gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Folding of the Fab fragment within the intact antibody (1997)

At present it is not clear to which extent the Fab fragment and the Fc part of an antibody interact in the intact immunoglobulin structure. To determine such potential interactions the unfolding and refolding of an isolated Fab fragment and the respective antibody MAK 33 (kappa/IgG1) are compared. It could be shown that the proline independent renaturation kinetics of both an unfolding intermediate and the fully denatured form of both proteins are identical. Upon denaturation, the loss of antigen binding activity occurs with the same rate for both the Fab fragment and the intact antibody. However, the complete structural unfolding of the Fab part of the antibody is significantly slower than that of the isolated Fab fragment. These kinetic data suggest that the structure of the Fab fragment within the intact antibody is stabilized by interactions, presumably with the Fc part, missing in the isolated Fab.
Hierarchical distribution of video with dynamic port allocation (1991)

A two-level distribution network for broadcast and interactive video is studied as an example of the hierarchical distribution method. This two-level design has the following advantages: it facilitates switch growth and enhances switch reliability; it reduces the overall circuit mileage of the video distribution system; and video requests can be processed independently by local switches, rendering a large call processor at the central switch unnecessary. A traffic model for this network is formulated and the optimum capacities of the central and local switches are determined for a given blocking requirement. By adding a small crosspoint switch between the two levels, the output ports of the central switch can be dynamically allocated to the local switches. This sharing of output ports can significantly reduce the size of the central switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards an Integrated-Photonics Optical-Frequency Synthesizer With <1 Hz Residual Frequency Noise (2017)

We introduce an architecture for optical-frequency synthesis using photonic-chip frequency combs and a heterogeneously integrated CW laser. The Kerr dual-comb that we describe offers a microwave-optical link to discipline the laser to an RF clock.
A layered structure for uniform version management in component based systems (2009)

The prerequisite of component-based systems is to manage the life-cycle evolution of software components. As there are multiple versions of constituent components, a need exists to keep track of them. Various version control systems, either in the form of open-source or commercial, are available in the market to maintain the evolution history of multiple versions of constituent components with respect to component-based applications. This paper dis-cusses the requirements of a version control framework and then presents a generic framework that can handle multiple versions of different types of components. The prototype framework named as Visual Version Control Tool (VVCT), for the management of life-cycle evolution of heterogeneous component systems, is developed and tested using .NET environment. The developed tool satisfies all the conditions required for uniform version management and also becomes the basis for version model, which can be used to control the different revisions or variants of the same component in the evolving system.
THE TEMPORAL PERCEPTION OF MENTHOL<sup>1</sup> (1995)

ABSTRACT Although menthol is a common ingredient in pharmaceutical and food products, its sensory properties have not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the temporal properties of l‐ and d‐menthol. The cooling, burning, and bitterness of two menthol isomers (l‐, d‐) each at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08% (w/v) in aqueous solution were evaluated by 11 trained panelists using time‐intensity methodology. The intensity of all three attributes were evaluated continuously from introduction of the sample into the mouth, through expectoration at 10 s, until the termination of the sensation. The l‐menthol samples had a greater maximum intensity and longer total duration of cooling and burning sensations than the d‐menthol samples. In addition, maximum intensity and total duration of cooling and burn increased with concentration. In contrast, the total duration of the burning sensation was only dependent upon concentration of the l‐isomer. Increasing menthol concentration significantly increased maximum intensity and total duration of bitterness for both isomers.
Joint source channel rate-distortion analysis for adaptive mode selection and rate control in wireless video coding (2002)

We first develop a rate-distortion (R-D) model for DCT-based video coding incorporating the macroblock (MB) intra refreshing rate. For any given bit rate and intra refreshing rate, this model is capable of estimating the corresponding coding distortion even before a video frame is coded. We then present a theoretical analysis of the picture distortion caused by channel errors and the subsequent inter-frame propagation. Based on this analysis, we develop a statistical model to estimate such channel errors induced distortion for different channel conditions and encoder settings. The proposed analytic model mathematically describes the complex behavior of channel errors in a video coding and transmission system. Unlike other experimental approaches for distortion estimation reported in the literature, this analytic model has very low computational complexity and implementation cost, which are highly desirable in wireless video applications. Simulation results show that this model is able to accurately estimate the channel errors induced distortion with a minimum delay in processing. Based on the proposed source coding R-D model and the analytic channel-distortion estimation, we derive an analytic solution for adaptive intra mode selection and joint source-channel rate control under time-varying wireless channel conditions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that this scheme significantly improves the end-to-end video quality in wireless video coding and transmission.
Surface Reconstruction from Fitted Shape Primitives. (2008)

In this paper we address the problem of reconstructing a structurally simple surface representation from point datasets of scanned scenes as they occur for instance in city scanning projects. Such datasets generally suffer from all kinds of scanning artifacts including noise, outliers, holes and irregular/anisotropic sampling. Most common surface reconstruction methods fail due to these shortcomings. We present a robust and efficient method to compute local properties for each data point, use this information to detect simple primitive shapes in the data and describe a novel method to extract and optimize boundary curves on the primitive shapes. Employing the reconstructed boundary curves, we are able to extract a piecewise smooth surface mesh which is mandatory for many further processing applications including visualization. We show the effectiveness of our method with reconstructions of synthetic datasets as well as laserscanner-acquisitions of indoor and outdoor environments.
Image Segmentation with Cascaded Hierarchical Models and Logistic Disjunctive Normal Networks (2013)

Contextual information plays an important role in solving vision problems such as image segmentation. However, extracting contextual information and using it in an effective way remains a difficult problem. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-resolution contextual framework, called cascaded hierarchical model (CHM), which learns contextual information in a hierarchical framework for image segmentation. At each level of the hierarchy, a classifier is trained based on downsampled input images and outputs of previous levels. Our model then incorporates the resulting multi-resolution contextual information into a classifier to segment the input image at original resolution. We repeat this procedure by cascading the hierarchical framework to improve the segmentation accuracy. Multiple classifiers are learned in the CHM; therefore, a fast and accurate classifier is required to make the training tractable. The classifier also needs to be robust against overfitting due to the large number of parameters learned during training. We introduce a novel classification scheme, called logistic disjunctive normal networks (LDNN), which consists of one adaptive layer of feature detectors implemented by logistic sigmoid functions followed by two fixed layers of logical units that compute conjunctions and disjunctions, respectively. We demonstrate that LDNN outperforms state-of-theart classifiers and can be used in the CHM to improve object segmentation performance.
A three‐dimensional fluid‐controlled earthquake model: Behavior and implications (1999)

We describe the behavior of a three‐dimensional, fluid‐controlled fault model that couples the dominant mechanical effects of fluid within a cellular fault zone with shear stress accumulation from constant plate motion applied at the downward continuation of the fault. Improvements from a previous model include long‐term plate motion loading and porosity creation through dilatant slip, which allow the model to evolve to its steady state dynamic equilibrium. The examined results include slip and slip‐deficit accumulation, pore pressure buildup and release, stress states, the emergence of seismic scaling relationships, and frequency‐size statistics of model earthquakes. We find that asperities develop naturally within the model, reflecting the disorganization of the evolving stress state in Mohr space. The dynamical interaction of shear stress and effective normal stress perturbs the initial uniform stress state to a complex state that produces transient asperity development along the fault. These “Mohr‐space” asperities spontaneously evolve, disintegrate, reemerge, and migrate along the fault plane. The general model behavior is independent of the state of the fluid pressure. In four examined cases, which span the range of possible fault zone overpressures, the equilibrium condition is that which occupies all of the available Mohr space. Maximum slip deficits along the fault depend on the degree of fault weakness, ranging from about 3 m for a weak fault to over 30 m for a strong fault after 4000 years of model evolution. For events that breach the surface the seismic moment scales with the cube of the source dimension M o ∼ L 3 , which reflects the slipped area times the depth extent of the rupture. This scaling crosses isolines of stress drop. For confined events, M o ∼ L 2 along isolines of stress drop, but no general scaling emerges. Clusters emerge between stress drop versus seismic moment and stress drop versus source dimension, with large events converging to average stress drops of about 8 MPa for a weak fault and about 20 MPa for a strong fault.
Frictional Cooling Scheme for Use in a Muon Collider (2010)

The Muon Group at the MPI for Physics, Munich is investigating frictional cooling as a fast muon‐beam emittance reduction scheme for a muon collider. A new simulation package, CoolSim, based on Geant4 has been developed for the simulation of low‐energy beam cooling. New physics processes for low energy muons and protons have been implemented in the Geant4 framework. The group’s Frictional Cooling Demonstration experiment aims to verify the principle of the cooling scheme. For this purpose, a 10‐cm‐long cooling cell has been constructed to test simulation of the energy loss and scattering mechanisms at low energy. This paper contains an introduction to a muon‐collider frictional cooling scheme and the status of the demonstration experiment.
Probability Models for Computer Science (2001)

Review of Probability Some Examples Poisson and Compound Poisson Variables Approximations and Processes Markov Chains Queuing Random Algorithms and the Probabilistic Method Martingales Simulation.
Fast support vector machine training and classification on graphics processors (2008)

Recent developments in programmable, highly parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have enabled high performance implementations of machine learning algorithms. We describe a solver for Support Vector Machine training running on a GPU, using the Sequential Minimal Optimization algorithm and an adaptive first and second order working set selection heuristic, which achieves speedups of 9-35x over LIBSVM running on a traditional processor. We also present a GPU-based system for SVM classification which achieves speedups of 81-138x over LIBSVM (5-24x over our own CPU based SVM classifier).
CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN SEVEN RACIAL GROUPS IN SINGAPORE (1960)

The purpose of this communication is to examine the pattern of coronary heart disease over the years 1948 to 1957 inclusive, as seen in the mortuary of the General Hospital at Singapore in 19,415 consecutive autopsies, and to determine whether there are racial differences. The macroscopic data considered relevant were transferred from the post-mortem protocols on to a specially prepared proforma in all those cases in which the principal cause of death was given as coronary heart disease. The series does not include other cases in which coronary heart disease was an incidental finding.
Microwave-hydrothermal preparation of a graphene/hierarchy structure MnO2 composite for a supercapacitor (2014)

Graphene/hierarchy structure manganese dioxide（GN/MnO2） composites were synthesized using a simple microwave-hydrothermal method.The properties of the prepared composites were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） measurements.The electrochemical performances of the composites were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectrometry（EIS）,and chronopotentiometry.The results showed that GN/MnO2（10wt% graphene） displayed a specific capacitance of 244F/gat a current density of 100mA/g.An excellent cyclic stability was obtained with a capacity retention of approximately 94.3% after 500 cycles in a 1 mol/L Li2SO4 solution.The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the hierarchy structure of the manganese dioxide,which can enlarge the interface between the active materials and the electrolyte.The preparation route provides a new approach for hierarchy structure graphene composites;this work could be readily extended to the preparation of other graphene-based composites with different structures for use in energy storage devices.
Transient response of an electrolyte to a thermal quench (2019)

We study the transient response of an electrolytic cell subject to a small, suddenly applied temperature increase at one of its two bounding electrode surfaces. An inhomogeneous temperature profile then develops, causing, via the Soret effect, ionic rearrangements towards a state of polarized ionic charge density q and local salt density c. For the case of equal cationic and anionic diffusivities, we derive analytical approximations to q,c, and the thermovoltage V_{T} for early (t≪τ_{T}) and late (t≫τ_{T}) times as compared to the relaxation time τ_{T} of the temperature. We challenge the conventional wisdom that the typically large Lewis number, the ratio a/D of thermal to ionic diffusivities, of most liquids implies a quickly reached steady-state temperature profile onto which ions relax slowly. Though true for the evolution of c, it turns out that q (and V_{T}) can respond much faster. Particularly when the cell is much bigger than the Debye length, a significant portion of the transient response of the cell falls in the t≪τ_{T} regime, for which our approximated q (corroborated by numerics) exhibits a density wave that has not been discussed before in this context. For electrolytes with unequal ionic diffusivities, V_{T} exhibits a two-step relaxation process, in agreement with experimental data of Bonetti et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244708 (2015)JCPSA60021-960610.1063/1.4923199].
<i>Their lives after</i> : Theatre as testimony and the so-called ‘second generation’ in post-dictatorship Argentina (2013)

In this article, I will examine the play Mi vida después [My Life After], in which six professional actors present and re-enact the stories of their parents’ experiences of state terror in Argentina, as well as their own relationship with that past. In other analyses of this production, authors have turned to Marianne Hirsch’s notion of postmemory in order to examine the generational dimensions of trauma and its remembrance. I will argue against this approach to understanding the experience of the so-called ‘second generation’ in Argentina in general and the ‘hijos de desaparecidos’ [children of disappeared] in particular. Instead, this article aims to show how Mi vida después highlights the need to search for new categories that can account for what this group of former child victims has lived firsthand. In addition, I will suggest that this play could be understood as a collective performance of testimony that relates not to the atrocities committed in the recent past as such, but to how those who were children at the time, whether or not they were physically affected by state violence, deal with the legacy today.
POWER2 floating-point unit: Architecture and implementation (1994)

The POWER2™ floating-point unit (FPU) extends the concept of the innovative multiply-add fused (MAF) ALU of the RISC System/6000® processor to provide a floating-point unit that sets new standards, not only for computation capability but for data throughput and processor flexibility. The POWER2 FPU achieves a performance (MFLOPS) rate never accomplished before by a personal workstation machine by 1) integrating dual generic MAF ALUs, 2) doubling the instruction bandwidth and quadrupling the data bandwidth over that of the POWER FPU, 3) adding support for additional functions, and 4) using dynamic instruction scheduling techniques to maximize instruction-level parallelism not only among its own internal units but with the rest of the CPU.
A 684-mW adaptive supply full-rate ADSL CO driver (2002)

A single 12-V supply ADSL line driver capable of delivering 20.4 dBm into a 100-/spl Omega/ load with a crest factor of 5.3 is described. Additionally, a theoretical power consumption derivation of several classes of amplifiers driving discrete multitone (DMT) waveforms is presented. A prototype of the driver was fabricated in a high-voltage bipolar process and evaluated in both pure analog and system environments. This driver achieves 18 V of ac swing on a single supply of 12 V dc. This is achieved by combining internal circuitry with external Schottky diodes and capacitors to modulate internal supplies to 24 V during high crest factor signal processing. The total power consumption is 672 mW when driving a resistive load and 684 mW when driving 8.16 Mb/s down a 6-kft line at a bit error rate of less than 1 e-07 in a full reference design.
Improved Availability Using I_RRect Algorithm in Cloud Environment (2018)

In our day to day life we are generating a lots of data, which has become a major problem to store those data in a local server or personal computer. In order to resolve this problem, we need many numbers of servers and networking which are more expensive of buying and which creates more complexity. To resolve this problem we are using the method called cloud computing, it provides IT resources as the service to the user over the internet and can use it on the basis of pay per usage. As it is a researching area of computer network technology, many of huge companies are providing the cloud services. According to the financial perspective, migration of data to the cloud remains trending now a days, but there are several other aspects that must be taken in to consideration before it is decided to do, among them the most important problem is security. Cloud computing security refers to the set of polices, technologies and controls over, applications and infrastructure of cloud computing. This paper tells us how to establish the data confidentiality, availability, security and integrity of shared data in multi cloud environment. So while providing the storage for cloud storage the providers repeatedly make sure the data confidentiality, by encrypting the content of the file by using encryption algorithm and certify the data integrity by cross checking the hash values of the file. Despite, when the cloud storage service fails, the availability of the user data cannot be certified and the cloud sharing function of the user data also cannot be supported. To overcome this users have to give full trust in existing schemes to the provider of the cloud storage service. If the provider system get hacked or becomes untrustworthy, the confidentiality of the user data will be exposed. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a scheme for securely storing and sharing data based on the improved proxy re-encryption algorithm in the multi cloud environment. Here the multi cloud storage is constructed to counter the failure of any single cloud, the symmetric encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the user files. The encryption key is accurately distributed with the Shamir's threshold secret sharing scheme by the general RSA algorithm. Finally the improved proxy re-encryption algorithm is advantage to support the sharing of encrypted user data via clouds. The pattern of the design is performed in the java development environment and is assessed under the assumed multi cloud environment. The experimental results of this design shows that, the time cost of the Shamir's secret partitioning process and symmetric encryption process about be negligible if the key size is greater than the 384 bytes, and the improved proxy re-encryption process takes about 1.5 seconds in an average.
Integrated Thermal and Microcoriolis Flow Sensing System with a Dynamic Flow Range of More Than Five Decades (2012)

We have realized a micromachined single chip flow sensing system with an ultra-wide dynamic flow range of more than five decades, from 100 nL/h up to more than 10 mL/h. The system comprises both a thermal and a micro Coriolis flow sensor with partially overlapping flow ranges.
Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1996)

Medications to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia fall into two main categories: α1-adrenergic–antagonist drugs, which relax smooth muscle in the prostate, and drugs that inhibit 5α-reductase, which shrink the prostate by blocking the formation of the chief intracellular androgen, dihydrotestosterone.1 The main question is, Which drug is better, or would a combination of the two work best? In this issue of the Journal, Lepor et al. report the results of a landmark study by the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group that attempts to answer this question.2 The authors found that treatment with terazosin, an α . . .