gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The treatment of port-wine stains with the pulsed dye laser at 600 nm (1997)

The standard wavelength in the treatment of port-wine stains (PWS) with the pulsed dye laser is 585 nm. In many cases, the response to therapy is not adequate despite many treatments, depending partly on vessels out of reach of the laser. Longer wavelengths penetrate deeper into the dermis, but are absorbed less by oxyhaemoglobin, and require higher fluences. In this study, 22 patients with PWS were treated with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser using two different wavelengths, 585 and 600 nm. Four adjacent sites with PWS were treated on one occasion with 585 nm, 600 nm and equal fluence, and with 1.5 and 2 times the 585 nm fluence. The test areas were examined blindly, by four evaluators, an average of 12.5 weeks later. There was significantly less lightening with 600 nm than with 585 nm (P < or = 0.001) when equal fluences were used. When 1.5 and 2 times the 585 nm fluence were applied, with 600 nm the lightening was equal to that after 585 nm. However, in individual cases (11 of 22) 600 nm showed a superior lightening of at least 20% compared to 585 nm. There was slight hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, but no atrophy or scarring. In conclusion, 585 nm remains the wavelength of choice in treatment of PWS with the pulsed dye laser. However, in cases that do not respond satisfactorily with 585 nm, it may be worth trying 600 nm with a fluence that is at least 1.5-2 times the 585 nm fluence.
Fabrication and characterization of waveguides in LiNbO 3 written with femtosecond laser pulses (2010)

The fabrication of waveguides inside transparent media using ultrashort laser pulses has gained a lot of interest during the past years. When femtosecond laser pulses are focused inside the bulk of transparent materials, the refractive-index change can be induced around the focal volume. In this paper, we demonstrate that embedded waveguides are fabricated from a computer-aided design file by scanning the focus spot in z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) using femtosecond laser pulses. The beam coupling in such waveguides is experimentally investigated. The coupling constant of the waveguide structure is obtained by measuring the ratio of output power of each waveguide.
Genetic-algorithm programming environments (1994)

This review classifies genetic-algorithm environments into application-oriented systems, algorithm-oriented systems, and toolkits. It also presents detailed case studies of leading environments. Following Holland's (1975) original genetic algorithm proposal, many variations of the basic algorithm have been introduced. However. an important and distinctive feature of all GAs is the population-handling technique. The original GA adopted a generational replacement policy, according to which the whole population is replaced in each generation. Conversely, the steady-state policy used by many subsequent GAs selectively replaces the population. After we introduce GA models and their programming, we present a survey of GA programming environments. We have grouped them into three major classes according to their objectives: application-oriented systems hide the details of GAs and help users develop applications for specific domains; algorithm-oriented systems are based on specific GA models; and toolkits are flexible environments for programming a range of GAs and applications. We review the available environments and describe their common features and requirements. As case studies, we select some specific systems for more detailed examination. To conclude, we discuss likely future developments in GA programming environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Binding and localization of recombinant lubricin to articular cartilage surfaces (2006)

Lubricin is a secreted, cytoprotective glycoprotein that contributes to the essential boundary lubrication mechanisms necessary for maintaining low friction levels at articular cartilage surfaces. Diminishment of lubricin function is thereby implicated as an adverse contributing factor in degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. Lubricin occurs as a soluble component of synovial fluid, and is synthesized and localized in the superficial layer of articular cartilage (and thus has also been described as "superficial zone protein", or SZP); however, defined interactions responsible for lubricin retention at this site are not well characterized. In the current studies, we identified molecular determinants that enable lubricin to effectively bind to articular cartilage surfaces. Efficient and specific binding to the superficial zone was observed for synovial lubricin, as well as for recombinant full-length lubricin and a protein construct comprising the lubricin C-terminal (hemopexin-like) domain (LUB-C, encoded by exons 7-12). A construct representing the N-terminal region of lubricin (LUB-N, encoded by exons 2-5) exhibited no appreciable cartilage-binding ability, but displayed the capacity to dimerize, and thus potentially influence lubricin aggregation. Disulfide bond disruption significantly attenuated recombinant lubricin and LUB-C binding to cartilage surfaces, demonstrating a requirement for protein secondary structure in facilitating the appropriate localization of lubricin at relevant tissue interfaces. These findings help identify additional key attributes contributing to lubricin functionality, which would be expected to be instrumental in maintaining joint homeostasis.
Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae: adhesion to isolated rabbit brush border membranes and hemagglutinating activity (1976)

Adhesion of vibrios to the small intestine may occur (i) by association of the bacteria with secreted mucus gel or (ii) by adherence of the bacteria to the surface of epithelial cells. In the present study, vibrios readily adhered to isolated brush border membranes obtained from rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. Adhesion was temperature dependent and required the presence of divalent cations such as calcium. The agglutination of human O erythrocytes by Vibrio cholerae was observed also, and the hemagglutination test appeared to detect the same mechanism that was involved in the adhesion of vibrios to brush borders. When the bacteria were grown in broth they were adhesive and hemagglutinating, but vibrios grown on agar plates or suspended in buffer for 15 min at 37 C lacked these abilities, even though they retained undiminished motility. These two model systems differed, however, in that strontium promoted only adhesion to brush borders. The significance of this difference remains to be determined. Vibrios were observed to penetrate intestinal mucus gel and occasionally to become entrapped in it. However, there was no evidence that vibrios attached to mucus gel.
A Novel Rearrangement of Epoxyalkyl Esters<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Rearrangement of Epoxyalkyl Esters1Wayne V. McConnell and William H. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 3, 822–827Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01038a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01038a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson Disease (2014)

Strong evidence supports using levodopa and dopamine agonists for motor symptoms at all stages of Parkinson disease. Dopamine agonists and drugs that block dopamine metabolism are effective for motor fluctuations and clozapine is effective for hallucinations. Cholinesterase inhibitors may improve symptoms of dementia and antidepressants and pramipexole may improve depression. Evidence supporting other therapies for motor and nonmotor features is less well established.
Low-resource Cross-lingual Event Type Detection via Distant Supervision with Minimal Effort (2018)

The use of machine learning for NLP generally requires resources for training. Tasks performed in a low-resource language usually rely on labeled data in another, typically resource-rich, language. However, there might not be enough labeled data even in a resource-rich language such as English. In such cases, one approach is to use a hand-crafted approach that utilizes only a small bilingual dictionary with minimal manual verification to create distantly supervised data. Another is to explore typical machine learning techniques, for example adversarial training of bilingual word representations. We find that in event-type detection task—the task to classify [parts of] documents into a fixed set of labels—they give about the same performance. We explore ways in which the two methods can be complementary and also see how to best utilize a limited budget for manual annotation to maximize performance gain.
<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>PorA variable regions: rapid detection of P1·7 and P1·19 variants by PCR (2007)

To overcome the disadvantages of serosubtyping and sequencing for typing the porA VR1 segment of N. meningitidis, we developed a PCR-based method to rapidly and accurately detect VR1 P1.7 and P1.19 variants. This approach is highly specific and sensitive; moreover it may allow for genotype determination of culture-negative samples.
Navigation-related services over stratospheric platforms (2004)

Most pharmacological trials in amyloidosis patients, both AL and TTR, are directed to study the effects of drugs on polyneuropathy. However, since cardiac involvement carries a prominent negative survival impact in amyloidosis patients, future research should be more focused on amyloidosis cardiomyopathy as primary endpoint. Additionally, in AL amyloidosis therapies are mainly derived from experience on multiple myeloma treatment. In this specific setting, possible future research could particularly focus on immunotherapeutic agents able to optimize the standard chemotherapy results and, thus, allowing a larger population of patients to be treated by bone marrow stem cell transplantation.
Novel toroidal mirror enhances x-ray lithography beamline at the Center for X-ray Lithography (1991)

An unique lithography beamline is described that delivers x-rays using a flexible arrangement of two toroidal mirrors providing high spectral and spatial uniformity at the wafer plane. The image produced is a thin, scannable, horizontal line suitable for exposing a 25 nm X 50 nm field, compatible with submicron ULSI. The authors also present the current status of such a beamline currently under construction at CXrL for use with the Silicon Valley Group Lithography, Inc.'s 0.25 micron x-ray stepper.
Elastic Spiral Folding for Flat Membrane Apertures (2014)

A folding concept has been developed which allows a precision membrane aperture to be elastically stowed with a very high compaction ratio without creasing. The lack of creasing is extremely important when the membrane is used in RF or diffractive optics applications because of its effect on the relative placement of surface features. This concept utilizes the spiral wrapped folding approach with a reduced thickness membrane in the folding hinge lines and through-hole strain relief at the intersecting folds. In application, it is intended that this packaging method will be used in an architecture where it is tensioned discretely from the outer edge. These developments allow for high compaction ratios previously only available through folding methods which caused plastic deformations in the membrane. I. Introduction ransmissive diffractive optics systems offer an attractive solution to imaging due to their out of plane deformation tolerance being an order of magnitude higher than reflective systems depending on the ratio of focal length and aperture diameter. In-plane tolerances are not relaxed over traditional optical apertures. The relaxed tolerance requirements has led to significant interest in using diffractive lenses as primary apertures of space-based telescopes in the 10-30m range 1-4 . The main challenges to using deployable membrane diffractive optics are the thermal dimensional stability requirement for accurate focusing, the high focal length required for the system, focusing errors caused by in-plane distortion from creasing the membrane during stowing, and the method for accurately tensioning the membrane in order to pull out those wrinkles. The first two challenges require materials and system architecture solutions respectively, which are not addressed in the current work. This work will address how to package the membrane without creasing such that the tension required to hold the membrane flat is minimal. While the highly precise requirements of the optical system are discussed in this paper, the folding method is equally applicable to planar RF apertures.
“Mande Kaba,” the Capital of Mali: A Recent Invention? (1991)

Historians who work in certain diaspora areas of the Mande people are frequently told by Mandekan speakers that their ancestors came from “Mande Kaba” (Kaaba). When reporting this, they usually then proceed to explain that Kaba is the Mande term for the French-named town of Kangaba, capital of the Mali empire. However, in my work on the precolonial state of Kong in northeastern Côte d'Ivoire, it became important to question exactly what this phrase means in the context of oral traditions and chronology. The hypothesis equating Kaba, Kangaba, and the capital of the Mali empire dates back in print to the early French studies of ancient Mali, and particularly to Maurice Delafosse, that prolific writer on West African oral traditions, religion, and languages. In his 1912 magnum opus, Haut-Sénégal-Niger , Delafosse cited Kangaba, “sans doute” as the capital of the pre-Sunjata “royaume” of Mali. In his annotation of the French translation of the mid-seventeenth century compilation, Ta'rikh al-Fattash , Delafosse again presented this idea. The Ta'rikh stated that “[t]he town which served previously as the capital of the emperor of Mali was named Diêriba [jāriba]; following, there was another named Niani [Yan.” In a note Delafosse explained that Diêriba “is also the name of the town called Kangaba on our [French] maps, which after having been the first capital of the manding empire, is still today the chief town of the province of Manding or Malli.” He was most likely relaying information from his interpretation of traditions as well as his own personal observations of early twentieth-century Kangaba. The Keita family, claiming descent from Sunjata Keita, the founder of the Mali empire, enjoyed political control of Kangaba, and were recognized as having held this position for some time.
Ectopic induction of Clb2 in early G <sub>1</sub> phase is sufficient to block prereplicative complex formation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1998)

Eukaryotic cells ensure the stable propagation of their genome by coupling each round of DNA replication (S phase) to passage through mitosis (M phase). This control is exerted at the initiation of replication, which occurs at multiple origins throughout the genome. Once an origin has initiated, reinitiation is blocked until the completion of mitosis, ensuring that DNA is replicated at most once per cell cycle. Recent studies in several organisms have suggested a model in which S- and M-phase promoting cyclin-dependent kinases prevent reinitiation by blocking the repetition of an early step in the initiation reaction. In budding yeast, this regulation is thought to involve inhibition of prereplicative complex (pre-RC) formation at origins by S and M phase-promoting Clb kinases. To date, however, there has been no direct demonstration that these kinases can perform such an important function. In this report we provide such a confirmation by showing that ectopic induction in G1 phase of a mitotic Clb, Clb2, is sufficient to inhibit DNA replication and does so by preventing pre-RC formation. This inhibition requires that Clb2 be induced before Cdc6, an initiation protein required for pre-RC formation; once pre-RCs have formed, Clb2 can no longer inhibit initiation. These results support the notion that during the normal cell cycle reassembly of the pre-RC, and hence reinitiation at an origin, is directly inhibited by S and M phase-promoting cyclin-dependent kinases.
Remission of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis in dogs after cessation of treatment with cyclosporin A or methyiprednisolone (2004)

Seventy-eight dogs with atopic dermatitis were treated for four months with either cyclosporin A or methylprednisolone. During the two months after the treatment ceased, 87 per cent of the dogs treated with methylprednisolone relapsed after a mean period of 27.9 days, whereas only 62 per cent of the dogs treated with cyclosporin A relapsed after a mean period of 40.7 days (P < .0.001). The clinical condition of the dogs was evaluated either when they relapsed, or two months after the treatment ceased if they had not relapsed. Both the skin lesions and pruritus increased significantly more markedly in the dogs treated with methylprednisolone than in those treated with cyclosporin A. At the end of the study the skin lesions were markedly less severe than before the therapy; in the dogs in both groups that did not relapse, the lesion score was improved by 77 per cent two months after the treatment had stopped, and in the dogs that did relapse the lesion scores had improved by 45 per cent and 35 per cent in the dogs treated with cyclosporin A and methylprednisolone, respectively. Pruritus remained well controlled in the dogs that did not relapse, but increased to baseline levels or close to baseline in the dogs that relapsed.
Quinolines. III. The Synthesis of 5- and 7-Chloro- and Bromo-3-methyl-4-dialkylaminoalkylaminoquinolines (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinolines. III. The Synthesis of 5- and 7-Chloro- and Bromo-3-methyl-4-dialkylaminoalkylaminoquinolinesEdgar A. Steck, Louis L. Hallock, and Arnold J. HollandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 3, 380–383Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01207a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01207a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Forecasting multi-appliance usage for smart home energy management (2013)

We address the problem of forecasting the usage of multiple electrical appliances by domestic users, with the aim of providing suggestions about the best time to run appliances in order to reduce carbon emissions and save money (assuming time-ofuse pricing), while minimising the impact on the users' daily habits. An important challenge related to this problem is the modelling the everyday routine of the consumers and of the inter-dependencies between the use of different appliances. Given this, we develop an important building block of future home energy management systems: a prediction algorithm, based on a graphical model, that captures the everyday habits and the inter-dependency between appliances by exploiting their periodic features. We demonstrate through extensive empirical evaluations on real-world data from a prominent database that our approach outperforms existing methods by up to 47%.
A new modified nodal analysis for nano-scale memristor circuit simulation (2010)

It is unclear how to include the newly discovered memristor together with traditional electronic devices into a circuit simulator such as SPICE. To perform a fast prototyping of circuits composed of memristors at nano-scale, this paper introduces a new modified nodal analysis (MNA) to include this fourth circuit element into a first-order differential-algebra-equation (DAE). In the new MNA, magnetic flux is employed as the state variable for a flux-controlled memristor, called memductor. The new MNA is implemented in a circuit simulator to efficiently provide time-domain transient simulations for a number of nano-scale memristor-based circuits.
Cost relationships for nonconventional telescope structural configurations (1982)

Fast primary mirrors offer the possibility of using endostructure designs rather than the conventional exostructure designs. A parametric analysis indicates that considerable cost savings can be achieved in this manner for large optical telescopes. f/1 endostructures are compared with classical and quasi-classical f/2.75 exostructure telescopes. The multiple mirror telescope configuration is the lowest-cost design for equal aperture area, but when equal light is considered, it is comparable with the segmented monolith design.
Predicting bone strength with ultrasonic guided waves (2017)

Recent bone quantitative ultrasound approaches exploit the multimode waveguide response of long bones for assessing properties such as cortical thickness and stiffness. Clinical applications remain, however, challenging, as the impact of soft tissue on guided waves characteristics is not fully understood yet. In particular, it must be clarified whether soft tissue must be incorporated in waveguide models needed to infer reliable cortical bone properties. We hypothesize that an inverse procedure using a free plate model can be applied to retrieve the thickness and stiffness of cortical bone from experimental data. This approach is first validated on a series of laboratory-controlled measurements performed on assemblies of bone- and soft tissue mimicking phantoms and then on in vivo measurements. The accuracy of the estimates is evaluated by comparison with reference values. To further support our hypothesis, these estimates are subsequently inserted into a bilayer model to test its accuracy. Our results show that the free plate model allows retrieving reliable waveguide properties, despite the presence of soft tissue. They also suggest that the more sophisticated bilayer model, although it is more precise to predict experimental data in the forward problem, could turn out to be hardly manageable for solving the inverse problem.