gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information Retrieval Perspective to Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Data Visualization (2010)

Nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods are often used to visualize high-dimensional data, although the existing methods have been designed for other related tasks such as manifold learning. It has been difficult to assess the quality of visualizations since the task has not been well-defined. We give a rigorous definition for a specific visualization task, resulting in quantifiable goodness measures and new visualization methods. The task isinformationretrieval given the visualization: to find similar data based on the similarities shown on the display. The fundamental tradeoff between precision and recall of information retrieval can then be quantified in visualizations as well. The user needs to give the relative cost of missing similar points vs. retrieving dissimilar points, after which the total cost can be measured. We then introduce a new method NeRV (neighbor retrieval visualizer) which produces an optimal visualization by minimizing the cost. We further derive a variant for supervised visualization; class information is taken rigorously into account when computing the similarity relationships. We show empirically that the unsupervised version outperforms existing unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods in the visualization task, and the supervised version outperforms existing supervised methods.
Nonconscious semantic processing of emotional words modulates conscious access (2006)

Whether masked words can be processed at a semantic level remains a controversial issue in cognitive psychology. Although recent behavioral studies have demonstrated masked semantic priming for number words, attempts to generalize this finding to other categories of words have failed. Here, as an alternative to subliminal priming, we introduce a sensitive behavioral method to detect nonconscious semantic processing of words. The logic of this method consists of presenting words close to the threshold for conscious perception and examining whether their semantic content modulates performance in objective and subjective tasks. Our results disclose two independent sources of modulation of the threshold for access to consciousness. First, prior conscious perception of words increases the detection rate of the same words when they are subsequently presented with stronger masking. Second, the threshold for conscious access is lower for emotional words than for neutral ones, even for words that have not been previously consciously perceived, thus implying that written words can receive nonconscious semantic processing.
License plate location method based on modified HSI model of color image (2009)

License plate locating is the key of license plate recognition in Intelligent traffic system. License plate location method based on modified HSI model of color image is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we preprocess image, including image conpression and filtering; Candidate regions of vehicle license plate are detected by using modified HSI model, which is transformed from RGB model; finally, we validate the candidate according to the texture feature of license plates and prior knowedge. In this way, vehicle license plate can be accurately located. Test shows the license plate location rate of success is 95.1%, and average processing rate is 0.035 second per frame, which meets the requirements of processing rate in real-time system.
Spiro-Linked Ter-, Penta-, and Heptafluorenes as Novel Amorphous Materials for Blue Light Emission (2002)

A series of spiro-linked oligofluorenes were synthesized that exhibit blue emission with photoluminescence quantum yields in some cases exceeding 0.50 in neat spin-coated films. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed highly variable glass transition temperatures. A longer conjugation length is desired for better stability against thermally activated crystallization, and a shorter pendant is desired for a higher glass transition temperature at a given conjugation length. In contrast to poly(2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)), prolonged heating of spiro-oligo(fluorene) films resulted in no changes in morphology, emissive color, and photoluminescence quantum yield. The propensity of spiro-oligo(fluorene)s to thermally activated crystallization was rationalized with molecular shapes predicted by molecular mechanics simulations.
The Methionyl Aminopeptidase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> Can Function as an Iron(II) Enzyme (1999)

The identity of the physiologically relevant metal ions for the methionyl aminopeptidase (MetAP) from Escherichia coli was investigated and is suggested to be Fe(II). The metal content of whole cells in the absence and presence of expression of the type I MetAP from E. coli was determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission analysis. The observed change in whole cell concentrations of cobalt, cadmium, copper, nickel, strontium, titanium, and vanadium upon expression of MetAP was negligible. On the other hand, significant increases in the cellular metal ion concentrations of chromium, zinc, manganese, and iron were observed with the increase in iron concentration being 4.4 and 6.2 times greater than that of manganese and zinc, respectively. Activity assays of freshly lysed BL21(DE3) cells containing the pMetAAP plasmid revealed detectable levels (>2 units/mg) of MetAP activity. Control experiments with BL21(DE3) without the MetAP plasmid showed no detectable enzymatic activity. Since MetAP is active upon expression, these data strongly suggest that cobalt is not the in vivo metal ion for the MetAP from E. coli. The MetAP from E. coli as purified was found to be catalytically inactive (</=2 units/mg). ICP emission analysis of the as-purified enzyme revealed no catalytically relevant metal ions. Both the Co(II)- and Fe(II)-MetAP enzymes are susceptible to autoxidation, so strict care must be taken to remove all dissolved oxygen. Enzymatic assays performed under anaerobic conditions indicated that of the di- and trivalent metal cations tested to date, only Co(II) (37.3 units/mg), Fe(II) (29.7 units/mg), Mn(II) (7.0 units/mg), and Zn(II) (3.3 units/mg) provided detectable levels of enzymatic activity. In each case, excess metal ions were found to be inhibitory. The observed specific activity of Co(II)-MetAP is more than 3 times greater than that previously reported for the MetAP from E. coli [Ben-Bassat, A., et al. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 751-757]. This increase in activity is likely due to the strict exclusion of air from reaction samples. Oxidation of either the Fe(II) or Co(II) form of the enzyme resulted in the complete loss of catalytic activity. The substrate binding constants (K(m)) for Met-Gly-Met-Met binding to the Co(II)- or Fe(II)-substituted MetAP enzymes, under anaerobic conditions, were found to be 3.16 and 1.95 mM, respectively. The combination of these data suggests that the in vivo metal ions for the MetAP enzyme from E. coli are likely Fe(II) ions.
Maximal dynamic range electrotactile stimulation waveforms (1992)

A new method to measure the dynamic range of electrotactile (electrocutaneous) stimulation uses both steepest ascent (gradient) and one-variable-at-a-time methods to determine the waveform variables that maximize the subjective magnitude (intensity) of the electrotactile percept at the maximal current without discomfort for balanced-biphasic pulse bursts presented at a 15-Hz rate. The magnitude at the maximal current without discomfort is maximized by the following waveform (range tested in parentheses): number of pulses/burst = 6 (1-20), pulse repetition rate within a burst = 350 Hz (200-1500), and phase width = 150 microseconds (40-350). The interphase interval (separation between positive and negative phases in a biphasic pulse) does not affect dynamic range from 0-500 microseconds. The number of pulses/burst has a large effect on the perceived dynamic range when this is measured using a subjective-magnitude-based algorithm, whereas it has little effect on the traditional dynamic range measure, i.e., (maximal current without discomfort)/(sensation threshold current). The perceived stimulus magnitude at the maximal current without discomfort is approximately twice as strong with 6 pulses/burst as it is with 1 pulse/burst (a frequently-used waveform).
A Next Generation Operator Environment to Turn Context-Aware Services into a Commercial Reality (2008)

Network operators can play an essential role in turning widely investigated context-aware services into a commercial reality. The Nokia Siemens Networks NEON project aims to develop a virtual network operator environment that can leverage the opportunities offered by packet-based multi-access networks, increasingly more powerful mobile devices, and service provider business practices to enhance the end user experience with value-added services. This paper primarily focuses on the support provided by the NEON network to fully accomplish context-aware services. We present the design and implementation of the NEON network currently in use in Nokia Siemens Networks premises with a special focus on the context services it provides. We assessed the performance of such services in terms of latency and power consumption on smart phones and we used them to implement the communication dispatcher, a prototype application that enables efficient context-aware user-to-user multi-terminal communication.
Identification of Symptomatic Fetuses Infected with Cytomegalovirus Using Amniotic Fluid Peptide Biomarkers (2016)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection, and is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neurological disabilities. Evaluating the risk for a CMV infected fetus to develop severe clinical symptoms after birth is crucial to provide appropriate guidance to pregnant women who might have to consider termination of pregnancy or experimental prenatal medical therapies. However, establishing the prognosis before birth remains a challenge. This evaluation is currently based upon fetal imaging and fetal biological parameters, but the positive and negative predictive values of these parameters are not optimal, leaving room for the development of new prognostic factors. Here, we compared the amniotic fluid peptidome between asymptomatic fetuses who were born as asymptomatic neonates and symptomatic fetuses who were either terminated in view of severe cerebral lesions or born as severely symptomatic neonates. This comparison allowed us to identify a 34-peptide classifier in a discovery cohort of 13 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic neonates. This classifier further yielded 89% sensitivity, 75% specificity and an area under the curve of 0.90 to segregate 9 severely symptomatic from 12 asymptomatic neonates in a validation cohort, showing an overall better performance than that of classical fetal laboratory parameters. Pathway analysis of the 34 peptides underlined the role of viral entry in fetuses with severe brain disease as well as the potential importance of both beta-2-microglobulin and adiponectin to protect the injured fetal brain infected with CMV. The results also suggested the mechanistic implication of the T calcium channel alpha-1G (CACNA1G) protein in the development of seizures in severely CMV infected children. These results open a new field for potential therapeutic options. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that amniotic fluid peptidome analysis can effectively predict the severity of congenital CMV infection. This peptidomic classifier may therefore be used in clinical settings during pregnancy to improve prenatal counseling.
Designing with ϕ-polynomial surfaces (2011)

Recent advances have made it viable to fabricate optical surfaces that are not rotationally symmetric using a new generation of diamond-turning machines. This new fabrication capability allows for surfaces whose departure from a sphere varies both radially and azimuthally in the aperture to be machined into an optical surface. This new degree of freedom allows for the design of unobscured optical systems that are truly non-symmetric by tilting the optical surfaces themselves. With this new design degree of freedom, the aperture and field of view can be pushed to yield an order of magnitude increase in aerial coverage over current production while maintaining a compact solution. In one particular case, to be presented, a diffraction limited (< λ/10), long wave infrared (LWIR), F/1.9, 10° full field of view sensor telescope is designed by introducing these non-symmetric surfaces into the optical surface prescription.
Purification of Host Cell Enzymes Involved in Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Replication (2007)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) replicates its DNA by a modified rolling-circle mechanism that exclusively uses leading strand displacement synthesis. To identify the enzymes directly involved in AAV DNA replication, we fractionated adenovirus-infected crude extracts and tested them in an in vitro replication system that required the presence of the AAV-encoded Rep protein and the AAV origins of DNA replication, thus faithfully reproducing in vivo viral DNA replication. Fractions that contained replication factor C (RFC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were found to be essential for reconstituting AAV DNA replication. These could be replaced by purified PCNA and RFC to retain full activity. We also found that fractions containing polymerase delta, but not polymerase epsilon or alpha, were capable of replicating AAV DNA in vitro. This was confirmed when highly purified polymerase delta complex purified from baculovirus expression clones was used. Curiously, as the components of the DNA replication system were purified, neither the cellular single-stranded DNA binding protein (RPA) nor the adenovirus-encoded DNA binding protein was found to be essential for DNA replication; both only modestly stimulated DNA synthesis on an AAV template. Also, in addition to polymerase delta, RFC, and PCNA, an as yet unidentified factor(s) is required for AAV DNA replication, which appeared to be enriched in adenovirus-infected cells. Finally, the absence of any apparent cellular DNA helicase requirement led us to develop an artificial AAV replication system in which polymerase delta, RFC, and PCNA were replaced with T4 DNA polymerase and gp32 protein. This system was capable of supporting AAV DNA replication, demonstrating that under some conditions the Rep helicase activity can function to unwind duplex DNA during strand displacement synthesis.
Adequacy of Oral Health Information for Patients with Diabetes (2009)

This study indicates that SC dental hygienists do not routinely provide patient education on diabetes-related oral health and healthy lifestyle topics. Lack of time, patient disinterest, and insufficient information were the three main reasons for respondents not covering these essentials. A practical method for improving dental hygienists' comprehensive service to patients with diabetes is to offer them more continuing education on diabetes and oral health to supplement their knowledge, skills, and confidence to educate this growing population.
Origins of Cortical Interneuron Subtypes (2004)

Cerebral cortical functions are conducted by two general classes of neurons: glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Distinct interneuron subtypes serve distinct roles in modulating cortical activity and can be differentially affected in cortical diseases, but little is known about the mechanisms for generating their diversity. Recent evidence suggests that many cortical interneurons originate within the subcortical telencephalon and then migrate tangentially into the overlying cortex. To test the hypothesis that distinct interneuron subtypes are derived from distinct telencephalic subdivisions, we have used an in vitro assay to assess the developmental potential of subregions of the telencephalic proliferative zone (PZ) to give rise to neurochemically defined interneuron subgroups. PZ cells from GFP+ donor mouse embryos were transplanted onto neonatal cortical feeder cells and assessed for their ability to generate specific interneuron subtypes. Our results suggest that the parvalbumin- and the somatostatin-expressing interneuron subgroups originate primarily within the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) of the subcortical telencephalon, whereas the calretinin-expressing interneurons appear to derive mainly from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE). These results are supported by findings from primary cultures of cortex from Nkx2.1 mutants, in which normal MGE fails to form but in which the CGE is less affected. In these cultures, parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing cells are absent, although calretinin-expressing interneurons are present. Interestingly, calretinin-expressing bipolar interneurons were nearly absent from cortical cultures of Dlx1/2 mutants. By establishing spatial differences in the origins of interneuron subtypes, these studies lay the groundwork for elucidating the molecular bases for their distinct differentiation pathways.
In vivo immediate early gene expression induced in intestinal and colonic mucosa by feeding (1991)

Since the gut responds rapidly to food intake, the levels of expression of several immediate early genes were measured in mucosa from small and large intestine of rats starved for 3 days or refed. Within 1 h of refeeding, jejunal and ileal c-fos, jun B and zif/268 mRNA and colonic zif/268 dramatically increased. The zif/268 gene in jejunum corresponded in size to the full-length cDNA but, in ileum, an RNA band of about 1.2 kb in size increased greatly after feeding. This represents a physiologic in vivo model for the study of gene regulation associated with intestinal epithelial cellular responses to feeding.
Air and Biological Monitoring of Toluene Diisocyanate in a Flexible Foam Plant (1997)

Comparative air measurements of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were performed in a 5.6 m3 standard atmosphere and at a TDI flexible foam plant. Air samples were collected in midget impinger flasks containing 9-(N-methyl-amino-methyl)-anthracene (MAMA) in toluene and on 13-mm glass-fiber filters impregnated with MAMA and glycerol analyzed by LC-UV and with filter-tape instruments. In the laboratory study the average amounts of the TDI-MAMA derivatives determined were higher for filters compared to impingers when tested at concentrations between 16 and 150 μg/m3 (n=29). At the TDI foaming plant the amount of TDI-MAMA collected on the filters compared with impingers showed higher TDI values at low concentrations and lower values at higher concentrations. The same was seen for the filter-tape measurements, but for two samples at very low concentrations the response was much lower. The average air concentration was 29.8 μg/m3 (12.5−79.9; n=12). The highest exposure peak measured was approximately 3 mg TDI/m3.2,4- and 2,6-toluene diamine (TDA) in urine (U-TDA) and in plasma (P-TDA) from four exposed workers and one volunteer were determined after strong acid hydrolysis as their pentafluoro-propionic anhydride derivatives using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ions monitored were the M-20 ions (M=molecular weight) of the TDA and trideuterium labeled TDA as the internal standard. The P-TDA among the workers varied between 1–38 μg/L and between 7–24 μg/L for 2,4- and 2,6-TDA, respectively. The individual plasma levels among the workers over the 3-day periods varied between 7–73%. For the volunteer, P-TDA reached a maximum about 24 hours after the last exposure. The half-time of P-TDA for the volunteer was about 10 days. The urine levels (U-TDA) varied greatly with time and exposure. High peaks were found during or shortly after the exposure. No clear correlation between air levels of TDI measured with the filter-tape instruments and levels of TDA in hydrolyzed urine and plasma was seen, but the U-TDAMax followed the exposure in time as measured with the filter-tape instruments.
Prediction of lime responses in white clover: a note (1973)

Ten different tests were evaluated for their suitability to predict lime responses of white clover grown in pots. Of the 23 soils used, most came from lime experiments on mixed grass‐clover pasture, so that pot results could be corrected for field results. The titratable acidity displaced by 0.0085M CaC1 2 predicted lime responses more accurately than other tests.
Variables predicting response to high dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in patients with refractory acute leukemia. (1987)

The cytotoxic effect of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is presumably mediated by cytosine arabinoside 5'-triphosphate (ara-CTP). We tested for a correlation between intracellular ara-CTP pharmacokinetics and clinical response among 51 patients who received high dose ara-C (3 g/m2 at 12-hr intervals) as therapy for refractory acute leukemia. After accounting for pretreatment clinical variables that correlated with response, measurement of ara-CTP pharmacokinetics added significant prognostic information. This provides a rationale for manipulation of schedules of high dose ara-C administration in those patients whose pharmacokinetic characteristics are inconsistent with response to an every 12-hr schedule.
Key concepts for evolution toward beyond 3G networks (2003)

Now, when the first commercial 3G services based on Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications have been launched around the world, is the right time to start considering the evolution potential of 3G systems. It is assumed that the majority of the traffic in future mobile networks will be generated by content consumption related services, which are realized with IP technologies. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the cellular networks for carrying IP traffic as efficiently as possible. We describe an evolution scenario for the 3G network architecture specified by 3GPP. The IP delivery part of the network architecture is first optimized within each subsystem, while maintaining interoperability with the legacy network. Later, the network is streamlined as a whole to provide the most efficient solution. We show how graceful evolution of the 3GPP system can benefit from possibilities of the new technologies, especially IP-based transport, while maintaining compatibility with existing user equipment and capitalizing on existing infrastructure investments.
The Quest for Competency in the Teaching of Reading: A Librarian's Point of View. (1975)

I would like to do three things: first, share with you a picture of libraries as they are now developing programs and planning for tomorrow's needs; present some specific examples of library services which relate to reading needs; finally, explore some examples of today's reading materials which I hope you as reading specialists either know about or with which you will become familiar, and which you and your clientele can obtain through library collections.
Progresses in Biosynthesis of L-Phosphinothricin (2009)

L-phosphinothricin is the active ingredient of the broad-spectrum, low toxic and nonselective herbicide glufosinate-ammonium, and also the second largest transgene crop resistant herbicide worldwide. Phosphinothricin consists of two isomers, but only the L-enantiomer has herbicidal activity. Biotechnological methods for preparation of optical pure L-phosphinothricin were reviewed in this article from the view of substrates and enzymes involved. Feasibility and development direction of industrial production of L-phosphinothricin by biotechnological methods was discussed on the basis of comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.
EXTRACTION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES FROM GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA WITH DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (1967)

Peer reviewed: Yes