gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and evaluation of taste masked Drotaverine HCl orodispersible tabletsusing polymethacrylate polymers (2010)

The objective of this present study was to mask the intensely bitter taste of drotaverine hydrochloride and to formulate orodispersible tablet. Taste masking was done by complexing drotaverine HCl with polymethacrylate polymers (Eudragit E100 and Eudragit RD100) by solvent evaporation technique. The drug: polymer ratio was (1:10) with drug content 40mg. The granules of two optimized drug-polymer complexes (DPCs) were tested for packing and flow properties. These granules were compressed into tablets and evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, wetting, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro taste in simulated salivary fluid (SSF) of pH 6.2. Their dissolution profiles (i.e. F1 and F2) were compared with commercial formulation (MKT). The optimized formulations were further characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate any interactions between the drug and the added excipients. The granules of the optimized DPCs were free flowing with angle of repose <280. The DPCs tablets (i.e. F1 and F2) had hardness and friability values of ≥ 4kg/cm2 and <0.9% respectively. These tablets disintegrated rapidly (<75sec) with a wetting time of ≤22sec. It also showed rapid drug release in stimulated gastric fluid (SGF) compared with marketed formulation. For instance, the maximum release of drotaverine hydrochloride in F1, F2 and MKT were achieved in 30, 15 and 90mins respectively. Taste evaluation of the DPCs tablets (F1 and F2) in human volunteers revealed considerable taste masking with the degree of bitterness below threshold value. There were also no drug/excipient interactions. This study shows the suitability of polymethacrylate polymers (Eudragit E100 and Eudragit RD100) in masking the bitter taste of orodispersible tablets of drotaverine HCl.
Suffering as a State-of-Mind (2015)

This theoretical paper is an attempt at exploring and understanding the convoluted concept of “suffering” according to the Indian philosophy, including Buddha, Patanjali, Sivananda, the Gita & Jainism. However, the three predominant schools of thought on suffering discussed in detail in the paper are Buddhism, Samkhya and Yoga, along with the concepts of dukha, purusha and prakriti, and the five afflictions mentioned in Patanjali’s Yoga sutras. Drawing from these theories of suffering the author has generated a concept map to facilitate one’s understanding about suffering, and finally, a pertinent conclusion has been drawn describing suffering as a state of mind that is free from the attachment of the transient and is just a fleeting thought of the human mind.
A study of release of ovulating hormone in IVCS strain mice (1978)

IVCS系マウスを用いて下垂体の排卵ホルモン(OH)含量及び血中L且濃度の変化に対するpentobarbital(ptb)麻酔の影響について検討した。その結果すでに報告したptb麻酔によって引き起こされる排卵時刻の短時間遅延という現象は,下垂体のOH放出時刻の遅延に起因することが明らかになった。即ち排卵時刻の遅延と平行した時間関係で下垂体OH含量の急激な減少,血中LH濃度の上昇が観察された。まず正常周期における下垂体OH含量の急激な減少はproestrus(P)の日の16時以降に認められ,血中LH濃度のピークは18時に認められた。これに対しPの日の13時にptb単一投与を行った場合には下垂体OH含量の減少は18時以降に起こり,血中LHのピークは21時に認められた。さらに17時と19時にptbの追注を行った場合には,下垂体OH含量の減少,血中LH濃度の上昇はそれぞれestrus(E)の日の0時以降に認められた。しかし正常周期において認められる下垂体OH含量の減少持続時間全てにptb効果が及ぶようにptbの追注を23時までくり返し行うと,下垂体OH含量の減少,血中LH濃度の上昇ともEの日の時まで発現しなかった。Pの日の18時のptb投与により,正常周期で認められるEの日の0時まで続く下垂体OH含量の減少は阻止された6この結果,排卵に必要十分な量のOH放出だけでなく,その後に続くOH放出も視床下部の支配下にあり,視床下部一下垂体系の活動が長時間持続していることが示された。以上の結果本系統マウスにおいてはラットと異なり,OH放出に対する視床下部の興奮は15時頃から24時頃まで約9時間以上持続することが明らかになった。
Orthopaedic surgeons turn attention to sports injury prevention (2005)

Increased pediatric sports injury rates are an unfortunate consequence of rising participation. The offices and operating rooms of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons across the country are increasingly filled with minor and major sports injuries.



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Dr. Flynn 





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SpoIIE Is Necessary for Asymmetric Division, Sporulation, and Expression of σ <sup>F</sup> , σ <sup>E</sup> , and σ <sup>G</sup> but Does Not Control Solvent Production in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (2011)

In order to better characterize the initial stages of sporulation past Spo0A activation and the associated solventogenesis in the important industrial and model organism Clostridium acetobutylicum, the spoIIE gene was successfully disrupted and its expression was silenced. By silencing spoIIE, sporulation was blocked prior to asymmetric division, and no mature spores or any distinguishable morphogenetic changes developed. Upon plasmid-based complementation of spoIIE, sporulation was restored, although the number of spores formed was below that of the plasmid control strain. To investigate the impact of silencing spoIIE on the regulation of sporulation, transcript levels of sigF, sigE, and sigG were examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and the corresponding σF, σE, and σG protein levels were determined by Western analysis. Expression of sigF was significantly reduced in the inactivation strain, and this resulted in very low σF protein levels. Expression of sigE was barely detected, and no sigG transcript was detected at all; consequently, no σE or σG proteins were detected. These data suggest an autostimulatory role for σF in C. acetobutylicum, in contrast to the model organism for endospore formation, Bacillus subtilis, and confirm that high-level expression of σF is required for expression of σE and σG. Unlike the σF and σE inactivation strains, the SpoIIE inactivation strain did not exhibit inoculum-dependent solvent formation and produced good levels of solvents from both exponential- and stationary-phase inocula. Thus, we concluded that SpoIIE does not control solvent formation.
Quorum Sensing Is Accompanied by Global Metabolic Changes in the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2015)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a transcriptional regulatory mechanism that allows bacteria to coordinate their gene expression profile with the population cell density. The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses QS to control the production of secreted virulence factors. In this study, we show that QS elicits a global "metabolic rewiring" in P. aeruginosa. This metabolic rerouting of fluxes is consistent with a variety of drivers, ranging from altered QS-dependent transcription of "metabolic genes" through to the effect(s) of global "metabolic readjustment" as a consequence of QS-dependent exoproduct synthesis, as well as a general stress response, among others. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to assess the global impact of QS on the metabolome.
Pump Laser Module for Co-propagating Raman Amplifier (2003)

The inner-grating multimode (iGM) laser, which has a new structure, has been proposed and developed as the pump laser for co-propagating Raman amplification. Among the important characteristics of co-propagating Raman amplification, we have focused on relative intensity noise (RIN) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). We have effected structural optimization and evaluation, and have devised a driving system.
Method for isolation and molecular characterization of extracellular microvesicles released from brain endothelial cells (2013)

The methods described here permit identification of the molecular signatures for brain endothelial cell-specific extracellular microvesicles under various biological conditions. In addition to being a potential source of useful biomarkers, these vesicles contain potentially novel receptors known for delivering molecules across the blood-brain barrier.
Summary of the recommendations of the <scp>EFNS</scp>/<scp>MDS</scp>‐<scp>ES</scp> review on therapeutic management of <scp>P</scp>arkinson's disease (2012)

For each clinical indication, a list of therapeutic interventions is provided, including classification of evidence.
N-Dealkylation of aliphatic amines and selective synthesis of monoalkylated aryl amines (2008)

Highly selective alkyl transfer processes of mono-, di- and trialkyl amines in the presence of the Shvo catalyst have been realized; in addition, a general method for N-alkylation of aniline with di- and trialkyl amines is presented.
Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis (2012)

Evaluating the environmental impacts of climate change on water resources and biological components of the landscape is an integral part of hydrologic and ecological investigations, and the resultant land and resource management in the twenty-first century. Impacts of both climate and simulated hydrologic parameters on ecological processes are relevant at scales that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of landscapes. At present, simulations of climate change available from global climate models [GCMs] require downscaling for hydrologic or ecological applications. Using statistically downscaled future climate projections developed using constructed analogues, a methodology was developed to further downscale the projections spatially using a gradient-inverse-distance-squared approach for application to hydrologic modeling at 270-m spatial resolution. This paper illustrates a methodology to downscale and bias-correct national GCMs to subkilometer scales that are applicable to fine-scale environmental processes. Four scenarios were chosen to bracket the range of future emissions put forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Fine-scale applications of downscaled datasets of ecological and hydrologic correlations to variation in climate are illustrated. The methodology, which includes a sequence of rigorous analyses and calculations, is intended to reduce the addition of uncertainty to the climate data as a result of the downscaling while providing the fine-scale climate information necessary for ecological analyses. It results in new but consistent data sets for the US at 4 km, the southwest US at 270 m, and California at 90 m and illustrates the utility of fine-scale downscaling to analyses of ecological processes influenced by topographic complexity.
Reduced-complexity decoding of Q-ary LDPC codes for magnetic recording (2003)

Binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes perform very well on magnetic recording channels (MRCs) with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, an MRC is subject to other impairments, such as media defects and thermal asperities. Binary LDPC codes may not be able to cope with these impairments without the help of a Reed-Solomon code. A better form of coding may be Q-ary LDPC codes, which have been shown to outperform binary LDPC codes and Reed-Solomon codes on the AWGN channel. In this paper, we report on our investigation of Q-ary LDPC coded MRCs, both with AWGN and with burst impairments, and we present a new reduced-complexity decoding algorithm for Q-ary LDPC codes. We show that Q-ary LDPC codes outperform binary LDPC codes in the presence of burst impairments.
Low Power Huffman Coding for High Performance Data Transmission (2006)

In this paper, we propose a low power Huffman coding by reducing the number of switching activity during data transmitting. The low power Huffman coding consists of the following two steps: Firstly, reduce the switching activity between each symbol by changing the locations of leaves node in Huffman tree. Secondly, reconstruct the Huffman tree by properly changing interior nodes to decrease switching activities of each codeword. The experimental results show that the proposed Huffman coding algorithm can reduce switching activity up to 7.25% on average and 18.04% for the best case compared with traditional Huffman coding approach in executable files. Besides, the average power consumption reduction ratio is 3.81% for other files. As a result, the proposed algorithm is very useful for data transmissions over large self-capacitances wire.
Maximum likelihood approaches for noncoherent communications with chaotic carriers (2001)

This paper deals with two problems. The first one is the noise decontamination of chaotic carriers using a maximum likelihood approach, the second is the design of communications schemes with chaotic carriers. After presenting improvements of the noise decontamination algorithms, we apply them in communication schemes. Experimental evidences show competitive capabilities of the proposed schemes with respect to the existing chaos-based modulation-demodulation techniques. In our approach we assume that the dynamics of the carriers are known in advance.
Optical coherent detection Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensor based on orthogonal polarization diversity reception (2005)

In Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensor, using optical coherent detection to detect Brillouin scattering optical signal is a good method, but there exists the polarization correlated detection problem. A novel detecting scheme is presented and demonstrated experimentally, which adopts orthogonal polarization diversity reception to resolve the polarization correlated detection problem. A laser is used as pump and reference light sources, a microwave electric-optical modulator (EOM) is adopted to produce frequency shift reference light, a polarization controller is used to control the polarization of the reference light which is changed into two orthogonal polarization for two adjacent acquisition periods. The Brillouin scattering light is coherently detected with the reference light, and the Brillouin scattering optical signal is taken out based on Brillouin frequency shift. After electronic processing, better Brillouin distributed sensing signal is obtained. A 25-km Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensor is achieved.
Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis of Purified Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Produced from Infected Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (2006)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects CD4(+) T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, incorporating host proteins in the process of assembly and budding. Analysis of the host cell proteins incorporated into virions can provide insights into viral biology. We characterized proteins in highly purified HIV-1 virions produced from human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), within which virus buds predominantly into intracytoplasmic vesicles, in contrast to the plasmalemmal budding of HIV-1 typically seen with infected T cells. Liquid chromatography-linked tandem mass spectrometry of highly purified virions identified many cellular proteins, including 33 previously described proteins in HIV-1 preparations from other cell types. Proteins involved in many different cellular structures and functions were present, including those from the cytoskeleton, adhesion, signaling, intracellular trafficking, chaperone, metabolic, ubiquitin/proteasomal, and immune response systems. We also identified annexins, annexin-binding proteins, Rab proteins, and other proteins involved in membrane organization, vesicular trafficking, and late endosomal function, as well as apolipoprotein E, which participates in cholesterol transport, immunoregulation, and modulation of cell growth and differentiation. Several tetraspanins, markers of the late endosomal compartment, were also identified. MDM-derived HIV contained 26 of 37 proteins previously found in exosomes, consistent with the idea that HIV uses the late endosome/multivesicular body pathway during virion budding from macrophages.
A fast-response pyroelectric thermal detector (1962)

A thermal radiation detector having a high frequency time constant of 5 μsec (which can easily be improved to better than 1 μsec) is described. The instrument has been used to measure the radiation from a high temperature gas discharge. In the detector a pyroelectric output is obtained when radiation is absorbed on to a piece of ferroelectric material (barium titanate) whose thickness is greater than the thermal diffusion depth for the length in time of the radiation pulse being measured. The electrical signal is examined theoretically and experimentally and is shown to be directly related to either the incident energy or flux, and it is also shown that the upper frequency response is limited by mechanical resonances of the ferroelectric (engendered by thermal expansion) rather than by a thermal time constant.
<i>Ex vivo</i>accuracy evaluation for robot assisted laser bone ablation (2010)

Robot assisted laser bone ablation has the potential to revolutionize surgery, especially in those interventions where the accuracy achievable manually is not sufficient.
Rad23 Is Required for Transcription-Coupled Repair and Efficient Overall Repair in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

The repair of UV-induced photoproducts (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) in a well-characterized minichromosome, genomic DNA, and a transcribed genomic gene (RPB2) of a rad23delta mutant of Saccharomyces care was examined. Isogenic wild-type cells show a strong bias for the repair of the transcribed strands in both the plasmid and genomic genes and efficient overall repair of both DNAs (>80% of the dimers were removed in 6 h). However, the rad23delta mutant shows (i) no strand bias for repair in these genes and decreased repair of both strands, (ii) partial repair of genomic DNA (approximately 45% in 6 h), and (iii) very poor repair of the plasmid overall approximately 15% in 6 h). These features, coupled with the decreased UV survival of rad23delta cells, indicate that Rad23 is required for both transcription-coupled repair and efficient overall repair in S. cerevisiae.
ExOR (2005)

This paper describes ExOR,an integrated routing and MAC protocol that increases the throughput of large unicast transfers in multi-hop wireless networks. ExOR chooses each hop of a packet's route after the transmission for that hop, so that the choice can reflect which intermediate nodes actually received the transmission. This deferred choice gives each transmission multiple opportunities to make progress. As a result ExOR can use long radio links with high loss rates, which would be avoided by traditional routing. ExOR increases a connection's throughput while using no more network capacity than traditional routine.ExOR's design faces the following challenges. The nodes that receive each packet must agree on their identities and choose one forwarder.The agreement protocol must have low overhead, but must also be robust enough that it rarely forwards a packet zero times or more than once. Finally, ExOR must choose the forwarder with the lowest remaining cost to the ultimate destination.Measurements of an implementation on a 38-node 802.11b test-bed show that ExOR increases throughput for most node pairs when compared with traditional routing. For pairs between which traditional routing uses one or two hops, ExOR's robust acknowledgments prevent unnecessary retransmissions,increasing throughput by nearly 35%. For more distant pairs, ExOR takes advantage of the choice of forwarders to provide throughput gains of a factor of two to four.
Gas, oil, coal, and environmental biotechnology III (1991)

The paper`s presented at the Institute of Gas Technology`s Third International Symposium on Gas, Oil, Coal, and Environmental Biotechnology are reproduced in this book. The presentations and discussions by scientists and engineers from academic, industrial, and governmental research laboratories and by technical program managers and administrators emphasized biotechnological approaches to interrelated issues of energy utilization, energy resources, and the environment. Topics discussed include biodegradation of contaminants in soils and water; coal, gas, and oil biotechnology; and biocorrosion. (VC)
Enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins. II. Molecular‐weight range (1994)

Using high-pressure liquid chromatography we studied the distribution of molecular weights in whey-protein hydrolysates using the following commercially obtained proteases: Alcalasa 0.6 L and Protease 660 L, both bacterial in origin, and PEM 2500 S, of animal origin. In each of the systems, the range of molecular weights in the hydrolysate depended solely on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) achieved. For DH >/= 20, between 65% and 95% of the hydrolysate is made up of peptides with a molecular weight of less than 1,000 Da. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Serialized TID numbers - A headache or a blessing for RFID crackers? (2009)

Though transponder ID (TID) numbers of RFID tags were originally introduced to identify the chip model, serialized TID numbers are currently advertised as security features of UHF chips. Serialized TID numbers do not provide any cryptographic protection, but they do introduce a practical hurdle against adversaries who want to clone RFID tags today. Furthermore, serialized TID numbers are important for end-users who want to protect their current UHF tags from cloning since cryptographic tags are not yet commercially available in that frequency range. In this overview paper, we analyze the suitability of serialized TID numbers for security applications by evaluating the effort to bypass the TID check based on known vulnerabilities and we compare this effort to the needed level of protection in an example of anti-counterfeiting in the tobacco industry. The analysis illustrates that the practical hurdle of TID checks is not high enough for industrial-scale security applications and that it can completely diminish due to commodification of the RFID technology. However, end-users of security applications can still benefit from the increased tag cloning resistance that serialized TID numbers provide before migrating to more secure solutions.
Hybrid front end converters for large multi-motor applications integrated with energy storage (2012)

To supply the AC drive systems several Active Front Ends (AFE) with DC choppers are used to insure a reliable and acceptable harmonic current spectrum operation. Recently, energy storage system integration with the mining equipment has received industry attention, especially for peak load shaving and smarter energy management of the mine. Currently, the regenerative energy is often burnt into the choppers and is not fed back to the grid. The industry is motivated to capture this regenerative power since it can be as high as 60% of the motoring power and as high as 24 MW. Therefore, there is a possibility of large cost reduction and component downsizing. However, present status of development seems not to be very promising mainly because energy storage systems, (such as ultracapacitors) are still considered as an add-on part to existing products. In this paper, we investigate the operation of the current state-of-the-art front end converter systems for multi-motor applications. In particular, we propose power conversion configurations and methodology to determine the suitable energy storage technology for development of the multi-motor mobile mining equipment that has encouraging incentives for both the manufacturer and the mine operator.