gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barkhausen effect and discontinuous magnetostriction in Terfenol-D (1988)

Measurements of magnetostriction λ, magnetic Barkhausen effect (MBE), and magnetic induction B have been made as a function of magnetic field H in a number of specimens of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9 prepared recently at Ames Laboratory. These results showed marked variations in properties from specimen to specimen. For example, the saturation magnetostriction of the materials under a compressive load of 14 MPa (2000 psi) varied from 1500 to 2200×10−6. However, it was noticed that in the high-performance, high-magnetostriction specimens a common feature was a very rapid change in magnetostriction with field in the range 400–500 Oe. Barkhausen measurements taken on two extreme specimens from the group also revealed very different signals, in particular the high-performance material was found to have a distinctive double peak in Barkhausen activity, one peak of which corresponded to the rapid change in magnetostriction, while the other occurred at the flat region of the magnetostriction versus field curve, corresponding to little or no change in magnetostriction.
Role of protectants in chemical weed management – A review (2002)

Safeners are chemical compounds that protect crop plants from herbicide injury. They are also referred as antidotes or protectants. Naphthalic anhydride (NA) is the first commercial herbicide antidote developed by USA. Marketed safeners are members of diverse chemical groups. Herbicide safeners act either at a common target site or influence the amount of herbicide that reaches its target site in an active form. Safener reduces the phytotoxicity on crop. The other organic amendments the protect from herbicidal injury are FYM, activated carbon, and activated charcoal. This paper reviews role of protectants in chemical weed management in crop production.
The role of oral antiviral therapy in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Hepatoma Research is an open access journal and focuses on all topics related to hepatoma. The following articles are especially welcome: pathogenesis, clinical examination and early diagnosis of hepatoma, complications of hepatoma, and their preventions and treatments, etc.
The Battle of the Bulges-Obesity, A Herbal Remedy (2016)

'Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. More than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older were overweight and 600 million were obese. Obesity kills more people than underweight. ’WHO (2014). There are many remedies for obesity such as synthetic drugs, surgery and commercial formulation of various herbals/natural products. However synthetic drugs have side effects, surgeries are painful and commercial formulations are expensive. In our project, we made novel nutraceutical products such as Polyherbal Formulations (PHF) to prevent and control obesity and related disorders. Raw materials like underutilized millets, cereals, pulses and herbals proven to have antiobesity properties were used. Scientific validation of products such as antioxidant content, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities were conducted. The products were tested on animal models and human volunteers and proved to be efficient. Liver function test, Lipid profile BMI were examined in Human Volunteers (before and after the administration of PHF). In order to break the monotony of a single product, we made 2 products at affordable prices and as a service to humanity.
Purified staphylococcal culture medium stimulates neutral metalloprotease secretion from human articular cartilage (1991)

Human articular cartilage released significantly increased levels of metal-dependent enzymes capable of degrading collagen, casein, and gelatin at a neutral pH following exposure to a sterile, purified fraction of Staphylococcus aureus culture medium. Neutral metalloprotease activity was determined by radiolabeled substrate assays and substrate gel analysis. The enzymes were activated with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and were inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Protein immunoblots demonstrated that type I collagenase and stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase III) secretion was increased following staphylococcal medium challenge. The profile of enzymatic activity induced by staphylococcal medium was directly comparable to that observed with interleukin-1, which was used as a positive control. The staphylococcal medium had no inherent proteolytic activity. Increased production of the neutral metalloproteases collagenase and stromelysin may significantly contribute to the extensive cartilage destruction noted in staphylococcal septic arthritis.
Psychosocial Adaptation of Long-Term Survivors of Bone Sarcoma (1995)

Previous studies comparing amputation and a limbsalvage procedure as treatments for bone tumors described no differences between the two treatments regarding the incidence of psychopathology or quality-of-life outcomes. These studies were limited by the absence of standardized measures of psychopathology, by samples that included an overly broad age range, or by including patients who had either upper- or lower-limb bone cancers. A sample of 45 patients (43 with lower-limb osteosarcoma and 2 with Ewing's sarcoma) who were aged 11-24 years at diagnosis and had survived an average of seven years at the time of the study were evaluated using both standardized measures of psychological symptoms and a semistructured clinical interview. No differences were found in the mean psychopathology scores of the two treatment groups (32 treated with a limb salvage procedure and 13 with initial amputation). Significant differences in psychosocial adaptation were found between the two groups. The amputees felt they were not employed at a level appropriate to their skills and training, and they were less likely than the limb salvage group to have married since the diagnosis. They also felt they had been subjected to greater job and social discrimination. Furthermore, good coping skills protected the limb-spared group, but not the amputees, from having higher scores on the measures of psychopathology, depression, and anxiety. The greater distress and the more compromised social and work satisfaction among the amputees warrants further study. The authors suggest different directions for psychosocial interventions for the two groups.
A practical approach to enterprise IT security (2001)

As the Internet has matured, so have the threats to its safe use, and so must the security measures that enable its business use. Traditional piecemeal, single-layer, single-dimensional security approaches are no longer adequate. These approaches can create a false sense of security and create as many problems as they attempt to address. We propose a multifaceted framework to prevent, detect, and respond to ever more sophisticated threats to enterprise IT information and assets. We outline a practical implementation approach to building enterprise IT security mechanisms in an incremental and continuous fashion. We believe that enterprises should adopt a similar multifaceted framework, following a practical but disciplined implementation approach. Enterprises must treat IT security as a required business enabler rather than just a costly item with low priority.
Liposomes with an Ethanol Fraction as an Application for Drug Delivery (2018)

Liposomes containing a certain amount of ethanol are often referred to in the literature as ethosomes. Liposomes vary in size from 25 nm to 25,000 nm. Ethosomes are defined as lipids composed of phospholipids, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol in quite high concentrations, and water. They enable active substances to reach the deep skin layers or even the general circulation. The structure of ethosomes allows for an increased penetration of the drug through two effects: the ethanolic effect and the ethosomal effect. Ethosomes can be obtained using three methods: the hot method, the cold method, and the classic method of mechanical dispersion. The literature describes many of the therapeutic groups of drugs that can be enclosed in ethosomal formulations. These include anti-viral drugs, antineoplastic drugs, antifungal drugs, hypnotic drugs, hormones, and many others. Ethosomes show important practical advantages compared to classic liposomes. It is necessary to conduct research with regard to real pharmaceutical systems using advanced physicochemical techniques.
Interleukin-6 Induces Early Gamma Interferon Production in the Infected Lung but Is Not Required for Generation of Specific Immunity to<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Infection (2000)

Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent upon the generation of a protective gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T-cell response. Recent studies have suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is required for the induction of a protective T-cell response and that IL-4 may suppress the induction of IFN-gamma. To evaluate the role of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-4 in the generation of pulmonary immunity to M. tuberculosis, IL-6 and IL-4 knockout mice were infected with M. tuberculosis via aerosol. The absence of IL-6 led to an early increase in bacterial load with a concurrent delay in the induction of IFN-gamma. However, mice were able to contain and control bacterial growth and developed a protective memory response to secondary infection. This demonstrates that while IL-6 is involved in stimulating early IFN-gamma production, it is not essential for the development of protective immunity against M. tuberculosis. In contrast, while the absence of IL-4 resulted in increased IFN-gamma production, this had no significant effect upon bacterial growth.
Ribonuclease Inhibitor Regulates Neovascularization by Human Angiogenin (2009)

Human angiogenin (ANG) is a homologue of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) that induces neovascularization. ANG is the only human angiogenic factor that possesses ribonucleolytic activity. To stimulate blood vessel growth, ANG must be transported to the nucleus and must retain its catalytic activity. Like other mammalian homologues of RNase A, ANG forms a femtomolar complex with the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein (RI). To determine whether RI affects ANG-induced angiogenesis, we created G85R/G86R ANG, which possesses 10(6)-fold lower affinity for RI but retains wild-type ribonucleolytic activity. The neovascularization of rabbit corneas by G85R/G86R ANG was more pronounced and more rapid than by wild-type ANG. These findings provide the first direct evidence that RI serves to regulate the biological activity of ANG in vivo.
Vehículos Eléctricos. Historia, Estado Actual Y Retos Futuros (2016)

Electric Vehicles. Past, present and future trends. In this century, environment impact and energy conservation are very important and growing concerns. The development of electric vehicles is of vital importance because combustion based vehicles is not a sustainable option for a near future. Moreover, policy incentives together with pollution and noise concerns and the use of renewable energy have made commercially viable electric and hybrid vehicles a reality. This paper gives an overview of the history of electric vehicles, the present status, and the future research lines. The main problems associated with electric vehicles development and effective implementation such as energy storage, electronics and control is analysed.
Linewidth measurement on IC masks and wafers by grating test patterns (1980)

Test patterns in the form of diffraction gratings are used for testing and monitoring linewidths on integrated circuit structures. The first and second diffraction orders produed by a laser beam are evaluated to give the width of the grating lines. Measurements on chrome masks show that this technique is accurate to 5% down to linewidths of 0.5 μm. The design of a test set for factory type mask testing is presented. Also, experiments are reported on the testing of patterns on Si wafers directly after. photoresist development and after various etching steps, and an automatic setup for rapid testing of wafers is described.
Realtime Motion Assessment For Rehabilitation Exercises: Integration Of Kinematic Modeling With Fuzzy Inference (2014)

Abstract This article describes a novel approach to realtime motion assessment for rehabilitation exercises based on the integration of comprehensive kinematic modeling with fuzzy inference. To facilitate the assessment of all important aspects of a rehabilitation exercise, a kinematic model is developed to capture the essential requirements for static poses, dynamic movements, as well as the invariance that must be observed during an exercise. The kinematic model is expressed in terms of a set of kinematic rules. During the actual execution of a rehabilitation exercise, the similarity between the measured motion data and the model is computed in terms of their distances, which are then used as inputs to a fuzzy interference system to derive the overall quality of the execution. The integrated approach provides both a detailed categorical assessment of the overall execution of the exercise and the degree of adherence to individual kinematic rules.
Impairment of  T and B Cell Development by Treatment with a Type I Interferon (1998)

Type I interferons alpha and beta, naturally produced regulators of cell growth and differentiation, have been shown to inhibit IL-7-induced growth and survival of B cell precursors in vitro. After confirming an inhibitory effect on B lymphopoiesis in an ex vivo assay, we treated newborn mice with an active IFN-alpha2/alpha1 hybrid molecule to assess its potential for regulating B and T cell development in vivo. Bone marrow and splenic cellularity was greatly reduced in the IFN-alpha2/alpha1-treated mice, and B lineage cells were reduced by >80%. The bone marrow progenitor population of CD43+B220+HSA- cells was unaffected, but development of the CD19+ pro-B cells and their B lineage progeny was severely impaired. Correspondingly, IL-7-responsive cells in the bone marrow were virtually eliminated by the interferon treatment. Thymus cellularity was also reduced by >80% in the treated mice. Phenotypic analysis of the residual thymocytes indicated that the inhibitory effect was exerted during the pro-T cell stage in differentiation. In IFN-alpha/beta receptor-/- mice, T and B cell development were unaffected by the IFN-alpha2/alpha1 treatment. The data suggest that type I interferons can reversibly inhibit early T and B cell development by opposing the essential IL-7 response.
Blood–Brain Barrier Transport of Kynurenines: Implications for Brain Synthesis and Metabolism (1991)

To evaluate the potential contribution of circulating kynurenines to brain kynurenine pools, the rates of cerebral uptake and mechanisms of blood-brain barrier transport were determined for several kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan, including L-kynurenine (L-KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKYN), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA), anthranilic acid (ANA), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN), in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats using an in situ brain perfusion technique. L-KYN was found to be taken up into brain at a significant rate [permeability-surface area product (PA) = 2-3 x 10(-3) ml/s/g] by the large neutral amino acid carrier (L-system) of the blood-brain barrier. Best-fit estimates of the Vmax and Km of saturable L-KYN transfer equalled 4.5 x 10(-4) mumol/s/g and 0.16 mumol/ml, respectively. The same carrier may also mediate the brain uptake of 3-HKYN as D,L-3-HKYN competitively inhibited the brain transfer of the large neutral amino acid L-leucine. For the other metabolites, uptake appeared mediated by passive diffusion. This occurred at a significant rate for ANA (PA, 0.7-1.6 x 10(-3) ml/s/g), and at far lower rates (PA, 2-7 x 10(-5) ml/s/g) for 3-HANA, KYNA, and QUIN. Transfer for KYNA, 3-HANA, and ANA also appeared to be limited by plasma protein binding. The results demonstrate the saturable transfer of L-KYN across the blood-brain barrier and suggest that circulating L-KYN, 3-HKYN, and ANA may each contribute significantly to respective cerebral pools. In contrast, QUIN, KYNA, and 3-HANA cross the blood-brain barrier poorly, and therefore are not expected to contribute significantly to brain pools under normal conditions.
Athermal Polysilicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer in Bulk CMOS (2020)

This study demonstrates the first athermal polysilicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on strip and subwavelength grating waveguides in commercialized bulk CMOS without any process modification. As-fabricated MZI exhibits a temperature sensitivity of ±4 pm/°C over 1500~1600 nm wavelength range with a slope of -0.055 pm/°C/nm. This wavelength filtering device is therefore immune from the temperature gradient issue arising from the nearby electronic circuits, thus is promising for practical on-chip optical interconnect and sensor applications in bulk CMOS.
Overexpression of γ-Glutamyltransferase in Transgenic Mice Accelerates Bone Resorption and Causes Osteoporosis (2007)

We previously identified gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) by expression cloning as a factor inducing osteoclast formation in vitro. To examine its pathogenic role in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpressed GGT in a tissue-specific manner utilizing the Cre-loxP recombination system. Systemic as well as local production of GGT accelerated osteoclast development and bone resorption in vivo by increasing the sensitivity of bone marrow macrophages to receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, an essential cytokine for osteoclastogenesis. Mutated GGT devoid of enzyme activity was as potent as the wild-type molecule in inducing osteoclast formation, suggesting that GGT acts not as an enzyme but as a cytokine. Recombinant GGT protein increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression in marrow stromal cells and also stimulated osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow macrophages at lower concentrations. Thus, GGT is implicated as being involved in diseases characterized by accelerated osteoclast development and bone destruction and provides a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Peroxisomes Isolated from Petals of Pumpkin (<italic>Cucurbita</italic> sp.) during Senescence (1991)

Journal Article Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Peroxisomes Isolated from Petals of Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) during Senescence Get access Luigi de Bellis, Luigi de Bellis 1Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyMyodaijicho, Okazaki, 444 Japan2Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante AgrarieViale delle Piagge 23, 56124 Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryuji Tsugeki, Ryuji Tsugeki 1Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyMyodaijicho, Okazaki, 444 Japan3Department of Molecular Biomechanics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesMyodaijicho, Okazaki, 444 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mikio Nishimura Mikio Nishimura 1Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyMyodaijicho, Okazaki, 444 Japan3Department of Molecular Biomechanics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesMyodaijicho, Okazaki, 444 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 32, Issue 8, December 1991, Pages 1227–1235, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078201 Published: 01 December 1991 Article history Received: 25 May 1991 Accepted: 25 September 1991 Published: 01 December 1991
Modeling spatial batting ability using a known covariance matrix (2015)

Abstract In baseball, heat maps, which visualize a batter’s ability across regions in and around the strike zone, play an important role in baseball commentary and scouting reports. We represent the stochastic process underlying these heat maps as a spatial Gaussian field with isotropic covariance. Spatial interpolation (kriging) relies on the assumption of a known covariance function, but in reality the parameters of the covariance are typically estimated from the data. Our simulation study, based on a known covariance function, helps to understand and explain the spatial dependence of the process and allows us to produce improved heat maps.
A modified method for purifying amelanotic melanocytes from human hair follicles (2006)

We describe a modified method for establishing long-term pure cultures of amelanotic melanocytes (AMMC) derived from human hair follicles. Normal human corpse scalp (just after death, 1 h) was transected 1 mm below the epidermis, and hair follicles in the remaining dermis were isolated by a two-step enzyme treatment. Hair follicle cell suspensions were prepared by 0.50% trypsin treatment for 30 min and cultured in an optimized melanoblast proliferation nature mitogen medium. Cells attached to the substratum were mostly amelanotic melanocytic in character with small, bipolar shapes in the early stage; only a few keratinocytes and rare fibroblasts were observed. Keratinocytes were easily removed by differential trypsinization. After the third passage, the proliferating cells were all amelanotic melanocytes as confirmed by immunostaining with polyclonal antibodies to alphaPEP7h, which recognized the tyrosinase protein located on melanosomes and NKI/beteb, which is a pre-melanosomal antigen against synthetic peptides corresponding to the carboxyl termini of human melanosomal protein GP100. Cultured AMMC were highly positive to L-dopa reactivity after the addition of IBMX to the culture medium for 7 days. Many stage I and II melanosomes and occasional stage III melanosomes without stage IV melanosomes were found in the cytoplasm by transmission electron microscope. This modified technique is potentially more suitable for cultivating amelanotic melanocytes. The availability of pure cultures of hair-follicle amelanotic melanocytes will facilitate investigations of the roles of those cells in migration and differentiation during treatment of vitiligo.
A 129NW Neural Amplifier and Gm-C Filter for EEG Using gm/ID Methodology (2014)

This Thesis presents a low-power analog front-end amplifier and Gm-C filter for biomedical sensing applications, specifically for Electroencephalogram (EEG) use. The proposed neural amplifier uses a supply voltage of 1.8V, it has a mid-band gain of 40.75dB, and consumes a total current of 71.82nA, for a total dissipated power of 129.276nW. Also presented is the design of a 3rd order Butterworth Low Pass Gm-C Filter which makes use of 14.7nS transconductors; the proposed filter has a pass band suitable for EEG recording use (1-100Hz). The amplifier and filter utilize current sources without bias resistances which provide 56nA and (1.154nA x 5) respectively. The proposed neural amplifier occupies a chip area of 0.275mm2 in a 0.3μm TSMC process. Simulation of the schematic and extracted chip layout is presented, along with a comparison of similar published works. Finally, a projected power consumption calculation for a multichannel system based on this system is offered.
Receptor-mediated activation of the heterotrimeric G-protein Gs results in ATP release from erythrocytes. (2001)

The heterotrimeric G-protein Gs is present in erythrocyte membranes. Receptor-mediated activation of Gs results in ATP release. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Gs is a component of a signal transduction pathway for ATP release from erythrocytes.