gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐Immolative Poly(4,5‐dichlorophthalaldehyde) and its Applications in Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Macroscopic Plastics (2015)

End-capped poly(4,5-dichlorophthalaldehyde) (PCl2PA), which is a new self-immolative CD(r) polymer with the unique capability of depolymerizing continuously and completely in the solid state when an end cap is cleaved from the polymer by reaction with a specific molecular signal, is described. End-capped poly(4,5-dichlorophthalaldehyde) is sufficiently stable to enable patterning of three-dimensional macroscopic polymeric materials by selective laser sintering. These unique materials are capable of 1) autonomously amplifying macroscopic changes in the material in response to specific molecular inputs, and 2) altering their responses depending on the identity of the applied signal. Thus, not only does end-capped PCl2PA provide new and unique capabilities compared to the small subset of existing CD(r) polymers, but it also provides access to a new class of stimuli-responsive materials.
THE CALIBRATION OF CELLS FOR CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS. III. ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE OF CERTAIN POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CALIBRATION OF CELLS FOR CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS. III. ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS ON THE SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE OF CERTAIN POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONSHenry C. Parker and Elizabeth W. ParkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 2, 312–335Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01667a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01667a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A design-for-testability expert system for silicon compilers (2002)

This paper describes a design-for-testability expert system for the selection of the most appropriate test method for every macro within an IC. The interface with the system designer is user-friendly and together with an efficient search mechanism this expert system can be used as a framework for all types of macros. This tool will be used in a self-test compiler, which generates the layout of self-testable macros automatically. The self-test compiler can be part of a silicon compilation system and thus contribute to the integration of testability into the design process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current findings for recurring mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (2011)

The development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a multistep process that requires at least two genetic abnormalities for the development of the disease. The identification of genetic mutations in AML has greatly advanced our understanding of leukemogenesis. Recently, the use of novel technologies, such as massively parallel DNA sequencing or high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, has allowed the identification of several novel recurrent gene mutations in AML. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings for the identification of these gene mutations (Dnmt, TET2, IDH1/2, NPM1, ASXL1, etc.), most of which are frequently found in cytogenetically normal AML. The cooperative interactions of these molecular aberrations and their interactions with class I/II mutations are presented. The prognostic and predictive significances of these aberrations are also reviewed.
Aircraft Inertial Navigation (1964)

THE simplest concept of inertial navigation is that of using an accelerometcr for measurement of vehicle acceleration, integrating once to give a measure of velocity and twice to give a measure of distance travelled (fig. 1). For this purpose, the direction of the input axis of the accelerometcr must be kept constant, or alternatively its direction at all times must be known and its changing direction must be taken into account in interpreting its output. In either case, provision of a stable attitude reference is necessary. Gyroscopes can provide this feature.
Phenotypic analysis of human myeloma cell lines (1989)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation, primarily in bone marrow, of a clone of plasma cells. The nature of the stem cells feeding the tumoral compartment is still unknown. To investigate this special point, we have studied the phenotypes of nine well-known human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and compared them with those of normal lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Twenty-four clusters of differentiation involved in B lymphopoiesis were investigated using a panel of 65 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). For each cluster, the percentage of positive cells and the antigen density were determined, giving rise to a “quantitative phenotype”. We thus classified the HMCLs into two different groups: those with cytoplasmic mu chains (c mu+) and those without (c mu-). In the first (c mu+) group, comprising seven cell lines, the HMCLs had a phenotype of pre-B/B cells close to that of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. They expressed low densities of surface mu chains, without detectable cytoplasmic or surface light chains. Three of them were infected with the Epstein Barr virus (EBV). These c mu+ HMCLs bore most of the B-cell antigens except CD23. They expressed the CALLA antigen (CD10) and lacked the plasma-cell antigen PCA1. In contrast, LCLs expressed surface light chains, high densities of CD23, low densities of PCA1 antigen, and no CD10 antigen. The c mu- HMCLs had a plasma-cell phenotype, lacking most of the B-cell antigens and expressing high densities of PCA1 antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alkaloids and flavone acyl glycosides from Acanthus arboreus (2004)

Phytochemical study of Acanthus arboreus resulted in the isolation of three novel alkaloids: 6-hydroxy-benzoxazolinone, 4-hydroxyacanthamine and acanthaminoside. In addition, a new acyl flavonoid apigenin-7-O-beta-D-(6"-trans-p -coumaroyl)-3"-O-acetyl glucopyranoside was also isolated. The known compounds were identified as apigenin, apigenin-7- O-beta-D-(6"-trans-p-coumaroyl) -glucoside, vanillic acid, lupeol, stigmasterol and sitosterol glucoside. The structures were determined by physical, chemical and spectral techniques.
Image Reconstruction in Optical Interferometry (2014)

This tutorial paper describes the problem of image reconstruction from interferometric data with a particular focus on the specific problems encountered at optical (visible/IR) wavelengths. The challenging issues in image reconstruction from interferometric data are introduced in the context of a general inverse problem approach. This framework is then used to describe state-of-the-art image reconstruction algorithms specifically developed for optical interferometry.
Unsupervised query segmentation using clickthrough for information retrieval (2011)

Query segmentation is an important task toward understanding queries accurately, which is essential for improving search results. Existing segmentation models either use labeled data to predict the segmentation boundaries, for which the training data is expensive to collect, or employ unsupervised strategy based on a large text corpus, which might be inaccurate because of the lack of relevant information. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model to exploit clickthrough data for query segmentation, where the model parameters are estimated via an efficient EM algorithm. We further study how to properly interpret the segmentation results and utilize them to improve retrieval accuracy. Specifically, we propose an integrated language model based on the standard bigram language model to exploit the probabilistic structure obtained through query segmentation. Experiment results on two datasets show that our segmentation model outperforms existing segmentation models. Furthermore, extensive experiments on a large retrieval dataset reveals that the results of query segmentation can be leveraged to improve retrieval relevance by using the proposed integrated language model.
Creating excitonic entanglement in quantum dots through the optical Stark effect (2004)

We show that two initially nonresonant quantum dots may be brought into resonance by the application of a single detuned laser. This allows for control of the interdot interactions and the generation of highly entangled excitonic states on the picosecond time scale. Along with arbitrary single-qubit manipulations, this system would be sufficient for the demonstration of a prototype excitonic quantum computer.
Internalization and Intracellular Fate of TCR-CD3 Complexes (2000)

The number of surface TCR-CD3 complexes is maintained by an equilibrium between the synthesis and secretion of new polypeptides, their internalization, recycling, and degradation. The different subunits of the TCR-CD3 complex do not display the same intracellular trafficking dynamics. Thus, in the absence of stimuli, TCR and zeta chains may be degraded at a higher rate than CD3 subunits, which are mostly recycled. T-cell activation by antigen, anti-TCR-CD3 antibodies, or pharmacological activators of protein kinase C, results in increased TCR-CD3 internalization, followed by the downmodulation of TCR-CD3 surface levels. Once internalized, TCR-CD3 complexes may either enter a recycling pathway or be sorted to lysosomes and degraded. Protein serine kinases and protein tyrosine kinases may influence the internalization and intracellular sorting of TCR-CD3 complexes. In line with these results TCR-CD3 ligands stimulate both TCR-CD3 internalization and degradation, whereas protein kinase C activators stimulate internalization only. Depending on the stimulus applied, internalization motifs from one or several TCR-CD3 subunits mediate endocytic routing of the complex. The involvement of signaling molecules in the intracellular fate of TCR-CD3, the nature and location of sequences for internalization and intracellular sorting, and the role of downregulation in T-cell activation are still the main open questions.
Low-cost low-power UHF RFID tag with on-chip antenna (2009)

This paper presents an EPC Class 1 Generation 2 compatible tag with on-chip antenna implemented in the SMIC 0.18 μm standard CMOS process. The UHF tag chip includes an RF/analog front-end, a digital baseband, and a 640-bit EEPROM memory. The on-chip antenna is optimized based on a novel parasitic-aware model. The rectifier is optimized to achieve a power conversion efficiency up to 40% by applying a self-bias feedback and threshold compensation techniques. A good match between the tag circuits and the on-chip antenna is realized by adjusting the rectifier input impedance. Measurements show that the presented tag can achieve a communication range of 1 cm with 1 W reader output power using a 1 × 1 cm2 single-turn loop reader antenna.
NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids (2006)

Introduction and Survey. THE FOUNDATIONS: STRUCTURE AND NMR OF BIOPOLYMERS. NMR of Amino Acid Residues and Mononucleotides. NMR Spectra of Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Solution. The NMR Assignment Problem in Biopolymers. Two-Dimensional NMR With Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE) in Biopolymers. RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS AND STRUCTURE DETERMINATION IN PROTEINS. NOE-Observable 1H-1H Distances in Proteins. Sequence-Specific Resonance Assignments in Proteins. Polypeptide Secondary Structures in Proteins by NMR. Three-Dimensional Protein Structures by NMR. RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS AND STRUCTURE DETERMINATION IN NUCLEIC ACIDS. NOE-Observable 1H-1H Distances in Nucleic Acids. Resonance Assignments in Nucleic Acids Using Scalar Couplings. Nucleic Acid Conformation, 1H-1H Overhauser Effects, and Sequence-Specific Resonance Assignments. WITH NMR TO BIOPOLYMER CONFORMATION AND BEYOND. Conformation of Noncrystalline Proteins and Nucleic Acids. NMR Studies of Intermolecular Interactions with Biopolymers. References. Index.
Malaria Parasite Detection in Peripheral Blood Images (2006)

This paper investigates the possibility of computerised diagnosis of malaria and describes a method to detect malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp) in images acquired from Giemsa-stained peripheral blood samples using conventional light microscopes. Prior to processing, the images are transformed to match a reference image colour characteristics. The parasite detector utilises a Bayesian pixel classifier to mark stained pixels. The class conditional probability density functions of the stained and the non-stained classes are estimated using the non-parametric histogram method. The stained pixels are further processed to extract features (histogram, Hu moments, relative shape measurements, colour auto-correlogram) for a parasite/non-parasite classifier. A distance weighted K-nearest neighbour classifier is trained with the extracted features and a detailed performance comparison is presented. Our method achieves 74% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 88% positive prediction, and 95% negative prediction values for the parasite detection.
Measurements of intensity correlations of scattered light from laser-cooled atoms (1996)

We report measurements of the intensity correlations of scattered light from atoms in optical molasses. For small numbers of atoms, the observations are consistent with recent models of the Rayleigh and Raman contributions to the frequency spectrum. Magnetic fields on the order of 100 mG significantly broaden the spectrum. Radiation trapping results in reduction of the size of the correlations as well as broadening of the spectrum. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Mechanisms of Inhibition by Heparin of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration (1993)

Heparin, an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, affects a number of other cell functions. These effects include inhibition of growth factor binding, deposition of matrix proteins and gene expression. Various mechanisms have been proposed and, yet, how heparin works as an inhibitor remains unclear. We have postulated that heparin inhibits smooth muscle cell growth and migration by suppressing the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes such as plasminogen activators and interstitial collagenase. The molecular mechanism of heparin's inhibitory action on these proteases is currently under investigation.
Rich: Region-based Intelligent Cluster-Head Selection and Node Deployment Strategy in Concentric-based WSNs (2013)

In a random deployment, sensor nodes are scattered randomly in the sensing field. Hence, the coverage can not be guaranteed. In contrast, the coverage of uniformly deployment is in general larger than the random deployment. However, uniformly deployment strategy may cause unbalanced traffic pattern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this situation, larger load may be imposed to CHs (cluster heads) around the sink. Therefore, CHs close to the sink use up their energy earlier than those farther away from the sink. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel node deployment strategy in the concentric model, namely, Region-based Intelligent Cluster-Head selection and node deployment strategy (called Rich). The coverage, energy consumption and data routing issues are well investigated and taken into consideration in the proposed Rich scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed Rich alleviates the unbalanced traffic pattern significantly, prolongs network lifetime and achieves satisfactory coverage ratio.
Linewidth reduction of a distributed-feedback diode laser using an all-fiber interferometer with short path imbalance (2011)

The linewidth of a distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser at 1156 nm, of which free-running linewidth was 3 MHz, was reduced to 15 kHz using an all-fiber interferometer with 5-m-long path imbalance. Optical power loss and bandwidth limitation were negligible with this short optical fiber patch cord. This result was achieved without acoustic and vibration isolations, and the frequency lock could be maintained over weeks. In addition to its simplicity, compactness, robustness, and cost-effectiveness, this technique can be applied at any wavelength owing to the availability of DFB diode lasers and fiber-optic components.
A Second-Order Gradient Noise Canceling Microphone Using a Single Diaphragm (1950)

A close talking, noise canceling microphone has been developed which responds to the second order of the pressure gradient and which has only one diaphragm. Since there are four sound pressures involved in a second-order gradient microphone it has been deemed necessary in the past to have four surfaces for the four pressures to act upon. This microphone has sound entrances to the two surfaces of a single diaphragm spaced and oriented in such a manner as to produce the second-order effect, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio over that obtained in a first-order gradient microphone. Mathematical analyses are made of the microphone first as a purely theoretical microphone with infinitesimal spacing of the sound entrances, then as a microphone with dimensions between sound entrances which are practical for use in a microphone of this type.
Digital image processing for speckle flow velocimetry (1982)

A new method is presented for the analysis, by digital acquisition and processing, of speckle fringes in fluid mechanics.
The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Metal Particles for Advanced Thin Layer Metal Particulate Media. (1996)

Metal particles, which are developing as advanced thin layer metal particulate media, have a coercive force of 167 to 191kA/m and a particle length of 60 to 80 nm. The particle form and its inner structure were examined with high resolution transmission electron microscopy and magnetic properties of these magnetic media. The particle length distribution which was defined as the standard deviation divided by the average length, was improved about 0.6 times of conventional metal particles.The coercive force decreased with increasing particle length as well as aspect ratio(length/width). The value of rotational hysteresis integral was close to 1.1 with increasing the content of metal particles consisted of a single metal crystallite.Larger content of single crystal metal particles or smaller number of metal crystallites in a metal particle seems to cause magnetization reversal similar to the coherent mode and large coercive force of 167kA/m or above. The enhanced characteristics of metal particle for extremely thin layer metal particulate media were achieved by the improvement of particle size and the particle size distribution of starting materials, and also the higher densification in the metal manufacturing processes.There is still great room for improvement in the properties of metal particles which may be contributed to the extremely high density magnetic recording.
Backstepping and control allocation with applications to flight control (2003)

In this thesis we study a number of nonlinear control problems motivated by their appearance in flight control. The results are presented in a general framework and can also be applied to other areas. The two main topics are backstepping and control allocation. Backstepping is a nonlinear control design method that provides an alternative to feedback linearization. Here, backstepping is used to derive robust linear control laws for two nonlinear systems, related to angle of attack control and flight path angle control, respectively. The resulting control laws require less modeling information than corresponding designs based on feedback linearization, and achieve global stability in cases where feedback linearization can only be performed locally. Further, a method for backstepping control of a rigid body is developed, based on a vector description of the dynamics. We also discuss how to augment an existing nonlinear controller to suppress constant input disturbances. Two methods, based on adaptive backstepping and nonlinear observer design, are proposed. Control allocation deals with actuator utilization for overactuated systems. In this thesis we pose the control allocation problem as a constrained least squares problem to account for actuator position and rate constraints. Efficient solvers based on active set methods are developed with similar complexity to existing, approximate, pseudoinverse methods. A method for dynamic control allocation is also proposed which enables a frequency dependent control distribution among the actuators to be designed. Further, the relationship between control allocation and linear quadratic control is investigated. It is shown that under certain circumstances, the two techniques give the same freedom in distributing the control effort among the actuators. An advantage of control allocation, however, is that since the actuator constraints are considered, the control capabilities of the actuator suite can be fully exploited.
A Caspase Active Site Probe Reveals High Fractional Inhibition Needed to Block DNA Fragmentation (2004)

Apoptotic markers consist of either caspase substrate cleavage products or phenotypic changes that manifest themselves as a consequence of caspase-mediated substrate cleavage. We have shown recently that pharmacological inhibitors of caspase activity prevent the appearance of two such apoptotic manifestations, alphaII-spectrin cleavage and DNA fragmentation, but that blockade of the latter required a significantly higher concentration of inhibitor. We investigated this phenomenon through the use of a novel radiolabeled caspase inhibitor, [(125)I]M808, which acts as a caspase active site probe. [(125)I]M808 bound to active caspases irreversibly and with high sensitivity in apoptotic cell extracts, in tissue extracts from several commonly used animal models of cellular injury, and in living cells. Moreover, [(125)I]M808 detected active caspases in septic mice when injected intravenously. Using this caspase probe, an active site occupancy assay was developed and used to measure the fractional inhibition required to block apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation. In thymocytes, occupancy of up to 40% of caspase active sites had no effect on DNA fragmentation, whereas inhibition of half of the DNA cleaving activity required between 65 and 75% of active site occupancy. These results suggest that a high and persistent fractional inhibition will be required for successful caspase inhibition-based therapies.
Artificial intelligence characterizes rotational spectroscopy (2018)

Artificial neural networks quickly and accurately identify and characterize rotational spectra.
Unpredictable decisions about treatment withdrawal affect care plans (2012)

High quality end of life care for children has been increasingly recognised in the UK (Department of Health 2008), correspondingly research in children and young people’s end of life care has also increased in priority over the past decade. Research about decision making and withdrawal during end of life care is limited, with some previous studies considering the percentage of deaths that are a result of withdrawing or withholding (Singh et al 2004) and others looking at pharmacological management and its potential impact on time frames (Burns et al 2000).