gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the inhibitory mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 4-phenylpyridine analogs in inner membrane preparations. (1994)

We have investigated the mechanism of the inhibition of membrane-bound NADH dehydrogenase by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and a series of its 4'-alkyl-substituted analogs of increasing hydrophobicity, as well as their neutral, desmethyl congeners. Comparison of hydrophobicity, as measured by partition coefficients, with the IC50 for the inhibition of NADH oxidase activity in mitochondrial inner membrane preparations shows a negative correlation, but the cationic inhibitors are more effective than the neutral analogs with similar hydrophobicity. The presence of 10 microM tetraphenylboron (TPB-) potentiates the inhibitory power of positively charged analogs up to 4'-pentyl-MPP+, while the neutral inhibitors are unaffected by TPB-. Without TPB-, the more hydrophilic analogs give incomplete inhibition, but the inclusion of TPB- permits the attainment of complete inhibition, accompanied by the appearance of sigmoidal titration curves. These data support the hypothesis that MPP+ analogs, like rotenone, are bound at two sites on the enzyme and occupancy of both is required for complete inhibition. TPB-, by forming ion pairs with the cationic analogs, facilitates their equilibration to both sites in membrane preparations. When present in molar excess over the MPP+ analog, TPB- partially reverses the inhibition by decreasing its concentration in the more hydrophilic binding site. The effect of temperature and of pH on the IC50 values for inhibition support the concept of dual binding sites, and the pH dependence of the inhibition reveals the participation of two ionized protein groups in the binding, one of which may be a thiol group.
Inflammasomes in wound healing and fibrosis (2012)

Inflammasome signalling and downstream cytokine responses mediated by the inflammasome have been found to play an important role, not only in wound healing but also in fibrosis. The inflammasome regulates the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines, and both are critical for the repair of damaged tissue and play a role in fibrosis. However, what dictates the fine balance between normal wound healing versus fibrosis is yet to be fully elucidated. Further investigations into the role of the inflammasomes in these pathologies will be important for the discovery of novel therapeutics that can abrogate fibrosis or promote wound healing in chronic disease.
Targets, sensors and infinite-horizon tracking optimality (1990)

The problem of optimally scheduling various measurement sensors in a multiple-target tracking application is addressed. A short review of state filtering fundamentals using the Kalman filtering formalism is given. It is pointed out that the infinite-horizon optimality scheduling problem is closely related to the definition of some invariants and to the construction of a characteristic fractal set. Iteratively building an approximation of this set results in quasi-optimal finite-length sensor allocation sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>D4 Digital Channel Bank Family</i>: The Channel Bank (1982)

The D4 channel bank is the most recent Western Electric product in an evolution of time-division multiplex terminals for digital transmission facilities. D4 incorporates many technical innovations relative to the earlier developed D1D, D2, and D3 channel banks but is fully compatible with these earlier banks. D4 banks may be operated in any of five different modes as required to connect to a particular digital carrier facility (T1, T1C, T2, or FT2). The D4 channel bank is partitioned into common equipment and channel units. The common equipment provides digital line interface, pulse code modulation coding and multiplexing, alarms, trunk processing power, power fusing, and distribution. Individual channel units provide the circuits that interface to external circuits. There are many different versions of channel units including standard interoffice voice-frequency trunk types and those supplying data and special services.
Quantitative Information-Flow Tracking for C and Related Languages (2006)

We present a new approach for tracking programs ’ use of data through arbitrary calculations, to determine how much information about secret inputs is revealed by public outputs. Using a fine-grained dynamic bit-tracking analysis, the technique measures the information revealed during a particular execution. The technique accounts for indirect flows, e.g. via branches and pointer operations. Two kinds of untrusted annotation improve the precision of the analysis. An implementation of the technique based on dynamic binary translation is demonstrated on real C, C++, and Objective C programs of up to half a million lines of code. In case studies, the tool checked multiple security policies, including one that was violated by a previously unknown bug. 1
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (1993)

For the average clinician, clinic, or inpatient facility, individuals with borderline personality disorder often represent the most difficult and insoluble cases. The first volume to provide strategies proven effective in controlled clinical trials, this book is a comprehensive, integrated approach to therapy with this population. Marsha Linehan presents specific guidelines that creatively combine the best elements of behavioral, psychoanalytic, strategic, and other commonly employed modalities. A clinical innovator, she has analyzed the aspects of borderline into their component parts and developed a systematized approach to each of them. The first section of the book presents an overview of the disorder and lays out a theoretical framework to guide the therapy. The second describes in detail how to assess borderline patients and how to organize and prioritize treatment goals and behavioral targets
Systematic Effects of Carbon Doping on the Superconducting Properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Mg</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2004)

The upper critical field, H(c2), of Mg(B1-xCx)(2) has been measured in order to probe the maximum magnetic field range for superconductivity that can be attained by C doping. Carbon doped MgB2 filaments were prepared, and for carbon levels below 4% the transition temperatures are depressed by about 1 K/% C and H(c2)(T=0) rises by about 5 T/% C. This means that 3.8% C substitution will depress T(c) from 39.2 to 36.2 K and raise H(c2)(T=0) from 16.0 to 32.5 T. These rises in H(c2) are accompanied by a rise in resistivity at 40 K from about 0.5 to about 10 microOmega cm.
The sex pheromone system of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (1994)

The sex pheromone system of Enterococcus faecalis was discovered by observing a clumping reaction of E. faecalis strains during conjugative transfer of plasmids. It was found that only a special type of E. faecalis plasmids, the so-called sex pheromone plasmids, are transferred via this mechanism. Various experiments, especially by the group of D. B. Clewell, led to the formulation of a model describing how the sex pheromone system works. Small linear peptides, the so-called sex pheromones, are excreted by strains not possessing the corresponding sex pheromone plasmid. Donor strains harboring the plasmid do not produce the corresponding sex pheromone; they react to the presence of the peptide by production of a plasmid-encoded adhesin, the so-called aggregation substance. This adhesin allows contact between the non-motile mating partners; after conjugative transfer of the plasmid, the former recipient possesses and replicates the new plasmid. Thereby the population of E. faecalis strains is shifted to a high percentage of donor strains. This is especially true because a donor strain will still excrete sex pheromones corresponding to plasmids it does not harbor; therefore, such a strain can also function as recipient for other sex pheromone plasmids it does not possess. Various aspects of this unique plasmid collection mechanism have been studied during the last few years. The data indicate that, with the exception of pAM373, all sex pheromone plasmids possess one DNA region which is highly similar to and codes for the adhesin. It is also becoming more and more clear that regulatory functions/proteins are not conserved between different sex pheromone plasmids. Induction of adhesin synthesis needs the action of a regulatory cascade composed of unique features; at the moment we are just beginning to understand this cascade. By sequencing the first structural gene for one of those adhesins, we realized that the aggregation substance might act also as an adhesin for eucaryotic cells, probably by interaction with integrins. At least in the case of the in vitro cultured pig kidney tubulus cell line LLC-PK1 this idea could be verified. An interesting aspect of the sex pheromone system of E. faecalis is its evolution. I will discuss the idea that two different components, both of which well might contribute to virulence of the opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, were combined in the species E. faecalis to result in this unique plasmid collection system.
A cross-national comparative study of the policy effects of referendums (2006)

With the adoption of new constitutions in Eastern and Central Europe containing numerous provisions allowing for referendums, cross-national comparative work on the policy effects of referendums across the European continent have become possible. This allows us to close an important gap in the literature on referendums, namely to assess the consequences of these institutions at the national level. More precisely, we wish to assess whether the well-documented policy effects at the subnational level (e.g., in the United States or Switzerland) carry over to the national level. Some of these subnational studies support the theoretically derived implication that the possibility of referendums leads to policies more closely reflecting the voters' wishes. The present paper provides empirical tests of this, but contrary to other empirical studies so far, proposes a comparative analysis at the national level. For several policies in the domain of labor regulation we show that the presence of institutions allowing for referendums reduces the difference between policy outcomes and the voters' wishes as assessed in surveys. We carry out these tests on the basis of several datasets covering a range of mainly Western countries, and rely on a diverse set of methodologies to assess policy outcomes.
Detecting Inappropriate Clarification Requests in Spoken Dialogue Systems (2014)

Spoken Dialogue Systems ask for clarification when they think they have misunderstood users. Such requests may differ depending on the information the system believes it needs to clarify. However, when the error type or location is misidentified, clarification requests appear confusing or inappropriate. We describe a classifier that identifies inappropriate requests, trained on features extracted from user responses in laboratory studies. This classifier achieves 88.5% accuracy and .885 F-measure in detecting such requests.
Protective efficacy in mice of post-exposure vaccination with vaccinia virus recombinant expressing either rabies virus glycoprotein or nucleoprotein (1994)

Mice vaccinated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10(7) p.f.u. of a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing either the glycoprotein (rVac-G) or nucleoprotein (rVac-N) of rabies virus 3 weeks before challenge were protected against peripheral lethal infection. Similarly, by post-exposure vaccination in which mice were first infected with rabies virus and subsequently vaccinated i.p. with the recombinant, rVac-G conferred protection when given immediately following infection and up to 24 h after infection. Prior treatment of those mice with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) did not significantly affect the outcome of the infection. In contrast, rVac-N failed to confer protection even with higher doses (10(8) p.f.u.) of the virus or even when administered by the intradermal route. Anti-nucleoprotein antibody production by these mice was not suppressed by prior rabies virus infection and the levels and the time of antibody production were similar to those of anti-glycoprotein antibody production in mice vaccinated with rVac-G after rabies virus infection. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was also not down-regulated by rabies virus in the mice that were given rVac-N. Possible mechanism(s) for the ineffectiveness of rVac-N by post-exposure vaccination in contrast to pre-exposure vaccination was discussed.
The effectiveness of non-surgical maxillary expansion: a meta-analysis (2013)

SME is effective in expanding maxillary arch, while we cannot determine its effectiveness in mandibular arch expansion. RME is effective in expanding both maxillary and mandibular arches. Furthermore, SME is superior to RME in expanding molar region of maxillary arch, while similar with RME in mandibular arch expansion. However, we cannot compare their effectiveness in maxillary anterior region.
Intrusion detection using neural networks and support vector machines (2003)

Information security is an issue of serious global concern. The complexity, accessibility, and openness of the Internet have served to increase the security risk of information systems tremendously. This paper concerns intrusion detection. We describe approaches to intrusion detection using neural networks and support vector machines. The key ideas are to discover useful patterns or features that describe user behavior on a system, and use the set of relevant features to build classifiers that can recognize anomalies and known intrusions, hopefully in real time. Using a set of benchmark data from a KDD (knowledge discovery and data mining) competition designed by DARPA, we demonstrate that efficient and accurate classifiers can be built to detect intrusions. We compare the performance of neural networks based, and support vector machine based, systems for intrusion detection.
Fast extraction of scene structure based on gradient runs analysis (2003)

The paper presents a novel edge detector for fast localization of image features and homogeneous regions extraction. A new approach based on gradient runs analysis is used to localize edges. Runs are sequences of pixels having the same property, such as equal intensity, adjacent in a row or column. The segments of a piecewise-linear approximation of a row/column of a grayscale image are named gradient runs. The gradient runs representation speeds up and facilitates image analysis. The runs are linked into a planar graph reorganizing the edge information for topology analysis. The algorithm of edge detection using gradient runs and an algorithm sketch of edge graph construction based on appropriate gradient runs linkage are presented.
The Importance of Bone Mineral Density in Hip Arthroplasty: Results of a Survey Asking Orthopaedic Surgeons about Their Opinions and Attitudes Concerning Osteoporosis and Hip Arthroplasty (2016)

<i>Objective.</i> In patients scheduled to undergo total joint arthroplasty of the hip, the bone quality around the joint affects the safety of prosthetic implantation. Bone strength is clinically assessed by measuring bone mineral density (BMD); therefore we asked if BMD is important to orthopaedic surgeons performing hip arthroplasty. <i>Methods.</i> In a 14-question survey, we asked about treatment patterns with respect to BMD, osteoporosis work-up, and treatment for patients with low BMD scheduled to undergo hip arthroplasty. <i>Results.</i> 72% of all asked orthopaedics reported to use cementless implants as a standard in hip arthroplasty. Over 60% reported that low BMD is a reason to reconsider operation strategies, but only 4% performed BMD measurement preoperatively. 26% would change their treatment strategy in case of a BMD (T-Score) between -1.5 and -2 and 40% in case of a T-score between -2 and -2.5, and 29% would change their intraoperative strategy if a T-score smaller than -2.5 was measured. <i>Conclusion.</i> The majority of orthopaedic surgeons who responded to the survey reported that they do not perform routine measurement of BMD before arthroplasty. However, most surgeons commented that low bone mineral density will influence their surgical plan and the implant design.
The importance of branching models in SCM (2002)

To improve software quality, you must first understand your software. If you do not understand your code base, your odds of updating it without breaking something are poor. Often, a fundamental misunderstanding of software configuration management (SCM) as it applies to real-world application development is at fault. Branching is integral to version management, software build correctness, and release management. Good decisions about when and why to branch can make it much easier for developers and release engineers to coordinate software product changes. The right branching strategy makes it easier to deliver the right code, re-create past releases, and-if necessary roll back to a previous release. The authors consider how adopting the right SCM branching model facilitates rapid development, increases overall product quality and process efficiency, reduces the incidence of software failures, and improves organizational performance.
A digital frequency synthesizer (1971)

A digital frequency synthesizer has been designed and constructed based on generating digital samples of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\exp [j(2^{\pi}nk/N)]</tex> at time <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nT</tex> . The real and imaginary parts of this exponential form samples of quadrature sinusoids where the frequency index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> is allowed to vary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(-N/4) \leq K < (N/4)</tex> . The digital samples drive digital to analog converters followed by low-pass interpolating filters to produce analog sinusoids. The method is superior to digital difference equations with poles on the unit circle since the noise or numerical inaccuracy remains bounded. The digital technique used consists of factoring the exponential into two table look-ups from an efficiently organized small READ-ONLY memory table and performing a complex multiply to produce the real and imaginary components. A small array multiplier efficiently organized performs the multiplications. The technique lends itself to the production of phase coherent or phase controlled sinusoids because of the indexing arrangement used. In addition finer frequency steps than the READ-ONLY memory allows are available by expanding the indexing register at no increase in inaccuracy.
Citrate Cycle and Related Metabolism of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (1971)

The growth response of Listeria monocytogenes strains A4413 and 9037-7 to carbohydrates was determined in a defined medium. Neither pyruvate, acetate, citrate, isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, nor malate supported growth. Furthermore, inclusion of any of these carbohydrates in the growth medium with glucose did not increase the growth of Listeria over that observed on glucose alone. Resting cell suspensions of strain A4413 oxidized pyruvate but not acetate, citrate, isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, or malate. Cell-free extracts of strain A4413 contained active citrate synthase, aconitate hydratase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, fumarate reductase, pyruvate dehydrogenase system, and oxidases for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation system, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, and malate synthase were not detected. Cytochromes were not detected. The data suggest that strain A4413, under these conditions, utilizes a split noncyclic citrate pathway which has an oxidative portion (citrate synthase, aconitate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase) and a reductive portion (malate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and fumarate reductase). This pathway is probably important in biosynthesis but not for a net gain in energy.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Compound MnN. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Validation of an ambulatory cough detection and counting application using voluntary cough under different conditions (2010)

This validation scheme provides an objective and quantitative assessment method of a cough counting algorithm in a range of realistic situations that simulate ambulatory monitoring of cough. The ability to detect voluntary coughs under acoustically challenging ambient conditions may represent a useful step towards a clinically applicable automatic cough detector.
Occurrence and distribution of neuropeptides in the human skin. An immunocytochemical and immunochemical study on normal skin and blister fluid from inflamed skin (1987)

The content and distribution of substance P (SP), somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in human skin were investigated. Radioimmunoassay was performed on pooled tissue samples from several regions (fingers, toes, axillas and thighs) and on tissue fluid from spontaneous blisters on inflamed skin. Immunocytochemical localization showed all peptides examined except somatostatin to be present in nerve fibers. Nerve fibers storing SP and CGRP, which were found to coexist, were mostly present as free nerve endings in the superficial part of dermis and in epidermis. SP/CGRP fibers were most abundant in fingers and toes. VIP fibers and NPY fibers were localized in the deeper parts of dermis around blood vessels and acini of sweat glands. Also fibers containing these neuropeptides were most common in fingertips and toes. VIP occurred in relatively high amounts also in skin from axilla whereas NPY in this region was below detection limit. Immunoreactive somatostatin was found in low concentrations in tissue extracts and was not present in amounts sufficient for reliable immunostaining. Fluid from spontaneous blisters on inflamed skin contained detectable amounts of all neuropeptides.
Joint Network-Channel Coding for Wireless Relay Networks (2008)

This work investigates the design of channel codes for error-correction in wireless relay networks with broadcast transmissions and time-division multiple access. In particular, the relay channel, the multiple-access relay channel (MARC) and the two-way relay channel (TWRC) are considered as networks. The coding schemes for the MARC and the TWRC include network coding at the relay. Network coding and channel coding is jointly designed with the aim to exploit redundancy in the network code for a better error-correction. The code design is based on turbo codes. A possible application are cellular mobile systems. Beside the code design, it is considered how to allocate the transmission time to the source(s) and the relay and a relaying scheme with hierarchical modulation is proposed to lower the computational complexity. It is also proposed to extend current H-ARQ schemes for systems without relay with cross-packet channel coding.