gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human cartilage lysozyme (1972)

The lysozyme content of human cartilage was measured by incubation of lyophilized, powdered cartilage in a variety of buffers and salt solutions, and the factors controlling the binding of lysozyme within cartilage were studied. Lysozyme was extracted from hyaline cartilage by buffers of pH greater than 9.0 by solutions 1 M in monovalent cations, and by solutions 0.12-0.40 M in divalent cations. The ability of cations to extract lysozyme from cartilage agreed with their known affinities for binding to chondroitin sulfate. The total extractable lysozyme content of five samples of human costal cartilage ranged from 1.45 to 3.36 mug lysozyme per mg of cartilage; for five samples of hyaline cartilage from peripheral joints the range was 0.80-3.03 mug lysozyme per mg of cartilage. Cartilage incubated in excess exogenous lysozyme could bind 0.053 equivalents of lysozyme per equivalent of chondroitin sulfate. Fibrocartilage and synovium from knee joints yielded no detectable lysozyme, despite the fact that synovium, a tissue rich in lysosomes, contained measurable quantities of beta-glucuronidase. Lysozyme extraction from cartilage was not augmented by incubation with streptolysin S. When incubation was carried out with mild extraction techniques, lysozyme extraction from cartilage tended to parallel uronic acid release, both as a function of time and from one specimen to another. The active material as lysozyme. Lysozyme occurs in human hyaline cartilage as a counterion to polyanionic glycosaminoglycans. Carextracted from cartilage met five criteria for identification tilage lysozyme appears to be extracellular and nonlysosomal. Degradation of cartilage may contribute to the increased serum and synovial fluid lysozyme levels often present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Aptamer‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Protein Arrays on a DNA Nanostructure (2005)

Lined up nicely: The self-assembly of proteins on rationally designed nanostructures into periodic linear arrays has been demonstrated. Triple-crossover DNA tiles 1 containing an aptamer sequence (AS) to which thrombin specifically binds can form linear arrays 2. These direct the ultimate positioning of thrombin proteins (green spheres) in 3. This system should facilitate the construction of other such programmable nanoscale protein arrays.
Nasal allergen challenge generates 1-0-hexadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1994)

We studied antigen-induced platelet activating factor and the 1-O-hexadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF) in nasal lavage fluids (NLF) by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS). During the early allergic reaction, there was a dramatic increase in the levels of lyso-PAF that peaked at 15 min (2.6±5.2 ng/ml, mean±SEM, n=6). Increasing doses of antigen produced a dose-dependent increase in the levels of lyso-PAF that peaked at the highest dose. Levels of lyso-PAF correlated strongly with those of N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity (r s =0.82, p=0.0001) and histamine (r s =0.57, p=0.002)
Transport in Charged Colloids Driven by Thermoelectricity (2008)

We study the thermal diffusion coefficient D{T} of a charged colloid in a temperature gradient, and find that it is to a large extent determined by the thermoelectric response of the electrolyte solution. The thermally induced salinity gradient leads in general to a strong increase with temperature. The difference of the heat of transport of coions and counterions gives rise to a thermoelectric field that drives the colloid to the cold or to the warm, depending on the sign of its charge. Our results provide an explanation for recent experimental findings on thermophoresis in colloidal suspensions.
East/Central/South African Genotype Chikungunya Virus, Brazil, 2014 (2015)

Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Thermally Enhanced Vapor Extraction for Removing PAHs from Lampblack-Contaminated Soil (2001)

This work summarizes the results of a feasibility study in support of a soil venting-thermal desorption (SVTD) process for remediating lampblack-impacted soil. Lampblack is the solid residue resulting from the gasification of crude oil. The SVTD process couples soil vapor extraction with in situ heating. The objective of this study is to determine the required temperature for desorbing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the compounds of regulatory concern, from lampblack. Bench-scale results are reported for the treatment of a soil-lampblack matrix containing 11 PAHs totaling about 4100 ppm (mg/kg) total PAH (TPAH). Solids characterization analyses suggested that these PAHs constitute about 60% of the organic residue on a solid matrix dominated by fine-grained sand and carbon-based lampblack particles. Thin section imagery supports the conceptual model of hydrocarbons associated with the surface of sand grains. SVTD testing for the sand-lampblack solids indicates that temperatures in excess of about 250°C are sufficient to mobilize most of the PAHs. Specifically, at temperatures between 250°C and 300°C, the TPAH level in the soil-lampblack matrix was reduced to less than 100 ppm in 10 days. The dynamics of PAH removal were captured reasonably well by a mass balance accounting for the temperature dependent volatilization of an ideal PAH mixture. Both simulated and experimental results support the finding that the vast majority of the PAH removal from this sand-lampblack matrix was controlled by thermodynamic considerations (as opposed to mass transfer resistances). A small residual PAH fraction (roughly 40 ppm TPAH) was observed to persist in the solids even at temperatures in excess of 650°C. Although the specific state of these persistent PAHs is unknown, they may reside within an extremely nonvolatile residue or be otherwise strongly sequestered in the solid matrix.
Survival Benefit With Radium-223 Dichloride in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis (2013)

Our findings strongly support the development of radium-223 dichloride for the treatment of breast cancer patients with or at high risk of developing bone metastases.
BDNF and Full-length and Truncated TrkB Expression in Alzheimer Disease. Implications in Therapeutic Strategies (1999)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and full-length and truncated tyrosin kinase B receptor (TrkB) protein expression were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of individuals affected by long-lasting severe Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-matched controls. Since preliminary processing studies in the brains of rats have shown loss of immunoreactivity depending on the postmortem delay in tissue processing and on the type, duration, and temperature of the fixative solution, only human samples obtained up to 6 hours (h) after death for biochemical and morphological studies and fixed by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h for morphological studies were included in the present series. Decreased BDNF and full-length TrkB expression accompanied by increased truncated TrkB expression, as revealed by Western blotting, was observed in the frontal cortex of patients with AD. Immunohistochemistry disclosed reduced BDNF and full-length TrkB immunoreactivity in neurons. BDNF decrease was equally observed in tangle-bearing and non-tangle-bearing neurons, as revealed with double-labeling immunohistochemistry to BDNF and phosphorylated tau or phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes. Full-length TrkB immunoreactivity was largely decreased in tangle-bearing neurons, whereas only moderate decreases occurred in neurons with granulovacuolar degeneration. Strong BDNF immunoreactivity was observed in dystrophic neurites surrounding senile plaques, whereas strong TrkB expression occurred in reactive glial cells, including those surrounding senile plaques. Finally, truncated TrkB immunoreactivity was observed in individual neurons and in reactive glial cells in the cerebral cortex and white matter in AD. These results show decay in the expression of BDNF and TrkB in AD neurons, accompanied by altered BDNF, and full-length and truncated TrkB expression in dystrophic neurites and reactive glial cells, respectively, in this disease. The present results demonstrate selective decline of the BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signaling pathway in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in AD and provide supplemental data that may be relevant in discussing the suitability of the use of BDNF as a therapeutic agent in patients with AD.
Flexible polymer humidity sensor fabricated by inkjet printing (2011)

In this paper a humidity sensor concept is presented which is fully fabricated by inkjet printing. In the first step conductive finger electrodes are inkjet printed on flexible polyimide substrate with a silver neodecanoate based ink. Afterwards a humidity sensitive layer is printed upon using a polymer particle based ink. Two approaches are presented for minimizing the line width of the electrode fingers. The humidity sensitivities of the sensor capacitances are investigated. The results are promising and demonstrate, that inkjet printed sensors are potentially suited for label applications. The achieved sensitivity, repeatability and hysteresis are in acceptable ranges.
Tenderness of broiler breast fillets from carcasses treated with electrical stimulation and extended chilling times (1999)

Postmortem electrical stimulation (ES) (450 V, 450 mA, 2 s on, 1 s off for five pulses) has been shown to decrease the toughness associated with early deboning. Most studies involving this system have been concerned with obtaining "acceptable" tenderness in fillets deboned at about 1 h postmortem, the time of carcass exit from an immersion chiller. However, the effects of ES combined with deboning at 2 h postmortem needs to be evaluated because some processors are considering extended immersion chilling and those already using air chilling require approximately 2 h for this process. Two 32-bird trials were conducted to compare tenderness in broiler breast fillets from ES-treated carcasses deboned at 1 and 2 h postmortem and fillets from control (C) carcasses deboned at 1 and 4 h postmortem. The Allo-Kramer shear value means of ES-2 h and C-4 h fillets were not different from each other and were significantly lower than that of the ES-lh fillets, which was significantly lower than the C-lh fillets. There was no significant difference among treatments associated with thaw loss or cook loss. The ES-2 h, ES-1 h, and C-4 h samples had significantly higher R-values and lower pH values than the C-1 h samples, indicating more advanced rigor development. These results indicate that deboning fillets from ES-treated carcasses at 2 h postmortem yields meat with a tenderness equivalent to the value reached with 4 h aging on the carcass. This is a 50% reduction in the time needed to achieve this level of tenderness.
The HIV-1 regulatory protein Nef has a specific function in viral expression in a murine macrophage cell line (1994)

Expression of reporter genes under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) was up-regulated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264 by cotransfection of a plasmid coding for the viral regulatory protein Nef. To determine if a discrete section of the LTR was exclusively responsive to Nef, a series of promoters was produced by successive 5' deletions from the LTR up to the boundary of the enhancer region. These truncated promoters were as active as the full-length sequence in the RAW264 cells, but elimination of the direct repeats and one of the three Sp1 sites reduced promoter activity to minimal levels. Transcription driven by all constructs was equally susceptible to the trans-activating effect of Nef and could be increased further by the addition of a Tat-expressing plasmid to the cotransfection. Open reading frames of nef from NL4-3, from HXB2, which has a premature stop, and a fully functional hybrid of the two under the control of the SR alpha artificial promoter (SV40 early promoter plus HTLV-I R-U5') were able to transactivate the LTR in RAW264 cells to the same degree as HXB3 nef under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter. A frameshift mutation of Nef at the XhoI site at position 8475 did not abrogate trans-activation of the LTR in macrophages. To further define the effective trans-activation region of Nef, internal deletions were made. Changes downstream of the XhoI site at amino acid 35 resulted in little or no reduction in trans-activation, whereas a deletion between the CMV promoter of the expression plasmid and the XhoI site largely abolished activity. Nef trans-activation of the LTR may be restricted to macrophages. Parallel cotransfection experiments in COS-1 simian fibroblast-like cells showed repression of reporter expression by Nef. Results suggested that the section of nef responsible for transactivation of the LTR in macrophages differed slightly from that sufficient for trans-repression in fibroblasts. Translation of the protein from the first translation start site (Met-1) rather than from the second in-frame ATG (Met-20) appears to be necessary for the trans-activating effect of Nef in RAW264 cells. Mutation of the initial ATG to ATA led to loss of trans-activating activity. Expression of Nef also has a cytostatic/cytotoxic effect on RAW264 cells indicated by a reduced rate of establishment of stably transfected clones. The cytostatic effect of Nef was not relieved by internal deletions in the coding sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Association of asialo-galactosyl beta 1-3N-acetylgalactosamine on the hinge with a conformational instability of Jacalin-reactive immunoglobulin A1 in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. (1996)

The O-glycans in Jacalin-binding immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) were released by gas-phase hydrazinolysis and were fractionated by gel filtration and reversed-phase HPLC. Four peaks (P1 to P4) were obtained. There was a significant shift from Peak 2 (monosialylated Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) to Peak 4 (asialo-Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) in the IgA-nephropathy group compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). One of the functions of the carbohydrate side chains is to stabilize the three-dimensional structure of the glycopeptides. In order to evaluate the stability of the Jacalin-binding IgA1 molecule, the increase in turbidity as a consequence of the increase of the aggregated IgA1 level under the condition of high temperature (63 degrees C) was observed. The increase in the turbidity was significantly higher in the IgA nephropathy group compared with the negative control group (21.7 vs. 5.9% at 150 min, P < 0.02). From a sample of IgA1 solution that had originated from a pooled normal serum, heat-tolerant (nonaggregated) and intolerant (aggregated) IgA1 molecules were separated by gel filtration. The heat-intolerant IgA1 had lower amounts of sialic acid (27.4 micrograms/mg IgA1) than the tolerant IgA1 (37.6 micrograms/mg IgA1). Further, the analysis of the O-glycans released from another IgA1 sample by the hydrazinolysis revealed that the ratio of the asialo-Gal beta 1-3GalNAc/total Gal beta 1-3GalNAc in the heat-in-tolerant IgA1 (27.2%) was increased compared with that in the heat-tolerant IgA1 (18.2%). From these results, it was suggested that unusual glycosylation on the hinge region of Jacalin-binding IgA1 induced an insufficient conformational stiffness to the hinge peptide, resulting in the aggregation of the IgA1 molecule in IgA nephropathy.
Two-Phase, Two-Stage, and Single-Stage Anaerobic Process Comparison (2001)

In this research, three anaerobic process configurations—namely, two-phase dual sludge (TPDS), two-stage single sludge (TSSS), and single-stage—were evaluated for effluent COD concentration. The same temperature, SRT, and glucose substrate were used in all experiments. In every case, TPDS and TSSS configurations significantly outperformed the single stage. All experiments were carried out at a temperature of 35°C, and all reactors were operated as daily fill-and-draw with HRT = SRT. The following ranges for each design parameter were studied: pH (4.5, 5.5, and 6.5); first stage HRT (3, 8, and 24 h); and floc load (3, 9, and 27 gCOD/gVSS). The overall HRT/SRT of all systems was 30 days, and a pH-Stat system was used to control the pH in the acidification reactors at the desired value. Statistical evaluation of the results indicated that a floc load of 3 in the first reactor of TPDS yielded the lowest effluent COD concentrations under the studied range of parameters, while for the TSSS reactor configuration the staging of the system itself was the controlling phenomena responsible for reduced effluent COD.
Spectroscopic studies of arsenic(III) binding to Escherichia coli RI methyltransferase and to two mutants, C223S and W183F (1992)

The interactions of an arsenic (III) reagent, (CH3)2AsSCH2CONH2, with two Escherichia coli RI methyltransferase mutants, W183F and C223S, have been studied by phosphorescence, optically detected magnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The phosphorescence spectrum of the W183F mutant containing only one tryptophan at position 225 reveals a single 0,0-band that is red-shifted by 9.8 nm upon binding of As(III). Fluorescence titration of W183F with (CH3)2AsSCH2CONH2 produces a large tryptophan fluorescence quenching. Analysis of the quenching data points to a single high-affinity As(III) binding site that is associated with the fluorescence quenching. Triplet-state kinetic measurements performed on the perturbed tryptophan show large reductions in the lifetimes of the triplet sublevels, especially that of the T chi sublevel. As(III) binding to the enzyme at a site very close to the Trp225 residue induces an external heavy-atom effect, showing that the perturber atom is in van der Waals contact with the indole chromophore. In the case of the C223S mutant, a single tryptophan 0,0-band also is observed in the phosphorescence spectrum, but no change occurs upon addition of the As(III) reagent. Fluorescence titration of C223S with As(III) shows essentially no quenching of tryptophan fluorescence, in contrast with W183F. These results, along with previous triplet-state and biochemical studies on the wild-type enzyme [Tsao, D. H.H., & Maki, A. H. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 4565-4572], show that As(III) binds with high affinity to the Cys223 residue and that the Trp225 side chain is located close enough to that of Cys223 to produce a heavy-atom perturbation when As(III) is bound.
CRêPE: A System for Enforcing Fine-Grained Context-Related Policies on Android (2012)

Current smartphone systems allow the user to use only marginally contextual information to specify the behavior of the applications: this hinders the wide adoption of this technology to its full potential. In this paper, we fill this gap by proposing CRêPE, a fine-grained Context-Related Policy Enforcement System for Android. While the concept of context-related access control is not new, this is the first work that brings this concept into the smartphone environment. In particular, in our work, a context can be defined by: the status of variables sensed by physical (low level) sensors, like time and location; additional processing on these data via software (high level) sensors; or particular interactions with the users or third parties. CRêPE allows context-related policies to be set (even at runtime) by both the user and authorized third parties locally (via an application) or remotely (via SMS, MMS, Bluetooth, and QR-code). A thorough set of experiments shows that our full implementation of CRêPE has a negligible overhead in terms of energy consumption, time, and storage, making our system ready for a production environment.
<sup>1</sup>H‐nmr studies of polyoxyethylene‐bound homo‐oligo‐<scp>L</scp>‐methionines (1982)

Abstract The use of 1 H‐nmr spectroscopy is demonstrated to be a useful analytical method to characterize the structure of synthetic peptides attached to soluble, macromolecular polyoxyethylene (POE) supports in the liquid‐phase method (LPM) of peptide synthesis. We report an extensive 360‐MHz 1 H‐nmr study of POE‐bound homo‐oligo‐ L ‐methionine peptides. A combination of high field and selective saturation or Redfield pulse methods allows resolution of individual backbone NH and α‐CH resonances of dilute peptides in the presence of strong resonances from macromolecular POE and/or protonated solvents. The nmr spectra for the POE‐bound peptides in CDCl 3 are qualitatively similar to those of the low‐molecular‐weight Boc‐ L ‐Met n ‐OMe peptide esters. This corroborates other observations that POE has little effect on peptide stucture. The backbone α‐CH region of peptides is overlapped by signals from the terminal oxyethylene group of POE, but the peptide side‐chain and low‐field backbone NH resonances are well resolved. In trifluoroethanol the Boc‐( L ‐Met) n ‐NH‐POE heptamer and octamer adopt the right‐handed α‐helical structure, and the present nmr studies provide evidence for two strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds to stabilize the helices. In water, the N‐deblocked derivatives, ( L ‐Met) n ‐NH‐POE oligomers adopt β‐sheet structure and manifest well‐resolved nonequivalent NH resonances with 6–7 Hz 3 J NH‐CH coupling constants.
Nanoscale Discharge Electrode for Minimizing Ozone Emission from Indoor Corona Devices (2010)

Ground-level ozone emitted from indoor corona devices poses serious health risks to the human respiratory system and the lung function. Federal regulations call for effective techniques to minimize the indoor ozone production. In this work, stable atmospheric corona discharges from nanomaterials are demonstrated using horizontally suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the discharge electrode. Compared with the conventional discharges employing micro- or macroscale electrodes, the corona discharge from CNTs could initiate and operate at a much lower voltage due to the small electrode diameter, and is thus energy-efficient. Most importantly, the reported discharge is environmentally friendly since no ozone (below the detection limit of 0.5 ppb) was detected for area current densities up to 0.744 A/m(2) due to the significantly reduced number of electrons and plasma volume generated by CNT discharges. The resulting discharge current density depends on the CNT loading. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, negative CNT discharges should be used to enhance the current density owing to the efficient field emission of electrons from the CNT surface.
A related donor and reduced intensity conditioning reduces the risk of development of BK virus-positive haemorrhagic cystitis in allogeneic haematopoetic stem cell-transplanted patients. (2006)

The significance of the BK virus (BKV) and possible co-factors for the development of late onset haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in allogeneic haematopoetic stem cell (HSCT)-transplanted patients is reviewed. BKV-associated HC causes significant morbidity and mortality in HSCT patients, however, BK-viruria cannot distinguish patients at risk of HC, since it is observed in patients with and without HC. Several studies have therefore attempted to identify co-factors for the development of HC. Acute graft versus host disease was in the past, though less so recently, reported to correlate to the incidence of HC. However, patients who had received grafts from unrelated donors (URD) and had had full conditioning prior to HSCT were shown to have an increased risk of HC, compared to patients who had received HSCT from a related donor (RD) or patients who had received reduced intensity conditioning. In conclusion, HSCT patients with BK-viruria, an URD and receiving full conditioning have an increased risk of developing HC.