gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Horizontal completions challenge for industry (1988)

As the technology to drill horizontal wells continues to evolve, the problem of efficiently and cost-effectively completing such wells grows. The economics of applying horizontal technology in high-productivity reservoirs demands both increased production and lower development costs. Such high productivity reservoirs are typical of the Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, South China basin, and other areas. Lowering development costs is achieved by drilling fewer wells and in the offshore environment by reducing the number of platforms and other well structures. Specifically addressed in this article are the problems of achieving high efficiency, long lasting completions while controlling costs in unconsolidated and poorly consolidated sandstone reservoirs.
Value of a Complete or Partial Remission in Severe Lupus Nephritis (2007)

Even a partial remission in lupus nephritis is associated with a significantly better patient and renal survival compared with no remission.
Novel S100 Proteins in Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells: CAAF 1 Expression is Associated with Cell Growth Arrest. (1998)

CAAF1 and CAAF2, newly identified calcium-binding proteins from bovine amniotic fluid, have been revealed to be members of the S100 protein family preferentially produced by fetal squamous epithelial cells, including epidermal keratinocytes. Having previously cloned the cDNA of human CAAF1 protein from the esophageal epithelium, we report here on the characteristic expression pattern of CAAF1 and related S100 proteins in human esophageal epithelial cells. Normal cells of the human esophageal epithelium expressed CAAF1, and also expressed the homologous novel S100 proteins including CAAF2, MRP8, and MRP14, but not S100alpha. An immunohistochemical study with specific monoclonal antibodies against CAAF1 proteins demonstrated that CAAF1 proteins were produced by the esophageal epithelial cells in the process of cell differentiation. The immature proliferating cells in the epithelium did not produce CAAF1 proteins, but the differentiated cells expressed CAAF1, which overlay the immature cells and were stratifying in the epithelium. These CAA 1-producing cells did not show any proliferating activities. Esophageal carcinoma cells did not express CAAF1, except for the keratinized cells with no proliferating activity. In addition, the forced expression of CAAF1 proteins in the carcinoma cells resulted in a marked decrease in DNA synthesis. These findings indicate that human esophageal epithelial cells express the multiple genes of S100 proteins including CAAF proteins, and that CAAF1 is closely associated with the terminal differentiation of these cells. CAAF1 expression also might play some role in cell growth.
Stable Infinite Variance Fluctuations in Randomly Amplified Langevin Systems (1997)

A general discrete stochastic process involving random amplification with additive external noise is analyzed theoretically and numerically. Necessary and sufficient conditions to realize steady power law fluctuations with divergent variance are clarified. The power law exponent is determined by a statistical property of amplification independent of the external noise. By introducing a nonlinear effect a stretched exponential decay appears in the power law.
Quadrature frequency/phase modulation (1995)

A digital modulation method based on quadrature-carrier multiplexing of two N-dimensional biorthogonal signal sets is proposed. An embodiment of the proposed method referred to as quadrature frequency/phase modulation (QFPM), and its continuous phase modification CP QFPM, are described. QFPM results when two NFSK/2PSK (combined frequency and phase shift keying) signals are quadrature-carrier multiplexed. The power efficiency of QFPM and CP QFPM on the AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel is always superior when compared to that of quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM), and their bandwidth efficiency is demonstrated to be under certain conditions comparable or better than that of QAM. Both schemes possess a self-synchronization capability. The demonstrated performance characteristics of QFPM and CP QFPM suggest that they may be competitive with respect to QAM on channels where little or no filtering is desired.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and HPLC applications of rigid macroporous organic polymer monoliths (2004)

Rigid porous polymer monoliths are a new class of materials that emerged in the early 1990s. These monolithic materials are typically prepared using a simple molding process carried out within the confines of a closed mold. For example, polymerization of a mixture comprising monomers, free-radical initiator, and porogenic solvent affords macroporous materials with large through-pores that enable applications in a rapid flow-through mode. The versatility of the preparation technique is demonstrated by its use with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, ionizable, and zwitterionic monomers. Several system variables can be used to control the porous properties of the monolith over a broad range and to mediate the hydrodynamic properties of the monolithic devices. A variety of methods such as direct copolymerization of functional monomers, chemical modification of reactive groups, and grafting of pore surface with selected polymer chains is available for the control of surface chemistry. Since all the mobile phase must flow through the monolith, the convection considerably accelerates mass transport within the molded material, and the monolithic devices perform well, even at very high flow rates. The applications of polymeric monolithic materials are demonstrated mostly on the separations in the HPLC mode, although CEC, gas chromatography, enzyme immobilization, molecular recognition, advanced detection systems, and microfluidic devices are also mentioned.
Syntheses of 1-Amino-3-[2-(7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,7-dicarba-<i>closo</i>- dodecaboran(12)-1-yl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxylic Acid and Its <i>nido</i>-Analogue:  Potential BNCT Agents (1997)

The syntheses of unnatural amino acids, 1-amino-3-[2-(7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran(12)-1-yl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (2) and its nido analog 1-amino-3-[2-(7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,7-dicarba-nido-dodecaboran(12)-1-yl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (3) were achieved. The key steps in the syntheses of 2 and 3 involved the sequential dialkylation of m-carborane and an intramolecular ethoxide ion mediated cage degradation process.
Detecting concussion impairment with radar using gait analysis techniques (2011)

Several studies have shown that measuring changes in gait could provide an easier method of diagnosing and monitoring concussions. The purpose of this study was to measure radar signal returns to explore if differences in gait patterns between normal and "concussed" individuals could be identified from radar spectrogram data. Access to concussed individuals was not available during this feasibility study. Instead, based on research that demonstrated a blood alcohol content (BAC) of 0.05% was equivalent to concussion impairment, BAC impairment goggles were used to visually simulate a concussion. Both "impaired" and "not impaired" individuals were asked to complete only motor skill tasks and then complete motor skill and cognitive skill tasks simultaneously. These results were analyzed using information theoretic (IT) techniques. IT algorithms were chosen because of their potential to identify similarities and differences without having the requirement of a priori knowledge on an individual. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to select the appropriate decision index, D(Q), values for acceptable true positive and false positive percentages.
SWAP-70 regulates RhoA/RhoB-dependent MHCII surface localization in dendritic cells (2008)

Stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) mature and migrate to lymphoid organs to prime naive T cells. DC maturation augments antigen-presentation capacity of DCs by increasing peptide loading, half-life, and cell surface localization of MHC molecules. Activated SWAP-70(-/-) DCs fail to properly localize MHCII molecules in the plasma membrane, are strongly impaired in T-cell activation, and are altered in F-actin rearrangement. MHCII synthesis, invariant chain removal, and MHCII internalization, however, are unaffected. MHCII surface localization is known to require RhoGTPases. Surprisingly, SWAP70, hitherto known to bind F-actin and Rac, also binds RhoA-GTP. In SWAP-70(-/-) DCs, RhoA and RhoB are stimulus-independent and constitutively active. Surface localization of MHCII molecules and T-cell activation can be restored by blocking RhoA and RhoB before but not during DC activation. Thus, contrasting positive regulation of Rac, SWAP-70 negatively regulates RhoA and-indirectly-RhoB, preventing premature RhoA/RhoB activation. Through RhoA/RhoB regulation, SWAP-70 defines a new pathway to control surface localization of MHCII, a critical element in DC-dependent immune responses.
Influence of pentoxifylline and its derivatives on antibiotic uptake and superoxide generation by human phagocytic cells (1995)

Pentoxifylline modulates multiple activities of stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), including the respiratory burst response and membrane transport of certain substances (e.g., nucleosides). We found that several weakly basic antibiotics are highly concentrated by human PMNs and that these drugs also inhibit the respiratory burst response (by a mechanism different from that of pentoxifylline). Since both pentoxifylline and antibiotics will be administered to some patients with serious infections, we have evaluated several types of interactions between these drugs and human PMNs and have attempted to identify the mechanisms that produce alterations in cellular function. Roxithromycin, dirithromycin, and clindamycin were avidly concentrated by PMNs. Pentoxifylline and two derivatives (HWA-448 [torbafylline] and HWA-138 [albifylline]) increased the uptake of these antibiotics by PMNs, both in the resting state and during phagocytosis. Pentoxifylline, HWA-448, HWA-138, and the highly concentrated antibiotics each exerted an inhibitory effect on the stimulated respiratory burst response in PMNs. The combination of both pentoxifylline and a modulatory antibiotic (roxithromycin or clindamycin) inhibited superoxide production to a greater extent than either agent alone. This additive effect might be expected, since pentoxifylline and the modulatory antibiotics influence the respiratory burst activation pathway at different sites. The ability of pentoxifylline to augment the entry of antibiotics into neutrophils has important therapeutic implications. The consequences of this phenomenon might include improved intracellular bactericidal activity as well as efficient antibiotic delivery and release at sites of infection.
Application of Augmented Reality and Robotic Technology in Broadcasting: A Survey (2017)

As an innovation technique, Augmented Reality (AR) has been gradually deployed in the broadcast, videography and cinematography industries. Virtual graphics generated by AR are dynamic and overlap on the surface of the environment so that the original appearance can be greatly enhanced in comparison with traditional broadcasting. In addition, AR enables broadcasters to interact with augmented virtual 3D models on a broadcasting scene in order to enhance the performance of broadcasting. Recently, advanced robotic technologies have been deployed in a camera shooting system to create a robotic cameraman so that the performance of AR broadcasting could be further improved, which is highlighted in the paper.
Time Synchronization and Calibration in Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

This chapter reviews time synchronization and calibration for wireless sensor networks. Authors show that time synchronization can be considered as a calibration problem and many observations about time synchronization can be transferred to calibration. They discuss applications of synchronized time in sensor networks, present challenges of sensor networks, and discuss why traditional synchronization approaches fail to meet these challenges. Models of sensor nodes, of hardware clocks, and of communication are presented. Authors then give an overview of the various classes of synchronization and present common synchronization techniques. Next, they examine current synchronization algorithms and present common techniques for evaluating synchronization algorithms and selected evaluation results.
Characterization of the Expression and Immunogenicity of Poliovirus Replicons that Encode Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV <sub>mac</sub> 239 Gag or Envelope SU Proteins (1997)

The effectiveness of the poliovirus vaccines to induce both systemic and mucosal immunity has prompted the development of this virus as a vector in which to express foreign proteins. Our laboratory has previously reported on the construction and characterization of poliovirus genomes that encode HIV-1 proteins (Porter DC, et al.: J Virol 1996;70:2643-2649). To develop this system further, we have constructed poliovirus genomes, referred to as replicons, which encode the SIVmac239 Gag or Env SU in place of the poliovirus capsid gene (P1). Since the replicons do not encode capsid proteins, they are encapsidated into poliovirus by passage with a recombinant vaccinia virus, VVP1, which provides the poliovirus capsid proteins in trans. Using this system, we have derived stocks of the encapsidated replicons which encode the SIVmac239 or Env SU protein. Infection of cells with the replicon that encodes SIVmac239 Gag resulted in the expression of a 55-kDa protein that was released from the infected cells. Analysis of the sedimentation of the released proteins by sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed that the protein was released from the cell in the form of a virus-like particle. Infection of cells with the replicons encoding the SIVmac239 Env SU resulted in the expression of a 63-kDa protein, corresponding to the molecular mass predicted for the nonglycosylated SIVmac239 SU protein. A second protein with a molecular mass greater than 160 kDa was also immunoprecipitated. After enzymatic deglycosylation, this protein migrated at a molecular mass consistent with that for an Env SU dimer. Analysis of the medium from cells infected with the replicon encoding SIVmac239 Env SU revealed the presence of a protein of molecular mass 85-90 kDa, possibly representing a fragment of the SIVmac239 or Env SU protein. To determine the immunogenicity of the replicons encoding SIVmac239 Gag or Env SU, transgenic mice that express the human receptor for poliovirus, and are thus susceptible to poliovirus, were immunized via the intramuscular route. A serum antibody response to SIV envelope was detected following booster immunization, establishing that the encapsidated replicon was immunogenic. Finally, we demonstrate that the replicons have the capacity to infect peripheral blood mononuclear monocytes/macrophages, suggesting that this cell is a possible target for in vivo infection. The results of our studies, then, lend further support for the development and application of recombinant poliovirus replicons in a vaccine strategy.
Localization of Cell Division Protein FtsK to the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Septum and Identification of a Potential N-Terminal Targeting Domain (1998)

Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsK is a homolog of Bacillus subtilis SpoIIIE and appears to act late in the septation process. To determine whether FtsK localizes to the septum, we fused three N-terminal segments of FtsK to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed them in E. coli cells. All three segments were sufficient to target GFP to the septum, suggesting that as little as the first 15% of the protein is a septum-targeting domain. Localized fluorescence was detectable only in cells containing a visible midcell constriction, suggesting that FtsK targeting normally occurs only at a late stage of septation. The largest two FtsK-GFP fusions were able at least partially to complement the ftsK44 mutation in trans, suggesting that the N- and C-terminal domains are functionally separable. However, overproduction of FtsK-GFP resulted in a late-septation phenotype similar to that of ftsK44, with fluorescent dots localized at the blocked septa, suggesting that high levels of the N-terminal domain may still localize but also inhibit FtsK activity. Interestingly, under these conditions fluorescence was also sometimes localized as bands at potential division sites, suggesting that FtsK-GFP is capable of targeting very early. In addition, FtsK-GFP localized to potential division sites in cephalexin-induced and ftsI mutant filaments, further supporting the idea that FtsK-GFP can target early, perhaps by recognizing FtsZ directly. This hypothesis was supported by the failure of FtsK-GFP to localize in ftsZ mutant filaments. In ftsK44 mutant filaments, FtsA and FtsZ were usually localized to potential division sites between the blocked septa. When the ftsK44 mutation was incorporated into the FtsK-GFP fusions, localization to midcell ranged between very weak and undetectable, suggesting that the FtsK44 mutant protein is defective in targeting the septum.
Convenient route to water-sensitive sol–gel precursors using click chemistry (2010)

The CuAAC-'click' reaction under anhydrous conditions is reported as a new tool for the preparation of moisture-sensitive triethoxysilyl compounds that are obtained in 5 minutes in excellent yield with simple purification.
An Average Link Interference-Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

The intrinsic flexibility and independence of infrastructure enable mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) to be widely used in various environments such as disaster rescue, and battlefield. Recently, researches have shown that interference can impose a significant impact on the performance of a MANET. However, there is no unified definition of interference in MANETs currently. Therefore, in this paper, we first introduce an explicit definition of interference. Based on this definition, we present a series of formulas for computing node-interference, link-interference and path-interference, and then propose an interference-aware routing protocol selecting paths with the minimum average link-interference between the source and destination. Paths found by our protocol tend to avoid the areas with high interferences, reducing the number of collisions and packet retransmissions, resulting in higher network throughput and longer lifetime. We implement our average link interference-aware routing protocol (ALIR) on dynamic source routing (DSR). The simulation results illustrate that our protocol is able to achieve better performance than DSR.
The Documentary Hypothesis (2006)

The Sources of Exodus This section briefly surveys the hypothetical literary sources underlying the present Book of Exodus and highlights certain methodological problems. This section briefly surveys the hypothetical literary sources underlying the present Book of Exodus and highlights certain metho
Tunable Blood Compatibility of Polysulfobetaine from Controllable Molecular-Weight Dependence of Zwitterionic Nonfouling Nature in Aqueous Solution (2010)

This work describes a tunable blood compatibility of zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) polymers at a wide range of high molecular weights from 50 kDa to 300 kDa controlled with a similar polydispersity via homogeneous free-radical polymerization. The control of molecular weights of polySBMA highly regulates the zwitterionic nonfouling nature to resist the adsorption of plasma proteins, the coagulant of human plasma, and the hemolysis of red blood cells. In this study, the upper critical solution temperatures (UCSTs) and hydrodynamic size of prepared polymers are determined to illustrate the correlations between intermolecular zwitterionic associations and blood compatibility of polySBMA suspension in human blood. The polySBMA exhibited clear shifts of UCSTs in the stimuli-responsive control of solution pH and ionic strength, which were strongly associated with the molecular weights of the prepared polymers. Plasma-protein adsorption onto the polySBMA polymers from single-protein solutions and the complex medium of 100% human plasma were measured by dynamic light scattering to determine the nonfouling stability of polySBMA suspension. It was found that the nonfouling nature as well as hydration capability of polySBMA can be effectively controlled via regulated molecular weights of zwitterionic polymers. This work shows that the polySBMA polymer with an optimized molecular weight of about 135 kDa at physiologic temperature is presented high hydration capability to function the best nonfouling character of anticoagulant activity and antihemolytic activity in human blood. The excellent blood compatibility of zwitterionic polySBMA along with their stimuli-responsive phase behavior in aqueous solution suggests their potential for use in blood-contacting targeted delivery and diagnostic applications.
The importance of interstitial cells of cajal in the gastrointestinal tract (2013)

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility function and its regulation is a complex process involving collaboration and communication of multiple cell types such as enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and smooth muscle cells. Recent advances in GI research made a better understanding of ICC function and their role in the GI tract, and studies based on different types of techniques have shown that ICC, as an integral part of the GI neuromuscular apparatus, transduce inputs from enteric motor neurons, generate intrinsic electrical rhythmicity in phasic smooth muscles, and have a mechanical sensation ability. Absence or improper function of these cells has been linked to some GI tract disorders. This paper provides a general overview of ICC; their discovery, subtypes, function, locations in the GI tract, and some disorders associated with their loss or disease, and highlights some controversial issues with regard to the importance of ICC in the GI tract.
GeneVetter: a web tool for quantitative monogenic assessment of rare diseases (2015)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Enhancing Cluster Application Performance via Smarter Scheduling and Stronger SOAP (2005)

Current systems for managing workload on clusters of workstations, particularly those available for Linux-based (Beowulf) clusters, are typically based on traditional process-based, coarse-grained parallel and distributed programming. The DESPOT project is building a sophisticated resource-monitoring and scheduling system for computational, storage and network resources. In this paper we present our enhanced scheduling algorithm within DESPOT, our architecture for low-overhead, fine-grained resource-monitoring tools for per-process network and other resource usage. This algorithm takes into account network, CPU, and memory demands to go beyond simple load balancing for better performance. We also present our architecture for enhancing inter-process communication using the SOAP protocol through the application of multi-level caching. We present experimental results on a small Beowulf cluster showing scheduling performance gains of up to 40%, using the multi-facetted DESPOT algorithm over the MOSIX load-balancing implementation, and SOAP performance gains of up to 600%.
Revisiting Context-based Projection Methods for Term-Translation Spotting in Comparable Corpora (2010)

Context-based projection methods for identifying the translation of terms in comparable corpora has attracted a lot of attention in the community, e.g. (Fung, 1998; Rapp, 1999). Surprisingly, none of those works have systematically investi-gated the impact of the many parameters controlling their approach. The present study aims at doing just this. As a test-case, we address the task of translating terms of the medical domain by exploit-ing pages mined from Wikipedia. One in-teresting outcome of this study is that sig-nificant gains can be obtained by using an association measure that is rarely used in practice. 1