gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE CRAB CHARYBDIS AFFINIS (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, PORTUNIDAE) FROM THE ZHUJIANG ESTUARY, CHINA (1999)

Abstract Morphometric characters and organ indices were analyzed in Charybdis affinis collected at different seasons from the Zhujiang estuary, China. The crab is heterochelous, with pronounced right handedness in both sexes. There is a marked sexual difference in relative growth of the cheliped. The female abdomen increases in size at puberty, which is also accompanied by a reduced allometric growth rate. Analysis of gonad development gave the estimate of 50% gonadal maturity at 42 and 36 mm carapace width for females and males, respectively. The hepatosomatic index of female crabs is inversely related to the gonadosomatic index indicating the role of the hepatopancreas in storage of nutrients necessary for ovarian development in the reproductive season. Les caracteres morphologiques et les indices relatifs aux organes ont ete analyses chez Charybdis affinis, recolte a differentes saisons dans l'estuaire du Zhujiang, Chine. Le crabe presente une heterochelie, la pince droite etant tres developpee dans les deux sexes. Il existe une difference sexuelle marquee dans la croissance relative du chelipede. L'abdomen femelle s'accroot en taille a la puberte, ce qui s'accompagne aussi d'un taux de croissance allometrique reduit. L'analyse du developpement des gonades a donne une maturite estimee a 50% pour des femelles et males, respectivement, ayant une largeur de la carapace de 42 et 36 mm. L'indice hepatosomatique des crabes femelles est inversement proportionnel a l'indice gonadosomatique ce qui indique le role de l'hepatopancreas dans le stockage des nutriments necessaire au developpement ovarien lors de la reproduction.
Influence of Ionic Strength, pH, and Chelation of Divalent Metals on Isolation of Polyribosomes from Tobacco Leaves (1976)

A procedure was developed for extracting polysomes from tobacco (Nicotiana sp) leaves. Unexpanded leaves ground in a medium consisting of 200 mm tris-HCl, pH 9, 400 mm KCl, 200 mm sucrose, and 35 mm MgCl(2) yielded larger amounts of polysomes with less degradation than polysomes from leaves extracted with buffers of lower ionic strength or pH. Extraction of polysomes from expanded leaves required the inclusion of ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)tetraacetic acid (EGTA, a divalent cation chelator with a high affinity for Ca(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)). EGTA also improved isolation of polysomes from unexpanded leaves. Addition of 25 mm Ca(2+), Cu(2+), or Zn(2+) to extracts from young leaves precipitated polysomes, and density gradient profiles of polysome preparations from the cation treatments mimicked profiles from expanded leaves which were extracted without EGTA. Polysome precipitation by Ca(2+) was prevented by EGTA. Endogenous Ca(2+) was present in unexpanded leaves in sufficient concentrations (25 mm) to cause some precipitation of polysomes during extraction, and this cation increased by 60% in expanded leaves. Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) were not present in amounts sufficient to cause polysome precipitation. The results show that recovery of polyribosomes may be reduced by divalent cations in leaf tissue, and this can be overcome by chelation of these ions with EGTA.
Learning Hierarchical Structures with Linear Relational Embedding (2001)

We present Linear Relational Embedding (LRE), a new method of learning a distributed representation of concepts from data consisting of instances of relations between given concepts. Its final goal is to be able to generalize, i.e. infer new instances of these relations among the concepts. On a task involving family relationships we show that LRE can generalize better than any previously published method. We then show how LRE can be used effectively to find compact distributed representations for variable-sized recursive data structures, such as trees and lists. 1 Linear Relational Embedding Our aim is to take a large set of facts about a domain expressed as tuples of arbitrary symbols in a simple and rigid syntactic format and to be able to infer other “common-sense” facts without having any prior knowledge about the domain. Let us imagine a situation in which we have a set of concepts and a set of relations among these concepts, and that our data consists of few instances of these relations that hold among the concepts. We want
Computer Networks E-learning Based on Interactive Simulations and SCORM (2011)

This paper introduces a new set of compact interactive simulations developed for the constructive learning of computer networks concepts. These simulations, which compose a virtual laboratory implemented as portable Java applets, have been created by combining EJS (Easy Java Simulations) with the KivaNS API. Furthermore, in this work, the skills and motivation level acquired by the students are evaluated and measured when these simulations are combined with Moodle and SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) documents. This study has been developed to improve and stimulate the autonomous constructive learning in addition to provide timetable flexibility for a Computer Networks subject.
Preliminary study of a superconducting bulk magnet for the Maglev train (1999)

One of the prospective applications of high critical temperature superconductors is a superconducting magnet for the magnetically levitated (Maglev) train. Development shows that RE (rare earth) BaCuO and LRE (light rare-earth) BaCuO superconductors prepared by melt processes have a high critical current density at 77 K and high magnetic fields. LRE-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors melt-processed in a reduced oxygen atmosphere, named oxygen-controlled-melt-growth (OCMG) process, are very promising for high field application as a superconducting permanent magnet with liquid nitrogen refrigeration. Compared to good quality melt-grown REBaCuO bulks, LREBaCuO bulks exhibit larger critical current densities in high magnetic fields and much improved irreversibility field at 77 K, implying that more effective flux pinning can be realized in a commercially feasible way. In this study, we discuss the possibility of a superconducting bulk magnet for a Maglev train. A preliminary design of the bulk magnet and also melt processing for REBaCuO and LREBaCuO bulk superconductors and their characteristic superconducting properties are presented.
Research of traveling-wave differential bus protection based on wavelet transform (2004)

The paper studies a novel bus protection based on transient current traveling-waves for avoiding the adverse effect of current transform (CT) transient saturation. First. the paper presents the differential traveling-wave (DTW) for each phase of circuits connected to the protected bus. The DTW fault features are analyzed. Then, in order to distinguish more sensitively between faults internal and external to the bus, a restraint traveling-wave is introduced into the DTW. Thus the paper proposes the bus protection of differential traveling-waves with a restraint characteristic, and advances a practical protection algorithm using the wavelet transform. Theoretical analysis and EMTP simulation tests show that the bus protection operates rapidly, sensitively and reliably, and that its performance can endure the influences of various fault path resistances, fault inception angles, fault locations and fault types.
Poly(trehalose): Sugar-Coated Nanocomplexes Promote Stabilization and Effective Polyplex-Mediated siRNA Delivery (2013)

When nanoparticles interact with their environment, the nature of that interaction is governed largely by the properties of its outermost surface layer. Here, we exploit the exceptional properties of a common disaccharide, trehalose, which is well-known for its unique biological stabilization effects. To this end, we have developed a synthetic procedure that readily affords a polymer of this disaccharide, poly(methacrylamidotrehalose) or "poly(trehalose)" and diblock copolycations containing this polymer with 51 repeat units chain extended with aminoethylmethacrylamide (AEMA) at three degrees of polymerization (n = 34, 65, and 84). Two series of experiments were conducted to study these diblock copolymers in detail and to compare their properties to two control polymers [PEG-P(AEMA) and P(AEMA)]. First, we demonstrate that the poly(trehalose) coating ensures colloidal stability of polyplexes containing siRNA in the presence of high salt concentrations and serum proteins. Poly(trehalose) retains the ability of trehalose to lower the phase transition energy associated with water freezing and can protect siRNA polyplexes during freeze-drying, allowing complete nanoparticle resuspension without loss of biological function. Second, we show that siRNA polyplexes coated with poly(trehalose) have exceptional cellular internalization into glioblastoma cells that proceeds with zero-order kinetics. Moreover, the amount of siRNA delivered by poly(trehalose) block copolycations can be controlled by the siRNA concentration in cell culture media. Using confocal microscopy we show that trehalose-coated polyplexes undergo active trafficking in cytoplasm upon internalization and significant siRNA-induced target gene down-regulation was achieved with an IC50 of 19 nM. These findings coupled with a negligible cytotoxicity suggests that poly(trehalose) has the potential to serve as an important component of therapeutic nanoparticle formulations of nucleic acids and has great promise to be extended as a new coating for other nanobased technologies and macromolecules, in particular, those related to nanomedicine applications.
Clinical Implications of Physiologic Flow Adjustment in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (2016)

There is increasing evidence for successful management of end-stage heart failure with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) technology. However, passive flow adjustment at fixed CF-LVAD speed is susceptible to flow balancing issues as well as adverse hemodynamic effects relating to the diminished arterial pulse pressure and flow. With current therapy, flow cannot be adjusted with changes in venous return, which can vary significantly with volume status. This limits the performance and safety of CF-LVAD. Active flow adjustment strategies have been proposed to improve the synchrony between the pump and the native cardiovascular system, mimicking the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart. These flow adjustment strategies include modulation by CF-LVAD pump speed by synchrony and maintenance of constant flow or constant pressure head, or a combination of these variables. However, none of these adjustment strategies have evolved sufficiently to gain widespread attention. Herein we review the current challenges and future directions of CF-LVAD therapy and sensor technology focusing on the development of a physiologic, long-term active flow adjustment strategy for CF-LVADs.
Ohmic Contact to<i>p</i>-GaN Using a Strained InGaN Contact Layer and Its Thermal Stability (2003)

We have formed ohmic contacts to p-GaN using a strained p-InGaN contact layer, and achieved the lowest contact resistance of 1.1×10-6 Ω-cm2 at room temperature by optimizing the contact layer thickness and its In mole fraction. We have also evaluated thermal stability of ohmic contacts to p-GaN using the strained p-InGaN contact layer. The contact resistance decreased to 2×10-7 Ω-cm2 at 100°C, and increased with elevating temperature above 100°C. In the temperature range up to 400°C, the contact resistances of the samples with the p-InGaN contact layer were smaller than those of the samples without the contact layer. Furthermore, the ohmic characteristics of the strained p-InGaN contact layer were less degraded even after the thermal process, compared with those of the sample without a contact layer. These results indicate that the strained p-InGaN contact layer is favorable for practical application.
Position, rotation, and scale invariant optical correlation (1976)

A new optical transformation that combines geometrical coordinate transformations with the conventional optical Fourier transform is described. The resultant transformations are invariant to both scale and rotational changes in the input object or function. Extensions of these operations to optical pattern recognition and initial experimental demonstrations are also presented.
An algorithm of image mosaic based on binary tree and eliminating distortion error (2019)

The traditional image mosaic result based on SIFT feature points extraction, to some extent, has distortion errors: the larger the input image set, the greater the spliced panoramic distortion. To achieve the goal of creating a high-quality panorama, a new and improved algorithm based on the A-KAZE feature is proposed in this paper. This includes changing the way reference image are selected and putting forward a method for selecting a reference image based on the binary tree model, which takes the input image set as the leaf node set of a binary tree and uses the bottom-up approach to construct a complete binary tree. The root node image of the binary tree is the ultimate panorama obtained by stitching. Compared with the traditional way, the novel method improves the accuracy of feature points detection and enhances the stitching quality of the panorama. Additionally, the improved method proposes an automatic image straightening model to rectify the panorama, which further improves the panoramic distortion. The experimental results show that the proposed method cannot only enhance the efficiency of image stitching processing, but also reduce the panoramic distortion errors and obtain a better quality panoramic result.
An Electrochemical Microfluidic Platform for Human P450 Drug Metabolism Profiling (2010)

This paper is the first report of a P450-electrode in a microfluidic format. A 30 μL microfluidic cell was made in poly(methyl methacrylate) containing the inlet, outlet, and reaction chamber with two electrode strips, one of which contains the human cytochrome P450 3A4 covalently bound to gold via a 6-hexanethiol and 7-mercaptoheptanoic acid (1:1) self-assembled monolayer. The electrochemical response of the P450-electrode in the microfluidic cell was tested using four drugs that are known substrates of P450 3A4: quinidine, nifedipine, alosetron and ondansetron. Titration experiments allowed the electrochemical measurements of K(M) for the four drugs, with values of 2.9, 29.1, 113.4, and 114.1 mM, respectively. The K(M) values are found to be in good agreement and correctly ranked with respect to the published literature on human liver microsomes and baculosomes: [ondansetron ≈ alosetron > nifedipine > quinidine]. The results presented in this paper represent a step forward for a rapid evaluation of the interaction of P450 and drug, requiring small volumes of new chemical entities to be tested.
Table-based polynomials for fast hardware function evaluation (2006)

Many general table-based methods for the evaluation in hardware of elementary functions have been published. The bipartite and multipartite methods implement a first-order approximation of the function using only table lookups and additions. Recently, a single multiplier second order method of similar inspiration has also been published. This paper extends such methods to approximations of arbitrary order, using adders, small multipliers, and very small ad hoc powering units. We obtain implementations that are both smaller and faster than previously published approaches. This paper also deals with the FPGA implementation of such methods. Previous work have consistently shown that increasing the approximation degree lead to not only smaller but also faster designs, as the reduction of the table size meant a reduction of its lookup time, which compensated for the addition and multiplication time. The experiments in this paper suggest that this still holds when going from order 2 to order 3, but no longer when using higher order approximations, where a tradeoff appears.
Mechanics of Secondary Hydrocarbon Migration and Entrapment (1979)

The mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment are well-understood physical processes that can be dealt with quantitatively in hydrocarbon exploration. The main driving force for secondary migration of hydrocarbons is buoyancy. If the densities of the hydrocarbon phase and the water phase are known, then the magnitude of the buoyant force can be determined for any hydrocarbon column in the subsurface. Hydrocarbon and water densities vary significantly. Subsurface oil densities range from 0.5 to 1.0 g/cc; subsurface water densities range from 1.0 to 1.2 g/cc. When a hydrodynamic condition exists in the subsurface, the buoyant force of any hydrocarbon column will be different from that in the hydrostatic case. This effect can be quantified if the potentiome ric gradient and dip of the formation are known. The main resistant force to secondary hydrocarbon migration is capillary pressure. The factors determining the magnitude of the resistant force are the radius of the pore throats of the rock, hydrocarbon-water interfacial tension, and wettability. For cylindrical pores, the resistant force can be quantified by the simple relation: Pd = (2^ggr cos ^THgr)/R, where Pd is the hydrocarbon-water displacement pressure or the resistant force, ^ggr is interfacial tension, cos ^THgr is the wettability term, and R is radius of the largest connected pore throats. Radius of the largest connected pore throats can be measured indirectly by mercury capillary techniques using cores or drill cuttings. Subsurface hydrocarbon-water interfacial tensions range from 5 to 35 dynes/cm for oil-water systems an from 70 to 30 dynes/cm for gas-water systems. Migrating hydrocarbon slugs are thought to encounter water-wet rocks. The contact angle of hydrocarbon and water against the solid rock surface as measured through the water phase, ^THgr, is thus assumed to be 0°, and the wettability term, cos ^THgr, is assumed to be 1. A thorough understanding of these principles can aid both qualitatively and quantitatively in the exploration and development of petroleum reserves.
A Weighted-Graph Optimization Approach for Automatic Location of Forest Road Networks (2008)

A Weighted-Graph Optimization Approach for Automatic Location of Forest Road Networks - In a large majority of regions where forestry activities occur, roads are the backbone of their efficient management.
The generic inequivalence of drugs (1968)

Generic equivalence of drugs is a semantically muddled concept. To be meaningful, the criteria for equivalence must be stated. In this simple study, two different formulations of tolbutamide, both generically equivalent in terms of chemical content and specifications of the<i>United States Pharmacopoeia</i>, were found to be clearly not equivalent as measured by availability of drug to the patient (serum drug levels) or therapeutic efficacy (hypoglycemic response). Clarity in pronouncements on this subject should be established so that confusion in terminology and meaning does not lead to "generic inequivalence" of therapeutic response.
β-Arrestin-mediated Signaling Regulates Protein Synthesis (2008)

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) exert strong regulatory influences on virtually all physiological processes. Although it is historically assumed that heterotrimeric G proteins mediate these actions, there is a newer appreciation that beta-arrestins, originally thought only to desensitize G protein signaling, also serve as independent receptor signal transducers. Recently, we found that activation of ERK1/2 by the angiotensin receptor occurs via both of these distinct pathways. In this work, we explore the physiological consequences of beta-arrestin ERK1/2 signaling and delineate a pathway that regulates mRNA translation and protein synthesis via Mnk1, a protein that both physically interacts with and is activated by beta-arrestins. We show that beta-arrestin-dependent activation of ERK1/2, Mnk1, and eIF4E are responsible for increasing translation rates in both human embryonic kidney 293 and rat vascular smooth muscle cells. This novel demonstration that beta-arrestins regulate protein synthesis reveals that the spectrum of beta-arrestin-mediated signaling events is broader than previously imagined.
Phase stability of a garnet-type lithium ion conductor Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (2013)

The phase stability of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) was investigated using high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). An Al-free tetragonal LLZ phase transformed into a non-quenchable cubic phase around 650 °C. The phase transformation process between the tetragonal phase and the new cubic phase showed perfect reversibility. The thermal analysis showed a pair of endothermic and exothermic peaks around 640 °C that is in good agreement with the phase transformation process observed in the HT-XRD study. The non-quenchable high temperature cubic phase showed high ionic conductivity with extraordinarily low activation energy (0.117 eV). The tetragonal phase showed another phase transformation to a low temperature (LT) cubic phase around 150-200 °C in air by absorbing CO2 into the structure. The preferred temperature for the CO2 absorption process was around 200 °C and the absorbed CO2 was extracted once the temperature reached 450 °C or above resulting in the phase transformation back to the tetragonal phase. On the other hand the high temperature (HT) cubic phase which shows high ionic conductivity was stabilized by Al substitution. A Li-poor LLZ containing impurity phases such as La2Zr2O7 and La2O3 effectively reacted with γ-Al2O3 resulting in the formation of a pure Al-stabilized cubic LLZ, while the stoichiometric LLZ took a much longer time to complete the Al-substitution. The result suggested that the formation of Li vacancies is the primary step in the formation of the Al-stabilized cubic phase.
Expression of SERCA2a is not regulated by calcineurin or upon mechanical unloading in skeletal muscle regeneration (2005)

This study investigates to what extent the expression of the slow myosin heavy chain (MyHCI) isoform and the slow type sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) isoform are co-regulated in fibers of regenerating skeletal soleus muscle. Both overexpression of cain, a calcineurin inhibitor, or partial tenotomy prevented the expression of MyHCI but left SERCA2a expression unaffected in fibers of regenerating soleus muscles. These data complement those from different experimental models and clearly show that the expression of MyHCI and SERCA2a--the major proteins mediating, respectively, the slow type of contraction and relaxation--are not coregulated in regenerating soleus muscle.
Suppression of boron penetration for p/sup +/ stacked poly-Si gates by using inductively coupled N<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment (1999)

Nitridation of stacked poly-Si gates by inductively coupled N/sub 2/ plasma (ICNP) treatment has been shown to suppress boron penetration and improve gate oxide integrity. The ICNP treatments on the stacked poly-Si layers create nitrogen-rich layers not only between the stacked poly-Si layers but also in the gate oxide after post implant anneal, thus resulting in effective retardation of boron diffusion. In addition, positioning of ICNP treatment closer to gate oxides leads to higher nitrogen peaks in the gate oxide region, resulting in further suppression of boron penetration and improvement of gate oxide reliability.