gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TUBE SUPPORT PLATE BLOCKAGE EVALUATION WITH TELEVISUAL EXAMINATION AND EDDY CURRENT ANALYSIS (2009)

In some steam generators with broached tube support plates (TSP), water‐holes were observed to be clogged. This phenomenon can cause U‐bend instability. The challenge is to estimate the average blockage level for each TSP in order to conduct the safety studies based on thermal‐hydraulic models. This estimation is also necessary to plan maintenance operation (chemical cleaning) and follow the phenomenon after cleaning. This paper presents the technique used by EDF so as to estimate TSP blockage. The method relies on the association of visual inspection of the upper TSP and eddy current signal analysis.
Crosstalk delay analysis using relative window method (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new method to deal with crosstalk effects in timing analysis. The method can handle the timing between victim and signal arrival times and the dynamic changes due to the input-pattern dependence of the arrival times. Solutions for the crosstalk problems using the method are also presented.
ITeS - Transcending the Traditional Service Model (2006)

Summary form only given. The renaissance gave birth to the knowledge revolution, and the industrial revolution introduced mankind to the wonders of technology. The advent of information technology in the 21st century has brought about yet another revolution, the information revolution. The recent onset of IT has brought about technological, economical, social, and cultural changes on an unprecedented scale. Among which, IT enabled e-commerce, revolutionizing the way we go about the traditional exchange of goods, and more importantly, IT infused new life into the service sector, enabling a new breed of service called IT-enabled service (ITeS). Simply put, ITeS is the integration of IT and specific domain knowledge to increase the innovative values of conventional services produced by industries. ITeS can be sub-divided into two categories. The first of which is the integration of IT functionalities into traditional services. Examples include real-time interpretation services made possible with VoIP services and remote healthcare monitoring services provided via the Internet. The second of which is the transformation of IT itself into a service. The textbook example is Google, which provides services ranging from email, search engine, advertisement, news, and media, all based on the premise of the Internet technology itself. Coupling its manufacturing prowess and experience in software development with a dynamic, diversified, and mature IT environment, Taiwan is the perfect test bed for ITeS. However, ITeS is not without its challenges. For instance, language barriers, potential infrastructure compatibilities, and finding Taiwan's niche in the global ITeS value chain are all issues that need to be addressed. The author touches on the rise of ITeS, how ITeS can revolutionize the service sector, the opportunities for Taiwan in this nascent domain, and the challenges it might face while trying to transform from a labor-intensive manufacturing-centric society to one that's knowledge-intensive service-centric
Towards full collusion resistant ID-based establishment of pairwise keys (2012)

Usually a communication link is secured by means of a symmetric-keyalgorithm. For that, a method is required to securely establish a symmetric-key for that algorithm.This old problem is still relevant and of paramount importance both in existing computernetworks and newlarge-scale ubiquitous systems comprising resource-constrained devices. Identity-based pairwise key agreement allows for the generationof a common key betweentwo parties given secret keying material owned by the first party and the identity of thesecond one. However, existing methods are prone to collusion attacks. In this paper we discuss a new class of key establishment scheme aiming at full collusionresistant identity-based symmetric-key agreement and propose a specific scheme, the HIMMO lgorithm, relying on two design concepts: Hiding Information and Mixing Modular Operations. Collusion attacks on schemes from literature cannot readily be applied to HIMMO. Also, thesimple logic of the HIMMO algorithm allows for very efficient implementations in terms of both speed and memory. Finally, being an identity-based symmetric-key establishment scheme, HIMMO allows for efficient real-world key-exchange protocols.
哈代《还乡》的写作技巧 (1983)

哈代的《还乡》在写作技巧方面有许多使人感兴趣的特点,因而我斗胆略微详细地谈谈这些特点。在《还乡》里,故事情节中一系列琐事之间的联系、作者有意运用这些琐事、人物塑造及其方法,还有环境对人的戏剧性命运的关系,这一切都很引入瞩目。而且这本书享有盛名,成了古典名著,所以仔细推敲它的写作技巧很有必要。小说一开头就描写爱敦荒原,从而立即给这本小说定了忧郁的基调,并且让读者了解荒原在其居民生活中所起的作用: 明媚的景物和明媚的时光,自然能够圆满配合;但是,唉!倘若时光并不明媚,那怎么办呢?……这种时候即使没有真正到来,却也好象并不很远了。等到最后,象冰岛一类的地方,让顶普通的游人看来,也许都会变得跟他现在看南欧的葡萄园和桃舍娘园那样;而象巴敦和海得堡一类的地方,在他匆匆地从阿尔卑斯山往司奇芬弥根的沙阜去的时候,他也许会毫不注意,从旁走过。
Streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis and flare-up reaction in mice induced by homologous or heterologous cell walls. (1988)

Intra-articular injection of cell walls from the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes induces an arthritis in both streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-primed and naive mice. This joint inflammation subsides after 2 weeks but it could be reactivated by systemic injection of SCW in a dose-dependent way. The primary arthritis as well as the flare-up reaction were more vehement in immunized than naive mice. Pretreatment with antilymphocyte serum of nonimmunized arthritic mice before systemic challenge completely inhibits the flare-up reaction, suggesting the involvement of lymphocytes in the reactivation. Dose-response studies showed that intravenous challenge with SCW amounts too small to induce a primary arthritis were able to reactivate a chronic arthritis, implying that an inflamed joint is in a hyperreactive state, probably due to locally retained lymphocytes. Arthritis as a result of injection with SCW can be reactivated by fragments of a nonrelated, gram negative endogenous bacterium, Escherichia coli. The latter finding might be of importance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis: once an arthritis is induced by one bacterium, other (unrelated) bacteria, probably derived from an endogenous source, may be able to reactivate the inflammatory process, thus contributing to chronicity.
A remarkably stable kissing-loop interaction defines substrate recognition by the <i>Neurospora</i> Varkud Satellite ribozyme (2014)

Kissing loops are tertiary structure elements that often play key roles in functional RNAs. In the Neurospora VS ribozyme, a kissing-loop interaction between the stem-loop I (SLI) substrate and stem-loop V (SLV) of the catalytic domain is known to play an important role in substrate recognition. In addition, this I/V kissing-loop interaction is associated with a helix shift in SLI that activates the substrate for catalysis. To better understand the role of this kissing-loop interaction in substrate recognition and activation by the VS ribozyme, we performed a thermodynamic characterization by isothermal titration calorimetry using isolated SLI and SLV stem-loops. We demonstrate that preshifted SLI variants have higher affinity for SLV than shiftable SLI variants, with an energetic cost of 1.8-3 kcal/mol for the helix shift in SLI. The affinity of the preshifted SLI for SLV is remarkably high, the interaction being more stable by 7-8 kcal/mol than predicted for a comparable duplex containing three Watson-Crick base pairs. The structural basis of this remarkable stability is discussed in light of previous NMR studies. Comparative thermodynamic studies reveal that kissing-loop complexes containing 6-7 Watson-Crick base pairs are as stable as predicted from comparable RNA duplexes; however, those with 2-3 Watson-Crick base pairs are more stable than predicted. Interestingly, the stability of SLI/ribozyme complexes is similar to that of SLI/SLV complexes. Thus, the I/V kissing loop interaction represents the predominant energetic contribution to substrate recognition by the trans-cleaving VS ribozyme.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Functional Deficits and Posthospital Rehabilitation Outcomes (2013)

Skill deficits interfering with reintegration into home and community are highly interrelated and should be treated with the understanding that progress in one area may be dependent on change in another area. Cognitive skills including memory, attention/ concentration, novel problem solving, and awareness of deficits were highly correlated with measures of overall functional outcome. Posthospital programs using a multidisciplinary treatment approach achieved significant reduction in disability from program admission to discharge. The benefits of these programs were realized even for the most chronically-impaired participants.
Two-Dimensional Vanadium-Doped ZnO Nanosheet-Based Flexible Direct Current Nanogenerator (2013)

Here, we report the synthesis of lead-free single-crystalline two-dimensional (2D) vanadium(V)-doped ZnO nanosheets (NSs) and their application for high-performance flexible direct current (DC) power piezoelectric nanogenerators (NGs). The vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (NRs) converted to NS networks by V doping. Piezoresponse force microscopy studies reveal that vertical V-doped ZnO NS exhibit typical ferroelectricity with clear phase loops, butterfly, and well-defined hysteresis loops with a piezoelectric charge coefficient of up to 4 pm/V, even in 2D nanostructures. From pristine ZnO NR-based NGs, alternating current (AC)-type output current was observed, while from V-doped ZnO NS-based NGs, a DC-type output current density of up to 1.0 μAcm(-2) was surprisingly obtained under the same vertical compressive force. The growth mechanism, ferroelectric behavior, charge inverted phenomena, and high piezoelectric output performance observed from the V-doped ZnO NS are discussed in terms of the formation of an ionic layer of [V(OH)4(-)], permanent electric dipole, and the doping-induced resistive behavior of ZnO NS.
Effects of S-21007, a potent 5-HT3 partial agonist, in mouse anxiety. (1999)

S-21007 exhibited anxiolytic-like properties. The mechanism of action may be a desensitization of 5-HT3 receptor or an antagonist activity on the 5-HT3 receptors.
Photoluminescence of Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As alloys (1994)

A thorough discussion of the various features of the photoluminescence spectra of undoped, p-doped and n-doped AlxGa1−xAs (0≤x≤1) alloys is given. This review covers spectral features in the energy region ranging from the energy band gap down to ≂0.8 eV, doping densities from isolated impurities to strongly interacting impurities (heavy-doping effects) and lattice temperatures from 2 to 300 K. The relevance of photoluminescence as a simple but very powerful characterization technique is stressed also in comparison with other experimental methods. The most recent determinations of the Al concentration dependence of some physical properties of the alloy (energy gaps, carrier effective masses, dielectric constants, phonon energies, donor and acceptor binding energies, etc.) are given. The main physical mechanisms of the radiative recombination process in semiconductors are summarized with particular emphasis on the experimental data available for AlxGa1−xAs. The effects of the nature of the band gap (direct or indirect) on the features of the photoluminescence spectra are discussed in detail. Particular attention is devoted to the consequences of the band structure of AlxGa1−xAs (both the multivalley conduction band or the degenerate valence band) on the impurity states by summarizing the theoretical predictions and by detailing the behavior of a number of shallow impurities. Heavy doping effects are also analyzed. A systematic presentation of the photoluminescence related to deep defects and impurities (vacancies, antisites, DX centers, Si-Si self-compensating pairs, transition metals, and rare-earth ions) is carried out after a brief introduction to the terminology used to describe the deep states in semiconductors.
Absorption and Stripping of CO<sub>2</sub> with a Molten Salt Slurry in a Bubble Column at High Temperature (2006)

Abstract A novel slurry bubble column in which a lithium silicate as a CO 2 absorbent is suspended in a molten salt at high temperature was proposed. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed system, the effects of the CO 2 feed rate into the slurry bubble column, the quantity of absorbent, and the suspension concentration on the performance of the CO 2 recovery were investigated. The proposed system could rapidly absorb and strip CO 2 by thermal swinging. Moreover, no reduction of the CO 2 recovery performance by the repeated use of the absorbent was observed.
Scheduling of the Activations in Iterative Detection, Decoding, and Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM (2013)

An iterative receiver for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system is considered to jointly decode the transmitted bits and estimate the channel state. The receiver consists of the a posteriori probability (APP) algorithm, the repeat-accumulate (RA) decoder, and the least-squares (LS) channel estimator. An obvious problem, with more than two blocks in an iterative receiver, is to find the optimal activation schedule of the different blocks. This paper proposes to use extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts to characterize the behavior of the receiver blocks and find out the optimal activation schedule for them. A semi-analytical expression of the EXIT function is derived for the decision directed LS channel estimator. An algorithm is proposed to generate the EXIT function of the APP algorithm as a function of channel estimate mutual information (MI). Surface fitting is used to get closed form expressions for the EXIT functions of the APP algorithm and the RA decoder. Trellis search based algorithms are shown to find the convergence with the lowest possible complexity using the EXIT charts. With the proposed concept, the activation scheduling can be adapted to prevailing channel circumstances and unnecessary iterations will be avoided.
Comparative analysis of Rev function in human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (1992)

The Rev proteins of the related but distinct human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) display incomplete functional reciprocity. One possible explanation for this observation is that HIV-2 Rev is unable to interact with the HIV-1 Rev-response element (RRE1). However, an analysis of the biological activity of chimeric proteins derived from HIV-1 and HIV-2 Rev reveals that this target specificity does not map to the Rev RNA binding domain but is instead primarily determined by sequences known to mediate Rev multimerization. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 Rev are shown to bind the RRE1 in vitro with identical RNA sequence specificity. The observation that HIV-2 Rev can inhibit RRE1-dependent HIV-1 Rev function in trans indicates that the direct interaction of HIV-2 Rev with the RRE1 also occurs in vivo. These data suggest that HIV-2 Rev forms a protein-RNA complex with the RRE1 that leads to only minimal Rev activity. It is hypothesized that this low level of Rev function results from the incomplete and/or aberrant multimerization of HIV-2 Rev on this heterologous RNA target sequence.
Directionality of Wingless protein transport influences epidermal patterning in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo (1999)

Active endocytotic processes are required for the normal distribution of Wingless (Wg) protein across the epidermal cells of each embryonic segment. To assess the functional consequences of this broad Wg distribution, we have devised a means of perturbing endocytosis in spatially restricted domains within the embryo. We have constructed a transgene expressing a dominant negative form of shibire (shi), the fly dynamin homologue. When this transgene is expressed using the GAL4-UAS system, we find that Wg protein distribution within the domain of transgene expression is limited and that Wg-dependent epidermal patterning events surrounding the domain of expression are disrupted in a directional fashion. Our results indicate that Wg transport in an anterior direction generates the normal expanse of naked cuticle within the segment and that movement of Wg in a posterior direction specifies diverse denticle cell fates in the anterior portion of the adjacent segment. Furthermore, we have discovered that interfering with posterior movement of Wg rescues the excessive naked cuticle specification observed in naked (nkd) mutant embryos. We propose that the nkd segment polarity phenotype results from unregulated posterior transport of Wg protein and therefore that wild-type Nkd function may contribute to the control of Wg movement within the epidermal cells of the segment.
The Amsterdam capital market and European government finance in the eighteenth century (1981)

(1981). The Amsterdam capital market and European government finance in the eighteenth century. Scandinavian Economic History Review: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 157-161.
A Virtual Display System for Conveying Three-Dimensional Acoustic Information (1988)

A three-dimensional auditory display could take advantage of intrinsic sensory abilities like localization and perceptual organization by generating dynamic, multidimensional patterns of acoustic events that convey meaning about objects in the spatial world. Applications involve any context in which the user's situational awareness is critical, particularly when visual cues are limited or absent; e.g., air traffic control or telerobotic activities in hazardous environments. Such a display would generate localized cues in a flexible and dynamic manner. Whereas this can be readily achieved with an array of real sound sources or loudspeakers, the NASA-Ames prototype maximizes flexibility and portability by synthetically generating three-dimensional sound in realtime for delivery through headphones. Psychoacoustic research suggests that perceptually-veridical localization over headphones is possible if both the direction-dependent pinna cues and the more well understood cues of interaural time and intensity are adequately synthesized. Although the realtime device is not yet complete, recent studies at the University of Wisconsin have confirmed the perceptual adequacy of the basic approach to synthesis.
Ascorbate-Nitrite Reaction: Possible Means of Blocking the Formation of Carcinogenic <i>N</i> -Nitroso Compounds (1972)

The formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds by the chemical reaction between nitrous acid and oxytetracycline, morpholine, piperazine, N-methylaniline, methylurea, and (in some experiments) dimethylamine was blocked by ascorbic acid. The extent of blocking depended on the compound nitrosated and on the experimental conditions. Urea and ammonium sulfamate were less effective as blocking agents. The possibility of in vivo formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from drugs could be lessened by the combination of such drugs with the ascorbic acid.
Critical power slope (2002)

Energy efficiency is becoming an increasingly important feature for both mobile and high-performance server systems. Most processors designed today include power management features that provide processor operating points which can be used in power management algorithms. However, existing power management algorithms implicitly assume that lower performance points are more energy efficient than higher performance points. Our empirical observations indicate that for many systems, this assumption is not valid.We introduce a new concept called critical power slope to explain and capture the power-performance characteristics of systems with power management features. We evaluate three systems - a clock throttled Pentium laptop, a frequency scaled PowerPC platform, and a voltage scaled system to demonstrate the benefits of our approach. Our evaluation is based on empirical measurements of the first two systems, and publicly available data for the third. Using critical power slope, we explain why on the Pentium-based system, it is energy efficient to run only at the highest frequency, while on the PowerPC-based system, it is energy efficient to run at the lowest frequency point. We confirm our results by measuring the behavior of a web serving benchmark. Furthermore, we extend the critical power slope concept to understand the benefits of voltage scaling when combined with frequency scaling. We show that in some cases, it may be energy efficient not to reduce voltage below a certain point.
Jess, the Java expert system shell (1997)

This report describes Jess, a clone of the popular CLIPS expert system shell written entirely in Java. Jess supports the development of rule-based expert systems which can be tightly coupled to code written in the powerful, portable Java language. The syntax of the Jess language is discussed, and a comprehensive list of supported functions is presented. A guide to extending Jess by writing Java code is also included.
Analysis of web spreading induced by the concave roller (1993)

This paper describes the development of a model for predicting the elastic deformations and stresses in a web crossing a concave (or negative crown) roller. The Finite Element Method was used to compute web displacements, forces and stresses. A preprocessor was developed to automatically convert the web material properties and roller geometry into a FEM mesh and a set of boundary conditions. The boundary conditions which produce web spreading were developed and incorporated into the model. The principal boundary conditions in this model are derived from the assumption that there is sufficient friction between the web and the roller to prevent slipping. Because of the nonlinear nature of the traction between the web and the roller, an iterative Finite Element solution technique was used. The model was used to perform a study of the effects of variations in geometry, material properties and operating conditions on the spreading behavior of the web/roller system. The results of this study are presented.
Effect of Ni Thickness on Off-State Currents of Poly-Si TFTs Using Ni-Induced Lateral Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon (2008)

We have studied the effect of metal thickness for the metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) of a-Si on the off-state currents of poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is found that they decrease with decreasing the Ni thickness for MILC. The Ni-MILC poly-Si TFT with the Ni area density of exhibited a field-effect mobility of and minimum leakage current of at . However, the off-state current is when the Ni density is , corresponding to the average Ni thickness of . It is concluded that the average Ni thickness for MILC should be less than to have low off-state currents from our experimental data.