gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An open-loop spectroscopy for quantitative waveform measurements with the scanning electron microscope (1985)

A retarding field energy analyser system for quantitative waveform measurement which uses no feedback loop is described. The system, which is controlled with a minicomputer, allows one to sample and store the retarding curves (S-curves) at each stroboscopic sampling phase. By reading the retarding voltages at an arbitrarily specified traverse position of the S-curves, a quantitative relation between the specimen voltage and the sampling phase can be obtained.
Insulin as a Vascular and Sympathoexcitatory Hormone (1997)

The past several years have witnessed a major surge of interest in the cardiovascular actions of insulin. This interest has stemmed on the one hand from epidemiological studies that demonstrated an association between obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension, leading to the so-called insulin hypothesis of hypertension. On the other hand, this interest has been stimulated by experimental evidence suggesting that the vascular actions of insulin may play a role in its main action, namely the promotion of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue. Two tenets have emerged about how insulin may exert its cardiovascular actions. First, it is now firmly established that acute insulin administration stimulates sympathetic nerve activity in both animals and humans. Second, there is increasing evidence that insulin stimulates muscle blood flow, an effect that appears to be mediated at least in part by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. This review summarizes the current understanding and gaps in knowledge on cardiovascular actions of insulin in humans and pathophysiological consequences of derangements of such actions.
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon/CoFe2O4 Composite for the Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solution (2020)

Coconut shell activated carbon loaded with cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) composites (CAC/CoFe2O4) was synthesized via the single-step refluxing router method to manufacture adsorbents. The adsorbents were then applied to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous environments via adsorption. The properties of coconut shell activated carbon (CAC) and CAC/CoFe2O4 were investigated through the usage of electron microscopic methods (SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDS: Energy Dispersive X-ray), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A series of batch experiments were implemented to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters (initial pH, RhB concentration, contact time, and dosage of CAC/CoFe2O4) on the adsorption process. It was found that CoFe2O4 was successfully attached to activated carbon particles and had the suitable adsorption capacity for RhB at a molar ratio of 1 : 2:200 corresponding to the Co : Fe:CAC order. The removal efficiency and adsorption of RhB were optimal at a pH level of 4. The maximum adsorption capacity was 94.08 mg/g at an initial concentration of 350 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/25 mL. Freundlich and Langmuir's models fitted well with the results obtained from the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order model also suited the most for RhB adsorption with the most remarkable correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.934). The adsorption process was controlled by a chemisorption mechanism through electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding interactions, and π-π interactions.
The Maker Movement in Education (2014)

In this essay, Erica Halverson and Kimberly Sheridan provide the context for research on the maker movement as they consider the emerging role of making in education. The authors describe the theoretical roots of the movement and draw connections to related research on formal and informal education. They present points of tension between making and formal education practices as they come into contact with one another, exploring whether the newness attributed to the maker movement is really all that new and reflecting on its potential pedagogical impacts on teaching and learning.
Sensitive and Selective Bacterial Detection Using Tetracysteine‐Tagged Phages in Conjunction with Biarsenical Dye (2011)

A host-specific phage is genetically modified to tag a tetracysteine (TC) residue to its capsid protein. Upon bacterial infection, the TC tag is expressed on the surface of progeny virions and stained by membrane-permeant biarsenical dye, which results in fluorescence enhancement (see picture). The labeled bacteria are detectable by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
1P1-E15 Development of Grip Amplified Glove with Exoskeletal Structure using Pneumatic Artificial Rubber Muscle (2009)

Recently, many power-assist robots have been developed to support and amplify human muscle strength. These robots are expected to use in various fields such as medical welfare, rescue, agriculture, physical labor in the factory and so on. In these activities, one hand is always in active to accomplish the task. Therefore, the hand assist device is useful. There are several researches to assist the hand. Pneumatic actuators are used because of high power weight ratio and light in weight. However, the degree of freedom (Dof) is yet to be enough. In this paper, a grip amplified glove using bi-articular driving mechanism is proposed and developed. Pneumatic artificial rubber muscles (PARM) are used as the actuator. The glove has totally 10 Dofs. The glove has the feature that the electrical sensors are away from the wearable part. Therefore, the glove is environmentally-resistant. The effectiveness of the glove is demonstrated experimentally.
Effect of Aliphatic Polyamines on Growth and Macromolecular Syntheses in Bacteria (1970)

SUMMARY: The effect of synthetic and naturally occurring polyamines on bacterial growth was studied. The tetra-amine spermine was the most potent anti-bacterial agent and showed maximal activity at high pH values. The anti-bacterial action of the triamines was dependent upon the number of the primary amino groups in the polyamine molecule and was maximal when it contained a -N(CH2)7N- moiety. Polyamines, in low concentrations, stimulated the incorporation of [14C]uracil into the nucleic acids of growing bacteria, whereas higher concentrations were inhibitory. In contrast the incorporation of [14C]valine into bacterial proteins was inhibited by polyamines, even in low concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics of Cocaine and Metabolites in Human Oral Fluid and Correlation With Plasma Concentrations After Controlled Administration (2010)

These results provide additional evidence for interpreting cocaine and metabolite concentrations in oral fluid and oral fluid's usefulness as an alternative matrix for drug testing.
<title>Miniaturized detection system for handheld PCR assays</title> (2000)

We have developed and delivered a four chamber, battery powered, handheld instrument referred to as the HANAA which monitors the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process using a TaqMan based fluorescence assay. The detection system differs form standard configurations in two essential ways. First, the size is miniaturized, with a combined cycling and optics plug-in module for a duplex assay begin about the size of a small box of matches. Second, the detection/analysis system is designed to call a positive sample in real time.
Architecture design of a fully asynchronous VLSI chip for DSP custom applications (2003)

A fully asynchronous, distributed VLSI architecture is introduced for dedicated real-time digital signal processing applications. The architecture is based on a data-driven computing model to allow maximum exploitation of the fine-grained concurrency. An asynchronous, self-time signaling protocol is used in the architecture to naturally match data-driven computing and circumvent the clock skew problem. After a brief description of the architecture, key issues of the architecture, such as the interconnection network, data identification, and operand matching are discussed. Finally, disadvantages of the architecture and future work are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancing human action recognition with region proposals (2015)

Deep convolutional network models have dominated recent work in human action recognition as well as image classification. However, these methods are often unduly influenced by the image background, learning and exploiting the presence of cues in typical computer vision datasets. For unbiased robotics applications, the degree of variation and novelty in action backgrounds is far greater than in computer vision datasets. To address this challenge, we propose an “action region proposal” method that, informed by optical flow, extracts image regions likely to contain actions for input into the network both during training and testing. In a range of experiments, we demonstrate that manually segmenting the background is not enough; but through active action region proposals during training and testing, state-of-the-art or better performance can be achieved on individual spatial and temporal video components. Finally, we show by focusing attention through action region proposals, we can further improve upon the existing state-of-the-art in spatio-temporally fused action recognition performance.
Cesium control and diagnostics in surface plasma negative ion sources (2010)

For efficient and reliable negative ion generation it is very important to improve a cesium control and diagnostics. Laser beam attenuation and resonance fluorescence can be used for measurement of cesium distribution and cesium control. Resonant laser excitation and two-photon excitation can be used for improved cesium ionization and cesium trapping in the discharge chamber. Simple and inexpensive diode lasers can be used for cesium diagnostics and control. Cesium migration along the surface is an important mechanism of cesium escaping. It is important to develop a suppression of cesium migration and cesium accumulation on the extraction system.
A novel high voltage three-phase monolithic inverter IC with two current levels sensing (2002)

A 250-V 1-A three-phase monolithic inverter IC (ECN3010) for variable-speed motor drives has been fabricated. Six insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and fast recovery diodes are integrated on one chip, for the output stages, using dielectric isolation. The IC provides many functions for driving a DC brushless motor by itself. A two-current-level sensing circuit has been developed to limit the motor start-up current and to turn off all the IGBTs when a short-circuit load occurs. The accuracy of the sensing circuit and its temperature dependence are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification and Characterization of Trichoderma Species Damaging Shiitake Mushroom Bed-Logs Infested by Camptomyia Pest (2016)

The shiitake mushroom industry has suffered from Camptomyia (gall midges) pest, which feeds on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom during its cultivation. It has been postulated that fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs is associated with infestation by the insect pest, but this is not well understood. To understand the fungal damage associated with Camptomyia pest, various Trichoderma species were isolated, identified, and characterized. In addition to two previously known Trichoderma species, T. citrinoviride and T. deliquescens, two other Trichoderma species, T. harzianum and T. atroviride, were newly identified from the pestinfested bed-log samples obtained at three mushroom farms in Cheonan, Korea. Among these four species, T. harzianum was the most evident. The results of a chromogenic media-based assay for extracellular enzymes showed that these four species have the ability to produce amylase, carboxyl-methyl cellulase, avicelase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase, thus indicating that they can degrade wood components. A dual culture assay on PDA indicated that T. harzianum, T. atroviride, and T. citrinoviride were antagonistic against the mycelial growth of a shiitake strain (Lentinula edodes). Inoculation tests on shiitake bed-logs revealed that all four species were able to damage the wood of bed-logs. Our results provide evidence that the four green mold species are the causal agents involved in fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs infested by Camptomyia pest.
Duress detection for authentication attacks against multiple administrators (2010)

An authentication system is duress-resistant if it allows a user or system administrator to covertly send a silent alarm during the login process, indicating that they are being forced to authenticate against their will. The adversary knows that the system has this feature, e.g., if two passwords are used (one normal and one duress) then the adversary will demand from a victim both passwords. We require that the adversary is not able to distinguish a non-cooperating victim from a cooperating victim, even if there are multiple victims some of whom cooperate while others do not. To avoid a false alarm, we also require that the probability of a user accidentally sending a duress signal (e.g., through typos) is small. After arguing that existing techniques are inadequate for such requirements, we present our design and implementation of a duress-resistant authentication system that can be used by any number of administrators and users. Our system is compatible with existing authentication systems, and can be implemented as an augmentation of their capabilities that does not require modification of their internals.
Flight Altitude Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms Considering Climb and Descent Costs in Cruise with Flight Plan Information (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Flight trajectory optimization algorithms reduce flight cost and fuel consumption, thereby reducing the polluting emissions released to the atmosphere. Ground teams and avionics equipment such as the Flight Management System evaluate different routes to minimize flight costs. The optimal trajectory represents the flight plan given to the crew. The resulting flight plan contains waypoints and weather information such as the wind speed and direction and the temperature for each waypoint. The flight plan is normally introduced manually into the Flight Management System.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, genetic algorithms were applied to the waypoints available in a flight plan to find the altitudes that minimize total fuel consumption, taking into account the cruise-climb and cruise-descent steps' costs.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The genetic algorithms emulate the evolution process through a predefined number of generations. Here, an individual is defined as a set of altitudes, whose fitness depends on its ability to improve the flight cost. The most-fitted individuals are selected to reproduce and create a new generation of individuals. As new generations are created, the fitness of the individuals improves and an optimal set of altitudes to reduce the flight cost is found.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Aircraft fuel consumption in this algorithm was computed using a Performance Database, which was developed and validated by our industrial partner using experimental flight data. This approach differs from the Equations of Motion commonly used in the field and in the literature.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Preliminary results showed that the set of altitudes provided by the genetic algorithm reduces the flight cost. This fuel reduction has a direct impact on the level of polluting emissions.</div></div>
Combination of indoor and outdoor positioning (2008)

Indoor and outdoor environments create contradictory conditions for positioning and guidance of machines. While indoor environments are limited in size to rooms and buildings, outdoor positioning capabilities require regional or even global coverage. Secondly, the difficulty of receipting satellite signals indoors has triggered development of high sensitive and AGNSS receivers – with many issues remaining unsolved. Thirdly, the accuracy requirements are dissimilar between indoor and outdoor environments – typically there is a higher demand for relative accuracy indoors. This paper should be regarded as an overview of the current and near future positioning capabilities for indoor and outdoor environments. However, it does not lay claim to completeness. Focus is given on GNSS and various novel position systems that achieve cm-level accuracy or better which is a requirement for most applications in machine control and guidance of construction machines.
Tregex and Tsurgeon: tools for querying and manipulating tree data structures. (2006)

With syntactically annotated corpora becoming increasingly available for a variety of languages and grammatical frameworks, tree query tools have proven invaluable to linguists and computer scientists for both data exploration and corpusbased research. We provide a combined engine for tree query (Tregex) and manipulation (Tsurgeon) that can operate on arbitrary tree data structures with no need for preprocessing. Tregex remedies several expressive and implementational limitations of existing query tools, while Tsurgeon is to our knowledge the most expressive tree manipulation utility available. 1.
Counterpoint for two tired voices (or the visiting room) (1992)

(1992). Counterpoint for two tired voices (or the visiting room) Travesia: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 4-25.
Quantitative uncertainty-based incremental localization and anchor selection in wireless sensor networks (2011)

Previous localization solutions in wireless sensor networks mainly focus on using various techniques to estimate node positions. In this paper, we argue that quantifying the uncertainty of these estimates is equally important in practice. By using the quantitative uncertainty of measurements and estimates, we can derive more accurate estimates by better fusing the measurements, provide confidence information for confidence-based applications, and know how to select the best anchor nodes so as to minimize the total mean square errors of the whole network. This paper quantifies the estimation uncertainty as an error covariance matrix, and presents an efficient incremental centralized algorithm---INOVA and a decentralized algorithm---OSE-COV for calculating the error covariance matrix. Furthermore, we present how to use the error covariance matrix to infer the confidence region of each node's estimate, and provide an optimal strategy for the anchor selection problem. Extensive simulation results show that INOVA significantly improves the computation efficiency when the network changes dynamically; the confidence region inference is accurate when the measurement number to node number ratio is more than 2; and the optimal anchor selection strategy reduces the total mean square error by four times as much as the variation-based algorithm in best case.
Rapid, combinatorial analysis of membrane compartments in intact plants with a multicolor marker set (2009)

Plant membrane compartments and trafficking pathways are highly complex, and are often distinct from those of animals and fungi. Progress has been made in defining trafficking in plants using transient expression systems. However, many processes require a precise understanding of plant membrane trafficking in a developmental context, and in diverse, specialized cell types. These include defense responses to pathogens, regulation of transporter accumulation in plant nutrition or polar auxin transport in development. In all of these cases a central role is played by the endosomal membrane system, which, however, is the most divergent and ill-defined aspect of plant cell compartmentation. We have designed a new vector series, and have generated a large number of stably transformed plants expressing membrane protein fusions to spectrally distinct, fluorescent tags. We selected lines with distinct subcellular localization patterns, and stable, non-toxic expression. We demonstrate the power of this multicolor 'Wave' marker set for rapid, combinatorial analysis of plant cell membrane compartments, both in live-imaging and immunoelectron microscopy. Among other findings, our systematic co-localization analysis revealed that a class of plant Rab1-homologs has a much more extended localization than was previously assumed, and also localizes to trans-Golgi/endosomal compartments. Constructs that can be transformed into any genetic background or species, as well as seeds from transgenic Arabidopsis plants, will be freely available, and will promote rapid progress in diverse areas of plant cell biology.
Tri-Loop Impedance and Frequency Matching With High-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$Q$</tex></formula> Resonators in Wireless Power Transfer (2014)

Resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) using magneto quasi-static fields is an attractive means for delivering power in many applications. Central to the efficient delivery of power in these systems is the use of high-ratio impedance transformers to impedance-match the load to the source via the WPT network. Mini-loop transformers, which use a resonant tank for impedance matching, have become popular as they provide high-ratio impedance matching and low loss. Key to the low loss is the use of high- Q resonators. There are two challenges with this approach. The first is impedance matching the resonators to source/load impedances, and the second is adjusting the center frequency of resonance to exactly match the operating frequency, which can be very difficult with helical coils that use their parasitic capacitance for resonance. In this letter, we introduce a tri-coil impedance-matching network for WPT that provides accurate impedance matching and precise frequency tuning for high- Q coils to overcome these limitations.
Theoretical optimization of dual‐energy x‐ray imaging with application to mammography (1985)

Detection of a target object in a radiological image is often impeded by an obscuring background "clutter" resulting from the contrast between various materials in the neighborhood of the target. Dual-energy techniques can reduce or remove this clutter. In order for the target to be detectable in the image after dual-energy processing, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), defined as the difference between the target and the background divided by the photon noise in the difference, must exceed some threshold. A given SNR may be obtained for a wide range of the energies of the two x-ray beams and the ratio of their fluences. A theoretical model is developed which permits the choice of beams to be optimized with respect to some critical parameter--in this case, patient dose. The analysis is applied to the detection of calcifications in mammography. For an ideal imaging system, we predict that the optimum beam energies are 19 and 68 keV. A dose of 0.42 cGy is required to obtain an SNR of 5 for detection of a 0.02-cm cubic calcification in the resulting clutter-free image. This can be reduced to 0.16 cGy if the higher energy image is smoothed, prior to dual-energy processing, such that its variance is reduced to one-fourth of its unsmoothed value.
The Formation of Sulphuric Acid in Boiler Flue Gases (1958)

Abstract The discovery of the mechanism for the formation of sulphuric acid in flue gases of modern boiler plants by the process of surface catalysis, brought about by the heating surface over which the gases pass, was published some years ago. Notwithstanding the evidence put forward at that time, both from fundamental tests and operating plants, controversy on the question continues and little progress has been made in the suppression of this harmful product which is responsible for the deposit and corrosion on the boiler-plant surfaces and is, moreover, a very destructive and undesirable contaminant of the atmosphere. This paper describes further work on the subject, including tests which leave the explanation in no reasonable doubt and shows the effect on the sulphuric-acid formation of various surface treatments of the heating surface—both metallurgical and chemical.