gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When to Use Web-based Surveys (2000)

Even in this randomized trial era, surveys of patients and professionals remain an important epidemiologic technique for capturing cross-sectional or longitudinal data, providing fundamental insights about health and disease.1 There are several alternative methods for collecting such data, which include conducting face-to-face or telephone interviews; circulating a questionnaire by mail, fax, or e-mail; and eliciting responses to a survey posted on an open Web site. Other methods that are currently less widely exploited include digital interactive television; use of a software package to capture survey data, either by mailed floppy disks or as a Java applet over the Web; and automatic telephone menu systems. The preceding article by Schleyer and Forrest2 explores some of the issues arising from a Web survey, but it may be useful first to consider the range of survey methods that are available.

Two major features define a survey method: how participants are identified and the data capture technique. Let us consider these features and their implications in turn.

How participants are identified determines how much control the investigators exert over their selection. For complete control, eligible participants are selected according to specific characteristics.3 We can check characteristics from an existing database or mailing list, including an e-mail discussion list, or carry out a preliminary mailing or interview to capture the necessary eligibility data. If, instead, we wish only a modest degree of control, we can distribute copies of the survey to a group known to us and ask them in turn to send it out to their contacts—the “snowball” technique (e.g., Forsstrom et al.4). With this method we have much less control over who receives a copy of the survey, and it makes sending reminders or follow-up surveys more difficult, too. We often do not even know how many copies of …
Dimensions of Central Venous Structures in Humans Measured in vivo using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Implications for Central-Vein Catheter Dimensions (2002)

The tip of a central vein catheter for hemodialysis should be located in the upper right atrium for the best performance. Hemodialysis catheters do have internal diameters unadjusted to the catheter length; however, the longer the catheter the slower the flow at the same pressure difference. On the other hand, the catheter diameter cannot be so large as to fill the vein too tightly as it predisposes to damage of the vein wall, thrombosis and stenosis. Therefore, the catheter length and diameter should be appropriate for the patient. For this purpose, the exact dimensions of the venous system in vivo should be known. In this study we correlated the anthropometric measurements and the dimensions of the large upper body veins in 31 adult volunteers. After deep inspiration, magnetic resonance imaging of the chest was performed in three planes; the positions of specific points in the three-dimensional coordinate system were measured, and the distance to adjacent points was calculated according to the analytic geometry formula. The total length from the catheter entry point to the right atrium was the sum of distances between the adjacent points. The lengths of the veins were correlated with the body anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body surface area, bi-acromion span, and height plus bi-acromion span). The best overall correlations of the lengths and diameters of the large upper body veins are with the body surface area. A table is included to guide the selection of the total catheter length and diameter in relation to the body surface area and insertion site.
Treatment Options for Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2010)

PDE5i and zinc are promising interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in CKD. Evidence supporting their routine use in CKD patients is limited. There is an unmet need for studying interventions for male and female sexual dysfunction in CKD considering the significant disease burden.
Extensible distributed operating system for reliable control systems (2002)

Since most control systems software is hardware-related, real-time-oriented and complex, adaptable OSs which help program productivity and maintainability improvement are in strong demand.We are developing an adaptable and extensible OS based on micro-kernel and multi-server scheme: each server runs in a protected mode interacting only via messages, and could be added/extended/deleted easily. Since this OS is highly modularized, inter-process messaging overhead is a concern. Our implementation proved good efficiency and maintainability.
Automated inspection of PCB components using a genetic algorithm template-matching approach (2006)

Automated inspection of surface mount PCB boards is a requirement to assure quality and to reduce manufacturing scrap costs and rework. This paper investigates methodologies for locating and identifying multiple objects in images used for surface mount device inspection. One of the main challenges for surface mount device inspection is component placement inspection. Component placement errors such as missing, misaligned or incorrectly rotated components are a major cause of defects and need to be detected before and after the solder reflow process. This paper focuses on automated object-recognition techniques for locating multiple objects using grey-model fitting for producing a generalised template for a set of components. The work uses the normalised cross correlation (NCC) template-matching approach and examines a method for constraining the search space to reduce computational calculations. The search for template positions has been performed exhaustively and by using a genetic algorithm. Experimental results using a typical PCB image are reported.
Controlling the Chiral Inversion Reaction of the Metallopeptide Ni-Asparagine-Cysteine-Cysteine with Dioxygen (2012)

Synthetically generated metallopeptides have the potential to serve a variety of roles in biotechnology applications, but the use of such systems is often hampered by the inability to control secondary reactions. We have previously reported that the Ni(II) complex of the tripeptide LLL-asparagine-cysteine-cysteine, LLL-Ni(II)-NCC, undergoes metal-facilitated chiral inversion to dld-Ni(II)-NCC, which increases the observed superoxide scavenging activity. However, the mechanism for this process remained unexplored. Electronic absorption and circular dichroism studies of the chiral inversion reaction of Ni(II)-NCC reveal a unique dependence on dioxygen. Specifically, in the absence of dioxygen, the chiral inversion is not observed, even at elevated pH, whereas the addition of O(2) initiates this reactivity and concomitantly generates superoxide. Scavenging experiments using acetaldehyde are indicative of the formation of carbanion intermediates, demonstrating that inversion takes place by deprotonation of the alpha carbons of Asn1 and Cys3. Together, these data are consistent with the chiral inversion being dependent on the formation of a Ni(III)-NCC intermediate from Ni(II)-NCC and O(2). The data further suggest that the anionic thiolate and amide ligands in Ni(II)-NCC inhibit Cα-H deprotonation for the Ni(II) oxidation state, leading to a stable complex in the absence of O(2). Together, these results offer insights into the factors controlling reactivity in synthetic metallopeptides.
Modified derivative superposition method for linearizing FET low-noise amplifiers (2005)

Intermodulation distortion in field-effect transistors (FETs) at RF frequencies is analyzed using the Volterra-series analysis. The degrading effect of the circuit reactances on the maximum IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> in the conventional derivative-superposition (DS) method is explained. The noise performance of this method is also analyzed and the effect of the subthreshold biasing of one of the FETs on the noise figure (NF) is shown. A modified DS method is proposed to increase the maximum IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> at RF. It was used in a 0.25-mum Si CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) designed for cellular code-division multiple-access receivers. The LNA achieved +22-dBm IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> with 15.5-dB gain, 1.65-dB NF, and 9.3 mA@2.6-V power consumption
Recognizing and supporting roles in CSCW (2000)

In this paper, we describe our experience with the long-term, widespread use of CoWeb, an asynchronous collaborative tool that is mostly used to complement existing face-to-face groups (such as classes). The CoWeb is an openended tool that does not enforce or explicitly support specific roles or usage, yet several well-defined uses and roles have emerged over time. In our design methodology, we recognize these roles and refine our collaboration environment to better support them.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanoballs by swirled floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition method (2007)

The ferrocene catalysed decomposition of acetylene by swirled floating chemical vapour deposition method was studied in this work. Analyses of the products formed confirm the presence of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoballs. These materials were synthesized at different production conditions; high flow rates of carbon source and carrier gases as well as low decomposition temperature were found to be responsible for the formation of CNBs. TEM images also show that both CNTs and CNBs contain low contents of iron impurities and amorphous carbons.
Optical and terahertz power limits in the low-temperature-grown GaAs photomixers (1997)

Optical heterodyne conversion, or photomixing, occurs in an epitaxial low-temperature-grown GaAs layer with voltage-biased metal electrodes on which two laser beams are focused with their frequencies offset by a desired difference frequency. Difference-frequency power couples out of the photomixer through a log-spiral antenna at THz frequencies. Pumping such a device with the maximum optical power of ∼90 mW at 77 K led to a measured output power of 0.2 μW at 2.5 THz, approximately twice the maximum output power of a photomixer operated near 300 K. Photomixers that were operated above the maximum optical power were destroyed, often because of a thermally induced fracture in the GaAs substrate. The fracture seemed to occur at high pump power when the temperature of the photomixer active area was elevated by roughly 110 K, independent of the bath temperature.
Weight reduction after gastric bypass and horizontal gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Results after 10 years. (1994)

None of the three operations provided adequate or prolonged control of morbid obesity, and the morbidity was high. Too large a proximal pouch, or disruption of the line of staples, may have been responsible.
Reflections on Article 1105 of NAFTA: History, State Practice and the Influence of Commentators (2002)

Journal Article Reflections on Article 1105 of NAFTA: History, State Practice and the Influence of Commentators Get access J.C. Thomas J.C. Thomas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal, Volume 17, Issue 1, Spring 2002, Pages 21–101, https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/17.1.21 Published: 01 March 2002
Effects of chemical composition on the electrical properties of NO-nitrided SiO2 (1995)

The impact of nitrogen (N) concentration and distribution on the electrical and reliability properties of rapid-thermally NO-annealed oxides is studied. The use of NO-annealing of thermally grown SiO2 provides an excellent way to isolate the effects of N, since this method allows for the incorporation of varying N profiles in the oxide without a simultaneous increase in dielectric thickness. Results show that the electrical properties of the dielectric under gate and substrate Fowler–Nordheim injection are highly sensitive to the N profile in the dielectric. While interface endurance (ΔDit) is seen to improve monotonically with increasing N concentrations for both +Vg and −Vg, the same is not observed for charge-to-breakdown (QBD) properties. It is found that although QBD improves with NO nitridation under +Vg, it shows a turnaround behavior under −Vg, i.e., for a 10-s NO-annealed oxide the QBD value is improved over control oxide while further nitridation is seen to degrade QBD under −Vg. The presence of bulk N and the nonuniform N distribution in the dielectric is responsible for this behavior.
LV systolic performance improves with development of hypertrophy after transverse aortic constriction in mice (2001)

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is an effective technique for inducing left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in mice. With the use of transthoracic echocardiography and Doppler measurements, we studied the effects of an acute increase in pressure overload on LV contractile performance and peak systolic wall stress index (WSI) at early time points after TAC and the time course of the development of LV hypertrophy in mice. The LV mass index was similar between TAC and sham-operated mice at postoperative day 1 but progressively increased in TAC mice by day 10. There was no further increase in the LV mass index between postoperative days 10 and 20. On day 1, whereas peak systolic WSI increased significantly, the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and percent fractional shortening (%FS) decreased in TAC mice compared with sham-operated mice. By day 10, peak systolic WSI, LVEF, and %FS had recovered to baseline levels and were not significantly different between postoperative days 10 and 20. Thus LV systolic performance in mice declines immediately after TAC, associated with increased peak systolic WSI, but recovers to baseline levels with the development of compensatory LV hypertrophy over 10-20 days.
Glycosidically Bound Flavor Compounds of Cape Gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) (2001)

The bound volatile fraction of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit harvested in Colombia has been examined by HRGC and HRGC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis using a nonselective pectinase (Rohapect D5L). Forty bound volatiles could be identified, with 21 of them being reported for the first time in cape gooseberry. After preparative isolation of the glycosidic precursors on XAD-2 resin, purification by multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography and HPLC of the peracetylated glycosides were carried out. Structure elucidation by NMR, ESI-MS/MS, and optical rotation enabled the identification of (1S,2S)-1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and p-menth-4(8)-ene-1,2-diol 1-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2). Both glycosides have been identified for the first time in nature. They could be considered as immediate precursors of 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol and p-menth-4(8)-ene-1,2-diol, typical volatiles found in the fruit of cape gooseberry.
A bit-level pipelined implementation of a CMOS multiplier-accumulator using a new pipelined full-adder cell design (2003)

A bit-level pipelined 12*12-bit two's-complement multiplier with a 27-bit accumulator has been designed for applications in high-speed digital communication systems. A new quasi n-p domino logic structure has been investigated and adopted in this multiplier-accumulator design. When used in fully-pipelined circuits, this logic structure results in a much shorter propagation delay in comparison with conventional CMOS logic, pseudo-NMOS logic, and even standard n-p domino (NORA) logic. The chip complexity is approximately 10000 transistors, and the die area is 9.3 mm/sup 2/ in a 1.25- mu p-well CMOS technology. Based on SPICE simulations using conservative device parameters, the clock speed is projected to be over 150 MHz (i.e. >150 million multiply-accumulate operations per second), and the estimated power-speed ratio is 16 mW/MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production and characterization of transformed B-lymphocytes expressing the membrane defect of Scott syndrome. (1994)

Scott syndrome is a bleeding disorder associated with an isolated defect in expression of membrane coagulant activity by stimulated platelets. This defect represents a decrease in platelet membrane binding sites for coagulation factors Va and VIIIa, reflecting diminished surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). To gain insight into the cellular and genetic basis for this disorder, B-lymphocytes from a patient with Scott syndrome and from normal donors were immortalized by EBV-transformation, and tested for their capacity to expose plasma membrane PS in response to the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. Upon incubation with A23187, EBV-lymphoblasts derived from normal donors consistently induced surface expression of PS in > 70% of all cells, as detected by membrane association of the PS-binding proteins, factor Va or annexin V. PS exposure in these cells was maximal after 5 min, and saturated at < 100 microM external free [Ca2+]. By contrast, < 30% of Scott syndrome lymphoblasts exposed PS, and saturation was not observed at > 1 mM external free [Ca2+]. Single-cell clones derived from the Scott lymphoblasts all exhibited a diminished response to A23187 comparable with that of the parental cells, suggesting that all lymphocytes from this patient share this membrane abnormality. Hybridomas prepared by fusion of Scott lymphoblasts with the myeloma cell line UC-LUC showed responses to Ca2+ ionophore comparable to those observed for normal lymphoblasts and for hybridomas prepared by fusion of normal lymphoblasts with UC-LUC. This correction of the Scott abnormality suggests possible complementation of an aberrant gene(s) responsible for this disorder.
Dimeric subunit stoichiometry of the human voltage-dependent proton channel Hv1 (2008)

In voltage-gated Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) channels, four voltage-sensor domains operate on a central pore domain in response to membrane voltage. In contrast, the voltage-gated proton channel (Hv) contains only a voltage-sensor domain, lacking a separate pore domain. The subunit stoichiometry and organization of Hv has been unknown. Here, we show that human Hv1 forms a dimer in the membrane and define regions that are close to the dimer interface by using cysteine cross-linking. Two dimeric interfaces appear to exist in Hv1, one mediated by S1 and the adjacent extracellular loop, and the other mediated by a putative intracellular coiled-coil domain. It may be significant that Hv1 uses for its dimer interface a surface that corresponds to the interface between the voltage sensor and pore in Kv channels.
Advances in the Rational Design of Rhodium Nanoparticle Catalysts: Control via Manipulation of the Nanoparticle Core and Stabilizer (2012)

This review describes some of the fascinating advances in the field of rhodium nanoparticle (NP) catalysis that have emerged in recent years. The examples described are categorized according to the research approach applied, involving either direct engineering of the NP core (size/shape control) or manipulating the NP via a stabilizer and/or solvent. Consequently, both surface-immobilized heterogeneous Rh NP and solvent dispersed Rh NP catalysts are included. The interplay between relevant parameters and the catalytic properties of Rh NPs are discussed, with a focus on design, function, and mechanisms. Rh NP-based multifunctional systems are also described. The approaches used to probe Rh NP catalysts at a molecular level and possible future research trends are highlighted.
The Real Gap between Bench and Bedside (2015)

The demand is often expressed today, sometimes with breathless urgency, that the fruits of research be more quickly to the treatment and prevention of disease. The implication is that basic scientists have turned up quantities of information not available to promote the health of mankind for want of more applied research, and more speedy and simplified exchange of biomedical information. Although both need continuing emphasis, neither alone nor in combination can they assure rapid progression of knowledge from bench to bedside. I would propose instead that the delay is due mainly to our inability to understand and to integrate . . .
A NEW X-RAY LINE PROFILE APPROXIMATION USED FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE GLOBAL NANOSTRUCTURE OF NICKEL CLUSTERS♣ (2003)

The analysis of the diffraction line broadening in X-ray powder pattern is analytically calculated using the Generalized Fermi Function facilities. X-ray line broadening investigations of supported catalysts have been limited to finding the average crystallite size from the integral width or the full width at half maximum of the diffraction line. In the case of supported metal catalysts, it is generally difficult to perform satisfactory intensity measurements of the higher order (hkl) reflections. Consequently, the classical method of Warren and Averbach cannot be applied. In our cases, only one line is present in the experimental spectra, so we used an approximation method of Charlson that can be applied for small crystallite size. We present a new fitting method based on the Generalized Fermi Function for the approximation and Fourier transform of the experimental X-Ray line profiles.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRESENT DISTRIBUTION OF INFLUENSA A/SWINE ANTIBODIES AMONG ALASKAN NATIVES RELATIVE TO THE OCCURRENCE OF INFLUENZA IN 1918–19191 (1962)

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRESENT DISTRIBUTION OF INFLUENSA A/SWINE ANTIBODIES AMONG ALASKAN NATIVES RELATIVE TO THE OCCURRENCE OF INFLUENZA IN 1918–1919 Get access R. N. PHILIP, R. N. PHILIP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. B. LACKMAN D. B. LACKMAN 2Present address: Rocky Mountain LaboratoryHamilton, Montana. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 75, Issue 3, May 1962, Pages 322–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120253 Published: 01 May 1962 Article history Received: 29 January 1962 Published: 01 May 1962
Parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation with automatic repeat request for ADSL applications (2002)

The paper presents a parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation (PCTCM) scheme for ADSL applications. Automatic repeat request (ARQ) is used to remove the inherent error floor of PCTCM. This makes the system robust against impulse noise even if the delay is significantly lowered with respect to the current ADSL FEC scheme. A reduced-search algorithm is exploited to lower the computational complexity. This hybrid PCTCM-ARQ unites high coding gain with low delay, robustness against impulse noise and a complexity comparable to that of ADSL.
Prevalence of Apolipoprotein E Alleles in Healthy Subjects and Survivors of Ischemic Stroke (1998)

Our data show an association between apoE gene and a personal history of ischemic stroke and support the possibility that the apoE gene is a susceptibility locus for the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic disease.
A General Switching Plan for Telephone Toll Service (1930)

This paper outlines a comprehensive plan for improved switching of long haul toll telephone traffic in the United States and Eastern Canada. A brief discussion is given of the methods of designing the toll plant to give adequate transmission efficiency for all connections established in accordance with this plan. This includes a new method of providing amplification at intermediate switching points replacing the cord circuit repeater method.