gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free-Standing Highly Conductive Transparent Ultrathin Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films (2010)

Transparent and conductive single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films are of great importance to a number of applications such as optical and electronic devices. Here, we describe a simple approach for preparing free-standing highly conductive transparent SWNT films with a 20-150 nm thickness by spray coating from surfactant-dispersed aqueous solutions of SWNTs synthesized by an improved floating-catalyst growth method. After the HNO(3) treatment, dipping the SWNT films supporting on glass substrates in water resulted in a quick and nondestructive self-release to form free-standing ultrathin SWNT films on the water surface. The obtained films have sufficiently high transmittance (i.e., 95%), a very low sheet resistance (i.e., ∼120 Ω/sq), and a small average surface roughness (i.e., ∼3.5 nm for a displayed 10 × 10 μm area). Furthermore, the floating SWNT films on the water surface were easily transferred to any substrates of interest, without intense mechanical and chemical treatments, to preserve their original sizes and network structures. For example, the transferred SWNT films on poly(ethylene terephthalate) films are mechanically flexible, which is a great advantage over conventional indium-tin oxide (ITO) and therefore strongly promise to be "post ITO" for many applications.
Non-Linear Rheology of Polymer Melts (2009)

The continuous demand for high performance products is the driving force for the development of state‐of‐the‐art materials with outstanding processability and mechanical strength. In order to fulfill these properties, an appropriate tailoring of the molecular structure is a requirement. Such tailoring can only be achieved provided that suitable and sensitive characterization techniques are available. The dominance of complex flows in most of the industrial processes requires the understanding of the rheological properties under the non‐linear viscoelastic regime. Within the present work Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) will be applied to a series of industrial polypropylene and polyethylene based materials. This work will provide additional insights on the relationship between given rheological parameters from LAOS flow (|G′1/G′3|) and molecular topology. The use of the third order Chebyshev elastic and viscous coefficients, e3 and v3, provided an understanding of the physical nature of the non‐linear viscoelastic response.
The effect of manipulating knowledge of results on the learning of slalom-type ski movements (1986)

Three groups (N = 27 per group) of subjects were required to learn to make slalom-type ski movements under different conditions of instruction and related feedback utilizing a so-called ski-simulator comprising a platform moving over bowed rails. Training and test trials were repeated on each of four successive days (22·5 min per day of which 15 min were actually spent on practice). Subjects (dependent upon the group to which they were assigned) were instructed, during training trials, to direct their attention primarily to the frequency (tempo), the amplitude, or the fluency of the platform movement. Augmented feedback was provided only on that parameter. From the test results at the end of the fourth day, it was shown that the group which directed their attention during training to the amplitude of the movement of the platform were not only successful with respect to that parameter but also with respect to frequency and fluency (the three criteria defining the task). In contrast, the group which directed its attention towards the frequency of the movement of the platform demonstrated a lower achievement on the amplitude measure than did the other two groups. Special attention to the fluency parameter did not appear justifiable since the group directing its attention to, and receiving feedback about, this parameter moved with a reduced frequency and, furthermore, was no more fluent at the end of its training than subjects in the other two groups.
Fine-Grained Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild (2020)

Over the past decades, researches on facial expression recognition have been restricted within six basic expressions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise). However, these six words can not fully describe the richness and diversity of human beings' emotions. To enhance the recognitive capabilities for computers, in this paper, we focus on fine-grained facial expression recognition in the wild and build a brand new benchmark FG-Emotions to push the research frontiers on this topic, which extends the original six classes to more elaborate thirty-three classes. Our FG-Emotions contains 10,371 images and 1,491 video clips annotated with corresponding fine-grained facial expression categories and landmarks. FG-Emotions also provides several features (e.g., LBP features and dense trajectories features) to facilitate related research. Moreover, on top of FG-Emotions, we propose a new end-to-end Multi-Scale Action Unit (AU)-based Network (MSAU-Net) for facial expression recognition with image which learns a more powerful facial representation by directly focusing on locating facial action units and utilizing “zoom in” operation to aggregate distinctive local features. As for recognition with video, we further extend the MSAU-Net to a two-stream model (TMSAU-Net) by adding a module with attention mechanism and a temporal stream branch to jointly learn spatial and temporal features. (T)MSAU-Net consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art solutions on our FG-Emotions and several other datasets, and serves as a strong baseline to drive the future research towards fine-grained facial expression recognition in the wild.
Elevated Plasma Cortisol Concentrations: A Link between Low Birth Weight and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome?1 (1998)

Recent studies have shown that reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of the insulin resistance syndrome in adult life. The mechanisms are not known. However increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) may underlie this association; the axis is known to be reset by fetal growth retardation in animals, and there is evidence in humans of an association between raised HPAA activity and the insulin resistance syndrome. We have, therefore, examined the relations among size at birth, plasma cortisol concentrations, and components of the insulin resistance syndrome in a sample of healthy men. We measured 0900 h fasting plasma cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin levels in 370 men who were born in Hertfordshire, UK, between 1920-1930 and whose birth weights were recorded. Fasting plasma cortisol concentrations varied from 112-702 nmol/L and were related to systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.04), plasma triglyceride levels (P = 0.009), and insulin resistance (P = 0.006). Plasma cortisol concentrations fell progressively (P = 0.007) from 408 nmol/L in men whose birth weights were 5.5 lb (2.50 kg) or less to 309 nmol/L among those who weighed 9.5 lb (4.31 kg) or more at birth, a trend independent of age and body mass index. These findings suggest that plasma concentrations of cortisol within the normal range could have an important effect on blood pressure and glucose tolerance. Moreover, this study provides the first evidence that intrauterine programming of the HPAA may be a mechanism underlying the association between low birth weight and the insulin resistance syndrome in adult life.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Bundles in Sulfuric Acid (1999)

Electrochemical doping of bisulfate ions into single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles has been studied using coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, mass-uptake measurements, and Raman scattering experiments. A spontaneous charge-transfer reaction is observed prior to the application of an electrochemical driving force, in sharp contrast to previous observations in the graphite−H2SO4 system. A mass increase of the SWNT sample and a concomitant upshift of the Raman-active tangential mode frequency indicate oxidation (i.e., removal of electrons) of the SWNT bundles. In fact, using Raman scattering, we were able to separate the spontaneous and electrochemical contributions to the overall charge transfer, resulting in the value of an upshift of 320 cm-1 per hole, per C-atom introduced into the carbon π-band by the bisulfate (HSO4-) dopant. This value may prove to be a universal measure of charge transfer in acceptor-type SWNT compounds. At a critical electrochemical doping, the SWNT bundles are driven into an “overoxidation” regime, where they are irreversibly oxidized with the formation of C−O covalent bonds, analogous to electrochemical formation of graphite oxides.
Slope analysis of blood volume and calf bioimpedance monitoring in hemodialysis patients (2012)

This study demonstrates that cECV changes faster at the beginning than at the end of HD. A reversal steepness of the cBIS slope in relation to BVM slope is observed at the time when BIS-DW is reached. Therefore, combined analysis of cBIS and BVM aiming at clinical end points may be useful to assess the relationship between plasma refilling and tissue hydration during dialysis.
A versatile and low-cost open source pipetting robot for automation of toxicological and ecotoxicological bioassays (2017)

In the past decades, bioassays and whole-organism bioassay have become important tools not only in compliance testing of industrial chemicals and plant protection products, but also in the monitoring of environmental quality. With few exceptions, such test systems are discontinuous. They require exposure of the biological test material in small units, such as multiwell plates, during prolonged incubation periods, and do not allow online read-outs. It is mostly due to these shortcomings that applications in continuous monitoring of, e.g., drinking or surface water quality are largely missing. We propose the use of pipetting robots that can be used to automatically exchange samples in multiwell plates with fresh samples in a semi-static manner, as a potential solution to overcome these limitations. In this study, we developed a simple and low-cost, versatile pipetting robot constructed partly using open-source hardware that has a small footprint and can be used for online monitoring of water quality by means of an automated whole-organism bioassay. We tested its precision in automated 2-fold dilution series and used it for exposure of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)-a common model species in ecotoxicology-to cadmium chloride and permethrin. We found that, compared to conventional static or semi-static exposure scenarios, effects of the two chemicals in zebrafish embryos generally occurred at lower concentrations, and analytically verified that the increased frequency of media exchange resulted in a greater availability of the chemical. In combination with advanced detection systems this custom-made pipetting robot has the potential to become a valuable tool in future monitoring strategies for drinking and surface water.
Terahertz encoding approach for secured chipless radio frequency identification (2011)

In this article, we present a new family of chipless tags, which permit encoding of digital data in the terahertz domain. These devices consist of stacked dielectric media whose thicknesses are of the same order as terahertz wavelengths. Since the information is encoded in the volume of these multilayer terahertz tags, they can easily be associated with classical identification techniques (e.g., barcode, radio frequency identification), where information is encoded at the surface of the tag, to provide higher data security. The principle of this encoding approach is studied and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. A 2 bit tag prototype has been realized and measured for validation purposes.
The extracellular proteome of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> under secretion stress conditions (2003)

The accumulation of malfolded proteins in the cell envelope of the Gram-positive eubacterium Bacillus subtilis was previously shown to provoke a so-called secretion stress response. In the present studies, proteomic approaches were employed to identify changes in the extracellular proteome of B. subtilis in response to secretion stress. The data shows that, irrespective of the way in which secretion stress is imposed on the cells, the levels of only two extracellular proteins, HtrA and YqxI, display major variations in a parallel manner. Whereas the extracellular level of the HtrA protease is determined through transcriptional regulation, the level of YqxI in the growth medium is determined post-transcriptionally in an HtrA-dependent manner. In the absence of secretion stress, the extracellular levels of HtrA and YqxI are low because of extracytoplasmic proteolysis. Finally, the protease active site of HtrA is dispensable for post-transcriptional YqxI regulation. It is known that Escherichia coli HtrA has combined protease and chaperone-like activities. As this protein shares a high degree of similarity with B. subtilis HtrA, it can be hypothesized that both activities are conserved in B. subtilis HtrA. Thus, a chaperone-like activity of B. subtilis HtrA could be involved in the appearance of YqxI on the extracellular proteome.
Synthesis, Characterization, and High Temperature Stability of <scp> <scp>Si(B)CN</scp> </scp> ‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes Using a Boron‐Modified Poly(ureamethylvinyl)Silazane Chemistry (2012)

Carbon nanotubes ( CNT ) and polymer‐derived ceramics ( PDC s) are of interest due to their unique multifunctional properties. CNT s, however, tend to lose their well‐defined structure and geometry at about 400°C in air. PDC s on the other hand are structureless in X‐ray diffraction but show high chemical and thermal stability in air (up to ~1400°C). Herein, we demonstrate synthesis of a composite nanowire structure consisting of polymer‐derived silicon boron‐carbonitride ( Si–B–C–N ) shell with a multiwalled carbon nanotube core. This was achieved through a novel process involving preparation of a boron‐modified liquid polymeric precursor through a reaction of trimethyl borate and poly (ureamethylvinyl) silazane under normal conditions; followed by conversion of polymer to ceramic on carbon nanotube surfaces through controlled heating. Chemical structure of the polymer was studied by liquid‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR ) while evolution of various ceramic phases was studied by solid‐ NMR , Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction confirm presence of amorphous Si(B)CN coating on individual nanotubes for all specimens processed below 1400°C. Thermogravimetric analysis, followed by R aman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed high temperature stability of the carbon nanotube core in flowing air up to 1000°C.
On the head-discharge relation of a "duckbill" elastomer check valve (2001)

Duckbill-shaped elastomer check valves are often installed on wastewater effluent diffusion systems and stormwater outfalls to prevent baekflow or sea water intrusion. Unlike fixed diameter ports, the jet velocity varies nonlinearly with port discharge flow. A new theory to predict the hydraulic characteristics of a duckbill elastomer check valve (DBV) is presented, and it provides a theoretical basis for the correlation of all DBV hydraulic data. It is shown that a DBV can be considered as a smooth converging nozzle. By modelling the duckbill valve as a two-dimensional rubber membrane, a theory is developed to relate the DBV material properties and flow conditions to the valve deformation. The valve opening area is predicted as a function of the driving pressure head: a linear head-discharge relation is predicted. The predictions are in excellent agreement with ex peri mental data. The derived head-discharge relation can be readily incorporated into a diffuser internal hydraulics code to determine the variation of discharge flow and jet velocity along a multiport diffuser fitted with duckbill check valves.
CCXVI.—The action of aqueous hydrofluoric acid on silica (1930)

W. G. Palmer, J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 1656 DOI: 10.1039/JR9300001656
rCRF: Recursive Belief Estimation over CRFs in RGB-D Activity Videos (2015)

For assistive robots, anticipating the future actions of humans is an essential task. This requires modelling both the evolution of the activities over time and the rich relationships between humans and the objects. Since the future activities of humans are quite ambiguous, robots need to assess all the future possibilities in order to choose an appropriate action. Therefore, a successful anticipation algorithm needs to compute all plausible future activities and their corresponding probabilities.
Stereoregular acyclic polyalcohols and polyacetates from cellulose and amylose (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoregular acyclic polyalcohols and polyacetates from cellulose and amyloseBenito Casu, A. Naggi, G. Torri, G. Allegra, S. V. Meille, A. Cosani, and M. TerbojevichCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 12, 2762–2767Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00154a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00154a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New CeO 2 nanoparticles-based topical formulations for the skin protection against organophosphates (2015)

To reinforce skin protection against organophosphates (OPs), the development of new topical skin protectants (TSP) has received a great interest. Nanoparticles like cerium dioxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) known to adsorb and neutralize OPs are interesting candidates for TSP. However, NPs are difficult to disperse into formulations and they are suspected of toxicological issues. Thus, we want to study: (1) the effect of the addition of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs in formulations for the skin protection (2) the impact of the doping of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs by calcium; (3) the effect of two methods of dispersion of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs: an O/W emulsion or a suspension of a fluorinated thickening polymer (HASE-F) grafted with these NPs. As a screening approach we used silicone membranes as a skin equivalent and Franz diffusion cells for permeation tests. The addition of pure CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs in both formulations permits the penetration to decrease by a 3-4-fold factor. The O/W emulsion allows is the best approach to obtain a film-forming coating with a good reproducibility of the penetration results; whereas the grafting of NPs to a thickener is the best way to obtain an efficient homogenous suspension of CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs with a decreased of toxicological impact but the coating is less film-forming which slightly impacts the reproducibility of the penetration results.
Use of Papain as a Model for the Structure-Based Design of Cathepsin K Inhibitors:  Crystal Structures of Two Papain−Inhibitor Complexes Demonstrate Binding to S‘-Subsites (1998)

Papain has been used as a surrogate enzyme in a drug design effort to obtain potent and selective inhibitors of cathepsin K, a new member of the papain superfamily of cysteine proteases that is selectively and highly expressed in osteoclasts and is implicated in bone resorption. Here we report the crystal structures of two papain-inhibitor complexes and the rational design of novel cathepsin K inhibitors. Unlike previously known crystal structures of papain-inhibitor complexes, our papain structures show ligand binding extending deep within the S'-subsites. The two inhibitor complexes, carbobenzyloxyleucinyl-leucinyl-leucinal and carbobenzyloxy-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl methoxymethyl ketone, were refined to 2.2- and 2.5-A resolution with R-factors of 0.190 and 0. 217, respectively. The S'-subsite interactions with the inhibitors are dominated by an aromatic-aromatic stacking and an oxygen-aromatic ring edge interaction. The knowledge of S'-subsite interactions led to a design strategy for an inhibitor spanning both subsites and yielded a novel, symmetric inhibitor selective for cathepsin K. Simultaneous exploitation of both S- and S'-sites provides a general strategy for the design of cysteine protease inhibitors having high specificity to their target enzymes.
Laser addressed thermo-optic effect in a novel dyed liquid-crystalline polysiloxane (1987)

Abstract Initial experimental evaluation of a novel liquid-crystalline polysiloxane for thermo-optical recording is presented. A versatile system using a single laser source has been used to gather information on the dynamics of laser addressing. To ensure the most stable, highest-contrast pixel the polymer must be heated through its biphasic region and some way into the isotropic phase. It was found that at 60°C using laser pulses of 300μs or less, write-in and selective erasure times were on the submillisecond timescale, and that bulk erasure required 1–2 min. The use of the polymer in an analogue optical store has been demonstrated and an unoptimized sensitivity of 12nJ/μm2 for 632°8 nm light was found at 24°C.
Gravel Packing in an Abnormally Pressured Chalk Reservoirs A Valhall Field Case Study (1990)

Summary Gravel-packing operations in the Valhall field, offshore Norway, are performed under pressure with diesel as the work fluid and with a snubbing unit, because of the sensitivity of the reservoir rock to aqueous completion fluids. The methods used for wellbore preparation, wellbore cleanout, and gravel packing are described. These completion techniques have allowed wellhead pressures to be drawn down to much lower levels than before, resulting in significantly increased production rates.
Amorphous Silicon Thin Films Prepared by Hot Wire Cell Method and Its Application to Solar Cells (2003)

Amorphous Si (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline Si (µc-Si:H) materials were successfully deposited by the Hot Wire Cell method. We have studied these materials from the viewpoint of improving their qualities and the solar cell performances. As a result, it was found that the peak at 2100 cm-1 which originates from Si–H2 bonding in the infrared absorption spectra could be dramatically reduced at a low deposition pressure of 10 mTorr. Furthermore, it was shown by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis that the concentrations of O and C atoms in a-Si:H films could be reduced to the order of 1018 cm-3 at low deposition pressures of 1–10 mTorr. The conversion efficiency of 7.5% was achieved for superstrate-type pin a-Si solar cells with a deposition rate of 0.4 nm/s under AM1.5 insolation.