gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occlusion, Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Activity, and Body Sway: A Pilot Study in Male Astronauts (2006)

The modifications induced by microgravity on the coordinated patterns of movement of the head, trunk, and limbs are reported on extensively. However, apparently there is little data on the masticatory muscles. In normal gravitational conditions, information from the neck and stomatognathic apparatus play a role in maintaining the body's balance and equilibrium. The current pilot study used normal gravity conditions to investigate the hypothesis of a functional coupling between occlusion and neck muscles and body postural oscillations. The immediate effect of modified occlusal surfaces on the contraction pattern of the sternocleidomastoid muscles during maximum voluntary clenching and on the oscillation of the center of foot pressure was analyzed in 11 male astronauts (aged 31-54 yrs). All subjects were healthy and free from pathologies of the neck and stomatognathic apparatus. Occlusal splints were prepared using impressions of their dental arches. The splints were modeled on the mandibular arch, had only posterior contacts, and were modified to obtain a more symmetric, standardized contraction of the masseter and temporalis muscles during teeth clenching. Surface EMG activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscles was recorded during a maximal voluntary clench with and without the splint. Sternocleidomastoid potentials were standardized as percent of the mean potentials recorded during a maximum contralateral rotation of the head, and the symmetry of the EMG waves of left- and right-side muscles was measured. Body sway was assessed with and without the splint, either with eyes open or closed. The variations of the center of foot pressure were analyzed through bivariate analysis, and the area of the 90% standard ellipse was computed. Within each visual condition (eyes open or closed), the difference between the areas of oscillation measured with and without the splint was computed. Muscular activity was more symmetric with the splint. The area of oscillation of the center of foot pressure was larger without the splint than with the splint, both with eyes open and eyes closed. The modifications, induced by the occlusal splint in the sternocleidomastoid muscles' symmetry, and center of foot pressure differential area with closed eyes, were significantly related (p < 0.05): the larger the increment in muscular symmetry, the smaller the area of oscillation with the splint as compared to without the splint. A functionally more symmetric maxillo-mandibular position resulted in a more symmetric sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction pattern and less body sway. Modifications in the contraction of the masticatory muscles may therefore affect the whole body.
A Procedure for Tracing Supply Chains for Perishable Food Based on Blockchain, Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic (2020)

One of the essential points of food manufacturing in the industry and shelf life of the products is to improve the food traceability system. In recent years, the food traceability mechanism has become one of the emerging blockchain applications in order to improve the anti-counterfeiting area’s quality. Many food manufacturing systems have a low level of readability, scalability, and data accuracy. Similarly, this process is complicated in the supply chain and needs a lot of time for processing. The blockchain system creates a new ontology in the traceability system supply chain to deal with these issues. In this paper, a blockchain machine learning-based food traceability system (BMLFTS) is proposed in order to combine the new extension in blockchain, Machine Learning technology (ML), and fuzzy logic traceability system that is based on the shelf life management system for manipulating perishable food. The blockchain technology in the proposed system has been developed in order to address light-weight, evaporation, warehouse transactions, or shipping time. The blockchain data flow is designed to show the extension of ML at the level of food traceability. Finally, reliable and accurate data are used in a supply chain to improve shelf life.
Colloidal Synthesis of Germanium Nanorods (2011)

A colloidal synthesis of crystalline germanium (Ge) nanorods is reported. Diphenylgermane (DPG) is decomposed in a high boiling solvent in the presence of bismuth (Bi) nanocrystals and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The Bi nanocrystals induce solution−liquid−solid (SLS) growth of the Ge nanorods, and TOPO serves as a capping ligand to prevent aggregation. The resulting nanorods are crystalline, predominantly growing in the ⟨111⟩ crystallographic direction, with an average diameter of 10 nm. The average length could be varied from 60 to 170 nm by decreasing the ratio of Bi to Ge in the reaction. The addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) /hexadecene (PVP/HDE) copolymer led to branched nanorods.
Stacked L-shaped probe fed microstrip antenna (2002)

An L-shaped probe fell microstrip antenna is investigated. The antenna is made of a rectangular patch supported by a thick foam dielectric layer. The patch is proximity fed via L-shaped probe. Simulation results confirm previously reported improvement in the bandwidth of 35%. The analyses are extended to examine the effect of supporting stacked patch above the original one. An impedance bandwidth of 46% has been achieved when the separation between the stacked parasitic patch and the original patch is 4.5 mm.
Heating Methods and Detection Limits for Infrared Thermography Inspection of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (2007)

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen existing civil infrastructure is expanding rapidly. Many FRP systems used to strengthen reinforced concrete are applied using a wet lay-up method in which dry fibers are saturated on site and then applied to the surface. This research investigated using infrared thermography (IRT) as a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tool for detecting air voids and epoxy-filled holes in FRP systems bonded to a concrete substrate. Four small-scale specimens with FRP thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4 mm (0.04 to 0.16 in.) containing fabricated defects were constructed and inspected in a laboratory setting. Three heating methods (flash, scan, and long pulse) were employed and a quantitative analysis of resulting IRT data was used to establish detection limits for each method. Scan heating was shown to be most effective for basic defect detection. Air-filled defects at the FRP/concrete interface as small as 2.9 cm2 (0.45 in.2) were detected in a 4 mm (0.16 in.) thick FRP system. Defects as small as 0.3 cm2 (0.05 in.2) were detected in a 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick FRP system.
Avant-propos (2018)

Ainsi que le souligne Harald Weinrich dans sa Kleine Literatur­geschichte der Heiterkeit, la notion d’« allégresse » joue un rôle de premier plan dans la littérature et la pensée de langue allemande. L’esthétique classique de Goethe et de Schiller s’y incarne à un degré tel que nul écrivain ou penseur ultérieur ne semble pouvoir faire l’économie d’une confrontation au modèle. Placé, dans la lignée de Winckelmann, sous le signe de l’héritage grec antique, ce dernier se caractérise par la recon...
Fabrication and metrology of diffraction limited soft x-ray optics for the EUV microlithography (2004)

EUVL, i.e. microlithography at 13nm is one of the most likely technologies to satisfy the requirements for the 45nm-node and below of the IC-manufacturing roadmap. The development of the first step and scan machines meeting production requirements of field size and resolution is in progress. A key component of these machines will be a diffraction limited, off-axis mirror system with aspherical surfaces. The optical surfaces of these mirrors have to be fabricated and measured with unprecedented accuracy. In recent years, technology development at Carl Zeiss SMT AG was focussed on the on-axis aspheres of the NA=0.30 micro exposure tool (MET). Presently this technology is transferred to the surfaces of a NA=0.25 off-axis, large field system The current status of the fabrication and metrology of both on-axis and off-axis mirrors will be reviewed.
Identification of a mitochondrial form of kynurenine aminotransferase/glutamine transaminase K from rat brain (1995)

A soluble aminotransferase with kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) activity has been recently isolated from rat brain. This enzyme corresponds to a cytosolic form of glutamine transaminase K (GTK). In addition to the cytosolic enzyme, a mitochondrial-associated form of this KAT/GTK also exists. In the present work we have isolated a rat brain cDNA clone encoding a KAT/GTK enzyme identical to the soluble form but carrying an additional stretch of 32 amino acids at its NH2-terminus. Several structural features of this sequence resemble those of leader peptides for mitochondrial import. Evidence that the isolated cDNA encoded for mitochondrial KAT/GTK was obtained after transfection of HEK-293 cells with the cDNA coding for this new KAT/GTK isoenzyme. In fact, a significant enrichment of both KAT and GTK enzymatic activities was found in the crude mitochondrial fraction of the transfected cells.
A learning-based automatic clinical organ segmentation in medical images (2007)

Image segmentation plays an important role in medical image analysis and visualization since it greatly enhances the clinical diagnosis. Although many algorithms have been proposed, it is challenging to achieve an automatic clinical organ segmentation which requires speed and robustness. Automatically segmenting cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image is extremely challenging due to the artifacts of cardiac motion and characteristics of MRI. Moreover many of the existing algorithms are specific to a particular view of cardiac MRI images. We proposed a generic view-independent, learning-based method to automatically segment cardiac MRI images, which uses machine learning techniques and the geometric shape information. A main feature of our contribution is the fact that the proposed algorithm can use a training set containing a mix of various views and is able to successfully segment any given views. The proposed method consists of four stages. First, we partition the input image into a number of image regions based on their intensity characteristics. Then, we calculate the pre-selected feature descriptions for each generated region and use a trained classi.er to learn the conditional probabilities for every pixel based on the calculated features. In this paper, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to train our classifier. The learned conditional probabilities of every pixel are then fed into an energy function to segment the input image. We optimize our energy function with graph cuts. Finally, domain knowledge is applied to verify the segmentation. Experimental results show that this method is very efficient and robust with respect to image views, slices and motion phases. The method also has the potential to be imaging modality independent as the proposed algorithm is not specific to a particular imaging modality.
JANAF thermochemical tables, second edition (1971)

Abstract : Beginning in the mid-1950s, when elements other than the conventional carbon hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine came into consideration as rocket propellant ingredients, formidable difficulties were encountered in conducting rigorous theoretical performance calculations for these new propellants. The first major problem was calculational techniques. The second was the lack of accurate thermodynamic data. By the end of 1959, the calculational technique problem had been substantially resolved by applying the method of minimization of free energy to large, high-speed digital computers. At time point the calculations became as accurate as the thermodynamic data upon which they were based. However, serious gaps were present in the available data. For propellant ingredients, only the standard heat of formation is required to conduct a performance calculation. However, this must be known to a high degree of accuracy. For combustion products, the enthalpy and entropy must be known, as a function of temperature, in addition to the standard heat of formation. In order to resolve the problem, a substantial experimental thermodynamic research program was initiated. Simultaneously, a project was initiated to critically evaluate and compile consistent tables of thermodynamic properties of propellant combustion products for use by the aerospace industry.
Estimating travel speed via sparse vehicular crowdsensing data (2016)

Average travel speed for road sections is important information for traffic condition evaluation, transportation management, and so on. Vehicular crowdsensing can be used to collect data including real-time locations and velocities of vehicles, which can be further utilized to estimate travel speed. However, due to the uneven spatial-temporal distribution of vehicles and the variation of data-offering intervals, vehicular crowdsensing data is usually coarse-grained. To handle the coarseness problem as well as estimate travel speed accurately, this work proposes an approach named STC (abbreviation of Spatial-Temporal Correlation) to produce a fully covered distribution of travel speeds for road sections in both time and space domains based on vehicular crowdsensing data. STC exploits the spatial-temporal correlation among travel speeds of road sections by introducing a time-lagged cross correlation function. We use a time lagging factor to quantify the time consumption of vehicles travelling along road sections, and determine the time lagging factor self-adaptively by tracking the locations of vehicles at different road sections. Then, utilizing the local stationarity of the cross correlation, we reduce the problem of finding the missing travel speed for a single road to a minimization problem. Finally, we fill all the missing travel speeds in a recursive way by using the geometric structure of a road network. Experiments based on real taxi trace data show that STC has a better estimation accuracy, in comparison with typical methods in use.
Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizers, Condensation Products of Urea and Formaldehyde as Fertilizer with Controlled Nitrogen Availability (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrea-Formaldehyde Fertilizers, Condensation Products of Urea and Formaldehyde as Fertilizer with Controlled Nitrogen AvailabilityR. D. Krolovec and W. A. MorganCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1954, 2, 2, 92–95Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60022a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (791 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
An improved algorithm for computing logarithms overGF(p)and its cryptographic significance (Corresp.) (1978)

A cryptographic system is described which is secure if and only if computing logarithms over <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GF(p)</tex> is infeasible. Previously published algorithms for computing this function require <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(p^{1/2})</tex> complexity in both time and space. An improved algorithm is derived which requires <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O =(\log^{2} p)</tex> complexity if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p - 1</tex> has only small prime factors. Such values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> must be avoided in the cryptosystem. Constructive uses for the new algorithm are also described.
Oridonin induces apoptosis and senescence by increasing hydrogen peroxide and glutathione depletion in colorectal cancer cells (2012)

We recently demonstrated that oridonin could induce apoptosis and senescence of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the involvement of reactive oxygen species in oridonin-induced cell death and senescence was investigated in colon adenocarcinoma-derived SW1116 cells. Oridonin increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and reduced the glutathione content in a dose-dependent manner. N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, not only blocked the oridonin-induced increase in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione depletion, but also blocked apoptosis and senescence induced by oridonin, as evidenced by the decrease in Annexin V and senescence-associated β-galactosidase- positive cells and the inhibition of oridonin-induced upregulation of p53 and p16 and downregulation of c-Myc. Moreover, exogenous catalase could inhibit the increase in hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis induced by oridonin, but not the glutathione depletion and senescence. Furthermore, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity was reduced by oridonin in vitro and in cells, which may cause the increase in hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the increase in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione depletion account for oridonin-induced apoptosis and senescence in colorectal cancer cells, and TrxR inhibition is involved in this process. Given the importance of TrxR as a novel cancer target in colon cancer, oridonin would be a promising clinical candidate. The mechanism of oridonin-induced inhibition of TrxR warrants further investigation.
Exclosures in Big Game Management in Utah (1958)

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.
Induction of Immunity in Mice to Fasciola Hepatica with a Fasciola/Schistosoma Cross-Reactive Defined Immunity Antigen (1985)

The paradox of schistosomiasis is that infection confers immunity to its host, yet immunization with subcellular antigens of the parasite does not, in general, induce protective immunity. Infection or immunization with subcellular antigens of Fasciola hepatica confers high levels of immunity to a challenge infection with another trematode, Schistosoma mansoni. We have isolated by antibody affinity chromatography a Fasciola hepatica/Schistoma mansoni cross-reactive antigen, designated FhSmIII(M), and also have shown that this antigen confers immunity in mice to a challenge infection with S. mansoni. This antigen was compared with a crude F. hepatica worm extract (FhWWE) as to its ability to induce an IgG antibody response in mice, and to determine whether it had a protective effect in mice to a challenge infection with F. hepatica metacercariae. Mice immunized with FhSmIII(M) or FhWWE, and subsequently infected with F. hepatica, developed higher IgG antibody levels to FhSmIII(M), as measured by ELISA, than F. hepatica-infected controls. Mice immunized with FhWWE did not develop significant levels of resistance to challenge with F. hepatica metacercariae. Mice immunized with FhSmIII(M) and infected with F. hepatica metacercariae developed 69%-78% less worms than controls. An F. hepatica/S. mansoni cross-reactive, cross-protective defined immunity antigen confers in mice significant levels of protection to a challenge infection with F. hepatica.
Design, manufacturing, and performance analysis of mid-infrared achromatic half-wave plates with diamond subwavelength gratings (2012)

In this paper, we present a solution for creating robust monolithic achromatic half-wave plates (HWPs) for the infrared, based on the form birefringence of subwavelength gratings (SWGs) made out of diamond. We use the rigorous coupled wave analysis to design the gratings. Our analysis shows that diamond, besides its outstanding physical and mechanical properties, is a suitable substrate to manufacture mid-infrared HWPs, thanks to its high refractive index, which allows etching SWGs with lower aspect ratio. Based on our optimized design, we manufactured a diamond HWP for the 11-13.2 μm region, with an estimated mean retardance ~3.143±0.061 rad (180.08±3.51°). In addition, an antireflective grating was etched on the backside of the wave plate, allowing a total transmittance between 89% and 95% over the band.
Introduction to intelligent networks (1995)

The development of telecommunications techniques and the need for more advanced services has created projects on standardization of international Intelligent Networks (IN). The standards of Intelligent Networks define IN in an abstract point of view, so it leaves the service providers the decisions on their own implementations. The first standard sets of IN are Bellcore’s AIN release 1 and the CCITT’s Capability Set 1 (CS1). They define the basic services of IN, additional features such as rapid service introduction and a flexible architecture that provides future expansion to further IN Capability Sets. The standardization organisations, such as CCITT and ETSI, work hard to help the service providers to implement their IN architecture in order to be able to provide international IN services. This kind of architecture is better known as global Intelligent Network architecture and it should be taken into consideration already in the early implementations of IN. This paper presents some history of telecommunications technology, an overview of IN and its services.
[Experimental study of fracture healing promotion with mechanical vibration in rabbits]. (1994)

Under aseptic operation, a 0.3mm defect each was resected in the middle shaft of both radii in 54 rabbits. One of 4 groups was subjected to vibration along the long axis of right radius in each healing stage. The feature of fracture healing was evaluated with X-ray film, pathological examinations and measurement of maximum resistance to bending force and pressing stress. The authors came to these preliminary results: (1) The vibration (12.5 approximately 200 Hz) promoted fracture healing; (2) A significant acceleration of fracture healing was seen at the vibrated radius in 3 approximately 4 weeks.