gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of interfacial tension by automated video techniques (1991)

This report describes a simple automated system for measuring interfacial tension using the pendant or sessile drop method. The size and shape of a transparent or opaque drop of one fluid immersed in a second, transparent, fluid is recorded with a CCD video camera and digitized and stored by a computer-controlled system. Custom software determines various droplet shape factors and computes the interfacial tension. A limited number of video frames can be stored on disc, or longer runs can be stored on video tape for later digitization. Alternately, only the shape factor and interfacial tension data are stored to reduce demands on the storage medium. The first application of the system was measurement of the interfacial tension of crude oil interacting with various bacterial agents in aqueous suspension. Some of these agents can greatly influence the effective interfacial tension of the crude oil and potentially improve recovery rates from oil reserves, particularly of the "heavier" or more viscous oils.
Curcumin: From Chemistry to Chemistry-Based Functions (2013)

Curcumin is a yellow pigment found in the spice turmeric and a main functional constituent of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. The multi-functionality of curcumin has recently attracted much attention in various fields, including food, medicinal, and clinical industries. Three major curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin, are distributed in not only Curcuma, but also the Zingiber species; however, distribution of other curcuminoids is very limited in nature. The radical scavenging ability of curcumin, which is the basis of medicinal functionality, is its most important property. Herein, the structures of several rare curcuminoids that have been identified during the past four decades are summarized. Mechanistic studies of the radical trapping stage of curcumin are also comprehensively reviewed, and the studies on antioxidant effects derived from this radical trapping ability of curcuminoids are discussed. Various chemical reactions of curcumin, such as photo-oxidation, enzymatic oxidation, etc. are also summarized. In particular, antioxidation of curcumin in lipid media is introduced as a reaction unique to curcumin.
Treating severe speech and limb apraxia in a case of aphasia (1986)

Abstract An ABABA single‐case programme was devised to establish selected hand signs in a severely aphasic‐limb‐apraxic patient of 20 months post‐onset. Although no change was observed on clinical tests of aphasia and limb apraxia, objective repeated measures showed that the programme was successful in teaching a range of pantomimes and gestures and in improving facilitation of single‐word and gestural responses. The implications of the results are discussed.
Reduced Protein Kinase C Immunoreactivity and Altered Protein Phosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease Fibroblasts (1989)

Abnormal protein kinase C levels and protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation are biochemical alterations in brain tissue obtained from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Because many biochemical and biophysical abnormalities are found in peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease, we studied protein kinase C levels and the in vitro phosphorylation of proteins under protein kinase C-activating conditions in fibroblasts derived from patients with Alzheimer's disease. The concentration of protein kinase C-like immunoreactivity was reduced in Alzheimer's disease samples, although the protein kinase C activity determined by the phosphorylation of exogenous histone was not. The degree of in vitro phosphorylation of an Mr 79,000 protein in the presence of protein kinase C activators was less in Alzheimer's disease than in control fibroblast cytosol, and a reduction was more prominent in cases of familial Alzheimer's disease than in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the aberrant phosphorylation mediated by protein kinase C is found not only in the brain but also in fibroblasts.
Resolving Conflicting Insights in Asynchronous Collaborative Visual Analysis (2020)

Abstract Analyzing large and complex datasets for critical decision making can benefit from a collective effort involving a team of analysts. However, insights and findings from different analysts are often incomplete, disconnected, or even conflicting. Most existing analysis tools lack proper support for examining and resolving the conflicts among the findings in order to consolidate the results of collaborative data analysis. In this paper, we present CoVA, a visual analytics system incorporating conflict detection and resolution for supporting asynchronous collaborative data analysis. By using a declarative visualization language and graph representation for managing insights and insight provenance, CoVA effectively leverages distributed revision control workflow from software engineering to automatically detect and properly resolve conflicts in collaborative analysis results. In addition, CoVA provides an effective visual interface for resolving conflicts as well as combining the analysis results. We conduct a user study to evaluate CoVA for collaborative data analysis. The results show that CoVA allows better understanding and use of the findings from different analysts.
STEEL AND CORROSION-SOME METHODS OF PROTECTION (1967)

SEVERAL RECENT STUDIES ARE REVIEWED ON CORROSION OF STEEL AND SOME SPECIFIC USAGES SURVEYED THAT ARE PRESENTLY BEING MADE OF HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY WEATHERING STEEL, GALVANIZED STEEL UNESTERFIED EPOXY PAINT, AND REINFORCED PLASTIC IN PREVENTING CORROSION. THE STUDIES REPORTED CONCERN AIR POLLUTION AND CORROSION, DEICING SALTS, AND GALVANIZED REINFORCING STEEL. MATERIALS STUDIED FOR PROTECTIVE COSTINGS INCLUDE ZINC, NICKEL AND ASPHALT-EXPOXY COATINGS. APPLICATIONS OF PROTECTIVE MATERIALS ARE DISCUSSED ON HIGHWAY BRIDGES, TRANSMISSION TOWERS, AND SUSPENSION BRIDGES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE TRUE TEST OF PERFORMANCE OF A PROTECTIVE COATING COMES AFTER THE PAINT IS ON THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE AND IS SUBJECTED TO WEATHER AND POLLUTED AIR FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME.
Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a bovine brain brefeldin A-sensitive guanine nucleotide-exchange protein for ADP-ribosylation factor (1997)

A 200-kDa guanine nucleotide-exchange protein (p200 or GEP) for ADP-ribosylation factors 1 and 3 (ARF1 and ARF3) that was inhibited by brefeldin A (BFA) was purified earlier from cytosol of bovine brain cortex. Amino acid sequences of four tryptic peptides were 47% identical to that of Sec7 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is involved in vesicular trafficking in the Golgi. By using a PCR-based procedure with two degenerate primers representing sequences of these peptides, a product similar in size to Sec7 that contained the peptide sequences was generated. Two oligonucleotides based on this product were used to screen a bovine brain library, which yielded one clone that was a partial cDNA for p200. The remainder of the cDNA was obtained by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The ORF of the cDNA encodes a protein of 1,849 amino acids (approximately 208 kDa) that is 33% identical to yeast Sec7 and 50% identical in the Sec7 domain region. On Northern blot analysis of bovine tissues, a approximately 7.4-kb mRNA was identified that hybridized with a p200 probe; it was abundant in kidney, somewhat less abundant in lung, spleen, and brain, and still less abundant in heart. A six-His-tagged fusion protein synthesized in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells demonstrated BFA-inhibited GEP activity, confirming that BFA sensitivity is an intrinsic property of this ARF GEP and not conferred by another protein component of the complex from which p200 was originally purified.
Low temperature regulation of antifreeze glycopeptide levels in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) (1987)

The influence of water temperature and photoperiod on the timing of the annual cycle of plasma antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) was examined in Atlantic cod. Long day lengths (18 h) or continuous light had no effect on the time of appearance or disappearance of AFGP from the plasma. Cold water (0 °C) advanced the time of AFGP appearance by as much as 100 days. Long day lengths had no effect on this early induction of AFGP production. AFGP was not detectable in the plasma of fish exposed to water temperatures greater than 1 °C. Although small amounts of AFGP did appear in the plasma of cod exposed to 1 °C, it immediately began to disappear while plasma levels in normal and 0 °C acclimated cod continued to rise. The biological half time of AFGP activity was very sensitive to temperature, ranging from 15.6 days at 5 °C to 99.4 days at 0 °C. The results of this study suggest that the appearance of AFGP in cod during the winter months is dependent on the cod's exposure to water temperatures at least as low as 1 °C. Although 1 °C appears to be capable of initiating production of AFGP, it is not low enough to allow normal protective levels to be built up in the plasma.
On The Catalytic Center of Peptidyl Transfer: A Part of the 50 S Ribosome Structure (1969)

The enormous complexity of ribosome structure even in simple organisms such as bacteria has become fully evident during the last few years. Most of the detailed information on the chemical aspects of ribosomal proteins has been obtained from the 30 S ribosome of Escherichia coli (Traut et al., 1967; Moore et al., 1968; Fogel and Sypherd, 1968; Delius and Traut, 1969; Traut et al., this volume; Kurland et al., this volume). The functional aspects and how they relate to the structural complexity of the 30 S ribosome have been studied to a most remarkable degree of detail in Nomura's laboratory (this volume and Traub et al., 1967, 1968b, 1969; Ozaki et al., 1969). Although some protein components are of particular importance for specific functions of the 30 S ribosome (chain initiation, codon specific aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) binding, fidelity of coding) it is quite clear that the functions of many proteins...
A Membrane-Destabilizing Peptide in Capsid Protein L2 Is Required for Egress of Papillomavirus Genomes from Endosomes (2005)

Papillomaviruses are internalized via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. However, the mechanism by which viral genomes pass endosomal membranes has not been elucidated. In this report we show that the minor capsid protein L2 is required for egress of viral genomes from endosomes but not for initial uptake and uncoating and that a 23-amino-acid peptide at the C terminus of L2 is necessary for this function. Pseudogenomes encapsidated by L1 and L2 lacking this peptide accumulated in vesicular compartments similar to that observed with L1-only viral particles, and these mutant pseudoviruses were noninfectious. This L2 peptide displayed strong membrane-disrupting activity, induced cytolysis of bacteria and eukaryotic cells in a pH-dependent manner, and permeabilized cells after exogenous addition. Fusions between green fluorescent protein and the L2 peptide integrated into cellular membranes like the wild type but not like C-terminal mutants of L2. Our data indicate that the L2 C terminus facilitates escape of viral genomes from the endocytic compartment and that this feature is conserved among papillomaviruses. Furthermore, the characteristic of this peptide differs from the classical virus-encoded membrane-penetrating peptides.
Inverters—critical photovoltaic balance‐of‐system components: status, issues, and new‐millennium opportunities (2000)

The balance-of-system (BOS) components in a photovoltaic (PV) installation include the array structure, trackers, ac and dc wiring, overcurrent protection, disconnects, interconnects, inverters, charge controllers, energy storage and system controllers. The inverter (sometimes called power-conditioning subsystem (PCS), power conditioner, or static power converter) is the key electrical power handling component of a photovoltaic power system that is attached to ac loads. This paper focuses on the inverter and its related functions as the critical electrical BOS element in a photovoltaic system. The paths that have been taken to arrive at today's inverter technology are summarized and developments in integrated hardware, advancements in packaging, advancements in manufacturing, and opportunities for the new millennium are presented. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rat hippocampal neurons express genes for both rod retinal and olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: novel targets for cAMP/cGMP function. (1996)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are Ca(2+)-permeable, nonspecific cation channels that can be activated through direct interaction with cAMP and/or cGMP. Recent electrophysiological evidence for these channels in cultured hippocampal neurons prompted us to investigate the expression of CNG channel genes in hippocampus. PCR amplification detected the expression of transcripts for subunit 1 of both the rod photoreceptor (RCNGC1) and the olfactory receptor cell (OCNGC1) subtype of CNG channel in adult rat hippocampus. In situ hybridization detected expression of both channel subtypes in most principal neurons, including pyramidal cells of the CA1 through CA3 regions and granule cells of the dentate gyrus. From the hybridization patterns, we conclude that the two genes are colocalized in individual neurons. Comparison of the patterns of expression of type 1 cGMP-dependent protein kinase and the CNG channels suggests that hippocampal neurons can respond to changes in cGMP levels with both rapid changes in CNG channel activity and slower changes induced by phosphorylation. Future models of hippocampal function should include CNG channels and their effects on both electrical responses and intracellular Ca2+ levels.
Recovery from Poststroke Urinary Incontinence: Associated Factors and Impact on Outcome (2001)

Age 75 and older is independently associated with poor recovery from poststroke urinary incontinence. Further clinical trials are required to explore underlying mechanisms and efficacy of possible interventions for this group of stroke survivors. Recovery from poststroke urinary incontinence should be a major goal of stroke professionals because it is associated with lower institutionalization rates and less disability at 3 months.
An adaptive echo canceller using digital signal processor LSI chips (2005)

This paper discusses a compact adaptive echo canceller with digital signal processor (SP) chips on the basis of a cascadable structure. By using this cascadable structure, tap number expansibility and program modification for satisfying various requirements can be easily obtained. Two kinds of echo cancellers were implemented. One for teleconference use, which has 600 taps with 12 SPs, has accomplished more than 20 dB echo cancellation in a conference room. It provides subjective high performance. The other, for telephone line use, with up to 300 taps, attains more than 30 dB echo return loss enhancement (ERLE). Each of these echo cancellers was implemented on a single board.
Newly Designed Resorcinolate Binding for Ru(II)– and Re(I)–Polypyridyl Complexes on Oleic Acid Capped TiO<sub>2</sub> in Nonaqueous Solvent: Prolonged Charge Separation and Substantial Thermalized <sup>3</sup>MLCT Injection (2013)

Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopic studies on a series of newly synthesized resorcinol-based Ru(II) and Re(I) complexes on oleic acid capped TiO2 nanoparticles have been carried out in chloroform, and the results are compared with those of the catechol analogues. The ruthenium complex shows biexponential injection; the second component arises due to injection from the thermally equilibrated 3MLCT states as a result of a weaker strength of the resorcinolate binding. Also, in comparison with catechol binding, as a result of a greater diffusion of the injected electrons into TiO2, the back electron transfer (BET) is slowed down significantly for the ruthenium complex. These are distinctive observations for any mononuclear ruthenium–polypyridyl–enediol complex reported thus far. However, the rhenium complex educes single exponential ultrafast injection (<120 fs) because of apparent injection in a high density of states and shows the most prominent results with ∼50% slowdown in the charge recombination rate as compared to the analogous catechol bound system. These results exemplify the probable development of highly capable sensitizer dyes with resorcinol as the anchoring group for the development of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells.
Inhibition of Lipid A Biosynthesis as the Primary Mechanism of CHIR-090 Antibiotic Activity in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

The deacetylation of UDP-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc) by LpxC is the committed reaction of lipid A biosynthesis. CHIR-090, a novel N-aroyl-l-threonine hydroxamic acid, is a potent, slow, tight-binding inhibitor of the LpxC deacetylase from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus, and it has excellent antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as judged by disk diffusion assays. We now report that CHIR-090 is also a two-step slow, tight-binding inhibitor of E. coli LpxC with Ki = 4.0 nM, Ki* = 0.5 nM, k5 = 1.9 min-1, and k6 = 0.18 min-1. CHIR-090 at low nanomolar levels inhibits LpxC orthologues from diverse Gram-negative pathogens, including P. aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, and Helicobacter pylori. In contrast, CHIR-090 is a relatively weak competitive and conventional inhibitor (lacking slow, tight-binding kinetics) of LpxC from Rhizobium leguminosarum (Ki = 340 nM), a Gram-negative plant endosymbiont that is resistant to this compound. The KM (4.8 microM) and the kcat (1.7 s-1) of R. leguminosarum LpxC with UDP-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine as the substrate are similar to values reported for E. coli LpxC. R. leguminosarum LpxC therefore provides a useful control for validating LpxC as the primary target of CHIR-090 in vivo. An E. coli construct in which the chromosomal lpxC gene is replaced by R. leguminosarum lpxC is resistant to CHIR-090 up to 100 microg/mL, or 400 times above the minimal inhibitory concentration for wild-type E. coli. Given its relatively broad spectrum and potency against diverse Gram-negative pathogens, CHIR-090 is an excellent lead for the further development of new antibiotics targeting the lipid A pathway.
Zusammenfassung (1961)

Der vorliegende Bericht enthält die Ergebnisse von Richtwertuntersuchungen beim Außenrundschleifen verschiedener Werkstoffe. Zur Begrenzung des Versuchsumfanges wurden nur bei dem Stahl Ck 45 N alle Einflußgrö-Ben auf den Schleifvorgang systematisch untersucht, während für die Stähle 16 Mn Cr 5 (gehärtet) und 30 Cr Ni Mo 8 (vergütet) und für zwei hochwarmfeste Werkstoffe lediglich die maßgebenden Einflußfaktoren verändert wurden. Als Bewertungsgrößen für den Schleifvorgang und das Schleifergebnis dienten die Werkstückrauhtiefe, der Schleifscheibenverschleiß und die Standzeit.
<i>Gprc5a</i> Deletion Enhances the Transformed Phenotype in Normal and Malignant Lung Epithelial Cells by Eliciting Persistent Stat3 Signaling Induced by Autocrine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (2010)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated by cytokines and growth factors in lung cancers and regulates expression of genes implicated in cell growth, survival, and transformation. Previously, we found that mice with a deletion of the G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member a (Gprc5a) gene develop lung tumors, indicating that Gprc5a is a tumor suppressor. Herein, we show that epithelial cells from Gprc5a knockout mouse lung (Gprc5a(-/-) cells) survive better in vitro in medium deprived of exogenous growth factors and form more colonies in semisolid medium than their counterparts from wild-type mice (Gprc5a(+/+) cells). Stat3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation and expression of several Stat3-regulated antiapoptotic genes were higher in Gprc5a(-/-) than in Gprc5a(+/+) cells. Both cell types secreted leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif); however, whereas Stat3 activation was persistent in Gprc5a(-/-) cells, it was transient in Gprc5a(+/+) cells. Lung adenocarcinoma cells isolated from Gprc5a(-/-) mice also exhibited autocrine Lif-mediated Stat3 activation. The level of Socs3, the endogenous Stat3 inhibitory protein, was higher in Gprc5a(+/+) than in Gprc5a(-/-) cells, and expression of the tumor suppressor stabilized Socs3. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling in Gprc5a(-/-) normal and cancer cells by the Janus-activated kinase 2 inhibitor AG490 or by a dominant negative Stat3(Y705F) increased starvation-induced apoptosis and inhibited colony formation. These results show that persistent Stat3 activation is important for the survival and transformation of Gprc5a(-/-) lung cells and suggest that the tumor suppressive effects of Gprc5a are mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of Stat3 signaling through Socs3 stabilization.
Adaptive sparseness for supervised learning (2003)

The goal of supervised learning is to infer a functional mapping based on a set of training examples. To achieve good generalization, it is necessary to control the "complexity" of the learned function. In Bayesian approaches, this is done by adopting a prior for the parameters of the function being learned. We propose a Bayesian approach to supervised learning, which leads to sparse solutions; that is, in which irrelevant parameters are automatically set exactly to zero. Other ways to obtain sparse classifiers (such as Laplacian priors, support vector machines) involve (hyper)parameters which control the degree of sparseness of the resulting classifiers; these parameters have to be somehow adjusted/estimated from the training data. In contrast, our approach does not involve any (hyper)parameters to be adjusted or estimated. This is achieved by a hierarchical-Bayes interpretation of the Laplacian prior, which is then modified by the adoption of a Jeffreys' noninformative hyperprior. Implementation is carried out by an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Experiments with several benchmark data sets show that the proposed approach yields state-of-the-art performance. In particular, our method outperforms SVMs and performs competitively with the best alternative techniques, although it involves no tuning or adjustment of sparseness-controlling hyperparameters.