gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations in Solid Tumors: Opportunities and Challenges (2016)

The emergence of immune 'checkpoint inhibitors' such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized treatment of solid tumors including melanoma, lung cancer, among many others. The goal of checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy is to improve clinical response and minimize toxicities. Rational design of checkpoint combinations considers immune-mediated mechanisms of antitumor activity: immunogenic cell death, antigen release and presentation, activation of T-cell responses, lymphocytic infiltration into tumors and depletion of immunosuppression. Potential synergistic combinations include checkpoint blockade with conventional (radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) and newer immunotherapies (cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, among others). Reliable biomarkers are necessary to define patients who will achieve best clinical benefit with minimal toxicity in combination therapy.
Random forest based diagnosis approach for rail fault inspection in railways (2016)

Railway systems are one of the most preferred transport means worldwide. Some faults may occur on railway tracks due to several reasons and such faults may cause accidents. For this reason, railway tracks should be periodically inspected. In this study, a computer vision based approach was proposed for inspecting the faults in railway tracks. It was aimed to inspect the faults which may occur on rail surfaces such as scouring, breaking, and deficient fasteners such as bolts and sleepers with the experimental study presented. In this study, feature extraction was performed on a video image containing especially a healthy railway track. Then, feature extraction was again performed on the image containing healthy railway track by generating virtual faults, and these two data sets were labelled as faulty and healthy, and trained. Algorithm was applied on a video image including faulty and healthy frames, operating time and accuracy performance was measured and a decision making mechanism was established during test phase.
Levitation of superconducting composites (1991)

The inverse levitation of a high temperature superconductor polymer composite consisting of powdered quench melt growth Ba2YCu3O(7-delta) and cyanoacrylate is reported. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements for the composite are compared to those measured for the bulk material prior to powdering. Differences in the flux pining capability between the two material forms are small but significant.
Hierarchical distributed architectures for autonomous mobile robots: A case study (2007)

Robots are becoming commonplace in unstructured and dynamic environments, ranging from homes to offices, public sites, catastrophe sites, military scenarios. Achieving adequate performance in such circumstances requires complex control architectures, mixing adequately deliberative and reactive capabilities. This mixing needs to be properly addressed from both the software and hardware architectures point of view and, particularly, the mapping of the former onto the latter, in order to reduce mutual interference between concurrent behaviors and support the desired coordination with adequate level of reactivity. This paper discusses the benefits of using hierarchical distributed hardware architectures and presents the case study of the CAMBADA soccer robots developed at the University of Aveiro, Portugal. These robots use a distributed hardware architecture with a central computer to carry out vision sensing, global coordination and deliberative functions and a low-level distributed sensing and actuation system based on a set of simple microcontroller nodes interconnected with a Controller Area Network (CAN).
The Late Wisconsinan Vertebrate Fauna From Deadman Cave Southern Arizona Usa (1984)

We report a particularly rich assemblage of fossil vertebrates from a cave in southern Arizona. This fauna provides new data for reconstructing the inadequately known Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene biota of the Sonoran Desert and nearby mountains. The vertebrate fauna of Deadman Cave includes 5 amphibians, 25 reptiles (13 lizards and 12 snakes), 12 birds, and 22 mammals for a total of 64 species. Only one amphibian {Bufo woodhousei), three reptiles (Callisaurus draconoides, Phrynosoma modestum, Gyalopium canum), and one mammal {Microtus species) are locally extirpated, although all still occur in southern Arizona. An unidentified icterine bird may prove to be an extinct species. Extinct mammals include Euceratherium collinum, Equus species, and Nothrotheriops shastensis, all large herbivores. Other than the extinct animals, the fauna dating of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene is little different from that which is available in southern Arizona today. What appears to have changed is the mosaic of the plant and animal community. Distinctly boreal animals are lacking from the fauna. The climate during the time of deposition of the cave sediment appears to have been equable; certain animals now confined to deserts were able to live in more diverse woodland communities.
Intergeneric Communication in Dental Plaque Biofilms (2000)

Dental plaque is a complex biofilm that accretes in a series of discrete steps proceeding from a gram-positive streptococcus-rich biofilm to a structure rich in gram-negative anaerobes. This study investigated information flow between two unrelated plaque bacteria, Streptococcus cristatus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. A surface protein of S. cristatus caused repression of the P. gingivalis fimbrial gene (fimA), as determined by a chromosomal fimA promoter-lacZ reporter construct and by reverse transcription-PCR. Signaling activity was associated with a 59-kDa surface protein of S. cristatus and showed specificity for the fimA gene. Furthermore, P. gingivalis was unable to form biofilm microcolonies with S. cristatus. Thus, S. cristatus is capable of modulating virulence gene expression in P. gingivalis, consequently influencing the development of pathogenic plaque.
An Extended Range Liquid Extrusion Method for Determining Pore Size Distributions (1986)

A liquid extrusion method for determining pore volume distributions has been developed that is especially useful for, but not restricted to, characterizing fibrous materials. It involves gravimetric monitoring of liquid that drains from an initially saturated sample as incremental increases in pressure gradient are applied across it. Any liquid that wets the material can be used. Using techniques devised for applying an extended range of pressure gradients, it is possible to detect pore radii from 0.5 to 1,000 μm. Results for a variety of substrates show the sensitivity of the method. For example, bimodal distributions obtained for woven fabrics reflect the larger interyarn and smaller intrayarn pores. Advantages and limitations of the method and the meaning and usefulness of the data are discussed.
Use of a Pharmacy Protocol to Convert Standard Rituximab Infusions to Rapid Infusion Shortens Outpatient Infusion Clinic Visits (2014)

Use of a pharmacist protocol that converted standard rituximab infusions to a rapid 90-minute infusion decreased the duration of outpatient infusion clinic visits for rituximab infusion.
Arrest in Primitive Erythroid Cell Development Caused by Promoter-specific Disruption of the GATA-1 Gene (1997)

To elucidate the in vivo function of GATA-1 during hematopoiesis, we specifically disrupted the erythroid promoter of the GATA-1 gene in embryonic stem cells and generated germ line chimeras. Male offspring of chimeras bearing the targeted mutation were found to die by 12.5 days post coitus due to severe anemia while heterozygous females displayed characteristics ranging from severe anemia to normal erythropoiesis. When female heterozygotes were crossed with transgenic males carrying a reporter gene, which specifically marks primitive erythroid progenitors, massive accumulation of undifferentiated erythroid cells were observed in the yolk sacs of the GATA-1-mutant embryos, demonstrating that GATA-1 is required for the terminal differentiation of primitive erythroid cells in vivo.
Fe-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols (2014)

Oxidation of alcohols is an essential organic reaction, affording versatile carbonyl groups. To provide a sustainable solution for environmentally harmful traditional oxidation methods, the transition-metal catalyzed acceptor-free dehydrogenation of alcohols has attracted much attention. The widely used catalysts for the dehydrogenation reaction are based on precious metals, which are not economical and environmentally benign. We developed an operationally simple, economical, and environmentally benign acceptorless Fe-catalyzed dehydrogenation of various secondary benzylic alcohols to afford the corresponding ketones and H2. A simple in situ mixture of readily available Fe(III) acetylacetonate, 1,10-phenanthroline, and K2CO3 was identified as an active catalyst for this transformation.
Molecular cloning of a gene that is necessary for G1 progression in mammalian cells. (1987)

We have cloned a human cDNA that complements the mutation of ts11, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the BHK hamster cell line that at the nonpermissive temperature is blocked in progression through the G1 phase of the cell growth cycle. After transfecting human chromosomal DNA into ts11 cells and selecting for cells that had acquired a non-ts phenotype, we screened a genomic library constructed in the EMBL3 lambda vector from a secondary non-ts transformant and isolated a recombinant phage containing human DNA sequences that were uniformly present in primary and secondary non-ts transformants. Genomic probes that recognized an mRNA of about 2 kilobases in human cells were used to isolate from a cDNA expression library two cDNA plasmids that could efficiently transform ts11 cells to a non-ts phenotype. Sequencing of one of these cDNAs revealed a single open reading frame, which could encode a 540 amino acid protein. The ts11 gene has at least two other homologs in human DNA and thus it appears to be part of a small gene/pseudogene family. Experiments with serum-synchronized cells indicate that the expression of the ts11 gene, which is necessary for G1 progression, is itself cell-cycle regulated, being induced in approximately mid-G1.
Carotenoids from marigold (Tagetes erecta) petals and their esterified fatty acids. (1978)

The design of next-generation systems running streaming applications is becoming extremely challenging as these systems are executing many real-time applications concurrently. To address this design challenge, predictable multi-processor systems-on-chip platforms and accompanying model-based design approaches are being developed. This tutorial presents an overview of future platforms and design approaches needed to design next-generation embedded systems for real-time streaming applications. During the hands-on session the participants apply this theory to a practical example.
Extending a knowledge-based network to support temporal event reasoning (2010)

While the polling or request/response paradigm adopted by many network and systems management approaches form the backbone of modern monitoring and management systems, the most important and interesting events, faults, alerts and log messages arrive at the management agent in a push-based asynchronous manner. However, in the management infrastructure itself, at the point where events are initially processed and matched to subscribers, there have been few attempts to identify relationships or dependencies between events. This means that most of this burden is placed on the management application, or indeed the managers themselves. This research investigates enhancing the expressiveness of a knowledge-based networking middleware with the addition of three temporal operators to be used in subscriptions to select matching events. A prototype design is presented and a number of implementations are compared. The approach is also motivated using two scenarios for temporal correlation of warnings and faults in managed networks. The effect on the scalability of the extended knowledge-based network system is also evaluated.
Surprises on the Way from One- to Two-Dimensional Quantum Magnets: The Ladder Materials (1996)

To make the transition from the quasi-long-range order in a chain of antiferromagnetically coupled S = 1/2 spins to the true long-range order that occurs in a plane, one can assemble chains to make ladders of increasing width. Surprisingly, this crossover between one and two dimensions is not at all smooth. Ladders with an even number of legs have purely short-range magnetic order and a finite energy gap to all magnetic excitations. Predictions of this ground state have now been verified experimentally. Holes doped into these ladders are predicted to pair and possibly superconduct.
20GHz GaAs FET Oscillator using a Dielectric Resonator (1982)

A new type of highly stabilized 20 GHz GaAs FET oscillator using a dielectric resonator has been developed. Not using any frequency multiplying device, it features compactness, simple configuration and high reliability. A frequency stability of within ±15ppm (0°C~+50°C) was obtained at 20 GHz.
The technical art of sea of thieves (2018)

Sea of Thieves posed a unique challenge - developing a stylised, open world game in Unreal Engine 4, a demanding and contemporary game engine focused on photo-realistic rendering. Our game contains a large number of dynamic elements and is designed to run on hardware ranging from integrated GPUs on a laptop, to the most powerful modern gaming PCs. Over the course of development, we have come up with a number of innovative techniques focused both on keeping an open world game like ours performant and visually appealing.
Effect of nitrogen on the electronic properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films grown on quartz and diamond substrates (2006)

The electronic transport properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films grown from an argon-rich $\mathrm{Ar}∕\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ microwave plasma have been investigated in the temperature range from 300 up to $700\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and as a function of nitrogen added to the gas phase (from 0 to 20%). The influence of nitrogen incorporation on the electronic transport properties of the ultrananocrystalline diamond films was examined by conductivity and Hall effect experiments. Electron spin resonance and electrically detected magnetic-resonance measurements complement the electronic transport study. In the case of films grown with a high nitrogen content in the gas phase, it was possible to perform Hall effect experiments, which showed n-type conductivity, with carrier concentrations up to ${10}^{20}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and mobilities above $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$ at room temperature. From the temperature dependence of the conductivity, we propose that electron transport via grain boundaries can explain the high conductivity (up to $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) of nitrogen containing ultrananocrystalline diamond films. The conduction mechanism in these films is explained by a transition from variable range-hopping transport in localized states near the Fermi level (in the case of low-conductivity films) to defect band conduction (in the case of high-conductivity films). The results have been discussed using a hopping model which assumes an exponential distribution of the density of states near the Fermi level, in order to explain the temperature dependence of the conductivity in the temperature range from 300 up to $700\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Electrically detected magnetic resonance confirms that the transport of the low-conductivity samples can be explained by hopping via carbon dangling bonds.
Human Myocardium: Single-Breath-hold MR T1 Mapping with High Spatial Resolution—Reproducibility Study (2006)

A prospective study approved by the local ethics committee was performed to establish the normal range and reproducibility of myocardial T1 values as assessed with single-breath-hold T1 mapping with high spatial resolution. With a 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system, baseline and contrast material-enhanced modified Look-Locker inversion recovery, or MOLLI, imaging was performed in 15 healthy volunteers who had given written informed consent. Image quality scores and myocardial T1 values were derived for standard short-axis segments and sections. Results were compared with those from a second MR imaging study performed on the same day (baseline only) and those from a third study performed on a different day (baseline and contrast enhanced; eight volunteers). Intra- and interobserver agreement were determined. Myocardial T1 maps were obtained rapidly in a reproducible fashion. A normal range for baseline and postcontrast myocardial T1 was established (baseline mean T1 in short-axis sections, 980 msec +/- 53 [standard deviation]; 95% confidence interval: 964, 997; number of sections, 43). This technique could enable direct quantification of changes in tissue characteristics in ischemic and inflammatory myocardial diseases.
<title>Digital watermarking based on self-similarity in DWT of image</title> (2001)

Digital watermarking has been recently proposed as the mean for property right protection of digital products. In this paper we analyze the self-similarities in detail signals of discrete wavelet transform of the image for the purpose of protecting the copyright of the image. The signature embedded using this method is retrievable only by the mean of protected information. Our studies have shown that the watermarked image has a good quality of image, and such a watermark is difficult to detect and unchangeable without the appropriate user crytogram.
Novel Insights into Seed Fatty Acid Synthesis and Modification Pathways from Genetic Diversity and Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of the <i>Brassica</i> C Genome (2007)

Natural genetic variation in fatty acid synthesis and modification pathways determine the composition of vegetable oils, which are major components of human diet and renewable products. Based on known pathways we combined diversity and genetic analysis of metabolites to infer the existence of enzymes encoded by distinct loci, and associated these with specific elongation steps or subpathways. A total of 107 lines representing different Brassica genepools revealed considerable variation for 18 seed fatty acid products. The effect of genetic variation within a single biochemical step on subsequent products was demonstrated using a correlation matrix of scatterplots, and by calculating relative step yields. Surprisingly, diploid Brassica oleracea segregating populations had a similar range of variation for individual fatty acids as across the whole genepool. This allowed identification of 22 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with activity in the plastid, early stages of synthesis, desaturation, and elongases. Four QTL were assigned to early stages of synthesis, seven to subpathway specific or general elongase activity, one to ketoacyl acyl-carrier protein synthetase, and two each to fatty acid desaturase and either desaturase or fatty acyl-carrier protein thioesterase. An additional 10 QTL had distinct effects but were not assigned specific functions. Where contrasting behavior in more than one subpathway was detected, we inferred QTL specificity for particular combinations of substrate and product. The assignment of enzyme function to QTL was consistent with the known position of some Brassicaeae candidate genes and collinear regions of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome.
Partial Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced under Anaerobic Conditions by <i>Pseudomonas</i> <i>sp</i> ANBIOSURF-1 (2010)

In-situ applications such as Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) and remediation of contaminated sites demand production of biosurfactants in large quantities under oxygen limiting conditions. Few microorganisms have been isolated so far which can cater such need. In this paper, the characteristics of a biosurfactant produced under complete anaerobic conditions are presented. A novel biosurfactant producing microorganism, Pseudomonas sp ANBIOSURF-1 was isolated in our laboratory, from a microbial consortium enriched from municipal sewage sludge. The microorganism utilized vegetable oils and produced biosurfactant under complete anaerobic conditions. TLC tests revealed the presence of sugar and lipid as hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties respectively. The biosurfactant synthesized under anaerobic condition thus belonged to class of glycolipids similar to that of rhamnolipids. The biosurfactant had a very low CMC value of 52 mg/l. The biosurfactant displayed good emulsifying activity over chlorinated solvents than the petroleum derivatives. The results suggest that Pseudomonas sp ANBIOSURF-1 could potentially be used for remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents through in-situ biosurfactant production.
Synthesis, characterization and swelling behavior of chitosan‐sucrose as a novel full‐polysaccharide superabsorbent hydrogel (2008)

Abstract A novel full‐polysaccharide hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking of chitosan with periodate‐oxidized sucrose. A tetraaldehyde molecule is synthesized via periodate oxidation of sucrose and then applied as a crosslinking agent to form a new hydrogel network. A mechanism for the superabsorbent hydrogel formation via reductive N ‐alkylation was also suggested. The structure of the hydrogel was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is shown that crosslinking of chitosan can improve its thermal stability. The effects of crosslinker concentration, pH, and inorganic salt on the swelling behavior of the hydrogel were studied. The results indicate that the hydrogel has good pH sensitivity and pH reversible response. The smart hydrogels may have potential applications in the controlled delivery of bioactive agents and for wound‐dressing application © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Foundations of Computer Technology (2020)

Foundations of Computer Technology is an easily accessible introduction to the architecture of computers and peripherals. This textbook clearly and completely explains modern computer systems through an approach that integrates components, systems, software, and design. It provides a succinct, systematic, and readable guide to computers, providing a springboard for students to pursue more detailed technology subjects.This volume focuses on hardware elements within a computer system and the impact of software on its architecture. It discusses practical aspects of computer organization (structure, behavior, and design) delivering the necessary fundamentals for electrical engineering and computer science students. The book not only lists a wide range of terms, but also explains the basic operations of components within a system, aided by many detailed illustrations. Material on modern technologies is combined with a historical perspective, delivering a range of articles on hardware, architecture and software, programming methodologies, and the nature of operating systems. It also includes a unified treatment on the entire computing spectrum, ranging from microcomputers to supercomputers.Each section features learning objectives and chapter outlines. Small glossary entries define technical terms and each chapter ends with an alphabetical list of key terms for reference and review. Review questions also appear at the end of each chapter and project questions inspire readers to research beyond the text. Short, annotated bibliographies direct students to additional useful reading.