gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune modulation of some autoimmune diseases: the critical role of macrophages and neutrophils in the innate and adaptive immunity (2017)

Macrophages and neutrophils are key components involved in the regulation of numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, infectious disorders, and especially certain autoimmune disease. However, little is known regarding the contribution of these cells to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Recent studies have aimed to clarify certain important factors affecting the immunogenicity of these cells, including the type and dose of antigen, the microenvironment of the cell-antigen encounter, and the number, subset, and phenotype of these cells, which can prevent or induce autoimmune responses. This review highlights the role of macrophage subsets and neutrophils in injured tissues, supporting their cooperation during the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases.
Implementation of an XML-Based Multimedia Pests Information System for USN Environment (2009)

The tremendous interest of pests' information in agriculture fields has been highly rising for better quality and quantity of garden products. In this paper, we propose an XML-based multimedia pests information system (XMPIS) that can easily and flexibly aggregate various interested multimedia information of pests such as pests attach condition and optimal growth condition for garden products within greenhouse based on constructed wireless sensor networks in ubiquitous agriculture (u-Agriculture). The XMPIS system can provide various system services such as greenhouse monitoring service, pests predication service, pests information management service, real-time video streaming service of greenhouse, multimedia information retrieval service for pests using our XMPIS system. To verify the good capability of our XMPIS system, we implemented GUI interface corresponding desktop and PDA mobile platform based on real greenhouse model.
Glutathione Metabolism during Aging and in Alzheimer Disease (2004)

The concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular nonprotein thiol and important antioxidant, declines with age and in some age-related diseases. The underlying mechanism, however, is not clear. The previous studies from our laboratory showed that the age-dependent decline in GSH content in Fisher 344 rats was associated with a downregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis. Our recent studies further indicated that the activity and mRNA content of glutathione synthase (GS), which catalyzes the second reaction in de novo GSH synthesis, were also decreased with age in some tissues. No age-associated change was observed in glutathione reductase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Also, although GSH content declined with age in both male and female mice, male mice experienced more dramatic age-associated decline in many tissues/organs than female mice. Furthermore, we found that GSH content was significantly decreased in the red blood cells from male Alzheimer disease patients, which was associated with decreases in GCL and GS activities. Finally, we showed that estrogen increased GSH content, GS and GR activities, and GCL gene expression in the liver of both male and female mice. Taken together, our results suggest that (1) GCL plays a critical role in maintaining GSH homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions; (2) decreased GSH content may be involved in AD pathology in humans; and (3) estrogen increases GSH content in mice by multiple mechanisms.
Model‐Informed Drug Discovery and Development: Current Industry Good Practice and Regulatory Expectations and Future Perspectives (2018)

Good practices around model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3) aim to improve the implementation, standardization, and acceptance of these approaches within drug development and regulatory review. A survey targeted to clinical pharmacology and pharmacometric colleagues across industry, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) was conducted to understand current and future roles of MID3. The documented standards were generally affirmed as a "good match" to current industry practice and regulatory expectations, with some identified gaps that are discussed. All have seen at least a "modest" step forward in MID3 implementation associated with greater organizational awareness and share the expectation for a future wider use and impact. The priority within organizations was identified as a limitation with respect to the future of MID3. Finally, potential solutions, including a global overarching MID3 regulatory guideline, to facilitate greater acceptance by industry and regulatory decision makers are discussed.
GPU-Based Realistic Fur Rendering (2006)

Based on the multi-layer textures approach, a new method of rendering real-time fur is proposed. The method takes full advantage of the new features of current Graphic Processing Units to compute the lighting of fur precisely and fast. More importantly, the self-shadow effect of fur and the soft shadow phenomenon over fur are simulated successfully, which enhances the rendering effects greatly. Experiments show that the method can deal with moderate models in real-time, which is very valuable for the applications of fur in many fields, such as cinema, video game and virtual reality etc.
[Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (fungus ball type, mural thickness type)]. (1997)

Systemic or topical treatment with antifungal agents are applied for the treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (fungus ball type, mural thickness type). Recently, the concomitant treatment with elastase inhibitor has been studied for the purpose of relieving tissue destruction by inhibiting elastase derived from aspergillus species. In the present study, we have examined the clinical effect of the topical treatment with Amphotericin B in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and the concomitant use of Ulinastatin has also been examined in patients with symptoms such as hemosputum and hemoptysis. Amphotericin B was administered by transcatheter intracavity injection or transbronchial intrapulmonary injection. In some patients, inhalation was concomitantly employed. Amphotericin B was challenged by inhalation before starting the topical treatment, and if the patient experienced an asthma like attack, the present therapies were not conducted. Ulinastatin was administered by intravenous drip infusion concomitantly with antifungal agents and hemostatics. As a result, improvements regarding antifungal effects and clinical symptoms were found in 12 out of 15 patients treated with Amphotericin B. Further, early disappearance of hemosputum and hemoptysis was seen in 11 out of 23 episodes in 14 patients concomitantly treated with Ulinastatin. The treatment-related side effects, leading to discontinuation of those therapies, did not occur. Immunoresponse of allergy was studied in the patients ineligible for Amphotericin B topical treatment and the non-responders to Ulinastatin, and aspergillus specific IgE antibodies in serum were increased in the majority of patients. From the above results, it is desirable to carry out the topical treatment in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Also, it was considered valuable to apply the concomitant treatment with Ulinastatin, elastase inhibitor, to patients with severe clinical symptoms of hemosputum and hemoptysis.
Re-examining the relationship between audiometric profile and tinnitus pitch (2011)

Our findings concerning subjects with narrow tinnitus bandwidth suggest that this can be used as an a priori inclusion criterion. A large group of such subjects should be tested to confirm these results.
Correlating optical absorption and thermal conductivity in diamond (1993)

The presence of defects in diamond induces one-phonon infrared absorption which is not allowed in the perfect crystal due to symmetry. Concomitantly the thermal conductivity is reduced by additional phonon-defect scattering. For single crystal diamonds irradiated with fast neutrons, we find a correlation between the one-phonon absorption and the room-temperature thermal conductivity valid over three orders of magnitude in defect concentration. This relation holds for both unannealed and annealed crystals for which the detailed configuration of defects is different, as well as for a synthetic diamond film containing a similar type of disorder. Infrared absorption can thus be used to determine the thermal conductivity of diamonds containing vacancy-related defect centers.
Addition of Trimethylsilyl Enol Ethers to Quinolinium Salts: A Facile Synthesis of Methyl 2-(2-Oxoalkyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline-1-carboxylates and Their Cyclization (1984)

The addition of trimethylsilyl en01 ethers ( g ) to l-alkoxycarbonylquinoliniurn salts (4) afforded a mixture of l-alkoxycarbonyl-2-(2-oxoalkyl or alkoxycarbony1)-1,2-dihydroquinolines (;1) and the corresponding 1,4-dihydroquinollnes ($) in high total yield (85-992).The regioselectivity ( ;1/$ = 2.3-19 ) was examined carefully.The easily separated main products (;1) were treated with sodium hydride
Tutorial on Incremental Stability Analysis using Contraction Theory (2010)

This paper introduces a methodology for differential nonlinear stability analysis using contraction theory The methodology includes four distinct steps: the descriptions of two systems to be compared (the plant and the observer in the case of observer convergence analysis, the plant and the controller in the case of tracking controller analysis), the definition of an abstract system common to the two systems and denoted as the "virtual system", and the convergence study of the virtual system using its virtual dynamics representation. The approach is illustrated on several simple examples.
Folding 2D Structures into 3D Configurations at the Micro/Nanoscale: Principles, Techniques, and Applications (2018)

Compared to their 2D counterparts, 3D micro/nanostructures show larger degrees of freedom and richer functionalities; thus, they have attracted increasing attention in the past decades. Moreover, extensive applications of 3D micro/nanostructures are demonstrated in the fields of mechanics, biomedicine, optics, etc., with great advantages. However, the mainstream micro/nanofabrication technologies are planar ones; therefore, they cannot be used directly for the construction of 3D micro/nanostructures, making 3D fabrication at the micro/nanoscale a great challenge. A promising strategy to overcome this is to combine the state-of-the-art planar fabrication techniques with the folding method to produce 3D structures. In this strategy, 2D components can be easily produced by traditional planar techniques, and then, 3D structures are constructed by folding each 2D component to specific orientations. In this way, not only will the advantages of existing planar techniques, such as high precision, programmable patterning, and mass production, be preserved, but the fabrication capability will also be greatly expanded without complex and expensive equipment modification/development. The goal here is to highlight the recent progress of the folding method from the perspective of principles, techniques, and applications, as well as to discuss the existing challenges and future prospectives.
Real-time visual tracking using correlation techniques (2002)

A real-time correspondence based tracking algorithm is detailed. The system uses a pipeline processor, a general purpose processor, a camera and a display. The Minimum Noise and Correlation Energy (MINACE) filter is used in the tracking algorithm as it provides a good combination of speed, accuracy and flexibility for the targeted hardware system. The system designed is fast and tracking is accomplished at a rate of 15 hz. The system is adaptive and does not rely on a previous model of the object; the training image for filter synthesis is acquired from previous image frames and the filter is synthesized online to accommodate 3-D variations of the target being tracked. The system tracks an object consistently as is demonstrated by the low deviation of the results in the evaluation. The correlation filter-based tracking algorithm has proved to be useful in our research in cooperative mobile robots. A visual servoing system has been implemented using this tracking algorithm for convoying of multiple mobile robots.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
First Old World record of the moth family Arrhenophanidae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea). (1991)

The presence of a new genus and two new species of the tineoid family Arrhenophanidae is reported from the central mountains of Taiwan. This constitutes the first record of the family for the Old World. A summary of the diagnostic features of the family is also provided.
The use of banthine in the treatment of digestive disturbances. (1952)

Banthine(R) was used in the treatment of patients with various diseases, organic and functional, of the gastrointestinal tract. Good response was obtained in a high proportion of cases of duodenal, stomal and gastric ulcer, and of hypertrophic gastritis. In some instances, patients who did not have good response at first were relieved later when the size of doses and the dosage schedule were adjusted to fit their particular needs.Some patients "felt so well" during Banthine therapy that they departed from prescribed diet and violated injunctions against use of alcohol and tobacco, and symptoms recurred. Nine patients with history of recurrent bouts of pain from ulcer for several years took small doses of Banthine constantly, or occasionally at times of stress, as a prophylactic measure after the symptoms were relieved by therapeutic doses. None of them had recurrence while following the prophylactic regimen. In most of the cases of peptic ulcer in which the response was recorded as "poor," it was because distressing side-effects dictated discontinuance of the drug. Several elderly male patients had severe urinary retention. Paralytic ileus developed postoperatively in one patient who was receiving Banthine. Less severe side reactions-dry mouth, blurring of vision, urinary slowing - were for the most part transient. Few patients with functional indigestion, chronic non-specific colitis or regional enteritis were relieved. Most of the patients with functional indigestion reported exacerbation of symptoms when Banthine was given. This was believed to be based on emotional reaction to the hypomotility induced by the drug.
Eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge is associated with the release of the chemokine RANTES into asthmatic airways (1996)

Eosinophil infiltration of the airways in response to allergen exposure is a characteristic of bronchial asthma. However, the mechanisms by which these cells are recruited are poorly understood. We have investigated the presence of eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from allergic asthmatics (n = 6) 4 h after endobronchial allergen challenge. ECA was purified by sequential heparin affinity chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. A single peak of ECA was detected; SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the peak contained a protein of 8 kDa and corresponded to the chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted). Consistent with this, the ECA was neutralized by an Ab to RANTES. Measurement of RANTES by ELISA in 10x concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed increased levels of this chemokine at the allergen site (median, 187 pg/ml; range, 46-263 pg/ml) in comparison with a saline challenge control site (median, 32.5 pg/ml; range, 11-94 pg/ml), P < 0.005. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between concentrations of immunoreactive RANTES and the number of eosinophils at the allergen challenge site (r = 0.8; p < 0.001), but not at the saline site (r = 0.2; p = 0.12). These results suggest that RANTES in involved in the recruitment of eosinophils into the asthmatic airways after allergen challenge.
Phase-shifting grating projection moire´ topography (1998)

A phase-shifting projection moire´ method particularly intended
for high-speed three-dimensional inspection of fine objects is presented.
Emphasis is on realization of phase-shifting fringe analysis in
projection moire´ topography using a set of line grating pairs designed to
provide different phase shifts in sequence. Further, a time-integral fringe
capturing scheme is devised to remove undesirable high-frequency original
grating patterns in real time without time-consuming software image
processing. Finally, the performances of the proposed method are discussed
with measurement results.
Non-native English speech recognition using bilingual English lexicon and acoustic models (2003)

This paper proposes an English speech recognition system which can recognize both non-native (i.e. Japanese) and native English speaker's pronunciation of English speech. The system uses a bilingual pronunciation lexicon in which each word has both English and Japanese phoneme transcriptions. The Japanese transcription is constructed considering typical Japanese pronunciation of English. Japanese and English acoustic models are used in recognizing both transcriptions, and the highest-likelihood word sequence obtained in combining with native English- and Japanese-pronounced words is the recognition results. Continuous speech recognition experiments show that the proposed system greatly improves Japanese-English speech recognition performance while maintaining the same performance levels as that of a purely native English recognition system.
MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSORS FOR NAVIGATION (1989)

For car navigation systems two sensors are necessary. A compass sensor measures the orientation of the car relative to the earth. Wheel sensors deliver information on movement and direction. Sensors based on magneto-resistive effect can be used with advantage for both tasks. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 850768.
Metabolization of iron by plant cells using O-Trensox, a high-affinity abiotic iron-chelating agent (1995)

A synthetic siderophore, O-Trensox (L), has been designed and synthesized to improve iron nutrition of plants. The affinity for iron of this ligand [pFe(III) = 29.5 and pFe(II) = 17.9] is very high compared with EDTA. In spite of its high and specific affinity for iron, O-Trensox was found to be able to prevent, and to reverse, iron chlorosis in several plant species grown in axenic conditions. It also allows the iron nutrition and growth of Acer pseudoplatanus L. cell suspensions. The rate of iron metabolization was monitored by 59Fe radioiron. Ferritins, the iron storage proteins, are shown to be the first iron-labelled proteins during iron metabolization and to be able to further dispatch the metal. Using Fe(III)-Trensox, the rate of iron incorporation into ferritin was found to be higher than when using Fe-EDTA, but slower than with Fe-citrate, the natural iron carrier in xylem. During a plant cell culture, the extracellular concentrations of iron complex and free ligand were measured; changes in their relative amounts showed that the iron complex is dissociated extracellularly and that only iron is internalized. This suggests a high affinity for iron of a putative carrier on the plasmalemma. In contrast with Fe-citrate and Fe-EDTA complexes, Fe(III)-Trensox is not photoreducible. Its ability to induce radical damage as a Fenton reagent was tested using supercoiled DNA as target molecule. Unlike Fe-citrate and Fe-EDTA, Fe(II)-Trensox and Fe(III)-Trensox were proven to be harmless even during ascorbate-driven reduction, while Fe-EDTA and Fe-citrate generate heavy damage to DNA.
Time-Course Change of Testicular Toxicity with Thiamphenicol in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. (2003)

A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with thiamphenicol (TAP) at 200 mg/kg/day for up to 4 weeks followed by 10 weeks recovery. At each week of treatment, 5 of them were examined weights of the testis and accessory genital glands, histology, staging analysis, and measurements of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (TES). At weeks 3 and 10 of recovery, 5 of them were quantified sperm counts and motility in addition to examinations of organ weights and histology. Cell proliferation activity was assessed at week 10 of recovery. Another group of 10 animals was provided as the vehicle control and examined the same parameters as mentioned above at week 4 of treatment or at week 10 of recovery. Weights of the seminal vesicles and prostate were significantly decreased during the treatment but showed a remarkable recovery after cessation of dosing. The testicular weights decreased rather mildly during the treatment but kept decreasing during the recovery period. In histology, damage of germ cells included apoptosis of germ cells, frequent occurrence of giant cells, and vacuolar spaces in the seminiferous tubules. In staging analysis, the first decreased indices were observed in spermatogonia (type B spermatogonia) in stage V and preleptotene spermatocytes in stage VII at week 2 of treatment. During recovery, an intact seminiferous tubule was seen neighboring to the other one showing “Sertoli only syndrome”. Cell proliferation activity was preserved in isolated cells on the basement membrane of “Sertoli only syndrome” seminiferous tubules. Considerable recovery was observed in sperm counts and motility. Serum TES and LH were decreased at week 4 of treatment but no effects on FSH. It is most likely that Sertoli cells are the primary target in TAP toxicity.
On B-tree Indices for Skewed Distributions (2018)

It is often the case that the set of values over which a B-Tree is constructed has a skewed distribution. We present a geometric growth technique to manage postings records in such cases, and show that the performance of such a technique is better than that of a straightforward fixed length postings list: It guarantees 1 disk access on searching, and it takes a fraction of the space that its competitor requires (55% to 66%, in our experiments).
A Helium Cryostat (1946)

A helium cryostat which is cooled by the isentropic expansion of helium without the aid of liquid air or other refrigerant provides a cold chamber for experiments at any temperature down to 2°K. Any gas can be liquefied and delivered to external receivers as desired. Three expansion devices are described. One is a diaphragm engine having a mechanically supported diaphragm and unusual valves which require no valve gear. The others are piston‐cylinder‐crankshaft assemblies in which leakage is controlled by extreme close fitting of piston to cylinder, and in which wear of unlubricated surfaces is avoided by constructing the piston and cylinder of nitrided alloy steel and by mounting the piston on a thin flexible piston rod which operates under tension. The piston thereby has enough freedom to permit perfect alignment within the cylinder.
Early DNA Synthesis and Cytokine Expression in the Nickel Activation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Nickel-Allergic Subjects (2000)

Our results indicate a difference between nickel-allergic and non-allergic subjects in the synthesis of DNA and production of cytokines when PBMC are stimulated by nickel sulphate, and IL-2 may be regarded as a critical and early-occurring cytokine.