gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial receptors for amino acids in water. Local environmental effect on polar recognition by 6A-amino-6B-carboxy- and 6B-amino-6A-carboxy-.beta.-cyclodextrins (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArtificial receptors for amino acids in water. Local environmental effect on polar recognition by 6A-amino-6B-carboxy- and 6B-amino-6A-carboxy-.beta.-cyclodextrinsIwao. Tabushi, Yasuhisa. Kuroda, and Tadashi. MizutaniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 15, 4514–4518Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00275a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Statics and dynamics of malaria infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. (2004)

The classic formulae in malaria epidemiology are reviewed that relate entomological parameters to malaria transmission, including mosquito survivorship and age-at-infection, the stability index (S), the human blood index (HBI), proportion of infected mosquitoes, the sporozoite rate, the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), vectorial capacity (C) and the basic reproductive number (R0). The synthesis emphasizes the relationships among classic formulae and reformulates a simple dynamic model for the proportion of infected humans. The classic formulae are related to formulae from cyclical feeding models, and some inconsistencies are noted. The classic formulae are used to to illustrate how malaria control reduces malaria transmission and show that increased mosquito mortality has an effect even larger than was proposed by Macdonald in the 1950's.
Electrically controllable long-period liquid crystal fiber gratings (2000)

An electrically controllable fiber-optic filter for broad-band rejection has been demonstrated by periodically poling a liquid-crystalline core in a hollow-core fiber by means of an external long-period-combed electrode. The periodically poled liquid-crystalline core in a period of 483 μm couples the fundamental core mode to the leaky cladding modes. A maximum loss dip of approximately 15-nm bandwidth and 6 dB band rejection has been obtained for a nonpolarized light with a combed 250-V external voltage modulation. The experimental result matches well with a numerical expectation, which has been analyzed by the discretized coupled-mode theory for an anisotropic perturbation.
Hydroxocobalamin, A Nitric Oxide Scavenger, in the Prophylaxis of Migraine: an Open, Pilot Study (2002)

Drugs which directly counteract nitric oxide (NO), such as endothelial receptor blockers, NO-synthase inhibitors, and NO-scavengers, may be effective in the acute treatment of migraine, but are also likely to be effective in migraine prophylaxis. In the underlying pilot study the prophylactic effect of the NO scavenger hydroxocobalamin after intranasal administration in migraine was evaluated. Twenty patients, with a history of migraine of > 1 year and with two to eight migraine attacks per month, were included in an open trial. A baseline period was followed by an active treatment period of 3 months with 1 mg intranasal hydroxocobalamin daily. Patients were instructed to complete a diary in which details of each attack were described. A reduction in migraine attack frequency of >/ or = 50% was seen in 10 of 19 patients, which corresponds to 53% of the patients (responders). A reduction of > or = 30% was noted in 63% of the patients. The mean attack frequency in the total study population showed a reduction from 4.7 +/- 1.7 attacks per month to 2.7 +/- 1.6 (P < 0.001). For the responders the migraine attack frequency was reduced from 5.2 +/- 1.9 (baseline) to 1.9 +/- 1.3 attacks per month (P < 0.005), while for those who did not respond a non-significant reduction was found: 4.1 +/- 1.4 to 3.7 +/- 1.5 (P > 0.1). A reduction was also observed for the total duration of the migraine attacks per month, the total number of migraine days per month and the number of medication doses for acute treatment used per month. This is the first prospective, open study indicating that intranasal hydroxocobalamin may have a prophylactic effect in migraine. As a percentage of responders in prophylactic trials of > 35-40% is unlikely to be a placebo effect, a double-blind study is warranted.
Global analysis for partitioning non-strict programs into sequential threads (1992)

article Global analysis for partitioning non-strict programs into sequential threads Share on Authors: Kenneth R. Traub View Profile , David E. Culler View Profile , Klaus E. Schauser View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN Lisp PointersVolume VIssue 1Jan. 1992 pp 324–334https://doi.org/10.1145/141478.141568Online:01 January 1992Publication History 28citation290DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations28Total Downloads290Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Copper(ii) Complexes with Reduced Schiff Base: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal, X-Ray, and Cytotoxic Studies of Novel Copper(ii) Complexes with an Arylpyrazole Ligand (2007)

The synthesis of a novel arylpyrazole-derived ligand, 1,2-bis[(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]diaminoethane (Ph4Pz2mde), and its complexes prepared with CuCl2 [Cu(Ph4Pz2mde)Cl2(MeOH)] 1, CuBr2 [Cu(Ph4Pz2mde)Br2(MeOH)] 2, from MeOH, and [Cu(Ph4Pz2mde)Cl2(DMF)] 3, from a mixture of MeOH and DMF, are described. The complexes are characterized by elemental and thermal analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy, while the 1H and 13C NMR assignments are given for the ligand. The crystal and molecular structure of [Cu(Ph4Pz2mde)Cl2(DMF)] was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In-vitro cytotoxicity of the Ph4Pz2mde ligand and two copper(ii) complexes was obtained using sulforhodamine B (SRB) treatment against three human tumour cell lines: HeLa (epitheloid carcinoma of cervix), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and MRC-5 (lung fetal fibroblasts).
Evaluation of contacts for a MEMS thermal switch (2008)

In this paper we present the evaluation of contact materials for a MEMS thermal switch. The contact materials considered were liquid-metal micro-droplets and aligned carbon nanotube arrays. Five switch configurations were tested. The thermal interfacial resistance of the switches was measured. The liquid metal switch had a minimum thermal interfacial resistance of 1.1 mm2 K W−1. The minimum thermal interfacial resistance of the best carbon nanotube thermal switch was 20.4 mm2 K W−1. The ratio of the switch off to on thermal resistance was measured for each configuration. Based on these measurements, a switch incorporating liquid-metal droplets is found to be superior to switches incorporating aligned carbon nanotubes.
Discriminating Alzheimer's disease progression using a new hippocampal marker from T1‐weighted MRI: The local surface roughness (2018)

Hippocampal atrophy is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is still controversy about whether this sign is a robust finding during the early stages of the disease, such as in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Considering this background, we proposed a new marker for assessing hippocampal atrophy: the local surface roughness (LSR). We tested this marker in a sample of 307 subjects (normal control (NC) = 70, SCD = 87, MCI = 137, AD = 13). In addition, 97 patients with MCI were followed-up over a 3-year period and classified as stable MCI (sMCI) (n = 61) or progressive MCI (pMCI) (n = 36). We did not find significant differences using traditional markers, such as normalized hippocampal volumes (NHV), between the NC and SCD groups or between the sMCI and pMCI groups. However, with LSR we found significant differences between the sMCI and pMCI groups and a better ability to discriminate between NC and SCD. The classification accuracy of the LSR for NC and SCD was 68.2%, while NHV had a 57.2% accuracy. In addition, the classification accuracy of the LSR for sMCI and pMCI was 74.3%, and NHV had a 68.3% accuracy. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and education were used to estimate the relative hazard of progression from MCI to AD based on hippocampal markers and conversion times. The LSR marker showed better prediction of conversion to AD than NHV. These results suggest the relevance of considering the LSR as a new hippocampal marker for the AD continuum.
Analysis of Chemical Tracer Flowback in Unconventional Reservoirs (2014)

Abstract Because of the need to quantify hydraulic fracture effectiveness, injection of chemical tracers in unconventional reservoirs has increased in popularity. Typical tracers are oil or water-soluble chemicals, which are injected into the formation along with the fracturing fluids. The tracers should invade a significant portion of the stimulated rock volume (SRV). The tracer backflow could shed light on the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing process and the SRV size. Emulsion tracers and controlled-release tracers are the two tracer types currently used in the industry. This paper presents application, implementation and analysis of tracer flowback in unconventional reservoirs to determine individual stage flow patterns. The tracer flowback response is also of value in assessing the probable effectiveness of various enhanced oil recovery protocols in unconventional reservoirs. We present two field examples from Bakken and Eagle Ford formations to demonstrate the value of information obtained from the interpretation and analyses of tracer flowback.
Frank-starling control of a left ventricular assist device (2011)

A physiological control system was developed for a rotary left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in which the target pump flow rate (LVADQ) was set as a function of left atrial pressure (LAP), mimicking the Frank-Starling mechanism. The control strategy was implemented using linear PID control and was evaluated in a pulsatile mock circulation loop using a prototyped centrifugal pump by varying pulmonary vascular resistance to alter venous return. The control strategy automatically varied pump speed (2460 to 1740 to 2700 RPM) in response to a decrease and subsequent increase in venous return. In contrast, a fixed-speed pump caused a simulated ventricular suction event during low venous return and higher ventricular volumes during high venous return. The preload sensitivity was increased from 0.011 L/min/mmHg in fixed speed mode to 0.47L/min/mmHg, a value similar to that of the native healthy heart. The sensitivity varied automatically to maintain the LAP and LVADQ within a predefined zone. This control strategy requires the implantation of a pressure sensor in the left atrium and a flow sensor around the outflow cannula of the LVAD. However, appropriate pressure sensor technology is not yet commercially available and so an alternative measure of preload such as pulsatility of pump signals should be investigated.
Laser-induced microbubble poration of localized single cells (2014)

Laser-induced microbubbles were used to porate the cell membranes of localized single NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Microsecond laser pulses were focused on an optically absorbent substrate, creating a vapour microbubble that oscillated in size at the laser focal point in a fluidic chamber. The shear stress accompanying the bubble size oscillation was able to porate nearby cells. Cell poration was demonstrated with the delivery of FITC-dextran dye with various molecular weights. Under optimal poration conditions, the cell poration efficiency was up to 95.2 ± 4.8%, while maintaining 97.6 ± 2.4% cell viability. The poration system is able to target a single cell without disturbing surrounding cells.
Formaldehyde (1992)

In 1979 formaldehyde was projected into the toxicological limelight when Kerns and his group from the American Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) released preliminary results of an inhalation study on male and female rats. Those animals exposed to 14.3 p.p.m. for 8 h/day and 5 days/week for up to 2 years showed the development of squamous cell carcinomas in a high proportion (55 per cent) of the animals. Rats similarly exposed to 5.6 p.p.m. were slightly affected with 0.85 per cent producing tumours. The next 10 years became a frenzy of activity by toxicologists, epidemiologists and industry groups, all striving to answer the question: 'Is formaldehyde a human carcinogen?'. This paper will attempt to examine the extent to which the question has been answered. It will consider how the industry responded to the initial shock finding and review the subsequent accumulation of animal and human data. It will also address the regulatory position and compare the steps taken in different countries to control the risk, and again consider how industry has responded to such regulatory forces. This review will necessarily only be able to cover the main issues and major conclusions as the extent of the subject is enormous. There are, however, a number of comprehensive texts on the subject should more information be required.
Introduction (2011)

This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of France's invasion and colonization of Algeria starting in the 1830s. It then sets out the book's central argument, that the roots of French Algeria lay in contests over political legitimacy sparked by the Atlantic revolutions of the eighteenth century. The crisis of colonial legitimacy resulting from the Haitian Revolution as well as the crisis of political legitimacy engendered by the French Revolution pushed forward the processes of military conquest and settlement colonization that made Algeria not just a French colony, but ultimately part of France itself. The book seeks to explain the policy choices that led France back onto the colonial stage between 1830 and 1848. It also aims to understand how contemporary culture shaped the processes of military conquest and settler colonization that made Algeria French. Together, these questions provide an understanding of why the founding of France's most important modern colony took place when and how it did.
TSN Algorithms for Large Scale Networks: A Survey and Conceptual Comparison (2019)

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of queueing and scheduling mechanisms for supporting large scale deterministic networks (LDNs). The survey finds that extensive mechanism design research and standards development for LDNs has been conducted over the past few years. However, these mechanism design studies have not been followed up with a comprehensive rigorous evaluation. The main outcome of this survey is a clear organization of the various research and standardization efforts towards queueing and scheduling mechanisms for LDNs as well as the identification of the main strands of mechanism development and their interdependencies. Based on this survey, it appears urgent to conduct a comprehensive rigorous simulation study of the main strands of mechanisms.
<i>In Vitro</i>  Batch Fecal Fermentation Comparison of Gas and Short‐Chain Fatty Acid Production Using “Slowly Fermentable” Dietary Fibers (2011)

Consumption of dietary fibers, particularly commercial prebiotics, leads to uncomfortable feelings of bloating and flatulence due to their rapid degradation in our large intestine. This article employs claimed potential slowly fermenting fibers and compares their fermentation rates with a benchmark slow fermenting fiber that we fabricated in an in vitro simulation of the human digestive system. Results show a variety of fermentation profiles only some of which have slow and extended rate of fermentation.
Genomic Organization of the Human <i>PEX</i> Gene Mutated in X-Linked Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets (1997)

X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP) is the most common form of hereditary rickets. Recently we have cloned the PEX gene and shown it to be mutated and deleted in HYP individuals. We have now completely sequenced a 243-kb genomic region containing PEX and have identified all intron–exon boundary sequences. We show that PEX, homologous to members of a neutral endopeptidase family, has an exon organization that is very similar to neprilysin. We have performed an extensive mutation analysis examining all 22 PEX coding exons in 29 familial and 14 sporadic cases of hypophosphatemia. Sequence changes include missense, frameshift, nonsense, and splice site mutations and intragenic deletions. A mutation was found in 25 (86%) of the 29 familial cases and 8 (57%) of the 14 sporadic cases. Our data provide the first evidence that most of the familial and also a large number of the sporadic cases of hypophosphatemia are caused by loss-of-function mutations in PEX . [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. Y08111 – Y08132 and Y10196 .]
Investigation of resistive switching in Cu-doped HfO<sub>2</sub>thin film for multilevel non-volatile memory applications (2009)

In this paper, the resistive switching characteristics in a Cu/HfO(2):Cu/Pt sandwiched structure is investigated for multilevel non-volatile memory applications. The device shows excellent resistive switching performance, including good endurance, long retention time, fast operation speed and a large storage window (R(OFF)/R(ON)>10(7)). Based on the temperature-dependent test results, the formation of Cu conducting filaments is believed to be the reason for the resistance switching from the OFF state to the ON state. By integrating the resistive switching mechanism study and the device fabrication, different resistance values are achieved using different compliance currents in the program process. These resistance values can be easily distinguished in a large temperature range, and can be maintained over 10 years by extrapolating retention data at room temperature. The integrated experiment and mechanism studies set up the foundation for the development of high-performance multilevel RRAM.
Insights into the Mechanism of Inhibition of Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors from Characterization of Resistant Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus (2015)

The type II topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are clinically validated bacterial targets that catalyze the modulation of DNA topology that is vital to DNA replication, repair, and decatenation. Increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones, which trap the topoisomerase-DNA complex, has led to significant efforts in the discovery of novel inhibitors of these targets. AZ6142 is a member of the class of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) that utilizes a distinct mechanism to trap the protein-DNA complex. AZ6142 has very potent activity against Gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. In this study, we determined the frequencies of resistance to AZ6142 and other representative NBTI compounds in S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. The frequencies of selection of resistant mutants at 4× the MIC were 1.7 × 10(-8) for S. aureus and <5.5 × 10(-10) for S. pneumoniae. To improve our understanding of the NBTI mechanism of inhibition, the resistant S. aureus mutants were characterized and 20 unique substitutions in the topoisomerase subunits were identified. Many of these substitutions were located outside the NBTI binding pocket and impact the susceptibility of AZ6142, resulting in a 4- to 32-fold elevation in the MIC over the wild-type parent strain. Data on cross-resistance with other NBTIs and fluoroquinolones enabled the differentiation of scaffold-specific changes from compound-specific variations. Our results suggest that AZ6142 inhibits both type II topoisomerases in S. aureus but that DNA gyrase is the primary target. Further, the genotype of the resistant mutants suggests that domain conformations and DNA interactions may uniquely impact NBTIs compared to fluoroquinolones.
Improvement of the separation of tumour cells from peripheral blood cells using magnetic nanoparticles (2006)

Circulating tumour cells are a key challenge in tumour therapy. Numerous approaches are on the way to achieving the elimination of these potential sources of metastasis formation. Antibody-directed magnetic cell sorting is supposed to enrich tumour cells with high selectivity, but low efficiency. The short term application of carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) coated magnetit/maghemit nanoparticles allows the discrimination of tumour cells from leukocytes. In the present work we show that the interaction of CMD nanoparticles is cell-type specific and time dependent. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the CML cell line K-562 are characterized by a rapid and high interaction rate, whereas leukocytes exhibit a decelerated behaviour. The addition of carboxymethyl dextran or glucose stimulated the magnetic labelling of leukocytes. The variation of the degree of substitution of dextran with carboxymethyl groups did not affect the labelling profile of leukocytes and MCF-7 cells. In order to verify the in vitro results, whole blood samples from 13 cancer patients were analysed ex vivo. Incubation of the purified leukocyte fraction with CMD nanoparticles in the presence of low amounts of plasma reduced the overall cell content in the positive fraction. In contrast, the absolute number of residual tumour cells in the positive fraction was 90% of the initial amount.