gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Bioactivation, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Ovarian Cancer (2005)

Recent experimental evidence has shown that catechol estrogens can be activated through metabolism to form depurinating DNA adducts and thereby initiate cancer. Limited data are available regarding this pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer. We conducted a case-control study of 503 incident epithelial ovarian cancer cases at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, and Jacksonville, FL, and a 48-county region in North Carolina. Six hundred nine cancer-free controls were frequency matched to the cases on age, race, and residence. After an interview to obtain data on risk factors, a sample of blood was collected for DNA isolation. Subjects were genotyped for seven common single nucleotide polymorphisms in four genes involved in catechol estrogen formation (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) or conjugation (COMT and SULT1A1). Data were analyzed using logistic regression, stratified by race, and with adjustment for design factors and potential confounders. None of the individual genotypes were significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. However, an oligogenic model that considered the joint effects of the four candidate genes provided evidence for an association between combinations of these genes and ovarian cancer status (P = 0.015). Although preliminary, this study provides some support for the hypothesis that low-penetrance susceptibility alleles may influence risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
An Entropy Model of Brand Purchase Behavior (1973)

A probabilistic model of consumer purchase behavior for frequently purchased, low cost items is presented. The concept of maximum entropy is used to specify the model. The only empirical data required are market shares; all other brand selection statistics, such as repeat and switch rates, are derived quantities.
Learning a kernel matrix for nonlinear dimensionality reduction (2004)

We investigate how to learn a kernel matrix for high dimensional data that lies on or near a low dimensional manifold. Noting that the kernel matrix implicitly maps the data into a nonlinear feature space, we show how to discover a mapping that "unfolds" the underlying manifold from which the data was sampled. The kernel matrix is constructed by maximizing the variance in feature space subject to local constraints that preserve the angles and distances between nearest neighbors. The main optimization involves an instance of semidefinite programming---a fundamentally different computation than previous algorithms for manifold learning, such as Isomap and locally linear embedding. The optimized kernels perform better than polynomial and Gaussian kernels for problems in manifold learning, but worse for problems in large margin classification. We explain these results in terms of the geometric properties of different kernels and comment on various interpretations of other manifold learning algorithms as kernel methods.
Adipocyte-Specific Glucocorticoid Inactivation Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity (2005)

Local glucocorticoid (GC) action depends on intracellular GC metabolism by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11betaHSDs). 11betaHSD1 activates GCs, while 11betaHSD2 inactivates GCs. Adipocyte-specific amplification of GCs through transgenic overexpression of 11betaHSD1 produces visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome in mice. To determine whether adipocyte-specific inactivation of GCs protects against this phenotype, we created a transgenic model in which human 11betaHSD2 is expressed under the control of the murine adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) promoter (aP2-h11betaHSD2). Transgenic mice have increased 11betaHSD2 expression and activity exclusively in adipose tissue, with the highest levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while systemic indexes of GC exposure are unchanged. Transgenic mice resist weight gain on high-fat diet due to reduced fat mass accumulation. This improved energy balance is associated with decreased food intake, increased energy expenditure, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue gene expression in transgenic mice is characterized by decreased expression of leptin and resistin and increased expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and uncoupling protein 2. These data suggest that reduction of active GCs exclusively in adipose tissue is an important determinant of a favorable metabolic phenotype with respect to energy homeostasis and the metabolic syndrome.
Role of GTPases in control of microvascular permeability (2010)

Inflammatory mediators increase vascular permeability primarily by formation of intercellular gaps between endothelial cells of post-capillary venules. Under these conditions, endothelial cell-cell contacts such as adherens and tight junctions open to allow paracellular fluid passage. Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) from the ras superfamily, primarily Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42) or Rap1 are known to regulate cell adhesion, in part by reorganization of the junction-associated cortical actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we will discuss the role of small GTPases for the maintenance of microvascular barrier functions under resting conditions as well as under conditions of increased permeability and their involvement in signalling pathways downstream of both barrier-stabilizing and inflammatory mediators. Rac1 and Cdc42 are the main GTPases required for barrier maintenance and stabilization, whereas RhoA negatively regulates barrier properties under both resting and inflammatory conditions. For Rac1 and RhoA, contrary functions under certain conditions have also been described. However, Rac1-mediated barrier destabilization in microvascular endothelium appears to be largely restricted to conditions of enhanced endothelial cell migration and thus to be more closely related to angiogenesis rather than to inflammation. Recent studies revealed that cAMP signalling, which is well known to be barrier protective, enhances barrier functions in part via Rap1-mediated activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 as well as by inhibition of RhoA. Moreover, barrier-stabilizing mediators directly activate Rac1 and Cdc42 or increase cAMP levels. On the other hand, several barrier-disruptive components appear to increase permeability by reduced formation of cAMP, leading to both inactivation of Rac1 and activation of RhoA.
Multi-Band/Wide Band Printed Quad Helical Antenna (2020)

A technique is proposed for designing multiband and/or wide band printed quadritilar helical antennas. This technique uses a microstrip line tuning section in the vicinity of the feeding ports. This section contains an elongated body and a tail member extending away from the body. A geometry of the tail member is selected for modifying an impedance of the radiating element and broadening the antenna resonance bandwidth. A four port antenna is designed for operating in wide band (24%, Sll <-15dB) or in three frequency bands, with one of the frequency bands being more than 24% (Sll <-10dB): 1.88-2.12GHz (E-UTRA 39), 2.3-2. 4GHz (E-UTRA 40) and 3.4-3.8GHz (E-UTRA 42 and 43).
Localized SC-FDMA with constant envelope (2013)

Singe-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) enables simplified equalization and flexible multiuser scheduling in the frequency domain. Compared to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), it has reduced envelope fluctuations in the same bandwidth. SC-FDMA is widely used in mobile communications, where the focus is on spectral efficiency. Here, we consider an evolution towards better energy efficiency. We propose evolved transmission schemes combining energy-efficient modulation and frequency-domain filtering. Using Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) and filtered π/2 binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be reduced down to 0 and 1.9 dB, respectively, while penalties at the receiver side are negligible.
LFA-1 signaling through p44/42 is coupled to perforin degranulation in CD56+CD8+ natural killer cells (2004)

Leukocyte function antigen 1 (LFA-1) is essential for the formation of immune cell synapses and plays a role in the pathophysiology of various autoimmune diseases. We investigated the molecular details of LFA-1 activation during adhesion between cytotoxic cells and a target model leukemia cell. The cytolytic activity of a CD3-CD8+CD56+ natural killer (NK) subset was enhanced when LFA-1 was activated. In a comparison of LFA-1 ligands, intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2) and ICAM-3 promoted LFA-1-directed perforin release, whereas ICAM-1 had little effect. Ligand-induced LFA-1 clustering facilitated perforin release, demonstrating LFA-1 could regulate degranulation mechanisms. LFA-1 induced the activation of src family kinases, Vav1 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in human CD56+ NK cells as evidenced by intracellular phospho-epitope measurements that correlated with effector-target cell binding and perforin-granzyme A-mediated cytolytic activity. These results identify novel, specific functional consequence of LFA-1-mediated cytolytic activity in perforin-containing human NK subsets.
Acyl, N-protected .alpha.-aminoacyl, and peptidyl derivatives as prodrug forms of the alcohol deterrent agent cyanamide (1986)

Cyanamide (H2NC identical to N), a potent aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH) inhibitor that is used therapeutically as an alcohol deterrent agent, is known to be rapidly metabolized and excreted in the urine as acetylcyanamide (1). On the basis of our observation that 1 is deacetylated to cyanamide in vivo, albeit very slightly, thereby serving as a precursor of prodrug form of the latter, several acyl derivatives of cyanamide were synthesized specifically as prodrugs, including benzoylcyanamide (2), pivaloylcyanamide (3), and 1-adamantoylcyanamide (4), as well as long- and medium-chain fatty acyl derivatives such as palmitoyl- (6), stearoyl- (7), and n-butyrylcyanamide (5). N-Protected alpha-aminoacyl and peptidyl derivatives of cyanamide were also synthesized, and these include N-carbobenzoxyglycyl- (10), hippuryl- (13), N-benzoyl-L-leucyl- (14), N-carbobenzoxyglycyl-L-leucyl- (18), N-carbobenzoxy-L-pyroglutamyl- (22), L-pyroglutamyl-L-leucyl- (19), and L-pyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanylcyanamide (20). All of these prodrugs of cyanamide raised ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde levels in rats significantly over controls 3 h after ip drug administration, and some of these were still capable of elevating blood acetaldehyde 16 h post drug administration. A selected group of cyanamide prodrugs were also evaluated by the oral route of administration and showed nearly equivalent activity as the ip route in elevating ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde. These results suggest potential utility of these prodrugs as deterrent agents for the treatment of alcoholism.
Effect of Junction Point Functionality on the Lamellar Spacing of Symmetric (PS)<i><sub>n</sub></i>(PI)<i><sub>n</sub></i> Miktoarm Star Block Copolymers (2003)

To probe the effect of junction point functionality in miktoarm star block copolymer architecture on chain conformation and morphology, a series of AnBn miktoarm star copolymers where A arms are PS blocks and B arms are PI blocks were investigated. The overall series including a diblock and the star block copolymers can be represented by AnBn, where n = 1, 2, 4, and 16. These materials were produced by synthesizing a single batch of living PS arms and a single batch of living PI arms and then linking them together with chlorosilane coupling agents of different functionality. Thus, all PS arms are identical and all PI arms are identical across the entire series of materials. All stars in the series have equal numbers of PS and PI arms, and the volume fractions of all the samples in the series (nearly 0.50 PS by volume) are identical within experimental error. All the materials were found, via small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, to form lamellar morphologies. A significant increase in lamellar spacing with increasing junction point functionality (n) was found in this series of materials and can be attributed to molecular crowding near the junction point.
ATAM: Method for Architecture Evaluation (2000)

Abstract : If a software architecture is a key business asset for an organization, then architectural analysis must also be a key practice for that organization. Why? Because architectures are complex and involve many design tradeoffs. Without undertaking a formal analysis process, the organization cannot ensure that the architectural decisions made-particularly those which affect the achievement of quality attribute such as performance, availability, security, and modifiability-are advisable ones that appropriately mitigate risks. In this report, some of the technical and organizational foundations for performing architectural analysis are discussed, the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM), is presented. The ATAM is a technique for analyzing software architectures that has been developed and refined in practice over the past three years.
Marguerite Shoobert, London Fashion Model, 1906–1917 (1983)

(1983). Marguerite Shoobert, London Fashion Model, 1906–1917. Costume: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 105-110.
A Neural Stimulation System Model to Enhance Neural Integrated Circuit Design (2013)

Lacking in the progression of neural stimulation probe, module, and integrated circuit design has been a system-to-device design approach, resulting in less than satisfying in-vivo results. The goal of this paper is neural integrated circuit (IC) design, including time-domain interaction with the electrode, tissue, and neural interfaces, which demonstrates system optimization prior to fabrication. The result of this work is a demonstration of a working CMOS multiplexer for neural stimulation, as well as a model of the multiplexer-electrode-neuron interface.
Protease inhibitors reduce the frequency of spontaneous chromosome abnormalities in cells from patients with Bloom syndrome. (1984)

Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Cells from patients with this disease are characterized by high levels of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. We show here that the frequency of these chromosomal changes is markedly reduced when the cells are grown in the presence of certain protease inhibitors. In relation to other published data, our results suggest that the primary defect of Bloom syndrome cells may be related to the production of abnormally large amounts of agents, presumably active oxygen species, which are capable of acting like tumor promoters.
Overexpression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha impacts FoxP3 levels in mycosis fungoides—Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: Clinical implications (2013)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and decreased forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression has been reported in MF late stages. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) may regulate FoxP3 expression; however, it is unknown whether HIF-1α is expressed in the CD4(+) T cells of MF patients and how it could affect the expression of FoxP3. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of HIF-1α and FoxP3 in CD4(+) T cells obtained from the skin lesions of MF patients. We found increased cell proliferation and an increase in CD4(+) T cells with an aberrant phenotype among early stage MF patients. HIF-1α was overexpressed in these CD4(+) T cells. In addition, we found a decrease in the percentage of FoxP3(+) cells both in the skin of MF patients, when compared with control skin samples, and with disease progression. In addition, a negative correlation was established between HIF-1α and FoxP3 expression. Skin HIF-1α expression in MF patients correlated with the extent of the affected area and increased with the disease progression. Finally, we showed that ex vivo inhibition of HIF-1α degradation increases the percentage of FoxP3(+) T cells in skin lesions. Our results suggest that overexpression of HIF-1α affects the levels of FoxP3 in MF patients, which could have relevant implications in terms of disease outcome.
Hierarchically Ordered Polymer Films by Templated Organization of Aqueous Droplets (2007)

Abstract Hierarchically ordered structures facilitate the incorporation of diverse functions simultaneously. The present report introduces a simple and novel strategy for producing hierarchically ordered polymeric films. Hierarchical ordering of aqueous droplets on a polymer solution is realized by the imposition of physical confinement via various shaped gratings. After drying of the solution, well‐ordered hierarchical structures were fabricated in the remaining polymer film. The size of the grating structure and the lattice size of spontaneous hexagonally packed aqueous pores comprise two different length scales, thereby offering multiscale ordering. Interfacial wetting of the polymer solution to the grating surface was crucial in terms of obtaining a highly ordered structure that can be tuned by dissolving a small amount of surfactant in the polymer solution. The present novel approach provides a new opportunity for lithography‐free fabrication of complex hierarchical structures.
Enhanced Amphiphilic Profile of a Short β-Stranded Peptide Improves Its Antimicrobial Activity (2015)

SB056 is a novel semi-synthetic antimicrobial peptide with a dimeric dendrimer scaffold. Active against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, its mechanism has been attributed to a disruption of bacterial membranes. The branched peptide was shown to assume a β-stranded conformation in a lipidic environment. Here, we report on a rational modification of the original, empirically derived linear peptide sequence [WKKIRVRLSA-NH2, SB056-lin]. We interchanged the first two residues [KWKIRVRLSA-NH2, β-SB056-lin] to enhance the amphipathic profile, in the hope that a more regular β-strand would lead to a better antimicrobial performance. MIC values confirmed that an enhanced amphiphilic profile indeed significantly increases activity against both Gram-positive and -negative strains. The membrane binding affinity of both peptides, measured by tryptophan fluorescence, increased with an increasing ratio of negatively charged/zwitterionic lipids. Remarkably, β-SB056-lin showed considerable binding even to purely zwitterionic membranes, unlike the original sequence, indicating that besides electrostatic attraction also the amphipathicity of the peptide structure plays a fundamental role in binding, by stabilizing the bound state. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and solid-state 19F-NMR were used to characterize and compare the conformation and mobility of the membrane bound peptides. Both SB056-lin and β-SB056-lin adopt a β-stranded conformation upon binding POPC vesicles, but the former maintains an intrinsic structural disorder that also affects its aggregation tendency. Upon introducing some anionic POPG into the POPC matrix, the sequence-optimized β-SB056-lin forms well-ordered β-strands once electro-neutrality is approached, and it aggregates into more extended β-sheets as the concentration of anionic lipids in the bilayer is raised. The enhanced antimicrobial activity of the analogue correlates with the formation of these extended β-sheets, which also leads to a dramatic alteration of membrane integrity as shown by 31P-NMR. These findings are generally relevant for the design and optimization of other membrane-active antimicrobial peptides that can fold into amphipathic β-strands.
Influence of electron-F2 collisions in rare gas–halide laser discharges (1978)

The influence of F2 vibrational excitation and direct dissociation by electron impact is examined for conditions typical of electron-beam-sustained KrF* lasers. For values of F2 fractional concentration greater than about 0.003 the results of this analysis indicate that the dissociation process e+F2→2F+e may significantly affect electron-metastable atom production efficiency, rare gas–halide excimer production efficiency, and gain.
Discriminating Right from Wrong (2001)

The cell has devised numerous quality controls to ensure the fidelity of protein synthesis. In his Perspective, [Ibba][1] describes a new form of quality control in the unlikely guise of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), the protein that delivers amino-acyl tRNAs to the ribosome. EF-Tu binds to all amino-acyl tRNAs over a wide range of affinities, whether the tRNAs are carrying the correct amino acid or not. But EF-Tu is able to discriminate between correctly charged and mischarged amino-acyl tRNAs through thermodynamic compensation (i.e., by detecting whether the separate amino acid and tRNA moieties of each amino-acyl tRNA have a strong and weak binding component that compensate for each other).

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5540/70
[Medetomidine-butorphanol combination anesthesia in the dog]. (2001)

The combination of Medetomidine and Butorphanol leads to a sufficient sedation with good analgesia and is thus superior to the application of Medetomidine only. By reducing the dosage of Medetomidine, reduced cardio-respiratory side-effects are to be expected. The comparative application of the two Butorphanol preparations Torbugesic (group T) and Morphasol (group M) did not show any differences concerning effect and tolerance. No statistically significant and clinically relevant differences between the two groups were observed for any of the parameters.
Preparation of a dinitrogen complex of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium(II). Isolation and protonation leading to stoichiometric reduction of dinitrogen to hydrazine (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of a dinitrogen complex of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium(II). Isolation and protonation leading to stoichiometric reduction of dinitrogen to hydrazineJuan M. Manriquez and John E. BercawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 19, 6229–6230Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00826a071RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1057Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (287 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts