gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design of chemotherapeutic agents (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe design of chemotherapeutic agentsJohn A. MontgomeryCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1986, 19, 10, 293–300Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00130a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00130a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Cage for Vertebral Body Replacement: Technical Note (1997)

CFRP implants offer several advantages compared with titanium or surgical grade stainless steel implants, demonstrating high versatility and outstanding biological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, CFRP implants are radiolucent and do not hinder radiographic evaluation of bone fusion, allowing for better follow-up studies.
Rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow analysis (2014)

Combining the isothermal RPA and the lateral flow detection is an approach to improve molecular diagnostic for P. falciparum in resource-limited settings. The system requires none or only little instrumentation for the nucleic acid amplification reaction and the read-out is possible with the naked eye. Showing the same sensitivity and specificity as comparable diagnostic methods but simultaneously increasing reaction speed and dramatically reducing assay requirements, the method has potential to become a true point-of-care test for the malaria parasite.
Rapid and Large‐Scale Fabrication of Full Color Woodpile Photonic Crystals via Interference from a Conformal Multilevel Phase Mask (2019)

Abstract The practical use of photonic crystals with structural colors requires technology capable of rapidly producing large‐area, three‐dimensional (3D) periodic nanostructures. Until now, the fabrication of 3D photonic crystals has relied mainly on additive manufacturing and colloidal self‐assembly. These technologies have provided a useful academic platform based on precisely controlled 3D periodicity but have not evolved into mass production technology. Here, optical lithography for the rapid fabrication of large‐area 3D photonic crystals with structural colors is introduced. The key strategy is to incorporate two orthogonal line gratings (periodicity: 300 nm) made of an elastomer to create a conformal multilevel phase mask. When the mask is irradiated with a 355 nm laser, the five beam interference is established in the proximity region. The interlayer thickness between the two orthogonal line gratings controls the phase difference, which is closely related to the symmetry of the resulting 3D interference pattern. The interlayer thickness is designed to produce a woodpile structure with a planar periodicity of 300 nm and a vertical periodicity of 716 nm. The pattern area of the woodpile photonic crystal is expanded to 1 in 2 . Red, green, and blue colors are experimentally realized by controlling the vertical shrinkage of the photoresist.
Synthesis of dual-offset shaped reflectors for arbitrary aperture shapes using continuous domain deformation (1986)

The systematic synthesis of an optically shaped dual-offset reflector antenna with uniformly phased aperture and with source and aperture power distributions independently prescribed is reviewed. A recent paper showed that a method for dealing with circular apertures could be extended to noncircular apertures by the use of conformal mapping. In the paper we describe an alternative method in which the aperture boundary is continuously deformed to the required shape. Examples show that systems with elliptical apertures of high axial ratios (e.g. 4:1) can be successfully designed. The problem of interpolating points on the reflector surfaces has been addressed using bicubic splines.
[Comparison of the promoter activity of metabolism-related pabB and lpdA genes between Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv and H37Ra]. (2010)

The mutations in pabB and lpdA promoters affect its expression activity. The T-A mutation in lpdA promoter may be related to virulence attenuation of H37Ra.
Spectral estimation and normalisation for robust speech recognition (2002)

Speech recognition in adverse conditions remains a difficult but challenging problem. It has already been shown that normalisation of the dynamic range (SNR) of the frequency channels in a mel scale triangular filter bank (MFCC) improves the robustness against both additive and convolutional noise. Nevertheless, because the method is based on a masking-technique, the improvement is small in the case of SNR values that are smaller than the target (normalised) SNR. A solution for this problem can be found in first enhancing the filter bank energies before the masking-technique is applied. For this purpose the authors developed a non-linear spectral estimator (NSE) for speech recognition that operates on the log filter bank energies. NSE enhances these filter bank energies and makes use of SNR-normalisation also effective at very low SNRs. Experimental results are given on the NOISEX-92 database. Better recognition performance is seen even at 0 dB SMR.
<title>Environmental Testing Of Flexible Jacketed Fiber Optic Bundles</title> (1970)

Because of increased interest in new fiber optic illumination applications within the past few years, product requirements have dictated numerous environmental and mechanical testing techniques to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to describe these parameters and the methods used to define the product capabilities of the incoherent fiber optic bundle. Since the sole purpose of a flexible bundle is to transmit effective light, this basic criteria is utilized to measure the capability of the combined fiber bundle and jacketing in hostile environments including extreme temperature and humidity, mechanical stress, as well as various chemical fluids. The importance of these measurements for customer and manufacturer's product specifications has led to the development of several testing techniques and equipment believed to be unique in this field. Environmental life requirements must be realistically defined according to particular application needs, therefore these tests and variations are presented to be used as a general format for specifications and standards in the industry. In discussing this subject, we shall first consider different applications that required this area of development, the system of transmission measurement utilized, and finally the various environmental tests themselves.
Development a stacking pad design for enhancing the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassay (2018)

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have wide application in point-of-care testing, particularly in resource-poor settings. To achieve signal amplification in a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay without an additional procedure or the need for complex fabrication, a new and simple method was developed for using a "stacking pad" configuration that adds an additional membrane between the conjugation pad and test pad to the conventional AuNP-based LFIA format. This design helps to accumulate the antibody and antigen on the stacking pad, hence extending the antigen/antibody binding interactions to enhance the test's detection sensitivity. With the enhanced lateral flow assay, as low as 1 ng/mL of Protein A and 15.5 ng/mL of C-reactive protein can be visualized with the naked eye. We also successfully applied the stacking pad system in the analysis of C-reactive protein in human serum and synovial fluid samples. These results suggest that this stacking pad LFIA can provide sensitive and on-site prognosis for detection in synovial fluid and serum samples in resource-limited settings.
A phase I study of EC145 administered weeks 1 and 3 of a 4-week cycle in patients with refractory solid tumors (2007)

2577 Background: Folic acid is internalized via two main pathways; a reduced folate carrier (RFC) or a folate-specific receptor (FR). While FR is minimally distributed in normal tissues, it is over-expressed in many human tumors, including cancers of the ovary, lung and kidney. Experimental data indicate that EC145, a conjugate of folic acid and the vinca alkaloid desacetylvinblastine hydrazide (DAVLBH), is a high-affinity ligand for the folate receptor (FR) but not for RFC. EC145 is also highly active against FR-positive KB tumors in vivo. This phase I trial assessed the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of escalating bolus doses of EC145. Methods: The phase I study treated eligible patients with EC145 as an intravenous bolus according to a ‘flat dose‘ escalation plan on days 1, 3, 5 (week 1) and 15, 17, 19 (week 3) of a 4-week cycle. Endpoints included determination of a safe and tolerable EC145 dose, development of a PK model, and identification of antitumor activity. Results: As of Dec 2006, 16 patients had received bolus EC145 (1.2, 2.5 or 4 mg; n = 3, 11 and 2, respectively). EC145 was generally well tolerated at bolus doses < 2.5 mg with one patient continuing on study for 6 cycles. Overall, the most common side effects were fatigue (n = 9), constipation (n = 7) and neuropathy (n = 6). DLT at 4 mg included reversible ileus and neuropathy. Formal PK analysis will be available at the time of presentation. One patient has had a minor response and another has exhibited disease stabilization > 5 months (both ovarian cancer patients). Upon declaration of the bolus MTD, the trial was amended to explore the utility of a 1-hour EC145 infusion to take full advantage of potential high affinity interaction between EC145 and the FR to effect drug targeting. As of Jan 2, 2007, three patients had been accrued to a dose level of 2.5 mg over 1 hr, and all tolerated the therapy without significant toxicity. Conclusions: EC145 may be administered safely as a 2.5 mg intravenous bolus dose on days 1, 3, 5 (week 1) and 15, 17, 19 (week 3) of a 28-day schedule. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
High-speed replicating current comparators for analog convolutional decoders (2000)

This paper describes two high-speed replicating current comparators (RCCs) for use in convolutional decoders. One RCC operates asynchronously by means of a negative feedback mechanism that provides an accurate virtual ground for input current summation and comparison. This circuit requires realization in BiCMOS technology. The other RCC is synchronous and can be implemented using a digital CMOS process. Since this RCC requires positive feedback, resetting is required after each operating cycle. In addition to replicating the "winner," both types of RCCs identify the winning input by means of a digital binary output voltage. The RCCs were fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process and feature a maximum input signal range in excess of 200 /spl mu/A. The asynchronous RCC operates at speeds up to about 200 MHz, has a resolution of 2 /spl mu/A, and consumes 5.8 mW from a 2.8 V power supply. The synchronous RCC operates up to about 100 MHz, has a resolution of 1.2 /spl mu/A, and consumes 2.5 mW from a 3 V power supply. The measurements are compared with post-layout simulations.
Cardioprotective Effects of Minocycline in Rat Myocardiac Cell Culture Induced by Hypoxia (2004)

Purpose:Minocycline appears to reduce the mortality rate of patients with myocardial infarction. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of minocycline through reduction of apoptosis were studied in a rat myocardiac cell culture induced by hypoxia. Methods:Cultured cells from the hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two sets of groups:normoxia groups treated with 5% and hypoxia groups treated with 1% . After several days of incubation, the control groups were not treated with minocycline, while the sample groups were treated with 1 g/mL of minocycline. The damaged cells were observed under a microscope, while apoptosis was detected using a Tdt-mediated dUTP nick and labeling(TUNEL) assay control- stained with 4'-6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2HCl(DAPI). Results:In normoxia, the control group showed a statistically significant difference from the sample group treated with 1 g/mL of minocycline. In addition, in hypoxia, there was also a statistically significant difference between the two groups. When comparing the normoxia and hypoxia groups to each other, there was a statistically significant difference between the control groups and sample groups. Conclusion:Minocycline was found to be protective for heart in normoxia and in hypoxia in the model of rat myocardiac cell culture
Quantitative analysis of the lamina cribrosa in vivo using a scanning laser opthalmoscope (1997)

The technique described allows, for the first time, in vivo morphometry of the internal lamina cribrosa surface. This method has good reproducibility, suggesting future clinical applications.
LocateP: Genome-scale subcellular-location predictor for bacterial proteins (2008)

LocateP is by far the most accurate and detailed protein SCL predictor for Gram-positive bacteria currently available.
Syntax-Aware Action Targeting for Video Captioning (2020)

Existing methods on video captioning have made great efforts to identify objects/instances in videos, but few of them emphasize the prediction of action. As a result, the learned models are likely to depend heavily on the prior of training data, such as the co-occurrence of objects, which may cause an enormous divergence between the generated descriptions and the video content. In this paper, we explicitly emphasize the importance of \textit{action} by predicting visually-related syntax components including \textit{subject}, \textit{object} and \textit{predicate}. Specifically, we propose a Syntax-Aware Action Targeting (SAAT) module that firstly builds a self-attended scene representation to draw global dependence among multiple objects within a scene, and then decodes the visually-related syntax components by setting different queries. After targeting the \textit{action}, indicated by \textit{predicate}, our captioner learns an attention distribution over the \textit{predicate} and the previously predicted words to guide the generation of the next word. Comprehensive experiments on MSVD and MSR-VTT datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model.
Community based approaches to the control of multidrug resistant tuberculosis: introducing “DOTS-plus” (1998)

Tuberculosis remains the world's leading infectious cause of adult deaths, most of which are due not to multidrug resistant tuberculosis but to lack of access to effective treatment for drug susceptible tuberculous disease.1 New data suggest, however, that multidrug resistant tuberculosis is emerging as an increasingly important cause of morbidity and death. In the United States, Europe, and Latin America, highly resistant strains of tuberculosis have caused explosive institutional outbreaks (in hospitals, prisons, and homeless shelters) with high case fatality rates among immunosuppressed people and high rates of transmission to other patients and to caregivers and their families.2–8

These outbreaks are not restricted to certain regions. The WHO/International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease's global survey of resistance to antituberculous drugs now reveals that multidrug resistant tuberculosis has already become established worldwide. In several countries—including Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Cote d'Ivoire, and the Dominican Republic—“hot zones” of ongoing transmission have been identified. Failure to follow the World Health Organisation's guidelines was clearly associated with high rates of multidrug resistant tuberculosis; the survey was thus able to identify countries in which an increase in multidrug resistant tuberculosis was likely, given the current programme conditions.9

#### Summary points

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis is already a global pandemic, with focal “hot zones” of increased transmission

Although DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) chemotherapy is the goal of global tuberculosis control, short course chemotherapy will not cure multidrug resistant tuberculosis

In settings of high transmission of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, “DOTS-plus” (a complementary DOTS based strategy with provisions for treating multidrug resistant tuberculosis) is warranted

Community based strategies designed to enhance local capacity are cost effective and make it possible to meet new medical challenges

Unfortunately, treatment options have been limited for most people with multidrug resistant tuberculosis, largely because of the cost of drugs. …
Rapid Delineation of Extended Defects in GaN and a Novel Method for Their Reduction (2002)

Availability of reliable and quick methods to investigate extended defects and polarity in GaN films are of great interest to researchers investigating and exploiting GaN-based structures. The step immediately following the determination of defect density (DD) is to explore ways in which the DD can be reduced. In this paper, we report a systematic investigation of DD determination in GaN which is followed by a novel technique, use of quantum dots, to reduce the DD. We have used photo-electrochemical (PEC) and hot wet etching to determine the DD. We found the density of whiskers formed by the PEC process to be similar to the density of hexagonal pits formed by wet etching and to the dislocation density obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hot wet etching was also used to investigate the polarity of MBE-grown GaN films together with convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We have found that hot H3PO4 etches N-polarity GaN films very quickly resulting in the complete removal or a drastic change of surface morphology. We also report on the improvement in the GaN crystal quality by using multiple layers of quantum dots (QDs) as part of a strain-relieving buffer layer. Samples with QDs generally showed narrower X-ray diffraction peaks and higher photoluminescence efficiency than the control samples without QDs. Insertion of QDs reduced the dislocation density, as determined by a defect revealing etch, from ∼1010 cm—2 to ∼5 × 107 cm—2. Preliminary TEM investigations show that many of the dislocations terminate at QDs.
Opportunistic Sampling for Joint Population Size and Density Estimation (2015)

Consider a set of probes, called “agents”, who sample, based on opportunistic contacts, a population moving between a set of discrete locations. An example of such agents are Bluetooth probes that sample the visible Bluetooth devices in a population. Based on the obtained measurements, we construct a parametric statistical model to jointly estimate the total population size (e.g., the number of visible Bluetooth devices) and their spatial density. We evaluate the performance of our estimators by using Bluetooth traces obtained during an open-air event and Wi-Fi traces obtained on a university campus.
Modeling lymphocyte homing and encounters in lymph nodes (2009)

Our model reproduces the correct timing of an immune response, including the observed time delay between duplication of T helper cells and duplication of B cells in response to antigen exposure. Furthermore, we investigate the consequences of the absence of dendritic cells at different times during infection, and the dependence of system dynamics on the regulation of lymphocyte exit from lymph nodes. In both cases, the model predicts the emergence of an impaired immune response, i.e., the response is significantly reduced in magnitude. Dendritic cell removal is also shown to delay the response time with respect to normal conditions.
<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT of Cervical Carcinoma (2011)

There is increasing evidence that FDG PET/CT has a role in the primary evaluation of cervical carcinoma-in particular, for evaluating lymph node status and distant metastatic disease. PET/CT is also helpful to determine prognosis, assess treatment response, and evaluate disease recurrence.
Wideband SSFP: Alternating repetition time balanced steady state free precession with increased band spacing (2007)

Balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging is limited by off-resonance banding artifacts, which occur with periodicity 1/TR in the frequency spectrum. A novel balanced SSFP technique for widening the band spacing in the frequency response is described. This method, called wideband SSFP, utilizes two alternating repetition times with alternating RF phase, and maintains high SNR and T(2)/T(1) contrast. For a fixed band spacing, this method can enable improvements in spatial resolution compared to conventional SSFP. Alternatively, for a fixed readout duration this method can widen the band spacing, and potentially avoid the banding artifacts in conventional SSFP. The method is analyzed using simulations and phantom experiments, and is applied to the reduction of banding artifacts in cine cardiac imaging and high-resolution knee imaging at 3T.
Thiepins and Selenium Analogues (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Artificially Constructed De Novo Human Chromosome Behaves Almost Identically to Its Natural Counterpart during Metaphase and Anaphase in Living Cells (2006)

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are promising reagents for the analysis of chromosome function. While HACs are maintained stably, the segregation mechanisms of HACs have not been investigated in detail. To analyze HACs in living cells, we integrated 256 copies of the Lac operator into a precursor yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing alpha-satellite DNA and generated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged HACs in HT1080 cells expressing a GFP-Lac repressor fusion protein. Time-lapse analyses of GFP-HACs and host centromeres in living mitotic cells indicated that the HAC was properly aligned at the spindle midzone and that sister chromatids of the HAC separated with the same timing as host chromosomes and moved to the spindle poles with mobility similar to that of the host centromeres. These results indicate that a HAC composed of a multimer of input alpha-satellite YACs retains most of the functions of the centromeres on natural chromosomes. The only difference between the HAC and the host chromosome was that the HAC oscillated more frequently, at higher velocity, across the spindle midzone during metaphase. However, this provides important evidence that an individual HAC has the capacity to maintain tensional balance in the pole-to-pole direction, thereby stabilizing its position around the spindle midzone.