gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissimilar Al to Mg Alloy Friction Stir Welds (2006)

In the present study the microstructure and properties of a dissimilar friction stir weld between the magnesium alloy AZ31 and the aluminium alloy 6040 have been investigated. The intermetallic leads to a loss of strength and ductility of the join. In this study optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) have been used to analyse the join interface as well as workpiece residues bonded to the joining tool. Dynamic recrystallisation was observed in the stir zone resulting in a substantial reduction in grain size particularly for the Al base material.
Dynamic signature assignment for direct sequence CDMA systems (2000)

Multiple access interference (MAI) is one of the major impediments in the reverse link of wide band CDMA systems, due to the synergy of the users' spreading codes, transmission delays and the channel characteristics. We propose to dynamically assign the users' spreading codes and transmission delays, i.e., to assign the user signature, in order to minimize mutual cross-correlations at the receiver. This dynamic signature assignment (DSA) approach helps to avoid (as opposed to combating) MAI at the base station. In assigning the signatures, we present a low-complexity iterative algorithm which utilizes channel information and is able to minimize signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) ratio at receivers. Computer simulation results are presented which show a potential 2-3 fold capacity increase over conventional systems.
Major and Minor Metabolites of Cocaine in Human Plasma following Controlled Subcutaneous Cocaine Administration (2006)

Cocaine is rapidly metabolized to major metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), and minor metabolites, norcocaine, p-hydroxycocaine, m-hydroxycocaine, p-hydroxybenzoylecgonine (pOHBE), and m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine. This IRB-approved study examined cocaine and metabolite plasma concentrations in 18 healthy humans who provided written informed consent to receive low (75 mg/70 kg) and high (150 mg/70 kg) subcutaneous cocaine hydrochloride doses. Plasma specimens, collected prior to and up to 48 h after dosing, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2.5 ng/mL limits of quantification). Cocaine was detected within 5 min, with mean+/-SE peak concentrations of 300.4+/-24.6 ng/mL (low) and 639.1+/-56.8 ng/mL (high) 30-40 min after dosing. BE and EME generally were first detected in plasma 5-15 min post-dose; 2-4 h after dosing, BE and EME reached mean maximum concentrations of 321.3+/-18.4 (low) and 614.7+/-46.0 ng/mL (high) and 47.4+/-3.0 (low) and 124.4+/-18.2 ng/mL (high), respectively. Times of last detection were BE>EME>cocaine. Minor metabolites were detected much less frequently for up to 32 h, with peak concentrations<or=18 ng/mL for all analytes except pOHBE (up to 57.7 ng/mL). These data improve our knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of cocaine and its major and minor metabolites in plasma following controlled subcutaneous cocaine administration.
Total dose and dose rate models for bipolar transistors in circuit simulation (2013)

The objective of this work is to develop a model for total dose effects in bipolar junction transistors for use in circuit simulation. The components of the model are an electrical model of device performance that includes the effects of trapped charge on device behavior, and a model that calculates the trapped charge densities in a specific device structure as a function of radiation dose and dose rate. Simulations based on this model are found to agree well with measurements on a number of devices for which data are available.
Rule base system for identification of patients with specific critical care syndromes: The "sniffer" for acute lung injury. (2007)

Early detection of specific critical care syndromes, such as sepsis or acute lung injury (ALI)is essential for timely implementation of evidence based therapies. Using a near-real time copy of the electronic medical records ("ICU data mart") we developed and validated custom electronic alert (ALI"sniffer") in a cohort of 485 critically ill medical patients. Compared with the gold standard of prospective screening, ALI "sniffer" demonstrated good sensitivity, 93% (95% CI 90 to 95) and specificity, 90% (95% CI 87 to 92). It is not known if the bedside implementation of ALI "sniffer" will improve the adherence to evidence-based therapies and outcome of patients with ALI.
Flip-chip encapsulation on ceramic substrates (2002)

Flip-chip encapsulation has been shown to provide at least a 5-10/spl times/ improvement in fatigue life of C4 (controlled collapse chip connection) solder joints. IBM has developed, qualified and implemented encapsulation in production for a wide array of selected C4 footprint chips attached to ceramic substrates. In addition to providing a very substantial improvement in reliability, this technology has enabled major extensions to the flip-chip on ceramic menu by relaxing chip footprint or size constraints, accommodating larger chips and allowing smaller C4's on finer pitches. Also, new package technologies have evolved that feature thin and lightweight surface mountable designs that conform to industry outlines. IBM evaluated several encapsulant formulations and tested over 2000 encapsulated chips and 200000 individual C4's during the development and qualification phases. Test data was collected for a variety of accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) conditions and was supported by extensive finite element modeling. Chip configurations included memory and logic footprints and ranged in size to 14.7 mm chip size and 10.2 mm DNP (distance from neutral point of chip footprint). In all cases, ATC data showed a dramatic improvement in C4 life on encapsulated chips with no adverse effects in other tests. Several different encapsulant formulations, each with minor variations, were evaluated, and the encapsulant dispense and cure process was optimized for ease of manufacturing high production volumes that are required by IBM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CC chemokine receptor 6 expression predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

CCR6 could be used as a molecular marker to predict prognosis for HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014; 110:151-155. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of two methanol-utilizing bacteria. (1976)

Two bacterial strains capable of growth on methanol, methylamine, formaldehyde and formate, as sole sources for carbon and energy have been isolated and designated as Pseudo-monas 1 and Pseudomonas 135. These bacteria are gram-negative, motile rods. The mean generation time of Pseudomonas 1 is 4 hr on 0.3 % methanol at 32°C, and that of Pseudomonas 135 is 5 hr. Extracts of Pseudomonas 1 and Pseudomonas 135 possess activities of methanol, formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases when grown on methanol; and methylamine de-hydrogenase when grown on methylamine. While no hexulose phosphate synthase activities were detected in extracts of these bacteria, high activities of hydroxypyruvate reductase and methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase were found indicating the assimilation of C1-compounds via the serine pathway and not via the ribulose monophosphate pathway.
Effect of Transcutaneous Electrostimulation on Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift (1992)

The effect of transcutaneous electrostimulation around the ear before and during noise exposure on noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) was examined in 26 volunteers. Electrostimulation reduced TTS in the majority of cases and the reduction was statistically significant. Two possible mechanisms for this reduction are proposed: stimulation of the olivocochlear bundle and alteration of cochlear blood flow. Transcutaneous electrostimulation may be useful for prevention or treatment of noise induced hearing damage and for treatment of tinnitus.
File placement and process assignment due to resource sharing in a distributed system (1985)

This paper presents a number of solutions to the problems of data access, concurrency control, transaction serialization, and deadlock control based on the examples of existing file systems. Also, policies for file placement and process assignment are discussed from the viewpoint of their impact on system performance and reliability. The impact of these policies depends on the solutions to the problems referred above. A simulation model of a file system is introduced. This model is validated using data collected in a small business installation. A number of simulation experiments are presented. It is shown how the decision about where to place a file or to assign a process can be based on the workload's and the system's characterization. An algorithm for improving performance and reliability by file placement and/or process assignment is finally presented.
A Survey of prefetching techniques (2000)

As the gap between processor and memory speeds increases, memory latencies have become a critical bottleneck for computer performance. To reduce the bottleneck, designers have had to create methods to hide these latencies. One popular method is prefetching. This method fetches the data from the memory system before being asked for by the processor, with the expectation that it will soon be referenced. An effective prefetching scheme reduces cache miss rates and therefore hides the memory latency. The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of hardware prefetching techniques. To achieve this goal, we provide a brief introduction to the concepts behind prefetching. An overview of software prefetching techniques is also given. We are then in a position to examine a number of instruction and data prefetching schemes that have previously been proposed. Keywords: prefetching,caches Computing Review Categories: B3.2,D3.4 1 Introduction Microprocessor speeds have increased dramatically ov...
The Lure and Romance of Alchemy (Thompson, C. J. S.) (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTThe Lure and Romance of Alchemy (Thompson, C. J. S.)Tenney L. Davis Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1933, 10, 6, 383Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1933Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1933Published inissue 1 June 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ed010p383RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (992 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Open Hole Packers Provide Zonal Isolation for High Pressure Acid Stimulation within a Chalk Reservoir (2013)

Abstract This paper overviews the design, development, qualification, and field trial deployment of a hydraulically expandable metal packer that enabled a cementless, zonal, high-pressure acid stimulation program to be accomplished. Achieving effective zonal isolation within long reach horizontal wells using conventional means with cement is challenging to the industry. Achieving effective cement within long step outs is limited by the Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD) (impacted by fracture/pore pressure) or by the inability to achieve effective cement (i.e., without channels/micro annuli) simply due to the sheer length of the horizontal section of the well. Additional challenges are then imposed to achieve zonal isolation within unconventional reservoirs or wells that require high-pressure stimulation. These challenges spurred the design for a metal expandable packer for use in a cementless completion, assembled on a full bore liner, and able to deliver a high annular Delta P seal in a worse case washed-out hole scenario. Material selection to allow hydraulic expansion beyond the yield point of the expanding alloys (i.e., in the plastic region) is a key design consideration for maximizing the post-expansion strength of the expandable metal packer. Continual design, test, and result analysis enabled development of a unique, high-pressure seal between the metal expansion sleeve and the formation. The qualification process was based on the ISO 14310 V3 standard, the industry standard for testing and qualifying plugs and packers. This standard emulates the lifecycle of the packer during acid stimulation and later-life water management. Field-proven zonal pressure isolation will be illustrated with real-time zonal pressure data from the field trial in an offshore field. The well will demonstrate cement-less liner completion efficiency with sixteen expandable metal packers to achieve five isolated, stimulated, and subsequently producing zones and three water shut-off zones. In closing, the paper will summarize ongoing developments and how the open hole expandable metal packer is meeting the unique challenges of annular high-pressure containment. The many benefits to operators include fast setting under surface control with increased reliability and certainty for success.
Low-Cost Smart Transcoding Algorithm Between Itu-T G.729 (8 Kbit/S) And 3Gpp Nb-Amr (12.2 Kbit/S) (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Characterization of hydrochloride and tannate salts of diphenhydramine (2008)

Proper characterization is an important aspect of any dosage form design. The objective of this work was to characterize tannate salt and hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. As a part of characterization studies, Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate thermal effects and nature of salts, supported by X-ray powder diffraction. Scanning electron microphotographs was used to surface topography of salts of diphenhydramine. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solubility study and flowability studies were carried out as part of characterization. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction studies indicated amorphous nature of the tannate while hydrochloride salt has crystalline properties. Scanning electron microphotographs indicated the differences in surface topography between both the salts. Solubility studies at different pH showed pH dependant solubility of both the salts and less solubility of tannate. Stability of bulk drug at accelerated conditions of 40( degrees )/75% RH was determined for both salts. Good stability of both salts was observed.
Effects of endothelial cells on human mesenchymal stem cell activity in a three-dimensional in vitro model (2011)

An increasing body of data suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in a perivascular niche. To more closely mimic this in vivo microenvironment and for better understanding of its complexity, and the factors that regulate the MSC activity, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured with human bone marrow MSCs--using a novel three-dimensional (3D) spheroid co-culture system. Using confocal microscopy of fluorescently labelled cells, we observed HUVECs and MSCs to self-assemble and form organised structures with segregated cell-type partitioning. Under osteogenic conditions, the rate and extent of differentiation in MSC/HUVEC spheroids was significantly elevated compared to 3D co-cultures of MSCs and human dermal fibroblast controls as shown by alkaline phosphatase staining. Conversely, HUVECs inhibited adipogenic differentiation and the proliferation of MSCs in 3D co-cultures indicating that HUVECs suppressed MSC cycling and selectively promoted osteogenic differentiation in 3D. We have also shown that HUVECs enhanced activation of endogenous Wnt signalling and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling as shown by increased levels of active nuclear β-catenin and pSmad 1/5/8 immunopositivity respectively. These data suggest strongly that endothelial cells regulate the MSC activity in simulated in vivo conditions, by maintaining quiescence and facilitating niche exit via osteogenic differentiation following appropriate cues. Our findings also underline the importance of 3D heterotypic cell-cell interactions in the regulation of MSC behaviour, suggesting that multicellular cocktails and/or 3D-based delivery strategies may be beneficial for bone repair.
Osnovnye printsipy terapii sakharnogo diabeta 2 tipa (1999)

Подавляющее большинство пациентов получают лишь монотерапию пероральным сахароснижающим препаратом (ПССП), чаше - производными сульфонилмочевины (ПСМ). При отсутствии эффекта от проводимой терапии, несмотря на назначение максимальных суточных доз ПССП, инсулинотерапия либо не назначается вообще, либо значительно позже реально необходимых сроков. В настоящее время при терапии больных СД 2 типа используют диету, физические нагрузки, производные сульфонилмочевины, метформин, ингибиторы бета-глюкозидаз и инсулинотерапию. Хроническая гипергликемия натощак является одним из наиболее ранних и постоянных лабораторных признаков СД 2 типа. У больных с преобладающей инсулинорезистентностью и ожирением метформин следует рассматривать как препарат первого выбора. Сочетанная терапия метформином и инсулином, назначаемая перед сном, уменьшает риск прибавки веса и уменьшает потребность в экзогенном инсулине. Невозможность обеспечения желаемого уровня гликемии через 2 ч после приема пищи на фоне лечения метформином свидетельствует о значительном нарушении секреции инсулина бета-клетками, его относительном дефиците и необходимости добавления ПСМ с целью стимуляции эндогенной секреции гормона. На начальных этапах заболевания при выборе типа ПСМ предпочтение следует отдавать тем препаратам, которые обладают наименьшим риском развития гипогликемических состояний. При наличии подтвержденных признаков дефицита инсулина или при наличии абсолютных показаний к его назначению, к пролонгированному инсулину добавляется инсулин короткого действия перед основными приемами пищи.
Statistical properties of surfaces covered by large spheres (1993)

Statistical properties of surfaces covered by particles deposited under the influence of gravity are investigated by means of optical microscopy and image analysis. The radial distribution function of the particle configurations is determined over a wide coverage range. Special attention is paid to the fluctuations of the number of particles on small surfaces which contain information upon the deposition process. A first analysis of these fluctuations is presented within a mean field approximation. All results are compared to the ballistic process which proves to be a good model. On the contrary, the observations are not compatible with a simple random sequential adsorption model.
Synthesis of (+)‐Schisanwilsonene A by Tandem Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization/1,5‐Migration/Cyclopropanation (2013)

Going (anti)viral: The first total synthesis of the antiviral (+)-schisanwilsonene A has been completed using a fully stereoselective tandem cyclization/1,5-migration/intermolecular cyclopropanation. The key reaction sequence is catalyzed by gold. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Functional analysis of the <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> invasion genes <i>invl</i> and <i>invJ</i> and identification of a target of the protein secretion apparatus encoded in the <i>inv</i> locus (1995)

Summary We have carried out a functional analysis of invl and invJ , two Saimonella typhimurium genes required for this organism to gain access So cultured mammalian cells. These genes are located immediately downstream of invC , a previously identified gene also required for bacterial invasion. Non‐polar mutations in either of these genes rendered S. typhimurium severely defective for entry into cultured epithelial cells, although these mutations did not affect the ability of these organisms to attach to those cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the invl and invJ genes encode proteins with molecular weights of 18077 and 36415, respectively. Polypeptides of similar sizes were observed when these genes were expressed in a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase‐based expression system. Comparison of the predicted sequences of Invl and InvJ with translated sequences in the existing databases indicated that these proteins are Identical to the previously identified S. typhimurium SpaM and SpaN proteins. Further analysis of these sequences revealed regions of homology between Invl and the N ‐terminus of lpaB of Shigella spp. and between InvJ and EaeB of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Localization studies by immunoblot analysis indicated that InvJ is secreted to the culture supernatant, a surprising finding since this protein also lacks a typical signal sequence. Mutations in invG and inyC , two members of the Salmonella inv locus, effectively prevented the transport of InvJ to the culture supernatant. Thus, InvJ is the first identified target of the protein secretion apparatus encoded in the inv locus and therefore a candidate to have effector functions related to bacterial entry.
Development of a minimal medium for Clostridium perfringens by using an anaerobic chemostat (1985)

A minimal medium was developed for the cultivation of Clostridium perfringens in an anaerobic chemostat. Cultures of C. perfringens ATCC 3624 and NCTC 10240 were grown at 46 and 43 degrees C, respectively, in a glucose-limited, chemically defined medium at pH 7.2. The concentrations of amino acids, minerals, nucleotides, and vitamins, initially present in excess, were varied independently. The minimum concentration of each nutrient which would support 3 X 10(8) CFU/ml with a generation time of less than 40 min was determined and used to develop a reformulated defined medium. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and amino acid analyses of the reformulated medium indicated additional adjustments in nutrient content which led to the development of a minimal medium for each strain. The nutritional profile for each strain was similar. A decrease in the concentration of arginine, histidine, and tyrosine for strain 3624 and of arginine, histidine, and isoleucine for strain 10240 resulted in an increase in the optical density of each culture.
The electronic motorist (1995)

The shortcomings of the human driver are getting help from emerging technologies in the guise of navigation systems, engine immobilizers, night vision assistance, automated collision alert, air bag systems, low tyre pressure warning system, and fuzzy logic. The author describes these technologies. In particular the author describes some of the LCD display navigation systems, and intelligent transportation systems, including vehicle location, of which navigation is a component.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>