gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A METHOD TO QUANTIFY GAS SATURATION IN GAS/WATER SYSTEMS, USING DENSITY AND NEUTRON LOGS - INTERPRETATION OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES WHEN COMPARED WITH GAS SATURATIONS FROM RESISTIVITY ANALYSIS (2007)

A standard approach to evaluate gas effects on porosity logs is the “density/neutron cross over” response. In the presences of gas, bulk density is reduced, and the neutron log is suppressed. The degree of cross over can be related quantitatively to gas saturation, so long as accurate knowledge of matrix lithology is available. In the calculations presented in this presentation, porosity calculations (lithology corrected) for the density and neutron logs are compared with the cross plot density/neutron porosity. This latter calculation requires no input of matrix properties and, in gas/water systems, is relatively insensitive to fluid content. Differences between the individual porosity log calculations and cross plot porosity yield quantified estimates of gas saturation for each log individually. These estimates, when compared with standard resistivity modeling of gas saturation can be used to gain insight into gas reservoir characteristics:
Five New Quassinoids from the Bark of <i>Picrasma quassioides</i> (2004)

Abstract Five new quassinoids, named picraqualides A–E ( 1 – 5 ), together with eleven known ones, nigakilactone E ( 6 ), nigakilactone F ( 7 ), kusulactone ( 8 ), javanicin U ( 9 ), 12‐norquassin ( 10 ), quassin ( 11 ), 2,3‐didehydropicrasin B ( 12 ), nigakilactone B ( 13 ), nigakilactone C ( 14 ), picrasin B ( 15 ), and simalikalacton C ( 16 ), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the bark of Picrasma quassioides (D. D on ) B enn . Their structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic methods, especially by 2D‐NMR techniques and circular dichroism (CD). Some empirical rules were summarized on the basis of 13 C‐NMR spectral analysis to distinguish between OH (or Ac) groups attached at C(11) vs. C(13).
A Practical Security Risk Analysis Process and Tool for Information System (2006)

While conventional business administration-based information technology management methods are applied to the risk analysis of information systems, no security risk analysis techniques have been used in relation to information protection. In particular, given the rapid diffusion of information systems and the demand for information protection, it is vital to develop security risk analysis techniques. Therefore, this paper will suggest an ideal risk analysis process for information systems. To prove the usefulness of this security risk analysis process, this paper will show the results of managed, physical and technical security risk analysis that are derived from investigating and analyzing the conventional information protection items of an information system.
BANDING ANALYSIS OF THE SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF THE DOMESTIC DOG (<i>CANIS FAMILIARIS</i>) (1976)

The chromosomes of the domestic dog (Beagle) were investigated by several different staining techniques. G-banding, Q-banding, and the bis-benzimidazol derivative Hoechst 33258, make possible the identification of all 39 chromosome pairs. Constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) was present on a few chromosomes as distinctive, large stained areas; on the other autosomes there was little or no heterochromatin detectable.
다중회귀를 이용한 도심 재생하천이 음이온 농도에 미치는 영향 분석: 서울시 청계천을 대상으로 (2012)

도심 재생하천인 청계천을 대상으로 치유의 대표적 인자인 음이온 농도의 분포현황을 분석하고자 하였다. 청계천에 분포하는 음이온 농도는 일반적으로 도심지에 분포하는 음이온 농도 150~450ea/cm³ 보다 조금 상회하는 수치인 620±186ea/cm³이었으며 수변지역에서 736ea/cm³, 제방지역에서 633ea/cm³, 50m지역에서 593ea/cm³, 100m지역에서 567ea/cm³, 150m지역에서 440ea/cm³, 200m지역에서 543ea/cm³ 등의 순으로 수변지역에서 멀어질수록 음이온 농도가 감소하였다. 기상인자와 음이온 농도의 상관성 분석 결과 기온, 상대습도, 풍속과의 상관성이 검증되었으며 상대습도와 풍속은 정의 상관관계, 기온과는 부의 상관관계가 나타나 기온이 상승할수록 음이온 농도가 낮아지며 풍속과 상대습도가 높을수록 음이온 농도가 증가하는 결과를 도출하였다. 회귀분석 결과, Y=208.774X1-49.451X2+1642.131(X1=풍속, X2=기온 R²=0.405)의 예측식을 얻었다.
Sequence of Degeneration of Corti's Organ and its First-Order Neurons (1974)

In our temporal bone material, sensory and neural degeneration do not occur independently. Usually there is a good correlation between the extent and severity of hair cell loss and the nerve degeneration in the osseous spiral lamina. Sensorineural degeneration in ototoxicity and after sound exposure is mostly sensory in nature in the initial phase of the process. Presence of supporting elements effectively delays secondary nerve degeneration. Degeneration of Corti's organ can often be complete, but the corresponding nerve degeneration is usually only severe to subtotal, never complete. Sensorineural degeneration which is predominantly neural (without parallel hair cell loss) is rare and occurred in less than 5% of our material. Severe subtotal nerve degeneration with hair cells still remaining was found only in one single temporal bone. Furthermore, Spoendlin's experiments in the cat suggest that in man also a portion of the first-order cochlear neuron could have an unusual degeneration behavior and may not degenerate in the case of compression or transection. The fact that sensory and neural degeneration rarely occur in reasonably “pure” forms may explain why it is often difficult to distinguish between them by means of audiological tests alone.
Haplotypes at the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene locus mediate risk for schizophrenia through reduced DTNBP1 expression (2005)

The DTNBP1 gene, encoding dysbindin, is now generally considered to be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. However, the confidence with which this hypothesis can be held has to be tempered by the poor reproducibility between studies in terms of the exact nature of the associated haplotypes, by the failure so far to identify any specific susceptibility variants and by the absence of any demonstrated function associated with any of the risk haplotypes. In the present study, we show that a defined schizophrenia risk haplotype tags one or more cis-acting variants that results in a relative reduction in DTNBP1 mRNA expression in human cerebral cortex. Subsidiary analyses suggest that risk haplotypes identified in other sample groups of white European ancestry also index lower DTNBP1 expression, whereas putative 'protective' haplotypes index high DTNBP1 expression. Our data indicate that variation in the DTNBP1 gene confers susceptibility to schizophrenia through reduced expression, and that this, therefore, represents a primary aetiological mechanism in the disorder.
SP 800-125. Guide to Security for Full Virtualization Technologies (2011)

The purpose of SP 800-125 is to discuss the security concerns associated with full virtualization technologies for server and desktop virtualization, and to provide recommendations for addressing these concerns. Full virtualization technologies run one or more operating systems and their applications on top of virtual hardware. Full virtualization is used for operational efficiency, such as in cloud computing, and for allowing users to run applications for multiple operating systems on a single computer.
A human expression system based on HEK293 for the stable production of recombinant erythropoietin (2019)

Mammalian host cell lines are the preferred expression systems for the manufacture of complex therapeutics and recombinant proteins. However, the most utilized mammalian host systems, namely Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Sp2/0 and NS0 mouse myeloma cells, can produce glycoproteins with non-human glycans that may potentially illicit immunogenic responses. Hence, we developed a fully human expression system based on HEK293 cells for the stable and high titer production of recombinant proteins by first knocking out GLUL (encoding glutamine synthetase) using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Expression vectors using human GLUL as selection marker were then generated, with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) as our model protein. Selection was performed using methionine sulfoximine (MSX) to select for high EPO expression cells. EPO production of up to 92700 U/mL of EPO as analyzed by ELISA or 696 mg/L by densitometry was demonstrated in a 2 L stirred-tank fed batch bioreactor. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that N-glycosylation of the produced EPO was similar to endogenous human proteins and non-human glycan epitopes were not detected. Collectively, our results highlight the use of a human cellular expression system for the high titer and xenogeneic-free production of EPO and possibly other complex recombinant proteins.
Advances of AlGaN-based high-efficiency deep-UV LEDs (2010)

We demonstrated AlGaN-based multi-quantum-well (MQW) deep-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with wavelengths in the range of 222-351 nm, fabricated on low threading dislocation density (TDD) AlN template on sapphire. High internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 50-80% was observed from AlGaN or quaternary InAlGaN MQWs by fabricating them on low TDD AlN templates. Also, an electron injection efficiency (EIE) was markedly improved by using multi-quantum barrier (MQB). Over 20 mW cw output power was obtained for 256-275 nm LEDs, which will be useful for sterilization applications. The maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) were 1.8 and 2.75% for 247 and 270 nm AlGaN-LEDs, respectively.
Comparing Differential Tissue Harmonic Imaging With Tissue Harmonic and Fundamental Gray Scale Imaging of the Liver (2007)

Tissue harmonic imaging and DTHI do better than fundamental sonography for hepatic imaging, with DTHI being rated the best of the 3 techniques.
CALCIUM CARBONATE PRODUCTION BY COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE IN LONG TERM, CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION (2002)

Predictions of increasing levels of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and the specter of global warming have intensified research efforts to identify ways to sequester carbon. A number of novel avenues of research are being considered, including bioprocessing methods to promote and accelerate biosequestration of CO{sub 2} from the environment through the growth of organisms such as coccolithophorids, which are capable of sequestering CO{sub 2} relatively permanently. Calcium and magnesium carbonates are currently the only proven, long-term storage reservoirs for carbon. Whereas organic carbon is readily oxidized and releases CO{sub 2} through microbial decomposition on land and in the sea, carbonates can sequester carbon over geologic time scales. This proposal investigates the use of coccolithophorids--single-celled, marine algae that are the major global producers of calcium carbonate--to sequester CO{sub 2} emissions from power plants. Cultivation of coccolithophorids for calcium carbonate (CaCO{sub 3}) precipitation is environmentally benign and results in a stable product with potential commercial value. Because this method of carbon sequestration does not impact natural ecosystem dynamics, it avoids controversial issues of public acceptability and legality associated with other options such as direct injection of CO{sub 2} into the sea and ocean fertilization. Consequently, cultivation of coccolithophorids could be carried out immediately and the amount of carbon sequestered as CaCO{sub 3} could be readily quantified. The significant advantages of this approach warrant its serious investigation. The major goals of the proposed research are to identify the growth conditions that will result in the maximum amount of CO{sub 2} sequestration through coccolithophorid calcite production and to evaluate the costs/benefits of using coccolithophorid cultivation ponds to abate CO{sub 2} emissions from power plants.
Electronic band structure of zirconia and hafnia polymorphs from the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>W</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>perspective (2010)

The electronic structure of crystalline ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}$ and ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$ in the cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phase has been investigated using many-body perturbation theory in the $GW$ approach based on density-functional theory calculations in the local-density approximation (LDA). ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}$ and ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$ are found to have very similar quasiparticle band structures. Small differences between them are already well described at the LDA level indicating that the filled $f$ shell in ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$ has no significant effect on the $GW$ corrections. A comparison with direct and inverse photoemission data shows that the $GW$ density of states agrees very well with experiment. A systematic investigation into the structural and morphological dependence of the electronic structure reveals that the internal displacement of the oxygen atoms in the tetragonal phase has a significant effect on the band gap.
Revisiting sequential pattern hiding to enhance utility (2011)

Sequence datasets are encountered in a plethora of applications spanning from web usage analysis to healthcare studies and ubiquitous computing. Disseminating such datasets offers remarkable opportunities for discovering interesting knowledge patterns, but may lead to serious privacy violations if sensitive patterns, such as business secrets, are disclosed. In this work, we consider how to sanitize data to prevent the disclosure of sensitive patterns during sequential pattern mining, while ensuring that the nonsensitive patterns can still be discovered. First, we re-define the problem of sequential pattern hiding to capture the information loss incurred by sanitization in terms of both events' modification (distortion) and lost nonsensitive knowledge patterns (side-effects). Second, we model sequences as graphs and propose two algorithms to solve the problem by operating on the graphs. The first algorithm attempts to sanitize data with minimal distortion, whereas the second focuses on reducing the side-effects. Extensive experiments show that our algorithms outperform the existing solution in terms of data distortion and side-effects and are more efficient.
Novel Glassy Nematic Liquid Crystals for Non‐destructive Rewritable Optical Memory and Photonic Switching (2003)

Dithienylethene‐containing glassy nematic liquid crystals (see Figure) have been synthesized, in which the dithienylethene core’s electronic transition moment is uniaxially aligned. Large changes in refractive index and optical birefringence could be induced in the solid state by photochemical means. Applications in non‐destructive rewritable optical memory and high‐speed photonic switches are envisaged.
Patient Survival and Local Recurrence Rate Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostatic Carcinoma (1986)

From 1970 to 1980, 153 patients with stages A2, B1 and B2 prostatic cancer and proved negative pelvic lymph nodes underwent radical prostatectomy (84 underwent radical perineal and 69 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy). Seventeen patients were lost to followup. Of 136 patients who were followed for 5 years or until death 128 (94 per cent) were alive at 5 years, including 118 (87 per cent) who were without evidence of recurrence. Patients with microscopic invasion of the prostatic capsule have a better outcome at 5 years than those with microscopic involvement of the seminal vesicles. Only 46 of the patients could be assessed at 10 years or had died 6 to 10 years postoperatively. Results at 10 years are considered preliminary, since many more patients will reach the 10-year milestone within the next few years.
Evaluation of Portable X-ray Fluorescence for Gypsum Quantification in Soils (2009)

The use of field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry as a quantification tool for gypsum content in soils of West Texas and southern New Mexico, USA, was evaluated. Six sites were evaluated with gypsum contents ranging from less than 10% to greater than 90%. Samples collected from each site were scanned in the field using XRF and then transported to the laboratory for additional XRF scanning. Variables that might affect XRF scanning results, such as scanning time, particle size, moisture content, and so on, were evaluated. Both gypsum (CaSO4 • 2H2O) and calcite (CaCO3) were quantified using standard laboratory techniques. Three data sets were compared: (1) soil characterization data, obtained from the National Soil Survey Laboratory Research Database in Lincoln, NE; (2) quantitative X-ray diffraction; and (3) portable XRF (PXRF). The best correlation of gypsum XRF data (via Ca quantification minus calcite content) and laboratory data was between PXRF and quantitative X-ray diffraction (R = 0.96). On average, PXRF provided results within 6% of soil characterization data, the current laboratory standard for gypsum quantification. Field PXRF shows considerable promise as a rapid, quantifiable measure of gypsum in soils.
Verification of source and collimator configuration for Gamma Knife<sup>®</sup> Perfexion™ using panoramic imaging (2010)

A method of simultaneously capturing and analyzing the panoramic images of 192 cobalt sources has been developed to verify the source and collimator configuration of GK systems. The method was extended to verify the dose calculation model of the treatment planning system by comparing the measured doses on the panoramic film images and the corresponding calculated doses. The method presented can play a significant role in comprehensive commissioning and routine quality assurance testing of the Gamma Knife systems.
Scalable feature mining for sequential data (2000)

Many real world data sets contain irrelevant or redundant attributes. This might be because the data was collected without data mining in mind or without a priori knowledge of the attribute dependences. Many data mining methods such as classification and clustering degrade prediction accuracy when trained on data sets containing redundant or irrelevant attributes or features. Selecting the right feature set not only can improve accuracy but also can reduce the running time of the predictive algorithms and lead to simpler, more understandable models. Good feature selection is thus a fundamental data preprocessing step in data mining. To provide good feature selection for sequential domains, we developed FeatureMine, a scalable feature mining algorithm that combines two powerful data mining paradigms: sequence mining and classification algorithms. Tests on three practical domains demonstrate that FeatureMine can efficiently handle very large data sets with thousands of items and millions of records.
Recognizing Predatory Chat Documents using Semi-supervised Anomaly Detection (2016)

Chat-logs are informative documents available to nowadays social network providers. Providers and law enforcement tend to use these huge logs anonymously for automatic online Sexual Predator Identification (SPI) which is a relatively new area of application. The task plays an important role in protecting children and juveniles against being exploited by online predators. Pattern recognition techniques facilitate automatic identification of harmful conversations in cyber space by law enforcements. These techniques usually require a large volume of high-quality training instances of both predatory and non-predatory documents. However, collecting non-predatory documents is not practical in real-world applications, since this category contains a large variety of documents with many topics including politics, sports, science, technology and etc. We utilized a new semi-supervised approach to mitigate this problem by adapting an anomaly detection technique called One-class Support Vector Machine which does not require non-predatory samples for training. We compared the performance of this approach against other state-of-the-art methods which use both positive and negative instances. We observed that although anomaly detection approach utilizes only one class label for training (which is a very desirable property in practice); its performance is comparable to that of binary SVM classification. In addition, this approach outperforms the classic two-class Naïve Bayes algorithm, which we used as our baseline, in terms of both classification accuracy and precision.
Strip-loaded waveguide using an underlay (1987)

We describe how an ion-exchange waveguide was used as a strip-loading region for a planar polymer waveguide. The loading strip forms an underlay that is well preserved in the substrate. Some branching-channel waveguides were formed by this method, and wall losses were measured. The result shows that the wall losses decrease as a result of strip loading.
THE COUPLING OF VINCULIN TO THE CYTOSKELETON IS NOT ESSENTIAL FOR MECHANO‐CHEMICAL SIGNALING IN F9 CELLS (2002)

It is well established that mechanical forces can regulate cell growth and guide tissue remodeling, yet little is known about how mechanical signals act at the cell surface membrane to produce biochemical changes in the cell. To explore this question, I used a mouse embryonic F9 vinculin-deficient cell line (gamma229), which, unlike wild-type cells, shows no fibronectin-dependent cell spreading. The wild-type cell line exhibited a twofold increase in area over four hours. I observed (i) an earlier rise in intracellular free calcium from approximately 0.2 to approximately 3 microm in wild-type compared with gamma229 cells, thus similar calcium levels after 4 h; (ii) an initial higher ratio of p-MAP/MAP-Kinase for gamma229, but similar FA-Kinase activation; and (iii) a marginal change in intracellular pH [pH](i) in both F9 cell lines. When I applied controlled local stresses directly to integrin receptors using RGD-coated magnetic beads, they displaced to a lesser extent in wild-type than in gamma229 cells. Both F9 cell lines showed a small stress-dependent rise in [Ca2+]i levels and similar PKA-c activity. In summary, the mechanical linkage of integrin-vinculin-cytoskeleton seemed not to be essential for chemical signal transduction.
Dependence on NADH produced during glycolysis for beta-cell glucose signaling (1994)

An increase in cytosolic ATP following glucose metabolism by pancreatic beta-cells is the key signal initiating insulin secretion by causing blockade of ATP-dependent K+ channels (KATP). This induces membrane depolarization, leading to an elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and insulin secretion. In this report we identify the critical metabolic step by which glucose initiates changes in beta-cell KATP channel activity, membrane potential, and [Ca2+]i. The signal stems from the glycolytic production of NADH during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which is subsequently processed into ATP by mitochondria via the operation of discrete shuttle systems.