gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase interpolation technique based on high-speed SERDES chip CDR (2016)

This design combines the advantages of CDR CDR circuit two structures PID and PI-based clock data is based on the structure of semi-digital dual loop recovery system. Using TSMC-0.25m CMOS process to achieve the PLL design, the operating frequency range of 1.6-2.7GHz, and successfully applied a SERDES chip. Small footprint annular VCO wide frequency adjustment range, and can easily produce the CDR SerDes required multi-phase clock.
Extended-Interval Dosing of Rezafungin against Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (2019)

We evaluated extended-interval dosing of the investigational echinocandin rezafungin (1, 4, and 16 mg/kg on days 1, 4, and 7 postinoculation) for the treatment of disseminated invasive aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Survival was significantly improved in mice treated with each dose of rezafungin and supratherapeutic posaconazole (20 mg/kg twice daily). Kidney fungal burden, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR, was also significantly reduced in mice treated with rezafungin although variability was observed.
High levels of TH2 cytokine gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1996)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a clear imbalance in the network made up of different cytokines. However this statement has been derived from studies which have focused on the analysis of some specific cytokines and few have simultaneously analyzed those cytokines that could be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Therefore, we decided to analyze interleukin IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and gamma interferon (IFN-g) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 17 women with SLE and 10 normal females by a coupled reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. High gene expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a was found in SLE patients as compared to normal subjects. The expression of IL-1b, IL-2 and IFN-g genes was low or undetectable. The resulting high level of cytokines with strong effect on proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes in SLE could be responsible for the characteristic B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production seen in SLE.
Bootstrapping and Multiple Imputation Ensemble Approaches for Missing Data (2018)

Presence of missing values in a dataset can adversely affect the performance of a classifier. Single and Multiple Imputation are normally performed to fill in the missing values. In this paper, we present several variants of combining single and multiple imputation with bootstrapping to create ensembles that can model uncertainty and diversity in the data, and that are robust to high missingness in the data. We present three ensemble strategies: bootstrapping on incomplete data followed by (i) single imputation and (ii) multiple imputation, and (iii) multiple imputation ensemble without bootstrapping. We perform an extensive evaluation of the performance of the these ensemble strategies on 8 datasets by varying the missingness ratio. Our results show that bootstrapping followed by multiple imputation using expectation maximization is the most robust method even at high missingness ratio (up to 30%). For small missingness ratio (up to 10%) most of the ensemble methods perform quivalently but better than single imputation. Kappa-error plots suggest that accurate classifiers with reasonable diversity is the reason for this behaviour. A consistent observation in all the datasets suggests that for small missingness (up to 10%), bootstrapping on incomplete data without any imputation produces equivalent results to other ensemble methods.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Amitriptylinoxide in the Treatment of Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Multi-Centre Controlled Study (1994)

Amitriptyline is the medication of first choice in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache. In 197 patients with chronic tension-type headache (87M and 110F with a mean age of 38 +/- 13 (18-68)) efficacy and tolerability of 60-90 mg amitriptylinoxide (AO) were compared with 50-75 mg amitriptyline (AM) and placebo (PL) in a double-blind, parallel-group trial consisting of a four weeks' baseline phase and 12 weeks of treatment. The primary study endpoint was a reduction of at least 50% of the product of headache duration and frequency and a reduction of at least 50% in headache intensity. Statistics used were Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. No significant difference emerged between AO, AM and PL with respect to the primary study endpoint. Treatment response occurred in 30.3% of the AO, 22.4% of the AM and 21.9% of the PL group. A reduction in headache duration and frequency of at least 50% was found in 39.4% on AO, in 25.4% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .1384, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .0973). A reduction in headache intensity of at least 50% was found in 31.8% on AO, in 26.9% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .5657, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .5715). Trend analysis with respect to a significant reduction of headache intensity (p < 0.05) and the product of headache duration and frequency revealed a superior effect of AO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of Different Cell Isolation Techniques on Lymphocyte Viability and Function (2006)

The outcome of immunological assays is markedly influenced by the method of isolation of lymphocytes. It is, therefore, important to comparatively assess various techniques of isolation of lymphocytes, an aspect thus far not thoroughly addressed. In particular, the potential of isolation techniques to influence cell recovery, viability, and function has not yet been evaluated. These studies were designed to determine the effect of different mechanical tissue dissociation methods on the viability and function of lymphocytes. Following spleen and thymus removal, the lymphoid organs were dissociated by one of four different tissue dissociation techniques: metallic screen, sheer force slide, commercial stomacher, or plunger-screen. Cells were then enumerated and a trypan blue exclusion technique and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) were both employed to assess viability. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was measured using the Alamar Blue assay. Cell viability and lymphocyte surface antigen expression were assessed using flow cytometry. No significant differences in lymphocyte viability, morphology, or surface antigen expression were observed among the different techniques. Likewise, cellular apoptosis and necrosis were comparable across all the techniques. However, mitogen induced splenic T-cell proliferation was higher in cells collected using the metallic screen and plunger-screen isolation methods as compared to the sheer force slide or commercial stomacher procedures. These data suggest that cell recovery, morphology, and viability are not affected by isolation techniques. However, lymphocyte function, as assessed by mitogen induced proliferation, was negatively affected by the sheer force slide or commercial stomacher isolation techniques.
MoS<sub>2</sub> Transistors Fabricated <i>via</i> Plasma-Assisted Nanoprinting of Few-Layer MoS<sub>2</sub> Flakes into Large-Area Arrays (2013)

Large-area few-layer-MoS2 device arrays are desirable for scale-up applications in nanoelectronics. Here we present a novel approach for producing orderly arranged, pristine few-layer MoS2 flakes, which holds significant potential to be developed into a nanomanufacturing technology that can be scaled up. We pattern bulk MoS2 stamps using lithographic techniques and subsequently transfer-print prepatterned MoS2 features onto pristine and plasma-charged SiO2 substrates. Our work successfully demonstrates the transfer printing of MoS2 flakes into ordered arrays over cm(2)-scale areas. Especially, the MoS2 patterns printed on plasma-charged substrates feature a regular edge profile and a narrow distribution of MoS2 flake thicknesses (i.e., 3.0 ± 1.9 nm) over cm(2)-scale areas. Furthermore, we experimentally show that our plasma-assisted printing process can be generally used for producing other emerging atomically layered nanostructures (e.g., graphene nanoribbons). We also demonstrate working n-type transistors made from printed MoS2 flakes that exhibit excellent properties (e.g., ON/OFF current ratio 10(5)-10(7), field-effect mobility on SiO2 gate dielectrics 6 to 44 cm(2)/(V s)) as well as good uniformity of such transistor parameters over a large area. Finally, with additional plasma treatment processes, we also show the feasibility of creation of p-type transistors as well as pn junctions in MoS2 flakes. This work lays an important foundation for future scale-up nanoelectronic applications of few-layer-MoS2 micro- and nanostructures.
The Detection of Opiate Drugs in Nontraditional Specimens (Clothing): A Report of Ten Cases (1995)

We present a series of 10 fatalities involving opiate overdosage, in which morphine, codeine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine were identified and quantified, not only in postmortem biological samples, but also in pieces of underwear taken from the bodies. Small tissue samples (about 1 g) were cut off from several parts of the underwear, stored at ambient temperature until analysis, then extracted by agitation in a mixture of chloroform/2-propanol/n-heptane (60:14:26, v/v/v) and assayed using GC/MS in the single ion monitoring mode. Morphine, codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine concentrations were in the range 0.02 to 9.27 micrograms/g. These results indicate that the impregnation of underwear by sweat and sebaceous secretions and/or urine provides detectable levels of the drugs excreted by these ways. Even in the absence of biological samples, assaying pieces of clothing may bring some evidence about the drug abuser status of their owner.
Animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma: hepadnavirus-induced liver cancer in woodchucks. (1991)

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a member of the Hepadnaviridae, is closely related to hepatitis-B virus (HBV) in its virus structure, genetic organization, and mechanism of replication. As with HBV in man, persistent WHV infection is common in natural woodchuck populations and is associated with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental studies have established that WHV causes HCC in woodchucks. Chronic WHV carriage as an outcome of experimental infection is a function of animal age at time of exposure, virus dose, and, possibly, virus strain. Almost all (97%) chronic carriers developed histologically confirmed HCC within 3 years while no HCC developed in uninfected animals held concurrently in the same laboratory setting. The model has application in the study of underlying mechanisms of hepadnavirus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and to the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies of disease control.
Enthalpy relaxation of bovine serum albumin and implications for its storage in the glassy state (2005)

Two endothermic peaks could be observed for five commercial samples of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The smaller peak observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) corresponded to enthalpy relaxation. This peak was followed on storage of BSA, in its glassy state, after it had been heated above its denaturation temperature. Enthalpy and peak temperature increased with duration of storage. On storage for one week at 60 degrees C, a sample at 8.3% moisture showed a peak at 100 degrees C with an energy value of approximately 2 J per g protein. BSA samples were heated within the DSC sufficiently to eliminate the lower enthalpy peak but without altering the denaturation enthotherm. The amount of physical aging shown by these BSA samples was similar to that of the heat-denatured samples. It was concluded that the heating endotherms of dry BSA reflect both the storage and thermal history of the sample. Possible implications of the enthalpy relaxation of BSA on the behavior of this important protein are considered.
Targeting the proper amyloid-beta neuronal toxins: a path forward for Alzheimer’s disease immunotherapeutics (2014)

Abstract Levels of amyloid-beta monomer and deposited amyloid-beta in the Alzheimer’s disease brain are orders of magnitude greater than soluble amyloid-beta oligomer levels. Monomeric amyloid-beta has no known direct toxicity. Insoluble fibrillar amyloid-beta has been proposed to be an in vivo mechanism for removal of soluble amyloid-beta and exhibits relatively low toxicity. In contrast, soluble amyloid-beta oligomers are widely reported to be the most toxic amyloid-beta form, both causing acute synaptotoxicity and inducing neurodegenerative processes. None of the amyloid-beta immunotherapies currently in clinical development selectively target soluble amyloid-beta oligomers, and their lack of efficacy is not unexpected considering their selectivity for monomeric or fibrillar amyloid-beta (or both) rather than soluble amyloid-beta oligomers. Because they exhibit acute, memory-compromising synaptic toxicity and induce chronic neurodegenerative toxicity and because they exist at very low in vivo levels in the Alzheimer’s disease brain, soluble amyloid-beta oligomers constitute an optimal immunotherapeutic target that should be pursued more aggressively.
Reactive intermediates in aqueous ozone decomposition: A mechanistic approach (2006)

Abstract This paper provides a detailed account of recent developments in the mechanistic interpretation of aqueous ozone decomposition. Experimental complications with collecting reliable kinetic information for this system are illustrated via a few examples. Classical and comprehensive data treatment methods are compared, and an advanced kinetic model is presented on the basis of simultaneous evaluation of about 60 kinetic traces recorded at 260, 430, and 600 nm. These are the wavelengths of the absorbance maxima of O 3 , O 3 - , and CO 3 - , respectively. The model is used to explore specific features of the initiation sequence, the role of reactive intermediates, and the carbonate ion inhibition. It is also demonstrated how a complex kinetic model can be validated by studying the system under specific experimental conditions.
Genomic imprinting, development and disease—is pre-eclampsia caused by a maternally imprinted gene? (1998)

Several genes in conserved clusters are expressed from only the maternal or the paternal allele. The other allele has been genetically silenced ('imprinted') by its passage through one sex. Many known imprinted genes have effects on embryonic or trophoblast growth or fetal development, and mutation or loss of the single active copy causes diseases such as Prader-Willi, Angelmann and Beckwith-Wiederman syndromes. Imprinted genes show an unusual mode of inheritance, since mutant genes have an effect on the phenotype only if they come from the parent from which they are expressed. This may explain some conditions which appear to be heritable but show an inconsistent pattern in affected families. Of particular interest is pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, the most serious complication of pregnancy, which has some features suggesting that it results from fetal expression of the mutant gene, but others which imply it results from maternal expression. This could be resolved by proposing that the condition is due to mutation in a paternally imprinted, maternally active gene which must be expressed by the fetus in order to establish a normal placenta in the first pregnancy.
SentiVoice - a system for querying hotel service reviews via phone (2015)

Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a new research field but playing an important role in computer sciences, attracting interests of academia as well as industry. As a field of research, it is closely related to natural language processing, machine learning, text mining and information retrieval. In this paper, we use the machine learning approach to classify hotel service reviews. The results of this phase are integrated into our voice server system that we have successfully developed previously ([31], [32]). As a result, users can consult hotel information via phone calls instead of the keyboard.
Summarization Based on Task-Oriented Discourse Parsing (2015)

Previous research demonstrates that discourse relations can help generate high-quality summaries. Existing studies usually adopt existing discourse parsers directly with no modifications, hence cannot take full advantage of discourse parsing. This paper describes a new single document summarization system. In contrast to previous work, we train a discourse parser specially for summarization by using summaries. The training data are dynamically changed during the training phase to enable the parser to grab the text units that are important for summaries. A special tree-based summary extraction algorithm is designed to work with the new parser. The proposed system enables us to combine discourse parsing and summarization in a unified scheme. Experiments on both the RST-DT and DUC2001 datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Digital implementation of bus clamped space vector modulation (1994)

Space vector modulation has recently become a popular PWM method of supplying a high performance drive. An adaptation of SVM modulation is presented here. This system is called bus clamped space vector modulation. This method has some practical advantages when compared to normal SVM. These include a reduced average switching frequency, easy digital implementation and asynchronous control and switching frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Mur, an Atypical Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Derived from<i>Leuconostoc citreum</i> (2001)

A gene encoding a protein homologous to known bacterial N-acetyl-muramidases has been cloned from Leuconostoc citreum by a PCR-based approach. The encoded protein, Mur, consists of 209 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 23,821 Da including a 31-amino-acid putative signal peptide. In contrast to most of the other known peptidoglycan hydrolases, L. citreum Mur protein does not contain amino acid repeats involved in cell wall binding. The purified L. citreum Mur protein was shown to exhibit peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing activity by renaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An active chimeric protein was constructed by fusion of L. citreum Mur to the C-terminal repeat-containing domain (cA) of AcmA, the major autolysin of Lactococcus lactis. Expression of the Mur-cA fusion protein was able to complement an acmA mutation in L. lactis; normal cell separation after cell division was restored by Mur-cA expression.
Packet-Mode Scheduling with Proportional Fairness for Input-Queued Switches (2005)

Proportional fair bandwidth allocation in packet switches is a fundamental issue to provide quality of service (QoS) support in IP networks. In input-queued switches, packet-mode scheduling delivers all the segments of a packet contiguously from the input port to the output port, thus greatly simplifying the design of packet reassembly modules and yielding performance advantage over cell-mode scheduling under certain conditions [1]. One of the important issues of packet-mode scheduling is how to achieve fair bandwidth allocation among flows with different packet sizes. This paper presents an algorithm called packet-mode fair scheduling (pFS) that guarantees each flow a bandwidth proportional to its reservation regardless of the packet size distribution and the system load. Simulations show that our approach achieves good fairness as well as high throughput and low packet delay. Compared to algorithms without fairness mechanism, pFS yields significant performance improvement in terms of average packet delay when the traffic is heterogeneous. A hardware implementation is presented to show that the proposed algorithm has low complexity and the computation can be completed in a single clock cycle, which makes pFS applicable to high-speed switches.
bing diao duo bi xiao yu (1997)

去年12月15日,大雾,能见度极差,偕舒、李二位渔友来到昌平县昌兴渔场里的一个苇塘冰钓,想为我区钓协会员寻找适宜冰钓的场地。夏日曾来过两次,塘边芦苇茂盛,小鱼闹得很凶,而且不论手竿海竿,常因被挂住造成线切钩断;但上的鲫鱼又大又肥,颇具吸引力。
Coupled Dynamic Modeling of Floating Wind Turbine Systems (2006)

Abstract This article presents a collaborative research program that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have undertaken to develop innovative and cost-effective floating and mooring systems for offshore wind turbines in water depths of 10-200 m. Methods for the coupled structural, hydrodynamic, and aerodynamic analysis of floating wind turbine systems are presented in the frequency domain. This analysis was conducted by coupling the aerodynamics and structural dynamics code FAST [4] developed at NREL with the wave load and response simulation code WAMIT (Wave Analysis at MIT) [15] developed at MIT. Analysis tools were developed to consider coupled interactions between the wind turbine and the floating system. These include the gyroscopic loads of the wind turbine rotor on the tower and floater, the aerodynamic damping introduced by the wind turbine rotor, the hydrodynamic damping introduced by wave-body interactions, and the hydrodynamic forces caused by wave excitation. Analyses were conducted for two floater concepts coupled with the NREL 5-MW Offshore Baseline wind turbine in water depths of 10-200 m: the MIT/NREL Shallow Drafted Barge (SDB) and the MIT/NREL Tension Leg Platform (TLP). These concepts were chosen to represent two different methods of achieving stability to identify differences in performance and cost of the different stability methods. The static and dynamic analyses of these structures evaluate the system's responses to wave excitation at a range of frequencies, the system's natural frequencies, and the standard deviations of the system's motions in each degree of freedom in various wind and wave environments. This article explores the effects of coupling the wind turbine with the floating platform, the effects of water depth, and the effects of wind speed on the systems performance. An economic feasibility analysis of the two concepts was also performed. Key cost components included the material and construction costs of the buoy; material and installation costs of the tethers, mooring lines, and anchor technologies; costs of transporting and installing the system at the chosen site; and the cost of mounting the wind turbine to the platform. The two systems were evaluated based on their static and dynamic performance and the total system installed cost. Both systems demonstrated acceptable motions, and have estimated costs of $1.4-$1.8 million, not including the cost of the wind turbine, the power electronics, or the electrical transmission. 1. Introduction A rich wind resource lies untapped off the coasts of the United States with an estimated capacity near 1 TW. This resource is available 5-50 miles off the coast in water depths mostly greater than 30 m. At these depths, the current practice of installing wind turbines on monopiles that are driven into the seabed becomes economically infeasible. The deployment of wind power technology on floating platforms offers a promising solution for offshore wind power at these depths, and a potential alternative to monopiles in shallower water.