gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIHYDROÖROTIC ACID (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDIHYDROÖROTIC ACIDCharles S. Miller, Janice T. Gordon, and Edward L. EngelhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 23, 6086–6087Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01119a549https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01119a549research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enantioselective Henry Reactions under Dual Lewis Acid/Amine Catalysis Using Chiral Amino Alcohol Ligands (2005)

A simple assembly of commercially available materials, namely, zinc triflate (Zn(OTf)2), a tertiary amine base (iPr2EtN), and reusable (+)-N-methylephedrine, effectively activates the Henry reaction between aldehydes and nitromethane (see scheme). The catalytic system can be used in substoichiometric quantities and leads to good yields and enantioselectivities. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z463075_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Matching the Blanks: Distributional Similarity for Relation Learning (2019)

General purpose relation extractors, which can model arbitrary relations, are a core aspiration in information extraction. Efforts have been made to build general purpose extractors that represent relations with their surface forms, or which jointly embed surface forms with relations from an existing knowledge graph. However, both of these approaches are limited in their ability to generalize. In this paper, we build on extensions of Harris' distributional hypothesis to relations, as well as recent advances in learning text representations (specifically, BERT), to build task agnostic relation representations solely from entity-linked text. We show that these representations significantly outperform previous work on exemplar based relation extraction (FewRel) even without using any of that task's training data. We also show that models initialized with our task agnostic representations, and then tuned on supervised relation extraction datasets, significantly outperform the previous methods on Se-mEval 2010 Task 8, KBP37, and TACRED.
The von Hippel-Lindau Gene and Protein in Tumorigenesis and Angiogenesis: A Potential Target for Therapeutic Designs (2003)

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein is able to suppress tumor growth and to down-regulate many angiogenic factors, and is ubiquitously detected in adult and fetal tissues. This makes VHL an excellent target for therapeutic intervention. Observation of VHL alterations in sporadic tumors has been increasing as a result of examination of abnormalities other than intragenic mutations. These abnormalities include loss of chromosome 3p25, changes in the promoter, down-regulation of transcript, and changes in protein level. This article also presents the finding of differential expression of two common VHL proteins among rat tissues, suggesting tissue- and development-dependent functional difference between these two isoforms. Molecular pathways linking VHL to angiogenesis have been extensively characterized and mechanisms have been proposed to explain how altered VHL leads to tumorigenesis. VHL functions in the presence of oxygen and/or oxygen species. Two strategies are proposed here for anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic treatments of VHL-deficient tumors and those without detectable VHL intragenic mutations. One is to restore wild-type VHL function in VHL-deficient tumors and the other is to enhance wild-type VHL expression and activity in tumors under hypoxic conditions.
Arabidopsis eIF3e (INT-6) Associates with Both eIF3c and the COP9 Signalosome Subunit CSN7 (2001)

The Arabidopsis COP9 signalosome is a multisubunit repressor of photomorphogenesis that is conserved among eukaryotes. This complex may have a general role in development. As a step in dissecting the biochemical mode of action of the COP9 signalosome, we determined the sequence of proteins that copurify with this complex. Here we describe the association between components of the COP9 signalosome (CSN1, CSN7, and CSN8) and two subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), eIF3e (p48, known also as INT-6) and eIF3c (p105). To obtain a biochemical marker for Arabidopsis eIF3, we cloned the Arabidopsis ortholog of the eIF3 subunit eIF3b (PRT1). eIF3e coimmunoprecipitated with CSN7, and eIF3c coimmunoprecipitated with eIF3e, eIF3b, CSN8, and CSN1. eIF3e directly interacted with CSN7 and eIF3c. However, eIF3e and eIF3b cofractionated by gel filtration chromatography in a complex that was larger than the COP9 signalosome. Whereas eIF3, as detected through eIF3b, localized solely to the cytoplasm, eIF3e, like CSN7, was also found in the nucleus. This suggests that eIF3e and eIF3c are probably components of multiple complexes and that eIF3e and eIF3c associate with subunits of the COP9 signalosome, even though they are not components of the COP9 signalosome core complex. This interaction may allow for translational control by the COP9 signalosome.
Voltage compensation in weak distribution networks using a D-STATCOM (2004)

Voltage regulation of long weak distribution lines is a challenging problem, particularly when it may not be economic to simply upgrade the network. D-STATCOMs offer an attractive alternative, with their potential to provide both steady state and transient voltage compensation for a limited capital investment. However, operation of these systems with weak networks needs careful attention to achieve a stable and fast response under all supply conditions. This paper proposes a new cascade loop control strategy to regulate and balance the voltage at a distribution bus using a D-STATCOM which, compared to other reported strategies, is more robust and works well under all system conditions. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the stability of this control strategy across a range of operating conditions.
Exploiting fast carry-chains of FPGAs for designing compressor trees (2009)

Fast carry chains featuring dedicated adder circuitry is a distinctive feature of modern FPGAs. The carry chains bypass the general routing network and are embedded in the logic blocks of FPGAs for fast addition. Conventional intuition is that such carry chains can be used only for implementing carry-propagate addition; state-of-the-art FPGA synthesizers can only exploit the carry chains for these specific circuits. This paper demonstrates that the carry chains can be used to build compressor trees, i.e., multi-input addition circuits used for parallel accumulation and partial product reduction for parallel multipliers implemented in FPGA logic. The key to our technique is to program the lookup tables (LUTs) in the logic blocks to stop the propagation of carry bits along the carry chain at appropriate points. This approach improves the area of compressor trees significantly compared to previous methods that synthesized compressor trees solely on LUTs, without compromising the performance gain over trees built from ternary carry-propagate adders.
Surface Tension, Density, Viscosity, and Electrical Resistivity of Molten Binary Alkaline‐Earth Borates (1954)

Results of an investigation of some properties of the systems CaO‐B 2 O 3 , SrO‐B 2 O 3 , and BaO‐B 2 O 3 are reported. The formation of two liquids at low RO concentrations limited the range of compositions which could be measured. The values of surface tension and temperature coefficient of surface tension obtained for compositions where two immiscible liquids exist corresponded closely to those for pure B 2 O 3 . At RO concentrations above the two–liquid regions the surface tension rose sharply with increasing RO content. The densities in the liquid range as well as at room temperature were in the order Ba > Sr > Ca. The introduction of RO into B 2 0 3 caused contractions in the glass network; the order of the contracting effect was Ca > Sr > Ba. Neither the method of Huggins or of Stevels was satisfactory for representing the density behavior of these glasses. The viscosity isotherms of barium borate liquids in the temperature range 850° to 950°C. showed maxima at about 22 to 23 mole yo BaO; the other two systems were too fluid for the counterbalanced sphere apparatus used in this work. The equivalent conductance increased with RO concentration; the order for both specific and equivalent conductance at corresponding concentrations was Ba > Sr > Ca.
<i>In vivo</i> localization of anti‐osteogenic sarcoma 791T monoclonal antibody in osteogenic sarcoma xenografts (1982)

Abstract Monoclonal antibody 791T/36, (mouse IgG 2b ) to the human osteogenic sarcoma 791T was isolated from hybridoma supernatants or ascites fluid and labelled with radioiodine. Following injection into immuno‐deprived CBA mice with subcutaneous xenografts of human osteogenic sarcomas 791T, 788T and 20s, reactive antibody was detectable in the circulation and there was a preferential uptake into tumour tissue compared with muscle, bone or visceral organs. The tumour uptake of radioactivity correlated with the size of the xenograft, up to 20% of the total body counts being within the tumour. Autoradiography of tissue sections showed activity mainly within the subcapsular regions of the xenografts. There was no tumour localization of radio‐labelled normal IgG. Furthermore, with a colon carcinoma and a bladder carcinoma, both unreactive with the 791T/36 antibody, there was no localization of radiolabelled antibody in xenograft growths. With 791T/36 monoclonal antibody labelled with 131 I localization into 791T xenografts could be visualized by whole‐body gamma scintigraphy with computerized 99m Tc‐pertechnetate or 113m In‐indium chloride‐labelled blood pool subtraction. These studies demonstrate the potential of monoclonal antibody to a human tumour for in vivo localization both for diagnostic purposes and as a carrier for therapeutic agents.
Indicator-based multi-objective local search (2007)

This paper presents a simple and generic indicator-based multi-objective local search. This algorithm is a direct extension of the 1BEA algorithm, an indicator-based evolutionary algorithm proposed in 2004 by Zitzler and Kuenzli, where the optimization goal is defined in terms of a binary indicator defining the selection operator. The methodology proposed in this paper has been defined in order to be easily adaptable and to be as parameter-independent as possible. We carry out a range of experiments on different binary indicators: Those used in IBEA experiments, and also the indicators derived from classical Pareto ranking methods taken from well-known multi-objective evolutionary algorithms of the literature. Experiments show that the best results are obtained using selection indicators which are not only based on Pareto dominance relation. Moreover, the generic local search algorithm presented in this paper and the proposed indicators obtain promising results which lead to a number of future research directions.
ROF Technologies Applied for Cellular and Wireless Systems (2005)

Two kinds of ROF systems are presented. First kind is applied for current cellular systems in Japan. Indoor service area is covered by ROF access units which are connected to an base ROF unit by optical fiber cables. The features are the compactness of the equipment and triple bands operation. Second kind adopts new ROF technologies. It can be used in the various situation, even usual ROF systems are not applicable, since it operates without electric power supply. Key technologies are impedance matching between RF circuits and E/O devices, ultra low power consumption RF amplifier, and optical power transmission. Experiments were carried out at 2.45 GHz band. E/O device conversion loss was reduced around 7 dB by 3-stub type impedance tuner. Electric power of 26.5 mW was obtained at the base station. By using an RF amplifier, no degradation was observed for reverse link transmission.
Modeling and analysis of a new linear actuator (2002)

A new linear actuator is proposed to replace the rotating drive of an alternating fluid pump to reduce transmission losses. Two springs are used by the actuator to form an oscillatory system with the moving mass. Besides, to reduce eddy current losses, a rectangular system with a laminated iron core is used. The proposed structure combines permanent magnets with a reluctant system to produce the 300 W mechanical power over a 13 mm stroke fed directly from a single phase 60 Hz outlet. Ferrite magnets are used due to its low price leading to a minimum actuator cost. A mathematical model was developed to study the dynamic performance of the device. The simulation of the actuator's dynamics shows that the main design criteria where correct and that the load requirements where satisfied.
Multilineal hematopoiesis in a three-dimensional murine long-term bone marrow culture. (1995)

The highly packed cell density and the three-dimensional structure in the hematopoietic compartment of bone marrow facilitate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions known to be important for hematopoietic activities. To provide a similar environment in vitro, we developed a long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) system, continuously perfused with Dexter's medium, employing packed, highly porous bovine collagen microspheres as the matrix support for marrow cell growth. Using murine bone marrow as a model, we found that the culture system differed from the conventional flask culture in the following ways: 1) as revealed by the electron microscopy, the bone marrow cells in the culture system grew in a three-dimensional configuration, similar to that in vivo, 2) the cell output from the culture system at 37 degrees C was virtually the same as that at 33 degrees C, and 3) in the absence of exogenous growth factors, except those in the serum, the culture system produced lymphoid cells and all stages of committed cells (i.e., erythrocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and megakaryocytes), thus indicating multilineal differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, cell clusters resembling erythroblastic islands were observed in the absence of exogenous erythropoietin (Epo). The culture system appears to provide a different microenvironment than that of the flask culture and may be used as an alternative model for hematopoiesis.
Enhanced electrocatalytic performance of cobalt oxide nanocubes incorporating reduced graphene oxide as a modified platinum electrode for methanol oxidation (2014)

Cobalt oxide nanocubes incorporating reduced graphene oxide were prepared by a hydrothermal method and used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.
Metabolism of platelet activating factor and related ether lipids: enzymatic pathways, subcellular sites, regulation, and membrane processing. (1988)

It has been established for some time that ether-linked lipids (0-alkyl and 0-alk-1-enyl) are naturally occurring glycerolipid analogs of the better known diacyl counterparts. Ether-linked glycerolipids are a prominent membrane component in a variety of mammalian cells and more recently a novel acetylated group of ether lipids (PAF and related types) has been shown to be potent bioactive mediators involved in both physiological and pathological processes. This report has highlighted existing knowledge about the metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis and catabolism of ether-linked lipids and has discussed some of the regulatory factors involved. Formation of the 0-alkyl linkage between acyl-DHAP and the fatty alcohol in the initial step is catalyzed by alkyl-DHAP synthase; this reaction is unique to ether lipids. The subsequent reaction steps that form the alkylacyl types of neutral lipids and phospholipids are analogous to those in the well known pathway for the biosynthesis of the diacyl type of glycerolipids. PAF biosynthesis can occur via either remodeling or de novo routes, both catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes. Remodeling occurs by the reacetylation of alkyllysoglycerophosphocholines with an acetate by an acetyltransferase, whereas de novo synthesis procedes by the direct conversion of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P to PAF via sequential steps catalyzed by an acetyltransferase, a phosphohydrolase, and cholinephosphotransferase. The remodeling pathway (but not the de novo route) is activated by inflammatory agents and it is thought to be the primary source of PAF under pathological conditions. In contrast, the de novo pathway appears to maintain physiological levels of PAF for normal cellular function. Catabolic enzymes such as acetylhydrolase, lysophospholipase D, and a Pte.H4-dependent alkyl monooxygenase also are important in regulating PAF and lyso-PAF levels. PAF appears to be processed and translocated intracellularly much more rapidly than other types of phospholipids (i.e., than those possessing long chain acyl groups). The mechanism of how PAF is released from cells is poorly understood, as is the function of the substantial quantities of PAF that remain intracellularly sequestered once it is formed. Solution of these problems should soon be forthcoming since a number of laboratories have already made considerable progress in these areas.
A direct fingerprint minutiae extraction approach based on convolutional neural networks (2016)

Minutiae, as the essential features of fingerprints, play a significant role in fingerprint recognition systems. Most existing minutiae extraction methods are based on a series of hand-defined preprocesses such as binarization, thinning and enhancement. However, these preprocesses require strong prior knowledge and are always lossy operations. And that will lead to dropped or false extractions of minutiae. In this paper, a novel minutiae extraction approach based on deep convolutional neural networks is proposed, which directly extract minutiae on raw fingerprint images without any preprocess since we tactfully take the advantage of the strong representative capacity of deep convolutional neural networks. Minutiae can be effectively extracted due to the well designed architectures. Furthermore, the accuracy is guaranteed in that the comprehensive estimate is made to eliminate spurious minutiae. Moreover, a number of implement skills are employed both to avoid overfitting and to improve the robustness. This approach makes a good performance because it not only makes all use of information in fingerprint images but also learns the minutiae patterns from large amounts of data. Comparisons are made with previous works and a widely applied commercial fingerprint identification system. Results show that our approach performs better both in accuracy and robustness.
한국사회에서의 가치관 변화와 가치에 관한 명제의 도출 (1994)

구한말(1860년경)이래 70년대까지의 한국인에 관한 외국인 견문록들과 60년대 이래의 가치관조사 연구들을 토대로 80년대까지의 약 100년간에 걸친 한국사회의 가치관 변화를 개관하고 이를 토대로 가치의 상실, 가치의 생성과 변화, 그리고 한국사회에서의 가치연구방법에 관한 27개의 명제를 제시했다.
Shedding light on nanomedicine (2012)

Light is an electromagnetic radiation that can convert its energy into different forms (e.g., heat, chemical energy, and acoustic waves). This property has been exploited in phototherapy (e.g., photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT)) and optical imaging (e.g., fluorescence imaging) for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Light-controlled therapies can provide minimally- or noninvasive spatiotemporal control as well as deep tissue penetration. Nanotechnology provides numerous advantages, including selective targeting of tissues, prolongation of therapeutic effect, protection of active payloads, and improved therapeutic indices. This review explores the advances that nanotechnology can bring to light-based therapies and diagnostics, and vice versa, including photo-triggered systems, nanoparticles containing photoactive molecules, and nanoparticles that are themselves photoactive. Limitations of light-based therapies such as photic injury and phototoxicity are discussed.
Indoor location recognition using fusion of SVM-based visual classifiers (2010)

We apply our general-purpose algorithm for visual category recognition using bag-of-visual-words and other visual features and fusion of SVM classifiers to the recognition of indoor locations. This is an important application in many emerging fields, such as mobile augmented reality and autonomous robots. We evaluate the proposed method with other location recognition systems in the ImageCLEF 2010 RobotVision contest. The results show that given a large enough training set, a purely appearance-based method can perform very well - ranked first for one of the contest's training sets.
Stacked 3D RRAM Array with Graphene/CNT as Edge Electrodes (2015)

There are two critical challenges which determine the array density of 3D RRAM: 1) the scaling limit in both horizontal and vertical directions; 2) the integration of selector devices in 3D structure. In this work, we present a novel 3D RRAM structure using low-dimensional materials, including 2D graphene and 1D carbon nanotube (CNT), as the edge electrodes. A two-layer 3D RRAM with monolayer graphene as edge electrode is demonstrated. The electrical results reveal that the RRAM devices could switch normally with this very thin edge electrode at nanometer scale. Meanwhile, benefited from the asymmetric carrier transport induced by Schottky barrier at metal/CNT and oxide/CNT interfaces, a selector built-in 3D RRAM structure using CNT as edge electrode is successfully fabricated and characterized. Furthermore, the discussion of high array density potential is presented.
Influence of pH on microbial hydrogen metabolism in diverse sedimentary ecosystems (1988)

Hydrogen transformation kinetic parameters were measured in sediments from anaerobic systems covering a wide range of environmental pH values to assess the influence of pH on hydrogen metabolism. The concentrations of dissolved hydrogen were measured and hydrogen transformation kinetics of the sediments were monitored in the laboratory by monitoring hydrogen consumption progress curves. The hydrogen turnover rate constants (kt) decreased directly as a function of decreasing sediment pH, and the maximum hydrogen uptake velocities (Vmax) varied as a function of pH within each of the trophic states. Conversely, the half-saturation concentrations (Km) were independent of pH. The steady-state hydrogen concentrations were at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than the half-saturation constants for hydrogen uptake. Dissolved hydrogen concentrations were at least fivefold higher in sediments from eutrophic systems than from oligotrophic and dystrophic systems. The rates of hydrogen production determined from the assumption of steady state decreased with sediment pH. These data indicate that progressively lower pH values inhibit microbial hydrogen-producing and -consuming processes within sedimentary ecosystems.