gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Chinese Event Extraction Method Based on HMM and Multi-stage Method (2021)

Abstract The existing Chinese event extraction methods are mostly one-stage methods. Even if there are two-stage methods, the correlation between the stages is not high, the extracted event trigger words and event elements have low matching degree, and there is a class imbalance problem in the training process. This paper proposes a Chinese event extraction method based on HMM and multi-stage method. The first stage of the method recognises the event trigger word positive examples in the text; the second stage classifies the trigger word positive examples recognised in the first stage, determines the event type, and forms the sequence of event trigger words; the third stage matches the event elements, and forms the sequence of event elements, according to the first two stages of event trigger word extraction results. This method effectively alleviates the class imbalance problem in training, improves the matching degree between event trigger words and event elements extraction, and obtains better extraction performance. The accuracy, recall rate and F value of Chinese event extraction are all More than 78%.
Purification with monoclonal antibody of a predominant leukocyte‐common antigen and glycoprotein from rat thymocytes (1979)

A leukocyte-common (L-C) antigen which can be dominant as an immunogen in rabbit anti-rat thoracic duct lymphocyte serum has been purified from rat thymocytes. Initially, an antigenic fragment of 100,000 apparent mol. wt. was prepared at 400 to 900-fold purification by lentil lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration in deoxycholate. Mice were then immunized with this fraction, and a hybrid myeloma cell line secreting antibody to the L-C antigen was prepared by cell fusion. This antibody was used for affinity chromatography and gave pure L-C antigen at 1400-fold purification compared with thymocytes. The L-C antigen is a major membrane glyco-protein of rat thymocytes and has an apparent mol. wt. of 150,000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The antigen constitutes one of the three thymocyte glycoproteins which stain intensely for carbohydrate with periodic acid Schiff stain. It is present on greater than 95% of thymocytes, bone marrow cells and thoracic duct lymphocytes.
The Role of MicroRNA in Chemical Carcinogenesis (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. Alteration of miRNA expression caused by exposure of different carcinogens has been well reported. This review aims to present the miRNAs dysregulated by exposure of different types of carcinogens in different biological systems and to discuss their potential roles in different stages of chemical carcinogenesis, following an introduction of miRNA biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and target identification. Available information shows that expression of a large number of miRNAs is readily changed by exposure of carcinogens in tissue- and chemical-specific manners. Carcinogenic agents generally induce many more changes in miRNA expression than non-carcinogenic chemicals. There are many more changes in cancer-target tissues than in the non-target tissues after acute or chronic exposure to carcinogens. Many of the miRNAs deregulated by carcinogens are involved in regulation of genes that are important for every stage of chemical carcinogenesis, including xenobiotic metabolism, carcinogen-induced hypomethylation, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell proliferation, tumor suppression, cell transformation, oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, tumor progress, mangliant transformation, and other functions. Many miRNAs function as putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The carcinogenic functions of carcinogens may be dependent on the balance between tumor-suppressor miRNAs and oncogenic miRNAs. Thus, the miRNA profiles and miRNAs specific to carcinogen exposure have the potential to be used as biomarkers for identifying genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals and indicating exposure of carcinogens.
Object works interaction model-integrating multiple views (2002)

We present an interaction model for a software development environment that provides consistent multiple views through the use of a drag-and-drop user interface. The multiple views allow the user to examine many details and aspects of the program's elements, while retaining the general context. We have embodied the interaction model in an object-oriented development environment for the professional C++ programmer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Relationship Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Skin Diseases: A Review (2021)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia placing a heavy burden on the healthcare system worldwide. Skin diseases are also one of the most common health problems. Several skin diseases are associated with Alzheimer's disease through different mechanisms. This review summarizes the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and several types of skin diseases, including bullous pemphigoid, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, skin cancer, and cutaneous amyloidosis, and provides suggestions based on these associations. Neurologists, dermatologists, and general practitioners should be aware of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and skin diseases. Dermatology/neurology consultation or referral is necessary when needed.
Comparing Transcoding Tools for Use with a Generic User Interface Format. (2002)

This paper compares the use of three different approaches to transcoding of XML [Extensible Markup Language]-based user interface descriptions to other target formats. The source is the interface section of the XML-based markup language for user interfaces, UIML [User Interface Markup Language], which has been extended with a vocabulary for the description of generic user interfaces. Target formats used as examples for the comparison are HTML [Hypertext Markup Language], and VoiceXML. The compared means for transcoding are XSLT [Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation], the UIML peers section with enhancements for transcoding, and RDL/TT [Rule Description Language for Tree Transformation], a Java-like transcoding language. Rendered by www.RenderX.com Comparing Transcoding Tools for Use with a Generic User Interface Format
Improved Properties of AlON/4H SiC Interface for Passivation Studies (2008)

Aluminium oxynitride (AlON) films of variable composition were grown by reactive sputter deposition in a N2/O2 ambient at room temperature and studied for device passivation. The films were deposited on Si and 4H-SiC substrates as well as on SiC PiN diodes. The AlON/SiO2/SiC stack provided superior interface properties compared to the AlON/SiC structure. Samples with 8% oxygen content, in the AlON film, and subjected to a UV exposure prior to deposition, exhibited the smallest net positive interface charge. A large net negative interface charge was observed for samples with 10% oxygen content and for the samples with 8% oxygen content and subjected to a RCA1 surface clean, prior to deposition. Diodes passivated with AlON films demonstrated reduced leakage current compared to as-processed diodes.
Inert Gas Ion Pumping Using Differential Sputter Yield Cathodes (1969)

A method to eliminate “argon instability” in a Penning cold-cathode ion pump is proposed. This method involves the use of a metal having a high sputtering yield coefficient as one of the cathodes. The results obtained using titanium and tantalum as cathodes are described. This combination has eliminated the pressure fluctuations while pumping inert gases. The performance characteristics on gases such as air, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, and helium are also given.
The reaction of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles and 1,2,3-selenadiazoles with nonacarbonyldi-iron (1972)

Carbene complexes [µ-(thiophenacylidene)-bis(tricarbonyliron)(Fe–Fe) derivatives (9) and the seleno-analogues (10)] are obtained by the reaction of phenyl-substituted 1,2,3-thiadiazoles and 1,2,3-selenadiazoles with nonacarbonyldi-iron. When the substituents at positions 4 and 5 of the thiadiazoles and selenadiazoles are different, two isomeric carbene complexes are produced, the minor isomer in each case being a rearrangement product. Evidence is presented that this rearrangement occurs before the carbene complexes are formed, and may involve antiaromatic thiirens and selenirens as the symmetrical intermediates.
Chapter 1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Colloid and Interface Science (1991)

This chapter reviews the wide range of colloidal systems amenable to investigation by FT - IR spectroscopy. Molecular level information about the interactions of amphiphilic substances in aggregates such as micelles, bilayers, and gels can be obtained and related to the appearance and stability of the various phases exhibited. The interactions of polymers, surfactants and proteins with interfaces, which substantially modify the solid - liquid or liquid - air interface in many important industrial and processes, can also be monitored using FT - IR. Several themes of the application of FT-IR to studies of colloidal particles and interfaces have appeared over the last decade or so. The purpose of this chapter is to attempt to draw together examples of such research topics for both the practicing spectroscopist and workers in the field of colloid and surfactant science. Major advances have been made in recent years in the areas of spectroscopic data handling (which have affected the look and feel of the analytical laboratory in general) and sample handling (various new optical accessories). These advances have made FT-IR a truly accessible technique, with tremendous potential for application to research in areas of considerable economic, as well as fundamental, importance. Synthetic surfactants are ubiquitous in the modem world, appearing in a wide variety of consumer cleaning products, in foods and cosmetics, and in industrial products and processes such as metal cleaning and enhanced oil recovery. The design of novel surfactant - based products or processes featuring improved performance or decreased environmental impact requires an understanding of the relationship of molecular structure to surfactant phase behavior. In the case of natural amphiphiles such as the phospholipids, a single phase, the bilayer, is of paramount importance. Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular forces which stabilize these aggregates have been made recently using vibrational spectroscopy. In nature, membrane bilayers incorporate significant amounts of additional substances such as proteins and cholesterol. Although more complex, such systems are also beginning to yield to spectroscopic analysis. Besides being of fundamental interest, membrane bilayer chemistry affects areas of considerable economic opportunity, considering pharmaceutical chemistry alone. Many of the spectroscopic concepts developed in studies of bilayers are applicable to other molecular aggregates such as surfactant miceUes and gels. The
Saturation: reduced idleness for improved fault-tolerance (2003)

The authors present a technique for maximizing the redundancy level of tasks and tolerating hardware faults by majority voting in the context of a network of workstations. The idea is to compute dynamically the number of copies allocated to each task, according to the number of sites and the tasks' criticality parameters. This technique leads to maximum utilization of the available resources in the distributed system, i.e. it reduces the idleness of resources and increases the redundancy of tasks. A reduction in fault dormancy and error latency is thus provided. This technique, called the saturation technique, is compared with similar approaches. A detailed description and the results obtained by simulation showing the advantages and the cost of implementing the saturation technique are given. The authors underline the structure of a convenient distributed operating system, including the execution model and task designation, to support the execution of multiple copies of tasks. The fault assumptions are discussed, and the different phases of a distributed scheduler are detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study (2012)

Purpose of review The Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study is a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of tube-shunt surgery to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in eyes with previous cataract and/or failed glaucoma surgery. This article interprets results from the TVT Study and applies them to clinical practice. Recent findings Both tube-shunt surgery and trabeculectomy with MMC produced intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction to the low teens throughout the 5-year duration of the study. Tube-shunt surgery was associated with use of more glaucoma medications than trabeculectomy with MMC during the first 2 years of the study, but medical therapy equalized with longer follow-up. Trabeculectomy with MMC had higher rates of surgical failure and reoperation for glaucoma compared with tube-shunt surgery. Vision loss occurred at a similar rate with the two surgical procedures. Early complications were more frequent after trabeculectomy with MMC relative to tube-shunt surgery, but both procedures had similar rates of late postoperative complications and serious complications. Summary Tube-shunt surgery and trabeculectomy with MMC are both viable surgical options for managing glaucoma in patients who have undergone prior cataract and/or failed filtering surgery. Results of the TVT Study support the expanding use of tube shunts beyond refractory glaucomas.
Expression cloning of a human cDNA encoding folylpoly(gamma-glutamate) synthetase and determination of its primary structure. (1992)

A human cDNA for folypoly(gamma-glutamate) synthetase [FPGS; tetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate gamma-ligase (ADP forming), EC 6.3.2.17] has been cloned by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli folC mutant. The cDNA encodes a 545-residue protein of M(r) 60,128. The deduced sequence has regions that are highly homologous to peptide sequences obtained from purified pig liver FPGS and shows limited homology to the E. coli and Lactobacillus casei FPGSs. Expression of the cDNA in E. coli results in elevated expression of an enzyme with characteristics of mammalian FPGS. Expression of the cDNA in AUXB1, a mammalian cell lacking FPGS activity, overcomes the cell's requirement for thymidine and purines but does not overcome the cell's glycine auxotrophy, consistent with expression of the protein in the cytosol but not the mitochondria.
Soft-switching single-stage current-fed full-bridge isolated converter for high power AC/DC applications (2015)

In this paper, a novel single-stage softswitching current-fed full-bridge AC/DC converter is proposed. By adding an additional commutation path, softswitching can be realized for all power devices. The power density is also enhanced by eliminating the DC capacitor. Meanwhile, the conduction loss is also lowered through the use of the additional commutation path. Furthermore, the control strategy for the proposed converter is compatible with that for traditional PFC converter. This facilitates the use of well-developed analog control IC such as UC3854. In this paper, the topology derivation and circuit operational analysis are given. The control strategy is introduced. A simulation is carried out to verify the circuit functionality.
The universe of fonts, charted by machine (2010)

Today, computer fonts come in hundreds and thousands. How do you find a font that fits for the task at hand? Which general types are available? Which ones are related---or not related at all---to the ones you know well? To address such issues, this work applies strategies from Music Information Retrieval (MIR) to organizing fonts. Finding similar music and graphically laying out a music collection according to the similarity of the tracks are standard tasks in MIR, tackled by automatically extracting meaningful but low-level descriptors from the bare content data---that is: waveforms---and discovering high-level meaning through machine learning.
The P1 family: a new class of nuclear mammalian proteins related to the yeast Mem replication proteins (1993)

Monospecific antibodies against an oligopeptide, conserved among the Mcm class of yeast replication proteins, were used to screen a human cDNA library. Eight of the isolated cDNA clones have the potential to code for sections of proteins with high sequence similarities to the yeast proteins Mcm3 and Cdc46 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cdc21 from S. pombe. Our results establish a novel and highly conserved family of nuclear proteins in mammalian cells.
Fast characterisation of cell‐derived extracellular vesicles by nanoparticles tracking analysis, cryo‐electron microscopy, and Raman tweezers microspectroscopy (2012)

The joint use of 3 complementary techniques, namely, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and Raman tweezers microspectroscopy (RTM), is proposed for a rapid characterisation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of various origins. NTA is valuable for studying the size distribution and concentration, Cryo-EM is outstanding for the morphological characterisation, including observation of vesicle heterogeneity, while RTM provides the global chemical composition without using any exogenous label. The capabilities of this approach are evaluated on the example of cell-derived vesicles of Dictyostelium discoideum, a convenient general model for eukaryotic EVs. At least 2 separate species differing in chemical composition (relative amounts of DNA, lipids and proteins, presence of carotenoids) were found for each of the 2 physiological states of this non-pathogenic microorganism, that is, cell growth and starvation-induced aggregation. These findings demonstrate the specific potency of RTM. In addition, the first Raman spectra of human urinary exosomes are reported, presumably constituting the primary step towards Raman characterisation of EVs for the purpose of human diseases diagnoses.
Association of Sindbis Virus Capsid Protein with Phospholipid Membranes and the E2 Glycoprotein:  Implications for Alphavirus Assembly (2005)

A late stage in assembly of alphaviruses within infected cells is thought to be directed by interactions between the nucleocapsid and the cytoplasmic domain of the E2 protein, a component of the viral E1/E2 glycoprotein complex that is embedded in the plasma membrane. Recognition between the nucleocapsid protein and the E2 protein was explored in solution using NMR spectroscopy, as well as in binding assays using a model phospholipid membrane system that incorporated a variety of Sindbis virus E2 cytoplasmic domain (cdE2) and capsid protein constructs. In these binding assays, synthetic cdE2 peptides were reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles to simulate the presentation of cdE2 on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Results from these binding assays showed a direct interaction between a peptide containing the C-terminal 16 amino acids of the cdE2 sequence and a Sindbis virus capsid protein construct containing amino acids 19-264. Additional experiments that probed the sequence specificity of this cdE2-capsid interaction are also described. Further binding assays demonstrated an interaction between the 19-264 capsid protein and artificial vesicles containing neutral or negatively charged phospholipids, while capsid protein constructs with N-terminal truncations displayed either little or no affinity for such vesicles. The membrane-binding property of the capsid protein suggests that the membrane may play an active role in alphavirus assembly. The results are consistent with an assembly process involving an initial membrane association, whereby an association with E2 glycoprotein further enhances capsid binding to facilitate membrane envelopment of the nucleocapsid for budding. Collectively, these experiments elucidate certain requirements for the binding of Sindbis virus capsid protein to the cytoplasmic domain of the E2 glycoprotein, a critical event in the alphavirus maturation pathway.
Phase I study of E7389/gemcitabine combination in patients with advanced solid tumors (2009)

e13509 Background: E7389 (E) is a synthetic analogue of halichondrin B, an investigational tubulin-based antimitotic drug. Gemcitabine (G) is a nucleoside analogue clinically active in several human tumours. These two drugs exhibit synergistic cytotoxic effects against the H522 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts. Methods: A phase I study of these two drugs in combination was initiated in patients with advanced solid tumours. Two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease were allowed. Results: Patient characteristics: male 11/female 10; median age 59 (range 28–84); performance status 0 /1/2: n=1/13/7; prior chemotherapy 21, prior radiotherapy 7, prior immunotherapy 1; tumour types: ovarian cancer 3, endometrial cancer 3, NSCLC 3, gastric/esophageal adenocarcinoma 3, miscellaneous 9. Total number of cycles given 52, median cycles/patient (range) 2 (1, 8). Cohort (CT) 1: E/G given days 1,8,15 q28 days. Due to DLT, regimen changed in CT 2 with E/G given days 1, 8 q21 days. Cycles (C) given: median 2 range 1–8, total 52. Response: partial response 1 (ovarian cancer), stable 8 [minor response 4 (NSCLC 2, endometrial cancer 1, head and neck cancer 1)], progression 8, inevaluable 4. Conclusions: Further phase II investigation of this regimen should be considered at a dose of E 1.0 g/m 2 /G 1000 mg/m 2 q 3 weeks. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
FFA-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction Can Be Corrected by Vitamin C (2002)

Insulin resistance is associated with an inappropriate elevation of plasma FFA and endothelial dysfunction. FFA could stimulate formation of reactive oxygen species, which could be responsible for vascular impairment. In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in 10 healthy volunteers (24 +/- 3 yr old), forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intraarterial acetylcholine (ACh) and glyceryl trinitrate were assessed with coadministration of vitamin C (24 mg/ml) or placebo, respectively, in the presence of increased plasma FFA induced by Intralipid/heparin infusion. The rise in plasma FFA from 320 +/- 64 to 1852 +/- 232 micromol/liter was associated with a reduced response of FBF to ACh by 55% (P < 0.01). During coadministration of vitamin C, the impaired responsiveness of FBF to ACh was completely reversed and not different from that observed under baseline conditions. Vitamin C did not affect plasma FFA concentrations. Glyceryl trinitrate responsiveness was unchanged during FFA elevation, with or without vitamin C. These data suggest that FFA-induced vascular oxidative stress could contribute to endothelial dysfunction in insulin-resistant patients. High concentrations of antioxidants are able to reverse the local effects of FFA on endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Mechanisms of dNTP supply that play an essential role in maintaining genome integrity in eukaryotic cells (2010)

Optimization of intracellular concentrations of dNTPs is critical for the fidelity of DNA synthesis during DNA replication and repair because levels that are too high or too low can easily lead to increased rates of mutagenesis. Recent advances in the analysis of intracellular concentrations of dNTPs have suggested that eukaryotes use diverse mechanisms in supplying dNTPs for DNA synthesis during DNA replication and repair. The enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of dNTPs. We found that Tip60-dependent recruitment of RNR at sites of DNA damage is essential for supplying a sufficient amount of dNTPs for mammalian DNA repair. In this review, we focus on recent findings related to RNR regulation in eukaryotes of the dNTPs supplied for DNA synthesis. We also discuss the effect of this regulation on mutagenesis and tumorigenesis.