gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attention-based Transducer for Online Speech Recognition (2020)

Recent studies reveal the potential of recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) for end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition. Among some most popular E2E systems including RNN-T, Attention Encoder-Decoder (AED), and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), RNN-T has some clear advantages given that it supports streaming recognition and does not have frame-independency assumption. Although significant progresses have been made for RNN-T research, it is still facing performance challenges in terms of training speed and accuracy. We propose attention-based transducer with modification over RNN-T in two aspects. First, we introduce chunk-wise attention in the joint network. Second, self-attention is introduced in the encoder. Our proposed model outperforms RNN-T for both training speed and accuracy. For training, we achieves over 1.7x speedup. With 500 hours LAIX non-native English training data, attention-based transducer yields ~10.6% WER reduction over baseline RNN-T. Trained with full set of over 10K hours data, our final system achieves ~5.5% WER reduction over that trained with the best Kaldi TDNN-f recipe. After 8-bit weight quantization without WER degradation, RTF and latency drop to 0.34~0.36 and 268~409 milliseconds respectively on a single CPU core of a production server.
Allogeneic bronchoalveolar lavage cells induce the histology of acute lung allograft rejection, and deposition of IgG2a in recipient murine lungs (1995)

The immunologic and histologic changes associated with lung allograft rejection are believed to result from the presentation of donor lung alloantigens to recipient lymphocytes resulting in up-regulated Th1 lymphocyte activity. The ability of allogeneic lung immune cells to induce the pathologic and immunologic changes associated with acute lung allograft rejection are unknown. The current study determined whether allogeneic (C57BL/6, I-a(b)) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (> or = 97% macrophages), when instilled into the lungs of recipient BALB/c mice (I-a(d)), induced the histology and immunology associated with acute lung allograft rejection. BALB/c mice received BAL cells from either C57BL/6 mice (allogeneic instillate) or BALB/c mice (autologous instillate) or PBS (control) by nasal insufflation weekly for 4 wk. Allogeneic BAL cells resulted in a lymphocytic bronchitis and vasculitis analogous to grade 1 to 2 lung allograft rejection. The mice given allogeneic instillates had a greater percentage of lymphocytes in the BAL fluid than those given autologous instillates. After instillation of allogeneic BAL cells, the Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-gamma (IFN-gamma), were produced locally in greater quantities and more frequently than Th2 cytokine IL-10. IL-4, another Th2 cytokine, was not detected. The local production of IgG1 and IgG2a, which are dependent on IL-4 and IFN-gamma, respectively, were increased. However, only IgG2a was deposited in the perivascular and peribronchiolar tissues. These data show that installation of allogeneic BAL cells into the airways of recipient mice induced up-regulated Th1 lymphocyte activity and caused the histologic changes associated with lung allograft rejection.
Improved principal components generalized projections algorithm for frequency resolved optical gating (2017)

I present an improvement to the principal components generalized projections (PCGP) algorithm used for Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) inversion that still maintains the speed and simplicity of the PCGP algorithm.
Particle Filtering for Geometric Active Contours with Application to Tracking Moving and Deforming Objects (2005)

Geometric active contours are formulated in a manner which is parametrization independent. As such, they are amenable to representation as the zero level set of the graph of a higher dimensional function. This representation is able to deal with singularities and changes in topology of the contour. It has been used very successfully in static images for segmentation and registration problems where the contour (represented as an implicit curve) is evolved until it minimizes an image based energy functional. But tracking involves estimating the global motion of the object and its local deformations as a function of time. Some attempts have been made to use geometric active contours for tracking, but most of these minimize the energy at each frame and do not utilize the temporal coherency of the motion or the deformation. On the other hand, tracking algorithms using Kalman filters or particle filters have been proposed for finite dimensional representations of shape. But these are dependent on the chosen parametrization and cannot handle changes in curve topology. In the present work, we formulate a particle filtering algorithm in the geometric active contour framework that can be used for tracking moving and deforming objects.
Theoretical simulation of a polarization modulator based on mechanical rotation of a polarizing element (1997)

The properties of three alternative designs for a polarization modulator of potential use for the measurement of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) are evaluated and compared by use of Mueller calculus. The analysis shows that the combination of a fixed polarizer plus either a photoelastic modulator or a rotating quarter-wave plate possesses nearly the same capability for generation of time-varying, circularly polarized light. However, a modulator composed of a rotating polarizer plus a fixed birefringent plate entails considerable theoretical and experimental difficulties for use in the measurement of VCD spectra. While VCD spectra obtained with the rotating devices can be calibrated in the same manner as spectra obtained with a photoelastic modulator, Mueller analysis shows that the form of the resultant calibration signal will have a different shape. The relevant expressions for VCD and linear dichroism as well as the calibration signals are presented, and consequences for practical realization of these experiments are discussed.
Removal of Lipophilic Extractives from Paper Pulp by Laccase and Lignin-Derived Phenols as Natural Mediators (2007)

In this paper, we show for the first time that lignin-derived phenols can act as laccase mediators for the removal of lipophilic compounds from paper pulp. These natural mediators represent an alternative to synthetic mediators, such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), that cause some economic and environmental concerns. Unbleached kraft pulp from eucalypt wood, which contained free and conjugated sterols responsible for pitch deposition in the manufacture of totally chlorine free paper, was treated with a fungal laccase in the presence of syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, and p-coumaric acid as mediators. The composition of lipophilic extractives in the pulps after the enzymatic treatment followed by a hydrogen peroxide stage was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The enzymatic treatment using syringaldehyde as laccase mediator caused the highest removal (over 90%) of free and conjugated sitosterol, similar to that attained with HBT, followed by acetosyringone (over 60% removal), whereas p-coumaric acid was barely effective. Moreover, recalcitrant oxidized steroids surviving laccase-HBT treatment could be removed when using these natural mediators. Pulp brightness was also improved (from 57% to 66% ISO brightness) by the laccase treatment in the presence of the above phenols followed by the peroxide stage due to the simultaneous removal of lignin.
A single comb laser source for short reach WDM interconnects (2009)

High-channel-count WDM will eventually be used for short reach optical interconnects since it maximizes link bandwidth and efficiency. An impediment to adoption is the fact that each WDM wavelength currently requires its own DFB laser. The alternative is a single, multi-wavelength laser, but noise, size and/or expense make existing options impractical. In contrast, a new low-noise, diode comb laser based on InAs/GaAs quantum dots provides a practical and timely alternative, albeit in the O-band. Samples are being evaluated in short reach WDM development systems. Tests show this type of Fabry-Perot laser permits >10 Gb/s error-free modulation of 10 to over 50 separate channels, as well as potential for 1.25 Gb/s direct modulation. The paper describes comb laser requirements, noise measurements for external and direct modulation, O-band issues, transmitter photonic circuitry and components, future CMP applications, and optical couplers that may help drive down packaging costs to below a dollar.
Towards a secure behavior modeling for IoT networks using Blockchain (2020)

Internet of Things (IoT) occupies a vital aspect of our everyday lives. IoT networks composed of smart-devices which communicate and transfer the information without the physical intervention of humans. Due to such proliferation and autonomous nature of IoT systems make these devices threatened and prone to a severe kind of threats. In this paper, we introduces a behavior capturing, and verification procedures in blockchain supported smart-IoT systems that can be able to show the trust-level confidence to outside networks. We defined a custom \emph{Behavior Monitor} and implement on a selected node that can extract the activity of each device and analyzes the behavior using deep machine learning strategy. Besides, we deploy Trusted Execution Technology (TEE) which can be used to provide a secure execution environment (enclave) for sensitive application code and data on the blockchain. Finally, in the evaluation phase we analyze various IoT devices data that is infected by Mirai attack. The evaluation results show the strength of our proposed method in terms of accuracy and time required for detection.
Characteristic numbers of polymers in dilute solution : a universal description of the cross-over effects (1987)

The viscosimetric behaviour of eleven polymer-solvent systems is analysed in order to determine the characteristic numbers in the beginning and in the end of the cross-over region. In the beginning we have a cross-over between Gaussian and excluded volume behaviour and in the end a cross-over between partial excluded-volume and complete excluded-volume behaviour (in the second cross-over the chain exhibits an excluded volume statistics on a macroscopic scale and starts the linearity between log [η ] and log M). We show that in the beginning and in the end of the cross-over region the characteristic molecular weight or the characteristic number of monomers is different for different polymers and the second is related to the stiffness of the chain. In the contrary, the characteristic number of statistical segments in the beginning and in the end of the cross-over region are about the same for all the polymers, and this result confirms the validity of a universal description of polymer solutions.
Motion control in an electric vehicle with four independently driven in-wheel motors (1999)

We study methods of motion control for an electric vehicle (EV) with four independently driven in-wheel motors. First, we propose and simulate a novel robust dynamic yaw-moment control (DYC). DYC is a vehicle attitude control method that generates yaw from torque differences between the right and left wheels. The results of simulations, however, identify a problem with instability on slippery, low /spl mu/ roads. To solve this problem, a new skid detection method is proposed that will be a part of traction control system (TCS) for each drive wheel. The experimental results show that this method can detect a skidding wheel, without any information on chassis velocity. Therefore, this method will be of great help during cornering or braking in a TCS. These methods will be integrated and tested in our new experimental EV.
Graphic user interface for transformer laboratory (2002)

This paper describes software to assist the transformer testing laboratory in electrical engineering teaching. The software is a Microsoft Windows application programme. It requires an IBM compatible PC with MS Windows 3.1. The programme compiler used is Borland C++ (Ver 3.1) with Application Frameworks. The advantages of C++ as an OOP language are discussed and attention is drawn to the fact that C++ provides a unified programming environment for programme reusability and easy maintenance, and strong graphic capabilities which meets the update requirements for engineering teaching with proper application of multi-media computing technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antibacterial properties of nitric oxide-releasing porous silicon nanoparticles (2016)

In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of NO-releasing porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) is reported. NO-releasing pSiNPs were produced via the conjugation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) donors to the nanoparticle surfaces. The release of the conjugated NO caused by the decomposition of the conjugated SNO and GSNO was boosted in the presence of ascorbic acid. The released NO was bactericidal to Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and eliminated bacterial growth within 2 h of incubation without compromising the viability of mammalian cells. These results demonstrate the advantages of NO-releasing pSiNPs for antibacterial applications, for example, in chronic wound treatment.
The Synthesis of N-Benzylthieno[2,3-b]pyrrole<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of N-Benzylthieno[2,3-b]pyrrole1,2Richard K. Olsen and H. R. SnyderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 1, 184–187Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01012a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01012a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vanadium alloys for the radiative divertor program of DIII-D (2002)

Vanadium alloys provide an attractive solution for fusion power plants as they exhibit a potential for low environmental impact due to low level of activation from neutron fluence and a relatively short half-life. They also have attractive material properties for use in a reactor. General Atomics along with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has developed a plan to utilize vanadium alloys as part of the Radiative Divertor Project (RDP) modification for the DIII-D tokamak. The goal for using vanadium alloys is to provide a meaningful step towards developing advanced materials for fusion power applications by demonstrating the in-service behavior of a vanadium alloy (V-4Cr-4Ti) in a tokamak in conjunction with developing essential fabrication technology for the manufacture of full-scale vanadium alloy components. A phased approach towards utilizing vanadium in DIII-D is being used starting with small coupons and samples, advancing to a small component, and finally a portion of the new double-null, slotted divertor will be fabricated from vanadium alloy product forms. A major portion of the program is research and development to support fabrication and resolve key issues related to environmental effects.
Novel optically transparent antenna for RFID smart fitting room application (2015)

A novel optically transparent RFID reader antenna is proposed in this paper for smart fitting room application in clothing stores. This antenna uses Indium Tin Oxide film to achieve the optically transparent characteristic. It operates in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band and has circular polarization characteristic. The antenna can be integrated into the mirror surface of fitting rooms and read the tags attached to clothes being tried on. The interactive information of clothing can be automatically provided for the clients through this RFID system. Both of the simulation and measurement results are given to illustrate the good performance of the antenna. The measured tag detection distances are up to 1.5m along the front of the mirror and 0.5m at the sides which are suitable for the size of fitting rooms.
Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Theory and Application (2015)

Many important problems involve decision making under uncertainty -- that is, choosing actions based on often imperfect observations, with unknown outcomes. Designers of automated decision support systems must take into account the various sources of uncertainty while balancing the multiple objectives of the system. This book provides an introduction to the challenges of decision making under uncertainty from a computational perspective. It presents both the theory behind decision making models and algorithms and a collection of example applications that range from speech recognition to aircraft collision avoidance.Focusing on two methods for designing decision agents, planning and reinforcement learning, the book covers probabilistic models, introducing Bayesian networks as a graphical model that captures probabilistic relationships between variables; utility theory as a framework for understanding optimal decision making under uncertainty; Markov decision processes as a method for modeling sequential problems; model uncertainty; state uncertainty; and cooperative decision making involving multiple interacting agents. A series of applications shows how the theoretical concepts can be applied to systems for attribute-based person search, speech applications, collision avoidance, and unmanned aircraft persistent surveillance. Decision Making Under Uncertainty unifies research from different communities using consistent notation, and is accessible to students and researchers across engineering disciplines who have some prior exposure to probability theory and calculus. It can be used as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fields including computer science, aerospace and electrical engineering, and management science. It will also be a valuable professional reference for researchers in a variety of disciplines
Quantitative interpretations of Visible-NIR reflectance spectra of blood (2008)

This paper illustrates the implementation of a new theoretical model for rapid quantitative analysis of the Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectra of blood cultures. This new model is based on the photon diffusion theory and Mie scattering theory that have been formulated to account for multiple scattering populations and absorptive components. This study stresses the significance of the thorough solution of the scattering and absorption problem in order to accurately resolve for optically relevant parameters of blood culture components. With advantages of being calibration-free and computationally fast, the new model has two basic requirements. First, wavelength-dependent refractive indices of the basic chemical constituents of blood culture components are needed. Second, multi-wavelength measurements or at least the measurements of characteristic wavelengths equal to the degrees of freedom, i.e. number of optically relevant parameters, of blood culture system are required. The blood culture analysis model was tested with a large number of diffuse reflectance spectra of blood culture samples characterized by an extensive range of the relevant parameters.
DOPPLER SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRCRAFT RADAR TARGETS AT S-BAND (1961)

The doppler frequency spectra of propeller-driven and turbojet aircraft were measured at S-band. It was found that there are numerous spectral lines in the doppler return from propeller-driven aircraft resulting from the relative motion of the propellers with respect to the radar. The doppler spectrum can be roughly predicted from a knowledge of the propeller parameters and target aspect. Turbojet aircraft spectra were found to contain a strong modulation sideband due to the engine compressor blades. Doppler velocity noise due to target scintillation was also measured.
Design of Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Full Cells with Silicon (2018)

Wound pouch cells with a Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 (NMC622) positive electrode and graphite/Si alloy negative electrode are shown to have significantly better performance than equivalent cells with a LiCoO2 (LCO) positive electrode. Silicon containing NMC622 full cells have better performance with a 4.35 V upper cutoff voltage (UCV) than with a 4.25 V UCV. The addition of small amounts (≤8 wt%) of high surface area NMC622 to LCO-based positive electrodes in single layer pouch cells with graphite/Si alloy negative electrodes improves cycling performance and coulombic efficiency. Adding fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) further improves the performance of cells showing the benefits of NMC622 and FEC can be combined. High precision calorimetry and cycling, Archimedes volume measurements, and cross-section scanning electron microscopy support the hypothesis of interplay between the parasitic reactions at the positive and negative electrodes. The NMC622 positive electrode is proposed to stabilize the Si alloy in the negative electrode via a CO2 release mechanism, though further confirmation of the mechanism is needed.
Challenges of Using Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) in High Free Gas Applications (2010)

Abstract One of the limitations of achieving full potential in pumped wells is the presence of excessive free gas at pump intake. Presence of free gas at pump intake affects the pump performance negatively, reducing the liquid rates and the pressure added by the pump. This performance reduction may sometimes be quite severe, resulting in unstable pump operation, significant production losses, lower reliability and increased operating costs due to premature equipment failure. Currently some operators need to produce wells under challenging operational conditions with very high free gas ratios. ESP in wells with a high free gas liquid ratio that requires the use of special gas handling technologies is becoming more and more common. Recent advances in ESP gas handling technologies expand the use of ESPs to more gassy applications in the industry. This paper presents the methods used, the results and learnings from the application of ESPs with various gas handling technologies based on real field data. Present natural flow conditions were simulated to determine the operating envelope for each well. ESPs were evaluated for the selected design ranges governed by the drawdown (bubble point) constraints. The operating envelopes for each selected well were established over its life cycle with various free gas volumes and water cuts. The paper confirms that ESP can operate successfully with the pump intake gas fraction up to 75% through use of appropriate gas handling technologies and challenging the norms.