gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piperazine ring cleavage in the electron impact induced fragmentation of piperazine type phenothiazine antipsychotic agents (1983)

Following electron impact studies on the deuterated analogues of fluphenazine, prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine, a dominant fragmentation pathway can be rationalized, which is able to explain the genesis of the major ions formed from piperazine ring cleavage. These proposed pathways were substantiated by accurate mass measurements and daughter ion (B/E) metastable linked scanning, as well as electron impact studies on two model alkylpiperazines and their deuterated analogues.
Thresholding using an illumination model (2002)

Most grey-level thresholding methods produce good results in situations where the illumination gradient in the original raster image is regular and not too large. In other cases, such as a large linear change in illumination, a satisfactory bi-level image cannot be produced. If the object pixels can be identified in a variety of positions throughout the image, these can be used to construct a surface whose height is related to illumination at each pixel. This estimate can be used to produce a threshold for each pixel. The method described here uses the Shen-Castan edge detector to identify object pixels, and creates a surface using a moving least squares method that can be used to threshold the image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Miniature high performance fibre loop reflector (1991)

A miniature fibre loop reflector with an insertion loss less than 0.2 dB is reported. The loop consists of a tapered fibre bent to a diameter of 1.5 mm, and the device length is less than 10 cm.
Helicenes. Resolution on chiral charge-transfer complexing agents using high performance liquid chromatography (1976)

The ten known carbohelicenes were rapidly and completely resolved by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) on short columns containing the optically active charge transfer (C.T.) complexing agent 2-(2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneamino-oxy)propionic acid (TAPA) or its 2-butyric acid homologue (TABA).
Cross-protection of newly emerging HPAI H5 viruses by neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies: A viable alternative to oseltamivir (2016)

Newly emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8 and H5N9 viruses have been spreading in poultry and wild birds. The H5N6 viruses have also caused 10 human infections with 4 fatal cases in China. Here, we assessed the cross-neutralization and cross-protection of human and mouse monoclonal antibodies against 2 viruses: a HPAI H5N8 virus, A/chicken/Netherlands/14015526/2014 (NE14) and a HPAI H5N6 virus, A/Sichuan/26221/2014 (SC14). The former was isolated from an infected chicken in Netherlands in 2014 and the latter was isolated from an infected human patient in Sichuan, China. We show that antibodies FLA5.10, FLD21.140, 100F4 and 65C6, but not AVFluIgG01, AVFluIgG03, S139/1 and the VRC01 control, potently cross-neutralize the H5N8 NE14 and H5N6 SC14 viruses. Furthermore, we show that a single injection of >1 mg/kg of antibody 100F4 at 4 hours before, or 20 mg/kg antibody 100F4 at 72 hours after, a lethal dose of H5N8 NE14 enables mice to withstand the infection. Finally, we show that a single injection of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg antibody 100F4 prophylactically or 10 mg/kg 100F4 therapeutically outperforms a 5-day course of 10 mg/kg/day oseltamivir treatment against lethal H5N8 NE14 or H5N6 SC14 infection in mice. Our results suggest that further preclinical evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies against newly emerging H5 viruses is warranted.
Hybrid Maximum Likelihood Modulation Classification Using Multiple Radios (2013)

In this paper, we focus on amplitude-phase modulations and propose a modulation classification framework based on centralized data fusion using multiple radios and the hybrid maximum likelihood (ML) approach. In order to alleviate the computational complexity associated with ML estimation, we adopt the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Due to SNR diversity, the proposed multi-radio framework provides robustness to channel SNR. Numerical results show the superiority of the proposed approach with respect to single radio approaches as well as to modulation classifiers using moments based estimators.
Vacuum-supported endoscopic access. (1995)

The rapid increase in the number of endoscopic operations performed has resulted in a corresponding rise in the incidence of severe complications. This issue has generated widespread concern at recent congresses. It is now indisputable that safer access to the abdominal cavity is required. We have developed a technique of vacuum-supported visual access which allows the surgeon to anticipate dangerous sites of access and avoid injuries to internal organs or retroperitoneal blood vessels. The procedure has two major advantages: Firstly, a pre-peritoneal approach allows the surgeon to visualise the structures behind the peritoneum, and secondly, puncture of the insufflation-needle is facilitated and the depth of insertion is minimised. The underlying principle is to use negative pressure to elevate the peritoneum. Using this approach, the principles of open surgery are adhered to during abdominal access, thereby avoiding visceral injury.
Numerical analysis of the propagation characteristics of multiangle multislot coaxial cable using moment method (1998)

In this paper, multiangle multislot coaxial cable is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This is the extended result of the previous studies of the single-slot coaxial cable. The properties of this cable have been studied by many authors, especially for the surface-wave type. However, the slotted coaxial cable utilizing leaky waves has not been treated rigorously despite its wide use. In this paper, a numerical analysis of a leaky coaxial cable with a multiangle multislot configuration is performed to obtain many useful results, which are impossible to derive employing the approximate model frequently used in this area. Using the moment method, the propagation constant has been obtained for the leaky coaxial cable as a function of various parameters. Several slot configurations are considered to give insight into the properties of coupling loss and transmission loss complicated by simultaneous existence of leaky and surface waves.
Ligand Binding to Heme Proteins: The Effect of Light on Ligand Binding in Myoglobin (1994)

Extended illumination slows the rebinding of CO to myoglobin after photodissociation at cryogenic temperatures. Two types of models have been put forward to explain the effect: motions of the CO within the heme pocket or conformational transitions of the protein. To resolve this ambiguity, we have studied the effect of extended illumination on ligand binding to horse and sperm whale myoglobin (hMb and swMb) with temperature-derivative spectroscopy, monitoring the reaction in the CO stretch bands in the infrared and the conformation-sensitive band III near 760 nm. The experiments show that the stretch frequency of the photodissociated CO does not change upon illumination, implying that the slowing of the CO rebinding is caused by conformational relaxation of Mb from the bound state toward the deoxy structure. The light-induced relaxation (LIR) depends on the number of photons absorbed but not on the light intensity or duration separately. LIR occurs on photon absorption in either the bound or photodissociated state and depends on the temperature at which the MbCO is illuminated. The LIR proceeds in jumps through a small number of conformational substates. The effective barrier for rebinding increases with each step. The substates populated are similar to those found in the thermally-induced relaxation (TIR) that is observed above 160 K. LIR depends markedly on the structural details; it differs for swMbCO and hMbCO and even for the three A substates of swMbCO. Pronounced differences exist between the effects in MbCO and MbO2. The similarity of LIR and TIR leads to a revised model for ligand binding to swMbCO and hMbCO, in which the relaxation is crucial for the escape of the ligand from the pocket, as was first suggested by Friedman [Friedman, J. M. (1985) Science 228, 1273-1280].
LiTaO3 crystal periodically poled by applying an external pulsed field (1995)

A method of periodically poling LiTaO3 single crystal at room temperature by applying an external pulsed field is proposed. The relationship between the growth of inverted domains and switching current as well as switching time has been studied. The growth of inverted domains can be controlled by the duration of the pulsed field. The domain structure with period Λ≳8 μm has been fabricated in a 0.3-mm-thick plate of LiTaO3 by partial switching.
Neurogenesis and Glial Proliferation Persist for at Least One Year in the Subventricular Zone Following Brain Trauma in Rats (2003)

In several models of traumatic brain injury in rodents, remarkably progressive tissue loss and neuron death has been observed accompanied by expanding ventricles. Here, we explored potential cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in response to this progressive posttraumatic neurodegeneration. Four-month-old rats (n = 57) were subjected to parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury or sham treatment (no injury), and their brains were harvested at 2 weeks, 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year (n = 6-8/group) after injury or sham treatment. Brain sections (6 microm) were stained with markers of cell proliferation, Ki-67, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to detect mitotically active cells. In sham animals, we found a typical age-dependent decrease in Ki-67- and PCNA-labelled cells in the SVZ over the course of 1 year. However, in brain-injured animals, this decrease was reversed culminating in a sixfold increase in the number of cells staining with Ki-67 and a threefold increase in cells staining with PCNA by 1 year following injury compared to age-matched controls. Using double labeling, we also determined that many of the cells staining with Ki-67 or PCNA expressed markers selective for neurons (neurofilament protein) and glia (GFAP). These data suggest that there is a persistent proliferation of neurons and glia in the SVZ following brain trauma that does not diminish during aging as found in non-injured animals.
Electro-optical Tuning of Fabry-Perot Interferometers (1986)

Compact unit operates much faster than conventional piezoelectric scanners. High voltage creates electric field in Pockels cell, changing refractive properties. Cell changes optical path length between mirrors without mechanically moving anything in gap. High voltage varied rapidly to scan interferometer. Voltage applied longitudinally or transversely, depending on type of Pockels cell. New electro-optic scanner scans given range in one-millionth time of piezoelectric scanner - tens to hundreds of nanoseconds per interferometer order. Also reducing size of interferometer.
Mapping of Antibody Epitopes on the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleoprotein (2022)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a nairovirus, is a tick-borne zoonotic virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. The CCHFV nucleoprotein (NP) is the antigen most used for serological screening of CCHFV infection in animals and humans. To gain insights into antibody epitopes on the NP molecule, we produced recombinant chimeric NPs between CCHFV and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV), which is another nairovirus, and tested rabbit and mouse antisera/immune ascites, anti-NP monoclonal antibodies, and CCHFV-infected animal/human sera for their reactivities to the NP antigens. We found that the amino acids at positions 161-320 might include dominant epitopes recognized by anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies, whereas cross-reactivity between anti-CCHFV and anti-NSDV antibodies was limited. Their binding capacities were further tested using a series of synthetic peptides whose sequences were derived from CCHFV NP. IgG antibodies in CCHFV-infected monkeys and patients were reactive to some of the synthetic peptide antigens (e.g., amino acid residues at positions 131-150 and 211-230). Only a few peptides were recognized by IgG antibodies in the anti-NSDV serum. These results provide useful information to improve NP-based antibody detection assays as well as antigen detection tests relying on anti-NP monoclonal antibodies.
Acute flaccid myelitis and enterovirus D68 (2017)

In 2012, illnesses presenting with acute flaccid paralysis were reported in the United States—over 150 cases between 2012 and 2015—with a clinical picture of a prodromal illness followed by rapid onset of weakness and cranial nerve dysfunction in association with CSF pleocytosis and elevated protein level. MRI showed abnormal spinal cord gray matter signal. Treatment with IV immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, steroids, and antiviral agents had no effect on the natural history of what was named acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Epidemiologic analysis later showed an association with an enterovirus D68, which was grouped into a recently emerged Clade B1 strain. This virus caused a respiratory illness and was identified in respiratory and gastrointestinal samples.1–3
Spinal Delivery and Assessment of Drug Safety (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Spinal Drug Delivery Factors Affecting the Actions of Intrathecal Agents Preclinical Assessment of the Toxicology of Intrathecal Agents Some Organizing Principles for Robust Preclinical Evaluations of Spinal Drug Safety Summary References
A randomized and placebo-controlled study to compare the skin-lightening efficacy and safety of lignin peroxidase cream vs. 2% hydroquinone cream (2011)

The application of day/night LIP cream provided a significantly more rapid and observable skin-lightening effect than hydroquinone 2% cream or placebo.
Signals in Social Supernets (2007)

Social network sites (SNSs) provide a new way to organize and navigate an egocentric social network. Are they a fad, briefly popular but ultimately useless? Or are they the harbingers of a new and more powerful social world, where the ability to maintain an immense network—a social "supernet"—fundamentally changes the scale of human society? This article presents signaling theory as a conceptual framework with which to assess the transformative potential of SNSs and to guide their design to make them into more effective social tools. It shows how the costs associated with adding friends and evaluating profiles affect the reliability of users' self-presentation; examines strategies such as information fashion and risk-taking; and shows how these costs and strategies affect how the publicly-displayed social network aids the establishment of trust, identity, and cooperation—the essential foundations for an expanded social world.
Generation and characterization of chicken egg yolk antibodies against propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of acne vulgaris (2012)

The findings indicate that anti-acne IgY is worth utilizing as a preventive agent for acne vulgaris.
The Tumor Antigen Repertoire Identified in Tumor-Bearing <i>Neu</i> Transgenic Mice Predicts Human Tumor Antigens (2006)

FVB/N mice transgenic for nontransforming rat neu develop spontaneous breast cancers that are neu positive and estrogen receptor negative, mimicking premenopausal human breast cancer. These animals have been widely used as a model for immunobased therapies targeting HER-2/neu. In this study, we used serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries to characterize the antigenic repertoire of neu transgenic (neu-tg) mice and questioned the ability of this murine model to predict potential human tumor antigens. After screening 3 x 10(6) clones from 3 different cDNA libraries, 15 tumor antigens were identified, including cytokeratin 2-8, glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase, complement C3, galectin 8, and serine/threonine-rich protein kinase 1. Multiple proteins involved in the Rho/Rho-associated, coiled coil-containing protein kinase (Rock) signal transduction pathway were found to be immunogenic, including Rock1, Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2, and schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen preparation 70. All of the identified antigens are self-proteins that are expressed in normal tissues in addition to breast tumors and the majority of the antigens are intracellular proteins. More than half of the mouse tumor antigens have human homologues that have been reported previously as tumor antigens. Finally, the tumor-specific antibody immunity and marked immune cell infiltration that was observed in mice with spontaneous tumors were not observed in mice with transplanted tumors. Our results indicate that neu-tg mice bearing spontaneous tumors develop humoral immunity to their tumors similar to cancer patients and that tumor antigens identified in transgenic mouse may predict immunogenic human homologues.
Behavioral Responses and Mortality in German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) After Exposure to Dishwashing Liquid (2002)

Behavioral responses and mortality of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), after exposure to solutions of common household dishwashing liquid diluted in tap water without other known insecticidal active ingredients are described. Soap solutions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0% were tested on first and second instars, fifth and sixth instars, and adults. Cockroaches were treated individually or in groups. Behavioral observations after treatment included an immediate knockdown period, an awakening and a struggle period, an unresponsive period, and either death or recovery between 30 min and 18 h after treatment. Probit analysis gave an excellent fit of unresponsive rates 18 h after treatment with the various soap concentrations, and LD50 and LD99 values were calculated to be 0.4 and 3.0% soap, respectively. Adult females were the most difficult to kill, but at soap concentrations of 1% or higher, 95% or greater unresponsiveness and death occurred. Soap concentrations of 3% or greater resulted in 100% unresponsiveness after 3 min, and eventually resulted in 100% mortality within 72 h for all adults and nymphs treated. Observations on the mode and site of action for soap are consistent with the blockage of spiracles and/or tracheae that results in asphyxiation and death. Future investigations into the efficacy of soaps against other arthropod groups are warranted and may be beneficial in certain situations.
A distributed admission control model for QoS assurance in large-scale media delivery systems (2005)

Conventional admission control models incur some performance penalty. First, admission control computation can overload a server that is already heavily loaded. Also, in large-scale media systems with geographically distributed server clusters, performing admission control on each cluster can result in long response latency, if the client request is denied at one site and has to be forwarded to another site. Furthermore, in prefix caching, initial frames cached at the proxy are delivered to the client before the admission decisions are made. If the media server is heavily loaded and, finally, has to deny the client request, forwarding a large number of initial frames is a waste of critical network resources. In this paper, a novel distributed admission control model is presented. We make use of proxy servers to perform the admission control tasks. Each proxy hosts an agent to coordinate the effort. Agents reserve media server's disk bandwidth and make admission decisions autonomously based on the allocated disk bandwidth. We develop an effective game theoretic framework to achieve fairness in the bandwidth allocation among the agents. To improve the overall bandwidth utilization, we also consider an aggressive admission control policy where each agent may admit more requests than its allocated bandwidth allows. The distributed admission control approach provides the solution to the stated problems incurred in conventional admission control models. Experimental studies show that our algorithms significantly reduce the response latency and the media server load.
The effects of media interactivity on mood regulation: An experimental study (2008)

© 2018 American Communication Association. The purposes of the study were to examine the potential of video games as mood changing tools, and to compare the effects of interactive media to mood and enjoyment with those of traditional media. Mood management theory was employed as a theoretical framework. Specifically, since interactive media require more cognitive intervention, this manuscript predicted 1) video games would enhance mood among members of the bad mood condition better than members of the good mood condition, and 2) video game would be more effective than DVD clips to change bad mood. A factorial design with two mood conditions (good vs. bad), media condition (video game vs. DVD clip) and time (pre- vs. post-media exposure) was employed to examine the predictions. It was found that video games were effective in changing mood. In a cross-medium setting, the expected mood and media interaction effect was not observed. However, when video game skill was used as one of the factors, mood management expectations were partially supported.
Advantages of Clonal Forestry (1984)

This article outlines and discusses the advantages of clonal forestry that were identified at the 1983 Canadian Tree Improvement Association Conference. Key Words: Breeding, Deployment, Diversity, Genetic correlation, Genetic gain, Hybrids, Inbreeding, Maturation state, Photosynthate allocation, Production efficiency, Silviculture, Site specificity
Solid waste treatment technology (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid waste treatment technologyAlex HershaftCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6, 5, 412–421Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/es60064a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views782Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The World of Scripting Languages (2000)

From the Publisher:
A comprehensive guide to the wide range of scripting languages and their applications
Offering power and flexibility, scripting languages are being used more and more by programmers when developing graphical user interfaces. Providing an in-depth look at these scripting languages, this book illustrates their use in a wide variety of application domains. The author explores the hottest languages being used on the Web and in software such as Microsoft Office. These languages include Perl V, Tcl, World Basic, Java Script, Visual Basic, and VB Script. Also discussed are object architectures such as COM, OLE, and ActiveX, and how they rely on scripting.