gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of [RbHTNR]<sub>∞</sub> (2006)

Abstract A new compound, [RbHTNR] ∞ [HTNR − : C 6 H(NO 2 ) 3 (OH)O − ], was synthesized by the reaction of rubidium nitrate and styphnic acid. The molecular structure was characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The crystalline is monoclinic with space group P 2 1 / n and the empirical formula C 6 H 2 N 3 O 8 Rb. The unit cell parameters are: a =0.4525 nm, b =1.0777 nm, c =1.9834 nm, β =90.47(2)°, V =0.96725 nm 3 , Z =4, D c 2.263 g/cm 3 , M r =329.58, F (000) =640, μ (Mo Kα)=5.165 mm −1 . The thermal decomposition mechanism of the complex was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) and FTIR techniques. At the linear rate of 10 °C/min, the thermal decomposition of the complex showed three mass reducing processes between 60 and 500 °C, and finally evolved RbCN and some gaseous products.
Studies on the Polymorphism of Thiaminase I in Seawater Fish (2008)

Thiaminase I from the seawater fish Fisturalia petimba was characterized, and pI polymorphism of the enzyme was first described, together with the active subfragment of thiaminase I. The liver of F. petimba contained thiaminase I of at least three different pIs and the major fraction exhibited pI 5.7. The most evident difference among pI isozymes was the size of the active subfragments into which they were dissociated. pI 5.7 enzyme dissociated into subfragments of 25 kDa, while pI 7-9 enzymes dissociated into approx. 22 kDa. The reaction rate measured by pyridine as the second substrate was three times higher in pI 7-9 enzymes compared with pI 5.7 enzyme. The degree of cadmium inhibition, when aniline was the co-substrate, also showed obvious differences between pI isozymes. When the major pI fraction was further purified by the difference in hydrophobicity, a smaller active fragment of approx. 22 kDa appeared, indicating the possibility that the difference in the size of active subfragment between isozymes is a result of partial fragmentation. The pI 5.7 enzyme was purified 250 times and the size of the most purified preparation was found to be 106 kDa by gel filtration analysis. The purified preparation gave an active 25 kDa subfragment by SDS-PAGE, together with a 15 kDa non-active subfragment. The enzyme was, thus, inferred to contain active subfragments together with the 15 kDa non-active fragments. Amino acid sequencing of the 25 kDa active subfragment revealed, together with the fully processed N-terminal sequence, two N-terminal peptides with extra Pro-Ser and Gly-Pro-Ser attached to it, and the NCBI non-redundant database did not show significant similarity to other known proteins. On the other hand, the molecular mass of the holoenzyme from the viscera of the seawater fish Engraulis japonica was estimated to be approx. 100 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. An SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that it contained an active subfragment of 22 kDa.
What Anions Do to N−H-Containing Receptors (2006)

Molecules containing polarized N-H fragments behave as H-bond donors toward anions and are widely used as receptors for recognition and sensing purposes in aprotic solvents (CHCl(3), MeCN, and DMSO). We present examples of receptors containing pyrrole and urea subunits, and we discuss the stability of their H-bond complexes with a variety of anions. It is demonstrated that the stability of the 1:1 complexes is strictly related to the acidic tendencies of the receptor and to the basic properties of the anion. It may happen also that more basic anions induce the deprotonation of the receptor, if equipped with electron-withdrawing substituents. This is typically observed on interaction with fluoride, due to the formation of the very stable [HF(2)](-) self-complex. For urea-based receptors armed with chromogenic substituents, the addition of a large excess of the anion (F(-), OH(-)) may induce the consecutive deprotonation of both N-H fragments, processes signaled by the development of vivid colors.
High performance 0.25 μm SiGe and SiGe:C HBTs using non selective epitaxy (2002)

A robust 0.25 /spl mu/m double-poly SiGe HBT structure using non selective epitaxy has been developed. The device features 70/90 GHz f/sub T//f/sub max/ with pure SiGe base in 0.25 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. Performances up to 120/100 GHz f/sub T//f/sub max/ are demonstrated for SiGe:C base transistors.
An active endocytosis pathway is required for the cytotoxic effects of glycosylated antitumor ether lipids. (2011)

The results of the study show that GAELs are taken up by endocytosis and an active endocytic pathway is required for the formation of large acidic vacuoles by GAELs and manifestation of their cytotoxic effects.
Micromachined pH Sensor Using Open Well Structures (2002)

A structure of a glass electrode-type pH sensor for measuring any concentration of in an aqueous solution was embodied with bulk micromachining technology. Two open well structures were formed, and a reference electrode was secured by the Ag/AgCl thin film in the sloped side of the etched structure. A sensitive membrane of an indicator electrode for generating a potential by an exchange reaction to was made with a glass containing Na 20% or more finely so that its thickness might be or so, and then it was bonded to one pyramidal structure. A liquid junction for a current path was formed by filling an agar in the anisotropically etched part of the Si wafer, which had a size of , and then bonded it to the other. After complete fabrication of each part, it was filled with a 2M KCl reference solution and encapsulated the sensor structure with a cold expoxy. The potential value of fabricated pH sensor was about 90mV/pH in the standard pH solutions.
Active sound attenuation across a double wall structure (1994)

The possibility of achieving significant local and global sound attenuation across a flat double wall is demonstrated. It is also shown that sound can be prevented from entering the interior of a cabinlike environment. The approach used is unlike established active noise control techniques.
Deep process neural network for temporal deep learning (2014)

Process neural network is widely used in modeling temporal process inputs in neural networks. Traditional process neural network is usually limited in structure of single hidden layer due to the unfavorable training strategies of neural network with multiple hidden layers and complex temporal weights in process neural network. Deep learning has emerged as an effective pre-training method for neural network with multiple hidden layers. Though deep learning is usually limited in static inputs, it provided us a good solution for training neural network with multiple hidden layers. In this paper, we extended process neural network to deep process neural network. Two basic structures of deep process neural network are discussed. One is the accumulation first deep process neural network and the other is accumulation last deep process neural network. We could build any architecture of deep process neural network based on those two structures. Temporal process inputs are represented as sequences in this work for the purpose of unsupervised feature learning with less prior knowledge. Based on this, we proposed learning algorithms for two basic structures inspired by the numerical learning approach for process neural network and the auto-encoder in deep learning. Finally, extensive experiments demonstrated that deep process neural network is effective in tasks with temporal process inputs. Accuracy of deep process neural network is higher than traditional process neural network while time complexity is near in the task of traffic flow prediction in highway system.
Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Twelfth Volume (1993)

Description Significant scientific information on the latest developments in pesticides formulation and application technologies. 27 papers in sections on: • Novel Surfactants and Their Properties • Pesticide Formulation Technologies • Pesticide Packaging and Management • Pesticide Application Technologies
Synthesis and polymerization of aliphatic bisnadimides (1981)

A series of linear aliphatic and cycloaliphatic bisnadimides of structure has been prepared and polymerized thermally to give highly crosslinked moisture-resistant laminating resins. Cyclopentadiene is evolved by retrograde Diels–Alder reaction during processing, but most is captured by copolymerization. Moisture resistance increases as chain length increases for the homologous series of straight-chain polybisnadimides.
Angiotensin I converting enzyme from human plasma (1977)

The angiotensin I converting enzyme was purified 101 000-fold to homogeneity from human plasma by a combination of chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. The enzyme is similar to other angiotensin I converting enzymes. It is an acidic glycoprotein consisting of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 140 000 with an isoelectric point of 4.6. The enzyme requires chloride ion for activity and is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, angiotensin II, bradykinin, bradykinin potentiating factor nonapeptide, and 3-mercapto-2-D-methylpropanoyl-L-proline (SQ-14,225). The purified preparation cleaves bradykinin as well as angiotensin II and hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine. Its specific activity with angiotensin I is 2.4 units per mg and with hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine is 31.4 units per mg.
Introduction (2005)

Public deliberation and debate are central to both our normative conceptions and everyday observations about liberal democracies. Politicians, journalists, scholars, and ordinary citizens in the United States often refer to the public debate about health care, or gay marriage, or Iraq, or some other issue of national importance. Concerned individuals also often call for a public debate about a topic that has either been ignored or considered unproblematic. In some cases, they might have a specific setting in mind: the floor of the Senate, a town meeting, or perhaps a radio talk show. But in general, what people mean by a public debate, I suspect, is something like a national discussion extending beyond any particular institution or building. Public debates, in this intuitive definition, involve political elites discussing and contesting basic issues, the media reporting these fights and taking sides, and the general public coming to regard the topic of debate as an important national issue.
Generation of a phage‐display library of single‐domain camelid <scp>V<sub>H</sub>H</scp> antibodies directed against <i><scp>C</scp>hlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> antigens, and characterization of <scp>V<sub>H</sub>H</scp>s binding cell‐surface antigens (2013)

Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are powerful tools for the detection, quantification, purification and subcellular localization of proteins of interest in biological research. We have generated camelid (Lama pacos) heavy chain-only variable VH domain (VH H) libraries against antigens in total cell lysates from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The sdAbs in the sera from immunized animals and VH H antibody domains isolated from the library show specificity to C. reinhardtii and lack of reactivity to antigens from four other algae: Chlorella variabilis, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Thalassiosira pseudonana. Antibodies were produced against a diverse representation of antigens as evidenced by sera ELISA and protein-blot analyses. A phage-display library consisting of the VH H region contained at least 10(6) individual transformants, and thus should represent a wide range of C. reinhardtii antigens. The utility of the phage library was demonstrated by using live C. reinhardtii cells to pan for VH H clones with specific recognition of cell-surface epitopes. The lead candidate VH H clones (designated B11 and H10) bound to C. reinhardtii with EC50 values ≤ 0.5 nm. Treatment of cells with VH H B11 fused to the mCherry or green fluorescent proteins allowed brilliant and specific staining of the C. reinhardtii cell wall and analysis of cell-wall genesis during cell division. Such high-complexity VH H antibody libraries for algae will be valuable tools for algal researchers and biotechnologists.
Direct method of design and stress analysis of rotating disks with temperature gradient (1950)

A method is presented for the determination of the contour of disks, typified by those of aircraft gas turbines, to incorporate arbitrary elastic-stress distributions resulting from either centrifugal or combined centrifugal and thermal effects. The specified stress may be radial, tangential, or any combination of the two. Use is made of the finite-difference approach in solving the stress equations, the amount of computation necessary in the evolution of a design being greatly reduced by the judicious selection of point stations by the aid of a design chart. Use of the charts and of a preselected schedule of point stations is also applied to the direct problem of finding the elastic and plastic stress distribution in disks of a given design, thereby effecting a great reduction in the amount of calculation. Illustrative examples are presented to show computational procedures in the determination of a new design and in analyzing an existing design for elastic stress and for stresses resulting from plastic flow.
Interact and communicate. The fifth Jansson Memorial Lecture of the College of Speech Therapists 15th May, 1970. (1971)

Speech therapy is already a highly developed art, which applies in its practice knowledge, concepts and methods drawn from many branches of science. These include, as the training curriculum of the College shows, anatomy, physiology, neurology, phonetics, linguistics and psychology. But science does not stand still. As new areas of research are opened up, new ideas emerge which contribute to the further development of the art.
Role of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Stem Cell Research (2012)

Recent researches have mainly displayed the significant role of stem cells in tissue renewal and homeostasis with their unique capacity to develop different cell types. These findings have clarified the importance of stem cells to improve the effectiveness of any cell therapy for regenerative medicine. Identification of purity and differentiation stages of stem cells are the greatest challenges of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The existing methods to carefully monitor and characterize the stem cells have some unwanted effects on the properties of stem cells, and these methods also do not provide real-time information about cellular conditions. These challenges enforce the usage of nondestructive, rapid, sensitive, high quality, label-free, cheep, and innovative chemical monitoring methods. In this context, vibrational spectroscopy provides promissing alternative to get new information into the field of stem cell biology for chemical analysis, quantification, and imaging of stem cells. Raman and infrared spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a new complimentary spectroscopic approaches to gain new insight into stem cell reseaches for future therapeutic and regenerative medicines. In this paper, recent developments in applications of vibrational spectroscopy techniques for stem cell characterization and identification are presented.
A novel RMS delay-spread estimation technique for wireless OFDM systems (2004)

This paper presents a novel RMS delay-spread estimation technique for wireless OFDM systems in exponentially decaying multipath power-delay channels. The technique utilizes a correlation function evaluated over the cyclic-prefix of the OFDM signal. The RMS delay-spread is estimated by means of a minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) fitting between the observed correlation function and its theoretical expectation. Estimation of the symbol timing and frequency offset parameters is also inherent in the technique. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the technique for the cases of (i) with perfect synchronization, and (ii) with synchronization error. In particular, it is shown that an RMS estimation error as low as 1-2 samples can be achieved for RMS delay-spread, for high channel SNR values (>15 dB). Pilot-symbol-assisted OFDM channel estimation techniques, which require the RMS delay-spread of the wireless channel for optimal frequency domain channel response interpolation, can be benefited by the proposed technique.
Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1983)

In polycrystalline samples, NMR "powder spectra" are broad and much structural information is lost as a result of the orientational disorder. In this Letter Fourier-transform NMR in zero magnetic field is described. With no preferred direction in space, all crystallites contribute equivalently and resolved dipolar splittings can be interpreted directly in terms of internuclear distances. This opens the possiblity of molecular structure determination without the need for single crystals or oriented samples.
Variable polarity plasma arc welding on the Space Shuttle external tank (1984)

Variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) techniques used at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center for the fabrication of the Space Shuttle External Tank are presentedd. The high plasma arc jet velocities of 300-2000 m/s are produced by heating the plasma gas as it passes through a constraining orifice, with the plasma arc torch becoming a miniature jet engine. As compared to the GTA jet, the VPPA has the following advantages: (1) less sensitive to contamination, (2) a more symmetrical fusion zone, and (3) greater joint penetration. The VPPA welding system is computerized, operating with a microprocessor, to set welding variables in accordance with set points inputs, including the manipulator and wire feeder, as well as torch control and power supply. Some other VPPA welding technique advantages are: reduction in weld repair costs by elimination of porosity; reduction of joint preparation costs through elimination of the need to scrape or file faying surfaces; reduction in depeaking costs; eventual reduction of the 100 percent-X-ray inspection requirements. The paper includes a series of schematic and block diagrams.
Paenibacillus hunanensis sp. nov., isolated from rice seeds (2009)

Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains FeL05(T), FeL11, Fek19 and Fek21, were isolated from seeds of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L. Jinyou 611), and their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the four strains were members of the genus Paenibacillus. They showed 95.4 % sequence similarity or less with strains of other Paenibacillus species. The G+C content of strain FeL05(T) was found to be 53.3 mol%. Its predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (61.7 %), C(16 : 0) (10.9 %), iso-C(16 : 0) (7.0 %), anteiso-C(17 : 0) (6.7 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) (5.2 %). On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain FeL05(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus hunanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain FeL05(T) (=ACCC 10718(T) =CGMCC 1.8907(T) =DSM 22170(T)).
High speed A/D converter using resonant tunneling diodes (2003)

A high-speed A/D (analog-to-digital) converter based on the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is described. This A/D converter takes advantage of the folding characteristic of the RTD to reduce the circuit complexity. The speed response of the A/D converter is improved by the fast latching action of the RTD digitizer. Simulations show that the 4-b A/D converter can have a sampling rate greater than 16 GHz. This performance represents a factor-of-five improvement over the best 4-b semiconductor A/D converter that has been reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Deep Learning Architecture for Temporal Sleep Stage Classification Using Multivariate and Multimodal Time Series (2018)

Sleep stage classification constitutes an important preliminary exam in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. It is traditionally performed by a sleep expert who assigns to each 30 s of the signal of a sleep stage, based on the visual inspection of signals such as electroencephalograms (EEGs), electrooculograms (EOGs), electrocardiograms, and electromyograms (EMGs). We introduce here the first deep learning approach for sleep stage classification that learns end-to-end without computing spectrograms or extracting handcrafted features, that exploits all multivariate and multimodal polysomnography (PSG) signals (EEG, EMG, and EOG), and that can exploit the temporal context of each 30-s window of data. For each modality, the first layer learns linear spatial filters that exploit the array of sensors to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and the last layer feeds the learnt representation to a softmax classifier. Our model is compared to alternative automatic approaches based on convolutional networks or decisions trees. Results obtained on 61 publicly available PSG records with up to 20 EEG channels demonstrate that our network architecture yields the state-of-the-art performance. Our study reveals a number of insights on the spatiotemporal distribution of the signal of interest: a good tradeoff for optimal classification performance measured with balanced accuracy is to use 6 EEG with 2 EOG (left and right) and 3 EMG chin channels. Also exploiting 1 min of data before and after each data segment offers the strongest improvement when a limited number of channels are available. As sleep experts, our system exploits the multivariate and multimodal nature of PSG signals in order to deliver the state-of-the-art classification performance with a small computational cost.
Studies of aloe. III. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (2). (1990)

The mechanism of action of aloe-emodin-9-anthrone, a decomposition product of barbaloin, in causing a significant increase in the water content of the rat large intestine, was investigated. Aloe-emodin-9-anthrone inhibited rat colonic Na+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in vitro, and increased the paracellular permeability across the rat colonic mucosa in vivo. Therefore, it seemed that the increase in water content of the rat large intestine produced by aloe-emodin-9-anthrone was due to both inhibition of absorption and stimulation of secretion without stimulation of peristalsis. Furthermore, pretreatment with loperamide, an antidiarrheal agent, completely prevented the increase of paracellular permeability induced by aloe-emodin-9-anthrone but did not completely reduce the concomitant increase in residual fluid volume. These findings suggest that aloe-emodin-9-anthrone has multiple mechanisms of action involved in the increase of water content in the rat large intestine.