gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyses of multi-level and multi-component compressed bitmap indexes (2008)

Bitmap indexes are known as the most effective indexing methods for range queries on append-only data, and many different bitmap indexes have been proposed in the research literature. However, only two of the simplest ones are used in commercial products. To better understand the benefits offered by the more sophisticated variations, we conduct an analytical comparison of well-known bitmap indexes, most of which are in the class of multi-component bitmap indexes. Our analysis is the first to fully incorporate the effects of compression on their performance. We produce closed-form formulas for both the index sizes and the query processing costs for the worst cases. One surprising finding is that the two simple indexes are in fact the best among multi-component indexes. Additionally, we investigate a number of novel variations in a class of multi-level indexes, and find that they answer queries faster than the best of multi-component indexes. More specifically, some two-level indexes are predicted by analyses and verified with experiments to be 5 to 10 times faster than well-known indexes. Furthermore, these two-level indexes have the optimal computational complexity for answering queries.
Synergistic effect of blending IgG1 and IgG3 monoclonal anti-D in promoting the metabolic response of monocytes to sensitized red cells. (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the Rh antigen D were used to sensitize red cells for use in a series of cellular assays. IgG3 anti-D was more efficient than IgG1 anti-D in promoting the attachment and lysis of red cells by human monocytes. In contrast, IgG1 anti-D was more efficient at mediating phagocytosis. The metabolic response of monocytes, measured by chemiluminescence (CL), was greater towards IgG3-sensitized red cells than IgG1-sensitized cells; however, the CL response was further increased when red cells were sensitized in antibody mixtures comprising both subclasses. Using monoclonal antibodies from five IgG1-secreting cell lines and from three IgG3-secreting cell lines, this synergistic increase was seen with 0/4 IgG1/IgG1 combinations, 0/2 IgG3/IgG3 combinations and 8/8 IgG1/IgG3 combinations. Synergism was observed only when both subclasses were present on the same red cells; mixing of IgG1-sensitized red cells with IgG3-sensitized red cells before addition to monocytes did not increase CL generation. The binding and phagocytosis of red cells by monocytes and the lysis of red cells by monocytes or lymphocytes were not greater when red cells were sensitized with IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies together compared to red cells coated with single subclasses.
Sequential helical CT angiography of aortoiliac disease. (1996)

Sequential helical CT angiography of the abdomen can provide sufficient vascular detail to allow evaluation of expanded vascular territories. The technique can allow accurate assessment of both stenotic and aneurysmal disease of the aorta and the iliac arteries.
Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multi-Sensor Integrated Navigation Systems (2007)

Navigation systems engineering is a red-hot area. More and more technical professionals are entering the field and looking for practical, up-to-date engineering know-how. This single-source reference answers the call, providing both an introduction to overall systems operation and an in-depth treatment of architecture, design, and component integration. This book explains how satellite, on-board, and other navigation technologies operate, and it gives practitioners insight into performance issues such as processing chains and error sources. Providing solutions to systems designers and engineers, the book describes and compares different integration architectures, and explains how to diagnose errors. Moreover, this hands-on book includes appendices filled with terminology and equations for quick referencing.
Fast Training of Convolutional Networks through FFTs (2014)

Abstract: Convolutional networks are one of the most widely employed architectures in computer vision and machine learning. In order to leverage their ability to learn complex functions, large amounts of data are required for training. Training a large convolutional network to produce state-of-the-art results can take weeks, even when using modern GPUs. Producing labels using a trained network can also be costly when dealing with web-scale datasets. In this work, we present a simple algorithm which accelerates training and inference by a significant factor, and can yield improvements of over an order of magnitude compared to existing state-of-the-art implementations. This is done by computing convolutions as pointwise products in the Fourier domain while reusing the same transformed feature map many times. The algorithm is implemented on a GPU architecture and addresses a number of related challenges.
CELL INTERACTIONS IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO (1972)

Tissue cultures with two compartments, separated by a cell impermeable nuclepore membrane (1 micro pore size), were used to investigate the mechanism of T-B lymphocyte cooperation. It was found that collaboration was as effective when the T and B lymphocyte populations were separated by the membrane as when they were mixed together. Critical tests were performed to verify that the membranes used were in fact cell impermeable. The specificity of the augmentation of the B cell response by various T cell populations was investigated. Only the response of B cells reactive to determinants on the same molecule as recognized by the T cells was augmented markedly. Specific activation of thymocytes by antigen was necessary for efficient collaboration across the membrane. The response of both unprimed and hapten-primed spleen cells was augmented by the T cell "factor" although, as expected, hapten-primed cells yielded greater responses. The T cell factor acted as efficiently if T cells were present or absent in the lower chamber. Thus the site of action of the T cell factor was not on other T cells, but was either on macrophages or the B cells themselves. The T cell-specific immunizing factor did not pass through dialysis membranes. The experiments reported here help rule out some of the possible theories of T-B cell collaboration. Clearly T-B cell contact was not necessary for successful cooperation to occur in this system. Possible theoretical interpretations of the results and their bearing on the detailed mechanism of T-B lymphocyte cooperation are discussed.
Flexible and personalizable mixed-initiative dialogue systems (2003)

This paper describes our vision for a future time when end users of mixed-initiative spoken dialogue systems will be able to dynamically configure the system to suit their personalized goals. We argue that spoken dialogue systems will only become a common utility in society once they can be reconfigured, essentially instantaneously, to support a new working vocabulary within a new domain or subdomain. For example, if a user is interested in restaurants in Seattle, the system would go off-line to gather information from resources such as the Web, and would infer from that knowledge an appropriate working vocabulary, language models, and dialogue control mechanism for a subsequent spoken conversation on this topic. In addition to painting this vision, the paper also discusses our recent research efforts directed towards the technology development necessary to realize this larger goal.
All-optical dynamic grating generation based on Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining fiber (2008)

We report a novel kind of all-optical dynamic grating based on Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). A moving acoustic grating is generated by stimulated Brillouin scattering between optical waves in one polarization, and used to reflect orthogonally polarized waves at different wavelength. A 3-dB bandwidth of ~ 100 MHz is observed with the tunable reflectivity of up to 2% in a 30 m PMF.
Induction of a Cross-Reactive CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Response following Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccination (2010)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious infection in cloven-hoofed animals. Current inactivated FMDV vaccines generate short-term, serotype-specific protection, mainly through neutralizing antibody. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of protective immunity would aid design of more effective vaccines. We have previously reported the presence of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in FMDV-vaccinated and -infected cattle. In the current study, we aimed to identify CD8(+) T cell epitopes in FMDV recognized by cattle vaccinated with inactivated FMDV serotype O. Analysis of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8(+) T cells responding to stimulation with FMDV-derived peptides revealed one putative CD8(+) T cell epitope present within the structural protein P1D, comprising residues 795 to 803 of FMDV serotype O UKG/2001. The restricting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele was N*02201, expressed by the A31 haplotype. This epitope induced IFN-γ release, proliferation, and target cell killing by αβ CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T cells. A protein alignment of representative samples from each of the 7 FMDV serotypes showed that the putative epitope is highly conserved. CD8(+) T cells from FMDV serotype O-vaccinated A31(+) cattle recognized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) loaded with peptides derived from all 7 FMDV serotypes, suggesting that CD8(+) T cells recognizing the defined epitope are cross-reactive to equivalent peptides derived from all of the other FMDV serotypes.
Follitropin binding to receptors in testis. Modulation by monovalent salts and divalent cations. (1982)

The effects of monovalent salts and divalent metal ions on the interactions of radioiodinated human follitropin (IZ5I-hFSH) with membrane-bound, detergentsolubilized, or buffer-soluble receptors from calf testis were studied.Binding of "'1-hFSH to the membranebound receptor was stimulated 2-to 3-fold by Mn2+, M&+, or Ca2+ (each at 2-5 m), but was inhibited by Co2+ or Ni".Neither of these ions was capable of causing dissociation of preformed hormone receptor complexes.Addition of 10 mM EDTA resulted in a rapid, reversible dissociation of "'I-hFSH from each class of the receptor.Binding of FSH to detergent-solubilized or buffer-soluble receptor in the absence of divalent ions was negligible and was maximal at approximately 5 mM Mn2+, M$+, or Ca2+, with a midpoint of 0.8 mM.Various monovalent salts either inhibited or stimulated specific binding of FSH to the three classes of receptor.Inhibition of halides increased with ionic radius, in the order F-< C1-< I-.Among the alkali ions, Na+ was more inhibitory than Li+ or K+ a t 0.1 M. Acetate (0.1 M) was noninhibitory, while NO3-or HC03was a potent inhibitor.Stimulation of Iz5I-hFSH binding was seen at 0.1 M NH4+ ion.The effects of the various monovalent salts were primarily on receptor affinity, with the rate of dissociation being affected more than the rate of association.These effects, which are discussed in terms of their relationship to the B coefficient of viscosity, were reversible and nonspecific binding was largely unaffected.The similarity of effects of these salts or cations on the interaction of FSH with receptors in testis membranes, after detergent solubilization, and with FSH binding components soluble in the absence of detergent support the notion that the latter preparations are suitable models for the study of the receptor once removed from its membrane.The results also indicate that a detailed understanding of the effects of common inorganic ions on the interaction of FSH with receptor is essential to proper evaluation of in vitro binding studies.The interaction of many proteins with their receptors is dependent upon the presence of divalent metal ions and may be influenced by the ionic strength of the binding mixture.In some systems, such as with the hepatic galactoside lectin (l), specific binding appears to be facilitated by high salt concentrations, whereas in others (2), inhibition of binding is seen in the presence of moderate salt concentrations.We have pre-
Prediction of RNA <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C Chemical Shifts: A Structure Based Approach (2013)

The use of NMR-derived chemical shifts in protein structure determination and prediction has received much attention, and, as such, many methods have been developed to predict protein chemical shifts from three-dimensional (3D) coordinates. In contrast, little attention has been paid to predicting chemical shifts from RNA coordinates. Using the random forest machine learning approach, we developed RAMSEY, which is capable of predicting both (1)H and protonated (13)C chemical shifts from RNA coordinates. In this report, we introduce RAMSEY, assess its accuracy, and demonstrate the sensitivity of RAMSEY-predicted chemical shifts to RNA 3D structure.
Outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (1986)

Between November 1983 and January 1984, 13 cases of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis occurred in Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee in patients who had had an intraocular lens implantation (IOLI) or cataract extraction with an IOLI. This outbreak followed the introduction in July 1983 of a new brand of balanced salt solution (BSS) used as an intraoperative ophthalmic irrigation solution. This product was subsequently recalled because of intrinsic fungal contamination. A retrospective cohort study including 704 ophthalmology patients at risk for exposure to this brand of BSS revealed that definite exposure to that product was a significant risk factor for C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis (P less than 0.001, Fisher exact test). A retrospective case control study including 203 control patients with definite exposure to BSS suggested that exposure to systemic steroids (P = 0.007, Fisher exact test) was an additional risk factor for C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis. Treatment modalities among the 13 patients included topical, intraocular, or systemic antifungal therapy (or a combination of these modalities) in 13 patients and vitrectomy in 10 patients. No patients had systemic symptoms or complete visual loss. Laboratory investigations showed a 6.7% overall contamination of the product with C. parapsilosis. After recall of the product by the manufacturer, no patients having a cataract extraction or IOLI at the institutions studied are known to have developed C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor drive without mechanical sensors (2002)

A novel permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive without mechanical sensors is presented. The motor is controlled by a new current control method which is based on the concept of space voltage vector. The speed and position of the motor are estimated by using an extended Kalman filter. The dynamic performance of the drive is investigated through computer simulation. The results show that the proposed mechanical sensorless PMSM drive can operate in a wide speed range.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a comparison (2019)

Green synthesis of nanoparticles by biological systems especially plant extracts has become an emerging field in nanotechnology. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Laurus nobilis L. leaves aqueous extract and two different zinc salts (zinc acetate and zinc nitrate) as precursors. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). UV–Vis spectra showed typical absorption peaks in around 350 nm due to their large excitation binding energy at room temperature. Chemical bond formations of zinc oxide were confirmed by FT-IR analyses. XRD results revealed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure, and SEM analyses showed spherical shape with the average size (21.49, 25.26) nm for the synthesized nanoparticles by zinc acetate and zinc nitrate respectively. EDX analyses confirmed high purity for the synthesized nanoparticles.
Innovative treatment using tilapia skin as a xenograft for partial thickness burns after a gunpowder explosion (2019)

Tilapia skin has non-infectious microbiota, high amounts of type I collagen, and similar morphological structure to human skin, so it has been suggested as a potential xenograft for the management of burn wounds. A 23-year-old male patient, with no comorbidities, arrived at our burn treatment center after a thermal injury caused by contact with flames from a gunpowder explosion. Superficial partial thickness burns were present in his right upper limb and deep partial thickness burns were present in his left upper limb. Tilapia skin was applied to the lesions, leading to complete reepithelialization within 12 and 17 days of treatment, respectively. No dressing changes were needed and no side effects were observed. Tilapia skin carries the promise of an innovative, easy-to-apply and highly available product that can become the first nationally studied animal skin registered by the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency for use in the treatment of burns.
Interaction of Sr‐doped hydroxyapatite nanocrystals with osteoclast and osteoblast‐like cells (2008)

This article reports the effect of strontium incorporation into hydroxyapatite nanocrystals on bone cells response. Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals were synthesized at strontium contents of 0, 1, 3, 7 atom %. Strontium incorporation for calcium is confirmed by the linear increase of the unit cell parameters of hydroxyapatite, in agreement with the different ionic radii of the two ions. Moreover, strontium substitution slightly affects hydroxyapatite structural order and the shape of the nanocrystals. Osteoblast-like MG63 cells cultured on the nanocrystals display good proliferation and increased values of the differentiation parameters. In particular, when cultured on samples with Sr concentration in the range 3-7 atom %, osteoblasts display increased values of ALP activity, collagen type I, and osteocalcin production. Moreover, the osteoclast number on all the Sr-doped samples is significantly smaller than on hydroxyapatite, and it decreases on increasing strontium content. The data indicate that strontium stimulates osteoblast activity and exerts its inhibitory effect on osteoclast proliferation even when incorporated into hydroxyapatite.
Posterior Gastropexy for Repair of Hiatal Hernia (1972)

When reflux persists despite aggressive medical management, surgery is indicated to repair a sliding hiatal hernia. Reflux may, however, recur postoperatively unless a competent closure mechanism is established at the gastroesophageal junction. The key step in the procedure, which is demonstrated, is to anchor the junction to the median arcuate ligament so that it remains permanently in its subdiaphragmatic position.
Follow-the-Regularized-Leader and Mirror Descent: Equivalence Theorems and L1 Regularization (2011)

We prove that many mirror descent algorithms for online convex optimization (such as online gradient descent) have an equivalent interpretation as follow-the-regularizedleader (FTRL) algorithms. This observation makes the relationships between many commonly used algorithms explicit, and provides theoretical insight on previous experimental observations. In particular, even though the FOBOS composite mirror descent algorithm handles L1 regularization explicitly, it has been observed that the FTRL-style Regularized Dual Averaging (RDA) algorithm is even more effective at producing sparsity. Our results demonstrate that the key difference between these algorithms is how they handle the cumulative L1 penalty. While FOBOS handles the L1 term exactly on any given update, we show that it is effectively using subgradient approximations to the L1 penalty from previous rounds, leading to less sparsity than RDA, which handles the cumulative penalty in closed form. The FTRL-Proximal algorithm, which we introduce, can be seen as a hybrid of these two algorithms, and significantly outperforms both on a large, realworld dataset. 1
Contribution of Individual Polyphenolics to Total Antioxidant Capacity of Plums (2003)

To study the effect of polyphenolics on antioxidant capacities of plums, the amounts of total phenolics, total flavonoids and individual phenolic compounds, and vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of eleven plum cultivars was determined. There was a good linear relationship between the amount of total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity (r2 = 0.9887). The amount of total flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity also showed a good correlation (r2 = 0.9653). Although the summation of individual antioxidant capacity was lower than the total antioxidant capacity of plum samples, there was a positive correlation (r2 = 0.9299) of total antioxidant capacity of plum samples with the sum of the VCEACs calculated from individual phenolics. Chlorogenic acids and glycosides of cyanidin, peonidin, and quercetin were major phenolics among eleven plum cultivars. The antioxidant capacity of chlorogenic acids and anthocyanins showed higher correlation (r2) of 0.7751 and 0.6616 to total VCEAC, respectively, than that of quercetin glycosides (r2 = 0.0279). Chlorogenic acids were a major source of antioxidant activity in plums, and the consumption of one serving (100 g) of plums can provide antioxidants equivalent to 144.4-889.6 mg of vitamin C.
VARIATION IN VASCULARITY AND OXIDASE CONTENT IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BRAIN OF THE CAT (1939)

It has long been recognized that there is considerable variation in the amount of capillary bed available in different parts of the nervous system. However, only comparatively recently (following the example set by Krogh's work on the vascularity of muscle) has there been any attempt to measure this variation by accurate quantitative methods. Craigie investigated a large number of areas of the nervous system of the rat (1920,<sup>1a</sup>1921,<sup>1b</sup>1930<sup>1f</sup>), of certain fish (1927,<sup>1c</sup>1928<sup>1d</sup>) and of birds (1929<sup>1e</sup>). Cobb and Talbot<sup>2</sup>and Cobb<sup>3</sup>studied certain areas of the rabbit's brain, and Talbot, Wolff and Cobb<sup>4</sup>and Dunning and Wolff,<sup>5</sup>various parts of the nervous system of the cat. The only extensive comparison of the vascularity of many areas was that of Craigie in the rat brain. It seemed profitable, therefore, to investigate a series of areas in the
Improving the Anti-Tumor Effect of Genistein with a Biocompatible Superparamagnetic Drug Delivery System (2010)

The practical application of genistein as a low toxicity chemotherapeutic drug is hindered by many of its in vivo properties. To overcome these obstacles, a new multifunctional drug delivery system is developed, which is based on covalently attaching genistein onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated by cross-linked carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCH). The structure of the Fe3O4-CMCH-genistein nano-conjugate was confirmed by transmission electron micrographs (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The nano-conjugate shows good water solubility and superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 55.1 emu/g. The effects of free genistein and FeO4-CMCH-genistein nano-conjugate on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FACS). MTT results indicate that the Fe3O4-CMCH-genistein nano-conjugate exhibits a significantly enhanced inhibition effect to the SGC-7901 cancer cells than the free genistein. FACS data suggests that the inhibition on cell proliferation of the nano-conjugate is related with an induced apoptosis process. This drug delivery system is promising for future multifunctional chemotherapeutic application that combines drug release and magnetic hyperthermia therapy.