gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Synchronization in Wireless Physiological Information Sensor Network (2005)

Time synchronization is necessary to a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Existing time synchronization methods are mostly designed for large scale ad hoc network and are not suitable for small star network like Wireless Physiological Information Sensor Network (WPISN). In this article we present a simple and power-efficient time synchronization method designed specially for WPISN, Reference on Demand Time Synchronization method (RDTS), which employs the Near-Field Magnetic Communication (NFMC) technology. NFMC offers significant power, cost, and size advantages over RF communication.
Production of Medium Chain Glycerides and Monolaurin from Coconut Acid Oil by Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions (2004)

Medium chain glycerides (MCGs) containing C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids have got commercial importance by considering their medicinal and nutritional applications. Monolaurin is also a value added commercial product. Coconut acid oil, which is mainly utilized in soap manufacturing process, can be effectively utilized to produce MCGs and monolaurin by a combination of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and esterification. Coconut acid oil containing 68% free fatty acid (as lauric acid), and 31.4% neutral glycerides are hydrolyzed by Candida rugosa lipase. The hydrolyzed acid oil was then subjected to steam distillation under atmospheric pressure to get a fraction (yield, 5%) rich in medium chain fatty acids (C8:0, 46.2%, C10:0, 19.2%), and the residual fraction was fractionally distilled under vacuum to get a fraction rich in lauric acid (68.4%). These two fractions were esterified with glycerol with Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM) lipase to produce MCGs from the first fraction and monolaurin from the second fraction.
A semantic framework for heterogeneous database environments (2002)

Describes a semantic framework for the analysis of global view update operations in a heterogeneous database environment. A semantic data model is used to form global conceptual schemas and to represent the meta data of global schemas using a self-describing approach. The semantic model is also used to represent the meta data of local schemas and the mapping between local and global schemas. Set-oriented views of objects are then formed over the global conceptual schema using an object algebra. An approach known as constraint analysis is applied to the analysis of view update operations, identifying side effects and alternative update translations. The constraint analysis process helps to refine the scope of a global view based on the constraints of the underlying local schemas and the types of update operations to be performed. The constraint analysis process also supports semantic query optimization. The approach described in this paper provides a uniform interface for defining global object-oriented views, together with analysis tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ESTER EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF TRIALKYLTIN ESTERS AND MERCAPTIDES (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESTER EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF TRIALKYLTIN ESTERS AND MERCAPTIDESGEORGE S. SASIN and RICHARD SASINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 3, 387–390Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01121a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01121a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conformationally Controlled Electron Delocalization in n‐Type Rods: Synthesis, Structure, and Optical, Electrochemical, and Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Dicyanocyclophanes (2011)

A series of dicyanobiphenylcyclophanes 1-6 with various π-backbone conformations and characteristic n-type semiconductor properties is presented. Their synthesis, optical, structural, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and packing properties are investigated. The X-ray crystal structures of all n-type rods allow the systematic correlation of structural features with physical properties. In addition, the results are supported by quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory. A two-step reduction process is observed for all n-type rods, in which the first step is reversible. The potential gap between the reduction processes depends linearly on the cos(2) value of the torsion angle φ between the π-systems. Similarly, optical absorption spectroscopy shows that the vertical excitation energy of the conjugation band correlates with the cos(2) value of the torsion angle φ. These correlations demonstrate that the fixed intramolecular torsion angle φ is the dominant factor determining the extent of electron delocalization in these model compounds, and that the angle φ measured in the solid-state structure is a good proxy for the molecular conformation in solution. Spectroelectrochemical investigations demonstrate that conformational rigidity is maintained even in the radical anion form. In particular, the absorption bands corresponding to the SOMO-LUMO+i transitions are shifted bathochromically, whereas the absorption bands corresponding to the HOMO-SOMO transition are shifted hypsochromically with increasing torsion angle φ.
Mitotic-like Tau Phosphorylation by p25-Cdk5 Kinase Complex (2003)

Among tau phosphorylation sites, some phosphoepitopes referred to as abnormal ones are exclusively found on tau aggregated into filaments in Alzheimer's disease. Recent data suggested that molecular mechanisms similar to those encountered during mitosis may play a role in abnormal tau phosphorylation. In particular, TG-3 phosphoepitope is associated with early stages of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In this study, we reported a suitable cell model consisting of SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with an inducible p25 expression vector. It allows investigation of tau phosphorylation by p25-Cdk5 kinase complex in a neuronal context and avoiding p25-induced cytotoxicity. Immunoblotting analyses showed that p25-Cdk5 strongly phosphorylates tau protein not only at the AT8 epitope but also at the AT180 epitope and at the Alzheimer's mitotic epitope TG-3. Further biochemical analyses showed that abnormal phosphorylated tau accumulated in cytosol as a microtubule-free form, suggesting its impact on tau biological activity. Since tau abnormal phosphorylation occurred in dividing cells, TG-3 immunoreactivity was also investigated in differentiated neuronal ones, and both TG-3-immunoreactive tau and nucleolin, another early marker for NFT, were also generated. These data suggest that p25-Cdk5 is responsible for the mitotic-like phosphoepitopes present in NFT and argue for a critical role of Cdk5 in neurodegenerative mechanisms.
Interface effects in hybrid gold/vanadium dioxide nanostructures (2009)

Gold/vanadium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) were produced with the intention of creating a hybrid NP retaining
the characteristic semiconductor-metal phase transition of VO 2 and the plasmonic properties of gold. The fabrication
procedure for arrays of the hybrid structure is presented with optical characterization and analysis of
the plasmonic structure. The high-temperature anneal required to insure the stoichiometry of the VO 2 leads to
dewetting of the Au from the underlying VO 2 layer, and to dramatic reshaping of the gold NP. Surface enhanced
Raman spectroscopy verifies the retention of the VO2 crystalline structure and phase transition; white light
extinction measurements exhibit the polarization sensitive plasmonic resonance peaks that characterize the electronic
signature of the phase transition. Together these techniques show that the composite system experiences
no significant intermingling between the two materials during processing. Furthermore, the controllable nature
of the extent of dewetting, via aspect ratio of the pre-annealed particle, suggests that the hybrid system will give
insight into interface interactions between the optical and structural properties of the constituents. A second
method is suggested to circumvent the annealing effect. The conclusions of our investigation suggest applications
as both a thermally or optically tunable plasmonic structure.
Comprehensive proteomics in yeast using chromatographic fractionation, gas phase fractionation, protein gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing (2005)

We have investigated the use of a variety of different techniques to identify as many proteins as possible in a yeast lysate, with the aim of investigating the overlap and complementarity of data from different approaches. A standard lysate was prepared from log phase yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This was then subjected to analysis via five different approaches aimed at identifying as many proteins as possible using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The total number of non-redundant protein identifications from each experiment was: 524 proteins by 2-D (SCX/C18) nanoflow liquid chromatography-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-LC MS/MS (MudPIT)); 381 proteins by nanoLC-MS/MS with gas phase fractionation by mass range selection; 390 proteins by nanoLC-MS/MS with gas phase fractionation by ion abundance selection; 898 proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation of proteins, in-gel digestion, and nanoLC-MS/MS of gel slices; and 422 proteins by isoelectric focusing of proteins, in-gel digestion and nanoLC-MS/MS of gel slices. The total number of non-redundant protein identifications in the five experiments was 1204. Combining only the two best experiments, the SDS-PAGE gel slices and the Mudpit, produces 1024 proteins identified, more than 85% of the total. Clearly, combining a Mudpit analysis with an SDS-PAGE gel slice experiment gives the greatest amount of protein identification information from a limited amount of sample.
Control of Methane Metabolism in a Forested Northern Wetland, New York State, by Aeration, Substrates, and Peat Size Fractions (2002)

Abstract Although many northern peat-forming wetlands (peatlands) are a suitable habitat for anaerobic CH 4 -producing bacteria (methanogens), net CH 4 fluxes are typically low in forested systems. We examined whether soil factors (aeration, substrate availability, peat size fractions) constrained net CH 4 production in peat from a Sphagnum -moss dominated, forested peatland in central New York State. The mean rate of net CH 4 production measured at 24° C was 79 nmol g -1 d -1 , and the mean rate of CO 2 production (respiration) was 5.7 w mol g -1 d -1 , in surface (0 to 10 cm) and subsurface (30 to 40 cm) peat. Saturated peat (900% water content) exposed to oxic conditions for 2 days or 14 days showed no net CH 4 production when subsequently exposed to anoxic conditions. Rates of CO 2 production, measured concomitantly, were essentially the same under oxic and anoxic conditions, and net CH 4 consumption under oxic conditions was barely affected by short-term exposure to anoxic conditions. Therefore, methanogens were particularly sensitive to aeration. Net CH 4 production in whole peat increased within hours of adding either acetate, glucose, or ethanol, substrates that methanogens can convert directly or indirectly into CH 4 , indicating that availability of these substrate might limit net CH 4 production in situ. In longer incubations of 30 days, only ethanol addition stimulated a large increase in net CH 4 production, suggesting growth in the population of methanogens when ethanol was available. We fractionated peat into size fractions and the largest sized fraction (> 1.19 mm), composed mostly of roots, showed the greatest net CH 4 production, although net CH 4 production in smaller fractions showed the largest response to ethanol addition. The circumstantial evidence presented here, that ethanol coming from plant roots supports net CH 4 production in forested sites, merits more research. Keywords: Anaerobic Ethanol Metabolism Methanogen Particle Size Fraction Peat Soil
A New Process For Removing Fiber From Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (2005)

A new process was developed to separate fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) in a dry grind corn process. Separation of fiber from DDGS would provide two valuablecoproducts: 1) DDGS with reduced fiber, increased fat and increased protein contents and 2) fiber.The process, called Elusieve process, used two separation methods, sieving and elutriation, toseparate the fiber. Material carried by air to the top of the elutriation column was called the lighterfraction and material that settled to the bottom of the column was called the heavier fraction. Weevaluated the compositions of fractions produced from sieving and elutriation. Two commercialsamples of DDGS were obtained from two dry grind corn plants. Sieving over four screens (869,582, 447 and 234 m openings) created five size categories. The two smallest size categoriescontained > 40% (w/w) of the original DDGS and had reduced fiber and increased protein and fatcontents relative to the original DDGS. Elutriation of the remaining three size categories increasedprotein and fat contents and reduced fiber contents in the heavier fractions. Elutriation at airvelocities between 1.59 and 5.24 m/s increased the protein content of the heavier fraction by 13 to41% and increased the fat content of the heavier fraction by 4 to 127% compared to the bulkfractions of each size category. This process was effective in separating fiber from both DDGSsamples evaluated. Elusieve process does not require changes in the existing dry grind process andcan be implemented at the end of the dry grind process.
Complement C5a activation of phospholipase D in human neutrophils. A major route to the production of phosphatidates and diglycerides. (1990)

The contribution of phospholipase D (PLD) to the production of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diglyceride (DG) by C5a-stimulated human neutrophils has been studied. Membrane-associated 1-O-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine (alkyl-PC) was double labeled with 3H and 32P by incubating neutrophils with [3H]alkyl-lysoPC and alkyl-[32P]lysoPC. Upon stimulation with recombinant C5a, these labeled neutrophils produce 1-O-alkyl-phosphatidic acid (alkyl-PA) and, in the presence of ethanol, 1-O-alkyl-phosphatidyl-ethanol (alkyl-PEt), containing both 3H and 32P. Formation of radiolabeled alkyl-PEt parallels that of radiolabeled alkyl-PA and requires both extracellular Ca2+ and cytochalasin B. Furthermore, the 3H/32P ratios of alkyl-PA and alkyl-PEt formed during stimulation are very similar to that of th substrate alkyl-PC. These results demonstrate that, in C5a-stimulated neutrophils, alkyl-PA and alkyl-PEt are formed from alkyl-PC almost exclusively by PLD-catalyzed hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation, respectively. Upon C5a stimulation, neutrophils labeled with 3H and 32P also produce 1-O-[3H]alkyl-diglyceride [( 3H]alkyl-DG) and [32P]orthophosphate [( 32P]PO4), but not [32P]phosphocholine. [3H]Alkyl-DG and [32P]PO4 are formed in parallel, although temporally lagging behind alkyl-PA. Propranolol, a PA phosphohydrolase (PPH) inhibitor, decreases the formation of both [3H]alkyl-DG and [32P]PO4, although increasing alkyl-PA accumulation. These data support the conclusion that alkyl-DG is formed from alkyl-PC by the combined activities of PLD and PPH and not by phospholipase C (PLC). Furthermore, by using [3H]acyl-PC-labeled neutrophils, it is demonstrated that, like alkyl-PC, 1-acyl-PC is also degraded sequentially by PLD and PPH to 1-acyl-DG. Propranolol does not inhibit phosphoinositide-specific PLC and yet it causes almost complete inhibition of the total DG mass accumulation in C5a-stimulated neutrophils. We conclude that, in cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils stimulated with C5a, PLD-catalyzed hydrolysis of PC determines the levels of both PA and DG with potentially important ramifications for neutrophil-mediated defense functions.
Randomized Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Stage I, II, or IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2003)

This randomized trial failed to prospectively confirm a statistically significant role for adjuvant chemotherapy in completely resected NSCLC. Given the poor compliance with the MVP regimen used in this study, future studies should explore more effective treatments.
Retroviral Integrase Structure and DNA Recombination Mechanism (2014)

Due to the importance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase as a drug target, the biochemistry and structural aspects of retroviral DNA integration have been the focus of intensive research during the past three decades. The retroviral integrase enzyme acts on the linear double-stranded viral DNA product of reverse transcription. Integrase cleaves specific phosphodiester bonds near the viral DNA ends during the 3' processing reaction. The enzyme then uses the resulting viral DNA 3'-OH groups during strand transfer to cut chromosomal target DNA, which simultaneously joins both viral DNA ends to target DNA 5'-phosphates. Both reactions proceed via direct transesterification of scissile phosphodiester bonds by attacking nucleophiles: a water molecule for 3' processing, and the viral DNA 3'-OH for strand transfer. X-ray crystal structures of prototype foamy virus integrase-DNA complexes revealed the architectures of the key nucleoprotein complexes that form sequentially during the integration process and explained the roles of active site metal ions in catalysis. X-ray crystallography furthermore elucidated the mechanism of action of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors, which are currently used to treat AIDS patients, and provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of viral drug resistance.
Detection and discrimination between unbalanced supply and phase loss in PMSM using ANN-based protection scheme (2013)

Recently, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) is one of the most attractive electric machine in industrial applications, therefor must be protected against electrical and mechanical failures for continue their operation safely. However, different kinds of faults are unavoidable in motors during their operational service. Unbalancing in the supply voltage is common in grid supply. However, the unbalance supply and phase loss produces similar symptoms. Therefore, this paper focuses on unbalanced supply condition diagnosis and discrimination between unbalancing in supply and single phasing or phase loss fault based. The proposed technique utilizes the ratio of third harmonic to fundamental of stator line currents and supply voltages using artificial neural network (ANN). The presented approach gives high degree of accuracy in detection and diagnosis of phase loss fault and those due to supply voltages unbalance using artificial neural network. All simulations in this paper are conducted using finite element analysis software. The approach is proven effectively through experimental validation.
INHIBITION OF MYOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA AND MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION BY ESTRADIOL IN AORTA ALLOGRAFTS (1991)

A major cause of organ graft loss after heart transplantation is accelerated atherosclerosis. In this study we used aorta allografts and investigated the effect of estradiol-17 beta treatment on both the degree of myointimal hyperplasia and morphological changes evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Outbred New Zealand white male rabbits (2.7-3.5 kg) were fed cholesterol (0.5%) from one week prior to transplantation, and until sacrifice three weeks later. The donor abdominal aorta was transplanted end-to-end to the right carotid artery of the recipient animals. Immediately following surgery, cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/d s.c.) was administered to prevent graft rejection. The allograft recipients were randomly assigned to one of five groups and treated with cottonseed oil (placebo) or estradiol cypionate at 1, 10, 100, or 1000 micrograms/kg/d i.m. for 3 weeks. The aorta grafts were harvested and fixed for transmission electron microscopy and morphometry. The area of myointimal thickening was calculated as a percent of total vessel area (mean +/- SEM); the control group was 6.6 +/- 0.5% (n = 5). Estradiol treatment significantly inhibited (P less than 0.05) myointimal hyperplasia at all doses. The values were 3.9 +/- 0.6% (n = 6) for 1 microgram/kg/day; 4.4 +/- 0.7% (n = 5) for 10 micrograms/kg/day; 3.5 +/- 0.4% (n = 6) for 100 micrograms/kg/day; and 2.9 +/- 0.1% (n = 3) for 1000 micrograms/kg/day. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed that the four doses of estradiol protected the endothelium from the degenerative changes seen in all aorta allografts from the animals in the control group. Furthermore 10, 100, and 1000 micrograms/kg/day of estradiol prevented the appearance of vacuolized macrophages (foam cells) and also the vacuolization of smooth muscle cells that was observed in the aorta allografts from the control group and the group treated with 1 microgram/kg/day of estradiol. We conclude that the inhibitory effect of estradiol on the development of graft atherosclerosis may be due to inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and preservation of ultrastructurally normal endothelial cells. The inhibitory effect on foam cell production and a concomitant vacuolization of smooth muscle cells may play a lesser role. We suggest that estrogen replacement therapy may be beneficial in postmenopausal women with organ allografts.