gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space-Time Coding for Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (2014)

Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a novel filtered multicarrier transmission scheme that provides the flexibility required by 5G applications. Its robustness against fading multipath environments can be increased by space-time coding (STC) at the transmitter when the receiver complexity should be kept minimal. In this paper we investigate the application of the Alamouti-STC in GFDM with a maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiver. We show the application to be straight-forward in contrast to the difficulties that arise in FBMC/OQAM due to its OQAM-modulation. The performance is evaluated by comparing coded GFDM and OFDM transmissions in frequency-selective fading channels.
A low delay 16 kb/s speech coder (1991)

A code tree generated by a stochastically populated innovations tree with a backward adaptive gain and backward adaptive synthesis filters is considered. The synthesis configuration uses a cascade of two all-pole filters: a pitch (long time delay) filter followed by a formant (short time delay) filter. Both filters are updated using backward adaptation. The formant predictor is updated using an adaptive lattice algorithm. The multipath (M, L) search algorithm is used to encode the speech. A frequency-weighted error measure is used to reduce the perceptual loudness of the quantization noise. The addition of the pitch filter gives 2-10-dB increase in segSNR (segmental signal-to-noise ratio) in the voiced segments. Subjective testing has shown that the coder attains a subjective quality equivalent to 7 b/sample log-PCM (pulse code modulation) with an encoding delay of eight samples (1 ms with an 8-kHz sampling rate).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Different Percentage Replacement of Weathered Aggregate in Place of Normal Aggregate on Young’s Modulus of Concrete to Produce High strength and Flexible/Ductile Concrete for use in Railway Concrete Sleepers (2015)

Effect of Different Percentage Replacement of Weathered Aggregate in Place of Normal Aggregate on Young’s Modulus of Concrete to Produce High strength and Flexible/Ductile Concrete for use in Railway Concrete Sleepers
Determination of the isoflavone composition and estrogenic activity of commercial dietary supplements based on soy or red clover (2015)

Dietary supplements high in isolated isoflavones are commercially available for human consumption primarily to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women. The isoflavone composition, quantity and importantly their estrogenic potency are poorly standardised and can vary considerably between different products. The aim of this study was to analyse the isoflavone composition of 11 dietary supplements based on soy or red clover using the HPLC/MS/MS technique. Furthermore, we investigated the transactivational potential of the supplements on the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, performing luciferase reporter gene assays. As expected, we found that the isoflavone composition varies between different products. The measured total isoflavone contents in various supplements were mostly comparable to those claimed by the manufacturers in their product information. However expressing the isoflavone content as isoflavone aglycone equivalents, soy-based supplements had a clearly lower quantity compared to the manufacturer information. All supplements transactivated more or less ERα and ERβ with a preference for ERβ. The transactivational efficiency exceeded partly the maximal 17β-estradiol induced ER activation. While the different soy-based supplements revealed similar transactivation potential to both ERs, red clover-based supplements differed considerably. We conclude that different commercial dietary supplements based on soy or red clover vary in their isoflavone composition and quantity. They are estrogenically active, although especially the red clover-based supplements show considerable differences in their estrogenic potential to ERα and ERβ. Thus, different isoflavone-rich products cannot be necessarily compared regarding possible biological effects.
Simple and Efficient Detection Scheme for Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution with m-ary Phase-Shift-Keying (2015)

A detection scheme for discriminating coherent states in quantum key distribution systems employing PSK is proposed. It is simple and uses only standard components. Its applicability at extremely low power levels of as low as 0.045 photons per symbol is experimentally verified.
The Lactone-Acid-Salt Equilibria for D-Glucono-δ-lactone and the Hydrolysis Kinetics for this Lactone (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Lactone-Acid-Salt Equilibria for D-Glucono-δ-lactone and the Hydrolysis Kinetics for this LactoneDonald T. Sawyer and John B. BaggerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5302–5306Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01529a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views884Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE TRANSPORT OF HEAT BETWEEN DISSIMILAR SOLIDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES (1959)

The resistance offered to the flow of heat by the mismatch of the elastic constants at the interface between two materials has been calculated. It is shown that for a perfectly joined interface the heat flow is proportional to the difference of the fourth powers of the temperature on each side of the interface. Deviations from this temperature dependence are to be expected for rough surfaces and for surfaces pressed into contact with one another. The calculated contact resistance between some common solids is given, and graphs are presented from which the heat flow between any two materials may be computed. It is shown too that the spin–phonon, phonon–electron, and phonon–phonon relaxation processes give rise to additional resistive processes in some solids, some of which restrict the heat flow at the surface. The theoretical results compare well with the available experimental data. However, the problem of the contact resistance between helium and metals is still unresolved. A tentative explanation of this is presented which predicts that there should be an appreciable difference between the contact resistance of a metal in the normal and in the superconducting state.
Molecular effusion-boltzmann model for parylene C deposition in deep trench (2010)

As an excellent thermal isolation approach, deep trench filled by parylene C has been widely used in versatile MEMS devices. Requirement of void-free trench filling in these applications called for a deep understanding of the parylene C deposition in high aspect ratio trenches. In this work, a molecular effusion-Boltzmann model is advanced to predict the parylene C filling behaviors. Numerical simulation results indicate that the present model can effectively describe the filling profiles and thereby guide a void-free trench filling, which are quite consistent with the experimental results.
Inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus replication in vitro by 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine and related compounds. (1991)

We have adopted the in vitro hepatocyte culture system of the duck infected with duck hepatitis B virus (HDBV) to an anti-viral assay system. Using this method, we found that 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine (N3dT) and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-O-methylthymidine (OMeT) had antiviral effects against DHBV replication in the concentrations of 20-50 mumol/l and 4-40 mumol/l, respectively. The N3dT inhibited the single strand DNA formation (negative strand), which is an intermediate of virus replication. However, the inhibition of single strand DNA synthesis by OMeT was relatively weak. These two compounds may have different mechanisms of DHBV DNA replication inhibition. Two other 3'-substituted pyrimidine analogues tested were very weak inhibitors. Antiviral agents that inhibit the reverse transcriptase activity of the hepadnavirus DNA polymerase could be potential candidates for the chemotherapy of these viruses.
Lysinoalanine: Presence in Foods and Food Ingredients (1975)

Lysinoalanine, N6-(DL-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine, an unusual amino acid implicated as a renal toxic factor in rats, has been found in proteins of home-cooked and commercial foods and ingredients. Although it has been reported to occur in both edible and nonfood proteins only after alkali treatment, it has now been identified in food proteins that had not been subjected to alkali. Lysinoalanine is generated in a variety of proteins when heated under nonalkaline conditions.
Acquired immunity to an intracellular pathogen:immunologic recognition of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>‐infected cells (1997)

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a pathogenic bacterium, and subclinical infection in mice is utilized as a prototypic model to investigate the development and expression of acquired resistance to facultative intracellular organisms. A key virulence factor of L. monocytogenes is the hemolysin listeriolysin O (LLO), and BALB/c mice immunized with hemolysin-secreting strains of L. monocytogenes develop specific acquired resistance, while mice immunized with hemolysin-negative strains or non-viable preparations of L. monocytogenes do not develop a protective immune response. Adoptive transfer studies show that L. monocytogenes-immune CD8+ T cells mediate acquired resistance. The L. monocytogenes-immune CD8+ population is cytotoxic, and target cells infected with hemolysin-secreting strains of L. monocytogenes are lysed, while target cells infected with hemolysin-negative strains or non-viable preparations of L. monocytogenes are not lysed. MHC class Ia and Ib molecules present L. monocytogenes-derived peptides, and we have identified Qa-Ib, a T-region-encoded MHC class Ib molecule, as a restriction element for L. monocytogenes-specific CD8+ CTL. MHC class Ib-restricted CTL are stimulated following infection with L. monocytogenes and are a significant component of the total MHC class I-restricted CTL population. These findings support the observation that cytoplasmic L. monocytogenes-derived antigens are endogenously processed and presented in association with MHC class Ia and Ib molecules to CD8+ effector cells, and that both populations of effector cells contribute to the immune response to this intracellular pathogen.
Infection of BALB/c A mice by spiral and coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori (1997)

Helicobacter pylori exists in two different morphological forms, spiral and coccoid. This study demonstrated that both forms can infect BALB/c A mice. The animals were inoculated orally three times at 2-day intervals with 10(8) cfu of both spiral and coccoid forms of strain CCUG 17874 (NCTC 11637), strain 25 and strain 553/93. Infection was followed over a 30-week period by histological scoring of the grade of inflammation in gastric biopsies. At each time point sera were collected for analysis in ELISA and immunoblot analysis. Both spiral and coccoid forms of all H. pylori strains gave significantly higher inflammation scores than a control group of animals 1 week after inoculation. The histological evidence persisted throughout the entire 30 weeks. The inflammation was most severe in the pylorus and duodenum. Infection with strain 553/93 displayed the most severe gastritis. The spiral form of strain CCUG 17874 gave an immune response after only 4 weeks, whereas its coccoid form as well as strains 25 and 553/93 (spiral and coccoid forms) gave a significant increase in antibody response in ELISA and immunoblot after 16 weeks. It is concluded that both spiral and coccoid forms of H. pylori can cause acute gastritis in BALB/c A mice.
Constant-round non-malleable commitments from any one-way function (2011)

We show unconditionally that the existence of commitment schemes implies the existence of constant-round non-malleable commitments; earlier protocols required additional assumptions such as collision resistant hash functions or subexponential one-way functions. Our protocol also satisfies the stronger notions of concurrent non-malleability and robustness. As a corollary, we establish that constant-round non-malleable zero-knowledge arguments for NP can be based on one-way functions and constant-round secure multi-party computation can be based on enhanced trapdoor permutations; also here, earlier protocols additionally required either collision-resistant hash functions or subexponential one-way functions.
Range-space approach for generalized multiple baseline stereo and direct virtual view synthesis (2002)

In this paper a new "range-space" approach, for rendering visual models using a network of multiple omnidirectional vision sensors (ODVS) is presented. This integrated approach allows for simultaneous extraction of 3-D range as well as visual models. The approach requires three distinct steps of analyzing multiple ODVS video input streams: 1) Search, 2) Match, and 3) Render. At the output, a user-specified view is rendered. This three-step process does not require 3D model of the scene to be provided.
Aligned Reverse Frame Structure for Interference Mitigation in Dynamic TDD Systems (2017)

The dynamic time division duplex (TDD) system has been proposed as a way to meet today's asymmetrically and dynamically changing traffic demand. However, this approach causes cross-link interference, because neighboring base stations and user elements transmit in opposite directions. In this paper, we investigate and analyze the characteristics of cross-link interference in dynamic TDD systems. Based on this observation, we propose an aligned reverse frame structure to utilize and cancel the cross-link interference. Mathematical analysis and numerical results verify that the proposed scheme achieves performance enhancement in terms of capacity compared with conventional dynamic TDD systems.
Unified Power Format (UPF) methodology in a vendor independent flow (2015)

To provide designers with an efficient low power design flow, several methodologies have been proposed such as the Unified Power Format (UPF). The main issue faced by designers is the non-interoperability of those methods across different Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools. Although the UPF standard was originally created with interoperability in mind, few of its constructs are actually supported by all CAD vendors. In this paper, we aim at providing a UPF 2.0 methodology that is compatible with different tools. The proposed case study is a circuit with three power domains and a cross-vendor UPF specification. This paper demonstrates a full low power design flow, with formal power checking, power aware simulation, synthesis and back-end.
Geometric Stiffness for Real-time Constrained Multibody Dynamics (2017)

This paper focuses on the stable and efficient simulation of articulated rigid body systems for real-time applications. Specifically, we focus on the use of geometric stiffness which can dramatically increase simulation stability. We examine several numerical problems with the inclusion of geometric stiffness in the equations of motion, as proposed by previous work, and address these issues by introducing a novel method for efficiently building the linear system. This offers improved tractability and numerical efficiency. Furthermore, geometric stiffness tends to significantly dissipate kinetic energy. We propose an adaptive damping scheme, inspired by the geometric stiffness, that uses a stability criterion based on the numerical integrator to determine the amount of non-constitutive damping required to stabilize the simulation. With this approach, not only is the dynamical behavior better preserved, but the simulation remains stable for mass ratios of 1,000,000-to-1 at time steps up to 0.1 s. We present a number of challenging scenarios to demonstrate that our method improves efficiency, and that it increases stability by orders of magnitude compared to previous work.
Attenuation of Eimeria necatrix and E. tenella of U.S. origin by serial embryo passage. (1983)

Two lines of Eimeria tenella (PS and FS65) and one line of E. necatrix (FS144) of U.S. origin were passaged in chicken embryos. The embryo-passaged line of E. tenella PS was significantly less pathogenic than the parent line when tested in chickens after 33 embryo passages. After 29 embryo passages, E. tenella FS65 was just as pathogenic to chickens as the parent line. A comparison of the immunogenicity of the embryo-adapted lines and the parent lines in chickens showed that embryo-passaged E. tenella PS and E. tenella FS65 were as immunogenic as parent lines. The embryo-passaged line of E. necatrix FS144 was significantly less pathogenic when tested in chickens after 30 embryo passages. Although there was also some loss of immunogenicity in the embryo-passaged line of E. necatrix, immunity to this parasite could be achieved by increasing the dose of oocysts.
Logisim (2002)

Logisim enables students in introductory courses to design and simulate logic circuits. The program's design emphasizes simplicity of use, with a secondary goal of enabling design of sophisticated circuits. This motivates a two-tiered system, where users can move to the second tier by selecting a menu option.Users draw circuits of logic gates using the toolbox model popular in drawing programs. The circuit automatically propagates circuit values through the circuit; by selecting the appropriate tool, users can toggle switches to see how the circuit behaves in other situations. In the advanced tier, the user can treat circuits as black boxes within larger circuits, enabling the simulation of hierarchical designs. The author has successfully drawn and tested a simple 8 bit CPU using the program.The program has proven useful in a variety of introductory courses, from a nonmajors survey course to a sophomore-level systems course. Students find Logisim simple to follow, and find the laboratories designed around it useful in reinforcing the circuit concepts from class.In this article, we identify and compare a variety of systems similar to Logisim, we explore Logisim's features in detail, and we examine its use in class assignments.
Multipurpose NMR imaging using stimulated echoes (1986)

STEAM (stimulated-echo acquisition mode) imaging techniques recently introduced by the authors are demonstrated to provide a versatile tool for improving the parametric specificity in NMR imaging. Stimulated echoes can be excited by a sequence of at least three rf pulses with flip angles of 90 degrees or less. The main characteristics of the STEAM method are based on the great functional flexibility of an imaging sequence comprising three rf pulses unequal to 180 degrees and three intervals prior to acquisition of the data. Major advantages are the easy access to contiguous multiplanar images, to CHESS (chemical-shift-selective) images, and to T1 information. Moreover, the rf power deposition is considerably reduced as compared to spin-echo NMR imaging sequences. Here first in vivo results on human extremities are presented including contiguous multislice images, multiple CHESS images, and spin-lattice relaxation time images calculated from a series of simultaneously recorded T1-weighted STEAM images.
Capillary flow of liquid water through yarns: a theoretical model (2014)

In extreme weather conditions and activity levels of human subjects, evaporation of sweat is critical for maintaining the sensorial and thermal comfort. Fabrics, from which clothes worn next to the skin are made, play an important role in facilitating the transfer of body liquid perspiration away from the skin to the environment through the mechanisms of capillary flow and evaporation. This work is a theoretical and experimental investigation of water flow characteristics of yarns with relevance to their structure geometry and constituent fiber chemistry. A theoretical model to predict the capillary flow of liquid water through yarns was proposed. The model is based on the Kozeny–Carman equation, which represents interfiber pores in terms of the hydraulic radius theory. Cotton, polyester and cotton/polyester yarns were produced by systematically varying different production parameters, including fiber type, yarn twist, yarn linear density and blend ratio. Plain knitted fabrics were produced and yarns taken from the produced fabrics were tested for horizontal linear flow of liquid water. The experimental results showed a strong correlation with the estimated results based on the theoretical model. The model predicts that as the ratio of interfiber pore space area to the total fiber perimeter within yarn increases, the flow rate is expected to increase.
Automatic Caption Generation for News Images (2012)

This paper is concerned with the task of automatically generating captions for images, which is important for many image-related applications. Examples include video and image retrieval as well as the development of tools that aid visually impaired individuals to access pictorial information. Our approach leverages the vast resource of pictures available on the web and the fact that many of them are captioned and colocated with thematically related documents. Our model learns to create captions from a database of news articles, the pictures embedded in them, and their captions, and consists of two stages. Content selection identifies what the image and accompanying article are about, whereas surface realization determines how to verbalize the chosen content. We approximate content selection with a probabilistic image annotation model that suggests keywords for an image. The model postulates that images and their textual descriptions are generated by a shared set of latent variables (topics) and is trained on a weakly labeled dataset (which treats the captions and associated news articles as image labels). Inspired by recent work in summarization, we propose extractive and abstractive surface realization models. Experimental results show that it is viable to generate captions that are pertinent to the specific content of an image and its associated article, while permitting creativity in the description. Indeed, the output of our abstractive model compares favorably to handwritten captions and is often superior to extractive methods.
A novel oral form of salmon calcitonin improves glucose homeostasis and reduces body weight in diet‐induced obese rats (2011)

A novel oral form of sCT showed antidiabetic effects in DIO rats by improving glycaemic control, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and body weight.