gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retardation in Bone Resorption after Bone Marrow Ablation in Klotho Mutant Mice (2000)

The klotho gene mutant mice exhibit both osteopetrotic phenotype, including elongation of trabeculae in the epiphyses of long bones and vertebral bodies, and osteopenic phenotype, such as thin cortical bones in the diaphyses of these bones. These diverse features raise the question of whether the klotho gene defect results in alteration in bone resorption in vivo. Therefore, we examined the effect of the klotho gene defect on bone resorption by using bone marrow ablation model. At 1 week after bone marrow ablation, trabecular bones were formed in the ablated marrow cavity to levels higher than those in unablated bones in both klotho mutant and wild-type mice. At 2 weeks postsurgery, newly formed trabecular bones were resorbed in wild-type mice to resume normal bone marrow and trabecular bone volume fraction as reported previously. In contrast, the newly formed trabecular bones in the ablated marrow in klotho mutant mice remained at levels similar to those at 1 week. The defect in the bone resorption phase in klotho mutant mice is associated with site-specific reduction of the number and size of osteoclasts in klotho mutant mice. Moreover, the expression levels of osteoprotegerin messenger RNA in the ablated femora of klotho mutant mice were higher than those in wild-type mice. These results indicate that lack of klotho gene expression suppressed bone resorption that should normally take place 2 weeks after bone marrow ablation.
Characterization of CA XIII, a Novel Member of the Carbonic Anhydrase Isozyme Family (2004)

The carbonic anhydrase (CA) gene family has been reported to consist of at least 11 enzymatically active members and a few inactive homologous proteins. Recent analyses of human and mouse databases provided evidence that human and mouse genomes contain genes for still another novel CA isozyme hereby named CA XIII. In the present study, we modeled the structure of human CA XIII. This model revealed a globular molecule with high structural similarity to cytosolic isozymes, CA I, II, and III. Recombinant mouse CA XIII showed catalytic activity similar to those of mitochondrial CA V and cytosolic CA I, with k(cat)/K(m) of 4.3 x 10(7) m(-1) s(-1), and k(cat) of 8.3 x 10(4) s(-1). It is very susceptible to inhibition by sulfonamide and anionic inhibitors, with inhibition constants of 17 nm for acetazolamide, a clinically used sulfonamide, and of 0.25 microm, for cyanate, respectively. Using panels of cDNAs we evaluated human and mouse CA13 gene expression in a number of different tissues. In human tissues, positive signals were identified in the thymus, small intestine, spleen, prostate, ovary, colon, and testis. In mouse, positive tissues included the spleen, lung, kidney, heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and testis. We also investigated the cellular and subcellular localization of CA XIII in human and mouse tissues using an antibody raised against a polypeptide of 14 amino acids common for both human and mouse orthologues. Immunohistochemical staining showed a unique and widespread distribution pattern for CA XIII compared with the other cytosolic CA isozymes. In conclusion, the predicted amino acid sequence, structural model, distribution, and activity data suggest that CA XIII represents a novel enzyme, which may play important physiological roles in several organs.
Can the Thoracic Kyphosis Be Modeled With a Simple Geometric Shape? (2002)

Many Cobb measurements have been reported at various levels for the thoracic kyphosis, but geometric models of the shape of kyphosis are rare. Thoracic vertebral bodies were digitized on 80 normal lateral full-spine radiographs to obtain the mean thoracic kyphosis. Global and segmental angles were determined. Computer iteration processes passed geometric shapes through the posterior body coordinates of the mean thoracic kyphosis to determine the best fit model in the least squares sense. The kyphosis was closely modeled with ellipses. The T1 and T12 areas tended to be flatter in curvature when compared with T2-T11, indicating these are inflection points. Mean global angles were Cobb(T1-T12) = 44.2 degrees, Cobb(T2-T11) = 39.9 degrees, and Cobb(T3-T10) = 33.3 degrees. The T2-T11 kyphotic region was closely modeled with approximately a 70-degree portion of an ellipse, with minor axis to major axis ratios of 0.6 to 0.72, and with major axis parallel to the posterior body margin of T11.
Hybrid electro-optical feedback gain-stabilized EDFAs for long-reach wavelength-multiplexed passive optical networks (2009)

A novel EDFA gain stabilization technique is given for low-noise WDM upstream amplification in long-reach, high-split passive optical networks. Hybrid opto-electrical feedback avoids drawbacks from known optical feedback or pump-laser steering methods in access networks.
Experimental Evidence for Cobalt(III)-Carbene Radicals: Key Intermediates in Cobalt(II)-Based Metalloradical Cyclopropanation (2011)

New and conclusive evidence has been obtained for the existence of cobalt(III)-carbene radicals that have been previously proposed as the key intermediates in the underlying mechanism of metalloradical cyclopropanation by cobalt(II) complexes of porphyrins. In the absence of olefin substrates, reaction of [Co(TPP)] with ethyl styryldiazoacetate was found to generate the corresponding cobalt(III)-vinylcarbene radical that subsequently dimerizes via its γ-radical allylic resonance form to afford a dinuclear cobalt(III) porphyrin complex. X-ray structural analysis reveals a highly compact dimeric structure wherein the two metalloporphyrin units are arranged in a face-to-face fashion through a tetrasubstituted 1,5-hexadiene C(6)-bridge between the two Co(III) centers. The γ-radical allylic resonance form of the cobalt(III)-vinylcarbene radical intermediate could be effectively trapped by TEMPO via C-O bond formation to give a mononuclear cobalt(III) complex instead of the dimeric product. The allylic radical nature and related reactivity profile of the cobalt(III)-carbene radical, including its inability to abstract hydrogen atoms from toluene solvent, were established by DFT calculations.
Comparative study of polyether-type neutral carriers for the potentiometric sensing of guanidinium ions (1989)

Poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes, based on dibenzo-27-crown-9 [(DB27C9)(sensor 1)], dibenzo-30-crown-10 [(DB30C10)(sensor 2)], bis(metaphenylene)-26-crown-8 [(BMP26C8)(sensor 3)], 1,11-bis(2-benzyloxy-5-formylphenoxy)-3,6,9-trioxaundecane (sensor 4) and 1,11-bis(2-hydroxy-5-formyl-phenoxy)-3,6,9-trioxaundecane (sensor 5), in conjunction with various solvent mediators and anion excluders, have been tested for their response to guanidinium ions and other inorganic and organic species. Of the various systems studied, the best over-all guanidinium ion-selective electrode (ISE) was based on sensor 3(BMP26C8) with either dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl adipate as solvent mediators, and with or without guanidinium tetraphenylborate or guanidinium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate as the anion excluder. In most instances, the incorporation of the anion excluders in the membrane improved the selectivity towards guanidinium over inorganic cations and lowered the membrane resistance. In turn, the guanidinium ISEs based on the two disubstituted diphenyl ethers (sensors 4 and 5) were superior to those based on sensors 1(DB27C9) and 2(DB30C10). The selectivity coefficients for ten potential inorganic and organic interferents, and the lifetimes, resistances and response times of the electrodes are reported.
Studies on the mechanism of natural killer cytotoxicity. II. coculture of human PBL with NK-sensitive or resistant cell lines stimulates release of natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) selectively cytotoxic to NK-sensitive target cells. (1983)

This investigation has employed the "innocent bystander" type of experimental design to determine whether soluble cytotoxic factor(s) are released during interactions between human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and NK-sensitive target cells. PBL cocultured with NK-sensitive Molt-4 or K562 target cells in the lower well of a miniaturized Marbrook culture released natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF), which diffused across a 0.2-mu Nucleopore membrane and lysed Molt-4 or K562 target cells cultured in the upper chamber. Coculture of PBL with the NK-resistant Raji or WI-L2 cell lines also induced release of NKCF. These factors were selectively cytotoxic to NK-sensitive targets and lysed Molt-4 and, to a lesser extent, K562 cells. However, Raji, WI-L2, and RPMI 1788 cells were all resistant to lysis. In addition, low density fractions from Percoll density gradients that were enriched for NK effector cells also released increased levels of NKCF during coculture with Molt-4 cells. Lysis of Molt-4 and K562 targets was observed after exposure to NKCF for 48 hr and 60 to 70 hr, respectively. Cellfree supernatants containing NKCF were obtained after a short time of incubation (i.e., within 5 hr of coculture of PBL with NK target cells). The factors were nondialyzable, stable at 56 degrees C for 3 hr, and showed partial loss of activity on storage at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C for 7 days. These data suggest that NKCF may be involved in the lytic mechanism of human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Wideband microstrip-fed monopole antenna having frequency band-notch function (2005)

A novel and compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip-fed monopole antenna having frequency band notch function is presented. To increase the impedance bandwidth of an antenna, a narrow slit is used. By inserting a modified inverted U-slot on the proposed antenna, the frequency band notch characteristic is obtained. The designed antenna satisfies the voltage standing wave ratio requirement of less than 2.0 in the frequency band between 3 and 11 GHz while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency band of 5.0 to 5.9 GHz.
Targeting Mitochondria for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease (2012)

This development in drug targets needs to be supported by a parallel improvement in clinical trial design to be able to detect a neuroprotective or disease-modifying effect over a reasonable time scale.
<b>The Photochemical Degradation of Riboflavin</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Photochemical Degradation of RiboflavinEddie C. Smith and David E. MetzlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 20, 3285–3288Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00903a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00903a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views984Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Methods for Shutting Off Water in Oil and Gas Wells (1936)

The fact that intrusion of water into oil wells can be prevented by treatingthe sand adjacent to the well seems to have been only recently recognized. Swan1 mentions the process of solidifying naphthalene in strata. R. Van A. Millsrecommends the use of materials such as sodium silicate and sodium carbonate, which react with oil-field water to form solid plugging agents. When a well is drilled in a new field the oil sands are found essentiallydevoid of water (Fig. 1). Unless a completely impermeable break exists over wide areas in the field, no water is found above the lower limit of theoil zone and no oil is found below the upper limit of the water zone. Afterconsiderable oil has been taken from the well, however, it is almost universalexperience that water intrusion occurs. This intrusion may be of two kinds. Thewater may follow a path parallel to the bedding planes of the producingformation through loose streaks in the pay sand, as shown in Fig. 2, or thewater level of the field may rise and enter the well by coning (Fig. 3). Waterentering from the side is called "edge water," and that coming in fromthe bottom is called "bottom water."
Maximum likelihood estimation of point scatterers for computational time-reversal imaging (2005)

We present a statistical framework for the fixed-frequency computational timereversal imaging problem assuming point scatterers in a known background medium. Our statistical measurement models are based on the physical models of the multistatic response matrix, the distorted wave Born approximation and Foldy-Lax multiple scattering models. We develop maximum likelihood (ML) estimators of the locations and reflection parameters of the scatterers. Using a simplified single-scatterer model, we also propose a likelihood time-reversal imaging technique which is suboptimal but computationally efficient and can be used to initialize the ML estimation. We generalize the fixed-frequency likelihood imaging to multiple frequencies, and demonstrate its effectiveness in resolving the grating lobes of a sparse array. This enables to achieve high resolution by deploying a large-aperture array consisting of a small number of antennas while avoiding spatial ambiguity. Numerical and experimental examples are used to illustrate the applicability of our results.
AlN/AlGaN short-period superlattice sacrificial layers in laser lift-off for vertical-type AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (2009)

Large-area (∼1 cm2) laser lift-off (LLO) wafer separation of Al0.45Ga0.55N layers from AlN/sapphire templates has been demonstrated by using 200-period AlN/Al0.22Ga0.78N short-period superlattice (SPSL) sacrificial layers instead of conventional GaN photoabsorbing layers. The SPSL functions as the photoabsorbing and mechanically weakened layer in the LLO process. This SPSL-assisted LLO technique promises future progress of vertical-type deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes and freestanding AlN–AlGaN bulk substrates.
Intelligent speculation for pipelined multithreading (2008)

In recent years, microprocessor manufacturers have shifted their focus from single-core to multi-core processors. Since many of today’s applications are single-threaded and since it is likely that many of tomorrow’s applications will have far fewer threads than there will be processor cores, automatic thread extraction is an essential tool for effectively leveraging today’s multi-core and tomorrow’s many-core processors. A recently proposed technique, Decoupled Software Pipelining (DSWP), has demonstrated promise by partitioning loops into long-running threads organized into a pipeline. Using a pipeline organization and execution decoupled by inter-core communication queues, DSWP offers increased execution efficiency that is largely independent of inter-core communication latency and variability in intra-thread performance. 
This dissertation extends the pipelined parallelism paradigm with speculation. Using speculation, dependences that manifest infrequently or are easily predictable can be safely ignored by the compiler allowing it to carve more, and better balanced, thread-based pipeline stages from a single thread of execution. Prior speculative threading proposals were obligated to speculate most, if not all, loop-carried dependences to squeeze the code segment under consideration into the mold required by the parallelization paradigm. Unlike those techniques, this dissertation demonstrates that speculation need only break the longest few dependence cycles to enhance the applicability and scalability of the pipelined multi-threading paradigm. By speculatively breaking these cycles, instructions that were formerly restricted to a single thread to ensure decoupling are now free to span multiple threads. To demonstrate the effectiveness of speculative pipelined multi-threading, this dissertation presents the design and experimental evaluation of our fully automatic compiler transformation, Speculative Decoupled Software Pipelining, a speculative extension to DSWP. 
This dissertation additionally introduces multi-threaded transactional memories to support speculative pipelined multi-threading. Similar to past speculative parallelization approaches, speculative pipelined multi-threading relies on runtime-system support to buffer speculative modifications to memory. However, this dissertation demonstrates that existing proposals to buffer speculative memory state, transactional memories, are insufficient for speculative pipelined multi-threading because the speculative buffers are restricted to a single thread. Further, this dissertation demonstrates that this limitation leads to modularity and composability problems even for transactional programming, thus limiting the potential of that approach also. To surmount these limitations, this thesis introduces multi-threaded transactional memories and presents an initial hardware implementation.
Viral markers in HIV infection and AIDS. (1993)

Viral and immune markers are used for monitoring either progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or response to antiviral therapy. Ideal properties of viral markers are that they are present in all HIV-infected persons at all stages of disease, that they are related to disease pathogenesis, that they can be easily quantitated, that this quantitation correlates rapidly and predictably with both disease stage and response to antivirals, and that they can be developed into rapid, reproducible automated tests. Currently available viral markers include HIV p24 antigenemia (after acid glycine dissociation), anti-p24 antibody titres, quantitative DNA and RNA polymerase chain reaction performed on cells and plasma, and HIV isolate phenotype. In Australia, these markers have been studied in acute HIV seroconversion, in neonatal infection, in body fluids other than blood, and in monitoring of response to antiviral drug therapy.
Speed measurement and acceleration/deceleration control for a stepper motor based on a programmable logic controller (2011)

In order to achieve real-time monitoring of the speed of rotating machines,speed measurement based on digital frequency and frequency/cycle methods has been realized using the time base interrupt and speed counter interrupt function of a programmable controller.The acceleration and deceleration curves for the stepper motor including the types of power function—linear and exponential—were designed using the high-speed pulse output function to achieve smooth and stable control of the stepper motor.Taking the situation when the reciprocating compressor was in full load as an example,by means of specific program design and experiment,the real-time monitoring of the compressor crankshaft speed was realized successfully by the use of the frequency/cycle method.A smooth acceleration control for the stepper motor was then achieved by applying a linear control curve.
Topometry of technical and biological objects by fringe projection (1995)

Fringe projection is a fast and accurate technique for obtaining the topometry of a wide range of surfaces. Here some features of the principle are described, together with the possibilities of adapting this technique for the measurement of vaulted surfaces. We discuss various methods of phase evaluation and compare them with simulated computer data to obtain the resolution limits. Under certain restrictions a semispatial algorithm, called the modified Fourier analysis algorithm, gives the best results. One special subject of interest is the application of fringe projection for the measurement of the three-dimensional surface of the cornea. First results of in vivo measurements are presented.
Intercostal catheterization (1987)

Twenty-one patients scheduled to undergo thoracotomy or median sternotomy had intercostal catheters inserted pre-operatively. During thoracotomy, under direct vision, the spread of 20 ml of a solution containing bupivacaine and methylene blue was followed. In most cases the spread involved one or two intercostal spaces. However, in all but one patient, dye spread medially to the paravertebral space where it then spread in both caudad and cephalad directions to reach between two and five vertebrae. In three cases, dye was seen crossing the anterior surface of the vertebrae to reach the contralateral aspect. It is concluded that a major component of dermatomal block during intercostal catheterisations may be secondary to paravertebral spread.
Beam Dynamics in a Hybrid Standing Wave-Traveling Wave Photoinjector (2006)

We discuss the dynamics of a photoinjector beam in a hybrid traveling wave‐standing wave photoinjector. With the field profile deduced from electromagnetic simulations, it is seen that the acceleration program induces strong velocity bunching. The beam dynamics in this scenario are explored using UCLA PARMELA. With a solenoid field overlaid on the TW section one may control emittance oscillations during bunching and acceleration. It is seen that the S‐band device currently under development at UCLA may produce a 1 nC, 21 MeV, 100 micron rms pulse length beam, with emittance of 3 mm‐mrad. Applications of this beam for creating coherent radiation are discussed.
3D human pose from silhouettes by relevance vector regression (2004)

We describe a learning based method for recovering 3D human body pose from single images and monocular image sequences. Our approach requires neither an explicit body model nor prior labelling of body pans in the image. Instead, it recovers pose by direct nonlinear regression against shape descriptor vectors extracted automatically from image silhouettes. For robustness against local silhouette segmentation errors, silhouette shape is encoded by histogram-of-shape-contexts descriptors. For the main regression, we evaluate both regularized least squares and relevance vector machine (RVM) regressors over both linear and kernel bases. The RVM's provide much sparser regressors without compromising performance, and kernel bases give a small but worthwhile improvement in performance. For realism and good generalization with respect to viewpoints, we train the regressors on images resynthesized from real human motion capture data, and test it both quantitatively on similar independent test data, and qualitatively on a real image sequence. Mean angular errors of 6-7 degrees are obtained - a factor of 3 better than the current state of the art for the much simpler upper body problem.
Fluorescence microscope to observe dynamical processes in monomolecular layers at the air/water interface (1984)

An experimental setup is described to microscopically observe surfactant monolayers at the air/water interface. It basically consists of a film balance, incorporated into a fluorescence microscope, detecting the emission of dye probes. The apparatus is stable enough to observe dynamical processes over more than 5 h, with a spatial resolution of less than 2 μm and is sensitive enough to use probe concentrations as low as 0.1 mol%. Examples of surface textures appearing during lipid phase transitions demonstrate the good performance characteristics.