gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuregulin-1β promotes glucose uptake via PI3K/Akt in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (2016)

Nrg1β is critically involved in cardiac development and also maintains function of the adult heart. Studies conducted in animal models showed that it improves cardiac performance under a range of pathological conditions, which led to its introduction in clinical trials to treat heart failure. Recent work also implicated Nrg1β in the regenerative potential of neonatal and adult hearts. The molecular mechanisms whereby Nrg1β acts in cardiac cells are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Nrg1β on glucose uptake in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and investigated to what extent mTOR/Akt signaling pathways are implicated. We show that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes as efficiently as IGF-I and insulin. Nrg1β causes phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4 and rapidly induces the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr(861)), Akt (Thr(308) and Ser(473)), and its effector AS160 (Thr(642)). Knockdown of ErbB2 or ErbB4 reduces Akt phosphorylation and blocks the glucose uptake. The Akt inhibitor VIII and the PI3K inhibitors LY-294002 and Byl-719 abolish Nrg1β-induced phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Finally, specific mTORC2 inactivation after knockdown of rictor blocks the Nrg1β-induced increases in Akt-p-Ser(473) but does not modify AS160-p-Thr(642) or the glucose uptake responses to Nrg1β. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes via ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimers, PI3Kα, and Akt. Furthermore, although Nrg1β activates mTORC2, the resulting Akt-Ser(473) phosphorylation is not essential for glucose uptake induction. These new insights into pathways whereby Nrg1β regulates glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes may contribute to the understanding of its regenerative capacity and protective function in heart failure.
Rear junction laser doped solar cells on CZ n-type silicon (2009)

N-type silicon (Si) has been shown to have generally higher bulk lifetimes and far better post illumination performance stability compared to boron doped p-type materials of similar crystallographic quality. In particular, the high minority carrier diffusion lengths in n-type wafers makes the rear emitter n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> np <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> structure an attractive option, especially when incorporated with screen printing as a simple and cost effective way to create an Al-alloyed junction on the back surface. However, when screen printing is used to apply the front contacts, its wide metal lines and its requirement for a heavy Phosphorus-doped front surface significantly reduces the performance of this simple device with the latter limiting the blue wavelength response and surface passivation quality. Recently, the laser doping process has been shown capable of overcoming these major drawbacks due to its ability to produce a selective emitter. In this present work, an innovative application of the laser doping process in the fabrication of such rear Al-alloyed emitter n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> np <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> device enables an excellent energy conversion efficiency of 18.2% to be achieved on commercial grade n-type CZ wafers (148.6cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
In situ Study of the Crystallization from Amorphous to Cubic Zirconium Oxide:  Rietveld and Reverse Monte Carlo Analyses (2007)

The amorphous-to-cubic (a−c) crystallization of nanoZrO2 in a reducing environment was studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Rietveld analysis was performed to study the changes in crystallite size and lattice parameter as the cubic phase emerged. The pair distribution function (PDF) was obtained from the Fourier transformation of the normalized XRD patterns. A reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation was applied to provide details of the local structure during the crystallization process as well as to calculate partial PDFs of Zr−Zr and Zr−O during the crystallization. The number of Zr's next-nearest neighbors of Zr remains 12, whereas the number of O's as nearest neighbors of Zr increases from 6.7 to 7.3 as the material evolves from an amorphous into a cubic structure, suggesting the persistence of a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. These simulated atomic structures show that the local structure of the amorphous phase bears resemblance to the short-range arrangement of cubic ZrO2, consistent with the results of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at Zr LII and LIII. The amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation is affected by the environment. Under an oxidizing condition, the amorphous phase crystallizes directly to tetragonal and subsequently to monoclinic zirconia.
Efficient Nearest Neighbor Classification Using a Cascade of Approximate Similarity Measures (2005)

This paper proposes a method for efficient nearest neighbor classification in non-Euclidean spaces with computationally expensive similarity/distance measures. Efficient approximations of such measures are obtained using the BoostMap algorithm, which produces embeddings into a real vector space. A modification to the BoostMap algorithm is proposed, which uses an optimization cost that is more appropriate when our goal is classification accuracy as opposed to nearest neighbor retrieval accuracy. Using the modified algorithm, multiple approximate nearest neighbor classifiers are obtained, that provide a wide range of trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency. The approximations are automatically combined to form a cascade classifier, which applies the slower and more accurate approximations only to the hardest cases. The proposed method is experimentally evaluated in the domain of handwritten digit recognition using shape context matching. Results on the MNIST database indicate that a speed-up of two to three orders of magnitude is gained over brute force search, with minimal losses in classification accuracy.
Neural Networks and Brain Function (1997)

The aim of this book is to describe the types of computation that can be performed by biologically plausible neural networks, and to show how these may be implemented in different systems in the brain. The book is structured in three sections, each of which addresses a different need in the market. The first section introduces and describes the operation of several fundamental types of neural network. The second section describes real neural networks in several brain systems, and shows how it is becoming possible to construct theories about how some parts of the brain work; it also provides an indication of the different neuroscience and neurocomputation techniques that will need to be combined to ensure further rapid progress in understanding how parts of the brain work. The third section, a collection of appendices, introduces the more formal quantitative approaches to many of the networks described.
Some Issues in Constructing, Managing, and Using Large Qualitative Databases. (1994)

None
Application of the Pitting Resistance Equivalent Concept to Some Highly Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steels (1998)

The influence of alloying levels in the ranges from 0.01% to 0.5% N, 4.5% to 6% Mo, and 0.2% to 10% Mn on pitting corrosion resistance was investigated for austenitic stainless steels (SS) with a base composition of 20% Cr and 18% or 25% Ni. Results were analyzed in terms of the pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) concept, which relates pitting behavior to alloying content. The synergistically beneficial effect of molybdenum and nitrogen alloying was demonstrated, while the detrimental effect of manganese alloying was offset by higher attainable nitrogen content.
Gene expression of α1-6 fucosyltransferase in human hepatoma tissues: A possible implication for increased fucosylation of α-fetoprotein (1998)

The 1-6 fucosylated -fetoprotein (AFP) present in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been employed for the differential clinical diagnosis of HCC from chronic liver diseases. The molecular mechanism by which this alteration occurs, however, remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we purified GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide 1-6 fucosyltransferase (1-6 FucT), an enzyme involved in the 1-6 fucosylation of N-glycans from porcine brain, as well as from a human gastric cancer cell line, and cloned their genes. In this study, levels of 1-6 FucT mRNA expression and the activity of this enzyme for 12 human HCC tissues were examined and compared with that in surrounding tissues and normal livers. The mean +/- SD for 1-6 FucT activity was 78 +/- 41 pmol/h/mg in normal control liver, 202 +/- 127 pmol/h/mg in adjacent uninvolved liver tissues (chronic hepatitis: 181 +/- 106 pmol/h/mg; liver cirrhosis: 233 +/- 164 pmol/h/mg), and 195 +/- 72 pmol/h/mg in HCC tissues. The mRNA expression of 1-6 FucT was also enhanced in proportion to enzymatic activity except for a few cases, suggesting that 1-6 FucT expression is increased in chronic liver diseases, especially liver cirrhosis. Transfection of 1-6 FucT gene into cultured rat hepatocytes markedly increased 1-6 FucT activity and led to an increase in lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) binding proteins in both cell lysates and condition media. When the 1-6 FucT gene was transfected into a human HCC cell line, Hep3B, which originally showed low levels of 1-6 FucT expression, 1-6-fucosylated AFP was dramatically increased in the condition media. Collectively, these results suggest that the enhancement of 1-6 FucT expression increased the fucosylation of several proteins, including AFP, and that the level of 1-6-fucosylated AFP in patients with HCC was in part caused by up-regulation of the 1-6 FucT gene expression.
The trainable hearing aid (2006)

In Brief Instead of trying to adjust hearing aids to the various acoustic environments where the patient will use them, did you ever dream of a hearing aid that will learn by listening which settings the user prefers? Such an instrument may be here sooner than you think.
Fundamentals of Signal Processing for Phased Array Radar (2006)

This section gives a short survey of the principles and the terminology of phased array radar. Beamforming, radar detection and parameter estimation are described. The concept of subarrays and monopulse estimation with arbitrary subarrays is developed. As a preparation to adaptive beam forming, which is treated in several other sections, the topic of pattern shaping by deterministic weighting is presented in more detail.
Tension of Curd for Selected Lactic Cultures (1965)

Increases in titratable acidity and tension of curd were determined simultaneously during incubation of fast, slow, and soft commercial lactic cultures. By comparing ratios of increases in tension of the curd with increases in titratable acidity, differences were found that were not readily noticeable if only the increases in titratable acidity were compared. The typical soft characteristic was due to some inherent property of the culture rather than to rate of or tot'iI acid production.
Using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Delivery Decision Tool to Consider Transporting Medical Supplies via Drone (2019)

We developed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Delivery Decision Tool to help health system decision makers identify their transport challenges and explore the potential utility and impact of UAVs on the broader health system.
Providing access to the high-level content of line graphs from online popular media (2013)

This paper presents extensions to Interactive_SIGHT (Summarizing Information Graphics Textually), a system developed to provide sight-impaired individuals with access to information graphics present in multimodal documents from popular media. SIGHT is a Web-based tool that automatically recognizes the high-level knowledge of a graphic and generates natural language text, so screen readers are able to access it. Prior to this work, the SIGHT system was able to process and generate text only for simple bar charts. However, for graphics that are represented with lines and groups of bars, only the message recognition module has been developed. This work presents the steps that have been taken in order to construct a brief natural language summary that conveys the most important high-level content of single line graphs. It describes how the features of a line graph are identified and contextualized; how the content selection strategy was chosen and implemented; and how the propositions selected to convey the knowledge in the graphic are organized, allowing the discourse to be as clear and coherent as possible.
Cloning and expression of the pilin gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK in Escherichia coli (1986)

Many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa possess pili which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the organism. This report presents the cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the structural subunit of the pili of P. aeruginosa PAK. Total DNA from this strain was partially digested with Sau3A and inserted into the cloning vector pUC18. Recombinant E. coli clones were screened with oligonucleotide probes prepared from the constant region of the previously published amino acid sequence of the mature pilin subunit. Several positive clones were identified, and restriction maps were generated. Each clone contained an identical 1.1-kilobase HindIII fragment which hybridized to the oligonucleotide probes. Western blot analysis showed that all of the clones expressed small amounts of the P. aeruginosa pilin subunit, which has a molecular mass of ca. 18,000. This expression occurred independently of the orientation of the inserted DNA fragments in the cloning vector, indicating that synthesis was directed from an internal promoter. However, subclones containing the 1.1-kilobase HindIII fragment in a specific orientation produced an order of magnitude more of the pilin subunit. While the expressed pilin antigen was located in both the cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions of E. coli, none appeared to be polymerized into a pilus structure.
Altered Toll-Like Receptor 9 Responses in Circulating B Cells at the Onset of Extensive Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (2007)

B cells appear to play a role in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) as shown in murine models and the success of anti-CD20 B cell antibody treatment in humans. Recent studies have shown that immunostimulatory microbial CpG-DNA splenic responses were enhanced in murine GVHD. We hypothesized that CpG-induced B cell responses are increased in human cGVHD. Newly diagnosed cGVHD patients enrolled on the COG protocol ASCT0031 were divided into early (3-8 months postblood and marrow transplant [BMT]) and late (> or =9 months post-BMT) onset groups and compared to time-matched control BMT patients. A significantly greater percentage of phosphorothioate (PS)-modified CpG stimulated B cells from cGVHD patients demonstrated an increased expression of CD86 compared to controls (P = .0004). This response had a significant correlation between B cell TLR9 expression (r(2) = 0.65; P = .002) and CD86 upregulation using the entirely TLR9-dependent native phosphodiester CpG (P = .003). The PS-modified CpG response at 2 months after initiation of cGVHD therapy demonstrated a trend toward predicting therapeutic response at 9 months post-BMT (P = .07). These findings suggest that an increased number of B cells, primed for a TLR9 response, may play a role in the pathophysiology of cGVHD.
Structure of the S15,S6,S18-rRNA Complex: Assembly of the 30 <i>S</i> Ribosome Central Domain (2000)

The crystal structure of a 70-kilodalton ribonucleoprotein complex from the central domain of the Thermus thermophilus 30S ribosomal subunit was solved at 2.6 angstrom resolution. The complex consists of a 104-nucleotide RNA fragment composed of two three-helix junctions that lie at the end of a central helix, and the ribosomal proteins S15, S6, and S18. S15 binds the ribosomal RNA early in the assembly of the 30S ribosomal subunit, stabilizing a conformational reorganization of the two three-helix junctions that creates the RNA fold necessary for subsequent binding of S6 and S18. The structure of the complex demonstrates the central role of S15-induced reorganization of central domain RNA for the subsequent steps of ribosome assembly.
Nitrite-Derived Nitric Oxide Protects the Rat Kidney against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo (2007)

In normal conditions, nitric oxide (NO) is oxidized to the anion nitrite, but in hypoxia, this nitrite may be reduced back to NO by the nitrite reductase action of deoxygenated hemoglobin, acidic disproportionation, or xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). Herein, is investigated the effects of topical sodium nitrite administration in a rat model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats were subjected to 60 min of bilateral renal ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion in the absence or presence of sodium nitrite (30 nmol) administered topically 1 min before reperfusion. Serum creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of Na(+), and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations were measured. The nitrite-derived NO-generating capacity of renal tissue was determined under acidic and hypoxic conditions by ozone chemiluminescence in homogenates of kidneys that were subjected to sham, ischemia-only, and I/R conditions. Nitrite significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and injury, an effect that was abolished by previous treatment of rats with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl-3-oxide (2.5 mumol intravenously 5 min before ischemia and 50 nmol topically 6 min before reperfusion). Renal tissue homogenates produced significant amounts of NO from nitrite, an effect that was attenuated significantly by the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that topically administered sodium nitrite protects the rat kidney against I/R injury and dysfunction in vivo via the generation, in part, of xanthine oxidoreductase-catalyzed NO production. These observations suggest that nitrite therapy might prove beneficial in protecting kidney function and integrity during periods of I/R such as those encountered in renal transplantation.
Optical Recording Characteristics Of SeGe Thin Films At A = 488 nm (1989)

Optical recording characteristics of thin films of Set 100-xGex (where x is the weight percentage) are studied using an Ar+ laser at A = 488 nm. The variation of optical transmittance due to the laser illumination and the corresponding crystallization of the thin films are examined to provide an understanding of the variation of the microstructure in the thin films during the optical recording process. The laser-induced crystallization is associated with the growth of hexagonal selenium along one or several orientations. The diffraction efficiencies of real-time holographic gratings are measured during the writing process.
Texture and Electrical Conductivity Effects on Temperature Dependency in Time Domain Reflectometry (1998)

Abstract If not accounted for, temperature effects on the water content and electrical conductivity measured with time domain reflectometry (TDR) will introduce significant errors. In this study, an automated TDR system was used to quantify the temperature dependence of the apparent dielectric constant and electrical conductivity in wet soils. Sandy, clayey, and organic soils were used to examine the effect of soil texture. The temperature correction factor for water content measurements was predicted, by using different dielectric mixing models, to lie between −0.00253 and −0.00419θ°C ‐1 , the negative value of the temperature correction factor indicating a decrease in the water content measurements with increasing temperature. These values agreed well with the correction factor measured in sandy soils: −0.00269θ°C ‐1 . In soils with large specific surface, i.e., clayey and organic soils, however, the temperature dependence was significantly lower. Large specific surface combined with high soil solution electrical conductivity resulted in a positive correction factor, i.e., water content measurements increased with increases in temperature. The temperature dependence of the bulk electrical conductivity was investigated using different soils and soil solutions. The temperature dependence was close to that of the soil solution and was independent of soil texture.
About the influence of Line Edge Roughness on measured effective–CD (2011)

Various reports state that Line Edge/Width Roughness (LER/LWR) has a significant impact on the integrated circuits fabricated by means of lithography, hence there is a need to determine the LER in-line so that it never exceeds certain specified limits. In our work we deal with the challenge of measuring LER on 50 nm resist gratings using scatterometry. We show by simulation that there is a difference between LER and no-LER scatter signatures which first: depends on the polarization and second: is proportional to the amount of LER. Moreover, we show that the mentioned difference is very specific, that is - a grating with LER acts like a grating without LER but showing another width (CD, Critical Dimension), which we refer-to as effective-CD.
Avitene granulomas of colonic serosa. (1986)

Avitene, microfibrillar collagen hemostat, is an absorbable topical hemostatic agent prepared from purified bovine corium collagen. A case is reported of a 58-year-old man who, one month after sigmoid colectomy for volvulus in which Avitene as used to control bleeding from a splenic capsular tear, developed symptoms of intestinal obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy, the transverse and descending colon had numerous 0.1 to 2.0 cm nodules, adherent to the serosa of the bowel and mesentery, with kinking and partial obstruction of the splenic flexure. Light microscopically, the nodules were found to be composed of chronic inflammatory and granulomatous reaction with numerous deposits of eosinophilic fibrillar material consistent with Avitene. Electron microscopic examination of the lesions and of Avitene confirmed the nature of this material. The practical and pathobiological implications of utilization of Avitene as a hemostatic agent are discussed.
A Storage and Retrieval Technique for Scalable Delivery of MPEG-Encoded Video (1995)

Concurrent retrieval of continuous media from a physical storage device can be achieved by interleaving data and providing a suitable scheduling algorithm. Scheduling approaches that exploit gains from statistical multiplexing are susceptible to a nonzero probability of frame loss due to the variable-bit-rate characteristic of compressed video. With interframe encoding schemes (such as specified by the MPEG standard), the losses propagate, resulting in a net loss of frames that exceeds the fraction of lost data. In this paper, we describe a mechanism for the storage and retrieval of MPEG-encoded video from a single disk storage system. The scheme balances the need for the reliable delivery of MPEG frames with the desire to support the largest number of sessions. Our approach reorganizes the MPEG-encoded video stream based on the relative importance of the frames and maps them to the storage device geometry. The reorganization reduces the impact of frames lost due to missed deadlines and distributes the frame losses over time and among sessions. Simulation results show that the new approach improves performance when compared to conventional storage and scheduling schemes.