gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEW YORK DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1941)

<h3>Oriental Sore. Presented by Dr. J. Gardner Hopkins.</h3> J. J., a girl aged 5 years, child of American parents, left Teheran, a province of Persia, in June and passed through Delhi, India, on the way to the United States. Leishmaniasis, known locally as "salek," meaning "a little year," is prevalent in Teheran, and there were sand flies about at the time she left. Two months later a painless red nodule developed in the center of her left cheek. It has grown slowly and now shows a dusky red disk measuring 1 cm. in diameter, scarcely raised and covered with intact epidermis. Beneath is a hard mass somewhat larger than the red area. Examination of material obtained by puncture showed numerous typical leishmania bodies, all extracellular. <h3>DISCUSSION</h3> Dr. Howard Fox: I have previously reported on 2 patients (<i>New York M. J.</i><b>116</b>:365, 1922) with oriental sore who had come from
Simultaneous measurement of the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of liquids by the transient hot-wire method (1981)

The paper describes a method and an instrument to measure the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of liquids simultaneously by the transient hot-wire method. Though the principle of this method has formerly been known, the practical application to fluids has been enabled only by high-precision measurement. In the present method, the thermal conductivity can be determined from the slope of the temperature rise against time of electrically-heated wire and the thermal diffusivity can be obtained from the slope and the absolute temperature rise. In this instrument, the absolute temperature rise, which is detected as voltage change of an unbalanced bridge, is recorded by a high-precision digital system. This method has been tested by measuring toluene in the temperature range 0 °–80 °C at atmospheric pressure. The accuracy of the thermal conductivity measurement is estimated as ±0.5%, whereas that of the thermal diffusivity measurement is ±5%.
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes for p-Type Ohmic Contacts to GaN Light-Emitting Diodes (2004)

Homogeneous films of pure single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) sufficiently thin to be optically transparent in the visible range of the spectrum were employed as p-Ohmic contacts on GaN−InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes. The specific contact resistance of the SWNT films on the p-GaN was 1.1 × 10-2 Ω cm2 after annealing at 700 °C for 60 s under N2, which was a factor of 3 lower than standard Ni/Au contacts on the same p-GaN. The SWNT-contacted LEDs showed bright blue emission centered at 434 nm and demonstrate that the SWNT films provide a new class of electrically conducting, p-type, transparent electrode for use with photonic devices.
Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the prevalence of and characteristics associated with anal incontinence in the general community. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Community survey. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The population of the state of Wisconsin sampled in the Wisconsin Family Health Survey. Subjects were identified by random digit dialing with telephone interview. The individual within each household identified as most knowledgeable about the health status of all other members of the household was asked about the health status of each member of the household. Approximately 200 households were surveyed each month. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The presence of anal incontinence to solid or liquid feces or gas, who suffered from it, the frequency of anal incontinence, and how the incontinent person coped with it. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 2570 households comprising 6959 individuals were surveyed, and 153 individuals were reported to have anal incontinence, representing 2.2% of the population (95% confidence interval [CI], ±0.3%). Thirty percent of the incontinent subjects were older than 65 years, and 63% were women. Of those with anal incontinence, 36% were incontinent to solid feces, 54% to liquid feces, and 60% to gas. In a multivariate analysis, independent associations of the following risk factors with anal incontinence were found: female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; CI, 1.1 to 2.1), age (continuously adjusted) (OR, 1.01; CI, 1.01 to 1.02), physical limitations (OR, 1.8; CI, 1.2 to 2.7), and poor general health (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.4 to 1.9). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Anal incontinence was reported in 2.2% of the general population. Independent risk factors for incontinence include female sex, advancing age, poor general health, and physical limitations. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:559-561)
Decreased Insulin Requirements with Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Patient with Diabetes (2004)

Spinal cord stimulation when used for control of chronic pain in diabetics may provide additional benefits of improving glycemic control and insulin requirements.
Scattering of positrons and electrons by alkali atoms (1990)

Absolute total scattering cross sections (Q sub T's) were measured for positrons and electrons colliding with sodium, potassium, and rubidium in the 1 to 102 eV range, using the same apparatus and experimental approach (a beam transmission technique) for both projectiles. The present results for positron-sodium and -rubidium collisions represent the first Q sub T measurements reported for these collision systems. Features which distinguish the present comparisons between positron- and electron-alkali atom Q sub T's from those for other atoms and molecules (room-temperature gases) which have been used as targets for positrons and electrons are the proximity of the corresponding positron- and electron-alkali atom Q sub T's over the entire energy range of overlap, with an indication of a merging or near-merging of the corresponding positron and electron Q sub T's near (and above) the relatively low energy of about 40 eV, and a general tendency for the positron-alkali atom Q sub T's to be higher than the corresponding electron values as the projectile energy is decreased below about 40 eV.
Effects of exogenous amines on mammalian cells, with particular reference to membrane flow (1984)

We have reviewed the evidence that amines accumulate in intracellular vesicles of low pH, such as lysosomes and endosomes. There is consequent elevation of intravesicular pH, and inhibition of receptor-ligand dissociation often results from this pH change. We have argued that the capacity for fusion of such vesicles is also reduced by the high pH. We suggest that the variety of effects of amines on membrane flow and macromolecular transport we describe are at least partly due to such reduced fusion (Figs. 1 and 2). We propose that an internal low pH may facilitate heterologous vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-plasma membrane fusion. There is some evidence that clathrin can accelerate phospholipid vesicle fusion in vitro at low pH (Blumenthal et al., 1983) but no direct evidence on the role of intravesicular pH. This idea is consistent not only with the preceding discussion, but also with the fact that the intracellular membrane-bound compartments least involved in fusion events (e.g. mitochondria) are of neutral or alkaline internal pH. Membrane fusion is certainly required for the formation of vesicles at the periphery of the Golgi apparatus, and possibly earlier in the transport and processing of biosynthetic products in the Golgi (Bergeron et al., 1982). Thus the accumulation of amines in the Golgi may be responsible for several effects on the flow of macromolecules along their translocation pathways. The status of the plasma membrane in this view is complex. It might be argued that the pH dictating the fusion step in endocytosis is that of the extracellular fluid, in which case the inhibitory effects of amines on this process are not explained. However, the rapidity of acidification of the newly formed endocytic vesicles allows the possibility that plasma membrane invaginations might temporarily sequester areas which are of lower pH than that of the bulk extracellular fluid even before fusion, since the proton pumping enzyme(s) are probably present on the plasma membrane. Were this the case, then an acid pH could again be a factor determining membrane fusion at the plasma membrane. The inhibition of endocytosis by weak bases thus may again reflect elevation of pH in a sequestered compartment. From the data on the dependence of response on the concentration of amines, we anticipate that most responses involving membrane flow will be biphasic, with inhibitory effects at low amine concentration, giving way to stimulatory ones at higher concentrations. We suggest that the reported dichotomy between different amines in intracellular membrane fusion systems (D'Arcy Hart, 1982) may result from this concentration dependence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
dbDEPC: a database of Differentially Expressed Proteins in human Cancers (2009)

Cancer-related investigations have long been in the limelight of biomedical research. Years of effort from scientists and doctors worldwide have generated large amounts of data at the genome, transcriptome, proteome and even metabolome level, and DNA and RNA cancer signature databases have been established. Here we present a database of differentially expressed proteins in human cancers (dbDEPC), with the goal of collecting curated cancer proteomics data, providing a resource for information on protein-level expression changes, and exploring protein profile differences among different cancers. dbDEPC currently contains 1803 proteins differentially expressed in 15 cancers, curated from 65 mass spectrometry (MS) experiments in peer-reviewed publications. In addition to MS experiments, low-throughput experiment data from the same literatures and cancer-associated genes from external databases were also integrated to provide some validation information. Furthermore, dbDEPC associates differential proteins with important structural variations in the human genome, such as copy number variations or single nucleotide polymorphisms, which might be helpful for explaining changes in protein expression at the DNA level. Data in dbDEPC can be queried by protein identifier, description or sequence; the retrieved protein entry provides the differential expression pattern seen in cancers, along with detailed annotations. dbDEPC is expected to be a reference database for cancer signatures at the protein level. This database is provided at http://dbdepc.biosino.org/index/.
Real-Time Dynamic Parameter Estimation for an Exponential Dynamic Load Model (2015)

This paper is concerned about real-time modeling and identification of dynamically changing loads in power systems. An exponential dynamic load model was proposed earlier and was well accepted by several investigators who worked on this paper. This paper considers this model and identifies its parameters in real-time based on synchronously sampled measurements. An unscented Kalman filter is used to track the unknown parameters of the exponential dynamic load model. This paper first implements and tests the proposed method using simulated measurements. The method is then applied to actual recorded utility measurements to identify and track the bus load of the utility. The results are found to be promising, suggesting viability of tracking dynamic load models for online applications.
The road from Rio: sustainable development and the nongovernmental movement in the Third World (1994)

Foreword by Thomas Dichter The Politics of Development Grassroots Organizations (GROs) GRO Networks Grassroots Support Organizations (GRSOs) Poverty, Environmental Degradation and Population Growth: The Role of GRSOs GRSO Networks What Works: Assessing the Performance of GROs and GRSOs GRO-GRSO Linkages Conclusions: Sustainability and Replicability Bibliography
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for body weight on chromosomes 1 and 4 in the rat (1998)

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting body weight were investigated in the backcross population derived from diabetic BB/OK and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The F1 hybrids were backcrossed onto BB/OK rats, and QTL analysis was performed with the resulting backcross population on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 10, 13 and 18. According to the stringent threshold for a lod score of 3.0, markers on chromosomes 1 and 4 were found to be linked with body weight. The QTL with a peak lod score (3.3) on chromosome 1 for a male population was located within the region flanked by loci Igf2 and D1Mgh12. On chromosome 4, linkage between the body weight and the region around the Npy locus was observed (lod score 3.1). The existence of the QTL on chromosome 4 affecting body weight was confirmed by congenic BB.LL rats, carrying chromosomal region of SHR (D4Mit6-Npy-Spr) on the genetic background of the BB/OK rat.
<scp>L</scp>ester<scp>E</scp>.<scp>F</scp>isher Center for the Study and Conservation of<scp>A</scp>pes (2016)

The Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes is a multidisciplinary research center based at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, Illinois (United States) and named in honor of Dr. Lester Fisher, former veterinarian and director at this zoo. Since 2004, the Fisher Center has maintained a broad and varied research program, focusing on studies of ape behavior, biology, and cognition, using a range of non‐invasive methods and a comparative approach. In addition to the study of zoo‐housed apes, they have worked to study and advocate for privately owned chimpanzees living as pets and performers through their Project ChimpCARE initiative. They also support a growing conservation partnership with the Goualougo Triangle Ape Project aimed at protecting wild populations of apes in the Republic of Congo.
A Generalized Firing Angle Controller Using Phase-Locked Loop for Thyristor Control (1981)

A generalized firing angle controller using a phase-locked loop, for control of thyristors is described. Different types of firing angle variation characteristics are possible because of the generalized phase detector used in the circuit. The controller can operate over a wide range of supply frequencies and is immune to the transients and harmonic distortions in the supply voltage. Also changes in the supply voltage amplitude do not have any effect on the firing angle. The same circuit can be used to provide firing pulses for three- or six-element thyristor configurations. The scheme can be successfully used for thyristor converters and cycloconverters.
Cancer Diagnosis, Risk Assessment and Prediction of Therapeutic Response by Means of DNA Methylation Markers (2007)

Epigenetic alterations are heritable changes in gene expression without an accompanying change in primary DNA sequence. Two major mechanisms that cause epigenetic changes are post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation at cytosine bases within a CpG dinucleotide. Epigenetic defects have turned out to be one of the most common molecular alterations in human neoplasia. Promoter hypermethylation is associated with loss of expression of tumour suppressor genes in cancer. The analysis of aberrant DNA methylation is gaining strength in the fields of cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring in different cancer types. These issues are discussed in this review.
Lesbian Health Care (1995)

Lesbians are often "invisible" in primary care settings and literature. They frequently feel anxious, mistreated, and misunderstood by providers if they reveal their sexuality. Increasingly these women are "coming out" to providers and asking for knowledgeable and sensitive care. This article reviews the literature on lesbian health care and makes suggestions about history taking and health promotion that is sensitive to the needs of lesbian clients.
Cavity-enhanced optical detection of carbon nanotube Brownian motion (2013)

Optical cavities with small mode volume are well-suited to detect the vibration of sub-wavelength sized objects. Here we employ a fiber-based, high-finesse optical microcavity to detect the Brownian motion of a freely suspended carbon nanotube at room temperature under vacuum. The optical detection resolves deflections of the oscillating tube down to 70 pm/Hz1/2. A full vibrational spectrum of the carbon nanotube is obtained and confirmed by characterization of the same device in a scanning electron microscope. Our work extends the principles of high-sensitivity optomechanical detection to molecular scale nanomechanical systems.
Development of low pressure sensor based on carbon nanotube field emission (2005)

A newly developed low pressure detection technology using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission effect has been designed and manufactured. The fabricated pressure sensor is of a triode type, consisting of a cathode (CNTs field emitter arrays), a grid and a collector. The principle described here is that, for a constant number of electrons available for ionization emitted from CNT arrays by a grid potential, a constant fraction of gas molecules will be ionized and the number of ions collected in a collector will be proportional to the number of gas molecules in the chamber traversed by the electrons. Due to the excellent field emission characteristics of CNT, it is possible to make a cost-effective cold cathode type ion gauge. A screen-printing method has been used to make the CNT cathode. A glass grid with Cr deposited by an e-beam has been put on the cathode with a gap of 200 µm between two electrodes. Due to the voltage applied to the grid, the electrons emitted from the CNTs ionize gas molecules in the chamber and the ionized molecules are gathered to the collector. Then, the collector voltage is made lower than the grid voltage to obtain a large ionization ratio. The current detected in the collector is proportional to the pressure in the chamber. The ionization characteristics are dependent on the gas and the voltage applied to the grid and the collector. In this paper we will show the various metrological characteristics of the home-made pressure sensor utilizing CNTs.
Comparison of the Biodistribution of 225 Ac and Radio-Lanthanidcs as Citrate Complexes (1990)

A method for production of 22S Ac is described. Uranium oxide was irradiated with 650 MeV protons. The radium fraction was separated by precipitation with BaSO^, the isotopically pure 22i Ac as daughter product was then isolated by means of cationexchange chromatography. The biological behaviour of 225 Ac as a potential candidate for radionuclide tumor therapy is compared with the behaviour of other Me 3 *-citrate complexes. The actinium shows the faster blood clearance and highest liver uptake in rats and tumor-bearing mice. The tumor uptake is smaller in comparison to ytterbium as a representative for the heavy rare earth elements and slightly higher compared to promethium as representative for the light rare earth elements. In general the biodistribution of actinium is in good agreement with the radiums alteration of Me 3 + -ions. Eine Methode zur Erzeugung von 22i Ac wirdbeschrieben. Uranium Oxidwirdmit 650 MeVProtonen bestrahlt. Die Radium-Fraktion wirddurch Fdllung mil BaSOt abgetrennt. Isotopenreines 22S Ac wird dann ah Tochterprodukt mitteh Kationenaustausch-Chromatografie isoliert. Das biologische Verhalten des 225 Ac ah ein potentieller Kandidat fur die Radionuklid Tumor Therapie wird vergliclien mil dem Verhalten anderer Me 3 *-Citrat Komplexe. Das Actinium zeigt die schnellere Blut-Clearance und die hochste LeberAnreicherung in Ratten und tumortragenden Mdusen. Die Tumor-Aufnahme des Actiniums ist geringer im Vergleieh zu Ytterbium ah Vertreter der schweren Lanthanoide und geringfiigig holier im Vergleieh zu Proinetiuni ah Vertreter der leichten Lanthanoide. Allgemein entspricht die Bioverteihmg des Actiniums den Erwartungen, die sich aus den Radien der Me 3 *-lonen ableiten lafit.
Deprotonative Metalation of Chloro‐ and Bromopyridines Using Amido‐Based Bimetallic Species and Regioselectivity‐Computed CH Acidity Relationships (2011)

A series of chloro- and bromopyridines have been deprotometalated by using a range of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-based mixed lithium-metal combinations. Whereas lithium-zinc and lithium-cadmium bases afforded different mono- and diiodides after subsequent interception with iodine, complete regioselectivities were observed with the corresponding lithium-copper combination, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with benzoyl chlorides. The obtained selectivities have been discussed in light of the CH acidities of the substrates, determined both in the gas phase and as a solution in THF by using the DFT B3LYP method.
Etanercept does not impair healing in rat models of tendon or metaphyseal bone injury (2012)

Etanercept does not appear to impair tendon or metaphyseal bone healing to any substantial degree.
Structural Color in Porous, Superhydrophilic, and Self‐Cleaning SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Bragg Stacks (2007)

Thin-film Bragg stacks exhibiting structural color have been fabricated by a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process involving the sequential adsorption of nanoparticles and polymers. High- and low-refractive-index regions of quarter-wave stacks were generated by calcining LbL-assembled multilayers containing TiO(2) and SiO(2) nanoparticles, respectively. The physical attributes of each region were characterized by a recently developed ellipsometric method. The structural color characteristics of the resultant nanoporous Bragg stacks could be precisely tuned in the visible region by varying the number of stacks and the thickness of the high- and low-refractive-index stacks. These Bragg stacks also exhibited potentially useful superhydrophilicity and self-cleaning properties.
Banner Blindness: The Irony of Attention Grabbing on the World Wide Web (1998)

Web designers attempt to draw attention to important links by making them distinctive. However, when users are asked to find specific items, they often overlook these distinctive banners. The irony of “banner blindness” is that the user who really wants to find the information the designer has highlighted is not likely to do so. In the experiments reported here, banner blindness is reproduced under controlled conditions. Banners located higher on the page and therefore further from the other page links were missed more often than banners located lower on the page and closer to the other links. Banners were missed more often when located on pages containing links to categories than when located on pages with links to specific items. Users saw banners hardly at all when clicking a banner was not required to accomplish a task.
Characterization of Asphaltenes from Hydrotreated Products by SEC, LDMS, MALDI, NMR, and XRD (2007)

Maya crude was hydrotreated at different reaction conditions in a pilot plant. Asphaltenes were precipitated from hydrotreated products with n-heptane as a solvent in a pressurized system with heating and stirring. Structural characterization studies have been carried out on asphaltenes from Maya crude. Molecular-weight distributions were obtained by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as solvents. Nonfragmenting techniques, such as laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI−MS), were also used for determining molecular-weight distributions. Crystallite parameters of asphaltenes were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) after they were precipitated. Average structural parameters were calculated from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The influence of reaction conditions are studied in terms of structural changes in asphaltenes.