gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal enzyme release from human monocytes by particulate activators is mediated by <i>beta</i>-glucan inhibitable receptors. (1987)

Human peripheral blood monocytes ingest particulate activators and generate leukotrienes via a trypsin-sensitive, beta-glucan-inhibitable receptor. The incubation of monolayers of monocytes with from 4 X 10(5) to 2 X 10(8) zymosan or glucan particles resulted in a dose-dependent release of up to 9% +/- 1.9 and 17.8% +/- 5.3 (mean +/- SD, n = 3) of the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetylglucosaminidase, into the culture medium. Lysosomal enzyme release occurred throughout the 2-hr period studied, with the greatest rate of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase release occurring during the first hour; the presence of 5 micrograms/ml of cytochalasin B accelerated this process when zymosan was the agonist. The preincubation of monocytes with from 0.5 to 500 micrograms/ml of soluble yeast beta-glucan inhibited N-acetylglucosaminidase release by 4 X 10(7) zymosan and glucan particles in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition occurring with 50 micrograms/ml of soluble yeast beta-glucan (mean +/- SD, n = 3). Preincubation with as much as 5 mg/ml of yeast mannan had no inhibitory effect on N-acetylglucosaminidase release. The pretreatment for 30 min of monolayers of monocytes with 50 micrograms/ml of affinity-purified trypsin, which selectively inactivates the monocyte-phagocytic response to particulate activators, also fully inhibited lysosomal enzyme release induced by zymosan and glucan particles. The inhibitory effects of a soluble ligand, yeast beta-glucan, and of trypsin pretreatment on lysosomal enzyme release correspond to the inhibitory effect of these agents on monocyte phagocytosis of zymosan and glucan particles and thus indicates ligand specificity for the beta-glucan receptor in the release of stored intracellular mediators.
Kinetic and Modeling Investigationon on Two-Stage Reverse-Flow Reactoras Applied to Dilute-Acid Pretreatment of Agricultural Residues (1996)

The kinetics of dilute-acid pretreatment/hydrolysis of the hemicellulose in a mixture of corn cobs and corn stover was investigated. The kinetic data confirmed that the hemicellulose in this feedstock is of a biphasic nature. The kinetic model recognizes the presence of soluble xylose oligomers, xylose monomer, and the decomposition of xylose. The kinetic parameters were determined over the conditions of 120-150°C, and sulfuric acid concentration of 0.44–1.90%. The biphasic nature of the kinetics brings about an additional flexibility in the reactor design and the operation strategy, since different reaction conditions can be applied to each of the two different fractions of hemicellulose in the feedstock. With incorporation of the kinetic data, a percolation reactor operated under various modes, uniform temperature, temperature step change (along with or without flow rate step change), and two-stage reverse-flow operation, was modeled and investigated for its performance. The modeling results affirmed that a step-change/reverse-flow operation is advantageous for biphasic substrates, including agricultural residues. The optimum temperature difference in the step-change operation was determined to be 30°C over a wide range of reaction temperature. Temperature step change alone (without use of reverse-flow mode) increased the product yield by 3–11% (depending on the reaction conditions) over that of uniform temperature operation. The most significant improvement, however, was seen with application of a two-stage reverse-flow reactor arrangement with temperature step change employing different conditions at each stage. This operation essentially doubled the sugar concentration over that of the temperature step change operation.
Facet formation during solid phase epitaxy regrowth: A lattice kinetic Monte Carlo model (2009)

An atomistic model to account for the formation of facets during solid phase epitaxy regrowth (SPER) is shown. This model relies on a lattice kinetic Monte Carlo approach. The lattice atoms produce different crystalline planes growing with different planar velocities. In particular, the model explains the arrow tip formation during SPER of thin silicon fins typical for fin field effect transistors and the formation of trenches in rectangular-shaped amorphized regions in (001) and (011) silicon, caused by the distortion of the lattice by shear strain and propagated by (111) facets.
Altered stability of pulmonary surfactant in SP-C-deficient mice (2001)

The surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene encodes an extremely hydrophobic, 4-kDa peptide produced by alveolar epithelial cells in the lung. To discern the role of SP-C in lung function, SP-C-deficient (-/-) mice were produced. The SP-C (-/-) mice were viable at birth and grew normally to adulthood without apparent pulmonary abnormalities. SP-C mRNA was not detected in the lungs of SP-C (-/-) mice, nor was mature SP-C protein detected by Western blot of alveolar lavage from SP-C (-/-) mice. The levels of the other surfactant proteins (A, B, D) in alveolar lavage were comparable to those in wild-type mice. Surfactant pool sizes, surfactant synthesis, and lung morphology were similar in SP-C (-/-) and SP-C (+/+) mice. Lamellar bodies were present in SP-C (-/-) type II cells, and tubular myelin was present in the alveolar lumen. Lung mechanics studies demonstrated abnormalities in lung hysteresivity (a term used to reflect the mechanical coupling between energy dissipative forces and tissue-elastic properties) at low, positive-end, expiratory pressures. The stability of captive bubbles with surfactant from the SP-C (-/-) mice was decreased significantly, indicating that SP-C plays a role in the stabilization of surfactant at low lung volumes, a condition that may accompany respiratory distress syndrome in infants and adults.
Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Are There Implications for Depression? (2017)

Autoimmune diseases are affecting around 7.6-9.4% of the general population. A number of central nervous system disorders, including encephalitis and severe psychiatric disorders, have been demonstrated to associate with specific neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs). It has become clear that specific autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens and ion channels could cause severe mental disturbances. A number of studies have focused or are currently investigating the presence of autoantibodies in specific mental conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. However, less is known about other conditions such as depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder with complex etiology and pathogenesis. The diagnosis criteria of depression are largely based on symptoms but not on the origin of the disease. The question which arises is whether in a subgroup of patients with depression, the symptoms might be caused by autoantibodies targeting membrane-associated antigens. Here, we describe how autoantibodies targeting membrane proteins and ion channels cause pathological effects. We discuss the physiology of these antigens and their role in relation to depression. Finally, we summarize a number of studies detecting NSAbs with a special focus on cohorts that include depression diagnosis and/or show depressive symptoms.
Cell cycle dependent expression and stability of the nuclear protein detected by Ki‐67 antibody in HL‐60 cells (1992)

The expression and stability of the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen detected by Ki-67 antibody have been investigated in human promyelocytic leukaemic HL-60 cells in relation to their progression through the cell cycle. Expression of this antigen was minimal in late G1 and early S phase cells. The antigen accumulated in the cells predominantly during S phase, and its rate of increase per cell accelerated during the second half of this phase. The accumulation of Ki-67 antigen during S exceeded the increase in DNA content, and thus the Ki-67/DNA ratio rose 80% from late G1 to G2 + M. This antigen rapidly disappeared from post-mitotic cells. The half-life of this protein estimated in post-mitotic cells during stathmokinesis induced by vinblastine appeared to be shorter than 1 h. This rapid turnover should be compared with the relatively long (6-8 h) duration of G1 of the studied cells. In cells in which de novo protein synthesis was inhibited by 0.1 microgram/ml cycloheximide, the half-life of the Ki-67 antigen was also found to be about 1 h regardless of the cell position in the cell cycle. Thus, the data suggest that variations in the level of this protein during the cell cycle are a consequence of its different synthesis rate rather than phase-specific changes in the rate of its degradation. Because the late G1 and very early S phase cells express the antigen at levels only slightly above background, it is possible that, when using Ki-67 antibody as a marker of the cell growth fraction, some late G1 cells can be erroneously classified as non-cycling cells.
Módulo universitario docente asistencial. Una alternativa en educación médica (1981)

La Facultad de Medicina de la U.N.A.M. desde hace anos, ha venido trabajando en diversas acciones de investigacion para lograr una mejor integracion docencia-servicio a nivel de atencion de primer contacto, objetivo fundamental en la formacion del medico general que deseamos obtener.
Die begrip ’berit’ in ’n aantal klaagpsalms: ’n Perspektief (1994)

The concept ‘berit’ in a few Psalms of Lament: A perspective Concerning the understanding of ‘berit’, a century of research has been unable to exhaust the full dimension of possibilities which are covered by all the relevant Old Testament texts. Against the background of a defined hypothesis, an analysis was made of Psalms 25, 55, 74 and 83 with a literary-historical text approach to portray a few research results. The hypothesis reads as follows: The concept ‘berit’ portrays no uniform content and meaning within the corpus of the so-called psalms of lament and could accordingly not contribute to the debate connected to the origin, development and date of ‘berit’. The study contributes to the nature of the term as far as its variegation is illustrated for a post-exilic functioning date.
A coding method in digital magnetic recording (1972)

An experimental comparison of the recording density limits of three coding methods was performed to find the coding method most suitable for high density recording. We examined FM, MFM, and one of the so-called run-length-limited codes to which self-clocking and peak detection are applicable. In this paper, we call the last coding method "modified nonreturn to zero inverted" (MNRZI). The recording density limit was obtained for each method from measurement of the peak shift and signal to noise ratio for a given recording channel.
Hippocampal Network Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease and Down Syndrome: From Structure to Therapy (2011)

Hippocampal structural and functional alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD), detected by advanced imaging methods, have been linked to significant abnormalities in multiple internal and external networks in this critical brain region. Uncovering the temporal and anatomical pattern of these network alterations would provide important clues into understanding the pathophysiology of AD and suggest new therapeutic strategies for this multi-system and prevalent disorder. Over the last decade, we have focused on studying brain structures that provide major projections to the hippocampus (HC) and the pattern of de-afferentation of this area in mouse models of AD and a related neurodegenerative disorder, i.e. Down syndrome (DS). Our studies have revealed that major inputs into the hippocampal structure undergo significant age-dependent alterations. Studying locus coeruleus (LC), the sole source of noradrenergic terminals for the HC, it has been shown that these neurons show significant age-dependent degeneration in both mouse models of DS and AD. Furthermore, increasing noradrenergic signaling was able to restore cognitive function by improving synaptic plasticity, and possibly promoting microglia recruitment, and amyloid β (Aβ) clearance in transgenic (tg) mouse models of AD. Here, we re-examine the effects of alterations in major inputs to the hippocampal region and their structural and functional consequences in mouse models of neurodegenerative disorders. We will conclude that improving the function of major hippocampal inputs could lead to a significant improvement in cognitive function in both AD and DS.
A Digital Optical Processor For Optical Computing (1989)

A hybrid optical processor, utlizing three programmable spatial light modulators and a CCD detector, is presented. Two digital optical architectures based on a binary number encoding technique for multiple matrix multiplication have been implemented in the system. Applications in bilinear transformations are also described. Several experimental demonstrations are provided.
Inverting polar domains via electrical pulsing in metallic germanium telluride (2017)

Germanium telluride (GeTe) is both polar and metallic, an unusual combination of properties in any material system. The large concentration of free-carriers in GeTe precludes the coupling of external electric field with internal polarization, rendering it ineffective for conventional ferroelectric applications and polarization switching. Here we investigate alternate ways of coupling the polar domains in GeTe to external electrical stimuli through optical second harmonic generation polarimetry and in situ TEM electrical testing on single-crystalline GeTe nanowires. We show that anti-phase boundaries, created from current pulses (heat shocks), invert the polarization of selective domains resulting in reorganization of certain 71<sup>o</sup> domain boundaries into 109<sup>o</sup> boundaries. These boundaries subsequently interact and evolve with the partial dislocations, which migrate from domain to domain with the carrier-wind force (electrical current). This work suggests that current pulses and carrier-wind force could be external stimuli for domain engineering in ferroelectrics with significant current leakage.
VFD retrofit provides 3.75-MW boost to air-cooled Wyodak Power Plant (1996)

The traditional benefit of installing ac variable-frequency drives (VFD) includes power savings at partial speed operation. In the case of forced-draft, air-cooled condenser fans at power stations and cogeneration facilities, this typically occurs during mild ambient temperatures. However, a VFD retrofit last year at the Wyodak Power Plant in Gillette, Wyo., resulted in significant process improvements at temperature extremes. In fact, of the 3.75-MW average capacity increase achieved from the VFD installation, only 25 percent is a result of power savings at partial speed operation. Considered uneconomical when the plant was built, technology advances eliminated VFD operating problems.
Dissection of Cell Division Processes in the One Cell Stage <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Embryo by Mutational Analysis (1999)

To identify novel components required for cell division processes in complex eukaryotes, we have undertaken an extensive mutational analysis in the one cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. The large size and optical properties of this cell permit observation of cell division processes with great detail in live specimens by simple differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. We have screened an extensive collection of maternal-effect embryonic lethal mutations on chromosome III with time-lapse DIC video microscopy. Using this assay, we have identified 48 mutations in 34 loci which are required for specific cell division processes in the one cell stage embryo. We show that mutations fall into distinct phenotypic classes which correspond, among others, to the processes of pronuclear migration, rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, anaphase spindle positioning, and cytokinesis. We have further analyzed pronuclear migration mutants by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against tubulin and ZYG-9, a centrosomal marker. This analysis revealed that two pronuclear migration loci are required for generating normal microtubule arrays and four for centrosome separation. All 34 loci have been mapped by deficiencies to distinct regions of chromosome III, thus paving the way for their rapid molecular characterization. Our work contributes to establishing the one cell stage C. elegans embryo as a powerful metazoan model system for dissecting cell division processes.
Reconfigurable Ground Plane Membranes for Analog/Digital Microstrip Phase Shifters and Frequency Agile Antenna (2006)

A new type of RF MEMS device is presented for microstrip transmission line phase shifters and frequency agile patch antenna. Ground plane membranes are implemented to control local substrate effective dielectric constant and so microstrip device capacitance. Continuous control of transmission line phase shift or antenna resonant frequency is demonstrated. In phase shifter implementation, a figure of merit of over 700/spl deg/ phase shift/dB signal power loss has been achieved. In MPA implementation, a MPA was continuously swept from 16.8 GHz to 17.82 GHz (6% variation). Additionally, while MEM switch devices are limited in power handling capability, the presented device is not so limited.
Occurrence of ceramides and neutral glycolipids with unusual long‐chain base composition in purified rat liver mitochondria (2001)

The free ceramide content of rat liver mitochondria was found to be 1.7 nmol/mg protein and outer membranes contained a three-fold higher concentration than inner membranes. The mitochondrial content in neutral glycolipids was 0.6 nmol/mg protein. The long-chain bases found in free ceramides were d18:1 sphingosine, d18:0 3-ketosphinganine and t21:1 phytosphingosine in increasing order. In contrast, 3-ketosphinganine was the only base of glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide of inner membranes, whereas d18:1 sphingosine was the major long-chain base of glucosylceramide of outer membranes.
Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Parkinson’s Disease (2012)

Experimental evidence and case-control studies suggest that dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DiCCBs) may protect against Parkinson's disease. The authors conducted a historical cohort study in Denmark to investigate the association between DiCCB use and risk of Parkinson's disease (1998-2006). Individual-level data on filled drug prescriptions, diagnostic information, and covariates were linked between nationwide registries. Among DiCCB users, 173 incident cases of Parkinson's disease were detected during 461,984 person-years of follow-up, compared with 5,538 cases during 17,343,641 person-years of follow-up among nonusers. After adjustment for age, sex, year, propensity score, and use of other antihypertensive drugs and statins, DiCCB use was associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (rate ratio (RR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 0.82). This association was not present in patients who had previously used DiCCBs (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.24). DiCCB users aged ≥65 years were at lower risk of Parkinson's disease than DiCCB users aged <65 years (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.85). Among patients with Parkinson's disease, DiCCB use was associated with reduced risk of death (adjusted RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.91) but not dementia (adjusted RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.56). In conclusion, DiCCB exposure was associated with a reduced risk of incident Parkinson's disease, particularly in older patients, and with reduced mortality among patients with Parkinson's disease.
Access to Well‐Defined Ruthenium(I) and Osmium(I) Metalloradicals (2010)

Radically complex: Well-defined mononuclear RuI and OsI complexes (see scheme) have metalloradical character, as indicated by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The RuI and OsI metalloradicals exhibit both one-electron and two-electron redox reactivity. The latter process affords unusual imido complexes with substantial radical character on the {ArN} moiety.
Synthesen von Cholinphosphatiden, VI<sup>1)</sup> 3‐Palmitoyl‐glycerin‐1‐phosphorylcholin (D‐α‐Lysolecithin) und dessen Unwirksamkeit als Substrat für Acyltransferasen (Lecithin‐Synthese) (1970)

Abstract Als Modellsubstanzen für biologische Untersuchungen sind einheitliche, konfigurativ eindeutige Lysolecithine von allgemeinem Interesse. Wir beschreiben erstmals die Synthese eines 3‐Acyl‐glycerin‐1‐phosphorsäurecholinesters ( B ) 3.4‐Isopropyliden‐D‐mannit ( 1 ) wird zur Tetrabenzyl‐Verbindung 2 benzyliert. Saure Hydrolyse von 2 ergibt 1.2.5.6‐Tetrabenzy‐D‐mannit ( 3 ), der mittels Bleitetraacetat zu 1.2‐Dibenzyl‐glycerinaldehyd ( 4 ) Gespalten wird. Reduktion von 4 mit Lithiumalant führt zum 1.2‐Dibenzyl‐glycerin( 5 ), das durch Veresterung mit Palmitinsäurechlorid das 3‐Palmitoryl‐Dibenzyl 6 liefert. Aus 6 erhält man bei der katalytischen Hydrogenolyse 2‐Benzyl‐und 1‐Benzyl‐3‐palmitoyl‐glycerin ( 7 bzw. ),die chromatographisch getrennt werden . die Phosphorylierung von 7 mittels ß‐Brom‐äthyl‐dichlorphosphat und die nachfolgende Behandlung mit Trimethylamin ergeben 3‐Palmitoyl 2‐benzyl‐glycerin‐1‐phosphorylcholin ( 9 ), das durch katalytische Hydrogenolyse in 3‐Palmitoyl‐glycerin‐1‐phosphorylcholin ( 10 ) umgewandelt wird. ‐ Das so dargestellte D‐αLysolecithin erweist sich im Gegensatz zu 1 ‐Palmitoyl‐glycerin‐3‐phosphorylcholin (L‐α‐Lyso‐lecithin) nicht als Substrat für Acyl‐CoA : Acylglycerinphosphorylcholin‐Acyltransferasen,
The UNIX Time-Sharing System† (1978)

UNIX∗ is a general-purpose, multi-user, interactive operating system for the larger Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 and the Interdata 8/32 computers. It offers a number of features seldom found even in larger operating systems, including (i) A hierarchical file system incorporating demountable volumes, (ii) Compatible file, device, and inter-process I/O, (iii) The ability to initiate asynchronous processes, (iv) System command language selectable on a per-user basis, (v) Over 100 subsystems including a dozen languages, (vi) High degree of portability. This paper discusses the nature and implementation of the file system and of the user command interface.
An Instantaneous Pitch-Period Indicator (1955)

Instantaneous indication of the beginnings of individual pitch periods of a voice-sound speech wave is often desirable in speech analysis. With conventional means, such as linear filtering and subsequent waveform shaping, this instantaneous indication is very hard to achieve because of the considerable time delay involved. In the “instantaneous” pitch-period indicator the problem is solved by using nonlinear techniques and a variable time-gating circuit; a pitch-period beginning is indicated by a marker pulse having a maximum delay of the order of five percent of the pitch-period duration. The application of the device to certain problems of speech analysis is indicated.
On the transformation of the speech spectrum for voice conversion (2002)

In many speech applications, control of the speech individuality is required. These applications include the personalization of the voice of speech synthesizers, the restoral of voice individuality for interpreting telephony, the improvement of abnormal speech intelligibility. It is generally admitted that both prosadic and spectral parameters have to be changed in order to modify the speech individuality. Several algorithms have been proposed for the spectrum control. This paper presents some improvements added to these previously proposed methods and compares 4 approaches in the same common framework of voice conversion for application to text to speech synthesizers.