gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of STAT3 Prevents Neointima Formation by Inhibiting Proliferation and Promoting Apoptosis of Neointimal Smooth Muscle Cells (2003)

In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), STAT3 mediates proliferation signal by directly activating transcription of early growth response genes. Recently, we have found that balloon injury transiently induces JAK2 and STAT3 expressions and activations with a peak at day 7 in rat carotid artery. However, the specific role of STAT3 in neointima formation remains unknown. Adenoviral vector encoding a dominant negative STAT3 (AxCAdnSTAT3) or beta-galactosidase (control) was overexpressed in a balloon-injured artery to inhibit endogenous STAT3 activation selectively. In controls, neointima became evident after day 4, and reached a maximum at day 14. The number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive proliferating or TUNEL-positive apoptotic neointimal SMCs peaked at day 7, decreasing to lower levels by day 14. AxCAdnSTAT3 not only abrogated STAT3 phosphorylation but also decreased BrdU labeling index by 60% and increased TUNEL index by 35% at day 7 versus controls, resulting in the 40% reduction in the intima/media area ratio at day 14. At day 7, in controls, vascular injury upregulated antiapoptotic mediator Mcl-i and Bcl-xL expression by 8-fold to 5-fold, respectively, versus sham, whereas proapoptotic Bax slightly increased by 1.5-fold versus sham. AxCAdnSTAT3 reversed the upregulated Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL levels by 70% and 37%,respectively, while having no affect on Bax expression. In conclusion, the STAT3-mediated pathway plays an important role in neointima formation through enhanced vascular SMC accumulation by promoting cell proliferation and survival.
Chain Degradation under Low-Intensity Sonication of Polymer Solutions in the Presence of Filler: Mechanism of Ultrasonic Degradation of Flexible Chain Macromolecules (2012)

Routine dispersion of fillers in polymer solutions in a usual ultrasonic cleaning bath has been shown to lead to chain degradation. It is the filler presence, only, that has been demonstrated to provoke chain degradation under low-intensity sonication. A critical analysis of the literature concerned with the effects arising from propagation of acoustic waves in a liquid and an experimental study of ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution were carried out. Based on these results, the mechanisms of chain degradation were discussed. Our previously proposed universal mechanism of chain degradation in inhomogeneous hydrodynamic fields has been shown to explain the basic facts repeatedly confirmed over the years of studying the ultrasonic degradation: (i) the existence of a limiting molecular weight such that macromolecules with lower molecular weights are not subject to degradation and (ii) the dependences of degradation rate on polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, and temperature.
Enhanced Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Novel Lentiviral Vectors Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Antisense RNA (2002)

We have developed optimized versions of a conditionally replicating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector for gene therapy of HIV-1 infection. These vectors target HIV-1 RNAs containing sequences of the envelope gene by expressing a 1-kb fragment of the HIV-1 Tat/Rev intron in the antisense orientation. Expression of the envelope antisense gene (envAS) was evaluated under the control of different internal promoters such as the human phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter, the human EF1-alpha promoter, and the U3 region of the SL3 murine leukemia virus. The U3-SL3 promoter transactivates transcription from the vector HIV-1 LTR and drives higher expression levels of envAS-containing RNAs than other promoters in T-cell lines. The effect of other vector structural features was also evaluated. We found that the central polypurine tract and central termination sequence (cPPT) produce a small increase in vector infectivity of 2-fold to 3-fold and results in a 10-fold higher inhibition of wild-type viral replication in challenge experiments. The woodchuck hepatitis posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) does not increase the cytoplasmic levels of envAS mRNA in T-cell lines. We observed that SupT1 and primary CD4(+) T cells transduced with these vectors showed high inhibition of HIV-1 replication, suppression of syncitium formation, and increased cell viability when infected with several HIV-1 laboratory strains. Our results suggest that higher vector copy number and increased levels of envAS RNA expression contribute to block replication of divergent strains of HIV-1.
Antibodies to Sequential and Conformational Determinants (1967)

The poor reaction, or total lack of cross reaction, between denatured proteins and antibodies to the same proteins in their native form, was one of the early immunochemical observations (Landsteiner, 1945). Undoubtedly, this phenomenon is due to changes within the conformation of the protein molecule. "Conformation" designates here a particular arrangement of atomic positions of a molecule, which can be achieved without the reorganization of chemical bonds (as in isomerization, tautomerization, inversion) (Schellman and Schellman, 1964). The unique conformation of a native protein is the result of its primary, secondary, tertiary, and—when applicable—quaternary structure. The primary structure is the chemical sequence of amino acids within a polypeptide chain; the secondary structure results from interactions between the polypeptide backbones, usually involving hydrogen bonds(e.g., α-helix, β-structures); the tertiary structure is concerned with intrachain and interchain interactions between amino acid side chains, and includes disulfide bridges; finally, the quaternary structure results from interactions...
Lipoproteins, Malignancy, and Anticancer Agents (2017)

In humans, about two-thirds of plasma cholesterol can be recovered in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction, mostly in esterified form. High density lipoprotein is believed to promote the removal of cholesterol from the cells and mediate its transport centripetally to the liver from where it can be excreted in the bile. LDL receptors seem to be downregulated since it is possible to increase the receptor activity of freshly isolated white blood cells by incubating them in a medium containing lipoprotein-deficient serum. Cholesterol has both structural and metabolic functions in animal cells. It is considered to regulate the membrane fluidity, thereby maintaining a microen-vironment appropriate for the operation of membrane-linked enzymes and transport proteins. An examination of age-adjusted cancer incidence rates by serum cholesterol level showed an inverse association between cholesterol and all cancer, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, bladder cancer, and leukemia.
Support Vector Machines based on set covering (2004)

Absfract-SupportVector \Iachines (SVMs) have been the promising method in the field of machine learning.But for the real applications there are still some drawbacks in S,"\ls.e.g. the high training cost and too many support vectors.This paper presents a novel method based on set covering to overcome these drawbacks.called SC-S,"\ls.Some experiments on real data show the effectiveness of this new method.Index Terllls---SVMs
4-Dialkylaminopyridine als hochwirksame Acylierungskatalysatoren (1978)

4-Dialkylaminopyridine, aus Pyridin in zwei Stufen leicht zugänglich, sind etwa 104fach wirksamere Acylierungskatalysatoren als die Stammsubstanz. Sie werden in zunehmendem Maße bei Acylierungen eingesetzt, die mit Pyridin als Katalysator nicht oder nur unvollständig ablaufen. Der Aufsatz gibt eine Übersicht über die vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, u. a. in der Chemie der Terpene, Steroide, Kohlenhydrate und Nucleoside, bei der Umwandlung von Aminosäuren in α-Acylaminoketone und bei der Polymerisation von Isocyanaten. Daneben können N-substituierte 4-Dialkylaminopyridinium-Salze in wäßrigen Medien zur Übertragung empfindlicher Gruppen auf Nucleophile verwendet werden. Der außerordentlich hohe katalytische Effekt der neuen Katalysatoren beruht u. a. darauf, daß sie auch in unpolaren Solventien hohe Konzentrationen an N-Acylpyridinium-Salzen bilden und daß diese Salze als locker gebundene reaktive Ionenpaare vorliegen.
Molecular basis of species-specific expression of repolarizing K<sup>+</sup>currents in the heart (2003)

There are important species-specific differences in K+ current profiles and arrhythmia susceptibility, but interspecies comparisons of K+ channel subunit expression are lacking. We quantified voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) subunit mRNA and protein in rabbits, guinea pigs, and humans. Kv1.4, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3 mRNA was present in rabbits but undetectable in guinea pigs. MinK mRNA concentration in guinea pigs was almost threefold greater versus humans and 20-fold versus rabbits. MinK protein expression in guinea pigs was almost twofold that in humans and sixfold that in rabbits. KvLQT1 mRNA concentration was greatest in humans, and protein expression in humans was increased by approximately 2- and approximately 7-fold compared with values in rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. The ether-a-go-go-related gene (ERG1) mRNA was more concentrated in humans, but ERG1 protein expression could not be compared across species because of epitope sequence differences. We conclude that important interspecies differences in cardiac K+ channel subunit expression exist and may contribute to the following: 1) lack of a transient outward current in the guinea pig (alpha-subunit transcription absent in the guinea pig heart); 2) small slow delayed rectifier current and torsades de pointes susceptibility in the rabbit (low-level minK expression); and 3) large slow component of the delayed rectifier current in the guinea pig (strong minK expression).
High Resolution Electron Microscopy Using Phase Plates (1971)

The phase contrast transfer properties of objective lenses used in electron microscopy are not at all satisfactory and therefore the interpretation of phase contrast images is quite limited in the high resolution field. Phase contrast, however, is the dominant factor in creating contrast in high resolution electron microscopy. This is why methods which promise to improve the transfer conditions are of great importance. A series of experiments has been reported to improve the contrast transfer conditions by zonal or semicircular filtering in the back focal plane of the objective lens or in subsequent light optical reconstruction. By these methods the transfer properties can be improved only to a certain degree. For ideal imaging a transfer function would be desirable that is of constant value for the whole spatial frequency spectrum relevant to high resolution microscopy. This should in principle be attainable by inserting a phase shifting foil of varying thickness into the back focal plane.
Generation, diffusivity, and reactivity of singlet oxygen in polymer matrices. A convenient and sensitive chemiluminescent technique (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration, diffusivity, and reactivity of singlet oxygen in polymer matrices. A convenient and sensitive chemiluminescent techniqueNicholas J. Turro, Ming-Fea Chow, and Michael A. BlausteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 22, 7110–7112Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00490a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00490a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3-AMINO-o-PHTHALIC ACID AND CERTAIN OF ITS DERIVATIVES. (1909)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-AMINO-o-PHTHALIC ACID AND CERTAIN OF ITS DERIVATIVES.Marston Taylor Bogert and Farel Louis JouardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1909, 31, 4, 483–490Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1909Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1909https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01934a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01934a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A +70-dBm IIP3 Electrical-Balance Duplexer for Highly Integrated Tunable Front-Ends (2016)

An electrical-balance duplexer achieving the state-of-the-art linearity and insertion loss (IL) performance is presented, enabled by a partially depleted RF silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. A single-ended configuration avoids the common-mode isolation problem suffered by topologies with a differential low-noise amplifier. Highly linear switched capacitors allow for impedance balancing to antennas with <;1.5:1 voltage standing wave ratio from 1.9 to 2.2 GHz. +70-dBm input-referred third-order intercept point is achieved under high transmitter (TX) power (+30.5 dBm max.). TX IL is <;3.7 dB, and receiver IL is <;3.9 dB.
The Biological Behavior of Autologous Collagen Injected into the Rabbit Bladder (1995)

Growing interest in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux and urinary incontinence has led to the development of safe reliable techniques that use an injectable bulking agent. A variety of injectable materials has been studied, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, fat and bovine collagen. We evaluated autologous collagen extracted from the dermis of skin for potential use in the urinary tract. Therefore, an animal model was developed to study the biological behavior of autologous collagen within the bladder. Collagen was extracted from the skin of rabbits and radiolabeled with 125iodine. An aliquot of radiolabeled autologous collagen was injected submucosally in the bladder. The animals were monitored weekly under a gamma camera. The decay of the radiolabeled collagen was recorded during 50 days. The animals were then sacrificed and the bladder wall at the site of injection was studied histologically and on electron microscopy. Decay of the injected collagen within the urinary tract was similar to control material, indicative of good stability within the bladder. A mild inflammatory response with fibroblastic and vascular invasion of the collagen implant was observed. These preliminary data suggest that autologous collagen injected endoscopically can provide a safe reliable bulking material that could be used to treat urinary incontinence and lower grades of vesicoureteral reflux in children.
Experimentally Validated Model for the Prediction of the HOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of Boronsubphthalocyanines (2011)

We report the rapid screening of phenoxyboronsubphthalocyanine (PhO-BsubPc) derivatives for sensitivity of their HOMO and LUMO energy levels (EH and EL) to substitution with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functional groups using semiempirical methods. Subsequently, we have synthesized a selection of seven PhO-BsubPc derivatives, further modeled the seven derivatives using DFT methods, and measured or determined their respective EH and EL. We have used a combination of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy to correlate the computational predictions with experimental data. From these experimental and computational results, we have shown that EH and EL of PhO-BsubPcs are more sensitive to peripheral substitutions than to substitution on the axial phenoxylate. The frontier molecular orbitals, calculated using DFT methods, were found to be exclusively located on the boronsubphthalocyanine ligand among the seven PhO-BsubPc derivatives. A mathematical model correlating computational results with experimental data was determined which can be subsequently used to rapidly predict how structural factors influence the EH and EL to direct synthetic and engineering efforts.
Self-Similarity-Based Compression of Point Clouds, with Application to Ray Tracing (2007)

Many real-world, scanned surfaces contain repetitive structures, like bumps, ridges, creases, and so on.We present a compression technique that exploits self-similarity within a point-sampled surface. Our method replaces similar surface patches with an instance of a representative patch. We use a concise shape descriptor to identify and cluster similar patches. Decoding is achieved through simple instancing of the representative patches. Encoding is efficient, and can be applied to large datasets consisting of millions of points. Moreover, our technique offers random access to the compressed data, making it applicable to ray tracing, and easily allows for storing additional point attributes, like normals.
Recovering traceability links between source code and fixed bugs via patch analysis (2011)

Traceability links can be recovered using data mined from a revision control system, such as CVS, and an issue tracking system, such as Bugzilla. Existing approaches to recover links between a bug and the methods changed to fix the bug rely on the presence of the bug's identifier in a CVS log message. In this paper we present an approach that relies instead on the presence of a patch in the issue report for the bug. That is, rather than analyzing deltas retrieved from CVS to recover links, our approach analyzes patches retrieved from Bugzilla. We use BugTrace, the tool implementing our approach, to conduct a case study in which we compare the links recovered by our approach to links recovered by manual inspection. The results of the case study support the efficacy of our approach. After describing the limitations of our case study, we conclude by reviewing closely related work and suggesting possible future work.
Dependence of Thermal Properties of Expandable Polystyrene Particle Foam on Cell Size and Density (2010)

An approach to improve the efficiency of the thermal insulation behavior of expandable polystyrene (EPS) particle foams by diminishing the thermal conductivity is the reduction of the radiation term of the thermal conductivity by an adjusted enlargement of the cell size of the particle foam. This correlation was investigated in detail by the determination of the dependences of cell size and thermal conductivity on the densities of the particle foam over a wider range using samples of expandable polystyrene particle foams showing conventional fine cell size as well as enlarged cell sizes. Based on the dependence of cell size on foam density of fine cell EPS foams, an equation is given also covering foams of larger cells. At the same mean diameter of the foam cells, the thermal conductivity of the EPS foam is increasing with a decrease in foam density in the whole range of diameters investigated from about 50—350 µm. At the same foam density, the thermal conductivity is in general independent of the mean cell diameter of the EPS foam at high foam densities, whereas at lower foam densities, the thermal conductivity is decreasing with increasing mean cell diameter of the foam, in a range of foam densities from about 10—35 g/L. Subsequently, a practical model to describe the dependence of thermal conductivity of expandable polystyrene particle foam on cell size and foam density is proposed and discussed.
Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Targeted Radiotherapeutics, Part 3:  -Particle-Induced Radiolytic Effects on the Chemical Behavior of 211At (2007)

The emergence of a reduced form of astatine, At(2), at higher radiation doses is consistent with the decline in SAB yields observed under these conditions. Alteration of the chemical form of the astatine by radiolysis could account for the declining yields noted in the preparation of clinical-level (211)At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals and when the labeling chemistry is initiated hours after (211)At production.
Thrombospondin-1 Is a Transcriptional Repression Target of PRMT6 (2009)

Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is known to catalyze the generation of asymmetric dimethylarginine in polypeptides. Although the cellular role of PRMT6 is not well understood, it has been implicated in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. PRMT6 is known to methylate histone H3 Arg-2 (H3R2), and this negatively regulates the lysine methylation of H3K4 resulting in gene repression. To identify in a nonbiased manner genes regulated by PRMT6 expression, we performed a microarray analysis on U2OS osteosarcoma cells transfected with control and PRMT6 small interfering RNAs. We identified thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent natural inhibitor of angiogenesis, as a transcriptional repression target of PRMT6. Moreover, we show that PRMT6-deficient U2OS cells exhibited cell migration defects that were rescued by blocking the secreted TSP-1 with a neutralizing peptide or blocking alpha-TSP-1 antibody. PRMT6 associates with the TSP-1 promoter and regulates the balance of methylation of H3R2 and H3K4, such that in PRMT6-deficient cells H3R2 was hypomethylated and H3K4 was trimethylated at the TSP-1 promoter. Using a TSP-1 promoter reporter gene, we further show that PRMT6 directly regulates the TSP-1 promoter activity. These findings show that TSP-1 is a transcriptional repression target of PRMT6 and suggest that neutralizing the activity of PRMT6 could inhibit tumor progression and therefore may be of cancer therapeutic significance.
[Treating STZ-induced diabetic rats with agarose microcapsulated porcine islets]. (1996)

The agarose microcapsule processes a better function of immunoisolation, which may lay a foundation of treating IDDM with encapsulated porcine islets grafting.
800 MHz s.a.w. timing filter for optical fibre transmission system (1980)

An 800 MHz s.a.w. timing filter has been developed for optical-fibre transmission systems. The centre frequency was 800.704 MHz, loaded Q was more than 700 and the insertion loss was less than 15 dB.