gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A position sensor with laser beam scan which detects 3-D points extracted by image differentiation function. (1989)

This research deals with an active three-dimensional position sensor with laser beam. The sensor has a unique function of differentiation processing of a linear image to extract only the points to be detected at which luminous intensity changes. Since it is composed of a linear image sensor and a one-dimensional PSD, both with high resolution, it is designated to be of high speed and accuracy.In the present paper, the structure of the sensor and the sensing mechanism with image processing are described and a signal processing circuit to improve the accuracy of position detection is considered. Finally, the sensor is installed as a vision to a manipulator, to detect points on a stair-shaped object.
Effects of structural modifications of anti-tumour antibiotics luzopeptins on cell growth and macromolecule biosynthesis. (1986)

Luzopeptin analogues, A, B and C (in decreasing degree of acetylation) were active, less active and inactive, respectively, against several animal tumour models. All bound to isolated DNA avidly. The present studies with cultured Novikoff hepatoma cells showed that luzopeptins A, B and C were inhibitory, less inhibitory and ineffective, respectively, on cell colony formation ability and whole-cell DNA and RNA synthesis. RNA synthesis was more sensitive than DNA synthesis to luzopeptins A and B. All had no direct effect on protein synthesis. All inhibited the DNA and RNA syntheses of isolated nuclei and luzopeptins B and C were slightly more active than luzopeptin A inhibition of RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei. All similarly inhibited DNA polymerase activity in vitro, but luzopeptin C was more active against RNA polymerase activity in vitro. It is concluded that luzopeptin cytotoxicity probably resulted from inhibition of DNA and RNA biosynthesis. Because all analogues bound avidly to isolated DNA and inhibited its functions, the differential anti-tumour activity may be attributed to the differential ability of these luzopeptins to traverse the cell membrane and, to some extent, other intracellular barriers. This probably is a result of difference in acetylation, resulting in differences in hydrophobicity.
The latent image (1950)

An ordinary photographic negative appears to the unaided eye as a series of smooth density values which may either gradually merge one into the other or meet one another along sharply defined lines. If such a negative be greatly enlarged one can see that the image at each point is not smooth but has structure and that lines which appeared sharp are really diffuse. The series of developed images illustrates, by successive stages of magnification, the transition from the familiar smoothedover negative image to the microscopic granular image comprised of a haphazard distribution of discrete silver grains. It is thus the individual grain that is the seat of the photographic process and the latent image problem is concerned with the photochemical process that occurs in the individual grains of the emulsion during exposure to light and prior to development.
A Critical Analysis of Neural Buddhism's Explanation of Moral Transformation (2015)

As non-theistic arguments for morality become increasingly sophisticated and complex, they are harder to criticize without first admiring their skillful design and near-artistry. One such argument involves a relatively new innovation that is the child of naturalism and eastern philosophy—Neural Buddhism. Like two world-renowned designers collaborating on a new garment, Naturalism and Buddhism have come together in this distinct program to offer something inventive, especially in its explanation of moral transformation. However, this critical analysis will ultimately reveal that Neural Buddhism’s explanation of moral transformation is incapable of providing good answers to several compelling criticisms.
Temperature dependence of current gains in highC-doped base HBTs (1994)

The temperature dependencies of current gain are investigated in both AlGaAs/GaAs and InGaP/GaAs HBTs. Various Npn HBT structures with high C-doped bases, grown by MOCVD, have been fabricated with identical processing steps. Measured results show that base bulk recombination current plays an important role in maintaining the current gain at high temperature. In addition it is shown that both space-charge and surface recombination currents are the cause of current gain reduction with temperature.
Small obstacle detection using stereo vision for autonomous ground vehicle (2017)

Small and medium sized obstacles such as rocks, small boulders, bricks left unattended on the road can pose hazards for autonomous as well as human driving situations. Many times these objects are too small on the road and go unnoticed on depth and point cloud maps obtained from state of the art range sensors such as 3D LIDAR. We propose a novel algorithm that fuses both appearance and 3D cues such as image gradients, curvature potentials and depth variance into a Markov Random Field (MRF) formulation that segments the scene into obstacle and non obstacle regions. Appearance and depth data obtained from a ZED stereo pair mounted on a Husky robot is used for this purpose. While identifying true positive obstacles such as rocks, large stones accurately our algorithm is simultaneously robust to false positive sources such as appearance changes on the road, papers and road markings. High accuracy detection in challenging scenes such as when the foreground obstacle blends with the background road scene vindicates the efficacy of the proposed formulation.
The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (1998)

We conservatively estimate that 731100 first-ever or recurrent strokes occurred in the United States during 1996. Studies of first-ever as well as total stroke among biracial and representative populations are critical for understanding temporal trends in the incidence rate and the burden of stroke in the US population.
pol mutations conferring zidovudine and didanosine resistance with different effects in vitro yield multiply resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in vivo (1993)

Specific mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene that cause zidovudine (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine; AZT) and didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine; ddI) resistance were studied. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of nucleosides for cloned viruses containing these mutations were compared with the IC50s of the corresponding triphosphate analogs for mutant recombinant-expressed reverse transcriptases (RTs). Changes in ddATP inhibition of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity fully accounted for the ddI resistance of the virus caused by a Leu-74-->Val substitution in RT, including an augmentation by the AZT-selected substitutions Thr-215-->Tyr and Lys-219-->Gln in RT. In contrast, the AZT-selected substitutions studied did not cause as great a change in the IC50 of AZT-triphosphate (AZT-TP) for polymerase as they did in the IC50 of AZT for mutant virus. In addition, the mutation at codon 74 suppressed AZT resistance in the virus caused by the mutations at codons 215 and 219 but did not suppress the AZT-TP resistance of enzyme containing these same mutations in RT. The mutation at codon 74 was found in clinical isolates whether or not the patient had received AZT prior to starting ddI therapy. AZT resistance coexisted with ddI resistance following acquisition of Leu-74-->Val in three clinical isolates, indicating that the suppressive effect of Val-74 on the AZT resistance of the virus does not occur in all genetic contexts. When this suppression of AZT resistance was seen in the virus, Val-74 did not appear to cause mutually exclusive changes in AZT-TP and ddATP binding to RT in vitro. The results of the in vitro experiments and characterization of clinical isolates suggest that there are differences in the functional effects of these AZT and ddI resistance mutations.
History of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry, Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, and Ocean Acidification (2012)

Humans are continuing to add vast amounts of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere through fossil fuel burning and other activities. A large fraction of the CO 2 is taken up by the oceans in a process that lowers ocean pH and carbonate mineral saturation state. This effect has potentially serious consequences for marine life, which are, however, difficult to predict. One approach to address the issue is to study the geologic record, which may provide clues about what the future holds for ocean chemistry and marine organisms. This article reviews basic controls on ocean carbonate chemistry on different timescales and examines past ocean chemistry changes and ocean acidification events during various geologic eras. The results allow evaluation of the current anthropogenic perturbation in the context of Earth's history. It appears that the ocean acidification event that humans are expected to cause is unprecedented in the geologic past, for which sufficiently well-preserved records are available.
A facile approach to multicolored electrochromic triarylamine-based thermoset epoxy materials with tunable intervalence charge transfer behavior (2013)

By a facile curing reaction, novel electrochromic triarylamine-based thermosetting epoxy materials could be readily prepared for the first time. The resulting multielectrochromic epoxy materials exhibited good electrochemical stability and large optical changes in transmittance between their bleached and colored states with tunable intervalence charge transfer behavior.
A Simple and Green Route for Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Selective Colorimetric Detection of Cysteine (2015)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized at room temperature following a simple, rapid, and green route using fresh-squeezed apple juice as a reducing reagent. The optimal AuNPs, based on the particle color, stability, and color change suitable for colorimetric detection of cysteine (Cys), are synthesized using 5 mL of 10% apple juice, 1 mL of 10 mM gold precursor solution, and 1 mL of 0.1 M NaOH. Under this set of parameters, the AuNPs are synthesized within 30 min at room temperature. The average size (11.1 ± 3.2 nm) and ζ potential (-36.5 mV) of the AuNPs synthesized were similar to those of AuNPs prepared via the conventional citrate-reduction method. In the presence of Cys, unlike with any other amino acid, the AuNPs aggregated, possibly due to the gold-sulfur covalent interaction, yielding red-to-purple color change of the sample solution. The red-shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance peak of the AuNPs responsible for the color change was recorded by UV-vis spectrometer. The effect of other potential interferents such as glucose, ascorbic acid, K(+) , Na(+) , Ca(2+) , Zn(2+) , Ag(+) , Ni(2+) , Cu(2+) , Co(2+) , and Hg(2+) were also examined. The results show that AuNPs can be used to selectively detect and measure Cys with a linear dependency in the range of 2 to 100 μM and a limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio > 3) of 50 nM. The results suggest that the green-synthesized AuNPs are useful for simple, rapid, and sensitive colorimetric detection of Cys, which is an essential amino acid in food and biological systems.
Coherence Analysis between ECG Signal and EEG Signal (2010)

This paper presents the degree of association or coupling of frequency spectra between the ECG and EEG signals at a particular frequency. Coherence is often interpreted as a measure of ‘coupling ’ and as a measure of a functional association (relationship) between two signals (ECG Signal and EEG Signal). An electrocardiogram or ECG is an electrical recording of the heart and is used in the investigation of heart disease. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic tracing of the electric current generated by the heart muscle during a heartbeat. It has been used extensively in medicine sine its inventions in the early 1900’s and has been proven to be invaluable in various diagnostics applications and clinical applications. An EEG Signal reflects the electrical activity of human brain. EEG signals arises from the fact that these
Skin surface temperature: a possible new outcome measure for skin and soft tissue infection. (2013)

Skin surface temperature may hold a useful role in the management of SSTI.
Tunable Curvature of Large Visible CMOS Image Sensors: Towards New Optical Functions and System Miniaturization (2016)

Since few years, there has been an increasing interest and demand for foldable, stretchable and flexible electronics for different application areas, such as defense/military, astronomy, meteorology, medicine, biotechnologies and consumer applications. In this work, we propose a new packaging development on tunable curvature of CMOS image sensors. First, based on an existing fisheye design, the optical benefits of a Tunable Curved Focal Plane Array (T-CFPA) are detailed and quantified. T-CFPA technology allows to compensate for the Petzval Field Curvature Aberration (FCA) and drastically simplifies the optical design (by saving up to 35% of the number of required optical surfaces). Our CMOS sensor curving process is introduced to highlight new packaging constraints in comparison to conventional CMOS image sensors. Mechanical and thermomechanical Finite Element Analyses (FEA) have been performed to define, understand and optimize the T-CFPA packaging while curving. Using 3D-printing fast prototyping, T-CFPA prototypes have been realized. Thanks to topology characterizations, we proved that our packaging approach for T-CFPA is compatible with spherical shape curving. Moreover, the +∞ to 280 mm radius range capability was shown on a 100 μm thick, 20*23 mm CMOS image sensor prototype.
Influence of Wellbore Hydraulics on Pressure Behavior and Productivity of Horizontal Gas Wells (1994)

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of wellbore hydraulics on the pressure behavior and productivity of horizontal gas-wells. The semi-analytical model used to investigate the effect of wellbore hydraulics, couples gas flow in the reservoir and in the wellbore by utilizing the real gas-pseudopressure function. Pressure and flux distributions along the well are investigated. Conditions under which wellbore hydraulics manifests its effect on the pressure behavior and the productivity of horizontal gas-wells are documented. It is shown that pressure losses in the horizontal section of the well are composed of friction and acceleration losses and the two constituents are interrelated. It is shown that most of the gas enters the wellbore around the heel (the producing end) of the horizontal well and therefore measures must be taken to reduce any flow-impediment around the heel of the well. Two examples are presented to show that the utility of the model developed in this study.
An FT-Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Dentin and Collagen Surfaces Modified by 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (1997)

Although 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) is commonly used for adhesive bonding to dentin, its role in promoting adhesion is not completely understood. Here, we use FT-Raman spectroscopy to elucidate further the nature of the interaction of HEMA with dentin. Ground dentin was exposed to 2.5% (w/w) nitric acid, washed, dried in air, and treated with HEMA. The samples were then sequentially washed with distilled water, with FT-Raman spectra being obtained after different wash times. Hydroxyapatite and bovine type I collagen were similarly treated with HEMA except for the acid exposure. The FT-Raman spectra of these samples were also recorded. The spectra of HEMA-treated water-washed dentin and collagen revealed the following changes: (1) The band intensities of HEMA absorbed on dentin and collagen decreased with increasing wash times (2) the nu(C=O) and nu(CCO) modes of HEMA at 1718 and 607 cm-1, respectively, either disappeared or decreased after extensive washing; (3) the nu (C=C) (1640 cm-1) and delta (=CH2), (1403 cm-1) bands exhibited minor variations in band position and relative intensity. These results demonstrate that HEMA interacts with dentin both physically and chemically. The chemical interaction can be interpreted by either hydrogen bonding or the formation of a new bond to the ester group of HEMA.
DISSECT Method Using PNA-LNA Clamp Improves Detection of EGFR T790m Mutation (2013)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with small molecule EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib, frequently develop drug resistance due to the presence of secondary mutations like the T790M mutation on EGFR exon 20. These mutations may originate from small subclonal populations in the primary tumor that become dominant later on during treatment. In order to detect these low-level DNA variations in the primary tumor or to monitor their progress in plasma, it is important to apply reliable and sensitive mutation detection methods. Here, we combine two recently developed methodologies, Differential Strand Separation at Critical Temperature (DISSECT), with peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid (PNA-LNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T790M EGFR mutation. DISSECT pre-enriches low-abundance T790M EGFR mutations from target DNA prior to implementing PNA-LNA PCR, a method that can detect 1 mutant allele in a background of 100-1000 wild type alleles. The combination of DISSECT and PNA-LNA PCR enables the detection of 1 mutant allele in a background of 10,000 wild type alleles. The combined DISSECT-PNA-LNA PCR methodology is amenable to adaptation for the sensitive detection of additional emerging resistance mutations in cancer.
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and Lysophosphatidylcholine Are Ligands for the G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR4 (2001)

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are bioactive lipid molecules involved in numerous biological processes. We have recently identified ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) as a specific and high affinity receptor for SPC, and G2A as a receptor with high affinity for LPC, but low affinity for SPC. Among G protein-coupled receptors, GPR4 shares highest sequence homology with OGR1 (51%). In this work, we have identified GPR4 as not only another high affinity receptor for SPC, but also a receptor for LPC, albeit of lower affinity. Both SPC and LPC induce increases in intracellular calcium concentration in GPR4-, but not vector-transfected MCF10A cells. These effects are insensitive to treatment with BN52021, WEB-2170, and WEB-2086 (specific platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists), suggesting that they are not mediated through an endogenous PAF receptor. SPC and LPC bind to GPR4 in GPR4-transfected CHO cells with K(d)/SPC = 36 nm, and K(d)/LPC = 159 nm, respectively. Competitive binding is elicited only by SPC and LPC. Both SPC and LPC activate GPR4-dependent activation of serum response element reporter and receptor internalization. Swiss 3T3 cells expressing GPR4 respond to both SPC and LPC, but not sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), PAF, psychosine (Psy), glucosyl-beta1'1-sphingosine (Glu-Sph), galactosyl-beta1'1-ceramide (Gal-Cer), or lactosyl-beta1'1-ceramide (Lac-Cer) to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. SPC and LPC stimulate DNA synthesis in GPR4-expressing Swiss 3T3 cells. Both extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and DNA synthesis stimulated by SPC and LPC are pertussis toxin-sensitive, suggesting the involvement of a G(i)-heterotrimeric G protein. In addition, GPR4 expression confers chemotactic responses to both SPC and LPC in Swiss 3T3 cells. Taken together, our data indicate that GPR4 is a receptor with high affinity to SPC and low affinity to LPC, and that multiple cellular functions can be transduced via this receptor.
A 289 MFLOPS single-chip supercomputer (2003)

Reports on a single-chip supercomputer vector processing unit (VPU) which achieves peak performance of 149 MFLOPS for double-precision operation and 289 MFLOPS for single-precision operation with 560 MB/s bus bandwidth at 70 MHz. The VPU chip, fabricated using 0.5- mu m CMOS triple-metal-layer technology, contains about 1.5 million transistors on a 15.75*16.00 mm/sup 2/ die. The VPU uses a single instruction-stream multiple data-stream (SIMD) architecture on a single CMOS chip. The VPU implementation includes multiple vector pipelines operating concurrently, minimum pipeline latency, vectorized conditional branches, and an optimized instruction set for vector operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neuroimaging in late-life depression (2006)

Late-life depression may be associated with vasculopathy. Neuroimaging has been a critical tool in exploring the relationship between this form of depression and vascular factors. Magnetic resonance imaging has been the most widely used tool, but there is potential to use other structural imaging techniques as well as functional neuroimaging methodologies. Neuroimaging may potentially be utilized at some point as a biomarker for late-life depression, thus helping with diagnosis and guiding treatment.
Conformal Hybrid Solar and Electromagnetic (EM) Energy Harvesting Rectenna (2013)

This paper presents the design of a cost effective, hybrid energy harvesting circuit combining a solar cell and a rectenna capable to harvest ambient electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic analysis is used to model and optimize the designed circuits in order to allow the antenna and solar cell to share the same area leading to a compact structure. Nonlinear harmonic balance optimization is used to maximize the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna circuitry in the presence of the solar cell and both wideband and multiband topologies are presented. Furthermore, a low cost and flexible polyethylene terephthalate PET substrate and a flexible amorphous silicon solar cell are chosen, providing for both a low cost and conformal structure. A prototype able to generate a maximum DC power of 56 mW when the solar cell is illuminated with 100 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> solar irradiance, and a dual band rectenna demonstrating an efficiency of 15% around 850 MHz and 1850 MHz when illuminated by a microwave signal of available power is presented.
Antibiotic Uptake by Plants from Soil Fertilized with Animal Manure (2005)

Antibiotics are commonly added to animal feed as supplements to promote growth of food animals. However, absorption of antibiotics in the animal gut is not complete and as a result substantial amounts of antibiotics are excreted in urine and feces that end up in manure. Manure is used worldwide not only as a source of plant nutrients but also as a source of organic matter to improve soil quality especially in organic and sustainable agriculture. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether or not plants grown in manure-applied soil absorb antibiotics present in manure. The test crops were corn (Zea mays L.), green onion (Allium cepa L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). All three crops absorbed chlortetracycline but not tylosin. The concentrations of chlortetracycline in plant tissues were small (2-17 ng g(-1) fresh weight), but these concentrations increased with increasing amount of antibiotics present in the manure. This study points out the potential human health risks associated with consumption of fresh vegetables grown in soil amended with antibiotic laden manures. The risks may be higher for people who are allergic to antibiotics and there is also the possibility of enhanced antimicrobial resistance as a result of human consumption of these vegetables.