gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuraminidase inhibitors reduce nitric oxide production in influenza virus-infected and gamma interferon-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2007)

The influenza virus (influenza) infection causes an intense infiltration of pulmonary tissues by macrophages, which abundantly generate a free radical, nitric oxide (NO) resulting in lung damage. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) restrict influenza virus replication but whether they can suppress NO production within macrophages is unknown. RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), live influenza (A/PR/8/34) or a combination of both and were treated with NIs (oseltamivir or zanamivir). Results revealed that the drugs reduced a synergy between influenza and IFN-gamma in NO synthesis within the cells at all of the used concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 microg/ml). In contrast to zanamivir, this effect occurred in a concentration-dependent manner with oseltamivir treatment. On the other hand, all concentrations of zanamivir significantly suppressed NO production in comparison to that upon the combined exposure only (p < 0.05). Both compounds also considerably decreased NO generation in the IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages, and zanamivir in the influenza-infected cells as well. However, neither of the drugs inhibited iNOS mRNA expression in the cells containing these stimulants. Additionally, the data indicate that a prodrug oseltamivir can be activated in vitro within the macrophage cultures. These findings are important for designing treatment approaches to limit pulmonary inflammation during influenza infection.
In-Situ Infrared Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorption on SBA-15 Grafted with γ-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (2003)

CO2 adsorption/desorption on SBA-15 grafted with γ-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) has been studied by infrared spectroscopy coupled with temperature-programmed desorption. SBA-15, a mesoporous silica material with a uniform pore size of 21 nm and a surface area of 200−230 m2/g, provides an OH functional group for grafting of γ-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The amine-grafted SBA-15 adsorbed CO2 as carbonates and bicarbonates with a total capacity of 200−400 μmol/g. The heat of CO2 desorption was determined to be 3.2−4.5 kJ/mol in the presence of H2O and 6.6−11.0 kJ/mol in the absence of H2O during temperature-programmed desorption. Repeated CO2 adsorption/desorption CO2 cycles shifted the desorption peak temperature downward and decreased the heat of CO2 adsorption.
Alfalfa caterpillar control: Treatment of fields by airplane application of spray advances destruction of pest (1950)

Populations of the alfalfa caterpillar can be reduced successfully by airplane application of the polyhedra virus, spreading an epidemic of wilt disease— polyhedrosis—among the pest.
Some Properties of New DNA-Specific Bisbenzimidazole Fluorochromes without a Piperazine Ring (1993)

Three new bisbenzimidazole (BBI) compounds, which differ from Hoechst 33258 mainly by substitution of a N-dimethylaminopropylcarboxamide group in place of the N-methylpiperazine ring, were studied for their DNA- and AT-base pair specificity as well as for their ability to be quenched by incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Each of them had DNA binding specificity comparable to or greater than that of Hoechst 33258 and each had a greater specificity for AT-rich regions than did Hoechst 33258. The dependence of fluorescence of new dyes on the BrdU-incorporation into DNA is different from that of Hoechst 33258 and related compounds with piperazine ring. The quenching effect is much weaker, and two of the new compounds (BBI-1 and BBI-2) even show somewhat enhanced binding (fluorescence) at lower concentrations. Certain BBI dyes without piperazine ring may have some advantage over Hoechst for accurate DNA (AT-specific) measurements. The piperazine ring appears to play an important role in the yet unknown mechanism of Hoechst quenching by incorporated BrdU.
ESTABLISHMENT OF PIGMENTED CHOROIDAL MELANOMAS IN A RABBIT MODEL (1994)

As the majority of human uveal melanomas are pigmented, the added feature of pigmentation associated with this model makes it more suitable for evaluating the role of newly developed phototherapies in the management of uveal melanoma.
Static path conditions for Java (2008)

A static path condition is a precise necessary condition for information flow between two program points. Previous work defined path conditions for procedural languages. Object oriented languages offer additional constructs such as dynamic dispatch, instanceof and exceptions. In this paper, we present an analysis of these constructs, which leads to precise path conditions operating only on the program's variables. This yields a gain in precision, allowing leverage of automatic constraint solving. We present details of path condition generation for Java constructs, and discuss preliminary insight from our prototype implementation.
Molecular mechanisms of interleukin‐4–induced up‐regulation of type I collagen gene expression in murine fibroblasts (2003)

Our observations indicate that IL-4 has a profound effect on several factors that have been identified as playing major roles in the regulation of collagen synthesis and suggest that IL-4 increases the expression of type I collagen through a mechanism involving the activation of transcription factors that bind to and activate collagen promoter.
Stability of negative-impedance convertors (1966)

This letter is complementary to a general hypothesis in a recent paper by Brownlie, in that it shows how a very simple departure from the ideal is enough to reproduce stability phenomena observed in actual n.i.c.s.
Abstract: Palaeotectonic setting and petrogenesis of the Takla Group volcano-sedimentary assemblage, north-central British Columbia (1996)

The Upper Triassic Takla Group volcano-sedimentary assemblage is located within the Stikinia Terrane of the Intermontane Belt in the Canadian portion of the Cordillera. The assemblage consists of basalts and pyroclastic rocks of equivalent composition, that are inter layered with sandstones, siltstones, argillites and conglomerates. Deposition of the assemblage occurred primarily under marine conditions that became subaerial as the volcanic pile built above sea level. Major and trace element analysis indicates that the Takla Group basalts are arc-related tholeiites. They are characterized by a slight large ion lithophile element (including Th and light REE) enrichment relative to high field strength elements. Trace element plots show that the tholeiites are depleted in Nb, which supports an arc-related origin. Low Zr: Y ratios indicate that the tholeiites are primitive and were probably extruded through a thin crust. A contemporaneous volcano-sedimentary assemblage occurs in fault contact with the Takla Group of the S~ikinia Terrane. This group, also named Takla, occurs in the neighbouring Quesnellia composite terrane to the east and contains basalts also of arc-related genesis. In the past, interpretations of the origin and relationship between the two groups have differed. They have been interpreted as a single cogenetic unit as well as two separate, non-related units. Similarity in petrography, mineral chemistry and incompatible trace element distribution indicate that the eastern and western Takla groups are broadly equivalent. A cogenetic origin of the two groups limits the offset of a major fault system in the study area and constrains the timing of the Stikinia and Quesnellia terrane amalgamation.
Deterministic Single-Photon Source for Distributed Quantum Networking (2002)

A sequence of single photons is emitted on demand from a single three-level atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity. The photons are generated by an adiabatically driven stimulated Raman transition between two atomic ground states, with the vacuum field of the cavity stimulating one branch of the transition, and laser pulses deterministically driving the other branch. This process is unitary and therefore intrinsically reversible, which is essential for quantum communication and networking, and the photons should be appropriate for all-optical quantum information processing.
The basalts of Yellowstone Valley, southwestern Montana (2015)

Remnants of the basalts of the Yellowstone Valley follow the general northeast trend of the valley for a distance of eleven miles from Point of Rocks to Emigrant, Montana.These basalts lie unconformably on gravels which in turn rest unconformably on late Miocene-early Pliocene sediments.Two flows can be distinguished and are designated as flow A (older) and flow B (younger).A K-Ar date of 8.4 m. y. for flow B indicates an early Pliocene age.Flow A contains labradorite, augite, and olivine phenocrysts.In most places it is zoned, having light-gray basalt on top and bottom and dark-gray basalt in the center.The basalt is columnar: larger columns typify the outer zones, smaller columns the central zone.In places, inclined columns in the center indicate local movement of the flow after partial cooling.Distinctive ophitic texture in the outer zones becomes less ophitic towards the center where the augite crystals are smaller and both augite and olivine more altered.Trappings of gases probably caused deuteric alteration, producing these changes in the central zone.Flow B is columnar, black to dark-gray, commonly containing scattered plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts.The basalt exhibits non-ophitic texture characterized by a high content of magnetite and/or magnetite-rich glass.Upstream, basalts cap a bench near the town of Gardiner.Five flows crop out at each end of the exposure.Comparisons suggest that six flows are represented.The upper two are similar to the basalts of flows A and B and may be erosional remnants of the same flows.
Immunological markers and clinical outcome of advanced melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab plus fotemustine in the NIBIT-M1 study (2015)

Clinical activity was observed in metastatic melanoma (MM) patients treated with ipilimumab (IPI) combined with fotemustine (FTM) in the phase II NIBIT-M1 study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were collected from MM patients at pre- and at weeks 12 and 24 post-treatment. A comprehensive phenotypic and functional immunomonitoring of circulating T cells, and the detection of soluble immunoregulatory molecules was carried out and correlated with clinical outcome. The frequency at baseline and along the treatment of circulating T central memory cells expressing activation/differentiation markers, such as CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45RO<sup>+</sup>BTLA<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>4-1BB or Th17 lymphocytes correlated with the clinical outcome of MM patients. Moreover, either the absence or the presence of soluble NKG2D ligands (ULBP-1 or -2) at baseline in the serum of MM patients enabled to discriminate subjects with long-term survival (median overall survival, (OS) = 33.6 mo for ULBP-1 and -2) from poor survivors (OS = 9.8 or 6.6 mo, respectively). Conversely, no significant association between the levels of soluble MICA, MICB and ULBP-3 and the clinical outcome of patients was observed. An inverse correlation between circulating levels of these molecules at baseline and frequency of either CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45RO<sup>+</sup>BTLA<sup>+</sup> or Th17 or CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>4-1BB<sup>+</sup> T cells occurred in patients with a favorable clinical outcome. The simultaneous monitoring of different immune parameters, though validation in a large cohort of patients is needed, allowed to identify an association between phenotypic and soluble markers representing a possible predictive immunological signature for the clinical activity of IPI plus FTM.
Regulation of the RYR1 and RYR2 Ca<sup>2+</sup> Release Channel Isoforms by Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Insensitive Mutants of Calmodulin (2003)

Calmodulin (CaM) may function as a regulatory subunit of ryanodine receptor (RYR) channels, modulating both channel activation and inhibition by Ca2+; however, mechanisms underlying differences in CaM regulation of the RYR isoforms expressed in skeletal muscle (RYR1) and cardiac muscle (RYR2) are poorly understood. Here we use a series of CaM mutants deficient in Ca2+ binding to compare determinants of CaM regulation of the RYR1 and RYR2 isoforms. In submicromolar Ca2+, activation of the RYR1 isoform by each of the single-point CaM mutants was similar to that by wild-type apoCaM, whereas in micromolar Ca2+, RYR1 inhibition by Ca2+CaM was abolished by mutations targeting CaM's C-terminal Ca2+ sites. In contrast to the RYR1, no activation of the cardiac RYR2 isoform by wild-type CaM was observed, but rather CaM inhibited the RYR2 at all Ca2+ concentrations (100 nM to 1 mM). Consequently, whereas the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of the RYR1 isoform was enhanced in the presence of CaM, the RYR2 displayed the opposite response (RYR2 Ca2+ EC50 increased 7-10-fold in the presence of 5 microM wild-type CaM). CaM inhibition of the RYR2 was nonetheless abolished by each of four mutations targeting individual CaM Ca2+ sites. Furthermore, a mutant CaM deficient in Ca2+ binding at all four Ca2+ sites significantly activated the RYR2 and acted as a competitive inhibitor of RYR2 regulation by wild-type Ca2+CaM. We conclude that Ca2+ binding to CaM determines the effect of CaM on both RYR1 and RYR2 channels and that isoform differences in CaM regulation reflect the differential tuning of Ca2+ binding sites on CaM when bound to the different RYRs. These results thus suggest a novel mechanism by which CaM may contribute to functional diversity among the RYR isoforms.
Effect of different freezing rates during cryopreservation of rat mesenchymal stem cells using combinations of hydroxyethyl starch and dimethylsulfoxide (2012)

A 5% DMSO / 5% HES solution cryopreservation solution using a 'straight freeze' approach can be recommended for rat MSC.
THE HUMID COMBUSTION TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENT AND TO SAVE THE FUEL: THE WATER VAPOR PUMP AND MAISOTSENKO CYCLES EXAMPLES (2011)

In the past, water has been used as an anti-knock agent or as an "additive" component to improve combustion efficiency, and to boost the engine. Today, added water can also serve both environmental and energy savings goals. Early in the 1980s a thermodynamic cycle, called the "water vapor pump cycle" (WVP-cycle) was invented. Thanks to this cycle, the useful recovery of heat coming from the condensation of flue gases was applied towards new kinds of heat plants using fuels like the natural gases. By developing the WVP-cycle, and besides the analysis of its energy savings efficiency, we also discovered the correlative reduction of NOx formation, and also discovered the efficiency of humidity transfer between two gas flows. At the same time, other kinds of "humid combustion" were developed, notedly with gas turbines running the "STIG-cycle" and "HAT-cycle," and more recently the "Maisotsenko-cycle" has been described. This paper points out the specific advantages of humid combustion and reminds us what we have learned about the limits of this practice thanks to the WVP-cycle development. Finally, we indicate some useful future developments to fully benefit from the potential offered by humid combustion, in WVP-cycle, in gas turbines running "humid" cycles.
Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene over Pd-In/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst: Promotional Effect of Indium and Composition-Dependent Performance (2017)

Highly dispersed bimetallic Pd-In catalysts on Al2O3 were prepared by a simple impregnation method. In comparison with the unsupported intermetallic catalyst, the supported Pd-In catalyst exhibited several magnitudes higher activity and similar selectivity for selective acetylene hydrogenation. Moreover, the activity, selectivity, and anticoking performance of the Pd-In catalyst were superior to those of the monometallic Pd catalyst. The electron transferred from indium weakened the adsorption of ethylene on the negatively charged Pd sites and hence improved the selectivity of Pd-In/Al2O3. The inhibited formation of hydride due to the presence of indium also contributed to the higher selectivity. The promoted activation of hydrogen, owing to the weak adsorption of acetylene on Pd-In/Al2O3, and decreased particle size jointly contributed to the enhanced activity of Pd-In/Al2O3. In addition, green oil formation on Pd-In/Al2O3 was retarded by the presence of indium, contributing to the enhanced stability of the catalyst. The bimetallic Pd-In catalysts showed a strongly composition dependent performance, which resulted from the different extent of electronic and/or geometric modification of Pd active sites.
Heteroepitaxy of high-quality Ge on Si by nanoscale Ge seeds grown through a thin layer of SiO2 (2004)

We demonstrate that high-quality Ge can be grown on Si covered with a thin layer of chemical SiO2. When the oxidized Si substrate is exposed to Ge molecular beam, 7-nm-wide seed pads form in the oxide layer and “touchdown” on the underlying Si. Upon continued exposure, Ge selectively grows on the seed pads rather than on SiO2, and the seeds coalesce to form an epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) layer. The Ge ELO layer is characterized by transmission electron microscopy and etch-pit density (EPD). The Ge ELO layer is free of dislocation network, but stacking faults exist near the Ge-SiO2 interface. A fraction of these stacking faults propagate to the surface, resulting in EPD less than 2×106cm−2. The high quality Ge ELO layer is attributed to a high density of nanoscale Ge seed pads interspaced by 2–12-nm-wide SiO2 patches.
Various Location Update Strategies in Mobile Computing (2014)

Managing location information of mobile devices is a very much important task in mobile computing systems. In cellular network, coverage area is divided into cells. Everyday mobile companies try to accommodate more users by reducing size of cells. Location management is one of the most important and fundamental issue in mobile computing. When the user changes location, an update occurs. The main goal of any location management strategy is to provide efficient search-updates. In this paper we have discussed various location management strategies in mobile computing.
The Informational Content of Initial Public Offerings (1989)

ABSTRACT The ability of capital markets to distinguish firms of different value by the size of their initial equity offerings is attenuated when insiders can sell equity more than once. A model is developed in which there is price risk from holding equity between periods. When the uncertainty is small, there must be pooling in the first period. When uncertainty is large, the pooling equilibria dominate the separating equilibrium.
Harnessing RNAi nanomedicine for precision therapy (2014)

Utilizing RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic strategy has an immense likelihood to generate novel concepts in precision medicine. Several clinical trials are on the way with some positive initial results. Yet, targeting of RNAi payloads such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA (miR) mimetic or anti-miR (antagomirs) into specific cell types remains a challenge. Major attempts are done for developing nano-sized carriers that could overcome systemic, local and cellular barriers. This progress report will focus on the recent advances in the RNAi world, detailing strategies of systemic passive tissue targeting and active cellular targeting, which is often considered as the holy grail of drug delivery.
Functional Aspects of a Second Mechanism of Candidacidal Activity by Human Neutrophils (1972)

We tested the ability of human neutrophils to kill five Candida species and the yeast Torulopsis glabrata. C. parapsilosis and C. pseudotropicalis were found to be killed readily by normal and myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils and were selected to probe the myeloperoxidase-independent fungicidal mechanisms of the neutrophil. These organisms were killed with relatively normal (C. parapsilosis) or moderately reduced (C. pseudotropicalis) effectiveness by neutrophils from two boys with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. Azide (2 mm) and sulfadiazine (4 mm) exerted a relatively small inhibitory effect on the ability of normal neutrophils to kill C. parapsilosis. These compounds did not, however, inhibit the killing of C. parapsilosis by myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils, although they blocked their iodination of ingested Candida cells. Anaerobic incubation conditions inhibited the ability of normal neutrophils to kill C. parapsilosis slightly but did not impair this function in myeloperoxidase-deficient cells. All of the Candida species tested had catalase activity, yet their sensitivity to H(2)O(2) in cell-free systems varied considerably. Our C. parapsilosis strain was extraordinarily resistant to H(2)O(2) (LD(75): 0.14 m), as compared with C. pseudotropicalis or with our reference strain of C. albicans (LD(75): 2.3 x 10(-3)m and 3.4 x 10(-3)m, respectively). These data establish the existence in human neutrophils of a second mechanism that exerts microbicidal activity against certain Candida species; the mechanism is unrelated to myeloperoxidase, iodination, or to the direct effects of H(2)O(2) generated by the endogenous metabolic processes of the neutrophil. As yet unidentified, this mechanism appears to remain operative in the neutrophils of subjects with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency or chronic granulomatous disease.
Wear of single-crystal silicon carbide in contact with various metals in vacuum (1978)

Sliding friction experiments were conducted in vacuum with single crystal silicon carbide (0001) surface in contact with transition metals (tungsten, iron, rhodium, nickel, titanium, and cobalt), copper, and aluminum. The hexagon shaped cracking and fracturing of silicon carbide that occurred is believed to be due to cleavages of both the prismatic and basal planes. The silicon carbide wear debris, which was produced by brittle fracture, slides or rolls on both the metal and silicon carbide and produces grooves and indentations on these surfaces. The wear scars of aluminum and titanium, which have much stronger chemical affinity for silicon and carbon, are generally rougher than those of the other metals. Fracturing and cracking along the grain boundary of rhodium and tungsten were observed. These may be primarily due to the greater shear moduli of the metals.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF THE PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF SOME 1‐(HALOARYLMETHYL)PYRIDINIUM SALTS (1973)

Abstract Die Photocyclisierung verschiedener quaternierter N‐Heterocyclen wird untersucht.
Carrier systems in PDT: on the way to novel antitumor drugs (1995)

A novel mode to apply photosensitizing drugs specifically to tumor tissue using the principles of polyphasic tumor therapies is outlined. Key compounds are tumor specific functionalized antibodies with reduced immunogenicity. These bind to drug inclusion complexes in a multiplicative manner. Drug inclusion complexes are designed on the basis of tethered functionalized (beta) -cyclodextrin dimers with maximum affinity to porphyrinoid photosensitizers forming monomeric chlathrates. To enhance porphyrin-cyclodextrin interaction peripheral groups of the porphyrin have to be chemically modified. The development of the method is not yet completed. First results are demonstrated.