gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Additive Manufacturing and Physiomimetic Computational Design for Digital Construction (2012)

Abstract The recent adoption of the term additive manufacturing (AM) to describe a broad range of digital ‘layer by layer’ fabrication techniques comes 20 years since its inception and more than 10 years since architectural practices engaged with the technology for making prototypes and models. Soon this technology will join existing CNC subtractive and formative processes within the volume and mass‐market sectors, where design complexity and increased functionality result in competitive advantage. It is also about a decade since researchers proposed additive manufacturing for construction. Rupert Soar and David Andreen introduce here the different construction‐scale additive manufacturing systems currently in development. If linked to physiomimetic computational design strategies, these technologies provide novel possibilities for addressing architecture's manufacturing challenges in the face of energy expenditure, material resources and environmental impact. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and design of LLC resonant converter considering rectifier voltage oscillation (2009)

The LLC resonant converter employing the center-tap rectifier can suffer from high voltage oscillation across the secondary diodes owing to the transformer secondary leakage inductance. The amplitude of the voltage oscillation is varied according to the operation region, i.e., below resonant region and above resonant region. To reduce the diode voltage stress without snubbers, this paper analyzes the voltage oscillation mechanism and presents the design guideline for small voltage oscillation.
Influence of O2 and N2 addition on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Gd-Co amorphous films (1982)

The influence of the introduction of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas into the chamber during deposition on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Gd-Co amorphous films deposited by ion beam sputtering has been investigated. The films deposited without O2 and N2 addition show perpendicular magnetization in the vicinity of compensation composition. However, the perpendicular anisotropy of them is much smaller than that of the films deposited by rf sputtering. When sputtering ion energy, deposition rate, and Ar pressure are 0.5∼3 keV, 19∼30 Å/min, and 8×10−3∼8×10−2 Pa, respectively, the films obtained have almost the same perpendicular anisotropy. On the other hand, the incorporation of oxygen in the films leads to a remarkable increase of perpendicular anisotropy. The films deposited at O2 pressure of 1.6×10−3 Pa have an effective perpendicular anisotropy constant K⊥(K⊥ = Ku-2πMs2) of about 5×105 erg/cm3, where Ku is 1.1×106 erg/cm3. On the contrary, the incorporation of nitrogen decreases the perpendicular anisotropy. The incorporation of oxygen and nitrogen leads to the considerable shift of compensation composition to the Gd rich region and phase separation. These results may be attributable to preferential oxidization and nitrification of Gd.
Photoactive liquid crystalline polymers: A comprehensive study of linear and hyperbranched polymers synthesized by A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>, A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>3</sub>, A<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub>B<sub>3</sub> approaches (2011)

Abstract A series of linear and hyperbranched polyester epoxies, with varied structural parameters such as kinked structure and different dendritic architectures, were synthesized by A 2 + B 2 , A 2 + B 3 , A 3 + B 2 , and A 3 + B 3 approaches. The structures of synthesized monomers and polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The effect of varied structural parameters on phase behavior and photoresponsive properties was investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter, thermal optical polarized microscope, UV–visible spectroscopy, photoviscosity, and refractive index studies. The transition temperatures of hyperbranched polymers were higher than that of the corresponding linear analogues. All the polymers showed nematic phase (nematic droplets) over a broad temperature range. The effect of kinked structural unit on photoresponsive property is less in both linear and hyperbranched architectures. Although the effect of architectural nature is highly considerable within the hyperbranched architectures, the polymer (HPE–33) synthesized by A 3 + B 3 approach showed highest rate of photocrosslinking, followed by HPE–I 32; HPE–T 32, and HPE–23, which were synthesized by A 3 + B 2 and A 2 + B 3 approaches, respectively. The findings in photoresponsive properties were further supported by molecular modeling studies. Substantial variation of refractive index (0.015–0.024) indicates that these polymers could be used for optical recording. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Metafluidic metamaterial: a review (2018)

10.1080/23746149.2017.1417055
Shaped dual-offset antenna with electric cone feed for DBS reception (1985)

A dual-offset reflector with a foam dielectrics cone feed and a shaped subreflector is described. The antenna is designed to receive signals from direct broadcast satellites. It combines a compact design with a relatively high efficiency and low sidelobes. The paper describes the theoretical design procedure, including the shaping of the subreflector which corrects for distortions introduced by the dielectric cone. A 12 GHz model is described which has been built and successfully tested.
Introduction (1996)

Caring for dependent older people has rapidly gained visibility as a major social policy issue for the 1990s. In the changed socio-economic and political context of the postmodern world, devising appropriate and acceptable responses to the needs of ageing populations is a crucial challenge. The twentieth century has seen a remarkable increase in longevity in advanced industrial societies. Life expectancy at birth rose by over 28 years for females and 24 years for males between 1900 and 1980 in OECD countries (OECD, 1988a: 12,14); populations aged as falling mortality and fertility rates led to increasing proportions of older people. The proportion of people aged over 65 in the populations of OECD countries is projected to have doubled from an average of below 10 per cent in 1950 to over 20 per cent in 2050 (OECD, 1994a: 37).
High-Speed Resonant Cavity Enhanced Schottky Photodiodes (1997)

Design, fabrication and testing of a GaAs-based highspeed resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) Schottky photodiode is reported. The top-illuminated RCE detector is constructed by integrating a Schottky contact, a thin absorption region (In0.08Ga0.92As) and a distributed AlAs/GaAs Bragg mirror. The Schottky contact metal serves as a high reflectivity top mirror in the RCE detector structure. The devices were fabricated by using a microwave-compatible fabrication process. The resulting spectral photoresponse had a resonance around 895 nm, in good agreement with our simulations. The full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) was 15 nm, and the enhancement factor was in excess of 6. The photodiode had an experimental set-up limited temporal response of 18 psec FWHM, corresponding to a 3-dB bandwidth of 20 GHz.
Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma: A Review of Current Evidence (2014)

The treatment of advanced melanoma has been revolutionised in recent years with the advent of a range of new therapies. BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, have demonstrated improvements in the overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma that harbour a BRAF V600 mutation. Alongside these targeted therapies, novel immune-checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab, have also been developed and have produced similarly improved outcomes for patients. For the first time in the history of melanoma, monotherapy with each of these drugs has produced improvements in the overall survival of patients with advanced disease. Building on this initial success, there has been intense interest in developing combination therapies predominantly with either dual blockade of the MAPK oncogenic pathway or dual immune-checkpoint blockade. The current evidence for the use of these combination therapies will be presented here.
Mobility Device Use in Older Adults and Incidence of Falls and Worry About Falling: Findings from the 2011–2012 National Health and Aging Trends Study (2015)

The percentage of older adults reporting mobility device use is higher than results from previous national surveys, and multiple device use is common in those who use any device. Mobility device use is not associated with greater incidence of falls. Cane-only users may compensate for worry about falling by limiting activity.
An Efficient Lossless Compression Algorithm for Tiny Nodes of Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Energy is a primary constraint in the design and deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since sensor nodes are typically powered by batteries with a limited capacity. Energy efficiency is generally achieved by reducing radio communication, for instance, limiting transmission/reception of data. Data compression can be a valuable tool in this direction. The limited resources available in a sensor node demand, however, the development of specifically designed compression algorithms. In this paper, we propose a simple lossless entropy compression (LEC) algorithm which can be implemented in a few lines of code, requires very low computational power, compresses data on the fly and uses a very small dictionary whose size is determined by the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter. We have evaluated the effectiveness of LEC by compressing four temperature and relative humidity data sets collected by real WSNs, and solar radiation, seismic and ECG data sets. We have obtained compression ratios up to 70.81% and 62.08% for temperature and relative humidity data sets, respectively, and of the order of 70% for the other data sets. Then, we have shown that LEC outperforms two specifically designed compression algorithms for WSNs. Finally, we have compared LEC with gzip, bzip2, rar, classical Huffman and arithmetic encodings.
A 15-Gb/s 2.4-V Optical Receiver Using a Ge-on-SOI Photodiode and a CMOS IC (2006)

We report the fastest (15 Gb/s) and lowest voltage (2.4V) all-silicon-based optical receiver to date. The receiver consists of a lateral, interdigitated, germanium-on-silicon-on-insulator (Ge-on-SOI) photodiode wire-bonded to a 0.13-mum complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) receiver integrated circuit (IC). The photodiode has an external quantum efficiency of 52% at lambda=850 nm and a dark current of 10 nA at -2 V. The small-signal transimpedance of the receiver is 91-dBOmega and the bandwidth is 6.6 GHz. At a bit-error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> and lambda=850 nm; the receiver exhibits sensitivities of -11.0, -9.6, and -7.4 dBm at 12.5, 14, and 15 Gb/s, respectively. The receiver operates error-free at rates up to 10 Gb/s with an IC supply voltage as low as 1.5 V and with a photodiode bias as low as 0.5 V. The power consumption is 3 to 7 mW/Gb/s. The Ge-on-SOI photodiode is well suited for integration with CMOS processing, raising the possibility of producing high-performance, low-voltage, monolithically integrated receivers based on this technology in the future
Unique and Potent Tumor Specific Antibodies in Graft Versus Leukemia Responses (2014)

Abstract Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk malignancy with a poor prognosis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be curative if it induces a potent graft versus leukemia (GvL) response. GvL responses and graft versus host disease (GvHD) are typically considered T cell mediated, because T cell depletion from hematopoietic stem cell grafts reduces the risk of GvHD at the cost of leukemia relapse. In addition, depletion of B-lymphocytes with rituximab has led to amelioration of GvHD in a number of studies suggesting that B cells are also important in the pathophysiology of GvHD and, in analogy, in GvL responses. However, the characteristics of the antibodies produced by these leukemic specific B cells have not yet been studied. Methods We selected three patients with high-risk myelomonocytic leukemia who remained disease free years after allogeneic HSCT, from whom we established clonal human B cell lines, using a unique and innovative technology that was developed in our laboratory (Kwakkenbos ea, Nat Med 2010). These B cell lines, that concomitantly express immunoglobulin on their membranes and secrete antibodies, were used to select antibodies specific for cell surface antigens on AML cell lines with similar morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics as the patients’ leukemic blasts, using a FACS based assay. Results From each patient, several AML specific B cell clones were retrieved. Their antibodies recognized surface antigens on primary AML blasts derived from multiple patients and on AML cell lines, but not on healthy bone marrow, peripheral blood mononuclear cells or tissues such as liver, skin and colon. The majority of the antibodies were of the IgG3 isotype. Approximately 40% of the AML-specific antibodies induced direct death of cultured AML cell lines and of primary AML blasts. The cell death pathway induced by these cytotoxic antibodies was oncotic rather than apoptotic. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that high-risk AML patients with a potent GvL response mount robust antibody responses against surface antigens that are specifically expressed on tumor cells and binding of these antibodies induces direct cell death. The targets recognized by the recovered antibodies are also expressed on leukemic blast from other patients suggesting evidence for a common immune mechanism responsible for AML clearance. Our findings suggest that antibody responses are important in GvL and open up new ventures for specific antibody treatment of AML patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Therapeutic applications of prostaglandins (1993)

Essential fatty acids and prostaglandins - an introductory overview, Erik Anggard / Rod Flower. Prostanoid receptors: their function and classification Robert A Coleman / Patrick P A Humphrey. Metabolism and toxicology of the prostaglandins, Jacqueline G Hanss & Graham W Taylor. Prostaglandins - analogues and mimetics, Bernd Buchman & Ulrich Klar & Hartmut Rehwinkell & Helmut Vorbrueggen. Dietry manipulation of prostaglandin synthesis in man, Steen Dalby Krisensen. & Jorn Dyerberg. Prostaglandins for termination of pregnancy, Marc Bygdentan. Prostaglandins for cervical ripening induction labour, A A Calder/ M G Elder. Prostaglandins in erectile dysfunction, Otto L. Linet. Postaglandins in management of gastroduodenal ulceration, C J. Hawkey & B.J.R. Whittle. Postaglandins in the treatment of heart and lung diseas in infants, Elliot A Shinebourne & Andrew Bush. Postaglandins in myocardial infraction and angina, Ake Wennmalam. Prostaglandins in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, Donald M. Demuke. Prostaglanins in congestive heart failure, Christy L. Cooper & James W. Crow, William S. Wheeler and Walker A. Long. Prostaglandins and pulmonary hypertension, A. Yazdani Butt and T. W Higenbottam and J. Wallwork. Prostaglandins in ischaemic peripheral vascular disease, Helmut Sinzinger. Prostaglandins in Raynaud's phenomenon J. Belch. Proseaglandins in cerebral ischaemia and stroke, Richard J. Gryglewski. Prostaglandins in liver disease, organ transplantation and extracorporeal circulation, A.E.S. Gimson, M. Greaves and J. F Martin. Future therapeutic opportunities H. Graff, G. M. Rubanyi and G Stock.
Repair of Bone Defects by Bone Inductive Material (1979)

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.
Assessment of Activity in Chronic Active Liver Disease (1974)

Serum conjugates of cholic acid were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared with conventional tests in 38 patients during the course of chronic active liver disease that responded to treatment; 16 patients subsequently relapsed when treatment was discontinued. At the time of diagnosis, values for these bile acids were always significantly elevated. At biochemical resolution of conventional liver tests, the values were still elevated in 33 of 38 patients, and this finding correlated well with evidence of continuing histologic activity. At histologic remission of disease activity, these values were less than twice the upper limit of normal in all 22 patients who subsequently remained in remission without treatment, but were significantly higher in nine of 16 who later relapsed. During relapse, serial determinations showed that elevation of serum conjugates of cholic acid preceded an increased glutamic oxalacetic transaminase. Serum concentrations of these bile acids in chronic active liver disease during and after therapy appear to provide a more sensitive indication of active hepatitis than conventional liver tests. (N Engl J Med 290:1399–1402, 1974)
The epidemiology of 5-methoxy-<i>N, N</i>-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) use: Benefits, consequences, patterns of use, subjective effects, and reasons for consumption (2018)

Findings suggest that 5-MeO-DMT is used infrequently, predominantly for spiritual exploration, has low potential for addiction, and might have psychotherapeutic effects. Future research should examine the safety and pharmacokinetics of 5-MeO-DMT administration in humans using rigorous experimental designs.
Enhanced fluorescence signal in nonlinear microscopy through supplementary fiber-optic light collection (2009)

Nonlinear microscopy techniques crucially rely on efficient signal detection. Here, we present a ring of large-core optical fibers for epi-collection of fluorescence photons that are not transmitted through the objective and thus normally wasted. Theoretical treatments indicated that such a supplementary fiber-optic light collection system (SUFICS) can provide an up to 4-fold signal gain. In typical in vivo imaging experiments, the fiber-ring channel was brighter than the objective channel down to 800 microm depth, thus providing a gain >2. Moreover, SUFICS reduced noise levels in calcium imaging experiments by about 23%. We recommend SUFICS as a generally applicable, effective add-on to nonlinear microscopes for enhancing fluorescence signals.
Banded Iron Formation-Related Iron Ore Deposits of the Hamersley Province, Western Australia (2008)

The spark to put together this volume on banded iron formation (BIF)-related high-grade iron ore was born in 2005 during a steamy night in Carajás where the iron research group from the Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Vale geologists, Carlos Rosière and Steffen Hagemann, were hotly debating the hypogene alteration genesis for the high-grade, jaspilite-hosted Serra Norte iron ore deposits. A couple of caipirinhas later we decided that the time was opportune to put together a volume that captured the new and innovative research that was being conducted on BIF-related high-grade iron ores throughout the world. We had little problem convincing our South African colleagues Jens Gutzmer and Nic Beukes to join the effort and decided that the 2008 biannual Society of Economic Geologists' (SEG) meeting in South Africa would be the perfect place to present this project through a combined field trip and workshop near Sishen.The enthusiastic support that we received from the research community, SEG, and industry to put this volume together was generated by the significant increase in exploration activity, and with it the need for more detailed information on what exactly controls the location of high-grade iron orebodies, and renewed research interest around the world in models for the genesis of BIF-related high-grade iron ore, and particularly the relative importance of hypogene and supergene processes in formation of high-grade ore.This volume concentrates on new research on the characteristics and metallogenesis of BIF-related high-grade iron ores. It contains a state of the art series of papers on established and new iron ore districts and deposits, the different components of the BIF iron mineral system, and how to best explore for this ore type. Although the emphasis of many of the contributions to this volume is on the hypogene aspect of high-grade iron ore formation, it is important to note that most BIF-related iron ore districts have a very pronounced supergene overprint due to deep lateritic weathering. The transformation of many hypogene iron orebodies of reasonable grade and size to the giant deposits exploited today can be related to this geologically recent supergene overprint; most of the past and still much of the present mining of high-grade iron ore relates to soft ore interpreted in most cases to be the direct result of supergene processes. Also mentioned here should be the recent resurgence of a syngenetic model that advocates the formation of chert-free BIF
Oral Rabies Vaccination: An Overview (1988)

The vaccination of wild animals against rabies was first attempted in 1962 after the repeated failure of poisoning or trapping to control the movement of the disease in these species. The initial requirements of such a vaccine were that it be efficacious and inexpensive, that it allow animals to immunize themselves, and that it not cause vaccine rabies in the target species. Foxes were chosen for research purposes because they are a problem species and are exquisitely susceptible to rabies. The first successful laboratory studies with attenuated vaccine came in 1971, and the first field trial (successful) was carried out in Switzerland beginning in 1978. Other species have not yet been immunized in the field.
Transition-metal imido-boroxide complexes: a structural and spectroscopic investigation of the influence of boron (2002)

The four coordinate compounds Mo(NR)2[OB(mes)2]2 (1, R = tBu; 2, R = Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) have been obtained from the reaction of [(mes)2BOLi(Et2O)n]x with the corresponding Mo(NR)2Cl2(dme) starting material; for structural comparison, Mo(NtBu)2[OCH(mes)2]2 (3) was also synthesised. The related five-coordinate complexes Ti(NtBu)[OB(mes)2]2(py)2 (4) and Ti(NtBu)[OCH(mes)2]2(py)2 (5) were made using analogous procedures. X-Ray structural investigations of 1–5 were performed to assess the effect that the boron atom has on the metal–oxygen and metal–nitrogen(imido) bond lengths and angles. On average, both classes of compound displayed longer metal–oxygen bonds and shorter metal–nitrogen(imido) bonds for the boroxide derivatives. Spectroscopic investigation of the Δδ values for the tert-butylimido derivatives revealed that complexes incorporating the [OB(mes)2]− anion exhibit a reduction in the electron density at the imido nitrogen atom, in agreement with the observations from the solid state structures.