gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Data Validation Based on Lifecycle-Bounded Metadata (2010)

Data validation is known to be the task performed in almost every business application and occurs through almost all levels of modern multi-tier application. Being a crosscutting concern validation requires some extra effort to make sure that it works right and consistent in all tiers thus increasing time to test the application and possible number of application bugs. The article describes an approach to describe complex lifecycle-bounded validation in a declarative manner making it reusable through the application.
Cooling the greenhouse with bioenergy (1991)

Global warming caused by burning fossil fuels could be reduced by the use of biomass for energy. This strategy could be more effective than sequestering carbon by growing more trees.
An Improved Scheme for Asymmetric LSH. (2014)

Recently it was shown that the problem of Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) is efficient and it admits provably sub-linear hashing algorithms. Asymmetric transformations before hashing were the key in solving MIPS which was otherwise hard. In the prior work, the authors use asymmetric transformations which convert the problem of approximate MIPS into the problem of approximate near neighbor search which can be efficiently solved using hashing. In this work, we provide a different transformation which converts the problem of approximate MIPS into the problem of approximate cosine similarity search which can be efficiently solved using signed random projections. Theoretical analysis show that the new scheme is significantly better than the original scheme for MIPS. Experimental evaluations strongly support the theoretical findings.
Sequence-specific DNA recognition by the Myb-like domain of the human telomere binding protein TRF1: A model for the protein-DNA complex (1998)

Telomeres consist of tandem arrays of short G-rich sequence motifs packaged by specific DNA binding proteins. In humans the double-stranded telomeric TTAGGG repeats are specifically bound by TRF1 and TRF2. Although telomere binding proteins from evolutionarily distant species are not sequence homologues, they share a Myb-like DNA binding motif. Here we have used gel retardation, primer extension and DNase I footprinting analyses to define the binding site of the isolated Myb-like domain of TRF1 and present a three-dimensional model for its interaction with human telomeric DNA. Our results suggest that the Myb-like domain of TRF1 recognizes a binding site centred on the sequence GGGTTA and that its DNA binding mode is similar to that of the homeodomain-like motifs of the yeast telomere binding protein RAP1. The implications of these findings for recognition of telomeric DNA in general are discussed.
Inhibition of Activated/Memory (CD45RO+) T Cells by Oxidative Stress Associated with Block of NF-κB Activation (2001)

Impaired immune responses in cancer patients have been associated with oxidative stress. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species released from activated, tumor-infiltrating macrophages or granulocytes may therefore constitute a hurdle for effective immunotherapy against cancer. In this study, we investigated functional consequences and molecular events in T cells exposed to low levels of oxidative stress. We observed that cytokine production of human PBMC, upon stimulation with an HLA-A*0201-restricted influenza peptide and nonspecific receptor cross-linking, was reduced after exposure to micromolar levels of H2O2. Functional impairment as measured by IFN-gamma release occurred earlier and at lower doses of exogenously added H2O2 than required to induce apoptosis. This suggests that there is a dose window of oxidative stress leading to T cell unresponsiveness in the absence of apoptosis. The reduction of Th1 cytokines, induced by H2O2, was predominantly observed in memory/effector (CD45RO(+)) T cells and correlated with a block in NF-kappaB activation. IL-10 production was more profoundly influenced by low doses of H2O2 than IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. The influence of H2O2 on production of IL-10 was not significantly different between memory/activated and naive T cells. These observations suggest that Th1 and Th2 cytokines are differently regulated under conditions of oxidative stress. Taken together, these findings may explain why Ag-experienced, CD45RO(+), T cells found in the tumor milieu are functionally suppressed.
A fast method for global depth-map extraction from natural images (2012)

Dense depth-map extraction approaches either suffer from limited accuracy and robustness when run on natural images or from long computation times due to complex global optimizations. Recent improvements in massively parallel execution architectures found in today's graphics processing units motivated us to parallelize the global optimization process.
Design of a 380 m DC HTS Power Cable (2010)

High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable is an effective power transmission utility with large capacity, high efficiency, and low loss, especially in DC power transmission. This paper describes the design of a 380 m HTS power cable with rated current of 10 kA for an aluminum electrolysis enterprise. The power cable connects the rectifier at a substation at one end with the bus bar of an aluminum electrolysis plant at the other end at Henan Zhongfu Industrial Co. LTD. The power cable will be energized in late of 2010. The design of the cable conductor, cryogenic envelope, termination, refrigeration, and online monitoring system of the 380 m HTS power cable are discussed in this paper.
Traveltime inversion for the geometry of aquifer lithologies (1996)

Abstract Crosswell traveltime tomography can provide detailed descriptions of the geometry and seismic slowness of lithologic zones in aquifers and reservoirs. Traditional tomographic inversions that estimate a smooth slowness field to match traveltime data, provide limited information about the dominant scale of subsurface heterogeneity. We demonstrate an alternative method, called the multiple population inversion (MPI), that co-inverts traveltimes between multiple well pairs to identify the spatial distribution of a small number of slowness populations. We also compare the MPI with the split inversion method (SIM) that was recently introduced to address the same problem. The lithologies and hydraulic parameters for these populations can then be determined from core data and hydraulic testing. The MPI iteratively assigns pixels to a small number of slowness populations based on the histogram of slowness residuals. By constraining the number of slowness values, this method is less susceptible to inversion artifacts, such as those related to slight variations in ray coverage, and can resolve finer scale sedimentary structures better than methods that smooth the slowness field. We demonstrate the MPI in two dimensions with a synthetic aquifer and in three dimensions with the Kesterson aquifer in the central valley of California. In both cases, the constrained inversion algorithm converges to an equal or smaller average traveltime residual than obtained with unconstrained-value tomography. The MPI accurately images the dominant lithologies of the synthetic aquifer and provides a geologically reasonable image of the Kesterson aquifer.
The role of gastrin in duodenal ulcer. (1981)

It is now evident that hypersecretion of gastric hydrochloric acid is an important pathogenetic element among a variety of heterogeneous factors responsible for the production of common duodenal ulcer. Hypersecretion of gastric acid due to usually strikingly increased circulating levels of gastrin released from gastrinoma tissue is characteristics of patients with to Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. In contrast, fasting serum gastrin levels are normal in patients with common duodenal ulcer. The polypeptide hormone, gastrin does, however, appear to play subtle and multiple roles in enhancement of gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer. Recent evidence suggests that abnormalities in gastrin release and action may be influenced by participation of somatostatin. The hypothesis is proposed for consideration and for further investigation that the multiple subtle abnormalities in gastrin release and parietal cell sensitivity to gastrin may be due to disturbances in the actions or concentrations of locally acting polypeptides, substances which are capable of suppressing gastrin release and its effects (somatostatin), or alternatively, are capable of stimulating release of gastrin into the circulation (bombesin).
Correction Method and Software for Image Distortion and Nonuniform Response in Charge-Coupled Device-Based X-ray Detectors Utilizing X-ray Image intensifier (2005)

An on-site method of correcting the image distortion and nonuniform response of a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based X-ray detector was developed using the response of the imaging plate as a reference. The CCD-based X-ray detector consists of a beryllium-windowed X-ray image intensifier (Be-XRII) and a CCD as the image sensor. An image distortion of 29% was improved to less than 1% after the correction. In the correction of nonuniform response due to image distortion, subpixel approximation was performed for the redistribution of pixel values. The optimal number of subpixels was also discussed. In an experiment with polystyrene (PS) latex, it was verified that the correction of both image distortion and nonuniform response worked properly. The correction for the “contrast reduction” problem was also demonstrated for an isotropic X-ray scattering pattern from the PS latex.
Seasonal Variations in Concentrations of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Drinking Water and Reclaimed Wastewater in Southern California (2005)

Southern California imports nearly all of its potable water from two sources: the Colorado River and the California State Water Project (Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin). Sewage treatment plant effluent (STPE) heavily impacts both of these sources. A survey of raw and treated drinking water from four water filtration plants in San Diego County showed the occurrence of several polar organic "pharmaceuticals and personal care products" (PPCP). These included phthalate esters, sunscreens, clofibrate, clofribric acid, ibuprofen, triclosan, and DEET. Several of these were also found in the finished water, such as di(ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzophenone, ibuprofen, and triclosan. Occurrence and concentrations of these compounds were highly seasonally dependent, and reached maximums when the flow of the San Joaquin River was low and the quantity of imported water was high. The maximum concentrations of the PPCPs measured in the raw water were correlated with low flow conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that feeds the State Water Project. The PPCP concentrations in raw imported water in the summer months approached that of reclaimed nonpotable wastewater.
The molecular basis for familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. (1996)

Familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) is a glucose metabolism disorder in neonates characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion in the presence of profound hypoglycemia. Loss of function mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) gene recently have been implicated as a cause for familial PHHI in nine independent families. This review will describe the combined positional cloning and candidate gene strategy used to identify the SUR gene as the one responsible for PHHI. Potential roles for SUR in other disorders of insulin secretion remains to be determined.
Indium-Mediated Catalytic Enantioselective Allylation of <i>N</i>-Benzoylhydrazones Using a Protonated Chiral Amine (2010)

A catalytic enantioselective indium-mediated allylation of N-benzoylhydrazones in conjunction with a protonated chiral amine affording enantioenriched homoallylic amines with an extremely high level of enantioselectivity and chemical yield was developed.
Effects of Surface Cracks and Coating on Fracture Behaviour of Microstructured Silica Optical Fibers (2007)

The fracture behavior of microstructured silica optical fibers containing surface cracks in tension was investigated using a simplified 3D analysis. Strengthening caused by the polymer coati ng was considered to be associated with the closure stresses uniformly applied to the crack surfaces, which were generally created by the thermal mismatch between the coating resin and the silica glass. The stress intensity factor of the surface cracks in tension was evaluated with considering the crack configurations and surface coating. The effects of crack configurations and closure stresses on the failure loads were also discussed.
Alternating ion plating—A method of high-rate ion vapor deposition (1975)

Under certain circumstances, alternating ion plating (AIP) results in the same effects as conventional ion plating (IP). These conditions are satisfied if vapor and ions alternately act on each point of the substrate at rates and action times that are mutually adapted within each period. Based on energy situations in the coating process, it is then shown that energetic activation of the condensate can be enhanced by an increase in ion energy only within a limited range. Proper selection of the ionization arrangement, however, allows alternation of the ratio of ion to vapor rates and thus to change energetic activation by some orders of magnitude. An experimental setup for AIP is given. After that, nickel films produced by vapor deposition, pressure plating, and alternating ion plating are investigated with respect to some applicative features; i.e., optical reflectivity, corrosion resistance to H2S vapor, and protective action as per the Hutschenreuter porosity test. With reference to the examined properties, AIP gives the best results. According to the Hutschenreuter test, protective action increases with growing ion rate. The variation of optical reflectivity of the deposits is the same with AIP and the conventional IP technique. Expanded industrial application of IP calls for high depostion and ion rates, low working pressure, and adequate facilities for large-area coating. One way to approach this goal is AIP with an ionization arrangement of the planar magnetron type. The possibilities of this technique are then outlined by way of the following parameter example: deposition rate 200 kÅ/min; energetic activation about 100 times higher than with vapor depostion; alternating frequencies up to some thousand cycles per minute.
High‐level expression of fully active human glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in <i>E. coli</i> and characterization of Cys<sup>7</sup> to Ser mutant protein (1996)

Glutaredoxin (Grx) (12 kDa) is a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also a general GSH-disulfide reductase of importance for redox regulation. To overexpress human glutaredoxin in Escherichia coli, a cDNA encoding human Grx was modified and cloned into the vector pET-3d and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) by IPTG induction. High-level expression of Grx was verified by GSH-disulfide oxidoreductase activity, SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis. The recombinant human Grx in its reduced form was purified to homogenity with 50% yield and exhibited the same dehydroascorbate reductase and hydrogen donor activity for ribonucleotide reductase (Km approximately 0.2 microM) as the human placenta protein. Human Grx contains a total of 5 half-cystine residues including a non-conserved Cys7 residue and is easily oxidized to form dimers during storage. A Grx mutant Cys7 to Ser was generated by site-directed mutagenesis and the protein was purified to homogeneity. The mutant protein showed full activity and exhibited a much reduced tendency to form dimers compared with the wild type protein. Peptide sequencing confirmed the mutation and removal of the N-terminal Met residue in both wild type and mutant proteins. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated only tyrosine fluorescence in human Grx with a peak at 310 nm which increased 20% upon reduction and decreased by addition of GSSG demonstrating that glutathione-containing disulfides are excellent substrates.
Benchmarking Robustness in Object Detection: Autonomous Driving when Winter is Coming (2019)

The ability to detect objects regardless of image distortions or weather conditions is crucial for real-world applications of deep learning like autonomous driving. We here provide an easy-to-use benchmark to assess how object detection models perform when image quality degrades. The three resulting benchmark datasets, termed Pascal-C, Coco-C and Cityscapes-C, contain a large variety of image corruptions. We show that a range of standard object detection models suffer a severe performance loss on corrupted images (down to 30--60\% of the original performance). However, a simple data augmentation trick---stylizing the training images---leads to a substantial increase in robustness across corruption type, severity and dataset. We envision our comprehensive benchmark to track future progress towards building robust object detection models. Benchmark, code and data are publicly available.
Single Cell Analysis of Leukocyte Protease Activity Using Integrated Continuous-Flow Microfluidics (2016)

Leukocytes are the essential cells of the immune system that protect the human body against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. Secretory products of individual leukocytes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAMs), are critical for regulating the inflammatory response and mediating host defense. Conventional single cell analytical methods, such as flow cytometry for cellular surface biomarker studies, are insufficient for performing functional assays of the protease activity of individual leukocytes. Here, an integrated continuous-flow microfluidic assay is developed to effectively detect secretory protease activity of individual viable leukocytes. Leukocytes in blood are first washed on-chip with defined buffer to remove background activity, followed by encapsulating individual leukocytes with protease sensors in water-in-oil droplets and incubating for 1 h to measure protease secretion. With this design, single leukocyte protease profiles under naive and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated conditions are reliably measured. It is found that PMA treatment not only elevates the average protease activity level but also reduces the cellular heterogeneity in protease secretion, which is important in understanding immune capability and the disease condition of individual patients.
Electrochemical investigation of corrosion of iron in oxygen saturated sulphuric acid solutions (1988)

Measurements of the spontaneous dissolution rate of a pure iron rotating disc in oxygen saturated 0·5–11M H2SO4 solutions have been made at 25°C. In contrast to similar studies performed in deaerated solutions, it has been shown that oxygen considerably reduces the catalytic effect of a sulphate ion reduction product on the rate of iron corrosion by slowing the rate of hydrogen depolarisation. The presence of oxygen even causes a decrease in iron corrosion rate in more concentrated solutions of the acid and leads to local minima on the corrosion rate versus stirring rate curves.
Interfacing spin qubits in quantum dots and donors—hot, dense, and coherent (2017)

Abstract Semiconductor spins are one of the few qubit realizations that remain a serious candidate for the implementation of large-scale quantum circuits. Excellent scalability is often argued for spin qubits defined by lithography and controlled via electrical signals, based on the success of conventional semiconductor integrated circuits. However, the wiring and interconnect requirements for quantum circuits are completely different from those for classical circuits, as individual direct current, pulsed and in some cases microwave control signals need to be routed from external sources to every qubit. This is further complicated by the requirement that these spin qubits currently operate at temperatures below 100 mK. Here, we review several strategies that are considered to address this crucial challenge in scaling quantum circuits based on electron spin qubits. Key assets of spin qubits include the potential to operate at 1 to 4 K, the high density of quantum dots or donors combined with possibilities to space them apart as needed, the extremely long-spin coherence times, and the rich options for integration with classical electronics based on the same technology.
Pancreatic stellate cells form a niche for cancer stem cells and promote their self-renewal and invasiveness (2012)

Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are characterized by extensive fibrosis. Importantly, in PDAC, this results in poor vascularization and impaired drug delivery to the cancer cells. Therefore, the combined targeting of pancreatic tumor stroma and chemotherapy should enhance response rates, but the negative outcome of a recent phase III clinical trial for the combination of chemotherapy and hedgehog pathway inhibition suggests that other means also need to be considered. Emerging data indicate that elimination of cancer stem cells as the root of the cancer is of pivotal importance for efficient treatment of pancreatic cancer. Recently, we demonstrated in a highly relevant preclinical mouse model for primary pancreatic cancers that the combination of cancer stem cell-targeting strategies in combination with a stroma-targeting agent, such as a hedgehog pathway inhibitor and chemotherapy, results in significantly enhanced long-term and progression-free survival. In the present study, we demonstrate mechanistically that Nodal-expressing pancreatic stellate cells are an important component of the tumor stroma for creating a paracrine niche for pancreatic cancer stem cells. Secretion of the embryonic morphogens Nodal/Activin by pancreatic stellate cells promoted in vitro sphere formation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer stem cells in an Alk4-dependent manner. These data imply that the pancreatic cancer stem cell phenotype is promoted by paracrine Nodal/Activin signaling at the tumor-stroma interface. Therefore, targeting the tumor microenvironment is not only able to improve drug delivery but, even more importantly, destroys the cancer stem cell niche and, therefore, should be an integral part of cancer stem cell-based treatment strategies.
Irradiation with external beam and interstitial radioactive implant as primary treatment for early carcinoma of the breast. (1981)

The locoregional control of 60 to 61 patients supports the results published by other centers and compares favorably with results of any surgical series. The cosmetic results are excellent with only three of 61 patients having severe fibrosis of the breast develop. No rib fractures, skin ulcerations, symptomatic radiation pneumonitis, edema of the arm or limitation of arm movement have been observed as complications. Ten of the 28 patients who have had axillary dissection had transient edema of the breast develop. Results of numerous studies suggest that primary radiotherapy without mastectomy is appropriate treatment for early carcinoma of the breast. The accessibility of the breast makes it relatively easy to deliver curative doses of radiation with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues. The cumulative radiotherapy experience has demonstrated the gratifying results of not only maintaining a rather normal breast but also avoiding the negative physical and psychologic repercussions of the mastectomy. Radiation therapy is an alternative to Halsted's radical mastectomy.