gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of processed soy oil by gas chromatography (1981)

Abstract Two basic gas chromatographic approaches are currently used for the analysis and characterization of processed soy oil and other lipid materials. One approach separates the intact glycerides after silylation whereas the complementary approach determines the fatty acid composition of the glycerides by the formation and subsequent separation of the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. A brief history of the development of these gas chromatographic procedures and a more detailed discussion of current packed and capillary column technology used for the separation of both intact glycerides and fatty acid methyl esters is presented. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of the newly emerging capillary techniques over the more conventional packed column separations. High resolution chromatograms are shown for the separation of mixed glyceride isomers and also for the separation of unsaturated methyl esters with respect to the number, geometry and position of the double bonds. The separation of the methyl esters can provide information equivalent to classical cis,cis ‐lipoxygenase, iodine monochloride titration and infrared rans analyses. Finally, the use of short capillary columns to achieve rapid low cost separations (with resolution equivalent to packed column separations), ideal for quality control, also are discussed.
Modification of the Standard Trizol-Based Technique Improves the Integrity of RNA Isolated from RNase-Rich Placental Tissue (2006)

Preservation of RNA integrity is important in microarray techniques for identifying differentially expressed genes so that results reflect true biological differences and not differences in RNA degradation (1). RNA degradation is usually low in RNA isolated from cultured cells (2). When samples isolated from RNase-rich tissues are used, however, RNA degradation may introduce bias (3)(4).

RNA extraction using Trizol (Invitrogen Life Technologies) is a common procedure in microarray experiments. Tissue homogenization at room temperature (15–25 °C), as specified in the manufacturer’s protocol, generates heat that may increase RNase activity. When snap-frozen tissue pieces are processed, only the outer surfaces are initially in contact with Trizol, and RNase activity in the deeper regions could adversely affect RNA integrity. We modified the Trizol protocol by ( a ) performing homogenization of frozen placental specimens in cold Trizol on wet ice (0–4 °C), ( b ) limiting homogenization time to 30-s intervals for up to 1.5 min to minimize heat generation at the expense of complete tissue disruption, and ( c ) pelleting cellular debris at 12 000 g for 10 min at 4 °C rather than at room temperature (see the Supplemental Methods section in the Data Supplement that accompanies the online version of this Letter at http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol52/issue1/).

Using capillary electrophoresis [RNA …
Efficacy of High-dose Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Controlling Acute Watery Diarrhea in Indian Children (2009)

Both the doses of LGG (10(10) and 10(12) CFU) were equally effective to decrease the frequency and duration of diarrhea and reduction in hospital stay in patients of AWD.
Biochemical properties of p15-associated protease in an avian RNA tumor virus (1978)

It was observed that the viral structural protein p15 from avian myeloblastosis virus emerges from ion-exchange column chromatography along with a proteolytic activity. p15 is apparently pure, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Increase and decrease in proteolytic activity coincided exactly with increasing and decreasing amounts of p15 during ion-exchange chromatography and during size fractionation by gell filtration. The proteolytic activity cleaved various substrates such as bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, concanavalin A, and casein after denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate and heat. Highest enzyme activity was observed around pH 5.7. As judged from its cleavage pattern and its response to proteolytic inhibitors, the proteolytic activity appears papain-like, and the protease responsible for it may be classified as a thiol protease. If added to immunoprecipitated viral polyprotein precursor Pr76, p15 resulted in cleavage of Pr76,which could be inhibited by antibodies against p15.
Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus Replication in Hbsag–Positive Fulminant Hepatitis (1990)

Hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis D virus RNA, the most sensitive markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus replication, were sought by molecular hybridization with radioactive probes in serial serum samples from 29 consecutive patients with HBsAg-positive fulminant hepatitis. Nineteen patients had evidence of hepatitis D virus infection, as assessed by the presence in serum of delta antigen, anti-delta antibodies, or both. Hepatitis B virus DNA was found in only two patients: one was a chronic HBsAg carrier with hepatitis D virus superinfection and the other had fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis D coinfection. Hepatitis D virus RNA was detected in three patients: two with hepatitis B and hepatitis D coinfection and also in the HBsAg carrier with positive hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis D virus superinfection. None of 10 patients with hepatitis B virus infection alone had detectable viral nucleic acids in serum. Overall, viral nucleic acids were detected in the sera of 4 of the 29 patients (14%). Hepatitis D virus antigenemia did not indicate hepatitis D virus replication because hepatitis D virus RNA was not detected in 9 of 12 patients with hepatitis D virus antigen in their sera. The low frequency of viral replication found in fulminant hepatitis B or D may explain the low recurrence rate of viral hepatitis in patients with fulminant hepatitis who have received liver transplantations.
Identification of Aminopyrimidine Regioisomers via Line Broadening Effects in 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy (2004)

Substituted mono- and diamino-pyrimidines were synthesized as part of our medicinal chemistry programmes. Primary amines substituted at the 4-position exhibited room-temperature line broadening effects in both 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy due to the presence of rotamers, but these effects were not observed for substituents in the 2-position. This provided a simple diagnostic tool for the identification of regioisomers, a determination which would otherwise have required two-dimensional experiments.
Resistance of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> to macrolides, lincomycin and streptogramin B (1986)

Of four strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, highly resistant to erythromycin and related antibiotics, three were homogeneously resistant, but the fourth showed heterogeneous resistance, with only 1% of the cells manifesting this property. Stable, homogeneous resistance was generated in this strain in the presence of erythromycin, whereas the heterogeneous resistance was lost spontaneously on passage in the absence of antibiotics, or on treatment with acridine orange. The mechanism of induction of stable resistance appears to be different from that seen in Staphylococcus aureus.
The Influence of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on the Suspending Power of Built Soap Solutions (1950)

The influence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the ability of soap solutions to prevent the deposition of carbon black on fabric during the detergent process has been stud ied. It was found that the presence of alkaline builders (sodium carbonate, modified soda, so dium metasilicate, and sodium orthosilicate) resulted in a decrease in the suspending power of soap solutions. The addition of CMC to such built soap solutions compensated to a considerable extent for this reduction in suspending power caused by the builder, although in no case did the suspending power equal that of the unbuilt soap. The maximum improvement in suspending power was obtained with a CMC concentration of 0.005%; i.e., 5% of the weight of soap used. In general, those builders which caused the greatest depression in the suspending power of the soap solution also showed the greatest improvement in suspending power on the addition of CMC.
Estimating marbling score in live cattle from ultrasound images using pattern recognition and neural network procedures1 (1994)

Neural network processing of texture statistics (which parameterized longissimus muscle echograms of live cattle) resulted in marbling estimates that differed from corresponding USDA carcass marbling scores by an average of .42 marbling score units. This was more accurate (P < .001) than using the same features in a multiple regression model. Images were used from 53 cattle in the training set and from 108 cattle in the validation set. Over 500 texture statistics (including variations in direction, resolution, and step size) were screened to identify three candidates (Markovian homogeneity--step size = one; third quadrant emphasis from the bit-4, normalized run length/gray level matrix; and 12-pixel local standard deviation) for intensive analysis. The differences between the live animal estimates and carcass marbling were not much greater than the human error in assigning carcass marbling scores. When the results were subjected to receiver operating characteristic analysis, accuracies in grade classification were comparable to clinical, diagnostic imaging evaluations. It is feasible to incorporate this procedure into a computer interfaced with an ultrasound system to provide unsupervised instrument evaluation of live cattle in "near real time" (2 or 3 s).
The changes of intestinal permeability in patients with mild acute pancreatitis (2006)

Background : Many studies in severe acute pancreatitis have demonstrated an increase in intestinal permeability, but not in mild acute pancreatitis. The current methods to measure intestinal permeability need much time and also laborious work. Therefore, we investigate the changes of intestinal permeability in patients with mild acute pancreatis and clinical predictive factor for the intestinal permeability in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods : The intestinal permeability were measured in 14 normal heathy controls, 41 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (alcoholic 14, biliary 12, idiopathic 15) by measuring 24 hour urine excretion of 51 Cr-EDTA ( 51 Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) for evaluation of the gut barrier dysfunction. We compared the intestinal permeability with clinical characteristics of patients. Results : The intestinal permeability was significantly increased in patients with mild acute pancreatitis (6.01±4.11%, p<0.001) versus control subjects (1.86±0.52%). There was no significant difference in the intestinal permeability among the patients with alcoholic, biliary and idiopathic pancreatitis. The correlation was not found between intestinal permeability and clinical characteristics in patients with mild acute pancreatitis. Conclusions : The intestinal permeability is increased in patients with mild acute pancreatitis regardless of etiology of pancreatitis. The predictive factor for gut barrier dysfunction is not detected in patients with mild acute pancreatitis.(Korean J Med 71:38-44, 2006)
Influence Diagrams with Continuous Decision Variables and Non-Gaussian Uncertainties (2007)

The continuous decision MTE influence diagram (CDMTEID) uses mixtures of truncated exponentials (MTE) potentials to approximate probability density functions (pdfs) and utility functions, and develops a piecewise-linear decision rule for continuous decision variables. The operations for solving CDMTEIDs are defined, and the abilities of this model to identify nonmonotonic decision rules and accommodate discrete variables with continuous parents are demonstrated. The CDMTEID solution to a problem with a continuous decision variable and a non-Gaussian continuous chance variable is presented and compared to a benchmark solution and existing models. The CDMTEID improves the quality of the decision rule and the value of information, as compared to other methods for the example problem.
A Tetracycline Resistance Transposon (Tn916) in Streptococcus Faecalis: Transposition and Conjugal Transfer. (1980)

PhD
Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in the prediction of preeclampsia. (1998)

The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme of the renal tubular cells was analyzed in 177 women divided into nonpregnant healthy controls (n = 46), normal pregnant women in their third trimester (n = 49), pregnant women with transient hypertension (n = 43), and women with preeclampsia (n = 39). Urinary activity of NAG was increased in normal pregnant women and in patients with transient hypertension in pregnancy compared to nonpregnant healthy controls. In preeclamptic women, this increase was found to be much higher than that corresponding to their gestational age; this fact is due to the tissue ischemia that precedes glomerular endotheliosis, but also tubular lesions caused by arteriolar vasoconstriction may have an important role.
Slip detection and grip adjustment using optical tracking in prosthetic hands (2011)

We have designed a closed loop control system that adjusts the grasping force of a prosthetic hand based on the amount of object slip detected by an optical tracking sensor. The system was designed for the i-Limb (a multi-fingered prosthetic hand from Touch Bionics Inc.) and is comprised of an optical sensor embedded inside a silicone prosthetic glove and a control algorithm. In a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of optical tracking in slip sensing, we record slip rate while increasing the weight held in the grasp of the hand and compare two cases: grip adjustment on and grip adjustment off. The average slip rate was found to be 0.314 slips/(s · oz) without grip adjustment and 0.0411 slips/(s · oz) with grip adjustment. This paper discusses the advantages of the optical approach in slip detection and presents the experiment and results utilizing the optical sensor and grip control algorithm.
On-Line Cleaning of Year-Round Building HVAC Loops (1999)

Abstract A cleaning product is discussed which protects metals as it removes rust from corroded surfaces. This bi-functionality and the slow rate of removal makes it a candidate for on-line cleaning of HVAC loops. Two different mechanisms are involved in silt and rust removal. Silt is dispersed, while hydrated rust is dispersed as well as solubilized. Air-dried iron oxide attached to a corroded field pipe did not disperse but was slowly solubilized. Corrosion inhibition afforded by the formulation is studied gravimetrically and by LCM. It showed mild steel protection in presence of the product is not limited to clean surfaces, but is extended to under-deposit corrosion.
Changing Requirements for Air Filtration Test Standards (1994)

This article states the need for new standards incorporating new test methods to determine particle-size-dependent efficiencies of air filters and cleaners. Test standards form the foundation for air cleaner selection in the ventilation industry. Standards for testing and rating products under controlled conditions are essential so that both users and specifiers can: compare products; with reasonable certainty, predict a uniform level of known performance under operating conditions; and determine appropriate filter efficiencies for specific situations. For these reasons, the development of standards has formed an important part of committee activity in the history of ASHRAE.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging of lipids in cancer metastasis (2009)

Lipid-rich tumours are linked to cancer metastasis through FFAs-induced physical perturbations on cancer cell membrane. Most importantly, the revelation of lipid-rich circulating tumour cells suggests possible development of CARS intravital flow cytometry for label-free detection of early-stage cancer metastasis.
Screening for Optimal Algal Cell Growth and Neutral Lipid Production Conditions in Microplates (2012)

The increase in the price of fossil fuel based products, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, and the ever present reality of global climate change has brought an increased interest in the use of renewable sources of energy products. While initial efforts have focused on the fermentation of sugars obtained from sugar cane or corn, the use of food based sources has proved untenable for long term production of renewable fuels. While algae based products offer many potential advantages over the food based sources of energy, extensive research is still required in order to make them an economically viable option. Unfortunately, algal research has not widely utilized the tool of high throughput screening using microplates that has been successfully employed in fields such as drug discovery.
Artificial intelligence techniques for cancer treatment planning (1988)

An artificial intelligence system, NEWCHEM, for the development of new oncology therapies is described. This system takes into account the most recent advances in molecular and cellular biology and in cell-drug interaction, and aims to guide experimentation in the design of new optimal protocols. Further work is being carried out, aimed to embody in the system all the basic knowledge of biology, physiopathology and pharmacology, to reason qualitatively from first principles so as to be able to suggest cancer therapies.
Defects and Order in Perovskite-Related Oxides (1985)

▪ Abstract The phase-field method has recently emerged as a powerful computational approach to modeling and predicting mesoscale morphological and microstructure evolution in materials. It describes a microstructure using a set of conserved and ...Read More
Synthetic, structural, and reactivity studies of the reduction and carbon monoxide derivatization of azobenzene mediated by divalent lanthanide complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic, structural, and reactivity studies of the reduction and carbon monoxide derivatization of azobenzene mediated by divalent lanthanide complexesWilliam J. Evans, Donald K. Drummond, L. R. Chamberlain, Robert J. Doedens, Simon G. Bott, Hongming. Zhang, and Jerry L. AtwoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 15, 4983–4994Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00223a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00223a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views896Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Examination of Snapshot Data in Caterpillar Electronic Control Modules (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">It has been recognized that Event Data Recorder (EDR) technology incorporated into the Electronic Control Modules (ECMs) of on-highway heavy truck engines can be a benefit to motor vehicle collision investigation and reconstruction [<span class="xref">1</span>,<span class="xref">2</span>,<span class="xref">3</span>,<span class="xref">4</span>,<span class="xref">5</span>,<span class="xref">6</span>,<span class="xref">7</span>]. Such beneficial features include the snapshots recorded by many Caterpillar engines. These snapshots, which are triggered by engine faults, operator input, or by what is called a “Quick Stop,” record engine operation and parameters surrounding the event. Past research has reported that while snapshot data are accurate, the documented event time may be off by 24 hours in some ECMs, notwithstanding the module's clock settings being correct [<span class="xref">7</span>]. Furthermore, other research has suggested that some modules may report the time interval between data points at approximately two times the actual duration [<span class="xref">6</span>]. In these cases, without a formal detailed study of snapshot records, the validity of the data may be brought into question should a snapshot be shown to have occurred on a different date, or should the timing of data be off.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study performed a detailed examination of the data recorded by Caterpillar snapshots. In particular, the research identified known issues, as well as several previously unknown anomalies that can occur with different Caterpillar ECM types. Beyond documenting snapshot data, the authors also explored whether or not multiple snapshot records can be recorded at the same time, or, when this is not possible, how much time is needed between events for multiple electronic files to be written.</div></div>
Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of survivin in 67 surgically resected pancreatic cancer patients (2005)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancer with less than 10% long-term survivors. The apoptotic pathway deregulation is a postulated mechanism of carcinogenesis of this tumour. The present study investigated the prognostic role of apoptosis and apoptosis-involved proteins in a series of surgically resected pancreatic cancer patients. All patients affected by pancreatic adenocarcinoma and treated with surgical resection from 1988 to 2003 were considered for the study. Patients' clinical data and pathological tumour features were recorded. Survivin and Cox-2 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Apoptotic cells were identified using the TUNEL method. Tumour specimen of 67 resected patients was included in the study. By univariate analysis, survival was influenced by Survivin overexpression. The nuclear Survivin overexpression was associated with better prognosis (P=0.0009), while its cytoplasmic overexpression resulted a negative prognostic factor (P=0.0127). Also, the apoptotic index was a statistically significant prognostic factor in a univariate model (P=0.0142). By a multivariate Cox regression analysis, both the nuclear (P=0.002) and cytoplasmic (P=0.040) Survivin overexpression maintained the prognostic statistical value. This is the first study reporting a statistical significant prognostic relevance of nuclear and cytoplasmic Survivin overexpression in pancreatic cancer. In particular, patients with high nuclear Survivin staining showed a longer survival, whereas patients with high cytoplasmic Survivin staining had a shorter overall survival.
[Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1-substituted benzyl quinolone acid derivatives]. (1990)

The compounds of quinolone class, which were studied extensively and developed very quickly in the last decades, showed high activity, low toxicity and broad antibacterial spectrum. About thirty new compounds of 1,7-disubstituted-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids were synthesised and evaluated in vitro against S. aureus 25923, E. coli-25922 and P. aeruginosa. Their activities were low. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC microgram/ml) of these compounds against Gram-positive bacteria were higher than those against Gram-negative bacteria. The relative in vitro activity contributed by 1-benzyl was: benzyl greater than p-chlorobenzyl greater than p-nitrobenzyl groups.