gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>as a Potential Cause of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (2001)

Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not generally considered as a cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, several cases of diarrhea caused by P. aeruginosa have been reported. We experienced seven cases of nosocomial diarrhea presumably caused by P. aeruginosa, which was the predominant organism isolated from stool cultures. Clostridium difficile toxin was also positive in one patient. No other potential or recognized enteropathogens were identified from stools. All patients had underlying diseases and had been receiving antibiotics before the diarrheal onset. All of the seven P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to previously given antibiotics. Diarrhea stopped three days after withdrawal of probable offending antibiotics without specific treatment in two patients. The other five patients having continuous diarrhea despite withdrawal of probable offending antibiotics, were successfully treated with antipseudomonal agents. The median duration of diarrhea after the initiation of treatment was 6.3 days. These data suggest that P. aeruginosa can be a potential cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the possible etiologic role of P. aeruginosa in antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Peak-power scaling of femtosecond Yb:Lu_2O_3 thin-disk lasers (2017)

We present a high-peak-power SESAM-modelocked thin-disk laser (TDL) based on the gain material Yb-doped lutetia (Yb:Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), which exceeds a peak-power of 10 MW for the first time. We generate pulses as short as 534 fs with an average power of 90 W and a peak power of 10.1 MW, and in addition a peak power as high as 12.3 MW with 616-fs pulses and 82-W average power. The center lasing wavelength is 1033 nm and the pulse repetition rates are around 10 MHz. We discuss and explain the current limitations with numerical models, which show that the current peak power is limited in soliton modelocking by the interplay of the gain bandwidth and the induced absorption in the SESAM with subsequent thermal lensing effects. We use our numerical model which is validated by the current experimental results to discuss a possible road map to scale the peak power into the 100-MW regime and at the same time reduce the pulse duration further to sub-200 fs. We consider Yb:Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as currently the most promising gain material for the combination of high peak power and short pulse duration in the thin-disk-laser geometry.
Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation via Minimax Entropy (2019)

Contemporary domain adaptation methods are very effective at aligning feature distributions of source and target domains without any target supervision. However, we show that these techniques perform poorly when even a few labeled examples are available in the target. To address this semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) setting, we propose a novel Minimax Entropy (MME) approach that adversarially optimizes an adaptive few-shot model. Our base model consists of a feature encoding network, followed by a classification layer that computes the features' similarity to estimated prototypes (representatives of each class). Adaptation is achieved by alternately maximizing the conditional entropy of unlabeled target data with respect to the classifier and minimizing it with respect to the feature encoder. We empirically demonstrate the superiority of our method over many baselines, including conventional feature alignment and few-shot methods, setting a new state of the art for SSDA.
Composition and functionality of commercial whey and milk protein concentrates and isolates: a status report (1990)

Progres de l'industrie laitiere pour ameliorer la qualite des produits a base de lait ou lactoserum. Etude des proprietes des produits: composition, solubilite, gelification et proprietes moussantes. Article de synthese
Laser‐based rut detection and following system for autonomous ground vehicles (2010)

Abstract An important off‐road driving rule is to keep the vehicle wheels in existing ruts when possible. Rut following has the following benefits: (1) it prevents the ruts from serving as obstacles that can lead to undesirable vehicle vibrations and even vehicle instability at high speeds; (2) it improves vehicle safety on turns by utilizing the extra lateral force provided by the ruts to reduce lateral slippage and guide the vehicle through its path; (3) it improves the vehicle energy efficiency by reducing the energy wasted on compacting the ground; and (4) it increases vehicle traction when traversing soft terrains such as mud, sand, and snow. This paper first presents a set of field experiments that illustrate the improved energy efficiency and traction obtained by rut following. Then, a laser‐based rut detection and following system is proposed so that autonomous ground vehicles can benefit from the application of this off‐road driving rule. The proposed system utilizes a path planning algorithm to aid in the rut detection process and an extended Kalman filter to recursively estimate the parameters of a local model of the rut being followed. Experimental evaluation on a Pioneer 3‐AT robot shows that the proposed system is capable of detecting and following ruts in a variety of scenarios. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low-loss and stable fiber-to-waveguide connection utilizing UV curable adhesive (1992)

A low-loss and stable fiber-to-waveguide connection was realized utilizing a newly developed UV curable epoxy resin which has improved humidity durability. The average connection loss was as low as 0.09 dB/point with a return loss of 46 dB. The loss increase was not observed after a heat-cycle test between -40 and 85 degrees C, a high-temperature test at 85 degrees C, or a low-temperature test at -40 degrees C. In a high-humidity test at 70 degrees C and 90% relative humidity, the loss increase was less than 0.2 dB after 400 h.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insights into High Affinity Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) Recognition by SUMO-interacting Motifs (SIMs) Revealed by a Combination of NMR and Peptide Array Analysis (2011)

The small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) regulate many essential cellular functions. Only one type of SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) has been identified that can extend the β-sheet of SUMO as either a parallel or an antiparallel strand. The molecular determinants of the bound orientation and paralogue specificity of a SIM are unclear. To address this question, we have conducted structural studies of SUMO1 in complex with a SUMO1-specific SIM that binds to SUMO1 with high affinity without post-translational modifications using nuclear magnetic resonance methods. In addition, the SIM sequence requirements have been investigated by peptide arrays in comparison with another high affinity SIM that binds in the opposing orientation. We found that antiparallel binding SIMs tolerate more diverse sequences, whereas the parallel binding SIMs prefer the more strict sequences consisting of (I/V)DLT that have a preference in high affinity SUMO2 and -3 binding. Comparison of two high affinity SUMO1-binding SIMs that bind in opposing orientations has revealed common SUMO1-specific interactions needed for high affinity binding. This study has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular determinants underlining SUMO-SIM recognition.
X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) Inhibits c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 (JNK1) Activation by Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) through Ubiquitin-mediated Proteosomal Degradation of the TGF-β1-activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) (2005)

Active NF-kappaB renders malignant hepatocytes refractory to the growth inhibitory and pro-apoptotic properties of transforming growth factorbeta1 (TGF-beta1). NF-kappaB counteracts TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of downstream target genes, such as XIAP and Bcl-X(L), which in turn inhibit the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In addition, induction of NF-kappaB by TGF-beta1 inhibits JNK signaling, thereby attenuating TGF-beta1-induced cell death of normal hepatocytes. However, the mechanism involved in the negative cross-talk between the NF-kappaB and JNK pathways during TGF-beta1 signaling has not been determined. In this study, we have identified the XIAP gene as one of the critical mediators of NF-kappaB-mediated suppression of JNK signaling. We show that NF-kappaB plays a role in the up-regulation of XIAP gene expression in response to TGF-beta1 treatment and forms a TGF-beta1-inducible complex with TAK1. Furthermore, we show that the RING domain of XIAP mediates TAK1 polyubiquitination, which then targets this molecule for proteosomal degradation. Down-regulation of TAK1 protein expression inhibits TGF-beta1-mediated activation of JNK and apoptosis. Conversely, silencing of XIAP promotes persistent JNK activation and potentiates TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our findings identify a novel mechanism for the regulation of JNK activity by NF-kappaB during TGF-beta1 signaling and raise the possibility that pharmacologic inhibition of the NF-kappaB/XIAP signaling pathway might selectively abolish the pro-oncogenic activity of TGF-beta1 in advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) without affecting the pro-apoptotic effects of TGF-beta1 involved in normal liver homeostasis.
<i>Loxosceles deserta</i>Spider Venom Induces NF-κB-Dependent Chemokine Production by Endothelial Cells (1999)

Loxosceles deserta venom induces synthesis of interleukin8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of chemokines occurs via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
Annealing of hydrogen-induced defects in RF-plasma-treated Si wafers: ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy studies (2011)

The smart-cut™ process is based on inducing and processing structural defects below the free surface of semiconductor wafers. The necessary defects are currently induced by implantation of light elements such as hydrogen or helium. An alternative softer way to induce shallow subsurface defects is by RF-plasma hydrogenation. To facilitate the smart-cut process, the wafers containing the induced defects need to be subjected to an appropriate thermal treatment. In our experiments, (0 0 1) Si wafers are submitted to 200 and 50 W hydrogen RF-plasma and are subsequently annealed. The samples are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), before and after annealing. The plasma-introduced defects are {1 1 1} and {1 0 0} planar-like defects and nanocavities, all of them involving hydrogen. Many nanocavities are aligned into strings almost parallel to the wafer surface. The annealing is performed either by furnace thermal treatment at 550 °C, or by in situ heating in the electron microscope at 450, 650 and 800 °C during the TEM observations. The TEM microstructural studies indicate a partial healing of the planar defects and a size increase of the nanometric cavities by a coalescence process of the small neighbouring nanocavities. By annealing, the lined up nanometric voids forming chains in the as-hydrogenated sample coalesced into well-defined cracks, mostly parallel to the wafer surface.
From bacterial killing to immune modulation: Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme (2017)

Lysozyme is a cornerstone of innate immunity. The canonical mechanism for bacterial killing by lysozyme occurs through the hydrolysis of cell wall peptidoglycan (PG). Conventional type (c-type) lysozymes are also highly cationic and can kill certain bacteria independently of PG hydrolytic activity. Reflecting the ongoing arms race between host and invading microorganisms, both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have evolved mechanisms to thwart killing by lysozyme. In addition to its direct antimicrobial role, more recent evidence has shown that lysozyme modulates the host immune response to infection. The degradation and lysis of bacteria by lysozyme enhance the release of bacterial products, including PG, that activate pattern recognition receptors in host cells. Yet paradoxically, lysozyme is important for the resolution of inflammation at mucosal sites. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the diverse mechanisms that bacteria use to protect themselves against lysozyme, the intriguing immunomodulatory function of lysozyme, and the relationship between these features in the context of infection.
Determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in biological fluids: a review. (1979)

We describe current procedures for measuring aminoglycoside antibiotics. Although many of these techniques are suitable for clinical adaptation, selection of a method for use in a clinical laboratory will depend on the budget and availability of equipment and expertise.
[Therapy of idiopathic and uremic restless legs syndrome]. (1996)

Sensory and motor symptoms of the limbs, motor restlessness and an urge to move only at rest are the characteristics of the restless legs syndrome (RLS), which often leads to severe sleep disturbances. The clinical diagnosis can be made on the basis of the typical history, normal neurological findings and, in some cases, a positive family history, and can be confirmed by polysomnography. The indication for treatment depends on the patient's discomfort and the severity of the sleep disturbances. L-DOPA is the treatment of first choice both in idiopathic and uremic RLS. A bedtime dose of 100-200 mg L-DOPA standard plus decarboxylase inhibitor is effective against mild and moderate sleep disturbances in RLS. Titration of the dosage and additional treatment with sustained-release preparations of L-DOPA should be applied individually. Opioids and dopamine agonists are effective alternative treatments in idiopathic RLS. Benzodiazepines are indicated only in individual cases. Besides L-DOPA, uremic RLS patients can be treated with opioids and benzodiazepines. Various approaches in the treatment of idiopathic and uremic RLS are reviewed and the practical management of therapy is outlined.
Weighted-Power-Mean Mixture Model:  Application to Multicomponent Liquid Viscosity (2007)

A multicomponent mixture may be viewed conceptually as a hypothetical collection of fluid clusters. In this context a mixture model is defined by prescriptions for (a) estimating fluid cluster properties and (b) combining them to yield an overall mixture property. A particularly flexible form is obtained using composition-weighted power means with the weighting based on global mole fractions. It predicts multicomponent properties from knowledge of pure component and binary mixture data. The classic quadratic Scheffé rational polynomials and the Wilson models are special cases. The model also generates a cubic Scheffé form for which ternary and higher coefficients can be expressed in terms of binary interactions. The binary-correlative and multicomponent-predictive capabilities of the model were evaluated for isothermal liquid viscosity data. A revised empirical mixing rule for liquid viscosity is proposed for systems where the constituent binaries show either convex or concave composition dependence.
Rare Earth Element: Is it a Necessity for PM Ti Alloys? (2012)

To lower the cost, Ti alloys fabricated by elemental powder metallurgy have been widely studied. High contents of oxygen and residual porosities are usually inevitable in as-sintered Ti alloys. Thus, rare earth elements are added to PM Ti alloys for scavenging of oxygen, increasing sintered density and strengthening the matrix. This paper reviews recent studies on the effects of rare earth elements (La and Y) on the densification behaviours, mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation resistance of PM Ti alloys. The improvement of room temperature ductility of PM Ti alloys through the addition of rare earth elements has been extensively confirmed. However, other benefits from rare earth additions depend largely on alloy compositions, processing parameters and environmental conditions.
Detection and Induction of CTLs Specific for SYT-SSX-Derived Peptides in HLA-A24+ Patients with Synovial Sarcoma (2002)

To investigate the immunogenic property of peptides derived from the synovial sarcoma-specific SYT-SSX fusion gene, we synthesized four peptides according to the binding motif for HLA-A24. The peptides, SS391 (PYGYDQIMPK) and SS393 (GYDQIMPKK), were derived from the breakpoint of SYT-SSX, and SS449a (AWTHRLRER) and SS449b (AWTHRLRERK) were from the SSX region. These peptides were tested for their reactivity with CTL precursors (CTLps) in 16 synovial sarcoma patients using HLA-A24/SYT-SSX peptide tetramers and also for induction of specific CTLs from four HLA-A24(+) synovial sarcoma patients. Tetramer analysis indicated that the increased CTLp frequency to the SYT-SSX was associated with pulmonary metastasis in synovial sarcoma patients (p < 0.03). CTLs were induced from PBLs of two synovial sarcoma patients using the peptide mixture of SS391 and SS393, which lysed HLA-A24(+) synovial sarcoma cells expressing SYT-SSX as well as the peptide-pulsed target cells in an HLA class I-restricted manner. These findings suggest that aberrantly expressed SYT-SSX gene products have primed SYT-SSX-specific CTLps in vivo and increased their frequency in synovial sarcoma patients. The identification of SYT-SSX peptides may offer an opportunity to design peptide-based immunotherapeutic approaches for HLA-A24(+) patients with synovial sarcoma.
Neurasthenic symptoms in workers occupationally exposed to jet fuel (1979)

Long-term exposure to petroleum distillation products (e.g. jet fuel) has been suggested to cause chronic mental and neurological symptoms. In the present "cross-sectional epidemiological study" the extent of neuropsychiatric ill-health in 30 workers exposed to jet fuel was compared with that in 60 non-exposed matched controls. Standardized medical interviews showed a higher occurrence of neurasthenic symptoms in exposed subjects (P less than 0.001). The result was confirmed by examination of the medical records kept by the factory physician (P less than 0.01). The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was assessed with a rating scale of 37 items (a modified CPRS). Again, the exposed workers scored higher than the controls (P less than 0.001), particularly regarding the neurasthenic symptoms, i.e. fatigue, anxiety, mood changes, memory difficulties, and various psychosomatic symptoms (P less than 0.01). The results could neither be explained by observer's bias, nor by a greater susceptibility for mental disorders in the exposed subjects. We therefore conclude that occupational exposure to jet fuel vapours around the present threshold limit values may induce a neurasthenic syndrome.
<i>In vitro</i> antibacterial and cytotoxicity assay of multilayered polyelectrolyte‐functionalized stainless steel (2005)

Infection of implanted materials by bacteria constitutes one of the most serious complications following prosthetic and implant surgery. In the present study, a new strategy for confering stainless steel with antibacterial property via the alternate deposition of quaternized polyethylenimine (PEI) or quaternized polyethylenimine-silver complex and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was investigated. The success of the deposition of the polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) and its chemical nature was investigated by static water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The antibacterial activity was assessed using Escherichia coli (E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, a gram-positive bacterium). The inhibition of E. coli and S aureus growth on the surface of functionalized films was clearly shown using the LIVE/DEAD Baclight bacterial viability kits and fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the PEM to mammalian cells, evaluated by the MTT assay, was shown to be minimal and long-term antibacterial efficacy can be maintained. These results indicate new possibilities for the use of such easily built and functionalized architectures for the functionalization of surfaces of implanted medical devices.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Cobalt Ferrites/SBA-15 Nanocomposite Adsorbents and the Removal of Methylene Blue (2017)

In this paper, ordered mesoporous SBA-15 silica was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and then a series of CoFe 2 O 4 /SBA-15 nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile impregnation method. X-ray diffraction and N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were used to characterize the microstructure and morphology of SBA-15 and CoFe 2 O 4 /SBA-15 nanocomposites. CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles presented spinel phase structure and existed in the mesopores of SBA-15. The magnetic response of CoFe 2 O 4 /SBA-15 nanocomposites was characterized with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The adsorption efficiency of CoFe 2 O 4 /SBA-15 nanocomposites for methylene blue increased firstly with the increasing CoFe 2 O 4 content, and then decreased. Sample-2 (SBA-15: CoFe 2 O[Formula: see text]: 0.1 in the precursor) not only presented the best adsorptive performance, but also could be separated and retrieved effectively by magnetic separation technique.
Electron Microscopic Observations on the Excretion of Cell-wall Material by Vibrio cholerae (1967)

SUMMARY Thin sections of Vibrio cholerae harvested during the logarithmic phase of growth in alkaline peptone water or in syncase medium have revealed an excretion process of the cell wall in the form of bulging out and pinching-off of portions. An identical phenomenon has also been revealed in cells harvested after a short period of incubation (1·5 hr) in glucose saline solution at 37°. Particles closely resembling the pinched-off cell-wall structures have been detected by metal shadowing and negative staining techniques in the bacteria-free filtrates of the log phase cultures (in both media) and the glucose saline incubation medium. These particles are in the range 400–1100 A in size with a maximum frequency in the range 600–800 A. No similar cell-wall changes have been detected in vibrios-harvested from the stationary phase of growth in any of the culture media, nor in vibrios undergoing plasmolysis. Turbidimetric tests revealed no significant lysis of the vibrios when harvested during the logarithmic growth phase and incubated for several hours in saline or in Kellenberger buffer as compared to the lysis detected in distilled water. It is suggested that the cell-wall process described represents an excretory mechanism of V. cholerae, and the nature of the products released by the young vibrios and their probable relation with cholera toxin is discussed.
Badnaviruses: The Current Global Scenario (2016)

Badnaviruses (Family: Caulimoviridae; Genus: Badnavirus) are non-enveloped bacilliform DNA viruses with a monopartite genome containing about 7.2 to 9.2 kb of dsDNA with three to seven open reading frames. They are transmitted by mealybugs and a few species by aphids in a semi-persistent manner. They are one of the most important plant virus groups and have emerged as serious pathogens affecting the cultivation of several horticultural crops in the tropics, especially banana, black pepper, cocoa, citrus, sugarcane, taro, and yam. Some badnaviruses are also known as endogenous viruses integrated into their host genomes and a few such endogenous viruses can be awakened, e.g., through abiotic stress, giving rise to infective episomal forms. The presence of endogenous badnaviruses poses a new challenge for the fool-proof diagnosis, taxonomy, and management of the diseases. The present review aims to highlight emerging disease problems, virus characteristics, transmission, and diagnosis of badnaviruses.