gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JAIN: a new approach to services in communication networks (2000)

JAIN/sup TM/, a set of integrated network APIs for the Java/sup TM/ platform, provides a framework to build and integrate solutions (or "services") that span across packet (e.g., IP or ATM), wireless, and PSTN networks. The objective of JAIN is to provide service portability, convergence, and secure access (by services residing outside of the network) to such integrated networks. JAIN is defined and specified by a large number of participating communication companies (the JAIN Community), and according to a well-documented process (the Java Community Process or JCP). The objective of the JAIN Community is to create an open market for services across integrated networks using Java technology. The authors provide the JAIN business case. They then summarize how the JAIN Community works, and introduce how the JAIN Community is organized. They also explain how separate JAIN work items fit together. In particular, they provide the rationale for the currently supported levels of abstraction (in terms of session/call signaling models) in JAIN, and look at possible implementation scenarios.
Skeletal Muscle Triglyceride Levels Are Inversely Related to Insulin Action (1997)

In animal studies, increased amounts of triglyceride associated with skeletal muscle (mTG) correlate with reduced skeletal muscle and whole body insulin action. The aim of this study was to test this relationship in humans. Subjects were 38 nondiabetic male Pima Indians (mean age 28 +/- 1 years). Insulin sensitivity at physiological (M) and supraphysiological (MZ) insulin levels was assessed by the euglycemic clamp. Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were determined by indirect calorimetry before and during insulin administration. mTG was determined in vastus lateralis muscles obtained by percutaneous biopsy. Percentage of body fat (mean 29 +/- 1%, range 14-44%) was measured by underwater weighing. In simple regressions, negative relationships were found between mTG (mean 5.4 +/- 0.3 micromol/g, range 1.3-1.9 micromol/g) and log10M (r = -0.53, P < or = 0.001), MZ (r = -0.44, P = 0.006), and nonoxidative glucose disposal (r = -0.48 and -0.47 at physiological and supraphysiological insulin levels, respectively, both P = 0.005) but not glucose or lipid oxidation. mTG was not related to any measure of adiposity. In multiple regressions, measures of insulin resistance (log10M, MZ, log10[fasting insulin]) were significantly related to mTG independent of all measures of obesity (percentage of body fat, BMI, waist-to-thigh ratio). In turn, all measures of obesity were related to the insulin resistance measures independent of mTG. The obesity measures and mTG accounted for similar proportions of the variance in insulin resistance in these relationships. The results suggest that in this human population, as in animal models, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is strongly influenced by local supplies of triglycerides, as well as by remote depots and circulating lipids. The mechanism(s) underlying the relationship between mTG and insulin action on skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis may be central to an understanding of insulin resistance.
Sensitivity of different methods for the detection of myeloperoxidase in leukemia cells. (1994)

We examined the sensitivity of different myeloperoxidase (MPO) detection methods in leukemia cell lines. To this end the MPO-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB-4 was diluted into cell populations of the MPO-negative myeloma cell line MM-1 at different ratios. MPO protein was identified by classical cytochemical staining and by a specific anti-MPO monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescent reaction. Cytochemical staining detected 1% positive cells among 99% negative cells. Careful, but time-consuming observation enabled the detection of positive cells in even higher dilutions. At least a 10-fold increase in sensitivity was achieved with the immunofluorescent method, as brightly fluorescent cells are more amenable for a screening of slides at lower microscopic magnification than the cytochemically visualized cells. MPO mRNA expression was examined in whole cell populations by Northern blotting (maximal sensitivity 1%), a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification assay (sensitivity 0.1%), and by RT-PCR followed by Southern blotting (sensitivity 0.05%). The high sensitivity of PCR-based techniques is offset by the fact that these methods do not allow for the identification and further characterization of the individual, MPO-positive cells. Thus, methods examining bulk populations require homogeneous cell samples in order to avoid false-positivity stemming from a few residual bystander cells. The five different techniques were used to determine the status of MPO expression in 20 randomly chosen leukemia cell lines of myelomonocytic origin. In 11 cell lines (8 positive and 3 negative) all five tests provided concordant results. Three cell lines were Northern-negative, but RT-PCR-positive and MPO protein-positive suggesting that Northern blot analysis is the least sensitive tool. Six cell lines were devoid of MPO protein, at least according to the methods used here, but trace expression of MPO message was documented by PCR. All five techniques have advantages and drawbacks and must be carefully selected in order to obtain useful data. The detection of MPO is of experimental and clinical importance in the distinction of myeloid from lymphoid leukemias, and in the lineage assignment of apparently biphenotypic or unclassifiable cases.
Generalized diffusion tensor imaging and analytical relationships between diffusion tensor imaging and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (2003)

A new method for mapping diffusivity profiles in tissue is presented. The Bloch-Torrey equation is modified to include a diffusion term with an arbitrary rank Cartesian tensor. This equation is solved to give the expression for the generalized Stejskal-Tanner formula quantifying diffusive attenuation in complicated geometries. This makes it possible to calculate the components of higher-rank tensors without using the computationally-difficult spherical harmonic transform. General theoretical relations between the diffusion tensor (DT) components measured by traditional (rank-2) DT imaging (DTI) and 3D distribution of diffusivities, as measured by high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) methods, are derived. Also, the spherical tensor components from HARDI are related to the rank-2 DT. The relationships between higher- and lower-rank Cartesian DTs are also presented. The inadequacy of the traditional rank-2 tensor model is demonstrated with simulations, and the method is applied to excised rat brain data collected in a spin-echo HARDI experiment.
Force platforms as ergometers (1975)

Walking and running on the level involves external mechanical work, even when speed averaged over a complete stride remains constant. This work must be performed by the muscles to accelerate and/or raise the center of mass of the body during parts of the stride, replacing energy which is lost as the body slows and/or falls during other parts of the stride. External work can be measured with fair approximation by means of a force plate, which records the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force applied by the body to the ground over a complete stride. The horizontal force and the vertical force minus the body weight are integrated electronically to determine the instantaneous velocity in each plane. These velocities are squared and multiplied by one-half the mass to yield the instantaneous kinetic energy. The change in potential energy is calculated by integrating vertical velocity as a function of time to yield vertical displacement and multiplying this by body weight. The total mechanical energy as a function of time is obtained by adding the instantaneous kinetic and potential energies. The positive external mechanical work is obtained by adding the increments in total mechanical energy over an integral number of strides.
Autecology of the diatom Pseudonitzschia australis, a domoic acid producer, from Monterey Bay, California (1992)

Pseudonitzschia australis Frenguelli has been ~dentified as the domoic acid producer responsible for pelican mortalities and shellfish and other seafood quarantines on the west coast of the United States. During autumn 1991, Monterey Bay was the focus of the highest reported concentration of domoic acid in shellfish and anchovies. P. australis has been identified as an important and persistent component of the phytoplankton assemblage in Monterey Bay and contiguous waters for the past 3 yr. High abundances occurred consistently in the autumns of 1988 to 1991, as well as in March 1990 and July 1991. Maximum abundance, recorded in November 1991. was in excess of 6 X 105 cells I-'. Per cell domoic acid concentrations in October and November 1991 ranged from 3 to 31 pg and water column burdens ranged from 0.1 to 6.7 pg I-'. In their tissues, anchovies contained quantities of domoic acid equivalent to 2 d worth of ration, implying high incorporation and/or low depuration rates.
A study on Synchronization method for Mutual Cooperative Control in the Chaotic UAV (2006)

In this paper, we propose to synchronization method for mutual cooperative control method that have unstable limit cycles in a chaos trajectory surface in the chaotic UAVs. We assume all obstacles in the chaos trajectory surface have a Van der Pol equation with an unstable limit cycle. We also show computer simulation results of Arnold equation, Chua's equation trajectories with one or more Van der Pol as a obstacles. We proposed and verified the results of the method to make the embedding chaotic UAV to synchronization with the chaotic trajectory in any plane.
United States Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Bortezomib for the Treatment of Progressive Multiple Myeloma after One Prior Therapy (2006)

The U.S. FDA had earlier (May 2003) granted bortezomib accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with MM progressing after two prior therapies. The results of the phase 3 trial and the FDA analysis of the data, along with the sponsor's completion of other postmarketing commitments, confirm bortezomib's benefit and support regular approval.
Needle visualization using photoacoustic effect (2015)

We investigated a novel needle visualization using the PA effect to enhance needle-tip tracking. An optical fiber and laser source are used to generate acoustic waves inside the needle with the PA effect. Acoustic waves are generated along the needle. Some amount of acoustic energy leaks into the surrounding material. The leakage of acoustic waves is captured by a conventional US transducer and US channel data collection system. Then, the collected data are converted to a PA image. The needle-tip can be visualized more clearly in this PA image than a general US brightness mode image.
NK Cell Proliferation Induced by IL-15 Transpresentation Is Negatively Regulated by Inhibitory Receptors (2015)

IL-15 bound to the IL-15Rα-chain (IL-15Rα) is presented in trans to cells bearing the IL-2Rβ-chain and common γ-chain. As IL-15 transpresentation occurs in the context of cell-to-cell contacts, it has the potential for regulation by and of other receptor-ligand interactions. In this study, human NK cells were tested for the sensitivity of IL-15 transpresentation to inhibitory receptors. Human cells expressing HLA class I ligands for inhibitory receptors KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, or CD94-NKG2A were transfected with IL-15Rα. Proliferation of primary NK cells in response to transpresented IL-15 was reduced by engagement of either KIR2DL1 or KIR2DL2/3 by cognate HLA-C ligands. Inhibitory KIR-HLA-C interactions did not reduce the proliferation induced by soluble IL-15. Therefore, transpresentation of IL-15 is subject to downregulation by MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors. Similarly, proliferation of the NKG2A(+) cell line NKL induced by IL-15 transpresentation was inhibited by HLA-E. Coengagement of inhibitory receptors, either KIR2DL1 or CD94-NKG2A, did not inhibit phosphorylation of Stat5 but inhibited selectively phosphorylation of Akt and S6 ribosomal protein. IL-15Rα was not excluded from, but was evenly distributed across, inhibitory synapses. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism to attenuate IL-15-dependent NK cell proliferation and suggest that inhibitory NK cell receptors contribute to NK cell homeostasis.
How to half the latency of IEEE compliant floating-point multiplication (2002)

We present an IEEE compliant floating-point multiplier that computes the correctly rounded result for all representable floating-point values. This multiplier can be implemented in 2 clock cycles, whenever its adder tree fits in one clock cycle. For the same operation recent multiplier designs need at least 4 clock cycles including the pre and postprocessing for denormalized operands and multistep rounding for the support of different precisions. Our multiplier operates on an internal format that we introduce before. We discuss the changes that become necessary by the use of this format and the optimizations that are possible for the other arithmetic operations.
Simultaneous Multi-Layer Access (2016)

3D-stacked DRAM alleviates the limited memory bandwidth bottleneck that exists in modern systems by leveraging through silicon vias (TSVs) to deliver higher external memory channel bandwidth. Today’s systems, however, cannot fully utilize the higher bandwidth offered by TSVs, due to the limited internal bandwidth within each layer of the 3D-stacked DRAM. We identify that the bottleneck to enabling higher bandwidth in 3D-stacked DRAM is now the global bitline interface , the connection between the DRAM row buffer and the peripheral IO circuits. The global bitline interface consists of a limited and expensive set of wires and structures, called global bitlines and global sense amplifiers , whose high cost makes it difficult to simply scale up the bandwidth of the interface within a single DRAM layer in the 3D stack. We alleviate this bandwidth bottleneck by exploiting the observation that several global bitline interfaces already exist across the multiple DRAM layers in current 3D-stacked designs, but only a fraction of them are enabled at the same time. We propose a new 3D-stacked DRAM architecture, called Simultaneous Multi-Layer Access (SMLA), which increases the internal DRAM bandwidth by accessing multiple DRAM layers concurrently, thus making much greater use of the bandwidth that the TSVs offer. To avoid channel contention, the DRAM layers must coordinate with each other when simultaneously transferring data. We propose two approaches to coordination, both of which deliver four times the bandwidth for a four-layer DRAM, over a baseline that accesses only one layer at a time. Our first approach, Dedicated-IO, statically partitions the TSVs by assigning each layer to a dedicated set of TSVs that operate at a higher frequency. Unfortunately, Dedicated-IO requires a nonuniform design for each layer (increasing manufacturing costs), and its DRAM energy consumption scales linearly with the number of layers. Our second approach, Cascaded-IO, solves both issues by instead time multiplexing all of the TSVs across layers. Cascaded-IO reduces DRAM energy consumption by lowering the operating frequency of higher layers. Our evaluations show that SMLA provides significant performance improvement and energy reduction across a variety of workloads (55%/18% on average for multiprogrammed workloads, respectively) over a baseline 3D-stacked DRAM, with low overhead.
Interference between leucine, isoleucine and valine during intestinal absorption (1966)

1. The reciprocal interference between l-leucine, l-isoleucine and l-valine during absorption was studied in rats both in vivo and with an everted-sac preparation in vitro. 2. After feeding with the amino acids alone there was a considerable increase in their concentration in the intestinal lumen followed by a rapid disappearance, indicating efficient absorption. Absorption was reflected by a high concentration of the respective amino acids in the portal plasma. Isoleucine and valine inhibited the absorption of leucine, and leucine inhibited the absorption of isoleucine and valine. Inhibition of absorption by the interfering amino acid was generally partly overcome after 30-60min., probably through the absorption of the interfering amino acid. At that time the rise in the concentration of the amino acid in portal plasma began. 3. These results were confirmed by experiments in vitro: isoleucine and valine inhibited the absorption rate of leucine, and leucine that of isoleucine and valine. 4. Active absorption of amino acids was rapid at low concentrations and depressed at higher concentrations.
PIP <sub>2</sub> binding residues of Kir2.1 are common targets of mutations causing Andersen syndrome (2003)

The novel mutations corresponding to residues involved in Kir2.1 channel-PIP2 interactions presented here as well as the overall frequency of mutations occurring in these residues indicate that defects in PIP2 binding constitute a major pathogenic mechanism of ATS. Furthermore, screening KCNJ2 in patients with the complex phenotypes of ATS was found to be invaluable in establishing or confirming a disease diagnosis as mutations in this gene can be identified in the majority of patients.
A 1.57-GHz RF front-end for triple conversion GPS receiver (1998)

A low-power, 1.57 GHz RF front-end for a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver has been designed in a 1.0 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. It consists of a low noise amplifier with 15 dB of gain, a single balanced mixer with 6.3 mS of conversion g/sub m/, a Colpitts LC local oscillator, and an emitter coupled logic (ECL) divide-by-eight prescaler. This front-end has a single sideband (SSB) noise figure of 8.1 dB and is part of a triple conversion superheterodyne receiver whose IF frequencies are 179, 4.7, and 1.05 MHz. Low power consumption has been achieved, with 10.5 mA at 3 V supply voltage for the front-end, while the complete receiver is expected to draw about 12 mA.
모티프 자원에 대한 통합 접근 검색 메소드 구현 (2006)

Motif which is a recurrent feature shared by a significant segments from the proteins belonging to different families can be used to predict functional or structural properties of the protein, or to describe features common to biologically related proteins. Although there are many existed motif databases, they are unstandardized and built up by different methods. So it is difficult to get enough motif information when researches use motif databases for classification, prediction, etc. Using logical integration of biological based on cross-references between these databases is the common solution for information tracking through www. However, the problem such as the motif resource tracking method for making a united motif information page emerges from cross-reference.
In this paper we propose the motif resource tracking method based on the existed motif databases for easy and comfortable interface better than in the case of using each motif database. The result which is given by this method is the review of necessary information about any motif in PROSITE database.
Pyrroloquinoline and Pyridoacridine Alkaloids from Marine Sources (1999)

Marine organisms are a rich source for natural products. Pyrrolo[4,3, 2-de]quinolines and pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridines are of major interest as metabolites in sponges and ascidians. Many of these compounds have generated interest both as challenging problems for structure elucidation and synthesis as well as for their cytotoxicities. The isolation, structure proof, biological activities, chemical properties and synthesis have attracted the attention of chemists, biologists and pharmacists. The principal structural feature of these alkaloids is the core of a planar iminoquinone moiety which can intercalate into DNA and cleave the DNA double helix or inhibit the action of topoisomerase II. Of the makaluvamines, makaluvamine F and A are the most cytotoxic to the HCT 116 cell line. The enhanced toxicity of the makaluvamines towards xrs-6 cells shows that all of the makaluvamines, except makaluvamine B, act like m-AMSA and etoposide in inhibiting topo iso merases via cleavable complex formation, or via the direct induction of DNA double-strand breaks. They are also amongst the most potent inhibitors of topoisomerase II. Both makaluvamine A and C can decrease tumor size in a solid human tumor model. Discorhabdin A and C in contrast are of high cytotoxicity, but they exhibit no inhibition of topoisomerase II. As representatives of the derivatives of pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridine, cystodytins, kuanoniamines and diplamine are the most potent to inhibit HCT replication. Eilatin, as a 1,10-phenanthroline derivative, can form complexes with metal ions. It has been shown that these metal complexes can bind to DNA by intercalation. The new members of the pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolines and pyrido[4,3, 2-mn]acridines, such as veiutamine, discorhabdin G, tsitsikammamines, epinartins, arnoamines as well as sagitol are reviewed. Some successful syntheses of pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline ring system and pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridine ring system are also reviewed in this article.
Human beta2-glycoprotein I as an anticardiolipin cofactor determined using mutants expressed by a baculovirus system (1996)

beta2-Glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) consists of five repeats of a homologous domain. We designed a series of human beta2-GPI mutant genes, ie, three mutant genes lacking the domain(s) present in the NH2-terminal region and two of those present in the COOH-terminal region. These mutant genes were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (Sf9) infected with recombinant baculoviruses and the mutant proteins were secreted into the culture medium. The molecular mass of the purified mutant proteins, estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was fairly consistent with the size calculated from their nucleotide sequences. Binding of beta2-GPI to solid-phase cardiolipin (CL) was diminished by the deletion of the fifth domain (domain V) from its complete structure. Thus, the phospholipid binding site of beta2-GPI is located on its domain V. Monoclonal anti-CL antibodies (aCL) derived either from NZW x BXSB (WB) F1 mice or from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome bound directly to the domain V-deleted mutant protein (DI-IV) absorbed not only on an oxygenated but also on a plain polystyrene surface. We conclude from this study that the epitope for aCL is exposed on a conformationally changed structure of beta2-GPI by interacting with negatively charged phospholipid or on the mutant protein, DI-IV.
Parametric coding of speech spectra (1980)

We suggest that a class of speech coders can be designed from criteria that are perception-specific. Such a class represents a middle ground between ’’waveform’’ coders and speech-specific ’’source’’ coders. We argue that, within perceptually acceptable limits, a bandpass portion of a speech signal can be represented by its short-time spectral amplitude ‖ Sn ‖ and its phase derivative ?n. Both parameters are evaluated at the center frequency ωn of the passband whose spectral width is Wn rad/s. We show that the short-time spectral amplitude is identical to the Hilbert envelope An of the passband waveform. As a by-product, we show that the bandwidth occupied by both An2 and An2 ?n is the same as that for their parent bandpass signal, but their spectra are translated to the range 0 to Wn. No comparable statements can be adduced for An and ?n, but on practical grounds, we conjecture that useful low-pass limits of less than Wn/2 can be applied to both. Finally, we outline techniques to utilize the passband parameters An, ?n, An2 and An2 ?n in digital voice coding.