gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme induction and inhibition by new antiepileptic drugs: a review of human studies (2000)

The aim of this paper is to review a number of new antiepileptic agents (i.e. felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide) for their inducing and/or inhibitory properties in humans, mainly considering the interactions where they are involved as the cause rather than the object of such interactions. Two aspects have been particularly taken into account: the changes or absence of changes in plasma/serum concentrations of concomitant drugs and the direct or indirect evidence of induction, inhibition or lack of effect on the six major human hepatic CYP isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4), as well as on other CYP isozymes or enzyme systems. Felbamate clearly affects the pharmacokinetics of a number of drugs, generally increasing but also decreasing their concentrations. It induces enzymes such as CYP3A4 and inhibits enzymes such as CYP2C19 and those of the beta-oxidation pathway. Topiramate is not devoid of potential interaction properties: it decreases the plasma concentrations of ethinylestradiol, induces CYP3A4 and inhibits CYP2C19. For oxcarbazepine, no inhibitory, only inductive effects have been observed thus far. Felbamate. topiramate and oxcarbazepine may induce the metabolism of steroidal oral contraceptives. In this respect, tiagabine has been studied at a rather low dose. Pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interaction seems to exist between lamotrigine and carbamazepine. Lamotrigine appears to be a weak inducer of UGTs, whereas induction of CYP3A4 seems improbable as the compound does not change the concentrations of oral contraceptives or the urinary excretion of 6beta-hydroxycortisol. Zonisamide has very peculiar pharmacokinetics and an extensive metabolism. Additional information on its enzyme inducing or inhibiting properties would be necessary, as data so far collected on its effect on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs are conflicting. Gabapentin, vigabatrin and in particular levetiracetam appear to be devoid of significant enzyme inducing or inhibiting properties.
Synthesis of optically active polynucleotide analogs with poly(vinyl alcohol)s as backbones and adenine and 5‐bromouracil derivatives as pendants (1989)

Abstract The optically active polynucleotide analogs were prepared by grafting nucleic acid base derivatives onto poly(vinyl alcohol). The ( R )‐ethyl 2‐(5‐bromouracil‐1‐yl)propanoate was obtained either by reaction of 5‐bromouracil sodium salt with ( S )‐ethyl 2‐[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]propanoate or reaction of 5‐bromouracil with ( S )‐ethyl lactate in the presence of triphenyl phosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate. Subsequent hydrolysis of the ester is aqueous acid provided the optically pure ( R )‐bromouracilypropanoic acid. The monomer model compounds were prepared by an esterification reaction of the pendant groups with 3‐pentyl alcohol in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and a catalytic amount of 4‐pyrrolidinopyridine. Poly(vinyl alcohol) underwent reaction with the ( R )‐bromouracilylpropanoic acid or the ( R )‐adeninylpropanoic acid in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and a catalytic amount of 4‐pyrrolidinopyridine. The resulting polymers were optically active and percents grafting were almost quantitative.
Neutral Yttrium Tris(amide) and Ate Complexes Coordinated by an (<i>R</i>)‐<i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>‐Diisopropyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamido Ligand as Enantioselective Catalysts for Intramolecular Hydroamination (2007)

Abstract A bis(amido)yttrium chloride coordinated by ( R )‐ N , N′ ‐diisopropyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamide [Y{( R )‐C 20 H 12 (N i Pr) 2 }Cl(thf) 2 ] has been prepared and characterized by X‐ray analysis along with the corresponding yttrium ate complex [Li(thf) 4 ][Y{( R )‐C 20 H 12 (N i Pr) 2 } 2 ]. The reaction of [( R )‐ N , N′ ‐diisopropyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamido]yttrium chloride with lithium diisopropylamine leads to the formation of a neutral tris(amido)yttrium complex which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The new complexes [Y{( R )‐C 20 H 12 (N i Pr) 2 }{N i Pr 2 }] and [{Li(thf) 4 }(Y{( R )‐C 20 H 12 (N i Pr) 2 } 2 )], which contain the same enantiopure binaphthyldiamido ligand, are compared for the catalysis of several intramolecular hydroamination reactions. Both complexes provide pyrrolidines andpiperidines with moderate to high enantioselectivities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Surface Modification of SiO_2 Ultrafiltration Membrane Its Application in Separation of Oil Vapor From Air (2010)

When pore radius of the ultrafiltration membrane is 1.70 nm,separation factor for n-hexane/nitrogen is 1.52 at pressure of 0.10 MPa.Its separation factor increases with pressure increasing,and separation mechanism of n-hexane/nitrogen with SiO2 ultrafiltration membrane is surface-diffusion.In this paper,in order to recover oil vapor in air,surface of the ultrafiltration membrane was modified by octadecyltrichlorosilane,separation factor of the ultrafiltration membrane after modification for the n-hexane/nitrogen can reach 1.74.
Adsorption of metal ions on polyaminated highly porous chitosan chelating resin (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of metal ions on polyaminated highly porous chitosan chelating resinYoshihide Kawamura, Masaki Mitsuhashi, Hiroaki Tanibe, and Hiroyuki YoshidaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 2, 386–391Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00014a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00014a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1462Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LEAF SENESCENCE IN SHORT-SEASON MAIZE HYBRIDS (1978)

The pattern of leaf senescence was determined for 10 short-season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown in central Ontario during 2 yr. In both years, 60% leaf senescence was attained 9 days before black layer formation. Differences in rate of leaf senescence were observed between years and among hybrids within years. These differences were not related to stem soluble-solid concentration at grain maturity.
Raman pulse compression of excimer lasers for application to laser fusion (1979)

Application of efficient ultraviolet excimer lasers such as the 248 nm KrF laser to laser fusion requires that long laser pulses be efficiently converted to short pulses at high intensity. The backward Raman amplifier is shown to be a promising candidate for this application. Gain, saturation, and limits to amplifier performance are described. It is shown that pump beams of poor spatial quality may be converted to output beams of high spatial quality. Several common gaseous vibrational Raman scatterers are discussed, and it is shown that a simple KrF-pumped backward Raman amplifier using methane at atmospheric pressure will have a saturation fluence near 1 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and can produce an output five times as intense as the pump in a ten times shorter pulse with an efficiency of about 50 percent. Design tradeoffs and possible techniques for further improving the performance of such amplifiers are discussed.
Genomic characterization of TT viruses (TTVs) in pigs, cats and dogs and their relatedness with species-specific TTVs in primates and tupaias (2002)

Using PCR with primers derived from a non-coding region of the human TT virus (TTV) genome, the TTV sequence in serum samples obtained from pigs (Sus domesticus), dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) was identified and the entire genomic sequence was determined for each representative isolate. Three TTV isolates (Sd-TTV31 from a pig, Cf-TTV10 from a dog and Fc-TTV4 from a cat) comprising 2878, 2797 and 2064 nucleotides, respectively, each had three open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 436-635 (ORF1), 73-105 (ORF2) and 224-243 (ORF3) aa but lacked ORF4, similar to tupaia TTV. ORF3 was presumed to arise from a splicing of TTV mRNA, similar to human prototype TTV. Although the nucleotide sequence of Sd-TTV31, Cf-TTV10 and Fc-TTV4 differed by more than 50% from each other and from previously reported TTVs of 3.4-3.9 kb and TTV-like mini viruses (TLMVs) of 2.8-3.0 kb isolated from humans and non-human primates as well as tupaia TTVs of 2.2 kb, they resembled known TTVs and TLMVs with regard to genomic organization and presumed transcriptional profile rather than animal circoviruses of 1.7-2.3 kb. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Sd-TTV31, Cf-TTV10 and Fc-TTV4 were closer to TTVs from lower-order primates and tupaias than to TTVs from higher-order primates and TLMVs. These results indicate that domestic pigs, cats and dogs are naturally infected with species-specific TTVs with small genomic size and suggest a wide distribution of TTVs with extremely divergent genomic sequence and length in animals.
From E‐MAPs to module maps: dissecting quantitative genetic interactions using physical interactions (2008)

Recent technological breakthroughs allow the quantification of hundreds of thousands of genetic interactions (GIs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The interpretation of these data is often difficult, but it can be improved by the joint analysis of GIs along with complementary data types. Here, we describe a novel methodology that integrates genetic and physical interaction data. We use our method to identify a collection of functional modules related to chromosomal biology and to investigate the relations among them. We show how the resulting map of modules provides clues for the elucidation of function both at the level of individual genes and at the level of functional modules.
Polarisation chromatique des houppes dans les cristaux à deux axes (1877)

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Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018)

The vagus nerve represents the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate. It establishes one of the connections between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and sends information about the state of the inner organs to the brain <i>via</i> afferent fibers. In this review article, we discuss various functions of the vagus nerve which make it an attractive target in treating psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. There is preliminary evidence that vagus nerve stimulation is a promising add-on treatment for treatment-refractory depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease. Treatments that target the vagus nerve increase the vagal tone and inhibit cytokine production. Both are important mechanism of resiliency. The stimulation of vagal afferent fibers in the gut influences monoaminergic brain systems in the brain stem that play crucial roles in major psychiatric conditions, such as mood and anxiety disorders. In line, there is preliminary evidence for gut bacteria to have beneficial effect on mood and anxiety, partly by affecting the activity of the vagus nerve. Since, the vagal tone is correlated with capacity to regulate stress responses and can be influenced by breathing, its increase through meditation and yoga likely contribute to resilience and the mitigation of mood and anxiety symptoms.
Visualizing DNA domains and sequences by microscopy: a fifty-year history of molecular cytogenetics (2003)

This short review presents a historical perspective of chromosome research during the last 50 years. It shows how molecular knowledge and technology of DNA entered cytogenetics step by step making it now daily practice in almost every modern chromosome lab. A crucial milestone in these decades has been the development of in situ protocols by Pardue and Gall, among others, initially only with isotopic labels, and without fluorescence microscopy and sophisticated detection systems. But these very first in situ hybridizations played a decisive role in the discovery of chromosome banding profiles, which were obtained under specific chemical, physical, or enzymatic conditions, thus effecting stainability of specific chromosome regions. In the decades thereafter, numerous technical improvements were achieved leading to complex multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocols for mammals, plants, and insects. Highly improved detection systems of the FISH signals further allowed detection of DNA targets of up to 50 bp, whereas other protocols, which were developed to stretch chromatin fibres to the full length of native DNA, improved spatial resolution of adjacent targets in the light microscope to 1 kb.
Association of APC gene mutations and histological characteristics of colorectal adenomas. (1994)

Fifty-nine colonic adenomas and 6 hyperplastic colonic polyps were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC). Frameshifts and premature stop codons in at least one copy of APC were detected in 25 of these adenomas. Five adenomas carried 2 APC mutations. No mutations in APC were found in any of the 6 hyperplastic polyps. The detection of APC mutations increased with size and degree of dysplasia and in rectal as compared to colonic adenomas, although the association was not statistically significant. The frequency of detectable APC mutations was higher in tubulovillous and villous adenomas (10 of 13) than in tubular adenomas (15 of 45) (odds ratio, 6.67; 95% confidence limits, 1.39-41.83; P = 0.005). The significance of the association between the detection of APC mutations and a villous architecture was confirmed in multivariate analysis (relative risk, 6.67; 95% confidence limits, 1.54-28.8; P = 0.005). In conclusion, APC mutation plays a role in adenoma progression; its frequency is significantly higher in lesions with a more villous morphology.
Cytokine mRNA Changes during the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars with Silicone and Nonsilicone Gel Dressings (1996)

This study demonstrates that silicone is not a necessary component of occlusive dressings in the treatment of hypertrophic scars. The pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars is further elucidated by demonstrating that there is molecular evidence for extensive connective tissue remodeling occurring during occlusive dressing therapy.
Direct Mode Coding for B Pictures using Virtual Reference Picture (2007)

The direct mode used in the bi-predictive pictures (B-pictures) can efficiently improve the coding performance of B pictures, because it has small overhead and obtains a predictive picture from two reference pictures. The traditional temporal direct mode (TDM) derives the motion vector of the current block by scaling the motion vector of the co-located block in the backward reference picture. However, when the current block and its co-located block in backward reference picture belong to different objects with different motion directions, the prediction efficiency of TDM is drastically reduced. In this paper, we propose an improved direct mode prediction method. In the method, a virtual reference picture is generated using the pixel projection technique. Then the virtual reference picture is used to predict the direct mode blocks in B pictures. The proposed method can enhance the prediction performance of the direct mode blocks and achieve a higher coding efficiency.
PVC-1: Photo CD video controller ASIC (2005)

The PVC-1 was developed in order to provide a number of user features in consumer and commercial grade Photo CD players. It accepts decoded data in the Photo CD format from a CD player mechanism, stores it into a conventional 256K x 16 DRAM using one of eight selectable modes, and reads it from the DRAM to generate video rasters in either M-NTSC or B-PAL formats. An interface for an external eight bit microcontroller is included for passing control and status information and to allow certain types of non-Photo CD data to be passed from the CD player to the microcontroller.
Application of a Fourier transform IR system for measurements of N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes using micrometeorological methods, an ultralarge chamber system, and conventional field chambers (1994)

Measurements of the sources and sinks of biogenic trace gases such as N 2 O and CH 4 from terrestrial ecosystems are important in explaining and predicting the influence of these gases on global warming. Because of their biological origins the fluxes of these gases often show high spatial and temporal variation. Traditional methods of flux measurement use different types of field chambers or micrometeorologically based methods. These methods have several shortcomings and may not always be applicable to flux measurements of trace gases such as N 2 O or CH 4 . Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, due to its path‐integrating and multicomponent nature, shows unique potential for the measurement of fluxes of greenhouse gases from various ecosystems. To assess this potential, we have used a medium resolution (1 cm −1 ) FTIR spectrometer to test its suitability for area‐integrated measurements, simultaneous multicomponent measurements, and continuous real‐time measurements of trace gas fluxes. We have tested three different configurations: a conventional field chamber where the FTIR is used to continuously and simultaneously monitor the concentration changes of several gases, a megachamber method using a large tent as field chamber with the FTIR optical path within the chamber, and a micrometeorological flux gradient method. The three configurations are described and discussed and their performance is demonstrated in measurements of fluxes of N 2 O from a fertilized grassland and CH 4 from a forest soil.
Fighting the Curse of Dimensionality: Compressive Sensing in Exploration Seismology (2012)

Many seismic exploration techniques rely on the collection of massive data volumes that are mined for information during processing. This approach has been extremely successful, but current efforts toward higher resolution images in increasingly complicated regions of Earth continue to reveal fundamental shortcomings in our typical workflows. The “curse” of dimensionality is the main roadblock and is exemplified by Nyquist's sampling criterion, which disproportionately strains current acquisition and processing systems as the size and desired resolution of our survey areas continues to increase.
<i>Otx2</i>Homeobox Gene Induces Photoreceptor-Specific Phenotypes in Cells Derived from Adult Iris and Ciliary Tissue (2004)

Crx and Otx2 effectively induced the generation of photoreceptor-specific phenotypes from ciliary- and iris-derived cells. That both Crx and Otx2 induced phenotype generation in cells derived from iris or ciliary tissue may suggest an approach to photoreceptor cell preparation for retinal transplantation.
Low-Voltage Distribution Network Theoretical Line Loss Calculation System Based on Dynamic Unbalance in Three Phrases (2010)

In considering the effect of three-phase unbalance degree upon the low voltage line loss, the dynamic three-phase unbalance coefficient is adopted to improver the computation method for low-voltage line loss based on equal electric resistance method in this paper. With an aim at the most of low-voltage network without collecting the representative daily current data, this paper designs the three-phase unbalance degree acquisition which based on a singlechip as its master controller. It is connected to the output terminal of transformer to collect and save the real-time three-phase currents for dynamic unbalance degree calculation. A real low-voltage distribution network is used to test the improved computing method, and to compare the results obtained form the traditional computing method. The results from computing examples indicate that this computing system is feasible and has high potential values in engineering applications, with the calculated results nearing to real value of line loss.
THE PREPARATION OF l-LEUCINE AND ITS BEHAVIOR IN SOME NON-AQUEOUS SOLVENTS (1948)

Bergmann and Stein (1) have described a procedure for the isolation and purification of naturally occurring L-leucine based upon the precipitation and recrystallization of the slightly soluble salt of this amino acid with naphthalene-β-sulfonic acid. The product obtained was stated to be 97 per cent pure and to be free from methionine, a common contaminant of less pure preparations of L-leucine (2). We have found that L-leucine so prepared contains significant amounts of those amino acids which are oxidized by bromine in acid solution, and that a naphthalene sulfonate of superior purity can be obtained if the crude leucine is first treated with bromine water. The use of the preliminary bromine oxidation and of more dilute solutions than were used by Bergmann and Stein for the recrystallization of the naphthalene-β-sulfonate gave L-leucine preparations of exceptional purity when judged by qualitative tests and solubility determinations. Characteristic physical constants of L-leucine so prepared are given elsewhere in this paper. 

In the determination of the optical rotation of α-amino acids in aqueous acid solutions, it has been assumed at times that the concentration of the aqueous acid is not critical provided sufficient acid has been added to assure formation of the amino acid cation. Dunn et al. (3) have pointed out that the specific rotation of solutions of L- and D-alanine in hydrochloric acid is dependent upon the hydrochloric acid concentration, and the data presented in Fig. 1 clearly show a similar dependency in the case of either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid solutions of L-leucine.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Organ Transplant Model (2006)

The present data confirm previous reports suggesting that MSCs have immunomodulatory properties in vitro. However, their tolerogenic properties in vivo must be questioned, as MSC injections were not only ineffective at prolonging allograft survival, but tended to promote rejection.