gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computationally efficient heart rate estimation during physical exercise using photoplethysmographic signals (2017)

Wearable devices that acquire photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals are becoming increasingly popular to monitor the heart rate during physical exercise. However, high accuracy and low computational complexity are conflicting requirements. We propose a method that provides highly accurate heart rate estimates at a very low computational cost in order to be implementable on wearables. To achieve the lowest possible complexity, only basic signal processing operations, i.e., correlation-based fundamental frequency estimation and spectral combination, harmonic noise damping and frequency domain tracking, are used. The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on current benchmark data considerably in terms of computation time, while achieving a similar accuracy.
Patient centric measures for a patient centric era: Agreement and convergent between ratings on The Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale and the Clinical Global Impressions – Improvement (CGI-S) scale in bipolar and major depressive disorder (2018)

Our findings support the utility of the PGI-I as a participant rated measure of global improvement among individuals with bipolar or major depressive disorders.
Correction method for geometric image distortion with application to printed circuit board inspection systems (2009)

Geometric distortion of an image is one of the most important parameters affecting the accuracy of optical inspection systems. We propose a new image distortion correction method to increase the accuracy of printed circuit board (PCB) inspection systems. Our model-free method is applied to correct the randomly distorted images that cannot be represented by a mathematical model. To reduce the correction time of the inspection system, we propose a control area-merging algorithm that minimizes the number of control areas using the quad-tree approach. We apply the proposed method to a PCB inspection system, and verify its usefulness through experiments using actual inspection images.
Activated macrophages decrease rat cardiac myocyte contractility: importance of ICAM-1-dependent adhesion (1999)

Macrophages are found in the heart as part of the inflammatory response. To determine whether macrophages could contribute to myocardial dysfunction, rat ventricular myocytes were isolated and cocultured with elicited peritoneal macrophages in media containing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, or endotoxin for 4 h. Cardiac myocytes were electrically stimulated, and fractional shortening was determined using videomicroscopy. When myocytes alone or myocytes in coculture with macrophages separated by a membrane were challenged with TNF-alpha, lipopolysaccharide, or IL-1, fractional shortening did not decrease. When macrophages were allowed to contact myocytes, fractional shortening decreased from 20. 1 +/- 0.9% in unchallenged macrophage-myocyte cocultures to 15.5 +/- 0.9, 16.3 +/- 0.8, and 15.8 +/- 0.6% when challenged for 4 h with TNF-alpha, endotoxin, or IL-1beta, respectively (P < 0.05). Myocytes had a mean adherence of 4.2 +/- 0.2 macrophages after TNF-alpha challenge compared with 2.6 +/- 0.3 for controls (P < 0.05). The number of adherent macrophages was associated with the decrease in fractional shortening. Anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) reduced macrophage adherence and prevented the decrease in fractional shortening. This decrease was also prevented by desferoxamine, superoxide dismutase, and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. This suggests that activated macrophages adhere to myocytes via ICAM-1, and adherent macrophages decrease their contractile function via TNF-alpha, oxygen free radicals, and nitric oxide.
Examining edge congestion (2001)

Many applications have emerged that attempt to visualize various aspects of web structure, links, and usage history. These visualizations often rely on graphs to provide a general view and reveal individual relationships. However, these relationships which are explicit in the graph structure are often not visually accessible due to edge congestion problems. In this paper we discuss edge congestion issues and present an interactive approach to handling them. Our edge-displacement algorithm temporarily adjusts the graph layout without distorting the user's mental map. Our algorithm opens up sufficient space to clarify relationship details without moving nodes at all; only edges are shifted.
Catastrophic Collapse of Ultrashort Pulses (2000)

We investigate theoretically the self-focusing dynamics of an ultrashort laser pulse both near and above the threshold at which the pulse effectively undergoes catastrophic collapse. We find that, as a result of space-time focusing and self-steepening, an "optical shock" wave forms inside the medium that gives rise to a broad blueshifted pedestal in the transmitted pulse spectrum. Our results are in good agreement with the primary features observed in experiments and thus provide a theoretical understanding for the underlying process that gives rise to "white-light" generation.
Numerical analysis for single-beam fiber optic trap (2000)

Summary form only given. The laser beam trapping method is considered to be useful for manipulation of microscopic objects and biological cells because of noninvasive technology. Its operation principle is based upon the electromagnetic momentum preservation. Generally, the force on a micro-sphere divides itself naturally into two components which always act through the center of the sphere. The same phenomenon could be seen in our trapping experiments using a tapered hemispherically lensed optical fiber. A sphere was always pushed in the direction of the beam away from the fiber end independent of the distance between the fiber end and sphere, because the beam emerging from optical fiber end could not be strongly focused In the fiber trapping system, the focused spot size at the beam waist was -6 /spl mu/m in ethanol solution, which was measured using an IR camera.
A Low-Cost Solution for Automatic Lane-Level Map Generation Using Conventional In-Car Sensors (2016)

Lane-level digital maps are crucial to advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving, since they can simplify driving tasks and enhance system performance by providing strong priors about the driving environment. However, the high cost of current map generation systems prevents their benefits to normal commercial cars as they usually depend on specialized sensors and need great manual postprocessing. In this paper, a low-cost solution is proposed for automatic generation of a precise lane-level map by using conventional sensors that have been already installed in contemporary cars. It mainly consists of two modules, i.e., road orthographic image generation and lane graph construction. First, the global map is divided into fixed local segments based on the road network topology. With the reference of the local map segments, the bird's eye view images of the road surface are accumulated by fusing GPS, INS, and visual odometry and subsequently integrated into synthetic orthographic images. Next, the driving lane information is extracted from the road orthographic images and a large amount of vehicle trajectories. Such information is then used to construct a lane graph of the map based on the sophisticated lane models we proposed without manual processing. Experiments show promising results of the automatic map generation of the real-world roads, which substantiated the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Such a system can offer increased value and promote the automation level for today's commercial cars without being supplemented additional sensors.
Toward a Comprehensive Model for Lipid Peroxidation in Plant Tissue Disorders (1995)

Among the lipid peroxidation reactions, the addition of molecular O 2 to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of particular interest in biological systems. The lipoxygenase pathway is the most-studied enzymatic pathway for oxidizing PUFAs, but nonenzymatic reactions have also been characterized. When one considers the significance of lipid peroxidation, it is surprising to discover the many diverse areas that are affected. In fact, whether one considers the process beneficial or detrimental depends on the circumstances. In situations where lipid peroxidation has been implicated in tissue damage, controversy exists over whether it is involved in the primary events causing injury or merely a by-product.
An efficient algorithm for hierarchical compression of video (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of collaborative video over "heterogeneous" networks. Current standards for video compression are not designed to deal with this problem. We define an additional set of metrics (i.e., in addition to the standard rate versus distortion measure) to evaluate compression algorithms for this application. We then present an efficient algorithm for video compression in such an environment. The algorithm is a novel combination of the discrete wavelet transform and hierarchical vector quantization. It is unique in that both the encoder and the decoder are implemented with only table lookups and are amenable to efficient software and hardware solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Knockdown of hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein-3 induces apoptosis of H1299 cells via ROS-dependent and p53-independent NF-κB activation (2014)

We previously identified hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein-3 (HRP-3) as a radioresistant biomarker in p53 wild-type A549 cells and found that p53-dependent induction of the PUMA pathway was a critical event in regulating the radioresistant phenotype. Here, we found that HRP-3 knockdown regulates the radioresistance of p53-null H1299 cells through a distinctly different molecular mechanism. HRP-3 depletion was sufficient to cause apoptosis of H1299 cells by generating substantial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Subsequent, ROS-dependent and p53-independent NF-κB activation stimulated expression of c-Myc and Noxa proteins, thereby inducing the apoptotic machinery. Our results thus extend the range of targets for the development of new drugs to treat both p53 wild-type or p53-null radioresistant lung cancer cells.
Experimental studies on downhole seismic sources (1990)

Abstract Reversed vertical seismic profiling (RVSP) and crosshole seismology can produce detailed images around a well since they record higher frequency data than surface seismic. The key issue, however, is whether or not a source can be constructed that can deliver enough energy downhole and yet do no significant damage to the borehole.We have investigated various candidate downhole sources for reversed vertical seismic profiling and crosshole seismology. The potential sources studied included explosive charges, a perforating gun, an air gun, and a water gun. The studies were conducted in both open and cased holes in various lithologies.We found that an explosive charge or an air gun can be a viable direct source in both open and cased wells (cemented or free casing).In an open borehole or in a cased well (with new casing), neither explosive charges nor air gun produced damage that was detectable by the borehole televiewer. However, the long-spaced sonic logging tool indicated that both sources may cause a deterioration of the cement bond between the formation and the casing where the cement is new and its integrity is questionable.The direct P-wave signal is found to be approximately linearly proportional to the amount of explosives used. The signal amplitude decreases as the transmitting distance increases approximately as the power law (-2.14).
Overview of the effects of intravenous milrinone in acute heart failure following surgery. (1992)

We have reviewed the current data evaluating the effects of intravenous milrinone in patients following cardiac surgery. Milrinone has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute low output syndrome, and a loading bolus infusion of 50 micrograms kg-1 over 10 min causes an increase in cardiac index and a fall in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. These effects are easily maintained by a continuous infusion regimen. Other haemodynamic effects are seen, including systemic and pulmonary vasodilatation and an increase in heart rate. These effects are not confined to one patient group, but the increase in cardiac index does appear to be more pronounced in those patients with poor haemodynamics prior to treatment. There is a low incidence of adverse events including arrhythmias and hypotension. Thus milrinone appears to be well tolerated in a broad group of adult patients recovering from cardiac surgery.
Nitric Oxide Down-regulates MKP-3 mRNA Levels (2000)

MAP kinase-dependent phosphorylation processes have been shown to interfere with the degradation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The cytosolic MAP kinase phosphatase MAP kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) induces apoptosis of endothelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) via dephosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK1/2, leading to Bcl-2 proteolysis. Here we report that the endothelial cell survival factor nitric oxide (NO) down-regulated MKP-3 by destabilization of MKP-3 mRNA. This effect of NO was paralleled by a decrease in MKP-3 protein levels. Moreover, ERK1/2 was found to be protected against TNFalpha-induced dephosphorylation by coincubation of endothelial cells with the NO donor. Subsequently, both the decrease in Bcl-2 protein levels and the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c in response to TNFalpha were largely prevented by exogenous NO. In cells overexpressing MKP-3, no differences in phosphatase activity in the presence or absence of NO were found, excluding potential posttranslational modifications of MKP-3 protein by NO. These data demonstrate that upstream of the S-nitrosylation of caspase-3, NO exerts additional antiapoptotic effects in endothelial cells, which rely on the down-regulation of MKP-3 mRNA.
Autonomous NIC offloads (2021)

CPUs routinely offload to NICs network-related processing tasks like packet segmentation and checksum. NIC offloads are advantageous because they free valuable CPU cycles. But their applicability is typically limited to layer≤4 protocols (TCP and lower), and they are inapplicable to layer-5 protocols (L5Ps) that are built on top of TCP. This limitation is caused by a misfeature we call ”offload dependence,” which dictates that L5P offloading additionally requires offloading the underlying layer≤4 protocols and related functionality: TCP, IP, firewall, etc. The dependence of L5P offloading hinders innovation, because it implies hard-wiring the complicated, ever-changing implementation of the lower-level protocols.
Bending and microbending performance of single-mode optical fibers (1987)

Upgrade of single-mode optical fiber systems from transmission at 1300-1550 nm requires knowledge of environmentally and physically induced attenuation increases at long wavelength. These increases may arise from physical bends (macrobends) of the fiber in locations such as splice enclosures or from cable-induced microbends. The thermal expansion mismatch among fiber, coating, and cable materials may also give microbending-in-duced attenuation increases at low temperatures.
Impact of intelligent access selection algorithms in cooperative wireless networks (2006)

Future generation of wireless networks will solicit the cooperation of heterogeneous Radio Access Networks (RANs) in order to provide multimedia traffic to different classes of users with varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements over regions and time zones. The use of such RANs as subsystems of a larger wireless network, i.e, a multi-access network, claims for an Access Selection (AS) scheme to coordinate the load sharing so as to meet the optimum combined network performance. Depending on the individual subsystem capacities, the traffic load conditions and the subsystem channel quality, an intelligent AS algorithm can provide capacities beyond the sum of the subsystems capacities. This paper addresses the issue of the AS in the context of multi-access networks. We intend to provide an analytical formulation which indicates the suitable/unsuitable scenarios for employment of an intelligent AS strategy. The usability of the proposed qualitative studies are demonstrated by means of simulations.
Transcription factor and microRNA motif discovery: The Amadeus platform and a compendium of metazoan target sets (2008)

We present a threefold contribution to the computational task of motif discovery, a key component in the effort of delineating the regulatory map of a genome: (1) We constructed a comprehensive large-scale, publicly-available compendium of transcription factor and microRNA target gene sets derived from diverse high-throughput experiments in several metazoans. We used the compendium as a benchmark for motif discovery tools. (2) We developed Amadeus, a highly efficient, user-friendly software platform for genome-scale detection of novel motifs, applicable to a wide range of motif discovery tasks. Amadeus improves upon extant tools in terms of accuracy, running time, output information, and ease of use and is the only program that attained a high success rate on the metazoan compendium. (3) We demonstrate that by searching for motifs based on their genome-wide localization or chromosomal distributions (without using a predefined target set), Amadeus uncovers diverse known phenomena, as well as novel regulatory motifs.
Magneto-optical properties of metallic bilayer thin films (1989)

Metallic bilayer thin films are discussed as a novel and encouraging approach to substantially increasing the figure of merit R/sup 1/2/- theta /sub K/ in magnetooptical data storage media with a potential gain of more than a factor of two. It is demonstrated by Kerr-rotation and reflectivity measurements in a wide photon energy range that for the metallic bilayer model system Fe/sub 50/Co/sub 50/ on top of Au, the figure of merit R/sup 1/2/- theta /sub K/ is enhanced by up to 65% at a high level of reflectivity, which allows further enhancement by conventional dielectric layers. It is shown that Fresnel's formulas allow a quantitative description of the observed optical and magnetooptical response over the whole energy range. These model calculations allow general conclusions regarding optimum metal combinations with respect to the maximum figure of merit. With a proper choice of the reflector metal the magnetooptical medium can be adapted to any wavelength determined by a particular application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective Polarization of Light Due to Absorption by Small Elongated Silver Particles in Glass (1968)

Polarizing glasses were made by stretching glass containing colloidal silver. The position of the absorption bands depends strongly on the elongation. This dependence seems to be consistent with the predictions of the theory of light absorption by small metal particles based on a free electron model.
High contrast ratio prism design in a mini projector (2013)

In this paper, we present a novel prism with the ability to enhance the contrast ratio and maintain the optical efficiency in a digital light processing projection system. The working theorem for the novel prism is derived as well. In this novel prism design, the ghost ray is directed away from the projection lens by a total internal reflection surface. Since the ghost ray does not even enter the projection lens, the contrast ratio enhancement is more effective than that achieved by an asymmetrical stop. Compared with the conventional method, the full-on/full-off contrast ratio is increased from 921∶1 to 46347∶1 and the American National Standards Institute contrast ratio is increased from 177∶1 to 295∶1. The imaging system efficiency can maintain at 79.8% under the contrast ratio enhancement process. Ghost ray analysis for the novel prism explains the contrast enhancement well.
Data stream management for historical XML data (2004)

We are presenting a framework for continuous querying of time-varying streamed XML data. A continuous stream in our framework consists of a finite XML document followed by a continuous stream of updates. The unit of update is an XML fragment, which can relate to other fragments through system-generated unique IDs. The reconstruction of temporal data from continuous updates at a current time is never materialized and historical queries operate directly on the fragmented streams. We are incorporating temporal constructs to XQuery with minimal changes to the existing language structure to support continuous querying of time-varying streams of XML data. Our extensions use time projections to capture time-sliding windows, version control for tuple-based windows, and coincidence queries to synchronize events between streams. These XQuery extensions are compiled away to standard XQuery code and the resulting queries operate continuously over the existing fragmented streams.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Pyrazinoquinoxaline Containing Conjugated Thiophene-Based Dendrimers and Polymers (2013)

Pyrazinoquinoxaline-based building blocks were incorporated into both π-conjugated dendrimers and polymers. The dendrimers were synthesized using a convergent/divergent approach whereas the donor/acceptor copolymers were synthesized via Stille cross-coupling reactions. The structurally defined dendrimers and the π-conjugated polymers were investigated with respect to their optical and electronic properties as well as their performance in photovoltaic devices. Because of the presence of the electron-deficient pyrazinoquinoxaline moiety, the absorption spectra of the materials under investigation were red-shifted with respect to the all thiophene-containing materials. Power conversion efficiencies up to 1.7 and 0.8% were obtained from blends of second-generation dendrimers and polymers with PC71BM, respectively.
41.4: 50‐Hz Flicker Reduction for PDP and Evaluation System Development (2001)

Abstract In this paper, we describe the optimum sub field sequences for displaying at 50‐Hz basis rate on PDP: A modified duplicated sub field sequence is represented with much reduction of the large flicker against 50‐Hz basis video signals. Further in the designing procedure, the simulation method for 50‐Hz flicker has developed and verification result between simulation and measurement meets the expectations well.