gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a full encoder/decoder in the AWG configuration for code-based photonic routers-part I: modeling and design (2006)

A detailed description of the design guidelines for a full encoder/decoder that is able to generate/process a set of optical codes simultaneously is reported. The device has an array-waveguide-grating configuration, but the corresponding design rules are different from those of a multiplexer/demultiplexer. In an accurate model, based on diffraction theory, the slab diffraction effect and the loss nonuniformity are analyzed. Furthermore, the performance of the phase-shift-keyed codes simultaneously generated by the device and the corresponding packet-loss probability are also investigated.
Applying Ada, Java and CORBA for making a command and control information system platform independent (1999)

In this paper, we describe our experiences in applying CORBA and Java while redesigning an experimental command and control information system that is programmed in Ada 83. Our goal was to allow the user to use the system from any platform with minimal requirements to system resources.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (2005)

Purpose: Surgical approaches remain the only curative option for HCC. The two main procedures available are resection and liver transplantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of 36 patients treated surgically with curative intent at the UIC. Methods: Information about all patients with HCC treated at UIC since 1998 was retrospectively collected by electronic chart review. Statistical Analysis was performed utilizing the SAS Biostatistical software. Results: A Total of 194 patients were identified. The distribution of the stages was: 18 (9.2%) were Stage I, 65(33.5%) stage II, 44(22.7%) stage III, 60(30.9%) stage IV and 7(3.6%) had unclear stage. Of these, 36 (18.6%) underwent surgical therapies with curative intent. Eleven (5.7% of the total), underwent resection and 25 (12.9%), transplant. Using the Wilcoxon statistical test, the median survival time for these patients was 37 months with 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) 30–42 months. In patients treated with non surgical therapies the median survival was 12 months (CI 95% 8–17 months) p < 0.0001. The median survival for patients undergoing transplant was 38 months (CI 95% 31–58) and it was 26 months (CI 95% 1–37) for the resection group. The median time to recurrence for all surgically treated patients was 33 months (CI 95% 22–37 months). There was no significant difference in the recurrence time between transplant and resection groups. Recurrence was treated with a second surgical procedure, ethanol ablation, chemoembolization or systemic chemotherapy. Even though the percentage of patients potentially eligible for surgery (stages I and II combined) was 44.1%, less than half of these received either one. The inferior median survival of the patients treated with palliative modalities is probably explained at least in part by a more advanced median stage as well as other comorbidities that precluded surgery. Survival seemed better in patients treated with transplant than in those treated with resection; however these results should be taken with caution because of the wide confidence interval. Conclusions: HCC continues to carry a very poor prognosis. Patients who are able to undergo surgical resection or transplant have the longest survival but most patients are not eligible for these interventions.
Modeling of LTE DRX in RRC Idle state (2017)

In LTE/LTE-A the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mechanism is the main approach for power saving in User Equipments (UEs) when in Connected and Idle mode. In this paper, an Idle mode DRX mechanism model is proposed also enabling evaluation of closely related mechanisms such as paging and Tracking Area Update (TAU). Two performance metrics are derived, namely the reachability delay and the power saving factor.
Click Chemistry for <sup>18</sup>F-Labeling of RGD Peptides and microPET Imaging of Tumor Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Expression (2007)

The cell adhesion molecule integrin alpha vbeta 3 plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. A series of (18)F-labeled RGD peptides have been developed for PET of integrin expression based on primary amine reactive prosthetic groups. In this study, we report the use of the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition, also known as a click reaction, to label RGD peptides with (18)F by forming 1,2,3-triazoles. Nucleophilic fluorination of a toluenesulfonic alkyne provided (18)F-alkyne in high yield (nondecay-corrected yield: 65.0 +/- 1.9%, starting from the azeotropically dried (18)F-fluoride), which was then reacted with an RGD azide (nondecay-corrected yield: 52.0 +/- 8.3% within 45 min including HPLC purification). The (18)F-labeled peptide was subjected to microPET studies in murine xenograft models. Murine microPET experiments showed good tumor uptake (2.1 +/- 0.4%ID/g at 1 h postinjection (p.i.)) with rapid renal and hepatic clearance of (18)F-fluoro-PEG-triazoles-RGD 2 ( (18)F-FPTA-RGD2) in a subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma xenograft model (kidney 2.7 +/- 0.8%ID/g; liver 1.9 +/- 0.4%ID/g at 1 h p.i.). Metabolic stability of the newly synthesized tracer was also analyzed (intact tracer ranging from 75% to 99% at 1 h p.i.). In brief, the new tracer (18)F-FPTA-RGD2 was synthesized with high radiochemical yield and high specific activity. This tracer exhibited good tumor-targeting efficacy and relatively good metabolic stability, as well as favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. This new (18)F labeling method based on click reaction may also be useful for radiolabeling of other biomolecules with azide groups in high yield.
Pharmacological Characterization of the Mechanism of Action of <b>R523062</b>, a Promising Antiviral for Enterovirus D68 (2020)

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a re-emerging virus that causes moderate to severe respiratory diseases in children. In severe cases, EV-D68 infection can lead to neurological complications called acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). There is currently no antiviral or vaccine available for EV-D68. The goal of this study is to delineate the mechanism of action of a promising antiviral drug candidate <b>R523062</b> that was identified through a phenotypic cytopathic effect (CPE)-based high-throughput screening. <b>R523062</b> inhibits multiple contemporary EV-D68 strains with single-digit micromolar EC<sub>50</sub> values and is less effective against the enterovirus A71 strains. Resistant mutants identified through serial viral passage experiments were mapped to four viral proteins including VP1-G178S, 2A-V112I, 2C-I227L/Q322R, and 3A-V54A. The involvements of VP1-G178S, 2A-V112I, and 3A-V54A mutants in drug resistance were ruled out by the drug time-of-addition experiment, protease enzymatic assay, and the plaque assay with recombinant virus, respectively. In contrast, recombinant virus encoding the 2C-I227L/Q322R double mutants confers significant drug resistance, which is consistent with the result from serial passage experiments. The thermal shift binding assay showed <b>R523062</b> binds to the wild-type EV-D68 2C and 2C-Q322R but not 2C-I227L or 2C-I227L/Q322R, confirming 2C as the direct drug target of <b>R523062</b> and 2C-I227L alone confers drug resistance. The 2C inhibitor <b>R523062</b> also showed additive antiviral activity with the viral 2A protease inhibitor telaprevir as well as the viral capsid VP1 inhibitor <b>R856932</b>. Collectively, this study identified a promising EV-D68 antiviral drug candidate <b>R523062</b> with a confirmed mechanism of action by targeting the viral 2C protein.
Galectin-1 is a Novel Factor that Regulates Myotube Growth in Regenerating Skeletal Muscles (2005)

Adult skeletal muscles have a vigorous regenerative capacity in response to chemical, mechanical or physical injuries. Muscle satellite cells play a critical role in skeletal muscle regeneration. Activated satellite cells (myoblasts) proliferate and then differentiate. Differentiated myoblasts fuse with each other to form multinucleated myotubes, and the growth of myotubes is induced by both fusion with additional myoblasts and reinnervation of motor neurons. Cellular and molecular events underlying the regenerative processes are regulated by critical factors, which are produced by satellite cells, myoblasts, myotubes, extracellular matrix and inflammatory cells. Galectin-1 is abundantly synthesized in adult skeletal muscles, but its roles in muscle regeneration have not been fully elucidated. We reviewed previous studies on the function of galectin-1 regarding myogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and discussed the roles of this lectin in regenerating skeletal muscles based on our observations. In intact adult muscles, galectin-1 was associated with basement membranes of myofibers. After muscle injury, galectin-1 immunoreactivity was increased within the cytoplasm of activated satellite cells. Thereafter, differentiated myoblasts lost galectin-1 immunoreactivity, but galectin-1 expression associated with basement membranes was detected in myotubes. Administration of anti-galectin-1 antibody, which perturbs the function of galectin-1, decreased the size of myotubes. Furthermore, muscle injury induced abundant expression of galectin-1 in damaged intramuscular nerve axons. We conclude that galectin-1 is a novel factor that promotes both myoblast fusion and axonal growth following muscle injury, and consequently, regulates myotube growth in regenerating skeletal muscles.
Flavins and flavoproteins 1996 : proceedings of the twelfth international symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 30 June - 6 July 1996 (1997)

This publication, a collection of 174 papers, encompasses the fundamental & intricate photochemistry & electron transfer of flavins & flavoproteins, the mechanisms associated with enzymes utilizing flavins (such as dehydrogenases, reductases, oxidases, monooxygenases, synthases, peroxidases), the three-dimensional structures of flavoproteins & flavoenzymes & the emerging role of flavins & flavoproteins in medicine. Flavins & Flavoproteins 1996 continues the series which has appeared every three years since 1965. Presented are overviews of key areas of flavin research, coupled with the most recent understanding of the chemistry/photochemistry of flavins & the structure/function relationship of numerous proteins/enzymes that use flavins as essential cofactors. This book presents detailed studies on the structure & mechanism of flavoenzymes that are reported together with newly discovered medical aspects. It offers new research of high quality with extensive data, figures & bibliographies. The interaction of flavins with other electron carriers such as the cytochromes, metals, & non-heme iron centres is investigated with a variety of spectrophotometric techniques. NMR & crystallography studies have provided new three-dimensional structures of several flavoenzymes & flavoproteins. Numerous papers on an extensive number of flavoenzymes & complex flavoproteins are presented.
Fungicides Application against Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat and Barley for Ensuring Food Safety (2010)

Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, caused by several Fusarium species, especially Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae ( S c h w e i n i t z ) P e t c h ] , i s a widespread and destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and other small-grain cereals These pathogens infect spikes and reduce grain yield and quality. Moreover, Fusarium species that cause FHB produce trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), which are toxic to humans and other animals. The Joint WHO/FAO Expert Committee on Food Additives evaluated the risk of DON and set a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of DON as 1 g/kg body weight in 2001. Accordingly, the Japanese government determined provisional guidelines for DON content in unpolished wheat grains as 1.1 mg kg -1 in 2002. Many other countries have also established maximum allowed levels for DON in cereals and cereal products. There is currently no robust single control measure by which to manage either FHB or mycotoxin contamination in barley and wheat. Fungicide application is one measure available to reduce the risk; however, results have not been highly effective or consistent To obtain increased chemical control of FHB, the timing of fungicide application is an important factor, as well as fungicide selection, application rate, and good coverage of the spike This chapter introduces FHB disease and its related mycotoxins, and summarizes our research on the chemical control of mycotoxin contamination.
The Hexosamine Signaling Pathway: Deciphering the "O-GlcNAc Code" (2005)

A dynamic cycle of addition and removal of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at serine and threonine residues is emerging as a key regulator of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein activity. Like phosphorylation, protein O-GlcNAcylation dramatically alters the posttranslational fate and function of target proteins. Indeed, O-GlcNAcylation may compete with phosphorylation for certain Ser/Thr target sites. Like kinases and phosphatases, the enzymes of O-GlcNAc metabolism are highly compartmentalized and regulated. Yet, O-GlcNAc addition is subject to an additional and unique level of metabolic control. O-GlcNAc transfer is the terminal step in a "hexosamine signaling pathway" (HSP). In the HSP, levels of uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-GlcNAc respond to nutrient excess to activate O-GlcNAcylation. Removal of O-GlcNAc may also be under similar metabolic regulation. Differentially targeted isoforms of the enzymes of O-GlcNAc metabolism allow the participation of O-GlcNAc in diverse intracellular functions. O-GlcNAc addition and removal are key to histone remodeling, transcription, proliferation, apoptosis, and proteasomal degradation. This nutrient-responsive signaling pathway also modulates important cellular pathways, including the insulin signaling cascade in animals and the gibberellin signaling pathway in plants. Alterations in O-GlcNAc metabolism are associated with various human diseases including diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration. This review will focus on current approaches to deciphering the "O-GlcNAc code" in order to elucidate how O-GlcNAc participates in its diverse functions. This ongoing effort requires analysis of the enzymes of O-GlcNAc metabolism, their many targets, and how the O-GlcNAc modification may be regulated.
Stable nickel hydride complexes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable nickel hydride complexesR. A. SchunnCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 2, 394–395Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50084a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50084a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Apoptotic neurons in brains from paediatric patients with HIV‐I encephalitis and progressive encephalopathy (1995)

The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) associated dementia in adults involves neuronal loss from discrete areas of the neocortex and subcortical regions, but the mechanism for neuronal death is poorly understood. Gene‐directed cell death resulting in apoptosis is thought to be a normal feature of neuronal development, but little is known about neuronal apoptosis in disease states. We investigated whether HIV‐1 infection of the central nervous system is spatially associated with apoptosis of neurons. Using an in situ technique to identify newly cleaved 3′‐OH ends of DNA as a marker for apoptosis, we demonstrate the presence of apoptotic neurons in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of children that had HIV‐1 encephalitis with progressive encephalopathy. Furthermore, an association was observed between the localization of apoptotic neurons and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates containing HIV‐1 infected macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Apoptotic neurons and p24–positive macrophages were observed infrequently in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in children with HIV‐1 infection without encephalitis or clinical encephalopathy. In nine control (HIV‐1 negative) brains, ranging from the first post‐natal month of life to 16.5 years of age, infrequent neuronal apoptosis was observed in three cases. These findings suggest that neuronal apoptosis is unlikely to be associated with post‐natal development except in early post‐natal germinal matrix, and that it may instead represent the end result of specific pathological processes, such as HIV‐1 encephalitis.
Oxidation of carbazole to 3-hydroxycarbazole by naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase and biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (1993)

Naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4 and biphenyl dioxygenase from Beijerinckia sp. B8/36 oxidized the aromatic N-heterocycle carbazole to 3-hydroxycarbazole. Toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida F39/D did not oxidize carbazole. Transformations were carried out by mutant strains which oxidize naphthalene and biphenyl to cis-dihydrodiols, and with a recombinant E. coli strain expressing the structural genes of naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4. 3-Hydroxycarbazole is presumed to result from the dehydration of an unstable cis-dihydrodiol.
Ring Formation in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (1999)

Nanotube rings were fabricated from straight single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with yields exceeding 50%. The rings result from the folding of nanotubes onto themselves under ultrasonic irradiation to form coils with a narrow distribution of radii (300−400 nm). A simple continuum elastic model is used to discuss the thermodynamic stability of the rings. Their formation involves a balance between tube-tube van der Waals adhesion and the strain energy resulting from the coiling-induced curvature. Our findings suggest that ring formation is a kinetically controlled process where bubble cavitation, generated by ultrasonic irradiation, provides the energy necessary to activate ring formation. The electrical conductance of the rings is measured as a function of temperature and in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. While the rings consist of bundles of many metallic and semiconducting SWNTs, they exhibit metallic behavior at low temperatures, and quantum interference effects are clearly observed.
Testing of Gas-Tight Joints Under Extreme Conditions (1982)

ABSTRACT During production from high-pressure gas wells, the casing and tubing strings are subjected to a combination of extreme loads due to internal pressure, axial loads, temperature, and sometimes bending. All loads may vary greatly during production cycles or production and shut-in periods. Testing facilities and programs are needed for evaluating the functional behavior of pipe connections during load and temperature cycles simulating actual field conditions. The paper describes a complete testing set-up with high capacity and flexibility. The unit allows internal gas pressure up to 3500 bar, axial loads of 3000 kN, bending loads of 3600 kN, and temperatures up to 185°C at the joint. Furthermore, the paper presents results derived from a large number of tests on tubing and casing of various sizes,grades and joints, including 2–3/8" tubing and 10-3/4" heavy wall casing.
Temperature Rise in a Battery Module with Constant Heat Generation (1995)

A three‐dimensional battery module in the shape of a block is taken to generate heat uniformly throughout. The temperature rise as a function of time is worked out based on equations for heat conduction in solids. After appropriate nondimensionalization, the maximum temperature rise depends on the thermal aspect ratios (defined herein). By a superposition integral, the method can be extended to a time‐dependent heat‐generation rate, as appropriate for a driving profile.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO A GEOLOGIA DO GRUPO PINHAL (SP E MG) (1980)

The Pinhal Group is an imporlant lithostratigraphic unit, in the NE of the State of São Paulo and SSW of the State of Minas Gerais, Southern Brazil. The Pinhal and Socorro Complexes are the main granitic-migmatitic areas of this unit, including "migmatites forming granites", migmatites, "normal granites" and several medium to high grade metamorphic country rocks. The granitic suite include various equigranular and porphyroid types and porphyritic, pegmatitic and aplitic dikes. Geochronologic age determinations indicate their relation with "Brazilian Cycle" (Baikalian Cycle, of Upper Precamhrian age): the country rocks belongs to the Amparo Group (Niddle Precambrian), which rocks underwent an intensive remobilization during the Brazilian Cycle. The "migmatites forming granites" are surrounded by an aureole of migmatites composed of 3 zones: the outer zone is formed by layered migmatites, the medium on by agmatitic and "schollen" migmatites; and the inner one by "schlieren", nebuliticand homophanic migmatites. The central granitic core is equigranular or porphyroid. The migmatitic aureole is frequently disturbed by faults, by "normal granite" intrusions or by the interference of adjacent aureoles; these disturbances lead to very complex (polyphasic) migmatites. Strong metassomatic phenomena affected the rocks of the Pinhal Group, at two distinc phases. The first one, of potassic nature is characterized by a intensive development of microcline megacrystals; and the second one, of sodic nature, by the formation of pure albite. In each phase, distinct metassomatic pulsations have been observed, linked with the several intrusion and tectonic events which have affected the complexes which form megadiapirs of polydiapiric nature. The big granite plutons have arise from the base of the sialic crust along "thermal channles" related to zones of tectonic weakness. During this slow ascension these bodies have 'undergone deep modifications (remobilizations), subsolidus recrystalization, metasomatism, assimilation and fractional crystalization. From the regional point of view, the Pinhal Group is correlated to the Serra dos Orgaos Group, in the Rio de Janeiro State. Economic geology in the investigated region is mainly related to pegmatites exploitation.