gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The clinical management of recurrent genital herpes: current issues and future prospects. (2002)

This article reports the proceedings of an expert panel discussion on current clinical management practices for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes. The panel reviewed the effectiveness of primary and specialist care settings in the UK and USA and identified the principal clinical needs of patients with recurrent genital herpes. The ideal alternative to daily suppressive nucleoside analogue therapy is a treatment with long-term impact on the natural history and prognosis of recurrent genital herpes. The potential of resiquimod, an immune response modifier, to resolve this unmet need was examined. Resiquimod is reported to delay the onset of recurrent genital herpes symptoms in patients in a Phase II clinical trial. While awaiting clinical confirmation of this new development in immunotherapy, the panel concluded with two recommendations: a reassessment of recurrent genital herpes management in terms of physician education of patients, and the promotion of a positive patient-physician relationship in the approach to treatment.
Support vector machine learning from heterogeneous data: an empirical analysis using protein sequence and structure (2006)

http://noble.gs.washington.edu/proj/seqstruct
A new wide-band Darlington amplifier (1989)

A wideband Darlington amplifier topology which is well suited for maximum-bandwidth, moderate-gain, matched-impedance applications is described. A test circuit using a silicon bipolar monolithic technology with an f/sub T/ of 9 GHz has been fabricated. Measured results show a 9.3 dB insertion gain and a 3.2 GHz bandwidth for the packaged device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new successive elimination algorithm for fast block matching in motion estimation (2004)

In this paper, an algorithm, fine granularity successive elimination (FGSE), is proposed for fast optimal block matching in motion estimation. The FGSE is featured by providing a sequence of fine grained boundary levels in an aim to reject a checking candidate as early as possible, thus reducing computational load as much as possible. It is shown that the multilevel successive elimination algorithm (MSEA) is just a degraded case of FGSE with much coarser boundary levels. Comparative experiments are presented to verify the substantial speed-up gain of the proposed algorithm over the MSEA.
A Riemannian geometry for low-rank matrix completion (2012)

We propose a new Riemannian geometry for fixed-rank matrices that is specifically tailored to the low-rank matrix completion problem. Exploiting the degree of freedom of a quotient space, we tune the metric on our search space to the particular least square cost function. At one level, it illustrates in a novel way how to exploit the versatile framework of optimization on quotient manifold. At another level, our algorithm can be considered as an improved version of LMaFit, the state-of-the-art Gauss-Seidel algorithm. We develop necessary tools needed to perform both first-order and second-order optimization. In particular, we propose gradient descent schemes (steepest descent and conjugate gradient) and trust-region algorithms. We also show that, thanks to the simplicity of the cost function, it is numerically cheap to perform an exact linesearch given a search direction, which makes our algorithms competitive with the state-of-the-art on standard low-rank matrix completion instances.
The University of Manchester computing machine (1951)

The computing machine which now is operating at the University of Manchester, represents the culmination of a research project of several years' standing. It seems appropriate to outline the various steps in the development of this project, since these have given the final machine its major characteristics.
<title>Electrochromism in sol-gel deposited TiO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> films</title> (1994)

Electrochromism is sol-gel deposited TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films and films containing TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and WO<SUB>3</SUB> has been observed. The films are deposited by dip-coating from a precursor containing titanium isopropoxide in ethanol or titanium propoxide in ethanol, and after deposition the films are heat treated to between 250 degree(s)C and 300 degree(s)C. The films do not show any signs of crystallinity. However substantial coloration is observed using Li<SUP>+</SUP> ions in a non-aqueous electrolyte, both in pure TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films and in mixed metal oxide films (WO<SUB>3</SUB>:TiO<SUB>2</SUB>), although the voltage required to produce coloration is different in the two cases. Results will be presented detailing the optical switching and charge transport properties of the films during cyclic voltammetry. These results will be used to compare the performance of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films with other electrochromics. The TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and mixed metal films all color cathodically, and the colored state is a neutral greyish color for TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, while the bleached state is transparent and colorless, Results on coloration efficiency and the stability under repeated electrochemical cycling will also be presented. The neutral color of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films and mixed-metal films means that electrochromic windows based on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> may have significant advantages over WO<SUB>3</SUB>-based windows. A detailed analysis of the optical properties of the colored state of the films will be presented. The dynamics of coloration for these films is also under investigation, and preliminary results will be presented.
The prognostic significance of p16<sup>INK4a</sup>/p14<sup>ARF</sup> locus deletion and MDM-2 protein expression in adult acute myelogenous leukemia (2000)

BACKGROUND The p16INK4a locus encodes two distinct proteins, p16INK4a and p14ARF. Although p16INK4a and p15INK4b are involved in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, p14ARF interacts with the MDM-2 oncoprotein antagonizing its function as a suppressor of p53. The role of deletions of p16INK4a/p14ARF and p15INK4b and expressions of MDM-2 in myeloid leukemias and its influence on prognosis remain unclear. METHODS The authors analyzed deletions of p16INK4/p14ARF and p15INK4b in 74 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by Southern blotting. Western blotting was used to determine Rb protein phosphorylation in patients with deletions of p16INK4/p14ARF and p15INK4b. Then, they analyzed the levels of MDM-2 protein expression and correlated it with prognosis in an expanded population of 79 adults with AML by immunoblot analysis and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Deletions of p16INK4a/p14ARF and/or p15INK4b occurred in 4 of 74 patients (5%) (hemizygous in 3, homozygous in 1 patient). Although the complete remission (CR) rate was similar (79% vs. 50%; P = 0.187), CR duration (10 vs. 46 weeks; P < 0.001), event free survival rate (EFS; 6 vs. 85 weeks; P < 0.004) and overall survival rate (11 vs. 86 weeks; P = 0.001) were significantly shorter in patients with deletions of p16INK4a/p14ARF and/or p15INK4b. Thirty-seven (47%) of 79 patients studied for MDM-2 showed increased MDM-2 expression. These patients had a significantly shorter EFS rate (50 vs. 64 weeks; P = 0.023) and a trend for shorter CR duration (24 vs. 53 weeks; P = 0.07). Overall survival rate was not significantly different (50 vs. 84 weeks; P = 0.136). CONCLUSIONS The authors concluded that 1) deletions of p16INK4a/p14ARF and/or p15INK4b occur with low incidence in patients with AML; 2) patients with deletions of p16INK4a/p14ARF and/or p15INK4b have a significantly shorter CR duration, EFS rate, and overall survival rate than do patients without deletions; (3) overexpression of MDM-2 is common in AML and is associated with shorter CR duration and EFS rate. Mechanisms other than p14ARF deletion are responsible for MDM-2 overexpression, and this overexpression may play a role in the biology of the disease. Cancer 2000;89:1976–82. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Synergistic antiviral effect of a combination of mouse interferon‐α and interferon‐γ on mouse hepatitis virus (2002)

Abstract Although interferon (IFN)‐α and IFN‐γ have been reported to exhibit a synergistic antiviral effect through the different signaling pathways in vitro, their therapeutic efficacy is not well defined in vivo. The current study was carried out to investigate the combined antiviral effect in a model of mouse hepatitis virus Type 2 (MHV‐2) infection, in which fulminant hepatitis is developed. MHV‐2 was injected intraperitoneally into 4‐week‐old ICR mice, IFN or the vehicle was administered intramuscularly for 5 days, and the antiviral effect was evaluated based on survival periods, liver histology, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and MHV‐2 virus titers in the liver tissues. The animals in the group treated with a combination of IFN‐α and IFN‐γ survived for longer periods than the groups treated with IFN‐α alone and IFN‐γ alone (IFN‐α 10 3 (IU/mouse)/‐γ 10 3 vs. IFN‐α 10 3 , P < 0.005; IFN‐α 10 3 /‐γ 10 3 vs. IFN‐γ 10 3 , P < 0.001). This is consistent with the lower levels of hepatocellular necrosis and serum ALT and the decreased titers of MHV‐2 virus in the liver tissues (48 hr, P < 0.001; 72 hr, P < 0.001). These findings indicate that a combination of IFN‐α and IFN‐γ exhibits a synergistic antiviral effect on MHV‐2 infection. The biology of MHV‐2 is quite different from that of human hepatitis viruses; however, these results suggest the beneficial combined therapy of IFN‐α and IFN‐γ for the treatment of human viral hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 69:188–194, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mask free intravenous 3D digital subtraction angiography (IV 3D-DSA) from a single C-arm acquisition (2016)

Currently, clinical acquisition of IV 3D-DSA requires two separate scans: one mask scan without contrast medium and a filled scan with contrast injection. Having two separate scans adds radiation dose to the patient and increases the likelihood of suffering inadvertent patient motion induced mis-registration and the associated mis-registraion artifacts in IV 3D-DSA images. In this paper, a new technique, SMART-RECON is introduced to generate IV 3D-DSA images from a single Cone Beam CT (CBCT) acquisition to eliminate the mask scan. Potential benefits of eliminating mask scan would be: (1) both radiation dose and scan time can be reduced by a factor of 2; (2) intra-sweep motion can be eliminated; (3) inter-sweep motion can be mitigated. Numerical simulations were used to validate the algorithm in terms of contrast recoverability and the ability to mitigate limited view artifacts.
Deep Packet Inspection using Snort (2016)

Internet traffic analysis is of key interest to network designers, as efficient analysis leads to more efficient and fault-tolerant networks. Internet traffic can be analysed in different ways to perform tasks such as classification and filtration. Deep packet inspection is a means of filtering network traffic by monitoring a stream of packets and identifying strings of data that appear common. Based on information contained in the packet headers, or other protocol-specific parameters, we can distinguish the application of origin and even requests made by the application. In this report, Snort is used as a tool for deep packet inspection. Network traffic can be analysed by creating rules for web applications using Snort. Further, different policies can be implemented on Snort for deep packet inspection.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC HYDROFORMYLATION BY THE USE OF RHODIUM COMPLEXES OF CHIRAL BIDENTATE PHOSPHORUS LIGANDS BEARING SATURATED RING SKELETONS (1979)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (I)‐(IV) werden als chirale zweizähnige Liganden bei Rh‐katalysierten asymm. Hydroformylierungen der Olefine (V) eingesetzt.
Phenytoin Toxicity and Hepatic Encephalopathy (1987)

Two cases of phenytoin toxicity in patients with chronic liver disease who were taking 300 mg phenytoin daily are described. Each patient developed encephalopathy, characterized by confusion, disturbed conscious state, asterixis, and nystagmus, which was resistant to treatment with protein restriction, lactulose, and neomycin, but responsive to withdrawal of phenytoin. We suggest that the phenytoin did not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy, but caused an encephalopathy that mimicked it. We recommend that phenytoin be used cautiously in patients with liver disease, and that the drug's unbound serum level be measured if encephalopathy occurs.
Oxygen Vacancy Clusters Promoting Reducibility and Activity of Ceria Nanorods (2009)

CeO(2) is a catalytic material of exceptional technological importance, and the precise role of oxygen vacancies is crucial to the greater understanding of these oxide materials. In this work, two ceria nanorod samples with different types and distributions of oxygen vacancies were synthesized. A direct relationship between the concentration of the larger size oxygen vacancy clusters and the reducibility/reactivity of nanosized ceria was revealed. These results may be an important step in understanding and designing active sites at the surface of metal oxide catalytic materials.
98.6° F What IS Normal? (1983)

Nurses must be careful when comparing temperatures of older adults to the universal "normal" of 98.6° F.
Efficient algorithms for binary logarithmic conversion and addition (1998)

Logarithm number system is an attractive alternative to the conventional number systems when data need to be manipulated at very high rate over a wide data range. However, the major problem is deriving logarithm and anti-logarithm quickly and accurately enough to allow conversions to and from the conventional number representations. In this paper, efficient algorithms that convert the conventional number representation to binary logarithm representation are proposed. The algorithms adopt a factorization approach to reduce the look-up table size and a nonlinear approximation method to reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results on IEEE single precision (24 bits) conversion are presented, and the conversion requires only one ROM table with 2/sup 13//spl times/26 bits, one with 2/sup 13//spl times/14 bits, and one with 2/sup 13//spl times/5 bits, or a total of 360 kbits. The algorithm can also be adopted for binary logarithmic addition.
Aggressive Infantile Embryonal Tumors (2008)

Embryonal tumors are the most common brain tumors in infants less than 36 months. Histologically characterized as undifferentiated small, round cell tumors with divergent patterns of differentiation, these include medulloblastoma, the most common form of embryonal tumor, as well as supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, medulloepithelioma, ependymoblastoma, medullomyoblastoma, melanotic medulloblastoma, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. All are similarly aggressive and have a tendency to disseminate throughout the central nervous system. Because of efforts to avoid craniospinal irradiation in an attempt to lessen treatment-related neurotoxicity, management of these tumors in infants is unique. Outcomes remain similarly poor among all the tumor types and, therefore, identification of specific molecular targets that have prognostic and therapeutic implications is crucial. The molecular and clinical aspects of the 3 most common aggressive infantile embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, are the focus of this review.
Understanding chromatic aberration impacts on lithographic imaging (2003)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Anisotropic diffusion in vector field visualization on Euclidean domains and surfaces (2000)

Vector field visualization is an important topic in scientific visualization. Its aim is to graphically represent field data on two and three-dimensional domains and on surfaces in an intuitively understandable way. Here, a new approach based on anisotropic nonlinear diffusion is introduced. It enables an easy perception of vector field data and serves as an appropriate scale space method for the visualization of complicated flow pattern. The approach is closely related to nonlinear diffusion methods in image analysis where images are smoothed while still retaining and enhancing edges. Here, an initial noisy image intensity is smoothed along integral lines, whereas the image is sharpened in the orthogonal direction. The method is based on a continuous model and requires the solution of a parabolic PDE problem. It is discretized only in the final implementational step. Therefore, many important qualitative aspects can already be discussed on a continuous level. Applications are shown for flow fields in 2D and 3D, as well as for principal directions of curvature on general triangulated surfaces. Furthermore, the provisions for flow segmentation are outlined.
Efficacy of Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Potassium Phosphite, and Mefenoxam for Control of Strawberry Leather Rot Caused by <i>Phytophthora cactorum</i> (2005)

Efficacy of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, mefenoxam, and potassium phosphite for control of strawberry leather rot, caused by Phytophthora cactorum, was evaluated on a commercial farm. Foliar sprays of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and potassium phosphite were applied weekly from bloom through harvest and mefenoxam was applied twice as a soil drench at early plant growth and at fruit set. All fungicide treatments had significantly less leather rot than the untreated control and there were no significant differences in leather rot incidence between any fungicide treatment during both years of testing. Mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold) and potassium phosphite (ProPhyt) are currently registered for control of strawberry leather rot in the U.S. Although they are registered for use on strawberry, leather rot is not on the azoxystrobin (Abound) or pyraclostrobin (Cabrio) labels. Results from these studies indicate that both of these strobilurin fungicides provide excellent control of strawberry leather rot. Accepted for publication 28 November 2004. Published 7 January 2005.
Holonomic and omnidirectional vehicle with conventional tires (2002)

A new type of holonomic omnidirectional vehicle which consists of wheel mechanisms without free rollers but with conventional tires is presented. We first present the concept of a new driving wheel mechanism with a tire in the conventional style such as a rubber tire or a pneumatic tire, an "offset steered driving wheel". The configuration of the wheel has an offset distance between the wheel axle and the steering axle along the direction of wheel travelling. We then describe the kinematics and the control method of the offset steered driving wheel to provide an omnidirectional and holonomic capability for a vehicle by actuating the wheel axis and the steering axis independently. The wheel is a nonholonomic system, and we introduce a control strategy to avoid a nonholonomic constraint. Simulation results of the single driving wheel and the two-wheeled vehicle are performed to test the control method. The concept of offset steered driving wheel is implemented and tested on a prototype of the holonomic omnidirectional vehicle. Experimental results demonstrate high mobility of the vehicle prototype.
Probing biomolecular interactions using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: label-free protein detection using a G-quadruplex DNA aptamer (2010)

We demonstrate a strategy for label-free protein detection through monitoring the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectrum of an aptamer probe attached to a gold nanoshell. Low limit of detection and minimal non-specific binding show potential for in vitro and in vivo assays.
Giant photoluminescence enhancement in tungsten-diselenide–gold plasmonic hybrid structures (2016)

Impressive properties arise from the atomically thin nature of transition metal dichalcogenide two-dimensional materials. However, being atomically thin limits their optical absorption or emission. Hence, enhancing their photoluminescence by plasmonic nanostructures is critical for integrating these materials in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Typical photoluminescence enhancement from transition metal dichalcogenides is 100-fold, with recent enhancement of 1,000-fold achieved by simultaneously enhancing absorption, emission and directionality of the system. By suspending WSe2 flakes onto sub-20-nm-wide trenches in gold substrate, we report a giant photoluminescence enhancement of ∼20,000-fold. It is attributed to an enhanced absorption of the pump laser due to the lateral gap plasmons confined in the trenches and the enhanced Purcell factor by the plasmonic nanostructure. This work demonstrates the feasibility of giant photoluminescence enhancement in WSe2 with judiciously designed plasmonic nanostructures and paves a way towards the implementation of plasmon-enhanced transition metal dichalcogenide photodetectors, sensors and emitters.
A wideband circularly polarized stacked slotted microstrip patch antenna (2013)

A wideband, single-feed, circularly polarized, stacked, square, slotted microstrip patch antenna is proposed for radio-frequency-identification-reader applications. The proposed antenna consists of an upper square asymmetric slotted patch, stacked over a lower square asymmetric slotted radiating patch and a microstrip stub, along with a coaxial feed. The wideband circularly polarized radiation of the antenna is achieved using a microstrip stub in the lower patch and a stacked slotted square patch. The proposed antenna is designed using a combination of low-cost FR4 substrate and foam. The measured 10 dB return-loss bandwidth of the antenna was around 21% (833 MHz to 1033 MHz), and the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of the antenna was around 13.4% (835 MHz to 955 MHz). The gain was around 7.0 dBic over the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth. The overall antenna volume was 0.601λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.601λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.895λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at 900 MHz).
Orthogonal multicarrier frequency hopping‐code division multiple access scheme for frequency‐selective fading (1995)

Abstract To improve frequency efficiency or user capacity in land mobile communication systems, orthogonal multi‐carrier frequency hopping‐code division multiple access (FH‐CDMA) is introduced and investigated. Such improvement is achieved by combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with FH‐CDMA. the theoretical analysis includes bit error rate (BER), required S/N, and maximum bit rate. A modified scheme allowing transmission power to be controlled according to the number of simultaneously accessing users also is discussed. This scheme improves BER performance for frequency‐selective fading when the number of simultaneously accessing users in a cellular zone is small.