gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of Quantum-Size Effects at Room Temperature on Metal Surfaces With STM (1994)

Surface steps act as confining barriers for electrons in metal-surface states. Thus, narrow terraces and small single-atom-high metal islands act as low-dimensional, electron-confining structures. In sufficiently small structures, quantum-size effects are observable even at room temperature. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy is used to image the probability amplitude distributions and discrete spectra of the confined states. Examination of the electronic structure of the steps provides evidence for electron-density smoothing and the formation of step-edge states. Estimates of the electron-confining barriers are obtained.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols by an Enantioselective Isomerization/Transfer Hydrogenation Mechanism (2012)

Reducing hazards: A asymmetric transfer hydrogen reaction was developed to reduce prochiral allylic alcohols in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity (see example). Mechanistic studies indicate a novel enantioselective isomerization/transfer hydrogenation mechanism. This new reaction is much safer than high-pressure hydrogenation using H2 gas. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Syntheses and equilibrations of 6- and 7-carbomethoxy-trans-2-oxadecalins (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and equilibrations of 6- and 7-carbomethoxy-trans-2-oxadecalinsLuigi Anzalone and Jerry A. HirschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 15, 2607–2613Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00215a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00215a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1357Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and reaction of 1-(N,N-disubstituted amino)pyrazoles. (1976)

Some 1-(N, N-disubstituted amino) pyrazoles were synthesized by 1, 3-dipolar cyclo-addition of 3-(N, N-disubstituted amino) sydnones with acetylenes. Arylacetylenes gave 3-arylpyrazoles preferentially. The structures were determined by ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and further confirmed by catalytic hydrogenolysis and mass spectroscopy. Nitration and halogenation of 3-phenyl-1-aminopyrazoles occurred smoothly at C-4 first and at C-5 subsequently.
Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study (2020)

Summary Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly escalating epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Identification of a simple and effective indicator to assess disease severity and prognosis is urgently needed. Methods Dynamic changes of blood lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) in 15 death cases, 15 severe cases as well as 40 moderate cases of COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A Time-LYM% model (TLM) was established according to the descriptive studies and was validated in 92 hospitalized cases. Results Results from death and severe cases showed that LYM% in blood tests were inversely associated with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. LYM% in moderate type of patients with COVID-19 remained higher than 20% 10-12 days after symptom onset. In contrast, LYM% was lower than 20% in severe cases. However, LYM% in severe cases was higher than 5% 17-19 days after the onset of the disease, while it fell below 5% in death cases. Accordingly, we established a Time-LYM% model (TLM), which was validated as an independent criterion of disease classification in another 92 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Lymphopenia can be used as an indicator of disease severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. TLM is worth of application in the clinical practice.
Structure of the human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene (1992)

The super induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), has been implicated in the cytotoxic response of human solid tumors to the bis(ethyl)polyamines. The SSAT response is a phenotype specific response and is modulated at the level of increased steady-state mRNA levels and enzyme protein. The human genomic region (4,095 bases) containing the coding sequence of SSAT has been cloned and localized to the Xp22.1 region. Primer extension analysis indicates the transcription of SSAT starts 179 bases upstream from the translational start site and appears to be under the control of a "TATA-less" promoter. The availability of this human clone will facilitate the direct functional examination of the SSAT gene.
The effect of low frequency current ripple on the performance of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery energy storage system (2012)

In a typical single-phase battery energy storage system, the battery is subject to current ripple at twice the grid frequency. Adverse effects of such a ripple on the battery performance and lifetime would motivate modifications to the design of the converter interfacing the battery to the grid. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of such a current ripple on the temperature rise, cell voltage balancing, and roundtrip efficiency of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery. The test results indicate that the current ripple causes a slight but noticeable increase in the heat generated within the storage system; but the increase is not significant enough to justify any changes to the grid interface circuit.
Analysis of Differential Display RT-PCR Products Using Fluorescent Primers and GENESCAN <sup>TM</sup> Software (1997)

Differential display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR) is a procedure used to identify the induction or repression of gene expression. In most DDRT-PCR protocols, radioisotopes are incorporated during PCR and the cDNA products are detected by autoradiography. This report describes the fluorescent labeling of cDNAs and their detection on automated sequencers from PE Applied Biosystems. A fluorescent tag can be incorporated into the PCR product by using either a labeled primer or a labeled dUTP. The fluorescent signals are analyzed by GENESCAN software. Fluorescent DDRT-PCR increases throughput and obviates the handling of hazardous radioisotopes. A PCR cycling profile, expected to give improved reproducibility, is also described. Because amplified cDNAs can't be recovered from the automated sequencer gel, suggestions are given for the identification and recovery of differentially expressed cDNAs.
A fluoro-ethoxysilane-based stiction-free release process for submicron gap MEMS (2003)

Nowadays, stiction remains one of the biggest reliability problems in the fabrication of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), especially when a small gap is used. To avoid the adhesion, a Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) can be coated. Main research in that field focuses on aliphatic chloro-silanes. We developed a novel wet-release CMOS compatible process for the fabrication of surface-micromachined beam using a perfluorated SAM. Uniform 9 Å thick monolayers were observed. A static contact angle of 121° was measured. Furthermore, a complete 1 µm thick (gap 0.5 µm) polysilicon RF MEMS capacitor with aluminium interconnects realized with this process demonstrated the CMOS compatibility.
A new and sensitive method of screening for human papillomavirus infection (1990)

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been implicated in the development of cervical cancer, and HPV screening may one day supplement cytologic analysis of cervical samples. Detection of the small amounts of HPV DNA in cervical scrapes has been very difficult. The polymerase chain reaction is a new technique that can specifically amplify target DNA to facilitate its detection. We have amplified a region of HPV type 16 DNA using this technique and have shown the method to be both specific and sensitive (a tenfold improvement when compared with Southern blotting). Among 21 cervical scrapes, five from women with normal smears and 16 from women with dyskaryotic smears, HPV 16 DNA was present in scrapes from two women (40%) with normal smears and in scrapes from 12 women (75%) with dyskaryotic smears. The polymerase chain reaction technique is rapid, requires no radioactive probes, and should be the method of choice in future studies to determine the prevalence of HPV infection of the cervix.
Divine Hiddenness and Affective Forecasting (2014)

In this paper I argue that J. L. Schellenberg’s Divine Hiddenness Argument is committed to a problematic implication that is weakened by research in cognitive psychology on affective forecasting. Schellenberg’s notion of a nonresistant nonbeliever logically implies that for any such person, it is true that she would form the proper belief in God if provided with what he calls “probabilifying” evidence for God’s existence. In light of Schellenberg’s commitment to the importance of both affective and propositional belief components for entering into the proper relationship with God, this implication of his argument becomes an affective prediction or forecast. However, research in cognitive psychology has shown that in multiple and varied circumstances humans often make inaccurate predictions of their future affective states or reactions. Thus, this research provides strong empirical reasons to doubt that the implication is warranted.
Movement Activity Based Classification of Animal Behaviour with an Application to Data from Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) (2012)

We propose a new method, based on machine learning techniques, for the analysis of a combination of continuous data from dataloggers and a sampling of contemporaneous behaviour observations. This data combination provides an opportunity for biologists to study behaviour at a previously unknown level of detail and accuracy; however, continuously recorded data are of little use unless the resulting large volumes of raw data can be reliably translated into actual behaviour. We address this problem by applying a Support Vector Machine and a Hidden-Markov Model that allows us to classify an animal's behaviour using a small set of field observations to calibrate continuously recorded activity data. Such classified data can be applied quantitatively to the behaviour of animals over extended periods and at times during which observation is difficult or impossible. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method by applying it to data from six cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Cumulative activity data scores were recorded every five minutes by accelerometers embedded in GPS radio-collars for around one year on average. Direct behaviour sampling of each of the six cheetah were collected in the field for comparatively short periods. Using this approach we are able to classify each five minute activity score into a set of three key behaviour (feeding, mobile and stationary), creating a continuous behavioural sequence for the entire period for which the collars were deployed. Evaluation of our classifier with cross-validation shows the accuracy to be 83%-94%, but that the accuracy for individual classes is reduced with decreasing sample size of direct observations. We demonstrate how these processed data can be used to study behaviour identifying seasonal and gender differences in daily activity and feeding times. Results given here are unlike any that could be obtained using traditional approaches in both accuracy and detail.
The morphology of the haemopoietic cells of the yolk sac in mice with particular reference to nucleolar changes. (1985)

Nucleolar changes of haemopoietic cells during the development of the mouse yolk sac blood islands were qualitatively examined by light and electron microscopy. Haemopoiesis in the yolk sac begins at seven days of gestation and, after the formation of vitelline vessels, erythropoiesis appears to be active at ten days. At 7-8 days of gestation, angioblasts have large and reticulated nucleoli in connection with the nuclear envelope either through the invagination of the nuclear membrane, i.e. canals and tubular or lamellar structures, or directly. The nucleoli of the fixed primitive erythroblasts at 8-9 days are of compound type and invaginations of the nuclear membrane are rarely seen. In free erythroblasts, fibrillary areas become obscure. In matured erythroblasts, remnants of the nucleoli are present in the heterochromatin masses. Nucleolar changes in each stage are so characteristic that nucleolar structure can be useful in the recognition of the differentiation stages of yolk sac haemopoetic cells.
Polyetherimide-modified epoxy networks: Influence of cure conditions on morphology and mechanical properties (1997)

The morphologies and mechanical properties of thermoplastic-modified epoxy networks generated through the reaction-induced phase separation procedure were studied as a function of isothermal cure conditions. The selected model system was diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with 4,4′-methylenebis [3-chloro,2,6-diethylaniline] in the presence of a nonfunctionalized polyetherimide. Appropriate precuring and postcuring schedules were selected. The precure temperature had a strong effect on final morphologies because it affected the viscosity of the system at the cloud point and the extent of the separation process. The morphologies generated are discussed in connection with phase separation mechanisms. The ratio of the height of the loss peaks corresponding to each phase was an appropriate parameter to qualitatively predict the shape of morphology and to determine if the system was phase-inverted or not. The fracture toughness, KIc was significantly improved only when bicontinuous or inverted structures were generated, resulting from the plastic drawing of the thermoplastic-rich phase. Before phase inversion, KIc was hardly higher than that of the neat matrix due to poor interfacial adhesion. Nevertheless, the thermoplastic-rich particles constitute obstacles to the propagation of the crack and contribute to the toughening of the material, measured through impact resistance measurements. The observation of fracture surfaces revealed the occurrence of microcracking and crack-pinning. Strain recovery experiments showed that particle-induced shear yielding of the matrix was present as well. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2433–2445, 1997
Human myosin-Vc is a novel class V myosin expressed in epithelial cells (2002)

Class V myosins are one of the most ancient and widely distributed groups of the myosin superfamily and are hypothesized to function as motors for actin-dependent organelle transport. We report the discovery and initial characterization of a novel member of this family, human myosin-Vc (Myo5c). The Myo5c protein sequence shares approximately 50% overall identity with the two other class V myosins in vertebrates, myosin-Va (Myo5a) and myosin-Vb (Myo5b). Systematic analysis of the mRNA and protein distribution of these myosins indicates that Myo5a is most abundant in brain, whereas Myo5b and Myo5c are expressed chiefly in non-neuronal tissues. Myo5c is particularly abundant in epithelial and glandular tissues including pancreas, prostate, mammary, stomach, colon and lung. Immunolocalization in colon and exocrine pancreas indicates that Myo5c is expressed chiefly in epithelial cells. A dominant negative approach using a GFP-Myo5c tail construct in HeLa cells reveals that the Myo5c tail selectively colocalizes with and perturbs a membrane compartment containing the transferrin receptor and rab8. Transferrin also accumulates in this compartment, suggesting that Myo5c is involved in transferrin trafficking. As a class V myosin of epithelial cells, Myo5c is likely to power actin-based membrane trafficking in many physiologically crucial tissues of the human body.
Antidiabetic Effects of an Oral Administration of Lactobacillus casei in a Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) Model using KK-Ay Mice. (1997)

The antidiabetic effects of Lactobacillus casei (LC) on a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) model, KK-Ay mice, were investigated. The oral administration of LC to male 4-week-old KK-Ay mice, or raising the mice on a 0.05% LC-containing diet significantly decreased the plasma glucose at 8 to 10 weeks of age compared with the control group. The body weights of the LC-treated groups were lower than those of the control group, although the food intake was nearly the same in all groups. Phenotypic analysis of spleen cell surface markers revealed that the increase in CD4+ T cells at 12 weeks was significantly inhibited by the oral treatment with LC. Cytokine production, especially that of interferon-gamma and interleukin 2, was also inhibited in the oral LC-treated group. The plasma insulin levels of the LC-treated groups were also lower than those of the control group, and the insulin binding potential of red blood cells in the LC-treated mice was augmented more than that in the control group. Taken together, these findings led us to conclude that the oral administration of LC in the NIDDM model mice, KK-Ay, was involved in the decrease in the plasma glucose level and modified the host immune responses.
Practical Applications of Geopolymers (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hydrothermal Corrosion-Resistant Materials Fire-Resistant Coatings for Aircraft Geopolymers as Fire-Resistant Coatings for Modular Housing Conclusions Acknowledgements
Analyzing Human Body 3-D Motion of Golf Swing From Single-Camera Video Sequences (2006)

We present an algorithm for analyzing the human body 3-D motion of golf swing from single-camera video sequences. As the first step, the human body used for the analysis is automatically extracted using a video object segmentation technique. Once human body is extracted, this two-dimensional information is utilized to obtain a three-dimensional body model consisting of head, upper arms, lower arms, body trunk, upper legs, lower legs and feet using an iterative 3-D fitting algorithm and Dynamic Bayesian Networks. The ultimate objective of the system is to obtain the 3-D motion information for golf swinging and comparing this information for different players regardless of the great variability caused by different camera viewing perspectives. 3-D body motion during the golf swing is computed for all segments of the body. This system will allow the spatial-temporal relationship of each body segment, as they make their transition, be thoroughly studied, and enable the parameters for different players to be compared, as well.
<i>Xenopus VegT</i> RNA is localized to the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning (1996)

An RNA localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes encodes a novel T-box protein (VegT) capable of inducing either dorsal or posterior ventral mesoderm at different times in development. VegT is a nuclear protein and its C-terminal domain can activate transcription in a yeast reporter assay, observations consistent with VegT functioning as a transcription factor. Zygotic expression is dynamic along the dorsoventral axis, with transcripts first expressed in the dorsal marginal zone. By the end of gastrulation, VegT is expressed exclusively in posterior ventral and lateral mesoderm and is excluded from the notochord. Later expression is confined to a subset of Rohon-Beard cells, a type of primary sensory neuron. In animal cap assays, VegT is capable of converting prospective ectoderm into ventral lateral mesoderm. Such ectopic expression of VegT induces its own expression as well as that of Xwnt-8 in caps, suggesting that a Wnt pathway may be involved. Mis-expression of VegT in dorsal animal blastomeres fated to contribute to brain suppresses head formation. Our results suggest that VegT is a localized transcription factor, which operates sequentially in several developmental pathways during embryogenesis, including dorsoventral and posterior patterning of mesoderm.
A Novel Low-Density, High-Hardness, High-entropy Alloy with Close-packed Single-phase Nanocrystalline Structures (2014)

A low-density, nanocrystalline high-entropy alloy, Al20Li20Mg10Sc20Ti30 was produced by mechanical alloying. It formed a single-phase fcc structure during ball milling and transformed to single-phase hcp upon annealing. The alloy has an estimated strength-to-weight ratio that is significantly higher than other nanocrystalline alloys and is comparable to ceramics. High hardness is retained after annealing.
KiWi (2017)

Modern big data processing platforms employ huge in-memory key-value (KV) maps. Their applications simultaneously drive high-rate data ingestion and large-scale analytics. These two scenarios expect KV-map implementations that scale well with both real-time updates and large atomic scans triggered by range queries. We present KiWi, the first atomic KV-map to efficiently support simultaneous large scans and real-time access. The key to achieving this is treating scans as first class citizens,and organizing the data structure around them. KiWi provides wait-free scans, whereas its put operations are lightweight and lock-free. It optimizes memory management jointly with data structure access.We implement KiWi and compare it to state-of-the-art solutions. Compared to other KV-maps providing atomic scans, KiWi performs either long scans or concurrent puts an order of magnitude faster. Its scans are twice as fast as non-atomic ones implemented via iterators in the Java skiplist.