gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal speckle reduction in polarimetric SAR imagery (1990)

Speckle is a major cause of degradation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. With the availability of fully polarimetric SAR data, it is possible to use the three complex elements (HH, HV, VV) of the polarimetric scattering matrix to reduce speckle. The optimal method for combining the elements of the scattering matrix to minimize image speckle is derived, and the solution is shown to be a polarimetric whitening filter (PWF). A simulation of spatially correlated, K-distributed, fully polarimetric clutter is then used to compare the PWF with other, suboptimal speckle-reduction methods. Target detection performance of the PWF, span, and single-channel mod HH mod /sup 2/ detectors is compared with that of the optimal polarimetric detector (OPD). A novel, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detector (the adaptive PWF) is as a simple alternative to the OPD for detecting targets in clutter. This algorithm estimates the polarization covariance of the clutter, uses the covariance to construct the minimum-speckle image, and then tests for the presence of a target. An exact theoretical analysis of the adaptive PWF is presented; the algorithm is shown to have detection performance comparable with that of the OPD.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging Demonstrates Degeneration of the Subcortical and Cortical Gray Matter in Huntington Disease (2010)

MT imaging demonstrates degeneration of the subcortical and cortical GM in HD carriers and might serve, along with volumetric assessment, as a surrogate marker in future clinical trials of HD.
Fine Control Over the Size of Surfactant–Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles by Hydrodynamic Flow Focusing (2013)

Synthesis of surfactant-polyelectrolyte nanoparticles was carried out in a microfluidic device with a fine control over the size and the polydispersity. An anionic polysaccharide (sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CMC) solution was focused using a cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, DTAB) solution in a microfluidic channel at selected ratios of flow rates and reagent concentrations. The methodology ensured a controlled mixing kinetics and a uniform distribution of charges at the mixing interface. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited remarkably well-defined and repeatable size distributions, with hydrodynamic diameters tunable from 50 up to 300 nm and polydispersity index around 0.1 in most cases. Microfluidic-assisted self-assembly may be an efficient way to produce well-controlled polyelectrolyte-based nanoparticles suitable for colloidal science as well as for gene delivery applications.
Durability of Silicone Electrically Conductive Adhesive in Metal Wrap-through Module (2013)

A new silicone-based Electrically Conductive Adhesive (ECA) has been developed for the Metal Wrap-Through module technology. The ECA has a Ag filler content below 60% but maintains a conductivity after curing below 1 mOhmcm. It is flexible over a wide range of temperatures, which enables stress-relief and is beneficial for durability. Four-cells mini-modules have been made using the newly developed silicone ECA and show excellent performance and durability. The mini-modules did not degrade after 1000 hours in damp heat conditions, nor after 200 thermal cycles.
Cotrimerizations of Acetylenic Compounds (2007)

Abstract The cyclotrimerization of acetylenic compounds is a useful method for the construction of three new bonds in a one‐step process. Although symmetry‐allowed, there is a paucity of examples of purely thermal [2+2+2] cycloadditions. The first example reported was in 1866, which was the cyclization of acetylene to benzene. High temperatures are required for this reaction and a mixture of products is formed. In 1948, Reppe discovered the first transition‐metal catalyzed version of this reaction in which nickel was used and substituted benzenes were formed. Since then catalysts based on transition metals, lanthanides, actinide, and aluminum have been developed for the cycloaddition of substituted alkynes to benzene derivatives. Many compounds can take part in the cyclization reactions to give four‐, five‐,six, or eight membered rings. Many of these reactions have found many applications in organic synthesis This chapter is devoted to early to late transition metal‐mediated cotrimerization of acetylenic compounds directed towards organic synthesis. It addresses the scope and generality of the reaction, as well as the current state of the art, with regard to region‐and stereoselectivities. In the context of selectivity, a mechanistic overview is provided. Inter‐and intramolecular versions of the cyclizations are presented with an emphasis on applications in synthesis. The literature up to mid‐2004 is covered.
<title>Exact local regions-of-interest reconstruction in spiral cone-beam filtered-backprojection CT: numerical implementation and first image results</title> (2000)

In the long object problem it is intended to reconstruct exactly a region-of-interest (ROI) of an object from spiral cone beam data which covers the ROI and its nearest vicinity only. In the first paper in a series of two the theory of the local ROI method is derived using the filtered-backprojection approach. In the present second paper the demanding numerical implementation is described. The straightforward 4-step algorithm is applied. It mainly consists of explicit calculations of the derivatives of partial plane integrals of the object from line segments in the projection images. In the local ROI method grouping of line segments to particular (phi) -planes in 3-D Radon space is important. A rigorous grouping causes artifacts which can be avoided by a fuzzy correspondence of line segments to (phi) -planes. In the ROI the same image quality is achieved for a partial scan as for a full scan. However, the method suffers from high computational requirements. The filtering step can be speeded up by replacing the 4-step algorithm by convolution with spatially variant 1-D Hilbert transforms. An in-depth analysis of the empirical PSF of detector pixels filtered by the 4-step algorithm confirmed the theoretical results. Modifications for practical implementation are outlined which are subject to further investigations.
Familiality of Postpartum Depression in Unipolar Disorder: Results of a Family Study (2006)

Objective: The authors previously reported strong evidence for familial aggregation of postpartum (puerperal) psychotic episodes in women with bipolar disorder. The authors here examine whether vulnerability to postpartum triggering of depressive episodes aggregates in families and assess how this aggregation varies with the definition of postpartum onset. Method: Postpartum depression occurrence was studied in the female members of 120 sibling pairs recruited at a site within an international multicenter study of sibling pairs with recurrent unipolar depression. Employing a range of definitions of postpartum onset, the authors examined concordance for postpartum episode status between sisters. Results: Episodes of depression with onset within 4 weeks of delivery clustered in families, but there was no significant evidence of familial clustering of broadly defined postpartum depression (onset within 6 months). Among women with a family history of narrowly defined postpartum episodes, 42% experienced depression following their first delivery, whereas only 15% of women with no such family history experienced depression following first delivery. The evidence for familiality maximized with a postpartum onset definition of 6–8 weeks. Conclusions: These results implicate familial factors in susceptibility to the triggering of narrowly defined postpartum depressive episodes in women with recurrent major depression. They suggest that a postnatal onset definition of within 6–8 weeks of delivery may be optimal in studies of the triggering of depressive illness by childbirth.
Gene-Specific Characterization of Human Histone H2B by Electron Capture Dissociation (2006)

The basis set of protein forms expressed by human cells from the H2B gene family was determined by Top Down Mass Spectrometry. Using Electron Capture Dissociation for MS/MS of H2B isoforms, direct evidence for the expression of unmodified H2B.Q, H2B.A, H2B.K/T, H2B.J, H2B.E, H2B.B, H2B.F, and monoacetylated H2B.A was obtained from asynchronous HeLa cells. H2B.A was the most abundant form, with the overall expression profile not changing significantly in cells arrested in mitosis by colchicine or during mid-S, mid-G2, G2/M, and mid-G1 phases of the cell cycle. Modest hyperacetylation of H2B family members was observed after sodium butyrate treatment.
Electrophilic aromatic substituted luciferins as bioluminescent probes for glutathione S-transferase assays (2006)

New highly sensitive latent bioluminescent luciferin substrates were designed and synthesized for monitoring mammalian glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Schistosoma japonicum enzyme activities.
Blind Separation of Speech Mixtures via (2004)

Binary time-frequency masks are powerful tools for the separation of sources from a single mixture. Perfect demixing via binary time-frequency masks is possible provided the time-frequency representations of the sources do not overlap: a condition we call -disjoint orthogonality. We introduce here the concept of approximate -disjoint orthogonality and present experimental results demonstrating the level of approximate -disjoint orthogonality of speech in mixtures of various orders. The results demonstrate that there exist ideal binary time-fre- quency masks that can separate several speech signals from one mixture. While determining these masks blindly from just one mixture is an open problem, we show that we can approximate the ideal masks in the case where two anechoic mixtures are provided. Motivated by the maximum likelihood mixing parameter estima- tors, we define a power weighted two-dimensional (2-D) histogram constructed from the ratio of the time-frequency representations of the mixtures that is shown to have one peak for each source with peak location corresponding to the relative attenuation and delay mixing parameters. The histogram is used to create time-frequency masks that partition one of the mixtures into the original sources. Experimental results on speech mixtures verify the technique. Example demixing results can be found online at http://alum.mit.edu/www/rickard/bss.html
an evaluation of the possible relationship between chronic periodontitis and hypertension. (2016)

In view of the significant relationship between the blood pressure and the mean carotid artery intima media thickness, when compared with the oral hygiene status of respondents in this study, more emphasis should be laid on regular preventive dental visit as a way of decreasing cardiovascular health risk.
A Highly Thermostable Kanamycin Resistance Marker Expands the Tool Kit for Genetic Manipulation of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (2016)

Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium with an optimal growth temperature of 78°C, and it has the ability to efficiently deconstruct nonpretreated lignocellulosic plant biomass. It is, therefore, of biotechnological interest for genetic engineering applications geared toward biofuel production. The current genetic system used with C. bescii is based upon only a single selection strategy, and this uses the gene involved in a primary biosynthetic pathway. There are many advantages with an additional genetic selection using an antibiotic. This presents a challenge for thermophilic microorganisms, as only a limited number of antibiotics are stable above 50°C, and a thermostable version of the enzyme conferring antibiotic resistance must be obtained. In this work, we have developed a selection system for C. bescii using the antibiotic kanamycin and have shown that, in combination with the biosynthetic gene marker, it can be used to efficiently delete genes in this organism.
The Likelihood Ratio Decision Criterion for Nuisance Attribute Projection in GMM Speaker Verification (2008)

We propose a way of integrating likelihood ratio (LR) decision criterion with nuisance attribute projection (NAP) for Gaussian mixture model- (GMM-) based speaker verification. The experiments on the core test of the NIST speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) 2005 data show that the performance of the proposed approach is comparable to that of the standard approach of NAP which uses support vector machines (SVMs) as a decision criterion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the two criteria provide complementary information that can significantly improve the verification performance if a score-level fusion of both approaches is carried out.
Estradiol enhances thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter density in the apical plasma membrane of the distal convoluted tubule in ovariectomized rats. (1998)

Recent data suggest that sex hormones affect the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (TSC) density or binding capacity (Chen, Z., D.A. Vaughn, and D.D. Fanestil. 1994. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 5:1112-1119). Thus, we determined the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) and estrogen replacement on the ultrastructural localization of TSC in rat kidney using immunocytochemistry. Kidneys of intact female (CON) and OVX rats fed ad libitum for 6 and 9 wk or pair-fed for 9 wk were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Immunogold localization of rat TSC (rTSC1) demonstrated intense label in the apical plasma membrane of CON distal convoluted tubule (DCT). In OVX DCT, rTSC1 label and apical plasma membrane microprojections were decreased. Western blots of renal membrane protein from pair-fed CON and OVX revealed bands at 129-135 kD, but the OVX signal was reduced. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that injecting 10 microg/ kg body weight 17beta-estradiol subcutaneously 4x/wk in OVX rats restored DCT apical microprojections and label density for rTSC1. Thus, in OVX rats (a) rTSC1 immunoreactive renal membrane protein is reduced; (b) apical plasma membrane complexity and immunogold label for rTSC1 in DCT is decreased; and (c) estradiol replacement restores DCT ultrastructure and rTSC1 label to normal. We conclude that estrogen enhances the density of rTSC1 in the DCT, and may alter renal Na transport by this mechanism.
Intracellular modifications induced by poliovirus reduce the requirement for structural motifs in the 5' noncoding region of the genome involved in internal initiation of protein synthesis (1992)

A series of genetic deletions based partly on two RNA secondary structure models (M. A. Skinner, V. R. Racaniello, G. Dunn, J. Cooper, P. D. Minor, and J. W. Almond, J. Mol. Biol. 207:379-392, 1989; E. V. Pilipenko, V. M. Blinov, L. I. Romanova, A. N. Sinyakov, S. V. Maslova, and V. I. Agol, Virology 168:201-209, 1989) was made in the cDNA encoding the 5' noncoding region (5' NCR) of the poliovirus genome in order to study the sequences that direct the internal entry of ribosomes. The modified cDNAs were placed between two open reading frames in a single transcriptional unit and used to transfect cells in culture. Internal entry of ribosomes was detected by measuring translation from the second open reading frame in the bicistronic mRNA. When assayed alone, a large proportion of the poliovirus 5' NCR superstructure including several well-defined stem-loops was required for ribosome entry and efficient translation. However, in cells cotransfected with a complete infectious poliovirus cDNA, the requirement for the stem-loops in this large superstructure was reduced. The results suggest that virus infection modifies the cellular translational machinery, so that shortened forms of the 5' NCR are sufficient for cap-independent translation, and that the internal entry of ribosomes occurs by two distinct modes during the virus replication cycle.
ADF/Cofilin-Actin Rods in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2010)

Dephosphorylation (activation) of cofilin, an actin binding protein, is stimulated by initiators of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration including oxidative stress, excitotoxic glutamate, ischemia, and soluble forms of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta). Hyperactive cofilin forms rod-shaped cofilin-saturated actin filament bundles (rods). Other proteins are recruited to rods but are not necessary for rod formation. Neuronal cytoplasmic rods accumulate within neurites where they disrupt synaptic function and are a likely cause of synaptic loss without neuronal loss, as occurs early in dementias. Different rod-inducing stimuli target distinct neuronal populations within the hippocampus. Rods form rapidly, often in tandem arrays, in response to stress. They accumulate phosphorylated tau that immunostains for epitopes present in "striated neuropil threads," characteristic of tau pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. Thus, rods might aid in further tau modifications or assembly into paired helical filaments, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Rods can occlude neurites and block vesicle transport. Some rod-inducing treatments cause an increase in secreted Abeta. Thus rods may mediate the loss of synapses, production of excess Abeta, and formation of NFTs, all of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Cofilin-actin rods also form within the nucleus of heat-shocked neurons and are cleared from cells expressing wild type huntingtin protein but not in cells expressing mutant or silenced huntingtin, suggesting a role for nuclear rods in Huntington disease (HD). As an early event in the neurodegenerative cascade, rod formation is an ideal target for therapeutic intervention that might be useful in treatment of many different neurological diseases.
Effect of mechanical boundary conditions on orientation of angiogenic microvessels (2008)

Externally applied boundary conditions regulate neovessel sprouting and elongation during angiogenesis, affecting both neovessel growth characteristics and network morphometry. Furthermore, neovessels align parallel to the direction of stress/strain or internally generated traction, and this may be because of collagen fibril alignment induced by the growing neovessels themselves.
Synthetic Biology Toolbox for Controlling Gene Expression in the Cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. strain PCC 7002 (2014)

The application of synthetic biology requires characterized tools to precisely control gene expression. This toolbox of genetic parts previously did not exist for the industrially promising cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. To address this gap, two orthogonal constitutive promoter libraries, one based on a cyanobacterial promoter and the other ported from Escherichia coli, were built and tested in PCC 7002. The libraries demonstrated 3 and 2.5 log dynamic ranges, respectively, but correlated poorly with E. coli expression levels. These promoter libraries were then combined to create and optimize a series of IPTG inducible cassettes. The resultant induction system had a 48-fold dynamic range and was shown to out-perform Ptrc constructs. Finally, a RBS library was designed and tested in PCC 7002. The presented synthetic biology toolbox will enable accelerated engineering of PCC 7002.
A free geometry model-independent neural eye-gaze tracking system (2012)

The results prove the validity of the proposed approach as the proposed system performs better than EGTSs designed for HCI which, even if equipped with superior hardware, show accuracy values in the range 0.6°-1°.
Studies in the Psychology of Stuttering: II (1937)

No AccessJournal of Speech DisordersResearch Article1 Mar 1937Studies in the Psychology of Stuttering: IIA Quantitative Evaluation of Expectation of Stuttering in Relation to the Occurrence of Stuttering John R. Knott, Wendell Johnson, and Mary J. Webster John R. Knott State University of Iowa Google Scholar , Wendell Johnson State University of Iowa Google Scholar and Mary J. Webster State University of Iowa Google Scholar https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.0201.20 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByJournal of Speech Disorders9:2 (161-173)1 Jun 1944Studies in the Psychology of Stuttering: XIXOliver N. BloodsteinJournal of Speech Disorders5:1 (5-14)1 Mar 1940A Study of the Relationship Between the Social Complexity of the Oral Reading Situation and the Severity of StutteringEugene F. Hahn Volume 2Issue 1March 1937Pages: 20-22 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 1937 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1937 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Characteristics of the Excavated Fabrics from Kim Yeoon's Tomb(1596-1665) (2006)

Eighty-four fabrics, all weaved from silk, were excavated from Kim Yeoon's tomb. They comprised 51 pieces of silk tabby, 13 of satin damask, 17 of twill, and 2 of complex gauze, 1 of damask on tabby. The fabrics featured high quality of satin, a uniquely patterned satin damask, various silk tabbies, and 3-end complex gauze. The names of the fabrics used in this article are based on literature sources and include silk tabby(紬), thin silk tabby(紬), filament silk tabby(絹), satin damask(段), complex gauze(羅), simple gauze(紗), and twill(綾).
Electrical Classification of the Concentration of Bioconjugated Metal Colloids after Surface Adsorption and Silver Enhancement (2001)

A scheme for an electrical classification of the solution concentration of bioconjugated colloidal gold particles is presented. It is based on the immobilization of the particles in the gap of microstructured electrodes, followed by a metal enhancement step and electrical measurements. The surface density of particles depends on the solution concentrations, and the metal enhancement classifies this density by yielding conductive surfaces only for densities above a threshold. Size enhancement ratios of up to 10 were observed for 30 nm particles and could be controlled by the incubation time.
A servomechanism for a micro-electro-mechanical-system-based scanning-probe data storage device (2004)

Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-based scanning-probe data storage devices are emerging as potential ultra-high-density, low-access-time, and low-power alternatives to conventional data storage. One implementation of probe-based storage uses thermomechanical means to store and retrieve information in thin polymer films. One of the challenges in building such devices is the extreme accuracy and the short latency required in the navigation of the probes over the polymer medium. This paper focuses on the design and characterization of a servomechanism to achieve such accurate positioning in a probe-based storage prototype. In our device, the polymer medium is positioned on a MEMS scanner with x/y-motion capabilities of about 100 µm. The device also includes thermal position sensors that provide x/y-position information to the servo controller. Based on a discrete state-space model of the scanner dynamics, a controller is designed using the linear quadratic Gaussian approach with state estimation. The random seek performance of this approach is evaluated and compared with that of the conventional proportional, integrator, and derivative (PID) approach. The results demonstrate the superiority of the state-space approach, which achieves seek times of about 4 ms in a ± 50 µm range. Finally, the experimental results show that closed-loop track following using the thermal position-sensor signals is feasible and yields a position-error standard deviation of approximately 2 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition Reactions of Grignard Reagents to Chiral Fluoral Hemiacetal: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethylamines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.