gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Cholesterol from Milk Fat Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1989)

The ability of supercritical fluids to dissolve materials of low volatility was reported 109 yr ago. This technology has received increased attention lately because of increased energy costs, questioned use of organic solvents, and separation problems that defy solution. Supercritical fluids have enhanced solvent power as a liquid but also behave as gases with no surface tension. Selectivity of supercritical CO2 for cholesterol is a temperature-dependent and pressure-dependent phenomenon.
Firmness and melting quality of processed cheese foods with added whey protein concentrates (1993)

Processed cheese foods were prepared by replacing young Cheddar cheese solids with those of whey protein concentrates (WPC) obtained by ultrafiltration of Tilsit cheese whey. Firrnness of processed cheese foods decreased in a highly significant manner (P< 0.01), while melting quality increased in a highly significant manner ( P< 0.01) with the increase in moisture over a wide range. An increased amount of whey protein concentrates and trisodium citrate improved the firmness in a highly significant manner (P < 0.01), but had a highly significant deleterious effect (P< 0.01) on the melting quality of processed cheese foods.
Influence of tyrosine and phenylalanine limitation on cytotoxicity of chimeric TGF‐α toxins on B16Bl6 murine melanoma<i>in vitro</i> (1998)

Previous research in animals supports the use of tyrosine and phenylalanine (Tyr-Phe) restriction as an adjuvant to the treatment of cancer. In this regard, dietary restriction of Tyr-Phe specifically inhibits the growth of B16BL6 melanoma tumors, dramatically suppresses spontaneous hematogenous metastasis, and modulates the sensitivity of these tumor cells to growth factors. Two chimeric toxins, HB-TGF alpha-PE4EKDEL and TGF alpha-PE4EKDEL, were examined for their toxicity against the B16BL6 melanoma cell line, and the ability of Tyr-Phe limitation to modulate the potential of these toxins was examined. Tyr-Phe limitation significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of HB-TGF alpha-PE4EKDEL approximately 10-fold toward B16BL6 melanoma, and free heparin diminished the cytotoxicity of HB-TGF alpha-PE4EKDEL. Although TGF alpha-PE4EKDEL is cytotoxic to this cell line, Tyr-Phe limitation did not effect the cytotoxicity of this toxin. Tyr-Phe limitation inhibited the synthesis and secretion of heparin-binding proteins but did not alter the expression of surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. These data suggest that cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a target for binding and execution of the cytotoxicity of HB-TGF alpha-PE4EKDEL and that augmentation of cytotoxicity by Tyr-Phe limitation is due to the inhibition of heparin-binding protein production.
Occurrence and Spread of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus, the Causal Agent of Huanglongbing Disease of Citrus in Malaysia (2008)

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease or citrus greening disease caused by nonculturable , phloem limited bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus is one of the most destructive disease in Asian countries. The occurrence and spread of the disease and their vector, Diaphorina citri in the major citrus orchards in Peninsular Malaysia has been evaluated and confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Samples of DNA extracted from symptomatic leaves of putatively infected leaves collected from different range of citrus species were tested to PCR and TEM test. Infected samples produce amplicons with molecular weight of 1160 bp and electron micrographs of ultrathin section through a sieve tube of leaf midribs from infected leaves showing the elongated and spherical forms bodies. These results further confirming the presence of HLB disease in Malaysia.
Taurine: a critical nutrient for future fish feeds (2014)

Taurine is a sulfonic acid found in high concentrations in animal tissues. In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated the essentiality of dietary taurine for many commercially relevant species, especially marine teleosts. Consequently, the removal of taurine-rich dietary ingredients such as fishmeal may create a deficiency, of which symptoms include reduced growth and survival, increased susceptibility to diseases, and impaired larval development. These symptoms emphasize the systemic role of taurine in the animal’s physiology and provide few clues as to the underlying mechanisms of taurine function. In fact, a myriad of roles have been attributed to taurine in mammals, ranging from bile salt conjugation to membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, calcium-signaling, and neuroprotection. This review describes the current knowledge of taurine physiology and metabolism in fish and requirement levels in relevant species, and highlights possible parallels with mammalian taurine metabolism. In addition, the effects of ingredient processing and feed manufacturing on taurine bioavailability are discussed. Finally, regulatory aspects are brought to the forefront: although the supplementation of taurine will be necessary to further reduce the use of ingredients such as fishmeal, taurine is not currently approved by the FDA in the USA for fish feeds. Obtaining approval in the United States to utilize taurine in fish feeds can improve the environmental and economic sustainability of fish feeds nation-wide.
A Rapid Assay for Urinary Pteridine Levels for Monitoring Cancer. (1993)

Pteridines are normally excreted in urine by healthy normal subjects but are significantly elevated during certain disease states associated with an activated cellular immune system. A simple method for estimation of total urinary pteridines has been developed, in which a 50-fold dilution of the urine sample was made to relieve the observed quenching of the fluorescence emitted by pteridines in the undiluted sample. The reduced pteridine derivatives were oxidized with iodine to their fluorescence-emitting fully oxidized forms, followed by direct measurement of fluorescence at 450nm with excitaiton at 360nm. The estimated total urinary pteridines were expressed as μg per mg creatinine. Employing this technique, we observed highly significant differences in excretion of total urinary pteridines between cancer patients and controls. Results were found to be as informative as those obtained by the standard selective estimation of urinary neopterin after reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. This rapid test requires only a small quantity of sample and has the potential to be developed into a routine clinical method for preliminary diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients and for screening potential blood donors.
Molecular beam epitaxy of high-quality, nonstoichiometric multiple quantum wells (1996)

Multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been grown at low substrate temperatures by molecular beam epitaxy so as to incorporate excess arsenic. This excess arsenic precipitates and preferentially coarsens to the lower band gap well regions with anneal. Despite the excess arsenic, these AlAs/GaAs MQW structures exhibit sharp excitonic features that are comparable to those exhibited by stoichiometric MQW structures grown at standard temperatures. In addition to the sharp excitonic transitions, these MQWs possess ultrafast recombination lifetimes making them attractive for photorefractive, electro-optic sampling, and saturable absorption applications.
Electron beam pattern generation in thin-film organic dianhydrides (1982)

Transparent, stable, electrically insulating, crystalline thin films of two aromatic organic dianhydrides, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride C24H8O6 and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride C14H4O6, were prepared by vapor deposition. On exposure to an electron beam dose of 0.05 C cm−2 the written areas of the films appeared visually blackened and were electrically conducting. This chemical transformation was found to be both dose and current density dependent. Fine lines with widths of 1000 Å were prepared by electron exposure at just above writing threshold doses. The chemical and electrical properties of the materials formed upon e-beam treatment were found to be notably different from those of the starting anhydrides and useful for semiconductor device fabrication.
Microacoustic Sensors for Liquid Monitoring (2001)

In recent years, much effort has been expended to developing miniaturized, reliable sensors for measuring physical and chemical liquid properties. Microacoustic devices may be employed to determinate physical quantities perturbing the propagation conditions of the acoustic wave, even in liquid environments. For liquid sensors, acoustic modes with shear polarization are often used in order to avoid radiation losses. Examples are shear bulk modes, surface skimming bulk waves, shear-horizontal acoustic plate modes, and Love modes. Furthermore, modes with sagittal polarization may be applied if their phase velocity is sufficiently lower than the sound velocity in the adjacent liquid. General interactions between acoustic waves and liquids are viscous coupling, acoustoelectric effects, and mass loading. The resulting changes in device frequency and attenuation may be utilized for sensing purposes. The general advantages of microacoustic sensors are high sensitivity, simple fabrication, and quasidigital frequency readout. Hence, a wide variety of devices based on different modes for very different applications has been discussed in the relevant literature. The aim of this review is to provide a systematic overview of microacoustic sensors particularlay suited for operation in liquids. First, we provide a brief introduction to surface acoustic wave devices and the underlying physics, basic microacoustic structures, and general measurement techniques. A description of the mechanisms of interaction between liquids and acoustic waves is then followed by a comprehensive survey covering the different types of microacoustic liquid sensors, with emphasis on the mode-specific device properties. Thereafter, aspects of material selection and device fabrication are summarized. Lastly, an overview is given indicating where microacoustic liquid sensors have already been put into practice and where their application may be expected in the near future.
[Development of high-throughput polymerase chain reaction system and its performance]. (1997)

We have developed a high-throughput thermalcycler that allows reduction in reagent volume and large number of PCR amplifications. One microliter of PCR samples can be amplified on the 384-well Teflon-coated aluminum plate. Four plates can be simultaneously subjected to PCR reaction in one instrument (1536 reactions). The heated lid is continually regulated at 2-5 degrees C higher temperature than samples during PCR cycle. This enable to prevent the evaporation in small reaction volume without use of mineral oil. Also, this PCR system employs the special carbongraphite sheet showing high thermal conductivity, resulting in rapid, uniform and reproducible amplification. Furthermore, all system including temperature regulation and open-close of the lids can be automatically controlled by personal computer. The number of the machines which can be synchronously controlled in one integrated PCR system is expanded to achieve the required throughput of PCR reactions. In this paper, we demonstrate that this instrument greatly facilitates to perform a large number of PCR reactions, to reduce the running cost and accelerates the computer-controlled PCR robotization.
Circular and linear regression: fitting circles and lines by least squares (2010)

Find the right algorithm for your image processing applicationExploring the recent achievements that have occurred since the mid-1990s, Circular and Linear Regression: Fitting Circles and Lines by Least Squares explains how to use modern algorithms to fit geometric contours (circles and circular arcs) to observed data in image processing and computer vision. The author covers all facets-geometric, statistical, and computational-of the methods. He looks at how the numerical algorithms relate to one another through underlying ideas, compares the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm, and il
Evidence for a novel cytoplasmic tRNA-protein complex containing the KH-multidomain protein vigilin (1996)

Vigilin, a protein found predominantly in cells and tissues with a high biosynthetic capacity, was isolated in its native form from human HEp-2 cells (A.T.C.C. CCL23) by immunoaffinity chromatography. Vigilin forms part of a novel ribonucleoprotein complex that also contains additional, as yet uncharacterized, proteins. Experimental evidence suggests that the nucleic acids entrapped in this complex are protected from RNase and belong to the tRNA family. Using either a pool of total human RNA or radioactively labelled tRNA (tRNAAsp**) in rebinding experiments, we could show that tRNA is selectively recaptured by the RNA-depleted vigilin-containing complex.
Using ultrasonic guided wave mode cutoff for corrosion detection and classification (2002)

Tools are developed from ultrasonic guided wave theory to be implemented in a corrosion detection and classification scheme. In particular, the concept of monitoring mode cutoff is examined for application to the detection and classification problem.
Haploporic Acid A, a Novel Dimeric Drimane Sesquiterpenoid from the Basidiomycete<i>Haploporus odorus</i> (1995)

Journal Article Haploporic Acid A, a Novel Dimeric Drimane Sesquiterpenoid from the Basidiomycete Haploporus odorus Yasufumi Morita, Yasufumi Morita Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Nagano 399–45, JapanDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Toyama National College of Technology, 13 Hongo, Toyama 939, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuo Hayashi, Yasuo Hayashi Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Nagano 399–45, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukika Sumi, Yukika Sumi Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Nagano 399–45, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akiko Kodaira, Akiko Kodaira Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Nagano 399–45, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hisao Shibata Hisao Shibata Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowamura, Nagano 399–45, Japan To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 10, 1 January 1995, Pages 2008–2009, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.2008 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Published: 01 January 1995 Received: 15 May 1995
VoIP: What is it Good for? (2004)

VoIP (voice over IP) technology is a rapidly expanding field. More and more VoIP components are being developed, while existing VoIP technology is being deployed at a rapid and still increasing pace. This growth is fueled by two goals: decreasing costs and increasing revenues.
Creating a safer environment for women (1989)

Jo Richardson discusses the recent publication of a paper aimed at cutting the safety risks that women face in their everyday lives
Immunohistochemical signal amplification by catalyzed reporter deposition and its application in double immunostaining. (1996)

The biotinyl-tyramide substrate of the horseradish peroxidase enzyme has been recently introduced to amplify immunohistochemical signals. We applied either fluorochromeor biotin-conjugated tyramine to improve the detection of different antigens in sections of rat stomach, pancreas, and hypothalamus. A ten- to 100-fold increase in staining efficiency was achieved, depending on the antibody, with either fluorescent or peroxidase detection systems. The amplification method was particularly useful for increasing a weak signal of conventional immunostaining caused by suboptimal tissue fixation. At a very low concentration of the primary antibody, the antigen can no longer be detected by a conventional fluorescent secondary antibody but is still detectable after amplification. When an antibody is used at this very low concentration and is detected by a fluorescent amplification method, another primary antibody, raised in the same host species, can be used and demonstrated with a different fluorochrome in subsequent conventional immunostaining of the same section. In this way it becomes possible to immunostain the same section with two different primary antibodies raised in the same host species. Samples for such double immunostaining are demonstrated here using pairs of monoclonal antibodies (to tyrosine hydroxylase and oxytocin) in the hypothalamus and polyclonal antibodies (to glucagon and neurofilament M) in sections of rat pancreas. Because in many cases the availability of antibodies is limited, the amplification method can be a quick and efficient tool for double immunostaining with antibodies from the same host species.
A REVIEW OF JOINT SEALANT STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR AIRCRAFT PAVEMENTS (2000)

Joint sealant materials for use in concrete pavements have been developed over the last 30 years from bitumen and coal products to corks and, more recently, high performance polymeric materials. There are many products available with a vast price range, and many foreign specifications and standards exist for their assessment. The lack of an Australian specific standard, or the endorsement of a single foreign standard, makes the selection of these materials very difficult, as the common products have not been assessed using a uniform or comparable testing regime. The result is an approach to material selection that is based on personal preference and past experience. In an attempt to overcome this predicament, the authors critically examined and compared the various Australian, British and US standards for joint sealant materials and determined that none was satisfactory for aircraft pavement joint sealants in the Australian environment. A specification for the assessment for these materials, which is based on existing specifications and previous research, has therefore been drafted. It is hoped that this draft specification can be utilised to improve the selection of joint sealant materials on a value for money basis.
Regulation of TNF mediated antiapoptotic signaling in human neutrophils: role of δ-PKC and ERK1/2 (2006)

TNF is implicated in the suppression of neutrophil apoptosis during sepsis. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in TNF-mediated antiapoptotic signaling; a role for the MAP kinases (MAPK), ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK has been suggested. Antiapoptotic signaling is mediated principally through TNF receptor-1 (TNFR-1), and the PKC isotype-delta (delta-PKC) is a critical regulator of TNFR-1 signaling. delta-PKC associates with TNFR-1 in response to TNF and is required for NFkappaB activation and inhibition of caspase 3. The role of delta-PKC in TNF-mediated activation of MAPK is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MAPK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK are involved in TNF antiapoptotic signaling and whether delta-PKC is a key regulator of MAPK activation by TNF. In human neutrophils, TNF activated both p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 principally via TNFR-1. The MEK1/2 inhibitors PD098059 and U0126, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, decreased TNF antiapoptotic signaling as measured by caspase 3 activity. A specific delta-PKC antagonist, V1.1delta-PKC-Tat peptide, inhibited TNF-mediated ERK1/2 activation, but not p38 MAPK. ERK1/2 inhibition did not alter recruitment of delta-PKC to TNFR-1, indicating delta-PKC is acting upstream of ERK1/2. In HL-60 cells differentiated to a neutrophilic phenotype, delta-PKC depletion by delta-PKC siRNA resulted in inhibition of TNF mediated ERK1/2 activation but not p38 MAPK. Thus, ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK, is an essential component of TNF-mediated antiapoptotic signaling. In human neutrophils, delta-PKC is a positive regulator of ERK1/2 activation via TNFR-1 but has no role in p38 MAPK activation.
<title>Weanling piglet cerebellum: a surrogate for tolerance to MRT (microbeam radiation therapy) in pediatric neuro-oncology</title> (2001)

The cerebellum of the weanling piglet (Yorkshire) was used as a surrogate for the radiosensitive human infant cerebellum in a Swiss-led program of experimental microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) at the ESRF. Five weanlings in a 47 day old litter of seven, and eight weanlings in a 40 day old litter of eleven were irradiated in November, 1999 and June, 2000, respectively. A 1.5 cm-wide x 1.5 xm-high array of equally space approximately equals 20-30 micrometers wide, upright microbeams spaced at 210 micrometers intervals was propagated horizontally, left to right, through the cerebella of the prone, anesthetized piglets. Skin-entrance intra-microbeam peak adsorbed doses were uniform, either 150, 300, 425, or 600 gray (Gy). Peak and inter-microbeam (valley) absorbed doses in the cerebellum were computed with the PSI version of the Monte Carlo code GEANT and benchmarked using Gafchromic and radiochromic film microdosimetry. For approximately equals 66 weeks [first litter; until euthanasia], or approximately equals 57 weeks [second litter; until July 30, 2001] after irradiation, the littermates were developmentally, behaviorally, neurologically and radiologically normal as observed and tested by experienced farmers and veterinary scientists unaware of which piglets were irradiated or sham-irradiated. Morever, MRT implemented at the ESRF with a similar array of microbeams and a uniform skin-entrance peak dose of 625 Gy, followed by immunoprophylaxis, was shown to be palliative or curative in young adult rats bearing intracerebral gliosarcomas. These observations give further credence to MRT's potential as an adjunct therapy for brain tumors in infancy, when seamless therapeutic irradiation of the brain is hazardous.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α‐induced cell proliferation and its possible regulation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in endometrial adenocarcinoma (2004)

CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) is a 110 kD membrane-bound extracellular peptidase with ubiquitous expressions, and has a variety of functional properties in the development of human malignancies as well as T-cell biology. According to recent reports, stromal cell derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), which is a good substrate for CD26/DPPIV, is expressed in various solid tumors and is involved in tumor development or metastasis. We investigated the expression of SDF-1alpha and its corresponding receptor, CXCR4, in human endometrial carcinoma (EMCA) tissues and the function of SDF-1alpha on EMCA cells with its regulation by CD26/DPPIV. We demonstrated that SDF-1alpha and CXCR4 were expressed in human EMCA, and these immunoreactivities were significantly low in Grade 3 EMCA, which was similar to that of CD26/DPPIV, compared to those in Grade 1 and Grade 2. Additionally, exogenous SDF-1alpha concentration was significantly lower in CD26/DPPIV-transfected EMCA cells than that in vector-transfected cells. Moreover, exogenous SDF-1alpha significantly stimulated cell proliferation in vector-transfected cells in a concentration dependent manner. In contrast, in CD26/DPPIV-transfected cells, there was no apparent effect on proliferation shown by the addition of exogenous SDF-1alpha. This is the first report showing a direct link between the SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 pathway with CD26/DPPIV in solid tumors, suggesting that CD26/DPPIV is likely to directly modulate various SDF-1alpha induced functions.