gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody Responses of Pigs to Defined E <sup>rns</sup> Fragments after Infection with Classical Swine Fever Virus (2005)

Antibody responses of pigs to defined Erns fragments, after classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection, were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Selection of various E(rns) fragments was based on an immunodominant Erns region encompassing three overlapping antigenic regions, amino acids 65 to 145 (Erns(aa)65-145) (AR1), 84 to 160 (Erns(aa)84-160) (AR2), and 109 to 220 (Erns(aa)109-220) (AR3), identified earlier by our group (M. Lin, E. Trottier, J. Pasick, and M. Sabara, J. Biochem., in press). Defined Erns fragments, including AR1, AR2, AR3, Erns(aa)65-160 (AR12), Erns(aa)84-220 (AR23), Erns(aa)65-220 (AR123), Erns(aa)109-145 (the consensus region defined by the three overlapping regions), and Erns(aa)109-160 (a fragment 15 amino acids larger than the consensus region), were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography, and used to measure antibody responses in 20 sera serially collected from pigs experimentally infected with CSFV. Based on the optimum cutoffs determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis after testing 238 negative field sera from Canadian sources, all the Erns fragments were capable of distinguishing positive from negative antibody responses with sensitivities ranging between 75 and 90% and specificities ranging between 83.2 and 100%. Detection of antibody responses to refolded Erns(aa)109-145 and Erns(aa)109-160 by ELISA (this study) but not by Western blots (Lin et al., in press) indicated that the epitopes within the consensus region are conformational. When cutoff values were raised to give a specificity of 100%, four Erns fragments (AR2, AR23, Erns(aa)109-145, and Erns(aa)109-160) offered much higher sensitivities (75 to 90%) than those obtained with other fragments (20 to 65%). Erns(aa)109-145 and Erns(aa)109-160 were capable of detecting antibody responses in infected pigs as early as 7 days postinfection. Demonstration of antibody responses to either one of the four fragments can thus be an alternative to use of the full-length protein in ELISA for serological diagnosis of CSFV infection. An advantage of such a test would be its utilization for serological survey in a classical swine fever-free country (e.g., Canada) in biocontainment level 2 laboratories.
Experiments on the impact-light-flash at high velocities (1966)

Impact-light-flash at high velocities - particle acceleration and analysis - two-color temperature measurement
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) and Advanced Applications (2011)

This is the first book that comprehensively and systematically describes the new technology of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography is a separation technique suitable for polar and hydrophilic compounds and orthogonal to reversed phase liquid chromatography. From small organic molecules to pr
A simple colorimetric detection of DNA methylation (2012)

In this work, we describe a simple colorimetric method to detect DNA methylation. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) with a small CpG region containing methylated cytosine (methylated APC) was synthesized and tested. Methylated APC was first captured and enriched by anti-5-methylcytosine monoclonal antibody conjugated magnetic microspheres (MMPs). Then a probe partly complementary to the APC sequence was added, resulting in the formation of DNA duplexes. The microsphere-captured probe was then released by heat denaturation and added into unmodified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) solution. Colorimetric detection was performed by salt-induced aggregation. The limit of detection is 80 fmol. Semi-quantitative analysis was done with a UV/Vis spectrophotometer by recording the absorbance of AuNP solution at 520 nm. Thus, this method provides a simple, rapid and quantitative tool for DNA methylation detection.
342. Human Erythropoietin Gene Therapy for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (2005)

Yitzhak Lippin,1 Michal Dranitzki-Elhale,2 Einat Brill-Almon,3 Chava Mei–Zahav,3 Sarah Mizrachi,4 Yael Liberman,4 Adrian Iaina,5 Eli Kaplan,5 Eduardo Podjarny,6 Nicole Casadevall,7 Noam Shani,3 Eithan Galun,4
Origin of Pressure-Induced Polyamorphism in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ce</mml:mi><mml:mn>75</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Al</mml:mi><mml:mn>25</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Metallic Glass (2010)

Using high-pressure synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we observed the Ce 4f electron in Ce(75)Al(25) metallic glass transform from its ambient localized state to an itinerant state above 5 GPa. A parallel x-ray diffraction study revealed a volume collapse of about 8.6%, coinciding with 4f delocalization. The transition started from a low-density state below 1.5 GPa, went through continuous densification ending with a high-density state above 5 GPa. This new type of electronic polyamorphism in densely packed metallic glass is dictated by the Ce constituent, and is fundamentally distinct from the well-established structural polyamorphism in which densification is caused by coordination change and atomic rearrangement.
Stable High-Level Expression of Heterologous Genes In Vitro and In Vivo by Noncytopathic DNA-Based Kunjin Virus Replicon Vectors (2000)

Primary features of the flavivirus Kunjin (KUN) subgenomic replicons include continuous noncytopathic replication in host cell cytoplasm and the ability to be encapsidated into secreted virus-like particles (VLPs). Previously we reported preparation of RNA-based KUN replicon vectors and expression of heterologous genes (HG) in cell culture after RNA transfection or after infection with recombinant KUN VLPs (A. N. Varnavski and A. A. Khromykh, Virology 255:366-375, 1999). In this study we describe the development of the next generation of KUN replicon vectors, which allow synthesis of replicon RNA in vivo from corresponding plasmid DNAs. These DNA-based vectors were able to direct stable expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) in several mammalian cell lines, and expression remained high ( approximately 150 pg per cell) throughout cell passaging. The applicability of these vectors in vivo was demonstrated by beta-Gal expression in the mouse lung epithelium for at least 8 weeks after intranasal inoculation and induction of anti-beta-Gal antibody response after intramuscular inoculation of the beta-Gal-encoding KUN replicon DNA. The noncytopathic nature of DNA-based KUN replicon vectors combined with high-level and stability of HG expression in a broad range of host cells should prove them to be useful in a variety of applications in vitro and in vivo.
Properties of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbX<sub>3</sub> (X = I, Br, Cl) Powders as Precursors for Organic/Inorganic Solar Cells (2014)

CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites were prepared by a self-organization processes using different precursor solutions. The XRD analysis indicates the formation, at room temperature, of a tetragonal structure (space group I4/mcm) for X = I, of a cubic structure (space group Pm3̅m) for X = Br, and of centro-symmetric cubic structure (space group Pm3m) for X = Cl, respectively. The structural analysis revealed the formation of CH3NH3Cl as secondary phase in the Cl-containing system. The morphological investigation revealed the formation of rhombo-hexagonal dodecahedra crystallite for X = I, Br, whereas cube-like aggregates were observed for X = Cl. The thermogravimetric analysis performed in air did not reveal any loss until 250 °C for X = I and 300 °C for X = Br, respectively, whereas the differential thermal analysis (DTA) detected two endothermic thermal events (at 336 and 409 °C) for X = I and one only (379 °C) for X = Br, respectively. The infrared spectra (IR) of the powders conformed to the 3-fold symmetry of the methylammonium ion which rotates around the C–N axis. Optical absorption measurements indicated that the CH3NH3PbX3 systems behave as direct-gap semiconductors with energy band gaps of 1.53 eV for X = I, 2.20 eV for X = Br, and 3.00 eV for X = Cl, respectively, at room temperature. The direct-gap semiconductivity for X = I and X = Br was confirmed by the photoluminescence emission measurements, whereas the compound for X = Cl is inactive. I-containing powders were dissolved in an organic solvent (dimethyl-formamide, DMF). The dispersion (100–300 μL) was dropped on glassy substrates on which thick films were obtained by spin-coating and thermal treatment at 120 °C for ca. 5 min. The preparation of the layers was performed in air at room temperature.
Phototherapy Effect on the Incidence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants: Prevention With Chest Shielding (1986)

Patent ductus arteriosus is common among premature neonates, especially those with birth weights less than 1,500 g. In vitro, room light inhibits the contraction of immature piglet's ductal rings. Because phototherapy is used frequently from the first days of life to treat jaundice in preterm neonates, we compared the occurrence of patent ductus arteriosus among premature infants exposed to this intense light source with those whose chests were shielded. Seventy-four babies with respiratory distress syndrome were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (chest shielded with aluminum foil while on phototherapy, 36 babies) or control group (no shield, 38 babies). All were on radiant warmers, received mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome, and phototherapy (Air Shields model PTU 78-1) from day 1 of life. Irradiance was maintained at greater than 4.0 microW/cm2/nm in all cases. Although both groups had similar birth weights, gestational ages, severity of respiratory distress syndrome, intravenous fluid intake, and duration of phototherapy, the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was significantly less in the shield group (shield 11/36 v No shield 23/38; P = .009). Patent ductus arteriosus murmurs developed in shielded patients at a later date, they required less vigorous treatment (ie, indomethacin), and they had shorter hospitalizations (74 v 85 days; P less than .05). The significant reduction of patent ductus arteriosus with shielding suggests that phototherapy may play a role in the occurrence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Shielding may be a practical method to decrease this common complication should this initial observation be confirmed.
Parallel evolutionary learning of fuzzy rule bases using the island injection genetic algorithm (2002)

In this paper the island injection genetic algorithm (iiGA) is applied to the evolutionary design of fuzzy rule bases. The iiGA is a parallel GA in which a hierarchy of subpopulations of candidate problem solutions employ representations at different resolutions. Emigration from one subpopulation to another occurs strictly down the hierarchy of increasing resolution, except at the lowest (i.e. highest resolution) level where subpopulations can exchange migrants. This arrangement allows subpopulations with more abstract representations to evolve approximate solutions, which are then "injected" into subpopulations at lower levels in the hierarchy for further refinement. We investigate the application of the technique to artificial evolution of fuzzy controllers. In applying the technique to this problem, different subpopulations use varying levels of abstraction in their representation of fuzzy set membership functions and number of fuzzy rules.
Dynamic statistical profiling of communication activity in distributed applications (2002)

Performance analysis of communication activity for a terascale application with traditional message tracing can be overwhelming in terms of overhead, perturbation, and storage. We propose a novel alternative that enables dynamic statistical profiling of an application's communication activity using message sampling. We have implemented an operational prototype, named PHOTON, and our evidence shows that this new approach can provide an accurate, low-overhead, tractable alternative for performance analysis of communication activity. PHOTON consists of two components: a Message Passing Interface (MPI) profiling layer that implements sampling and analysis, and a modified MPI runtime that appends a small but necessary amount of information to individual messages. More importantly, this alternative enables an assortment of runtime analysis techniques so that, in contrast to post-mortem, trace-based techniques, the raw performance data can be jettisoned immediately after analysis. Our investigation shows that message sampling can reduce overhead to imperceptible levels for many applications. Experiments on several applications demonstrate the viability of this approach. For example, with one application, our technique reduced the analysis overhead from 154% for traditional tracing to 6% for statistical profiling. We also evaluate different sampling techniques in this framework. The coverage of the sample space provided by purely random sampling is superior to counter- and timer-based sampling. Also, PHOTON's design reveals that frugal modifications to the MPI runtime system could facilitate such techniques on production computing systems, and it suggests that this sampling technique could execute continuously for long-running applications.
Improved Cleaning of Hydrophilic Protein-Coated Surfaces using the Combination of Nanobubbles and SDS (2009)

The use of nanobubbles, the common surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and nanobubbles in combination with SDS as cleaning agents to remove lysozyme from the solid-liquid interface has been investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. On the hydrophobic surface, significant amounts of protein remained on the surface after 10 cycles of nanobubble treatment for 10 s periods in phosphate buffer. The cleaning efficiency of SDS was far superior and was shown to remove approximately 90% of the protein. The use of nanobubbles in combination with SDS failed to improve the cleaning efficiency further. On the other hand, lysozyme on the hydrophilic surface cannot be removed effectively by either 10 cycles of cleaning with nanobubbles or 10 cycles of cleaning with SDS. Nevertheless, the protein can be removed completely after 6 cycles of cleaning with nanobubbles in combination with SDS.
Identification of <i>ROS1</i> rearrangement in gastric adenocarcinoma (2013)

In this study, an SLC34A2-ROS1 rearrangement was identified in GC, and the results provide a rationale for investigating the clinical efficacy of ROS1 inhibitors in this unique molecular subset of GC. Society.
Change in conductance is the fundamental measure of spin-valve magnetoresistance (1992)

The absolute change of sheet conductance (ΔG) of spin-valve multilayers is shown analytically and experimentally to be the macroscopic observable most directly related to the physical mechanism of giant magnetoresistance. Unlike the changes in resistance ΔR/R or ΔR, ΔG is directly connected to the changes in the Fermi spheres of the ferromagnetic layers induced by the variation in magnetic alignment. In structures comprising Si/Co 80 Å/Cu 25 Å/NiFe 50 Å/FeMn 90 Å/Ta 50 Å/Cu tCu/Ta 50 Å, in which only the thickness tCu is varied, the values and the thermal variations of ΔR/R(T) and ΔR(T) are strongly influenced by tCu through its shunting effect. In contrast ΔG is found to be independent of shunting.
Third-order optical nonlinearity and all-optical switching in porous silicon (1995)

The third-order optical nonlinearity χ(3) of porous silicon has been measured using the Z-scan technique. Intensity dependent absorption was observed and attributed to a resonant two photon absorption process. The real and imaginary parts of χ(3) have been measured at 665 nm and found to be 7.5×10−9 esu and −1.9×10−9 esu, respectively. This constitutes a significant enhancement over crystalline silicon. All optical switching based on nonlinear absorption is demonstrated.
The Relationship Between the Thrombotic and Infectious Complications of Central Venous Catheters (1994)

Thrombotic complications are common in catheterized veins and are often associated with catheter sepsis.
Intraoperative radiofrequency microbipolar coagulation to replace incisions of maze III procedure for correcting atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic valvular disease (1997)

Thus, our modification considerably shortened the time taken for creating the maze in comparison to the Cox's maze procedure and was effective in restoring normal sinus rhythm in 80% of the patients.
A single-chip tuner for dvb-t (2003)

A new architecture is presented for a single-chip tuner for digital terrestrial television, based on existing double conversion and direct conversion topologies. The new design forms part of a mixed-signal Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) receiver system, employing digital signal processing at baseband to ensure minimal performance requirements for the analog circuitry. To evaluate the potential performance of this new tuner/receiver system, high-level system simulations have been performed, followed by the construction of a prototype DVB-T receiver using a custom-designed analog ASIC which integrates all analog tuner blocks (including channel filtering) on one chip. Measured results from this chip, implemented in a 20-GHz bipolar technology, show an overall third-order input referred intercept point of 116 dBμV, a noise figure of 14 dB and an automatic gain control range of 71.4 dB, drawing 250 mA at a 5-V supply.
Atypical antipsychotics: sleep, sedation, and efficacy. (2004)

Patients with schizophrenia often suffer from sleep disturbances such as excessive sleeping and insomnia. Common medications for schizophrenia can have a sedative effect on patients. Not all antipsychotic medications have the same sedative effect, which is related to dosage and affinity for histamine H1 receptors. Studies have shown that, compared with conventional antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone generally cause less sedation yet are as effective in controlling psychosis and agitation. Sedation can be troublesome to patients who are trying to become re-integrated into society and interfere with their treatment regimen. Both persistent sedation and chronic insomnia can be managed by the physician.
Versatile Solid-Phase Synthesis of Trisubstituted 1<i>H</i>-Pyrido[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-ones and Related Heterocycles (2004)

A solid-phase synthesis of trisubstituted 1H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones has been developed. The synthesis utilizes solid-phase bound N-2,6-dichloronicotinoyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-carboximidamides as key intermediates. Sequential substitution of benzotriazole and the two chlorines furnishes the title compounds with regioselectivity and high purity. Application of the method to various disubstituted analogues is also demonstrated.
Rescue Use of DNase in Critical Lung Atelectasis and Mucus Retention in Premature Neonates (2001)

Excessive or thick pulmonary secretions are a common clinical challenge in the neonatal population. Mucus accumulation can cause many life-threatening complications, including plugging of the endotracheal tube and increasing the risk of pulmonary infections. We report 3 premature neonates who had critical pulmonary collapse secondary to mucous plugging. Different conventional methods to liquefy mucus and facilitate removal of secretions were exhausted to no avail. The rescue use of DNase was effective in reestablishing airway patency. Thus, this drug could be a valuable tool in treating atelectasis and mucus-plugging in mechanically ventilated, premature neonates.
Colorless and Thermally Stable Polymer—An Alicyclic Polyimide with Cyclopentanone Bis-spironorbornane Structure (2011)

An alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, norbornane-2-spiro-α-cyclopentanone-α´-spiro-2″-norbornane-5,5″,6,6″-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA) was synthesized from a cyclopentanone bis-spironorbornene compound by Pd-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation, followed by the ester-exchange reaction and then by the thermal dehydration ring-closure. The dianhydride was polycondensated with 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene in DMAc to give a poly(amic acid) having an inherent viscosity ηinh of 0.31 dL/g. The viscous solution was cast on a glass plate. The plate was heated in vacuum at 80°C and 250°C for 1 h each to be converted to the polyimide film. The film was soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and possessed an averaged transmittance of 89.0% in the visible light area. The polyimide has good thermal stability with the 5% weight-loss temperature at 487°C and the Tg at 290°C. The high Tg may be due to a dipole-dipole interaction between the keto groups of the polymer chains as well as to a development of rigid polyalicyclic units.
Synthesis of Copper (II) Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles and Its Application as Gas Sensor (2016)

Copper sulfate was used as a precursor to prepare CuO nanoparticles in reverse micelles (o/w microemulsion).  This is a technique which allows the preparation of ultrafine metal oxide nanoparticles within the size ranging from 50 to 60 nm. The preparation of nano copper (II) oxide studied was investigated in the inverse microemulsion system. Therefore the nucleation of metal particles proceeds in the water capsules of the microemulsion. Tween 80 was added as surfactant. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study provides a simple and efficient route to synthesize CuO nanoparticles at room temperature.
Erythropoietin: isolation by affinity chromatography with lectin-agarose derivatives. (1977)

Affinity chromatography using agarose-bound lectins was used to isolate erythropoietin from crude preparations of sheep plasma and human urinary erythropoietin. On the basis of previous estimates of the sugar content of the hormone, six lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, phytohemagglutinin, Ricinus communis 120, soybean agglutinin, concanavalin A, and limulin) were chosen for study. Only wheat germ agglutinin-agarose and phytohemagglutinin-agarose derivatives had significant affinity for erythropoietin. By use of wheat germ aggutinin-agarose columns, erythropoietin could be separated from over 95% of the initial starting protein, resulting in an 8-to 100-fold purification and a recovery of at least 40% depending on the source of the hormone. Affinity chromatography with agarose-bound lectins provides a simple rapid method for isolating erythropoietin from crude preparations of the hormone.
Computer simulations of adaptive behavior in animals (2002)

This paper reviews various architectures or working principles that enable animals-i.e. simulated animals or animal-like robots-to display adaptive behaviors and that might be useful within the context of computer animation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>