gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic conductivity of lung venules determined by split-drop technique (1988)

The split-drop method has been used to determine filtration rate per unit surface area in the single pulmonary venule. In isolated perfused lungs of nine dogs, blood flow was stopped at different vascular pressures. By means of a double-micropuncture technique under stereomicroscopy, an oil drop was injected in a subpleural venule. The oil drop was then split with a solution of albumin (5.6 g/100 ml) in Ringer lactate. As the Ringer-albumin solution filtered, the distance between the menisci of the split oil drop (split-drop length) decreased. The split-drop geometry and the rate of change of split-drop length were recorded. The calculated venular filtration rate per unit surface area related linearly with vascular pressure (P less than 0.05). The slope of the line equaled venular hydraulic conductivity, which averaged 2.9 +/- 0.02 x 10(-7) ml/(cm2.s.cmH2O). Hydraulic conductivity is lower in lung than in systemic venules.
Photochemically assisted one-pot synthesis of PMMA embedded silver nanoparticles: antibacterial efficacy and water treatment (2016)

Achievement of simultaneous reduction of bactericidal silver nanoparticles and<italic>in situ</italic>polymerization by photo irradiation is beneficial for water treatment.
Physical vapor-phase growth of pentacene crystal thin films (2002)

Physical vapor deposition in horizontal systems has been used to grow crystal thin-film of organic semiconductor pentacene. Using 10~30mg of starting material, 20~30mm sized crystals thin-film, suitable for characterization measurements or device fabricated, have been grown. And we have measured the sample of pentacene crystal thin-film using TEM. X-ray diffraction electron microscopy. The results indicated that the crystal lattice array order.
LiNbO3 film with a new epitaxial orientation on R-cut sapphire (1994)

It is argued that epitaxial films of ionically bonded materials are more easily achieved than those of covalently bonded materials. Good epitaxy can be achieved despite a relatively large lattice mismatch with the substrate. However, a strong influence of interfacial energy can result in difficulty in controlling the orientation of epitaxial films. The crystallographic orientation of ionically bonded LiNbO3 films was therefore studied. Growth orientation was controlled by paying attention to the sharing between octahedra in the structure and to the formation of the octahedra containing lithium and niobium ions. The orientation of the film on R-cut (011̄2) sapphire changed from (011̄2) to (101̄0) via (112̄0) by increasing the Li concentration in the film. Lithium concentration could be increased by increasing the rf power, O2 partial pressure and total gas pressure, and decreasing the substrate temperature during sputtering deposition. The (011̄2) and (101̄0) films were epitaxial with respect to the substrate. The (101̄0) epitaxial film, in particular, was of excellent quality. Detailed studies on the crystallinity and the formation mechanism of LiNbO3 film with a new epitaxial orientation (101̄0) on (011̄2) sapphire was performed. Based on the degree of freedom in sharing of octahedra containing Li and Nb, sufficient Li concentration and effects of the interfacial restriction are considered to promote the formation of the (101̄0) epitaxial film. If deposition is performed under the conditions by which (101̄0) epitaxial film is formed, excellent epitaxial film can be formed because the interface between (101̄0) LiNbO3 and (011̄2) sapphire has a larger cohesive energy.
Designing for Healthy Lifestyles: Design Considerations for Mobile Technologies to Encourage Consumer Health and Wellness (2012)

As the rates of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease continue to rise, the development of effective tools that can help people adopt and sustain healthier habits is becoming ever more important. Mobile computing holds great promise for providing effective support for helping people manage their health in everyday life. Yet, for this promise to be realized, mobile wellness systems need to be well designed, not only in terms of how they implement specific behavior-change techniques but also, among other factors, in terms of how much burden they put on the user, how well they integrate into the user's daily life, and how they address the user's privacy concerns. Designing for all of these constraints is difficult, and it is often not clear what tradeoffs particular design decisions have on how a wellness application is experienced and used. In this monograph, we provide an account of different design approaches to common features of mobile wellness applications and we discuss the tradeoffs inherent in those approaches. We also outline the key challenges that HCI researchers and designers will need to address to move the state of the art for mobile wellness technologies forward.
Annealing of multivacancy defects in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mi>SiC</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2006)

The annealing behavior of defects observed in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photoluminescence (PL) is discussed. We consider the divacancy (the P6/P7 EPR centers) and a previously unreported EPR center that we suggest is a ${V}_{\mathrm{C}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{V}_{\mathrm{Si}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{V}_{\mathrm{C}}$ trivacancy and their relationship with each other and with the UD1--3 series of PL lines near $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. We observe that the divacancy and the UD2 PL lines annealing behavior is strongly correlated further establishing the relationship between the EPR and PL centers. We present a detailed discussion of this center and its $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ hyperfine spectra which supports our assignment as a trivacancy. The intensity of this center increases with annealing temperature as the divacancy decreases and there is a sample-to-sample correspondence between the overall intensities of the two centers. However, the details of their annealing suggest a more complex relationship than a simple one-to-one transformation. In addition, while the UD1 PL increases with annealing temperature, sample-to-sample variations indicate it is not related to this EPR center.
Grid Code Requirements for Wind Power Integration in Europe (2013)

As the capacity of wind power continues to increase globally, stricter requirements regarding grid connection of wind generators are introduced by system operators. The development of wind turbine technology is inevitably affected by the new grid codes, and wind power plants are expected to support the grid and provide ancillary services much like conventional power plants. The most demanding regulations are found in Europe where wind penetration levels are higher. This paper presents the main aspects of current grid code requirements for the integration of wind power in European countries and suggests performance characteristics in order to satisfy the most demanding requirements. The dynamic behavior of wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators is investigated and a solution for low voltage ride through compliance is presented.
Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Network (VPN) Terminology (2005)

The widespread interest in provider-provisioned Virtual Private Network (VPN) solutions lead to memos proposing different and overlapping solutions. The IETF working groups (first Provider Provisioned VPNs and later Layer 2 VPNs and Layer 3 VPNs) have discussed these proposals and documented specifications. This has lead to the development of a partially new set of concepts used to describe the set of VPN services.
Some effects of cocatalyst structure on the anionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam. II. (1967)

Abstract A study of the effect of catalyst (base) concentration and N ‐acylcaprolactam cocatalyst size and substitution on the fast anionic polymerization of caprolactam indicated that a steric effect due to cocatalyst size exists, and perhaps an electronic effect due to cocatalyst substitution was noted. The rate of polymerization, degree of polymerization, and yield of polymer are related to these effects. It was also noted that at high base concentrations, the rate and degree of polymerization along with the product yields all decrease. These latter observations suggest that reinterpretation of some of the reaction mechanism data may be important if polymer degradation is not an appreciable factor during the reaction.
Position and Trajectory Learning for Microphone Arrays (2006)

In this paper, we tackle the problem of source localization by example. We present a methodology that allows a user to train a microphone array system using signals from a set of positions and trajectories and subsequently recall the localization information when presented with new input signals. To do so we present a new statistical model which is capable of accurately describing features from the cross spectra of the microphone signals so as to model the room responses from all positions of interest. We further extend this model to allow modeling of sequences of positions, thereby also enabling the learning and recognition of trajectories. Because of its learning nature this method provides practical advantages in setting up a microphone array, by not requiring favorable room acoustics, careful element positioning or uniformity of sensors. It also introduces an approach to localization which can be extended to other problems requiring models of transfer functions. We present tests on synthetic and real-world data and present the resulting recognition rates for a variety of situations
Single-photon imaging in complementary metal oxide semiconductor processes (2014)

This paper describes the basics of single-photon counting in complementary metal oxide semiconductors, through single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and the making of miniaturized pixels with photon-counting capability based on SPADs. Some applications, which may take advantage of SPAD image sensors, are outlined, such as fluorescence-based microscopy, three-dimensional time-of-flight imaging and biomedical imaging, to name just a few. The paper focuses on architectures that are best suited to those applications and the trade-offs they generate. In this context, architectures are described that efficiently collect the output of single pixels when designed in large arrays. Off-chip readout circuit requirements are described for a variety of applications in physics, medicine and the life sciences. Owing to the dynamic nature of SPADs, designs featuring a large number of SPADs require careful analysis of the target application for an optimal use of silicon real estate and of limited readout bandwidth. The paper also describes the main trade-offs involved in architecting such chips and the solutions adopted with focus on scalability and miniaturization.
Properties of RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes Before and After the P-TEFb-mediated Transition into Productive Elongation (2007)

The positive transcription elongation factor, P-TEFb, controls the fraction of initiated RNA polymerase II molecules that enter into the productive mode of elongation necessary to generate mRNAs. To better understand the mechanism of this transition into productive elongation we optimized a defined in vitro transcription system and compared results obtained with it to those obtained with a crude system. We found that controlling the function of TFIIF is a key aspect of RNA polymerase II elongation control. Before P-TEFb function, early elongation complexes under the control of negative factors are completely unresponsive to the robust elongation stimulatory activity of TFIIF. P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation events, targeting the elongation complex containing DSIF and NELF, reverse the negative effect of DSIF and NELF and simultaneously facilitate the action of TFIIF. We also found that productive elongation complexes are completely resistant to negative elongation factors. Our data suggest that an additional factor(s) is involved in establishing the unique resistance activities of the elongation complexes before and after P-TEFb function. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the existence of another positive activity required for efficient function of P-TEFb. A model of the mechanism of P-TEFb-mediated elongation control is proposed in which P-TEFb induces the transition into productive elongation by changing the accessibility of elongation factors to elongation complexes. Our results have uncovered important properties of elongation complexes that allow a more complete understanding of how P-TEFb controls the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
Guest-host interactions in nematic liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy (1979)

A guest-host cell with small pretilt from homeotropic alignment was made of an Nn-type liquid-crystal and pleochroic dyes. It is shown that this cell displays a colored pattern on a colorless background, country to colour displays of the convential guest-host type.
Process partitioning for distributed embedded systems (1996)

We present a new technique for partitioning processes in distributed embedded systems. Our heuristic algorithm minimizes both context switch and communication overhead under real-time deadline and process size constraints; it also tries to allocate functions to processors which are well-suited to that function. The algorithm analyzes the sensitivity of the latency of the task graph to changes in vertices hierarchical clustering, splitting and border adjusting. This algorithm can be used for initial partitioning during co-synthesis of distributed embedded systems. Synthesis of examples partitioned by our algorithm with implementations synthesized directly from the original example shows that our partitioning algorithm significantly improves the results obtainable by practical co-synthesis algorithms.
Granuloma annulare. Identification of cells in the cutaneous infiltrate by immunoperoxidase techniques. (1984)

To characterize the immunopathologic process of granuloma annulare, frozen sections of eight specimens were evaluated with monoclonal antibodies directed against T lymphocytes and the monocyte-macrophage series, in conjunction with immunoperoxidase techniques and with histochemical staining. The predominant lymphocyte was an activated T lymphocyte (Leu 1+, HLA-Dr+) with an excess of helper-inducer phenotype (Leu 3a+), as compared with suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype (Leu 2a+). OKT-6+ Langerhans' cells were observed in the epidermis, and numerous OKT-6+ cells were observed in the perivascular and granulomatous infiltrate. The use of four monoclonal antibodies, having specificity against peripheral blood monocyte antigens, revealed three different staining patterns in the granulomas. Finally, mast cells were present in perivascular and granulomatous infiltrates. Our results demonstrate that the cutaneous infiltrate of granuloma annulare contains all of the principal cell types that characterize cell-mediated immune responses.
Exploiting Type 3 Complement Receptor for TNF-α Suppression, Immune Evasion, and Progressive Pulmonary Fungal Infection (2004)

TNF-alpha is crucial in defense against intracellular microbes. Host immune cells use type 3 complement receptors (CR3) to regulate excess TNF-alpha production during physiological clearance of apoptotic cells. BAD1, a virulence factor of Blastomyces dermatitidis, is displayed on yeast and released during infection. BAD1 binds yeast to macrophages (Mphi) via CR3 and CD14 and suppresses TNF-alpha, which is required for resistance. We investigated whether blastomyces adhesin 1 (BAD1) exploits host receptors for immune deviation and pathogen survival. Soluble BAD1 rapidly entered Mphi, accumulated intracellularly by 10 min after introduction to cells, and trafficked to early and late endosomes. Inhibition of receptor recycling by monodansyl cadaverine blocked association of BAD1 with Mphi and reversed TNF-alpha suppression in vitro. Inhibition of BAD1 uptake with cytochalasin D and FcR-redirected delivery of soluble BAD1 as Ag-Ab complexes or of wild-type yeast opsonized with IgG similarly reversed TNF-alpha suppression. Hence, receptor-mediated entry of BAD1 is requisite in TNF-alpha suppression, and the route of entry is critical. Binding of soluble BAD1 to Mphi of CR3(-/-) and CD14(-/-) mice was reduced to 50 and 33%, respectively, of that in wild-type mice. Mphi of CR3(-/-) and CD14(-/-) mice resisted soluble BAD1 TNF-alpha suppression in vitro, but, in contrast to CR3(-/-) cells, CD14(-/-) cells were still subject to suppression mediated by surface BAD1 on wild-type yeast. CR3(-/-) mice resisted both infection and TNF-alpha suppression in vivo, in contrast to wild-type and CD14(-/-) mice. BAD1 of B. dermatitidis thus co-opts normal host cell physiology by exploiting CR3 to subdue TNF-alpha production and foster pathogen survival.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the disintegrin contortrostatin from<i>Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix</i>snake venom (2002)

Disintegrins are cysteine-rich RGD-containing peptides that block tumor-cell implantation and angiogenesis. Contortrostatin, a homodimeric disintegrin (64 residues in each chain) from southern copperhead snake venom, has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized. Initial attempts at crystallization led to a form grown from polyethylene glycol (PEG), which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 57.39, b = 139.55, c = 78.98 A, and diffracts to a resolution limit of 3.2 A. Very recently, a new crystalline form of the title protein has been obtained grown from ammonium sulfate [(NH(4))(2)SO(4)] as a precipitant having a space group of P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 37.52, b = 59.93, c = 121.37 A. These improved crystals diffract to a resolution limit of 1.7 A.
A protein involved in minichromosome maintenance in yeast binds a transcriptional enhancer conserved in eukaryotes. (1989)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM1 gene product is a protein with multiple functions. It is a transcription factor necessary for expression of mating-type-specific genes and is also required for the maintenance of minichromosomes. MCM1 shows DNA-binding specificities similar to those of two previously reported DNA-binding factors, pheromone/receptor transcription factor (PRTF) and general regulator of mating type (GRM); like PRTF, its activity can be modulated by the alpha 1 protein. MCM1 binds to the dyad symmetry element 5'-CCTAATTAGG and related sequences, which we refer to as MCM1 control elements (MCEs). MCEs are found within the regulatory regions of a- and alpha-specific genes. Direct and indirect DNA binding assays suggest that a conserved 5'-ATTAGG in one-half of the dyad symmetry element is important for MCM1 binding whereas variants in the other half are tolerated. We have used a novel DNase I 'nicking interference' assay to investigate the interaction of MCM1 with its substrate. These data suggest that MCM1 binds as a dimer, interacting symmetrically with the ATTAGG residues in each half of the binding site. MCM1 contains striking homology to the DNA-binding domain of the human serum response factor (SRF) which mediates the transient transcriptional activation of growth-stimulated genes by binding to the serum response element (SRE). We have shown that MCM1 binds to the human c-fos SRE in vitro and, like other MCEs, the c-fos SRE exhibits MCM1-mediated upstream activating sequence (UAS) activity in vivo.
Influence of Seeding and Bath Conditions in Hydrothermal Growth of Very Thin (∼20 nm) Single-Crystalline Rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanorod Films (2013)

New seeding conditions have been examined for the hydrothermal growth of single-crystalline rutile TiO₂ nanorods. Rutile nanorods of ∼20 nm diameter are grown from seed layers consisting of either (A) TiO₂ or MnOOH nanocrystals deposited from suspension, or (B) a continuous sheet of TiO₂. These seed layers are more effective for seeding the growth of rutile nanorods compared to the use of bare F-SnO₂ substrates. The TiO₂ sheet seeding allows lower concentration of titanium alkoxide precursor relative to previously reported procedures, but fusion of the resulting TiO₂ nanorods into bundles occurs at higher precursor concentration and/or longer growth duration. Performance of polymer-oxide solar cells prepared using these nanorods shows a dependence on the extent of bundling as well as rod height.
Mass spectra of partial protein hydrolysates as a multiple phase check for long polypeptides deduced from DNA sequences: NH2-terminal segment of alanine tRNA synthetase. (1980)

A strategy has been developed for rapid and accurate determination of the amino acid sequence of large proteins, such as many of the members of the class of proteins known as aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. This strategy involves combining DNA sequencing of the gene for the protein of interest with gas chromatographic mass spectrometric identification of tetra- and pentapeptides in partial hydrolysates of the entire protein or very large fragments thereof. These peptides are matched to blocks of codons at locations scattered throughout the entire structural gene. Tetra- and pentapeptide sequences are sufficiently long that they are unlikely to be repeated in the protein sequence or to occur in an incorrect reading frame; therefore, they can be placed at unique clusters of codons on the DNA. This procedure rigorously establishes the proper phasing of the DNA throughout the entire length of the structural gene, and the protein sequence is thereby accurately read from the DNA sequence. This approach is being used to determine the amino acid sequence of EScherichia coli alanine tRNA synthetase, a protein that has approximately 900 amino acids. This paper reports the sequence of the first 165 amino acids from the NH2 terminus.
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: Experience with 1,000 Patients (2013)

This largest reported single-center experience with CS and HIPEC demonstrates that prognostic factors include primary site, performance status, completeness of resection, and institutional experience. The data show that outcomes have improved over time, with more complete cytoreduction and fewer serious complications, transfusions, and stomas. This was due to better patient selection and increased operative experience. Cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC represents a substantial improvement in outcomes compared with historical series, and shows that meaningful long-term survival is possible for selected carcinomatosis patients. Multi-institutional cooperative trials are needed to refine the use of CS and HIPEC.
Catalyzed Removal of Hydrogen from Electronic Equipment. (1975)

The AN/PRC-77 Radio Set is one example of a semi-sealed electronic equipment in which hydrogen, generated by the battery supply, presents an explosion hazard when in contact with the electronic componentry. This report describes and compares several noble metal catalytic systems which may be used for the purpose of eliminating the hydrogen, through oxidation with air, in a safe and controlled manner. The report also describes a simple and novel detector utilizing a catalyst which warns of hydrogen entry into a semi-sealed environment. (Author)