gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAST CELLS AS “TUNABLE” EFFECTOR AND IMMUNOREGULATORY CELLS: Recent Advances (2005)

This review focuses on recent progress in our understanding of how mast cells can contribute to the initiation, development, expression, and regulation of acquired immune responses, both those associated with IgE and those that are apparently expressed independently of this class of Ig. We emphasize findings derived from in vivo studies in mice, particularly those employing genetic approaches to influence mast cell numbers and/or to alter or delete components of pathways that can regulate mast cell development, signaling, or function. We advance the hypothesis that mast cells not only can function as proinflammatory effector cells and drivers of tissue remodeling in established acquired immune responses, but also may contribute to the initiation and regulation of such responses. That is, we propose that mast cells can also function as immunoregulatory cells. Finally, we show that the notion that mast cells have primarily two functional configurations, off (or resting) or on (or activated for extensive mediator release), markedly oversimplifies reality. Instead, we propose that mast cells are "tunable," by both genetic and environmental factors, such that, depending on the circumstances, the cell can be positioned phenotypically to express a wide spectrum of variation in the types, kinetics, and/or magnitude of its secretory functions.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2003)

The Journal has recently published several clinical reports and virologic studies of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Those articles, along with editorial commentary, have been published electronically at www.nejm.org. The full text of the articles is available to both subscribers and nonsubscribers. The articles will appear in print in a future issue of the Journal. Readers who want to be notified as soon as an article is published electronically should sign up for the Journal's e-mail alerting service. We will send an alert about the publication of any additional article or commentary on SARS. To sign up . . .
Promise, progress, and problems in whole disc tissue engineering (2018)

Intervertebral disc degeneration is frequently implicated as a cause of back and neck pain, which are pervasive musculoskeletal complaints in modern society. For the treatment of end stage disc degeneration, replacement of the disc with a viable, tissue-engineered construct that mimics native disc structure and function is a promising alternative to fusion or mechanical arthroplasty techniques. Substantial progress has been made in the field of whole disc tissue engineering over the past decade, with a variety of innovative designs characterized both in vitro and in vivo in animal models. However, significant barriers to clinical translation remain, including construct size, cell source, culture technique, and the identification of appropriate animal models for preclinical evaluation. Here we review the clinical need for disc tissue engineering, the current state of the field, and the outstanding challenges that will need to be addressed by future work in this area.
Titanium silicate molecular sieve, TS-1, catalysed C–C bond formation in Mukaiyama type aldol reactions (1996)

The titanium silicate molecular sieve, TS-1, efficiently catalyses the formation of carbon–carbon bond in the Mukaiyama type aldol reaction of silyl enol ethers and aldehydes forming β-hydroxy esters/aldols in high yields under heterogeneous and ambient reaction conditions.
Real time state of charge prediction using Kalman Filter (2009)

This paper describes a method that uses to predict and estimation of the state-of-charge (SOC), instantaneous available power information to very accurately. We proposed a Kalman Filtering based a prediction approach which has been implemented into the microcontroller for the real time dynamic state estimation. This paper we also proposed a Kalman Filter based method that uses dynamic cell model and state-of-charge side information to very accurately predict the battery power.
A low-power active switched-capacitor loop filter for phase locked loops (2010)

We propose a low-power active switched-capacitor (SC) implementation of the loop filter for PLL applications. Control voltage ripples caused by current mismatches are eliminated. Sub-threshold inverters are employed as the active components of the filter resulting in very low circuit power consumption. Moreover, 1/f noise of the inverter amplifier is suppressed by the SC auto-zeroing. Transistor level simulation of a 2.4-GHz frequency synthesizer in a 0.18 μm technology is carried out to verify the proposed loop filter. With a 10 MHz input reference frequency, the sub-threshold inverter amplifier consumes about 110 uA with a 1.25 V power supply.
<i>Plasmodium vivax</i> clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people (2010)

Malaria therapy, experimental, and epidemiological studies have shown that erythrocyte Duffy blood group-negative people, largely of African ancestry, are resistant to erythrocyte Plasmodium vivax infection. These findings established a paradigm that the Duffy antigen is required for P. vivax erythrocyte invasion. P. vivax is endemic in Madagascar, where admixture of Duffy-negative and Duffy-positive populations of diverse ethnic backgrounds has occurred over 2 millennia. There, we investigated susceptibility to P. vivax blood-stage infection and disease in association with Duffy blood group polymorphism. Duffy blood group genotyping identified 72% Duffy-negative individuals (FY*B(ES)/*B(ES)) in community surveys conducted at eight sentinel sites. Flow cytometry and adsorption-elution results confirmed the absence of Duffy antigen expression on Duffy-negative erythrocytes. P. vivax PCR positivity was observed in 8.8% (42/476) of asymptomatic Duffy-negative people. Clinical vivax malaria was identified in Duffy-negative subjects with nine P. vivax monoinfections and eight mixed Plasmodium species infections that included P. vivax (4.9 and 4.4% of 183 participants, respectively). Microscopy examination of blood smears confirmed blood-stage development of P. vivax, including gametocytes. Genotyping of polymorphic surface and microsatellite markers suggested that multiple P. vivax strains were infecting Duffy-negative people. In Madagascar, P. vivax has broken through its dependence on the Duffy antigen for establishing human blood-stage infection and disease. Further studies are necessary to identify the parasite and host molecules that enable this Duffy-independent P. vivax invasion of human erythrocytes.
Attachment of Platinum Nanoparticles to Substrates by Coating and Polyol Reduction of A Platinum Precursor (2011)

Metal nanoparticles with good adhesion to substrates are important in practical applications, such as in catalysis, but directly depositing metal nanoparticles on substrates with good adhesion from a solution of their precursors has been rarely explored. This work reports a two-step method to deposit catalytic platinum (Pt) nanoparticles with good adhesion to substrates by solution processing and chemical reduction of a Pt precursor at a relatively low temperature. The first step is to coat a layer of H2PtCl6 on a substrate, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), or conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The second step is to cast ethylene glycol (EG) on the H2PtCl6 layer and convert H2PtCl6 into metallic Pt nanoparticles by heating at 160 °C for a few minutes. The Pt nanoparticles join together into a continuous Pt nanoparticle structure that is different from the dendritic structure and has good adhesion to substrates. The good adhesion of the Pt nanoparticles to the substrates is attributed to the deposition of the Pt nanoparticles with high surface energy and the disappearance of EG shortly after the nanoparticle formation. The Pt nanoparticles cannot be removed from the substrates by adhesive tape peeling or sonication. The continuous Pt nanoparticle strutures can be used as the catalyst for many energy-conversion electrochemical reactions, such as oxidation of methanol and reduction of triiodide. They were also used as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The DSCs exhibited light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 8.02% under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm−2) and good stability.
Object Tracking and Target Reacquisition Based on 3-D Range Data for Moving Vehicles (2011)

In this paper, we propose an approach for tracking an object of interest based on 3-D range data. We employ particle filtering and active contours to simultaneously estimate the global motion of the object and its local deformations. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of range information to deal with the challenging (but common) situation in which the tracked object disappears from the image domain entirely and reappears later. To cope with this problem, a method based on principle component analysis (PCA) of shape information is proposed. In the proposed method, if the target disappears out of frame, shape similarity energy is used to detect target candidates that match a template shape learned online from previously observed frames. Thus, we require no a priori knowledge of the target's shape. Experimental results show the practical applicability and robustness of the proposed algorithm in realistic tracking scenarios.
Role of Carbonaceous Supports and Potassium Promoter on Higher Alcohols Synthesis over Copper–Iron Catalysts (2018)

The identification of an effective copper–iron catalyst for the direct conversion of synthesis gas into higher alcohols is hindered by the low solubility limit of Cu in Fe and the limited understanding of structural and electronic descriptors in such multicomponent systems. Here, commercial carbonaceous carriers are shown to produce an efficient material only if they enable control of the size and location of metal species through confinement in adequately sized channels, with conical carbon nanofibers being more adequate than carbon nanotubes. Application of a sol–gel route was preferred to other deposition methods to avoid excessive Cu aggregation, associated with enhanced CO2 formation. A bulk Cu/Fe ratio of 2 permitted one to balance the different tendencies of Cu and Fe toward agglomeration, i.e., to form numerous Cu particles of moderate size and hinder the dispersion of the Fe phase and in turn the Fischer–Tropsch activity. Promotion by tiny amounts of potassium was instrumental to further increase the size of the Fe particles and enhance their proximity to Cu. These structural features were associated with a more facile Cu-mediated reduction of the Fe phase and a more pronounced hydrogen activation ability, based on thermal characterization under reaction conditions, and maximized the higher alcohols selectivity (47%) and the olefins fraction among hydrocarbons (50%). An in-depth kinetic analysis over the top performer provided guidelines to optimize temperature, pressure, H2/CO ratio, and residence time, leading to a space time yield of 0.53 gHA gcat–1 h–1. This value is almost twice as high as that of the state-of-the-art bimodal silica-supported CuFe system and could be maintained for 100 h on stream.
Finding more null pointer bugs, but not too many (2007)

In the summer of 2006, the FindBugs project was challenged to improve the null pointer analysis in FindBugs so that we could find more null pointer bugs. In particular, we were challenged to try to do as well as a publicly available analysis by Reasoning, Inc on version 4.1.24 of Apache Tomcat. Reasoning's report is a result of running their own static analysis tool and using manual auditing to remove false positives. Reasoning reported a total of 9 null pointer warnings in Tomcat 4.1.24, of which only 2 were reported by FindBugs 1.0. While we wanted to improve the analysis in FindBugs, we wanted to retain our current low level of false positives.
Effect of injection current density on electroluminescence in silicon quantum dot light-emitting diodes (2009)

We report the effect of injection current density on the electroluminescence (EL) from silicon quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes. The EL spectra as a function of injection current density were blueshifted and broad. These results are attributed to both the increase in the contribution of small Si QDs in the silicon nitride film due to the increase in the injection current density and the recombination of electron-hole pairs between excited states in the Si QDs due to band bending under high bias.
Assessment of the absorption, metabolism and absolute bioavailability of maraviroc in healthy male subjects (2008)

Maraviroc is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized, although unchanged maraviroc is the major circulating component in plasma and is the major excreted component after oral dosing. The pharmacokinetics of maraviroc after i.v. administration is approximately proportional over the dose range studied. Renal clearance contributes 23% of total clearance. The absolute bioavailability of 100 mg oral maraviroc is 23%.
Total Synthesis of Two Photoactivatable Analogues of the Growth-Factor-Like Mediator Sphingosine 1-Phosphate:  Differential Interaction with Protein Targets (2003)

The first synthesis of two photoreactive analogues of the lipid mediator and second messenger sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), [(32)P]-labeled (2S,3R)-14-O-(4'-benzoylphenyl)- and (2S,3R)-14-O-((4'-trifluoromethyldiazirinyl)phenyl)-(4E)-tetradecenyl-2-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phosphate, is described. The interactions of these probes with the S1P type-1 receptor (S1P(1)) transfected into membranes of rat hepatoma cells and with plasma proteins were analyzed. The S1P(1) receptor interacted in a specific manner with the benzophenone-containing ligand (K(D) = 84 +/- 10 nM vs K(D) for S1P = 36 +/- 2 nM); in contrast, no saturable specific binding was found with the diazirine-containing ligand. However, the same pattern was found for labeling of plasma proteins by both probes, indicating that different parts of the S1P pharmacophore underlie the interaction of S1P with its receptor and plasma carrier proteins.
Instruction scheduling for clustered VLIW architectures (2000)

Clustered VLIW organizations are nowadays a common trend in the design of embedded/DSP processors. In this work we propose a novel modulo scheduling approach for such architectures. The proposed technique performs the cluster assignment and the instruction scheduling in a single pass, which is more effective than doing first the assignment and latter the scheduling. We also show that loop unrolling significantly enhances the performance of the proposed scheduler, especially when the communication channel among clusters is the main performance bottleneck. By selectively unrolling some loops, we can obtain the best performance with the minimum increase in code size. Performance evaluation for the SPECfp95 shows that the clustered architecture achieves about the same IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) as a unified architecture with the same resources. Moreover, when the cycle time is taken into account, a 4-cluster configuration is 3.6 times faster than the unified architecture.
Foldamer-mediated manipulation of a pre-amyloid toxin (2016)

Disordered proteins, such as those central to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are particularly intractable for structure-targeted therapeutic design. Here we demonstrate the capacity of a synthetic foldamer to capture structure in a disease relevant peptide. Oligoquinoline amides have a defined fold with a solvent-excluded core that is independent of its outwardly projected, derivatizable moieties. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a peptide central to β-cell pathology in type II diabetes. A tetraquinoline is presented that stabilizes a pre-amyloid, α-helical conformation of IAPP. This charged, dianionic compound is readily soluble in aqueous buffer, yet crosses biological membranes without cellular assistance: an unexpected capability that is a consequence of its ability to reversibly fold. The tetraquinoline docks specifically with intracellular IAPP and rescues β-cells from toxicity. Taken together, our work here supports the thesis that stabilizing non-toxic conformers of a plastic protein is a viable strategy for cytotoxic rescue addressable using oligoquinoline amides.
Swarm assignment and trajectory optimization using variable-swarm, distributed auction assignment and sequential convex programming (2016)

This paper presents a distributed, guidance and control algorithm for reconfiguring swarms composed of hundreds to thousands of agents with limited communication and computation capabilities. This algorithm solves both the optimal assignment and collision-free trajectory generation for robotic swarms, in an integrated manner, when given the desired shape of the swarm (without pre-assigned terminal positions). The optimal assignment problem is solved using a distributed auction assignment that can vary the number of target positions in the assignment, and the collision-free trajectories are generated using sequential convex programming. Finally, model predictive control is used to solve the assignment and trajectory generation in real time using a receding horizon. The model predictive control formulation uses current state measurements to resolve for the optimal assignment and trajectory. The implementation of the distributed auction algorithm and sequential convex programming using model predictive control produces the swarm assignment and trajectory optimization (SATO) algorithm that transfers a swarm of robots or vehicles to a desired shape in a distributed fashion. Once the desired shape is uploaded to the swarm, the algorithm determines where each robot goes and how it should get there in a fuel-efficient, collision-free manner. Results of flight experiments using multiple quadcopters show the effectiveness of the proposed SATO algorithm.
Comparison of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles for Oxy-Combustion (2015)

Advanced oxy-combustion coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles offers a path to achieve efficient power generation with integrated carbon capture for base load power generation. One commonality among high efficiency sCO2 cycles is the extensive use of recuperation within the cycle. This high degree of recuperation results in high temperatures at the thermal input device and a smaller temperature rise to the turbine inlet. When combined with typical high side pressures ranging from 150 to 300 bar, these conditions pose a non-trivial challenge for fossil fired sCO2 cycles with respect to cycle layout and thermal integration. A narrow thermal input window can be tolerated for indirect cycles such as those used for nuclear power generation and concentrating solar power plants, however, it is at odds with traditional coal or natural gas fired Rankine cycles where the working fluid has been condensed and cooled to near ambient temperatures. Coal fired sCO2 cycles using oxy-combustion have been examined by Southwest Research Institute and Thar Energy L.L.C. under DOE award DE-FE0009593. Under this project, an indirect supercritical oxy-combustion cycle was developed that provides 99% carbon capture with a 37.9% HHV plant efficiency. This cycle achieves a predicted COE of $121/MWe with no credits taken for the additional 9% of carbon capture, and represents a 21% reduction in cost as compared to supercritical steam with 90% carbon capture ($137/MWe). Direct fired sCO2 cycles for natural gas or syngas are currently being evaluated by Southwest Research Institute and Thar Energy L.L.C. under DOE award DE-FE0024041. Initial evaluations of direct fired supercritical oxy-combustion cycles indicate that plant efficiencies on the order of 51% to 54% can be achieved with direct fired natural gas oxy-combustion when paired with the recompression cycle with 1,200 °C firing temperatures at 200 bar. Direct fired natural gas or syngas sCO2 cycles still face significant technology development needs, with the pressurized oxy-combustor a significant component with a low Technology Readiness Level, (TRL) as defined by the DOE. In addition to the combustion system, significant work will be required to prepare the sCO2 turbomachinery for the turbine inlet temperatures required to achieve plant efficiencies greater than 50%.
Analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water quality in and around Saltpans of Prakasam (Dt.) A.P (2011)

One of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century is to provide an adequate supply of safe drinking water for house hold consumption to everyone. But today water pollution is the biggest problem for Human beings which deteriorates the water quality. Bore well and open well water were selected for analysis in the present study located in and around salt pans of Oollapalam and Ooguru of Prakasam (Dt.)in A.P. The potability, salinity and Water Quality Index of available water sources in that area were estimated in the present study. The analysed Physico-chemical Parameters in collected water were, pH,conductivity(mmhos),turbidity,total solids,total dissolved and suspended solids,total hardness,Ca & Mg hardness,chlorides,alkalinity,nitrates,sulphates, phosphates,DO,BOD & COD,Bo,Na,K etc. All these were analysed in mg/l and at last Sodium Absorption Ratio (mmol/l) was also calculated. All these were calculated by below mentioned formulas. The findings clearly indicated that saline effluent has polluted water and the results obtained indicate us that the detrimental impact of saline effluent on water quality rendering it unsuitable for the propagation of life and is unfit for agricultural purposes.
Models for sentence compression (2006)

Sentence compression is the task of producing a summary at the sentence level. This paper focuses on three aspects of this task which have not received detailed treatment in the literature: training requirements, scalability, and automatic evaluation. We provide a novel comparison between a supervised constituent-based and an weakly supervised word-based compression algorithm and examine how these models port to different domains (written vs. spoken text). To achieve this, a human-authored compression corpus has been created and our study highlights potential problems with the automatically gathered compression corpora currently used. Finally, we assess whether automatic evaluation measures can be used to determine compression quality.