gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropy production and Lyapunov instability at the onset of turbulent convection (1998)

Computer simulations of a compressible fluid, convecting heat in two dimensions, suggest that, within a range of Rayleigh numbers, two distinctly different, but stable, time-dependent flow morphologies are possible. The simpler of the flows has two characteristic frequencies: the rotation frequency of the convecting rolls, and the vertical oscillation frequency of the rolls. Observables, such as the heat flux, have a simple-periodic (harmonic) time dependence. The more complex flow has at least one additional characteristic frequency---the horizontal frequency of the cold, downward- and the warm, upward-flowing plumes. Observables of this latter flow have a broadband frequency distribution. The two flow morphologies, at the same Rayleigh number, have different rates of entropy production and different Lyapunov exponents. The simpler ``harmonic'' flow transports more heat (produces entropy at a greater rate), whereas the more complex ``chaotic'' flow has a larger maximum Lyapunov exponent (corresponding to a larger rate of phase-space information loss). A linear combination of these two rates is invariant for the two flow morphologies over the entire range of Rayleigh numbers for which the flows coexist, suggesting a relation between the two rates near the onset of convective turbulence.
A simple and fast scheduler for input queued ATM switches (2002)

Many 'output scheduling' algorithms have been proposed for improving the performance of input-queued asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches, whereby cells from different random-access input queues destined for the same output can be scheduled for non-conflicting transmissions. An optimal output scheduling algorithm, with full coordination of transmission to all outputs, can approach the performance of output queueing. Because of the complexity of such an optimal scheduler, the output schedulers proposed in the literature are without such coordination. We propose a simple way to incorporate such a full coordination in output scheduling with very simple hardware. The throughput of the input queuing switch thus approaches that of the output queueing switch, without speed-up, input/ouput grouping or complicated hardware. To make the output scheduling algorithm fast enough, we incorporate parallelism and pipelining. We perform a detailed simulation study of the performance of the input queueing switch with the proposed scheduling algorithm.
Development of Information Collecting System using a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (2008)

This paper presents the disaster prevention and mitigation system using a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) . Immediate assessments of damage information and continuous collection of information for constructing a revival plan are important for damage mitigation when natural disasters such as huge earthquakes occur. In this study, we divide the period that follows a natural disaster on the basis of three processes, and propose the use of the small UAV for gathering information in such situations. The field experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed system employing the small UAV. From the results of our experiments, it can be concluded that the small UAV system is effective for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Rate Region of Gaussian Multiple Description Coding With Individual and Central Distortion Constraints (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The rate region of Gaussian multiple description coding with individual and central distortion constraints is completely characterized. Specifically, a lower bound and an upper bound are derived for each supporting hyperplane of the rate region, where the lower bound is associated with a max-min game while the upper bound is associated with a min-max game; furthermore, it is shown that these two bounds coincide due to the existence of a saddle point. </para>
Isolation from soil and properties of the extreme thermophile Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum (1979)

Thirteen strains of a strict anaerobic, extreme thermophilic bacterium were isolated from soil samples of moderate temperature, from a sewage plant in Georgia, and from hot springs in Utah and Wyoming. They were identified as strains of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. The guanosine + cytosine content (moles percent) was 37.6 (determined by buoyant density) and 34.1 (determined by melting temperature). All strains required a factor present in yeast extract or tryptone growth. Growth characteristics were as follows: a pH range of 5 to 9, with the optimum between 6.9 to 7.5, in a temperature range of 40 to 78 degrees C, with the optimum at 68 degrees C. The doubling time, when grown on glucose at temperature and pH optima, was 1.2 h. The main products of glucose fermentation were ethanol, lactate, acetate, CO2, and H2. The fermentation was inhibited by H2. Formation of spores occurred easily on glucose-agar medium or when cultures growing at temperatures above 65 degrees C were allowed to cool to temperature below 55 degrees C. C. thermohydrosulfuricum occurs widely distributed in the natural environment.
The Reaction of Arylamines with Diethyl Thionothiodiformate (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Arylamines with Diethyl ThionothiodiformateRalph SayreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 14, 3647–3649Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01134a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01134a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeted use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in cytospin preparations (2010)

FISH performed on cytospin preparations was useful for confirmation of specific subclasses of NHL and may also provide valuable prognostic information. Cytogenetic abnormalities other than specific translocations were frequently found and could provide supportive evidence for a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma in FNA.
Motion Planning Networks (2019)

Fast and efficient motion planning algorithms are crucial for many state-of-the-art robotics applications such as self-driving cars. Existing motion planning methods become ineffective as their computational complexity increases exponentially with the dimensionality of the motion planning problem. To address this issue, we present Motion Planning Networks (MPNet), a neural network-based novel planning algorithm. The proposed method encodes the given workspaces directly from a point cloud measurement and generates the end-to-end collision-free paths for the given start and goal configurations. We evaluate MPNet on various 2D and 3D environments including the planning of a 7 DOF Baxter robot manipulator. The results show that MPNet is not only consistently computationally efficient in all environments but also generalizes to completely unseen environments. The results also show that the computation time of MPNet consistently remains less than 1 second in all presented experiments, which is significantly lower than existing state-of-the-art motion planning algorithms.
Use of deuterium–hydrogen exchange to characterize the fragmentation pathways of arteether and its metabolites in a thermospray mass spectrometer (1993)

Abstract Whereas the thermospray mass spectra of most compounds consist of only the pseudo‐molecular ion with little fragmentation, the thermospray mass spectra of arteether (a cyclic endoperoxide) and its metabolites are relatively complex. Assignments of structures to individual fragments from normal spectra was particularly ambiguous because of uncertainties as to which fragments arose from ammonium ion or methanol adducts. In this study, these assignments could be resolved through the comparison of the regular spectrum with the deuterium‐exchange spectrum (in an ND 4 O 2 CCH 3 –CD 3 OD–D 2 O mobile phase) achieved using ‘sandwiched slug’ injection technique. The mass spectra of arteether and four of its metabolites all showed [M + ND 4 ] + pseudo‐molecular ions with greater than 91% H/D exchange, indicating a high efficiency with a minimal use of deuterated mobile phase. Most fragments showed H/D exchange rates in the 70–90% range and the isotope shift of individual spectral lines (Δ M ) was found to be extremely useful in determining the structure of the fragment.
An Efficient Architecture for Trust Management in IoE Based Systems of Systems (2018)

Internet of Every things (IoE) is a network that integrates a variety of heterogeneous nodes, such as connected portable devices, connected cars, smart home appliances, humans, etc. to Internet. The constituents of IoE are heterogeneous, distributed by nature and also autonomous in most of cases, which meet the criteria of what we call Systems of Systems (SoS). These smart objects communicate and collaborate between each other in dynamic environments which are subject to several security attacks. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical based blockchain trust management architecture with mobility support in highly distributed IoE based Systems of Systems. This architecture deals efficiently with scalability issues. It allows smart objects to disseminate the trustworthiness of the service providers they interact with them to the blockchain. This later makes the access to this information possible from anywhere and ensures a global view of trustworthiness information. Thanks to the blockchain technology, our architecture outperforms the existing trust management solutions especially in terms of scalability and mobility support.
Effects of 17‐hydroxywortmannin on serine/threonine‐protein kinases in human blood platelets (1991)

Protein kinases are involved in signal transduction in human blood platelets. A number of renaturable protein kinases have increased in vitro activities compared to controls due to covalent modifications when intact platelets are activated by thrombin. The effect of the platelet inhibitor 17-hydroxywortmannin (HWT) on these protein kinases was investigated in intact platelets and in vitro. HWT inhibits the increase in activity of these protein kinases but it does not interact directly with their catalytic subunits. We conclude that HWT blocks a step in signal transduction which is necessary to activate these protein kinases via covalent modifications.
Photoinduced Ultrafast Dynamics of Coumarin 343 Sensitized p-Type-Nanostructured NiO Films (2005)

Photoinduced electron transfer from the valence band of nanocrystalline NiO, a p-type semiconductor, to an excited bound dye, coumarin 343, and the subsequent recombination have been measured by femtosecond transient absorbance spectroscopy probing with white light. It was found that both processes are nonexponential. The photoinduced electron transfer from the semiconductor to the excited bound dye has an ultrafast component (approximately 200 fs), which is comparable to the time constants measured for photoinduced electron injection in C343-TiO2 colloid solutions. The process is very efficient and constitutes the main path of deactivation of the excited dye. Back electron transfer is also remarkably fast, with the main part of the recombination process happening with a time constant of approximately 20 ps. Dye-sensitized nanostructured p-type semiconductors are attractive materials due to their potential use as photocathodes in dye-sensitized solar cells and solid electrolytes in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the photoinduced electron-transfer kinetics of a sensitized p-type semiconductor has been studied.
Reactivity and Ionization of the Active Site Cysteine Residues of DsbA, a Protein Required for Disulfide Bond Formation in vivo (1994)

DsbA is a periplasmic protein of Escherichia coli that appears to be the immediate donor of disulfide bonds to proteins that are secreted. Its active site contains one accessible and one buried cysteine residue, Cys30 and Cys33, respectively, which can form a very unstable disulfide bond between them that is 10(3)-fold more reactive toward thiol groups than normal. The two cysteine residues have normal properties when in a short peptide. In DsbA, the Cys30 thiol group is shown to be reactive toward alkylating reagents down to pH 4 and to be fully ionized, on the basis of the UV absorbance of the thiolate anion at 240 nm. Its reactivity is altered by another, unknown group on the reduced protein titrating with a pKa of about 6.7. The other cysteine residue is buried and unreactive and has a high pKa value. The ionization properties of the DsbA thiol groups can explain, at least partly, the high reactivity of its disulfide bonds and thiol groups at both neutral and acidic pH values.
Oxacillin‐hydrolysing β‐lactamases (1989)

We have extended the sequence of the OXA-2 beta-lactamase which together with S1 mapping has enabled us to identify the promoter site for this gene. This lies in a region that is found upstream from a variety of resistance genes on different plasmids; each gene appears to have been inserted at the same specific site and to be expressed from the same promoter. The ancestral plasmid thus appears to function as a natural expression vector. The sequence of the recombination site at the 5' end of the OXA-2 gene shows a marked similarity with the attP sequence of lambda. DNA-probe analysis confirmed that the OXA-2 and OXA-3 beta-lactamases are related, and indicated no similarity with other beta-lactamase genes. However, a comparison of amino acid sequences demonstrates that the OXA-2, OXA-1 and PSE-2 beta-lactamases show some similarities to the typical class A enzymes, especially in the central helical domain of the latter, which is largely responsible for forming the active site of the enzyme. The three oxacillinases also show marked amino acid sequence similarity with the product of a regulatory gene, blaR1, required for beta-lactamase induction in Bacillus licheniformis.
Combined Use of Rosiglitazone and Fenofibrate in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels are responsible for much of the insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. To lower plasma FFA levels effectively and long term, we have treated eight obese patients with type 2 diabetes for 2 months with placebo followed by 2 months of treatment with a combination of rosiglitazone (RGZ) (8 mg/day) and fenofibrate (FFB) (160 mg/day) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study design. Compared with placebo, RGZ/FFB lowered mean 24-h plasma FFA levels 30% (P < 0.03) and mean 24-h glucose levels 23% (P < 0.03) and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (glucose rate of disappearance [G(R)(d)], determined using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp) 442% (P < 0.01), oral glucose tolerance (area under the curve for 3-h oral glucose tolerance test) 28% (P < 0.05), and plasma adiponectin levels 218% (P < 0.01). These RGZ/FFB results were compared with results obtained in five patients treated with RGZ alone. RGZ/FFB prevented the fluid retention usually associated with RGZ (-1.6 vs. 5.6%, P < 0.05), lowered fasting plasma FFA more effectively than RGZ alone (-22 vs. 5%, P < 0.05), and tended to be more effective than RGZ alone in lowering A1C (-0.9 vs. -0.4%) and triglyceride levels (-38 vs. -5%) and increasing G(Rd) (442 vs. 330%). We conclude that RGZ/FFB is a promising new therapy for type 2 diabetes that lowers plasma FFA more than RGZ alone and in contrast to RGZ does not cause water retention and weight gain.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF C‐PHOSPHORYLATED CARBAMATES AND STUDY OF THEIR PESTICIDAL ACTIVITY (1985)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Isocyanate (I) mit den Aldehyden (II) in protischen Lösungsmitteln führt über nicht isolierte Zwischenstufen zu den Carbamaten (III).
Experiments on RF Band Communications Using Chaos (1997)

This paper presents experimental results of wire-line and wireless analog information transmission in RF band via chaos using standard signal formation and reception methods.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulates proliferation of human endothelial cells. (1990)

The effects of the vasoactive perivascular neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A (NKA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on proliferation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. CGRP was shown to increase both cell number and DNA synthesis, whereas NKA, NPY, and VIP were ineffective. 125I-labeled CGRP was shown to bind to HUVECs and this binding was displaced by addition of unlabeled CGRP, suggesting the existence of specific CGRP receptors. The effect of CGRP on formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and inositol phosphates (InsP), two intracellular messengers known to be involved in regulation of cell proliferation, was investigated. CGRP stimulated cAMP formation but was without effect on the formation of InsP. Proliferation, as well as cAMP formation, was also stimulated by cholera toxin. Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulated growth without affecting cAMP or InsP formation, whereas thrombin, which increased InsP formation, did not stimulate proliferation. We thus suggest that CGRP may act as a local factor stimulating proliferation of endothelial cells; that the mechanism of action is associated with cAMP formation; and that this effect of CGRP may be important for formation of new vessels during physiological and pathophysiological events such as ischemia, inflammation, and wound healing.
Health risk assessment of rare earth elements in cereals from mining area in Shandong, China (2017)

To investigate the concentrations of rare earth elements in cereals and assess human health risk through cereal consumption, a total of 327 cereal samples were collected from rare earth mining area and control area in Shandong, China. The contents of 14 rare earth elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The medians of total rare earth elements in cereals from mining and control areas were 74.22 μg/kg and 47.83 μg/kg, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The wheat had the highest rare earth elements concentrations (109.39 μg/kg and 77.96 μg/kg for mining and control areas, respectively) and maize had the lowest rare earth elements concentrations (42.88 μg/kg and 30.25 μg/kg for mining and control areas, respectively). The rare earth elements distribution patterns for both areas were characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements. The health risk assessment demonstrated that the estimated daily intakes of rare earth elements through cereal consumption were considerably lower than the acceptable daily intake (70 μg/kg bw). The damage to adults can be neglected, but more attention should be paid to the effects of continuous exposure to rare earth elements on children.
OUTPATIENT TRANSURETHRAL BALLOON URETHROPLASTY (1991)

Transurethral balloon dilatation was performed on 6 patients, who were assessed pre‐ and post‐procedure on symptomatic and urodynamic criteria. Follow‐up was on average 11.7 months. Only 1 patient had a successful result, despite early initial improvement in five. In view of our results and reports from other centres we cannot recommend transurethral balloon dilatation of the prostate as treatment in patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy, except in exceptional circumstances.
A Multiband Compact Reconfigurable PIFA Based on Nested Slots (2018)

This letter presents a new planar inverted-F antenna design that is dedicated for integration within mobile devices such as phones and tablets. The proposed antenna structure is based on nested capacitive slots in order to achieve a multiband behavior. The presented antenna is also reduced in size by 60%. The antenna is then reconfigured using positive-intrinsic-negative (p-i-n) diodes that are embedded within the antenna structure. Frequency reconfiguration is achieved to ensure that all the various commercial and required bands of interest are covered. Two prototypes are fabricated and measured where good agreement is noticed between the simulated and measured data.
Intracellular macrophage uptake of rifampicin loaded mannosylated dendrimers (2006)

The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of mannosylated dendritic architecture for the selective delivery of an anti-tuberculosis drug, rifampicin (RIF) to alveolar macrophages (AM). The mannosylated dendritic architecture was synthesized and characterized by using IR and NMR spectroscopy. RIF was efficiently loaded into mannosylated dendrimer using dissolution method. Various physicochemical and physiological parameters such as UV, SEM, DSC, drug loading, solubilization, pH dependent in-vitro release, hemolytic toxicity, phagocytic AM uptake and cytotoxicity concerning the mannosylated dendrimer were evaluated. RIF loaded mannosylated dendrimer reduced release rate of drug in pH 7.4, hemolytic toxicity and cytotoxicity; whereas enhanced drug release in pH 5.0 and AM uptake was observed. The present novel dendritic system displayed suitability in terms of biocompatibility and site-specific delivery of antitubercular drug RIF.
Local volume reconstruction from width-truncated cone-beam projections by convolution backprojection (2008)

Cone-beam computed tomography can reproduce a digital volume for an object that can be completely put inside the scan field of view (SFOV). In practice, the detector may not be wide enough to receive the projection, or the incident beam aperture may be confined to part of the object being scanning. Such cases cause width-truncated projections. With a dataset of width-truncated cone-beam projections, we can reconstruct a local volume in the object domain by using a convolution backprojection method. For the width-truncated projections, when the projection width is wider than the kernel length, we find that there exists, at the center of the object domain, a small region that can be tomographically reconstructed just as well as if there had been no truncation. Given the reconstruction kernel length, we propose a simple boundary extension technique to augment the SFOV, i.e., padding the truncated portions beyond the boundary. A continuous extrapolation beyond the boundary can effectively reduce the Gibbs effect, thereby enabling the reconstruction of a subvolume encompassing the SFOV. We demonstrate convolution-backprojection-based local cone-beam tomography by a breast phantom experiment, where the cone-beam projection is truncated by adjusting the x-ray collimator.