gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia and Metastasis in Breast Cancer (2007)

Most solid tumors contain hypoxic regions. Hypoxia affects a variety of tumor cell properties such as cell growth rate, neovascularization, metastasis and sensitivity to treatment. Breast 3cancer is the second most common cause of death in women. Nearly half of breast cancer patients treated for localized disease develop metastases and often combinations of local and systemic therapy are not curative. Tissue oxygenation measurements in human breast carcinomas have shown large areas of hypoxic tissue and immunolocalized signals of the hypoxic markers, CAIX and HIF-1 alpha, in breast cancer tissue show strong staining around necrotic regions. A wide range of genes associated with breast cancer metastasis have been reported to be upregulated under hypoxic conditions and hypoxic gene signatures are associated with poorer outcome in breast cancer. An understanding of the molecular pathways in hypoxia-induced breast cancer metastasis promises potential useful prognostic and therapeutic information.
Selection of Optimum Working Fluid for Organic Rankine Cycles by Exergy and Exergy-Economic Analyses (2015)

The thermodynamic performance of a regenerative organic Rankine cycle that utilizes low temperature heat sources to facilitate the selection of proper organic working fluids is simulated. Thermodynamic models are used to investigate thermodynamic parameters such as output power, and energy efficiency of the ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). In addition, the cost rate of electricity is examined with exergo-economic analysis. Nine working fluids are considered as part of the investigation to assess which yields the highest output power and exergy efficiency, within system constraints. Exergy efficiency and cost rate of electricity are used as objective functions for system optimization, and each fluid is assessed in terms of the optimal operating condition. The degree of superheat and the pressure ratio are independent variables in the optimization. R134a and iso-butane are found to exhibit the highest energy and exergy efficiencies, while they have output powers in between the systems using other working fluids. For a source temperature was equal to 120 °C, the exergy efficiencies for the systems using R134a and iso-butane are observed to be 19.6% and 20.3%, respectively. The largest exergy destructions occur in the boiler and the expander. The electricity cost rates for the system vary from 0.08 USD/kWh to 0.12 USD/kWh, depending on the fuel input cost, for the system using R134a as a working fluid.
Bis(tertiary phosphine)palladium(0) and -platinum(0) complexes: preparations and crystal and molecular structures (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(tertiary phosphine)palladium(0) and -platinum(0) complexes: preparations and crystal and molecular structuresS. Otsuka, T. Yoshida, M. Matsumoto, and K. NakatsuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 19, 5850–5858Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00435a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00435a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2390Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Facile One-Pot Synthesis of <i>S</i>-Alkyl Thiocarbamates (2003)

We report a novel one-pot two-step synthesis of a variety of S-alkyl thiocarbamates. This method offers a two-directional approach making use of trichloroacetyl chloride, requires no complex starting material, incorporates a variety of substituents, and proceeds in high yields.
<b>On Cysteine and Cystein Peptides. II. S-Acylcysteines in Peptide Synthesis</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn Cysteine and Cystein Peptides. II. S-Acylcysteines in Peptide SynthesisLeonidas. Zervas, Iphigenia. Photaki, and Nicolaos. GhelisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 9, 1337–1341Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00892a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00892a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2001Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Titanium and Zirconium Permethylpentalene Complexes, Pn*MCp<sup>R</sup>X, as Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts (2016)

A family of group 4 permethylpentalene complexes, Pn*MCpRX (M = Ti, Zr; CpR = Cp, CpMe, CptBu, CpnBu, CpMe3, Ind; X = Cl, Me), has been synthesized and fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. These complexes were immobilized on an insoluble polymethylaluminoxane (sMAO), MAO-modified silica (ssMAO), and a MAO-modified layered double hydroxide (LDH-MAO). The effect of substitution around the Cp ligand was examined in relation to their performance (activity, Mw, PDI, polymer morphology) for ethylene polymerization measured both in solution and in slurry phase. Maximum solution-phase activities of 3585 kg/mol·h·bar were recorded at modest [Zr]:[Al] ratios of 1:250. These were compared to the activities recorded using the equivalent solid-supported complexes, and it was observed that sMAO was a superior support material with average increases in activity of 5.3 and 2.3 times relative to ssMAO and LDH-MAO, respectively. Most striking was the observation that slurry-phase ethylene polymerization activities using equivalent precatalysts supported on sMAO showed enhanced performance compared to the solution phase up to a maximum of 4486 kg/mol·h·bar.
Very High Concentration Solubility and Long-Term Stability of DNA in an Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquid: A Suitable Medium for Nucleic Acid Packaging and Preservation (2017)

Packaging as well as preservation of DNA in nonaqueous media at ambient conditions for long durations is an important research endeavor considering the biomacromolecule as nanoscale substrate for functional biomaterial design and for biotechnological applications. From this perspective, the present work reports both very high concentration dissolution and packaging of DNA in an ionic liquid (IL) without affecting the structural integrity of the biopolymer upon long-term storage. 2-Hydroxyethylammonium formate (2-HEAF), which is an ammonium based IL was able to solubilize 25% w/w of DNA (salmon testes) within 12 h at 25 °C. The solubilized DNA in the IL showed long-term chemical and structural stability upon storage under ambient conditions for more than 1 year, which makes the IL a suitable medium for nucleic acid preservation. From isothermal calorimetric (ITC) studies it was evident that the hydrogen bond formed between the IL and DNA was responsible for the high concentration solubility and extended stability, unlike earlier observations for choline based ILs, where both the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bond were collectively found to be responsible for the phenomenon. Upon auto DNA docking analyses, higher preference for minor-groove over major-groove binding on DNA structure was observed for the IL, and it showed strong ability to promote hydrogen bonding with nucleic acids.
Resist materials for 157-nm lithography (2001)

Fluoropolymers are key materials for single layer resists of 157nm lithography. We have been studying fluoropolymers to identify their potential for base resins of 157nm photoresist. Many fluoropolymers showed high optical transparencies, with absorption coefficients of 0.01micrometers <SUP>-1</SUP> to 2micrometers <SUP>-1 at 157nm, and dry- etching resistance comparable to an ArF resist, and non- swelling solubility in the standard developer. Positive- tone resists were formulated using fluoropolymers that fulfill practical resist requirements. They showed good sensitivities, from 1 mJ/cm(superscript 2</SUP> to 10 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and contrast in the sensitivity curves. They were able to be patterned using a F<SUB>2</SUB> laser microstepper.
[Pt(CBDCA-O)(NH3)2(L-Methionine-S)]: Ring-Opened Adduct of the Anticancer Drug Carboplatin ("Paraplatin"). Detection of a Similar Complex in Urine by NMR Spectroscopy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT[Pt(CBDCA-O)(NH3)2(L-Methionine-S)]: Ring-Opened Adduct of the Anticancer Drug Carboplatin ("Paraplatin"). Detection of a Similar Complex in Urine by NMR SpectroscopyKevin J. Barnham, Urban Frey, Piedad del Socorro Murdoch, John D. Ranford, Peter J. Sadler, and David R. NewellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 24, 11175–11176Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00103a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00103a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Suppressor-Cell Network in Cancer (1978)

IN the near future, new insights into the cellular control of immune reactivity may become important to physicians who manage patients with cancer. The objectives of this article are to provide an overview of the suppressor-cell system that regulates normal immune responses, to summarize the role of suppressor cells in the immunologic enhancement of malignant neoplasms, to categorize the alterations of suppressor-cell activity that may cause, or at least perpetuate, the immunodeficiency state that occurs in certain patients with cancer, and to discuss the implications of suppressor-cell function in devising new immunologic strategies for the therapy . . .
Rearrangement During Bromination of Succinate Half Ester (1985)

Abstract Bromination of succinate half ester, under conditions used for α-bromination of dicarboxylic acid half esters, is not regeoselective, due to a rearrangement involving a symmetrical cyclic cation.
Characterization of penetrant clustering in polymers (1969)

Abstract The formal description of penetrant clustering in polymers given by Zimm and Lundberg is applied to systems obeying Flory-Huggins thermodynamics. Several equivalent procedures for evaluation of the cluster function are suggested including circumstances in which the interaction parameter χ1 varies with composition. An analysis of the cluster function for penetrant and the companion expression for clustering of the polymeric solute is presented for some familiar, special cases of Flory-Huggins' behavior. The utility of the analyses is illustrated by application of these analytical techniques to data taken from the literature.
A Quantized Training Method to Enhance Accuracy of ReRAM-based Neuromorphic Systems (2018)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are tremendously applied in artificial intelligence field. While the performance of DNNs is continuously improved by more complicated and deeper structures, the feasibility of deployment on embedded system remains as a critical problem. Neuromorphic system designs based on resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) provide an opportunity for power-efficient DNN employment. However, it encounters the challenge of limited programming resolution. A quantized training method is proposed in this paper to enhance the performance of neuromorphic systems based on ReRAM. Different from previous methods in which a dedicated regularization term is used in loss function to constrain parameter distribution, our quantized training method deals with training and quantization at the same time to alleviate the impact of limited parameter precision. Models with discrete parameters obtained after training can be directly mapped onto ReRAM devices. We implement experiments on image recognition tasks using multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and convolution neural network (CNN). The results verify that the quantized training method can approximate the accuracy of full-precision training, e.g., a two-layer MLP based on binary ReRAM only decreases the classification accuracy by 0.25% for MNIST dataset. In addition, we carefully investigate and present the importance of layer size under the ReRAM's low programming resolution, the different parameter resolution demands for convolution layer and fully connected layer, and system robustness to ReRAM variations after quantized training. The codes are available at https://github.com/qingyangqing/quantized-rram-net.
Transferrin and its receptor in the development of genetically determined neural tube defects in the mouse embryo (1996)

The iron-binding growth factor transferrin is taken up and localised in the hindgut of midgestation mouse embryos. We investigated whether the distribution of transferrin may be disturbed in mutant curly tail embryos, a proportion of which exhibit a cell proliferation defect affecting the hindgut endoderm, as part of the pathogenetic sequence leading to development of neural tube defects. Immunostaining revealed a reduction in the binding and/or uptake of transferrin by hindgut epithelial cells in affected curly tail embryos compared with their unaffected littermates. There was no apparent difference between the two embryo types, however, in the distribution or level of expression of the transferrin receptor. The receptor is expressed specifically in the hindgut endoderm of the 10.5-day embryo, although its mRNA is present in all tissues of the posterior neuropore region, suggesting posttranscriptional control of gene expression. These findings may indicate a role for transferrin binding and/or uptake in the regulation of cell proliferation in the hindgut endoderm, with a defect in this process in the curly tail mutant. However, an alternative explanation is suggested by our finding that transferrin immunostaining is more intense in the hindgut of unaffected curly tail embryos than in nonmutant CBA/Ca and CD-1 embryos. Thus, mutant embryos may increase their uptake of transferrin in an attempt to compensate for defective cell proliferation in the hindgut resulting from a defect in another pathway. Only a proportion of embryos are able to mount this compensatory response leading to the observed partial penetrance of developmental defects in the curly tail mutant mouse.
Qualitätssicherung beim Einsatz der somatosensorisch evozierten Potentiale (SEP) (1996)

A correct indication for the different SEP methods in the routine is precondition for a good quality monitoring. An exact method and definite condition in investigation is necessary; so in analysis of the scalp recorded peaks after median or tibial nerve stimulation it should be routine to record spinal SEP simultaneously. In recording of cervical cord generators a non-cephale reference is recommendable. The interpretation of the results has to observe the pathophysiologic conditions; there are no specific SEP alterations.
Myocyte and endothelial injury with ischemia reperfusion in isolated rat hearts (1987)

We determined the time course of ischemic injury, the effects of reperfusion, and the protective effects of prostacyclin, oxygen radical scavengers, and diltiazem on myocardial myocyte and endothelial cell functions in isolated rat hearts. Left ventricular power and coronary microvascular permeability were used as indexes of myocyte and endothelial cell function, respectively. Neither 5- nor 10-min ischemia reperfusion significantly changed power or permeability. However, with reperfusion following 20 and 30 min of ischemia, power was reduced 50 and 60% and permeability increased 70 and 90%. In 30-min ischemic hearts the ischemia-induced increase in permeability was apparent after 4 min reperfusion and further exacerbated at 20 min. Hypoxic reperfusion did not prevent increased permeability. Prostacyclin or a combination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mannitol also did not prevent increased permeability, and the radical scavengers did not ameliorate depressed power. In contrast, perfusion with diltiazem during ischemia reperfusion blunted the reduction in power and prevented the increase in permeability. We conclude that ischemia reperfusion causes similar time course of injury to myocytes and endothelial cells; reperfusion contributes to endothelial injury, and diltiazem affords protection to both cell types.
Maximum cross-entropy generalized series reconstruction (1999)

This article addresses the classical image reconstruction problem from limited Fourier data. In particular, we deal with the issue of how to incorporate constraints provided in the form of a high-resolution reference image which approximates the desired image. A new algorithm is described which represents the desired image using a family of basis functions derived from translated and rotated versions of the reference image. The selection of the most efficient basis function set from this family is guided by the principle of maximum cross-entropy. Simulation and experimental results have shown that the algorithm can achieve high resolution with a small number of data points while accounting for relative misregistration between the reference and measured data. The technique proves to be useful for a number of time-sequential magnetic resonance imaging applications, for which significant improvement in temporal resolution can be obtained, even as the object undergoes bulk motion during the acquisition. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 10, 258–265, 1999
Adaptive capacity management of virtual path networks (2002)

In a distributed telecommunication network, a logical system of virtual paths (VPs) can be advantageously built up over the physical network in order to simplify traffic control, call acceptance and resource management process. In order to improve the resource utilization, even in the case of variable traffic, a management system capable of allocating capacities to the VPs in a adaptive way can be designed. Such a system should be designed properly, balancing quality of service (QoS) among the traffic and improving resource utilisation, still maintaining monitoring and control effort at an acceptable level. In the paper, we address this situation and propose a particular system with a distributed architecture, which operates mostly at the link level, monitoring just the VP current loads and leading to a capacity saving of 15-60%.
Results of Thyroidectomy in 101 Cats with Hyperthyroidism (2006)

Thyroidectomy is associated with a low incidence of surgical complications and is an effective treatment for hyperthyroid cats when radioactive iodine therapy is not available. Preoperative thyroid scintigraphy is advised. Surgery is not recommended when EHTT is present, because of a higher chance of developing recurrent disease.
Building Resilience: A meta-analysis of Oxfam’s resilience Effectiveness Reviews (2017)

<span>Oxfam's Effectiveness Reviews evaluate the impact of the organization's projects on the lives of those they are intended to help.</span> <span><span>This research paper uses statistical meta-analysis to summarise the results of all 16 Effectiveness Reviews carried out under the theme of resilience between 2011 and 2015.</span></span> <span><span>The paper finds that projects evaluated had a significant positive impact overall, as measured by an index of contextually-appropriate indicators of resilience. However, there are important differences in impact between different regions of the world. The meta-analysis also reveals a difference in the level of resilience by the gender of the head of household, and provides some insights into the resilience measurement approach.</span></span>
Protection of a Textile Parachute Riser from Temperature and Abrasion Using a Textile Cover System (2011)

Steel cable was chosen to replace the Kevlar webbing at the lower end of the drogue and main parachute risers on NASA’s Orion Crew exploration Vehicle Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) to protect the risers from extreme temperatures and abrasion should they contact the crew module during deployment. This causes a significant mass increase to the system, as well as an increase in the deployment complexity. For these reasons, an investigation was conducted to determine whether sacrificial, non-load-bearing textile riser covers could be developed to mitigate thermal and abrasion concerns. Testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of numerous combinations of candidate cover materials, as well as different protection approaches. The testing consisted of subjecting Kevlar riser samples protected by these covers to thermal and abrasion conditions approximating the worst-case riser/crew module contact interactions. Modifications to the cover design and protection approach were made as testing progressed to optimize the effectiveness, weight, and flexibility of the covers. This paper describes the testing performed and documents the results of this investigation.