gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUBCUTANEOUS OXYGEN TENSION IN THE FETAL SCALP DURING LABOUR CONTINUOUS MONITORING WITH A NEEDLE ELECTRODE (1981)

Continuous intrapartum PO2 recordings were made in 25 fetuses, using a needle electrode that measures PO2 in the subcutaneous (sc) tissue of the scalp or the breech. This small electrode is combined with a spiral ECG electrode and can be easily applied in early labour. One hour after application of the electrode in the early first stage, a mean fetal scPO2 of 29.4 +/- 7.5 mm Hg was found. In the course of labour, scPO2 gradually fell to a mean value of 22.2 +/- 5.6 mm Hg, recorded just before the onset of bearing down contractions, and stabilised in the second stage of labour. ScPO2 values of less than 20 mm Hg were not recorded for a longer period except in one case of severe fetal distress. The relation between scPO2 just before delivery and cord arterial PO2 revealed a coefficient of correlation of 0.85. In general, scPO2 appeared higher than tcPO2 as described in the literature. This is ascribed to the different technique of measurement: the needle electrode measures in the deeper layers of the scalp, whereas the tc electrode is supplied with oxygen form the more superficial capillaries, where blood flow is more liable to be affected by mechanical factors.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Degradation in Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–ZnO Thin-Film Transistors (2009)

Degradation of Ga2O3–In2O3–ZnO (GIZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are promising for driving circuits of next-generation displays, was studied. We evaluated degradation caused by applying gate voltage and drain voltage stress. A parallel shift of the transfer curve was observed under gate voltage stress. The amount of threshold voltage shift when applying gate and drain voltage stress was smaller than that in the case of only gate voltage stress. Joule heating caused by the drain current was observed. We reproduced this degradation of transfer curve change by device simulation. When we assumed the trap level as the density of state (DOS) model and increased two kinds of trap density, we obtained properties that show the same trends as the experimental results. We concluded that two degradation mechanisms occur under gate and drain voltage stress conditions.
Low-temperature organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth of CdTe using a new organotellurium source (1987)

The growth of CdTe by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy has been accomplished at 250 °C, using a new tellurium source, dimethylditelluride. The compound decomposes at a much lower temperature than the corresponding monotelluride, apparently by reacting with a cadmium-containing species to eliminate one tellurium atom. As a result, the temperature necessary for deposition of CdTe has been lowered from the range of 400 °C, thus making completely thermally driven chemical vapor deposition of II-VI compounds possible at much lower temperatures.
High density recording characteristics of sputtered barium ferrite thin films (1995)

We report the recording characteristics of in-situ crystallized sputtered barium ferrite (BaFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/, BaM) thin film media grown on a SiN coated carbon substrate. Using an inductive head with a gap of 0.27 /spl mu/m at a flying height of 0.1 /spl mu/m, a linear density, D/sub 50/, of more than 100 kfci was obtained. The pulse width, PW/sub 50/, was measured to be 0.35 /spl mu/m. In contrast to Co alloy media, BaM media do not exhibit superlinear noise behavior, indicating non-exchange coupled grains. A model of decoupled grain assembly was used to calculate signal to noise ratio (SNR), giving calculated values in very good agreement with the experimentally measured values. In addition, the magnetic property optimization of sputtered BaM media was also investigated.
Design of Inhibitors for Human Tissue Kallikrein Using Non-Natural Aromatic and Basic Amino Acids (2002)

We explored the unique substrate specificity of the primary S, subsite of human urinary kallikrein (hK1), which accepts both Phe or Arg synthesizing and assaying peptides derived from Phenylacetyl-Phe-Ser-Arg-EDDnp, a previously described inhibitor with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities [Emim et al., Br. J. Pharmacol. 130 (2000), 1099-1107]. Phe was substituted by amino acids containing larger aliphatic or aromatic side chains as well as by non-natural basic amino acids, which were designed to combine a large hydrophobic and/or aromatic group with a positively-charged group at their side chains. In general, all peptides with basic amino acids represented better inhibitors than those with hydrophobic amino acids. Furthermore, the S1 subsite specificity proved to be much more selective than the mere distinction between Phe and Arg, for minor differences in the side chains of the non-natural amino acids resulted in major differences in the Ki values. Finally, we present a series of peptides that were assayed as competitive inhibitors for human tissue kallikrein that may lead to the development of novel peptides, which are both more potent and selective.
[Doping of horses]. (1998)

A survey is given about the situation of "doping" of horses. A definition of the term "doping" is delivered which is up to date and considers the matters of animal welfare. Existing regulations will be discussed in view of recent results of research. Different regulations for horses as well as humans in sports will be compared. Also different attempts of solutions for the regulatory body will be presented, which may change the regulatory significance. Finally a preview about actual questions related to doping is given.
Insulin inhibits transcription of the human gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. (1991)

Insulin rapidly lowers serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels in vivo. In studies reported here, HEP G2 cells were used as a model system to investigate how insulin achieves this effect. When HEP G2 cells were incubated with 100 nM insulin for 6, 14, or 24 h, IGFBP-1 protein levels in conditioned medium fell to approximately 50% of control values. This apparently was due to a fall in the rate of IGFBP-1 protein synthesis, since HEP G2 cells incorporated 46% less [35S]methionine into IGFBP-1 during a 4-h incubation with 100 nM insulin. IGFBP-1 mRNA levels were similarly affected by 100 nM insulin, falling to 45% of control values after 2 h, and to 9% of control values after 4 h of incubation with this hormone. The fall in IGFBP-1 mRNA level is consistent with data from nuclear transcription assays. HEP G2 nuclei isolated from cells that were incubated with 100 nM insulin for 2 h synthesized only approximately 1/3 the number of IGFBP-1 transcripts as did control nuclei. Further evidence that insulin decreases IGFBP-1 gene transcription comes from transient transfections using chimeric IGFBP-1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs. IGFBP-1 promoter activity fell to approximately 50% of control values when HEP G2 cells transfected with a construct containing the first 1205 base pairs of the IGFBP-1 promoter were incubated with 100 nM insulin for 6, 14, or 24 h. Insulin lowered both IGFBP-1 protein levels and promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. A half-maximal effect was found at approximately 1 nM insulin and a maximal effect was found at approximately 10 nM insulin in each instance. Transfections with constructs containing smaller IGFBP-1 promoter fragments showed that the region spanning from 103 to 529 base pairs 5' to the IGFBP-1 mRNA cap site was necessary to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of insulin. These studies indicate that insulin lowers IGFBP-1 protein levels, at least in part, by rapidly decreasing the rate of IGFBP-1 gene transcription, and suggest that this insulin-mediated fall in transcription is conferred through a specific region of the IGFBP-1 promoter.
Normal pathogen-specific immune responses mounted by CTLA-4-deficient T cells: a paradigm reconsidered (2001)

CTLA-4 is a critical negative regulator of T cell responses and CTLA-4-deficient (CTLA-4(-/-)) mice die of a lymphproliferative disease. Nevertheless, RAG-2-deficient mice reconstituted with a mixture of CTLA-4(-/-) and normal (CTLA-4(+/+)) bone marrow survive in the absence of any signs of disease, although 50% of their T cells do not express CTLA-4. Using such mixed chimeras, we analyzed the role of CTLA-4 in specific T cell responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Leishmania major and mouse mammary tumor virus, which cause acute, chronic and persistent infections, respectively. The populations of antigen-specific CTLA-4(-/-)CD4(+) and CTLA-4(-/-)CD8(+) T cells became activated, expanded and contracted indistinguishably from CTLA-4(+/+)CD4(+) and CTLA-4(+/+)CD8(+) T cells after infection with all three pathogens. Thus, CTLA-4 is not involved in the down-regulation of specific T cell responses and peripheral deletion in a T cell-autonomous fashion.
Characterization of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> thin films by XPS (1990)

Abstract The surface composition of CuInSe 2 thin films, made by co‐evaporation of the elements, has been shown to be strongly dependent on the bulk composition of the films. This is explained by the presence of a secondary phase, most likely Cu 2 Se, on the surface of Cu‐rich films. The fast variation of the surface concentration is also found for films that, according to the equilibrium pseudobinary phase diagram (Cu 2 SeIn 2 Se 3 ), should be single‐phase chalcopyrite. An explanation, suggesting the presence of a Cu‐rich compound also on the surface of films with a composition in the single phase regions, is proposed. Surface atomic concentrations have been shown to be modified in CuInSe 2 films by a 4.5 keV Ar + sputter etch. Heating in vacuum at the film deposition temperature restores the surface atomic concentrations to an as‐deposited condition, with the exception of the selenium concentration. The missing selenium atoms are substituted by oxygen atoms still remaining in the film after sputtering and heating.
945. Pyrimido[3,4-a]benzimidazole: a novel ring system (1965)

H. J. Davies and C. H. Dickerson, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 5125 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650005125
Stepwise Gel Preparation for High-Quality CHA Zeolite Synthesis: A Common Tool for Synthesis Diversification (2018)

Aluminosilicate molecular-sieve zeolites are widely used in industrial processes, mostly as catalysts or adsorbents, and advances in the synthesis are still required in order to progress further applications. To further expand the zeolite synthesis system, herein we report the stepwise preparations of synthesis gels through divided compositional control; this strategy is applied to the effective synthesis of a CHA zeolite in the presence of an inexpensive organic structure directing agent (OSDA), benzyltrimethylammonium. Highly crystalline nanosized CHA zeolites were prepared at higher crystallization rates compared to those prepared using the conventional one-step gel-preparation method. The stepwise method also provided CHA zeolite in a wide range of starting gel compositions, and aluminum content within the formed CHA could be tuned. The aluminosilicate-formation process, investigated by the combination of analytical methods including X-ray diffractometry, NMR and Raman spectroscopy, and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and several synthetic experiments, revealed that the aluminosilicate cluster that forms in the highly alkaline aluminum-rich intermediate gel during the stepwise method helps to effectively form the CHA zeolite in the final synthesis step. We also demonstrate that this strategy is applicable to other synthesis systems with different OSDAs and target zeolites. Furthermore, the stepwise method provides efficient zeolite catalysts with high activities and durabilities for emission-gas purification applications. This sharable concept is expected to become a common tool that brings additional synthetic diversity to a variety of zeolite-synthesis systems.
Expression of Varicella-Zoster Virus Immediate-Early Regulatory Protein IE63 in Neurons of Latently Infected Human Sensory Ganglia (2010)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia, but the characteristics of VZV latency are not well defined. Immunohistochemical detection of the VZV immediate-early 63 (IE63) protein in ganglion neurons has been described, but there are significant discrepancies in estimates of the frequency of IE63-positive neurons, varying from a rare event to abundant expression. We examined IE63 expression in cadaver ganglia using a high-potency rabbit anti-IE63 antibody and corresponding preimmune serum. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, we evaluated 10 ganglia that contained VZV DNA from seven individuals. These experiments showed that neuronal pigments were a confounding variable; however, by examining sections coded to prevent investigator bias and applying statistical analysis, we determined that IE63 protein, if present, is in a very small proportion of neurons (<2.8%). To refine estimates of IE63 protein abundance, we modified our protocol by incorporating a biological stain to exclude the pigment signal and evaluated 27 ganglia from 18 individuals. We identified IE63 protein in neurons within only one ganglion, in which VZV glycoprotein E and an immune cell infiltrate were also demonstrated. Antigen preservation was shown by detection of neuronal synaptophysin. These data provide evidence that the expression of IE63 protein, which has been referred to as a latency-associated protein, is rare. Refining estimates of VZV protein expression in neurons is important for developing a hypothesis about the mechanisms by which VZV latency may be maintained.
Duration of active and colostrum-derived passive antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves. (1978)

Duration of active and colostrum-derived passive antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus was studied in 14 calves. Five calves born with actively induced antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus retained high titers during the year of observation. Colostrum-derived antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in nine calves declined at an expected rate for the first four to six months of age. However, titers of six of these calves increased at five to eight months of age and either remained constant or increased through one year of age. Bovine viral diarrhea virus antibody titers of the other three calves declined at a constant rate to less than 1:4 by nine to 12 months of age.
Towards a universal speech interface (2000)

Abstract : We discuss our ongoing attempt to design and evaluate universal human-machine speech-based interfaces. We describe one such initial design suitable for database retrieval applications, and discuss its implementation in a movie information application prototype. Initial user studies provided encouraging results regarding the usability of the design, as well as suggest some questions for further investigation.
Putative Role of β-1,3 Glucans in <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Resistance (2006)

Biofilms are microbial communities, embedded in a polymeric matrix, growing attached to a surface. Nearly all device-associated infections involve growth in the biofilm life style. Biofilm communities have characteristic architecture and distinct phenotypic properties. The most clinically important phenotype involves extraordinary resistance to antimicrobial therapy, making biofilm infections very difficulty to cure without device removal. The current studies examine drug resistance in Candida albicans biofilms. Similar to previous reports, we observed marked fluconazole and amphotericin B resistance in a C. albicans biofilm both in vitro and in vivo. We identified biofilm-associated cell wall architectural changes and increased beta-1,3 glucan content in C. albicans cell walls from a biofilm compared to planktonic organisms. Elevated beta-1,3 glucan levels were also found in the surrounding biofilm milieu and as part of the matrix both from in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. We thus investigated the possible contribution of beta-glucans to antimicrobial resistance in Candida albicans biofilms. Initial studies examined the ability of cell wall and cell supernatant from biofilm and planktonic C. albicans to bind fluconazole. The cell walls from both environmental conditions bound fluconazole; however, four- to fivefold more compound was bound to the biofilm cell walls. Culture supernatant from the biofilm, but not planktonic cells, bound a measurable amount of this antifungal agent. We next investigated the effect of enzymatic modification of beta-1,3 glucans on biofilm cell viability and the susceptibility of biofilm cells to fluconazole and amphotericin B. We observed a dose-dependent killing of in vitro biofilm cells in the presence of three different beta-glucanase preparations. These same concentrations had no impact on planktonic cell viability. beta-1,3 Glucanase markedly enhanced the activity of both fluconazole and amphotericin B. These observations were corroborated with an in vivo biofilm model. Exogenous biofilm matrix and commercial beta-1,3 glucan reduced the activity of fluconazole against planktonic C. albicans in vitro. In sum, the current investigation identified glucan changes associated with C. albicans biofilm cells, demonstrated preferential binding of these biofilm cell components to antifungals, and showed a positive impact of the modification of biofilm beta-1,3 glucans on drug susceptibility. These results provide indirect evidence suggesting a role for glucans in biofilm resistance and present a strong rationale for further molecular dissection of this resistance mechanism to identify new drug targets to treat biofilm infections.
Test results of a ten cell bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery (1983)

A ten cell bipolar nickel hydrogen 6.5 ampere-hour battery demonstrated over 2000 low Earth orbit cycles at an 80 percent depth-of-discharge. Charge/discharge cyclic ampere-hour and watt-hour efficiencies of 88 and 76 percent, respectively, observed. Peak power capability was determined at 1.1 kW. A 10C discharge rate yields 83 percent of the nominal stark capacity to the 1.0 volt cut off in just under 6 minutes.
Millimeter-Wave Low Spurious Quadruple Harmonic Image Rejection Mixer with 90-degree LO Power Divider (2008)

This paper describes a millimeter-wave low spurious quadruple harmonic image rejection mixer (IRM). The even harmonic mixer with the anti-parallel diode pair (APDP) cancels the even harmonics of the input signal and the LO wave. But if we use the higher order harmonic mixer as an up-conversion mixer, there are many odd-order spurious signals that locate nearby a desired RF signal. In order to obtain a low spurious performance of the quadruple harmonic IRM, it employs the 90-degree divider for the LO wave in addition to the RF signal and the IF signal. In the fabricated 60 GHz band IRM MMIC, the 30 dB suppression of the 5th order LO harmonics (5LO) can be achieved by the proposed IRM configuration compared with the conventional one. Realization of the low spurious harmonic mixer is useful for the low cost millimeter-wave commercial production.
A general synthesis of amine-cyanoboranes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general synthesis of amine-cyanoboranesPatty Wisian-Neilson, Mrinal K. Das, and Bernard F. SpielvogelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 8, 2327–2329Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50186a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50186a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Survival Benefits of Patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Treated with Rituximab Combined with Chemotherapy. (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Rituximab combined with chemotherapy has been recommended as first-line or second-line standard regimen in most subtypes of B-cell lymphoma in China by the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network lymphoma therapy guideline. We have conducted a multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in combination with standard chemotherapy (CHOP) in patients with previously untreated or relapsed indolent and aggressive NHL. Methods: Patients received 4–8 cycles of rituximab plus CHOP every 21 days. For each cycle, rituximab (375mg/m2) was given on day 1 and CHOP started on day 3. CHOP consisted of cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2, doxorubicin 50mg/m2, and vincristine 1.4mg/m2 (maximum 2mg/dose) given intravenously on day 3, and oral prednisone 100mg on days 3–7. Results: A total of 221 patients were enrolled on the trial, 128 males and 93 females with a mean age of 49 years (range 10–83 years). The main lymphoma subtypes were small lymphocytic (15 patients, 7%), follicular (27 patients, 12%), and diffuse large B-cell (160 patients, 72%). In total, 56 patients had indolent NHL and 165 aggressive NHL. The overall response rate for all patients was 86% with 57% complete responses. In patients with indolent NHL the overall and complete response rates were 95% and 55% respectively. After a median 12 months follow up, progression-free survival in patients with indolent NHL was 88%±5% at 1 year and 83%±6% at 2 years. In the 160 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the overall response rate was 88% with 61% complete responses, and after a mean follow-up of 6 months, predicted 1-year and 2-year progression-free survival were 88%±5% and 83%±7% respectively. Infusion-related adverse events occurred in 4% of patients, associated with the first infusion of rituximab. Subanalyses according to subtype, stage, IPI and other factors will be presented. Conclusion: Rituximab plus chemotherapy is an effective, well-tolerated treatment that achieves high response rates and long progression-free survival in both indolent and aggressive NHL.
Arylnaphthalene Lignans as Novel Series of Hypolipidemic Agents Raising High-Density Lipoprotein Level. (1995)

A series of arylnaphthalene lignans were synthesized and tested for hypolipidemic activity. The most potent compound (4b) (TA-7552) not only reduced serum cholesterol, but also increased high-density lipoproteins cholesterol in rats. The effective dose of 4b is 100 times less than that of cholestyramine. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.