gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmid DNA Malaria Vaccine: Tissue Distribution and Safety Studies in Mice and Rabbits (1999)

To evaluate the safety of a plasmid DNA vaccine, tissue distribution studies in mice and safety studies in mice and rabbits were conducted with VCL-2510, a plasmid DNA encoding the gene for the malaria circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium falciparum (PfCSP). After intramuscular administration, VCL-2510 plasmid DNA was detected initially in all of the highly vascularized tissues, but at later time points was found primarily in the muscle at the site of injection, where it persisted for up to 8 weeks. After intravenous administration, plasmid DNA initially distributed at a relatively low frequency to all the tissues examined except the gonads and brain. However, plasmid DNA rapidly cleared, and by 4 weeks postadministration could be detected only in the lung of one of six animals evaluated. In a safety study in mice, eight repeated intramuscular injections of VCL-2510 at plasmid DNA doses of 1, 10, and 100 microg had no adverse effects on clinical chemistry or hematology, and did not result in any organ pathology or systemic toxicity. In a safety study in rabbits, six repeated intramuscular injections of VCL-2510 at plasmid DNA doses of 0.15 and 0.45 mg had no discernible effects on clinical chemistry, hematology, or histopathology. No evidence of autoimmune-mediated pathology, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), or antibodies to dsDNA were observed in the mouse or rabbit studies.
An integrated micro multi-ion sensor using platinum-gate field-effect transistors (2002)

An integrated micro multi-ion sensor was designed and fabricated for a high-performance ion sensor applicable to clinical analyses. Platinum gate ISFETs (ion-sensitive field effect transistors), which have a platinum block layer for protection from ion migration and dissolution and are compatible with MOSFETs, are used. The sensor chip consists of, two kinds of ion sensors (K/sup +/ and Na/sup +/ ISFETs) and two CMOS unity-gain buffers. The output voltages are equal to the equivalent gate membrane potentials of the integrated ISFETs and show a wide linear dynamic range. The K/sup +/ and Na/sup +/ ISFETs show good chemical responses, including sensitivities, selectivities, and drifts, which are compatible with those of conventional ion-selective electrodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and implementation of a redundancy manager for triple redundant CAN controllers (2003)

There is a growing interest in using the controller area network (CAN) protocol for critical control applications. In many articles studying this possibility, it is assumed that CAN controllers, which are the circuits that implement most of the protocol specification, never present faults. In this paper we present the architecture of a fault-tolerant CAN controller subsystem that allows substantiation of this assumption. Our subsystem is made up of three standard CAN controllers and a specifically designed circuit, called redundancy manager (RM), which guarantees the coordinated operation of the introduced redundancy. Said circuit his been designed to adapt to the specific characteristics of the CAN protocol and is totally compatible with other fault tolerance mechanisms that have been designed in the past for other parts of the system. After presenting the behaviour and architecture for the fault-tolerant CAN controller subsystem, we present a complete design for the RM. This design has been implemented and simulated using a VHDL tool. Results of this simulation are also shown.
Studies on the stability and detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in whole blood using Abuscreen radioimmunoassay. (1989)

A study was undertaken to assess the stability and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), and 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) in whole blood while stored in 4 different kinds of blood collection tubes for up to 30 days at refrigeration and room temperatures. At various intervals, the tubes were sampled and analyzed using Abuscreen RIA. Also, semi-quantitative data derived from RIA analysis of forensic blood specimens were compared with quantitative data acquired using gas chromatography (GC) or GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) on the same specimens. RIA and chromatographic studies revealed that BZE and THC-COOH were stable in blood under all conditions studied. Cocaine, however, was found not to be stable in blood, especially when stored at room temperatures. Despite cocaine's instability in blood, RIA was able to detect the presence of cocaine and its breakdown products in blood under all conditions studied.
The Use of Silicone/Polyurethane Graft Polymers as a Means of Eliminating Surface Cracking of Polyurethane Prostheses (1988)

The long-term biodegradation of various polyurethanes with and without surface modifications was evaluated by implanting small porous filamentous patches of these materials subcutaneously in the backs of dogs for one month. Data were compared to those obtained with spun polyurethane vascular grafts of similar materials implanted in the aorto-iliac position in dogs. The extremely high surface area of approximately 7 m2/cm3 of these porous filamentous patches provided numerous sites for surface cracking and the very fine filaments (10 microns in diameter) provided an easily identifiable structure to study the cracking phenomenon. Results from numerous one month implants clearly demonstrated that the subcutaneous implant model effectively reproduced the biodegradation behavior observed in vascular graft implants. The degradation was most pronounced in the softer Shore 80A polyurethanes and less pronounced in the harder 55D and 75D polyurethanes. The degradation could not simply be stopped by stress annealing the polyurethane and the degradation did not require the presence of metallic ions. Antioxidants, surface adsorbed albumin, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) grafting, silicone copolymerization, tetrafluoroethylene plasma discharge and the addition of urea linkages to the polymer were also shown to be ineffective in stopping the biodegradation process. In contrast, covalent bonding or grafting of silicone polymer to the surface of the urethane successfully inhibited the biodegradation process.
Low-Temperature Flux Growth and Upconversion Fluorescence of the Idiomorphic Hexagonal-System NaYF<sub>4</sub> and NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Ln (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm) Crystals (2011)

Idiomorphic NaYF4 and NaYF4:Ln (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm) crystals with upconversion fluorescence were successfully grown by the NaNO3 flux cooling method at a relatively low holding temperature. The grown NaYF4 and NaYF4:Ln crystals had a hexagonal prismatic form, and their well-developed surfaces were relatively flat. TEM images indicated that the NaYF4 crystals were of good crystallinity. Their size and shape were relatively uniform, and they were poorly aggregated. The crystal phase, form, and size depended on the growth temperature and the solute concentration. In contrast, the addition of dopant ions (Yb3+, Er3+, and Tm3+) did not affect the shape, morphology, or crystallinity of the flux-grown NaYF4:Ln crystals. Additionally, the upconversion fluorescence properties of NaYF4:Ln crystals were also dependent on the type and mixture ratio (i.e., starting composition) of the dopants. The green, orange, and blue upconversion fluorescences of NaYF4:10%Yb,1%Er, NaYF4:50%Yb,1%Er, and NaYF4:10%Yb,1%Tm crystals, respectively, were observed under 980 nm laser irradiation via two- or three-photon upconversion processes.
The Botulinum Toxin as a Therapeutic Agent: Molecular Structure and Mechanism of Action in Motor and Sensory Systems (2016)

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) produced by Clostridium botulinum is the most potent molecule known to mankind. Higher potency of BoNT is attributed to several factors, including structural and functional uniqueness, target specificity, and longevity. Although BoNT is an extremely toxic molecule, it is now increasingly used for the treatment of disorders related to muscle hyperactivity and glandular hyperactivity. Weakening of muscles due to peripheral action of BoNT produces a therapeutic effect. Depending on the target tissue, BoNT can block the cholinergic neuromuscular or cholinergic autonomic innervation of exocrine glands and smooth muscles. In recent observations of the analgesic properties of BoNT, the toxin modifies the sensory feedback loop to the central nervous system. Differential effects of BoNT in excitatory and inhibitory neurons provide a unique therapeutic tool. In this review the authors briefly summarize the structure and mechanism of actions of BoNT on motor and sensory neurons to explain its therapeutic effects and future potential.
A Study of Self-Aligned-Via Based All-in-One Etch (2014)

Trench-first-metal-hard-mask (TFMHM) approach has been widely utilized together with punch-through-via (PTV) scheme for copper interconnect formation since sub-65nm CMOS technology node. In this work, compared to the traditional PTV scheme on sub-45nm test vehicle, we successfully demonstrate that the self-aligned-via (SAV) based all-in-one (AIO) etch process could be fulfilled on thin metal hard-mask and is capable of delivering much better via related TDDB performance without the performance degradation of electromigration (EM), while the contact resistance (Rc) exists different trend with PTV scheme. The high etch selectivity is imperative in both partial via etch, trench etch and liner removal step to reduce the via encroachment on metal hard-mask, the via CD along the unconfined (metal hard-mask) direction should be also optimized to achieve the above desired performance without tiger teeth beneath via bottom. Both via and trench etch recipe need be well optimized to deal with etch stop, via bottom grass and polymer residue issues. Besides, SAV delivers much good yield performance even at misalignment via chain test key, which indicates its very robust overlay margin. But it suffers yield loss at some sub-rule test structure in which trench line end CD is strictly confined by nearby pattern.
Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism (2003)

The results do not support a causal relationship between childhood vaccination with thimerosal-containing vaccines and development of autistic-spectrum disorders.
Hadamard Spectroscopy (1970)

The basic concept of Hadamard spectroscopy is presented. General methods are given for the construction of cyclic measurement matrices. A new algorithm, which permits adaptation of the fast Hadamard transform to the calculation of spectral intensities when the measurement matrices are cyclic, is introduced. Some applications are also briefly discussed.
Detection of streets based on KLT using IKONOS multispectral images (2003)

In this paper we propose a target detection approach, in order to detect streets, using an IKONOS multispectral image, with 3 spectral bands, based on KLT - Karhunen-Loeve transform. Our approach is trained to track for asphalt areas, with the aim of finding out the asphalt streets on the image. The approach performs dimensionality reduction, using only the eigenvectors with the highest eigenvalues, generating an eigenspace of low dimension. The target detection is done finding out the shortest Euclidean distance among the primitives of the new images and the primitives of the class we are working with.
Online memory compression for embedded systems (2010)

Memory is a scarce resource during embedded system design. Increasing memory often increases packaging costs, cooling costs, size, and power consumption. This article presents CRAMES, a novel and efficient software-based RAM compression technique for embedded systems. The goal of CRAMES is to dramatically increase effective memory capacity without hardware or application design changes, while maintaining high performance and low energy consumption. To achieve this goal, CRAMES takes advantage of an operating system's virtual memory infrastructure by storing swapped-out pages in compressed format. It dynamically adjusts the size of the compressed RAM area, protecting applications capable of running without it from performance or energy consumption penalties. In addition to compressing working data sets, CRAMES also enables efficient in-RAM filesystem compression, thereby further increasing RAM capacity. CRAMES was implemented as a loadable module for the Linux kernel and evaluated on a battery-powered embedded system. Experimental results indicate that CRAMES is capable of doubling the amount of RAM available to applications running on the original system hardware. Execution time and energy consumption for a broad range of examples are rarely affected. When physical RAM is reduced to 62.5% of its original quantity, CRAMES enables the target embedded system to support the same applications with reasonable performance and energy consumption penalties (on average 9.5% and 10.5%), while without CRAMES those applications either may not execute or suffer from extreme performance degradation or instability. In addition to presenting a novel framework for dynamic data memory compression and in-RAM filesystem compression in embedded systems, this work identifies the software-based compression algorithms that are most appropriate for use in low-power embedded systems.
Florae Malesianae Precursores II. The Convolvulaceae of Malaysia IX (1953)

Erycibe beccariana Hoogl. sp. nov. â Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus sparsim stellato-hirsutis, adultioribus glabrescentibus cortice rimis longitudinalibus fisso. Folia elliptica ad elliptico-oblonga, 9â13 X 4â 71/2 cm, apice breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel minute cordata, supra glabra, subtus sparsim stellato-hirsuta, glabrescentia; petiolus 8â13 mm longus. Inflorescentiae axillares, paniculatae, c. 6â12-florae, 1â2 cm longae, stellato-hirsutae, bracteis minutis, caducis. Flores pedicello 2â 4 mm longo bracteolis 2 minutis, caducis. Sepala 2 exteriora transversoovalia, c. 2.5 X 3 mm, 2 interiora transverso-elliptica, c. 2.7 X 4.5 mm, extus stellato-hirsuta, intus glabra. Corolla c. 8.5 mm longa; areae mesopetalinae c. 4 X 3 mm, adpresso-hirsutae pilis praesertim 4â6-ramosis; lobuli c. 3.6 mm longi, 3 mm lati, margine undulati. Stamina c. 1.1 mm supra corollae basin inserta,, filamento 1.6 mm longo, basi c. 0.6 mm lato, anthera c. 2.3 mm longa, 1 mm lata, 0.8 mm crassa, apice acuminata acumine sterili c. 0.6 mm longo, basi subcordata. Ovarium ellipsoideum, c. 1.1 mm longum, 1.8 mm diam., glabrum; stigma conicum, c. 1 mm altum, 1.8 mm diam., radiatim 10-carinatum carinis 5 maioribus 5 minoribus alternantibus.\nTypes: Beccari P.P. 91, holotype in FI; paratype: Beccari P.P. 532 (FI). New Guinea.
Theory of Ballooning Modes in Tokamaks with Finite Shear (1977)

We studied ballooning instabilities in tokamaks of arbitrary cross section and finite shear. These azimuthally localized, ideal magnetohydrodynamic modes have large toroidal-mode numbers, but finite variation along the field and across the flux surfaces. Stability is determined by solving a second-order ordinary differential equation on each flux surface, subject to the proper boundary conditions. Qualitative agreement is achieved with the Princeton pest stability code.
Über Gravitationswellen (1918)

<br> @article{einstein_gravitationswellen_1918,<br> title = {{Ü}ber {Gravitationswellen}},<br> url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5442768},<br> abstract = {Not Available},<br> urldate = {},<br> journal = {{Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin)}},<br> author = {Einstein, Albert}, DOI={10.5281/zenodo.5442768},<br> year = {1918},<br> pages = {154--167},<br> file = {}<br> }
Trust-aware recommender systems (2007)

Recommender Systems based on Collaborative Filtering suggest to users items they might like. However due to data sparsity of the input ratings matrix, the step of finding similar users often fails. We propose to replace this step with the use of a trust metric, an algorithm able to propagate trust over the trust network and to estimate a trust weight that can be used in place of the similarity weight. An empirical evaluation on Epinions.com dataset shows that Recommender Systems that make use of trust information are the most effective in term of accuracy while preserving a good coverage. This is especially evident on users who provided few ratings.
Hepatitis C Virus Core from Two Different Genotypes Has an Oncogenic Potential but Is Not Sufficient for Transforming Primary Rat Embryo Fibroblasts in Cooperation with the H-<i>ras</i>Oncogene (1998)

Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To examine the oncogenic potential of the HCV core gene product, primary rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) were transfected with the core gene in the presence or absence of the H-ras oncogene. In contrast to a previous report (R. B. Ray, L. M. Lagging, K. Meyer, and R. Ray, J. Virol. 70:4438-4443, 1996), HCV core proteins from two different genotypes (type 1a and type 1b) were not found to transform REFs to tumorigenic phenotype in cooperation with the H-ras oncogene, although the core protein was successfully expressed 20 days after transfection. In addition, REFs transfected with E1A- but not core-expressing plasmid showed the phenotype of immortalized cells when selected with G418. The biological activity was confirmed by observing the transcription activation from two viral promoters, Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat and simian virus 40 promoter, which are known to be activated by the core protein from HCV-1 isolate. In contrast to the result with primary cells, the Rat-1 cell line, stably expressing HCV core protein, exhibited focus formation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation in nude mice. HCV core protein was able to induce the transformation of Rat-1 cells with various efficiencies depending on the expression level of the core protein. These results indicate that HCV core protein has an oncogenic potential to transform the Rat-1 cell line but is not sufficient to either immortalize primary REFs by itself or transform primary cells in conjunction with the H-ras oncogene.
Minimization of threshold voltage variation in SOI MOSFETs (2002)

SOI NMOS devices incorporating the constant dose design concept were fabricated. The devices had a gate oxide of 8 nm, a buried oxide of 380 nm, and a silicon film thickness (t/sub Si/) that ranged between 42 nm to 53 nm. All measurements were taken on long channel (L/sub eff/>2 /spl mu/m) devices. The devices implanted with the lowest energy of 20 keV are less sensitive to t/sub Si/ variations than those with the higher implant energy conditions. For comparison, the threshold voltage (V/sub T/) calculated from the analytical model of Lim et al. (1983) is also shown for the constant substrate dopings of 3/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ and 4/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/. The V/sub T/ sensitivity to t/sub Si/ variations was reduced considerably by using the constant dose design concept.
Osteochondral tissue engineering using a biphasic collagen/GAG scaffold containing rhFGF18 or BMP‐7 in an ovine model (2014)

Statistically significant improvements in gross repair, mechanical properties and histological score were found over empty defects when Chondromimetic was combined with rhFGF18. These results suggest that rhFGF18 may play a significant role in articular cartilage repair applications.
Suppression of delta-sigma DAC quantisation noise by bandwidth adaptation (2007)

In this paper we present a system for adapting the bandwidth of a ΔΣ DAC based on the spectral contents of the input signal. By dynamically adjusting the bandwidth of the converter based on the transitory requirements of the input signal, quantisation noise can be suppressed further in frequency bands that are idle. It is shown how a compression scheme can be exploited to efficiently obtain the spectral information needed.
Contrast enhanced dynamic MRI of cervical carcinoma during radiotherapy: early prediction of tumour regression rate. (1999)

This prospective study investigated the relationship between changes in the MRI dynamic enhancement of cervical carcinoma early during radiotherapy, and tumour regression rate throughout radiotherapy. A total of 36 MRI examinations was performed in seven patients with cervical carcinoma, including a T2 weighted sequence weekly during radiotherapy and also a multislice dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced sequence before and after the first 2 weeks of radiotherapy. Tumour enhancement was determined on dynamic images using a region of interest and signal-to-noise ratio method. Serial tumour volumes over time on T2 weighted images were estimated using the Cavalieri method of modern design-based stereology to obtain tumour regression rate. It was found that peak and mean enhancement prior to radiotherapy ranged from 3.0 to 13.3, and from 1.9 to 12.2, respectively. After 2 weeks of radiotherapy, peak and mean enhancement ranged from 7.5 to 13.0, and from 6.3 to 10.6, respectively. The change in peak and mean tumour enhancement between dynamic scans ranged, respectively, from -2.0 to 8.4 and from -4.5 to 8.5. Tumour volume decreased exponentially with time (p < 0.01). Tumour regression rates ranged from 2.0% to 15.2% per day, and correlated positively with changes of both peak and mean tumour enhancement (p < 0.01). It is concluded that MRI dynamic enhancement during the first 2 weeks of radiotherapy may provide early prediction of tumour regression rate, and therefore be of value in designing treatment schedules for cervical carcinoma.
alpha-Bungarotoxin-luciferin as a bioluminescent probe for characterization of acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system. (1984)

Firefly luciferin, a substrate for luciferase-catalyzed light emission, has been covalently linked to alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and shown to be an extremely sensitive nonradioactive probe to study nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The concentration of nicotinic receptors was measured in several regions of the rat brain, with highest concentrations present in hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Using rat cerebral cortex homogenate, it was determined that alpha-BTX-luciferin binding is saturable with a high affinity (apparent KD = 0.43 nM) and low capacity (42 fmol/mg of protein). The specificity of alpha-BTX-luciferin binding was demonstrated by the ability of various cholinergic agonists and antagonists to inhibit binding. alpha-BTX, lobeline (a cholinergic agonist) and d-tubocurarine (a nicotinic antagonist) are the most potent inhibitors of specific alpha-BTX-luciferin binding (inhibition constant, KI = 0.12, 60, and 60 nM, respectively). Scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist, is the least potent inhibitor examined (KI greater than 10 mM). The sensitivity of this assay to detect alpha-BTX-luciferin is approximately 3 X 10(-17) mol and allows us to measure alpha-BTX-luciferin binding to tissue samples containing less than 10 micrograms of protein. This represents an approximate 50-fold increase of sensitivity over conventional ligand-receptor assays using 125I-alpha-BTX. These results provide the basis for an ultrasensitive assay using nonradioactive probes in the quantitation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Conjugation of luciferin to other molecules will lead to the development of sensitive bioluminescent immuno- and receptor assays.