gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytometry of apoptosis. Historical perspective and new advances [invited review] (2012)

Characteristic changes in cell morphology paralleled by the appearance of a multitude of molecular and biochemical markers occur during apoptosis. These changes vary depending on the cell type, mechanism of induction of apoptosis, and the time-window at which the process of apoptosis is analyzed. By virtue of the capability of rapid measurement of individual cells the flow- and imaging-cytometry become preferred technologies to detect, identify and record incidence of apoptosis in large cell populations. It also provided a valuable tool to investigate molecular mechanisms in field of necrobiology. This review outlines the progress in development of the most commonly used cytometric methods probing cells death based on analysis of fragmentation of DNA, activation of caspases, analysis of mitochondrial potential, alterations in plasma membrane structure and other features that characterize programmed cell death. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Apoptosis: Four Decades Later'.
Synthesis of 4-([<sup>18</sup>F]fluoromethyl)-2-chlorophenylisothiocyanate: A novel bifunctional <sup>18</sup>F-labelling agent (2004)

Abstract The one-step radiosynthesis of 4-([ 18 F]fluoromethyl)-2-chlorophenylisothiocyanate 18 F-7 as a novel bifunctional 18 F-labelling agent is described. Optimised reaction conditions in a remotely controlled synthesis module gave isothiocyanate 18 F-7 in radiochemical yields of 45% (decay-corrected) within 40 min and high radiochemical purity of >95% after solid-phase-extraction. Coupling of compound 18 F-7 with the primary amine benzylamine as a model reaction afforded the corresponding ((4-[ 18 F]fluoromethyl)-2-chloro-phenyl)-benzyl thiourea 18 F-8 in a high radiochemical yield of >90%. Stability studies of thiourea 18 F-8 in terms of radiodefluorination showed appreciable buffer stability at pH 7.4, whereas significant radiodefluorination was observed when 18 F-8 was incubated in buffers at pH 3.6 and pH 9.4. Preliminary dynamic PET studies with thiourea 18 F-8 in male Wistar rats showed high bone accumulation, indicative of high in vivo radiodefluorination.
[Study of cell death in squamous cell carcinoma cell line KM-1 treated by cisplatin]. (1998)

The mode of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (KM-1) exposed to Cisplatin was studied by various techniques including flow cytometry. All of the cells were killed by 48 hours' treatment with 100 microM CDDP. The proportion of the apoptotic cells was, approximately, only 95%, while the rest was necrosis. These results were demonstrated by observation of cellular morphology, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide (cell membrane integrity)/rhodamine 123 (mitochondrial activity), and flow cytometric measurement of sub-G1 peak population in DNA histogram. Although all the necrotic cells (91%) lost cell membrane integrity without DNA fragmentation, 46.9% cells revealed positive staining by TdT assay which identifies 3'-OH ends of DNA strands. These data suggest the possibility that the cytocidal mechanism of CDDP might involve single-strand breakage of DNA, but not double-strand breakage as occurred in apoptosis.
The chemistry of uranium in borosilicate glasses. IV: The ferric-ferrous couple as a potential redox buffer for the uranium redox state distribution against oxidising agents in a borosilicate melt (1985)

The effect of Cr(II) as a potential reducing agent for the uranium redox states in a borosilicate melt doped with iron was measured experimentally at a variety of oxygen fugacities and a melt temperature of 1150 deg C. Iron was found to operate as a redox buffer in the system as the Fe(III)-Fe(II) couple protects the U(V)-U(IV) couple from reduction by Cr(II). The Cr(II) first preferentially reduces Fe(III) in the melt, before any excess reducing agent interacts with U(V). The Fe(III)-Fe(II) couple also acts as a redox buffer for U(VI)-U(V) against oxidising agents. U(V) is thus a viable redox state of uranium in glasses relevant to the immobilisation of nuclear waste.
End of year report (2013)

As children’s nurses we might be grateful that we have not received the public criticism that other nurses in the NHS have this year, and feel relieved that a plethora of judicial reviews and departmental reports have not made special reference to us. However, writing our own end of year report, it has to be acknowledged that there are areas where we need to do better.
Global Trade Integration and Outsourcing: How Well is the EU Coping with the New Challenges? (2006)

Even with the growing internationalisation of production and the emerging concerns regarding the outsourcing phenomenon, the present study suggests that Europe has handled the post-1990 upsurge in worldwide trade integration in a relatively successful way. The EU continues to retain its long-established title as the number 1 global trading power. In addition, the EU has been a net gainer in terms of the outsourcing part of the production relocation phenomenon, with an increase in its surplus on trade in intermediate goods and services over the period 1992 to 2003. However, despite this relatively reassuring assessment, the study also highlights a number of areas of concern, such as geographically with regard to the EU's growing trade deficits with Asia in general and technologically with the EU's exceptionally poor performance on the ICT front. Complacency must therefore be avoided and policy makers need to remain vigilant to a number of potential medium to long run challenges to the EU's present hegemony in world trade.
IBM Deep Learning Service (2017)

Deep learning driven by large neural network models is overtaking traditional machine learning methods for understanding unstructured and perceptual data domains such as speech, text, and vision. At the same time, the "as-a-Service"-based business model on the cloud is fundamentally transforming the information technology industry. These two trends: deep learning, and "as-a-service" are colliding to give rise to a new business model for cognitive application delivery: deep learning as a service in the cloud. In this paper, we will discuss the details of the software architecture behind IBM's deep learning as a service (DLaaS). DLaaS provides developers the flexibility to use popular deep learning libraries such as Caffe, Torch and TensorFlow, in the cloud in a scalable and resilient manner with minimal effort. The platform uses a distribution and orchestration layer that facilitates learning from a large amount of data in a reasonable amount of time across compute nodes. A resource provisioning layer enables flexible job management on heterogeneous resources, such as graphics processing units (GPUs) and central processing units (CPUs), in an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud.
ChemInform Abstract: The Studies on the Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of Maleimide Compounds. Part 4. Preparation of 2‐Arylthio‐N‐alkylmaleimides and Their Antimicrobial Activities. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peristalsis is impaired in the small intestine of mice lacking the P2X3 subunit (2003)

P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels composed of one or more of seven different subunits. P2X receptors participate in intestinal neurotransmission but the subunit composition of enteric P2X receptors is unknown. In this study, we used tissues from P2X3 wild-type (P2X3+/+) mice and mice in which the P2X3 subunit gene had been deleted (P2X3-/-) to investigate the role of this subunit in neurotransmission in the intestine. RT-PCR analysis of mRNA from intestinal tissues verified P2X3 gene deletion. Intracellular electrophysiological methods were used to record synaptic and drug-induced responses from myenteric neurons in vitro. Drug-induced longitudinal muscle contractions were studied in vitro. Intraluminal pressure-induced reflex contractions (peristalsis) of ileal segments were studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg preparation. Gastrointestinal transit was measured as the progression in 30 min of a liquid radioactive marker administered by gavage to fasted mice. Fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded from S neurons (motoneurons and interneurons) were similar in tissues from P2X3+/+ and P2X3-/- mice. S neurons from P2X3+/+ and P2X3-/- mice were depolarized by application of ATP but not alpha,beta-methylene ATP, an agonist of P2X3 subunit-containing receptors. ATP and alpha,beta-methylene ATP induced depolarization of AH (sensory) neurons from P2X3+/+ mice. ATP, but not alpha,beta-methylene ATP, caused depolarization of AH neurons from P2X3-/- mice. Peristalsis was inhibited in ileal segments from P2X3-/- mice but longitudinal muscle contractions caused by nicotine and bethanechol were similar in segments from P2X3+/+ and P2X3-/- mice. Gastrointestinal transit was similar in P2X3+/+ and P2X3-/- mice. It is concluded that P2X3 subunit-containing receptors participate in neural pathways underlying peristalsis in the mouse intestine in vitro. P2X3 subunits are localized to AH (sensory) but not S neurons. P2X3 receptors may contribute to detection of distention or intraluminal pressure increases and initiation of reflex contractions.
Discovery of 6-<i>N,N</i>-Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino- 4-trifluoromethylquinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)-one as a Novel Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (2006)

The androgen receptor is a member of the extended family of nuclear receptors and is widely distributed throughout the body. Androgen therapy is used to compensate for low levels of the natural hormones testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone and consists of administration of T, prodrugs thereof, or synthetic androgens. However, currently available androgens have many drawbacks. We identified 6-dialkylamino-4-trifluoromethylquinolin-2(1H)-ones as orally available tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators.
The Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diabetes (2005)

These are the first global estimates of mortality attributable to diabetes. Globally, diabetes is likely to be the fifth leading cause of death.
DustCart, an autonomous robot for door-to-door garbage collection: From DustBot project to the experimentation in the small town of Peccioli (2011)

We report on the design and the experimental results of DustCart, a wheeled autonomous robot for door-to-door garbage collection. DustCart is able to navigate in urban environments avoiding static and dynamic obstacles and to interact with human users. The robot is managed by an Ambient Intelligence system (AmI) through a wireless connection: it navigates to collect garbage bags to the houses of users and then moves to discharge the collected waste to a dedicated area. The architecture, navigation and localization systems are described along with the results achieved in different urban sites. In particular, a localization approach based on optical beacons was used and guaranteed position errors sufficient for a safe robot navigation. We report also the first results of a long-term experimentation of the DustCart robot in Peccioli, a small town of Tuscany (Italy). This can be considered as a first step in using robotics in the everyday life of a real town for providing a real service.
Rate‐Adaptable Optical Transmission and Elastic Optical Networks (2016)

This chapter discusses the changes in technology option or design to support the elastic concept in an optical network. Next, it introduces in detail some practical aspects of the elastic transponder and aggregation devices and show a first green application of elasticity. Leveraging on dimensioning resource allocation tools and techno-economic studies, the chapter dedicates the next section to the foreseen short-to medium-term opportunities in core networks before opening on longer term opportunities with elastic burst optical networks. It explains the various opportunities enabled by the adoption of EON by investigating network-level dimensioning via resource allocation tools. The chapter also reviews two examples of flex-rate burst-mode networks and shows their potential benefits: a coherent passive optical network (PON), and a ring-based metro or datacenter network.
Expression of human apolipoprotein A-I epitopes in high density lipoproteins and in serum. (1987)

The expression and immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I epitopes in high density lipoproteins (HDL) and serum has been investigated using two series of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) which have been described elsewhere. Series 1 Mabs, identified as 3D4, 6B8, and 5G6, were obtained by immunization and screening with apoA-I, and series 2 Mabs, identified as 2F1, 4H1, 3G10, 4F7, and 5F6, were obtained by immunization and screening with HDL. These Mabs were characterized with respect to their binding to HDL particles in solution. In series 2 Mabs, 2F1, 3G10, and 4F7, which react with apoA-I CNBr-fragments 1 and 2, could precipitate 100% of 125I-labeled HDL, while 4H1 and 5F6, which react with CNBr fragments 1 and 3, precipitated 90 and 60% of 125I-labeled HDL, respectively. Therefore, three distinct epitopes mapped to CNBr fragments 1 and 2 have been identified which are expressed on all HDL particles, indicating that several antigenic do mains exist on apoA-I which have the same conformation on all apoA-I-containing lipoproteins. The Mabs reacting at these sites have significantly higher affinity constants for 125I-labeled HDL than those that failed to precipitate 100% of HDL. This suggests that the high affinity Mabs react with apoA-I epitopes that are both expressed on all lipoproteins and located in thermo-dynamically stable regions of the molecules. All Mabs from series 1 precipitated 35% or less of 125I-labeled HDL prepared from freshly collected serum, but the proportion of HDL particles expressing the epitopes for these Mabs doubled or more upon serum storage at 4 degrees C. The time course of the alteration of apoA-I antigen in vitro was measured in three normolipemic donors. Upon storage of serum at 4 degrees C, the immunoreactivity of series 2 Mabs (4H1, 3G10) remained unchanged. However, the immunoreactivity of series 1 Mab 3D4 increased linearly at 38%/day for 4 weeks and by 12 weeks had plateaued at about 280-fold compared to day 1. The immunoreactivity of other series 1 Mabs also increased significantly with time in vitro. This process was partially inhibited in the presence of EDTA and by addition of antioxidants, however, the exact molecular nature of this in vitro alteration of apoA-I antigen was not identified.
Novel fabrication method for long silicon microneedles with three‐dimensional sharp tips and complicated shank shapes by isotropic dry etching (2007)

Abstract This paper proposes a novel fabrication method for long solid microneedles made of silicon, which have a three‐dimensional sharp tip, by using isotropic dry etching. Since the fabrication is done in a direction parallel to the surface of the silicon substrate, there is no limit for the needle length. Also, the shank shape of this needle is freely designed three‐dimensionally by defining the mask on the silicon surface. For example, a jagged or harpoon shape is possible by using the proposed method, which may be effective for some medical applications. First, several three‐dimensional, complicated‐shaped needles with sharp tip angles were fabricated by changing the mask pattern. Second, a penetration experiment with them on an artificial skin was carried out, and easy penetration comparable with a conventional metal solid needle was confirmed. For an example of lancet application for diabetics, one of the needles was inserted into a human skin, and bleeding was confirmed. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan© 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
원저 : 급성하벽심근경색 환자에서 흉부유도 ST 절하강의 임상적 의의 (1992)

The prognostic significance of precordial ST segment depression during early stages of acute inferior myocardial infarction is controversial. To examine this problem, electrocardiographic findings on admission were compared with the clinical variables in 50 patients with a first transmural inferior infarction. Patients were classified according to the admission ECG obtained an average of 7.0hours after the onset of chest pain. Twenty-five patients (group I) had≥1.0mm ST depression in at least one of leads V1 to V6 and 25 (group II) did not. There were no significant differences between the two groups in peak creatinine kinase activity, prevalence of in-hospital complications (i, e., congestive heart failure, hypotension, arrhythmias requiring treatment and death), and maximal ST elevation in inferior lead. A weak correlation existed between the quantities (mV) of inferior ST segment elevation and precordial ST depression (r=0.43, p<0.05). Thus, precordial ST depression during acute inferior infarction is not a reliable marker of the extent of myocardial damage or an adverse hospital course. Precordial ST segment depression might represent a benign electrical phenomenon.
Link Failure Emulation with Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford Algorithm in Software Defined Network Architecture (Case Study: Telkom University Topology) (2018)

In Telkom University, the topology used does not have backup link for campus internal network in case of link failure because the topology is still based on interVLAN where each switch only has one path to switch core. Data packets cannot be delivered from source to destination if there is a link failure on the path. Based on the problem, it is proposed a new architecture which is Software Defined Network (SDN) that can overcome the link failure by configuring the controller in order to move to alternative links that have been provided with OpenFlow. This architecture separates the control plane and data plane, so it is centralized and programmable. To look for alternative links when a link failure occurs, the shortest path algorithm is Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford algorithms. The test parameters performed in this research are functionality to determine whether the two algorithms can determine the path or not, and convergence time to find out how long it takes to form the path from source to destination. Scenario of the test is done before and after the link failure occurs by using Ryu as controller and Mininet as emulator. Based on the results of the tests conducted, it was found that Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford algorithm can be applied well on link failure emulation in accordance with the scenario and topology used in the test. In addition to convergence time parameters obtained that Dijkstra algorithm is superior compared to Bellman-Ford algorithm. The difference gained in both scenarios has a value that is not so great the difference.
STUDIES ON ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS 62. REACTIONS OF METHYLENEBISPHOSPHONATEWITH α-NITROALKENES. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF ETHENYLIDENEBISPHOSPHONATES AND 2-ISOXAZOLINE-5,5-DIYLBISPHOSPHONATES (1992)

Abstract Reaction of methylenebisphosphonate with α-nitroalkenes followed by addition of trimethylchlorosilane leads to the formation of ethenylidenebisphosphonates and trimethylsilyl nitronate in almost quantitative yield. These two products, upon prolonged reaction at ambient temperature, provide 2-isoxazoline-5,5diylbisphosphonates via regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in high yield.
Comparison of 5% povidone-iodine solution against 1% povidone-iodine solution in preoperative cataract surgery antisepsis: a prospective randomised double blind study (2003)

Despite in vitro evidence of higher bactericidal efficacy of PI at more dilute concentrations, 5% PI is more effective than 1% PI in decreasing the human conjunctival bacterial flora in vivo, particularly in the presence of heavier initial bacterial load.
Investigating the Relationship between Social Media Content and Real-time Observations for Urban Air Quality and Public Health (2014)

The rapid rise of Web 2.0 technologies and the popularity of social media, together with the broad use of low cost smart devices, changed dramatically the way users receive information, but also gave them the ability to become significant contributors of disseminated data. The challenge now is to benefit from large volumes of data and collective intelligence, so as to detect what people think or discuss in virtual communities, at the time that an event happens or the information is spread. Our domain of interest is the Urban Air Quality (UAQ) and public health. We want to promote the potential use of social media as a real-time source of "sensing" the environmental load or the existing environmental condition that affects directly humans' quality of life. With the use of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM), we analyze posts gathered from Twitter and we identify existing UAQ conditions, based on users' reports. Clusters of tweets with similar topics of discussion are formed. We additionally investigate the relations between citizens' reports and the corresponding, in time and location, actual observations of specific environmental characteristics. With a thorough investigation of SOM visualizations, we conclude that there is a positive correlation between personal observations and official data, highlighting thus the agreement among soft sensors' (users) and hard sensors' (monitoring sites) measurements.
Thermal Analysis of Polyurethane Dispersions Based on Different Polyols (2012)

Water-based polyurethane dispersions (PUD) are a rapidly growing segment of polyurethane (PU) coatings industry due to environmental legislations such as the clean air act and also due to technological advances that made them an effective substitute for the solvent-based analogs. Water-based or waterborne PUD have gained increasing importance in a range of applications, due in large part to properties such as adhesion to a range of substrates, resistance to chemicals, solvents and water, abrasion resistance and flexibility. Water-based PUD show very good mechanical and chemical properties and match the regulatory pressures for low volatile organic compound (VOC) containing raw paints. The continuous reduction in costs and the control of VOC emissions are increasing the use of water-based resins, motivating the development of PU dispersed in water. PU obtained from water-based PUD have superior properties when compared with similar materials obtained from organic media. Water-based PUD are used in many application areas to coat a wide range of substrates for example footwear adhesives, wood lacquers for flooring and furniture, leather finishings, plastic coatings, printing inks and automotive base coats (Rothause et al., 1987; Kim et al., 1994; Ramesh et al., 1994).
LibGuides: Virology: Virology (2012)

This guide is designed to direct you to some of our better resources for working on assignments for your Virology class.
15. Ferrichrome Compounds as a Source of Iron for Higher Plants (2015)

abstractThe siderophores (microbial iron transport compounds), ferrichrome and ferrichrome A, were shown capable of supplying iron to tomato and to duckweed (Lemna sp.) growing in nutrient solution. The siderophores were approximately as potent as ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in the usual test system. In contrast to synthetic chelates, ferrichrome A gave superior yields of plant mass in NaHCO3 buffered medium; however, in this case the plants were yellow and appeared severely chlorotic. By employing the bacterial growth factor activity of ferrichrome as a means of detection it was concluded that the siderophore is taken up by the duckweed plant.
Survival benefit of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 10 cm in diameter (2005)

Embolization-related mortality is low for huge hepatocellular carcinoma, and the technique provides survival benefit in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 10 cm in diameter.