gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faraday effect and energy gap in optical materials (1992)

Measurements have been made of the magneto-optical rotation at visible wavelengths of the following optical materials: Dynasil 1001 fused silica, Schott BK-7 borosilicate glass and undoped YAG crystal. A pulsed magnetic field of about 7.0 T was used. The YAG crystal was shown to be a good alternative material for constructing a visible optical isolator, with a figure of merit M as high as 58.5 rad T-1 at 632.8 nm. From the author's data they calculated the average magneto-optical anomaly factor gamma for each sample, as well as the energy gap Eg and the disorder parameter z by using BHL, KLN and MS formulae. A low value of z was found for the three samples, indicating that the interband transitions involved in the Faraday rotation of these materials are predominantly direct. The authors also calculated the energy gap of their samples through the use of their respective optical dispersion data. Good agreement between the values of Eg calculated by the different methods is observed.
Vertical Vibration of Embedded Footings (1972)

The theory makes it possible to consider soil as an elastic half-space or a stratum. In the latter case, embedment becomes particularly important because the omission of embedment leads to unrealistic overestimation of amplitudes, while the omission of layering can result in considerable underestimation of the response. The approximate analytical solution compares favorably with the finite element solution and can be easily applied in design of footings or structures supported by embedded foundations. A further advantage is that the same approach can be used to predict the response in any vibration mode including coupled modes. The field experiments were conducted with concrete blocks having square and rectangular bases. There was a reasonable agreement between the theoretical and experimental relative variations of the resonant amplitudes and of the resonant frequencies with embedment in the case of the undisturbed soil.
Affinity therapy and polymer bound drugs (1979)

Some of the principles and advantages of affinity and polymeric drugs are demonstrated by the coupling by various methods of the anti-cancer drug daunomycin to antibodies against cancer cells and to dextran. In all the cases studied the conjugated drugs retain a significant amount of the original drug activity, and were less toxic. At higher concentrations the conjugated drug was more potent due to the lower toxicity. The mechanism of the action of the polymeric drugs are not yet known. We assume that they work through a slow release of the low molecular weight drug.
Novel Amphiphilic Styrene‐Based Block Copolymers for Induced Surface Reconstruction (2007)

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers by living radical polymerization (NMP) of new styrene‐like monomers. The polar monomers (ethylene oxide side chains and free hydroxyl‐ or amino‐groups after deprotection) were polymerized in a “protected form” to adjust the solubility of the monomers. In this way high molar mass polymers with a narrow polydispersity (around or below 1.2) were accessible. In the bulk state hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains demix. By exposing thin films of these polymers to vacuum (air) or alternatively to water or a hydrophilic surface it becomes possible to switch the surface polarity reversibly between contact angles of about 105° and 83° as a result of surface reconstruction. Through side chains of different length and with different functionalities, it was possible to adjust the glass transition temperatures to values between −2 °C to 140 °C for the hydrophilic blocks and −30 °C to 100 °C for the hydrophobic block. The wide range of the glass temperatures allowed it to find a block copolymer system with a slow kinetic concerning the surface reconstruction process, so that a mechanistic examination of the process by AFM was possible. It got, thereby, possible to detect the break‐up of the hydrophobic surface lamella and the upfold of the hydrophilic lamella in contact with water. magnified image
Attenuated Bacteria as Immunotherapeutic Tools for Cancer Treatment (2018)

The use of attenuated bacteria as cancer therapeutic tools has garnered increasing scientific interest over the past 10 years. This is largely due to the development of bacterial strains that maintain good anti-tumor efficacy, but with reduced potential to cause toxicities to the host. Because of its ability to replicate in viable as well as necrotic tissue, cancer therapy using attenuated strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as <i>Salmonella</i>, has several advantages over standard treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite some findings suggesting that it may operate through a direct cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that bacterial therapy acts by modulating cells of the immune system to counter the growth of the tumor. Herein, we review the experimental evidence underlying the success of bacterial immunotherapy against cancer and highlight the cellular and molecular alterations in the peripheral immune system and within the tumor microenvironment that have been reported following different forms of bacterial therapy. Our improved understanding of these mechanisms should greatly aid in the translational application of bacterial therapy to cancer patients.
High-throughput flow cytometry for drug discovery (2007)

High-throughput flow cytometry exploits a novel many-samples/one-file approach to dramatically speed data acquisition, limit aspirated sample volume to as little as 2 μl/well and produce multisample data sets that facilitate automated analysis of samples in groups as well as individually. It has been successfully applied to both cell- and microsphere-based bioassays in 96- and 384-well formats, to screen tens-of-thousands of compounds and identify novel bioactive structures. High-content multiparametric analysis capabilities have been exploited for assay multiplexing, allowing the assessment of biologic selectivity and specificity to be an integral component of primary screens. These and other advances in the last decade have contributed to the application of flow cytometry as a uniquely powerful tool for probing biologic and chemical diversity and complex systems biology.
Pulmonary Hypertension and Leukosequestration after Lower Torso Ischemia (1987)

Ischemia stimulates thromboxane (Tx) synthesis. This study tests the hypothesis that the cardiopulmonary dysfunction that may follow aortic declamping is related to Tx. Anesthetized dogs (N = 15) were subjected to 4 hours of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. In untreated control animals (N = 7), plasma levels of TxB2 rose from 654 +/- 74 pg/mL to 1238 +/- 585 pg/mL at 5 min (p less than 0.05), and to 3174 +/- 912 pg/mL 3 hours after declamping (p less than 0.05). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) rose 5 min after declamping from 13 +/- 2 mmHg to 21 +/- 2 mmHg (p less than 0.05). Cardiac Index (CI) declined during ischemia from 181 +/- 30 mL/kg.min to 128 +/- 16 mL/min.kg (p less than 0.05), and to 80 +/- 8 mL/min.kg after 4 hours of reperfusion (p less than 0.05). Platelet counts declined but platelets labeled with In 111 did not accumulate in the lungs, whereas quantitative counts of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the lungs 4 hours after declamping yielded 213 +/- 33 PMN/25 high power fields (HPF) in dependent areas of the lung and 153 +/- 26 PMN/25 HPF in nondependent areas. The wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was not elevated, although foci of proteinaceous exudate and PMNs in alveoli were noted. Another group of dogs (N = 8) were pretreated by random choice with the Tx synthase inhibitor OKY-046 2 mg/kg IV every 2 hours, which led to: lower TxB2 levels at baseline 95 +/- 35 pg/mL (p less than 0.05), 5 min after ischemia 140 +/- 93 pg/mL and after 3 hours of reperfusion 122 +/- 36 (p less than 0.05); lower MPAP, 16 +/- 2 mmHg (p less than 0.05); higher CI throughout (p less than 0.05); normal histology and reduced pulmonary PMN sequestration both in dependent 127 +/- 15 PMN/25 HPF and nondependent areas of the lungs 95 +/- 11 PMN/25 HPF (p less than 0.05). In animals undergoing sham ischemia (N = 3), levels of TxB2 and cardiopulmonary function remained unchanged from baseline. There were 150 PMN/25 HPF in dependent and 85 PMN/25 HPF in nondependent lung areas. The results indicate that ischemia-generated Tx mediates a rise in MPAP, a fall in CI, and PMN entrapment in the lungs.
Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Activity of Cyclostellettamine Alkaloids from Sponge Pachychalina sp. (2006)

Cyclostellettamines A – F (1 – 6) isolated from the sponge Pachychalina sp. and cyclostellettamines G - I, K and L (7 – 11) obtained by synthesis were evaluated in bioassays of antimicrobial activity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, as well as in antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv bioassays. The results obtained indicated that cyclostellettamines display different antimicrobial activity depending on the alkyl-chain size, suggesting that, if a mechanism-of action is implied, it is dependent on the distance between the two pyridinium moieties of cyclostellettamines.
Design of potential anti-HIV agents. 1. Mannosidase inhibitors (1989)

A molecular orbital and molecular graphics study of 12 substrates, inhibitors, reaction intermediates, and substrate analogues of alpha-mannosidase was undertaken. The results indicated that potent inhibitors must be good topographical analogues of the mannopyranosyl cation, an intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. Enzyme recognition and strong binding by the inhibitors requires that they contain, as part of their structure, electronegative atoms which are the topographical equivalent of the mannosyl cation C2 and C3 hydroxyl groups and ring heteroatom. The absence of a topographical analogue of the C4 hydroxyl group of the cation appeared to have little effect on the binding and activity of inhibitors. These results have been utilized in the design of potential anti-HIV drugs whose synthesis is now under consideration.
A 0.5–16.3 Gb/s Fully Adaptive Flexible-Reach Transceiver for FPGA in 20 nm CMOS (2015)

This paper describes a 0.5–16.3 Gb/s fully adaptive wireline transceiver embedded in 20 nm CMOS FPGA. The receiver utilizes bandwidth adjustable CTLE and adjustable output capacitance at the AGC to support wide range of channel loss profiles. A modified 11-tap, 1 bit speculative DFE topology provides reliable operation across all data rates. Low-latency digital CDR ensures high tracking bandwidth while still providing flexibility to support multiple protocols. The transceiver uses ring-oscillator with programmable main and cross-coupled inverter drive-strengths to wide range of operating frequency for low data-rate operation. A wide range low jitter LC-PLL utilizes feedback divider with synchronized CMOS down-counter without a prescaler to achieve a continuous divide ratio of 16-257. The clock distribution uses quadrature-error correction circuit to improve phase interpolator linearity. The transceiver achieves BER <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$ < $</tex> </formula> 10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{-15}$</tex> </formula> over a 28 dB loss backplane at 16.3 Gb/s and over legacy channels with 10 G-KR characteristics at 10.3125 Gb/s. The transceiver meets jitter tolerance specifications for both PCIe Gen3 at 8 Gb/s and PCIe Gen4 at 16 Gb/s in both common-clock and spread-spectrum modes.
E-Beam Written Computer Generated Holograms. (1983)

Abstract : This final report describes a three-year research program to investigate computer generated holograms produced by electron beam lithography. Because they are light weight and can create wavefronts of arbitrary complexity, computer generated holograms are attractive for applications such as optical data processing and optical testing. To be practical, these elements must have large space-bandwidth products, and have the qualities of high diffraction efficiency, low scattering, low aberration and low cost, as compared to conventional optics. Developed have been generalized encoding algorithms and fabrication techniques for producing e-beam computer generated holograms having submicron feature sizes, distortion-free resolution of better than 0.4 micron, and space-bandwidth products in excess of 10 to the 7th power. E-beam lithography is superior to optical plotting for writing computer generated holograms and, with further refinement, could be extended to produce holograms having space-bandwidth products as large as 10 to the 11th power, comparing favorably with interferometrically recorded holograms.
New Molecular Targets for Antiepileptic Drugs: alpha2delta, SV2A and Kv7/KCNQ/M Potassium Channels - eScholarship (2008)

Many currently prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) act via voltage-gated sodium channels, through effects on -aminobutyric acid–mediated inhibition, or via voltage-gated calcium channels. Some newer AEDs do not act via these traditional mechanisms. The molecular targets for several of these nontraditional AEDs have been defined using cellular electrophysiology and molecular approaches. Here, we describe three of these targets: 2, auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels through which the gabapentinoids gabapentin and pregabalin exert their anticonvulsant and analgesic actions; SV2A, a ubiquitous synaptic vesicle glycoprotein that may prepare vesicles for fusion and serves as the target for levetiracetam and its analog brivaracetam (which is currently in late-stage clinical development); and Kv7/KCNQ/M potassium channels that mediate the M-current, which acts a brake on repetitive firing and burst generation and serves as the target for the investigational AEDs retigabine and ICA-105665. Functionally, all of the new targets modulate neurotransmitter output at synapses, focusing attention on presynaptic terminals as critical sites of action for AEDs.
Team MIT Urban Challenge Technical Report (2007)

This technical report describes Team MITs approach to theDARPA Urban Challenge. We have developed a novel strategy forusing many inexpensive sensors, mounted on the vehicle periphery,and calibrated with a new cross-­modal calibrationtechnique. Lidar, camera, and radar data streams are processedusing an innovative, locally smooth state representation thatprovides robust perception for real­ time autonomous control. Aresilient planning and control architecture has been developedfor driving in traffic, comprised of an innovative combination ofwell­proven algorithms for mission planning, situationalplanning, situational interpretation, and trajectory control. These innovations are being incorporated in two new roboticvehicles equipped for autonomous driving in urban environments,with extensive testing on a DARPA site visit course. Experimentalresults demonstrate all basic navigation and some basic trafficbehaviors, including unoccupied autonomous driving, lanefollowing using pure-­pursuit control and our local frameperception strategy, obstacle avoidance using kino-­dynamic RRTpath planning, U-­turns, and precedence evaluation amongst othercars at intersections using our situational interpreter. We areworking to extend these approaches to advanced navigation andtraffic scenarios.
ECGSIM: an Interactive Tool for the Study of the Relation between the Electric Activity of the Heart and the QRST Waveforms at the Body Surface (2005)

ECGSIM is an interactive computer program that solves the forward problem of electrocardiology. The user may set the depolarization and repolarization times at the heart surface, as well as the transmembrane potential amplitude. The program computes the resulting ECGs at the body surface. In this way, the effect of changes of the electric activity of the heart on the ECG can be studied. ECGSIM may be downloaded, free of charge, from the web.
A Wireless Electrochemiluminescence Detector Applied to Direct and Indirect Detection for Electrophoresis on a Microfabricated Glass Device (2001)

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detector is\npresented in this article. The detector is applied for\nmicellar electrokinetic chromatographic separation of\ndichlorotris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) hydrate [Ru(bpy)] and dichlorotris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) hydrate [Ru(phen)] on a microfabricated glass device.\nIt consists of a microfabricated “U”-shape floating platinum electrode placed across the separation channel. The\nlegs of the U function respectively as working and counter\nelectrode. The required potential difference for the ECL\nreaction is generated at the Pt electrode by the electric\nfield available in the separation channel during electrophoretic separation. Initial experiments demonstrate a\nmicellar electrokinetic separation and direct ECL detection of 10<sup>-16</sup> mol of Ru(phen) (10<sup>-6</sup> M) and 4.5 × 10<sup>-16</sup>\nmol of Ru(bpy) (5 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M). Also, preliminary results\nshow the indirect detection of three amino acids. The high\nvoltage at the location of detection does not interfere with\nthe electrochemistry.
Developing NZ Food Processing - the Role of the Process Engineer (1991)

New Zealand has long been dependent on its agricultural and horticultural industries and this trend is likely to continue well into the 21st century. But the future of these industries will only be assured if crop selection, and the processing and packaging of the foods, keep pace with the market trends and if the products are competitively priced. Many areas of expertise are involved in the production of a food - beginning with the crop in the soil and finishing with the product on the consumer table - and the New Zealand processing engineer is a common link and a key to the successful enterprise.
Enhanced intramacrophage activity of resorcinomycin A against Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex after liposome encapsulation (1996)

The activities of free and liposomal resorcinomycin A against Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) grown in broth and in murine peritoneal macrophages were evaluated. Liposomal resorcinomycin A was composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol at a molar ratio of 9:1. Both free resorcinomycin A and liposomal resorcinomycin A showed no toxicity to macrophages at concentrations up to 50 micrograms/ml, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of free resorcinomycin A and liposomal resorcinomycin A in broth were 6 and 12 micrograms/ml, respectively, as determined by the MTT colorimetric microassay. In macrophages, liposomal resorcinomycin A caused significantly higher intramacrophage antimycobacterial activity than the free form of the drug. At doses ranging from 6 to 50 micrograms/ml, liposomal resorcinomycin A caused 50 to 93% MAC growth inhibition, respectively (as determined by CFU), while free resorcinomycin A was associated with 33 to 62% MAC growth inhibition, respectively, 3 days after drug treatment. In addition, antimycobacterial activity of liposomal resorcinomycin A in macrophages was maintained 7 days after treatment, whereas the activity of free resorcinomycin A was reduced to negligible 3 days after treatment. In summary, liposome encapsulation of resorcinomycin A resulted in significant enhancement of antibacterial activity against intramacrophagic MAC infection.
Optimization of quasi-three level end-pumped Q-switched lasers (1995)

Equations describing the pump excitation and Q-switched energy extraction of end-pumped, quasi-three level laser systems are collected. A transcendental expression relating the Q-switched laser output energy to the laser's initial gain and cavity transmission which is valid for arbitrary output coupling is derived. This expression simplifies sensitivity and optimization studies of such systems. A first order ordinary differential equation is derived which describes the rod-integrated excited state number density resulting from an arbitrary pump excitation pulse, The equation is valid for both single pass and double pass pump geometries. To illustrate the utility of the collected set of equations an end-pumped joule class, Q-switched Yb:YAG oscillator is optimized and studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensory descriptive analysis of the aroma of hydrolysed precursor fractions from semillon, chardonnay and sauvignon blanc grape juices (1992)

Abstract The aroma properties of hydrolysed glycosidic precursors from Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay grape juices were investigated in a neutral wine medium using sensory descriptive analysis. The glycosidic fractions were hydrolysed by acid catalysis in the presence or absence of ethanol, by glycosidase enzyme action, or by a sequence of glycosidase and acid treatments. Wines made from the Chardonnay and Semillon juices were also assessed. Sensory difference tests showed that samples from each variety for each treatment were distinct, except the hydrolysates prepared enzymically from Semillon and Chardonnay. The aroma of each acid hydrolysate was distinguishable from the neutral wine by enhanced intensity of the attributes honey, tea, lime and floral. Enzyme treatment of the glycosides from Sauvignon Blanc gave a hydrolysate with aroma properties similar to those of the corresponding acid hydrolysate, but with less intense tea, oak and honey attributes. The treatment consisting of enzyme followed by acid hydrolysis produced an artefact, apparently due to degradation of the added enzyme. Aroma attributes that characterise Chardonnay and Semillon wines were also aromas perceived in the hydrolysed precursor samples, indicating that grape precursors on hydrolysis contribute to and enhance these key aromas in the wines.
Effective relationship-based practice: A theoretical exploration (2003)

The University of Gloucestershire has a vibrant academic community where creative research and cutting-edge scholarship are conducted at a high level. Our learning-led environment enables research to thrive, providing the best support for students.
Update on Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, anti-nuclear associated anti-neutrophil antibodies and antibodies to exocrine pancreas detected by indirect immunofluorescence as biomarkers in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: Results of a multicenter study (2007)

ASCA and PAB detected by IIF are specific markers for CrD although their presence does not rule out a possible active CoD. The combination of ASCA, NANA and PAB tests improves the sensitivity of immunological markers for CrD. Repeating ASCA, NANA, and PAB testing during the course of CrD has no clinical value.