gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of indigenous larvicidal microbial control agents of mosquitos: the Malaysian experience. (1990)

A nationwide screening program searching for microbial control agents of mosquitos was initiated in Malaysia in 1986. A total of 725 samples were collected and 2,394 bacterial colonies were isolated and screened for larvicidal activity. From such screening, 20 Bacillus thuringiensis, 6 B. sphaericus, 1 Clostridium bifermentans and 2 Pseudomonas pseudomallei larvicidal isolates were obtained. Of these, a new B. thuringiensis named as subspecies malaysianensis was found, while the C. bifermentans was also a new anaerobe individualized as serovar malaysia. It was concluded that this screening program was highly successful.
Isolation of two members of the rat MAP kinase kinase gene family (1993)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MAPKK) is a recently characterized activator of MAP kinase (MAPK), and is considered to be regulated by a protooncogene product c-Raf-1. It is, however, unclear whether the signals originating from c-Raf-1 utilize this phosphorylation cascade to lead to oncogenesis. To clarify this point, we isolated rat MAPKK cDNAs, and identified two distinct cDNAs encoding MAPKK and a highly related kinase, both with molecular weights of approximately 45 kDa (MEK1 and MEK2). Genomic Southern blot analyses suggested that MAPKK may form a large gene family.
A three-phase high frequency semi-controlled battery charging power converter for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2011)

This paper presents a novel analysis, design, and implementation of a battery charging three-phase high frequency semi-controlled power converter feasible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main advantages of the proposed topology include high efficiency; due to lower power losses and reduced number of switching elements, high output power density realization, and reduced passive component ratings proportionally to the frequency. Additional advantages also include grid economic utilization by insuring unity power factor operation under different possible conditions and robustness since short-circuit through a leg is not possible. A high but acceptable total harmonic distortion of the generator currents is introduced in the proposed topology which can be viewed as a minor disadvantage when compared to traditional boost rectifiers. A hysteresis control algorithm is proposed to achieve lower current harmonic distortion for the rectifier operation. The rectifier topology concept, the principle of operation, and control scheme are presented. Additionally, a dc-dc converter is also employed in the rectifier-battery connection. Test results on 50-kHz power converter system are presented and discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology for PHEV applications.
Integrating deep features for material recognition (2016)

This paper considers the problem of material recognition. Motivated by observation of close interconnections between material and object recognition, we study how to select and integrate multiple features obtained by different models of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained in a transfer learning setting. To be specific, we first compute activations of features using representations on images to select a set of samples which are best represented by the features. Then, we measure uncertainty of the features by computing entropy of class distributions for each sample set. Finally, we compute contribution of each feature to representation of classes for feature selection and integration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets for material recognition. Additionally, we introduce a new material dataset, named EFMD, which extends Flickr Material Database (FMD). By the employment of the EFMD for transfer learning, we achieve 84.0% ± 1.8% accuracy on the FMD dataset, which is close to the reported human performance 84.9%.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and extended-spectrum cephalosporins in California: surveillance and molecular detection of mosaic penA (2013)

N. gonorrhoeae isolates with mosaic penA alleles and reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins are currently circulating in California. Isolates with the same NG-MAST ST, penA allele and extended-spectrum cephalosporin MICs have caused treatment failures elsewhere. The RTPCR assay presented here may be useful for the detection of N. gonorrheoae isolates and clinical specimens with reduced extended-spectrum cephalosporin MICs in settings where antimicrobial susceptibility testing is unavailable. In an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance and decreasing culture capacity, molecular assays capable of detecting extended-spectrum cephalosporin of resistance are essential to public health.
Manufacture of Hydrochloric Acid from Chlorine. (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManufacture of Hydrochloric Acid from Chlorine.Wilhelm HirschkindCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1925, 17, 10, 1071–1073Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50190a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50190a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views611Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of globopentaose using a novel β1,3-galactosyltransferase activity of the <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> β1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase LgtD (2007)

International audience
Visualizing 3D scenes using non-linear projections and data mining of previous camera movements (2004)

We describe techniques for exploring 3D scenes by combining non-linear projections with the interactive data mining of camera navigations from previous explorations. Our approach is motivated by two key observations: First, that there is a wealth of information in prior explorations of a scene that can assist in future presentations of the same scene. Second, current linear perspective camera models produce images that are too limited to adequately capture the complexity of many 3D scenes. The contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, we show how spatial and temporal subdivision schemes can be used to store camera navigation information that is data mined and clustered to be interactively applicable to a number of existing techniques. Second, we show how the movement of a traditional linear perspective camera is closely tied to non-linear projections that combine space and time. As a result, we present a coherent system where the navigation of a conventional camera is data mined to provide both the understandability of linear perspective and the flexibility of non-linear projection of a 3D scene in real-time. Our system's generality is illustrated by three visualization techniques built with a single data mining and projection infrastructure.
Fabrication and evaluation of an oxygen microelectrode applicable to environmental engineering and science (2002)

This paper introduces the fabrication procedure and evaluation method of an oxygen microelectrode applicable to environmental engineering and science research. The theory and development of an oxygen microelectrode technique are introduced. The fabrication procedure of a combined oxygen microelectrode with small-tip diameter (1520 μμm) is described in detail. This microelectrode was then evaluated by subjecting it to a polarization voltage of 0.8 V and calibrating against known dissolved oxygen concentrations from zero to air saturation. The results of the evaluation demonstrated that the fabrication procedure reported in this paper was successful. This microelectrode had a fast response time (<2 s), stable reading with good calibration linearity (R 2 = 1), low residual current signal (6 pA), and low stirring effect (4%). No electromagnetic interference was observed when this combined oxygen microelectrode was used under both laboratory and field conditions. The combined oxygen microelectrode fabricated using this procedure can be used for in situ measurement of dissolved oxygen in wastewater biofilms under field conditions. Key words: microelectrode, microsensor, oxygen, fabrication, polarization, calibration, biofilm, wastewater.
An improved model for assessment of positive inotropic activity in vitro (1983)

Abstract Responses of guinea pig paced left atria to positive inotropic agents that probably act by different mechanisms were compared at two different calcium concentrations in vitro (1.25 and 2.50 mM). Consistently good results were obtained with isoproterenol, ouabain, amrinone, and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine only at the lower calcium concentration, which resulted in a greater percentage of responsive preparations, greater response discrimination, lower incidence of spontaneous and drug‐induced arrhythmias, and therefore a better quantitative assessment of concentration‐response relationships. Satisfactory responses were also obtained with the indirect‐acting agent tyramine and with the new agent, vardax. An excellent correlation between the magnitude of tension developed and the maximum rate of tension development was obtained for various inotropic stimuli. The partial beta agonists, prenalterol and dichloroisoproterenol, gave relatively poor responses under both sets of experimental conditions. It is concluded that the use of a low calcium concentration in the bathing medium enhances responsiveness to a variety of inotropic agents acting by different mechanisms, providing a useful and more reliable model for testing in vitro. It is suggested that a low external calcium concentration results in a smaller predrug sarcolemmal calcium flux, which may be markedly enhanced by inotropic agents.
Oncogenic nexus of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A): An oncoprotein with many hands (2014)

Oncoprotein CIP2A a Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A forms an "oncogenic nexus" by virtue of its control on PP2A and MYC stabilization in cancer cells. The expression and prognostic function of CIP2A in different solid tumors including colorectal carcinoma, head and neck cancers, gastric cancers, lung carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal cancers, pancreatic carcinoma, brain cancers, breast carcinoma, bladder cancers, ovarian carcinoma, renal cell carcinomas, tongue cancers, cervical carcinoma, prostate cancers, and oral carcinoma as well as a number of hematological malignancies are just beginning to emerge. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress in our understanding of (1) how an "oncogenic nexus" of CIP2A participates in the tumorigenic transformation of cells and (2) how we can prospect/view the clinical relevance of CIP2A in the context of cancer therapy. The review will try to understand the role of CIP2A (a) as a biomarker in cancers and evaluate the prognostic value of CIP2A in different cancers (b) as a therapeutic target in cancers and (c) in drug response and developing chemo-resistance in cancers.
The Correlation Between Fluorescent X-ray Intensity and Chemical Composition (1954)

This discussion on correlation of fluorescent X-ray intensity with concentration is based on data produced under the following experimental conditions. The X-ray tube was operated mainly at 50 peak kv (occasionally at 35) with the d-c tube current ranging from about 5 to 40 ma. The dispersing or diffracting element was a curved mica crystal and the receiver a “thyrode” or multiplechamber Geiger counter. The specimens were usually metallic, although oxide mixtures were used from time to time. The incident beam was directed vertically downward and the specimen held at an angle of 30 deg to the horizontal. Hence, the grazing angle was 60 deg for the incident beam and 30 deg for the fluorescent beam. The specimens were composed of chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and molybdenum, either in the form of commercially pure metal or oxide or binary or ternary mixtures with the concentrations of an element varying from about 10 to 90 per cent. The method of measurement was to read the time, T, with a clock recording directly to 0.01 sec, for the counter to record a fixed number of counts, N, equal to 218 or 262,144. The true counting rates varied from about 50 to 10,000 counts per sec. If a measurement is expressed as a time, T, it will mean the time for the counter to record 218 counts. The intensity of an X-ray spectrum line may be given either as a time, T, or a rate—that is, N/T as counts per second.
Pharmacokinetics of Intraocular Drug Delivery by Periocular Injections Using Ocular Fluorophotometry (2007)

NaF reaches the choroid/retina by transscleral diffusion from the periocular depot. The orbital and conjunctival vasculature and lymphatics have a larger role in NaF clearance than does the choroid. NaF diffuses into the vitreous from the choroid and the anterior segment; the periocular depot location determines the predominant diffusion pathway. The duration of high NaF levels in the choroid/retina or the anterior segment determines vitreous NaF levels. PST is the best periocular route for vitreous NaF delivery with minimal systemic levels. Increasing the volume of NaF PST depot enhances transscleral drug delivery.
Frequency stabilization of a continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser (1991)

Measurements of the spectral density of frequency fluctuations are reported for an actively stabilized cw Ti:sapphire laser. For a servo loop incorporating an intracavity translatable mirror and an external-cavity acousto-optic modulator, a linewidth of 1.0 kHz rms is obtained for the fluctuations of the laser frequency as recorded within the servo loop. The modulation index associated with the frequency deviations is considerably less than one over most of the Fourier spectrum, indicating operation in a domain of small phase noise for the fluctuations of the electric field.
A watermarking with two signatures (2002)

A watermarking scheme is presented which embeds two different watermarks to the same frequency and extracts the marks with two different methods in the frequency domain. One of the two extraction methods needs a source image, whereas the other does not. Each extraction method uses a unique operation in extracting the watermark. The use of two watermark schemes is more effective in claiming rightful ownership. Furthermore, this watermarking is non-invertible and is robust against IBM attack as it obtains two different extraction results from the same image.
212. Reduction by dissolving metals. Part II (1945)

A. J. Birch, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 809 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000809
Intracarotid Chemotherapy with 1,3-Bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in 5% Dextrose in Water in the Treatment of Malignant Glioma (1987)

Abstract After radiotherapy, 20 patients, 18 with documented progression of malignant glioma and 2 with Grade II astrocytoma, received a total of 52 courses of intracarotid 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) at a dose of 150 mg/m2 dissolved in 5% dextrose in water. The patients were treated at 6-week intervals for a maximum of five courses of chemotherapy per patient. Response to treatment was analyzed on computed tomographic scans by measuring the volume of the enhancing tumor and any central low density. From these data, tumor doubling times ranging from 110 to 968 days were obtained. An 11 to 60% reduction in enhancing tumor volume was noted in 8 patients, 2 of whom had a greater than 50% decrease in tumor volume. One patient had no change in tumor volume 110 weeks after the initiation of BCNU chemotherapy. Four patients had tumor in more than one vascular territory; tumor growth was arrested in the perfused territory, but continued in the nonperfused area. In 1 of the 4 patients, tumor also grew along a shunt catheter tract and spread over the surface of the ipsilateral hemisphere. One patient developed clinically asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy after five courses of BCNU. Two patients had postradiation leukoencephalopathy before BCNU treatment. Seventeen patients had peritumoral low density with mass effect after BCNU; thus, the true incidence of BCNU-related leukoencephalopathy could not be determined. All patients experienced transient unilateral orbital pain during the infusion and scleral erythema that lasted for several hours afterward. Loss of vision was noted in 2 patients, although it seemed to be related to the therapy in only 1 patient. In our group of patients, there was no significant myelosuppression or indication of other systemic toxicity.
High-resolution velocity modeling by seismic-airborne TEM joint inversion: A new perspective for near-surface characterization (2016)

We discuss the use of helicopter-borne transient electromagnetic (HTEM) for a high-resolution spatial and vertical characterization of the near surface in a structure-controlled wadi in central Saudi Arabia. In this area, seismic data quality is poor, and seismic imaging suffers from a combination of scattering effects — due to swarms of faults reaching the surface — and large velocity variations occurring along subvertical boundaries between the wadi sediment infill and the surrounding carbonate plateaus. HTEM was selected from a suite of nonseismic methods for multiparameter velocity-model building to enhance the velocity estimation for the wadi and surrounding areas. HTEM data were modeled by performing spatially constrained 1D resistivity inversion to obtain a high-resolution image of the near surface with sensitivity to a depth of 400–500 m from the surface. Sharp boundaries of the wadi and fine vertical layering, obtained from the HTEM inversion, provide detailed information about the parameter variations in the near surface. A seismic-HTEM joint-inversion approach is developed using a cross-gradient structural operator to constrain the velocity inversion with the higher resolution HTEM data. Joint-inversion results provide sharp velocity reconstruction across the wadi boundaries and increase the dynamic range of the velocity variations when compared to a single-domain tomographic approach in which the HTEM contribution is ignored. Superior imaging results in both time and depth are derived from velocities estimated by the seismic-TEM joint-inversion approach.
Spherical cluster analysis for beam angle optimization in intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning (2010)

An intuitive heuristic to establish beam configurations for intensity-modulated radiation therapy is introduced as an extension of beam ensemble selection strategies applying scalar scoring functions. It is validated by treatment plan comparisons for three intra-cranial, pancreas, and prostate cases each. Based on a patient specific matrix listing the radiological quality of candidate beam directions individually for every target voxel, a set of locally ideal beam angles is generated. The spherical distribution of locally ideal beam angles is characteristic for every treatment site and patient: ideal beam angles typically cluster around distinct orientations. We interpret the cluster centroids, which are identified with a spherical K-means algorithm, as irradiation angles of an intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment plan. The fluence profiles are subsequently optimized during a conventional inverse planning process. The average computation time for the pre-optimization of a beam ensemble is six minutes on a state-of-the-art work station. The treatment planning study demonstrates the potential benefit of the proposed beam angle optimization strategy. For the three prostate cases under investigation, the standard treatment plans applying nine coplanar equi-spaced beams and treatment plans applying an optimized non-coplanar nine-beam ensemble yield clinically comparable dose distributions. For symmetric patient geometries, the dose distribution formed by nine equi-spaced coplanar beams cannot be improved significantly. For the three pancreas and intra-cranial cases under investigation, the optimized non-coplanar beam ensembles enable better sparing of organs at risk while guaranteeing equivalent target coverage. Beam angle optimization by spherical cluster analysis shows the biggest impact for target volumes located asymmetrically within the patient and close to organs at risk.
Simulation-based optimization of wear leveling for solid-state disk digital video recording (2014)

As solid-state disk drives (SSDs) become more popular, there is a motivation to use them for digital video recording (DVR), especially in mobile and handheld devices. However, the unique limitations of flash-memory technology, the underlying technology of SSDs, require careful consideration when attempting to implement DVR on a SSD. This work outlines a simulation-driven exploration of wearleveling techniques that, coupled with previous work in SSD DVR optimization, yields a comprehensive strategy for using SSDs to implement DVR.
Reactive desorption electrospray ionization for rapid screening of guests for supramolecular inclusion complexes (2008)

Reactive desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), an ambient technique, has been explored as a tool for the development of a fast screening approach for supramolecular complexes capitalizing on the specificity of mass spectrometric detection. A library of twelve potential guests for inclusion by a beta-cyclodextrin host was initially screened via DESI using a spray solution incorporating the host directed toward an array of deposited guests. The steroid nortestosterone was used to verify the applicability of reactive DESI for complexation experiments with beta-cyclodextrin. Results from the DESI experiment and results from an analogous electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectral screen were compared with solution-phase data obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The complexes detected using DESI were identical to those determined using NMR, validating the applicability of the technique to supramolecular applications, but the ESI data exhibited significant disparities, predominantly due to the interference of nonspecific artifacts.
Lipid production by Candida Y-1. (1997)

Ten oleaginous yeasts were isolated from sources like fruits, flowers, curd whey and soil samples. Lipid production varied from 24 to 71.2% of dry weight of cell biomass. Strain Y-1, which was isolated from curd whey, produced the highest amount of lipid. It was identified belonging to the genus Candida. The optimal cultural conditions for lipid production by Candida Y-1 were found to be glucose (5%) as carbon source, ammonium sulfate (1%) as nitrogen source, pH 4.5, and temperature 28 degrees C under shake-flask conditions (125 rpm).