gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-Pot Synthesis of Proton Exchange Membranes from Anion Exchange Membrane Precursors (2020)

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play a critical role in many electrochemical devices that could solve the shortcomings of current energy storage and conversion systems. Hydrocarbon-based PEMs are an attractive alternative for replacing the state-of-the-art perfluorosulfonic acid PEMs; however, synthetic routes are generally limited to sulfonation of aromatic units (pre- or postpolymerization functionalization). Here we disclose a facile and scalable one-pot synthetic method of converting an alkyl halide functionality to a sulfonate in polymer systems. With this method, sulfonated hydrocarbon PEMs can be conveniently prepared from a precursor polymer of anion exchange membranes which have recently experienced significant advances. Polyphenylene type PEMs (BPSA and <i>m</i>TPSA in this report) were generated in one-pot S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction of bromoalkyl side chains of polymers followed by oxidation. These PEMs showed excellent proton conductivity with BPSA showing 250 mS/cm in water at 80 °C, nearly 1.5 times higher than that of Nafion 212. Furthermore, the separation of the sulfonic acid group from the rigid backbone with a flexible alkyl chain mitigates excessive water uptake and in-plane swelling ratio of the polymer, despite having a high ion exchange capacity of 2.6 mequiv/g. Oxidative stability was also shown to be superior for hydrocarbon-based PEMs with negligible changes in mass, NMR, and proton conductivity.
Reversible Strong Coupling in Silver Nanoparticle Arrays Using Photochromic Molecules (2012)

In this Letter, we demonstrate a reversible strong coupling regime between a dipolar surface plasmon resonance and a molecular excited state. This reversible state is experimentally observed on silver nanoparticle arrays embedded in a polymer film containing photochromic molecules. Extinction measurements reveal a clear Rabi splitting of 294 meV, corresponding to ~13% of the molecular transition energy. We derived an analytical model to confirm our observations, and we emphasize the importance of spectrally matching the polymer absorption with the plasmonic resonance to observe coupled states. Finally, the reversibility of this coupling is illustrated by cycling the photochromic molecules between their two isomeric forms.
Daylighting estimation and analysis in residential apartment building: GIS based approach (2016)

The openings in the building envelope have a great influence on daylighting in the internal area of the building spaces. The amount of opening area, its orientation, outside obstruction & positioning of building affects the inside illumination. Most of the energy consumption occurs during the building's operational phase for heating, cooling & lighting purposes. This paper aims to provide a simplified analytical and GIS based approach to evaluate the potential of daylight inside the room under clear sky conditions. The work evaluates the intensity of internal illumination in residential apartment building from available outside external illumination.
Impact of client/server computing on the telecommunications industry (2002)

Client/server computing splits a computer application into tasks that are performed using three separate components. These components consist of a client computer, a server computer, and a network which connects the client to the server, where in most cases the client is a personal computer sitting on a user's desk. Client/server technology touches just about every part of the computer market, particularly systems management. The purpose of the paper is to summarize some of the most popular models of client/server computing, and to look at how these models provide solutions for today's business needs, with emphasis on the telecommunications industry. The paper also discusses the benefits client/server technology provides to companies restructuring their management and operations to achieve localized autonomy, with the emphasis on re-engineering business processes that might otherwise be ineffective or impractical to automate.
Improved Recurrent Neural Networks for Session-based Recommendations (2016)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) were recently proposed for the session-based recommendation task. The models showed promising improvements over traditional recommendation approaches. In this work, we further study RNN-based models for session-based recommendations. We propose the application of two techniques to improve model performance, namely, data augmentation, and a method to account for shifts in the input data distribution. We also empirically study the use of generalised distillation, and a novel alternative model that directly predicts item embeddings. Experiments on the RecSys Challenge 2015 dataset demonstrate relative improvements of 12.8% and 14.8% over previously reported results on the [email protected] and Mean Reciprocal [email protected] metrics respectively.
Dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cells killed by high hydrostatic pressure inhibit prostate tumor growth in TRAMP mice (2017)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines pulsed with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-inactivated tumor cells have recently been shown to be a promising tool for prostate cancer chemoimmunotherapy. In this study, DC-based vaccines, both pulsed and unpulsed, were as effective as docetaxel (DTX) in reducing prostate tumors in the orthotopic transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. However, we did not observe any additive or synergic effects of chemoimmunotherapy on the tumor growth, while only the combination of DTX and pulsed dendritic cells resulted in significantly lower proliferation detected by Ki67 staining in histological samples. The DC-based vaccine pulsed with HHP-treated tumor cells was also combined with another type of cytostatic, cyclophosphamide, with similar results. In another clinically relevant setting, minimal residual tumor disease after surgery, administration of DC-based vaccines after the surgery of poorly immunogenic transplanted TRAMP-C2, as well as in immunogenic TC-1 tumors, reduced the growth of tumor recurrences. To identify the effector cell populations after DC vaccine application, mice were twice immunized with both pulsed and unpulsed DC vaccine, and the cytotoxicity of the spleen cells populations was tested. The effector cell subpopulations were defined as CD4<sup>+</sup> and NK1.1<sup>+</sup>, which suggests rather unspecific therapeutic effects of the DC-based vaccines in our settings. Taken together, our data demonstrate that DC-based vaccines represent a rational tool for the treatment of human prostate cancer.
A new software architecture for evolvable multimedia software (1997)

Abstract This paper describes the Micro Virtual Machine and the operating system (OS) interface that Sony has designed and implemented for Sony's future products such as set top boxes and servers for the delivery of on‐line multimedia services. This article is derived from a proposal document presented at the 11‐th meeting of the Digital Audio‐Visual Council (DAVIC) held in Berlin in December 1995. The technologies presented in this paper were first used at Telecom 95 in Geneva and later in the DAVIC inter‐operability trials which took place in Tokyo in the Fall of 1996.
Enantioselective measurement of fungal D-arabinitol in the sera of normal adults and patients with candidiasis (1988)

A new method was used to measure D-arabinitol enantioselectively in the sera of 27 healthy adults and four patients with candidiasis. Arabinitol was measured by gas chromatography in serum that was treated with and without the Klebsiella pneumoniae enzyme D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, NAD, and sodium pyruvate. Since enzyme treatment removed 98% of 0 to 20 micrograms of D-arabinitol per ml and none of 0 to 20 micrograms of L-arabinitol per ml from spiked sera, D-arabinitol could be determined from the difference in the treated and untreated samples. The concentrations of D- and L-arabinitol in serum from normal subjects were 0.22 +/- 0.052 and 0.16 +/- 0.055 micrograms/ml, respectively, and their D-arabinitol/creatinine and L-arabinitol/creatinine ratios were 0.024 +/- 0.0089 and 0.017 +/- 0.0053 (all means +/- standard deviations). The infected patients all had markedly elevated serum D-arabinitol levels, but their L-arabinitol levels were either normal or proportionately much lower. The excess arabinitol in the sera of individuals with candidiasis is D-arabinitol, and use of enantioselective analytical methods should result in improved ability to diagnose and estimate the severity of candidiasis.
Relocation strategies and algorithms for free-floating Car Sharing Systems (2012)

During the last two years so-called free-floating Car Sharing Systems became very popular. These systems in comparison to the conventional Car Sharing Systems allow short one-way trips. Today, the spatial distribution of vehicles within free-floating Car Sharing Systems is either self-organized, which means it is only dependent on the customer's demand or in a few cases the positioning is manually controlled by system operators. None of the known free-floating Car Sharing Systems has a clear defined relocation strategy or is online optimized based on the current demand. Within this paper several relocation strategies are introduced and categorized. For each category a relocation algorithm is described and evaluated. Also a new integrated two-step algorithm for optimal positioning and strategy selection is described in detail. This new approach consists of an offline demand clustering that allows for strategy pre-selection. The online module of the approach measures the differences between optimal vehicle positioning and current positioning and selects the best relocation strategy for implementation.
Simultaneous Visualization of Multiple Antigens with Tyramide Signal Amplification using Antibodies from the same Species (2007)

After immunohistochemistry (IHC) began to be used routinely, a number of investigators worked on methods for staining multiple molecules in the same tissue sections or cells. Achieving this goal was not easy, however. One reason for this is that the majority of primary antibodies used in IHC reactions are raised in rabbits, and recognizing signals from two different rabbit antibodies is not trivial. Thus, all of the protocols described to date have serious limitations. Here we report a simple, quick, and inexpensive solution to the problem. It has two major advantages over existing methods. First, by using antibodies from the same host, two or more antigens can be visualized in the same section with commercially available fluorescent dyes. Second, because the technique relies on signal amplification, both rare and abundant antigens can be detected.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of an Epiglycanin-Like Glycoprotein From a New Non-Strain-Specific Subline of TA3 Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref> (1979)

Illustration shows Joseph G. Cannon handing a shoe labeled "Stand Pat" to J. S. Sherman, who is shining shoes labeled "Conservatism, Reactionary, Special Privileges, [and] Vested Interests"; an unidentified man, possibly Joseph B. Foraker or Nelson W. Aldrich, peers through an open door.
Comparison of two cytotoxicity assays--tetrazolium derivative reduction (MTT) and tritiated thymidine uptake--on three malignant mouse cell lines using chemotherapeutic agents and investigational drugs. (1990)

Two different techniques [reduction of a tetrazolium derivative (MTT) and 3HTdR uptake assays] were compared in order to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. The cytotoxicities of Melphalan, hexamethylmelamine and seven derivatives, and daunorubicin were measured on P388D1 mouse macrophage-like cell line, RC mouse renal carcinoma cell line, and B16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Growth inhibition was determined after one hour as well as after continuous (48 hours) exposure to drugs. The IC50 was calculated using an appropriate algorithm (FADHA) which allowed within and between run variabilities to be taken into account. Optimal conditions had to be elucidated for culture conditions before assay: number of cells/well and assay duration for each line. The MTT and 3HTdR uptake assays were found to be similar in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility, both for adherent and floating cell lines. However, the MTT assay has the advantages of low cost and time saving. It also avoids problems related to radioactivity manipulation and counting. Both techniques rank the same chemicals as active or inactive. The algorithm Fadha was found to be a very powerful mathematical tool for comparing the IC50 values obtained by both assays.
Impact of two different hemostatic devices on radial artery outcomes after transradial catheterization. (2009)

A significant reduction in radial artery occlusion was noted with hemostasis using the TR Band compared to the HemoBand, without compromising hemostatic efficacy.
The Profibrinolytic Enzyme Subtilisin NAT Purified fromBacillus subtilis Cleaves and Inactivates Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (2001)

In this report, we demonstrate an interaction between subtilisin NAT (formerly designated BSP, or nattokinase), a profibrinolytic serine proteinase from Bacillus subtilis, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Subtilisin NAT was purified to homogeneity (molecular mass, 27.7 kDa) from a saline extract of B. subtilis (natto). Subtilisin NAT appeared to cleave active recombinant prokaryotic PAI-1 (rpPAI-1) into low molecular weight fragments. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in combination with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and peptide sequence analysis revealed that rpPAI-1 was cleaved at its reactive site (P1-P1': Arg(346)-Met(347)). rpPAI-1 lost its specific activity after subtilisin NAT treatment in a dose-dependent manner (0.02-1.0 nm; half-maximal effect at approximately 0.1 nm). Subtilisin NAT dose dependently (0.06-1 nm) enhanced tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced fibrin clot lysis both in the absence of rpPAI-1 (48 +/- 1.4% at 1 nm) and especially in the presence of rpPAI-1 (78 +/- 2.0% at 1 nm). The enhancement observed in the absence of PAI-1 seems to be induced through direct fibrin dissolution by subtilisin NAT. The stronger enhancement by subtilisin NAT of rpPAI-1-enriched fibrin clot lysis seems to involve the cleavage and inactivation of active rpPAI-1. This mechanism is suggested to be important for subtilisin NAT to potentiate fibrinolysis.
Microwave-assisted solution polycondensation of <scp>l</scp>-lactic acid using a Dean–Stark apparatus for a non-thermal microwave polymerization effect induced by the electric field (2014)

The solution polycondensation of <sc>l</sc>-lactic acid (<sc>l</sc>-LA) in xylene catalyzed by Sc(OTf)<sub>3</sub> was examined using a Dean–Stark apparatus under various microwave power conditions (100–400 W). The results indicate the existence of a non-thermal microwave effect induced by an electric field.
An algorithm for pronominal anaphora resolution (1994)

This paper presents an algorithm for identifying the noun phrase antecedents of third person pronouns and lexical anaphors (reflexives and reciprocals). The algorithm applies to the syntactic representations generated by McCord's Slot Grammar parser and relies on salience measures derived from syntactic structure and a simple dynamic model of attentional state. Like the parser, the algorithm is implemented in Prolog. The authors have tested it extensively on computer manual texts and conducted a blind test on manual text containing 360 pronoun occurrences. The algorithm successfully identifies the antecedent of the pronoun for 86% of these pronoun occurrences. The relative contributions of the algorithm's components to its overall success rate in this blind test are examined. Experiments were conducted with an enhancement of the algorithm that contributes statistically modelled information concerning semantic and real-world relations to the algorithm's decision procedure. Interestingly, this enhancement only marginally improves the algorithm's performance (by 2%). The algorithm is compared with other approaches to anaphora resolution that have been proposed in the literature. In particular, the search procedure of Hobbs' algorithm was implemented in the Slot Grammar framework and applied to the sentences in teh blind test set. The authors' algorithm achieves a higher rate of success (4%) than Hobbs' algorithm. The relation of the algorithm to the centering approach is discussed, as well as to models of anaphora resolution that invoke a variety of informational factors in ranking antecedent candidates.
Promoter methylation of P16, RARβ, E-cadherin, cyclin A1 and cytoglobin in oral cancer: quantitative evaluation using pyrosequencing (2006)

Methylation profiling of cancer tissues has identified this mechanism as an important component of carcinogenesis. Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor genes through promoter methylation has been investigated by a variety of means, the most recent of which is pyrosequencing. We have investigated quantitative methylation status in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Fresh tumour tissue and normal control tissue from resection margin was obtained from 79 consecutive patients undergoing resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. DNA was extracted and bisulphite treated. PCR primers were designed to amplify 75-200 bp regions of the CpG rich gene promoters of p16, RARbeta, E-cadherin, cytoglobin and cyclinA1. Methylation status of 4-5 CpG sites per gene was determined by pyrosequencing. Significant CpG methylation of gene promoters within tumour specimens was found in 28% for p16, 73% for RARbeta, 42% for E-cadherin, 65% for cytoglobin and 53% for cyclinA1. Promoter methylation was significantly elevated in tumours compared to normal tissue for p16 (P = 0.048), cytoglobin (P = 0.002) and cyclin A1 (P = 0.001) but not in RARbeta (P = 0.088) or E-cadherin (P = 0.347). Concordant methylation was demonstrated in this tumour series (P = 0.03). Significant differences in degree of methylation of individual CpG sites were noted for all genes except RARbeta and these differences were in a characteristic pattern that was reproduced between tumour samples. Cyclin A1 promoter methylation showed an inverse trend with histological grade. Promoter methylation analysis using pyrosequencing reveals valuable quantitative data from several CpG sites. In contrast to qualitative data generated from methylation specific PCR, our data demonstrated p16 promoter methylation in a highly tumour specific pattern. Significant tumour specific methylation of cyclin A1 promoter was also seen. Cytoglobin is a novel candidate tumour suppressor gene highly methylated in upper aero-digestive tract squamous cancer.
The Evolution of Elbow Arthroplasty: Innovative Solutions to Complex Clinical Problems (2010)

Cross, Michael B. MD1; Sherman, Seth L. MD1; Kepler, Christopher K. MD, MBA1; Neviaser, Andrew S. MD1; Weiland, Andrew J. MD1 Author Information
K/Ka-band antenna for broadband aeronautical mobile application (2002)

JPL is developing a K/Ka-band, satellite-tracking antenna system under contract for JPL's Broadband Aeronautical Terminal task to demonstrate full duplex, compressed video communications from both business and commercial jumbo jet class aircraft. The aircraft antenna represents a major part of the development of the terminal, and the antenna system preliminary design is summarized in the paper. The antenna is scheduled to be used for formal communication experiments in Fall 1995 with the ACTS in the K/Ka-band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epibatidine and ABT 418 reveal selective losses of α4β2 nicotinic receptors in Alzheimer brains (1995)

Subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were characterized in human temporal cortex and in a alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR-transfected M10 cell line using the nicotinic agonists epibatidine, ABT 418 and (-)nicotine in competition studies with [3H]nicotine and [3H]cytisine. The three agonists best fitted to an one-site model in M10 cells with the rank of potencies: epibatidine > > (-)-nicotine > ABT 418. Heterogeneous nAChRs were revealed for epibatidine and ABT 418 in the human temporal cortex. Both compounds labelled a major binding site (Ki 0.35 nM and 68.6 nM respectively) and an additional minor binding site with higher affinity (Ki 0.002 nM and 0.86 nM respectively). Corresponding data for (-)nicotine were a major site (Ki 2.80 nM) and an additional minor site with lower affinity (Ki 2150 nM). Selective losses in the major population of nAChR were observed in the temporal cortex of brains from individuals with Alzheimer's disease with all three agonists. This suggested that the alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subunit might be the most vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a possible target for therapeutic strategies.
Active Noise Control (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principles of Active Control Active Control of Free-Field Sound Active Control of Sound in Ducts Active Control of Enclosed Sound Fields Single-Channel Feedback Control Systems Multichannel Feedforward Control Systems References
Virtualized ECC: Flexible Reliability in Main Memory (2010)

Virtualized error checking and correcting (ECC) is a scheme that virtualizes memory-error correction. Unlike traditional uniform ECC, which provides a fixed level of error tolerance, virtualized ECC enables flexible memory protection by mapping redundant information needed for correcting errors onto the memory namespace. Additionally, virtualized ECC enables error-correction mechanisms that can adapt to user and system demands.
Blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer (2017)

The availability of a universal quantum computer may have a fundamental impact on a vast number of research fields and on society as a whole. An increasingly large scientific and industrial community is working toward the realization of such a device. An arbitrarily large quantum computer may best be constructed using a modular approach. We present a blueprint for a trapped ion-based scalable quantum computer module, making it possible to create a scalable quantum computer architecture based on long-wavelength radiation quantum gates. The modules control all operations as stand-alone units, are constructed using silicon microfabrication techniques, and are within reach of current technology. To perform the required quantum computations, the modules make use of long-wavelength radiation-based quantum gate technology. To scale this microwave quantum computer architecture to a large size, we present a fully scalable design that makes use of ion transport between different modules, thereby allowing arbitrarily many modules to be connected to construct a large-scale device. A high error-threshold surface error correction code can be implemented in the proposed architecture to execute fault-tolerant operations. With appropriate adjustments, the proposed modules are also suitable for alternative trapped ion quantum computer architectures, such as schemes using photonic interconnects.