gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The prostaglandin receptor EP4 suppresses colitis, mucosal damage and CD4 cell activation in the gut (2002)

We used mice deficient in each of the eight types and subtypes of prostanoid receptors and examined the roles of prostanoids in dextran sodium sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) colitis. Among the prostanoid receptor-deficient mice, only EP4-deficient mice and not mice deficient in either DP, EP1, EP2, EP3, FP, IP, or TP developed severe colitis with 3% DSS treatment, which induced only marginal colitis in wild-type mice. This phenotype was mimicked in wild-type mice by administration of an EP4-selective antagonist (AE3-208). The EP4 deficiency impaired mucosal barrier function and induced epithelial loss, crypt damage, and aggregation of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the colon. Conversely, administration of an EP4-selective agonist (AE1-734) to wild-type mice ameliorated severe colitis normally induced with 7% DSS, while that of AE3-208 suppressed recovery from colitis and induced significant proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In vitro AE3-208 enhanced and AE1-734 suppressed the proliferation and Th1 cytokine production of lamina propria mononuclear cells from the colon. DNA microarray analysis revealed elevated expression of genes associated with immune response and reduced expression of genes with mucosal repair and remodeling in the colon of EP4-deficient mice. We conclude that EP4 maintains intestinal homeostasis by keeping mucosal integrity and downregulating immune response.
Time Travel in the Brain (2007)

当你什么都不做时你究竟在做什么?如果回答是“什么也没做”,从逻辑上看似乎是对的;但如果是一个涉及神经科学的题,那答案是错的。科学家经过大量的大脑扫描实验发现:当人在进行脑力活动时,大脑中主宰该活动的区域(相对较亮的区域)会变大。最新的研究表明,当大脑的一些区域变亮时其他的区域则变暗。当我们好像在做什么事的时候,这些变暗的区域处于休眠状态,而当我们好像什么也没做时,这些区域则相当活跃。那么,我们究竟在做什么呢?答案是“时间旅行”。
Evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 as a bone‐graft substitute in a canine segmental defect model (2000)

A study was performed in dogs to evaluate the dose-response characteristics and effectiveness of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with a collagen sponge carrier in a segmental defect model. Twenty-seven dogs underwent bilateral radial osteotomies with creation of a 2.5-cm diaphyseal defect. All received autogenous cancellous bone graft in one defect and a collagen implant in the other. These implants contained recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 at the following doses: group 1 at 0 microg (three dogs, 0 microg/ml total implant volume), group 2 at 150 microg (three dogs, 50 microg/ml), group 3 at 600 ,g (three dogs, 200 microg/ml), group 4 at 2,400 microg (three dogs, 800 microg/ml), group 5 at 0 microg (five dogs, 0 microg/ml), group 6 at 150 microg (five dogs, 200 microg/ml), and group 7 at 600 microg (five dogs, 50 microg/ml). The defects were stabilized with external fixators. The dogs in groups 1-4 were killed at 12 weeks postoperatively, and those in groups 5-7 were killed at 24 weeks postoperatively except for one dog in group 7, which was killed at 48 weeks. Evaluation included monthly radiographs, biomechanical testing, and nondemineralized histology. All 27 radii with autogenous cancellous bone graft and all 19 implants treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 achieved radiographic and histologic union and gross stability. The eight radii treated with collagen carrier alone went on to radiographic and histologic nonunion and were grossly unstable at death. A dose-dependent occurrence of cyst-like bone voids was noted radiographically and histologically. Biomechanical performance tended to be better at the lowest dose studied at 12 weeks, and all three doses performed better than the placebo (p < 0.05) at 12 and 24 weeks. By 24 weeks, radiolucent areas corresponding to histologic bone voids persisted radiographically, although there was evidence of early bone remodeling. This remodeling progressed to 48 weeks in the single animal followed to this time point, although bone voids remained. These radiologic findings were confirmed histologically. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a collagen sponge carrier has significant osteoinductive activity in this canine segmental defect model. A dose-response relationship is evident, with heterotopic bone and cyst-like void formation at higher doses and a minimum effective dose of 0-150 microg. At 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively, biomechanical parameters achieved by defects treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 were comparable with those of autograft controls and were significantly stronger than those of the placebo (p < 0.05).
Blind equalizers for multipath channels with best equalization delay (1999)

Previous studies show that equalizers with different equalization delays achieve different performances. The best performed equalizer is not necessarily the one with 0-delay, and often not the case when the channel is non-minimum-phase. In this paper, a blind channel equalization algorithm is presented, by which equalizers with all possible equalization delays can be calculated simultaneously from the second order statistics of the received signals. A (blind) evaluation index is then presented for the purpose of selecting the best equalizer. Simulation shows that the best delayed equalizer performs much better than that for other equalization delays and those given by constant modulus algorithm and linear prediction algorithm.
CMOS sensor cross-talk compensation for digital cameras (2002)

This paper presents two algorithms for removing the crosstalk effect in CMOS sensor based color-imaging systems. The algorithms work on the Bayer raw data and have low computational complexity. Experimental results on Macbeth color chart and real images demonstrates that both algorithms can effectively eliminate the crosstalk effect and produce better quality images with conventional color interpolation and correction algorithms designed for CCD image sensors. Complexity of the algorithms is also analyzed.
DegNorm: normalization of generalized transcript degradation improves accuracy in RNA-seq analysis (2019)

RNA degradation affects RNA-seq quality when profiling transcriptional activities in cells. Here, we show that transcript degradation is both gene- and sample-specific and is a common and significant factor that may bias the results in RNA-seq analysis. Most existing global normalization approaches are ineffective to correct for degradation bias. We propose a novel pipeline named DegNorm to adjust the read counts for transcript degradation heterogeneity on a gene-by-gene basis while simultaneously controlling for the sequencing depth. The robust and effective performance of this method is demonstrated in an extensive set of simulated and real RNA-seq data.
A Fast and Power Efficient Architecture to Parallelize LSTM based RNN for Cognitive Intelligence Applications (2017)

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are promising for cognitive intelligence applications like speech recognition, image caption and nature language processing, etc. However, the cascade dependent structure in RNN with huge amount of power inefficient operations like multiplication, memory accessing and nonlinear transformation, could not guarantee high computing speed and low power consumption. In this work, by exploiting semantic correlation, we propose a semantic correlation based data pre-fetch method to break the dependency and achieve parallel processing. Based on this method, a full parallel and pipeline architecture that tackles huge amount operations is designed. Experiments on benchmarks of image caption, speech recognition and language processing show that, this work improves computing speed by 5.1 times, 44.9 times and 1.53 times, respectively, and power efficiency by 1885.7 times, 4061.5 times and 127.5 times, respectively, when compared with state-of-the-art works.
HLA Class II Antibody Activation of Endothelial Cells Promotes Th17 and Disrupts Regulatory T Lymphocyte Expansion (2015)

Kidney transplantation is the most successful treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease, and chronic antibody-mediated rejection is the principal cause of allograft loss. Predictive factors for chronic rejection include high levels of HLA alloantibodies (particularly HLA class II) and activation of graft endothelial cells (ECs). The mechanistic basis for this association is unresolved. We used an experimental model of HLA-DR antibody stimulation of microvascular ECs to examine the mechanisms underlying the association between HLA class II antibodies, EC activation and allograft damage. Activation of ECs with the F(Ab')2 fragment of HLA-DR antibody led to phosphorylation of Akt, ERK and MEK and increased IL-6 production by ECs cocultured with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in an Akt-dependent manner. We previously showed that HLA-DR-expressing ECs induce polarization of Th17 and FoxP3(bright) regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets. Preactivation of ECs with anti-HLA-DR antibody redirected EC allogenicity toward a proinflammatory response by decreasing amplification of functional Treg and by further increasing IL-6-dependent Th17 expansion. Alloimmunized patient serum containing relevant HLA-DR alloantibodies selectively bound and increased EC secretion of IL-6 in cocultures with PBMCs. These data contribute to understanding of potential mechanisms of antibody-mediated endothelial damage independent of complement activation and FcR-expressing effector cells.
Ovarian Aging in Two Species of Long-Lived Rockfish, Sebastes aleutianus and S. alutus1 (2004)

Little is known about the ovary during aging in long-lived fish with respect to follicular stages and de novo oogenesis. We examined two species of rockfish, Sebastes aleutianus (rougheye rockfish) and Sebastes alutus (Pacific ocean perch). Fish were sampled offshore of British Columbia, age was estimated by otolith annuli, and the ovaries were examined histologically. In S. aleutianus, age up to 80 yr did not markedly alter the frequency distribution of oocytes, follicles, or their total numbers. Similarly, in a larger sample of S. alutus, the abundance of oocytes and follicles showed little age trend up through 77 yr. However, fish older than 50 yr lacked the largest and smallest oocyte size classes (40-60, >80 microm) and the smallest follicle size class (200-350 microm), which results from the later seasonal developmental state of these older fish. These data provide evidence that oogenesis continues at advanced ages in these two species, in contrast with long-held assumptions about mammals. These species represent an iteroparous extreme in the spectrum of life history strategies and merit investigation to determine the mechanisms for such an extended reproductive life span.
Hormonal regulation of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7) (1995)

The transcriptional regulation of the rat cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7) by hormones and signal transduction pathways was studied by transient transfection assay of the promoter activity. HepG2 cells were transfected with deletion mutants of the CYP7 upstream region linked to the luciferase reporter gene. The transcription of CYP7/luciferase chimeric genes was higher in confluent than in subconfluent cultures of HepG2 cells. Glucocorticoid receptors, in the presence of dexamethasone, up-regulated the CYP7 gene through two regions located between -3262 and -2803, and between -344 and -222, respectively. Thyroid hormones did not have any effect on the promoter activity. Insulin inhibited the promoter activity through sequences located between -344 and -222, and abolished the stimulation by dexamethasone. Hence, the insulin effect was dominant over that of glucocorticoids. Treatment of transfected HepG2 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a known activator of protein kinase C (PKC), resulted in a time-dependent inhibition of the CYP7 promoter activity. The negative phorbol ester-response sequences were mapped between -344 and -222, and between -200 and -161, respectively. The CYP7 promoter activity was induced nearly 5-fold by all-trans-retinoic acid through sequences in the region from -200 to -129. Finally, cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) stimulated the expression of the CYP7/luciferase gene through multiple sequences in the distal and proximal regions, and both positive and negative response regions were mapped. Our results revealed that the -416 fragment of the rat CYP7 gene confers the activation by glucocorticoids and retinoic acid, and inhibition by insulin, phorbol esters and cAMP. It appears that this proximal promoter may contain a pleiotropic domain that regulates the effects of multiple signals.
The Significance of X-Ray Diffraction Patterns Obtained from Starch Granules<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Significance of X-Ray Diffraction Patterns Obtained from Starch Granules1Richard S. Bear and Dexter FrenchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 9, 2298–2305Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01854a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01854a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views516Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theory of interdigital couplers on nonpiezoelectric substrates (1973)

This paper is concerned with the theory of excitation of surface acoustic waves on a nonpiezoelectric material, by using an interdigital electrode structure overlaid with a piezoelectric film. The impedance and capacity of such transducers have been worked out. The results are given in terms of Δv/v, the perturbation in acoustic wave velocity when a perfect conductor is placed in the position of the transducer. A computer program which calculates surface wave propagation on a layered medium consisting of a film on a substrate, with arbitrary elastic and piezoelectric properties for both media, has been used to determine Δv/v, and hence the coupling coefficients and radiation resistance of the interdigital transducer. As a function of piezoelectric film thickness, two peaks in coupling are observed. The results for the interdigital couplers are in quantitative agreement with experiments employing single-crystal materials. Data for experiments using sputtered piezoelectric films also give qualitative agreement with the theory. If high-quality crystalline layers are used, the theory suggests that interdigital couplers on nonpiezoelectric delay lines with properties comparable to or better than the present piezoelectric delay lines may be achievable.
Query by Transduction (2008)

There has been recently a growing interest in the use of transductive inference for learning. We expand here the scope of transductive inference to active learning in a stream-based setting. Towards that end this paper proposes Query-by-Transduction (QBT) as a novel active learning algorithm. QBT queries the label of an example based on the p-values obtained using transduction. We show that QBT is closely related to Query-by-Committee (QBC) using relations between transduction, Bayesian statistical testing, Kullback-Leibler divergence, and Shannon information. The feasibility and utility of QBT is shown on both binary and multi-class classification tasks using SVM as the choice classifier. Our experimental results show that QBT compares favorably, in terms of mean generalization, against random sampling, committee-based active learning, margin-based active learning, and QBC in the stream-based setting.
A natural sweetener, <i>Momordica grosvenori</i>, attenuates the imbalance of cellular immune functions in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice (2006)

Momordica grosvenori (MG), a traditional medicinal herb in China used as a substitute sugar for obese and diabetic patients, exhibited an enhancement of immunity. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is among the acute phase proteins that play an important role in the inflammatory process and have antiinflammatory activities with their antioxidant properties. The hypothesis that MG could modulate an imbalance of the cellular immune system and prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus, via induction of HO-1 protein expression was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Balb/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200 mg/kg). The mice were randomly assigned to non-diabetic and diabetic groups, and further subdivided according to their treatments: control (distilled water), low dose MG (150 mg/kg) and high dose MG (300 mg/kg), which were administered by gavage in 24 h cycles over a 30 day period. MG administration effectively regulated the immune imbalance in diabetic mice, principally by upregulating the CD4(+) T lymphocyte subsets, and remodeling the intracellular cytokine profiles (reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines towards a beneficial Th2 pattern), ascribed to its induction and upregulation of HO-1. In conclusion, MG exhibited antidiabetic effects and may be used as a new natural drug for the treatment of diabetes.
ECU Health Monitor Using CANUSB (2018)

In automobile an OBD (On Board Diagnostics) facilitates the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to identify the failures of vehicle systems and take essential corrective actions to preclude the accidents and hazards. Thus the diagnostics empower the driver and passenger safety. During ECU development phase most of the OEMs, Tier-I, and Tier-2 uses a Vector Tool “CANoe” for ECU diagnostics validation. The CANoe tool is very expensive. Its cost is ∼ €10,000. The proposed system is a cost-effective tool that can be used to perform the similar functionality of ECU diagnostics validation during ECU development phase to monitor the ECU health. It uses CANUSB cable as hardware and application software developed in Microsoft C# language. It is the special tool, uses a single channel for transmitting and receiving various CAN messages to/from ECU. Using this tool, the diagnostic request messages and vehicle simulated messages can be sent and response messages can be validated. The tool would be having user-friendly GUI, manual as well as cyclic auto transmission of messages mode and message logging feature. The complete tool cost would be ∼₹35,000.
Kinetic studies with the non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor U-88204E (1993)

The bis(heteroaryl)piperazine U-88204E is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and possesses excellent anti-HIV activity in HIV-1-infected lymphocytes grown in tissue culture. Enzymatic kinetic studies of the RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerases of RT were carried out in order to determine whether the inhibitor interacts directly with the template:primer or deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) binding sites of the polymerase. The experimental results were analyzed using steady-state or Briggs-Haldane kinetics, by assuming that the template:primer binds to the enzyme first followed by the dNTP and that the polymerase functions processively. The results of the analysis show that the inhibitor acts as a mixed to noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both the template:primer and the dNTP binding sites. The potency of U-88204E on the RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity depends on the base composition of the template:primer. The Ki values for the poly(rC):(dG)10-directed reactions were at least 7 times lower than the ones for reactions directed by poly(rA):(dT)10. The inhibitor did not inhibit the RNase H function of HIV-1 RT nor did it impair the RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of HIV-2 RT. These data thus demonstrate the unique specificity of U-88204E for HIV-1 RT.
A Controlled Trial of Early Adjunctive Treatment with Corticosteroids for<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1990)

Early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids reduces the risks of respiratory failure and death in patients with AIDS and moderate-to-severe pneumocystis pneumonia. Because the adverse effects are few, corticosteroids should be included as part of the initial treatment for persons with AIDS who have moderate-to-severe pneumocystis pneumonia.
Early Survival of Infants Weighing 2.5 Kilograms or Less Undergoing First-Stage Reconstruction for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (1999)

Background —Results of staged palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have improved in recent years; however, certain risk factors have been associated with decreased survival rates. Methods and Results —We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients weighing ≤2.5 kg undergoing the first stage of reconstructive surgery at our institution between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1997. HLHS was present in 45 patients, complex double-outlet right ventricle in 10, unbalanced AV canal in 5, tricuspid atresia with transposition of the great vessels in 4, and other diagnoses in 3. Mean age at surgery was 10.1±10.7 days (median, 8 days), and mean weight was 2.2±0.3 kg (median, 2.2 kg). Fourteen patients weighed ≤2.0 kg, and 2 patients weighed ≤1.5 kg. Early mortality (death within 30 days or before hospital discharge) was 51% (34 of 67). No patient, procedural, or time-related variables correlated with increased mortality. However, there was a trend toward increased mortality with increased cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P =0.076) and decreased preoperative ventricular performance ( P =0.139). Conclusions —These findings suggest that low weight alone in a patient with HLHS or an anatomic variant should not be considered a contraindication to staged reconstructive surgery.
Design of Hard Compaction Rollers for Automated Fiber Placement on Complex Mandrel Geometries (2018)

This paper presents a methodology for designing hard compaction rollers for an AFP (automated fiber placement) head with a hot gas torch heating system for laying thermoplastic CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) tapes. Some manufacturing defects and alternative designs are reviewed to highlight the importance of AFP compaction roller conformity and surface adhesion. The formulation of a general parametric description of the design challenge is derived and adequately addresses the problem on a tow-to-tow basis.
Solubilization of indometacin. (1978)

Three methods were employed for the solubilization of indometacin as an example of antirheumatic drugs, employing:--Non-ionic surface-active agents such as Tween 80 and 40, Myrj 53 and Brij 99,--urea and sodium citrate--urea-indometacin coprecipitate. The solubility of indometacin by nonionic surface active agents was in the following order: Tween 80 and Brij 99 greater than Tween 40 greater than Myrj 53. The efficiency of solubilization by these surfactants decreased as the polyoxyethylene chain increased. Urea increases the solubility of indometacin due to enhancing the solvation of the drug by water. Up to a concentration of 0.2 M sodium citrate increases the solubility of indometacin, followed by a sharp decline in the solubility by increasing its concentration of sodium citrate. Urea-indometacin coprecipitate show slight increase in the solubility of the drug.
The Folate Hydrolase 1561C>T Polymorphism Is Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Puerto Rican Adults (2011)

The FOLH1 1561C>T polymorphism may be associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.