gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer. (2009)

Abstract Background: Androgen receptor (AR) is one of biomarkers and its role in breast cancer is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AR expression and clinicopathological factors in breast cancer patients.Patients and Methods: AR was consecutively evaluated in 413 primary breast cancers from whole sections of surgically resected specimens using immunohistochemical staining from January 2008 to March 2009. The associations between AR expression and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Tumors with 10% or more nuclear stained cells were considered as positive for AR expression. The differences between variables were calculated by chi-square test and Fisher's exact test was used when appropriate.Results: The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (range, 26-84). AR was found in 72.7% (48/66) of in-situ carcinoma and in 72.9% (253/347) of invasive carcinoma. Overall expression rates of AR were 72.9%, which were higher than those of ER and PR expression, 68.5% and 62.0%, respectively. AR was significantly expressed in patients with no elevated preoperative serum cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) levels (p = .042), smaller tumor size (p = .035), lower histologic grade (p &lt; .001), ER-positive (p &lt; .001), progesterone receptor-positive (p &lt; .001), and non-triple-negative breast cancer (p &lt; .001). Metaplastic, medullary, and mucinous types carcinomas showed less AR expression (p = .030). Although it was statistically not significant, patients with younger age (≤ 35 years), axillary lymph node involvements, and higher stage showed higher rates of AR negativity. In ER-negative tumors, AR expression was significantly correlated with HER-2 over-expression (p &lt; .001). In ER-positive tumors, however, there was no relationship between AR expression and HER-2 over-expression (p &gt; .05).Conclusions: AR is expressed in a significant number of breast cancers and is associated with favorable tumor differentiation and smaller tumor size. These results might suggest that AR may be an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. AR may also be associated with growth factor signaling and be useful therapeutic target in ER-negative tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4156.
Degenerate quantum-beat laser: Lasing without inversion and inversion without lasing (1989)

A single lasing mode driven by a three-level ``quantum-beat'' atomic configuration can show gain without population inversion or optical absorption into an excited state without spontaneous or stimulated emission.
Regulation of Insulin Secretion by SIRT4, a Mitochondrial ADP-ribosyltransferase (2007)

Sirtuins are homologues of the yeast transcriptional repressor Sir2p and are conserved from bacteria to humans. We report that human SIRT4 is localized to the mitochondria. SIRT4 is a matrix protein and becomes cleaved at amino acid 28 after import into mitochondria. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins that coimmunoprecipitate with SIRT4 identified insulindegrading enzyme and the ADP/ATP carrier proteins, ANT2 and ANT3. SIRT4 exhibits no histone deacetylase activity but functions as an efficient ADP-ribosyltransferase on histones and bovine serum albumin. SIRT4 is expressed in islets of Langerhans and colocalizes with insulin-expressing beta cells. Depletion of SIRT4 from insulin-producing INS-1E cells results in increased insulin secretion in response to glucose. These observations define a new role for mitochondrial SIRT4 in the regulation of insulin secretion.
Protocol Analysis for the 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (2007)

In this article, we aim to discuss a few potential areas of the IMS that could be improved to provide better quality of service (QoS).
Guanidinate anions and dianions. Reactions involving alkylguanidines, (RNH)2CNR (R = i-Pr or Cy), and metal amido complexes M(NMe2)5 (M = Ta or Nb) (1999)

Protonation of the amido groups of M(NMe2)5 (M = Ta or Nb) with trialkylguanidines, (RNH)2CNR (R = i-Pr or Cy), directly produced a series of five-co-ordinated complexes, M(NMe2)3[(RN)2CNR] 1–4. Single crystal X-ray analysis confirmed that 1 contained a dianionic N,N′,N″-triisopropylguanidinate ligand which was co-ordinated in a chelating bidentate mode. In contrast, protonation of the amido groups of Ta(NMe2)4Cl with triisopropylguanidine gave the six-co-ordinated complex Ta(NMe2)3Cl[(i-PrN)2CNHi-Pr] 5 which possessed a bidentate monoanionic guanidinate ligand. Complex 5 can be converted into 1 by reaction with either LiNMe2 or MeMgBr.
Enhanced surface acoustic wave biosensor performance via delay path modifications in mutually interacting multidirectional transducer configuration: A computational study (2009)

Multidirectional interdigital transducers (IDTs) combined with delay path modifications for surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in a Langasite substrate are shown to positively and significantly impact power consumption, device sensitivity, and biofouling elimination capability. Simulated devices have mutually interacting orthogonal IDTs and microcavities of square cross sections of side λ/2, and of different depths located in the middle of the delay path. A combined orthogonal IDT-polystyrene filled microcavities device (dimensions λ/2×λ/2×λ/2), with constructive wave interference and enhanced SAW entrapment in the delay region, is shown to be most efficient and reduces insertion loss by 23.6 dB, generates two orders of magnitude larger streaming forces, and exhibits velocity sensitivity 100% larger than that of a simulated standard SAW sensor with unidirectional IDTs along the (0, 22, 90) direction.
GroEL Structure at 6 Å Resolution Using Electron Cryomicroscopy and EMAN (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Measured Steady-State Performance of Water Vapor Jets for Use in Space Vehicle Attitude Control Systems (1962)

Measurements have been made in a vacuum environment to determine the steady-state performance of several nozzles having thrusts up to 1000 dynes for use in space vehicle attitude control systems. Water vapor was used as a propellant. The results indicate that the trend of the variation of specific impulse and thrust coefficient with expansion ratio is predicted by calculations based on one-dimensional isentropic flow. The level of these quantities, however, is dependent upon the nozzle diameter. The specific impulse, for example, varies from about 30 percent to 80 percent of the theoretical value as the nozzle thrust is increased from about 10 to 1000 dynes.
Electrical Stimulation of Onlay Bone Grafts (1988)

An animal model was developed to determine the ability of capacitively coupled electrical fields to enhance onlay bone graft survival in the craniofacial skeleton. Fifteen male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control and stimulated groups. Blocks of iliac bone were transplanted as onlay grafts to the mandibular rami. In all animals a capacitor apparatus was attached externally over the right mandibular ramus; however, a 5-V peak-to-peak sinusoidal signal was applied only in the stimulated group. The experimental period was 6 weeks, with a total of 30 days of constant stimulation. Graft resorption in the stimulated animals was decreased a total of 24.8 percent (p less than 0.001). There appeared to be a trend toward decreased graft resorption caused by the apparatus alone, although this was not statistically significant. The electric field alone decreased resorption by 11.5 percent (p less than 0.05). No distinguishing features were demonstrated by fluorescent vital stains or routine histology.
Mg-Based Nano-layered Thin Films for Hydrogen Storage (2013)

Magnesium (Mg) based materials are now some of the most promising materials for hydrogen storage due to their light weight and high hydrogen capacity. Their most signiﬁcant limitation, however, is the high de-hydrogenation temperature and low kinetics. Niobium (Nb) has been proposed for improving the hydrogen sorption kinetics in Mg thin ﬁlms. In this work, Mg/Nb multi-layered thin ﬁlms were investigated by theoretical methods and compared to experimental results. Some selected properties such as structural, elastic, energetic and electronic charge properties of the bulk and thin ﬁlms have been investigated.\n\nFirstly, classical thermodynamic models and ﬁrst-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) were used for describing the pseudomorphic growth in Mg/Nb multi-layered ﬁlms observed in experiments. Calculations of the thermodynamic, electronic and structural stability of a body-centered cubic (bcc) Mg show that this structure is in fact metastable under thin ﬁlm conditions, when Mg grows epitaxially on the bcc Nb, in agreement with experiments. The predicted bi-phase diagram of Mg/Nb multilayers indicated that not only the metastable bcc Mg can be stabilized, but also a hexagonal close packed (hcp) Nb can be stabilized under the speciﬁc range of the bilayer thickness and the volume fractions of the constituents.\n\nNext, the hydrogen desorption properties of the free standing Mg ﬁlms and Mg/Nb multilayers were elucidated by DFT calculations. The computational tools were used for assisting the experimental characterization. As a result, two metastable orthorhombic magnesium hydrides (Os-MgH_(2) and Om –MgH_(2)) were observed in those ﬁlms. Due to the inﬂuence of stress and corresponding formation of these metastable phases, signiﬁcant destabilization of MgH2 provides ultra-low hydrogen desorption temperature in both free-standing Mg and multilayer Mg/Nb ﬁlms. Formation of enthalpies (∆Hf) and estimating desorption temperatures (Td) were determined by DFT calculations and indicated that either tension or compression will lead to destabilization of MgH_(2). Moreover the hydrogen diﬀusion mechanisms were studied in both bulk and thin ﬁlm structures. The site preference and diﬀusion activation energy calculations successfully describe hydrogen sorption behavior in Mg/Nb multilayers in experiments.\n\nIt is expected that the results of this research will foster further work on the development of the solid-state hydrogen storage systems necessary to bring the hydrogen economy closer to reality.
A New Low Pressure Single Point Gasoline Injection System (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes the second generation of Bosch single point injection systems. It is a low cost system and specifically designed for closed loop control.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The system uses a fuel pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi) and will apply throttle angle/engine speed control. This type of control was already used in the very beginning of the fuel injection era but is now updated by closed loop and adaptive memory control.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The throttle body, completely new designed as a module for most installation requirements, as well as characteristics of other new components such as ball type injector, throttle valve potentiometer and electric fuel pump will be described.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Realized functions will be shown and test results on engines and cars will be given.</div>
The Structures of Novel Insecticidal Macrolides: Bafilomycins D and E, and Oxohygrolidin (1985)

Journal Article The Structures of Novel Insecticidal Macrolides: Bafilomycins D and E, and Oxohygrolidin Get access Axel Kretschmer, Axel Kretschmer Bayer AG, Zentrale Forschung Biotechnologie, D-5600 Wuppertal 1, Fed. Rep. Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Dorgerloh, Michael Dorgerloh Bayer AG, Zentrale Forschung Biotechnologie, D-5600 Wuppertal 1, Fed. Rep. Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Martin Deeg, Martin Deeg Universität Tübingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, D-7400 Tübingen, Fed. Rep. v Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hanspaul Hagenmaier Hanspaul Hagenmaier Universität Tübingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, D-7400 Tübingen, Fed. Rep. v Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 8, 1 August 1985, Pages 2509–2511, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867119 Published: 01 August 1985 Article history Received: 06 March 1985 Published: 01 August 1985
In Search of the Optimal Macrocyclization Site for Neurotensin (2018)

Neurotensin exerts potent analgesic effects following activation of its cognate GPCRs. In this study, we describe a systematic exploration, using structure-based design, of conformationally constraining neurotensin (8-13) with the help of macrocyclization and the resulting impacts on binding affinity, signaling, and proteolytic stability. This exploratory study led to a macrocyclic scaffold with submicromolar binding affinity, agonist activity, and greatly improved plasma stability.
TUNG OIL BASED MONOMER FOR THERMOSETTING POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND COPOLYMERIZATION WITH STYRENE (2012)

A tung oil (TO) based monomer for rigid thermosetting polymer was synthesized, characterized, and copolymerized with styrene in this study. Tung oil was alcoholyzed with pentaerythritol (PER) to get tung oil pentaerythritol alcoholysis products (TOPER), and the optimized conditions were explored according to the yields of TOPER analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The resulting alcoholysis products were maleinated to form tung oil maleate half ester (TOPERMA), and the reaction conditions were determined by monitoring the reaction extents of TOPER and maleic anhydride (MA) with 1HNMR spectroscopy. The TO alcoholysis and maleinization reaction products were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. At last, the TOPERMA mixture was cured with styrene (St), and the initiator tert-butyl peroxy benzoate (TPB). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to characterize the curing process. Mechanical properties of the cured TOPERMA/St resin further confirmed the best procedure for the maleinization reaction. The loading of TO reached about 30% weight of the resulting thermosetting polymer. This promising material from renewable resources can be a potential substitution for petroleum products when used as sheet molding compounds.
Ionic-passivated FeS2 photocapacitors for energy conversion and storage (2013)

A solid-state photocapacitor is prepared, utilizing iron pyrite (FeS2) as both the photoactive material and blocking electrode, which exhibits a high performance near-infrared (NIR) photodetectivity of 1.6 × 10(11) Jones, an energy density of 1.13 × 10(4) J g(-1) and a specific capacitance of 37.5 mA h g(-1) directly charged by sunlight.
Internet protocol encapsulation of AX.25 frames (1991)

This memo describes a method for the encapsulation of AX.25 (the
Amateur Packet-Radio Link-Layer Protocol) frames within IP packets.
This technique is an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.
It does not specify an Internet standard.
Floral designs. Series I, A hand-book for cut-flower workers and florists comp (1888)

> ' v m ^; 'EN^'^9>Al *ft^^Sp^i^^^s^'>^V x W v~^s St j ..^fc^^--.ii^j^^v'^^/
Addressing Context Awareness Techniques in Body Sensor Networks (2007)

Context awareness in Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) has the significance of associating physiological user activity and environment to the sensed signals of the user. The context information derived in a BSN can be used in pervasive healthcare monitoring for relating importance to events and specifically for accurate episode detection. In this paper, we address the issues of context-aware sensing in BSNs, along with a comparison of different techniques for deducing context awareness, namely, Artificial Neural Networks, Bayesian Networks, and Hidden Markov Models.
Birds Observed at Lake Vermilion, Minnesota from December 1931 to December 1933 (1940)

Lake Vermilion is situated in north-central St. Louis County, approximately 75 miles due north of Duluth, Minnesota, and about 25 miles from the nearest point of the Canadian boundary. One of the larger Minnesota lakes, the largest in the county, it possesses an extremely irregular shore line, with occasional narrow, sandy beaches, and is dotted with numerous small, rocky islands. The flora is typically Canadian, with a forest, largely coniferous, of pine, spruce, tamarack, birch, etc., and the effects of glaciation, which reached its peak at about this point, are reflected in the many great boulders protruding through the soil and in the vast depths of some of the small surrounding lakes, and in parts of Lake Vermilion as well. The small islands, many of them quite barren and rocky, provided ideal nesting sites for the small colonies of herring gulls which were found to inhabit the region throughout the summer, while the larger, wooded islands provided the same facilities, with, perhaps, a greater degree of protection from predation, for the many smaller species that also bred on the mainland. Marsh land seemed relatively scarce about the shore line, and birds partial to this type of cover were uncommon. Small bogs, largely of spruce and tamarack, were found scattered about the edges of the lake as well as in the surrounding territory.
Role of Na<sup>+</sup>and K<sup>+</sup>in Enzyme Function (2006)

Metal complexation is a key mediator or modifier of enzyme structure and function. In addition to divalent and polyvalent metals, group IA metals Na+ and K+ play important and specific roles that assist function of biological macromolecules. We examine the diversity of monovalent cation (M+)-activated enzymes by first comparing coordination in small molecules followed by a discussion of theoretical and practical aspects. Select examples of enzymes that utilize M+ as a cofactor (type I) or allosteric effector (type II) illustrate the structural basis of activation by Na+ and K+, along with unexpected connections with ion transporters. Kinetic expressions are derived for the analysis of type I and type II activation. In conclusion, we address evolutionary implications of Na+ binding in the trypsin-like proteases of vertebrate blood coagulation. From this analysis, M+ complexation has the potential to be an efficient regulator of enzyme catalysis and stability and offers novel strategies for protein engineering to improve enzyme function.
Identification of rat testis galactosyl receptor using antibodies to liver asialoglycoprotein receptor: purification and localization on surfaces of spermatogenic cells and sperm. (1989)

We have found that the rat testis contains a cell surface galactosyl receptor that is antigenically related to the minor species of rat liver asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r) and has binding affinity for galactose coupled to agarose. In immunoblotting experiments, rat testis galactosyl receptor (RTG-r) is recognized by antiserum raised against the minor ASGP-r species of rat liver (designated rat hepatic lectin-2/3, RHL-2/3). Antiserum raised against the major species RHL-1 does not recognize an antigenic protein equivalent to RTG-r. Triton X-100-extracted rat liver and testes preparations fractionated by affinity chromatography on galactose-agarose and resolved by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, show that rat liver contains both the major (RHL-1) and minor (RHL-2/3) ASGP-r species whereas rat testis displays only a receptor species comigrating with RHL-2/3. RTG-r was present throughout testicular development. The receptor was found in seminiferous tubules, cultured Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, and epididymal sperm. Indirect immunofluorescent studies show RHL-2/3-like immunoreactivity on the surface of Sertoli cell, meiotic prophase spermatocytes, spermatids, and epididymal sperm. In spermatids and sperm, the immunoreactivity is restricted to the plasma membrane overlying the dorsal portion of the head. Because of RTG-r has galactose binding affinity, is present on surfaces of Sertoli and developing meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, and overlies a region of the intact acrosome on epididymal sperm, RTG-r may have a role in spermatogenesis and in events leading to sperm-egg recognition.
Soluble Collagen VI Drives Serum-starved Fibroblasts through S Phase and Prevents Apoptosis via Down-regulation of Bax (1999)

We previously showed that soluble, pepsin-solubilized collagen VI increases de novo DNA synthesis in serum-starved HT1080 and 3T3 fibroblasts up to 100-fold compared with soluble collagen I, reaching 80% of the stimulation caused by 10% fetal calf serum. Here we show that collagen VI also inhibits apoptotic cell death in serum-starved cells as evidenced by morphological criteria, DNA laddering, complementary apoptosis assays (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting), and quantification of apoptosis-regulating proteins. In the presence of starving medium alone or collagen I, the proapoptotic Bax was up-regulated 2-2.5-fold, compared with soluble collagen VI and fetal calf serum, whereas levels of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein remained unaffected. In accordance with its potent stimulation of DNA synthesis, soluble collagen VI carries serum-starved HT1080 and Balb 3T3 fibroblasts through G(2) as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, whereas cells exposed to medium and collagen I where arrested at G(1)-S. This was accompanied by a 2-3-fold increase in cyclin A, B, and D1 protein expression. Collagen VI-induced inhibition of apoptotic cell death may be operative during embryogenesis, wound healing, and fibrosis when elevated tissue and blood levels of collagen VI are observed, thus initiating a feedback loop of mesenchymal cell activation and proliferation.
Optimization of the Amorphous Layer Thickness and the Junction Depth in the Preamorphization Method for Shallow-Junction Formation (1990)

A 0.1- µm-deep p + /n junction was formed by the Si + preamorphization method. The thickness of the preamorphized layer and the junction depth were optimized systematically. It was found that the junction must be formed at a depth 70–90 nm greater than that of the amorphous/crystal (a/c) interface to reduce leakage current density J 1 to less than 1×10 -8 A/cm 2 . Furthermore it was confirmed that the preamorphized layer thickness influences the dependence of J 1 on the distance between the junction and a/c interface and that a thinner preamorphized layer forms a thinner or lower-defect-density residual defect layer.
Suggested organization for seismologic work on the Pacific Coast (1911)

Research Article| March 01, 1911 Suggested organization for seismologic work on the Pacific Coast: Suggestions made at the meeting of the Seismological Society of America held at San Francisco, January 9, 1909 J. C. Branner J. C. Branner Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1911) 1 (1): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0010010005 Article history first online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation J. C. Branner; Suggested organization for seismologic work on the Pacific Coast: Suggestions made at the meeting of the Seismological Society of America held at San Francisco, January 9, 1909. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1911;; 1 (1): 5–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0010010005 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.