gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
25.4: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Beyond Flat Panels — Multi Layer Displays with Real Depth (2008)

Abstract A new concept in display technology that utilizes two or more displays in series has been developed and commercialized; applications are aimed at enhanced depth, that is 3D effects, expanded color, greatly increased contrast ratio, and high dynamic range. The principles of operation will be described for the various approaches to multi layer display and examples of first uses will be shown.
Sampling density for image analysis (1996)

We show that the convergence of measures for object size to their "true values" can be analyzed by looking at the pixels (or voxels) on the border of the object. This leads to results for a proper choice for the sampling density of the asymptotic form CV=/spl sigma//spl mu/=k/spl middot/Q/sup -(N+1/2)/ where Q is the sampling density (pixels per object "diameter") and N is the number of spatial dimensions.
Methods to Measure Membrane Potential and Permeability Transition in the Mitochondria During Apoptosis (2004)

Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) constitutes an early event of the apoptotic process. MMP affects both mitochondrial membranes. Inner MMP leads to the dissipation of the inner transmembrane potential and outer MMP culminates in the efflux of apoptogenic factors. The exact molecular mechanisms of MMP are still controversial. A growing body of data suggests that the cell death regulatory activity of Bcl-2 family members depends, at least in some instances, on their ability to modulate the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex. Here, we will detail some experimental protocols designed to measure mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability transition, either in intact cells or in isolated mitochondria.
Use of implantation in facial deformities (1977)

Abstract Augmentation of facial defects remains an area of challenge and controversy. Advocates of alloplastic implants cite the convenience of prepackaged materials, which they feel outweighs the possibility of rejection. Those favoring autografts prefer their long‐term predictability, but must contend with resorption and the disadvantages of obtaining the implantation material. The use of supramid mesh may combine the advantages of alloplasts with the long‐term predictability of autografts after fibrous ingrowth has occurred. Our experience over the past 4 years in 164 cases indicates that supramid mesh may represent a significant advance in augmentation of facial deformities.
Molecular Systematics of the Genus Zoogloea and Emendation of the Genus (1993)

Phylogenetic relationships among strains of Zoogloea and related taxa were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and genomic DNA hybridization techniques. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with a pair of eubacterial consensus primers and sequenced directly by using an automated fluorescent DNA sequencer. Sequence comparisons and distance matrix tree analysis revealed that Zoogloea ramigera IAM 12136 (= N. C. Dondero 106, type strain) and Zoogloea sp. ATCC 19324 formed a lineage with Rhodocyclus purpureus in the beta subclass of Proteobacteria. Z. ramigera IAM 12670 (= P. R. Dugan 115) was shown to belong to another cluster with Alcaligenes eutrophus and Pseudomonas cepacia in the beta subclass. In contrast, Z. ramigera IAM 12669 (= K. Crabtree I-16-M) proved to be a member of the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria, closely related to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Genomic DNA hybridization studies also showed that there is genetic diversity among the strains currently designated Z. ramigera, but typical Zoogloea strains, characterized by their production of rhodoquinones, are highly related to each other and can be regarded as a single species. On the basis of the molecular data, together with the early phenotypic and chemotaxonomic information, we have emended the generic description of Zoogloea.
Sensor Network Architectures for Monitoring Underwater Pipelines (2011)

This paper develops and compares different sensor network architecture designs that can be used for monitoring underwater pipeline infrastructures. These architectures are underwater wired sensor networks, underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks, RF (radio frequency) wireless sensor networks, integrated wired/acoustic wireless sensor networks, and integrated wired/RF wireless sensor networks. The paper also discusses the reliability challenges and enhancement approaches for these network architectures. The reliability evaluation, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages among these architectures are discussed and compared. Three reliability factors are used for the discussion and comparison: the network connectivity, the continuity of power supply for the network, and the physical network security. In addition, the paper also develops and evaluates a hierarchical sensor network framework for underwater pipeline monitoring.
A new impedance spectrometer for the investigation of electrochemical systems (1992)

The development of a computer-controlled electrochemical impedance spectrometer, based on a Fourier transform algorithm is described. Together with a fast potentiostat the system can be used in the frequency range 1 mHz to 100 kHz. The perturbation signal is a superposition of sine waves with properly chosen frequencies. The overall measurement time is limited only by the lowest frequency in the spectrum and by the data transfer to the computer, thus, time-resolved impedance spectra measurements can be performed. The principle of operation and technical details are presented and discussed.
Sequencing and Diversity Analyses Reveal Extensive Similarities between Some Epsilon-Toxin-Encoding Plasmids and the pCPF5603<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>Enterotoxin Plasmid (2008)

Clostridium perfringens type B and D isolates produce epsilon-toxin, the third most potent clostridial toxin. The epsilon-toxin gene (etx) is plasmid borne in type D isolates, but etx genetics have been poorly studied in type B isolates. This study reports the first sequencing of any etx plasmid, i.e., pCP8533etx, from type B strain NCTC8533. This etx plasmid is 64.7 kb, carries tcp conjugative transfer genes, and encodes additional potential virulence factors including beta2-toxin, sortase, and collagen adhesin but not beta-toxin. Interestingly, nearly 80% of pCP8533etx open reading frames (ORFs) are also present on pCPF5603, an enterotoxin-encoding plasmid from type A isolate F5603. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and overlapping PCR indicated that a pCP8533etx-like etx plasmid is also present in most, if not all, other type B isolates and some beta2-toxin-positive, cpe-negative type D isolates, while other type D isolates carry different etx plasmids. Sequences upstream of the etx gene vary between type B isolates and some type D isolates that do not carry a pCP8533etx-like etx plasmid. However, nearly all type B and D isolates have an etx locus with an upstream IS1151, and those etx loci typically reside near a dcm ORF. These results suggest that pCPF5603 and pCP8533etx evolved from insertion of mobile genetic elements carrying enterotoxin or etx genes, respectively, onto a common progenitor plasmid.
A Kunitz-type Protease Inhibitor, Bikunin, Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Invasion by Blocking the Calcium-dependent Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling Cascade (2003)

Bikunin is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, acting at the level of tumor invasion and metastasis. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of bikunin-dependent signal transduction involved in the expression of a plasminogen activator (PA) system and invasion. We report here the following. 1) The human ovarian cancer cell line HRA produced secreted and cell-associated urokinase-type PA (uPA) and PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). The plasma membrane of the cells showed enzymatically active uPA even in the presence of high level of PAI-1, as measured by zymography, Western blot, chromogenic assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Northern blot. 2) HRA cells leading to invasion are induced through up-regulation of uPA expression. 3) HRA cells specifically released transforming growth factor-beta type 1 (TGF-beta1) participating in an autocrine/paracrine regulation of cell invasion. 4) Elimination of endogenous TGF-beta1 could induce change in uPA/PAI-1 expression, which could in turn modify the invasive behavior of the cells. 5) The constitutive expression of TGF-beta1 as well as up-regulation of the PA system observed in HRA cells was inhibited by preinoculation of the cells with bikunin or calcium channel blocker SK&F 96365 but not with nifedipine or verapamil, with an IC(50) of approximately 100 nm for bikunin or approximately 30 microm for SK&F 96365, respectively, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bikunin showed no additive effect on SK&F 96365-mediated suppression of TGF-beta1 expression. 6) The ability of TGF-beta1 to elevate free intracellular Ca(2+), followed by activation of Src and ERK, was reduced by preincubation of the cells with bikunin. In conclusion, bikunin could inhibit the constitutive expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta1-mediated, Src- and ERK-dependent, PA system signaling cascade, at least in part, through inhibition of a non-voltage-sensitive calcium channel.
Anatomically-aided PET reconstruction using the kernel method (2016)

This paper extends the kernel method that was proposed previously for dynamic PET reconstruction, to incorporate anatomical side information into the PET reconstruction model. In contrast to existing methods that incorporate anatomical information using a penalized likelihood framework, the proposed method incorporates this information in the simpler maximum likelihood (ML) formulation and is amenable to ordered subsets. The new method also does not require any segmentation of the anatomical image to obtain edge information. We compare the kernel method with the Bowsher method for anatomically-aided PET image reconstruction through a simulated data set. Computer simulations demonstrate that the kernel method offers advantages over the Bowsher method in region of interest quantification. Additionally the kernel method is applied to a 3D patient data set. The kernel method results in reduced noise at a matched contrast level compared with the conventional ML expectation maximization algorithm.
Growth of thick AlN layer on sapphire (0001) substrate using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2005)

Growth of thick AlN layer was performed directly on sapphire (0001) substrate at 1100 ºC by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) using AlCl3 and NH3 as source gases. Growth rate over 10 µm/h was demonstrated by increasing input partial pressure of AlCl3. Also, it was found that the growth rate was sensitive to NH3 input partial pressure (P), and decreased rapidly with increase of P. Edge dislocation density estimated from full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curves was independent of the growth rate. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sorrento studies of diet and fecal flora in the newborn (1994)

The fecal flora of a breast-fed baby is very different from that of a bottle-fed baby. This paper reviews five previous studies, performed at this hospital concerning the effect of various dietary components (whey proteins, casein, lactoferrin, iron, nucleotides) on the fecal flora. The babies received either breast milk or one of the test formulas from birth. Fecal samples were examined by quantitative microbiological methods at 4 and 14 days and at various intervals thereafter. By 14 days differences in the fecal flora were established. Among breast-fed babies bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and staphylococci were predominant organisms, whereas in the formula-fed babies the predominant organisms were enterococci, coliforms, and Bacteroides. A whey-based formula without bovine lactoferrin, iron or nucleotides gave a flora a little closer to but still remote from the breast-fed one. Despite extensive modification of cow's milk in the manufacture of a modern infant formula, the fecal flora of bottle-fed babies remains substantially different from that of breast-fed babies.
High-frequency CMUT arrays with phase-steering for in vivo ultrasound imaging (2012)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have prospective clinical applications in ultrasound diagnostics and therapy. We have modeled, fabricated, and characterized CMUT arrays suitable for intravascular and gastrointestinal use. The elements of the CMUT arrays are connected from the back side of the array by through-silicon-vias (TSVs) with a pitch of 25 μm. In the reported work, the presence of TSVs does not reduce the fill factor of the array. Two different membrane designs were fabricated, resulting in a resonance frequency in air of 35.6 and 41.0 MHz, respectively. The measurements were in good agreement with the simulated performance. The realized devices are promising for the fabrication of a 3D-ready and bio-compatible device, suitable for in vivo ultrasound applications.
P40-S Isobaric Labeling for Comparative Glycomics (2007)

A novel strategy, based on the use of isobaric labeling, is introduced for quantitative glycomics. In this approach, glycans are permethylated with either (13)CH(3)I or (12)CH(2)DI. This pair of reagents has the same nominal mass but differ in their exact mass by 0.002922 Da per label. This mass difference is difficult to resolve with current mass spectrometers in cases where only a single label is attached to the analyte. However, glycans typically contain multiple hydroxyl groups, which increase the mass difference between the two samples. Since the number of hydroxyl groups increases with the mass of the glycan, the difference between these isobaric species also increases and thus the resolution needed is approximately 25,000 ΔM/M and is independent of the glycan’s size for typical N- and O-linked species. The advantages of this labeling strategy are numerous, and result primarily from the isobaric ions appearing at the same nominal mass-to-charge ratio. This characteristic leads to increased ion intensity as ions from both samples are not distributed between isotopic species having different m/z values. The small mass difference between these isobars allows the two species to be simultaneously selected for MS(n) analysis, permitting the relative quantitation of isomeric glycans. This procedure was successfully used to analyze N- and O-linked oligosaccharides released from a standard glycoprotein and from human serum. This strategy is directly applicable to oligosaccharides from other sources, such as glycolipds. The concept of isobaric labeling is expected to be applicable to other types of “omics” analyses with other derivatizing agents.
The structure of lithium garnets: cation disorder and clustering in a new family of fast Li<sup>+</sup>conductors (2005)

The structure of the fast lithium-ion conducting garnets Li5La3M2O12 (M = Ta, Nb) reveals Li+ on both tetrahedral and octahedral sites and suggests that the latter are responsible for the observed Li+ mobility via a clustering mechanism.
Heat and Mass Transfer in a Reforming Catalyst Bed (Analytical Prediction of Distributions in the Catalyst Bed). (2000)

Heat and mass transfer characteristics within a reforming catalyst bed have been analytically investigated. A numerical analysis was carried out in a two-dimensional steady-state model of reforming catalyst layer. Reforming tube was filled with catalyst and the tube wall was uniformly heated, a mixture of steam and methane was reformed through the catalyst bed. Predicted temperature, formed gas composition, methane conversion rate, and heat transfer coefficient distributions in the catalyst layer showed good agreement with experimental data. The effects of space velocity, steam carbon molar ratio, and wall temperature on the heat transfer coefficient were analytically presented. From temperature and composition distributions simulated by two-dimensional analysis, the effects of these factors above mentioned and diffusion on the transport phenomena were qualitatively predicted.
Solidification behavior and cracking susceptibility of pulsed-laser welds in austenitic stainless steels (1994)

The solidification cracking susceptibility of several commercial heats of Types 304L, 316L and 321Mo stainless steels was evaluated under pulsed-laser welding conditions. Both the Suutala weldability diagram and the WRC constitution diagram predicted that all the heats tested in this investigation would be resistant to weld solidification cracking based on the individual values of their Cr[sub eq]/Ni[sub eq] ratio. Under the rapid solidification conditions imposed by pulsed-laser welding, however, a number of these resistant heats were found to be extremely susceptible to weld solidification cracking. As a result, a modified weldability diagram is proposed for austenitic stainless steels welded under conditions producing rapid solidification. The variation from predicted cracking susceptibility resulted from a shift in solidification behavior under rapid solidification growth conditions. Alloys susceptible to cracking exhibited a primary austenite solidification mode with a fully austenitic microstructure. Crack-resistant alloys were also fully austenitic, but this microstructure resulted from a massive transformation to austenite following primary solidification as ferrite. Several alloys exhibited mixed solidification modes, resulting in variable cracking susceptibility. The solidification conditions under which this shift in the primary solidifying phase occurs is reviewed in the context of the current results and previous observations.
Metal-Catalyzed Epoxidations of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTMetal-Catalyzed Epoxidations of Alkenes with Hydrogen PeroxideBenjamin S. Lane and Kevin BurgessView Author Information Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 7, 2457–2474Publication Date (Web):May 17, 2003Publication History Received17 October 2002Published online17 May 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020471zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020471zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12048Altmetric-Citations1015LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Additives,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Organic reactions,Oxides Get e-Alerts
The voltage-sensing domain of a phosphatase gates the pore of a potassium channel (2013)

The modular architecture of voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels suggests that they resulted from the fusion of a voltage-sensing domain (VSD) to a pore module. Here, we show that the VSD of Ciona intestinalis phosphatase (Ci-VSP) fused to the viral channel Kcv creates Kv(Synth1), a functional voltage-gated, outwardly rectifying K(+) channel. Kv(Synth1) displays the summed features of its individual components: pore properties of Kcv (selectivity and filter gating) and voltage dependence of Ci-VSP (V(1/2) = +56 mV; z of ~1), including the depolarization-induced mode shift. The degree of outward rectification of the channel is critically dependent on the length of the linker more than on its amino acid composition. This highlights a mechanistic role of the linker in transmitting the movement of the sensor to the pore and shows that electromechanical coupling can occur without coevolution of the two domains.
Fluorine ion implantation into silicon dioxide to form stable low-k intermetal dielectric films (2003)

For 0.25 /spl mu/m and smaller ULSI technology, materials having a dielectric constant (k) of less than 3.0 are required. These low-k dielectric materials reduce the parasitic capacitance between adjacent metal lines that can give rise to cross-talk. F incorporation into SiO/sub 2/ films by PECVD processes results in weakly bonded F atoms which may evolve as a gas during subsequent thermal processing. This may produce defects in the SiO/sub 2/ which allow water to penetrate into the films, causing an increase in k and corrosion of metal lines. This paper describes an intermetal dielectric (IMD) structure formed by implantation of F ions into SiO/sub 2/. Fluorosilicate glass (FSG) films with k as low as 2.9 were formed by the implantation. Triple F implants (13, 33, and 54 keV) were made into 1500 A SiO/sub 2/ films which had k=4.0 and an index of refraction (n) of 1.46 before implantation. The doses were chosen, using TRIM software, to give F atomic concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4%. The k of the 1%, 2%, and 4% F films were 3.40, 3.15, and 2.90, respectively. The n of the 1%, 2%, and 4% F films were 1.41, 1.38, and 1.36, respectively. The films were thermally stable. For the 2% F films, the k and n data remained constant after 3 weeks in a clean room environment. The data also did not change when the films were subjected to a 450/spl deg/C, 2 hour thermal cycle. Implant conditions required to form a 6000 A thick, F-implanted SiO/sub 2/ IMD layer would consume too much implant processing time to be practical using existing high current implanter technology. Therefore, an IMD structure is proposed utilizing two 500 A implanted liners that sandwich a 5000 A thick PECVD FSG layer.
Ocular Surface Disease Index for the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Syndrome (2007)

The OSDI is a standardized instrument to evaluate symptoms, and can easily be performed and used to support the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.
Dentin Crown Surface of Human Adult Incisor Teeth (1968)

One hundred human incisor teeth were decalcified to examine the dentin crown surface, and to compare the dentin surface with the enamel surface. Differences between the two surface topographies reflected the developmental processes of the teeth or were related to the functional roles of the surfaces.
Historically Black and Predominantly White Higher Education Institutions: How do they compare? (1995)

Historically Black and Predominantly White Higher Education Institutions: How do they compare?
Recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical formulas in the E-chalk system (2005)

In this article, we present a system for the recognition ofon-line handwritten mathematical formulas which is usedin the electronic chalkboard (E-chalk), a multimedia systemfor distance-teaching. We discuss the classification of symbolsand the construction of the tree of spatial relationshipsamong them. The classification is based on support vectormachines and the construction of formulas is based onbaseline structure analysis.