gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Production and Regeneration of Somatic Embryos from Mature Seed of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) on Solid Media. (1991)

Induction of somatic embryos from mature seed of melon (Cucumis melo. L.) was conducted on media solidified with gelrite. The most reproducible result was obtained with rhombic explant consisted of radicle, hypocotyl, and a promixal part of cytoledon. Somatic embryos were produced around the cut surface at the border of hypocotyl and cotyledon. Soaking sterilized seed in water for two hours or more promoted embryogenesis. Numbers of somatic embryos were increased by the supplementation of 2 mg/l NAA to modified MS media together with 1∼4mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/l BA. Percentages of germination (rooting and shoot formation) were different among various shapes of somatic embryos. 'Thin cone' shaped embryo germinated in high percentage. Regenerated plants grew normally and set fruits.
One size does not fit all: interpreting laboratory data in pediatric patients. (2003)

Results of laboratory tests for kidney stone risk factors are reported based on adult reference ranges and are not readily interpretable in children. We have developed a solution which converts laboratory output to appropriate pediatric patient-adjusted relative units, compares results using age-specific reference ranges, and flags out-of-range values. The example presented demonstrates how clinicians with technical skills can use existing computer resources to develop effective solutions to problems they experience in clinical practice.
Experimental Identification of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Coupled Dynamic Plant Models for Underwater Robot Vehicles (2013)

This paper addresses the modeling and experimental identification of six different six degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) coupled nonlinear second-order plant models. We report a comparative experimental evaluation of six different candidate plant models whose unknown plant parameters are estimated from data obtained in free-motion vehicle trials. The parameter estimation methodologies of ordinary least squares (OLS), total least squares (TLS), and underdetermined TLS were employed to identify experimentally the unknown plant model parameters. We evaluate the performance of each of the six different 6-DOF coupled nonlinear finite-dimensional plant models of an underwater vehicle estimated by OLS and the plant model identified by TLS by comparing the mean absolute error between the experimentally observed vehicle velocities and the velocities obtained by a numerical simulation of the identified plant models. We also report a cross validation which evaluates the performance of a plant model to accurately reproduce observed plant velocities for experimental trials differing from the trials from which the plant model parameters were estimated. We conclude that: 1) plant models identified by TLS generally perform better (i.e., more accurately reproduce observed experimental behavior) than models identified by OLS; and 2) plant models including fully parametrized coupled quadratic drag terms perform best overall in cross validation. This study has the following contributions: it is the first reported experimental 6-DOF fully coupled plant model identification and cross validation of a low-speed, fully actuated, and neutrally buoyant underwater vehicles; it is the first experimental 6-DOF plant model identification for this same class of underwater vehicles during free-flight experiments; and it is the first reported use of TLS to perform 6-DOF plant model identification of an underwater vehicle.
Timing of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation after surgery for stage III colon cancer (2007)

In their article regarding the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer, Hershman et al.1 stated that the effect of the interval between surgery and the beginning of adjuvant chemotherapy has not been investigated to date. However, to my knowledge, there are at least 3 publications addressing this question, with somewhat differing results. The first is from Arkenau et al.,2 who conducted a trial of leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus levamisole and 5-FU and found a reduced rate of disease recurrence if this interval was <27 days (P = .01); at the time of last follow‒up, survival was not found to be improved in the group who received early adjuvant treatment. Conversely, in the study by Taal et al.3 regarding the combination of levamisole and 5-FU, early adjuvant treatment (<4 weeks) did not appear to affect results. In the third study, Chau et al.4 found a significant survival advantage for patients in whom adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated within 8 weeks of surgery (P = .044). This latter finding was confirmed by Hershman et al. in a patient population age >65 years for overall survival, with the first significant increase in the hazards ratio (HR) noted in the 2‒month to 3‒month interval, whereas disease‒specific survival was found to significantly worsen only after an interval of >3 months (HR of 1.5; P < .05).1 Therefore, as discussed by the authors, related factors and not the tumor or the interval between surgery and chemotherapy itself may be the reason for the worse outcome observed after an interval of 2 to 3 months. Furthermore, other subgroups (such as young patients with high‒grade tumors) also should have been studied, because for example in breast cancer, an early start (<21 days) to adjuvant treatment may be indicated for premenopausal patients with receptor‒negative tumors.5 However, an interval of <2 months between surgery and the beginning of adjuvant chemotherapy could be accepted as a preliminary standard for colon cancer. Michael K. Fink M.D.*, * Klinikum Fuerth, Med. Klinikum II Fuerth, Germany.
Cyclic Activity of Estrogen Sulfotransferase in the Gilt Uterus (1974)

Minced uteri from gilts in various days of the estrous cycle were incubated for 2 hr with l7β-estradiol-6,7-3H, (∼5 × 10−9M) and Na235SO4 (∼ l × 10−4M), and sections of the same uterine horns and the corresponding ovaries were prepared for histological examinations. When the estrogens were extracted from the incubation and separated into unconjugated and sulfated fractions, it was found that sulfation varied with the day of the cycle. At estrus and in the immature animal there was no sulfation of estrogens. Estrogen sulfotransferase activity began to appear at metestrus (day 3) and at diestrus (day 6) rose sharply to a peak level around day 9 (80% of the labeled estrogen sulfated). Although the unconjugated fraction contained predominantly 17β-estradiol, most of the conjugated fraction consisted of estrone sulfate. Incubations carried out for various time intervals revealed a constant rate of sulfation of estrogens, previously formed estrone being the favored substrate. The proportion of the sulfate fraction due to estrone sulfate quickly reached a constant level whereas estrone in the unconjugated fraction rose more slowly. The correlation of the histological changes to the enzymic activities is discussed. (Endocrinology95: 1680, 1974)
An Empirical Study on Campus Dwelling Environment Quality in Beijing and Its Influencing Factors (2012)

Combining with the current dwelling environmental assessment system, this article reviews the domestic and foreign theoretical documents, and tries to construct an evaluation model based on the influencing factors of campus dwelling environment quality in Beijing, including natural landscape, amenities and cultural environment. The research indicates that the campus dwelling environment quality is linearly related with and can be effectively predicted by these three factors. It also shows that the regression coefficient of cultural environment is the highest among the three; but most interviewees didn’t appraise their campus dwelling environment quality high. Therefore, colleges in Beijing need to improve especially in the following three aspects – gas power system (natural landscape), population density (amenities) and manager quality (cultural environment) – to make the campus dwelling environment clean pleasant and eco-friendly. Key words : Universities in Beijing; Dwelling environment; Natural landscape; Amenities; Cultural environment
A quasi-Newton proximal splitting method (2012)

A new result in convex analysis on the calculation of proximity operators in certain scaled norms is derived. We describe efficient implementations of the proximity calculation for a useful class of functions; the implementations exploit the piece-wise linear nature of the dual problem. The second part of the paper applies the previous result to acceleration of convex minimization problems, and leads to an elegant quasi-Newton method. The optimization method compares favorably against state-of-the-art alternatives. The algorithm has extensive applications including signal processing, sparse recovery and machine learning and classification.
Non-antibiotic strategies for the control of necrotic enteritis in poultry (2014)

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium spp. is an economically significant bacterial disease of poultry worldwide. Traditionally the disease has been prevented through feed supplementation with antibiotics sub-therapeutically as antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs). However this practice has led to the emergence of resistant pathogenic microbes and drug residues, potentially threatening animal and public health. Therefore the marketing and incorporation of AGPs into poultry feed has been banned in Europe which has exacerbated the incidence of NE, bringing about huge economic losses to poultry farmers. Poultry researchers, exporters and consumers have emphasised AGP-free poultry rearing and have been searching for non-antibiotic and cost effective alternatives to control NE. Strategies suggested include vaccination, coccidiosis control, probiotics, competitive exclusion products, prebiotics, egg yolk immunoglobulins, bacteriophages (or phage gene products), organic acids, feed enzymes, plants and plants extracts/essential oils and nutritional changes.There are many predisposing as well as virulence factors for NE induction and pathogenesis and more are expected to be discovered in the future. The ambiguous pathogenesis trend of the disease is still hindering the development of a potent active vaccine against NE. The choice of a single and fully effective approach is difficult. However, probiotics and specific egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs) alone or in combination could serve as promising strategies for controlling NE in broilers in the absence of AGPs.
Nonanticoagulant heparin reduces myocyte Na<sup>+</sup>and Ca<sup>2+</sup>loading during simulated ischemia and decreases reperfusion injury (2009)

Heparin desulfated at the 2-O and 3-O positions (ODSH) decreases canine myocardial reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that this occurs from effects on ion channels rather than solely from anti-inflammatory activities, as previously proposed. We studied closed-chest pigs with balloon left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (75-min) and reperfusion (3-h). ODSH effects on [Na(+)](i) (Na Green) and [Ca(2+)](i) (Fluo-3) were measured by flow cytometry in rabbit ventricular myocytes after 45-min of simulated ischemia [metabolic inhibition with 2 mM cyanide, 0 glucose, 37 degrees C, pacing at 0.5 Hz; i.e., pacing-metabolic inhibition (PMI)]. Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) activity and Na(+) channel function were assessed by voltage clamping. ODSH (15 mg/kg) 5 min before reperfusion significantly decreased myocardial necrosis, but neutrophil influx into reperfused myocardium was not consistently reduced. ODSH (100 microg/ml) reduced [Na(+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](i) during PMI. The NCX inhibitor KB-R7943 (10 microM) or the late Na(+) current (I(Na-L)) inhibitor ranolazine (10 microM) reduced [Ca(2+)](i) during PMI and prevented effects of ODSH on Ca(2+) loading. ODSH also reduced the increase in Na(+) loading in paced myocytes caused by 10 nM sea anemone toxin II, a selective activator of I(Na-L). ODSH directly stimulated NCX and reduced I(Na-L). These results suggest that in the intact heart ODSH reduces Na(+) influx during early reperfusion, when I(Na-L) is activated by a burst of reactive oxygen production. This reduces Na(+) overload and thus Ca(2+) influx via NCX. Stimulation of Ca(2+) extrusion via NCX later after reperfusion may also reduce myocyte Ca(2+) loading and decrease infarct size.
Generalized Linear Models in Actuarial Work (1990)

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CD40 and OX40 ligand are differentially regulated on asthmatic airway smooth muscle (2009)

Asthmatic ASM may modulate airway inflammation locally by increasing CD40 and OX40L expression in response to cytokines. IFN-gamma may regulate ASM pro-inflammatory actions by differentially modulating ASM CD40 and OX40L expression.
Microarray Analysis of Laser Capture Microdissected-Anulus Cells From the Human Intervertebral Disc (2007)

Results expand our understanding of disc aging and degeneration and show that LCM is a valuable technique that can be used to collect mRNA amounts adequate for microarray analysis from the sparse cell population of the human anulus.
Levosimendan and Calcium Sensitization of the Contractile Proteins in Cardiac Muscle: Impact on Heart Failure (2008)

Levosimendan increases the sensitivity of the cardiac fibrils to calcium, favorably affects hemodynamics in patients with heart failure. It is a positive inotrope and a peripheral vasodilator. The elimination half-life of the compound is about 1 hour. The drug decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, increases cardiac output with the improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction leading to symptomatic improvement which includes decreased dyspnea and fatigue. Levosimendan can be used safely with diuretics, nitrates, beta-blockers, digoxin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The most common adverse effects of levosimendan are headache and hypotension. Prolongation of the QTc interval does not appear to increase the incidence of arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsades de pointes. Levosimendan is a novel agent in the treatment of decompensated heart failure, representing a newer class of medications aimed at increasing calcium sensitivity. Its properties holds promise for the treatment of heart failure but further large-scale studies will be needed to determine its precise efficacy, safety, as well as the compound's long-term impact on mortality.
Studies in Selenious Acid Reduction and CdSe Film Deposition (1980)

The reaction sequence for the reduction of in at various surfaces and the formation of selenide films in this medium with and without metal ions present have been investigated by rotating disk and ring‐disk electrode techniques. The system is complicated by competitive paths leading to selenium formation from Se(−2)‐Se(+4) chemical reactions and the result is sensitive both to the nature of the substrate with the possibility of metal selenide formation and to the concentration of solution species. The implications for cathodic deposition of semiconductors like , from voltammetric and photospectral data, are discussed.
Using huge address spaces to construct cooperative systems (2002)

An operating system-level mechanism for memory management that enables processes to freely share and transfer arbitrary data structures in both the primary and secondary storage is presented. By using wide address spaces provided by 64-b processors, the proposed system structures the address space of each process as a set of hierarchical 'regions' of virtual memory pages. In order to avoid possible location conflicts among regions, the system restructures the hierarchy when regions are shared or transferred among processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental Investigation of the Effect Of Zeolite Coating Thickness on the Performance of a Novel Zeolite-Water Adsorption Heat Pump Module (2010)

A novel zeolite-water absorption heat pump module comprising an adsorber, an evaporator and a condenser heat exchanger as well as a module non-return valve in a hermetically sealed vessel is introduced. The investigated adsorber heat exchanger is an extruded aluminum finned-tube heat exchanger coated with AQSOA-Z02 zeolite of Mitsubishi Plastics Incorporation (MPI). The effect of the Zeolite layer thickness (300 and 500 micrometers) on the performance of the heat pump module has been experimentally investigated under different operating conditions related to floor heating systems in Middle Europe. A coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.18 has been measured with the 300 micrometers coated adsorber at a return temperature of 35 C, increasing 1.23 at a return temperature of 25 C. With the 500 micrometer coated adsorber, the measured COPs have been enhanced to 1.27 and 1.35, respectively. This enhancement has been attributed to the increase of the ration between zeolite and heat exchanger heat capacities.
Evaluation of Differential vs. Single-Ended Sensing and Asymmetric Cells in 90nm Logic Technology for On-Chip Caches (2006)

SRAM arrays using differential sensing (DS) and single-ended sensing (SE) are designed and fabricated in a test chip and their power and performance behaviors are studied in this paper. Sense amplifier offset (DC condition), which is one of the main criterion to determine the required bit-line differential, is measured. A novel SE scheme is proposed to overcome the delay degradation due to large bit line leakage in scaled technology. With marginal switching power savings, the SE array is 56% slower than the DS array in 90 nm technology with a single high-Vt at 350 mV. The difference narrows down to 30% in low-Vt case. Using asymmetric cells, instead of symmetric cells, in single-ended large signal arrays improves delay by 3%, while the power consumption remains approximately the same.
Experimental Characterization of Advanced Materials for the Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide (2006)

Alta S.p.A. (Italy) and DELTACAT Ltd. (United Kingdom) are conducting a study, funded by the European Space Agency, into the development of hydrogen peroxide monopropellant thrusters using advanced catalytic beds. The present paper focuses on the design of a dedicated test bench to assess the effectiveness of different catalyst samples when immersed in hydrogen peroxide. To date, the apparatus has been used to study powdered silver and three oxides of manganese. The evaluation of an analytical technique for determining the observed decomposition rates is also presented. In addition to devising a quantitative method for assessing the efficacy of the candidate catalysts, some qualitative studies of proposed metallic catalysts, in the form of wires immersed in hydrogen peroxide, are also described. Of the catalyst materials tested so far, preliminary results suggest that dimanganese trioxide offers slightly better performance than both manganese dioxide and silver. Nomenclature A = first constant in the Arrhenius law B = second constant in the Arrhenius law (activation energy)
Recovery of manganese and zinc from spent Zn-C and alkaline batteries in acidic medium (2010)

The anode and the internal paste of spent Zn-C and alkaline batteries were leached with 2 mol L-1 H2SO4 at 80 ºC for 2 h. Solid/liquid ratio was 1/10 (g mL-1). The leachate was treated with Na2S in order to precipitate Hg, Cd and Pb. Zn was quantitatively isolated at pH 1,5-2 by adding Na2S. Mn can be precipitated at pH close to 7. Na2S may be replaced by oxalic acid. Zn precipitated at pH around 0, whereas Mn was quantitatively recovered at pH > 4. Acidity control is a critical parameter. Na2SO4 and carbon are the end products.
Navy standardization of I/4-inch magnetic tape and recorder-reproducers (1954)

Standardization of magnetic tape for use by Federal agencies has been facilitated through the preparation and distribution of a "Standard Reference Tape." Similtlr stmdardimtion of recorder-reproducers has been made possible through the use of a "Standard Tape Recording." The properties of the tape, the material recorded, and the purpose and use of the tapes, are given in detail.
Crystal Structure of the Proenzyme Domain of Plasminogen<sup>,</sup> (1999)

We have solved the X-ray crystal structure of the proenzyme form of the catalytic domain of plasminogen, with the nonessential mutations M585Q, V673M, and M788L, to 2.0 A resolution. The structure presents an inactive protease characterized by Asp740 (chymotrypsinogen 194) hydrogen bonded to His586 (chymotrypsinogen 40), preventing proper formation of the oxyanion hole and S1 specificity pocket. In addition, the catalytic triad residues are misplaced relative to the active conformation adopted by serine proteases in the chymotrypsin family. Finally, a unique form of zymogen inactivation is observed, characterized by a "foot-in-mouth" mechanism in which Trp761 (chymotrypsinogen 215) is folded into the S1 specificity pocket preventing substrate binding.
Thermo-optical phase shifter with integrated diodes for multiplexed control (2018)

We present a thermo-optic silicon phase shifter with integrated diode, which allows multiplexed access to heaters and reduces the number of pads to drive complex silicon photonics circuits. We also demonstrate that such heaters can be driven using digitally modulated signals, which increases the linearity of the phase shift response of the device.
Evaluations of LTE Automatic Neighbor Relations (2011)

In recent years, there has been a strong focus on network management simplicity under the device self-organizing networks (SON). A number of SON use cases and features have been and are discussed for 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE). The main SON feature in the first LTE release is methods for automatic configuration of neighbor cell relations - Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR). In this paper, we describe the neighbor relations management and ANR, and evaluate ANR in a pre-launch, commercially deployed network cluster. The results indicate that ANR configures discovered and needed neighbor relations such that handover can be performed in combination with the neighbor relation establishment without dropping the connection.