gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
16S rRNA Gene Sequencing as a Clinical Diagnostic Aid for Gastrointestinal-related Conditions (2016)

Abstract Accurate detection of the microorganisms underlying gut dysbiosis in the patient is critical to initiate the appropriate treatment. However, most clinical microbiology techniques used to detect gut bacteria were developed over a century ago and rely on culture-based approaches that are often laborious, unreliable, and subjective. Further, culturing does not scale well for multiple targets and detects only a minority of the microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here we present a clinical test for gut microorganisms based on targeted sequencing of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. We tested 46 clinical prokaryotic targets in the human gut, 28 of which can be identified by a bioinformatics pipeline that includes sequence analysis and taxonomic annotation. Using microbiome samples from a cohort of 897 healthy individuals, we established a reference range defining clinically relevant relative levels for each of the 28 targets. Our assay accurately quantified all 28 targets and correctly reflected 38/38 verification samples of real and synthetic stool material containing known pathogens. Thus, we have established a new test to interrogate microbiome composition and diversity, which will improve patient diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. More broadly, our test will facilitate epidemiological studies of the microbiome as it relates to overall human health and disease.
No, There Is No 150 ms Lead of Visual Speech on Auditory Speech, but a Range of Audiovisual Asynchronies Varying from Small Audio Lead to Large Audio Lag (2014)

An increasing number of neuroscience papers capitalize on the assumption published in this journal that visual speech would be typically 150 ms ahead of auditory speech. It happens that the estimation of audiovisual asynchrony in the reference paper is valid only in very specific cases, for isolated consonant-vowel syllables or at the beginning of a speech utterance, in what we call "preparatory gestures". However, when syllables are chained in sequences, as they are typically in most parts of a natural speech utterance, asynchrony should be defined in a different way. This is what we call "comodulatory gestures" providing auditory and visual events more or less in synchrony. We provide audiovisual data on sequences of plosive-vowel syllables (pa, ta, ka, ba, da, ga, ma, na) showing that audiovisual synchrony is actually rather precise, varying between 20 ms audio lead and 70 ms audio lag. We show how more complex speech material should result in a range typically varying between 40 ms audio lead and 200 ms audio lag, and we discuss how this natural coordination is reflected in the so-called temporal integration window for audiovisual speech perception. Finally we present a toy model of auditory and audiovisual predictive coding, showing that visual lead is actually not necessary for visual prediction.
X86 Assembly Language and C Fundamentals (2013)

The predominant language used in embedded microprocessors, assembly language lets you write programs that are typically faster and more compact than programs written in a high-level language and provide greater control over the program applications. Focusing on the languages used in X86 microprocessors, X86 Assembly Language and C Fundamentals expl
Influence of monomer structure on chemo‐ and stereoselectivity of 1,3‐diene polymerization (1995)

Abstract MAO/CpTiCl 3 is an active catalyst for the polymerization of various types of 1,3‐dienes. Butadiene, (E) ‐ and (Z) −1,3‐pentadiene, (E) −2‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene and 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene yield, at room temperature, polymers with a cis‐1,4 or a mixed cis/1,2 structure. 4‐Methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene and (E,E) −2,4‐hexadiene give, respectively, a 1,2 syndiotactic and a trans‐1,4/1,2 polymer. MAO/CpTiCl 2 ·2THF and MAO/(CpTiCl 2 ) n are less active than the CpTiCl 3 catalyst, but give the same type of polymers. A change of stereospecificity with temperature was observed in the polymerization of (Z)‐1,3‐pentadiene: a cis‐1,4 isotactic polymer was obtained at +20°C, and a crystalline 1,2 syndiotactic polymer at −20°C. This effect was attributed to a different mode of coordination of the monomer, which is cis‐η 4 at +20°C and may be trans‐η 2 at −20°C. Results obtained with catalysts from CpTi(OBu) 3 and Ti(OBu) 4 are reported for comparison. An interpretation is given of the formation of cis‐1,4 isotactic poly(2‐methylpentadiene) and of 1,2 syndiotactic poly(4‐methylpentadiene), as well as of syndiotactic polystyrene.
Effective Subblock-Based and Pixel-Based Fast Direction Detections for H.264 Intra Prediction (2008)

In H.264/AVC intra-frame coding, the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is employed to select the optimal coding mode to achieve the minimum rate-distortion cost. Due to a large number of combinations of coding modes, the computational burden becomes extremely high in intra-prediction. In this paper, we propose two fast, efficient but reliable direction detection algorithms by computing subblock and pixel direction differences. Both proposed methods effectively estimate the edge direction inside the block to narrow down the predictive modes to reduce the RDO computation. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can reduce the encoding time by about 60% with negligible loss of coding performance. For hardware realization, a fast mode decision VLSI circuit for intra-prediction with the silicon core size of 0.12 times 0.12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 0.18-mum CMOS technology is implemented. The fast mode decision VLSI in three-stage pipelined architecture operated at 173 MHz can encode 30 fps real-time videos up to Level 5.
Enteric Septicemia Resistance in Blue Catfish and Three Channel Catfish Strains (1994)

Seven full-sib families in each of three strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (mean weight, 10.7 g; SD, 2.6 g) and one family of blue catfish I. furcatus (mean, 10.9 g; SD, 0.4 g) were challenged by immersion with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia, to evaluate variation in disease resistance. Blue catfish were resistant to infection and had only 0.7% mortality. Significant (P < 0.001) variation in channel catfish resistance was found among strains, families, and body weights. Red River strain channel catfish were the most resistant (14.9% mortality), followed by Mississippi-select fish (67.1%) and Mississippi-normal fish (72.3%). Mean family mortality of channel catfish ranged from 1.3% in a Red River family to 95.3% in a Mississippi-select family. Although weight had a significant effect on survival, the regression slope of survival on weight was −0.10 (SE, 0.02). Sources of variation in channel catfish mortality adjusted for weight were 67.3% from strains, 29.7% from families, and 3.0% from replicate tanks. The mechanism for differential resistance presently is unknown. Results indicate considerable potential for reducing disease losses by using E. ictaluri-resistant catfish strains in aquaculture and for genetic improvement in resistance via selective breeding programs.
Extension-Twist Coupling Optimization in Composite Rotor Blades (2005)

In a tiltrotor aircraft the difference in the inflow and the rotor speeds between hover and forward flight modes necessitates different blade twist and chord distributions. A passive blade twist control design, referred to as The Sliding Mass Concept (SMC), has been previously proposed by the authors for performance improvement of a tiltrotor aircraft. In this paper a multibody dynamics code, DYMORE, together with a cross-sectional analysis tool, SVABS, have been used to accurately model the proposed system. The performance improvement envelopes determined through the multibody dynamics process predict approximately 6% reduction in hover power requirement with no significant improvement in forward flight performance. An optimization process based on the Simulated Annealing method was utilized to improve the hover performance of the XV15 baseline design by maximizing extension-twist coupling of the structure with constraints on the airfoil geometry and torsional stiffness. The analysis resulted in 4.4% improvement in hover performance for 1.0 kg/m sliding mass value without any additional weight penalty compared to the baseline design. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the concept and show the additional flexibility the sliding mass provides for performance improvement of the vehicle.
Alu-element insertion in an OPA1 intron sequence associated with autosomal dominant optic atrophy. (2010)

The predicted consequence of this mutation is the loss of the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of OPA1. Alu insertions have been reported in the literature as causing human genetic disease. However, this is the first report of a pathogenic OPA1 gene mutation resulting from an Alu insertion.
The correlation between the presence of viremia and clinical severity in patients with enterovirus 71 infection: a multi-center cohort study (2014)

Viremia occurred more frequently in children under the age of one year and viremia detected beyond three days after the onset of disease correlated with more severe disease in EV71 patients.
Fourth World Antibody-Drug Conjugate Summit (2012)

The 4th World Antibody Drug Conjugate (WADC) Summit, organized by Hanson Wade was held on February 29‑March 1, 2012 in Frankfurt, Germany, which was also the location for the Antibody Drug Conjugate Summit Europe held in February 2011. During the one year between these meetings, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have confirmed their technological maturity and their clinical efficacy in oncology. Brentuximab vedotin (ADCETRIS (TM) ) gained approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in August 2011 and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) confirmed impressive clinical efficacy responses in a large cohort of breast cancer patients. During the 4th WADC meeting, antibody-maytansinoid conjugates were showcased by representatives of ImmunoGen (T-DM1, SAR3419, lorvotuzumab mertansine/IMGN801, IMGN529 and IMG853) and Biotest (BT-062). Data on antibody-auristatin conjugates were presented by scientists and clinicians from Seattle Genetics and Takeda (brentuximab vedotin), Pfizer (5T4-MMAF), Agensys/Astella (AGS-16M8F), Progenics (PSMA-ADC) and Genmab (anti-TF ADCs). Alternative payloads such as calicheamicins and duocarmycin used for preparation of ADCs were discussed by Pfizer and Synthon representatives, respectively. In addition, emerging technologies, including site-directed conjugation (Ambrx), a protein toxin as payload (Viventia), hapten-binding bispecific antibodies (Roche), and use of light activated drugs (Photobiotics), were also presented. Last but not least, progresses in solving Chemistry Manufacturing and Control, and pharmacokinetic issues were addressed by scientists from Genentech, Pfizer, Novartis and Pierre Fabre.
Quantitative neoplastic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts: dependence upon the size of the initiated cell colony at confluence. (1983)

The efficiency of transformation of C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts by chemical or physical carcinogens varies inversely with the seeding density of the cells. Colony size at confluence, accumulated cell generations, and epigenetic events independent of seeding density have been proposed to explain this variability. By controlling the total number and colony size (i.e., cells/colony) of initiated cells at confluence and their accumulated cell generations, we have determined that (a) the colony size of the initiated cells at confluence is directly related to the expression of the transformed phenotype, (b) the probability that an initiated cell will form a colony of transforming cells does not vary with the accumulation of large numbers of cell generations, and (c) the total number of initiated cells in a confluent culture does not determine the number of transformed foci formed. We have developed a mathematical representation which, when applied to our results and the published results from other laboratories, clearly describes the relationship between the size of the initiated cell colony at confluence and the expression of the transformed phenotype. These results have significant implications in the quantification of the transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells by chemical and physical carcinogens.
The Consequences of Accepting Conditions as Part of a Grant of Resource Consent (1997)

The case study of Mora is illuminating in its analysis of the principles of estoppel. The decision in Mora is a manifestation of the principle that the Court will prevent a party from going back on that party's words.
Autologous white blood cell infusion for trauma, brain trauma, stroke and select immune dysfunction co-morbidities: A promising and timely proposal? (2018)

All traumas suppress the immune system, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. Infections, poor nutritional status, chronic illness, fatigue, therapies or procedures performed during and after transport also negatively affect the immune system. Large populations are impacted by trauma worldwide and suffer enormous costs in both direct and indirect expenditures from physical, psychological and functional losses. Most therapies and studies of trauma, brain trauma, stroke, immune suppression and their co-morbidities do not address nor discuss methods that promote immune system resuscitation or efficacy to support its role in post-trauma healing and rehabilitation. These omissions present an opportunity for using autologous stored naïve (unexposed to the current trauma and co-morbidities) white blood cell infusions (autologous white blood cell infusion) (AWBCI) to supplement treatment of most traumas, trauma-associated infections, other co-morbidities and immune suppression derived problems in order to improve the global standard of trauma care. We hypothesize to give the traumatized patients back their own immune system that has been 'stored' in some fashion, either cryogenically or just after or during the trauma event [surgery, etc for example]. We emphasize that other treatments should not be replaced - rather we suggest AWBCI as concurrent therapy. We present focused select animal and human studies as proofs of concept to arrive at and support our therapeutic suggestion and hypotheses, flowing historically from donor white blood cell therapy [DLI] to close cohort white blood cell therapy to autologous white blood cell infusion [AWBCI]. We integrate the concept of personalized medicine from an evidence-based framework while maintaining scientific rigor and statistical proof as a basis of our hypotheses.
Circuit breaker operational health assessment via condition monitoring data (2014)

This paper presents a practical approach to evaluation of the operational health and reliability of circuit breakers in substations. Motivated by the recent failure surveys conducted by CIGRE working groups, circuit breaker condition data, obtained by monitoring critical parameters such as operational timings, tank gas pressure and temperature, mechanism traveling time and speed, etc., is used to evaluate the proposed health index. The proposed measure would help identify the transmission lines available for switching actions from the circuit breaker reliability view point. The proposed health index also provides a valuable input for substation maintenance personnel. The applicability of the proposed methodology is explored and validated using the actual circuit breaker condition data collected in the field.
Evidence that binding of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase to membranes in rat hepatocytes is modulated by the ratio of bilayer- to non-bilayer-forming lipids (1993)

The mechanism by which phospholipase C (PLC) digestion of cultured cells mediates binding of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase to cellular membranes was investigated. Incubation of choline-depleted rat hepatocytes with PLC caused a translocation of enzyme from cytosol to membranes concomitant with a decrease in the concentration of phosphatidylcholine with no effect on the concentration of other phospholipids. Removal of PLC and supplementation with choline restored the amount of phosphatidylcholine in the cells and translocated cytidylyltransferase to the cytosol. However, when phosphatidylcholine levels were decreased by incubation with phospholipase A2 (PLA2), there was no significant redistribution of cytidylyltransferase activity. With PLA2 the concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine, as well as of phosphatidylcholine, was significantly decreased. Since PLC, but not phospholipase A2, raised the cellular concentration of diacylglycerol, possibly diacylglycerol mediated the binding of cytidylyltransferase to membranes. This possibility was examined, but is unlikely, since addition of lysophosphatidylcholine to PLC-treated cells restored the concentration of phosphatidylcholine and released cytidylyltransferase into the cytosol, but did not lower diacylglycerol levels to normal values. Studies in vitro, incubations of cells with choline analogues and a survey of the literature suggested that the over-riding common factor in regulation of cytidylyltransferase binding to membranes may be the ratio of bilayer to non-bilayer lipids in that membrane.
A Divisive Hierarchical Structural Clustering Algorithm for Networks (2007)

Many systems in sciences, engineering and nature can be modeled as networks. Examples are internet, metabolic networks and social networks. Network clustering algorithms aimed to find hidden structures from networks are important to make sense of complex networked data. In this paper we present a new clustering method for networks. The proposed algorithm can find hierarchical structure of clusters without requiring any input parameters. The experiments using real data demonstrate an outstanding performance of the new method.
A generic embedded real-time monitor subsystem (1990)

Article Free Access Share on A generic embedded real-time monitor subsystem Author: Ray Ford Department of Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas Department of Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KansasView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSC '90: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM annual conference on CooperationJanuary 1990 Pages 312–318https://doi.org/10.1145/100348.100397Published:01 January 1990Publication History 0citation270DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads270Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Method of Preventing Buffer Overflow Attacks by Intercepting DLL Functions (2005)

The way of intercepting Windows DLL functions against buffer overflow attacks is evaluated. It's produced at the expense of hooking vulnerable DLL functions by addition of check code. If the return address in the stack belongs to a heap or stack page, the call is from illicit code and the program is terminated. The signature of malicious code is recorded, so it is possible for the next attack to be filtered out. The return-into-libc attacks are detected by comparing the entry address of DLL functions with the overwritten return address in the stack. The presented method interrupts the execution of malicious code and prevents the system from being hijacked when these intercepted DLL functions are invoked in the context of buffer overflow.
Reversible Single Crystal to Single Crystal Transformation through Fe−O(H)Me/Fe−OH<sub>2</sub> Bond Formation/Bond Breaking in a Gas−Solid Reaction at an Ambient Condition (2007)

A single crystal of an iron compound containing a Fe−OH2 bond, on exposure to methanol vapor at an ambient condition, transforms to another single crystal with the formation of a Fe−O(H)Me covalent bond at the cost of breaking the Fe−OH2 bond. The methanol complex, upon exposure to atmospheric water vapor at room temperature, goes back to an original water-coordinated complex. The full reversibility of this gas−solid system was established by X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy.
Test suite reduction with selective redundancy (2005)

Software testing is a critical part of software development. Test suite sizes may grow significantly with subsequent modifications to the software over time. Due to time and resource constraints for testing, test suite minimization techniques attempt to remove those test cases from the test suite that have become redundant over time since the requirements covered by them are also covered by other test cases in the test suite. Prior work has shown that test suite minimization techniques can severely compromise the fault detection effectiveness of test suites. In this paper, we present a novel approach to test suite reduction that attempts to selectively keep redundant tests in the reduced suites. We implemented our technique by modifying an existing heuristic for test suite minimization. Our experiments show that our approach can significantly improve the fault detection effectiveness of reduced suites without severely affecting the extent of test suite size reduction.
Heat Transfer Correlation for Anti-icing Systems (2002)

Nomenclature Aimp = total area of jet impingement a;b;c = constants C = constant Cp = specie c heat capacity of air Cx = distance between the holes d = hole diameter G = mass e ow per unit area of impingement h = heat transfer coefe cient N = average heat transfer coefe cient, q=Aimp.Tpiccolo i N Tlipskin) L = length of nozzle N = number of holes Nu = local Nusselt number Nu = average Nusselt number Pr = Prandtl number q = heat transfer from impinging air, w £Cp £.Tpiccolo i N Texhaust/£3600 Re = Reynolds number based on hole diameter, .w=Nholes/£.d=Aholeπ/ ReG = Reynolds number based on impingement area, 4Gd=oπ T = temperature N T = average temperature w = mass e ow rate Zn = perpendicular distance from hole to lipskin µ = jet impingement angle π = dynamic Viscosity
X-Ray Absorption and Emission (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-Ray Absorption and EmissionHerman A. Liebhafsky, Earl H. Winslow, and Heinz G. PfeifferCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 5, 240–248Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60161a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60161a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts