gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists: Preclinical Promise for Treating Obesity and Cognitive Disorders (2006)

The histamine H3 receptor is an attractive G protein-coupled receptor drug target that regulates neurotransmission in the central nervous system and plays a role in cognitive and homeostatic functions. Drug discovery efforts by numerous pharmaceutical companies have focused on the preclinical development of H3 receptor antagonists for the potential treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dementias, schizophrenia, as well as obesity and sleep disorders. This receptor exhibits molecular, pharmacological, and functional heterogeneity that informs the preclinical development of effective antagonists. Herein, we describe the biological and chemical implications for developing H3 receptor antagonists and their therapeutic potential as disclosed through animal models of cognition, sleep, and obesity.
DOI: Current Status and Outlook (1999)

reviews in the Mathematical Reviews of the AMS, and in due course from there to the original quoted articles, if available in PDF.The online access also allows to make printouts of wanted articles at the user's printer and to view abstracts of recently posted articles to be published shortly.In view of the vaste literature in mathematics the search functions provided by the software of a distributed digital library for specific articles and/or specific results or concepts explained in such an article are very useful for researchers and graduate students.They also would like to have such a comfortable access to the back issues of the mathematical journals published only in paper format.The proofs of many important old theorems have never been incorporated into standard textbooks because they are still too complicated to be derived from generally known theoretical results.Therefore modern research articles have to quote arguments, methods, partial and final results of old papers.Thus it is desirable to retrodigitize the back issues of a mathematical journal and combine them with the electronically published recent issues in such a way that all the volumes of the resulting digital journal are searchable and linked to "Mathematical Reviews" or "Zentralblatt Mathematik".Through these review journals the retrodigitized volumes could then be linked to all other mathematical journals belonging to a distributed digital mathematical library.In particular, an authorized user of such a library would be able to read on screen an original article and a cited article or a review at the same time.This retrodigitization task is very demanding and requires a deep understanding of mathematics, computer science and the support of the publisher.
Transductional and Transcriptional Targeting of Adenovirus for Clinical Applications (2004)

Adenovirus (Ad) targeting is a novel approach for the design and administration of therapeutic agents wherein the agent is rationally designed to localize and restrict transgene expression to the site of disease in a self-directed manner, usually via exploitation of unique biophysical and genetic properties specific to the diseased tissue. The ablation of promiscuous native Ad tropism coupled with active targeting modalities has demonstrated that innate gene delivery efficiency may be retained while circumventing Ad dependence on its primary cellular receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), to achieve CAR-independent vector tropism. Herein, we describe advances in Ad targeting that are predicated not only on fundamental understanding of vector/cell interplay, but also on the specific transcriptional profiles of target tissues. Further, targeting is discussed in the context of improving the safety and efficacy of clinical approaches utilizing adenoviral vectors and replication competent oncolytic agents. In summary, existing results suggest a critical linkage between targeted agents and increases in therapeutic utility.
Fourier-based reconstruction for fully 3-D PET: optimization of interpolation parameters (2006)

Fourier-based approaches for three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction are based on the relationship between the 3-D Fourier transform (FT) of the volume and the two-dimensional (2-D) FT of a parallel-ray projection of the volume. The critical step in the Fourier-based methods is the estimation of the samples of the 3-D transform of the image from the samples of the 2-D transforms of the projections on the planes through the origin of Fourier space, and vice versa for forward-projection (reprojection). The Fourier-based approaches have the potential for very fast reconstruction, but their straightforward implementation might lead to unsatisfactory results if careful attention is not paid to interpolation and weighting functions. In our previous work, we have investigated optimal interpolation parameters for the Fourier-based forward and back-projectors for iterative image reconstruction. The optimized interpolation kernels were shown to provide excellent quality comparable to the ideal sinc interpolator. This work presents an optimization of interpolation parameters of the 3-D direct Fourier method with Fourier reprojection (3D-FRP) for fully 3-D positron emission tomography (PET) data with incomplete oblique projections. The reprojection step is needed for the estimation (from an initial image) of the missing portions of the oblique data. In the 3D-FRP implementation, we use the gridding interpolation strategy, combined with proper weighting approaches in the transform and image domains. We have found that while the 3-D reprojection step requires similar optimal interpolation parameters as found in our previous studies on Fourier-based iterative approaches, the optimal interpolation parameters for the main 3D-FRP reconstruction stage are quite different. Our experimental results confirm that for the optimal interpolation parameters a very good image accuracy can be achieved even without any extra spectral oversampling, which is a common practice to decrease errors caused by interpolation in Fourier reconstruction.
Reactive blending of poly (dimethylsiloxane) with nylon 6 and poly (styrene):Effect of reactivity on morphology (2001)

Abstract Reactive compatibilization was used to control and stabilize 20–30wt% poly(dimethylsioxane) (PDMS) dispersions in nylon 6 (PA) and poly(styrene) (PS), respectively. The effect of the type of reation (amine (NH 2 )/anhydride (An), NH 2 / epoxy(E) and carboxylic acid (COOH)/E) on the morphology was studied with electron microscopy. PS and PDMS have mutual solvents thus it was possible to use gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine the concentration of block copolymer in PS/PDMS blends. Reactive blending of PA6 with difunctional PDMS‐(AN) 2 did not decrease the PDMS particle size compared to the non‐reactive blend (∼10μm). Particle size decreaeased significantly to about 0.5 μm when PA6 was blended with a PDMS containing about 4 random An groups along the chain. For the PS/PDMS blends, GPC revealed that the NH 2 /An reaction formed about 3% block copolymer and produced stable PDMS particles ∼ 0.4 μm. No reaction was detected for the PS‐NH 2 /PDMS‐E blend and the morphology was coarse and unstable. Also, PS‐NH 2 /PDMS‐An reactivity was lower compared to other systems such as PS/ poly (isoprene) and PS/poly(methaacrylte) using the same reaction. This was attributed to the relatively thinner PS/PDMS interface dueto the high PS/PDMs immiscibility.
Knowledge-based diagnostic system of turbine with faults using the blackboard model (2002)

The paper describes a diagnostic system based on a blackboard model for a steam turbine with multiple faults. The system has been built and tested with the exercise equipment of the turbine. The knowledge of diagnosis is divided into six separate models, i.e. knowledge sources, which may be rule based or procedural or neural network. Different rule based knowledge sources can utilize different inference engines. The detected data and the information for describing conditions of the turbine are evolved into a blackboard, which is organized as a hierarchy with three different layers. Each layer is used in the different task, and serves for corresponding knowledge sources. The diagnosis process of the turbine with faults has simulated the technique of data fusion (sensor fusion), which can yield global optimal diagnosis conclusions by local and concurrent computations. The merits of the diagnostic system are compared.
Automatic extraction of story units from TV news (2017)

In this paper we propose a novel method for automatic identification of semantically consistent story units from TV news programs. The method includes a temporal segmentation procedure of the video based on visual cues, as well as a graph-driven textual analysis technique of the subtitles documents. The experimental results, obtained on a dataset of 50 videos selected from one week video archive of France Television demonstrate the pertinence of the proposed approach.
Minimum-bias windows for high-resolution spectral estimates (1973)

The class of window pairs <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w(t) \leftrightarrowW(\\omega)</tex> is considered such that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w(t) = 0</tex> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mid t \mid > M</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W(\omega) \geq 0</tex> . It is shown that in this class, the window \begin{equation} w_o(t) = \frac{1}{\pi} \biggl| \sin \frac{\pi t}{M} \biggr| + \biggl( 1- \frac{\midt \mid}{M} \biggr) \cos \frac{\pi t}{M}, \qquad \mid t \mid \leq M \end{equation} yields spectral estimates with minimum bias. Furthermore, the variance of the resulting estimate is smaller than that obtained with the known windows of the same size.
Nonblocking Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Soluble MIC Revamps Endogenous Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Responses and Eliminates Primary and Metastatic Tumors (2015)

Therapy with a sMIC-neutralizing nonblocking anti-MIC mAb can effectuate antitumor immune responses against advanced MIC(+) tumors. Our study provided strong rationale for translating sMIC-neutralizing therapeutic mAb into clinics, either alone or in combination with current ongoing standard immunotherapies.
Mach-Zehnder interferometers assembled with optical microfibers or nanofibers (2008)

We demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) assembled using optical microfibers or nanofibers (MNFs) drawn from silica fibers and tellurite glasses. As-assembled MZIs, with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers, show good interference fringes with extinction ratios of approximately 10 dB. The path-length difference of the MZI can be tuned by micromanipulation under an optical microscope. The MNF-assembled MZIs demonstrated here show advantages of easy fabrication, in situ tunability, and compact size.
EzWeb/FAST: Reporting on a Successful Mashup-Based Solution for Developing and Deploying Composite Applications in the Upcoming &#147;Ubiquitous SOA&#148; (2008)

Service oriented architectures (SOAs) based on Web services have attracted a great interest and IT investments during the last years, principally in the context of business-to-business integration within corporate Intranets. However, they are nowadays evolving to break through enterprise boundaries, in a revolutionary attempt to make the approach pervasive, leading to what we call the ubiquitous SOA, i.e. a SOA conceived as a Web of services made up of compositional resources that empowers end-users to ubiquitously exploit these resources by collaboratively remixing them. In this paper we explore the architectural basis, technologies, frameworks and tools considered necessary to face this novel vision of SOA. We also present the rationale behind EzWeb/FAST: an undergoing EU funded project whose first outcomes could serve as a preliminary proof of concept.
Is it a bug or an enhancement? (2008)

Bug tracking systems are valuable assets for managing maintenance activities. They are widely used in open-source projects as well as in the software industry. They collect many different kinds of issues: requests for defect fixing, enhancements, refactoring/restructuring activities and organizational issues. These different kinds of issues are simply labeled as "bug" for lack of a better classification support or of knowledge about the possible kinds.
Enhanced <i>Ex Vivo</i> Expansion of Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Dexamethasone (2009)

In the present study, we investigated the ex vivo expansion of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ATSCs) to identify factors that promoted efficient expansion while preserving stem cell potential. We examined several growth factors and steroids, and found that the combination of a low concentration of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) (1 ng/mL) and dexamethasone (DEX) or betamethasone (BET) enhanced the proliferation of ATSCs by approximately 30-60% as compared to control. Enhanced proliferation under these conditions was confirmed using ATSCs isolated from three independent donors. ATSCs that were expanded in the presence of FGF-2 and DEX for 5 days were capable of differentiating into either osteoblastic or adipogenic cells, and the cells were positive for the mesenchymal stem cell markers such as CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD146, suggesting that the stem cell potential of the ATSCs was preserved. Analysis of signaling pathway revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation of Src kinase was dramatically increased in response to FGF-2 and DEX, suggesting the involvement of Src-dependent pathways in the stimulatory mechanism of proliferation of ATSCs by FGF-2 and DEX. Moreover, Src family kinase inhibitors (SU6656 and Src kinase inhibitor I) substantially reduced the FGF-2 and DEX-induced proliferation of ATSCs. SU6656 also inhibited the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of ATSCs. The results of the current study demonstrate that FGF-2 in combination with DEX stimulates the proliferation and osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of ATSCs through a Src-dependent mechanism, and that FGF-2 and DEX promote the efficient ex vivo expansion of ATSCs.
SOI LIGBT devices with a dual P-well implant for improved latching characteristics (2002)

The authors explore the inherent tradeoff between latching current density and threshold voltage in a typical lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT), which uses a shallow implant and long drive-in to form its P-well. The latching performance of LIGBTs in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates is compared to that of equivalent devices in bulk silicon. Two techniques are proposed for improving the latchup/threshold tradeoff in these SOI devices. Retrograde P-well implants are shown to yield significant improvements while adding little complexity to the fabrication process. Dual P-well implants are shown to effectively decouple the latching current from the threshold voltage, yielding LIGBTs with latching current densities over 1300 A/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Raman spectroscopic study of the structural phase transition and reorientational motions of the ClO ions in KClO<sub>4</sub> (1983)

Abstract Polarized Raman spectra of oriented single crystals of KClO 4 performed over a large temperature range (300–800 K) have been used to investigate the mechanism of the 583 K phase transition. It is shown that the transition can be described using an order parameter and a mechanism based on the reorientation of the ClO ions is proposed. A Raman study of the plastic phase (above 583 K), using the shape of the bands associated with the internal modes, leads to a measure of the orientational density probability and the orientational self‐correlation functions of the perchlorate ions.
Linear and Non-Linear Steady State Vehicle Handling (1988)

The kinematic, primary and secondary handling regimes are analysed. The design factors contributing to the understeer gradient are reviewed and representative values for a modern car are presented. The effects of three types of differential are considered, as are tractive forces on free differentials, aerodynamic forces, the effect of load increments and the effects of turning radius. Secondary handling is investigated and the main contributing factors to the non-linearity of steer angle and attitude angle are quantfied.
On π 3 of Finite Dimensional H-Spaces (1963)

THEOREM 1. If X is a pathwise connected and simply connected associative H-space of finite dimension and type, then either X is acyclic, i.e. Wq(X) 0 for all q, or there is at least one free summand in w3(X). This theorem will follow quite easily from an application of the Steenrod reduced powers to the cohomology of classifying space of X. By an algebra B over the (mod p) Steenrod algebra Ap, we mean a commutative and associative graded Zp-algebra B on which the reduced powers and the Bockstein coboundary act just as if B were the cohomology algebra of a space. In order to avoid separate arguments for p = 2, we denote Sq2m by Pm.
Small-molecule PROTACs: An emerging and promising approach for the development of targeted therapy drugs (2018)

There are several challenges towards the development and clinical use of small molecule inhibitors, which are currently the main type of targeted therapies towards intracellular proteins. PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) exploit the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade target proteins. Recently, small-molecule PROTACs with high potency have been frequently reported. In this review, we summarize the emerging characteristics of small-molecule PROTACs, such as inducing a rapid, profound and sustained degradation, inducing a robust inhibition of downstream signals, displaying enhanced target selectivity, and overcoming resistance to small molecule inhibitors. In tumor xenografts, small-molecule PROTACs can significantly attenuate tumor progression. In addition, we also introduce recent developments of the PROTAC technology such as homo-PROTACs. The outstanding advantages over traditional small-molecule drugs and the promising preclinical data suggest that small-molecule PROTAC technology has the potential to greatly promote the development of targeted therapy drugs.
Security Components in a One-Stop-Shop Border Control System (2014)

Each year the number of passengers travelling around the world is steadily increasing. Hence, the efficient handling of border crossings while maintaining a high security is a demanding challenge for the future. In this work we present the key security components for a novel proposed one-stop-shop (OSS) border control system, which tries to achieve greatest throughput of travelers while applying highest security measurements. We collect the main stakeholder's requirements for an OSS system and assembly the necessary technological solutions so that the proposed OSS system can be operated at all kinds of borders. Thereby, the selected technologies are evaluated and current limitations and constraints described.
iPod Forensics Update (2007)

From student to business worker, the popularity and ubiquity of mobile devices is exploding. As these devices saturate modern culture, they continue to grow in functionality. Such devices can now play music, store photos, contacts, and files or even play full-length movies. Apple’s iPod has taken mobile entertainment to the next level by incorporating all of this into a single device. In fact, the iPod has become so popular that sales have topped nearly sixty seven million units (Apple, 2006). With increased popularity however, criminals have found ways to exploit an otherwise altruistic device. The challenge that lies before law enforcement now becomes identifying the evidence an iPod may contain. Since there has been minimal research in portable music players within the digital forensics community, law enforcement may be fighting blind during their investigations. This paper is an update to previous research by Marsico and Rogers (2005) that presents new procedures and methodologies for law enforcement to obtain digital evidence from the new generations of iPods. As software and hardware revisions have changed, this research analyzes what effect this has on the extraction of evidence.
Wide-field imaging on 8- to 100-meter class telescopes (2006)

It is generally believed that very fast cameras imaging large Fields of View translate into huge optomechanics and mosaics of very large contiguous CCDs. It has already been suggested that seeing limited imaging cameras for telescopes whose diameters are larger than 20m are considered virtually impossible for a reasonable cost. It has also been suggested that using existing technology and at a moderate price, one can build a Smart Fast Camera, a device that placed on aberrated Field of View, including those of slow focal ratios, is able to provide imaging at an equivalent focal ratio as low as F/1, with a size that is identical to the large focal ratio focal plane size. The design allows for easy correction of aberrations over the Field of View. It has low weight and size with respect to any focal reducer or prime focus station of the same performance. It can be applied to existing 8m-class telescopes to provide a wide field fast focal plane or to achieve seeing-limited imaging on Extremely Large Telescopes. As it offers inherently fast read-out in a massive parallel mode, the SFC can be used as a pupil or focal plane camera for pupil-plane or Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing for 30-100m class telescopes. Basing upon Smart Fast Camera concept, we present a study turned to explain the pliability of this instrument for different existing telescopes.
MONIL Language, an Alternative for Data Integration (2006)

Data integration is a process of retrieving, merging and storing of data originated in heterogeneous sources of data. The main problem facing the data integration is the structural and semantic heterogeneity of participating data. A concern of research communities in computer sciences is the development of semi-automatic tools to assist the user in an effective way in the data integration processes. This paper introduces a programming language called MONIL, as an alternative to integrate data by means of design, storage and program execution. MONIL is based on the use of meta-data, conversion functions, a meta-model of integration and a scheme of integration suggestions. MONIL offers to the user a dedicated work environment with built-in semi-automatic tools supporting the integration process in three stages. Key words: data integration, integration language, databases, metadata. 1. Introduction: Data
Association between Common Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Mutations and Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease (2004)

These findings suggest that TLR4 mutations, but not the CD14/-159 polymorphism, are associated with an increased risk of severe RSV bronchiolitis in previously healthy infants.