gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A magnetic resonance study of pore filling processes during spontaneous imbibition in Berea sandstone (2003)

A new magnetic resonance technique, DDIF (the decay of magnetization due to diffusion in the internal field), was combined with mercury porosimetry to investigate pore geometry, including pore- and throat-size distribution, and pore connectivity for porous media. A comparison of DDIF spectra for a fully water saturated Berea sandstone, with the partially saturated sample by centrifugation in air, indicated that DDIF can be used for the measurement of water filled pore size distribution in partially saturated porous media. Dynamic water imbibition into air-filled Berea sandstone was studied using the DDIF technique. Simultaneously, in situ three-dimensional saturation and capillary driven water penetration were monitored using Conical-SPRITE, which is a rapid, centric scanning, spin-density weighted single point three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging technique. These measurements provide direct evidence for differences in the pore filling mechanisms for co-current imbibition and counter-current imbibition in Berea sandstone. During co-current imbibition, water flows through the pores and connected throats with a piston-type mechanism. Air is displaced from the sample by the leading edge of the waterfront, resulting in a macroscopic piston-like flow through the entire sample. During counter-current imbibition, water flows through the pores and connected throats with a film-like structure along the corners and surfaces of the pore space. Air escapes from the sample by flowing through the center of the pores and pore throats, in the opposite direction. Once the penetrating waterfronts meet, at the sample center, there is a global, uniform increase in water content.
A unique in vivo assessment of 4-[10B]borono-L-phenylalanine in tumour tissues for boron neutron capture therapy of malignant melanomas using positron emission tomography and 4-borono-2-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine (1992)

A unique in vivo approach to assessing the concentrations of 4-[10B]borono-L-phenylalanine (L-BPA), a melanoma targeting compound for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), was investigated using L-BPA labelled with positron-emitting 18F (half-life = 110 min), i.e., 4-[10B]borono-2-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine (L-[18F]FBPA). High melanoma uptake of L-[18F]FBPA was reduced slightly by competition with L-BPA in the two animal models of the murine B16 melanoma and the melanotic Greene's melanoma No. 179 in hamsters. In mice given L-[18F]FBPA and L-BPA, the concentrations of 10B in B16 estimated from 18F radioactivity were lower than those measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Lower estimated values were dependent on the time after injection and on the loading dose of L-BPA. The estimated 10B concentrations for Green's melanomas were comparable to the measured values. Positron emission tomography (PET) using L-[18F]FBPA allowed Greene's melanomas to be clearly visualized. In conclusion, when L-[18F]FBPA is used as a probe for L-BPA in BNCT of malignant melanomas, the melanoma can be localized and the 10B concentrations in tissues can be assessed in vivo using 18F radioactivity by PET.
First-In-Class Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Single-Strand DNA Cytosine Deaminase APOBEC3G (2011)

APOBEC3G is a single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase that comprises part of the innate immune response to viruses and transposons. Although APOBEC3G is the prototype for understanding the larger mammalian polynucleotide deaminase family, no specific chemical inhibitors exist to modulate its activity. High-throughput screening identified 34 compounds that inhibit APOBEC3G catalytic activity. Twenty of 34 small molecules contained catechol moieties, which are known to be sulfhydryl reactive following oxidation to the orthoquinone. Located proximal to the active site, C321 was identified as the binding site for the inhibitors by a combination of mutational screening, structural analysis, and mass spectrometry. Bulkier substitutions C321-to-L, F, Y, or W mimicked chemical inhibition. A strong specificity for APOBEC3G was evident, as most compounds failed to inhibit the related APOBEC3A enzyme or the unrelated enzymes E. coli uracil DNA glycosylase, HIV-1 RNase H, or HIV-1 integrase. Partial, but not complete, sensitivity could be conferred to APOBEC3A by introducing the entire C321 loop from APOBEC3G. Thus, a structural model is presented in which the mechanism of inhibition is both specific and competitive, by binding a pocket adjacent to the APOBEC3G active site, reacting with C321, and blocking access to substrate DNA cytosines.
Update 1 of: Asymmetric Fluorination, Trifluoromethylation, and Perfluoroalkylation Reactions (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTUpdate 1 of: Asymmetric Fluorination, Trifluoromethylation, and Perfluoroalkylation ReactionsJun-An Ma† and Dominique Cahard*‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, and UMR 6014 CNRS, laboratoire COBRA de l'IRCOF (Institut de Recherche en Chimie Organique Fine), Université et INSA de Rouen, Rue Tesniere, F-76130 Mont Saint Aignan, France* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: (33) 2 35 52 29 62. E-mail: [email protected]†Tianjin University.‡Université et INSA de Rouen.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 9, PR1–PR43Publication Date (Web):September 10, 2008Publication History Received11 March 2008Published online10 September 2008Published inissue 10 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr800221vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr800221vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13320Altmetric-Citations823LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Halogenation,Organic compounds,Reagents,Stereoselectivity,Trifluoromethylation Get e-Alerts
Speech Hiding Algorithm Based on Speech Parameter Model (2003)

Based on speech parameter model, a novel approach to embed secret speech into open speech is proposed in this paper. First, secret speech is coded into binary parameter bits with Mix-Excitation Linear Prediction (MELP) algorithm, and the bits are arranged to form hiding information sequence. Then open speech is divided into several frames for information embedding. On every frame, according to crosscorrelation-based pitch detection method, the instantaneous pitch is utilized to determine the current embedding position in frequency domain of open speech. Finally, information hiding procedure is completed by modifying relevant frequency coefficients, which is controlled with current information bit. At the receiver, based on the same pitch detection method, the embedding position is found and the hiding bit is recovered sequentially. After MELP decoding, the secret speech waveform can be recovered entirely. The experimental results show that the average SNR of middle speech is close to 60dB, and the watermarking is strongly robust to many attacks such as compression, filter and so on. This algorithm provides a new approach for the research on information security and digital watermarking.
ON THE DISAMBIGUATION OF FINITE AUTOMATA AND FUNCTIONAL TRANSDUCERS (2013)

This paper introduces a new disambiguation algorithm for finite automata and functional finite-state transducers. It gives a full description of this algorithm, including a detailed pseudocode and analysis, and several illustrating examples. The algorithm is often more efficient and the result dramatically smaller than the one obtained using determinization for finite automata or the construction of Schützenberger. The unambiguous automaton or transducer created by our algorithm are never larger than those generated by the construction of Schützenberger. In fact, in a variety of cases, the size of the unambiguous transducer returned by our algorithm is only linear in that of the input transducer while the transducer created by the construction of Schützenberger is exponentially larger. Our algorithm can be used effectively in many applications to make automata and transducers more efficient to use.
Application Research on 2D Image-based Non-contact Anthropometric Technology in Clothing E-commerce (2017)

Anthropometry is an important component element of fashion design, pattern research, clothing production and clothing MTM online. Anthropometric technology has went through the process from contact to non-contact, and from manual anthropometry to 2D image and 3D anthropometry. The purpose of this paper is to summarize symmetric and theoretic 2D image-based non-contact anthropometric ideas, and to solve the problem of measuring body circumference dimensions on 2D images in clothing e-commerce. Firstly it separates 2D image-based non-contact Anthropometry into three steps: image silhouette extracting and characteristic body measurement, girth calculation and error & accuracy analysis, and analyses the methods of every step; then it discusses the characteristics of the anthropometry operating and its' application in clothing e-commerce.
Radiative properties of a plasma moving across a magnetic field. I: Theoretical analysis (1993)

The early-time evolution of plasmas moving across a background magnetic field is addressed with a two-dimensional model in which a plasma cloud is assumed to have formed instantaneously with a velocity across a uniform background magnetic field and with a Gaussian density profile in the two dimensions perpendicular to the direction of motion. This model treats both the dynamics associated with the formation of a polarization field and the generation and propagation of electromagnetic waves. In general, the results indicate that, to zeroth order, the plasma cloud behaves like a large dipole antenna oriented in the direction of the polarization field which oscillates at frequencies defined by the normal mode of the system. The magnitude of the radiation field and the amount of plasma momentum and energy carried away by and stored instantaneously in the fields are discussed only qualitatively in this paper, quantitative results for specific cloud parameters and scaling laws for the magnitude of the fields and the slowing down of the plasma cloud are presented in a companion manuscript.
Iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin by a Serratia marcescens extracellular protein. (1994)

Several pathogenic bacteria are able to use heme and hemoproteins as iron sources independent of siderophore production by mechanisms involving outer membrane heme-binding proteins and heme transport systems. Here we show that Serratia marcescens has such a property and we identify an extracellular heme-binding protein, HasA (for heme acquisition system), allowing the release of heme from hemoglobin. This protein is secreted by S. marcescens under conditions of iron depletion and is essential for heme acquisition.
MicroRNA-155 regulates monocyte chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2016)

Given the observed correlations with disease activity, these data provide strong evidence that miR-155 can contribute to RA pathogenesis by regulating chemokine production and pro-inflammatory chemokine receptor expression, thereby promoting inflammatory cell recruitment and retention in the RA synovium.
Bacteriophage virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases: potential new enzybiotics (2012)

Virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases (VAPGH) are phage-encoded lytic enzymes that locally degrade the peptidoglycan (PG) of the bacterial cell wall during infection. In contrast to endolysins, PGHs that mediate lysis of the host bacteria at the end of the lytic cycle to release of phage progeny, the action of VAPGHs generates a small hole through which the phage tail tube crosses the cell envelope to eject the phage genetic material at the beginning to the infection cycle. The antimicrobial activity of VAPGHs was first discovered through the observation of the phenomenon of 'lysis from without', in which the disruption of the bacterial cell wall occurs prior to phage production and is caused by a high number of phages adsorbed onto the cell surface. Based on a unique combination of properties of VAPGHs such as high specificity, remarkable thermostability, and a modular organization, these proteins are potential candidates as new antibacterial agents, e.g. against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human therapy and veterinary as well as biopreservatives in food safety, and as biocontrol agents of harmful bacteria in agriculture. This review provides an overview of the different VAPGHs discovered to date and their potential as novel antimicrobials.
RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Different Dynamics of Differentiation of Human Dermis- and Adipose-Derived Stromal Stem Cells (2012)

Our findings suggest that stromal stem cells including AdMSCs and dermal FBs exploit different molecular mechanisms of differentiation to reach a common cell fate. The early mechanisms of differentiation are lineage-specific and are similar for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation but are distinct for chondrogenic differentiation between AdMSCs and FBs.
Thermodynamics of the Vaporization of Hf and HfO2: Dissociation Energy of HfO (1963)

The vaporization of Hf and HfO2 have been studied using Langmuir vaporization and Knudsen effusion methods in combination with radioactive tracer and mass spectrometric techniques. The vapor pressure of hafnium over the temperature range from 2050° to 2300°K is represented by the equation: logpmm=9.765–31250/T. Third-law analysis of the data yields the heat of vaporization, ΔH2980=145.5±1.0 kcal/mole. The estimated boiling point of hafnium is 4575±150°K. The only hafnium containing species observed when HfO2 was vaporized was HfO. For the reaction HfO2(s)→HfO(g)+O(g)ΔH2980 was found to be 349±3 kcal/mole. The dissociation energy of HfO was estimated to be D00 (HfO)=182.6±6 kcal/mole.
A New Deep Learning-Based Food Recognition System for Dietary Assessment on An Edge Computing Service Infrastructure (2017)

Literature has indicated that accurate dietary assessment is very important for assessing the effectiveness of weight loss interventions. However, most of the existing dietary assessment methods rely on memory. With the help of pervasive mobile devices and rich cloud services, it is now possible to develop new computer-aided food recognition system for accurate dietary assessment. However, enabling this future Internet of Things-based dietary assessment imposes several fundamental challenges on algorithm development and system design. In this paper, we set to address these issues from the following two aspects: (1) to develop novel deep learning-based visual food recognition algorithms to achieve the best-in-class recognition accuracy; (2) to design a food recognition system employing edge computing-based service computing paradigm to overcome some inherent problems of traditional mobile cloud computing paradigm, such as unacceptable system latency and low battery life of mobile devices. We have conducted extensive experiments with real-world data. Our results have shown that the proposed system achieved three objectives: (1) outperforming existing work in terms of food recognition accuracy; (2) reducing response time that is equivalent to the minimum of the existing approaches; and (3) lowering energy consumption which is close to the minimum of the state-of-the-art.
Key frame extraction for salient activity recognition (2016)

Surveillance cameras have become big business, with most metropolitan cities spending millions of dollars to watch residents, both from street corners, public transportation hubs, and body cameras on officials. Watching and processing the petabytes of streaming video is a daunting task, making automated and user assisted methods of searching and understanding videos critical to their success. Although numerous techniques have been developed, large scale video classification remains a difficult task due to excessive computational requirements. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth study to investigate effective architectures and semantic features for efficient and accurate solutions to activity recognition. We investigate different color spaces, optical flow, and introduce a novel deep learning fusion architecture for multi-modal inputs. The introduction of key frame extraction, instead of using every frame or a random representation of video data, make our methods computationally tractable. Results further indicate that transforming the image stream into a compressed color space reduces computational requirements with minimal affect on accuracy.
Photoresponsive Transistors Based on Lead‐Free Perovskite and Carbon Nanotubes (2019)

Abstract Lead‐free perovskite materials are exhibiting bright application prospects in photodetectors (PDs) owing to their low toxicity compared with traditional lead perovskites. Unfortunately, their photoelectric performance is constrained by the relatively low charge conductivity and poor stability. In this work, photoresponsive transistors based on stable lead‐free bismuth perovskites CsBi 3 I 10 and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are first reported. The SWCNTs significantly strengthen the dissociation and transportation of the photogenerated charge carriers, which lead to dramatically improved photoresponsivity, while a decent I light / I dark ratio over 10 2 can be maintained with gate modulation. The devices exhibit high photoresponsivity (6.0 × 10 4 A W −1 ), photodetectivity (2.46 × 10 14 jones), and external quantum efficiency (1.66 × 10 5 %), which are among the best reported results in lead‐free perovskite PDs. Furthermore, the excellent stability over many other lead‐free perovskite PDs is demonstrated over 500 h of testing. More interestingly, the device also shows the application potential as a light‐stimulated synapse and its synaptic behaviors are demonstrated. In summary, the lead‐free bismuth perovskite‐based hybrid phototransistors with multifunctional performance of photodetection and light‐stimulated synapse are first demonstrated in this work.
Block-based conditional entropy coding for medical image compression (2003)

In this paper, we propose a block-based conditional entropy coding scheme for medical image compression using the 2-D integer Haar wavelet transform. The main motivation to pursue conditional entropy coding is that the first-order conditional entropy is always theoretically lesser than the first and second-order entropies. We propose a sub-optimal scan order and an optimum block size to perform conditional entropy coding for various modalities. We also propose that a similar scheme can be used to obtain a sub-optimal scan order and an optimum block size for other wavelets. The proposed approach is motivated by a desire to perform better than JPEG2000 in terms of compression ratio. We hint towards developing a block-based conditional entropy coder, which has the potential to perform better than JPEG2000. Though we don't indicate a method to achieve the first-order conditional entropy coder, the use of conditional adaptive arithmetic coder would achieve arbitrarily close to the theoretical conditional entropy. All the results in this paper are based on the medical image data set of various bit-depths and various modalities.
[Percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement: towards a modification of the prosthesis]. (2003)

Percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement has recently been introduced as an alternative to surgery, pushing back the frontiers of interventional catheterisation. The authors report their experience in this field and focus on the complications of the method. From September 2000 to November 2002, 14 patients with a failing artificial pulmonary outflow tract were included in this protocol of clinical research. The authors attempted pulmonary implantation of a bovine jugular vein valve fitted in a vascular stent under general anaesthesia. The implantation was possible in all patients. Three had dynamic obstruction due to the implanted valve. This was due to infiltration of blood between the valve and the stent. The problem was resolved by: implanting a second valve in one patient: redialating the valve stent in two other patients. However, the last patient had to be reoperated 7 weeks after the implantation because of recurrence of the obstruction. One valve had to be explanted one year after implantation because of severe infectious endocarditis after unprotected dental treatment. Two patients experienced fracture of the stent but without valve dysfunction. Despite these complications, the clinical state of all patients improved during follow-up. The authors conclude that non-surgical pulmonary valve replacement is feasible, thereby increasing the therapeutic arsenal of interventional catheterisation. Simple modifications should result in fewer problems of dynamic obstruction and stent fracture, and lead to proposing this technique for native pulmonary outflow tracts.
Transplantation of Bone Marrow Transduced to Express Self-Antigen Establishes Deletional Tolerance and Permanently Remits Autoimmune Disease (2008)

Autoimmune diseases are incurable. We have hypothesized that these diseases can be cured by the transplantation of bone marrow (BM) stem cells that have been genetically engineered to express self-Ag. Here we have tested this hypothesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the self-Ag myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). We show that, in mice, transplantation of BM genetically modified to express MOG prevented the induction and progression of EAE, and combined with antecedent corticosteroid treatment, induced long-term remission of established disease. Mice remained resistant to EAE development upon subsequent rechallenge with MOG. Transfer of BM from these mice rendered recipients resistant to EAE. Splenocytes from these mice failed to proliferate or produce IL-17, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF in response to MOG(35-55) peptide stimulation and they failed to produce MOG autoantibody. Mechanistically, we demonstrated in vivo reduction in development of CD4(+) MOG(35-55)-specific thymocytes, indicative of clonal deletion with no evidence for selection of Ag-specific regulatory T cells. These findings validate our hypothesis that transplantation of genetically modified BM expressing disease-causative self-Ag provides a curative approach by clonal deletion of disease-causative self-reactive T cells.