gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Depressant Effects of Different Doses of Midazolam and Lack of Reversal with Naloxone-A Double-Blind Randomized Study (1983)

Conflicting data concerning the ventilatory effects of benzodiazepines may be caused by the large variability in investigational conditions. Respiratory effects of three different intravenous doses of midazolam (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg) and placebo were measured in a double-blind and randomized fashion in eight healthy volunteers. The respiratory variables were analyzed by means of a noninvasive method, thereby avoiding interferences associated with the stimulating effects of mouthpiece and nose clip. After injection of midazolam, tidal volume decreased by 40% with the three doses and respiratory frequency increased to the same extent, minute ventilation remained constant. Only the largest dose of the drug produced a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in O2 saturation that was related to the longer duration of apnea. Intravenous naloxone (0.015 mg/kg) injected 5 min after midazolam did not change any measured respiratory or hemodynamic variable. We conclude that the respiratory effects of midazolam are poorly dose related and not reversed by naloxone. The observed compensatory increase in respiratory frequency which is not noted in other studies, is probably related to the noninvasive measurement technique used.
The synthesis of complex-type oligosaccharides. I. Structure of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of the complex-type oligosaccharides of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (1978)

The synthesis of the complex-type oligosaccharide unit of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein is initiated by the en bloc transfer of a high molecular weight oligosaccharide from a lipid carrier to the nascent polypeptide. Following transfer the oligosaccharide is "processed" by removal of glucose and mannose residues and the sugars that constitute the outer branches of the complex-type oligosaccharide are added. The structure of the oligosaccharide moiety of the lipid-linked precursor has been elucidated in order to further define the steps involved in processing. Since it was not feasible to obtain adequate amounts of material for standard structural studies, most of the structural studies were performed on radiolabeled material, with radioactivity incorporated differentially into glucose, mannose, and N-acetylglucosamine. Based on endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase CII digestion, alpha-mannosidase digestion, acetolysis, Smith periodate degradation, methylation analysis, and periodate oxidation, we propose the following structure for the oligosaccharide moiety of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide.
Non-exponential relaxation in disordered materials (1998)

In most glass-forming materials external perturbations are relaxed in a non-exponential fashion. It is shown that the degree of non-exponentiality is phenomenologically correlated with the departure from simple thermally activated behavior as measured by the fragility index m. In model glass formers such as the Ge-As-Se ternary alloy, and to some degree for amorphous materials in general, the correlations with these properties are observed also for other characteristic features. These include the specific heat step and the aging kinetics in the glass transformation range. While phenomenological correlations have proven very useful for rationalizing the properties of many glass formers, they have provided little direct insight into the nature of the non-exponential relaxation itself. In this respect the invention of spectrally selective techniques, allowing to manipulate the observable primary response, has yielded evidence for its heterogeneous character. As an example of these developments the implications of some recent reduced 4D deuteron magnetic resonance experiments on a supercooled liquid are discussed.
Significant Type I and Type III Collagen Production from Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts in 3D Peptide Scaffolds without Extra Growth Factors (2010)

We here report the development of two peptide scaffolds designed for periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The scaffolds consist of one of the pure self-assembling peptide scaffolds RADA16 through direct coupling to short biologically active motifs. The motifs are 2-unit RGD binding sequence PRG (PRGDSGYRGDS) and laminin cell adhesion motif PDS (PDSGR). RGD and laminin have been previously shown to promote specific biological activities including periodontal ligament fibroblasts adhesion, proliferation and protein production. Compared to the pure RADA16 peptide scaffold, we here show that these designer peptide scaffolds significantly promote human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to proliferate and migrate into the scaffolds (for approximately 300 microm/two weeks). Moreover these peptide scaffolds significantly stimulated periodontal ligament fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix proteins without using extra additional growth factors. Immunofluorescent images clearly demonstrated that the peptide scaffolds were almost completely covered with type I and type III collagens which were main protein components of periodontal ligament. Our results suggest that these designer self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds may be useful for promoting wound healing and especially periodontal ligament tissue regeneration.
Epidemiologic studies of the human microbiome and cancer (2016)

The human microbiome, which includes the collective genome of all bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses found in and on the human body, is altered in many diseases and may substantially affect cancer risk. Previously detected associations of individual bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), periodontal disease, and inflammation with specific cancers have motivated studies considering the association between the human microbiome and cancer risk. This short review summarises microbiome research, focusing on published epidemiological associations with gastric, oesophageal, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, lung, colorectal, and other cancers. Large, prospective studies of the microbiome that employ multidisciplinary laboratory and analysis methods, as well as rigorous validation of case status, are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, screening, and treatment.
The influence of nanoscale topographical cues on initial osteoblast morphology and migration (2010)

The natural environment of a living cell is not only organized on a micrometer, but also on a nanometer scale. Mimicking such a nanoscale topography in implantable biomaterials is critical to guide cellular behavior. Also, a correct positioning of cells on biomaterials is supposed to be very important for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. The exact mechanism by which nanotextures can control cellular behavior are thus far not well understood and it is thus far unknown how cells recognize and respond to certain surface patterns, whereas a directed response appears to be absent on other pattern types. Focal adhesions (FAs) are known to be involved in the process of specific pattern recognition and subsequent response by cells. In this study, we used a high throughput screening "Biochip" containing 40 different nanopatterns to evaluate the influence of several nanotopographical cues like depth, width, (an)isotropy and spacing (ridge-groove ratio) on osteoblast behavior. Microscopical analysis and time lapse imaging revealed that an isotropic topography did not alter cell morphology, but it highly induced cell motility. Cells cultured on anisotropic topographies on the other hand, were highly elongated and aligned. Time-lapse imaging revealed that cell motility is highly dependent on the ridge-groove ratio of anisotropic patterns. The highest motility was observed on grooves with a ratio of 1:3, whereas the lowest motility was observed on ratios of 1:1 and 3:1. FA measurements demonstrated that FA-length decreased with increasing motility. From the study it can be concluded that osteoblast behavior is tightly controlled by nanometer surface features.
Lung Pathology and Infectious Agents in Fatal Feedlot Pneumonias and Relationship with Mortality, Disease Onset, and Treatments (2009)

This study charted 237 fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) observed from May 2002 to May 2003 in a single Oklahoma feed yard. Postmortem lung samples were used for agent identification and histopathology. Late in the study, 94 skin samples (ear notches) were tested for Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bovine respiratory disease morbidity was 14.7%, and the mortality rate of all causes was 1.3%, with more than half (53.8%) attributed to BRD (0.7% total of all causes). The agents isolated were the following: Mannheimia haemolytica (25.0%), Pasteurella multocida (24.5%), Histophilus somni (10.0%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (35.0%), Salmonella spp. (0.5%), and Mycoplasma spp. (71.4%). Viruses recovered by cell culture were BVDV-1a noncytopathic (NCP; 2.7%), BVDV-1a cytopathic (CP) vaccine strain (1.8%), BVDV-1b NCP (2.7%), BVDV-2a NCP (3.2%), BVDV-2b CP (0.5%), and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (2.3%). Gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were 4.6% positive for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and 10.8% positive for Bovine coronavirus. Bovine viral diarrhea virus IHC testing was positive in 5.3% of the animals. The mean values were determined for the treatment data: fatal disease onset (32.65 days), treatment interval (29.15 days), number of antibiotic treatments (2.65), number of different antibiotics (1.89), and day of death (61.81 days). Lesions included the following: 1) duration: acute (21%), subacute (15%), chronic (40.2%), healing (2.8%), normal (18.1%), and autolyzed (2.8%); 2) type of pneumonia: lobar bronchopneumonia (LBP; 27.1%), LBP with pleuritis (49.1%), interstitial pneumonia (5.1%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (1.4%), septic (0.9%), embolic foci (0.5%), other (2.8%), normal (10.3%), and autolyzed (2.8%); and 3) bronchiolar lesions: bronchiolitis obliterans (39.7%), bronchiolar necrosis (26.6%), bronchiolitis obliterans/bronchiolar necrosis (1.4%), other bronchiolar lesions (6.5%), and bronchiolar lesion negative (25.7%). Statistically significant relationships were present among the agents, lesions, and the animal treatment, disease onset, and mortality data. Clinical illnesses observed in this study were lengthier than those reported 16-20 years ago, based on fatal disease onset, treatment interval, and day of death.
Emerging Infectious Diseases: Trends and Issues (2003)

Preparing a text about emerging and reemerging infections sounds like a contradiction in terms since by the time a book is published, “new” infections may have come and gone. But Lashley and Durham have successfully walked the thin line between being dated on the one hand and providing timely, relevant data on the other. Several chapters place emerging infections and related problems such as microbial resistance in historical, cultural, and environmental context, which is relevant across diseases and time. The case study approach used for 17 specific diseases (e.g. cholera, cryptosporidiosis, malaria, prions, drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, West Nile virus) makes for an excellent vehicle for learning and fascinating reading. The book has five chapters on special issues—the role of infections in some cancers and chronic diseases, travel, immunocompromised persons, bioterrorism, behavioral and cultural aspects of transmission and infection—which cut across disease categories, as well as a future-looking summary. The book has four appendices for quick reference: emerging infections by organism and mode of transmission, prevention strategies, and a thorough list of resources. This book can serve as a valuable resource for epidemiologists, graduate students, and clinicians who need an overview reference text.
Cloud based firewall on OpenFlow SDN network (2017)

Security is a major problem in networking. Corporates and Service providers spend much money on highly priced firewalls to implement security. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new structure that can save Corporates and service providers money, reduce provisioning time from days to minutes, provides centralized management, allow programmability in the implicit Network. SDN accomplishes this by decoupling the control plane from the data plane. This paper demonstrates the benefits of implementing a Cloud based firewall on OpenFlow SDN network, which is a way of implementing SDN. The firewall has the capability of identifying application layer traffic, like social Medias and other websites and excluding some Denial-of-Service Attacks. This paper handles the implementation information and give a performance analysis of the firewall component.
Electrospun Nanoparticle–Nanofiber Composites via a One‐Step Synthesis (2009)

A facile approach to synthesize and incorporate metal nanoparticles (NPs) into electrospun polymer nanofibers (NFs) wherein the electrospinning polymer acts as both a reducing agent for the metal salt precursor, as well as a protecting and templating agent for the ensuing NPs, is reported. Such a true one-step process at ambient conditions and free of organic solvents is demonstrated using a system comprising AgNO(3) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) at electrospinnable molecular weights of 600, 1000, or 2000 kDa. The PEO transforms Ag(+) into AgNPs, a phenomenon that has not been previously possible at PEO molecular weights less than 20 kDa without the addition of a separate reducing agent and stabilizer or the application of heat. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry analyses support the formation of pseudo-crown ethers in high molecular weight PEO as the mechanism in the development of NPs. The AgNPs reduce fiber diameter and enhance fiber quality (reduced beading) due to increased electrical conductivity. Interestingly, several of the NFs exhibit AgNP-localized nanochain formation and protrusion from the NF surface that can be attributed to the combined effect of applied electrical field on the polymer and the differences between the electrical conductivity and polarizability of the polymer and metal NPs.
LC-MS Analysis of Solanidane Glycoalkaloid Diversity among Tubers of Four Wild Potato Species and Three Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) (2008)

Secondary metabolites in potato tubers include both phytonutrients and plant defense compounds. The extent these small molecules vary among different potato genotypes is not well characterized. LC-MS analysis of tuber extracts from seven potato genotypes showed that one large source of small molecule variation is the glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids are involved in the resistance of potatoes to pathogens and pests, but they also have implications for human health and nutrition. This study focused on glycoalkaloids with solanidane or solanidane-like aglycones, of which over 50 were tentatively identified, many of which appeared to be novel glycoalkaloids. Results suggested the variety of glycoalkaloids in potatoes is considerably greater than previously thought. Dissecting the role of these many glycoalkaloids in human health or pest and pathogen resistance will be a formidable undertaking.
Enriching the gene set analysis of genome-wide data by incorporating directionality of gene expression and combining statistical hypotheses and methods (2013)

Gene set analysis (GSA) is used to elucidate genome-wide data, in particular transcriptome data. A multitude of methods have been proposed for this step of the analysis, and many of them have been compared and evaluated. Unfortunately, there is no consolidated opinion regarding what methods should be preferred, and the variety of available GSA software and implementations pose a difficulty for the end-user who wants to try out different methods. To address this, we have developed the R package Piano that collects a range of GSA methods into the same system, for the benefit of the end-user. Further on we refine the GSA workflow by using modifications of the gene-level statistics. This enables us to divide the resulting gene set P-values into three classes, describing different aspects of gene expression directionality at gene set level. We use our fully implemented workflow to investigate the impact of the individual components of GSA by using microarray and RNA-seq data. The results show that the evaluated methods are globally similar and the major separation correlates well with our defined directionality classes. As a consequence of this, we suggest to use a consensus scoring approach, based on multiple GSA runs. In combination with the directionality classes, this constitutes a more thorough basis for an enriched biological interpretation.
White-Space Sensing Device for Detecting Vacant Channels in TV Bands (2008)

Measurements performed at several locations clearly show that frequency spectrum is under-utilized. Cognitive radio is a strong candidate to ensure better spectrum utilization by providing access in an opportunistic manner. Simulations performed on the algorithm that we proposed show promising results in sensing vacant channels in TV bands. Here we present the work, which implements the algorithm on a real-time prototype, and measure its sensing performance in actual environments. Results show that our algorithm is robust under realistic conditions. This confirmation will give much needed confidence in the capability of cognitive radio systems to detect the operation of primary users and protect their use of spectrum.
Function Annotation of Hepatic Retinoid x Receptor α Based on Genome-Wide DNA Binding and Transcriptome Profiling (2012)

This study establishes the relationship between RXRα DNA binding and hepatic gene expression. RXRα binds extensively to the mouse genome. However, DNA binding does not necessarily affect the basal mRNA level. In addition to metabolism, RXRα dictates the expression of genes that regulate RNA processing, translation, and protein folding illustrating the novel roles of hepatic RXRα in post-transcriptional regulation.
Genetic characterization of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> filamentous haemagglutinin: a protein processed from an unusually large precursor (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), fhaB, a crucial adherence factor for Bordetella pertussis, has been determined. Its 10774 nucleotides are far more than necessary to encode the 220 kD biologically active, mature polypeptide product, suggesting a role for co- or post-translational processing. Fusion proteins derived from various portions of the fhaB open reading frame (ORF) were used to generate polyclonal antisera. Western immunoblot analysis of purified FHA and Bordetella sp. whole cell extracts with these antisera indicated that the 220 kD product is encoded by the 5' portion of the ORF and that the smaller polypeptide species are breakdown products of this polypeptide. These data, as well as N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the major polypeptide species, suggest a scheme for the proteolytic processing of an FHA precursor polypeptide.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue vs Bone Marrow: In Vitro Comparison of Their Tropism towards Gliomas (2013)

Adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have similar in vitro glioma tropism. Given the well-documented ability to harvest larger numbers of AMSCs under local anesthesia, adipose tissue may provide a more efficient source of MSCs for research and clinical applications, while minimizing patient morbidity during cell harvesting.
A robust high-sensitivity algorithm for automated detection of proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis gels (1993)

The automated interpretation of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images used in protein separation and analysis presents a formidable problem in the detection and characterization of ill-defined spatial objects. We describe in this paper a hierarchical algorithm that provides a robust, high-sensitivity solution to this problem, which can be easily adapted to a variety of experimental situations. The software implementation of this algorithm functions as part of a complete package designed for general protein gel analysis applications.
Dielectric properties of ionic conductors : Yttria stabilized zirconia and forsterite (1980)

Two ionic conductors : yttria stabilized zirconia and nonstoichiometric forsterite were studied by an impedance complex method. For both materials, this technique allows us to separate, on each side of a caracteristic frequency ωc, two domains corresponding to different relaxation mechanisms. The frequency ωc has been identified as the jump frequency of the charge carriers. The frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity, below and above ωc, has been discussed on the basis of a new model recently introduced by Jonscher.
Transcriptional Regulation of Plant Secondary Metabolism<sup>F</sup> (2012)

Plant secondary metabolites play critical roles in plant-environment interactions. They are synthesized in different organs or tissues at particular developmental stages, and in response to various environmental stimuli, both biotic and abiotic. Accordingly, corresponding genes are regulated at the transcriptional level by multiple transcription factors. Several families of transcription factors have been identified to participate in controlling the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. These regulators integrate internal (often developmental) and external signals, bind to corresponding cis-elements--which are often in the promoter regions--to activate or repress the expression of enzyme-coding genes, and some of them interact with other transcription factors to form a complex. In this review, we summarize recent research in these areas, with an emphasis on newly-identified transcription factors and their functions in metabolism regulation.
Implementation and performance evaluation of a network-attached CD image file server (2002)

A network-attached CD Image file server, working on the Linux operating system, is implemented. By taking advantage of virtual file system (VFS) infrastructure and loopback device, the data of CD are mirrored in harddisks and can be shared by clients synchronously through network. The primary benefits of such a server are cost effectiveness, high capacity and excellent compatibility with Chinese characters. The performance of the server is evaluated by testing its throughput during I/O request. The experimental results show that, compared with conventional methods such as sharing the CD-ROM hard devices via network as, the rate of reading data from the CD Image is much higher. This is especially true when the server is dealing with multi-client access.