gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mining User's Interest from Reading Behavior in E-learning System (2007)

A method based on reading behavior is proposed for capturing user's interest in E-learning System. A topic ontology is necessary to be predefined which can be used as the reference to construct user's interest model. A behavior table is generated by profile agent to record user's behaviors including underline, highlight, circle, annotation and bookmark. We adopt a behavior matrix and weight matrix to compute the user's interests in each leaf topic in the topic ontology. The user's interest about the topic ontology can be extended via support factor. An experiment is conducted to estimate the performance of our approach. It shows that our approach can capture user's interest precisely.
EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update) (2021)

Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency which all healthcare professionals need to be able to recognize and manage. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Anaphylaxis multidisciplinary Task Force has updated the 2014 guideline. The guideline was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach. The evidence was systematically reviewed and recommendations were created by weighing up benefits and harms. The guideline was peer-reviewed by external experts and reviewed in a public consultation. The use of clinical criteria to identify anaphylaxis is suggested with blood sampling for the later measurement of tryptase. The prompt use of intramuscular adrenaline as first-line management is recommended with the availability of adrenaline autoinjectors to patients in the community. Pharmacokinetic data should be provided for adrenaline autoinjector devices. Structured, comprehensive training for people at risk of anaphylaxis is recommended. Simulation training and visual prompts for healthcare professionals are suggested to improve the management of anaphylaxis. It is suggested that school policies reflect anaphylaxis guidelines. The evidence for the management of anaphylaxis remains mostly at a very low level. There is an urgent need to prioritize clinical trials with the potential to improve the management of patients at risk of anaphylaxis.
Wafer-level hybrid bonding technology with copper/polymer co-planarization (2010)

Wafer-level hybrid copper/polymer bonding technology suitable for wafer-level 3D integration (called “thinning after bonding”) was developed. A damascene process is applied for fabricating copper pads. After chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), a globally flat bonding surface is obtained by co-planarization of copper and polymer during barrier CMP. The key to this co-planarization process is optimizing polymer polishing rate by changing polymer cure temperature. As a result of this optimization, copper-copper bonding was achieved, and a seamless polymer-polymer interface was produced. Moreover, a model for local-deformation at the polymer-polymer interface is proposed. This model suggests that the adhesion strength of the bonded polymers is determined by the contact-area ratio of the polymers under thermocompression.
Quemadura por congelación con hielo seco: Caso clínico (2018)

Freezing burns are not very frequent, but a good first performance by health professionals is no less important becase of it. The treatment begins when deciding whether to reheat or not. It must be ensured that the affected area can be kept defrosted and heated until the patient arrives at the hospital. The reheating must be quick and starts by immersion in water and iodinated antiseptic solution at 38oC for 30 minutes. It is difficult to have a prognosis at the time a freezing burn occurs, because there are many factors that guide us to be unfavorable (slow or passive overheating, freezing time, appearance of dark blisters…). Therefore, we will maintain an expectant and conservative attitude, with a waiting period until the necrosis is perfectly defined. Dry ice is an element that has many uses. It has a temperature of 40 ° C below zero so it must be touched with some insulating gloves, otherwise it can cause freezing and/or dry ice burns that result in considerable injuries. It is important to take preventive measures and educate the population on the management of dry ice. This should not be stored in small spaces or rooms without adequate ventilation because CO2 could accumulate and cause suffocation.
Thermally and electrically isolated single crystal silicon structures in CMOS technology (1994)

Thermally and electrically isolated single crystal silicon structures have been fabricated using a post-processing anisotropic tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) electrochemical etch. The process was carried out on CMOS circuits fabricated by a commercial foundry. Since the etch consists of a single micromachining step performed on packaged and bonded dice, this technique has the potential for cost-effective prototyping and production of integrated sensors and circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evidence That the Human Gene for Prostate Short-chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (PSDR1) Encodes a Novel Retinal Reductase (RalR1) (2002)

All-trans-retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) that functions as an activating ligand for a family of nuclear retinoic acid receptors. The intracellular levels of retinoic acid in tissues are tightly regulated, although the mechanisms underlying the control of retinoid metabolism at the level of specific enzymes are not completely understood. In this report we present the first characterization of the retinoid substrate specificity of a novel short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) encoded by RalR1/PSDR1, a cDNA recently isolated from the human prostate (Lin, B., White, J. T., Ferguson, C., Wang, S., Vessella, R., Bumgarner, R., True, L. D., Hood, L., and Nelson, P. S. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 1611-1618). We demonstrate that RalR1 exhibits an oxidoreductive catalytic activity toward retinoids, but not steroids, with at least an 800-fold lower apparent K(m) values for NADP+ and NADPH versus NAD+ and NADH as cofactors. The enzyme is approximately 50-fold more efficient for the reduction of all-trans-retinal than for the oxidation of all-trans-retinol. Importantly, RalR1 reduces all-trans-retinal in the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of cellular retinol-binding protein type I, which is believed to sequester all-trans-retinal from nonspecific enzymes. As shown by immunostaining of human prostate and LNCaP cells with monoclonal anti-RalR1 antibodies, the enzyme is highly expressed in the epithelial cell layer of human prostate and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzymatic properties and expression pattern of RalR1 in prostate epithelium suggest that it might play a role in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis in human prostate.
Efficient stereo-to-multiview synthesis (2011)

From a rectified stereo image pair, the task of view synthesis is to generate images from any viewpoint along the baseline. The main difficulty of the problem is how to fill occluded regions. In this pa per, we present a new method for view synthesis that is both fast and accurate. Occlusions are filled using color and disparity information to produce consistent pixel estimates. Results are comparable to current state-of-the-art methods in terms of objective measures while computation time is drastically reduced. This work has applications in free-viewpoint television, angular scalability for 3D video coding/decoding, and stereo-to-multiview conversion.
Establishment of a Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line Producing a Large Amount of Anti‐diuretic Hormone (1994)

A new cancer cell line (Lu-165) producing a large amount of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH, 2.8 micrograms/g protein) was established from a 50-year-old small cell lung cancer patient presenting with a syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion. These cells grew well in serum-supplemented medium and during more than 100 passages they continued producing a large amount of this hormone. This cell line will be a useful tool for studies of the biochemistry and pathology of ADH-producing cancer.
Fluoroscopic analysis of the kinematics of deep flexion in total knee arthroplasty (2002)

Our purpose was to determine the mechanism which allows the maximum knee flexion in vivo after a posterior-cruciate-ligament (PCL)-retaining total knee arthroplasty. Using three-dimensional computer-aided design videofluoroscopy of deep squatting in 29 patients, we determined that in 72% of knees, direct impingement of the tibial insert posteriorly against the back of the femur was the factor responsible for blocking further flexion. In view of this finding we defined a new parameter termed the 'posterior condylar offset'. In 150 consecutive arthroplasties of the knee, the magnitude of posterior condylar offset was found to correlate with the final range of flexion.
Control of foot and mouth disease: lessons from the experience of the outbreak in Great Britain in 2001 (2002)

An epidemic of foot and mouth disease occurred on an unprecedented scale in Great Britain in 2001. This was characterised by widespread dissemination of disease in sheep due to infection being present but unreported for at least three weeks before the first case was identified. As envisaged by the contingency plans, existing procedures dealt rapidly with disease in many parts of the country where outbreaks were reported. Elsewhere, the scale and speed of disease spread was so great that veterinary resources had to be supplemented on the operational front by a large influx of military and administrative support. At the time of writing (June 2002), the United Kingdom Government has already identified a number of key lessons, and will learn further from this experience and from the findings of inquiries, how a future outbreak of this unprecedented nature and extent could be handled. Lessons identified so far relate to the improvement of contingency plans, the wider impact on rural businesses and communities, reassessing the possible use of emergency vaccination, the availability of serological capacity, better animal identification and movement controls, carcass disposal, communications, data handling and management information. The authors present the initial lessons learned and which formed the basis of official submissions to the inquiries. Further lessons will be learned from the findings of those inquiries.
Crystal structure of measles virus hemagglutinin provides insight into effective vaccines (2007)

Measles still remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Measles virus (MV) vaccines are highly successful, but the mechanism underlying their efficacy has been unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the MV attachment protein, hemagglutinin, responsible for MV entry. The receptor-binding head domain exhibits a cubic-shaped beta-propeller structure and forms a homodimer. N-linked sugars appear to mask the broad regions and cause the two molecules forming the dimer to tilt oppositely toward the horizontal plane. Accordingly, residues of the putative receptor-binding site, highly conserved among MV strains, are strategically positioned in the unshielded area of the protein. These conserved residues also serve as epitopes for neutralizing antibodies, ensuring the serological monotype, a basis for effective MV vaccines. Our findings suggest that sugar moieties in the MV hemagglutinin critically modulate virus-receptor interaction as well as antiviral antibody responses, differently from sugars of the HIV gp120, which allow for immune evasion.
The Propensity Score with Continuous Treatments (2004)

of the binary treatment propensity score, which we label the generalized propensity score (GPS). We demonstrate that the GPS has many of the attractive properties of the binary treatment propensity score. Just as in the binary treatment case, adjusting for this scalar function of the covariates removes all biases associated with dierences in the covariates. The GPS also has certain balancing properties that can be used to assess the adequacy of particular specications of the score. We discuss estimation and inference in a parametric
Continuous photonic microwave true-time delay using tapered chirped fibre Bragg grating (2005)

A photonic microwave true-time delay using a tapered chirped fibre Bragg grating is proposed and fabricated. A resistive heating electrode coated on the tapered fibre and a single-wavelength light was incorporated to control the time delay continuously without any mechanical perturbation and moving. It was achieved by adjusting the reflection positions of the optical signal carrying the microwave signal from within the tapered grating via the thermo-optic effect. The measured time delay was ∼120 ps with electrical power consumption of 250 mW.
Placement and replacement of composite restorations in Germany. (1996)

From 15 September to 15 October 1991, 102 dentists practicing in a rural area of Germany provided information on 3375 composite resin fillings. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to record the reasons for placement and replacement of composite resin restorations, including any change of material when replacing a filling, and to register the age of any failed restoration. First placements because of primary caries were made in 50.6% of all cases; 49.4% were replacements of failed restorations. Composite resins were used as a material for the first placement of a restoration in 19.2% of primary teeth and in 47.8% of permanent teeth. More amalgams were replaced by composites than vice versa. Secondary caries was the most frequent reason for replacement in permanent teeth and in restorations with less than four surfaces, whereas fracture caused most failures in primary teeth and in fillings with four surfaces. The median age of the replaced restorations was 43.5 months. Failed restorations with four surfaces had the lowest median age.
Mapping DNA structural variation in dogs (2008)

DNA structural variation (SV) comprises a major portion of genetic diversity, but its biological impact is unclear. We propose that the genetic history and extraordinary phenotypic variation of dogs make them an ideal mammal in which to study the effects of SV on biology and disease. The hundreds of existing dog breeds were created by selection of extreme morphological and behavioral traits. And along with those traits, each breed carries increased risk for different diseases. We used array CGH to create the first map of DNA copy number variation (CNV) or SV in dogs. The extent of this variation, and some of the gene classes affected, are similar to those of mice and humans. Most canine CNVs affect genes, including disease and candidate disease genes, and are thus likely to be functional. We identified many CNVs that may be breed or breed class specific. Cluster analysis of CNV regions showed that dog breeds tend to group according to breed classes. Our combined findings suggest many CNVs are (1) in linkage disequilibrium with flanking sequence, and (2) associated with breed-specific traits. We discuss how a catalog of structural variation in dogs will accelerate the identification of the genetic basis of canine traits and diseases, beginning with the use of whole genome association and candidate-CNV/gene approaches.
Initial operating characteristics of the battery energy storage (BEST) facility (1982)

This paper presents preliminary information about the operating characteristics of the baseline BEST Facility. The baseline BEST Facility, now complete, comprises all elements of a generic battery energy storage system. Battery and power conditioning systems supplied with the baseline facility as test equipment will be cycled during 1982-1983 to explore battery energy storage system concepts and to quantify performance. Some pertinent performance measures for evaluation of a battery energy storage system are described in the context of the baseline facility. Preliminary results are presented as illustrative material. These include energy storage capacity, power ratings, battery efficiency, control accuracy and step response, dc current ripple, reactive power control, and battery cell performance characterization.
Growth and properties of graded band-gap Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As layers (1979)

Graded band-gap AlxGa1−xAs layers were grown using isothermal LPE techniques together with undersaturated solutions. The layer thicknesses were 1500–2500 Å and the value of x in the graded layers increased monotonically to ≈0.8 at the surface. The Al depth profiles, as measured by Auger analyses, are in good agreement with those derived by assuming rapid Al diffusion through the liquid boundary layer resulting from partial dissolution of the substrate surface. It was found that the graded-layer thickness could be controlled by varying the degree of undersaturation of the solution at any given temperature.
Inverted Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes using Polyethylenimine ethoxylated modified ZnO (2015)

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging class of new materials due to their unique physical properties. In particular, colloidal QD based light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been extensively studied and developed for the next generation displays and solid-state lighting. Among a number of approaches to improve performance of the QDLEDs, the most practical one is optimization of charge transport and charge balance in the recombination region. Here, we suggest a polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) modified ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as electron injection and transport layer for inverted structure red CdSe-ZnS based QDLED. The PEIE surface modifier, incorporated on the top of the ZnO NPs film, facilitates the enhancement of both electron injection into the CdSe-ZnS QD emissive layer by lowering the workfunction of ZnO from 3.58 eV to 2.87 eV and charge balance on the QD emitter. As a result, this device exhibits a low turn-on voltage of 2.0-2.5 V and has maximum luminance and current efficiency values of 8600 cd/m(2) and current efficiency of 1.53 cd/A, respectively. The same scheme with ZnO NPs/PEIE layer has also been used to successfully fabricate green, blue, and white QDLEDs.
THE INHERITANCE OF CERTAIN BLACK AND BROWN PIGMENTS IN THE SOYBEAN (1952)

two main types of pigment in the seed coat I have been described: green and yellow pigments, and black and brown pigments. In the latter group, strains of soybeans are known with black, imperfect black, brown, light brown, reddish brown, and buff pigments. Certain types are also known with combinations of black and brown pigments.
Image Simulation for Secondary Electron Micrographs in the Scanning Electron Microscope (1987)

The interpretation of high resolution secondary electron images, and quantitative measurements of micrometer size features on integrated circuits, both require accurate modelling of the process of image formation in the scanning electron microscope. A Monte Carlo model, based on the semi-empirical theory of Salow, has been developed which permits the simultaneous computation of the secondary and backscattered yields. The physical constants necessary to apply this model can be derived from straightforward measurements of the total electron yield as a function of beam energy. On the basis of simplifying assumptions line profiles and images can then be simulated for specimens of a given geometry. The application of this technique to the problem of critical dimension metrology in the SEM is illustrated. A comparison of computed and experimental data shows that good qualitative and quantitative agreement is achieved, the quality of the comparison being limited mainly by the poor signal transfer characteristics of the video-chain of the microscope and effects such as sample charging which are not considered in the simulation.
Increased fluid secretion after adenoviral-mediated transfer of the aquaporin-1 cDNA to irradiated rat salivary glands (1997)

A replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus encoding human aquaporin-1 (hAQP1), the archetypal water channel, was constructed. This virus, AdhAQP1, directed hAQP1 expression in several epithelial cell lines in vitro. In polarized MDCK cell monolayers, hAQP1 was localized in the apical and basolateral plasma membranes. Fluid movement across monolayers infected by AdhAQP1 in response to an osmotic gradient was approximately 4-fold that seen with uninfected monolayers or monolayers infected by a control virus. When AdhAQP1 was administered to rat submandibular glands by retrograde ductal instillation, significant hAQP1 expression was observed by Western blot analysis in crude plasma membranes and by immunohistochemical staining in both acinar and ductal cells. Three or four months after exposure to a single radiation dose (17.5 or 21 Gy, respectively), AdhAQP1 administration to rat submandibular glands led to a two- to threefold increase in salivary secretion compared with secretion from glands administered a control virus. These results suggest that hAQP1 gene transfer may have potential as an unique approach for the treatment of postradiation salivary hypofunction.
Metallic conductivity at low temperatures in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

The temperature dependences of the conductivity and magnetoconductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with ${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$ (room-temperature conductivity of 200--300 S/cm) have been studied; $\ensuremath{\sigma}(T)$ is weakly temperature dependent with the characteristic resistivity ratio ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{r}$=\ensuremath{\rho}(1.4 K)/\ensuremath{\rho}(291 K)=1.5--2.8. The sign of the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) changes below 10 K from negative to positive for metallic samples with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{r}<2.1$; the temperature of the resistivity maximum, ${T}_{m}$, decreases with increasing ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{r}.$ High magnetic fields induce the transition from positive to negative TCR for all samples with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{r}<2.1$ and decrease the low-temperature conductivity (negative magnetoconductance) for samples with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{r}>2.1$. The conductivity at low temperatures is well described by a ${T}^{1/2}$ dependence in both cases (negative and positive TCR) in a magnetic field and with the magnetic field equal to zero. The magnetoconductance is negative, isotropic, and exhibits an ${H}^{2}$ dependence at low magnetic fields and an ${H}^{1/2}$ dependence at high magnetic fields. These results are successfully explained as resulting from the influence of electron-electron interactions on the low-temperature conductivity.