gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antispasmodics. I. Substituted Acetic Acid Esters of 1-Alkyl-3-hydroxypiperidine<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntispasmodics. I. Substituted Acetic Acid Esters of 1-Alkyl-3-hydroxypiperidine1John H. Biel, Harris L. Friedman, Helen A. Leiser, and Edwin P. SprengelerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6, 1485–1488Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01126a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01126a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combination of lamin immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization for the analysis of chromosome copy numbers in tumor cell areas with high nuclear density (1996)

We describe the application of lamin immunocytochemistry (ICC) and single- or double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on 4 microm thick frozen tissue sections as a method to facilitate scoring of aberrant chromosome copy numbers in colonic tumors. Analysis of FISH signals in colon tissue sections is often hampered by overlap and truncation of epithelial nuclei, due to the density of the epithelial cells. Furthermore, on the basis of nuclear staining it is often difficult to determine whether or not nuclei are overlapping, or adjoining. Therefore, reliable evaluation of (F)ISH signals to screen for genomic changes was until now mainly restricted to isolated nuclei obtained from relatively thick tissue sections. In this study the applicability of lamin ICC, to stain the nuclear periphery and to distinguish individual nuclei, combined with the FISH procedure is explored to solve this problem for colon epithelium. For ICC we applied the alkaline phosphatase (APase)-Fast Red detection method, since the fluorescent precipitate of this reaction resists extensive proteolytic digestion as needed for efficient FISH on tissue sections. Chromosome copy numbers could easily be determined in 4 microm thick frozen tissue sections by combining lamin ICC and FISH. The ratio of the copy numbers of the chromosomes 7 and 17 could be determined in frozen tissue sections after combined lamin ICC and double-target FISH. It is concluded that the combination of lamin ICC and FISH improves chromosome copy number analysis and can be used to investigate genomic changes in different tumor compartments in thin frozen tissue sections.
Combination of Amino Acids Reduces Pigmentation in B16F0 Melanoma Cells (2007)

Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, play significant roles in numerous physiological events in mammals. As the effects of amino acids on melanogenesis have yet to be demonstrated, the present study was conducted to identify whether amino acids, in particular alanine, glycine, isoleucine and leucine, influence melanogenesis in B16F0 melanoma cells. Glycine and L-isoleucine, but not D-isoleucine, reduced melanogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner without any morphological changes in B16F0 melanoma cells. L-Alanine and L-leucine, but not D-alanine and D-leucine, also reduced melanogenesis without any morphological changes in B16F0 melanoma cells. However these amino acids did not show a concentration-dependency. Combination of L-alanine and the other amino acids, particularly 4 amino acids combination, had an additive effect on the inhibition of melanogenesis compared with single treatment of L-alanine. None of the amino acids affected the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis. These results suggest that L-alanine, glycine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine, but not the D-form amino acids, have a hypopigmenting effect in B16F0 melanoma cells, and that these effects are not due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Combination of these 4 amino acids had the additive effect on hypopigmentation that was as similar as that of kojic acid.
Thermally induced stress and strain in YAG/sapphire single-crystal composites (2005)

The thermally induced stress of the order of 200 MPa and strain of the order of 2 x 10<sup>-4</sup> in adhesive free bonded (AFB) YAG/sapphire single crystal composites have been determined as functions of crystallographic orientation by stress birefringence measurements using a polariscope and by surface figure measurements using a phase shift Fizeau interferometer, respectively. The deformation of YAG or sapphire end faces of the composite samples into anticlastic surfaces is likely due to thermally induced relative biaxial strain between the YAG and sapphire components during heat-treatment. We have found that the YAG/sapphire composites stay stress- and strain-free when they are heat-treated below a critical temperature. The thermally induced stress and strain increase exponentially with respect to the heat-treat temperature that is above a critical temperature. The magnitudes of thermally induced stress and strain in the heat-treated composite samples allow an estimate of the thermal stress resistance of YAG/sapphire composites. Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory has supported this work under Phase II Contract F33615-03-C-5442.
Sandwich ELISA Microarrays: Generating Reliable and Reproducible Assays for High-Throughput Screens (2008)

SummaryThe sandwich ELISA microarray is a powerful screening tool in biomarker discovery and validation because of its ability to simultaneously probe for multiple proteins in a miniaturized assay. The technical challenges of generating and processing the arrays are numerous. However, careful attention to possible pitfalls in the development of one’s antibody microarray assay can overcome these challenges. In this chapter, we describe in detail the steps that are involved in generating a reliable and reproducible sandwich ELISA microarray assay.
Radioisotopes in medicine (1998)

Radioisotopes are extensively used in medicine for diagnosis, either in vivo or in vitro, for therapeutics and also for investigation purposes. Nuclear medicine (NM) studies in vivo are used to detect minimal amounts of radiopharmaceuticals in organs (the morphology) and their course over time (the function), resulting from physico-chemical interactions of the tracers within the body, in the sequence of specific physiological processes. In vitro applications of radioisotopes have become a most important tool in biochemical analysis. Therapeutic uses of radioisotopes cover from external gamma-ray sources in teleradiotherapy to direct cell irradiation in metabolic therapy.
Analysis of the instrumental line shape of high-resolution Fourier transform IR spectrometers with gas cell measurements and new retrieval software (1999)

The instrumental line shape (ILS) of two commercial high-resolution Fourier transform IR spectrometers has been analysed with gas cell measurements and a new ILS retrieval software LINEFIT. The instruments are used for atmospheric remote sounding, and the compatibility of the ILS deduced from laboratory gas cell measurements with the ILS in the atmospheric measurement itself is examined.
Survival of Acinetobacter baumannii on dry surfaces (1997)

Acinetobacter spp. have frequently been reported to be the causative agents of hospital outbreaks. The circumstances of some outbreaks demonstrated the long survival of Acinetobacter in a dry, inanimate environment. In laboratory experiments, we compared the abilities of five Acinetobacter baumannii strains, three Acinetobacter sp. strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), one Escherichia coli ATCC strain, and one Enterococcus faecium ATCC strain to survive under dry conditions. Bacterial solutions of the 10 strains were inoculated onto four different material samples (ceramic, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, and stainless steel) and stored under defined conditions. We investigated the bacterial counts of the material samples immediately after inoculation, after drying, and after 4 h, 1 day, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks of storage. A statistical model was used to distribute the 40 resulting curves among four types of survival curves. The type of survival curve was significantly associated with the bacterial strain but not with the material. The ability of the A. baumannii strains to survive under dry conditions varied greatly and correlated well with the source of the strain. Strains isolated from dry sources survived better than those isolated from wet sources. An outbreak strain that had caused hospital-acquired respiratory tract infections survived better than the strains from wet sources, but not as well as strains from dry sources. Resistance to dry conditions may promote the transmissibility of a strain, but it is not sufficient to make a strain an epidemic one. However, in the case of an outbreak, sources of Acinetobacter must be expected in the dry environment.
Heterodimerization of the epidermal-growth-factor (EGF) receptor and ErbB2 and the affinity of EGF binding are regulated by different mechanisms (2001)

When clathrin-dependent endocytosis is inhibited in HeLa cells by overexpression of a K44A (Lys44 → Ala) mutant of the GTPase dynamin, high-affinity binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor (EGFR) is disrupted [Ringerike, Stang, Johannessen, Sandnes, Levy and Madshus (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16639–16642]. We now report that the effect of [K44A]dynamin on EGF binding was counteracted by incubation with the non-specific kinase inhibitor staurosporine (SSP), implying that a protein kinase is responsible for disrupted high-affinity binding of EGF upon overexpression of [K44A]dynamin. The effect of [K44A]dynamin on EGF binding was not due to altered phosphorylation of the EGFR, suggesting that the activated kinase is responsible for phosphorylation of a substrate other than EGFR. The number of EGFR molecules was increased in cells overexpressing [K44A]dynamin, while the number of proto-oncoprotein ErbB2 molecules was unaltered. EGF-induced receptor dimerization was not influenced by overexpression of [K44A]dynamin. ErbB2–EGFR heterodimer formation was found to be ligand-independent, and the number of heterodimers was not altered by overexpression of [K44A]dynamin. Neither SSP nor the phorbol ester PMA, which disrupts high-affinity EGF–EGFR interaction, had any effect on the EGFR homo- or hetero-dimerization. Furthermore, the EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2 was not affected by overexpression of [K44A]dynamin, implying that EGFR–ErbB2 dimers were fully functional. Our results strongly suggest that high-affinity binding of EGF and EGFR–ErbB2 heterodimerization are regulated by different mechanisms.
Mach: a system software kernel (2003)

The Mach operating system can be used as a system software kernel which can support a variety of operating system environments. Key elements of the Mach design which allow it to efficiently support system software include integrated virtual memory management and interprocess communication, multiple threads of control within on address space, support for transparent system trap callout, and an object programming facility integrated with the Mach IPC mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of longitudinally pumped solid-state lasers exhibiting reabsorption losses (1988)

Many solid-state lasers of current interest exhibit reabsorption loss. Previous modeling calculations of laser performance with longitudinal pumping either have neglected reabsorption loss or have been valid only for certain special cases of the ratio of the pump- and laser-beam waists. Rigorous numerical modeling calculations have been carried out to provide a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of longitudinally pumped solid-state lasers, including reabsorption loss and for arbitrary sizes of the pump- and laser-beam waists. In addition, certain aspects of laser behavior that have traditionally not been discussed in papers on laser modeling, such as clamping, saturation, and spatial distribution of the population-inversion density, are investigated to provide a general understanding of laser performance. The results are applied to a particular solid-state laser of current practical interest, the 946-nm Nd:YAG laser.
Pathological laughter and crying: A link to the cerebellum (2001)

Patients with pathological laughter and crying (PLC) are subject to relatively uncontrollable episodes of laughter, crying or both. The episodes occur either without an apparent triggering stimulus or following a stimulus that would not have led the subject to laugh or cry prior to the onset of the condition. PLC is a disorder of emotional expression rather than a primary disturbance of feelings, and is thus distinct from mood disorders in which laughter and crying are associated with feelings of happiness or sadness. The traditional and currently accepted view is that PLC is due to the damage of pathways that arise in the motor areas of the cerebral cortex and descend to the brainstem to inhibit a putative centre for laughter and crying. In that view, the lesions 'disinhibit' or 'release' the laughter and crying centre. The neuroanatomical findings in a recently studied patient with PLC, along with new knowledge on the neurobiology of emotion and feeling, gave us an opportunity to revisit the traditional view and propose an alternative. Here we suggest that the critical PLC lesions occur in the cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathways and that, as a consequence, the cerebellar structures that automatically adjust the execution of laughter or crying to the cognitive and situational context of a potential stimulus, operate on the basis of incomplete information about that context, resulting in inadequate and even chaotic behaviour.
The Next Generation Inflow Control, the Next Step to Increase Oil Recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (2014)

Abstract One of the challenges on the Norwegian shelf is declining oil production and relatively low recovery rate. At current estimate, less than half of the oil will be remaining in the reservoir after shut down. A major challenge is to improve recovery from existing fields by developing and implementing new technologies that make mature and marginal fields more profitable. It's vital to develop technologies that can increase recovery before fields shut down. In most fields on the Norwegian continental shelf is the draining mechanism of pressure support from gas and / or water. This means that after a period of production, all wells will have gas and/or water breakthrough. As the breakthrough expands the production have to be limited due to excessive gas and/or water production. This means that production from the well have to be choked or stopped, even there is oil left along the wellbore. Inflow Control Device (ICD) and Autonomous Inflow Control Device (AICD) developed and installed by Hydro and Statoil have shown that the oil production and recovery can be increased significantly with better inflow control along the well. However, neither ICD nor AICD is able to shut off the unwanted gas and water production completely. The newly developed and patented Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) can shut off the unwanted fluid completely. This technology will probably be the next major step for increased oil recovery on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, in new and old wells. The new completion technology is presented and experimental test results with gas, oil and water are presented together with reservoir simulations that confirm that the AICV will give significantly increased recovery in field suffering from gas or water breakthrough.
Enhanced noble gas adsorption in Ag@MOF-74Ni (2013)

Various amounts of Ag nanoparticles were successfully deposited in porous MOF-74Ni (or Ni/DOBDC) by an auto-reduction method. An optimized silver-loaded MOF-74Ni was shown to have an improved Xe adsorption capacity (15% more) at STP compared to the MOF without silver nanoparticles. The silver-loaded sample also has a higher Xe/Kr selectivity. These results are explained by the stronger interactions between polarizable Xe molecules and the well-dispersed Ag nanoparticles.
High Pressure Transducer (1973)

A promising new line mechanoelectrical transducer based on the electret phenomenon is considered for use as a variational pressure sensor in the underwater environment. Theoretical design considerations are developed for these coaxial cable devices with regard to sensitivity, geometry, frequency, input electronics type, and ambient pressure. Test results are reported comparing samples of one type of cable transducer to a calibrated hydrophone under two different test setups, for a variety of ambient pressures, and using two different types of excitation. In these tests, the cable transducer is found to compare favorably with the standard hydrophone with respect to sensitivity and independence of ambient pressure up to 2500 psi.
Highly Dense Graphite Matrix: A New Material for the Conditioning of Radioactive Wastes (1983)

In continuation of 20 yr of experience with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor graphite fuel element fabrication (molded fuel spheres and monolithic block fuel elements), NUKEM introduced a new graphite-based material with an inorganic binder produced by molding. A mixture of nickel and sulfur is used as the inorganic binder for natural graphite powder. The fabrication is facilitated by the low temperature of 500°C in generating a chemically and thermally stable nickel sulfide. The newly developed material is suitable as a matrix for the fixation of high-active waste and as a corrosion-resistant layer of the steel supporting tube for final disposal of spent fuel elements.The material of natural graphite/nickel sulfide is distinguished by high density, high corrosion resistance, a low leaching rate, good thermal conductivity, an appropriate coefficient of thermal expansion, and high thermal stability due to the high melting point of nickel sulfide (790°C).Currently, a pilot plant for fabrication of containers for spent fuel elements is being erected. Additionally, development work is in progress to obtain basic design data for a high-level waste fixation facility.
Organic photonics: materials and devices strategy for computational and communication systems (2003)

It is pointed out that passive and electroactive organic optical materials open new possibilities for fabricating enhanced and novel photonic devices. Low deposition temperatures and benign chemistry permit multiple-layer structures and integration of the organic materials directly with semiconductor electronics. The electrooptical properties of the active organics are comparable to or larger than conventional semiconductor and crystalline ceramic materials, and allow replacement of these materials with the electrooptical organics. The fabrication and optical characteristics of optical organics make possible the formation of monolithic packages applicable to control of signals in computational and communication systems. Photonic multichip modules, hybrid optical/electronic nonlinear systems, and phased-array optics are technologies that can be realized more effectively with organic photonics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determining the feasibility of a method for improving bandwidth utilization of cable networks (2010)

While the cable television industry has made significant investments in infrastructure to improve the number and quality of services delivered to their end customers, they still face the problem of limited bandwidth of signals down "the last mile" of coaxial cable to the subscriber premises. This thesis investigates an approach devised by the author to overcome this limitation. The method involves clustering of channels in both the upstream and downstream directions in a DOCSIS compliant cable system. A model of this approach is made and the theoretical maximum throughput is calculated for several scenarios. Results are compared to performance of existing systems. It is found that proposed approach yields significantly more throughput for a given RF bandwidth than others in the comparison.
A compact holographic optical tweezers instrument (2012)

Holographic optical tweezers have found many applications including the construction of complex micron-scale 3D structures and the control of tools and probes for position, force, and viscosity measurement. We have developed a compact, stable, holographic optical tweezers instrument which can be easily transported and is compatible with a wide range of microscopy techniques, making it a valuable tool for collaborative research. The instrument measures approximately 30×30×35 cm and is designed around a custom inverted microscope, incorporating a fibre laser operating at 1070 nm. We designed the control software to be easily accessible for the non-specialist, and have further improved its ease of use with a multi-touch iPad interface. A high-speed camera allows multiple trapped objects to be tracked simultaneously. We demonstrate that the compact instrument is stable to 0.5 nm for a 10 s measurement time by plotting the Allan variance of the measured position of a trapped 2 μm silica bead. We also present a range of objects that have been successfully manipulated.
Structure Based Feature Extraction in Basketball Zone-Defense Strategies. (2010)

Abstract: This paper proposes a framework for structure-based feature extraction in basketball zonedefense strategies. Firstly, a graphical representation for key-frames extracted from zone-defense video clips is introduced, where each key-frame is expressed in terms of a zone-defense graph, representing the positions of defenders and the ball. Secondly, defense-lines are defined and extracted from zone-defense graphs for each zone-defense strategy, based on which, a 10dimentional feature vector with respect to the defense-lines is introduced to characterize the structure relationships. Experiments have been conducted for basketball zone-defense strategy detection on both simulated and real-life basketball zone-defense video database, which demonstrate the validation and practicability of such a structure based feature characterization, and, in particular, its robustness with respect to the disturbance of local transformation of subprime nodes in the graphs.