gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preservation of renal function: the spectrum of effects by calcium-channel blockers (1997)

The vast majority of animal data derived from models of either remnant kidney or diabetes demonstrate that dihydropyridine (nifedipine-like) calcium-channel blockers (DHPCCBs) effectively reduce arterial pressure but do not significantly affect proteinuria nor prevent development of glomerular scarring. Conversely, the non-DHPCCBs such as diltiazem and verapamil blunt both the rise in proteinuria as well as mesangial matrix expansion and subsequent glomerular scarring in diabetes. Additionally, the non-DHPCCBs markedly attenuate development of glomerular scarring in the remnant kidney model. The primary reasons for these differences between subclasses of CCBs relates to a lack of the following attributes by DHPCCBs: (1) they fail to reduce glomerular membrane permeability which is increased in these models; (2) they fail to affect the synthesis of certain key matrix proteins that perpetuate development of glomerular scarring (this effect may be due to the differential expression of calcium channels within the glomerular mesangium); and (3) the DHPCCBs totally abolish renal autoregulation in these models, an effect not observed with non-DHPCCBs. Taken together with long-term (> 3 year) clinical studies, primarily in diabetic nephropathy, it is clear that the non-DHPCCBs seem to offer protection to the kidney not available with DHPCCBs alone, unless systolic arterial pressure is reduced to levels of < or = 110 mmHg.
Occlusion removal method of partially occluded 3D object using sub-image block matching in computational integral imaging (2008)

In this paper, we propose an occlusion removal method using sub-image block matching for improved recognition of partially occluded 3D objects in computational integral imaging (CII). When 3D plane images are reconstructed in CII, occlusion degrades the resolution of reconstructed images. To overcome this problem, we apply the sub-image transform to elemental image array (EIA) and these sub-images are employed using block matching method for depth estimation. Based on the estimated depth information, we remove the unknown occlusion. After completing the occlusion removal for all sub-images, we obtain the modified EIA without occlusion information through the inverse sub-image transform. Finally, the 3D plane images are reconstructed by using a computational integral imaging reconstruction method with the modified EIA. The proposed method can provide a substantial gain in terms of the visual quality of 3D reconstructed images. To show the usefulness of the proposed method we carry out some experiments and the results are presented.
Water filling capacity of Rayleigh MIMO channels (2002)

MIMO channels can attain high capacities provided that the propagation medium contains enough scatterers. The capacity of MIMO channels can further be increased by performing optimal power distribution over transmit antennas. This, in turn, necessitates knowledge of the channel at the transmitter. It is shown in this paper that for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and small number of antennas, this increase in capacity can be of interest. Rayleigh fading conditions are considered.
Re-emergence of Chikungunya virus in India (2006)

smaller joints), low back pain, and rash. The symptoms are most often clinically indistinguishable form those observed in dengue fever. Indeed, simultaneous isolation of both dengue and chikungunya from the sera of the same patients has been reported earlier indicating the presence of dual infections. 9 Therefore it is very important to clinically distinguish dengue from chikungunya virus infection. Unlike dengue, hemorrhagic manifestations are relatively rare and as a rule shock is not observed in chikungunya virus infection. Most often chikungunya is a self limiting febrile illness. However, neurological complications such as meningoencephalitis have been reported in a small proportion of patients during the first Indian outbreak as well as the recent French Reunion islands outbreaks. 10-11 Mother to child transmission of chikungunya virus was a new observation recorded during the recent French Reunion islands outbreak. 11 The precise reasons for the re-emergence of chikungunya in the Indian subcontinent as well as the other small countries in the southern Indian Ocean are an enigma. Although, it is well recognized that re-emergence of viral infections are due to a variety of social, environmental, behavioural and biological changes, which of these contributed to the re-emergence of chikungunya virus would be interesting to unravel. Genetic analysis of chiungunya viruses have revealed that two distinct lineages were delineated, 12 one containing all isolates from western Africa and the second comprising all southern and East African strains, as well as isolates from Asia. Phylogenetic trees corroborated historical evidence that the virus originated in Africa and subsequently was introduced into Asia. 13 Such studies need to be conducted on virus isolates obtained during the current outbreak in order to understand if any mutation has occurred in the virus that has facilitated the large scale spread of this virus in the region. Alternatively, one could take the simplistic view that the lack of herd immunity within the country probably lead to its rapid spread across several states. A serosurvey conducted at Calcutta a decade ago did reveal that only 4.37% of the sera tested were positive for chikungunya antibodies with the highest seropositivity rates observed in the age group of 51-55 years and no chikungunya antibodies detected in the young and young adults. These findings probably suggest that there is indeed lack of herd immunity to chikungunya virus. Yet another challenge faced during this large outbreak in the country has been the lack of rapid diagnostic facilities. Although, the National Institute of Virology at Pune, has been of great help in determining the etiology of the outbreak relying on one institute in the country to render diagnostic help for case
Enhancing therapeutic efficacy by targeting non-oncogene addicted cells with combinations of signal transduction inhibitors and chemotherapy (2010)

The effects of inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and chemotherapeutic drugs on cell cycle progression and drug sensitivity were examined in cytokine-dependent FL5.12 hematopoietic cells. We examined their effects, as these cells resemble normal hematopoietic precursor cells as they do not exhibit "oncogene-addicted" growth, while they do display "cytokine-addicted" proliferation as cytokine removal resulted in apoptosis in greater than 80% of the cells within 48 hrs. When cytokine-dependent FL5.12 cells were cultured in the presence of IL-3, which stimulated multiple proliferation and anti-apoptotic cascades, MEK, PI3K and mTOR inhibitors transiently suppressed but did not totally inhibit cell cycle progression or induce apoptosis while chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel were more effective in inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Doxorubicin induced a G(1) block, while paclitaxel triggered a G(2)/M block. Doxorubicin was more effective in inducing cell death than paclitaxel. Furthermore the effects of doxorubicin could be enhanced by addition of MEK, PI3K or mTOR inhibitors. Cytokine-dependent cells which proliferate in vitro and are not "oncogene-addicted" may represent a pre-malignant stage, more refractory to treatment with targeted therapy. However, these cells are sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs. It is important to develop methods to inhibit the growth of such cytokine-dependent cells as they may resemble the leukemia stem cell and other cancer initiating cells. These results demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness of targeting early hematopoietic progenitor cells with combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and signal transduction inhibitors.
Theoretical analysis of enhanced electroabsorption related to transition from the second valence subband in wide lattice-matched quantum wells (1995)

We formulate on the basis of field-dependent subband structures a design principle for the TE-polarized electroabsorption (EA) effect in quantum wells (QWs) that includes all the possible subband-to-subband and excitonic absorptions. In contrast with trade-off between band-gap-wavelength shift and exciton oscillator strength in enlarged well widths, the transition from the second valence subband dominantly contributes to the EA enhancement. The reason is clarified in conjunction with the nonparabolicity in the valence-subband structures. The enhancement of the EA change through the second-subband transition in lattice-matched wide QWs can be exploited to build highly efficient EA modulators.
Studies in the Indole Series. XIV. Oxindole-3-acetic Acid (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Indole Series. XIV. Oxindole-3-acetic AcidPercy L. Julian, Helen C. Printy, Roger Ketcham, and Robert DooneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 21, 5305–5309Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01117a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01117a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BRG-1 Is Recruited to Estrogen-Responsive Promoters and Cooperates with Factors Involved in Histone Acetylation (2000)

Several factors that mediate activation by nuclear receptors also modify the chemical and structural composition of chromatin. Prominent in this diverse group is the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) family, which interact with agonist-bound nuclear receptors, thereby coupling them to multifunctional transcriptional coregulators such as CREB-binding protein (CBP), p300, and PCAF, all of which have potent histone acetyltransferase activity. Additionally factors including the Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG-1) that are involved in the structural remodeling of chromatin also mediate hormone-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors. Here, we provide evidence that these two distinct mechanisms of coactivation may operate in a collaborative manner. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor (ER) requires functional BRG-1 and that the coactivation of estrogen signaling by either SRC-1 or CBP is BRG-1 dependent. We find that in response to estrogen, ER recruits BRG-1, thereby targeting BRG-1 to the promoters of estrogen-responsive genes in a manner that occurs simultaneous to histone acetylation. Finally, we demonstrate that BRG-1-mediated coactivation of ER signaling is regulated by the state of histone acetylation within a cell. Inhibition of histone deacetylation by trichostatin A dramatically increases BRG-1-mediated coactivation of ER signaling, and this increase is reversed by overexpression of histone deacetylase 1. These studies support a critical role for BRG-1 in ER action in which estrogen stimulates an ER-BRG-1 association coupling BRG-1 to regions of chromatin at the sites of estrogen-responsive promoters and promotes the activity of other recruited factors that alter the acetylation state of chromatin.
Characterization of <scp>J</scp> anus gold nanoparticles obtained via spontaneous binary polymer shell segregation (2016)

Janus nanoparticles are nanoparticles (NPs) displaying two sides of different chemical nature which makes them of high interest. The formation of the Janus shell provides the NPs an amphiphilic character, which can therefore self‐assemble in a tunable fashion by varying different experimental parameters such as size, polymer ratio and temperature. Here, Au NPs coated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and both polystyrene (PS) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were investigated. [1] The true Janus character of the NPs was determined by electron tomography. Characterization of polymer coated particles by electron microscopy is challenging due to the low contrast of the organic materials. The goal was to distinguish the two different polymers in two types of particles (PEG+PNIPAM and PEG+PS coated Au NPs). Different approaches were used to improve the contrast between the two polymers. The PEG+PNIPAM particles were characterized by specific staining of the hemispheres while the character of the PEG+PS particles was investigated by the growth of silica. First, the PEG+PNIPAM coated NPs were stained with 3 mM CuSO 4 .5H 2 O solution to generate sufficient contrast in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). PNIPAM‐coated NPs showed damage of the polymer upon electron beam irradiation. For PEG‐coated NPs a stable shell was observed. In an attempt to distinguish PNIPAM and PEG, PEG+PNIPAM coated particles were stained and investigated with TEM (Fig. 1). Since conventional TEM images are 2D projections from a 3D object, electron tomography was performed. It must be noted that the conventional technique for tomography in materials science, high angle annular dark field scanning TEM (HAADF‐STEM), could not be applied due to the large difference in atomic number Z for Au and the elements in the polymer shell. Instead, Bright‐Field TEM tomography was applied. Images were acquired over the largest possible range (‐76° to +76°) every 2°, aligned and reconstructed by the SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) algorithm in the Astra Toolbox. [2] The obtained 3D reconstruction displayed rather low contrast between the shell and the background. Manual segmentation based on the orthoslices (xy‐, yx‐ and zx‐direction) could be carried out. This method provided a 3D reconstruction that clearly confirms the formation of stained half‐shells (Fig. 3). In the second case of PEG+PS coated Au NPs, an attempt of staining with calcium phosphate was carried out. In TEM images hemispheres could be observed, but selective staining could not be confirmed. Due to the high affinity of PEG by silica, PEG is able to act as a primer to promote silica condensation. Since PS is hydrophobic and does not allow silica nucleation, the silica shell was expected to occur only at the parts of the NPs that are coated by PEG (Fig. 2). Either staining or silica shell growth over PEG‐coated areas resulted in the observation of semi‐shells (Janus character) in Au NPs by TEM and electron tomography.
Intermediate Goods, Institutions and Output per Worker (2007)

Este articulo analiza un canal especifico a traves del cual las instituciones afectan al producto por trabajador: el impacto de dichas instituciones en la division de la produccion entre empresas. Argumentamos que las instituciones debiles aumentan los costos de transaccion, en especial aquellos en que las firmas deben incurrir en sus relaciones con proveedores de bienes intermedios. Las firmas responden a estos mayores costos sustituyendo bienes intermedios adquiridos a terceros por bienes producidos en la firma. Esta sustitucion reduce el grado de especializacion, lo que a su vez genera perdidas de productividad. Para testear este mecanismo, aprovechamos diferencias entre sectores en su capacidad de sustituir bienes intermedios por bienes internos. Comenzamos construyendo un indice que mide la complejidad de los bienes intermedios de cada sector en Estados Unidos. Usando este indice, encontramos que las industrias con una estructura de bienes intermedios mas compleja sufren una mayor caida de productividad en paises con instituciones debiles.
67Ga scintigraphy in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation of 67Ga uptake with histology and transferrin receptor expression. (1999)

There were three factors influencing 67Ga uptake in NHL: histology, TfR/CD71 expression and the presence of a large cells component. This justifies the usefulness of 67Ga scintigraphy in staging the TfR/CD71-positive lymphomas.
Immune Evasion Proteins of Murine Cytomegalovirus Preferentially Affect Cell Surface Display of Recently Generated Peptide Presentation Complexes (2009)

For recognition of infected cells by CD8 T cells, antigenic peptides are presented at the cell surface, bound to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. Downmodulation of cell surface MHC-I molecules is regarded as a hallmark function of cytomegalovirus-encoded immunoevasins. The molecular mechanisms by which immunoevasins interfere with the MHC-I pathway suggest, however, that this downmodulation may be secondary to an interruption of turnover replenishment and that hindrance of the vesicular transport of recently generated peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes to the cell surface is the actual function of immunoevasins. Here we have used the model of murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection to provide experimental evidence for this hypothesis. To quantitate pMHC complexes at the cell surface after infection in the presence and absence of immunoevasins, we generated the recombinant viruses mCMV-SIINFEKL and mCMV-Deltam06m152-SIINFEKL, respectively, expressing the K(b)-presented peptide SIINFEKL with early-phase kinetics in place of an immunodominant peptide of the viral carrier protein gp36.5/m164. The data revealed approximately 10,000 K(b) molecules presenting SIINFEKL in the absence of immunoevasins, which is an occupancy of approximately 10% of all cell surface K(b) molecules, whereas immunoevasins reduced this number to almost the detection limit. To selectively evaluate their effect on preexisting pMHC complexes, cells were exogenously loaded with SIINFEKL peptide shortly after infection with mCMV-SIINFEKA, in which endogenous presentation is prevented by an L174A mutation of the C-terminal MHC-I anchor residue. The data suggest that pMHC complexes present at the cell surface in advance of immunoevasin gene expression are downmodulated due to constitutive turnover in the absence of resupply.
Synthese von 3,4‐Dialkyl‐2‐phenylmorpholinen (1990)

Abstract 3,4‐Dimethyl‐2‐phenylmorpholin ( 1 ) und sein 4‐Ethylhomologes 1b werden aus 2a bzw. aus 2b, 3a , bzw. 3b und Ameisensäure in einstufiger Reaktion als Stereoisomeren‐Gemische, in denen die trans‐Isomere (3:1) überwiegen, erhalten.
Correlation of 133Xe clearance, blood flow and histology in the rat sponge model for angiogenesis. Further studies with angiogenic modifiers. (1995)

The results clearly show that the 133Xe clearance technique not only gives an indication of the rate of perfusion of the sponges with blood but also gives a good estimate of its functional vascularity. Thus, the measurement of 133Xe clearance in the sponge implant provides a simple and objective method for routine studies of modifiers of angiogenesis.
Investigation and management solution for privacy identification and electrical energy theft (2011)

This paper discusses a system to determine the identification request for a given person already exists. The check is performed by comparing Applicant attributes (except for signature) against the registration database. For biometric information searches, a Biometric Identification System (BIS), which is an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) Database, is searched against the captured biometric data on the application record. If a matched record already exists or a number of partially matched records exist, then application processing is routed to the “Resolve Duplicate” process. The Fraud Investigation application is built on Privacy Identification and Management Solutions (PRIMS) framework which is based on Identification and Credentialing solutions. The solutions are structured to capture biographic and biometric data in real-time with immediate checks on a person's identity, and produce e-ID cards and passports using this framework. The PRIMS framework supports identity management such as personnel enrolment and application processing, identity verification, secure document production and card inventory control, issuance and post-issuance management, authentication/authorization at point-of-service. The PRIMS framework is built with a flexible, component-based, service-oriented architecture. The PRIMS framework integrates a number of functions required to manage end-to-end life cycle of registered persons and secure documents. PRIMS provides a highly configurable workflow and business rules engine and allows for significant variability to support unique client requirements in the areas of enrolment processing, different technologies for secure documents, and different solutions and uses of biometrics.
High‐resolution ultrasound imaging of the eye – a review (2008)

This report summarizes the physics, technology and clinical application of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the eye, in which frequencies of 35 MHz and above provide over a threefold improvement in resolution compared with conventional ophthalmic ultrasound systems. UBM allows imaging of anatomy and pathology involving the anterior segment, including regions obscured by overlying optically opaque anatomic or pathologic structures. UBM provides diagnostically significant information in conditions such as glaucoma, cysts and neoplasms, trauma and foreign bodies. UBM also can provide crucial biometric information regarding anterior segment structures, including the cornea and its constituent layers and the anterior and posterior chambers. Although UBM has now been in use for over 15 years, new technologies, including transducer arrays, pulse encoding and combination of ultrasound with light, offer the potential for significant advances in high-resolution diagnostic imaging of the eye.
Synthesis and properties of new luminescent acridinium‐9‐carboxylic acid derivatives and their application in luminescence immunoasays (LIA) (1989)

Two new groups of chemiluminescent acridinium labels have been presented: (a) acridinium-9-thiocarboxylates, (b) acridinium-9-(N-sulphonyl)carboxamides. Both groups show higher light yields and faster emission kinetics compared with the known acridinium carboxylate. Owing to the poor storage stability of the thiocarboxylate tracers they are not suitable for commercial use. Acridinium-9-(N-sulphonyl)carboxamides allow a variation of the structure, their stability after conjugation to antibodies is in most cases clearly better than the stability of thiocarboxylate and carboxylate tracers. Light yields and emission kinetics are also superior and good immunoassays have been developed. Therefore, this new class of chemiluminescent labels seems to be suitable for use in commercial assays.