gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Changes in the practice of nursing in the 30s]. (2002)

This report belongs to the research line "The professional practice and identity building of the Brazilian Nurse", developed by a group registered at the CNPq and Research Center of History of Brazilian Nursing (Nuphebras) of the School of Nursing Anna Nery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The objectives of this study are: correlate the institutional changes of Nursing in the Brazilian society of that time to the accentuated political and economical transition of the country; analyze the effects of those institutional changes in the nurse's labor market and in the characteristics of nursing practice; discuss the new articulation forms of nursing with other social practices inside the area of health. National public health nursing, in order to accompany the enlargement of the bureaucratic State, expanded and modified. At the same time, in a context of a protectionist policy to the worker, an incentive policy to the opening of new, public and private hospitals, was developed, although Nursing services of those institutions were not organized according to the patterns that characterized the modern Nursing. Thus, the practice of Nursing in the 30's is characterized as the beginning of the transition of a model of urban public health to a model of hospital assistance.
β-Lactam Resistance in <i>Haemophilus parasuis</i> Is Mediated by Plasmid pB1000 Bearing <i>bla</i> <sub>ROB-1</sub> (2007)

beta-Lactam resistance in Haemophilus parasuis is an emerging phenomenon that has not yet been characterized from a molecular perspective. Clinical high-level beta-lactam-resistant isolates from Spain bore a novel plasmid, pB1000, expressing a functionally active ROB-1 beta-lactamase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was applied for the first time to H. parasuis and showed that beta-lactam resistance is due to clonal spread of a resistant strain, BB1018, bearing pB1000.
Tonka’s Voice: Narrative Perspective and the Desire for Silence in Robert Musil’s Early Novella (2020)

I read Robert Musil’s intimate autobiographical novella “Tonka” within linguistic history to show how the novella undermines the increasingly monolingual identity replacing possible multilingual identities within the late Austrian Empire. Through the novella’s criticism of speech and Musil’s complex use of psycho-narration, Tonka’s identity can be understood beyond the silence desired by her lover – not least because of her Czech bilingualism. The novella even blames Tonka’s death on his inability to accept her as an equal interlocutor, and I suggest the death of Tonka reveals Musil’s mourning for a lost multilingual German identity – something valuable and uniquely Habsburgian.
Nondiabetic older adults with untreated hypertension in Taiwan: Treatment implication in elderly hypertension (2011)

Hypertension is common and often left undiagnosed in the elderly. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of nondiabetic hypertensive older adults. Community-living older adults in Taipei City participating in annual health examinations were invited for study. Subjects with diabetes mellitus, whether treated or newly diagnosed, were excluded for further analysis. All participants were classified into three groups: normotension, untreated hypertension (UH), and treated hypertension (TH). In total, 3244 subjects (mean age: 73.4 ± 5.4 years, 56.2% males) were enrolled. The prevalence of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was 52.9% (36.1% TH and 16.8% UH), 20.9%, and 6.2%, respectively. Compared with the normotension group, UH subjects were older (73.8 ± 5.5 years vs. 72.9 ± 5.6 years, p = 0.003); having higher body mass index (24.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2 vs. 23.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2, p = 0.001), fasting glucose (101.7 ± 9.1 mg/dL vs. 100.5 ± 9.0 mg/dL, p = 0.007), total cholesterol (TC) (205.0 ± 37.8 mg/dL vs. 196.5 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (134.5 ± 84.9 mg/dL vs. 119.4 ± 77.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001); and higher prevalence of overt proteinuria (19.3% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.001), CKD (21.1% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.025), and LVH (8.1% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). However, the prevalence of overt proteinuria (19.3% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.378) and LVH (8.1% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.79) between UH and TH groups was similar. Adjusted for age, TC, TG, fasting plasma glucose, and the incidence of LVH, both UH [odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.66, p = 0.040] and TH (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.39–2.05, p < 0.001) were significant risk factor for CKD. In addition, independent risk factors for CKD included age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.05–1.09, p < 0.001), body mass index (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04–1.10, p < 0.001), TC (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.001–1.005, p = 0.021), TG (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001–1.003, p < 0.001), and hypertension (TH or UH) (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.20–1.72, p < 0.001). In conclusion, risk of CKD existing along with blood pressure rises among nondiabetic older hypertensive adults, and hypertension (TH or UH) carries a significant risk of CKD after adjustment of other cardiovascular risk factors. Renal protection should be highlighted in the antihypertensive treatment strategy in older hypertensive patients.
Evaluation of Valproic Acid (VPA) Developmental Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics in Sprague—Dawley Rats (1988)

Evaluation of Valproic Acid (VPA) Developmental Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley Rats.BINKERD, P. E., ROWLAND, J. M., NAU, H., and HENDRICKX, A. G. (1988). Fundam Appl. Toxicol . 11, 485—493. This study was undertaken to assess the pharma cokinetics and developmental toxicity of the anticonvulsant, valproic acid (VPA), a human teratogen, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral administration of 200-800 mg/kg VPA (5-20X human 3 therapeutic dose) from Gestational Days (GD) 8 to 17 resulted in increasing maternal toxicity at the higher doses with 100% maternal lethality at 800 mg/kg. Although there was an increased incidence of resorptions at 600 mg/kg (48 ± 43%) compared to controls (18 ± 24%), it was not statistically significant. Fetal examination on GD 20 revealed dose-dependent fetal growth retardation (p ≤ 0.05) as evidenced by decreased fetal weight and length in addition to underossi-fication of both the axial and appendicular skeleton. The incidence of skeletal defects, including abnormal vertebrae, ribs, and craniofacial dysmorphia, also increased with higher doses of VPA. Cardiac anomalies observed in the two highest treatment groups consisted of great vessel malformations with or without associated ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Urogenital defects were 3 also noted in the 600 mg/kg group. The plasma elimination half-life on GD 8 was 1.0 ± 0.3 hr at 200 mg/kg and 2.3 ± 0.7 hr at 600 mg/kg. Maximal concentrations of total and free drug were 341 ± 18 μg/ml and 181 ± 11 μg/ml, respectively, in the low-dose group and 911 ± 379 μg/ml and 542 ± 224 μ%/ml in the high-dose group. No significant changes in any pharmacokinetic 3 parameters (t1/2, AUC, C max , t max ) were observed over the 10-day treatment period at either dose level.
Comparison of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Trastuzumab: A Phase I/Ib Trial in Healthy Male Volunteers and Patients With HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer (2012)

Trastuzumab is a key component of treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer in both the early and metastatic settings. It is administered intravenously, with between 17 and 52 infusions in standard regimens over 1 year. Intravenous administration of trastuzumab requires substantial time commitments for patients and health care professionals and can result in patient discomfort. A subcutaneous formulation of trastuzumab, containing recombinant human hyaluronidase to overcome subcutaneous absorption barriers, would reduce the administration duration and remove the need to establish intravenous access, thus improving the overall convenience of trastuzumab administration. This open-label, 2-part, phase I/Ib study (NCT00800436) was undertaken in healthy male volunteers and female patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer to identify the dose of subcutaneous trastuzumab that resulted in exposure comparable with the approved intravenous trastuzumab dose. A subcutaneous trastuzumab dose of 8 mg/kg was found to result in exposure comparable with the intravenous trastuzumab dose of 6 mg/kg. The subcutaneous formulation was well tolerated, with a trend toward fewer adverse events versus intravenous administration; most adverse events were mild in intensity. These results support an ongoing phase III efficacy and safety study comparing a fixed subcutaneous trastuzumab dose with intravenous trastuzumab administration.
Change-aware preemption prioritization (2011)

Successful software evolves as developers add more features, respond to requirements changes, and fix faults. Regression testing is widely used for ensuring the validity of evolving software. As regression test suites grow over time, it becomes expensive to execute them. The problem is exacerbated when test suites contain multithreaded tests. These tests are generally long running as they explore many different thread schedules searching for concurrency faults such as dataraces, atomicity violations, and deadlocks. While many techniques have been proposed for regression test prioritization, selection, and minimization for sequential tests, there is not much work for multithreaded code.
REVIEW OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES AND TRANSPORT MODELS (1981)

Abstract After a brief introduction to membrane processes in general, and the reverse osmosis process in particular, the structure and properties of membranes and membrane transport theory are described. The mechanism of salt rejection and transport properties of membranes are discussed in detail. Solubility, diffusivity, and permeability of membranes to solutes and solvents are reviewed critically and compared with each other. Special attention is given to two particular types of membranes, cellulose acetate (CA) and aromatic polyamide (AP) membranes, which are often used for water desalination. The major portion of this article is devoted to the review and discussion of membrane transport theory with application to the reverse osmosis and ultrafiltralion processes. It is shown that the solvent flux can be represented reasonably well by linear models such as the solution-diffusion model (Lonsdale, et al., 1965). The contribution of pore flow to the solvent flux is small. The solute flux, however, is not linearly dependent on the driving forces and one has to solve the differential equation of transport within the membrane which results in models such as the Spiegler-Kedem (1966) or the finely-porous (Merten, 1966) models. When the wall Peclet number is small, Pew =uτδ/Dsw ≪1, (Dsw = bDe one can linearize the nonlinear models. This requirement is not satisfied in most practical cases. Furthermore, the pore flow has significant effect on the solute flux equation and thus it can not be neglected. The ambiguities that exist in the literature concerning the types of fluxes are discussed. The fluxes used in models derived from irreversible thermodynamics are purely diffusive (concentration and pressure diffusion) and they do not contain any convective effects; whereas the experimentally observed fluxes are the total fluxes with respect to the membrane which consist of a diffusive flux and a convective flux. A new model, based on irreversible thermodynamics, is derived which includes a convective term. A membrane model is especially useful when the transport coefficients which define the model are not functions of the driving forces, i.e., pressure and concentration gradients. The coefficients in the solution diffusion and sotution-diffusion-imperfection (Sherwood, et al., 1967) models are functions of both pressure and concentration, while the coefficients in the Kedem-Katchalsky (1958) model are relatively insensitive to pressure and concentration. The nonlinear model of Spiegler-Kedem (1966) further improves the Kedem-Katchalsky model.
Role of OPG/RANKL/RANK axis on the vasculature. (2008)

Vascular calcification, a degenerative process considered in the past to be a passive procedure, has now been suggested to be related to ossification. Many proteins responsible for bone formation have been identified on the arterial wall. The OPG/RANKL/RANK axis, responsible for ossification and bone mineralization, seems to play a major role in vasculature and atherosclerosis. Mice lacking OPG gene present osteoporosis and arterial calcification, while overexpression of OPG gene leads to osteopetrosis. In the present review the latest knowledge related to the effects of the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis on vasculature, including atherosclerosis, will be analyzed. The clinical significance of circulating OPG and RANKL levels in vascular diseases will also be referred.
Hypnotic involuntariness: A social cognitive analysis. (1990)

A framework for understanding involuntary experiences that draws from social psychological and cognitive perspectives on hypnotic responding is presented
MoviExplain (2009)

Providing justification to a recommendation gives credibility to a recommender system. Some recommender systems (Amazon.com etc.) try to explain their recommendations, in an effort to regain customer acceptance and trust. But their explanations are poor, because they are based solely on rating data, ignoring the content data. Our prototype system MoviExplain is a movie recommender system that provides both accurate and justifiable recommendations.
The Veterans Administration Pharmacist (1947)

Journal Article The Veterans Administration Pharmacist Get access Eddie Wolfe Eddie Wolfe Chief Pharmacist Mt. Alto Veterans Hospital Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Volume 4, Issue 4, 1 August 1947, Pages 156–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/4.4.156 Published: 01 August 1947
Modulation of the formation of the human amplification C3 convertase of complement by polycations. (1983)

Neutralization of the negative charges of heparin by polycations in the fluid phase suppressed the inhibitory effect of heparin on the generation of the C3b-dependent amplification convertase of complement C3b,Bb. Polymeric polycations alone, whether natural or synthetic, prevented formation of the cell-bound amplification convertase and of the fluid-phase interaction of C3b, B and D, in a dose-related fashion in the concentration range of 1 to 2 X 10(-8)M for poly-L-lysine (PLL) 50,000. The inhibitory effect of PLL on formation of the cell-bound convertase was independent of the presence of P. Percent inhibition of C3b,Bb,P and C3b,B,P formation was constant when the convertases were formed with a fixed concentration of PLL and increasing amounts of B; PLL was more effective in preventing convertase formation on cells bearing low numbers of C3b and developed with high doses of B. The decay of the preformed P stabilized convertase was not altered by PLL whether in the presence or absence of H. Thus, polycations in the fluid phase specifically inhibit formation of the amplification C3 convertase by preventing the association between C3b and B, most likely by acting on C3b. The low-affinity interaction between C3b and B is a privileged site for natural or pharmacological modulation of complement by polyelectrolytes.
Calmodulin Is an Auxiliary Subunit of KCNQ2/3 Potassium Channels (2002)

Calmodulin (CaM) was identified as a KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channel-binding protein, using a yeast two-hybrid screen. CaM is tethered constitutively to the channel, in the absence or presence of Ca2+, in transfected cells and also coimmunoprecipitates with KCNQ2/3 from mouse brain. The structural elements critical for CaM binding to KCNQ2 lie in two conserved motifs in the proximal half of the channel C-terminal domain. Truncations and point mutations in these two motifs disrupt the interaction. The first CaM-binding motif has a sequence that conforms partially to the consensus IQ motif, but both wild-type CaM and a Ca2+-insensitive CaM mutant bind to KCNQ2. The voltage-dependent activation of the KCNQ2/3 channel also shows no Ca2+ sensitivity, nor is it affected by overexpression of the Ca2+-insensitive CaM mutant. On the other hand, KCNQ2 mutants deficient in CaM binding are unable to generate detectable currents when coexpressed with KCNQ3 in CHO cells, although they are expressed and targeted to the cell membrane and retain the ability to assemble with KCNQ3. A fusion protein containing both of the KCNQ2 CaM-binding motifs competes with the full-length KCNQ2 channel for CaM binding and decreases KCNQ2/3 current density in CHO cells. The correlation of CaM binding with channel function suggests that CaM is an auxiliary subunit of the KCNQ2/3 channel.
Application of LDL-apheresis and immunoadsorption in kidney diseases. (2004)

Plasmapheresis is one of the methods of extracorporeal blood purification used for many decades for the treatment of different kidney and extrarenal diseases, mainly of autoimmunological nature. The main disadvantage of this method is the lack of selectivity and the risk of infections associated with plasma used for supplementation. Hence, the efforts are made to establish an alternative blood purification treatment that might be used in renal diseases instead of plasmapheresis. These alternative methods should be more selective in certain pathogenic factors elimination and result in less risk for patient, both acute and delayed. Recently two such methods were applied more frequently to everyday nephrological practice, i.e. LDL-apheresis and immunoadsorption. The present paper aims to review the current state of knowledge regarding use of two mentioned methods in kidney diseases. Despite their very high costs both of them if used early in certain, refractory nephropathies may ameliorate their clinical course and significantly improve the prognosis. In addition they may significantly reduce the overall costs of therapy due to avoidance of unnecessary immunosuppression, prolonged hospitalization and finally--costs of postponed renal replacement therapy.
The complete development in vitro of the vertebrate phase of the mammalian malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei (1987)

All three 'vertebrate' stages of the rodent malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei berghei were grown in vitro in the absence of the vertebrate host. The parasite was introduced into culture from infected mosquitoes and 2 in vitro culture methods were used sequentially to complete the 'vertebrate' phases of development in hepatoma and erythrocyte host cells. The resultant blood infection produced mature schizonts and male and female gametocytes. The protocol, which is now being extended to the human pathogen P. falciparum, may assist future studies on this important group of parasites.
Multiple Fracture Stimulation Using Controlled Pulse Pressurization (1984)

Tight oil and gas reservoirs often require stimulation in order to make economic exploitation possible. Tailored pulse loading, usually by downhole use of propellants or explosives, has been studied as a means of improving production in these reservoirs. This paper presents an overview of the first year's effort on a three-year combined theoretical-experimental research program to develop a systematic understanding of the tailored pulse loading/fracturing phenomena. The project is designed to address the sensitivity of multiple fracture initiation and propagation to rock and fluid properties and pressurization history. The results will ultimately contribute to the design procedures for field applications.
Criminal justice curricula in the united states: An examination of baccalaureate programs, 1988–1989 (1991)

The status of baccalaureate criminal justice education is examined by using a stratified random sample of all criminal justice programs in the United States. The study was designed and conducted to provide an empirical basis for evaluating current baccalaureate degree criminal justice programs in the nation and within and among the regions. The curricula of the sample programs are examined and compared by region. The specific course requirements in the sample baccalaureate curricula and the criminal justice courses offered by the sample programs during academic year 1987–1988 are examined. The current status of the baccalaureate criminal justice curriculum in the nation is discussed.
Differences in interleukin-6 gene expression between cultured human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes. (1995)

These results demonstrate that both IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha could induce keratocytes to produce nanogram levels of IL-6 but IL-1 alpha was a 30-fold more effective inducer. In contrast, neither cytokine could stimulate epithelial cells to make more than picogram quantities of IL-6. The abundant IL-6 synthesized by keratocytes may promote various activities including specific immune responses in surrounding lymphoid tissues.
Palladium-Catalyzed C−H Homocoupling of Thiophenes:  Facile Construction of Bithiophene Structure (2004)

Palladium-catalyzed C-H homocoupling of thiophene derivatives takes place in the presence of silver(I) fluoride or acetate. A variety of bithiophenes are obtained in good to excellent yields. In particular, the reaction of 2-bromothiophene proceeds at room temperature to afford 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene, where the bromine atom is completely intact in the palladium-catalyzed reaction. XRD analysis reveals that silver fluoride is reduced to silver(0) during the reaction.
Molecular moulds with multiple missions: Functional sites in three‐finger toxins (2002)

1. Snake venoms are complex mixtures of pharmacologically active peptides and proteins. 2. These protein toxins belong to a small number of superfamilies of proteins. The present review describes structure-function relationships of three-finger toxins. 3. All toxins share a common structure of three beta-stranded loops extending from a central core. However, they bind to different receptors/acceptors and exhibit a wide variety of biological effects. 4. Thus, the structure-function relationships of this group of toxins are complicated and challenging. 5. Studies have shown that the functional sites in these "sibling" toxins are located on various segments of the molecular surface.
Dynamics of Coherent Anharmonic Phonons in Bismuth Using High Density Photoexcitation (2002)

We have investigated the dynamical properties of the coherent anharmonic phonons generated in Bi under high density excitation. The time-resolved reflectivity in the intensely photoexcited Bi film is modulated by the coherent A(1g) phonon oscillation with a time-dependent oscillation period. As the pump power density is increased, the line shape of the A(1g) mode in the Fourier transformed spectra becomes asymmetric, and the redshift of the phonon frequency is observed. Analysis of the transient redshift with a wavelet transform reveals that the frequency of the A(1g) mode depends on the squared amplitude of the oscillation, which is attributed to an anharmonicity of the lattice potential.
Kinetic Model and Simulation for Chemical Amplification Resists (1990)

A kinetic model for chemical amplification resist systems is proposed. This model consists of photoacid generation step and acid‐catalyzed reactions promoted by both photon and thermal energy. A three‐component negative resist SAL601 (Shipley), exposed to a excimer laser, is investigated to determine validity of the model. Assuming simple dissolution characteristics, the model can well explain the exposure dose and postexposure baking condition dependence of the cross‐linking and photoabsorption characteristics of this resist. Application of the model to resist profile simulation is also presented. The simulated resist profiles show good agreement with actual resist profiles formed by an excimer laser projection.