gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition attenuates pulmonary inflammation in neonatal lung injury (2007)

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors may offer novel therapeutic strategies in respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, selective PDE4 inhibitors may also provide a therapeutic option for very pre-term infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The anti-inflammatory effect of two PDE4 inhibitors was investigated in a pre-term rat model of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Pre-term rat pups were exposed to room air, hyperoxia, or hyperoxia and one of two PDE4 inhibitors: rolipram and piclamilast. The anti-inflammatory effects of prolonged PDE4 inhibitor therapy were investigated by studying survival, histopathology, fibrin deposition, alveolar vascular leakage and differential mRNA expression (real-time RT-PCR) of key genes involved in inflammation, alveolar enlargement, coagulation and fibrinolysis. PDE4 inhibitor therapy prolonged median survival by up to 7 days and reduced alveolar fibrin deposition, lung inflammation and vascular leakage by decreasing the influx of monocytes and macrophages and protein efflux in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Analysis of mRNA expression of key genes involved in experimental BPD revealed a significant PDE4 inhibitor-induced improvement of genes involved in inflammation, fibrin deposition and alveolarisation. In conclusion, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition prolongs survival by inhibiting inflammation and reducing alveolar fibrin deposition in pre-term rat pups with neonatal hyperoxic lung injury, whereby piclamilast outperformed rolipram.
Generalised reliability‐based syndrome decoding of LDPC codes (2008)

Abstract Aimed at bridging the gap between the maximum likelihood and the suboptimal decoding schemes for short or medium LDPC codes, a generalised ordered statistic decoding (OSD), in the form of syndrome decoding, is presented in the paper. The OSD is invoked once when a nonzero decoding syndrome is returned for the preceded belief propagation (BP) or min‐sum (MS) variants. With respect to the OSD with an accumulative reliability metric for the BP in the logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) domain, we extend the metric to the BP in the probability domain. Furthermore, the OSD with the metric specific for the MS variants, shows an appealing trade‐off between performance and complexity. Meanwhile, when determining the optimal error pattern estimation, an alternative designed to reduce the number of the required real additions proves to be effective. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Filling and Post-filling Simulation of Plastic Injection Molding Based on Surface Model (2002)

Computer simulation packages have been success in predicting filling and post-filling behavior in extremely complicated geometries. However, most of the current numerical implementation is based on a hybrid finite-element/finite-difference solution with the middle-plane model. This kind of model leads to some inconveniences in applications. Instead of using the middle-plane as the datum plane, the surfaces of the cavity are used as datum planes in this paper. And additional boundary conditions in the gap-wise direction are employed to keep the flows in the surfaces at the same section coordinative. Comparisons with experimental results obtained with instrumented test mold and C-Mold results show good agreement in terms of pressure traces and melt-front advancement. It's demonstrated that the present formulation is well suited to handle cavities generated directly by current CAD systems.
Advanced compiler optimizations for supercomputers (1986)

Compilers for vector or multiprocessor computers must have certain optimization features to successfully generate parallel code.
A More Convenient and General Procedure for <i>O</i>-Monobenzylation of Diols via Stannylenes:  A Critical Reevaluation of the Bu<sub>2</sub>SnO Method (2003)

A more consistent, straightforward, and economical protocol for generation of stannylene species and their reaction with BnBr leading to products of O-monobenzylation of diols has been set. It has shown to be specially indicated for substrates bearing vicinal trans 1,2-diol moieties on cyclohexane backbones, which are more resistant to these transformations. Such protocol has been successfully applied to myo-inositol derivatives and acyclic diols.
Synthesis and Use of Quaternized Polyethylenimine-Coated Zirconia for High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography (1995)

The synthesis of an alkali-stable strong anion-exchange stationary phase by deposition of polyethylenimine (PEI), followed by cross-linking and quaternization, onto porous zirconia particles is described. Physical characterization of quaternized PEI-zirconia and PEI-zirconia shows that 50% and 24% of the amine groups are cross-linked, respectively. A plot of log k' versus log (competing ion concentration) is linear for three homopeptides, suggesting that ion exchange is the primary mechanism of retention on quaternized PEI-zirconia. Column efficiency for two 2,4-dinitrophenyl amino acids increased by 80% upon increasing the temperature from 50 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The hydrophobicity of quaternized PEI-zirconia was studied using a homologous series of p-alkoxybenzoic acids. For quaternized PEI-zirconia and PEI-zirconia, we found that the free energy of transfer of a methylene unit from the mobile phase to the stationary phase was -2.0 and -0.90 kJ/mol, respectively. The free energy of transfer of a methylene unit on quaternized PEI-zirconia is similar to that of a typical ODS phase (-2.4 kJ/mol). A van't Hoff plot for the above two 2,4-dinitrophenyl amino acids showed that the enthalpies of transfer are exothermic and fairly large (approximately -14 kJ/mol). Isocratic separations on quaternized PEI-zirconia of inorganic and organic anions are presented. Quaternized PEI-zirconia, quaternary amine-functionalized silica, and PEI-zirconia are compared chromatographically. Quaternized PEI-zirconia is more efficient than the silica-based phase in the separation of benzoic acid derivatives but slightly less efficient than PEI-zirconia. The major virtue of quaternized PEI-zirconia is that it is chemically stable in the pH range of 1-13 and is also stable at temperatures up to 100 degrees C.
Dynamics of component exchange at PML nuclear bodies (2008)

PML nuclear bodies (NBs) are involved in the regulation of key nuclear pathways but their biochemical function in nuclear metabolism is unknown. In this study PML NB assembly dynamics were assessed by live cell imaging and mathematic modeling of its major component parts. We show that all six nuclear PML isoforms exhibit individual exchange rates at NBs and identify PML V as a scaffold subunit. SP100 exchanges at least five times faster at NBs than PML proteins. Turnover dynamics of PML and SP100 at NBs is modulated by SUMOylation. Exchange is not temperature-dependent but depletion of cellular ATP levels induces protein immobilization at NBs. The PML-RARalpha oncogene exhibits a strong NB retention effect on wild-type PML proteins. HIPK2 requires an active kinase for PML NB targeting and elevated levels of PML IV increase its residence time. DAXX and BLM turn over rapidly and completely at PML NBs within seconds. These findings provide a kinetics model for factor exchange at PML NBs and highlight potential mechanisms to regulate intranuclear trafficking of specific factors at these domains.
Synergistic Effect of lontophoresis and a Series of Fatty Acids on LHRH Permeability through Porcine Skin (1998)

The effect of chemical penetration enhancers (e.g., fatty acids) in combination with iontophoresis was examined on the in vitro permeability of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) through porcine skin. Porcine epidermis was pretreated with either ethanol (EtOH) or 10% fatty acid/EtOH. The permeability coefficient of LHRH was significantly (p < 0.05) greater through EtOH, lauric acid/EtOH, palmitic acid/EtOH, oleic acid/EtOH, linoleic acid/EtOH, and linolenic acid/EtOH treated epidermis than the control (untreated epidermis). Iontophoresis further enhanced the permeability of LHRH (p < 0.05) through enhancer-pretreated epidermis in comparison with corresponding passive permeability. Among saturated fatty acids tested, 10% palmitic acid/iontophoresis showed the highest permeability coefficient [(59.52 +/- 2.40) x 10(-4) cm/h], which was approximately 16-fold higher than that of the control [(3.57 +/- 0.41) x 10(-4) cm/h]. Unsaturated cis-octadecenoic acids were more effective penetration enhancers when compared with octadecanoic acid. Among cis-octadecenoic acids in combination with EtOH, the greater iontophoretic permeability coefficient [(59.18 +/- 12.43) x 10(-4) cm/h] was obtained through linolenic acid treated epidermis, which was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than through saturated octadecanoic acid treated epidermis [(29.08 +/- 3.18) x 10(-4) cm/h]. Also, pretreatment of epidermis with 5% linolenic acid/propylene glycol (PG) resulted in greater (p < 0.05) iontophoretic flux of LHRH in comparison to 5% linolenic acid/EtOH. Furthermore, increases in the degree of unsaturation in octadecenoic acids did not produce corresponding increases in the degree of enhancement. Reversibility studies revealed that the postrecovery passive flux of LHRH through 5% linolenic acid in combination with EtOH or PG/iontophoresis treated epidermis was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced than the prerecovery value but could not completely recover to the baseline flux (i.e., flux of LHRH through untreated epidermis).
Amine-Terminated Polyether Resins in RIM (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Polyurethane elastomers were the first products to find wide commercial use in the RIM process. Recently, the advent of a new chain extender, diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), provided a new class of commercially useful RIM elastomers. These materials are best classified as polyurethane/urea elastomers. We have been working on the next logical step in this evolution: amine-terminated polyether resins with amine chain extenders. These are best classified as polyurea elastomers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Amine-terminated polyether resins, or polyether polyamines, replace the polyol in a RIM formulation. These materials are much more reactive than polyols. Thus, these products can be tailored to meet the performance requirements of a particular end use more easily than polyols.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two major applications in which these materials have been technically successful are fascia internal mold release and reinforced RIM. In this paper some of the general aspects of using these polyamines will be given as well as some of the specific reasons for using them in the two applications mentioned above.</div>
User‐Assisted Video Stabilization (2014)

Abstract We present a user‐assisted video stabilization algorithm that is able to stabilize challenging videos when state‐of‐the‐art automatic algorithms fail to generate a satisfactory result. Current methods do not give the user any control over the look of the final result. Users either have to accept the stabilized result as is, or discard it should the stabilization fail to generate a smooth output. Our system introduces two new modes of interaction that allow the user to improve the unsatisfactory stabilized video. First, we cluster tracks and visualize them on the warped video. The user ensures that appropriate tracks are selected by clicking on track clusters to include or exclude them. Second, the user can directly specify how regions in the output video should look by drawing quadrilaterals to select and deform parts of the frame. These user‐provided deformations reduce undesirable distortions in the video. Our algorithm then computes a stabilized video using the user‐selected tracks, while respecting the user‐modified regions. The process of interactively removing user‐identified artifacts can sometimes introduce new ones, though in most cases there is a net improvement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system with a variety of challenging hand held videos.
B Virus -- 1955-58 -- Correspondence, General -- letter, 1958-03-06 (1958)

Letter from Wood, W. to Scott, T. F. McNair dated 1958-03-06.
TRPV1‐mediated itch in seasonal allergic rhinitis (2009)

Patients with allergic rhinitis feature an increased itch response to TRPV1 stimulation at seasonal allergen exposure. We suggest that this reflects part of the hyperresponsiveness that characterizes on-going allergic rhinitis. Intervention with the TRPV1-signalling pathway may offer potential treatments of this condition.
TRPV1 Antagonists Elevate Cell Surface Populations of Receptor Protein and Exacerbate TRPV1-Mediated Toxicities in Human Lung Epithelial Cells (2005)

TRPV1 mediates cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in lung epithelial cells exposed to prototypical receptor agonists. This study shows that NHBE, BEAS-2B and TRPV1 over-expressing BEAS-2B cells pre-treated with various TRPV1 antagonists become sensitized to the prototypical TRPV1 agonist, nonivamide, via a mechanism that involves translocation of existing receptor from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. As such, typical cellular responses to agonist treatment, as measured by calcium flux, inflammatory cytokine gene induction, and cytotoxicity were exacerbated. These data were in contrast to the results obtained when TRPV1 antagonists were co-administered with nonivamide; conditions which inhibited TRPV1-mediated effects. The antagonists LJO-328, SC0030, and capsazepine increased the cytotoxicity of nonivamide by approximately 20-fold and agonist-induced calcium flux by approximately 6-fold. Inflammatory-cytokine gene induction by nonivamide was also increased significantly by pre-treatment with the antagonists. The enhanced responses were inhibited by the co-administration of antagonists with nonivamide, confirming that increases in sensitivity were attributable to increased TRPV1-associated activity. Sensitization was attenuated by brefeldin A (a golgi transport inhibitor), but not cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor), or actinomycin D (a transcription inhibitor). Sensitized cells exhibited increased calcium flux from extracellular calcium sources, while unsensitized cells exhibited calcium flux originating primarily from intracellular stores. These results demonstrate the presence of a novel mechanism for regulating the sub-cellular distribution of TRPV1 and subsequent control of cellular sensitivity to TRPV1 agonists.
Cyclosporin A inhibition of interleukin 2 gene expression, but not natural killer cell proliferation, after interferon induction in vivo. (1990)

The IFN inducer, poly(I:C), elicits acute NK cell blastogenesis and proliferation in vivo. The role of IL-2 in mediating this proliferation was investigated in the studies presented here. Blast NK cells were isolated from poly(I:C)-treated, T cell-deficient athymic mice. Dividing cells, incorporating [3H]thymidine, were enriched in the J11d- low density populations isolated from poly(I:C)-treated mice, and were characterized as NK by the following criteria: (a) they were eliminated by treatment with anti-AGM1 in vivo; and (b) they directly mediated lysis of NK-sensitive target cells in a single cell cytotoxicity assay with autoradiography. These poly(I:C)-induced blast NK cells were responsive to IL-2, but, when compared with in vivo activated T cells, responsiveness required 1,000-fold higher concentrations of the factor. The technique of in situ hybridization was used to evaluate induction of IL-2 gene expression after poly(I:C) treatment in vivo. Treatment of euthymic, athymic, and severe combined immunodeficient mice with poly(I:C) activated IL-2 gene expression in a small percentage of spleen leukocytes. The transcription-positive cells were enriched in low density cell populations. These findings demonstrate that IL-2 transcription occurs after IFN induction in vivo, and suggest that an endogenous source of IL-2 exists other than the mature T cell. To assess the IL-2 dependence of in vivo NK cell expansion, poly(I:C)-treated athymic mice were given cyclosporin A (CsA), an agent that regulates IL-2 production at the level of gene transcription. The drug resulted in an 85-100% reduction in the percentages of cells transcribing IL-2. In contrast, CsA administration did not block IFN-enhanced NK cell cytolytic activity, expansion of large granular lymphocyte numbers, or NK cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that although the proliferation of blast NK cells can be supported by IL-2, IL-2 is not an important mediator of IFN-induced NK cell expansion. Moreover, they establish that the acute proliferation of NK cells in response to IFNs is CsA insensitive.
General and Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Alcohols (2011)

Selectively esterified: Primary alcohols react with dioxygen as a benign oxidant in a palladium-catalyzed oxidative esterification (see scheme). The corresponding aldehydes and esters are formed highly selectively depending on the catalyst system. The reactions take place in the presence of commercially available ligands without the need for additional organic hydrogen acceptors. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Program visualization (1992)

In this paper program visualization is defined as a mapping from programs to graphical representations. Simple forms of program visualization are frequently encountered in software engineering. For this reason current advances in program visualization are likely to influence future developments concerning software engineering tools and environments. This paper provides a new taxonomy of program visualization research. The proposed taxonomy becomes the vehicle through which we carry out a systernatic review of current systems, techniques, trends, and ideas in program visualization.
Different roles of CNTs in hierarchical HZSM-5 synthesis with hydrothermal and steam-assisted crystallization (2015)

Hierarchical HZSM-5 zeolites with uniform mesopore distribution were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis (HTS) and steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) methods using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as hard templates.
Design and Performance of a Hot Cathode Magnetically Collimated Arc Discharge Ion Source (1959)

A hot cathode arc discharge type ion source is described. The discharge is collimated in an axial magnetic field and the ion beam is extracted axially. The maximum total ion current of the source, tested with hydrogen, is 42 ma. The extraction system allows focusing of almost 100% of this current. The limiting factor of the maximum ion current is analyzed. Although strong arc discharges could allow the extraction of higher ion currents, space charge spreading causes the ion beam to hit the front surface of the extracting electrode. Secondary electrons, released there, are focused back into the arc chamber producing instabilities of the source. A convenient means of regulation or modulation of the beam current is described. A magnetic analysis of the extracted beam shows about 34% atomic ion current.
The Neural Network as a Tool for Multispectral Interpretation (1996)

A neural network which utilized data from the infrared spectra, carbon-13 NMR spectra, and molecular formulas of organic compounds was developed. The network, which had one layer of hidden units, was trained by backpropagation; network parameters were determined by a simplex optimization procedure. A database of 1560 compounds was used for training and testing. The trained network was able to identify with high accuracy the presence of a broad range of substructural features present in the compounds. The number of features identified and the accuracy were significantly greater as compared with networks using data from a single form of spectroscopy. The results have significance for the SESAMI computer-enhanced structure elucidation system.
An adaptive approach to collecting multimodal input (2003)

Multimodal dialogue systems allow users to input information in multiple modalities. These systems can handle simultaneous or sequential composite multimodal input. Different coordination schemes require such systems to capture, collect and integrate user input in different modalities, and then respond to a joint interpretation. We performed a study to understand the variability of input in multimodal dialogue systems and to evaluate methods to perform the collection of input information. An enhancement in the form of incorporation of a dynamic time window to a multimodal input fusion module was proposed in the study. We found that the enhanced module provides superior temporal characteristics and robustness when compared to previous methods.
CpG Island microarray probe sequences derived from a physical library are representative of CpG Islands annotated on the human genome (2005)

An effective tool for the global analysis of both DNA methylation status and protein-chromatin interactions is a microarray constructed with sequences containing regulatory elements. One type of array suited for this purpose takes advantage of the strong association between CpG Islands (CGIs) and gene regulatory regions. We have obtained 20 736 clones from a CGI Library and used these to construct CGI arrays. The utility of this library requires proper annotation and assessment of the clones, including CpG content, genomic origin and proximity to neighboring genes. Alignment of clone sequences to the human genome (UCSC hg17) identified 9595 distinct genomic loci; 64% were defined by a single clone while the remaining 36% were represented by multiple, redundant clones. Approximately 68% of the loci were located near a transcription start site. The distribution of these loci covered all 23 chromosomes, with 63% overlapping a bioinformatically identified CGI. The high representation of genomic CGI in this rich collection of clones supports the utilization of microarrays produced with this library for the study of global epigenetic mechanisms and proteinchromatin interactions. A browsable database is available on-line to facilitate exploration of the CGIs in this library and their association with annotated genes or promoter elements.
Comparison of heat delivery systems for hyperthermia treatment of psoriasisf (1986)

Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by accelerated growth and loss of the normal maturation pattern of the epidermis. It represents a model to study the application of localized heating to a hyperproliferative but benign superficial skin disease. Thermal distributions in psoriatic plaques treated with ultrasound, water contact and infrared systems are presented. The concepts of Standard Thermal Dose and Equivalent Thermal Dose are introduced to quantify the total biological effect to tissue for a particular time and temperature during a hyperthermia treatment session.