gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Photocapacitance Spectroscopy Method for Characterization of Deep Levels and Interface States in Semiconductor Materials (1984)

The recently developed electrochemical photocapacitance spectroscopy (EPS) method for characterization of deep levels in semiconductors is described. Topics discussed include the advantages of the method, experimental considerations, and the determination of state densities and kinetic parameters (associated with state population/depopulation). Both steady‐state and transient capacitance changes are treated mathematically. Data for , , , a‐Si and are presented to illustrate the wide applicability of the method and its sensitivity to both bulk and interface states, including those observed by other characterization methods.
Role of Physicochemical Properties in Nanoparticle Toxicity (2015)

With the recent rapid growth of technological comprehension in nanoscience, researchers have aimed to adapt this knowledge to various research fields within engineering and applied science. Dramatic advances in nanomaterials marked a new epoch in biomedical engineering with the expectation that they would have huge contributions to healthcare. However, several questions regarding their safety and toxicity have arisen due to numerous novel properties. Here, recent studies of nanomaterial toxicology will be reviewed from several physiochemical perspectives. A variety of physiochemical properties such as size distribution, electrostatics, surface area, general morphology and aggregation may significantly affect physiological interactions between nanomaterials and target biological areas. Accordingly, it is very important to finely tune these properties in order to safely fulfill a bio-user's purpose.
Immobilization of enzymes on porous silicas – benefits and challenges (2013)

Porous silica materials have extensively been used for the immobilization of enzymes aiming at their use as biocatalysts or biosensors. This tutorial review will discuss the benefits and challenges of different immobilization techniques and will provide references to recent papers for further reading. Moreover, novel trends and unsolved problems will be introduced.
Synthesis of 1,1,9,9‐tetrafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane and its polymerization by vapor deposition method (1995)

Abstract 1,1,9,9‐Tetrafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane ( 1 ) was prepared successfully as white crystals in 72% yield via two‐step reactions from 1,9‐diketo[2.2]‐paracyclophane. The polymerization of 1 by the vapor deposition method was carried out at pyrolysis temperature range of 400 to 800°C and deposition temperature range of −20 to 20°C, and a tough, transparent poly(α,α‐difluoro‐ p ‐xylylene) film was obtained in 72% yield at the pyrolysis temperature of 750°C and the deposition temperature of −20°C. It was found that the pyrolysis of 1 gave a reactive α,α‐difluoro‐ p ‐xylylene, which polymerized on the head‐to‐tail addition to give poly(α,α‐difluoro‐ p ‐xylylene). Some properties such as solubility, thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and density for poly(α,α‐difluoro‐ p ‐xylylene) were studied. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fabrication of photonic crystals in silicon-on-insulator using 248-nm deep UV lithography (2002)

We demonstrate wavelength-scale photonic nanostructures, including photonic crystals, fabricated in silicon-on-insulator using deep ultraviolet (UV) lithography. We discuss the mass-manufacturing capabilities of deep UV lithography compared to e-beam lithography. This is illustrated with experimental results. Finally, we present some of the issues that arise when trying to use established complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes for the fabrication of photonic integrated circuits.
Reconstruction of the lipid metabolism for the microalga Monoraphidium neglectum from its genome sequence reveals characteristics suitable for biofuel production (2013)

The genome of M. neglectum, as well as the metabolic reconstruction of crucial lipid pathways, provides new insights into the diversity of the lipid metabolism in microalgae. The results of this work provide a platform to encourage the development of this strain for biotechnological applications and production concepts.
Humidity management of outdoor electronic equipment: methods, pitfalls, and recommendations (2002)

Discusses the basics of the three approaches to mitigation of humidity related failures namely; 1) relative humidity control module (RHCM); 2) absolute humidity control (AHCM); 3) use of potting and coating, as well as conditions and limitations of their applicability. The RHCM approach (or Saturation Limit Control) uses heat dissipation from electronics to maintain an appropriate temperature difference between ambient and the critical surfaces to lower RH in their vicinity and at same time through the use of diffusion plugs ensures a relatively fast humidity equilibration between the enclosure air and ambient to minimize condensation caused by cold fronts and radiation cooling. The AHCM approach relies on minimization of water ingress through selection of appropriate materials and design and at same time uses desiccant to remove the water which made its way into the enclosure. The choice between these schemes depends mostly on thermal considerations. The more expensive and sensitive to errors AHCM scheme has to be used when the energy dissipation is either not high enough or it is highly dependent on the traffic.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyzed Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction of Benzoquinone. Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Ibogamine. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Current-voltage characteristics of a reflex discharge with a hollow cathode and self-heating electrode (2001)

Results are presented from experimental studies of the current-voltage characteristics of a reflex discharge with a self-heating electrode used in a source of atomic hydrogen. The processes occurring in a discharge cell and governing the main features of the characteristics obtained are investigated theoretically. An explanation of the general features of the discharge is proposed. It is shown that an abrupt decrease in the discharge voltage with increasing hydrogen flow rate is associated with penetration of the plasma into the hollow cathode and the ignition of a hollow cathode discharge. It is demonstrated that, as the discharge current increases, the glow discharge gradually transforms into an arc discharge with a heated cathode.
Guiding Semi-Supervision with Constraint-Driven Learning (2007)

Over the last few years, two of the main research directions in machine learning of natural language processing have been the study of semi-supervised learning algorithms as a way to train classifiers when the labeled data is scarce, and the study of ways to exploit knowledge and global information in structured learning tasks. In this paper, we suggest a method for incorporating domain knowledge in semi-supervised learning algorithms. Our novel framework unifies and can exploit several kinds of task specific constraints. The experimental results presented in the information extraction domain demonstrate that applying constraints helps the model to generate better feedback during learning, and hence the framework allows for high performance learning with significantly less training data than was possible before on these tasks. 1
In Vitro and ex Vivo Antihydroxyl Radical Activity of Green and Roasted Coffee (2004)

The specific antiradical activity against the hydroxyl radical of the water soluble components in green and dark roasted Coffea arabica and Coffea robusta coffee samples, both in vitro by the chemical deoxiribose assay and ex vivo in a biological cellular system (IMR32 cells), were determined. All the tested coffee solutions showed remarkable antiradical activity. In the deoxiribose assay, all the tested solutions showed similar inhibitory activity (IA%) against the sugar degradation (IA values ranged from 45.2 to 46.9%). In the cell cultures, the survival increase (SI%) ranged from 197.0 to 394.0% with C. robusta roasted coffee being significantly more active than the other samples. The coffee solutions underwent dialysis (3500 Da cutoff membrane) to fraction their components. In both systems, the dialysates (MW < 3500 Da) either from green or roasted coffee, showed antiradical activity, while the only retentates (MW > 3500 Da) from the roasted coffee samples were active. The preparative gel-filtration chromatography of roasted coffee C. robusta dialysate gave three fractions active in the biological system, all containing chlorogenic acid derivatives. The most active fraction was found to be that containing the 5-O-caffeoilquinic acid, which shows a linear relation dose-response ranging from 0.02 to 0.10 mM. The results show that both green and roasted coffee possess antiradical activity, that their more active component is 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid, and moreover that roasting process induces high MW components (later Maillard reaction products, i.e., melanoidins), also possessing antiradical activity in coffee. These results could explain the neuroprotective effects found for coffee consumption in recent epidemiological studies.
Coherent emission of characteristic lines on passage of charged particles through a single crystal (1976)

A new effect is predicted: emission of coherent characteristic lines of a sample in the x-ray band on passage of charged particle through a single crystal. The possibility of observing and using this effect to obtain coherent x rays is discussed. (AIP)
Robust Dynamic Orientation Sensing Using Accelerometers: Model-based Methods for Head Tracking in AR (2008)

Augmented reality (AR) systems that use head mounted displays to overlay synthetic imagery on the user's view of the real world require accurate viewpoint tracking for quality applications. However, achieving accurate registration is one of the most significant unsolved problems within AR systems, particularly during dynamic motions in unprepared environments. As a result, registration error is a major issue hindering the more widespread growth of AR applications. The main objective for this thesis was to improve dynamic orientation tracking of the head using low-cost inertial sensors. The approach taken within this thesis was to extend the excellent static orientation sensing abilities of accelerometers to a dynamic case by utilising a model of head motion. Head motion is modelled by an inverted pendulum, initially for one degree of rotational freedom, but later this is extended to a more general two dimensional case by including a translational freedom of the centre of rotation. However, the inverted pendulum model consists of an unstable coupled set of differential equations which cannot be solved by conventional solution approaches. A unique method is developed which consists of a highly accurate approximated analytical solution to the full non linear tangential ODE. The major advantage of the analytical solution is that it allows a separation of the unstable transient part of the solution from the stable solution. The analytical solution is written directly in terms of the unknown initial conditions. Optimal initial conditions are found that remove the unstable transient part completely by utilising the independent radial ODE. Thus, leaving the required orientation. The methods are validated experimentally with data collected using accelerometers and a physical inverted pendulum apparatus. A range of tests were performed demonstrating the stability of the methods and solution over time and the robust performance to increasing signal frequency, over the range expected for head motion. The key advantage of this accelerometer model-based method is that the orientation remains registered to the gravitational vector, providing a drift free solution that outperforms existing, state of the art, gyroscope based methods. This proof of concept, uses low-cost accelerometer sensors to show significant potential to improve head tracking in dynamic AR environments, such as outdoors.
GaAs IC Direct-Coupled Amplifiers (1980)

Performance of six different direct-coupled GaAs IC amplifiers, with bandwidths up to 4.5 GHz, is described, along with that of one similar ac-coupled amplifier. Statistical data on gain, bandwidth, distortion, and noise is presented. The effectiveness of inductor peaking, resistive loads, and variable feedback is discussed.
Photobiological properties of furothiocoumarins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1985)

Nine furothiocoumarins corresponding to psoralen, 8-methylpsoralen, 3-carbethoxy-8-methylpsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, pseudopsoralen, angelicin, isopseudopsoralen, allopsoralen and pseudoisopsoralen were synthesized by treating furocoumarins with phosphorus pentasulfide. Photobiological studies on haploid yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that the furothiocoumarins exert some photoactivity on cell survival and the induction of mitochondrial damage. In most cases, the furothiocoumarins were less active than their furocoumarinic counterparts and exhibited a preference for a monofunctional type of action. A certain photochemotherapeutic activity can be suggested.
A novel electromagnetic bandgap metal plate for parallel plate mode suppression in shielded structures (2002)

A novel type of metal plate structure incorporated with electromagnetic bandgap holes for use as metal shields with the capability of suppressing the propagation of unwanted parallel plate mode has been proposed. The holes can be of any shape and the periods of those holes should be selected to half the guided wavelength of the parallel plate mode at a desired center frequency of suppression. To show the validity of the proposal, inert electromagnetic wave simulation, results of a shielded microstrip structure designed for application in the 76 GHz frequency band are demonstrated. Experiments are performed with a prototype designed in the 10 GHz frequency band and parallel plate mode suppression is verified successfully with the excellent agreement between experimental and simulation results.
A conserved role for the zinc finger polyadenosine RNA binding protein, ZC3H14, in control of poly(A) tail length (2014)

The ZC3H14 gene, which encodes a ubiquitously expressed, evolutionarily conserved, nuclear, zinc finger polyadenosine RNA-binding protein, was recently linked to autosomal recessive, nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Although studies have been carried out to examine the function of putative orthologs of ZC3H14 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the protein is termed Nab2, and Drosophila, where the protein has been designated dNab2, little is known about the function of mammalian ZC3H14. Work from both budding yeast and flies implicates Nab2/dNab2 in poly(A) tail length control, while a role in poly(A) RNA export from the nucleus has been reported only for budding yeast. Here we provide the first functional characterization of ZC3H14. Analysis of ZC3H14 function in a neuronal cell line as well as in vivo complementation studies in a Drosophila model identify a role for ZC3H14 in proper control of poly(A) tail length in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we show here that human ZC3H14 can functionally substitute for dNab2 in fly neurons and can rescue defects in development and locomotion that are present in dNab2 null flies. These rescue experiments provide evidence that this zinc finger-containing class of nuclear polyadenosine RNA-binding proteins plays an evolutionarily conserved role in controlling the length of the poly(A) tail in neurons.
Mitochondrion‐Permeable Antioxidants to Treat ROS‐Burst‐Mediated Acute Diseases (2015)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and cytokine outbreak, such as during virus infections, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, antioxidant is an important medicine to ROS-related diseases. For example, ascorbic acid (vitamin C, VC) was suggested as the candidate antioxidant to treat multiple diseases. However, long-term use of high-dose VC causes many side effects. In this review, we compare and analyze all kinds of mitochondrion-permeable antioxidants, including edaravone, idebenone, α-Lipoic acid, carotenoids, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and SkQ and propose astaxanthin (a special carotenoid) to be the best antioxidant for ROS-burst-mediated acute diseases, like avian influenza infection and ischemia-reperfusion. Nevertheless, astaxanthins are so unstable that most of them are inactivated after oral administration. Therefore, astaxanthin injection is suggested hypothetically. The drawbacks of the antioxidants are also reviewed, which limit the use of antioxidants as coadjuvants in the treatment of ROS-associated disorders.
Melting bulk reaction between poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene glycol)/<scp>DL</scp>‐oligo(lactic acid) (2008)

Abstract A reactive blend of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and DL ‐oligo(lactic acid) (OLA) is obtained at high temperature to produce partial PEG/OLA multiblock copolymer without purification. The reactive blend of PEG and OLA easily reacts with poly(1,4‐butylene terephthalate) (PBT) in the melt leading to the formation of high‐molar mass poly(1,4‐butylene terephthalate‐ co ‐ethylene oxide‐ co ‐ DL ‐lactide) (PBTEOLA) copolymers. The analysis from 1 H NMR and solubility test reveals that the transesterification between butylene terephthalate (BT), ethyleneoxide (EO), and lactide (LA) segments during synthesis is unavoidable. The copolyesters are segmented copolyesters with certain random properties, as confirmed by their thermal behavior. The copolyesters show only one melting temperature ( T m ) on the second heating run and one crystallization temperature ( T c ) on the cooling cycle from differential scanning calorimetry measurement. With increase of OLA feeding composition in PEG/OLA blend or increase of content of PEG/OLA blend, the T m and T c of copolyesters decrease, and solubility increases. The conventional size‐exclusion chromatography polystyrene calibration estimates weight‐averaged molecular weight of the copolyester to be as high as 66,600 g/mol. Mechanical tests indicate that the copolyesters exhibit high Young's modulus of 50–100 MPa and good elongation at break of 32–137%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Muconin by Efficient Assembly of Chiral Building Blocks. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Queue management with multiple delay and loss priorities for ATM switches (2002)

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique has been widely accepted as a flexible and effective scheme to transport various traffic over the future broadband network. To fully utilize network resources while still providing satisfactory quality of service (QOS) to all network users, prioritizing users' traffic according to their service requirements becomes necessary. During the call setup, each service can be assigned a service class determined by a delay priority and a loss priority. A queue manager in ATM network nodes will schedule ATM cells' departing and discarding sequence based on their delay and loss priorities. Most queue management schemes that have been proposed so far only consider either one of these two priority types. The present authors' queue manager treats multiple delay and loss priorities simultaneously. Moreover, a cell discarding strategy, called push out which allows the buffer to be completely shared by all service classes, has been adopted in the queue manager. the authors propose a practical architecture to implement the queue manager, facilitated by a new VLSI chip, an enhanced version of the existing sequencer VLSI chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Imaging of pulmonary emphysema: A pictorial review (2008)

The term 'emphysema' is generally used in a morphological sense, and therefore imaging modalities have an important role in diagnosing this disease. In particular, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable tool for demonstrating the pathology of emphysema, even in subtle changes within secondary pulmonary lobules. Generally, pulmonary emphysema is classified into three types related to the lobular anatomy: centrilobular emphysema, panlobular emphysema, and paraseptal emphysema. In this pictorial review, we discuss the radiological--pathological correlation in each type of pulmonary emphysema. HRCT of early centrilobular emphysema shows an evenly distributed centrilobular tiny areas of low attenuation with ill-defined borders. With enlargement of the dilated airspace, the surrounding lung parenchyma is compressed, which enables observation of a clear border between the emphysematous area and the normal lung. Because the disease progresses from the centrilobular portion, normal lung parenchyma in the perilobular portion tends to be preserved, even in a case of far-advanced pulmonary emphysema. In panlobular emphysema, HRCT shows either panlobular low attenuation or ill-defined diffuse low attenuation of the lung. Paraseptal emphysema is characterized by subpleural well-defined cystic spaces. Recent topics related to imaging of pulmonary emphysema will also be discussed, including morphometry of the airway in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, combined pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema, and bronchogenic carcinoma associated with bullous lung disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Speciation and Thermal Transformation in Alumina Sols: Structures of the Polyhydroxyoxoaluminum Cluster [Al<sub>30</sub>O<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>56</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>26</sub>] <sup>18+</sup> and Its δ‐Keggin Moiety. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The genetics of rett syndrome: The consequences of a disorder where every case is a new mutation (1986)

The genetic data on Rett syndrome suggest a mutant gene acting as an X-linked dominant with lethality in the male and reproductive lethality in the female. Thus, all cases represent new mutations. The presence of two affected sisters in two of 600 families indicates the ratio of germinal mosaicism to all germinal mutants is about 1:150. After excluding propositi, a 1:1 M:F ratio of other siblings would be expected and there should be an increase in spontaneous abortion only in the germinal mosaicism families. The presence of two abortions at three months gestation in such a family suggest the Rett syndrome protein is essential to brain development at this stage of embryogenesis. Neuropathological and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic examination of the brains of aborted male fetuses in such families should provide critical evidence on the pathogenesis of the disease. Classical linkage studies cannot be done. The most parsimonious method of locating the site of the Rett syndrome gene is to do high resolution banding in all Rett syndrome cases, searching for X-chromosome deletions, or less likely, X:autosome translocations.