gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric Detection of Warfare Gases by Polydiacetylenes Toward Equipment‐Free Detection (2012)

Abstract Rationally designed polydiacetylene (PDA) molecules have been developed for rapid, selective, sensitive, and convenient colorimetric detection of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents, a mass destruction weapon. Oxime (OX) functionality was incorporated into diacetylene molecules to utilize its strong affinity toward organophosphates. The diacetylene molecules having an OX functional group (OX‐PDA) were self‐assembled to form PDA liposomes in an aqueous solution. Upon exposure to organophosphate nerve agent simulants, OX at the OX‐PDA liposome surface interacts with nerve agent simulants, which results in intraliposomal repulsive stress due to steric repulsion between OP‐occupied OX units at the liposome surface as well as interliposomal aggregation induced by increased hydrophobicity of the liposome surface via OP‐OX complex formation. The resulting intra‐ and interliposomal stress causes disturbance of the conjugated backbone of OX‐PDA, producing color change as a label‐free and sensitive sensory signal. The effects of molecular structure on selectivity and sensitivity of OX‐PDA liposome solution, OX‐PDA liposome‐embedded agarose gels, and OX‐PDA liposome‐coated cellulose acetate membranes were systematically investigated. The optimized OX‐PDA liposome in the solid state showed selective and rapid optical transition upon exposure down to 160 ppb of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a nerve agent simulant. The results provide an insightful molecular design principle of PDA‐based colorimetric sensor and suggest portable sensory patches for rapid, selective, sensitive, and convenient colorimetric detection of organophosphate nerve agents.
Evolution equations and subdifferentials in Banach spaces (2003)

Sufficient conditions for the existence of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem are given for the evolution equation $du(t)$/$dt + \partial\upsilon^1(u(t))- \partial\upsilon^2(u(t)) \in f(t)$ in V*, where $\partial\upsilon^1$ is the so-called subdifferential operator from a Banach space V into its dual space V* ($i$ = 1,2).

 

   Studies for this equation in the Hilbert space framework has been done by several authors. However the study in the V -V* setting is not pursued yet.



 

   Our method of proof relies on some approximation arguments in a Hilbert space. To carry out this procedure, it is assumed that there exists a Hilbert space H satisfying $V \subset H \-= H$* $\subset V$* with densely defined continuous injections.



 

   As an application of our abstract theory, the initial-boundary value problem is discussed for the nonlinear heat equation: $ut(x, t)-\Delta_p u(x, t)-|u|^(q-2) u(x, t) = f(x, t), x \in \Omega, u|_(\partial\Omega) = 0, t \>= 0$, where ­$\Omega$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb(R)^N$. In particular, the local existence of solutions is assured under the so-called subcritical condition, i.e., $q < p$*, where $p$* denotes Sobolev’s critical exponent, provided that the initial data $u_0$ belongs to $W_0^(1,p)(\­Omega)$.
Experimental long wavelength quantum cryptography: from single-photon transmission to key extraction protocols (2000)

Abstract We present experiments on long wavelength (δ = 1.55 μm) ‘plug and play’ quantum cryptography systems. We discuss the performance of single-photon detectors at δ = 1.55 μm. Furthermore, we address the full implementation of the quantum cryptography protocol, discussing in detail the implementation of protocols for error correction and privacy amplification needed to get a secure key. We illustrate the theory with examples from a full software simulation to show the performance of the complete protocol in terms of final secure key creation rate.
Microring quadrature modulators (2009)

A high-Q microring integrated with a dual-2x2-Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupler is proposed as a low-chirp, low-distortion, low-drive-power, quadrature modulator capable of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and phase-shift keyed outputs. The modulation rate can greatly exceed the resonator linewidth and is limited only by the coupler response or free spectral range.
The Spanwise Distribution of Lift for Minimum Induced Drag of Wings Having a Given Lift and a Given Bending Moment (1950)

Note presenting an exploration of the problem of the minimum induced drag of wings with a given lift and a given span extended to include cases in which the bending moment to be supported by the wing is also given. The theory is limited to lifting surfaces traveling at subsonic speeds.
A Two-Dimensional White-Light Amplitude Interferometer (1979)

Abstract A review of the applications of a point-symmetric, 180-degree, rotational shearing interferometer is given. Material includes, photographs of the Michelson stellar interferometer fringes from α Lyr, measures of amplitude of phase excursions in the atmosphere, and a measure of the order of interference in speckle patterns. New material includes unpublished double star speckle patterns to illustrate the isoplanatic patch, a measure of the time fluctuations of the earths' atmosphere, and measurements of the properties of a 256 channel linear reticon.
Three essays addressing issues in retail channels (2008)

My dissertation examines the effect of several changes occurring in the retail environment. In the first essay, I study competition among retail formats. I examine the phenomenon retailers call channel blurring: consumers moving their purchases from channels traditionally associated with that category to alternative channels. At one time, different retail formats served different purposes, but they are slowly becoming indistinguishable. For example, mass merchandisers are now carrying sizeable assortments of groceries and pharmaceuticals, while drug chains such are stocking their shelves with toys and household items. I examine how consumers are responding to these changes. My results show that consumers view retail formats as substitutable, that households who are more brand loyal are also more retail format loyal, and that households who purchase private labels are also format loyal.In the second essay, I examine retail chain choice behavior at the basket level. I develop a model of retail chain choice behavior to understand what factors underlie this decision. The results show that the retailers' food price image has a bigger impact than non-food price image, and that different retailers have customers who use assortment differently. Implications of this are discussed with respect to marketing mix decisions.In the third essay, I examine retail competition from a legal perspective by performing an empirical analysis of the case history of the Robinson-Patman Act. While the stated goal of the Act is to prevent price discrimination and level the playing field for small buyers, in reality the marketplace may not be not aligned with this goal. Anecdotal evidence suggests that Wal-Mart and others obtain better prices for the same goods when compared with small competitors. I find evidence that the Brooke Group Supreme Court ruling significantly decreased the probability of a plaintiff winning a Robinson-Patman case. The finding is particularly evident in primary-line cases and cases where the issue of competitive harm is addressed. Additionally, I find the importance of plaintiff resources changes after the Brooke Group ruling such that small plaintiffs are significantly more successful than large plaintiffs before Brooke Group but are significantly less successful after the ruling.
Continuous-flow sorting of stem cells and differentiation products based on dielectrophoresis (2015)

This paper presents a continuous-flow microfluidic device for sorting stem cells and their differentiation progenies. The principle of the device is based on the accumulation of multiple dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces to deflect cells laterally in conjunction with the alternating on/off electric field to manipulate the cell trajectories. The microfluidic device containing a large array of oblique interdigitated electrodes was fabricated using a combination of standard and soft lithography techniques to generate a PDMS-gold electrode construct. Experimental testing with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and their differentiation progenies (osteoblasts) was carried out at different flow rates, and clear separation of the two populations was achieved. Most of the osteoblasts experiencing stronger DEP forces were deflected laterally and continuously, following zig-zag trajectories, and moved towards the desired collection outlet, whereas most of the hMSCs remained on the original trajectory due to weaker DEP forces. The experimental measurements were characterized and evaluated quantitatively, and consistent performance was demonstrated. Collection efficiency up to 92% and 67% for hMSCs and osteoblasts, respectively, along with purity up to 84% and 87% was obtained. The experimental results established the feasibility of our microfluidic DEP sorting device for continuous, label-free sorting of stem cells and their differentiation progenies.
A review of desiccant dehumidification technology (1994)

This paper overviews applications of desiccant technology for dehumidifying commercial and institutional buildings. Because of various market, policy, and regulatory factors, this technology is especially attractive for dehumidification applications in the 1990s. After briefly reviewing the principle of operation, the authors present three case studies-for supermarkets, a hotel, and an office building. The authors also discuss recent advances and ongoing research and development activities.
Discovery and Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase (2020)

The overaccumulation of glycogen appears as a hallmark in various glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), including Pompe, Cori, Andersen, and Lafora disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that suppression of glycogen accumulation represents a potential therapeutic approach for treating these GSDs. Using a fluorescence polarization assay designed to screen for inhibitors of the key glycogen synthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase (GS), we identified a substituted imidazole, (<i>rac</i>)-2-methoxy-4-(1-(2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl)-4-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-5-yl)phenol (<b>H23</b>), as a first-in-class inhibitor for yeast GS 2 (yGsy2p). Data from X-ray crystallography at 2.85 Å, as well as kinetic data, revealed that <b>H23</b> bound within the uridine diphosphate glucose binding pocket of yGsy2p. The high conservation of residues between human and yeast GS in direct contact with <b>H23</b> informed the development of around 500 <b>H23</b> analogs. These analogs produced a structure-activity relationship profile that led to the identification of a substituted pyrazole, 4-(4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-5-yl)pyrogallol, with a 300-fold improved potency against human GS. These substituted pyrazoles possess a promising scaffold for drug development efforts targeting GS activity in GSDs associated with excess glycogen accumulation.
Properties of GaP(001) surfaces chemically treated in NH4OH solution (2006)

Chemically cleaned GaP(001) surfaces in 25% NH4OH solution have been studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and wettability measurement techniques. The SE data clearly indicate that the solution causes removal of the native oxide film immediately upon immersing the sample. The SE data also indicate that when the native oxide film is completely etch removed, the resulting surface is still roughened. The estimated roughness thickness is ∼1.2nm, in excellent agreement with the AFM rms value (∼1.2nm). The XPS spectra confirm the removal of the native oxide from the GaP surface. The XPS data also suggest a thin oxide overlayer, ∼0.3nm thick, on the etch-cleaned GaP surface. The wettability measurements indicate that the as-degreased surface is hydrophobic, while the NH4OH-cleaned surface is hydrophilic. This result is in direct contrast to those obtained from acid cleaned surfaces, which are usually hydrophobic. The origin of hydrophilicity may be singular and associated hydroxyl groups bonded on the GaP surface.
On structural optimization of composite shell structures using a discrete constitutive parametrization (2004)

Abstract In this article a novel method for structural optimization of laminated composite shell structures such as wind turbine blades is presented. The outer shape of a wind turbine blade is typically determined by aerodynamic considerations and therefore not subject to change. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the shell structures are also considered fixed. The design objective is chosen to be a global quantity such as maximum stiffness or lowest eigenfrequency with a constraint on the total mass, such that the cost of material can be considered. The design optimization method is based on ideas from multiphase topology optimization where the material stiffness (or density) is computed as a weighted sum of candidate materials, and the method is easy to implement in existing finite element codes. The potential of the method to solve the combinatorial problem of proper choice of material, stacking sequence and fibre orientation simultaneously for maximum stiffness or lowest eigenfrequency design is illustrated on both small test examples and a real‐life main spar from a wind turbine blade. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Green and Efficient Synthesis of ZSM-5 Using NaY as Seed with Mother Liquid Recycling and in the Absence of Organic Template (2010)

A green and efficient route toward the synthesis of ZSM-5 is developed, which is characterized by using silica gel powder as silica source and NaY as seed, low synthesis H2O/SiO2 ratio, high zeolite yield, mother liquid recycling, and organic template free. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized with silica to alumina ratios from 30 to 70 under autogenous pressure using NaY as seed. By fine-tuning the chemical composition, ZSM-5 with high crystallinity was obtained. Compared with the conventional synthesis method using waterglass as silica source, this method considerably improves zeolite yield and silica source utilization. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, NH3-temperature programmed desorption, and pyridine infrared spectrum analysis. Besides creating less waste, mother liquid recycling has a positive effect on crystallization rate and crystal morphology. Crystallization mechanisms for silica powder as silica source with and without mother liquid recycling were also discussed. Catalytic cracking results show that ZSM-5 prepared by this method is a promising catalytic material.
A plain man's guide to the FFT (1994)

Provides a visual interpretation of the Cooley-Tukey family of FFT algorithms (Cooley and Tukey, 1965) in terms of the shifting properties of the Fourier-transform which equate shifts in one domain to proportional rotations in the alternative domain. This approach was proposed in an appendix to Chapter 6 of Kraniauskas (1992). The arguments presented in the article were developed with the aid of 3-dimensional graphics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measuring usability (1994)

article Free Access Share on Measuring usability: preference vs. performance Authors: Jakob Nielsen Bellcore, Morristown, NJ Bellcore, Morristown, NJView Profile , Jonathan Levy Univ. of California, San Diego Univ. of California, San DiegoView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 4April 1994pp 66–75https://doi.org/10.1145/175276.175282Published:01 April 1994Publication History 328citation8,152DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations328Total Downloads8,152Last 12 Months607Last 6 weeks184 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Proximity Effect Its Application to the Concentration of Heating Currents in Predetermined Strips (1932)

This paper describes methods of concentrating heating currents used for any industrial operation, such as welding, in predetermined strips of conducting plates, pipes, or other shapes. The method is to so place the shapes in close proximity to each other, or to auxiliary conductors, and to so interconnect the shapes with sources of alternating, or oscillatory, current of moderately high frequency that the heating current concentrates largely in adjacent strips in close proximity, in which the current flows in opposite directions in the two adjacent strips. Briefly stated, the method is to use an enhanced ``proximity effect'' to control the distribution of heating currents in bodies. The paper contains curves which have been worked out to illustrate the control of the distribution of the heating current densities by means of the proximity effect.
Optimizing visual sensor parameters for total coverage maximization (2014)

Modeling the sensor coverage is evidently indispensable to meet the requirements of a variety of visual sensor related applications. It is critical to be able to compute the camera coverage and to plan the system accordingly. However, optimizing the visual sensor parameters directly impacts the total performance in visual surveillance applications. This work highlights the theoretical bases of camera modeling. Moreover, the work focuses on calculating the visual sensor coverage via implementing a different set of parameter to maximize the total coverage. A complex scenario is used in the simulation and the results are presented in a comparative manner. The proposed method is capable of computing the camera coverage area in highly occluded scenes.
Ubiquitous, On-Line, Partial Discharge Trending (2018)

There is an increasing awareness of the role partial discharge monitoring plays in extending the operational life of electric power assets. For years, high value assets have undergone a periodic, off-line testing regimen; however, these tests are cost-prohibitive for the large numbers of transmission and distribution assets or even the electrical balance of plant equipment at generation facilities. This paper seeks to apply layered processing to extract meaningful information from real-time, on-line partial discharge signals, allowing asset health estimations from a highly reduced data stream consistent with distributed control systems.
Formation of a Three-Dimensional Multicellular Assembly Using Magnetic Patterning (2009)

We demonstrate a facile approach to design three-dimensional cellular assembly of tunable size and controlled geometry with applications for tissue engineering. Three-dimensional cell patterning was performed using external magnetic forces, without the need for substrate chemical or physical modifications. Human endothelial progenitor cells and mouse macrophages were magnetically labeled using anionic citrate-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Two magnetic tips were designed, and their magnetic field cartographies were calibrated. The focalized magnetic force generated ensured an efficient entrapment of the cells at the tips vicinity. By tuning the magnetic field gradient geometry and intensity, the magnetic cellular load, and the number of cells, we fully described the formation of the three-dimensional multicellular assemblies, and estimated the corresponding packing factor for a large range of experimental conditions.
Speculation of Nano-gap Sensor for DNA sequencing technology: A Review on Synthetic Nanopores (2018)

Nano-gap sensor is the next generation of single molecule analysis that consumes less resources, costs, times and spaces. The ultimate goal of this technology is rendering the ability to determine any living genetic code in several seconds using this portable device. In principle, DNA decryption was determined by tracking electrical signal change when DNA is passed through either natural or synthetic nanometer size gap. This review focuses on the synthetic nanopore, which is more robust, reliable and manageable with ease. Biological nanopore has been researched in parallel; however, the device reproducibility is a controversial issue. The history and development toward the future of this prospect technology will be elaborated attentively. The main limitation of nanopore sensor device is the controlling of DNA translocation dynamic through tiny pore. Many attempts had been tried and the synopsis will be contemplated in the review. Nonetheless, the present results of DNA sequencing have not been satisfied, the development of nanogap sensor is promising for genomic sequencing and molecular biology.
Soybean Vegetative Storage Protein Structure and Gene Expression (1988)

Depodded soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr. cv Williams) plants accumulate high levels of a glycoprotein in their leaves that has many features of a storage protein. The protein is found in all vegetative tissues which have been examined but not in the seeds. Translation in vitro indicated that elevated mRNA levels were at least partially responsible for the specific increase in vegetative storage protein. cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced, and an amino acid sequence was predicted. Although the amino acid composition is similar to that of seed storage proteins, no sequence similarity could be detected. Northern blot hybridization confirmed a large increase in vegetative storage protein mRNA in leaves of depodded plants. The vegetative storage proteins are represented by about four gene copies in the haploid genome.
Inactivation of Adenovirus and Simian Virus 40 Tumorigenicity in Hamsters by Vaccine Processing Methods (1967)

The effectiveness of the adenovirus vaccine inactivation process in destroying the tumorigenic potential for hamsters of adenoviruses, simian virus 40 (SV-40), and adenovirus-SV-40 hybrids was studied. Baby hamsters injected with untreated virus and with samples subjected to the complete inactivation process and to portions of the process were observed for tumor development for periods in excess of 300 days. Over 20,000 hamsters were injected. From 1 to 7 hr of exposure to formaldehyde at a concentration of 0.031 m at 37 C was sufficient to destroy the tumorigenicity observed in the nontreated preparations. Since the inactivation process included 48 hr of exposure at 37 C to 0.031 m formaldehyde plus treatment with ultraviolet (UV) and with beta-propiolactone (BPL), it was concluded that the process has a large margin of safety. Adenovirus isolates free from tumorigenic potential are difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. Therefore, a proven inactivation process appears to provide the best assurance for obtaining adenovirus vaccines free from such potential. Data presented suggest that the tumorigenic property of the viruses studied might be independent of the infectivity of the preparation. The tumorigenic property was found to be highly susceptible to formaldehyde, but less sensitive to BPL or UV treatment. In contrast, treatment with UV or BPL decreased viral infectivity more readily than tumorigenicity. The three-stage inactivation process (formaldehyde, UV, and BPL) inactivated both tumorigenicity and infectivity.