gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic noise of sheeted electrical steel inductors in PWM operation — causes and mitigation (2009)

Electrical steel inductors are superior in size and cost compared o inductors using alternative core like nanocrystalline or powder materials in applications involving pulse-width modulated currents. However, electrical steel tends to emit more acoustic noise, which can be undesirable. The causes for these acoustic noise emissions, i.e. magnetic forces and magnetostriction, are explained in detail and the particular flux density distribution in sheeted electrical steel inductors a PWM operating is derived. Based on these insights, two methods of reducing the noise of an electrical steel inductor are proposed. One method implies a redesign of the inductor for lower nominal flux density. The other method is based on changing only the mechanical construction of the inductor. It does not affect the main design parameters of an inductor, i.e. inductance and temperature rise, and can thus be applied to existing inductor designs.
Components and devices (1995)

Contributors. Preface. Microwave Transmission Lines. Microstrip Lines. Microwave Resonators. Microstrip Line Components. Microstrip Line Components Suspended-Substrate Technique. Microwave Filters. Directional Couplers. Microwave Ferrite Devices. Microwave Solid-State Devices. Transferred Electron Devices. Microwave IMPATT Diode Amplifiers and Oscillators. Microwave Transistor Oscillators and Amplifiers. Microwave Detectors, Mixers, Converters, and Harmonic Generators. Electron Beam Formation, Focusing, and Collection in Microwave Tubes. Microwave Solid-State Switches, Phase Shifters, and Attenuators. Microwave Thermionic Density Modulated Devices and Applications. Microwave Impedance Matching Techniques. References. Further Reading. Index.
INTRODUCTION OF CENTER OF CHIRALITY INTO FLUOROCOMPOUNDS BY MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION OF 2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANOL (1984)

Abstract 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is found to be a valuable synthetic tool proceeding to the chiral trifluoromethylated compounds via enantiotopic differentiating reaction and carbon-carbon bond formation with active fermenting baker’s yeast.
Transposable Elements and DNA Methylation Create in Embryonic Stem Cells Human-Specific Regulatory Sequences Associated with Distal Enhancers and Noncoding RNAs (2015)

Despite significant progress in the structural and functional characterization of the human genome, understanding of the mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of human phenotypic uniqueness remains limited. Here, I report that transposable element-derived sequences, most notably LTR7/HERV-H, LTR5_Hs, and L1HS, harbor 99.8% of the candidate human-specific regulatory loci (HSRL) with putative transcription factor-binding sites in the genome of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). A total of 4,094 candidate HSRL display selective and site-specific binding of critical regulators (NANOG [Nanog homeobox], POU5F1 [POU class 5 homeobox 1], CCCTC-binding factor [CTCF], Lamin B1), and are preferentially located within the matrix of transcriptionally active DNA segments that are hypermethylated in hESC. hESC-specific NANOG-binding sites are enriched near the protein-coding genes regulating brain size, pluripotency long noncoding RNAs, hESC enhancers, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-harboring regions immediately adjacent to binding sites. Sequences of only 4.3% of hESC-specific NANOG-binding sites are present in Neanderthals' genome, suggesting that a majority of these regulatory elements emerged in Modern Humans. Comparisons of estimated creation rates of novel TF-binding sites revealed that there was 49.7-fold acceleration of creation rates of NANOG-binding sites in genomes of Chimpanzees compared with the mouse genomes and further 5.7-fold acceleration in genomes of Modern Humans compared with the Chimpanzees genomes. Preliminary estimates suggest that emergence of one novel NANOG-binding site detectable in hESC required 466 years of evolution. Pathway analysis of coding genes that have hESC-specific NANOG-binding sites within gene bodies or near gene boundaries revealed their association with physiological development and functions of nervous and cardiovascular systems, embryonic development, behavior, as well as development of a diverse spectrum of pathological conditions such as cancer, diseases of cardiovascular and reproductive systems, metabolic diseases, multiple neurological and psychological disorders. A proximity placement model is proposed explaining how a 33-47% excess of NANOG, CTCF, and POU5F1 proteins immobilized on a DNA scaffold may play a functional role at distal regulatory elements.
An Essential Role of Sialylated <i>O</i>-Linked Sugar Chains in the Recognition of Mouse CD99 by Paired Ig-Like Type 2 Receptor (PILR) (2008)

The paired Ig-like type 2 receptor (PILR), which comprises both inhibitory and activating isoforms, is well conserved among most mammalians. The inhibitory PILRalpha possesses an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain, whereas the activating PILRbeta does not have an ITIM but transduces activating signals by associating with the ITAM-bearing DAP12 adapter molecule. Both mouse PILRalpha and PILRbeta recognize mouse CD99, which is broadly expressed on various cells, including lymphocytes, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. We herein report that sialylated O-linked sugar chains on CD99 are essential for the recognition by PILR. Mutations of one of two O-glycosylation sites on CD99 significantly reduced recognition of CD99 by the activating PILRbeta, whereas recognition by the inhibitory PILRalpha was not affected. In contrast, mutations of both O-glycosylation sites on CD99 completely abrogated the recognition by both PILRalpha and PILRbeta. PILR did not recognize CD99 treated with neuraminidase, and CD99 expressed on cells transfected with core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase was not recognized by PILR. NK cells expressing endogenous activating PILRbeta receptors mediated cytotoxicity against cells expressing wild-type CD99 but not cells expressing mutant CD99 that lacked O-glycosylation sites. These findings indicate that sialylated O-linked sugar structures on CD99 play an important role in the recognition of PILR.
Benzoic and Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Antioxidants:  Structure−Activity Relation (1999)

The antioxidant activity of four derivatives of benzoic acid was systematically compared with the activity of the four homologous derivatives of cinnamic acid. The couples of compounds differed for the kind of aromatic substitution (p-hydroxy, p-hydroxymethoxy, p-hydroxydimethoxy, dihydroxy). The antioxidant activity was measured using (i) a competition kinetic test, to measure the relative capacity to quench peroxyl radical and (ii) the in vitro oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL), initiated by 2,2'-azobis(amidinopropane) dihydrochloride or catalyzed by Cu(II). In both models, cinnamic acids were more efficient than their benzoic counterparts. As for the influence of the aromatic substitution, in the kinetic test the antioxidant activity increased in the sequence p-hydroxy < p-hydroxymethoxy < dihydroxy < p-hydroxydimethoxy. In contrast, in the LDL system, the dihydroxy acids had an antioxidant capacity equal to or higher than that of the p-hydroxydimethoxy acids.
The Magnetic Measurement for Low Magnetic Field Stability of Dipole Magnet for CEPC (2015)

The CEPC (China Electron-Positron Collider) project is in the pre-research stage. When the beam energy of booster is 120 GeV, the magnetic field of deflection magnet is 640 G. In order to save funds for scientific research, we are ready to select the injection energy for 6 GeV, this corresponds to a magnetic field about 32 G. In such a low magnetic field, the effects of earth's magnetic field and ambient temperature variations cannot be ignored. In this paper, first written the collection procedures for magnetic field value and ambient temperature values by Labview software, then used a one-dimensional probe to measure the background magnetic field for three directions (Bx, By, Bz) and the value of the ambient temperature values, the time of data collection for each direction are more than 24 hours (every minute collecting a set of values). Finally, plus the different currents (3A, 6A.. 15A) to the dipole magnet, the time of measured and the data collected by over 24 hours. Based on the results of the analysis of large amounts of data, summarized and analyzed the effect of Earth's magnetic field and ambient temperature for dipole magnet in a low magnetic field.
Relay feedback methods for noisy processes (2009)

If there is noise in the original relay feedback system, because of chattering, it is not easy to obtain accurate ultimate information. To prevent chattering of the original relay output, hysteresis relay feedback method could be used. However, its relay output switching time is fluctuant and the average of switching time is different from the ultimate period. Thereby, here, we propose a chattering-free method using the integral signal of process output. This method is very simple and shows results that an obtained ultimate gain is pretty accurate.
Predicting abundance and variability of ice nucleating particles inprecipitation at the high-altitude observatory Jungfraujoch (2016)

Abstract. Nucleation of ice affects the properties of clouds and the formation of precipitation. Quantitative data on how ice nucleating particles (INPs) determine the distribution, occurrence and intensity of precipitation are still scarce. INPs active at −8 °C (INPs−8) were observed for 2 years in precipitation samples at the High-Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) at 3580 m a.s.l. Several environmental parameters were scanned for their capability to predict the observed abundance and variability of INPs−8. Those singularly presenting the best correlations with observed number of INPs−8 (residual fraction of water vapour, wind speed, air temperature, number of particles with diameter larger than 0.5 µm, season, and source region of particles) were implemented as potential predictor variables in statistical multiple linear regression models. These models were calibrated with 84 precipitation samples collected during the first year of observations; their predictive power was successively validated on the set of 15 precipitation samples collected during the second year. The model performing best in calibration and validation explains more than 75 % of the whole variability of INPs−8 in precipitation and indicates that a high abundance of INPs−8 is to be expected whenever high wind speed coincides with air masses having experienced little or no precipitation prior to sampling. Such conditions occur during frontal passages, often accompanied by precipitation. Therefore, the circumstances when INPs−8 could be sufficiently abundant to initiate the ice phase in clouds may frequently coincide with meteorological conditions favourable to the onset of precipitation events.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following administration of tirofiban or abciximab: A nemesis of platelet glycoprotein IIb/iIIa inhibitors (2000)

We describe three patients who developed severe pulmonary hemorrhage following administration of tirofiban (one patient) and abciximab (two patients). Pulmonary hemorrhage associated with abciximab use has been described, but to the best of our knowledge there has been no previous reports of this complication with tirofiban. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:181–184, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Feedback Stabilized Fabry-Perot Interferometer (1973)

A method of stabilizing a Fabry-Perot interferometer with respect to a reference wavelength, while simultaneously stabilizing the parallelism of the flats, is described. The method consists of creating correcting signals proportional to the displacement of the fringe maxima of three auxiliary spectral sources with respect to a fixed reference point and feeding these signals back to the interferometer piezoelectric drive so that the correcting signals become time invariant, and the interferometer is stabilized. The stability of the finished instrument with respect to the reference wavelength and parallelism is near lambda/1000, at 546 nm, for a 6-h period; however, the actual parallelism of the etalon is limited by the surface defects of the flats. The method, as described, allows simultaneous stabilization and data taking, since the instrument is continuously updating itself.
马克思，直路，具体的乌托邦 (2008)

俄国没有参与资产阶级革命，革命后的俄国出现了绝对的沙皇主义、独裁、恐怖、个人迷信和警察国家。斯大林主义使马克思主义面目全非，损害了马克思本人的形象。马克思恩格斯的无产阶级贫困化理论、危机理论已宣告无效，马克思主义中依然有效的是辩证法，即矛盾学说。资本主义矛盾可精确地理解为总体异化、自我异化。继承天赋人权遗产将决定共产主义的自由面孔。直路的矫形外科是社会主义的最紧迫的任务，而人道的社会主义包含有作为最高人权的直路。马克思主义并非不是乌托邦，而是具体的乌托邦。
Compiling language definitions (2002)

The ASF+SDF Meta-Environment is an interactive language development environment whose main application areas are definition and implementation of domain-specific languages, generation of program analysis and transformation tools, and production of software renovation tools. It uses conditional rewrite rules to define the dynamic semantics and other tool-oriented aspects of languages, so the effectiveness of the generated tools is critically dependent on the quality of the rewrite rule implementation. The ASF+SDF rewrite rule compiler generates C code, thus taking advantage of C's portability and the sophisticated optimization capabilities of current C compilers as well as avoiding potential abstract machine interface bottlenecks. It can handle large (10,000+ rule) language definitions and uses an efficient run-time storage scheme capable of handling large (1,000,000+ node) terms. Term storage uses maximal subterm sharing (hash-consing), which turns out to be more effective in the case of ASF+SDF than in Lisp or SML. Extensive benchmarking has shown the time and space performance of the generated code to be as good as or better than that of the best current rewrite rule and functional language compilers.
Theory and design of part-winding starting (1999)

When a three-phase cage induction motor is started on a half winding, space harmonic MMFs occur, and the machine usually fails to accelerate beyond the speed of the principal harmonic. A mathematical theory is presented in this paper which not only explains such behavior observed in the past, but also predicts whether, and at what speed, a motor will hang up or crawl on any particular arrangement of half winding. The theory also provides a basis for the design of harmonic-free half windings on which the machine will accelerate smoothly to full speed. This is illustrated by application to a 6-pole motor.
Position fix from three GPS satellites and altitude: a direct method (1999)

A method to find a direct solution to GPS equations given four pseudo-range measurements and satellite positions is given by L.O. Krause [1987]. This method is modified here to find a direct solution given three pseudo-ranges and satellite positions and altitude above the reference ellipsoid.
An adaptive, location-aware hoarding mechanism (2002)

When used in an outdoor environment mobile information systems often suffer from the disadvantages of wireless WANs. Hoarding is a method to overcome these disadvantages by transferring information which is probably needed by the user in advance. Existing hoarding mechanisms are either developed for a certain type of application or do not consider the user's location when selecting the information items to hoard. However, exploiting location information can be of great benefit with respect to the achievable hit-ratios. The hoarding mechanism suggested in this paper is both location-aware and universally applicable. Therefore, it can be used as a generic mechanism in a platform which supports different kinds of mobile information systems. In addition, it can be adapted to different degrees of knowledge about the user's movement.
MicroRNAs expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are deregulated in acute myeloid leukemias (2014)

MicroRNAs are key regulators of hematopoiesis, specifically involved in regulating the maintenance of stemness of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the early and late stages of hematopoietic differentiation. Some microRNAs have been found to be expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and primitive HPCs, and play a relevant role in regulation of the early steps of hematopoietic cell differentiation. Notable examples of these microRNAs are given by miR-22, miR-29, miR-125 and miR-126. These HSC/HPC-regulating microRNAs are often deregulated in some subsets of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with pathogenic, diagnostic and prognostic implications. Therefore, elucidation of the pattern of microRNA expression at the level of the early stages of hematopoietic cell differentiation has essential implications, not only for elucidation of the molecular bases of the early stages of hematopoietic differentiation, but also for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AML.
New soft switching ZVS and ZCS half-bridge inductive DC-DC converters for fuel cell applications (2006)

This paper is going to develop two soft switching DC-DC converters based on the half-bridge inductive converter for the design of the power electronic interface for fuel cell applications. One operates in ZVS mode, another in ZCS mode. The ZVS converter can overcome the drawbacks of the original structure but is more complicated. The ZCS converter can't operate at the duty cycle less than 0.5 but is simpler and more suitable for fuel cell applications. Flexible choice of components, low losses, high efficiency and modular converter possibility are all interesting characteristics of theses converters. Operation principle and characteristics are presented. Experimental results on a 2kW converter of each structure are going to validate the theory analysis.
Variant Bernard-Soulier syndrome type bolzano. A congenital bleeding disorder due to a structural and functional abnormality of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. (1990)

We have studied a patient with a congenital bleeding disorder and phenotypic manifestations typical of Bernard-Soulier syndrome, including giant platelets with absent ristocetin-induced von Willebrand factor binding. Two monoclonal antibodies reacting with distinct epitopes in the amino-terminal domain of the alpha-chain of glycoprotein (GP) Ib were used to estimate the number of GP Ib molecules on the platelet membrane. In the patient, binding of one antibody (LJ-Ib10) was approximately 50% of normal, while binding of the other (LJ-Ib1) was absent. Binding of both antibodies was reduced to approximately 50% of normal in the mother and one sister of the propositus, and their platelets exhibited approximately 70% of normal von Willebrand factor binding. Immunoblotting studies confirmed the presence of GP Ib alpha, as well as GP IX, in patient platelets. Antibody LJ-Ib10, but not LJ-Ib1, could immunoprecipitate the patient's GP Ib alpha from surface-labeled proteins. Thus, platelets from the propositus contained a structurally and functionally altered GP Ib-IX complex lacking a specific antibody epitope and the ability to bind von Willebrand factor. In contrast, the binding of human alpha-thrombin to the patient's platelets was normal, and three classes of binding sites with high, intermediate, and low affinity could be detected. These studies define a distinct variant form of Bernard-Soulier syndrome and provide evidence, based on a naturally occurring mutant molecule, that the amino-terminal region of GP Ib alpha contains a von Willebrand factor-binding domain distinct from the high affinity thrombin-binding site. Use of different monoclonal antibodies with distinct epitope specificities appears to be essential for a correct identification of variant Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
Conspicuous spatial frequency features in mammograms using a mixed-effects model (2005)

We derive a general random-effects model to study the differences in spatial frequency features across class-type (true positive (TP) or true negative (TN) or False Positive (FP)), a sample of 40 mammogram cases, and 9 readers. We derive a measure of feature conspicuity or salience using visually inspired spatial frequency filters and mammogram regions of interest derived from eye-position data. Repeated-measures ANOVA is performed on the salient features obtained from all cases. We hypothesize that statistically significant differences in the average salience measure (D-score) are seen across both class-types and cases. We believe this to be useful for determining the similarity between images in training and testing sets used in CADx algorithm development or for a priori determination of test set difficulty. Further, we hypothesize that our salience measure is useful for distinguishing the spatial frequency bands most relied upon to distinguish true negative and true positive responses. This is useful in discerning the "bottoms-up" cues used to direct the point of gaze during mammogram inspection. These results indicate that our salience measure is useful as an indicator of image similarity and for separating TP & TN regions of interest.
Capacity and cycle time-throughput understanding system (CAC-TUS) an analysis tool to determine the components of capacity and cycle time in a semiconductor manufacturing line (2003)

The investment required for a new semiconductor manufacturing line is currently in excess of /spl Theta/. Improving asset utilization by increasing equipment productivity has been a major focus in order to maximize the profit of a line in the face of this significant investment. A number of methodologies and analysis systems, both homegrown and commercial, have been developed to determine equipment productivity. Most of these analysis tools use data generated solely from this equipment (e.g., down states, up stares, number of wafers processed, etc.) to understand the components of equipment productivity. However, equipment suppliers have been very successful in providing equipment whose availability is usually greater than 85%. As a result, there are other capacity detractors that are as large or larger than those dealing with equipment availability. Examples are idle-no-WIP for cycle time, idle-no-operator due to wait for load/unload, and the effect of mix and volume on batch size. A common characteristic of these capacity detractors is that they occur when the equipment is available to run production. This paper describes an analysis tool, the capacity and cycle time-throughput understanding system (CAC-TUS), that has been developed and implemented to provide accurate and meaningful capacity loss components, especially when equipment is available to run production. This system combines equipment state data and lot logistical data to determine the magnitude of capacity and cycle time components, including idle-no-WIP and no operator. One of the advantages of this tool is that it greatly reduces the effort associated with operator coding. In addition, it can help determine elements of production such as train size, raw process time, etc. As a result, the magnitude of all capacity loss problems can be accurately measured, the correct owners can be assigned to resolve these problems, and efforts to improve capacity can be better focused.
Binary Typing of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains through Reversed Hybridization Using Digoxigenin-Universal Linkage System-Labeled Bacterial Genomic DNA (2001)

A novel binary typing (BT) procedure, based on reversed hybridization of digoxigenin-universal linkage system-labeled bacterial DNA to strip-immobilized probes, is presented. Chromogenic detection of hybrids was performed. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 20) were analyzed to establish the feasibility of BT. A technically simple and fast procedure has been developed for application in routine microbiology laboratories.