gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterocyclic compounds from 3,3‐dimercapto‐1‐aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones. Note 1. 4‐Ary1‐1,3‐dihydro‐2<i>H</i>‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones (1973)

Abstract A series of new 4‐aryl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2 H ‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones ( 3 ) has been synthesized by condensing the 3,3‐dimercapto‐1‐aryl‐2‐propen‐1‐ones with o ‐phenylenediamine. The structure was established by the results of acid cleavage and by nmr spectra. The alkylation of compounds 3 gave 2‐alkylthio‐4‐aryl‐3 H ‐1,5 benzodiazepines ( 10 ).
Bi-directional Kirkendall Effect in Coaxial Microtube Nanolaminate Assemblies Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition (2009)

The solid-state reaction within a coaxial Al2O3/ZnO/Al2O3 multilayered microtubular structure can be used to prepare discrete microtube-in-microtube ZnAl2O4 spinel assemblies through a Kirkendall void production mechanism at 700 degrees C. In contrast with previous studies of the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, the reaction observed here proceeds through a bi-directional vacancy diffusion mechanism wherein ZnO species diffuse into inner- and outer-Al2O3 concentric layers, thereby resulting in vacancy supersaturation and void production between two isolated spinel microtubes. Low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 and ZnO enables the fabrication of complex coaxial multilayered microtubes with precise control of the starting film thicknesses and relative composition. When a molar excess of ZnO is present between two Al2O3 layers, electron microscopy images reveal incomplete ZnO consumption after annealing at 700 degrees C. At higher initial Al2O3 concentrations, however, complete reaction with ZnO is observed, and the size of the Kirkendall gap between isolated spinel microtubes appears to be directly influenced by the thickness of the intermediate ZnO layer.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) gag gene expression by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate. (1995)

We have employed a cos-like monkey kidney cell line (B4.14) transfected with plasmids pCMVgag-pol-rre-r (containing the HIV gag and pol genes) and pCMVrev (containing the HIV rev gene), as a model to investigate whether antisense constructs could interfere with specific HIV gene and protein expression. We utilized an antisense construct (GP12A) directed against a non-regulatory region of the HIV genome, to transfect cells that expressed the above-mentioned HIV genes. Our results show that GP12A was able to attenuate levels of relevant HIV mRNA and gag proteins in the absence of cytotoxic effects.
User model for intelligent cooperative dialog system (2002)

We proposes user model that facilitates cooperative interaction between user and system. User modeling is useful for making a system interact cooperatively with the user, but should avoid asking the user too many questions during interaction. We propose an approach of modeling the user cooperatively while minimizing the frequency of questions for gathering information about the user.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Computing RAMs for media processing</title> (1997)

Integrating processing elements in DRAM makes very large bus widths available: at least 2K processing elements fit in a 4 Mb chip or 4 K in a 16 Mb DRAM. The processors can add an area overhead as low as 10% and power overhead of about 10 - 25%. To get these efficiencies, the processors have to be pitch-matched to the DRAM. Interprocessor communication is also severely limited, especially when going 'off-chip' while retaining low-cost packaging. These 'computing RAMs' (C$CCLRAM) can form the main memory for SISD or MIMD hosts, making their contributions to the computing load scalable. The SIMD nature of C$CCLRAM matches large image-processing tasks with high uniformity and locality of reference, making real-time DCT, anti-aliasing and a variety of transformations available at the low cost required for consumer applications. Even given a PE 'budget' of 70 - 200 transistors, and with the limited interconnect characteristic of low-cost DRAM, there are quite a few architectural choices available to the computer architect. These can be made to favor the data widths and operations needed for image processing while retaining good generality.
Prosthetic aortic heart valves: Modeling and design (2010)

Although heart valve replacement is among the most common cardiovascular surgical procedures, their outcome is often difficult to predict. One of the reasons is the design and choice of the materials used for the fabrication of the prostheses. This review paper describes the use of modeling techniques in prosthetic heart valve (HV) design and aims at the justification and development of a polymer based trileaflet mechanical heart valve (MHV). The closing/opening phase behavior of the bileaflet MHV was investigated. The potential problem of valve failure due to crack propagation in the brittle pyrolytic carbon leaflet was also discussed. These studies suggest that although bileaflet MHV performs satisfactorily, there are justifications for improvement. Since the native aortic HV is trileaflet and made of anisotropic and hyperelastic tissue, one possible approach to a better MHV design is based on our ability to closely mimic the natural geometry and biomaterial properties.
In vitro effects of three new 1,2,4-trioxanes (pentatroxane, thiahexatroxane, and hexatroxanone) on Toxoplasma gondii (1989)

The in vitro effects of three synthetic, cis-fused, bicyclic 1,2,4-trioxanes (pentatroxane, thiahexatroxane, and hexatroxanone) against intracellular Toxoplasma gondii were studied. Unactivated peritoneal macrophages were infected with the virulent RH strain of T. gondii and exposed to the 1,2,4-trioxanes at different concentrations. The antitoxoplasmic activity of the drugs was first assessed with [3H]uracil, which is incorporated by the parasite but not the host cell. Pentatroxane and thiahexatroxane were the most active, exhibiting 90% inhibitory concentrations of 6.8 and 5.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. Furthermore, microscopic examination of the infected macrophages after treatment with pentatroxane, thiahexatroxane, and hexatroxanone at their respective 90% inhibitory concentrations confirmed the inhibition of intracellular growth of T. gondii. Their activities were comparable to those of pyrimethamine (1 micrograms/ml) and pyrimethamine (0.1 micrograms/ml) in combination with sulfadiazine (25 micrograms/ml). Pentatroxane and thiahexatroxane were also able to inhibit intracellular growth of T. gondii within nonprofessional phagocytes (HeLa cells), suggesting that the antitoxoplasmic activity was not caused by a macrophage-specific mechanism, such as macrophage activation. However, the 1,2,4-trioxanes were not active against extracellular T. gondii. Pentatroxane and thiahexatroxane are new, promising compounds that deserve further study to assess their usefulness for treating toxoplasmosis.
Nanoscopic Patterned Materials with Tunable Dimensions via Atomic Layer Deposition on Block Copolymers (2010)

Selective self-limited interaction of metal precursors with self-assembled block copolymer substrates, combined with the unique molecular-level management of reactions enabled by the atomic layer deposition process, is presented as a promising controllable way to synthesize patterned nanomaterials (e.g., Al2O3 see Figure, TiO2, etc.) with uniform and tunable dimensions.
Single channel speech music separation using nonnegative matrix factorization and spectral masks (2011)

A single channel speech-music separation algorithm based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with spectral masks is proposed in this work. The proposed algorithm uses training data of speech and music signals with nonnegative matrix factorization followed by masking to separate the mixed signal. In the training stage, NMF uses the training data to train a set of basis vectors for each source. These bases are trained using NMF in the magnitude spectrum domain. After observing the mixed signal, NMF is used to decompose its magnitude spectra into a linear combination of the trained bases for both sources. The decomposition results are used to build a mask, which explains the contribution of each source in the mixed signal. Experimental results show that using masks after NMF improves the separation process even when calculating NMF with fewer iterations, which yields a faster separation process.
Regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by sex steroids in vivo: further evidence for the existence of a second dehydrogenase in rat kidney (1993)

11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) catalyses the reversible conversion of corticosterone to inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone, thus regulating glucocorticoid access to mineralocorticoid and perhaps glucocorticoid receptors in vivo. 11 beta-OHSD has been purified from rat liver and an encoding cDNA isolated from a liver library. However, several lines of indirect evidence suggest the existence of at least two isoforms of 11 beta-OHSD, one found predominantly in glucocorticoid receptor-rich tissues and the other restricted to aldosterone-selective mineralocorticoid target tissues and placenta. Here we have examined the effects of chronic (10 day) manipulations of sex-steroid levels on 11 beta-OHSD enzyme activity and mRNA expression in liver, kidney and hippocampus and present further evidence for the existence of a second 11 beta-OHSD isoform in kidney. Gonadectomized male and female rats were given testosterone, oestradiol or blank silicone elastomer capsules, controls were sham-operated. In male liver, gonadectomy+oestradiol treatment led to a dramatic decrease in both 11 beta-OHSD activity (69 +/- 8% decrease) and mRNA expression (97 +/- 1% decrease). Gonadectomy and testosterone replacement had no effect on male liver 11 beta-OHSD. However, in female liver, where 11 beta-OHSD activity is approximately 50% of that in male liver, gonadectomy resulted in a marked increase in 11 beta-OHSD activity (120 +/- 37% rise), which was reversed by oestradiol replacement but not testosterone treatment. In male kidney, gonadectomy+oestradiol treatment resulted in a marked increase in 11 beta-OHSD activity (103 +/- 4% rise). By contrast, 11 beta-OHSD mRNA expression was almost completely repressed (99 +/- 0.1% decrease) by oestradiol treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Friction of Teflon Sliding on Teflon (1955)

The low coefficient of friction for Teflon sliding on Teflon, as observed previously by others, has been found in this study to hold only if low sliding speeds and newly prepared surfaces are used. At high sliding speed, the nature of the surface is irreversibly changed such that subsequent sliding at low speed reveals a two- to threefold increase in the friction coefficient. In addition to the effect of high speed sliding, there are reversible changes in the friction of Teflon on Teflon dependent in part on temperature. As the temperature of Teflon is increased from below room temperature, a sharp and pronounced increase in the coefficient of friction is observed in the vicinity of 20°C. The existence of a phase transition in Teflon at this temperature indicates a close correlation between the frictional and the structural properties of this material.
The Surface-Tension Method of Visually Inspecting Honeycomb-Core Sandwich Plates (1960)

When one face of a metal-honeycomb-core sandwich plate is heated or cooled relative to the other, heat transfer through the core causes the temperature on each face at the lines of contact with the core to be slightly different from that on the rest of the face. If a thin liquid film is applied to the face, the variation of surface tension with temperature causes the liquid to move from warmer to cooler areas and thus to develop a pattern corresponding to the temperature pattern on the face. Irregularities in the pattern identify the locations where the core is not adequately bonded to the face sheet. The pattern is easily observed when a fluorescent liquid is used and illumination is by means of ultraviolet light. Observation in ordinary light is also possible when a very deeply colored liquid is used. A method based on the use of a thermographic phosphor to observe the temperature pattern was found to be less sensitive than the surface-tension method. A sublimation method was found to be not only less sensitive but also far more troublesome.
Dengue in Brazil (2012)

Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-04T12:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nS0037-86822012000300001.pdf: 555609 bytes, checksum: e4c23cebfbbe560c76b0cc4e60d0806d (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2012
Novel Three‐Dimensional Mesoporous Silicon for High Power Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode Material (2011)

A lotus-root-like three-dimensional mesoporous silicon is successfully prepared by a magnesiothermic reduction method using SBA-15 silica as both template and silicon precursor. After carbon coating via a chemical vapor deposition process, this anode material shows high reversible capacity of ∼1900 mAh g−1 and excellent rate performance even up to 15C. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Facile Synthesis of 4-Arylpyridines with an Electron-Withdrawing Group on the Benzene Ring (1992)

4-Arylpyridines 5 which contain an electron-withdrawing group on the benzene ring were synthesized in moderate yields by reaction of mixed copper/zinc aryl organometallics 1 with various 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyridinium chlorides 2 followed by o-chloranil oxidization under reflux in toluene.
Two NOD <i>Idd</i>‐associated intervals contribute synergistically to the development of autoimmune exocrinopathy (Sjögren's syndrome) on a healthy murine background (2002)

Genes located within the 2 chromosomal intervals Idd3 and Idd5 appear necessary and sufficient for manifestation of AEC. We propose that this murine model of SS-like disease be designated C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2. Identification of specific genes within the Aec1 and Aec2 genetic regions should help elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying SS-like disease.
Asthma and leukotrienes: antileukotrienes as novel anti‐asthmatic drugs (1999)

Antileukotriene drugs inhibit the formation or action of leukotrienes, which are potent lipid mediators generated from arachidonic acid in lung tissue and inflammatory cells. The leukotrienes were discovered in basic studies of arachidonic acid metabolism in leucocytes 20 years ago and were found to display a number of biological activities which may contribute to airway obstruction. Clinical studies with antileukotriene drugs have indeed demonstrated that leukotrienes are significant mediators of airway obstruction evoked by many common trigger factors in asthma. Moreover, treatment trials have established that this new class of drugs has beneficial anti-asthmatic properties, and several antileukotrienes have recently been introduced as new therapy of asthma. This communication presents an overview of the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, their biological effects and clinical effects of antileukotrienes in the treatment of asthama.
Initial Characterization of the Vitamin D Binding Protein (Gc-Globulin) Binding Site on the Neutrophil Plasma Membrane: Evidence for a Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan (1999)

The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a multifunctional plasma protein that can modulate certain immune and inflammatory responses. The diverse cellular functions of DBP appear to require cell surface binding to mediate these processes. Numerous reports have detected DBP bound to the surface of several cell types and would support the concept of a cell surface binding site for DBP. However, direct evidence for such a molecule has been lacking and essentially nothing is known about its basic biochemical properties. In the present study, radioiodinated DBP was used as a probe to characterize biochemically the neutrophil DBP binding site. Radiolabeled DBP binds to and remains associated with the plasma membrane and is not degraded. Quantitation of DBP binding to either intact cells or purified plasma membranes showed nonsaturable (linear) binding with positive cooperativity, possibly suggesting DBP oligomer formation. Solubilization of cell bound 125I-DBP with various nonionic and zwitterionic detergents demonstrated that DBP binds to a membrane macromolecule that partitions to the detergent insoluble fraction. Moreover, this molecule does not associate with the cytoskeleton. Cross-linking of radiolabeled DBP bound to plasma membranes increased the amount of protein that partitioned to the insoluble fraction, and analysis of these complexes by SDS-PAGE revealed that they may be very large since they did not enter the gel. Finally, treatment of plasma membranes with either proteases or chondroitinase ABC completely abrogated membrane binding of DBP, suggesting that the protein binds to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.
Image retrieval using blob histograms (2002)

We present a new method for image indexing and retrieval that is based on pixel statistics from varying spatial scales. The proposed method employs a structuring element to determine the frequency distribution of pixels locally in the image and to detect local groups of pixels with uniform color or texture attributes. The frequency distribution and relative sizes of such groups are summarized into a table termed as a blob histogram. By embedding spatial information, color blob histograms are able to distinguish images that have the same color pixel distribution but contain objects with different sizes or shapes, without the need for segmentation. Using isotropic structuring elements, blob histograms are invariant to rotations and translations of the objects in an image. Experimental results of using blob histograms in image retrieval are given in the paper.
An Efficient Evolution Method From TDM-PON to Next-Generation PON (2007)

An efficient evolution method from a time-division-multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) is proposed and demonstrated for a next-generation PON. A single-type three-port wavelength band combiner/splitter enables a simple and efficient evolution of TDM-PON maintaining the current PON infrastructure and wavelength plan. The crosstalk between the TDM-PON and next-generation PON is negligibly small
Plan-based complex event detection across distributed sources (2008)

Complex Event Detection (CED) is emerging as a key capability for many monitoring applications such as intrusion detection, sensor-based activity & phenomena tracking, and network monitoring. Existing CED solutions commonly assume centralized availability and processing of all relevant events, and thus incur significant overhead in distributed settings. In this paper, we present and evaluate communication efficient techniques that can efficiently perform CED across distributed event sources. Our techniques are plan-based: we generate multi-step event acquisition and processing plans that leverage temporal relationships among events and event occurrence statistics to minimize event transmission costs, while meeting application-specific latency expectations. We present an optimal but exponential-time dynamic programming algorithm and two polynomial-time heuristic algorithms, as well as their extensions for detecting multiple complex events with common sub-expressions. We characterize the behavior and performance of our solutions via extensive experimentation on synthetic and real-world data sets using our prototype implementation.
Genome-wide Interrogation of Germline Genetic Variation Associated With Treatment Response in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2009)

Host genetic variations are associated with treatment response for childhood ALL, with polymorphisms related to leukemia cell biology and host drug disposition associated with lower risk of residual disease.
Effect of applicator diameter on lesion size from high temperature interstitial ultrasound thermal therapy (2003)

High temperature ultrasound thermal therapy using interstitial and external approaches is becoming increasingly acceptable as a minimally invasive clinical treatment for cancerous and benign disease. The diameter of an interstitial applicator can influence its clinical practicality and effectiveness as well as application site. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of larger ultrasound transducers and the inherent increase in applicator size could be justified by potentially producing larger lesion diameters. Four applicator configurations and sizes were studied using ex vivo tissue experiments in liver and beef and using acoustic and biothermal simulations. Catheter-cooled and internally cooled applicators with outer diameters between 2.2 and 4.0 mm produced 3.5 to 5.0 cm diameter lesions in ex vivo liver and 3.0 to 3.5 cm lesions in ex vivo beef muscle with 20-40 W/cm applied for 10 min. Larger applicators produced lesions with radial penetration depths superior to their smaller counterparts at power levels in the 20-40 W/cm range. The higher cooling rates along the outer surface of the larger diameter applicators due to their greater surface area was a dominant factor in increasing lesion size. The higher cooling rates pushed the maximum temperature farther from the applicator surface and reduced the formation of high acoustic attenuation tissue zones. Applicator configuration and frequency (6.7-8.2 MHz) had less influence on lesion size than diameter in the ranges studied. Acoustic and biothermal simulations matched the experimental data well and were applied to model these applicators within sites of clinical interest such as prostate, uterine fibroid, brain, and normal liver. Lesions of 3.9 to 4.7 cm diameter were predicted for moderately perfused tissues such as prostate and fibroid and 2.8 to 3.2 cm for highly perfused tissues such as normal liver. In sites such as uterine fibroid where larger applicators placed using an endoscopic approach could be tolerated, treatment volume increases of 37% were predicted for an applicator diameter increase from 2.4 to 4.0 mm.
The Behavior of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer (2012)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the degradation of extracellular matrix components crucial for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. MMPs are controlled by natural inhibitors called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We and others have demonstrated that MMPs and TIMPs are especially important in the process of tumor invasion, progression and the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been proposed that MMPs and TIMPs might play a part not only in tumor invasion and initiation of metastasis but also in carcinogenesis from colorectal adenomas. Several recent studies demonstrated that high preoperative serum or plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 antigen levels are strong predictive factors for poor prognosis in patients with CRC and their determination might be useful for identification of patients with higher risk for cancer recurrence. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 have significant potential tumor marker impact in CRC. Their diagnostic sensitivity is consistently higher than those of conventional biomarkers. The pharmacological targeting of CRC by the development of a new generation of selective inhibitors of MMPs, that is highly specific for certain MMPs, is a promising and challenging area for the future.