gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Optimum Formulation of a Novel Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Vaccine Constructed by Mixing Bursal Disease Antibody with IBDV (1995)

A novel vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been developed. The new vaccine was constructed by mixing bursal disease antibody (BDA) contained in whole antiserum with live IBDV before lyophilization. To establish various formulations of BDA and IBDV, several BDA doses between 5 units and 80 units of BDA/50 microliters were mixed with 100 EID50/50 microliters of IBDV suspension in Expt. 1; in Expt. 2, several IBDV doses between 10 EID50/50 microliters and 977 EID50/50 microliters of IBDV suspension were mixed with 24 units of BDA/50 microliters. Vaccine preparations were administered subcutaneously to the nape of 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Safety, potency, and immunogenicity of the different vaccine formulations were evaluated using bursal weight, bursal gross examination, and IBDV antibody titer. Some bursae were examined histologically to confirm gross examinations. Several vaccine formulations were safe and efficacious and met the safety, potency, and immunogenicity criteria. A vaccine construct of 100 EID50 mixed with 24 units of BDA was selected as the release dose. When administered at 1 day of age, the novel vaccine allows for delayed infection of the bursa until after days 6-8 of age in SPF chicks, while initiating potency and immunogenicity to an IBDV challenge. The addition of BDA to the IBDV results in a complex vaccine that allows for safer immunization in SPF birds than under administration of the vaccine virus without BDA.
Comparison of the effectiveness of saturation pulses in the heart at 3T (2007)

Cardiac MRI at 3T provides a means to increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for first-pass perfusion MRI. However, both the static magnetic field (B(0)) and radio frequency (RF) field (B(1)) variations within the heart are comparatively higher at 3T than at 1.5T. The increased field variations can degrade the performance of a single rectangular saturation pulse that is conventionally used for magnetization preparation. The accuracy of T(1)-weighted signal measurement depends on the uniformity of the magnetization saturation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of the rectangular, pulse train, and adiabatic composite (BIR-4) saturation pulses in the human heart at 3T. In volunteers, after nominal saturation, the mean residual magnetization within the left ventricle (LV) was different between all three pulses (0.13 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.01, respectively; P < 0.001). Within paired groups, the mean residual magnetization was significantly higher for the rectangular pulse than for either the pulse train and BIR-4 pulses (P < 0.001), but not different between the pulse train and BIR-4 pulses. The performances of all three saturation pulses were comparatively poorer in the right ventricle (RV) than in the LV, respectively.
Ueber die Einwirkung von Chlorkohlensäureäther auf Natriumcyamid (1877)

CN COOH betrachtet werden kann, oder saure: C als Glycolylharnstoff: (C, H,0)"H2 CN, 0, und als Typus gelten mag.Die Frage, welcher dieser beiden Formeln der Vorzug einzuraumen sei, suchte vor langerer Zeit D r e c h s e l l ) auf synthetischem Wege LU losen, indem er durch Einwirkung van Monochloressigather auf Natriumcyamid Cyamidoessigiither und hieraus die Saure
Probing the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase_1 in hepatic insulin resistance (2006)

Previous studies using stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1-deficient (SCD1-deficient) mice have shown that this enzyme plays an important role in many diseases of altered cellular metabolism including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Although SCD1 activity is highest in lipogenic tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, it is also present at lower levels in most tissues. To better understand the role of SCD1 in liver metabolism it is necessary to explore SCD1 deficiency in a more focused, tissue-specific manner. This commentary focuses on 2 recent studies published in the JCI that address this question using antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of SCD1. First, Jiang et al. have previously reported that long-term inhibition of SCD1 prevents the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Second, Gutiérrez-Juárez et al. show in this issue that short-term inhibition of hepatic SCD1 is sufficient to prevent diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance, signifying an important role of hepatic SCD1 in liver insulin sensitivity (see related article beginning on page 1686).
EXXON STUDY SHOWS COMPLIANT PILED TOWER COST BENEFITS (1986)

A compliant tower is a slender tubular steel structure of relatively constant cross section over its height. Unlike a rigid jacket or gravity structure it is designed such that its fundamental natural period is greater than that of the ocean waves, so that much of the wave loading on the tower is resisted by its inertia rather than being imposed on other structural elements. A study undertaken by Exxon Production Research Co. has shown that for water depths of 1,000 to 3,000 ft and functional and environmental conditions typical of the Gulf of Mexico a new Compliant Piled Tower design is considerably less expensive than five alternative compliant tower designs considered. This design comprises a fabricated steel tower with a uniform square cross section; long piles are installed around the periphery of each corner leg and extend upward along the legs to an attachment point considerably above the mudline. For deepwater designs these piles are attached near the structure's midpoint, while for shallower applications they are extended to the surface inside sleeves that have the effect of increasing their length. No expensive guylines or large buoyancy tanks are required. The results for each of the six different designs compared in the study are summarised.
Survey of 548 oncogenic fusion transcripts in thyroid tumors supports the importance of the already established thyroid fusions genes (2012)

Neoplasms frequently present structural chromosomal aberrations that can alter the level of expression of a protein or to the expression of an aberrant chimeric protein. In the thyroid, the PAX8-PPARG fusion is present in the neoplastic lesions that have a follicular architecture-follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), and less frequently in follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), while the presence of RET/PTC fusions are largely restricted to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The ability to detect fusion genes is relevant for a correct diagnosis and for therapy. We have developed a new fusion gene microarray-based approach for simultaneous analysis of all known and predicted fusion gene variants. We did a comprehensive screen for 548 known and putative fusion genes in 27 samples of thyroid tumors and three positive controls-one thyroid cancer cell line (TPC-1) and two PTCs with known CCDC6-RET (alias RET/PTC1) fusion gene, using this microarray. Within the thyroid tumors tested, only well known, previously reported fusion genes in thyroid oncology were identified. Our results reinforce the pathogenic role played by RET/PTC1, RET/PTC3, and PAX8-PPARG fusion genes in thyroid tumorigenesis.
Standoff and Miniature Chemical Vapor Detectors Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (2010)

Trace gas sensing and analysis by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has become a robust and reliable technology accepted for industrial process monitoring and control, quality assurance, environmental sensing, plant safety, and infrastructure security. Sensors incorporating well-packaged wavelength-stabilized near-IR (1.2-2.0 ¿m) laser sources sense over a dozen toxic or industrially-important gases. Recently developed mid-IR lasers, particularly quantum cascade devices spanning wavelengths of 3-12 ¿m, can sense in real-time sub-parts per million concentrations of many hydrocarbons.A large emerging application for TDLAS is standoff sensing of chemical vapors, e.g., leaks from natural gas pipelines. Employing a 10-mW DFB laser, the eye-safe, battery-powered, 6-lb handheld remote methane leak detector illuminates a noncooperative topographic surface and analyzes returned scattered light to deduce the presence of excess methane. For aerial surveying, replacing the handheld transceiver with a large-aperture telescope and adding an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to the laser transmitter extends the standoff distance to 3000 m. By selecting a laser source having an appropriate wavelength, the standoff TDLAS tool detects trace concentrations of nonmethane hazardous gases, including several high-priority toxic industrial compounds and emissions from illicit chemical production laboratories. This paper also describes concepts for miniature integrated optic TDLAS sensors that combine a laser source, sampling section, and detector on a monolithic semiconductor materials system substrate. Such chip-scale low-power integrated optic gas-phase chemical sensors may enable low-cost mass production, so that many hundreds or thousands of such sensors can be distributed cost-effectively over a wide area of interest and communicate via wireless networks.
Prólogo (2012)

Al recibir la invitación para introducir este libro como un observador externo, no especialista en el espacio tratado, los editores buscaban un juicio quizás alejado de la contingencia y, en consecuencia, asumir ciertas reflexiones desde lo más meridional de los Andes. Por cierto, es un privilegio leer estos escritos de colegas en su gran mayoría peruanos y norteamericanos dedicados al “mundo” Circuntitikaka, donde ocurrió un conjunto de cambios civilizatorios que emergieron desde sociedades ...
Sp.1 SPAIN (1996)

Legislation applicable to contracts concluded abroad by Spanish nationals with a Spanish undertaking HEADNOTES Facts The CCOO (Comisiones Obreras) union of public administration employees had submitted to the Social Chamber of the Audiencia Nacional a labour dispute with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other public bodies; it sought the holding of elections for workers' representatives in Spanish embassies and consulates abroad. Its petition spelt out the claim as calling for "elections abroad for the establishment of workers' committees, provided that in States in which there is more than one mission there shall be one single electoral unit". In
Codebook-Based Training Beam Sequence Design for Millimeter-Wave Tracking Systems (2019)

In this paper, we propose a codebook-based beam tracking strategy for mobile millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, where the temporal variation of the angle of departure (AoD) is considered. A closed-form upper bound of the average tracking error probability (ATEP) is derived and further optimized. We first consider a slow-varying scenario where narrow training beams implemented by single radio-frequency (RF) chain are employed. We show that the ATEP can be reduced by optimizing the power allocation strategy over these training beams, which is formulated and transformed into a second-order cone programming. The fast-varying scenario is further considered where the use of narrow training beams becomes inefficient due to the rapid variations of AoD. In order to reduce the training time, multiple RF chains generating wide beams are employed to track the AoD's variations, and the associated beam pattern design problem is shown to be a 0 - 1 nonlinear optimization problem (NLP). A sequential quadratic programming method is used to solve this binary NLP. To reduce the complexity, a progressive edge-growth algorithm is further introduced by associating the binary NLP with a bipartite graph. Numerical results demonstrate significant gains of the proposed beam tracking strategy over existing benchmarks for both scenarios.
Cerebral metabolic studies in vivo by 31P NMR. (1983)

31P NMR studies on the brains of living rabbits were carried out at 32 MHz in a spectrometer having a 200-mm clear bore. Paralyzed pump-ventilated animals under nitrous oxide analgesia were inserted into the 1.89-T field and signals were focused in the brain by using a 4-cm surface coil. Several conventional physiological variables were monitored together with 31P spectra during induction and reversal of insulin shock and hypoxic hypoxia sufficient to abolish the electroencephalogram and during status epilepticus. A reversible decrease in phosphocreatine stores accompanied by an increase in Pi was detected during hypoglycemia and hypoxia. Similar changes were observed in prolonged status epilepticus but were not reversed. ATP levels fell about 50% in hypoglycemia but only slightly in the other two metabolic stresses. Intracellular pH rose in hypoglycemia; in status epilepticus and hypoxia it fell, but only when cardiovascular function was severely impaired. From the measured NMR parameters and the assumptions (i) that creatine kinase was at equilibrium and (ii) that the creatine/phosphocreatine pool was constant, it was possible to calculate the relative changes in cytoplasmic ADP levels associated with these metabolic disturbances.
Deletion of the Virion Host Shutoff Protein (vhs) from Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Relieves the Viral Block to Dendritic Cell Activation: Potential of vhs<sup>−</sup>HSV Vectors for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy (2003)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infects dendritic cells (DC) efficiently but with minimal replication. HSV, therefore, appears to have evolved the ability to enter DC even though they are nonpermissive for virus growth. This provides a potential utility for HSV in delivering genes to DC for vaccination purposes and also suggests that the life cycle of HSV usually includes the infection of DC. However, DC infected with HSV usually lose the ability to become activated following infection (M. Salio, M. Cella, M. Suter, and A. Lanzavecchia, Eur. J. Immunol. 29:3245-3253, 1999; M. Kruse, O. Rosorius, F. Kratzer, G. Stelz, C. Kuhnt, G. Schuler, J. Hauber, and A. Steinkasserer, J. Virol. 74:7127-7136, 2000). We report that for DC to retain the ability to become activated following HSV infection, the virion host shutoff protein (vhs) must be deleted. vhs usually functions to destabilize mRNA in favor of the production of HSV proteins in permissive cells. We have found that it also plays a key role in the inactivation of DC and is therefore likely to be important for immune evasion by the virus. Here, vhs would be anticipated to prevent DC activation in the early stages of infection of an individual with HSV, reducing the induction of cellular immune responses and thus preventing virus clearance during repeated cycles of virus latency and reactivation. Based on this information, replication-incompetent HSV vectors with vhs deleted which allow activation of DC and the induction of specific T-cell responses to delivered antigens have been constructed. These responses are greater than if DC are loaded with antigen by incubation with recombinant protein.
Plasticity Theory Based on Fuzzy Sets (1988)

This paper presents a general theory that describes the cyclic loading behavior of different materials. It is mathematically based on the theory of fuzzy sets. From the constitutive modeling point of view it is closely related to many previous cyclic plasticity models. Instead of utilizing two or more yield or bounding surfaces one more general surface is introduced in the space spanned by the stress and a membership function. This concept allows us to define many different models within the same mathematical framework. Several possibilities of the theory are examined with the aid of one‐dimensional examples. The paper considers constitutive models with and without memory, as well as models with fading memory, with isotropic and kinematic hardening, as well as without hardening. The fuzzy‐sets formulation describes different phenomena during cyclic loading such as hysteresis loops, cyclic stabilization effects, smooth elastic‐plastic transition, and so on, which are illustrated with pertinent examples.
Der Einfluß von Wasser auf die katalytische Aktivität von Bis(π‐cyclopentadienyl)titandichlorid‐Dimethylaluminiumchlorid zur Polymerisation von Äthylen (1975)

Abstract Die Kombination (C 5 H 5 ) 2 TiCl 2 ‐(CH 3 ) 2 AlCl hat, wenn überhaupt, nur geringe katalytische Aktivität für die Polymerisation von Äthylen. Die Zugabe geringer Mengen Wasser, ca. 0.2 –0.5 mol pro mol Aluminium, verwandelt diese Kombination in einen außerordentlich aktiven Katalysator. Andere Zusätze, z. B. Alkohole oder Sauerstoff, haben nicht die gleiche Wirkung. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
Spatial Shape Error Concealment for Object-Based Image and Video Coding (2004)

In this paper, an original spatial shape error-concealment technique, to be used in the context of object-based image and video coding schemes, is proposed. In this technique, it is assumed that the shape of the corrupted object at hand is in the form of a binary alpha plane, in which some of the shape data is missing due to channel errors. From this alpha plane, a contour corresponding to the border of the object can be extracted. However, due to errors, some parts of the contour will be missing and, therefore, the contour will be broken. The proposed technique relies on the interpolation of the missing contours with Bézier curves, which is done based on the available surrounding contours. After all the missing parts of the contour have been interpolated, the concealed alpha plane can be easily reconstructed from the fully recovered contour and used instead of the erroneous one improving the final subjective impact.
Über einige Nebenprodukte bei der Herstellung von Epoxidharzen aus Bisphenol A und Epichlorhydrin (1976)

Abstract Es wurden einige mögliche Nebenprodukte bei der Herstellung von Epoxidharzen aus Bisphenol A und Epichlorhydrin synthetisiert; ihr gelchromatographisches Verhalten in Mischungen mit Epoxidharzen wurde untersucht. Das wichtigste Nebenprodukt, das als Schulter des Monomeren im Gelchromatogramm technischer Harze auftritt, kommt im Vergleich zu anderen Nebensubstanzen in relativ hoher Konzentration vor. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Reaktionsprodukt von Bisphenol A, bei dem eine OH‐Gruppe zum Chlorhydrinäther und die andere zum Glycidyläther umgesetzt wurde.
Transport properties of polycrystalline Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ thin films for micro power generators (2004)

The transport properties of polycrystalline Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ thin films are studied for their potential applications in micro power generators. These thin films are deposited by low-pressure chemical deposition (LPCVD). The doping is carried out by boron and phosphorus ion implantation, followed by annealing in nitrogen ambient. The concentration of boron and phosphorus 4.3x10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/, and 8.7x10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/, respectively. The thermoelectric transport properties of these thin films are measured, including electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity. The electrical conductivity is measured by a 4 point-probe method. The Seebeck coefficient is measured by applying a temperature gradient along the in-plane direction, and evaluating the resulting voltage. The thermal conductivity is measured by a 3/spl omega/ method in the cross-plane direction.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-Mediated Activation of Stanniocalcin-1 in Human Cancer Cells (2005)

Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is an endocrine hormone originally discovered in the corpuscles of Stannius, endocrine glands on kidneys of bony fishes, and also has been identified in mammals. The mammalian STC1 gene is widely expressed in various tissues and appears to be involved in diverse biological processes. There is growing evidence to suggest that altered patterns of gene expression have a role in human cancer development. Recently STC1 has been identified as a stimulator of mitochondrial respiration and has been hypothesized to be functionally related to the Warburg effect, of which hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 plays a key role in reprogramming tumor metabolism. This prompted us to examine the involvement of HIF-1 in the regulation of STC1 expression in tumor hypoxia. Our data reveal that hypoxia can stimulate STC1 gene expression in various human cancer cell lines, including those derived from colon carcinomas, nasopharyngeal cancer (CNE-2, HONE-1, HK-1), and ovarian cancer (CaOV3, OVCAR3, SKOV3). By far, the greatest response was observed in CNE-2 cells. In further studies on CNE-2 cells, desferrioxamine, cobalt chloride, and O(2) depletion all increased HIF-1alpha protein and STC1 mRNA levels. Desferrioxamine treatment, when coupled with Fe replenishment, abolished these effects. RNA interference studies further confirmed that endogenous HIF-1alpha was a key factor in hypoxia-induced STC1 expression. The ability of vascular endothelial growth factor to stimulate STC1 expression in CNE-2 cells was comparatively low. Collectively, the present findings provide the first evidence of HIF-1 regulation of STC1 expression in human cancer cells. The studies have implications as to the role of STC1 in hypoxia induced adaptive responses in tumor cells.
Performance of a Supercritical CO2 Bottoming Cycle for Aero Applications (2017)

By 2050, the evolutionary approach to aero engine research may no longer provide meaningful returns on investment, whereas more radical approaches to improving thermal efficiency and reducing emissions might still prove cost effective. One such radical concept is the addition of a secondary power cycle that utilizes the otherwise largely wasted residual heat in the core engine’s exhaust gases. This could provide additional shaft power. Supercritical carbon dioxide closed-circuit power cycles are currently being investigated primarily for stationary power applications, but their high power density and efficiency, even for modest peak cycle temperatures, makes them credible bottoming cycle options for aero engine applications. Through individual geometric design and performance studies for each of the bottoming cycle’s major components, it was determined that a simple combined cycle aero engine could offer a 1.9% mission fuel burn benefit over a state-of-the-art geared turbofan for the year 2050. However, the even greater potential of more complex systems demands further investigation. For example, adding inter-turbine reheat (ITR) to the combined cycle is predicted to significantly improve the fuel burn benefit.