gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Trout Hemoglobin Conformations and Solubility after Exposure to Acid and Alkali pH (2004)

The effect of different acid and alkali treatments followed by pH readjustment on solubility and conformation of trout hemoglobins was investigated. At low pH (1.5-3.5) hemoglobin was unfolded at faster rates as the pH was lowered. Inclusion of 500 mM NaCl at low pH significantly increased the rate of unfolding. At alkaline pH (10-12) the conformation of hemoglobin was much less affected than at acid pH, and the presence of salt had little additional effect. When hemoglobin solutions were adjusted to neutrality at different stages of unfolding, the recovery of native structure on refolding was proportional to the extent of unfolding prior to pH readjustment: the more unfolded the protein, the less was the recovery of native structure. The presence of salt led to a smaller recovery of native structure. The more improperly unfolded the hemoglobin was (and hydrophobic), the lower was its solubility. Results suggest that the presence of NaCl (25-500 mM) may not only interfere with the refolding process but also enhance the hydrophobic interactions of improperly refolded hemoglobin, possibly due to charge screening. These results show that proper control of unfolding and refolding time and ionic strength in processes using highly acidic or alkaline conditions can minimize loss of hemoglobin solubility.
Noncoherent RAKE-receiver with optimum weighted combining and improved closed-loop power control (2002)

In this paper, we present two methods to improve the performance of a mobile communication system compatible with the standard IS-95. The first approach reduces the bit error rate by modifications of the closed-loop power control scheme. In order to overcome the detrimental effects of delayed control information, linear prediction is used. This is especially helpful at higher velocities of the mobile user. Secondly, we apply weighted combining of the correlation components in the demodulation process within the RAKE receiver.
Dynamic voltage frequency scaling for multi-tasking systems using online learning (2007)

This paper presents an extremely lightweight dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technique targeted towards modern multi-tasking systems. The technique utilizes processors runtime statistics and an online learning algorithm to estimate the best suited voltage and frequency setting at any given point in time. We implemented the proposed technique in Linux 2.6.9 running on an Intel PXA27x platform and performed experiments in both single and multi-task environments. Our measurements show that we can achieve the maximum energy savings of 49% and reduce the implementation overhead by a factor of 2 when compared to state of the art techniques.
Slow-tight-binding inhibition of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>by triclosan (2004)

Triclosan is a potent inhibitor of FabI (enoyl-ACP reductase, where ACP stands for acyl carrier protein), which catalyses the last step in a sequence of four reactions that is repeated many times with each elongation step in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. The malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum also harbours the genes and is capable of synthesizing fatty acids by utilizing the enzymes of type II FAS (fatty acid synthase). The basic differences in the enzymes of type I FAS, present in humans, and type II FAS, present in Plasmodium, make the enzymes of this pathway a good target for antimalarials. The steady-state kinetics revealed time-dependent inhibition of FabI by triclosan, demonstrating that triclosan is a slow-tight-binding inhibitor of FabI. The inhibition followed a rapid equilibrium step to form a reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex (EI) that isomerizes to a second enzyme-inhibitor complex (EI*), which dissociates at a very slow rate. The rate constants for the isomerization of EI to EI* and the dissociation of EI* were 5.49x10(-2) and 1x10(-4) s(-1) respectively. The K(i) value for the formation of the EI complex was 53 nM and the overall inhibition constant K(i)* was 96 pM. The results match well with the rate constants derived independently from fluorescence analysis of the interaction of FabI and triclosan, as well as those obtained by surface plasmon resonance studies [Kapoor, Mukhi, N. Surolia, Sugunda and A. Surolia (2004) Biochem. J. 381, 725-733].
Fluorescence polarization detection for affinity capillary electrophoresis (2002)

Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) with laser-induced fluorescence polarization (LIFP) detection is described, with examples of affinity interaction studies. Because fluorescence polarization is sensitive to changes in the rotational motion arising from molecular association or dissociation, ACE-LIFP is capable of providing information on the formation of affinity complexes prior to or during CE separation. Unbound, small fluorescent probes generally have little fluorescence polarization because of rapid rotation of the molecule in solution. When the small fluorescent probe is bound to a larger affinity agent, such as an antibody, the fluorescence polarization (and anisotropy) increases due to slower motion of the much larger complex molecule in the solution. Fluorescence polarization results are obtained by simultaneously measuring fluorescence intensities of vertical and horizontal polarization planes. Applications of CE-LIFP to both strong and weak binding systems are discussed with antibody-antigen and DNA-protein binding as examples. For strong affinity binding, such as between cyclosporine and its antibody, complexes are formed prior to CE-LIFP analysis. For weaker binding, such as between single-stranded DNA and its binding protein, the single-stranded DNA binding protein is added to the CE separation buffer to enhance dynamic formation of affinity complexes. Both fluorescence polarization (and anisotropy) and mobility shift results are complementary and are useful for immunoassays and binding studies.
Low-complexity architecture for Chase soft-decision Reed-Solomon decoding (2014)

Soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes can achieve good coding gain by using the probability information from the channel. Among various soft-decision algorithms, the Chase algorithm has moderate performance and rational complexity and hence is usually designed for hardware implementation. Chase-type decoders, however, still have much higher complexity than that of conventional hard-decision decoders. This paper proposes a reduced-complexity Chase (RCC) algorithm and its corresponding high-speed VLSI architecture. With the developed fast and efficient decision-making scheme, the resulting hardware complexity is greatly reduced while keeping the error correction performance comparable to that of the Chase decoders. For a (255, 239) RS code, experimental results show that the proposed decoder design has at least 44.6% improvement in area-time complexity as compared to the related works.
Spectral Shaping by Simultaneous Amplitude and Frequency Modulation (1980)

In an attempt to simplify the design of separation filters in frequency-division multiplexed digital data transmission by FSK, it was found that the energy on one side of the FSK carrier can be reduced by suitably modulating the amplitude of the FSK signal. We present a simple technique for controlling the energy on one side of the carrier of an FSK signal. The method entails modulating the amplitude of the FM wave in unison with the frequency. In other words, if the energy in the region above the carrier must be reduced, the envelope is somewhat suppressed while the higher frequency is transmitted. The proposed hybrid modulation technique is applicable in frequency-division multiplexed digital data transmission by FSK and can often ease the design of separation filters. Here we investigate this modulation technique theoretically as well as experimentally. Our theoretical results include closed-form formulas for the various power spectra of interest. We also determine the optimum amount of amplitude modulation to achieve the greatest amount of sidelobe energy suppression for a fixed amount of total average power. The experimental investigations substantiate the analysis, and we make comparisons of the technique with alternative approaches.
Line narrowing and spectral hole burning in single-mode Nd^3+-fiber lasers (1987)

Line narrowing in the output spectrum of a Nd-doped silica-fiber laser with spectrally flat reflectors is interpreted to indicate a substantial homogeneous contribution to the 1.09-microm fluorescent linewidth. By using a fiber Bragg reflector, frequency-stable operation with 100-GHz bandwidth is obtained, dominated by power broadening and spectral hole burning.
Data-driven predictive control of idle speed control for SI engine (2015)

As we know the automotive idle speed control (ISC) is a highly nonlinear vehicle control problem with complicated dynamic characters. In this paper, the control variables are throttle angle and spark advance angle, data-driven predictive control is selected to design the controller which elegantly combines identification method of subspace with model predictive control(MPC). In automobile, there are actuator constraints on throttle and spark ignition and the optimal object is to make the predictive engine speed tacking with the reference. The predictive model can be obtained by subspace identification by using intput-output data, by using MPC, control problem comes down to optimization problem with input and state constraints. The proposed control method in engine is well validated on a platform of enDYNA. Finally, there are effective and promising results which indicate that the selected method is feasible.
Biomimetic Surface Engineering of Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles as Versatile Bioprobes (2012)

Coat of lipids: Water-dispersible and functionalizable upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) for selective imaging of live cancer cells were synthesized. The synthetic approach involves coating the surface of the UCNPs with a monolayer of phospholipids that contain different functional groups (see picture), thus allowing for conjugation of many molecules for applications in fields such as bioinspired nanoassembly, biosensing, and biomedicine. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Adhesive Protein cDNA of <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> Encodes Decapeptide Repeats but No Hexapeptide Motif (1994)

A mussel is attached to hard surfaces by its byssus, which consists of a bundle of threads, each with a fibrous collagenous core coated with adhesive proteins. We constructed a cDNA library from RNA isolated from the foot of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis sampled in Japan. The library was probed with a nucleotide sequence corresponding to a part of the decapeptide repeat motif in the major adhesive protein of the closely related species M. edulis, and a clone including the whole coding region of the same adhesive protein of M. galloprovincialis was isolated. The sequences of the signal and nonrepetitive regions of the protein of M. galloprovincialis were homologous to those of M. edulis, despite several substitutions and a deletion of 18 amino acids. The repetitive region included a tetradecapeptide sequence and 62 repeats of the same decapeptide motif as in M. edulis, but hexapeptide sequences present in M. edulis were absent in the protein of M. galloprovincialis. In the decapeptide motif, two tyrosine residues, two lysine residues, and one of the two proline residues were highly conserved, but other residues were frequently substituted. In some residues in the decapeptide motif, specific codon usages were observed, suggesting that the nucleotide sequence itself has a function.
On the evolution of the snow surface during snowfall (2007)

The deposition and attachment mechanism of settling snow crystals during snowfall dictates the very initial structure of ice within a natural snowpack. In this letter we apply ballistic deposition as a simple model to study the structural evolution of the growing surface of a snowpack during its formation. The roughness of the snow surface is predicted from the behaviour of the time dependent height correlation function. The predictions are verified by simple measurements of the growing snow surface based on digital photography during snowfall. The measurements are in agreement with the theoretical predictions within the limitations of the model which are discussed. The application of ballistic deposition type growth models illuminates structural aspects of snow from the perspective of formation which has been ignored so far. Implications of this type of growth on the aerodynamic roughness length, density, and the density correlation function of new snow are discussed.
Optical fault monitoring method using broadband light source in WDM-PON (2006)

An optical fault monitoring method in WDM-PON using a broadband light source is demonstrated. This method can achieve real-time fault monitoring for WDM channels. In addition, the optical line terminal can distinguish transmission fibre fault from upstream transmitter failure in the optical network unit.
Multiple photonic band gaps in the structures composed of core-shell particles (2003)

We present a detailed study of the full photonic band gaps for the spherical multilayered core-shell particles arranged in bcc, fcc, and diamond fcc lattices. We find that layered structure of the particles does not lead to an increase of the gap width in case of the fcc arrangement. On the other hand full photonic band gap opens up for the bcc lattice composed of such particles. The most promising is the diamond fcc arrangement. For such ordering of core particles covered by a thin shell we find three reasonably wide gaps.
High quality anatase TiO2 film: Field-effect transistor based on anatase TiO2 (2008)

We proposed an oxygen modulation method for the growth of high crystalline and insulative anatase films. The cycle of deposition under low oxygen pressure and annealing under high oxygen pressure was repeated every 1nm thick growth. The sharp reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern and step-and-terrace surface morphology confirmed high crystallinity of the obtained anatase film; the resistivity reached as high as 1.8MΩcm. As a result, the present anatase film exhibited high performance in a field-effect transistor as an active channel. On-to-off current ratio and field-effect mobility exceeded 105 and 0.3cm2∕Vs, respectively.
The Use of Open-Ended Problem-Based Learning Scenarios in an Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Class: Evaluation of a Problem-Based Learning Course Across Three Years (2012)

Use of open-ended Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in biology classrooms has been limited by the difficulty in designing problem scenarios such that the content learned in a course can be predicted and controlled, the lack of familiarity of this method of instruction by faculty, and the difficulty in assessment. Here we present the results of a study in which we developed a team-based interdisciplinary course that combined the fields of biology and civil engineering across three years. We used PBL scenarios as the only learning tool, wrote the problem scenarios, and developed the means to assess these courses and the results of that assessment. Our data indicates that PBL changed students’ perception of their learning in content knowledge and promoted a change in students’ learning styles. Although no statistically significant improvement in problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills was observed, students reported substantial changes in their problem-based learning strategies and critical thinking skills.
Procedures as a representation for data in a computer program for understanding natural language (1971)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 1970.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SURFACE CONDITION ON THE RADIANT PROPERTIES OF METALS (1964)

Abstract : Results are presented on the optical and radiant properties of copper, platinum and tungsten. Optical constants n and k are presented as a function of temperature and wavelength, and the method for their determination is described. Radiant properties reported include the total and spectral emittance as a function of emission angle, polarization, temperature, and surface roughness. Methods are described for the evaluation of surface geometry, and results obtained on all test samples are presented. Profilometry, metallographic inspection, x-ray diffraction, and spark spectroscopy were employed for evaluation of surface condition and are discussed in terms of their utility for this program. Theories of the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a rough surface are briefly reviewed and necessary extensions of present theories to an emitting surface are indicated.
A daylight factor integrator (1931)

This instrument determines mechanically the illumination at a point on a horizontal surface due to the direct light from the sky visible at that point. The instrument is set up at the point, and a telescope incorporated in it is made to traverse the boundary of the visible sky. The illumination (Daylight Factor) is read off from a small integrating wheel.
Intracellular Activity of Lysosomal Glucosylceramidase Measured with 4-Nonylumbelliferyl β-glucoside (1989)

Enzymatic activity of lysosomal glucosyl-ceramidase was determined in intact murine hybridoma and macrophage cells with the synthetic substrate nonylumbeliferyl-beta-glucoside (NUG). The substrate was applied as complex with bovine serum albumin (two binding sites, Kd 2.2 +/- 0.3 microM). The transport of the artificial substrate from medium to the enzyme was explored by measurements of substrate concentrations in cellular membranes and of endocytosis rate relative to substrate hydrolysis. The results indicated that, after enrichment in the plasma membrane, the substrate is mainly transported by simple diffusion. Release of nonylumberlliferone monitored fluorimetrically after disintegration of the cells in borate buffer containing Triton X-100 at pH 9.5 showed that 10(8) cells of both cell lines hydrolysed 1-1.5 nmol substrate/min at a total concentration of 0.1 mM NUG in the medium. Substrate hydrolysis was prevented by preincubating the cells with conduritol B epoxide (CBE), a specific active site-directed inhibitor of lysosomal glucosylceramidase. The substrate concentration at the site of the enzyme and maximal activity were evaluated by the inhibiting effect of the substrate on the inactivation rate by conduritol B epoxide. The rate of inhibitor uptake measured with bromo-[3H]conduritol B epoxide was shown to be not rate-limiting for the inactivation reaction. The molar concentration of the enzyme was determined by labeling with bromo-[3H]conduritol B epoxide. Comparison of the maximal intracellular activity with that of the enzyme after disintegration and activation by taurocholate showed a 20-fold lower activity in the native environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Visible spectrum native-oxide coupled-stripe In0.5(Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>)0.5P–In0.5Ga0.5P quantum well heterostructure laser arrays (1991)

Data are presented demonstrating the continuous (cw) operation (10–50 °C) of coupled-stripe In0.5(AlxGa1−x)0.5P–In0.5Ga0.5P multiple quantum well heterostructure (QWH) visible (λ∼655 nm) laser arrays. The ten stripe QWH arrays (3 μm emitters on 4 μm centers) are defined by ‘‘wet’’ oxidation (H2O vapor in N2 carrier gas, 550 °C) of the high gap In0.5(AlxGa1−x)0.5P upper confining layer outside of the active stripes. The gain-guided arrays exhibit relatively low cw 20 °C threshold current densities (∼1.6 kA/cm2, ∼450 μm cavity) and high output powers of 25 mW per uncoated facet (cw, 20 °C). Optical coupling between stripes results in a near diffraction-limited single-lobe far-field pattern indicative of oscillation in the lowest order supermode of the array (in-phase operation).
Requirement of a Functional Flavin Mononucleotide Prenyltransferase for the Activity of a Bacterial Decarboxylase in a Heterologous Muconic Acid Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2017)

Biotechnological production of <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>-muconic acid from renewable feedstocks is an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional, petroleum-based methods. Even though a heterologous production pathway for <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>-muconic acid has already been established in the host organism <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, the generation of industrially relevant amounts of <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>-muconic acid is hampered by the low activity of the bacterial protocatechuic acid (PCA) decarboxylase AroY isomeric subunit C<sup>iso</sup> (AroY-C<sup>iso</sup>), leading to secretion of large amounts of the intermediate PCA into the medium. In the present study, we show that the activity of AroY-C<sup>iso</sup> in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strongly depends on the strain background. We could demonstrate that the strain dependency is caused by the presence or absence of an intact genomic copy of <i>PAD1</i>, which encodes a mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of a prenylated form of the cofactor flavin mononucleotide (prFMN). The inactivity of AroY-C<sup>iso</sup> in strain CEN.PK2-1 could be overcome by plasmid-borne expression of Pad1 or its bacterial homologue AroY subunit B (AroY-B). Our data reveal that the two enzymes perform the same function in decarboxylation of PCA by AroY-C<sup>iso</sup>, although coexpression of Pad1 led to higher decarboxylase activity. Conversely, AroY-B can replace Pad1 in its function in decarboxylation of phenylacrylic acids by ferulic acid decarboxylase Fdc1. Targeting of the majority of AroY-B to mitochondria by fusion to a heterologous mitochondrial targeting signal did not improve decarboxylase activity of AroY-C<sup>iso</sup>, suggesting that mitochondrial localization has no major impact on cofactor biosynthesis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> In <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, the decarboxylation of protocatechuic acid (PCA) to catechol is the bottleneck reaction in the heterologous biosynthetic pathway for production of <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>-muconic acid, a valuable precursor for the production of bulk chemicals. In our work, we demonstrate the importance of the strain background for the activity of a bacterial PCA decarboxylase in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Inactivity of the decarboxylase is due to a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of a cofactor required for decarboxylase function. Our study reveals functional interchangeability of Pad1 and a bacterial homologue, irrespective of their intracellular localization. Our results open up new possibilities to improve muconic acid production by engineering cofactor supply. Furthermore, the results have important implications for the choice of the production strain.
Interpenetrating polymer networks from triglyceride oils containing special functional groups: A brief review1 (1983)

Abstract Although most triglyceride oils contain only double bond functionality, a few oils such as castor oil, vernonia oil, lesquerella oil, etc., contain other functional groups. These functional groups include hydroxy and epoxy groups, permitting the easy formation of polyesters and/or polyurethanes. In addition to the natural formation of epoxy‐bearing oils, the double bond functionality in ordinary triglyceride oils can be epoxidized. When these oils are polymerized to form polyesters or polyurethanes in the presence of polystyrene to synthesize interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN), a new class of tough plastics is formed.