gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Performance of a Wideband Ka-Band 5-b MMIC Phase Shifter (2017)

In this letter, the design and performance of a Ka-band 5-b monolithic microwave integrated circuit phase shifter is presented. In the 180° phase bit, a developed switched-path-type topology is employed in order to extend the bandwidth and achieve good phase shifting characteristics. The fabricated phase shifter demonstrates an rms phase error of less than 4.7° and an rms amplitude error of less than 0.6 dB over the frequency band from 31 to 40 GHz. The input and output return loss is measured to be better than 9 dB, and the chip size is 2.55 mm × 1.3 mm.
Catalytic Strategies of the Hepatitis Delta Virus Ribozymes (2002)

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozymes are self-cleaving RNA sequences critical to the replication of a small RNA genome. A recently determined crystal structure together with biochemical and biophysical studies provides new insight into the possible catalytic mechanism of these ribozymes. The HDV ribozymes are examples of naturally occurring small ribozymes that catalyze cleavage of the RNA backbone with a rate enhancement of 10(6)- to 10(7)-fold over the uncatalyzed rate. To achieve this level of rate enhancement, the HDV ribozymes have been proposed to employ several catalytic strategies that include the use of metal ions, intrinsic binding energy, and a novel example of general acid-base catalysis with a cytosine side chain acting as a proton donor or acceptor.
Impact of additional factors in threshold voltage variability of metal/high-k gate stacks and its reduction by controlling crystalline structure and grain size in the metal gates (2008)

We have clarified that, in a metal/high-k gate stack, as well as the variability introduced by random dopant fluctuations (RDF), the threshold voltage variability (TVV) is attributable to the crystal structure and grain size in the metal gate. We have successfully eliminated this additional factor by reducing the grain size in the metal gate. We demonstrated that the incorporation of C into TiN metal gates transforms the crystalline film into an amorphous one, effecting a reduction in the TVV in HfSiON pFET devices. We observed that the TVV of C-incorporated TiN devices was dominated by RDF, indicating that the additional factor due to the metal gate had been diminished.
Near-perfect tunneling and amplification of evanescent electromagnetic waves in a waveguide filled by a metamaterial: Theory and experiments (2005)

Amplification of evanescent electromagnetic waves by a metamaterial slab is still a controversial issue. Metallic waveguides operating in cutoff provide a unique physical environment to produce and study these waves because isolated evanescent modes can be excited in such environment. In this paper, the tunneling of electromagnetic waves through a rectangular waveguide partially filled by a metamaterial is analyzed. Enhanced tunneling due to the amplification of evanescent waves in the metamaterial filled waveguide section is demonstrated. Since evanescent modes in rectangular waveguides are the superposition of two plane waves, the aforementioned results also show the amplification and tunneling of evanescent plane waves by a metamaterial slab in free space.
Modelling the capacitance of microstrip line using spice (1992)

An original concept for calculating the line capacitance of a microstrip line is presented. An equivalent circuit is created and analysed using the electrical software SPICE; the line capacitance on the inhomogeneous lossless dielectrical layer is deduced by using one impedance–admittance transformation. The numerical results agree well with those of other standard published methods.
Larger depth of focus for increased yield (2005)

Large depths of focus can be obtained by modifying the pupil function of a projector lens. An image recorder with a threshhold greatly increases the number of phase functions that can be used. Simulations are given that show that it is feasible to increase the depth of focus by a factor of two or more by making modification of the phase in the aperture stop of the projector lens. Examples show new techniques that are used to design pupil-plane phase functions to produce images for contact holes with very little change over at least twice the normal focal depth. The penalty is that the side lobes are higher than for a system without modification in the pupil plane. A larger focal depth gives considerable potential cost savings. For example, the down time for focus correction of a lithographic system and re-work of wafers can be reduced if the focal depth of the projector is increased. Using the smallest numbers that were quoted, the down time for refocus (2% on 20% of the jobs) costs $4M/yr./machine. The 30% of re-work that is caused by focus problems costs $15M/yr./machine. Expensive flatter wafers need not be used. The cost of flatter wafers, when needed (10% of the time) with current machines, is more than $17M/yr./machine. Using the lowest numbers quoted, the totals for down time, re-work, and flatter wafers alone is $36M/yr./machine. In addition, masks can be cheaper because complexity for extending the depth of focus is not needed. We show the phase modifications that were used, how the phase modifications were found, and highlight the differences between the design techniques that we used and the previous work on extending the depth of focus.
Recurrent transition networks for character locomotion (2018)

We present a novel approach, based on deep recurrent neural networks, to automatically generate transition animations given a past context of a few frames, a target character state and optionally local terrain information. The proposed Recurrent Transition Network (RTN) is trained without any gait, phase, contact or action labels. Our system produces realistic and fluid transitions that rival the quality of Motion Capture-based animations, even without any inverse-kinematics post-process. Our system could accelerate the creation of transition variations for large coverage or even replace transition nodes in a game's animation graph. The RTN also shows impressive results on a temporal super-resolution task.
The Reaction of Certain Substituted Furfurals with Aniline and Aniline Hydrochloride (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Certain Substituted Furfurals with Aniline and Aniline HydrochlorideRichard W. Drisko and Herbert McKennis Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 10, 2626–2628Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01130a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01130a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunization with the C‐Domain of α‐Toxin Prevents Lethal Infection, Localizes Tissue Injury, and Promotes Host Response to Challenge with<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (2004)

Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is characterized by rapid tissue destruction, impaired host response, and, often, death. Phospholipase C (alpha -toxin) is the virulence factor most responsible for these pathologies. The present study investigated the efficacy of active immunization with the C-terminal domain of alpha -toxin (Cpa247-370) in a murine model of gas gangrene. Primary end points of the study were survival, progression of infection, and tissue perfusion. Secondary end points, which were based on findings of histologic evaluation of tissues, included the extent of tissue destruction and microvascular thrombosis, as well as the magnitude of the tissue inflammatory response. Survival among C-domain-immunized animals was significantly greater than that among sham-immunized control animals. Furthermore, immunization with the C-domain localized the infection and prevented ischemia of the feet. Histopathologic findings demonstrated limited muscle necrosis, reduced microvascular thrombosis, and enhanced granulocytic influx in C-domain-immunized mice. We conclude that immunization with the C-domain of phospholipase C is a viable strategy for the prevention of morbidity and mortality associated with C. perfringens gas gangrene.
StackArmor: Comprehensive Protection from Stack-based Memory Error Vulnerabilities for Binaries (2015)

Author(s): Xi Chen, Asia Slowinska, Dennis Andriesse, Herbert Bos, Cristiano Giuffrida Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 8 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: StackArmor is a comprehensive protection technique for stack-based memory error vulnerabilities in binaries. It relies on binary analysis and rewriting techniques to drastically reduce … Continued
A coincident current superconductive memory (1961)

THE PHENOMENON OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY and its related feature of exclusion of magnetic flux can be used advantageously for the storage of binary information in the form of persistent current in superconducting paths. An early practical version of a superconductive memory cell is illustrated in Figure l.
Real‐time feedback for spatiotemporal field stabilization in MR systems (2014)

Feedback field control is an effective means of eliminating dynamic field distortions in MR systems. Third-order spatial control at an update time of 100 ms has proven sufficient to largely eliminate thermal and breathing effects in brain imaging at 7 Tesla.
Testosterone and Estradiol among Older Men (2006)

This is the largest cohort of older men in which sex steroid levels are available, and it demonstrates that testosterone and estradiol, and their free fractions, tend to decline with age even among older men. However, substantial variation is also present. The relationships between sex steroid levels and their consequences in aging are likely to be complex.
TLSF: a new dynamic memory allocator for real-time systems (2004)

Dynamic storage allocation (DSA) algorithms play an important role in the modern software engineering paradigms and techniques (such as object oriented programming). Using DSA increases the flexibility and functionalities of applications. There exists a large number of references to this particular issue in the literature. However, the use of DSA has been considered a source of indeterminism in the real-time domain, due to the unconstrained response time of DSA algorithms and the fragmentation problem. Nowadays, real-time applications require more flexibility: the ability to adjust system configuration in response to workload changes and application reconfiguration. This aspect adds value to the definition and implementation of dynamic storage allocation algorithms. Considering these reasons, DSA algorithms with a bounded and acceptable timing behaviour must be developed to be used by real-time operating systems (RTOSs). In this paper a DSA algorithm called two-level segregated fit memory allocator (TLSF), developed specifically to be used by RTOS, is introduced. The TLSF algorithm provides explicit allocation and deallocation of memory blocks with a temporal cost /spl Theta/(1).
DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS OF THE CISTERNA MAGNA AND DURA MATER (1949)

In the original description, the cisterna magna cerebello- medullaris includes that part of the subarachnoid space anterior and lateral to the medulla. However, it facilitates description, and is common usage, to apply the term cisterna magna only to that part behind the medulla. The anterior part may well be called the medullary cistern. 39
Weiteres über die Condensation des Formaldehyds (1886)

Tor einiger Zeit habe
MPEG-7 descriptor integration for on-line video surveillance interface (2007)

On-line video surveillance system is developed to the point where it is simple and inexpensive to use in homes or businesses. Many video applications (e.g., retrieval, annotation, summarization) started using MPEG-7 as their base standard and extend it to support their application domain. In this work, we propose an on-line TCP/IP based video surveillance system which integrates video analysis algorithms and MPEG- 7. The proposed on-line system takes input streams from several cameras placed on remote sites. Each input stream is bounded to a unique process that uses a graphical user interface for successful communication among the web server and the clients. The proposed integrated system allows the clients to receive and analyze high-level descriptions of video objects
A Smart/Efficient Method to Facilitate Highway Pedestrian Protection (2015)

Background/Objectives: To ensure pedestrian safety in highways predominantly at night. Application: By introducing piezoelectric sensors embedded on highways, which automates the notification lamps that help both pedestrian and drivers to know each other’s presence. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The basic method we implement is getting the feed of digital HIGH and digital LOW from the piezoelectric crystals. The state of the pedestrian cross decides the output signal of the notification lamp. This helps the fast drivers on the highway to adjust their acceleration with prior alert of movement on the road. The prototype result with few minutes delay of glowing, the notification lamp can be set in real time with little more depending on the length of the cross. Findings: The night time travelers on the highway have the difficulty of vision due to optical problems of the front vehicle glass. The irritation due to high beam of the opposite vehicles distract the proper vision of the road. The pedestrians from local area are becoming a casualty of this situation. And the speed at which the drivers come is not possible to reduce in small period of time. Prior alert is required for this. Keywords: LED Lamp, MSP430, Piezoelectric Transducer, Vibration Analysis
A hermetic fiber-coupled p-i-n photodetector package for use in fiber-optic preamplifier circuits (1985)

A fiber-coupled photodetector package has been developed that provides a true hermetic environment. Fiber coupling is accomplished using expanded-beam connector elements to image the fiber core onto the photodetector through the package window. This particular package concept has important applications in printed-circuit-board implementations of fiber-optic receiver preamplifiers.
Secure automated document delivery (2003)

A model for secure delivery of documents is proposed, and a prototype system based on earlier work on secure electronic mail and automated document delivery systems is described. In the proposed architecture, security protection is provided for both document requests and the actual documents delivered. Electronic mail protocols are used for document requests and delivery, although file transfer protocols could be used in some circumstances. The document delivery system background is discussed, and the client-server model for the secure system is presented. The security philosophy, requirements, policy, and techniques are dealt with next. The criterion for validation is analyzed, the relationship to OSI (Open systems interconnection) is shown, implementation issues are discussed, and the direction of future efforts is pointed out. >
New reversing design method for LED uniform illumination (2011)

In light-emitting diode (LED) applications, it is becoming a big issue that how to optimize light intensity distribution curve (LIDC) and design corresponding optical component to achieve uniform illumination when distance-height ratio (DHR) is given. A new reversing design method is proposed to solve this problem, including design and optimization of LIDC to achieve high uniform illumination and a new algorithm of freeform lens to generate the required LIDC by LED light source. According to this method, two new LED modules integrated with freeform lenses are successfully designed for slim direct-lit LED backlighting with thickness of 10mm, and uniformities of illuminance increase from 0.446 to 0.915 and from 0.155 to 0.887 when DHRs are 2 and 3 respectively. Moreover, the number of new LED modules dramatically decreases to 1/9 of the traditional LED modules while achieving similar uniform illumination in backlighting. Therefore, this new method provides a practical and simple way for optical design of LED uniform illumination when DHR is much larger than 1.
Inactivation of σ <sup>F</sup> in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Blocks Sporulation Prior to Asymmetric Division and Abolishes σ <sup>E</sup> and σ <sup>G</sup> Protein Expression but Does Not Block Solvent Formation (2011)

Clostridium acetobutylicum is both a model organism for the understanding of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia and its relationship to solvent formation and an industrial organism for anaerobic acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. How solvent production is coupled to endospore formation--both stationary-phase events--remains incompletely understood at the molecular level. Specifically, it is unclear how sporulation-specific sigma factors affect solvent formation. Here the sigF gene in C. acetobutylicum was successfully disrupted and silenced. Not only σ(F) but also the sigma factors σ(E) and σ(G) were not detected in the sigF mutant (FKO1), and differentiation was stopped prior to asymmetric division. Since plasmid expression of the spoIIA operon (spoIIAA-spoIIAB-sigF) failed to complement FKO1, the operon was integrated into the FKO1 chromosome to generate strain FKO1-C. In FKO1-C, σ(F) expression was restored along with sporulation and σ(E) and σ(G) protein expression. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of a select set of genes (csfB, gpr, spoIIP, sigG, lonB, and spoIIR) that could be controlled by σ(F), based on the Bacillus subtilis model, indicated that sigG may be under the control of σ(F), but spoIIR, an important activator of σ(E) in B. subtilis, is not, and neither are the rest of the genes investigated. FKO1 produced solvents at a level similar to that of the parent strain, but solvent levels were dependent on the physiological state of the inoculum. Finally, the complementation strain FKO1-C is the first reported instance of purposeful integration of multiple functional genes into a clostridial chromosome--here, the C. acetobutylicum chromosome--with the aim of altering cell metabolism and differentiation.
Increasing Service-Learning's Impact on Middle School Students. (1999)

impact of service-learning is uncomfort ably large. The observed effects of service-learning vary from study to study, with positive academic effects being the least commonly documented. The scarcity of data on academic impact may be because relatively few pro grams have established academic impact as an impor tant goal (Scales & Blyth, 1997). Search Institute researchers, in partnership with the National Youth Leadership Council, conducted a national search to identify middle school service-learning programs in order to examine both the effects of service-learning and the reasons for those effects. We selected three schools in Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Missouri to participate in the study during the 1996-1997 school year. The details of our study are reported elsewhere (Scales, Blyth, Berkas, & Kielsmeier, 1999). The results, which are both promising and sobering, suggest several important lessons for how to increase the effectiveness of service-learning programs.
Radiation Sensitivity of Soluble Polysilane Derivatives (1989)

Polysilane derivatives have very unusual electronic properties associated with extensive σ delocalization along the polymer backbone. Strong electronic transitions that depend on the nature of substituents, polymer molecular weight, and backbone conformation appear in the UV spectra. These materials are radiation sensitive and are degraded to lower molecular weight fragments upon exposure to light and ionizing radiation. This chapter is an overview of the nature of these radiation-induced processes and describes some potential applications, primarily in the field of microlithography.
Ammonia-Treated Corn Silage for Dairy Cattle (1972)

The feeding value of corn silage treated with an ammonia solution at ensiling was compared with that of urea-treated and control silages in dairy cattle rations. On all-silage rations with no protein supplement, heifers ate more (P < .05) of the ammoniated than the control silage indicating a superior protein nutriture. Lactating cows showed higher milk yields for cows fed ammonia-and urea-treated silages than for negative control rations with no added nitrogen. No significant differences in production were noted for cows fed control, urea-treated, or ammoniated silages at equal dietary nitrogen.
How accurately can we model timing in a placement engine? (2005)

This paper presents a novel placement algorithm for timing optimization based on a new and powerful concept, which we term differential timing analysis. Recognizing that accurate optimization requires timing information from a signoff static timing analyzer, we propose an incremental placement algorithm that uses timing information from a signoff static timing engine. We propose a set of differential timing analysis equations that accurately capture the effect of placement perturbations on changes in timing from the signoff timer. We have formulated an incremental placement optimization problem based on differential timing analysis as a single linear programming (LP) problem which is solved to generate the new timing-optimized placement.Our experiments show that the worst negative slack (WNS) improves by an average of 30% and the total negative slack (TNS) improves by 33% on average for a set of circuits from a 3.0 GHz microprocessor that were already synthesized and placed by a leading industrial physical synthesis tool. We also show that multiple iterations of our engine give further TNS improvements - an average improvement of 51%, which implies that our placer will significantly speed up timing convergence.
Wireless access point specific location based encryption (2013)

The growing adoption of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies amongst corporations is leading to a greater need for technologies that can be used as a part of Mobile Device Management (MDM) strategies. MDM software is commonly used to control the content that is delivered to and accessible from mobile devices as well as to ensure the compliance of devices with corporate security policies. Recently MDM software packages have begun to make use of location aware security solutions such as geofencing to restrict the ability of users to access content to a certain geographic area. While geofencing can be a useful MDM feature, it does have some potential caveats in that not all mobile devices contain a GPS unit and, for devices with GPS units, their mandatory use could potentially raise privacy concerns for employees. The potential for providing wireless access point specific location based encryption services, whereby proximity to a certain access point is a requirement for data encryption and decryption, is explored in this paper. It is hypothesized that such a technique could be used as a means of providing location based encryption services without the explicit need for a GPS unit. The application of this technique as a part of a defense in depth wireless security model is discussed.