gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-step insertion of oligonucleotide linkers or adapters to DNA using unphosphorylated oligonucleotides. (1993)

A simple and efficient method was developed for insertion of oligonucleotide sequences into plasmids. In this method, an unphosphorylated oligonucleotide was ligated to the restriction-digested phagemid DNA. Only the single strand of the oligonucleotide was ligated at the 5' end of the phagemid, and this resulted in the creation of a long self-complementary single-strand overhang. These single-strand overhang-possessing phagemids were used to transform XL-1 cells. This simple ligation and transformation reaction rendered approximately 7.5 x 10(4) to 5 x 10(5) of white colonies per microgram DNA from the isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galacto-pyranoside plate. This number is almost the same or even higher than the number of blue colonies from the control reaction in which ligase was used without the oligonucleotide. By this method we could mutate one enzyme site to another or create ribozyme and substrate phagemid very easily. Fidelity of this method was checked by restriction digestion, DNA sequencing and ribozyme reaction. By DNA sequencing, we observed that 100% of the white colonies contained a single oligonucleotide sequence.
Dual Exosite-binding Inhibitors of Insulin-degrading Enzyme Challenge Its Role as the Primary Mediator of Insulin Clearance in Vivo (2015)

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE, insulysin) is the best characterized catabolic enzyme implicated in proteolysis of insulin. Recently, a peptide inhibitor of IDE has been shown to affect levels of insulin, amylin, and glucagon in vivo. However, IDE(-/-) mice display variable phenotypes relating to fasting plasma insulin levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity depending on the cohort and age of animals. Here, we interrogated the importance of IDE-mediated catabolism on insulin clearance in vivo. Using a structure-based design, we linked two newly identified ligands binding at unique IDE exosites together to construct a potent series of novel inhibitors. These compounds do not interact with the catalytic zinc of the protease. Because one of these inhibitors (NTE-1) was determined to have pharmacokinetic properties sufficient to sustain plasma levels >50 times its IDE IC50 value, studies in rodents were conducted. In oral glucose tolerance tests with diet-induced obese mice, NTE-1 treatment improved the glucose excursion. Yet in insulin tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp experiments, NTE-1 did not enhance insulin action or increase plasma insulin levels. Importantly, IDE inhibition with NTE-1 did result in elevated plasma amylin levels, suggesting the in vivo role of IDE action on amylin may be more significant than an effect on insulin. Furthermore, using the inhibitors described in this report, we demonstrate that in HEK cells IDE has little impact on insulin clearance. In total, evidence from our studies supports a minimal role for IDE in insulin metabolism in vivo and suggests IDE may be more important in helping regulate amylin clearance.
Magnetic Topology Changes Induced by Lower Hybrid Waves and their Profound Effect on Edge-Localized Modes in the EAST Tokamak (2013)

Strong mitigation of edge-localized modes has been observed on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, when lower hybrid waves (LHWs) are applied to H-mode plasmas with ion cyclotron resonant heating. This has been demonstrated to be due to the formation of helical current filaments flowing along field lines in the scrape-off layer induced by LHW. This leads to the splitting of the outer divertor strike points during LHWs similar to previous observations with resonant magnetic perturbations. The change in the magnetic topology has been qualitatively modeled by considering helical current filaments in a field-line-tracing code.
Design of battery charge-discharge control system based on the three-level bi-directional inverter (2012)

According to the battery charge-discharge process's characteristics in the wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system,this paper presented a new design proposal for battery charge-discharge control system which based on three-level bi-directional inverter.It gave structure and control principle of the system and introduced design of hardware and software of the system in details.The experimental results show that the control system can effectively control the battery charge and discharge,and achieve two-way flow of energy between battery and AC bus.
Giant-cell arteritis (2008)

An expanded repertoire of imaging techniques and serologic markers may supply information relevant to the diagnosis of challenging cases of giant-cell arteritis. Treatment modifications, including initiation with intravenous steroids, or addition of methotrexate or aspirin to the regimen, may decrease morbidity from disease, corticosteroid treatment or both.
Reduction in the reset current in a resistive random access memory consisting of NiOx brought about by reducing a parasitic capacitance (2008)

The dependence of the relationship between the reset current Ireset and the compliance current Icomp (Ireset-Icomp characteristic) of a Pt∕NiOx∕Pt structure on the parasitic capacitance between the Pt∕NiOx∕Pt structure and a current limiter C was measured for Icomp&lt;1mA. It was clarified that C deviated the Ireset-Icomp characteristic from the ideal linear relationship expected for C=0 and Ireset saturated at higher Icomp for larger C. This is attributed to a transient current flowing through C when the forming or set transitions occurred. The relationship of Ireset≈Icomp was maintained down to Icomp=150μA in the 1T1R cell with very small C.
Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis affects axonal outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons (1993)

Neuronal growth is regulated by both extracellular and cellular determinants and is believed to proceed by the addition of new membrane material at the growth cone. To determine whether lipid synthesis is necessary to maintain neuronal growth, we have examined the effect of Fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of ceramide synthesis, on the development of cultured hippocampal neurons. Fumonisin B1 inhibits ceramide synthesis in hippocampal neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Ganglioside synthesis and content was reduced after Fumonisin B1 treatment, and ganglioside GD1b was not detectable at the cell surface by immunofluorescence. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis by Fumonisin B1 had a significant effect on axonal growth. Between days 2-3 in culture, mean axon length increased from 170 to 240 microns, but in Fumonisin-treated cells, no increase in axon length was observed. Addition of a fluorescent derivative of ceramide together with Fumonisin B1 reversed this effect, confirming that Fumonisin B1 acts via inhibition of ceramide synthase. Further, ceramide by itself caused a significant increase in axon length. We discuss three possible mechanisms by which inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis could disrupt axonal growth, among them the possibility that ongoing sphingolipid synthesis is necessary to provide new membrane material to the growing axon.
[Effect of mental stimulants on electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde amnesia]. (1983)

The effect of nootropics on the retrograde amnesia induced by electroshock was studied on a model of the active conditioned escape reaction (pole jumping). In untreated animals the daily application of electroshock for three days, immediately after the training, led to a significant retardation of the development of a conditioned escape reaction. The administration of nootropics influences the development of the retrograde amnesia to different extents, the treatment regimen (application of the drug only during the training and supplementary pretreatment before the first day of training; respectively) being of importance. The antiamnestic effect of Piracetam (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) which is good also without pretreatment, may still be potentiated, especially on the fourth day of treatment, by an additional administration of the drug, beginning four days before the first day of treatment. In contrast to this, meclofenoxate hydrochloride (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and pyritinol (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) produce a marked inhibition of the development of the retrograde amnesia only after pretreatment. Without pretreatment these drugs exert a slight or no effect. The marked antiamnestic effect of methylglucaminorotate (225 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and by an additional pretreatment. As to dihydroergotoxin (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneally), both treatment regimens were ineffective in the model used.
Prevention of postcardiopulmonary bypass pericardial adhesions by a new resorbable collagen membrane (2012)

Reduction in mediastinal adhesions is an issue in cardiac surgery. To evaluate a porcine-bioengineered collagen membrane (Cova™ CARD) intended to promote tissue regeneration, 18 sheep underwent a sternotomy and a 30 min period of cardiopulmonary bypass. They were divided into three equal groups: pericardium left open, placement of an e-polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (Preclude(®)) taken as a non-absorbable substitute comparator and placement of the absorbable Cova™ CARD membrane. Four months thereafter, the study animals underwent repeat sternotomy and were macroscopically assessed for the degree of material resorption and the intensity of adhesions. Explanted hearts were evaluated blindly for the magnitude of the inflammatory response, fibrosis and epicardial re-mesothelialization. The bioengineered membrane was absorbed by 4 months and replaced by a loosely adherent tissue leading to the best adhesion score. There was no inflammatory reaction (except for a minimal one in an animal). Fibrosis was minimal (P = 0.041 vs Preclude(®)). The highest degree of epicardial re-mesothelialization, albeit limited, was achieved by the bioengineered group in which five of six sheep demonstrated a new lining of mesothelial cells in contrast to two animals in each of the other groups. This collagen membrane might thus represent an attractive pericardial substitute for preventing post-operative adhesions.
MLL rearrangements in haematological malignancies: lessons from clinical and biological studies (1999)

but the combined analysis of such a large group of patient samples is unprecedented.
Nanometer-sized manganese oxide-quenched fluorescent oligonucleotides: an effective sensing platform for probing biomolecular interactions (2014)

We propose a novel template-assisted strategy to prepare nanometer-sized manganese oxide (nano-MnO2) by self-assembly of some MnO2 platelets and demonstrate its application as a new class of biosensing platform for probing DNA hybridization and aptamer-target interaction in a homogeneous solution.
Evidence for reduced Th1 function in normal pregnancy: a hypothesis for the remission of rheumatoid arthritis. (1997)

These findings are consistent with the hypothesized downregulation of Th1 responses during pregnancy. Further studies to assess the relationship with fetal/maternal HLA class II disparity, and eventually the presence or absence of remission in actual patients with RA, are required.
On 1/f trapping noise in MOSTs (1990)

New calculations are given for the 1/f noise in metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors (MOSTs) based on the McWhorter model (number fluctuations). Particular attention is paid to two regions of the drain current-voltage characteristic: weak inversion and near saturation. The results are at variance with previous theories, where some errors have been made. The gravest error was the violation of the physical law whereby the variance of the number of carriers N in the channel is ≤N. The calculations do not give a divergent noise power at current saturation, as found by other authors. In the ohmic region, the relation between the spectral density of the drain current fluctuations and the number of carriers is determined. The Langevin method and the Klaassen-Prins method for calculating the 1/f noise in MOSTs are discussed and shown to have been used incorrectly when the mobility and the Hooge 1/f noise parameter depend on position in the channel.
A principal mode analysis of strongly-coupled 3-core fibres (2015)

Group delay spread of strongly-coupled 3-core fibres is investigated through the principal mode analysis. Calculated and measured results are in good agreement and group delay spread can be further reduced by adding an air-hole to the centre of the fibre.
The CFC-Ozone Issue: Progress on the Development of Alternatives to CFCs (1990)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are now believed to be major contributors to the seasonal ozone depletion over the Antarctic continent. However, because they are so important to many aspects of Modern society, it would be irresponsible to immediately cease their production. The identification of suitable substitutes is difficult when issues such as toxicity, flammability, cost, environmental impact, and physical properties are considered. Several candidates that meet these criteria have been selected by the industry and significant research and development programs are under way to commercialize them. Unlike the simple, fully halogenated CFCs, which can only be made in the single step, there are many potentially viable routes to the alternatives, but these will require significant improvements in catalysis. Many other important issues such as materials compatibility, energy efficiency, the needs of developing countries, and the product life cycle of the alternatives need to be resolved before a timely transition to substitutes can be accomplished.
A3 Adenosine Receptor Signaling Influences Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis (2008)

Adenosine is a signaling molecule produced during conditions that cause cellular stress or damage. This signaling pathway is implicated in the regulation of pulmonary disorders through the selective engagement of adenosine receptors. The goal of this study was to examine the involvement of the A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)R) in a bleomycin model of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Results demonstrated that A(3)R-deficient mice exhibit enhanced pulmonary inflammation that included an increase in eosinophils. Accordingly, there was a selective up-regulation of eosinophil-related chemokines and cytokines in the lungs of A(3)R-deficient mice exposed to bleomycin. This increase in eosinophil numbers was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of extracellular eosinophil peroxidase activity in lavage fluid from A(3)R-deficient mice exposed to bleomycin, an observation suggesting that the A(3)R is necessary for eosinophil degranulation in this model. Despite an increase in inflammatory metrics associated with A(3)R-deficient mice treated with bleomycin, there was little difference in the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. Examination of fibrotic mediators demonstrated enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression, but not a concomitant increase in TGF-beta1 activity. This was associated with the loss of expression of matrix metalloprotease 9, an activator of TGF-beta1, in alveolar macrophages and airway mast cells in the lungs of A(3)R-deficient mice. Together, these results suggest that the A(3)R serves antiinflammatory functions in the bleomycin model, and is also involved in regulating the production of mediators that can impact fibrosis.
A 10-bit 50-MS/s SAR ADC With a Monotonic Capacitor Switching Procedure (2010)

This paper presents a low-power 10-bit 50-MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that uses a monotonic capacitor switching procedure. Compared to converters that use the conventional procedure, the average switching energy and total capacitance are reduced by about 81% and 50%, respectively. In the switching procedure, the input common-mode voltage gradually converges to ground. An improved comparator diminishes the signal-dependent offset caused by the input common-mode voltage variation. The prototype was fabricated using 0.13-¿m 1P8M CMOS technology. At a 1.2-V supply and 50 MS/s, the ADC achieves an SNDR of 57.0 dB and consumes 0.826 mW, resulting in a figure of merit (FOM) of 29 fJ/conversion-step. The ADC core occupies an active area of only 195 × 265 ¿m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
<scp>T</scp>hrombosomes: a platelet‐derived hemostatic agent for control of noncompressible hemorrhage (2013)

Our in vitro characterization studies in conjunction with preclinical animal safety and efficacy studies demonstrated lot consistency in manufacturing, maintenance of hemostatic functions of Thrombosomes, safety at high dose concentrations, and the potential to provide an effective hemostatic agent at the site of injury.
Two Sp1/Sp3 Binding Sites in the Major Immediate-Early Proximal Enhancer of Human Cytomegalovirus Have a Significant Role in Viral Replication (2005)

We previously demonstrated that the major immediate early (MIE) proximal enhancer containing one GC box and the TATA box containing promoter are minimal elements required for transcription and viral replication in human fibroblast cells (H. Isomura, T. Tsurumi, M. F. Stinski, J. Virol. 78:12788-12799, 2004). After infection, the level of Sp1 increased while Sp3 remained constant. Here we report that either Sp1 or Sp3 transcription factors bind to the GC boxes located at approximately positions -55 and -75 relative to the transcription start site (+1). Both the Sp1 and Sp3 binding sites have a positive and synergistic effect on the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) promoter. There was little to no change in MIE transcription or viral replication for recombinant viruses with one or the other Sp1 or Sp3 binding site mutated. In contrast, mutation of both the Sp1 and Sp3 binding sites caused inefficient MIE transcription and viral replication. These data indicate that the Sp1 and Sp3 binding sites have a significant role in HCMV replication in human fibroblast cells.
Synthesis and Micropatterning of Semiconducting Polypyrrole Nanofilms by a Two-Step Deposition/Polymerization Process (2002)

Micropatterning of polypyrrole films can be achieved via vacuum deposition of monomers, followed by UV-induced selective polymerization (see Figure). This fabrication process minimizes the surface roughness by the separation of monomer deposition and subsequent polymerization. Vacuum deposition has the additional advantage of forming films that have low contamination levels and possess a well-defined thickness and morphology.
Results of a Home-Based Environmental Intervention among Urban Children with Asthma (2004)

Among inner-city children with atopic asthma, an individualized, home-based, comprehensive environmental intervention decreases exposure to indoor allergens, including cockroach and dust-mite allergens, resulting in reduced asthma-associated morbidity.
Characterizing Human Stem Cell–derived Sensory Neurons at the Single-cell Level Reveals Their Ion Channel Expression and Utility in Pain Research (2014)

The generation of human sensory neurons by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells opens new opportunities for investigating the biology of pain. The inability to generate this cell type has meant that up until now their study has been reliant on the use of rodent models. Here, we use a combination of population and single-cell techniques to perform a detailed molecular, electrophysiological, and pharmacological phenotyping of sensory neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells. We describe the evolution of cell populations over 6 weeks of directed differentiation; a process that results in the generation of a largely homogeneous population of neurons that are both molecularly and functionally comparable to human sensory neurons derived from mature dorsal root ganglia. This work opens the prospect of using pluripotent stem-cell-derived sensory neurons to study human neuronal physiology and as in vitro models for drug discovery in pain and sensory disorders.
Anti‐interleukin‐17A and anti‐interleukin‐23 antibodies may be effective against Alzheimer's disease: Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis (2019)

Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a possible cause or driving force of AD. The discovery by Tiffany et al. that amyloid β (Aβ) is a formylpeptide receptor 2 agonist indicated that Aβ is a potent chemoattractant for phagocytic leukocytes. Therefore, in all likelihood Aβ attracts peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, as well as microglia cells in brain parenchyma, and activates them. However, the role of microglia cells and their precursor monocytes in AD pathogenesis remains elusive. Recently, neutrophils were found to be present in areas with Aβ deposits in AD brain and in transgenic AD model mice. Because brain is vulnerable to the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophils secrete a large amount of ROS, neutrophils look like a driving force of AD. Therefore, a possibility arises that anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-23 antibodies are effective against AD, because these antibodies can be thought to interfere with neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow to the blood circulation and thus inhibit neutrophil infiltration into AD brain. Clinical studies using anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-23 antibodies in patients with AD are required.
Photopic luminance does not always predict perceived room brightness (1990)

The perception of room brightness over photopic luminances ranging from 30 cd m -2 to 67 cd m -2 was judged by 12 subjects in an almost uniformly white experimental chamber. Two different illuminants were compared which had different spectral compositions, but were colour matched. Brightness judgements were often opposite to large differences in photopic luminance. These results are inconsistent with models of brightness perception that depend solely on cone receptors. At the luminance levels considered here subjective evaluation of light intensity depends upon both photopic and scotopic spectral contributions. These results imply that aspects of the visual system operate mesopically under most interior lighting conditions.
Polonium-210: lessons learned from the contamination of individual Canadians (2009)

This paper describes the radioactive poisoning episode in London in 2006 and the Health Canada response to locate and test any Canadians who might have been contaminated by this event. The search strategies and testing methods are explained and the results given. The lessons learned are summarised and implications for vulnerable populations are discussed. The greatest public health impact was probably the generation of fear and concern, especially among those prone to health-related anxiety disorders. The groups of individuals at risk were effectively managed by a single point of contact system combined with rapid triage and counselling that was provided to everyone to address their individual concerns.
Observation of macroscopic quantum tunneling through the Coulomb energy barrier (1990)

The conductance of linear arrays of two and three normal-metal small tunnel junctions is studied for bias voltages V below the Coloumb-blockade threshold. At low temperature, we find evidence for macroscopic quantum tunneling of the electric charge (q-MQT) through the Coulomb energy barrier. For double junctions the tunneling rate scales as ${\mathit{V}}^{3}$, and approximately as the product of the junction conductances, as predicted by the theory of inelastic q-MQT.
Simplified direct radioimmunoassay method for measuring carcinoembryonic antigen. (1975)

The radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen as usually carried out is an involved, time-consuming procedure complicated by the use of a dialysis step to remove perchloric acid from an extract of the sample. A simplified direct assay for the antigen in serum or plasma is reported here. It is evaluated in comparison with our earlier method which was done using perchloric acid extraction of the samples. The results of the simplified method compare favorably with those of the indirect method.