gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aircraft DC Power Quality Characteristics of a PCTRU (2008)

An overview of aircraft DC power quality specifications reveals that only minor changes have occurred in recent years within industry standards. Current and future advanced electronic aircraft are requiring significant power quality improvements due to increased use of digital and COTS (commercial off the shelf) systems. Certain electronic systems do not function properly due to various types of electrical disturbances. Some systems shutdown, fault or exhibit operational delays due to power interruptions or “blackout” conditions. Undervoltage or “brownout” conditions also cause this effect. Some electronic systems exhibit critical faults that can affect safety or mission success due to overvoltage conditions. Additional effects of high voltage spikes or overvoltage transients are known to reduce the life of utilization equipment [1], which is directly related to the health of the aircraft’s electronic system and creates an economic burden. These disturbances are described as high voltage transients, low voltage transients or brownouts, power interruptions and voltage modulation. Another type of perceived perturbation on the DC bus is caused by ripple voltage. All of these are fundamental DC power quality characteristics that can induce problems in electronic systems. These disturbances are caused by various portions of the entire electrical power system consisting of AC generators, transmission lines, power converters, contactors, electrical power distribution controls and AC/DC loads from utilization equipment. Presented here is a power supply system described as a Passively Controlled Transformer Rectifier Unit (PCTRU) that preserves the desired reliability of a traditional transformer rectifier unit (TRU) while providing stability to the aircraft 28 VDC bus and mitigating risks caused by these various electrical disturbances. INTRODUCTION One major AC to DC power conversion topology utilized for aerospace applications is a simple Transformer Rectifier Unit (i.e. TR or TRU) [2]. These designs represent the most reliable power supply topology, which continually meet the first goal of an aerospace DC electrical power system objective-reliability. Significant power quality improvements can be achieved with the basic TRU as described in detail here. However, complex solutions with feedback control (i.e. regulated) topologies that forcefully control power also provide power quality improvements, but these benefits are diminished to an extent by additional failure modes, lower reliability, increased electromagnetic interference for emissions and susceptibility and increased cost. If the DC power supply fails resulting in “loss of power”, power quality is the least concern. Moreover, if the additional fault is “high steady state output voltage”, the more complex solution may cause additional harm to the aircraft electrical system and utilization equipment. These conditions led to the development of a passively controlled power supply that mitigates these risks while preserving reliability.
The Evolution of Social Behavior over Time in Second Life (2009)

The current study tracked 80 participants who spent an average of six hours per week in Second Life over six consecutive weeks. Objective measures of movement and chat were automatically collected in real time when participants logged in to Second Life. Data regarding the number of groups and friends was self-reported through online questionnaires on a weekly basis. Results demonstrated that although the social networks of users continued to broaden over the course of the study, users became less inclined to explore regions, decreased their use of high-energy actions such as flying or running, and chatted less. We discuss implications for theories of virtual social interaction as well as the use of Second Life as a social science research platform.
Strong Ferromagnetic Exchange Couplings in Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes with a Paramagnetic Tridentate Chelate Ligand, 2,2‘-Bipyridin-6-yl <i>tert</i>-Butyl Nitroxide (2006)

A paramagnetic ligand 6bpyNO (2,2'-bipyridin-6-yl tert-butyl nitroxide) is a newcomer in the field of metal-radical hybrid magnetic materials. Complexes [CuII(6bpyNO)Cl2] and [NiII(6bpyNO)2](PF6)2 having highly planar chelate rings showed considerably strong ferromagnetic exchange couplings J/kB = 202 and 192 K, respectively, across the direct radical oxygen coordination bonds (the spin Hamiltonian is defined as -2JSi.Sj).
Focusing of light by a nanohole array (2007)

The authors demonstrate a mechanism for focusing at optical frequencies based on the use of nanohole quasiperiodic arrays in metal screens. Using coherent illumination at 660nm and scanning aperture optical microscopy, ∼290nm “hot spots” were observed at a distance of ∼12.5μm from the array. Even smaller hot spots of about ∼200nm in waist were observed closer to the plane of the array.
Viral Proteins: Viral Secrets Revealed Bit by Bit (2008)

The Protein Discovery Centre at QIMR was established to chemically identify and analyse the proteins involved in physiological and disease processes. The centre's main project area is deciphering viral/host protein interactions.
Specific binding of the transglutaminase, platelet factor XIII, to HSP27. (1994)

HSP27, the unique mammalian low molecular weight heat shock protein, is prominently phosphorylated upon activation of a wide variety of cells and has a role in thermotolerance, growth events, and regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In thrombin-stimulated platelets, HSP27 is rapidly and prominently phosphorylated in a manner highly correlated with platelet secretion. However, the function of HSP27 and the identity of proteins that interact with HSP27 remain unknown. To identify specific HSP27-protein interactions, a recombinant fusion protein affinity reagent was constructed and used to identify proteins associating with HSP27 from human platelet lysates and erythroleukemia cells. An 84-kDa protein was found to associate specifically with HSP27 and was isolated from platelet lysates, resolved on preparative gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, subjected to enzymatic digestion, and microsequenced. A 20-amino acid sequence derived from p84 proved identical to amino acids 484-503 of the transglutaminase, platelet Factor XIII. Immunoblotting studies were used to confirm the binding of FXIII from fresh platelet lysates to the HSP27 fusion protein. FXIII also was shown to coprecipitate with HSP27 in immunoprecipitation studies and to colocalize with HSP27 in immunofluorescence studies of intact glass-activated platelets. The data thus demonstrate specific binding of platelet FXIII to HSP27 and suggest that HSP27 may participate in the cellular localization and/or enzymatic regulation of platelet FXIII.
Effect of Well Defined Dodecahedral Porosity on Inflammation and Angiogenesis (2002)

Porosity is an important factor in the healing of prosthetic devices. To better understand this phenomenon, porous polyurethane scaffolds were produced by a variation of the phase inversion/porogen extraction technique in which a prepacked column of spherical porogen particles was infiltrated with a polymer solution before polymer precipitation and porogen extraction. Scaffolds contained pores of well defined shape (approaching open faced pentagonal dodecahedra), narrow size distributions (66.1 +/- 1.3 microm, 84.2 +/- 1.7 microm, and 156.9 +/- 1.2 microm) and high interconnectivity (interconnecting windows of 30.1 +/- 0.8 microm, 41.9 +/- 1.5 microm, and 76.4 +/- 2.0 microm, respectively). A high degree of accessible macroporosity (>80%) could be achieved while limiting the mostly inaccessible microporosity to below 2%. The neovascularization and inflammatory responses to the scaffolds were evaluated in the subcutaneous rat model for 4 weeks. The inflammatory response index and foreign body giant cell index could be reduced by 56% (p < 0.05) and 21% (p < 0.02), respectively, when the pore size was increased from 66 microm to 157 microm, whereas the vascularization index and arteriolar index remained unchanged. Thus, a significant decrease in inflammatory response could be achieved without adversely affecting the degree of neovascularization by increasing the size of the pores.
ChemInform Abstract: Micelle‐Bound Metalloporphyrins as Highly Selective Catalysts for the Epoxidation of Alkenes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Autodoping in Silicon Epitaxy (1985)

Vertical and lateral autodoping in silicon epitaxy deposited in a vertical pancake‐type reactor were examined as a function of pre‐epitaxial bake cycle, dopant type, source gas, and growth parameters. Boron, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony were used as dopant elements to form a localized buried layer at the center of substrates. Silane, dichlorosilane, and silicon tetrachloride were used as the silicon source for epitaxial growth. The results show that higher prebaking temperature produces more lateral autodoping for boron and phosphorus, while the opposite holds for arsenic and antimony. Autodoping in both vertical and lateral directions decreases with increasing prebake time. A continual decrease in lateral autodoping is found with increasing growth rate for phosphorus; for arsenic, only a slight difference is noticed in the growth‐rate range studied. Phosphorus and arsenic show a similar trend at the deposition temperature of lateral autodoping, i.e., autodoping decreases at first, then increases with increasing temperature. For all the dopants studied, vertical and lateral autodoping decrease with increasing number of chlorine atoms in the source gases.
Peroxyl-Radical Reaction of Retinyl Acetate in Solution (1992)

Retinyl acetate suppressed the free radical-induced oxidation of methyl linoleate. Retinyl acetate was reacted with an alkylperoxyl radical in two solvent systems, methanol and benzene. The alkylperoxyl radical was generated by the thermal decomposition of a free radical initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), at 37°C. The reaction products were isolated by HPLC and their structures were identified. The main product in methanol was 14-hydroxy-13-methoxyretinyl acetate in addition to some minor products. The reaction in benzene gave some products with low yields. They were 5,6-epoxyretinyl acetate, 11,14-epoxyretinyl acetate, and 5,6,11,14-diepoxyretinyl acetate. The results indicate that retinyl acetate is capable of scavenging peroxyl radicals by its conjugated polyene structure.
Development and validation of the first point-of-care assay to objectively monitor adherence to HIV treatment and prevention in real-time in routine settings (2019)

We describe the development and validation of the first point-of-care assay to measure short-term adherence to HIV prevention and treatment in routine settings. The assay is low-cost, easy-to-perform and measures the breakdown product (tenofovir) of both TDF and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). This assay has the potential to improve HIV and PrEP outcomes worldwide by triggering differentiated service delivery with further study merited.
Improved monovalent TNF receptor 1-selective inhibitor with novel heterodimerizing Fc (2019)

The development of alternative therapeutic strategies to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases has generated increasing interest. In particular, selective inhibition of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) promises a more precise intervention, tackling only the pro-inflammatory responses mediated by TNF while leaving regenerative and pro-survival signals transduced by TNFR2 untouched. We recently generated a monovalent anti-TNFR1 antibody fragment (Fab 13.7) as an efficient inhibitor of TNFR1. To improve the pharmacokinetic properties of Fab 13.7, the variable domains of the heavy and light chains were fused to the N-termini of newly generated heterodimerizing Fc chains. This novel Fc heterodimerization technology, designated "Fc-one/kappa" (Fc1κ) is based on interspersed constant Ig domains substituting the CH3 domains of a γ1 Fc. The interspersed immunoglobulin (Ig) domains originate from the per se heterodimerizing constant CH1 and CLκ domains and contain sequence stretches of an IgG1 CH3 domain, destined to enable interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor, and thus promote extended serum half-life. The resulting monovalent Fv-Fc1κ fusion protein (Atrosimab) retained strong binding to TNFR1 as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quartz crystal microbalance, and potently inhibited TNF-induced activation of TNFR1. Atrosimab lacks agonistic activity for TNFR1 on its own and in the presence of anti-human IgG antibodies and displays clearly improved pharmacokinetic properties.
Regulatory hierarchy of photomorphogenic loci: allele-specific and light-dependent interaction between the HY5 and COP1 loci. (1994)

Previous studies suggested that the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) gene product represses photomorphogenic development in darkness and that light signals reverse this action. In this report, we used genetic analysis to investigate the regulatory hierarchical relationship of COP1 and the loci encoding the photoreceptors and other signaling components. Our results showed that cop1 mutations are epistatic to the long hypocotyl mutations hy1, hy2, hy3, and hy4, suggesting that COP1 acts downstream of the phytochromes and a blue light receptor. Although epistasis of a putative null cop1-5 mutation over a hy5 mutation implied that COP1 acts downstream of HY5, the same hy5 mutation can suppress the dark photomorphogenic phenotypes (including hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon cellular differentiation) of the weak cop1-6 mutation. This, and other allele-specific interactions between COP1 and HY5, may suggest direct physical contact of their gene products. In addition, the synthetic lethality of the weak deetiolated1 (det1) and cop1 mutations and the fact that the cop1-6 mutation is epistatic to the det1-1 mutation with respect to light control of seed germination and dark-adaptative gene expression suggested that DET1 and COP1 may act in the same pathway, with COP1 being downstream. These results, together with previous epistasis studies, support models in which light signals, once perceived by different photoreceptors, converge downstream and act through a common cascade(s) of regulatory steps, as defined by DET1, HY5, COP1, and likely others, to derepress photomorphogenic development.
Pharmacological agents for the prevention of vestibular migraine (2015)

We found no evidence from RCTs to answer the question set out in the review objectives. This review has identified the need for well-designed randomised controlled trials to answer questions about the efficacy of current and new treatments.
Polyamines are inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. (1982)

The naturally occurring organic polycations such as spermine and spermidine inhibit histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion by bullfrog gastric mucosa in vitro; spermine is much more potent than spermidine. Unlike the H2 receptor antagonists, the polyamines are completely ineffective from the nutrient side and are effective only from the secretory side of the chambered mucosa. The polyamine effects could be reversed by increasing K+ concentration in the secretory solution. Studies with isolated gastric microsomal vesicles demonstrate that the polyamines do not inhibit the gastric H+,K+-ATPase but greatly decrease the ATPase-mediated uptake of H+ under appropriate conditions. For the latter effects the presence of polyamine within the vesicle interior was found to be essential. Our data strongly suggest an uncoupling of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase system by the polyamines. The therapeutic potential of these and similar compounds in the treatment of hyperacidity and peptic ulcer is discussed.
Treatment considerations for vertebroplasty in men. (2004)

Primary osteoporosis in men is unusual. In male patients without a definable cause of osteoporosis, known metastatic disease, or a significant history of trauma, the routine performance of a vertebral biopsy through the vertebroplasty needle before the injection of bone cement is indicated to identify unexpected neoplasm.
Production of Novel Recombinant Single-Domain Antibodies against Tandem Repeat Region of MUC1 Mucin (2004)

Recently, the existence of "heavy-chain" antibody in Camelidae has been described. However, as yet there is no data on the binding of this type of antibody to peptides. In addition, there was not any report of production of single-domain antibodies in two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus). In the present study, these questions are addressed. We showed the feasibility of immunizing old world camels, cloning the repertoire of the variable domain of their heavy-chain antibodies, panning and selection, leading to the successful identification of minimum-sized antigen binders. Antigen-specific fragments of the heavy-chain IgGs (V(HH)) are of great interest in biotechnology because they are very stable, highly soluble, and react specifically and with high affinity to the antigens. In this study, we immunized two camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) with homogenized cancerous tissues, synthetic peptide, and human milk fat globule membrane (HMFG), and generated two V(HH) libraries displayed on phage particles. Some single-domain antibody fragments have been isolated that specifically recognize the tandem repeat region of MUC1. The camels' single-domain V(HH) harbor the original, intact antigen binding site and reacted specifically and with high affinity to the tandem repeat region of MUC1. Indeed soluble, specific antigen binders and good affinities (in the range of 0.2 x 10(9) M(-1) to 0.6 x 10(9) M(-1)) were identified from these libraries. This is the first example of the isolation of camel anti-peptide V(HH) domains.
Dynamic voltage scaling of OLED displays (2011)

Unlike liquid crystal display (LCD) panels that require high-intensity backlight, organic LED (OLED) display panels naturally consume low power and provide high image quality thanks to their self-illuminating characteristic. In spite of this fact, the OLED display panel is still the dominant power consumer in battery-operated devices. As a result, there have been many attempts to reduce the OLED power consumption. Since power consumption of any pixel of the OLED display depends on the color that it displays, previous power saving methods change the pixel color subject to a tolerance level on the color distortion specified by the users. In practice, the OLED power saving techniques cannot be used on common user applications such as photo viewers and movie players.
Enhanced hepatic-targeted delivery via oral administration using nanoliposomes functionalized with a novel DSPE–PEG–cholic acid conjugate (2016)

DSPE–PEG–cholic acid modified nanoliposomes interacted with cholic acid receptor on intestine epithelial cells and hepatocytes specifically for oral hepatic targeting.
Lactosylceramide in inflammatory bowel disease: a biochemical study. (1988)

A simple technique for isolating lipids from small pieces of tissue was applied to mucosal biopsies and samples of resected intestine from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scanning densitometry of two dimensional chromatograms showed increased concentrations of the membrane associated glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide in Crohn's disease, on comparison with ulcerative colitis (p less than 0.01), or controls (p less than 0.01). This indicates either that normal glycosphingolipid metabolism is altered, or that a novel source of lactosylceramide is present in the inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease.
Cr:LiSrAlF6 Laser Pumped by Visible Laser Diodes (1991)

A Cr:LiSrAlF6 (Cr:LiSAF) laser has been diode pumped. Both cw and long pulse diode pumping were demonstrated with pump power levels as high as 300 mW cw and 1 W pulsed. Polarization combination of pump diodes to reach threshold was demonstrated with two low power lasers. The maximum output power obtained was 26.5 mW cw and 175.8 mW pulsed. Analysis of the data show the passive loss level of the crystal is less than 0.1% cm−1. Details of the Cr:LiSAF crystal growth and high power diode architecture are presented, along with optical characterization data for the laser resonator.
Determination of camptothecin analogs in biological matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography (2000)

Several analogs of the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) have been introduced in clinical practice in the last decade. All CPT analogs are sensitive to a pH-dependent reversible conversion between a pharmacologically active lactone form and its inactive, lactone ring-opened, carboxylate form. The reversible conversion is also dependent on the, sometimes species-dependent, protein binding properties of the two forms, resulting in different lactone to carboxylate plasma ratios for the various analogs. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the CPT analogs is helpful in understanding the pharmacodynamic outcome of drug treatment, in clinical as well preclinical studies. Measurement of these analogs is habitually complicated by the chemical instability of the lactone moiety and necessitates a rapid centrifugation of the blood sample, preferably at the bedside of the patient, to collect the plasma supernatant. Since the lactone forms of these drugs are able to diffuse across cell membranes, including those of the red blood cells, rapid collection and processing is even necessary in the case where only the total concentrations of the CPT analogs are to be measured. Sample pretreatment procedures of the CPT analogs topotecan, irinotecan, 9-aminocamptothecin and lurtotecan are summarized and discussed in this review.
Direct Synthesis of Titanium-Substituted Mesoporous SBA-15 Molecular Sieve under Microwave−Hydrothermal Conditions (2001)

Titanium-substituted mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieve has been successfully prepared at 373 K by direct synthesis under microwave−hydrothermal conditions within about 2 h. By means of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, infrared, UV−vis diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopies, a successful isomorphous substitution of titanium in the silica framework of SBA-15 samples with Si/Ti ratios of 20, 30, and 40 has been reported. The substitution of Ti for Si did not change the textural properties. The higher titanium loading leads to the formation of extraframework titanium species. These results show that microwave-assisted synthesis is an ideal approach to prepare Ti-substituted SBA-15, which is expected to be useful as a selective oxidation catalyst for reactions involving large molecules.