gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gateway‐compatible vectors for high‐throughput gene functional analysis in switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i> L.) and other monocot species (2011)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial grass and has been identified as a potential bioenergy crop for cellulosic ethanol because of its rapid growth rate, nutrient use efficiency and widespread distribution throughout North America. The improvement of bioenergy feedstocks is needed to make cellulosic ethanol economically feasible, and genetic engineering of switchgrass is a promising approach towards this goal. A crucial component of creating transgenic switchgrass is having the capability of transforming the explants with DNA sequences of interest using vector constructs. However, there are limited options with the monocot plant vectors currently available. With this in mind, a versatile set of Gateway-compatible destination vectors (termed pANIC) was constructed to be used in monocot plants for transgenic crop improvement. The pANIC vectors can be used for transgene overexpression or RNAi-mediated gene suppression. The pANIC vector set includes vectors that can be utilized for particle bombardment or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. All the vectors contain (i) a Gateway cassette for overexpression or silencing of the target sequence, (ii) a plant selection cassette and (iii) a visual reporter cassette. The pANIC vector set was functionally validated in switchgrass and rice and allows for high-throughput screening of sequences of interest in other monocot species as well.
Optimum radar signal processing in clutter (1968)

This paper considers the joint optimization of a class of radar signals and filters in a number of clutter-pins-noise environments. The radar signal processor in this case will be optimum in the sense that its output at the time of target detection yields the maximum ratio of peak signal power to total interference power. If the interference at the input to this signal processor is a Gaussian random process, this processor also yields the maximum probability of detection for a given value of false-alarm probability. The signals used are pulse trains and the filters are tapped delay lines. The purpose of signal design is to determine the optimum complex weighting for each pulse of the pulse train. Filter design yields the optimum complex weighting for the output taps of the delay line. Filter design for a specified signal is considered first. This is followed by combined signal and filter design and matched filter design. Constrained signal and filter design is investigated last. It should be emphasized that the optimizations require a knowledge of the clutter time-frequency distribution. For practical situations, when the clutter distribution is unknown, an adaptive filter is proposed that automatically provides the optimum filter weights for a given transmitted signal. When the clutter has a range-time extent less than the equivalent range-time extent of the signal, filter design alone yields nearly optimum performance. As the clutter becomes extended in range-time, it is necessary to consider jointly the design of signal and filter to obtain an optimum radar signal processor. In this report it is suggested that the signal be designed under the assumption of the clutter being extended over a broad range of Dopplers and that the signal processor consist of a bank of adaptive filters. Then each filter output yields the maximum ratio of peak signal to total interference power for this signal design.
Chemical synthesis of the T4 endonuclease V gene and its expression in Escherichia coli. (1986)

A gene coding for T4 endonuclease V was constructed by joining chemically-synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides. This gene was inserted into an expression vector and expressed in E. coli.
Model-Based Fault Detection using Adaptive Observer (2006)

This paper presents an approach for fault detection and isolation (FDI) using an adaptive observer. The FDI scheme is based on joint state and parameter estimator which consists of a procedure based on Narendra's error model, obtained by an extended linearization technique using Kronecker's calculation. The methodology is applied on a non-linear biological process where faults are modelled as changes in the system parameters
New £3.8 million potable water plant opens in North Wales (2004)

Residents of the picturesque area situated to the west of Wrexham, in North Wales, UK, will soon benefit from an improved water supply from their local water utility, Dee Valley Water Plc. A new 4Mld (million litres a day) potable water treatment plant has just been completed at Llandegla in the area to simultaneously treat the water from three reservoir sources and meet the latest EU requirements for manganese removal.
On the Meaning of 'Could Have' (1962)

On the Meaning of ‘Could Have’ Get access Clement Dore Clement Dore Vanderbilt University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 23, Issue 2, December 1962, Pages 41–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/23.2.41 Published: 01 December 1962
Immunochemistry of a synthetic peptidoglycan-precursor pentapeptide (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmunochemistry of a synthetic peptidoglycan-precursor pentapeptideAllen R. Zeiger and Paul H. MaurerCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 18, 3387–3394Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00742a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00742a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reducing dose calculation time for accurate iterative IMRT planning (2002)

A time-consuming component of IMRT optimization is the dose computation required in each iteration for the evaluation of the objective function. Accurate superposition/convolution (SC) and Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations are currently considered too time-consuming for iterative IMRT dose calculation. Thus, fast, but less accurate algorithms such as pencil beam (PB) algorithms are typically used in most current IMRT systems. This paper describes two hybrid methods that utilize the speed of fast PB algorithms yet achieve the accuracy of optimizing based upon SC algorithms via the application of dose correction matrices. In one method, the ratio method, an infrequently computed voxel-by-voxel dose ratio matrix (R = D(SC)/D(PB)) is applied for each beam to the dose distributions calculated with the PB method during the optimization. That is, D(PB) x R is used for the dose calculation during the optimization. The optimization proceeds until both the IMRT beam intensities and the dose correction ratio matrix converge. In the second method, the correction method, a periodically computed voxel-by-voxel correction matrix for each beam, defined to be the difference between the SC and PB dose computations, is used to correct PB dose distributions. To validate the methods, IMRT treatment plans developed with the hybrid methods are compared with those obtained when the SC algorithm is used for all optimization iterations and with those obtained when PB-based optimization is followed by SC-based optimization. In the 12 patient cases studied, no clinically significant differences exist in the final treatment plans developed with each of the dose computation methodologies. However, the number of time-consuming SC iterations is reduced from 6-32 for pure SC optimization to four or less for the ratio matrix method and five or less for the correction method. Because the PB algorithm is faster at computing dose, this reduces the inverse planning optimization time for our implementation by a factor of 2 to 8 compared with pure SC optimization, without compromising the quality or accuracy of the final treatment plan.
Modeling of moving object trajectory by spatio-temporal learning for abnormal behavior detection (2011)

This paper proposes a trajectory analysis method by handling the spatio-temporal property of trajectory. Not using similarity measures of two trajectories, our model analyzes overall path of a trajectory. Learning of spatio property is presented as semantic regions (e.g. go straight, turn left, turn right) that are clustered effectively using topic model. The temporal order of observations on a trajectory is taken into account using HMM for detecting global anomaly. Results of experiments show that modeling of semantic region and detecting of unusual trajectories are successful even in complex scenes.
Thermochromism in Liquid Crystalline Polydiacetylenes (1997)

The thermochromic behavior of diacetylene-containing hydrogen-bonding thermotropic liquid crystalline monomers and a semirigid main chain thermotropic poly(ester−diacetylene) were examined. These materials were successfully designed to undergo dramatic, first-order thermochromic transitions at the onset of their characteristic mesogenic transitions, as exhibited by changes in the shapes and locations of their polydiacetylene absorption bands and the corresponding visually observed color changes. Two different types of chromic response have been observed: one case, the diacid monomer 5,7-DODBA, in which the polydiacetylene chain responds to the liquid crystalline transitions of its host monomeric lattice, and two cases, the 10,12-DHDP monomer and 10,12-DHDP/TC polyester, in which the side chains covalently bonded to the polydiacetylene chain undergo mesogenic transitions that drive the thermochromic transition. It was found that the thermochromic transition is not reversible beyond the melting points of the partially polymerized monomers, whereas the poly(ester−diacetylene) exhibited partial reversibility above the polyester melting point. In all cases, a new absorption curve at higher energies represented the liquid crystalline phase above the mesogenic melt transition.
Rapid and Sensitive MicroRNA Detection with Laminar Flow-Assisted Dendritic Amplification on Power-Free Microfluidic Chip (2012)

Detection of microRNAs, small noncoding single-stranded RNAs, is one of the key topics in the new generation of cancer research because cancer in the human body can be detected or even classified by microRNA detection. This report shows rapid and sensitive microRNA detection using a power-free microfluidic device, which is driven by degassed poly(dimethylsiloxane), thus eliminating the need for an external power supply. MicroRNA is detected by sandwich hybridization, and the signal is amplified by laminar flow-assisted dendritic amplification. This method allows us to detect microRNA of specific sequences at a limit of detection of 0.5 pM from a 0.5 µL sample solution with a detection time of 20 min. Together with the advantages of self-reliance of this device, this method might contribute substantially to future point-of-care early-stage cancer diagnosis.
Multiple Facets of People and Place: Exploring Youth Identity and Aspirations in Madurai, South India (2012)

This chapter offers a valuable insight into the application of mobile-research methods within a participatory methodological framework. Drawing on empirical research on young people and place, we will consider the challenges of conducting such research in an international context, highlighting the importance of being critically reflexive in the application of our research design. As research ‘newcomers’ to the international research setting of Madurai, South India, we adapted the methodology of ‘Photovoice’ (Wang and Burris, 1997) as a means to investigate the influence of place on youth aspirations. A method of grounded enquiry and social action, Photovoice (Kenney, 2009) is an innovative mobile method that entails the use of photography generated by participants to explore their lived experiences. This method was chosen as a reflection of the international context and a concern that language may have posed a challenge to communication, thus making traditional research methods difficult to use. Our research purposely introduced this photography-based method to a set of participants who utilised it to identify the locally situated, place-related issues influencing their aspirations. Adapting the Photovoice method to develop a toolkit of participatory approaches enabled an engaging dynamic to be established in a very short time frame between researcher and participant, with the young participants being engaged beyond our expectations.
A Chemist's View of Melanogenesis (2003)

The significance of our understanding of the chemistry of melanin and melanogenesis is reviewed. Melanogenesis begins with the production of dopaquinone, a highly reactive o-quinone. Pulse radiolysis is a powerful tool to study the fates of such highly reactive melanin precursors. Based on pulse radiolysis data reported by Land et al. (J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol 2001;64:123) and our biochemical studies, a pathway for mixed melanogenesis is proposed. Melanogenesis proceeds in three distinctive steps. The initial step is the production of cysteinyldopas by the rapid addition of cysteine to dopaquinone, which continues as long as cysteine is present (1 microM). The second step is the oxidation of cysteinyldopas to give pheomelanin, which continues as long as cysteinyldopas are present (10 microM). The last step is the production of eumelanin, which begins only after most cysteinyldopas are depleted. It thus appears that eumelanin is deposited on the preformed pheomelanin and that the ratio of eu- to pheomelanin is determined by the tyrosinase activity and cysteine concentration. In eumelanogenesis, dopachrome is a rather stable molecule and spontaneously decomposes to give mostly 5,6-dihydroxyindole. Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) catalyses the tautomerization of dopachrome to give mostly 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). Our study confirmed that the role of Dct is to increase the ratio of DHICA in eumelanin and to increase the production of eumelanin. In addition, the cytotoxicity of o-quinone melanin precursors was found to correlate with binding to proteins through the cysteine residues. Finally, it is still unknown how the availability of cysteine is controlled within the melanosome.
16 alpha-[77Br]bromoestradiol-17 beta: a high specific-activity, gamma-emitting tracer with uptake in rat uterus and uterus and induced mammary tumors. (1981)

16 alpha-[77Br]Bromoestradiol-17 beta (Compound 1) has been synthesized by radiobromination of estrone enoldiacetate. Tissue uptake studies performed 1 hr after administration of Compound 1 to immature or mature female rats showed uterus-to-blood ratios of 13, with nontarget issue-to-blood ratios ranging from 0.6 to 2. Co-administration of unlabelled estradiol caused a selective depression in the uterine uptake with no effect on nontarget tissue uptake. In adult animals bearing adenocarcinomas induced by DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), tumor-to-blood ratios of 6.3 were obtained, this uptake also being depressed in animals treated with unlabeled estradiol. The studies demonstrate that Compound 1 has suitable binding properties and sufficiently high specific activity so that its uptake in estrogen target tissues in vivo is mediated primarily by the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, they suggest that this compound may be suitable for imaging human breast tumors that contain estrogen receptors.
Syntheses and Spectral Properties of New Dicyanopyrazine-related Heterocycles from Diaminomaleonitrile (1998)

J. Jaung, M. Matsuoka and K. Fukunishi, J. Chem. Res. (S), 1998, 284 DOI: 10.1039/A708049B
A fuzzy adaptive request distribution algorithm for cluster-based Web systems (2003)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for distribution of user requests sent to a Web-server cluster driven by a Web switch. Our algorithm called FARD (fuzzy adaptive request distribution) is a client-and-server-aware, dynamic and adaptive dispatching policy. It assigns each incoming request to the server with the least expected response time, estimated for that individual request. To estimate the expected response times FARD uses the fuzzy estimation mechanism. With respect to the requirement of modifiability of the model, FARD uses a neural network provided with innate abilities for learning and adaptation. We implemented a prototype FARD-based Web switch that was used in experiments carried out to compare its performance to well known representative request distribution algorithms. The measurements show that FARD benefits can be significant, especially for heterogeneous Web clusters.
Enhanced optical design by distortion control (2005)

The control of optical distortion is useful for the design of a variety of optical system. The most popular is the F-theta lens used in laser scanning system to produce a constant scan velocity across the image plane. Many authors have designed during the last 20 years distortion control corrector. Today, many challenging digital imaging system can use distortion the enhanced their imaging capability. A well know example is a reversed telephoto type, if the barrel distortion is increased instead of being corrected; the result is a so-called Fish-eye lens. However, if we control the barrel distortion instead of only increasing it, the resulting system can have enhanced imaging capability. This paper will present some lens design and real system examples that clearly demonstrate how the distortion control can improve the system performances such as resolution. We present innovative optical system which increases the resolution in the field of view of interest to meet the needs of specific applications. One critical issue when we designed using distortion is the optimization management. Like most challenging lens design, the automatic optimization is less reliable. Proper management keeps the lens design within the correct range, which is critical for optimal performance (size, cost, manufacturability). Many lens design presented tailor a custom merit function and approach.
Do It by Yourself: Larval Locomotion in the Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens, with a Novel “Self-Harvesting” Method to Separate Prepupae (2022)

The neotropical insect <i>Hermetia illucens</i> has become a cosmopolite species, and it is considered a highly promising insect in circular and sustainable economic processes. Being able to feed on a wide variety of organic substrates, it represents a source of lipids and proteins for many uses and produces recyclable waste. We investigated the characteristics and differences in the poorly-known locomotory behaviour of larvae of different instars, paying particular attention to the unique characteristics of the prepupal stage, key to farming and industrial processes. Moreover, we attempted to develop a "self-harvesting" system relying on the behavioural traits of prepupae to obtain their separation from younger larvae under rearing condition with minimum effort. Prepupae differ from younger larvae in their response to physical disturbance in the form of tonic immobility and significantly differ in their locomotory movements. Both prepupae and younger larvae reacted similarly to heat or light-induced stress, but low light and high moisture induced only prepupae to migrate away, which resulted in the development of a highly efficient separation methodology. The new data on the behaviour of <i>H. illucens</i> not only shed new light on some unexplored aspects of its biology, but also led to develop an inexpensive self-harvesting system that can be implemented in small-scale and industrial farming.
Biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of type XI collagen in embryonic chick sterna. (1991)

The biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of type XI procollagen was examined using pulse-chase labelling of 17-day embryonic chick sterna in organ culture with [3H]proline. Products of biosynthesis were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without prior reduction of disulfide bonds. Pro-alpha chains, intermediates, and matrix forms were identified by cyanogen bromide or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion. The results show that type XI pro-alpha chains assemble into trimeric molecules with interchain disulfide bonds. Proteolytic processing begins at least 40 min after the start of labeling which is later than that of type II procollagen (25 min). This first processing step involves the loss of the domain containing the interchain disulfide bonds which most likely is the carboxyl propeptide. In the case of the pro-alpha 3 chain, this generates the matrix form, m alpha 3, which retains its amino propeptide. For the pro-alpha 1 and pro-alpha 2 chains, this step generates intermediate forms, p alpha 1 and p alpha 2, which undergo a second proteolytic conversion to m alpha 1 and m alpha 2, and yet retain a pepsin-labile domain. The conversion of p alpha 2 to m alpha 2 is largely complete 2 h after labeling. p alpha 1 is converted to m alpha 1 very slowly and is 50% complete after 18 h of chase in organ culture. The apparent proteolytic processing within the amino propeptide, and the differential rate of processing between two chains in the same molecule are unusual and distinguish type XI from collagen types I, II, and III. It is possible that the extremely slow processing of p alpha 1 affects the formation of the heterotypic cartilage collagen fibrils and may be related to the function of type XI collagen.