gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytidine Deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F Interact with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Inhibit Proviral DNA Formation (2007)

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase that targets retroviral minus-strand DNA and has potent antiviral activity against diverse retroviruses. However, the mechanisms of A3G antiviral functions are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that A3G, A3F, and, to a lesser extent, the noncatalytic A3GC291S block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by interfering with proviral DNA formation. In HIV-1 virions, A3G interacted with HIV-1 integrase and nucleocapsid, key viral factors for reverse transcription and integration. Unlike A3G, the weak antiviral A3C cytidine deaminase did not interact with either of these factors and did not affect viral reverse transcription or proviral DNA formation. Thus, multiple steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle, most noticeably the formation of proviral DNA, are inhibited by both cytidine deamination-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Surface plasmon resonance of self-assembled phthalocyanine monolayers: possibilities for optical gas sensing (1996)

A diphthalocyanine disulfide (Pc) molecule has been deposited as a monolayer on gold-coated substrates through the process of self-assembly. To establish the molecular orientation of the Pc molecule on the gold surface the two complementary techniques of transmission IR and reflection absorption IR (RAIR) spectroscopies were used. The appearance of IR absorption bands associated with the Pc nucleus in the transmission spectrum, and their absence in the RAIR spectrum, suggests that the Pc self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is orientated with the macrocycle parallel to the metal surface. The Pc SAM has been used in conjunction with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to establish the utility of combining these techniques for optical gas sensing. The SPR reflectivity curves for the gold substrate and the Pc SAM on the gold substrate have been obtained. On exposure of the Pc SAM to the environmentally important NO2 gas, changes of the reflectivity signal were obtained in proportion to the concentration of the analyte gas. The results obtained show that the monolayer deposition technique of self-assembly is an ideal method for the production of chemically sensitive substrates which can be combined with surface plasmon resonance for the optical sensing of gaseous species.
Association of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the human red cell membrane. A kinetic analysis. (1980)

A rapid filtration technique was used to analyze the kinetics of the binding reaction between glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase and the band 3 protein of the human erythrocyte membrane. Saponin was used to eliminate the membrane as a rate-limiting barrier. The re-equilibration of the enzyme following dilution of membranes in buffer took only a few seconds. Dissociation rates were greatly stimulated and association rates were reduced by increasing ionic strength. A Brönsted-Bjerrum analysis suggested that two or three charges of opposite sign on each protein were involved in binding. NADH appeared to elute the enzyme by interaction with its catalytic site, but the band 3 binding site extended beyond the NADH site, permitting the formation of a ternary NADH . enzyme . membrane complex. The release of the enzyme from fresh erythrocytes immediately following saponin lysis showed kinetics similar to the release of enzyme from ghosts. The extrapolated zero time intercepts of these reactions suggested that two-thirds of cellular glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase was membrane bound prior to hemolysis. This value is similar to that calculated for the association of the enzyme with band 3 in the intact red cell when the high ionic strength and enzyme-eluting compounds in the cytoplasm are taken into account.
Robust Feedback Design for Proportional Assist Ventilation-System Dynamics and Problem Definition (2006)

Robust control analysis and design of feedback controllers for life support medical ventilators are discussed in the context of Proportional Assist Ventilation. Controllers for critical care ventilators are required to have robust performance in the presence of time-varying global dynamic uncertainty. Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV) is intended to detect, estimate, and track patient's spontaneous breathing effort and provide timely ventilatory support with specified air and O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas mix. The main design consideration for a PAV controller is the non-deterministic, time-variant, and patient-dependent nature of the reference tracking trajectory. The controller's reference is determined quasi-real time based on estimated lung model parameters, predicted spontaneous breathing effort, and percent support set by clinician. In this paper, we discuss system dynamics, define the control design problem, and briefly comment on well posedness, internal stability, and controller synthesis.
Synergistic Activity of the Herbicide Safener Dichlormid with Herbicides Affecting Photosynthesis (1990)

Abstract Dichlormid, a safener for thiolcarbamate herbicides, was tank-mixed with several herbicidal inhibitors of photosystem II, or with the herbicide acifluorfen, and applied postemergence to Ipomoea hederacea plants. Dichlormid had no visible effects on the plants when applied alone, but interacted synergistically with the herbicides in the combination treatments. Dichlormid strongly decreased the ascorbic acid levels in the Ipomoea hederacea cotyledons. Ascorbate is known to protect plant tissue from photooxidative damage. The herbicides which interacted synergistically with dichlormid are believed to generate their phytotoxic action via the production of excess singlet oxygen. It is suggested that the decreased ascorbate levels in the Ipomoea hederacea cotyledons after dichlormid treatment result in an impaired singlet oxygen scavenging system and consequently lead to increased plant damage in the presence of singlet oxygen generating herbicides.
Chiral Iridium(III) Complexes in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Exploring the Impact of Stereochemistry on the Photophysical Properties and Device Performances (2016)

Despite hundreds of cationic bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes having been explored as emitters for light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs), uniformly their composition has been in the form of a racemic mixture of Λ and Δ enantiomers. The investigation of LEECs using enantiopure iridium(III) emitters, however, remains unprecedented. Herein, we report the preparation, the crystal structures, and the optoelectronic properties of two families of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of the form of [(C^N)<sub>2</sub>Ir(dtBubpy)]PF<sub>6</sub> (where dtBubpy is 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) in both their racemic and enantiopure configurations. LEEC devices using Λ and Δ enantiomers as well as the racemic mixture of both families have been prepared, and the device performances were tested. Importantly, different solid-state photophysical properties exist between enantiopure and racemic emitters, which are also reflected in the device performances.
Assessment of Large-Vessel Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET: Introducing an ROC-Analysis–Based Cutoff Ratio (2008)

The (18)F-FDG PET region-of-interest analysis with aorta-to-liver maximal standardized uptake value ratios is a reliable, investigator-independent indicator of GCA not affected by minor inflammation-associated changes in hepatic metabolism. Our results for a cutoff ratio of 1.0 prove that (18)F-FDG PET is a method of high sensitivity and specificity for GCA-related large-vessel inflammation.
Nonlinear strain-displacement relations and flexible multibody dynamics (1989)

Dynamics of chains of flexible bodies undergoing large rigid body motions, but small elastic deflections are considered. The role of nonlinear strain-displacement relations in the development of the motion equations correct to first order in elastic deflections is investigated. The general form of these equations linearized only in the small elastic deflections is presented, and the relative significance of various nonlinear terms is studied both analytically and through the use of the numerical simulations. Numerical simulations are performed for a two link chain constrained to move in the plane, subject to hinge torques. Each link is modeled as a thin beam. Slew maneuver simulation results are compared for models with and without properly modeled kinematics of deformation. The goal of this case study is to quantify the importance of the terms in the equations of motion which arise from the inclusion of nonlinear strain-displacement relations. It is concluded that unless the consistently linearized equations in elastic deflections and speeds are available and necessary, the inconsistently (prematurely) linearized equations should be replaced in all cases by ruthlessly linearized equations: equations in which all nonlinear terms involving the elastic deflections and speeds are ignored.
The Comfstat - automatically sensing thermal comfort for smart thermostats (2017)

Current smart thermostats aim to increase the efficiency of heating and cooling systems by adjusting the temperature whenever the conditioned zone becomes empty. However, targeting energy savings, these systems often fail to achieve a comfortable thermal environment for the inhabitants. We propose to increase thermal comfort by automatically monitoring the inhabitants' satisfaction with the thermal environment using commodity hardware. To this end we designed the Comfstat infrastructure and publish detailed temperature and heart-rate data of seven users of the system to the community. Using this data we show that thermal comfort can be inferred automatically from a combination of sensor data within 0.5 points on the ASHRAE scale.
The Neurobiology of Dopamine Signaling (2004)

The brain contains 2 major groups of dopamine neurons. One is located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamic median eminence and is involved in neuroendocrine regulation. The other, which is the subject of this article, is located in the ventral mesencephalon and projects to the forebrain. Although dopamine neurons are few (<1/100 000 brain neurons), they play an important role in regulating several aspects of basic brain function. They are necessary for the normal tasks of the regions they innervate, including motor behavior, motivation, and working memory. Dopamine neurons are also a central element in the brain reward system that controls the learning of many behaviors. Disappearance of nigrostriatal neurons results in Parkinson disease, whereas blockade of dopamine receptors has therapeutic effects in psychosis. Finally, artificial increase in dopamine transmission is the common mechanism of action of drugs of abuse that leads to addiction. Understanding how dopamine works is a major goal of neurobiology. Much progress has been accomplished in identifying the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie the immediate actions of dopamine and account for its long-term effects on brain properties. Recent findings allow us to identify molecules that may represent future therapeutic targets in neurology and psychiatry.
The LIGA technique and its potential for microsystems (2002)

The LIGA technique, which is an X-ray lithographic electrodeposition molding process, was developed at the Nuclear Research Centre Karlsruhe. Unlike in the silicon-based technology, the source material is an X-ray sensitive plastic layer of several hundred micrometers thickness which is directly polymerized onto a metallic base plate. The pattern of a mask is transferred into the thick resist layer by means of highly parallel, high intensity synchrotron radiation at a characteristic wavelength of 0.2 to 0.6 nm. Due to breakage in the long chains of molecules the irradiated areas change their chemical stability and can be dissolved with a suitable developer. Techniques involving microelectrodeposition can be used to build up a complementary structure of metal. With the metal structure so generated, almost any number of copies made of plastic can be reproduced with a high accuracy in detail and at relatively little cost using injection molding, reaction injection molding or embossing techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracavity Tripling of Diode-Pumped Nd:YVO4 at High Q-Switch Repetition Rates. (1996)

Recent work [1] has demonstrated third harmonic generation of the nominally 1 micron output from Nd:Host materials operated in high repetition-rate Q-switched cavities. Relatively narrow fundamental pulse widths (10-20 ns) and non-critically phase-matched (NCPM) Type I doubling in LBO (150 deg. C phase match temperature) and Type II angle-tuned tripling permits good conversion efficiencies. In the present work, we describe third harmonic generation at 355 nm from intracavity-tripled, diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 utilizing an angle-tuned, room-temperature LBO doubler and tripler, and operated at high repetition rates with improved efficiency. An average UV power of over 2 Watts at 30 KHz and 1 watt at 100 KHz is typically obtained with a 20 Watt SDL CW diode array “bar” side-pumping a 1% Nd:YVO4 slab.
The Evolution of Artificial Heart Valves (1991)

The first successful totally artificial device to replace a cardiac valve was implanted in the aortic-valve position by Dr. Dwight Harken in March 1960 at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston.1 Shortly thereafter, Dr. Nina Braunwald, at the National Institutes of Health, performed a total mitral-valve replacement with an artificial valve.2 Harken's caged-ball device and Braunwald's flexible-leaflet valve were primitive as compared with today's artificial valves. In the ensuing years, numerous modifications of existing valves were made and ingenious new valves were introduced to address specific deficiencies identified in earlier devices during clinical use. I will briefly summarize the . . .
Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2007)

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements (Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb) in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCI. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCI and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 μg·g−1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.
Electric Load Forecasting using Scatter Search Based Weighted Average Weather Conditions (2006)

This paper proposes an electric load forecasting method using scatter search based weighted average weather conditions. We have developed electric power load forecasting methods using weather information at Nagoya city. For high accuracy of forecasting, input-output correlations of forecasting system must be improved using weather information of other areas. In this paper, weighted average weather information at many cities is utilized for realizing high accuracy of load forecasting. The weight rates are optimized for the highest correlation between weighted average weather information and electric power demands by scatter search. The simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method.
8-inch wafer-scale HfO<inf>x</inf>-based RRAM for 1S-1R cross-point memory applications (2014)

In this paper, a bipolar resistive random access memory (RRAM) device with a fab-friendly materials stack (TiN/Ti/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN) and process in a via-hole substrate with 200 nm cell size was successfully demonstrated on an 8-inch wafer scale. Furthermore, the robust device characteristics with reliable switching uniformity and stability were experimentally confirmed at the wafer level. Finally, from the standpoint of array architecture, the fabricated memory cell was evaluated with various selector devices such as a conventional silicon-based transistor and a newly developed tunneling-based diode device.
Early and reversible neuropathology induced by tetracycline-regulated lentiviral overexpression of mutant huntingtin in rat striatum (2003)

The ability to overexpress full-length huntingtin or large fragments represents an important challenge to mimic Huntington's pathology and reproduce all stages of the disease in a time frame compatible with rodent life span. In the present study, tetracycline-regulated lentiviral vectors leading to high expression levels were used to accelerate the pathological process. Rats were simultaneously injected with vectors coding for the transactivator and wild type (WT) or mutated huntingtin (TRE-853-19Q/82Q) in the left and right striatum, respectively, and analyzed in the 'on' and 'off' conditions. Overexpression of TRE-853-19Q protein or residual expression of TRE-853-82Q in 'off' condition did not cause any significant neuronal pathology. Overexpressed TRE-853-82Q protein led to proteolytic release of N-terminal htt fragments, nuclear aggregation, and a striatal dysfunction as revealed by decrease of DARPP-32 staining but absence of NeuN down-regulation. The differential effect on the DARPP-32/NeuN neuronal staining was observed as early as 1 month after injection and maintained at 3 months. In contrast, expression of a shorter htt form (htt171-82Q) did not require processing prior formation of nuclear aggregates and caused decrease of both DARPP-32 and NeuN neuronal markers at one month post-injection suggesting that polyQ pathology may be dependent on protein context. Finally, the reversibility of the pathology was assessed. Huntingtin expression was turn 'on' for 1 month and then shut 'off' for 2 months. Recovery of DARPP-32 immunoreactivity and clearance of huntingtin aggregates were observed in animals treated with doxycycline. These results suggest that a tetracycline-regulated system may be particularly attractive to model Huntington's disease and induce early and reversible striatal neuropathology in vivo.
Androgen receptor‐related diseases: what do we know? (2016)

The androgen receptor (AR) and the androgen-AR signaling pathway play a significant role in male sexual differentiation and the development and function of male reproductive and non-reproductive organs. Because of AR's widely varied and important roles, its abnormalities have been identified in various diseases such as androgen insensitivity syndrome, spinal bulbar muscular atrophy, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer. This review provides an overview of the function of androgens and androgen-AR mediated diseases. In addition, the diseases delineated above are discussed with respect to their association with mutations and other post-transcriptional modifications in the AR. Finally, we present an introduction to the potential therapeutic application of most recent pharmaceuticals including miRNAs in prostate cancer that specifically target the transactivation function of the AR at post-transcriptional stages.
Affective haptic garment enhancing communication in second life (2009)

Driven by the motivation to enhance emotionally immersive experience of communication in Second Life, we propose a conceptually novel approach to reinforcing own feelings and reproducing the communicating partner's emotions through affective garment, iFeel_IM!. The emotions detected from text are stimulated by innovative haptic devices integrated into iFeel_IM!.
Usiigaci: Instance-aware cell tracking in stain-free phase contrast microscopy enabled by machine learning (2019)

Stain-free, single-cell segmentation and tracking is tantamount to the holy grail of microscopic cell migration analysis. Phase contrast microscopy (PCM) images with cells at high density are notoriously difficult to segment accurately; thus, manual segmentation remains the de facto standard practice. In this work, we introduce Usiigaci, an all-in-one, semi-automated pipeline to segment, track, and visualize cell movement and morphological changes in PCM. Stain-free, instance-aware segmentation is accomplished using a mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN). A Trackpy-based cell tracker with a graphical user interface is developed for cell tracking and data verification. The performance of Usiigaci is validated with electrotaxis of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Usiigaci provides highly accurate cell movement and morphological information for quantitative cell migration analysis. Keywords: Phase contrast microscopy, Instance-aware segmentation, Machine learning, Convolutional neural network, Stain-free cell tracking, Single-cell migration
Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching (2012)

A low-voltage, high-transmittance, hysteresis-free, and submillisecond-response polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) display with vertical field switching (VFS) and oblique incident light is demonstrated. In the VFS mode, the electric field is in longitudinal direction and is uniform. By using a thin cell gap and a large oblique incident angle, the operation voltage is significantly reduced which plays a key role to eliminate hysteresis and residual birefringence. The VFS mode is a strong contender for the emerging BPLC display and photonic devices.
Complex and composite objects in CAD/CAM databases (2003)

It is shown that the concept of interfaces and the concept of composite objects are based on the same mechanism, an instance inheritance relationship. This relationship is integrated into an object-oriented data model which represents interfaces and composite objects in an easy way. The concept of interfaces is generalized to an abstraction mechanism. This allows some severe drawbacks of a rigid interface concept to be eliminated and generic component relationships to be needed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An access control approach for privacy-preserving passive network monitoring (2009)

Passive network monitoring is very useful for the operation, maintenance, control and protection of communication networks, while in certain cases it provides the authorities with the means for law enforcement. Nevertheless, the flip side of passive network monitoring activities is that they are natively surrounded by serious privacy implications. In this paper, an innovative approach for privacy-preserving access control to data originating from passive network monitoring is described. The proposed framework relies on an ontological model for the specification of the access control policies, which are evaluated and enforced on a two-phase and two-stage basis by a system that intercedes between the network link and the monitoring applications. The two stages refer to controlled access regarding both the data that are disclosed to the monitoring application from the mediating system and the raw data that the mediator retrieves from the network link. On the other hand, the two phases concern respectively the execution of ¿static¿ and ¿dynamic¿ control; the former enforces the rules that are a priori applicable, grounded on the data, role and purpose semantics, while the latter evaluates the real-time ¿privacy context¿ for the adaptation of the access control procedures to the particular conditions underlying a request.