gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Medium Buffering Capacity on Inhibition of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>Growth by Acetic and Lactic Acids (2002)

Acetic acid (167 mM) and lactic acid (548 mM) completely inhibited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae both in minimal medium and in media which contained supplements, such as yeast extract, corn steep powder, or a mixture of amino acids. However, the yeast grew when the pH of the medium containing acetic acid or lactic acid was adjusted to 4.5, even though the medium still contained the undissociated form of either acid at a concentration of 102 mM. The results indicated that the buffer pair formed when the pH was adjusted to 4.5 stabilized the pH of the medium by sequestering protons and by lessening the negative impact of the pH drop on yeast growth, and it also decreased the difference between the extracellular and intracellular pH values (Delta(pH)), the driving force for the intracellular accumulation of acid. Increasing the undissociated acetic acid concentration at pH 4.5 to 163 mM by raising the concentration of the total acid to 267 mM did not increase inhibition. It is suggested that this may be the direct result of decreased acidification of the cytosol because of the intracellular buffering by the buffer pair formed from the acid already accumulated. At a concentration of 102 mM undissociated acetic acid, the yeast grew to higher cell density at pH 3.0 than at pH 4.5, suggesting that it is the total concentration of acetic acid (104 mM at pH 3.0 and 167 mM at pH 4.5) that determines the extent of growth inhibition, not the concentration of undissociated acid alone.
Ceramic transactions: Microwaves. Theory and application in materials processing II. Volume 36 (1993)

This book contains 58 peer-reviewed papers from the proceedings of the symposium [open quotes]Microwaves: Theory and Application in Materials Processing II,[close quotes] presented at the 95th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, held in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 19-22, 1993. Papers were presented in 10 sessions covering equipment (cavity design, single mode, multimode, multi-frequency, field, and temperature sensors); dielectric measurements as functions of frequency and temperature including the results from a round robin test; novel processing such as the fabrication of diamond coatings; superconductors; ceraming; joining; surface modification; sol-gels and composite sintering; modeling; waste (both nuclear and chemical) remediation; and scale-up. Two types of scale-up were discussed: batch processing of a few large and complex shapes, and continuous processing of large quantities of product such as whitewares.
Role of surface peroxo and superoxo species in the low-temperature oxygen buffering of ceria: Density functional theory calculations (2007)

Reversible oxygen release makes ceria $(\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2})$ among the most efficient oxide supports for low-temperature oxidation reactions. A clear identification of the species responsible for this oxygen buffering is still missing since only indirect information is available. We present a systematic study of O adsorbates on the most stable ceria surfaces based on density functional theory calculations. The results rationalize the experimental findings supporting the interpretation that superoxide species are the key factors in promoting low-temperature oxidation reactions on ceria. The high reactivity of nanocrystalline ceria is explained in terms of the surface selectivity towards superoxide adsorption.
EXCRETION OF 4-AMINO-5-IMIDAZOLECARBOXAMIDE IN HUMAN URINE (1961)

A simple colorimetric method for the determination of urinary 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide (AIC), a key by-product in purine biosynthesis, has been developed. Data on urine specimens from 69 healthy individuals showed that excretion of this compound averaged 0.98 mg/day. Repeated measurements on the same individuals showed that AIC is roughly comparable to creatinine in the constancy of its excretion. There is a highly significant correlation between AIC and creatinine levels in normal human urine. Only a small portion of ingested AIC was recovered in the urine, a result in accord with previous data from the literature suggesting that AIC readily enters body substrate pools.
A Dome Shaped PVDF Loudspeaker Model (2011)

An analytical model is developed that describes the behavior of a dome-shaped piezoelectric loudspeaker. The loudspeaker consists of a PVDF circular membrane coupled with a rear cylindrical cavity. The dome shape is obtained by means of a static differential pressure held between the two faces of the membrane. The theoretical description of the transducer's behavior is conducted in two steps. In the first step, the static behavior of the membrane is studied in order to obtain the profile of the membrane when submitted to a static differential pressure. In the second step, the dynamic behavior of the membrane is studied. Finally, the theoretical results obtained are compared with experiments in order to evaluate the accuracy of the model.
A Fully Synthesizable All-Digital PLL With Interpolative Phase Coupled Oscillator, Current-Output DAC, and Fine-Resolution Digital Varactor Using Gated Edge Injection Technique (2014)

This paper presents a fully synthesizable phase-locked loop (PLL) based on injection locking, with an interpolative phase-coupled oscillator, a current output digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a fine resolution digital varactor. All circuits that make up the PLL are designed and implemented using digital standard cells without any modification, and automatically Place-and-routed (P&R) by a digital design flow without any manual placement. Implemented in a 65 nm digital CMOS process, this work occupies only 110 μm × 60 μm layout area, which is the smallest PLL reported so far to the best knowledge of the authors. The measurement results show that this work achieves a 1.7 ps RMS jitter at 900 MHz output frequency while consuming 780 μW DC power.
ANTAEUS “Do mention the war” (2008)

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between library and information management principles and defence and national security. Design/methodology/approach An opinion piece based on viewpoints from speakers at the 2007 American Library Association conference held in Washington DC, and on recent US writings on US foreign and defence policy. Findings – That there is a verifiable relationship between library and information management principles and defence and national security. But the exact nature of this relationship is open to dispute, which therefore presents important challenges in professional ethics to librarians. Research limitations/implications – It is impossible to define the moral parameters of professional ethical issue in the abstract. Reflective and sophisticated analysis of ethical issues in the particular contemporary context is an ongoing requirement of LIS research. Practical implications It is important for a fully rounded professional to see the relevance of larger moral, political and social issues to the narrower sphere of their professional practice. Originality/value – This paper gives a starting point for the analysis of information principles in terms of the most recent developments in the international political arena.
AES Efficient implementation for extensible firmware interface (2006)

As one of the most significant cryptographic algorithms, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) will play a central role in securing information exchange and communication in the next decade. Though its basic elements are fully defined in terms of functionality, AES requires the best exploitation of implementation in order to achieve optimum performance on specific architectures. This paper focuses on Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) which is being applied as the next generation firmware technology. We present a new AES usage model within framework of EFI/Tiano based on IA-32 platform, which is an efficient implementation with its improved performance.
Resolution of peanut allergy: case-control studyScience commentary: Why do some children grow out of peanut allergy? (1998)

Appropriately trained clinicians must be prepared to challenge preschool children with peanut as some will be tolerant despite a history of reactions to peanut and a positive skin prick test with peanut. Preschool children whose apparent peanut allergy is refuted by food challenge show allergy to other foods less often than those in whom peanut allergy persists. The size of weal on skin prick testing to peanut predicts reactivity but not severity on peanut challenge.
Trehalose Metabolism and Signaling (2008)

Trehalose metabolism and signaling is an area of emerging significance. In less than a decade our views on the importance of trehalose metabolism and its role in plants have gone through something of a revolution. An obscure curiosity has become an indispensable regulatory system. Mutant and transgenic plants of trehalose synthesis display wide-ranging and unprecedented phenotypes for the perturbation of a metabolic pathway. Molecular physiology and genomics have provided a glimpse of trehalose biology that had not been possible with conventional techniques, largely because the products of the synthetic pathway, trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) and trehalose, are in trace abundance and difficult to measure in most plants. A consensus is emerging that T6P plays a central role in the coordination of metabolism with development. The discovery of trehalose metabolism has been one of the most exciting developments in plant metabolism and plant science in recent years. The field is fast moving and this review highlights the most recent insights.
Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides (2007)

Single-mode surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers operating around 2.9 THz are developed in metal-metal waveguides. A combination of techniques including precise control of phase of reflection at the facets, and use of metal on the sidewalls to eliminate higher-order lateral modes allow robust single-mode operation over a range of approximately 0.35 THz. Single-lobed far-field radiation pattern is obtained using a pi phase-shift in center of the second-order Bragg grating. A grating device operating at 2.93 THz lased up to 149 K in pulsed mode and a temperature tuning of 19.7 GHz was observed from 5 K to 147 K. The same device lased up to 78 K in continuous-wave (cw) mode emitting more than 6 mW of cw power at 5 K. In general, maximum temperature of pulsed operation for grating devices was within a few Kelvin of that of multi-mode Fabry-Perot ridge lasers.
Compact dual-band (2.4/5.2GHz) monopole antenna for WLAN applications (2010)

A compact and optimized design of a rectangular printed monopole antenna with slits and truncated ground plane on FR-4 substrate is presented. The proposed antenna is designed for dual-band operation at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications with S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> < -10 dB. This antenna has good return loss and radiation characteristics in required frequency band. The proposed antenna gives omni-directional radiation pattern in the E Plane and H plane over the frequency range of 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The calculated and measured results in terms of return loss show good agreement and the results also show good wideband characteristics.
Solid-State Circuit Breakers and Current Limiters for Medium-Voltage Systems Having Distributed Power Systems (2004)

State-of-the-art mechanical circuit breakers in medium-voltage systems allow a safe handling of short-circuits if the short circuit power of the grid is limited. Using delayed turn-off times, the circuit breakers can be coordinated with lower level protection gear. Hence, a high availability of the grid can be guaranteed. However, during a short-circuit a significant voltage sag can be noticed locally in the medium-voltage grid. Sensitive loads such as computers will fail even if the voltage returns within a few seconds. A semiconductor circuit breaker, however, is able to switch fast enough to keep voltage disturbance within acceptable limits. The optimization and selection of power electronic switch topologies is critical. In this paper, different semiconductors are briefly compared considering the requirements of a solid-state switch integrated into a 20-kV medium-voltage grid. Based on these semiconductor characteristics, various switch topologies are developed, which are compared under technical and economical aspects. It is shown that solid-state circuit breakers offer significant advantages when compared to present solutions and can be used in today's medium-voltage power systems.
The Architecture and Celebrity of Kenzo Tange (2007)

This paper examines the celebrity of architect Kenzo Tange through the analysis of not only specialized architectural magazines but also general newspapers and magazines in the 1950-60s. Shinkenchiku intentionally featured Tange's works in order to further the image of architects as authors. Architectural magazines create a community of readers with a hierarchy based on architects and non-architects, fame and anonymity. In the “Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park” the celebrity of Tange was linked to the figure of the nation rising from the ashes of war. It was also established by his visionary idea of urban planning and his academic authority. His orthodox celebrity was established around the time of the “National Gymnasiums for the Tokyo Olympics, ” and with symbolism and globalization came criticism of commercialization.
Inhibition of murine B and T lymphopoiesis in vivo by an anti-interleukin 7 monoclonal antibody. (1993)

The effects of interleukin 7 (IL-7) on the growth and differentiation of murine B cell progenitors has been well characterized using in vitro culture methods. We have investigated the role of IL-7 in vivo using a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes IL-7. We find that treatment of mice with this antibody completely inhibits the development of B cell progenitors from the pro-B cell stage forward. We also provide evidence that all peripheral B cells, including those of the B-1 and conventional lineages, are derived from IL-7-dependent precursors. The results are consistent with the rapid turnover of B cell progenitors in the marrow, but a slow turnover of mature B cells in the periphery. In addition to effects on B cell development, anti-IL-7 treatment substantially reduced thymus cellularity, affecting all major thymic subpopulations.
Sexual side-effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs (2015)

The implications of psychotropic-related sexual dysfunction in clinical practice are relevant mainly in patients under long-term treatment with previous satisfactory sexual life. Implications for future research about sexual dysfunction in all new treatments should be strongly taken into account.
Tight Junctions in Salivary Epithelium (2010)

Epithelial cell tight junctions (TJs) consist of a narrow belt-like structure in the apical region of the lateral plasma membrane that circumferentially binds each cell to its neighbor. TJs are found in tissues that are involved in polarized secretions, absorption functions, and maintaining barriers between blood and interstitial fluids. The morphology, permeability, and ion selectivity of TJ vary among different types of tissues and species. TJs are very dynamic structures that assemble, grow, reorganize, and disassemble during physiological or pathological events. Several studies have indicated the active role of TJ in intestinal, renal, and airway epithelial function; however, the functional significance of TJ in salivary gland epithelium is poorly understood. Interactions between different combinations of the TJ family (each with their own unique regulatory proteins) define tissue specificity and functions during physiopathological processes; however, these interaction patterns have not been studied in salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to analyze some of the current data regarding the regulatory components of the TJ that could potentially affect cellular functions of the salivary epithelium.
GFAP gene expression is altered in young rats following developmental low level lead exposure. (1998)

The astroglia cytoskeletal element, glial fibrillary acid protein GFAP, is a generally accepted sensitive indicator for neurotoxic effects in the mature brain. We used GFAP RNA as a marker for molecular biological changes in rat brain related to chronic low level lead exposure during the developmental period. Brains in the third week of postnatal life, following a continuous prenatal and postnatal exposure to lead of low dose were investigated. Sections were processed for in situ hybridization with a 35S labeled riboprobe, which is specific for mouse GFAP RNA. Radioactive signals which resulted from the RNA-RNA-hybridization process, were achieved by exposure of the sections to X-ray film. The gray values on the X-ray films were investigated by a computer assisted image analyzer system. Our data show that low level lead exposure affects the GFAP RNA-amount. Interestingly these effects were spatially diverse and different in the brain regions investigated. The gray values were significantly enhanced in the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus, in the striatum and in the cerebellum. The GFAP gene expression seems to reflect the reaction of the astroglia in accordance to the electrophysiological functions of the NMDA receptor in the diverse brain regions and their alterations following low level lead exposure.
The new SANS instrument at the Swiss spallation source SINQ (2000)

With the start-up of the neutron spallation source SINQ at PSI an instrument for small angle neutron scattering became operational and is open for the user community. The instrument is equipped with state-of-the-art components and compares well with the world's largest and most powerful facilities of this kind. Great emphasis was put on providing a flexible, universal multi-user facility which guaranties a comfortable and reliable operation. In the present paper, the layout of the instrument is presented, the main components are described, and the performance is illustrated by selected examples
Interaction of Tertiary Phosphines with Lignin-Type,<i>α</i>,<i>β</i>-Unsaturated Aldehydes in Water (2007)

To learn more about the bleaching action of pulps by (hydroxymethyl)phosphines, lignin chromophores, such as the alpha,beta-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes, sinapaldehyde, coniferylaldehyde, and coumaraldehyde, were reacted with the tertiary phosphines R2R'P [R = R' = Me, Et, (CH2)3OH, iPr, cyclo-C6H11, (CH2)2CN; R = Me or Et, R' = Ph; R = Ph, R' = Me, m-NaSO3-C6H4] in water at room temperature under argon. In all cases, initial nucleophilic attack of the phosphine occurs at the activated C=C bond to form a zwitterionic monophosphonium species. With the phosphines PR3 [R = Me, Et, (CH2)3OH] and with R2R'P (R = Me or Et, R' = Ph), the zwitterion undergoes self-condensation to give a bisphosphonium zwitterion that can react with aqueous HCl to form the corresponding dichloride salts (as a mixture of R,R- and S,S-enantiomers); X-ray structures are presented for the bisphosphonium chlorides synthesized from the Et3P and Me3P reactions with sinapaldehyde. With the more bulky phosphines, iPr3P, MePPh2, (cyclo-C6H11)3P, and Na[Ph2P(m-SO3-C6H4)], only an equilibrium of the monophosphonium zwitterion with the reactant aldehyde is observed. The weakly nucleophilic [NC(CH2)2]3P does not react with sinapaldehyde. An analysis of some exceptional 1H NMR data within the prochiral phosphorus centers of the bisphosphonium chlorides is also presented.
Suppression of harmaline-induced tremor in rats by vagus nerve stimulation (2001)

We studied whether vagus nerve stimulation could suppress tremor in the harmaline tremor model in the rat. Animals were chronically implanted with helical leads around the left vagus nerve and a disk-shaped electrode positioned subcutaneously in the dorsal neck. Harmaline-induced tremor was recorded on a physiograph while each animal received a sequence of five 20-minute trials. Each trial consisted of five minutes of pre-stimulation baseline, five minutes of vagus nerve stimulation, and ten minutes of post-stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation significantly suppressed harmaline-induced tremor. The suppressive effect was present within the first minute of stimulation and was reproducible across the five trials of the study. The results of this study suggest that the central generator or expression of tremor in the harmaline animal model can be suppressed by vagus nerve stimulation.
Some Properties of Uridine-Cytidine Kinase from a Human Malignant Lymphoma (1979)

Uridine-cytidine kinase has been partially purified from a malignant human lymphoma, and some of its properties have been described. The apparent Michaelis constants for uridine and adenosine 5′-triphosphate are 7 × 10−5 and 4 × 10−4 m, respectively. Maximal enzyme activity is observed between pH 6.5 and 8.5, and temperatures of incubation are observed between 37 and 42°. The enzyme requires Mg2+ for full enzymatic activity and exists in two isozymic forms, as indicated by isoelectric focusing and column chromatography on Sepharose 6B. The roles of these two isozymes, i.e. , the adult (I) and the embryonic (II) forms, are not yet clear; conceivably, however, they may have relevance to the problem of the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic analogs that require uridinecytidine kinase for their “activation.”

Potent inhibitors (pyrazofurin and N -phosphonacetyl-l-aspartic acid) of the biosynthesis de novo of uridine 5′-monophosphate have not inhibited significantly the growth of other than a relatively few experimental tumors. Most neoplastic cells also can derive their essential supplies of uridine 5′-monophosphate by one or another route, especially through the salvage of uridine and cytidine, as catalyzed by uridine-cytidine kinase. No effective inhibitor of this key enzyme in the salvage pathway has been reported. Among a variety of compounds (20 substances) so far examined by us for their possible ability to interfere with the phosphorylation of [5-3H]uridine by adenosine 5′-triphosphate, as catalyzed by uridine-cytidine kinase, none is a powerful inhibitor of this enzyme, although leads for future development have been obtained. In the meantime, information concerning the uridine-cytidine kinase activity of a variety of murine and human neoplasms (particularly of colorectal origin), as well as in normal tissues, is being expanded; these findings may contribute to the design and prospective syntheses of potential chemotherapeutic agents, functioning as inhibitor of the salvage of uridine and cytidine.
A linearized 1 GHz class E amplifier (2002)

An envelope elimination and restoration amplifier is analyzed, built and tested at 1 GHz. The predicted amplifier performance closely matches the measured amplifier performance. It is determined that a few key circuit parameters largely control the amplifier intermodulation performance. It is found that time delay matching of the phase signal information and the envelope signal information is very important. It is also found that the zero voltage signal feed through of the class E amplifier is also a significant parameter. The cascaded connection of the modulator and the class E amplifier, with respect to the power flow from the supply to the RF signal output places high demands on the modulator and amplifier efficiency.