gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Ketenimines by the Reaction of Thioamides with Diethyl Azodicarboxylate and Triphenylphosphine (1971)

Abstract The reaction of diphenylacetothioanilide with diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine gave rise to the formation of diphenylketene(N-phenyl)imine. Similarly, the reaction of N-(p-tolyl)diphenylacetothioamide gave diphenylketene(N-p-tolyl)imine. On treatment with diethyl azodicarboxylate in the presence of sodium ethoxide, diphenylacetothioanilide afforded bis(N-phenylbenzalimidoyl) disulfide in a good yield. The intermediate of the formation of the ketenimines is also discussed.
Matrix-specific Suppression of Integrin Activation in Shear Stress Signaling (2006)

Atherosclerotic plaque develops at sites of disturbed flow. We previously showed that flow activates endothelial cell integrins, which then bind to the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM), and, in cells on fibronectin or fibrinogen, trigger nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Additionally, fibronectin and fibrinogen are deposited into the subendothelial ECM at atherosclerosis-prone sites at early times. We now show that flow activates ECM-specific signals that establish patterns of integrin dominance. Flow induced alpha2beta1 activation in cells on collagen, but not on fibronectin or fibrinogen. Conversely, alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 are activated on fibronectin and fibrinogen, but not collagen. Failure of these integrins to be activated on nonpermissive ECM is because of active suppression by the integrins that are ligated. Protein kinase A is activated specifically on collagen and suppresses flow-induced alphavbeta3 activation. Alternatively, protein kinase Calpha is activated on fibronectin and mediates alpha2beta1 suppression. Thus, integrins actively cross-inhibit through specific kinase pathways. These mechanisms may determine cellular responses to complex extracellular matrices.
Fabrication of Broadband Antireflective Plasmonic Gold Nanocone Arrays on Flexible Polymer Films (2013)

Flexible broadband antireflective and light-absorbing nanostructured gold thin films are fabricated by gold vapor deposition onto Teflon films modified with nanocone arrays. The nanostructures are created by the oxygen plasma etching of polystyrene bead monolayers on Teflon surfaces. The periodicity and height of the nanocone arrays are controlled by the bead diameter and the overall etching time. The gold nanocone arrays exhibit a reflectivity of less than 1% over a wide spectral range (450-900 nm) and a wide range of incident angles (0-70°); this unique optical response is attributed to a combination of diffractive scattering loss and localized plasmonic absorption. In addition to nanocones, periodic nanostructures of nanocups, nanopyramids, and nanocavities can be created by the plasma etching of colloidal bilayers. This fabrication method can be used to create flexible nanocone-structured gold thin films over large surface areas (cm(2)) and should be rapidly incorporated into new technological applications that require wide-angle and broadband antireflective coatings.
An Overview of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM Systems (2006)

This paper reviews several peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction techniques and the related optimization problems. Chipping-based PAR reduction techniques are related to convex optimization problems and the global optimum solutions are relatively easy to find. Probabilistic techniques result in discrete optimization. Although finding its global optima is difficult, moderate suboptimal solutions can be achieved with low computational cost. Coding is promising because of its inherit error-correcting property. However, its extremely low coding rate in cases of large number of subcarriers prevents its application. Many criteria involve in the selection of a PAR reduction technique, e.g., PAR reduction capacity, power increase, bit error rate increase, complexity, and throughput. A main consideration is that the cost of extra complexity for PAR reduction is lower than the cost of power inefficiency. Low complexity PAR reduction techniques may find application in mobile communications
Functional bulk semiconductor oscillators (1967)

This paper describes the generation of various waveforms with bulk semiconductor (Gunn-effect) oscillators having non-uniform cross sections or connected to external resistive circuits by means of small contacts attached to the bulk between the cathode and anode. In nonuniform oscillators, if the variation of the cross section is gradual, a high-field domain is equivalent to a constant current density generator moving at constant velocity. From this simple model, oscillating current waveforms are closely related to the cross-sectional area of the device. The oscillating frequency can be tuned or switched by the bias voltage. In multiterminal oscillators, the cathode current changes whenever a domain passes one of the small contacts connected to the external circuit. The waveforms can be controlled by changing the external circuit parameters. The characteristics of these devices operating in the frequency range from 50 to 150 MHz were extensively studied by changing both the device configuration and the external resistances.
Medication Safety: Who's Accountable? (2007)

Despite our best efforts to safely manage all the new drugs on the market, and the complex therapies for the burgeoning elderly population and chronically ill, mistakes occur each day in every kind of health care setting.The extent of this problem was revealed in the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report To Err is Human, which estimated that at least 7,000 patients were dying each year from preventable medication errors. 1For 30 years, the USP-ISMP Medication Errors Reporting Program, operated jointly by the United States Pharmacopeia and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, has provided compelling evidence of medication-use system failures through analysis of voluntary reports.The program has alerted the health care industry to hazardous conditions that have frequently linked ordering, dispensing, and administration errors to ambiguous and illegible handwritten prescriptions; look-and sound-alike drug names; and poorly designed labeling.Despite these and other well-known system-related issues, the majority of the public, media, regulatory boards, and even some health care leaders continue to believe that accountability for error prevention lies solely with front-line practitioners, where the caregiver/patient interactions occur.James Reason, the "grandfather" of human errors and architect of the "Swiss cheese model" of error, believed that errors are never the result of a single failure but, instead, a series of system breakdowns, most of which are outside the control of the individual. 2 The Reason model also rejects naming, blaming, and training the practitioner closest to an error since this allows other key stakeholders to inappropriately delegate responsibility for the error back to that individual.A safe medication-use system requires early identification of problems, initiation of practical safety solutions, and universal acceptance of shared accountability among all stakeholders. 3It is paramount that health care professionals, organizations, product vendors, academic professionals, regulatory authorities, the media, health policy leaders, and even patients do their part to ensure a safe medication-use system.The IOM's recent report, Preventing Medication Errors outlines the actions that stakeholders should take, including a comprehensive examination of problems within the system and important safety strategies and policies needed for prevention. 4Listed below are a just a few of the essential actions for which stakeholders should be held accountable.
Fuel cell sesquicentennial (1979)

The development of fuel cell technology is summarized, and the potential for utility-type fuel cell installations is assessed on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the construction of the first fuel cell by Sir William Grove. The only functional fuel-cell systems developed to date, the hydrogen-oxygen cells used by NASA, are indicated, and hydrazine and alcohol (methanol) cells are considered. Areas requiring development before the implementation of fuel cells as general purpose utility-type electric generators include catalysts for naturally occurring hydrocarbons or processes for low-cost methanol or hydrazine production, efficient means of scrubbing and enriching air, self-regulating systems, and 15- to 20-fold power density increases. It is argued that although ideas for eliminating certain of the above-mentioned problems have been proposed, fuel-cell systems can never be expected to equal the efficiency, reliability and low cost of conventional power plants, and thus developmental support should be discontinued.
Regulation of the expression of the type‐II collagen gene in periosteum‐derived cells by three members of the transforming growth factor–β superfamily (1997)

Although transforming growth factors-beta and bone morphogenetic proteins are both capable of inducing bone formation in vivo, the target cells of their osteoinductive actions may be different. To evaluate periosteal cells as potential targets of the actions of transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein, we investigated the ability of three members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily to modulate expression of the gene encoding the alpha 1(II) chain of type-II collagen in periosteum-derived cells in vitro. The results demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta mRNA is expressed by periosteum-derived cells and that exogenous transforming growth factor-beta 1 acts to upregulate expression of the gene encoding collagen alpha 1(II). This effect was observed as early as 12 hours after administration of transforming growth factor-beta 1 but was not observed in response to bone morphogenetic proteins 3 or 4. No synergy was demonstrated between transforming growth factor-beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein-3 in the ability to upregulate expression of the collagen alpha 1(II) gene. These results support the hypothesis that committed periosteal mesenchymal cells are cellular targets of the action of transforming growth factor-beta.
Characterization of a Trpc6 Transgenic Mouse Associated with Early Onset FSGS (2014)

Given that the Trpc6 M131T mouse develops an early onset of FSGS-like phenotypes it represents a promising model for studying the pathogenesis of FSGS caused by TRpC6, facilitating the assessment of new drugs as treatments and allowing further studies to understand underlying molecular pathways involved in the development of the TRPC6 mediated disease.
Deuterium Treatment and Infrared Transmission Spectra of Fused Silica (1981)

The effects of deuterium treatment on the in absorption bands infused silica were measured. The deuterium treatment progressively replaces the OH group by the OD group as determined by reduction in the intensity of OH bands. New OD bands of lower intensity were developed at longer wavelengths. The extinction coefficient of the OD group was determined to be 0.57 times lower than that of the OH group .
18F-choline PET/CT physiological distribution and pitfalls in image interpretation: experience in 80 patients with prostate cancer (2009)

Accurate knowledge of the biodistribution of 18F-choline is essential for the correct interpretation of PET/CT imaging. CT enables differentiation of physiological bowel activity and 18F-choline excretion in the ureters. In our series, 18F-choline uptake in benign pathological conditions mainly included sites of inflammation; nevertheless, accumulation in tumour deposits not because PC cannot be excluded, particularly in the brain, where correlative imaging with magnetic resonance is of the utmost importance.
The development of PdNi thermoseeds for interstitial hyperthermia (1995)

Magnetic induction heating of thermoseed implants can be used to produce highly localized hyperthermia in deep-seated tumors. Automatic temperature control throughout the tumor can be achieved by the self-regulating character of ferromagnetic seeds, which corrects for local variations in heat loss due to blood perfusion. An increased sharpness of the ferromagnetic transition at the Curie temperature, Tc, improves the performance of self-regulating control. This was realized for palladium-nickel alloys by a "cold working" procedure preceded and followed by annealing. Palladium-nickel seeds with a predetermined Tc were produced, showing a sharp decrease at Tc of the magnetic susceptibility and the heat production.
Electron beam recording in SiO<sub>2</sub>with direct read-out using the electron beam induced current at a p-n junction (1967)

A method is briefly described for direct read-out of information written in SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> films by a finely focused scanning electron beam. The technique utilizes the electron beam induced current collected at a p-n junction. Preliminary results are presented and discussed.
Interaction of Bentazon and Imazethapyr Applied Postemergence to Nutsedge (<i>Cyperus</i> spp.) (1995)

Abstract Field and greenhouse experiments evaluated purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundas L.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus L.) control with mixtures of bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and imazethapyr {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} applied postemergence. Mixtures of the sodium salt of bentazon at 0.6 or 1.1 kg ae/ha and the ammonium salt of imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ae/ha were antagonistic on purple nutsedge in field and greenhouse experiments. Mixtures of bentazon at 0.6 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g/ha were additive on yellow nutsedge in field experiments but antagonistic in greenhouse experiments. Mixtures of bentazon at 1.1 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g/ha were antagonistic on yellow nutsedge in field and greenhouse experiments.
Coinoculation of Borrelia spp. with Tick Salivary Gland Lysate Enhances Spirochete Load in Mice and Is Tick Species–Specific (2002)

C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with 10(6) spirochetes, either Borrelia burgdorferi strain N40 or the Portuguese strain of B. lusitaniae, PotiB2. Mice receiving spirochetes coinoculated with salivary gland lysate (SGL) demonstrated significantly higher spirochete loads in target organs as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This effect was tick dependent, in that Ixodes ricinus SGL specifically enhanced B. lusitaniae load, whereas I. scapularis SGL specifically increased B. burgdorferi N40 load, but did not significantly affect the dissemination of B. lusitaniae. Protein profile analysis indicated at least 5 major protein differences between I. scapularis and I. ricinus SGL, which can possibly account for this specific tick-spirochete interaction.
Characterization and Activity of Unsupported Ni-Mo Sulfide Catalysts in HDN/HDS Reactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and Activity of Unsupported Ni-Mo Sulfide Catalysts in HDN/HDS ReactionsUmit S. Ozkan, Liping Zhang, Shuangyao Ni, and Edgar MoctezumaCite this: Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 4, 830–838Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00046a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00046a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pricing and Liquidity in the US Corporate Bond Market (2014)

I show, both theoretically and empirically, that if dealers are risk averse, then transaction prices, liquidity provision, and dealers’ inventory positions depend on their inventory holding costs in overthe-counter, search markets. I solve a dynamic equilibrium model, which can rationalize the following aggregate stylized facts in the US corporate bond market: (i) a reduction in dealers’ inventories in the nancial
Oxidant-induced disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier function: role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation (1997)

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on intestinal epithelial barrier function was examined in Caco-2 and T84 cell monolayers. H2O2 reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of Caco-2 and T84 cell monolayers. This decrease in TER was associated with a decrease in dilution potential and an increase in [3H]mannitol permeability, suggesting an H2O2-induced disruption of the paracellular junctional complexes. H2O2 administration also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins (at the molecular mass ranges of 50-90, 100-130, and 150-180 kDa) in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Phenylarsine oxide and sodium orthovanadate, inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase, decreased TER and increased mannitol permeability and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP). A low concentration of sodium orthovanadate also potentiated the effect of H2O2 on TER, dilution potential, mannitol permeability, and PTP. Pretreatment with genistein (30-300 microM) and tyrphostin (100 microM) inhibited the effect of H2O2 on TER, dilution potential, mannitol permeability, and PTP. These studies show that H2O2 increases the epithelial permeability by disrupting paracellular junctional complexes, most likely by a PTP-dependent mechanism.
Spoken Digit Recognition Using Time-Frequency Pattern Matching (1960)

A study of the machine recognition of the spoken digits zero through nine has been carried out by a digital computer simulation. The spoken utterances were converted to time-frequency patterns of spectral energy. Recognition was done by cross correlating the pattern of an unknown utterance with a test pattern for each digit and selecting the digit having the highest correlation. Time normalization could be applied to all patterns, thus reducing utterances to a standard duration. Six male and one female speakers provided 38 samples of each of the 10 digits. Pauses were made between successive words for segmentation. No errors were observed recognizing a single speaker using test patterns from his own speech with time normalization. A group of five male speakers and test patterns averaged over the group produced 6% errors with time normalization and 12% without. A 25% rate occurred for the woman matched against male patterns. The study indicates both the effectiveness and limitations of this simple recognition procedure for limited vocabulary and limited number of speakers. Time normalization improves performance in all cases.
Immortal ALT+ Human Cells Do Not Require Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase for Malignant Transformation (2005)

Many human cancer cells lack telomerase activity but nevertheless maintain telomeres via a process termed "alternative lengthening of telomeres" (ALT). Despite being immortal and having a telomere maintenance mechanism, ALT+ human fibroblasts require telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) for tumor formation in immunodeficient mice when tested by s.c. injection. Here we show that three ALT+ human SV40-immortalized fibroblast cell lines require only oncogenic RasV12G to be converted to a fully tumorigenic state. When cells were implanted beneath the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice, they invaded the kidney and neighboring organs and metastasized to the lungs. Ras(V12G)-expressing ALT+ cells remained completely telomerase negative. Introduction of hTERT conferred strong telomerase activity but did not appreciably change the malignant properties of the cells. However, when cells were tested by s.c. injection, RasV12G-transduced ALT+ cells did not form tumors, and in this site, hTERT was required for tumorigenicity. These data show that when the s.c. injection method is used as an assay for tumorigenicity, hTERT may be artifactually scored as an oncogene; the subrenal capsule assay shows that ALT, as a telomere maintenance mechanism, is equivalent to hTERT in neoplastic transformation of human cells by oncogenes.
[The role of SPARC gene in tumorigenic capacity of human melanoma cells]. (1996)

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that human melanoma cell lines and tumors expressed high levels of the extracellular protein SPARC. In order to demonstrate its role in human melanoma progression, IIB-MEL-LES human melanoma cells were transfected with SPARC full length c-DNA in the antisense orientation. In vivo studies demonstrated that all the control mice injected with parental cells developed tumors, while none of the mice injected with cells obtained from three different clones with diminished levels of SPARC expression, developed tumors. These studies suggest that SPARC may play a key role in human melanoma progression.
A 350 W, 790 to 960 MHz wideband LDMOS doherty amplifier using a modified combining scheme (2014)

A modified Doherty combining scheme is proposed that eases the impedance matching requirement and enables excellent AM/AM, AM/PM, and wide bandwidth in practical designs. A 350 W, 790 to 960 MHz symmetrical LDMOS Doherty amplifier measured 20 to 21 dB gain as well as peak and back-off efficiencies of 56% to 61% and 48% to 50% respectively across the band. The amplifier achieved excellent linearization results when driven with wideband 20 and 50 MHz WCDMA signals and a 35 MHz GMSK signal.
Studies on Marine Chemicals, Part VI. A New Clionasterol Derivative from the Marine Sponge Spirastrella inconstans (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Marine Chemicals, Part VI. A New Clionasterol Derivative from the Marine Sponge Spirastrella inconstansB. Das, S. Padma Rao, and K. V. N. S. SrinivasCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 12, 2210–2211Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50102a032https://doi.org/10.1021/np50102a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts