gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid-Triggered Release from Sterically Stabilized Fusogenic Liposomes via a Hydrolytic DePEGylation Strategy (2003)

A novel acid-labile poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated lipid, (R)-1,2-di-O-(1‘Z,9‘Z-octadecadienyl)-glyceryl-3-(ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycolate, MW5000) (BVEP), a neutral PEG-derivatized analogue of diplasmenylcholine, has been used at low molar ratios to disperse the nonlamellar, fusogenic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as unilamellar liposomes. It was anticipated that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the vinyl ether linkages would destabilize BVEP/DOPE liposomes by removal of the water-soluble, sterically stabilizing PEG layer, thereby promoting contents release and membrane−membrane fusion. This paper describes the hydrolysis rates, contents release rates, and fusion kinetics of BVEP-stabilized DOPE liposomes at 1:99, 3:97, and 5:95 molar ratios of BVEP/DOPE. Calcein leakage kinetics indicate that 3:97 BVEP/DOPE liposomes offer the best stability at pH 7.4 while retaining favorable leakage properties at pH 4.5 (t50%release ≈ 4 h). N-Rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine/N-nitrobenzoxadiazole phosphatidylethanolamine lipid mixing assays show that membrane fusion occurs on a much slower time scale than leakage in these systems, with ∼12% lipid mixing occurring over a 24 h time period at pH 2.0. No appreciable membrane fusion occurred in these liposomes at either pH 7.4 or 4.5 when monitored for up to 3 days. 31P NMR spectra at pH 7.4 contain a single isotropic line shape, consistent with the presence of large liposomes. The 31P NMR line shape did not change significantly even after long exposure times at pH 4.0; however, Mn2+ addition experiments with acid-treated samples produced line-broadened spectra, indicating that all the phosphorus sites were continuous with the bulk water phase. Time-dependent cryogenic transmission electron microscopy experiments indicate that extensive liposome collapse to give small dense aggregates occurs over a 1−4 h period when 3:97 BVEP/DOPE liposomes are acidified to pH 4.5. Taken together, these results suggest that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of BVEP/DOPE liposomes does result in dePEGylative triggering; however, the primary outcome of this cleavage process is contents leakage and liposome collapse to give <100 nm particles that are presumed to be inverted hexagonal phase structures, with membrane lipid mixing occurring on a kinetically slower time scale.
Arthur C. Corcoran Memorial Lecturer 2003 (2004)

Willa A. Hsueh, MD, is professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles. She received her BS summa cum laude from Ohio State University and her MD cum laude from the same institution. Dr Hsueh received her clinical training in medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital; this was followed by fellowships in endrocrinology at both …
Technical Note: MRI-guided breast biopsy - our preliminary experience (2010)

The diagnostic potential of breast MRI can be fully utilized only when it is possible to biopsy lesions detected on MRI, especially when they are not visible on mammography or USG. We would like to describe our experience with MRI-guided wire localization and biopsy.
Gut-associated bacterial microbiota in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2006)

This is the first paediatric report investigating the intestinal mucosa-associated microflora in patients of the IBD spectrum. These results, although limited by the sample size, allow a better understanding of changes in mucosa-associated bacterial flora in these patients, showing either a predominance of some potentially harmful bacterial groups or a decrease in beneficial bacterial species. These data underline the central role of mucosa-adherent bacteria in IBD.
Inhibition of invariant chain expression in dendritic cells presenting endogenous antigens stimulates CD4+ T-cell responses and tumor immunity (2003)

Induction of potent and sustained antiviral or antitumor immunity is dependent on the efficient activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. While dendritic cells constitute a powerful platform for stimulating cellular immunity, presentation of endogenous antigens by dendritic cells transfected with nucleic acid-encoded antigens favors the stimulation of CD8+ T cells over that of CD4+ T cells. A short incubation of mRNA-transfected dendritic cells with antisense oligonucleotides directed against the invariant chain enhances the presentation of mRNA-encoded class II epitopes and activation of CD4+ T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Immunization of mice with the antisense oligonucleotide-treated dendritic cells stimulates a more potent and longer lasting CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response and enhances the antitumor efficacy of dendritic cell-based tumor vaccination protocols. Transient inhibition of invariant chain expression represents a simple and general method to enhance the stimulation of CD4+ T-cell responses from endogenous antigens.
Flow cytometric basophil activation test: a review. (2002)

Flow cytometry is a technique enabling the analysis of physical and biological characteristics of cells or other biological particles when labeled with antibodies coupled to fluorochromes or other dyes. The basophil activation test (BAT), also called flow-cytometric allergen stimulation test (FAST) [commercially available under the name of Flow CAST (Bühlmann Laboratories) or BASOTEST (Beckton-Dickinson)] is based on the in vitro allergen-induced specific activation of basophils. This assay rests on the demonstration of some membrane protein markers that appear after exposure to the allergen. This paper reviews some of the literature about the use of this technique in the investigation of immediate-type allergies to inhalant allergens, drugs, and foods, as well as our own experience with this diagnostic technique. Flow cytometry is a reliable method for the quantification of basophil activation after allergenic stimulus in vitro and in vivo. It also enables us to detect allergic and pseudoallergic reactions because of other mechanisms than allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Further clinical evaluation of this technique will allow validation and better establishment of its diagnostic value in allergy.
Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019‐nCoV (2020)

With the current trajectory of the 2019-nCoV outbreak unknown, public health and medicinal measures will both be needed to contain spreading of the virus and to optimize patient outcomes. Although little is known about the virus, an examination of the genome sequence shows strong homology with its better-studied cousin, SARS-CoV. The spike protein used for host cell infection shows key nonsynonymous mutations that might hamper the efficacy of previously developed therapeutics but remains a viable target for the development of biologics and macrocyclic peptides. Other key drug targets, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro), share a strikingly high (>95 %) homology to SARS-CoV. Herein, we suggest four potential drug candidates (an ACE2-based peptide, remdesivir, 3CLpro-1 and a novel vinylsulfone protease inhibitor) that could be used to treat patients suffering with the 2019-nCoV. We also summarize previous efforts into drugging these targets and hope to help in the development of broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral agents for future epidemics.
Effects of calmodulin antagonists on hormone release and cyclic AMP levels in GH<sub>3</sub>pituitary cells (1987)

In GH3 cells the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulphonamide hydrochloride (W-7) showed a dose-dependent, biphasic effect on the release of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). Hormone release was inhibited with 15-30 microM trifluoperazine and with 30-80 microM W-7, while stimulation was observed with 50-100 microM trifluoperazine and with 150 microM W-7. Trifluoperazine (greater than or equal to 30 microM) and W-7 (greater than or equal to 80 microM) increased the concentration of cellular cyclic AMP. Sulphoxides of trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine (less than or equal to 150 microM were without effect on hormone release and cellular cyclic AMP. Hydrolysis of cyclic AMP by GH3 cytosol was reduced after incubation of intact GH3 cells with trifluoperazine (15-60 microM). When trifluoperazine was incubated with cytosol, both the high and low affinity forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase were inhibited competitively with calculated Ki of 4.5 and 56 microM, respectively. Stimulation of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase caused by endogenous calmodulin was blocked by trifluoperazine. Particulate bound adenylyl cyclase activity was inhibited by trifluoperazine, and this effect was counteracted by endogenous calmodulin.
Bag Mask Ventilation (2021)

Bag valve mask ventilation is a skill of utmost important for emergency providers. It is not easy and requires practice to master as it will be utilized in emergent settings. Proper patient positioning is critical to the procedure. The tongue often falls to the back of the pharynx which can occlude the airway. The appropriate head tilt, chin lift maneuver or a jaw thrust helps to keep the airway open. The position is achieved with forward flexion of the neck and equilibrating the sternal notch and angle of the mandible. An oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal may be utilized to maintain an open airway. Not only does the sniffing position assist with opening the airway as needed, but it can also help visualize the glottis opening as well as the vocal cords, improving your ability for first pass success during endotracheal intubation. Many BVMs are augmented by a one-way valve or a pressure valve. They require an oxygen supply to adequately deliver oxygen to the patient.
Scheduling superblocks with bound-based branch trade-offs (2001)

Since instruction level parallelism in basic blocks is often limited, compilers increase performance by creating superblocks that allow operations to be issued speculatively. This is difficult in general because each branch competes for the processor's limited resources. Previous work manages the performance trade-offs that exist between branches only indirectly. We show here that dependence and resource constraints can be used to gather explicit knowledge about scheduling trade-offs between branches. This paper's first contribution is a set of new, tighter lower bounds on the execution times of superblocks that specifically account for the dependence and resource conflicts between pairs of branches. This paper's second contribution is a novel superblock scheduling heuristic that finds high performance schedules by determining the operations that each branch needs to be scheduled early and selecting branches with compatible needs that favor beneficial branch trade-offs. Performance evaluations for superblocks from SPECint95 indicate that our bounds are very tight and that our scheduling heuristic outperforms well-known superblock scheduling algorithms.
Metabolic Effects of Reducing Rate of Glucose Ingestion by Single Bolus Versus Continuous Sipping (1990)

Modifying the rate of absorption has been proposed as a therapeutic principle of specific relevance to diabetes. To demonstrate clearly the metabolic benefits that might result from reducing the rate of nutrient delivery, nine healthy volunteers took 50 g glucose in 700 ml water on two occasions: over 5-10 min (bolus) and at a constant rate over 3.5 h (sipping). Despite similar 4-h blood glucose areas, large reductions were seen in serum insulin (54 +/- 10%, P less than 0.001) and C-peptide (47 +/- 12%, P less than 0.01) areas after sipping, together with lower gastric inhibitory polypeptide and enteroglucagon levels and urinary catecholamine output. There was also prolonged suppression of plasma glucagon, growth hormone, and free-fatty acid (FFA) levels after sipping, whereas these levels rose 3-4 h after the glucose bolus. An intravenous glucose tolerance test at 4 h demonstrated a 48 +/- 10% (P less than 0.01) more rapid decline in blood glucose (Kg) after sipping than after the bolus. Furthermore, FFA and total branched-chain amino acid levels as additional markers of insulin action were lower over this period despite similar absolute levels of insulin and C-peptide. These findings indicate that prolonging the rate of glucose absorption enhances insulin economy and glucose disposal.
Wideband characterisation of fading mobile radio channels (1982)

A description of the physical mechanism causing multipath propagation in built-up areas is followed by a discussion of the various ways in which fading radio communiction channels can be described. It is shown that characterisation in the time-delay/Doppler-shift domain explicitly illustrates the multipath nature of the channel and provides parameters relevant to system design. A brief discussion of channel-sounding techniques is followed by a description of a wideband channel sounder using matched-filter signal processing in the receiver.
5'-CGA Motif Induces Other Sequences To Form Homo Base-Paired Parallel-Stranded DNA Duplex: The Structure of (G-A)n Derived from Four DNA Oligomers Containing (G-A)3 Sequence (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5'-CGA Motif Induces Other Sequences To Form Homo Base-Paired Parallel-Stranded DNA Duplex: The Structure of (G-A)n Derived from Four DNA Oligomers Containing (G-A)3 SequenceHoward Robinson, Jacques H. van Boom, and Andrew H.-J. WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4, 1565–1566Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00083a050Request reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (294 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Early steps in reovirus infection are associated with dramatic changes in supramolecular structure and protein conformation: analysis of virions and subviral particles by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction (1993)

Three structural forms of type 1 Lang reovirus (virions, intermediate subviral particles [ISVPs], and cores) have been examined by cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and image reconstruction at 27 to 32-A resolution. Analysis of the three-dimensional maps and known biochemical composition allows determination of capsid protein location, globular shape, stoichiometry, quaternary organization, and interactions with adjacent capsid proteins. Comparisons of the virion, ISVP and core structures and examination of difference maps reveal dramatic changes in supra-molecular structure and protein conformation that are related to the early steps of reovirus infection. The intact virion (approximately 850-A diam) is designed for environmental stability in which the dsRNA genome is protected not only by tight sigma 3-mu 1, lambda 2-sigma 3, and lambda 2-mu 1 interactions in the outer capsid but also by a densely packed core shell formed primarily by lambda 1 and sigma 2. The segmented genome appears to be packed in a liquid crystalline fashion at radii < 240 A. Depending on viral growth conditions, virions undergo cleavage by enteric or endosomal/lysosomal proteases, to generate the activated ISVP (approximately 800-A diam). This transition involves the release of an outer capsid layer spanning radii from 360 to 427 A that is formed by 60 tetrameric and 60 hexameric clusters of ellipsoidal subunits of sigma 3. The vertex-associated cell attachment protein, sigma 1, also undergoes a striking change from a poorly visualized, more compact form, to an extended, flexible fiber. This conformational change may maximize interactions of sigma 1 with cell surface receptors. Transcription of viral mRNAs is mediated by the core particle (approximately 600-A diam), generated from the ISVP after penetration and uncoating. The transition from ISVP to core involves release of the 12 sigma 1 fibers and the remaining outer capsid layer formed by 200 trimers of rod-shaped mu 1 subunits that span radii from 306 to 395 A. In the virion and ISVP, flower-shaped pentamers of the lambda 2 protein are centered at the vertices. In the ISVP-to-core transition, domains of the lambda 2 subunits rotate and swing upward and outward to form a turret-like structure extending from radii 305 to 400 A, with a diameter of 184 A, and a central channel 84 A wide. This novel conformational change allows the potential diffusion of substrates for transcription and exit of newly synthesized mRNA segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animal experiments on the safety pharmacology of lofexidine. (1982)

These experiments were carried out to supplement the pharmacodynamic profile of 2[1-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl]-2-imidazoline hydrochloride (lofexidine, Lofetensin and Loxacor), a potent hypotensive imidazoline derivative with a central mode of action. Effects indicative of a central sedative action were seen in various experiments on mice and rats. However, comparative studies with clonidine, particularly those involving the interaction with hexobarbital, the effect on motor coordination on a rotating rod, the effect on body temperature and other experiments, indicated that lofexidine had a 10 to 100 fold less sedative effect than clonidine, depending on the test and the route of administration. In rats there was a dose-related, diuretic and saluretic effect. This effect was not seen in dogs. In rabbits and guinea pigs, lofexidine exhibited local anaesthetic effects and its potency and duration of action were comparable to those of the reference compounds (tetracaine or mepivacaine). Lofexidine did not modify gastric secretion in rats. On the other hand, it inhibited chemically induced (phenylbutazone) and stress-induced (swimming) gastric ulcer formation in rats. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activities in rats and mice were, at most, very weak. Lofexidine increased blood glucose levels of normoglycaemic rats; clonidine is known to have the same effect. In order to investigate the possibility of combining lofexidine with a diuretic drug for the treatment of hypertension, the interaction with hydrochlorothiazide was studied in some experiments. The results obtained from these experiments showed that there was no adverse effect and the diuretic and saluretic effects of hydrochlorothiazide were not impaired. No findings militated against the use of lofexidine as an antihypertensive drug. It is likely that lofexidine, in contrast to clonidine, has less marked central sedative effects.
A low-temperature-grown TiO<sub>2</sub>-based device for the flexible stacked RRAM application (2010)

Flexible TiO(2) crossbar memory device arrays were fabricated on plastic substrates using amorphous titanium oxide thin films grown by the low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition method. Al/ TiO(2)/Al memory cells on polyethersulfone (PES) showed an enhanced endurance property (up to 10(4) cycles) and low switching voltages compared to the cells on rigid substrates. The multi-stacked memory arrays were constructed by forming the additional Al/ TiO(2)/Al layer on the first memory device layer. Memory cells on each layer exhibited stable switching characteristics and mechanical robustness without interlayer cell-to-cell interference.
Pharmacological classification of central post-stroke pain: comparison with the results of chronic motor cortex stimulation therapy (1997)

In an attempt to clarify the neurochemical background of central post-stroke pain and to undertake a pharmacological analysis, the basic pharmacological characteristics of this intractable pain syndrome were investigated by the morphine, thiamylal and ketamine tests. In addition, the correlation between the pharmacological characteristics and the effects of chronic motor cortex stimulation therapy was examined. The study employed 39 central post-stroke pain patients who had intractable hemibody pain associated with dysesthesias, and radiologically demonstrated lesions in the thalamic area (thalamic pain, n = 25) or suprathalamic area (suprathalamic pain, n = 14). The pharmacological evaluations showed that definite pain reduction occurred in eight of the 39 cases (20.5%) by the morphine test, in 22 of the 39 cases (56.4%) by the thiamylal test, and in 11 of 23 cases (47.8%) by the ketamine test. Based on these pharmacological assessments, there was no obvious difference between thalamic and suprathalamic pain. A comparison of the long-term follow-up results of chronic motor cortex stimulation therapy revealed that thiamylal and ketamine-sensitive and morphine-resistant cases displayed long-lasting pain reduction with chronic motor cortex stimulation therapy, whereas the remaining cases did not show good results. We conclude that pharmacological classification of central post-stroke pain by the morphine, thiamylal and ketamine tests could be useful for predicting the effects of chronic motor cortex stimulation therapy. It has recently been suggested that excitatory amino acids may be involved in the development of central post-stroke pain. However, the fact that only 23 of the present 39 cases (59.0%) of thalamic and suprathalamic pain were sensitive to the thiamylal or ketamine test reflects the complex pharmacological background and the difficulties associated with treating central post-stroke pain.
Design of the Auto Electric Power Steering System Controller (2012)

The automobile electric steering system is a servo control system. This paper introduces the basic composition of the electric power steering system, and put forward the reasonable design solutions of the soft hardware and the correction methods of controller, given the main technology index of the controller. According to the performance requirements of cars steering system, make the relevant control strategy of the electric power steering system and through the design of related software and hardware to realize this control strategy and it can control each link of the automobile steering process. In order to verify the feasibility of t he control strategy, comparison experiments are carried out on a vehicle equipped with the developed EPS and the imported EPS, respectively. The results indicate that the developed EPS has similar performance with the imported one. The developed EPS not only works smoothly, but also has proper steering performance, thus can be equipped on passenger cars.
CLVII.—Organic derivatives of silicon. Part XL. Attempts to prepare unsaturated compounds from phenylsilicon trichloride (1929)

F. S. Kipping, A. G. Murray and J. G. Maltby, J. Chem. Soc., 1929, 1180 DOI: 10.1039/JR9290001180