gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of final follicular maturation and early luteinization in women undergoing ovulation induction for assisted reproduction treatment--recombinant HCG versus urinary HCG (2000)

This multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (rHCG) (Ovidrel®) and urinary HCG (uHCG) (Profasi®) for inducing final follicular maturation and early luteinization in women undergoing ovulation induction for assisted reproduction treatment. Following long down-regulation and stimulation with recombinant human FSH (rFSH) (Gonal-F®), a total of 190 women received a single, s.c. injection of either 250 μg rHCG or 5000 IU uHCG. For evaluable patients (n = 172), the mean number of oocytes retrieved per patient (primary efficacy endpoint) was 11.6 for rHCG and 10.6 for uHCG (not significant). The mean number of mature oocytes was statistically higher (P = 0.027) for the rHCG group than the uHCG (9.4 versus 7.1). Serum progesterone concentrations on day 1 and days 6–7 post-HCG, and serum HCG concentrations at all post-HCG time points were statistically significantly in favour of rHCG. The clinical pregnancy rate was somewhat higher (not significant) in the rHCG group (33 versus 25%) as was the live birth rate (27 versus 23%, not significant). Both treatments were well tolerated, though the incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in the uHCG group (45.1 versus 22.7%, P = 0.0004). The incidence of injection-site reactions was significantly lower in the rHCG group (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, for triggering ovulation, rHCG seems to have significant advantages compared with uHCG in terms of number of mature oocytes retrieved, luteal progesterone and local tolerance.
A New Hybrid Fault Detection Method for Wind Turbine Blades Using Recursive PCA and Wavelet-Based PDF (2019)

This paper introduces a new condition monitoring approach for extracting fault signatures in wind turbine blades by utilizing the data from a real-time Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. A hybrid fault detection system based on a combination of Generalized Regression Neural Network Ensemble for Single Imputation (GRNN-ESI) algorithm, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and wavelet-based Probability Density Function (PDF) approach is proposed in this work. The proposed fault detection strategy accurately detects incipient blade failures and leads to improved maintenance cost and availability of the system. Experimental test results based on data from a wind farm in southwestern Ontario, Canada, illustrate the effectiveness and high accuracy of the proposed monitoring approach.
Early Loss of Thrombomodulin Expression Impairs Vein Graft Thromboresistance (2002)

Thrombosis is the major cause of early vein graft failure. Our aim was to determine whether alterations in the expression of the anticoagulant proteins, thrombomodulin (TM) and the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR), impair endothelial thromboresistance that may contribute to vein graft failure. Immunohistochemical staining of autologous rabbit vein graft sections revealed that the expression of TM, but not EPCR, was reduced significantly early after graft implantation. Western blot analysis revealed that TM expression was reduced by >95% during the first 2 weeks after implantation, with gradual but incomplete recovery by 42 days. This resulted in up to a 95% reduction in the capacity of the grafts to activate protein C and was associated with an increase in bound thrombin activity, which peaked on day 7 at 28.7 +/- 3.8 mU/cm(2) and remained elevated for more than 14 days. Restoration of TM expression using adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer significantly enhanced the capacity of grafts to activate protein C and reduced bound thrombin activity on day 7 to levels comparable to that of normal veins (5.7 +/- 0.4 versus 5.2 +/- 1.1 mU/cm(2), respectively, P=0.74). Surprisingly, neointima formation was not affected by this inhibition of local thrombin activity. These data suggest that the early loss of TM expression significantly impairs vein graft thromboresistance and results in enhanced local thrombin generation. Although enhanced local thrombin generation may predispose to early vein graft failure due to thrombosis, it does not seem to contribute significantly to late vein graft failure due to neointimal hyperplasia.
“New”‐clear functions of PDK1: Beyond a master kinase? (2005)

Activation of cytosolic phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) signaling pathway has been well established to regulate gene expression, cell cycle, and survival by feeding signals to the nucleus. In addition, strong evidences accumulated over the past few years indicate the presence of an autonomous inositol lipid metabolism and PI-3K signaling within the nucleus. Much less, however, is known about the role and regulation of this nuclear PI-3K pathway. Components of the PI-3K signaling pathway, including PI 3-kinase and its downstream kinase Akt, have been identified at the nuclear level. Consistent with the presence of a complete PI-3K signaling pathway in the nucleus, we have recently found that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), a kinase functioning downstream of PI-3K and upstream of Akt, is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein. In the present review, we update our current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms and the functional roles of PDK1 nuclear translocation. We also summarize some of the kinase-independent activities of PDK1 in cell signaling.
Thermal conductivity of graphene and graphite (2013)

The thermal conductivities of graphene and graphite are computed within the framework of Callaway's effective relaxation time theory. Analytical expressions derived by Nihira and Iwata for phonon dispersion relations and vibrational density of states are employed, based on the semicontinuum model proposed by Komatsu and Nagamiya. The conductivity of graphene is predicted to be higher than the in-plane conductivity of graphite for all temperatures. Incorporation of the ${}^{13}$C isotope can be expected to produce significant reduction in the conductivity of graphene in the temperature range 50--300 K. In the presence of tensile strain on graphene, the specific heat increases, but the conductivity can decrease or increase depending on the level of the purity and temperature of the sample.
Assay System for the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as an Artificial Recognition Element (1998)

Noncovalent molecular imprinting of a synthetic polymer with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid has been achieved in the presence of the polar solvents methanol and water. Formation of the prearranged complex relied on hydrophobic and ionic interactions between the template and the functional monomer 4-vinylpyridine. The polymer obtained binds the original template with an appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. The potential use of micrometer-sized imprinted polymer particles as the recognition element in a radioligand binding assay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is demonstrated.
Mutual exploration of FinFET technology and circuit design options for implementing compact brute-force latches (2009)

Various circuit topologies and FinFET technology options for implementing brute-force latches are explored in this paper. New low-power multi-threshold voltage (multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) FinFET brute force latches based on gate-drain/source overlap engineering and independent-gate bias are proposed. Different brute-force latches are characterized and compared for active mode power consumption, propagation delay, setup time, leakage power consumption, layout area, and static noise margin. The clock power is minimized with the multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> latches that combine the independent-gate bias and gate underlap engineering techniques. Alternatively, the total active mode power and the leakage power are minimized with the multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> latches that combine the independent-gate bias and work-function engineering techniques. With the multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> latches, the total active mode power consumption, the clock power, and the average leakage power are reduced by up to 50.3%, 22%, and 47%, respectively, while maintaining similar speed and data stability as compared to the standard single-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> circuits. Furthermore, the area is reduced by up to 21% with the multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> latches as compared to the circuits with single-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> tied-gate transistors in a 32nm FinFET technology. The FinFET latches with gate-drain/source overlap engineering are easier to implement with fewer processing steps as compared to the previously published latches based on independent-gate bias and work-function engineering.
Characterization of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 protease produced by rat articular chondrocytes and a neuroblastoma cell line. (1996)

Both articular cartilage and the central nervous system are target organs for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). We have previously described the hormonal regulation of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the conditioned media (CM) of rat articular chondrocytes and in a rat neuroblastoma cell line (B104). In the studies presented here, we have investigated the role of IGFBP-5 proteases in these complex systems. Proteolysis of [125I] IGFBP-5 was maximal after 2-3 h incubation with CM of either cell type and did not further increase, even with an incubation of 12 h. Assessment of the effect of pH on protease activity showed that proteolysis was active between pH 6 and pH 9, but not at more acidic pH. Among the various protease inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors [benzamidine (100 mM), aprotinin (1 mg/ml), PMSF (10 mM)] and metalloprotease inhibitors [EDTA (1 mM), 1,10-phenanthroline (10 mM)] were the most effective in inhibiting the proteolysis of IGFBP-5, whereas aspartic and cysteine protease inhibitors were ineffective. These results indicate that the IGFBP-5 protease in the conditioned medium of rat articular chondrocytes and B104 cells belongs to a family of serine-metallo proteases. Interestingly, divalent cations, such as Zn+2 (1 mM) and Ca+2 (10 mM) also inhibited the IGFBP-5 proteolysis. This effect was not observed with monovalent ions, such as Na+ and K+. We also examined the effect of IGFs on IGFBP-5 protease activity, and found that IGF-I and -II inhibited the proteolysis in cell-free conditioned medium, while des(1-3) IGF-I was less effective. The IGFs may act to protect [125I] IGFBP-5 from the proteases in the CM, although the precise mechanism remains unknown. Thus, IGFBP-5 protease activity produced by both rat articular cartilage and B104 cells is a serine-metallo protease, that is inhibited by divalent cations and in the presence of IGF.
Introducing Objectcharts or how to use Statecharts in object-oriented design (1992)

A notation called Objectcharts for specifying object classes is introduced. An Objectchart diagram is an extended form of a Statechart, which characterizes the behavior of a class as a state machine. The Objectchart transitions correspond to the state-changing methods that the class provides and those that it requires of other classes. Object attributes and observer methods annotate Objectchart states. Firing and postconditions are used to specify the effect of transitions on class attributes. The Objectchart notions is described through the development of an alarm clock application. How Objectcharts can be used to find subtyping inheritance relationships between classes and a systematic approach for evolving Objectchart specifications are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
John W. Dafoe, 1866–1944 (1944)

A follower of Marshall and Taussig, Professor Balcom was nevertheless alive to the implications of "welfare" economics and the "institutional" approach. The Athenaeum pays him this tribute: "As a teacher, his sound thinking, balanced judgment, and unique style of presentation won for him the admiration and love of his students. Economics under 'Chirpie' became no longer a 'course' of intricate and complicated rules and systems, but rather an easily understood and vital subject with unlimited fields for research and possibilities
Contemporary Issues in Electron Transfer Research (1996)

This is an overview of some of the important, challenging, and problematic issues in contemporary electron transfer research. After a qualitative discussion of electron transfer, its time and distance scales, energy curves, and basic parabolic energy models are introduced to define the electron transfer process. Application of transition state theory leads to the standard Marcus formulation of electron transfer rate constants. Electron transfer in solution is coupled to solvent polarization effects, and relaxation processes can contribute to and even control electron transfer. The inverted region, in which electron transfer rate constants decrease with increasing exoergicity, is one of the most striking phenomena in electron transfer chemistry. It is predicted by both semiclassical and quantum mechanical models, with the latter appropriate if there are coupled high- or medium-frequency vibrations. The intramolecular reorganizational energy has different contributions from different vibrational modes, which, in favorable cases, can be measured on a mode-by-mode basis by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Alternatively, mode-averaging procedures are available for including multimode contributions based on absorption or emission spectra. Rate constants for intramolecular electron transfer depend on electronic coupling and orbital overlap and, therefore, on distance. Mixed-valence systems have provided an important experimental platform for investigating solvent and structural effects and the transition between localized and delocalized behavior. One of the important developments in electron transfer is the use of absorption and emission measurements to calculate electron transfer rate constants. Ultrafast electron transfer measurements have been used to uncover nonequilibrium relaxation effects, an area that presents special challenges to the understanding of the dynamics and relaxation of the coupled processes. Electron transfer in the gas phase offers substantial insights into the nature of the electron transfer process. Similarly, electron transport in conductive polymers and synthetic metals depends on the basic principles of electron transfer, with some special nuances of their own.
Rapid exploration of pipelined processors through automatic generation of synthesizable RTL models (2004)

As embedded systems continue to face increasingly higher performance requirements, deeply pipelined processor architectures are being employed to meet desired system performance. System architects critically need modeling techniques to rapidly explore and evaluate candidate architectures based on area, power, and performance constraints. We present an exploration framework for pipelined processors. We use the EXPRESSION Architecture Description Language (ADL) to capture a wide spectrum of processor architectures. The ADL has been used to enable performance driven exploration by generating a software toolkit from the ADL specification. In this paper, we present a functional abstraction technique to automatically generate synthesizable RTL from the ADL specification. Automatic generation of RTL enables rapid exploration of candidate architectures under given design constraints such as area, clock frequency, power, and performance. Our exploration results demonstrate the power of reuse in composing heterogeneous architectures using functional abstraction primitives allowing for a reduction in the time for specification and exploration by at least an order of magnitude.
Comparison of jet and ultrasonic nebulizer pulmonary aerosol deposition during mechanical ventilation (1997)

Increased delivery of aerosol to a model lung (attached to a mechanical ventilator) has been demonstrated with an ultrasonic nebulizer as compared to a jet nebulizer. This study examined whether the increased aerosol deposition with an ultrasonic nebulizer could also be demonstrated in vivo. Seven patients (6 male and 1 female) were studied during mechanical ventilalion (Siemens Servo 900C, Middlesex, UK) after open heart surgery. Two studies were performed in each patient. In the first study, aerosol was delivered via a Siemens Servo 945 nebulizer system (high setting) driving a System 22 Acorn jet nebulizer (Medic-Aid, Sussex, UK) containing 3 mL (99m)technetium-labelled human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA) (50 microg; activity 74 MBq). In the second study, a DP100 ultrasonic nebulizer (DP Medical, Meylan, France) containing 12 mL 99mTc-HSA (50 microg; activity 185 MBq) was used. Pulmonary deposition was quantified using a gamma camera. The humidification of the circuit and the ventilator settings were kept constant according to the patient's clinical requirements. The total lung aerosol deposition (mean+/-SD), as a percentage of initial nebulizer activity, was greater using the ultrasonic nebulizer than using the jet nebulizer (53+/-1.4 vs 2.3+/-0.9%; p<0.002). The ultrasonic nebulizer was also associated with a reduction in the time required to complete nebulization (9 vs 21 min, respectively) (p<0.0001). Use of the DP100 ultrasonic nebulizer more than doubled lung deposition compared with the System 22 jet nebulizers in mechanically-ventilated patients. Their efficiency, speed of drug delivery, and compatibility with mechanical ventilator circuits make ultrasonic nebulizers potentially attractive for use during mechanical ventilation.
Telecom Customer Churn Prediction Method Based on Cluster Stratified Sampling Logistic Regression (2014)

This paper provides a novel and efficient method for predicting potential customer churn from imbalanced data set of Orange Telecom and UCI. Customer churn is always a rare event, but it is necessary to be paid attention. The main intended contribution of this paper is to apply binary logistic regression model (LRM), which seldom be used in the problem of imbalanced data prediction. The parameters estimated for the data gathered with serious problem of imbalance, therefore we take stratified sampling method, and improve traditional logistic regression model parameters estimated methods. The experimental results show that our prediction method performs satisfactorily, and it can be effective to forecast the telecom customer churn.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Monoclonal Antibody Immunoassay for Detection of Turkey Meat in Beef and Pork (1995)

ABSTRACT Relative epitope binding positions on turkey muscle LDH of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was determined by comparing the absorbance by sandwich ELISA from different combinations of capture and biotinlabeled detector MAbs. Epitopes for MAbs E6B and B3C were close to each other. Binding of MAb B3C and G4D did not inhibit binding of D5E to LDH, thus a sandwich ELISA using D5E as capture MAb, and biotin‐labeled B3C as detector MAb was developed. The LDH MAb sandwich ELISA detected 1% adulteration of turkey breast or thigh muscle in raw beef and pork.
UV-Imprinted Single-Mode Waveguides With Low Loss at Visible Wavelength (2013)

We demonstrate polymeric single-mode waveguides with low loss at visible wavelength. Inverted ridge waveguides were fabricated by a low-cost UV-imprinting method. An average propagation loss of 0.19 dB/cm was obtained at 638 nm wavelength by investigating the transmission properties of spiral waveguides with the overall length of 23.3 cm. Payne-Lacey scattering model predicts that the scattering loss due to imprint replication is dominated by the sidewall roughness. It is envisaged that the used low-cost fabrication method and waveguide configuration can have potential in power budget sensitive applications.
The Role of cAMP-dependent Signaling in Receptor-recognized Forms of α2-Macroglobulin-induced Cellular Proliferation (2002)

Ligation of alpha(2)-macroglobulin receptors by receptor-recognized forms of alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M*) activates various signaling cascades and promotes cell proliferation. It also elevates cAMP in murine peritoneal macrophages. We now report that a significant elevation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) occurs in alpha(2)M*-stimulated cells, and this effect is potentiated by isobutylmethylxanthine, dibutyryl-cAMP, or forskolin. An alpha(2)M* concentration-dependent rapid increase in phosphorylated CREB at Ser(133) also occurred, a necessary event in its activation. Inhibition of Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase, protein kinases A and C, tyrosine kinases, ribosomal S6 kinase, farnesyl transferase, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase markedly reduce alpha(2)M*-induced phosphorylation of CREB, indicating a role for the p21(ras)-dependent and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways in regulating CREB activation by alpha(2)M*. Finally, silencing the CREB gene by transfecting cells with a homologous gene sequence double-stranded RNA drastically reduced the expression of CREB and blocked the ability of alpha(2)M* to promote macrophage cell division. We conclude that cAMP-dependent signal transduction as well as other signaling cascades are essential for alpha(2)M*-induced cell proliferation.
Multimedia presentation development using the Audio Visual Connection (1990)

This paper describes the technology behind the creation of multimedia presentations using a new IBM program product, the Audio Visual Connection® (AVC™). The multimedia approach represents a major innovation in computer technology involving new concepts such as the digitization of audio and video, the involvement of the Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), and the creation of a multimedia story. Two hardware adapters support the AVC: the Audio Capture and Playback Adapter and the Video Capture Adapter. When used with these adapters, the AVC digitizes both stereo audio and color video, performs powerful edit and synchronization functions, defines an interactive user environment, and creates a multimedia presentation using standard IBM Personal System/2® hardware. Additional input is available from MIDI song files, screen capture, and non-AVC image systems. Final results range from passive presentations to interactive applications to sophisticated database front ends.