gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standard cell library development (2000)

The goal of this paper is to discuss the development of standard cell library creation by the Library Development Group, Microelectronics Lab, MIMOS. This involves creating new design rules, layout design, simulation and verification of each standard cell and finally characterization of all cells for timing and functional properties. The library implemented in this work is designed based on technology developed by MIMOS Wafer Fab processes.
α‐Imino Esters: Versatile Substrates for the Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Amino Acids and β‐Lactams (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concerted suppression of all starch branching enzyme genes in barley produces amylose-only starch granules (2012)

This is the first time that pure amylose has been generated with high yield in a living organism. This was achieved by a new method of simultaneous suppression of the entire complement of genes encoding starch branching enzymes. We demonstrate that amylopectin is not essential for starch granule crystallinity and integrity. However the slower initial growth of shoots from amylose-only grains may be due to an important physiological role played by amylopectin ordered crystallinity for rapid starch remobilization explaining the broad conservation in the plant kingdom of the amylopectin structure.
Emergency Cesarean Section in a Patient with Achondroplasia: An Anesthetic Diliemma (2007)

Conclusion: We discuss anesthetic issues and provide some general guidelines in dealing with achondroplastic patients. The role of regional anesthesia, especially spinal anesthesia and a dosage guideline is highlighted. Under favorable circumstances and if urgently needed, spinal anesthesia remains a viable option in these patients.
Evaluation of the breed/burn fast reactor concept (1979)

A core design concept and fuel management strategy, designated breed/burn, has been evaluated for heterogeneous fast breeder reactors. In this concept internal blanket assemblies after fissile material is bred in over several incore cycles, are shuffled into a moderated radial blanket and/or central island. The most promising materials combination identified used thorium in the internal blankets (due to the superior performance of epithermal Th-U233 systems) and zirconium hydride (ZrH/sub 16/) as the moderator (because of the compact assembly and core designs it permitted).
Dataflow simulation of mixed-signal communication circuits using a local multirate, multicarrier signal representation (2002)

The explosion of the telecommunications market requires miniaturization and cost-effective realization of the front-ends of transceivers for digital telecommunications. New architectures must therefore be simulated at a high level. Current methodologies and corresponding tools suffer from common drawbacks, such as low accuracy, slow simulation speed, etc. A new methodology has been developed for efficient simulation of mixed-signal front-ends of digital telecom transceivers at the architectural level. Efficient execution is obtained using a multirate, multicarrier signal representation together with a dataflow simulation scheme that switches dynamically to the most efficient signal processing technique available. An implementation of this methodology shows both excellent runtimes and a high accuracy for realistic front-end architectures.
Subsonic flight test evaluation of a propulsion system parameter estimation process for the F100 engine (1992)

Integrated engine-airframe optimal control technology may significantly improve aircraft performance. This technology requires a reliable and accurate parameter estimator to predict unmeasured variables. To develop this technology base, NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility (Edwards, CA), McDonnell Aircraft Company (St. Louis, MO), and Pratt & Whitney (West Palm Beach, FL) have developed and flight-tested an adaptive performance seeking control system which optimizes the quasi-steady-state performance of the F-15 propulsion system. This paper presents flight and ground test evaluations of the propulsion system parameter estimation process used by the performance seeking control system. The estimator consists of a compact propulsion system model and an extended Kalman filter. The extended Laman filter estimates five engine component deviation parameters from measured inputs. The compact model uses measurements and Kalman-filter estimates as inputs to predict unmeasured propulsion parameters such as net propulsive force and fan stall margin. The ability to track trends and estimate absolute values of propulsion system parameters was demonstrated. For example, thrust stand results show a good correlation, especially in trends, between the performance seeking control estimated and measured thrust.
[1,5-benzodiazepines. V. Synthesis of pyrazolo (3,4-b)(1,5)benzodiazepines and 5H-pyrimido(4,5-b)(1,5)benzodiazepines]. (1983)

The reaction of 4-(dialkylamino)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones (I a-c) with N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of phosphorus pentachloride at room temperature gave rise to the formation of 4-(dialkylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin- 2-ones (IX a-c) which were useful starting materials to achieve the synthesis of tricyclic 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives. Actually (IX a), selected for the smallest steric hindrance of the 4-dialkylamino substituent, by reaction with hydrazines afforded pyrazolo[3,4-b][1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives whereas reaction with guanidine or amidines gave 5H-pyrimido-[4,5-b][1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives. The structure of isomeric N-methyl-pyrazoles (X c) and (XI a) and of N-phenylpyrazole (X b) were elucidated by comparison with compounds prepared by unequivocal chemical methods. Pharmacological evaluation of some of the products showed only generic CNS depressant activity.
Identification and Quantification of Defects in Highly Si-Doped GaAs by Positron Annihilation and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1997)

Defects in highly Si-doped GaAs were identified and their concentration determined by combining positron lifetime spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy. We observed with increasing Si-doping concentration an increasing concentration of a deep positron trap identified as S${\mathrm{i}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$-donor--Ga-vacancy complex. The concentration of shallow positron traps increased with the Si concentration too. The shallow traps are found to be S${\mathrm{i}}_{\mathrm{As}}$ acceptors and Si clusters.
Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum function in insulin- or carnitine-treated diabetic rats (1983)

Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function and SR levels of long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines were determined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with insulin or D,L-carnitine. ATP-dependent calcium transport was significantly depressed in cardiac SR isolated from untreated diabetic rats compared with control rats. Diabetic rat cardiac SR levels of LC acylcarnitines were also significantly elevated. Various parameters of heart function (left ventricular developed pressure, +dP/dT, and -dP/dT), as determined on an isolated working heart apparatus, were found to be depressed in untreated diabetic rats. Cardiac SR isolated from diabetic rats treated throughout the study period with insulin or D,L-carnitine did not have elevated levels of LC acylcarnitines associated with SR membrane nor was SR calcium transport activity depressed. Heart function in the diabetic rats treated with insulin was similar to control rat hearts but heart function remained depressed in diabetic rats treated with D,L-carnitine. The data suggest that the LC acylcarnitines are involved in the observed impairment of cardiac SR function in diabetic rats. Other factors, however, must be contributing to the depression in heart function noted in these animals.
Improvement in damage tolerance of CFRP laminate using the hybridization method (2005)

Abstract Flexible epoxy resin was used as an interphase matrix to improve the transverse properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates. The use of flexible interphase is considered to act as the energy absorber and prevent the fiber/matrix interface cracking. The purposes of the present study are fabrication and characterization of CFRP laminates with flexible interphase. The effect of the flexible interphase on the damage tolerance of CFRP laminates was investigated. It was confirmed that transverse strength was improved and transverse crack progress was suppressed in the laminates with flexible interphase. Keywords: INTERPHASETRANSVERSE CRACKINGEPOXYCARBON FIBER
The Use of Low-Frequency Ultrasonics in Speech Processing (2010)

This book intends to provide highlights of the current research in signal processing area and to offer a snapshot of the recent advances in this field. This work is mainly destined to researchers in the signal processing related areas but it is also accessible to anyone with a scientific background desiring to have an up-to-date overview of this domain. The twenty-five chapters present methodological advances and recent applications of signal processing algorithms in various domains as telecommunications, array processing, biology, cryptography, image and speech processing. The methodologies illustrated in this book, such as sparse signal recovery, are hot topics in the signal processing community at this moment. The editor would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions in different areas of signal processing and hopes that this book will be of valuable help to the readers.
Informatics in Radiology: Sliding-Thin-Slab Averaging for Improved Depiction of Low-Contrast Lesions with Radiation Dose Savings at Thin-Section CT (2010)

Current multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners allow volumetric data acquisition with thin-section collimations and overlapping section reconstructions. The resultant nearly isotropic data sets help minimize partial-volume averaging effects and are ideal for two- and three-dimensional postprocessing and software-assisted lesion detection and quantification. However, the section thickness, image noise, and radiation dose are closely related, and when one parameter must be altered to suit the clinical setting, the others may be affected. When the clinical purpose demands both high spatial resolution and low image noise (eg, for the detection of hypoattenuating lesions in organs such as the kidneys and liver), the necessary trade-off--an increase in the radiation dose to the patient--may be unacceptable. The application of a sliding-thin-slab averaging algorithm during image postprocessing and review helps overcome this limitation by reconstructing thicker sections with lower noise levels from thin-section data obtained with dose-saving protocols. In principle, a high noise level is acceptable in the initial reconstruction of the CT volume data set. During image review at the workstation, the section thickness can be interactively increased to minimize image noise and improve lesion detectability. The combination of thin-section scanning with thick-section display allows routine volumetric imaging without a general increase in radiation dose or a reduction in the detectability of low-contrast lesions. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.302096007/-/DC1.
Contextual question answering for the health domain (2012)

Studies have shown that natural language interfaces such as question answering and conversational systems allow information to be accessed and understood more easily by users who are unfamiliar with the nuances of the delivery mechanisms (e.g., keyword‐based search engines) or have limited literacy in certain domains (e.g., unable to comprehend health‐related content due to terminology barrier). In particular, the increasing use of the web for health information prompts us to reexamine our existing delivery mechanisms. We present enquire M e, which is a contextual question answering system that provides lay users with the ability to obtain responses about a wide range of health topics by vaguely expressing at the start and gradually refining their information needs over the course of an interaction session using natural language. enquireMe allows the users to engage in “conversations” about their health concerns, a process that can be therapeutic in itself. The system uses community‐driven question–answer pairs from the web together with a decay model to deliver the top scoring answers as responses to the users' unrestricted inputs. We evaluated enquireMe using benchmark data from WebMD and TREC to assess the accuracy of system‐generated answers. Despite the absence of complex knowledge acquisition and deep language processing, enquireMe is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art question answering systems such as START as well as those interactive systems from TREC .
Properties of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities in the isolated rat heart. Effect of glucagon, ischaemia and diabetes (1990)

Myocardial triacylglycerol hydrolysis is subject to product inhibition. After hydrolysis of endogenous triacylglycerols, the main proportion of the liberated fatty acids is re-esterified to triacylglycerol, indicating the importance of fatty acid re-esterification in the regulation of myocardial triacylglycerol homoeostasis. Therefore, we characterized phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities, enzymes catalysing the final steps in the re-esterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerols in the isolated rat heart. The PAP activity was mainly recovered in the microsomal and soluble cell fractions, with an apparent Km of 0.14 mM for both the microsomal and the soluble enzyme. PAP was stimulated by Mg2+ and oleic acid. Oleic acid, like a high concentration of KCl, stimulated the translocation of PAP activity from the soluble to the particulate (microsomal) fraction. Myocardial DGAT had an apparent Km of 3.8 microM and was predominantly recovered in the particulate (microsomal) fraction. Both enzyme activities were significantly increased after acute streptozotocin-induced diabetes, PAP from 15.6 +/- 1.1 to 28.1 +/- 3.6 m-units/g wet wt. (P less than 0.01) and DGAT from 2.23 +/- 0.11 to 3.01 +/- 0.11 m-units/g wet wt. (P less than 0.01). In contrast with diabetes, low-flow ischaemia during 30 min did not affect PAP and DGAT activity in rat hearts. Perfusion with glucagon (0.1 microM) during 30 min did not affect total PAP activity, but changed the subcellular distribution. More PAP activity was recovered in the particulate fraction. DGAT activity was lowered by glucagon treatment from 0.37 +/- 0.03 to 0.23 +/- 0.02 m-unit/mg of microsomal protein (P less than 0.05). The role of PAP and DGAT activity and PAP distribution in the myocardial glucose/fatty acid cycle is discussed.
Encapsulation of Living Leishmania Promastigotes in Artificial Lipid Vacuoles (2015)

After phagocytosis by mammalian macrophages, promastigote forms of Leishmania parasites settle inside intracellular parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) in which they transform into amastigote forms and replicate. Here, using a variant of the 'inverted emulsion' method, we succeeded in encapsulating living L. amazonensis parasites in giant artificial liposomes that serve as model PVs. We were able to control the size of liposomes, the pH and the composition of their internal volume, and the number of internalized parasites per liposome. L. amazonensis promastigotes encapsulated in liposomes filled with RPMI-Dextran solution at pH 7.5 or 6.5 survived up to 96 h at 24°C. At 37°C and pH 5.5, parasites survived 48h. This method paves the way to identifying certain effectors secreted by the parasite and to unraveling specific mechanisms of fusion between the PV and intracellular vesicles of the host cell. This method will also facilitate the study of the temporal evolution of biophysical properties of the PV during its maturation.
Stereospecific Hydration of the Δ9 Double Bond of Oleic Acid (1970)

Abstract A soluble (105,000 x g supernatant) enzyme preparation from a pseudomonad has been obtained which catalyzes the interconversion of oleic acid and 10d-hydroxystearic acid. Evidence compatible with a mechanism involving a hydration of the double bond is presented. The crude enzyme preparation also catalyzes the formation of Δ10-trans-octadecenoic acid from either oleic acid or 10d-hydroxystearic acid. The enzyme also catalyzes the formation of 10-hydroxypalmitic acid from palmitoleic acid. The enzyme did not catalyze the formation of an olefinic acid from 9d-hydroxystearic acid.
The Prevalence, Severity, and Impact of Breast Pain in the General Population (2014)

Breast pain has been investigated in clinical populations; however we have yet to understand the prevalence and severity of this condition in the general population to determine whether more should be done to minimize the impact of this condition on women's quality of life. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence, severity, and impact of breast pain on quality of life and factors associated with breast pain in a normal population sample. 1,659 females (34.1 ± 13.2 years) completed the Breast Pain Questionnaire online, providing information on demographics, duration, frequency, and severity of breast pain, its association with the menstrual cycle, relieving, and aggravating factors and the impact on quality of life. Over half the sample (51.5%) experienced breast pain, with a severity similar to that reported in clinical populations. There was a higher prevalence of breast pain in older participants, larger breasted participants and those who were less fit and active. Of symptomatic participants, 41% and 35% reported breast pain affecting quality of life measures of sex and sleep and 10% of symptomatic participants had sufferer for over half their lives. The results of this study suggest that breast pain is a significant issue within the general population and yet this is the first study to investigate it. It is concluded that this condition warrants increased investigation, awareness, and treatment. The reported relationship between breast pain and fitness/activity levels may offer an alternative treatment in the form of exercise intervention strategies to reduce breast pain.
Cumplimiento y exégesis figurativa en P. Beauchamp (2006)

The concept of was studied by P. Beauchamp in order to elaborate a biblical theology of fulfillment. The use of the figurative discourse has been criticized for being fragmented, spiritualist and not interested enough in the specific value of the concrete historical events. However, a correct definition and emplacement of the figurative exegesis will allow us to understand its interest, its unity (provided by its inclusion within a bigger structure: the global story or total account) as well as its concreteness and the way in which it takes into account the individuality and drama that are present in the figure. This analysis will enable us to read both Testaments as a unity from the point of view of the fulfillment of every figure in the life, work and word of Jesus Christ.
Hypercementosis Associated with <i>ENPP1</i> Mutations and GACI (2017)

Mineralization of bones and teeth is tightly regulated by levels of extracellular inorganic phosphate (P<sub>i</sub>) and pyrophosphate (PP<sub>i</sub>). Three regulators that control pericellular concentrations of P<sub>i</sub> and PP<sub>i</sub> include tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), progressive ankylosis protein (ANK), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1). Inactivation of these factors results in mineralization disorders affecting teeth and their supporting structures. This study for the first time analyzed the effect of decreased PP<sub>i</sub> on dental development in individuals with generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) due to loss-of-function mutations in the ENPP1 gene. Four of the 5 subjects reported a history of infraocclusion, overretained primary teeth, ankylosis, and/or slow orthodontic tooth movement, suggesting altered mineral metabolism contributing to disrupted tooth movement and exfoliation. All subjects had radiographic evidence of unusually protruding cervical root morphology in primary and/or secondary dentitions. High-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses of extracted primary teeth from 3 GACI subjects revealed 4-fold increased cervical cementum thickness ( P = 0.00007) and a 23% increase in cementum density ( P = 0.009) compared to age-matched healthy control teeth. There were no differences in enamel and dentin densities between GACI and control teeth. Histology revealed dramatically expanded cervical cementum in GACI teeth, including cementocyte-like cells and unusual patterns of cementum resorption and repair. Micro-CT analysis of Enpp1 mutant mouse molars revealed 4-fold increased acellular cementum thickness ( P = 0.002) and 5-fold increased cementum volume ( P = 0.002), with no changes in enamel or dentin. Immunohistochemistry identified elevated ENPP1 expression in cementoblasts of human and mouse control teeth. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel dental phenotype in GACI and identify ENPP1 genetic mutations associated with hypercementosis. The sensitivity of cementum to reduced PP<sub>i</sub> levels in both human and mouse teeth establishes this as a well-conserved and fundamental biological process directing cementogenesis across species (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00369421).
Pathological changes in experimental saccular aneurysms in the carotid artery of the rat (1991)

Although the reason for development of saccular aneurysms in humans has still not been elucidated, the process might be observed and explained using a reproducible aneurysm model in vivo. In this paper, a sequential pathological study of the experimental saccular aneurysms was made. No additional influential factors were applied. At all stages of the development between the induction and 6 months, the histology of the aneurysm wall was similar to that of human aneurysms. The imbalance of the degeneration and regeneration processes during the development of these experimental aneurysms is discussed according to the pathological findings in different periods. Haemodynamic stress and different regenerative speeds in different arterial tissues must be responsible for the saccular aneurysm formation and growth.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Characterization for Electric Vehicle Applications (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents experimental data and an analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system for electric vehicle applications. The dependence of the fuel cell system's performance on air stoichiometry, operating temperature, and reactant gas pressure was assessed in terms of the fuel cell's polarity and power density-efficiency graphs. All the experiments were performed by loading the fuel cell with resistive heater coils which could be controlled to provide a constant current or constant power load. System parasitic power requirements and individual cell voltage distribution were also determined as a function of the electrical load. It was found that the fuel cell's performance improved with increases in temperature, pressure and stoichiometry within the range in which the fuel cell was operational. Cell voltage imbalances increased with increases in current output. The effect of such an imbalance is, however, not detrimental to the fuel cell system, as it is in the case of a battery.</div>