gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Fluconazole in the Treatment of Candidal Endophthalmitis (1995)

Candidal endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening ocular infection that most frequently occurs as a complication of candidemia. While amphotericin B is considered the gold standard for the treatment of most invasive fungal infections, the optimal management of candidal endophthalmitis has not been determined. Fluconazole, a triazole antifungal agent, has been shown to be effective in the management of a number of invasive fungal infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. We describe the clinical features and outcomes for six patients with candidal endophthalmitis who were treated with fluconazole at our institutions, and we review 21 additional cases reported in the English-language literature. In total, fluconazole has been used as the sole therapy for candidal endophthalmitis in 14 patients; 16 eyes were infected. Endophthalmitis was cured in 15 of 16 eyes (94%), including five infections that were complicated by vitreitis. Successful treatment required the administration of fluconazole (100-200 mg po) daily for approximately 2 months. In addition, fluconazole has been used in combination with pars plana vitrectomy for the successful treatment of four cases of candidal endophthalmitis that were complicated by moderate to severe vitreitis. Fluconazole appears to be a safe and effective alternative or addition to conventional treatments for the management of candidal endophthalmitis. Prospective evaluation is required to more clearly define the role of this antifungal agent in the management of ocular infections due to Candida species.
Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum sp. nov., an Anaerobic and Thermotolerant Facultative Alkaliphile (1994)

An anaerobic and thermophilic alkaliphile, strain JW/YL23-2T (T = type strain), was isolated from sewage sludge obtained from a sewage plant in Atlanta, Ga. At pH 10.1 and 50 degrees C, the doubling time of this strain was 19 min. Strain JW/YL23-2T, a motile rod-shaped bacterium with 2 to 12 peritrichous flagella, exhibited a negative Gram stain reaction but was gram-type positive as judged by the polymyxin B test. No heat-stable (85 degrees C, 15 min) endospores were detected. At 50 degrees C, growth occurred at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 11.0; the optimum pH was 9.6 to 10.1. The temperature range for growth ranged from 27 to 57.5 degrees C; the optimum temperature was 48 to 51 degrees C (pH 10.1). Dissimilatory sulfate reduction was not detected. The organism utilized glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, and Casamino Acids. The DNA G+C content was 32 mol% (as determined by chemical analysis). A 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed a 2% inferred evolutionary distance to Clostridium paradoxum. However, the cell wall type of strain JW/YL23-2T was A4 beta (L-Orn-D-Asp), while that of C. paradoxum was A1 tau (m-diaminopimelic acid direct). On the basis of the alkaline pH values and high temperatures for optimal growth, the inability to form spores, and other characteristics different from C. paradoxum characteristics, strain JW/YL-23-2 was placed in a new species, Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum; JW/YL23-2 (= DSM 7309) is the type strain of this new species.
Bacterial Oxidation of Pyritic Materials in Coal (1961)

Applicability of the manometric method for studying the oxidation of pyritic material in the presence of bacteria has been demonstrated. Resting cells of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans accelerated the oxidation of coal pyrites and coarsely crystalline marcasite, but were inactive on coarsely crystalline pyrite. Resting cells of Thiobacillus thiooxidans were inactive on all pyrites tested. Oxidation rates in the presence of Ferrobacillus were increased by reducing the particle size of pyritic samples, and, in one case, by removing the CaCO(3) from a calcite-containing sample.
Product and Production Process Modeling and Configuration (2013)

Product configuration systems are an emerging technology that supports companies in deploying mass customization strategies. Such strategies need to cover the management of the whole customizable product cycle. Adding process modeling and configuration features to a product configurator may improve its ability to assist mass customization development. In this paper, we describe a modeling framework, PRODPROC, that allows one to model both a product and its production process. We first introduce our framework by describing how configurable products are modeled. Then, we describe the main features and capabilities offered to model production processes and to link them with the corresponding products models. The configuration task (namely, the procedure that, from a configurable object/activity generates a configured product/process) is then analyzed. We also outline a possible CSP-based implementation of a configurator. A comparison with some of the existing systems for product configuration and process modeling emphasizes that none of the considered system/tools offers the complete set of features supported by PRODPROC for interdependent product and process modeling/configuration.
Large Scale Full-Length cDNA Sequencing Reveals a Unique Genomic Landscape in a Lepidopteran Model Insect, <i>Bombyx mori</i> (2013)

The establishment of a complete genomic sequence of silkworm, the model species of Lepidoptera, laid a foundation for its functional genomics. A more complete annotation of the genome will benefit functional and comparative studies and accelerate extensive industrial applications for this insect. To realize these goals, we embarked upon a large-scale full-length cDNA collection from 21 full-length cDNA libraries derived from 14 tissues of the domesticated silkworm and performed full sequencing by primer walking for 11,104 full-length cDNAs. The large average intron size was 1904 bp, resulting from a high accumulation of transposons. Using gene models predicted by GLEAN and published mRNAs, we identified 16,823 gene loci on the silkworm genome assembly. Orthology analysis of 153 species, including 11 insects, revealed that among three Lepidoptera including Monarch and Heliconius butterflies, the 403 largest silkworm-specific genes were composed mainly of protective immunity, hormone-related, and characteristic structural proteins. Analysis of testis-/ovary-specific genes revealed distinctive features of sexual dimorphism, including depletion of ovary-specific genes on the Z chromosome in contrast to an enrichment of testis-specific genes. More than 40% of genes expressed in specific tissues mapped in tissue-specific chromosomal clusters. The newly obtained FL-cDNA sequences enabled us to annotate the genome of this lepidopteran model insect more accurately, enhancing genomic and functional studies of Lepidoptera and comparative analyses with other insect orders, and yielding new insights into the evolution and organization of lepidopteran-specific genes.
[Titration of an effective positive pressure level in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndromes using continuous positive pressure ventilation]. (2000)

The efficacy of continuous airway positive pressure ventilation with a nasal mask mainly depends on the appropriateness of the effective positive pressure level. Conventionally, this level is determined from polysomnographic recordings using progressively increasing pressure levels to determine the point where episodes of apnea, hypopnea and snoring regress in all sleep phases and in all body positions. Since the first description of this method, many other titration methods have been proposed. Some use sophisticated signals such as the analysis of respiratory exertion level or limitation of inspiratory flow to provide a more precise titration which is particularly useful in cases where the classical titration method is insufficiently effective. Inversely, simplified methods have been examined from an economic point of view. These methods do not require the presence of a technician in a specialized laboratory where the waiting list for diagnostic tests is often long. Recordings during naps or short nights have been proposed for the more severe cases. Likewise titrations during simple polygraphy recordings or with an autoCPAP device have been shown to be effective in one-night laboratory recordings. Much work remains to be done to determine the effectiveness of these methods when used in the patient's home as well the long-term effects.
Growth Activity of Bovid Herpesvirus 1 in Bovine Follicular Oocytes with Cumulus Cells. (1992)

Bovine follicular oocytes collected from bovine ovaries were exposed to bovid herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). After washings, these oocytes were cultured to mature. As a result BHV-1 could not be removed from the oocytes and could replicate in the oocytes with cumulus cells, but not in the oocytes without the cells. Moreover, the specific fluorescence for BHV-1 was detected in the cumulus cells by a indirect immunofluorescent technique. Therefore these findings suggested BHV-1 could be absorbed in the oocytes but the replication of BHV-1 was done in the cumulus cells.
Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy and the Brain (2010)

Photodynamic techniques such as photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), fluorescence-guided tumour resection (FGR) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently undergoing intensive clinical investigations as adjuvant treatment for malignant brain tumours. The following chapter provides an overview on the current clinical data and trials of PDT as well as photosensitizers, technical developments and indications for photodynamic application in neurosurgery. Besides many clinical phase I/II trials for PDT for malignant brain tumours, there are only few controlled clinical trials following tumour resection. Variations in treatment protocols, variation of photosensitizers and light dose make the evaluation scientifically difficult; however there is a clear trend towards prolonging median survival after one single photodynamic treatment as compared to standard therapeutic regimens. According to the meta analysis the median survival after PDT for primary glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV) was 22 months and for recurrent GBM was 9 months as compared to standard conventional treatment, in which it is 15 and 3 months, respectively. Fluorescence-guided resection of the tumour demonstrated significant greater reduction of tumour burden. The combination of PDD/ FGR and intraoperative PDT ("to see and to treat") offers an exciting approach to the treatment of malignant brain tumours. PDT was generally well tolerated and side effects consisted of occasionally increased intracranial pressure and prolonged skin sensitivity against direct sunlight.
Testicular and ovarian gonocytes from 20-day incubated chicken embryos contribute to germline lineage after transfer into bloodstream of recipient embryos (2007)

The present study was conducted to elucidate whether testicular and ovarian gonocytes obtained from 20-day incubated chicken embryos (stage 45) have the ability to migrate to the germinal ridges and contribute to germline lineage after transfer into the bloodstream of recipient embryos. Testicular and ovarian gonocytes were first identified as relatively large cells in a population of gonadal cells. The proportions of testicular and ovarian gonocytes in the total gonadal cells were 0.94 and 0.75% respectively, recognised as chicken vasa homologue-positive cells. Then, the dissociated gonadal cells obtained from 20-day incubated embryos containing testicular or ovarian gonocytes, with or without transfection, were transferred into recipient embryos. Expression of the introduced GFP gene was observed in the gonads of 6.5-day cultured recipient embryos (stage 30) in males and females, suggesting that the transferred testicular and ovarian gonocytes have the ability to migrate to the germinal ridges and enter the gonads. Furthermore, the presence of the donor-derived DNA was detected in the gonads of 20-day cultured recipient embryos in males and females, and also in the sperm samples obtained from the hatched male putative chimaeric chickens, suggesting that the transferred testicular and ovarian gonocytes were incorporated into the germline of chimaeric embryos and chickens. It is concluded that testicular and ovarian gonocytes obtained from 20-day incubated embryos have the ability to migrate to the germinal ridges after transfer into the bloodstream of recipient embryos, enter the gonads and contribute to the germline lineage of chimaeric embryos and chickens.
Vascular complications after balloon and new device angioplasty. (1993)

Vascular complications developed more frequently after new device angioplasty than after balloon angioplasty, with the risk for vascular complications directly related to the degree of periprocedural anticoagulation.
Expression and Role of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells during Recovery from ATP Depletion (1999)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP) is widely expressed in normal fetal and adult tissues and regulates growth and differentiation in a number of organ systems. Although various renal cell types produce PTHrP, and PTHrP expression in rat proximal renal tubules is upregulated in response to ischemic injury in vivo, the role of PTHrP in the kidney is unknown. To study the effects of injury on PTHrP expression and its consequences in more detail, the immortalized human proximal tubule cell line HK-2 was used in an in vitro model of ATP depletion to mimic in vivo renal ischemic injury. These cells secrete PTHrP into conditioned medium and express the type I PTH/PTHrP receptor. Treatment of confluent HK-2 cells for 2 h with substrate-free, glucose-free medium containing the mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A (1 microM) resulted in 75% depletion of cellular ATP. After an additional 2 h in glucose-containing medium, cellular ATP levels recovered to approximately 75% of baseline levels. PTHrP mRNA levels, as measured in RNase protection assays, peaked at 2 h into the recovery period (at four times baseline expression). The increase in PTHrP mRNA expression was correlated with an increase in PTHrP protein content in HK-2 cells at 2 to 6 h into the recovery period. Heat shock protein-70 mRNA expression was not detectable under baseline conditions but likewise peaked at 2 h into the recovery period. Treatment of HK-2 cells during the recovery period after injury with an anti-PTHrP(1-36) antibody (at a dilution of 1:250) resulted in significant reductions in cell number and uptake of [3H]thymidine, compared with nonimmune serum at the same titer. Similar results were observed in uninjured HK-2 cells. It is concluded that this in vitro model of ATP depletion in a human proximal tubule cell line reproduces the pattern of gene expression previously observed in vivo in rat kidney after ischemic injury and that PTHrP plays a mitogenic role in the proliferative response after energy depletion.
Euclides da Cunha, Os Sertões e Canudos (2000)

A divisao interna da obra e fruto da influencia sofrida por Euclides pelo historiador frances Taine, que formulou (...) a concepcao naturalista da historia ? teoria defensora de uma historia determinada por tres fatores: meio, raca e momento. Tal concepcao naturalista foi seguida pelo autor ao dividir ?Os Sertoes? em tres partes correspondentes aos fatores de Taine: ?A Terra?, ?O Homem? e ?A Luta? .
Kinetic study of the fast step of the alkaline hydrolysis of p‐chloranil using stopped flow technique (1997)

The alkaline hydrolysis of p-chloranil or 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (C6Cl4O2, Q) was studied, using stopped flow spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance techniques (E.S.R.). In the present study it was shown for the first time, that a free radical is produced chemically and that it can account for the propagation of the reaction. It was found that in alkaline conditions chloranil in a “Michael” fashion undergoes 1,2 addition being hydrolyzed and in turn produces a chloranil free radical (Q•) The hydrolysis then proceeds via a number of intermediates yielded by this radical and a number of different products is formed. The formation of these products, both quantitatively and qualitatively has a strong dependence on the concentration of the OH− species and chloranil. The various possible routes of the hydrolysis are studied either spectrophotometrically or by E.S.R. Two different intermediates are observed absorbing at 426 nm and at 540 nm, respectively. Each species was formed and destroyed within 10 s to 30 min depending on the exact conditions. The reaction rate constants for the formation and the decay of the intermediates was estimated using the Guggenheim method. At both wavelengths the rate constants seem to have a complex relation to the concentration of the anion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 385–391, 1997
Exploring semiconductor substrates for silicene epitaxy (2013)

We have carried out first-principles density functional theory based calculations on electronic properties of silicene monolayer on various (111) semi-conducting surfaces. We find that the relative stability and other properties of the silicene overlayer depend sensitively on whether the interacting top layer of the substrate is metal or non-metal terminated. The nature of silicene-monolayer on the metal terminated surface can be metallic or even magnetic, depending upon the choice of the substrate. The silicene overlayer undergoes n-type doping on metal terminated surface while it undergoes p-type doping on nonmetal terminated surfaces of the semiconductor substrates.
Advances on III-V on Silicon DBR and DFB Lasers for WDM Optical Interconnects and Associated Heterogeneous Integration 200mm-Wafer-Scale Technology (2014)

In the absence of practically efficient lasers achievable directly in Silicon or other group IV materials, Si-photonic transmitter sources must be made by "Hybrid integration" of III-V chips or "Heterogeneous integration" with III-V gain materials. "Hybrid integration" technologies consist in integrating processed (and finished) chips in a photonic microsystem. One commercial solution (from LUXTERA) makes use of a InP-bulk- processed laser-chip [3]. The laser chip is attached to the PIC, and its light is coupled into the PIC- waveguide by means of a lens, followed by an optical isolator, and a mirror for directing the light to a surface grating coupler in the Si-PIC. Other approaches (from KOTURA/ORACLE) consist in but-coupling a III-V- semiconductor reflective-SOA to the PIC-3µm- thick-Si-waveguide that comprises a Bragg-mirror for defining the laser cavity [4]. This forms an external-cavity DBR laser, with reported Waveguide-Coupled Wall-Plug-Efficiencies (WC-WPE) for the uncooled lasers of up to 9.5% at powers of 6 mW. In spite of the good demonstrated performances, this solution requires an accurate alignment between the R-SOA and the Si-PIC, limiting the capability for a low cost fabrication. As a more economical route that we opted for, "Heterogeneous integration" technologies were proposed [5], [6] together with new laser architectures. An InP-wafer having the III-V-gain- layers grown on top is bonded with loose alignment requirements (~50µm), the III-V gain-layers facing down to the bottom Silicon-On- Insulator (SOI) wafer on which silicon waveguides are pre- processed. In a more economical route, the InP-substrate having the laser III-V-gain- layers on top is first diced, and the dies are bonded where needed. Then the InP-substrate is removed, and the laser process is continued on the remaining III-V gain epi-layers, in a regular wafer level process flow. Putting the expensive III-V-gain material only where needed saves on cost. In addition to lower cost, photonic integration promises improved reliability and performances and reduced footprints over discrete components systems. This paper will report on our recent advances on both, 1) the developed III-V on Silicon lasers (DBR and DFB types) built up from heterogeneous integration, and, 2) the development of the integration technology for processing the lasers on 200mm-wafers, with industrial CMOS tools at very low cost.
Component Synthesis Method for Transient Response of Nonproportionally Damped Structures (2010)

A component synthesis technique for calculating the transient response of nonproportionally damped structures is presented in this paper. The structure can be composed of nonproportionally damped components or proportionally damped components with different damping factors, and the components are joined by connecting elements at their boundaries. In the synthesis technique, the transient responses of the nonproportionally damped components are defined by a newly developed direct integration method, which keeps the analytical solution of the mode displacement superposition method for the proportionally damped structure with the interpolation of excitation forces as the input. The structural responses are obtained based on the geometric compatibility and the force equilibrium conditions of the connecting elements. The proposed method is most suitable for the recalculation of structural responses induced by modification of the connecting elements. Numerical examples are given to validate the correctness and to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Genomic organization of the mouse granzyme A gene. Two mRNAs encode the same mature granzyme A with different leader peptides. (1992)

Granzyme A is a serine protease that, together with the other granular components of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells, has been implicated in the cytolysis process. We report here two different messages and the genomic organization of the mouse granzyme A gene. The granzyme A gene is composed of six exons spanning 7 kilobases. Alternative splicing of the second exon results in the two transcripts. The two mRNA species encode the same mature granzyme A protein but with different leader sequences. The first (HF1) encodes a typical leader signal sequence similar to other granzymes, but the second (HF2) putative leader sequence is different and less hydrophobic. Both messages are present in cultured CTL cell lines and in normal lymphoid tissues. They are both induced when CTL cells are activated in vitro or in vivo. Both messages can be translated in vitro, although the HF1 message appears to be much more efficient as a template. The putative 5' promoter region of the HF gene sequenced (500 base pairs of upstream sequences) contains no well defined promoter sequences aside from the TATA box. The results suggest that (a) granzyme A may be produced with putative different leader sequences from two different mRNAs; (b) this may provide a model system for studying alternate splicing and the evolution of a complex enzymatic system in an organelle; and (c) the genomic DNA reported will be useful for studying transcription regulations involved in controlling the specific expression pattern of this gene.
Sticky Traps for Detection and Survey of Three Tephritids13 (1971)

Five types of experimental sticky traps caught more native Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), than a standard 0.95-liter plastic trap when placed in cool leeward areas of Hawaii at an elevation of 366 m. A trap made of a rectangular board (hung vertically) covered with Stikem® and baited with 2 small separate squares of cane fiberboard impregnated with trimedlure or with a layer of trimedlure applied under the Stikem was the most effective. When the traps were placed at windward sea-level sites, 3 of the experimental traps were equal or superior to the standard in 5 tests made with released sterile medflies. Generally, the number of medflies caught was proportional to the rate of volatilization of the trimedlure. With melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, 3 of the experimental sticky traps (baited with cue-lure plus naled as the toxicant) caught more flies than the standard, but 2 (the coffee can and the V-shaped trap) were inferior. With a large population of oriental fruit flies, D. dorsalis Hendel, the same 2 traps and also the rectangular trap (baited with methyl cugenol plus naled) caught fewer flies than the standard, but two, the milk carton and the paired boards, caught as many as the standard.