gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional studies and distribution define a family of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (2003)

Functional expression of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in cerebellar granule cells requires stargazin, a member of a large family of four-pass transmembrane proteins. Here, we define a family of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs), which comprise stargazin, gamma-3, gamma-4, and gamma-8, but not related proteins, that mediate surface expression of AMPA receptors. TARPs exhibit discrete and complementary patterns of expression in both neurons and glia in the developing and mature central nervous system. In brain regions that express multiple isoforms, such as cerebral cortex, TARP-AMPA receptor complexes are strictly segregated, suggesting distinct roles for TARP isoforms. TARPs interact with AMPA receptors at the postsynaptic density, and surface expression of mature AMPA receptors requires a TARP. These studies indicate a general role for TARPs in controlling synaptic AMPA receptors throughout the central nervous system.
Determination of oxalate by gas chromatographic measurement of carbon dioxide evolved from the photochemical decomposition of iron(III) oxalate (1980)

Oxalate over the range of 0.4 M to 1 × 10 −5 M can be determined with an accuracy of about 2% by injection of sample solutions into a photolytic cell containing an acidic solution of iron(III). Ultraviolet irradiation decomposes the iron(III) oxalate complex to iron(II) and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide then is purged from the cell in a stream of helium, dried, separated from other gases on a column of silica gel, and measured with a thermal conductivity detector. Interference from calcium, magnesium, thorium, aluminum, and several carboxylic acids is slight, while that from malonic. citric, formic, and tartaric acids is moderate. Strong ultraviolet absorbing species affect results by reducing the efficiency of photolysis.
Rotary Ultrasonic Motor using Extensional Vibration of a Ring (1986)

Using the extensional vibration mode of a PZT ring, an ultrasonic rotary motor is successfully made. The PZT ring is radially polarized and acts as a stator of a motor. The traveling wave along the circumference of the ring is obtained by driving two standing waves which are temporally and spatially phase shifted by 90 degrees from each other. A structure similar to a drum brake is employed as a rotor. The maximum torque and maximum efficiency of the motor are 200 g·cm and 1.9%, respectively.
Comparison of the Etching and Plasma Characteristics of Discharges in  CF 4 and  NF 3 (1981)

Experiments were performed to explore the correlation (or lack thereof) between the surface effect and plasma characteristics of discharges in and. The optical emission from excited fluorine can be greatly enhanced by the dilution of these gases with helium, yet the etch rate of Si (or ) is decreased by this dilution. The effect of biasing the sample with respect to the plasma potential was investigated, and for , evidence was found for a reaction involving a negative ion.
New multidentate ligands. 28. Synthesis and evaluation of new macrocyclic ligands containing bidentate endocyclic catechol donor groups (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew multidentate ligands. 28. Synthesis and evaluation of new macrocyclic ligands containing bidentate endocyclic catechol donor groupsYizhen Sun, Arthur E. Martell, and Ramunas J. MotekaitisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 26, 4780–4785Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00246a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00246a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal orientation dependence of silicon doping in molecular beam epitaxial AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures (1985)

Results on crystal orientation dependence of n- and p-type Si doping in molecular beam epitaxial GaAs are presented. High electron and hole mobilities in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures on high index planes are demonstrated for the first time. The doping results should prove useful for various transistor structures and complementary circuits. Also, due to the differences in the band structure for different orientations, quantum well heterostructures are likely to exhibit many interesting phenomena which are strongly orientation dependent.
The Cortical Localization of the Auditory Area (1903)

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Assertions and measurements for mixed-signal simulation (2016)

Cette these porte sur le monitorage des simulations de circuits en signaux mixtes. Dans le domaine de la verification de materiel, l'utilisation de formalismes declaratifs pour la specification, dans le cadre de la validation par simulation, s'est installee dans la pratique courante. Cependant, le manque de fonctionnalites visant a specifier les comportements asynchrones, ou l'integration insuffisante des resultats de la verification, rend les language d'assertions et de mesures inoperants pour la verification de comportements en signaux mixtes. Nous proposons des outils theoriques et pratiques pour la description et le monitorage de ces comportements, qui comportent des aspects a la fois discrets et continus. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur des travaux anterieurs portant sur les extensions temps-reel de la logique temporelle et des expressions regulieres. Nous decrivons de nouveaux algorithmes pour calculer la distance entre une trace de simulation et une propriete en logique temporelle donnees. Une nouvelle procedure de diagnostic est concue pour deboguer efficacement de telles traces. Le monitorage des comportements continus est ensuite etendu a d'autres formes d'assertions basees sur des expressions regulieres. Ces expressions constituent la base de notre language de description de mesures, qui permet de definir conjointement la mesure et les intervals temporels sur lesquels cette mesure doit etre prise. Nous montrons comment d'autres mesures, deja mises en œuvre dans les simulateurs analogiques peuvent etre importees dans les descriptions digitales. Ceci permet d'etendre vers le domaine en signaux mixtes les approches hierarchiques utilisees en verification de circuits digitaux.
P2Y<sub>2</sub>Receptor Agonist INS37217 Enhances Functional Recovery after Detachment Caused by Subretinal Injection in Normal and<i>rds</i>Mice (2003)

Enhancement of ERG recovery by INS37217 is likely due to reduced retinal folding and cell death associated with detachment. These results support the use of INS37217 to help restore function after therapies that involve subretinal administration of drugs in animal models of retinal diseases.
Cell-specific regulation of gene expression in mitochondria during anther development in sunflower. (1994)

Mitochondrial gene expression was characterized during meiosis in sunflower anthers. In situ hybridization experiments showed that there was a marked accumulation of four mitochondrial gene transcripts (atpA, atp9, cob, and rrn26) in young meiotic cells. This pattern of transcript accumulation was only detected for mitochondrial genes and not for transcripts of two nuclear genes (atpB and ANT) encoding mitochondrial proteins or another nuclear gene transcript (25S rRNA). Immunolocalization studies showed that the pattern of accumulation of the protein product of the atpA gene, the F1-ATP synthase alpha subunit, reflects that of the transcript. The expression of the novel mitochondrial orf522, which is associated with the cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) phenotype, was also studied by in situ hybridization. The orf522 transcripts were reduced in abundance in meiotic cells in the presence of fertility restorer genes. These results suggest that mitochondrial gene expression is regulated in a cell-specific fashion in developing anthers and that the restorer gene(s) may act cell specifically.
Melatonin Target Proteins: Too Many or Not Enough? (2019)

The neurohormone N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, better known as melatonin, is a tryptophan derivative with a wide range of biological effects that is present in many organisms. These effects are believed to rely either on the chemical properties of melatonin itself as scavenger of free radicals or on the binding of melatonin to protein targets. More than 15 proteins, including receptors (MT<sub>1</sub>, MT<sub>2</sub>, Mel1c, CAND2, ROR, VDR), enzymes (QR2, MMP-9, pepsin, PP2A, PR-10 proteins), pores (mtPTP), transporters (PEPT1/2, Glut1), and other proteins (HBS, CaM, tubulin, calreticuline), have been suggested to interact with melatonin at sub-nanomolar to millimolar melatonin concentrations. In this review we assemble for the first time the available information on proposed melatonin targets and discuss them in a comprehensive manner to evaluate the robustness of these findings in terms of methodology, physiological relevance, and independent replication.
Power electronic converter technology (2001)

The present state of the art in DC-DC, AC-DC, DC-AC, and AC-AC converter technology is presented along with their typical areas of applications. Advances made in the last decade that are finding use in industrial, commercial, and military applications are emphasized. Soft switching, in which power device switching stresses are reduced due to circuit resonances, has dominated DC-DC power conversion and some high-performance DC-AC power conversion. In the higher voltage and higher power areas, the invention and improvements of gate turnoff thyristors (GTOs), insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and integrated gate-commutated thyristors (IGCTs) have led to other unique topologies to take advantage of these devices.
Chromatin Domains Constitute Regulatory Units for the Control of Eukaryotic Genes (1993)

The analysis of chromatin structure at distinct eukaryotic gene loci has increased our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell-type- and cell-stage-specific gene activation. Active genes or gene clusters are located within regions of chromatin exhibiting an increased general sensitivity toward digestion with DNases as compared to nontranscribed areas. This general DNase sensitivity is not restricted to the transcribed regions (Stalder et al. 1980). In all vertebrate gene loci for which the extent of decondensed chromatin was mapped, it turned out to reach far into the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions (Lawson et al. 1982; Jantzen et al. 1986; Levy-Wilson and Fortier 1989). Accompanying these chromatin domains are narrower sites of even higher DNase I sensitivity, so-called DNase-I-hypersensitive (DH) sites, at which the regular nucleosomal array is interrupted by non-histone protein/DNA complexes (Gross and Garrard 1988). DH sites flanking active gene loci mark the positions of regulatory elements involved in the...
Immunohistochemical distribution of collagens types IV, V, and VI and of pro-collagens types I and III in human alveolar bone and dentine. (1986)

The aim of the present study was to characterize the composition of the organic matrix in alveolar jaw bone and dentine using antibodies against pro-collagens Types I and III and collagens Types IV, V, and VI. After demineralization of oral hard tissues in 0.2 N HCl, antigenicity was well preserved and the distribution of the pro-collagens and collagens could be demonstrated. Staining for pro-collagen Type I was prominent around osteoblasts and in pre-dentine, indicating active de novo synthesis of Type I pro-collagen. Pro-collagen Type I was ubiquitous but was less abundant in bone and dentine, whereas pro-collagen Type III was seen only in areas of bone remodeling, in peritubular spaces, and in pre-dentine. Type IV collagen was limited to the basement membranes of vessels in osteons and bone marrow. Type V collagen was detected neither in pre-dentine nor in bone. In contrast, Type VI collagen was found in dentine and bone, showing a faint but homogeneous staining which, similarly to pro-collagen Type III, was pronounced around osteoblasts and in pre-dentine, areas of active bone and dentine formation. This study showed that the organic matrix of dentine and bone contains Type VI as well as Type I collagen. Pro-collagen Type III (and to a lesser extent collagen Type VI) is transiently produced during new formation and remodeling of oral hard tissues, and disappears once the matrix calcifies. Type I pro-collagen qualifies as a general marker protein for increased osteoblastic activity. We conclude that immunostaining for the different collagen/pro-collagen types can be used to assess normal or abnormal stages of bone/dentine formation.
Characterization of Cure Kinetics and Physical Properties of a High Performance, Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Prepreg and a Novel Fluorine-Modified, Amine-Cured Commercial Epoxy. (2003)

Kinetic equation parameters for the curing reaction of a commercial glass fiber reinforced high performance epoxy prepreg composed of the tetrafunctional epoxy tetraglycidyl 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM), the tetrafunctional amine curing agent 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and an ionic initiator/accelerator, are determined by various thermal analysis techniques and the results compared. The reaction is monitored by heat generated determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by high speed DSC when the reaction rate is high. The changes in physical properties indicating increasing conversion are followed by shifts in glass transition temperature determined by DSC, temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC), step scan DSC and high speed DSC, thermomechanical (TMA) and dynamic mechanical (DMA) analysis and thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD). Changes in viscosity, also indicative of degree of conversion, are monitored by DMA. Thermal stability as a function of degree of cure is monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The parameters of the general kinetic equations, including activation energy and rate constant, are explained and used to compare results of various techniques. The utilities of the kinetic descriptions are demonstrated in the construction of a useful time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram and a continuous heating transformation (CHT) diagram for rapid determination of processing parameters in the processing of prepregs. Shrinkage due to both resin consolidation and fiber rearrangement is measured as the linear expansion of the piston on a quartz dilatometry cell using TMA. The shrinkage of prepregs was determined to depend on the curing temperature, pressure applied and the fiber orientation. Chemical modification of an epoxy was done by mixing a fluorinated aromatic amine (aniline) with a standard aliphatic amine as a curing agent for a commercial Diglycidylether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy. The resulting cured network was tested for wear resistance using tribological techniques. Of the six anilines, 3-fluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline were determined to have lower wear than the unmodified epoxy, while the others showed much higher wear rates.
Interaction of the polyelectrolyte heparin with copper(II) and calcium (1973)

Abstract The binding of copper(II) ions by heparin was investigated using equilibrium dialysi techniques, and the effects of this binding on solution properties determined. In neus tral Tris buffer solutions, heparin binds a maximum of twenty‐three to twenty‐four copper ions in two classes of sites, one containing three to four binding sites, the other containing twenty to twenty‐one sites. Cooperative binding is associated with the larger class of sites. In more acidic citrate buffer solution, only one class of sites is observed, containing about four to five binding sites. Association constants are calculated for the classes and the possible chemical nature of the sites is discussed. The binding of calcium ions in neutral buffer is also examined, and these ions appear to be bound by a group of twenty to twenty‐one binding sites, with a larger association constant than that for the copper ions. Definite effects on the solution properties of heparin, such as intrinsic viscosity, sedimentation coefficients, and partial specific volume, can be observed only in the cooperative binding of copper ions in neutral buffer. The interpretation of these solution properties in terms of molecular size and shape is analyzed, and it is concluded that the metal ion interactions cause no major change in the apparently random coil conformation of heparin in buffered solution, although some minor changes can be associated with the cooperative uptake of copper ions.
Mining user web search activity with layered bayesian networks or how to capture a click in its context (2009)

Mining user web search activity potentially has a broad range of applications including web result pre-fetching, automatic search query reformulation, click spam detection, estimation of document relevance and prediction of user satisfaction. This analysis is difficult because the data recorded by search engines while users interact with them, although abundant, is very noisy. In this work, we explore the utility of mining search behavior of users, represented by observed variables including the time the user spends on the page, and whether the user reformulated his or her query. As a case study, we examine the contribution this data makes to predicting the relevance of a document in the absence of document content models. To this end, we first propose a method for grouping the interactions of a particular user according to the different tasks he or she undertakes. With each task corresponding to a distinct information need, we then propose a Bayesian Network to holistically model these interactions. The aim is to identify distinct patterns of search behaviors. Finally, we join these patterns to a list of custom features and we use gradient boosted decision trees to predict the relevance of a set of query document pairs for which we have relevance assessments. The experimental results confirm the potential of our model, with significant improvements in precision for predicting the relevance of documents based on a model of the user's search and click behavior, over a baseline model using only click and query features, with no Bayesian Network input.
Use of a restriction enzyme-digested PCR product as substrate for helicase assays (2005)

DNA helicases play essential roles in many cellular processes. The currently available techniques to generate substrates for helicase assays are fairly complicated and need some expertise not available in all laboratories. Here, a PCR-based method to generate a substrate for a helicase assay is described, and its application for several archaeal, bacterial and viral enzymes is demonstrated.
Calculation of Phase Equilibria between Austenite and (Nb, Ti, V)(C, N) in Microalloyed Steels. (2001)

Thermodynamic calculations of the phase equilibria between austenite (γ) and complex carbonitrides containing Nb, Ti and V, (Nb, Ti, V)(C, N), were performed. The solubility product and formation energy of each carbide and nitride as well as the interaction parameters between components were evaluated. Experimental investigation on phase separation in the complex carbonitrides was also carried out using STEM-EDX and X-ray diffraction. The immiscibility of carbonitride was found to strongly affect the phase equilibria even when the content of microalloying elements in IF steels was very low.
Substrate oxidation sites in versatile peroxidase and other basidiomycete peroxidases (2008)

Versatile peroxidase (VP) is defined by its capabilities to oxidize the typical substrates of other basidiomycete peroxidases: (i) Mn(2+), the manganese peroxidase (MnP) substrate (Mn(3+) being able to oxidize phenols and initiate lipid peroxidation reactions); (ii) veratryl alcohol (VA), the typical lignin peroxidase (LiP) substrate; and (iii) simple phenols, which are the substrates of Coprinopsis cinerea peroxidase (CIP). Crystallographic, spectroscopic, directed mutagenesis, and kinetic studies showed that these 'hybrid' properties are due to the coexistence in a single protein of different catalytic sites reminiscent of those present in the other basidiomycete peroxidase families. Crystal structures of wild and recombinant VP, and kinetics of mutated variants, revealed certain differences in its Mn-oxidation site compared with MnP. These result in efficient Mn(2+) oxidation in the presence of only two of the three acidic residues forming its binding site. On the other hand, a solvent-exposed tryptophan is the catalytically-active residue in VA oxidation, initiating an electron transfer pathway to haem (two other putative pathways were discarded by mutagenesis). Formation of a tryptophanyl radical after VP activation by peroxide was detected using electron paramagnetic resonance. This was the first time that a protein radical was directly demonstrated in a ligninolytic peroxidase. In contrast with LiP, the VP catalytic tryptophan is not beta-hydroxylated under hydrogen peroxide excess. It was also shown that the tryptophan environment affected catalysis, its modification introducing some LiP properties in VP. Moreover, some phenols and dyes are oxidized by VP at the edge of the main haem access channel, as found in CIP. Finally, the biotechnological interest of VP is discussed.
Cost-Effective Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) To Screen for Dengue Virus followed by Rapid Single-Tube Multiplex RT-PCR for Serotyping of the Virus (2007)

Virus detection methodology provides detection of dengue virus in the early phase of the disease. PCR, targeting cDNA derived from viral RNA, has been used as a laboratory-based molecular tool for the detection of Dengue virus. We report the development and use of three real-time one-step reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays to detect dengue cases and serotype the virus involved. The first RT-PCR assay uses SYBR green I as the reporting dye for the purpose of cost-effective screening for dengue virus. The detection limit of the SYBR green I assay was 10 PFU/ml (0.01 equivalent PFU per assay) for all four dengue virus serotypes. The second RT-PCR assay is a duplex fluorogenic probe-based real-time RT-PCR for serotyping clinical samples for dengue viruses. The detection threshold of the probe-based RT-PCR format was 0.1 PFU for serotypes Dengue-1 and Dengue-2, 1 PFU for serotype Dengue-3, and 0.01 PFU for serotype Dengue-4. The third is a fourplex assay that detects any of the four serotypes in a single closed tube with comparable sensitivity. Validation of the assays with local clinical samples collected from 2004 to 2006 revealed that there was an 88% positive correlation between virus isolation and RT-PCR with regard to dengue virus detection and a 100% correlation with seroconversion in subsequent samples. The serotyping results derived from duplex and fourplex assays agree fully with each other and with that derived from immunofluorescence assays.