gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PES News (2002)

This paper presents a new method for the generation of a reference voltage for a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). These voltages, when injected in series with a distribution feeder by a voltage source inverter, can tightly regulate the voltage at the load terminal against imbalance or harmonics in the source side. It is stipulated that the DVR does not supply any real power in the steady state. The reference voltage generation scheme is validated through digital computer simulation studies.
Test strategies for cost-sensitive decision trees (2006)

In medical diagnosis, doctors must often determine what medical tests (e.g., X-ray and blood tests) should be ordered for a patient to minimize the total cost of medical tests and misdiagnosis. In this paper, we design cost-sensitive machine learning algorithms to model this learning and diagnosis process. Medical tests are like attributes in machine learning whose values may be obtained at a cost (attribute cost), and misdiagnoses are like misclassifications which may also incur a cost (misclassification cost). We first propose a lazy decision tree learning algorithm that minimizes the sum of attribute costs and misclassification costs. Then, we design several novel "test strategies" that can request to obtain values of unknown attributes at a cost (similar to doctors' ordering of medical tests at a cost) in order to minimize the total cost for test examples (new patients). These test strategies correspond to different situations in real-world diagnoses. We empirically evaluate these test strategies, and show that they are effective and outperform previous methods. Our results can be readily applied to real-world diagnosis tasks. A case study on heart disease is given throughout the paper
Analytical methods for the extraction of solar-cell single- and double-diode model parameters from I-V characteristics (1987)

Analytical solutions for the rapid extraction of single- and double-diode model parameters from experimental data are described. The resulting parameters' values are shown to have less than 10 percent error for most solar cells. Error contours are also illustrated to define the range of validity of these methods.
Highly Branched Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)s with Imidazole End Groups Prepared by Radical Polymerization in the Presence of a Styryl Monomer Containing a Dithioester Group (2005)

Highly branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) compounds were prepared by copolymerization of 3H-imidazole-4-carbodithioic acid 4-vinylbenzyl ester, 1, with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) using reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymerizations proceeded well with few side reactions. An increase in the content of 1 in the monomer feed appears to increase the number of branch chains, and at the same time no evidence was obtained for the presence of substituted acrylamide chain ends that may potentially result via elimination of the dithioate group. The polymer products show a clear tendency to increased molecular weight as the extent of conversion of monomer increases, while size exclusion chromatography (SEC) profiles indicate a complex distribution of molecular weights compared to linear polymers obtained with a non-RAFT carboxylate monomer. Both NMR and viscometry indicate that, as expected, increasing the amount of 1 in the feed has the effect of increasing the degree of branching in the final product. This increase in branching reduces the intrinsic viscosity of the solutions of the highly branched polymers compared to similar linear polymers. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) displays a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solutions, and cloud point data indicate a clear effect of chain architecture on the temperature at which this transition occurs. Thus, a set of linear analogous copolymers have LCST's that, for equivalent mole fractions of imidazole content, are higher than the similar highly branched polymers. However, on complexation of copper by the imidazole groups the LCSTs of the linear and highly branched sets cannot be differentiated.
Pharmacological Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With the Potent and Selective A<sub>2A</sub>Adenosine Receptor Agonists ATL193 and ATL146e Administered by Either Intravenous Infusion or Bolus Injection (2001)

ATL-193 and ATL-146e are highly potent and selective Ado A(2A) receptor agonists with excellent potential for use as vasodilators for myocardial perfusion imaging. An important advantage of ATL-146e is the ability to administer it by bolus injection.
Development of 3D Knitted Fabrics for Advanced Composite Materials (2011)

Generally, a composite material is made of distinct materials, that together act in a different way than when considered separately. There are a lot of examples of composite materials, both natural and synthetic, from the human body, to buildings, airplanes and so on. Most comprehensive definition of the composite materials that characterises their nature is given by P. Mallick. According to Mallick (1997), a composite is a combination of two or more chemically different materials, with an interface between them. The constituent materials maintain their identity in the composite material (at least at macroscopic level), but their combination gives the system properties and characteristics different from those of each component. One material is called matrix and is defined as the continuous phase. The other element is called reinforcement and is added to the matrix in order to improve or modify its properties. The reinforcement represents the discontinuous phase, distributed evenly in the matrix volume. There are several options for reinforcement and matrix, as illustrated in Fig.1, that are taken into consideration based on the mechanical requirements specific to the application.
Suppression of IL-6 biological activities by activin A and implications for inflammatory arthropathies (1998)

Activin A is a cytokine whose multiple functions have yet to be fully determined. In this study, the role of proinflammatory cytokines in regulatory control of activin A production was shown in synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Additional facets of functional inflammation-related activities of activin A were also determined. Results showed that activin A concentrations in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and gout were elevated relative to those in patients with osteoarthritis. Further studies showed that production of activin A by synoviocytes and chondrocytes in culture was stimulated by cytokines such as IL-1, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-8, consistent with previous studies in regard to the control of activin A production in marrow stromal cells and monocytes by cytokines, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid. In addition, the relationship of activin A to IL-6-induced biological activities was investigated. Three major IL-6 activities involved in inflammatory responses were found to be suppressed by activin A. In a dose-dependent manner, activin A efficiently suppressed IL-6-induced proliferation of 7TD1 B lymphoid cells, phagocytic activity of monocytic M1 cells, and fibrinogen production in HepG2. Therefore, it is likely that activin A serves as a suppressor for IL-6, dampening inflammatory responses, and has the potential to perform some previously unrecognized roles in inflammation.
On the way to polar achiral liquid crystals (1998)

Abstract A brief review is presented of theoretical predictions and experimental observations concerning polar (pyroelectric, ferroelectric and antiferroelectric) achiral mesomorphic phases.
Azo Dyes from Aminoguanidine (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzo Dyes from AminoguanidineR. Norris Shreve, R. P. Carter, and J. M. WillisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1944, 36, 5, 426–430Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50413a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50413a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A systematic technique for verifying critical path delays in a 300MHz Alpha CPU design using circuit simulation (1996)

A static timing verifier is an important tool in the design of a complex high performance VLSI chip such as an Alpha CPU. A timing verifier uses a simple and pessimistic delay model to identify critical failing paths in the design, which then need to be fixed. However, the pessimistic delay model results in a large number of correct paths being identified as failing paths, possibly leading to wasted design resources. Therefore, each critical path identified by the timing verifier needs to be analyzed using a circuit simulator such as SPICE in order to confirm that it is a real failure. Setting up such a simulation is complex, especially when the critical path consists of structures appearing in a datapath of the CPU. In this paper, we present algorithms for the construction of a model for simulating the maximum delay through a critical path. This technique has been used to analyze several critical paths during the design of a 300 MHz Alpha CPU.
Nachhaltigkeit virtuell lernen? Potenziale Neuer Medien für das Globale Lernen in der Hochschullehre (2009)

Neue Medien eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten der Vernetzung und des Austausches zu Fragen der globalen Entwicklung zwischen Lernenden aus verschiedenen Ländern. Gleichzeitig stellt diese Form des Lernens neue Anforderungen an Organisation und Konzeption der Hochschullehre. Dieser Artikel beschreibt und analysiert die Erfahrungen, die an der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg mit internationalen virtuellen Seminaren zu Fragen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung gemacht wurden. Es wird deutlich, welche besonderen Potenziale virtuelle Settings für Globales Lernen haben, wie virtuelles Lernen den Kompetenzerwerb von Studierenden unterstützen kann und welche besonderen Herausforderungen mit virtuellen Lernangeboten – didaktisch und organisatorisch – verbunden sind. (DIPF/Orig.)
<i>trans</i>-Complementation Rescue of Cyclophilin A-Deficient Viruses Reveals that the Requirement for Cyclophilin A in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Is Independent of Its Isomerase Activity (2002)

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the incorporation of cyclophilin A (CypA) for replication. CypA is packaged by binding to the capsid (CA) region of Gag. This interaction is disrupted by cyclosporine (CsA). Preventing CypA incorporation, either by mutations in the binding region of CA or by the presence of CsA, abrogates virus infectivity. Given that CypA possesses an isomerase activity, it has been proposed that CypA acts as an uncoating factor by destabilizing the shell of CA that surrounds the viral genome. However, because the same domain of CypA is responsible for both its isomerase activity and its capacity to be packaged, it has been challenging to determine if isomerase activity is required for HIV-1 replication. To address this issue, we fused CypA to viral protein R (Vpr), creating a Vpr-CypA chimera. Because Vpr is packaged via the p6 region of Gag, this approach bypasses the interaction with CA and allows CypA incorporation even in the presence of CsA. Using this system, we found that Vpr-CypA rescues the infectivity of viruses lacking CypA, either produced in the presence of CsA or mutated in the CypA packaging signal of CA. Furthermore, a Vpr-CypA mutant which has no isomerase activity and no capacity to bind to CA also rescues HIV-1 replication. Thus, this study demonstrates that the isomerase activity of CypA is not required for HIV-1 replication and suggests that the interaction of the catalytic site of CypA with CA serves no other function than to incorporate CypA into viruses.
Systematic Study of Hydration Patterns of Phosphoric(V) Acid and Its Mono-, Di-, and Tripotassium Salts in Aqueous Solution (2009)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the OD band of HDO molecules has been applied to perform a systematic study of various phosphate forms in the order of decreasing protonation: H3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, K3PO4. HDO isotopically diluted in H2O has been prepared by adding adequate amounts of D2O to aqueous solutions in ordinary water. The difference spectra procedure has been applied to remove the contribution of bulk water and thus to separate the spectra of solute-affected HDO. The position at maximum of the principal anion-affected HDO band for potassium phosphates moves in the order KH2PO4 (2478 cm(-1))>K2HPO4 (2363 cm(-1))>K3PO4 (2301 cm(-1)), that is, decreases with increasing solute basicity and charge. The number of moles of water affected by one mole of solute (N) equals 11.0, 13.8 and 16.2, respectively. Phosphoric acid affects statistically 13.9 water molecules and appears to be a "structure making" solute in water. The isotopic substitution with deuterium occurs also on the phosphate anions and phosphoric acid. The thus formed P-O-D groups interact with water molecules via strong hydrogen bonds and the relative strength of this interaction increases with increasing solute acidity. The plausible assignments of OD bands of HDO have been confirmed by calculating equilibrium structures of small aqueous clusters of the studied individual utilizing density functional theory. Further interpretation of the energetic and structural properties of hydrating water is enabled by calculating intermolecular interaction energy of water and probability distributions for interatomic oxygen-oxygen distance.
Human securin proteolysis is controlled by the spindle checkpoint and reveals when the APC/C switches from activation by Cdc20 to Cdh1 (2002)

Progress through mitosis is controlled by the sequential destruction of key regulators including the mitotic cyclins and securin, an inhibitor of anaphase whose destruction is required for sister chromatid separation. Here we have used live cell imaging to determine the exact time when human securin is degraded in mitosis. We show that the timing of securin destruction is set by the spindle checkpoint; securin destruction begins at metaphase once the checkpoint is satisfied. Furthermore, reimposing the checkpoint rapidly inactivates securin destruction. Thus, securin and cyclin B1 destruction have very similar properties. Moreover, we find that both cyclin B1 and securin have to be degraded before sister chromatids can separate. A mutant form of securin that lacks its destruction box (D-box) is still degraded in mitosis, but now this is in anaphase. This destruction requires a KEN box in the NH2 terminus of securin and may indicate the time in mitosis when ubiquitination switches from APCCdc20 to APCCdh1. Lastly, a D-box mutant of securin that cannot be degraded in metaphase inhibits sister chromatid separation, generating a cut phenotype where one cell can inherit both copies of the genome. Thus, defects in securin destruction alter chromosome segregation and may be relevant to the development of aneuploidy in cancer.
Dynamics of Mass Transfer and the Generalized Nonequilibrium Theory of Chromatography (1965)

Abstract The origin and role of nonequilibrium in chromatography is first described, followed by a discussion of the nature of the theoretical problem. The generalized nonequilibrium theory is then developed, leading to an equation for the dispersion of chromatographic zones. It is shown how the generalized nonequilibrium theory can be applied to the special cases of chromatography ‐ particularly adsorption, partition, combined adsorption and partition and diffusion in the mobile phase. The difficulties of comparing theory and experiment are then described, emphasizing those few cases where a quantitative comparison has been possible. A particularly good comparison, obtained with glass bead columns, gives strong support to the theory. It is concluded that such quantitative theory can be applied in two principal ways ‐ to enable the study of physical processes by chromatography and to lead to new chromatographic systems capable of separating substances more efficiently than ever before.
Bromination of deactivated aromatics using potassium bromate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination of deactivated aromatics using potassium bromateJ. J. Harrison, J. P. Pellegrini, and C. M. SelwitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 2169–2171Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2879Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integrated Lifecycle of IT Services in a Cloud Environment (extended abstract) (2009)

Virtualized Service models are now emerging and redefining the way information technology is delivered to end users. Current research is focused on specific pieces like service discovery, composition etc. There is no holistic view of what would constitute a lifecycle of virtualized services delivered on a cloud environment. In this paper, we propose an integrated methodology that covers the entire service lifecycle. We have divided the IT service lifecycle on the cloud into five phases of requirements, discovery, negotiation, composition, and consumption. We describe each phase and it’s sub-phases in detail along with the information that needs to flow between them. We also propose some key metrics that should be tracked for each phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Aphicidal Activity of Cuticular Components from Nicotiana tabacum (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cytotoxicity of 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cell lines. (2007)

Although the mechanism of action of this compound has not been completely elucidated, the effect on the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis in different prostate cancer cell lines prompted us to carry out a more in-depth preclinical evaluation of it. This study suggests that DCDMNQ may have an impact on treatment of prostate cancer while protecting the bone marrow.
Estimation of Soil Solution Electrical Conductivity from Bulk Soil Electrical Conductivity in Sandy Soils (2000)

Studies of solute transport through soil and attendant environmental impacts are hampered by the lack of methods for continuous monitoring of solute concentration. Measurement of bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC b ) using time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a promising technique, but it is indirect, and estimation of solute concentration from such measurements requires a model relating soil solution electrical conductivity (EC w ) to EC b Several models of varying complexity exist, but further testing is required to determine their relative merits and applicability. This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of various models that use different methods of estimating the tortuosity factor, F g , in order to estimate EC w from EC b All models assume that the ratio of EC b /EC w is proportional to soil water content, θ, with F g as the coefficient of proportionality. In this study, two types of models were compared, those in which F g is obtained from soil hydraulic properties and those in which F g is estimated as it is in gas diffusion models, except with θ rather than porosity as the independent variable. Measurements were conducted in a sandy soil, across a range of EC w from 0.10 to 0.56 S m −1 The models in which F g is obtained from soil hydraulic properties did not perform as expected. The results with the gas diffusion analog models were variable; the most successful of these was based on the 1959 model of Marshall, in which F g is a power function of θ, θ b Optimal results were obtained with , not far from Marshall's suggested value of 0.5 for gas diffusion. We conclude that there is no benefit to the use of soil hydraulic properties in estimating EC w from EC b measurements, at least for sandy soils, where simpler relationships appear to provide superior results.
Electrodeposition of Soft Gold from a Thiosulfate‐Sulfite Bath for Electronics Applications (1997)

The possibility of electrodeposition of soft gold from a thiosulfate‐sulfite bath was explored for electronics applications. The bath does not contain cyanide, and it is operated at a near neutral pH and a mildly elevated temperature. The bath is stable, does not undergo spontaneous decomposition without the addition of any stabilizer, and yields gold deposits with a hardness sufficiently low for use as gold bumps on semiconductor devices. Factors affecting the hardness were investigated in detail. It is shown that the use of high concentrations of the complexing agents and/or the addition of thallium(I) ions decreases both hardness and sulfur content of the deposit. The lowest Vickers hardness values achieved were approximately 80 kg mm−2 in the as‐deposited state and 50 kg mm−2 after annealing at 350°C for 30 min in air. The relationship between hardness and microstructure of the deposit was also examined.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1,3-diarylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines. (2003)

This paper describes the synthesis of 4,5-diaminoderivatives of pyrimidine and pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidines and evaluation of their antibacterial activity on 9 selected bacterial species relatif the changes in the chemical structure to an increase in the bioactive properties.