gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pregancy Diagnosis in Dairy Cattle by Progesterone Concentration in Milk (1976)

Concentration of progesterone in whole milk was used to diagnose pregnancy in lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were taken 21 to 22 days postbreeding and analyzed for progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone in milk greater than 11 ng/ml, 8 to 11 ng/ml, and less than 8 ng/ml was used classify animals as pregnant, questionable, and not pregnant. In this classification for 123 cows, 67 were classified pregnant, 7 questionable, and 49 not pregnant. A comparison of progesterone diagnosis with actual calving results showed agreement of 73 and 98% for the cows classified as pregnant and not pregnant. Thirteen of 19 animals, in which there were discrepancies between diagnoses by milk progesterone and calving results, were not detected in estrus within 30 days after breeding. One animal classified not pregnant by milk progesterone was pregnant.
Collision risk assessment for possible collision vehicle in occluded area based on precise map (2017)

Due to blockage by large obstacles, perception of detection sensors such as lidar, radar, and stereo vision can have visibility restrictions. The assessment of collision risk against moving vehicles in the occluded area is difficult because vehicle motion information for perception is not available. In order to overcome this difficulty, this paper presents a probabilistic approach of collision risk assessment for the potential collision of vehicles in the occluded area. The probabilistic assessment consists of three steps: a field of view (FoV) modeling of perception, a motion prediction of potential collision, and a probabilistic collision risk assessment. The first step is a FoV modeling of perception to classify the occluded region of perception visibility. The second step is motion predictions of the potential collision vehicles by applying the modeled FoV to the roadway geometry in the precise map. The final step is a probabilistic assessment of the collision risk for the occluded vehicles based on the motion predictions and probabilistic modeling of vehicle speed on the road. The proposed collision risk assessment was evaluated using various occlusion scenarios in real traffic situations, such as an alleyway.
Analysis of the role of the pseudoknot component in the SRV-1 gag-pro ribosomal frameshift signal: loop lengths and stability of the stem regions. (1995)

The simian retrovirus-1 (SRV-1) gag-pro frameshift signal was identified in previous work, and the overall structure of the pseudoknot involved was confirmed (ten Dam E, Brierley I, Inglis S, Pleij C, 1994, Nucleic Acids Res 22:2304-2310). Here we report on the importance of specific elements within the pseudoknot. Some mutations in stem S1 that maintain base pairing have reduced frameshift efficiencies. This indicates that base pairing in itself is not sufficient. In contrast, frameshifting correlates qualitatively with the calculated stability of mutations in S2. The stems thus play different roles in the frameshift event. The nature of the base in L1 has little influence on frameshift efficiency. It is however required to bridge S2; deleting it lowers frameshifting from 23 to 9%. In L2, frameshift efficiency was not affected in a mutant that changed 10 to 12 bases. This makes it unlikely that the primary sequence of L2 plays a role in -1 frameshifting, in contrast to readthrough in Moloney murine leukemia virus (Wills N, Gesteland R, Atkins J, 1994, EMBO J 13:4137-4144). Deletions of 2 and 3 bases gave more frameshifting than the wild type, probably reflecting the increased stability of the pseudoknot due to a shorter loop L2. Deleting even more bases reduces frameshifting compared to wild-type levels. At this point, stress will build up in L2, and this will reduce overall pseudoknot stability.
Facing the World (1995)

This chapter discusses developments in British broadcasting in the international context. It explains that the fear of chaos in Europe in 1925 and 1926 encouraged Great Britain to take a lead in organizing the international control of broadcasting. Britain was forced to address issues such as copyright, international listenership, and the possibilities of sharing ‘the ether’ in the interests of the listeners. This chapter also discusses the exchange of message between the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the U.S. in November 1923.
THE EFFECT OF TWO CORTIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS UPON THE BODY WEIGHT AND WORK PERFORMANCE OF ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS (1940)

THE EXPERIMENTAL results reported in this paper show a difference in the effect of II desoxycorticosterone and of 17-hydroxy-IIdehydrocorticosterone both upon body weight and upon the capacity to continue work, so that the conelusion has been reached that these compounds may have different physiologic properties. Heron, Hales and Ingle (I) described a procedure for subjecting anesthetized rats to continuous stimulation of the loaded gastrocnemius muscle. Under suitable experimental conditions a high rate of work output is sustained for several days even when no food is admiiv istered. Hales, Haslerud and Ingle (a) found that muscular responsiveness was lost within a few hours following the removal of the adrenal glands but that the ability to continue work was maintained by the administration of potent extracts of the adrenal. Ingle (3) adapted this procedure as a method for the assay of adrenal cortical extract (cortin). There were four considerations
Newer Media Education: Problem Solver or Problem Maker? (1968)

(1968). Newer Media Education: Problem Solver or Problem Maker? The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 14-16.
Selective Continuous Flow Processes Using Fluorine Gas (2012)

The use of continuous gas–liquid flow reactors for processes involving fluorine gas is reviewed. Falling film, microbubble, and laminar flow reactors that have been adapted to carry out direct fluorination reactions are described, and a range of selective fluorination reactions involving direct fluorination of a variety of aromatic, dicarbonyl, diester and benzaldehyde derivatives are presented as well as related continuous flow oxidation processes (such as epoxidation reactions and the transformation of amines to nitro derivatives) involving fluorine gas.
Treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined etoposide and cisplatin. Evidence of major therapeutic activity in the anaplastic variants of these neoplasms (1991)

Forty-five patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors were treated with a regimen of etoposide 130 mg/m2/d for 3 days plus cisplatin 45 mg/m2/d on days 2 and 3. Both drugs were given by continuous intravenous infusion. Among 27 patients with well-differentiated carcinoid tumors or islet cell carcinomas, only two partial objective tumor regressions were observed (7%). Among 18 patients prospectively classified as having anaplastic neuroendocrine carcinomas, however, there were nine partial regressions and three complete regressions, an overall regression rate of 67%. For anaplastic disease, the median duration of regression was 8 months (range to 21 months). Tumor response was unrelated to primary site, endocrine hyperfunction, or prior therapy experience. The median survival of all patients with anaplastic tumors was 19 months; this seemed favorable when considering the small experiences with these rare tumors reported in the literature. Toxicity, which was severe for most patients, consisted primarily of vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, alopecia, and neuropathy. The anaplastic neuroendocrine tumor is strongly responsive to therapy with combined etoposide and cisplatin. Patients with undifferentiated carcinomas, originating in typical neuroendocrine tumor sites (small and large bowel, pancreas, and stomach) or of unknown origin, who have consistent histologic findings by light microscopy should be evaluated for this possibility with appropriate immune staining or electron microscopy.
Inhibition of liver alanine aminotransferase activity by some benzophenanthridine alkaloids (1981)

The quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) inhibit rat liver L-alanine-:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) activity. Nitidine (3) has no inhibitory effect. The inhibitory activity of alkaloids depends on the reactivity of the iminium bond with the nucleophilic reagent, e.g., the thiol group. The stability constants of adduct formation for thioethanol, cysteine, and glutathione with sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) are given. The mechanism of the inhibition of alanine aminotransferase activity by the alkaloids 1 and 2 is discussed.
Microwave amplifier using several IMPATT diodes in parallel (1974)

A simple power-combining and mode-suppressing technique for direct paralleling of packaged IMPATT diodes will be described. Experiments at 4 and 6 GHz using three diodes in parallel have resulted in power outputs of 21 W and 10 W, respectively.
Improved Methods for Approximating Critical and Thermal Properties of Petroleum Fractions (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved Methods for Approximating Critical and Thermal Properties of Petroleum FractionsK. M. Watson and E. F. NelsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 8, 880–887Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50284a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50284a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Electrical impedance. A method to evaluate subtle changes of the human oral mucosa (1997)

In a previous study, we mapped the differences in electrical impedance between various anatomical locations in the oral mucosa. We now explore the ability of the impedance technique to detect mild reactions in the buccal mucosa induced by the irritant sodium lauryl sulphate. This substance was applied for 15 min at a concentration of 2% to the mucosa of 26 healthy subjects. A contralateral site was used as a control. Responses were evaluated by measuring electrical impedance before exposure and after removal of the irritant, and also by visual inspection and histology. Magnitude and phase of impedance were determined in the frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz at 5 depth settings, and 4 physically distinct indices were calculated from the impedance data. The results showed the response to be at its maximum 5 min after removal of the test chamber, for all indices. These changes were statistically significant, whereas visual and histological alterations were slight or negligible. We conclude that the electrical impedance technique is capable of detecting mucosal changes in the invisible or barely visible range, and that the mucosal response to sodium lauryl sulphate is well characterised by the 4 indices.
Coordinate-based Texture Inpainting for Pose-Guided Image Generation (2018)

We present a new deep learning approach to pose-guided resynthesis of human photographs. At the heart of the new approach is the estimation of the complete body surface texture based on a single photograph. Since the input photograph always observes only a part of the surface, we suggest a new inpainting method that completes the texture of the human body. Rather than working directly with colors of texture elements, the inpainting network estimates an appropriate source location in the input image for each element of the body surface. This correspondence field between the input image and the texture is then further warped into the target image coordinate frame based on the desired pose, effectively establishing the correspondence between the source and the target view even when the pose change is drastic. The final convolutional network then uses the established correspondence and all other available information to synthesize the output image. A fully-convolutional architecture with deformable skip connections guided by the estimated correspondence field is used. We show state-of-the-art result for pose-guided image synthesis. Additionally, we demonstrate the performance of our system for garment transfer and pose-guided face resynthesis.
Highly sensitive tactile sensors integrated with organic transistors (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jiseok Kim, Tse Nga Ng, Woo Soo Kim; Highly sensitive tactile sensors integrated with organic transistors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 3 September 2012; 101 (10): 103308. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4751354 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Dynamic force distance control suited to various probes for scanning near-field optical microscopy (1999)

A dynamic force distance control for scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) based on a quartz tuning fork as piezoelectric force sensor is introduced. In contrast to a similar design for shear-force feedback, the tuning fork is aligned in such a way that forces perpendicular to the surface are detected. Various near-field probes can be attached to the end of the tuning fork and serve as force sensing tip. The high force sensitivity is demonstrated for two different near-field probes by imaging the topography of organic samples. The tetrahedral tip, an apertureless high-resolution near-field probe used up to now mainly with tunnel current distance control, is for the first time successfully combined with a force distance control for SNOM. A similar distance control was used in conjunction with an only few millimeters short aluminum-coated tapered fiber tip as near-field probe. The suitability of this design for near-field optical fluorescence imaging is demonstrated. Furthermore, the dynamic force distance control with a fiber tip was applied to a soft biological sample under water. The force sensitivity turned out to be sufficiently high to reveal corrugations in the order of 1 nm.
Distribution of Fluoride in Saliva and Plaque Fluid after a 0.048 mol/L NaF Rinse (1992)

An ultramicro method has recently been described for measurement of plaque-fluid fluoride concentration (Vogel et al., 1990a). This method was used: (1) for exploration of the variation in fluoride concentration of plaque fluid collected from the same buccal tooth sites following a 0.048 mol/L NaF (0.2%) rinse, and (2) for examination of the distribution of fluoride in plaque fluid and saliva within one hour after this rinse. Results indicated an average coefficient of variation (CV) of 31% for plaque-fluid fluoride in triplicate samples recovered simultaneously from the buccal-proximal region of two teeth after the rinse. This was similar to the CV found for plaque-fluid fluoride from the same sites after separate administrations of the rinse. A strong linear correlation was found between salivary and plaque-fluid fluoride at 30 and 60 min after rinse administration, showing that plaque-fluid fluoride is influenced by the concentration of salivary fluoride after administration of this rinse. Plaque-fluid fluoride concentrations were higher than that in saliva at baseline, 30, and 60 min. Very large inter-site and intersubject variations in plaque-fluid distribution were observed, with the central incisors showing the slowest clearance. These variations suggest that an examination of plaque-fluid fluoride from specific tooth regions may be essential for understanding the effects of fluoride on the site-specificity of caries.
Sequential modeling of via geometry in photosensitive MCM dielectric materials using neural networks (2002)

Via formation using photosensitive polymer technology reduces process cost and is hence of great interest in electronics packaging substrate fabrication. However, to overcome process complexity issues and to facilitate low-cost manufacturing, process optimization and control are required. In this paper, a modeling approach for via formation in MCM dielectric layers composed of photosensitive benzocyclobutene (BCB) is presented. A series of designed experiments are used to characterize the via formation work-cell (which consists of the spin coat, soft bake, expose, develop, cure, and plasma de-scum unit process steps). Sequential neural network process models are then constructed to characterize entire via formation process. In the sequential scheme, each work-cell sub-process is modeled individually, and each sub-process model is linked to previous sub-process outputs and subsequent sub-process inputs. This modeling scheme is compared with two other modeling approaches to evaluate model prediction capability. The sequential method shows superior prediction capability. This modeling structure will be useful for feedback and feed-forward process control, and it will eventually be used for development of supervisory process control scheme.
Polymer Distribution in Human Serum Albumin Powders Prepared by Lyophilization or Acetone Drying (1977)

Various lots of human serum albumin, prepared by the Cohn alcohol procedure, were assayed for polymer distribution after lyophilization or acetone drying of the albumin paste. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that powders obtained by acetone drying of the pastes contained significantly higher amounts of monomeric albumin.
Kronecker Matrices, Computer Implementation, and Generalized Spectra (1970)

A closed product form and a simplified algorithm for efficient matrix operation is presented for a class of generalized Kronecker matrices. Powers of two Kronecker matrices are further described where the closed form representation is easily implemented with parallel binary register operations. Orthogonal and symmetric orthogonal Kronecker matrices are described in the context of generalized spectral analysis. Specific applications are presented which include the Fourier, Hadamard, and other transformations.
Experimental and Numerical Thermal Analysis of Multi-Layered Microchannel Heat Sink for Concentrating Photovoltaic Application (2018)

Concentrating photovoltaic has a major challenge due to the high temperature raised during the process which reduces the efficiency of the solar cell. A multi-layered microchannel heat sink technique is considered more efficient in terms of heat removal and pumping power among many other cooling techniques. Thus, in the current work, multi-layered microchannel heat sink is used for concentrating photovoltaic cooling. The thermal behavior of the system is experimentally and numerically investigated. The results show that in extreme heating load of 30 W/cm2 with heat transfer fluid flow rate of 30 mL/min, increasing the number of layers from one to four reduces the heat source temperature from 88.55 to 73.57 °C. In addition, the single layered MLM heat sink suffers from the highest non-uniformity in the heat source temperature compared to the heat sinks with the higher number of layers. Additionally, the results show that increasing the number of layers from one to four reduces the pressure drop from 162.79 to 32.75 Pa.
Quantifying causal coupling strength: A lag-specific measure for multivariate time series related to transfer entropy (2012)

While it is an important problem to identify the existence of causal associations between two components of a multivariate time series, a topic addressed in Runge, Heitzig, Petoukhov, and Kurths [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 258701 (2012)], it is even more important to assess the strength of their association in a meaningful way. In the present article we focus on the problem of defining a meaningful coupling strength using information-theoretic measures and demonstrate the shortcomings of the well-known mutual information and transfer entropy. Instead, we propose a certain time-delayed conditional mutual information, the momentary information transfer (MIT), as a lag-specific measure of association that is general, causal, reflects a well interpretable notion of coupling strength, and is practically computable. Rooted in information theory, MIT is general in that it does not assume a certain model class underlying the process that generates the time series. As discussed in a previous paper [Runge, Heitzig, Petoukhov, and Kurths, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 258701 (2012)], the general framework of graphical models makes MIT causal in that it gives a nonzero value only to lagged components that are not independent conditional on the remaining process. Further, graphical models admit a low-dimensional formulation of conditions, which is important for a reliable estimation of conditional mutual information and, thus, makes MIT practically computable. MIT is based on the fundamental concept of source entropy, which we utilize to yield a notion of coupling strength that is, compared to mutual information and transfer entropy, well interpretable in that, for many cases, it solely depends on the interaction of the two components at a certain lag. In particular, MIT is, thus, in many cases able to exclude the misleading influence of autodependency within a process in an information-theoretic way. We formalize and prove this idea analytically and numerically for a general class of nonlinear stochastic processes and illustrate the potential of MIT on climatological data.
Compensated convexity and its applications (2007)

We introduce the notions of lower and upper quadratic compensated convex transforms C_{2,\lambda }^{l}(f) and C_{2,\lambda }^{u}(f) respectively and the mixed transforms by composition of these transforms for a given function f\:\text{:}\mathbb{R}^{n}\mapsto \mathbb{R} and for possibly large \lambda > 0 . We study general properties of such transforms, including the so-called ‘tight’ approximation of C_{2,\lambda }^{l}(f) to f as \lambda \rightarrow + \infty and compare our transforms with the well-known Moreau–Yosida regularization (Moreau envelope) and the Lasry–Lions regularization. We also study analytic and geometric properties for both the quadratic lower transform C_{2,\lambda }^{l}(\mathrm{dist}^{2}(x,K)) of the squared-distance function to a compact set K and the quadratic upper transform C_{2,\lambda }^{u}(f) for any convex function f of at most quadratic growth. We show that both C_{2,\lambda }^{l}(\mathrm{dist}^{2}(x,K)) and C_{2,\lambda }^{u}(f) are C^{1,1} approximations of the original functions for large \lambda > 0 and C_{2,\lambda }^{u}(f) remains convex. Explicitly calculated examples of quadratic transforms are given, including the lower transform of squared distance function to a finite set and upper transform for some non-smooth convex functions in mathematical programming.