gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stem Cell And Its Application (2003)

Today stem cell is one of the mostly hot spots in Cell-biology as well as the whole Life Science. Study on stem cell with concept, biology characters, class and so on. Survey the application of clone and transgenic technique.
Studies of cellulose binding by cellobiose dehydrogenase and a comparison with cellobiohydrolase 1 (1997)

The binding isotherm to cellulose of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been compared with that of cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH 1) from Trichoderma reesei. CDH binds more strongly but more sparsely to cellulose than does CBH 1. In a classical Scatchard analysis, a better fit to a one-site binding model was obtained for CDH than for CBH 1. The binding of both enzymes decreased in the presence of ethylene glycol, increased in the presence of ammonium sulphate and was unaffected by sodium chloride. Attempts to localize the cellulose-binding site on CDH have also been made by exposing enzymically digested CDH to cellulose and isolating the cellulose-bound peptides. The results suggest that the cellulose-binding site is located internally in the amino acid sequence of CDH.
Design and Development of Cylindrical MR Fluid Brake with Multi-Coil Structure (2011)

Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are functional fluids which respond to an applied magnetic field with a change in rheological behavior. The objective of this study is to clarify an effective design method to develop the cylindrical MR fluid brake (cylindrical MRB). Before getting into the design, a testing cell to evaluate rheological properties of the MRF was developed. The experimental result was modeled as a characteristic curve which is independent of the shear rate. This model was utilized as fundamental data for design. A cylindrical MRB whose maximum torque is 10 Nm was also designed, and its braking torque was compared with the estimated torque with finite elemental method software for a magnetostatic analysis and proposed mathematical model of the MRF. Although the results show errors at off-state of the brake that come from a friction of an oil seal, the cylindrical MRB whose maximum torque is about 10 Nm was developed.
Nanocrystalline barium titanate: Evidence for the absence of ferroelectricity in sol-gel derived thin-layer capacitors (1993)

Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 thin-layer capacitors were integrated onto silicon by sol-gel processing using alkoxide precursor solutions. 200-nm-thick layers were formed and found to be comprised of 25-nm grains in the cubic perovskite structure. Electrical measurements indicated a lack of polarization-reversal hysteresis characteristics and Curie–Weiss behavior. The dielectric constant was 230 at room temperature. Properties are discussed in terms of a crystallite size effect. Stable dielectric properties with respect to temperature and voltage suggest that nanocrystalline BaTiO3 could find possible use as an integrated capacitor in decoupling and dynamic random access memory applications.
A dynamic method for handling the inference problem in multilevel secure databases (2005)

The inference problem exits when users can infer sensitive data classified at higher security levels from the knowledge of data at their level by performing inference. Inference problems greatly compromise database security, especially in multilevel secure (MLS) databases where both users and data are classified into different security levels. This paper presents an approach of dynamic control over the inference problem after all inference channels have been identified in a multilevel database. A set of key schemes are used for this purpose. We prove that these schemes are more efficient, in both space and time complexity, than previously proposed approaches.
Synthesis of <i>trans</i>‐4,5‐epoxy‐(<i>E</i>)‐2‐decenal and its deuterated analog used for the development of a sensitive and selective quantification method based on isotope dilution assay with negative chemical ionization (1999)

The volatile compound trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (1) was synthesized in two steps with good overall yields. The newly developed method is based on trans-epoxidation of (E)-2-octenal with alkaline hydrogen peroxide followed by a Wittig-type chain elongation with the ylide formylmethylene triphenylphosphorane. For the synthesis of [4,5-2H2]-trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (d-1), [2,3-2H2]-(E)-2-octenal was prepared by reduction of 2-octyn-1-ol with lithium aluminum deuteride and subsequent oxidation of [2,3-2H2]-(E)-2-octen-1-ol with manganese oxide. Compound d1 was used as internal standard for the quantification of 1 by isotope dilution assay. Among various mass spectrometry (MS) ionization techniques tested, negative chemical ionization with ammonia as reagent gas gave best results with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity. The detection limit was found to be at about 1 pg of the analyte introduced into the gas chromatography-MS system.
Phosphorus Sorption Capacity of Filter Materials Used for On‐site Wastewater Treatment Determined in Batch Experiments–A Comparative Study (2009)

Increasing numbers of filter materials have been proposed as suitable media for P removal in on-site wastewater treatment systems. The phosphorus sorption capacity (PSC) of the material can be estimated in batch experiments and is commonly used as the criterion for material selection. However, there is no standard procedure and batch experimental parameters are arbitrarily established, thus leading to difficulties in comparing the results. The main parameters affecting the batch adsorption system are the form and amount of material, material-to-solution ratio, nature, pH and initial concentration of P solution, contact time, agitation, and temperature. This paper critically reviews a number of relevant studies that used batch experiments to estimate the PSC of different filter materials. The nature and form of the materials vary significantly and there is broad variation in the batch experimental parameters set in the selected studies. Analysis of the data from selected studies showed a relationship between particle size or pH of the material and its PSC. The initial P concentration of the solution and the material-to-solution ratio in the batch system were found to be correlated with the estimated PSC, suggesting that batch parameters have a great influence on the results. Based on the analysis of the selected studies, the difficulties of using batch experiments are outlined, recommendations for batch experiment procedure are suggested and a classification system for filter materials according to their PSC and particle size is presented.
Force feedback using sensibility ergonomics theory in teleoperation system (2003)

In remote control systems, it is crucial to increase the work efficiency by providing the real situation to an operator in simulated way through the delivery of force and vision data. In this research, the physical parameters of a master are to be rearranged on the basis of the operator and combined into impedance control system to offer the operator the experience of the rearranged sensibility. To carry out this task, statistical factor analysis of human senses and extraction of proper sensibility ergonomics words were executed by quantification of senses on the basis of sensibility ergonomics theory To display the desired sense to an operator in real time, sensibility ergonomics database and sense interface operating in the Windows environment were constructed.
Computer-aided synthesis design at RISC-Linz: automatic extraction and use of reaction classes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-aided synthesis design at RISC-Linz: automatic extraction and use of reaction classesEdward S. BlurockCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1990, 30, 4, 505–510Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00068a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (623 KB) Get e-Alerts
PROCEED: A pareto optimization-based circuit-level evaluator for emerging devices (2014)

Evaluation of novel devices in a circuit context is crucial to identifying and maximizing their value. We propose a new framework, PROCEED, and metrics for accurate device-circuit co-evaluation through proper optimization of digital circuit benchmarks. PROCEED assesses technology suitability over a wide operating region (MHz to GHz) by leveraging available circuit knobs (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> assignment, power management, sizing, etc.) and improves accuracy by 3X to 115X compared to existing methods while offering orders of magnitude improvements in runtime over full physical design implementation flows. To illustrate PROCEED's capabilities, we deploy it to assess novel tunneling transistors (TFETs) compared to conventional CMOS.
Is Litigation Always the Answer (1997)

Alternative Dispute Resolution program changes the landscape of course offerings: The School of Law prepares students for more than litigation.
Two-Step Algorithms for Linear Inverse Problems with Non-Quadratic Regularization (2007)

Iterative shrinkage/thresholding (IST) algorithms have been recently proposed to handle high-dimensional convex optimization problems arising in image inverse problems (namely deconvolution) under non-quadratic regularization (e.g., total variation or sparsity inducing regularizers on wavelet representations). The convergence speed of IST algorithms depends heavily on the nature of the direct operator, being very slow when this operator is severely ill-conditioned. In this paper, we introduce a two-step version of IST (termed 2IST, pronounced "twist") showing much faster convergence for strongly ill-conditioned operators. We give theoretical results concerning the convergence behavior of 2IST and show its effectiveness for wavelet-based and total variation image deconvolution.
Continuous-wave 532-nm-pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate (1998)

We report a continuous-wave (cw) 532-nm-pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) based on periodically poled lithium niobate. The pump source is a commercial 5-W cw diode-pumped, multilongitudinal-mode, intracavity-doubled Nd:YVO(4) laser. Using a four-mirror ring SRO cavity and single-pass pumping, we achieved subwatt internal oscillation threshold, 56% quantum efficiency, and output tuning from 917 to 1266 nm.
Studies of the SLT Chip Terminal Metallurgy (1969)

The thin film metallurgy used for SLT chip terminal contacts has been studied with respect to the soldering procedure used for chip-to-module joining. A simple solder immersion test was used to study wetting and dewetting effects on Cr films overlaid with films of Cu and other metals. It was found that the initial soldering reaction (consisting of the conversion of the Cu film to a Cu-Sn metallic layer) proceeds to completion in only a few seconds. Thereafter, the intermetallic layer starts to disintegrate and become thinner by a mechanism identified as solution-assisted spalling. Removal of the intermetallic layer by this mechanism is not limited by simple solubility considerations. From metallographic observations and the inability to produce direct wetting of Cr films by solder, it was concluded that the basic cause of solder dewetting is the excessive loss of intermetallic from the underlying Cr film. Dewetting is accelerated if the Cu film is deposited on an oxidized Cr surface. These observations underscore the importance of the manufacturing practice of overlapping the Cr and Cu depositions so as to obtain an adherent and interlocked structure which is resistant to spalling. Other studies have show that Al films are relatively inert to molten pure Pb-5% Sn solder, but are susceptible to rapid attack if gold is added to the solder. Appreciable delay of such attack is afforded by an overlying film of Cr, provided both surface and edge coverage are achieved.
Basic and Translational Research on Proteinase-Activated Receptors: Antagonism of the Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1 for Thrombin, a Novel Approach to Antiplatelet Therapy for Atherothrombotic Disease (2008)

Atherothrombotic disease is a leading public health problem. Although current antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-receptor antagonists, reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with atherothrombotic disease, the residual risk for ischemic events remains substantial. The high residual risk despite dual antiplatelet therapy can be attributed to the fact that platelets possess multiple pathways of activation that are not all inhibited by aspirin and ADP-receptor antagonists. Among these, binding of thrombin to the proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)) is the most potent platelet activation pathway. In addition, the PAR(1) pathway does not appear to be essential for initiating hemostasis. Inhibition of the PAR(1) receptor thus offers a possible new therapeutic approach with a potentially improved benefit-to-risk profile for treatment of patients with atherothrombotic disease. Preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed that SCH 530348, a potent, orally active thrombin-receptor antagonist selective for PAR(1), does not increase bleeding liability when added to dual antiplatelet therapy. Currently, two large ongoing phase 3 clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy and safety of SCH 530348 in combination with the standard of care in patients with acute coronary syndromes as well as for secondary prevention in patients with previous history of atherothrombotic disease.
The synthesis of various chloroimidazo[4,5‐c]pyridines and related derivatives (1965)

Abstract A new and convenient route to the synthesis of 4‐chloroimidazo[4,5‐c]pyridine (IV) has been devised. The preparation of 6‐chloroimidazo[4,5‐c]pyridine (IX) and 4,6‐dichloroimidazo[4, 5‐c]pyridine (XX) has been accomplished for the first time by ring closure of the requisite Chloro‐3.4‐diaminopyridines with ethyl orthoformate and acetic anhydride. Ring closure of 2,4,5‐triaminopyridine (XI) with ethyl orthoformate and acetic anhydride gave 6‐aminoimidazo[4, 5‐c]pyridine (XII). Imidazo[4, 5‐c]pyridine‐4‐thione (XXI has been prepared from 4‐chloroimidazo[4, 5‐c]pyridine.
Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis by Detection of Circulating Cathodic Antigen with a Monoclonal Antibody (1991)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5H11 reacted with repeating epitopes on Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) and detected CCA in sera of Egyptian S. mansoni-infected patients. MAb 5H11 was both capture and biotinylated detection antibody in a sandwich ELISA of trichloroacetic acid-pretreated serum samples. Sera of patients with 7-500 eggs/g of stool were positive by MAb 5H11-CCA sandwich ELISA. Stool egg counts and CCA serum levels correlated (r = .52), and CCA levels decreased by 4 weeks after praziquantel treatment in patients with pretreatment egg counts of greater than or equal to 50/g of stool (P less than .05). Sera of Schistosoma haematobium-infected patients, uninfected individuals, and most patients with other helminths were negative in this assay. The MAb 5H11-CCA sandwich ELISA appears sensitive and specific for immunodetection of active schistosomiasis mansoni and useful for monitoring its chemotherapy.
Troponin and Parvalbumin Calcium Binding Regions Predicted in Myosin Light Chain and T4 Lysozyme (1975)

A computer search of available protein sequences and structures suggests that bacteriophage T4 lysozyme contains one region and that rabbit myosin light chains contain three regions similar, and supposedly homologous, to the calcium binding region of carp muscle calcium binding parvalbumin.
A 3-D vertical Hall magnetic field sensor in CMOS technology (2002)

A novel silicon sensor capable of detecting all three magnetic-field components is presented. The device is based on a vertical Hall structure and has been designed and fabricated in a standard 2 mu m CMOS process. Furthermore, a second test structure was implemented by introducing slight changes to the initial design in order to investigate the possibility of increasing device sensitivity. The results show a linear response to magnetic field in the x-, y-, and z-directions for both devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Particle discriminator interface for nanoflow ESI-MS (2003)

An atmosphere to vacuum interface was designed to exploit the different mobility and momentum characteristics of ions, and charged and neutral particles in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The purpose of this device is to transmit with high efficiency the ions created at atmospheric pressure into the mass analyzer and to deflect the large charged and neutral particles prior to entrance into the vacuum system, thereby maintaining system cleanliness and stability. This interface is particularly suitable for low flow rate electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry where the close proximity of the electrospray emitters to the vacuum entrance, and near total consumption of the entire spray, leads to the production of large quantities of non-desolvated droplets and large charged and neutral particles. The improvement involves the application of potential gradients to a particle discriminator space located between the gas restricting ion entrance orifice of the mass spectrometer and the exit of a heated laminar flow chamber to divert large particles from the gas conductance limiting orifice. A counter-current flow of drying gas is used to deflect neutral particles and solvent vapor. Two stages of desolvation are achieved with the combined effects of the curtain gas and heated laminar flow chamber. This enhances the efficiency of desolvation and ion production, and stabilizes the resulting ion current under a wide variety of solvent compositions. In addition, this system eliminates the problems associated with the boiling of solution in nanospray tips when operated in close proximity to a heated mass spectrometer inlet. The particle discriminator interface gives approximately a 2-fold improvement in ion count rates, and a 3-fold improvement in stability (as measured by the signal relative standard deviation).
Three Interesting Instances of Rocking (1955)

(1) Two equal thin circular rings are firmly jointed together at one point so that their planes are inclined to each other. The combination is placed on a rough horizontal plane and made to rock to-and-fro. The period is calculated and confirmed by experiment. Repetition is made with jointed disks. (2a) A right solid cone is suspended by the vertex from a fixed point on a rough vertical plane. It is made to rock through small oscillations. The period is calculated and confirmed by experiment. (2b) A right solid cone results in equilibrium on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal. It is set rocking and the period calculated and confirmed by experiment. Repetition is performed with a thin conical shell. (3) A thin circular ring is placed standing on a rough horizontal plane and leaning against a rough vertical wall. It is set rocking to-and-fro and the period calculated and confirmed by experiment. Repetition is made with leaning disks and wide bands. Variants of (3) are also performed.
Phenotypic flexibility as a measure of health: the optimal nutritional stress response test (2015)

Nutrition research is struggling to demonstrate beneficial health effects, since nutritional effects are often subtle and long term. Health has been redefined as the ability of our body to cope with daily-life challenges. Physiology acts as a well-orchestrated machinery to adapt to the continuously changing environment. We term this adaptive capacity "phenotypic flexibility." The phenotypic flexibility concept implies that health can be measured by the ability to adapt to conditions of temporary stress, such as physical exercise, infections or mental stress, in a healthy manner. This may offer a more sensitive way to assess changes in health status of healthy subjects. Here, we performed a systematic review of 61 studies applying different nutritional stress tests to quantify health and nutritional health effects, with the objective to define an optimal nutritional stress test that has the potential to be adopted as the golden standard in nutrition research. To acknowledge the multi-target role of nutrition, a relevant subset of 50 processes that govern optimal health, with high relevance to diet, was used to define phenotypic flexibility. Subsequently, we assessed the response of biomarkers related to this subset of processes to the different challenge tests. Based on the obtained insights, we propose a nutritional stress test composed of a high-fat, high-caloric drink, containing 60 g palm olein, 75 g glucose and 20 g dairy protein in a total volume of 400 ml. The use of such a standardized nutritional challenge test in intervention studies is expected to demonstrate subtle improvements of phenotypic flexibility, thereby enabling substantiation of nutritional health effects.
Mechanisms of Desflurane-induced Preconditioning in Isolated Human Right Atria In Vitro  (2002)

In vitro, desflurane preconditions human myocardium against simulated ischemia through activation of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels, adenosine A1 receptor, and alpha and beta adrenoceptors.
"Restoratively driven papilla regeneration: correcting the dreaded 'black triangle'". (2008)

Until now there were very few dedicated tools or techniques for restoratively driven papilla regeneration. Previous attempts at both diastema closure and papilla regeneration using direct composites often ended with significant compromise in periodontal health. The interdental papilla serves as both an esthetic and functional asset, and anatomically ideal interproximal composite shapes can serve as a predictable scaffold to regain this valuable gingival architecture. The reader is strongly cautioned that to attempt this elective procedure using no magnification and without appropriate materials may not be in the patient's best interest, and that non treatment or referral is recommended. This extremely rounded, injection molded composite filling technique is new. Once again, technological advancements allow changes to perform techniques that were previously unthinkable. Slowly, the profession will change their thought patterns, retrain their hands and minds, and allow this substantial clinical evolution in restorative dentistry.