gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLANT RESISTANCE TO HERBIVORES (1990)

Cost-benefit theory posits that stabilizing selection, produced by a trade-off between associated costs and benefits, often maintains phenotypic traits at intermediate equilibrium values. Measurement of selection on one type of trait, resistance to herbivory, should provide evidence to test this prediction. However, most plants host more than one species of herbivore, and resistance to various herbivores may be phenotypically correlated. Consequently, selection must be measured on a multivariate phenotype, which may produce a very complex selection gradient. Canonical analysis of the matrix of quadratic coefficients of the phenotypic selection gradient is presented as a method to simplify the interpretation of the estimated multidimensional adaptive surface. Because this analytical method finds the canonical axes of second-order effects on the selection surface, it shows where nonlinear, and possibly stabilizing, selection is strongest. The resulting index traits may generate hypotheses regarding underlying resistance traits to which more than one type of herbivore responds.
Transactions Letters - Random Redundant Iterative Soft-in Soft-out Decoding (2008)

This letter presents an iterative soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoding algorithm based on redundant Tanner graphs that is applicable to arbitrary linear block codes. The proposed algorithm utilizes the permutation group of a code in order to efficiently and randomly generate redundant parity-checks.
Characterization of the Degradation of Polylactic Acid Polymer in a Solid Substrate Environment (1998)

Polylactic acid (PLA) polymer film was degraded in abiotic and biotic environments to understand the role of microbes in the degradation process of lactic acid based polymers. The degradation studies were conducted in a well-characterized biotic system, an abiotic system, a sterile aqueous system, and a desiccated environment maintained at 40, 50, and 60 degrees C. The combination of experiments in different environments isolated the distinct effect of microbes, water, and temperature on the morphological changes in the polymer during degradation. Due to lack of availability of radiolabeled PLA, various analytical techniques were applied to observe changes in the rate and/or mechanism of degradation. CO2 evolved, weight loss, and molecular weights were measured to evaluate the extent of degradation. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques monitored the morphological changes in the polymer. FTIR was used as a semiquantitative tool to gather information about the chemistry of the degradative process. Neither of the above analytical techniques indicated any difference in the rate or mechanism of degradation attributable to the presence of microorganisms. The extent of degradation increased at higher process temperatures. FTIR data were evaluated for significant statistical difference by t-test hypothesis. The results confirmed hydrolysis of ester linkage as the primary mechanism of degradation of PLA. On the basis of these data, a probable path of PLA degradation has been suggested.
Multimodal cardiac image fusion by geometrical features registration and warping (2002)

Multimodal image fusion is an important step in multiparametric analysis from different cardiac images recorded over time from different imaging modalities. In fact, low resolution images, such as PET or SPECT can be integrated with high resolution images as MRI or CTI, to show both perfusion and structure information in the same representation. A fundamental step in this integration process is to bring the modalities involved into spatial alignment, a procedure referred as multimodal image fusion. In the present paper we describe a method for multimodal cardiac images fusion, consisting on segmentation, registration and warping phases.
Repairing and meshing imperfect shapes with Delaunay refinement (2009)

As a direct consequence of software quirks, designer errors, and representation flaws, often three-dimensional shapes are stored in formats that introduce inconsistencies such as small gaps and overlaps between surface patches. We present a new algorithm that simultaneously repairs imperfect geometry and topology while generating Delaunay meshes of these shapes. At the core of this approach is a meshing algorithm for input shapes that are piecewise smooth complexes (PSCs), a collection of smooth surface patches meeting at curves non-smoothly or in non-manifold configurations. Guided by a user tolerance parameter, we automatically merge nearby components while building a Delaunay mesh that has many of these errors fixed. Experimental evidence is provided to show the results of our algorithm on common computer-aided design (CAD) formats. Our algorithm may also be used to simplify shapes by removing small features which would require an excessive number of elements to preserve them in the output mesh.
Penetrating injuries to the subclavian and axillary vessels (1999)

Subclavian and axillary vascular injuries remain lethal. A clavicular incision provides satisfactory surgical exposure in about half the patients. In patients with proximal injuries addition of a median sternotomy provides adequate surgical access in both right and left subclavian vessels.
An Open-Label, Pilot Trial of Adjunctive Tocilizumab in Schizophrenia (2016)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.To the Editor: Interest and enthusiasm for research on the immunology of schizophrenia has, arguably, taken a prominent role in the field. Adjunctive antiinflammatory treatment may be associated with improvement in psychopathology and cognition in some patients with schizophrenia. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine produced by blood leukocytes and central nervous system microglia and astrocytes.
Medical image retrieval by spatial features (2003)

A content-based indexing technique is proposed. The image features used are derived from the relative spatial relationships among internal image entities. The similarity measurement is based on causality (probability) which indicates the degree of similarity between a user's query and images. The index structure contains a set of causality-based similarity trees with nodes connected to an information causal net. For a given (weighted) query, the initial set of similar images is identified via similarity trees and then refined through the information causal net. The method is introduced with an example using magnetic resonance chest images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rigid Interferon-α Subtype Responses of Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2008)

The large family of human type I interferon (IFN) includes 13 distinct subtypes of IFN-alpha, all utilizing a single type I IFN receptor. Many viruses have created evasion strategies to disable this cytokine family, highlighting their importance in antiviral defense. It is unclear what advantage the presence of so many different IFN-alpha subtypes provides, but functional differences observed among individual IFN-alpha subtypes suggested that they might play distinct regulatory roles during an immune response. To determine whether IFN-alpha subtype responses differ depending on a particular type of insult and thus whether IFN-alpha subtype responses are flexible to adapt to distinct pathogen challenges, we developed a novel nested multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay with which we measured expression of all IFN-alpha subtypes by freshly isolated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a main source of IFN-alpha following pathogen challenge. Collectively our data show a remarkable stability in the relative magnitude and the kinetics of induction for each IFN-alpha subtype produced by pDC. Although various stimuli used, A-, B- and C-class CpGs, live and heat-inactivated influenza viruses and the TLR7 agonist R837 affected the overall magnitude of the response, each IFN-alpha subtype was induced at statistically similar relative levels and with similar kinetics, thereby revealing a great degree of rigidity in the IFN-alpha response pattern of pDC. These data are most consistent with the induction of optimized ratios of IFN-alpha subtypes, each of which may have differing signaling properties or alternatively, a great degree of redundancy in the IFN-alpha response.
Morphological Stability of TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films with Isolated Columns (2001)

We have investigated the stability of the morphologies of obliquely deposited TiO 2 thin films against annealing and humidity. For the thin films with closely distributed columns, the thickness decreases by more than 10% by annealing at 500°C, and the columnar structure is destroyed by exposure to hot water vapor. However, the thin films with isolated columns show no significant change in the thickness and morphology. This can be understood in terms of the stress induced in the thin films with columns which are in contact or isolated. The stable morphologies of the thin films with isolated columns and their shape-related functions are useful for devices that require thermal processing and those used under humid conditions.
Closely Mounted Compact Wideband Diversity Antenna for Mobile Phone Applications (2012)

Here a compact wideband diversity antenna covering the PCS/UMTS/WiMAX bands with high isolation and low enveloped correlation coefficient (ECC) is proposed. To widen the bandwidth, the proposed antenna uses a structure with a gap-coupled feed and an inductively shorted line that has capacitive compensation between the radiator and the ground plane. Also, a suspended line with a parasitic element is used to enhance the isolation between the two antennas.
Pattern recognition of star constellations for spacecraft applications (1993)

A software system for a star imager for on-line satellite attitude determination is described. The system works with a single standard commercial CCD-camera with a high aperture lens and an onboard star catalogue. It is capable of both an initial course attitude determination without any prior knowledge of the satellite orientation and a high-accuracy attitude determination based on prediction and averaging of several identified star constellations. In the high accuracy mode the star imager aims at an accuracy better than 2 arc sec with a processing time of less than a few seconds. The star imager is developed for the Danish microsatellite Oersted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Efficacy of Intra-Articular Hyaluronan Injection after the Microfracture Technique for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Lesions (2009)

The adjunctive use of hyaluronic acid appears to hold promise in the treatment of chondral injuries and warrants further investigation.
Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> vaccine: state of the art (2015)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is cause of neonatal invasive diseases as well as of severe infections in the elderly and immune-compromised patients. Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of neonatal disease, sepsis and meningitis caused by GBS still represent a significant public health care concern globally and additional prevention and therapeutic strategies against infection are highly desirable. The introduction of national recommended guidelines in several countries to screen pregnant women for GBS carriage and the use of antibiotics during delivery significantly reduced disease occurring within the first hours of life (early-onset disease), but it has had no effect on the late-onset diseases occurring after the first week and is not feasible in most countries. Availability of an effective vaccine against GBS would provide an effective means of controlling GBS disease. This review provides an overview of the burden of invasive disease caused by GBS in infants and adults, and highlights the strategies for the development of an effective vaccine against GBS infections.
Defect Passivation of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites by Diammonium Iodide toward High-Performance Photovoltaic Devices (2016)

The polycrystalline feature of solution-processed perovskite film and its ionic nature inevitably incur substantial crystallographic defects, especially at the film surface and the grain boundaries (GBs). Here, a simple defect passivation method was exploited by post-treating CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film with a rationally selected diammonium iodide. The molecular structure of the used diammonium iodide was discovered to play a critical role in affecting the phase purity of treated MAPbI3. Both NH3I(CH2)4NH3I and NH3I(CH2)2O(CH2)2NH3I (EDBE) induce three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) perovskite phase transformation during the treatment while only NH3I(CH2)8NH3I (C8) successfully passivates perovskite surface and GBs without forming 2D perovskite because of the elevated activation energy arising from its unique anti–gauche isomerization. Defect passivation of MAPbI3 was clearly confirmed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) studies, which results in the reduced recombination loss in derived devices. Consequently, the perovskite solar cell with C8 passivation showed a much improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60% compared to the control device PCE of 14.64%.
Evaluation of caspase inhibitor [18F]FET-VAD-FMK as an imaging agent for apoptosis (2013)

Tumor recurrences or metastases remain a major hurdle in improving overall cancer survival. In the perioperative period, the balance between the ability of the cancer to seed and grow at the metastatic site and the ability of the patient to fight against the tumor (i.e. the host antitumor immunity) may determine the development of clinically evident metastases and influence the patient outcome. Up to 80% of oncological patients receive anesthesia and/or analgesia for diagnostic, therapeutic or palliative interventions. Therefore, anesthesiologists are asked to administer drugs such as opiates and volatile or intravenous anesthetics, which may determine different effects on immunomodulation and cancer recurrence. For instance, some studies suggest that intravenous drugs, such as propofol, may inhibit the host immunity to a lower extent as compared to volatile anesthetics. Similarly, some studies suggest that analgesia assured by local anesthetics may provide a reduction of cancer recurrence rate; whilst on the opposite side, opioids may exert negative consequences in patients undergoing cancer surgery, by interacting with the immune system response via the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system, or directly through the opioid receptors on the surface of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the main findings on the effects induced by different drugs on immunomodulation and cancer recurrence.
Town's New Haven Villa, 1836-37 (1954)

Research Article| October 01 1954 Town's New Haven Villa, 1836-37 Charles E. Peterson Charles E. Peterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (1954) 13 (3): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/987707 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles E. Peterson; Town's New Haven Villa, 1836-37. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 October 1954; 13 (3): 27–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/987707 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Thermal Conductivity of Pure and Impure Silicon, Silicon Carbide, and Diamond (1964)

Thermal conductivity measurements on high-purity SiC and impure Si and SiC have been made over the temperature range from 3° to 300°K. These results show that the thermal conductivity K, of the highest purity SiC is intermediate between those of pure Si and pure diamond, and at 300°K is greater than that of copper. The heat transport in SiC is produced by phonons and these are scattered by other phonons, isotopes, and the crystal boundaries in the pure material. In impure SiC the phonons are also scattered by the electrically active impurities Al and N. These impurities reduce the K of SiC in much the same way that B and P impurities do in Si. The N impurities in natural diamonds also reduce their K below that of ideally pure diamond, but the effect is rather different since N is not electrically active.
Bifurcated, modular syntheses of chiral annulet triazacyclononanes (2003)

Three chiral 2,6-disubstituted tri-N-methyl azamacrocycles have been prepared by modular methods. These macrocycles were accessed from three chiral 1,4,7-triazaheptanes intermediates that were prepared by two independent routes. The first of these routes involved the benzylamine opening of chiral tosyl aziridines followed by debenzylation but was problematic on solubility grounds. A second, more effective, route was developed which avoided debenzylation by using ammonia in the nucleophilic opening of chiral tosyl aziridines.
Inhibition of Acid-induced Lung Injury by Hyperosmolar Sucrose in Rats (2005)

We conclude that a brief period of vascular hyperosmolarity protects against acid-induced ALI when the infusion is administered shortly before, or shortly after, acid instillation in the airway. The potential applicability of hyperosmolar sucrose in therapy for ALI requires consideration.
Key factors in the design of a LED volumetric 3D display system (2005)

Through careful consideration of key factors that impact upon voxel attributes and image quality, a volumetric three-dimensional (3D) display system employing the rotation of a two-dimensional (2D) thin active panel was developed. It was designed as a lower-cost 3D visualization platform for experimentation and demonstration. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) were arranged into a 256x64 dot matrix on a single surface of the panel, which was positioned symmetrically about the axis of rotation. The motor and necessary supporting structures were located below the panel. LEDs individually of 500 ns response time, 1.6 mm×0.8 mm×0.6 mm external dimensions, 0.38 mm×0.43 mm horizontal and vertical spacing were adopted. The system is functional, providing 512×256×64, i.e. over 8 million addressable voxels within a 292 mm×165 mm cylindrical volume at a refresh frequency in excess of 16 Hz. Due to persistence of vision, momentarily addressed voxels will be perceived and fused into a 3D image. Many static or dynamic 3D scenes were displayed, which can be directly viewed from any position with few occlusion zones and dead zones. Important depth cues like binocular disparity and motion parallax are satisfied naturally.
Polymers of Carbonic Acid. 22. Cholesteric Polycarbonates Derived from (<i>S</i>)-((2-Methylbutyl)thio)hydroquinone or Isosorbide (1996)

(S)-((2-Methylbutyl)thio)hydroquinone was prepared from benzoquinone and (S)-2-methylbutyl mercaptan. One series of cholesteric copolycarbonates was prepared from this chiral hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, and 4,4‘-dihydroxybiphenyl by interfacial polycondensation with diphosgene. All copolycarbonates were noncrystalline and decomposed upon heating above 250 °C. A Grandjean texture was only observed for one sample. A second series of cholesteric copolycarbonates was prepared from isosorbide, methylhydroquinone, and 4,4‘-dihydroxybiphenyl. Four different polycondensation methods were studied and compared in this case. The best results were obtained by polycondensation in pyridine containing organic cosolvents. Two copolycarbonates of isosorbide were obtained which formed a broad cholesteric phase with a Grandjean texture.
Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, San Diego type, is caused by FGFR3 mutations (1999)

The platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasias (PLSDs) are a heterogeneous group of short-limb dwarfing conditions. The most common form of PLSD is thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), which has been divided into two types (TD1 and TD2). Three other types of PLSD, or TD variants (San Diego, Torrance, and Luton), have been distinguished from TD. The most notable difference between TD and the variants is the presence of large rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) inclusion bodies within chondrocytes of the variants. We examined 22 cases of TD variants for the presence of missense mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. All 17 cases of the San Diego type (PLSD-SD) were heterozygous for the same FGFR3 mutations found in TD1. No mutations were identified in the Torrance and Luton types. Large inclusion bodies were found in all 14 cases of PLSD-SD. Similar inclusion bodies were present in two of 72 TD1 cases, but not in 39 controls. The material retained within the rER stained only with antibody to the FGFR3 protein. The radiographic and morphologic differences between TD and PLSD-SD may be a consequence of other genetic factors, perhaps in the processing of mutant FGFR3 molecules within the rER. The presence of rER inclusion bodies cannot reliably discriminate between closely related skeletal dysplasias.
IX.—NEW BOOKS (1903)

Journal Article IX.—NEW BOOKS Get access The Economic Interpretation of History. By EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN. New York: The Columbia University Press; London: Macmillan & Co., 1902. Pp. ix., 166. J. S. M. J. S. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XII, Issue 3, 1903, Page 408, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XII.3.408 Published: 01 January 1903
A study of the off-contact screen printing process. I. Model of the printing process and some results derived from experiments (1990)

A physical model of the screen printing process is described. Interrupted printing tests provided guiding information on the flow pattern in the paste during the deposition process. The paste flow region ahead of the squeegee was divided into three regions: the pressurization region (region I), the downward screen cross-flow region (region II), and the paste accumulation region (region III). During printing, the squeegee tip becomes deformed and its angle of attack decreases. Region I extends from the leading edge of the deformed squeegee tip to the beginning of the deformation region. As a result of pressure buildup in region I ahead of the squeegee, there is a flow of paste under the squeegee. The paste deposition process depends mainly on the flow process in region I. Analysis of experiments indicates that the squeegees used deform so that their fronts can be approximated by a wedge. The angles of hard squeegees decrease by approximately 20 degrees from the undeformed angle of 45 degrees . The corresponding angle decrease for soft squeegees is on the order of 30-40 degrees . The vertical forces acting on the squeegees were estimated to be between 60 and 47 lbf. The average speed of the paste under the squeegee, caused by the developed hydrodynamic pressure, was found to be between 0.1 and 0.2 of the squeegee speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>