gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curve segmentation and representation by superellipses (1995)

A method of segmenting curves into series of superelliptical arcs is presented. A superellipse is the 2-dimensional form of the superquadratic and can describe circles, ellipses, crosses, parallelograms and rounded rectangles with the same number of parameters. The superellipses are fitted using Powell's technique to minimise an appropriate error metric. A tree is used to represent a number of interpretations and the concept of significance used to choose the most perceptually correct description. Results show that perceptually good features are chosen to represent the various shapes that occur in images.
Cell cycle effects of gemcitabine (2001)

Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, or dFdC) is a promising anticancer agent with demonstrated clinical activity in solid tumours currently undergoing clinical trials. Despite extensive studies on the biochemical mechanism of action, cell cycle perturbations induced by dFdC have not yet been thoroughly investigated, apart from the expected inhibition of DNA synthesis. The aim of our study was to clarify whether cell population kinetics is a vital factor in the cytotoxicity of dFdC in single or repeated treatments and in the dFdC-cisplatin combination. Ovarian cancer cells growing in vitro were treated with dFdC for 1 hr in a range of concentrations from 10 nM to 10 microM. Cell kinetics was investigated by DNA-bromodeoxyuridine flow cytometry, using different experimental protocols to measure either the time course of DNA-synthesis inhibition or the fate of cells in G(1), S or G(2)M at the time of dFdC treatment or 24 hr later. A modified sulforhodamine B test was used to assess the growth inhibition caused by dFdC given alone or with cisplatin. Although dFdC promptly inhibited DNA synthesis, cytotoxicity on proliferating cells was not specific for cells initially in the S phase. DNA synthesis was restored after a G(1) block of variable, dose-dependent length, but recycling cells were intercepted at the subsequent checkpoints, resulting in delays in the G(2)M and G(1) phases. The activity of repeated treatment with dFdC + dFdC or dFdC + cisplatin was highly dependent on the interval length between them. These results suggest that the kinetics of cell recycling from a first dFdC treatment strongly affects the outcome of a second treatment with either dFdC itself or cisplatin.
Morphological and physiological factors affecting oxygen uptake and release by red blood cells. (1984)

The kinetics of oxygen uptake and release by human, salamander (Amphiuma means), and artificially constructed red cells were measured under a variety of physiological conditions using stopped-flow, rapid mixing techniques. The results were analyzed quantitatively using the generalized, three-dimensional disc model that was developed in two previous publications (Vandegriff, K. D., and Olson, J. S. (1984) Biophys. J. 45, 825-835 and Vandegriff, K. D., and Olson, J. S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12609-12618). The apparent rate of gas exchange is governed primarily by the oxygen flux at the red cell surface. In the case of uptake, this flux is roughly independent of intracellular chemical reaction parameters and inversely proportional to the thickness of the unstirred solvent layer which is adjacent to the red cell surface. For release experiments in the presence of high concentrations of sodium dithionite, the flux at the cell surface is inversely proportional to the oxygen affinity of the intracellular hemoglobin and roughly independent of the thickness of the external unstirred solvent layer. As a result, the effects of cell size, internal heme concentration, and pH are expressed differently in the two types of kinetic experiments. The rate of oxygen uptake depends on roughly the second power of the surface area to volume ratio of the erythrocyte, whereas the rate of release is much less dependent on the size and shape of the red cell. The half-time of oxygen uptake is directly proportional to intracellular heme concentration for cells of equivalent geometries; the half-time of oxygen release is linearly dependent on internal heme concentration but, at low heme concentrations, is determined primarily by the rate of oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin. The rate of cellular oxygenation is roughly independent of pH and internal 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration; in contrast, the rate of deoxygenation depends markedly on these conditions. As the pH is lowered or the internal diphosphoglycerate concentration is raised, the overall oxygen affinity of the cell suspension decreases severalfold, and the rate of oxygen release increases by roughly the same extent.
Automated Self-Assembly of Large Maritime Structures by a Team of Robotic Boats (2015)

We present the methodology, algorithms, system design, and experiments addressing the self-assembly of large teams of autonomous robotic boats into floating platforms. Identical self-propelled robotic boats autonomously dock together and form connected structures with controllable variable stiffness. These structures can self-reconfigure into arbitrary shapes limited only by the number of rectangular elements assembled in brick-like patterns. An O(m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) complexity algorithm automatically generates assembly plans which maximize opportunities for parallelism while constructing operator-specified target configurations with m components. The system further features an O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) complexity algorithm for the concurrent assignment and planning of trajectories from n free robots to the growing structure. Such peer-to-peer assembly among modular robots compares favorably to a single active element assembling passive components in terms of both construction rate and potential robustness through redundancy. We describe hardware and software techniques to facilitate reliable docking of elements in the presence of estimation and actuation errors, and we consider how these local variable stiffness connections may be used to control the structural properties of the larger assembly. Assembly experiments validate these ideas in a fleet of 0.5 m long modular robotic boats with onboard thrusters, active connectors, and embedded computers.
High Speed Tracking of Moving Objects and Depth Estimation by using Smart Image Sensor and FPGA (2003)

We have been investigating an integration of sensing and compression in an image sensor. A compression Sensor reduces the number of pixels in the image signal that have to be read out from the sensor, We present a real-time object tracking system by using a compression sensor that has 128×128 pixels and FPGA, By using this system. several moving objects can be extracted and tracked independently at 1200 frames/second. We also describe real-time depth estimation by using a binocular compression sensor. We show some results obtained by the system.
Reactions in double emulsions by flow-controlled coalescence of encapsulated drops (2011)

We demonstrate a microfluidic method to first generate double emulsion droplets containing two different inner drops, and to then control the internal coalescence of the encapsulated drops. The advantages of the core-coalescence method are illustrated by fabricating high viscosity particles and by demonstrating the dissolution of cell membranes.
Feed forward disturbance rejection by a multiple FIFO approach for transient operation of an engine test bench (2013)

Frequency bandwidth is a critical property of engine test benches, and is becoming the longer the more important especially in view of hybrid vehicle applications. A critical limiting factor of the bandwidth is the damping of the connection between engine and brake. To overcome this limit, a setup consisting of a stiff connection and an active rejection of the torque ripple has been proposed. Based on repeatability of a working cycle of a combustion engine, prediction and rejection of disturbance is possible for a given value of the system delay. However the delay is spread in different operating points, and its value is in general non known and subject to drastic changes during transient operations. This problem is tackled here by resorting to a time-shift adaptation based on a bank of FIFO memories along with a switching rule depending on the transient operating points - as opposed to stationary operating points. The algorithm is tested in simulation and furthermore applied to a real test bench. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reusable Latex Gloves (1988)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Preconcentration and drying of food materials : Thijssen Memorial Symposium : proceedings of the International Symposium on Preconcentration and Drying of Foods, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, November 5-6, 1987 (1988)

Opening Lectures. Thijssen lecture: Introduction to the Symposium topic (S. Bruin). Activity of water and its importance in preconcentration and drying of foods (M. Loncin). Preconcentration. Preconcentration: New developments (B. Hallstrom). Multistage evaporation in the diary industry: energy savings, product losses and cleaning (S. Bouman et al.). Apple juice concentration by reverse osmosis and falling film evaporation (M. Moresi). Free concentration (W. van Pelt, H. Jansen). Membrane processing of industrial enzymes (P.J.A.M. Kerkhof, G.H. Schoutens). An exergetic analysis of tomato juice concentration by membrane processes (E. Drioli et al.). Concentration of solutions of high osmotic pressure by reverse osmosis (H.F. van Wijk et al.). Osmotic concentration in food processing (C.R. Lerici et al.). Supercritical extraction of fermentation products (A.M.M. van Eijs et al.). Drying of Food Materials: Principles and Modelling. Spray drying of food liquids and volatiles retention (C.J. King). Evaluation and prediction of experimental drying curves (W.J. Coumans, K.Ch.A.M. Luyben). The modelling and measurement of segregation of solute material during drying of food systems (G. Meerdink et al.). Heat and mass transfer modelling during pasta drying. Application to crack formation risk reduction (J. Andrieu et al.). Spray drying of concentrated milk: relation between initial droplet size and final particle size (P.J.J.M. van Mil). Modeling grape drying kinetics (P. Masi, M. Riva). Drying of Food Materials: Processing and Optimisation. Optimizing the retention of heat sensitive materials in concentration and drying (M. Karel). A dynamic mechanistic model of a spray drying tower constructed for control and optimisation purposes (M.E. Paoli et al.). Steam drying of foodstuffs and agricultural products (C. Munter). Caking degree of spray dried coconut milk (J. Cal-Vidal, J.N.C. Da Costa). Drying of agricultural products in a two-component fluid bed (G. Donsi et al.). Closing Remarks. Arti for an Archat (W.J. Beek). Poster Sessions (18 papers).
The Radiology of Acute Cervical Spine Trauma, Second Edition (1987)

The edition, includes extensive coverage of computed tomography (including 3-D CT) and magnetic resonance imaging applications. Organization by mechanism of injury makes specific information easy to locate; coverage includes chapters on hyperextension injuries, injuries involving diverse or poorly understood mechanisms, and a useful classification system of acute cervical spine injuries.
Amine–Boranes: Green Hypergolic Fuels with Consistently Low Ignition Delays (2014)

Abstract Complexation of amines with borane converts them to hypergols or decreases their ignition delays (IDs) multifold (with white fuming nitric acid as the oxidant). With consistently low IDs, amine–boranes represent a class of compounds that can be promising alternatives to toxic hydrazine and its derivatives as propellants. A structure–hypergolicity relationship study reveals the necessary features for the low ID.
Performance of low-density parity-check coded modulation (2010)

This paper reports the performance of a family of nine accumulate-repeat-4-jagged-accumulate (AR4JA) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes [4] when used in conjunction with binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK), quadrature PSK (QPSK), 8-PSK, 16-ary amplitude PSK (16-APSK), and 32-APSK. We also report the performance under various mappings of bits to modulation symbols, hard decision decoding, log-likelihood ratio (LLR) approximations, and decoder iterations. One of the simple and well-performing LLR approximations can be expressed in a general equation that applies to all of the modulation types.
Practical Thermoforming: Principles and Applications (1987)

Components of the thermoforming process thermoforming methods thermoforming machines moulds for thermoforming economics of thermoforming.
Colonic Stent Placement Facilitated by Percutaneous Cecostomy and Antegrade Enema (2000)

Colonic Stent Placement Facilitated by Percutaneous Cecostomy and Antegrade EnemaT. E. Velling1, L. D. Hall and F. J. BrennanAudio Available | Share
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE ENHANCED SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION IN POLED POLYMER THIN FILM (2003)

In this paper we report surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a poled polymer thin film using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration (Kretschmann configuration). The second-harmonic (SH) light generated in this configuration is about 7000 times larger than that in the reflection geometry. This result is in agreement with the enhancement predicted by theoretical calculation.
Reaction Rates by Distillation. I. The Etherification of Phenylcarbinols and the Transetherification of their Ethers (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction Rates by Distillation. I. The Etherification of Phenylcarbinols and the Transetherification of their EthersErnest F. Pratt and J. Daniel. DraperCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 8, 2846–2849Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01176a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Random Mutagenesis by PCR (2000)

Error-prone PCR (EP-PCR) is the method of choice for introducing random mutations into a defined segment of DNA that is too long to be chemically synthesized as a degenerate sequence. Using EP-PCR, the 5' and 3' boundaries of the mutated region may be defined by the choice of PCR primers. Accordingly, it is possible to mutagenize an entire gene or merely a segment of a gene. The average number of mutations per DNA fragment can be controlled as a function of the number of EP-PCR doublings performed. The EP-PCR technique described here is for a 400-bp sequence, and an Alternate Protocol is for a library. EP-PCR takes advantage of the inherently low fidelity of Taq DNA polymerase, which may be further decreased by the addition of Mn2+, increasing the Mg2+ concentration, and using unequal dNTP concentrations.
Polymorphism of the human Ig VH4 gene family (1991)

In this study, we analyze the human VH4 gene family and find it to exhibit a level of polymorphism similar to that of the much larger VH3 family. A cloned VH4 probe detected an average of 10 hybridizing BgIII restriction fragments in genomic DNA derived from 75 unrelated individuals and a total of 15 distinct bands. Of these 15 restriction fragments, 12 were polymorphic, as demonstrated by band absence in some individuals. Oligonucleotide probes specific to CDR1 and CDR2 sequences of known VH4 genes detected limited numbers of bands and revealed sequence polymorphisms that correlated with several of the RFLP detected by the cloned probe. The prevalence of the individual polymorphic restriction fragments was highly variable, ranging from 1% to 97%, with a mean prevalence of 51%. These values resemble those previously observed among VH3 elements. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium suggests that most VH4 gene segments are in genetic equilibrium. These results indicate that the VH4 loci, like those of VH3, are dominated by relatively few, perhaps two to four, alleles/locus and further suggest that the haplotype organization of the human VH locus is very complex.
Diffusion (1998)

In this chapter we investigate equations which model diffusion processes, such as heat flow in a solid, or the spread of dye in water. There is an important difference between a diffusion process and the wave motion studied in Chapter 2. In diffusion, initial data is smeared and smoothed out; there are no sharp fronts. We shall see that this is a result of the constitutive relation (or diffusion law). In the latter part of this chapter we will combine nonlinear wave motion and diffusion.
Functionalization of SBA-15 with CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for adsorptive desulfurization: Matters of template P123 (2017)

Adsorption is one of the most promising methods for desulfurization of transportation fuels, due to the strategy which enables removal of organic sulfur compounds to be conducted at ambient conditions with high efficiency. Adsorbent is the key to the adsorptive performance. Both π complexation and direct sulfur metal bonds are efficient methods for adsorptive desulfurization. For construction of these bonds, it is necessary to introduce active metal species on the support. In this work, Ce(NO 3 ) 2 was directly introduced into the as-synthesized SBA-15, and high dispersion of CeO 2 nanoparticles was obtained. With the loading content of 12–46 wt%, the particle sizes of the CeO 2 NPs are in the range of 4.4–6.3 nm. The good dispersion status of CeO 2 nanoparticles is contributed to the template P123 preserved in as-synthesized SBA-15, which provides a confined space for the dispersion of CeO 2 nanoparticles. However, the large CeO 2 particles (7.0 nm) are formed for the sample originated from template-free SBA-15. We also demonstrate that the adsorptive performance of SBA-15 is enhanced with the modification of CeO 2 nanoparticles. Besides, the performances of CeO 2 nanoparticle-modified samples stay in step with the dispersion status of the CeO 2 nanoparticles.
Effects of interleukin-4 on granulocyte-macrophage-colony formation from murine bone marrow cells and hematopoietic reconstitution following murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1994)

We investigated the effects of mouse recombinant IL-4 on hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. IL-4 alone was found to be incapable of stimulating colony formation, but it inhibited both IL-3 and GM-CSF-induced colony formation by murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. In contrast, colony formation induced by G-CSF was enhanced in the presence of IL-4. We also studied the influence of IL-4 on hematopoietic reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a murine model, and found that IL-4 had significant inhibitory effects on neutrophil recovery and that neutrophil recovery accelerated by IL-3 and G-CSF was significantly suppressed by IL-4. The combination of IL-4 and GM-CSF caused a significant decrease in the absolute number of neutrophils.
Ion-Responsive Channels of Zwitterion-Carbon Nanotube Membrane for Rapid Water Permeation and Ultrahigh Mono-/Multivalent Ion Selectivity (2015)

The rational combination of polymer matrix and nanostructured building blocks leads to the formation of composite membranes with unexpected capability of selectivity of monovalent electrolytes and water, which affords the feasibility to effeciently remove harmful ions and neutral molecules from the environment of concentrated salines. However, the multivalent ion rejection in salined water of routine nanocomposite membranes was less than 98% when ion strength is high, resulting in a poor ion selectivity far below the acceptable value. In this contribution, the ion-responsive membrane with zwitterion-carbon nanotube (ZCNT) entrances at the surface and nanochannels inside membrane has been proposed to obtain ultrahigh multivalent ion rejection. The mean effective pore diameter of ZCNT membrane was dedicated tuned from 1.24 to 0.54 nm with the rise in Na2SO4 concentration from 0 to 70 mol m(-3) as contrary to the conventional rejection drop in carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane. The ultrahigh selective permeabilities of monovalent anions against divalent anions of 93 and against glucose of 5.5 were obtained on ZCNT membrane, while such selectivities were only 20 and 1.6 for the pristine CNT membrane, respectively. The ZCNT membranes have potential applications in treatment of salined water with general NaCl concentration from 100 to 600 mol m(-3), which are widely applicable in desalination, food, and biological separation processes.
Facet-Dependent Electrical Conductivity Properties of Cu<sub>2</sub>O Crystals (2015)

It is interesting to examine facet-dependent electrical properties of single Cu2O crystals, because such study greatly advances our understanding of various facet effects exhibited by semiconductors. We show a Cu2O octahedron is highly conductive, a cube is moderately conductive, and a rhombic dodecahedron is nonconductive. The conductivity differences are ascribed to the presence of a thin surface layer having different degrees of band bending. When electrical connection was made on two different facets of a rhombicuboctahedron, a diode-like response was obtained, demonstrating the potential of using single polyhedral nanocrystals as functional electronic components. Density of state (DOS) plots for three layers of Cu2O (111), (100), and (110) planes show respective metallic, semimetal, and semiconducting band structures. By examining DOS plots for varying number of planes, the surface layer thicknesses responsible for the facet-dependent electrical properties of Cu2O crystals have been determined to be below 1.5 nm for these facets.