gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nanoparticle Sizes and Number Densities on the Evaporation and Dryout Characteristics for Strongly Pinned Nanofluid Droplets (2006)

A microfabricated linear heater array operating in a constant voltage mode has been used to study the effect of nanoparticle size on the evaporation and dryout characteristics of strongly pinned nanofluid droplets. Four different nanofluids have been tested, containing 2-nm Au, 30-nm CuO, 11-nm Al2O3, and 47-nm Al2O3 nanoparticles, each of 5-muL droplets with 0.5 vol % in water. Nanofluid droplets show strong pinning along the droplet perimeter and, upon evaporation, leave a ring-shaped nanoparticle stain. Particle size is seen to have a clear and strong effect on the dryout stain pattern, while heater temperature seems to have little effect. With the assumption of axi-symmetry, tomographic deconvolution of measured data from the linear heater array allows for examination of the spatially and temporally resolved temperature and heat flux characteristics of the evaporating nanofluid droplets.
Data characterization for intelligent graphics presentation (1990)

An automatic presentation system is an intelligent interface component which receives information from a user or application program and designs a combination of graphics and text that effectively conveys it. It is a facility that assumes the presentation responsibilities for other programs. An important research question has been how information should be specified or described by an application program for it to be presented by an automatic presenter. This paper proposes a taxonomy of information characteristics which would need to be provided to either human or computer designers for them to create presentations reflecting the individual needs of a diverse group of users. The proposed taxonomy of characteristics defines the representational goals for intelligent interfaces which reason about graphical displays.
[Protection of rat heart myocardium with a selective Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor and ischemic preconditioning]. (2005)

Aim of this study was to compare effects of BIIB-722, a novel Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 inhibitor, and ischemic preconditioning (IP) on infarct size and metabolism of area at risk in rats. Regional ischemia was induced by 40-min occlusion of a diagonal branch of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD); it was followed by 60-min reperfusion. Intravenous bolus injection of BIIB-722 (3 mg/kg) dissolved in 280 mM xylitol was performed before regional ischemia or during the first minute of reperfusion. In the control group 280 mM xylitol was infused before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion at the same mode. IP was initiated by two cycles of 5-min LAD occlusion followed by 5-min reperfusion prior to sustained regional ischemia. Microdialysis technique was used to monitor pH and inorganic phosphate (P(i)) in the interstitial fluid of the area at risk. Metabolic state of the area at risk was assessed by ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and lactate levels; cellular membrane damage was evaluated by total creatine (SigmaCr=PCr+Cr) tissue content. Myocardial infarct size was determined by computer planimetry after staining of left ventricular slices with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. BIIB-722 administration before or after ischemia, as well as IP, had no effect on cardiac hemodynamics and acid-base indices of arterial blood throughout the experiments. The infarct size/area at risk ratio was 43.5+/-5.2% in control and was reduced to 11.4+/-3.1% with IP, and to 17.0+/-3.6% and 25.8+/-2.6% with BIIB-722 infused on early reperfusion and before ischemia, respectively. BIIB-722 administration during the first minute of reperfusion as well as IP significantly augmented ATP and PCr contents, reduced lactate level and decreased ECr loss at the area at risk by the end of reperfusion as compared with values in control. Additionally significantly higher rates of pH recovery and reduction of P(i) concentration in the interstitial fluid were observed during reperfusion compared with these indices in control. BIIB-722 administration before ischemia had much effects on contents of energy and carbohydrate metabolites at area at risk. The results obtained indicate that ability of BIIB-722 to limit infarct size and improve metabolism in the area at risk is comparable to cardioprotective effects of IP. Therefore this study substantiates a possibility of application of a novel Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor for clinical investigations.
Hierarchical Address Event Routing for Reconfigurable Large-Scale Neuromorphic Systems (2016)

We present a hierarchical address-event routing (HiAER) architecture for scalable communication of neural and synaptic spike events between neuromorphic processors, implemented with five Xilinx Spartan-6 field-programmable gate arrays and four custom analog neuromophic integrated circuits serving 262k neurons and 262M synapses. The architecture extends the single-bus address-event representation protocol to a hierarchy of multiple nested buses, routing events across increasing scales of spatial distance. The HiAER protocol provides individually programmable axonal delay in addition to strength for each synapse, lending itself toward biologically plausible neural network architectures, and scales across a range of hierarchies suitable for multichip and multiboard systems in reconfigurable large-scale neuromorphic systems. We show approximately linear scaling of net global synaptic event throughput with number of routing nodes in the network, at 3.6×10<sup>7</sup> synaptic events per second per 16k-neuron node in the hierarchy.
Direct processing of mpeg audio using companding and BFP techniques (2011)

We present techniques for processing MPEG-audio encoded signals during the decoding process, using efficient fixed-point arithmetic operations. A large signal-to-quantization-noise-ratio is achieved over a large range of input levels. By taking advantage of MPEG audio built-in properties, quantization distortion at the outputs of our systems is kept largely inaudible, even though only low-resolution fixed-point operations are used in the processing.
A Response Model for Multiple Choice Items (1984)

We introduce an extended multivariate logistic response model for multiple choice items; this model includes several earlier proposals as special cases. The discussion includes a theoretical development of the model, a description of the relationship between the model and data, and a marginal maximum likelihood estimation scheme for the item parameters. Comparisons of the performance of different versions of the full model with more constrained forms corresponding to previous proposals are included, using likelihood ratio statistics and empirical data.
Curve path tracking control for tractor-trailer mobile robot (2011)

Curve path tracking control problem for tractor-trailer mobile robot in backward motion is addressed in this paper. Because the dynamics of trailer is not stable when the tractor moves backward, the curve path tracking problem is a challenging task. A fuzzy controller via line-of-sight method is constructed. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by numeric simulation results, which show that the backward curve path tracking can be successfully carried out by the proposed control method.
Detailed Mechanistic Studies using <i>in situ</i> Spectroscopic Analysis: A Look at Little‐Known Regions of the Heck Reaction (2004)

Abstract The mechanism of the Heck reaction using palladium complexes with large phosphoramidite ligands is investigated. The catalyst precursor is an inactive dimer that equilibrates with the active monomeric species. A series of kinetic models is introduced and compared with concentration profiles obtained from FT‐NIR spectroscopy. First, an analytical solution of the differential equations for a simplified mechanism is considered. This fits well at low conversions but deviates at higher conversions with increasing deactivation. Formation of palladium clusters and palladium black is then included, with the simplification that all the deactivation processes are represented by a single first‐order process. This results in a five‐step mechanism that describes the dimer‐monomer equilibrium, the Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalytic cycle, and the catalyst deactivation process. The model can be used to monitor the transient concentrations of the virtual Pd(0), Pd(II), and dimer catalyst species, and helps to explain the effects of water. The high resolution of the measurements and low error levels of the models render this approach a powerful tool for mechanistic studies in homogeneous catalysis.
Genetic and Phenotypic Changes Accompanying the Emergence of Epizootic Subtype IC Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses from an Enzootic Subtype ID Progenitor (1999)

Recent studies have indicated that epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses can evolve from enzootic, subtype ID strains that circulate continuously in lowland tropical forests (A. M. Powers, M. S. Oberste, A. C. Brault, R. Rico-Hesse, S. M. Schmura, J. F. Smith, W. Kang, W. P. Sweeney, and S. C. Weaver, J. Virol. 71:6697-6705, 1997). To identify mutations associated with the phenotypic changes leading to epizootics, we sequenced the entire genomes of two subtype IC epizootic VEE virus strains isolated during a 1992-1993 Venezuelan outbreak and four sympatric, subtype ID enzootic strains closely related to the predicted epizootic progenitor. Analysis by maximum-parsimony phylogenetic methods revealed 25 nucleotide differences which were predicted to have accompanied the 1992 epizootic emergence; 7 of these encoded amino acid changes in the nsP1, nsP3, capsid, and E2 envelope glycoprotein, and 2 were mutations in the 3' untranslated genome region. Comparisons with the genomic sequences of IAB and other IC epizootic VEE virus strains revealed that only one of the seven amino acid changes associated with the 1992 emergence, a threonine-to-methionine change at position 360 of the nsP3 protein, accompanied another VEE virus emergence event. Two changes in the E2 envelope glycoprotein region believed to include the major antigenic determinants, both involving replacement of uncharged residues with arginine, are also candidates for epizootic determinants.
Radiofrequency Ablation of Early-Stage Invasive Breast Tumors (2002)

As the management of breast cancer evolves toward less invasive treatments, the next step is the possibility of removing the primary tumor without surgery. The most promising of the noninvasive ablation techniques is radiofrequency ablation, which uses frictional heating that is caused when ions in the tissue attempt to follow the changing directions of a high-frequency alternating current. Three pilot studies, including an ongoing study at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, have demonstrated that radiofrequency ablation is effective for the destruction of small primary breast cancers. The most important factorfor successful radiofrequency ablation is accuracy of the ultrasound evaluation, which is used to estimate tumor size, localize the tumor for treatment, and monitor the progress of the ablation. A study in preparation at M.D. Anderson will determine whether the use of radiofrequency ablation alone for the local treatment of primary breast cancer will result in outcomes equivalent to those obtained with breast conservation therapy.
Adoption of Internet Technologies in Small Businesses (2001)

The adoption of information technology represents a problem of magnitude to small business entrepreneurs.Situation they are facing is different from larger corporations, making technology adoption behavior different from them.This study reports on antecedent drivers of small business adoption of Internet technologies.A behavioral model of innovation acceptance was developed with its foundation on previous literature on technology acceptance and innovation adoption research focused on small businesses.The model posits relationships of relative advantage of using IT, compatibility, ease of use, computer selfefficacy, financial slack of the firm, innovativeness of the firm, image of IT, and competitive pressure against the adoption behavior of four different Internet technologies --email, business homepage, e-sales and e-procurement.The results confirm the strong association of these antecedents with the adoption behavior and reveal different patterns of adoption behavior across different technologies.Different compositions of these antecedents provide insights on theoretical development of Internet technology acceptance model.Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Cu-catalyzed C–N bond cleavage of 3-aminoindazoles for the C–H arylation of enamines (2019)

We have presented a novel Cu-catalyzed stereoselective C–H arylation of enamines by using 3-aminoindazoles arylating agents <italic>via</italic> oxidative cleavage of two C–N bonds.
Through-Casing Reservoir Evaluation Using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy (1987)

ABSTRACT Induced gamma ray spectroscopy has proved to be a valuable tool for through-casing reservoir evaluations in California. The data have provided reliable fluid saturations and lithology information under a variety of conditions. This paper examines several applications of these measurements. Environmental considerations and logging limitations are discussed. The cased hole answers are compared with openhole logging measurements, core data, and production results.
On the Effects of Filterbank Design and Energy Computation on Robust Speech Recognition (2010)

In this paper, we examine how energy computation and filterbank design contribute to the overall front-end robustness, especially when the investigated features are applied to noisy speech signals, in mismatched training-testing conditions. In prior work (“Auditory Teager energy cepstrum coefficients for robust speech recognition,” D. Dimitriadis, P. Maragos, and A. Potamianos, in Proc. Eurospeech'05, Sep. 2005), a novel feature set called “Teager energy cepstrum coefficients” (TECCs) has been proposed, employing a dense, smooth filterbank and alternative energy computation schemes. TECCs were shown to be more robust to noise and exhibit improved performance compared to the widely used Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). In this paper, we attempt to interpret these results using a combined theoretical and experimental analysis framework. Specifically, we investigate in detail the connection between the filterbank design, i.e., the filter shape and bandwidth, the energy estimation scheme and the automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance under a variety of additive and/or convolutional noise conditions. For this purpose: 1) the performance of filterbanks using triangular, Gabor, and Gammatone filters with various bandwidths and filter positions are examined under different noisy speech recognition tasks, and 2) the squared amplitude and Teager-Kaiser energy operators are compared as two alternative approaches of computing the signal energy. Our end-goal is to understand how to select the most efficient filterbank and energy computation scheme that are maximally robust under both clean and noisy recording conditions. Theoretical and experimental results show that: 1) the filter bandwidth is one of the most important factors affecting speech recognition performance in noise, while the shape of the filter is of secondary importance, and 2) the Teager-Kaiser operator outperforms (on the average and for most noise types) the squared amplitude energy computation scheme for speech recognition in noisy conditions, especially, for large filter bandwidths. Experimental results show that selecting the appropriate filterbank and energy computation scheme can lead to significant error rate reduction over both MFCC and perceptual linear predicion (PLP) features for a variety of speech recognition tasks. A relative error rate reduction of up to ~ 30% for MFCCs and ~ 39% for PLPs is shown for the Aurora-3 Spanish Task.
Facilitation by Endogenous Tachykinins of the NMDA-Evoked Release of Acetylcholine after Acute and Chronic Suppression of Dopaminergic Transmission in the Matrix of the Rat Striatum (2002)

Using a microsuperfusion method in vitro, the effects of the NK1, NK2, and NK3 tachykinin receptor antagonists SR140333, SR48968, and SR142801, respectively, on the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine were investigated after both acute and chronic suppression of dopamine transmission in striosomes and matrix of the rat striatum. NMDA (1 mm) alone or with D-serine (10 microm) in the presence of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (100 microm) markedly enhanced the release of [3H]-acetylcholine through a dopamine-independent inhibitory process. In both conditions, as well as after chronic 6-OHDA-induced denervation of striatal dopaminergic fibers, SR140333, SR48968, or SR142801 (0.1 microm each) reduced the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine in the matrix but not in striosome-enriched areas. These responses were selectively abolished by coapplication with NMDA of the respective tachykinin agonists, septide, [Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]NKA(4-10), or senktide. Distinct mechanisms are involved in the effects of the tachykinin antagonists because the inhibitory response of SR140333 was additive with that of either SR48968 or SR142801. In addition, the SR140333-evoked response remained unchanged, whereas those of SR48968 and SR142801 were abolished in the presence of N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Therefore, in the matrix but not in striosomes, the acute or chronic suppression of dopamine transmission unmasked the facilitatory effects of endogenously released substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B on the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine. Whereas substance P and neurokinin A are colocalized in same efferent neurons, their responses involve distinct circuits because the substance P response seems to be mediated by NK1 receptors located on cholinergic interneurons, while those of neurokinin A and neurokinin B are nitric oxide-dependent.
FROZEN GROUND ENGINEERING (2003)

This new edition gives a peerless presentation of soil mechanics for frozen ground conditions and a variety of frozen ground support systems used on construction project worldwide. An authoritative update of the industry standard, the new edition covers the essential theory, applications, and design methods using frozen ground in the construction of deep shafts, tunnels, deep excavations, and subsurface containment barriers. New materials features design models for pavement structures used in seasoned frost and permafrost areas, new information on the movement of fluid phase contaminants in frozen ground, and helpful appendices offering guidance on common frozen ground tests and SI unit conversions. The new edition gives the essential information engineers, geologists, and students need in a complete reference, including up-to-date information on: sensitivity of frozen ground to climate changes; experimental work on frozen soil creep and strength; monitoring creep in frozen slopes; frost protection of foundations using ground insulation; highway insulation; and load restriction for seasonal frost areas.
Volume rendering on scalable shared-memory MIMD architectures (1992)

Volume rendering is a useful visualization technique for understanding the large amounts of data generated in a variety of scientific disciplines. Routine use of this technique is currently limited by its computational expense. We have designed a parallel volume rendering algorithm for MIMD architectures based on ray tracing and a novel task queue image partitioning technique. The combination of ray tracing and MIMD architectures allows us to employ algorithmic optimizations such as hierarchical opacity enumeration, early ray termination, and adaptive image sampling. The use of task queue image partitioning makes these optimizations efficient in aparallel framework. We have implemented our algorithm on the Stanford DASH Multiprocessor, a scalable shared-memory MIMD machine. Its single address-space and coherent caches provide programming ease and good performance for our algorithm. With only a few days of programming effort, we have obtained nearly linear speedups and near real-time frame update rates on a 48 processor machine. Since DASH is constructed from Silicon Graphics multiprocessors, our code runs on any Silicon Graphics workstation without modification.
Tracking-based deer vehicle collision detection using thermal imaging (2009)

Deer vehicle collision (DVC) is constantly a major safety issue for the driving on rural road. It is estimated that there are over 35,000 DVCs yearly in the US resulting in about 200 deaths and close to 4,000 reported property damages of one thousand dollars or more. This justifies many attempts trying to detect deer on road. However, very little success has been achieved. In order to reduce the number of DVCs, this work focused on the study of using an infrared thermal camera with tracking system to detect the presence of deer to avoid DVCs. The prototype consists of an infrared thermal temperature image grabbing and processing system, which includes an infrared thermal camera, a frame grabber, an image processing system and a motion tracking system, which includes two motors with their motion control system. By analyzing the infrared thermal images which are independent of visible light, the presence of an animal can be determined in either night or day time through pattern recognition and matching.
Towards Detection and Tracking of On-Road Objects (2007)

In this paper, we present a system capable of detecting and tracking on-road objects in the scene, in particular vehicles. Such a system is a useful part of a driver assistance system. This system employs two different techniques in the detection phase to increase the robustness. A large part of this paper is devoted to reducing the computational amount required of the overall algorithm by quickly excluding pixels above the horizon and on the road surface. The number of pixels that require further, computationally expensive processing is reduced by up to 65% in the sequences used in the experimental evaluation. Objects are detected in the remaining image areas by an improved boosting approach of weak classifiers based on the well-known AdaBoost and RealBoost approaches. The tracking is then done by a combination of periodically running the detection algorithm, while using adaptable templates at other times which allow for changes in shape and appearance as the car and the other vehicles travel along the road.
Off-Path TCP Exploits of the Challenge ACK Global Rate Limit (2018)

In this paper, we report a subtle yet serious side channel vulnerability (CVE-2016-5696) introduced in a recent transmission control protocol (TCP) specification. The specification is faithfully implemented in Linux kernel version 3.6 (from 2012) and beyond, and affects a wide range of devices and hosts. In a nutshell, the vulnerability allows a blind off-path attacker to infer if any two arbitrary hosts on the Internet are communicating using a TCP connection. Further, if the connection is present, such an off-path attacker can also infer the TCP sequence numbers in use, from both sides of the connection; this in turn allows the attacker to cause connection termination and perform data injection attacks. We illustrate how the attack can be leveraged to disrupt or degrade the privacy guarantees of an anonymity network such as Tor, and perform web connection hijacking. Through extensive experiments, we show that the attack is fast and reliable. On average, it takes about 40 to 60 s to finish and the success rate is 88% to 97%. Finally, we propose changes to both the TCP specification and implementation to eliminate the root cause of the problem.