gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. an indigenous medicinal plant against some human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. (2011)

The present investigation evaluates the antimicrobial activity of six different solvent exts. and isolated constituents of leaves of Albizia amara against a total of 21 microorganisms which consisted of seven human pathogenic bacteria, a phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris (NCIM 2954) and thirteen seed-​borne phytopathogenic fungi. Our result showed that, among the six solvent exts. tested, the chloroform ext. showed a higher antibacterial and antifungal activity followed by methanol, ethanol and hydro-​methanolic exts. resp. The chloroform, methanol and ethanol exts. exhibited antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 5.25 to 23.75, 6.25 to 23.25 and 7.25 to 22.7 mm resp. at 1mg​/mL concn. The minimal inhibitory concn. (MIC) of the chloroform ext. ranged from 15μg​/mL to 500μg​/mL depending upon bacterial species. The most susceptible organism in the present investigation was Streptococcus faecalis (NCIM 5025)​, while the most resistant was Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027)​. Highest antifungal activity was obsd. in chloroform ext. followed by methanol ext. with percent of inhibition ranging from 30​% to 77.4​% and 17.4​% to 71.7​% resp. The IC50 value of chloroform ext. ranged from 0.5mg​/mL to 5.0mg​/mL depending upon fungal species. Among the tested fungi, Fusarium lateratum was highly sensitive and Aspergillus flavus was least sensitive. Chloroform ext. was subsequently fractionated and monitored for antibacterial activity guided assay leading to the isolation of active fraction and was confirmed as alkaloid by further phytochem. anal. The present study thus confirms antimicrobial property of A. amara and also demonstrated the role of A. amara used in traditional medicine.
The effect of three fungicides, specific for the control of rice blast disease, on the growth and melanin biosynthesis by <i>Pyricularia oryzae cav.</i> (1981)

Abstract Tricyclazole (EL 291), 4,5‐dihydro‐4‐methyltetrazolo [1,5‐ a ] quinazolin‐5‐one (PP 389), and pyroquilon (CGA 49104) were studied to determine the effects on growth and melanin biosynthesis by Pyricularia oryzae in vitro. The three fungicides were essentially devoid of toxicity to P. oryzae at concentrations up to 50 ug ml −1 but each selectively inhibited melanin biosynthesis at much lower concentrations. Inhibition of melanin biosynthesis resulted in the accumulation of 2‐hydroxyjuglone and flaviolin. The study indicated that the three compounds act by a similar mechanism in P. oryzae. .
Higher levels of advanced glycation endproducts in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques are associated with a rupture-prone phenotype (2013)

This is the first study showing that AGEs are associated with human rupture-prone plaques. Furthermore, this study suggests a cascade linking inflammation, reduced GLO-1, methylglyoxal- and AGE-accumulation, and subsequent apoptosis. Thereby, AGEs may act as mediators of the progression of stable to rupture-prone plaques, opening a window towards novel treatments and biomarkers to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Natural History of Cervical Funneling in Women at High Risk for Spontaneous Preterm Birth (2007)

II.
Combined Dominant Frequency and Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrogram Ablation After Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation of Atrial Fibrillation (2013)

A combined high-DF and continuous CFAE site ablation in all chambers after circumferential PVI may be effective in the paroxysmal and persistent AF patients.
Effects on insulin, prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol on DNA synthesis in organ culture of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. (1976)

The effect of various hormones or hormone combinations on DNA synthesis was investigated in organ cultures of 20 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. Three tumors were insulin independent and were totally insensitive to all other hormones tested. Seventeen tumors were insulin dependent for DNA synthesis and, in the presence of insulin, displayed variable responses to the other hormones. Nine of 12 such tumors were significantly stimulated by the combination of prolactin and progesterone. Given alone, these hormones were effective in only 25% of the tumors tested. Estradiol used at 2 dose levels, 0.001 or 1.0 mug/ml, acted in a reverse manner to progesterone and proved inhibitory in combination with prolactin in 40% of cases. It was ineffective alone except in 1 of 10 cases in which a stimulatory effect was recorded. A comparison in 4 tumors between estimation of DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA) and colchicine-blocked mitoses demonstrated a good concordance. These results are discussed in terms of variations in the degree of hormone responsiveness of individual tumors and of the known hormone-dependent properties of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene tumors in vivo.
Design and Preparation of Single‐Chain Nanocarriers Mimicking Disordered Proteins for Combined Delivery of Dermal Bioactive Cargos (2013)

Inspired by the multifunctionality of vitamin D-binding protein and the multiple transient-binding behavior of some intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), a polymeric platform is designed, prepared, and characterized for combined delivery of dermal protective and anticancer bioactive cargos on the basis of artificial single-chain nano-objects mimicking IDPs. For the first time ever, simultaneous delivery of folic acid or vitamin B9 , and hinokitiol, a relevant natural bioactive compound that exhibits anticancer activity against human malignant melanoma cells, from these multidirectionally self-assembled unimolecular nanocarriers is illustrated.
Water-Soluble Polycations as Oral Drug Carriers (Tablets) (1997)

New bioerodible materials that are noncross-linked and water-soluble copolymers of trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate chloride (TMAEMC) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized and then bound to anionic drugs (diclofenac Na and Na sulfathiazote) to form water-insoluble complexes. These drug-polymer complexes release the bound drugs only in ionic media. Compressed tablets were prepared from these anion-exchange resins, and their release profiles follow zero-order kinetics (n > 0.89, where n is the release exponent). The effects of various excipients (dextrose, lactose, and microcrystalline cellulose) were studied, and the polymer composition was found to influence the duration of drug release. It was also found that the release of anionic drugs from drug-PTMAEM/MMA is linear and that it is possible to "tailor-make" their release kinetics by suitably altering the copolymer composition. When a high content of a water-insoluble excipient (i.e., microcrystalline cellulose) was used to fabricate the tablets, the release kinetics deviated from linearity (n = 0.73). In general, release kinetics were well described by a dissociation/erosion mechanism. Drug loading could be increased by increasing the exchange capacity of the polymer (i.e., by increasing the content of the quaternary amine monomer).
Differences in vegetation biomass and structure due to cattle grazing in a northern Nevada riparian ecosystem. (1990)

Plant biomass and structure on an area seasonally grazed by cattle was compared to that on a comparable adjoining area fenced from grazing for the previous 11 years. The study was on the West Fork of Deer Creek in northeastern Nevada. Differences between the grazed and ungrazed situations were compared for the riparian plant community complex — aspen (Populus tremuloides)/willow (Salix spp.)/ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) — and for the adjacent steep upland community — big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)/upland. Less graminoid biomass and height, but more nonwillow large shrub biomass and more soil compaction were the most obvious effects of cattle grazing within the riparian plant community complex. Relatively little grazing of the adjacent upland occurred, and few grazing effects were measured. Aspen stands were relatively similar on the grazed and the ungrazed areas, implying that recent levels of grazing have not greatly affected aspen regeneration. On an adjacent supplemental study area, very heavy grazing had a major impact on aspen regeneration and stand structure. Most of the plant biomass across the entire study area was contributed by down, dead aspen drowned by flooding from a series of now-abandoned beaver dams.
Resistance and Structure of Spores of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1981)

Spores of Bacillus subtilis NCDO 2130 were produced on five different media and their structure and resistance to chemicals, to heat and to ultraviolet (uv) irradiation compared. Resistance to one chemical was not necessarily related to resistance to another, to uv irradiation or to heat. Spores with the smallest protoplasts and largest cortices were most resistant to heat, while the least resistant were those in which the protoplasts became electron dense after staining and which had the lowest concentrations of calcium and dipicolinic acid.
Structure and expression of class II alpha genes in miniature swine (1992)

Two overlapping genomic clones corresponding to the swine DRA class II gene were isolated and characterized. Restriction mapping and partial sequence data of the exon-containing fragments allowed identification and orientation of the five exons encoding the alpha chain. Two full length cDNA clones corresponding to the transcribed DRA gene from two different haplotypes of the swine MHC were sequenced. Nucleotide sequence alignments revealed that the two swine DRA cDNA were very similar and closely related to the human DRA equivalent. An additional glycosylation site, compared with those of human DRA, was found in the second external domain of the protein. Northern analyses showed that porcine DRA and DQA genes were the only two class II alpha genes expressed in the spleen, despite the presence of DPA and DZA genes in the genome. In addition to transfected cells expressing homologous pairs of alpha and beta chains from SLA-DR, stable transfectants expressing nonhomologous pairs of alpha and beta chains from DR and DQ loci were obtained, suggesting that such associations may contribute to the functional heterogeneity of class II products.
Influence of ribose on adenine salvage after intense muscle contractions (2001)

The influence of ribose supplementation on skeletal muscle adenine salvage rates during recovery from intense contractions and subsequent muscle performance was evaluated using an adult rat perfused hindquarter preparation. Three minutes of tetanic contractions (60 tetani/min) decreased ATP content in the calf muscles by approximately 50% and produced an equimolar increase in IMP. Effective recovery of muscle ATP 1 h after contractions was due to reamination of IMP via the purine nucleotide cycle and was complete in the red gastrocnemius but incomplete in the white gastrocnemius muscle section. Adenine salvage rates in recovering muscle averaged 45 +/- 4, 49 +/- 5, and 30 +/- 3 nmol. h(-1). g(-1) for plantaris, red gastrocnemius, and white gastrocnemius muscle, respectively, which were not different from values in corresponding nonstimulated muscle sections. Adenine salvage rates increased five- to sevenfold by perfusion with approximately 4 mM ribose (212 +/- 17, 192 +/- 9, and 215 +/- 14 nmol. h(-1). g(-1) in resting muscle sections, respectively). These high rates were sustained in recovering muscle, except for a small (approximately 20%) but significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the white gastrocnemius muscle. Ribose supplementation did not affect subsequent muscle force production after 60 min of recovery. These data indicate that adenine salvage rates were essentially unaltered during recovery from intense contractions.
Review and Evaluation of Classification Algorithms Enhancing Internet Security (2010)

This paper explores online learning and batch algorithms for detecting malicious Web sites (those involved in criminal scams) using lexical and host-based features of the associated URLs. A data set has been built including malicious and benign URLs, and data mining system Weka has been used as an aid to classify the existent URLs and new coming URLs and evaluate the classification algorithms. A real-time malicious URL detection system has been constructed successfully. The experiment result shows that this method can help to reduce internet access risk effectively.
Crystallization of Sodium Chloride with Amines as Antisolvents (1997)

The suitability of the amines diisopropylamine (DiPA) and dimethylisopropylamine (DMiPA) as antisolvents for the crystallization of sodium chloride from its aqueous solution has been demonstrated. Both amines decreased the sodium chloride solubility substantially. The presence of a two liquid phase area offered the opportunity to separate the amines from the mother liquor after crystallization by a temperature increase. In the two liquid phase area the mutual solubilities of the water and the amines were low, so the separability was good. Continuous crystallization experiments were carried out at temperatures below the liquid-liquid equilibrium line in the single liquid phase area. The product consisted of cubic agglomerated NaCl crystals with maximum primary particle sizes of 10-70 μm.
The carboxy-teminal domain of human surfactant protein B is not required for secretion in milk of transgenic mice (1997)

Previous studies in which human pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) was targeted to the mammary gland of transgenic mice using the rat whey acidic protein (WAP) regulatory sequences resulted in secretion of only the unprocessed proprotein (42 kDa) in milk. To test the feasibility of producing a partially processed SP-B protein in milk, a new construct was designed in which the coding region for the carboxy-terminal domain was deleted. Expression of rWAP/SP-BDELTA C mRNA was detected in all three transgenic lines generated, and the expected carboxy-terminal deleted SP-B molecule (28 kDa), identified by using domain-specific antibodies, was secreted in the milk. Histochemical examination of lactating mammary tissue from the transgenic line expressing the highest levels of WAP/SP-BDelta C mRNA revealed an inhibition of lobulo-alveolar development, and led to growth retardation in pups, apparently due to the decreased milk production. Mothers from this line tended to cannibalize litters in mid-lactation. This phenotype has been observed previously with several other WAP-based transgenes. This phenotype suggests that there may be an upper limit to the level of SP-BDeltAC which can be produced in milk
Median Robust Extended Local Binary Pattern for Texture Classification (2016)

Local binary patterns (LBP) are considered among the most computationally efficient high-performance texture features. However, the LBP method is very sensitive to image noise and is unable to capture macrostructure information. To best address these disadvantages, in this paper, we introduce a novel descriptor for texture classification, the median robust extended LBP (MRELBP). Different from the traditional LBP and many LBP variants, MRELBP compares regional image medians rather than raw image intensities. A multiscale LBP type descriptor is computed by efficiently comparing image medians over a novel sampling scheme, which can capture both microstructure and macrostructure texture information. A comprehensive evaluation on benchmark data sets reveals MRELBP's high performance-robust to gray scale variations, rotation changes and noise-but at a low computational cost. MRELBP produces the best classification scores of 99.82%, 99.38%, and 99.77% on three popular Outex test suites. More importantly, MRELBP is shown to be highly robust to image noise, including Gaussian noise, Gaussian blur, salt-and-pepper noise, and random pixel corruption.
.omega.-[(4,6-Diphenyl-2-pyridyl)oxy]alkanoic acid derivatives: a new family of potent and orally active LTB4 antagonists (1992)

A series of omega-[(4,6-diphenyl-2-pyridyl)oxy]alkanoic acid derivatives was prepared which inhibited the binding of leukotriene B4 to its receptors on guinea pig spleen membranes and on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and selectively antagonized the LTB4-induced elastase release in human PMNs. On the basis of these three screens, a structure-activity relationship was investigated. alpha-Substitution on the carboxylic acid side chain led to only small changes in the binding affinities but greatly enhanced the LTB4 antagonist activity. Substitution on the phenyl rings was also evaluated. The terminal carboxylic acid function can be replaced by a tetrazole ring without loss in activity. The best in vitro LTB4 antagonists of this series were investigated in vivo in the inhibition of LTB4-induced leukopenia in rabbits. Compound 9b (RP69698) displayed potent LTB4 antagonist activity, after oral administration, with an ED50 value of 6.7 mg/kg.
Mode of delivery in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia with very low birth weight infants. (1995)

The aims of this study were to examine data from an institution at which the goal has been to pursue vaginal delivery in patients with a preterm gestation and preeclampsia and to test the hypothesis that labor does not increase the risk of poor outcome for the preterm infant of a mother with preeclampsia. An analysis of all singleton infants born live who weighed 1500 gm or less and who were born to mothers with preeclampsia or eclampsia from 1975 to 1990 was undertaken. The infants who were delivered by cesarean section without labor and with a reassuring fetal assessment were compared with the infants who went through labor. Of 116 women with singleton pregnancies with preeclampsia and an infant who weighed 1500 gm or less, 54.3% were delivered by cesarean section without labor, 31.0% because of nonreassuring fetal assessment and 23.3% (group 1) because of other indications. Of the patients allowed to labor (group 2), 47.2% had cesarean sections because of fetal intolerance of labor and 32.1% were delivered vaginally. Of the patients who were delivered vaginally, 75% had an unfavorable Bishop's score at the outset of the induction. There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 for a number of immediate and long-term outcome variables except for a lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the infants who went through labor. On the basis of these limited data a trial of labor should be considered in carefully selected women with preeclampsia who have very-low-birth-weight infants.
Rethinking the Role of Judicial Scrutiny in Eminent Domain (1989)

Abstract The use of eminent domain has increased substantially over the past 50 years. With that expansion has come a growing tendency for courts to defer to state and local government interpretations of the Fifth Amendment's public use requirement. A considerable body of criticism has developed around the trend. We argue that governments need heightened judicial scrutiny to avoid inappropriate and inequitable use of eminent domain powers. In this paper we review a set of models for judicial review and suggest the implications of each for eminent domain decisions. We posit an additional model, incorporating consideration of the purpose, procedure, effect, and compensation associated with a taking. We examine the implications of the model in light of earlier eminent domain cases, and discuss the impact of eminent domain actions on private property. We give general recommendations for policy makers and planners involved in eminent domain actions.
Src Homology-2-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1 Restrains Cell Proliferation in Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2005)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare tumor originating from thyroid parafollicular C cells, where, in the inherited form, constitutive activation of the RET protooncogene is responsible for unrestrained cell proliferation. We previously demonstrated that somatostatin (SRIF) reduces cell growth in the human MTC cell line TT, which expresses all SRIF receptor (SSTR) subtypes and responds differently to selective SSTR agonists. The antiproliferative mechanism of SRIF and its analogs in MTC is still unclear. Src homology-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), is activated by somatotropin release-inhibiting factor and reduces mutated RET autophosphorylation in a heterologous system. In this study, we explore the role of PTP activation, in particular of SHP-1, in TT cells, where RET is constitutively activated. In TT cells, SRIF stimulated the PTP activity of SHP-1, which was associated with proliferation inhibition and with reduction in the MAPK pathway activation. Blockade of PTP activity with sodium orthovanadate induced cell proliferation and MAPK phosphorylation and blunted the inhibitory effects of SRIF. Moreover, SHP-1 associates with SSTR2 depending on its activation. By using a MAPK kinase inhibitor, we demonstrated that TT cell growth depends on MAPK pathway activation. Furthermore, in TT cells overexpressing SHP-1, cell proliferation and MAPK signaling were strongly down-regulated, whereas in TT cells transfected with a dominant negative form of SHP-1, cell proliferation and MAPK signaling were markedly induced. Our data demonstrate that SRIF inhibitory effects on TT cell proliferation are mediated, at least in part, by SHP-1, which acts through a MAPK-dependent mechanism.
In Defense of Environmental Rights in East European Constitutions (1993)

Western experts have extensively counseled East European constitution drafters regarding the dangers of including various social and economic rights within their constitutions. These advisors often criticize provisions that guarantee a right to a clean environment or make the protection of the environment a duty of the state. Such provisions are condemned as holdovers from the old communist constitutions and are branded as unenforceable or as luxuries that the bankrupt economies of Eastern Europe cannot afford. Each of these arguments has some grounds for support. However, the environmental provisions within East European constitutions could be both enforceable and effective if the drafters applied the lessons learned from 20 years of experience under U.S. state constitutions' environmental provisions. More than 30 U.S. states have constitutional provisions that deal with either the environment or specific natural resources. The successes and failures of these state constitutions' environmental provisions suggest how to draft such provisions to be self-executing and enforceable. The East Europeans should implement enforceable environmental laws, both constitutional and statutory; for them, environmental protection is a necessity, not a luxury. Eastern Europe is an environmental disaster area. Forty-five years of communism resulted in lives significantly shortened by exposure to pollution, forests destroyed by acid rain, waters polluted with industrial waste and sewage, and air unbreathable in many places. The transformation of Eastern Europe's economies to capitalism will have a significant impact on the environment, unless Eastern Europe undertakes sustainable development. The right mix of policies and assistance will promote economic growth while protecting and cleaning up the environment. Unfortunately, much of the current advice and aid to Eastern Europe fails to accomplish either. As Dr. Karolyi Kiss, a leading economist at the Institute for World Economics in Hungary, commented, [w]hat we would really like is for just one Western country to step forward as a patron saint of sustainable development.