gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Detection Of Severity Of Occlusions Associated With Coronary Artery Disease (2005)

Previous studies done by our group suggest that partially occluded coronary arteries produce sounds due to turbulent blood flow (1-71. In this study the poles obtained with the Miniintun Norm method were used to determine the severity of the coronary occlusions associated with coronary artery disease. The Minimum-Norm method was selected to gen- erate the poles because of its high resolution. Re- sults showed that normal and abnormal records were correctly identified in 54 of 62 cases using tlie poles of the Minimum-Norm method. After separating normal from abnorninls, the data base waf dividcd into three groups: Group A (three mid more occlusions), in which 14 of 20 cases were cor- rectly classified, while Group B (one or two occlu- sions) with 12 of 16; and 20 of 26 of Group C (no apparent occlusion) were identified correctly.
Pulse pressure sensor based on flexible PZT thick-film composite device (2014)

In this paper, a flexible diaphragm pressure sensor has been proposed and developed. The piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick film was used in this sensor as sensing element due to its good piezoelectric property and mechanical flexibility. This kind of PZT film was fabricated recently using tape-casting method. By this process the film thickness can be controlled in the range from tens to hundreds microns, making the novel flexible PZT diaphragm sensor realizable. A sandwiched composite structure of the sensor was designed and fabricated. The properties of the sensor to measure low frequency fluctuating pressures have been investigated experimentally. An experimental setup was designed and constructed to generate pulsing fluid pressure waves and calibrate the sensitivities of sensor samples. The proposed pressure sensor exhibited highly sensitive response to low and quasi-static pressure loading, as well as good flexibility, which is promising in monitoring human blood pressure and respiration.
Vertical gastric plication: an operation for gastro-oesophageal reflux. (1989)

An operation has been devised to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux in which a vertical partition is made parallel to the proximal gastric lesser curvature. The technique, which can be simply, safely and rapidly performed, prevents reflux in the following ways: 1. Increasing the effective length of the 'intra-abdominal oesophagus'; 2. Increasing the crural sling and mucosal flap valve effect; 3. Sharpening the angle of entry into the gastric reservoir; 4. Creating a flutter valve and markedly reducing the gastric cross-sectional area along which reflux can occur. The stomach is neither opened nor divided. The efficacy of the operation was investigated in six dogs which had their lower oesophageal sphincter excised by circular myomectomy before vertical gastric plication. Pre- and postoperative manometric and oesophageal pH studies were performed. Vertical gastric plication prevented the oesophagitis produced by circular myomectomy alone. The operation has been performed in 26 patients over a 2-year period. Assessment has been by clinical methods, ambulatory 24 h pH studies and endoscopy. Twenty-one patients were classified in Visick grades I and II and ambulatory pH recordings showed a marked reduction in reflux in 13 of 14 patients. The operation is technically simple, quick and safe to perform, being accurately and scientifically reproducible.
Identification of post-transplant anti- 5(IV) collagen alloantibodies in X-linked Alport syndrome (1996)

X-linked Alport syndrome (AS) is a heritable disorder which is associated with mutations in the type IV collagen alpha 5 (IV) chain gene (COL4A5) located on chromosome X. Following renal transplantation, an average of 6% of male AS patients develop anti-GBM nephritis. We studied the specificity of the antibodies against type IV collagen in the serum of a patient with COL4A5 partial deletion. The specificity of these alloantibodies was determined against collagenase-digested GBM, as well as against recombinant non-collagenous (NC1) domains of the type IV collagen alpha 1(IV)-alpha 6(IV) chains expressed in escherichia coli. Immunoblotting and ELISA demonstrated that these antibodies bound specifically to the NC1 domain of alpha 5(IV) collagen. There was no binding to the NC1 domain of the other chains, including the Goodpasture antigen. Competitive ELISA confirmed the results obtained by ELISA and immunoblotting. This patient developed alloantibodies directed against antigens present in the grafted kidney, but absent from his Alport kidney. The pathogenesis of post-transplantation glomerulonephritis in the Alport patient studied is thus similar to that of Goodpasture syndrome, with the exception that the pathogenic antibodies are targeted to another alpha chain of type IV collagen.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells migrate to healthy and damaged salivary glands following stem cell infusion (2014)

Xerostomia is a severe side effect of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. To date, no satisfactory treatment option has been established. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as a potential treatment modality, we aimed to evaluate stem cell distribution following intravenous and intraglandular injections using a surgical model of salivary gland damage and to analyse the effects of MSC injections on the recruitment of immune cells. The submandibular gland ducts of rats were surgically ligated. Syngeneic adult MSCs were isolated, immortalised by simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen and characterized by flow cytometry. MSCs were injected intravenously and intraglandularly. After 1, 3 and 7 days, the organs of interest were analysed for stem cell recruitment. Inflammation was analysed by immunohistochemical staining. We were able to demonstrate that, after intravenous injection, MSCs were recruited to normal and damaged submandibular glands on days 1, 3 and 7. Unexpectedly, stem cells were recruited to ligated and non-ligated glands in a comparable manner. After intraglandular injection of MSCs into ligated glands, the presence of MSCs, leucocytes and macrophages was enhanced, compared to intravenous injection of stem cells. Our data suggest that injected MSCs were retained within the inflamed glands, could become activated and subsequently recruited leucocytes to the sites of tissue damage.
Simultaneous determination of positive and negative counterions using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography method (2006)

The objective of this work was to develop a universal high performance liquid chromatography method that is capable of simultaneously retaining and separating both cations and anions within a single chromatographic analysis for the purpose of quantification in pharmaceutical products. A zwitterionic stationary phase operated in the hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mode in conjunction with evaporative light scattering detection was investigated for the separation and quantitation of 33 commonly used pharmaceutical counter ions, 12 cations, and 21 anions. Using a single gradient chromatographic analysis, both anions and cations were easily separated from each other in addition the parent pharmaceutical molecules also were separated. The zwitterionic stationary phase utilized in this study offers unique separation capabilities based upon its mixed-mode separation mechanism (that is, electrostatic ion chromatography with the positively and negatively charged functional groups on the stationary phase and HILIC). As a result, a generic screening method was devised that allows for counterion determinations regardless of the pharmaceutical salt that is investigated. The unique retention characteristics of this column were evaluated by varying key mobile phase parameters, such as pH, buffer strength, and organic modifier. After examining the changes in retention, response, and resolution, this universal method was then further evaluated for reproducibility for multiple counterion determinations. For counterion determinations, a typical precision of <2.0% was observed for all counterions and most determinations were within 2.5% of the theoretical salt concentration. Thus, a very rugged screening method was developed capable of separating both anions and cations within a single chromatographic analysis. Counterion determinations were demonstrated for 10 pharmaceutically relevant salts.
MARITAL INDIA (1929)

MARITAL INDIA*Ex oriente lux; ex occidente lex.-India is the very East indeed.Within its frontiers East and West do meet, but never commingle.A land of contrasts; of light, but not enlightenment; where blistering sunshine strikes fiercely across the eyes like a whip-lash; where are deep shadows in which lurk unnamed things of mystery and terror.Days of smell and noise and unrest.Perfumed nights athrob with sounds and sudden silences.Creak of punka, whirr of electric fan; the raucous syren of a Clan liner in the river, the soft pulsations of a distant temple gong; Rolls Royce and bullock tonga; missionaries, commercial travellers, British subalterns.The Yacht Club on the Apollo Bunder, the Mall at Simla, and the New Delhi are all excellent things of their kind-but the death rate in the city of Bombay is 556 per thousand.In that city every second child that is born dies before it is one year old.For the whole of India, one-fifth of the total mortality is from infants; and of these, 20 per cent.die within the first twelve months.When a child is born in Auchtermuchty, Wigan, or Llanfairfechan, his expectation of life is about fifty years; but when an Indian baby is born he will be * "Sex Problem in India," by N.
Mechanisms of HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: is it all figured out? (2001)

The mechanistic basis for some examples of HIV-1 NRTI-resistance can be examined using altered incorporation of nucleoside analogs and surveying what is known about the more recently described mechanisms of chain-terminator removal. The complexity of these resistance mechanisms and the interplay with other factors that contribute to NRT1 resistance are only just beginning to be appreciated.
A stabilized resistive voltage source for FDTD thin-wire models (2003)

The von Neumann analysis is applied to investigate the stability of a source connected on a wire described by a thin-wire model. Both a soft source and a resistive voltage source (RVS) are shown to limit the stable range of values for wire radius or time step. Using the von Neumann analysis, a stable RVS model for thin wires is developed. The proposed model is verified by comparison with a hard source, an original RVS and NEC-generated reference data. The stabilized RVS introduces no additional stability constraints on those of the wire model while maintaining fast decay of incident fields of the original RVS model.
Control of a Snake-Like Robot in an Elastically Deformable Channel (2008)

Hyper-redundant (HR) (snake-like) robotic manipulators are particularly adept at navigating narrow, convoluted paths, but have traditionally been difficult to model and control. In this paper, we outline a nonmodel-based control methodology, which allows a five-joint HR robot to traverse a foam channel of unknown curvature using the robot actuators as sensors. The robot is fitted to a waveform which is demonstrated to move the robot along a deformable channel. The waveform parameters are variable, and are adjusted by the developed controller such that the robot is able to navigate unknown curving paths. This robot is demonstrated to be able to navigate a constricted, compliant channel in which the robot is in continuous contact with its surroundings. It is intended that this technology be applied to a multilink actuated endoscope.
A novel tumor suppressor locus on chromosome 18q involved in the development of human lung cancer. (1998)

The high incidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 18q in advanced non-small cell lung carcinomas indicates the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) on this chromosome arm, which plays an important role in the acquisition of malignant phenotypes in lung cancers. In the present study, we examined 62 lung cancer specimens and 54 lung cancer cell lines for allelic imbalance at 11 microsatellite loci to define common regions of 18q deletions. Allelic imbalance of 18q was detected in 24 (55.8%) non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens and in 6 (31.6%) small cell lung carcinoma specimens, whereas a similar frequency of LOH was statistically inferred to occur in cell lines by analyzing marker homozygosity as an indirect measure of LOH. Five specimens and 11 cell lines showed partial or interstitial deletions of chromosome 18q, and 2 of them had homozygous deletions at the 18q21.1 region. A commonly deleted region was assigned between the D18S46 and y953G12R loci. The size of this region is less than 1 Mb, and the coding exons of three candidate tumor suppressor genes, Smad2, Smad4, and DCC, were mapped outside the region. This result suggests that the common region harbors a novel tumor suppressor gene involved in the progression of lung cancer.
Transforming Growth Factor-β-Smad Signaling Pathway Cooperates with NF-κB to Mediate NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae-induced MUC2 Mucin Transcription (2002)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and related factors are multifunctional cytokines that regulate diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. The involvement of TGF-beta receptor-mediated signaling in bacteria-induced up-regulation of mucin, a primary innate defensive response for mammalian airways, however, still remains unknown. Here, we report that the bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), an important human respiratory pathogen, utilizes the TGF-beta-Smad signaling pathway together with the TLR2-MyD88-TAK1-NIK-IKKbeta/gamma-IkappaBalpha pathway to mediate NF-kappaB-dependent MUC2 mucin transcription. The NTHi-induced TGF-beta receptor Type II phosphorylation occurred at as early as 5 min. Pretreatment of NTHi with TGF-beta neutralization antibody reduced up-regulation of MUC2 transcription. Moreover, functional cooperation of NF-kappaB p65/p50 with Smad3/4 appears to positively mediate NF-kappaB-dependent MUC2 transcription. These data are the first to demonstrate the involvement of TGF-beta receptor-mediated signaling in bacteria-induced up-regulation of mucin transcription, bring insights into the novel role of TGF-beta signaling in bacterial pathogenesis, and may lead to new therapeutic intervention of NTHi infections.
PSK and Trx80 inhibit B-cell growth in EBV-infected cord blood mononuclear cells through T cells activated by the monocyte products IL-15 and IL-12 (2004)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific immunologic memory is not transferred from mother to child. In vitro infection of cord blood cells can therefore readily lead to the outgrowth of transformed B lymphocytes. We found that the immunomodulator polysaccharide K (PSK) or the mitogenic cytokine truncated thioredoxin (Trx80) inhibited the EBV-induced B-cell proliferation. Using signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) induction as a sign for T- and natural killer (NK) cell activation, we could follow it without any need for cell separation because neither macrophages nor B lymphocytes express SAP. The results suggest the following scenario: EBV infected and activated B lymphocytes. Upon interacting with these cells, T cells became posed for responding to cytokines produced by monocytes. Both PSK and Trx80, which is a secreted C-terminally truncated thioredoxin, activated the monocytes, which then produced cytokines in the presence of the primed T cells. PSK induced interleukin-15 (IL-15), while Trx80 induced IL-12 production. Both cytokines activated the T cells for function. Phosphatidylinositol 3-(PI 3)-kinase and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) were involved in the PSK-induced activation of monocytes. Restimulation of the cultures with EBV-transformed B cells generated specific cytotoxic activity.
A Fast Convolution Method for Implementing Single-Porosity Finite/Infinite Aquifer Models for Water-Influx Calculations (1986)

Summary Existing aquifer models are either computationally inefficient or inaccurate for reservoir water-influx calculations. A new fast convolution method (FCM) that does not require lengthy data manipulation is used to implement four different single-porosity finite and infinite aquifer modeis for unsteady-state water-influx calculations. Numerical examples on circular and linear aquifers, together with a step-by-step calculation, are used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the models. These numerical studies show that the FCM approach is as much as 20% more accurate than the widely used methods for both finite and infinite aquifers. The models can be implemented readily in numerical reservoir simulators, as well as in hand computations.
Synthesis of the alkaloid from Thermoactinomyces species. (1978)

The (S)-(+)-acid (3) obtained from (S)-(+)-alanine is protected the amino group with the benzyloxycarbonyl group and is combined with tryptamine to give the (S)-amide-urethane (5). Hydrogenolysis of 5 affords the (S)-(-)-amide (6) which is identified as the alkaloid (1) obtained from Thermoactinomyces strain TM-64.
A semi‐empirical mathematical model useful for describing the relationship between carbon dioxide, pH, lactate and base in a bicarbonate‐buffered cell‐culture process (2007)

The purpose of the present study was to develop a quantitative relationship between the primary factors of state affecting pH control in a bicarbonate-buffered medium. Starting with the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, several assumptions led to the following equation: L = B(T)-s x dCO2 x 10(pH-pK) where L is the lactate concentration (mM), B(T) is the total amount of base added (mM), s is the solubility of CO(2) (mM/%), dCO(2) is the dissolved CO(2) concentration (%) and pK is the acid ionization constant for bicarbonate. This equation appropriately described the relationship of these factors when using bicarbonate, carbonate and HCl (as a lactic acid surrogate) in water. However, the equation required modification to describe the relationship in cell culture medium, due presumably to the presence of other buffers and components; the final form of the equation from an empirical fit in the absence of cells was: L = B(T)-0.88 x dCO2(0.79) x 10(pH-6038) This equation was tested against actual cell culture data, from inoculum preparation in a T-flask through a 10000-litre fed-batch bioreactor, by comparing the lactate concentration calculated from base, pH and dCO(2) data with that actually measured in the bioreactor using a YSI 8500 SELECT Biochemistry Analyzer (YSI Inc., Yellow Springs, OH, U.S.A.). In every case, the calculated and actual lactate concentrations were in good agreement. The equation was useful for isolating the mechanisms leading to varied base addition across 2-, 600- and 10 000-litre-scale bioreactors. This procedure enables a new approach for quantitatively evaluating and understanding factors associated with bioreactor pH control.
The Clinical Application of the Hippuric Acid and the Prothrombin Tests (1940)

The Clinical Application of the Hippuric Acid and the Prothrombin Tests Armand J. Quick Armand J. Quick From the Department of Pharmacology, Marquette University School of Medicine, Milwaukee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 10, Issue 3, 1 March 1940, Pages 222–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/10.3.222 Published: 01 March 1940 Article history Received: 13 July 1939 Published: 01 March 1940
Comparison of Immunoglobulin G Responses to the Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus in Patients with SARS (2007)

Both the nucleocapsid (N) and the spike (S) proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are able to induce strong humoral responses in humans following an infection. To compare the immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV in SARS patients during the manifestation/convalescent period with those during the postinfection period, serum samples were collected from hospitalized SARS patients within 6 weeks after the onset of illness (set 1; 57 sequential samples from 19 patients) or 2 to 3 months after their recovery (set 2; 33 postinfection samples from 33 subjects). Serum samples from 100 healthy blood donors (set 3), collected in 2002, were also included. The specific IgG response to whole virus, the fragment from positions 450 to 650 of the S protein (S450-650), and the full-length N protein of SARS-CoV were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Western blot assays were carried out to confirm the ELISA results. Fifty-one of the serum samples in set 1 (89%) bound to the N protein, a proportion similar to that which recognized whole virus (79%) and the S-protein fragment (77%). All 33 serum samples from set 2 were strongly positive for N-protein-specific IgG, while 27 (82%) were positive for anti-S450-650 IgG. Two of the serum samples from set 3 were strongly positive for anti-N-protein IgG but not anti-S450-650 IgG. Similar levels of IgG responses to the S and N proteins were observed in SARS patients during the manifestation and convalescent stages. In the postinfection period, however, a number of patients had much lower serum IgG levels against S450-650 than against the N protein.
Comparison of Assay Methods for Benzodiazepines in Urine: A Receptor Assay, Two Immunoassays, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (1997)

We analyzed 127 urine samples for benzodiazepines by a radioreceptor assay and two immunoassays (cloned enzyme donor immunoassay [CEDIA, Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind] and agglutination immunoassay [ONLINE, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg, NJ]). Sixty samples that were positive by at least one of these assays were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which detected benzodiazepines such as oxazepam, nordiazepam, and lorazepam in 44 samples. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the receptor assay were almost equal or superior to those of the two immunoassays, although discrepant results were obtained in some samples. The discrepancies resulted from differences in the cross-reactivity of these assays. For example, the receptor assay could detect lorazepam, while the two immunoassays could not, and CEDIA was interfered with by a metabolite of sertraline while the others were not. This is the first report showing the utility of a receptor assay for screening benzodiazepines in urine.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Rare‐Earth—Aluminum Oxide Glasses. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vaccination of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Polysialic Acid or<i>N</i>-Propionylated Polysialic Acid Conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (2004)

Vaccination with NP-polySA-KLH, but not polySA-KLH, resulted in a consistent high titer antibody response. We are now conducting a de-escalation dosing study with NP-polySA-KLH to better assess the immunogenicity, toxicities, and optimal dose of this vaccine. We plan to incorporate this vaccine as a component of a polyvalent vaccine with GM2, fucosylated GM1, and Globo H to target SCLC.