gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic distinctiveness of Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome (1984)

Twenty Staphylococcus aureus strains from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and 20 from control patients (non-TSS) with infection but no clinical evidence of TSS were compared phenotypically in a collaborative, blinded, randomized study. TSS strains were significantly (P less than 0.05) more likely than non-TSS strains to produce various previously described but related toxic shock-associated proteins (pyrogenic exotoxin C, enterotoxin F, and TSS marker protein), as well as differing in other distinctive phenotypic characteristics, such as hemolysis, bacteriocin susceptibility, arsenate resistance, pigment production, and casein proteolysis. TSS strains were significantly less likely to carry plasmids than control strains. A combination of two variables--proteolysis and toxic shock-associated protein production--statistically accounted for all other phenotypic variations between TSS and non-TSS strains. Only proteolysis covaried with all other significant variables, suggesting a primary role in the phenotypic distinctiveness of TSS S. aureus strains and possibly in the pathogenesis of TSS.
Prevention of non‐contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sports. Part II: systematic review of the effectiveness of prevention programmes in male athletes (2013)

Data regarding the effectiveness of prevention programmes to reduce ACL injuries or to modify risk factors for ACL injuries in male athletes are scarce and not conclusive. Future research to better determine the most effective approaches to optimize the effectiveness of prevention programmes targeted to reduce ACL injuries in male athletes is warranted.
Non‐A, non‐b hepatitis: identification of hepatitis‐b‐like virus particles in serum and liver (1980)

Hepatitis B virus-like particles including: small spheres and filaments 15--25 nm in diameter together with a 35--40 nm Dane particle-like virion have been identified in sera of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. In a coded serological study, such particles were detected transiently in 3/4 acute, and persistently in 7/8 chronic cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis with non-A, non-B antigenemia. Only 2/12 similar cases without non-A, non-B antigens (Ag) in serum had detectable particles but neither patients with drugs, or type A hepatitis, nor cases of obstructive jaundice. The particles did not express hepatitis B surface (HBs) or non-A, non-B Ag at their surface but were associated, in three patients, with significant endogenous DNA polymerase activity. Furthermore, particles similar to hepatitis B cores (BHc) and also associated with DNA polymerase activity were demonstrated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of a liver homogenate obtained from a patient who had died of non-A, non-B hepatitis. The non-A, non-B hepatitis virion described here appears, therefore, as a hepatitis B-like virus. The exact kinship between these two agents is currently being investigated.
The influence of filament arrangement on current distribution and AC loss in Bi-2223/Ag tapes (2004)

State-of-the-art deforming techniques allow the preparation of composite Bi-2223/Ag tapes with well controlled filament arrangement. This would allow tailoring of the tape's electromagnetic properties according to specific applications. We studied the possibility to reduce, through a suitable filament ordering, the hysteresis losses caused by an external magnetic field perpendicular to the tape's wide face. For this purpose, the distribution of shielding electrical currents in multifilamentary superconducting arrays, as a response to a perpendicular AC magnetic field, was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. We show that due to optimizing of filament arrangement, the hysteresis loss can be suppressed by one order of magnitude.
Apresentação e introdução (2016)

Apresentamos ao leitor um volume particularmente “especial” para o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Vernáculas, por meio do qual celebramos a valiosa contribuição científica de docentes titulares do programa ao mundo das Letras.
A time-based VLSI potentiostat for ion current measurements (2006)

A time-based CMOS integrated potentiostatic control circuit has been designed and fabricated. The design maintains a constant bias potential between the reference and working electrodes for an amperometric chemical sensor. A technique of converting input currents into time for amperometric measurements is proposed. This technique eliminates current amplifying circuitry, reduces matching problems, and increases dynamic range while saving on area and power consumption. Redox currents ranging from 1 pA to 200 nA can be measured with a maximum nonlinearity of /spl plusmn/0.1% over this range. The design can be used to generate cyclic voltammograms for an electrochemical reaction by sweeping the voltages across a range specified by the user. Analog inputs are processed and digital outputs are generated without requiring a power-hungry A/D converter. A prototype chip has been fabricated in the 0.5-/spl mu/m AMI CMOS process. Experimental results are reported showing the performance of the circuit as a chemical sensor.
Ecological Interface Design: Progress and Challenges (2002)

Ecological interface design (EID) is a theoretical framework for designing human-computer interfaces for complex sociotechnical systems. Its primary aim is to support knowledge workers in adapting to change and novelty. This literature review shows that in situations requiring problem solving, EID improves performance when compared with current design approaches in industry. EID has been applied to industry-scale problems in a broad variety of application domains (e.g., process control, aviation, computer network management, software engineering, medicine, command and control, and information retrieval) and has consistently led to the identification of new information requirements. An experimental evaluation of EID using a full-fidelity simulator with professional workers has yet to be conducted, although some are planned. Several significant challenges remain as obstacles to the confident use of EID in industry. Promising paths for addressing these outstanding issues are identified. Actual or potential applications of this research include improving the safety and productivity of complex sociotechnical systems.
Latency to paroxetine‐induced anxiolysis in the rat is reduced by co‐administration of the 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor antagonist WAY100635 (2000)

We report here the use of rat high-light social interaction to model the temporal anxiolytic/antidepressant effects of SSRIs seen in the clinic. Compared to vehicle controls, 21, but not 14, days of paroxetine treatment (3 mg kg(-1), p.o., daily) produced a marked increase in rat social interaction (Vehicle=71.3+/-7.3 s; Paroxetine=116.7+/-14.7 s; P<0.01) with no concurrent effect on locomotor activity, consistent with anxiolysis. To assess whether concurrent 5-HT(1A) receptor blockade reduces the time to onset of anxiolysis seen with paroxetine alone (21 days), rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps to continuously infuse the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635 (1 mg kg(-1) day(-1), s.c., 7 days) alone or in combination with paroxetine (3 mg kg(-1), p.o., daily, 7 days), prior to anxiety testing. Paroxetine (Veh/Par=61.9+/-7.9 s) or WAY100635 (WAY/Veh=71.6+/-4.7 s) alone, had no effect on social interaction time compared to vehicle treated controls (Veh/Veh=76.4+/-4.9 s), whilst coadministration of WAY100635 with paroxetine, produced a marked elevation in social interaction (WAY/Par=149.3+/-16.8 s; P<0.01) relative to all other groups with no concurrent change in locomotor activity. In contrast, acute administration of WAY100635 (0.03 mg kg(-1), s.c.) with paroxetine (3 mg kg(-1), p.o.) did not alter any behavioural measure, suggesting that the anxiolysis induced by the combination after 7 days is attributable to a CNS adaptive response. This data demonstrates that coadministration of a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist with paroxetine markedly reduces the latency to anxiolysis, in the rat. This study supports the use of the rat social interaction test to further delineate adaptive changes in the CNS responsible for the anxiolytic/antidepressant action of SSRIs seen in humans.
The New Statistical Analysis of Data (2000)

The new statistical analysis of data , The new statistical analysis of data , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Gas field ion source from an Ir∕W⟨111⟩ single-atom tip (2008)

We show that a thermally stable Ir∕W⟨111⟩ single-atom tip is a very good point ion source for rare gases (He, Ar) and reactive gases (H2, O2). The ion beams are emitted from the topmost atom with a very small opening angle (&lt;1°) and, most importantly, they exhibit high brightness. In addition, the ion currents are very stable. These good properties together with the long lifetime of the tip and the reliable tip preparation method make this tip especially suitable for applications in gas field ion source focused ion beam systems.
Structural Parameters of Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine Lamellar Phases and Bilayer Phase Transitions (1978)

Thicknesses d l of the lipid bilayer and d w of the water layer were determined separately with X-rays for dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine lamellar phase. In both cases of the presence and the absence of excess water, d l does not change appreciably at the pretransition (35°C) but drops down by about 5 Å at the main transition (42°C) with increasing temperature. In the presence of excess water, d w jumps up by 4.0 Å at the pretransition and by 2.0 Å at the main transition. These results prove that there is practically no change of the tilting angle of hydrocarbon chains at the pretransition and that the remarkable increase of the repeat distance of the lamellar phase at the pretransition in the presence of excess water is caused by the increase of the thickness of the water layer.
Characterization of textile electrodes and conductors using standardized measurement setups (2010)

Textile electrodes and conductors are being developed and used in different monitoring scenarios, such as ECG or bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements. Compared to standard materials, conductive textile materials offer improved wearing comfort and enable long-term measurements. Unfortunately, the development and investigation of such materials often suffers from the non-reproducibility of the test scenarios. For example, the materials are generally tested on human skin which is difficult since the properties of human skin differ for each person and can change within hours. This study presents two test setups which offer reproducible measurement procedures for the systematic analysis of textile electrodes and conductors. The electrode test setup was designed with a special skin dummy which allows investigation of not only the electrical properties of textile electrodes but also the contact behavior between electrode and skin. Using both test setups, eight textile electrodes and five textile conductors were analyzed and compared.
Autonomic Networking: Definitions and Design Goals (2015)

Autonomic systems were first described in 2001. The fundamental goal
is self-management, including self-configuration, self-optimization,
self-healing, and self-protection. This is achieved by an autonomic
function having minimal dependencies on human administrators or
centralized management systems. It usually implies distribution across
network elements. This document defines common language and outlines
design goals (and what are not design goals) for autonomic functions.
A high-level reference model illustrates how functional elements in an
Autonomic Network interact. This document is a product of the
IRTF's Network Management Research Group.
Analog/RF performance of multiple gate SOI devices: wideband simulations and characterization (2006)

Multiple-gate devices, such as the planar double-gate (DG), triple-gate (TG), FinFET, Pi-Gate (PG), and Omega-Gate Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are potential candidates for achieving the performance targets of the International Roadmap of the Semiconductor Industry Association. In this paper, wideband experimental and three-dimensional simulation analyses have been carried out to compare the analog/RF performance of DG, TG/FinFET, PG, and single-gate (SG) SOI MOSFETs. The characteristics of the multiple-gate devices were analyzed in the dc and ac regimes from subthreshold region to strong inversion and saturation regions. In both regimes, the advantages and limitations of the multiple-gate devices over the SG structure are discussed for channel length scaling well below 100 nm. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first time that such extensive results and analyses are presented on the potential of these novel devices for high-frequency analog applications.
A CMOS low-power, high-speed, asynchronous comparator for synchronous rectification applications (2002)

A novel approach for the design of an asynchronous comparator implemented in standard digital CMOS technology for power supply applications is presented. The 1 mV sensitivity comparator is designed for asynchronous event detection, featuring a multi-stage topology for power efficiency and minimum propagation delay. It also contains a mixed-mode offset compensation architecture that allows full compensation in a single cycle. The comparator has been successfully used in the design of a very high frequency, 300 mA multi-mode PWM/PSM (Pulse Width Modulation/Pulse Skipping Mode) buck converter. The comparator is able to operate with a supply voltage as low as 2.4 V. Operating with a 3.6 V supply, under typical operating conditions, the comparator features a 19 ns delay consuming 161 /spl mu/W.
From PID to Active Disturbance Rejection Control (2009)

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) can be summarized as follows: it inherits from proportional-integral-derivative (PID) the quality that makes it such a success: the error driven, rather than model-based, control law; it takes from modern control theory its best offering: the state observer; it embraces the power of nonlinear feedback and puts it to full use; it is a useful digital control technology developed out of an experimental platform rooted in computer simulations. ADRC is made possible only when control is taken as an experimental science, instead of a mathematical one. It is motivated by the ever increasing demands from industry that requires the control technology to move beyond PID, which has dominated the practice for over 80 years. Specifically, there are four areas of weakness in PID that we strive to address: 1) the error computation; 2) noise degradation in the derivative control; 3) oversimplification and the loss of performance in the control law in the form of a linear weighted sum; and 4) complications brought by the integral control. Correspondingly, we propose four distinct measures: 1) a simple differential equation as a transient trajectory generator; 2) a noise-tolerant tracking differentiator; 3) the nonlinear control laws; and 4) the concept and method of total disturbance estimation and rejection. Together, they form a new set of tools and a new way of control design. Times and again in experiments and on factory floors, ADRC proves to be a capable replacement of PID with unmistakable advantage in performance and practicality, providing solutions to pressing engineering problems of today. With the new outlook and possibilities that ADRC represents, we further believe that control engineering may very well break the hold of classical PID and enter a new era, an era that brings back the spirit of innovations.
Security analysis of robust perceptual hashing (2008)

In this paper we considered the problem of security analysis of robust perceptual hashing in authentication application. The main goal of our analysis was to estimate the amount of trial efforts of the attacker, who is acting within the Kerckhoffs security principle, to reveal a secret key. For this purpose, we proposed to use Shannon equivocation that provides an estimate of complexity of the key search performed based on all available prior information and presented its application to security evaluation of particular robust perceptual hashing algorithms.
Permanent Mold Casting (2008)

Abstract This article provides information on metals that can be cast in permanent molds. It discusses the manual and automatic operations, design guidelines, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the casting. The article describes the number of factors considered when designing and building the molds. It examines the effect of mold design on mold life. The article outlines the primary purposes, procedure, and application of mold coatings. The variables that determine mold temperature and control measures associated with mold temperature are reviewed. The article explains the effect of short-term and long-term variables on the dimensional accuracy of permanent mold castings. It concludes with information on the factors of the surface finish on permanent mold castings.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Relays Metabolic Signals to Promote Cellular Regeneration (2016)

While sensing the cell environment, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) interacts with different pathways involved in cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes evidence suggesting that cellular regeneration in the context of aging and diseases can be modulated by AHR signaling on stem cells. New insights connect orphaned observations into AHR interactions with critical signaling pathways such as WNT to propose a role of this ligand-activated transcription factor in the modulation of cellular regeneration by altering pathways that nurture cellular expansion such as changes in the metabolic efficiency rather than by directly altering cell cycling, proliferation, or cell death. Targeting the AHR to promote regeneration might prove to be a useful strategy to avoid unbalanced disruptions of homeostasis that may promote disease and also provide biological rationale for potential regenerative medicine approaches.
Design and Fabrication of a Soft Robotic Hand With Embedded Actuators and Sensors (2015)

This paper details the design and fabrication process of a fully integrated soft humanoid robotic hand with five finger that integrate an embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator and a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) flexure sensor. Several challenges including precise control of the SMA actuator, improving power efficiency, and reducing actuation current and response time have been addressed. First, a Ni-Ti SMA strip is pretrained to a circular shape. Second, it is wrapped with a Ni-Cr resistance wire that is coated with thermally conductive and electrically isolating material. This design significantly reduces actuation current, improves circuit efficiency, and hence reduces response time and increases power efficiency. Third, an antagonistic SMA strip is used to improve the shape recovery rate. Fourth, the SMA actuator, the recovery SMA strip, and a flexure sensor are inserted into a 3D printed mold which is filled with silicon rubber materials. The flexure sensor feeds back the finger shape for precise control. Fifth, a demolding process yields a fully integrated multifunctional soft robotic finger. We also fabricated a hand assembled with five fingers and a palm. We measured its performance and specifications with experiments. We demonstrated its capability of grasping various kinds of regular or irregular objects. The soft robotic hand is very robust and has a large compliance, which makes it ideal for use in an unstructured environment. It is inherently safe to human operators as it can withstand large impacts and unintended contacts without causing any injury to human operators or damage to the environment.
A Transistor Shift Register and Serial Adder (1952)

A small set of basic functions, such as binary memory and elementary binary logic, can be remarkably versatile; such functions are important in switching and computing. This paper describes a piece of computing equipment which can store a pair of binary numbers and add them, producing the sum a digit at a time. The equipment is built from a basic set of functional blocks, all of which are designed around transistors. This set of building blocks consists of a binary cell, a pulse amplifier, a pulse amplifier with delay, and logic circuits. The binary cell is a flip-flop; amplifiers are monostable circuits, and logic is performed in diode gates. Some interesting special features arise from the use of transistors. These features are discussed and the designs are evaluated.
Protective effects of ranolazine in guinea‐pig hearts during low‐flow ischaemia and their association with increases in active pyruvate dehydrogenase (1993)

1. In isolated Langendorff-perfused, electrically-paced, hearts of guinea-pigs, global low-flow-ischaemia (LFI; at 0.7 ml min-1) resulted in marked increases in the rates of release of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) over a 30 min period. At the end of the LFI period, tissue ATP content was significantly reduced from a control value of 11.8 +/- 0.8 (5) to 5.6 +/- 0.8 (5) mumol g-1 dry weight. 2. The presence of ranolazine [(+/-)-N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-4[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxy-phenoxyl)- propyl] - l-piperazine acetamide dihydro-chloride; RS-43285-193] at 10 microM, from 20 min prior to and during LFI, resulted in significant reductions in the release of lactate, LDH and CK during the ischaemic period and a significant preservation of tissue ATP (9.0 +/- 1.1 (6) mumol g-1 dry wt.). Ranolazine did not prevent the reductions in creatine phosphate or glycogen observed in LFI, nor did it have any significant effects on any contractile parameters before or during the LFI period. 3. Neither ranolazine nor LFI affected the total amounts of tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity; however, the significant reduction in the amount of active, non-phosphorylated PDH caused by LFI (from 88.2 +/- 5.5 to 44.2 +/- 3.2% of total activity) was partially but significantly prevented by ranolazine (67.2 +/- 6.8%). This effect of ranolazine on PDH may be part of the mechanism whereby the compound reduces lactate release and preserves tissue ATP during ischaemia.
Protection of Big Data Privacy (2016)

In recent years, big data have become a hot research topic. The increasing amount of big data also increases the chance of breaching the privacy of individuals. Since big data require high computational power and large storage, distributed systems are used. As multiple parties are involved in these systems, the risk of privacy violation is increased. There have been a number of privacy-preserving mechanisms developed for privacy protection at different stages (e.g., data generation, data storage, and data processing) of a big data life cycle. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the privacy preservation mechanisms in big data and present the challenges for existing mechanisms. In particular, in this paper, we illustrate the infrastructure of big data and the state-of-the-art privacy-preserving mechanisms in each stage of the big data life cycle. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future research directions related to privacy preservation in big data.