gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trans Sodium Crocetinate for Hemorrhagic Shock: Effect of Time Delay in Initiating Therapy (2002)

A new drug, trans sodium crocetinate (TSC), has been suggested for use in resuscitation after trauma. TSC has been shown to increase survival in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. It also results in an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in plasma lactate levels when given immediately after hemorrhage. TSC increases whole-body oxygen consumption rates, and it is thought that its physiological effects are due to the increased oxygen availability. In fact, TSC therapy and 100% oxygen therapy show similar results when used in the same rat hemorrhage model. It has been suggested, however, that 100% oxygen therapy is effective only if begun immediately after hemorrhage. Such a window of opportunity has been said to exist for other resuscitation methods; thus, the current study is to determine if this is true for TSC. In one series of experiments, rats were bled 60% of their blood volumes and given an injection of TSC (or saline) 20 min after the hemorrhage ended. The injection was then repeated four times, spaced 10 min apart. Thirty minutes after the final injection, the animals were infused with normal saline. TSC again restored blood pressure and other parameters, but repeated dosing was necessary. In addition, this therapy prevented an increase in liver enzymes (transaminases) as measured 24 h after hemorrhage. In a second study, rats were bled 60% of their blood volumes, followed by a second bleeding (an additional 10%) done 10 min later. No subsequent fluid was infused in this group. The majority of the animals treated with TSC after the second hemorrhage survived, whereas the controls did not. These data suggest that TSC is effective when given after a delay. The dosing regimen must be different, however, presumably because of the blood acidosis that develops after hemorrhage. The results also suggest that TSC may be protective against secondary liver damage resulting from trauma.
Analysis and Development of Submillimeter-Wave Stacked-FET Power Amplifier MMICs in 35-nm mHEMT Technology (2018)

This paper reports on the first stacked field-effect transistor (stacked-FET) submillimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (S-MMIC) power amplifier cell operating at 0.3 THz and the first stacked-FET medium power amplifier (MPA) at 240 GHz. Both circuits are fabricated using a 35-nm InGaAs-onGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) technology with grounded coplanar waveguide lines. In both cases, compactness and performance are enhanced thanks to the use of an in-house process, based on three-metallization layers, instead of the usual two-layer process. The single-stacked cell exhibits an ultrawide small-signal 3-dB relative bandwidth (RBW) of 47.3%, with output power levels higher than 4.3 dBm from 280 to 308 GHz (9.5%). The MPA MMIC combining four triple-stacked mHEMT cells in parallel achieves a small-signal 3-dB RBW of 24.2%, 10.8 dBm of output power, and a power-added efficiency of 5.02%. These values outperform the state-of-the-art results of MPAs published within a comparable technology.
Design of Sensor Data Processing Steps in an Air Pollution Monitoring System (2011)

Environmental monitoring is required to understand the effects of various kinds of phenomena such as a flood, a typhoon, or a forest fire. To detect the environmental conditions in remote places, monitoring applications employ the sensor networks to detect conditions, context models to understand phenomena, and computing technology to process the large volumes of data. In this paper, we present an air pollution monitoring system to provide alarm messages about potentially dangerous areas with sensor data analysis. We design the data analysis steps to understand the detected air pollution regions and levels. The analyzed data is used to track the pollution and to give an alarm. This implemented monitoring system is used to mitigate the damages caused by air pollution.
Evaluation of sensory stimulation as a treatment for prolonged coma—seven single experimental case studies (1993)

Abstract An earlier paper discussed the results from the four single case studies that evaluated the immediate within-session effects of sensory stimulation for the treatment of patients in prolonged coma (vegetative state). All four patients were found to show behavioural changes, which suggested increased arousal when treated with the version of the procedure known as multimodal stimulation (in which each sense was stimulated in turn in every session). The procedure known as unimodal stimulation (in which just one sense was treated in any session) did not produce any significant behavioural changes in these four patients. This paper presents even further single case experiments, which give a diversity of findings. Three of the patients showed significant behaviour changes, which suggested increased arousal to unimodal stimulation and not to multimodal stimulation, one subject showed apparent decreased arousal in response to unimodal stimulation and no response to multimodal stimulation, one subject showed apparent increased arousal to multimodal stimulation and decreased arousal to unimodal stimulation and two cases showed no significant findings whatsoever. The findings are discussed in relation to the case histories of the patients.
EGFR as a potential therapeutic target for a subset of muscle-invasive bladder cancers presenting a basal-like phenotype (2014)

Muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) constitutes a heterogeneous group of tumors with a poor outcome. Molecular stratification of MIBC may identify clinically relevant tumor subgroups and help to provide effective targeted therapies. From seven series of large-scale transcriptomic data (383 tumors), we identified an MIBC subgroup accounting for 23.5% of MIBC, associated with shorter survival and displaying a basal-like phenotype, as shown by the expression of epithelial basal cell markers. Basal-like tumors presented an activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway linked to frequent EGFR gains and activation of an EGFR autocrine loop. We used a 40-gene expression classifier derived from human tumors to identify human bladder cancer cell lines and a chemically induced mouse model of bladder cancer corresponding to human basal-like bladder cancer. We showed, in both models, that tumor cells were sensitive to anti-EGFR therapy. Our findings provide preclinical proof of concept that anti-EGFR therapy can be used to target a subset of particularly aggressive MIBC tumors expressing basal cell markers and provide diagnostic tools for identifying these tumors.
Comparison of rubber reinforcement using various surface-modified precipitated silicas (1996)

The reinforcement of a natural rubber compound by various surface-modified precipitated silicas was compared. Compound physical properties were determined for two silicas differing in surface area and were used as controls to evaluate these silicas after surface modification by using either a bifunctional organosilane coupling agent (γ-mercaptopropyl–trimethoxysilane) or a new surface modification process. This new process is based on the in situ polymerization of organic monomers solubilized inside surfactant bilayers that are adsorbed onto the silica surface to afford silicas modified with styrene–butadiene and styrene–isoprene copolymers. Both surface modification processes afford materials that dramatically increase the compound cure rate, thereby significantly reducing T90 cure times, while also improving tensile properties, tear strength, abrasion resistance, and compression set of the cured compound. The silane-modified silica gives a higher flex-cracking resistance than do the silicas modified by the in situ polymerization of organic monomers, whereas these latter silicas significantly increase rebound resilience and offer greater overall improvements in rubber compound performance. The rubber compound physical properties obtained using the modified, higher surface area Hi-Sil® 255 silica are generally improved relative to those obtained using the modified Hi-Sil® 233 silica. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Annealing Atmosphere on Electrical Performance and Stability of High-Mobility Indium-Gallium-Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors (2020)

In this study, we examined the effects of the annealing atmosphere on the electrical performance and stability of high-mobility indium-gallium-tin oxide (IGTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The annealing process was performed at a temperature of 180 °C under N2, O2, or air atmosphere after the deposition of IGTO thin films by direct current magnetron sputtering. The field-effect mobility (μFE) of the N2- and O2-annealed IGTO TFTs was 26.6 cm2/V·s and 25.0 cm2/V·s, respectively; these values were higher than that of the air-annealed IGTO TFT (μFE = 23.5 cm2/V·s). Furthermore, the stability of the N2- and O2-annealed IGTO TFTs under the application of a positive bias stress (PBS) was greater than that of the air-annealed device. However, the N2-annealed IGTO TFT exhibited a larger threshold voltage shift under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) compared with the O2- and air-annealed IGTO TFTs. The obtained results indicate that O2 gas is the most suitable environment for the heat treatment of IGTO TFTs to maximize their electrical properties and stability. The low electrical stability of the air-annealed IGTO TFT under PBS and the N2-annealed IGTO TFT under NBIS are primarily attributed to the high density of hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies in the channel layers, respectively.
Scalable event-driven native parallel processing (2010)

Neural networks present a fundamentally different model of computation from the conventional sequential digital model. Modelling large networks on conventional hardware thus tends to be inefficient if not impossible. Neither dedicated neural chips, with model limitations, nor FPGA implementations, with scalability limitations, offer a satisfactory solution even though they have improved simulation performance dramatically. SpiNNaker introduces a different approach, the "neuromimetic" architecture, that maintains the neural optimisation of dedicated chips while offering FPGA-like universal configurability. Central to this parallel multiprocessor is an asynchronous event-driven model that uses interrupt-generating dedicated hardware on the chip to support real-time neural simulation. While this architecture is particularly suitable for spiking models, it can also implement "classical" neural models like the MLP efficiently. Nonetheless, event handling, particularly servicing incoming packets, requires careful and innovative design in order to avoid local processor congestion and possible deadlock. Using two exemplar models, a spiking network using Izhikevich neurons, and an MLP network, we illustrate how to implement efficient service routines to handle input events. These routines form the beginnings of a library of "drop-in" neural components. Ultimately, the goal is the creation of a library-based development system that allows the modeller to describe a model in a high-level neural description environment of his choice and use an automated tool chain to create the appropriate SpiNNaker instantiation. The complete system: universal hardware, automated tool chain, embedded system management, represents the "ideal" neural modelling environment: a general-purpose platform that can generate an arbitrary neural network and run it with hardware speed and scale.
Primary Extramedullary Ependymoma of the Cervical Spine : Case Report and Review of the Literature (2011)

Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) ependymomas occur very rarely and little has been reported about their clinical characteristics. The authors present a case of a 57-year-old woman with an IDEM ependymoma. She was referred for the evaluation of a 4-month history of increasing neck pain and muscular weakness of the left extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine demonstrated an IDEM tumor with spinal cord compression. At the time of surgery, an encapsulated IDEM tumor without a dural attachment or medullary infiltration was noted, but the tumor capsule adherent to the spinal cord and root was left in place to minimize the risk of neurological sequelae. Histologic examination revealed a benign classic ependymoma. The post-operative course was uneventful and radiotherapy was performed. The patient showed an excellent clinical recovery, with no recurrence after 5 years of follow-up.
Functional evaluation of magnetic microactuators for removing biological accumulation: An in vitro study (2008)

Here we demonstrate the functional capability of microfabricated magnetic actuators in clearing biological accumulation on a model catheter pore. Cell-clearing performance was quantitatively measured by comparing the effect of actuation on the cell density of aggressively growing adherent murine cells. Devices were actuated at a frequency of 100 Hz and a magnetic field of 17.8 kA/m for 30, 45, or 60 min. On average, microactuators removed 37.4% of the adherent cells. The results also revealed that the cell-clearing capability of the microactuator increased as a function of the actuation duration and angle of deflection.
A Turning Point (2007)

The politically turbulent years of the 1930s, when Ismail Sidqi emerged as the “strong man” of Egyptian politics, abolished the constitution, drafted another that enhanced the power of the monarch, and formed his own party (Hizb al-Sha'b), were culturally innovative and archaeologically vigorous years for Egyptology. Egyptology was fast becoming popularized. The concentration of statues and other objects from a single period on Elephantine is unusual. The unearthing at Tanis of the tombs of the Libyan kings of the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Dynasties by Pierre Montet, a French Egyptologist, was a significant discovery. Labib Habachi was there during the excavation. Egyptologist and digger had trained under the British archaeologist Guy Brunton, whom Labachi met in Nekhen, some ten years earlier.
Aus der 200jährigen Geschichte des Stuttgarter Naturkundemuseums (1991)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Serum-Free Culturing of Adult Schistosoma mansoni in Dialysis Bags for the Production of Excretory/Secretory Antigens (1995)

Antigenic excretory/secretory (E/S) products from Schistosoma mansoni are potentially important in the development of diagnostic assays used to detect circulating antigens in schistosomiasis. The E/S products to be used as antigen(s) for this development must, by necessity, be free of exogenous proteins. The ability to extend serum-free in vitro culture of adult worms is, therefore, essential. Adult worms were perfused from mice, washed in serum-free RPMI-1640 with antibiotics, and placed in sterile dialysis bags, molecular weight cut-off 10 kDa, at a concentration of 100 worms in 1 ml of serum-free, supplemented RPMI-1640. Each bag was then placed in a flask of supplemented RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum in a humidified incubator at 37 C, 7% CO2. At days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 12, worms were collected; E/S culture medium was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Worm survival rates were 85% after 1 day in culture, dropping gradually to 65% on day 8, and then to 38% on day 12. Silver stain for total protein and immunoblot exposed to positive human infection serum showed E/S culture media from days 3 and 5 having the least complex banding pattern. The quantitative specific activity of E/S, as measured by antigen-limiting Falcon assay screening test system-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against human infection serum, indicates E/S antigenicity closely follows the attrition of worms and, therefore, may be directed against the release of somatic antigens by dead worms. Culturing S. mansoni in dialysis tubing is useful in deriving E/S products.
CMOS Low-Distortion High-Frequency Variable-Gain Amplifier (1995)

This paper describes the principle and design of a CMOS variable-gain amplifier for high-frequency applications. The operation of the differential circuit is based on a linear voltage-to-current conversion by means of a digitally controlled conversion impedance. Experimental results of the circuit show total harmonic distortion figures better than ?60 dB and a gain accuracy of 0.05 dB over the ?2 to + 12 dB gain range.
Deactivation of a Ce/TiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst by SO<sub>2</sub> in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH<sub>3</sub> (2009)

The effects of SO2 on the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 over a Ce/TiO2 catalyst were studied. Conversion of NO remained above 90% in the presence of 100 ppm SO2 at 350 °C for 48 h. However, when 180 ppm SO2 was added at 300 °C, NO conversion only remained above 90% during the first 12 h and then gradually decreased with time. Characterizations of fresh and SO2-poisoned Ce/TiO2 catalysts were carried out using Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method, ion chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The analytical results indicate that there was no obvious change in the crystal structure of the different samples; however, the specific area decreased with SO2 poisoning time. Sulfates were formed and preferentially diffused from the surface to a bulk phase during the poisoning process. Temperature-programmed desorption and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy results show that in the presence of O2, SO2 could react with NH3 to form NH4HSO4, which is deposited on the surface of the catalyst and blocked the active sites. Moreover, the main reason for the deactivation is that SO2 could react with the catalyst to form high thermally stable Ce(SO4)2 and Ce2(SO4)3, resulting in the disruption of the redox properties between Ce(IV) and Ce(III) and the inhibition of the formation and adsorption of nitrate species.
Phase error sensitivity in multistatic microwave imaging systems (2013)

Current digital-beamforming multistatic mm-wave array designs show superior near field imaging performance. Therefore, mm-wave imaging systems based on these concepts are suitable for a variety of security, medical and industrial applications. The theoretically achieved array performance can be degraded by noise and unwanted signals within the actually implemented systems. In this work, the sensitivity of such systems on certain types of systematic errors within its signal processing chain including the system error correction mechanism is discussed and analyzed. Effects of errors within the reconstructed images are demonstrated, and methods to reduce the effects of some dominant error signals are proposed.
Feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected monocytes internalize viral membrane-bound proteins upon antibody addition (2006)

Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) may cause a highly lethal infection in cats, in spite of a usually strong humoral immune response. Antibodies seem unable to identify infected cells and mediate antibody-dependent cell lysis. In this study, the effect of antibodies on Feline coronavirus (FCoV)-infected monocytes was investigated. Upon addition of FCoV-specific antibodies, surface-expressed viral proteins were internalized through a highly efficient process, resulting in cells without visually detectable viral proteins on their plasma membrane. The internalization was also induced by mAbs against the Spike and Membrane proteins, suggesting that both proteins play a role in the process. The internalization did not occur spontaneously, as it was not observed in cells incubated with medium or non-specific antibodies. Further, the internalization could not be reproduced in feline cell lines, indicating its cell-type specificity. This study sheds new light on the immune-evasive nature of FIPV infections.
Cancer incidence in persons with Fanconi anemia (2003)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive condition associated with congenital abnormalities, progressive pancytopenia, and a predisposition to leukemia and solid tumors. We studied a retrospective cohort of North American patients with FA. We calculated relative risks of cancer compared to the general population and cause-specific hazards of the first major adverse outcomes of FA: bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for marrow complications, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), solid tumors, or death from bone marrow failure. We also estimated the cumulative incidence of each adverse event in the presence of the competing risks. Among 145 patients with FA, 9 developed leukemia and 14 developed a total of 18 solid tumors. The ratio of observed to expected cancers (O/E ratio) was 50 for all cancers, 48 for all solid tumors, and 785 for leukemia; these increased risks were statistically significant. The highest solid tumor O/E ratios were 4317 for vulvar cancer, 2362 for esophageal cancer, and 706 for head and neck cancer. Cause-specific hazards of both death and AML peaked at 1%/y in teenage years; the hazard of BMT peaked at 4%/y at age 7. In contrast, the hazard of a solid tumor approached 8%/y by age 40 years. The cumulative incidence to age 48 was 10% for leukemia, 11% for death from marrow failure, 29% for a solid tumor, and 43% for BMT. The risk of a solid tumor may become even higher as death from aplastic anemia is reduced and as patients survive longer after BMT.
The Arabidopsis transcription factor ERF13 negatively regulates defense against Pseudomonas syringae (2013)

Food security is a function of, among other factors, plant health. Because people subsist on a small number of key crops in many parts of the world, disease epidemics among such crops can have dire ramifications. It therefore behooves us to learn more about the plant immune system in order to better protect crops and safeguard the food supply. Many studies on plant immunity have focused in on the role of phytohormones, particularly salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), in negotiating defense strategies against pathogens with different lifestyles. Our work addresses the role of AtERF13, an Arabidopsis ethylene response factor previously found to enhance abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated responses to abiotic stress. We found in proteome profiling of plant immune signaling that S168- phosphorylated ERF13 increases concurrent with early effector-triggered immunity mediated by the R protein RPM1. Using quantitative luminescence assays to measure the growth of bioluminescent bacteria in planta, we determined that overexpression of ERF13 induces susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We also found that ERF13 overexpression promotes chlorosis and inhibits plant growth. Semi-quantitative RT- PCR analysis furthermore demonstrated that ERF13 stimulates the expression of PDF1.2a, a JA/ET-inducible pathogenesis-related gene. We conclude that ERF13 lies at a junction in the signaling pathways of SA, JA, ET, and ABA, and that it promotes susceptibility to P. syringae by negotiating the crosstalk between these hormones which shapes and tailors the plant defense response
Roles of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Mitogen-Induced Thp-1 Differentiation into Macrophage. (2013)

ATM, ATR and DNA-PK are critical for DNA damage response (DDR) and sequential repair, leading to genomic stability. In this study, we found the expression of these proteins is markedly induced by PMA during THP1 differentiation without the change in the level of transcripts. Also, inhibitors of these protein activity suppressed PMA-induced morphological change of THP1 cells. Our results suggest the potential roles of these DDR proteins in cellular differentiation.