gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence and origin of Clostridium difficile in neonates (1984)

The stools of 65 of 92 (71%) infants in a special care nursery yielded Clostridium difficile on culture. Ninety percent of stools collected after 6 to 35 days in the unit were positive, and 36% of these also contained toxin. When tested in vitro, 94% of the isolates produced toxin. Of 110 swabs collected from the environment of the unit, 9% were positive for C. difficile, but the stools of 12 nurses working on the unit were negative. Thirty-five vaginal swabs collected from mothers just before delivery were negative for C. difficile on culture, but 16 of their infants had C. difficile in their stools. It was concluded that there is a high carriage rate in the stools of neonates of C. difficile acquired progressively during the course of their stay in the special care unit. Infection is mainly from environmental sources rather than maternal transmission.
A Helicopter Planetary Gear Carrier Plate Crack Analysis and Feature Extraction based on Ground and Aircraft Tests (2015)

Fatigue cracks of considerable length were discovered in two separate main transmissions planetary gear carrier plates of U.S. Army helicopters. These cracks originated at the blend between the gear post and the plate and later diagnosed as low cycle fatigue. Cracks on the planet carrier plate are a very serious but rare type of fault that may require the redesign of this critical part. In this paper an investigation of the problem is attempted using experimental data from ground and aircraft tests. Two features based on the signal energy are used to distinguish the faulty from the healthy plate using the signals from four one-dimensional accelerometers. A data analysis based on the Time Synchronous Averaging signal transformation tends to indicate that the apart from any machining error or material fault that may have initiated the crack; there is evidence of a non-rotating fault, possibly on the ring gear, as well as a considerable non-uniform distribution of forces among the planet gears that may have been generated by the presence of the crack and or may have promoted its rapid development.
The Peripheral Display for Augmented Reality of Self-motion (2007)

It is known that peripheral vision strongly contributes to the sense of self-motion, and that users of visual displays with a narrow field of view often find it hard to experience such sensations fully. In this research, we propose a peripheral display that augments the feeling of self-motion. This consists of simple displays that stimulate the user's peripheral area of vision. By changing the stimulus on the peripheral display, the system should be able to increase or reduce the user's sense of self-motion. In this report, we describe a prototype of the display system and the result of its evaluation.
Inhibitory effect of compound 6F isolated from Pteris semipinnata L. on the expression of c-Myc,Bc1-2 and PCNA in HL-60 cells (2002)

Objective:To study the effects of Compound 6F isolated from Pteris Semipinnata L (PSL)on the expression of c Myc,Bc1 2 and PCNA in HL 60 cells,and to discuss the antitumor mechanisms of 6F Methods:The expression levels of c Myc,Bc1 2 and PCNA were measured by flow cytometry (FCM)after the HL 60 cells were incubated with antibody labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) Results:The expression levels of c Myc,Bc1 2 and PCNA decreased obviously in HL 60 cells treated with 58～231nmo1/L 6F for 12 hours,and the effects appeared in a dose dependence Conclusion:Compound 6F could inhibit the expression of c Myc,Bc1 2 and PCNA in HL 60 cells It is speculated that the cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction of 6F on HL 60 cells related to these effects
Wi-Motion: A Robust Human Activity Recognition Using WiFi Signals (2019)

Recent research has shown that human motions and positions can be recognized through WiFi signals. The key intuition is that different motions and positions introduce different multipath distortions in WiFi signals and generate different patterns in the time-series of channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we propose Wi-Motion, a WiFi-based human activities recognition system. Unlike existing systems, Wi-Motion jointly leverages the amplitude and phase information extracted from the CSI sequence. We first construct the classifiers using amplitude and phase, respectively. The output of classifiers is then combined by a posterior probability-based combination strategy. As the simulation results show, Wi-Motion can recognize predefined 5 typical human activities with the mean accuracy of 96.6% in line-of-sight (LOS) environment, and 92% in not line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. Furthermore, Wi-Motion evaluates the effect of the age of the experimental subjects and relatively complex environments.
[The spasmolytic activity of propiverine and some of its structural analogs]. (1987)

The spasmolytic activity of propiverine and its corresponding methyl ether analogue was investigated in the isolated ileum and urinary bladder of the rat. It could be demonstrated that the antispasmodic properties of propiverine were, in contrast to its methyl ether analogue, not only based on a blockade of muscarinic receptors but were also a consequence of nonspecific papaverine-like effects. Investigations with three putative metabolites showed that the alcohol derivative O-desalkylpropiverine was about two orders of magnitude more potent than propiverine itself in blocking spasmogenic effects of the agonist arecaidine propargyl ester. In contrast no spasmolytic effect could be observed after application of the corresponding carboxylic acids (benzilic acid propyl ether; benzilic acid 2-hydroxypropyl-ether.
Electrophilic Amination of Carbanions, Enolates, and Their Surrogates (2009)

Abstract This chapter deals with the formation of carbon‐nitrogen bonds by reaction of carbon nucleophiles with electrophilic aminating reagents. The former encompass aliphatic and aromatic carbanions, enolates and their surrogates such as enamines, enol esters, and enol ethers, as well as carbanions stabilized by cyano or sulfone groups or by phosphorus. A section entitled Reagents and Mechanisms lists the many aminating reagents available and discusses the mechanisms by which the more important ones react. Among the electrophiles discussed are halo amines, various hydroxylamine derivatives, oxaziridines, imines, oximes, diazonium salts, diazo compounds, azo compounds, and azides. The section on Scope and Limitations is organized by carbon nucleophiles and attempts to suggest the best reagents for each class. A number of electrophilic aminating reagents that have been omitted from the scope of this chapter are briefly discussed, with references to reviews, in the section on Comparison with Other Methods. Tables listing references to the preparation of the various aminating reagents are found in the section on Experimental Conditions. References to the conversion of non‐amine products into amines are also provided there. The literature is covered to the middle of 2007.
PRODUCTION OF HEAVY WATER SAVANNAH RIVER AND DANA PLANTS. Technical Manual (1959)

A summary is presented of the basic technical iniormation that pertains to processes that are used at the Dana and Savannah River Plants for the production of heavy water. The manual is intended primarily for plant operating and technical personnel and was prepared to supplement and provide technical support for detailed operating procedures. Introductory sections contain some background information on the history, uses, available processes, and analytical procedures for heavy water. They also include a general comparison of the design and laserformance of the two plants and an analysis of their differences. The technology of the heavy water separation processes used, namely hydrogen sulfide exchange, distillation of water, and electrolysis is discussed in detail. The manufacture and storage of hydrogen sulfide gas and the process water treatment facilities are also discussed. (auth)
Surface acoustic waves propagating over a rotating piezoelectric half-space (2001)

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagating over a piezoelectric half-space rotating at a constant angular rate about a fixed axis are analyzed using the linear theory of piezoelectricity, including Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Rotation sensitivity, the rotation induced change of wave speed, is studied. The dependence of the rotation sensitivity on the orientation of the rotation axis and the orientation of the material is examined. Numerical results for polarized ceramics PZT-5H are presented to show the detailed characteristics of the rotation sensitivity. The implications of the numerical results are discussed for different applications.
A mapping neural network using unsupervised and supervised training (2002)

A two-layer mapping neural network called an extended differentiator network (EDN) is described. The network uses both unsupervised and supervised training in two phases. The differentiator, which is an unsupervised pattern classifier, is followed by the supervised outstar structure of Grossberg. This makes a network somewhat similar to the counterpropagation network of R. Hecht-Nielsen (1987). The unsupervised training of the input patterns by the differentiator provides useful information for the subsequent layer of the network and thus the associations with the target vectors are learned rapidly. As a result, some complex mappings are realizable by the network. The operation of the EDN is demonstrated by some simulation examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer between 6-Carboxyfluorescein and Rhodamine B-Labeled Particles in Aqueous Solution (1998)

The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) (donor) and rhodamine B-labeled melamine formaldehyde (RhB-MF) particles (acceptor) in aqueous solution was exploited to investigate the layer properties of polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers preadsorbed on the particle surface. The formation of poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) multilayers on the RhB-MF particles was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility measurements. The FRET process was found to proceed via adsorption of 6-CF onto the RhB-MF particles and was thus dependent on the degree of surface coverage of the PE on the surface. The PE surface coverage could be altered by depositing the layers with or without added electrolyte. The extent of FRET was also influenced by the number of PE layers (and hence layer thickness) surrounding the RhB-MF particles. Increasing the number of PE layers resulted in less energy transfer, reflecting less accessible sites on the RhB-MF particles for 6-CF adsorption. The PE layers were found to be permeable to 6-CF, with no diffusion effects evident on the time scale of the steady-state fluorescence measurements. Further, 6-CF was found to interact with PAH when the outer PE layer on the particles was PAH. This interaction presents a novel way of detecting amino sites of PAH not interacting with PSS in the PE multilayer films.
On the performance of Redundant Traffic Elimination in WLANs (2012)

Redundant Traffic Elimination (RTE) detects and removes repeated chunks of data across network flows, protocols, and applications, with the purpose of reducing bandwidth usage. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of RTE in WLAN, compare it to RTE in Ethernet, and investigate specific issues affecting RTE in WLAN. Our results show that applying RTE to WLAN links is promising and can potentially yield high bandwidth savings, although RTE is not as effective in WLAN as in wired networks. However, to exploit the full potential of RTE, it is necessary to deal with specific challenges, such as longer headers, control and management frames, retransmissions, and dropped frames. We find that including parts of MAC headers in RTE can increase overall bandwidth savings by up to 53% in a public WLAN. To handle dropped frames, which can severely compromise the effectiveness of RTE, we make a case for MAC-layer RTE, which detects frame loss at the sender. This preserves 23% more savings than a previous approach. However, frame retransmissions generate additional traffic at MAC layer, which reduces the effectiveness of RTE in general case.
The biological importance of each amino acid residue of the troponin I inhibitory sequence 104-115 in the interaction with troponin C and tropomyosin-actin. (1988)

To systematically evaluate the contribution of each amino acid residue of the troponin I (TnI) inhibitory region (104-115), 14 synthetic analogs were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The analogs consisted of either single glycine or multiglycine replacements. The importance of the substituted amino acid(s) was determined from the extent of inhibition of the acto-S1 ATPase activity and the strength of binding to a troponin C (TnC) high pressure liquid chromatography affinity column of each synthetic analog. Every residue of the TnI sequence (104-115) is necessary to achieve maximum inhibition of the ATPase activity. However, the analogs quantitatively differed in the amount of inhibition induced. The TnI analogs bound less tightly to the TnC affinity column than the native synthetic peptide indicating that all residues in the TnI sequence contribute to the binding of TnC in the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+. In the presence of Ca2+, there is a definite increase in the strength of the interaction between most analogs and TnC. This is accompanied with a shift toward a more specific interaction with the C terminus of the TnI inhibitory sequence.
Evaluation of the Photosensitizer Tookad® for Photodynamic Therapy on the Syrian Golden Hamster Cheek Pouch Model: Light Dose, Drug Dose and Drug-light Interval Effects¶ (2003)

We have evaluated the efficacy of the new photosensitizer (PS) Tookad in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. This PS is a palladium-bacteriopheophorbide presenting absorption peaks at 762 and 538 nm. The light dose, drug dose and drug injection-light irradiation interval (DLI), ranging between 100 and 300 J/cm2, 1 and 5 mg/kg and from 10 to 240 min, respectively, were varied, and the response to PDT was analyzed by staging the macroscopic response and by the histological examination of the sections of the irradiated cheek pouch. The level of PDT response, macroscopically and histologically, shows a strong dependence on the DLI, light dose and drug dose at the applied conditions in the normal hamster cheek pouch. A decay of the tissular response with increasing DLI is observed corresponding to a time of half-maximum response ranging from 10 to 120 min, depending on drug dose and light dose. The tissues affected at the lowest doses are predominantly the vascularized diffuse connective tissue situated between the inner and outer striated muscle (SM) layers as well as these muscle layers themselves. The highest response at the shortest DLI and the absence of a measurable response at DLI longer than 240 min at 300 J/cm2 and drug dose of 5 mg/kg are characteristics of a predominantly vascular effect of this PS. This observation suggests that Tookad could be effective in PDT of vascularized lesions or pathologies associated with the proliferation of neovessels.
Advances in block based fractal coding of still pictures (1990)

Fractal coding is a new technique for compressing images, which exploits similarities in different parts of the picture. For example, with a picture of a fern one can see easily where these similarities lie, each fern leaf resembling a smaller fern. With a more general picture it is not as obvious where these similarities lie. That is because attention is dominated by the macroscopic detail in the picture. If the picture is examined at a microscopic level by blocking the picture into 4*4 pixel blocks, then the 4*4 blocks show remarkable similarities: blocks that are predominantly flat, blocks with an edge across them, and so forth. >
Promoters that respond to chemical (1998)

he combination of biochemical, physiological and geneticstudies in genetically engineered transgenic plants has pro-ven to be extremely useful for analysing biochemical anddevelopmental processes. Examples include the enhanced or ec-topic expression of enzymes and regulatory proteins, and the ex-pression of antisense RNA or dominant negative proteins thatreduce the amount of a gene product. The availability of a broadspectrum of promoters that differ in their ability to regulate thetemporal and spatial expression patterns, dramatically increasesthe application of transgenic technology.In this context, promoters that are only activated in response toa specific chemical are particularly valuable. In E. coli, an exam-ple of a promoter that provides such fidelity is the IPTG induciblelac promoter, which is routinely used whenever expression of therecombinant protein is going to interfere with growth. Similarly, if a foreign gene product expressed in plants is going to interferewith regeneration, growth or reproduction, an inducible promoteris required. With such a tool, plants can be regenerated while thepromoter is inactive. Further analysis can then be performed afteractivating expression of the transgene. When working with higherplants, arguments other than the lethality of the gene product mayfavour the use of an inducible promoter over a constitutive one(Box 1). Moreover, in addition to being a valuable means of eluci-dating gene function, chemically inducible promoters are increas-ingly relevant to the improvement of crops by genetic engineering.Examples of biotechnological applications are listed in Box 1. If only very low amounts of a gene product are required for acellular process, then the expression level of the promoter shouldbe close to zero in the absence of the inducer. In this case, highexpression levels in the presence of the inducer are not an essen-tial requirement. In contrast, if only high amounts of a gene prod-uct are effective, residual activity in the absence of the inducer canbe tolerated, but it should be inducible to high levels in the pres-ence of the inducer. Ideally, both features – very low expressionlevels in the absence of the inducer, and high expression levels inthe presence of the inducer – should be combined in one system asit is more broadly applicable. A further advance in use of a chemi-cally inducible promoter is its use in combination with tissue spe-cific promoters, so that gene expression can be restricted to a giventissue at a specific time. It is important that the chemical used is highly specific for thetarget promoter: it should neither influence the expression of othergenes nor affect other cell functions. Uptake is another importantissue: once it is applied, either by foliar spray or root drenching,the chemical should enter every cell. Additional requirements thatan ideal inducer should meet are given in Box 2.To provide such tools, two different strategies are being adopted
High-Throughput Screening of the Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) Using the Caliper Microfluidic Platform (2009)

Inhibitors of kinase activities can be mechanistically diverse, genomically selective, and pathway sensitive. This potential has made these biological targets the focus of a number of drug discovery and development programs in the pharmaceutical industry. To this end, the high-throughput screening of kinase targets against diverse chemical libraries or focused compound collections is at the forefront of the drug discovery process. Thus, the platform technology used to screen such libraries must be flexible and produce reliable and comparable data. The Caliper HTS microfluidic platform provides a direct determination of a peptidic substrate and phosphorylated product through the electrophoretic separation of the two species. The resulting data are reliable and comparable among screens and cover a broad range of biological targets, provided there is a definable peptide substrate that permits separation. Here we present a method for the high-throughput screening of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) as an example of the simplicity of this microfluidic platform.
The Naturally Occurring Mutants of DDB Are Impaired in Stimulating Nuclear Import of the p125 Subunit and E2F1-Activated Transcription (1999)

The human UV-damaged-DNA binding protein DDB has been linked to the repair deficiency disease xeroderma pigmentosum group E (XP-E), because a subset of XP-E patients lack the damaged-DNA binding function of DDB. Moreover, the microinjection of purified DDB complements the repair deficiency in XP-E cells lacking DDB. Two naturally occurring XP-E mutations of DDB, 82TO and 2RO, have been characterized. They have single amino acid substitutions (K244E and R273H) within the WD motif of the p48 subunit of DDB, and the mutated proteins lack the damaged-DNA binding activity. In this report, we describe a new function of the p48 subunit of DDB, which reveals additional defects in the function of the XP-E mutants. We show that when the subunits of DDB were expressed individually, p48 localized in the nucleus and p125 localized in the cytoplasm. The coexpression of p125 with p48 resulted in an increased accumulation of p125 in the nucleus, indicating that p48 plays a critical role in the nuclear localization of p125. The mutant forms of p48, 2RO and 82TO, are deficient in stimulating the nuclear accumulation of the p125 subunit of DDB. In addition, the mutant 2RO fails to form a stable complex with the p125 subunit of DDB. Our previous studies indicated that DDB can associate with the transcription factor E2F1 and can function as a transcriptional partner of E2F1. Here we show that the two mutants, while they associate with E2F1 as efficiently as wild-type p48, are severely impaired in stimulating E2F1-activated transcription. This is consistent with our observation that both subunits of DDB are required to stimulate E2F1-activated transcription. The results provide insights into the functions of the subunits of DDB and suggest a possible link between the role of DDB in E2F1-activated transcription and the repair deficiency disease XP-E.
Appendix F: <i>Anopt</i> Notebook (1998)

F.1 Foreword Anopt is a Mathematica package for solving diverse optimization problems over spaces of functions analytic on the unit disk in the complex plane. The software is useful for engineers doing worst-case design in the frequency domain. This includes problems in control as well as a broadband gain equalization and matching. Another application is in the field of several complex variables where the program can be used to find analytic disks that are optimal with respect to various criteria, e.g., Kobayashi metric calculations. The main program Anopt[] is easy to use, even for those with little or no computing experience. Anopt[] can be run at a very simple level or at a very complex level.