gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic and molecular characterization of the polar flagellum of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1995)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses two alternate flagellar systems adapted for movement under different circumstances. A single polar flagellum propels the bacterium in liquid (swimming), while multiple lateral flagella move the bacterium over surfaces (swarming). Energy to rotate the polar flagellum is derived from the sodium membrane potential, whereas lateral flagella are powered by the proton motive force. Lateral flagella are arranged peritrichously, and the unsheathed filaments are polymerized from a single flagellin. The polar flagellum is synthesized constitutively, but lateral flagella are produced only under conditions in which the polar flagellum is not functional, e.g., on surfaces. This work initiates characterization of the sheathed, polar flagellum. Four genes encoding flagellins were cloned and found to map in two loci. These genes, as well as three genes encoding proteins resembling HAPs (hook-associated proteins), were sequenced. A potential consensus polar flagellar promoter was identified by using upstream sequences from seven polar genes. It resembled the enterobacterial sigma 28 consensus promoter. Three of the four flagellin genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and expression was dependent on the product of the fliA gene encoding sigma 28. The fourth flagellin gene may be different regulated. It was not expressed in E. coli, and inspection of upstream sequence revealed a potential sigma 54 consensus promoter. Mutants with single and multiple defects in flagellin genes were constructed in order to determine assembly rules for filament polymerization. HAP mutants displayed new phenotypes, which were different from those of Salmonella typhimurium and most probably were the result of the filament being sheathed.
Optimizing dynamic post-correction of AD converters (2004)

Dynamic digital post-correction of AD converters is considered. A generalized dynamic correction method is proposed and a framework for analyzing the related bit allocation problem is derived. Finally, this framework is employed in an optimization problem. The solution to the problem indicates which ADC output bits to use in order to maximize the SINAD in a post-correction system with a constraint on memory size. The proposed methods are accompanied by exemplary results obtained using experimental ADC data.
Specific gonadotropin binding to Pseudomonas maltophilia. (1977)

Binding of 125I-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin to Pseudomonas maltophilia is dependent on time, temperature, and pH and the binding to this procaryotic species is hormone-specific and saturable. The equilibrium dissociation constant is 2.3 X 10(-9) M. There are no cooperative interactions between binding sites (Hill coefficient, 1.05). The number of sites is estimaated as 240 fmol/100 mug of protein. NaCl and KCl, at concentrations from 1 to 10 mM, have no effect on binding. Divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) and 1 mM EDTA inhibit hormone binding. Binding is destroyed by heat or by treatment with Pronase of alpha-chymotrypsin and is increased by phospholipase C. Binding of the labeled gonadotropin is not observed with other gram-negative organisms--e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, or Enterobacter cloacae.
Development of a Novel Screening Method for the Isolation of “ <i>Cronobacter</i> ” spp. ( <i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i> ) (2008)

A differential medium, "Cronobacter" screening broth, has been designed to complement agars based on hydrolysis of chromogenic alpha-glucopyranoside substrates. The broth was evaluated using 329 Enterobacteriaceae strains (229 target isolates), spiked/naturally contaminated samples, and a parallel comparison with current methods for raw materials, line/end products, and factory environment samples.
双“LAN”绽放:从“垃圾场的重生”到“影子的影子” (2011)

作为俏江南集团旗下顶级餐饮品牌,北京和上海LAN兰会所分别位于各自城市的繁华之处,前者位于北京长安街上的双子座大厦,后者则独占上海外滩附近的一栋洋房。虽然没有了设计北京LAN兰会所的菲利普·斯塔克(Philippe Starck),上海LAN兰会所的揭幕依旧延续了北京LAN兰在设计和时尚界的轰动,室内设计师的更替也没有影响郑见伟再次被张兰邀请担任LAN兰会所灯光设计师。
Configuration-aware regression testing (2008)

Configurable software lets users customize applications in many ways, and is becoming increasingly prevalent. Researchers have created techniques for testing configurable software, but to date, only a little research has addressed the problems of regression testing configurable systems as they evolve. Whereas problems such as selective retesting and test prioritization at the test case level have been extensively researched, these problems have rarely been considered at the configuration level. In this paper we address the problem of providing configuration-aware regression testing for evolving software systems. We use combinatorial interaction testing techniques to model and generate configuration samples for use in regression testing. We conduct an empirical study on a non-trivial evolving software system to measure the impact of configurations on testing effectiveness, and to compare the effectiveness of different configuration prioritization techniques on early fault detection during regression testing. Our results show that configurations can have a large impact on fault detection and that prioritization of configurations can be effective.
Sinusoidal frequency modulation fourier transform and micro-Doppler spectrum estimation of vibrating vehicles (2013)

Vibration signature extraction and vehicle type identification are traditional aspirations in micro-Doppler domain. Radar echoes from vibrating targets can be modeled as frequency-modulated signals, with micro stochastic Doppler components in phase item. In this work, the sinusoidal frequency modulation Fourier transform (SFMFT) in sinusoidal frequency modulated signal space is proposed, which owns significant advantages in analyzing faint and complicate phase modulation signals. SFMFT provides a straightforward and effective approach to analyze the arbitrary frequency modulation signals. This method improves the estimate precision and reduces the requirement of radar working frequency band. Simulations of vibration spectrum extraction indicate the effectiveness of the model and method proposed in this work.
Sub-atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (SACVD) of TEOS-ozone USG and BPSG (2002)

Summary form only given. TEOS and ozone based USG and BPSG deposited by subatmospheric CVD (SACVD) have shown good film properties and planarization abilities on high-aspect-ratio structures. The SACVD reactor is capable of operating from low pressure to nearly atmospheric pressure and also in plasma mode. SACVD USG and SACVD BPSG using trimethylborate (TMB) and triethylphosphite (TEP) as dopants are described. In addition, in-situ integration of SACVD, plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD), and etchback processes is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient single-shot Z-shim EPI via spatial and temporal encoding (2011)

Echo planar imaging (EPI) is used widely for neurological fMRI studies. However, in regions of magnetic field inhomogeneity - particularly near the nasal sinuses - EPI suffers from signal dropout. Z-shim methods are one approach to recover this lost signal, where a z gradient is employed prior to the EPI readout echo train to counter phase accumulation in the signal dropout region. Typically, two separate images of the same region are acquired under different z-shim gradient strengths, and then combined into a composite image. Single-shot z-shim methods give improved temporal resolution, but with a cost of longer echo trains, which increases geometric distortion. Here, we combine parallel MR imaging (pMRI) with a single-shot z-shim method to achieve short echo train lengths. We also employ temporal encoding to counter Nyquist ghost effects, which improves the pMRI calibration. We demonstrate the method with phantom images, and evaluate its suitability for fMRI applications.
Activity of Meropenem-Vaborbactam in Mouse Models of Infection Due to KPC-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (2017)

Meropenem-vaborbactam (Vabomere) is highly active against Gram-negative pathogens, especially <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase (KPC)-producing, carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> The objective of these studies was to evaluate the efficacy of meropenem alone and in combination with vaborbactam in mouse thigh and lung infection models. Thighs or lungs of neutropenic mice were infected with KPC-producing carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, with meropenem MICs ranging from ≤0.06 to 8 mg/liter in the presence of 8 mg/liter vaborbactam. Mice were treated with meropenem alone or meropenem in combination with vaborbactam every 2 h for 24 h to provide exposures comparable to 2-g doses of each component in humans. Meropenem administered in combination with vaborbactam produced bacterial killing in all strains tested, while treatment with meropenem alone either produced less than 0.5 log CFU/tissue of bacterial killing or none at all. In the thigh model, 11 strains were treated with the combination of meropenem plus vaborbactam (300 plus 50 mg/kg of body weight). This combination produced from 0.8 to 2.89 logs of bacterial killing compared to untreated controls at the start of treatment. In the lung infection model, two strains were treated with the same dosage regimen of meropenem and vaborbactam. The combination produced more than 1.83 logs of bacterial killing against both strains tested compared to untreated controls at the start of treatment. Overall, these data suggest that meropenem-vaborbactam may have utility in the treatment of infections due to KPC-producing carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>.
Benzophenone Absorption and Diffusion in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Its Role in Graft Photo-polymerization for Surface Modification (2011)

Following the great success of traditional microfluidic devices across many disciplines, a new class of microfluidic systems emerged in recent years, which features finely tuned, localized surface modifications within the microstructures in order to keep up with the demand for devices of ever increasing complexity (lab on chip, assay on chip, etc.). Graft photopolymerization has become a powerful tool for such localized surface modifications particularly in combination with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) devices, as it is compatible with many functional monomers and allows for high spatial resolution. However, application within enclosed PDMS microstructures and in particular well-controlled surface-directed polymerization remains challenging. Detailed understanding of the interaction between photoinitiator, benzophenone (BP), and polymer matrix is needed. We have developed a visualization technique, which allows for observation of reacted BP in situ within the PDMS matrix. We present a detailed study on solvent-driven BP diffusion providing results essential to successful surface treatment. We also identified and investigated photoinitiator inhibition by oxygen and provide appropriate mitigation strategies.
Prenatal RHD gene determination and dosage analysis by PCR: clinical evaluation (2001)

The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of using PCR in a clinical setting. It verifies the importance of testing more than one region of the gene, and also the need for a testing strategy where both maternal and paternal testing for RHD gene dosages are performed.
Tilted cat helmet-mounted display (1990)

A new 50° x 60° field of view helmet-mounted display (HMD) with a tilted catadioptric combiner has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The tilted cat display concept allows a wide-FOV display to be designed that has a 3:1 display brightness improvement over the conventional folded catadioptric approach, provides a similar improvement in combiner seethrough transmissions, and requires only a small tilt on the optically powered combiner that minimizes the complexity of the optics. Large-FOV HMDs with see-through capability require tilted, optically powered surfaces with complex optical systems for the display projection and relay. The optical performance of a tilted, optically powered element becomes more asymmetric as the tilt increases, and to maintain a resultant wellresolved symmetric display image, additional nonsymmetric, tilted, decentered lens elements are required. The tilted cat combiner permits a practical display optical system to be defined for a 60° FOV. The highresolution performance levels of the smaller FOV displays were obtained, with the resolution limited only by the CRT's resolution. A summary of the design considerations, development process, and demonstrated performance data for the 60° tilted cat HMD are presented.
BASC, a super complex of BRCA1-associated proteins involved in the recognition and repair of aberrant DNA structures (2000)

We report the identities of the members of a group of proteins that associate with BRCA1 to form a large complex that we have named BASC (BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex). This complex includes tumor suppressors and DNA damage repair proteins MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, ATM, BLM, and the RAD50-MRE11-NBS1 protein complex. In addition, DNA replication factor C (RFC), a protein complex that facilitates the loading of PCNA onto DNA, is also part of BASC. We find that BRCA1, the BLM helicase, and the RAD50-MRE11-NBS1 complex colocalize to large nuclear foci that contain PCNA when cells are treated with agents that interfere with DNA synthesis. The association of BRCA1 with MSH2 and MSH6, which are required for transcription-coupled repair, provides a possible explanation for the role of BRCA1 in this pathway. Strikingly, all members of this complex have roles in recognition of abnormal DNA structures or damaged DNA, suggesting that BASC may serve as a sensor for DNA damage. Several of these proteins also have roles in DNA replication-associated repair. Collectively, these results suggest that BRCA1 may function as a coordinator of multiple activities required for maintenance of genomic integrity during the process of DNA replication and point to a central role for BRCA1 in DNA repair.
Structure-absorption relationships of a series of 6-fluoroquinolones (1997)

The physicochemical constants and some structural parameters (topological, steric, and electronic) of eight third-generation monofluorate quinolones (six uncommercialized and two used clinically [ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin]) were determined: pKa, intrinsic solubility (S0), chromatographic capacity factor, partition coefficient (P), valency molecular connectivity, molecular volume, molecular surface area, dipolar moment, and charges associated with each atom of the molecule. The apparent intestinal absorption rate constants (K(abs)) in rat (in vivo perfusion) and the MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) against 100 Escherichia coli strains were also determined. We sought to establish simple nonlinear and multiple linear correlations between K(abs), on the one hand, and lipophilic parameters and other physicochemical and structural parameters estimated. Of the nonlinear functions examined, the hyperbolic had the best correlation between K(abs) and P, which was in accordance with the Wagner-Sedman (J. G. Wagner and A. J. Sedman, J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 1:23-50, 1973) equation, whereas, after application of the stepwise multiple linear regression method, a multiple linear correlation with some predictive value could be established only between K(abs) as a dependent variable and log P and log S0 as independent variables. In conclusion, the K(abs) and MIC90 of the quinolone CNV 8902 suggest that it is a sufficiently interesting compound to warrant the investigation of its potential therapeutic use orally.
Exploring the Cooperativity of the Fast Folding Reaction of a Small Protein Using Pulsed Thiol Labeling and Mass Spectrometry (2007)

It has been difficult to obtain directly residue-specific information on side chain packing during a fast (ms) protein folding reaction. Such information is necessary to determine the extent to which structural changes in different parts of the protein molecule are coupled together in defining the cooperativity of the overall folding transition. In this study, structural changes occurring during the major fast folding reaction of the small protein barstar have been characterized at the level of individual residue side chains. A pulsed cysteine labeling methodology has been employed in conjunction with mass spectrometry. This provides, with ms temporal resolution, direct information on structure formation at 10 different locations in barstar during its folding. Cysteine residues located on the surface of native barstar, at four different positions, remain fully solvent-accessible throughout the folding process, indicating the absence of any ephemeral nonnative structure in which these four cysteine residues get transiently buried. For buried cysteine residues, the rates of the change in cysteine-thiol accessibility to rapid chemical labeling by the thiol reagent methyl methanethiosulfonate appear to be dependent upon the location of the cysteine residue in the protein and are different from the rate measured by the change in tryptophan fluorescence. But the rates vary over only a 3-fold range. Nevertheless, a comparison of the kinetics of the change in accessibility of the cysteine 3 thiol with those of the change in the fluorescence of tryptophan 53, as well as of their denaturant dependences, indicates that the major folding reaction comprises more than one step.
Influence of Selective Fluorination on the Biological Activity and Proteolytic Stability of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (2008)

The relative simplicity and high specificity of peptide therapeutics has fueled recent interest. However, peptide and protein drugs generally require injection and suffer from low metabolic stability. We report here the design, synthesis, and characterization of fluorinated analogues of the gut hormone peptide, GLP-1. Overall, fluorinated GLP-1 analogues displayed higher proteolytic stability with simultaneous retention of biological activity (efficacy). Fluorinated amino acids are useful for engineering peptide drug candidates and probing ligand-receptor interactions.
Telemedicine a need for ethical and legal guidelines in South Africa : original research (2008)

Background: Telemedicine is viewed as a new way of offering medical services. It is seen as a means of overcoming the growing shortage of health practitioners in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to highlight the need for the formulation of guidelines for the ethical practice of telemedicine in South Africa. 
Methods: Full-length, peer-reviewed journal papers were obtained for review by searching the electronic databases Pubmed, CINAHL and CAB International, using the Boolean-linked keywords ethics AND telemedicine, ethics AND telecare, ethics AND telehealth, and ethics AND ehealth. Additional searches were made of Google Scholar using the same search strategies, and of the web pages of national telemedicine associations. 
Results: A total of 152 relevant papers were identified. Twenty-one telemedicine guidelines were obtained. Only four countries and one international association have developed ethical guidelines. Several medical disciplines have established national guidelines for their speciality. Common ethical issues identified include the doctor-patient relationship, informed consent, confidentiality, data security, adequacy of records, data standards and quality, clinical competence, licensure and medical responsibility. These are discussed with reference to the developing world where appropriate. 
Conclusion: Resource constraints and other issues relevant to developing countries may require the formulation of guidelines that do not necessarily conform with those of the developed world. It is in the interests of patients and practitioners that ethical guidelines for the practice of telemedicine are developed for South Africa. If telemedicine is to be used to overcome shortages of health practitioners, it is important that contentious issues are resolved in a pragmatic way that is appropriate to our circumstances and in the best interests of the majority of our population.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Versus Twice-Daily Loratadine-Pseudoephedrine Combinations Versus Placebo in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (1998)

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Claritin-D 24 Hour (once daily) with that of Claritin-D 12 Hour (twice daily) and placebo in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 469 patients with moderate-to-severe SAR symptoms were treated for 2 weeks with one of the following: Claritin-D 24 Hour (a combination tablet formulation of loratadine 10 mg in the coating and pseudoephedrine sulfate 240 mg in an extended-release core), Claritin-D 12 Hour (a combination tablet formulation of loratadine 5 mg in the tablet coating and 120 mg pseudoephedrine sulfate, 60 mg in the coating and 60 mg in the core), or placebo. Claritin-D 24 Hour and Claritin-D 12 Hour were consistently superior to placebo (P < 0.01) in reducing total, nasal, and nonnasal symptom scores. Patients in the Claritin-D 24 Hour and Claritin-D 12 Hour groups also had significantly greater (P </= 0.05) relief of rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness as compared with placebo. Insomnia was reported significantly more often (P < 0.01) in Claritin-D 12 Hour (15%) patients compared with Claritin-D 24 Hour (4%) and placebo (2%) patients. Dry mouth was reported significantly more often (P < 0.05) in Claritin-D 24 Hour (13%) and Claritin-D 12 Hour (13%) groups compared with placebo (4%). Claritin-D 24 Hour has efficacy comparable to Claritin-D 12 Hour in relieving allergic rhinitis symptoms while producing significantly less insomnia.
Wound Dressings: An Advanced Multifunctional Hydrogel‐Based Dressing for Wound Monitoring and Drug Delivery (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 19/2017) (2017)

Wound management is a major global challenge and poses a significant financial burden to the healthcare system. In article 1700718, Mohsen Akbari and co-workers develop an advanced multifunctional dressing (GelDerm) capable of colorimetric measurement of pH, an indicator of bacterial infection, and release of antibiotic agents at the wound site. GelDerm makes wound care easier and less painful to the patient, and more cost-effective for the healthcare system.