gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gamma Interferon Plays a Crucial Early Antiviral Role in Protection against West Nile Virus Infection (2006)

West Nile virus (WNV) causes a severe central nervous system (CNS) infection in humans, primarily in the elderly and immunocompromised. Prior studies have established an essential protective role of several innate immune response elements, including alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta), immunoglobulin M, gammadelta T cells, and complement against WNV infection. In this study, we demonstrate that a lack of IFN-gamma production or signaling results in increased vulnerability to lethal WNV infection by a subcutaneous route in mice, with a rise in mortality from 30% (wild-type mice) to 90% (IFN-gamma(-/-) or IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice) and a decrease in the average survival time. This survival pattern in IFN-gamma(-/-) and IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice correlated with higher viremia and greater viral replication in lymphoid tissues. The increase in peripheral infection led to early CNS seeding since infectious WNV was detected several days earlier in the brains and spinal cords of IFN-gamma(-/-) or IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice. Bone marrow reconstitution experiments showed that gammadelta T cells require IFN-gamma to limit dissemination by WNV. Moreover, treatment of primary dendritic cells with IFN-gamma reduced WNV production by 130-fold. Collectively, our experiments suggest that the dominant protective role of IFN-gamma against WNV is antiviral in nature, occurs in peripheral lymphoid tissues, and prevents viral dissemination to the CNS.
Imaging Spectrometers For Terrestrial And Planetary Remote Sensing: A Progress Report (1987)

Since the first SPIE conference session on imaging spectroscopy in February 1981, the development of several significant instruments and the initiation of yet larger programs has taken place. The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer for the Galileo mission to Jupiter has been completed and awaits a launch opportunity. An advanced version of this instrument has been selected for the Mars Observer mission and is a candidate for several additional planetary missions. An Airborne Imaging Spectrometer has completed several seasons of data collecting in the United States, Australia, and Europe. An advanced instrument for NASA's U-2/ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft is nearing completion. Significant design work has been accomplished on the Shuttle Imaging Spectrometer Experiment and design studies for NASA's Earth Observation System include a major imaging spectrometer instrument. Researchers in a variety of disciplines have reported significant results from aircraft instrument data and the development of sophisticated data analysis software for manipulating and interpreting the high dimensionality data sets is progressing. Progress in this growing technique of passive remote sensing is contributing to the planning and design of future instrumentation.
Comparative analysis of different adaptive filters for tracking lower segments of a human body using inertial motion sensors (2013)

For all segments and tests, a modified Kalman filter and a quasi-static sensor fusion algorithm were equally accurate (precision and accuracy ∼2–3°) compared to normalized least mean squares filtering, recursive least-squares filtering and standard Kalman filtering. The aims were to: (1) compare adaptive filtering techniques used for sensor fusion and (2) evaluate the precision and accuracy for a chosen adaptive filter. Motion sensors (based on inertial measurement units) are limited by accumulative integration errors arising from sensor bias. This drift can partly be handled with adaptive filtering techniques. To advance the measurement technique in this area, a new modified Kalman filter is developed. Differences in accuracy were observed during different tests especially drift in the internal/external rotation angle. This drift can be minimized if the sensors include magnetometers.
Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Optical Imaging and Tomography (2004)

The advent of recent advances in near-infrared laser diodes and fast electro-optic detection has spawned a new research field of diagnostic spectroscopy and imaging based on targeting and reporting exogenous fluorescent agents. This review seeks to concisely address the physics, instrumentation, advancements in tomography, and near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent development that promises selective and specific molecular targeting of diseased tissues. As an example of one area of the field, recent work focusing on pharmacokinetic analysis of fluorophores targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is presented in a human breast cancer xenograft mouse model to demonstrate specificity of molecularly targeted contrast agents. Finally, a critical evaluation of the limitations and the opportunities for future translation of fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging of deep tissues is presented.
The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: Up to 8 years follow-up (2016)

The Ponseti method is an effective first-line treatment for arthrogrypotic clubfeet to achieve functional plantigrade feet. Children will often require more casts and have a higher risk of relapse.
Cavitary pneumonia due to <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> in a heart transplant recipient (2003)

Rhodococcus equi is an uncommon human pathogen that usually affects immunocompromised patients. We present a case of a 68-year-old male heart transplant recipient, who developed rhodococcal pneumonia with secondary bacteremia 10 months post-transplant. The patient was a retired carpenter who was involved in breeding of horses. He responded completely to the treatment with vancomycin and imipenem/cilastin, followed by oral ciprofloxacin and minocycline for total treatment duration of 5 months. This case highlights the association between an animal exposure and infection with a unique opportunistic pathogen.
Early Malignant Progression of Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Cancer (2003)

These data provide initial guidelines for the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy in asymptomatic carriers of RET gene mutations.
TNF-α promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP-2 (2018)

High levels of tumor-associated calcium signal transduction protein (TROP)-2 have been demonstrated to be strongly associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in colon cancer. In the present study, the effect of TNF-α on the regulation of TROP-2 expression and its effect in colon cancer cell migration and invasion were investigated <i>in vitro</i>. TROP-2 protein levels were evaluated in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells cultured with various concentrations of TNF-α using western blot analysis. Changes in the migratory and invasive potential of the cells were evaluated using a wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Then, TROP-2 expression was downregulated in cells by use of siRNA, and TROP-2 knockdown was confirmed at the mRNA and protein level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The migration and invasion potential of cells transfected with TROP-2 siRNA was also evaluated. Levels of several mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins, namely p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), were detected in cells treated with TNF-α using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that TROP-2 protein levels increased in cells treated with lower concentrations of TNF-α, but decreased in cells treated with higher concentrations of TNF-α, compared with untreated control. Maximum TROP-2 levels were observed in cells treated with 20 µg/l TNF-α. Migration and invasion were enhanced in cells treated with 20 µg/l TNF-α. When TROP-2 was silenced in colon cancer cells by siRNA, migration and invasion were significantly decreased compared with control cells. TNF-α stimulation activated the ERK1/2 pathway, but did not significantly affect p38 and JNK phosphorylation levels. Treatment with a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed the TNF-α-induced upregulation of TROP-2 and the TNF-α-induced colon cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that low concentrations of TNF-α significantly enhanced colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP-2 via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Square-planar nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes containing 14- and 15-membered tetraaza macrocyclic ligands (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSquare-planar nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes containing 14- and 15-membered tetraaza macrocyclic ligandsJohn G. Martin and Sue C. CummingsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 7, 1477–1482Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50125a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50125a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substituted 2-Picolines Derived from 6-Amino-2-picoline<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted 2-Picolines Derived from 6-Amino-2-picoline1Edwin D. Parker and William ShiveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 1, 63–67Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01193a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01193a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MCM Interconnect Test Scheme Based on Ant Colony Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (2009)

A novel scheme based on ant colony algorithm (ACA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for Multi-chip Module (MCM) interconnect test generation in this paper. By combing the characteristics of MCM interconnect test, the velocity updating equation and position updating equation of PSO is designed for automatic test generation. PSO generates the initial candidate test vectors. Employing the pheromone-updating rule and state transition rule, ACA evolves these initial candidates. The international standard MCM benchmark circuit provided by the MCNC group was used to verify the approach. Simulation results show that the approach can achieve high fault coverage and compact test set, comparing with the evolutionary algorithms and the deterministic algorithms.
Ultra High Temperature, Ultra Short Time Surface Pasteurization of Meat (1996)

ABSTRACT A novel device killed with steam most surface organisms on fresh meat without cooking the surface. Treatment for 25 milliseconds with 145°C thermally saturated steam in the absence of air, followed by vacuum cooling, produced a 4 log kill of an applied dose of 10 7 L. inocua on raw fresh chicken meat. Similar results were achieved on fresh beef and pork. Total cycle time <1 sec suggested that a single unit could serve a broiler processing line, after the chill tank, and before the clean cut‐up line.
Scheduling time-triggered traffic in TTEthernet systems (2012)

TTEthernet is one communication protocol of realtime Ethernet that was designed to fully support a timely-determinism property and mixed-criticality applications in a single network infrastructure. In TTEthernet systems, time-triggered (TT) traffic takes precedence over standard-Ethernet traffic. This paper propose a scheduling approach for TT traffic in TTEthernet systems, by which all various TT communication schedules can be obtained. In each schedule, the periods of given time-critical applications are updated into the new calculated ones. With these updated periods, the cluster cycle length is derived by means of Least Common Multiple. The offset form is classified into two offset forms: continuous offset form, and distributed offset form. The dispatching and receiving instants of TT messages of each time-critical application can be calculated using these periods and offsets.
SAFRA YOLLARI PATOLOJİLERİNDE ÇOK KESİTLİ BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİ VE ENDOSKOPİK KOLANJİOPANKREATOGRAFİ BULGULARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI (2015)

Aim: To investigate diagnostic value of multidedector computed tomography (MDCT) using multiplanar reformation (MPR) and minimum intensity projection (MinIP) techniques with comparison of MDCT findings and endoscopic retrograde findings known as the “gold standart” in patients cholangiopancreatography
A versatile data structure for edge-oriented graph algorithms (1987)

An abstract graph module that allows for easy and secure programming of a great number of graph algorithms is implemented by symmetrically stored forward and backward adjacency lists, thus supporting edge-oriented traversals of general directed and undirected graphs.
Lanthanide Perfluoroalkylsulfonylamide Catalysts for Fluorous Phase Organic Synthesis (1998)

Lanthanide perfluoroalkylsulfonylamide complexes catalyze the Friedel-Crafts acylation and Diels-Alder reaction more efficiently than AlCl3 and Yb(OTf)3 in benzotrifluoride and hexafluoro-p-xylene.
The Rheological Properties and Applications of Modified Starch and Carrageenan Complex as Stabilizer (1993)

Rheological properties of the aqueous solution of various polysaccarides and their effects as a stabilizer in fruit(peach) syrup and yogurt were investigated. Four kinds of modified starch(Sun Kolguard, Sun Registar, Mira Cleer 340 and Maps 449), three types of carrageenan(kappa, iota and lambda types) and pectin were used in this study. The 5% aqueous solution of each modified starch was gelatinized at . After gelatinization, Sun Kolguard showed the highest viscosity among those samples. The synergistic effect of carrageenan on 5% aqueous solution of Sun Kolguard was studied by changing the mixing ratio, and the result showed that the ratio 90:10(Sun Kolguard:carageenan) had the maximum synergistic effect and the effect of iota type carrageenan was higher than that of other types. The effect of Sun Kolguard as a stabilizer in fruit syrup were superior to other modified starches studied. The gelatinization temperature of the addition of iota carrageenan in starch added fruit syrup changed from of 5% aqueous solution to . Furthermore, the viscosity after cooling of syrup which made iota carrageenan and starch added fruit syrup was more increased than simple starch added fruit syrup. The mixture of 90% Sun Kolguard and 10% iota carrageenan were estimated as the most appropriate stabilizer for manufacturing the fruit syrup and yogurt adding fruit syrup.
On the feasibility of completely wireless datacenters (2012)

Conventional datacenters, based on wired networks, entail high wiring costs, suffer from performance bottlenecks, and have low resilience to network failures. In this paper, we investigate a radically new methodology for building wire-free datacenters based on emerging 60GHz RF technology. We propose a novel rack design and a resulting network topology inspired by Cayley graphs that provide a dense interconnect. Our exploration of the resulting design space shows that wireless datacenters built with this methodology can potentially attain higher aggregate bandwidth, lower latency, and substantially higher fault tolerance than a conventional wired datacenter while improving ease of construction and maintenance.
Giant electrocaloric effect in lead-free thin film of strontium bismuth tantalite (2009)

Giant electrocaloric effect was observed in lead-free material for the first time. A demonstration of large electrocaloric effect in 200 nm sol-gel thin film SrBi2Ta2O9 is described here. The ferroelectric hysteresis loops and the film permittivity were measured. The extracted data characterized the electrocaloric temperature change, up to 4.93K in 12V (i.e., 0.41 K V−1) near the Curie point. It is concluded that the giant electrocaloric effect exists in lead-free materials, and a large family of layered perovskite oxides may exhibit analogical property. The absence of lead allows eco-friendly application and enhances compatibility with integrated circuit process in future applications.
Controlled Linkage Techniques for Monosaccharides Introduced (1989)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTControlled Linkage Techniques for Monosaccharides IntroducedMethods allow automation of oligosaccharide production, offer route, similar to oligopeptide synthesis, to specialized carbohydratesSTEPHEN STINSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1989, 67, 35, 25–26Publication Date (Print):August 28, 1989Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 28 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v067n035.p025https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n035.p025newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1989 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Molecules,Nucleic acids,Organic chemistry,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Low Temperature Hetero‐Epitaxial Growth of 3C‐SiC Films on Si Utilizing Microwave Plasma CVD (2013)

Abstract Microwave plasma (MW)CVD is used for the first time in the low‐temperature, hetero‐epitaxial growth of 3C‐SiC films on Si using a gas mixture of tetramethylsilane (TMS) and hydrogen. Good epitaxial matching between the 3C‐SiC film and Si substrate is obtained in the epitaxially grown 3C‐SiC films. Further investigation reveals that microwave powder density and substrate temperature play an important role in the determination of the orientation, SiC/Si interface structure, and morphology of 3C‐SiC films. The presented results show MWCVD might be a potent approach in the future in obtaining large‐scale, high‐quality, single‐crystalline 3C‐SiC films.
Robust visual reranking via sparsity and ranking constraints (2011)

Visual reranking has become a widely-accepted method to improve traditional text-based image search engines. Its basic principle is that visually similar images should have similar ranking scores. While existing methods are different in specifics, almost all of them are based on explicit or implicit pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF). Explicit PRF-based approaches, including classification-based and clustering-based reranking, suffer from the difficulty of selecting reliable positive and negative samples. Implicit PRF-based approaches, such as graph-based and Bayesian visual reranking, deal with such unreliability by making use of the initial ranking in a soft manner, but have limited capability of promoting relevant images and lowering down irrelevant images.
The dissociation energy of the N-N bond in hydrazine (1949)

Abstract The thermal decomposition, of hydrazine was investigated over a temperature range of 630 to 780°C and at pressures of a few mm. Hg. The experiments were carried out in a flow system, toluene being used as a carrier gas. This technique makes it possible to discriminate between the heterogeneous decomposition of hydrazine 3N2H4 → N2 + 4NH3, (1) and 2N2H4 → H2 + N2 + 2NH3 and the homogeneous decomposition to N2H4 → 2NH2. The NH2 radicals produced by the latter process were removed, in the presence of excess toluene, by the rapid reaction (4) C6H5. CH3 + NH2 → C6H5. CH2. + NH3. Thus the rate of formation of dibenzyl measures the rate of reaction (3). The study of the stoichiometry of the overall process, of the kinetics of various steps and of the effect of packing the reaction vessel led to the conclusion that (3) is a homogeneous, unimolecular gas reaction, the rate constant being 4 x 1012 exp (60,000/RT). Assuming that the recombination of NH2 radicals does not involve any energy of activation, it is found that D(NH2-NH2) = 60 ± 3 kcal./mole. This value in conjunction with the relevant thermochemical data leads to the heat of formation of NH2 radical as 4I kcal./mole and to D(NH2--H) = 104 ± 2 kcal./mole. The latter is good evidence in support of. Gaydon’s value of 225 kcal./mole for the heat of dissociation of N2.
Betriebliche Anwendung der demoskopischen Marktforschung (1959)

Jede marktbezogene unternehmerische Entscheidung setzt Informationen über Marktdaten voraus. Da derartige Entscheidungen unter marktwirtschaftlichen Bedingungen stets unter Aufwands- und Ertragsgesichtspunkten gefällt werden, gilt es einmal, die für die Auf wandssituation der Unternehmung bedeutsamen Marktdaten zu überblicken, zum anderen, die für die Ertragslage relevanten Daten zu kennen. Erste und grundlegende Aufgabe der Marktforschung ist es, dem Unternehmer einen auf Grund wissenschaftlicher Verfahren gewonnenen und daher lückenlosen und präzisen Überblick über diese Daten zu vermitteln, die unternehmerische Entscheidungsbildung also auf einen hinreichend genauen Informationsgrad zu stützen.