gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Criteria for blind deconvolution of multichannel linear time-invariant systems (1998)

Blind deconvolution and equalization of linear time-invariant systems have widely received attention in various fields such as data communication, image processing and geophysical data processing. Shalvi and Weinstein (1990) proposed certain criteria for blind deconvolution of nonminimum-phase linear time-invariant systems. Their work is, however, restricted to the single-channel (or scalar) case. This correspondence extends the Shalvi-Weinstein approach to the multichannel case. We propose a multistage maximization criterion and a single-stage maximization criterion for attaining multichannel blind deconvolution. Under the normalized condition specified later, they are shown to be equivalent.
An initial evaluation of the Iowa Dental Surgical Simulator (2000)

The University of Iowa colleges of dentistry and engineering are collaborating to build an effective but low-cost surgical simulator that uses force feedback to teach and assess the tactile skills of dentistry. A prototype simulator was built, and a formative evaluation examined the realism of the haptics and identified directions for future work. Using a cross-over design, twelve experienced practitioners probed two virtual teeth using two instruments attached to the force feedback device. The session was videotaped, the forces recorded, and a standardized questionnaire completed. Two analyses were conducted: an ANOVA examined practitioners' questionnaire responses, and a t-test analyzed the probing forces. Significant tooth order by instrument order interaction and instrument effects were found. Practitioners were generally satisfied. They preferred a standard joystick to an explorer, felt that two-dimensional graphics were sufficient, and emphasized that the existing vibration be eliminated. Random placement of caries should help teach generalized skills.
Flash-the memory technology of the future that's here today (2002)

The traditional method of designing memory systems was to use DRAM and SRAM for volatile storage and either EPROM or first generation FLASH for non-volatile storage. Today's embedded avionics and military designers can take advantage of the new generation of Flash memories. Flash memory has come of age very quickly. Flash memory chips are available in special environment temperature ranges in speeds as fast as 85 ns and as dense as 8 Mbits. We expect to see special environment parts that have 161Mbits and 75 ns access time in the near future. These fast access times along with very high densities, make Flash a great fit into applications that used to use several ROM, EEPROMs or DRAMs. To help show that Flash is a natural fit into designs that up until now have been using ROM, EEPROM and DRAM, a detailed analysis of Flash technology and how it compares to other memory is provided.
Multi-target tracking via dynamic-programming based track-before-detect (2012)

This paper addresses the multi-target tracking problem through the use of dynamic programming based track-before-detect (DP-TBD). The usual way of implementing DP-TBD in a multi-target scenario is to adopt a multi-target state, which is the concatenation of individual target states. But this method involves the solution of a high-dimensional joint maximization which is usually computationally prohibitive. Besides, it suffers from the unknown number of targets since the dimension of the multi-target state has to be determined before DP integration. In this work, via utilizing the structure of target dyamics, a multi-target DP-TBD algorithm is developed to approximately solve the joint maximization in a efficient and accurate manner. Also, a generalized detection procedure is adopted in a way that the dimension of the multi-target state is no longer needed be to predetermined, therefore single-target and multi-target scenarios are handled in the same framework. Simulation example shows that the proposed algorithm can efficiently and reliably track multiple targets even targets are in proximity.
Bronchoconstrictor Effects of Leukotriene C in Humans (1982)

Maximum expiratory flow rate at 30 percent of vital capacity above residual volume served as an index of airway obstruction in comparing the effects of leukotriene C and histamine administered by aerosol to five normal persons. Leukotriene C was 600 to 9500 times more potent than histamine on a molar basis in producing an equivalent decrement in the residual volume. The leukotriene C response was slow in onset and prolonged, reminiscent of the effects of aerosol allergen challenge in asthmatic allergic subjects.
Removal of waxes from sunflower seed oil by miscella refining and winterization (1976)

Abstract Miscella refining and winterization produced a sunflower seed salad oil that did not cloud on refrigeration for 7 days. Refining reduced phospholipid content, and this facilitated wax removal during winterization.
A simple movement time model for scrolling (2005)

A model for movement time for scrolling is developed and verified experimentally. It is hypothesized that the maximum scroll speed is a constant at which the target can be perceived when scrolling over the screen. In an experiment where distance to target and target width were varied, it was found that movement time did not follow Fitts' law. Rather, it was linearly dependent on the distance to the target, suggesting a constant maximum scrolling speed. We hypothesize that the same relationship between movement time and target distance apply to other computer interaction tasks where the position of the target is not known ahead of time, and the data in which the target is sought is not ordered.
A Variational Approach to Dynamics of Flexible Multibody Systems (1989)

Abstract This paper presents a variational formulation of constrained dynamics of flexible multibody systems, using a vector-variational calculus approach. Body reference frames are used to define global position and orientation of individual bodies in the system, located and oriented by position of its origin and Euler parameters, respectively. Small strain linear elastic deformation of individual components, relative to their body reference frames, is defined by linear combinations of deformation modes that are induced by constraint reaction forces and normal modes of vibration. A library of kinematic couplings between flexible and/or rigid bodies is defined and analyzed. Variational equations of motion for multibody systems are obtained and reduced to mixed differential-algebraic equations of motion. A space structure that must deform during deployment is analyzed, to illustrate use of the methods developed
Role of Mineral Elements with Emphasis on the Univalent Cations (1966)

Of the many inorganic elements that higher plants absorb in ionic form from the soil or aquatic environment, only a relatively few are known to be indispensible for metabolic processes. The essential macronutrient elements other than C, H, and 0 include N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg. The concentration of these elements in higher plants is illustrated by analyses of Zea mays showing percentages of 1.45 N, 0.20 P, 0.92 K, 0.17 5, 0.23 Ca, and 0.18 Mg in dry material (159). Another group of mineral elements generally required by plants in small quantities and referred to as micronutrient elements include Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Cl, and Mo. Several elements are required by some spe­ cies of higher plants and microorganisms but not by others. Cobalt is a micronutrient for some microorganisms and symbionts (71), V is essential for Scenedesmus obliquus (6), Na is needed for certain blue-green algae and halophytes (4, 37, 270), and Si is reported (131) to be indispensable for the growth of diatoms. Although B is generally required for higher plants, it has not been shown to be essential for microorganisms. Even though the micronutrient elements occur in plant tissues at con­ centrations ranging from less than one to a few hundred ppm of dry matter, it seems that more effort has been devoted to the elucidation of the mode of action of these than to some of the macronutrient elements, such as K, that commonly make up 1 to 2 per cent of the dry material of plants. Authors of modern textbooks often state that the specific role of K in plants is unknown. They indicate that K in some way is involved in the unique organization of protoplasm, that it functions in cellular osmotic processes, and is necessary for cell membrane permeability. That univalent cations function as acti­ vators for certain enzymes usually is mentioned, but the impression is left that the importance of these cations in this capacity is questionable. A de­ cision was made by the writers, therefore, to first survey briefly the status of our knowledge of the roles of the essential mineral elements other than uni­ valent cations, referring for the most part to the pertinent recent reviews. The remainder and major portion of this review will deal with the role of the
The Challenge of Producing and Stimulating a Deep Sandstone-Carbonate Reservoir with Combined Organic and Inorganic Formation Damage (2009)

Abstract Gigante-1A (G-1A) is a well that is located in Upper Magdalena Valley in Colombia, South America. It has been producing for almost 10 years today. There are several wells in this area that have been producing from sandstone and carbonate/dolomite reservoirs at different depths for more than 30 years and are still drawing interest from producers. There is a high interest in new well construction based on experiences from G-1A related to drilling, completion, production stages, reservoir analysis with stimulation techniques, and response-related identification of formation damage. A second well at the same depth is currently in progress. The specific condition of water, oil, and gas flowing commingled to surface from the same zone, covering sandstone and carbonate formations with significant petro-physical differences and reservoir fluids has allowed for the establishment of best practices and identified areas of research to get improved responses. A continuous learning curve focused on improving operational procedures and placement techniques has been built according to the mechanical status of the well before each intervention. Periodical interventions focused on organic deposition, emulsion blockage damages, and scaling related problems have helped to establish operational and treatment design procedures which contribute to effective stimulation results. Continuous improvements related to chemical treatment designs, based on adjustments of formulations, radius of penetration, and placement techniques, have helped to ensure effectiveness. Chemical treatments have focused on organic, nature-related problems since the beginning. In particular, asphaltenes flocculation, have generated pore throat blockage because of asphaltenes deposition and emulsion blockage. Water cut increase over time has brought inorganic scaling problems. Corresponding solutions have been combined with organic stimulation treatments for removal and damage inhibition overtime. There is also a clear learning curve over the last seven years on well lifting in optimizing well production in conjunction with chemical treatments to maximize oil production.
Dieting for Dummies (2004)

Introduction. PART I: A Healthy Weight. Chapter 1: Exploring the Connection between Weight and Health. Chapter 2: Assessing Your Own Weight. Chapter 3: Are You Destined to Be Overweight? PART II: Developing a Healthy Relationship with Food. Chapter 4: Calorie Basics. Chapter 5: Understanding Your Relationship with Food. Chapter 6: Getting Over Overeating. Chapter 7: Eating Disorders: When Dieting Goes Too Far. Chapter 8: What to Do If Your Child Is Overweight. PART III: A Plan for Healthful Living. Chapter 9: Eating for Your Health: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Chapter 10: Putting Healthful Eating Guidelines into Practice. Chapter 11: A Matter of Taste: Using Fat Substitutes and Artificial Sweeteners. Chapter 12: Becoming More Active. Chapter 13: Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle. PART IV: Shopping, Cooking, and Dining Out. Chapter 14: Healthy Grocery Shopping. Chapter 15: Outfitting and Using Your Kitchen. Chapter 16: Eating Healthfully While Eating Out. PART V: Enlisting Outside Help. Chapter 17: Getting Help from a Weight-Loss Professional. Chapter 18: Using Medications for Weight Control. Chapter 19: Joining a Weight-Loss Program. Chapter 20: Sorting Fact from Fiction: Fad Diets and Dieting Scams. PART VI: The Part of Tens. Chapter 21: Ten Myths about Dieting. Chapter 22: Ten Ways to Cut Calories. Chapter 23: Ten Rules for Healthy Living. Chapter 24: More Than Ten Recipes to Live On. Appendix A: Weight Management Resources. Appendix B: The Nutrients in Food. Index. Book Registration Information.
Contisure — A Computer Aided System for Assessing the Contouring Accuracy of NC Machine Tools (1988)

Established indirect methods for assessing the contouring accuracy of NC machine tools use a master disc or double ball kinematic link device. This paper outlines the development of an improved kinematic transducer link and associated software for the measurement and analysis of the deviation from a programmed circular profile. Application of the system to NC machines are considered along with the corresponding contouring errors.
Microstructure Effect on EM-Induced Degradations in Dual Inlaid Copper Interconnects (2009)

A novel physical model and a simulation algorithm are used to predict electromigration (EM)-induced stress evolution in dual inlaid copper interconnects. The aim of the current simulation was to investigate the dual effect of the microstructure, which consists of the effect of grain boundaries (GBs) and the effect of texture-related variations of the modulus of elasticity on the stress evolution in copper lines caused by EM. The major difference between our approach and the previously described ones is the accounting of additional stress generated by the plated atoms. The results of the numerical simulation have been proven experimentally by EM degradation studies on fully embedded dual inlaid copper interconnect test structures and by subsequent microstructure analysis, mainly based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The virtual EM-induced void formation, movement, and growth in a copper interconnect were continuously monitored in an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">situ</i> scanning electron microscopy experiment. The copper microstructure, particularly the orientation of grains and GBs, was determined with EBSD. For interconnects with interfaces that resist atomic transport and where GBs are the important pathways for atom migration, degradation and failure processes are completely different for microstructures with randomly oriented GBs compared with ldquobamboolikerdquo microstructures. The correspondence between simulation results and experimental data indicates the applicability of the developed model for optimization of the physical and electrical design rules.
Scattered light fluorescence microscopy: imaging through turbid layers (2010)

A major limitation of any type of microscope is the penetration depth in turbid tissue. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally novel kind of fluorescence microscope that images through optically thick turbid layers. The microscope uses scattered light, rather than light propagating along a straight path, for imaging with subwavelength resolution. Our method uses constructive interference to focus scattered laser light through the turbid layer. Microscopic fluorescent structures behind the layer were imaged by raster scanning the focus.
A second-order high-resolution incremental A/D converter with offset and charge injection compensation (1988)

Measurement and instrumentation applications require absolute accuracy, e.g. offset and gain errors cannot be tolerated. These applications are characterized by DC performance such as differential and integral nonlinearities, offset and gain errors, and they often require high resolution. The second-order incremental A/D converter, which makes use of sigma-delta modulation associated with a simple digital filter, is capable of achieving such requirements. Experimental results of circuits fabricated in a SACMOS 3- mu m technology indicate that 15-bit absolute accuracy is easily achievable, even with a low reference voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The First Phosphine Oxide Ligand Precursors for Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions: C−C, C−N, and C−S Bond Formation on Unactivated Aryl Chlorides (2001)

Schnell und regioselektiv verläuft die nucleophile Substitution an nicht aktivierten Arylchloriden mit Phosphinigsäure(RR′POH)-Metall-Komplexen (siehe Bild), für die luftstabile Phosphanoxide (RR′P(O)H) sehr geeignete Liganden-Vorstufen sind. Diese Methode kann in leistungsfähigen Katalysecyclen genutzt werden, bei denen C-C-, C-N- und C-S-Bindungen gebildet werden.
Modeling of multipath propagation components caused by trees and forests (2010)

The further development of multipath mitigation methods for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) depends on the knowledge of the wave propagation circumstances present in various scenarios. The modeling of the multipath propagation properties for land-mobile users play a vital role in modern GNSS receiver algorithm development. This paper proposes a model for the simulation of a vehicle traveling through a rural environment. The canopies of trees and forests cause a strikingly time-variant channel impulse response (CIR). The proposed approach models individual multipath components and the resulting small-scale fading of forests in terms of infinitesimal point scatterers which are spread out in a cuboidal canopy volume. The output of the proposed model is compared with channel sounding measurements.
Primary metabolite kinetics of bacteriocin biosynthesis by Lactobacillus amylovorus and evidence for stimulation of bacteriocin production under unfavourable growth conditions (1996)

To optimize bacteriocin production processes, the relationships between growth, bacteriocin production and factors affecting the occurrence and intensity of the activity peak during the growth cycle must be understood. Amylovorin L471, a bacteriocin produced by <i>Lactobacillus amylovorus</i> DCE 471, displays primary metabolite kinetics with a peak activity during the midexponential phase. Because of this growth association, only conditions favouring a drastic increase in biomass improve the volumetric bacteriocin titre. Specific bacteriocin production is enhanced under unfavourable growth conditions such as low temperatures (30°), and the presence of potentially toxic compounds such as ethanol (1.0%, v/v) and oxygen (80%, v/v, air saturation). Whereas volumetric biomass formation and growth-associated bacteriocin production are dependent on the amount of glucose and nitrogen supplied, slow growth rates stimulate specific bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin inactivation can be ascribed to protein aggregation and adsorption phenomena. It may be overcome by switching the pH to 2.0 during the fermentation run after having reached the peak activity. Thus, manipulation of the cell environment can stimulate bacteriocin production. The latter can be induced by unfavourable growth conditions, so-called stress factors. The specific growth rate seems to play an important role in the control of bacteriocin production.
Use of end-to-end acknowledgment in Mil-Std-188-220 A extended networks (2002)

The OPNET simulation software developed by MIL3 has been used to construct a very detailed model of the Mil-Std-188-220 A network protocol executing over a SINCGARS radio net operating in packet mode. The intranet relay function provided by this protocol has included a transport layer like acknowledgment for ensuring reliable transmission across multiple relayers within a network. The intranet end-to-end (ETE) acknowledgment is in addition to any reliability provided by the link layer. This paper examines the performance of multi-hop relay networks using different combinations of network layer and link layer reliability functions. The paper presents recommendations for the use of the ETE acknowledgment based on throughput, delay, and completion percentage.
Lumbar extraforaminal decompression: A technical note and retrospective study looking at potential complications as an outpatient procedure (2011)

Extraforaminal lumbar decompression as an outpatient procedure can be done safely without the need for hospital admission.
Autonomic Shutdown of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Thermoresponsive Microspheres (2012)

Abstract Autonomic, thermally‐induced shutdown of Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries is demonstrated by incorporating thermoresponsive polymer microspheres (ca. 4 μm) onto battery anodes or separators. When the internal battery environment reaches a critical temperature, the microspheres melt and coat the anode/separator with a nonconductive barrier, halting Li‐ion transport and shutting down the cell permanently. Three functionalization schemes are shown to perform cell shutdown: 1) poly(ethylene) (PE) microspheres coated on the anode, 2) paraffin wax microspheres coated on the anode, and 3) PE microspheres coated on the separator. Charge and discharge capacity is measured for Li‐ion coin cells containing microsphere‐coated anodes or separators as a function of capsule coverage. For PE coated on the anode, the initial capacity of the battery is unaffected by the presence of the PE microspheres up to a coverage of 12 mg cm −2 (when cycled at 1C), and full shutdown (>98% loss of initial capacity) is achieved in cells containing greater than 3.5 mg cm −2 . For paraffin microspheres coated on the anode and PE microspheres coated on the separator, shutdown is achieved in cells containing coverages greater than 2.9 and 13.7 mg cm −2 , respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images of electrode surfaces from cells that have undergone autonomic shutdown provides evidence of melting, wetting, and resolidification of PE into the anode and polymer film formation at the anode/separator interface.
Augmented reality in the smart factory: Supporting workers in an industry 4.0. environment (2014)

We present an augmented reality system that supports human workers in a rapidly changing production environment. By providing spatially registered information on the task directly in the user's field of view the system can guide the user through unfamiliar tasks (e.g. assembly of new products) and visualize information directly in the spatial context were it is relevant. In the first version we present the user with picking and assembly instructions in an assembly application. In this paper we present the initial experience with this system, which has already been used successfully by several hundred users who had no previous experience in the assembly task.