gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of fatty acid positional distribution and triacylglycerol composition on lipid by‐products formation during heat treatment: III—Cyclic fatty acid monomers study (1998)

Abstract The influence of isomeric triacylglycerols (TG) containing 18:3n‐3 and 18:2n‐6 on the formation of cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) after heat treatment was assessed. Diacid TG, containing linoleic acid (L) or linolenic acid (α‐Ln) along with palmitic acid (P), and positioned either in the central position (PLP and PLnP, respectively), or in one of the two outer positions (PPL and PPLn, respectively) were synthesized. Monoacid TG of trilinolein and trilinolenin mixed with tripalmitin were also prepared. The CFAM formed after heating were analyzed after total hydrogenation. The results obtained with the model TG were compared to another model consisting of a canola oil and its randomized counterpart. In diacid TG, the location of α‐Ln in the central position of the TG molecule (PLnP) greatly enhanced the formation of the CFAM upon heating at temperatures below 240°C. On the other hand, 18:3n‐3 in monoacid TG (LnLnLn) was highly resistant to CFAM formation within the same range of temperatures (180–220°C). The TG structure, more than the TG composition, seemed to explain the differences in the CFAM formation between the original canola oil and its interesterified counterpart. Like α‐Ln, 18:2n‐6 was more prone to cyclization when attached at the central position of the model TG. Conversely, the influence of the TG composition on the cyclization rate was less important for L than for α‐Ln. It was concluded that positioning the C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the central position of TG rendered the oils much more sensitive to the cyclization reaction upon heat treatment.
From Immature Lamin to Premature Aging: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities (2005)

Accelerated aging or progeria has been a puzzling disease for many years. The recent findings involving the lamin A/FACE-1 (substrate/protease) system in the etiology of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and related pathologies have shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the development of these devastating conditions. Thus, genetic defects in the nuclear envelope protein prelamin A or in the FACE-1 metalloprotease (also called Zmspte24) involved in prelamin A proteolytic maturation, cause the accumulation of an abnormal form of this protein and the subsequent disruption of nuclear envelope integrity. Recently, we and others have observed how this disruption leads to alterations in chromatin organization, genomic instability, transcriptional changes, and activation of a p53-linked signaling pathway. By using genetic manipulation approaches in mouse, we have shown that lowering prelamin A levels results in a total recovery of Zmpste24-deficient mice from the accelerated aging process. Moreover, p53 nullizygosity allows a modest but significant improvement in the premature aging phenotype, and contributes to delaying the onset of the progeroid condition. On the basis of these results, we propose different potential therapeutic approaches that could be tested in Zmpste24-deficient mice. These strategies, some of which are based on existing drugs, might contribute to the development of effective treatments for these dramatic pathologies.
Cardiovascular and metabolic response to adrenaline infusion in weight‐losing patients with and without cancer (1989)

Fasting is generally accompanied by a decrease in energy metabolism and hormones. On the other hand, indirect evidence has suggested that the response to adrenergic agonists may be maintained or even increased in malnutrition. The present study evaluated whether weight-losing patients with and without cancer have increased plasma concentrations of catecholamines and different responses to intravenously infused adrenaline compared to weight-stable individuals. Eight malnourished cancer and 10 non-cancer patients (11% weight loss) were compared to seven well-nourished and weight-stable patients. Adrenaline was infused i.v. at a rate of 0.005 microgram min-1 kg-1 body weight during 40 min followed by a 40 min rest period (without infusion) and then a final 40 min period with i.v. adrenaline infusion (0.02 microgram min-1 kg-1 body weight). Plasma glycerol concentration at fast was higher in weight-losing patients compared to weight-stable individuals. Whole body oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate and plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) increased while the mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in response to adrenaline infusion at 0.02 microgram kg-1 min-1 in both weight-losing and weight-stable patients. Adrenaline at 0.005 microgram kg-1 min-1 increased plasma FFA levels by 19% (P less than 0.05) in weight-losing patients while no significant alteration was observed in well-nourished patients. Adrenaline infusion at 0.02 microgram kg-1 min-1 decreased the mean arterial blood pressure and stimulated respiratory gas exchange and heart rate significantly more in weight-losing than in weight-stable patients. The slopes for oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, plasma FFA and plasma glycerol vs. plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were all significantly steeper (P less than 0.05-0.01) in malnourished patients than in well-nourished controls. The present study suggests an increased sensitivity to adrenaline in weight-losing patients compared to matched controls with normal nutritional state and stable weight.
31P-NMR Analysis of Synaptic Vesicles. Status of ATP and Internal pH (1982)

The status of ATP in cholinergic synaptic vesicles from electric organ of Torpedo marmorata has been studied by 31P-NMR. In isolated vesicles, ATP was found to be the only major phosphate-containing constituent. The chemical shifts and the linewidths of the P gamma and P beta resonances are different from those of uncompartmented ATP added to the suspension. The spectrum of intact electric tissue contains two sets of ATP resonances; one of them belongs to vesicular ATP as identified by its linewidths and chemical shifts. Both spectral characteristics of vesicular ATP, linewidths and chemical shifts, could be explained by an exchange mechanism, which also occurs in model solutions containing acetylcholine, ATP and Mg2+ at a pH around 5.5. We therefore conclude that the cholinergic synaptic vesicles store ATP together with acetylcholine and Mg2+ essentially in free solution at an acidic pH. Since the chemical shift of the P gamma resonance of ATP is largely determined by factors other than pH, the concept of its use as an indicator for the internal pH has to be modified in the case of these organelles.
Characterization of proteins by capillary electrophoresis in fused‐silica columns: Review on serum protein analysis and application to immunoassays (1994)

Protein mixtures can be characterized in terms of their separations by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The separation of proteins by CE is performed in untreated fused-silica columns. Model proteins and complex protein mixtures with pI values ranging from 4.0 to 11.0 are separated in such columns in less than 10 min in the presence of phosphate buffer with a pH between 4.0 and 9.0. The application of CE separation procedures for routine analysis of protein in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid in borate-based buffer is also demonstrated. The detection of protein in CE is usually based on the intrinsic ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of the peptide bond at or near 200 nm, which provides a detection limit of about 10(-5) M. The same protein separation procedures can also be applied to immunochemical reaction systems in which one component is labeled. Thus, an antigen analyte, or the antibody to the analyte, may be labeled with a fluor and detected by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). With a fluorescent-labeled reactant, the use of LIF detection further extends the detection limit to 10(-11) M. The CE separation technique for proteins provides a means to separate the bound and free species of the labeled antigen or antibody without the use of a solid support. The application of these separation techniques in conjunction with laser-induced fluorescence detection to make possible the homogeneous immunochemical measurement of species at concentrations in the range of 10(-9) to 10(-10) M is shown.
High-Power Operation of Index-Guided Visible GaAs/GaAlAs Multiquantum-Well Lasers (1984)

Stable transverse mode operation has been realized for the first time in visible (780 nm) multiquantum well lasers composed of seven 3‐nm‐thick GaAs wells separated by six 5‐nm‐thick Ga0.8Al0.2As barriers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A self‐aligned structure with a built‐in optical waveguide to stabilize the transverse mode is fabricated by a two‐step epitaxial technique. Low threshold current (35 mA), high output power (up to 40 mW) in the fundamental transverse mode, and a very low degradation rate at 70 °C have been confirmed.
Discovering Geographic Knowledge in Data Rich Environments, Final Report (1999)

The goal of this NCGIA-Varenius workshop and research initiative was to find new automated methods for filtering large amounts of raw geographic data into more user-consumable forms of knowledge. This includes: i) spatial data mining; ii) content-based and knowledge-based retrieval; iii) development of multi-media spatial data types; iv) on-line analytic processing; v) refinement of non-parametric statistics; vi) incorporation of computational intelligence techniques (such as neural networks and AI expert systems) into spatial data analysis. A key objective of the "geographic knowledge discovery" (GKD) workshop was to bring together the diverse stakeholders in GKD and spatial data mining. This report provides an overview of the workshop, lists the workshop participants, and provides the position papers submitted in response to the open Call for Participation. The final section summarizes workshop presentations and discussion.
Ultrasonic viscoelastic tissue measurements (2009)

Characterization of tissue mechanical properties, particularly the elasticity or tactile stiffness o…
Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets (2011)

Peptoids are a novel class of biomimetic, non-natural, sequence-specific heteropolymers that resist proteolysis, exhibit potent biological activity, and fold into higher order nanostructures. Structurally similar to peptides, peptoids are poly N-substituted glycines, where the side chains are attached to the nitrogen rather than the alpha-carbon. Their ease of synthesis and structural diversity allows testing of basic design principles to drive de novo design and engineering of new biologically-active and nanostructured materials. Here, a simple manual peptoid synthesis protocol is presented that allows the synthesis of long chain polypeptoids (up to 50mers) in excellent yields. Only basic equipment, simple techniques (e.g. liquid transfer, filtration), and commercially available reagents are required, making peptoids an accessible addition to many researchers' toolkits. The peptoid backbone is grown one monomer at a time via the submonomer method which consists of a two-step monomer addition cycle: acylation and displacement. First, bromoacetic acid activated in situ with N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide acylates a resin-bound secondary amine. Second, nucleophilic displacement of the bromide by a primary amine follows to introduce the side chain. The two-step cycle is iterated until the desired chain length is reached. The coupling efficiency of this two-step cycle routinely exceeds 98% and enables the synthesis of peptoids as long as 50 residues. Highly tunable, precise and chemically diverse sequences are achievable with the submonomer method as hundreds of readily available primary amines can be directly incorporated. Peptoids are emerging as a versatile biomimetic material for nanobioscience research because of their synthetic flexibility, robustness, and ordering at the atomic level. The folding of a single-chain, amphiphilic, information-rich polypeptoid into a highly-ordered nanosheet was recently demonstrated. This peptoid is a 36-mer that consists of only three different commercially available monomers: hydrophobic, cationic and anionic. The hydrophobic phenylethyl side chains are buried in the nanosheet core whereas the ionic amine and carboxyl side chains align on the hydrophilic faces. The peptoid nanosheets serve as a potential platform for membrane mimetics, protein mimetics, device fabrication, and sensors. Methods for peptoid synthesis, sheet formation, and microscopy imaging are described and provide a simple method to enable future peptoid nanosheet designs.
ERS-ENVISAT permanent scatterers interferometry (2004)

The permanent scatterers (PS) technique (Ferretti et al, 2001, 2000, Colesanti et al., 2003), is a powerful and fully operational tool for monitoring ground deformations on a high spatial density grid of point-wise targets, exploiting long series of SAR data. The most attractive aspects of this approach is the capability of providing measurements relative to individual radar targets with unprecedented precision. Up to now, PS analyses have been carried out on ERS, RADARSAT, and JERS data sets. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the feasibility of updating results obtained by means of a PS analysis on ERS interferometric data using ENVISAT ASAR images. In particular, the main goal is to stitch coherently the new ENVISAT ASAR measurements to the already available ERS displacement time series relative to individual PS. To this end, we will model the interferometric phase of point-wise targets taking account the different ERS and ENVISAT carrier frequencies. Then, we identify the main constraints to be met at individual permanent scatterers in order to guarantee the feasibility of coherent stitching.
Free to Touch: A Portable Tactile Display For 3D Surface Texture Exploration (2006)

The development of successful tactile displays can be assisted by the capacity to assess their performance in integrated virtual reality applications. The design of single tactor or desktop tactile displays has been useful for scientific analysis of the mechanisms of touch. Nevertheless, it does not provide useful information about the quality of immersion in VR environments integrated with tactile feedback where user mobility and comfort are paramount. The present work introduces a new wireless portable tactile display for the finger. This new device demonstrates excellent levels of force output combined with good bandwidth in a configuration of a wearable 4times4 array of vertically moving tactors. The focus of this design is small size, comfort, mobility and ultimately integration into a complete Virtual Reality system for tactile surface texture exploration with 6DOF in the finger's work envelope
High-Performance 1.55-$\mu$m Superluminescent Diode With Butt-Coupled Spot-Size Converter (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report the design and fabrication of a novel 1.55-<emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$ \mu$</tex></formula></emphasis>m spot-size converter superluminescent diode (SLD) for optical access networks. The active section of SLD was fabricated by using a planar buried heterostructure to adopt the double- waveguide- core structure for low-threshold and high-output power operation at a low injection current. A ridge-based passive waveguide was employed for an efficient coupling to a planar lightwave circuit. The threshold current was as low as 14 mA, and the maximum output power was as high as 28 mW with ripple less than 3 dB at an injection current of 200 mA. </para>
Development of a Double-Crossover Markerless Gene Deletion System in Bifidobacterium longum: Functional Analysis of the α-Galactosidase Gene for Raffinose Assimilation (2012)

Functional analysis of Bifidobacterium genes is essential for understanding host-Bifidobacterium interactions with beneficial effects on human health; however, the lack of an effective targeted gene inactivation system in bifidobacteria has prevented the development of functional genomics in this bacterium. Here, we report the development of a markerless gene deletion system involving a double crossover in Bifidobacterium longum. Incompatible plasmid vectors were used to facilitate a second crossover step. The conditional replication vector pBS423-ΔrepA, which lacks the plasmid replication gene repA, was integrated into the target gene by a first crossover event. Subsequently, the replicative plasmid pTBR101-CM, which harbors repA, was introduced into this integrant to facilitate the second crossover step and subsequent elimination of the excised conditional replication vector from the cells by plasmid incompatibility. The proposed system was confirmed to work as expected in B. longum 105-A using the chromosomal full-length β-galactosidase gene as a target. Markerless gene deletion was tested using the aga gene, which encodes α-galactosidase, whose substrates include raffinose. Almost all the pTBR101-CM-transformed strains became double-crossover recombinants after subculture, and 4 out of the 270 double-crossover recombinants had lost the ability to assimilate raffinose. Genotype analysis of these strains revealed markerless gene deletion of aga. Carbohydrate assimilation analysis and α-galactosidase activity measurement were conducted using both the representative mutant and a plasmid-based aga-complemented strain. These functional analyses revealed that aga is the only gene encoding a functional α-galactosidase enzyme in B. longum 105-A.
Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease: The Inflammasome, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6 and Beyond (2021)

Recent clinical trials have now firmly established that inflammation participates causally in human atherosclerosis. These observations point the way toward novel treatments that add to established therapies to help stem the growing global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Fortunately, we now have a number of actionable targets whose clinical exploration will help achieve the goal of optimizing beneficial effects while avoiding undue interference with host defenses or other unwanted actions. This review aims to furnish the foundation for this quest by critical evaluation of the current state of anti-inflammatory interventions within close reach of clinical application, with a primary focus on innate immunity. In particular, this paper highlights the pathway from the inflammasome, through interleukin (IL)-1 to IL-6 supported by a promising body of pre-clinical, clinical, and human genetic data. This paper also considers the use of biomarkers to guide allocation of anti-inflammatory therapies as a step toward realizing the promise of precision medicine. The validation of decades of experimental work and association studies in humans by recent clinical investigations provides a strong impetus for further efforts to target inflammation in atherosclerosis to address the considerable risk that remains despite current therapies.
Serum Ferritin Is a Risk Factor for Stroke in Postmenopausal Women (2005)

Neither serum iron nor transferrin saturation was associated with an increased stroke risk. However, higher serum ferritin concentrations in postmenopausal women are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.
P53‐specific T cell responses in patients with malignant and benign ovarian tumors: Implications for p53 based immunotherapy (2007)

Despite intensive treatment, 70% of the ovarian cancer patients will develop recurrent disease, emphasizing the need for new approaches such as immunotherapy. A promising antigenic target for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer is the frequently overexpressed p53 protein. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the baseline anti-p53 immune response in ovarian cancer patients. P53-specific T cell responses were detected in both half of the ovarian cancer patients as in the group of control subjects, consisting of women with benign ovarian tumors and healthy controls. Importantly, while in the control group p53-specific immunity was detected among the CD45RA(+) naïve subset of T cells only, the p53-specific T-cell responses in ovarian cancer patients were also present in the CD45RO(+) memory T-cell subset, suggesting that in the cancer patients sufficient amounts of cancer-derived p53 was presented to induce the formation of a p53-specific memory T-cell response. Further characterization of the p53-specific memory T-cell responses revealed that in addition to the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma also the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, as well as the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 were produced. Notably, p53-specific T cells were not only detected in the peripheral blood, but also among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and in tumor-draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, the existence of a weak mixed T-helper type 1 and 2 p53-specific T-cell repertoire supports the rationale of using p53 long peptides in vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of p53-specific Th1/CTL immunity.
A New Intelligent Method for Power Load Forecasting (2006)

Various factors that influence power load are more and more intricate. The traditional load forecasting methods can no longer adapt to the situation. Self-organizing method is a comparably new modeling method and so as to be easily used in the recognition and prediction of complex non-linear systems. Compared with traditional forecasting methods, it is of higher prediction accuracy. But common self-organizing methods don't realize the self-organizing function really and cannot show the advantages of self-organizing polynomial. Therefore, combing the artificial neural network with group method of data handling, a simply-improved self-organizing polynomial algorithm which is able to realize the real self-organizing function that is of intelligent characters, is put forward. At last, this kind of self-organizing polynomial algorithm is applied to predict the electric power load in order to prove the validity of this intelligent method as well as that of the improved load forecasting model
Safety Analysis: Relative Risks of Ultraviolet Exposure from Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Colposcopy Are Comparable* (1997)

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a promising tool for use in the diagnosis of disease in human tissue. However, few published reports have evaluated the safety of this technique, despite the fact that many spectroscopic systems use UV illumination. This study determined the relative risk associated with light exposure from spectroscopic systems compared with the traditional light sources that are used to illuminate tissue and direct biopsies. We compared spectroscopic detection systems for the cervix to the colposcope, a low-power microscope routinely used to illuminate the cervix, which does not cause any known photochemical damage. We measured the average spectral irradiance (W/[cm2nm]) and the average tissue exposure time during a diagnostic colposcopy examination. To quantify the relative risks, we multiplied illumination spectra by several action spectra from the literature and compared the areas under the curves corresponding to each procedure. The risk associated with the average power colposcope served as our basis for comparison. We conclude that the risks of illumination using spectroscopic systems are lower than or comparable to those already encountered in routine diagnostic procedures such as colposcopy with an average power colposcope. Spectroscopic examination can be associated with a somewhat higher risk than a colposcopy with the lowest power colposcope or a shorter than average colposcopy. The analysis presented can be repeated to estimate the magnitude of risks associated with other spectroscopic diagnostic devices.