gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quinone Imides. XXVIII. Addition of Active Methylene Compounds to p-Quinonedibenzenesulfonimide and its Derivatives (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinone Imides. XXVIII. Addition of Active Methylene Compounds to p-Quinonedibenzenesulfonimide and its DerivativesRoger Adams and Dale C. BlomstromCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 14, 3403–3405Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01110a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01110a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Syngas production via methane steam reforming with oxygen: plasma reactors versus chemical reactors (2001)

Steam reforming with oxygen (SRO) is a combination of non-catalytic partial oxidation and steam reforming of methane, industrially used for syngas production. There are several models of the chemical reactors used for this purpose but in the last decade a new direction has developed - plasma devices. The aim of the present paper is to make a comparative analysis between the autothermal reformers, including their improved variants, and the plasma reactors. The study is conceived in terms of advantages and disadvantages coming from the exploitation parameters, methane conversion, selectivity, energy efficiency and investment costs. Although SRO by means of chemical reactors may be the most efficient, plasma reactors represent an incisive approach by their simplicity, compactness and low price.
Thermosensitive Micelles Based on Folate‐Conjugated Poly(<i>N</i>‐vinylcaprolactam)<i>‐block‐</i>Poly(ethylene glycol) for Tumor‐Targeted Drug Delivery (2009)

Thermosensitive PNVCL-b-PEG block copolymer coupled with folic acid was prepared as an anti-cancer drug carrier. This polymer self-assembled into stable micelles in aqueous solutions at above 33 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the release profile of PNVCL-b-PEG-FA micelles showed a slower and more controlled release of the entrapped 5-FU than that at 25 degrees C. The blank and 5-FU-loaded PNVCL-b-PEG-FA micelles did not induce remarkable cytotoxicity against the EA.hy 926 human endothelial cell line; however, 5-FU-loaded PNVCL-b-PEG-FA micelles showed a cytotoxicity effect against 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells due to the availability of loaded anti-cancer drugs delivered to the inside of the cancer cells by the folate-receptor-mediated endocytosis process.
Novel Cerebellum-Enriched miR-592 May Play a Role in Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Neuronal Maturation Through Regulating Lrrc4c and Nfasc in Rat (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-encoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. MiRNAs may characterize not only specific stages of the development of the neural cell population in CNS, but also distinct types of neural cells. However, the common pathways of the neural enriched miRNAs involved in neurogenesis of specific cell lineages remain poorly understood. In this report, in order to get insights into the common role of the miRNAs shared by cerebellum and forebrain, we studied the regulatory mechanism of neural enriched-miRNA in neural progenitor cell (NPCs) differentiation. Here, we identified a new cerebellum-enriched rno-miR-592 in rat cerebellum. It showed that rno-miR-592 was a neural enriched miRNA and may play an important role in rat embryonic neurogenesis or/and astrogliogenesis. We used both gain-of -function and loss-of -function approaches to demonstrate that rno-miR-592 could change the balance between neuron- and astrocyte- like differentiation and neuronal morphology. We observed that miR-592 could induce astrogliogenesis differentiation arrest or/and enhance neurogenesis in vitro. Meanwhile, silencing of miR-592 was not beneficial for neuronal maturation. We also identified Lrrc4c and Nfasc as miR-592 target genes, and miR-592 could affect the changes of Lrrc4c and Nfasc expression levels, suggesting that these two target genes may be involved in miR-592 regulative function in NPCs differentiation and neuronal maturation. Thus, we conclude that rno-miR-592 may affect the neural lineage differentiation via reducing astrogliogenesis or/and enhancing neurogenesis at least in part through regulating its target genes Lrrc4c and Nfasc in vitro. Together, we report here for the first time the important role of miR-592 in rat NPCs differentiation and neuronal maturation.
Evaluation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as a Biomarker of Healing Process Progression of Simple Diaphyseal Fractures in Adult Patients (2013)

In day to day practice, progression of bone healing is assessed mainly by clinico-radiological parameters. Furthermore, clinicians are unable to identify the delayed and nonunions early, and even advanced imaging techniques may not be helpful in these cases; hereby increasing the suffering period of the patients. Serum biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suggestive of bone formation, may be clinically useful in evaluating the progress of fracture healing. Changes in serum ALP levels were noted at definitive intervals in 95 adult patients (enrolled as per inclusion/exclusion criterion) with simple traumatic diaphyseal fractures of both bones of leg. Regular follow up of these patients was done till either bone union was completed or maximum up to the end of 09 month. The changes in serum ALP levels were recorded and correlated with the clinico-radiological progression of fracture healing in these patients.Depending on the clinico-radiological parameters of
The design of user interfaces for Digital speech recognition software (1996)

puters using toggle switches, punched cards, and punched paper tape. In the 1970s, the common control mechanism was the keyboard on teletypes and on video terminals. In the 1980s, with the advent of graphical user interfaces, people found that a new mode of interaction with the computer was useful. The concept of a pointer—the mouse—evolved. Its popularity grew such that the mouse is now a standard component of every modern computer. In the 1990s, the time is right to add yet another mode of interaction with the computer. As compute power grows each year, the boundary of the man–machine interface can move from interaction that is native to the computer toward communication that is natural to humans, that is, speech recognition.
Proposal of Non-Contact Type Interface of Command Input Using Lip Motion Features (2009)

Lip motion features are of practical use in identifying individuals. It is therefore important to develop non-contact type interface. For the interface using lip motion features, individual differences such as accents and dialects in commands should be accepted. In this paper, we propose a method to identify commands by analyzing three kinds of lip motion features. They are lip width, lip length, and ratio of width and length. The analysis is made on the basis of these features' relative values obtained from the primary and object frame. The proposed method has three steps. First, we extracted the lip motion features on the basis of both positions and shapes of lip in each frame of facial images. Second, standard patterns were created from features of six utterances per command. The standard pattern is able to reduce the relative difference in the lip motion features. Third, similarities among commands were computed by Dynamic-Programming (DP) matching. And then, the command with the largest similarity was selected as the target one.Our experimental results suggest that proposed method is useful to construct the non-contact type interface of command input using lip motion features.
Quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenase in<i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i>LMD 79.41: the membrane-bound enzyme is distinct from the soluble enzyme (1988)

Abstract Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is known to contain soluble and membrane-bound quinoprotein D -glucose dehydrogenases while other oxidative bacteria such as Pseudomonas or Gluconobacter contain only membrane-bound enzyme. The two different forms were believed to be the same enzyme or interconvertible. Present results show that the two different forms of glucose dehydrogenase are distinct from each other in their enzymatic and immunological properties as well as in their molecular size. The two enzyme forms were separated after French press-disruption by repeated ultracentrifugation. The soluble and membrane-bound enzymes showed different properties including substrate specificity, kinetics for glucose, and reactivity for ubiquinone-homologues. Importantly, the distinct properties of both enzymes could be retained even after partial purification of the soluble enzyme and solubilization of the membrane-bound enzyme with Triton X-100. Furthermore, the two forms could be distinguished immunochemically; the membrane-bound form contains a polypeptide of 83 kDa cross-reactive with antibody raised against Pseudomonas enzyme while the soluble enzyme may be a 55 kDa peptide which is not cross-reactive with the antibody.
Study of probe-sample distance for biomedical spectra measurement (2011)

We investigated a number of probe-sample configurations and found that contact measurement could be the primary choice for single-fiber probes, but was very inefficient for multi-fiber probes. There was an optimal probe-sample distance for multi-fiber probes. By carefully choosing the probe-sample distance, the collection efficiency could be enhanced by 5-10 times. Our experiments demonstrated that the experimental results of the probe-sample distance dependence of collection efficiency in multi-fiber probes were in general agreement with our theory.
TIME OF FLIGHT STUDY ON CARRIER GENERATION AND TRANSPORT IN DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (2001)

Abstract Carrier generation and transport properties in discotic liquid crystal have been studied by means of a time-of-flight method. The anisotropy of the carrier mobility and dark conductivity has also been estimated using two types of electrode configurations, that is, a sandwich and inter-digited electrodes. The carrier mobility in the direction perpendicular to the columnar structure in the discotic phase has been estimated to be a less than that parallel to the columnar axis. The corresponding anisotropy in the dark conductivity is also confirmed in the discotic phase.
A perceptually tuned embedded zerotree image coder (2002)

Embedded zerotree wavelet coding (EZW), introduced by Shapiro (1993) and improved by Said and Pearlman (1996) using an algorithm based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), is a computationally inexpensive image coding technique and has proven to be very effective at minimizing the mean-square error (MSE) distortion measure. However, minimizing MSE does not guarantee preservation of good perceptual qualities in the decoded image, especially at low bit rates. In this paper we propose a perceptually-tuned embedded zerotree image codec (PEZ) that introduces a perceptual weighting to the wavelet transform coefficients prior to EZW encoding. In this coder the EZW minimizes a perceptually based distortion measure instead of MSE. The perceptual weights for all subbands are computed based on the just noticeable distortion (JND) thresholds for uniform noise. The new perceptually tuned codec has the same complexity as the original EZW/SPIHT techniques and results in a comparable or superior coding performance. Coding results are presented to illustrate the performance of the new coder.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazines. Part 37. Novel Triazanaphthalene Derivatives via Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions of vic‐Disubstituted Pyridazines. (1989)

Abstract Ethyl 5‐benzyl‐4‐pyridazinecarboxylate (I) reacts with the dimethyl acetal (II) to give the enamine (III) which is cyclized to form the bicyclic derivatives (V), (VI), or (VIII).
Mean Shift Trackers with Cross-Bin Metrics (2011)

Cross-bin metrics have been shown to be more suitable than bin-by-bin metrics for measuring the distance between histograms in various applications. In particular, a visual tracker that minimizes the earth mover's distance (EMD) between the candidate and reference feature histograms has recently been proposed. This tracker was shown to be more robust than the Mean Shift tracker, which employs a bin-by-bin metric. In each frame, the former tracker iteratively shifts the candidate location by one pixel in the direction opposite to the EMD's gradient until no improvement is made. This optimization process involves the clustering of the candidate feature density in feature space, as well as the computation of the EMD between the candidate and reference feature histograms after each shift of the candidate location. In this paper, alternative trackers that employ cross-bin metrics as well, but that are based on Mean Shift (MS) iterations, are derived. The proposed trackers are simpler and faster due to 1) the use of MS-based optimization, which is not restricted to single pixel shifts, 2) abstention from any clustering of feature densities, and 3) abstention from EMD computations in multidimensional spaces.
XP-828L in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Psoriasis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2006)

Oral administration of 5 g/d XP-828L compared with a placebo significantly improved the PGA score of patients with mild to moderate psoriasis.
A Remote User Authentication Scheme Using Strong Graphical Passwords (2005)

Conventional remote user strong-password authentication schemes have the common drawback that the user has to memorize a hard-to-remember textual password, and therefore their applications are restricted. To solve this problem, we propose a remote user authentication scheme using strong graphical passwords in this paper. As graphical passwords are easy to remember for the user and conventionally dictionary attacks on graphical passwords are infeasible, the practicability of the proposed scheme is improved. Next, we show that the proposed scheme can withstand the replay attack, the password- file compromise attack, the denial-of-service attack, the predictable n attack, and the insider attack. In particular, the proposed scheme is easily reparable.
Pancreatic Cysts: Depiction on Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo MR Images (2002)

The prevalence of pancreatic cysts at single-shot fast SE MR imaging-especially cysts with a diameter smaller than 10 mm-is similar to that of pancreatic cysts at autopsy and higher than that of pancreatic cysts at transabdominal ultrasonography. Prevalence is especially high in patients with pancreatitis.
<title>Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA): a real-time solution for monitoring capillary blood flow and velocity</title> (1998)

To realize a non-contact, non-invasive and fast measurement of skin blood flow, we have developed the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) technique. The LASCA method is a spatial domain method, based on the aggregate of pixels composing a captured laser speckle image. The contrast calculation operates directly on these pixels. In this paper, we present the computer algorithms to achieve a real-time solution for monitoring capillary blood flow and velocity. First, we present an improved naive LASCA algorithm with the running time O(k<SUP>2</SUP>n), where n is the total number of pixels and k X k represents the size of the subimage considered. Then, we describe a fast LASCA algorithm, which takes time O(kn) to calculate the local contrasts. Finally, we use the fast sequential algorithm to design the first LASCA parallel algorithm to run on the CREW PRAM with the running time O(k/p n), where p is the number of processors. Experimental result shows that, to process a laser speckle image with the size of 640 X 480, it takes only about one second using the fast LASCA algorithm. Furthermore, our parallel algorithm is easily implemented to run under the Windows NT environment by using multi-threads technique.
Unique Ultra Shallow Junction Scheme with Conventional Activation Process (2006)

A unique ultra shallow junction scheme featured with integrating diffusion barrier into eSiGe:B strained pMOSFETs has been demonstrated. Embedded diffusion barrier (EDB) drastically suppresses boron out-diffusion from subsequent thermal treatment, thus resulting in superior short channel control. This approach enables the formation of ultra shallow junction, over 30% junction depth reduction, while simultaneously maintaining low extension resistance using conventional activation process only. Furthermore, eSiGe:B with embedded diffusion barrier (eSiGe:B w/ EDB) scheme can still retain local stress and enhanced pMOSFETs current. Device performance and barrier layer characteristics of eSiGe:B w/ EDB scheme are also reported in this work
SCALED-UP SYNTHESIS OF DISCODERMOLIDE (2004)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSCALED-UP SYNTHESIS OF DISCODERMOLIDEMultigram quantities of anticancer marine natural product synthesized by Novartis teamMICHAEL FREEMANTLEView Author Information C&EN LONDONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2004, 82, 9, 33–35Publication Date (Print):March 1, 2004Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 1 March 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v082n009.p033https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n009.p033newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Branching processes with immigration (1971)

Consider a branching process in which each individual reproduces independently of all others and has probability a j ( j = 0, 1, ···) of giving rise to j progeny in the following generation, and in which there is an independent immigration component where, with probability b j ( j = 0, 1, ···) j objects enter the population at each generation. Then letting X n ( n = 0, 1, ···) be the population size of the nth generation, it is known (Heathcote (1965), (1966)) that { X n } defines a Markov chain on the non-negative integers and it is called a branching process with immigration (b.p.i.). We shall call the process sub-critical or super-critical according as the mean number of offspring of an individual, , satisfies α < 1 or α > 1, respectively. Unless stated specifically to the contrary, we assume that the following condition holds.
Stability and Oligosaccharide Binding of the N1 Cellulose-Binding Domain of<i>Cellulomonas fimi</i>Endoglucanase CenC (1998)

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the thermal stability and oligosaccharide-binding thermodynamics of the N-terminal cellulose-binding domain of Cellulomonas fimi beta-1,4-glucanase CenC (CBDN1). CBDN1 has a relatively low maximum stability (delta Gmax = 33 kJ/mol = 216 J/residue at 1 degree C and pH 6.1) compared to other small single-domain globular proteins. The unfolding is fully reversible between pH 5.5 and 9 and in accordance with the two-state equilibrium model between pH 5.5 and 11. When the single disulfide bond in CBDN1 is reduced, the protein remains unfolded at all conditions, as judged by NMR spectroscopy. This indicates that the intramolecular cross-link makes a major contribution to the stability of CBDN1. The measured heat capacity change of unfolding (delta Cp = 7.5 kJ mol-1 K-1) agrees well with that calculated from the predicted changes in the solvent accessible nonpolar and polar surface areas upon unfolding. Extrapolation of the specific enthalpy and entropy of unfolding to their respective convergence temperature indicates that per residue unfolding energies for CBDN1, an isolated domain, are in accordance with those found by Privalov (1) for many single-domain globular proteins. DSC thermograms of the unfolding of CBDN1 in the presence of various concentrations of cellopentaose were fit to a thermodynamic model describing the linkage between protein-ligand binding and protein unfolding. A global two-dimensional minimization routine is used to regress the binding enthalpy, binding constant, and unfolding thermodynamics for the CBDN1-cellopentaose system. Extrapolated binding constants are in quantitative agreement with those determined by isothermal titration calorimetry at 35 degrees C.
An Optimized Dynamic Scene Change Detection Algorithm for H.264/AVC Encoded Video Sequences (2010)

Scene change detection plays an important role in a number of video applications, including video indexing, semantic features extraction, and, in general, pre- and post-processing operations. This paper deals with the design and performance evaluation of a dynamic scene change detector optimized for H.264/AVC encoded video sequences. The detector is based on a dynamic threshold that adaptively tracks different features of the video sequence, to increase the whole scheme accuracy in correctly locating true scene changes. The solution has been tested on suitable video sequences resembling real-world videos thanks to a number of different motion features, and has provided good performance without requiring an increase in decoder complexity. This is a valuable issue, considering the possible application of the proposed algorithm in post-processing operations, such as error concealment for video decoding in typical error prone video transmission environments, such as wireless networks.