gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method to Determine Carbon in Silicon by Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (2003)

Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra, measured at a sample temperature of 77 K, can be employed to assess substitutional carbon in electronic-grade silicon crystals without the need for a carbon-lean reference sample. The procedure proposed is based on the second derivative of the local mode absorption of at which is calculated by numerical interpolation. The new method is particularly useful for low carbon concentrations of less than 100 parts per billion (ppb, . The detection limit is better than 10 ppb. Baseline problems arising from the conventional difference method can be avoided. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal permeability, endotoxaemia, and tumour necrosis factor α in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2001)

Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis have a higher prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, as assessed by the (14)C-D-xylose-lactulose breath test, and higher TNF-alpha levels in comparison with control subjects. This is not accompanied by increased intestinal permeability or elevated endotoxin levels.
The elevation of circulating platelets after IFN-alpha therapy in HIV-1 seropositive thrombocytopenic patients correlates with increased plasma levels of IL-6. (1993)

In this study we evaluated the effect of recombinant interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-alpha 2b) therapy on the number of circulating platelets and interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels in 12 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive patients, affected by a severe and persistent thrombocytopenia. The levels of IL-6 in plasma of HIV-1 seropositive thrombocytopenic subjects before IFN-alpha therapy were similar (80 +/- 15 pg/ml) to those observed in 15 HIV-1 seropositive asymptomatic individuals (75 +/- 12 pg/ml) and 30 HIV-1 seronegative blood donors (59.5 +/- 25 pg/ml). On the other hand, IL-6 amounts (148 +/- 36 pg/ml) in plasma of HIV-1 seropositive thrombocytopenic subjects were significantly (p < 0.01) increased after 5 weeks of IFN-alpha 2b therapy, showing a good correlation (p < 0.05, chi-square test) with the levels of circulating platelets. Moreover, an increased spontaneous IL-6 production by peripheral blood monocytes was observed after IFN-alpha 2b therapy in HIV-1 seropositive thrombocytopenic patients. Our results suggest that an increased production of IL-6, one of the main factors controlling thrombocytopoiesis, may partially explain the ability of IFN-alpha 2b therapy, to restore platelet production in a subset of HIV-1 seropositive thrombocytopenic individuals.
Negative cross-talk between the human orphan nuclear receptor Nur77/NAK-1/TR3 and nuclear factor- B (2004)

The effect of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 overexpression on activation of an interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter-luciferase construct was analyzed in the human leukemic cell line Jurkat. Cotransfection of the IL-2 promoter construct together with the Nur77 expression plasmid resulted in a significant repression of IL-2 promoter activation compared to control cells. The repression by Nur77 requires the N-terminal activation function-1 domain. The repressive effect of Nur77 on IL-2 promoter activation is mediated through inhibition of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), since blocking or alteration of the IL-2 NF-kappaB binding sites resulted in abrogation of the repressive effect of Nur77. Moreover, further examination of a reporter gene construct containing multiple copies of the IL-2 CD28 response element (CD28RE) showed that Nur77 can inhibit transactivation mediated by the NF-kappaB components p65 and c-Rel. However, no effect of Nur77 was seen on p65-mediated transactivation of a construct containing multiple NF-kappaB binding sites of the HIV LTR. Our data suggest that Nur77 is able to block activation through NF-kappaB when bound to low-affinity NF-kappaB binding sites, such as those located in the IL-2 promoter.
Mechanism of action of cephalosporins and resistance caused by decreased affinity for penicillin-binding proteins in Bacteroides fragilis (1988)

The susceptibilities of 52 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis to five monoanionic cephalosporins were examined. Cefoperazone showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by ceftezole, cefazolin, cefamandole, and cephalothin. There were two groups of resistant strains: one group (ca. 15%), of which B. fragilis G-232 was a typical sample, was resistant to ceftezole (MIC, 100 micrograms/ml), cefazolin (MIC, 100 micrograms/ml), and cephalothin (MIC, 200 micrograms/ml) but not cefoperazone (MIC, 6.25 micrograms/ml) or cefamandole (MIC, 25 micrograms/ml). On the basis of studies of stability to beta-lactamase, outer membrane permeation, and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), we conclude that decreased affinity for PBP 3 may play an important role in the resistance to ceftezole, cefazolin, and cephalothin in B. fragilis G-232. Another group (also ca. 15%), of which B. fragilis G-242 was a representative, was resistant to all five cephalosporins (MIC, 100 to 400 micrograms/ml) and produced a high amount of beta-lactamase. Similar broad-spectrum resistance was seen in a mutant of strain G-232 that had a greater-than-30-fold increase in beta-lactamase production.
Influence of Buffer Layers and Barrier Metals on Properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO<sub>3</sub> Films Prepared by Liquid Source Chemical Vapor Deposition (1997)

The characteristics, especially the electrical properties, of (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 [BST] films obtained by a two-step process of liquid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on two types of substrates or Ru/Si and Ru/TiN/Ti/Si structures have been investigated. First, the studies on the best deposition conditions for BST buffer layers on Ru/Si substrates indicated that more crystallized buffer layers improved the electrical properties of the two-step-deposited BST films. The reproducibility of the measured thicknesses was 1.5% (1σ) and that for t eq -values of equivalent SiO 2 thicknesses was 5.4% (1σ) for seven consecutive two-step runs on Ru/Si substrates. Moreover, the insertion of the barrier metals TiN/Ti between Ru and Si, which was stable enough for back-end processing at high temperatures, increased the degree of some crystal orientations of BST and Ru films; however, it hardly changed the electrical properties of the BST films deposited in two-steps.
Consistency of VDJ Rearrangement and Substitution Parameters Enables Accurate B Cell Receptor Sequence Annotation (2016)

VDJ rearrangement and somatic hypermutation work together to produce antibody-coding B cell receptor (BCR) sequences for a remarkable diversity of antigens. It is now possible to sequence these BCRs in high throughput; analysis of these sequences is bringing new insight into how antibodies develop, in particular for broadly-neutralizing antibodies against HIV and influenza. A fundamental step in such sequence analysis is to annotate each base as coming from a specific one of the V, D, or J genes, or from an N-addition (a.k.a. non-templated insertion). Previous work has used simple parametric distributions to model transitions from state to state in a hidden Markov model (HMM) of VDJ recombination, and assumed that mutations occur via the same process across sites. However, codon frame and other effects have been observed to violate these parametric assumptions for such coding sequences, suggesting that a non-parametric approach to modeling the recombination process could be useful. In our paper, we find that indeed large modern data sets suggest a model using parameter-rich per-allele categorical distributions for HMM transition probabilities and per-allele-per-position mutation probabilities, and that using such a model for inference leads to significantly improved results. We present an accurate and efficient BCR sequence annotation software package using a novel HMM "factorization" strategy. This package, called partis (https://github.com/psathyrella/partis/), is built on a new general-purpose HMM compiler that can perform efficient inference given a simple text description of an HMM.
It's Great to Be a Winner (1975)

Hyre Junior High School (Akron, Ohio) has way of making almost every student feel important. The school recently held dinner honoring 105 Groundhogs, students who try but don't always get recognition. The idea the brainchild of two language arts teachers at Hyre, Linda Fehrman and Judy Bender who believe there more to being good student than always making the honor roll. A Groundhog student who: Raises his average in class from an F to C, always willing to help others, makes his club or organization go, unselfishly gives his time and energy to project and overcomes handicap—either physical or emotional. What we're doing, said Mrs. Bender, is trying to build pride in the kids who normally don't get any recognition. A 'Groundhog' not what unkindly called 'born loser,' but one who gains success at less spectacular level. Mrs. Fehrman agreed, adding that a 'Ground hog' not necessarily academically brilliant or ath letically endowed, or getting 'well dones1 from his teacher or cheers from the crowd.
Controller Synthesis for String Stability of Vehicle Platoons (2014)

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) allows for short-distance automatic vehicle following using intervehicle wireless communication in addition to onboard sensors, thereby potentially improving road throughput. In order to fulfill performance, safety, and comfort requirements, a CACC-equipped vehicle platoon should be string stable, attenuating the effect of disturbances along the vehicle string. Therefore, a controller design method is developed that allows for explicit inclusion of the string stability requirement in the controller synthesis specifications. To this end, the notion of string stability is introduced first, and conditions for L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> string stability of linear systems are presented that motivate the development of an H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller synthesis approach for string stability. The potential of this approach is illustrated by its application to the design of controllers for CACC for one- and two-vehicle look-ahead communication topologies. As a result, L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> string-stable platooning strategies are obtained in both cases, also revealing that the two-vehicle look-ahead topology is particularly effective at a larger communication delay. Finally, the results are experimentally validated using a platoon of three passenger vehicles, illustrating the practical feasibility of this approach.
Emotion Detection and Sentiment Analysis in Text Corpus: A Differential Study with Informal and Formal Writing Styles (2014)

Text, either online or offline can be presented in two different writing styles: formal and informal writing style. A Piece of text may contain a lot of emotion, ideas or feelings. Various techniques and methods are present in the field of Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis to extract the emotions from text. This paper presents a differential analysis of Formal and Informal text pieces in the field of Sentiment Classification. This paper presents a study and analysis of differences of approaches used for Emotion Detection and Sentiment Analysis for both cases. In this study, 10 formal text pieces in form of poetry, proverbs, essay and document are analyzed. These text pieces are present in 7 different International languages (i.e. Persian, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Malaysian, English, Ottoman). Informal text, in form of chats, emails, review sites and micro blogs, written in different International languages (Korean, Persian and English) are considered in this study. Various machine learning based methods -Support Vector Machine(SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree are more often used in classification of literary arts especially poetry. Statistical Machine learning approach Support Vector Machine outperforms all other methods in case of poetry and NB performed well in case of Informal Writing Style.
Regioselective Bromination of Fused Heterocyclic <i>N</i>-Oxides (2013)

A mild method for the regioselective C2-bromination of fused azine N-oxides is presented, employing tosic anhydride as the activator and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as the nucleophilic bromide source. The C2-brominated compounds are produced in moderate to excellent yields and with excellent regioselectivity in most cases. The potential extension of this method to other halogens, effecting C2-chlorination with Ts(2)O/TBACl is also presented. Finally, this method could be incorporated into a viable one-pot oxidation/bromination process, using methyltrioxorhenium/urea hydropgen peroxide as the oxidant.
Introduction (1995)

Over the last twenty years, several Latin American countries have become major exporters of manufactures, with the share in total exports rising from 11 per cent in 1970 to 33 per cent in 1990 (IDB, 1992, p. 196). However, agricultural exports remained a major source of foreign exchange for the region, accounting for about 40 per cent of the value of regional exports in the early 1990s and, of course, much more than this for a number of individual countries. For the foreseeable future, the performance of the agricultural sector, which accounts for but ten per cent of regional Gross Domestic Product, will have a major impact on the balance of payments for most countries in the region. If it is somewhat anachronistic to propose an agriculture-led growth strategy for the region (De Janvry and Sadolet, 1989), it remains the case that agriculture will continue to play a major role as a generator of foreign exchange and the source of livelihood for a large portion of the low-income population of the region.
ACS Fall 2020 Virtual Meeting & Expo (2020)

Moving Chemistry from Bench to Market will capture the attention of thousands of chemists from around the globe as they participate in the ACS Fall 2020 Virtual Meeting & Expo Aug. 17–20. By going virtual, we eliminate the need to travel from one venue to another. With a simple click, each attendee will select the time to view a presentation or interact with an exhibitor. The meeting platform will feature 34 simultaneous broadcast sessions with integrated messaging and chat features to allow for real-time chat conversations with presenters posters and prerecorded presentations available on-demand throughout the meeting with dialogue portals for viewers to contact presenters posters and presentations accessible for viewing until Aug. 28 customized networking opportunities With your registration, you will gain access to many benefits: Share and discover research: Participate in broadcast sessions, live daily kickoffs, interactive poster presentations, and more. On-demand presentations: Over 6,000 papers are slated
Pc-Based Digital Facsimile Information Distribution System (2005)

This paper describes an information distribution system that merges the personal computer (PC) and facsimile technologies to enhance and expand the capabilities of existing stand-alone facsimile machines. The goal is to identify and develop mechanisms to reliably dispatch or receive a page of text or graphical material to or from any place worldwide within one minute. To allow universal compatibility, the system is designed based on the CCITT recommendations for Group 3 fax apparatus. Automated sending and receiving processes are devised in a user-friendly, menu-driven environment to minimize human intervention. The information dispatching mechanism is integrated with existing PC wordprocessors, graphics editors, and image databases. In addition, the system software is implemented at the application layer of an OSI LAN model as a fax server to provide a cost effective solution for information exchange that rivals existing document delivery system.
Residue Lys57 in the collagen-like region of human L-ficolin and its counterpart Lys47 in H-ficolin play a key role in the interaction with the mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases and the collectin receptor calreticulin. (2009)

International audience
Group sequential methods in the design and analysis of clinical trials (1977)

In clinical trials with sequential patient entry, fixed sample size designs are unjustified on ethical grounds and sequential designs are often impracticable. One solution is a group sequential design dividing patient entry into a number of equal-sized groups so that the decision to stop the trial or continue is based on repeated significance tests of the accumulated data after each group is evaluated. Exact results are obtained for a trial with two treatments and a normal response with known variance. The design problem of determining the required size and number of groups is also considered. Simulation shows that these normal results may be adapted to other types of response data. An example shows that group sequential designs can sometimes be statistically superior to standard sequential designs.
2-Chloro-s-Triazine Herbicides Induce Aromatase (CYP19) Activity in H295R Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells: A Novel Mechanism for Estrogenicity? (2000)

There is increasing concern that certain chemicals in the environment can cause endocrine disruption in exposed humans and wildlife. Investigations of potential effects on endocrine function have been limited mainly to interactions with hormone receptors. A need exists for the development of alternate in vitro methods to evaluate chemicals for their potential to disturb various endocrine functions via other mechanisms. Our laboratory is using the human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cell line to examine chemicals for their potential to interfere with the activity and/or expression of several key cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. In this report we demonstrated that the commonly used 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides atrazine, simazine, and propazine dose-dependently (0-30 microM) induced aromatase (CYP19) activity to an apparent maximum of about 2.5-fold in H295R cells. Basal- and triazine-induced aromatase activity was completely inhibited by the irreversible aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (100 microM). The triazines increased levels of CYP19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) between 1.5- and 2-fold. The time-response profile of the induction of aromatase activity and CYP19 mRNA by the triazines was similar to that by 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a known stimulant of the protein kinase-A pathway that mediates the induction of aromatase in these cells. The observed induction of aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of androgens to estrogens, may be an underlying explanation for some of the reported hormonal disrupting and tumor promoting properties of these herbicides in vivo.
On the Schultz index of thorn graphs (2005)

Motivation. This report was motivated by recent papers of Bytautas, Bonchev and Klein, Bonchev and Klein on the Wiener index of a special class of graphs called thorn graphs and of several groups of authors on the relationship between of the Schultz index and Wiener index. Method. Graph–theoretical and algebraic methodologies are used in this paper. Results. Three theorems are given from which as corrolaries follow Schultz indices of thorn graphs, such as thorn paths (thorn rods, thorn trees), thorn cycles, and thorn stars. Conclusions. Obtained formulas allow much easier calculation of Schultz indices for thorn graphs than the formula for the Schultz index based on the adjacency matrix, distance matrix and valency matrix of a graph.
Benchmark of Ferroelectric Transistor-Based Hybrid Precision Synapse for Neural Network Accelerator (2019)

In-memory computing with analog nonvolatile memories can accelerate the in situ training of deep neural networks. Recently, we proposed a synaptic cell of a ferroelectric transistor (FeFET) with two CMOS transistors (2T1F) that exploit the hybrid precision for training and inference, which overcomes the challenges of nonlinear and asymmetric weight update and achieves nearly software comparable training accuracy at the algorithm level. In this paper, we further present the circuit-level benchmark results of this hybrid precision synapse in terms of area, latency, and energy. The corresponding array architecture is presented and the array-level operations are illustrated. The benchmark is conducted by multilayer-perceptron (MLP) + NeuroSim framework with comparison to other capacitor-assisted (e.g., 3T1C + 2PCM) hybrid precision cell. The design tradeoffs and scalability are discussed between different implementations.
Synthesis and characterization of hierarchically porous silica with poplar tissue as template with assistance of supercritical CO2 (2008)

Hierarchically porous silica samples, ranging from mesopores to macropores, were prepared by “nanoscale casting using supercritical (SC) fluids” (NC-SCF) technology and bionics, achieving a biomineralization process in an environmentally friendly and efficient way. These wood-templated SiO2 samples, having special hierarchical pore sizes from 3.3 nm up to 50 μm, were obtained with SC-CO2 precursor solution by a wood-silication method. For this method, the precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), was dissolved in SC-CO2 and impregnated into poplar tissue cells using SC-CO2 as a mass carrier. After removal of the wood template by calcination in air at suitable temperatures, the porous silica was obtained. The effects of CO2 pressure and precursor concentration on the impregnating ratio were studied, and the products were characterized. SEM experimental results showed that the obtained silica had the same external and internal structures of the original wood. XRD and N2 absorption-desorption results indicated that the silica was amorphous but crystallized with the calcination temperature up to 1000 oC, and had a preferable BET surface area being up to 469 m2/g (600 oC). So this work provides a simple and timesaving route to obtain and control the special microstructure of silica with the aid of a wood template in supercritical CO2.
W-enrichment of electroplated Ni-W alloy films and film properties. (1988)

A study was conducted to determine the maximum obtainable tungsten content in the alloy, using ammoniacal alkaline citrate baths of pH7.5-9.0 at 80°C. Sodium citrate and citric acid were considered as the complexing agent. The presence of a large amount of sodium in the bath reduced tungsten content and current efficiency. When a suitable amount of sodium tungstate and nickel sulfate were added to the citric acid baths, alloys up to 51wt%W, corresponding to Ni3W, were obtained. Since alloys exceeding 40wt% W were obtained for the first time, X-ray examination and hardness testing were also conducted. Alloys exceeding 44wt% W (Ni4W stoichiometry) were amorphous, having extremely small atomic size. The Vickers hardness of the 44wt% W alloy was Hv 1350 after heating at 550°C for 1h.
Fast sub-pixel motion estimation based on directional information and adaptive block classification (2008)

5th International Conference on Visual Information Engineering, VIE 2008, Xi'an, 29 July-1 August 2008