gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of four generations of monodisperse aryl ester dendrimers based on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of four generations of monodisperse aryl ester dendrimers based on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acidTimothy M. Miller, Elizabeth W. Kwock, and Thomas X. NeenanCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 12, 3143–3148Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00038a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00038a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iterative reliability-based decoding of linear block codes with adaptive belief propagation (2005)

In this letter, an iterative decoding algorithm for linear block codes combining reliability-based decoding with adaptive belief propagation decoding is proposed. At each iteration, the soft output values delivered by the adaptive belief propagation algorithm are used as reliability values to perform reduced order reliability-based decoding of the code considered. This approach allows to bridge the gap between the error performance achieved by the lower order reliability-based decoding algorithms which remain sub-optimum, and the maximum likelihood decoding, which is too complex to be implemented for most codes employed in practice. Simulations results for various linear block codes are given and elaborated.
Evaluation of stacking nanostructure in soil humic acids by analysis of the 002 band of their X-ray diffraction profiles (2015)

Humic substances are ubiquitous in the environment. The development of models for their chemical structure can be expected to improve our understanding of their environmental behavior. In this study, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) to develop models for the stacking nanostructure of 12 humic acids (HAs) extracted from Japanese Andisols, Inceptisols and Entisols. In the XRD profiles of the HAs, the γ band, which was attributed to aliphatic side chains, and the 002 band were separated by means of curve fitting with the Voigt function. The interlayer spacing of the carbon (C) planes (d002) and the mean thickness of the stacking nanostructure along the c axis (Lc) were calculated from the position of the peak for the 002 band and the full width at half maximum by means of Bragg’s and Scherrer’s equations, respectively. The average number of C planes in the stacking nanostructure (Nc) was estimated from d002 and Lc. The Lc and Nc values ranged from 1.04 to 1.84 nm and from 3.01 to 5.40, respectively. The mean Lc and Nc values of the Andisol HAs were larger than those of the Inceptisol and Entisol HAs (P < 0.01). The d002 value of the HAs was approximately 0.34 nm, which was slightly larger than that of graphite (0.335 nm). The Lc value positively correlated with aromatic C content (r = 0.938, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the sum of alkyl C and O-alkyl C contents (r = − 0.958, P < 0.01), which were estimated from the liquid-state carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Furthermore, the degree of darkness of the HAs positively correlated with Lc (r = 0.961, P < 0.01). Analysis of the 002 band of the XRD profile clarified the number of C planes in the stacking nanostructure and the thickness of the stacking layer unit of the HAs. Our results indicate that the accumulation of polynuclear aromatic C with stacking nanostructures contributed to the darkening of HAs in soil.
Redistributed consumer desire in digital virtual worlds of consumption (2013)

The aim of this paper is to discuss and illustrate how the use of software available in digital virtual worlds of consumption, including wish lists, watch lists, and digital virtual goods (DVGs), interact with consumer desiring practices. We draw on a data set of three interpretative studies with technology users living in the South of England. Our study makes a unique contribution to our understanding of consumer desire and digital virtual consumption by bringing to the fore the often-neglected role of non-human agents in the practice of consumer desire. In particular, it shows (1) the assemblage of consumer desire in human–non-human hybrids (composed of consumers and online wish lists, online auction tools, and video-game resources; (2) the redistribution of competence and skills in human–software hybrids; (3) the r-distribution of affect and commitment in human–software hybrids; and (4) the refocusing of desire in human–software hybrids. Based on our findings, we conclude that, over time, the use of software in the construction and actualisation of desire reconfigures consumer desire practices into a goal-orientated task, where the focus is not daydreaming activity or material commodities per se but rather the software itself. Here, the software not only presents things to be desired, but also absorbs some of the skill and competence needed to conjure up desire. Ultimately, these configurations appear to create breaks in the experience of desire that weaken the hold previously binding consumers to objects of desire.
Morphology of the osteonal cement line in human bone (1987)

While current consensus suggests the absence of collagen in osteonal cement lines, the extent of cement line mineralization and the nature of the ground substance within the cement line are unclear. Samples of human radius were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, and histochemical techniques. X-ray intensities were used to compare the amount of calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur in cement lines with amounts in surrounding lamellar bone. The results indicate that cement lines contain significantly less calcium and phosphorus, but significantly more sulfur, than surrounding bone matrix. The Ca/P ratio of cement lines was significantly greater than that of lamellar bone, suggesting that the mineral in cement lines may not be in the form of mature hydroxyapatite. No selective staining of the cement lines could be demonstrated by using periodic acid-Schiff, Sudan black B, or alcian blue critical electrolyte concentration techniques.
Cancer stem cell vaccine inhibits metastases of primary tumors and induces humoral immune responses against cancer stem cells (2015)

The inability to target cancer stem cells (CSC) may be a significant factor contributing to treatment failure. We have developed a strategy to target the CSC populations in melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma using CSC lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs). The CSC-DC vaccine was administered in the adjuvant setting after localized radiation therapy of established tumors. Using mouse models we demonstrated that DCs pulsed with CSCs enriched by virtue of their expression of the CSC marker ALDH (termed CSC-DC) significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced development of pulmonary metastases and prolonged survival. The effect was associated with downregulation of chemokine (C-C motif) receptors CCR7 and CCR10 in tumor cells and decreased expression of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligands CCL21, CCL27 and CCL28 in lung tissue. The CSC-DC vaccine significantly reduced ALDH<sup>high</sup> CSC frequency in primary tumors. Direct targeting of CSCs was demonstrated by the specific binding of IgG produced by ALDH<sup>high</sup> CSC-DC vaccine-primed B cells to ALDH<sup>high</sup> CSCs, resulting in lysis of these target CSCs in the presence of complement. These data suggest that the CSC-DC vaccine approach may be useful in the adjuvant setting where local and systemic relapse are high after conventional treatment of cancers.
High Temperature High Vacuum Resistance Furnace (1960)

An experimental high temperature high vacuum furnace with self-supported tungsten resistance heating elements is described. The furnace is assembled from readily obtainable parts, and knife-edge vacuum seals are used through-out. The volume of the hot chamber is approximately 2 in. diameter by 8 in. high; the uniform zone is 2 in. long. A temperature of 2000°C can be attained at a pressure of ∼10−5 mm Hg and at a power expenditure of 12 kw.
In-Plane Transport and Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Thin Films of the Topological Insulators<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Te</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Se</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2010)

Several small-band-gap semiconductors are now known to protect metallic surface states as a consequence of the topology of the bulk electron wave functions. The known "topological insulators" with this behavior include the important thermoelectric materials Bi₂Te₃ and Bi₂Se₃, whose surfaces are observed in photoemission experiments to have an unusual electronic structure with a single Dirac cone. We study in-plane (i.e., horizontal) transport in thin films made of these materials. The surface states from top and bottom surfaces hybridize, and conventional diffusive transport predicts that the tunable hybridization-induced band gap leads to increased thermoelectric performance at low temperatures. Beyond simple diffusive transport, the conductivity shows a crossover from the spin-orbit-induced antilocalization at a single surface to ordinary localization.
Shakespeare's<i>Pharsalia</i>: the first tetralogy (2005)

In the opening scene of Henry VI, Part One the Duke of Bedford attempts to sum up the feelings of the realm and his hopes for the future as his elder brother's coffin proceeds on its last journey:
An overlay architecture for throughput optimal multipath routing (2014)

Legacy networks are often designed to operate with simple single-path routing, like shortest-path, which is known to be throughput suboptimal. On the other hand, previously proposed throughput optimal policies (i.e., backpressure) require every device in the network to make dynamic routing decisions. In this work, we study an overlay architecture for dynamic routing such that only a subset of devices (overlay nodes) need to make dynamic routing decisions. We determine the essential collection of nodes that must bifurcate traffic for achieving the maximum multicommodity network throughput. We apply our optimal node placement algorithm to several graphs and the results show that a small fraction of overlay nodes is sufficient for achieving maximum throughput. Finally, we propose a heuristic policy (OBP), which dynamically controls traffic bifurcations at overlay nodes. In all studied simulation scenarios, OBP not only achieves full throughput, but also reduces delay in comparison to the throughput optimal backpressure routing.
Blockchain Enabled IoT Edge Computing (2019)

Number of internet connected devices is increasing as IoT is getting more prevalent. Volume of data collected by IoT sensors is very high and requires considerable resources for data processing like analytics. Edge processing enables getting the sensor data processed closer to the source. It's not always possible and/or economical to set up a resource intense infrastructure at the edge. This paper proposes use of blockchain based decentralized application to enable IoT edge processing. With this setup, it is possible for a resource owner to join the ecosystem and to lend the compute resources as needed. IoT devices can offload some of the edge computation to the resource owner nodes as and when required. This paper explains architectural components and overall solution for implementation. Based on the usecase of video analytics at edge, experimental setup is implemented for the IoT edge solution using hyperledger sawtooth blockchain.
Testing of a homopolar generator, energy storage inductor, opening-switch railgun system (1986)

The first homopolar-fired railgun system was operated in Canberra in 1972 [1,2]. Since that time two additional systems have been tested, the EMACK homopolar generator (HPG) built by Westinghouse and operated by Army Research and Development Center (ARDC) [3] and the joint effort by The Center for Electromechanics of The University of Texas (CEM-UT) and General Dynamics in 1982 [4]. This paper describes the homopolar railgun system operated by CEM-UT in 1985. The aspect that makes this system different from the previous experiments is the design of a fast opening switch (10 to 20 µs) that will allow operation of the HPG into hypervelocity launchers.
NONOPERATIVE DETERMINATION OF PATENCY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES IN STERILITY (1920)

The value of oxygen in conjunction with the roentgen ray as an aid in the diagnosis of obscure abdominal conditions has been demonstrated in a number of recent publications. No ill effects have accompanied or followed the pneumoperitoneum produced by inflation of the abdominal cavity with oxygen gas. The tolerance of the peritoneum for oxygen even in large volume, and the fact that its presence can be detected by fluoroscopy and roentgenography have led to its use as a diagnostic procedure in determining patency of the fallopian tubes. If the gas injected into the uterus under certain measurable pressure would pass into the fallopian tubes, it ought to reach the general peritoneal cavity. In patients with patent fallopian tubes the gas would establish an artificial pneumoperitoneum identical with that produced when injected by direct abdominal puncture. In patients with occluded tubes no such result could be obtained. Accordingly, experiments were
Capillary Electrochromatography of Cholesterol and Its Ester Derivatives (2000)

Separation of cholesterol and its ester derivatives using micellar electrokinetic chromatography is a challenge due to the extreme hydrophobicity of these compounds. In this work, an isocratic capillary electrochromatography (CEC) method has been developed to separate a complex mixture of cholesterol and its 12-ester derivatives. The proportions of mobile phase (tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, water), as well as the effects of acid modifiers, buffer concentrations, voltage, and temperature on the separation of cholesterol derivatives were investigated. Addition of a polymeric surfactant, poly(sodium N-undecanoyl-L-glycinate), to the mobile phase reduced migration time and improved resolution of the analytes. The CEC method developed allows baseline separation of a complex mixture of cholesterol and 12 ester derivatives in less than 40 min. Finally, the method is applied to the characterization of cholesterol, cholesterol linoleate, and cholesterol oleate extracted from atherosclerotic plaque deposits in the arterial walls of a human aorta.
Impact of the desert pupfish,<i>Cyprinodon macularius</i>, and<i>Gambusia affinis affinis</i>on fauna in pond ecosystems (1980)

Effects of populations of Cyprinodon macularius Baird and Girard (desert pupfish) and Gambusia affinis affinis (Baird and Girard) on aquatic insects and zooplankton were investigated in shallow ponds clear of emergent vegetation and those planted with rice. Presence of both fish caused equivalently lower densities of beneficial insect predators, mosquitoes, and zooplankton. Except for some behavioral feeding differences, food consumption appeared to be related to the density of food organisms available. Cyprinodon macularius foraged primarily in the benthos, where it consumed chironomid midge larvae, aquatic vegetation, snails, detritus, and some zooplankton and insect predator groups; whereas, G. affinis, foraging more at the surface, consumed a diverse selection of terrestrial insects as well as chironomid midge larvae, more planktonic zooplankters, snails, and some insect predators. Cyprinodon macularius appears to be an acceptable substitute for G. affinis in mosquito control, and may be preferred in habitats harboring other native fishes due to minimal piscivorous behavior.
Studies on Leuckart-Wallach Reaction Paths (1976)

Abstract The Leuckart-Wallach reaction paths were investigated by means of catalytic reduction in the Leuckart-Wallach reaction system and on the basis of analogous formic acid reductions. It was determined that, in the early stage of the Leuckart-Wallach reaction, ammonia, amine and also formamide undergo addition reactions to carbonyl compounds. The addition of formamide catalyzed by formic acid plays a significant role only for the more reactive substrates such as benzaldehyde. The behaviors of plausible intermediates for the formic acid reduction are discussed on the basis of the data of similar formic acid reductions.
Direct sequence ultra wideband system design for wireless sensor network (2008)

In this study, we present the suitability of UWB for WSN by simulating a DS-UWB digital transmission system using Matlab. DS-UWB is a single-band approach that uses narrow UWB pulses and time-domain signal processing combined with direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques to transmit and receive information. Due to signal spreading, transmitted power becomes very low which paves to low probability of detection and co-existence with other systems. Simple lower order modulation scheme is considered such as binary PSK, PAM due to low data rate requirements of WSN. Bit error rate (BER) performance has been evaluated for both modulation technique and simulation results show that the pulse repetition coder has significant impact on performance as well as control on data rates and reliable reception. Data is successfully recovered by energy detection method (Detect and Avoid) which facilitates design simplicity at the receiver by avoiding pulse synchronization and coherent detection.
Piezoelectric micromotors for microrobots (1991)

By combining new robot control systems with piezoelectric motors and micromechanics, we propose creating micromechanical systems which are small, cheap and completely autonomous. We have fabricated small - a few millimeters in diameter - piezoelectric motors using ferroelectric thin films and consisting of two pieces: a stator and a rotor. The stationary stator includes a piezoelectric film in which we induce bending in the form of a traveling wave. Anything which sits atop the stator is propelled by the wave. A small glass lens placed upon the stator becomes the spinning rotor. Using thin films of PZT on silicon nitride memebranes, various types of actuator structures have been fabricated.
Department of Computer Science, Chosun University (2001)

Relevance feedback is the most popular query reformulation strategy in a relevance feedback cycle, the user is presented with a list of the retrieved documents and, after examining them, marks those which are relevant. In practice, only the top 10(or 20) ranked documents need to be examined. The main idea consists of selecting important terms, or expressions, attached to the documents that have been identified as relevant by the user, and of enhancing the importance of these terms in a new query formulation. The expected effect is that the new query will be moved towards the relevant documents and away from the non-relevant ones. Local analysis techniques are interesting because they take advantage of the local context provided with the query. In this regard, they seem more appropriate than global analysis techniques. In a local strategy, the documents retrieved for a given query q are examined at query time to determine terms for query expansion. This is similar to a relevance feedback cycle but might be done without assistance from the user.
Nano-sized cube-shaped single crystalline oxides and their potentials; composition, assembly and functions (2014)

Nanocrystals, especially with an anisotropic shape such as cubic, are candidates as building blocks for new bottom-up approaches to materials assembly, yielding a functional architecture. Such materials also receive attention because of their intrinsic size-dependent properties and resulting applications. Here, we report synthesis and characteristics of CeO2, BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 nanocubes and the ordered assemblies. The importance of shape as well as size distribution is clarified for the bottom-up development of 3D fine structures. CeO2 nanocube assemblies with enhanced surface of specified crystal planes such as (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) would open new surface-dominant devices. BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 nanocubes with narrow size distributions and robust diversity in compositions were obtained. BaTiO3 films made up of ordered nanocube assemblies were fabricated on various substrates by evaporation-induced self-assembly method. Regardless of the substrate, the nanocubes exhibited {1 0 0} orientations and a high degree of face-to-face ordering, which remained even after heat treatment at 850 °C. The supracrystal films exhibited distinct ferroelectric behaviors.
Bioavailability and efficacy of a sustained‐release theophylline tablet (1974)

To determine bioavailability of theophylline in a new dosage form, plasma drug concentration time curves were observed in 5 normal male sub;ects after an intravenous dose of 4 mg per kilogram and after an oral dose of 700 mg as 2 oral tablets. Using kinetic parameters derived from the intravenous study, the mean oral absorption rate constant was calculated to be 0.316 ± 0.042 hr‐l with an absorption half‐time of 2.2 hr. Peak concentrations of 9 mg/l (range 7.9 to 11.7) and concentrations greater than 5 mg/l were observed from 2 to 14 hours after an oral dose. The absolute bioavailability of the oral dosage was 77.1 ± 5.4%. One 350 mg tablet every 12 hours was compared with placebo in a double‐blind Latin square trial in 10 sub;ects with intrinsic bronchial asthma. During active drug therapy, the mean observed theophylline concentration of 11.6 mg/l was associated with a 11.2 ± 2.4% improvement in vital capacity and a 13.0 ± 2.9% improvement in forced eXpiratory volume. It is concluded that this oral theophylline preparation will prOVide therapeutic drug concentrations on a 12 hr dose schedule.
AnthroSource: Designing a portal for anthropologists (2004)

This paper investigates the information needs of anthropologists to inform the design of a portal, AnthroSource. AnthroSource will digitize the publications of the American Anthropological Association and provide services for anthropologists and others who use anthropological materials.