gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilic Self-Replenishing Coatings with Long-Term Water Stability for Anti-Fouling Applications (2018)

Hydrophilic coatings have recently emerged as a new approach to avoiding the adhesion of (bio)organisms on surfaces immersed in water. In these coatings the hydrophilic character is crucial for the anti-fouling (AF) performance. However, this property can be rapidly lost due to the inevitable damages which occur at the surface, reducing the long-term effectiveness of the AF functionality. We report hydrophilic polycarbonate-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) polyurethane coatings with tunable hydrophilic properties as well as an excellent and long-term stability in water. The coatings exhibit low protein adhesion values and are able to self-replenish their hydrophilicity after damage, due to the existence of a reservoir of hydrophilic dangling chains incorporated in the bulk. The combination of low Tg and sufficient mobility of the mPEG dangling chains (enabled by chains with higher molecular weight) proved to be crucial to ensure autonomous surface hydrophilicity recovery when the coatings were immersed in water. This coatings and design approach offers new possibilities towards high-performance AF coatings with an extended service life-time which can be used in several major applications areas, such as marine and biomedical coatings, with major economic and environmental benefits.
CANDOS Experiment Overview (2002)

The Communications and Navigation Demonstration On Shuttle (CANDOS) experiment will be onboard STS-107 as part of the Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research (FREESTAR) HitchHiker Payload. The flight hardware consists of a first generation Low Power Transceiver (LPT) integrated with a commercial processor board functioning as the flight computer, along with an S-Band High Gain Transmit Antenna, an S-Band Low Gain Transmit Antenna, an S-Band Receive Antenna, and a GPS Receive Antenna. The LPT development by ITT Industries has been sponsored by the NASA Office of Space Flight. The CANDOS experiments include SN communications, GN communications, Space-based Range Safety, GPS Navigation, Mobile IP, and other IP in Space Applications. This paper will present an overview of the CANDOS experiment, including descriptions of the flight hardware, ground station configurations, and IP operations. During the course of the sixteen-day mission, the LPT will be communicating via S-Band at data rates up to 128 kbps alternately through TDRSS, as well as the Dryden, MILA, and Wallops Ground Stations, demonstrating both spread spectrum TDRSS mode operations and phase modulation-based GN operations. For the Range Safety demonstrations, the LPT will be receiving two simultaneous TDRSS mode signals – one from a TDRS and the other from the Dryden ground station. The LPT is also capable of receiving and processing multiple GPS signals, while still supporting the SBand links. The flight computer, internal to the LPT, will be using the GPS-Enhanced Orbit Determination (GEODE) software to process the GPS data. GEODE is a product of the GSFC Guidance, Navigation & Control Center. The flight computer will be running the Linux operating system and using Mobile IP over all of the RF links. This flight will be the first orbiting Mobile IP user to use NASA networks. As each TDRSS or ground station contact starts, the flight computer will work with the ground routers to automatically route all data to and from the CANDOS experiment without any reconfiguration or scheduling. IP-based applications onboard CANDOS will perform typical command and telemetry operations as well as file transfers. The GSFC Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI) project and the Glenn Research Center Space Communications Program are both co-collaborators for the IP experiments.
Load Rating and Retrofit Testing of Bridge Timber Piles Subjected to Eccentric Loading (2012)

This report first evaluated the load rating procedure currently in use by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) for rating timber piles supporting multiple-span, simply supported bridges. For simplicity, these piles are often rated under concentric loads, and the effect of bending in the piles is neglected. Recent studies have shown, however, that under highly eccentric live loads, the effect of bending moments in the piles is of great importance and could have an impact on the piles’ load rating. The report proposed an alternative structural load rating method for timber piles based on the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS), which took into consideration the effect of combined compression-flexure behavior of piles. This method was used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the effect of several geometric and structural parameters on the load rating of bridge timber piles using 3-D finite element models of concrete deck bridges supported on groups of timber piles. The results showed that the proposed load rating method produced significantly lower ratings for piles with moderate to high levels of deterioration, as compared to the ratings obtained using the conventional approach. Among the studied parameters, the length of piles was found to have the most significant impact on the load rating of the piles. The report also presents a study on examining a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-based retrofitting method for timber piles subjected to combined axial and bending loading. A total of twenty pile specimens were tested in the study, four under compression-only load and sixteen under compression-flexure load. Each specimen was tested twice, before and after retrofitting with glass FRP (GFRP) or carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets. To assess the impact of realistic field conditions, different details of the FRP retrofit technique were investigated, including using mortar shell, introducing a mortar-filled wedge in the tested specimen to mimic the effect of decayed wood, and “posting” the piles with nails instead of steel drift pins. The test results showed that the strength of the tested specimens using the proposed GFRP retrofit technique was fully recovered or even enhanced compared to that of the unretrofitted specimens, regardless of the retrofit details adopted in the tests. On average, specimens retrofitted with GFRPs showed strength 10% greater than that of unretrofitted specimens. The behavior of CFRP sheets, however, was less satisfactory due to the small thickness of the CFRP shell used as a result of the high strength of CFRP compared to GFRP. It was also found from the study that using mortar shell along with FRP sheets helped enhance the stiffness of the retrofitted pile. Finally, linear regression analysis was conducted on the test data to develop a formula that could be used for the design of FRP retrofit for bridge timber piles subjected to axial-bending loading.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/SiO2 nano composites for solar cell applications (2012)

The use of titania–silica in photocatalytic process has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional TiO2 catalysts. Mesoporous materials have been of great interest as catalysts because of their unique textural and structural properties. Mesoporous TiO2, SiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by sol–gel method using titanium (IV) isopropoxide, tetra-ethylorthosilicate as starting materials. The synthesized samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauett–Emmett–Teller and field-dependent photoconductivity. The UV–Vis spectrum of as-synthesized samples shows similar absorption in the visible range. The crystallite size of the as-synthesized samples was calculated by Scherrer’s formula. The BET surface area for TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite is found to be 303 m2/g and pore size distribution has average pore diameter about 10 nm. It also confirms the absence of macropores and the presence of micro and mesopores. The field-dependent photoconductivity of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite shows nearly 300 folds more than that of TiO2 nanoparticle for a field of 800 V/cm.
Widersprüchliche Tendenzen der Entwicklung des Bildungsmonopols in der BRD (1988)

Der Autor bespricht widersprüchliche Tendenzen der Bildungspolitik in der BRD seit Mitte der Achtziger Jahre. Insbesondere betrachtet er das "Bildungsmonopol" als "eine der zentralen Kategorien für die Analyse und Bewertung der sozialpolitischen Qualität und Richtung der Entwicklung des Bildungswesens". Zunächst wird die "Tendenz der Verschärfung des Bildungsmonopols" mit Hilfe von fünf Prozessen und Merkmalen charakterisiert. Danach werden die sechs Merkmale und Prozesse der "(entgegenwirkende[n]) Tendenz der 'Öffnung des Bildungsmonopols'" erörtert. Schließlich resümiert der Autor, dass "die konservative Tendenzwende in der Bildungs- und Schulpolitik [der BRD] nach wie vor bestimmend ist", dass sie aber auch "immer mehr auf objektive und subjektive Grenzen trifft". (DIPF/ssch.)
Adenovirus-mediated Expression of Aquaporin-5 in Epithelial Cells (1996)

A recombinant adenovirus coding for rat aquaporin-5 was constructed and plaque purified. The recombinant adenovirus (AdrAQP5) mediated the expression of aquaporin-5 in rat and human salivary cell lines and in dog kidney cells in vitro as demonstrated by Northern blot and Western blot analyses, and by confocal microscopy after immunofluorescent labeling. In kidney cells, expression of the transgene was optimal if cells were infected at their basolateral surface, a phenomenon associated with the distribution of integrin receptors on these cells. The expressed aquaporin-5 protein was functionally active because viral-mediated gene transfer resulted in a significant increase in the osmotically directed net fluid secretion rate across monolayers of kidney cells. AdrAQP5 should provide an efficient and useful means to impart facilitated water permeability to cells lacking such a pathway.
Improvements on a gravity-driven low-rate particle feeder (2009)

A gravity-driven particle feeder has been modified to achieve sustained operation at steady rates. Particle reservoirs and rod for controlling the nozzle opening are completely redesigned. Particle attrition and rod wobbling are the two main contributors to the feed instabilities. They, in turn, are affected by the height of the particle bed, particle contact time with the moving rod, strength of the magnetic field, and the weight, shape, and position of the rod in the magnetic field. A secondary reservoir minimizes the residence time of particles in the main reservoir. Its shape, orientation, and connection with the main reservoir have profound influences on the feeding stabilities. Tests have been conducted with particles of different types, sizes, and feed rates; results showed good long-term and short-term stabilities.
Combustion-Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Metals. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCombustion-Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Metals.K. E. Burke and C. M. DavisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 13, 1747–1751Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60193a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60193a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Product Reviews in Mobile Decision Aid Systems. (2005)

Recommender systems provide decision aid and information f iltering functions that have a great potential application in the mobile context. An aspect which has not been extensively exploited, in current recommender systems, are ways to better explain the recommendations, for instance, exploiting the opinion of users about the recommended products. In this paper we shall describe the foundations for a mobile product recommender system which incorporates both structured (supplier driven) product descriptions and more subjective product knowledge, provided by users reviews. We think this type of recommendation technology could be especially useful in the mobile context, where people must take decisions in a rather short period of time, with a limited availability of product information, and with limited device capabilities.
Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals (2017)

Regulatory Considerations for the Chromatographer, John A. Adamovics Sample Treatment, John A. Adamovics Planar Chromatography, John A. Adamovics and James C. Eschbach Gas Chromatography, John A. Adamovics and James C. Eschbach High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, John A. Adamovics and Daivd Farb Capillary Electrophoresis, Shelley R. Rabel and John F. Stobaugh Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Bulk and Formulated Pharmaceuticals, James T. Stewart and Nirdosh K. Jagota Applications, John A. Adamovics
An ink-jet head using diaphragm microactuator (2002)

An ink-jet head using a buckling diaphragm microactuator is described. The microactuator is composed of a silicon substrate, silicon dioxide insulator, nickel heater and electro-plated nickel diaphragm. All the edges of the diaphragm are fixed on the substrate and a narrow gap is formed between the diaphragm and the substrate. A nozzle plate is connected to the actuator by an adhesive spacer to get the ink-jet head. An ink chamber is formed by the surfaces of the diaphragm, the nozzle plate, and the side wall of the spacer. When the diaphragm is heated, thermally induced compressive stress causes the diaphragm to buckle rapidly and the diaphragm simultaneously deflects toward the nozzle plate. The deflection raises the pressure in the ink chamber and an ink droplet is then ejected through the nozzle. The ink-jet head has been designed to maximize the droplet velocity, minimize the thermal response of the actuator and optimize the energy consumption needed to eject an ink droplet. The head design was carried out by using mechanical analysis of a buckling model, and heat transfer simulation. The diaphragm made from nickel is 300 /spl mu/m diameter and 2 /spl mu/m-thick. The microactuator has been built using a combination of surface- and bulk-micromachining. An ink droplet has been ejected with a velocity of 8 m/s while the ink-jet head is operated by heating the diaphragm with a current of 510 mA at 16.6 V for 10 /spl mu/s at 1.8 kHz. We assured that no bubble was generated at less than 1.8 kHz. The fabrication process used to make the microactuator is briefly reported.
Susceptibility of <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> to the Antibacterial Activity of Manuka Honey (1994)

Honey is a traditional remedy for dyspepsia, and is still used for this by some medical practitioners although there is no rational basis for its use. The finding that Helicobacter pylori is probably the causative agent in many cases of dyspepsia has raised the possibility that the therapeutic action of honey may be due to its antibacterial properties. Consequently, the sensitivity of Helicobacter pylori to honey was tested, using isolates from biopsies of gastric ulcers. It was found that all five isolates tested were sensitive to a 20% (v/v) solution of manuka honey in an agar well diffusion assay, but none showed sensitivity to a 40% solution of a honey in which the antibacterial activity was due primarily to its content of hydrogen peroxide. Assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration by inclusion of manuka honey in the agar showed that all seven isolates tested had visible growth over the incubation period of 72 h prevented completely by the presence of 5% (v/v) honey.
Erratum: Electromagnetically Induced Quantum Memory [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>92</b>, 043002 (2004)] (2004)

Received 30 April 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.089901©2004 American Physical Society
Removing Batch Effects in Analysis of Expression Microarray Data: An Evaluation of Six Batch Adjustment Methods (2011)

The expression microarray is a frequently used approach to study gene expression on a genome-wide scale. However, the data produced by the thousands of microarray studies published annually are confounded by "batch effects," the systematic error introduced when samples are processed in multiple batches. Although batch effects can be reduced by careful experimental design, they cannot be eliminated unless the whole study is done in a single batch. A number of programs are now available to adjust microarray data for batch effects prior to analysis. We systematically evaluated six of these programs using multiple measures of precision, accuracy and overall performance. ComBat, an Empirical Bayes method, outperformed the other five programs by most metrics. We also showed that it is essential to standardize expression data at the probe level when testing for correlation of expression profiles, due to a sizeable probe effect in microarray data that can inflate the correlation among replicates and unrelated samples.
Who's being swindled?: a case for enlightened naivete (1986)

This paper is concerned with methods of reducing variability and computer time in a simulation study. The Monte Carlo swindle, through mathematical manipulations, has been shown to yield more precise estimates than the “naive” approach. In this study computer time is considered in conjunction with the variance estimates. It is shown that by this measure the naive method is often a viable alternative to the swindle. This study concentrates on the problem of estimating the variance of an estimator of location. The advantage of one technique over another depends upon the location estimator, the sample size, and the underlying distribution. For a fixed number of samples, while the naive method gives a less precise estimate than the swindle, it requires fewer computations. In addition, for certain location estimators and distributions, the naive method is able to take advantage of certain shortcuts in the generation of each sample. The small amount of time required by this “enlightened” naive method often more than compensates for its relative lack of precision.
Monitoring Volcanic Ash from Space (2010)

This report presents the technical results, including lessons learned and recommendations, of the ESA-EUMETSAT workshop on Volcanic Ash Monitoring, which took place on 26 – 27 May 2010 at ESA/ESRIN in Frascati (Italy). 53 invited scientists from Universities, Meteorological Offices, Research Laboratories, national and international Agencies (e.g. DLR, EC, ECMWF, NASA, USGS) from Europe and the United States participated. Appenidx: A successful Falcon measurement flight was performed on 19 April 2010 for probing plumes over Germany from the Iceland Eyjafjoll volcano eruption. Layers of volcanic ash were detected by Lidar and probed in-situ with aerosol instruments. Under suitable viewing conditions, the ash layer was visible as a brownish layer to the observer. The horizontal and vertical distributions of the volcano layers were variable. In the plume layers particles larger than 3μm were detected at concentrations, not present in the free troposphere during unpolluted conditions. The concentrations of large particles measured in the volcano layers are comparable to concentrations measured typically in Saharan dust plumes but smaller compared to particle concentrations in the polluted boundary layer. An estimation of the particle mass concentration in the volcanic ash plume probed as part of a vertical profile over Leipzig at about 4 km altitude yield 60 μg/m3. After the flight the Falcon was inspected. So far no damages were observed including engines (after boroscopy) and windows. Further engine inspection is ongoing. Silver foils attached to under-wing stations showed no visible impact from volcanic ash.
Tetraploidy and chromosomal instability are early events during cervical carcinogenesis (2005)

Chromosomal instability as manifested by increases in aneuploidy and structural chromosome aberrations is believed to play a critical role in the intermediate to late stages in the development of cervical malignancies. The current study was designed to determine the role of tetraploidy in the formation of aneuploidy and ascertain the occurrence of these alterations during the earlier stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Cervical cell samples, with diagnoses ranging from Normal to high-grade lesions, (HSIL) were obtained from 143 women and were evaluated for chromosomal alterations using dual-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cervical cells from a subset of the group were also evaluated for chromosomal instability in the form of micronuclei. The frequencies of cells exhibiting either tetrasomy or aneusomy for Chromosomes 3 and 17 increased significantly with disease progression and displayed distinctive patterns where aneusomy was rarely present in the absence of tetrasomy. The frequencies of micronuclei that formed through either chromosomal loss or breakage increased significantly in both the low-grade and high-grade diagnostic categories and were highly correlated with both the number of tetrasomic and aneusomic cervical cells. In addition, a unique chromosomal alteration involving a significant non-random loss of Chromosome 17 specific to near-tetraploid aneusomic cells (trisomy 17 and tetrasomy 3) was observed. We conclude that tetraploidy and chromosomal instability are related events occurring during the early stages of cervical carcinogenesis that predispose cervical cells to the formation of aneuploidy frequently involving the loss of Chromosome 17.
Identification of LRF-1, a leucine-zipper protein that is rapidly and highly induced in regenerating liver. (1991)

Liver regeneration provides one of the few systems for analysis of mitogenesis in the fully developed, intact animal. Several proteins have been identified as part of the primary growth response in regenerating liver and in mitogen-stimulated cells. Some of these proteins, such as the Jun and Fos families of transcription factors, are thought to have a role in activating transcription of genes expressed subsequently in the growth response. Through differential screening of a regenerating-liver cDNA library, we have identified a rapidly and highly induced gene encoding a 21-kDa leucine-zipper-containing protein that we have designated liver regeneration factor 1 (LRF-1). LRF-1 has no homology with other leucine-zipper proteins outside the basic and leucine-zipper domains. LRF-1 alone can bind DNA, but it preferentially forms heteromeric complexes with c-Jun and Jun-B and does not interact with c-Fos. In solution, it binds with highest affinity to cAMP response elements but also has affinity for related sites. In cotransfection studies, LRF-1 in combination with c-Jun strongly activates a c-Jun-responsive promoter. The induction of the LRF-1 gene in regenerating liver greatly increases the potential variety of heterodimeric combinations of leucine-zipper transcription factors. While LRF-1 mRNA is rapidly induced in the absence of protein synthesis, its peak induction is later than c-fos mRNA, suggesting that LRF-1 may regulate responsive genes at a later point in the cell cycle. As such, LRF-1 may have a unique and critical role in growth regulation of regenerating liver and mitogen-stimulated cells.