gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholera Toxin Pretreatment Protects Against Tumor Necrosis Factor Lethality Without Compromising Tumor Response to Therapy (1992)

Antitumor therapy with tumor necrosis factor is limited by systemic toxic effects. We studied whether cholera toxin, a bacterial exotoxin that adenosine diphosphate-ribosylates the alpha-subunit of Gs proteins, could separate the lethal from the antitumor effects of tumor necrosis factor. A single dose of intravenous cholera toxin protected non-tumor-bearing mice from a lethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin administered 6 or 24 hours later. On the basis of these results, tumor-bearing mice were randomized to receive either cholera toxin or saline, followed 6 hours later by either human tumor necrosis factor (400 micrograms/kg) or saline. Tumor-bearing mice pretreated with cholera toxin had (1) reduced treatment-related mortality (0/11 vs 5/11 for saline controls) and (2) tumor regression similar to that of controls. In a separate experiment in tumor-bearing mice, intravenous human tumor necrosis factor treatment induced an increase in serum levels of murine tumor necrosis factor to a peak of 500 pg/mL at 1 hour in saline-pretreated controls, while a similar increase could not be detected in those mice pretreated with cholera toxin. These results suggest that pretreatment with cholera toxin can reduce the endogenous tumor necrosis factor response to administered tumor necrosis factor and separate the lethal from the antitumor effects. Cholera toxin may prove to be a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying the varied effects of tumor necrosis factor.
Preparation of Optically Active γ- and δ-Lactones by Microbiological Reduction of the Corresponding Keto Acids (1963)

It was found, by means of simple screening methods, that several yeasts (Saccharomyces and Candida), molds (Cladosporium), and bacteria (Sarcina) are able to reduce keto acids to hydroxy acids, which are easily converted into lactones. Chemical analysis showed that some of the microorganisms (Saccharomyces and Candida) produce dextrorotatory lactones and others (Cladosporium and Sarcina) produce levorotatory lactones. High yields of dextrorotatory (both gamma- and delta-lactones) were obtained by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The physical properties of the carefully distilled lactones obtained indicated high purity and high optical purity.
Structural and optical properties of Co<i>x</i>In2S3+<i>x</i> thin films grown by spray pyrolysis method (1986)

CoxIn2S3+x thin films with various relative compositions were grown on thoroughly cleaned glass plates by the spray pyrolysis method. The substrate temperature during growth was maintained at 270 °C and the film then annealed in a vacuum chamber at 2×10−5 Torr at 500 °C for 30 min. The grown CoxIn2S3+x thin films, which had a composition of x=0.0–0.6, showed the tetragonal structure of In2S3, but above x=0.6 the films were amorphous. The energy gap for these films decreased with increasing x composition, and the impurity absorption spectra in near infrared region, ascribed to Co2+ ions, were observed at 13 333, 5970, and 4166 cm−1, which are the 4A2(F)−4T1(P), 4A2(F)−4T1(F), and 4A2(F)−4T2(F) transitions, respectively.
The major excreted protein of transformed fibroblasts is an activable acid-protease. (1986)

Malignant transformation of mouse cells by a variety of agents or treatment with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate or platelet-derived growth factor results in increased synthesis and secretion of a 39,000-dalton protein termed major excreted protein (MEP). We report here that secreted MEP is an acid-activable protease. The secreted precursor form of the protease is auto-activated at low pH and is able to digest a variety of proteins, including the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. MEP protease activity has pH optimum of 3.3-3.6 and is temperature- and concentration-dependent. The activity is inhibited by sulfhydryl protease inhibitors such as leupeptin and iodoacetic acid and not by metallo-, seryl-, or carboxyprotease inhibitors. The MEP-derived protease has characteristics distinct from the cathepsins previously reported and thus may be a new acid-protease of mouse cells.
Predictability of Uplink Channels From Downlink Channels in Frequency Division Duplex Systems: A Power Control Application (2004)

A novel method for performing predictive closed-loop power control is used to illustrate the predictability of uplink channels from downlink channels in a frequency division duplex (FDD) wireless link. In an uplink power control scenario, the proposed scheme performs uplink prediction using downlink-derived (linear) predictor coefficients. Essentially, the lack of correlation between the fading processes on uplink and downlink (due to FDD and frequency selective fading) is circumvented by using the uplink fading history, together with a set of link-independent, autoregressive (AR) coefficients. An AR model is used to formally describe the frequency selective fading process on either link, regardless of the number of Rayleigh paths. It is also proven that the relevant AR coefficients are common to both links, up to a proper normalization, irrespective of whether the number of paths on the uplink differs from that on the downlink. Both an uncoded and a coded system are simulated, and their performance results are compared, on equal grounds, with those of the corresponding nonpredictive systems.
A comparative study of some kernel-based nonparametric density estimators (1985)

Some practical approaches to the problem of choosing parameters which control the smoothness of kernel-based density estimators are investigated. Fixed and variable kernels are considered, and particularly simple approaches are investigated in the latter case. The performances of a wide range of estimators are compared in a simulation study.
Review of Electromagnetic Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection (2011)

Breast cancer is anticipated to be responsible for almost 40,000 deaths in the USA in 2011. The current clinical detection techniques suffer from limitations which motivated researchers to investigate alternative modalities for the early detection of breast cancer. This paper focuses on reviewing the main electromagnetic techniques for breast cancer detection. More specifically, this work reviews the cutting edge research in microwave imaging, electrical impedance tomography, diffuse optical tomography, microwave radiometry, biomagnetic detection, biopotential detection, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal of this paper is to provide biomedical researchers with an in-depth review that includes all main electromagnetic techniques in the literature and the latest progress in each of these techniques.
System architecture and interactivity model for mobile TV applications (2008)

Interactive services and applications for Mobile TV are considered to be one of the promising concepts that offer new opportunities for mass media, mobile and broadcast industry. This article explores the concepts of interactivity, interactive applications and system architecture aspects in interactive mobile TV. It investigates demands and constraints for the software platform of mobile TV, suggests possible solutions for them and proposes prototype software architecture for mobile TV based on this investigation and proposed solutions. Interactivity model for the interactive mobile TV applications is proposed that facilitate the evaluation of these applications to prospect the terminal and server side's requirements. This model has significance because it specifies the overall image of mobile interactive system that will be helpful for defining common application framework based on the user's perception.
A behavioural test method for microprocessors and complex circuits (1984)

ISBN: 0852962894
Interaction of embryonic cell surface and cytoskeleton with extracellular matrix (1982)

Evidence for cell-matrix in vitro and in the embryo is briefly reviewed, and more detailed observations are presented on the reactions of corneal epithelium and mesenchyme to extracellular matrix (ECM). The basal surface of embryonic corneal epithelium blebs when the underlying ECM is removed. If the epithelium is cultured on top of the lens capsule or collagen gel, the basal surface flattens and the cortical cytoskeleton reorganizes to resemble that present in vivo. The basal surface also responds to soluble matrix molecules (types I-IV collagens, laminin, fibronectin), and the cells step up synthesis of corneal stroma as measured by incorporation of proline into collagen. When embryonic corneal fibroblasts are placed on top of hydrated gels they tend to burrow into the gel rather than sitting on top as does epithelium. When grown inside collagen gels, these mesenchymal cells elongate and the entire cell surface and cytoskeleton organize in response to matrix. Stress fibers and ruffling membranes characterize the cells grown on glass. When embryonic lens or corneal epithelial are place within, instead of on top of, collagen gels, they give rise to mesenchyme-like cells from their apical surfaces. In vivo, these epithelia do not give rise to mesenchyme. The rules for epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in vivo are discussed in relation to these observations on cell-matrix interaction.
Turkey Egg Weight Losses and Embryonic Mortality During Incubation , (1982)

Shell conductances (mg H2 O·day–1 ·torr–1) of fertile and infertile turkey eggs did not differ significantly after days 7, 14, 21, or 25 of incubation. Furthermore, conductances of eggs that subsequently hatched, contained early dead embryos, or contained late dead embryos did not differ significantly before 7 days of incubation. For the incubation periods 7 to 14, 14 to 21, and 21 to 25 days, eggs with embryos dying late in the course of incubation had significantly lower conductances than eggs with embryos that subsequently hatched or eggs that had died early during development. Fertile and infertile eggs did not differ significantly in egg weight, surface area, percentage of initial egg mass lost during incubation, or amount of water vapor lost per square centimeter of surface area. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between eggs with embryos that hatched normally and eggs with embryos dying early in incubation for any of the aforementioned parameters, but eggs with embryos dying late in incubation had significantly lower percentage of initial egg mass lost and lower amounts of water vapor lost per square centimeter of surface area. Eggs exhibiting late embryonic mortality had the same egg weights and surface areas as the other hatchability groups. It was concluded that gaseous conductance of some turkey eggshells is insufficient to meet embryonic demands late in incubation.
Drone-borne transient electromagnetic system and its application in UXO detection (2018)

Drone-borne TEM detection system, a miniature version of airborne TEM system, which used drone carrying a small transmitter coil and receiver coil for airborne transient electromagnetic data collected, was exploited to mitigate natural or artificial disasters such as unexploded ordnance (UXO) and ground fissure. The system was designed to survey shallow resistivity structures in inaccessible arrears such as minefield. In this paper, the system was applied to UXO detection. Compared with ground-based TEM, the system is highly efficiency and safety. Compared with traditional airborne TEM, it has more advantages for the exploration of medium-scale shallow target, such as low cost and high safety. In this paper, applying the numerical method to simulate the application of drone-borne transient electromagnetic system in the UXO detection, and the device is experimented in actual work. Both the results of numerical simulation and measured data show that this system is efficient and safe for the UXO survey. It is expected that the method in this paper would play an important role in the detection of near surface and UXO detection. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 16, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: Poster Station 4 Presentation Type: Poster
Novel brain 14‐3‐3 interacting proteins involved in neurodegenerative disease (2005)

We isolated two novel 14-3-3 binding proteins using 14-3-3 zeta as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human brain cDNA library. One of these encoded the C-terminus of a neural specific armadillo-repeat protein, delta-catenin (neural plakophilin-related arm-repeat protein or neurojungin). delta-Catenin from brain lysates was retained on a 14-3-3 affinity column. Mutation of serine 1072 in the human protein and serine 1094 in the equivalent site in the mouse homologue (in a consensus binding motif for 14-3-3) abolished 14-3-3 binding to delta-catenin in vitro and in transfected cells. delta-catenin binds to presenilin-1, encoded by the gene most commonly mutated in familial Alzheimer's disease. The other clone was identified as the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate protein of 53 kDa (IRSp53). Human IRSp53 interacts with the gene product implicated in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with glutamine repeat expansion of atrophin-1.
Active knowledge (2010)

The proliferation of knowledge-sharing communities and the advances in information extraction have enabled the construction of large knowledge bases using the RDF data model to represent entities and relationships. However, as the Web and its latently embedded facts evolve, a knowledge base can never be complete and up-to-date. On the other hand, a rapidly increasing suite of Web services provide access to timely and high-quality information, but this is encapsulated by the service interface. We propose to leverage the information that could be dynamically obtained from Web services in order to enrich RDF knowledge bases on the fly whenever the knowledge base does not suffice to answer a user query.
A Utility-Aware Visual Approach for Anonymizing Multi-Attribute Tabular Data (2017)

Sharing data for public usage requires sanitization to prevent sensitive information from leaking. Previous studies have presented methods for creating privacy preserving visualizations. However, few of them provide sufficient feedback to users on how much utility is reduced (or preserved) during such a process. To address this, we design a visual interface along with a data manipulation pipeline that allows users to gauge utility loss while interactively and iteratively handling privacy issues in their data. Widely known and discussed types of privacy models, i.e., syntactic anonymity and differential privacy, are integrated and compared under different use case scenarios. Case study results on a variety of examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Significance of Respirasomes for the Assembly/Stability of Human Respiratory Chain Complex I (2004)

We showed that the human respiratory chain is organized in supramolecular assemblies of respiratory chain complexes, the respirasomes. The mitochondrial complexes I (NADH dehydrogenase) and III (cytochrome c reductase) form a stable core respirasome to which complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) can also bind. An analysis of the state of respirasomes in patients with an isolated deficiency of single complexes provided evidence that the formation of respirasomes is essential for the assembly/stability of complex I, the major entry point of respiratory chain substrates. Genetic alterations leading to a loss of complex III prevented respirasome formation and led to the secondary loss of complex I. Therefore, primary complex III assembly deficiencies presented as combined complex III/I defects. This dependence of complex I assembly/stability on respirasome formation has important implications for the diagnosis of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders.
Analyses of Rear-End Crashes Based on Classification Tree Models (2006)

Combined with the quasi-induced exposure concept, the classification tree method is a proper statistical tool for traffic-safety analysis to investigate crash propensity. Compared to the logistic regression models, tree models have advantages for handling continuous independent variables and easily explaining the complex interaction effect with more than two independent variables. This research recommended that at signalized intersections with higher speed limits, reducing the speed limit to 40 mph efficiently contribute to a lower accident rate. Drivers involved in alcohol use may increase not only rear-end crash risk but also the driver injury severity. Education and enforcement countermeasures should focus on the driver group younger than 21 years. Further studies are suggested to compare crash risk distributions of the driver age for other main crash types to seek corresponding traffic countermeasures.
Hedonic-Specific Activity in Piriform Cortex During Odor Imagery Mimics That During Odor Perception (2007)

Although it is known that visual imagery is accompanied by activity in visual cortical areas, including primary visual cortex, whether olfactory imagery exists remains controversial. Here we asked whether cue-dependent olfactory imagery was similarly accompanied by activity in olfactory cortex, and in particular whether hedonic-specific patterns of activity evident in olfactory perception would also be present during olfactory imagery. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure activity in subjects who alternated between smelling and imagining pleasant and unpleasant odors. Activity induced by imagining odors mimicked that induced by perceiving real odorants, not only in the particular brain regions activated, but also in its hedonic-specific pattern. For both real and imagined odors, unpleasant stimuli induced greater activity than pleasant stimuli in the left frontal portion of piriform cortex and left insula. These findings combine with findings from other modalities to suggest activation of primary sensory cortical structures during mental imagery of sensory events.
Hi Neighbor 1059. United States Committee for UNICEF. (United Nations, New York.) 10 in. LP. (1960)

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Neutron diffraction from benzene adsorbed on graphite (1980)

Neutron diffraction has been used to determine the structural properties of benzene adsorbed on graphitized carbon black at coverages of 0.4 to 1.2 monolayers and temperatures from 100 to 200 K.Benzene adsorbs on the basal planes of graphite to form a two-dimensional monolayer in which all the molecules lie flat, or very nearly so, with a molecular area of 37 Å2. At low coverages and low temperatures the molecules aggregate in two-dimensional clusters rather than spreading over the surface to form a lattice gas.Above a monolayer and at 100 K, any excess benzene in the system nucleates to form crystallites of normal orthorhombic benzene without disturbing the monolayer already present. There is therefore no structural phase change in the two-dimensional monolayer at higher coverages.At 200 K the benzene forms a two-dimensional fluid at all the coverages studied. At low coverages the molecules in the fluid remain flat on the surface but at higher coverages they have greater orientational freedom.
NF-κB Activation in Tumor Necrosis Factor α-stimulated Neutrophils Is Mediated by Protein Kinase Cδ (2001)

The transcription factor NF-kappaB is critical for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses and apoptosis. However, the signal transduction pathways regulating NF-kappaB activation in human neutrophils in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) are undefined. Since recent studies implicated activation of NF-kappaB as well as protein kinase C-delta (PKCdelta) in neutrophil apoptosis, we investigated involvement of PKCdelta in the activation of NF-kappaB in TNFalpha-stimulated neutrophils. Specific inhibition of PKCdelta by rottlerin prevented IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB activation in TNFalpha-stimulated neutrophils. This regulation of NF-kappaB activation by PKCdelta was specific only for TNFalpha signaling, since lipopolysaccharide- or interleukin-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation and IkappaBalpha degradation were not inhibited by rottlerin. In addition, we show that in human neutrophils, but not monocytes, IkappaBalpha localizes in significant amounts in the nucleus of unstimulated cells, and the amount of IkappaBalpha in the nucleus, as well as in the cytoplasm, correlates with the NF-kappaB DNA binding. These results suggest that in human neutrophils, the presence of IkappaBalpha in the nucleus may function as a safeguard against initiation of NF-kappaB dependent transcription of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes, and represents a distinct and novel mechanism of NF-kappaB regulation.
<i>In Vivo</i> Bioluminescence Imaging To Evaluate Systemic and Topical Antibiotics against Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Skin Wounds in Mice (2012)

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) frequently causes skin and soft tissue infections, including impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, and infected wounds and ulcers. Uncomplicated CA-MRSA skin infections are typically managed in an outpatient setting with oral and topical antibiotics and/or incision and drainage, whereas complicated skin infections often require hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of CA-MRSA wound infection to compare the efficacy of commonly used systemic and topical antibiotics. A bioluminescent USA300 CA-MRSA strain was inoculated into full-thickness scalpel wounds on the backs of mice and digital photography/image analysis and in vivo bioluminescence imaging were used to measure wound healing and the bacterial burden. Subcutaneous vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid similarly reduced the lesion sizes and bacterial burden. Oral linezolid, clindamycin, and doxycycline all decreased the lesion sizes and bacterial burden. Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased the bacterial burden but did not decrease the lesion size. Topical mupirocin and retapamulin ointments both reduced the bacterial burden. However, the petrolatum vehicle ointment for retapamulin, but not the polyethylene glycol vehicle ointment for mupirocin, promoted wound healing and initially increased the bacterial burden. Finally, in type 2 diabetic mice, subcutaneous linezolid and daptomycin had the most rapid therapeutic effect compared with vancomycin. Taken together, this mouse model of CA-MRSA wound infection, which utilizes in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor the bacterial burden, represents an alternative method to evaluate the preclinical in vivo efficacy of systemic and topical antimicrobial agents.
A Simple Efficient Process for the Synthesis of 16-Dehydropregnenolone Acetate(16-Dpa)–A Key Steroid Drug Intermediate from Diosgenin (2011)

A three step efficient synthesis for the commercial production of 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA)-a potent steroid drug intermediate, from diosgenin, in an overall yield of 60%, has been developed, through generation of acetylonium ion (CH3C+=O) in optimum concentration from acetic anhydride using in the molar ratio of 1:3.5(diosgenin:Ac2O) in a pressure reactor in a medium of a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature in the range of 200oC with the corresponding in-built pressure of 5-6kg/cm2 (Step 1) and an ultra sound irradiated (35 KHz) oxidation reaction (Step 2).