gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Leuprolide and Serum Androgens in Obese Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome after Dietary Weight Loss<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Insulin resistance and increased ovarian cytochrome P450c17 alpha activity (i.e. increased 17 alpha-hydroxylase and, to a lesser extent, increased 17,20-lyase) are both features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Evidence suggests that hyperinsulinemia may stimulate ovarian P450c17 alpha activity in obese women with PCOS. We hypothesized that weight loss would decrease serum insulin and P450c17 alpha activity in PCOS. Therefore, we measured serum steroid concentrations and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide administration and performed oral glucose tolerance tests before and after 8 weeks of a hypocaloric diet in 12 obese women with PCOS (PCOS group) and 11 obese women with normal menses (control group). Serum insulin decreased in both groups. In the PCOS group, basal serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone decreased from 4.2 +/- 0.6 to 3.0 +/- 0.5 nmol/L (P < 0.05), and leuprolide-stimulated peak serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone decreased from 14.9 +/- 2.6 to 8.9 +/- 0.8 nmol/L (P < 0.025). Serum testosterone decreased from 2.47 +/- 0.52 to 1.56 +/- 0.33 nmol/L (P < 0.05), and free testosterone decreased from 9.03 +/- 1.39 to 5.95 +/- 0.50 pmol/L (P < 0.02). None of these values changed in the control group. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin increased by 4.5- and 3-fold in the PCOS (P < 0.003) and control (P < 0.007) groups, respectively. We conclude that dietary weight loss decreases ovarian P450c17 alpha activity and reduces serum free testosterone concentrations in obese women with PCOS, but not in obese ovulatory women. The changes in women with PCOS may be related to a reduction in serum insulin.
On the flexoelectric effect in nematics (1997)

Flexoelectricity is a general and fundamental phenomenon in liquid crystals. It describes the linear coupling between an applied electric field and gradients in the director field. Whereas flexoelectricity has for decades been regarded as only of academic interest, we think it is time to point out its considerable application potential, for instance in the case of the flexoelectrooptic effect, and to urge a revival of interest in the subject. As a result of long-time neglect, published data on flexoelectric coefficients are scarce and inconsistent, even with regard to the sign of the reported effect. In this paper we critically review the possible definitions of flexocoefficients in order to propose an international standard. We point out that the absence of such a standard obstructs the understanding of the physical basis, microscopically as well as macroscopically, of the effect, and leads to the introduction of nonsensical concepts like ‘flexoelectric anisotropy’. Based on the only natural convention, we finally propose a simple method for measuring sign and magnitude of the effective flexoelectric coefficient which is the control parameter in electro-optic effects.
A pipelined adaptive NEXT canceller (1998)

A near-end crosstalk (NEXT) canceller using a fine-grain pipelined architecture is presented. The performance of the proposed pipelined NEXT canceller is demonstrated in the 125 Mb/s twisted-pair distributed data interface and 155.52 Mb/s asynchronous transfer mode local area network applications. In addition, we analyze the computational complexity of the proposed pipelined NEXT canceller. It is shown that this architecture can be clocked at a rate that is 107 times faster than the serial architecture with a maximum loss of 2.0 dB in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Simultaneous Time-of-Flight sensing and photometric stereo with a single ToF sensor (2015)

We present a novel system which incorporates photometric stereo with the Time-of-Flight depth sensor. Adding to the classic ToF, the system utilizes multiple point light sources that enable the capturing of a normal field whilst taking depth images. Two calibration methods are proposed to determine the light sources' positions given the ToF sensor's relatively low resolution. An iterative refinement algorithm is formulated to account for the extra phase delays caused by the positions of the light sources. We find in experiments that the system is comparable to the classic ToF in depth accuracy, and it is able to recover finer details that are lost due to the noise level of the ToF sensor.
The Transcriptional Regulator Rok Binds A+T-Rich DNA and Is Involved in Repression of a Mobile Genetic Element in Bacillus subtilis (2010)

The rok gene of Bacillus subtilis was identified as a negative regulator of competence development. It also controls expression of several genes not related to competence. We found that Rok binds to extended regions of the B. subtilis genome. These regions are characterized by a high A+T content and are known or believed to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Some of the Rok binding regions are in known mobile genetic elements. A deletion of rok resulted in higher excision of one such element, ICEBs1, a conjugative transposon found integrated in the B. subtilis genome. When expressed in the Gram negative E. coli, Rok also associated with A+T-rich DNA and a conserved C-terminal region of Rok contributed to this association. Together with previous work, our findings indicate that Rok is a nucleoid associated protein that serves to help repress expression of A+T-rich genes, many of which appear to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. In these ways, Rok appears to be functionally analogous to H-NS, a nucleoid associated protein found in Gram negative bacteria and Lsr2 of high G+C Mycobacteria.
Metallurgical Aspects of Heavy Wall - High Strength Seamless Pipes for Deep Water Applications (2005)

The metallurgical design of X65/X70 grade weldable steel flowlines and risers, with a wall thickness greater than 35 mm for deep water, was performed throughout metallurgical modeling, laboratory tests, pilot and industrial trials and advanced metallographic examinations. The role of micro-precipitates in controlling austenite grain growth and the effect of prior austenite grain size (PAGS) and alloying additions on phase transformation during quenching were investigated. The target microstructure in the as-quenched condition was identified as a matrix of refined bainite and low-C martensite with small, well dispersed, islands of MA constituent. This is achieved through fine AGS and very effective quenching. Complex aggregates of high (packets) and low-angle (cells) units and precipitation hardening resulted after tempering. Small packets lead to better low temperature toughness. An optimized chemistry, with proper combination of elements such as Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb and V, and suitable quenching and tempering conditions were identified for pipes of wall thickness up to 42 mm. Addition of 0.20-0.25% Cr produces further improvement in strength, without reducing toughness. Seamless pipes produced by this metallurgical design exhibited suitable mechanical properties at room and high temperature (130 deg C), hardness values lower than 248 HV{sub 10}, and good CTOD values up to - 40 deg C of both base metal and HAZ. (author)
Telehealth for persons with severe functional disabilities and their caregivers: Facilitating self-care management in the home setting. (2012)

Persons with severe functional disabilities are the highest users of health care services. Caring for the needs of this population represents a significant percentage of our national health care costs. A growing body of research has demonstrated the efficacy of self-management strategies and caregiver engagement for effective long-term care for individuals with chronic medical conditions. Economic forces over the past decade have led to new challenges and resulted in major changes in health care delivery resulting in shortened length of inpatient stays and greater limits on the length of outpatient treatment. Telehealth is an innovative method for health care delivery and a means of meeting this new challenge. This article highlights the findings of 3 pilot studies on the use of telecommunications technologies in promoting self-care management and enhancing health care outcomes in persons with severe disabilities and their family caregivers. The importance of matching technology to the needs of this population, lessons learned from these investigations, and future directions for research are addressed.
High-intensity narrow-spectrum light inactivation and wavelength sensitivity of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2008)

This study was conducted to investigate the bactericidal effects of visible light on methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and subsequently identify the wavelength sensitivity of S. aureus, in order to establish the wavelengths inducing maximum inactivation. Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA strains, were shown to be inactivated by exposure to high-intensity visible light, and, more specifically, through a series of studies using a xenon broadband white-light source in conjunction with a selection of optical filters, it was found that inactivation of S. aureus occurs upon exposure to blue light of wavelengths between 400 and 420 nm, with maximum inactivation occurring at 405+/-5 nm. This visible-light inactivation was achieved without the addition of exogenous photosensitisers. The significant safety benefit of these blue-light wavelengths over UV light, in addition to their ability to inactivate medically important microorganisms such as MRSA, emphasises the potential of exploiting these non-UV wavelengths for disinfection applications.
The practical histochemical demonstration of catecholamines by formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence (1967)

SYNOPSIS Catecholamines become intensely fluorescent when exposed to formaldehyde. This is due to closure of the side chain by a methylene bridge and subsequent dehydrogenation, which results in the formation of intensely fluorescent isoquinolines. Exposing freeze‐dried tissue to formaldehyde vapour makes it possible to study the distribution of catecholamines by fluorescence microscopy. The present paper deals with the practical performance of the formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence. The technique consists of the following steps: Freezing. This must be rapid. An apparatus is proposed for freezing at maximum rate, in which the tissue slice comes into sudden contact with a cold metal surface. Drying. The tissue must be dried at a temperature below −40°C, using an efficient apparatus. The types of apparatus are described and discussed. Small tissue pieces can be dried overnight with an efficient apparatus. Formaldehyde condensation. Formaldehyde is generated by warming paraformaldehyde powder in a glass vessel containing the freeze‐dried tissue pieces. The temperature of exposure and the water content of the paraformaldehyde powder must be properly adjusted for each tissue. Exposure for 1 hour at 50°C to paraformaldehyde powder equilibriated with 60 p.c. relative humidity is recommended as a start. Embedding, sectioning, and mounting. The formaldehyde‐treated tissue pieces are embedded in paraffin wax or, for better resolution, in epoxy resin. Sections must be spread on the slide without using water. Xylene, paraffin oil, and Entellan are suitable mounting media. Fluorescence microscopy. Any microscope fitted with non‐fluorescent optics is suitable for fluorescence work. A sufficiently intense light source is necessary; the high pressure mercury vapour lamp HBO 200 (Osram) is suitable. Special effects can be obtained with different filter combinations. The Schott filters BG 12 and OG 1 are suitable for most practical studies of catecholamines.
Surface Electron Accumulation and the Charge Neutrality Level in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>In</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2008)

High-resolution x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, infrared reflectivity and Hall effect measurements, combined with surface space-charge calculations, are used to show that electron accumulation occurs at the surface of undoped single-crystalline In2O3. From a combination of measurements performed on undoped and heavily Sn-doped samples, the charge neutrality level is shown to lie approximately 0.4 eV above the conduction band minimum in In2O3, explaining the electron accumulation at the surface of undoped material, the propensity for n-type conductivity, and the ease of n-type doping in In2O3, and hence its use as a transparent conducting oxide material.
Over‐expression of the small heat‐shock protein, hsp25, inhibits growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (1992)

hsp25 is a small, growth-related, mammalian stress protein which is highly accumulated in the stationary phase of Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo. Ehrlich ascites cells cultivated in vitro under conditions of continuous exponential growth express hsp25 only at a low level. These cells were stably transfected with an eukaryotic expression vector carrying the coding sequence of the small heat-shock protein, hsp25, under control of the murine metallothionein promoter. The resulting cell lines (EAT II6 and EAT II8) exhibit constitutive over-expression of the small heat-shock protein, hsp25, which can be further increased by induction with cadmium. Both cell lines show increased thermoresistance. The in vitro proliferation rate of the transfected cell lines EAT II6 and EAT II8 is significantly decreased depending on the degree of cadmium-regulated over-expression of hsp25. Furthermore, a significant delay in Ehrlich ascites tumor growth in mice using the hsp25 over-expressing cells for primary inoculation could be demonstrated.
Initial Light Soaking Treatment Enables Hole Transport Material to Outperform Spiro-OMeTAD in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Efficient solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (sDSCs) were obtained using a small hole transport material, MeO-TPD (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)benzidine), after an initial light soaking treatment. It was discovered that the light soaking treatment for the MeO-TPD based solar cells is essential in order to achieve the high efficiency (4.9%), which outperforms spiro-OMeTAD based sDSCs using the same dye and device preparation parameters. A mechanism based on Li(+) ion migration is suggested to explain the light soaking effect. It was observed that the electron lifetime for the MeO-TPD based sDSC strongly increases after the light soaking treatment, which explains the higher efficiency. After the initial light soaking treatment the device efficiency remains considerably stable with only 0.2% decrease after around 1 month (unsealed cells stored in dark).
Novel Thermal-Swing Sorption-Enhanced Reaction Process Concept for Hydrogen Production by Low-Temperature Steam−Methane Reforming (2007)

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of natural gas is a well-established technology. The possibility of using hydrogen, a nonpolluting fuel, in fuel cells has brought new interest in developing small, efficient, fuel-cell grade hydrogen production units for residential or industrial use. A novel, step-out, low-temperature, steam−methane reforming (SMR) process concept called "thermal-swing sorption-enhanced reaction" (TSSER) is described. The concept simultaneously carries out the SMR reactions at 490−590 °C and removes the byproduct CO2 from the reaction zone in a single unit operation, thereby (a) circumventing the thermodynamic limitations of the SMR reactions and (b) directly producing a fuel-cell grade H2 product with very high CH4-to-H2 conversion. A K2CO3 promoted hydrotalcite is used as the CO2 selective chemisorbent in the reactor, which is periodically regenerated by steam purge at 590 °C. Model simulations of the TSSER process using recently measured CO2 chemisorption characteristics of the promoted hydrotalcite indicate that a very compact H2 generation unit can be designed that requires relatively low amounts of steam for regeneration. New CO2 desorption data from the chemisorbent and its thermal stability are reported.
Expression of methicillin resistance in heterogeneous strains of Staphylococcus aureus (1986)

The phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance was studied in a number of clinical isolates and laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains could be divided into three classes, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and thermosensitive heterogeneous methicillin-resistant S. aureus, on the basis of their plating efficiencies at 30 or 37 degrees C on methicillin-containing agar plates. Heterogeneous strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were composed of two subpopulations: a small minority of cells (10(-5) to 10(-3); MIC, 600 to 1,000 micrograms/ml) that expressed resistance to high concentrations of methicillin at 37 degrees C, and a majority of cells (MIC, 5 micrograms/ml) that remained susceptible to the drug at 37 degrees C. Cultures of a thermosensitive heterogeneous strain were able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of methicillin, provided that the growth temperature was 30 degrees C. Such cultures lost their phenotypic resistance within 30 min (i.e., in less than one doubling time) after the growth temperature was shifted to the nonpermissive 37 degrees C. Shift of the temperature of the culture in the reverse direction (37 to 30 degrees C) resulted in an equally rapid expression of phenotypic resistance. The majority of the cells in such heterogeneous strains may be considered heat (or salt) conditional in their phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance. Both heterogeneous and thermosensitive heterogeneous strains, irrespective of their temperature of cultivation and degree of phenotypic resistance, contained detectable quantities of the 78-kilodalton penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP 2a) that previous studies have suggested is a biochemical correlate of methicillin resistance in homogeneous strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, in contrast to the homogeneous stains, in heterogeneous and thermosensitive heterogeneous isolates the ability to synthesize PBP 2a is apparently not sufficient to provide a resistant phenotype. In these strains some additional, as yet undefined factor(s) is also needed for the expression of methicillin resistance.
Noise Shaping Filter Compensating PWM Distortion for Fully Digital Amplifier (2005)

The full-digital audio amplifiers have several merits such as a high power enabling a small size of the amplifier and digital implementation of the signal processing which allows desired precision of the processing except for the final stage switching amplifiers. Unfortunately, the pulse width modulation (PWM) causes signal distortions because of the non-linearity of the modulation from the viewpoint of the transient response. This paper proposes a compensation method of the PWM distortion with feedback approach. In the noise-shaping filter of the delta-sigma modulator to calculate the pulse codes for the PWM, the distortion caused by the PWM is evaluated and fed it back to compensate the distortion. Eventually the filter is implemented as a state-variable filter with non-linear feedback from the quantizer. The calculation of the filter elements is also described. By using proposed filters, PWM signals with small distortions and small floor noise can be obtained to realize high-fidelity audio amplifiers.
Topical Prostaglandin-E1 for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (1995)

This study was undertaken as a phase I, placebo controlled, nonblinded investigation of the safety and efficacy of topical prostaglandin-E1 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Nine men with erectile dysfunction secondary to spinal cord injury and 1 man with mild arterial insufficiency were enrolled in the trial and underwent color flow Doppler ultrasound of the penis after application of topical prostaglandin-E1 to the penis, scrotum and perineum. Eight men completed all phases of the study. Mean cavernous artery diameter increased from 0.09 to 0.11 cm. (p < 0.05) and mean peak systolic flow velocity increased from 15.4 to 22.8 cm. per second (p < 0.05) using color flow Doppler ultrasound. Peak systolic flow velocity increased in both cavernous arteries in 7 of 10 patients. Clinical erections were observed in 2 patients but they were not present with placebo application. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate varied after application of prostaglandin-E1 to the genitalia. No patient was symptomatic and no adverse skin effects were observed in the 8 patients completing all phases of the study. In conclusion, topical prostaglandin-E1 appears to be safe and well tolerated after application to the genitalia, and significantly increases blood flow to the penis. Further investigation is being pursued.
Orphan receptor tyrosine kinases ROR1 and ROR2 in hematological malignancies (2012)

The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 has been shown to be overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of this study was to further characterize the expression of ROR1 and the other member of the ROR family, ROR2, in other lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Normal white blood cells and reactive lymph nodes were negative for ROR1 and ROR2. A significantly high and uniform surface expression of ROR1 was found in CLL/hairy cell leukemia (HCL) compared to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), myelomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemias (p = 0.02 to < 0.001). The lowest proportion of ROR1+ cells was seen in FL, whereas CLL, HCL and CML had significantly higher numbers of ROR1+ cells. Longitudinal follow-up of individual patients with CLL revealed that ROR1+ cells remained stable over time in non-progressive patients, but increased when the disease progressed (p < 0.05). Thus, a variable staining pattern of ROR1 ranging from very high (CLL, HCL) and high (CML) to intermediate (myeloma and DLBCL) or low (FL) was noted. ROR2 was not detected in hematological malignancies.
An IEEE 802.15.6 Standard Compliant 2.5 nJ/Bit Multiband WBAN Transmitter Using Phase Multiplexing and Injection Locking (2015)

This paper describes an 802.15.6 compliant 2360-2484 MHz multiband transmitter that digitally multiplexes the appropriate phases from an 800 MHz poly-phase filter output to generate π/4 DQPSK signals at 2.4 GHz using injection locking. Modulation at one-third the RF frequency reduces the transmitter power consumption and enables channel selection using an integer-N PLL running at 800 MHz. The modulation technique does not require phase calibration and resolves the problems of traditional injection lock based modulators. The prototype transmitter consumes 2.4 mW while delivering -10 dBm RF power at the TX output resulting in an energy efficiency of 2.5 nJ/bit at 1.2 Mbps raw data rate. The measured RMS EVM for π/4 DQPSK modulation is 3.21%.
PR-MAC: A practical approach for exploiting relay transmissions in multi-rate WLANs (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol, called proxy relay-enabled MAC (PR-MAC), to improve the capacity of multi-rate WLANs. PR-MAC introduces a new entity called proxy relay point (PRP), which serves as a relay between the AP and stations. The cooperation of the AP with PRP replaces direct transmissions for low-rate stations with fast two-hop transmissions while the stations think that they communicate directly with the AP. Our experiment and simulation results showed that PR-MAC can significantly improve the throughput of legacy stations without any modification on the MAC operation of the stations.