gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinate control of anchorage independence, actin cytoskeleton, and angiogenesis by human chromosome 1 in hamster-human hybrids. (1986)

A panel of hybrids previously derived from fusions between a chemically transformed hamster cell line and normal human fibroblasts (A. Stoler and N. Bouck, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 570-574, 1985) has been used to test whether or not anchorage independence, lack of actin cables, and angiogenic activity, three characteristics of transformed cells considered necessary but not sufficient for neoplasia, are coordinately regulated. In these hybrids anchorage independence is initially suppressed and those hybrids where it remains suppressed have been shown to retain human chromosome 1. Here we show that suppressed hybrids also display actin microfilament cables characteristic of normal cells and are unable to elicit an angiogenic response in the rat cornea assay. In contrast, those hybrids in which anchorage independence is expressed and which have lost human chromosome 1 have an actin cytoskeleton resembling that of the transformed parent and are potently angiogenic.
HIV-1 biological phenotype in long-term infected individuals evaluated with an MT-2 cocultivation assay (1992)

Direct cocultivation of patient PBMC with the MT-2 cell line is a sensitive, specific and convenient method to detect SI isolates. The availability of an assay suitable for the screening of large groups allows further study of the value of HIV-1 biological phenotyping as a prognostic marker.
Characteristics of U.S. Orange Consumption (2003)

U.S. per capita consumption of oranges has grown slowly since the 1960s, although the orange remains the number one fruit consumed (total fresh and processed uses). Consumption patterns appear to vary by demographic and economic characteristics. Northeast consumers show the strongest preference for orange juice, and those in the West for fresh oranges compared with consumers elsewhere. Consumers in the Midwest and the South consume less of all orange products. Hispanics and people of "other" races (including Asians) have the highest orange consumption of all racial/ethnic groups. Consumers classified as high-income favor orange juice, while those in the low-income group have the highest per capita consumption of orange drink. Males consume a greater share of all orange products than females.
Modulation of the Purinergic P2X<sub>7</sub>Receptor Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Microglial Activation and Neuronal Damage in Inflamed Brain (2007)

We investigated the involvement and roles of the ionotropic purinergic receptor P2X(7)R in microglia in mediating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in rat striatum. A detailed in vivo study showed that LPS injection into striatum markedly increased the expression of P2X(7)R in microglia compared with control (saline)-injected animals. Additionally, LPS injection upregulated a broad spectrum of proinflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (nitric oxide production marker), 3-nitrotyrosine (peroxynitrite-mediated nitration marker), 4-hydroxynonenal (lipid peroxidation marker), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (oxidative DNA damage marker), and reduced neuronal viability. The P2X(7)R antagonist oxidized ATP (oxATP) was effective in attenuating expressions of all inflammatory mediators and in addition inhibited LPS-induced activation of the cellular signaling factors p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and transcriptional factor nuclear factor kappaB. Most importantly, in vivo, oxATP blockade of P2X(7)R also reduced numbers of caspase-3-positive neurons and increased neuronal survival in LPS-injected brain. In vitro, LPS stimulation of cultured human microglia enhanced cellular expressions of a host of proinflammatory factors, including cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; all factors were inhibited by oxATP. A novel finding was that LPS potentiated intracellular [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization induced by the P2X(7)R ligand 2',3'-O-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl) ATP, which could serve as a mechanistic link for P2X(7)R amplification of inflammatory responses. Our results suggest critical roles for P2X(7)R in mediating inflammation and inhibition of this subtype purinergic receptor as a novel therapeutic approach to reduce microglial activation and confer neuroprotection in inflamed and diseased brain.
p-Nitrosodimethylaniline as an OH Radical Scavenger in Radiation Chemistry<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTp-Nitrosodimethylaniline as an OH Radical Scavenger in Radiation Chemistry1I. Kraljić and C. N. TrumboreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 12, 2547–2550Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01090a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01090a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bimodal relationship between invasion of the amniotic membrane and plasminogen activator activity (1990)

Three human tumor cell lines, Bowes' melanoma, HT1080 and Osmond cells, were characterized for their ability to invade the amniotic membrane and their production of plasminogen activator. Bowes' melanoma cells, which release large amounts of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), were poorly invasive on the amniotic membrane. The addition of plasmin inhibitors, anti-tPA antibody or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) to the amnion assay enhanced invasiveness. The depletion of plasminogen from the growth medium also enhanced the degree of invasiveness. Similarly, HT1080 cells, which produce high levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), were poorly invasive under standard conditions but invasion was enhanced by plasmin inhibitors or anti-uPA antibodies. Conversely, Osmond cells, which produce low levels of uPA, were very invasive on the amniotic membrane. Invasion by these cells was blocked by the addition of plasmin inhibitors or anti-uPA antibodies to the amnion assay. These results suggest that invasion requires only a minimum level of PA activity and that, as PA production exceeds this optimal level, the degree of invasion decreases. We propose that high levels of plasmin, generated by the tPA or uPA secreted by the cells, may cause uncontrolled matrix degradation and interrupt the interaction of cells and matrix in the early stages of invasion. The inhibition of excessive plasmin activity may stabilize and increase cell matrix contacts and result in an enhancement of invasion.
Quasi-stellar Radio Sources as Spherical Galaxies in the Process of Formation (1969)

THE large energies and short time-scales characteristic of the quasi-stellar radio sources present major problems for their interpretation. The total power emitted by 3C 48 is estimated to be 2 × 1046 ergs/sec1. The presence of nebulosity around 3C 48 (ref. 1) and 3C 273 (ref. 2) suggests lifetimes of at least 5 × 1012 sec, so that the emitted energy exceeds 1059 ergs. If a major part of this energy is in the form of synchrotron radiation, this is a lower limit to the energy contained in relativistic electrons. Similar lower limits follow for the relativistic particle energies in bright radio galaxies, even if the proton component is small3. The appearance of the nebulosity and the ratio of radius to velocity suggest that the lifetime of these objects is not much greater than 106 years. Both sources are observed to vary in optical brightness over a period of years4,5, and there is some evidence that 3C 48 varies over a period of weeks as well1.
Integrating the Fuzzy Front End of New Product Development (1997)

Why are new products frequently canceled in midstream or introduced later than planned? Why do product developers often have no time to devote to top priority projects? Companies may not be integrating strategic, conceptual, and planning functions at the front end with the detailed design and development that follows. Khurana and Rosenthal isolated seven activities critical to product and project success. 

The foundation elements, those that require cross-functional effort and senior management support, include developing a clear product strategy, formulating a product portfolio, establishing a structure that facilitates product development, and sharing responsibilities throughout the organization. Project-specific elements, which focus on the individual project, include clarifying the product concept, defining the product and market requirements, and planning and estimating the project's resource requirements. The authors point out that the interrelationships between the elements are as important as the elements themselves. 

Khurana and Rosenthal examine in detail how the eleven companies in their study implemented the seven activities. While the authors rated two companies as outstanding and two as satisfactory, they considered seven to have serious deficiencies in their development of product strategies. Some had product development teams and managers but no one in charge of formulating product strategy. Others made decisions on new product development based on project criteria rather than strategic fit. And others had an isolated R&D department that funded projects based on technology rather than on their potential to satisfy product requirements. 

How can a company improve its front-end process? Khurana and Rosenthal offer a checklist and map for diagnosing a company's integration of front-end activities. And they discuss how a company can make the transition to a better managed product development process.
Mutants of <i>Diplococcus pneumoniae</i> that Lack Deoxyribonucleases and Other Activities Possibly Pertinent to Genetic Transformation (1970)

Mutants of Diplococcus pneumoniae that lacked the two major deoxyribonucleases of the cell-one an endonuclease, the other an exonuclease preferentially active on native deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-were obtained. The development of a method for detecting mutant colonies, based on the binding of methyl green to DNA, facilitated isolation of the mutants. Neither enzyme was essential for growth of the cells, for repair of ultraviolet damage, or for any phase of DNA-mediated transformation. Residual deoxyribonuclease activity in the double mutant corresponded to an exonuclease, approximately one-fifth as active as the major exonuclease, that attacked native and denatured DNA equally well. This activity appeared to be associated with the DNA-polymerase enzyme. A mutant that apparently lacked a cell wall lytic enzyme was also fully transformable. A mutant strain that was four times more sensitive to ultraviolet light than the wild type also transformed normally. Recipient cells of this strain were deficient in the repair of ultraviolet-irradiated transforming DNA. Mutants were found which, unlike the wild type, integrated donor markers only with high efficiency, thereby indicating that a particular cellular component that is susceptible to loss by mutation, such as an enzyme, is responsible for low integration efficiency.
Quantitative texture analysis in echocardiography: Application to the diagnosis of myocarditis (1991)

Altered myocardial texture associated with inflammatory infiltration or fibrosis of the myocardium has already been described using qualitative and subjective analysis of two-dimensional echocardiograms. The aim of this work is to test whether quantitative analysis of regional image texture in two-dimensional echocardiograms would be an accurate method to identify myocarditis and myocardial fibrosis. A set of 20 two-dimensional studies with endomyocardial biopsy evaluation was examined in 13 patients. Biopsy-proven myocarditis was present in 8 studies; myocarditis and fibrosis in 4; fibrosis in 3; healing/healed myocarditis in 5. A control group of 8 normal subjects was also studied by echocardiography. After quantitative texture analysis of the first order, entropy appeared to consistently differentiate myocarditis from controls. Among second-order parameters, patients affected by myocarditis or fibrosis showed a decreased entropy and higher angular second moment versus controls. We conclude that myocarditis and fibrosis induce similar image texture alterations in ultrasonic images, with increased spatial heterogeneity of the gray level distribution, which can be differentiated from normal structures with digital image analysis techniques.
Detection and localization of gate oxide shorts in MOS transistors by optical-beam-induced current (1991)

The optical-beam-induced current (OBIC) technique in a scanning laser microscope enables gate oxide shorts in MOS transistors to be detected and localized, and confirms results of electrical measurements performed on failed devices. The technique is completely nondestructive and can be applied to all cases where a nonohmic contact is formed due to breakdown phenomena. It is demonstrated that the OBIC technique, coupled with device electrical characterization, can identify gate oxide failure sites in all cases where a junction is formed or can be electrically accessed between gate and other terminals. During the OBIC measurements, no device damage occurs: the device is kept unbiased, so that photo-generated carriers cannot achieve the energy necessary to be injected into oxides. No difference was found in MOS electrical characteristics measured before and after OBIC observations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Barista - a Graphical Tool for Designing and Training Deep Neural Networks (2018)

In recent years, the importance of deep learning has significantly increased in pattern recognition, computer vision, and artificial intelligence research, as well as in industry. However, despite the existence of multiple deep learning frameworks, there is a lack of comprehensible and easy-to-use high-level tools for the design, training, and testing of deep neural networks (DNNs). In this paper, we introduce Barista, an open-source graphical high-level interface for the Caffe deep learning framework. While Caffe is one of the most popular frameworks for training DNNs, editing prototext files in order to specify the net architecture and hyper parameters can become a cumbersome and error-prone task. Instead, Barista offers a fully graphical user interface with a graph-based net topology editor and provides an end-to-end training facility for DNNs, which allows researchers to focus on solving their problems without having to write code, edit text files, or manually parse logged data.
An energy detection receiver robust to multi-user interference for IEEE 802.15.4a networks (2008)

Energy-detection receivers are appealing to IEEE 802.15.4a low data-rate networks because of their low complexity. With a reasonable energy consumption, these receivers can exploit the ranging capabilities and multipath resistance of impulse-radio UWB (IR-UWB). However, the performance of energy-detection receivers can be severely degraded by multi-user interference (MUI). One solution may be to coordinate access to the physical layer with an exclusion protocol. Unfortunately, this cannot prevent MUI due to uncontrolled activities in neighboring networks (e.g., several IEEE 802.15.4a piconets running in parallel). Hence, interference must be taken into account already in the design of the physical layer. In this paper, we present an IR-UWB receiver robust to MUI for IEEE 802.15.4a networks. Its architecture is based on energy detection. We also take into full account the different signaling structure between the preamble and the payload of IEEE 802.15.4a packets. In certain scenarios with MUI we found the packet error rate to be up to two orders of magnitude lower when compared to a traditional energy detection receiver that neglects MUI. Further, this significant performance improvement entails only a moderate increase in complexity.
An integrated network resource and QoS management framework (2003)

We present an integrated network resource and QoS management framework based on the idea of decoupling the network control plane from the data plane. Our framework is capable of providing per-flow QoS guarantees using a scalable core-stateless packet forwarding mechanism at the network core. A virtual time reference system provides the abstraction of the data plane. A bandwidth broker performs all control and resource management functions while router functionality is kept minimal to make the performance of its main function, packet forwarding, efficient We present the bandwidth broker architecture, its modules and their implementations as well as the implementation of the packet forwarding mechanism at the routers. We describe also the design of the interface between the bandwidth broker and the routers as well as the interface between the bandwidth broker and the users (applications).
Transmission filters based on periodically micro-tapered fibre (2000)

Summary form only given.We have demonstrated a micro-taper based long-period grating with very narrow bandwidth optical response of 7 nm and extinction >20 dB. The wavelength response and bandwidths can be redesigned by choosing appropriate periods and grating lengths.
Application of Dynamic Slicing in Program Debugging (1997)

A dynamic program slice is an executable part of a program whose behavior is identical, for the same program input, to that of the original program with respect to a variable(s) of interest at some execution position. In the existing dynamic slicing tools dynamic slices are represented in a textual form, i.e., a dynamic slice is displayed to programmers in the form of highlighted statements or in the form of a subprogram. Although dynamic slicing does narrow the size of the program, it is still up to the programmer to analyze the text of a dynamic slice and identify a faulty part in the program. The textual representation of a dynamic slice does not provide much guidance in program debugging and understanding of program behavior, which frequently is a major factor in efficient debugging. During dynamic slice computation different types of information are computed and then discarded after computation of the dynamic slice. In this paper we propose new dynamic slicing related features that exploit this information to improve the process of program debugging. These features were implemented in our dynamic slicing tool that can be used for program debugging. 1.
Early on‐line detection of exothermic reactions (1986)

Abstract On‐line supervision exhibits in many respects properties complementary to those of established off‐line safety tests. Thus, on‐line methods are powerful tools for increasing the safety of chemical processes, especially in situations where unexpected hazards could occur. Known on‐line supervising methods are described and their advantage and disadvantages are briefly discussed. The abilities of various on‐line methods are demonstrated on a real case.
Crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa catabolic ornithine transcarbamoylase at 3.0-A resolution: a different oligomeric organization in the transcarbamoylase family. (1995)

The crystal structure of the Glu-105-->Gly mutant of catabolic ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase; carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = orthophosphate + L-citrulline, EC 2.1.3.3) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been determined at 3.0-A resolution. This mutant is blocked in the active R (relaxed) state. The structure was solved by the molecular replacement method, starting from a crude molecular model built from a trimer of the catalytic subunit of another transcarbamoylase, the extensively studied aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) from Escherichia coli. This model was used to generate initial low-resolution phases at 8-A resolution, which were extended to 3-A by noncrystallographic symmetry averaging. Four phase extensions were required to obtain an electron density map of very high quality from which the final model was built. The structure, including 4020 residues, has been refined to 3-A, and the current crystallographic R value is 0.216. No solvent molecules have been added to the model. The catabolic OTCase is a dodecamer composed of four trimers organized in a tetrahedral manner. Each monomer is composed of two domains. The carbamoyl phosphate binding domain shows a strong structural homology with the equivalent ATCase part. In contrast, the other domain, mainly implicated in the binding of the second substrate (ornithine for OTCase and aspartate for ATCase) is poorly conserved. The quaternary structures of these two allosteric transcarbamoylases are quite divergent: the E. coli ATCase has pseudo-32 point-group symmetry, with six catalytic and six regulatory chains; the catabolic OTCase has 23 point-group symmetry and only catalytic chains. However, both enzymes display homotropic and heterotropic cooperativity.
Power efficient monitoring management in sensor networks (2004)

Optimizing the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks has recently become the most important performance objective. We assume the sensor network model in which sensors can interchange idle and active modes. Given monitoring regions, battery life and energy consumption rate for each sensor, we formulate the problem of maximizing sensor network lifetime, i.e., time during which the monitored area is (partially or fully) covered. Our contributions include (1) an efficient data structure to represent the monitored area with at most n/sup 2/ points guaranteeing the full coverage which is superior to the previously used approach based on grid points, (2) efficient provably good centralized algorithms for sensor monitoring schedule maximizing the total lifetime including (1+ln(1-q)/sup -1/)-approximation algorithm for the case when a q-portion of the monitored area is required to cover, e.g., for the 90% area coverage our schedule guarantees to be at most 3.3 times shorter than the optimum, (4) a family of efficient distributed protocols with trade-off between communication and monitoring power consumption, (5) extensive experimental study of the proposed algorithms showing significant advantage in quality, scalability and flexibility.