gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Velocity Profiles in a Highly Mobile Sand Bed Channel (2002)

A series of Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) measurements were made in a highly mobile sand bed channel with riprap side slopes and suspended sediment. The velocity measurements, in conjunction with sediment load data, are useful in determining the sediment load carrying capacity of the channel under different hydraulic conditions. The ADV data shows that for plane bed conditions a nearly logarithmic velocity profile exists. For ripple and dune bed conditions the velocity profile is kinked, consisting of a flatter sloped inner boundary layer and a steeper sloped outer boundary layer. Both the inner and outer boundary layers have a logarithmic velocity distribution. Above the outer boundary layer there is a nearly constant velocity zone that occasionally has a velocity dip near the free surface. The various types of velocity profiles are documented, and bed conditions are described with the Coles wake trength parameter.
VUF-K-8788, a Periphery-Selective Histamine Hi Antagonist With Anti-pruritic Activities (2001)

The pharmacological properties of 7-[3-[4-(2-quinolinylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-propoxy]-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one (VUF-K-8788) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. VUF-K-8788 inhibited [3H]-mepyramine from binding to the cell membrane of lung parenchyma (Ki value: 5.0 nM) and the histamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (pA2: 9.71) without affecting ileal contractions induced by acetylcholine, serotonin, KCl and BaCl2. The increase of vascular permeabilities induced by histamine and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs were inhibited by VUF-K-8788 in a dose-dependent fashion (ED50: 0.24 and 0.26 mg/kg, p.o., respectively). Moreover, the anti-histaminic effect of VUF-K-8788 was also observed in rats. In experiments on the effects on the central nervous system, VUF-K-8788 at 1 mg/kg, p.o. hardly antagonized the H1 receptor at all in the cerebral cortex of guinea pigs. VUF-K-8788 inhibited the PCA-induced scratching behavior completely without affecting thiopental-induced sleep in mice. These results suggested that VUF-K-8788 would be useful in the treatment of allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and eczema.
Compensated count rate circuit for portable Geiger-Mueller survey meter (1980)

A count rate circuit is described that better compensates for counting losses due to detector dead time than previously used techniques in Geiger–Mueller survey meters. Bench tests show the new design response to be within 1% of the ideal response even up to counting losses of 50%.
Mechanical Vibration Influences the Perception of Electrovibration (2018)

Recently, various methods using, simultaneously, two types of tactile feedback have been proposed to emulate a real object. However, the possible masking effect when providing two types of tactile feedback has been scarcely reported. In this study, we investigated the masking effect caused by mechanical vibration on the perception of electrovibration. The absolute and difference thresholds of the electrovibration were measured according to the presence/absence, frequency, and intensity of the mechanical vibration. The absolute threshold of electrovibration tended to increase in the form of a ramp function, as the intensity of the masking stimulus (mechanical vibration) increased. Particularly, the masking effect was more remarkable when the frequency of both the target and the masking stimulus was the same (up to 13 dB increase with 25 dB SL masker). Furthermore, the difference in the threshold (average of 1.21 dB) did not significantly change due to the masking stimulus, when the sensation level intensity of the target stimulus was within the section following the Weber's law. The results further indicated that electrovibration contributes to the activation of slowly adapting afferents as well. This investigation will provide important guidelines for the design of haptic interface that employs multiple types of tactile feedback.
The dual effects of the astrocyte‐specific enhancer of the <scp>AQP</scp>4 M1 promoter (2017)

Aquaporin-4, a predominant water channel in the central nervous system, has two isoforms, M1 and M23, whose transcripts are driven by distinct promoters. Using a reporter assay, we found that a fragment located between exons 0 and 1 of the mouse aquaporin-4 gene, which had been thought to be the promoter for M23, lacked enhancers functioning in astrocytes. When the astrocyte-specific enhancer (ASE) of the M1 promoter is connected to the putative M23 core promoter, it also works in astrocytes. Importantly, the ASE inhibits downstream promoter activity in NIH3T3 cells, indicating that the ASE also functions as a silencer in cells lacking aquaporin-4.
Structural evolution during protein denaturation as induced by different methods (2008)

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) have been used to study conformational changes in protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) due to perturbation in its native structure as induced by varying temperature and pressure, and in presence of protein denaturating agents urea and surfactant. BSA has prolate ellipsoidal shape at ambient temperature and we observe no effect of temperature on its structure up to a temperature of about 60 degrees C . At temperatures beyond 60 degrees C , protein denaturation leads to aggregation. The protein solution exhibits a fractal structure at temperatures above 64 degrees C , and its fractal dimension increases with temperature. This is an indication of aggregation followed by gelation that evolves with increasing temperature. It is known for some of the proteins (e.g., Staphylococcal Nuclease) that pressure of 200 MPa can unfold the protein, whereas BSA does not show any protein unfolding even up to the pressure of 450 MPa . In presence of urea, the BSA protein unfolds for urea concentrations greater than 4M and acquires a random coil configuration. We make use of the dilution method to show the reversibility of protein unfolding with urea. The addition of surfactant denaturates the protein by the formation of micellelike aggregates of surfactants along the unfolded polypeptide chains of the protein. We show such structure of the protein-surfactant complex can be stabilized at higher temperatures, which is not the case for pure protein.
Open loop synchronous rectifier driver for LLC resonant converter (2013)

Synchronous rectifier (SR) is widely used in LLC resonant converter to reduce the conduction loss. Due to different operation modes, the SR control is complicated and increases system cost. In this paper, based on the observation on LLC diode conduction time, an open-loop fixed-on-time SR driving method is proposed. The optimal on-time is used to control the SR to simplify the implementation in different operation mode and reduce the system cost while maintains large efficiency improvement. The total efficiency of LLC resonant converter with SR driven by the proposed scheme is proved to increase by 2% under different load conditions with minimum system cost.
<title>1,3-dioxolyl acetals as powerful crosslinkers of phenolic resin</title> (1993)

The principle of chemical amplification has proven to be successful for the design of highly sensitive, high resolution resist materials of both positive and negative tone, respectively. This paper discusses our new approach to a high resolution, aqueous base developable deep-UV negative tone resist. It is based on the acid catalyzed cleavage of acetal blocked aromatic aldehydes, which, if treated with strong Broensted acid, react with the surrounding phenolic resin in a Friedel-Crafts type reaction, thereby leading to matrix crosslinking. Resists based on this type of crosslinking chemistry show good deep-UV transparency, have high sensitivity, and can be developed with an aqueous base.
Representing UML snowflake diagram from integrating XML data using XML schema (2005)

We present a UML conceptual-level integration framework for supporting OLAP operations on diverse XML data sources. Our integration framework takes advantage of the constructs and relationships existing within XML schemas. Two processes are involved in our integration framework. The first one is to convert XML schemas into UML class diagrams. The second is to build a multidimensional model from the UML class diagrams. This paper focuses on the issues in the second process. We describe how to represent a multidimensional model using a UML snowflake diagram and how to represent the UML snow/lake diagram using XML schemas. Our advanced XML schema-based representation of a multidimensional model is used as metadata in our prototype system for processing OLAP queries. It elegantly holds the information within a UML snowflake diagram such as the retrieval path through which we can obtain the participating XML data sources for OLAP operations. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first people to apply the advantages of XML Schemas during integrating XML data sources for virtual OLAP and to propose an XML schema-based method for representing a UML snowflake diagram that integrates heterogeneous XML data sources.
Effect of track asymmetry and curvature on shingle writing scheme (2011)

Written transition curvature in perpendicular magnetic recording is generally understood to result in increased transition jitter noise and degraded signal to noise ratio or byte error rate (BER) performance. For the shingle writing scheme, asymmetry or curvature in written tracks is considered inherent due to the erasure and track edge writing characteristics. It is proposed that such a track asymmetry is more prominent at high track density/smaller track pitch recording conditions. In this report we present spin stand experimental results to study the effect of the possible track asymmetry or curvature by shingle writing and reading back in different skews. By comparing shingle writing BER bathtub profiles in different writing skew conditions 0°, +/−2°, +/−4°, +/−6°, the effect of varying shingle track asymmetry and curvature is analyzed via subsequent skewed reading process. The shingle writing BER bathtub profiles as well as the read back amplitude cross track profile are generally symmetric upon one sided erasure at different track pitches. We found that the 0° skew writing and reading process provides both the maximum BER and amplitude.
Opgavedidaktik og stilladsering (2014)

Opgaver er et centralt læremiddel i undervisningen, da opgaver definererelevernes møde [...]
An environment for the reverse engineering of executable programs (2002)

Reverse engineering of software systems has traditionally centered upon the generation of high level abstractions or specifications from high level code or databases. We report on a reverse engineering environment for low level executable code: a reverse compilation or decompilation environment that aids in the understanding of the underlying executable program. The reverse compilation process recovers high level code from executable programs at a higher representation level than that produced by disassemblers; in fact, disassembly is part of the first stage in this process. Several tools aid in the process of reverse compilation, these are: loaders, signature generators, library prototype generators, disassemblers, library bindings, and language to language translators. The integration of these tools in the whole process is presented in this paper. The results obtained by the prototype reverse compilation system dcc are encouraging: high level code is regenerated with correct use of expressions and control structures, and the complete elimination of registers and condition codes. An elimination rate of low level instructions of over 75% was reached, representing the overall improvement this decompiler system has made over previous decompilers and disassemblers (where the rate tends to be nil). A sample decompilation program is given.
β-catenin regulates<i>c-Myc</i>and<i>CDKN1A</i>expression in breast cancer cells (2015)

We previously reported that the Wnt pathway is preferentially activated in basal-like breast cancer. However, the mechanisms by which the Wnt pathway regulates down-stream targets in basal-like breast cancer, and the biological significance of this regulation, are poorly understood. In this study, we found that c-Myc is highly expressed in the basal-like subtype by microarray analyses and immunohistochemical staining. After silencing β-catenin using siRNA, c-Myc expression was decreased in non-basal-like breast cancer cells. In contrast, c-Myc mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated in the basal-like breast cancer cell lines. Decreased c-Myc promoter activity was observed after inhibiting β-catenin by siRNA in non-basal-like breast cancer cells; however, inhibition of β-catenin or over-expression of dominant-negative LEF1 had no effect on c-Myc promoter activity in basal-like breast cancer cell lines. In addition, CDKN1A mRNA and p21 protein expression were significantly increased in all breast cancer cell lines upon β-catenin silencing. Interestingly, inhibiting β-catenin expression alone did not induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines despite c-Myc regulation, but we observed a modest increase of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and decrease of cells in S phase upon β-catenin silencing. Our findings suggest that the regulation of c-Myc in breast cancer cells is dependent on the molecular subtype, and that β-catenin-mediated regulation of c-Myc and p21 may control the balance of cell death and proliferation in breast cancer.
Enhanced apoptosis of T cells in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID): role of defective CD28 co-stimulation (2000)

CVID is a primary immune disorder in which hypogammaglobulinaemia may be associated with a number of T cell defects including lymphopenia, anergy, impaired lymphocyte proliferation and deficient cytokine secretion. In this study we show that T cells of CVID subjects, in comparison with control T cells, undergo spontaneous apoptosis in culture and markedly accelerated apoptosis after gamma-irradiation. Although costimulation of the CD28 receptor following engagement of the TCR/CD3 receptor normally provides a second signal necessary for IL-2 secretion, CD28 costimulation in CVID does not significantly increase IL-2 production, nor does this combination of activators enhance the survival of irradiated CVID T cells, as it does for cultured normal T cells. Addition of IL-2 enhances CVID T cell survival, suggesting that the IL-2 signalling pathways are normal. CVID T cells have similar expression of Bcl-2 to control T cells. CD3 stimulation up-regulates T cell expression of bcl-xL mRNA for normal T cells, but anti-CD28 does not augment bcl-xL expression for CVID subjects with accelerated apoptosis. Defects of the CD28 receptor pathway, leading to cytokine deprivation and dysregulation of bcl-xL, could lead to poor T cell viability and some of the cellular defects observed in CVID.
Winter site fidelity and body condition of three riparian songbird species following a fire (2005)

The effects of fire on nonbreeding songbird species in riparian habitat have not been studied. We compared body condition, within-year site fidelity, and between-year site fidelity of 3 songbird species (Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow; Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush; and Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Kinglet) at 2 coastal riparian sites. Wildfire, which is rare in this habitat, had occurred at 1 of the sites before data collection. A significantly larger proportion of Passerella iliaca was recaptured in subsequent winters at the unburned site than at the burned site, but little difference was found between sites for Catharus guttatus or Regulus calendula. Body mass of all 3 species declined during winter at the burned site, but differences between sites were not significant. Similarly, body mass indices of new captures were lower at the burned site than the unburned site for all 3 species, but these differences were not significant. The within-year recapture rate for all 3 species combined declined at the burned site over the course of the study, possibly due to changes in vegetation structure caused by the fire. Overall, our data suggest that wintering songbirds were resilient to this disturbance, but that response to the post-fire environment differed among foraging guilds. Well-replicated studies that include pre-burn data are needed to evaluate the effects of this disturbance in riparian systems.
Search for Potential Vaccine Candidate Open Reading Frames in the<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Virulence Plasmid pXO1: In Silico and In Vitro Screening (2002)

A genomic analysis of the Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1, aimed at identifying potential vaccine candidates and virulence-related genes, was carried out. The 143 previously defined open reading frames (ORFs) (R. T. Okinaka, K. Cloud, O. Hampton, A. R. Hoffmaster, K. K. Hill, P. Keim, T. M. Koehler, G. Lamke, S. Kumano, J. Mahillon, D. Manter, Y. Martinez, D. Ricke, R. Svensson, and P. J. Jackson, J. Bacteriol. 181:6509-6515, 1999) were subjected to extensive sequence similarity searches (with the nonredundant and unfinished microbial genome databases), as well as motif, cellular location, and domain analyses. A comparative genomics analysis was conducted with the related genomes of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus halodurans, and Bacillus cereus and the pBtoxis plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis. As a result, the percentage of ORFs with clues about their functions increased from approximately 30% (as previously reported) to more than 60%. The bioinformatics analysis permitted identification of novel genes with putative relevance for pathogenesis and virulence. Based on our analyses, 11 putative proteins were chosen as targets for functional genomics studies. A rapid and efficient functional screening method was developed, in which PCR-amplified full-length linear DNA products of the selected ORFs were transcribed and directly translated in vitro and their immunogenicities were assessed on the basis of their reactivities with hyperimmune anti-B. anthracis antisera. Of the 11 ORFs selected for analysis, 9 were successfully expressed as full-length polypeptides, and 3 of these were found to be antigenic and to have immunogenic potential. The latter ORFs are currently being evaluated to determine their vaccine potential.
Effects of dopamine and epinephrine infusions on renal hemodynamics in severe malaria and severe sepsis (2000)

Although dopamine increased and epinephrine decreased fractional renal blood flow, there was no evidence that either drug produced either a beneficial or a deleterious effect on renal oxygen metabolism or function at any of the doses investigated.
Dislocation Related Leakage in Advanced CMOS Devices (2005)

Abstract With high implant doses, strained silicon technologies and shrinking feature sizes, dislocation related failures seem to gain more importance in advanced CMOS devices. On the basis of case studies, different types of dislocations as well as the electrical characteristics of the corresponding devices will be presented.
Experimental determination of spin-transfer torque nonadiabaticity parameter and spin polarization in permalloy (2009)

The domain-wall depinning boundary, showing the variation in critical current density with magnetic field, is measured for notched permalloy wires using pulsed-current measurements. The structure of domain walls trapped at the pinning potential provided by the notch is imaged using photoemission electron microscopy. The experimental depinning boundary is compared with those obtained by micromagnetic simulations including the adiabatic and nonadiabatic spin-torque terms. This method allows for the determination of both the nonadiabaticity parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and spin current polarization $P$, which we obtain as $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.040\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ and $P=0.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ at room temperature.
Lucerne biology and genetic improvement - an analysis of past activities and future goals in Australia (2001)

Breeding methodologies for cultivated lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.), an autotetraploid, have changed little over the last 50 years, with reliance on polycross methods and recurrent phenotypic selection. There has been, however, an increase in our understanding of lucerne biology, in particular the genetic relationships between members of the M. sativa complex, as deduced by DNA analysis. Also, the differences in breeding behaviour and vigour of diploids versus autotetraploids, and the underlying genetic causes, are discussed in relation to lucerne improvement. Medicago falcata , a member of the M. sativa complex, has contributed substantially to lucerne improvement in North America, and its diverse genetics would appear to have been under-utilised in Australian programs over the last two decades, despite the reduced need for tolerance to freezing injury in Australian environments. Breeding of lucerne in Australia only commenced on a large scale in 1977, driven by an urgent need to introgress aphid resistance into adapted backgrounds. The release in the early 1980s of lucernes with multiple pest and disease resistance (aphids, Phytophthora , Colletotrichum) had a significant effect on increasing lucerne productivity and persistence in eastern Australia, with yield increases under high disease pressure of up to 300% being recorded over the predominant Australian cultivar, up to 1977, Hunter River. Since that period, irrigated lucerne yields have plateaued, highlighting the need to identify breeding objectives, technologies, and the germplasm that will create new opportunities for increasing performance. This review discusses major goals for lucerne improvement programs in Australia, and provides indications of the germplasm sources and technologies that are likely to deliver the desired outcomes.
Consecutive Versus Simultaneous Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Release (2004)

Many patients have symptoms of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and require surgical release of both hands. Despite the intuitive savings to both the patient and the institution of simultaneous carpal tunnel release, many surgeons choose to repair one hand at a time under the assumption that the morbidity and disability following surgery, such as pain and hand incapacity, would be too great if both hands were repaired simultaneously. We reviewed the charts of 108 patients who underwent bilateral carpal tunnel release to ascertain information on both the relative costs and morbidities of the 2 approaches; mean follow-up time was 2.6 years. With regard to costs, the average number of clinic visits for the simultaneous group was 2 versus 4.5 for the consecutive group (P < 0.0001). The mean total operating room time for the simultaneous group was 48.5 minutes versus 72.5 minutes for the consecutive group (P < 0.0001). The average time off work for the simultaneous group was 3.25 weeks versus 6 weeks for the consecutive group (P = 0.08). To evaluate morbidity, 62 patients consented to telephone interviews regarding the outcome of their surgery, 51 of whom had undergone simultaneous release. Of the 51 patients who underwent simultaneous release, 48 (94%) were satisfied with the overall results of their surgery, and 38 (75%) stated that they would undergo simultaneous release again. All 11 patients in the consecutive group were satisfied with the results of their surgery and would do it again (P = 0.21 and 0.03, respectively). On the basis of these findings, we conclude first, the overall costs associated with simultaneous release are considerably less than consecutive bilateral release, and second, the disability following simultaneous bilateral carpal tunnel release is no greater than that following consecutive bilateral release. We, therefore, recommend simultaneous bilateral carpal tunnel release in patients who have bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome.