gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G-STAR space solar array design (2002)

The objective of this development was to make an evolutionary improvement in the performance and cost of space qualified solar cell arrays incorporating solar concentration. High efficiency multijunction solar cells have established new solar array performance levels and have demonstrated benefits both from a systems cost and mass aspect. The G-STAR solar array design brings additional cost benefits. Because the 2.5/spl times/ concentration ratio reflector units are distributed (every other row of cells), the operating temperatures are lower than nondistributed systems and complexity is reduced. This paper describes the design features and provides performance characteristics, which can be used by spacecraft designers. Development models have been fabricated and tested to establish credibility and initial reliability testing is reported.
Doppler encoded excitation pattern tomographic optical microscopy (2010)

Most far-field optical imaging systems rely on lenses and spatially resolved detection to probe distinct locations on the object. We describe and demonstrate a high-speed wide-field approach to imaging that instead measures the complex spatial Fourier transform of the object by detecting its spatially integrated response to dynamic acousto-optically synthesized structured illumination. Tomographic filtered backprojection is applied to reconstruct the object in two or three dimensions. This technique decouples depth of field and working distance from resolution, in contrast to conventional imaging, and can be used to image biological and synthetic structures in fluoresced or scattered light employing coherent or broadband illumination. We discuss the electronically programmable transfer function of the optical system and its implications for imaging dynamic processes. We also explore wide-field fluorescence imaging in scattering media by coherence gating. Finally, we present two-dimensional high-resolution tomographic image reconstructions in both scattered and fluoresced light demonstrating a thousandfold improvement in the depth of field compared to conventional lens-based microscopy.
Acceleration of amyloid protein A amyloidosis by amyloid-like synthetic fibrils (1998)

Amyloid protein A (AA) amyloidosis is a consequence of some long-standing inflammatory conditions, and subsequently, an N-terminal fragment of the acute phase protein serum AA forms β-sheet fibrils that are deposited in different tissues. It is unknown why only some individuals develop AA amyloidosis. In the mouse model, AA amyloidosis develops after ≈25 days of inflammatory challenge. This lag phase can be shortened dramatically by administration of a small amount of amyloid extract containing an as yet undefined amyloid-enhancing factor. In the present study, we show that preformed amyloid-like fibrils made from short synthetic peptides corresponding to parts of several different amyloid fibril proteins exert amyloidogenic enhancing activity when given i.v. to mice at the induction of inflammation. We followed i.v. administered, radiolabeled, heterologous, synthetic fibrils to the lung and to the perifollicular area in the spleen and found that new AA–amyloid fibrils developed on these preformed fibrils. Our findings thus show that preformed, synthetic, amyloid-like fibrils have an in vivo nidus activity and that amyloid-enhancing activity may occur, at least in part, through this mechanism. Our findings also show that fibrils of a heterologous chemical nature exert amyloid-enhancing activity.
Benzvalene synthesis (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzvalene synthesisThomas J. Katz, E. Jang Wang, and Nancy ActonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 15, 3782–3783Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00744a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00744a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views961Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermionic and tunneling transport mechanisms in graphene field‐effect transistors (2008)

Abstract We present an analytical device model for a graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET) on a highly conducting substrate, playing the role of the back gate, with relatively short top gate which controls the source–drain current The equations of the GFET device model include the Poisson equation in the weak nonlocality approximation. Using this model, we find explicit analytical formulae for the spatial distributions of the electric potential along the channel and for the voltage dependences of the thermionic and tunneling currents. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gravity related features of plant growth behavior studied with rotating machines. (1996)

Research in plant physiology consists mostly of studies on plant growth because almost everything a plant does is done by growing. Most aspects of plant growth are strongly influenced by the earth's gravity vector. Research on those phenomena address scientific questions specifically about how plants use gravity to guide their growth processes.
A Damped Λ-type Atom in a Rotating Electric Field (2000)

In this paper, we consider the motion of a damped Λ type atom in a rotating electric field.It is shown that the levels of a damped Λ type atom split into six sublevels and the lifetime change.By means of some special tuning ways and approximate conditions,we get the simpler results under strong field and weak field conditions respectively.
On Sparse, Spectral and Other Parameterizations of Binary Probabilistic Models (2012)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
A PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonist blocks the hypercalcemic response to estradiol-17β (2007)

Estradiol (E(2)) increases circulating calcium and phosphate levels in fish, thus acting as a hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic factor during periods of high calcium requirements, such as during vitellogenesis. Since parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP) has been shown to be calciotropic in fish, we hypothesized that the two hormones could be mediating the same process. Sea bream (Sparus auratus) juveniles receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of piscine PTHrP(1-34) showed an elevation in calcium plasma levels within 24 h. In contrast, injections of the PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonist PTHrP(7-34) decreased circulating levels of calcium in the same period. Intraperitoneal implants of estradiol-17beta (E(2); 10 microg/g) evoked significant increases of circulating plasma levels of calcium and phosphorus and a sustained increases of circulating plasma levels of PTHrP. However, a combined treatment of E(2) and PTHrP(7-34) evoked a markedly lower calcium response compared with E(2) alone. We conclude that PTHrP or a related peptide that binds the PTH/PTHrP receptor mediates, at least in part, the hypercalcemic effect of E(2) in calcium and phosphate balance in fish.
<sup>1</sup>H,<sup>15</sup>N, and<sup>13</sup>C backbone chemical shift assignments, secondary structure, and magnesium-binding characteristics of the<i>bacillus subtilis</i>response regulator, SpoOF, determined by heteronuclear high-resolution NMR (1995)

Spo0F, sporulation stage 0 F protein, a 124-residue protein responsible, in part, for regulating the transition of Bacillus subtilis from a vegetative state to a dormant endospore, has been studied by high-resolution NMR. The 1H, 15N, and 13C chemical shift assignments for the backbone residues have been determined from analyses of 3D spectra, 15N TOCSY-HSQC, 15N NOESY-HSQC, HNCA, and HN(CO)CA. Assignments for many sidechain proton resonances are also reported. The secondary structure, inferred from short- and medium-range NOEs, 3JHN alpha coupling constants, and hydrogen exchange patterns, define a topology consistent with a doubly wound (alpha/beta)5 fold. Interestingly, comparison of the secondary structure of Spo0F to the structure of the Escherichia coli response regulator, chemotaxis Y protein (CheY) (Volz K, Matsumura P, 1991, J Biol Chem 266:15511-15519; Bruix M et al., 1993, Eur J Biochem 215:573-585), show differences in the relative length of secondary structure elements that map onto a single face of the tertiary structure of CheY. This surface may define a region of binding specificity for response regulators. Magnesium titration of Spo0F, followed by amide chemical shift changes, gives an equilibrium dissociation constant of 20 +/- 5 mM. Amide resonances most perturbed by magnesium binding are near the putative site of phosphorylation, Asp 54.
Plasma Membrane Involvement in Brown Fat Thermogenesis (1978)

Recent experiments indicate that plasma membranes of brown adipocytes contain distinct alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors able to recognize norepinephrine. Although activation of either receptor leads to brown fat thermogenesis via pathways that have some, but not all, events in common, the beta-induced calorigenesis appears quantitatively greater than that elicited by the alpha-pathway. The sensitivity of the adrenergic-evoked respiration to Na+/K+ pump blockade as well as to atractyloside supports the view that a significant portion of brown fat thermogenesis reflects increased ATP turnover and enhanced mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
Synthesis and analytical applications of photoluminescent carbon nanodots (2012)

We have developed a simple approach for the preparation of carbon nanodots (C-dots) from coffee grounds. As-prepared C-dots have an average diameter of 5 ± 2 nm, of which quantum yield is 3.8%. We have validated the practicality of C-dots for cell imaging and surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) of angiotensin I and insulin.
The Relationship Between Seed Number and Berry Weight in Open-Pollinated Highbush Blueberries (1967)

Abstract Regressions of berry weights on seed number in individual fruits of the blue berry have been reported only by Aalders and Hall (1) for Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. They obtained two highly significant (P = .01) linear regression coefficients.
A new beginning... (2010)

Dear Readers, It gives us immense pleasure in presenting to you the current issue of Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine (IJNM). We admit that IJNM is passing through a tough phase of its existence. Our new editorial team is committed to revive and regularize it. Our goal, primarily, would be to bring out its issues on time and revive its academic and scientific content. The IJNM, similar to other journals, represents the intellectual and scientific mind set of a vibrant professional society. However, for many years, I have observed a sea of change in the intellectual and scientific culture of our society. We love to speak in seminars and conferences, and fight by all means to win a prime time slot in the conference proceedings. It must be providing an immense boost to the professional ego and an increase in the energy / adrenaline levels of the presenter. However, its impact on the audience remains as transient as the time period of the professional talk, varying from 10 to 30 minutes maximum. Even the audience shows their apathy by their thin attendance in large auditoriums. The impact of scientific writing is everlasting. You can refer to it in the hour of need, update it with more experiences, and change it based on the current evidence. The written script is always open for scrutiny, which makes it a viable medium for interaction. Scientific literature is evidence-based rather than eminence-based. I have seen many members of the Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM), India, keeping back issues of IJNM in hard-bound form, in book racks and departmental libraries as proud owners. We need to derive inspiration from such readers and inculcate the culture of scientific writing in our society. We appeal to healthcare companies engaged in nuclear medicine and allied products, to support the scientific writing culture in our society. You will find this medium more economical in promoting your products and supporting genuine science. We will be adding few valuable learning tools such as, 'Technology Update', 'Continuing Educational Activity', and 'Pictorial Essay' to the next issue of IJNM. Seeing the rapid growth of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), we need to prepare ourselves and the students for new challenges of fusion imaging. We are introducing a new column entitled 'Teaching File — Radiology for Nuclear Physicians'. The current issue of IJNM will make us feel that we, as a society, are academically 'ALIVE'. We are committed to better editions in the future. We need your active support in the form of scientific writings, valuable suggestions, and comments in the 'Letter to Editor' column. Yours in SNM,
Effects of die temperature on extrudate swell in screw extrusion (1986)

Abstract Extrusion of a hot polymer melt through a cooler die zone substantially increases the extrudate swell of some thermoplastics. This effect was examined for commercial samples of low‐density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Two conflicting effects come into play during extrusion of a thermoplastic. Colder melt temperatures promote increased extrudate swell, but the same conditions also facilitate molecular disentanglement and reduced melt elasticity and die swell. Since the extrusion process itself may affect the relation between die swell and melt temperature, laboratory‐scale measurements for the design of processes like blow molding are better carried out with small‐scale screw extruders than with capillary rheometers. For some applications it may be advantageous to use a polymer whose die swell is particularly responsive or unresponsive to die temperature variations. The procedure described in this article can be used effectively to monitor this characteristic.
Idebenone treatment fails to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (2003)

Idebenone failed to slow cognitive decline in AD that was of sufficient magnitude to be clinically significant.
Mechanisms of Airway Obliteration after Lung Transplantation (2006)

Post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans, also called bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, affects up to 50-60% of patients who survive 5 yr after surgery according to its clinical definition, which is based on the degree of obstructive airway disease. Alloimmune-independent and -dependent mechanisms produce injuries and inflammation of epithelial cells and subepithelial structures, leading to aberrant tissue repair. The triggering of innate immunity by various infections or chemical injuries after, for example, gastroesophageal reflux, may lead to the release of danger signals that are able to activate dendritic cells, a crucial link with adaptive immunity. Inflammation can also increase the expression and display of major histocompatibility alloantigens and thus favor the initiation of rejection episodes. These phenomena may be limited in time and location or may be protracted. Reducing the risk of alloimmune-independent factors may be as important as treating acute episodes of lung rejection. Excessive immunosuppression may be deleterious by increasing the risk of infection, thereby triggering innate and adaptive immunity. New potential therapeutic targets are emerging from the research performed on leukotriene receptors, chemokine receptors, and growth factors. Neutralizing these molecules reduces the initial mononuclear and polynuclear infiltrates or the subsequent fibroproliferative process and the neovascular changes, feeding this process.
Direct Synthesis of Se@CdSe Nanocables and CdSe Nanotubes by Reacting Cadmium Salts with Se Nanowires (2003)

Se@CdSe nanocables and CdSe nanotubes with diameters of around 50 nm (see Figure) can be directly synthesized via a template‐ engaged approach in aqueous solution. The walls of these nanotubes are composed of CdSe nanoparticles 5–10 nm in size. It is believed this approach can be potentially extended to process many other chalcogenides into tubular nanostructures.
Use of capillary zone electrophoresis to evaluate the binding of anionic carbohydrates to synthetic peptides derived from human serum amyloid P component (1992)

Capillary zone electrophoresis was used to study interactions between anionic carbohydrates and synthetic peptides derived from the heparin-binding region of human serum amyloid P component. The method involves quantitation of unbound peptides after a charge-dependent electrophoretic separation of the peptide-carbohydrate mixture. The concentrations of free peptide were determined by extrapolating the obtained peak areas of the peptide in the presence of ligand to a standard curve. Dissociation constants in the 10(-5) M range were determined, and differences in binding affinity of various peptide modifications were illustrated. The assay requires minute amounts of material (sample volume is 7-15 nL), and as long as the reactants are soluble at the chosen conditions, no modifications or special characteristics of the interacting molecules are needed for their identification. It should be possible to use electrophoretic separation in capillaries to evaluate the binding of peptides to any ligand as long as the differences in charge/mass ratio between free and complexed peptide are of a sufficient magnitude as in the peptide-heparin binding demonstrated here.
Combining a large sentiment lexicon and machine learning for subjectivity classification (2010)

Most previous work on subjectivity/sentiment classification bases on either machine learning techniques (such as SVM, Maximum Entropy, Naive Bayes, etc.) or general sentiment lexicons. This paper presents a novel approach to combine a large sentiment lexicon and machine learning techniques for opinion analysis: 1) a large sentiment lexicon is automatically adjusted according to training data; 2) machine learning techniques are used to learn models on training data; 3) the results given by machine learning classifiers and the supervised lexicon-based classifier are combined to get better results. The experiments with the NTCIR data show that our approach significantly outperforms the baselines on subjectivity classification, i.e. the adjusted large sentiment lexicon shows good performance and its combination with machine learning techniques shows further improvement.
Stabilization of axisymmetric mirror plasmas by energetic ion injection (1982)

Plasmas in axisymmetric mirror devices can be made stable to MHD interchange modes by injecting energetic ions which contribute significantly to the pressure and spend a sufficiently large fraction of a bounce time in regions of favourable curvature. Pitch-angle scattering adversely affects the method by reducing this fraction. The ions must be sufficiently energetic that pitch-angle scattering is not detrimental for that part of a slowing-down time during which they contribute significantly to the pressure. The authors have solved the bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck equation, including drag and pitch-angle scattering, and calculated the energetic ion contribution to the stability integral. With specially tailored magnetic fields, the required injection energy and power drain are found to be reasonable.
Mobilome and genetic modification of bifidobacteria (2012)

Until recently, proper development of molecular studies in Bifidobacterium species has been hampered by growth difficulties, because of their exigent nutritive requirements, oxygen sensitivity and lack of efficient genetic tools. These studies, however, are critical to uncover the cross-talk between bifidobacteria and their hosts' cells and to prove unequivocally the supposed beneficial effects provided through the endogenous bifidobacterial populations or after ingestion as probiotics. The genome sequencing projects of different bifidobacterial strains have provided a wealth of genetic data that will be of much help in deciphering the molecular basis of the physiological properties of bifidobacteria. To this end, the purposeful development of stable cloning and expression vectors based on robust replicons - either from temperate phages or resident plasmids - is still needed. This review addresses the current knowledge on the mobile genetic elements of bifidobacteria (prophages, plasmids and transposons) and summarises the different types of vectors already available, together with the transformation procedures for introducing DNA into the cells. It also covers recent molecular studies performed with such vectors and incipient results on the genetic modification of these organisms, establishing the basis that would allow the use of bifidobacteria for future biotechnological applications.
Penetrating Heart Injury due to Screwdriver Assault (2015)

Penetrating heart injuries cause wounds in the cardiac chambers. Most of them are due to gunshot or stabbing by knives. Screwdriver is an uncommon weapon. Authors report a case of stab wound by screwdriver, treated at cardiovascular center in Dakar. This is a 16-year-old boy who experienced physical aggression. He was assaulted with a screwdriver and had stab wound on the anterior wall of the chest. Physical examination showed a screwdriver penetrating the sternum bone over a right angle. He had a mild pericardial blood effusion and a right ventricle wound 5 mm in diameter with transection of the right coronary vein. The screwdriver was removed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the ventricle wound repaired by direct suture of stitches reinforced with Teflon pledgets. The right coronary artery was ligated. Postoperative period was free of events. Screwdriver is uncommonly used as a weapon. It is a dangerous device because of its rigid structure and narrow tip.
Can Consumers be Segmented on the Basis of their ServiceQuality Expectations? (1989)

Explores the segmentation by service marketers of the consumer market on the basis of service quality expectations. Measures consumer expectations and various quality dimensions for three commonly purchased professional and three non‐professional services. Evaluates the effect of various consumers′ demographic characteristics on service quality expectations. Concludes with a discussion of research and managerial implications.