gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic organization of the human muscle chloride channel CIC-1 and analysis of novel mutations leading to Becker-type myotonia (1994)

The muscle chloride channel CIC-1 regulates the electric excitability of the skeletal muscle membrane. Mutations in the gene encoding this chloride channel (CLCN1) are responsible for both human purely myotonic disorders, autosomal recessive generalized myotonia (Becker's disease, GM) and autosomal dominant myotonia congenita (Thomsen's disease, MC). We now show that the protein-coding sequence of the CLCN1 gene is organized into 23 exons. The CIC-1 upstream region contains a canonical TATA box, several consensus binding sites for myogenic transcription factors and two other putative regulatory elements. SSCA analysis of a German GM family revealed that affected members are compound heterozygotes having two novel mutations. G979A affects a splice consensus site at the end of exon 8, and G1488T in exon 14 leads to a replacement of a positive charge in a highly conserved putative transmembrane domain (R496S). Functional expression of R496S cRNA in Xenopus oocytes did not yield detectable currents. It neither suppressed wild-type currents in a co-expression assay, confirming it as a recessive mutation.
Modeling snapback of LVTSCR devices for ESD circuit simulation using advanced BJT and MOS models (2007)

SCRs have been playing an increasingly significant role in ESD protection for CMOS technologies. A major challenge is to develop effective compact simulation models for these devices valid under ESD stress conditions. A simple macro modeling approach is presented for SPICE simulation of LVTSCR devices. The method uses advanced standard BJT and MOS models such as BSIM4 and Mextram. The simulation results have been verified using VFTLP and standard TLP measurements. The method provides a practical simulation tool for ESD protection circuits using LVTSCRs.
RHEED Observation on (001)ZnSe Surface: MBE Surface Phase Diagram and Kinetic Behavior of Zn And Se Adatoms (1987)

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) studies have been performed on epitaxial (001)ZnSe surfaces. The phase diagram on the surface grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was obtained by observing changes of RHEED patterns as a function of beam flux ratio and substrate temperature. The desorption time of Se atoms and the adsorption time of Zn atoms were also obtained by measuring the time taken for the surface structure to change from a Se-stabilized surface to a Zn-stabilized one. The activation energy for the desorption of Se atom from a Se-stabilized surface was 1.02 eV.
New results of the free radical ring‐opening polymerization (1994)

Abstract The reaction of 5‐ring ketene‐ O , N ‐acetals with peroxides was investigated. It was shown that benzoyl peroxide adds to monomers 5a and 5b by ring opening, giving the corresponding linear diester amides 6a and 6b , respectively. The ketene‐ O , N ‐acetal 5c adds benzoyl peroxide, without ring opening, by addition to the exomethylene group, giving the cyclic‐ O , N ‐acetal diester 6c . With phthaloyl peroxide cyclic esteramides 7 and oligomeric products are formed. The chemical structures of the addition products were confirmed by NMR spectra and elemental analysis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FINAL ANALYSIS (2007)

First paragraph: Platinum (as well as many other metals) may\nbe prepared in finely divided forms that are\nporous at all levels of magnification. Cracks and\ncrevices in the sponge-like opaque matrix then\nallow visible light (of wavelength around 0.5 μm)\nto enter, whereupon it undergoes multiple reflections\nand is unlikely to be reflected back out. This\neffectively produces a high value for optical\nabsorption, resulting in a velvety black appearance\nto the eye, even though the platinum is in\nthe metallic state. Other porous structures (such\nas snow and plaster) consist of inherently transparent\nor translucent crystals, so light can be\nrefracted as well as reflected out and they appear\nmatt white.
Contents (2013)

The Kirkendall-effect induced migration of inert markers during a diffusion-controlled growth of intermetallic compounds in the Cu/Sn and Au/Sn couples at 215 and 180 °C were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of markers in multiphase reaction zones can be rationalized in terms of Kirkendall velocity construction. Observations on the microstructural features of the product intermetallic layers and the role of the Kirkendall effect in the morphogenesis of the interdiffusion systems are discussed. It was demonstrated that the velocity of markers in a product layer, the appearance of the Kirkendall plane(s), their location(s) and the morphological evolution of the reaction products can also be explained from a purely chemical point of view considering the diffusion-controlled interactions at the interphase interfases. A representation of the reaction scheme and kinetics of intermetallic growth in each of teh two systems is given.
Longitudinal Study of Epstein-Barr Virus Genotypes Associated with Infectious Mononucleosis Patients and Healthy Carriers (1990)

Longitudinal Study of Epstein-Barr Virus Genotypes Associated with Infectious Mononucleosis Patients and Healthy Carriers COLLEAGUES -Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are ubiquitous. After primary infections, the virus persists in the B lymphocyte and at some sites in the oropharynx. The virus can be isolated from the saliva and blood of a previously infected individual. On the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism, EBV has been shown to be genomically diverse In a previous study of EBV isolated from 21 infectious mononucleosis patients during the acute phase of the illness and 25 healthy adults, we found that epidemiologically unrelated EBV were genomically different, viruses isolated from the saliva and the blood of the same person were genomically indistinguishable, several genomically distinct strains ofEBV were circulating simultaneously among students of the University of California at Davis (UCD), and only one subject (a healthy student) harbored simultaneously more than one genotype of EBV [4]. We conducted a genomic study of EBV isolated from six individuals over a period of9-24 months to determine whether the EBV that persists in a person is genomically stable and whether a second infection by an exogenous EBV strain occurs.
The pathogenic potential of<i>Sporotrichum pruinosum</i>isolated from the human respiratory tract (1988)

The repeated occurrence of Sporotrichum pruinosum, demonstrated by direct microscopy and culture, is reported from the respiratory tract of three patients who complained of cough, expectoration of sputum, dyspnoea and occasional pyrexia. This observation coupled with the presence of immediate, type I, cutaneous hypersensitivity against S. pruinosum in two of the patients and the ability of the fungus to incite lesions in experimentally infected mice supported an etiologic relationship between the fungus and the patients' symptoms. The macroscopic and microscopic characters of one of the clinical isolates of S. pruinosum are briefly described. It is suggested that the isolation of S. pruinosum from clinical specimens should not be regarded as of no etiologic significance without careful clinical and laboratory evaluation of the patient.
Application of potato lipid acyl hydrolase for the synthesis of monoacylglycerols (1998)

Abstract Protein extracts from potato tubers contain a lipid acyl hydrolase (LAH) with an unusual selectivity. The component responsible for the enzyme activity is a group of closely related glycoproteins, known as patatin. Potato LAH catalyzes the rapid hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols (MAG), but in contrast expresses only low activity with di‐ and triacylglycerols. The selectivity of the LAH can be exploited for the synthesis of MAG from fatty acids and glycerol in microaqueous reaction systems. Oleic, linoleic, linolenic, capric, lauric, and myristic acids can be used as reactants, and in each case the reaction products contain >95 mol% MAG and <5 mol% diacylglycerol. By removing water from the reaction mixture by distillation under vacuum, excellent conversions of fatty acids into MAG are possible. Low conversions are observed with palmitic and stearic acids, because of the necessity to use a high temperature (70°C) to maintain a liquid reaction mixture. Potato LAH is rapidly inactivated at 70°C in the microaqueous reaction systems. Potato LAH also catalyzes the selective synthesis of monoesters from oleic acid and simple diols. With oleic acid and diglycerol, monoesters are again the main reaction products, but 17 mol% diesters are also formed.
Nature, causes, and prevention of labyrinth air seal failures (1975)

This paper is devoted to the problems of labyrinth air seals where radially extending teeth are carried by rotating components. In view of the possibility of resonance, determination of the natural nodal frequencies of seal components and supporting structure by analysis, tests, or both is of vital importance in the design and development procedure. Construction of Campbell frequency diagrams is a basic requirement to assure adequate frequency mistuning margin against vibration and fatigue failures caused by rubs. Aerodynamic disturbing forces have also excited flexural vibration and fatigue failure of seals. A w/R stability criterion has proven effective in evaluating the hazard of aeroelastic vibration due to pressure drop across multi-tooth seals. Acoustic oscillations in the annular chamber into which the seal discharges have coupled with the corresponding natural nodal flexural vibration of seal components, which increases nodal flexural vibration of seal components, and increases the hazard of vibration and fatigue failure. Transient thermal instability may occur if the heat generated during rub causes the inner component to grow at a faster rate than outer. Seals must have compatible thermal expansions to maintain close clearances even when engine operating transients are rapid. The design and application of severed damper sleeves and ring to rotor components are effective in protecting air seals and the cylindrical walls of annular chambers aft of seals against flexural vibration and fatigue failures excited by aerodynamic disturbing forces. Since acoustically coupled oscillations persist over relatively long distances and thus involve additional components, severed damper sleeves have proven effective in protecting these thin-walled components excited by aerodynamic disturbing forces.
Stabilization of Circular rpsT mRNA Demonstrates the 5′-End Dependence of RNase E Action in Vivo (2000)

RNase E is the major intracellular endonuclease in Escherichia coli. Its ability to cleave susceptible substrates in vitro depends on both the cleavage site itself and the availability of an unstructured 5' terminus. To test whether RNase E activity is 5'-end-dependent in vivo in the presence of all the components of the RNA degradative machinery, a known substrate, the rpsT mRNA, has been embedded in a permuted group I intron to permit its efficient, precise circularization in E. coli. Circular rpsT mRNAs are 4-6-fold more stable in vivo than their linear counterparts. Even partial inactivation of RNase E activity further enhances this stability 6-fold. However, the stabilization of circular rpsT mRNAs depends strongly on their efficient translation. These results show unambiguously the importance of an accessible 5'-end in controlling mRNA stability in vivo and support a two-step ("looping") model for RNase E action in which the first step is end recognition and the second is actual cleavage.
Restoration of instantaneous amplitude and phase of speech signal in noisy reverberant environments (2015)

We have proved that restoring the instantaneous amplitude as well as instantaneous phase on Gammatone interbank plays a significant role for speech enhancement. However, it is still challenging topic with dereverberation since previously proposed scheme can only work in noisy environments. In this paper, we extend our previously proposed scheme to be general speech enhancement of removing the effects of noise and reverberation by restoring instantaneous amplitude and phase simultaneously. Objective and subjective experiments were conducted under various noisy reverberant conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of the extension of proposed scheme. The signal to error ratio (SER), correlation, PESQ, and SNR loss were used in objective evaluations. The normalized mean preference score was used in subjective evaluations. The results of both evaluations revealed that the proposed scheme could effectively improve quality and intelligibility of speech signals under noisy reverberant conditions.
Dual functions of codons in the genetic code (2010)

The discovery of the genetic code provided one of the basic foundations of modern molecular biology. Most organisms use the same genetic language, but there are also well-documented variations representing codon reassignments within specific groups of organisms (such as ciliates and yeast) or organelles (such as plastids and mitochondria). In addition, duality in codon function is known in the use of AUG in translation initiation and methionine insertion into internal protein positions as well as in the case of selenocysteine and pyrrolysine insertion (encoded by UGA and UAG, respectively) in competition with translation termination. Ambiguous meaning of CUG in coding for serine and leucine is also known. However, a recent study revealed that codons in any position within the open reading frame can serve a dual function and that a change in codon meaning can be achieved by availability of a specific type of RNA stem-loop structure in the 3'-untranslated region. Thus, duality of codon function is a more widely used feature of the genetic code than previously known, and this observation raises the possibility that additional recoding events and additional novel features have evolved in the genetic code.
Repast: An extensible framework for agent simulation (2001)

Repast is a software framework for agent-based simulation created by Social Science Research Computing at the University of Chicago. It provides a library of classes for creating, running, displaying, and collecting data from an agent-based simulation. This paper provides an overview of Repast's design, features, and capabilities and describes the implementation of some of its key abstractions.
Compression molding solutions for various high end package and cost savings for standard package applications (2009)

There have been substantial changes on high density IC packages. Packages are becoming smaller and thinner, but, more numbers of chips are installed and stacked and wires are becoming longer and finer. Towa has been proving mold solutions for IC packages based on their original innovative Multi- Plunger molding method. Recently, Transfer Molding method is facing difficulty to mold advanced packages such as multistack die and fine wire bonded packages. Transfer molding requires resin flow path with high injection pressure to fill in the cavity using thermoset compound. The advanced packages have limited space for resin flow and more numbers of longer and finer wires are inside. Also, it becomes more difficult to mold large wafer and large area size substrate by Transfer molding method. To slove these issues, Compression FFT (Flow-Free and Thin) MoldingPat.P was introduced which has become new Defacto standard.
Kink modification using body contact bias in InPbased InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs (1996)

The mechanism of kink in InP based InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs is studied using HEMTs with a body contact (BC) electrode consisting of a buried p layer and a p-type contact. Kink modification was directly observed by varying BC bias, which shows kink is an anomalous suppression of drain current at low drain bias, not a parasitic current at high bias. Based on this result, the origin of kink is discussed.
A new approach for detecting attenuation changes during high-intensity focused ultrasound (2010)

The acoustic attenuation coefficient provides extremely valuable information for tissue characterization in general, and is needed for planning of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy in particular. The attenuation coefficient in tissue is sensitive to changes in temperature and to damage resulting from heating. To date, parametric images of attenuation coefficient from backscattered ultrasound have poor spatial resolution, and are thus inadequate for monitoring and assessment of HIFU. A novel method for detecting changes in attenuation using backscattered ultrasound was developed that could potentially be used for both monitoring and assessment of HIFU therapy. This approach compares the signal energy in an untreated region of sample located behind a region treated with HIFU. The technique was tested by using HIFU to treat a liver sample placed on top of a well-characterized tissue-mimicking phantom. The signal energy in the phantom was monitored using a clinical ultrasound scanner before, during, and after HIFU exposure of the liver. Results strongly depended on the presence of increased brightness in the sample. For cases without sample brightening, detected signal energy trended in a manner similar to the temperature. Also, a decrease in signal energy in the phantom after return to baseline temperature compared to initial conditions was detected in all cases, suggesting that the technique was sensitive to permanent changes induced by HIFU in the liver sample.
Development of a ceramic primer with higher bond durability for resin cement (2010)

To increase the bond durability of resin to the CAD/CAM ceramic surface, two types of two-bottle type ceramic primers, consisting of Primer A1 or A2 and Primer B, were designed. Primer A1 was prepared by dissolving 25, 50, or 100 mg of gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in 1 mL of ethanol. Primer A2 was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of mixed silanes, consisting of 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane to gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, in 1 mL of ethanol. Mole fractions of 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane to gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol%. Primer B was prepared after dissolving 0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid in ethanol by 50 vol%. Ceramic surface was silanated with a mixture of Primers A1 and B or Primers A2 and B for 1 min, and then air-dried. Commercial GC ceramic primer and Porcelain Liner M were utilized. Thereafter, dual-curing type resin cement was bonded to silanated ceramic surface through visible-light irradiation. Shear bond strength of resin to the ceramic surface was measured, before and after thermo-cycling. Addition of 0.01 or 0.05 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid to the gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane allowed for significant increases in the bond strength. However, thermo-cycling resulted in significant decreases of approximately 5 MPa in the bond strength. Conversely, when the mixed silane, where 30 mol% of 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane dissolved in gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, was utilized with 0.05 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid, the reduction in the bond strength decreased to approximately 2 MPa. The designed ceramic primers exhibited higher ceramic bond durability than commercial ceramic primers.
Evaluation of transient responses of ammonia-selective potentiometric electrodes for quantitative applications (1992)

An error-compensating, predictive kinetic method is adapted and evaluated for quantitative applications based on transient responses from an ammonia-selective electrode. Transient data collected during the early part of the electrode response are used with a curve-fitting method and appropriate mathematical models to predict the signal that would be measured if the response were monitored to equilibrium. Several different theoretical and empirical models were evaluated, and all but one of the models tested permitted reliable prediction of equilibrium potentials for most responses. Predicted values of equilibrium signal were close to measured values and exhibited the expected logarithmic dependence on ammonia concentration in the range from 0.1 to 100 mmol/L. Slopes of calibration plots E infinity vs log C, varied from about 50.5 to 65.0 mV per decade with an average value of 56.9 +/- 4.2 mV per decade. Quantitative data are used to rank the different models in terms of their utility for kinetic-based determinations of ammonia by using the ammonia-selective electrode.
60.3: Two‐Stacked White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Consisting of Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Hybrid Structure with High Efficiency and Good Color Characteristics (2009)

Abstract We report an improved bottom‐emission two‐stacked white OLED structure consisting of one unit emitting fluorescent blue light and the other unit emitting phosphorescent yellow in one‐host and two‐dopant (R+G) system. By searching EL condition optimizing both phosphorescent green and red dopants within just one light‐emitting layer, we can get WOLEDs suitable for a display application with very high current and power efficiencies, and excellent color characteristics. Our device exhibits high external quantum efficiency of 28.8%, current efficiency of 56.5 cd/A, and power efficiency of 30 lm/W at 5.9 V and 1000 nit where color point is (0.368, 0.385) in x‐y color space (CIE 1931). Half‐lifetime (LT 50 ) of the device at 1000 nit is estimated more than 31,000 hrs and color variation by aging is suppressed within less than 0.02 in u'‐v'color space (CIE 1976). Color filter developed for our WOLED enables color gamut to become wider than the 100% NTSC in uniform color space (u', v').
The Crusade Begins (2018)

King Louis IX of France departed on the Tunis Crusade in March 1270. The campaign was beset with challenges from the outset. Louis had contracted with the Genoese for an expeditionary fleet, but they were two months late delivering the boats. Bored and drunk crusaders rioted in the streets of Aigues‐Mortes as they waited out the long delay. When the crusade did set sail, it made for Cagliari on Sardinia rather than the Near East. Shocked by their arrival, the Pisan garrison that controlled the city at first refused the crusaders entrance inside its walls. At a council of war held on the king’s warship <italic>Montjoie</italic>, the decision to divert the crusade to Tunis was announced to a stunned rank and file. A peaceful port city was about to move from the periphery to the center of the history of the crusades.
An intelligent noninvasive model for coronary artery disease detection (2017)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Angiography is one of the benchmarked diagnoses for detection of CAD; however, it is costly, invasive, and requires a high level of technical expertise. This paper discusses a data mining technique that uses noninvasive clinical data to identify CAD cases. The clinical data of 335 subjects were collected at the cardiology department, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India, over the period of 2012–2013. Only 48.9% subjects showed coronary stenosis in coronary angiography and were confirmed cases of CAD. A large number of cases (171 out of 335) were found normal after invasive diagnosis. Hence, a requirement of noninvasive technique was felt that could identify CAD cases without going for invasive diagnosis. We applied data mining classification techniques on noninvasive clinical data. The data set is analyzed using a hybrid and novel k-means cluster centroid-based method for missing value imputation and C4.5, NB Tree and multilayer perceptron for modeling to predict CAD patients. The proposed hybrid method increases the accuracy achieved by the basic techniques of classification. This framework is a promising tool for screening CAD and its severity with high probability and low cost.