gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CFD calculation of convective heat transfer coefficients and validation – Part I: Laminar flow (2006)

La dynamique de fluide computationnelle (CFD) est souvent utilisée pour étudier le transfert de chaleur entre un matériau et une lame d’air puisque la CFD peut calculer avec précision le profil de vitesse dans la couche limite. Cependant, les logiciels commerciaux de CFD comportent plusieurs limites pour modéliser l’humidité dans les matériaux poreux. Conséquemment, un modèle a été développé par les auteurs pour simuler le transfert \nd’humidité entre une lame d’air et un matériau poreux en utilisant la CFD intégrée à un modèle de transfert de diffusion de l’humidité. Dans cet article, la CFD est utilisée pour modéliser la chaleur, le mouvement d’air et le transfert d’humidité dans l’air incluant\nl’échange radiatif et le transfert convectif de chaleur ainsi que la conduction de chaleur dans le matériau. Le transfert d’humidité dans le matériau est calculé en relais, à chaque pas de temps, avec un modèle complémentaire. Une étude de cas est réalisée pour un écoulement d’air laminaire au-dessus d’une éprouvette de bois.
CAF-1 Is Essential for Heterochromatin Organization in Pluripotent Embryonic Cells (2006)

During mammalian development, chromatin dynamics and epigenetic marking are important for genome reprogramming. Recent data suggest an important role for the chromatin assembly machinery in this process. To analyze the role of chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) during pre-implantation development, we generated a mouse line carrying a targeted mutation in the gene encoding its large subunit, p150CAF-1. Loss of p150CAF-1 in homozygous mutants leads to developmental arrest at the 16-cell stage. Absence of p150CAF-1 in these embryos results in severe alterations in the nuclear organization of constitutive heterochromatin. We provide evidence that in wild-type embryos, heterochromatin domains are extensively reorganized between the two-cell and blastocyst stages. In p150CAF-1 mutant 16-cell stage embryos, the altered organization of heterochromatin displays similarities to the structure of heterochromatin in two- to four-cell stage wild-type embryos, suggesting that CAF-1 is required for the maturation of heterochromatin during preimplantation development. In embryonic stem cells, depletion of p150CAF-1 using RNA interference results in the mislocalization, loss of clustering, and decondensation of pericentric heterochromatin domains. Furthermore, loss of CAF-1 in these cells results in the alteration of epigenetic histone methylation marks at the level of pericentric heterochromatin. These alterations of heterochromatin are not found in p150CAF-1-depleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which are cells that are already lineage committed, suggesting that CAF-1 is specifically required for heterochromatin organization in pluripotent embryonic cells. Our findings underline the role of the chromatin assembly machinery in controlling the spatial organization and epigenetic marking of the genome in early embryos and embryonic stem cells.
An In Silico Knockout Model for Gastrointestinal Absorption Using a Systems Pharmacology Approach - Development and Application for Ketones (2016)

Gastrointestinal absorption and disposition of ketones is complex. Recent work describing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) following oral ingestion of a ketone monoester ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) found multiple input sites, nonlinear disposition and feedback on endogenous production. In the current work, a human systems pharmacology model for gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent disposition of small molecules (monocarboxylic acids with molecular weight < 200 Da) was developed with an application to a ketone monoester. The systems model was developed by collating the information from the literature and knowledge gained from empirical population modelling of the clinical data. In silico knockout variants of this systems model were used to explore the mechanism of gastrointestinal absorption of ketones. The knockouts included active absorption across different regions in the gut and also a passive diffusion knockout, giving 10 gut knockouts in total. Exploration of knockout variants has suggested that there are at least three distinct regions in the gut that contribute to absorption of ketones. Passive diffusion predominates in the proximal gut and active processes contribute to the absorption of ketones in the distal gut. Low doses are predominantly absorbed from the proximal gut by passive diffusion whereas high doses are absorbed across all sites in the gut. This work has provided mechanistic insight into the absorption process of ketones, in the form of unique in silico knockouts that have potential for application with other therapeutics. Future studies on absorption process of ketones are suggested to substantiate findings in this study.
Changes in body composition in mice during feeding and withdrawal of conjugated linoleic acid (1999)

Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 8-wk-old mice were fed control diet or diet supplemented with 0.5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to study the effect of CLA on body composition (CLA: 40.8-41.1% c-9,t-11 isomer, 43.5-44.9% t-10,c-12 isomer). The data for CLA-fed mice vs. controls described parallel but significantly distinct responses for both absolute and relative changes in body fat mass (reduced in CLA-fed mice) and for relative changes in whole body protein and whole body water (both of which were increased in CLA-fed mice). In the CLA-fed mice, the effect on whole body protein appeared to precede the reduction in body fat mass. In Experiment 2, weanling mice were fed control diet or diet supplemented with 0.5% CLA for 4 wk (test group), at which time all mice were fed control diet devoid of added CLA. The test group exhibited significantly reduced body fat and significantly enhanced whole body water relative to controls at the time of diet change. Time trends for changes in relative body composition were described by parallel lines where the test group exhibited significantly less body fat but significantly more whole body protein, whole body water, and whole body ash than controls. Tissue CLA levels declined following the withdrawal of CLA from the diet. In skeletal muscle of mice fed CLA-supplemented diet, the t-10,c-12 isomer was cleared significantly faster than the c-9,t-11 CLA isomer.
Dense Pure Tungsten Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (2017)

Additive manufacturing using tungsten, a brittle material, is difficult because of its high melting point, thermal conductivity, and oxidation tendency. In this study, pure tungsten parts with densities of up to 18.53 g/cm3 (i.e., 96.0% of the theoretical density) were fabricated by selective laser melting. In order to minimize balling effects, the raw polyhedral tungsten powders underwent a spheroidization process before laser consolidation. Compared with polyhedral powders, the spherical powders showed increased laser absorptivity and packing density, which helped in the formation of a continuous molten track and promoted densification.
Adherence to macrophages in erythroblastic islands enhances erythroblast proliferation and increases erythrocyte production by a different mechanism than erythropoietin (2007)

Erythroblasts adhere to central macrophages forming erythroblastic islands in hematopoietic tissues, but the function of these islands is not understood. Murine erythroblastic islands were reconstituted in vitro with macrophages and developmentally synchronous proerythroblasts. Erythroblasts cocultured with macrophages proliferated 3-fold greater than erythroblasts cultured alone. Direct contact with the macrophages was necessary for this enhanced erythroblast proliferation, which resulted from decreased transit time in the G(0)/G(1) phase of cell cycle. Increased erythroblast proliferation in erythroblastic islands occurred over a wide range of erythropoietin concentrations and was the result of a mechanism different from the antiapoptotic effect of erythropoietin. Erythroblasts adherent to macrophages had slightly delayed enucleation, but otherwise differentiation was similar to erythroblasts cultured alone or those that became nonadherent in cocultures. These results suggest a mechanism for the development of anemias associated with abnormal macrophage function and for reduced responsiveness of those anemias to erythropoietin therapy.
Enhancement of meat production by environmental manipulations in embryo and young broilers (2006)

Enhancing meat production by genetic selection for growth has already produced 5-week-old broilers weighing more than 2 kg. As growth performance characteristics continue to improve and the time it takes to achieve market size decreases, the period of embryonic development becomes a greater proportion of the bird's life. Therefore, in parallel to genetic selection, other approaches, such as environmental manipulations in the embryo or in the early days posthatch, are becoming more relevant for increasing muscle growth and meat production.Recently, we have shown that nutritional treatments, i.e., providing feed immediately posthatch, or environmental treatments, such as heat conditioning or monochromatic green-light illumination during the first days posthatch, increase muscle growth and breast muscle weight at marketing day. In all cases, the increase in muscle growth was due to changes at the cellular and molecular levels leading to increased satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.The significant effects on muscle growth resulting from the treatments in the first days posthatch raised the hypothesis that muscle growth could be affected during the embryonic development. In experiments in which eggs were illuminated under monochromatic green light from embryonic day 5 (E5), there was a positive effect on embryo development and posthatch muscle growth. Further studies revealed that this enhanced muscle weight was due to increased satellite cell number and fiber synchronization during early days posthatch. Thermal manipulation at 38.5°C from E16 to E18 for 3 h/day had a delayed effect on satellite-cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in enhanced hypertrophy of myofibers at market age.
Feature clustering for vehicle detection and tracking in road traffic surveillance (2009)

In this paper, we formulate the feature clustering problem for vehicle detection and tracking as a general MAP problem and solve it using MCMC. The proposed approach exhibits two advantages over existing methods: general Bayesian model can handle arbitrary objective functions and MCMC guarantees global optimal solution. Our algorithm is validated on real-world traffic video sequences, and is shown to outperform the state-of-the-art approach.
A Python Based Enhanced Secret Sharing Scheme to Secure Information using Cryptography Techniques (2014)

There are lots of algorithms and concepts that are employed to secure intellectual property of the user. In this paper a scheme known as secret sharing is used to securely distribute user's work among different parties. Objective behind the paper is to provide such a protocol that enhance and achieve privacy and other expectations of the owner of the information. The scheme states that, the information is accessible only when at least k shareholders from n must get together. User's shares are constructing through quadratic polynomial. To make such a scheme more relevant to its users, the concept of cryptography is applied. Here the shares are encrypted so that dishonest dealer and malicious participants are not able to view or alter the data. The shares are enciphered by using different encryption algorithms to make a comparative study and to know most secure and powerful among them. "PyCrypto" a python based cryptography tool is used for this purpose.
Optimization of Switched MIMO Systems Over Rayleigh Fading Channels (2007)

This paper proposes a new switched MIMO system where the MIMO includes both diversity-based MIMO and spatial multiplexing MIMO (SM-MIMO). The proposed scheme is a closed-loop system where the feedback bits are sent back to the transmitter to indicate the channel quality. The switching operation is employed among groups of a certain number of transmit antennas. For diversity-based MIMO systems, the switching operation aims to improve the link performance, while the goal of the switching for the SM-MIMO systems is to increase the data rate. The authors analyze and optimize the proposed systems and show that there is considerable benefit in terms of performance and practical use
Novel vehicle detection system based on line scan camera (2010)

In order to improve the precision and real-time character of the traditional video-based traffic detector,a novel vehicle detector based on line scan camera is developed.In this system,the vertical view images of vehicles are captured by two line scan cameras which are mounted on the pole's arm over the roadway.The distance between two cameras is 2 meters along the road.The vehicle's outline region in the captured image is extracted with a wavelet transform algorithm,and the vehicle's speed is estimated by a curve correlation method.The testing result proves that the performance of vehicle detector based on line scan camera on vehicle counting and speed estimation is better than the vehicle detector based on video camera.
Sequential Intramolecular Cyclobutadiene Cycloaddition, Ring-Opening Metathesis, and Cope Rearrangement:  Total Syntheses of (+)- and (−)-Asteriscanolide (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSequential Intramolecular Cyclobutadiene Cycloaddition, Ring-Opening Metathesis, and Cope Rearrangement: Total Syntheses of (+)- and (−)-AsteriscanolideJohn Limanto and Marc L. SnapperView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 33, 8071–8072Publication Date (Web):August 4, 2000Publication History Received2 June 2000Published online4 August 2000Published inissue 23 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001946bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001946brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5090Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Metathesis,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Rug Weaving Techniques: Beyond the Basics (1990)

Equipment and general rug-weaving techniques weft-face rugs in plain weave weft-face rugs in multi-shaft weaves twills blockweaves warp-face rugs twinning rug finishes workshop practice.
Innovative press pack modules for high power IGBTs (2002)

A new IGBT press pack package was developed to meet increasingly challenging requirements for high power converters, such as in power systems applications. The package offers significantly high tolerance to pressure nonuniformity and allows up to 100 kN of stacking pressure while effectively protecting sensitive silicon chips by using a flexible contact concept. The package is resilient to explosion and is designed to provide short circuit contact upon eventual failure. Modular design is adapted to achieve high degree of standardization and provide flexibility in current rating at the same time.
Association of the Type and Time of Insemination within the Menstrual Cycle with the Human Sex Ratio at Birth (1974)

With use of the shift in the basal body temperature as a reference point, a study of the effects of time and type of insemination was carried out on 1318 conception cycles. The sex ratio was found to change significantly during the menstrual cycle both in natural and in artificial insemination, although the trends were opposite. In natural insemination the proportion of male births diminished from 68 per cent six or more days before, to 44 per cent on the day of the shift. In artificial insemination the proportion increased from 39 per cent three or more days before, to 62 per cent the day of the shift. The results help to explain previous conflicting reports and suggest that environmental differences may have a differential effect on the X-bearing and Y-bearing spermatozoa. (N Engl J Med 291: 1056–1059, 1974)
Transmission from vaccinated individuals in a large SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak (2021)

An outbreak of over 1,000 COVID-19 cases in Provincetown, Massachusetts (MA), in July 2021-the first large outbreak mostly in vaccinated individuals in the US-prompted a comprehensive public health response, motivating changes to national masking recommendations and raising questions about infection and transmission among vaccinated individuals. To address these questions, we combined viral genomic and epidemiological data from 467 individuals, including 40% of outbreak-associated cases. The Delta variant accounted for 99% of cases in this dataset; it was introduced from at least 40 sources, but 83% of cases derived from a single source, likely through transmission across multiple settings over a short time rather than a single event. Genomic and epidemiological data supported multiple transmissions of Delta from and between fully vaccinated individuals. However, despite its magnitude, the outbreak had limited onward impact in MA and the US overall, likely due to high vaccination rates and a robust public health response.
Diagnosis of Tis/T1 breast cancer extent by multislice helical CT: a novel classification of tumor distribution. (2004)

MSCT is extremely accurate in the diagnosis of IDS and the multicentricity of breast cancer.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: how close to reality? (2019)

The approval of the anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah®) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for relapsed pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was a landmark event in acute leukemia therapy. The approval was based on data from a phase II global trial in which 75 pediatric and young adult B-ALL patients received tisagenlecleucel, demonstrating safety, feasibility and biological response, with complete remissions (CR) at three months in 81% of patients, and event-free survival rates of 73% and 50% at six and 12 months, respectively.1 A detailed summary of the design and basic biology of CAR T cells was recently published, providing an excellent summary of the history and the current state of the field of CAR T-cell therapy for the treatment of malignant diseases.2 Unfortunately, the successes of CAR T cells in treating B-ALL have not yet been translated to the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where progress has been delayed by the lack of a suitable targetable surface antigen. In BALL and other B-cell malignancies, elimination of malignant B cells occurs alongside that of normal B cells/B-cell progenitors. B-cell depletion has been clinically tolerated for years, since the ensuing hypogammaglobulinemia is easily corrected. In stark contrast, elimination of normal myeloid cells/progenitors is unlikely to be tolerated for long, as the targeted AML antigen is frequently co-expressed on healthy hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC), leading to ablation of all myeloid progeny. Creative solutions are being sought to overcome these obstacles in order to make CART therapy a viable option for patients with AML.

The current state of play: anti-acute myeloid leukemia chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the clinic
Thirteen CART trials for patients with AML are currently enrolling patients (Table 1), though none have yet yielded mature published data. The first trial demonstrating biological activity for CART in AML was published in 2013, evaluating a second-generation (CD28 co-stimulatory domain) retrovirally transduced anti-Lewis Y CAR T-cell.3 Four of five enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) AML received a mean 4.46×106/kg CAR-positive T cells after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. The best responses achieved for each patient were: stable disease in two patients (for 49 days and 23 months respectively), reduction in blasts in one patient, and a cytogenetic remission in a patient with abnormal cytogenetics as the sole abnormality (i.e. blast count not elevated). Although all patients eventually progressed, this study was important as it demonstrated biological activity of CAR T cells against AML without significant hematopoietic toxicity, and the possibility of targeting a non-protein antigen.4

Table 1.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy trials for patients with acute myeloid leukemia open for enrollment.
402. Carcinogenic nitrogen compounds. Part XIX. The aptitude of some aminoquinolines for cyclisation (1956)

Ng. Ph. Buu-Hoï, R. Royer and M. Hubert-Habart, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2048 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002048
Potential of Magnetic Nanofiber Scaffolds with Mechanical and Biological Properties Applicable for Bone Regeneration (2014)

Magnetic nanofibrous scaffolds of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were produced, and their effects on physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties were extensively addressed to find efficacy for bone regeneration purpose. MNPs 12 nm in diameter were citrated and evenly distributed in PCL solutions up to 20% and then were electrospun into nonwoven nanofibrous webs. Incorporation of MNPs greatly improved the hydrophilicity of the nanofibers. Tensile mechanical properties of the nanofibers (tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and elongation) were significantly enhanced with the addition of MNPs up to 15%. In particular, the tensile strength increase was as high as ∼25 MPa at 15% MNPs vs. ∼10 MPa in pure PCL. PCL-MNP nanofibers exhibited magnetic behaviors, with a high saturation point and hysteresis loop area, which increased gradually with MNP content. The incorporation of MNPs substantially increased the degradation of the nanofibers, with a weight loss of ∼20% in pure PCL, ∼45% in 10% MNPs and ∼60% in 20% MNPs. Apatite forming ability of the nanofibers tested in vitro in simulated body fluid confirmed the substantial improvement gained by the addition of MNPs. Osteoblastic cells favored the MNPs-incorporated nanofibers with significantly improved initial cell adhesion and subsequent penetration through the nanofibers, compared to pure PCL. Alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of genes associated with bone (collagen I, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein) were significantly up-regulated in cells cultured on PCL-MNP nanofibers than those on pure PCL. PCL-MNP nanofibers subcutaneously implanted in rats exhibited minimal adverse tissue reactions, while inducing substantial neoblood vessel formation, which however, greatly limited in pure PCL. In vivo study in radial segmental defects also signified the bone regeneration ability of the PCL-MNP nanofibrous scaffolds. The magnetic, bone-bioactive, mechanical, cellular and tissue attributes of MNP-incorporated PCL nanofibers make them promising candidate scaffolds for bone regeneration.