gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Normal Human Aging, Pathological Aging, and Senile Dementia (1985)

A review and a reappraisal are presented of earlier data on cerebral circulatory and metabolic studies in normal active elderly men (Group I) of mean age 71 years, compared with normal young subjects of mean age 21 years, conducted at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A., during 1956-1958. There was no significant difference in the mean CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) values between the two populations; i.e., these important parameters did not fall with chronological aging per se. There was significant depression in the mean cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRG) value (by approximately 23%) in the aged compared with the young. Newer methods using positron emission tomography and appropriate isotopes have confirmed these findings in normal aging in human subjects and experimental animals. As expected, MABP and cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) were significantly elevated in the normal aged. MABP was even more elevated in elderly hypertensive subjects, and the CVR more elevated in the subjects with arteriosclerosis (Group II), who also showed a small but significant fall in CBF and in internal jugular venous PO2. The CBF showed a more pronounced fall in senile aged patients with chronic brain syndrome (Group III), in whom the CMRO2 also showed a marked drop (by approximately 22%); the CMRG fell still further (approximately 40% of that in the young). Of the few aged subjects followed up after a lapse of 11 years by a repeat estimation of the same physiological and psychological parameters and of the EEG, most showed clear worsening, together with a fall in overall physical and intellectual performance, probably related to a rise in CVR and an increase in atherosclerosis with aging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computer simulation of the use of group codes with retransmission on a gilbert burst channel (1962)

A study of error control by coding was made by Monte-Carlo simulation of a burst-noise channel on an IBM (International Business Machines) 7090. Using short group codes, comparisons were made between correction and detection with retransmission. Also, the effect of interleaving the code words was studied. Error detection with retransmission showed a consistently better performance than error correction and the time division resulting from interleaving was effective in combating burst type error patterns.
Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization (2011)

The deepening links between health and foreign policy require both the diplomatic and global health communities to reexamine the skills, comprehension, and resources necessary to achieve their mutual objectives.
A Framework for Adaptive Residual Streaming for Single-Player Cloud Gaming (2019)

Applying cloud technology to 3D interactive multimedia applications is a promising way to provide flexible and cost-efficient online high-bandwidth immersive services to a large population of end users. One main reason cloud systems are popular among users is the fact that it relaxes the hardware requirements for high-end interactive visual applications. As most of the computational tasks are done on cloud servers, users no longer need to upgrade their hardware as frequently to keep up with the ever-increasing high-end computing requirements of the latest applications. Moreover, cloud systems make it easier for a user to enjoy applications on different platforms, including mobile devices that are usually not powerful enough to run high-end, memory-intensive services. In short, applying cloud technology to high-end immersive applications has advantages in cost-efficiency and flexibility both for the end users and the service providers. However, there are two main drawbacks to applying cloud technology to 3D interactive multimedia services: (1) high-bandwidth utilization and (2) latency. In this article, we propose a framework that addresses the two problems for single-player cloud gaming by using a combination of collaborative rendering, progressive meshes, and 3D image warping techniques. The experimental results show that the proposed system can reduce the bandwidth usage and improve the visual quality by utilizing local computing power on the client. The results also show that the interaction latency can be reduced somewhat by sacrificing some degree of visual quality in the end system.
Origins of <i>R</i> <sub>2</sub> <sup>∗</sup> orientation dependence in gray and white matter (2013)

Estimates of the apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2*) can be used to quantify important properties of biological tissue. Surprisingly, the mechanism of R2* dependence on tissue orientation is not well understood. The primary goal of this paper was to characterize orientation dependence of R2* in gray and white matter and relate it to independent measurements of two other susceptibility based parameters: the local Larmor frequency shift (fL) and quantitative volume magnetic susceptibility (Δχ). Through this comparative analysis we calculated scaling relations quantifying R2' (reversible contribution to the transverse relaxation rate from local field inhomogeneities) in a voxel given measurements of the local Larmor frequency shift. R2' is a measure of both perturber geometry and density and is related to tissue microstructure. Additionally, two methods (the Generalized Lorentzian model and iterative dipole inversion) for calculating Δχ were compared in gray and white matter. The value of Δχ derived from fitting the Generalized Lorentzian model was then connected to the observed R2* orientation dependence using image-registered optical density measurements from histochemical staining. Our results demonstrate that the R2* and fL of white and cortical gray matter are well described by a sinusoidal dependence on the orientation of the tissue and a linear dependence on the volume fraction of myelin in the tissue. In deep brain gray matter structures, where there is no obvious symmetry axis, R2* and fL have no orientation dependence but retain a linear dependence on tissue iron concentration and hence Δχ.
Adventures in Reporting: John Kennedy and the Cinema Verité Television Documentaries of Drew Associates (1989)

The openness of John F. Kennedy to do documentary filmmakers provided the opportunity for a unique historical record of his presidency.
Data transport on the networked surface (2002)

Networked surfaces are surfaces such as desks which provide network connectivity to specially augmented devices, for example handheld computers. When the devices are physically placed on top of the surface, they can connect to different kinds of services-mainly, but not exclusively to send and receive data. This paper discusses challenges in implementing networked surfaces, paying particular attention to data flow issues, focusing on how the various software and hardware entities comprising the surface interact to transport data to and from objects.
A hierarchical vision system (2003)

A two-stage hierarchical vision system is presented. In the first stage continuous structures of traffic scenes are mapped to code trees within a hierarchical data structure. This stage is independent of the application and hardware implementations are available (PROMETHEUS-project). At the second stage top down strategies are used for efficient image analysis. Feature extraction is implemented on a set of T800 parallel processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Antioxidant Polyphenols from Quince (Cydonia vulgaris) Peels (2008)

Thirteen new compounds, as well as 16 already known, have been isolated from organic extracts of peels of Cydonia vulgaris, a fruit of a shrub belonging to the same tribe as the apple. All of the structures were elucidated by EI- or ESI-MS and (1)H and (13)C NMR after purification of individual compounds by HPLC. Thirteen fatty acid esters of cinnamyl alcohols, three fatty acid esters of hydroxybenzoic acid, three fatty acid esters of hydroxybenzaldehyde, three glucosides of aromatic acids, four chlorogenic acids, two flavonols, and a benzylamine have been identified. The fatty acid moieties have been identified by GC-MS analysis of the methanolysis products. All of the compounds were tested for their radical scavenging and antioxidant activities by measuring their capacity to scavenge the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and anion superoxide radical and to induce the reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V). The chlorogenic acids and the flavonols exhibited more antioxidant and radical scavenger capacity than the positive standards alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The results of the tests were analyzed by cluster analysis that grouped all of the compounds on the basis of the substituents on the aromatic ring.
2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine as a Novel Hinge Binder in a Series of PI3Kδ Selective Inhibitors (2016)

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) is an appealing target for several hematological malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of a series of propeller shaped PI3Kδ inhibitors comprising a novel triaminopyrimidine hinge binder. Combinations of electronic and structural strategies were employed to mitigate aldehyde oxidase mediated metabolism. This medicinal chemistry effort culminated in the identification of 52, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ that demonstrates efficacy in a rat model of arthritis.
Statistical challenges of high-dimensional data (2009)

Modern applications of statistical theory and methods can involve extremely large datasets, often with huge numbers of measurements on each of a comparatively small number of experimental units. New methodology and accompanying theory have emerged in response: the goal of this Theme Issue is to illustrate a number of these recent developments. This overview article introduces the difficulties that arise with high-dimensional data in the context of the very familiar linear statistical model: we give a taste of what can nevertheless be achieved when the parameter vector of interest is sparse, that is, contains many zero elements. We describe other ways of identifying low-dimensional subspaces of the data space that contain all useful information. The topic of classification is then reviewed along with the problem of identifying, from within a very large set, the variables that help to classify observations. Brief mention is made of the visualization of high-dimensional data and ways to handle computational problems in Bayesian analysis are described. At appropriate points, reference is made to the other papers in the issue.
Lecciones de la economía japonesa ante la amenaza de deflación mundial (2003)

Partiendo del hecho de que la deflación es una amenaza que se cierne actualmente sobre todas las economías mundiales, el autor de este artículo estudia, primero, las diferentes medidas antideflacionistas adoptadas por Japón a lo largo de los últimos años, por considerarlo como "pionero de la deflación mundial". Más adelante, propone una serie de medidas que, a su juicio, deberían adoptar las autoridades japonesas, y termina incluyendo en su análisis la futura evolución económica de Estados Unidos, la previsible actuación del Banco de la Reserva Federal para combatir la deflación, y las repercusiones que dicha actuación podrá tener en el resto del mundo.
Quantifying the Factors Influencing Gravel Placement and Productivity of an Internally Gravel Packed Completion based on Field Data Analysis (1995)

Abstract A detailed analysis of 341 internally gravel-packed zones in wells from three oil fields was carried out to determine which parameters significantly influence the placement of the gravel in such a completion and the well's resulting productivity. The database analysis demonstrates that, in addition to the well-known impairing factors, such as dirty completion fluids and viscous fluid-loss control pills, the performance of gravel packs can be improved by increasing the number of perforations—especially in 7" completions. This suggests that the perforation tunnel is the most critical area in an internally gravel-packed completion.
Two-way calling public CT2 telepoint system (1995)

In most current implementations of CT2 telepoint systems, only handset initiated calls are allowed. This paper describes a design to allow two-way calling for the CT2 public telepoint system with minimal modifications to the current CT2 infrastructure and the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The design makes use of centralized databases in the home location register (HLR) and visitor location registers (VLR) to track the location of handsets. This location information is stored in the VLR and HLR, and is used by the PSTN to route incoming calls destined for CT2 handsets to the appropriate CT2 telepoint base station (TBS). The TBS connect to the PSTN local exchanges (LE) through the integrated services digital network (ISDN) basic rate interfaces (BRI) for fast out-of-band signaling. We present simulation results of the system with the objective of determining where congestion might occur within the system and to understand the impact of the new implementation on the PSTN. The results indicate that the performance of the system will be limited by the VLR processing speed and the number of ISDN BRI's connecting the ISDN front end (IFE) to the PSTN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of platelet-activating factor on peripheral blood monocytes: induction and priming for TNF secretion. (1990)

Inflammatory-type responses are complex events involving several cellular interactions and several cytokines. Both the monocytes/macrophages and platelet-activating factor (PAF) play an important and central role in inflammatory responses. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of PAF on function and priming of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). Several observations were made that demonstrated that PBM respond to PAF stimulation. The addition of PAF to freshly isolated PBM triggered the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the supernatant in the absence of induction of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, unlike interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of TNF was detected shortly after addition of PAF and was dependent on the PAF concentration used. By 4-6 h, the level of TNF, as detected by radioimmunoassay, reached a plateau and remained the same for 24 h. While biologically active and cytotoxic TNF was detected early after addition of PAF, the cytotoxic activity declined thereafter though the antigenic activity remained constant. Supernatants derived from PAF-treated PBM contained an inhibitor of TNF biological activity. We then examined whether PBM can be primed with PAF and respond to a secondary challenge. PBM primed with PAF respond by secreting TNF to both phorbol myristate acetate and concanavalin A but respond poorly to PAF, LPS, or IFN-gamma. These results suggest that following priming, PBM remain refractory to specific secondary stimuli but can still respond to non-specific stimuli. Overall, the present findings demonstrate that PAF can directly interact with PBM and regulate their functional activity. We suggest that PAF may mediate part of its biological activity via the macrophage and further, monocyte secretion of PAF can in turn regulate monocyte function. Further, cytokine secretion by PAF-activated PBM may contribute to the inflammatory process.
A Case For Shorter Queries, and Helping Users Create Them (2007)

Information retrieval systems are frequently required to handle long queries. Simply using all terms in the query or relying on the underlying retrieval model to appropriately weight terms often leads to ineffective retrieval. We show that rewriting the query to a version that comprises a small subset of appropriate terms from the original query greatly improves effectiveness. Targeting a demonstrated potential improvement of almost 50 % on some difficult TREC queries and their associated collections, we develop a suite of automatic techniques to re-write queries and study their characteristics. We show that the shortcomings of automatic methods can be ameliorated by some simple user interaction, and report results that are on average 25 % better than the baseline. 1
Reversal of Diabetes in Mice by Intrahepatic Injection of Bone‐derived GFP‐murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with the Recombinant Retrovirus‐carrying Human Insulin Gene (2007)

Experimental diabetes could be relieved effectively for up to 6 weeks by intrahepatic transplantation of murine mesenchymal stem cells expressing human insulin. This study implies a novel approach of gene therapy for type I diabetes.
Current and future treatment modalities for<i>Clostridium difficile</i>-associated disease (2008)

CDAD is a major concern for health care systems and clinicians. New diagnostic tests with increased sensitivity for detecting CDAD with a short turnaround time are necessary for early treatment and prevention. Continued research for more effective treatments and vaccine development for CDAD is also needed.
Oral ingestion of silver nanoparticles induces genomic instability and DNA damage in multiple tissues (2014)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer and medical products. However, most AgNP toxicity data are based on in vitro studies. Only a few studies were performed in mammals and no studies systematically assessed cancer risk of AgNPs. In this study, we examined whether oral exposure to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNPs induces DNA damage and permanent genome alterations, and modulates DNA repair gene expression in vivo in mice. We found that AgNPs induced large DNA deletions in developing embryos, irreversible chromosomal damage in bone marrow, and double strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow. DNA Repair RT Profiler PCR Array showed that AgNPs altered expression of 36 of the 84 genes from which 24 genes were downregulated and 12 genes were upregulated. In particular, AgNPs downregulated a significant proportion of base excision repair (BER) genes. We hypothesized that downregulation of BER by AgNPs contributes to oxidative DNA damage and subsequent genomic instability, which predicts that BER defects enhance sensitivity to AgNPs. We tested this hypothesis in mice deficient in MutY homologue (Myh). Myh excises adenine mispaired with 8-oxoguanine to counteract its promutagenic activity and also has a role in cell cycle check points and apoptosis. MYH mutations are common in humans and predispose to colorectal and other types of cancer. Myh deficient mice were hypersensitive to AgNP-induced chromosomal damage. In summary, oral ingestion of AgNPs induces permanent genome alterations and may therefore cause cancer. In addition, BER defects, especially, Myh mutations, enhance sensitivity to AgNPs.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Two Different Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Systems for the Successful Extubation of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants (2003)

Extubation failure is a common problem, occurring in nearly 40% of ELBW infants who require mechanical ventilation. IF CPAP was as effective but no more effective than conventional CPAP in preventing extubation failure among ELBW infants. New strategies are needed to identify predictors of extubation success and to treat apnea/bradycardia, the most common cause of extubation failure, thereby reducing the likelihood of prolonged intubation in this high-risk cohort of premature infants.
Mussel‐mimetic tissue adhesive for fetal membrane repair: a standardized <i>ex vivo</i> evaluation using elastomeric membranes (2011)

Mussel glue appears to efficiently seal membrane defects under well-standardized ex vivo conditions. As repaired membranes resist pressures measured in amniotic cavities, mussel glue might represent a novel sealing method for iatrogenic membrane defects.
<b>A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities</b> (1996)

The pleiotropic effect of the fob1 mutation suggests that homologous recombination at HOT1 is closely linked with DNA replication fork blocking event at RFB.
A comparison of exercise type and intensity on the noninvasive assessment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using near-infrared spectroscopy (2012)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to measure muscle oxygen consumption (mVO(2)) using arterial occlusions. The recovery rate of mVO(2) after exercise can provide an index of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study was to test the influence of exercise modality and intensity on NIRS measurements of mitochondrial function. Three experiments were performed. Thirty subjects (age: 18-27 yr) were tested. NIRS signals were corrected for blood volume changes. The recovery of mVO(2) after exercise was fit to a monoexponential curve, and a rate constant was calculated (directly related to mitochondrial function). No differences were found in NIRS rate constants for VOL and ES exercises (2.04 ± 0.57 vs. 2.01 ± 0.59 min(-1) for VOL and ES, respectively; P = 0.317). NIRS rate constants were independent of the contraction frequency for both VOL and ES (VOL: P = 0.166 and ES: P = 0.780). ES current intensity resulted in significant changes to the normalized time-tension integral (54 ± 11, 82 ± 7, and 100 ± 0% for low, medium, and high currents, respectively; P < 0.001) but did not influence NIRS rate constants (2.02 ± 0.54, 1.95 ± 0.44, 2.02 ± 0.46 min(-1) for low, medium, and high currents, respectively; P = 0.771). In summary, NIRS measurements of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function can be compared between VOL and ES exercises and were independent of the intensity of exercise. NIRS represents an important new technique that is practical for testing in research and clinical settings.
Dynamic mechanical properties and structure of <i>in situ</i> cured polyurethane/hydrogenated nitrile rubber compounds: Effect of carbon black type (2011)

Abstract A peroxide‐curable hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) was modified by in situ crosslinked polyurethane (PU) in a 1 : 1 weight ratio. PU was formed from solid PU precursors, polyester polyol, and blocked polyisocyanate incorporated in the HNBR during the curing of the latter. HNBR/PU blends containing carbon black (CB) of different types (N234, N330, and N550) were prepared in this work. Thirty parts of CB per hundred parts of polymer matrix (HNBR and PU) were used. The curing of PU was followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Information of the phase structure was derived from DSC and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. DMA results suggested that a quasi‐interpenetrating network structure developed in the HNBR/PU blend. This was confirmed also by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy inspections. The partition of CB between the PU and HNBR was assessed by TEM. It was established that CB was exclusively located in the HNBR phase. CB N234 proved to be more efficient reinforcement than N330 and N550. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Construction and Expression of HBV Gene Eukaryotic Cell Expression Vector (2001)

Objective:To construct a mammalian HBV recombinant vector pBK HBV carrying entire HBV genome and to test for replication,transcription and expression of pBK HBV in the SMMC 7721.Methods:Using molecular subclone technique, pBK HBV was prepared by insertion of the entire HBV genoma into the EcoRI site in the MCS of pBK CMV .A human hepatoma cell line,SMMC 7721 was transfected with pBK HBV ,using FUGNE TM 6 transfection reagent.Results: pBK HBV DNA/mRNA was identified by PCR/RT PCR.HBsAg and HBeAg were identified by solid phase radioimmunoassay,HBcAg by immunocytochemistry assay in cells and in supernatant .Conclusion:The recombinant vector pKB HBV can be effectively replicated,transcribed and expressed in SMMC 7721 cell.