gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1 Promotes Human Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation Through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation (2004)

Serine proteases are now considered as crucial contributors to the development of human colon cancer. We have shown recently that thrombin is a potent growth factor for colon cancer cells through activation of the aberrantly expressed protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Here, we analyzed the signaling pathways downstream of PAR1 activation, which lead to colon cancer cell proliferation in HT-29 cells. Our data are consistent with the following cascade of events on activation of PAR1 by thrombin or specific activating peptide: (a) a matrix metalloproteinase-dependent release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) as shown with TGF-alpha blocking antibodies and measurement of TGF-alpha in culture medium; (b) TGF-alpha-mediated activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and subsequent EGFR phosphorylation; and (c) activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and subsequent cell proliferation. The links between these events are shown by the fact that stimulation of cell proliferation and ERK1/2 on activation of PAR1 is reversed by the MMP inhibitor batimastat, TGF-alpha neutralizing antibodies, EGFR ligand binding domain blocking antibodies, and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors AG1478 and PD168393. Therefore, transactivation of EGFR seems to be a major mechanism whereby activation of PAR1 results in colon cancer cell growth. Finally, PAR1 activation induces Src phosphorylation, which is reversed by using the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2, suggesting that Src activation plays a permissive role for PAR1-mediated ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation probably acting downstream of the EGFR. These data explain how thrombin exerts robust trophic action on colon cancer cells and underline the critical role of EGFR transactivation.
Rice Snl6, a Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase-Like Gene Family Member, Is Required for NH1-Mediated Immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (2010)

Rice NH1 (NPR1 homolog 1) is a key mediator of innate immunity. In both plants and animals, the innate immune response is often accompanied by rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Over-expression of NH1 in rice results in resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), constitutive expression of defense related genes and enhanced benzothiadiazole (BTH)- mediated cell death. Here we describe a forward genetic screen that identified a suppressor of NH1-mediated lesion formation and resistance, snl6. Comparative genome hybridization and fine mapping rapidly identified the genomic location of the Snl6 gene. Snl6 is a member of the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)-like gene family. We show that Snl6 is required for NH1-mediated resistance to Xoo. Further, we show that Snl6 is required for pathogenesis-related gene expression. In contrast to previously described CCR family members, disruption of Snl6 does not result in an obvious morphologic phenotype. Snl6 mutants have reduced lignin content and increased sugar extractability, an important trait for the production of cellulosic biofuels. These results suggest the existence of a conserved group of CCR-like genes involved in the defense response, and with the potential to alter lignin content without affecting development.
Fluorescence nanoparticles “quantum dots” as drug delivery system and their toxicity: a review (2010)

Fluorescence nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are engineered nanoparticles (NP) that have shown great promise with potential for many biological and biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery/activation and cellular imaging. The use of nanotechnology in medicine directed to drug delivery is set to expand in the coming years. However, it is unclear whether QDs, which are defined as NPs rather than small molecules, can specifically and effectively deliver drugs to molecular targets at subcellular levels. When QDs are linked to suitable ligands that are site specific, it has been shown to be brighter and photostable when compared with organic dyes. Interestingly, pharmaceutical sciences are exploiting NPs to minimize toxicity and undesirable side effects of drugs. The unforeseen hazardous properties of the carrier NPs themselves have given rise to some concern in a clinical setting. The kind of hazards encountered with this new nanotechnology materials are complex compared with conventional limitations created by traditional delivery systems. The development of cadmium-derived QDs shows great potential for treatment and diagnosis of cancer and site-directed delivery by virtue of their size-tunable fluorescence and with highly customizable surface for directing their bioactivity and targeting. However, data regarding the pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies require further investigation and development, and it poses great difficulties to ascertain the risks associated with this new technology. Additionally, nanotechnology also displays yet another inherent risk for toxic cadmium, which will enter as a new form of hazard in the biomedical field. This review will look at cadmium-derived QDs and discuss their future and their possible toxicities in a disease situation.
A DSP-based single-phase AC power source (1999)

This paper presents the development of a single-phase AC power source, which is capable of generating high-quality sinusoidal waveforms with adjustable amplitudes and frequencies over a wide range. Moreover, various types of arbitrary waveforms can also be generated. The system consists essentially of a well-controlled single-phase pulsewidth modulated inverter. To perform tight closed-loop control of the inverter, a digital controller based on the generalized predictive control approach has been developed. The controller gains are determined by minimizing a cost function that reduces both the tracking error and the control signals. To evaluate the proposed approach, a digital-signal-processor-based experimental prototype has been constructed. Experimental results under various loading conditions have demonstrated that the system performs well.
Oesophageal strictures in cats associated with doxycycline therapy (2005)

Four cases of oesophageal stricture subsequent to doxycycline administration are reported. All cases were young to middle age (median age 3 years; range 1-7 years), and either domestic shorthair or domestic longhair breed. In all cases the predominant clinical sign was regurgitation, which developed at variable times after doxycycline administration. In all cases the reason for doxycycline use was treatment or prophylaxis of suspected infections (Mycoplasma haemofelis, Chlamydophila felis or Bordetella bronchiseptica), and the duration of therapy was variable. In one case the stricture was definitively diagnosed at post mortem examination, in the three other cases, definitive diagnosis was by endoscopy. Balloon dilation was successful in the three cases that were treated. This is the largest case series, to date, of oesophageal disease in cats associated with doxycycline administration. Caution should be exercised when administering oral medication to cats, especially doxycycline, and should be accompanied either by a water or food swallow.
Inflammatory Large Bowel Disease in Immunodeficient Rats Naturally and Experimentally Infected with <i>Helicobacter bilis</i> (1998)

Proliferative and ulcerative typhlitis, colitis, and proctitis were found incidentally in a breeding colony of male athymic nude (Cr:NIH-rnu) rats. Within the crypts of the large intestine, modified Steiner's silver stain revealed spiral organisms that were identified by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing to be Helicobacter bilis. The large bowel disease was reproduced in H. bilis-free male athymic nude rats that were injected intraperitoneally with a culture of H. bilis from the affected colony. The organism was isolated from the feces and cecum of the experimentally infected rats. H. bilis should be considered a potential pathogen in immunocompromised rats. The infection in immunocompromised rats may serve as an animal model for inflammatory large bowel disease.
ChemInform Abstract: C,N,N‐Cyclometalated Palladium(II) Complexes: A Step Forward to Luminescent Metalomesogens. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pathogenesis of cleft palate in TGF-β3 knockout mice (1999)

We previously reported that mutation of the transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) gene caused cleft palate in homozygous null (-/-) mice. TGF-beta3 is normally expressed in the medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells of the palatal shelf. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which TGF-beta3 deletions caused cleft palate in 129 x CF-1 mice. For organ culture, palatal shelves were dissected from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) mouse embryos. Palatal shelves were placed singly or in pairs on Millipore filters and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium. Shelves were placed in homologous (+/+ vs +/+, -/- vs -/-, +/- vs +/-) or heterologous (+/+ vs -/-, +/- vs -/-, +/+ vs +/-) paired combinations and examined by macroscopy and histology. Pairs of -/- and -/- shelves failed to fuse over 72 hours of culture whereas pairs of +/+ (wild-type) and +/+ or +/- (heterozygote) and +/-, as well as +/+ and -/- shelves, fused within the first 48 hour period. Histological examination of the fused +/+ and +/+ shelves showed complete disappearance of the midline epithelial seam whereas -/- and +/+ shelves still had some seam remnants. In order to investigate the ability of TGF-beta family members to rescue the fusion between -/- and -/- palatal shelves in vitro, either recombinant human (rh) TGF-beta1, porcine (p) TGF-beta2, rh TGF-beta3, rh activin, or p inhibin was added to the medium in different concentrations at specific times and for various periods during the culture. In untreated organ culture -/- palate pairs completely failed to fuse, treatment with TGF-beta3 induced complete palatal fusion, TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 near normal fusion, but activin and inhibin had no effect. We investigated ultrastructural features of the surface of the MEE cells using SEM to compare TGF-beta3-null embryos (E 12. 5-E 16.5) with +/+ and +/- embryos in vivo and in vitro. Up to E13.5 and after E15.5, structures resembling short rods were observed in both +/+ and -/- embryos. Just before fusion, at E14.5, a lot of filopodia-like structures appeared on the surface of the MEE cells in +/+ embryos, however, none were observed in -/- embryos, either in vivo or in vitro. With TEM these filopodia are coated with material resembling proteoglycan. Interestingly, addition of TGF-beta3 to the culture medium which caused fusion between the -/- palatal shelves also induced the appearance of these filopodia on their MEE surfaces. TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 also induced filopodia on the -/- MEE but to a lesser extent than TGF-beta3 and additionally induced lamellipodia on their cell surfaces. These results suggest that TGF-beta3 may regulate palatal fusion by inducing filopodia on the outer cell membrane of the palatal medial edge epithelia prior to shelf contact. Exogenous recombinant TGF-beta3 can rescue fusion in -/- palatal shelves by inducing such filopodia, illustrating that the effects of TGF-beta3 are transduced by cell surface receptors which raises interesting potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat embryonic cleft palate.
Short-term study of allogeneic retinal pigment epithelium transplants onto debrided Bruch's membrane. (2001)

Transplanted RPE appeared to retain at least some markers of differentiation up to 7 days after surgery. Some proliferation of transplanted RPE cells was also seen. Apoptotic cell death of transplanted RPE, as judged by TUNEL staining was observed rarely. RPE transplants imposed no adverse effect on the overlying retina. RPE survival appeared to be similar with each of the three vehicles for cell delivery.
A Short and Efficient Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted-1-pentenes (1986)

A one step synthesis of 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-1-pentene(65%) and 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-1-pentene (81%) was developed. Treatment of epibromohydrin or epichlorohydrin at -73°C with a reagent prepared from vinylmagnesium bromide and a catalytic amount of copper(I) bromide gave the desired products. 5-Bromo-4-hydroxy-1-pentene was cleanly converted to 4.5-epoxy-1-pentene in 99% yield by treatment with potassium hydroxide. A number of derivatives of 5-bromo-4-hydroxy-1-pentene are described.
X-ray bang-time and fusion reaction history at ~ps resolution using RadOptic detection (2012)

We report recent progress in the development of RadOptic detectors, radiation to optical converters, that rely upon x-ray absorption induced modulation of the optical refractive index of a semiconductor sensor medium to amplitude modulate an optical probe beam. The sensor temporal response is determined by the dynamics of the electron-hole pair creation and subsequent relaxation in the sensor medium. Response times of a few ps have been demonstrated in a series of experiments conducted at the LLNL Jupiter Laser Facility. This technology will enable x-ray bang-time and fusion burn-history measurements with {approx} ps resolution.
Voltammetric Determination of Acid Values of Fats and Oils (1994)

Abstract A new method for determining acid values of fats and oils was developed based on measurement of reduction prepeak current of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (VK3) from 8 × 10−6 to 6 × 10−3 M, due to free fatty acid (e.g., linoleic acid). Acid value of 11 samples was determined. The relative standard deviation of acid value for 5 replicates of each sample was less than 2.5%. The method is superior to conventional titration methods in sensitivity and overcomes inaccuracy due to vagueness in color change of acidbase indicators in organic solvents.
TLSM: Tiered Log-Structured Merge-Tree Utilizing Non-Volatile Memory (2020)

Log-Structured Merge-tree (LSM-tree) organizes write-friendly and hierarchical structure, which leads to inevitable disk I/O from data compaction occuring between layers. Previous research tried to reduce write bottlenecks of LSM-tree by using non-volatile memory (NVM) to LSM-tree, but write amplification on compaction does not resolved. In this paper, we present tiered LSM (TLSM), a persistent LSM-based key-value database tiering NVM, which is regarded as fast storage device. Our design aims to exploit multi-layered LSM system utilizing NVM and reduce redundant cost on compaction. We address 4 key points: (1) analysis of disk I/O overhead on current LSM-tree, (2) novel design of TLSM preserving the concept of LSM-tree and utilizing NVM, (3) persistent and byte-addressable data compaction minimizing disk write, and (4) tiering policy for increasing usability to TLSM. To implement TLSM-tree, we extended LevelDB, which is a simple LSM-based key-value store. On micro-benchmark DB Bench, the write and read latencies of TLSM are improved up to 34% and 57%, respectively, compared to those of LevelDB-NVM. In evaluation of YCSB, TLSM also reduces the write and read latencies of existing LevelDB up to 25%, 33%, respectively. Furthermore, frequency of write stall and total amount of data write are reduced significantly in TLSM.
Interactive sketching of urban procedural models (2016)

3D modeling remains a notoriously difficult task for novices despite significant research effort to provide intuitive and automated systems. We tackle this problem by combining the strengths of two popular domains: sketch-based modeling and procedural modeling. On the one hand, sketch-based modeling exploits our ability to draw but requires detailed, unambiguous drawings to achieve complex models. On the other hand, procedural modeling automates the creation of precise and detailed geometry but requires the tedious definition and parameterization of procedural models. Our system uses a collection of simple procedural grammars, called snippets, as building blocks to turn sketches into realistic 3D models. We use a machine learning approach to solve the inverse problem of finding the procedural model that best explains a user sketch. We use non-photorealistic rendering to generate artificial data for training convolutional neural networks capable of quickly recognizing the procedural rule intended by a sketch and estimating its parameters. We integrate our algorithm in a coarse-to-fine urban modeling system that allows users to create rich buildings by successively sketching the building mass, roof, facades, windows, and ornaments. A user study shows that by using our approach non-expert users can generate complex buildings in just a few minutes.
In Vitro Effects of Antimicrobial Agents on Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i> Clinical Isolates (2006)

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an atypically virulent coagulase-negative staphylococcal species associated with acute and destructive infections that often resemble Staphylococcus aureus infections. Several types of infection caused by S. lugdunensis (e.g., native valve endocarditis, prosthetic joint infection, and intravascular catheter infection) are associated with biofilm formation, which may lead to an inability to eradicate the infection due to the intrinsic nature of biofilms to resist high levels of antibiotics. In this study, planktonic MICs and MBCs and biofilm bactericidal concentrations of 10 antistaphylococcal antimicrobial agents were measured for 15 S. lugdunensis isolates collected from patients with endocarditis, medical device infections, or skin and soft tissue infections. Planktonic isolates were susceptible to all agents studied, but biofilms were resistant to high concentrations of most of the drugs. However, moxifloxacin was able to kill 73% of isolates growing in biofilms at </=0.5 mug/ml. Relative to the effect on cell density, subinhibitory concentrations of nafcillin substantially stimulated biofilm formation of most isolates, whereas tetracycline and linezolid significantly decreased biofilm formation in 93 and 80% of isolates, respectively. An unexpected outcome of MBC testing was the observation that vancomycin was not bactericidal against 93% of S. lugdunensis isolates, suggesting widespread vancomycin tolerance in this species. These data provide insights into the response of S. lugdunensis isolates when challenged with various levels of antimicrobial agents in clinical use.
Ameliorative effect of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata (Poir.) Hook. f. & Thoms. roots (ACP) on APAP/CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and in vitro free radical scavenging property (2014)

The hepatoprotective property of alkaloid extract of C. peltata against paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride may be due the synergistic action of alkaloids especially tetrandrine, fangchinoline through free radical scavenging and thus preventing oxidative stress.
Rationally Designed Chemical Modulators Convert a Bacterial Channel Protein into a pH‐Sensory Valve (2006)

Open channels: Chemical modulators are developed to convert a naturally occurring channel protein into a pH-actuated nanovalve. The pH interval, sensitivity, and activation of the valve by channel opening are tunable through the design of the modulators. The valve is useful for releasing or mixing the contents of liposomes at a desired location, time, and dosage, for example, in micro/nanosensory and delivery devices (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503403_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thermal Management in 2.3-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ Semiconductor Disk Lasers: A Finite Element Analysis (2008)

Finite element analysis is used to study heat flow in a 2.3-mum semiconductor disk laser (or vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser) based on GalnAsSb-AlGaAsSb. An intra-cavity diamond heatspreader is shown to significantly improve thermal management-and hence power scalability-in this laser compared to the substrate thinning approach typically used in semiconductor disk lasers operating around 1 mum. The parameters affecting the performance of an intracavity heat-spreader are studied in the context of a 2.3-mum semiconductor disk laser: the thermal impedance at the interface between the semiconductor gain material and the heatspreader is found to be much more important than the mounting arrangements for the gain-heatspreader composite; power scaling with pump spot radius-increasing the pump power at constant pump intensity-is found to be intrinsically limited; and the pump wavelength is predicted to have less affect on thermal management than might be expected. Direct pumping of the quantum wells is found to significantly reduce the temperature rise per unit pump power.
Implementation of the ICRP recommendation on skin dose measurement using thermoluminescent dosemeters (1978)

The ICRP have recently recommended that for general purposes in personnel dosimetry the skin dose should be assessed as a mean value between depths of 5 and 10 mg cm-1. A direct measurement of skin dose to conform with this requirement can be made using a 5 mg cm-2 detector, such as a thermoluminescent phosphor covered with a 5 mg cm-2 tissue-equivalent window. A device consisting of a layer of thermoluminescent material only 5 mg cm-2 thick is likely to suffer from fragility and lack of sensitivity. To overcome these problems an ultra-thin bonded (UTB) dosemeter was developed which consists of a 6 mg cm-2 (30 mu m) LiF-Teflon disc thermally bonded to a thick ( approximately 0.2 mm) Teflon base. A 40 mu m thick Melinex window simulates the overlying tissue necessary to complete compliance with the ICRP recommendation. Data on the response of the UTB dosemeter to beta radiation is presented.