gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas exchange rates in the tidal Hudson river using a dual tracer technique (1994)

Gas exchange rates have been determined in the tidal Hudson River by injecting 2 inert gases, 3He and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and monitoring their decline with time. Their distributions along the main axis of the river were approximately gaussian and maximum concentrations of excess 3He and SF6 observed during each transect decreased from about 6500 X 10-16 cm3 STP g-1 and 250 ppt (part per trillion by volume), respectively, to values close to atmospheric equilibrium concentrations over a period of 16 days. Throughout the experiment, vertical gradients in tracer concentration were observed. After 3 days of mixing, tracer concentrations in bottom samples were 0–19% greater than in surface samples. Gas transfer velocities were calculated from the temporal change in the depth averaged excess 3He/SF6 ratio from stations having maximum tracer concentrations. They ranged from 1.5 to 9.0 cm h-1 and correlated well with mean wind speed.
Theory of Resonant Acoustic Transmission through Subwavelength Apertures (2008)

A complete landscape is presented of the acoustic transmission properties of subwavelength apertures (slits and holes). First, we study the emergence of Fabry-Perot resonances in single apertures. When these apertures are placed in a periodic fashion, a new type of transmission resonance appears in the spectrum. We demonstrate that this resonance stems from the excitation of an acoustic guided wave that runs along the plate, which hybridizes strongly with the Fabry-Perot resonances associated with waveguide modes in single apertures. A detailed discussion of the similarities and differences with the electromagnetic case is also given.
President's Page (1946)

Other| May 01 1946 President's Page Prevo L. Whitaker Prevo L. Whitaker Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1946) 8 (8): 194–199. https://doi.org/10.2307/4437737 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Prevo L. Whitaker; President's Page. The American Biology Teacher 1 May 1946; 8 (8): 194–199. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4437737 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Reduction of Methemoglobin via Electron Transfer across the Bilayer Membrane of Hb Vesicles (1997)

Abstract The hemoglobin vesicle (HbV) has a cellular structure which encapsulates concentrated Hb in the inner aqueous phase of a phospholipid bilayer vesicle. Hb is gradually autoxidized to methemoglobin (metHb), which can not bind oxygen during oxygen transport under physiological conditions. In order to reduce metHb in HbV, we evaluated the reduction of metHb by electron transfer across the bilayer membrane of HbV from a reductant added to the outer aqueous phase. Water-soluble methylene blue (MB) and hydrophobic ubiquinone 10 (UQ) were selected as electron mediators. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the addition of the reduced form nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to the outer aqueous phase of UQ-incorporated HbV showed only a slow reduction rate for metHb. On the other hand, when MB and NADH were added under a nitrogen atmosphere to HbV containing 40% metHb, a rapid decrease in the metHb percentage was observed. The entire reaction was controlled by a reaction with NADH and MB in the outer aqueous phase. Under aerobic conditions, the decrease in the efficiency of the metHb reduction and rapid oxidation after reaching the minimal metHb percentage were observed. This was confirmed to be due to the influence of hydrogen peroxide; the decrease was prevented by the co-encapsulation of catalase.
Widely-spaced, high-emission-rate pheromone sources suppress mating of European corn borer females (1997)

The female sex pheromone of Ostrinza nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was released from two dispenser types and in two deployment patterns, a Shin-Etsu rope formulation spaced 2 m apart and a widely-spaced (35 m) pattern using a high-emission-rate system called the Metered Semiochemical Timed Release System (MSTRSm).. Both dispensers were deployed in grassy sites that constitute aggregation areas for 0. nubilalis mating activity within and around cornfields at three different locations in Iowa. A significant level of disruption of pheromone-source location (averaging 97 percent) was achieved by both dispensers during both first and second flights More importantly, a significant level of mating disruption was achieved, as measured by the frequency of mating by free-flying feral females The mean number of matings, as measured by spermatophores, per first generation female was 1 33 in the MSTRSTM plots and 1.58 in the rope plots, compared with 1.88 in untreated check plots. During the second flight, the number of matings per female averaged 1.63 in the MSTRSTM plots, 1.56 in the rope plots and 2 17 in untreated check plots There was also a significant reduction in the proportion of females that mated at least once during both flights in MSTRSm plots During the first flight, 17 percent and 10 percent fewer females mated in the MSTRSTMtreated and rope-treated fields, respectively. A similar level of disruption of mating was also achieved during the second flight An overlooked, potential advantage of the area-wide use of mating in the context of increasing use of transgenic corn by growers is that pheromone disruption should differentially reduce mating of any rare, low density, Bt-resistant individuals in grassy areas compared with that of susceptible individuals emerging at higher densities from non-Bt corn fields Indeed, the delaying of the onset of resistance by using I pheromone mating disruption where possible in all transgenic crops may be a general integrated pest management benefit beyond crop damage reduction.
Performance Analysis Techniques for IC Manufacturing Lines (1986)

This paper discusses ways that operations research tools and techniques can be used to analyze the performance of integrated circuit manufacturing lines. It focuses on simulation, queueing, and deterministic capacity models and, through case studies, discusses the applicability of these methods. It also discusses the criteria for selecting the appropriate analysis method for a given problem.
Identifying Influential and Susceptible Members of Social Networks (2012)

Identifying social influence in networks is critical to understanding how behaviors spread. We present a method that uses in vivo randomized experimentation to identify influence and susceptibility in networks while avoiding the biases inherent in traditional estimates of social contagion. Estimation in a representative sample of 1.3 million Facebook users showed that younger users are more susceptible to influence than older users, men are more influential than women, women influence men more than they influence other women, and married individuals are the least susceptible to influence in the decision to adopt the product offered. Analysis of influence and susceptibility together with network structure revealed that influential individuals are less susceptible to influence than noninfluential individuals and that they cluster in the network while susceptible individuals do not, which suggests that influential people with influential friends may be instrumental in the spread of this product in the network.
Uplink Multiuser MIMO Transceiver Design with Transmitting Beamforming under Power Constraints (2006)

We consider the transceiver design for uplink multiuser multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications, where multiple transmitters adopt beamforming to simultaneously access the linear spatial equalizer at the receivers. In this paper, we investigated the crucial, yet not well discussed issue to jointly design beamforming weights for all transmitters, subject to total transmission power constraints, under the assumption that all users' channel state information (CSI) is available at each of the users. We proposed a class of orthogonal joint beamforming design schemes with matched filter receiver, and an eigen-beamforming (Eig-BF) scheme with ordered successive interference cancellation minimum mean square error receiver (OSIC-MMSE). By comparing these schemes with the optimal joint transceiver design with optimality in terms of overall mean square error (MSE), we show that Eig-BF OSIC-MMSE scheme achieves near-optimum performance at much lower complexity and with much simpler transmitter design, since it only requires each transmitter to know its own CSI and thus can be implemented in a decentralized way. This indicates that marginal performance improvement can be benefited from making all transmitters share their CSI. The orthogonal beamforming schemes, on the other hand, accomplish the simplest receiver structure at the cost of more complicated cooperative transmitters
Using GIS to create synthetic disease outbreaks (2007)

This simulation model provides a flexible method to generate data which may be useful for the evaluation and comparison of outbreak detection algorithm performance.
Scalability Patterns for Platform-as-a-Service (2012)

Platform-as-a-Service is a cloud-based approach that provides enterprises with all the functionalities for developing, deploying, and administering services, without the burden of installing, configuring, and managing the underlying middleware, operating system, and hardware. In this context, scalability becomes a fundamental requirement, and appropriate solutions need to be studied and evaluated. In this paper, we present different scalability patterns for a Platform-as-a-Service infrastructure and a two-level approach to performance monitoring allowing automatic scalability management. We also provide a performance evaluation of the scalability patterns on a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) PaaS, which considers the impact on performance of SOA security standards.
Efficient and Privacy-Aware Data Aggregation in Mobile Sensing (2013)

The proliferation and ever-increasing capabilities of mobile devices such as smart phones give rise to a variety of mobile sensing applications. This paper studies how an untrusted aggregator in mobile sensing can periodically obtain desired statistics over the data contributed by multiple mobile users, without compromising the privacy of each user. Although there are some existing works in this area, they either require bidirectional communications between the aggregator and mobile users in every aggregation period, or have high-computation overhead and cannot support large plaintext spaces. Also, they do not consider the Min aggregate, which is quite useful in mobile sensing. To address these problems, we propose an efficient protocol to obtain the Sum aggregate, which employs an additive homomorphic encryption and a novel key management technique to support large plaintext space. We also extend the sum aggregation protocol to obtain the Min aggregate of time-series data. To deal with dynamic joins and leaves of mobile users, we propose a scheme that utilizes the redundancy in security to reduce the communication cost for each join and leave. Evaluations show that our protocols are orders of magnitude faster than existing solutions, and it has much lower communication overhead.
Impedance Network for an Automatic Impedance Matching System (2007)

This work presents a RF tunable impedance matching network. It uses a quarter-wavelength (lambda /4) transmission line loaded by a combination of switches, capacitors and inductors. With MEMS-based switches and inductors, the simulation results show that this circuit is capable of correction load reflection coefficients of up 0.5 to better than 0.3 with insertion loss between 0.74-2.11 dB at 2 GHz.
Quantitative assessment of glial cells in the human and guinea pig enteric nervous system with an anti‐Sox8/9/10 antibody (2008)

Quantitative changes of enteric glia (EGC) have been implicated in gastrointestinal disorders. To facilitate future studies of EGC in human pathology, we aimed to characterize thoroughly glial markers in the human enteric nervous system (ENS) and to compare EGC in man and guinea pig. Whole-mount preparations of the enteric nerve plexuses from human and guinea pig ileum and colon were labeled with antibodies against S100b, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and p75NGFR and the transcription factors Sox8/9/10 and neuronally counterstained. Abundant immunoreactivity (IR) for S100b, GFAP, p75NGFR, and Sox8/9/10 was detected in EGC of all studied regions. Although the cytoplasmatic staining pattern of most markers did not permit glial quantification, the nuclear localization of Sox8/9/10-IR allowed to identify and count all EGC individually. In both man and guinea pig, myenteric ganglia were larger and contained more EGC and neurons than submucous ganglia. Furthermore, there were more EGC in the human than in the guinea pig myenteric plexus (MP), glial density was consistently higher in the human ENS, and the glia index (glia:neuron ratio) ranged from 1.3 to 1.9 and from 5.9 to 7.0 in the human submucous plexus (SMP) and MP, respectively, whereas, in guinea pig, the glia index was 0.8-1.0 in the SMP and 1.7 in the MP. The glia index was the most robust quantitative descriptor within one species. This is a comprehensive set of quantitative EGC measures in man and guinea pig that provides a basis for pathological assessment of glial proliferation and/or degeneration in the diseased gut.
Evaluation of Automatic Code Generation Tools (2007)

There are different tools for automatic code generation today. A comparison between different tools is necessary in order to highlight the differences between the tools according to specific aspects. TargetLink from dSPACE and Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder from The MathWorks are two tools that have been evaluated and tested in order to point out the differences between the performance of those tools regarding, among others, user friendliness, generated code interface, code readability and traceability, execution time and memory usage. Even though both tools differ slightly in their performance they both show good, sometimes even better performance when compared with hand written code.
Preparation and Physical Properties of Sulfur Compounds Related to Petroleum. VI. endo-4,7-Methano-cis-2-thiahydrindan and endo-4,7-Ethano-cis-2-thiahydrindan (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Physical Properties of Sulfur Compounds Related to Petroleum. VI. endo-4,7-Methano-cis-2-thiahydrindan and endo-4,7-Ethano-cis-2-thiahydrindanSTANLEY F. BIRCH, NEVILLE J. HUNTER, and DAVID T. McALLANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 9, 970–974Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01115a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01115a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of growth and regression of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma by three retinoids. (1976)

An aromatic analog of retinoic acid, all-trans-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid (Ro 10-1670), its ethyl esther (Ro 10-9359), and ethyl amide (Ro 11-1430) have been shown to inhibit the growth of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma. The inhibition observed occurred over a range of tolerated doses. At the higher tolerated dose levels, significant regressions of already established tumors were observed. All three compounds were active when administered ip for 2 or 4 weeks. The ethyl ester, Ro 10-9359, and the etyl amide, Ro 11-1430, were also active when administered for 4 weeks as dietary admixes. In the latter experiments, both compounds were equally effective at tolerated doses, but Ro 11-1430 was less toxic than Ro 10-9359 at higher doses.
Immunological and histopathological characterization of cutaneous candidiasis (2015)

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis constitutes a heterogeneous group of syndromes, characterized by non-invasive infection of the skin, nails and mucosal membranes by the fungus Candida spp. Although symptoms are heterogeneous, in all cases there is a reduction in protective cytokines, favouring the development of disease. The normal role of cytokines in skin lesions is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the progression of disease, understand specific cellular and molecular components involved in immunity to Candida albicans and determine the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines over the course of cutaneous infection in immunocompetent mice. BALB/c mice (five per group) were inoculated with 5 × 10(6)C. albicans pseudohyphae in the deep dermis of the paw and analysed over 1-14 days post-infection. The contralateral paws were used for negative controls. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of skin sections during C. albicans infection was performed to analyse structural modifications to the epidermis such as hyperplasia, and infiltration of neutrophils and fibroblasts in the dermis. The cytokine populations were determined by capture ELISA using popliteal lymph node tissue. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-17) were detected at significant levels during the initial phase of cutaneous infection and correlated with the rapid elimination of C. albicans. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-13, IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β) were detected on day 4 post-infection, and prevented exacerbation of inflammation and participated in healing of lesions. Thus, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was fundamental for the resolution of infection. Importantly, these findings broaden our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in chronic cutaneous candidiasis.
Construction of MicroRNA- and MicroRNA*-mediated regulatory networks in plants (2011)

The critical biological roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been well recognized. However, knowledge on the regulatory activities of miRNA*s is limited. Although several studies pointed to the capacity of this small RNA species to repress target genes in animals, few related analyses were performed in plants. Here, we set out to uncover the repressive effects of miRNA*s on their targets in both Arabidopsis and rice. Systemic identification of miRNA*s was performed through secondary structure-based predictions and expression level-based verification. The targets of the miRNA*s were predicted and further filtered based on degradome sequencing data, resulting in comprehensive miRNA*--target lists with high reliability. Besides, comprehensive miRNA--target lists were also obtained. The phenomenon that one transcript was targeted by two or more miRNA(*)s was observed, which was defined as co-regulation. Finally, comprehensive miRNA- and miRNA*-mediated regulatory networks were constructed. Further investigation of some specific subnetworks implied the utility of these networks for biologists. This study could broaden the current understanding of miRNA gene-mediated regulation in plants.
Histidine Ligand Protonation and Redox Potential in the Rieske Dioxygenases:  Role of a Conserved Aspartate in Anthranilate 1,2-Dioxygenase (2003)

The Rieske dioxygenase, anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase, catalyzes the 1,2-dihydroxylation of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate). As in all characterized Rieske dioxygenases, the catalytic conversion to the diol occurs within the dioxygenase component, AntAB, at a mononuclear iron site which accepts electrons from a proximal Rieske [2Fe-2S] center. In the related naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO), a conserved aspartate residue lies between the mononuclear and Rieske iron centers, and is hydrogen-bonded to a histidine ligand of the Rieske center. Engineered substitutions of this aspartate residue led to complete inactivation, which was proposed to arise from elimination of a productive intersite electron transfer pathway [Parales, R. E., Parales, J. V., and Gibson, D. T. (1999) J. Bacteriol. 181, 1831-1837]. Substitutions of the corresponding aspartate, D218, in AntAB with alanine, asparagine, or glutamate also resulted in enzymes that were completely inactive over a wide pH range despite retention of the hexameric quaternary structure and iron center occupancy. The Rieske center reduction potential of this variant was measured to be approximately 100 mV more negative than that for the wild-type enzyme at neutral pH. The wild-type AntAB became completely inactive at pH 9 and exhibited an altered Rieske center absorption spectrum which resembled that of the D218 variants at neutral pH. These results support a role for this aspartate in maintaining the protonated state and reduction potential of the Rieske center. Both the wild-type and D218A variant AntABs exhibited substrate-dependent rapid phases of Rieske center oxidations in stopped-flow time courses. This observation does not support a role for this aspartate in a facile intersite electron transfer pathway or in productive substrate gating of the Rieske center reduction potential. However, since the single turnovers resulted in anthranilate dihydroxylation by the wild-type enzyme but not by the D218A variant, this aspartate must also play a crucial role in substrate dihydroxylation at or near the mononuclear iron site.
Sonochemical Fabrication and Characterization of Ceria (CeO<sub>2</sub>) Nanowires (2006)

Ceria (CeO 2 ) nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a sonochemical method in ambient air and alkali aqueous solution from CeO 2 nanoparticles without using any templates. The results showed that both alkali concentration and ultrasonic irradiation played critical roles in the formation of the nanowires. The crystalline structure and dimensions of the nanowires were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The UV-visible absorption spectrum result showed that the products had conspicuous shape-specific effect. Microstructural analysis in HRTEM revealed that the preferential growth direction of CeO 2 nanowires was [110]. Moreover, the catalytic activity of Au/CeO 2 using CeO 2 nanowires as support for CO conversion was higher than that obtained using bulk CeO 2 as support.