gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type II integral membrane proteins with characteristics of C-type animal lectins expressed by natural killer (NK) cells (1993)

Journal Article Type II integral membrane proteins with characteristics of C-type animal lectins expressed by natural killer (NK) cells Get access William H. Chambers, William H. Chambers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Adamkiewicz, Thomas Adamkiewicz 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeffrey P. Houchins Jeffrey P. Houchins 2Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glycobiology, Volume 3, Issue 1, February 1993, Pages 9–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/3.1.9 Published: 01 February 1993 Article history Received: 11 November 1992 Accepted: 20 November 1992 Published: 01 February 1993
Simultaneous Purification of Merozoites and Schizonts of Eimeria tenella (Apicomplexa) by Percoll Flotation and Assessment of Cell Viability with a Double Fluorescent Dye Assay (1991)

The asynchronous development of Eimeria tenella in orally infected chickens makes it possible to purify second generation merozoites (meros) and shizonts from a single mucosal homogenate. After centrifugation in 30% Percoll in phosphate-buffered saline (Percoll-PBS), debris, villi, and schizonts float, whereas meros and erythrocytes are pelleted. Erythrocytes are lysed by a mild hypotonic shock; meros are filtered through a cotton wool plug and collected by centrifugation. The 30% Percoll-PBS supernatant fraction is diluted to 25% Percoll-PBS and centrifuged to sediment mature schizonts. By repeated slow-speed centrifugation, schizonts are separated from nuclei and small-sized debris. In less than 3 hr, 8.8 +/- 2.3 x 10(8) meros and 7.2 +/- 3.9 x 10(6) schizonts are collected from 10 infected chickens. Contamination with host material is 2% for meros but variable for schizonts. For the assessment of cell viability, ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) have been used as markers for dead and living cells, respectively, in a single step method. More than 95% of the schizonts and meros accumulate AO and no EB, whereas lysed erythrocytes and all cells hosting a schizont are permeable to EB. After incubation of meros and schizonts in synthetic media with [5,6- 3H]uracil, label accumulates in the perchloric acid-soluble and -insoluble fractions, indicating transport, salvage, and incorporation of the pyrimidine precursor in nucleic acids. If stored on ice, meros and schizonts retain metabolic activity for at least 5 hr, but metabolism declines rapidly during incubation at 41 C.
Study of Top and Bottom Photonic Gratings on GaN LED With Error Grating Models (2010)

The gallium nitride (GaN) light-emitting-diode (LED) top-bottom (or transmission-reflection) grating simulation results with error grating model are presented. The microstructure GaN bottom hole and top pillar gratings are calculated and compared with the non-grating (flat) case. Grating shapes simulated are either conical or cylindrical. A direct comparison of 181 different combined transmission-reflection grating cases using the finite difference time domain method is presented. The simulation results show that simple or direct combinations of the optimized top grating with the optimized bottom grating only produce a 42% light extraction improvement compared to the non-grating case, which is much lower than that of an optimized single grating case. This is due to the mismatch of grating parameters with the direct addition of the second grating structure, which changes the optical field distribution in the LEDs. Therefore, it is very important to optimize both top and bottom gratings simultaneously for the double-grating design. We also show the optimization of a double grating structure can achieve better performance than a single grating. Finally, transmission-reflection error gratings are also presented. It is also the first time to present randomization in GaN LED grating design and its effects in fabrication. Our data shows that the favorable light extraction improvement is at approximately 10-15% randomization. The randomization can achieve 230% improvement over the original grating at a randomization intensity factor of 12.8%.
<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates to an Oral Carbapenem Alone or in Combination with β-Lactamase Inhibitors (2014)

We evaluated the antituberculosis (anti-TB) activity of five β-lactams alone or in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors against 41 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains. Of those, tebipenem, an oral carbapenem, showed the most potent anti-TB activity against clinical isolates, with a MIC range of 0.125 to 8 μg/ml, which is achievable in the human blood. More importantly, in the presence of clavulanate, MIC values of tebipenem declined to 2 μg/ml or less.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Imatinib and Second-Generation Tyrosine Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2009)

Targeted therapy in the form of selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has transformed the approach to management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and dramatically improved patient outcome to the extent that imatinib is currently accepted as the first-line agent for nearly all patients presenting with CML, regardless of the phase of the disease. Impressive clinical responses are obtained in the majority of patients in chronic phase; however, not all patients experience an optimal response to imatinib, and furthermore, the clinical response in a number of patients will not be sustained. The process by which the leukemic cells prove resistant to TKIs and the restoration of BCR-ABL1 signal transduction from previous inhibition has initiated the pursuit for the causal mechanisms of resistance and strategies by which to surmount resistance to therapeutic intervention. ABL kinase domain mutations have been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of TKI resistance, however, it is increasingly evident that the presence of mutations does not explain all cases of resistance and does not account for the failure of TKIs to eliminate minimal residual disease in patients who respond optimally. The focus of exploring TKI resistance has expanded to include the mechanism by which the drug is delivered to its target and the impact of drug influx and efflux proteins on TKI bioavailability. The limitations of imatinib have inspired the development of second generation TKIs in order to overcome the effect of resistance to this primary therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7519-27).
Vague identity and quantum indeterminacy (1994)

Journal Article Vague identity and quantum indeterminacy Get access E. J. Lowe E. J. Lowe University of Durham50 Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 54, Issue 2, April 1994, Pages 110–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/54.2.110 Published: 01 April 1994
Cold-plasma production for recombination extreme-ultraviolet lasers by optical-field-induced ionization (1989)

For high-intensity, linearly polarized light, above-threshold ionization results from the time difference between the instant of ionization and the electric field maximum. Cold plasmas suitable for recombination extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) lasers can be produced if appropriate wavelength-ionizing radiation is used. Multiphoton ionization intensities are calculated for representative XUV laser schemes.
F-18 labeled 3-fluorodiazepam (1985)

3-Fluorodiazepam is a new and potent antianxiety agent with prolonged action. The authors found that molecular fluorine (0.5% in Ne) reacts cleanly with diazepam in freon or chloroform at room temperature to produce 3-fluorodiazepam in good yields. Successful syntheses have employed 2:1 to 5:1 molar ratios diazepam: fluorine to minimize the formation of byproducts. (/sup 18/F) 3-Fluorodiazepam, a potential candidate for PET studies, (specific activity 3-5 Ci/mmol) has been synthesized from /sup 18/F-F/sub 2/ using the same procedure, followed by column chromatographic purification (Silicagel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate, 5:1) with a radiochemical yield of 12-20% (50% maximum) and a chemical and radiochemical purity >99% as judged by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography analysis (Ultrasyl octyl column, 10 ..mu.. m, 4.6 x 250 mm i.d., 60% MeOH 40% water; flow rate, 1.0 ml/min; retention time for (/sup 18/F) fluorodiazepam, 11.4 min; for diazepam, 13.5 min; radioactivity and ultraviolet detectors). Lower radiochemical yields (5-7%), and significant formation of by-products were observed when (/sup 18/F)acetylhypofluorite, prepared in the gasphase, was used as the reagent. Readily accessible routes to /sup 18/F-labeled benzodiazepines of higher specific activity were also investigated. Approaches to the synthesis of high specific activity (>200 Ci/mmol) (/sup 18/F)3-fluorodiazepam involve nucleophilic displacement atmore » carbon-3 (e.g. from 3-chlorodiazepam) with (/sup 18/F)fluoride ion. The results presented here demonstrate the synthetic accessibility of /sup 18/F-labeled benzodiazepines for application in neurotransmitter ligand studies with PET.« less
Efficiency of a periodic array with nearly ideal element pattern (1989)

The array is composed of a planar arrangement of coupled dielectric waveguides radiating into free space. Most of the power supplied to any of the array elements is radiated uniformly in the Brillouin zone of order zero by means of an array of coupled waveguides. This result is shown for a planar geometry satisfying the scalar wave equation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of hydrophobic SiO2 surfaces prepared by fluorinated organosilane treatments (1990)

Abstract A surface conversion technique was developed to make the SiO2 surface extremely hydrophobic. Two kinds of fluorine-substituted organosilanes, (heptafluoroisopropoxy)propyl methyl dichlorosilane and trifluoropropylmethyl dichlorosilane, were utilized as the conversion agents. The hydrophobicity was evaluated in terms of the London dispersion force component of the surface free energy (Fowkes's γd s) by measuring the contact angles of CH2I2, hexadecane, and H2O. The values of γd s for the converted surface are 15 and 21 mJ/m2 for the former and the latter conversion reagent, respectively. These surfaces were found to have resistance to 60 min hydrolysis in boiling water and pyrolysis in air up to 450°C. Keywords: Hydrophobic SiO2surface conversionfluorinated organosilanecontact anglesurface free energy
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Impact in Global Vaccination Programs against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 (2021)

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in different continents is causing a major concern in human global health. These variants have in common a higher transmissibility, becoming dominant within populations in a short time, and an accumulation of a high number of mutations in the spike (S) protein, especially within the amino terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor binding domain (RBD). These mutations have direct implications on virus infection rates through higher affinity of S RBD for the cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor. There are also signs of enhanced virulence, re-infection frequency, and increased resistance to the action of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies from convalescence sera and in vaccinated individuals in regions where the variants spread dominantly. In this review, we describe the different SARS-CoV-2 variants that have thus far been identified in various parts of the world with mutational changes and biological properties as well as their impact in medical countermeasures and human health.
A Double Hit to Kill Tumor and Endothelial Cells by TRAIL and Antiangiogenic 3TSR (2009)

As tumor development relies on a coordination of angiogenesis and tumor growth, an efficient antitumor strategy should target both the tumor and its associated vessels. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a tumor-selective manner. Additionally, thrombospondin-1, a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis, and a recombinant protein containing functional domains of thrombospondin-1, 3TSR, have been shown to be necessary and sufficient to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Here, we show that a combination of a TRAIL receptor 2 agonist antibody, Lexatumumab, and 3TSR results in a significantly enhanced and durable tumor inhibition. We further observed that 3TSR induces apoptosis in primary endothelial cells by up-regulating the expression of TRAIL receptors 1 and 2 in a CD36 and Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase-dependent manner leading to the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic machineries. The modulation of these pathways is critical for 3TSR-induced apoptosis as disrupting either via specific inhibitors reduced apoptosis. Moreover, 3TSR attenuates the Akt survival pathway. These studies indicate that 3TSR plays a critical role in regulating the proapoptotic signaling pathways that control growth and death in endothelial cells and that a combination of TRAIL and 3TSR acts as a double hit against tumor and tumor-associated vessels.
Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research (1999)

As shoppers, what factors influence our decision to purchase an object or service? Why do we chose one product over another? How do we attribute value as part of the shopping experience? The theme of 'serving' the customer and customer satisfaction is central to every formulation of the marketing concept, yet few books attenpt to define and analyse exactly what it is that consumers want. In this provocative collection of essays, Morris Holbrook brings together a team of the top US and European scholars to discuss an issue of great importance to the study of marketing and consumer behaviour. This ground-breaking, interdisciplinary book provides an innovative framework for the study of consumer value which is used to critically examine the nature and type of value that consumers derive from the consumption experience - effiency, excellence, status, esteem, play, aesthetics, ethics, spirituality. Guaranteed to provoke debate and controversy, this is a courageous, individualistic and idiosyncratic book which should appeal to students of marketing, consumer behaviour, cultural studies and consumption studies.
Electron-Beam Excitation of the Nitrogen Laser (1972)

Stimulated emission near 3371 Å is reported for the first time using a commercial electron-beam generator as an energy source. A 2 × 103-A/cm2 3-nsec pulse of 400-keV electrons from a field-emission diode traveled 160 cm down a ¾-in. tube containing N2 at pressures of 10–50 Torr. A longitudinal magnetic field of 2–10 kG helped confine the electrons in the tube. The 400-keV electrons produce secondary and subsequent cascade electrons with energies from 0–200 keV. Those electrons with 13–17 eV excite nitrogen molecules to the upper lasing (C3Πu) state. Sufficient concentration of excited nitrogen molecules is produced for the gas to show superradiance with 60 kW of light output power.
Plasma‐Polymerization of HMDSO Using an Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (2009)

Abstract In this work, an atmospheric pressure glow‐like dielectric barrier discharge in argon with small admixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is employed for the deposition of thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films. The effect of discharge power and feed composition (monomer concentration) on film properties has been investigated by means of contact angle measurements, Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results are described by defining a W / FM value, where W is the discharge power, F the monomer flow rate, and M is the molecular weight of the monomer. This paper shows that the deposition rate and the chemical composition of the deposited films are strongly affected by the W/FM value at which plasma‐polymerization is performed.
Earliest evidence for commensal processes of cat domestication (2013)

Domestic cats are one of the most popular pets globally, but the process of their domestication is not well understood. Near Eastern wildcats are thought to have been attracted to food sources in early agricultural settlements, following a commensal pathway to domestication. Early evidence for close human-cat relationships comes from a wildcat interred near a human on Cyprus ca. 9,500 y ago, but the earliest domestic cats are known only from Egyptian art dating to 4,000 y ago. Evidence is lacking from the key period of cat domestication 9,500-4,000 y ago. We report on the presence of cats directly dated between 5560-5280 cal B.P. in the early agricultural village of Quanhucun in Shaanxi, China. These cats were outside the wild range of Near Eastern wildcats and biometrically smaller, but within the size-range of domestic cats. The δ(13)C and δ(15)N values of human and animal bone collagen revealed substantial consumption of millet-based foods by humans, rodents, and cats. Ceramic storage containers designed to exclude rodents indicated a threat to stored grain in Yangshao villages. Taken together, isotopic and archaeological data demonstrate that cats were advantageous for ancient farmers. Isotopic data also show that one cat ate less meat and consumed more millet-based foods than expected, indicating that it scavenged among or was fed by people. This study offers fresh perspectives on cat domestication, providing the earliest known evidence for commensal relationships between people and cats.
Effects of topical PGF<sub>2α</sub>on aqueous humor dynamics in cynomolgus monkeys (1987)

Single topical applications of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) tromethamine salt to living cynomolgus monkey eyes reduced intraocular pressure (IOP). Twice daily topical application was far more effective, so that after the 7th 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms dose on day 4, IOP fell 40-50%, to 8-10 mm Hg. Following twice daily application of 50 or 100 micrograms for greater than 3 days: (1) no increase in total outflow facility could be demonstrated by 2-level constant pressure perfusion or Schiotz tonography; (2) no decrease in aqueous humor formation rate could be demonstrated by fluorophotometry--rather, aqueous flow may have increased; (3) anterior chamber aqueous humor protein concentration was unaltered, but entry of intravenously injected fluorescein into the cornea and anterior chamber tended to increase; (4) there was a weak but sometimes statistically significant miosis of up to approximately 0.5 mm. We conclude that in the cynomolgus monkey: (1) PGF2 alpha is a potent ocular hypotensive agent with only very weak miotic and blood-aqueous barrier-disrupting effects; (2) the ocular hypotensive action of PGF2 alpha is definitely not due to increased conventional outflow facility or decreased aqueous production, but probably to increased uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor.
Fabrication and characterization of solution-processed methanofullerene-based organic field-effect transistors (2005)

The fabrication and characterization of high-mobility, n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFET) based on methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester using various organic insulators as gate dielectrics is presented. Gate dielectrics not only influence the morphology of the active semiconductor, but also the distribution of the localized states at the semiconductor-dielectric interface. Spin-coated organic dielectrics with very smooth surfaces provide a well-defined interface for the formation of high quality organic semiconductor films. The charge transport and mobility in these OFET devices strongly depend on the choice of the gate dielectric. The electron mobilities obtained are in the range of 0.05–0.2cm2V−1s−1. Most of the OFETs fabricated using organic dielectrics exhibit an inherent hysteresis due to charge trapping at the semiconductor-dielectric interface. Devices with a polymeric electret as gate dielectric show a very large and metastable hysteresis in its transfer characteristics. The observed hysteresis is found to be temperature dependent and has been used to develop a bistable memory element.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nature of the “Copper Effect” in the Stille Cross‐Coupling (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Are random forests truly the best classifiers (2016)

The JMLR study Do we need hundreds of classifiers to solve real world classification problems? benchmarks 179 classifiers in 17 families on 121 data sets from UCI repository and claims that the random forest is clearly best family of classifier. In this response, we show that study's results are biased by lack of a held-out test set and exclusion of trials with errors. Further, study's own statistical tests indicate that random forests do not have significantly higher percent accuracy than support vector machines and neural networks, calling into question conclusion that random forests are best classifiers.
A system for constructing boundary representation solid models from a two-dimensional sketch (2000)

This paper describes a system which converts a two-dimensional sketch with hidden lines removed of a single polyhedral object into a boundary representation solid model. The system improves on a previous system by Grimstead (1997) by analysing the sketch for symmetry elements and regularities. It uses the results of this analysis to produce a more plausible topological completion of the hidden parts of the object, and to enforce exact constraints on the geometry of the boundary-representation model.
Sidelobe apodization in Fourier imaging (2001)

Spatially variant sidelobe apodization (SVA) is a technique that reduces sidelobe levels in a Fourier image while maintaining the image resolution that would be obtained using the rectangular window. The method has been successfully used in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. In general, sidelobe apodization techniques can be used whenever a finite amount of data is processed by a discrete-time Fourier transform. Thus, the technique can be extended to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time-frequency analysis. We explore the impact of sidelobe apodization on these Fourier imaging techniques. The characteristics of the data processed in these applications present singular challenges. In one instance the data consist of reflectivity samples from high intensity airborne scattering structures. In another case the data consist of signals with high signal-to-noise ratios in which intensities decay with time. A third instance is that of data consisting of nonstationary and transitory signals. Advantages and disadvantages of sidelobe apodization are discussed.