gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple and economic slide micro-immunoenzymatic (Micro-SIA) test for epidemiological studies of toxoplasmosis (1994)

A slide micro-immunoenzymatic assay (micro-SIA) to detect antibodies to non-particulate Toxoplasma gondii antigens is described. This assay allows the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis infection in about 1 hr. Twenty-four determinations can be performed per slide. Five hundred ng of antigen and 5 or 10 microliters drop of each reactive are necessary per well. The clear contrast of colours obtained for negative and positive sera after the test is finished, allows direct discrimination of the results. However, it is possible to quantify the results of the reaction using a minireader. Sera dilution cutoff value, determined as the most frequent titre for the general population, is 1:100. The toxoplasma micro-SIA correlates well with indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), its sensitivity is at least three times as much as IIF. The test has an intra and inter assay variation coefficient of 5.46% and of 6.24% respectively. Sera obtained at random from argentinian people were analyzed and a 56% of infection was found. The main features of the Toxoplasma micro-SIA are its simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and the virtual absence of background making it very suitable for screening tests.
Structural Characterization of Wheat Straw Lignin as Revealed by Analytical Pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and Reductive Cleavage Methods (2012)

The structure of the lignin in wheat straw has been investigated by a combination of analytical pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). It is a p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl lignin (with an H:G:S ratio of 6:64:30) associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. 2D-NMR indicated that the main substructures present are β-O-4'-ethers (∼~75%), followed by phenylcoumarans (~11%), with lower amounts of other typical units. A major new finding is that the flavone tricin is apparently incorporated into the lignins. NMR and DFRC indicated that the lignin is partially acylated (~10%) at the γ-carbon, predominantly with acetates that preferentially acylate guaiacyl (12%) rather than syringyl (1%) units; in dicots, acetylation is predominantly on syringyl units. p-Coumarate esters were barely detectable (<1%) on monomer conjugates released by selectively cleaving β-ethers in DFRC, indicating that they might be preferentially involved in condensed or terminal structures.
Differentiation of hypothalamic-like neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (2015)

The hypothalamus is the central regulator of systemic energy homeostasis, and its dysfunction can result in extreme body weight alterations. Insights into the complex cellular physiology of this region are critical to the understanding of obesity pathogenesis; however, human hypothalamic cells are largely inaccessible for direct study. Here, we developed a protocol for efficient generation of hypothalamic neurons from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) obtained from patients with monogenetic forms of obesity. Combined early activation of sonic hedgehog signaling followed by timed NOTCH inhibition in human ESCs/iPSCs resulted in efficient conversion into hypothalamic NKX2.1+ precursors. Application of a NOTCH inhibitor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) further directed the cells into arcuate nucleus hypothalamic-like neurons that express hypothalamic neuron markers proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AGRP), somatostatin, and dopamine. These hypothalamic-like neurons accounted for over 90% of differentiated cells and exhibited transcriptional profiles defined by a hypothalamic-specific gene expression signature that lacked pituitary markers. Importantly, these cells displayed hypothalamic neuron characteristics, including production and secretion of neuropeptides and increased p-AKT and p-STAT3 in response to insulin and leptin. Our results suggest that these hypothalamic-like neurons have potential for further investigation of the neurophysiology of body weight regulation and evaluation of therapeutic targets for obesity.
Brd4 modulates the innate immune response through Mnk2–eIF4E pathway-dependent translational control of IκBα (2017)

Bromodomain-containing factor Brd4 has emerged as an important transcriptional regulator of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory gene expression. However, the in vivo physiological function of Brd4 in the inflammatory response remains poorly defined. We now demonstrate that mice deficient for <i>Brd4</i> in myeloid-lineage cells are resistant to LPS-induced sepsis but are more susceptible to bacterial infection. Gene-expression microarray analysis of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) reveals that deletion of <i>Brd4</i> decreases the expression of a significant amount of LPS-induced inflammatory genes while reversing the expression of a small subset of LPS-suppressed genes, including MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (<i>Mknk2</i>). <i>Brd4</i>-deficient BMDMs display enhanced Mnk2 expression and the corresponding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) activation after LPS stimulation, leading to an increased translation of IκBα mRNA in polysomes. The enhanced newly synthesized IκBα reduced the binding of NF-κB to the promoters of inflammatory genes, resulting in reduced inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production. By modulating the translation of IκBα via the Mnk2-eIF4E pathway, Brd4 provides an additional layer of control for NF-κB-dependent inflammatory gene expression and inflammatory response.
Transmission Characteristics of Fabry-Perot Interferometers and a Related Electrooptic Modulator (1965)

The effects of various types of imperfections on the transmission characteristics of a Fabry-Perot interferometer have been investigated experimentally. It was found that for light from a laser source, incident normally on an interferometer whose plates have a reflectivity in the neighborhood of 90%, angular misalignments as small as λ/25 could seriously degrade the peak value and half-width of the transmission curve. When an electrooptic crystal was added to make the interferometer function as a modulator, a further deterioration of performance was observed. The results were compared with theoretically derived transmission functions and found to be in satisfactory agreement.
Application-level QoS control for video-on-demand (2003)

User requirements and device heterogeneity call for Web services with differentiated quality of service (QoS). In particular, services with response-time constraints, such as video-on-demand (VoD), require the differentiation, control, and dynamic adaptation of QoS. Service providers and network operators need methodologies and mechanisms for managing runtime QoS. Using mobile agent technology, the ubiQoS middleware supports QoS tailoring and adaptation of video-on-demand flows in response to user preferences and terminal properties. The design, implementation, and deployment of QoS-aware Internet services can significantly benefit from a middleware approach at the application level. Our experimental results show the feasibility of application-level middleware solutions based on code mobility for Internet VoD services with differentiated QoS.
Error probability for reduced-state sequence estimation (2002)

A union bound on the error probability for ideal RSSE (reduced-state sequence estimation) is used to approximate the error probability of RSSE. A method based on a stack algorithm and a subset-error state diagram is proposed for obtaining the union bound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of peristylane and the acs-(Cs)-C14-tetraquinane, C14-pentaquinane, and norperistylane systems (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of peristylane and the acs-(Cs)-C14-tetraquinane, C14-pentaquinane, and norperistylane systemsPhilip E. Eaton, Richard H. Mueller, Glenn R. Carlson, David A. Cullison, Gary F. Cooper, Teh-Chang Chou, and Ernst Peter KrebsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 8, 2751–2767Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00450a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00450a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel paired starter culture system for sauerkraut, consisting of a nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain and a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain (1992)

Nisin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCK293 and nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCK401 were evaluated separately and in combination for growth and nisin production in a model sauerkraut fermentation. Strains were genetically marked and selectively enumerated by using antibiotic-containing media. The growth and survival of L. mesenteroides were similar in the presence and absence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was not inhibited, although the maximum cell density was reduced and the population decline was more pronounced in the presence of L. mesenteroides. Nisin was detected within 24 h, and levels were relatively constant over the 12-day test period. The maximum cell populations and nisin level achieved could be altered by changing the initial cell ratios of L. mesenteroides and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Isogenic nisin-producing and nisin-negative Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis derivatives were used in combination with nisin-resistant L. mesenteroides to demonstrate that nisin levels produced in mixed culture were sufficient to retard the onset of the growth of nisin-sensitive, homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917.
Isolation of Functionalized Phenolic Monomers through Selective Oxidation and CO Bond Cleavage of the β‐O‐4 Linkages in Lignin (2014)

Functionalized phenolic monomers have been generated and isolated from an organosolv lignin through a two-step depolymerization process. Chemoselective catalytic oxidation of β-O-4 linkages promoted by the DDQ/tBuONO/O2 system was achieved in model compounds, including polymeric models and in real lignin. The oxidized β-O-4 linkages were then cleaved on reaction with zinc. Compared to many existing methods, this protocol, which can be achieved in one pot, is highly selective, giving rise to a simple mixture of products that can be readily purified to give pure compounds. The functionality present in these products makes them potentially valuable building blocks.
Are We There Yet? On RPKI's Deployment and Security. (2016)

The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) binds IP address blocks to owners public keys. RPKI enables routers to perform Route Origin Validation (ROV), thus preventing devastating attacks such as IP prefix hijacking. Yet, despite extensive effort, RPKIs deployment is frustratingly sluggish, leaving the Internet largely insecure. We tackle fundamental questions regarding todays RPKIs deployment and security: What is the adoption status of RPKI and ROV? What are the implications for global security of partial adoption? What are the root-causes for slow adoption? How can deployment be pushed forward? We address these questions through a combination of empirical analyses, a survey of over 100 network practitioners, and extensive simulations. Our main contributions include the following .We present the first study measuring ROV enforcement, revealing disappointingly low adoption at the core of the Internet. We show, in contrast, that without almost ubiquitous ROV adoption by large ISPs significant security benefits cannot be attained. We next expose a critical security vulnerability: about a third of RPKI authorizations issued for IP prefixes do not protect the prefix from hijacking attacks. We examine potential reasons for scarce adoption of RPKI and ROV, including human error in issuing RPKI certificates and inter-organization dependencies, and present recommendations for addressing these challenges.
Integrin Subunit Gene Expression Is Regionally Differentiated in Adult Brain (1999)

Integrins are a diverse family of heterodimeric (alphabeta) adhesion receptors recently shown to be concentrated within synapses and involved in the consolidation of long-term potentiation. Whether neuronal types or anatomical systems in the adult rat brain are coded by integrin type was studied in the present experiments by mapping the relative densities of mRNAs for nine alpha and four beta subunits. Expression patterns were markedly different and in some regions complementary. General results and areas of notable labeling were as follows: alpha1-limited neuronal expression, neocortical layer V, hippocampal CA3; alpha3 and alpha5-diffuse neuronal and glial labeling, Purkinje cells, hippocampal stratum pyramidale, locus coeruleus (alpha3); alpha4- discrete limbic regions, olfactory cortical layer II, hippocampal CA2; alpha6-most prominently neuronal, neocortical subplate, endopiriform, subiculum; alpha7-discrete, all neocortical layers, hippocampal granule cells and CA3, cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells, all efferent cranial nerve nuclei; alpha8-discrete neuronal, deep cortex, hippocampal CA1, basolateral amygdala, striatum; alphaV-all cortical layers, striatum, Purkinje cells; beta4-dentate gyrus granule cells; beta5-broadly distributed, neocortex, medial amygdala, cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells, efferent cranial nerve nuclei; alpha2, beta2, and beta3-mRNAs not detected. These results establish that brain subfields express different balances of integrin subunits and thus different integrin receptors. Such variations will determine which matrix proteins are recognized by neurons and the types of intraneuronal signaling generated by matrix binding. They also could generate important differences in synaptic plasticity across brain systems.
Fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout for large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (2009)

Microwave kinetic inductance detectors have great potential for large, very sensitive detector arrays for use in, for example, submillimeter imaging. Being intrinsically readout in the frequency domain, they are particularly suited for frequency domain multiplexing allowing ∼1000 s of devices to be readout with one pair of coaxial cables. However, this moves the complexity of the detector from the cryogenics to the warm electronics. We present here the concept and experimental demonstration of the use of fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout, showing no deterioration of the noise performance compared to the low noise analog mixing while allowing high multiplexing ratios.
A atualização do conceito de quilombo: identidade e território nas definições teóricas (2002)

O presente artigo trata das novas definições sobre comunidades de quilombo, elaboradas a partir da necessidade de reconhecimento oficial destas para que lhes seja assegurado o direito constitucional de propriedade sobre suas terras. Discute-se aqui o abandono de uma visão cristalizada pela historiografia clássica baseada no isolamento dos quilombos, bem como de sua formação única por meio das fugas, em prol de um conceito ampliado que alça o território e a identidade - especialmente ligados à resistência - à condição de elementos fundamentais na determinação destes agrupamentos sociais denominados remanescentes de quilombo.
Stimulation of vascular glycosaminoglycan synthesis by subpressor angiotensin II in rats. (1994)

The vascular trophic effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) in small doses may precede its hypertension-producing effect, and de novo synthesis of components of extracellular matrix may be a requirement for Ang II-stimulated growth. In the present study, therefore, the incorporation of 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans (synthesis) of aorta and bladder wall of young adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats was measured ex vivo after 48 hours of Ang II administration at two dose levels, 100 and 200 ng.kg-1.min-1 IP. Vehicle-infused rats served as controls. Compared with controls, systolic blood pressure was unchanged in rats receiving 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 Ang II and rose by 13 mm Hg (P < .05) in rats receiving the 200-ng.kg-1.min-1 dose. In Ang II-treated rats, glycosaminoglycan synthesis of the aorta was increased by 20% (P < .05) and 52% (P < .005) at the two dose levels, respectively. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis of bladder smooth muscle was also increased in Ang II-treated rats (P < .01), but the response was not dose dependent. By 7 to 10 days of Ang II administration (200 ng.kg-1.min-1), glycosaminoglycan synthesis of aorta returned toward baseline (P < .10, > .05). The rate of synthesis of subtypes of glycosaminoglycans in the aorta was proportionately increased by Ang II. The early occurrence, magnitude, and arterial pressure independence of Ang II-induced glycosaminoglycan synthesis suggest that restructuring of extracellular matrix may play an important role in both the trophic and hypertension-producing action of Ang II.
Single Organic Molecules Designed as Nanoscale Connectors: Fullerene Isoxazoline Derivatives (2004)

Recently a fullerene isoxazoline was reported as an example for nanoscale connectors in molecular electronic devices. The construction of nanoscale devices is a potentially important area of technology. By using the semiempirical PM3 calculation, we optimized the structures for two fullerene isoxazoline derivatives and thirteen regioisomers of the second addition of a nitride oxide to a fullerene isoxazoline derivative. Our results suggest that fullerene isoxazoline derivatives could be used as nanoscale connectors with the possibility of attaching of spacer units in a specific angle arrangement.
Jamming user interfaces (2012)

Malleable and organic user interfaces have the potential to enable radically new forms of interactions and expressiveness through flexible, free-form and computationally controlled shapes and displays. This work, specifically focuses on particle jamming as a simple, effective method for flexible, shape-changing user interfaces where programmatic control of material stiffness enables haptic feedback, deformation, tunable affordances and control gain. We introduce a compact, low-power pneumatic jamming system suitable for mobile devices, and a new hydraulic-based technique with fast, silent actuation and optical shape sensing. We enable jamming structures to sense input and function as interaction devices through two contributed methods for high-resolution shape sensing using: 1) index-matched particles and fluids, and 2) capacitive and electric field sensing. We explore the design space of malleable and organic user interfaces enabled by jamming through four motivational prototypes that highlight jamming's potential in HCI, including applications for tabletops, tablets and for portable shape-changing mobile devices.
Identifying and Controlling Stray Reads at RFID Gates (2012)

A modern UHF RFID system can reach a read range of over ten meters. Long read range and difficulties to create uniform interrogation zone lead to stray reads.\nInterrogation zone can be adjusted by controlling the transmit power of RFID reader, selecting antennas and RFID tags carefully for the purpose, and with different signal quality validation methods. It is common that industry processes prevent using optimal RFID tag size and location for best read reliability. In these situations reader transmit power is increased to gain better read reliability. This extends the interrogation zone over the designed and leads to stray reads.\nAt UHF band the interrogation zone is not sharp edged. This is due to orientation differences between tags, tag to tag differences, multipathing and interference caused by multipathing.\nIn this thesis, different methods to identify RFID-tags moving along specified routes in the far field on the specific interrogation zone and discard other read events as stray events, are studied. Algorithm to detect lay around tags is proposed.
Sodium transport across erythrocyte membranes in diabetes mellitus. (1986)

The activity of the erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na/K ATPase pump was studied in 20 Type 1 diabetics, 15 Type 2 diabetics and 20 healthy controls. All diabetics were normotensive, caucasian and non-obese diabetics. The diabetics were assessed for retinopathy and had HbA1 estimated. The erythrocyte sodium concentration, membrane permeability to sodium and ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux rate constant (ERCos) were determined. The Type 1 diabetics had a significantly reduced ERC, mean +/- SD 0.198 +/- 0.028 hr-1 vs control 0.264 +/- 0.054 hr-1 (p less than 0.001). A similar reduction in ERCos was seen in the Type 2 diabetics when compared to controls (0.229 +/- 0.059 hr-1 p less than 0.005). There was also a significant difference between the 2 groups of diabetics (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in intracellular sodium concentrations. Membrane permeability was reduced in the Type 1 diabetics (3.69 +/- 0.79 mmol/kg dry wt/hr) compared to the control group (4.56 +/- 0.79 mmol/kg dry wt/hr, p less than 0.01). Diabetic control (HbA1) was positively correlated with ERCos, but no significant differences were seen in the ERCos between complicated and uncomplicated Type 1 diabetics. In vitro studies of normal erythrocytes did not show an effect on pump activity of increasing glucose or insulin concentration during a preincubation study. These results demonstrate that there is a reduction in activity of the ouabain-sensitive Na/K ATPase pump and a reduction in membrane permeability on the diabetic erythrocyte which is most marked in Type 1 diabetics.