gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high stability microwave oscillator based on a sapphire loaded superconducting cavity (2003)

By combining the high mechanical rigidity and low loss tangent of cryogenic sapphire with the excellent shielding and low loss properties of a superconducting cavity, the authors have developed a microwave resonator with both high electrical quality factor and very high intrinsic stability even at relatively high power. They have implemented the sapphire-loaded superconducting cavity resonator in a novel phase-stabilized loop oscillator circuit and achieved Allan variances of around 10/sup -14/ for 1 to 1000 s integrating time. This level of stability is competitive with that of the best hydrogen masers, and in fact is superior for integrating times under a few tens of seconds. An overview of the oscillator system is presented and applications and prospects for further improvement in performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer (2002)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA in both sexes. Early diagnosis is difficult and the overall mortality rate is high. Individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer include smokers, and persons with all forms of chronic alcoholic, metabolic, tropical or hereditary pancreatitis. The duration of exposure to inflammation seems to be the major factor involved in the transition from benign to malignant condition. Smoking, which appears to further accelerate the carcinogenic transformation, remains the strongest risk factor amenable to preventive intervention.
DIVISOR: Dynamic virtual sensor formation for overlapping region in IoT-based sensor-cloud (2018)

In this work, we propose a scheme for the formation of Dynamic Virtual Sensor for Overlapping Region (DIVISOR) in a IoT-based sensor-cloud platform. Practically, the interest of deployment area of similar sensor nodes by respective sensor owners may be the same, and consequently, the areas of coverage of the deployed sensor nodes of the different owners overlap with one another. Thus, in such a scenario, each of the sensor owners must get equal opportunity to earn profit from the deployment of their sensor nodes. Therefore, in order to provide an equal privilege to all sensor owners, we propose the scheme, DIVISOR, in order to form virtual sensors. This is one of the first attempts for the dynamic formation of virtual sensors, where the overlapping area of deployed sensor nodes by different sensor owners is considered. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is energy-efficient and the average number of participating nodes increases with the increase in the total number of nodes in the network. Moreover, each sensor owner gets almost equal opportunity to rent their nodes.
Ultrasound for Breast Cancer Detection Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

Given the increasing burden of breast cancer and infeasibility of mammography in certain settings, we believe these results support the potential use of ultrasound as an effective primary detection tool for breast cancer, which may be beneficial in low-resource settings where mammography is unavailable.
The Development and Scale-Up of an Antibody Drug Conjugate Tubulysin Payload (2017)

Significant development and scale-up work was completed on the synthesis of an antibody drug conjugate payload based on the tubulysin natural products. This work included the development of new routes to the tubuvaline and tubuphenylaniline portions of the molecules, as well as extensive optimization of the solid phase peptide synthesis used to assemble the molecule. The initial route (21 steps longest linear sequence, 0.01% overall yield) was improved to a new, more robust route (19 steps longest linear sequence, 2.4% overall yield) affording a 240-fold increase in overall yield and allowing delivery of over 86 g of the required molecule.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Nurse-led Care for Symptomatic Moderate–Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2009)

A simplified nurse-led model of care has demonstrated noninferior results to physician-directed care in the management of symptomatic moderate-severe OSA, while being less costly. Clinical trial registered with http://www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN012605000064606).
Cranial Drilling Tool with Retracting Drill Bit Upon Skull Penetration (2012)

Frontiers Abstracts Cranial Drilling Tool with Retracting Drill Bit Upon Skull Penetration Paul Loschak, Paul Loschak Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Kechao Xiao, Kechao Xiao Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Hao Pei, Hao Pei Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MAWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,Harvard University, Boston, MA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Samuel B. Kesner, Samuel B. Kesner Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ajith J. Thomas, MD, Ajith J. Thomas, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Conor Walsh, PhD Conor Walsh, PhD Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MAWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,Harvard University, Boston, MA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information Kechao Xiao Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Hao Pei Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MAWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,Harvard University, Boston, MA Samuel B. Kesner Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Ajith J. Thomas, MD Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA Conor Walsh, PhD Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University, Cambridge, MAWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering,Harvard University, Boston, MA J. Med. Devices. Mar 2012, 6(1): 017522 (1 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026700 Published Online: March 12, 2012 Article history Received: May 27, 2011 Revision Received: November 7, 2011
Reliable routine estimation of small amounts of foetal haemoglobin by alkali denaturation. (1972)

Several methods have been developed for the estima- tion of foetal haemoglobin levels by alkali denaturation (Singer,
After demidenko: The curling papers' (1996)

Now the dust has settled somewhat, now the hurlyburly's done, is it yet possible to see a little of just what that was all about? Probably not. Indeed, it may never come clear. There was a lot of nastiness and name-calling, and a strong odour of humbug, and much too much dishonesty of all kinds. Not a little opportunism. And there was hurt, and misunderstanding, and distress. Not much sweetness and light; and no redemption.
Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localization (2015)

In this work, we revisit the global average pooling layer proposed in [13], and shed light on how it explicitly enables the convolutional neural network to have remarkable localization ability despite being trained on image-level labels. While this technique was previously proposed as a means for regularizing training, we find that it actually builds a generic localizable deep representation that can be applied to a variety of tasks. Despite the apparent simplicity of global average pooling, we are able to achieve 37.1% top-5 error for object localization on ILSVRC 2014, which is remarkably close to the 34.2% top-5 error achieved by a fully supervised CNN approach. We demonstrate that our network is able to localize the discriminative image regions on a variety of tasks despite not being trained for them
Selectivity of DNA polymerases toward α and β nucleotide substrates of <scp>d</scp> and <scp>l</scp> series (1994)

The substrate properties of four carbocyclic D and L nucleoside 5'-triphosphate analogs toward HIV and AMV reverse transcriptases and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase were evaluated. The compounds of the D-beta and L-beta series were found to be terminating substrates for these enzymes, while the derivatives of the D-alpha and L-alpha series were recognized only by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, suggesting that for the template-independent enzyme the mutual orientation of the two fragments is of no significance. A hypothesis for binding of nucleotides to the DNA polymerase active center was proposed.
Active learning for structure in Bayesian networks (2001)

The task of causal structure discovery from empirical data is a fundamental problem in many areas. Experimental data is crucial for accomplishing this task. However, experiments are typically expensive, and must be selected with great care. This paper uses active learning to determine the experiments that are most informative towards uncovering the underlying structure. We formalize the causal learning task as that of learning the structure of a causal Bayesian network. We consider an active learner that is allowed to conduct experiments, where it intervenes in the domain by setting the values of certain variables. We provide a theoretical framework for the active learning problem, and an algorithm that actively chooses the experiments to perform based on the model learned so far. Experimental results show that active learning can substantially reduce the number of observations required to determine the structure of a domain. 1 Introduction Determining the causal struc...
Theory of interaction between helical molecules (1997)

This work builds a basis for understanding electrostatic and solvation forces between various types of helical molecules by explicitly incorporating the helical structure and symmetries into the theory. We derive exact expressions for interaction between molecules with cylindrical inner cores and arbitrary distribution of discrete surface charges and analyze forces between single-stranded, double-stranded, and multistranded helices. For example, we demonstrate that the traditional approximation by a homogeneously charged rod becomes inappropriate when even less than a third of the strand charge on a single-stranded helix is neutralized by countercharges (adsorbed or intrinsic to the helix by their nature). The traditionally expected force is then complemented by helix-specific interactions. These helix-specific forces allow commensurate helices (with the ratio of pitches equal to a rational number) to recognize each other at a distance and self-assemble into an aggregate. Under certain conditions, these forces may induce a spontaneous symmetry loss, e.g., two DNA-type double helices rotate around their long axes to a separation-dependent angle when the molecules come closer than a critical interaxial separation. In general, while a longer-range helix-specific attraction induces the self-assembly, a shorter-range helix-specific repulsion prevents the tight molecular contact creating a force balance responsible for a nonzero surface separation in equilibrium. The decay rates and the amplitudes of the attraction and of the repulsion depend on the helical pitch and on the number and relative disposition of the helical strands. The theory of these forces allows us to explain a number of puzzling features of interactions measured between biological helices, including DNA, collagen, and four-stranded guanosine macromolecules.
Time-dependent inactivation of chick-embryo prolyl 4-hydroxylase by coumalic acid. Evidence for a syncatalytic mechanism (1987)

From the structure-activity relationships of known competitive inhibitors, coumalic acid (2-oxo-1,2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid) was deduced to be a potential syncatalytic inhibitor for chick-embryo prolyl 4-hydroxylase. The compound caused time-dependent inactivation, the reaction rate being first-order. The inactivation constant was 0.094 min-1, the Ki 17 mM and the bimolecular rate constant 0.09 M-1 X S-1. Human prolyl 4-hydroxylase and chick embryo lysyl hydroxylase were also inactivated, though to a lesser extent. Inactivation could be prevented by adding high concentrations of 2-oxoglutarate or its competitive analogues to the reaction mixture. In Lineweaver-Burk kinetics, coumalic acid displayed S-parabolic competitive inhibition with respect to 2-oxoglutarate. The inactivation reaction had cofactor requirements similar to those for the decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate. Enzymic activity was partially preserved in the absence of iron, but the rescue was incomplete, owing to decreased stability of the enzyme under this condition. Coumalic acid also decreased the electrophoretic mobility of the alpha-subunit, but the beta-subunit was not affected. Prolonged incubation of coumalic acid above pH 6.8 led to loss of its inactivating potency, owing to hydrolysis. It is concluded that the inactivation of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by coumalic acid is due to a syncatalytic mechanism. The data also suggest that the 2-oxoglutarate-binding site of the enzyme is located within the alpha-subunit.
Pyrrolo-dC oligonucleotides bearing alkynyl side chains with terminal triple bonds: synthesis, base pairing and fluorescent dye conjugates prepared by the azide–alkyne “click” reaction (2008)

5-(Octa-1,7-diynyl)-2'-deoxyuridine was converted into the furano-dU derivative 7 by copper-catalyzed cyclization; the pyrolodC-derivative 3 was formed upon ammonolysis. The bicyclic nucleosides 3 and 7 as well as the corresponding non-cyclic precursors 4 and 6 all containing terminal C[triple bond]C bonds were conjugated with the non-fluorescent 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin 5 employing the copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Sharpless-Meldal cycloaddition "click reaction". Strongly fluorescent 1H-1,2,3-triazole conjugates (30-33) are formed incorporating two fluorescent reporters-the pyrdC nucleoside and the coumarin moiety. Oligonucleotides incorporating 6-alkynyl and 6-alkyl 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(3H)-one nucleosides (3 and 2f) have been prepared by solid-phase synthesis using the phosphoramidite building blocks 10 and 13 ; the pyrrolo-dC oligonucleotides are formed during ammonia treatment. The duplex stability of oligonucleotides containing 3 and related derivatives was studied. Oligonucleotides with terminal triple bonded nucleosides such as 3 are more stabilizing than those lacking a side chain with terminal unsaturation; open-chain derivatives (4) are even more efficient. The click reaction was also performed on oligonucleotides containing the pyrdC-derivative and the fluorescence properties of nucleosides, oligonucleotides and their coumarin conjugates were studied.
Samuel Beckett and Waiting for Godot (2015)

This essay focuses on the criticism of Samuel Beckett and how anti-plot is effectively expressed in the absurdist and existentialist vision that life is inherently without meaning or purpose in Waiting for Godot .
Programmable matter (2005)

In the past 50 years, computers have shrunk from room-size mainframes to lightweight handhelds. This fantastic miniaturization is primarily the result of high-volume nanoscale manufacturing. While this technology has predominantly been applied to logic and memory, it's now being used to create advanced microelectromechanical systems using both top-down and bottom-up processes. One possible outcome of continued progress in high-volume nanoscale assembly is the ability to inexpensively produce millimeter-scale units that integrate computing, sensing, actuation, and locomotion mechanisms. A collection of such units can be viewed as a form of programmable matter.
A new model for mild blast injury utilizing Drosophila melanogaster - biomed 2013. (2013)

Current models for blast injury involve the use of mammalian species, which are costly and require extensive monitoring and housing, making it difficult to generate large numbers of injuries. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been utilized for many models of human disease including neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers diseases. In this study, a model of blast injury was designed based on Drosophila, to provide a mechanism to investigate blast injury in large numbers and assess biochemical mechanisms of brain injury. Such studies may be used to identify specific pathways involved in blast-associated neurodegeneration, allowing more effective use of mammalian models. A custom-built blast wave simulator (ORA Inc.), comprised of a driver, test section, and wave eliminator, was used to create a blast wave. An acetate membrane was placed between the driver and the rectangular test section before compressed helium caused the membrane to rupture creating the blast wave. Membrane thickness correlates with the blast wave magnitude, which averaged 120 kPa for this experiment. Pressure sensors were inserted into the side of the tube in order to quantify the level of overpressure that the flies were exposed to. Five day old flies were held in a rectangular enclosed mesh fixture (10 flies per enclosure) which was placed in the center of the test section for blast delivery. Sham controls were exposed to same conditions with exception of blast. Lifespan and negative geotaxis, a measurement of motor function, was measured in flies after blast injury. Mild blast resulted in death of 28% of the flies. In surviving flies, motor function was initially reduced, but flies regained normal function by 8 days after injury. Although surviving flies regained normal motor function, flies subjected to mild blast died earlier than uninjured controls, with a 15.4% reduction in maximum lifespan and a 17% reduction in average lifespan, mimicking the scenario observed in humans exposed to mild blast. Although further work is needed, results suggest that utilizing Drosophila as a blast model may provide a rapid, effective means of assessing physiological and biochemical changes induced by mild blast.
Multi-Layer Level of Detail For Character Animation (2008)

Real-time animation of human-like characters has been an active research area in computer graphics. Nowadays, more and more applications need to render various realistic scenes with human motion in crowds for interactive virtual environments. Animation and level of detail are well explored fields but little has been done to generate level of detail automatically for dynamic articulated meshes. Our approach is based on the identification of three interesting layers for run-time level of detail in character animation: the skeleton, the mesh and the motion. We build a Multiresolution Skeletal Graph to simplify the skeleton topology progressively. In contrast with previous works, we use a Dual-Graph Based Simplification for articulated meshes, where the triangle decimation is driven by the triangle compactness, to build a dynamic, continuous, progressive and selective mesh level of detail. We also present Power Skinning to ensure the stability of Linear Smooth Skinning, during the simplification, with an efficient multi-weight update rule. Finally, the methods and results are reviewed and approaches for future improvements are mentioned.
The use of ultrasound in the non-invasive detection of changes in the renal circulation in response to blood loss using an animal model (1995)

Using a continuous haemorrhage model, 8 anaesthetised swine were bled 1 ml/kg per min for 30 min. The resistance index (RI) of the main renal artery, interlobar and arcuate vessels all significantly increased. Cortical Doppler signals were lost in 4 animals at a mean arterial pressure of 26 mmHg. After reinfusion of blood and normal saline only the RI of the interlobar vessels was significantly different from baseline readings. Ultrasound demonstrated non-invasively changes in regional blood flow within the kidney in response to hypovolaemic shock.
Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutical Applications (2014)

In the past several years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been at the cutting edge of the most promising science and technology. ILs not only have found applications in classical areas of knowledge but also are important candidates to solve classical problems within several societal challenges, such as clean and efficient energy, through the development of a broad swath of energy technologies, such as advanced batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, double-layer capacitors, actuators, fuel cells, thermo-cells, and water splitting, essentially related to highly efficient carbon capture and storage technologies and resource efficiency to date. This review focuses on the application of IL methodologies to solve critical pharmaceutical problems, in particular, the low solubility and thus bioavailability of pharmaceutical compounds and the presence of polymorphs, which severely hamper the efficacy of important commercially available drugs. The development of strategies to use ILs as carriers of pharmaceutical active compounds is an extremely promising and wide avenue. Further, the synthesis of liquid salts through the discerning combination of cations and anions with several distinct pharmaceutical roles provides answers to some of today's pharmaceutical industrial challenges.
Measurement of Surface Adhesion Force of Adhesion Promoter and Release Layer for UV-Nanoimprint Lithography (2009)

In this work, we investigated the effect of surface treatment as release layer and adhesion promoter for UV-Nanoimprint lithography and measured the surface adhesion force by using tensile separation force of Instron equipment. Several Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) of 3-Acryloxypropyl methyl dichlorosilane (APMDS) 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS), and 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) as adhesion promoters and (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)trichlorosilane (FOTS) as release layer were fabricated by vapor deposition method and were compared with oxygen plasma treatment. APMDS could strongly improve the adhesion force between UV-curable acrylate resin and silicon substrate because of strong covalent bonding. Finally, we could successfully fabricate various imprint patterns by using proper surface treatment of SAMs.
Seismic monitoring of steam-based recovery of bitumen (1994)

Since 1985, Imperial Oil has been using a recovery process, cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), to commercially produce bitumen from the Clearwater Formation near Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (Figure 1). The Clearwater reservoir, an unconsolidated sand with a porosity of 32 percent and a permeability of 1 darcy, is saturated with an extremely viscous bitumen (viscosity about 150 000 cp). The CSS oil recovery process involves injection of steam at high temperatures and pressures (310° C and 10 MPa), followed by the production of bitumen from the same well. Twenty wells are directionally drilled from a single surface location or pad. More than 2000 wells are spaced on a regular 1.6 hectares grid, producing 100 000 b/d.
"Monophyly Again?"--A Reply to P. D. Ashlock (1973)

Journal Article “Monophyly Again?”—A Reply to P. D. Ashlock Get access Gareth Nelson Gareth Nelson Department of Ichthyology, The American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, New York 10024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 22, Issue 3, September 1973, Pages 310–312, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/22.3.310 Published: 01 September 1973