gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Strain Measurements using Digital Image Correlation with a Finite Element Method (2013)

This article proposes a digital image correlation (DIC) strain measurement method based on a finite element (FE) algorithm. A two-step digital image correlation is presented. In the first step, the gradient-based subpixels technique is used to search the displacements of a region of interest of the specimen, and then the strain fields are obtained by utilizing the finite element method in the second step. Both simulation and experiment processing, including tensile strain deformation, show that the proposed method can achieve nearly the same accuracy as the cubic spline interpolation method in most cases and higher accuracy in some cases, such as the simulations of uniaxial tension with and without noise. The results show that it also has a good noise-robustness. Finally, this method is used in the uniaxial tensile testing for Dahurian Larch wood specimens with or without a hole, and the obtained strain values are close to the results which were obtained from the strain gauge and the cubic spline interpolation method.
The Dominant Cutoff Wavelength of a Lunar Line (1961)

A method is presented for calculating the lowest cutoff wavelength of a new microwave transmission line, the "lunar line," which is formed by two eccentric circular metal tubes connected with a metal bar or tangential to each other. The lunar-shaped cross section is approximated by introducing a series of steps in the outer guide wall and by dividing the cross section into m fan-shape regions. Thus, the problem is reduced to one of a multiple-step waveguide and can be solved by introducing the angular parameter alpha/sub i/ for the individual regions. The radial boundary conditions require a combination of Bessel functions of noninteger order for each region. The common boundaries between regions give m integral equations that represent the total power in one region transferred into the next region. The integral equations are solved approximately by solving only the first terms of an infinite series expansion of the tangential electric field at the common boundary. The solution of the m-stepped waveguide results in a system of 2m equations containing 2m unknowns: the cutoff wave number beta/sub c/, the order of the Bessel function p/sub i/, and the angular parameter alpha/sub i/. A successive approximation method is applied to obtain the cutoff wavelength. The calculated value is in close agreement with experimental results.
Dynamic Crack Propagation Problems of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (2012)

Applying the built dynamic crack model of fibre concrete, bridging fiber segment is substituted by loads. When a crack propagates its fiber continues to break. By the approaches of the theory of complex functions, the problems dealt with can be translated into Riemann-Hilbert problems. Analytical solutions of the displacements, stresses, and dynamic stress intensity factors under the action of of moving variable loads and , respectively, are attained by the ways of self-similar measures. After those analytical solutions are utilized by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrary complex problems can be obtained.
IN VIVO LONG TERM EVALUATION OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY TRANSMISSION FOR TATALLY IMPLANTABLE ARTIFITIAL HEART (2000)

A transcutaneous energy transmission (TET) system as a unit of an electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) system was developed and evaluated in an in vivo long-term study. The TET system comprises an external primary coil, an internal secondary coil, and a rectification circuit unit. The external coil is wound around a toroidal ferrite core (22mm in inner diameter, 38mm in outer diameter, 14mm in thickness) and has 10 turns of a bundle of 30 Litz wires. The internal coil has an elliptical shape (45mm in minor axis diameter, 55mm in major axis diameter, 6mm in cross-sectional diameter) and 15 turns of the bundle. The internal coil with silicon rubber insulation was implanted in the left chest wall of a goat weighing 39 kg. The external coil was placed to interlock with and was electromagnetically coupled with the internal coil, and was driven at 100 kHz. During the initial 3 postoperative days, the output was transmitted to the control system through a percutaneous lead, and the externally placed EHTAH connected to a mock circulatory system was actuated to confirm normal operability. Subsequently, the output was continuously transmitted to the electric resistor, according to the schedule of 20W power for 23 hours, and 40W power for 1 hour, every day. In the EHTAH actuation study, the device was successfully supplied with electric power via in vivo TET system and driven normally. In the continuous energy transfer study, the TET system maintained energy transfer with 82–85% efficiency for over 4 months. The temperatures on the surface of the external and internal coils were 38.0±0.6 and 39.6±0.5 °C, respectively. In Conclusion, our TET system demonstrated sufficient performance with good stability and durability for use as the unit of EHTAH system.
Human-robot interaction using facial gesture recognition (2002)

People naturally express themselves through facial gestures and expressions. Our goal is to build a facial gesture human-computer interface for use in robot applications. We have implemented an interface that tracks a person's facial features in real time (30 Hz). Our system does not require special illumination nor facial makeup. The work is focused on real-time face tracking using dedicated hardware based on template matching. Tracking using template matching suffers from changing shade and deformation or even disappearance of facial features. By using multiple Kalman filters we accurately predict and robustly track facial features. This is despite disturbances and rapid movements of the head (including both translational and rotational motion). Since we reliably track the face in real-time we are also able to recognise motion gestures of the face. Our system can recognise a large set of gestures ranging from "yes", "no" and "may be" to detecting winks, blinks and sleeping.
Dielectric charging effects on Parylene electrostatic actuators (2003)

We report here the first characterization of dielectric charging effects on Parylene electrostatic actuators. High-resistivity Parylene in-between air gaps can cause undesirable charging effects due to air ionization when operating as electrostatic sensors/actuators at voltages as low as tens of volts. This undesirable effect can either lower the sensitivity of the sensor or increase the pull-in voltage of the actuator. It is further observed that Parylene actuators operating at high voltage could even show "bounce-back" and "pull-in voltage drift" problems. It is concluded that even for MEMS, attention must be paid to the operating voltages and the resistivity of the dielectrics.
Opusdei-integrated environment for software development and maintenance (2002)

This paper discusses an integrated software development and maintenance environment, Opusdei, built and used for the past seven years at Hitachi Software Engineering (HSK) for its various projects. Industrial software is usually large, has many versions, undergoes frequent changes, and is developed concurrently by multiple programmers. Opusdei was developed by HSK to handle the various problems that arise in such an industrial environment. In Opusdei, all information needed for development is stored using an uniform representation in a central repository, and the various documentation and views of the software artifacts can be generated automatically using the tool repository. The innovative capabilities of this tool are: (1) Uniform software artifacts representation; (2) Inter-relation and traceability maintenance among software artifacts; (3) Tools repository and integration using tool composition scenarios; (4) Automatic documentation and versioning control. Opusdei was used in various software engineering projects and was found to improve productivity to a great extent.
The learned nonuse phenomenon: implications for rehabilitation. (2006)

Research on monkeys with a single forelimb from which sensation is surgically abolished demonstrates that such animals do not use their deafferented limb even though they possess sufficient motor innervation to do so, a phenomenon labeled learned nonuse. This dissociation also occurs after neurological injury in humans. Instruments that measure these two aspects of motor function are discussed. The effects of a neurological injury may differ widely in regard to motor ability assessed on a laboratory performance test in which movements are requested and actual spontaneous use of an extremity in real-world settings, indicating that these parameters need to be evaluated separately. The methods used in Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CI therapy) research to independently assess these two domains are reliable and valid. We suggest that these tests have applicability beyond studies involving CI therapy for stroke and may be of value for determining motor status in other types of motor disorders and with other types of treatment. The learned nonuse formulation also predicts that a rehabilitation treatment may have differential effects on motor performance made on request and actual spontaneous amount of use of a more affected upper extremity in the life situation. CI therapy produces improvements in the former, but focuses attention on the latter and, in fact, spontaneous use of the limb is where this intervention has by far its greatest effect. The evidence suggests that this result is driven by use of a ''transfer package'' of techniques, which can be used with other therapies to increase the transfer of improvements made in the clinic to the life situation. The use of CI therapy in humans began with the upper extremity after stroke and was then extended for the upper extremity to cerebral palsy in young children (8 months to 8 years old) and traumatic brain injury. A form of CI therapy was developed for the lower extremities and was used effectively after stroke, spinal cord injury, and fractured hip. Adaptations of CI therapy have also been developed for aphasia (CI aphasia therapy), focal hand dystonia in musicians and phantom limb pain. The range of these applications suggests that CI therapy is not only a treatment for stroke, for which it is most commonly used, but for learned nonuse in general, which manifests as excess motor disability in a number of conditions which until now have been refractory to treatment.
Double-Mode Miniature Cantilever-Type Ultrasonic Motor Using Lead-Free Array-Type Multilayer Piezoelectric Ceramics (2008)

We studied the following to improve the characteristics of the lead-free ultrasonic micromotor. A double-mode miniature cantilever-type ultrasonic motor was fabricated using array-type multilayer piezoelectric ceramics (A-MLPC) of (Sr,Ca)2NaNb5O15 (SCNN) such as lead-free piezoelectric materials, and the electrical driving properties were investigated. The A-MLPC integrated multilayer piezoelectric ceramics (MLPC) arrayed in a 2 ×2 matrix. By using A-MLPC, double-mode bending vibration of the stator vibrator can be realized easily, and the quality factor of the vibrator increased. Furthermore, with the improvement of the piezoelectric properties of the SCNN, the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the vibrator increased. As a result, we succeeded in improving the driving properties of the motor. In particular, the driving voltage of SCNN motor decreased to 1/10 of the previous study, and this motor is similar to Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–Pb(Ni,Nb)O3–Pb(Zn,Nb)O3 (PZT) one in terms of properties by applying 3 times higher voltage than that required for the PZT one. The SCNN motor started to rotate at 0.3 Vp–p and showed such characteristics as revolution speed of 730 rpm, torque of 0.7 µN m, and efficiency of 3.5% at 1.6 Vp–p. It appeared that the SCNN motor was able to rotate by a lithium-ion cell used in the mobile equipment without an amplifier circuit.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnesium Hydroxide Sulfate Hydrate Whiskers (2000)

Reaction of magnesium sulfate with aqueous ammonia in a hydrothermal condition (150−180 °C) produced a fibrous magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH) with a composition corresponding to a stoichiometry of 4.34Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·xH2O. Chemical composition analysis showed that the quantity of x was more likely to be 2 rather than the well-known 3. The MHSH whiskers were about 0.3−2 μm in diameter and 40−100 μm in length, with an aspect ratio no less than 100. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed the whiskers were well-crystallized with an orthorhombic structure. An interesting superlattice was observed from the ED patterns but this superstructure was unstable under the radiation of a high-energy electron beam especially under HREM conditions. Several techniques such as XRD, TEM, EDS, HREM, XPS, TGA-DTA, FTIR, etc. were used to characterize the structural features and thermal behavior of the experimental products. Our sample of fibrous MHSH was found to lose two hydration waters at about 330 °C, to further decompose at higher treatment temperature, and to transform finally into MgO near 1000 °C.
30-nm Contacted Gate Pitch Back-Gate Carbon Nanotube FETs for Sub-3-nm Nodes (2018)

Carbon nanotube FETs (CNFETs) promise significant energy efficiency benefits versus silicon for digital systems. While these projected benefits are for CNFETs with similar geometries as silicon FETs (e.g., top-gate FETs, with the FET gate on top of the channel), the majority of the demonstrated CNFETs leverage back-gate geometries due to ease of fabrication (i.e., the gate is fabricated before and underneath the FET channel). Although back-gate CNFETs have already been experimentally demonstrated, importantly, there lacks any rigorous analysis of their benefits for digital very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. Here, we rigorously quantify, for the first time, the benefits of back-gate geometries: both for enabling aggressive device scaling as well as VLSI circuit energy-delay product (EDP) benefits. The key contributions of this paper are: 1) first analysis of back-gate FET geometries for digital VLSI circuits, showing they enable >1.6× additional EDP benefit for CNFETs due to reduced parasitic capacitances (versus top-gate CNFETs), 2) our analysis shows that leveraging back-gate FETs enables aggressive FET scaling to sub-3-nm technology nodes, and 3) as a feasibility case study, we experimentally realize digital logic circuits that fit within the world's smallest contacted gate pitch to date (CGP, a key metric defining the area of an FET and consequently the technology node) of 30 nm.
Morphology Control of Photoelectrochemically Etched Profiles in n-GaAs (1989)

Abstract : Photoelectromechanical etching of (100) n-gallium arsenide along the (011) crystallographic direction produces V-grooves. It was determined that the groove angle and rate of undercutting of the photoresist mask was dependent on electrolyte composition, light intensity and bias potential. Grating structures could be produced in neutral aqueous electrolytes containing KCL, with angles varying from 80 to 120 degrees as the KCL concentration was varied from 0.01M to 4M. The angles could also be controlled with applied bias and with light intensity. The V-grooves are formed due to the exposure of Ga-rich faces, their composition and angle probably depending on the extent of adsorption of Chloride(-). Non-adsorbing electrolytes such as Fluoride(-) and Sulfate(-) generally gave rougher morphologies and/or passivation.
Volatile Compounds in Ginger Oil Generated by Thermal Treatment (1989)

Ginger oils from steam distillation and liquid carbon dioxide extraction (600 - 700 psi) were fractionated into hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons by silica gel column chromatography. Volatile hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons were analyzed by capillary GC and GC-MS. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aliphatic aldehydes, 2-alkanones, citral, monoterpene alcohols and sesquiterpene alcohols were major categories of ginger components which were affected or generated by thermal induced degradation during steam distillation.
Power system simulation algorithms for parallel computer architectures (2012)

This paper discusses high-performance computing from the hardware, software, and algorithmic perspectives. The paper emphasizes on recent advancements in parallel algorithms for both Electro-Magnetic Transients and Transient Stability simulations suitable for highly-parallel multi-core multi-CPU architectures.
Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis and improvement of locomotor and sensory functions after spinal cord injury (2016)

OBJECTIVE Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is widely used to treat various human diseases. Low-energy ESWT increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured endothelial cells. The VEGF stimulates not only endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis but also neural cells to induce neuroprotective effects. A previous study by these authors demonstrated that low-energy ESWT promoted expression of VEGF in damaged neural tissue and improved locomotor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the neuroprotective mechanisms in the injured spinal cord produced by low-energy ESWT are still unknown. In the present study, the authors investigated the cell specificity of VEGF expression in injured spinal cords and angiogenesis induced by low-energy ESWT. They also examined the neuroprotective effects of low-energy ESWT on cell death, axonal damage, and white matter sparing as well as the therapeutic effect for improvement of sensory function following SCI. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the SCI group (SCI only) and SCI-SW group (low-energy ESWT applied after SCI). Thoracic SCI was produced using a New York University Impactor. Low-energy ESWT was applied to the injured spinal cord 3 times a week for 3 weeks after SCI. Locomotor function was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open-field locomotor score for 42 days after SCI. Mechanical and thermal allodynia in the hindpaw were evaluated for 42 days. Double staining for VEGF and various cell-type markers (NeuN, GFAP, and Olig2) was performed at Day 7; TUNEL staining was also performed at Day 7. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31, α-SMA, and 5-HT was performed on spinal cord sections taken 42 days after SCI. Luxol fast blue staining was performed at Day 42. RESULTS Low-energy ESWT significantly improved not only locomotion but also mechanical and thermal allodynia following SCI. In the double staining, expression of VEGF was observed in NeuN-, GFAP-, and Olig2-labeled cells. Low-energy ESWT significantly promoted CD31 and α-SMA expressions in the injured spinal cords. In addition, low-energy ESWT significantly reduced the TUNEL-positive cells in the injured spinal cords. Furthermore, the immunodensity of 5-HT-positive axons was significantly higher in the animals treated by low-energy ESWT. The areas of spared white matter were obviously larger in the SCI-SW group than in the SCI group, as indicated by Luxol fast blue staining. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that low-energy ESWT promotes VEGF expression in various neural cells and enhances angiogenesis in damaged neural tissue after SCI. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of VEGF induced by low-energy ESWT can suppress cell death and axonal damage and consequently improve locomotor and sensory functions after SCI. Thus, low-energy ESWT can be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of SCI.
2A2-L08 Development of articulated spherical wheeled in-pipe robot "ThesV"(Mobile Robot with Special Mechanism) (2011)

To realize the piping inspection from the inside, mobile robots which can travel long distance in the pipeline are necessary. So, we propose new mechanism for in-pipe robot in this paper. This mechanism "ThesV" has multiple spherical wheels and controls the posture by pulling two wires going through the body. By applying connected differential mechanism, ThesV can adapt the posture to the pipe shape and support its body against the internal wall of the pipe without complex control. And it can rotate on pipe axis and select course in T-branch with simple mechanism. Finally, through the motion experiments: experiment of velocity measurement, rotational motion, moving in vertical pipe, passing elbow and course selection, we showed usefulness of the concept.
Troglitazone Prevents Glucose-Induced Insulin Resistance of Insulin Receptor in Rat-1 Fibroblasts (1994)

Troglitazone (CS045), a compound belonging to the thiazolidine diones, is being tested as a new oral antidiabetic agent. Evidence exists from animal studies and clinical trials with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients that Troglitazone might reduce insulin resistance. The molecular mechanism of this effect is not understood. In this study, we investigated whether Troglitazone might interfere with the mechanism of glucose-induced insulin resistance. Several studies indicate that hyperglycemia reduces the kinase activity of the insulin receptor in different cell types. This effect is paralleled by translocation of several protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and it can be prevented by PKC inhibitors, which suggests that glucose-induced receptor desensitization is mediated by activation of PKC. We studied the effect of hyperglycemia on the insulin receptor kinase activity and its modulation by Troglitazone in rat-1 fibroblasts that stably overexpress the human insulin receptor. Before stimulation with insulin (10(-7) M), cells were acutely exposed to hyperglycemic conditions in the absence or presence of Troglitazone (0.01-2 micrograms/ml). The insulin receptor was solubilized from a plasma membrane fraction or whole cell lysates, and proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotted against antiphosphotyrosine and anti-insulin receptor beta-subunit (CT 104) antibodies. Acute hyperglycemia (25 mM glucose) induced a significant inhibition of the insulin receptor kinase (IRK) activity within 30 min (inhibition to 30 +/- 12.5% of maximal insulin-stimulated beta-subunit phosphorylation, n = 9, P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Holographic Q-Picture of Black Holes in Five Dimensional Minimal Supergravity (2013)

In this article, we explore the holographic Q-picture description for charged rotating black holes in five-dimensional minimal supergravity. The central charge in the Q-picture depends only on the black hole charge, therefore it can be computed from the near horizon geometry of the extremal and non-rotating counterpart. Moreover, the CFT temperatures can be identified by studying the hidden conformal symmetry, and the related gravity-CFT dictionary can be translated via thermodynamic analysis. The entropy and absorption cross section computed from both the gravity and CFT sides properly agree with each other.
Editorial Comment (1985)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Apr 1985Editorial Comment C. Eugene Carlton C. Eugene CarltonC. Eugene Carlton More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49113-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 133(4), p. 619 © 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByEpstein J, Oesterling J, Eggleston J and Walsh P (2018) Frozen Section Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Prostatic Carcinoma: Accuracy in Grossly Uninvolved Pelvic Lymphadenectomy SpecimensJournal of Urology, VOL. 136, NO. 6, (1234-1237), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1986. Volume 133Issue 4April 1985Page: 619 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C. Eugene Carlton More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...