gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Oxidation Kinetics of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Encapsulation in Graphene Shells by Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth (2012)

High-throughput chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon or graphene shells encapsulating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is a challenge due to limited solubility of carbon in AuNPs. Such a growth is only possible by utilizing surface-oxidized AuNPs. There is a lack of fundamental understanding regarding the role of morphology and surface oxidation of AuNPs in the formation of graphene shells. Here, we studied a simple wet-chemical synthesis of AuNPs with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant and the effect of postsynthesis quenching on size, shape, and defect density of AuNPs. In the next step, plasma oxidation kinetics of AuNPs to form surface gold oxide (AuOx) was studied. The surface gold oxide shell thickness was found to be independent of stoichiometry of AuOx and followed the Cabrera–Mott model for oxidation kinetics. The surface-oxidized AuNPs were further utilized as catalysts for the growth of graphene shell encapsulated AuNPs (GNPs) in a xylene CVD process. The unstable surface gold oxide played a major role in the CVD process by accepting electrons from the incoming carbon feed, resulting in graphene shells around AuNPs. On the other hand, surface oxidized AuNPs with lattice defects, in a similar xylene CVD process, resulted in amorphous carbon and distorted graphene shells encapsulating AuNPs. Overall, this study reveals the mechanisms and critical factors relevant to the growth of GNPs. Such an approach for hybridizing graphene shells with AuNPs is promising for nanoelectronics and sensing.
Armed/disarmed effects in glycosyl donors: rationalization and sidetracking (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArmed/disarmed effects in glycosyl donors: rationalization and sidetrackingBert Fraser-Reid, Zufan Wu, Uko E. Udodong, and Hakan OttossonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 25, 6068–6070Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00312a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00312a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1861Altmetric-Citations240LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of opioids on Ca2+ /cAMP responsive element binding protein (2000)

Ca2+/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is an important factor linking the opioid-regulated secondary messenger systems to alterations in gene expression. Opioids regulate CREB level, its phosphorylation and binding to its corresponding response element in the promoters of several genes implicated in drug addiction. CREB mediates the action of opioids on the expression of several genes in brain regions responsible for drug-seeking behavior and manifestation of signs of dependence. Moreover, alterations in CREB level can effect the rewarding properties of morphine and regulate the self-administration of cocaine. At the cellular level CREB acts as convergence point for different cellular pathways. Opioids affect two different intracellular mediator systems: inhibitory--connected with cAMP, and stimulatory--involving calcium and the PKC pathway. Both can affect CREB but in different phases of opiate action. The presence of this biphasic mechanism can explain the phenomenon of the induction of some CRE-controlled genes after both acute and chronic morphine administration. Cellular studies also highlight the relevance of other ATF/CREB family members which can affect Ca2+/cAMP response element (CRE) controlled transcription as well as other transcription factors which make the opioid induction longer lasting.
PATTERNS OF CORNEAL GRAFT REJECTION IN THE RABBIT AND REVERSAL OF REJECTION WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (1992)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the local administration of monoclonal antibodies could reverse rabbit corneal graft rejection. To provide a rational basis for the choice of monoclonal antibodies as potential immunosuppressive agents, the phenotypes of cells infiltrating rejecting rabbit corneal allografts were examined by immunohistochemistry. About half the leukocytes accumulating in these grafts bore an immunodominant T cell marker, over two-thirds carried MHC class II antigens, and about one-fifth carried myeloid cell markers. A kinetic study of the cell population appearing in rabbit aqueous during corneal graft rejection was performed by examination of repetitive anterior chamber taps taken over a ten-day period; again, the major components were T cells, MHC class II antigen-positive cells and myeloid cells. Monoclonal antibodies L11/135 (directed against a peripheral T cell determinant), 2C4 (directed against a monomorphic MHC class II antigen), and LION 2 (directed against a myeloid antigen) were chosen for intracameral injection into rabbits with rejecting corneal grafts. Each animal received a total of 50-100 micrograms of antibody in two injections at 3-4-day intervals. L11/135 and LION 2 reversed rejection in 5/9 and 8/12 animals, respectively, in the absence of any other immunosuppression; 2C4 was without effect. We suggest that monoclonal antibody therapy in corneal transplantation deserves further attention.
Easy preparation of crosslinked polymer films from polyoxyalkylene diamine and poly(styrene–maleic anhydride) for electrostatic dissipation (2006)

Abstract The curing reaction of polyoxyalkylene diamine and poly(styrene–maleic anhydride) was able to produce polymer films that were hygroscopic in nature. The process involved the formation of an imine intermediate by dissolving the diamine monomers in a ketone solvent, followed by instant casting into films before the solution self‐cured into a gel product. Hydrophilic films were formed by the fast reaction of amine with anhydride while evaporating the solvent under vacuum. The resulting films exhibited dissipation of electrostatic charges over a wide range, from 10 9.4 to 10 4.1 Ω/sq surface resistivity. The low resistivity was attributed to the functionality of hydrophilic polyoxyethylene (POE), which was able to adsorb moisture and optionally to the added metal ion salts. Furthermore, the slightly crosslinked network prevented POE from having crystallinity and rendered the films solvent resistant, thermally stable, and suitable for applications as antistatic and polymeric electrolytes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 716–723, 2007
Capacity improvement in UMTS by dedicated radio resource management (2003)

The IMT-2000 standard UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) is based on wideband CDMA (code division multiple access). The service quality in terms of coverage, data rates, bit error rates, etc., and the system capacity depend on the radio resource management (RRM), i.e., the service-specific dynamic allocation of transmit powers, spreading factors, and codes to the individual users. In addition, macrodiversity allows "soft handoff" and load distribution between adjacent cells. Two new dedicated downlink RRM functions are presented to increase the average signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) and the user capacity, taking into consideration the assignment of scrambling codes (SC) and the power allocation in case of macrodiversity. The presented scrambling code allocation method is shown to enhance the cell capacity in a UMTS-FDD system. The improvement is derived analytically and confirmed by statistical system simulations. For macrodiversity, a combination of power partitioning and pilot power control can increase the capacity of a single cell. The size of macrodiversity areas can be adjusted to a certain extent by these mechanisms. Thus, the power resources of less loaded cells can be exploited more efficiently.
Crosswell Electromagnetic Tomography: From Resistivity Mapping to Interwell Fluid Distribution (2008)

A crosswell electromagnetic (EM) technology trial project has been conducted in Haradh field in Saudi Arabia, located in the southern part of Ghawar field. The project objective is to map the fluid distribution and monitor the movement of injected water. Crosswell EM resistivity is one of the technologies that can be deployed for deep reservoir surveillance during hydrocarbon production.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diquino(2,3‐a:2′,3′‐c)acridine‐6,12,18(5H,14H,17H)‐trione (Triquinolonobenzene). (1990)

ChemInformVolume 21, Issue 27 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diquino(2,3-a:2′,3′-c)acridine-6,12,18(5H,14H,17H)-trione (Triquinolonobenzene). M. D. GORDON, M. D. GORDON E. I. Du Pont de Nemours&Co., Chem. &Pigments Dep., Jackson Lab., Wilmington, DE 19898, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. E. JAFFE, E. E. JAFFE E. I. Du Pont de Nemours&Co., Chem. &Pigments Dep., Jackson Lab., Wilmington, DE 19898, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. FORIS, A. FORIS E. I. Du Pont de Nemours&Co., Chem. &Pigments Dep., Jackson Lab., Wilmington, DE 19898, USASearch for more papers by this author M. D. GORDON, M. D. GORDON E. I. Du Pont de Nemours&Co., Chem. &Pigments Dep., Jackson Lab., Wilmington, DE 19898, USASearch for more papers by this authorE. E. JAFFE, E. E. JAFFE E. I. Du Pont de Nemours&Co., Chem. &Pigments Dep., Jackson Lab., Wilmington, DE 19898, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. FORIS, A. FORIS E. I. Du Pont de Nemours&Co., Chem. &Pigments Dep., Jackson Lab., Wilmington, DE 19898, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: July 3, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.199027223Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume21, Issue27July 3, 1990 RelatedInformation
New High Sensitive Electron Resist Materials (1973)

New negative‐working electron resist materials have been synthesized, their sensitivities and technological properties were investigated and compared with the data of materials known from the literature.
Overexpression of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase in transgenic mice leads to insulin resistance. (1996)

The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway has been hypothesized to be involved in mediating some of the toxic effects of hyperglycemia. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFA), the first and rate limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, was overexpressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of transgenic mice. A 2.4-fold increase of GFA activity in muscle of the transgenic mice led to weight-dependent hyperinsulinemia in random-fed mice. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique confirmed that transgenic mice develop insulin resistance, with a glucose disposal rate of 68.5 +/- 3.5 compared with 129.4 +/- 9.4 mg/kg per min (P < 0.001) for littermate controls. The decrease in the glucose disposal rate of the transgenic mice is accompanied by decreased protein but not mRNA levels of the insulin-stimulated glucose transporter (GLUT4). These data support the hypothesis that excessive flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway mediates adverse regulatory and metabolic effects of hyperglycemia, specifically insulin resistance of glucose disposal. These mice can serve as a model system to study the mechanism for the regulation of glucose homeostasis by hexosamines.
Effect of medium pH on the reactivity ratios in acrylamide acrylic acid copolymerization (2006)

Abstract The copolymerization reactivity ratios of acrylic acid and acrylamide are found at pH 5 and pH 2. Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) has been used for the first time to monitor the synthesis of polyelectrolytic copolymers. The composition drift during the reactions revealed that at pH 5, the acrylamide participates more in the copolymer, and at pH 2, the acrylic acid incorporates in the system at a higher ratio. The copolymerization data were analyzed by a recent error in variables (EVM) type calculation method developed for obtaining the reactivity ratios by on‐line monitoring and gave at pH 5 reactivity ratios r Aam = 1.88 ± 0.17, r Aac = 0.80 ± 0.07 and at pH 2 r Aam = 0.16 ± 0.04, r Aac = 0.88 ± 0.08. The results show that the reactivity ratios depend strongly on the pH of the medium. The effect of polyelectrolytic interactions on the reactivity ratios is discussed in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 968–974, 2007
Text searching on Splash 2 (2002)

The paper proposes a flexible, reprogrammable hardware solution to the acceleration of text-based keyword search problems. In these problems, a stream of input text is checked against a known list of keywords (a dictionary) for occurrences of those keywords in the text. The authors' solution employs an attached processor called Splash 2, which exploits the speed and reconfigurability of field programmable gate array technology. The Splash 2 system was designed and built at the SRC for a wide variety of applications. A Splash 2 system is comprised of an interface board to a Sun Sparc-2 host and up to 16 Splash boards, each of which contains 16 Xilinx 4010 FPGAs interconnected in a linear array and also through a 16-way full crossbar switch. Each Xilinx chip is coupled with a 4 Mbit static RAM through a dedicated interface. The text searching program implemented on a one-board Splash 2 system is capable of processing text at an estimated rate of 50 million characters per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloning and characterization of a mouse 3-methyladenine/7-methl-guanine/-methylguanine DNA glycosylase cDNA whose gene maps to chromosme 11 (1993)

In Escherichia coli, the repair of 3-methyladenine (3MeA) DNA lesions by DNA glycosylases prevents alkylation induced cell death. We described previously the isolation of a human 3MeA DNA glycosylase (AAG) cDNA that maps to chromosome 16 and hybridizes to specific genomic DNA fragments from a number of mammals, including mouse. As a first step in the generation of a 3MeA DNA glycosylase deficient mouse by homologous replacement in embryonic stem cells, we have cloned the mouse 3MeA DNA glycosylase cDNA. The cloned 1095 base pair cDNA contains a complete 333 amino acid open reading frame that predicts a 36.5 kDa protein and hybridizes to a 1.5 kb mRNA transcript. Mouse 3MeA DNA glycosylase (Aag) transcript levels vary by up to 21 fold among tissues, being highest in the testes and lowest in the heart. The Aag cDNA encodes a glycosylase able to release 3MeA, 7-methylguanine (7MeG) and 3-methylguanine (3MeG) from alkylated DNA. The expression of Aag in E. coli provides substantial resistance against killing by methylating agents, but, unlike its E. coli counterparts, the Aag glycosylase fails to protect against killing by ethylating and propylating agents. A 232 amino acid stretch of the predicted mouse protein shares extensive amino acid identity with rat (93%) and human (83%) 3MeA DNA glycosylases and we observe that all three mammalian glycosylases have a bipartite nuclear localization signal. The Aag gene maps to mouse chromosome 11, suggesting a segment of conserved synteny between mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 16, which bears the human 3MeA DNA glycosylase gene. Cloning the mouse 3MeA DNA glycosylase cDNA is a step toward understanding the role of this DNA repair enzyme in mammals.
Abort-oriented concurrency control for real-time databases (2001)

There has been growing interest in the performance of transaction systems that have significant response time requirements. These requirements are usually specified as hard or soft deadlines on individual transactions and a concurrency control algorithm must attempt to meet the deadlines as well as preserve data consistency. This paper proposes a class of simple and efficient abort-oriented concurrency control algorithms in which the schedulability of a transaction system is improved by aborting transactions that introduce excessive blockings. We consider different levels of the aborting relationship among transactions and evaluate the impacts of the aborting relationship when the relationship is built in an online or offline fashion. We measure aborting overheads on a system running the LynxOS real time operating system. The strengths of the work are demonstrated by improving the worst-case schedulability of an avionics example, a satellite control system, and randomly generated transaction sets.
Dual-band and dual-polarized gridded patch antenna element (2000)

This paper presents a novel printed antenna element capable of providing high-quality radioelectric performance in two frequency bands with a separation ratio in the range of approximately 1:1–1:3. The properties of printed grids are generalized to improve the polarization purity and the band isolation of this dual-band, dual-polarization patch element. A GSM/2DCS patch antenna with slot coupling excitation is described, and the possibilities offered by this technique are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 265–268, 2000.
Acquisition of Interleukin‐5 Secretion by Human Naive T‐Helper Cells is Regulated by Distinct Signals from both the T‐Cell Receptor/CD3 Complex and CD2 (1998)

We developed a human naive T-helper (Th) cell differentiation model with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), using a B-cell line as source of costimulation. In this system, we examined the contribution of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3-derived signals and that of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and CD2 in regulating Th-cell subset differentiation. We found that lowering the level of anti-CD3 MoAb decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, while increasing secretion of the Th2 cytokines, interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-13 (IL-13). Secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was not influenced by the strength of the anti-CD3 signal. Under conditions where Th0 cells are generated, co-culture with anti-CD2 F(ab')2 MoAb led to the generation of Th cells that secreted 30-35% less IL-5, while not affecting secretion of IFN-gamma or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). By contrast, anti-CD18 MoAb F(ab')2 inhibited IFN-gamma and GM-CSF levels only in the primary stimulation, but did not affect cytokine levels after restimulation. Neither anti-CD2 nor anti-CD18 F(ab')2 MoAbs could alter cytokine secretion profiles of peripheral blood-derived memory/effector Th cells. Our results indicate that acquisition of IL-5 secretion capability by Th cells is regulated mainly by signals transduced by the TCR/CD3 complex and by the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4), while the CD2/LFA-3 pathway plays an additional, but minor, role. These regulatory CD2-derived signals, however, are distinct from those generated by the TCR/CD3 complex.
CryoEM structures of two spliceosomal complexes: starter and dessert at the spliceosome feast (2016)

The spliceosome is formed on pre-mRNA substrates from five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs), and numerous non-snRNP factors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP comprises U5 snRNA, U4/U6 snRNA duplex and approximately 30 proteins and represents a substantial part of the spliceosome before activation. Schizosaccharomyces pombe U2.U6.U5 spliceosomal complex is a post-catalytic intron lariat spliceosome containing U2 and U5 snRNPs, NTC (nineteen complex), NTC-related proteins (NTR), U6 snRNA, and an RNA intron lariat. Two recent papers describe near-complete atomic structures of these complexes based on cryoEM single-particle analysis. The U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP structure provides crucial insight into the activation mechanism of the spliceosome. The U2.U6.U5 complex reveals the striking architecture of NTC and NTR and important features of the group II intron-like catalytic RNA core remaining after spliced mRNA is released. These two structures greatly advance our understanding of the mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing.
Hey, I'm No Superman: The Teacher as Hero (2014)

Alan Block’s Hey, I’m No Superman: The Teacher as Hero, is a engaging journey through teacher identity formation as it relates to current education reform efforts.
Assessing melatonin and its oxidative metabolites amounts in biological fluid and culture medium by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) (2013)

The introduction of precise analytical technologies in the biological area is needed to increase the knowledge of the fundamental processes occurring in the animal and human domain. The objective of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and selective method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) using electrospray ionization for the simultaneous detection and quantification of melatonin (MEL) and its metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin (6-HMEL), N2-acetyl-N1-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-metoxykynuramine (AMK). Using this methodology, we have studied the role of melatonin and its metabolites in the mammalian embryo in vitro production system, which is fundamental due to the antioxidant and signaling roles of these compounds. Samples comprised of bovine follicular fluid (FF) and tissue culture medium (TCM 199). The optimized procedure uses liquid–liquid extraction with MS monitoring via selective reaction monitoring (SRM). Low limits of detection/quantification were obtained, 3/10 pg mL−1 for MEL, AFMK and AMK and 30/100 pg mL−1 for 6-HMEL, respectively using deuterated melatonin (MEL-d4) as the internal standard (IS). Validation and correlation coefficients were higher than 0.999 and recoveries were 80–108%. Precision was evaluated as repeatability and intermediate precision with relative standard deviation values <3.55%. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of pooled FF and TCM 199 samples and results suggest that MEL and its metabolites are involved in oocyte maturation and that their proper quantitation is essential to monitor and study their role in such a process.
Correlating Second Harmonic Optical Responses of Single Ag Nanoparticles with Morphology (2005)

Femtosecond laser excited second harmonic (SH) activity from single Ag nanoparticles is reported. A correlation of SH single-particle measurements with high-resolution imaging of particle morphology by TEM was achieved by creating position markers on an optical and electron transparent substrate (Si3N4 thin film, approximately 100 nm). We compared the SH activity of single Ag nanoparticles (nanospheres versus nanorods) and cluster structures (composed of two or multiple particles, e.g., dimers and trimers). The direct correlation of single-particle structures and SH activity, spectral and power dependence, strongly suggests one-photon resonant driven nonlinear oscillator response mechanism.