gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time vehicle following through a novel symmetry-based approach (2002)

This paper describes a novel approach to real-time vehicle following. A scheme, called "symmetry axis detection and filtering based on symmetry constraints", is proposed and has been implemented. This scheme incorporates many elements of our research efforts in sensor-based control of mobile robots and manipulators. The proposed algorithm detects and tracks the rear portion of the exterior of a leading vehicle via a camera mounted on a vehicle that belongs to a platoon. Our scheme uses the symmetry property of the shape of most vehicles. In particular, our technique takes advantage of the stable contour symmetry instead of the intensity symmetry. An algorithm that employs a voting technique is proposed in order to detect the vertical symmetry axis of the leading vehicle. A filtering method based on symmetry constraints is performed to eliminate the pixels which do not contribute to the leading vehicle's contour. As a result of the filtering, a distinct symmetric contour is obtained. Robustness and real-time performance of the symmetry-based scheme are greatly enhanced by using an adaptive processing window, the local symmetry properties, and a filtering procedure.
Influence of the watermark in immersion lithography process (2005)

In the liquid immersion lithography, uses of the cover material (C/M) films were discussed to reduce elution of resist components to fluid. With fluctuation of exposure tool or resist process, it is possible to remain of waterdrop on the wafer and watermark (W/M) will be made. The investigation of influence of the W/M on resist patterns, formation process of W/M, and reduction of pattern defect due to W/M will be discussed. Resist patterns within and around the intentionally made W/M were observed in three cases, which were without C/M, TOK TSP-3A and alkali-soluble C/M. In all C/M cases, pattern defect were T-topped shapes. Reduction of pattern defects due to waterdrop was examined. It was found that remained waterdrop made defect. It should be required to remove waterdrop before drying, and/or to remove the defect due to waterdrop. But new dry technique and/or unit will be need for making no W/M. It was examined that the observation of waterdrop through the drying step and simulative reproduction of experiment in order to understand the formation mechanism of W/M. If maximum drying time of waterdrop using immersion exposure tool is estimated 90 seconds, the watermark of which volume and diameter are less than 0.02 uL and 350um will be dried and will make pattern defect. The threshold will be large with wafer speed become faster. From result and speculations in this work, it is considered that it will be difficult to development C/M as single film, which makes no pattern defects due to remained waterdrop.
LIME AND FLY ASH PROPORTIONS IN SOIL, LIME AND FLY ASH MIXTURES, AND SOME ASPECTS OF SOIL LIME STABILIZATION (1962)

THE MAIN OBJECTS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS WERE TO FIND A POSSIBLE BEST RATIO OF LIME TO FLY ASH AND THE OPTIMUM AMOUNT OF THE LIME AND FLY ASH ADMIXTURE FOR STABILIZING VARIOUS TEXTURED SOILS, TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF LIME CONTENT AND CURING PERIOD ON THE STRENGTH OF SOIL AND LIME MIXTURES, AND TO COMPARE THE STRENGTHS OF SOILS TREATED WITH LIME, LIME AND FLY ASH, OR CEMENT. FOUR SOILS WERE USED: DUNE SAND, FRIABLE LOESS, ALLUVIAL CLAY, AND GUMBOTIL. FOUR LIMES (A CALCITIC HYDRATED AND THREE DOLOMITIC MONOHYDRATED) AND EIGHT FLY ASHES WERE TRIED. SEVEN-DAY AND 28-DAY CURING PERIODS WERE USED WITH SOIL, LIME, AND FLY ASH MIXTURES, AND AND STRENGTH CONTOUR LINES FOR 28-DAY RESULTS ARE PRESENTED. NINETY-DAY CURING WAS ALSO USED WITH SOIL-LIME MIXTURES. MOISTURE-DENSITY AND MOISTURE-STRENGTH RELATIONSHIPS OF SOIL -LIME MIXTURES ARE COMPARED. THE BEST RATIO OF LIME TO FLY ASH AND THE OPTIMUM AMOUNT OF LIME AND FLY ASH WERE FOUND TO DEPEND ON THE KIND OF LIME, FLY ASH, AND SOIL USED. RECOMMENDED AMOUNTS OF LIME AND FLY ASH FOR STABILIZING THE DIFFERENT SOILS ARE GIVEN. DATA ARE PRESENTED TO SHOW THE INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF LIME AND KIND OF FLY ASH ON THE UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF STABILIZED SOILS. A DURABILITY EVALUATION OF SELECTED SOIL-LIME-FLY ASH AND SOIL CEMENT MIXTURES BY THE IOWA FREEZE-THAW TEST IS PRESENTED. THE OPTIMUM AMOUNT OF LIME FOR STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT INCREASES WITH LENGTH OF CURING MIXTURES OF SOIL AND LIME. DOLOMITIC MONOHYDRATE LIME PROVED TO BE BETTER THAN CALCITIC HYDRATED LIME, ALTHOUGH THE CALCITIC LIME MAY BE MORE BENEFICIAL IN THE ADDITIONS OF SMALL AMOUNTS. ADDITIONS OF LIME TO SUCH CLAYEY SOILS AS GUMBOTIL AND ALLUVIAL CLAY MODIFY THE LUBRICATION EFFECT OF WATER WHEN THE MIXTURES OF SOIL AND LIME ARE COMPACTED, AND THE MIXTURES MAY NOT HAVE A WELL-DEFINED OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT. /AUTHOR/
Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness in the US Vaccination Program: A Review (2008)

Varicella vaccine (Varivax, Merck) has been available in the United States since 1995. We reviewed published results of postlicensure studies of vaccine effectiveness. Among 19 studies, 17 reported on the effectiveness of vaccine received before exposure, and 2 reported on effectiveness after exposure. Studies used retrospective and prospective cohort, case-control, and secondary attack rate (household contact) designs. The majority of estimates assessed protection against clinically diagnosed varicella. One dose of varicella vaccine was 84.5% effective (median; range, 44%-100%) in preventing all varicella and 100% effective (mean and median) in preventing severe varicella. When administered after exposure, varicella vaccine was highly effective in preventing or modifying varicella. Although 1 dose of varicella vaccine has provided excellent protection, a higher degree of effectiveness is needed in order to interrupt transmission and to prevent outbreaks in settings with high contact rates. Monitoring the effectiveness of the newly recommended 2-dose childhood vaccine schedule for varicella vaccine is a priority.
A Fully Decoupled <i>LC</i> Tank VCO Topology for Amplitude Boosted Low Phase Noise Operation (2018)

This paper describes a general technique for reducing oscillator phase noise in LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Phase noise is reduced using a circuit topology that decouples the LC tank from the active devices using capacitive transformers, thereby achieving a higher amplitude of oscillation not limited by the transistor breakdown voltage. Moreover, the proposed VCO topology reduces active device noise injection into the tank by further improving phase noise. As proof of concept, two VCOs operating at 16-19 GHz and 31.8-39.6 GHz, respectively, are implemented in the Global Foundries (GF) 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS 8HP technology ( f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /fMAX of 200/280 GHz). The lower frequency VCO achieves a phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from a 17-GHz carrier while the higher frequency VCO achieves a phase noise of -103.2 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from a 36-GHz carrier. The higher frequency VCO was also implemented in a second, more advanced GF 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS 8XP technology ( f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> of 260/320 GHz), yielding a further average phase noise improvement of 1.9 dB over the 8HP version.
Efficient Pneumonia Detection in Chest Xray Images Using Deep Transfer Learning (2020)

Pneumonia causes the death of around 700,000 children every year and affects 7% of the global population. Chest X-rays are primarily used for the diagnosis of this disease. However, even for a trained radiologist, it is a challenging task to examine chest X-rays. There is a need to improve the diagnosis accuracy. In this work, an efficient model for the detection of pneumonia trained on digital chest X-ray images is proposed, which could aid the radiologists in their decision making process. A novel approach based on a weighted classifier is introduced, which combines the weighted predictions from the state-of-the-art deep learning models such as ResNet18, Xception, InceptionV3, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV3 in an optimal way. This approach is a supervised learning approach in which the network predicts the result based on the quality of the dataset used. Transfer learning is used to fine-tune the deep learning models to obtain higher training and validation accuracy. Partial data augmentation techniques are employed to increase the training dataset in a balanced way. The proposed weighted classifier is able to outperform all the individual models. Finally, the model is evaluated, not only in terms of test accuracy, but also in the AUC score. The final proposed weighted classifier model is able to achieve a test accuracy of 98.43% and an AUC score of 99.76 on the unseen data from the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center pneumonia dataset. Hence, the proposed model can be used for a quick diagnosis of pneumonia and can aid the radiologists in the diagnosis process.
Generation and characterization of IL-2-activated veto cells (1992)

The regulation of in vivo cytolytic response is important in a model of murine graft-vs-host disease induced by the injection of parental splenocytes into unirradiated B6D2F1 recipients. Injection of C57BL/6J spleen cells into B6D2F1 recipients results in an acute form of graft-vs-host disease that is characterized by the presence of CTL and suppressor cells, runting, and occasionally death. In contrast, injection of DBA/2J spleen cells into B6D2F1 recipients results in a chronic form of graft-vs-host disease that is characterized by the lack of in vivo CTL and hyperproduction of Ig and autoantibodies that results in an SLE-like syndrome. One reason for the lack of donor antirecipient CTL after injection of DBA/2J donor cells is that B6D2F1 recipient cells functionally inactivate the donor DBA/2J CTL precursor cells by expressing veto activity. These B6D2F1 veto cells are radiosensitive, inhibited by anti-CD8 antibodies, found primarily in lymph nodes, and were further characterized by testing the response of these inhibitory cells to lymphokines. These studies indicate that IL-2 can potentiate the activity of the veto cells induced in vivo and veto cells with a similar phenotype can be generated by in vitro incubation of naive lymph node cells with IL-2. These cells have been designated as IL-2-activated veto cells or LAV cells. IL-2 did not increase inhibitory activity by increasing the number of CD8+ cells or the number of CD8 molecules on the LAV cell surface but by altering the activation state of the LAV cell. The inhibitory capabilities of antibodies binding various cell surface molecules indicated that CD2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 molecules in addition to CD8 molecules played a role in the function of LAV cells.
Trends in Parts Susceptibility to Single Event Upset from Heavy Ions (1985)

New test data from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), The Aerospace Corporation, Rockwell International (Anaheim) and IRT have been combined with published data of JPL [1,2] and Aerospace [3] to form a nearly comprehensive body of single event upset (SEU) test data for heavy ion irradiations. This data has been arranged to exhibit the SEU susceptibility of devices by function, technology and manufacturer. Clear trends emerge which should be useful in predicting future device performance.
Drosophila Dystroglycan is a target of O-mannosyltransferase activity of two protein O-mannosyltransferases, Rotated Abdomen and Twisted (2009)

Recent studies highlighted an emerging possibility of using Drosophila as a model system for investigating the mechanisms of human congenital muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies, resulting from the abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan. Several of these diseases are associated with defects in O-mannosylation, one of the most prominent types of alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation mediated by two protein O-mannosyltransferases. Drosophila appears to possess homologs of all essential components of the mammalian dystroglycan-mediated pathway; however, the glycosylation of Drosophila Dystroglycan (DG) has not yet been explored. In this study, we characterized the glycosylation of Drosophila DG using a combination of glycosidase treatments, lectin blots, trypsin digestion, and mass spectrometry analyses. Our results demonstrated that DG extracellular domain is O-mannosylated in vivo. We found that the concurrent in vivo activity of the two Drosophila protein O-mannosyltransferases, Rotated Abdomen and Twisted, is required for O-mannosylation of DG. While our experiments unambiguously determined some O-mannose sites far outside of the mucin-type domain of DG, they also provided evidence that DG bears a significant amount of O-mannosylation within its central region including the mucin-type domain, and that O-mannose can compete with O-GalNAc glycosylation of DG. We found that Rotated Abdomen and Twisted could potentiate in vivo the dominant-negative effect of DG extracellular domain expression on crossvein development, which suggests that O-mannosylation can modulate the ligand-binding activity of DG. Taken together these results demonstrated that O-mannosylation of Dystroglycan is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism conserved between Drosophila and humans, suggesting that Drosophila can be a suitable model system for studying molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying human dystroglycanopathies.
General purpose computing on low-power embedded GPUs: Has it come of age? (2013)

In this paper we evaluate the promise held by low-power GPUs for non-graphic workloads that arise in embedded systems. Towards this, we map and implement 5 benchmarks, that find utility in very different application domains, to an embedded GPU. Our results show that apart from accelerated performance, embedded GPUs are promising also because of their energy efficiency which is an important design goal for battery-driven mobile devices. We show that adopting the same optimization strategies as those used for programming high-end GPUs might lead to worse performance on embedded GPUs. This is due to restricted features of embedded GPUs, such as, limited or no user-defined memory, small instruction-set, limited number of registers, among others. We propose techniques to overcome such challenges, e.g., by distributing the workload between GPUs and multi-core CPUs, similar to the spirit of heterogeneous computation.
Synthetic hybrids of six yeast species (2020)

Allopolyploidy generates diversity by increasing the number of copies and sources of chromosomes. Many of the best-known evolutionary radiations, crops, and industrial organisms are ancient or recent allopolyploids. Allopolyploidy promotes differentiation and facilitates adaptation to new environments, but the tools to test its limits are lacking. Here we develop an iterative method of Hybrid Production (iHyPr) to combine the genomes of multiple budding yeast species, generating Saccharomyces allopolyploids of at least six species. When making synthetic hybrids, chromosomal instability and cell size increase dramatically as additional copies of the genome are added. The six-species hybrids initially grow slowly, but they rapidly regain fitness and adapt, even as they retain traits from multiple species. These new synthetic yeast hybrids and the iHyPr method have potential applications for the study of polyploidy, genome stability, chromosome segregation, and bioenergy.
Exploring How Interactive Technology Enhances Gesture-Based Expression and Engagement: A Design Study (2019)

The interpretation and understanding of physical gestures play a significant role in various forms of art. Interactive technology and digital devices offer a plethora of opportunities for personal gesture-based experience and they assist in the creation of collaborative artwork. In this study, three prototypes for use with different digital devices (digital camera, PC camera, and Kinect) were designed. Subsequently, a series of workshops were conducted and in-depth interviews with participants from different cultural and occupational backgrounds. The latter were designed to explore how to specifically design personalised gesture-based expressions and how to engage the creativity of the participants in their gesture-based experiences. The findings indicated that, in terms of gesture-based interaction, the participants preferred to engage with the visual traces that were displayed at specific timings in multi-experience spaces. Their gesture-based interactions could effectively support non-verbal emotional expression. In addition, the participants were shown to be strongly inclined to combine their personal stories and emotions into their own gesture-based artworks. Based on the participants’ different cultural and occupational backgrounds, their artistic creation could be spontaneously formed.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Textual Features and Multiple Kernel Learning for Utterance-level Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (2015)

We present a novel way of extracting features from short texts, based on the activation values of an inner layer of a deep convolutional neural network. We use the extracted features in multimodal sentiment analysis of short video clips representing one sentence each. We use the combined feature vectors of textual, visual, and audio modalities to train a classifier based on multiple kernel learning, which is known to be good at heterogeneous data. We obtain 14% performance improvement over the state of the art and present a parallelizable decision-level data fusion method, which is much faster, though slightly less accurate.
Super Parsing:Sentiment Classification with Review Extraction (2005)

This paper describes the sentiment classification with review extraction. Whole process can be illustrated logically as: (1) extract the review expressions on specific subjects and attach sentiment tag and weight to each expression; (2) calculate the sentiment indicator of each tag by accumulating the weights of all the expression with the corresponding tag; (3) given the indicators on different tags, use a classifier to predict the sentiment label of the text. A system approximate text analysis (ATA) is used for review extraction in stage 1. It follows the idea of super parsing, which enables non-adjacent constituents to be merged to deduce a new one. To traverse the valid constituent combinations in super parsing, an algorithm named candidate list algorithm (CLA) is proposed. Then the performance of three kinds of classifiers (a simple linear classifier, SVM and decision tree) in stage 3 is studied. The experiments on on-line documents show that the SVM algorithm achieves the best performance
1,4-Dihydropyridine Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry, The Story So Far And Perspectives (Part 2): Action in Other Targets and Antitargets (2012)

1,4-Dihydropyridines were introduced in the last century for the treatment of coronary diseases. Then medicinal chemists decorated the 1,4-DHP nucleus, the most studied scaffold among L-type calcium channel blockers, achieving diverse activities at several receptors, channels and enzymes. We already described (Ioan et al. Curr. Med. Chem. 2011, 18, 4901-4922) the effects of 1,4-DHPs at ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors. In this paper we continue the analysis of the wide range of biological effects exerted by compounds belonging to this chemical class. In particular, focus is given to the ability of 1,4-DHPs to revert multi drug resistance that, after over 20 years of research, continues to be of great interest. We also describe activities on other targets and the action of 1,4-DHPs against several diseases. Finally, we report and review the interaction of 1,4-DHPs with the hERG channel, transporters and phase I metabolizing enzymes. This work is a starting point for further exploration of the 1,4-DHP core activities on targets, off-targets and antitargets.
Indoor Positioning Using a Mobile Phone with an Integrated Accelerometer and Digital Compass (2010)

Abstract. Although location based applications have been gaining popularity, most positioning devices do not work when in an indoor environment, hindering the development of indoor location based applications. In this paper we propose a technique, based on the detection of footsteps, and the direction in which they were taken by the user, to be able to calculate the position of the user inside a building. We use information about the buildings floor plan to create a graph that can be used to improve the accuracy of the system.
A dual color basis tunable color EL device employing ZnS:Tb, F/ZnS:Mn stacked phosphor layers with color filters (1993)

A tunable color thin-film electroluminescent (EL) device having a stacked structure of ZnS:Tb, F/ZnS:Mn with red and green colored filters was developed. The obtained red and green emissions have high enough luminance to be considered as a practical tunable color display panel, though the color tone of the green emission approaches yellow-green. It was confirmed that varying the color between red and green can be easily done by changing the filters and applied voltage. This device should be useful for a wide variety of applications in such fields as active information display systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heterogeneity in the Development of Apoptosis in Irradiated Murine Tumours of Different Histologies (1993)

Fifteen different murine tumours were evaluated with respect to the degree of apoptosis development that occurs in the tumour tissue in the first few hours following irradiation in vivo. Animals were killed at 3 or 6 h following irradiation with 0, 2.5, 10 or 25 Gy. Apoptosis was scored as percent aberrant nuclei by microscopic examination of histological sections made from the tumour specimens. Results showed that three of four mammary adenocarcinomas, one ovarian adenocarcinoma, and one lymphoma displayed at least 10% apoptotic cells after 25 Gy, whereas five sarcomas, three squamous cell carcinomas, and a hepatocarcinoma did not. The time courses and dose responses were similar in those tumours that responded. These data were compared with the known response of these same tumours when analysed using conventional assays. The tumours that did respond by significant apoptosis had longer specific growth delays and lower TCD50 (dose to cure 50% of animals) doses, thus suggesting that an acute apoptotic response following irradiation may be a feature of certain tumours that respond well to irradiation. Additionally, this analysis revealed heterogeneity in the apoptotic response both within an individual tumour specimen and among different tumour types. These observations of intra and intertumour heterogeneity are consistent with the idea that the propensity for apoptosis in tumours is genetically regulated.
Chromatin “Prepattern” and Histone Modifiers in a Fate Choice for Liver and Pancreas (2011)

Transcriptionally silent genes can be marked by histone modifications and regulatory proteins that indicate the genes' potential to be activated. Such marks have been identified in pluripotent cells, but it is unknown how such marks occur in descendant, multipotent embryonic cells that have restricted cell fate choices. We isolated mouse embryonic endoderm cells and assessed histone modifications at regulatory elements of silent genes that are activated upon liver or pancreas fate choices. We found that the liver and pancreas elements have distinct chromatin patterns. Furthermore, the histone acetyltransferase P300, recruited via bone morphogenetic protein signaling, and the histone methyltransferase Ezh2 have modulatory roles in the fate choice. These studies reveal a functional "prepattern" of chromatin states within multipotent progenitors and potential targets to modulate cell fate induction.