gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA and RNA as New Binding Targets of Green Tea Catechins (2006)

The significance of catechins, the main constituent of green tea, is being increasingly recognized with regard to cancer prevention. Catechins have been studied for interactions with various proteins, but the mechanisms of the various catechins are not yet elucidated. Based on our previous observation that nucleic acids extracted from catechin-treated cells are colored, we studied whether catechins directly interact with nucleic acids using surface plasmon resonance assay (Biacore) and cold spray ionization-mass spectrometry. These two methods clearly showed that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) binds to both DNA and RNA molecules: the Biacore assay indicated that four catechins bound to DNA oligomers, and cold spray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis showed one to three EGCG molecules bound to single strand 18 mers of DNA and RNA. Moreover, one or two molecules of EGCG bound to double-stranded (AG-CT) oligomers of various nucleotide lengths. These results suggest that multiple binding sites of EGCG are present in DNA and RNA oligomers. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligomers were detected only as EGCG-bound forms at high temperature, whereas at low temperature both the free and bound forms were detected, suggesting that EGCG protects dsDNA oligomers from dsDNA melting to single-stranded DNA. Because both galloyl and catechol groups of EGCG are essential for DNA binding, both groups seem to hold strands of DNA via their branching structure. These findings reveal for the first time the link between catechins and polynucleotides and will intensify our understanding of the effects of catechins on DNA in terms of cancer prevention.
TAXI at SemEval-2016 Task 13: a Taxonomy Induction Method based on Lexico-Syntactic Patterns, Substrings and Focused Crawling (2016)

Alexander Panchenko, Stefano Faralli, Eugen Ruppert, Steffen Remus, Hubert Naets, Cédrick Fairon, Simone Paolo Ponzetto, Chris Biemann. Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016). 2016.
Principles of Simultaneous-Color Projection Television Using Fluid Deformation (1970)

The development of a television projection system using a charge pattern laid down on a deformable oil film by a scanning electron beam has led to a new electron-optical system, and a new light-optical system which permits simultaneous color TV projection compatible with NTSC standards. A demountable projector using coaxial light and electron optics permits electrostatic focus and deflection of the electron spot through 2,000 spot diameters without the requirement of dynamic corrections. Further improvements in the deformable fluid have resulted in a system suitable for use in education, commercial and military TV applications.
Aromatase Inhibitors and Their Application to the Treatment of Breast Cancer (2002)

I. INTRODUCTION Estrogens are known to be important in the growth of breast cancers in both pre-and postmenopausal women. However, estrogen receptor concentrations increase with the age of the patient. This results in a higher proportion of postmenopausal patients (approximately two-thirds) having hormone-sensitive cancers (McGuire, 1980). The incidence of breast cancer also increases with age. Thus, as the aging population is expanding, preventing and treating breast cancer become more important health concerns. Ovariectomy was the ﬁrst treatment for breast cancer, but its efﬁcacy is limited to premenopausal patients. After menopause, the ovary is no longer the major source of estrogens. However, estrogen production is increased in peripheral sites, such as adipose tissue (Hemsell et al., 1974), and contributes to the stimulation of breast cancers. Therefore, systemic treatment is required for postmenopausal patients. Two strategies that can be used to ameliorate the growth effects of estrogens on primary tumors and metastases are inhibition of estrogen action by compounds interacting with estrogen receptors (antiestrogens) and the inhibition of estrogen synthesis (aromatase inhibitors).
Blue-on-Yellow Perimetry Can Predict the Development of Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss (1993)

Blue-on-yellow perimetry deficits are an early indicator of glaucomatous damage and are predictive of impending glaucomatous visual field loss for standard W/W automated perimetry. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective, long-term longitudinal study that demonstrates the ability to predict the onset of glaucomatous visual field loss in patients with ocular hypertension on the basis of psychophysical testing.
Wet-Spinning of Amyloid Protein Nanofibers into Multifunctional High-Performance Biofibers (2011)

Amyloid nanofibers derived from hen egg white lysozyme were processed into macroscopic fibers in a wet-spinning process based on interfacial polyion complexation using a polyanionic polysaccharide as cross-linker. As a result of their amyloid nanostructure, the hierarchically self-assembled protein fibers have a stiffness of up to 14 GPa and a tensile strength of up to 326 MPa. Fine-tuning of the polyelectrolytic interactions via pH allows to trigger the release of small molecules, as demonstrated with riboflavin-5'-phophate. The amyloid fibrils, highly oriented within the gellan gum matrix, were mineralized with calcium phosphate, mimicking the fibrolamellar structure of bone. The formed mineral crystals are highly oriented along the nanofibers, thus resulting in a 9-fold increase in fiber stiffness.
Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish inner core, outer core, and lipid A regions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (1994)

In order to examine the immunochemistry of the core-lipid A region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for this region were produced in mice. Immunogen was prepared by coating a rough mutant of P. aeruginosa with column-purified core oligosaccharide fractions in order to enhance the immune response to the LPS core-lipid A region. Fourteen hybridoma clones were isolated, characterized, and further divided into three groups on the basis of their reactivities to rough LPS antigens in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western immunoblots. In addition, another MAb, 18-19, designated group 1, was included in this study for defining core-lipid A epitopes. MAb 18-19 recognizes the LPS core-plus-one O-repeat unit of the serologically cross-reactive P. aeruginosa O2, O5, and O16. Group 2 MAbs are specific for the LPS outer core region and reacted with P. aeruginosa O2, O5, O7, O8, O10, O16, O18, O19, and O20, suggesting that these serotypes share a common outer core type. Group 3 MAbs recognize the inner core region and reacted with all 20 P. aeruginosa serotypes as well as with other Pseudomonas species, revealing the conserved nature of this region. Group 4 MAbs are specific for lipid A and reacted with all gram-negative organisms tested. Immunoassays using these MAbs and well-defined rough mutants, in addition to the recently determined P. aeruginosa core structures, have allowed us to precisely define immunodominant epitopes within the LPS core region.
Evaluation of the donor ability of coal liquefaction solvents (1981)

A test was devised to evaluate the donor ability of coal liquefaction solvents. This test embodies the main features of the free radical mechanism of coal liquefaction. Benzyl radicals generated by the thermolysis of a convenient precursor at relatively low temperatures behave like the free radicals generated by the thermolysis of coal at liquefaction temperatures. As precursors for this test, dibenzyldiazene and dibenzylmercury were selected. When benzyl radicals are generated in a donor solvent, the relative amounts of toluene and bibenzyl produced reflect the relative ability of the solvent to donate hydrogen and to prevent recombination. A variable amount of benzyl radical is also lost, which presumably represents that amount which adds to or combines with the solvent. Experimental evidences have shown that an additional mode of action of donor solvent is that of free radical scavenger by combination and addition reactions. Accordingly, three indices were devised to compare donor solvents: the donor, the scavenger, and combined index. The three solvent indices were determined for the decomposition of dibenzylmercury for several solvent mixtures made from different amounts of tetralin (solvent) in t-butyl benzene. The data show that the donor index increases with increasing tetralin concentration. A series of model compoundsmore » were evaluated using dibenzyldiazene as the source of benzyl radical, and results are tabulated. Another table is presented which show the donor indices obtained for several coal-derived liquefaction solvents. Taken together, these data indicate that there is good qualitative agreement between liquefaction performance and the donor index of solvents.« less
Suppression of Allergic Reactions by Dehulled Adlay in Association with the Balance of Th1/Th2 Cell Responses (2003)

Dehulled adlay is known as a natural Chinese medicine having antiallergic activity, although its mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the effects of dehulled adlay on antigen-specific antibody and cytokine production. Mice were immunized three times with ovalbumin (OVA) in alum adjuvant. It was found that oral administration of dehulled adlay in mice suppressed the production of IgE against OVA antigen. Serum anti-OVA IgG(2a) antibody levels were significantly increased in mice after oral administration of dehulled adlay. Furthermore, the production of IL-2 by OVA-stimulated splenocytes was augmented in dehulled adlay-fed mice. Although dehulled adlay had no effect on the serum anti-OVA IgG(1) antibody levels, it had a great capacity to reduce IL-5 secretion by means of OVA-stimulated splenocytes. Hydrothermal processes, including steaming and extrusion cooking, did not change the capacity of dehulled adlay to suppress IgE production. Three fractions of dehulled alday, including methanolic extract, warm water extract, and residue, were obtained. The methanolic extract exhibited the greatest capacity to reduce anti-OVA IgE production. These results suggest that dehulled adlay has a modulating ability to shift the balance from Th2 to Th1 dominance in the T cell mediated immune system and may be beneficial for the treatment of allergic disorders.
Soluble programmed cell death receptor-1 (sPD-1): a potential biomarker with anti-inflammatory properties in human and experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (2016)

This suggests sPD-1 is elevated in critical illness and may represent a potential biomarker for ARDS. In addition, sPD-1 has an anti-inflammatory mechanism in conditions of marked stress and aids in the resolution of severe inflammation. sPD-1 could be used to not only diagnose ARDS, but may be a potential therapy.
The Properties of Steel Slag Bricks Prepared by both Alkali Activation and Accelerated Carbonation (2012)

The physical and chemical evolutions, including strength, porosity, chemical and mineral compositions, of properties of steel slag bricks prepared by both alkali activation and accelerated carbonation were investigated. The results show that alkali activation provides the initial properties, while accelerated carbonation plays a dominant role in such final performances as strength, porosity, chemical and mineral compositions of steel slag bricks. The steel slag bricks with a compressive strength of 33.8MPa, carbonation degree of 8.92% and porosity of 23.25% were successfully prepared after accelerated carbonation curing (T=50°C, RH=60%, P=0.25MPa, ρ CO2 =80% by volume) for 120min.
Two-Terminal Analysis and Synthesis of Junction Transistor Multivibrators (1956)

The basic junction-transistor multivibrator circuit is analyzed from the point of view of a circuit designer who Wishes to know: (a) how to predict the performance of a particular configuration, and (b) how to synthesize a multivibrator circuit, which may be either astable, bistable, or monostable, from a given set of specifications. The analytical method consists of breaking the multivibrator circuit (two basic, well-known configurations are treated) at a suitable point and using, the two terminals thus obtained as a driving-point pair to derive a useful V-I characteristic. In part I of the paper, the static driving-point resistance characteristics arc derived theoretically and compared to experimental measurements. In part II, transient and high-frequency effects are considered and the two-terminal analysis is extended to derive a prediction of the maximum frequency, or pulse repetition rate, at which the regenerative mode of operation can take place. Part III of the paper treats the problem of circuit synthesis. Using the results of parts I and II, straightforward methods are developed which permit the circuit designer to uniquely determine the seven circuit parameters which must be specified in the design of symmetrical multivibrators. Several design examples of astable, monostable, and bistable configurations are given.
Detailed analysis of gene expression during development of T cell lineages in the thymus (2004)

The genetic mechanisms that promote lineage commitment and eliminate autoreactive cells in the thymus are not well understood. To better understand this process, we have identified and quantitated transcripts in the two major thymocyte lineages by using serial analysis of gene expression. Approximately 25 genes displayed almost complete segregation to one or the other T cell lineage. Commitment to the CD4 lineage was marked by up-regulation of genes associated with increased survival and chaperone function followed by expression of genes that regulate nucleosome remodeling and T cell receptor signaling. Differentiation within the CD8 lineage, on the other hand, was marked by up-regulation of genes that regulate lymphocyte homing, followed by quenching of genes that inhibit apoptosis. Definition of differential gene expression during development of the two major thymocyte lineages will allow insight into mechanisms of T cell development after positive and negative selection.
EDGE - a graph based tool for specifying interaction (1988)

This paper describes a new methodology for specifying and constructing complex interaction dialogs for the design of user interfaces. The method is new in that it promotes a decomposition of the interaction in terms of events in AND/OR graphs called Event-Decomposition Graphs (EDG). These Event-Decomposition Graphs can be progressively refined to capture the detailed semantics of the dialog. Multithreaded interaction can be composed by joining several Event-Decomposition Graphs together in a systematic way. In this paper we present a design tool for specifying and analyzing Event-Decomposition Graphs, and show that the combination of the notation and tool combines many of the capabilities of Context-Free Grammar- and Event-Notations while still providing the graphical view of Transition Network diagrams.
Designing Potent Derivatives of Ovokinin(2-7), an Anti-hypertensive Peptide Derived from Ovalbumin (2001)

We obtained a potent anti-hypertensive peptide, RPFHPF, by replacing the amino acid residues of ovokinin(2-7) (RADHPF), an orally active anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin. After intravenous administration in anesthetized Wistar rats, the designed peptide [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) had a long-lasting hypotensive activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg, while that of ovokinin(2-7) was only transient even at a dose of 100 mg/kg. After oral administration in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. It is noteworthy that the minimum effective dose of [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) was 0.3 mg/kg, about one-thirtieth of that of ovokinin(2-7). On the other hand, orally administered [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) did not show any significant hypotensive effect in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) even at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Taken together, [Pro2, Phe3]-ovokinin(2-7) proved to be an ideal, potent anti-hypertensive peptide with little effect on normal blood pressure when given orally.
Influence of ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of ramie fiber‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) biocomposites (2009)

Abstract Fully degradable natural fiber/degradable polymer composites have received much research attention and have various applications such as in automotive components. But flammability limits their application; it is important to improve the flame retardancy of fully degradable composites with environmentally friendly flame retardants. Flame‐retarded ramie fiber‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared using three processes: (1) PLA was blended with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and then the resulting flame‐retarded PLA was combined with ramie fibers; (2) ramie fibers underwent flame‐retardant treatment with APP, which were then compounded with PLA; and (3) PLA and ramie, both of which had been flame‐retarded using APP, were blended together. The APP in the composites is shown to be very effective in improving flame retardancy according UL94 test and limiting oxygen index measurements. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the improved flame retardancy is due to increased char residue at high temperature. The loading of APP disturbs the compatibility between PLA and fibers, which can be directly observed using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore it has an influence on the dynamic mechanical properties and mechanical properties according dynamic mechanical analysis and mechanical measurements. The results show that composites produced using the third process not only have the best flame retardancy but also comparatively better mechanical properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Subjective and objective evaluation of bruxing patients undergoing short‐term splint therapy (1982)

Subjective and objective criteria were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term bite splint therapy on bruxistic behaviour. A simple bruxism monitoring device was used to check pre-treatment and post-treatment nocturnal bruxism. This preliminary study suggests that short-term splint therapy is effective in eliminating mild to moderate facial pain and dysfunction while reducing bruxistic behaviour. The bruxism monitoring device is a simple and effective tool for diagnosing bruxism quantitatively.
The contribution of carbon monoxide to vascular tonus (2018)

While the vasodilator effect of CO in vessels smaller than 600 μm in diameter was found to be mediated via potassium channels, in vessels larger than 600 μm in diameter, the effect was through both the potassium channels and the cGMP pathway.
Cytochrome<i>c</i>Biogenesis: Mechanisms for Covalent Modifications and Trafficking of Heme and for Heme-Iron Redox Control (2009)

Heme is the prosthetic group for cytochromes, which are directly involved in oxidation/reduction reactions inside and outside the cell. Many cytochromes contain heme with covalent additions at one or both vinyl groups. These include farnesylation at one vinyl in hemes o and a and thioether linkages to each vinyl in cytochrome c (at CXXCH of the protein). Here we review the mechanisms for these covalent attachments, with emphasis on the three unique cytochrome c assembly pathways called systems I, II, and III. All proteins in system I (called Ccm proteins) and system II (Ccs proteins) are integral membrane proteins. Recent biochemical analyses suggest mechanisms for heme channeling to the outside, heme-iron redox control, and attachment to the CXXCH. For system II, the CcsB and CcsA proteins form a cytochrome c synthetase complex which specifically channels heme to an external heme binding domain; in this conserved tryptophan-rich "WWD domain" (in CcsA), the heme is maintained in the reduced state by two external histidines and then ligated to the CXXCH motif. In system I, a two-step process is described. Step 1 is the CcmABCD-mediated synthesis and release of oxidized holoCcmE (heme in the Fe(+3) state). We describe how external histidines in CcmC are involved in heme attachment to CcmE, and the chemical mechanism to form oxidized holoCcmE is discussed. Step 2 includes the CcmFH-mediated reduction (to Fe(+2)) of holoCcmE and ligation of the heme to CXXCH. The evolutionary and ecological advantages for each system are discussed with respect to iron limitation and oxidizing environments.
Innovative Designs for Magneto-Rheological Dampers (2001)

The primary audience for this thesis will be my graduate advisory committee. A secondary audience may consist of students that are involved in the field of magneto-rheological (MR) damper design. Summary of Thesis This thesis will present the results of evaluating several different MR damper designs and will also make recommendations for the design of new MR dampers. The following excerpt is Chapter 1.Table of Contents
Studies on the role of interleukin-12 in acute murine toxoplasmosis. (1995)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is important in the regulation of resistance to Toxoplasma gondii in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The protective ability of IL-12 in SCID mice appears to be through its activity on natural killer (NK) cells to induce production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In this study we assessed the role of IL-12 in the acute stage of toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent mice. Administration of IL-12 to BALB/c mice infected with the virulent C56 strain of T. gondii remarkably delayed time to death. The protective activity of IL-12 was abrogated by administration of monoclonal antibodies to IFN-gamma or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and by depletion of NK cells using an antisera against asialoGM1. Whereas BALB/c mice infected with the ME49 strain of T. gondii survived infection, administration of anti-IL-12 to infected mice resulted in 100% mortality accompanied by decreased serum levels of IFN-gamma. Furthermore, this treatment significantly reversed the suppression of spleen cell proliferation to concanavalin A (Con A), which is associated with the acute stage of infection, and resulted in decreased ex vivo production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in response to Con A. Our results indicate an important role for IL-12 in mediating resistance to T. gondii during acute infection in immunocompetent mice, that NK cells are required for this protective activity, and that IL-12 is involved in the immunosuppression which accompanies this infection.
Studying the Earth's Vegetation from Space (1984)

Journal Article Studying the Earth's Vegetation from Space Get access Daniel B. Botkin, Daniel B. Botkin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John E. Estes, John E. Estes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert M. MacDonald, Robert M. MacDonald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mark V. Wilson Mark V. Wilson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 34, Issue 8, September 1984, Pages 508–514, https://doi.org/10.2307/1309693 Published: 01 September 1984