gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies To Prepare and Use Functionalized Organometallic Reagents (2014)

Polyfunctional zinc and magnesium organometallic reagents occupy a central position in organic synthesis. Most organic functional groups are tolerated by zinc organometallic reagents, and Csp(2)-centered magnesium organometallic reagents are compatible with important functional groups, such as the ester, aryl ketone, nitro, cyano, and amide functions. This excellent chemoselectivity gives zinc- and magnesium-organometallic reagents a central position in modern organic synthesis. Efficient and general preparations of these organometallic reagents, as well as their most practical and useful reactions, are presented in this Perspective. As starting materials, a broad range of organic halides (iodides, bromides, and also to some extent chlorides) can be used for the direct insertion of magnesium or zinc powder; the presence of LiCl very efficiently promotes such insertions. Alternatively, aromatic or heterocyclic bromides also undergo a smooth bromine-magnesium exchange when treated with i-PrMgCl·LiCl. Alternative precursors of zinc and magnesium reagents are polyfunctionalized aryl and heteroaryl molecules, which undergo directed metalations with sterically hindered TMP bases (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperide) of magnesium and zinc. This powerful C-H functionalization method gives access to polyfunctional heterocyclic zinc and magnesium reagents, which undergo efficient reactions with numerous electrophiles. The compatibility of the strong TMP-bases with BF3·OEt2 (formation of frustrated Lewis pairs) dramatically increases the scope of these metalations, giving for example, a practical access to magnesiated pyridines and pyrazines, which can be used as convenient building blocks for the preparation of biologically active molecules.
REVIEWS (1992)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Revelation and Redemption at Colossae. By THOMAS J. SAPPINGTON. Pp. 266. (Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series, 53.) Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991ISBN 1 85075 307 5, £30/$52.50. JOHN M. COURT JOHN M. COURT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 43, Issue 1, April 1992, Pages 206–207, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/43.1.206 Published: 01 April 1992
Identification and functional analysis of Ly-6A/E as a thymic and bone marrow stromal antigen (1996)

We recently described an mAb (MTS23) reactive with a membrane Ag expressed on a subset of thymic medullary stromal cells. This Ag is also constitutively expressed at high levels on peripheral B cells, macrophages, and thymic and splenic dendritic cells of C57BL/6 mice. A number of stromal cell lines derived from thymus and bone marrow also stain with MTS23, but thymocytes and peripheral T cells only weakly express the Ag detected by MTS23. Here we show that the molecule detected by MTS23 is a member of the Ly-6 family of phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins. Treatment of stromal cells with phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C before staining completely abolished expression. Using transient expression of 293T cells and a cDNA library of a stromal cell line cloned into the pEF-BOS vector, a cDNA encoding the MTS23-target Ag was isolated. Partial sequencing and restriction enzyme mapping revealed that it represents the Ly-6A/E protein. While the physiologic significance of the presence of Ly-6 molecules on stromal cells is not clear, it has been known for some time that, at least in lymphocytes, cellular activation events can be induced upon Ly-6 engagement. We now demonstrate that Ly-6 also functions as a signal transduction molecule on stromal cells, in that granulocyte-macrophage CSF can be produced by a variety of stromal cell lines upon mAb-mediated cross-linking of Ly-6. Together with the dramatic up-regulation of Ly-6 expression on stromal cells upon IFN-gamma treatment, this is the first indication of a biologic function of an Ly-6 gene product on nonhemopoietic cells. The results suggest that Ly-6 may play a role in the cross-talk between lymphocyte precursors and stromal cells.
Deniable ring authenticated private key establishment (2008)

In this paper, we extend the work by M. Naor [7] on deniable ring authentication to include key establishment. Two secure deniable private key establishment protocols will be proposed. These two related schemes create only a secure private channel between Alice and Bob where the identity of Bob remains completely hidden. The first scheme does not require Alice to been within the user set S and in fact does not even require Alice to have a public-private key pair. The second scheme requires that Alice choose a user set S such that she is also within set S. This scheme also indirectly requires that Alice have a public-private key pair. Similar to the deniable ring authentication protocol by Naor, the protocols proposed here only assumes the existence of strong public key encryption schemes where all members have already established public and private keys. Finally, the problem of ciphertext search and ciphertext ambiguity will also be examined and a solution will be proposed.
Thermodynamics of Nucleic Acid “Shape Readout” by an Aminosugar (2011)

Recognition of nucleic acids is important for our understanding of nucleic acid structure as well as for our understanding of nucleic acid-protein interactions. In addition to the direct readout mechanisms of nucleic acids such as H-bonding, shape recognition of nucleic acids is being increasingly recognized as playing an equally important role in DNA recognition. Competition dialysis, UV, flourescent intercalator displacement (FID), computational docking, and calorimetry studies were conducted to study the interaction of neomycin with a variety of nucleic acid conformations (shapes). At pH 5.5, the results suggest the following. (1) Neomycin binds three RNA structures [16S A site rRNA, poly(rA)·poly(rA), and poly(rA)·poly(rU)] with high affinities (K(a) ~ 10(7) M(-1)). (2) The binding of neomycin to A-form GC-rich oligomer d(A(2)G(15)C(15)T(2))(2) has an affinity comparable to those of RNA structures. (3) The binding of neomycin to DNA·RNA hybrids shows a 3-fold variance that can be attributed to their structural differences [for poly(dA)·poly(rU), K(a) = 9.4 × 10(6) M(-1), and for poly(rA)·poly(dT), K(a) = 3.1 × 10(6) M(-1)]. (4) The interaction of neomycin with DNA triplex poly(dA)·2poly(dT) yields a binding affinity (K(a)) of 2.4 × 10(5) M(-1). (5) Poly(dA-dT)(2) shows the lowest association constant for all nucleic acids studied (K(a) < 10(5)). (6) Neomycin binds to G-quadruplexes with K(a) values of ~10(4)-10(5) M(-1). (7) Computational studies show that the decrease in major groove width in the B to A transition correlates with increasing neomycin affinity. Neomycin's affinity for various nucleic acid structures can be ranked as follows: RNAs and GC-rich d(A(2)G(15)C(15)T(2))(2) structures > poly(dA)·poly(rU) > poly(rA)·poly(dT) > T·A-T triplex, G-quadruplex, B-form AT-rich, or GC-rich DNA sequences. The results illustrate the first example of a small molecule-based "shape readout" of different nucleic acid conformations.
Native Electron Capture Dissociation for the Structural Characterization of Noncovalent Interactions in Native Cytochrome <i>c</i> (2003)

Selectively cleaved: Under appropriate experimental conditions, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry produces fragment ions that directly indicate noncovalent protein–heme interaction sites in native Cytochrome c (see picture). The proposed mechanism involves asymmetric charge partitioning in gaseous protein dimer ions, which causes electron transfer and subsequent backbone-cleavage.
Prolonged duck hepatitis B virus replication in duck hepatocytes cocultivated with rat epithelial cells: A useful system for antiviral testing (1989)

Duck cultured hepatocytes from Pekin ducks naturally infected by duck hepatitis B virus can remain functional twice longer if a coculture system with rat liver epithelial cells is used instead of ordinary primary culture. The use of a selective medium in which ornithine and lactate replaced arginine and glucose, respectively, allowed viral replication initiated in vivo to be maintained in the coculture for 2 months. Several antiviral compounds including the pyrophosphate analog (phosphonoformic acid) or nucleoside analogs (9 beta-arabinofuranosyl AMP, 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine, 1,2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil and 1,2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl thymine) were studied in both culture systems for their ability to inhibit duck hepatitis B virus replication. Hepatocytes were treated for 7 days with 1,2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil (10 microM) and 1,2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl thymine (0.5 microM) or for 14 days with 9 beta-arabinofuranosyl AMP (90 microM), phosphonoformic acid (100 microM) and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (6 microM). The effects of the drugs on viral replication were monitored by testing for duck hepatitis B virus DNA in the culture supernatant and in the cells by molecular hybridization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reliability and validity of a self‐efficacy instrument for hepatitis C antiviral treatment regimens (2011)

Self-efficacy or confidence in one's ability to successfully engage in goal-directed behaviour has been shown to influence medication adherence across many chronic illnesses. In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of a self-efficacy instrument used during treatment for chronic hepatitis C viral infection (HCV). Baseline (n = 394) and treatment week 24 (n = 254) data from the prospective, longitudinal Viral Resistance to Antiviral Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C study were examined. Baseline participants were randomly split into two equal-sized subsamples (S(1) and S(2) ). Initial exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA) were performed on S(1), while S(2) was used to validate the factor structure of the S(1) results using CFA. An additional CFA was performed on the treatment week 24 participants. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by comparing the revised instrument with other psychosocial measures: depression, social support, quality of life and medication-taking behaviour. Our findings supported a reduced 17-item global measure of HCV treatment self-efficacy (HCV-TSE) with four underlying factors: patient communication self-efficacy, general physical coping self-efficacy, general psychological coping self-efficacy and adherence self-efficacy. The global score (0.92-0.94) and four factors (0.85-0.96) demonstrated good internal consistency. Correlations of convergent and discriminant validity yielded low to moderate associations with other measures of psychosocial functioning. The revised HCV-TSE instrument provides a reliable and valid global estimate of confidence in one's ability to engage in and adhere to HCV antiviral treatment. The four-factor structure suggests different types of efficacy beliefs may function during HCV treatment and should be explored further in relation to clinical outcomes.
Reducing control bit overhead for X-masking/X-canceling hybrid architecture via pattern partitioning (2016)

An X-masking scheme prevents unknown (X) values from shifting into an output response compactor, whereas an X-canceling MISR methodology allows X's to enter the compactor, but then cancels them out through selective XORing. However, both approaches require significantly high volume of the control bits to remove X values to generate X-free output signatures. This paper proposes a method to reduce the control bit overhead by combining X-masking and X-canceling methodologies and exploiting the fact that unknown values tend to have high correlation in the scan cells. In this paper, correlation is considered across whole patterns in order to enhance reuse of control bits. The proposed hybrid method of X-canceling and X-masking reduces test time without losing fault coverage. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly reduces control bits and test time compared to a conventional X-canceling MISR methodology.
Ultrastructural localization by monoclonal antibodies of brush border antigens expressed by glomeruli. I. Renal distribution. (1986)

An immunoultrastructural study has been undertaken for analysis of the extrarenal localization of two brush border (BB) glycoproteins of 90 kd and 330 kd expressed by glomeruli. In previous studies on renal tissue, it has been shown that gp 330 is restricted to coated pits and BB intermicrovillar invaginations, whereas gp 90 is diffusely distributed on epithelial cell membranes and in addition expressed on glomerular endothelial cells. At variance from observations made in the kidney, gp 330 and gp 90 are mainly expressed on different epithelial cell types: gp 330 is found on the coated pits of the epithelium lining the epididymis and on the entire surface of the microvilli of Type II pneumocytes, whereas gp 90 is detected on the gut brush border and the biliary pole of hepatocytes; gp 90 is also found on endothelia lining all distal capillary beds studied in heart, lung, liver, and spleen. These observations thus indicate that gp 90 is expressed by a wide variety of cell types, all associated with high membrane turnover. Conversely, gp 330 has a restricted distribution at the organ, cellular and subcellular level and may be related with a defined system of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
A New Network Technology——Active Network (2000)

Active network is a research forward position project on network in the world.Specially,it has fund by DARPA since 1997.Active network is a programmable network.The user can insert customized programs into active nodes(the router or switch),the programs will be run in the nodes.This paper discusses the development,architecture,researching realizing method of active network,and analyses the current researching situation of active network..
Bronchiectasis (2006)

Bronchiectasis is generally classified into cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. This review article describes non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults. Bronchiectasis can be considered a heterogeneous condition characterized by irreversible airway dilatation with chronic bronchial infection/inflammation. It remains a common condition and is a major cause of respiratory morbidity. Many factors are associated with bronchiectasis, but most commonly patients will have idiopathic disease. Important clinical findings include chronic productive cough, rhinosinusitis, fatigue and bi-basal crackles. Patients have usually had symptoms for many years. Diagnosis is confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography scanning using standardized criteria. Spirometry shows moderate airflow obstruction and there is a high prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity. The most common pathogens are non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There may be considerable overlap with other chronic airway diseases. Treatment regimens are still not well defined. Patients tend to have ongoing symptoms and decline in respiratory function despite treatment.
Design of microchannel heat sink using topology optimization for high power modules cooling (2017)

With the trend of higher power density, miniaturization as well as higher operating temperature requirement, heat transfer problem has been one of the crucial issues. Microchannel heat sink shows a great potential regarding to the excellent heat dissipation capacity. This paper aims to design microchannel heat sink for high power modules cooling based on topology optimization method to obtain better cooling performance which is more compact with less mass, less frictional losses and increased thermal efficiency. To reduce the number of degrees of freedom, only the temperature magnitude and uniformity are focused. Commercial finite element software COMSOL combined with secondary development by MATLAB is used in the topology optimization analysis for 2D model of heat sink. Heat flux density 300 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is loaded on the whole plate sized 50*50 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> uniformly. Density approach is imported to describe the volume force term of fluid and solid. Minimize pressure drop combined with maximize heat dissipation is set as the objective functional for the optimization. Finite element model based on topology optimization method is established and analyzed. It could be found that the microchannel heat sink was effective to cool down the temperature under 125 °C, and through topology optimization method the maximum temperature could be reduced to 106 °C, and the temperature difference of the whole plate is 14.4 °C, which satisfied the multi-physics and multiple optimization objectives requirements. Besides, the calculation results also showed that the weighting factor ratio of pressure drop to heat dissipation could influence the topology structure and heat dissipation ability of heat sink.
Variable data rate Viterbi decoder with modified LOVA algorithm (2002)

This paper describes the implementation of a Viterbi decoder with a modified list-of-two List Output Viterbi Algorithm (LOVA) which is used to decode variable data rate frames in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile stations. It performs the decoding of convolutional code k=9, rate=1/2 for fall, half, quarter, and eighth data rate frames. This Viterbi decoder is a part of a CDMA base-band processor used in an IS-95 cellular and Personal Communication System (PCS) mobile terminal.
Guaranteeing synchronous messages with arbitrary deadline constraints in an FDDI network (2002)

Issues related to guaranteeing synchronous messages with arbitrary deadline constraints in a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) network are addressed. It is shown that several network parameters must be set carefully if message deadlines are to be satisfied. Message deadlines can only be met if sufficient synchronous bandwidth is allocated to each mode. Thus, proper synchronous bandwidth allocation is essential if deadlines are to be guaranteed. The target token rotation time (TTRT) determines both the speed of token circulation and the network utilization available to user applications. TTRT should also be chosen carefully to ensure that the token circulates fast enough while maintaining a high available utilization. Sufficient buffer space must be provided for outgoing messages, otherwise messages could be lost due to buffer overflow. An integrated method for allocating the synchronous bandwidth and selecting TTRT so that the time constraints of synchronous messages with arbitrary deadlines are guaranteed to be met is proposed and analyzed.
Suppression of the Forward Degradation in 4H-SiC PiN Diodes by Employing a Recombination-Enhanced Buffer Layer (2017)

Application of highly N-doped buffer layers or a (N+B)-doped buffer layer to PiN diodes to suppress the expansion of Shockley stacking faults (SSFs) from the epilayer/substrate interface was studied. These buffer layers showed very short minority carrier lifetimes of 30–200 ns at 250°C. The PiN diodes were fabricated with buffer layers of various thicknesses and were then tested under high current injection conditions of 600A/cm 2 . The thicker buffer layers with shorter minority carrier lifetimes demonstrated the suppression of SSFs expansion and thus that of diode degradation.
A study of motion artifacts of fourier-based image construction (2006)

Based on the high frame rate imaging method developed in our lab, a Fourier-based imaging method with a variable frame rate was developed recently. In this method, multiple steered plane waves or limited diffraction beams are transmitted to obtain ultrasound echo signals. Images are constructed with Fourier transformations. Because multiple transmissions may be used to obtain a frame of image to increase image resolution, field of view, and to reduce sidelobe, it is important to study the effects of motion on the method for fast moving objects such as the mitral valve of the heart, and compare the results with those obtained with the conventional delay-and- sum method. In this paper, in vitro experiments with a point scatterer and a tissue-mimicking phantom are performed. Image resolution, sidelobe, and contrast are obtained for both moving and stationary objects. Results show that the Fourier-based imaging method is not sensitive to the motion except when the number of transmissions is large (lower frame rate) and the depth is small.
Sensor-Driven Online Coverage Planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (2012)

At present, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) mine countermeasure (MCM) surveys are normally preplanned by operators using ladder or zig-zag paths. Such surveys are conducted with side-looking sonar sensors whose performance is dependent on environmental, target, sensor, and AUV platform parameters. It is difficult to obtain precise knowledge of all of these parameters to be able to design optimal mission plans offline. This research represents the first known sensor driven online approach to seabed coverage for MCM. A method is presented where paths are planned using a multiobjective optimization. Information theory is combined with a new concept coined branch entropy based on a hexagonal cell decomposition. The result is a planning algorithm that not only produces shorter paths than conventional means, but is also capable of accounting for environmental factors detected in situ. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations and in water trials conducted on the IVER2 AUV show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling of Frequency-Dependent Viscoelastic Materials for Active-Passive Vibration Damping (1999)

This work intends to compare two viscoelastic models, namely ADF and GHM, which account for frequency dependence and allow frequency and time-domain analysis of hybrid active-passive damping treatments, made of viscoelastic layers constrained with piezoelectric actuators. A modal strain energy (MSE) based iterative model is also considered for comparison. As both ADF and GHM models increase the size of the system, through additional dissipative coordinates, and to enhance the control feasibility, a modal reduction technique is presented for the first time for the ADF model and then applied to GHM and MSE ones for comparison. The resulting reduced systems are then used to analyze the performance of a segmented hybrid damped cantilever beam under parameters variations, using a constrained input optimal control algorithm. The open loop modal damping factors for all models match well. However, due to differences between the modal basis used for each model, the closed loop ones were found to be different. [S0739-3717(00)01102-8]
Miniature penning cell array for on-chip vacuum pumping (2011)

This paper presents a miniaturized Penning cell array for on-chip sputter-ion vacuum pumping. The effects of miniaturization on pumping performance - including cut-off magnetic flux, pumping rate, and minimum operating pressure - are examined. The pump is experimentally shown to reduce pressure by 600 mTorr (80 Pa) from a starting pressure of 18 Torr (2.4 kPa) in 30 minutes of operation. The rate of molecular removal is typically 3-15 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> molecules per second. The architecture allows device operation at pressures at least as low as 70 mTorr (9.3 Pa), representing an improvement of two orders of magnitude over previously reported micro-sputter-ion pumps.