gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L’impact du commerce international sur l'élasticité-prix de la demande de travail (2002)

Cet article analyse l'impact du commerce international sur l'élasticité-prix de la demande agrégée de travail. L'idée soutenue est qu'une variation du coût du (ou d'une catégorie de) travail modifie la spécialisation sectorielle d'une économie, au détriment des productions domestiques les plus intensives dans ce facteur de production, même lorsque la balance commerciale est supposée équilibrée. Cet effet étant d'autant plus important que l'économie est ouverte aux échanges, l'ouverture commerciale induit une augmentation de l'élasticité-prix de la demande de travail, du moins si l'économie possède un désavantage comparatif dans les secteurs utilisant intensivement le type de travail considéré. Cet argument est illustré par un modèle simple, utilisant l'hypothèse d'Armington, avec une application empirique pour la France.
Patterns of β-Cell Autoantibody Appearance and Genetic Associations During the First Years of Life (2013)

We analyzed demographic and genetic differences between children with various diabetes-associated autoantibodies reflecting the autoimmune process. In a prospective birth cohort comprising children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D), the pattern of autoantibody appearance was analyzed in 520 children with advanced β-cell autoimmunity associated with high risk for disease. In 315 cases, a single biochemical autoantibody could be identified in the first positive sample as insulin (insulin autoantibody [IAA]) in 180, as GAD (GAD antibody [GADA]) in 107, and as IA-2 antigen (IA-2 antibody [IA-2A]) in 28. The age at seroconversion differed significantly between the three groups (P = 0.003). IAA as the first autoantibody showed a peak time of appearance during the second year of life, whereas GADA as the first autoantibody peaked later, between 3 and 5 years of age. The risk-associated insulin gene rs689 A/A genotypes were more frequent in children with IAA as the first autoantibody compared with the other children (P = 0.002). The primary autoantigen in the development of β-cell autoimmunity and T1D seems to strongly correlate with age and genetic factors, indicating heterogeneity in the initiation of the disease process.
Predicting Natural or Induced Fracture Azimuths From Shear-Wave Anisotropy (1998)

Summary Prediction of fracture orientation to determine depletion geometry is a key step in reservoir characterization and development optimization. Wireline crossed-dipole anisotropy logs measure shear-wave velocity anisotropy and provide a relatively inexpensive alternative to tiltmeter surveys and nine-component vertical seismic profiles (9C VSP's) for such predictions. A multiwell study in Cymric oil field, California, was conducted to map the variations in the predicted azimuth of induced fractures in a shallow Miocene siliceous shale reservoir (&gt;500 millions of barrels of oil in place). Results from anisotropy data showed that the azimuths predicted by anisotropy logs and VSP's agreed. The agreement is significant because these two technologies measure very different kinds of seismic waves and have scales of investigation differing by two orders of magnitude. Within the productive zone, the predicted fracture azimuths from anisotropy data differed by about 60° from the regional stress in the NW portion of the Cymric development, while they were approximately aligned with the regional stress in the SE portion. Marked changes in azimuth also occurred as a function of depth across a regional Plio-Miocene (P-M) unconformity. Independent evidence, including observed steam breakthrough, natural fracture azimuths, and curvature analysis, supports the azimuths predicted from anisotropy data. Time-lapse temperature data from observation wells in a pilot steamflood showed anisotropy in horizontal permeability. Microresistivity borehole imaging logs allowed measurements of borehole breakouts and large, open natural fractures. The curvature analysis indicated a NW trending region of high curvature in the NW part of the Cymric structure. The large changes in azimuth with both depth and location in the development area show that regional stress maps are inadequate for planning oilfield development when stress patterns are complex, especially when deviated wells or induced fracturing are planned. Local stress configurations, therefore, must also be determined.
Use of Catalytic Combustion Filaments for Qualitative Gas Chromatography. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Catalytic Combustion Filaments for Qualitative Gas Chromatography.O. F. Folmer, Kang. Yang, and Gerald. PerkinsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 4, 454–459Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60197a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60197a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
O ATLETISMO COMO FERRAMENTA DE CONSCIENTIZACÃO E COMBATE AO TABAGISMO (2015)

A iniciacao precoce ao fumo e um dos maiores desafios do combate ao tabagismo da atualidade. Orgaos de controle do tabaco estao preocupados com os riscos do tabagismo entre jovens, uma vez que a prevalencia entre essa faixa etaria vem crescendo, segundo o relatorio da OMS. Embora medidas antitabagistas atinjam cada vez mais pessoas, o fumo ainda e a principal causa de mortes evitaveis no mundo. Assim o presente estudo tem por objetivo utilizar do atletismo, especificamente a corrida de rua, como ferramenta de conscientizacao e combate ao tabagismo e estimular a melhoria da qualidade de vida por meio das acoes realizadas na XI Maratona de Revezamento Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima Pare de Fumar Correndo. O evento se caracterizou por realizar uma prova de atletismo associada a uma feira de saude, onde diversos servicos foram prestados para a populacao presente no evento. Diante a metodologia utilizada, verificamos que 2496 pessoas, atletas ou nao, participaram da prova de atletismo e, aproximadamente 3 mil pessoas acompanharam o evento. Desta forma, todos tiveram a oportunidade de participar da feira de saude e ainda receber informacoes sobre o tabagismo por meio de material informativo que foi distribuido para todos os participantes. Neste sentido, acreditamos que houve um processo de conscientizacao sobre os maleficios causados pelo tabaco e ainda um estimulo para que os fumantes troquem o habito de fumar pelo habito da pratica de atividades fisicas, neste caso a corrida de rua.
Consortia Actions and Collaborative Achievements: RLG's Preservation Program1 (2005)

RLG is a not-for-profit international alliance of about 160 members, including universities and colleges, national and public research libraries, archives, historical societies, museums, and independent research collections devoted to improving access to information that supports research and learning. Founded in 1974 as the Research Libraries Group by four visionary library directors from Columbia, Harvard and Yale universities and the New York Public Library, the consortium formed to allow research institutions to tackle tough challenges via collaborative action. Key issues were managing the transition from locally self-sufficient and independently comprehensive collections to a system of interdependencies that would preserve and enhance the capacity for research in all fields of knowledge and improving the ability to locate and retrieve relevant research resources (RLG, 1986). At its inception, four activity areas were identified for collaborative action: cooperative bibliographic control and access; effective mechanisms for sharing information and resources among member institutions; expanded and coordinated collection development efforts; and preservation of the collections, either in the original or surrogate format.
Structure, distribution, and expression of an ancient murine endogenous retroviruslike DNA family (1988)

An endogenous retroviruslike DNA, B-26, was cloned from a BALB/c mouse embryo gene library by using a generalized murine leukemia virus DNA probe. Southern blot hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses indicated that B-26 DNA might be a novel member of the GLN DNA family (A. Itin and E. Keshet, J. Virol. 59:301-307, 1986) which contains murine leukemia virus-related pol and env sequences. Northern analysis indicated that B-26-related RNAs of 8.4 and 3.0 kilobases were transcribed in thymus, spleen, brain, and liver tissues of 6-week-old BALB/c mice.
The β-Oxidation Systems of<i>Escherichia coli</i>and<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Are Not Functionally Equivalent (2005)

Based on its genome sequence, the pathway of beta-oxidative fatty acid degradation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 has been thought to be identical to the well-characterized Escherichia coli K-12 system. We report that wild-type strains of S. enterica grow on decanoic acid, whereas wild-type E. coli strains cannot. Mutant strains (carrying fadR) of both organisms in which the genes of fatty acid degradation (fad) are expressed constitutively are readily isolated. The S. enterica fadR strains grow more rapidly than the wild-type strains on decanoic acid and also grow well on octanoic and hexanoic acids (which do not support growth of wild-type strains). By contrast, E. coli fadR strains grow well on decanoic acid but grow only exceedingly slowly on octanoic acid and fail to grow at all on hexanoic acid. The two wild-type organisms also differed in the ability to grow on oleic acid when FadR was overexpressed. Under these superrepression conditions, E. coli failed to grow, whereas S. enterica grew well. Exchange of the wild-type fadR genes between the two organisms showed this to be a property of S. enterica rather than of the FadR proteins per se. This difference in growth was attributed to S. enterica having higher cytosolic levels of the inducing ligands, long-chain acyl coenzyme As (acyl-CoAs). The most striking results were the differences in the compositions of CoA metabolites of strains grown with octanoic acid or oleic acid. S. enterica cleanly converted all of the acid to acetyl-CoA, whereas E. coli accumulated high levels of intermediate-chain-length products. Exchange of homologous genes between the two organisms showed that the S. enterica FadE and FadBA enzymes were responsible for the greater efficiency of beta-oxidation relative to that of E. coli.
Normotonic Cell Shrinkage Induced by Na+ Deprivation Results in Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Epithelial HeLa Cells (2006)

Apoptosis is a major form of cell death that occurs in response to a variety of signals in both physiological and pathological situations. A hallmark of apoptosis is normotonic cell shrinkage, called apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), the process of which involves fluxes of K(+), Cl(-), and Na(+). Na(+) influx was suggested to be required in Fas-induced apoptosis in human Jurkat T cells, whereas Na(+) efflux was found to be associated with AVD and apoptosis in human HL-60 cells. Here we examined the effects of extracellular Na(+) deprivation on cell volume and viability in human epithelial HeLa cells. The incubation of HeLa cells in normotonic Na(+)-free Ringer solution resulted in persistent cell shrinkage after > or = 30 min and reduction in cell viability after > or = 1 h. After exposure to Na(+)-free solution for 5 h, a marked reduction in cell viability was found to be associated with an activation of caspase-3 without showing significant LDH release, indicating that the cells underwent apoptosis but not necrosis. Na(+) deprivation-induced cell shrinkage and apoptotic cell death were significantly inhibited by a blocker of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) or of the reverse-mode operation of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), but not by a blocker of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE). Therefore it is concluded that Na(+) deprivation causes persistent cell shrinkage resulting from Na(+) efflux mainly via NKCC and NCX and thereafter leads to apoptotic death of HeLa cells. It is also suggested that normotonic cell shrinkage per se, if persistent, provides a sufficient condition for apoptosis induction.
Disposition of Ingested Olestra in the Fischer 344 Rat (1995)

Four studies were conducted in the Fischer 344 rat to determine the disposition of orally gavaged olestra. Twenty-four rats were used for each study. Three olestra samples, differing in the degree of saturation of the fatty acid chains, were tested; one sample was heated to simulate olestra's intended use in preparing fried foods. In addition, a sucrose polyester (SPE) sample containing 28% short-chain penta- and lower polyesters was tested. All test samples were uniformly labeled with 14C in the sucrose moiety. Urine, feces, and CO2 were continuously collected and counted. Urine also was analyzed for [14C]sucrose by HPLC. If olestra were absorbed and systemically metabolized, [14C]sucrose would be excreted in the urine. Rats were killed 1, 3, 7, and 21 days after dosing, and tissues were collected and counted. Tissue lipids were extracted and analyzed for intact olestra or SPE by HPLC. Less than 0.15% of the dose of 14C was absorbed from the olestra samples, and about 1.3% from the SPE sample. The disposition of the absorbed radiolabel suggested that its source was glucose and fructose resulting from the intestinal hydrolysis of short-chain penta- and lower sucrose polyesters. For rats dosed with olestra, <8 × 10[−4% of the dose of radiolabel was recovered in the olestra-containing fraction of lipids extracted from liver, the target organ for absorbed olestra and no [14C]sucrose was found in urine, indications that olestra essentially was not absorbed. Heating olestra did not change this result. For rats dosed with SPE, 1 × −3% of the dose was recovered in the SPE-containing fraction of liver lipids and <6 × 10−3% was recovered in the sucrose fraction of urine, indications that <7 × 10−3% of the dose of SPE was absorbed. It was concluded that it was the penta- and lower polyesters that were absorbed from the SPE sample.
A novel algorithm of IPv6 network topology discovery for Campus Network (2011)

Aiming at the limitations of existing methods of IPv6 network topology discovery, this article proposes and implements a novel algorithm of an IPv6-based topology discovery system for the next generation Internet. With the combination of network topology information discovered by general protocols and by routing protocols, the system can discover the IPv6 network effectively not only in accuracy and integrality but also in avoiding alias problem. Besides, much subnet information can be discovered by the system. The system has been tested in the real network environment, which showed the effectiveness and feasibility of this solution.
Pharmacokinetics of sodium fusidate after single and repeated infusions and oral administration of a new formulation (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of sodium fusidate were studied in eight healthy volunteers (five males and three females) aged 21 to 33 years (29.1 +/- 1.5), weight 46 to 79 kg (61.6 +/- 4.0 kg). First, the subjects were given 500 mg of sodium fusidate by infusion over two hours; secondly, one month later, the volunteers were given 500 mg of fusidate by infusion every eight hours for three days; thirdly, two 250 mg tablets of a new film coated formulation were administered as a single dose. Plasma concentrations of fusidate were measured by HPLC. Peak plasma concentrations reached at the end of the first and the last infusions were 52 +/- 5 mg/l and 123 +/- 12 mg/l respectively. The following mean pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after single intravenous administration: elimination half-life 10 +/- 1 h, total clearance 22 +/- 2 ml/min and volume of distribution 0.30 +/- 0.04 l/kg. After repeated administration the half-life and the volume of distribution remained unchanged whereas total clearance was halved (11 +/- 1 ml/min). This leads to an experimental accumulation ratio (3.6 +/- 0.2) higher than the theoretical one (1.8 +/- 0.1; P less than 0.01). Consequently, mean trough and peak steady state plasma concentrations (81 +/- 9 and 123 +/- 12 mg/l respectively) are higher than those expected from the single dose kinetics (33 +/- 4 and 76 +/- 7 mg/l respectively). This dose regimen leads to concentrations well above the MIC for most sensitive strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Addition on the Densification of YSZ Electrolytes (2009)

This work investigates the effect of nanosized Al2O3 addition on the sinterability of YSZ electrolyte. (1−x)YSZ + Al2O3 ceramics with compositions x = 0 to 0.01 were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide route from a commercial powder suspension (particle size <50 nm), and sintered at 1200 to 1500°C for 2 hours in air. Densification, phase evolution, and microstructure were characterized by SEM/EDS and XRD. An improvement in sintered density was observed for the samples with 0.2 to 0.5 mol% Al2O3, though depending on the sintering temperature. Only cubic zirconia was detected as crystalline phase, although XRD features suggested chemical interactions depending upon the amount of Al2O3. The grain size of YSZ was homogeneous and no second phase segregation was detected in the tested range of incorporated nano-Al2O3 and sintering temperatures.
New insights on COPD imaging via CT and MRI. (2007)

Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) can be used to quantify morphological features and investigate structure/function relationship in COPD. This approach allows a phenotypical definition of COPD patients, and might improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and suggest new therapeutical options. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also become potentially suitable for the assessment of ventilation, perfusion and respiratory mechanics. This review focuses on the established clinical applications of CT, and novel CT and MRI techniques, which may prove valuable in evaluating the structural and functional damage in COPD.
Drying Oils and Resins. Segregation of Fatty Acids and their Derivatives by Extractive Crystallization with Urea. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrying Oils and Resins. Segregation of Fatty Acids and their Derivatives by Extractive Crystallization with Urea.Herbert Newey, Edward Shokal, Albert Mueller, Theodore Bradley, and Lloyd FetterlyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 12, 2538–2541Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50492a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50492a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Regulation of intestinal NaPi-IIb cotransporter gene expression by estrogen (2003)

The current experiments were designed to study the effect of beta-estradiol on type IIb sodium-coupled phosphate (NaPi-IIb) cotransporter gene expression. Uptake studies with intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) showed that estrogen treatment increased sodium-dependent phosphate absorption by approximately 45% in rat intestine. Northern blot analysis indicated that NaPi-IIb mRNA expression was increased by approximately 50% after estrogen treatment. Western blot analysis also detected an increase in BBMV NaPi-IIb protein expression in estrogen-treated rats. In human intestinal Caco-2 cells, NaPi-IIb mRNA abundance was increased approximately 60% after estrogen treatment, and this increase could be abolished by inhibition of gene transcription. Transfection studies with human NaPi-IIb promoter reporter constructs showed that the promoter was responsive to estrogen treatment. These studies demonstrate for the first time that estrogen stimulates intestinal sodium-dependent phosphate absorption in female rats. This stimulation is associated with increased NaPi-IIb mRNA and protein expression. Thus the effect of estrogen on intestinal Pi absorption may be partially due to activation of NaPi-IIb gene transcription.
Scalable influence maximization for prevalent viral marketing in large-scale social networks (2010)

Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. The scalability of influence maximization is a key factor for enabling prevalent viral marketing in large-scale online social networks. Prior solutions, such as the greedy algorithm of Kempe et al. (2003) and its improvements are slow and not scalable, while other heuristic algorithms do not provide consistently good performance on influence spreads. In this paper, we design a new heuristic algorithm that is easily scalable to millions of nodes and edges in our experiments. Our algorithm has a simple tunable parameter for users to control the balance between the running time and the influence spread of the algorithm. Our results from extensive simulations on several real-world and synthetic networks demonstrate that our algorithm is currently the best scalable solution to the influence maximization problem: (a) our algorithm scales beyond million-sized graphs where the greedy algorithm becomes infeasible, and (b) in all size ranges, our algorithm performs consistently well in influence spread --- it is always among the best algorithms, and in most cases it significantly outperforms all other scalable heuristics to as much as 100%--260% increase in influence spread.