gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of glutamate receptors in the human and rat basal ganglia: Effect of the dopaminergic denervation on AMPA receptor gene expression in the striatopallidal complex in parkinson's disease and rat with 6-OHDA lesion (1996)

The overactivity of subthalamopallidal and corticostriatal glutamatergic neurons observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests that antagonists of glutamate receptor could be used to alleviate the motor symptoms of the disease. In this study, we analysed two features of the striatopallidal complex: (1) the distribution of alpha-amino-3 hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxasol-propionate (AMPA) and kainate receptors and their corresponding mRNA by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation and (2) the effect of dopaminergic denervation on AMPA receptor gene expression in PD patients and rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. All AMPA receptor mRNAs and proteins (GluR1-4) were detected in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi). Among kainate receptors, only KA1 and KA2 were detectable and only at a low level. Only GluR4 protein was detected in the neuropil of the GPi. In the striatum, GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 were detected in about 70% of medium-sized and large neurons. By contrast, GluR4 mRNA was detected in only a small number of large and medium-sized neurons. Among kainate receptors, GluR6, GluR7, and KA2 were detected in about 50-60% of medium-sized neurons, whereas GluR5 and KA1 were restricted to 1-2% and 20-30% of these neurons, respectively. These results suggest that antagonists of AMPA and kainate receptors could be effective in alleviating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease by blocking the overstimulation of pallidal and striatal neurons by glutamate. A significant decrease in GluR1 gene expression (-33%) was observed in the neurons of the GPi in PD patients and in rat entopeduncular nucleus ipsilateral to the 6-OHDA lesion (-20%). GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4 mRNA levels in the GPi and GluR1-4 levels in the striatum were unchanged in PD patients and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats compared with their respective controls. These data suggest that dopamine positively regulates only GluR1 gene expression in the GPi.
A New Detector for Gaseous Components Using Semiconductive Thin Films. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Detector for Gaseous Components Using Semiconductive Thin Films.Tetsuro Seiyama, Akio Kato, Kiyoshi Fujiishi, and Masanori NagataniCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 11, 1502–1503Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60191a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60191a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4530Altmetric-Citations1180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pulse-Time-Modulated Plasma and its Applications for Plasma Etching (1998)

Controllability of pulse-time-modulated reactive plasmas, reactive plasmas, relating to highly precise etching processes with high productivity, reliability and stability for fabrication of ULSI's, is discussed. The method is the most attractive candidate for the next-generation ULSI plasma etching processes with the precise control of reactive species and electron temperature.
STUDIES OF THE HANDS OF LIVING PRIMATES (1960)

A study of passive movements and an analysis of the prehensile patterns of movement of the anthropoid ape hand was carried out in two young chimpanzees and one young orangutan, all approximately two years old at the time of study. The passive movements compare closely with those of a human child except in respect of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers; in the case of the former joint, while flexion was very full, extension was limited. Passive movement of the metacarpo‐phalangeal joints was also very full, movement being limited only by contact of the fingers with the palm. A “double‐locking” mechanism of the 2–5th digits taking place at the metacarpo‐phalangeal joints is described. The anatomical basis of these movements and the “double‐locking” mechanism is discussed. Active movements were studied in terms of the prehensile patterns of the human hand (Napier, 1956) and it is shown that, while there is evidence of a functional duality of prehension in the hands of young anthropoid apes, the execution of the two grips differs profoundly from that of Man; the difference is discussed in terms of the disproportion in the length of the thumb and fingers in apes. It is suggested that the “double‐locking” mechanism of the fingers compensates in some measure for the ineffectiveness of the thumb in prehension.
Planar APD arrays for high-resolution PET (1999)

In this paper, characterization of new, planar silicon avalanche photodiode arrays for high-resolution PET applications is discussed. High gain, monolithic 4 X 4 element APD arrays (2 mm pixels) have been fabricated using planar processes. These devices were characterized by measuring their gain (> 10<SUP>3</SUP>), quantum efficiency (60% at LSO emission) and noise (200 eV FWHM). Energy and timing resolution of these APDs were also measured by coupling them to LSO scintillators (2 X 2 X 10 mm) and were found to be 12% and 4 ns, respectively. An APD array was also coupled to a matching LSO array and successful experiments were conducted to identify the crystal which scintillated. Finally, initial experiments to measure depth of interaction have also been performed.
Calcification of bicuspid aortic valves (2002)

Calcific valve disease represents a disease spectrum that ranges from mild irregular valve thickening (or sclerosis) to severe valve obstruction

Over the past decade, our concept of the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve disease has undergone a major transformation. We now recognise that calcific valve disease is the end stage of an active disease process and is not caused by “wear and tear” of the valve tissue. Immunohistochemical studies of trileaflet aortic valves with varying degrees of valve stenosis have demonstrated the presence of inflammation, lipid infiltration, and production of proteins that mediate tissue calcification.

These studies have established the presence of T lymphocytes and macrophages both in the early stages of this disease process and in valves with severe stenosis removed at surgery.1,2 The inflammatory cell infiltrate is located in areas of subendothelial lipid infiltration on the aortic side of the valve leaflet with extension into the adjacent fibrosa, the dense collagenous layer of the leaflet that provides tensile strength. The focal presence of neutral lipid can be demonstrated with oil-red-O staining with specific immunohistochemical markers being consistent with infiltration of low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein Lp(a). In addition, there is evidence of lipid oxidation, as is seen in atherosclerotic …
Wavefront distortion measurement of a SR extraction mirror for the beam profile monitor using Shack-Hartmann method (2002)

The wavefront measurement technique using the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor has been developed for measurement of wavefront distortion of a SR extraction mirror for the beam profile monitor at the Photon Factory. The instrument consists of a multi-lens array (8/spl times/8 array, 250 /spl mu/m pitch and focal length of 4.5 mm), a beam expander (20:1), an image relay lens system (1:1), a He-Ne laser (633 nm) and a digital CCD camera. To analyze positions of focal spot on the CCD in 1/10 of the pixel size, the wave front sensor can measured to be /spl lambda//30. A dynamic range of the wavefront sensor was designed 12.6 /spl mu/m max. Performance of the wavefront sensor was tested with an optical flat. With this wavefront sensor, a wavefront error caused by surface deformation of the SR extraction minor was measured at Beamline 27 of Photon Factory. The correction of the measured wavefront distortion is also described.
User-guided pedestrian and object removal (2013)

Street-level image collections now exist for a number of locations around the world. While the focus is on capturing streets and buildings, pedestrians are commonly captured. Pedestrian faces are identified and blurred in different system to address privacy concerns but leave their possibly identifiable bodies intact. In this paper, we present a user-guided approach to fully remove pedestrians and undesirable scene objects. Both are fully removed given a user created removal mask with our system's gui and using successive image frames with an image inpainting-inspired approach.
Structure and Dynamics of the Native HIV-1 Env Trimer (2015)

HIV-1/AIDS remains one of the worst pandemics in human history. Despite tremendous efforts, no effective vaccine has been found. Recent reports give new insights into the structure and dynamics of the HIV-1 Env trimer and renew hopes that a better understanding of Env will translate into new vaccine candidates and more-effective antiretroviral therapies.
How the Obscure Features Hypothesis Leads to Innovation Assistant Software. (2011)

A new cognitive theory of innovation, the Obscure Features Hypothesis (OFH), states that almost all innovative solutions result from two steps: (1) noticing a rarely noticed or never-before noticed (i.e., obscure) feature of the problem’s elements, and (2) building a solution based on that obscure feature (McCaffrey 2011). Structural properties of the human semantic network make it possible to locate useful obscure features with a high probability. Innovation Assistant (IA) software interactively guides human users to the most likely obscure features for solving the problem at hand.
Polymerization of aniline and alkyl ring-substituted anilines in the presence of aromatic additives (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of aniline and alkyl ring-substituted anilines in the presence of aromatic additivesYen. Wei, Guang Way. Jang, Chi Cheung. Chan, Kesyin F. Hsueh, Ramakrishnan. Hariharan, Sandeep A. Patel, and Charles K. WhitecarCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 19, 7716–7721Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100382a073RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1002Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (791 KB) Get e-Alerts
A transfer technique for high mobility graphene devices on commercially available hexagonal boron nitride (2011)

We present electronic transport measurements of single and bilayer graphene on commercially available hexagonal boron nitride. We extract mobilities as high as 125 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature and 275 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 4.2 K. The excellent quality is supported by the early development of the ν = 1 quantum Hall plateau at a magnetic field of 5 T and temperature of 4.2 K. We also present a fast, simple, and accurate transfer technique of graphene to hexagonal boron nitride crystals. This technique yields atomically flat graphene on boron nitride which is almost completely free of bubbles or wrinkles. The potential of commercially available boron nitride combined with our transfer technique makes high mobility graphene devices more accessible.
A new model of gate capacitance as a simple tool to extract MOS parameters (2001)

This paper tackles the difficult task to extract MOS parameters by a new model of the gate capacitance that takes into account both poly-Si depletion and charge quantization and includes temperature effects. A new fast and iterative procedure, based on this simplified self-consistent model, will be presented to estimate simultaneously the main MOS system parameters (oxide thickness, substrate, and poly-Si doping) and oxide field, surface potentials at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ and at the poly-Si/SiO/sub 2/ interfaces. Its effectiveness will be demonstrated by comparing oxide field and oxide thickness to those extracted by other methods proposed in the literature. Moreover, these methods are critically reviewed and we suggest improvements to reduce their errors. The agreement between CV simulation and experimental data is good without the need of any free parameter to improve the fitting quality for several gate and substrate materials combinations. Finally, a simple law to estimate substrate and poly-Si doping in n/sup +//n/sup +/ MOS capacitors from CV curves is proposed.
Altered cutaneous microvascular responses to reactive hyperaemia in coronary artery disease: a comparative study with conduit vessel responses (2002)

Cutaneous microvascular responses to physiological stimuli are currently being investigated as indices of vascular function and to monitor responses to therapy. We attempted to systematically assess various microvascular cutaneous flow indices in response to reactive hyperaemia in control subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and to correlate these with brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Groups of 24 healthy controls and 24 subjects with CAD underwent sequential brachial FMD determination in the dominant arm, and laser Doppler imaging to assess skin blood flow in the contralateral arm in response to reactive hyperaemia induced by cuff inflation and release. Laser Doppler values were expressed as: (a) AUC(5 min) (area under the curve over 5 min of release), (b) time to peak response, (c) % reactive hyperaemia, and (d) peak perfusion ratio. As expected, FMD was attenuated in CAD patients compared with controls (1.85+/-4.29% compared with 4.30+/-4.00%; P=0.05). Percentage reactive hyperaemia (CAD, 294+/-290%; controls, 501+/-344%; P=0.04) and the time to peak response as measured by laser Doppler imaging (CAD, 16.84+/-9.61 s; controls, 9.13+/-4.43 s; P=0.001) were significantly different between the CAD and control groups, while AUC(5 min) and the peak perfusion ratio did not show significant differences. Receiver operator curves for sensitivity/specificity analysis suggested that the time to peak response derived by laser Doppler imaging was superior to FMD for the diagnosis of CAD, with an overall specificity of 91.3% (positive predictive value of 89.4%) and a sensitivity of 73.7% (negative predictive value of 77.6%). In conclusion, laser Doppler-derived indices of microvascular flow do not correlate with conduit vessel responses. However, a time to peak response of >10 s as measured by laser Doppler imaging offers superior specificity for the diagnosis of CAD compared with brachial FMD.
A computable cellular stress network model for non-diseased pulmonary and cardiovascular tissue (2011)

The results presented here describe the construction of a cellular stress network model and its application towards the analysis of environmental stress using transcriptomic data. The proof-of-principle analysis described here, coupled with the future development of additional network models covering distinct areas of biology, will help to further clarify the integrated biological responses elicited by complex environmental stressors such as CS, in pulmonary and cardiovascular cells.
The Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project (2005)

A new, clinically based, hypothesis-driven approach to postmarketing surveillance may supplement existing regulatory surveillance systems and improve patient safety.
INDUCTION, PURIFICATION, AND PROPERTIES OF 2′5′ OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE (1980)

The results presented above relate to several aspects of the 2-5A system. A simple but insensitive radiochemical assay fro 2-5A and its synthetase is described. Progress towards the molecular characterization of the synthetase suggested that it is composed of a single 56,000 dalton polypeptide chain that is synthesized in response to IF treatment. Degradation of 2-5A occurs at the same rapid rate in extracts of IF-treated and untreated chick cells. However, this breakdown can be inhibited by its end-product, 5'AMP, or by the activated synthetase which can further elongate 2-5A and thereby protect it from degradation. The direction of elongation is from the 5' to the 2' terminus. Molecules other than 2-5A can act as substrates fro 2'-adenylation by the activated synthetase. These include some dinucleoside monophosphates, ADP-ribose and NAD+, and methylene-bridged analogues of ATP. The methylene-bridged analogues of 2-5A that are synthesized in the latter case retain some of the biological activity of authentic 2-5A, indicating that cleavage of the 5'-terminal phosphate group(s) is not involved in the mechanism of nuclease activation by 2-5A.
Direct Magnesiation of Polyfunctionalized Arenes and Heteroarenes Using (tmp)<sub>2</sub>Mg⋅2 LiCl (2007)

Outstripping lithium bases: A wide range of polyfunctional aryl and heteroaryl magnesium reagents were efficiently prepared in THF by direct magnesiation with (tmp)2Mg⋅2 LiCl, an exceptionally active base. These compounds can serve as intermediates in natural product synthesis. In the example shown a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction is used to prepare a derivative of salicylic acid. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701487_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP) (2007)

It is recognized that 80% of data have a spatial component (ex. street address, place name, geographic coordinates, map coordinates). Having the possibilities to display data on maps, to compare maps of different phenomena or epochs, and to combine maps with tables and statistical charts allows one to get more insights into spatial datasets. Furthermore, performing fast spatio-temporal analysis, interactively exploring the data by drilling on maps similarly to drilling on tables and charts, and easily synchronizing such operations among these views is nowadays required by more and more users. This can be done by combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP), paving the way to “SOLAP” (Spatial OLAP). The present chapter focuses on the spatial characteristics of SOLAP from a geomatics engineering point of view: concepts, architectures, tools and remaining challenges.
Training Probabilistic Spiking Neural Networks with First- To-Spike Decoding (2018)

Third-generation neural networks, or Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), aim at harnessing the energy efficiency of spike-domain processing by building on computing elements that operate on, and exchange, spikes. In this paper, the problem of training a two-layer SNN is studied for the purpose of classification, under a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) probabilistic neural model that was previously considered within the computational neuroscience literature. Conventional classification rules for SNNs operate offline based on the number of output spikes at each output neuron. In contrast, a novel training method is proposed here for a first-to-spike decoding rule, whereby the SNN can perform an early classification decision once spike firing is detected at an output neuron. Numerical results bring insights into the optimal parameter selection for the GLM neuron and on the accuracy-complexity trade-off performance of conventional and first-to-spike decoding.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of (2R,3R)-2-Aryl-1-azolyl-3-(substituted amino)-2-butanol Derivatives as Topical Antifungal Agents. (1999)

2-Aryl-1-azolyl-3-(substituted amino)-2-butanol derivatives I were prepared by ring-opening reaction of epoxides II with excess amine, and their antifungal activities were evaluated as topical agents. Azolyl-cyclic amine derivatives with a methylene group showed extremely strong activity with a broad spectrum in vitro. In general, anti-Trichophyton mentagrophytes activities of most of the topical antifungal agents are substantially reduced by addition of keratin (a major constituent of the keratinized tissue). However, the triazole derivative (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylenepiperidino)-1-(1H-1,2 ,4- triazol-1-yl)-2-butanol ((-)-40, KP-103) showed very little deactivation by addition of keratin. This biological characteristic of triazole derivative (-)-40 resulted in excellent therapeutic efficacy on dermatophytosis superior to that of the corresponding imidazole derivative ((-)-41).
Forecasting Seizures in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Epilepsy (2014)

Seizure forecasting has the potential to create new therapeutic strategies for epilepsy, such as providing patient warnings and delivering preemptive therapy. Progress on seizure forecasting, however, has been hindered by lack of sufficient data to rigorously evaluate the hypothesis that seizures are preceded by physiological changes, and are not simply random events. We investigated seizure forecasting in three dogs with naturally occurring focal epilepsy implanted with a device recording continuous intracranial EEG (iEEG). The iEEG spectral power in six frequency bands: delta (0.1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-30 Hz), low-gamma (30-70 Hz), and high-gamma (70-180 Hz), were used as features. Logistic regression classifiers were trained to discriminate labeled pre-ictal and inter-ictal data segments using combinations of the band spectral power features. Performance was assessed on separate test data sets via 10-fold cross-validation. A total of 125 spontaneous seizures were detected in continuous iEEG recordings spanning 6.5 to 15 months from 3 dogs. When considering all seizures, the seizure forecasting algorithm performed significantly better than a Poisson-model chance predictor constrained to have the same time in warning for all 3 dogs over a range of total warning times. Seizure clusters were observed in all 3 dogs, and when the effect of seizure clusters was decreased by considering the subset of seizures separated by at least 4 hours, the forecasting performance remained better than chance for a subset of algorithm parameters. These results demonstrate that seizures in canine epilepsy are not randomly occurring events, and highlight the feasibility of long-term seizure forecasting using iEEG monitoring.