gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid depressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in pulmonary artery. (2005)

15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) plays an important role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Release of nitric oxide (NO) is apparently decreased and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is impaired in chronic hypoxia. However, little is known whether 15-HETE contributes to eNOS/NO pathway in the constriction induced by 15-HETE. We examined the response of rat pulmonary artery (PA) rings to 15-HETE, the production of NO, total eNOS expression and the phosphorylation of eNOS in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) stimulated by 15-HETE. Rat PA rings were divided into three groups: endothelium intact group, endothelium denuded group, and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.1 mmol/L, an inhibitor of eNOS) group. Constrictions to 15-HETE were significantly enhanced in endothelium denuded group and L-NAME group (both P< 0.05 vs endothelium intact group, n= 9); BPAECs were incubated in different conditions to test nitrite production by Greiss method. Nitrite production was significantly reduced by 1 mumol/L 15-HETE (P<0.05), and increased by the lipoxygenase inhibitors, 10 mumol/L cinnamyl 3,4- dihydroxy-[alpha] -cyanocinnamate (CDC, P< 0.05) and 0.1 mmol/L nordihydroguiairetic acid (NDGA, P< 0.01 ); Western blot analysis of extracts from BPAECs incubated with 15-HETE in different time was carried out to test total eNOS expression, and the expression was changed unobviously. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blot analysis of cell extracts from BPAECs treated with 2 mumol/L 15-HETE in different length of time were accomplished, using phospo-eNOS-threonine 495 (Thr495, an inhibitory site) antibody for IP, and eNOS or 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) antibodies for Western blot. 15-HETE depressed eNOS activity by increasing the levels of phospho-eNOS-Thr 495. The data suggest that eNOS/NO pathway is involved in PA constrictions induced by 15-HETE and that 15-HETE depresses eNOS activity by phosphorylation in Thr495 site. The protein interaction between phospho-eNOS (Thr495) and 15-LO is discovered for the first time.
Einkommensteuerrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen der privaten Finanzanlage in Deutschland (1995)

Weder die Überlassung von nicht unmittelbar zu Konsumzwecken dienenden Vermögensteilen an einen Dritten gegen entsprechende Zinszahlung noch die Besteuerung des hiermit erzielten Einkommens ist eine spezifische Erscheinung des 20. Jahrhunderts. Vielmehr war sowohl im Antiken Griechenland wie auch im Alten Rom die Verleihung von Vieh - dem hauptsächlichen Maß für Reichtum in der Antike — als Urform des zinsbringenden Darlehens bekannt. Die hierfür verwandten Ausdrücke müssen als etymologische Wurzel des Begriffs Kapital angesehen werden1). Neben anderen Unterscheidungen — wie zwischen fruchtbarem (Sklaven, Vieh, Acker) und unfruchtbarem Kapital (Wohnhaus, Schmuck) — differenzierte man zwischen sichtbarem (d.h. dem staatlichen Zugriff leicht zugänglichem) und unsichtbarem (d.h. zur Steuerhinterziehung geeignetem) Kapital2). Es kann also davon ausgegangen werden, daß bereits damals eine Besteuerung der Kapitalüberlassung bekannt war.
Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications (2018)

Antimicrobial Characterization Of Advanced Materials For Bioengineering Applications. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Patentees research and development expenditure in Canada. (2002)

Patentees R&D expenditure is a good indicator of the health in the industry. It provides a perspective not only within Canada itself, but also globally.
Efficient numerical approach to the evaluation of Kramers-Kronig transforms (2002)

A method is presented to deal with the numerical evaluation of Kramers–Kronig transforms (the Hilbert transforms of even and odd functions on the positive real axis). The general Hilbert transform is also treated. The functions involved must be continuous on the integration interval with suitable asymptotic behavior for large values of the argument and must have an appropriate functional form in the vicinity of the singularity of the integrand of the transform. The approach is based on a specialized Gaussian quadrature technique that uses the weight function log x-1. This choice allows the region in the vicinity of the singularity to be swept into the quadrature weights and abscissa values. Application to the Lorentzian and Gaussian line profiles is discussed.
Fingerprint imaging from the inside of a finger with full-field optical coherence tomography (2015)

Imaging below fingertip surface might be a useful alternative to the traditional fingerprint sensing since the internal finger features are more reliable than the external ones. One of the most promising subsurface imaging technique is optical coherence tomography (OCT), which, however, has to acquire 3-D data even when a single en face image is required. This makes OCT inherently slow for en face imaging and produce unnecessary large data sets. Here we demonstrate that full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) can be used to produce en face images of sweat pores and internal fingerprints, which can be used for the identification purposes.
Characterization and Photoluminescence Properties of Tb-Doped SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanowires as a Novel Green-Emitting Phosphor (2007)

Tb-doped SiO2 nanowires have been synthesized through a vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) mechanism. The morphology and compositional characteristics of the doped nanowires have been investigated by various microscopy techniques. The prepared nanowires have amorphous characteristics with a diameter distribution range from 15 to 30 nm and a length up to several micrometers. Photoluminescence properties of pure SiO2 nanowires and Tb-doped SiO2 nanowires have been investigated, respectively. It shows that pure SiO2 nanowires have a broad green emission band with a maximum around 515 nm, which is related to the hydrogen-related species (⋮Si−H and ⋮Si−OH). While Tb3+-doped SiO2 nanowires have novel green emissions both from the doped Tb3+ ions and the host SiO2 nanowires. The relationship between the two kinds of emissions has also been investigated. These Tb-doped amorphous SiO2 nanowires exhibit great potential to act as a novel green-emitting phosphor.
A novel design of hybrid slot jet and mini-channel cold plate for electronics cooling (2015)

In the current paper, a high-performance cold plate based on single-phase jet impingement and mini-channel heat sink technologies is described for automotive electronics cooling. A manifold system with cylindrical connection tubes and tapered inserts is designed to distribute the coolant uniformly within an individual module and between three different modules. A two-level (local-global) modeling method is adopted to design and optimize the cold plate. A unit cell model is used to analyze the sensitivity of the heat sink performance to material selection and geometric parameters. A system level flow distribution study is then conducted to maximize flow uniformity both within a single module and across the three modules in parallel. A conjugate flow and heat transfer model is developed to verify the flow uniformity and heat transfer performance of the cold plate as a whole. Based on numerical studies, it is found that the final cold plate design achieves flow uniformity (to within 1.5%) with a maximum to minimum base temperature difference of approximately 3 K and an average heat transfer coefficient of 34 kW/(m2K). The total pressure drop of the cold plate is 9.36 kPa. Ongoing work includes experimental testing of the cold plate including validation of the expected pressure drop and heat transfer performance.
Improved method to disperse nanoparticles for<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>investigation of toxicity (2007)

Nanoparticles agglomerate and clump in solution, making it difficult to accurately deliver them for in vivo or in vitro experiments. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine the best method to suspend nanosized particles. Ultrafine and fine carbon black and titanium dioxide were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), rat and mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and PBS containing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and/or mouse serum albumin. To assess and compare how these various suspension media dispersed the nanoparticles, images were taken using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of this study show that PBS is not a satisfactory medium to prepare nanoparticle suspensions. However, BALF was an excellent media in which to suspend nanoparticles. The use of PBS containing protein or DPPC alone, in concentrations found in BALF, did not result in satisfactory particle dispersion. However, PBS-containing protein plus DPPC was satisfactory, although less effective than BALF.
Advances in the Classification and Treatment of Mastocytosis: Current Status and Outlook toward the Future (2017)

Mastocytosis is a term used to denote a heterogeneous group of conditions defined by the expansion and accumulation of clonal (neoplastic) tissue mast cells in various organs. The classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) divides the disease into cutaneous mastocytosis, systemic mastocytosis, and localized mast cell tumors. On the basis of histomorphologic criteria, clinical parameters, and organ involvement, systemic mastocytosis is further divided into indolent systemic mastocytosis and advanced systemic mastocytosis variants, including aggressive systemic mastocytosis and mast cell leukemia. The clinical impact and prognostic value of this classification has been confirmed in numerous studies, and its basic concept remains valid. However, refinements have recently been proposed by the consensus group, the WHO, and the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis. In addition, new treatment options are available for patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and multikinase inhibitors directed against KIT D816V and other key signaling molecules. Our current article provides an overview of recent advances in the field of mastocytosis, with emphasis on classification, prognostication, and emerging new treatment options in advanced systemic mastocytosis. <i>Cancer Res; 77(6); 1261-70. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Molecular and Clinical Evaluation of a Patient Hemizygous for TIGR/MYOC (2001)

Missense and nonsense mutations in the TIGR/MYOC gene have been associated with juvenile- and adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma. Although many different mutations have been correlated with the disease, the underlying genetic mechanism (haploinsufficiency, gain of function, or a dominant negative effect) remains unknown. Information regarding the genetic mechanism responsible for TIGR/MYOC-associated glaucoma is necessary for further studies designed to develop transgenic animal models and gene-related therapy.
Super-ponderomotive electron spectra from efficient, high-intensity, kHz laser-water interactions (2015)

Direct electron spectrum measurements show MeV energy electrons generated backward along the laser axis by a {\lambda} = 780 nm, 40 fs, 2.9 mJ short-pulse laser ($1.5 \cdot 10^{18}$ W/cm$^2$). Electrons pass through a 3 mm hole in the center of the final off-axis paraboloid (OAP) and are characterized by a magnetic spectrometer. The charge collected at the OAP is hundreds of pC per pulse. A mechanism for this super-ponderomotive backward electron acceleration is discussed in the framework of 3D Particle-in-cell simulations.
MultiScale (2012)

The fraction of server energy consumed by the memory system has been increasing rapidly and is now on par with that consumed by processors. Recent work demonstrates that substantial memory energy can be saved with only a small, tightly-controlled performance degradation using memory Dynamic Frequency and Voltage Scaling (DVFS). Prior studies consider only servers with a single memory controller (MC); however, multicore server processors have begun to incorporate multiple MCs. We propose MultiScale, the first technique to coordinate DVFS across multiple MCs, memory channels, and memory devices. Under operating system control, MultiScale monitors application bandwidth requirements across MCs. It then uses a heuristic algorithm to select and apply a frequency combination that will minimize the overall system energy within user-specified per-application performance constraints. Our results demonstrate that MultiScale reduces system energy consumption significantly, compared to prior approaches, while respecting the user-specified performance constraints.
The Evolution of Lipophilin Genes from Invertebrates to Tetrapods: DM-20 Cannot Replace Proteolipid Protein in CNS Myelin (2000)

The proteolipid protein (PLP) gene encodes two myelin-specific protein isoforms, DM-20 and PLP, which are members of the highly conserved lipophilin family of transmembrane proteins. While the functions of this family are poorly understood, the fact that null mutations of the PLP gene cause leukodystrophy in man is testament to the importance of DM-20 and PLP in normal CNS function. PLP differs from DM-20 by the presence of a 35 amino acid domain exposed to the cytoplasm, which is not encoded by other lipophilin genes and appears to have arisen in amphibians approximately 300 million years before present. However, the lipophilin gene family can be traced back at least 550 million years and is represented in Drosophila and silkworms. Thus, from an evolutionary perspective PLP can reasonably be anticipated to perform functions in CNS myelin that cannot be accomplished by other lipophilins. Herein we use a novel knock-in strategy to generate mice expressing wild-type levels of a Plp gene that has been modified to encode only DM-20. Although DM-20 is incorporated into functional compact myelin sheaths in young animals, our data show that the 35 amino acid PLP-specific peptide is required to engender the normal myelin period and to confer long-term stability on this multilamellar membrane.
Progress and Paradigms in Multiple Myeloma (2016)

Remarkable progress has been achieved in multiple myeloma, and patient median survival has been extended 3- to 4-fold. Specifically, there have been 18 newly approved treatments for multiple myeloma in the past 12 years, including seven in 2015, and the treatment paradigm and patient outcome have been transformed. The definition of patients benefitting from these therapies has been broadened. Response criteria now include minimal residual disease (MRD), assessed in bone marrow by multicolor flow cytometry or sequencing, and by imaging for extramedullary disease. Initial therapy for transplant candidates is a triplet incorporating novel therapies-that is, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. Lenalidomide maintenance until progression can prolong progression-free and overall survival in standard-risk multiple myeloma, with incorporation of proteasome inhibitor for high-risk disease. Studies are evaluating the value of early versus late transplant and MRD as a therapeutic goal to inform therapy. In nontransplant patients, triplet therapies are also preferred, with doublet therapy reserved for frail patients, and maintenance as described above. The availability of second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), immunomodulatory drugs (pomalidomide), histone deacetylase inhibitors (panobinostat), and monoclonal antibodies (elotuzumab and daratumumab) allows for effective combination therapies of relapsed disease as well. Finally, novel therapies targeting protein degradation, restoring autologous memory anti-multiple myeloma immunity, and exploiting genetic vulnerabilities show promise to improve patient outcome even further. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5419-27. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "MULTIPLE MYELOMA MULTIPLYING THERAPIES".
Signal-detection analysis of group decision making. (2001)

How effectively can groups of people make yes-or-no decisions? To answer this question, we used signal-detection theory to model the behavior of groups of human participants in a visual detection task. The detection model specifies how performance depends on the group's size, the competence of the members, the correlation among members' judgments, the constraints on member interaction, and the group's decision rule. The model also allows specification of performance efficiency, which is a measure of how closely a group's performance matches the statistically optimal group. The performance of our groups was consistent with the theoretical predictions, but efficiency decreased as group size increased. This result was attributable to a decrease in the effort that members gave to their individual tasks rather than to an inefficiency in combining the information in the members' judgments.
Elemental Analysis of Pd Complexes: Effects of D<sub>2</sub>Gas Permeation (2002)

Elemental analysis of Pd complexes, which consist of a thin Pd layer, alternating CaO and Pd layers and bulk Pd, is described, after subjecting the Pd complexes to D2 gas permeation. The Pd complex was located in a vacuum chamber and the elemental analysis was performed using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) apparatus mounted on the chamber. When Cs was added on the surface of a Pd complex, Pr emerged on the surface while Cs decreased after the Pd complex was subjected to D2 gas permeation at 343 K and 1 atm for about one week. In the case of adding Sr on the surface, Mo emerged on the surface while the added Sr decreased after D2 permeation for about two weeks. All the phenomena were reproduced qualitatively. The isotopic composition of the detected Mo exhibited characteristics indicating an isotopic abundance of Sr rather than the natural abundance of Mo.
Factors Affecting Distributed System Security (1986)

Recent work examining distributed system security requirements is critiqued. A notion of trust based on distributed system topology and distributed system node evaluation levels proposed in that work is shown to be deficient. The notion fails to make allowances for the distributed system physicat security environment security factors related to the management of distributed systems by more than one jurisdictive authority and interactions that can occur between nodes supporting different mandatory and discretionary security mechanisms.
Efficacy and safety of telmisartan, a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, compared with enalapril in elderly patients with primary hypertension (1999)

These results demonstrate that telmisartan is well tolerated and is at least as effective as enalapril in treating elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Lanthanum Oxide Films for High-κ Gate Dielectrics (2004)

Lanthanum-containing oxide films are emerging candidates for gate-oxide films, due to expected high dielectric constants as well as promising crystal and electronic band structure. We have used tris(bistrimethylsilylamido)-lanthanum to achieve atomic layer deposition of on a (100) Si wafer. Crystalline and electrical properties of the resulting films have been characterized. Dielectric constant values in the range of 20-23, and a dielectric breakdown field of about 4.2 MV/cm were observed. The electrical properties of our structures remain consistent even after prolonged ambient exposure. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
User Identification Based on Touch Dynamics (2012)

Touch interaction has quickly become the de-facto means of interacting with handheld devices due to its perceived attractiveness and low hardware cost. This study proposes a strategy for identifying users based on touch dynamics. Users' touch behavior is monitored and several unique features are extracted including left versus right hand dominance, one-handed versus bimanual operation, stroke size, stroke timing, symmetry, stroke speed and timing regularity. An experiment involving 20 users reveals that the strategy is successful in identifying users and their traits according to the touch dynamics. The results can be used for automatic user interface customization. However, more research is needed before touch characteristics can be applied to increasing the security of handheld touch-based devices.
New OPC methods to increase process margin for sub-70nm devices (2005)

Current model-based OPC methods are targeting the critical dimension and the fidelity of the design layout. These methods cannot suitably consider the process margin and reveal several problems below 70nm design layout with the low k1 process factor. Although litho-friendly layout methods have been introduced to improve the photolithography process margin, designing perfect litho-friendly layout is difficult because of the designer’s lacking of knowledge about the process and the relationship between the layers. Thus we have developed new OPC methods to increase the process margin for sub-70nm process. In this paper we propose new methods to generate the OPC-friendly layout from the original design by 1) rule-based retargeting, 2) model-based retargeting using NILS values, and 3) model-based retargeting by MEEF values. In addition, we have evaluated the post-processing treatment by NILS or MEEF values after the model-based OPC. The proposed OPC methods are effective for the memory bit line layer and metal layers, which are composed of the complicated 2-dimensional configuration and also have the advantage to compensate the model inaccuracy for the layout having non-periodic pattern structure. While the rule-based retargeting method requires high engineering cost to optimize the retargeting rule, the model-based retargeting method can be easily implemented into the conventional OPC process and do not need the extraction process of the retargeting rule which is not simple for the 2-dimensional patterns. Applying the model-based retargeting we could increase the DOF margin by 50% compared to the normal OPC method for sub-70nm memory device with ArF lithography. It is more effective to use these retargeting methods from the defocused OPC models.
Factor XIIa regulates the structure of the fibrin clot independently of thrombin generation through direct interaction with fibrin (2011)

Recent data indicate an important contribution of coagulation factor (F)XII to in vivo thrombus formation. Because fibrin structure plays a key role in clot stability and thrombosis, we hypothesized that FXII(a) interacts with fibrin(ogen) and thereby regulates clot structure and function. In plasma and purified system, we observed a dose-dependent increase in fibrin fiber density and decrease in turbidity, reflecting a denser structure, and a nonlinear increase in clot stiffness with FXIIa. In plasma, this increase was partly independent of thrombin generation, as shown in clots made in prothrombin-deficient plasma initiated with snake venom enzyme and in clots made from plasma deficient in FXII and prothrombin. Purified FXII and α-FXIIa, but not β-FXIIa, bound to purified fibrinogen and fibrin with nanomolar affinity. Immunostaining of human carotid artery thrombi showed that FXII colocalized with areas of dense fibrin deposition, providing evidence for the in vivo modulation of fibrin structure by FXIIa. These data demonstrate that FXIIa modulates fibrin clot structure independently of thrombin generation through direct binding of the N-terminus of FXIIa to fibrin(ogen). Modification of fibrin structure by FXIIa represents a novel physiologic role for the contact pathway that may contribute to the pathophysiology of thrombosis.