gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contour Code: Robust and efficient multispectral palmprint encoding for human recognition (2011)

We propose `Contour Code', a novel representation and binary hash table encoding for multispectral palmprint recognition. We first present a reliable technique for the extraction of a region of interest (ROI) from palm images acquired with non-contact sensors. The Contour Code representation is then derived from the Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform. A uniscale pyramidal filter is convolved with the ROI followed by the application of a directional filter bank. The dominant directional subband establishes the orientation at each pixel and the index corresponding to this subband is encoded in the Contour Code representation. Unlike existing representations which extract orientation features directly from the palm images, the Contour Code uses a two stage filtering to extract robust orientation features. The Contour Code is binarized into an efficient hash table structure that only requires indexing and summation operations for simultaneous one-to-many matching with an embedded score level fusion of multiple bands. We quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the ROI extraction by comparison with a manually produced ground truth. Multispectral palmprint verification results on the PolyU and CASIA databases show that the Contour Code achieves an EER reduction upto 50%, compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Effects of n-Butyrate on Epstein--Barr Virus-carrying Lymphoma Lines (1982)

n-Butyrate has been shown to induce Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen synthesis in certain EBV-carrying lymphoma lines (Luka et al., 1979). We have studied the effect of n-butyrate on two EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma lines by immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy. In the producer line P3HR-1, the drug induced not only early antigen (EA) and virus capsid antigen (VCA) synthesis, as shown before, but also increased the number of cells containing virus particles. The transition from VCA expression to the formation of virus particles was much more effective in treated cells than in EBV antigen-producing cells of the same line. The productive cycle was associated with the development of characteristic morphological changes. In the non-producer Raji cells, n-butyrate induced EA in only a minor fraction of the cells. There were, however, clear signs of differentiation in the direction of plasma cells. Two days after the addition of n-butyrate 80% of the Raji cells could be classified as plasmablasts. After 72 h, 20% of the cells appeared as typical plasma cells.
Integrating Document Clustering and Topic Modeling (2013)

Document clustering and topic modeling are two closely related tasks which can mutually benefit each other. Topic modeling can project documents into a topic space which facilitates effective document clustering. Cluster labels discovered by document clustering can be incorporated into topic models to extract local topics specific to each cluster and global topics shared by all clusters. In this paper, we propose a multi-grain clustering topic model (MGCTM) which integrates document clustering and topic modeling into a unified framework and jointly performs the two tasks to achieve the overall best performance. Our model tightly couples two components: a mixture component used for discovering latent groups in document collection and a topic model component used for mining multi-grain topics including local topics specific to each cluster and global topics shared across clusters.We employ variational inference to approximate the posterior of hidden variables and learn model parameters. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
Sulphur capture during gasification of oil sand cokes (1993)

The capture of sulphur via the H2S-CaO reaction during gasification of delayed coke has been investigated in a 6.4 cm dia. semi-batch stirred bed reactor. Calcines from one of three limestones or a dolomite were mixed with coke which was then gasified in a steam-nitrogen mixture at atmospheric pressure and 930°C. The H2S content of the gas, and the sulphur content of the sorbent were determined as functions of time. The effects of sorbent surface area, percentage calcination, and the Ca/S ratio on the extent of sulphur capture and the conversion of sorbents were determined. The sulphidation reaction was analyzed using continuous and grain models. After an initial stage of chemical control the reaction appears to be controlled by diffusion through the product layer of the grain. On a étudié dans un réacteur à lit agité semi-continu la capture du soufre par la réaction H2S-CaO lors de la gazéification de coke. Les calcines extraites de trois calcaires ou ďune dolomite ont été mélangées à du coke qui a été gazéifié par la suite dans un mélange vapeur-azote à la pression atmosphérique et à 930°C. La teneur en H2S du gaz et la teneur en soufre du sorbant ont été déterminées en fonction du temps. On a également déterminé les effets de la surface du sorbant, de la calcination en pourcentage et du rapport Ca/S sur ľimportance de la capture du soufre et la conversion des sorbants. La réaction de sulfuration a été analysée à ľaide de modèles continus et de grain. Après une étape initiale de contrǒle chimique, la réaction semble ětre contrǒlée par la diffusion à travers la couche de produit du grain.
MONETARY IMPLICATIONS OF TAX REFORMS (1996)

Recently, several proposals for significant reform of the federal tax system have received serious political consideration, and many sound arguments for and against these proposals have been made. Although we summarize some of the economic arguments in this paper, it is not our purpose to discuss the merits of the proposals. Rather, our purpose is to show that, whatever proposal is adopted, it will be affected by and will affect the making and carrying out of monetary policy.
Plusvalía municipal: Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 9 de julio de 2018, interpretativa de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 59/2017 (2018)

La controversia por el Impuesto sobre el Incremento de Valor de los Terrenos de Naturaleza Urbana, comunmente conocido como Plusvalia Municipal, no es nueva. Incluso antes de su aprobacion, ya se denunciaba su ilegalidad.
Differential Expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC in Carcinomas of Various Sites An Immunohistochemical Study (2004)

We studied immunohistochemical expression of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC in 194 carcinomas of different primary sites to determine whether differential expression patterns could be used to distinguish different carcinomas. MUC1 was expressed by most (except adrenocortical and hepatocellular carcinomas). MUC2 was expressed infrequently (positive immunoreactivity primarily in tumors of gastrointestinal origin). MUC5AC was expressed by most pancreatic ductal and endocervical adenocarcinomas and a variable number of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC- immunophenotype was observed in most breast, lung, kidney, bladder, endometrial, and ovarian carcinomas; MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+ was characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. Adrenocortical and hepatocellular carcinomas were negative for all mucins. Carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin exhibited variable expression of each mucin examined and no consistent immunoreactivity pattern. Many carcinomas can exhibit distinct MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC expression patterns, which might be valuable diagnostically in specific settings (eg, distinguishing cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma or renal from adrenocortical carcinoma). However the overlapping and heterogeneous patterns of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC expression observed in many tumors, particularly those of gastrointestinal origin, preclude use of these markers in the routine immunohistochemical assessment of carcinomas of an unknown primary site.
Tuning the Electronic Properties of Silicon via Molecular Self-Assembly (1998)

Control over the surface chemistry and physics of electronic and optical materials is essential for constructing devices and fine-tuning their performance. In the past few years we have started to explore the use of organic molecules for systematic modification of semiconductor surface electronic properties. In this paper, manipulation of silicon surfaces by self-assembly of various quinolinium-based chromophores is reported. The progress of the assembly process is monitored by XPS, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopies as well as with surface wettability. The effect of the monolayer's dipole-moment on the Si surface potential and the interaction with surface states is monitored by CPD measurements. A pronounced effect of a sub-nanometer coupling-agent layer alone on the electron affinity and band-bending of Si was observed. We also show a way to modulate the Si work-function by tuning the dipole strength of the chromophore-containing organic, self-assembled monolayer and of its orientation with respect to the silicon surface.
Cross-Link Interference Suppression By Orthogonal Projector For 5G Dynamic TDD URLLC Systems (2020)

Dynamic time division duplexing (TDD) is envisioned as a vital transmission technology of the 5G new radio, due to its reciprocal propagation characteristics. However, the potential cross-link interference (CLI) imposes a fundamental limitation against the feasibility of the ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) in dynamic-TDD systems. In this work, we propose a near-optimal and complexity-efficient CLI suppression scheme using orthogonal spatial projection, while the signaling overhead is limited to B-bit, over the back-haul links. Compared to the state-of-the-art dynamic-TDD studies, proposed solution offers a significant improvement of the URLLC outage latency, e.g., ~-199% reduction, while boosting the achievable capacity per the URLLC packet by ~+156%.
Thermal decomposition, combustion and fire‐retardancy of polyurethanes—a review of the recent literature (2004)

Abstract An overview is presented of the literature on thermal decomposition, combustion and fire‐retardancy of polyurethane (PU) elastomers, PU‐based coatings, rigid and flexible PU foams. A brief overview of the structure of PU polymeric networks is helpful for a better understanding of the thermal decomposition and combustion phenomena. Literature sources were mostly taken from the publications of 1995 and later; however, for a basic description of the structural and thermal decomposition principles, older publication have also been cited. New developments in the efficient halogen‐containing additives and reactive copolymers are described. However, major progress in the area of flame‐retardant PUs in recent years is found in the field of phosphorus‐ or silicon‐containing products, especially reactive ones. Inorganic additives remain of great interest, especially in PU‐based intumescent coatings. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
An automatic capillary viscometer (1970)

An apparatus is described which combined the electronic measurement of the flow time of a liquid through a capillary viscometer with a programmed sequence for taking a pre-determined number of successive measurements on a single sample. Typical results are tabulated to show that the measurements are capable of a high degree of precision. The equipment has been designed with flexibility to allow for development to perform automatically other operations in capillary viscometry.
A luteinizing hormone receptor with a severely truncated cytoplasmic tail (LHR-ct628) desensitizes to the same degree as the full-length receptor. (1993)

The wild type murine luteinizing hormone (mLH) receptor, which in its mature form is predicted to be a protein of 674 amino acids (mLHR), and an artificially mutated form lacking the last 46 amino acids (mLHR-ct628) were stably expressed in murine L cells. Both forms stimulated adenylyl cyclase and underwent rapid desensitization. The mutation removed 1 tyrosine, 2 threonines, and 6 serines from the receptor. The results indicate that none of these potential phosphorylation sites participates in either adenylyl cyclase stimulation or receptor desensitization. Our results with the mLHR-ct628 (carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence CCKHRAEL) differ from those reported recently for the essentially identically mutated rat LHR that lacks the last 43 amino acids (rLHR-ct631 with carboxyl-terminal amino acid composition CCKRRAELYRR). This 43-amino acid truncation was described to have the effect of preventing hormone-induced desensitization. While the reasons for the discrepant results are not known, our results do not support the proposal for a participatory role of the extreme carboxyl terminus of the receptor in its desensitization.
The operating microscope. V. Maintenance and cleaning (1981)

Abstract Editor 's Note : This is the fifth and last article in a series by Mr. Hoerenz on the basic principles and handling of the operating microscope. The first article, on optical principles, illumination systems, and support systems, appeared in Journal of Microsurgery 1:364–369, 1980. The second article, on individual parts, handling, assembling, focusing, and balancing, appeared in Journal of Microsurgery 1:419–427, 1980. The third article, on accessories, appeared in Journal of Microsurgery 2:22–26, 1980. The fourth article, on documentation, appeared in Journal of Microsurgery 2:126–139, 1980 .
The Hydrodynamically Balanced System: A Novel Principle of Controlled Drug Release (1987)

Madopar HBS (125 mg) is a controlled-release dosage form with 100 mg L-dopa and 25 mg benserazide. The 'hydrodynamically balanced system' (HBS) used for this novel dosage form of Madopar is a dosage form which, when in contact with gastric fluid and after dissolution of the gelatine shell of the capsule, forms a mucous body and a bulk density of less than 1 and releases the drug(s) at a desired rate whereas the dosage form remains in the stomach for a prolonged period of time. Drugs--in the present case L-dopa and benserazide--are released through the hydrated layer by diffusion principle. This system is valuable for drugs which are soluble at lower pH. By varying the composition of the excipients, desired release rates can be achieved. The in vitro dissolution rate of Madopar HBS formulation is as follows: L-dopa t75% = about 6 h and benserazide t75% = about 4 h. The floating behavior was tested in an in vitro test. These in vitro floating properties could be confirmed in man and were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers by means of gamma camera measurements using a poly-marker technique carried out in connection with a Valium CR study. It is expected that this novel drug delivery system proffers a valuable dosage form which delivers the drug at a specific rate allowing a better control of fluctuations in parkinsonian patients.
Polarization selective optical phase conjugation in a Kerr-like medium (1988)

Measurements of optical phase-conjugation signals by degenerate four-wave mixing in an isotropic Kerr-like suspension of polystyrene spheres are reported. Polarization discrimination through orthogonally polarized pump beams was used to measure separately the coarse-grating and the fine-grating contributions. Autocorrelation techniques permitted measurement at low power levels. The coarse-grating contribution to χ(3) for a suspension of 0.05-μm-diameter polystyrene spheres in water yielded an effective χ(3) = 2.4 × 10−15 (m/V)2, in good agreement with theory, whereas the fine-grating contribution for the same solution yielded χ(3) = 0.56 × 10−15 (m/V)2, a value 10 times smaller than predicted by theory. Limitations of the theory are discussed.
Impact of maternally derived immunity on piglets’ immune response and protection against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) after vaccination against PCV2 at different age (2016)

The combination of vaccination in sows at mating and in piglets at 6 weeks of age was more effective for controlling PCV2 natural infection, than other vaccination schemas, thus sustaining that some interference of MDA with the induction of an efficient immune response could be considered. In conclusion, optimal vaccination strategy needs to balance the levels of passive immunity, the management practices and timing of infection.
A Single-Shot Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Detector based on Context Attended Multi-Task Learning (2019)

Detecting scene text of arbitrary shapes has been a challenging task over the past years. In this paper, we propose a novel segmentation-based text detector, namely SAST, which employs a context attended multi-task learning framework based on a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) to learn various geometric properties for the reconstruction of polygonal representation of text regions. Taking sequential characteristics of text into consideration, a Context Attention Block is introduced to capture long-range dependencies of pixel information to obtain a more reliable segmentation. In post-processing, a Point-to-Quad assignment method is proposed to cluster pixels into text instances by integrating both high-level object knowledge and low-level pixel information in a single shot. Moreover, the polygonal representation of arbitrarily-shaped text can be extracted with the proposed geometric properties much more effectively. Experiments on several benchmarks, including ICDAR2015, ICDAR2017-MLT, SCUT-CTW1500, and Total-Text, demonstrate that SAST achieves better or comparable performance in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm runs at 27.63 FPS on SCUT-CTW1500 with a Hmean of 81.0% on a single NVIDIA Titan Xp graphics card, surpassing most of the existing segmentation-based methods.
Placebo controls for acupuncture studies. (1995)

Many studies of acupuncture treatment are seriously flawed by methodological problems. Poor design, inadequate measures and statistical analysis, lack of follow-up data and sub-standard treatment are all too common. However, the major problem, which many investigators consider to be still unresolved, is the definition of an appropriate placebo control. The use of inappropriate placebo controls has bedeviled acupuncture research and led to serious misinterpretation of the results of clinical trials. While a number of different solutions have been proposed there is, as yet, no agreed way of assessing the adequacy of control conditions or of deciding which placebo to use in a particular trial. We propose that assessing the credibility of treatments and control conditions may provide a way forward to a more rigorous, consensus approach.
Atlas of Ophthalmic Surgery (1989)

Anybody reading the book will come away with increased knowledge of this complex and challenging topic.
High resolution terrain mapping using low attitude aerial stereo imagery (2003)

This paper presents an approach to build high resolution digital elevation maps from a sequence of unregistered low altitude stereovision image pairs. The approach first uses a visual motion estimation algorithm that determines the 3D motions of the cameras between consecutive acquisitions, on the basis of visually detected and matched environment features. An extended Kalman filter then estimates both the 6 position parameters and the 3D positions of the memorized features as images are acquired. Details are given on the filter implementation and on the estimation of the uncertainties on the feature observations and motion estimations. Experimental results show that the precision of the method enables to build spatially consistent very large maps.
Novel Associative Acrylamide-based Polymers for Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids (2013)

Abstract The properties of novel polymers for proppant transport in hydraulic fracturing operations are discussed. Acrylamide based associative polymers have been synthesized using various industrial production processes. Anionic polymers investigated are acrylamide (AMD) based co- and ter-polymers functionalized with monomers such as sodium acrylate (AA), sodium acrylamido-tertiary-butyl sulfonate (ATBS) and a home-made surfactant monomer. The rheological properties of the developed polymers in different brines are evaluated and compared to commercial guar gums usually used for fracturing fluids. The viscoelastic properties as well as settling time of proppant in graduated cylinder have been evaluated. The impact of oxidizing breakers and surfactants added to increase or decrease the viscosity of solutions are reported as well. The new polymers can be used in slickwater, linear gel and cross-linked hydraulic fracturing fluid. They have the ability to carry the proppant down to the target zone. With this technology, proppant can be transported and placed into the fractures with lower concentrations of product and reduce or eliminate the need for using guar gum. Fluid viscosity can be controlled (either increased or decreased) by the addition of surfactants and broken by conventional oxidizers. Laboratory data shows that new associative polymers solutions give very high viscosity at low shear rate and a strong reversible shear thinning effect. Typically, for 3000 ppm of associative polymer, settling time of proppant is 10 times longer than for the same concentration of guar gum. In gel-based fracturing jobs, transport of proppant is generally achieved using guar gum whose viscosity may be improved by adding cross-linkers such as borate or zirconium. The polymer presented in this paper could be a total or partial alternative to guar for proppant transport whose price is subjected to harvest aleas. Results show that lower polymer concentrations are required to obtain the same or even better suspending properties. Besides, traditional oxidizing breakers could be replaced by surfactant to decrease the viscosity of the fluid once the proppant has been placed in the fractures.
ELECTRICAL INJURY (1971)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: April 1971 - Volume 11 - Issue 4 - p 331-336
Solid-phase synthesis of peptide-platinum complexes using platinum-chelating building blocks derived from amino acids (2004)

Amino acids have been employed as precursors in the synthesis of platinum-chelating solid-phase building blocks. These chelating molecules were subsequently successfully used in the solid-phase synthesis of peptide-platinum complexes. The newly introduced functionality in the chelating part, as well as the nature of the pendant peptide, was shown to have an important influence on the anticancer activity of the complexes.
Discovery of Selective Alpha<sub>2C</sub>Adrenergic Receptor Agonists (2012)

Something to ease the pain: Chemical modification of a 2-amino-oxazoline scaffold led to the identification of α2C adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists. These ligands were characterized by a dual α2C-AR agonist/α2A-AR antagonist profile. Structure–activity relationships were studied, and screening in anesthetized rats demonstrated a superior margin of safety for this class of compounds with respect to cardiovascular effects compared with nonselective α2-AR agonists.