gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study on fixed flight-path angle descent for wide-body passenger aircraft (2018)

This study proposes the use of fixed flight-path angle (FPA) descent as a potential alternative for eco-friendly air traffic operations. Additionally, given that the proposed descent procedure follows a fixed, assigned flight-path angle, with the aircraft continuously descending toward the runway threshold with near-idle thrust, the trajectory should be more predictable for air-traffic controllers. As such, the proposed approach is expected to contribute significantly toward decreasing the air traffic fuel consumption, while simultaneously facilitating the air traffic controllers’ task of maintaining the required time spacing between concurrent traffic. Furthermore, FPA descent does not require any retrofits in the fundamental components of current ground systems and/or onboard avionics. This paper clarifies the feasibility of fixed flight-path angle descent for B777-200 and B787-8 wide-body jet passenger aircraft, envisaging its implementation in near-term operations. A total of 30 trials were carried out in a series of experiments designed to evaluate the proposed descent method, considering arrivals at two major international airports in Japan—the Tokyo and Kansai International Airports—using B777-200 and B787-800 full flight simulators of a national airline. The pilots’ procedures, cockpit operability, assigned vertical path tracking performance, and fuel efficiency associated with the proposed FPA descent are discussed and compared with those of conventional arrival operations. The analysis results indicate that the fixed flight-path angle descent is feasible for large-sized jet aircraft within the assumed operational environment, and that its combined use with speed control has the potential to result in even better energy-saving performance in future air traffic management operations.
A Compendium of Directional Calculations Based on the Minimum CurvatureMethod: Part 2 (2007)

A Compendium of Directional Calculations Based on the Minimum Curvature Method: Part 2 S. J. Sawaryn; S. J. Sawaryn BP Exploration Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar M. A. Tulceanu M. A. Tulceanu Total Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., November 2007. Paper Number: SPE-110014-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/110014-MS Published: November 11 2007 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Sawaryn, S. J., and M. A. Tulceanu. "A Compendium of Directional Calculations Based on the Minimum Curvature Method: Part 2." Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., November 2007. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/110014-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search Abstract The point to target calculations contained in part one of the compendium1 were restricted to those cases in which the 3D target coordinates were stated explicitly. However, another class of problems exists where the target's structural position is determined indirectly from other constraints defining the arc's orientation. This new paper builds on the earlier work and contains complete details of twelve explicit algorithms, including the calculation of a target based on the toolface at the start or end of an arc and for the landing of a well path parallel to a formation bedding plane.These cases find practical application in computing trajectories of motor runs and in whip-stocking operations. The curvature of the trajectory landing on a bedding plane varies with direction and has a distinct minimum and maximum. These values may be used to either minimise the distance to the target or limit the dog leg severity to avoid drill-pipe fatigue, a concern in short radius drilling applications.The algorithms add to the compendium and are useful extensions to the engineer's computational toolkit. The paper shows that the trajectories, computed using the minimum curvature calculation are contained on the geometric surfaces defined by a torus or cyclide. These geometries explain why the explicit solutions exist, opening up possibilities for obtaining solutions to the more complex cases. Keywords: trajectory design, calculation, plane, toolface, well planning, final toolface, Unit vector, cyclide, solution exist, azimuth Subjects: Well Planning, Drilling Operations, Trajectory design Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
Two-capacitor DAC with compensative switching (1995)

A simple modification of the passive two-capacitor cyclic digital-to-analogue converter is presented. The switching strategy was optimised for compensating, to a large extent, the effect of capacitor mismatch. The mean square nonlinearity was reduced to ~1/4 of its original value.
Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining (2016)

Aiming to address the following major engineering issues faced by the Pingdingshan No. 12 mine: (1) difficulty in implementing auxiliary lifting because of its depth (i.e., beyond 1000 m); (2) highly gassy main coal seam with low permeability; (3) unstable overlying coal seam without suitable conditions for implementing conventional mining techniques for protective coal seam; and (4) predominant reliance on “under three” coal resources to ensure production output. This study proposes an integrated, closed-cycle mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining (MDGBM) technique. The proposed approach involves the mining of protective coal seam, underground dressing of coal and gangue (UDCG), pressure relief and gas drainage before extraction, and backfilling and mining of the protected coal seam. A system for draining gas and mining the protective seam in the rock stratum is designed and implemented based on the geological conditions. This system helps in realizing pressure relief and gas drainage from the protective seam before extraction. Accordingly, another system, which is connected to the existing production system, is established for the UDCG based on the dense medium-shallow trough process. The mixed mining workface is designed to accommodate both solid backfill and conventional fully mechanized coal mining, thereby facilitating coal mining, USCG, and backfilling. The results show that: The mixed mining workface length for the Ji15-31010 protected seam was 220 m with coal production capacity 1.2 million tons per year, while the backfill capacity of gangue was 0.5 million tons per year. The gas pressure decreased from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, and the total amount of safely mined coal was 1.34 million tons. The process of simultaneously exploiting coal and draining gas was found to be safe, efficient, and green. This process also yielded significant economic benefits.
α<sub>1</sub>-Acid glycoprotein reduces local and remote injuries after intestinal ischemia in the rat (1997)

The aim of this study was to look at the role of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as a natural anti-inflammatory agent with particular respect to its antineutrophil and anticomplement activity. A recombinantly engineered form of sialyl Lewisx (sLe(x))-bearing alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (sAGP) was administered intravenously to pentobarbital-anesthetized rats after 50 min of intestinal ischemia just before 4 h of reperfusion. A non-sLe(x)-bearing form of AGP (nsAGP) was used as control. sAGP-treated animals had a 62% reduction (P < 0.05) in remote lung injury, assessed by 125I-albumin permeability, compared with those treated with nsAGP (permeability index of 3.61 +/- 0.15 x 10(-3) and 5.18 +/- 0.67 x 10(-3), respectively). There was a reduction in pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels in sAGP-treated rats compared with nsAGP-treated rats. Complement-dependent intestinal injury, assessed by 125I-albumin permeability was reduced by 28% (P < 0.05) in animals treated with sAGP (7.58 +/- 0.63) compared with those treated with nsAGP (10.4 +/- 0.54). We conclude that sAGP ameliorates both complement- and neutrophil-mediated injuries.
Oral contraceptives and metabolic risk markers for coronary heart disease. (1991)

Disturbances in both the plasma lipid profile and in insulin handling have been implicated in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Estrogens and progestins are known to affect significantly both lipid and insulin metabolism. Since an increased incidence of myocardial infarction has been identified among users of oral contraceptives (OCs), the metabolic effect of these drugs on risk factors for CHD is of interest. Comparison of a range of monophasic and triphasic OCs that differ primarily in their progestin content has shown that lowering the progestin dose and using a less androgenic steroid reduce the impact on both low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). In terms of the HDL-2 subfraction, a lipoprotein class that may be of special relevance to the development of CHD, low-dose norethindrone and desogestrel monophasic agents had the least adverse effect. Triglyceride levels were increased by the low-dose OCs used in this study; this may be an unavoidable consequence of current trends in OC development. However, the clinical significance of these increased triglyceride levels is not clear. Glucose tolerance deteriorated similarly with all the formulations in this study, although the effect on insulin concentrations was less marked with formulations containing lower doses of progestins. It was concluded that reducing the progestin dose and changing the progestin type effectively reduce the adverse impact of OCs on metabolic risk for CHD. Although further study is recommended, the use of OC formulations without adverse effects on risk profile is indicated.
Improved Gilbert-Varshamov bound for constrained systems (1992)

Nonconstructive existence results are obtained for block error-correcting codes whose codewords lie in a given constrained system. Each such system is defined as a set of words obtained by reading the labels of a finite directed labeled graph. For a prescribed constrained system and relative minimum distance delta , the new lower bounds on the rate of such codes improve on those derived recently by V.D. Kolesnik and V.Y. Krachkovsky (1991). The better bounds are achieved by considering a special subclass of sequences in the constrained system, namely, those having certain empirical statistics determined by delta .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical blending for multi-projector display wall systems (2003)

In this presentation, we will give a brief overview of the Scalable Display Wall project, and then focus on a low-cost optical blending technique that we developed to implement a seamless display with multiple tiled projectors. We will also describe a digital tuning technique to improve the blending technique.
A FIFO ring performance experiment (2002)

We describe a high-speed FIFO circuit intended to compare the performance of an asynchronous FIFO with that of a clocked shift register using the same data path. The FIFO uses a pulse-like protocol to advance data along the pipeline. Use of this protocol requires careful management of circuit delays within its control circuits, as well as in the coordination of control signals with movement of bundled data. In simulations using hSpice, the throughput of the asynchronous circuit matches that of a two-phase clocked design. We fabricated 50 parts through MOSIS using their 0.6 micron design rules. We estimate from test measurements that the internal FIFO stages could support a maximum throughput from 930 million data items per second for the slowest of the 50 chips to 1126 million per second for the fastest chip. All 50 samples operated correctly as 3.3 V nominal Vdd varied from 1.67 V to over 4.8 V, with corresponding changes in operating speed and power as the supply voltage changed.
Emerging low-density lipoprotein therapies: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors (2013)

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of enterocytes and hepatocytes, is necessary for the formation of chylomicron and very low-density lipoprotein particles. Lomitapide is a small molecule microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an adjunct to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering therapies for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Results from clinical trials of lomitapide have demonstrated its ability to reduce atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations in this population. Most recently, in a phase 3 clinical trial of 29 men and women with homozygous FH (mean baseline LDL-C, 336 mg/dL) who were on stable doses of concomitant lipid therapies and a low-fat diet, lomitapide was gradually titrated over 26 weeks (from 5 to 60 mg/d), followed by 52 weeks at the maximum tolerated dose. LDL-C decreased from baseline by 50% at 26 weeks, and reductions were maintained through the end of the study. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequent side effects and the most common reason for failure to tolerate lomitapide dose escalation. Few patients had elevated aspartate or alanine aminotransferases; bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels were unaffected; and hepatic fat increased by ≈ 10 g/100 g. In conclusion, recent data support the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of low-dose titrated lomitapide in patients with homozygous FH; however, concerns regarding increased hepatic fat will need to be addressed in long-term safety studies.
Shared data for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) optimization research: the CORT dataset (2014)

Here we present an open dataset - the first of its kind - to the radiation oncology community, which will allow researchers to compare methods for optimizing radiation dose delivery.
Poor immunogenicity of a self/tumor antigen derives from peptide–MHC-I instability and is independent of tolerance (2004)

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the poor immunogenicity of human self/tumor antigens is challenging because of experimental limitations in humans. Here, we developed a human-mouse chimeric model that allows us to investigate the roles of the frequency and self-reactivity of antigen-specific T cells in determination of the immunogenicity of an epitope (amino acids 209–217) derived from a human melanoma antigen, gp100. In these transgenic mice, CD8(+) T cells express the variable regions of a human T cell receptor (hTCR) specific for an HLA-A*0201–restricted gp100(209–217). Immunization of hTCR-transgenic mice with gp100(209–217) peptide elicited minimal T cell responses, even in mice in which the epitope was knocked out. Conversely, a modified epitope, gp100(209–217(2M)), was significantly more immunogenic. Both biological and physical assays revealed a fast rate of dissociation of the native peptide from the HLA-A*0201 molecule and a considerably slower rate of dissociation of the modified peptide. In vivo, the time allowed for dissociation of peptide-MHC complexes on APCs prior to their exposure to T cells significantly affected the induction of immune responses. These findings indicate that the poor immunogenicity of some self/tumor antigens is due to the instability of the peptide-MHC complex rather than to the continual deletion or tolerization of self-reactive T cells.
Combined enzymic-Jaffé method for determination of creatinine in serum. (1981)

Concentrations of creatinine, as determined in serum by a method involving the combined use of creatinine amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.10) and alkaline sodium picrate were found to be factitiously low, owing to a reversal of the enzyme reaction. This effect could be eliminated by converting creatine, the product of the enzymic reaction, to creatine phosphate. The combined enzymic-Jaffé method was therefore modified to include creatine amidohydrolase, creatine kinase, ATP, and Mg2+ in the reaction mixture. The modified method has good precision. We saw no significant interferences by relatively high concentrations of acetone, acetylacetone, ADP, creatine, creatine phosphate, glucose, glycocyamine, or pyruvate. Likewise, no interferences were evident with icteric, lipemic, or hemolytic serum samples. There was an excellent agreement between creatinine values obtained with our method and by a reference method based on isotope dilution-mass fragmentography. Our method is considerably simpler than the fully enzymic method for determination of creatinine and might be a method of choice if a high accuracy is desired.
High-speed photodiodes for InP-based photonic integrated circuits (2012)

We demonstrate the feasibility of monolithic integration of evanescently coupled Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiodes (UTC-PDs) having a bandwidth exceeding 100 GHz with Multimode Interference (MMI) couplers. This platform is suitable for active-passive, butt-joint monolithic integration with various Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) devices for narrow linewidth millimeter-wave photomixing sources. The fabricated devices achieved a high 3-dB bandwidth of up to 110 GHz and a generated output power of more than 0 dBm (1 mW) at 120 GHz with a flat frequency response over the microwave F-band (90-140 GHz).
Interconnection Processes and Materials (1990)

The performance of today's electronic and photonic systems is largely limited by interconnection technology. Using silicon-based multichip modules and hybrid optical packaging as exemplary models, we show how high-performance interconnection technology can be achieved at low cost. The key is to choose materials and processes that are compatible with today's very-large-scale integrated-circuit manufacturing.
Conformational analysis of 3-substituted-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (1987)

2,3,4,5-Tetrahedro-1-benzoxepin (8) and its 3-substituted derivatives (9–13) have been studied by 1 H and 13 C dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance in a few solvent systems. The results show that, while 8 and its methyl derivative 9 exist solely in chair forms (C for 8 and C e :C a (96:4) for 9), the twist-boat (TB) conformation contributes significantly to the conformational equilibria of the derivatives 3-methoxy 10 (C a :C e :TB, 70:20:10), 3,3-dimethyl 11 (C:TB, 90:10), 3,3-methylmethoxy 12(C a :C e :TB, 89:4:7), and 3,3-dimethoxy 13 (C:TB, 92:8). The analysis of several factors (steric, electrostatic, and electronic) on the conformational behaviour of these molecules shows why the TB form is a viable conformational alternative to destabilized chair forms in this benzoxepin system.
Exosomes originating from MSCs stimulated with TGF‐β and IFN‐γ promote Treg differentiation (2018)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been approved as a cellular drug for the treatment of a variety of immune-related diseases by the government of many countries'. Previous investigations, including ours, have shown that exosomes secreted by MSCs (MSC-ex) are one of the main factors responsible for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. However, the immune modulation activities and the contents of MSC-ex derived from cells under different incubation conditions differ dramatically. Therefore, the optimal way to ensure effectiveness is by identifying and preparing MSC-ex with confirmed potent immunosuppressive activity. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the composition and function of MSC-ex secreted by MSCs stimulated by different cytokines to obtain exosomes with more potent immunosuppressive activity. To achieve this aim, umbilical cord-derived MSCs were treated with PBS, TGF-β, IFN-γ, or TGF-β plus IFN-γ for 72 hr. Then, exosomes were isolated from the culture supernatants. Common exosome markers, such as CD9, CD63, and CD81, were detected and analyzed by FCM. At the same time, the TGF-β, IFN-γ, IDO, and IL-10 content in exosomes was detected, and the influence of exosmes from defferent groups on the induction of mononuclear cell transformation into Tregs was analyzed via FCM. Our results show that the TGF-β combined with IFN-γ exosome group more effectively promoted the transformation of mononuclear cells to Tregs, and the analysis showed that IDO may play an important role. This study might provide a novel strategy to treat GVHD as well as other immune-associated disorders.
Inositol for depressive disorders (2004)

It is currently unclear whether or not inositol is of benefit in the treatment of depression. Ongoing studies should reduce this uncertainty.
Multi-gigabit Real-time Coherent Optical OFDM Receiver (2009)

We report the first FPGA-based real-time implementation of a multi-gigabit receiver for coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) signal. The basic CO-OFDM signal processing and BER sensitivity performance are evaluated in real-time.
Increased Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations and Low Molecular Weight Phenotypes of Apolipoprotein(a) Are Associated with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease (2007)

In this study sample, both increased serum concentrations of Lp(a) and the presence of LMW apo(a) phenotypes were associated with the presence of symptomatic PAD independent of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. Because PAD is considered an indicator of systemic atherosclerotic disease, our results suggest a possible role of Lp(a) as a genetically determined marker for systemic atherosclerosis.
A Pyrolysis Furnace with Reactor Tubes of Elliptical Cross Section (1996)

Circular tubes suspended in pyrolysis furnaces suffer from significant nonuniformities in heat flux, tube skin temperature, and coking rate profiles around the tube perimeter, due to the presence of “front” sides and “shadow” sides on the tubes. Simulation results for an ethane cracker with cracking tubes of elliptical cross section reveal that smoother circumferential heat flux, tube skin temperature, and coking rate profiles are obtained as the eccentricity of the elliptical tubes increases. The circumferential maximal values in coking rates are reduced by 30%. The more uniform tube skin temperature distributions and coke layers in tubes of elliptical cross section favor the run length of the furnace and the tube metal life.
The role of genetic algorithms in neural network query-based learning and explanation facilities (2003)

Genetic algorithms are used as a means of achieving neural network inversion. Neural network inversion allows a user to find one or more neural network input patterns which yield a specific output. The input patterns obtained from the genetic algorithm can use in training partially-trained networks, as well as in the building of neural network system explanation facilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>