gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Current-Mode DC-DC Buck Converter with High Stability Independent of Load and Supply Voltage (2006)

A current-mode DC-DC buck converter with high stability independent of load and supply voltage is presented. The loop gain's expression of the current-mode converter is derived by employing an advanced model of current-mode control converter. After analyzing the loop gain's expression, which illustrates the method of selecting suitable frequency compensation for control-loop, and a novel pole-zero tracking frequency compensation is proposed. Based on theoretic analysis, a DC-DC buck converter which has high stability independent of load and supply voltage is designed with 0.5 mum-CMOS technology. The simulated results revealed that stability of the converter is independent of load current and input voltage. Moreover, the converter provides a full load transient response of less than 5 mus setting time and less than 30 mV overshoots and undershoots
40 Years of Church Growth: A View from the Theological Tower (1995)

I present these evaluative thoughts about the first forty years of the Church Growth Movement, and especially the first twenty-five years of the movement in North America (1970- 1995), with the humility appropriate to one person’s perspective on so vast and diverse a phenomenon as that of the Church Growth Movement.
Detection of trace materials with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a multi-channel detector (2005)

FTIR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods for material characterization. However, the sensitivity of this analytical tool is often very limited especially for materials with weak infrared absorption or when spectral bands of the targeted trace material overlap with the spectral bands of major components. Fortunately, for heterogeneous samples, there is an opportunity to improve the sensitivity of detection by using an imaging approach. This paper explores the opportunity of enhancing the sensitivity of FTIR spectroscopy to detect trace amounts of materials using the FTIR imaging approach based on a focal plane array (FPA) detector. Model sample tablets of ibuprofen in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) have been used to exemplify the detection limits of FTIR spectroscopy using: (a) a conventional mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector and (b) a FPA detector. The sensitivity level was compared and it has been found that for this particular set of samples, the lowest concentration of ibuprofen in HPMC that can be detected using attenuated total reflection (ATR) measuring mode with the single element MCT detector was 0.35 wt% while using the FPA detector, the presence of drug has been detected in a sample that contains as little as 0.075 wt% of drug. The application of using this enhanced sensitivity offered by the multi-channel detector to probe trace amounts of drug particles left on the surface of a finger after handling a small amount of the drug has also been demonstrated. These results have broad implications for forensic, biomedical and pharmaceutical research.
Small GTPase RhoA and Its Effector Rho Kinase Mediate Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-Evoked In Vitro Cerebral Barrier Dysfunction (2010)

Increased RhoA/Rho kinase/myosin light chain pathway activity coupled with changes in actin cytoskeleton account for OGD-induced endothelial barrier breakdown.
Accuracy testing of a new intraoral 3D camera (2009)

Surveying intraoral structures by optical means has reached the stage where it is being discussed as a serious clinical alternative to conventional impression taking. Ease of handling and, more importantly, accuracy are important criteria for the clinical suitability of these systems. This article presents a new intraoral camera for the Cerec procedure. It reports on a study investigating the accuracy of this camera and its potential clinical indications. Single-tooth and quadrant images were taken with the camera and the results compared to those obtained with a reference scanner and with the previous 3D camera model. Differences were analyzed by superimposing the data records. Accuracy was higher with the new camera than with the previous model, reaching up to 19 microm in single-tooth images. Quadrant images can also be taken with sufficient accuracy (ca 35 microm) and are simple to perform in clinical practice, thanks to built-in shake detection in automatic capture mode.
Abiomed Impella ® 2.5 patient transport: lessons learned (2010)

The Abiomed Impella(®) 2.5 is a micro-axial flow, catheter-based left ventricular assist system (LVAS). Designed for percutaneous insertion into the femoral artery and positioned across the aortic valve, the Impella(®) is capable of pumping 2.5 liters of blood per minute from the patient's left ventricle into the ascending aorta. Since United States Federal Food and Drug Administration clearance in June of 2008, use of the Impella(®) 2.5 has grown rapidly. We operate at the center of a "hub-and-spoke" regional referral network that facilitates the transfer of patients in cardiogenic shock to our facility for definitive care. Based on our recent experience of transporting patients supported on the Impella(®) 2.5 system, we review system operation, pump position, monitoring, and recommendations for providing safe and efficient transport.
Nasal Delivery of Antigen with the B Subunit of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Augments Antigen-Specific T-Cell Clonal Expansion and Differentiation (2004)

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin has unique immunogenic and adjuvant properties when administered mucosally to mice. These properties have revealed the potential for its use in the development of mucosal vaccines, an area of increasing interest. However, the inherent toxicity mediated by the A subunit precludes its widespread use. This problem has led to attempts to dissociate toxicity from adjuvant function by use of the B subunit. The ability of the B subunit of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) to enhance responses against antigens coadministered intranasally is demonstrated here with the use of the DO11.10 adoptive-transfer model, in which ovalbumin (OVA)-specific adoptively transferred T cells can be monitored directly by flow cytometry. Intranasal delivery of OVA with EtxB resulted in increased T-cell proliferative and systemic antibody responses against antigens. The increased Th2 cytokine production detected following in vitro restimulation of splenocyte and cervical lymph node (CLN) cells from the immunized mice correlated with increased OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 antibody production. Flow cytometric analysis of T cells from mice early after immunization directly revealed the ability of EtxB to support antigen-specific clonal expansion and differentiation. Furthermore, while responses were first detected in the CLNs, they rapidly progressed to the spleen, where they were further sustained. Examination of CD69 expression on dividing cells supported the notion that activation induced by the presence of antigens is not sufficient to drive T-cell differentiation. Furthermore, a lack of CD25 expression on dividing cells suggested that EtxB-mediated T-cell clonal expansion may occur without a sustained requirement for interleukin 2.
Mesomorphic complexes of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate and silver dodecylsulfate with 2- and 3-fluoro-4-alkoxy-4′-stilbazoles (1994)

2-Fluoro- and 3-fluoro-4-alkoxystilbazoles (n-O-2F-PhVPy and n-O-3F-PhVPy, respectively) react with AgCF3SO3(AgOTf) or AgC12H25OSO3(AgDOS) to generate the mesomorphic complexes [Ag(n-O-yF-PhVPy)2][X](y= 2 or 3; X = OTf or DOS). The phase behaviour of these new complexes is described and is compared with that of the ‘parent’, unfluorinated materials. While the 3-fluorinated isomers promote smectic phases and suppress formation of the cubic mesophase in the DOS salts, the 2-fluoro isomers promote both the nematic phase and the cubic mesophase.
An 8T Subthreshold SRAM Cell Utilizing Reverse Short Channel Effect for Write Margin and Read Performance Improvement (2007)

We propose a technique for improving write margin and read performance of 8T subthreshold SRAMs by using long channel devices to utilize the pronounced reverse short channel effect. Simulations show that the proposed cell at 0.2 V has a write margin equivalent to a conventional cell at 0.27 V. The Ion-to-Ioff ratio of the read path also improved from 169 to 271 and a 52% speedup for read was achieved. The cell area overhead was 20%.
Taxonomic studies on Gymnosporangium in China (1985)

Fifteen species of the genus Gymnosporangium from China are reported in this paper. Four of them including G. tsingchenensis Wei, an interesting and unique species with 1-celled teliospore are endemic. This rust was collected and described in 1947 from western Sichuan and later found in 1976 in Xianju county of Zhejiang Province, it caused serious damage to the plantations of Cupressus funebris. G. taianum Kern is another unusual species characterized by having 4—6 germ pores arranged in a transverse zone in each cell of the 2-celled teliospores. Four other species are new records to China, i. e., G. gaeumannii Zogg, G. cornutum Arth. ex Kern, G. nidus-avis Thaxt. and G. fuscum Hedw. f. G. gaeumannii was collected for the first time from Hami of Xinjiang Autonomous Region in 1973 as the sole species known to occur in China with uredial stage in its life cycle. Specimens collected from Helan Mountain in Ningxia Autonomous Region in 1961 with telia chiefly on leaves of Juniperus rigida are identified as G. cornutum. Nevertheless, it shows somewhat difference from the European and North American species, which usually possess caulicolous telia. Comparative studies have been made between Chinese and Japanese specimens of G. cornuturn (HH-58449) kindly sent by Professor N. Hiratsuka. Both are obviously conspecific.
The CGL2612 Protein from Corynebacterium glutamicum Is a Drug Resistance-related Transcriptional Repressor (2005)

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria often causes serious clinical problems. The TetR family is one of the major transcription factor families that regulate expression of genes involved in bacterial antimicrobial resistance systems. CGL2612 protein is a transcription factor newly identified by genomic DNA analysis on Corynebacterium glutamicum, which belongs to the mycolic acid-containing Actinomycetales, including the well known pathogens Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Crystal structure analysis showed that the CGL2612 protein exhibits significant structural similarity to the multidrug resistance (MDR)-related transcription factor QacR from Staphylococcus aureus, despite poor amino acid sequence similarity between these proteins. Binding DNA sequence analysis of CGL2612 protein using the systematic evolution of ligands by the exponential enrichment (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, or SELEX) method revealed that this protein is a new member of the TetR family, which regulates expression of the immediately upstream gene, cgl2611, probably encoding a major facilitator superfamily permease. Subsequent functional analyses confirmed a function of the CGL2612 as a transcriptional repressor responsible for the antimicrobial resistance system in C. glutamicum. The strategy used in the present study is one of the most convenient and powerful methods to analyze functionally unknown transcription factors, and the results obtained here will contribute to our understanding of the drug resistance mechanism not only in C. glutamicum but also in the related bacteria, C. diphtheriae and M. tuberculosis.
Luminescence detection of rare-earth ions by energy transfer from counteranion to crown ether-lanthanide ion complexes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescence detection of rare-earth ions by energy transfer from counteranion to crown ether-lanthanide ion complexesChieu D. Tran and Weifeng. ZhangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 8, 835–840Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00207a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00207a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects (1991)

1. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using positron emission tomography in six normal volunteers while at rest and while performing four different repetitive movements of the right arm. 2. The four movements were performed in random order and consisted of abduction of the index finger, making a fist, sequential thumb to digit opposition, and shoulder flexion. All the movements were done at the same rate, using an auditory cue and involved displacements through similar amounts of the physiological range at each joint. 3. Increases in rCBF were interpreted as evidence of local neural activation and all four movements were associated with significant increases in CBF in the contralateral sensorimotor and premotor areas and in the supplementary motor area (SMA). 4. The average increase in blood flow in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex was significantly greater for the shoulder movement (31%) than for the three other movements. The increases with finger opposition (21%) and fist-making (24%) were not significantly different, and both were significantly greater than with index finger movement (13%). These data indicate that neither "fractionation" nor distal movement per se cause selective activation of sensorimotor cortex. 5. Significantly greater increases in blood flow in both the contralateral premotor cortex and the SMA ("nonprimary motor areas") occurred with shoulder movement than with the other movements. Because this difference may be related to the significantly greater activation occurring concurrently in the sensorimotor cortex, this finding does not prove unequivocally a "selective" role of the nonprimary motor areas in proximal movement. 6. Neither of the two nonprimary motor areas showed selective activation when a simple sequence of finger movements was performed compared with repetitive contractions of the same fingers. 7. Shoulder movement alone was associated with significant increases in rCBF in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex (10%), the superior vermis of the cerebellum (19%), and Brodmann areas 5 and 40 in the contralateral hemisphere. 8. The average location of the center of excitation in the sensorimotor cortex and SMA differed for the four movements and was interpreted as evidence of within-limb somatotopy. The shoulder focus lay highest in the sensorimotor cortex and lowest in the SMA.
A new demodulation procedure for a class of multiplexed signals (2019)

This paper introduces a set of estimators for a wide class of multiplexed signal. The signals of interest are decomposed on independent periodic signals with a shared frequency. This latter set of signals is as general as possible; that is, not necessarily orthogonal or sinusoidal. By an adequate linear combination of low-pass filters, we extract each of the components of the multiplexed signal with an arbitrary accuracy. Applications of this demodulation procedure include sensorless control of electrical machines using signal injection with the extraction of the ripple.
A Method of Supressing Fault Currents and Improving the Ground level Electric Field in a Novel Six-Phase Power Transmission system (1983)

In this paper, it is shown that the maxnuma electric field under the six-phase line with a modified phase arrangement becomes as low as that under the three-phase double-circuit ( conventional ) line. Then, a method is proposed for limiting line-to-ground fault currents and short-circuit currents without causing the fall in unfaulted phase voltages in the six- phase system with its neutrals solidly grounded. The fault analysis and the experimental result demanstrate that for a single line-to-ground fault at the sending end, the fault current in the proposed system is half that in the conventional system. As for the three-phase short-circuit fault at the sending end, the fault current in the proposed system is about 60% of that in the conventional system. It is concluded that the proposed six-phase system is superior in the system transient stability to the conventional system.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I-Induced Degradation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Is Mediated by the 26S Proteasome and Blocked by Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase Inhibition (2000)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a critical adapter protein involved in both insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. Due to the fact that alteration of IRS-1 levels can affect the sensitivity and response to both insulin and IGF-I, we examined the ability of each of these ligands to affect IRS-1 expression. IGF-I (10 nM) stimulation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells caused a transient tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 that was maximal at 15 min and decreased thereafter. The decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was paralleled by an apparent decrease in IRS-1 levels. The IGF-mediated decrease in IRS-1 expression was posttranscriptional and due to a decrease in the half-life of the IRS-1 protein. Insulin (10 nM) caused tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 but not degradation, whereas high concentrations of insulin (10 microM) resulted in degradation of IRS-1. IGF-I (10 nM) stimulation resulted in transient IRS-1 phosphorylation and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activation. In contrast, insulin (10 nM) caused sustained IRS-1 phosphorylation and ERK activation. Inhibition of 26S proteasome activity by the use of lactacystin or MG132 completely blocked IGF-mediated degradation of IRS-1. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed an association between ubiquitin and IRS-1 that was increased by treatment of cells with IGF-I. Finally, IGF-mediated degradation of IRS-1 was blocked by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity but was not affected by inhibition of ERK, suggesting that this may represent a direct negative-feedback mechanism resulting from downstream IRS-1 signaling. We conclude that IGF-I can cause ligand-mediated degradation of IRS-1 via the ubiquitin-mediated 26S proteasome and a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent mechanism and that control of degradation may have profound effects on downstream activation of signaling pathways.
Diastereoselectivity in the Formation of Skeletally Stabilized Phosphazanes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselectivity in the Formation of Skeletally Stabilized PhosphazanesStephanie A. Katz, Viloya S. Allured, and Arlan D. NormanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 9, 1762–1769Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00087a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00087a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions and their interface structures (2001)

Effects of interface structure and oxidation state were studied in stacked magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures with top and bottom antiferromagnetic layers to obtain optimum resistance and high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios for read heads. The roughness of the NiFe surface and the Al coverage were significantly improved by introduction of O2 surfactant gas on the Ta-seed-layer surface, which increased TMR ratios of the MTJ with low resistance area (RA) products of less than 10 Ω μm2. Furthermore, it was found that avoidance of Ni oxidation and Co oxidation at the tunnel barrier interface is essential to obtaining high TMR ratios, and that a good Al coverage and Fe–oxide formation may enhance TMR ratios when Fe-rich magnetic materials are used. For the top-type and bottom-type structures, a TMR ratio of 12%–17% with RA products of 6–7 Ω μm2 was obtained, which provides sufficient performance for read heads.
Rhodium Boryl Complexes in the Catalytic, Terminal Functionalization of Alkanes (2005)

A series of studies have been conducted by experimental and theoretical methods on the synthesis, structures, and reactions of CpRh boryl complexes that are likely intermediates in the rhodium-catalyzed regioselective, terminal functionalization of alkanes. The photochemical reaction of CpRh(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6)) with pinacolborane (HBpin) generates the bisboryl complex CpRh(H)(2)(Bpin)(2) (2), which reacts with neat HBpin to generate CpRh(H)(Bpin)(3) (3). X-ray diffraction, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and NMR spectroscopy suggest a weak, but measurable, B-H bonding interaction. Both 2 and 3 dissociate HBpin and coordinate PEt(3) or P(p-Tol)(3) to generate the conventional rhodium(III) species CpRh(PEt(3))(H)(Bpin) (4) and CpRh[P(p-tol)(3)](Bpin)(2) (5). Compounds 2 and 3 also react with alkanes and arenes to form alkyl- and arylboronate esters at temperatures similar to or below those of the catalytic borylation of alkanes and arenes. Further, these compounds were observed directly in catalytic reactions. The enthalpies and free energies for generation of the 16-electron intermediate and for the C-H bond cleavage and B-C bond formation have been calculated with DFT. These results strongly suggest that the C-H bond cleavage process occurs by a metal-assisted sigma-bond metathesis mechanism to generate a borane complex that isomerizes if necessary to place the alkyl group cis to the boryl group. This complex with cis boryl and alkyl groups then undergoes B-C bond formation by a second sigma-bond metathesis to generate the final functionalized product.