gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging New-Generation Photodetectors Based on Low-Dimensional Halide Perovskites (2019)

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have attracted enormous attention for future optoelectronic applications because of their remarkable optical and electrical properties, solution processability, low cost, and large-scale fabrication capabilities. In addition to their use in photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes, halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for new-generation photodetectors. However, conventional three-dimensional halide perovskite photodetectors suffer from current–voltage hysteresis, unreliable performance, and instability. By controlling the morphological dimensionality of bulk three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional structured perovskites, low-dimensional halide perovskites (LDHPs, such as two-dimensional, one-dimensional, and zero-dimensional halide perovskites), which have robust chemical stability and optoelectronic tunability owing to the quantum size effect, can be obtained, providing an alternative solution to overcoming the aforementioned limitations. In this Review, we examine the current state of the art and highlight the recent advances in photodetectors based on LDHPs, with a focus on their operation mechanisms, device architectures, synthesis and modification methods, and photodetection performances. We also discuss the current challenges for and provide a future perspective on the creation of LDHP-based photodetectors with unprecedented performance and opportunities for commercialization.
The Case History (2000)

Case histories report the basic data of psychoanalysis, and yet they are strikingly infrequent in the psychoanalytic literature. This reflects not only the methodological problems in describing psychoanalytic cases, but also the complex intentions of psychoanalysts who want both to present and to conceal aspects of their work. The history of the case history is discussed, as are the nature and purpose of case reports, the differences between oral and written reports, the relation between case reports and psychoanalyses, and case reports as countertransferential enactments. A plea is made for including authorial intention as an explicit part of the report, rather than concealing it behind a scientific facade.
A measurement system and image reconstruction in magnetic induction tomography (2008)

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a technique for imaging the internal conductivity distribution of an object. In MIT current-carrying coils are used to induce eddy currents in the object and the induced voltages are sensed with other coils. From these measurements, the internal conductivity distribution of the object can be reconstructed. In this paper, we introduce a 16-channel MIT measurement system that is capable of parallel readout of 16 receiver channels. The parallel measurements are carried out using high-quality audio sampling devices. Furthermore, approaches for reconstructing MIT images developed for the 16-channel MIT system are introduced. We consider low conductivity applications, conductivity less than 5 S m(-1), and we use a frequency of 10 MHz. In the image reconstruction, we use time-harmonic Maxwell's equation for the electric field. This equation is solved with the finite element method using edge elements and the images are reconstructed using a generalized Tikhonov regularization approach. Both difference and static image reconstruction approaches are considered. Results from simulations and real measurements collected with the Philips 16-channel MIT system are shown.
Highly selective catalytic conversion of furfural to γ-butyrolactone (2015)

A two-step strategy consisting of furfural oxidation and selective hydrogenation of 2(5<italic>H</italic>)-furanone was developed to produce γ-butyrolactone from furfural.
Hemodynamic regulation: investigation by spectral analysis (1985)

We investigated the hypothesis that beat-to-beat variability in hemodynamic parameters reflects the dynamic interplay between ongoing perturbations to circulatory function and the compensatory response of short-term cardiovascular control systems. Spontaneous fluctuations in heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, and respiration were analyzed by spectral analysis in the 0.02- to 1-Hz frequency range. A simple closed-loop model of short-term cardiovascular control was proposed and evaluated in a series of experiments: pharmacological blockades of the parasympathetic, alpha-sympathetic, beta-sympathetic, and renin-angiotensin systems were used to open the principal control loops in order to examine changes in the spectral pattern of the fluctuations. Atrial pacing was used to examine blood pressure variability in the absence of HR variability. We found that respiratory frequency fluctuations in HR are parasympathetically mediated and that blood pressure fluctuations at this frequency result almost entirely from the direct effect of centrally mediated HR fluctuations. The sympathetic nervous system appears to be too sluggish to mediate respiratory frequency variations. Low-frequency (0.02-0.09 Hz) fluctuations in HR are jointly mediated by the parasympathetic and beta-sympathetic systems and appear to compensate for blood pressure fluctuations at this frequency. Low-frequency blood pressure fluctuations are probably due to variability in vasomotor activity which is normally damped by renin-angiotensin system activity. Blockade of the alpha-adrenergic system, however, does not significantly alter low-frequency blood pressure fluctuations.
Immunologically Active and Structurally Similar Fragments of Protein A from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1975)

To study the active site(s) in protein A, partial tryptic digestions of the protein and of intact Staphylococcus aureus were performed. Fragments which bind to the Fc-part of human IgG were isolated by affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose 4B and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose. From a partial tryptic digest of pure protein A at 30 degrees C, pH 8.2 for 30 min we have isolated and characterized six active fragments with molecular weights ranging from 6000 to 8000. Two active fragments, obtained in high yields by digestion at pH 7.2 of intact protein-A-containing bacteria, were shown to be similar to two of the six characterized fragments from the digest of pure protein A. All fragments appeared to have similar amino acid sequences, judged by peptide mapping, specific staining and amino acid analysis; some are very possibly overlapping peptides. Each fragment probably contains only one active site region since all are monovalent in the Fc-reaction when studied with a hemagglutination technique. The maximal molar yield of active fragments obtained from the digestion of pure protein A accounts for about 210% of the amount of protein A used. Thus protein A, suggested to consist of repeating units, should exhibit at least three similar if not identical active regions.
Consumers Purchase Intentions For Foreign Products: An Empirical Research Study In Istanbul, Turkey (2010)

Consumers in developing countries seem to possess an increasing demand for the purchase of foreign products. Turkey is a magnet for multinational corporations that view the country as a must-win market. It has become important to determine the underlying intentions that drive the purchase decisions for foreign products in the Turkish market. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature by examining the purchase intentions of urban, Turkish consumers for foreign products in three specific categories (apparel, chocolate and personal care products). These categories were selected by taking their applicability to urban consumers into consideration. A field study was carried out at three major shopping malls in Istanbul, with the participation of 600 urban, Turkish consumers. Surveys, consisting of 3 parts and a total of 50 questions, have been used to gather data. In the first part, the subjects were asked about the factors that affect their purchasing motives. The top five factors were reported as perceived brand prestige, quality, value, purchase intention, and influence of others. In the second part, questions were asked regarding the subject’s reactions about foreign brands according to the determined categories. Finally in the third part, the participants were asked about their demographics and other personal factors. The empirical evidence provides insights into the significance of impact of product category, perceived brand prestige, perceived brand quality and influence of others. The results of the multi-linear regression analysis are reported along with significant implications for marketing managers.
Shapiro Steps in BSCCO Intrinsic Josephson Junctions (2012)

In 1963, did an experiment for the microwave irradiation effect on the I-V characteristics of a Josephson junction Al/Al2O3/Sn and showed that when the microwave is impressed to the Josephson junction, clear current steps are observed on the quasiparticle (QP) branches of the I-V characteristics and those which are now called Shapiro steps, are observed on constant voltages given by nΦ0 fr (n = ±1,±2, ...) [1]. Here the Φ0 is a flux quantum (= 2.06785 × 10−15 Wb) defined by h/2e using Planck constant h and the fr is the frequency of the impressed microwave. The interactions between the Josephson junction and the electromagnetic field are important and intersting problems on not only the fundamental but also the applicational points of view. The steps are one of the important phenomena observed on a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS)-type Josephson junction.
Method for measurement of paper thickness using linear variable differential transducer. (1984)

Accurate determination of paper thickness and measurement of the variation profile of the thickness are among the detailed items of information on sheet geometry essential to the understanding of paper quality. Local density variation may also govern the load-elongation, behavior and printability of the sheet. To describe such kinds of sheet geometry requires measuring the thickness of a given spot in a sheet.A thickness measurement device which uses a linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) has been assembled and tested. The LVDT was scanned by a spiral grooved rod connected to a stepping motor whose rotation speed could be controlled by a pulse generator.The first step in this trial involved comparing the validity of the mean thickness obtained by this method with that determined by the mercury displacement method. Thicknesses determined by the two methods on more than 40 specimens tested were found to be very similar.This device has the potential to obtain a thickness variation profile which will enable us to carry out frequency analysis of the profile and to obtain local sheet density variation. Details will be reported elsewhere.
The ethical benefits of trust‐based partnering: the example of the construction industry (2002)

As inter‐organisational relations represent an increasingly important element in business the ability to build sustainable relationships becomes a key skill. To achieve sustainable relationships parties need to move from a low trust/low ethics base to a high trust/high ethics base in their relating. This paper uses data from a study into trust‐based partnering in the construction industry to demonstrate that ethics is integral to trust building. The data supports the proposition that ethical partnering, which is characterised by reliability, delivery of promises, open and honest communications, respect and reciprocity, and a willingness to act reasonably towards each other, is the most effective model for parties seeking to build sustainable relationships.
Crystallography and Domain Walls in Antiferromagnetic NiO Crystals (1960)

Twin-domain walls in large crystals of antiferromagnetic NiO have been observed by specular reflection in optically polished and annealed crystals. These walls can be moved in annealed crystals by small mechanical stresses (&lt;106 d/cm2) or by moderate magnetic fields (&lt;25 000 oe) to yield completely untwinned crystals. The ease with which a twin wall moves appears to be limited by a spin-rotation energy loss. Crystallographic measurements of the rhombohedral distortion agree with the x-ray data, and verify the [111] antiferromagnetic contraction. The anisotropy in the magnetic susceptibility vs field has been measured for untwinned crystals, and is compared with earlier work.
Neodymium-YAG transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. The role of pigmentation. (1989)

Using a rabbit model we investigated the role of pigmentation of the ciliary body in obtaining ciliodestruction by neodymium-YAG transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. There was marked destruction of the ciliary body in pigmented rabbit eyes, but no histologic effect was observed in albino rabbit eyes. These findings suggest that pigmentation of the ciliary body is important for obtaining the desired response from neodymium-YAG transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in rabbit eyes by our technique. Further study is necessary to define the role of pigmentation in human eyes in this treatment modality.
The Management of Inflammation in Periodontal Disease (2008)

It has become clear in recent years that periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by oral microbial biofilm. This distinction implies that it is the host response to the biofilm that destroys the periodontium in the pathogenesis of the disease. As our understanding of pathways of inflammation has matured, a better understanding of the molecular basis of resolution of inflammation has emerged. Resolution of inflammation is an active, agonist-mediated, well-orchestrated return of tissue homeostasis. There is an important distinction between anti-inflammation and resolution; anti-inflammation is pharmacologic intervention in inflammatory pathways, whereas resolution is biologic pathways restoring homeostasis. A growing body of research suggests that chronic inflammatory periodontal disease involves a failure of resolution pathways to restore homeostasis. This article reviews the resolution of inflammation in the context of periodontal disease and the potential for the modification of resolution pathways for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Proof-of-concept studies in the 1980s demonstrated that pharmacologic anti-inflammation prevented and slowed the progression of periodontal diseases in animals and man. However, the side-effect profile of such therapies precluded the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other enzyme inhibitors or receptor antagonists in periodontal therapy. The isolation and characterization of resolving agonist molecules has opened a new area of research using endogenous lipid mediators of resolution as potential therapeutic agents for the management of inflammatory periodontitis. Work in animal models of periodontitis has revealed the potential of this therapeutic approach for its prevention and treatment and forced the reconsideration of our understanding of the pathogenesis of human periodontal diseases.
Near-ultraviolet electronic transitions of the tryptophan chromophore: linear dichroism, fluorescence anisotropy, and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of some indole derivatives (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNear-ultraviolet electronic transitions of the tryptophan chromophore: linear dichroism, fluorescence anisotropy, and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of some indole derivativesBo Albinsson, Mikael Kubista, Bengt Norden, and Erik W. ThulstrupCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 18, 6646–6654Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100355a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100355a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views772Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
I. On the conversion of radiant energy into sonorous vibrations (1881)

Abstract Messrs. Graham Bell and Sumner Tainter have shown that, under certain conditions, intense rays of light, if allowed to fall with periodic intermittence upon thin disks of almost every hard substance, will set up disturbances in those disks corresponding to this periodicity which result in sonorous vibrations. Mr. Bell has subsequently shown that such effects are not confined to hard substances, but that they can be produced by matter in a liquid form.
From Chemical Tools to Clinical Medicines: Nonimmunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors Derived from the Cyclosporin and Sanglifehrin Scaffolds (2014)

The cyclophilins are widely expressed enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of the cis and trans peptide bonds of prolines. The immunosuppressive natural products cyclosporine A and sanglifehrin A inhibit the enzymatic activity of the cyclophilins. Chemical modification of both the cyclosporine and sanglifehrin scaffolds has produced many analogues that inhibit cyclophilins in vitro but have reduced immunosuppressive properties. Three nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors (alisporivir, SCY-635, and NIM811) have demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of hepatitis C infection. Additional candidates are in various stages of preclinical development for the treatment of hepatitis C or myocardial reperfusion injury. Recent publications suggest that cyclophilin inhibitors may have utility for the treatment of diverse viral infections, inflammatory indications, and cancer. In this review, we document the structure-activity relationships of the nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporins and sanglifehrins in clinical and preclinical development. Aspects of the pharmacokinetic behavior and chemical biology of these drug candidates are also described.
Involvement of a bifunctional fatty-acyl desaturase in the biosynthesis of the silkmoth, <i>Bombyx mori</i> , sex pheromone (2004)

The straight-chain C(10) to C(18) unsaturated aliphatic compounds containing an oxygenated functional group (aldehyde, alcohol, or acetate ester) derived from saturated C(16) or C(18) fatty acids are a major class of sex pheromone components produced by female moths. In the biosynthesis of these pheromone components, various combinations of limited chain-shortening and regio- and stereospecific desaturation reactions significantly contribute to the production of a vast number of the species-specific pheromone components in Lepidoptera. Biosynthesis of the silkmoth sex pheromone bombykol, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol, involves two consecutive desaturation steps, the second of which is unique in that it generates a conjugated diene system from the Delta11-monoene C(16) intermediate. In experiments designed to characterize the acyl-CoA desaturases responsible for bombykol biosynthesis, we have cloned three cDNAs encoding desaturase family members from the pheromone gland of the inbred strain of the silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Transcript analyses by RT-PCR and subsequent functional assays using a Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system revealed that desat1 is the only desaturase gene prominently expressed during pheromonogenesis and that its gene product, B. mori Desat1, possesses both Z11 desaturation and Delta10,12-desaturation activities. Consequently, we have concluded that B. mori Desat1 is not only a bifunctional desaturase involved in bombykol biosynthesis but that it is also the enzyme responsible for both desaturation steps.
Results of Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes (PRESTO) Trial (2002)

Background— Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a major problem affecting 15% to 30% of patients after stent placement. No oral agent has shown a beneficial effect on restenosis or on associated major adverse cardiovascular events. In limited trials, the oral agent tranilast has been shown to decrease the frequency of angiographic restenosis after PCI. Methods and Results— In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of tranilast (300 and 450 mg BID for 1 or 3 months), 11 484 patients were enrolled. Enrollment and drug were initiated within 4 hours after successful PCI of at least 1 vessel. The primary end point was the first occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization within 9 months and was 15.8% in the placebo group and 15.5% to 16.1% in the tranilast groups ( P =0.77 to 0.81). Myocardial infarction was the only component of major adverse cardiovascular events to show some evidence of a reduction with tranilast (450 mg BID for 3 months): 1.1% versus 1.8% with placebo ( P =0.061 for intent-to-treat population). The primary reason for not completing treatment was ≥1 hepatic laboratory test abnormality (11.4% versus 0.2% with placebo, P <0.01). In the angiographic substudy composed of 2018 patients, minimal lumen diameter (MLD) was measured by quantitative coronary angiography. At follow-up, MLD was 1.76±0.77 mm in the placebo group, which was not different from MLD in the tranilast groups (1.72 to 1.78±0.76 to 80 mm, P =0.49 to 0.89). In a subset of these patients (n=1107), intravascular ultrasound was performed at follow-up. Plaque volume was not different between the placebo and tranilast groups (39.3 versus 37.5 to 46.1 mm 3 , respectively; P =0.16 to 0.72). Conclusions— Tranilast does not improve the quantitative measures of restenosis (angiographic and intravascular ultrasound) or its clinical sequelae.
Role of interfacial oxide-related defects in the red-light emission in porous silicon (1994)

Intense laser irradiation has been used to anneal porous silicon. In situ Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies have been used as probes of the silicon particle sizes and temperatures, and the resulting light emission of porous silicon. Once annealed, the PL of porous silicon while at 830 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C exhibited no PL energy shift from its 300-K position. Since the gap of silicon redshifts by 0.29 eV at 830 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, this red PL cannot be the property of the Si particles. A model involving the presence of nonbridging oxygen hole centers has been suggested to account for this PL.
A closer look on today's home and building networks (2005)

This article discusses popular control networks in the area of home and building automation (LonWorks, EIB, BACnet). The comparison includes technical aspects (platforms, security, network management, etc.) and general conditions for development (tools, starter kits, costs, licence policies, etc,). Finally, we identify possible drawbacks and "white spots" on the way to totally integrated and networked buildings.
CONAN: copy number variation analysis software for genome-wide association studies (2010)

CONAN facilitates the performance of GWAS based on CNVs and the visual analysis of calculated results. CONAN provides a rapid, valid and straightforward software solution to identify genetic variation underlying the 'missing' heritability for complex traits that remains unexplained by recent GWAS. The freely available software can be downloaded at http://genepi-conan.i-med.ac.at.