gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Sphere Algorithms for orthodrome-based collision-free &#x00026; smooth robot motion (2009)

A novel geometric algorithm is proposed that assures a smooth path around the obstacle by generating a virtual sphere around it. The spherical virtual sphere algorithm (SVSA) makes the end-effector (the outermost tip of a closed gripper and hence, considered a point object) of the robot manipulator navigate along the orthodrome, the shortest path connecting the end-points of the obstacle avoidance path on the virtual sphere. The exponential virtual sphere algorithm (EVSA), although uses a virtual sphere to determine the end-points of the obstacle avoidance path, makes the end-effector navigate along an exponential curve around the obstacle. A performance comparison of both these algorithms is presented, followed by achievements over the past algorithms. Unlike some of the existing algorithms that focus on recovering from local minima, virtual sphere algorithms (VSAs) avoid entering a concave obstacle due to the spherical encapsulation. Simplicity due to the geometric nature and guarantee of shortest path are major achievements of VSAs.
Thiols of Intracellular Pathogens (1994)

Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniases, is an intracellular pathogen which proliferates within the host macrophages. Analysis of the thiol composition of L. donovani by means of the thiol-specific reagent, 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin, indicated that this organism produces substantial amounts of ovothiol A. This observation was further substantiated by HPLC of extracts of L. donovani after derivatization with bromobimane. L. donovani extracts contained a thiol, the bimane derivative of which had identical retention time and fluorescence quenching to a thiol from Crithidia fasciculata, which had previously been identified as ovothiol A. By comparison, the intracellular bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium bovis, contained only one major low-molecular-mass thiol, which was assigned the trivial name mycothiol. The structure of the bimane derivative of mycothiol was solved by a combination of one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Spatial relationships in the molecule were further refined by NOE experiments and allowed identification of mycothiol as 1-D-myo-inositol-2-(N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl)amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyra noside. This assignment was confirmed by positive-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry which gave m/z = 677.6 Da and a sodiated species at 699.6 Da. Analysis of the dansylated hydrolysis products of performic-acid-oxidized mycothiol indicated the presence of 0.85 mol glucosamine and 1.02 mol cysteic acid/mol sulfhydryl groups. Crude extracts of M. bovis contained an enzyme which catalysed the NAD(P)H2-dependent reduction of mycothiol disulfide to the free thiol. Analysis of perchloric acid extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV indicated the presence of a thiol which comigrated with mycothiol, both as the free thiol and as the 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin and bimane derivatives, on reverse-phase HPLC. The significance of these findings in terms of the evasion of the host defense mechanisms by leishmania parasites and mycobacteria is considered.
Benign human enterovirus becomes virulent in selenium‐deficient mice (1994)

Coxsackieviruses have been implicated as possible co-factors in the etiology of the selenium (Se)-responsive cardiomyopathy known as Keshan disease. Here we report that a cloned and sequenced amyocarditic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3/0), which causes no pathology in the hearts of Se-adequate mice, induces extensive cardiac pathology in Se-deficient mice. CVB3/0 recovered from the hearts of Se-deficient mice inoculated into Se-adequate mice induced significant heart damage, suggesting mutation of the virus to a virulent genotype. We demonstrate the important role of host nutritional status in determining the severity of a viral infection.
Structural and Optical Characteristics of Thin GaAs Films. II (1966)

Free carrier absorption measurements have been carried out on GaAs films which exhibit an absorption edge shift to lower energies; acceptor concentrations of &gt;1019/cm3 are associated with this shift and causally related to it according to a model proposed by Stern. Absorption measurements on films deposited on a number of substrates and at different temperatures eliminate strain as a major cause in the shift of the edge for polycrystalline films. Reflectivity measurements show a marked dependence on both substrate temperature and thickness. The fall off in reflectivity values for very thick films is associated with the growth of microcrystals in the surface of the films. Examination of these surfaces by electron microscope shows extensive lamellar growth for deposition at temperatures above 350°C; this lamellar growth is explained on the basis of a twin-plane re-entrant growth mechanism. Examination of the films by electron and x-ray diffraction has shown the existence of extra reflections which can be indexed as due to a hcp phase; the existence of these reflections is associated with the lamellar growth in the films.
Fiber-Optic Acetylene Gas Sensor Based on Microstructured Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings (2011)

A fiber-optic acetylene gas sensor based on a microstructured optical fiber Bragg grating (MOFBG) is presented. The microstructured optical fiber (MOF) is specially designed to have a photosensitive core and holey cladding for grating fabrication and gas detection. The micro-holes of the MOF serve as gas cells, in which the acetylene molecules interact with light through the evanescent-waves of guided modes. The MOFBG with a specific period is utilized to not only make the sensor work in reflection mode, but also selectively determine the wavelength and the order of the acting fiber mode for gas sensing. The MOF is prepared by using the well-known stack-and-draw method, and the Bragg gratings are fabricated by using 193-nm laser pulses. Experiments for the use of the MOFBG for acetylene gas detection have been successfully demonstrated.
International comparison of guarded hot plate apparatus using national and regional reference materials (2002)

As part of an international comparison of guarded-hot-plate apparatus, thermal conductivity measurements of four different thermal insulation materials are presented. The test program evaluates one regional and three national reference materials using a two-part experimental plan: 1) five independent replicate measurements taken at. a fixed temperature (297.1 5 K); and, single- point measurements taken at multiple temperatures (280 K to 320 K). The analysis of the replicate data provides rankings for the primary factors -laboratory and material. A major finding of the replicate analysis is the existence of a laboratory-material interaction. In other words, there are laboratory-to-laboratory changes in both location and variation, which change from material to material. Further analyses attempt to determine the sources (i.e., underlying causes) for the variation in the replicate data. Secondary laboratory factors are investigated both individually following a cause-and-effect chart, and collectively using graphical analysis, correlation analysis and analysis of variance. The major finding of the multi-temperature (280 K to 320 K) analysis confirms and supports the laboratory-material interaction as found in the fixed-temperature replicate data analysis.
Presente y futuro del canon por copia privada tras la sentencia del TJUE de 21 de octubre de 2010 en el caso Padawan (2011)

El canon por copia privada viene siendo objeto en los ultimos meses de importantes resoluciones judiciales que limitan su aplicacion indiscriminada, en sintonia con los principios establecidos en la normativa comunitaria y nacional sobre la materia. Sin embargo, la Sentencia TJUE de 21 de octubre de 2010, en el caso Padawan, no habilita para hacer interpretaciones tan restrictivas como las que asumen algunos jueces y tribunales espanoles y buena parte de la opinion publica. El Gobierno debe emprender sin dilacion un proceso de revision del actual sistema, encaminado a alcanzar un justo equilibrio entre los distintos intereses en juego.
Low‐Fat Fresh Pork Sausage Patty Stability in Refrigerated Storage with Potassiunn Lactate (1993)

ABSTRACT Typical pork sausage patties (40% fat), low‐fat (8%) control patties, and low‐fat (8%) patties with 20% added water and 0.4% carrageenan were compared to identical treatments containing 2% potassium lactate. The lactate had no effect on percent discoloration or lean color during refrigerated aerobic storage. Sensory properties of pork sausage treatments were not affected by the lactate salt (P<0.05). Bacterial populations of low‐fat pork sausage patties did not differ (P>0.05); however, the typical patties with 2% potassium lactate had lower (P<0.05) microbial numbers during refrigerated storage than typical fresh pork sausage. TBARS,‘L’,‘a’and‘b’values were unaffected by the potassium lactate (P>0.05).
Neuroprotective effect of methylprednisolone combined with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell in rabbit model of spinal cord injury. (2015)

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the combination treatment of methylprednisolone (MP) and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) in a rabbit model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (MP), group 3 (PDMSCs) and group 4 (MP + PDMSCs). In all groups, the spinal cord injury model was created by the weight drop method. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined by kit. Histopathological examination was also performed. Neurological evaluation was carried out with the Tarlov scoring system. The results showed both MP and PDMSCs had neuroprotective effects, and combining the administration of MP with PDMSCs was shown a significant effect on the recovery of neurological function. Therefore, the combined use of MP and PDMSCs can be used as a potential therapeutic method for SCI.
Effects of filtering by Present call on analysis of microarray experiments (2006)

Use of a threshold fraction of Present detection calls (derived by MAS5) provided a simple method that effectively eliminated from analysis probe sets that are unlikely to be reliable while preserving the most significant probe sets and those turned on or off; it thereby increased the ratio of true positives to false positives.
Glucose-Responsive Hepatic Insulin Gene Therapy of Spontaneously Diabetic BB/Wor Rats (2003)

Hepatic insulin gene therapy (HIGT) ameliorates hyperglycemia in multiple rodent models of diabetes mellitus, with variable degrees of glucose control. We demonstrate here that adenoviral delivery of a glucose-regulated transgene into rat hepatocytes produces near-normal glycemia in spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rats without administration of exogenous insulin. We compared growth, glycemia, counterregulatory hormones, and lipids in HIGT-treated diabetic rats to nondiabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with either insulin injections or sustained-release insulin pellets. HIGT-treated rats achieved near-normal blood glucose levels within 1 week and maintained glycemic control for up to 3 months. Rats treated with sustained release insulin implants had similar blood sugars, but more hypoglycemia and gained more weight than HIGT-treated rats. HIGT-treated rats normalized blood glucose within 2 hr after a glucose load, and tolerated a 24-hr fast without hypoglycemia. HIGT treatment suppressed ketogenesis similarly to peripheral insulin. However, glucagon levels and free fatty acids were increased in HIGT-treated rats compared to either nondiabetic controls or rats treated with exogenous insulin. In addition to extending successful application of HIGT to a rat model of autoimmune diabetes, these findings emphasize the relative contribution of hepatic insulin effect in the metabolic stabilization of diabetes mellitus.
Fluorescence spectra of cells stained with a DNA‐specific dye, measured by flow cytometry (1986)

Fluorescence spectra of ethanol-fixed rat thymocytes stained with the DNA-specific dye Hoechst 33258 have been measured in an arc lamp-based flow cytometer including a grating monochromator in front of the fluorescence detector. Spectral resolution was 5-10 nm. Increasing dye concentration was found to yield an increasing shift of the fluorescence spectrum toward longer wavelengths, thus supporting previous work on soluble DNA that indicated several different binding modes of this dye. The results show that similar data may be obtained for all commonly used DNA-specific dyes. It appears that this type of spectral information may be used to probe the structure of cell chromatin.
The New Age of CCD Observing (2003)

A new species of the genus Thalassironus de Man, 1889 was discovered during several surveys of the offshore marine ecosystem in Korea. This new species belonging to the family Ironidae, Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., shares general morphological traits of the genus such as an optically smooth cuticle, buccal cavity consisting of two parts with three movable teeth and thick cuticularized walls, six rounded lips with ten cephalic setae, slit-like amphid and short conical tail with caudal glands present. The new species is most closely related to T. bohaiensis, first discovered in the Bohai Sea, in terms of body ratio (a, b, c, c') and general morphology, but differs by its generally longer and larger body structures, cervical setae at the level of the buccal cavity, paired somatic setae distributed along the body, and longer/larger spicule. A description of Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., diagnosis of the genus, emended pictorial key for the genus and discussion of important characteristics for the genus is provided.
17 GHz photonic band gap cavity with improved input coupling (2001)

We present the theoretical design and cold test of a 17 GHz photonic band gap (PBG) cavity with improved coupling from an external rectangular waveguide. The PBG cavity is made of a triangular lattice of metal rods with a defect (missing rod) in the center. The ${\mathrm{TM}}_{010}$-like defect mode was chosen as the operating mode. Experimental results are presented demonstrating that critical coupling into the cavity can be achieved by partial withdrawal or removal of some rods from the lattice, a result that agrees with simulations. A detailed design of the PBG accelerator structure is compared with a conventional (pillbox) cavity. One advantage of the PBG cavity is that its resonance frequency is much less perturbed by the input/output coupling structure than in a comparable pillbox cavity. The PBG structure is attractive for future accelerator applications.
Effect of vitamin E supplementation on hypoxia-induced oxidative damage in male albino rats. (2001)

The results indicate that vitamin E supplementation results in preventing oxidative damage due to high altitude stress.
The Composition of a Field of Maize (1908)

The Composition of a Field of Maize Get access George H. Shull George H. Shull Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume os-4, Issue 1, January 1908, Pages 296–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/os-4.1.296 Published: 01 January 1908
A multiple-electron-beam exposure system for high-throughput, direct-write submicrometer lithography (1981)

Scanning-electron-beam lithography has not been generally accepted for the direct writing of patterns on wafers, primarily because of the time required for a single beam to scan a production-sized wafer (100 to 150 mm in diameter). This paper reports progress on a scheme for multiple-beam lithography using an immersion screen lens to overcome the time problem. In this approach, each die of the wafer has its own writing beam. All the beams are scanned and blanked in parallel so that identical patterns are written simultaneously over all dice. A laser interferometer stage under computer control enables dice of large area to be completely covered, despite limitations on the deflection amplitude of the beamlets. It is shown that a 1-min cycle time is practical using PBS resist. Preliminary results from an experimental machine based on these principles are given.
Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrices used in stem cell culture (2011)

Numerous matrices for the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) in vitro have been described. However, their exact composition is typically unknown. Information on the components of these matrices will aid in the development of a fully defined growth surface for hESCs. These matrices typically consist of mixture of proteins present in a wide range of abundance making their characterization challenging. In this study, we performed the proteomic analysis of five previously uncharacterized matrices: CellStart, Human Basement Membrane Extract (Human BME), StemXVivo, Bridge Human Extracellular Matrix (BridgeECM), and mouse embryonic fibroblast conditioned matrix (MEF-CMTX). Based on a proteomics protocol optimized using lysates from HeLa cells, we undertook the analysis of the five complex extracellular matrix (ECM) samples using a combination of strong anion and cation exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE. For each of these matrices, we identify numerous proteins, indicating their complex nature. We also compared these results with a similar proteomics analysis of the growth matrix, Matrigel™. From these analyses, we observed that fibronectin is a primary component of nearly all hESC supportive matrices. This observation led to the investigation of the suitability of fibronectin as a defined ECM for the growth of hESCs. We found that fibronectin promotes the maintenance of pluripotent H9 and CA1 hESCs in an undifferentiated state using mTeSR1 medium. This finding validates the utility of characterizing matrices used for hESC growth in revealing ECM components required for culturing hESCs in a universally applicable defined system.
An automated photovoltaic system for the measurement of resistivity variations in high-resistivity circular silicon slices (1979)

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act oT
Absence of a close linkage between Alzheimer's disease susceptibility gene and a polymorphic DNA probe coding for beta-amyloid. (1988)

The hypothesis of a connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) gene and the probe coding for beta-amyloid (beta-A), located on chromosome 21, was investigated in a large study group from Calabria, in which AD was transmitted as an autosomal dominant Mendelian trait. Segregation analysis of one EcoRI restriction polymorphism of beta-A, after molecular hybridization with a long cDNA probe of DNAs from key-individuals in the study group, determined that there was not a close connection between AD and beta-A.
A CA repeat 30–70 Kb downstream from the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene (1992)

Nucleic Acids Research , 19, p. 6348 (1991) Please note that the nucleotide sequence of one of the primers, LNS-CA2, was published incorrectly in this paper. The correct sequence is listed below. LNS-CA2: 5'-AGCAGATAAGACAGTATTACTAGTT-3'
Quantitative assessment of manual and robotic microcannulation for eye surgery using new eye model (2014)

An eye model was used to quantitatively assess the robotic microcannulation performance in comparison to manual operation. This approach could be valid for a better evaluation of surgical robotic assistance.
Designed Synthesis of Solid State Structural Isomers from Modulated Reactants (1996)

A series of new, kinetically stable, crystalline superlattice compounds containing integral number of intergrown dichalcogenide layers were prepared through controlled crystallization of Ti/Se/Nb/Se superlattice reactants with designed compositional modulation. Discussed in this paper is a family of structural isomers with the overall stoichiometry of NbTiSe4. Specifically, the members of this series containing 1/1, 2/2, 3/3, 4/4, 6/6, 8/8, 9/9, 12/12, and 15/15 TiSe2/NbSe2 units as the unit cell of the superlattice were prepared as polycrystalline thin films oriented with the dichalcogenide layers perpendicular to the substrate surface. Low-angle diffraction data collected as a function of time and temperature reveal that the initial layered reactant contracts in the c-axis direction and that the interfaces become smoother during initial interdiffusion. Theta−theta scans show a gradual decrease of the (00l) diffraction line widths of the growing compound as a function of annealing time and temperature indicating an increase in the c-axis domain size. High-angle rocking curve diffraction data show increasing c-axis orientation, suggesting TiSe2/NbSe2 crystal growth perpendicular to the substrate surface upon low-temperature annealing. The end products of this synthetic approach are high quality c-axis-oriented TiSe2/NbSe2 crystalline superlattices with designed structure resulting from relatively low-temperature annealing at 500 °C. A working model for the formation of crystalline superlattices from the modulated reactants is presented which is consistent with the data.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor: Production and Growth Stimulation in Cultured Adrenal Cortex Cells* (1987)

Cultured bovine adrenal cortex cells express the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene and contain, but under normal conditions apparently do not release, bFGF. However, once released, bFGF can stimulate proliferation of the cells, indicating that it could act as a self-stimulating growth factor for adrenal cortex cells. It is conceivable that the intracellular bFGF is released upon injury of the adrenal cortex and that it may be involved in the subsequent tissue repair mechanisms by stimulating the proliferation of adrenal cortical and vascular endothelial cells.
Transmembrane Topology of the Secretory Na+-K+-2Cl− Cotransporter NKCC1 Studied by in Vitro Translation (2000)

The secretory Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1 is a member of a small gene family of electroneutral salt transporters. Hydropathy analyses indicate that all of these transporters have a similar general structure consisting of large hydrophilic N and C termini on either side of a central, relatively well conserved, hydrophobic domain. Programs that predict the transmembrane topology of polytopic membrane proteins identify 10-12 putative membrane-spanning segments (MSSs) in this hydrophobic domain; but to date, there is little experimental data on the structure of this region for any of these transporters. In this report, we have studied the transmembrane topology of NKCC1 using an in vitro translation system designed to test the membrane insertion properties of putative MSSs (Bamberg, K., and Sachs, G. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16909-16919). Fusion proteins consisting of putative NKCC1 MSSs inserted either (i) between an N-terminal cytosolic anchor sequence and a C-terminal reporter sequence containing multiple N-linked glycosidation sites or (ii) between an N-terminal signal anchor sequence and the same glycosidation flag were expressed in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomes. The glycosidation status of the reporter sequence, which indicated its luminal or extraluminal location in the microsomes, was then used to characterize the signal anchor or stop transfer activity of the inserted MSSs. The results of this experimental analysis yielded a topology scheme consisting of 12 membrane-spanning segments, two pairs of which apparently form rather tight hairpin-like structures within the membrane.