gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the overwrite spectra due to hard-transition effects (magnetic recording) (1989)

The impacts of the hard-transition position-shift effect and the hard-transition shape-change effect on the readback signal spectra in overwrite environment were studied theoretically. Starting from first principles, it is shown that in a typical overwrite situation, where a lower frequency CW (continuous wave) background pattern is overwritten by a higher frequency CW data pattern, the hard-transition effects produce sidebands that are centered around the even harmonics of the data frequency. The distances from the peaks of a sideband to the center of the sideband are given by the odd harmonics of the background frequency. It is shown that the amplitudes of the peaks in these sidebands are given by simple analytical expressions. The results of the theoretical work are verified by comparison with numerical simulations of the hard-transition shift effect and with experimental data. In both cases, good agreement is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulation of forskolin of intact S49 lymphoma cells involves the nucleotide regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase. (1982)

We have used wild type 549 lymphoma cells and S49 variants that have lesions in their ability to generate CAMP to explore the mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin.In intact wild type cells, forskolin rapidly and reversibly stimulated CAMP accumulation several hundred-fold over basal levels.Simultaneous addition of forskolin and the padrenergic agonist isoproterenol gave greater than additive (Le.synergistic) responses.Forskolin lowered the Kact for isoproterenol-stimulated CAMP accumulation 2-to %fold and increased maximal response to isoproterenol 8-to 10-fold; isoproterenol decreased the K,,, for forskolin about 10-fold but had a much smaller effect (t2-fold) on maximal response.In competitive binding studies between (-)isoproterenol and [1261]iodocyanopindolol, forskolin more than doubled the fi-action of /%adrenergic receptors in a high affinity (-5-10
Defect Characteristics Of Optical Surfaces Using Pulsed Laser Damage Methods (1986)

Laser damage to optical surfaces, particularly coated surfaces, is typically initiated by material defects that couple strongly to the laser radiation. Knowledge of damage-related defect characteristics is therefore essential to optical material development efforts and to quality control. Such characteristics include individual defect failure levels, defect densities, and content of optically absorbing impurities. Defect failure distributions containing defect density information can be inferred from properly designed laser damage measurements. The data also permit distinctions among different damage mechanisms, including non-defectrelated mechanisms involving the substrate. Inclusions containing volatile, optically absorbing impurities can be detected by mass analysis of laser-desorbed vapors. These methods are described, and examples of results are presented.
Abnormalities of interleukin 2 receptor expression associated with decreased antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in patients with AIDS and related disorders. (1987)

Several parameters of lymphocyte interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) expression in response to tetanus toxoid (TT) were monitored using a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, n = 6), AIDS-related complex (ARC, n = 8), or lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS, n = 9). These parameters, measured on days 6 and 7 of culture, included (a) the percentage of recovered lymphocytes expressing IL-2R, (b) the number of IL-2R-positive cells/lymphocyte trigger region (a relative measure of the number of IL-2R-positive cells per culture), and (c) mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2R-positive cells. Data were then assessed in relation to DNA synthesis on day 7 of culture. Normal DNA synthesis was observed in nine patients (Pt-N group), and the mean values for all three IL-2R expression parameters in this group did not significantly differ from those of the healthy control group (n = 20). In contrast, 14 patients exhibited low proliferation (Pt-L group) and mean values for all three parameters were significantly lower in this group compared to both the Pt-N and control groups. When considering individual patient values, day 7 IL-2R+ cell number proved the best predictor of DNA synthesis results: all 14 patients in the Pt-L group exhibited low IL-2R+ cell number, while seven of nine patients in the Pt-N group exhibited normal IL-2R+ cell number. Thus, low TT-induced lymphocyte proliferation in AIDS and related disorders is associated with defective IL-2R expression. Further, assessment of IL-2R+ cell number appears to be a valid alternative assay for monitored antigen-induced T cell proliferation in vitro.
Both paracetamol and ibuprofen are equally effective in managing flu-like symptoms in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients during interferon beta-1a (AVONEX®) therapy (2002)

Interferon beta-1a is an established therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Adverse effects in the first weeks of treatment are common. This open-label, multicenter, randomized, prospective study compared treatment of flu-like symptoms (FLS) with paracetamol versus ibuprofen administered 48 h within interferon injection. The percentage of patients with FLS was comparable between both treatment groups and improved during the course of the study (baseline: paracetamol 92%, ibuprofen 90%; week 12: paracetamol 60%, ibuprofen 57%). More than 75% of patients receiving either paracetamol or ibuprofen reported no or only mild impairment of daily activities. There was no significant difference in general satisfaction or incidence of additional symptoms (weakness, nausea, headache; paracetamol 84.6% patients, ibuprofen 86.0% patients) between the two groups. A significant overall improvement from baseline to week 12 was observed for all parameters studied (paracetamol and ibuprofen groups were pooled). These results indicate that neither the paracetamol nor the ibuprofen treatment regimen is better.
全IP改造，实现业务转型 TELSTAR的全IP融合传输网已成为其主要战略资产 (2012)

Telstra是澳大利亚领先的固定与无线全业务供应商，拥有并运营着全国最大的有线网络，业务涉及新西兰和包括香港在内的中国等地区。 澳大利亚恶劣的自然环境对电信设备提出了严峻的考验。超远的距离意味着需要花费数天时间才能到达并修复故障的节点。因此灵活性、可伸缩性和易用性成为在全国范围内成功进行主要网络升级的核心要素。
Structure order-disorder and dielectric response in perovskite-related SrO-Fe2O3-Nb2O5 system: The oxygen-deficient composition Sr(Fe1−<i>x</i>Nb<i>x</i>)O2.5+<i>y</i> (<i>x</i>=0.17, 0.25, 0.50) (1993)

Microstructures of materials with composition Sr(Fe1−xNbx)O2.5+y (x=0.17, 0.25, 0.50) have been investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations. XRD data for ceramic samples annealed under different P(O2) conditions could be indexed to a cubic perovskite. Superlattice diffraction spots have been observed by TEM investigation for the samples which were re-equilibrated by a subsequent annealing in a reducing atmosphere. A microdomain model is proposed to describe the observed phenomena. According to the model, the structure of reduced Sr(Fe1−xNbx)O2.5+y with x=0.17, 0.25 is considered to be a result of disordered intergrowth between brownmillerite-type Sr2Fe2O5 domains and perovskite-type Sr(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 domains. Brownmillerite-type domains are formed because of vacancy ordering. The order is extremely short ranged. Electron diffraction patterns constructed in terms of this microdomain model agree well with the observed results. The order-disorder transition can be altered by varying ambient oxygen partial pressures. For both ordered and disordered samples the frequency-domain dielectric response as a function of temperature is reported. Directly measured complex conductivity Y(ω) has been transformed by Kramers–Kronig relations in order to subtract the disturbances of G(0) and C(∞). The transformed temperature dependences have been further normalized and re-expressed in the form of master curves. For all the samples measured, the frequency-domain dielectric response deviates from the Debye model but follows the so-called universal power law behavior. The dielectric spectra for the samples in which brownmillerite-type ordering is identified show an anomalous low-frequency dispersion, while for the disordered samples, the relaxation behavior with a loss peak is observed. The variation of spectra shape with composition indicates that increasing Nb content tends to weaken the cooperative many-body interactions and causes the dielectric behavior to approach the Debye model.
Modulation of the Two-pore Domain Acid-sensitive K+ Channel TASK-2 (KCNK5) by Changes in Cell Volume (2001)

The molecular identity of K(+) channels involved in Ehrlich cell volume regulation is unknown. A background K(+) conductance is activated by cell swelling and is also modulated by extracellular pH. These characteristics are most similar to those of newly emerging TASK (TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) channels)-type of two pore-domain K(+) channels. mTASK-2, but not TASK-1 or -3, is present in Ehrlich cells and mouse kidney tissue from where the full coding sequences were obtained. Heterologous expression of mTASK-2 cDNA in HEK-293 cells generated K(+) currents in the absence intracellular Ca(2+). Exposure to hypotonicity enhanced mTASK-2 currents and osmotic cell shrinkage led to inhibition. This occurred without altering voltage dependence and with only slight decrease in pK(a) in hypotonicity but no change in hypertonicity. Replacement with other cations yields a permselectivity sequence for mTASK-2 of K(+) > Rb(+) Cs(+) > NH(4)(+) > Na(+) congruent with Li(+), similar to that for the native conductance (I(K, vol)). Clofilium, a quaternary ammonium blocker of I(K, vol), blocked the mTASK-2-mediated K(+) current with an IC(50) of 25 microm. The presence of mTASK-2 in Ehrlich cells, its functional similarities with I(K, vol), and its modulation by changes in cell volume suggest that this two-pore domain K(+) channel participates in the regulatory volume decrease phenomenon.
Kinetic modeling of data eviction in cache (2016)

The reuse distance (LRU stack distance) is an essential metric for performance prediction and optimization of storage and CPU cache. Over the last four decades, there have been steady improvements in the algorithmic efficiency of reuse distance measurement. This progress is accelerating in recent years both in theory and practical implementation.

In this paper, we present a kinetic model of LRU cache memory, based on the average eviction time (AET) of the cached data. The AET model enables fast measurement and low-cost sampling. It can produce the miss ratio curve (MRC) in linear time with extremely low space costs. On both CPU and storage benchmarks, AET reduces the time and space costs compare to former techniques. Furthermore, AET is a composable model that can characterize shared cache behavior through modeling individual programs.
Scr-Based Advanced Esd Protection Device For Low Voltage Application (2015)

This paper proposed a silicon controller rectifier (SCR)<br> based ESD protection device to protect low voltage ESD for integrated<br> circuit. The proposed ESD protection device has low trigger voltage<br> and high holding voltage compared with conventional SCR-based<br> ESD protection devices. The proposed ESD protection circuit is<br> verified and compared by TCAD simulation. This paper verified<br> effective low voltage ESD characteristics with low trigger voltage of<br> 5.79V and high holding voltage of 3.5V through optimization<br> depending on design variables (D1, D2, D3 and D4).
Theoretical investigation of the transverse optical force between a silicon nanowire waveguide and a substrate (2009)

We present a study of transverse optical forces arising in a free-standing silicon nanowire waveguide. A theoretical framework is provided for the calculation of the optical forces existing between a waveguide and a dielectric substrate. The force is evaluated using a numerical procedure based on finite-element simulations. In addition, an analytical formalism is developed which allows for a simple approximate analysis of the problem. We find that in this configuration optical forces on the order of pN can be obtained, sufficient to actuate nano-mechanical devices.
Stereo matching in the presence of sub-pixel calibration errors (2009)

Stereo matching commonly requires rectified images that are computed from calibrated cameras. Since all underlying parametric camera models are only approximations, calibration and rectification will never be perfect. Additionally, it is very hard to keep the calibration perfectly stable in application scenarios with large temperature changes and vibrations. We show that even small calibration errors of a quarter of a pixel are severely amplified on certain structures. We discuss a robotics and a driver assistance example where sub-pixel calibration errors cause severe problems. We propose a filter solution based on signal theory that removes critical structures and makes stereo algorithms less sensitive to calibration errors. Our approach does not aim to correct decalibration, but rather to avoid amplifications and mismatches. Experiments on ten stereo pairs with ground truth and simulated decalibrations as well as images from robotics and driver assistance scenarios demonstrate the success and limitations of our solution that can be combined with any stereo method.
Regulation of cGMP-specific Phosphodiesterase (PDE5) Phosphorylation in Smooth Muscle Cells (2002)

Nitric oxide and endogenous nitrovasodilators regulate smooth muscle tone by elevation of cGMP and activation of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). The amplitude and duration of the cGMP signal in smooth muscle is regulated in large part by cGMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE5). Previous in vitro data have suggested that both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and PKG can regulate the activity of PDE5. To test if this type of regulation is important in the intact cell, we have generated phospho-PDE5-specific antisera and have utilized isolated smooth muscle cells from mice having a disruption in the PKG I gene as well as cells from normal human smooth muscle. The data show that in human smooth muscle cells, activation of PKG by 8-Br-cGMP led to phosphorylation and activation of PDE5. In the same cells, 8-Br-cAMP had no significant effect on PDE5 phosphorylation. Treatment of wild-type mouse aortic smooth muscle cells with 8-Br-cGMP also induced the phosphorylation of PDE5, whereas no phosphorylation was seen in smooth muscle cells isolated from mice in which the gene for PKG I had been disrupted. As with the human cells, no phosphorylation was seen in the mouse cells in response to 8-Br-cAMP. These results strongly suggest that a major regulatory pathway for control of PDE5 phosphorylation and activity in intact smooth muscle is via PKG-dependent phosphorylation of PDE5. Finally, experiments with calyculin A and okadaic acid suggest that PP1 phosphatase, the catalytic subunit of myosin phosphatase, can regulate PDE5 dephosphorylation. Together, the data suggest that phosphorylation and activation of PDE5 by PKG I and its subsequent dephosphorylation by myosin phosphatase may be key steps in the regulation of relaxation/contraction cycles of smooth muscle.
Strong surface scattering in ultrahigh-mobility<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Bi</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Se</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>topological insulator crystals (2010)

While evidence of a topologically nontrivial surface state has been identified in surface-sensitive measurements of ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Se}}_{3}$, a significant experimental concern is that no signatures have been observed in bulk transport. In a search for such states, nominally undoped single crystals of ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Se}}_{3}$ with carrier densities approaching ${10}^{16}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and very high mobilities exceeding $2\text{ }{\text{m}}^{2}\text{ }{\text{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ have been studied. A comprehensive analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, Hall effect, and optical reflectivity indicates that the measured electrical transport can be attributed solely to bulk states, even at 50 mK at low Landau-level filling factor, and in the quantum limit. The absence of a significant surface contribution to bulk conduction demonstrates that even in very clean samples, the surface mobility is lower than that of the bulk, despite its topological protection.
Anti-inflammatory constituents of topically applied crude drugs. III. Constituents and anti-inflammatory effect of paraguayan crude drug "tamanda cuna" (Catasetum barbatum Lindle). (1988)

The 70% EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Catasetum barbatum LINDLE showed inhibitory effects on carrageenin-induced paw edema when topically applied to rats and on histamine-induced contraction in guinea pig ileum.Four compounds including a new phenanthrene, 2, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4, 8-trimethoxyphenanthrene (2), were isolated from the active fraction. 2, 7-Dihydroxy-3, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (1) showed inhibitory effects in both biological assays.
3-D TCAD simulation to optimize the trench termination design for higher and robust BVdss (2016)

Optimizing the edge termination design around the periphery of active area is critically important for achieving the highest and stable breakdown voltage (BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSS</sub> ) for any power devices. Active cell structures can be assumed as two dimensional (2-D) in the central part of the die, however as the active cells terminate to the termination regions at the periphery of the die, 2-D and 3-D transition regions are formed at different locations of the die layout with respect to the last edge termination trench. Optimization of the 3-D termination region is imperative to ascertain equal or higher BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSS</sub> of the termination region than the active cell region. Synopsys advanced multi-dimensional TCAD device simulation tool - “Sentaurus Device Editor (SDE) [1]” is adopted for designing and optimizing the 3-D termination transition region for a higher and robust BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSS</sub> , which is validated by the experimental data.
Altered vagal and intestinal mechanosensory function in chronic unexplained dyspepsia (1998)

The diminished PP response after insulin hypoglycaemia indicates disturbed efferent vagal function in a subgroup of patients with functional dyspepsia. The data also suggest that the intact vagal nerve may exert an antinociceptive visceral effect.
Organotellurium compounds as stabilizers for polymeric materials (1996)

The thermal stability of a series of organotellurium compounds was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and the stabilizing capacity of the most heat-resistant compounds assessed in natural rubber, polyethylene, and polypropylene by measurement of the oxidative induction time (OIT). The most active compounds, bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]telluride (5) and bis[2,6-dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]telluride (10) stabilized natural rubber considerably at the 1% level and even more so at the 2% level. A similar stabilizing effect of compound 5 was found in polyethylene and polypropylene at the 0.1% level. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen and Sulfur by Low‐Temperature Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide in an Aqueous Alkaline Solution (1990)

Electrolysis of hydrogen sulfide to its constituents in a solution containing equimolar concentrations of and has been carried out at 80°C. In a double‐compartment cell employing Nafion membrane as a separator, both crystalline elemental sulfur and high‐purity hydrogen have been produced at high current efficiencies. Only minimal, if any, passivation of the anode by sulfur product was observed. According to solution composition, electrolysis could result in gas evolution at the anode, passivation of the anode by sulfur deposition, or oxidation of sulfide (S2−) or polysulfide to sulfur oxyanions. However, in an optimized solution, electrolysis gave only anodic sulfur via bisulfide (HS−) and sulfide oxidation. Voltammetric and chronopotentiometric studies showed that sulfide, bisulfide, and polysulfide oxidation occurred at about the same potential.
Characterization of the Zinc Binding Site in Methionine Synthase Enzymes of <i>Escherichia coli</i>:  The Role of Zinc in the Methylation of Homocysteine (1998)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy, using the analytical methodology described in the previous paper, has been used to determine the ligation of the essential zinc ions in cobalamin-dependent (MetH) and cobalamin-independent (MetE) methionine synthases from Escherichia coli and to probe directly the changes in zinc ligation that occur upon addition of the thiol substrate, homocysteine, to each enzyme. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of native MetE and a truncated fragment of MetH containing the substrate-binding sites are consistent with ZnS2(N/O)2 and ZnS3(N/O) ligation, respectively. Previous mutagenesis studies of the homocysteine binding region of MetH had identified two putative thiolate zinc ligands, Cys310 and Cys311. Since the EXAFS spectra indicate that the zinc is coordinated to three sulfur ligands derived from the protein, a third conserved cysteine, Cys247, was mutated to alanine, resulting in a MetH fragment that binds only 0.09 equiv of zinc per mol of protein and exhibits no methylcobalamin-homocysteine methyltransferase activity. Upon addition of l-homocysteine, the X-ray absorption near edge structure changes for both enzymes, and the EXAFS spectra show changes consistent with the coordination of a sulfur, giving a ZnS3(N/O) site for MetE and a ZnS4 site for MetH. Only the l-homocysteine enantiomer causes these effects; the addition of d-homocysteine to MetH(2-649) gives no detectable changes in the EXAFS or the near edge regions. These results are consistent with a mechanism in which the homocysteine is ligated to zinc. Homocysteine is then able to initiate nucleophilic attack on the methyl group needed for methionine formation, with the methyl group bound either to methylcobalamin in MetH or to a polyglutamate derivative of methyltetrahydrofolate in MetE.