gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Parameter Optimization for Support Vector Regression for Land and Sea Surface Temperature Estimation From Remote Sensing Data (2009)

Land surface temperature (LST) and sea surface temperature (SST) are important quantities for many environmental models. Remote sensing is a source of information for their estimation on both regional and global scales. Many algorithms have been devised to estimate LST and SST from satellite data, most of which require <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> information about the surface and the atmosphere. A recently proposed approach involves the use of support vector machines (SVMs). Based on satellite data and corresponding <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">situ</i> measurements, they generate an approximation of the relation between them, which can subsequently be used to estimate unknown surface temperatures from additional satellite data. Such a strategy requires the user to set several internal parameters. In this paper, a method is proposed for automatically setting these parameters to quasi-optimal values in the sense of minimum estimation errors. This is achieved by minimizing a functional correlated to regression errors (i.e., the ldquospan-boundrdquo upper bound on the leave-one-out (LOO) error) which can be computed by using only the training set, without need for a further validation set. In order to minimize this functional, Powell's algorithm is adopted, since it is applicable also to nondifferentiable functions. Experimental results yielded by the proposed method are similar in accuracy to those achieved by cross-validation and by a grid search for the parameter configuration which yields the best test-set accuracy. However, the proposed method gives a dramatic reduction in the computational time required, particularly when many training samples are available.
EGFR Kinase Promotes Acquisition of Stem Cell-Like Properties: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cells (2012)

Members of the EGFR/ErbB family of tyrosine kinases are found to be highly expressed and deregulated in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The ErbB family, including EGFR, has been demonstrated to play key roles in metastasis, tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Recently, these characteristics have been linked to a small subpopulation of cells classified as cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. In this study, we investigated the possible role of EGFR as a regulator of "stemness" in HNSCC cells. Activation of EGFR by the addition of EGF ligand or ectopic expression of EGFR in two established HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC-22B and HN-1) resulted in the induction of CD44, BMI-1, Oct-4, NANOG, CXCR4, and SDF-1. Activation of EGFR also resulted in increased tumorsphere formation, a characteristic ability of cancer stem cells. Conversely, treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor, Gefinitib (Iressa), resulted in decreased expression of the aforementioned genes, and loss of tumorsphere-forming ability. Similar trends were observed in a 99.9% CD44 positive stem cell culture derived from a fresh HNSCC tumor, confirming our findings for the cell lines. Additionally, we found that these putative cancer stem cells, when treated with Gefitinib, possessed a lower capacity to invade and became more sensitive to cisplatin-induced death in vitro. These results suggest that EGFR plays critical roles in the survival, maintenance, and function of cancer stem cells. Drugs that target EGFR, perhaps administered in combination with conventional chemotherapy, might be an effective treatment for HNSCC.
2-BENZYLHISTIDINE AND DERIVATIVES AS PILOTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES DESIGNED TO HAVE SPECIFIC ENZYMIC ACTIVITY (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Optical Spectra and Laser Action of Neodymium in a Crystal Ba2MgGe2O7 (1968)

Absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra of a single crystal of Ba2MgGe2O7: Nd3+ were investigated. The lifetime of the 4F3/2 state of the neodymium ion is 450 μsec at 300°K. The width of the strongest fluorescence line at 1.054 μ is 35 and 10 Å at 300° and 80°K, respectively. Laser action was achieved at 1.05444 μ at room temperature.
The Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonist Monophosphoryl Lipid A Augments Innate Host Resistance to Systemic Bacterial Infection (2011)

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist that is currently used as a vaccine adjuvant in humans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MPLA treatment on the innate immune response to systemic bacterial infections in mice. Mice treated with MPLA after burn injury showed improved survival and less local and systemic dissemination of bacteria in a model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection. Prophylactic treatment with MPLA significantly enhanced bacterial clearance at the site of infection and reduced systemic dissemination of bacteria despite causing attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine production during acute intra-abdominal infection caused by cecal ligation and puncture. Administration of MPLA at 1 h after CLP also improved bacterial clearance but did not alter cytokine production. MPLA treatment increased the numbers of granulocytes, double-positive myeloid cells, and macrophages at sites of infection and increased the percentage and total numbers of myeloid cells mediating phagocytosis of bacteria. Depletion of Ly6G(+) neutrophils, but not macrophages, eliminated the ability of MPLA treatment to improve bacterial clearance. The immunomodulatory effects of MPLA were absent in TLR4-deficient mice. In conclusion, these studies show that MPLA treatment significantly augments the innate immune response to bacterial infection by enhancing bacterial clearance despite the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine production. The enhanced bacterial clearance is mediated, in part, by increased numbers of myeloid cells with effective phagocytic functions at sites of infection and is TLR4 dependent.
Electromagnetic method for measuring the velocities of ocean currents from a ship under way (1950)

aries. Larger features of the sea can be studied by lengthening the run between course changes and arranging the pattern of true current determinations to reveal more clearly the changes observed in the record of one component of flow. Systematic changes of course are more often used to gather a uniformly distributed series of true current fixes.
Theory of tetragonal twin structures in ferroelectric perovskites with a first-order phase transition (1991)

A three-dimensional Landau-Ginzburg model has been constructed to describe the tetragonal twin structures resulting from a first-order ${\mathit{O}}_{\mathit{h}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathit{C}}_{4\mathit{v}}$ proper ferroelectric phase transition in perovskites. The model takes into account the nonlinear and nonlocal characteristics of the polarization (order parameter) as well as the electromechanical coupling. Quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) analytic solutions for the space profiles of the order parameter are obtained for a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} twin and for a charge-neutral 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} twin with a special choice of parameters. Without the presence of interfacial defects, such as dislocations, the Q1D solutions require the support of inhomogeneous mechanical constraints. Elastic deformation and dimensional changes associated with the twin structures, and their implications on the piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric ceramics, are also addressed.
Dynamic Mode Coupling in Molecules and Polymers Revealed by Sub-5-fs Real-time Spectroscopy (2000)

Energy migration among the modes of C-C and C=C stretching and C=C-C bending in polymers and breathing and out-of-plane bending in dye molecules through mode coupling have been observed by using a sub-5fs visible laser.
Chapitre II. Du pictural à la poétique : la naissance de la forme (2007)

La peinture extrême-orientale, d’abord objet du regard pour Segalen et Claudel, conduit peu à peu, chez l’un comme chez l’autre, à une création poétique proprement dite. Peintures nous montre des « peintures parlées » – ce sont des peintures chinoises –, alors que Cent Phrases s’engage à créer des « poèmes peints » – ce sont de petits poèmes à la japonaise. Les premiers font appel à l’oreille et à l’imagination, les seconds s’adressent surtout à l’œil et à la contemplation. Mais dans les deux...
Paracoccus alcaliphilus sp. nov., an Alkaliphilic and Facultatively Methylotrophic Bacterium (1989)

Alkaliphilic facultatively methanol-utilizing bacteria were investigated with respect to their phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. These bacteria were gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, coccoid or short rod-shaped organisms, grew at pH 7.0 to 9.5, and did not grow below pH 6.5 and above pH 10.0. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition was 64 to 66 mol% guanine plus cytosine. These bacteria resemble Paracoccus denitrificans with respect to morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, but are distinguished from P. denitrificans by physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA homology. These methanol- utilizing bacteria are described as a new species, Paracoccus alcaliphilus Urakami, Tamaoka, Suzuki, and Komagata. The type strain of P. alcaliphilus sp. nov. is strain TK 1015 (= JCM 7364).
Blockade of PARP activity attenuates poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation but offers only partial neuroprotection against NMDA‐induced cell death in the rat retina (2006)

Recent reports have linked neuronal cell death by necrosis to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) hyperactivation. It is believed that under stress, the activity of this enzyme is up-regulated, resulting in extensive poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins, using NAD(+) as its substrate, which, in turn, leads to the depletion of NAD(+). In efforts to restore the level of NAD(+), depletion of ATP occurs, resulting in the shutdown of ATP-dependent ionic pumps. This results in cell swelling and eventual loss of membrane selectivity, hallmarks of necrosis. Reports from in vitro and in vivo studies in the brain have shown that NMDA receptor activation stimulates PARP activity and that blockade of the enzyme provides substantial neuroprotection. The present study was undertaken to determine whether PARP activity is regulated by NMDA in the rat retina, and whether blockade of PARP activity provides protection against toxic effects of NMDA. Rat retinas exposed to intravitreal injections containing NMDA, with or without the PARP inhibitor N-(6-oxo-5, 6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-(N,-dimethylamino) acetamide hydrochloride (PJ-34), were assessed for changes in PARP-1 activity as evidenced by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PAR), loss of membrane integrity, morphological indicators of apoptosis and necrosis, and ganglion cell loss. Results showed that: NMDA increased PAR formation in a concentration-dependent manner and caused a decline in retinal ATP levels; PJ-34 blockade attenuated the NMDA-induced formation of PAR and decline in ATP; NMDA induced the loss of membrane selectivity to ethidium bromide (EtBr) in inner retinal neurons, but loss of membrane selectivity was not prevented by blocking PARP activity; cells stained with EtBr, or reacted for TUNEL-labeling, displayed features characteristic of both apoptosis and necrosis. In the presence of PJ-34, greater numbers of cells exhibited apoptotic features; PJ-34 provided partial neuroprotection against NMDA-induced ganglion cell loss. These findings suggest that although blockade of PARP activity fully attenuates NMDA-induced PAR formation and loss of retinal ATP content, and improves the survival of select populations of ganglion cells, this approach does not provide full neuroprotection. In contrast, blockade of PARP activity promotes apoptotic-like cell death in the majority of cells undergoing cell death. Furthermore, these studies show that the loss of membrane selectivity is not dependent upon PAR formation or the resulting decline of ATP, and suggests that an alternative pathway, other than PARP activation, exists to mediate this event.
Amplification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragment using two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (2011)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an essential tool in many fields such as molecular biology, normally comprises three steps: denaturation at a high temperature, annealing at a low temperature and elongation at a moderate temperature. Here, we report a two-step PCR method which incorporates annealing and elongation step for significant time-saving and reduction in reagent use. To investigate whether the two-step method is as useful as the common three-step method, different lengths of DNA fragments were amplified by two-step PCR and three-step PCR and the influence of incorporated temperature and the amount of Taq polymerases were performed in the present study. The results showed that, all the DNA fragments of 300 to 1000 bp could be amplified by two-step PCR method and the temperature from 50 to 60.8°C could provide a viable range for annealing/extension steps and the fidelity of the PCR has not been affected by the two step method presented. Taken together, the two-step PCR could be used to amplify DNA fragment, which is time-saving, reliable and inexpensive.   Key words: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two-step polymerase chain reaction, three-step polymerase chain reaction, time-saving.
Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis (2004)

Important for the understanding of the functional properties of the iron-sulfur scaffold IscU is knowledge of the structure and dynamics of this protein class. Structural characterization of Thermotoga maritima IscU by CD (Mansy, S. S., Wu, G., Surerus, K. K., and Cowan, J. A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 21397-21404) and high resolution NMR (Bertini, I., Cowan, J. A., Del Bianco, C., Luchinat, C., and Mansy, S. S. (2003) J. Mol. Biol. 331, 907-924) yielded data indicating a high degree of secondary structure. However, the latter also revealed IscU to exist in a dynamic equilibrium between two or more distinct conformations, possibly existing in a molten globule state. Herein, we further characterize the molten globule characteristics of T. maritima IscU by near-ultraviolet circular dichroism, 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid binding, free energy of unfolding, hydrodynamic radius measurements, and limited tryptic digestion. The data suggest unusual dynamic behavior that is not fully consistent with typical protein states such as fully folded, fully unfolded, or molten globule. For instance, the existence of a stable tertiary fold is supported by near-UV CD spectra and hydrodynamic radius measurements, whereas other data are less clearly interpretable and may be viewed as consistent with either a molten globule or fully folded state. However, all of the data are consistent with our previous hypothesis of a protein sampling multiple discrete tertiary conformations in which these structural transitions occur on a "slow" time scale. To describe such proteins, we introduce the term multiple discrete conformers.
MEMS-based humidity sensor based on thiol-coated gold nanoparticles (2014)

A MEMS-based humidity sensor is proposed comprising thiol-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited on a glass substrate with aluminum interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). In the proposed device, the humidity is measured by monitoring the change in the device resistance as the water molecules are absorbed by the AuNPs. A highly sensitive sensing performance is obtained as a result of the large surface area of the AuNPs and the hydrophilic nature of the thiol coating. The experimental results show that the sensor has a time response of 10 s when the humidity is changed abruptly from 30%R.H. to 80%R.H. and a recovery time of 5 s when the humidity is restored to 30%R.H. In addition, it is shown that the sensor has a sensitivity of 2.83 kΩ/%R.H. over the humidity range of 20 ~ 90%R.H. Finally, the sensor is shown to have good reliability (i.e., ±1.2%R.H.) over an extended period of 72 h.
Geopolymer with Hydrogel Characteristics via Silane Coupling Agent Additives (2013)

Geopolymers (GP) represent a fascinating alternative to typical structural ceramics, but all prior work has demonstrated substantial mesoporosity. This porosity is detrimental to mechanical properties as well as drying failure resistance. Here, mesoporosity in metakaolin Na‐based GP has been reduced by an order of magnitude through the addition of acrylate‐functional silane coupling agents, and the effect of this modification was extensively analyzed using a variety of characterization techniques. It was found that a critical concentration of approximately 0.06 mol methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane/mol GP was necessary for extensive property modification. Above this concentration, membranes and tubes of organic material could be observed, suggesting that only this surplus additive contributed to mesoporosity reduction. The source of this mesoporosity reduction is shown to be segregation of free water via hydrogel‐like interaction caused by the formation of sodium acrylate groups.
Tools to MSn Sequence and Document the Structures of Glycan Epitopes. (2014)

Sequential disassembly (MSn) has been applied to fully characterise and document native samples containing glycan epitopes with their synthetic analogues. Both sample types were prepared by methylation, solvent phase extracted, directly infused and spatially resolved. Product ions of all samples were compiled and contrasted using management tools prepared for the fragment ion library. Each of the epitopes was further disassembled to confirm the multiple structural isomers probable within component substructures of linkage and branching. All native samples tested proved to be matched with their synthetic analogues and reasonably identical on either linear or cylindrical ion traps. Not surprisingly, spectra of mixed epitopes fragment independently, being uninfluenced by similarities. The approach has been coupled with computational tools for data handling and presentation.
Packet-pair bandwidth estimation: stochastic analysis of a single congested node (2004)

We examine the problem of estimating the capacity of bottleneck links and available bandwidth of end-to-end paths under non-negligible cross-traffic conditions. We present a simple stochastic analysis of the problem in the context of a single congested node and derive several results that allow the construction of asymptotically-accurate bandwidth estimators. We first develop a generic queuing model of an Internet router and solve the estimation problem assuming renewal cross-traffic at the bottleneck link. Noticing that the renewal assumption on Internet flows is too strong, we investigate an alternative filtering solution that asymptotically converges to the desired values of the bottleneck capacity and available bandwidth under arbitrary (including non-stationary) cross-traffic. This is one of the first methods that simultaneously estimates both types of bandwidth and is provably accurate. We finish the paper by discussing the impossibility of a similar estimator for paths with two or more congested routers.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Amadori‐Glycated Phosphatidylethanolamine in Human Plasma (2005)

Amadori-glycated phosphatidylethanolamine (Amadori-PE), a nonenzymatically glycated lipid formed under hyperglycemic conditions, is known as a reliable indicator of lipid glycation in vivo. We have quantified the Amadori-PE concentration in human plasma samples using a reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with neutral loss scan or multiple reaction monitoring. Amounts of Amadori-PE in plasma of diabetic patients (0.15 mol% of PE), diabetic patients with chronic hemodialysis (0.29 mol% of PE), and nondiabetic patients with chronic hemodialysis (0.13 mol% of PE) are higher than that of the control group (0.08 mol% of PE). In addition, the concentration of Amadori-PE was proportional to that of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide, a reliable indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation, in human plasma (P < 0.05). These results indicate that plasma Amadori-PE-glycated lipid product formed under hyperglycemic conditions is an inducer of membrane lipid peroxidation, and therefore lipid glycation plays an active part in the development of human disease.
Identification of autoregressive moving-average parameters of time series (1975)

A procedure for sequentially estimating the parameters and orders of mixed autoregressive moving-average signal models from time-series data is presented. Identification is performed by first identifying a purely autoregressive signal model. The parameters and orders of the mixed autoregressive moving-average process are then given from the solution of simple algebraic equations involving the purely autoregressive model parameters.
Oxygen Removal from Boiler Feed Water by Sodium Sulfite (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen Removal from Boiler Feed Water by Sodium SulfiteKenneth A. Kobe and Ward L. GoodingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1935, 27, 3, 331–333Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1935https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50303a020Request reuse permissions Article Views473Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (418 KB) Get e-Alerts
Correct, Efficient, and Tailored: The Future of Build Systems (2018)

Build systems are used in every nontrivial software project. They contain knowledge of how software is built and provide tools to get it built as fast as possible. While being central to day-to-day productivity, they sometimes fail to deliver their promise of being correct, efficient, and tailored. This situation gets aggravated with huge code bases and fast-paced continuous-integration pipelines. This article surveys state-of-the-art techniques and algorithms that relegate the occasional inconsistent build, slow execution times, and boilerplate makefiles to another age. This article is part of a special issue on release engineering.