gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction* (1987)

The superior efficiency of systematic sampling at all levels in stereological studies is emphasized and various commonly used ways of implementing it are briefly described. Summarizing recent theoretical and experimental studies a set of very simple estimators of efficiency are presented and illustrated with a variety of biological examples. In particular, a nomogram for predicting the necessary number of points when performing point counting is provided. The very efficient and simple unbiased estimator of the volume of an arbitrary object based on Cavalieri's principle is dealt with in some detail. The efficiency of the systematic fractionating of an object is also illustrated.
(AlAs)1/2(GaAs)1/2 fractional-layer superlattices grown on (001) vicinal GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (1988)

(AlAs)1/2(GaAs)1/2 fractional‐layer superlattices with a new periodicity perpendicular to the growth direction are successfully grown, by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on (001) GaAs substrates, slightly misoriented towards [110]. The periodic structure in the lateral [110] direction is analyzed by x‐ray superlattice satellite diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Superlattice width along [110] direction are exactly the same as the mean distance of each monolayer step on the (001) vicinal surface. The satellite peak intensity increases with increasing AsH3 partial pressure, and is stronger for substrates misoriented towards [110] than those misoriented towards [110]. The result can be explained using the lateral growth model, taking into account the dangling bond at the step edge. The superlattice image is clearly observed by TEM, which shows that the superlattice periods are almost uniform everywhere.
Sampling based scene-space video processing (2015)

Many compelling video processing effects can be achieved if per-pixel depth information and 3D camera calibrations are known. However, the success of such methods is highly dependent on the accuracy of this "scene-space" information. We present a novel, sampling-based framework for processing video that enables high-quality scene-space video effects in the presence of inevitable errors in depth and camera pose estimation. Instead of trying to improve the explicit 3D scene representation, the key idea of our method is to exploit the high redundancy of approximate scene information that arises due to most scene points being visible multiple times across many frames of video. Based on this observation, we propose a novel pixel gathering and filtering approach. The gathering step is general and collects pixel samples in scene-space, while the filtering step is application-specific and computes a desired output video from the gathered sample sets. Our approach is easily parallelizable and has been implemented on GPU, allowing us to take full advantage of large volumes of video data and facilitating practical runtimes on HD video using a standard desktop computer. Our generic scene-space formulation is able to comprehensively describe a multitude of video processing applications such as denoising, deblurring, super resolution, object removal, computational shutter functions, and other scene-space camera effects. We present results for various casually captured, hand-held, moving, compressed, monocular videos depicting challenging scenes recorded in uncontrolled environments.
Assessment of initial fixation of endoscopic interference femoral screws with divergent and parallel placement (1995)

Divergence of the interference screw placement used for femoral fixation during endoscopically assisted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has been described. This study is a biomechanical evaluation in 12 pairs of fresh intact bovine knees of femoral interference screws placed divergently and parallel relative to the bone block and its tunnel. One knee of each pair had the interference screw placed in a parallel fashion and the other knee had a 15 degrees divergence from the bone plug. Paired specimens were used to provide an optimal comparison of biomechanical data of the two different screw placements. No statistically significant differences were seen between the two groups when looking at ultimate load, deformation, and stiffness. Mode of failure was of more concern: in 4 of 12 divergent constructs, bone plug pullout occurred compared with only 1 of 12 in the parallel construct. The pullout strength remains high even with divergence of up to 15 degrees between the bone plug and femoral interference screws placed endoscopically.
Left ventricular volume: an optimal parameter to detect systolic dysfunction on prospectively triggered 64-multidetector row computed tomography: another step towards reducing radiation exposure (2010)

In this study, we define the correlation between LV volumes (both LV end-diastolic volume [LVEDV] and LV end-systolic volume [LVESV]) and ejection fraction (EF) on 64 slice multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). We also determine the accuracy of all the LV volume (LVV) parameters to detect LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and investigate the feasibility of using LVV as a surrogate of LVSD on prospectively gated imaging to prevent the radiation exposure of retrospective imaging. 568 patients undergoing 64-detector MDCT were divided into 2 groups: Group 1-subjects without any heart disease and LVEF ≥ 50%; and Group 2-patients with coronary artery disease and LVEF < 50% (defined as LVSD). The LVV (LV cavity only) and Total LV volume (cavity + LV mass) at end-systole and end-diastole (LVESV, Total LVESV, LVEDV and Total LVEDV) were measured. The upper limit values (mean + 2 SD) of all LVV parameters in Group 1 were used as the reference criterion to diagnose LVSD in Group 2. An exponential correlation was found between LVEF and all the LVV parameters. The specificity to detect LVSD in Group 2 was >90% and the sensitivity was 88.9, 83.3, 61.3 and 74.9% by using LVESV, Total LVESV, LVEDV and Total LVEDV, respectively. Systolic and diastolic LV volumes had a high correlation with LVEF and a high accuracy to detect LVSD. Thus, on prospectively triggered imaging, ventricular volumes can predict patients with reduced LVEF, and appropriate referrals can be made.
Dual-detection confocal fluorescence microscopy: fluorescence axial imaging without axial scanning (2013)

We propose a new method for high-speed, three-dimensional (3-D) fluorescence imaging, which we refer to as dual-detection confocal fluorescence microscopy (DDCFM). In contrast to conventional beam-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy, where the focal spot must be scanned either optically or mechanically over a sample volume to reconstruct a 3-D image, DDCFM can obtain the depth of a fluorescent emitter without depth scanning. DDCFM comprises two photodetectors, each with a pinhole of different size, in the confocal detection system. Axial information on fluorescent emitters can be measured by the axial response curve through the ratio of intensity signals. DDCFM can rapidly acquire a 3-D fluorescent image from a single two-dimensional scan with less phototoxicity and photobleaching than confocal fluorescence microscopy because no mechanical depth scans are needed. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method by phantom studies.
Toward Automatic 3D Generic Object Modeling from One Single Image (2011)

We present a novel method for solving the challenging problem of generating 3D models of generic object categories from just one single un-calibrated image. Our method leverages the algorithm proposed in [1] which enables a partial reconstruction of the object from a single view. A full reconstruction is achieved in a subsequent object completion stage where modified or state-of-the-art 3D shape and texture completion techniques are used to recover the complete 3D model. We present results of our method on a number of images containing objects from five generic categories (mice, staplers, mugs, cars, and bicycles). We demonstrate (numerically and qualitatively) that our method produces convincing 3D models from a single image using minimal or no human intervention. Our technique is targeted to applications where users are interested in building virtual collections of 3D models of objects, and sharing such models in virtual environments such as Google 3D Warehouse or Second Life (secondlife.com).
Development and Application of Ion Exchange Silver Recovery System. (1974)

A study was conducted on the feasibility and extent of application of the ion exchange process as a method for silver recovery from spent photographic fixer solutions. The study demonstrates the technical feasibility of using ion exchange systems to recover silver from photographic fixer solutions for silver concentrations between 0.05 and 0.5 gm/l. However, ion exchange system operation at or above silver concentrations of 0.5 gm/l appears to negate any cost advantages over the electrolytic recovery systems. In addition, operation at concentrations under 0.05 gm/l requires about 10 times the resin needed at concentrations of 1.0 mg/l. A previously postulated resin-fouling mechanism was supported by experimental exchange data from a series of synthetic spent fixer solutions. Fouling during silver stripping may be caused by the formation of colloidal sulfur and silver sulfide particles with electrostatic charges neutralized by anionic exchange sites of the resin. A re-examination proved that an aqueous sodium acetate prewash of an anionic exchange column is a satisfactory method of preventing resin fouling by inorganic colloids.
Teratogenicity of Antiepileptic Drug Combinations with Special Emphasis on Epoxidation (of Carbamazepine) (1984)

A higher rate of congenital anomalies has been found after prenatal exposure to some combinations of antiepileptic drugs than to the separate drugs. In an earlier study a rate of 58% congenital anomalies was found among infants exposed to carbamazepine plus phenobarbitone plus valproate. In this study an attempt was made to determine whether this specific combination of drugs has teratogenic activity due to metabolic interaction. The epidemiological data were analyzed further. The high rate of congenital anomalies after prenatal exposure to this combination could not be explained by the effects of one or two of these drugs only, nor by additional exposure to phenytoin. Assuming that metabolic interaction in the arene oxide pathway resulting in accumulation of epoxide intermediates of antiepileptic drugs could be responsible for teratogenesis, the ratio of carbamazepine to carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide concentrations in serum was determined in adult patients with epilepsy who were treated with carbamazepine only and with different combinations of phenobarbitone, valproate, and/or phenytoin. For carbamazepine monotherapy the mean ratio was 8.19. For all combinations lower ratios were found, indicating accumulation of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide. The combination of carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, valproate, and phenytoin showed the lowest ratio (1.94), followed by carbamazepine, valproate, and phenytoin and by carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, and valproate (2.81 and 3.18, respectively). These results give rise to the question of whether the combination of carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, valproate, and/or phenytoin has teratogenic activity by accumulation of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide or other epoxide intermediates, and stress the need to take metabolic interactions into account when investigating the teratogenic activity of antiepileptic drugs.
DRAM-Less: Hardware Acceleration of Data Processing with New Memory (2020)

General purpose hardware accelerators have become major data processing resources in many computing domains. However, the processing capability of hardware accelerations is often limited by costly software interventions and memory copies to support compulsory data movement between different processors and solid-state drives (SSDs). This in turn also wastes a significant amount of energy in modern accelerated systems. In this work, we propose, DRAM-less, a hardware automation approach that precisely integrates many state-of-the-art phase change memory (PRAM) modules into its data processing network to dramatically reduce unnecessary data copies with a minimum of software modifications. We implement a new memory controller that plugs a real 3x nm multi-partition PRAM to 28nm technology FPGA logic cells and interoperate its design into a real PCIe accelerator emulation platform. The evaluation results reveal that our DRAM-less achieves, on average, 47% better performance than advanced acceleration approaches that use a peer-to-peer DMA.
Analysis of Singularities From Modulus Maxima of Complex Wavelets (2005)

Complex-valued wavelets are normally used to measure instantaneous frequencies, while real wavelets are normally used to detect singularities. We prove that the wavelet modulus maxima with a complex-valued wavelet can detect and characterize singularities. This is an extension of the previous wavelet work of Mallat and Hwang on modulus maxima using a real wavelet. With this extension, we can simultaneously detect instantaneous frequencies and singularities from the wavelet modulus maxima of a complex-valued wavelet. Some results of singularity detection with the modulus maxima from a real wavelet and an analytic complex-valued wavelet are compared. We also demonstrate that singularity detection methods can be employed to detect the corners of a planar object.
Prognostic Factors in Ossiculoplasty: A Statistical Staging System (2001)

The revised staging system, the Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Staging Index, more adequately predicts hearing outcome in this series of 200 cases.
A Dual Low Power 1/2 LSB NL 16b/1Msample/s SAR A/D Converter with on-chip Microcontroller (2006)

A 0.35 mum double-poly CMOS 16 b SAR A/D converter uses self-calibration techniques to obtain frac12 LSB INL. The differential and single-ended THD at 1Msample/s are 101dB and 96 dB, respectively. Each ADC consumes 20 mW at 3 V and occupies 2.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area, resulting in a 0.9 pJ/b FOM. The chip includes 3 ADCs, 2 DACs, 8051-microcontroller, CAN controller, DMA controller, 64 K flash memory and 4 K RAM occupying 26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Luminaire Design Related to Visibility (1973)

Design of luminaires and lighting systems traditionally has been made in accordance with the criterion of providing adequate levels of ilumination. The problem of overcoming ``veiling reflection'' effects, which cause great losses of visibility, largely has been overlooked. This has resulted in the ``visual performance'' of persons engaged in tasks such as reading and writing seriously being impaired. This paper describes the cause and evaluation of veiling reflections and shows how lighting equipment can be designed to overcome the deleterious effects, without sacrificing other requirements of the system.
AN INTEGRATED PLANNING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TRANSIT NETWORK MANAGEMENT (2000)

Demands for a competitive public transport which can offer alternatives to private transport and which requires minimum public subsidies call for a planning process which equally considers the impacts on passengers and operators. Passengers ask for a good service quality, which means • a short travel time,
Non-thermal Inactivation of Bacillus Spores by Pressure-holding (2005)

Bacillus subtilis spores were pressurized at 60MPa at 40°C for 0∼24 hours in phosphate buffer or GAM broth. After 24 hours, viable counts and spore counts decreased by about 5 log cycles in the broth and by only 1.6 log cycles in the phosphate buffer. Most of the spores in the broth changed from bright to dark after 4 hours, after which some of them began to bud, as observed by phase contrast microscopy. These results show that the spores germinated due to pressure and the presence of germination-inducing components in the broth, and that the germinated spores were then inactivated before changing into vegetative cells. We conclude that it is possible to inactivate B. subtilis spores by pressure-holding in non-thermal conditions. The same phenomenon was observed for B. licheniformis, B. cereus and B. coagulans, but the viable counts for these bacilli did not decrease as much as that of B. subtilis.
Tools to "Unteach" (2010)

I hate when I have to “unteach” a patient. It’s very difficult to get a patient to unlearn something that is wrong. Whether they heard it from a friend, family member, or on the Internet, if it doesn’t jibe with your message, your job as an educator just gets harder.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Texture Analysis (2017)

Texture classification is a problem that has variousapplications such as remote sensing and forest speciesrecogni- tion. Solutions tend to be custom fit to the datasetused but fails to generalize. The Convolutional NeuralNetwork (CNN) in combination with Support Vector Machine(SVM) form a robust selection between powerful invariantfeature extractor and accurate classifier. The fusion ofexperts provides stability in classification rates amongdifferent datasets.
Distributed Cross-Layer Optimization for Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

This paper presents a distributed cross-layer optimization algorithm for a multihop cognitive radio network, with the objective of maximizing data rates for a set of user communication sessions. We study this problem with joint consideration of power control, scheduling, and routing. Even under a centralized approach, such a problem has a mixed-integer nonlinear program formulation and is likely NP-hard. Thus, a distributed problem is very challenging. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a distributed optimization algorithm that iteratively increases data rates for user communication sessions. During each iteration, our algorithm has routing, minimalist scheduling, and power control/scheduling modules for improving the current solution at all three layers. To evaluate the performance of the distributed optimization algorithm, we compare it with an upper bound of the objective function. Results show that the distributed optimization algorithm can achieve a performance close to this upper bound. Because the optimal solution (unknown) is between the upper bound and the solution obtained by our distributed algorithm, we conclude that the results obtained by our distributed algorithm are highly competitive.
Rethinking American schools in the post‐cold war era:<i>Introductory remarks from the NEA president</i> (1994)

must graduate with more than knowledge of the past. They must have the ability to synthesize and analyze new information, think for themselves, and adapt quickly to a world where change is the only constant. In their efforts to meet these challenges, students face an imposing obstacle: The technological tools now commonplace in our nation's workplaces are rarely found in America's public schools, particularly those in our urban centers and isolated rural areas. Compounding this problem is the fact that too many students attend classes in dilapidated buildings that not only depress student and faculty spirits but also threaten their health and safety. These obsolete facilities are not capable of sustaining the electrical systems necessary for an integrated computer and telecommunications network. Given the present financial condition of many school districts, we have thousands of American schools that simply cannot afford to enter the 21st century. Rethinking American education demands rethinking much more than schools. Our schools reflect our society. Rethinking American schools therefore demands rethinking other dimensions of our society: the organization of government, the involvement of business in defining educational content, and the transformation of the American family. In my judg-
An Experimental Study of Titanium Powder Reactivity in Gaseous Environments. Part I: Oxidation (1994)

Abstract A simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer with a range from 20 to 1600°C was used to study the oxidation of Ti powder. The influences of powder morphology, initial oxygen and nitrogen content and the effects of heating rate and sample size were investigated. All the oxidation experiments terminated at the sample ignition point with an associated heating effect that induced sample melting. The ignition temperature for oxidation increased with higher initial oxygen content, and the nature of the ignition process changed: the transition from passivity to combustion via a regime of gradual oxidation collapsed, bypassing the initial oxidation process observed for powders with lower initial oxygen contents. Cracking of the protective oxide scale played an important part in this behavior. The complete history of the powder needs lo be known in order to characterize its reactivity: simple measurable powder characteristics like particle size, surface area and oxygen content alone, are not sufficient for the determination of powder reactivity.
Fabrication and characterization of 5-mm-thick periodically poled MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ device (2005)

Fabrication of 5 mm-thick periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ device with 32.1 /spl mu/m period was demonstrated by temperature-elevated field poling technique. The periodic-structure quality was evaluated by second-harmonic generation of 954 nm using d/sub 31/-coefficient.
A Fast-Transient Low-Dropout Regulator With Load-Tracking Impedance Adjustment and Loop-Gain Boosting Technique (2010)

A low-voltage fast-transient low dropout (LDO) regulator compensated by an off-chip, low-equivalent-series-resistance (ESR), nanorange output capacitor is reported in this brief. The proposed load-tracking impedance adjustment and the loop-gain boosting technique make the proposed LDO regulator have fast response and small voltage spikes. The circuit is implemented by a commercial 0.35- μm CMOS technology. The chip area is 0.032 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The supply voltage ranges from 1.5 to 3 V. The regulated voltage is 1.2 V to provide 0-100 mA. The quiescent current in the no-load condition is 26 μA. A 100-nF low-ESR capacitor is sufficient to stabilize the proposed LDO regulator. The measured voltage spike is 44.9 mV only, and the response time is less than 0.2 μs.
Initial rotor position estimation method of sensorless PM synchronous motor with no sensitivity to armature resistance (1998)

This paper proposes a new initial rotor position estimation method of a sensorless permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor at starting condition, which has no sensitivity to the armature resistance. The method is based on saliency of the rotor and employs the alternating magnetic field which is excited by a current controller. The phase differences between the magnetizing current references and the voltage references make it possible to estimate the rotor direction accurately without motor parameters, except the ratio of direct axis and quadrature axis inductance. Also, the magnetic pole is evidently identified by detecting the voltage reference oscillation phenomena caused by magnetic saturation, which can be performed without motor parameters. The experimental result has proven that the estimation error was within -4.5 to +2.5 mechanical degrees, even though the armature resistance varied to 125% of the nominal value.