gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary transmission of organic photoluminescence through an otherwise opaque metal layer via surface plasmon cross coupling (2002)

We report extraordinary transmission of organic photoluminescence through an otherwise opaque, thin metal layer. We observe strong, angularly dependent photoluminescence from silver-coated films of Alq3 deposited on a corrugated substrate. Experimental and theoretical analysis indicates that light passes through the silver layer by cross coupling between surface plasmons on opposite sides of that layer. At narrow angles, the observed photoluminescence intensity is up to 10 times greater than that from a nonsilver-coated, uncorrugated organic film. This suggests an alternate device structure for efficient organic light emitting diodes.
Spreading depolarizations occur in human ischemic stroke with high incidence (2008)

Abstract Objective Cortical spreading depression (CSD) and periinfarct depolarization (PID) have been shown in various experimental models of stroke to cause secondary neuronal damage and infarct expansion. For decades it has been questioned whether CSD or PID occur in human ischemic stroke. Here, we describe CSD and PID in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction detected by subdural electrocorticography (ECoG). Methods Centres of the Co‐operative Study of Brain Injury Depolarisations (COSBID) recruited 16 patients with large middle cerebral artery infarction. During surgery for decompressive hemicraniectomy, an electrode strip was placed on the periinfarct region, from which four ECoG channels were acquired. Results A total of 1,638 hours was recorded; mean monitoring time per patient was 109.2 hours. A total of 127 CSD and 42 PID events were observed. In CSD, a stereotyped slow potential change spreading between adjacent channels was accompanied by transient depression of ECoG activity. In PID, a slow potential change spread between neighboring channels despite already established suppression of ECoG activity. Most CSDs and PIDs appeared repetitively in clusters. CSD or PID was observed in all but two patients. In these two patients, the electrode strip had been placed over infarcted tissue, and accordingly, no local ECoG or recurrent transient depolarization activity occurred throughout the observation period. Interpretation CSD and PID occurred spontaneously with high frequency in this study of patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. This suggests that the large volume of experimental studies of occlusive stroke that implicate spreading depolarizations in its pathophysiology can be translated, with appropriate caution, to patients and their treatment. Ann Neurol 2008
THE PHEROMONE RESPONSE PATHWAY IN <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i> (1993)

THE PHEROMONE RESPONSE PATHWAY IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/genet/27/1/annurev.ge.27.120193.001051-1.gif
8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐ones: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyoxygenated Building Blocks (2004)

The development and design of reliable and efficient methods for the construction of chiral building blocks are crucial in modern natural product synthesis. 8-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ones are readily accessible scaffolds with defined stereochemical features which have been exploited for non-aldol approaches to the preparation of chiral building blocks. Strategies for their enantioselective synthesis, including asymmetric cycloaddition methods, desymmetrization protocols, and "racemic switch operations", are presented and evaluated.
Switching network architecture for atm based broadband communications (2005)

Being the communication core of future broadband products, the ATM based switching network architecture must comply with a challenging set of future safe requirements and objectives, which are tentatively defined first. After some period of research work, a number of different solutions for fast packet switching or ATM switching are still proposed. It is thus interesting to discuss the respective attributes of key architecture options for asynchronous switch fabrics. As an illustration, the paper then describes a new ATM based switching architecture for asynchronous communications based on the advantageous combination of a multiple-path self-routing principle with an internal transfer mode using multi-slot cells. These principles are the foundation for a flexible and fault tolerant switching network configuration built with two Weis of standard switching components: the Switch Module board equivalent to a 128 x 128 single-stage matrix operating at 150 Mbit/s, and the Integrated Switching Element LSI circuit realizing an elementary, fully featured, 32 x 32 switching matrix.
Hierarchical architecture influences calcium dynamics in engineered cardiac muscle (2011)

Changes in myocyte cell shape and tissue structure are concurrent with changes in electromechanical function in both the developing and diseased heart. While the anisotropic architecture of cardiac tissue is known to influence the propagation of the action potential, the influence of tissue architecture and its potential role in regulating excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) are less well defined. We hypothesized that changes in the shape and the orientation of cardiac myocytes induced by spatial arrangement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects ECC. To test this hypothesis, we isolated and cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiac myocytes on various micropatterns of fibronectin where they self-organized into tissues with varying degrees of anisotropy. We then measured the morphological features of these engineered myocardial tissues across several hierarchical dimensions by measuring cellular aspect ratio, myocyte area, nuclear density and the degree of cytoskeletal F-actin alignment. We found that when compared with isotropic tissues, anisotropic tissues have increased cellular aspect ratios, increased nuclear densities, decreased myocyte cell areas and smaller variances in actin alignment. To understand how tissue architecture influences cardiac function, we studied the role of anisotropy on intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) dynamics by characterizing the [Ca(2+)](i)-frequency relationship of electrically paced tissues. When compared with isotropic tissues, anisotropic tissues displayed significant differences in [Ca(2+)](i) transients, decreased diastolic baseline [Ca(2+)](i) levels and greater [Ca(2+)](i) influx per cardiac cycle. These results suggest that ECM cues influence tissue structure at cellular and subcellular levels and regulate ECC.
Incorporating geologic information into reflection tomography (2004)

Abstract In areas of complex geology, prestack depth migration is often necessary if we are to produce an accurate image of the subsurface. Prestack depth migration requires an accurate interval velocity model. With few exceptions, the subsurface velocities are not known beforehand and should be estimated. When the velocity structure is complex, with significant lateral variations, reflection-tomography methods are often an effective tool for improving the velocity estimate. Unfortunately, reflection tomography often converges slowly, to a model that is geologically unreasonable, or it does not converge at all. The large null space of reflection-tomography problems often forces us to add a sparse parameterization of the model and/or regularization criteria to the estimation. Standard tomography schemes tend to create isotropic features in velocity models that are inconsistent with geology. These isotropic features result, in large part, from using symmetric regularization operators or from choosing a poor model parameterization. If we replace the symmetric operators with nonstationary operators that tend to spread information along structural dips, the tomography will produce velocity models that are geologically more reasonable. In addition, by forming the operators in helical 1D space and performing polynomial division, we apply the inverse of these space-varying anisotropic operators. The inverse operators can be used as a preconditioner to a standard tomography problem, thereby significantly improving the speed of convergence compared with the typical regularized inversion problem. Results from 2D synthetic and 2D field data are shown. In each case, the velocity obtained improves the focusing of the migrated image.
Suppression of DMBA-Induced Mouse Skin Tumor Development by Inositol Hexaphosphate and Its Mode of Action (2003)

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) or phytic acid, contained in most mammalian cells, has been shown to have anticancer and anti-cell-proliferative effects in several experimental models of carcinogenesis. We investigated the effect of topical application of IP6 on 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced complete carcinogenesis and on selective critical events of proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis after DMBA exposure. IP6 inhibited skin tumor development significantly in a dose-dependent manner. IP6 induced the DMBA-inhibited transglutaminase activity. DNA synthesis, as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was suppressed by IP6 in a dose-dependent manner. IP6 also inhibited thymidine kinase enzyme, which is responsible for [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Our results show that topical application of IP6 inhibits DMBA-induced mouse skin tumor development and that IP6 exerts its tumor inhibitory effect probably by modulating proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis. It seems that IP6 is an effective and potential chemopreventive agent for management of skin tumorigenesis.
Switchable PLL Frequency Synthesizer andHot Carrier Effects (2011)

In this paper, a new strategy of switchable CMOS phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer is proposed to increase its tuning range. The switchable PLL which integrates two phase-locked loops with different tuning frequencies are designed and fabricated in 0.5 µm n-well CMOS process. Cadence/Spectre simulations show that the frequency range of the switchable phased-locked loop is between 320 MHz to 1.15 GHz. The experimental results show that the RMS jitter of the phase-locked loop changes from 26 ps to 123 ps as output frequency varies. For 700 MHz carrier frequency, the phase noise of the phase-locked loop reaches as low as ?81 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency and ?104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. A device degradation model due to hot carrier effects has been used to analyze the jitter and phase noise performance in an open loop voltage-controlled oscillator. The oscillation frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator decreases by approximately 100 to 200 MHz versus the bias voltage and the RMS jitter increases by 40 ps under different phase-locked loop output frequencies after 4 hours of stress time.
Predicting the activity of the natural phytotoxic diphenyl ether cyperine using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (2000)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) is the target site of a large number of commercial herbicides. Previous QSARs performed at a two-dimensional level reproduced the activity of individual data sets relatively well, but these models could not be used to predict the activity of structurally related derivatives. We have developed a more reliable model by applying three-dimensional molecular techniques to a set of 31 phenyl ether analogues. Inhibitory activity at the molecular site of action was chosen because it circumvents the effects of uptake, translocation and metabolism of the compounds occurring in whole-plant studies. Increased predictability was achieved by aligning the diphenyl ether analogues along the trifluoromethyl phenyl (q2 = 0.70) ring rather than along the nitrophenyl (q2 = 0.65) ring or along the centroids (q2 = 0.69). This new analysis differentiated between R and S enantiomers and allowed the prediction of the inhibitory activity of the natural diphenyl ether cyperine. The prediction model suggests that the binding of cyperine on the active site of Protox is stereospecific. Published in 2000 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-Distortion Sine Wave Generation Using a Novel Harmonic Cancellation Technique (2013)

A novel technique is proposed to generate robust, low distortion sine waves. In this method, outputs of a phase shift oscillator (PSO) are weighted and summed to obtain multiple outputs with very low distortion and precise phase relationship. The method allows a programmable number of harmonic distortion components to be cancelled over a wide frequency range. This work derives the condition for the weights on the outputs of the PSO to be a real quantity, and demonstrates how this can be used to generate low distortion sine waves. With the proposed method, in an N-stage PSO, harmonics up to N-2th can be canceled. Simulation results using commercial operational amplifier spice models are presented to demonstrate low distortion sine wave generation over 2 kHz–180 kHz frequency range. The method has been experimentally verified using extremely low-cost, discrete components to produce 100 dB total harmonic distortion (THD) sine wave.
MotionNet: Joint Perception and Motion Prediction for Autonomous Driving Based on Bird's Eye View Maps (2020)

The ability to reliably perceive the environmental states, particularly the existence of objects and their motion behavior, is crucial for autonomous driving. In this work, we propose an efficient deep model, called MotionNet, to jointly perform perception and motion prediction from 3D point clouds. MotionNet takes a sequence of LiDAR sweeps as input and outputs a bird's eye view (BEV) map, which encodes the object category and motion information in each grid cell. The backbone of MotionNet is a novel spatio-temporal pyramid network, which extracts deep spatial and temporal features in a hierarchical fashion. To enforce the smoothness of predictions over both space and time, the training of MotionNet is further regularized with novel spatial and temporal consistency losses. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method overall outperforms the state-of-the-arts, including the latest scene-flow- and 3D-object-detection-based methods. This indicates the potential value of the proposed method serving as a backup to the bounding-box-based system, and providing complementary information to the motion planner in autonomous driving. Code is available at https://github.com/pxiangwu/MotionNet.
Detecting Driver Fatigue based on the Driver's Response Pattern and the Front View Environment of an Automobile (2008)

In the field of an automotive research, a method to monitor and to detect a drowsy or a drunken driver has been studied for many years. Previous research uses sensors such as an infrared camera for pupil detection or voice to detect fatigue. Even these approaches are able to detect driver¿s fatigue, however, these methods are not driver adaptable nor interactive with a outside driving situation. Unlike previous approach, we propose driver¿s fatigue detection system which uses the driver¿s pedal controlling pattern with respect to the driver¿s front view situation. The system uses a distance sensor on the frontend of the car so that it can capture an outside event. The entire sensor data are processed using a combination of Decision Tree learning algorithm and rule-based algorithm. The system does learning process at every startup of a car so that our system is capable to be adapted to each driver¿s driving style and behavior. Accordingly, we can be obtained the driver¿s fatigue level based on the response patterns.
Off-line flyback converter with input harmonic current correction (2002)

An offline flyback power converter employing coupled primary transformer windings to achieve input harmonic current correction is introduced. By controlling the turn-ratio of the windings, the input current harmonic contents can be reduced to comply with EN611000-3-2 limits while boosting only slightly the bulk capacitor voltage. Such a topology allows the use of commercially available electrolytic capacitors for energy storage and introduces minimum cost penalty. The basic operation of the power converter is discussed and hardware results from a prototype circuit presented.
Light induced structures in liquid crystalline side-chain polymers with azobenzene functional groups (2001)

We applied ellipsometry to study the distribution of azobenzene fragments in the films of two types of comblike polymers with azobenzene moieties in the side chains before and after ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The polymer with an alkyl chain at the end of the azobenzene fragment forms structures with preferred homeotropic alignment of the fragments. Irradiation of this polymer with nonpolarized UV light at normal incidence induces a homeotropic alignment of azobenzene fragments. Oblique irradiation induces tilted structures. Polarized UV light irradiation at normal beam incidence induces biaxial structures with a fanlike distribution of azobenzene fragments and preferably out-of-plane alignment. The polymer with polar nitro group at the end of the azobenzene moiety shows preferential in-plane orientation. The degenerate in-plane alignment is retained for normal irradiation with nonpolarized UV light. Excitation with polarized light provides highly ordered in-plane alignment of the azobenzene fragments perpendicular to the UV light polarization. Re-orientation of the fragments under a second UV exposure with orthogonal polarization involves out-of-plane rotation of the fragments.
Subjective evaluation of stereoscopic images: effects of camera parameters and display duration (2000)

Two experiments are presented that were aimed to investigate the effects of stereoscopic filming parameters and display duration on observers' judgements of naturalness and quality of stereoscopic images. The paper first presents a literature review of temporal factors in stereoscopic vision, with reference to stereoscopic displays. Several studies have indicated an effect of display duration on performance-oriented (criterion based) measures. The experiments reported were performed to extend the study of display duration from performance to appreciation-oriented measures. In addition, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of manipulating camera separation, convergence distance, and focal length on perceived quality and naturalness, In the first experiment, using display durations of both 5 and 10 s, 12 observers rated the naturalness of depth and the quality of depth for stereoscopic still images. The results showed no significant main effect of the display duration. A small yet significant shift between naturalness and quality was found for both duration conditions. This result replicated earlier findings, indicating that this is a reliable effect, albeit content-dependent. The second experiment was performed using display durations ranging from 1 to 15 s. The results of this experiment showed a small yet significant effect of display duration. Whereas longer display durations do not have a negative impact on the appreciative scores of optimally reproduced stereoscopic images, observers do give lower judgements to monoscopic images and stereoscopic images with unnatural disparity values as display duration increases. In addition, the results of both experiments provide support for the argument that stereoscopic camera toe-in should be avoided if possible.
PGA news (1962)

Provides several short items that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.
Understanding the Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees: A Role for Probiotics as Mediators of Environmental Stress (2020)

Managed populations of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) support the production of a global food supply. This important role in modern agriculture has rendered honey bees vulnerable to the noxious effects of anthropogenic stressors such as pesticides. Although the deleterious outcomes of lethal pesticide exposure on honey bee health and performance are apparent, the ominous role of sublethal pesticide exposure is an emerging concern as well. Here, we use a data harvesting approach to better understand the toxicological effects of pesticide exposure across the honey bee life cycle. Through compiling adult- and larval-specific median lethal dose (LD50) values from 93 published data sources, LD50 estimates for insecticides, herbicides, acaricides, and fungicides are highly variable across studies, especially for herbicides and fungicides, which are underrepresented in the meta-data set. Alongside major discrepancies in these reported values, further examination of the compiled data suggested that LD50 may not be an ideal metric for honey bee risk assessment. We also discuss how sublethal effects of pesticide exposure, which are not typically measured in LD50 studies, can diminish honey bee reproduction, immunity, cognition, and overall physiological functioning, leading to suboptimal honey bee performance and population reduction. In consideration of actionable solutions to mitigate the effects of sublethal pesticide exposure, we have identified the potential for probiotic supplementation as a promising strategy that can be easily incorporated alongside current agricultural infrastructure and apicultural management practices. Probiotic supplementation is regularly employed in apiculture but the potential for evidence-based targeted approaches has not yet been fully explored within a formal toxicological context. We discuss the benefits, practical considerations, and limitations for the use and delivery of probiotics to hives. Ultimately, by subverting the sublethal effects of pesticides we can help improve the long-term survival of these critical pollinators.
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors as a therapeutic option for hypercholesterolaemia (2006)

The development of cholesterol-lowering drugs (including a variety of statins, bile acid-binding resins and recently discovered inhibitors of cholesterol absorption) has expanded the options for cardiovascular prevention. Recent treatment guidelines emphasise that individuals at substantial risk for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease should meet defined targets for LDL cholesterol concentrations. Combination therapy with drugs that have different or complementary mechanisms of action is often needed to achieve lipid goals. Existing approaches to the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia are still ineffective in halting the progression of coronary artery disease in some patients despite combination therapies. Other patients are resistant to conventional drug treatment and remain at high risk for the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and alternative approaches are needed. The discovery and development of ezetimibe (a novel, selective and potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor) has advanced the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. New agents including the phytostanol preparation FM-VP4 and inhibitors of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, the apical Na(+)-dependent bile acid transporter and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein may also play a future role in combination therapy. This review focuses on the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of intestinal cholesterol absorption and transport, and novel therapeutic approaches to inhibit the cholesterol absorption process.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIESOF EXTRUDED PURE Mg WITH Bi ADDITION (2016)

Due to the increasing demand of low density and high strength Mg alloys for the automobile, railway, and aerospace industries, the exploration of cost-effective RE-free Mg alloys becomes more and more attractive. Instead of Mg-Sn based system, the Mg-Bi alloy system seems to satisfy this requirement as a potential candi*河北省教育厅高等学校科学研究计划项目QN2015035,河北省研究生创新项目220056,河北工业大学优秀青年科技创新基金2015002,河北省自 然科学基金优秀青年科学基金E2016202130,河北工业大学引进人才项目208002及科技部“中韩青年科学家”交流计划资助项目201510资助 收到初稿日期: 2016-01-26,收到修改稿日期: 2016-03-16 作者简介:孟帅举,男, 1990年生,硕士生 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00039