gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid communication: MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism at the swine MYF6 locus2 (1994)

Journal Article Rapid communication: MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism at the swine MYF6 locus Get access C. W. Ernst, C. W. Ernst *Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1095 3To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. A. Vaske, D. A. Vaske †Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3135 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. Larson, R. G. Larson †Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3135 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. E. White, M. E. White *Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1095 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. F. Rothschild M. F. Rothschild †Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3135 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Animal Science, Volume 72, Issue 3, March 1994, Page 799, https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.723799x Published: 01 March 1994 Article history Received: 29 November 1993 Accepted: 29 December 1993 Published: 01 March 1994
Deep Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel by Extraction with Task-Specific Ionic Liquids (2008)

Abstract Extraction of S-compounds from diesel oil by task-specific ionic liquids has been investigated. The influences of different ionic liquids, extraction time, extraction temperature, different S-compounds, the amount, and the recycling of ionic liquid were studied. This process is capable of removing up to 56% of dibenzothiophene in model diesel oil under optimum extraction conditions. At the same time, this process was applied to the real predesulfurized diesel oils. The results indicate that such a process could be an alternative to common hydrodesulfurization for deep desulfurization.
An investigation of diamond film deposition in a premixed oxyacetylene flame (1989)

Diamond film has been deposited in a single‐nozzle premixed oxyacetylene flame. Results of runs of varying duration suggest that diamond is deposited via the transport of hydrocarbon fragments produced at the secondary flame front. Planar laser‐induced photodissociation fluorescence suggests that this region is rich in C2H species. Emission studies also suggest that the post‐primary flame zone presents a source of C2 radicals that may account for the observed graphite and diamondlike carbon deposited on the substrate exposed to this region of the flame. The results on the premixed flame suggest that it would be possible and more convenient to attempt large area deposition using a multinozzle diffusion flame.
Wireless MAC processors: Programming MAC protocols on commodity Hardware (2012)

Programmable wireless platforms aim at responding to the quest for wireless access flexibility and adaptability. This paper introduces the notion of wireless MAC processors. Instead of implementing a specific MAC protocol stack, Wireless MAC processors do support a set of Medium Access Control “commands” which can be run-time composed (programmed) through software-defined state machines, thus providing the desired MAC protocol operation. We clearly distinguish from related work in this area as, unlike other works which rely on dedicated DSPs or programmable hardware platforms, we experimentally prove the feasibility of the wireless MAC processor concept over ultra-cheap commodity WLAN hardware cards. Specifically, we reflash the firmware of the commercial Broadcom AirForce54G off-the-shelf chipset, replacing its 802.11 WLAN MAC protocol implementation with our proposed extended state machine execution engine. We prove the flexibility of the proposed approach through three use-case implementation examples.
High sensitivity mass spectrometer system for contaminant measurement in high purity gases (1996)

A mass spectrometer beam system using a double focusing sector analyzer and an electron impact ion source has been developed for trace analysis. The molecular beam, formed through a focusing glass capillary array, serves as the gas inlet of the system. Closed cycle cryopumps and ion pumps are used to generate the high vacuum. System roughing is achieved using sorption pumps. Clean and oil free vacuum was obtained by nonmechanical pumping. System normal mode sensitivity is about 107 counts/s/Torr. System low pressure mode sensitivity can be three orders of magnitude higher when sample pressures are below 30 mTorr. A parts-per-billion range system detection capability was accomplished. Slow response time for adsorptive species measurements is a major drawback of the sample inlet system.
Surface-charging behavior of plasma-treated polymer films (1998)

Thin films of the Teflon/sup TM/ homo- and copolymers TFE, FEP, PFA, MFA, AF, and PVDF-TFE (VF/sub 2/-VF/sub 4/) were treated with a microwave plasma in hydrogen or argon, and charged with a point-to-grid corona. It was found that a hydrogen-plasma treatment has a greater influence on charge stability than an argon-plasma process and that the stability of plasma-treated and negatively charged fluoropolymers is lower than that of untreated samples, while the stability of plasma-treated and positively charged fluoropolymers is higher. X-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy showed ablation of fluorine and incorporation of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups into the surface. Furthermore, Teflon-PFA and polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) samples were charged in a radio-frequency argon plasma by way of self-biasing. In this case, the charge level increases with increasing bias and charging time. However, enhanced sample heating must be taken into account at higher plasma power. With a plasma, PFA can be charged to higher initial values, but PETP shows better charge stability.
The bag-of-frames approach to audio pattern recognition: A sufficient model for urban soundscapes but not for polyphonic music (2007)

The "bag-of-frames" approach (BOF) to audio pattern recognition represents signals as the long-term statistical distribution of their local spectral features. This approach has proved nearly optimal for simulating the auditory perception of natural and human environments (or soundscapes), and is also the most predominent paradigm to extract high-level descriptions from music signals. However, recent studies show that, contrary to its application to soundscape signals, BOF only provides limited performance when applied to polyphonic music signals. This paper proposes to explicitly examine the difference between urban soundscapes and polyphonic music with respect to their modeling with the BOF approach. First, the application of the same measure of acoustic similarity on both soundscape and music data sets confirms that the BOF approach can model soundscapes to near-perfect precision, and exhibits none of the limitations observed in the music data set. Second, the modification of this measure by two custom homogeneity transforms reveals critical differences in the temporal and statistical structure of the typical frame distribution of each type of signal. Such differences may explain the uneven performance of BOF algorithms on soundscapes and music signals, and suggest that their human perception rely on cognitive processes of a different nature.
Exposure characteristics of alternate aperture phase-shifting masks fabricated using a subtractive process (1992)

Exposure characteristics of an alternate aperture phase-shifting mask fabricated using a subtractive process will be discussed. The subtractive process, where the phase-shifted regions are etched into a layer below the chromium, is attractive because it allows for the use of conventional chromium-on-quartz blanks, as well as providing more processing flexibility. However, recent results using a subtractive fabrication process have determined that a linewidth variation of ∼0.05 μm exists between features imaged with etched and nonetched regions of the alternate aperture pattern. This article examines some of the potential causes for this linewidth variation, including mask linewidth control, surface roughness, contamination during phase-shift forming etch step, and sidewall profile and position. Results indicate that the sidewall profile and position are critical parameters in defining the wafer feature size. The impact of phase is also investigated. The wafer feature size depends on the depth of the quartz etch and accurate endpointing of the phase-shift depth is essential for maintaining critical dimension uniformity across all features imaged with a phase-shifting mask.
<i>Colloquium</i>: Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling in graphene (2008)

A colloquium-style introduction to two electronic processes in a carbon monolayer (graphene) is presented, each having an analog in relativistic quantum mechanics. Both processes couple electronlike and holelike states, through the action of either a superconducting pair potential or an electrostatic potential. The first process, Andreev reflection, is the electron-to-hole conversion at the interface with a superconductor. The second process, Klein tunneling, is the tunneling through a $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction. The absence of backscattering, characteristic of massless Dirac fermions, implies that both processes happen with unit efficiency at normal incidence. Away from normal incidence, retro-reflection in the first process corresponds to negative refraction in the second process. In the quantum Hall effect, both Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling induce the same dependence of the two-terminal conductance plateau on the valley isospin of the carriers. Existing and proposed experiments on Josephson junctions and bipolar junctions in graphene are discussed from a unified perspective.
A New Iterative Triclass Thresholding for Liver Cancer Image using BFO (2015)

The idea of this paper is to detect the cancer from the liver image. The shape features of the cancer region are measured and it will be used for further diagnosis. The threshold for image segmentation is obtained by using triclass thresholding method. In this method, based upon the threshold the regions are divided into 3 classes. The first and second classes are foreground and background regions. The third class is a “to-be-determined ” (TBD) region. This process is done iteratively and it continued until the preset threshold value is met. To obtain the optimal threshold value this method is combined with bacterial foraging optimization and with variants of bacterial foraging optimization. The result of this method is used for further diagnosis.
The Thermal Accommodation Coefficient: A Critical Survey (1962)

Abstract : Accommodation coefficient (alpha) values which can be confidently applied to a solution of satellite-drag and heat-transfer problems must be obtained from experiments with gas molecules whose velocities match those of satellites. The problem of generating in the laboratory a nearly monoenergetic beam of molecules in the range 1 - 10 eV with adequate flux has not been solved. Experimental facilities such as shock and arc tunnels which may produce molecular flows of nearly adequate velocities are not readily adaptable to alpha measurements. For these measurements the transient flow obtained in a shock tunnel is extremely inconvenient, while the composition and energy distribution of the gas obtained in an arc tunnel is not known with sufficient accuracy. The composition of a satellite surface in orbit, and hence the accommodation coefficient, will most probably differ appreciably from that of an untreated surface of the same material exposed to a laboratory vacuum of, say only, 10 to the -7th power mm of Hg. Furthermore, in orbit, satellite surface composition may change with changing surface temperature and ambient gas pressure, resulting in corresponding changes in alpha.
Naturalistic Observation of Health-Relevant Social Processes (2012)

This article introduces a novel observational ambulatory monitoring method called the electronically activated recorder (EAR). The EAR is a digital audio recorder that runs on a handheld computer and periodically and unobtrusively records snippets of ambient sounds from participants' momentary environments. In tracking moment-to-moment ambient sounds, it yields acoustic logs of people's days as they naturally unfold. In sampling only a fraction of the time, it protects participants' privacy and makes large observational studies feasible. As a naturalistic observation method, it provides an observer's account of daily life and is optimized for the objective assessment of audible aspects of social environments, behaviors, and interactions (e.g., habitual preferences for social settings, idiosyncratic interaction styles, subtle emotional expressions). This article discusses the EAR method conceptually and methodologically, reviews prior research with it, and identifies three concrete ways in which it can enrich psychosomatic research. Specifically, it can (a) calibrate psychosocial effects on health against frequencies of real-world behavior; (b) provide ecological observational measures of health-related social processes that are independent of self-report; and (c) help with the assessment of subtle and habitual social behaviors that evade self-report but have important health implications. An important avenue for future research lies in merging traditional self-report-based ambulatory monitoring methods with observational approaches such as the EAR to allow for the simultaneous yet methodologically independent assessment of inner, experiential aspects (e.g., loneliness) and outer, observable aspects (e.g., social isolation) of real-world social processes to reveal their unique effects on health.
Second primary cancers in patients with tumours of the salivary glands. (1970)

Rates for juveniles before the courts have nearly doubled in a decade in England and Wales. Data from an epidemiological study of all the children in one com- munity who make court appearances have been collected over nine years. Enumeration district delin- quency rates for first court appearances by boys show wide and consistent differences over seven years. Similarly, such first appearance rates for schools show wide and consistent differences. No comparable data on the distribution of family disruption in the population of the study area are yet available, but an assessment of first offenders showed the majority of children to come from normal family circumstances, as defined.
Spinel-Structured ZnCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with Excess Zn Is the Active ZnO/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst for High-Temperature Methanol Synthesis (2017)

A series of ZnO/Cr2O3 catalysts with different Zn:Cr ratios was prepared by coprecipitation at a constant pH of 7 and applied in methanol synthesis at 260–300 °C and 60 bar. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the calcined catalysts with ratios from 65:35 to 55:45 consist of ZnCr2O4 spinel with a low degree of crystallinity. For catalysts with Zn:Cr ratios smaller than 1, the formation of chromates was observed in agreement with temperature-programmed reduction results. Raman and XRD results did not provide evidence for the presence of segregated ZnO, indicating the existence of Zn-rich nonstoichiometric Zn–Cr spinel in the calcined catalyst. The catalyst with Zn:Cr = 65:35 exhibits the best performance in methanol synthesis. The Zn:Cr ratio of this catalyst corresponds to that of the Zn4Cr2(OH)12CO3 precursor with hydrotalcite-like structure obtained by coprecipitation, which is converted during calcination into a nonstoichiometric Zn–Cr spinel with an optimum amount of oxygen vacancies resulting in high activity in methanol synthesis. Density functional theory calculations are used to examine the formation of oxygen vacancies and to measure the reducibility of the methanol synthesis catalysts. Doping Cr into bulk and the (10–10) surface of ZnO does not enhance the reducibility of ZnO, confirming that Cr:ZnO cannot be the active phase. The (100) surface of the ZnCr2O4 spinel has a favorable oxygen vacancy formation energy of 1.58 eV. Doping this surface with excess Zn charge-balanced by oxygen vacancies to give a 60% Zn content yields a catalyst composed of an amorphous ZnO layer supported on the spinel with high reducibility, confirming this as the active phase for the methanol synthesis catalyst.
Multichannel time-varying ARMA model identification by least squares circular lattice structures (1991)

An attempt is made to develop algorithms for the adaptive autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling of a linear, slowly time-varying, multichannel system using scalar computations only. The multivariate ARMA process is mapped to an equivalent scalar, periodic ARMA process. By properly defining the input and output vectors corresponding to the scalar process, the problem is formulated as the order-recursive computation of the orthogonal projection of the input vector on an appropriate data subspace. This is carried out by first orthogonalizing the data vectors through the Gram-Schmidt procedure resulting in the least squares circular lattice (LSCL) algorithm. The LSCL algorithm evaluated all possible lower-order ARMA lattice filters. It consists of several identical sections, one for each channel, pipelined in a circular manner, and is therefore well suited for implementation in modular architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulse-load effects on ship power system stability (2010)

In this investigation, the performance of a fully-integrated ship power system with a pulsed power load is analyzed. There are particular loads in shipboard power systems such as electromagnetic guns, electromagnetic launch systems, and free electron lasers, which draw very high short time current in an intermittent fashion. In this research, the power system is thoroughly simulated to capture its transient and dynamic behaviors during the occurrence of a pulse-load. This simulation provides better understanding of the system performance and its stability under such severe conditions, and the results demonstrate the effect of different pulse-load characteristics, i.e. the magnitude and duration of the load, and the system topology, controllers and major parameters affect the stability of the system.
Recent Advances in the Chemical Vapor Growth of Electronic Materials (1973)

The chemical vapor growth technique has been used extensively for the preparation and crystal growth of electronic materials either in the bulk form or as thin layers on substrate surfaces. Using the chemical transport technique or the reaction of gaseous compounds containing the constituents of the desired material, electronic materials with thicknesses in a wide range can be prepared at temperatures considerably below their melting points or decomposition temperatures. Furthermore, the impurity concentration and distribution in the product can be controlled to an extent not obtainable by other techniques. The recent progress in the chemical vapor growth of semiconductors, insulators, conductors, magnetic materials, and superconductors is discussed with emphasis on the epitaxial growth of semiconductors.
Association of arterial blood pressure and vasopressor load with septic shock mortality: a post hoc analysis of a multicenter trial (2009)

MAP levels of 70 mmHg or higher do not appear to be associated with improved survival in septic shock. Elevating MAP >70 mmHg by augmenting vasopressor dosages may increase mortality. Future trials are needed to identify the lowest acceptable MAP level to ensure tissue perfusion and avoid unnecessary high catecholamine infusions.
Electro-optical properties of 4,4-bis-[omega-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4yloxy)alkyloxy]biphenyls nematics (1997)

Abstract Electro-optical properties of nematics of the trimer series 4,4-bis-[omega-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4yloxy)alkyloxy]biphenyls have been investigated by the method of orientational elastic deformations in electric fields. The number n of CH2 groups in the oxyalkyl fragment was varied from n 2 to n 10. A strong odd-even effect was observed in the optical anisotropy Deltan and in the values of the threshold potential V0 for the trimer nematics. These effects are, respectively, caused by oscillations of the degree of inter- and intra-molecular orientational order when n is varied. The great difference in the dependences of Deltan and V0 on n is discussed and compared with data for dimers.
Generation of Acetoin and Its Derivatives in Foods (2014)

Acetoin is a common food flavor additive. This volatile compound widely exists in nature. Some microorganisms, higher plants, insects, and higher animals have the ability to synthesize acetoin using different enzymes and pathways under certain circumstances. As a very active molecule, acetoin acts as a precursor of dozens of compounds. Therefore, acetoin and its derivatives are frequently detected in the component analysis of a variety of foods using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Because of the increasing importance of these compounds, this paper reviews the origins and natural existence of these substances, physiological roles, the biological synthesis pathways, nonenzymatic spontaneous reactions, and the common determination methods in foods. This work is the first review on dietary natural acetoin.
Interactions between periodontopathogenic bacteria and cytokines (1997)

Cytokines produced in response to plaque bacteria clearly play a key role in the periodontal diseases. However, we know very little about the interactions between cytokines and periodontopathogenic bacteria. The aims of this study were to determine whether the key pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 could affect the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans or Porphyromonas gingivalis and to determine whether these organisms could hydrolyse IL-1 beta, IL-6 or the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Culture medium containing up to 100 ng/ml of IL-1 beta or IL-6 was inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans (serotypes a, b and c) or P. gingivalis and growth was monitored by measuring changes in electrical conductivity every 3 min for up to 48 h. IL-1 beta, IL-6 or IL-1ra were added to culture supernatants and incubated for up to 24 h. Samples were taken at various times, analysed by SDS-PAGE and the separated proteins transferred by Western blotting to PVDF membranes and probed with anti-cytokine antibodies. None of the cytokines tested had any effect on the rate of growth or yield of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis. Supernatants from P. gingivalis cultures, but not those from A. actinomycetemcomitans, hydrolysed IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-1ra. The hydrolysate from the P. gingivalis supernatant-treated IL-1 beta was unable to stimulate the release of IL-6 from human gingival fibroblasts showing that it had lost biological activity. These results suggest that P. gingivalis can perturb the cytokine network, not only by stimulating the release of cytokines from host cells, but also by removing them from its local environment.
Cholesterol Esters of Skim Milk (1980)

Cholesterol esters in raw skim milk differed in fatty acid composition from their composition in whole milk. The esters, isolated by chloroform-methanol extraction and preparative thin-layer chromatography, are characterized by an octadecadienoic acid content greater than 70 wt %. In all, unsaturated fatty acids contribute 90 wt % of the fatty acids in the cholesterol ester fraction of skim milk. These results with previous observations suggests that unsaturated lipids may be associated preferentially with the aqueous phase of milk.