gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A monolithic 24-GHz frequency source using InP-based HEMT-HBT integration technology (2002)

This paper presents the development of a 24-GHz monolithic frequency source using InP-based HEMT-HBT integration technology. This frequency source consists of a 24-GHz HBT voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a HEMT buffer amplifier, and was fabricated on a single 3-mil thick InP substrate. It exhibits a measured oscillation frequency of 24.6 GHz with an output power of 4.2 dBm. This is the first successful demonstration of MMIC using InP-based HEMT-HBT integration technology.
“Self” and “Nonself” Manipulation of Interferon Defense during Persistent Infection: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Resists Alpha/Beta Interferon without Blocking Antiviral Activity against Unrelated Viruses Replicating in Its Host Cells (2006)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), together with Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Border disease virus (BDV) of sheep, belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae. BVDV is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. Infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. In addition to evading the adaptive immune system, BVDV evades key mechanisms of innate immunity. Previously, we showed that ncp BVDV inhibits the induction of apoptosis and alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) synthesis by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Here, we report that (i) both ncp and cp BVDV block the induction by dsRNA of the Mx protein (which can also be induced in the absence of IFN signaling); (ii) neither biotype blocks the activity of IFN; and (iii) once infection is established, BVDV is largely resistant to the activity of IFN-alpha/beta but (iv) does not interfere with the establishment of an antiviral state induced by IFN-alpha/beta against unrelated viruses. The results of our study suggest that, in persistent infection, BVDV is able to evade a central element of innate immunity directed against itself without generally compromising its activity against unrelated viruses ("nonself") that may replicate in cells infected with ncp BVDV. This highly selective "self" and "nonself" model of evasion of the interferon defense system may be a key element in the success of persistent infection in addition to immunotolerance initiated by the early time point of fetal infection.
The preparation and immunological properties of 131I-labelled adrenocorticotrophin (1967)

1. A procedure is described for preparing (131)I-labelled adrenocorticotrophin suitable for use in radioimmunoassay. 2. Adsorption of labelled and unlabelled adrenocorticotrophin at low concentrations occurs to various surfaces despite the presence of diluent protein. Adsorption and desorption errors are minimized by low pH and by the use of polystyrene vials. 3. Preparations with low initial damage are obtained if the radioiodination is performed rapidly and the separation of (131)I-labelled adrenocorticotrophin from unchanged [(131)I]iodide is carried out on cellulose columns by using dilute acid. 4. The immunological activity of (131)I-labelled alpha(1-24)-adrenocorticotrophin, but not of (131)I-labelled porcine adrenocorticotrophin, decreases with increasing specific radioactivity. The involvement of tyrosine residues in the immunological specificity of the alpha(1-24)-adrenocorticotrophin only is suggested to explain this finding.
A new control strategy of the filling phase for wet dual clutch transmission (2015)

The traditional filling control strategy mainly relies on a large number of calibrations and is an open loop control. In order to avoid cumbersome calibrations and improve the control precision, a systematic approach of the filling control for wet dual clutch transmission is established in this paper. First, a model of the electro-hydraulic actuator for the wet dual clutch transmissions is presented and validated by the experiments. Then, an analytic solution method is developed for the filling control. To obtain the analytic solution of the filling pressure trajectory in the filling phase, the nonlinear mathematic model for wet clutches is transformed into a model in linear space by the feedback linearization, and then the optimal filling pressure trajectory is obtained based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. Furthermore, to improve the control accuracy of a variable force solenoid, a closed loop control based on adaptive generalized predictive control algorithm is applied to the developed model of the electro-hydraulic actuator to track the optimal filling pressure trajectory. The simulation results indicate that the control strategy is effective for solving the filling control problem.
Bakers' yeast-mediated synthesis of (R)-aminoglutethimide. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBakers' yeast-mediated synthesis of (R)-aminoglutethimide.Giovanni Fogliato, Giovanni Fronza, Claudio Fuganti, Piero Grasselli, and Stefano ServiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 17, 5693–5695Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00122a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cellular and molecular aspects of endotoxin reactions : proceedings of the 1st Congress of the International Endotoxin Society, San Diego, 9-12 May 1990 (1990)

Structure and function studies (introduciton and 14 papers) Cellular and molecular interactions of endotoxins and their consequences (introduction and 15 papers) Immune response elicited and/or modulated by endotoxin (introduction and 9 papers) Physioloyg and pathophysiology of endotoxic actions (introduction and 12 papers) index of authors.
International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth (2012)

Avulsion of permanent teeth is one of the most serious dental injuries, and a prompt and correct emergency management is very important for the prognosis. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the task group. The guidelines represent the current best evidence and practice based on literature research and professionals' opinion. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion or majority decision of the task group. Finally, the IADT board members were giving their opinion and approval. The primary goal of these guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate orurgent care of avulsed permanent teeth.
Microsoft Office XP 8-in-1 (2001)

From the Publisher:

Short easy-to-follow, self-paced tutorials cover all the features beginning and intermediate Office users need to know. It offers integrated support to all the components of Microsoft Office and Internet Explorer
Topics covered include:
Voice commands and dictation
The return to a flat simplified user interface
Smart tags
Built-in crash recovery features
Add Network Place Wizard
Collaborative document creation and editing
Silicon photodiode absolute spectral response self-calibration using a filtered tungsten source (1982)

A method of extending the silicon photodiode absolute spectral response self-calibration techniques to non-laser wavelengths using a tungsten source filtered with narrow well-characterized interference filters is described. Results are presented for comparisons of two photodiode self-calibrated with a laser source and for comparisons of two photodiodes self-calibrated with the filtered tungsten source. Results of the photodiode self-calibration with filtered tungsten radiation were verified by comparisons with a spectrally flat pyroelectric radiometer calibrated in terms of the self-calibration of photodiodes at the He-Ne laser wavelength. These data show that the method can be used to establish an absolute spectral response scale, from 0.400 to 0.800 microm, with an uncertainty of better than +/-1.0%. The scale realized by the self-calibration method is independent of lamp standards and blackbody detectors. The method can be used in any moderately equipped laboratory.
p21 <sup>WAF1/Cip1</sup> functions as a suppressor of malignant skin tumor formation and a determinant of keratinocyte stem-cell potential (1999)

p21(WAF1/Cip1) is one of the best characterized downstream targets of p53, and the growth suppressing function of this cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor is well established. However, whether p21 exerts a tumor-suppressing function of its own remains to be established. We report here that, similarly to loss of p53, disruption of the p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene results in a markedly increased susceptibility to chemically induced skin carcinoma formation, whereas the number of papillomas is reduced. Previous evidence indicates that malignant versus benign keratinocyte tumor formation is likely to involve distinct target-cell populations with a different commitment to differentiation. In parallel with the increased susceptibility to carcinoma formation, loss of p21(WAF1/Cip1) was found to promote keratinocyte subpopulations with increased growth/differentiation potential, including clonal growth capability, reversible commitment to differentiation, and capability to generate all types of terminally differentiated keratinocytes present in vivo, not only in the interfollicular epidermis but also in hair follicles. Thus, these findings have revealed a function of p21 as a suppressor of malignant but not benign skin-tumor formation and a determinant of the growth/differentiation potential of keratinocyte subpopulations.
Functional treatment of snoring based on the tongue-repositioning manoeuvre (2010)

Orofacial biofunction comprises muscular and physical effects, which may contribute to stabilization of the oropharyngeal airway. The tongue-repositioning manoeuvre (TRM) provides physical stabilization of the tongue and the soft palate together with, as a prerequisite, a nasal breathing mode. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a TRM treatment concept on primary snoring. The TRM was used to achieve a closed biofunctional rest position of the orofacial system and to re-educate the nasal breathing pattern. Pressure indicating oral shields were used for home exercises as a biofeedback instrument and to support nocturnal mouth closure. Treatment was undertaken on 125 consecutive primary snorers [101 males, mean age 52.4 years, range 34-75, mean body mass index (BMI) 28.1, range 18.9-38.5, and 24 females, mean age 55.2 years, range 36-70, mean BMI 26.8, range 22.7-31.9]. Bed partner ranking was performed, and snoring was judged using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS score was 8.4 (range 6-10) before treatment and decreased to 4.1 (range 0-10) after treatment [mean observation time 4.6 months (1-10)]. Analysis of variance showed a significant influence of treatment in subjects with a normal body weight (BMI 18.5-25). The data provide evidence that dynamic stabilization of the orofacial system with the TRM in conjunction with nocturnal wear of an oral shield is beneficial for reducing the symptoms in primary snorers with a normal BMI.
Latex-Particle-Stabilized Emulsions of Anti-Bancroft Type (2006)

Here, we investigate water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions that are stabilized by polystyrene latex particles with sulfate surface groups. The particles, which play the role of emulsifier, are initially contained in the disperse (water) phase. The existence of such emulsions formally contradicts the empirical Bancroft rule. Theoretical considerations predict that the drop diameter has to be inversely proportional to the particle concentration, but should be independent of the volume fraction of water. In addition, there should be a second emulsification regime, in which the drop diameter is determined by the input mechanical energy during the homogenization. The existence of these two regimes has been experimentally confirmed, and the obtained data agree well with the theoretical model. Stable W/O emulsions have been produced with hexadecane and tetradecane, while, in the case of more viscous and polar oils (soybean and silicone oil), the particles enter into the oily phase, and Pickering emulsions cannot be obtained. The formation of stable emulsions demands the presence of a relatively high concentration of electrolyte that lowers the electrostatic barrier to particle adsorption at the oil-water interface. Because the attachment of particles at the drop surfaces represents a kind of coagulation, it turns out that the Schulze-Hardy rule for the critical concentration of coagulation is applicable also to emulsification, which has been confirmed with suspensions containing Na(+), Mg(2+), and Al(3+) counterions. The increase of the particle and electrolyte concentrations and the decrease of the volume fraction of water are other factors that facilitate emulsification in the investigated system. To quantify the combined action of these factors, an experimental stability-instability diagram has been obtained.
Transmit power allocation for successive interference cancellation in multicode MIMO systems (2008)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multicode transmission can provide high speed data services by transmitting independent parallel substreams from multiple antennas and through multicode channelization. In this paper, we first introduce an iterative two-stage successive interference cancellation (SIC) detection scheme for a multicode MIMO system. The proposed technique cancels the interference signals successively in the space domain followed by the code domain. Next, we develop various transmit power allocation schemes over different data substreams for the proposed detection process to improve error rate performance. The joint transmit power allocation is derived to make the post-detection signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) become the same for all substreams in both the space and code domains. As a computationally efficient scheme, we propose a two-stage power allocation scheme, which allocates the total transmit power to the substreams in the code domain at the first stage, and allocates this code domain power to the substreams in the space domain at the second stage. Furthermore, variable and constant power ratio (PR) schemes are derived to reduce the feedback overhead. In particular, the constant PR scheme utilizes the transmit power ratio determined by the long-term statistical properties of the fading channel amplitudes, and achieves significantly reduced feedback rate. Numerical results show that the proposed transmit power allocation schemes for the two-stage SIC significantly outperform the equal power allocation scheme.
Oxidation of Pharmaceuticals during Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Processes (2003)

This study investigates the oxidation of pharmaceuticals during conventional ozonation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) applied in drinking water treatment. In a first step, second-order rate constants for the reactions of selected pharmaceuticals with ozone (k(O3)) and OH radicals (k(OH)) were determined in bench-scale experiments (in brackets apparent k(O3) at pH 7 and T = 20 degrees C): bezafibrate (590 +/- 50 M(-1) s(-1)), carbamazepine (approximately 3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)), diazepam (0.75 +/- 0.15 M(-1) s(-1)), diclofenac (approximately 1 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (approximately 3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), ibuprofen (9.6 +/- 1.0 M(-1) s(-1)), iopromide (<0.8 M(-1) s(-1)), sulfamethoxazole (approximately 2.5 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), and roxithromycin (approximately 7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)). For five of the pharmaceuticals the apparent k(O3) at pH 7 was >5 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), indicating that these compounds are completely transformed during ozonation processes. Values for k(OH) ranged from 3.3 to 9.8 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Compared to other important micropollutants such as MTBE and atrazine, the selected pharmaceuticals reacted about two to three times faster with OH radicals. In the second part of the study, oxidation kinetics of the selected pharmaceuticals were investigated in ozonation experiments performed in different natural waters. It could be shown that the second-order rate constants determined in pure aqueous solution could be applied to predict the behavior of pharmaceuticals dissolved in natural waters. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of pharmaceuticals in drinking waters.
Role of myometrial activity in sperm transport through the genital tract and in fertilization in sows (2002)

The effects of stimulation and suppression of uterine contractility at about the time of insemination on sperm distribution and fertilization in multiparous sows are described. For assessment of fertilization, sows were inseminated about 28 h before (synchronized) ovulation and killed at day 5 after ovulation (n = 53). For assessment of sperm distribution, sows were inseminated about 20 h before expected ovulation and were killed 12 h later (n = 26). At 10 min before insemination, sows received an intrauterine infusion of one of three solutions: (i) saline (control); (ii) 0.60 mg clenbuterol hydrochloride to suppress contractility; or (iii) 1 mg cloprostenol to stimulate contractility. Both clenbuterol and cloprostenol reduced median fertilization rate (P < 0.05) and median number of accessory sperm cells (P < 0.05). Distribution of sperm cells was also affected by treatments. Clenbuterol increased, and cloprostenol decreased, the number of sperm cells (P < 0.05) in the proximal 20 cm of the uterine horn and in the uterotubal junction. In addition, clenbuterol tended to increase and cloprostenol tended to decrease the number of sperm cells in the isthmus, although these effects were not significant. However, relative to the number of sperm cells in the uterus, clenbuterol treatment reduced the number of sperm cells in the uterotubal junction and oviduct, in contrast to cloprostenol. Cloprostenol increased the reflux of semen during insemination. It is hypothesized that suppression of uterine contractility increases transuterine transport time, reducing the ability of sperm cells to enter the uterotubal junction and the oviduct. Stimulation of uterine contractility above a certain level probably increases reflux and impedes transuterine transport of sufficient numbers of sperm cells.
Ghosting, part 2; I am a wee bit stumped (2012)

Review(s) of: Ghosting, part 2, by Sean Curham; I am a wee bit stumped, by Johannes Blomqvist and Mark Harvey, Auckland Aotea Centre, Saturday, February 18.
The thermogenic properties of ephedrine/methylxanthine mixtures: human studies. (1986)

The thermogenic effect of an over-the-counter preparation containing 22 mg ephedrine, 30 mg caffeine and 50 mg theophylline was investigated in human volunteers with a predisposition to obesity and also in the lean. The ephedrine/methylxanthines mixture was twice as effective as ephedrine alone in increasing the fasting metabolic rate of both subject groups, and it normalized the reduced thermogenic response to a 1.25-MJ meal observed in those predisposed to obesity. Measurements of 24-h energy expenditure in a respirometer indicate that the mixture had no effect on the daily metabolic rate of the lean, but was effective in causing a significant 8 percent increase in the 24-h energy expenditure of those subjects predisposed to obesity. These studies indicate that relatively mild doses of dietary methylxanthines in combination with ephedrine can raise daily energy expenditure of those predisposed to obesity, mainly by correcting their defective thermogenic response to food. Such ephedrine/methylxanthine preparations could be useful as aids in the treatment of obesity.
The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity (2010)

In the last decade, the prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in populations worldwide. A less dramatic, but equally important increase has been seen in our knowledge of its effects on health and the burden it places on healthcare systems. This systematic review aims to assess the current published literature on the direct costs associated with obesity. A computerized search of English language articles published between 1990 and June 2009 yielded 32 articles suitable for review. Based on these articles, obesity was estimated to account for between 0.7% and 2.8% of a country's total healthcare expenditures. Furthermore, obese individuals were found to have medical costs that were approximately 30% greater than their normal weight peers. Although variations in inclusion/exclusion criteria, reporting methods and included costs varied widely between the studies, a lack of examination of how and why the excess costs were being accrued appeared to be a commonality between most studies. Accordingly, future studies must better explore how costs accrue among obese populations, in order to best facilitate health and social policy interventions.