gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotoxic Alkaloids: Saxitoxin and Its Analogs (2010)

Saxitoxin (STX) and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and are mostly associated with marine dinoflagellates (eukaryotes) and freshwater cyanobacteria (prokaryotes), which form extensive blooms around the world. PST producing dinoflagellates belong to the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium and Pyrodinium whilst production has been identified in several cyanobacterial genera including Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis, Aphanizomenon Planktothrix and Lyngbya. STX and its analogs can be structurally classified into several classes such as non-sulfated, mono-sulfated, di-sulfated, decarbamoylated and the recently discovered hydrophobic analogs--each with varying levels of toxicity. Biotransformation of the PSTs into other PST analogs has been identified within marine invertebrates, humans and bacteria. An improved understanding of PST transformation into less toxic analogs and degradation, both chemically or enzymatically, will be important for the development of methods for the detoxification of contaminated water supplies and of shellfish destined for consumption. Some PSTs also have demonstrated pharmaceutical potential as a long-term anesthetic in the treatment of anal fissures and for chronic tension-type headache. The recent elucidation of the saxitoxin biosynthetic gene cluster in cyanobacteria and the identification of new PST analogs will present opportunities to further explore the pharmaceutical potential of these intriguing alkaloids.
Enhancement Effect of Illumination on the Photoluminescence of Water-Soluble CdTe Nanocrystals:  Toward Highly Fluorescent CdTe/CdS Core−Shell Structure (2004)

A strong photoluminescence enhancement effect of illumination on CdTe nanocrystals stabilized by thioglycolic acid (TGA) was observed. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence quantum yield of CdTe nanocrystals in aqueous solution reached 85% at room temperature. Optical measurements indicated that the photodegradation of TGA rather than NCs was the main reason for the PL enhancement effect since sulfide ions released from TGA during illumination coordinated with cadmium ions on the surface of CdTe and formed a shell structure of CdS there. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic results further proved the formation of CdS shell on the CdTe core during illumination. The colloidal solution of CdTe/CdS core−shell nanocrystals with photoluminescence quantum yield higher than 80% turned out to be very stable. Therefore, the current investigations not only reveal the PL enhancement effect of illumination, but also provide a useful synthetic route for producing water-soluble and highly fluorescent CdTe/CdS core−shell nanocrystals.
Caching for improved retrieval in peer-to-peer networks (2005)

Abstract: In modern information systems the dominant retrieval paradigms have shifted from exact matching towards retrieving a list of the most relevant objects. This is because users usually are not satisfied by arbitrarily large and unordered answer sets, but rather interested in small sets of ”best ” answers. All popular ranking approaches need collection-wide information. This poses a challenge in the P2P context where each peer has only local knowledge. We discuss how to deal with collection-wide information in P2P networks and how to optimize query distribution based on query result analysis, and present evaluation results. 1.
Database method schemas and object creation (1993)

The expressiveness of various object-oriented languages is investigated with respect to their ability to create new objects. We focus on database method schemas (dms), a model capturing the data manipulation capabilities of a large class of deterministic methods in object-oriented databases. The results clarify the impact of various language constructs on object creation. Several new constructs based on expanded notions of deep equality are introduced. In particular, we provide a tractable construct which yields a language complete with respect to object creation. The new construct is also relevant to query complexity. For example, it allows expressing in polynomial time some queries, like counting, requiring exponential space in dms alone.
Factors Affecting Implementation of Data Warehouse (2001)

Over the past decade, we have witnessed a proliferation of data warehouse.This study empirically examined the effects of thirteen factors on the extent of data warehouse implementation.Several hypotheses were set up to identify the relationships among these variables.And the survey instrument(questionnaire) was developed to collect data.Ultimately 183 questionnaires from 61 Korean firms were collected.Cronbach's alpha test and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of research variables.Subsequently, in order to test the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis and simple regression analysis were used.Findings showed that seven factors(having the right resources, management support, planning for the project, prototyping, quality of the data sources, having the right development tools, business need) affect positive effect on the extent of data warehouse implementation.
Numerical and experimental characterization of pre-fractal anisotropic stacks (2012)

International audience
Crystallization of the C-terminal globular domain of avian reovirus fibre (2005)

Avian reovirus fibre, a homotrimer of the sigmaC protein, is responsible for primary host-cell attachment. Using the protease trypsin, a C-terminal sigmaC fragment containing amino acids 156-326 has been generated which was subsequently purified and crystallized. Two different crystal forms were obtained, one grown in the absence of divalent cations and belonging to space group P6(3)22 (unit-cell parameters a = 75.6, c = 243.1 A) and one grown in the presence of either zinc or cadmium sulfate and belonging to space group P321 (unit-cell parameters a = 74.7, c = 74.5 A and a = 73.1, c = 69.9 A for the Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-grown crystals, respectively). The first crystal form diffracted synchrotron radiation to 3.0 A resolution and the second form to 2.2-2.3 A. Its closest related structure, the C-terminal fragment of mammalian reovirus fibre, has only 18% sequence identity and molecular-replacement attempts were unsuccessful. Therefore, a search is under way for suitable heavy-atom derivatives and attempts are being made to grow protein crystals containing selenomethionine instead of methionine.
Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome with Intravenous Lidocaine: (1994)

Objective: To conduct a pilot study to determine whether intravenous infusion of lidocaine might further improve the clinical status of fibromyalgia patients already in conventional therapy. Method: Twenty-one patients with a clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome were treated conventionally for at least one year. Eleven patients from this group were randomly selected for additional treatment with four sessions of intravenous infusion of lidocaine at weekly intervals. Their clinical status before and after the course of lidocaine therapy was compaired with the clinical status of the remaining 10 patients in the original group who had also continued their conventional therapy but did not receive lidocaine. Outcome measures included visual analog scale [VAS] for pain and patient global improvement. Results: The lidocaine treated and untreated groups did not differ in age or initial VAS scale for pain. There was significantly greater improvement in VAS pain scale among the lidocaine-treated group but global improvement did not meet significance criteria. Conclusions: The data from this pilot study suggest that periodic intravenous infusion of lidocaine may provide additional benefit for fibromyalgia patients already receiving conventional medication. Therefore, a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study is warranted to assess the value of supplemental lidocaine therapy in fibromyalgia.
THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT (1990)

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theory of measurement. When applied in decision‐making, it assists one to describe the general decision operation by decomposing a complex problem into a multi‐level hierarchic structure of objectives, criteria, subcriteria and alternatives. The AHP provides a fundamental scale of absolute magnitudes to represent judgments in the form of paired comparisons. A ratio scale of relative magnitudes expressed in priority units is then derived from each set of comparisons. An overall ratio scale of priorities is synthesized to obtain ranking of the alternatives. What is illustrated here is an application of the AHP to a retributive ongoing conflict in which the parties maximize both their benefits from and costs to the opponent. Using the AHP, benefit and cost hierarchies are constructed for the parties, four for each, involving actual and perceived benefits and costs of concessions. Similarly, a mediator must construct his own hierarchies to evaluate and propose changes in judgments and new concessions to improve an impasse in negotiation.
Recent advances in electrooptic polymer modulators incorporating highly nonlinear chromophore (2001)

Based on a nonlinear optical polymer with a highly nonlinear chromophore (CLD) dispersed in an amorphous polycarbonate (APC), we have developed electrooptic (EO) polymer modulators operating at 1550-nm wavelength with low loss and good thermal stability. By incorporating polymer insulation layer, push-pull poling was successfully performed without film damages. We also demonstrated that the propagation loss of the EO polymer waveguide could be reduced as low as 1.2 dB/cm at 1550 nm when the large core waveguide structure was incorporated. The long-term reliabilities of the EO polymer modulator made of CLD/APC polymer were investigated. When the modulator was hermetically sealed in an inert gas, the V/sub /spl pi// change of a Mach-Zehnder modulator was negligible over 30 d of operation with 20-mW exposure to the waveguide input. In the thermal stability measurement, 25% V/sub /spl pi// increase was observed from the sample heated to 60/spl deg/C over 40 d, though the sample left at room temperature showed no decay of nonlinearity.
Enantioselectivity in Odor Perception (1989)

The first molecular event in odor perception is an interaction of an odorant with a receptor. Evidence exists that these receptors are proteins, i.e. chiral, so this first interaction should be enantioselective, meaning that these receptors react differently with the two enantiomeric forms of a chiral odorant leading to differences in odor strength and quality. In many cases, this fact has been observed. This paper describes the enantioselective syntheses of some known odorants of multiple chemical classes and discusses the differences of the organoleptic properties of their enantiomeric forms.
Sulfated polysaccharides inhibit lymphocyte-to-epithelial transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (1996)

We have previously suggested that sulfated polysaccharides could be used in a vaginal formulation to inhibit infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). This supposition was based on studies in which we developed and employed an in vitro model to simulate the mechanism of HIV-1 transmission during coitus. We found that adhesion of mononuclear cells to epithelia was the initial step in infection and speculated that blocking adhesion would prevent HIV-1 transmission. We observed that certain sulfated polysaccharides prevented adhesion of lymphoma cell lines to epithelial cell lines, which were derived from the genital tract, in concentrations of a few milligrams per milliliter; and we theorized that sulfated polysaccharides could thus be used as active ingredients in a topical "microbicide." In the present in vitro study, evidence is presented that a number of sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan, dextran sulfate, heparin, fucoidan, and pentosan polysulfate, are capable of blocking infection by mechanisms other than adhesion at concentrations of a thousand times lower than the dosages that are needed to block cell adhesion. One of these compounds, iota carrageenan, is capable not only of blocking infection of epithelia at concentrations of 1-2 micrograms, but of blocking adhesion to a far greater extent than the other sulfated polysaccharides tested. For this reason, as well as for considerations of safety, stability, and gelling properties, we suggest that iota carrageenan may be the best choice of the sulfated polysaccharides tested for use as a vaginal microbicide. The same in vitro model was employed to decipher the cell surface molecules involved in lymphocyte-to-epithelial adhesion. To accomplish this, we screened for the presence of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and carbohydrate-binding sites. HIV-1-infected lymphocytic cells expressed a CAM profile typical of activated, infected cells (e.g., HLA-DR+, CD4-, LFA-1+, ICAM-1+, LFA-3+, CD2+) whereas epithelia expressed few CAMs (LFA-3, ICAM-1, VLA-5, CD44, CD26, sLEX). Both cell types expressed heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. A variety of sugars (mannose, fucose, galactose, Nac-galactosamine, Nac-glucosamine) were also present, but these cells expressed few carbohydrate-binding sites; lymphocytes bound beta-galactose. We were unable to block the adhesion with anti-CAM antibodies or with exogenous sugars. When enzymes were used against sulfated cell surface molecules, chondroitinase was found to block the adhesion. Our evidence suggests that this CAM-independent adhesion may be a lectin-glycosaminoglycan interaction.
Experimental Investigation Of A Stirling Cycle Cooled Domestic Refrigerator (2002)

A free piston Stirling cooler which is a recent prototype of a private company was integrated into a domestic refrigerator cabinet.A closed loop thermosyphon system was constructed by connecting a heat exchanger which was placed on the cold head of the Stirling cooler directly to another heat exchanger placed in the cabinet as evaporator.On the other hand, since effective heat transfer is needed on the warm head to obtain efficient operating conditions, an extended surface aluminium heat exchanger was placed on the warm head of the cooler and a fan was used to obtain forced convection heat transfer.The prototype refrigerating unit was tested for different charge quantities of the refrigerant filled in the thermosyphon loop as well as for different input voltages of the cooler.The temperatures of the key points on the cold side thermosyphon, the temperatures of the shelves of the cabinet and the input power of the Stirling cooler were recorded.
Co-Electrospun Nanofiber Fabrics of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide-<i>co</i>-ε-caprolactone) with Type I Collagen or Heparin (2005)

Functionally designed elastomeric nanofiber fabrics made of the equimolar copolyester, poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL), with type I collagen or the tri-n-butylamine salt of heparin (heparin-TBA) were co-electrospun using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as a solvent. The co-electrospun fabrics (mixing ratio: 0, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 wt % of collagen to PLCL) consisted of nanoscale fibers with a mean diameter ranging from approximately 120 to 520 nm. An increase in collagen content in the solution resulted in a decrease in the mean diameter of fibers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that collagen in a co-electrospun fiber was phase-separated to form a dispersed phase, which was localized in the interior and peripheral region in the continuous matrix phase of fibers. The tensile strength was decreased with increasing collagen content. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were highly elongated and well spread on the fibrous surfaces of fabrics made of PLCL with 5 wt % or 10 wt % collagen. Heparin-TBA (mixing ratio: 1, 5, and 10 wt % to PLCL), soluble in HFIP, was co-electrospun with PLCL to form a fabric. TEM observation showed that heparin-TBA formed as a dispersed phase in a PLCL nanofiber. The releasing rate, released amount, and surface content of heparin-TBA were increased with increasing heparin-TBA content in co-electrospun fabrics. The potential biomedical application of co-electrospun PLCL with type I collagen or heparin-TBA was discussed.
Rotationally Assisted Spin-State Inversion in Carbene–Metal–Amides Is an Artifact (2017)

High-level quantum chemical calculations, presented in this Letter, show that the unusual luminescence properties of the high-performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter CMA1, observed recently by Di et al. [ Science 2017, 356, 159-163 ], can be explained without resorting to the rotationally assisted spin-state inversion mechanism proposed by these authors. Multiconfiguration and relativistic effects lead to fast and efficient thermal equilibration of the excited singlet and triplet populations of this linear gold complex even for coplanar orientations of the ligands. The calculations predict S<sub>1</sub> ⇝ T<sub>1</sub> intersystem crossing outcompetes the submicrosecond fluorescence by 2 orders of magnitude, thus quenching prompt fluorescence. The significant time- and environment-dependent shifts of the CMA1 luminescence, observed in experiment, are attributed to effects of (hindered) solvent reorganization.
A NOTE ON THE ENDING OF <i>ELIDUC</i> (1989)

Journal Article A NOTE ON THE ENDING OF ELIDUC Get access LESLIE C. BROOK LESLIE C. BROOK Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies Bulletin, Volume 9, Issue 32, AUTUMN 1989, Pages 14–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/frebul/9.32.14 Published: 01 October 1989
Principles of Random Signal Analysis and Low Noise Design: The Power Spectral Density and its Applications (2002)

Preface. About the Author. Introduction. Background: Signal and System Theory. The Power Spectral Density. Power Spectral Density Analysis. Power Spectral Density of Standard Random Processes--Part 1. Power Spectral Density of Standard Random Processes--Part 2. Memoryless Transformations of Random Processes. Linear System Theory. Principles of Low Noise Electronic Design. Notation. References. Index.
The Heat Shock Response Inhibits RANTES Gene Expression in Cultured Human Lung Epithelium (1998)

The chemokine RANTES is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated acute lung injury. Although much is known regarding signals that induce RANTES gene expression, relatively few data exist regarding signals that inhibit RANTES gene expression. The heat shock response, a highly conserved cellular defense mechanism, has been demonstrated to inhibit a variety of lung proinflammatory responses. We tested the hypothesis that induction of the heat shock response inhibits RANTES gene expression. Treatment of A549 cells with TNF-alpha induced RANTES gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Induction of the heat shock response inhibited subsequent TNF-alpha-mediated RANTES mRNA expression and secretion of immunoreactive RANTES. Transient transfection assays involving a RANTES promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid demonstrated that the heat shock response inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated activation of the RANTES promoter. Inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation with isohelenin inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated RANTES mRNA expression, indicating that RANTES gene expression is NF-kappaB dependent in A549 cells. Induction of the heat shock response inhibited degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein, I-kappaBalpha but did not significantly inhibit phosphorylation of I-kappaBalpha. We conclude that the heat shock response inhibits RANTES gene expression by a mechanism involving inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and subsequent inhibition of RANTES promoter activation. The mechanism by which the heat shock response inhibits NF-kappaB nuclear translocation involves stabilization of I-kappaBalpha, without significantly affecting phosphorylation of I-kappaBalpha.
Magnesium Deficiency Exacerbates and Pretreatment Improves Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Behavioral Studies (1988)

The biochemical mechanisms mediating delayed or secondary tissue injury after central nervous system trauma remain speculative. We have demonstrated previously that traumatic brain injury in rats causes a rapid decline in tissue intracellular free magnesium [Mg]f and total magnesium [Mg]t concentrations, which were significantly correlated with injury severity. In order to examine the relationship between magnesium and traumatic brain injury, we assessed whether (1) magnesium deficiency exacerbates or (2) magnesium treatment improves posttraumatic outcome following fluid-percussion brain injury (2.0-2.4 atm) in rats. Animals placed on magnesium-deficient diet for 14 days showed a 15% decrease in brain [Mg]f as measured by phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Magnesium deficiency significantly exacerbated neurologic dysfunction and increased mortality following injury when compared to normally fed saline-treated controls. Conversely, pretreatment with magnesium sulfate (0.1 mEq) 15 min before brain injury prevented the fall in [Mg]f observed by 31P MRS in saline-treated animals and significantly improved both cellular bioenergetic state and chronic posttraumatic neurologic outcome. These combined observations suggest that alterations in brain [Mg]f after trauma may play a role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury.
Distributed computation on graphs (1982)

We use the paradigm of diffusing computation, introduced by Dijkstra and Scholten, to solve a class of graph problems. We present a detailed solution to the problem of computing shortest paths from a single vertex to all other vertices, in the presence of negative cycles.
Effect of drying technique and disintegrant on physical properties and drug release behavior of microcrystalline cellulose-based pellets prepared by extrusion/spheronization (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of drying technique and disintegrant on physical properties and drug release behavior of microcrystalline cellulose-based pellets prepared by extrusion/spheronization. Formulations of paracetamol (6.7%, w/w), microcrystalline cellulose (66.7%, w/w) and different disintegrants, alginic acid, calcium carbonate, d-mannitol, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, in concentrations of 10% or 20% (w/w) were made and processed to pellets by extrusion/spheronization. Different drying techniques, i.e. hot-air drying, microwave drying and freeze-drying, were applied to each formulation. Physical properties, such as particle size distribution, moisture content, apparent density, pellet morphology, were evaluated. The mechanical properties and drug release behavior of the pellets were also examined. Only small difference in crushing strength between hot-air dried and microwave-dried pellets were found. Freeze-drying process resulted in pellets with larger diameter, weaker and more porous than pellets dried with the other processes. The porous structure promoted a faster drug release while the drug release from hot-air dried pellets and microwave-dried pellets was insignificantly different. Different disintegrants were incorporated in the pellets but none of the pellets disintegrated within 90 min. However, the drug release from pellets containing disintegrant was faster than that of pellets with no disintegrant. The results suggested that the type and amount of disintegrant is less influenced than the drying technique.