gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study of Metalloproteins in CSF by CapLC-ICPMS and NanoLC-CHIP/ITMS (2008)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has frequently been studied to explore the total metal concentrations in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Some examples of neurologic diseases include but are not limited to intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. In this study, however, a comprehensive approach was begun using metallomics methods. First, two molecular weight cutoff filters were used to separate CSF constituents by molecular weight. The remaining CSF was then separated with capillary liquid chromatography/normal bore liquid chromatography and analyzed with inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICPMS). With this ICPMS screening, a possible iron associated protein was suggested by nanoliquid chromatography-CHIP/ion trap mass spectrometry (nanoLC-CHIP/ITMS) identification in conjunction with a Spectrum Mill database search. In this preliminary study, three different types of pooled CSF were partially characterized by their metal (Pb, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu) containing species with suggestions for fuller studies. Chemical 'differences' in the CSF and metal constituents suggests some utility in this analysis for understanding some of the complications observed following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Parents Writing with Students (1991)

In the last few years, my interaction with the parents of my students suggested that the parents' expectations were out of line with the objectives of my class. Some asked me why I didn't teach grammar or diagramming. Others wanted to know why I didn't mark every error on their children's papers. I wanted the parents to understand the importance of frequent free writing without emphasis on mechanical correctness. I wondered how I could encourage parents of my students to work more meaningfully with their children to help develop their interest and skill in writing. During the summer, writing courses at the Bread Loaf School of English showed me how enjoyable it is to hear other people's stories and gave me an idea for fostering parental involvement with student writing. I decided to arrange for parents and students to write together about their childhoods. This exercise would support the theme of the school's humanities project, Through the Eyes of a Child.
Range-ambiguous clutter suppression with Pulse-diverse waveforms (2011)

Conventional pulse-Doppler waveforms are the standard for radar detection in clutter due to their inherent robustness, especially to extended-range ambiguous clutter. The attendant drawbacks include coherent ambiguities and blind zones in range and/or Doppler, which require multiple coherent precessing intervals to resolve. Pulse-diverse waveforms, using techniques such as phase coding and nonuniform time offsets, can mitigate these drawbacks but at the cost of a significant reduction in clutter suppression using matched filtering. It is shown here that receive filtering optimized on a per-interval or per-range/Doppler-cell basis can provide these waveforms with clutter suppression over multiple range intervals, at the cost of significantly increased computation. Several examples illustrate the tradeoffs between different types of pulse diversity.
Ifitm3 Limits the Severity of Acute Influenza in Mice (2012)

Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are a family of viral restriction factors that inhibit the entry processes of several pathogenic viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), in vitro. Here we report that IAV-infected knockout mice lacking the Ifitm locus on chromosome 7 exhibited accelerated disease progression, greater mortality, and higher pulmonary and systemic viral burdens as compared to wild type controls. We further observed that the phenotype of Ifitm3-specific knockout mice was indistinguishable from that of mice lacking the entire Ifitm locus. Ifitm3 was expressed by IAV target cells including alveolar type II pneumocytes and tracheal/bronchial respiratory epithelial cells. Robust Ifitm3 expression was also observed in several tissues in the absence of infection. Among murine Ifitm promoters, only that of Ifitm3 could be induced by type I and II interferons. Ifitm3 could also be upregulated by the gp130 cytokines IL-6 and oncostatin M on cells expressing appropriate receptors, suggesting that multiple cytokine signals could contribute to Ifitm3 expression in a cell or tissue-specific manner. Collectively, these findings establish a central role for Ifitm3 in limiting acute influenza in vivo, and provide further insight into Ifitm3 expression and regulation.
EFFECT OF TWO AND FIVE DAYS OF CREATINE LOADING ON ANAEROBIC WORKING CAPACITY IN WOMEN (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 2 and 5 days of Cr loading on anaerobic working capacity (AWC) using the critical power (CP) test in women. Ten physically active women randomly received 2 treatments separated by a 5 week washout period: (A) 18 g dextrose as placebo (PL) or (B) 5.0 g Cr + 18 g dextrose taken 4 times per day for 5 days. Following a familiarization trial, each subject completed the CP test at baseline and following 2 and 5 days of supplementation. The PL resulted in no significant changes in AWC following supplementation; however, Cr increased AWC by 22.1% after 5 days of loading (p < 0.05). There was a significant main effect for body weight (BW), however, there was no significant increase in BW due to Cr supplementation. These results suggest that Cr supplementation is effective for increasing AWC in women following 5 days of loading without an associated increase in BW.
Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable, Thermally and Chemically Gelable, Amphiphilic Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Macromers (2008)

In this study, we synthesized and characterized a series of macromers based on poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) that undergo thermally induced physical gelation and, following chemical modification, can be chemically cross-linked. Macromers with number average molecular weights typically ranging from 2000-3500 Da were synthesized via free radical polymerization from, in addition to N-isopropylacrylamide, pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate, a bifunctional monomer containing a long hydrophobic chain, acrylamide, a hydrophilic monomer, and hydroxyethyl acrylate, a hydrophilic monomer used to provide hydroxyl groups for further chemical modification. Results indicated that the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance achieved by varying the relative concentrations of comonomers used during synthesis was an important parameter in controlling the transition temperature of the macromers in solution and stability of the resultant gels. Storage moduli of the macromers increased over 4 orders of magnitude once gelation occurred above the transition temperature. Furthermore, chemical cross-linking of these macromers resulted in gels with increased stability compared to uncross-linked controls. These results demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-based macromers that undergo tandem gelation and establish key criteria relating to the transition temperature and stability of these materials. The data suggest that these materials may be attractive substrates for tissue engineering and cellular delivery applications as the combination of mechanistically independent gelation techniques used in tandem may offer superior materials with regard to gelation kinetics and stability.
A propagation-backpropagation method for ultrasound tomography (1995)

Ultrasound tomography is modelled by the inverse problem of a 2D Helmholtz equation at fixed frequency with plane-wave irradiation. It is assumed that the field is measured outside the support of the unknown potential f for finitely many incident waves. Starting out from an initial guess f0 for f we propagate the measured field through the object f0 to yield a computed held whose difference to the measurements is in turn backpropagated. The backpropagated field is used to update f0. The propagation as well as the backpropagation are done by a finite difference marching scheme. The whole process is carried out in a single-step fashion, i.e. the updating is done immediately after backpropagating a single wave. It is very similar to the well known ART method in X-ray tomography, with the projection and backprojection step replaced by propagation and backpropagation.
A 0.6–107 µW Energy-Scalable Processor for Directly Analyzing Compressively-Sensed EEG (2014)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> Compressive sensing has been used to overcome communication constraints (energy and bandwidth) in low-power sensors. In this work, we present a seizure-detection processor that directly uses compressively-sensed electroencephalograms (EEGs) for embedded signal analysis. In addition to addressing communication, this has two advantages for local computation. First, with compressive sensing, reconstruction costs are typically severe, precluding embedded analysis; directly analyzing the compressed signals circumvents reconstruction costs, enabling embedded analysis within applications. Second, compared to Nyquist-sampled signals, the use of compressed representations reduces the computational energy of signal analysis due to the reduced number of signal samples. We describe an algorithmic formulation as well as a hardware architecture that enables two strong power-management knobs, wherein application-level performance can scale with computational energy. The two knobs are parameterized as follows: 1) ξ, which quantifies the amount of data compression, and 2) ν, which determines the approximation error within the proposed compressed-domain processing algorithm. For ξ and ν in the range 2-24×, the energy to extract signal features (over 18 channels) is 70.8-1.3 nJ, and the detector's performance for sensitivity, latency, and specificity is 96-91%, 4.7-5.3 sec., and 0.17-0.30 false-alarms/hr., respectively (compared to a baseline performance of 96%, 4.6 sec., and 0.15 false-alarms/hr.).
Principal component analysis with missing data and its application to polyhedral object modeling (1995)

Observation-based object modeling often requires integration of shape descriptions from different views. To overcome the problems of errors and their accumulation, we have developed a weighted least-squares (WLS) approach which simultaneously recovers object shape and transformation among different views without recovering interframe motion. We show that object modeling from a range image sequence is a problem of principal component analysis with missing data (PCAMD), which can be generalized as a WLS minimization problem. An efficient algorithm is devised. After we have segmented planar surface regions in each view and tracked them over the image sequence, we construct a normal measurement matrix of surface normals, and a distance measurement matrix of normal distances to the origin for all visible regions over the whole sequence of views, respectively. These two matrices, which have many missing elements due to noise, occlusion, and mismatching, enable us to formulate multiple view merging as a combination of two WLS problems. A two-step algorithm is presented. After surface equations are extracted, spatial connectivity among the surfaces is established to enable the polyhedral object model to be constructed. Experiments using synthetic data and real range images show that our approach is robust against noise and mismatching and generates accurate polyhedral object models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developmental Expression Pattern of Phototransduction Components in Mammalian Pineal Implies a Light-Sensing Function (1997)

Whereas the pineal organs of lower vertebrates have been shown to be photosensitive, photic regulation of pineal function in adult mammals is thought be mediated entirely by retinal photoreceptors. Extraretinal regulation of pineal function has been reported in neonatal rodents, although both the site and molecular basis of extraretinal photoreception have remained obscure. In this study we examine the developmental expression pattern of all of the principal components of retinal phototransduction in rat pineal via cRNA in situ hybridization. All of the components needed to reconstitute a functional phototransduction pathway are expressed in the majority of neonatal pinealocytes, although the expression levels of many of these genes decline dramatically during development. These findings strongly support the theory that the neonatal rat pineal itself is photosensitive. In addition, we observe in neonatal pinealocytes the expression of both rod-specific and cone-specific phototransduction components, implying the existence of functionally different subtypes of pinealocytes that express varying combinations of phototransduction enzymes.
Tagatose, the New GRAS Sweetener and Health Product (2002)

Tagatose, a low-calorie, full-bulk natural sugar, has just attained GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status under U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, thereby permitting its use as a sweetener in foods and beverages. This paper presents all current aspects of tagatose with respect to demonstrated food and beverage applications and the potential health and medical benefits of this unique substance. Summarized studies are referenced to detailed peer-reviewed papers. The safety studies followed the recommendations in the FDA "Red Book." Results were submitted to an Expert Panel for determination of GRAS status under FDA regulation. Small phase 2 clinical trials showed tagatose to be effective in treating type 2 diabetes. The results, buttressed by the references cited, support the efficacy of the various applications disclosed for tagatose. Tagatose has been found to be safe and efficacious for use as a low-calorie, full-bulk sweetener in a wide variety of foods, beverages, health foods, and dietary supplements. It fills broad, heretofore unmet needs for a low-calorie sweetener in products in which the bulk of sugar is important, such as chocolates, chewing gum, cakes, ice cream, and frosted cereals. Its synergism with high-intensity sweeteners also makes it useful in sodas. Various health and medical benefits are indicated, including the treatment of type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia and the improvement of fetal development.
Advances in optical imaging for pharmacological studies (2015)

Imaging approaches are an essential tool for following up over time representative parameters of in vivo models, providing useful information in pharmacological studies. Main advantages of optical imaging approaches compared to other imaging methods are their safety, straight-forward use and cost-effectiveness. A main drawback, however, is having to deal with the presence of high scattering and high absorption in living tissues. Depending on how these issues are addressed, three different modalities can be differentiated: planar imaging (including fluorescence and bioluminescence in vivo imaging), optical tomography, and optoacoustic approaches. In this review we describe the latest advances in optical in vivo imaging with pharmacological applications, with special focus on the development of new optical imaging probes in order to overcome the strong absorption introduced by different tissue components, especially hemoglobin, and the development of multimodal imaging systems in order to overcome the resolution limitations imposed by scattering.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF 3‐METHOXY‐3‐METHYL‐2‐OXA‐7,7‐DICHLORONORCARANES, THE DICHLOROCARBENE ADDUCTS OF 2‐METHOXY‐2‐METHYL‐3,4‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐PYRANS (1979)

Abstract Aus den Dihydropyranen (I) entstehen nach der Phasen‐Transfer‐Katalyse die Addukte (II), die sauer zu den Cyclopropanolen (III) gespalten und zu (IV) verestert werden.
Down Syndrome, Obesity, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Cancer: A Brief Review and Hypothesis (2018)

Down syndrome (trisomy 21), a complex mix of physical, mental, and biochemical issues, includes an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and childhood leukemia, a decreased risk of other tumors, and a high frequency of overweight/obesity. Certain features related to the third copy of chromosome 21 (which carries the APP gene and several anti-angiogenesis genes) create an environment favorable for Alzheimer's disease and unfavorable for cancer. This environment may be enhanced by two bioactive compounds from fat cells, leptin, and adiponectin. This paper outlines these fat-related disease mechanisms and suggests new avenues of research to reduce disease risk in Down syndrome.
Enhanced Fe moment in nitrogen martensite and Fe16N2 (invited) (1994)

Nitrogen martensite was prepared by treating fine Fe powder with NH3/H2 gas mixtures at temperatures around 665 °C. Upon quenching to a temperature Tq, the γ phase which had formed at the elevated temperature undergoes a martensitic transformation to form nitrogen martinsite (α′ Fe-N alloy), a tetragonal material. Heat treating this material for 1–2 h at 140±10 °C produced the α″ phase Fe16N2. The α′ phase occurred along with γ Fe-N. From x-ray line intensities, the amount of α′ phase was ascertained. The α′ phase exhibits a room-temperature moment of 250±10 emu/g. Fe16N2 is formed along with α Fe and also there is retained N-austenite. Using XRD and conventional magnetic measurement procedures, one obtained 280±10 emu/g for the saturation moment of Fe16N2. The experimental Fe moment, 2.88 μB, is in excellent agreement with the most recent band-structure calculations, 2.85 μB. The ternary systems (Fe,M)16N2 were studied with M=Mn or Ni. γ Fe-Mn nitride readily forms, but it does not undergo the γ→α′ transformation. The α′ phase and possibly the α″ phase form in the Fe-Ni nitride.
Onset detection using comb filters (2006)

A technique for detecting note onsets using FIR comb filters which have different filter delays is presented. The proposed onset detector focuses on the inharmonic characteristics of the onset component and the energy increases of the signal. Both properties are combined by utilizing FIR comb filters on a frame by frame basis in order to obtain an onset detection function, which is suitable for detecting slow onsets. The proposed approach improves upon existing methods in terms of the percentage of correct detections in signals containing slow onsets.
Properties of two derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) capable of abolishing Cardiazol- and bicuculline-induced convulsions in the rat. (1978)

Aim. This paper reports a study investigating whether burnout is contagious.\nBackground. Burnout has been recognized as a problem in intensive care units for a long time. Previous research has focused primarily on its organizational antecedents, such as excessive workload or high patient care demands, time pressure and intensive use of sophisticated technology. The present study took a totally different perspective by hypothesizing that – in intensive care units – burnout is communicated from one nurse to another.\nMethods. A questionnaire on work and well-being was completed by 1849 intensive care unit nurses working in one of 80 intensive care units in 12 different European countries in 1994. The results are being reported now because they formed part of a larger study that was only finally analysed recently. The questionnaire was translated from English to the language of each of these countries, and then back-translated to English. Respondents indicated the prevalence of burnout\namong their colleagues, and completed scales to assess working conditions and job\nburnout.\nResults. Analysis of variance indicated that the between-unit variance on a measure of perceived burnout complaints among colleagues was statistically significant and substantially larger than the within-unit variance. This implies that there is considerable agreement (consensus) within intensive care units regarding the prevalence of burnout. In addition, the results of multilevel analyses showed that burnout complaints among colleagues in intensive care units made a statistically significant\nand unique contribution to explaining variance in individual nurses’ and whole units’ experiences of burnout, i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Moreover, for both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, perceived burnout complaints among colleagues was the most important predictor of burnout at the individual and unit levels, even after controlling for the impact of well-known organizational stressors as conceptualized in\nthe demand-control model.\nConclusion. Burnout is contagious: it may cross over from one nurse to another.
B-Vitamin Levels in Human Milk among Different Lactation Stages and Areas in China (2015)

To determine the contents of B-vitamins in human milk in China, we analyzed 1778 human milk samples from the sample bank of the National High Technique R & D Program (863 Projects) which was a cross-sectional survey and covered 6419 human milk samples from healthy lactating mothers who were at different stages of lactation (0-330 days postpartum) in 11 provinces of China. The contents of free forms of six B-vitamins in these human milk samples were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS. The median concentrations of free form of 6 B-vitamins in colostrums, transitional milk, 15-180 d mature milk and 181-330 d mature milk were respectively as follows: thiamin 5.0 µg/L, 6.7 µg/L, 21.1 µg/L and 40.7 µg/L; riboflavin 29.3 µg/L, 40.6 µg/L, 33.6 µg/L and 29.6 µg/L; niacin 470.7 µg/L, 661.3 µg/L, 687.0 µg/L and 571.3 µg/L; vitamin B-6 4.6 µg/L, 16.1 µg/L, 62.7 µg/L and 80.7 µg/L; flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 808.7 µg/L, 1162.8 µg/L, 1023.9 µg/L and 1057.2 µg/L; pantothenic acid 1770.9 µg/L, 2626.8 µg/L, 2213.0 µg/L and 1895.5 µg/L. The contents of 6 B-vitamins varied significantly among the different lactation stages and different areas (coastal area vs inland area, rural area vs urban area). The present study indicated that the concentrations of B-vitamins in colostrum were generally much lower than those in transitional milk and mature milk. Further studies are warranted for their roles and significance on B-vitamins in colostrum in nutrition and metabolism of neonates.
IMAP URL Scheme (1997)

IMAP [IMAP4] is a rich protocol for accessing remote message stores. It provides an ideal mechanism for accessing public mailing list archives as well as private and shared message stores. This document defines a URL scheme for referencing objects on an IMAP server.
Syntheses and properties of two olefins, six paraffins, and their intermediates (1950)

As a part of a stud y of the desirability of certain h ydrocarbon types as jet fu el components, e ight a liphatic h ydro carbons have been prepared and purified. This report describes their syn theses an d those of several in termedi ates. Physical constants were measured on t he high puri ty products.