gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Horizon autopicking (2000)

The fundamental value of horizon autopicking is that it quickly and accurately performs straightforward event correlations (in the words of C. Hewitt Dix, those correlations that “almost anyone can understand”), thereby allowing an interpreter to devote greater attention to more difficult and complex problems. In “Modern 3-D seismic interpretation” (TLE, 1998), Dorn thoroughly describes autopicking (also known as autotracking) as one of the most important tools available to an interpreter for efficient and accurate interpretation of a 3-D volume. He remarks on the importance of knowing the type of autopicker being used (feature versus correlation tracking) and the path it follows through the data. An interpreter's lack of attention to either of these elements of autopicking, or failure to assess the suitability of a data set for autopicking, can give rise to serious interpretation pitfalls. The pitfalls discussed in this paper are proper selection of the input control grid for autopicking, the “directional” behavior of autopickers, autopicking in areas with low signal/noise, and recognition of elements of geology that are not suitable for interpretation by auto-picking.
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Phosphorylates and Regulates the Drosophila Eag Potassium Channel (2002)

Modulation of neuronal excitability is believed to be an important mechanism of plasticity in the nervous system. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been postulated to regulate the ether à go-go (eag) potassium channel in Drosophila. Inhibition of CaMKII and mutation of the eag gene both cause hyperexcitability at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and memory formation defects in the adult. In this study, we identify a single site, threonine 787, as the major CaMKII phosphorylation site in Eag. This site can be phosphorylated by CaMKII both in a heterologous cell system and in vivo at the larval NMJ. Expression of Eag in Xenopus oocytes was used to assess the function of phosphorylation. Injection of either a specific CaMKII inhibitor peptide or lavendustin C, another CaMKII inhibitor, reduced Eag current amplitude acutely. Mutation of threonine 787 to alanine also reduced amplitude. Moreover, both CaMKII inhibition and the alanine mutation accelerated inactivation. The reduction in current amplitudes and the accelerated inactivation of dephosphorylated Eag channels would result in decreased outward potassium currents and hyperexcitability at presynaptic terminals and, thus, are consistent with the NMJ phenotype observed when CaMKII is inhibited. These results show that Eag is a substrate of CaMKII and suggest that direct modulation of potassium channels may be an important function of this kinase.
Histochemical evaluation of the lipid droplet content of bovine oviductal and endometrial epithelial cells (1977)

Limited histochemical information is available concerning the lipid content of the bovine oviduct (Weeth & Herman, 1952; Bjorkman & Fredricsson, 1961) and endometrium (Weeth & Herman, 1952; Skjerven, 1956; Marinov & Lovell, 1968), and the proximity of the corpus luteum or developing follicle has not been examined as a possible local influence on such content. The object of this study was to examine the influence of the stage of the oestrous cycle as well as the proximity of the corpus luteum or developing follicle on the histochemically demonstrable lipid of the bovine oviduct and endometrium.
La transformación del periodismo científico: el tratamiento en prensa de la visita de Einstein a España (1998)

Los cambios producidos durante este siglo en el periodismo especializado son notables. En este trabajo tratamos de aproximarnos a como fueron los principios de ese periodismo, utilizando como ejemplo la repercusion en la prensa canaria de la visita de Albert Einstein a Espana. Con ello, rendimos un homenaje a los principios del periodismo cientifico en Europa, al tiempo que celebramos el 75 aniversario de esta visita (1 de marzo de 1923).
Marketing Opportunities withSocial Networks (2011)

Social networks are websites which allow users to communicate, share knowledge about similar interests, discuss favorite topics, review and rate products/services, etc. Even though social network marketing is still in its infancy, it holds a potential success for businesses if it is carefully integrated in the marketing mix. This paper discusses the advantages and risks that social network marketing holds. Future opportunities for social networks, particularly mobile social networking, are also discussed
Important roles of drought‐ and cold‐inducible genes for galactinol synthase in stress tolerance in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2002)

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulating during seed development are thought to play a role in the desiccation tolerance of seeds. However, the functions of RFO in desiccation tolerance have not been elucidated. Here we examine the functions of RFO in Arabidopsis thaliana plants under drought- and cold-stress conditions, based on the analyses of function and expression of genes involved in RFO biosynthesis. Sugar analysis showed that drought-, high salinity- and cold-treated Arabidopsis plants accumulate a large amount of raffinose and galactinol, but not stachyose. Raffinose and galactinol were not detected in unstressed plants. This suggests that raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stresses. Galactinol synthase (GolS) catalyses the first step in the biosynthesis of RFO from UDP-galactose. We identified three stress-responsive GolS genes (AtGolS1, 2 and 3) among seven Arabidopsis GolS genes. AtGolS1 and 2 were induced by drought and high-salinity stresses, but not by cold stress. By contrast, AtGolS3 was induced by cold stress but not by drought or salt stress. All the GST fusion proteins of GST-AtGolS1, 2 and 3 expressed in Escherichia coli had galactinol synthase activities. Overexpression of AtGolS2 in transgenic Arabidopsis caused an increase in endogenous galactinol and raffinose, and showed reduced transpiration from leaves to improve drought tolerance. These results show that stress-inducible galactinol synthase plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions, and that galactinol and raffinose may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance of plants.
Generation of high repetition rate pulse bursts via femtosecond readout of a double-passed arrayed waveguide grating (2002)

In summary, we have shown that very-high repetition rate pulse bursts can be generated with an increased number of pulses by double-passing a small-FSR AWG. Equivalently, two identical AWG's could be interconnected back-to-back to generate the same functionality in transmission. The output temporal profile is determined by the autoconvolution of the temporal profile of an output channel in single-pass. This scheme shows promise for manipulating ultrafast optical waveforms via hybrid WDM/TDM optical processing. For example, with further engineering of the AWG structure, it may be possible to generate continuous very-high repetition rate pulse trains, as would be desired for a repetition-rate multiplication scheme of a lower-rate source.
Basic Study on Gene Therapy of Human Malignant Glioma by Use of the Cationic Multilamellar Liposome-Entrapped Human Interferon beta Gene (1999)

For gene therapy of human malignant glioma, we adopted positively charged multilamellar liposomes entrapping the human interferon beta (hIFN-beta) gene. One week after the transplantation of human malignant glioma U251-SP cells to produce glioma in nude mouse brain, the liposomes entrapping the gene (500 ng of DNA per 25 nmol of lipids per 2 microl) were injected into the same site of the cell transplantation once every second day for a total of five injections; and by this means the tumor completely disappeared. To confirm the antiproliferative effect of hIFN-beta, we performed an in vitro study using a plasmid containing a secretion signal sequence-deleted hIFN-beta gene and one containing the hIFN-beta gene inserted in reverse. In both cases, there was no hIFN-beta release into the medium and no growth inhibition effect. On addition of anti-hIFN-beta antibody to the medium, the growth inhibition effect was abolished. As this cell line expresses IFN-alpha/beta receptor, the hIFN-beta produced in the transfected cells could be released and acted in a paracrine manner. For 120 days the body weight change of normal mice treated by the same procedure as used in the curing experiment was not significant among the groups injected with empty liposomes, plasmid only, and liposomes entrapping the gene. In all of these three groups, death, abnormal behavior, and significant histological changes were not observed.
Nucleotide Sequence of cDNA Clone Encoding a Metallothionein-Like Protein from Chinese Cabbage (1995)

Metallothionein is a low mo1 wt, Cys-rich metal-binding protein that is resistant to high levels of toxic metal ions by means of detoxification (Steffens, 1990). A full-length cDNA (pBIF 98) encoding the metallothionein-like protein was isolated from the inflorescence cDNA library of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinesis). The nucleotide sequence has been determined using the dideoxynucleotide chain-termination method (Sanger et al., 1977) and the amino acid sequence deduced (Table I). The cDNA sequence is composed of 505 nucleotides, a putative open reading frame of 240 bp, a 5’ nontranslated sequence of 3 bp, and a 3’ noncoding region of 247 bp. The 3’ noncoding region contains the sequence AATATA 20 bp upstream from the polyadenylation site, which is homologous to the polyadenylation signal (AATAAA). Thr putative open reading frame encodes a protein of 80 residues (mo1 wt = 8108.82), which contains 14 Cys residues and three Cys-X-Cys or Cys-Cys clusters at the terminal region of the polypeptide. The regions of the Cys-X-Cys cluster at each terminal region are metal-binding domains. The domains are separated by an intervening sequence of amino acids like other metallothionein proteins (de Miranda et al., 1990). Comparison of this predicted protein with the protein identification resource protein data base (DNASIS software) shows 91.4, 47.4, 44.7, and 44.6% homology at the amino acid leve1 with metallothionein proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana (Protein Identification Resource accession No. S18069), garden pea (Evans et al., 1990), maize (de Framond, 1991), and barley (Okumura et al., 1991), respectively .
Triangular Defects Reduction and Uniformity Improvement of 4H-SiC Epitaxial Growth in a Planetary Reactor (2018)

High quality SiC Epilayers are essential for the development of high performance power devices. Killer defects such as triangular defects could cause leakage current paths within the high voltage SiC devices. This paper reports on the recent advances in 4H-SiC epitaxial growth toward high-throughput production in a commercial planetary reactor. The triangular defects are suppressed by the optimized pre-etching process, and the physics behind was investigated. The doping and thickness uniformities of the intra-wafer and wafer-to-wafer have also been improved.
Role of Wnt Signaling in Bone Remodeling and Repair (2007)

The Wnt genes encode a highly conserved class of signaling factors required for the development of several types of tissues including musculoskeletal and neural structures. There is increasing evidence that Wnt signaling is critical for bone mass accrual, bone remodeling, and fracture repair. Wnt proteins bind to cell-surface receptors and activate signaling pathways which control nuclear gene expression; this Wnt-regulated gene expression controls cell growth and differentiation. Many of the components of the Wnt pathway have recently been characterized, and specific loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in this pathway in mice and in humans have resulted in disorders of deficient or excess bone formation, respectively. Pharmacologically targeting components of the Wnt signaling pathway will allow for the manipulation of bone formation and remodeling and will have several orthopedic applications including enhancing bone formation in nonunion and osteoporosis and restricting pathologic bone formation in osteogenic tumors and heterotopic ossification.
Strong Modification of the Nonlinear Optical Response of Metallic Subwavelength Hole Arrays (2006)

The influence of hole shape on the nonlinear optical properties of metallic subwavelength hole arrays is investigated. It is found that the amount of second harmonics generated can be enhanced by changing the hole shape. In part this increase is a direct result of the effect of hole shape on the linear transmission properties. Remarkably, in addition to enhancements that follow directly from the linear properties of the array, we find a hot hole shape. For rectangular holes the effective nonlinear response is enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude for one particular aspect ratio. This enhancement can be attributed to slow propagation of the fundamental wavelength through the holes which occurs close to the hole cutoff.
The Metal-Cancellous Cementless Lübeck total hip arthroplasty (1998)

We implanted 51 Metal-Cancellous Cementless Lübeck (MCCL) prostheses into 45 patients with dysplastic hips and followed 49 hips (96.1%) for five to nine years. One had needed revision for stem fracture and one for infection; the clinical outcome of the other 47 hips was assessed using the Merle d’Aubigné and Postel hip score. All hips were either excellent (63%) or good (37%). Three patients (6%) had mild thigh pain at six months, but this had settled within two years. Serial radiographs showed stable fixation with bone ingrowth in all hips, with increased density of the cancellous bone in contact with the implant and some trabecular ingrowth. There was early varus shift of the stem in one hip, but this stabilised in three months. Osteolysis of the femoral cortex was seen in one hip at seven years after surgery, and mild bone resorption due to stress shielding in 31 (63%). Acetabular bone grafting with autogenous bone from the femoral head gave successful support to the socket in 13 hips. The MCCL prosthesis gave satisfactory mid-term results in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia.
Body mass and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis (2001)

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, the relationship between obesity and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis is less clear. We hypothesized that increased breast size in obese women may delay discovery of breast tumors. Thus, the purpose of our study was to examine whether there is an association between body mass and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis using hospital medical records. Newly diagnosed breast cancer cases (n = 966) in the Baltimore metropolitan area from 1991 to 1997 were included in our study. Patient information including age, ethnicity, weight, height and pathology data were obtained from hospital medical records. High body mass was significantly associated with late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. Women who were obese (body mass index [BMI] > or = 27.3) were more likely to be at an advanced stage at diagnosis compared with women with a BMI of < 27.3 (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.14). The association between body mass and stage at diagnosis was stronger among women younger than 50 years (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.34-4.08) compared with women 50 years or older (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.89-1.91). Our study suggests that higher body mass is associated with advanced stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. This finding may be of considerable concern, given the increasing prevalence of obesity in women in the United States and the poor prognosis associated with late-stage tumors.
Conducting Polymers as Deep-UV and Electron Beam Resists:Direct Production of Micrometer Scale Conducting Structures from Poly(3-octylthiophene). (1991)

The development of compositions of poly(3-octylthiophene) with ethylene 1,2-bis(4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate) as deep-UV and electron beam (EB) resists is described. Compositions containing 4-6 wt% of the latter were found to serve as negative deep-UV resists while the polymer itself was found to be a negative EB resist with a sensitivity of 15-30 μC cm −2 . The cross-linked polymer retained the electrical conductivity of the original polymer. Poly(3-octylthiophene) was used for the direct production of micrometer-scale conducting structures via EB lithography
Simultaneous measurement of twist angle and cell gap of a twisted nematic cell by an optical method (2002)

An optical method is presented which makes it possible to measure simultaneously the twist angle and the cell gap of a filled twisted nematic liquid crystal display that has an arbitrary unknown twist angle between 0 degrees and 360 degrees . It can also determine the sense of handedness of the twist and the two rubbing directions of an unknown panel. Using this method, the measurement uncertainty of the cell gap is within 1% and measurement uncertainties of the twist angle and rubbing directions are within 1 degrees .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power Doppler in prostate cancer (1997)

Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, The University of Western Ontario, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5 Canada
Zn2+ Induces Permeability Transition Pore Opening and Release of Pro-apoptotic Peptides from Neuronal Mitochondria (2001)

Rapid entry of Ca(2+) or Zn(2+) kills neurons. Mitochondria are major sites of Ca(2+)-dependent toxicity. This study examines Zn(2+)-initiated mitochondrial cell death signaling. 10 nm Zn(2+) induced acute swelling of isolated mitochondria, which was much greater than that induced by higher Ca(2+) levels. Zn(2+) entry into mitochondria was dependent upon the Ca(2+) uniporter, and the consequent swelling resulted from opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Confocal imaging of intact neurons revealed entry of Zn(2+) (with Ca(2+)) to cause pronounced mitochondrial swelling, which was far greater than that induced by Ca(2+) entry alone. Further experiments compared the abilities of Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) to induce mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyt-c) or apoptosis-inducing factor. In isolated mitochondria, 10 nm Zn(2+) exposures induced Cyt-c release. Induction of Zn(2+) entry into cortical neurons resulted in distinct increases in cytosolic Cyt-c immunolabeling and in cytosolic and nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor labeling within 60 min. In comparison, higher absolute [Ca(2+)](i) rises were less effective in inducing release of these factors. Addition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid decreased Zn(2+)-dependent release of the factors and attenuated neuronal cell death as assessed by trypan blue staining 5-6 h after the exposures.
The effectiveness of the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system in menorrhagia: a systematic review (2001)

Effectiveness and cost effectiveness relative to other treatments and the effect on surgical waiting lists can only be established in larger trials measuring patient-centred outcomes in women with menorrhagia.
A Tool to Assess the Comfort of Wearable Computers (2005)

Wearable computer comfort can be affected by numerous factors, making its assessment based on one value with one scale inappropriate. This paper presents a tool that measures wearable comfort across six dimensions: emotion, attachment, harm, perceived change, movement, and anxiety. The dimensions for these comfort rating scales were specifically developed for wearable equipment assessment by applying multidimensional scaling to a comfort term association matrix developed using the results of groupings of wearable computer comfort terms. Testing the scales on four different types of wearable computer showed that the scales can be used to highlight differences in comfort between different types of technology for different aspects of comfort. An intraclass correlation of .872 suggested that the scales were used with a high level of reliability. A second study showed that modifications made to a wearable computer resulted in improvements in comfort, although they were not significant (p > .05). A potential application for this research is as an aid to designers and researchers for assessing the wearability, in terms of comfort, of wearable computer devices and to determine the effectiveness of any modifications made to the design of a wearable device.
Self-care versus self-harm: piercing, tattooing, and self-injuring in eating disorders (2004)

Eating disordered patients seem to have a love–hate relationship with their bodies. Why do some decorate their bodies by means of tattooing and piercing, while others deliberately injure themselves and make parts of their body unattractive? We have explored this question in 101 eating-disordered patients by means of self-reporting questionnaires about the presence and characteristics of tattooing, piercing and self-injuring as well as the underlying motives. Furthermore, we studied the co-occurrence of impulsive behaviours as well as personality traits. In our patient sample, 11.9 per cent had one or more tattoos, 25.7 per cent a piercing and 64.9 per cent showed some form of self-injurious behaviour (SIB). Tattooing and piercing are clearly driven by esthetical reasons, whereas SIB can have various explanations. All three behaviours were significantly more often linked to substance (ab)use. With respect to personality traits, piercing was positively linked to extraversion (positive affectivity) and openness, and negatively to conscientiousness. SIB, on the contrary, was positively linked to neuroticism (negative affectivity) and conscientiousness, and negatively to extraversion and openness. Tattooing did not show significant correlations with particular personality traits (probably due to the small number of tattooed patients). In summary, piercing and tattooing seem to reflect more self-care, and might protect some patients against more self-harm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
An Efficient Data-Driven Clustering Technique to Detect Attacks in SCADA Systems (2015)

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have become a salient part in controlling critical infrastructures, such as power plants, energy grids, and water distribution systems. In the past decades, these systems were isolated and use proprietary software, operating systems, and protocols. In recent years, SCADA systems have been interfaced with enterprise systems, which therefore exposed them to the vulnerabilities of the Internet and the security threats. Traditional security solutions (e.g., firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems) cannot fully protect SCADA systems, because they have different requirements. This paper presents an innovative intrusion detection approach to detect SCADA tailored attacks. This is based on a data-driven clustering technique of process parameters, which automatically identifies the normal and critical states of a given system. Later, it extracts proximity-based detection rules from the identified states for monitoring purposes. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested by conducting experiments on eight data sets that consist of process parameters' values. The empirical results demonstrated an average accuracy of 98% in automatically identifying the critical states, while facilitating the monitoring of the SCADA system.