gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies in the Pyrrole Series. I. The Preparation of Certain N-Methyl Pyrroles<sup>1</sup> (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Pyrrole Series. I. The Preparation of Certain N-Methyl Pyrroles1Alsoph H. Corwin and Wm. M. Quattlebaum Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 7, 1081–1085Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01298a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01298a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Realization of a variable aperture diaphragm working in ultra high vacuum (1984)

An adjustable iris has been developed to operate in the 10−10-Torr vacuum environment of a storage ring. It was baked out at 300°C and has been used more than 100 times. Measurements have been carried out using the spontaneous emission of an undulator set on the storage ring. They show that the iris could be centered and adjusted accurately from outside the vacuum chamber and used as a mode selector for free electron lasers.
Empirical Bayes for Learning to Learn (2000)

We present a new model for studying multitask learning, linking theoretical results to practical simulations. In our model all tasks are combined in a single feedforward neural network. Learning is implemented in a Bayesian fashion. In this Bayesian framework the hidden-to-output weights, being specific to each task, play the role of model parameters. The input-to-hidden weights, which are shared between all tasks, are treated as hyperparameters. Other hyperparameters describe error variance and correlations and priors for the model parameters. An important feature of our model is that the probability of these hyperparameters given the data can be computed explicitely and only depends on a set of sufficient statistics. None of these statistics scales with the number of tasks or patterns, which makes empirical Bayes for multitask learning a relatively straightforward optimization problem. Simulations on real-world data sets on single-copy newspaper and magazine sal...
Multiple successive immunoprinting: A fast blotting technique of a single agarose isoelectric focusing gel (1990)

Multiple successive pressure blottings of a single agarose isoelectric focusing gel were performed on normal and CNBr-activated nitrocellulose (NC) filters. The results obtained by multiple successive 10s immunoprints were compared to those obtained by a single 10 min immunoprint. To quantify the transfer efficiency of these techniques, a defined amount of radioactive material was separated by isoelectric focusing on agarose gel. After separation and pressure blottings of the gel the NC filters were submitted to autoradiography. The amount of radioactive material bound to the NC filters was determined by scintillation technique. The single 10 min pressure blot was more efficient than each of the multiple successive 10s prints. However, the latter procedure allowed equal resolution and resulted in a higher recovery of total radioactivity than the single immunoprint technique. The aim of this paper is to show how to obtain highly reproducible prints of electrophoretic patterns in an agarose gel of heterogeneous samples when accurate multiple immunodetections are to be performed. This technique was tested to characterize the grass pollen specific immunoglobulin classes and subclasses from an allergic patient.
Internalin A can mediate phagocytosis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> by mouse macrophage cell lines (1996)

Listeria monocytogenes internalin A (InlA) is a surface protein that mediates the attachment of Listeria to, and invasion of, hepatocytes, epithelial, and endothelial cells. In this study, we tested whether InlA could also mediate phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes by the non-listericidal mouse macrophage cell lines J774A.1 and H36.12j. Recombinant InlA (rInlA) was used to derive mouse monoclonal anti-InlA antibodies (mAb) and rabbit anti-InlA antibodies. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that these anti-InlA antibodies reacted with wild-type L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, and L. innocua+, a mutant transformed with the inlAB operon that expresses surface InlA but failed to react with Bug 8, an InlA/InlB-negative transposon mutant of L. monocytogenes or with noninvasive Listeria sp. Fluorescence microscopy, radiolabeling, and flow cytometry showed that rInlA bound specifically to both macrophage cell lines. Incubation of macrophages and wild-type L. monocytogenes in the presence of rInlA or pretreatment of Listeria with anti-InlA antibodies specifically inhibited, by at least 50%, the phagocytosis of Listeria by both of these cells. By comparison, treatment with these reagents failed to affect the phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes by either macrophage cell line nor did these reagents alter the ability of macrophages to internalize wild-type L. monocytogenes. We found that Bug 8, but not wild-type L. monocytogenes, failed to grow within both of these non-listericidal macrophage cell lines. In contrast to infection by wild-type L. monocytogenes, Bug 8 was rapidly eliminated from the spleens of both C57Bl/6 and DBA/2 mice. Data presented here show that only invasive Listeria sp. have surface InlA and that L. monocytogenes can enter non-listericidal macrophage cell lines by binding of bacterial InlA to the macrophage cell surface.
“Single Mothers: The First Year” by Angela Hopkinson, Scottish Council for Single Parents (1976) pp. 253 (1977)

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Human Amniotic Cell Sheet Harvest Using a Novel Temperature-Responsive Culture Surface Coated with Protein-Based Polymer (2006)

Human amniotic epithelial (hAE) and mesenchymal (hAM) cells are believed to have the potential to differentiate into various functional cells, such as neurons, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and pancreatic beta cells. However, cell transplantation has been performed by injection of cell suspensions, and thus it is difficult to control shape, size, location, and functions of differentiated cells. To overcome these problems, we developed a novel temperature-responsive culture surface coated with elastic protein-based polymer. By reducing the temperature using a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, the primary hAE and hAM cell sheet can detach from the coated surface. The recovered cell sheet can be transferred and can re-adhere and re-proliferate on another surface. This represents the first report of harvesting of primary hAE and hAM cell sheets using the novel temperature- responsive polymer. These findings suggest that this new technique of cell sheet detachment from noncytotoxic, highly biocompatible protein-based polymer-coated surfaces may be useful in tissue engineering, as well as in the investigation of hAE and hAM cell sheets for transplantation.
A practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of acute sinusitis. (1997)

The recommendations are based on consensus of Canadian and American experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, otolaryngology and family medicine. The guidelines were reviewed independently for the advisory committee by 2 external experts. Previous guidelines did not exist in Canada.
The narrow pass band filter of tunable 1D phononic crystals with a dielectric elastomer layer (2008)

In this paper, we study the defect bands of a 1D phononic crystal consisting of aluminum (Al) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layers with a dielectric elastomer (DE) defect layer. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method and supercell calculation are used to calculate the band structure and the defect bands. The transmission spectra are obtained using the finite element method (FEM). Since the thickness of the dielectric elastomer defect layer is controlled by applying an electric voltage, the frequencies of the defect bands can be tuned. A narrow pass band filter can be developed and designed by using the dielectric elastomer.
Effect of Spirulina Intervention on Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, and Lipid Profile in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients (2015)

All targeted blood parameters have significant difference (P = 0.000) between COPD patients and controls except triglyceride (TG). Spirulina intake for 30 and 60 days at (500 × 2) mg dose has significantly reduced serum content of MDA, lipid hydroperoxide, and cholesterol (P = 0.000) while increasing GSH, Vit C level (P = 0.000), and the activity of SOD (P = 0.000) and GST (P = 0.038). At the same time, spirulina intake for 30 and 60 days at (500 × 4) mg dose has favorable significant effect (P = 0.000) on all targeted blood parameters except for HDL (P = 0.163).
Achieving Optimal Misclassification Proportion in Stochastic Block Models (2017)

Community detection is a fundamental statistical problem in network data analysis. In this paper, we present a polynomial time two-stage method that provably achieves optimal statistical performanc...
Experimental model for low level laser therapy on ischemic random skin flap in rats (2006)

The experimental model proved to be reliable to be used in the study of effects of low level laser therapy in random skin flap in rats.
Thioalkylated tetraethylene glycol: a new ligand for water soluble monolayer protected gold clusters (2002)

Ligand-stabilised, water-soluble gold nanoparticles of two different size ranges (2-4 and 5-8 nm) are readily prepared using monohydroxy (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl) tetraethylene glycol as a novel capping agent. These nanoparticles are as stable as alkylthiol-capped monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) and do not aggregate from aqueous solution under a wide range of stringent conditions. It is expected that this new material will be useful for a number of bio-analytical applications.
Characterization of the execution phase of apoptosis in vitro using extracts from condemned-phase cells (1995)

Apoptotic cell death is characterized by a dramatic morphological transformation during which apparently healthy cells suddenly initiate a comprehensive program of motility changes and degradative activities that culminates in disassembly of the cell into membrane-enclosed vesicles. The mechanism of the cellular changes during this spectacular execution phase of apoptosis is just now yielding to biochemical analysis. In our laboratory, we have applied a novel in vitro system to the study of these events. In this system, nuclei isolated from healthy cells undergo the characteristic changes of apoptosis rapidly and synchronously. Using this system we have identified the first substrates for interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteinases during apoptotic execution. One of these, the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase is cleaved very early in the apoptotic process. A second class of proteins, the nuclear lamins, is cleaved later in the pathway. Lamin cleavage requires a second ICE-related proteinase, and is essential for the complete dissolution of nuclei into apoptotic bodies. Studies with our cell-free extracts reveal that the various proteinases and nucleases that operate during the execution phase of apoptosis do so largely in independent parallel biochemical pathways. However, all of these pathways require the action of ICE-related proteinases for their initiation.
Symbolic Stochastic Chase Decoding of Reed-Solomon and BCH Codes (2017)

This paper proposes the Symbolic-Stochastic Chase Decoding Algorithm (S-SCA) for the Reed-Solomon (RS) and BCH codes. By efficient usage of void space between constellation points for $q$-ary modulations and using soft information at the input of the decoder, the S-SCA is capable of outperforming conventional Symbolic-Chase algorithm (S-CA) with less computational cost. Since the S-SCA starts with the randomized generation of likely test-vectors, it reduces the complexity to polynomial order and also it does not need to find the least reliable symbols to generate test-vectors. Our simulation results show that by increasing the number of test-vectors, the performance of the algorithm can approach the ML bound. The S-SCA($1K$) provides near $2$ dB gain in comparison with S-CA($1K$) for $(31, 25)$ RS code using $32$-QAM. Furthermore, the algorithm provides near $3$ dB further gain with $1K$ iteration compared with S-CA($65K$) when $(255, 239)$ RS code is used in an AWGN channel. For the Rayleigh fading channel and the same code, the algorithm provides more that $5$ dB gain. Also for $(63, 57)$ BCH codes and $8$-PSK modulation the proposed algorithm provides $3$dB gain with less complexity. This decoder is Soft-Input Soft-Output (SISO) decoder and is highly attractive in low power applications. Finally, the Symbolic-Search Bitwise-Transmission Stochastic Chase Algorithm (SSBT-SCA) was introduced for RS codes over BPSK transmission that is capable of generating symbolic test-vectors that reduce complexity and mitigate burst errors.
Design of a reluctance accelerator (1991)

The design of a reluctance accelerator is described, and the methods used in its design are discussed. The methods of control of the accelerator and its predicted performance are also discussed. Because this device contains iron, and is therefore very nonlinear, it was necessary to use a finite element (FEA) code (TEXMAP) in order to determine the forces developed by the accelerator and to determine the inductance of the windings at various stroke positions. Results of the analysis show that the true performance of a reluctance launcher varies considerable from that predicted by classical closed-form flux analysis. It is shown that although the reluctance accelerator has some limitations in maximum force for a given bore area, predicted efficiency is relatively good when compared with air-core induction machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Melting Relations of the Common Rock‐Forming Oxides (1957)

Geological science is concerned with the nature of the materials of the earth and particularly with the processes by which earth materials have been changed and modified. Laboratory studies of the melting behavior of the common rock‐forming oxides have been an important adjunct to the observations of the field geologist. For the past fifty years investigators at the Geophysical Laboratory have been obtaining quantitative information on the melting relations of many of the important rock‐forming minerals. These studies of the fundamental chemistry of igneous and metamorphic rocks have yielded much information of value to ceramists, metallurgists, and mineral technologists. This paper summarizes the most important phase‐equilibrium studies of unary, binary, ternary, quaternary, and portions of quinary systems of the common rock‐forming oxides‐SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, Na 2 O, and K 2 O.
Carnosine Synthesis in Olfactory Tissue During Ontogeny: Effect of Exogenous β‐Alanine (1985)

Carnosine has now been demonstrated by chemical analysis to be present in rat olfactory mucosa on day 16 of gestation. The tissue content of this dipeptide then increases progressively during fetal and postnatal life. Radioactive carnosine can be isolated from cultured embryonic rat olfactory mucosa incubated with [14C]beta-alanine as early as 13-14 days of gestation. The amount of incorporation also increases progressively with the initial age of the explant and with time in culture indicating in vitro maturation of the carnosine synthesis capability of olfactory tissue. To test whether the level of beta-alanine was limiting the synthesis of carnosine, we evaluated the effect of elevated beta-alanine levels on tissue carnosine content. Exogenous beta-alanine caused an increase in the tissue content of carnosine at several ages in vivo and in vitro. In adult animals this increase was observed in olfactory bulb, olfactory mucosa, and skeletal muscle. However, there was no associated alteration in carnosine synthetase activity. In addition, the different half-lives of carnosine in olfactory tissue and muscle seemed unaltered, arguing against any effect on degradative enzymes. Thus, tissue carnosine levels are regulated, at least in part, by substrate availability. The early appearance of carnosine synthetic capacity during prenatal development indicates that this enzyme activity should be a valuable aid in studying early events in olfactory neuron maturation.
Using patterned H-resist for controlled three-dimensional growth of nanostructures (2011)

We present a study addressing the effectiveness of a monolayer of hydrogen as the lithographic resist for controlled three-dimensional (3D) growth of nanostructures on the Si(100) surface. Nanoscale regions on the H-terminated Si(100) were defined by H-desorption lithography via the biased tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to create well-defined regions of surface “dangling bonds,” and the growth of 3D nanostructures within these regions was achieved using a simultaneous disilane deposition and STM H-desorption technique. We demonstrate that 3D growth is strongly confined within STM depassivated regions while unpatterned H:Si(100) regions are robust against adsorption of the precursor molecules.
Thermally Conductive (TC) Plastics in LED Lamps (2010)

In section 1, an assessment is made of the typical thermal conductivities attainable in a TC-plastic followed by an examination of the trade-off between increased thermal conductivity and decreased toughness caused by increasing filler load of such a TC-plastic. Having established that currently there is a ceiling conductivity of around 25 W/mK for TC-plastics, i.e., well below the 100 W/mK TC level of metals, subsequently a basic analysis is provided on the suitability of materials with such moderate TC-levels in metal replacement. For this purpose, the ideal case of a unidirectional (1D) heat flow is considered in section 2, in section 3, a more complex case of a bidirectional heat flow is analyzed. Finally, section 4 considers the thermal performance of TC-plastics in a real 3D part, i.e., the heat sink housing of an LED lamp. More specifically, a comparison is made between the thermal performance of the housing molded in a heat conductive plastic and that of an all-aluminum housing. This comparison clearly demonstrates general validity and practical value of the conclusions drawn in sections 2 and 3 and highlights the outstanding suitability of TC-plastics for heat sinks in lighting applications. High performances STANYL TC in particular.
Ultrafast Studies of Photoexcited Electron Dynamics in γ- and α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Semiconductor Nanoparticles (1998)

The ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited electrons in the semiconductor iron oxides, γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3, have been measured using femtosecond laser spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy shows the γ-Fe2O3 particles are spherical, with 1−2 nm average diameter, and the α-Fe2O3 are spindle-shaped, with average dimensions of 1 × 5 nm. Static electronic absorption measurements of the colloids suggest that they may be in the quantum confined regime. Steady-state emission measurements show that the <400 nm direct transitions are moderately emissive, but the indirect transitions in the visible do not produce measurable emission. The ultrafast transient absorption decay profiles measured for the γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 samples synthesized in our lab as well as a commercial sample of γ-Fe2O3 are the same and are fit best with three exponentials with 0.36, 4.2, and 67 ps time constants. The decay profiles are independent of pump power, probe wavelength, and pH and were not affected by lattice doping with other metals or surface adsorbates for the cases studied. This fast overall decay, in conjunction with very weak fluorescence, suggests extremely efficient nonradiative relaxation, possibly related to the dense band structure, a high density of trap states, or simply strong coupling between trap states. The fast relaxation of photoexcited electrons in the conduction band and trap states is consistent with the low photocurrent efficiency of typical Fe2O3 electrodes.
Effects of season of burn on shrub survival, regeneration and structure in the Natal Drakensberg (1985)

Abstract Four shrub species which tend to invade unburnt grassland were studied in field‐burning trials at Cathedral Peak in the Natal Drakensberg. Results showed that neither hot winter burns, nor cool summer burns, affected the ability of Buddleia salviifolia, Leucosidea sericea, Widdringtonia nodiflora or Philippia evansii to survive fire. The first three species resprouted following damage to their shoot systems. The winter burns damaged more canopy, resulting in proportionally more basal resprouting and higher net gains in new stems. Summer burns, on the other hand, resulted in proportionally more defoliated stems developing aerial resprouts. P. evansii, in contrast, was sensitive to fire and the species regenerated from seed, with larger recruitment of seedlings following winter than summer burns. Season of burn was shown to be important insofar as it affected shrub structure and the nature and amount of regeneration. Management objectives would therefore influence the way in which fire is used in these shrublands.
Dynamic Output Feedback for Discrete-Time Systems Under Amplitude and Rate Actuator Constraints (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This work proposes a technique for the design of stabilizing dynamic output feedback controllers for discrete-time linear systems with rate and amplitude saturating actuators. The nonlinear effects introduced by the saturations in the closed-loop system are taken into account by using a generalized sector condition, which leads to theoretical conditions for solving the problem directly in the form of linear matrix inequalities. </para>