gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of device parameter variations on the frequency and performance of VLSI chips (2005)

The distance-correlated (continuous) within-die (WID) process variations of transistor parameters appears to be approximately scaling with process generations. Furthermore, shrinking clock cycles and the scaling of functional block dimensions in complex chips (e.g. CPUs), cause a shortening of interconnect distances. These effects mitigate correlated variations' impact on delay changes across a die. Temperature has a small effect, and supply distribution can be well-understood and designed. Furthermore, uncorrelated (random) variations (e.g. RDF, & LER) currently have a small impact on speed-setting paths, and even multiplying their effect (as processes shrink), would not make them very significant. Coupled with methods for estimating the shift in the maximum operating frequency (F/sub max/) of a die (due to variations), it is shown that variations will continue to have a small effect on product speeds through the mid-term future.
Electronic Structure Calculations and the Ising Hamiltonian (2017)

Obtaining exact solutions to the Schrödinger equation for atoms, molecules, and extended systems continues to be a "Holy Grail" problem which the fields of theoretical chemistry and physics have been striving to solve since inception. Recent breakthroughs have been made in the development of hardware-efficient quantum optimizers and coherent Ising machines capable of simulating hundreds of interacting spins with an Ising-type Hamiltonian. One of the most vital questions pertaining to these new devices is, "Can these machines be used to perform electronic structure calculations?" Within this work, we review the general procedure used by these devices and prove that there is an exact mapping between the electronic structure Hamiltonian and the Ising Hamiltonian. Additionally, we provide simulation results of the transformed Ising Hamiltonian for H<sub>2</sub> , He<sub>2</sub> , HeH<sup>+</sup>, and LiH molecules, which match the exact numerical calculations. This demonstrates that one can map the molecular Hamiltonian to an Ising-type Hamiltonian which could easily be implemented on currently available quantum hardware. This is an early step in developing generalized methods on such devices for chemical physics.
Three-dimensional guidance including shape sensing of a stentgraft system for endovascular aneurysm repair (2020)

The results showed that an accurate real-time guidance with two and three EM sensors is possible and that two EM sensors are already sufficient. Thus, the introduced 3D guidance method is promising to use it as navigation tool in EVAR procedures. Future work will focus on developing a method with less EM sensors and a detailed latency evaluation of the guidance method.
CHRONIC TYPE B HEPATITIS IN GAY MEN: (1980)

No abstract available for this article.
Crustal reflection of plane<i>P</i>and<i>SV</i>waves (1962)

Expressions in terms of layer matrices have been derived for the motion of the free surface when plane harmonic P or SV waves are incident at any given angle at the base of a horizontally layered crust. A computer program has been written to calculate normalized surface displacements as functions of horizontal phase velocity (or angle of incidence) and wave period. Numerical values have been obtained for the same single-layered model of the continental crust for which the corresponding calculations for SH waves have been presented previously. The surface motion pattern is similar to that of the SH case, but it is somewhat more complex owing to PS and SP conversions at the layer boundaries. Variations in amplitude and phase of the surface displacements are particularly large and erratic in the case of SV waves that are incident at angles such that α1 αn, the crustal transfer functions for incident SH and SV waves are sufficiently similar for conventional methods to be used in determining the angle of polarization with moderate accuracy.
Hybrid UPS for standby power systems (1990)

Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) form a major element in modern standby power systems. A wide range of UPSs with various designs are now available, and it is important to be aware of the relative merits of their electrical performance and how their operational characteristics reflect on the overall design and performance of standby systems. Optimising the standby system design is conditional on a complete ‘system’ approach being adopted. Various design aspects are discussed and a hybrid UPS scheme is proposed
Vampires and Witches and Commandos, Oy Vey: Comic Book Appropriations of Lilith (2014)

Recent scholarship has identified multiple levels of interplay between American Jews and sequential art stories (comics). Many comics are now widely understood to be artifacts of the evolving Jewish American experience; this interplay is understood to have grown out of the cultural history, sociology, and social-psychology of the Jews who created, produced, and consumed these comics. But relatively little research has been done on the appropriation and incorporation of Jewish Tradition (Heb. Mesorah ) in comics and how this incorporation mirrors the changing relationship of Jewish culture to American (predominantly Protestant) culture. Using textual and visual criticism, supplemented by the selective application of Jewish studies, mythological studies, sociology, and feminist theory, the authors offer insight into an aspect of that appropriation by tracking a single figure from Jewish folklore that comic writers and artists have drawn on, again and again: Lilith, first wife of Adam, hypersexual transgressor, demon mother, infanticide, and evil personified. Lilith’s trajectory and revision through pulp visual narratives over the past forty years sees her evolve from the traditional demon harridan into a feminist antihero, a mother seeking redemption from her daughter, and, eventually, an American superhero teammate. Her literary-visual transformations offer a pop culture perspective on Jewish Tradition’s evolution from a despised to an accepted element in American culture. Moreover, the continuous hybridization of Lilith’s story with Christian motifs, classical mythology, contemporary issues, and American history is a marker of a larger rapid and distinctively American assimilation of Jewish Tradition into the American intellectual and imaginative canon.
Interband-cascade infrared photodetectors with superlattice absorbers (2010)

Interband-cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs), composed of discrete superlattice absorbers, are demonstrated at temperatures up to 350 K with a cutoff wavelength near 5 μm at 80 K to beyond 7 μm above room temperature. The peak responsivity exceeds 200 mA/W, higher than the values reported from early interband cascade laser structures, suggesting a significantly enhanced quantum efficiency of the superlattice absorbers. A theoretical model, originally developed for quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), is applied to ICIPs to analyze their device performance. The Johnson-limited and background-limited detectivities are extracted and indicate that background-limited performance temperatures for two ICIP structures are 126 and 105 K at 5 μm. It is expected that optimized ICIPs will provide improved performance by combining the advantages of conventional photodiodes and the discrete nature of QWIPs and IC lasers.
Absorption and Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves of Finite Amplitude in Liquids (1955)

This paper reports the results of measurements of the attenuation and velocity of ultrasonic waves in various liquid media as a function of the intensity level at the detector of the radiation. The attenuation in distilled water and dilute solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate is found to increase almost linearly with the acoustic excess pressure amplitude in the range from 2 to 7 atmospheres, for frequencies of 4, 5, 7, and 9 megacycles/sec. The attenuation in glycerine shows a similar increase when correction is made for the unavoidable rise in temperature of the medium. The rate of increase is found to be practically independent of frequency in the range employed, thus disagreeing with the prediction of R. D. Fay's theory of the attenuation of high-amplitude plane waves. No change of velocity with source intensity has been observed.
Pseudomonas protease. Purification, partial characterization, and its effect on collagen, proteoglycan, and rabbit corneas. (1977)

The extracellular protease of a virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography in two steps. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed a single band, and the enzyme was shown to be the major component of the bacterial filtrate. The protease was fully inhibited by Na2 EDTA, 1,10-orthophenanthroline, L-cysteine and Zn+2 ions but was insensitive to dissopropylphosphofluoridate. The elastase substrates orcein-elastin and acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alamine-methyl ester were degraded by the enzyme. The protease activity toward soluble and insoluble collagen was found to be limited to the telopeptide region of the collagen molecule. With soluble collagen, conversion of the beta and gamma chains into monomeric alpha chains was observed. About 60% of the total proteoglycans and 1.5% of the total collagen were solubilized from rabbit corneas following incubation with the enzyme, and the solubilized products were nondialyzable. It was concluded that the purified protease has little or no collagenolytic activity and that dissolution of the cornea by Pseudomonas protease infection results essentially from the degradation of the protein backbone of the corneal proteoglycans.
Ethylene-forming Bacteria from Soil and Water (1976)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Cholinergic effects on constructional abilities and on mnemonic processes: a case report (1987)

The effects of physostigmine on test performance of a patient with multiple cognitive deficits were observed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scores on tests of learning and memory and tests of visuo-spatial and constructional ability were both improved by physostigmine, while lecithin improved scores only on the former tests.
Direct Preparation of High Surface Area Mesoporous SiC-Based Ceramic by Pyrolysis of a Self-Assembled Polycarbosilane-<i>block</i>-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymer (2008)

Direct pyrolysis of a self-assembled inorganic−organic block copolymer can be a promising route for fabricating the ordered ceramic nanostructures based on the achievements of organic−organic block copolymers. Here we report the synthesis of a novel polycarbosilane-block-polystyrene diblock copolymer by ring-opening living anionic polymerization in a THF and n-hexane solvent system at −48 °C. The resulting block copolymer revealed phase-separation behavior in the nanoscale to form a self-assembled nanostructure that was converted to a mesoporous ceramic phase after heating at 800 °C. The pyrolyzed ceramic product exhibited well-ordered mesoporous SiC-based ceramic structures with a high BET surface area of 1325 m2 g−1 and an average mesopore size of 7.8 nm containing a large amount of micropores.
Defining statistical sensitivity for timing optimization of logic circuits with large-scale process and environmental variations (2005)

The large-scale process and environmental variations for today's nanoscale ICs are requiring statistical approaches for timing analysis and optimization. Significant research has been recently focused on developing new statistical timing analysis algorithms, but often without consideration for how one should interpret the statistical timing results for optimization. In this paper (Li et al., 2005) we demonstrate why the traditional concepts of slack and critical path become ineffective under large-scale variations, and we propose a novel sensitivity-based metric to assess the "criticality" of each path and/or arc in the statistical timing graph. We define the statistical sensitivities for both paths and arcs, and theoretically prove that our path sensitivity is equivalent to the probability that a path is critical, and our arc sensitivity is equivalent to the probability that an arc sits on the critical path. An efficient algorithm with incremental analysis capability is described for fast sensitivity computation that has a linear runtime complexity in circuit size. The efficacy of the proposed sensitivity analysis is demonstrated on both standard benchmark circuits and large industry examples.
Simultaneous Determination of Basic Geometrical Characteristics of Porous Media (1969)

Abstract A statistical method for determining simultaneously some of the basic geometrical characteristics of porous media such as porosity, specific surface, porous media such as porosity, specific surface, mean pore with, mean grain thickness and absolute permeability is presented. The proposed method is permeability is presented. The proposed method is characterized by its simplicity and the minimum amount of laboratory equipment that it requires. The experimental procedure used to evaluate the various geometrical characteristics is based upon the surface analysis of a sample. in view of this fact the applicability of the method is limited to homogeneous and isotropic materials. Introduction The behavior of a fluid flowing through a porous medium depends, among other things, upon the internal geometry of the medium; hence the importance of developing efficient methods to determine the geometrical properties of porous materials. This paper describes a statistical method to determine simultaneously some of the basic geometrical properties of porous materials such as porosity, specific surface, mean pore width, mean grain thickness and absolute permeability. The mathematical formulation has been developed that the data required to calculate the various geometrical characteristics of a sample can be easily measured by analyzing a section of the sample with an evenly spaced grid.
Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) activation causes migraine-like pain behaviors in mice (2018)

Functional protease activated receptor 2 receptors are expressed on both dural afferents and fibroblasts and activation of dural protease activated receptor 2 produces migraine-like behavioral responses. Protease activated receptor 2 may link resident immune cells to meningeal nociceptor activation, driving migraine-like pain and implicating protease activated receptor 2 as a therapeutic target for migraine in humans.
Effective random testing of concurrent programs (2007)

Multithreaded concurrent programs often exhibit wrong behaviors due to unintended interferences among the concurrent threads. Such errors are often hard to find because they typically manifest under very specific thread schedules. Traditional testing, which pays no attention to thread schedules and non-deterministically exercises a few arbitrary schedules, often misses such bugs. Traditional model checking techniques, which try to systematically explore all thread schedules, give very high confidence in the correctness of the system, but, unfortunately, they suffer from the state explosion problem. Recently, dynamic partial order techniques have been proposed to alleviate the problem. However, such techniques fail for large programs because the state space remains large in spite of reduction. An inexpensive and a simple alternative approach is to perform random testing by choosing thread schedules at random. We show that such a naive approach often explores some states with very high probability compared to the others. We propose a random partial order sampling algorithm (or RAPOS) that partly removes this non-uniformity in sampling the state space. We empirically compare the proposed algorithm with the simple random testing algorithm and show that the former outperforms the latter
Modularization strategy for syngas generation in chemical looping methane reforming systems with CO<sub>2</sub> as feedstock (2017)

This study considers a CO 2 feedstock in conventional methane reforming processes and metal oxide lattice oxygen based chemical looping reforming. Lattice oxygen from iron‐titanium composite metal oxide provides the most efficient co‐utilization of CO 2 with CH 4 . A modularization chemical looping strategy is developed to further improve process efficiencies using a thermodynamic rationale. Modularization leverages the ability of two or more reactors operating in parallel to produce a higher quality syngas than a single reactor operating alone while offering a direct solution to scale up of multiple parallel reactor processes. Experiments conducted validate the thermodynamic simulation results. Simulation and experimental results ascertain that a cocurrent moving bed in a modularization system can operate under CO 2 neutral or negative conditions. The results for a modularization process system for 7950 m 3 per day (50,000 barrels per day) of liquid fuel indicate a ∼23% reduction of natural gas usage over baseline‐case. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 3343–3360, 2017
Influence of chemical structure of polyimide prepolymer on rheo‐mechanical properties of polyimide foam composites (2001)

Abstract A study is reported of the effect of varying chemical composition of foam polyimide prepolymers (H‐complex) on the structure and properties of foam polyimide resins and their composites with aromatic polyimide fiber felt. The melt rheological behavior of the H‐complex was found to be strongly dependent on its chemical composition and structure reorganization in the melt which is akin to mesophasic structural transition states in liquid crystal polymers. Changing the diamine part of the H‐complex from 4,4‐methylene dianiline to 1,3‐diaminobenzene led to decreased steady shear viscosity at temperatures and shear rates ranging between 95° and 105°C and 0.01 and 1 s −1 , respectively. Additionally, changing the dialkyl moiety from dimethyl to diethyl in 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dialkyl ester (precursor to the H‐complex) increased gelation time of the H‐complex, enhancing processibility of the foam polyimide composites. The results indicate that novel, lightweight foam polyimide composites with enhanced thermomechanical properties for beneficial uses can be prepared through chemical modification of the H‐complex prior to its thermal imidization in the presence of the aromatic polyimide fiber felt.
CALCIUM DEPENDENCE OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN ON RENIN SECRETION IN THE ISOLATED PERFUSED KIDNEY OF THE RAT (1974)

1 The effect of calcium on the inhibition of renin secretion by biologically active angiotensin was investigated in the isolated rat kidney perfused with Krebs-Ringer saline.2 In the presence of calcium (3.7 mM), asp(NH(2))'-angiotensin II suppressed both basal and isoprenaline-stimulated renin secretion. Renal perfusion pressure, which was increased by the infusion of angiotensin, returned to control levels when isoprenaline was added.3 When the calcium concentration was reduced to 0.32 mM, the vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin was abolished although the inhibitory effect on renin secretion was still evident.4 In the absence of calcium, angiotensin no longer suppressed basal renin secretion and a prompt increase in renin secretion occurred when isoprenaline was added.5 The higher basal renin levels which were observed in calcium-free perfusions, suggest the existence of an intrarenal calcium-dependent mechanism that regulates basal renin secretion.6 These observations indicate that the inhibitory effect of biologically active angiotensin, on basal and isoprenaline-stimulated renin secretion, is functionally related to the contractor response by its dependence on calcium. The recognition that the renin-producing cells are modified smooth muscle cells supports this association
Wideband active microwave isolators using GaAs MMIC Technology (1996)

The paper is concerned with circuit designs for wideband microwave isolators realised as monolithic microwave integrated circuits using depletion-mode GaAs MESFETs. An unbalanced version of a previously published balanced design is shown to have an interesting property of an approximately linear transmission function but the port impedances remain nonlinear. A previously published general circuit synthesis method is used to implement an isolator with transmission function and port impedances both of which are linearised. Measurements on a GaAs MMIC implementation are presented.
Synthetic Studies on b-Lactam Antibiotics. Part 5. A Synthesis of 7b-Acylamino-3-methyl-1-oxadethia-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acids (1977)

Chloroazetidinone 10, prepared from 6-APA, was etherified with propargyl alcohol and zinc chloride to a 2:l mixture of cisand --ethers 18.The separated &-ether 18 was converted into a keto ylide -21d, which was cyclized by intramolecular Wittig reaction to 3-methyl 1-oxacephalosporin -22.From this compound, four optically active 3-methyl oxacephalosporins e -g were prepared.Interestingly all of them except -25d, 1-oxacephalexin, exhibited antibacterial activity as four to eight times high as that of the corresponding cephalosporins.
Multiparty authenticative mechanisms for network-mediated document-object conferencing and collaborative processing (2002)

A cryptography-based authenticative framework to support document conferencing is required to address functional complications of unstructured documents, in particular: (1) multi-party authoring characterised by an evolving transactional document, and (2) multi-party authentication on the completed document. Authoring-phase authentication would be provided by: (1) document-object hash trees and (2) a Rabin signature (M.O. Rabin, 1979), respectively providing structural detail for modifications and optimal computationally-efficient verifiability. The authenticative phase would in turn be supported by the Takaragi-Miyazaki-Takahashi (1998) multi-signature protocol featuring a group-associated key pair, the private portion of which is divided into verifiable partial key shares using Feldman-Pedersen verifiable secret sharing (T.P. Pedersen, 1991). Verifiable partial signature affixation can therefore be executed on a completed transactional document-object, with the final result being a simple third-party verifiable discrete logarithm signature. The featured multi-protocol framework would be operationally robust due to its limited dependance on unconditionally trusted transactional entities, which is required for the one-off generation and distribution of multi-signature key parameters.