gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMOS capacitive pressure sensor chip for fingerprint detection (2011)

Biometric techniques, such as fingerprint detection, can be applied to identify a specific user for security and safety reasons. We present a capacitive fingerprint sensor that can detect the difference of pressures induced by the ridges and valleys of a finger tip. Post-CMOS fabrication of the 8×32 sensor array is conducted based on wet etch of CMOS metal layers without requiring additional thin-film deposition and patterning. The size of each sensing pixel is 65×65 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured sensor sensitivity was 0.39 fF/MPa. Part of the fingerprint image was successfully produced by the CMOS sensor chip.
Purification and Characterization of Acr2p, theSaccharomyces cerevisiae Arsenate Reductase (2000)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of the ACR2 and ACR3 genes confers arsenical resistance. Acr2p is the first identified eukaryotic arsenate reductase. It reduces arsenate to arsenite, which is then extruded from cells by Acr3p. In this study, we demonstrate that ACR2 complemented the arsenate-sensitive phenotype of an arsC deletion in Escherichia coli. ACR2 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and expressed in E. coli as a C-terminally histidine-tagged protein that was purified by sequential metal chelate affinity and gel filtration chromatography. Acr2p purified as a homodimer of 34 kDa. The purified protein was shown to catalyze the reduction of arsenate to arsenite. Enzymatic activity as a function of arsenate concentration exhibited an apparent positive cooperativity with an apparent Hill coefficient of 2.7. Activity required GSH and glutaredoxin as the source of reducing equivalents. Thioredoxin was unable to support arsenate reduction. However, glutaredoxins from both S. cerevisiae and E. coli were able to serve as reductants. Analysis of grx mutants lacking one or both cysteine residues in the Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys active site demonstrated that only the N-terminal cysteine residue is essential for arsenate reductase activity. This suggests that during the catalytic cycle, Acr2p forms a mixed disulfide with GSH before being reduced by glutaredoxin to regenerate the active Acr2p reductase.
Risk-Adaptive Engine for Secure ADS-B Broadcasts (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) [<span class="xref">1</span>] is a technology that can be viewed either as a complement or as an alternative to current radar-based surveillance techniques. Despite its many benefits, this technology suffers from the security flaw of having its messages sent as clear text broadcasts, which makes it vulnerable to several kinds of attacks affecting the authenticity and integrity of ADS-b messages - a problem we addressed with a security framework presented in previous work [<span class="xref">2</span>]. In this paper, we propose to enhance that initial work by using keyed-hash message authentication code [<span class="xref">3</span>] (HMAC) to ensure the authenticity and integrity of ADS-B messages. The proposed improvements include changing the structure of the security-related data and, more importantly, adding a cognitive risk adaptive module. These improvements resulted in four main contributions. First, the new structure of the security-related data is more resilient to messages being lost or scrambled. Second, the risk-adaptive cognitive engine facilitates the physical risk assessment of the ADS-B attacks, based on the collected data describing the aircraft and its surrounding environment. Third, air traffic controllers using the framework have better support for optimizing the use of the air space and minimizing disruptions. Fourth, the framework improves adaptability of ATC surveillance operations by leveraging the collected physical data from the aircraft.</div></div>
Sidelobe suppression in annular array and axicon imaging systems (1988)

The equations describing the focal depth two-way cw beam patterns of an annular array, which is focused on transmit and receive, are analyzed. The approach of using different size apertures on transmit and receive, in order to place the minima of one beam pattern near the sidelobe of the other for sidelobe suppression, is investigated. The optimum sidelobe response occurs when the transmit aperture is about 0.76 (or 1/0.76) of the receive aperture. A similar analysis is carried out for J20 synthesis in axicon imaging. The effects of pulsed mode operation, aperture apodization, and the shape of the beam pattern outside of the focal depth are investigated with computer simulations for the beam pattern of a 5-MHz annular array.
Tumor-directed immunotherapy can generate tumor-specific T cell responses through localized co-stimulation (2016)

The most important goals for the field of immuno-oncology are to improve the response rate and increase the number of tumor indications that respond to immunotherapy, without increasing adverse side effects. One approach to achieve these goals is to use tumor-directed immunotherapy, i.e., to focus the immune activation to the most relevant part of the immune system. This may improve anti-tumor efficacy as well as reduce immune-related adverse events. Tumor-directed immune activation can be achieved by local injections of immune modulators in the tumor area or by directing the immune modulator to the tumor using bispecific antibodies. In this review, we focus on therapies targeting checkpoint inhibitors and co-stimulatory receptors that can generate tumor-specific T cell responses through localized immune activation.
Evaluation of separate role of intestine and liver in first pass metabolism of budesonide in rat (2017)

1. Budesonide, a potent topical corticosteroid, reported to have low oral bioavailability in mice, rat, dog and human due to rapid first pass metabolism. However, there is insufficient information available in literature regarding the role of intestine and or liver responsible for the first pass metabolism of budesonide. 2. Current study in rats investigates the role of intestine and liver in first pass metabolism of budesonide using two in vivo models. Additionally, budesonide was also evaluated in in vitro assays such as thermodynamic solubility, permeability in Caco-2 cells and stability in simulated gastric (SGF), intestinal fluids (SIF) to understand the underlaying cause for low oral bioavailability. 3. Budesonide showed low oral, intra-duodenal and high intra-portal bioavailability in rat. In a dual vein cannulated rat model, intestinal and hepatic extraction ratios calculated based upon intestinal availability (Fa·Fg) and hepatic availability (Fh), suggests hepatic extraction of budesonide is minimal compared to intestinal. 4. In vitro results suggest, solubility and permeability may not be a barrier for the observed low oral bioavailability in rats. 5. Correlating the in vitro and in vivo data together, it can be concluded that, intestine might be playing major role in first pass metabolism of budesonide.
Content of Hemp Fibres and Properties of Nonwovens (2012)

Results of fibre content of variety Bialobrzeskie\nbefore and after hydrothermal treatment with NaOH solution\nhave been compared. The production and properties of hemp\nnonwovens made by carding and hydroentangling also are\nreported. The samples of hydroentangled hemp fibers (varieties\nPurini, Bialobrzeski) have been characterised to determine their\ndimensional properties, water vapour transmission, pore size\ndistribution, thermal properties in order to assess their suitability\nas alternative insulation materials.
Vehicle recognition based on radar and vision sensor fusion for automatic emergency braking (2013)

In this paper, a vehicle recognition algorithm based on radar and vision sensors is proposed with the application to automatic emergency braking. While the commercial radar detects both vehicles and road infrastructure including guardrail and tunnel, in general it does not distinguish between a vehicle and a non-vehicle object. Furthermore, it is well known that while it provides relatively coarse accuracy in the lateral (or azimuth) direction although the accuracy of the radar is high in longitudinal (or radial) direction. These characteristics of radar may cause false detection of a primary vehicle, i.e. the closest preceding vehicle in the same lane, thus resulting in false activation of automatic emergency braking. To improve the false detection, a vehicle recognition method based on shape and motion attributes is suggested. The motion attribute is designed to determine whether the object is either stationary or dynamic and the shape attribute aims to identify whether the objective is a vehicle or not by sensor fusion. Finally, the performance of the proposed vehicle recognition algorithm is validated via the field test data.
Determination of Absorption Characteristics of AG337, a Novel Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor, Using a Perfused Rat Intestinal Model (1998)

<h2>Abstract</h2> The purpose of this study was to determine the intestinal absorption characteristics of AG337, a mechanism-based inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, using a perfused rat intestinal model. Effects of site, pH, temperature, concentration, Na<sup>+</sup>, and inhibitors on the absorption of AG337 were determined, after the compound was shown to be stable in buffers of various pH, blank perfusate, and intestinal homogenate. The results indicated that absorption of AG337 was temperature-, pH-, Na<sup>+</sup>-, concentration-, and site-dependent. The best site of absorption is duodenum, where the absorption was 3-10 times (p < 0.05) higher than absorption at jejunum, ileum, and colon. Among the four pH's studied, the best was at pH6.5 (p < 0.05). Absorption was 80% lower in the absence of Na+, and 75% lower when the temperature of the perfusate was decreased to 4°C. Permeability of AG337 also decreased about 75% when the concentration was raised to 100<i>μ</i>M. These results suggest that a nutrient carrier may be involved in the transport of AG337. To determine the carrier responsible for the absorption of AG337, its absorption was determined in the presence of various inhibitors at different concentrations. The results indicated that transport of AG337 was inhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) by 100<i>μ</i>M of adenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. The transport was also inhibited significantly (p < 0.01) by a mixture of 100<i>μ</i>M each of adenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine, but not by a mixture of 100<i>μ</i>M each of thymine and uracil. A higher concentration of hypoxanthine resulted in increased inhibition. In contrast, prototypical inhibitors of nucleoside transporter, dipyridamole and nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), did not significantly decrease the transport of AG337. The results also showed that absorption of AG337 had a significant nonsaturable component, with a nonsaturable <i>P</i><sub>w</sub> of 0.8. In conclusion, absorption of AG337 in the rat intestine has been shown to be mainly via a purine base carrier with a significant nonsaturable component.
An Experimental Human Model of Metal Fume Fever (1991)

Zinc oxide welding fume was associated with a marked dose-dependent increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 22 hours after exposure but was not associated with a clinically significant change in pulmonary function or airway reactivity. Although we did not identify increases in either interleukin-1 or TNF levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cytokines or a cytokine-like mechanism may mediate the syndrome of metal fume fever.
Total Dose Radiation-Hardened Latch-Up Free CMOS Structures for Radiation-Tolerant VLSI Designs (1986)

In order to design radiation-tolerant CMOS VLSI circuits, six different radiation-hardened structures including SOS, have been investigated utilizing 4-bit clocked CMOS static shift registers with a 5 V supply voltage. Packing density has been compared, utilizing clocked CMOS static shift register cells which have been designed using the same 2 μm design rules. Total dose radiation test results and latch-up holding voltages have been shown. Propagation delay times have also been shown, utilizing nineteen-stage CMOS ring oscillators. Based on the above results, the usefulness of thin field oxide introduced between source/drain diffusion layers and thick field oxide, combined with epitaxial or SOS substrate is discussed for use in radiation-tolerant CMOS VLSI designs.
ATPG for heat dissipation minimization during test application (2002)

A new ATPG algorithm has been proposed that reduces average heat dissipation (between successive test vectors) during test application. The objective is to permit safe and inexpensive testing of low power circuits and bare dies that would otherwise require expensive heat removal equipment for testing at high speeds. Three new functions, namely transition controllability, observability and test generation costs, have been defined. It has been shown that the transition test generation cost is the minimum number of transitions required to test the corresponding stuck-at fault in fanout free circuits. This cost function is used for target fault selection while the other two functions are used to guide the backtrace and objective selection procedures of PODEM. The tests generated by the proposed ATPG decrease heat dissipation during test application by a factor of 2-23 for benchmark circuits.
Cross-sectional association of 10 molecular markers of bone, cartilage, and synovium with disease activity and radiological joint damage in patients with hip osteoarthritis: the ECHODIAH cohort. (2005)

This cross-sectional study of OA molecular markers in a large cohort may provide biological evidence of different pathophysiological processes involved in hip OA. Among the markers measured, CTX-II showed the most consistent association with the symptoms and joint damage of OA.
NOMAD: Non-locking, stOchastic Multi-machine algorithm for Asynchronous and Decentralized matrix completion (2013)

We develop an efficient parallel distributed algorithm for matrix completion, named NOMAD (Non-locking, stOchastic Multi-machine algorithm for Asynchronous and Decentralized matrix completion). NOMAD is a decentralized algorithm with non-blocking communication between processors. One of the key features of NOMAD is that the ownership of a variable is asynchronously transferred between processors in a decentralized fashion. As a consequence it is a lock-free parallel algorithm. In spite of being an asynchronous algorithm, the variable updates of NOMAD are serializable, that is, there is an equivalent update ordering in a serial implementation. NOMAD outperforms synchronous algorithms which require explicit bulk synchronization after every iteration: our extensive empirical evaluation shows that not only does our algorithm perform well in distributed setting on commodity hardware, but also outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on a HPC cluster both in multi-core and distributed memory settings.
Diagnosis of infection by preoperative scintigraphy with indium-labeled white blood cells (1987)

Scintigraphy with indium-labeled white blood cells has been reported to be sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of low-grade sepsis of the musculoskeletal system. We reviewed the records of fifty patients who had suspected osteomyelitis or suspected infection about a total joint prosthesis and who underwent scintigraphy with technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate and scintigraphy with indium-111 oxine-labeled white blood cells before an open surgical procedure. Any patient who received preoperative antibiotics was not included in the study. For all of the patients, gram-stain examination of smears, evaluation of a culture of material from the operative site, and histological examination were done. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I was composed of twenty-four patients, each of whom had a prosthesis in place and complained of pain. Group II was composed of twenty-six patients for whom a diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis had to be considered. With the indium scans alone, there was only one false-negative result (in Group II), but there were eighteen false-positive results (eight patients in Group II and ten patients in Group I). Although scintigraphy with indium-labeled white blood cells is quite sensitive, it is not specific in detecting chronic osteomyelitis; a negative scan should be considered highly suggestive that osteomyelitis is not present. Specificity can be increased by interpreting the indium scan in conjunction with the technetium scan.
Lack of effect of verapamil and isosorbide dinitrate on the hepatic clearance of indocyanine green in cirrhosis. (1990)

1. Vasodilators are currently under investigation as possible therapeutic agents in the treatment of portal hypertension. Among them calcium-channel antagonists and organic nitrates have been of particular interest. Few and conflicting data, however, have been reported on their effect on liver function. 2. Twenty patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis were studied before and 25-35 min following the acute administration of 5 mg verapamil i.v. (eight patients) or 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate sublingually (12 patients). The plasma clearance of indocyanine green (ICG) and its intrinsic hepatic clearance were used as indices of liver function. Seven further patients were investigated before and after a placebo infusion according to the same methodology. 3. No significant change in ICG kinetics was found after verapamil or isosorbide dinitrate.
The wonders of the magic wand (2011)

Abstract Ultrasonography started as a tool for pregnancy diagnosis but its use has extended over the years. Frances Barr brings things up to date.
SSC1, an essential member of the yeast HSP70 multigene family, encodes a mitochondrial protein. (1989)

SSC1 is an essential member of the yeast HSP70 multigene family (E. Craig, J. Kramer, and J. Kosic-Smithers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:4156-4160, 1987). Analysis of the SSC1 DNA sequence revealed that it could encode a 70,627-dalton protein that is more similar to DnaK, an Escherichia coli hsp70 protein, than other yeast hsp70s whose sequences have been determined. Ssc1p was found to have an amino-terminal extension of 28 amino acids, in comparison with either Ssa1p, another hsp70 yeast protein, or Dnak. This putative leader is rich in basic and hydroxyl amino acids, characteristic of many mitochondrial leader sequences. Ssc1p that was synthesized in vitro could be imported into mitochondria and was cleaved in the process. The imported protein comigrated with an abundant mitochondrial protein that reacted with hsp70-specific antibodies. We conclude that Ssc1p is a mitochondrial protein and that hsp70 proteins perform functions in many compartments of the cell.
Electrochemical formation of an organic thin film by disruption of micelles (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical formation of an organic thin film by disruption of micellesKatsuyoshi Hoshino and Tetsuo SajiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 19, 5881–5883Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00253a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00253a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patent Renewals and R&D Incentives (1998)

In a model with moral hazard and assymmetric information, we show that it can be welfare-improving to differentiate patent lives when firms have different R&D productivities. A uniform patent life provides excessive R&D incentive to low-productivity firms, and too little to high ones. The optimally differentiated patent scheme can be implemented through a menu of patent lives (or renewals) and associated fees. We characterize the optimal mechanism, and use simulation analysis to compare it with existing patent renewal systems and to illustrate the potential welfare gains from the optimal policy.
Up-regulation of c-FLIPshort and reduction of activation-induced cell death in CD28-co-stimulated human T cells (2000)

Efficient activation of antigen-specific T cells requires co-stimulatory signals provided e.g. by CD28. Re-exposure to antigen and CD28 co-stimulation reduces activation-induced cell death (AICD) and increases the number of T cells performing effector functions. AICD is mediated predominantly by CD95 (APO-1/Fas) and its cognate ligand (CD95L). In an in vitro model system, using human peripheral activated T cells, we demonstrate here that costimulation prevents CD95L expression. Moreover, we show that co-stimulation reduces the activity of the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex and procaspase-8 activation. In parallel, co-stimulation strongly increases expression of the short form of the FLICE-inhibitory protein c-FLIPshort and of Bcl-xL. These data provide important new insight into the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis resistance in co-stimulated T cells.