gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-intensity focused ultrasound with large scale spherical phased array for the ablation of deep tumors (2009)

Under some circumstances surgical resection is feasible in a low percentage for the treatment of deep tumors. Nevertheless, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is beginning to offer a potential noninvasive alternative to conventional therapies for the treatment of deep tumors. In our previous study, a large scale spherical HIFU-phased array was developed to ablate deep tumors. In the current study, taking into account the required focal depth and maximum acoustic power output, 90 identical circular PZT-8 elements (diameter =1.4 cm and frequency=1 MHz) were mounted on a spherical shell with a radius of curvature of 18 cm and a diameter of 21 cm. With the developed array, computer simulations and ex vivo experiments were carried out. The simulation results theoretically demonstrate the ability of the array to focus and steer in the specified volume (a 2 cmx2 cmx3 cm volume) at the focal depth of 15 to 18 cm. Ex vivo experiment results also verify the capability of the developed array to ablate deep target tissue by either moving single focal point or generating multiple foci simultaneously.
Supplier‐Switching Inertia and Competitive Asymmetry: A Demand‐Side Perspective* (2006)

ABSTRACT Building on strategic management, operations strategy, and supplier management literatures, this article presents a framework for supplier selection from the demand‐side perspective. We highlight the role of a purchasing firm's switching inertia in the supplier‐selection process and demonstrate the usefulness of our framework for the industrial automation industry. Empirical data for this study was collected from 171 corporate and plant‐level executives in pharmaceutical, chemical, and paper‐and‐pulp manufacturing industries in the United States. A series of Web‐based individually customized discrete choice experiments asked the respondents to either switch to the new supplier or stay with the existing supplier. Based on the results of these experiments, we demonstrate the existence of switching inertia in the supplier‐selection process and discuss the managerial implications for incumbent and challenger supplier firms.
Resonant Raman scattering in GaN/(AlGa)N single quantum wells (1997)

Resonant Raman scattering has been used to study longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes in 2–4-nm-wide GaN/Al0.15Ga0.85N single quantum wells (QW). Raman spectra recorded using subband gap excitation were found to be completely dominated by the phonon modes of the (AlGa)N barriers. In contrast, for excitation close to resonance with the lowest transition between confined electron and hole states in the GaN QW scattering by the A1(LO) phonon in the QW became dominant in spite of the narrow width of the QW. For well widths of 3 and 4 nm, the frequency of the A1(LO) phonon in the QW was found to be close to that in bulk GaN, whereas for a well width of 2 nm the QW phonon was broadened and shifted towards the frequency of the (AlGa)N A1(LO) phonon mode. This broadening and frequency shift indicate some cation intermixing for the narrowest QW with the widths of the interface regions being comparable to the well width of 2 nm, demonstrating the usefulness of resonant Raman scattering for quality assessment of GaN/(AlGa)N QWs and interfaces.
Quantification in Soil and the Rhizosphere of the Nematophagous Fungus <i>Verticillium chlamydosporium</i> by Competitive PCR and Comparison with Selective Plating (2002)

A competitive PCR (cPCR) assay was developed to quantify the nematophagous fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium in soil. A gamma-irradiated soil was seeded with different numbers of chlamydospores from V. chlamydosporium isolate 10, and samples were obtained at time intervals of up to 8 weeks. Samples were analyzed by cPCR and by plating onto a semiselective medium. The results suggested that saprophytic V. chlamydosporium growth did occur in soil and that the two methods detected different phases of growth. The first stage of growth, DNA replication, was demonstrated by the rapid increase in cPCR estimates, and the presumed carrying capacity (PCC) of the soil was reached after only 1 week of incubation. The second stage, an increase in fungal propagules presumably due to cell division, sporulation, and hyphal fragmentation, was indicated by a less rapid increase in CFU, and 3 weeks was required to reach the PCC. Experiments with field soil revealed that saprophytic fungal growth was limited, presumably due to competition from the indigenous soil microflora, and that the PCR results were less variable than the equivalent plate count results. In addition, the limit of detection of V. chlamydosporium in field soil was lower than that in gamma-irradiated soil, suggesting that there was a background population of the fungus in the field, although the level was below the limit of detection. Tomatoes were infected with the root knot nematode (RKN) or the potato cyst nematode (PCN) along with a PCN-derived isolate of the fungus (V. chlamydosporium isolate Jersey). Increases in fungal growth were observed in the rhizosphere of PCN-infested plants but not in the rhizosphere of RKN-infested plants after 14 weeks using cPCR. In this paper we describe for the first time PCR-based quantification of a fungal biological control agent for nematodes in soil and the rhizosphere, and we provide evidence for nematode host specificity that is highly relevant to the biological control efficacy of this fungus.
Thienyl Carboxylate Ligands Bound to and Bridging MM Quadruple Bonds, M = Mo or W:  Models for Polythiophenes Incorporating MM Quadruple Bonds (2004)

A series of compounds of the form [M(2)L(4)] and [[((t)()BuCO(2))(3)M(2)](2)(mu-L')] have been made where M = Mo or W, L = a thienyl, bithienyl, or terthienyl carboxylate, and L' = a corresponding thienyl dicarboxylate. The electronic absorption spectra are reported and the electronic structures discussed. Intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands traverse the visible and near-IR regions of the electronic absorption spectrum. The compounds show reversible metal-based oxidations and quasireversible ligand-based reductions. The molecular structure of Mo(2)(O(2)C-2-Th)(4).2THF is reported, on the basis of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. These compounds provide insight into the expected properties of related dimetalated polythiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds.
Skeletal Graph Based Human Pose Estimation in Real-Time (2011)

We propose a new method to quickly and robustly estimate the 3D pose of the human skeleton from volumetric body scans without the need for visual markers. The core principle of our algorithm is to apply a fast center-line extraction to 3D voxel data and robustly fit a skeleton model to the resulting graph. Our algorithm allows for automatic, single-frame initialization and tracking of the human pose while being fast enough for real-time applications at up to 30 frames per second. We provide an extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation of our method on real and synthetic datasets which demonstrates the stability of our algorithm even when applied to long motion sequences.
Studies on Transglycosidation to Vitamin B6 by Microorganisms (1971)

The enzyme activity to synthesize pyridoxine glucoside was demonstrated in intact cells and cell extracts of genera, Sarcina and Micrococcus. The isolated and identified strain, Micrococcus sp. No. 431 was found to have high activity of this enzyme in its cell extract. The enzyme activity reached to a maximum after 20 hr of cultivation. The enzyme which synthesized pyridoxine glucoside via transglucosidation from sucrose to pyridoxine was purified from Micrococcus sp. No. 431 by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite and Sephadex G-100 column chromatogra-phies. The enzyme was purified about 354-fold and confirmed to be homogenous in poly-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation.
Notch Signaling Functions in Retinal Pericyte Survival (2014)

Purpose.: Pericytes, the vascular cells that constitute the outer layer of capillaries, have been shown to have a crucial role in vascular development and stability. Loss of pericytes precedes endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular degeneration in small-vessel diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. Despite their clinical relevance, the cellular pathways controlling survival of retinal pericytes remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, we investigated the role of Notch signaling, a master regulator of cell fate decisions, in retinal pericyte survival.\n\nMethods.: A coculture system of ligand-dependent Notch signaling was developed using primary cultured retinal pericytes and a mesenchymal cell line derived from an inducible mouse model expressing the Delta-like 1 Notch ligand. This model was used to examine the effect of Notch activity on pericyte survival using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a light-induced cell death assay. The effect of Notch gain- and loss-of-function was analyzed in monocultures of retinal pericytes using antibody arrays to interrogate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.\n\nResults.: Primary cultured retinal pericytes differentially expressed key molecules of the Notch pathway and displayed strong expression of canonical Notch/RBPJK (recombination signal-binding protein 1 for J-kappa) downstream targets. A gene expression screen using gain- and loss-of-function approaches identified genes relevant to cell survival as downstream targets of Notch activity in retinal pericytes. Ligand-mediated Notch activity protected retinal pericytes from light-induced cell death.\n\nConclusions.: Our results have identified signature genes downstream of Notch activity in retinal pericytes and suggest that tight regulation of Notch signaling is crucial for pericyte survival.
Thermal comfort and energy performance of chilled ceiling systems (2012)

Chilled ceiling systems are a relatively new approach to cooling and they have been applied in Europe and other countries for many years. The technology is based on ceiling-based radiant cooling panels coupled with chilled water pipes or coils. By combing convection and radiation, these systems have the potential to enhance thermal comfort and reduce energy use in air-conditioned buildings. This research studied the basic principles and key characteristics of chilled ceiling systems in order to assess their potential benefits on thermal comfort and energy performance. Field studies in two pilot projects in Hong Kong were carried out to investigate the system performance and practical considerations. Building energy simulation was applied to assess the potential benefits of the system on building energy performance. It is found from the field studies that the thermal comfort can be maintained in most of the time but some occupants feel that the air movement is sometimes too low. As compared with the conventional all-air systems, the chilled ceiling systems can reduce energy requirements by increasing chilled water temperature, decreasing supply air flow, downsizing air handling equipment and promoting higher room temperature. The results of building energy simulation show that the fan energy saving is the most important component and the percentages of energy saving for the HVAC system (19.8%) and the whole building (12.1%) are significant.
MASIA: recognition of common patterns and properties in multiple aligned protein sequences (2000)

Access MASIA at http://www.scsb.utmb.edu/masia/ma sia.html.
Technological aspects related to the use of bifidobacteria in dairy products (2005)

Dairy-related bifidobacteria are already used in a wide variety of probiotic dairy products including milk, cheese, frozen yoghurt-like product and ice cream. The survival of bifidobacteria in fermented dairy products depends on varied factors such as the strain of bacteria used, fermentation conditions, storage temperature, and preservation methods. Growth of bifidobacteria in milk is often slow or limited compared with lactic acid bacteria used in fermented dairy products, and this appears partially due to low proteolytic activities. When manufacturing cheese or yoghurt-like product, addition of probiotic cultures to the normal starters generally results in slower growth of the probiotic strains than if they were added alone in milk. The use of higher inocula of bifidobacteria and the addition of growth promoting factors as a nitrogen source should further enhance the growth and viability of the bifidobacteria. Although the most common processing stage at which to add the bifidobacteria to the milk would be in conjunction with the other starter cultures, other alternative processing protocols have been successful in incorporating the bifidobacteria into cheese and cultured dairy products. The success of the incorporation of bifidobacteria into cheeses is dependent on the bifidobacteria strains, the activity of lactic acid bacteria used in the manufacture of the cheese, the composition of the cheese, and the conditions of processing and ripening. Changes in the chemical composition and the texture of the fermented products can occur in cheeses and fermented milks without affecting sensorial properties.
Direct 12-Electron Oxidation of Ethanol on a Ternary Au(core)-PtIr(Shell) Electrocatalyst (2019)

Understanding the roles of metals and atomic structures in activating various elementary steps of electrocatalytic reactions can help rational design of binary or ternary catalysts for promoting activity toward desirable products via favorable pathways. Here we report on a newly developed ternary Au@PtIr core-shell catalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solutions, which exhibits an activity enhancement of 6 orders of magnitude compared to AuPtIr alloy catalysts. Analysis of in situ infrared reflection absorption spectra for Au@PtIr and its bimetallic subsets, Au@Pt and PtIr alloy, found that monatomic steps and Au-induced tensile strain on PtIr facilitate C-C bond splitting via ethanol dissociative adsorption and Ir promotes dehydrogenation at low potentials. As evidenced by the CO band being observed only for the PtIr alloy that is rather inactive for ethanol dissociative adsorption, we propose that splitting the C-C bond at the earliest stage of EOR activates a direct 12-electron full oxidation pathway because hydrogen-rich fragments can be fully oxidized without CO as a poisoning intermediate. The resulting synergy of complementary effects of Au core and surface Ir leads to an outstanding performance of Au@PtIr for EOR as characterized by a low onset potential of 0.3 V and 8.3 A mg<sup>-1</sup><sub>all-metals</sub> peak current with 57% currents generated via full ethanol oxidation.
A compressed video database structured for active browsing and search (2002)

We describe a unique system called ViBE (video browsing environment) for browsing and searching large databases of video sequences. The system first computes the DC sequence for a given MPEG sequence. It then detects and identifies shot boundaries by using the generalized trace. A hierarchical tree structure is constructed for shot comparison and keyframe extraction. In addition to low level image features, the system also uses pseudo semantic features to characterize the frames. Finally, the results are presented to the user in an active browsing environment which we call a similarity pyramid. The users can also prune and reorganize the environment using relevance feedback methods.
DIE ANTRIEBSSCHLUPFREGELUNG ASR - EINE KONSEQUENTE ERWEITERUNG DES ABS (1988)

DIE AUFGABE DER SICHERUNG VON STABILITAET UND LENKBARKEIT BEIM BREMSEN WIRD BEREITS HEUTE IN ZUNEHMENDEM MASSE DURCH ANTIBLOCKIERSYSTEME GELOEST. DIE ENTSPRECHENDE AUFGABE BEIM BESCHLEUNIGEN UEBERNIMMT DIE ANTRIEBSSCHLUPFREGELUNG ASR. DIE REGELUNG DER ANTRIEBSRAEDER INNERHALB EINES OPTIMALEN ANTRIEBSSCHLUPFBEREICHS KANN AUF VERSCHIEDENE ARTEN ODER DURCH KOMBINATIONEN DARAUS GELOEST WERDEN, WIE ANPASSUNG DES MOTORDREHMOMENTS, ABBREMSUNG DER ANTRIEBSRAEDER, SPERRDIFFERENTIALREGELUNG UND EINGRIFF IN DIE KOPPLUNG DES MOTORS AN DIE ANTRIEBSRAEDER. VERSCHIEDENE LOESUNGSMOEGLICHKEITEN DES ASR-PROBLEMS WERDEN BESCHRIEBEN. DIE WICHTIGSTEN MASSNAHMEN SIND DIE EINGRIFFE IN DAS DREHMOMENT DES FAHRZEUGMOTORS UEBER ZYLINDERFUELLUNG, ZUENDUNG UND/ODER KRAFTSTOFFEINSPRITZUNG, IN DIE BREMSEN DER ANGETRIEBENEN RAEDER ODER IN EIN STEUERBARES SPERRDIFFERENTIAL. DIESE MASSNAHMEN BEEINFLUSSEN SCHWERPUNKTMAESSIG DIE STABILITAET/LENKBARKEIT ODER DEN VORTRIEB. MIT DEN ASR-EINRICHTUNGEN KANN AUCH DIE SOGENANNTE MOTORSCHLEPPMOMENTREGELUNG (MSR) VERWIRKLICHT WERDEN, DIE FUER FAHRSTABILITAET/LENKFAEHIGKEIT BESONDERS BEI FAHRZEUGEN MIT HANDSCHALTGETRIEBE SORGT.
Reduction of the Allergenicity of Soybean by Treatment with Proteases. (1996)

Soybeans were treated with proteases to reduce allergenicity. By immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody against a major soybean allergen (Gly m Bd 30K), two of eight proteases so far tested were selected to achieve a reduction in allergenicity. Both antigenicity to the monoclonal antibody and allergenicity to the sera from soybean-sensitive patients proved to be markedly reduced by processing with either protease. Thus, soybeans treated with an appropriate protease may possibly be supplied as a hypoallergenic foodstuff for patients.
A Modeling Framework for Six Degree-of-Freedom Control of Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicles (2006)

A detailed six degree-of-freedom (DOF) nonlinear dynamic model of an Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicle (USSV) is developed. Models of the significant hydrodynamic effects including radiation-induced and damping forces and moments are incorporated. Disturbance models of forces and moments caused by ocean currents, waves, and wind are also included. Detailed models of the actuators including thrusters/propellers and control surfaces are included. To illustrate the importance of a six DOF modeling and the impact of disturbances, simulation results with two different controllers are presented. The detailed mathematical modeling in this paper is intended to provide the appropriate framework for a control design which explicitly addresses the six DOF USSV dynamics along with the disturbances.
Metagenomic sequencing of expressed prostate secretions (2014)

To investigate which microorganisms may be present in expressed prostate secretions (EPS) metagenomic sequencing (MGS) was applied to prostate secretion samples from five men with prostatitis and five matched control men as well as to combined expressed prostate secretion and urine from six patients with prostate cancer and six matched control men. The prostate secretion samples contained a variety of bacterial sequences, mostly belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. The combined prostate secretion and urine samples were dominated by abundant presence of the JC polyomavirus, representing >20% of all detected metagenomic sequence reads. There were also other viruses detected, for example, human papillomavirus type 81. All combined prostate secretion and urine samples were also positive for Proteobacteria. In summary, MGS of expressed prostate secretion is informative for detecting a variety of bacteria and viruses, suggesting that a more large-scale use of MGS of prostate secretions may be useful in medical and epidemiological studies of prostate infections.
Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Graphite (1993)

The results of a study of the electrochemical intercalation of lithium into Lonza KS15 artificial graphite in 1M PC/EC (50:50) electrolyte are presented here. Electrolyte decomposition reactions occur during the first discharge at about 0.8 V vs. Li metal and their extent is greatly reduced by addition of crown ethers with 12 crown 4 being most effective. A mechanism is proposed for electrolyte decomposition reactions which includes at least two types of process, namely, propylene and ethylene evolution and formation on the surface of graphite of a solid electrolyte interphase film which includes lithium alkyl carbonates. The stoichiometry of lithium intercalation into graphite is found to be inversely dependent on the cycling rates and electrode thickness and proportional to the amount of carbon black added to the graphite.
DiFi: Fast 3D Distance Field Computation Using Graphics Hardware (2004)

Abstract We present an algorithm for fast computation of discretized 3D distance fields using graphics hardware. Given a set of primitives and a distance metric, our algorithm computes the distance field for each slice of a uniform spatial grid baly rasterizing the distance functions of the primitives. We compute bounds on the spatial extent of the Voronoi region of each primitive. These bounds are used to cull and clamp the distance functions rendered for each slice. Our algorithm is applicable to all geometric models and does not make any assumptions about connectivity or a manifold representation. We have used our algorithm to compute distance fields of large models composed of tens of thousands of primitives on high resolution grids. Moreover, we demonstrate its application to medial axis evaluation and proximity computations. As compared to earlier approaches, we are able to achieve an order of magnitude improvement in the running time. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Distance fields, Voronoi regions, graphics hardware, proximity computations
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Transdermal Fentanyl after Abdominal Hysterectomy Analgesic, Respiratory, and Pharmacokinetic Effects (1994)

Application of TTSF patches 2 h preoperatively is associated with moderate supplementary opioid requirements for analgesia in the early postoperative period and ongoing opioid supplementation for at least 72 h. Although good analgesia is the result of this combination therapy, it is associated with a high incidence of respiratory depression requiring intensive monitoring oxygen supplementation, removal of the TTSF patches in approximately 11% of the patients and opioid reversal with naloxone in approximately 8% of the patients.
Dual-probe scanning tunneling microscope: Measuring a carbon nanotube ring transistor (2001)

We have constructed a dual-probe scanning tunneling microscope (D-STM). We used multiwall carbon nanotubes [(NT), diameter: ∼10 nm] as STM probes. The D-STM allows us to elucidate the electric property of a sample with a spatial resolution of ∼1 nm. Using this system, we have measured the current–voltage curves of a single NT ring as a transistor. The curves show the possibility of nanometer-scale electronic circuits composed of NT devices.
Easily Regenerable Affinity Chromatographic Zirconia-Based Support with Concanavalin A as a Model Ligand (1994)

The goal of this work was to develop a generic approach for producing affinity chromatographic columns which can be regenerated. Concanavalin A (Con A) was immobilized adsorptively by an in situ method onto a zirconium dioxide (zirconia) chromatographic support and used to resolve chromophorically labeled monosaccharides. The Con A was then removed from the zirconia by flushing with base. The same column was regenerated by applying a fresh aliquot of Con A. This cycle was repeated several times to demonstrate consistency in the loading capacity and the stability of the underlying zirconia support. Finally we used glutaraldehyde to cross-link the Con A to increase the long-term stability of the column. Hydrolyzing the protein with acid allowed it to be removed under alkaline conditions and the column regenerated simply by adding more Con A followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking.