gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidrug Resistance and Cancer: The Role of the Human ABC Transporter ABCG2 (2002)

A variety of human cancers become resistant or are intrinsically resistant to treatment with conventional chemotherapy, a phenomenon called multidrug resistance. This broad-based resistance results in large part, but not solely, from overexpression of members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters, including P-glycoprotein, various members of the multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRPs), and ABCG2, also known as MXR1, BCRP, and ABCP. When overexpressed in cell lines, ABCG2 has the ability to confer high levels of resistance to anthracyclines, mitoxantrone, bisantrene, and the camptothecins topotecan and SN-38. This review focuses on the discovery, the biochemistry and the normal physiology of human ABCG2, a novel ABC half transporter expressed abundantly in placenta, as well as in liver, intestine and stem cells. ABCG2 may serve a protective function by preventing toxins from entering cells as well as potentially playing a role in regulating stem cell differentiation. We also discuss the involvement of ABCG2 in multidrug resistance in cancer, especially with regard to acute myeloid leukemia. The mechanism by which substrates are recognized by ABCG2 and how the energy of ATP hydrolysis is transduced into transport remain elusive. A complete understanding of the mechanism and biological function of ABCG2 will be important for understanding its normal physiology as well as potentially for the development of novel chemotherapeutic treatment strategies.
The expression of Müllerian inhibiting substance/anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor in myoma and adenomyosis (2018)

This study demonstrated that MIS/AMHRII was highly and strongly expressed on uterine myoma and adenomyosis. Our data suggest that MIS/AMH may be evaluated as a biological modulator or therapeutic agent on MIS/AMHRII expressing uterine myoma and adenomyosis.
On-Line Microporous Membrane Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Pretreatment Combined with Capillary Gas Chromatography Applied to Local Anaesthetics in Blood Plasma (1998)

A new automated procedure for analyzing complex samples has been developed utilizing microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (MMLLE) combined with capillary gas chromatography. Some local anaesthetics were used as model compounds in aqueous solution as well as in blood plasma. The MMLLE procedure was performed in a flow system with the sample fed to the donor side of the hydrophobic microporous membrane and with an organic solvent (hexane) in the pores and as the acceptor solution. The analytes in a small volume of sample (< 1 mL) were extracted into the organic acceptor phase which was transferred into the gas chromatographic system by utilizing a loop-type interface compatible with large-volume (300 microL) injection. High selectivity and low carry-over effects were obtained with the system. The detection limits were 0.5-1 ng/mL using 0.5 mL of human plasma, and the precision was approximately 5%. The effects of pH, flow rates, and adsorption of the analytes were evaluated.
Study on Personalized Search Engine Based on Files (2010)

This paper explores the design of personalized search engine, offers a new design idea about personalized search engine based on personalized file. It consists of three aspects of innovation: the first is allotting the user personal information collection and processing task that should be completed by the server to user's PC, let the server focus on providing high-quality personalized search results to meet user requirements, reduce server resource consumption and waste of network resources. The second is using the design that prevents the personal interest analyzer module form accessing network, so it can prevent leakage of personal information. The third is that it introduces the application of target field to meet the diverse needs of users.
Ionic diffusion and selectivity of a cation exchange membrane in nonaqueous solvents (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonic diffusion and selectivity of a cation exchange membrane in nonaqueous solventsMaria. Lopez, Brian. Kipling, and Howard L. YeagerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 4, 629–632Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50012a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50012a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views761Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Class Scheduling for Pilot Training (2004)

In this paper, we study the class scheduling problem at the training center of Continental Airlines. When pilots get new assignments, they must be retrained for up to eight consecutive weeks. During that time, they are removed from the roster, and thus impose a significant cost on the airlines. We formulate the problem with the objective of minimizing the total weighted length of all classes. Solutions are obtained with a branch-and-bound algorithm and a family of heuristics based on the idea of a rolling horizon. A series of computational experiments is performed to evaluate the algorithms. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain near-optimal solutions within acceptable time limits. The algorithms have been implemented and are now in use at Continental.
Distance separated simultaneous sweeping, for fast, clean, vibroseis acquisition (2009)

ABSTRACT Distance separated simultaneous sweeping DS 3 is a new vibroseis technique that produces independent records, uncontaminated by simultaneous source interference, for a range of offsets and depths that span all target zones of interest. Use of DS 3 on a recent seismic survey in Oman, resulted in a peak acquisition rate of 1024 records per hour. This survey employed 15 vibrators, with a distance separation of 12 km between simultaneous active sources, recorded by 8000 active channels across 22 live lines in an 18.5 km × 11 km receiver patch. Broad distribution of simultaneous sources, across an adequately sized recording patch, effectively partitions the sensors so that each trace records only one of the simultaneous sources. With proper source separation, on a scale similar to twice the maximum usable source receiver offset, wavefield overlap occurs below the zone of interest. This yields records that are indistinguishable from non‐simultaneous source data, within temporal and spatial limits. This DS 3 technique may be implemented using a wide variety of acquisition geometries, optimally with spatially large recording patches that enable appropriate source separation distances. DS 3 improves acquisition efficiency without data quality degradation, eliminating the requirement for special data processing or noise attenuation.
Investigation of wet chemical-treated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surface and its metallization with SIMS, XPS and atomic force microscopy (2000)

Surface modification and metallization of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) surface via a wet chemical treatment was studied. The wet process included a pretreatment using Na/naphthalene/THF solution as an etchant followed by an electroless copper plating. The existence of Na in the substrate top layer down to several micrometers was detected by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and was thought to be the key element which made it possible to deposit electroless copper onto the PTFE surface. The topographies of the pretreated surfaces were examined by SEM and the nanometer-size surface roughnesses were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Chemical changes on the surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. A comparison of copper adhesion was performed by the scribe-grid test and a good agreement with F/C ratio was obtained. The effects of treatment time and Na/naphthalene ratio on wettability, surface roughness, fluorine removal, copper adhesion as well as the locus of failure are discussed.
Nonadiabatic three-dimensional model of high-order harmonic generation in the few-optical-cycle regime (2000)

A numerical model to calculate the high-order harmonics spectrum of a macroscopic gas target irradiated by a few-optical-cycle laser pulse is presented. The single-atom response, calculated within the nonadiabatic strong-field approximation, is the source term of a three-dimensional propagation code. The simulation results show remarkably good agreement with experiments performed in neon using laser pulses with durations of 30 and 7 fs. Both simulations and experiments show discrete and well-resolved harmonics even for the shortest driving pulses.
THE HIGHER FLUORIDES OF PLUTONIUM (1950)

A systematic set of thermodynamic data for most of the known compounds of plutonium is presented. From earlier data present, it is now possible to extend the tabulation of data for the compounds of plutonium to include PuF(4), PuF(5), and PuF(6).
Characterization of a Helicase-Like Transcription Factor Involved in the Expression of the Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene (1996)

A 5.4-kb cDNA encoding the protein that binds to the B Box of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene was isolated and sequenced. The protein, named helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF), contains a DNA-binding domain, a RING finger domain, and seven helicase domains and is homologous to SWI/SNF proteins. Two HLTF mRNAs of 5.5 and 4.5 kb were detected in most human tissues, a single gene was located on chromosome 3q24-25, and the protein was located in the nucleoplasm. Two HLTF proteins differing in translation start site (Met-1 or Met-123) were obtained by in vitro translation in reticulocyte lysate or by immunoprecipitation from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. In vitro transcription from the PAI-1 promoter in HeLa cell extracts was inhibited by HLTF antibodies and by the HLTF DNA binding domain. Over-expression of HLTF or HLTFMet123 produced a three-fold induction of PAI-1-LUC transient expression in HeLa cells. Mutation of the PAI-1 B Box led to an eight-fold reduction of basal PAI-1-LUC expression in these cell lines, but did not affect the four- to six-fold induction by phorbol esters.
Methanol Diffusion in Perfluorinated Ion‐Exchange Membranes (1989)

The transport of methanol through a commercially available perfluorinated ion‐exchange membrane containing an aqueous 1N sulfuric acid solution is characterized. To accomplish this task, a mathematical model capable of simulating quantitatively methanol‐transport experiments is developed, and an optimization routine is employed to obtain physicochemical coefficients for the system by comparing experimental and theoretical results. The chemical environment employed in this work is similar to that which is present in a methanol fuel cell. Perhaps most important, results of this work illustrate that methanol readily transports across the perfluorinated membranes—consequently, new membrane systems should be investigated for methanol fuel cells.
Treatment of renal osteodystrophy in children with dihydrotachysterol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1985)

The effect of administration of 25 micrograms 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D) combined with dihydrotachysterol (DHT2) on clinical, radiological, biochemical and bone histological parameters was assessed in ten children on chronic hemodialysis. Eight children had been treated with DHT2 prior to administration of 24,25(OH)2D. Addition of 24,25(OH)2D to the treatment resulted in a decrease in serum calcium values. Therefore higher doses of DHT2 were required to maintain serum-calcium levels between 2.4-2.8 mmol/l. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D did not modify the quality of bone, but histomorphometric investigation did show a significant reduction of the surface percentage of bone trabecula, in the iliac crest, covered with osteoclasts (oc%). Following the administration of 24,25(OH)2D an increase in bone mineralization was shown by X-rays of the wrists and measured by dual photonabsorptiometry. Addition of 24,25(OH)2D to the DHT2 treatment resulted in an increase in serum concentration of 24,25(OH)2D and a decrease in DHT2 levels. The present study suggests that administered 24,25(OH)2D interferes with DHT2 metabolism and increases DHT2 tolerance. Increased bone mineralization may be related to 24,25(OH)2D, a higher dose of DHT2 or both.
Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the AmpC β-lactamase of Morganella morganii (2006)

The chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of a clinical isolate of Morganella morganii was cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced. The beta-lactamase had a pI of 7.4 and conferred a typical AmpC susceptibility pattern. The insert obtained was found to encode a protein of 379 amino acids. Its deduced amino acid sequence revealed it to be a class C beta-lactamase: 39-56% identity with chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases of Serratia marcescens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli; and 37-56% identity with plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases (MOX-1, CMY-1, FOX-1, ACT-1, LAT-1, BIL-1 and CMY-2). The ampC gene was linked to a gene only part of which (450 bp) was cloned homologous to the regulatory ampR genes of chromosomal class C beta-lactamases.
Transcriptional regulation of the mu-delta heavy chain locus in normal murine B lymphocytes. (1984)

The heavy chain genes for IgM (C mu) and IgD (C delta) are expressed differentially during B cell maturation and activation. We have determined the role that transcription plays in the regulation of these changes by using the method of in vitro nascent RNA chain elongation. In neonatal cells that express much lower densities of IgD than IgM on their surface, transcription of C delta is observed at half the level of C mu. This 3:1 transcriptional ratio of mu to delta is preserved in mature resting cells, which express higher densities of IgD on the surface than IgM. When activated by the mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), transcription of C mu is preferentially enhanced. However, C delta transcription is not shut off even though the expression of IgD in the stimulated cells is greatly decreased. In all three differentiative stages, polymerase unloading occurs in the vicinity of a large inverted repeat sequence, 5' to C delta and 3' to the mu membrane exons. This suggests that the developmental selection of secreted vs. membrane-bound carboxyl-terminal exons is controlled by RNA cleavage. The data presented here, together with our previous analysis of mRNA and protein synthesis, show that the differential expression of IgM and IgD in normal B lymphocytes is regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and posttranslation levels.
Precoder and Decoder Prediction in Time-Varying MIMO Channels (2006)

In wireless communications, mobility can make the available channel information out of date. A timely update of the channel state information is an obvious solution to improve the system performance in a time-varying channel. However, this comes at the cost of a decrease in the system throughput since many pilots have to be inserted. Thus, predicting the future channel conditions can improve not only the performance but also the throughput of many types of wireless systems. This is especially true when multiple antennas are applied at both link ends. We propose and evaluate the performance of a prediction scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems that apply spatial multiplexing. We aim at predicting the future precoder/decoder directly without going through the prediction of the channel matrix. The results show that in a slowly time-varying channel an increase in the system performance by a factor of two is possible.
Identification of candidates for cyclotide biosynthesis and cyclisation by expressed sequence tag analysis of Oldenlandia affinis (2010)

The EST library generated in this study provides a valuable resource for the study of the cyclisation of plant peptides. Further analysis of the candidates for cyclotide processing discovered in this work will increase our understanding and aid in reconstructing cyclotide production using transgenic systems and will benefit their development in pharmaceutical applications and insect-resistant crop plants.
The relation between ontologies and schema languages (2001)

Currently computers are changing from single isolated devices to entry points in a world wide network of information exchange and business transactions called the World Wide Web (WWW). Therefore support in data, information, and knowledge exchange becomes the key issue in current computer technology. Ontologies provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and application systems. Therefore, they may play a major role in supporting information exchange processes in various areas. However, in order to develop their full power, the representation languages for ontologies must be comparative with existing data exchange standards in the World Wide Web. Therefore, we compare the two main standardization efforts in these areas. We will compare OIL the arising standard for exchanging ontologies with XML schemas which is the arising standard for describing structure and semantics of Web documents.
CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Pathologic Roles and Therapeutic Potential (2013)

Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the western world. Moreover, despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the death rate from lung cancer remains high and the reported overall five-year survival rate is only 15%. Thus, novel treatments for this devastating disease are urgently needed. Chemokines, a family of 48 chemotactic cytokines interacts with their 7 transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, to guide immune cell trafficking in the body under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Tumor cells, which express a relatively restricted repertoire of chemokine and chemokine receptors, utilize and manipulate the chemokine system in a manner that benefits both local tumor growth and distant dissemination. Among the 19 chemokine receptors, CXCR4 is the receptor most widely expressed by malignant tumors and whose role in tumor biology is most thoroughly studied. The chemokine CXCL12, which is the sole ligand of CXCR4, is highly expressed in primary lung cancer as well as in the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands and brain, which are all sites for lung cancer metastasis. This review focuses on the pathologic role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in NSCLC and on the potential therapeutic implication of targeting this axis for the treatment of NSCLC.
Wire Pond (1900)

Journal Article Wire Pond Get access A. H. A. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-VI, Issue 149, 3 November 1900, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-VI.149.352g Published: 03 November 1900
Fluorine-18 Chemistry for PET: A Concise Introduction (2010)

Fluorine-18 is the most important radionuclide used in positron emission tomography (PET) today, largely due to its attractive physical and nuclear characteristics. Agents such as the clinical oncology tracer 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), the most widely used PET-radiopharmaceutical, are driving an increasing interest in the chemistry of radiopharmaceuticals utilizing fluorine-18. This review outlines the methods for production of fluorine-18, and the development of agents for performing radiofluorination reactions. With a few exceptions, radiofluorinations can be classified as either electrophilic or nucleophilic. The electrophilic reactions mainly use molecular [18F]fluorine of moderately low specific radioactivity, or reagents prepared from it, and include additions to alkenes, reactions with carbanions and especially fluorodehydrogenation and fluorodemetallation. The nucleophilic reactions usually involve no-carrier-added (high-specific- radioactivity) [18F]fluoride as its K[18F]F-K222 complex and include SN2-type substitutions in the aliphatic series and SNAr-type substitutions in the aromatic and heteroaromatic series. Key examples from each class of radiofluorination reaction will be described, highlighting the potential of this radioisotope in the design and preparation of fluorine-18- labeled probes for PET imaging. Keywords: Fluorine-18, radionuclide, positron emission tomography (PET), radiofluorination reactions, radioisotope, PET imaging
Use of Aromatic Ionic Liquids in the Reduction of Surface Phenomena of Crude Oil–Water System and their Synergism with Brine (2015)

Enhanced oil recovery is governed primarily by the role of interfacial tension between crude oil and water. Interfacial tension (IFT) of the crude oil–water system is one of the vital factors in the analysis of the capillary forces affecting trapped oil within the reservoir rocks. High salinity and temperature of the reservoirs tend to make researchers search for new surfactants to lower the interfacial tension in crude oil–water systems. The current study hopes to create a move toward solving the above problem through the use of aromatic ionic liquids (ILs) based on imidazolium as the cation and various anions such as [Cl]−, [Br]−, [BF4]−, [H2PO4]−, [HSO4]−, and [PF6]− in different concentrations. This work involves the study of the effect of concentration, temperature, time, and brine on the fate of surface tension (SFT) of water and interfacial tension of crude oil–water systems. The present study also addresses the trend in the electrical conductivity of ILs in water along with the effect of temperature and concentration of ILs. The study reveals that these ILs are effective in reducing the SFT and IFT of water and crude oil–water systems at high salinity and temperature conditions. In the IFT measurements, a linear decrement with increase in temperature is observed for crude oil–water in the presence of ILs. The interfacial tension of the various imidazolium-based ionic liquids with the crude oil–water system has been measured as a function of temperature by means of the Wilhelmy plate method. The influence of the nature of cation and anion of ionic liquids and of the chain length on the cationic head of the ILs on interfacial tension is also discussed in detail. At increased salinity conditions, unlike classical surfactants, these ILs are found to be more successful. Enhanced efficiency of the drop in IFT using NaCl and IL mixture has been confirmed by measuring the IFT between crude oil and the aqueous solution of IL. The synergism of salt and IL mixture on the reduction of IFT has been observed.