gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a time-division multiplexing scan architecture using serializer and deserializer in GPU chips (2011)

We present the design and implementation details of a time-division demultiplexing/multiplexing based scan architecture using serializer/deserializer. This is one of the key DFT features implemented on NVIDIA's Fermi family GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) chips. We provide a comprehensive description on the architecture and specifications. We also depict a compact serializer/deserializer module design, test timing consideration, design rule and test pattern verification. Finally, we show silicon data collected from Fermi GPUs.
Clinical Relevance of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 in the Urine of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1997)

To assess the clinical relevance of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the urine of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), TGF-beta 1 was measured, by radioimmunoassay, in 140 patients with HCC, 50 cirrhotic patients, 30 patients with chronic active hepatitis, and 50 healthy controls. The results indicate that there were significantly increased urinary TGF-beta 1 levels in patients with HCC. Raised TGF-beta 1 levels were associated, in a dose-related fashion, with increased risk for development of HCC (odds ratio, 1.05, 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.07). HCC patients with raised TGF-beta 1 levels had shorter survival than those with normal TGF-beta 1 levels (p = 0.038). TGF-beta 1 levels decreased after successful anticancer therapy (p < 0.0001). There was an inverse correlation between TGF-beta 1 and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (r = -0.199, p < 0.04). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis indicated that parallel determination of TGF-beta 1 and AFP significantly increased the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy, with a high specificity. In conclusion, raised urinary TGF-beta 1 was associated with HCC development. It is a predictor of poor prognosis, and a tumor marker for diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up of HCC.
Studies on the the Isoleucine Fermentation (1962)

Accumulation of L-isoleucine and L-valine was studied on 14 genera, 47 species and 110 strains of aerobic bacteria using bacterial type cultures. A large amount of L-isoleucine and a small amount of L-valine accumulated when 1% of DL-α-aminobutyric acid was added to the culture medium. As a rule, facultative aerobes such as Aerobacter, Erwinia, Serratia and Bacillus showed good accumulation. In the absence of α-aminobutyric acid, powerful L-isoleucine accumulators produced a large amount of L-valine, although the accumulation of Lisoleucine was scarcely observed under that condition. In the presence of α-aminobutyric acid, the accumulation of L-valine was generally suppressed, but in several strains, on the contrary, the accumulation increased as well as that of L-isoleucine. When DL-threonine was used instead of α-aminobutyric acid, the amount of L-isoleucine accumulated was not as high as that with α-aminobutyric acid in almost all strains except Serratia marcescens. It was concluded that a distinct relationship between bacterial genera or species and accumulation of L-isoleucine did not exist, that is, powerful accumulators were limited to special strains, and that the addition of α-aminobutyric acid was necessary for the accumulation of a large amount of L-isoleucine.
1,2,4,3λ3-Triazaphosphole durch reduktive (σ4 → σ2)-Eliminierung am Phosphor (1977)

Reduktive Eliminierungen vom vierfach zum zweifach gebundenen Phosphor waren bisher nur bei Phosphabenzolen bekannt. Der erste andere Fall wurde im 1,2,4,3-Triazaphospholsystem beobachtet, z. B. bei der Reaktionsfolge (1) → (2) → (3).
A 50 MHz variable gain amplifier cell in 2 mu m CMOS (2002)

A CMOS variable gain amplifier is described for possible use in disk drive read channels. The 0.9 mm/sup 2/ cell attains a 30-dB range of variable gain with a 50-MHz bandwidth, requires a single 5-V supply, and dissipates 150 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stretchable Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Wavy-Dimensional Elastomer Substrates Using Stiff-Island Structures (2014)

Stretchable organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated on the polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrates by employing the wavy-dimensional and polyimide stiff-island structures. A low-temperature solution process was also designed to obtain high strain profiles. The endurable maximum strains were estimated to be 2.28, 9.70, and 9.32% for the OTFTs formed on the flat, 1D-, and 2D-wavy PDMS elastomers, respectively. The field-effect mobilities were obtained to be 5 ~ 7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for all devices and they did not exhibit any degradation under the stretchable conditions before the fracture. The results suggest that the proposed methodologies were quite suitable for high-performance stretchable OTFTs.
DNA Sequence of the Major Capsid Protein Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (1986)

The DNA sequence of the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoding the major capsid protein was determined. The predicted protein contains 1374 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 149,075. Comparisons of the amino acid sequence of this protein with those predicted from the published DNA sequences of two other herpesviruses, varicella-zoster virus and Epstein-Barr virus, resulted in the identification of the major capsid protein gene in each genome.
Real-time microvision system with three-dimensional integration structure (2002)

A number of two-dimensional LSIs (2D-LSIs) with the thickness of around 30 /spl mu/m which amplify and convert image signals and perform some arithmetic operations are integrated vertically in order to achieve a real-time microvision system. This microvision system transfers the two-dimensional (2D) image data arrays as it is using high density vertical interconnections. So, the image information signals are processed in parallel in each LSI and the processings are performed in pipelines over all the system. In this study we design the test chip which performs edge detection by Laplacian operator. In CAD simulation, the processing time of the edge detection takes about 10 /spl mu/sec using 2 /spl mu/m CMOS design rule. In fabrication, grinding and chemical-mechanical polishing techniques are used to thin the wafer to 30 /spl mu/m. The thinned wafer with buried interconnections is bonded vertically to a thick wafer through micro-bumps after careful alignment by the newly developed wafer aligner with the alignment tolerance of 1 /spl mu/m. The microvision system with 3D integration structure can be fabricated by repeating such sequences.
Molecular pathobiology of hookworm infection. (1995)

Within the past 2 years, progress has been made in the identification, isolation, and cDNA cloning of several macromolecules from hookworms. While the predicted amino acid sequences of some cDNAs resemble those from other nematodes, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, other cDNAs are unique to hookworms. Studies are under way to evaluate the function of these recombinant hookworm polypeptides with respect to the biology of hookworms in experimental animal models. The recombinant polypeptides are also under evaluation as vaccine targets and as natural products used in the treatment of human cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.
A mm-wave analog adaptive array with genetic algorithm for interference mitigation (2012)

In the future dense 60 GHz wireless environments, co-channel interference (CCI) is a potential problem that degrades the link quality. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) assisted analog adaptive array is proposed for 60 GHz indoor applications to mitigate the CCI. The GA optimizes the weights on each receiver path to attenuate CCI from different directions and improve signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) with robustness. We make two further improvements for better spatial re-use. First, we take into account the trade-off between array gain at the desired direction and interference suppression by proposing adaptivity on the weights control in GA. By adaptively increasing phase perturbation, near-optimum SINR can be achieved for different interference situations. Secondly, in some cases, the link requires less receiver paths than available, e.g. for line-of-sight links. So instead of using fixed antennas, we further propose antenna selection in the GA. A further improvement on spatial re-use can be achieved compared to arrays with fixed uniform spacing.
Regulation of Adhesion Dynamics by Calpain-mediated Proteolysis of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) (2010)

The coordinated and dynamic regulation of adhesions is required for cell migration. We demonstrated previously that limited proteolysis of talin1 by the calcium-dependent protease calpain 2 plays a critical role in adhesion disassembly in fibroblasts (Franco, S. J., Rodgers, M. A., Perrin, B. J., Han, J., Bennin, D. A., Critchley, D. R., and Huttenlocher, A. (2004) Nat. Cell Biol. 6, 977-983). However, little is known about the contribution of other calpain substrates to the regulation of adhesion dynamics. We now provide evidence that calpain 2-mediated proteolysis of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates adhesion dynamics in motile cells. We mapped the preferred calpain cleavage site between the two C-terminal proline-rich regions after Ser-745, resulting in a C-terminal fragment similar in size to the FAK-related non-kinase (FRNK). We generated mutant FAK with a point mutation (V744G) that renders FAK resistant to calpain proteolysis but retains other biochemical properties of FAK. Using time-lapse microscopy, we show that the dynamics of green fluorescent protein-talin1 are impaired in FAK-deficient cells. Expression of wild-type but not calpain-resistant FAK rescues talin dynamics in FAK-deficient cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel role for calpain proteolysis of FAK in regulating adhesion dynamics in motile cells.
A numerical method for estimating blood flow by dynamic functional imaging (2001)

We present a numerical deconvolution scheme for estimating regional blood flow and tissue retention functions by dynamic functional imaging. The present approach implements the Tikhonov-Miller regularization in general form, which allows for prior knowledge or assumptions to be incorporated during the deconvolution process, so as to stabilize the solution against variations due to noise. Appropriate approximations and simplifications in the context of functional imaging, were also introduced to ease numerical computations. Monte Carlo simulation experiments were carried out to study the applicability of the present approach and to compare with other deconvolution techniques previously studied.
Outdoor-to-indoor channels at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz for geolocation applications (2011)

Time Based (TB) localization in terrestrial mobile radio as an augmentation for global navigation satellite systems has recently gained plenty of interests. As an essential tool to develop suitable algorithms for positioning applications in mobile radios, channel models for wireless transmissions have growing significance. Currently there is a lack of investigations on comparing the propagation characteristics at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz for positioning applications. Therefore, we present a statistic evaluation based on a channel measurement campaign. Several propagation characteristics are researched like the received power and the delay spread. While some measures like the received power is carrier frequency dependent, most of the measures like the non line-of-sight bias or the delay spread are independent of this measurement parameter. Instead they are more influenced by the location and the environment.
B‐cell activation by T‐cell‐independent type 2 antigens as an integral part of the humoral immune response to pathogenic microorganisms (2000)

Antigens that are expressed on the surface of pathogens in an organized, highly repetitive form can activate specific B cells by cross-linking of antigen receptors in a multivalent fashion. B cells respond to these multivalent antigens in the absence of MHC class II-restricted T-cell help by a mechanism that depends on the expression of a functional Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Accordingly, this class of immunogens has been designated T-cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens. The unique properties of the B-cell response to TI-2 antigens are critically dependent on the formation of a small number of antigen receptor clusters, each of which contains approximately 10 to 20 antigen-bound membrane Ig (mIg) molecules. These clusters induce local membrane association of multiple activated Btk molecules, which results in long-term mobilization of intracellular ionized calcium. Such persistent calcium fluxes efficiently recruit transcription factors and thereby induce T-cell-independent B-cell activation and proliferation. While this first signal of multivalent mIg cross-linking can induce B-cell proliferation, we propose that a second signal is required for a TI-2 Ig secretory response. We have found that engagement of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family could provide second signals that selectively induce Ig secretion in B cells that were activated by multivalent, but not by bivalent, antigen receptor engagement. This finding demonstrates a general mechanism by which TLRs recognize molecular motifs on the surface of pathogens and provide the TI-2-activated B cell with a second signal. In addition, TLR-dependent recognition of these non-self motifs by cells of the innate immune system can induce these cells to provide alternative and/or additional second signals in the TI-2 response. The complement system provides another link between the B cell and the innate immune system, and facilitates the mIg signal transduction by recruitment of CD21 in the immune response. Thus, the TI-2 response provides the host with a combination of "the best of both worlds": the recruitment of the fine specificity of the adaptive immune response and the utilization of both the speed of the innate immune system and the wealth of cytokines produced by its member cells upon stimulation by pathogenic organisms or their products. By combining these two pathways, the TI-2 response enables the host to rapidly produce antigen-specific Ig effector molecules that can be secreted at a sufficient rate to keep up with the rapid multiplication of invading infectious microorganisms, and will also prevent the intracellular spreading of a significant part of this population.
Comparing FCFS &#x00026; EDF scheduling algorithms for real-time packet switching networks (2010)

Nowadays, most of the computerized network applications are depending on the ability of the servicing packet switching network to integrate different types of traffic from two main categories, real-time and best-effort classes, and provide different QoS guarantees based on the traffic type. Different methods were applied to provide such guarantees, one of the most efficient method used in packet switching networks is the use of the proper scheduling algorithms. In this paper we have studied two main schedulers, The First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduler which is commonly used in best-effort networks where no QoS guarantees are required, and the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduler which is mostly used to provide different QoS requirements for real-time traffic while continuing to provide a service for best effort data traffic. Three main QoS guarantees had been studied (miss ratio, delay, and average size of the buffer) by using these two scheduler on a set of data packets from two main categories (real-time and best-effort). The study shows the efficiency of using the EDF scheduler in a hybrid network to provide such QoS guarantees among the FCFS scheduler which is more efficient for serving best-effort data traffic.
Sixteen–Detector Row CT of Abdomen and Pelvis: Study for Optimization of Z-Axis Modulation Technique Performed in 153 Patients (2004)

Use of a 15.0-HU noise index at 75-380 mA results in acceptable subjective image noise and diagnostic acceptability but significantly greater objective image noise at routine abdominal-pelvic CT. For greater image quality demands, a noise index of 12.5 HU results in acceptable image quality and a 19.6% reduction in radiation exposure.
17.2: White OLED Structures using Molecularly Doped Charge Transport Layers (2006)

Abstract White emitter systems are studied in OLED using doped charge transport layers. Mature fluorescent white diodes combining high efficiency with lifetimes exceeding 10,000h at a brightness of 1000 cd/m 2 are reported. Stacked devices for applications requiring a high color rendering index perform at a current efficiency of 80 cd/A and power efficiency of 23 lm/W at 1000 cd/m 2 with the lifetime exceeding 10,000h at 1000 cd/m 2 . Efforts towards top‐emission white OLED and white OLED for passive matrix applications yield promising results.
Lanthanide selective sorbents: self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS) (2004)

Through the marriage of mesoporous ceramics with self-assembled monolayer chemistry, the genesis of a powerful new class of environmental sorbent materials has been realized. By coating the mesoporous ceramic backbone with a monolayer terminated with a lanthanide-selective ligand, it is possible to couple high lanthanide binding affinity with the high loading capacity (resulting from the extremely high surface area of the support). This lanthanide-selective ligand field is created by pairing a “hard” anionic Lewis base with a suitable synergistic ligand, in a favorable chelating geometry. Details of the synthesis, characterization, lanthanide binding studies, binding kinetics, competition experiments and sorbent regeneration studies are summarized.
Image Retrieval-Based Decision Support System for Dermatoscopic Images (2006)

This paper presents a content-based image retrieval system for dermatoscopic images as a diagnostic aid to the dermatologists for skin cancer recognition. In this context, the ultimate aim is to support decision making by locating, retrieving and displaying relevant past cases along with diagnostic reports. However, most challenging aspect in this domain is to extract local lesion specific image features and define the relevance between query and database images for retrieval. A fast and automatic segmentation method to detect the lesion from background healthy skin is proposed. This method first transforms a color image into an intensity image by utilizing domain specific image properties and NBS color distance in HVC color space. Lesion mask is detected by fusing individually segmented images based on iterative thresholding. Lesion specific local color and texture features are extracted and represented in the form of mean and variance-covariance of color channels and in a reduced PCA sub-space. Finally, for effective image retrieval, a similarity matching function is defined based on the fusion of a Bhattacharyya and Euclidean distance metric. The performance of the retrieval system is evaluated using average precision on a collection of 358 images, which demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed approach
Estrogen Regulation and Physiopathologic Significance of Alternative Promoters in Breast Cancer (2010)

Alternative promoters (AP) occur in >30% protein-coding genes and contribute to proteome diversity. However, large-scale analyses of AP regulation are lacking, and little is known about their potential physiopathologic significance. To better understand the transcriptomic effect of estrogens, which play a major role in breast cancer, we analyzed gene and AP regulation by estradiol in MCF7 cells using pan-genomic exon arrays. We thereby identified novel estrogen-regulated genes (ERG) and determined the regulation of AP-encoded transcripts in 150 regulated genes. In <30% cases, APs were regulated in a similar manner by estradiol, whereas in >70% cases, they were regulated differentially. The patterns of AP regulation correlated with the patterns of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites at regulated gene loci. Interestingly, among genes with differentially regulated (DR) APs, we identified cases where estradiol regulated APs in an opposite manner, sometimes without affecting global gene expression levels. This promoter switch was mediated by the DDX5/DDX17 family of ERalpha coregulators. Finally, genes with DR promoters were preferentially involved in specific processes (e.g., cell structure and motility, and cell cycle). We show, in particular, that isoforms encoded by the NET1 gene APs, which are inversely regulated by estradiol, play distinct roles in cell adhesion and cell cycle regulation and that their expression is differentially associated with prognosis in ER(+) breast cancer. Altogether, this study identifies the patterns of AP regulation in ERGs and shows the contribution of AP-encoded isoforms to the estradiol-regulated transcriptome as well as their physiopathologic significance in breast cancer.
Preparation of Novel Hexythiazox Analogues (1997)

Novel analogues of the title compound were prepared in several steps: via addition of methylmagnesium iodide to an acetamide derivative to yield diastereomeric amino alcohols, followed by hydrolysis, cyclization to the corresponding oxazole or thiazole derivative, and a coupling reaction with isocyanates. Results from acaricidal tests showed the compounds to be 100 times less active than hexythiazox. © 1997 SCI.
Toll-Like Receptors Expression and Signaling in Glia Cells in Neuro-Amyloidogenic Diseases: Towards Future Therapeutic Application (2010)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to be expressed by innate immune response cells and to play a critical role in their activation against foreign pathogens. It was recently suggested that TLRs have an important role in the crosstalk between neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). TLR signaling was reported to be associated with a yin-yang effect in the CNS. While TLR signaling was linked to neurogenesis, it was also found to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This paper will focus on TLR signaling in glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Understanding the pattern of TLR signaling in the glial cells may lead to the identification of new targets for therapeutic application.
Sequence-based prediction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targets using a mass spectrometry-based bioinformatics predictor identifies immunogenic T cell epitopes (2020)

Using our bioinformatics platform, we identify multiple putative epitopes that are potential targets for CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, whose HLA binding properties cover nearly the entire population. We also confirm that our binding predictors can predict epitopes eliciting CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses from multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Protein expression and population HLA allele coverage, combined with the ability to identify T cell epitopes, should be considered in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design strategies and immune monitoring.