gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-range 7-switch Flying Capacitor Based DC-DC Converter for Point-of-load Applications (2015)

In this thesis a dc-dc converter referred to as the 7-switch flying capacitor (7SFC) based multi-level buck converter intended for point-of-load applications is presented. The 7SFC operates with the principle of “transformability” which allows it to run in several switching modes when paired with a digital controller. The mode is selected based on input and output conditions by estimating the highest efficiency mode. The 7SFC converter utilizes a flying capacitor, which for certain modes allows for a large reduction in switching losses, especially when the converter is operated with high-input voltages. Compared to the conventional 2-phase interleaved buck converter, the 7SFC is able to reduce the size of the output inductors and capacitor by 33%. The 7SFC discrete prototype is able to achieve efficiencies greater than 90% over the majority of the operating range.
Preventive effects of various ginseng saponins on the developmentof copulatory disorder induced by prolonged individual housing inmale mice (1998)

Recently, we found that virtually all male mice failed to display copulatory behavior following prolonged individual housing. The present study was conducted to investigate whether or not ginseng saponin components prevent the development of this copulatory disorder. ICR male mice were housed individually for 5 weeks after weaning, followed by a 10-min encounter with an estrous female mouse. The following constituents of red ginseng powder were administered intraperitoneally once per day throughout the individual housing period: crude ginseng saponins and pure ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, and Ro. Three elements of copulatory behavior (mounting, intromission and penis licking) were determined. Following prolonged individual housing only one mouse in the vehicle-treated group displayed mounting. Chronic treatment with crude ginseng saponins (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly lessened the severity of copulatory disorder in a dose-dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rg1 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) also resulted in a significantly higher incidence of copulatory behavior as compared to the individually housed vehicle-treated group, whereas ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2 and Ro were ineffective. This evidence indicates that ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the ingredients of red ginseng root that acts on male copulatory behavior.
Porous Graphitic Carbon as a Stationary Phase in HPLC: Theory and Applications (2008)

Abstract This paper gives an overview of the properties and behaviour of porous graphitic carbon (PGC) as a stationary phase in HPLC. Key applications areas that illustrate the capabilities of this chromatographic material to solve problem separations are reviewed. The retention mechanisms on this stationary phase for hydrophobic and polar solutes are described. PGCs' physical and chemical properties and the development of this unique chromatographic material are discussed. Over 140 references of applications of PGC in pharmaceutical, environmental, food safety, natural products, biochemical, clinical, and chemical warfare analysis are reviewed covering a range of solute properties.
Test and evaluation of load converter topologies used in the Space Station Freedom power management and distribution dc test bed (1991)

Power components hardware in support of the Space Station Freedom dc Electrical Power System were tested. One type of breadboard hardware tested is the dc Load Converter Unit, which constitutes the power interface between the electric power system and the actual load. These units are dc to dc converters that provide the final system regulation before power is delivered to the load. Three load converters were tested: a series resonant converter, a series inductor switchmode converter, and a switching full-bridge forward converter. The topology, operation principles, and tests results are described, in general. A comparative analysis of the three units is given with respect to efficiency, regulation, short circuit behavior (protection), and transient characteristics.
Computational science and the future of computing research (1995)

Computer science is at heart an applied field. In the current US economic and political climate, where projects not applicable to "strategic" research are less likely to be funded, computational science and engineering applications will become a driving force behind all aspects of computing research. The paper discusses this shift towards the funding of strategic research.
Peer-to-Peer Based Mobile Video On-Demand with Layered Video Distribution (2007)

Peer-to-peer mobile video on-demand (P2MV0D) in the paper by Sato et al. (2006) showed one idea for the decentralized multimedia data distribution on the mobile environment. It allows a moving client to receive streaming data on demand from not only server but other moving clients in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner, where video contents are divided into the same sized segment and aggregately sent and shared with as many receiving clients as possible. In this paper we discuss deploying P2MV0D under more real mobile environment, which has several delivery domains that have different amount of requests and several types of users that receive a video stream with different bandwidth. We employ the layered video cording and transmission schemes (Deering, 1993; McCanne et al., 1996; Li et al., 1998; Cheung and Zakhor, 1995) for P2MV0D to efficiently provide its service under such environment. The segment is further divided into smaller sized unit referred to as 'slice' and slicing and segmentation are carried out across the layered video streams. Mathematical analysis reveals this strategy reduces the traffic much better than simple use of P2MVOD
Association of the β isoform of protein kinase C with vimentin filaments (1992)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are key mediators in hormone, growth factor, and neurotransmitter triggered pathways of cell activation (Nishizuka: Science 233:305-312, 1986; Nature 334:661-665, 1988). Stimulation of kinase activity by diacylglycerol and calcium often leads to translocation of PKC from the cytosol to a particulate fraction (Kraft and Anderson: Nature 301:621-623, 1983). The beta isoform of PKC is translocated and degraded much more rapidly than the alpha isoform in phorbolester-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells (Huang et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 264:4238-4243, 1989). We report here immunofluorescence evidence that the distributions of PKC alpha and beta are strikingly different in antigen-activated RBL cells. PKC beta associates with perinuclear filaments and filaments that extend from the perinuclear area to the cell periphery whereas PKC alpha concentrates in regions of the cell periphery. This distribution of PKC beta is distinctly different from that of actin filaments and microtubules as determined by phalloidin staining and by anti-tubulin antibody labeling. In contrast, the staining patterns obtained with antibodies to PKC beta and to the intermediate filament protein vimentin are almost identical, indicating that PKC beta associates with vimentin filaments. These bundles of 100 A filaments may provide docking sites for interactions of PKC beta with its substrates and thus confer specificity to the actions of this isoform.
A Role for the Intestinal Microbiota and Virome in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)? (2016)

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder of significant societal impact that is proposed to involve both host and environmentally derived aetiologies that may be autoimmune in nature. Immune-related symptoms of at least moderate severity persisting for prolonged periods of time are common in ME/CFS patients and B cell depletion therapy is of significant therapeutic benefit. The origin of these symptoms and whether it is infectious or inflammatory in nature is not clear, with seeking evidence of acute or chronic virus infections contributing to the induction of autoimmune processes in ME/CFS being an area of recent interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence supporting an infectious aetiology for ME/CFS leading us to propose the novel concept that the intestinal microbiota and in particular members of the virome are a source of the "infectious" trigger of the disease. Such an approach has the potential to identify disease biomarkers and influence therapeutics, providing much-needed approaches in preventing and managing a disease desperately in need of confronting.
An Investigation of the Photographic Effect of Recoil Atoms (1914)

The ionising, phosphorescent and photographic effects of the α-particles from a radio-active substance entirely cease when the particle still retains about 40 per cent. of its kinetic energy. It appears possible, therefore, that the recoil atoms from a radioactive source should be able to affect a photographic plate, for though the range of a recoil atom is only about 1/500th of that of the α-particle shot off from it, the ionising effect has been shown by Wertenstein and one of the authors to be 10 times as powerful over the corresponding range as that of the α-particle. Attempts have, therefore, been made to demonstrate this action in the case of the recoil atom from polonium, this substance being chosen on account of the inactive nature of the recoiling atom. Two distinct methods were employed: (1) The recoil atom was absorbed; (2) the difference of deflection of the α-particle and the recoil atom in a strong magnetic field was utilised in order to attempt to separate their effects. Schumann plates were used as being most easily penetrable, but in all cases the results were negative or inconclusive. This is probably due to the fact that the recoil atoms are not able to penetrate sufficiently deeply into the sensitive layer to render the grains developable.
Redetermination of the Dielectric Function of Graphite (1975)

Abstract The dielectric functions ϵ | arid ϵ ⟂ of graphite were redetermined by electron energy loss spectroscopy. At 11 eV a strong maximum in Im (ϵ | )is obtained, which is in accordance with earlier electron energy loss experiments, but in disagreement with recent reflectance measurements. A detailed discussion of uncertainties in the energy loss function Im(‐ 1/ϵ | ) and in the Kramers‐Kronig analysisconfirms, that the 11 eV‐maximum of Im (ϵ | ) is established beyond experimental error. Our ϵ | data are in agreement with earlier electron energy loss and optical results.
MRI artifact cancellation due to rigid motion in the imaging plane (1996)

A post-processing technique has been developed to suppress the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifact arising from object planar rigid motion. In two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-DFT) MRI, rotational and translational motions of the target during magnetic resonance magnetic resonance (MR) scan respectively impose nonuniform sampling and a phase error an the collected MRI signal. The artifact correction method introduced considers the following three conditions: (1) for planar rigid motion with known parameters, a reconstruction algorithm based on bilinear interpolation and the super-position method is employed to remove the MRI artifact, (2) for planar rigid motion with known rotation angle and unknown translational motion (including an unknown rotation center), first, a super-position bilinear interpolation algorithm is used to eliminate artifact due to rotation about the center of the imaging plane, following which a phase correction algorithm is applied to reduce the remaining phase error of the MRI signal, and (3) to estimate unknown parameters of a rigid motion, a minimum energy method is proposed which utilizes the fact that planar rigid motion increases the measured energy of an ideal MR image outside the boundary of the imaging object; by using this property all unknown parameters of a typical rigid motion are accurately estimated in the presence of noise. To confirm the feasibility of employing the proposed method in a clinical setting, the technique was used to reduce unknown rigid motion artifact arising from the head movements of two volunteers.
Heavier Alkaline‐Earth Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Alcohols for the Synthesis of Metallo‐Polysilylethers (2020)

The dehydrocoupling of silanes and alcohols mediated by heavier alkaline-earth catalysts, [Ae{N(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> }<sub>2</sub> ⋅(THF)<sub>2</sub> ] (I-III) and [Ae{CH(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> }<sub>2</sub> ⋅(THF)<sub>2</sub> ], (IV-VI) (Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) is described. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols were coupled to phenylsilane or diphenylsilane, whereas tertiary silanes are less tolerant towards bulky substrates. Some control over reaction selectivity towards mono-, di-, or tri-substituted silylether products was achieved through alteration of reaction stoichiometry, conditions, and catalyst. The ferrocenyl silylether, FeCp(C<sub>5</sub> H<sub>4</sub> SiPh(OBn)<sub>2</sub> ) (2), was prepared and fully characterized from the ferrocenylsilane, FeCp(C<sub>5</sub> H<sub>4</sub> SiPhH<sub>2</sub> ) (1), and benzyl alcohol using barium catalysis. Stoichiometric experiments suggested a reaction manifold involving the formation of Ae-alkoxide and hydride species, and a series of dimeric Ae-alkoxides [(Ph<sub>3</sub> CO)Ae(μ<sub>2</sub> -OCPh<sub>3</sub> )Ae(THF)] (3 a-c, Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) were isolated and fully characterized. Mechanistic experiments suggested a complex reaction mechanism involving dimeric or polynuclear active species, whose kinetics are highly dependent on variables such as the identity and concentration of the precatalyst, silane, and alcohol. Turnover frequencies increase on descending Group 2 of the periodic table, with the barium precatalyst III displaying an apparent first-order dependence in both silane and alcohol, and an optimum catalyst loading of 3 mol % Ba, above which activity decreases. With precatalyst III in THF, ferrocene-containing poly- and oligosilylethers with ferrocene pendent to- (P1-P4) or as a constituent (P5, P6) of the main polymer chain were prepared from 1 or Fe(C<sub>5</sub> H<sub>4</sub> SiPhH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> (4) with diols 1,4-(HOCH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> -(C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> ) and 1,4-(CH(CH<sub>3</sub> )OH)<sub>2</sub> -(C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> ), respectively. The resultant materials were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, with estimated molecular weights in excess of 20,000 Da for P1 and P4. The iron centers display reversible redox behavior and thermal analysis showed P1 and P5 to be promising precursors to magnetic ceramic materials.
About the presence of interstitial cells of Cajal outside the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract (2005)

Santiago Ramon y Cajal observed a special cell type that appeared to function as endstructures of the intrinsic nervous system in several organs. These cells were structurally and functionally further characterized in the gut musculature and named interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). In recent years, interstitial cells have been identified in the vasculature, urinary tract, glands and other organs. Their morphologies and functions are just beginning to be clarified. It is likely that amongst them, subtypes will be discovered that warrant the classification of interstitial cells of Cajal. This "point of view" continues the discussion on the criteria that should be used to identify ICC outside the musculature of the gut.
[Pain in the newborn: a challenge for nursing practice]. (2013)

Literature review with the objective of searching nurses' articles concerning non-pharmacological strategies for pain relief in Newborns. Being a pain relief a right of Newborn and nurses' responsibility, it's necessary to know how to do it, like the following forms: non-nutritive sucking as administration of glucose, massages, the reduction of stimuli, among others. The research was done in January of 2013 with the following keywords: "pain", "newborn", "non-pharmacological strategies", "nursing". All of the selected studies are unanimous in affirming the efficacy of glucose in pain control. We suggest the development of protocols to assist in the decision of the pain's process of the newborn.
Analysis of visual-based micromanipulation for patch clamp recording (2014)

Recent advances in patch clamp system have demonstrated that a visual-based micromanipulation strategy can benefit to perform electrophysiological recording automatically. In this paper, the design and implementation of a micromanipulation system with the visual-based identification are reported. The system is able to manipulate a patch clamp pipette to the position of target cells automatically. The calibration and alignment method based on the coordinate frames of the camera and micromanipulator are introduced. Some parameters such as angle of rotation matrix and displacement errors are analyzed.
Analysis and evaluation of interleaved class D-E resonant converter (2011)

In this paper an interleaved Class D-E resonant converter is proposed. Analysis, design, and evaluation of the proposed converter are presented. The interleaving approach utilizes two half-bridges to dislocate two resonant tanks in the Class D inverters, which results in a single control unit and a 180 degree phase-shift switching angle designs in the proposed topology. While the analog control method is adopted to regulate the converter, the digital control is applied as well to evaluate converter efficiency. The ring oscillation phenomenon that usually appears in the Class E rectifier is eliminated for energy conservation. As a result, the output ripple voltage and current of the interleaved converter are improved by at least 50%, as compared to that of the non-interleaved counterpart. In addition, the interleaved converter gains 6% more efficiency over that of the non-interleaved counterpart. The maximum efficiency of the analog interleaved converter occurs at full load with value up to 92.2%. The results of analysis and design are verified experimentally on three 180W/19V interleaved and non-interleaved converters.
KerNeeS: A protocol for mutual authentication between NFC phones and POS terminals for secure payment transactions (2012)

The aim of this paper is to propose a solution for a potential vulnerability in mobile proximity payment. The mobile proximity payment is the evolution of the card payment whose reference standard is EMV (Europay, MasterCard and VISA). A mobile proximity payment transaction is performed via radio waves so there is the possibility to intercept the communication with the point-of-sale and also to activate the payer device, in a range of 10 cm. The EMV protocol assumes that within a range of 10 cm card fraud is hard to perform, moreover IC card capable point of sale are considered safe a priori, while the card must authenticate itself. This allows a leak of card information. In this paper we describe a possible solution to this problem, adding a safe level to the EMV protocol in the case of mobile proximity payment transactions. Our solution is a Needham-Schroeder based protocol, that guarantees authentication and confidentiality between the entities involved in the payment.
Self-Assembly of Graphene Oxide with a Silyl-Appended Spiropyran Dye for Rapid and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Fluoride Ions (2013)

Fluoride ion (F(-)), the smallest anion, exhibits considerable significance in a wide range of environmental and biochemical processes. To address the two fundamental and unsolved issues of current F(-) sensors based on the specific chemical reaction (i.e., the long response time and low sensitivity) and as a part of our ongoing interest in the spiropyran sensor design, we reported here a new F(-) sensing approach that, via assembly of a F(-)-specific silyl-appended spiropyran dye with graphene oxide (GO), allows rapid and sensitive detection of F(-) in aqueous solution. 6-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro [chromene- 2,2'-indoline] (SPS), a spiropyran-based silylated dye with a unique reaction activity for F(-), was designed and synthesized. The nucleophilic substitution reaction between SPS and F(-) triggers cleavage of the Si-O bond to promote the closed spiropyran to convert to its opened merocyanine form, leading to the color changing from colorless to orange-yellow with good selectivity over other anions. With the aid of GO, the response time of SPS for F(-) was shortened from 180 to 30 min, and the detection limit was lowered more than 1 order of magnitude compared to the free SPS. Furthermore, due to the protective effect of nanomaterials, the SPS/GO nanocomposite can function in a complex biological environment. The SPS/GO nanocomposite was characterized by XPS and AFM, etc., and the mechanism for sensing F(-) was studied by (1)H NMR and ESI-MS. Finally, this SPS/GO nanocomposite was successfully applied to monitoring F(-) in the serum.
Expression Profiling of Huntington's Disease Models Suggests That Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Depletion Plays a Major Role in Striatal Degeneration (2007)

Many pathways have been proposed as contributing to Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis, but generally the in vivo effects of their perturbation have not been compared with reference data from human patients. Here we examine how accurately mechanistically motivated and genetic HD models recapitulate the striatal gene expression phenotype of human HD. The representative genetic model was the R6/2 transgenic mouse, which expresses a fragment of the huntingtin protein containing a long CAG repeat. Pathogenic mechanisms examined include mitochondrial dysfunction; profiled in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated rats, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice, and PGC-1alpha knock-out mice; and depletion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using heterozygous and forebrain-specific BDNF-knock-out mice (BDNF(HET), Emx-BDNF(KO)). Based on striatal gene expression, we find the BDNF models, both heterozygous and homozygous knock-outs, to be more like human HD than the other HD models. This implicates reduced trophic support as a major pathway contributing to striatal degeneration in HD. Because the majority of striatal BDNF is synthesized by cortical neurons, the data also imply that cortical dysfunction contributes to HD's hallmark effects on the basal ganglia. Finally, the results suggest that striatal lesions caused by mitochondrial toxins may arise via pathways different from those that drive neurodegeneration in HD. Based on these findings, we present a testable model of HD pathogenesis that, unlike most models, begins to account for regional specificity in human HD and the absence of such specificity in genetic mouse models of HD.
A CMOS floating-gate matrix transform imager (2005)

A new transform imager technology and architecture is introduced in this paper. This approach allows for retina and higher-level bio-inspired computation in a programmable architecture that still possesses similar high-fill factor pixels of APS imagers. This imager is capable of programmable matrix operations on the image, where the image can be presented as either a full matrix or using block matrix operations. Each pixel is composed of a photodiode sensor element and a multiplier. The core imager performs computation at the pixel plane but still holds to a fill factor greater than 46 %. The resulting data-flow architecture directly allows computation of spatial transforms, motion computations, and stereo computations.
Species-level classification of the vaginal microbiome (2012)

This database and method provide accurate species-level classifications of metagenomic 16S rDNA sequence reads that will be useful for analysis and comparison of microbiome profiles from vaginal samples. STIRRUPS can be used to classify 16S rDNA sequence reads from other ecological niches if an appropriate reference database of 16S rDNA sequences is available.