gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression, Characterization, and Biologic Activity of Recombinant Human Lactoferrin in Rice (2003)

The results indicate recombinant human lactoferrin has stability similar to native human lactoferrin when exposed to thermal treatment, pH treatment, and in vitro digestion, suggesting it may be active when added to infant formula.
Vapor Pressure and Swelling Pressure of Hydrogels (1976)

The swelling pressure of two types of hydrogels, which were classified according to application and hydration, were investigated. 1. Poly(glyceryl methacrylate) (PGMA) hydrogels which are intended for surgical uses in the eye, are divided into two subgroups, a) hydrogels of about 80 to 85% H2O at equilibrium swelling, for scleral buckling procedures in retinal detachment surgery, and b) hydrogels of above 98% H2O at equilibrium swelling, for vitreous implantation. The swelling pressure-volume relationship of these hydrogels was determined with dextran solutions. 2. Hydrogel contact lens materials (40-75% H2O at equilibrium). The swelling pressure of PHEMA hydrogels was determined by equilibration under osmotic and mechanical pressure. Although slight pressure will remove water from highly hydrated hydrogels, it is very difficult to expel water from medium hydration (40-80% H2O) hydrogels. The equilibrium relative humidity at different states of hydration of PHEMA, P(HEMA/VP), P(MMA/VP), and P(GMA/MMA) was investigated. The results show that up to 30% H2O, the water activity in the hydrogels is below the activity for pure water. However, all water above 30% hydration up to equilibrium swelling has the same vapor pressure as pure water.
A Highly Configurationally Stable [4]Heterohelicenium Cation (2003)

A [4](hetero)helicenium cation was resolved using the hexacoordinated phosphorus-containing binphat anion (see picture: N, blue; O, red; C, gray). Its absolute configuration was determined by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. The barrier of interconversion of its enantiomers is higher than that of [6]helicene. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z51443_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
SH3-like Fold Proteins are Structurally Conserved and Functionally Divergent (2005)

The folding space for all the protein sequences is limited. Therefore it was observed that many proteins, whose sequences are not related, have similar fold characteristics. The fold databases like SCOP and CATH have classified various protein folds. However, in-depth analysis of the functional features of these folds was not done. We analyzed about twenty unique SH3-like folded proteins in their structural environment and functional characteristics. From our analysis it is apparent that the SH3-like folds could carry out various functions by modulation of loops and the functional region is restricted to one side of a particular sheet helped by two or three loops. The functions vary from oligonucleotide-binding to peptide-binding and other ligand binding. Although certain degree of sequence similarity was observed among the SH3-fold proteins, the similarity was restricted to the beta-strand regions of the proteins.
Research on Slip Resistance Measurements<br>—A New Challenge (2008)

Slips, trips and falls are one of the most common causes of injuries and fatalities in the general community and industry. The control of such incidents involves a complex array of factors including the characteristics of each individual's footwear and gait dynamics, walking and working surfaces, and environmental conditions. Notwithstanding this complexity, slip resistance properties have been widely measured as a form of coefficient of friction (COF) index at the sliding interface between the shoes and floors. Since the COF measurements were commonly adopted to evaluate slip potentials, it has been found that there were controversies in the interpretation of COF measurement results. This study, therefore, was principally focused on broadening the knowledge base and developing new ideas on which improvements in the validity and reliability of slip resistance measurements might be made. To achieve this goal, crucial problems on the current concept of slip resistance measurement were extensively analysed by a tribological point of view where principle understanding of the shoe-floor friction and wear phenomena could be made. Based on this approach, new theoretical models were suggested.
Digital loss-minimizing multimode synchronous buck converter control (2004)

A multimode control strategy for a synchronous buck converter operating over a wide load range, is presented. For heavy loads, the converter runs in fixed-frequency continuous conduction mode (CCM). At light loads, it enters discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with synchronous rectification. At still lighter loads, synchronous rectification is disabled in DCM. At very light loads, the converter operates in variable-frequency pulse skipping mode. The synchronous rectifier (SR) timing is scheduled as a function of the load current, enabling appropriate transition among the modes. An on-line adaptive algorithm to optimize the SR timing, based on power loss minimization, is presented. This control strategy is particularly well suited for a digital controller implementation, since it uses sophisticated computations, while not requiring high analog-to-digital conversion rates.
Complete Q-Matrices in General Attribute Structure Models (2019)

In cognitive diagnostic assessment a property of the Q-matrix, usually referred to as completeness, warrants that the cognitive attributes underlying the observed behavior can be assessed uniquely. Characterizations of completeness were first derived under the assumption of independent attributes, and are currently under investigation for interdependent attributes. The dominant approach considers so-called attribute hierarchies, which are conceptualized through a partial order on the set of attributes. The present paper corrects and extends previously published results on this issue obtained for conjunctive attribute hierarchy models. Drawing upon results from knowledge structure theory it provides novel sufficient and necessary conditions for completeness of the $Q$-matrix, not only for conjunctive models on attribute hierarchies, but also on more general attribute structures.
Vision-Based Trajectory Planning via Imitation Learning for Autonomous Vehicles (2019)

Reliable trajectory planning like human drivers in real-world dynamic urban environments is a critical capability for autonomous driving. To this end, we develop a vision and imitation learning-based planner to generate collision-free trajectories several seconds into the future. Our network consists of three sub-networks to conduct three basic driving tasks: keep straight, turn left and turn right. During the planning process, high-level commands are received as prior information to select a specific sub-network. We create our dataset from the Robotcar dataset, and the experimental results suggest that our planner is able to reliably generate trajectories in various driving tasks, such as turning at different intersections, lane-keeping on curved roads and changing lanes for collision avoidance.
Unity Plus motor winding method advantages and disadvantages (2002)

The Unity Plus method of winding a motor is presented. The differences between the Wanlass motor winding method and the Unity Plus method are discussed. The difference between power factor correction and efficiency is discussed. The characteristics that influence the efficiency of a motor are listed. The limitations and restrictions that are inherent in a motor, once it is built, and the items that are available to be manipulated to improve the efficiency are included. The different testing methods and tests that have been performed on the Unity Plus rewound motors are covered. A compilation of observations and comments by manufacturers, engineers, and users on the Unity Plus motor winding method is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic Voting Service Using Block-Chain (2016)

Cryptocurrency, and its underlying technologies, has been gaining popularity for transaction management beyond financial transactions. Transaction information is maintained in the block-chain, which can be used to audit the integrity of the transaction. The focus on this paper is the potential availability of block-chain technology of other transactional uses. Block-chain is one of the most stable open ledgers that preserves transaction information, and is difficult to forge. Since the information stored in block-chain is not related to personally identify information, it has the characteristics of anonymity. Also, the block-chain allows for transparent transaction verification since all information in the block-chain is open to the public. These characteristics are the same as the requirements for a voting system. That is, strong robustness, anonymity, and transparency. In this paper, we propose an electronic voting system as an application of block-chain, and describe block-chain based voting at a national level through examples.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTIMS OF THE SEPTEMBER 2015 HEAVY RAINFALL DISASTER IN THE KANTO AND TOHOKU DISTRICTS (2016)

We developed a victim data base (“2004-2014”) for heavy rainfall disaster events in Japan from 2004 to 2014, and classified the 712 victims. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of victims of the September 2015 heavy rainfall disaster in the Kanto and Tohoku districts (“Kanto Tohoku 2015”) and compare them with those for “2004-2014.” Characteristics of victims of “Kanto Tohoku 2015” were as follows: 1) 88% of the deaths were by flooding, 2) 88% of the deaths were outdoor, 3) 25% of victims were elderly, 65 years or older. “2)” is similar to the ratio of deaths by flooding in “2004-2014.” The ratio of “3)” is lower than that for “2004-2014.” The number of “Kanto Tohoku 2015” victims was 8: an unusually large number for recent heavy rainfall disasters in Japan. On the other hand, a dike break on the Kinu River in Joso City, Ibaraki prefecture, washed at least nine houses away. There were more than ten inhabitants in the houses, but all were saved. Worse weather probably leads to more deaths.
Evaluation of three Campylobacter pylori antigen preparations for screening sera from patients undergoing endoscopy. (1989)

A surface antigen (SA), acid glycine extract (AGE), and urease preparation (UP) were evaluated using sera from patients undergoing endoscopy and from subjects with gastric or duodenal ulcers. Sera were tested for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies by a conventional indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In patients with confirmed Campylobacter pylori associated gastritis, raised IgG antibody titres were indicated by absorbance values of greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 500, and greater than or equal to 1500 for the SA, AGE, and UP, respectively. Corresponding values for the IgA assay were greater than or equal to 500, greater than or equal to 500, and greater than or equal to 1000. The specificity of the IgG assays were 94%, 92%, and 90% for the AGE, SA, and UP, respectively. In contrast, the UP was the most sensitive (97%); the other two antigen preparations gave values of 82%. In the IgA assay the UP showed the greatest specificity (90%) and sensitivity (90%). The predictive value for a true positive for the IgG assay was the same for all antigens (93%), whereas the UP gave a predictive value for a true negative of 96% compared with 79% for the other two antigen preparations. Of the patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers, raised antibody titres to SA were found in 72% (IgG) and 73% (IgA), to AGE in 75% (IgG) and 63% (IgA), and to UP in 77% (IgG) and 75% (IgA). The use of a urease antigen preparation to determine IgG antibody is recommended for screening patients undergoing endoscopy.
Opportunistic Spectral Usage: Bounds and a Multi-Band CSMA/CA Protocol (2007)

In this paper, we study the gains from opportunistic spectrum usage when neither sender or receiver are aware of the current channel conditions in different frequency bands. Hence to select the best band for sending data, nodes first need to measure the channel in different bands which takes time away from sending actual data. We analyze the gains from opportunistic band selection by deriving an optimal skipping rule, which balances the throughput gain from finding a good quality band with the overhead of measuring multiple bands. We show that opportunistic band skipping is most beneficial in low signal to noise scenarios, which are typically the cases when the node throughput in single-band (no opportunism) system is the minimum. To study the impact of opportunism on network throughput, we devise a CSMA/CA protocol, multi-band opportunistic auto rate (MOAR), which implements the proposed skipping rule on a per node pair basis. The proposed protocol exploits both time and frequency diversity, and is shown to result in typical throughput gains of 20% or more over a protocol which only exploits time diversity, opportunistic auto rate (OAR).
A Closed loop high gain dc-dc converter for electric drive applications (2018)

This paper introduces a closed loop high gain dc-dc converter which is applicable for electric drive system in industries. The converter is being controlled using dual duty cycle ratios and the basic features of this converter is that it has good power density, high efficiency and low cost. The converter uses two inductors which is being connected as series and parallel mode at the time of discharging and charging mode respectively. Since the converter offers high gain the low voltages supplied from a battery source is enough to drive an industrial load. The closed loop control enables the converter to hold the output voltage constant for a certain amount of input voltage variations. The entire simulated system consist of a three phase induction motor drive fed with an inverter where the converter feeds the drive via three phase voltage source inverter. The speed of the motor drive can be controlled by scalar control which is very essential in industries. Since the converter is non isolated, the chances of transformer core saturation is also being eliminated.
Fluorsubstituierte 1,2‐Thiazetan‐3‐on‐1‐oxide durch Reaktion von Bis(trifluormethyl)keten mit <i>N</i>‐Sulfinylaminen (1986)

Abstract Die 4,4‐Bis(trifluormethyl)‐1,2‐thiazetan‐3‐on‐1‐oxide 3a–e werden durch Reaktion von Bis(trifluormethyl)keten ( 1 ) mit einigen N ‐Sulfinylaminen 2a–e dargestellt. Unter Hydrolysebedingungen bilden sich die Amide der 3,3,3‐Trifluor‐2‐(trifluormethyl)propionsäure 4a–e , die auch aus 1 und den entsprechenden Aminen, insbesondere C 6 F 5 NH 2 und CF 3 NH 2 , erhalten werden. 3e erfährt eine unerwartete Thermolyse bei Raumtemperatur unter teilweiser Bildung von Trifluormethylisocyanat ( 5 ) und Bis(trifluormethyl)methylensulfoxid ( 6 ).
Inhalt (2016)

Paradoxerweise gibt es seit dem Scheitern der sozialistischen Systeme eine Marxrenaissance, in der man sich fragt, ob Marx nicht doch recht hatte. Doch was hat Marx eigentlich behauptet? Das ist nicht leicht zu sagen, weil Marx große Originalität mit mangelnder intellektueller Disziplin verbindet und er zugleich als Philosoph, als Ökonom und als politischer Agitator spricht. Die Autoren skizzieren Marx’ zentrale Thesen zur Ökonomie und Politik und diskutieren deren Berechtigung nicht nur aus einer philosophischen, sondern auch aus einer wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Der erste Teil des Buches geht auf Marx’ Begriff der kapitalistischen Ökonomie ein. Hier stehen der Wertbegriff, die Arbeitswertlehre sowie das sogenannte Transformationsproblem und das Gesetz vom tendenziellen Fall der Profitrate im Mittelpunkt. Außerdem kommen die »materialistische Geschichtsauffassung« und Marx’ Verständnis von Politik, Staat und Gerechtigkeit zur Sprache. Der zweite Teil des Buches zeigt, welche Motive Marx von Philosophen aufnimmt, die sich mit der Ökonomie befasst haben, wobei Aristoteles und Hegel im Zentrum stehen. In Teil 3 diskutieren sie die marxsche Konzeption einerseits vor dem Hintergrund der Finanzkrise von 2008 und vor gegenwärtigen Tendenzen der Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung, wie sie Thomas Piketty untersucht hat. andererseits stellen sie Marx die Auffassungen von der Wirtschaft Fernand Braudels und Georg Friedrich Hegels gegenüber. Aus dieser Diskussion ergeben sich Gründe, die Macht der Politik höher zu gewichten, als Marx dies tat. Ein Fazit des Werkes von Karl Marx in Teil 4 beschließt das Buch.
Ideal phase-locked-loop (PLL) operation of a 10GHz erbium-dopedfibre laser using regenerative modelockingas an optical voltage controlled oscillator (1997)

Ideal phase-locked-loop (PLL) operation of a 10 GHz erbium-doped fibre laser has been achieved for the first time by using a voltage controlled regenerative modelocking technique. The repetition rate of the regeneratively modelocked fibre laser in a free running condition can be continuously varied by changing the voltage supplied to the PZT to change the fibre cavity length. PLL operation is achieved by feeding back a phase sensitive error signal to the PZT. This signal is obtained by mixing a laser clock signal with a synthesiser signal. The external signal tracking range is 40 kHz.
Possible Steps Involved in the Transition to Stationary Adhesion of Rolling Neutrophils: A Brief Review (2000)

The transition from rolling to firm adhesion is a phenomenon frequently observed when neutrophils are interacting with activated endothelium in vitro or in vivo under physiologically relevant shear stress. The mechanisms leading to this activation are poorly understood, though selectin-dependent tethering and CD18-integrin-dependent adhesion are known to be involved. This transition may involve a sequence of interactions that trigger sufficient integrin activation to allow cell arrest under flow. Recent evidence is reviewed in support of the concept that integrin (Mac-1 and LFA-1) activation results from signaling that occurs through selectin binding, chemotactic factor stimulation, and, possibly, LFA-1 binding.
The Trident and its Passing (1983)

This book is about Britain’s naval future. If it begins by glancing at the past, that is because the central question — what could the Navy do? — derives much of its peculiar resonance from the echoes of past years.
Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing on Al Doped n-ZnO Films Grown by RF-Magnetron Sputtering (2005)

High-quality Al-doped n -type ZnO ( n -ZnO:Al) epilayers have been grown by an rf-magnetron sputtering technique combined with a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. The electrical and optical properties of as-deposited samples are considerably improved upon annealing at 900°C for 3 min in nitrogen ambient. The improvement is attributed to the deoxidation of Al-oxides, i.e., the activation of Al dopants. The samples annealed at 900°C produce a mobility of 65.5 cm 2 /V·s and a carrier concentration of 1.03×10 20 cm -3 . It is also shown that the sample surface becomes significantly smoother after annealing. The results show that the RTA process effectively improves the electrical and optical properties of the Al-doped ZnO films.
Effect of dose and input rate on the brain penetration of BMS‐204352 following intravenous administration to rats (2002)

BMS-204352 is a novel maxi-K channel opener that is being developed for the treatment for stroke. The current study was designed to evaluate the plasma and brain pharmacokinetics of BMS-204352 in rats, in particular, assessing the effect of dose and input rate on brain penetration of BMS-204352. Rats (3 animals/group/time point) received a single intravenous dose of BMS-204352 as 5 mg/kg bolus, 5 mg/kg 30 min infusion, 5 mg/kg 60 min infusion, and 10 mg/kg bolus dose, into the jugular vein. Terminal blood (for plasma) and brain samples were collected for up to 9 h post-dose and samples were analyzed for the concentrations of intact BMS-204352 using a validated liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method (LC/MS/MS). As dose increased from 5 to 10 mg/kg, both BMS-204352 C(max) and AUC values increased in plasma and brain, somewhat greater in proportion to the increment in dose. Whereas the peak concentrations of BMS-204352 were affected by infusion time, overall AUCs were comparable across the bolus and infusion groups. Terminal disposition (T-half ranged from 1.6 to 2.7 h) of BMS-204352 was unaltered as a function of input rate. BMS-204352 crossed the blood-brain barrier with brain-to-plasma (B/P) ratios of approximately 7-11. Brain-to-plasma ratios appeared to be independent of dose and infusions produced somewhat higher brain penetration (B/P of ca. 11) as compared to bolus (B/P of ca. 7-8) dose. The decline of BMS-204352 in the brain paralleled that of plasma independent of the input rate and dose.
Studies on Constituents of Medicinal Plants. XIII. Constituents of the Pericarps of the Capsules of Euscaphis japonica PAX. (I) (1974)

From the pericarps of the capsules of Euscaphis japonica PAX., oleanolic, pomolic, tormentic acids and a new triterpene acid, named euscaphic acid were isolated and the structure of euscaphic acid was elucidated to be 2α, 3α, 19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid by chemical and spectral evidences.
The Variation of Physical Properties of Plasma‐Deposited Silicon Nitride and Oxynitride with Their Compositions (1984)

Silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride films with refractive indices varying from 1.60 to 1.95 were deposited on silicon substrates using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processing. Variation of the film's physical properties with composition is examined. Refractive indices, infrared, Auger analysis, and plasma etching of plasma‐deposited films are studied before and after an annealing cycle. A direct correlation between etch rates and etch profiles of the deposited films with their composition was observed. Plasma etching, using a gas mixture, showed that the etch rate of oxynitride film increases with hydrogen concentration and decreases as the oxygen content increases. The length of the undercut, i.e., etch profile, depends on the amount of oxygen and hydrogen content in the films. Infrared data suggests that silicon oxynitride film with a refractive index of 1.75 is more stable under thermal annealing cycles, as compared to other silicon oxynitride films. Ellipsometric measurements showed that film thickness and refractive index uniformity are comparable with those of CVD processing. However, Auger depth profile analysis revealed poor compositional uniformity in all deposited films, especially at the silicon or silicon dioxide substrate interfaces.