gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cisco LAN switching (1999)

The most complete guide to Cisco Catalyst(r) switch network design, operation, and configuration * Master key foundation topics such as high-speed LAN technologies, LAN segmentation, bridging, the Catalyst command-line environment, and VLANs * Improve the performance of your campus network by utilizing effective Cisco Catalyst design, configuration, and troubleshooting techniques * Benefit from the most comprehensive coverage of Spanning-Tree Protocol, including invaluable information on troubleshooting common Spanning Tree problems * Master trunking concepts and applications, including ISL, 802.1Q, LANE, and MPOA * Understand when and how to utilize Layer 3 switching techniques for maximum effect * Understand Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching configuration with the Catalyst 6000 family, including coverage of the powerful MSFC Native IOS Mode Cisco LAN Switchingprovides the most comprehensive coverage of the best methods for designing, utilizing, and deploying LAN switching devices and technologies in a modern campus network. Divided into six parts, this book takes you beyond basic switching concepts by providing an array of proven design models, practical implementation solutions, and troubleshooting strategies. Part I discusses important foundation issues that provide a context for the rest of the book, including Fast and Gigabit Ethernet, routing versus switching, the types of Layer 2 switching, the Catalyst command-line environment, and VLANs. Part II presents the most detailed discussion of Spanning-Tree Protocol in print, including common problems, troubleshooting, and enhancements, such as PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and PVST+. Part III examines the critical issue of trunk connections, the links used to carry multiple VLANs through campus networks. Entire chapters are dedicated to LANE and MPOA. Part IV addresses advanced features, such as Layer 3 switching, VTP, and CGMP and IGMP. Part V covers real-world campus design and implementation issues, allowing you to benefit from the collective advice of many LAN switching experts. Part VI discusses issues specific to the Catalyst 6000/6500 family of switches, including the powerful Native IOS Mode of Layer 3 switching. Several features in Cisco LAN Switchingare designed to reinforce concepts covered in the book and to help you prepare for the CCIE exam. In addition to the practical discussion of advanced switching issues, this book also contains case studies that highlight real-world design, implementation, and management issues, as well as chapter-ending review questions and exercises. This book is part of the Cisco CCIE Professional Development Series from Cisco Press, which offers expert-level instruction on network design, deployment, and support methodologies to help networking professionals manage complex networks and prepare for CCIE exams.
Expression of microRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma of human head and neck and the esophagus: miR-205 and miR-21 are specific markers for HNSCC and ESCC (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate cell proliferation and functions by interfering with the translation of target mRNAs. Altered expression of miRNA is known to induce various human malignancies. We examined the expression of miRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma of human head and neck (HNSCC) and esophagus (ESCC), compared to that in normal squamous epithelia as well as malignancies of other organs. Microarray analysis showed up-regulation of miR-21, miR-16 and miR-30a-5p in HNSCC and ESCC cell lines compared to normal squamous epithelial cell lines, and consistent high expression of miR-205 and let-7a in both normal and malignant squamous epithelial cell lines. Validation study using real-time quantitative RT-PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancer tissues and paired normal epithelia obtained by Laser-captured microdissection revealed that miR-205 showed highest expression in both malignant and benign squamous epithelia, although it was less expressed in cell lines and tissues other than squamous epithelia. MiR-21, which is an oncogenic miRNA in various malignancies, was also up-regulated in HNSCC and ESCC compared to paired normal squamous epithelia. These results suggest that miR-205 might be a specific marker miRNA of both normal and malignant squamous epithelia, while miR-21 might be a putative oncogenic miRNA in HNSCC and ESCC.
Stem Cells 101 (2004)

Editor’s Note: Stem cells are everywhere in the news these days. We hear people touting them as the next medical breakthrough, akin to antibiotics, and others decrying them as a sign of the loss of our medical moral compass. In the next two ethics columns, we will attempt to tackle these issues. Katherine White, a fourth-year medical student at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, spent time this summer investigating the science and moral landscape of stem cell research. In this first installment, she provides a brief overview of the science of stem cells with an introduction of the controversies and ethics issues raised. In the second column, she delves more deeply into the ethics controversies, particularly pertaining to the threat to people with disabilities.
Turbulent Mixing in Developing Region of Swirl Flow in a Pipe (1981)

本管に垂直かつ接線方向に支管を取り付けた合流管による2流体の混合特性について実験的に研究した.本管断面の温度分布を実測し, 混合平均温度に対する2次モーメントを用いて, 広い範囲の管径比・速度比における混合特性を比較した.同時に吹き込まれた支流が本管中で形成する偏向壁面噴流の軌跡を測定し, この噴流の挙動に基づいて混合機構を考察した.旋回の強さを表すパラメータとしてスワール数を用い, 旋回の強さと混合条件との関係を検討した.その結果, 偏向壁面噴流の軌跡は運動量長さスケールでよく正規化された.旋回合流による混合には, 最短流下距離での急速な混合のための最適速度比が存在する.これは速度比の増加とともに初めは増大する偏向壁面噴流の同伴が, 次第に強まる旋回の影響により抑制されるためと考えられる.急速な混合のための最適条件はスワール数が0.4から0.6の範囲に存在し, 混合前の支流の運動量が主流の運動量の0.7倍の条件として与えられる.
A study on accuracy improvement of knowledge extraction from the medical package inserts (2015)

This paper presents the evaluation method of the effect range from the package insert of medicine with text mining. Mostof the people who take the over the counter medicines cannot understand the medicinal effects. This is because they havelittle knowledge of the medicine. The ingredients of the over the counter medicines are made from prescription products. Theprescription product shows various laboratory findings to obtain authorization from the Ministry of Health, Labour andWelfare.The medical information is described in the package insert of the medicine, and anyone is available. It is possible to evaluate theeffect of the ingredient in the over the counter medicines, if we analyzed the medical information described in this package insertof the medicine with text mining method. This paper, we focus on both the antipyretic and the antitussive among lots of the overthe counter medicines and do intensive research with them. However, variability is observed in the results of the analysis. Weanalyze the effect of magnification of each experimental configuration. Since the size of this fluctuation range comes from theexperimental configuration. Therefore, we summarize the medication type and the experimental data of the medicine in eachexperimental configuration. As a result, we succeed in the effective range of medicine with text mining, if we extracted theexperimental configuration and analyzed above summarization.
CCL11 (Eotaxin) Induces CCR3-Dependent Smooth Muscle Cell Migration (2004)

These data demonstrate that SMCs possess CCR3 under conditions associated with migration and that CCL11 is a potent chemotactic factor for SMCs. Because CCL11 is expressed abundantly in SMC-rich areas of the atherosclerotic plaque and in injured arteries, it may play an important role in regulating SMC migration.
The effects of the human body on UWB signal propagation in an indoor environment (2002)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems are investigated for their ability to operate in dense multipath environments. While a great deal of time and effort has been spent characterizing both the indoor and outdoor UWB channels, the effects of human body interaction with a close proximity UWB antenna remains unexplored. Measurements of a commercially available UWB antenna performance in an anechoic chamber and in various indoor multipath environments were conducted. Comparisons of these measurement results indicate that while the human body creates a deep null (23.6 dB) in a light multipath environment, this null is drastically reduced (6.8 dB) in a dense multipath environment.
Red blood cell age and potentiation of transfusion‐related pathology in trauma patients (2011)

The specific negative clinical manifestations associated with the transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs) and the corresponding mechanisms responsible for such phenomena remain poorly defined. Our recent studies document that leukoreduced older RBC units potentiate transfusion-related toxicity in trauma patients. It is our hypothesis that the transfusion of relatively older blood impedes microvascular perfusion. The central mechanisms proposed to mediate this microcirculatory alteration include: 1) the loss of RBC-dependent control of nitric oxide-mediated homeostasis concerning vasodilation and 2) immune cell and complement activation. In this review, we outline the background for our hypothesis and detail our current investigations toward the understanding of this pathophysiology.
Differential Utilization of Proteins in Saliva from Caries-active and Caries-free Subjects as Growth Substrates by Plaque-forming Streptococci (1979)

Mixed or parotid saliva from caries-active individuals consistently supported better growth of Streptococcus mutans (type c) than that from caries-free individuals. Electrophoretic studies revealed that certain proteins in caries-active salivas were susceptible to microbial attack, but similar proteins in caries-free salivas were refractory.
Results with Navigated Bicontact Total Hip Arthroplasty (2005)

The position of the cup is crucial for the overall quality of a total hip arthroplasty. A malpositioning of the cup leads to increased risk of dislocation, wear, and revision. The position of the stem influences leg length and may cause impingement and dislocation. These faults may increase with minimally invasive procedures. From November 2001 to June 2005, 1081 consecutive THA patients were evaluated. Cup navigation resulted in a better alignment and additional improvement when the cup and stem were navigated. In stem navigation, a good control of the leg lengthening and a reliable prediction of the safe range of motion could be seen.
Assignment of disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. (1980)

The alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was partially reduced and S-alkylated with [2-14C]iodoacetic acid. The resulting derivative in which on the average 1.6 residues of cystine were modified was completely reduced and S-alkylated. The S-[14C]-carboxymethylated hCG-alpha was then subjected to hydrolysis with trypsin and the hydrolysate was fractionated by gel filtration. The radioactive fractions were further purified by high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 4.7 to yield tryptic peptides, alpha T-1, alpha T-8, and alpha T-11a, containing 5, 2, and 3 S-carboxymethyl cysteinyl residues, respectively. These peptides were further fragmented by a variety of cleavage reagents such as cyanogen bromide, chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus protease, subtilisin, and cathepsin C to isolate individual S-[14C]carboxymethylcysteine-containing peptides. After ensuring their purity, the specific radioactivity of each S-[14C]carboxymethylcysteine was determined following its isolation from the acid hydrolysate of the peptide by high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 4.7. The 2 S-[14C]carboxymethylcysteine residues with identical specific radioactivity yielded the precise location of the disulfide bridge in the polypeptide chain. Thus, all five disulfide bonds in hCG-alpha were assigned and are located at positions 7 and 31, 10 and 32, 28 and 60, 59 and 87, and 82 and 84.
Conjugate Vaccines against Group B<i>Streptococcus</i>Types IV and VII (2002)

Although rarely encountered, group B Streptococcus (GBS) types IV and VII have been isolated from infants and adults with invasive disease. This study was designed to determine the immunogenicity and efficacy in animals of conjugate vaccines prepared with GBS types IV and VII capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Despite the striking similarities in structure of these 2 carbohydrate antigens, high-titer rabbit antiserum to each conjugate vaccine was serotype specific. Active vaccination of female mice with the conjugate vaccines induced type-specific IgG and resulted in survival of >90% of newborn pups challenged with viable GBS of homologous serotype. If needed, types IV and VII CPS conjugate vaccines of the design described can be added to the formulation of a multivalent GBS vaccine.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Oxopyridinium Betaine Cycloaddition—Palladium Catalyzed Cyclization—Anion Capture Processes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the United States (2007)

Serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with important cardiovascular disease risk factors in US adults. Prospective studies to assess a direct benefit of cholecalciferol (vitamin D) supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors are warranted.
Wideband THz communication channel measurements for 5G indoor wireless networks (2016)

The emerging technology Terahertz Band (0.3-10 THz) communication is envisioned to accommodate high speed wireless communication. Large bandwidth makes it a good candidate for 5G mobile networks. In this paper, fundamental experiments on channel modeling at THz Band are presented with detailed analysis of the setup. The measurement setup consisted of subharmonic mixer and vector network analyzer. Path loss and phase delay measurements from 260 GHz to 400 GHz for different distances, angles of arrival and objects acting as reflectors were examined along with their capacity limits. We have shown that LOS link can reach speeds of terabits per second. In addition, reflections from materials were also examined and results indicated that, in case of signal obstruction, a reflector can be used for establishing NLOS link.
Structural and Functional Characterization of OmpF Porin Mutants Selected for Larger Pore Size (1996)

The effects on the channel characteristics of four single amino acid substitutions in OmpF porin and of a deletion mutant in the constriction loop L3 have been studied. These mutations are all located in the narrow section of the channel of the protein that forms pores across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. The single channel conductance of the deletion mutant (Delta109-114) is decreased by one third, whereas the point mutations do not exhibit significant deviations from that of the wild-type protein. The mutants exhibit drastic changes in ion selectivities. In the wild-type protein, the critical threshold potential (Vc), above which channels close reversibly, exhibits a strong pH dependence, with a titration point of approximately pH 7.7, which is abolished in all mutants studied here. Diffusion of six monosaccharides is little affected in the point mutants, while four disaccharides are taken up at highly increased rates by the deletion mutant. The functional results, presented here, are correlated to the x-ray structures of the mutants (Lou, K.-L., Saint, N., Prilipov, A., Rummel, G., Benson, S.A., Rosenbusch, J.P., and Schirmer, T. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20669-20675). In most, but not all, cases, the structural changes explain the functional alterations observed.
Digital ultrafast carrier recovery for interactive transmission systems (1996)

An ultrafast, all-digital method for phase synchronization and coherent carrier recovery is presented for time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) burst data communication systems. A new adaptive phase tracking (APT) method, presented and analyzed in this paper, uses a hard-limited IF signal in a feed forward configuration for carrier phase detection and recovery. A novel new technique of phase window filtering is presented as a means to combat noise induced phase errors, and improved the performance of a digital controlled phase shift oscillator by 7 dB. Experimental measurements show APT provides robust bit error rate (BER) performance within 1 dB of the theoretical binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) and tenths of dBs of an ideal hard wired clock. APT achieves acquisition within one- to four-bits-5 to 10 times faster than present requirements. A low power, low cost single chip fast carrier synchronization and demodulation solution for QPSK, GMSK and GSM compatible OQPSK and Feher's quadrature phase shift keyed (FQPSK) and binary phase shift keyed (FBPSK) systems are also presented.
Click‐to‐Release from <i>trans</i>‐Cyclooctenes: Mechanistic Insights and Expansion of Scope from Established Carbamate to Remarkable Ether Cleavage (2018)

The bioorthogonal cleavage of allylic carbamates from trans-cyclooctene (TCO) upon reaction with tetrazine is widely used to release amines. We disclose herein that this reaction can also cleave TCO esters, carbonates, and surprisingly, ethers. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the elimination is mainly governed by the formation of the rapidly eliminating 1,4-dihydropyridazine tautomer, and less by the nature of the leaving group. In contrast to the widely used p-aminobenzyloxy linker, which affords cleavage of aromatic but not of aliphatic ethers, the aromatic, benzylic, and aliphatic TCO ethers were cleaved as efficiently as the carbamate, carbonate, and esters. Bioorthogonal ether release was demonstrated by the rapid uncaging of TCO-masked tyrosine in serum, followed by oxidation by tyrosinase. Finally, tyrosine uncaging was used to chemically control cell growth in tyrosine-free medium.
Untersuchungen über cyclische Azomethinderivate. (440. mitteilung über makromolekulare verbindungen) (1957)

Abstract Bei der Darstellung von Hexahydrotriazinderivaten wurden im Falle des trimeren Methylenanilins, des trimeren Methylen‐p‐chloranilins und des trimeren Methylen‐p‐bromanilins je zwei geometrisch isomere Formen isoliert. Umlagerungsbedingungen für die Isomeren werden beschrieben. Von N‐alkylierten Hexahydrotriazinen und trimeren Formaldoximderivaten konnten keine isomeren Formen gefunden werden. Durch Umsetzung mit Diphenylketen und Isolierung des resultierenden β‐Lactams wurde nachgewiesen, daß bei thermischer Aufspaltung des 1,3,5‐Triphenyl‐hexahydrotriazins monomeres Methylenanilin entsteht. Makromolekulare Polymerisationsprodukte des Methylenanilins und entsprechende Copolymerisate mit Vinylverbindungen konnten nicht dargestellt werden.
Direct Fabrication of Large Micropatterned Single Crystals (2003)

Micropatterning of single crystals for technological applications is a complex, multistep process. Nature provides alternative fabrication strategies, when crystals with exquisite micro-ornamentation directly develop within preorganized frameworks. We report a bio-inspired approach to growing large micropatterned single crystals. Micropatterned templates organically modified to induce the formation of metastable amorphous calcium carbonate were imprinted with calcite nucleation sites. The template-directed deposition and crystallization of the amorphous phase resulted in the fabrication of millimeter-sized single calcite crystals with sub-10-micron patterns and controlled crystallographic orientation. We suggest that in addition to regulating the shape, micropatterned frameworks act as sites for stress and impurity release during the amorphous-to-crystalline transition. The proposed mechanisms may have direct biological relevance and broad implications in materials synthesis.
Growth and photosynthesis of Upland and Pima cotton: response to drought and heat stress (2015)

The effects of drought and heat stress on physiology of two common cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Upland) and G. barbadense L. (Pima) were investigated in this study. Four consecutive 28-day pot experiments were carried out in a fully controlled growth chamber under four temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40Â°C), while two water treatments (well-watered and drought) were imposed for 10 days to both cotton species. Growth according to dry matter accumulation of G. barbadense was more limited by sole drought conditions (50%), whereas heat stress was more remarkable on growth of G. hirsutum (64%). Chlorophyll (Chl) a and b content were more temperature-sensitive in G. hirsutum than G. barbadense under well-watered conditions. The most noticeable decrease in drought-induced rates of photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) were recorded under 35Â°C, although genotypic variation was found under 25Â°C. Higher water use efficiency was associated with higher temperature. Relative decrease in Chl a content, gs and maximal quantum efficiency of PSII exhibited by both species were distinctive physiological traits for heat and drought tolerance.
The determination of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and metabolic intermediates in picomole amounts with bacterial luciferase (1980)

Methods that use bacterial luciferase for the assay of NADH in the range from 1 pmol to 1 nmol are described. Optimal conditions for the assay of glycolytic intermediates, tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates and related amino acids from milligram amounts of tissue are presented. The whole spectrum of these intermediates can be determined on about 10 mg of liver tissue. The methods are simple, are suitable for routine use, and the instrumentation is inexpensive. The concentrations of glycolytic intermediates in rat livers were determined by conventional spectrometric methods and with luciferase, and the results found to be in good agreement.
Effect of Lamina Thickness on First Ply Failure in Multidirectionally Laminated Composites (2004)

Carbon fiber tows are generally used for the reinforcement of plastics. Recently, we have developed a method in which tow can be efficiently spread without causing any fiber damage (FUKUI method). By using this method, we prepared thin laminas about 0.05 mm in thickness, and produced quasi-isotropic laminates by stacking these laminas. Furthermore, we obtained the laminas having an arbitrary thickness by stacking the laminas with the same unidirectional prepregs. In this work, the effects of the lamina thickness on the first ply failure occurred in multidirectionally laminated composites have been studied. Tensile tests were performed on the samples and also acoustic emission was monitored during the tests. It is found that the initial failure stress increases with decreasing lamina thickness. This result can be predicted by Kageyama's study.
Environmental effects on poly‐<i>p</i>‐phenylenebenzobisoxazole fibers. I. Mechanisms of degradation (2006)

Abstract This is the first of a two‐part series investigating the degradation mechanisms of PBO fiber and approaches to alleviating degradation and improving fiber properties. Poly‐ p ‐phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber is a high strength and modulus fiber with remarkable thermal stability. Recent in‐service failures of this fiber have revealed that the fiber degrades rapidly in relatively mild environmental conditions of moisture and heat. In this work the mechanisms of degradation due to moisture, the presence of acid, and the effect of radiation from the UV–vis spectrum are investigated. It is found that exposure to moisture results in the loosening of the fiber morphology leading to an increase in the number and size of defects. The presence of aqueous acid causes both loosening of the fiber structure and hydrolysis of the oxazole ring structure. The effect of UV–vis radiation is primarily hydrolysis of the material near the fiber surface with attendant formation of amide linkages. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3517–3525, 2006