gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of large-scale deployment of multiple wearable sensors in Parkinson's disease (2017)

Wearable devices can capture objective day-to-day data about Parkinson's Disease (PD). This study aims to assess the feasibility of implementing wearable technology to collect data from multiple sensors during the daily lives of PD patients. The Parkinson@home study is an observational, two-cohort (North America, NAM; The Netherlands, NL) study. To recruit participants, different strategies were used between sites. Main enrolment criteria were self-reported diagnosis of PD, possession of a smartphone and age≥18 years. Participants used the Fox Wearable Companion app on a smartwatch and smartphone for a minimum of 6 weeks (NAM) or 13 weeks (NL). Sensor-derived measures estimated information about movement. Additionally, medication intake and symptoms were collected via self-reports in the app. A total of 953 participants were included (NL: 304, NAM: 649). Enrolment rate was 88% in the NL (n = 304) and 51% (n = 649) in NAM. Overall, 84% (n = 805) of participants contributed sensor data. Participants were compliant for 68% (16.3 hours/participant/day) of the study period in NL and for 62% (14.8 hours/participant/day) in NAM. Daily accelerometer data collection decreased 23% in the NL after 13 weeks, and 27% in NAM after 6 weeks. Data contribution was not affected by demographics, clinical characteristics or attitude towards technology, but was by the platform usability score in the NL (χ2 (2) = 32.014, p<0.001), and self-reported depression in NAM (χ2(2) = 6.397, p = .04). The Parkinson@home study shows that it is feasible to collect objective data using multiple wearable sensors in PD during daily life in a large cohort.
Expression of GAP-43, a rapidly transported growth-associated protein, and class II beta tubulin, a slowly transported cytoskeletal protein, are coordinated in regenerating neurons (1989)

GAP-43 is a membrane-associated phosphoprotein enriched in elongating axons (Meiri et al., 1986; Skene et al., 1986). After an axon has been interrupted by cutting or crushing a nerve (axotomy), the portion of the axon disconnected from the cell body (distal stump) degenerates and is replaced by the outgrowth (elongation) of regenerating sprouts arising from the proximal stump. Previous studies have shown that increased amounts of pulse-labeled GAP-43 undergo fast axonal transport in regenerating neurons (Benowitz et al., 1981; Skene and Willard, 1981 a, b). Using hybridization with a cloned cDNA probe, I now show that mRNA levels for GAP-43 increase in lumbar sensory neurons of rat after regeneration is initiated by crushing the sciatic nerve; the relatively high levels of GAP-43 mRNA in regenerating neurons are comparable to those in the developing neurons of 5-d-old animals. I further demonstrate that the induction of GAP-43 expression in regenerating neurons coincides temporally with an increase in mRNA levels for class II beta tubulin (Hoffman and Cleveland, 1988), suggesting that the expression of these proteins is closely coordinated during axonal elongation.
T4 Optically detectable antimicrobial peptides enable the immediate detection of bacteria and fungi in the lung (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The immediate detection of pathogens in the lungs of patients with unexplained pulmonary opacities in the intensive care unit would represent a significant advance in their management. An optical imaging strategy, including the endobronchial administration of bacterial specific Smartprobes, would confer a number of advantages over conventional techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage, principally real-time detection to immediately inform antimicrobial therapy. The aims of this study were to fluorescently label and iteratively develop anti-microbial peptides to image bacteria <i>in situ</i> in the lung using fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM). <h3>Methods</h3> Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been synthesised on a dendrimeric scaffold (AMP-1) and conjugated to an environmentally sensitive fluorophore called NBD, following the continuous development a linear counterpart. A further construct consists of an AMP with gram-selectivity conjugated to the NBD fluorophore (AMP-2). These are combined with FCFM to allow distal alveolar imaging at micron resolution in an <i>ex vivo</i> ovine model of bacterial infection. <h3>Results</h3> AMP-1 demonstrates bacterial binding affinity in a concentration dependent manner and labels a diverse panel of bacteria, including a panel consisting of >70% of ventilator-associated pneumonia causing organisms and the pathogenic fungi <i>Aspergillus fumigatus.</i> AMP-1 demonstrates significantly higher fluorescence over isomolar linear equivalents for <i>E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa</i>, MSSA, <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>S. pneumoniae</i> (all p < 0.01), is selective for bacteria over mammalian cells and has improved chemical stability over the linear equivalent when incubated with bronchoaoveolar lavage from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, AMP-1 can label <i>E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa</i> and MSSA <i>in situ</i> in an <i>ex vivo </i>ovine model when instilled endobronchially and imaged with FCFM (pin vitro and remains selective for gram-negative bacteria over mammalian cells. In the <i>ex-vivo</i> model AMP-2 selectively labels the gram-negative bacterial segments (<i>P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia</i> and <i>E. coli</i>) over the gram-positive (MSSA, MRSA and <i>S. pneumoniae</i>) or control pulmonary segments (all p < 0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A Smartprobe/FCFM strategy to immediately detect bacteria with gram selectivity in size relevant pre-clinical models is described, and are undergoing first-in-man translation.
Computer Simulations of Enzyme Catalysis: Methods, Progress, and Insights (2003)

Understanding the action of enzymes on an atomistic level is one of the important aims of modern biophysics. This review describes the state of the art in addressing this challenge by simulating enzymatic reactions. It considers different modeling methods including the empirical valence bond (EVB) and more standard molecular orbital quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods. The importance of proper configurational averaging of QM/MM energies is emphasized, pointing out that at present such averages are performed most effectively by the EVB method. It is clarified that all properly conducted simulation studies have identified electrostatic preorganization effects as the source of enzyme catalysis. It is argued that the ability to simulate enzymatic reactions also provides the chance to examine the importance of nonelectrostatic contributions and the validity of the corresponding proposals. In fact, simulation studies have indicated that prominent proposals such as desolvation, steric strain, near attack conformation, entropy traps, and coherent dynamics do not account for a major part of the catalytic power of enzymes. Finally, it is pointed out that although some of the issues are likely to remain controversial for some time, computer modeling approaches can provide a powerful tool for understanding enzyme catalysis.
Fault-Tolerant and Load Balancing Localization of Services in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks are made up of different kinds of nodes. Some nodes, the sensors, are used as an interface to the physical environment. Other nodes act instead as servers, providing various services to the sensors. In this paper we define an architecture to enable the sensors to efficiently localize the services, and hence the servers. Our is a two-tier server architecture. The first tier is made up of the actual servers. The second tier is formed by nodes that are basically standard nodes (like the sensors). These nodes know the current position of the servers (they are called server locators). Sensors needing service query the server locators to find the corresponding service. The service locator sends a service position to the sensor. Finally, once got a hold of a server location, a sensor uses the service directly. Our server architecture provides load balancing (of queries to the servers) and is tolerant to server faults. Sensor nodes are endowed with caches to maintain the location of popular services. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of using caches at the sensor nodes.
Spectral efficiency of wireless systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas (2002)

Recent information-theory results have shown the enormous capacity potential of wireless techniques that use transmit and receive antenna arrays. As a result, a number of layered space-time (BLAST) architectures have been proposed wherein multiple data streams are transmitted in parallel and separated at the receiver on account of their distinct spatial signatures. While extremely promising, all analysis of BLAST to date were restricted to the context of a single-user link. In this paper, the system-level benefit of using BLAST in multicell scenarios is evaluated in comparison with other directive- and adaptive-array techniques.
Kinetics of Small Systems. I (1963)

An extension of chemical kinetics to small systems is made by means of the application of stochastic processes. The classical, or deterministic, approach to chemical kinetics is replaced by a probabilistic model which furnishes not only concentration—time expressions, but also expressions for the statistical fluctuations about the deterministic curves.
The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Inducing Gut Immunity (2013)

The gut immune system is influenced by many factors, including dietary components and commensal bacteria. Nutrients that affect gut immunity and strategies that restore a healthy gut microbial community by affecting the microbial composition are being developed as new therapeutic approaches to treat several inflammatory diseases. Although probiotics (live microorganisms) and prebiotics (food components) have shown promise as treatments for several diseases in both clinical and animal studies, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the direct and indirect effects on the gut immune response will facilitate better and possibly more efficient therapy for diseases. In this review, we will first describe the concept of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics and cover the most recently well-established scientific findings regarding the direct and indirect mechanisms by which these dietary approaches can influence gut immunity. Emphasis will be placed on the relationship of diet, the microbiota, and the gut immune system. Second, we will highlight recent results from our group, which suggest a new dietary manipulation that includes the use of nutrient products (organic selenium and Lithothamnium muelleri) and probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii UFMG 905 and Bifidobacterium sp.) that can stimulate and manipulate the gut immune response, inducing intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, the purpose of this review is to discuss and translate all of this knowledge into therapeutic strategies and into treatment for extra-intestinal compartment pathologies. We will conclude by discussing perspectives and molecular advances regarding the use of prebiotics or probiotics as new therapeutic strategies that manipulate the microbial composition and the gut immune responses of the host.
A 2.7-V 300-MS/s track-and-hold amplifier (1997)

A fully differential bipolar track-and-hold amplifier (THA) employs an open-loop linearization technique compatible with low supply voltage. A feedthrough reduction method utilizes the junction capacitance of a replica switch to provide a close match to the junction capacitance of the main switch. The differential full-scale (FS) input range is 0.5 V. In the track mode, with f/sub in/=10 MHz, FS sinewave input, the measured total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than -72 dB. With f/sub s/=300 MS/s and f/sub in/=10-50 MHz, FS sinewave input, the measured THD is less than -65 dB. This THD measurement reflects the held values as well as the tracking components of the output waveform. With f/sub s/<10 MS/s and f/sub in/=10-50 MHz, FS sinewave input, the measured feedthrough is less than -60 dB. The hold capacitance is 2.5 pF and the differential droop rate is 16 mV//spl mu/s. The THA consumes 32 mW from a 2.7-V power supply and is fabricated in a 0.5-/spl mu/m, 18-GHz BiCMOS process.
Zizimin2: a novel, DOCK180‐related Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor expressed predominantly in lymphocytes (2005)

A novel superfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases includes DOCK180 and zizimin1. The zizimin subfamily includes three genes of which only zizimin1 has been cloned. We report here the cloning of zizimin2, identified in a screen for genes enriched in germinal center B cells. Zizimin2 and zizimin1 have similar primary structures and both proteins bound and activated Cdc42 but not the Cdc42-related proteins TC10 or TCL. Their tissue distributions are distinct, however, with zizimin2 expressed predominantly in lymphocytes and an opposite pattern for zizimin1. Zizimin3 was also analyzed and showed distinct GTPase specificity and tissue distribution.
A frequency synchronization method for 3GPP LTE OFDMA system in TDD mode (2009)

In this paper, we propose a coarse and fine frequency synchronization method which is suitable for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system in time division duplexing (TDD) mode. In general, primary synchronization signal (PSS) correlation based estimation method and cyclic prefix (CP) correlation based tracking loop are applied for coarse and fine frequency synchronization in 3GPP LTE OFDMA system, respectively. However, the conventional coarse frequency synchronization method has performance degradation caused by fading channel and signal to noise ratio (SNR) loss. Also, the conventional fine frequency synchronization method cannot guarantee stable operation in TDD mode because there is no signal in uplink subframe. Therefore, in this paper, we propose enhanced coarse and fine frequency synchronization methods which can estimate more accurately in low SNR and high speed channel environments and has stable operation for TDD frame structure, respectively. By computer simulation, we show that the proposed methods outperform the conventional methods, and verify that the proposed frequency synchronization method can guarantee stable operation in 3GPP LTE OFDMA system in TDD mode.
Hydrogen-mediated mannose uptake in Azotobacter vinelandii (1988)

Azotobacter vinelandii can grow mixotrophically with H2 plus mannose under N2-fixing conditions (T. Y. Wong and R. J. Maier, J. Bacteriol. 163:528-533, 1985). Mixotrophically grown cultures incubated in H2 transported mannose with a Vmax fourfold greater than that observed for cultures incubated in argon, but H2 did not change the apparent Km for mannose. Respiratory inhibitors, such as potassium cyanide, hydroxylamine, and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, as well as the proton conductor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone inhibited mannose uptake. We suggest that one of the roles of H2 in mixotrophic metabolism is to supply energy that facilitates mannose transport.
Automated Execution Control and Dynamic Behavior Monitoring for Android (TM) Applications (2013)

We explore techniques for eliciting a behavioral description from an Android smartphone app in a controlled manner. A description of app behavior is useful for performing subsequent analysis such as model checking, for example to verify the app satisfies a set of desirable security properties. Our solution is to dynamically execute the app in a customized version of the Android SDK emulator, which provides many of an app's inputs as responses to invoked API calls. A more focused set of input values computed offline are then injected to the app via hooks introduced into the Android API implementation. To dynamically monitor app behavior, we instrument the app bytecode to record control and data flows during execution. We also instrument the Android API to record all of the app's inputs and outputs. We have used this technique on the DARPA Automated Program Analysis for Cybersecurity (APAC) program to reveal hidden, triggerable attacks in independently developed challenge apps. Our framework for extracting app behavior is part of Droid Reasoning, Analysis, and Protection Engine (DRAPE), an integrated, semi-automated app behavior analysis system capable of discovering hidden malware in Android apps.
Modeling Cost of Countermeasures in Software Defined Networking-enabled Energy Delivery Systems (2018)

Software defined networking (SDN) is a networking paradigm to provide automated network management at run time through network orchestration and virtualization. SDN is primarily used for quality of service (QoS) and automated response to network failures. In the context of Energy Delivery System (EDS), SDN can also enhance system resilience through recovery from failures and maintaining critical operations during cyber attacks. Researchers have proposed SDN based architectures for autonomous attack containment, which dynamically modifies access control rules based on configurable trust levels. One of the challenges with such architectures is the lack of a cost model to select the countermeasure which balances the tradeoff between security risk and network QoS. Prior to choosing a particular countermeasure which either quarantines the attack or mitigates the impact, it is also critical to assess the impact on the ability of the operator to conduct normal operations. In this paper, we present an approach to aid in selection of security countermeasures dynamically in an SDN enabled EDS and achieving tradeoff between providing security and QoS. We present the modeling of security cost based on end-toend packet delay and throughput. We propose a non-dominated sorting based multi-objective optimization framework which can be implemented within an SDN controller to address the joint problem of optimizing between security and QoS parameters by alleviating time complexity at O(MN <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The M is the number of objective functions and N is the number of population for each generation respectively. We present simulation results which illustrate how data availability and data integrity can be achieved while maintaining QoS constraints.
Analogy in systems management: A theoretical inquiry (1983)

This theoretical analysis of the intuitive and diffuse characteristics of analogical reasoning processes is the first step in a research effort intended to lead to: understanding of common (and possibly costly) errors, pitfalls, travails, and problem-solving impediments; possible recommendations for improvements to organizational structures, control and coordination processes, and management information flows, and guidelines for a generalized analogical reasoning support framework (e.g., a handbook, a knowledge bank design, and/or even a software package/artificial intelligence program).
Operation Characterization of Flash Memory with Silicon Nitride/Silicon Dioxide Stack Tunnel Dielectric (2005)

The operating characteristics of flash memory devices with tunnel dielectrics comprising a silicon nitride layer or a silicon nitride/silicon dioxide (N/O) stack and annealed at various temperatures are studied. The present work indicates that flash memory devices with an N/O stack tunnel dielectric have a higher program/erase speed and reliability than those with a single Si 3 N 4 layer. The stack tunnel dielectric composed of a thick Si 3 N 4 layer and a thin SiO 2 layer exhibits even better performance for flash memory operation. Flash memory devices having N/O stack tunnel dielectrics annealed at low temperatures show better performance in terms of erase speed and charge retention but poor robustness under read disturbance.
State of the art paper Potential role of dietary lipids in the prophylaxis of some clinical conditions (2015)

An imbalance of dietary lipids may potentially have a significant role in the pathobiology of some chronic diseases. Public health dietary fat recommendations have emphasized that low saturated fat, high monounsaturated fat, and high polyunsaturated fat with a lower ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acid ratio intake are necessary for normal health. However, such universal recommendations are likely to be hazardous, since the outcome of recommended lipid intake may depend on the consumption of other important dietary constituents that have an important role in the metabolism of lipids. In addition, consumption of fatty acids as per the individually tailored specific requirements in the context of other nutritional factors may have the potential to stabilize hormones, mood and sleep, and minimize adverse events. In support of this proposal, we review various factors that influence fatty acid metabolism, which need to be taken into consideration for appropriate utilization and consequently prevention of various diseases.
Biomechanical characteristics and determinants of instep soccer kick. (2007)

Good kicking technique is an important aspect of a soccer player. Therefore, understanding the biomechanics of soccer kicking is particularly important for guiding and monitoring the training process. The purpose of this review was to examine latest research findings on biomechanics of soccer kick performance and identify weaknesses of present research which deserve further attention in the future. Being a multiarticular movement, soccer kick is characterised by a proximal-to-distal motion of the lower limb segments of the kicking leg. Angular velocity is maximized first by the thigh, then by the shank and finally by the foot. This is accomplished by segmental and joint movements in multiple planes. During backswing, the thigh decelerates mainly due to a motion-dependent moment from the shank and, to a lesser extent, by activation of hip muscles. In turn, forward acceleration of the shank is accomplished through knee extensor moment as well as a motion-dependent moment from the thigh. The final speed, path and spin of the ball largely depend on the quality of foot-ball contact. Powerful kicks are achieved through a high foot velocity and coefficient of restitution. Preliminary data indicate that accurate kicks are achieved through slower kicking motion and ball speed values.
Issues on Series-Parallel Circuits and their Drives in the Linear Machine for Heavy Mass Energy Storage System (2019)

Abstract An energy storage system using a linear machine for lifting heavy mass to convert its potential energy to/from electricity has the following advantages 1) Environment friendliness; 2) Long life span; 3) Potential lower cost-to-life span ratio which tests human-beings patience to see. Such kind of system has rotor or mover and stator structure. For simplicity, the stator can take windings spreading from the bottom to top of interleaved stator structure with windings wound around it. The stator windings are formed by multiple strands of aluminium conductors in parallel to reduce ohmic losses, leading to higher efficiency. The rotor or mover is formed by multiple fundamental units which are reinforced by stainless steel or other reinforcement, each unit consisting of flat copper conductor sandwiched between magnetic materials through insulators. The copper conductor in each unit is joined at terminals either in series or in parallel. In this paper research is on the issues of having proper number of series and parallel circuits.