gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the reliability of proven SPIDER group membership service guarantees (2004)

For safety-critical systems, it is essential to quantify the reliability of the assumptions that underlie proven guarantees. We investigate the reliability of the assumptions of the SPIDER group membership service with respect to transient and permanent faults. Modeling 12,600 possible system configurations, the probability that SPIDER's maximum fault assumption does not hold for an hour mission varies from less likely than l0/sup -11/ to more likely than 10/sup -3/. In most cases examined, a transient fault tolerance strategy was superior to the permanent fault tolerance strategy previously in use for the range of transient fault arrival rates expected in aerospace systems. Reliability of the maximum fault assumption (upon which the proofs are based) differs greatly when subjected to asymmetric, symmetric, and benign faults. This case study demonstrates the benefits of quantifying the reliability of assumptions for proven properties.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Block by Methionine Restriction in Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2000)

Previous studies have shown that dietary or pharmacological methionine restriction inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro or as xenografts in mice. We undertook the present studies to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which methionine restriction inhibits prostate cancer cell growth. We found that PC-3 and DU 145 cells stopped proliferating within six days in growth medium containing homocysteine in place of methionine. In contrast, proliferation of LNCaP cells was only partially inhibited by the absence of methionine. Using flow cytometry, we found that methionine restriction caused PC-3 cells to arrest in all phases of the cell cycle, but predominantly in the G2/M phase, whereas LNCaP cells accumulated exclusively in the G1 phase. Methionine restriction led to accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, as determined by Western blot analysis, and inhibited the enzymatic activities of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK2 and cdc2, as determined by an in vitro kinase assay: However, methionine restriction had little or no effect on CDK2 or cdc2 protein levels. Methionine restriction also induced PC-3 cells to undergo apoptosis, as indicated by the appearance of a typical nucleosomal ladder on gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA. We conclude that methionine restriction has potential as a novel treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
A Modification of Concurrent Dual BandRadio Receiver Architecture (2014)

Channels linking information sources and receivers are one of the fundamental blocks of all communication system. The size of the dust particle present in space, those of snows and rain drops are known to affect communication due to their diffracting and scattering effects. A concurrent dual band radio receiver architecture that can operate at both 900MHz and 1800MHz is proposed. The architecture is found to be feasible with additional advantages of low power consumption, light and small chip area. This result implies that, the problem of channel condition can be reduced if this architecture is adopted at both transmission and receptions points.
MENTOR: INTEGRATION OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM WITH A HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. (1987)

The MENTOR system is designed to address the problem of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients by monitoring their drug therapy. It combines the automated collection of data with the complex reasoning processes of expert systems into a computer system for continuously monitoring therapeutic interventions for hospitalized patients. it implements a patient monitoring cycle that follows and evaluates the treatment of individual patients and provides appropriate advisory messages to physicians and other health care professionals. At any point in time, the set of events of interest to the MENTOR system for a specific patient is determined by his or her current drug therapy, surgical procedures and laboratory tests. The MENTOR system builds a dynamic profile of these events for each patient that determines what types of monitoring will be done as well as when and what types of evaluation will be carried out each time an event is detected. The system's knowledge base currently deals with: a) Aminoglycosides, b) Surgical Prophylaxis, c) Digoxin, and d) Blood Culture Results. MENTOR is undergoing an extensive validation process using both constructed cases and cases drawn from charts from the University of Maryland Medical System to test the knowledge base.
Phase dependencies between longitudinal corneal apex displacement of human eye and cardiovascular system (2008)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) varies quasi-periodically due to blood pulsation in vessels inside the eye globe. This variations cause the eye deformations and displacements of the outer surface of the eye. The aim of this paper is to calculate the correlation between longitudinal corneal apex displacement and cardiovascular activity. Using ultrasound transducer at sampling frequency of 100Hz we have measured longitudinal corneal apex displacement (LCAD) of the left eye for 5 subjects. Synchronically we have registered ECG and blood pulsation signals at the same sampling frequency. Cross-correlation function was applied to investigate dependencies between these signals. To find time shift between LCAD and ECG or pulse, the time window of 3 seconds length have been chosen from all signals and had been shifting with the step of 0.01 seconds from 0 to 7s. For each shift the cross-correlation function and its extrema were calculated in the window area. We have obtained information about extrema position of cross-correlation function and its stability in time for particular subjects. The time shift between LCAD and ECG or pulse is individual feature of each subject. Such calculations may lead us to better understanding of pulse propagation in human eye and creation a non invasive method of eye hemodynamics and ocular diagnosis.
Scheduling Multiprocessor Tasks to Minimize Schedule Length (1986)

The problem considered in this paper is the deterministic scheduling of tasks on a set of identical processors. However, the model presented differs from the classical one by the requirement that certain tasks need more than one processor at a time for their processing. This assumption is especially justified in some microprocessor applications and its impact on the complexity of minimizing schedule length is studied. First we concentrate on the problem of nonpreemptive scheduling. In this case, polynomial-time algorithms exist only for unit processing times. We present two such algorithms of complexity O(n) for scheduling tasks requiring an arbitrary number of processors between 1 and k at a time where k is a fixed integer. The case for which k is not fixed is shown to be NP-complete. Next, the problem of preemptive scheduling of tasks of arbitrary length is studied. First an algorithm for scheduling tasks requiring one or k processors is presented. Its complexity depends linearly on the number of tasks. Then, the possibility of a linear programming formulation for the general case is analyzed.
MCP-1 Antibody Treatment Enhances Damage and Impedes Repair of the Alveolar Epithelium in Influenza Pneumonitis (2009)

Recent studies have demonstrated an essential role of alveolar macrophages during influenza virus infection. Enhanced mortalities were observed in macrophage-depleted mice and pigs after influenza virus infection, but the basis for the enhanced pathogenesis is unclear. This study revealed that blocking macrophage recruitment into the lungs in a mouse model of influenza pneumonitis resulted in enhanced alveolar epithelial damage and apoptosis, as evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, RT-PCR, and TUNEL assays. Abrogation of macrophage recruitment was achieved by treatment with monoclonal antibody against monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) after sub-lethal challenge with mouse-adapted human influenza A/Aichi/2/68 virus. Interestingly, elevated levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a mitogen for alveolar epithelium, were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage samples and in lung homogenates of control untreated and nonimmune immunoglobulin (Ig)G-treated mice after infection compared with anti-MCP-1-treated infected mice. The lungs of control animals also displayed strongly positive HGF staining in alveolar macrophages as well as alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia. Co-culture of influenza virus-infected alveolar epithelial cells with freshly isolated alveolar macrophages induced HGF production and phagocytic activity of macrophages. Recombinant HGF added to mouse lung explants after influenza virus infection resulted in enhanced BrdU labeling of alveolar type II epithelial cells, indicating their proliferation, in contrast with anti-HGF treatment showing significantly reduced epithelial regeneration. Our data indicate that inhibition of macrophage recruitment augmented alveolar epithelial damage and apoptosis during influenza pneumonitis, and that HGF produced by macrophages in response to influenza participates in the resolution of alveolar epithelium.
The transcription of bacterial luminescence is regulated by sigma 32 (1988)

Luminescence in the marine bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, is regulated by a small molecule, the autoinducer. The transcription of the V. fischeri lux genes also requires a regulatory protein, (luxR), cAMP and CRP. We show that, apart from these components, the transcription of the PR lux operon is also controlled by the activity of sigma 32 (htpR protein). In luminescent Escherichia coli (E. coli/pChv1), as well as in different marine luminous bacteria and their naturally occurring dark (K) variants, the luminescence system can be induced by starvation under microaerophilic conditions. Heat shock also induces luminescence in htpR+ but not in htpR- strains of E. coli/pChv1. An htpR- mutant of E. coli containing pChv1 is very dim and its luminescence is not induced by starvation or heat shock. The addition of a plasmid bearing the gene for htpR+ into such cells restores their response to starvation and heat shock. Cells of wild type E. coli/pChv1 that have been starved or heat shocked respond to lower concentrations of V. fischeri inducer than untreated cells. These cultures also produce more extracellular inducer than untreated cells. Starvation, heat shock and the presence of sigma 32 do not induce luminescence in luxl deleted E. coli/pChv1 cells. SOS-inducing agents advance the onset of luminescence in both htpR+ and htpR- strains but not in luxl deleted E. coli/pChvi cells. DNA sequencing of the luxR-luxl region reveals the presence of a promoter region of the kind typical for sigma 32 at the beginning of the luxl gene. In addition we find a LexA protein-DNA binding site in the non-consensus sequence for the -35 region of the PR operon. It is proposed that the regulatory protein-inducer complex displaces the LexA protein and allows the transcription of the right operon. SOS-inducing agents result in proteolysis of LexA protein and advance the onset of luminescence. sigma 32 enhances the transcription from the PR operon and thus initiates a positive control circuit. It seems that sigma 32 is the major controlling element in determining the onset of luminescence both in vivo and in vitro.
Gender comparison of RPE at absolute and relative physiological criteria (2000)

RPE did not differ between gender when comparisons were made at relativized VO2 and HR reference criteria at exercise intensities between 70 and 90% of mode specific maximal/peak values.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Limits Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (1998)

These results suggest that impaired muscle metabolism associated with early metabolic limitation determines exercise capacity during maximal systemic exercise in patients with CHF. There was a significant correlation between muscle metabolic capacity during systemic and local exercise in patients with CHF.
Role of Type I Myosins in Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis in Yeast (1996)

Type I myosins are thought to drive actin-dependent membrane motility, but the direct demonstration in vivo of their involvement in specific cellular processes has been difficult. Deletion of the genes MYO3 and MYO5, which encode the yeast type I myosins, almost abolished growth. A double-deleted mutant complemented with a MYO5 temperature-sensitive allele (myo5-1) showed a strong defect in the internalization step of receptor-mediated endocytosis, whereas the secretory pathway remained apparently unaffected. Thus, myosin I activity is required for a budding event in endocytosis but not for several other aspects of membrane traffic.
Real-Time Geological Positioning of a Well in the North Sea (2001)

Abstract This paper describes the pre-job and real-time geological modeling of a horizontal well in a field in the North Sea. Using the PayZone Steering™ (PZS™) system, LWD gamma ray and resistivity data were used to continuously locate the wellbore in the geological section, modifying the geologic model in real-time as needed. Drilling was assisted by the real-time transmission and display of the LWD information, including downhole pressure and computed ECD, at multiple locations both onshore and offshore. The well was planned to develop the Brent Sand by traversing two fault blocks, the second being downthrown and the primary target. The original geologic interpretation suggested major lithologic and stratigraphic differences between the two blocks. Therefore pre-job modeling was performed using three offset wells within the second fault block. In the drilled well, the formation in the second block proved approximately 20 meters higher than expected as confirmed by comparison with the offset wells. Significant facies changes in the channel sands made detailed correlations with the offset wells difficult. Fortunately for concurrent detailed analysis, the geology in both blocks proved similar and the drilled well penetrated the target sand in both the upthrown and downthrown blocks. As a result, the LWD logs acquired in the first (upthrown) block provided the best correlations with the horizontal section, allowing for accurate determination of the well's geologic position. The project team was thus able to successfully detect formation tops that were different from the modeled geology, continuously locate the position of the wellpath in the geologic section, and update the geologic model in a timely fashion. This information was then used to dynamically modify the drilling program.
Space-time iterative receivers for narrowband multichannel networks (2002)

The iterative MMSE multiuser detection paradigm is applied to the suppression of cochannel interference in the coded narrowband (multicell) uplink. The equivalent of multiple chips per bit (necessary for MMSE multiuser demodulation) is generated via multisensor reception, the array responses serving as user signatures. This receiver's robustness to overloading allows its sensor count to be much lower than the typical number of other-cell cochannel interferers. A permutation transmit diversity technique that exploits channel time-selectivity is proposed in order to enhance the interuser separation afforded by multisensor reception.
Diffractive grazing-incidence interferometer (2000)

I propose a symmetric geometry for grazing-incidence interferometry of flat surfaces using diffraction gratings for beam splitting and recombination. The geometry employs a reference mirror to correct for relative inversion of the measurement and reference wave fronts. Preliminary testing with a 4-microm equivalent-wavelength system shows a 3 sigma repeatability of 20 nm for both smooth and rough surfaces, including a variety of precision-engineered metal, ceramic, and glass objects. The system has a comfortable working distance and large field of view, suitable for production testing.
Effectiveness of illness self-management programmes for adults with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a systematic review (2012)

JBI Evidence Synthesis is an international peer-reviewed, online journal that publishes manuscripts encompassing evidence synthesis and healthcare. JBI Evidence Synthesis seeks to disseminate rigorous, high-quality research that provides the best available evidence to inform policy and practice through the science and conduct of systematic and scoping reviews. The journal publishes systematic and scoping review protocols, diverse types of systematic reviews, and scoping reviews covering multi-disciplinary healthcare-related topics that follow methodology and methods developed by JBI. The journal also publishes editorials, letters to the editor as well as original applied research and discussion papers examining synthesis methods. JBI Evidence Synthesis does not accept systematic reviews of in vitro or animal studies. JBI Evidence Synthesis co-publishes JBI methodology and methods with its partner JBI journal, JBI Evidence Implementation.
Growth regulatory proteins from human platelets. (1989)

Platelets contain many different growth regulatory proteins. This communication describes two of these factors, platelet-derived growth factor, a major mitogen for connective tissue cells, and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, an endothelial cell mitogen with angiogenic properties in vivo. In addition, the structural and functional properties of the latent, high Mr complex of transforming growth factor-beta 1, a factor that inhibits growth of most cells, is described.
NANOSTRUCTURE OF THE DIATOM FRUSTULE AS REVEALED BY ATOMIC FORCE AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (2001)

The cell wall (frustule) of the freshwater diatom Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg is composed of an assembly of highly silicified components and associated organic layers. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the nanostructure and relationship between the outermost surface organics and the siliceous frustule components of live diatoms under natural hydrated conditions. Contact mode AFM imaging revealed that the walls were coated in a thick mucilaginous material that was interrupted only in the vicinity of the raphe fissure. Analysis of this mucilage by force mode AFM demonstrated it to be a nonadhesive, soft, and compressible material. Application of greater force to the sample during repeated scanning enabled the mucilage to be swept from the hard underlying siliceous components and piled into columns on either side of the scan area by the scanning action of the tip. The mucilage columns remained intact for several hours without dissolving or settling back onto the cleaned valve surface, thereby revealing a cohesiveness that suggested a degree of cross‐linking. The hard silicified surfaces of the diatom frustule appeared to be relatively smooth when living cells were imaged by AFM or when field‐emission SEM was used to image chemically cleaned walls. AFM analysis of P. viridis frustules cleaved in cross‐section revealed the nanostructure of the valve silica to be composed of a conglomerate of packed silica spheres that were 44.8 ± 0.7 nm in diameter. The silica spheres that comprised the girdle band biosilica were 40.3 ± 0.8 nm in diameter. Analysis of another heavily silicified diatom, Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow, showed that the valve biosilica was composed of packed silica spheres that were 37.1 ± 1.4 nm and that silica particles from the girdle bands were 38.1 ± 0.5 nm. These results showed little variation in the size range of the silica particles within a particular frustule component (valve or girdle band), but there may be differences in particle size between these components within a diatom frustule and significant differences are found between species.
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction by <i>Pseudomonas alcaliphila</i> with an electrode as the sole electron donor (2012)

Denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) were considered two alternative pathways of dissimilatory nitrate reduction. In this study, we firstly reported that both denitrification and DNRA occurred in Pseudomonas alcaliphila strain MBR with an electrode as the sole electron donor in a double chamber bio-electrochemical system (BES). The initial concentration of nitrate appeared as a factor determining the type of nitrate reduction with electrode as the sole electron donor at the same potential (-500 mV). As the initial concentration of nitrate increased, the fraction of nitrate reduced through denitrification also increased. While nitrite (1.38 ± 0.04 mM) was used as electron acceptor instead of nitrate, the electrons recovery via DNRA and denitrification were 43.06 ± 1.02% and 50.51 ± 1.37%, respectively. The electrochemical activities and surface topography of the working electrode catalyzed by strain MBR were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that cells of strain MBR were adhered to the electrode, playing the role of electron transfer media for nitrate and nitrite reduction. Thus, for the first time, the results that DNRA and denitrification occurred simultaneously were confirmed by powering the strain with electricity. The study further expanded the range of metabolic reactions and had potential value for the recognization of dissimilatory nitrate reduction in various ecosystems.
Clinical potential of the mTOR targets S6K1 and S6K2 in breast cancer (2010)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its substrates S6K1 and S6K2 regulate cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism through translational control. RPS6KB1 (S6K1) and RPS6KB2 (S6K2) are situated in the commonly amplified 17q21-23 and 11q13 regions. S6K1 amplification and protein overexpression have earlier been associated with a worse outcome in breast cancer, but information regarding S6K2 is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and treatment predictive relevance of S6K1/S6K2 gene amplification, as well as S6K2 protein expression in breast cancer. S6K1/S6K2 gene copy number was determined by real-time PCR in 207 stage II breast tumors and S6K2 protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 792 node-negative breast cancers. S6K1 amplification/gain was detected in 10.7%/21.4% and S6K2 amplification/gain in 4.3%/21.3% of the tumors. S6K2 protein was detected in the nucleus (38%) and cytoplasm (76%) of the tumor cells. S6K1 amplification was significantly associated with HER2 gene amplification and protein expression. S6K2 amplification correlated significantly with high S6K2 mRNA levels, ER+ status and CCND1 amplification. S6K1 and S6K2 gene amplification was associated with a worse prognosis independent of HER2 and CCND1. S6K2 gain and nuclear S6K2 expression was related to an improved benefit from tamoxifen among patients with ER+, respectively ER+/PgR+ tumors. In the ER+/PgR- subgroup, nuclear S6K2 rather indicated decreased tamoxifen responsiveness. S6K1 amplification predicted reduced benefit from radiotherapy. This is the first study showing that S6K2 amplification and overexpression, like S6K1 amplification, have prognostic and treatment predictive significance in breast cancer.
A 9.7mW AAC-Decoding, 620mW H.264 720p 60fps Decoding, 8-Core Media Processor with Embedded Forward-Body-Biasing and Power-Gating Circuit in 65nm CMOS Technology (2008)

A AAC-decoding, H.264 decoding, media processor with embedded forward-body-biasing and power-gating circuit in CMOS technology is proposed. Since all the components necessary for the scheme are simple MOS circuits requiring no extra supply voltages, they can be placed and routed by a commercial CAD tool. A data-mapping flip-flop was proposed as a high performance and low-power flip-flop. It is concluded that the power dissipation in H.264 720p 60fps decoding of 620mW at the process fast corner is the lowest among the processor-based solutions.