero of five (0%) samples of normal lung tissue from active cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, respectively, expressed the normal 2.8-kilobase CYP1A1 mRNA. In addition, a time-dependent decrease in expression of the CYP1A1 gene was noted in normal lung tissue from individuals who were former smokers, with a decrease in expression occurring as early as 2 weeks following cessation of cigarette smoking. Expression became undetectable in all patients who had stopped smoking more than 6 weeks prior to study. When CYP1A1 gene expression was evaluated in lung cancers, mRNA levels were detectable in one of four (25%) tumors from nonsmokers; two of 24 (8%) tumors from former smokers; and seven of 15 (47%) tumors from cigarette smokers. In addition, an approximately 10-kilobase CYP1A1 RNA species, which was not detectable in normal lung tissue, was observed in five of ten (50%) of the lung cancers that expressed the CYP1A1 gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduced Insertion-Loss Broadband SAW Delay Lines (1987)

A modification of the method' for designing very broadband SAW delay lines made with slanted, chirped interdigital transducers has been developed and shown to reduce insertion loss. The delay lines consist of two identical slanted interdigital transducers, spaced to provide the requisite delay. The transducers are specified by an optimization procedure which accounts for losses due to attenuation and diffraction and compensates for the bandwidth of matching circuits as well as the values of parasitic inductance and capacitance. The transducer dispersion, electrode lengths, and tuning inductor value are chosen to minimize the insertion loss, given the constraint of uniform loss over a specified passband. The insertion losses of these delay lines are even lower than the theoretical commonly used as a measure of the quality of broadband devices.a The calculation used to determine this limit neglects all losses in the device itself, but it is based on the assumption of inefficient resistive matching. The calculated and measured insertion losses for delay lines with bandwidths up to an octave will be presented. In particular the loss of a 472 to 1090 MHz delay line was 22.5 dB. This is 2.0 dB lower than the limit of 24.5 dB presented by Hartmann, et aLa and significantly lower than previously reported experimental results. The optimization and analysis procedures for these delay lines will be discussed and compared to experimental results.
Quantification of collagen I in airway tissues using second harmonic generation (2014)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling contributes to the pathogenic changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is both complex and not well understood. Collagen I, a component of the ECM altered in COPD airways, has second harmonic generation (SHG) properties. The SHG signal is coherent, propagating both forward (F) (primarily organized/mature collagen fibrils) and backward (B) (primarily disorganized/immature collagen fibrils) parallel to the incident light. The F/B SHG ratio was used to determine the proportion of organized to disorganized collagen, with lower variation in F/B ratio between sampling regions within the same patient and between patients in the same disease group compared with analyzing F and B data alone. The F/B ratio was independent of laser power drift, regions analyzed within a tissue and tissue orientation during analysis. Using this method, we identified a significant difference in collagen organization in airway tissue between COPD and non diseased. We have developed a robust optimization and calibration methodology that will allow direct comparison of data obtained at different times and from multiple microscopes, which is directly adaptable for use with other tissue types. We report a powerful new tool for advancing our understanding of pathological ECM remodeling that may uncover new therapeutic targets in the future.
Optimized fuzzy logic control strategy of hybrid vehicles using ADVISOR (2010)

In order to increase fuel economy and decrease emitted pollution of Parallel Hybrid Vehicle (PHV), firstly a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is considered in this paper. Based on the torque desired for driving and the state of charge, its purpose is to select the optimum power split between the dual sources, which is one of the key points for PHV. Secondly, the Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method is the main contribution of this paper. ADVISOR was used as a modeling tool to determine the hybrid components and the energy management strategy parameter settings. Some simulation results are compared and discussed: the optimized FLC exhibit better performance in terms of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
The Surprising and Rapidly Evolving Status of Marketing Education in the People's Republic of China: A Survey of Comprehensive Chinese Universities (1994)

Administrators at 15 universities in the People's Republic of China indicated that marketing was the weakest area within their rapidly growing and changing management education programs. While Chinese marketing programs are modeled after U.S. programs, some aspects of China's more applied orientation could be useful to U.S. universities.