gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemistry, genetics and physiology of microbial styrene degradation (2002)

The last few decades have seen a steady increase in the global production and utilisation of the alkenylbenzene, styrene. The compound is of major importance in the petrochemical and polymer-processing industries, which can contribute to the pollution of natural resources via the release of styrene-contaminated effluents and off-gases. This is a cause for some concern as human over-exposure to styrene, and/or its early catabolic intermediates, can have a range of destructive health effects. These features have prompted researchers to investigate routes of styrene degradation in microorganisms, given the potential application of these organisms in bioremediation/biodegradation strategies. This review aims to examine the recent advances which have been made in elucidating the underlying biochemistry, genetics and physiology of microbial styrene catabolism, identifying areas of interest for the future and highlighting the potential industrial importance of individual catabolic pathway enzymes.
Identification of 5-HT3 receptors on human platelets: Increased surface immunoreactivity after activation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) (2008)

Identification of 5-HT3 receptors on human platelets: Increased surface immunoreactivity after activation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) -
Soybean GmDREBL Increases Lipid Content in Seeds of Transgenic Arabidopsis (2016)

A DREB-type transcription factor gene GmDREBL has been characterized for its functions in oil accumulation in seeds. The gene is specifically expressed in soybean seeds. The GmDREBL is localized in nucleus and has transcriptional activation ability. Overexpression of GmDREBL increased the fatty acid content in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. GmDREBL can bind to the promoter region of WRI1 to activate its expression. Several other genes in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway were also enhanced in the GmDREBL-transgenic plants. The GmDREBL can be up-regulated by GmABI3 and GmABI5. Additionally, overexpression of GmDREBL significantly promoted seed size in transgenic plants compared to that of WT plants. Expression of the DREBL is at higher level on the average in cultivated soybeans than that in wild soybeans. The promoter of the DREBL may have been subjected to selection during soybean domestication. Our results demonstrate that GmDREBL participates in the regulation of fatty acid accumulation by controlling the expression of WRI1 and its downstream genes, and manipulation of the gene may increase the oil contents in soybean plants. Our study provides novel insights into the function of DREB-type transcription factors in oil accumulation in addition to their roles in stress response.
New results for self-sensing active magnetic bearings using modulation approach (2005)

The concept of self-sensing active magnetic bearings (AMBs) is to eliminate the position sensors and estimate the position of the levitated object by measuring the bearing coil current. The main interest of this approach consists in reducing production costs and hardware complexity. Although the idea of self-sensing itself is not new and research has been carried out for years in this topic, it still remains a challenge. Many self-sensing methods have been proposed in literature, however they are all very delicate to realize. For this reason, there is still no industrial application for self-sensing magnetic bearings. This paper investigates the realization of a self-sensing AMB suitable for industrial use. The system must be robust and relatively low cost. In order to do that, this work explores a self-sensing configuration based on the current amplitude modulation. This approach is applied to an AMB test rig using reference sensors.
Improving Construction Communication (2005)

Data collected from Arizona Department of Transportation customers during the SR-51 project were examined. During the $75 million project, approximately 10 mi of SR-51 between I-10 and SR-101 was renovated to include new high-occupancy-vehicle lanes and rubberized asphalt. Communication was measured by customers’ (e.g., motorists’ as well as local residents’ and businesses’) utilization of four direct communication channels (e.g., construction signage) and four indirect communication channels (e.g., television programming). Satisfaction was measured by a composite score based on customer satisfaction with traffic, dust, noise, signage, and information during the construction process. Almost all respondents relied on at least one channel for construction communication, and almost 80% of respondents reported using between one and three channels. The most frequently used channel was construction signs (55.9%), and the least frequently used channel was e-mail alerts (1.5%). Fewer than 4% of the respondents did not use any communication channel. Direct communication channels resulted in higher customer satisfaction than did indirect communication channels. Construction bulletins contributed the most to customer satisfaction, followed by the project website. Neither television nor radio contributed to customer satisfaction. As sources of project communication, neighbors and friends had a strong but negative effect on customer satisfaction.
PPG-based Finger-level Gesture Recognition Leveraging Wearables (2018)

This paper subverts the traditional understanding of Photoplethysmography (PPG) and opens up a new direction of the utility of PPG in commodity wearable devices, especially in the domain of human computer interaction of fine-grained gesture recognition. We demonstrate that it is possible to leverage the widely deployed PPG sensors in wrist-worn wearable devices to enable finger-level gesture recognition, which could facilitate many emerging human-computer interactions (e.g., sign-language interpretation and virtual reality). While prior solutions in gesture recognition require dedicated devices (e.g., video cameras or IR sensors) or leverage various signals in the environments (e.g., sound, RF or ambient light), this paper introduces the first PPG-based gesture recognition system that can differentiate fine-grained hand gestures at finger level using commodity wearables. Our innovative system harnesses the unique blood flow changes in a user's wrist area to distinguish the user's finger and hand movements. The insight is that hand gestures involve a series of muscle and tendon movements that compress the arterial geometry with different degrees, resulting in significant motion artifacts to the blood flow with different intensity and time duration. By leveraging the unique characteristics of the motion artifacts to PPG, our system can accurately extract the gesture-related signals from the significant background noise (i.e., pulses), and identify different minute finger-level gestures. Extensive experiments are conducted with over 3600 gestures collected from 10 adults. Our prototype study using two commodity PPG sensors can differentiate nine finger-level gestures from American Sign Language with an average recognition accuracy over 88%, suggesting that our PPG-based finger-level gesture recognition system is promising to be one of the most critical components in sign language translation using wearables.
The IL-2 Deficiency Syndrome (1998)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine with pleiotropic effects on T-, B- and NK-cells (1), binds to cell surface receptors consisting of at least three subunits (for review, see ref. 2): an IL-2 specific a-chain with low binding affinity and no signal-transducing capacity; a (3-chain that is shared with the IL-15 receptor (3,4) and participates in signaling through its cytoplasmic tail; and the “common” γ-chain (γc) shared by receptors for IL-4, -7, -9, and -15 that also takes part in signal transduction (3,5–9, for a review see ref. 10). In line with the sharing of (s- and γ-chains by IL-2 and IL-15 receptors, a number of overlapping biological activities have been reported for both cytokines such as the induction of T- and NK-cell proliferation and, at least in humans, the promotion of B-cell growth and Ig production (4,11,12). However, additional IL-2 or IL-15-specific biological responses can so far not be excluded, and the different sources of the two lymphokines, i.e., mainly activated T-cells for IL-2 versus a wide variety of non-lymphocytic cells for IL-15 (4) predict that in vivo, the two cytokines will play quite distinct roles in the regulation of lymphocyte activation. Therefore, it will be important to keep in mind the possible contributions of IL-15 to the development and functioning of the immune system in the IL-2 deficient mice that are the object of this chapter, as compared to mice lacking components of the IL-2 receptor system.
Origin of Ferroelectricity in Epitaxial Si-Doped HfO<sub>2</sub> Films (2019)

HfO<sub>2</sub>-based unconventional ferroelectric materials were recently discovered and have attracted a great deal of attention in both academia and industry. The growth of epitaxial Si-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> films has opened up a route to understand the mechanism of ferroelectricity. Here, we used pulsed laser deposition to grow epitaxial Si-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> films in different orientations of N-type SrTiO<sub>3</sub> substrates. Polar nanodomains can be written and read using piezoforce microscopy, and these domains are reversibly switched with a phase change of 180°. Films with different thicknesses displayed a coercive field E<sub>c</sub> and a remnant polarization P<sub>r</sub> of approximately 4-5 MV/cm and 8-32 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results identified that the as-grown Si-doped HfO<sub>2</sub> films have strained fluorite structures. The ABAB stacking mode of the Hf atomic grid observed by HRTEM clearly demonstrates that the ferroelectricity originates from the noncentrosymmetric Pca2<sub>1</sub> polar structure. Combined with soft X-ray absorption spectra, the results showed that the Pca2<sub>1</sub> ferroelectric crystal structure manifested as an O sublattice distortion by the effect of the interface strain and Si dopant interactions, resulting in a nanoscaled ferroelectric ordered state because of further crystal splitting.
Localization and early time course of TGF‐β1 mRNA expression in dystrophic muscle (2004)

Fibrosis is a common pathological feature observed in muscle from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In the dystrophic (mdx) mouse model of DMD, the diaphragm is more severely affected than other skeletal muscles. The level of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), an inflammatory cytokine, is significantly elevated in mdx diaphragm. However, little is known about the onset of TGF-beta1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression, or which cells express the mRNA. In this study, we characterized the location and time course of expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in diaphragm from mdx mice. TGF-beta1 mRNA was significantly elevated in mdx diaphragm at 6 and 9 but not 12 weeks of age, and these changes corresponded with changes in type I collagen mRNA and hydroxyproline concentration. Mononucleated cells localized to areas of fiber necrosis highly expressed the TGF-beta1 transcript in mdx diaphragm. Neutralization of TGF-beta1 by decorin administration resulted in a 40% reduction in the level of diaphragm muscle type I collagen mRNA. These findings support a role for TGF-beta1 during the early stages of fibrogenesis in dystrophic diaphragm muscle. Therapeutic interventions aimed at neutralizing this cytokine may be beneficial in slowing the development of fibrosis in DMD.
The pattern of bacteraemia in children with severe malaria. (2002)

Bacteraemia is a recognised complication of severe malaria and may increase mortality. We determined 1) the rate and pattern of bacteraemia in children with severe malaria; 2) the impact of bacteraemia on case-fatality rate; and 3) the rate and pattern of bacteraemia in following blood transfusion for severe malarial anaemia. For the first two objectives, a prospective study was undertaken involving children admitted consecutively to the Malaria Research Project ward between February 1996 and June 1999. Blood culture was performed on admission. Independent associations with bacteraemia and mortality were determined by logistic regression. Of 701 children with a final diagnosis of severe malaria, 36 (5.1%) had bacteraemia. A wide range of bacteria was isolated and the commonest was non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS: n=18 or 50% of all isolates). The rate of bacteraemia was significantly higher in children with severe malarial anaemia without coma (11.2%) than in children with cerebral malaria without anaemia (3.2%) and this was due to the significant association of NTS bacteraemia with severe malarial anaemia (p<0.001). The overall case-fatality rate was 15% and was higher in children with bacteraemia (22%) but this difference was not significant. For the third objective, data were collected retrospectively of all children who received a blood transfusion in the paediatric department from March 1996 until May 1997 inclusive. A total of 1712 children received a blood transfusion. Of these, 243 (14.2%) had a blood culture taken for the investigation of fever following transfusion; a pathogen was grown from 60 (24.7%). NTS bacteraemia accounted for 76.3% of all bacteraemia cases. NTS bacteraemia is a common complication of severe malarial anaemia.
A plant serpin gene (1990)

A 3133-bp nucleotide sequence of the gene Paz1 on chromosome 4 of barley, encoding endosperm protein Z4, has been determined. The sequence includes 1079 bp 5' upstream and 523 bp 3' downstream of the coding region. The 1079-bp 5' upstream region of the gene shows little similarity to 5' regions of other sequences genes expressed in the developing cereal endosperm. The coding sequence is interrupted by one 334-bp-long intron (bases 1497-1830). The deduced amino acid sequence, which was corroborated by peptide sequences, consists of 399 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 43,128 Da. This sequence confirms protein Z4 to be a member of the serpin superfamily of proteins. The similarity with other members of the family expressed as amino acids in identical positions is in the order of 25-30% and pronounced in the carboxy-terminal half of the molecule. Sequence residues assumed to form clusters stabilizing the tertiary structure are highly conserved. Protein Z4 is synthesized in the developing endosperm without a signal peptide and protein Z4 mRNA was evenly distributed among the free and membrane-bound polyribosomes of the endosperm cell. An internal hydrophobic region of 21 amino acids (residues 36-56) may serve as a signal for targeting the polypeptide into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The gene for protein Z4 could not be detected in the barley variety Maskin and some of its descendants. The 'high-lysine' allees, lys1 (Hiproly barley) and lys3a (Bomi mutant 1508) on chromosome 7, enhance and repress, respectively, the expression of the protein Z4 gene. Also, 1554 bp of another 8-kbp fragment of the barley genome Paz psi, similar to the protein-Z4-coding region, have been determined. Small insertions and deletions and the presence of an internal stop codon identify this fragment as part of a pseudogene related to the protein Z4 gene.
Flagellum-Mediated Biofilm Defense Mechanisms of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> against Host-Derived Lactoferrin (2009)

Chronic infection with the gram-negative organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human patients, despite high doses of antibiotics used to treat the various diseases this organism causes. These infections are chronic because P. aeruginosa readily forms biofilms, which are inherently resistant to antibiotics as well as the host's immune system. Our laboratory has been investigating specific mutations in P. aeruginosa that regulate biofilm bacterial susceptibility to the host. To continue our investigation of the role of genetics in bacterial biofilm host resistance, we examined P. aeruginosa biofilms that lack the flgK gene. This mutant lacks flagella, which results in defects in early biofilm development (up to 36 h). For these experiments, the flgK-disrupted strain and the parental strain (PA14) were used in a modified version of the 96-well plate microtiter assay. Biofilms were challenged with freshly isolated human leukocytes for 4 to 6 h and viable bacteria enumerated by CFU. Subsequent to the challenge, both mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) and neutrophils, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), were required for optimal killing of the flgK biofilm bacteria. We identified a cytokine cross talk network between mononuclear cells and neutrophils that was essential to the production of lactoferrin and bacterial killing. Our data suggest that TNF-alpha is secreted from mononuclear cells, causing neutrophil activation, resulting in the secretion of bactericidal concentrations of lactoferrin. These results extend previous studies of the importance of lactoferrin in the innate immune defense against bacterial biofilms.
Anionic Polymerization of Acrylamide (1960)

長鎖アルキル基を有する化合物の存在下で,アクリルアミド(AA)のベンゼン溶液陰イオン重合を行なつた。C11H23・CO2H,C11H23CONH2,C11H23CO2CH3の存在ではAAは重合せず,C12H25OH,C12H25SHとはおもに1:1付加物を生じた。C12H25NH2とAAからはおもにラウリル基を有する低重合物と,少量のAAホモポリマーおよび1:1付加物を生ずる。この低重合物はポリアミド型非イオン表面活性剤で, 最適条件を検討した結果, 重合触媒としてCH3ONa溶液,ラジカル重合禁止剤としてニトロベンゼンを用い,C12H25NH2:AAモル比1:10の場合に最も表面張力低下能がすぐれ,水溶性のよい活性剤が得られた。この活性剤の変形としてC18H37NH2の場合やメチロールアクリルアミド,ビニルエーテルなどの共重合も検討した。
State of the art and new perspectives on dry powder inhalers. (2001)

Modern local therapy for lung diseases is now largely based on pressurized metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). The research of alternatives to MDIs has recently accelerated, primarily due to environmental concerns related to the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants. The most recent and attractive solution to this problem is represented by the development of dry powder inhalers (DPIs), particularly designed to avoid the use of propellants. DPIs have been developed for specific products, therefore they possess a reduced versatility in term of application of the same device to different drugs. However, they did introduce new concepts in pulmonary drug delivery, solving some disadvantages of the pressurized devices. They are in their infancy and the efforts of researchers are now impressive. The future will certainly see many other devices containing additional innovative features for the effective respiratory delivery of drug. The goals still remain the delivery of precise and uniform drug doses and increasing the respirable fraction in relation to the dose emitted from the device.
Reducing the Rank in Relational Factorization Models by Including Observable Patterns (2014)

Tensor factorization has become a popular method for learning from multi-relational data. In this context, the rank of the factorization is an important parame-ter that determines runtime as well as generalization ability. To identify conditions under which factorization is an efficient approach for learning from relational data, we derive upper and lower bounds on the rank required to recover adjacency tensors. Based on our findings, we propose a novel additive tensor factorization model to learn from latent and observable patterns on multi-relational data and present a scalable algorithm for computing the factorization. We show experimentally both that the proposed additive model does improve the predictive performance over pure latent variable methods and that it also reduces the required rank — and therefore runtime and memory complexity — significantly. 1
Order in Thin Organic Films (1994)

This book describes the various methods currently used to deposit highly ordered organic films, and the physical techniques employed in characterising their properties. Such films are the subject of a great deal of research, motivated by their potential application in micro-electronics. Beginning with a discussion of the necessary basic physics and chemistry, the book proceeds to a description of the main topics of current research in this field. The Langmuir–Blodgett technique, self-assembly, and methods of film deposition exploiting the ordered structure of mesophases are described in detail. Liquid crystals, films at the air/water interface and biomembranes are also discussed. The book is aimed at those graduate students and established research workers with an interest in the physics and chemistry of these fascinating structures.
On fault tolerant decoding of Turbo codes (2012)

Decoding of Turbo Codes requires buffer memories to store the received values and the extrinsic information that is exchanged between the constituent decoders. In this paper, the effect of unreliable buffer memories on the decoding performance is analyzed. The buffer is modeled as a discrete memoryless channel, which introduces spatially independent and uniform bit errors on the binary representation of the stored values. This leads to a strong performance degradation if a conventional Turbo decoding algorithm is employed. It is however shown that suitable modification of quantizer, index assignment, and of the transition metrics of the MAP algorithm can effectively compensate for these errors.
Uniform tissues engineered by seeding and culturing cells in 3D scaffolds under perfusion at defined oxygen tensions (2006)

In this work, we assessed whether culture of uniformly seeded chondrocytes under direct perfusion, which supplies the cells with normoxic oxygen levels, can maintain a uniform distribution of viable cells throughout porous scaffolds several milimeters in thickness, and support the development of uniform tissue grafts. An integrated bioreactor system was first developed to streamline the steps of perfusion cell seeding of porous scaffolds and perfusion culture of the cell-seeded scaffolds. Oxygen tensions in perfused constructs were monitored by in-line oxygen sensors incorporated at the construct inlet and outlet. Adult human articular chondrocytes were perfusion-seeded into 4.5 mm thick foam scaffolds at a rate of 1 mm/s. Cell-seeded foams were then either cultured statically in dishes or further cultured under perfusion at a rate of 100 microm/s for 2 weeks. Following perfusion seeding, viable cells were uniformly distributed throughout the foams. Constructs subsequently cultured statically were highly heterogeneous, with cells and matrix concentrated at the construct periphery. In contrast, constructs cultured under perfusion were highly homogeneous, with uniform distributions of cells and matrix. Oxygen tensions of the perfused medium were maintained near normoxic levels (inlet congruent with 20%, outlet > 15%) at all times of culture. We have demonstrated that perfusion culture of cells seeded uniformly within porous scaffolds, at a flow rate maintaining a homogeneous oxygen supply, supports the development of uniform engineering tissue grafts of clinically relevant thicknesses.
Proportional Fair Scheduling in Multi-Carrier Networks Using Channel Predictions (2010)

Proportional Fair Scheduling (PFS) is an important scheduling algorithm in wireless networks, aiming to utilize network resources efficiently while providing fairness among users. Recent progress in channel predictions makes it possible for the scheduler to take into account the achievable rates of users in the upcoming transmission intervals. In this paper we investigate the Predictive PFS in a multi-carrier system and show that the resulting optimization problem is a complex combinatorial problem in both time and frequency dimensions. We propose two suboptimal algorithms, and apply them to evaluate the effects of considering the predicted data rates on the performance of the network. Extensive simulations indicate improvements in both the achievable system throughput and access fairness among the users compared to the existing multichannel PFS method that does not use channel prediction.