gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectrally and angularly selective photothermal and photovoltaic converters under one-sun illumination (2005)

The efficiency of both photothermal and photovoltaic (PV) converters may be increased if their emittance is strongly forward-peaked. This technology was recently proposed for photothermal converters by Blanco et al (2004 Solar Energy 76 683). Ideal angularly and spectrally selective surfaces were defined in this paper. Optimization procedures for appropriately defined spectral and angular quantities were developed to maximize solar energy conversion efficiency. The optimization procedure for photothermal conversion is similar but formally simpler than that used by Blanco et al. The optimization procedure and the results shown here for PV conversion are new. The potential of the proposed technology to increase conversion efficiency is more important in the case of photothermal conversion (maximum possible increase of efficiency is about 0.3) than in the case of PV conversion (possible increase is about 0.1). This potential is weakly dependent on the irreversibilities inside both types of solar converters.
Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation for Digital Signage Considering Head Pose (2015)

Digital signage often uses a large display with the camera placed on the outer frame and set with a wide angle to capture the face of the viewer. In some cases the viewer's iris is obstructed due to the gaze position of the viewer. In this study, we present an appearance-based gaze estimation method that can be used for digital signage even when the iris is not fully visible. The proposed approach uses the angle of the head and the image of the eye area as features for a neural network machine learning algorithm. Our subject experiments confirm that we achieve accurate focus-point gaze estimation.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of THF by Aryloxo-Modified (Imido)vanadium(V)-alkyl Complexes and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization by Highly Active V(CHSiMe<sub>3</sub>)(NAd)(OC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)(PMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Ring-opening polymerizations of THF using V(NR)(CH2SiMe3)(OAr)2 [R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, 1-adamantyl (Ad), Ph; Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3, C6F5] proceeded in a living manner in the presence of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], affording high molecular weight polymers with low PDI (Mw/Mn) values: the observed activity (initiation efficiency) was affected by the arylimido and aryloxo ligands employed. A new vanadium(V)-alkylidene, V(CHSiMe3)(NAd)(OC6F5)(PMe3)2, prepared from V(NAd)(CH2SiMe3)2(OC6F5) by α-hydrogen elimination in n-hexane in the presence of PMe3 at 25 °C, exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene: the activity at 25 °C was higher than those by the reported vanadium(V)-alkylidenes and ordinary Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2-C6H3)(OtBu)2.
A new class of nontoxic nanoparticle tags based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (2007)

The advance of nanotechnology has boosted the development of ultra-sensitive biosensors for biomedical applications. Most recently, optical detection based biosensors have been demonstrated in medical imaging and diagnosis employing nanocrystals such as fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) and plasmon resonant metal nanoparticles to achieve femto-molar detection. An intriguing but far less explored approach for biological diagnostics relies on an emerging ultrasensitive technology -- surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. We have developed a stable SERS nano-tag by grafting hydrophilic polymer to gold nanoparticle-dye molecule complexes to preserve the spectral signature and fully control the aggregation states. The light-emitting power and scattered light of both QDs and SERS nano-tags have been recorded under the same experimental conditions using dark field microscope, fluorometer, and Raman instrument. A comparison in brightness, sensitivity level, and quantum efficiency between SERS nano-tags and near infrared (NIR) QDs has been assessed on both bulk colloidal solution and single particle measurements. Well-designed SERS nano-tags exhibit excellent advantages over NIR QDs.
An alpha plotter for point-contact transistors (1954)

A test set for showing a plot of alpha versus emitter current on an oscilloscope is described. It is useful in the application of point-contact transistors in large-signal switching circuits.
The Importance of Parathyroid Hormone in Inhibition of Collagen Synthesis and Mitogenesis of Osteoblastic Cell1 (1989)

Loss of bone substance is a common manifestation of hyperparathyroidism. This suggests that parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays an important role as to bone mass. To investigate the mechanism underlying this change in bone mass, I studied the effects of PTH on collagen synthesis and mitogenesis of UMR-106 rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. PTH inhibits the mitogenesis of UMR-106 rat osteosarcoma cells, the half-maximal concentration being 10(-8) to 10(-7) M, which is similar to the EC50 for cyclic AMP accumulation. Cyclic AMP, whose intracellular concentration was increased by PTH, plays a role in the modulation of mitogenesis, as shown by the comparable inhibitory effects of 8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic AMP (10(-4) M), forskolin (10(-7) M), and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX (10(-5) M). PTH, in a similar concentration range, directly inhibited collagen synthesis. Concurrent with the suppression of collagen synthesis, the amounts of a1(I) and a2(I) collagen mRNA decreased proportionately. The results show that PTH modulates collagen synthesis at the transcriptional level. I concluded that parathyroid hormone inhibits the mitogenesis of osteoblasts as well as collagen synthesis by these cells. The decreases in the number of osteoblasts and the amount of collagen synthesis contribute to the loss of bone substance in hyperparathyroidism.
셰이머스 딘의 『어둠 속 읽기』에 감춰진 문학의 정치 (2019)

On the surface, Reading in the Dark looks like a memoir or autobiography of an anonymous speaker narrating his family history through chasing the truth of his eldest uncle Eddie’s death. However, this style is a kind of a political fiction which hides the political intention of the writer, Seamus Deane; the style makes readers realize the fact that British colonialism is a fundamental cause of silence, tragedy, and death in an Irish Catholic community in Derry, Northern Ireland. First person narrator plays a role in causing that optical illusion for readers and critics to misunderstand this book as a non-political one. To avoid that kind of illusion, we should not only analyze this book itself, but also consider the role of the writer of this book, who gives clues which help us discover a hidden or veiled function of the book.
The hidden function of Reading in the Dark is a propaganda for Irish Catholics’ reality in Northern Ireland and justification of this ethnic group’s resistance against British colonialism like the IRA. Deane, a poet, a literary critic, and one of Irish Catholics from Northern Ireland, has been trying to build the identity of Ireland based on Irish nationalism. His main concern is the independence of Ireland from British colonialism and the reunification between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. To achieve this, he uses Irish literature to identify who the Irish are and what Irish literature is. In addition, it is a tool to give an Irish Catholic common group memory and strongly criticize revisionism as a cause of weakening Irish nationalism. The first person narrator in Reading in the Dark tries to make readers witness lots of tragic happenings caused by British colonialism among Irish Catholics through his narration, for they would probably empathize the Irish’s present through this planned meeting at least. Thus, Reading in the Dark is a work that hides a political function Deane wants to get from Irish literature.
Power junction FETs (JFETs) for very low-voltage applications (2005)

Recent power JFETs pose several significant advantages, compared to MOSFET. Advantages include lower RdonxCin figure of merit, simplicity in fabrication, immunity to electro-static discharge damages and absence of body diodes. Evaluation results show that JFETs can be attractive contenders for very low-voltage applications, especially in a case where normally-on characteristic is not a problem.
DNA methylation presents distinct binding sites for human transcription factors (2013)

DNA methylation, especially CpG methylation at promoter regions, has been generally considered as a potent epigenetic modification that prohibits transcription factor (TF) recruitment, resulting in transcription suppression. Here, we used a protein microarray-based approach to systematically survey the entire human TF family and found numerous purified TFs with methylated CpG (mCpG)-dependent DNA-binding activities. Interestingly, some TFs exhibit specific binding activity to methylated and unmethylated DNA motifs of distinct sequences. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we focused on Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and decoupled its mCpG- and CpG-binding activities via site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, KLF4 binds specific methylated or unmethylated motifs in human embryonic stem cells in vivo. Our study suggests that mCpG-dependent TF binding activity is a widespread phenomenon and provides a new framework to understand the role and mechanism of TFs in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00726.001.
Dos especies nuevas del género Brownea (Leguminosae-Caesapinioideae) (1995)

Se nominan, describen e ilustran dos nuevas especies del género Brownea Jacq., Brownea enrlell y B. santanderensis que se encuentran en la cordillera oriental de los Andes Colombianos.
Holographic display system for dynamic synthesis of 3D light fields with increased space bandwidth product (2016)

We present a new method for the generation of a dynamic wave field with high space bandwidth product (SBP). The dynamic wave field is generated from several wave fields diffracted by a display which comprises multiple spatial light modulators (SLMs) each having a comparably low SBP. In contrast to similar approaches in stereoscopy, we describe how the independently generated wave fields can be coherently superposed. A major benefit of the scheme is that the display system may be extended to provide an even larger display. A compact experimental configuration which is composed of four phase-only SLMs to realize the coherent combination of independent wave fields is presented. Effects of important technical parameters of the display system on the wave field generated across the observation plane are investigated. These effects include, e.g., the tilt of the individual SLM and the gap between the active areas of multiple SLMs. As an example of application, holographic reconstruction of a 3D object with parallax effects is demonstrated.
The Relationship between Memory, Suggestibility and Hypnotic Responsivity (1996)

This study investigated the relationship between resistance to misleading information and performance on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:A), and examined the impact of obtrusive observation on subjects' hypnotic responsivity, memory, and resistance to misleading information. Eighty-five college students were administered the HGSHS:A in its standard form. Three additional bogus items were added to the HGSHS:A response booklet asking subjects to report whether they responded to suggestions that were not actually offered during the procedures. The endorsement of these items was used as an index of resistance to misleading information (suggestibility) for events occurring during hypnosis. Participants were also given a series of misleading questions related to events that occurred prior to the induction. Results indicated that performance on the HGSHS:A was not related to resistance to misleading information for events occurring during hypnosis or for events that occurred prior to the induction. As predicted, resistance to misleading information was consistent for subjects across the waking and hypnotic contexts. Also as predicted, being observed during the hypnotic procedures was related to lower scoring on the HGSHS:A.
The role of airfoil geometry in minimizing the effect of insect contamination of laminar flow sections (1984)

A method has been developed to predict the contamination of an airfoil by insects and the resultant performance penalty. Insect aerodynamics have been modeled and the impingement of insects on an airfoil are solved by calculating their trajectories. Upon impact, insect rupture and the resulting height of the debris is determined based on experimental data. A boundary layer analysis is performed to determine which insects cause boundary layer transition and the resultant drag penalty. A contaminated airfoil figure of merit is presented to be used to compare airfoil susceptibility. Results show that the insect contamination effects depend on accretion conditions, airfoil angle of attack and Reynolds number. The importance of the stagnation region to designing airfoils for minimum drag penalties is discussed.
Extremely efficient DC-free RLL codes for optical recording (2001)

We report on new DC-free runlength-limited codes (DCRLL) intended for the next generation of DVD. The efficiency of the newly developed DCRLL schemes is extremely close to the theoretical maximum, and as a result, significant density gains can be obtained with respect to prior art coding schemes.
Charge trapping correction in Ge spectrometers (1989)

A charge-trapping model is developed which does not require the assumption of shallow-level detrapping. The model shows the charge-trapping deficit to be proportional to S/sub 0/t/sup N/, where S/sub 0/ is the peak amplitude of the shaping amplifier pulse, t is the charge collection time for the carrier being trapped, and 1.5<N<3 for most practical cases. A class of circuits to correct for charge trapping was developed and tested; the results were used to evaluate the main features of the model. A radiation-damaged, conventional electrode detector and a reverse electrode detector, which exhibited a significant amount of deep-level, majority-carrier charge trapping, were used to evaluate the usefulness of the circuits. At the 1.33-MeV /sup 60/Co line, the uncorrected FWHM (full width at half maximum) of the radiation-damaged detector was 4.3 keV, while the N=2.3 corrected FWHM was 2.00 keV. The uncorrected FWHM of the reverse electrode detector was 2.20 keV, while the N=3 corrected FWHM was 1.84 keV. Results indicate that deep-level trapping was the dominant mechanism.<<ETX>>
Advances in targeting acquired resistance mechanisms to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2020)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of tumor samples and circulating tumor DNA has revolutionized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in lung cancer. The identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) oncogenic driver has translated into successful therapy of advanced lung cancer using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Unfortunately, responses are limited by acquired mechanisms of resistance. We review herein the current landscape of acquired resistance mechanisms to EGFR-TKI therapy and recent advances in therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired resistance.
Concentration‐Dependent Effect of Met‐Enkephalin on Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1987)

Met-enkephalin in 10(-9)-10(-7)M concentrations exerts an ADCC-stimulating effect on human PMNLs through naloxone-sensitive opiate receptors, elevating the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and cGMP levels. In higher, 10(-6)-10(-5)M concentrations ME has a cAMP-elevating effect and a rapid 45Ca2+ influx was observed. This latter effect of ME, which is also associated with the suppression of ADCC activity, was abolished by the enkephalinase inhibitor, puromycin. A strong relationship is suggested between the suppressing effect of metenkephalin, enkaphalinase and the protein kinase C system.
Iterative User Selection Scheme for MIMO Broadcast Channels in Circuit Data Scenarios (2011)

Based Dirty paper coding (DPC) is shown to achieve the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian broadcast channels (BCs). In circuit data scenarios, users demand to get service at fixed desire rate. Finding the optimal covariance matrices and order of users for maximizing user capacity requires high complexity computation. To deal with this problem, many researchers use fixed order of users and get subpar performance. In this paper we present an iterative user selection scheme that aims to maximize user capacity. The main feature of the proposed scheme is that it does not impose a fixed order on the users. Users to be served are chosen iteratively considering influence from the chosen ones. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance than similar simple schemes. In addition, a compromise between performance and complexity can be made by a candidate user set concept. Cardinality of the candidate user set is fixed and users in the set are dynamically adjusted.
Ion sources for ion machining applications (1976)

Ion sources with beam diameters of 2.5, 10, and 20 cm have been developed for ion machining applications. All three of these sources use carbon grids to minimize accelerator grid sputtering. A new starting circuit Is also employed that uses only passive components for initiation of the discharge. The two larger sources use a flat multipole chamber with multiple cathodes to generate a very uniform beam. The multipole magnetic field is integrated into the anode, which greatly reduces the required number of insulating supports.
<i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium and <i>Escherichia coli</i> Contamination of Root and Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soils with Incorporated Bovine Manure (2002)

Bovine manure, with or without added Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (three strains), was incorporated into silty clay loam (SCL) and loamy sand (LS) soil beds (53- by 114-cm surface area, 17.5 cm deep) and maintained in two controlled-environment chambers. The S. enterica serovar Typhimurium inoculum was 4 to 5 log CFU/g in manure-fertilized soil. The conditions in the two environmental chambers, each containing inoculated and uninoculated beds of manure-fertilized soil, simulated daily average Madison, Wis., weather conditions (hourly temperatures, rainfall, daylight, and humidity) for a 1 March or a 1 June manure application and subsequent vegetable growing seasons ending 9 August or 28 September, respectively. Core soil samples were taken biweekly from both inoculated and uninoculated soil beds in each chamber. Radishes, arugula, and carrots were planted in soil beds, thinned, and harvested. Soils, thinned vegetables, and harvested vegetables were analyzed for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli (indigenous in manure). After the 1 March manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected at low levels in both soils on 31 May, but not on vegetables planted 1 May and harvested 12 July from either soil. After the 1 June manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected in SCL soil on 7 September and on radishes and arugula planted in SCL soil on 15 August and harvested on 27 September. In LS soil, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium died at a similar rate (P >or= 0.05) after the 1 June manure application and was less often detected on arugula and radishes harvested from this soil compared to the SCL soil. Pathogen levels on vegetables were decreased by washing. Manure application in cool (daily average maximum temperature of <10 degrees C) spring conditions is recommended to ensure that harvested vegetables are not contaminated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Manure application under warmer (daily average maximum temperature >20 degrees C) summer conditions is not recommended when vegetable planting is done between the time of manure application and late summer. A late fall manure application will not increase the risk of contaminating vegetables planted the next spring, since further experiments showed that repeated freeze-thaw cycles were detrimental to the survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli in manure-fertilized soil. The number of indigenous E. coli in soil was never significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting its usefulness as an indicator organism for evaluating the risk of vegetable contamination with manure-borne S. enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Chemical and Electrochemical Polymerization of 3-Alkylthiophenes on Self-assembled Monolayers of Oligothiophene-Substituted Alkylsilanes (1999)

Monolayers of oligothiophene-substituted alkylsilanes, chlorodimethyl(11-(3-(2,2‘bithienyl))undecyl)silane and chlorodimethyl(11-(3‘-(2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘-terthienyl))undecyl)silane, are subject to electrochemical oxidation within the monolayer to afford more highly conjugated oligomers with lower redox potentials. The electrochemical polymerization of 3-methylthiophene is promoted by monolayers of the oligothiophene-substituted silanes on the electrode surface to form smooth, highly adherent films of poly(3-methylthiophene). The effect of monolayers of an electroactive monomer on the rate of deposition of poly(3-methylthiophene) is compared to the effect of low concentrations of oligomers in solution. Chemical polymerization of 3-octylthiophene on substrates modified with the redox-active silanes gives films of poly(3-octylthiophene) which display reversible solvatochromism without dissolving the polymer. These thin films are sensitive to low concentrations of chloroform in the vapor phase or in aqueous solution.
Preamplification techniques for real-time RT-PCR analyses of endomyocardial biopsies (2008)

In comparison to the SSRT-PreAmp, T-PreAmp enables a relatively simple workflow, and results in a robust PreAmp of multiple target genes (at least 92 gene assays as tested here) by a mean Ct improvement around 7 cycles, and in a lower inter-assay variance in RNA derived from EMBs. Preliminary analyses comparing EMBs from DCM and DCMi patients, revealing differential regulation regarding 30% of the investigated genes, confirm that T-PreAmp is a suitable tool to perform gene expression analyses in EMBs, expanding gene expression investigations with the limited RNA/cDNA amounts derived from EMBs. CDKN1B, in addition to its function as a reference gene for the calculation of PreAmp uniformity, might serve as a suitable housekeeping gene for real-time RT-PCR analyses of myocardial tissues.
Design of metamaterial surfaces with broadband absorbance (2012)

A simple design paradigm for making broadband ultrathin plasmonic absorbers is introduced. The absorber's unit cell is composed of subunits of various sizes, resulting in nearly 100% absorbance at multiple adjacent frequencies and high absorbance over a broad frequency range. A simple theoretical model for designing broadband absorbers is presented. It uses a single-resonance model to describe the optical response of each subunit and employs the series circuit model to predict the overall response. Validity of the circuit model relies on short propagation lengths of the surface plasmons.