gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of PLA nanocomposites containing nanosilica modified with different organosilanes II: Effect of the organosilanes on the properties of nanocomposites: Thermal characterization (2012)

Abstract Thermal behavior of polylactic acid (PLA)/nanosilica nanocomposites prepared via bulk ring opening polymerization from lactide was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both unmodified nanosilica and modified by surface treatments with different amounts of two distinct silanes were used. Samples containing pure silica show enhanced crystallization processes; with silane‐modified silica this effect is magnified, especially in the case of materials with high loadings of epoxy silane. Nonisothermal crystallization temperatures become higher and isothermal crystallization kinetics show a marked increase of Kinetic constant ( K c ). TGA analyses show that, when pure nanosilica is present, nanocomposites have a thermal stability far greater than the one of standard PLA, starting their degradation at temperatures up to 70°C higher than the ones of pure PLA. When silanes are present, thermal stability lowers as silane content increases, but it is anyway higher than the one of the pure polymer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
X-ray-induced electron emission from metals (1975)

Energy and angular distributions of electrons (energies greater than 5 keV) emitted from metals irradiated by photons in the x-ray energy range were measured with a lithium-drifted silicon detector. The data presented here characterize electron emission distributions for normal photon incidence. They provide a systematic set of absolute distributions for quantitative comparisons to theoretical treatments of the combined photon and electron transport process. X-ray bremsstrahlung spectra with mean photon energies of 30 and 54 keV were used to induce electron emission from aluminum, copper, silver, and tantalum. Angular distributions for the higher-Z materials are found to be nearly cosine distributions in both the forward and backward emission directions, while the distributions for lower-Z materials deviate from a cosine distribution, tending to be more isotropic. Energy distributions are observed to change very little as a function of emission angle. Energy and angular distributions calculated by Monte Carlo and analytic techniques show good correlation with the measured distributions. Calculated forward and back (2π) emission efficiencies agree with experimental values within the uncertainties of these quantities (±15 to 20%). The generally good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results establishes the validity of the present techniques for calculating high-energy (greater than 5 keV) x-ray-induced electron emission from metals.
An 8F/sup 2/ MRAM technology using modified metal lines (2004)

A novel 8F/sup 2/ cell structure for high density magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and its operating characteristics are proposed. In this new scheme, we formed bottom electrode contact (BEC) through twin metal lines (MLs) and a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) was located just on the BEC for the reduction of cell size. From the results of simulation and experiment, we have confirmed that the generated magnetic field in the new scheme is more uniform than that in the conventional scheme with a negligible reduction of writing field strength. We adopted a self-aligned BEC process to prevent electrical shorting between ML and BEC. To avoid electrical shorting and improve the magnetic properties of MTJs, a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was adopted before MTJ deposition. As a result, we confirmed the feasibility of high-density 1T1MTJ MRAM, composed of 8F/sup 2/ cells with optimal MTJ characteristics.
Light force cooling, focusing, and nanometer-scale deposition of aluminum atoms (1995)

We deposited neutral-aluminum atoms in thin parallel lines to form a grating with a line separation of 154.7 nm by using near-resonant laser light and direct-write optical lithography techniques. We did this by using the single-frequency closed UV transition from the second ground state 3p2P3/2 (F = 4) to 3d2D5/2 (F = 5) at 309.4 nm. The aluminum features were analyzed with an atomic-force microscope.
Cyclin D1 Represses STAT3 Activation through a Cdk4-independent Mechanism (2001)

STAT3 transcription factors are cytoplasmic proteins that induce gene activation in response to cytokine receptor stimulation. Following tyrosine phosphorylation, STAT3 proteins dimerize, translocate into the nucleus, and activate specific target genes. Activation is transient, and down-regulation of STAT3 signaling occurs within a few hours. In this study, we show that cyclin D1 inhibits STAT3 activation. In co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, cyclin D1 was found to associate with the activation domain of STAT3 upon interleukin-6 stimulation. Overexpression of cyclin D1 inhibited transcriptional activation by STAT3 proteins. This effect was not shared by cyclin E, was independent of association with Cdk4, and was unaffected by inhibitors of Cdk4. Whereas cyclin D1 had no effect on the steady-state level of STAT3 proteins in the cytoplasm, it was found to reduce the STAT3 nuclear level in HepG2 cells. These results suggest a model by which cyclin D1 is part of a feedback network controlling the down-regulation of STAT3 activity and highlight a new activity for this cell cycle regulatory protein.
Replication and resolution of cloned poxvirus telomeres in vivo generates linear minichromosomes with intact viral hairpin termini (1986)

The covalently closed terminal hairpins of the linear duplex-DNA genomes of the orthopoxvirus vaccinia and the leporipoxvirus Shope fibroma virus (SFV) have been cloned as imperfect palindromes within circular plasmids in yeast cells and recombination-deficient Escherichia coli. The viral telomeres inserted within these recombinant plasmids are equivalent to the inverted-repeat structures detected as telomeric replicative intermediates during poxvirus replication in vivo. Although the telomeres of vaccinia and SFV show little sequence homology, the termini from both viral genomes exist as AT-rich terminal hairpins with extrahelical bases and alternate "flip-flop" configurations. Using an in vivo replication assay in which circular plasmid DNA was transfected into poxvirus-infected cells, we demonstrated the efficient replication and resolution of the cloned imperfect palindromes to bona fide hairpin termini. The resulting linear minichromosomes, which were readily purified from transfected cells, were shown by restriction enzyme mapping and by electron microscopy to have intact covalently closed hairpin termini at both ends. In addition, staggered unidirectional deletion derivatives of both the cloned vaccinia and SFV telomeric palindromes localized an approximately 200-base-pair DNA region in which the sequence organization was highly conserved and which was necessary for the resolution event. These data suggest a conserved mechanism of the resolution of poxvirus telomeres.
Hexagonal wavelet representations for recognizing complex annotations (1994)

This paper describes a method of pattern recognition targeted for recognizing complex annotations found in paper documents. Our investigation is motivated by the high reliability required for accomplishing autonomous interpretation of maps and engineering drawings. Our approach includes a strategy based on multiscale representations obtained by hexagonal wavelet analysis. A feasibility study is described in which more than 10,000 patterns were recognized with an error rate of 2.06% by a neural network trained using multiscale representations from a class of 52 distinct patterns. We observed a 21-fold reduction in the amount of information needed to represent each pattern for recognition. These results suggest that high reliability is possible at a reduced cost of representation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Assessment of the Current WAAS Ionospheric Correction Algorithm in the South American Region (2002)

The Federal Aviation Administrations (FAA) Wide Area 
Augmentation System (WAAS) for civil aircraft 
navigation is focused primarily on the Conterminous 
United States (CONUS). The ionospheric correction 
algorithms for WAAS have been characterized 
extensively for this mid-latitude region of the ionosphere 
where benign conditions usually exist. Researchers are 
facing a more formidable challenge in addressing the 
ionospheric impact on navigation using Satellite-Based 
Augmentation Systems (SBAS) in other parts of the world 
such as the South American region. At equatorial 
latitudes, geophysical conditions lead to the so-called 
Appleton-Hartree (equatorial) anomaly phenomenon, 
which results in significantly larger ionospheric range 
delays and range delay spatial gradients than is observed 
in the CONUS region. 
In this paper, we use data from the South American region 
to perform a preliminary quantitative assessment of the 
performance of WAAS correction algorithms in this 
region. For this study, we accessed a world-wide network 
of 230 dual-frequency GPS receivers. The network 
includes: 1) the Continuously Operating Reference Sites 
(CORS) in the United States; 2) stations in and near South 
America as part of the Brazilian Network of Continuous 
Monitoring of GPS (RBMC), operated by the Brazilian 
Institute of Geography and Statistics (IGBE); and (3) sites 
included in the International GPS Service (IGS) global 
network. Data sets have been selected to include both a 
quiet and geomagnetically disturbed day. To provide 
ground-truth and calibrate GPS receiver and transmitter 
inter-frequency biases, we processed the GPS data using 
Global Ionospheric Mapping (GIM) software developed 
at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory to compute 
calibrated high resolution observations of ionospheric 
total electron content (TEC). 
We assessed the WAASs planar fit algorithm in the 
equatorial region where the spatial gradients and the 
absolute slant TEC are known to be the highest in the 
world. We found that in Brazil the dominant error source 
for the WAAS planar fit algorithm is the inherent spatial 
variability of the equatorial ionosphere with ionospheric 
slant range delay residuals as high as 15 meters and root-
mean square residuals for the quiet day of 1.9 meters. This 
compares to a maximum residual of 2 meters in CONUS, 
and 0.5 meter RMS. We revealed that ionospheric 
gradients in Brazil are at the 2 meter over 100 km level. 
Contrary to results obtained for CONUS, we discovered 
that a major ionospheric storm had a small impact on the 
planar fit residuals in Brazil.
지역간 산업연관모형 (IRIO)을 이용한 메가스포츠이벤트의 지역경제 파급효과 분석 -``2010춘천 월드레저총회 및 경기대``회를 중심으로- (2012)

This study is purposed to analyze the economic impact of the Mega Sports event on the region by means of the Inter Regional Input Output Analysis in these viewpoints. As a method of study, the tourism industry was re-classified into wholesale and retail business, food business, accommodation and culture amusement service in two inter regional industry relation tables composed of Gangwon-do and Non Gangwon-do, and the economic impact distributed to the district owing to the holding of the ``2010 Chuncheon World Leisure Congress and Leisure Games`` was analyzed by deriving the tourism multiplier, When the economic impact distributed directly and indirectly to the economy of Chunchoen was analyzed, about 45.38 billion Won of production induced effect, about 24.01 billion Won of added value induced, about 8.62 billion Won of income induced effect and about 1,010 employment induced effect had been appeared.
Impact of flanking chromosomal sequences on localization and silencing by the human non-coding RNA XIST (2015)

The non-coding RNA XIST functions as a cis-acting silencer when expressed from nine different locations throughout the genome. A hierarchy among the features of heterochromatin reveals the importance of interaction with the local chromatin neighborhood for optimal spread of silencing, as well as the independent yet cooperative nature of the establishment of heterochromatin by the non-coding XIST RNA.
Structural Design Optimization Status and Direction (1999)

This paper discusses the use of optimization techniques for structural design. This discussion begins with a brief historical review of this technology from the initial concept to modern approximation techniques. The present state of the art is reviewed and some examples are offered to demonstrate the state of the art. Finally, future needs are addressed to indicate some of the challenges that lie ahead. It is concluded that the state of the art is now reasonably well refined. The challenge now is to assimilate this technology into the practicing design environment.
Structural Basis of Wee Kinases Functionality and Inactivation by Diverse Small Molecule Inhibitors (2017)

Members of the Wee family of kinases negatively regulate the cell cycle via phosphorylation of CDK1 and are considered potential drug targets. Herein, we investigated the structure-function relationship of human Wee1, Wee2, and Myt1 (PKMYT1). Purified recombinant full-length proteins and kinase domain constructs differed substantially in phosphorylation states and catalytic competency, suggesting complex mechanisms of activation. A series of crystal structures reveal unique features that distinguish Wee1 and Wee2 from Myt1 and establish the structural basis of differential inhibition by the widely used Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775. Kinome profiling and cellular studies demonstrate that, in addition to Wee1 and Wee2, MK-1775 is an equally potent inhibitor of the polo-like kinase PLK1. Several previously unrecognized inhibitors of Wee kinases were discovered and characterized. Combined, the data provide a comprehensive view on the catalytic and structural properties of Wee kinases and a framework for the rational design of novel inhibitors thereof.
Switched-capacitor pre-processor for speech processing using SC CIC filter (2003)

A switched-capacitor (SC) preprocessing system is proposed for analog speech processing. The preprocessor extracts the time transition pattern of the local peaks of the speech spectrum and emphasizes the peaks in real-time. A switched-capacitor cascaded integrated-comb (CIC) filter is proposed as one of the construction blocks of the preprocessor. The architecture of the preprocessor is described, and the details of some of the construction blocks are given. Local peak extraction filtering using SC CIC filters is proposed. The filter emphasizes the local peak pattern of the spectrum in the direction of the channel of the bandpass filter bank (frequency domain) and smoothes its transition pattern in the time domain. The SC CIC filter design technique is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-Convex Priors In Bayesian Compressed Sensing (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
Experimental Phage Therapy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Mice (2007)

The present study describes a bacteriophage (M(Sa)) active against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains. When inoculated into mice simultaneously with S. aureus A170 (10(8) CFU/mouse), phage (10(9) PFU) rescued 97% of the mice; when applied to nonlethal (5 x 10(6) CFU/mouse) 10-day infections, the phage also fully cleared the bacteria. The phage M(Sa), delivered inside macrophages by S. aureus, kills the intracellular staphylococci in vivo and in vitro. The phage can also prevent abscess formation and reduce the bacterial load and weight of abscesses. These results suggest a potential use of the phage for the control of both local and systemic human S. aureus infections.
Distribution of X-Band High Resolution and High Grazing Angle Sea Clutter (2006)

This report studies the spatial distribution of X-band, high resolution and high grazing angle polarimetric sea clutter data. The K distribution usually provides a good fit for the distribution of the VV polarised data. The HH polarised data is spikiest and its distribution exhibits a sudden departure from the K distribution in the tail region, which usually requires the KA or the similar distributions to achieve a better fit in the tail region. Due to drawbacks of the KA distribution, this report proposes the KK and WW distribution models to fit the distribution of sea clutter with spikes. It is found that the KK distribution provides overall the best fit. Distributions of the sum of K and Weibull distributed samples are also presented.
Optimal Inputs for Phase Models of Spiking Neurons (2006)

Abstract Variational methods are used to determine the optimal currents that elicit spikes in various phase reductions of neural oscillator models. We show that, for a given reduced neuron model and target spike time, there is a unique current that minimizes a square-integral measure of its amplitude. For intrinsically oscillatory models, we further demonstrate that the form and scaling of this current is determined by the model’s phase response curve. These results reflect the role of intrinsic neural dynamics in determining the time course of synaptic inputs to which a neuron is optimally tuned to respond, and are illustrated using phase reductions of neural models valid near typical bifurcations to periodic firing, as well as the Hodgkin-Huxley equations.
Analysis of the role of 7 kDa cold-shock proteins of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 in cryoprotection (1999)

Low-temperature adaptation and cryoprotection were studied in the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis MG1363. An approximately 100-fold increased survival after freezing was observed when cells were shocked to 10 degrees C for 4 h compared to mid-exponential-phase cells grown at 30 degrees C, indicating an active protection against freezing. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis a group of 7 kDa cold-induced proteins (CSPs) was identified that corresponds to a previously described family of csp genes of L. lactis MG1363 (Wouters et al., 1998, Microbiology 144, 2885-2893). The 7 kDa CSPs appeared to be the most strongly induced proteins upon cold shock to 10 degrees C. Northern blotting and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the csp genes were maximally expressed at 10 degrees C, while induction was lower at 20 and 4 degrees C. However, pre-incubation at 20 and 4 degrees C, as well as stationary-phase conditions, also induced cryoprotection (approx. 30-, 130- and 20-fold, respectively, compared to 30 degrees C mid-exponential phase). For all treatments leading to an increased freeze survival (exposure to 4, 10 and 20 degrees C and stationary-phase conditions), increased levels of three proteins (26, 43 and 45 kDa) were observed for which a role in cryoprotection might be suggested. Increased freeze survival coincides with increased CSP expression, except for stationary-phase conditions. However, the level of observed freeze protection does not directly correlate with the csp gene expression levels. In addition, for the first time specific overproduction of a CSP in relation to freeze survival was studied. This revealed that L. lactis cells overproducing CspD at 30 degrees C show a 2-10-fold increased survival after freezing compared to control cells. This indicates that the 7 kDa cold-shock protein CspD may enhance the survival capacity after freezing but that other factors supply additional cryoprotection.
Fusing Direct Visibility Diagram with Clothoid Curves for Motion Planning (2019)

Autonomous driving technology improves the vehicles' usage in terms of minimizing the consumed energy, time and distance. Motion planning, as the main influencer of the moving efficiency of an autonomous agent, defines how the vehicle moves and interacts with other agents. Despite the fact that motion planning for autonomous robots is a well-explored field, optimizing the path planning in terms of the computation time and path length is still a topic under research. This paper introduces an innovative approach of using the Visibility Diagram to plan the optimum holonomic path to the desired target position and at a subsequent step we propose an innovative scheme of regularizing, the path shape through using Clothoid curves as path smoother to provide the optimum non-holonomic path to the same target position. The proposed methodology has been proven to reduce the computation time of finding the shortest holonomic path by a factor of sixty percent (60%) in comparison to the normal Visibility Diagram (VD). This method was implemented in several use-cases and could efficiently plan the optimum path for all the provided scenarios.
Experimental study on different combination schedules of VEGF-receptor inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 and fractionated irradiation. (2004)

Combined with fractionated irradiation, only adjuvant application of PTK787/ZK222584 retarded regrowth of UT-SCC-14 and FaDu tumors. The data suggest that preirradiated vasculature might be more sensitive to VEGFR inhibition compared to unirradiated vasculature. Whether the effect of adjuvant VEGFR inhibition on growth delay translates into improved local tumor control after irradiation needs further investigation.
Surface-Confined Monomers on Electrode Surfaces. 1. Electrochemical and Microscopic Characterization of .omega.-(N-Pyrrolyl)alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au (1995)

The synthesis of various ω-(N-pyrrolyl)alkanethiols and electrochemical characterization of the resulting monolayers on Au is described. Cyclic voltammograms of the monolayers on Au in BU4NCIO4/CH3CN display an irreversible wave at +1.00 V vs SSCE due to oxidation of pyrrole sites in the monolayer. There is no voltammetric evidence for polymerization of the surface-confined pyrrole units when the potential is scanned between 0 and +1.3 V in BU4NCIO4/CH3CN. Poly(pyrrole) films deposited on w-(N-pyrrolyl)-alkanethiol/Au surfaces are extremely adherent and smooth. Scanning electron micrographs of the polymers show that the films are composed of nuclei 80-100 nm in diameter. The differences between poly(pyrrole) formed on modified and unmodified Au are discussed. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Prognostic Value of Serum Concentration of Heart-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Relative to Cardiac Troponin T on Admission in the Early Hours of Acute Coronary Syndrome (2005)

Serum H-FABP is a potential independent predictor of cardiac events within 6 months of patient admission and may provide prognostic information superior to cTnT in the early hours of ACS.
Solid-state detector design for mobile cargo container inspection system using medium energy X-ray (2003)

X-ray inspection system in these days has been used for the detection of illegal drugs, agricultural product and other contraband in custom application, and for the detection of weapons and explosives in security application. This paper presents how to design and realize mobile cargo container inspection system using medium energy, 450kVp X-ray, which is appropriate for Korean circumstance. Particularly, X-ray detector design is treated relatively in detail, since there are few papers on X-ray detector design for rapid and nonintrusive container inspection system. The spatial and contrast resolution of mobile cargo container inspection system developed in this paper are 2.0mm and 4%, respectively. The design method suggested in this paper may be applied to X-ray inspection system using higher energy.