gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isotype concentrations of human antibodies to group A meningococcal polysaccharide. (1986)

Antibodies to meningococcal group A polysaccharide (MenA) in the sera of 34 vaccinated adults were quantitated by an isotype-resolving solid-phase RIA (IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4). All individuals had antibodies before vaccination. The geometric mean concentration was 2.9 micrograms/ml. Two weeks after vaccination the mean antibody concentration had trebled. Average proportions of the three isotypes were then as follows: IgA 15%, IgM 48%, IgG 37%. No differences were found between individuals who had been immunized with the polysaccharide 7 to 8 yr earlier and "primary responders." The subclass composition of IgG antibodies was determined in the 24 postvaccination samples with a definite IgG response (greater than 2-fold increase). IgG1 was the predominant subclass in antibodies of some sera and IgG2 in others, but the average proportions of both subclasses were nearly the same. IgG3 and IgG4 were only found in occasional sera, but when present, each subclass accounted for up to 6%. Although the ratio of kappa and lambda chains could not be determined, there was evidence to suggest that it was higher in anti-MenA antibodies than in antibodies to protein antigens.
Document quality indicators and corpus editions (2001)

Corpus editions can only be useful to scholars when users know what to expect of the texts. We argue for text quality indicators, both general and domain-specific.
The design of wireless intelligent home system base on ZigBee (2008)

Intelligent home is one of the major application areas of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a way to construct ZigBee wireless sensor networks of star is introduced, advancing a new design of wireless intelligent home system based on ZigBee which is suitable for a small network like home, implementing remote monitoring and control by GSM module. The system is composed of the following three main components: (i) home server with GSM module; (ii) intelligent environment detection sensor modules, (iii) intelligent home appliances. We firstly explain concepts and the architecture of our system and then introduce some important hardware design and the key software design in detail. The experiments show a good remote alarming and control ability. Finally we conclude our work and discuss the future directions of our project.
A Virtual Metrology System for Predicting End-of-Line Electrical Properties Using a MANCOVA Model With Tools Clustering (2011)

The ability to predict end-of-line electrical properties of wafer in semiconductor manufacturing processes is critical to developing and maintaining a high yield. However, this is difficult because an advanced wafer manufacturing process consists of 300-400 steps, and in-line metrology data is only available for a few steps and for infrequently sampled wafers. Although a large amount of equipment sensor outputs are readily available for most wafers, most of the sensor variables may not be related to the end-of-line properties. Further, differences in end-of-line properties of wafers processed by tools of the same stage do not imply differences in the values of sensor variables between these tools. Thus, it is important to develop a reliable screening and model building procedure to construct a robust virtual metrology model with good generalization capability. Despite its simplicity, this approach is found to have significantly better generalization capability than nonlinear models, as well as substantial improvement in modeling and prediction capabilities of linear models that use only in-line metrology. The proposed method is also evaluated by an industrial application in a local fabrication unit.
Suggesting API Usage to Novice Programmers with the Example Guru (2017)

Programmers, especially novices, often have difficulty learning new APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). Existing research has not fully addressed novice programmers' unawareness of all available API methods. To help novices discover new and appropriate uses for API methods, we designed a system called the Example Guru. The Example Guru suggests context-relevant API methods based on each programmer's code. The suggestions provide contrasting examples to demonstrate how to use the API methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Example Guru, we ran a study comparing novice programmers' use of the Example Guru and documentation-inspired API information. We found that twice as many participants accessed the Example Guru suggestions compared to documentation and that participants used more than twice as many new API methods after accessing suggestions than documentation.
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (2001)

During the past 10 years, the philosophy of heart failure treatment has evolved from symptom control to a combined prevention and symptom-management strategy. Recent clinical trials have proved that early detection can delay progression. Treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction is as important as treatment of symptomatic disease. The purpose of this review is to simplify recent guidelines for pharmacological management of chronic systolic heart failure for the primary care physician and the heart failure specialist. Early recognition and prevention therapies, combined with lifestyle modification, are essential in the treatment of heart failure. Therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics is now standard. Digoxin is added to improve clinical symptoms, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation. Aldosterone antagonists may be recommended in select patients with stable New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure. If angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are not tolerated, angiotensin receptor blockers, hydralazine hydrochloride, and isosorbide dinitrate are recommended. The data on antiarrhythmic and anticoagulation therapies are inconclusive.
The role of plasma membrane STIM1 and Ca2+entry in platelet aggregation. STIM1 binds to novel proteins in human platelets (2013)

Ca(2+) elevation is essential to platelet activation. STIM1 senses Ca(2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum and activates Orai channels allowing store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). STIM1 has also been reported to be present in the plasma membrane (PM) with its N-terminal region exposed to the outside medium but its role is not fully understood. We have examined the effects of the antibody GOK/STIM1, which recognises the N-terminal region of STIM1, on SOCE, agonist-stimulated Ca(2+) entry, surface exposure, in vitro thrombus formation and aggregation in human platelets. We also determined novel binding partners of STIM1 using proteomics. The dialysed GOK/STIM1 antibody failed to reduced thapsigargin- and agonist-mediated Ca(2+) entry in Fura2-labelled cells. Using flow cytometry we detect a portion of STIM1 to be surface-exposed. The dialysed GOK/STIM1 antibody reduced thrombus formation by whole blood on collagen-coated capillaries under flow and platelet aggregation induced by collagen. In immunoprecipitation experiments followed by proteomic analysis, STIM1 was found to extract a number of proteins including myosin, DOCK10, thrombospondin-1 and actin. These studies suggest that PM STIM1 may facilitate platelet activation by collagen through novel interactions at the plasma membrane while the essential Ca(2+)-sensing role of STIM1 is served by the protein in the ER.
Controlled formation and resistivity scaling of nickel silicide nanolines (2009)

We demonstrate a top-down method for fabricating nickel mono-silicide (NiSi) nanolines (also referred to as nanowires) with smooth sidewalls and line widths down to 15 nm. Four-probe electrical measurements reveal that the room temperature electrical resistivity of the NiSi nanolines remains constant as the line widths are reduced to 23 nm. The resistivity at cryogenic temperatures is found to increase with decreasing line width. This finding can be attributed to electron scattering at the sidewalls and is used to deduce an electron mean free path of 6.3 nm for NiSi at room temperature. The results suggest that NiSi nanolines with smooth sidewalls are able to meet the requirements for implementation at the 22 nm technology node without degradation of device performance.
The implementation of MIL STD 1553B processor (2002)

This paper is focused on the MIL STD 1553B protocol and its hardware implementation. MIL STD 1553B is fully called Aircraft internal time Division command/response multiplex data bus. It is used in high noise environments because of its data integrity, it is also widely used in many nonavionic systems. The Chinese military had designated GJB287 X7 standard which is compatible with MIL STD 1553B. A full function of this protocol has been described using Verilog HDL and implemented by XC4000 FPGA chips.
Differences in pharmacological actions between beta-bungarotoxin and other neurotoxic phospholipases A2 purified from snake venoms. (1986)

Five highly toxic phospholipases A2 (PLAs) (beta-bungarotoxin, caudoxin, Mojave toxin, notexin and a basic PLA from Naja nigricollis venom) were compared for their pharmacological actions. In the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation, all PLA toxins except beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTX) inhibited the postsynaptic acetylcholine response and induced contracture of the muscle at a high concentration. Indirect hemolytic activity was found in all PLA toxins and some of the toxins (Naja nigricollis basic PLA and Mojave toxin) even showed a potent direct hemolytic action, while beta-BuTX was devoid of both direct and indirect hemolytic activities on the guinea-pig erythrocytes. All PLA toxins except beta-BuTX caused an increase in muscle tone in the guinea-pig ileum at a concentration as low as 0.05 microgram/ml, and an increase in the contractile force in the guinea-pig atrium at a concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml. In contrast, beta-BuTX had no stimulant effect at concentrations up to 10 micrograms/ml. On the cultured cells, beta-BuTX suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, but did not cause lysis of non-neuronal cells of the rat brain. However, beta-BuTX uniquely maintained a high population of viable cells in the neuroblastoma cell cultures. From these results it was concluded that beta-BuTX is the most specific presynaptic neurotoxin among the PLA toxins so far tested.
Synthesis and photochemical reaction of novel p‐alkylcalix[n]arene derivatives containing cationically polymerizable groups (1999)

New photoreactive p-methylcalix[6]arene (MCA) derivatives containing cationically polymerizable groups such as propargyl ether (calixarene 1), allyl ether (calixarene 2), and ethoxy vinyl ether (calixarene 3) groups were synthesized with 80, 74, and 84% yields by the substitution reaction of MCA with propargyl bromide, allyl bromide, and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE), respectively, in the presence of either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydride by using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (BCA) derivative containing ethoxy vinyl ether groups (calixarene 4) was also synthesized in 83% yield by the substitution reaction of BCA with CEVE by using sodium hydride as a base and TBAB as a PTC. The MCA derivative containing 1-propenyl ether groups (calixarene 5) was synthesized in 80% yield by the isomerization of calixarene 2, which contained allyl ether groups, by using potassium tert-buthoxide as a catalyst. The photochemical reactions of carixarene 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were examined with certain photoacid generators in the film state. In this reaction system, calixarene 3 containing ethoxy vinyl ether groups showed the highest photochemical reactivity when bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl]sulfide bis(hexafluorophosphate) (DPSP) was used as the catalyst. On the other hand, calixarene 1 containing propargyl ether groups had the highest photochemical reactivity when 4-morpholino-2,5-dibuthoxybenzenediazonium hexafluorophosphate (MDBZ) was used as the catalyst. It was also found that the prepared carixarene derivatives containing cationically polymerizable groups such as propargyl, allyl, vinyl, and also 1-propenyl ethers have good thermal stability. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1805–1814, 1999
Chiral Microenvironments in Self-Assembled Capsules (1999)

A nonracemic compound is synthesized and shown to assemble reversibly through hydrogen bonding to form a cyclic tetramer. The chiral arrangement of atoms in the individual pieces becomes amplified through self-assembly to yield multiple functional groups asymmetrically arranged within the cavity. The tetrameric capsule shows a special affinity for ketones and is able to discriminate between their enantiomers in solution.
Light transmission through a high index dielectric-filled sub-wavelength hole in a metal film (2005)

We investigate transmission of a normally incident, linearly polarized plane wave through a circular sub-wavelength hole in a metal film filled by a high index dielectric medium. We demonstrate for the first time that the trans-mission efficiency of such holes exhibits a Fabry-Pérot like behaviour versus thickness of the metal film, similar to that exhibited by sub-wavelength slits in metal films illuminated by TM-polarized plane waves. We show that by reducing the imaginary part of the propagation constant of the hybrid HE11 mode and by fortifying the Fabry-Pérot resonance, the high index dielectric filling can greatly enhance light transmission through a circular sub-wavelength hole.
DC-DC converters for electric vehicle applications (2007)

An integral part of any modern day electric vehicle is power electronic circuits (PECs) comprising of DC-AC inverters and DC-DC converters. A DC-AC inverter supplies the high power electric motor and utility loads such as air-conditioning system, whereas a DC-DC converter supplies conventional low-power, low-voltage loads. However, the need for high power bidirectional DC- DC converters in future electric vehicles has led to the development of many new topologies of DC-DC converters. This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art DC-DC converters used in battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Several DC-DC converters such as isolated, nonisolated, half-bridge, full-bridge, unidirectional and bidirectional topologies, and their applications in electric vehicles are presented.
Topical review: sleep bruxism and the role of peripheral sensory influences. (2003)

Sleep bruxism (SB) is an unusual orofacial movement described as a parafunction in dentistry and as a parasomnia in sleep medicine. Since several peripheral influences could be involved in sleep-wake regulation and the genesis of rhythmic jaw movements, the authors have reviewed the relevant literature to facilitate understanding of mechanisms possibly involved in SB genesis. Various animal and human studies indicate that during either wakefulness or anesthesia, orofacial sensory inputs (e.g., from periodontium, mucosa, and muscle) could influence jaw muscle activity. However, the role of these sensory inputs in jaw motor activity during sleep is unclear. Interestingly, during sleep, the jaw is usually open due to motor suppression; tooth contact most likely occurs in association with sleep arousal. Recent physiologic evidence supports an association between sleep arousal and SB; a sequential change from autonomic (cardiac) and brain cortical activities precede SB-related jaw motor activity. This suggests that the central and/or autonomic nervous systems, rather than peripheral sensory factors, have a dominant role in SB genesis. However, some peripheral sensory factors may exert an influence on SB through their interaction with sleep-wake mechanisms. The intent of this review is to integrate various physiologic concepts in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of SB.
An FFT-based novel approach to noninvasive speed measurement in induction motor drives (1992)

A novel sensorless speed detection method based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectral analysis is described. The main concern is the extraction of the speed information contained in the rotor slot-ripple harmonics created in the airgap of the induction motor using digital signal-processing techniques. A nonintrusive all-digital speed detector suitable for steady-state operation has been designed around an Intel/80386-based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 coprocessor. The detector performance with and without load over a wide range of speeds is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase I Trial of the Novel Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Deforolimus (AP23573; MK-8669) Administered Intravenously Daily for 5 Days Every 2 Weeks to Patients With Advanced Malignancies (2008)

The MTD of this phase I trial using an accelerated titration design was determined to be 18.75 mg/d. Deforolimus was well tolerated and showed encouraging antitumor activity across a broad range of malignancies when administered intravenously on the QDx5 schedule. On the basis of these overall results, a dose of 12.5 mg/d is being evaluated in phase II trials.
Effect of a Low-Rank Denoising Algorithm on Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Measures of Liver Fat and Iron (2016)

Applying the low-rank denoising algorithm to liver fat and iron quantification reduces image noise in PDFF and R2* maps without adversely affecting mean quantitative values or subjective image quality.
A compact 10 kW solid-state RF power amplifier at 352 MHz (2017)

A compact 10 kW RF power amplifier at 352 MHz was developed at FREIA for the European Spallation Source, ESS. The specifications of ESS for the conception of amplifiers are related to its pulsed operation: 3.5 ms pulse length and a duty cycle of 5%. The realized amplifier is composed of eight kilowatt level modules, combined using a planar Gysel 8-way combiner. The combiner has a low insertion loss of only 0.2 dB, measured at 10 kW peak power. Each module is built around a commercially available LDMOS transistor in a single-ended architecture. During the final tests, a total output peak power of 10.5 kW was measured.
New treatments for genital herpes (2002)

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease that has been widely investigated from both an epidemiological and a diagnostic viewpoint. Better knowledge of the disease has pointed to the important role of asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding as a major culprit for the spread of the virus in the world, the latest statistics showing that the incidence of genital herpes is constantly increasing. The reference compound for the treatment and prophylaxis of genital herpes is acyclovir. Recently, two drugs with better oral bioavailability, valaciclovir, the oral prodrug of acyclovir, and famciclovir, the oral prodrug of penciclovir, have been made available. Nevertheless, there is a need to develop additional approaches, to extend the therapeutic possibilities and to face the problem of emerging resistant viruses, mostly in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, efforts have been made in different directions including the exploration of new targets for antiviral chemotherapy, the use of immunomodulators and the development of specific vaccines.
Integrated genomic analysis identifies the mitotic checkpoint kinase WEE1 as a novel therapeutic target in medulloblastoma (2014)

Taken together, these findings highlight mitotic kinases and, in particular, WEE1 as a rational therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.
Intrusion Detection for Grid and Cloud Computing (2009)

Providing security in a distributed system requires more than user authentication with passwords or digital certificates and confidentiality in data transmission. The Grid and Cloud Computing Intrusion Detection System integrates knowledge and behavior analysis to detect intrusions.
Comparative genomic hybridization and loss of heterozygosity analyses identify a common region of deletion at 15q11.1-15 in human malignant mesothelioma. (1999)

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed to identify chromosomal imbalances in 24 human malignant mesothelioma (MM) cell lines derived from untreated primary tumors. Chromosomal losses accounted for the majority of genomic imbalances. The most frequent underrepresented segments were 22q (58%) and 15q1.1-21 (54%); other recurrent sites of chromosomal loss included 1p12-22 (42%), 13q12-14 (42%), 14q24-qter (42%), 6q25-qter (38%), and 9p21 (38%). The most commonly overrepresented segment was 5p (54%). DNA sequence amplification at 3p12-13 was observed in two cases. Whereas some of the regions of copy number decreases (i.e., segments in 1p, 6q, 9p, and 22q) have previously been shown to be common sites of karyotypic and allelic loss in MM, our comparative genomic hybridization analyses identified a new recurrent site of chromosomal loss within 15q in this malignancy. To more precisely map the region of 15q deletion, loss of heterozygosity analyses were performed with a panel of polymorphic microsatellite markers distributed along 15q, which defined a minimal region of chromosomal loss at 15q11.1-15. The identification of frequent losses of a discrete segment in 15q suggests that this region harbors a putative tumor suppressor gene whose loss/inactivation may contribute to the pathogenesis of many MMs.
Stem cells in prostate cancer initiation and progression (2007)

Peter Nowell and David Hungerford's discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome facilitated many critical studies that have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of cancer as a disease of stem cells. This Review focuses on the application of these concepts to investigation of the role of stem cells in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Major strides in the development of in vitro and in vivo assays have enabled identification and characterization of prostate stem cells as well as functional evaluation of the tumorigenic effects of prostate cancer-related genetic alterations.
Semliki Forest Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Is Involved in Suppression of the Type I Interferon Response (2007)

The type I interferons (IFNs) are potent mediators of antiviral immunity, and many viruses have developed means to block their expression or their effects. Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection induces rapid and profound silencing of host cell gene expression, a process believed to be important for the inhibition of the IFN response. In SFV-infected cells, a large proportion of the nonstructural protein nsp2 is found in the nucleus, but a role for this localization has not been described. In this work we demonstrate that a viral mutant, SFV4-RDR, in which the nuclear localization sequence of nsp2 has been rendered inactive, induces a significantly more robust IFN response in infected cells. This mutant virus replicates at a rate similar to that of the parental SFV4 strain and also shuts off host cell gene expression to similar levels, indicating that the general cellular shutoff is not responsible for the inhibition of IFN expression. Further, the rate of virus-induced nuclear translocation of early IFN transcription factors was not found to differ between the wild-type and mutant viruses, indicating that the effect of nsp2 is at a later stage. These results provide novel information about the mode of action of this viral IFN antagonist.