gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image coding using vector quantization in the wavelet transform domain (2002)

A two-step scheme for image compression that takes into account psychovisual features in space and frequency domains is proposed. A wavelet transform is first used in order to obtain a set of orthonormal subclasses of images; the original image is decomposed at different scales using a pyramidal algorithm architecture. The decomposition is along the vertical and horizontal directions and maintains the number of pixels required to describe the image at a constant. Second, according to Shannon's rate-distortion theory, the wavelet coefficients are vector quantized using a multiresolution codebook. To encode the wavelet coefficients, a noise-shaping bit-allocation procedure which assumes that details at high resolution are less visible to the human eye is proposed. In order to allow the receiver to recognize a picture as quickly as possible at minimum cost, a progressive transmission scheme is presented. The wavelet transform is particularly well adapted to progressive transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long Shape Memory Alloy Tendon-based Soft Robotic Actuators and Implementation as a Soft Gripper (2019)

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire-based soft actuators have had their performance limited by the small stroke of the SMA wire embedded within the polymeric matrix. This intrinsically links the bending angle and bending force in a way that made SMA-based soft grippers have relatively poor performance versus other types of soft actuators. In this work, the use of free-sliding SMA wires as tendons for soft actuation is presented that enables large increases in the bending angle and bending force of the actuator by decoupling the length of the matrix and the length of the SMA wires while also allowing for the compact packaging of the driving SMA wires. Bending angles of 400° and tip forces of 0.89 N were achieved by the actuators in this work using a tendon length up to 350 mm. The tendons were integrated as a compact module using bearings that enables the actuator to easily be implemented in various soft gripper configurations. Three fingers were used either in an antagonistic configuration or in a triangular configuration and the gripper was shown to be capable of gripping a wide range of objects weighing up to 1.5 kg and was easily installed on a robotic arm. The maximum pulling force of the gripper was measured to be 30 N.
Chemically Modified Plastic Tube for High Volume Removal and Collection of Circulating Tumor Cells (2015)

In this preliminary effort, we use a commercially available and chemically modified tube to selectively capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood stream by immobilizing human anti-EpCAM antibodies on the tube's interior surface. We describe the requisite and critical steps required to modify a tube into a cancer cell-capturing device. Using these simple modifications, we were able to capture or entrap about 85% of cancer cells from suspension and 44% of cancer cells from spiked whole blood. We also found that the percentage of cells captured was dependent on the tube's length and also the number of cancer cells present. It is our strong belief that with the utilization of appropriate tube lengths and procedures, we can ensure capture and removal of nearly the entire CTC population in whole blood. Importantly after a patient's entire blood volume has circulated through the tube, the tube can then be trypsinized to release the captured live CTCs for further analysis and testing.
Traveling-wave photodetector for 1.55 μm wavelength fabricated with unitraveling-carrier photodiodes (2001)

We report on a periodic traveling-wave photodetector (P-TW-PD) fabricated by unicarrier traveling photodiodes (UTC-PDs). It is comprised of three UTC-PDs periodically arranged along a coplanar waveguide transmission line. The photoresponse of the P-TW-UTC-PD is three times that of a single UTC-PD. A 3 dB bandwidth (f3dB) of 115 GHz at 1.55 μm was observed in a P-TW-UTC-PD with a terminal resistor located at the input end. This value of f3dB is almost the same as that observed in a single UTC-PD. In P-TW-UTC-PDs with no terminal resistor, the 3 dB bandwidth degrades to 56 GHz as a result of the reflection of backward-propagating microwaves at the input end. We conclude that our P-TW-UTC-PD provides velocity matching between electrical and optical waves.
Cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.): female fertility of restored rapeseed with "Ogura" and cybrids cytoplasms (1988)

The study of Brassica napus L. plants carrying restorer genes introgressed from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) showed that these genes ensured restoration of male fertility in rapeseed for all the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm studied, i.e., "Ogura"-type cytoplasm and that of four cybrids obtained by protoplast fusion. Plants with high levels of restored male fertility were obtained. However, the introduction of restorer genes was accompanied by a large decrease in seed set. Observations of embryo sacs inside the ovules and correlation between number of seeds per pod and percentage of octonucleate embryo sacs indicated that low seed set could be attributed to a high rate of embryo sac abortion, mainly at the uninucleate stage. Introduction of too much radish genetic information was assumed to be the cause of this low female fertility. Female fertility must be improved before the restored material can be used for F 1 hybrid rapeseed production.Key words: Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, cytoplasmic male sterility, restorer, cybrid, female fertility, embryo sac.
The Drilling Porosity Log "DPL" (1970)

Abstract The Drilling Porosity Log (DPL) is a formation porosity log derived from a mathematical treatment of detailed drilling information. The basic concept of the DPL is that the porosity of a particular rock effects the way that rock is drilled in a definable manner. Comparison of the DPL and logs from standard wire line porosity tools from several areas are presented and discussed. A generalized, non-mathematical explanation of the derivation of the log is presented. Introduction For many years, penetration rate has been used for correlations, drilling breaks etc. It was assumed that variations in rate of penetration represented formation properties. However, many false properties. However, many false interpretations resulted when the rate of penetration change was a reflection of some penetration change was a reflection of some human or mechanical change in the drilling operation rather than the result of a formation response. To overcome this difficulty efficient drilling operations were sacrificed to control constant as many of the variables of the drilling operation as possible, thereby avoiding false interpretations of the rate of penetration curve or the expense of a correlation log run. Such efforts not only sacrificed drilling efficiency, they were also impractical in most cases. For example a sufficiently motivated operator might maintain constant weight on bit and maintain a constant rotary speed but he would be hard pressed to control the bit tooth dulling or changes in formation pressure, both of which can dramatically pressure, both of which can dramatically effect the deflection of the ROP curve.
Gas-Phase Ion Chromatography: Transition Metal State Selection and Carbon Cluster Formation (1993)

Gas-phase ion chromatography can separate ions that have the same mass but differ in isomeric structure or electronic configuration. The main features of this technique are briefly outlined, and applications to a series of problems in transition metal chemistry and carbon cluster chemistry are described. Examples in transition metal chemistry include state-selective reactivity, excited state deactivation, and state-selective ligand binding energies. For clusters, ion chromatography was used to determine the structure of pure carbon cluster ions as a function of size from C(4) to C(84). The results indicate that carbon grows first in linear chains, transforms to monocyclic planar rings at about C(10), and forms new families of planar bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic rings at C(20), C(30), and C(40), respectively. Fullerenes, which mysteriously appear at C(30) and dominate by C(50), are generated by heating the planar ring systems above an isomerization barrier rather than by growth of graphite precursors.
THE COMBINATION OF FATTY ACIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH SERUM ALBUMIN (1946)

In a recent publication (1) dat,a were presented which showed that lower fatty acid salts markedly retard the heat coagulation of concentrated serum albumin solutions, and a simple "cloud point" method for evaluation of t.he relative stabilization produced by different substances was described.These experiments have been extended to include studies of the thermal stability, as measured by nephelomctric, viscometric, and cloud point methods, at different concentrations of stabilizers and albumin, and in the presence of a number of related compounds.The results and conclusions from these later studies arc reported herein.
Phagocytosis of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is mediated by human monocyte complement receptors and complement component C3. (1990)

We have examined the receptor-ligand interactions and the method of phagocytosis of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes. mAb against complement receptors (CR) inhibit adherence and phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis in fresh nonimmune serum. A mAb against the type 1 CR (CR1) inhibits adherence of M. tuberculosis by 40 +/- 5%, and three different mAb against the type 3 CR (CR3) each inhibit adherence by 39 +/- 5% to 47 +/- 4%. A mAb against CR1 used in combination with one of the three mAb against CR3 inhibits adherence by up to 64 +/- 7%. Most strikingly, two mAb used in combination against CR3 inhibit adherence by up to 81 +/- 2%. mAb against other monocyte surface Ag do not significantly influence adherence. In like fashion, mAb against CR but not other monocyte surface Ag inhibit adherence of preopsonized M. tuberculosis in the presence of heat-inactivated serum. By electron microscopy, monocytes ingest all M. tuberculosis that adhere in the presence of nonimmune serum; mAb against CR3 markedly inhibit ingestion. In contrast to CR, the FcR and the beta-glucan-inhibitable receptor for zymosan play little or no role in mediating M. tuberculosis adherence or ingestion. Adherence of M. tuberculosis is serum-dependent, requiring greater than or equal to 2.5% serum for optimal adherence. Heat inactivation of serum markedly reduces adherence of M. tuberculosis (75.5 +/- 7%) and preopsonization of bacteria enhances adherence by 2.9 +/- 0.4-fold. Adherence is also markedly reduced in C3- or factor B-depleted serum; repletion with C3 or factor B increases adherence by 2.1 +/- 0.4-fold and 1.86 +/- 0.05-fold, respectively. Fab anti-C3 IgG markedly inhibits monocyte adherence of preopsonized M. tuberculosis (71 +/- 1%). C component C3 is fixed to M. tuberculosis by the alternative C pathway as determined by a whole bacterial cell ELISA. Human monocytes ingest M. tuberculosis by conventional phagocytosis as viewed by electron microscopy. This study demonstrates that human monocyte CR1 and CR3 mediate phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis and C component C3 in serum is acting as the major bacterium-bound ligand.
Methods in Nucleic Acids Research (1990)

PREPARATIVE METHODS. Purification of Chromosomal DNA for Library Construction. The Chemical Synthesis and Some Uses of Oligonucleotides in Biological Research. In Vitro Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Antibodies Against Oligopeptides: Preparation and Assay. Polymerase Chain Reaction to Amplify DNA from Phage Plaques. DNA AND GENOMIC ANALYSIS (ELECTROPHORETIC METHODS). Protocols for Manual Dideoxy DNA Sequencing. Pulsed Field Electrophoreses: Procedures, Problems, and Practicalities. Mapping the Human Genome. Fragment Length Polymorphisms for Forensic Science Applications. PROTEIN-NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTIONS. Gel Retardation Assays for Nucleic Acid-Binding Proteins. DNA Footprinting Techniques: Applications to Eukaryotic Nuclear Proteins. RNA Footprinting. GENE EXPRESSION. Plasmid Cloning Vectors for the Overproduction of Proteins in Escherichia coli. Transfection of Cultured Mammalian Cells by Mammalian Expression Vectors. Immunoscreening of cDNA Expression Libraries. In Vitro Transcri ption Assays for Eukaryotic Gene Expression. Measuring Eukaryotic Gene Expression In Vitro: Translation Assays. Detection of Specific RNA Sequences in Tissue Sections by In Situ Hybridization. Appendix: Sources of Reagents and Supplies for Dideoxy DNA Sequencing and Other Applications.
Rapid Acquisition of Tissue-specific Homing Phenotypes by CD4<b>+</b> T Cells Activated in Cutaneous or Mucosal Lymphoid Tissues (2002)

Effector and memory T cells can be subdivided based on their ability to traffic through peripheral tissues such as inflamed skin and intestinal lamina propria, a property controlled by expression of 'tissue-specific' adhesion and chemoattractant receptors. However, little is known about the development of these selectively homing T cell subsets, and it is unclear whether activation in cutaneous versus intestinal lymphoid organs directly results in effector/memory T cells that differentially express adhesion and chemoattractant receptors targeting them to the corresponding nonlymphoid site. We define two murine CD4(+) effector/memory T cell subsets that preferentially localize in cutaneous or intestinal lymphoid organs by their reciprocal expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin ligand (P-lig) and alpha 4 beta 7, respectively. We show that within 2 d of systemic immunization CD4(+) T cells activated in cutaneous lymph nodes upregulate P-lig, and downregulate alpha 4 beta 7, while those responding to antigen in intestinal lymph nodes selectively express high levels of alpha 4 beta 7 and acquire responsiveness to the intestinal chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). Thus, during an immune response, local microenvironments within cutaneous and intestinal secondary lymphoid organs differentially direct T cell expression of these adhesion and chemoattractant receptors, targeting the resulting effector T cells to the inflamed skin or intestinal lamina propria.
Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications: Fabrication (2004)

Abstract Nanocomposite polymers have tremendous potential to enhance the performance of macromolecular materials used for composite matrices. Effective utilization of carbon nanotubes in composite applications depends strongly on the ability to homogeneously disperse them throughout the matrix without destroying their integrity. This work looks at the fabrication for montmorillonite, fullerenes and nanotubes polymer/nanocomposites tailored to fit aerospace needs. Further insight is also given on developments in nanofibers and nanotubes production for good load transfer on the composite systems.
Comparative Genomic Analysis Using the UCSC Genome Browser (2007)

Comparative analysis of DNA sequence from multiple species can provide insights into the function and evolutionary processes that shape genomes. The University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Bioinformatics group has developed several tools and methodologies in its study of comparative genomics, many of which have been incorporated into the UCSC Genome Browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu), an easy-to-use online tool for browsing genomic data and aligned annotation "tracks" in a single window. The comparative genomics annotations in the browser include pairwise alignments, which aid in the identification of orthologous regions between species, and conservation tracks that show measures of evolutionary conservation among sets of multiply aligned species, highlighting regions of the genome that may be functionally important. A related tool, the UCSC Table Browser, provides a simple interface for querying, analyzing, and downloading the data underlying the Genome Browser annotation tracks. Here, we describe a procedure for examining a genomic region of interest in the Genome Browser, analyzing characteristics of the region, filtering the data, and downloading data sets for further study.
Lactose inhibits the growth of Rhizobium meliloti cells that contain an actively expressed Escherichia coli lactose operon (1984)

Expression of the Escherichia coli lactose operon in Rhizobium meliloti 104A14 made the cells sensitive to the addition of the beta-galactosides lactose, phenyl-beta-D-galactoside, and lactobionic acid. Growth stopped when the beta-galactoside was added and viability decreased modestly during the next few hours, but little cell lysis was observed and the cells appeared normal. Protein synthesis was not inhibited. Growth was inhibited only when beta-galactosidase expression was greater than 160 U. Lactose-resistant mutants had defects in the plasmid-carried E. coli beta-galactosidase or beta-galactoside permease and in the R. meliloti genome. We speculate that uncontrolled production of galactose by the action of the lactose operon proteins was responsible for growth inhibition.
Application of 3D-Jury, GRDB, and Verify3D in fold recognition (2003)

In CASP5, the BioInfo.PL group has used the structure prediction Meta Server and the associated newly developed flexible meta-predictor, called 3D-Jury, as the main structure prediction tools. The most important feature of the meta-predictor is a high (86%) correlation between the reported confidence score and the quality of the selected model. The Gene Relational Database (GRDB) was used to confirm the fold recognition results by selecting distant homologues and subsequent structure prediction with the Meta Server. A fragment-splicing procedure was performed as a final processing step with large fragments extracted from selected models using model quality control provided by Verify3D. The comparison of submitted models with the native structure conducted after the CASP meeting showed that the GRDB-supported structure prediction led to a satisfactory template fold selection, whereas the fragment-splicing procedure must be improved in the future.
GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 Is Required for Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosylation and Prevention of Phytotoxicity in Tomato (2011)

Steroidal alkaloids (SAs) are triterpene-derived specialized metabolites found in members of the Solanaceae family that provide plants with a chemical barrier against a broad range of pathogens. Their biosynthesis involves the action of glycosyltransferases to form steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). To elucidate the metabolism of SGAs in the Solanaceae family, we examined the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 (GAME1) gene. Our findings imply that GAME1 is a galactosyltransferase, largely performing glycosylation of the aglycone tomatidine, resulting in SGA production in green tissues. Downregulation of GAME1 resulted in an almost 50% reduction in α-tomatine levels (the major SGA in tomato) and a large increase in its precursors (i.e., tomatidenol and tomatidine). Surprisingly, GAME1-silenced plants displayed growth retardation and severe morphological phenotypes that we suggest occur as a result of altered membrane sterol levels caused by the accumulation of the aglycone tomatidine. Together, these findings highlight the role of GAME1 in the glycosylation of SAs and in reducing the toxicity of SA metabolites to the plant cell.
<![CDATA[<b> Differences in the number of sensilla coeloconica and sensilla ampullacea of segment 10 of the antennae of Africanized and Caucasian bees and of their F<sub>1</sub> hybrids</b>]]> (1997)

Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociencias UNESP, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP
The benefit of 2% salicylic acid lotion in acne a placebo-controlled study (1996)

AbstractThis study demonstrated that twice daily application of 2% salicylic acid lotion impregnated into pads was significantly better than placebo in mild to moderate acne. Significant benefit from the active therapy was evident at 4, 8 and 12 weeks when total lesion counts were assessed. There was a significant benefit from the active therapy over placebo in noninflamed lesions at 8 and 12 weeks and inflamed lesions at 12 weeks. These results fit with the suggestion that salicylic acid has a primary affect on comedogenesis.Key Words: AcneSalicylic acid
Magnetostriction Oscillators (1929)

The present paper describes a newly discovered method of using magnetostriction to produce and control electrical and mechanical frequencies of oscillations in a range of frequencies extending from a few hundred cycles per second to more than three hundred thousand cycles per second. The method involves the interaction of the mechanical vibrations of a magnetostrictive rod and the electric oscillations of an electric circuit in such a way that the electric currents in the circuit stimulate the rod to longitudinal vibration by magnetostriction and the vibrations of the rod react by magnetostriction on the electric circuit to maintain constancy of frequency. The constancy of frequency obtained compares favorably with that obtained with the piezo-electric crystal oscillators. For ease of construction and operation the magnetostriction oscillator has a great advantage over the piezo-electric oscillator, particularly in that the construction and adjustment of the magnetostriction vibrators is so simple that large numbers of standards of frequencies all operable with the same electrical circuits may be had at small expense. The magnetostriction oscillators supply a particularly pressing need in the range of frequencies below twenty-five thousand cycles per second in which range crystal control is impractical on account of the expense of obtaining sufficiently large crystal vibrators. In the range between twenty-five thousand cycles per second and three hundred thousand cycles per second the magnetostriction oscillators and the crystal oscillators have a common field of usefulness.
Interactions of porphyrinyl‐nucleosides with DNA using the example of porphyrinyl‐thymidine (1996)

Abstract meso ‐Tri( N ‐memyl‐4‐pyridinium)porphyrinyl‐ p ‐phenylene‐5′‐ O ‐thymidine, interacting with plasmid ds DNA showed an 8 nm red‐shift of the Soret band. The observed Soret band shift was 4 run less than the shift of the respective meso ‐tetra( N ‐methyl‐4‐pyridinium)porphyrin, which is usually assumed to indicate intercalation. Experimental spectra and the MMX‐ and AM‐1 calculations of a series of model structures further suggest that the investigated porphyrinyl‐thymidine also interacts with adenine due to its nucleobase. The possibility of intercalation was also viewed based on interaction of immobilized porphyrin with ds DNA. Theoretical considerations suggested that there are no steric limitations to the formation of a system in which the porphyrinyl‐thymidine in question interacts with a molecule of porphyrinyl‐adenosine, via A‐T base pairing, to join two ds DNA molecules.