gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood Cell Proliferation Response to Beryllium: Analysis by Receiver-Operating Characteristics (1991)

As testing for beryllium-induced proliferation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells is not suitable for screening, we evaluated the proliferative response of blood cells to beryllium. Twenty-seven patients with chronic beryllium disease, documented by histology and a positive lung proliferative response to beryllium, were compared to 30 controls. A significant difference (p less than .05) was observed between beryllium disease patients and controls with 100 or 10 microM beryllium salts. To evaluate the optimum test parameters and stimulation index cutoff, receiver operating characteristic curves (true positive v false positive) were generated. Maximum predictive value positive (26%) was observed at a stimulation index cutoff of 2.5 which corresponds to a 38% sensitivity and 97% specificity. This suggests that the blood cell proliferation response to beryllium has a limited role in screening for chronic beryllium disease.
Nutritional Bioavailability of Manganese (1987)

Manganese is recognized as an essential nutrient for humans and animals; however, in excessive amounts manganese is also a toxic substance. Manganese has been defined as being a component of several enzymes and an activator of several other enzyme systems although other minerals such as magnesium can substitute for manganese in many but not all of these metabolic processes. Since nutritional adequacy of manganese is necessary for the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase, research dealing with this enzyme is of current interest. Only one case of frank manganese deficiency in the human has been identified and publicized in the literature. However, animal studies indicate that manganese deficiencies affect bone, brain and reproductive systems. Manganese absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is thought to be poor but its absorption is thought to be at least in part governed by its valence state. In the United States recent research suggests that mean manganese intakes of women are considerably lower than are the NRC Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes while those of formula fed infants are greater than the NRC ESADDI listings for this age group. Depending upon manganese source and availability of manganese from these sources, manganese adequacy or toxicity might be a problem for these segments of the American population.
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight (1999)

Written for calculus based general chemistry courses, particularly honours level or accelerated courses, Chemical Principles helps students develop chemical insight by showing the connections between fundamental chemical ideas and their applications. Unlike other texts, it begins with a detailed picture of the atom then builds toward chemistry's frontier, continually demonstrating how to solve problems, think about nature and matter, and visualize chemical concepts in the same ways as working chemists. The new edition incorporates features that extend the book's emphasis on modern techniques and applications while strengthening its problem solving approach. Atkins/Jones is the only book for this course featuring integrated book specific media that provides students with effective study help via a variety of electronic tools. The website at http://www.whfreeman.com/chemicalprinciples3e has been developed simultaneously with the text and offers a range of tools for problem solving and chemical exploration.
A <i>Ma10</i> gene encoding P‐type <scp>ATP</scp>ase is involved in fruit organic acid accumulation in apple (2018)

Acidity is one of the main determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted between two cultivars that showed a significant difference in fruit acidity, but contained homozygous non-functional alleles at the major gene Ma1 locus controlling apple fruit acidity. A candidate gene for fruit acidity, designated M10, was identified. The M10 gene encodes a P-type proton pump, P<sub>3A</sub> -ATPase, which facilitates malate uptake into the vacuole. The Ma10 gene is significantly associated with fruit malate content, accounting for ~7.5% of the observed phenotypic variation in apple germplasm. Subcellular localization assay showed that the Ma10 is targeted to the tonoplast. Overexpression of the Ma10 gene can complement the defect in proton transport of the mutant YAK2 yeast strain and enhance the accumulation of malic acid in apple callus. Moreover, its ectopic expression in tomato induces a decrease in fruit pH. These results suggest that the Ma10 gene has the capacity for proton pumping and plays an important role in fruit vacuolar acidification in apple. Our study provides useful knowledge towards comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanism regulating apple fruit acidity.
The Corona Discharge Transducer (1954)

Measurements have continued and will be reported on the dynamic pressure sensitivity of a point-to-plane corona discharge. It was found previously that the sensitivity of the device using a 6.3-mil diameter wire is proportional to the square of the ratio of current drawn by the discharge to potential across the discharge (conductance). Additional measurements show that the functional relation between sensitivity and conductance depends on wire diameter; for wire diameters ranging from 2.8 to 13.5 mils, the sensitivity-conductance relation ranges from a cube law to a linear law. The point-to-plane corona discharge may also be used as a sound source, provided that the discharge is maintained in the required current-voltage range. Preliminary results on the source properties of the device will be reported.
Point Contact MOM Tunneling Detector Analysis (1971)

The responsivity and its frequency dependence are derived for an asymmetrical tunneling contact in terms of area, thickness, mean barrier height, and asymmetry. This analysis applies to the point contact metal-oxide-metal diodes which are used as detectors and heterodyne mixers in the submillimeter wavelength and far infrared regions and are the fastest detectors yet conceived. Analytical results show that the best detector will have a small contact area. This is best achieved by using base metals with extremely thin insulating surface layers in order to prevent flattening of the whisker tip. This conclusion led to the development of the tungsten-gold film diode used as a mixer and detector in the far infrared. Video detection is demonstrated at 27.97-μ wavelength in response to a water vapor laser.
DnaA protein directs the binding of DnaB protein in initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli. (1994)

DnaA protein of Escherichia coli acts in the initiation of chromosomal replication to bind to sequences in the chromosomal origin. On binding, it promotes the assembly of other replication proteins that serve to prime DNA replication and assemble the replication apparatus for bidirectional replication fork movement. A collection of monoclonal antibodies to DnaA protein have been produced, one of which is described here, that interferes with the action of DnaA protein in promoting formation of a prepriming complex. On the analysis of this process, the antibody appears to interfere with the physical interaction between DnaA and DnaB protein in the DnaB.DnaC complex. Cross-linking studies confirm that DnaA and DnaB proteins interact directly. These results provide the first direct evidence that one of the roles of DnaA protein is to act as a site for binding of DnaB protein to the DNA and perhaps orients DnaB helicase to account for the directionality of replication fork movement.
Chinese text retrieval without using a dictionary (1997)

It is generafly believed that words, rather than characters, should be the smallest indexing unit for Chinese text retrieval systems, and that it is essential to have a comprehensive Chinese dictionary or lexicon for Chhmse text retrieval systems to do well. Chinese text has no delimiters to mark woni boundaries.
Uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (2002)

Uncooled infrared focal plane arrays have been developed which employ four detection mechanisms: resistive bolometric, pyroelectric, ferroelectric bolometric and thermoelectric. They find application in thermal imaging systems for night vision. Each of the four mechanisms is described. Figures of merit are defined. The fundamental limits to the performance of thermal detectors are presented. The state-of-the-art of the four types of thermal detectors is described and the role of uncooled focal plane arrays in thermal imaging systems is discussed.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Alpha Linolenic Acid on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells (2012)

Purpose.: Systemic polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were shown to improve the symptoms of dry eye syndrome due to their anti-inflammatory effects. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of PUFAs on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Methods.: HCE cells were incubated for 2 hours with different concentrations of PUFAs: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and linoleic acid (LA). Oleic acid (OA) and dexamethasone (DM) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Cells were stimulated with either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) complex. The protein contents and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α were evaluated with multiplex fluorescent bead immunoassay and real-time PCR, respectively. The expression of inhibitory factor-κBα (I-κBα) was evaluated with real-time PCR. Results.: The protein and mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased after stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Following treatment with ALA, a significant decrease was demonstrated in the protein content of TNF-α to 23.81% (P < 0.001), IL-6 to 46.71% (P < 0.001), IL-1β to 20.86% (P < 0.05), and IL-8 to 52.21% (P < 0.001). Similar results were demonstrated at the mRNA level. The anti-inflammatory effects of ALA were similar to those of DM for all of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. The ALA inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was associated with a significant reduction of I-κBα. Conclusions.: ALA may serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in ocular surface inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of ALA are comparable to those of corticosteroids, and are mediated through NF-κB signal transduction.
Targeted delivery of doxorubicin-utilizing chitosan nanoparticles surface-functionalized with anti-Her2 trastuzumab (2011)

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles were shown to discriminate between Her2+ and Her2⁻ cells, and thus have the potential to be used in active targeted drug delivery, with reduction of drug side effects in Her2+ breast and ovarian cancers.
Information systems vulnerability: A systems analysis perspective (1996)

Vulnerability analyses for information systems are complicated because the systems are often geographically distributed. Sandia National Laboratories has assembled an interdisciplinary team to explore the applicability of probabilistic logic modeling (PLM) techniques (including vulnerability and vital area analysis) to examine the risks associated with networked information systems. We have found that the reliability and failure modes of many network technologies can be effectively assessed using fault trees and other PLM methods. The results of these models are compatible with an expanded set of vital area analysis techniques that can model both physical locations and virtual (logical) locations to identify both categories of vital areas simultaneously. These results can also be used with optimization techniques to direct the analyst toward the most cost-effective security solution.
The purification and characterization of a third storage protein (convicilin) from the seeds of pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) (1980)

A third storage protein, distinct from legumin and vicilin, has been purified from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.). This protein has been named 'convicilin' and is present in protein bodies isolated from pea seeds. Convicilin has a subunit mol.wt. of 71 000 and a mol.wt. in its native form of 290 000. Convicilin is antigenically dissimilar to legumin, but gives a reaction of identity with vicilin when tested against antibodies raised against both proteins. However, convicilin contains no vicilin subunits and may be clearly separated from vicilin by non-dissociating techniques. Unlike vicilin, convicilin does not interact with concanavalin A, and contains insignificant amounts of carbohydrates. Limited heterogeneity, as shown by isoelectric focusing, N-terminal analysis, and CNBr cleavage, is present in convicilin isolated from a single pea variety; genetic variation of the protein between pea lines has also been observed.
The Effect of Selected Water-Soluble Excipients on the Dissolution of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen (2005)

The purpose of this investigation was to study the dissolution behavior of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the presence of a range of selected potential excipients. First, a pH-solubility profile was generated for both drugs, and the effect of changing hydrodynamic conditions on the intrinsic dissolution rate was investigated. It was established that both drugs dissolved according to the diffusion-layer model. Paracetamol solubility (approximately 20.3 mg mL(-1)) did not vary from pH 1.2-8.0, corresponding to the in vivo range in the gastrointestinal tract. Ibuprofen had an intrinsic solubility of approximately 0.06 mg mL(-1), and pK(a) was calculated as 4.4. Second, the effects of selected potential excipients (lactose, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and tartaric acid) were evaluated by measuring the effect of the inclusion of each additive in the dissolution medium on drug solubility, drug intrinsic dissolution rate, and solution viscosity. The results were evaluated using the diffusion-layer model, and it was determined that for paracetamol, the collected data fitted the model for all the excipients studied. For ibuprofen, it was found that there were differences between the excipients that raised the solution pH above the pK(a) to those that did not. For the excipients raising the pH above the pK(a), the effect on intrinsic dissolution rate was not as high as that expected from the change in drug solubility. It was postulated that this might be due to lack of penetration of the excipient into the drug boundary layer microenvironment. Formulators may calculate the effect of adding an excipient based on solubility increases but may not find the dissolution rate improvement expected.
High-Performing LiMg<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cu<sub><i>y</i></sub>Co<sub>1–<i>x</i>–<i>y</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Material for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries (2012)

Sustainable power requirements of multifarious portable electronic applications demand the development of high energy and high power density cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. This paper reports a method for rapid synthesis of a cobalt based layered cathode material doped with mixed dopants Cu and Mg. The cathode material exhibits ordered layered structure and delivers discharge capacity of ∼200 mA h g(-1) at 0.2C rate with high capacity retention of 88% over the investigated 100 cycles.
In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction Studies on Structural Changes of a P2 Layered Material during Electrochemical Desodiation/Sodiation (2015)

Sodium layered oxides with mixed transition metals have received significant attention as positive electrode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries because of their high reversible capacity. The phase transformations of layered compounds during electrochemical reactions are a pivotal feature for understanding the relationship between layered structures and electrochemical properties. A combination of in situ diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the phase transition mechanism for the ternary transition metal system (Fe–Mn–Co) with P2 stacking. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction using a capillary‐based microbattery cell shows a structural change from P2 to O2 in P2–Na 0.7 Fe 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 at the voltage plateau above 4.1 V on desodiation. The P2 structure is restored upon subsequent sodiation. The lattice parameter c in the O2 structure decreases significantly, resulting in a volumetric contraction of the lattice toward a fully charged state. Observations on the redox behavior of each transition metal in P2–Na 0.7 Fe 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that all transition metals are involved in the reduction/oxidation process.
The Austrian Political Parties (1973)

In spite of later difficulties and failures, it was the three main political parties of the 'German-Austrians', acting through Parliament, which, when the Empire was collapsing, seized the initiative and laid the foundations of the new state. And these three parties, in one form or another, became the constant political factors in Austrian life, surviving suppression by Hitler and maintaining surprisingly constant relative strengths, in spite of great fluctuations in Austria's fortunes. (See table on p. 15).KeywordsSocial Democratic PartyMain Political PartyAustrian LifeChristian SocialWestern LandThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Imaging Granzyme B Activity Assesses Immune-Mediated Myocarditis (2015)

Molecular imaging of granzyme B activity can visualize T cell-mediated myocardial injury and monitor the response to an anti-inflammatory intervention.
Regioselective Oxygenations of <i>S</i>-<i>Trans</i> Dienes, Silyl Dienol Ethers (SDEs), by Triphenyl Phosphite Ozonide (TPPO) and Its Mechanistic Study (2001)

The direct oxygenation of s-trans dienes, silyl dienol ethers (SDEs) 2, by triphenyl phosphite ozonide (TPPO) has been examined in detail. The regioselective oxygenation was found to give hydroperoxide 3, alcohol 4, ketone 5, dimer 6, and peroxy phosphate 7 with concomitant formation of triphenyl phosphate 8 and diphenyl trimethylsilyl phosphate 10. The formation of peroxy phosphate 7 was found for the first time in TPPO oxygenation reactions. The low temperature (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopic analyses proved the direct reaction of SDEs with TPPO without generation of singlet oxygen. The formation of the oxygenated products 3-7 is reasonably explained by the intervention of the zwitterion ZI, which can be formed by the nucleophilic attack of SDE to the central oxygen of the ozonide. The regioselective attack of SDE to the central oxygen of the ozonide was supported by the quantum chemical calculation (B3LYP/6-31G).
The use of product-based projects for effective learning and research in CAD/CAM (1995)

A research and development programme has been in progress for the last eight years between Dunlop-Slazenger International (Golf Division), Delcam International Ltd., and the Department of Manufacturing Engineering at Loughborough University of Technology. This work has resulted in an extensive programme of product (in this case golf equipment) related design-and-make-projects. The work has been designed to develop student skills and appreciation of CAD/CAM methods with respect to product-specific design criteria. The project activities have been developed for all years of the Department's undergraduate courses as well as for MSc and PhD students. They support an EPSRC research programme and provide an effective method for evaluating new ideas. It is apparent that the students appreciate the close product/industrial interaction gained from this type of programme of work, which is demanding, enjoyable and has proved to be an extremely effective learning and research facility for the application of advanced CAD/CAM methods.
Spaceflight effects on T lymphocyte distribution, function and gene expression (2008)

The immune system is highly sensitive to stressors present during spaceflight. The major emphasis of this study was on the T lymphocytes in C57BL/6NTac mice after return from a 13-day space shuttle mission (STS-118). Spleens and thymuses from flight animals (FLT) and ground controls similarly housed in animal enclosure modules (AEM) were evaluated within 3-6 h after landing. Phytohemagglutinin-induced splenocyte DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in FLT mice when based on both counts per minute and stimulation indexes (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that CD3(+) T and CD19(+) B cell counts were low in spleens from the FLT group, whereas the number of NK1.1(+) natural killer (NK) cells was increased (P < 0.01 for all three populations vs. AEM). The numerical changes resulted in a low percentage of T cells and high percentage of NK cells in FLT animals (P < 0.05). After activation of spleen cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, interleukin-2 (IL-2) was decreased, but IL-10, interferon-gamma, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha were increased in FLT mice (P < 0.05). Analysis of cancer-related genes in the thymus showed that the expression of 30 of 84 genes was significantly affected by flight (P < 0.05). Genes that differed from AEM controls by at least 1.5-fold were Birc5, Figf, Grb2, and Tert (upregulated) and Fos, Ifnb1, Itgb3, Mmp9, Myc, Pdgfb, S100a4, Thbs, and Tnf (downregulated). Collectively, the data show that T cell distribution, function, and gene expression are significantly modified shortly after return from the spaceflight environment.
[Metabolism of [1-(14)C]arachidonic acid in ruminant tissues during the pre- and postnatal periods of development under in vitro conditions]. (1992)

After in vitro incubation of liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues from the fetuses and adult cattle as well as of placenta tissue with [1-14C]arachidonic acid, about 90% of the radioactive label was found in the lipids, 10%-in the prostaglandins, and 0.1%-in 14CO2. Arachidonic acid was utilized for the synthesis of lipids and prostaglandins in the majority of fetal tissues in a much greater degree, whereas that in energy-linked process--in a smaller degree compared with adult cattle tissues. [1-14C]arachidonic acid metabolism in the placenta and liver of the given species proceeds much more intensely than that in the skeletal muscles and adipose tissue. In tissues of adult animals [1-14C]arachidonic acid is predominantly utilized for the synthesis of phospholipids, whereas that in fetal tissues is utilized for the synthesis of phospholipids, cholesterol, esters and triglycerides.
An update on the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Several epidemiological studies suggest that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially for patients carrying one or more epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E. The biological mechanism of this protection is not completely understood and may involve inhibition of COX activity, inhibition of beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42) production and aggregation, inhibition of beta-secretase activity, activation of PPAR-gamma or stimulation of neurotrophin synthesis. Unfortunately, long-term, placebo-controlled clinical trials with both non-selective and COX-2 selective NSAIDs in AD patients produced negative results. A secondary prevention study with rofecoxib in patients with mild cognitive impairment and a primary prevention study with naproxen and celecoxib in elderly subjects with a family history of AD were also negative. All these failures have diminished the hope that NSAIDs could be beneficial in the treatment of AD. It is hypothesized that the chronic use of NSAIDs may be beneficial only in the normal brain by inhibiting the production of Abeta42. Once the Abeta deposition process has started, NSAIDs are no longer effective and may even be detrimental because of their inhibiting activity on activated microglia of the AD brain, which mediates Abeta clearance and activates compensatory hippocampal neurogenesis.