gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Orientation and Electrochemical Stability of Azobenzene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold:  An In-Situ FTIR Study (2000)

The relationship between the physical properties of azobenzene self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold surfaces (CnH2n+1OφNNφC(O)NHCmH2mSAu, abbreviated as CnAzoCmS−Au) and the structural nature of the parent alkanethiol molecules was investigated by electrochemical in-situ Fourier transform infrared reflection/absorption spectroscopy (FTIR−RAS). The 2H+, 2e- redox behavior from azobenzene to hydrazobenzene in CnAzoCmS−Au monolayers was confirmed, as reported in our recent paper (Langmuir 1998, 14, 619−624). The in-situ spectra showed unambiguously that the molecular orientation and electrochemical stability of azobenzene SAMs are highly related to the structural nature of the azobenzene alkanethiols. In particular, the longer the alkyl chains in the azobenzene alkanethiols, the more stable and closely packed are the monolayers. A potential-induced orientational switching of the terminal ethoxy group was observed for C2AzoC4S−Au, which is different from the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding “fixed” alkyl chain below the azobenzene moiety.
Simultaneous Preparation of Purified Plasmalogens and Sphingomyelin in Human Erythrocytes with Phospholipase A<sub>1</sub>from<i>Aspergillus orizae</i> (2009)

A method for the simultaneous purification of plasmalogens and sphingomyelin (SM) in human erythrocytes is described. Treatment of total lipids with n-hexane/acetone (1:1 v/v) resulted in selective precipitation of SM. Both the supernatant and the precipitate fractions were incubated with a phospholipase A(1) (PLA1) from Aspergillus orizae for 3.5 h. The PLA1-treated lipids were extracted with n-hexane/isopropanol, the hexane layer was obtained using a Na(2)SO(4) solution, and the hexane layer was further washed with water. At this step, the relative concentration of the plasmalogens was 92% of the total phospholipids in the supernatant fraction, and that of SM was 97.7% in the precipitate fraction. Each fraction was applied to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for further purification. The plasmalogen and SM obtained were almost free of the other lipids. The purity of the plasmalogens and SM was monitored by HPLC, which can separate intact plasmalogens from their diacyl analogs.
Nitrones and oxaziridines. XV. Approaches to 3-Oxo-1-pyrroline 1-Oxides by oxidation of 1-Pyrroline 1-Oxides (1976)

5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide can be converted either by selenium dioxide or 3-methylbutylnitrite into the related 3-oxo compound, but the reaction is not general for other nitrones. Three 3-ethoxycarbonyl- 1-pyrroline 1-oxides have been prepared by base-catalysed acylation of simple pyrroline oxides, and nitrosation of one of these compounds results in the formation of a 3-oxo-pyrroline. The peracid oxidation of this oxopyrroline affords an oxazinone, the product of ring expansion.
An Integrated Self-Testing Framework for Autonomic Computing Systems (2007)

As the technologies of autonomic computing become more prevalent, it is essential to develop methodologies for testing their dynamic self-management operations. Self-management features in autonomic systems induce structural and behavioral changes to the system during its execution, which need to be validated to avoid costly system failures. The high level of automation in autonomic systems also means that human errors such as incorrect goal specification could yield potentially disastrous effects on the components being managed; further emphasizing the need for runtime testing. In this paper we propose a self-testing framework for autonomic computing systems to dynamically validate change requests. Our framework extends the current architecture of autonomic systems to include self-testing as an implicit characteristic, regardless of the self-management features being implemented. We validate our framework by creating a prototype of an autonomic system that incorporates the ability to self-test.
Effects of Mechanical Stress and Plant Density on Mechanical Characteristics, Growth, and Lifetime Reproduction of Tobacco Plants (2005)

Plastic increases in stem elongation in dense vegetation are generally believed to be induced by canopy shading, but because plants protect each other from wind, shielding (reduced mechanical stress) could also play a role. To address this issue, tobacco Nicotiana tabacum plants were subjected to two levels of mechanical stress, 0 (control) or 40 (flexed) daily flexures, and grown solitarily, in a dense monostand (with plants of only one mechanical treatment), or in a mixed stand (flexed and control plants grown together). Flexed plants produced shorter and thicker stems with a lower Young's modulus than control plants, while dense-stand plants had relatively taller and thinner stems than solitary ones. Flexing effects on stem characteristics were independent of stand density. Growth, reproduction, and survival of solitary plants were not affected by flexing, while in the monostand growth was slightly reduced. But in the mixed stand, flexed plants were readily shaded by controls and had considerably lower growth, survival, and reproduction rates. These results suggest that wind shielding indeed plays a role in the plastic increase in stem elongation of plants in dense vegetation and that this response can have important consequences for competitive ability and lifetime seed production.
Gnss Signal Processing in Gpu (2013)

ABSTRACT Signal processing of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is a computationally demanding task due to the wide bandwidth of the signals and their complicated modulation schemes. The classical GNSS receivers therefore utilize tailored digital signal processors (DSP) not being flexible in nature. Fortunately, the up-to-date parallel processors or graphical processing units (GPUs) dispose sufficient computational power for processing of not only relatively narrow band GPS L1 C/A signal but also the modernized GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and COMPASS signals. The performance improvement of the modern processors is based on the constantly increasing number of cores. This trend is evident not only from the development of the central processing units (CPUs), but also from the development of GPUs that are nowadays equipped with up to several hundreds of cores optimized for video signals. GPUs include special vector instructions that support implementation of massive parallelism. The new GPUs, named as general-purpose computation on graphics processing units (GPGPU), are able to process both graphic and general data, thus making the GNSS signal processing possible. Application programming interfaces (APIs) supporting GPU parallel processing have been developed and standardized. The most general one, Open Computing Language (Open CL), is now supported by most of the GPU vendors. Next, Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) language was developed for NVidia graphic cards. The CUDA language features optimized signal processing libraries including efficient implementation of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). In this paper, we study the applicability of the GPU approach in GNSS signal acquisition. Two common parallel DSP methods, parallel code space search (PCSS) and double-block zero padding (DBZP), have been investigated. Implementations in the C language for CPU and the CUDA language for GPU are discussed and compared with respect to the acquisition time. It is shown that for signals with long ranging codes (with 10230 number of chips - Galileo E5, GPS L5 etc.). Paper presented at the "European Navigation Conference 2012", held in Gdansk, Poland
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena 8. Tritiation of irreversible mu or delta specific opioid receptor affinity ligands to high specific activity (1984)

Abstract Tritiation of the delta‐specific opioid alkylating ligand FIT, 3 and the mu‐specific opioid alkylating ligand BIT, 9 to high specific activity is described. Both compounds were derived from dibrominated amino intermediates ( 4 and 10 , respectively) which were tritiated with tritium gas over Pd/C before conversion of the amine functions to isothiocyanates.
Blind linear and decision feedback equalizers using fourth-order moments and their performance on twisted pair lines (2002)

High bit-rate data transmission over severely distorting channels with time varying transmission characteristics like copper lines in the local loop requires adaptive channel equalization. Usual equalization techniques are linear and decision feed back equalization. The adaption is in general based on the decisions of a slicer or tentative decisions of a Viterbi decoder (data-aided equalization). Evidently, data-aided equalization schemes need a fairly good initial setup of equalizer coefficients to ensure that most of the (tentatively) decoded symbols are correct. Blind equalization algorithms allow estimating the equalizer coefficients without any knowledge about the channel or the data sent. In the paper, a stochastic equalization criterion based on the kurtosis, i.e. a shape factor of the signal's probability distribution function, is introduced. Using this criterion and applying a well-known stochastic gradient algorithm, the blind deconvolution algorithm of Shalvi and Weinstein [1990] for linear equalizers can be deduced. The authors generalize this approach to decision feedback equalizers. To combat residual stationary noise due to statistical uncertainty they propose a mixed blind/data-aided equalizer structure. Simulation results are given for linear and decision feedback equalization using pure stochastic as well as mixed algorithms.
Insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. (1991)

Insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, impaired metabolism and storage of important nutrients, evidence of autoimmunity, and long-term vascular and neurologic complications. Insulin secretory function is limited. Cell membrane binding is not primarily involved. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and to achieve blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible without severe hypoglycemia. However, even with education and self-monitoring of the blood glucose level, attaining recommended target values (plasma glucose level less than 8.0 mmol/L before main meals for adults) remains difficult. Human insulin offers no advantage in glycemic control but is important in the management and prevention of immune-related clinical problems (e.g., injection-site lipoatrophy, insulin resistance and allergy) associated with the use of beef or pork insulin. Therapy with one or two injections per day of mixed short-acting or intermediate-acting insulin preparations is a compromise between convenience and the potential for achieving target plasma glucose levels. Intensive insulin therapy with multiple daily injections or continuous infusion with an insulin pump improves mean glycated hemoglobin levels; however, it increases rates of severe hypoglycemia and has not been shown to decrease the incidence of clinically significant renal, retinal or neurologic dysfunction. Future prospects include automated techniques of insulin delivery, immunosuppression to preserve endogenous insulin secretion and islet transplantation.
Indicators of adult information literacy (2012)

Information literacy (IL), defined as the capacity to locate, evaluate and use information to create new knowledge, is a core adult life skill and an extension of the notion of functional literacy. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has identified information literacy as an essential capacity for participation in the knowledge economy and has included this construct as a strategic priority in the Information for All Programme (IFAP).To support this initiative UNESCO has commissioned research to consider whether a household survey could be used to identify the extent to which people in member states are information literate in all aspects of their life, including work and lifelong learning, and in relation to their personal well-being, and in their participation in civil society. United Nations agencies use surveys to provide indications of the extent to which various agreed objectives are being achieved. These include international surveys of education and of health and well-being. This paper reports on an investigation aimed at determining whether indicators of IL could be identified by secondary analysis of existing data collected in other household surveys.It was concluded that IL has unique elements that are not encompassed in the surveys that were examined.
PD-1 derived CA-170 is an oral immune checkpoint inhibitor that exhibits preclinical anti-tumor efficacy (2021)

Small molecule immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 and other pathways may offer advantages including ease of dosing, ability to manage immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to their shorter pharmacokinetic exposure and opportunity to target more than one pathway for improving efficacy. Here we describe the identification and characterization of CA-170, an amino acid inspired small molecule inhibitor of PD-L1 and VISTA derived from the interface of PD-1 and PD-L1. CA-170 exhibited potent rescue of proliferation and effector functions of T cells inhibited by PD-L1/L2 and VISTA with selectivity over other immune checkpoint proteins as well as a broad panel of receptors and enzymes. Observed blocking of PD-L1 signaling and binding to PD-L1 in the cellular context without preventing the assembly of PD-1:PD-L1 complex support the formation of a defective ternary complex as the mechanism of action of CA-170. Oral administration of CA-170 resulted in increased proliferation and activation of T cells in the tumor, and significant anti-tumor efficacy in a number of immunocompetent mouse tumor models either as a single agent or in combination with approved therapeutics. These results prompted the advancement of CA-170 to human clinical trials.
Age prediction using a large chest x-ray dataset (2019)

Age prediction based on appearances of different anatomies in medical images has been clinically explored for many decades. In this paper, we used deep learning to predict a person’s age on Chest X-Rays. Specifically, we trained a CNN in regression fashion on a large publicly available dataset. Moreover, for interpretability, we explored activation maps to identify which areas of a CXR image are important for the machine (i.e. CNN) to predict a patient’s age, offering insight. Overall, amongst correctly predicted CXRs, we see areas near the clavicles, shoulders, spine and mediastinum being most activated for age prediction, as one would expect biologically. As CXR is the most commonly requested imaging exam, a potential use case for estimating age may be found in the preventative counselling of patient health status compared to their age-expected average, particularly when there is a large discrepancy between predicted age and the real patient age.
New GaAs-MMIC process technology using low-temperaturedepositedSrTiO <sub>3</sub> thin film capacitors (1994)

The authors have developed a new GaAs-MMIC process technology using low-temperature deposited SrTiO3 thin film capacitors which were combined with WSi-gate selfaligned FETs. The SrTiO3 films were successfully deposited at 200°C by the RF magnetron sputtering method without degrading the FET characteristics. By integrating these on-chip SrTiO3 bypass capacitors onto the GaAs IC, the parasitic inductance from the source to ground interconnection was successfully reduced and an enhanced gain characteristic was obtained for a self-biased amplifier circuit.
Antistaphylocoagulase in experimental staphylococcal infections. (1956)

A study has been made of the effects of anti-staphylocoagulase in acute staphylococcal infections of rabbits and mice. Rabbits actively immunized with coagulase were more resistant to intravenous challenge with coagulase-positive, but not coagulase-negative staphylococci. When mice were injected intraperitoneally with coagulase-positive staphylococci suspended in a clotting system (fibrinogen/co-factor), serum from rabbits immunized with coagulase diminished the virulence of these staphylococci provided it was allowed to come into contact with the challenge organisms for 30 minutes before the addition of the clotting system. The virulence of the organisms was also diminished under the same conditions by human serum containing coagulase-inhibiting antibodies. This diminution of virulence was not produced by alpha antitoxin or staphylococcal agglutinating serum, and was not demonstrable against coagulase-negative staphylococci. It is considered that the diminution of virulence observed in mice was due to the in vitro inhibition of coagulase activity, and that the active immunity observed in rabbits was probably associated with in vivo inhibition of coagulase activity.
Identification and cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene. (1990)

To bridge the gap in molecular biology technology of crossing large distances of chromosomal DNA, the technique of chromosome jumping was developed and applied to a marker closely linked to the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene as a model system. This application was successful, resulting in a clone mapping closer to the CF locus than the marker, the met protooncogene. To determine the physical distance to be crossed in order to detect the CF gene, a long-range restriction map was constructed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting. This map showed the pertinent region to be approximately 1.5 million base pairs in length. Chromosome jumping was continued through the region, ultimately landing next to a CpG, or HTF, island, which is often an indicator for the presence of a gene. This island was at the 5$\sp\prime$ end of the CF gene, and was used to detect cDNA copies of the gene. This gene, based on homology to other described proteins, appears to encode a membrane bound transport protein, called CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. In order to carry out expression studies on the CF gene, it was necessary to construct a full length copy of the gene in cDNA form. It was found, however, that the normal sequence of the gene is toxic to the E. coli cloning hosts, presumably due to the presence of a cryptic bacterial promoter within the cDNA sequence. This problem has been circumvented by the addition of an excisable 10 bp fragment which contains a stop codon in the reading frame.
Human saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophages (2011)

Exosomes in saliva, plasma and breast milk all contain RNA, confirming previous findings that exosomes from several sources contain RNA. Furthermore, exosomes are readily taken up by macrophages, supporting the notion that exosomal RNA can be shuttled between cells.
Polymer‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts: Synthetic Strategies for the Road Towards Affordable Polymeric Immobilization (2010)

Abstract In this microreview, we highlight the field of polymer‐supported organocatalysis, especially immobilized enamine and iminium organocatalysts. We try to formalize the overall synthetic strategies for polymeric immobilization as spanning the area of two overlapping regions, from a copolymer strategy favoured by low‐valued and small catalysts to a classical post‐modification strategy favoured by valuable and/or large catalysts. Organocatalysis is particularly interesting as it is probably best described as being located in the transitional region, and we will trace the historic and factual origins for the unfortunate predispositions towards post‐modification schemes. In addition, we try to identify affordable and useful syntheses of key organocatalyst immobilization intermediates, as well as polymer supports that are more compatible with a broader range of reaction solvent polarity, something of crucial importance in organocatalysis.
The Pentamethylcyclopentadienylsilicon(II) Cation as a Catalyst for the Specific Degradation of Oligo(ethyleneglycol) Diethers (2011)

Der ungewöhnliche Katalysator Cp*Si+ kann Oligo(ethylenglycol)-Diether RO(CH2CH2O)nR abbauen (siehe Schema). An seiner offenen Si-Koordinationssphäre können bis zu vier Si-O-Kontakte gebildet werden. Kristallstrukturdaten der reaktiven Verbindungen [Cp*Si(dme)]+BR4− und [Cp*Si([12]Krone-4)]+BR4− (R=C6F5) zeigen schwach gebundene Ethermoleküle.
Water Exchange Filter (WEX Filter) for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Macromolecules (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater Exchange Filter (WEX Filter) for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of MacromoleculesSusumu Mori, Mark O'Neil Johnson, Jeremy M. Berg, and Peter C. M. van ZijlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 26, 11982–11984Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00105a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the Binding Protein for Epidermal Growth Factor (1974)

Abstract Physical, chemical, and enzymatic properties of the protein which binds epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been examined. A molecular weight of 29,300 was determined from sedimentation equilibrium studies, in agreement with a value of 30,000 calculated from the s020, w (2.83 S) and D020, w (8.73 x 10-7 cm2 s-1). It has an E1%1 cm at 280 nm of 15.6 and the isoelectric point is 5.6. The circular dichroic spectrum indicates a major nonhelical character with a minor amount of α helical structure. The amino acid composition was determined. No free sulfhydryl groups were detected. Hexosamine analysis revealed the presence of glucosamine and galactosamine. EGF-binding protein was found to be an arginine esterase with a restricted substrate specificity. Kinetic studies of the catalytic hydrolysis of Nα-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester revealed a Km of 130 µm and a pH optimum in the range of pH 7.8 to 8.5, where the specific activity is approximately 390 µmoles per min per mg. This arginine esterase is not identical, but is related antigenically, to the arginine esterases associated with the nerve growth factor complex. The EGF-binding protein is postulated to function in the enzymatic liberation of active EGF from an inactive precursor.
Upgrading and Repairing Your PC Answers!: Certified Tech Support (1998)

Do you need to upgrade, or do you want to upgrade? do you have what it takes? can your software do it? what can you really do to your computer? where do you start? how do you tell your computer what you are doing? where can you go to find space? where can you go to find more space? why do you have to do to look better? how can you hear why it is thinking? when is it my turn to talk? how do you talk to other computer? what to do about printing? who do you turn to for help?