gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Catalysis for the Umpolung Trifluoromethylthiolation of Tertiary Ethers (2018)

The first transition-metal-free, site-specific umpolung trifluoromethylthiolation of tertiary alkyl ethers has been developed, achieving the challenging tertiary C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-SCF<sub>3</sub> coupling under redox-neutral conditions. The synergism of organophotocatalyst 4CzIPN and BINOL-based phosphorothiols can site-selectively cleave tertiary sp<sup>3</sup> C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-O ether bonds in complex molecules initiated by a polarity-matching hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) event. The incorporation of several competing benzylic and methine C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H bonds in alkyl ethers has little influence on the regioselectivity. Selective difluoromethylthiolation of C-O bonds has also been achieved. This represents not only an important step forward in trifluoromethylthiolation but also a promising means for site-selective C-O bond functionalization of unsymmetrical tertiary alkyl ethers.
UK moves on security standards (1992)

Abstract The UK IT Security Evaluation and Certification Scheme (UKITSEC), which is jointly operated by the Communications Electronics Security Group (CESG) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), is now fully operational A list of products evaluated under this new scheme, entitled UK Certified Product List’, was published by the CESG/DTI on 1 January 1992. The purpose of the scheme is to evaluate and certify the trustworthiness of security features in IT products and systems. The UK government had announced its intention to launch such a scheme as far back as 1989. Plans have been underway since then to put the scheme in place.
Fragrances and other materials in deodorants: search for potentially sensitizing molecules using combined GC‐MS and structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis (1998)

Deodorants are one of the most frequently-used types of cosmetics and are a source of allergic contact dermatitis. Therefore, a gas chromatography - mass spectrometric analysis of 71 deodorants was performed for identification of fragrance and non-fragrance materials present in marketed deodorants. Futhermore, the sensitizing potential of these molecules was evaluated using structure activity relationships (SARs) analysis. This was based on the presence of 1 or more chemically reactive site(s), in the chemical structure, associated with sensitizing potential. Among the many different substances used to formulate cosmetic products (over 3500), 226 chemicals were identified in a sample of 71 deodorants. 84 molecules were found to contain at least 1 structural alert, and 70 to belong to, or be susceptible to being metabolized into, the chemical group of aldehydes, ketones and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, ketone or esters. The combination of GC-MS and SARs analysis could be helpful in the selection of substances for supplementary investigations regarding sensitizing properties. Thus, it may be a valuable tool in the management of contact allergy to deodorants and for producing new deodorants with decreased propensity to cause contact allergy.
Stability of DNA Duplexes Containing Hypoxanthine (Inosine): Gas versus Solution Phase and Biological Implications (2010)

A series of 9-mer DNA duplexes of the sequence 5'-d(GGTTXTTGG)-3'/3'-d(CCAAYAACC)-5', where the central base X or Y = adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and hypoxanthine (H), have been examined toward understanding the effect of hypoxanthine on DNA stability. Comparison of the duplex stability in the gas phase versus solution indicates that hypoxanthine has much less of a destabilizing effect in the gas phase versus in solution, relative to the normal complementary duplexes. The biological implications of these results, both in the context of hypoxanthine as a universal base and as a damaged base, are discussed.
The reduction of stress concentration in a uni-axially loaded infinite width rectangular isotropic/orthotropic plate with central circular hole by coaxial auxiliary holes (2012)

A comprehensive plane stress finite element study is made for reduction of stress concentration factor (SCF) in a uni-axially loaded infinite width rectangular isotropic/orthotropic plate with central circular hole. The finite element formulation was carried out by the analysis section of the package ANSYS. With the help of present work, stress concentration can be reduced up to 24.4 % in an isotropic and 31 % in an orthotropic plate by introducing four coaxial auxiliary holes on either side of main hole. The study reveals that the introduction of these holes helps to smooth flow of the tensile stress past the main hole and result a reduction in stress concentration factor. With such reduction in maximum stress levels, the improvement in fatigue life of a component can be significant.
Photonic bandgap microcavity devices (2005)

Modern semiconductor microfabrication techniques can be used to define the high quality optical components needed in nanophotonic integrated circuits. Here we show our work on design, fabrication and characterization of ultrasmall lasers, filters, modulators and waveguides in photonic crystals.
Aging Infrastructure and Ecosystem Restoration (2008)

Targeted decommissioning of deteriorated and obsolete infrastructure can provide opportunities for restoring degraded ecosystems.
모형도로터널의 환기성능에 미치는 FAN유량에 관한 수치적 연구 (2010)

터널내에 설치되는 제트팬은 비상시에는 연기와 같은 유독가스를 제거하는데 사용되며 평상시에는 장대터널에 있어서 차량에 의해 발생한 오염공기를 제거하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 파량의 피스톤효과에 의해서 일부 제거되기는 하나 1㎞이상의 장대터널에서는 반드시 필요로 한다. 제트팬의 가장 많은 에너지 손실이 벽면에서 이루어지고 있으며 이를 통하여 터널내에 소실되는 에너지를 정량화하고 그원인 파악과 함께 효율적인 환기설계를 위한 연구이다.
Improved Laboratory Diagnostics of Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Children by Detection of Antibodies to New Antigens in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2008)

Recombinant DbpA and BBK32 as well as the peptide antigen IR6 perform well in laboratory diagnostics of neuroborreliosis in children. New antigens seem to improve diagnostic performance when compared with the routine flagella antigen. If different antigens are combined in a panel to cover the antigenic diversity, sensitivity improves further and a specificity of 100% can be achieve.
Generic event‐based monitoring and adaptation methodology for heterogeneous distributed systems (2014)

SUMMARY The Cloud computing paradigm provides the basis for a class of platforms and applications that face novel challenges related to multi‐tenancy, adaptivity, and elasticity. To account for service delivery guarantees in the face of ever increasing levels of heterogeneity, scale, and dynamism, service provisioning in the Cloud has raised the demand for systematic and flexible approaches to monitoring and adaptation of applications. In this paper, we tackle this issue and present a framework for efficient runtime management of Cloud environments and distributed heterogeneous systems in general. A novel domain‐specific language termed MONINA is introduced that allows to define integrated monitoring and adaptation functionality for controlling such systems. We propose a mechanism for optimal deployment of the defined control operators onto available computing resources. Deployment is based on solving a quadratic programming problem, which aims at achieving minimized reaction times, low overhead, and scalable monitoring and adaptation. The monitoring infrastructure is based on a distributed messaging middleware, providing high level of decoupling and allowing new monitoring nodes to join the system dynamically. We provide a detailed formalization of the problem domain, discuss architectural details, highlight the implementation of the developed prototype, and put our work into perspective with existing work in the field. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential Chipless RFID Sensors for Food Packaging Applications: A Review (2020)

Recently, there is an increasing demand for food safety and quality monitoring in the agrifood sector, needing active and smart packaging. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has the potential to become one of the most promising technology for the food industry since it can satisfy all the requirements of a sensor and identification in food safety monitoring, packages tracking, inventory control, early warning, and easy check-out. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the recent advancement of the chipless RFID humidity, temperature, gas, pH, and bio-sensors, as these types of sensors are required for evaluating the quality of the food in the food industry. Additionally, the paper explains the requirements of the food industry for quality monitoring of the food products, covers the existing challenges of chipless RFID sensor technology, and highlights the future direction of the research.
Inferring crypto API rules from code changes (2018)

Creating and maintaining an up-to-date set of security rules that match misuses of crypto APIs is challenging, as crypto APIs constantly evolve over time with new cryptographic primitives and settings, making existing ones obsolete.
On Scene Flow Computation of Gas Structures with Optical Gas Imaging Cameras (2020)

Gas leak inspection and gas leak quantification are nowadays of high relevance within the oil and gas industry as well as in many other industrial sectors. This has been driven by safety-related issues, economic losses and the considerable climate impact caused by such unwanted gas releases. Due to the latter, the efforts for developing new and more reliable measurement techniques for detecting and quantifying greenhouse gases such as methane have increased in the recent years. In this work, a stereo camera system based on optical gas imaging cameras is used for computing dense 3D velocity information, i.e. scene flow, of escaping gas structures. Here, the optical flow, the disparity and the disparity change in likely gas image regions are computed utilizing classical variational methods. The accuracy of the applied methods and their applicability under real conditions in a biogas plant are characterized and tested. The results show that the recovered 3D gas velocity field per camera frame approaches the average 3D velocity field of the measured gas structure. The accuracy of the used method is affected, among others, when the imaged gas structures exhibit a low contrast.
Collagen gel overlay induces apoptosis of polarized cells in cultures: disoriented cell death (1998)

In this study, we attempted to investigate the response of polarized cells to inappropriate interaction with the extracellular matrix. Cell lines of epithelial [Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and LLC-PK1], endothelial [bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC)], and mesenchymal (ESK-4 and NIH/3T3) origins were employed. With collagen gel overlay, MDCK cells underwent membrane remodeling and gradually developed lumen formation within 24 h. Apoptosis could also be observed following cell remodeling. The ratio of apoptosis was enhanced from 12.1 +/- 2.4% within 24 h to 58.4 +/- 9.8% at day 3, and finally the monolayer was disintegrated. Collagen gel overlay-induced apoptosis was not a result of physical stress, since agarose gel overlay did not induce any morphological alterations. All epithelial and endothelial cells examined developed apoptosis in response to collagen overlay. In contrast, collagen overlay did not affect growth of fibroblasts at all, although their growth under agarose gel was slightly hindered due to physical stress. Collagen overlay-induced apoptosis seems to be a unique phenomenon for polarized cells and thus is defined as "disoriented cell death." Furthermore, anti-alpha2-integrin antibody could abolish collagen overlay-induced morphological changes and apoptosis in MDCK cells, indicating that signals through alpha2-integrin on the apical membrane are required for disoriented cell death. Finally, Bcl-2 overexpression prolonged survival of MDCK cells in response to collagen overlay, but these cells eventually developed apoptosis due to downregulation of Bcl-2 protein. These findings indicate that inappropriate cell-matrix interaction results in apoptosis, which may account for cell death mechanisms during developmental processes or under pathological conditions.
Secure Cloud Computing through Homomorphic Encryption (2014)

Go to the cloud, has always been the dream of man. Cloud Computing offers a number of benefits and services to its customers who pay the use of hardware and software resources (servers hosted in data centers, applications, software...) on demand which they can access via internet without the need of expensive computers or a large storage system capacity and without paying any equipment maintenance fees. But these cloud providers must provide guarantees on the protection of privacy and sensitive data stored in their data centers shared between multiple clients using the concept of virtualization.
Correction for Nonlinear Fluctuating Background in Monovariable Analytical Systems (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection for Nonlinear Fluctuating Background in Monovariable Analytical SystemsIsrael. SchechterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 15, 2580–2585Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00111a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00111a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A wide spreading range programmable spread spectrum clock generator using a ΣΔ fractional-N PLL (2009)

A programmable spread spectrum clock generator (PSSCG) using fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented. Spreading is achieved by modulating the feedback divider using a triangular wave through a ΣΔ modulator. In order to allow wide spreading ratios a new technique is adopted to keep the triangular wave within the input range of the ΣΔ modulator. The clock frequency is programmable from 8–280 MHz with center and down spreading (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%). The RMS period jitter is 8.7 ps at 280 MHz. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction is 18.1 dB at 4% center spreading. The proposed PSSCG is designed using a CMOS 0.18μm 6-metal technology and has an active area of 0.66 × 0.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Paramagnetic defects in annealed ultrathin layers of SiOx, Al2O3, and ZrO2 on (100)Si (2004)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on (100)Si∕SiOx∕ZrO2 and (100)Si∕Al2O3∕ZrO2 stacks with nm-thick dielectric layers reveal, upon postdeposition oxidation (PDO) in the range of 650–800°C, the appearance of various SiO2-characteristic defects, including E′ and EX centers and a 95-G doublet. These defects generally grow during PDO treatment, attesting to significant modification of the SiOx interlayer, and∕or additional SiOx interlayer growth. The ESR results on E′ indicate that the SiOx interlayer formed in (100)Si∕SiOx∕ZrO2 is drastically inferior to standard thermal (100)Si∕SiO2, exhibiting over one order of magnitude more O-deficiency centers. The (100)Si∕Al2O3 system appears more robust in terms of SiOx interlayer growth, and has better interlayer properties.
Digital inkjet printing for etching circuits (2007)

The driver for using a digital inkjet printer to put down a UV etch resist for PCB innerlayer fabrication is pretty straight forward - the elimination of all photolithography processes and equipment, i.e. artwork generation, photoresist exposure and development. The reduction in space requirements, material usage, cycle time, and associated costs makes the switch to digital inkjet printing very cost effective. This article presents the latest results at achieving this goal.
Die atmosphärische Korrosion von Kupfer und Bronze im Rahmen des UN/ECE‐Expositionsprogramms. Zwischenbericht nach 4‐jähriger Bewitterung (1993)

Abstract Begleitet von einem umfassenden Meßprogramm für Umweltdaten wurden an 39 Stationen in 14 Ländern Kupfer‐ (DIN 1787) und Bronzeproben (DIN 1705) exponiert und anschließend untersucht. Gemessen wurden die Gewichtsveränderung, der Massenverlust (nach Abbeizen der Korrosionsschichten), die Farbveränderung (Dreibereichsverfahren), die chemische Zusammensetzung der Korrosionsprodukte (Debye‐Scherrer), die Schichtdicke (Wirbelstromverfahren) sowie die Rauhigkeit der bewitterten Oberfläche (Perthometer). Die Korrosionsdaten stehen dabei im Zusammenhang mit den Umweltdaten, insbesondere der Schwefeldioxidkonzentration, der Leitfähigkeit der Niederschläge und der Luftfeuchtigkeit.
GRK2-Dependent Desensitization Downstream of G Proteins (2008)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are serine/threonine kinases first discovered by its role in receptor desensitization. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of GPCRs by GRKs triggers the docking of beta-arrestins and the functional uncoupling of G proteins and receptors. In addition, we and others have uncovered new direct ways by which GRKs could impinge into intracellular signalling pathways independently of receptor phosphorylation. In particular, we have characterized that elevated GRK2 levels can reduce CCR2-mediated activation of the ERK MAPK route in a manner that is independent of kinase activity and also of G proteins. This inhibition of ERK occurred in the absence of any reduction on MEK phosphorylation, what implicates that GRK2 is acting at the level of MEK or at the MEK-ERK interface to achieve a downregulation of ERK phosphorylation. In fact, we describe here that a direct association between GRK2 and MEK proteins can be detected in vitro. p38 MAPK pathway also appears to be regulated directly by GRK2 in a receptor-independent manner. p38 can be phosphorylated by GRK2 in threonine 123, a residue sitting at the entrance of a docking groove by which this MAPK associates to substrates and upstream activators. The T123phospho-mimetic mutant of p38 shows a reduced ability to bind to MKK6, concomitant with an impaired p38 activation, and a decreased phosphorylation of downstream substrates such as MEF2, MK2 and ATF2. Elevated levels of GRK2 downregulate p38-dependent cellular responses, such as differentiation of preadipocytic cells, while LPS-induced cytokine release is enhanced in macrophages from GRK2 (+/-) mice. In sum, we describe in this article different ways by which GRK2 directly regulates MAPK-mediated cellular events. This regulation of the MAPK modules by GRK2 could be relevant in pathological situations where the levels of this kinase are altered, such as during inflammatory diseases or cardiovascular pathologies.
Effects of urea on durability of reinforced concrete (1993)

This Paper describes a laboratory investigation of the influence of urea on the mechanical properties of concrete and the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The mechanical properties of concrete cubes, exposed to weekly cycles of drying and submersion in a variety of urea or salt solutions, were investigated by non-destructive and destructive monitoring at regular intervals. The microstructure of concrete was analysed by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry. The resistance to freezing and thawing of concrete prisms was studied by recording weight loss, dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The effects of urea on reinforcement corrosion were investigated by monitoring changes in the corrosion potentials and corrosion rates of steel electrodes, embedded at four depths of cover in concrete slab specimens exposed to various methods of treatment with urea or salt solutions.
Alignment, Rotation, and Spinning of Single Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Nanowires Using Polarization Dependent Optical Forces (2009)

We demonstrate optical alignment and rotation of individual plasmonic nanostructures with lengths from tens of nanometers to several micrometers using a single beam of linearly polarized near-infrared laser light. Silver nanorods and dimers of gold nanoparticles align parallel to the laser polarization because of the high long-axis dipole polarizability. Silver nanowires, in contrast, spontaneously turn perpendicular to the incident polarization and predominantly attach at the wire ends, in agreement with electrodynamics simulations. Wires, rods, and dimers all rotate if the incident polarization is turned. In the case of nanowires, we demonstrate spinning at an angular frequency of approximately 1 Hz due to transfer of spin angular momentum from circularly polarized light.
YB-1 Acts as a Ligand for Notch-3 Receptors and Modulates Receptor Activation (2009)

Y-box (YB) protein-1 is secreted by mesangial and immune cells after cytokine challenge, but extracellular functions are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular YB-1 associates with outer cell membrane components and interacts with extracellular Notch-3 receptor domains. The interaction appears to be specific for Notch-3, as YB-1-green fluorescent protein binds to the extracellular domains and full-length forms of Notch-3 but not to Notch-1. YB-1-green fluorescent protein and Notch-3 proteins co-localize at cell membranes, and extracellular YB-1 activates Notch-3 signaling, resulting in nuclear translocation of the Notch-3 intracellular domain and up-regulation of Notch target genes. The YB-1/Notch-3 interaction may be of particular relevance for inflammatory mesangioproliferative disease, as both proteins co-localize in an experimental nephritis model and receptor activation temporally and spatially correlates with YB-1 expression.
Mushroom worker's lung (1970)

Two cases of an acute chest illness occurring in mushroom workers are described. In one patient, who was severely ill, a lung biopsy was obtained which showed a pattern of alveolitis and interstitial fibrosis. The serum of both patients gave a precipitin reaction to an extraction of mushroom compost after spawning, but no reaction occurred to a variety of hay antigens used in the diagnosis of farmer9s lung. A provocation test undertaken in one patient demonstrated a reaction to the inhalation of a dilute extract of mushroom compost after spawning. The most severely ill patient made a full clinical and functional recovery without steroid therapy.