gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cobalt-catalyzed one-step assembly of B-ring aromatic steroids from acyclic precursors (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobalt-catalyzed one-step assembly of B-ring aromatic steroids from acyclic precursorsStewart H. Lecker, Nhan H. Nguyen, and K. Peter C. VollhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4, 856–858Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00264a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00264a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Endometriosis: appearance and detection at MR imaging. (1989)

Thirty-nine magnetic resonance (MR) studies were performed on 31 women with surgically proved endometriosis. A total of 88 endometriotic lesions ranging in size from 0.2 to 7.5 cm were detected on 24 of 30 MR images of women. The signal intensities ranged from hyperintense on all pulse sequences (41 of 88) to hypointense on all sequences (24 of 88); the remainder demonstrated signal intensities corresponding to the appearances of acute, subacute, and chronic hematomas. Hypointense or signal-void rims on both T1- and T2-weighted images were detected in 35 lesions. Identification of the disease with MR imaging versus concurrent surgery was compared for 76 sites in 19 patients. Findings were true-positive in 24 cases, false-negative in ten, true-negative in 32, and false-positive in seven, resulting in an MR sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 82%. Adhesions obscured the disease at laparoscopy in three patients. MR imaging cannot be used as a substitute for laparoscopy in the definitive diagnosis or staging of endometriosis. However, it can be used to monitor treatment response in place of laparoscopy once a diagnosis is firmly established.
LONG-TERM SEIZURE OUTCOME IN REOPERATION AFTER FAILURE OF EPILEPSY SURGERY (2007)

Reoperation should be considered in selected patients failing epilepsy resective surgery because approximately 50% of patients may have benefit. Patients with cortical dysplasia and mesial temporal sclerosis are less likely to improve after reoperation.
Comparison of 18F‐FDG uptake by Right Ventricular Myocardium in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease (2012)

This study measured glucose uptake in the right ventricle (RV) of patients with pulmonary hypertension and investigated the relationship to hemodynamics and survival. Myocardial 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake was measured using single-photon positron emission tomography (SPECT) in 24 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and 43 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). In both IPAH and CHD-PAH, RV FDG uptake (RV/LV ratio) was associated with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). A second SPECT scan was performed in nine patients after 6 months treatment with sildenafil. PVR decreased from 1683±426 to 1207±383 dyn s(-1) cm(-5) (P < 0.05) and cardiac index improved from 2.2±0.2 to 2.8±0.5 L/min/m(2) (P < 0.01). RV/LV FDG uptake decreased from 1.28±0.32 before treatment to 0.99±0.23 (P < 0.05). Survival in the IPAH group with a baseline RV/LV FDG uptake greater than the median value of 1.20 was significantly lower than that of the group with RV/LV FDG uptake below 1.20 (log-rank test, P < 0.05). In contrast, baseline RV/LV FDG was of little informative value in CHD. FDG uptake by the RV reflects the severity of PVR in PAH. Increased RV FDG uptake is a marker of poor prognosis in IPAH and is reduced in patients receiving effective therapy. It could prove useful in the early clinical assessment of novel therapies for PAH.
Data parallel Haskell (2007)

We describe the design and current status of our effort to implement the programming model of nested data parallelism into the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. We extended the original programming model and its implementation, both of which were first popularised by the NESL language, in terms of expressiveness as well as efficiency. Our current aim is to provide a convenient programming environment for SMP parallelism, and especially multicore architectures. Preliminary benchmarks show that we are, at least for some programs, able to achieve good absolute performance and excellent speedups.
THE NUCLEAR PERFORMANCE OF THE SAXTON PARTIAL PLUTONIUM CORE. (1969)

A family of anti-apoptotic regulators known as inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins block cell death in response to diverse stimuli. In spite of the fact that cellular IAP1 and 2 (c-IAP1 and 2) were discovered more than 12 years ago, their physiological roles have remained obscure. Several molecular mechanisms were proposed to explain their anti-apoptotic activity, ranging from direct inhibition and ubiquitination of pro-apoptotic molecules, to the activation of pro-survival signaling. New findings present a surprising and complex twists. On the one hand, cIAP1 and c-IAP2 suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFalpha) stimulated cell death by preventing formation of the TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) pro-apoptotic signaling complex. On the other hand, they regulate pro-survival NFkappaB signaling pathways: in the non-canonical pathway, by ubiquitination of NFkappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), and in the canonical pathway, by a yet-to-be-defined mechanism. In addition, c-IAPs self-regulate their protein levels through RING domain mediated auto-ubiquitination. Here, we discuss the most recent progress in our understanding of the biological roles of c-IAPs, as well as the implications of targeting c-IAPs for therapeutic intervention.
Efficiency limits of Si/SiO2 quantum well solar cells from first-principles calculations (2009)

In order to investigate the applicability of new photovoltaic absorber materials, we show how to use first-principles calculations combined with device simulations to determine the efficiency limits of solar cells made from SiO2/Si superlattices and from coaxial ZnO/ZnS nanowires. Efficiency limits are calculated for ideal systems according to the Shockley–Queisser theory but also for more realistic devices with finite mobilities, nonradiative lifetimes, and absorption coefficients. Thereby, we identify the critical values for mobility and lifetime that are required for efficient single junction as well as tandem solar cells.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2]-Cyclo(co)trimerization Reactions (2012)

Transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclo(co)trimerization reactions are a powerful methodology to synthesize various complex multi-substituted (poly)cyclic molecules in a single step with optimal atom efficiency. Ever since the discovery, the reaction has been plagued by issues concerning regio- and chemoselectivity. Over the last decades many advances have been made to overcome these issues by, for example, employing regio-directing groups or tethering the reaction partners together in an intramolecular approach. These solutions, however, have certain limitations. Nowadays, it is also possible to synthesize chiral molecules by performing an asymmetric transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2]-cyclo(co)trimerization reaction. This review focuses on the recent advances in mechanistic insight, solving the regioselectivity issue, synthesis of chiral molecules and alternative approaches for the synthesis of substituted benzenes, pyridines and 2-pyridones. In addition, recent applications in areas such as total synthesis of natural products are also described, demonstrating that the transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2]-cyclo(co)trimerization reaction is a powerful tool and a welcome addition to the chemist’s ‘synthetic toolbox’. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives 2.1 Mechanistic Insight 2.2 Regioselectivity 2.3 Synthesis of Chiral Systems 2.4 Other [2+2+2] Approaches 2.5 Synthesis of (Iso)quinolines 3 Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives 3.1 Mechanistic Insight 3.2 Regioselectivity 3.3 Synthesis of Chiral Systems 4 Synthesis of Pyridone Derivatives 4.1 Mechanistic Insight 4.2 Regioselectivity 4.3 Synthesis of Chiral Systems 5 Applications 6 Future Directions 7 Conclusion
Role of Colonization of the Upper Intestinal Tract in the Pathogenesis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (1997)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of VAP. However, the literature on this topic is full of contradictory evidence. In the present review, we critically assess the existence and importance of the gastropulmonary route of colonization in the pathogenesis of VAP, and we analyze the differences between studies that show different results. Several preventive regimens (e.g., the use of sucralfate for stress ulcer prophylaxis and modulation of enteral feeding) have been used to prevent gastric colonization and decrease the incidence of VAP. However, none of these regimens has been demonstrated to be unequivocally beneficial. Moreover, recent analyses of the sequences of colonization in patients who develop VAP suggest that gastric colonization may be less important in the pathogenesis of VAP than has been assumed. As a result, the impact of other routes of colonization such as cross-colonization or transfer of rectal bacteria via the skin or other vectors to the respiratory tract may have been underestimated. Knowledge of the relative importance of each of these possible routes of colonization is essential for developing effective measures to prevent VAP.
Efficacy of systemic adoptive transfer immunotherapy targeting NY-ESO-1 for glioblastoma (2015)

These results reveal an innovative, clinically feasible strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Regulation of the erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF) gene promoter by the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. (1994)

Erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF) is an erythroid-specific transcription factor that binds a CACCC motif found in the human beta-globin gene promoter. We have studied the promoter of the EKLF gene and identified binding sites for the transcription factors GATA-1 and CCAAT-binding Protein 1 (CP1). We show that both types of binding sites are required for full activity, and that the GATA motif at -60 is essential. The EKLF promoter can be directly activated in nonerythroid cells in cotransfection experiments by forced expression of GATA-1. These results suggest that EKLF is dependent on GATA-1 for its expression and lies downstream of, or coincident with, GATA-1 in a regulatory hierarchy in erythroid development.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in benign and malignant cutaneous melanocytic lesions (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and plays an important role in tumour growth. In this study, inducible NOS (iNOS) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 34 melanocytic naevi (13 common melanocytic naevi, six Spitz naevi, and 15 so-called 'dysplastic naevi'), ten cutaneous melanomas in situ, 50 stage I invasive melanomas, and eight subcutaneous metastases of melanoma. In addition, four samples of melanocytic naevi and four samples of invasive melanomas were collected in order to perform western blot and northern blot analysis. By immunohistochemistry, melanocytic naevi never expressed iNOS. Among cases of melanoma in situ, two were negative, seven displayed staining in less than 20% of melanoma cells, and positivity was observed in 21-50% of melanoma cells in only one case. iNOS expression was detected in 46 out of 50 invasive melanomas (92%). Among these cases, 18 showed positivity in less than 20% of melanoma cells, 18 showed positivity in 21-50% of melanoma cells, and ten showed iNOS expression in more than 50% of cells. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in iNOS expression between melanocytic naevi and cutaneous melanomas (p<0.001). In addition, iNOS expression was significantly higher in invasive melanomas than in melanomas in situ (p=0.01). Among primary cutaneous melanomas, no significant correlation was found between iNOS expression and histopathological parameters (histotype, level, thickness and presence of regression/inflammatory infiltrate) and disease-specific survival. In subcutaneous melanoma metastases, iNOS expression was diffuse in more than 50% of cells. Statistical analysis revealed that subcutaneous melanoma metastases showed greater iNOS immunoreactivity than invasive melanomas (p=0.02). Molecular analyses confirmed that iNOS mRNA and protein were highly expressed in melanoma samples. In conclusion, iNOS was constantly absent in melanocytic naevi, whereas it was frequently expressed in melanomas, with up-regulation of the enzyme paralleling tumour progression. These data suggest that iNOS may play a role in the malignant transformation of melanocytes and in tumour growth. In addition, iNOS may be useful as an immunohistochemical marker for malignant melanocytic lesions.
Application of AMR based on powerline communication in outage management system (2009)

At present power company challenge is how to quickly and effectually implement outage management, the upgrade of both metering technology and communication system makes the development of automated meter reading (AMR) systems possible. Signals from automated meters can provide extra information for outage detection and decision processing as well as restoration phases of outage management. In this paper an algorithm efficiently using available information from distribution network supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and AMR systems based on power line communication (PLC) to locate outage sources is presented. Using the polling characteristic of AMR based on PLC can identify the scope of outage, by polling these meters adjacent to the meter with a trouble call, the customers affected by outage can be identified; by upstream tracing the connectivity of trouble calls to find a common point, outage locations can be identified. Using AMR in outage management system (OMS) can bring enormous profits to power industry, it reduces electric utility's cost, shortens outage duration and improves consumer's satisfaction.
Bi-directional entire frame recovery in MDC video streaming (2006)

In video streaming over error prone networks, the loss of a packet usually results in the loss of a whole frame which leads to severe degradation of the subsequent frames. In this paper, this problem is combated by combining MDC (multiple description coding) with a novel error concealment algorithm for entire frame losses. The proposed block based bi-directional frame recovery algorithm exploits information in motion vectors and reconstructed images of the previous and next frames to extrapolate the blocks of the lost frame. The simulation results show that our block-based bi-directional weighted motion-vector-extrapolation (BW-MVE) algorithm obviously outperforms the existing methods by 2.52/spl sim/4.88 dB. Moreover, the proposed scheme of MDC with BW-MVE introduces a promising approach for error resilient video streaming over the Internet.
See the Sound, Hear the Pixels (2020)

For every event occurring in the real world, most often a sound is associated with the corresponding visual scene. Humans possess an inherent ability to automatically map the audio content with visual scenes leading to an effortless and enhanced understanding of the underlying event. This triggers an interesting question: Can this natural correspondence between video and audio, which has been diminutively explored so far, be learned by a machine and modeled jointly to localize the sound source in a visual scene? In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that addresses the problem of localizing sound source in unconstrained videos, which uses efficient fusion and attention mechanisms. Two novel blocks namely, Audio Visual Fusion Block (AVFB) and Segment-Wise Attention Block (SWAB) have been developed for this purpose. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that it is feasible to use the same algorithm with minor modifications to serve the purpose of sound localization using three different types of learning: supervised, weakly supervised and unsupervised. A novel Audio Visual Triplet Gram Matrix Loss (AVTGML) has been proposed as a loss function to learn the localization in an unsupervised way. Our empirical evaluations demonstrate a significant increase in performance over the existing state-of-the-art methods, serving as a testimony to the superiority of our proposed approach.
A distinctive family of embryonic protein-tyrosine kinase receptors. (1990)

Two closely related protein-tyrosine kinases with the characteristics of growth factor receptors were identified by screening a chicken embryo cDNA expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and were designated Cek2 and Cek3 (chicken embryo kinases 2 and 3). Cek2 and Cek3 are structurally related to Cek1, a chicken basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, and presumably represent receptors for basic fibroblast growth factor-related molecules. The identification of Cek2 and Cek3 establishes the existence of a family of protein-tyrosine kinases that includes Cek1 and that is likely to be implicated in the control of developmental processes. Among protein-tyrosine kinases, this family of receptors, which may include other as yet unknown members, is most closely related to the protooncogene product Ret and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family.
The effect of aluminium compounds in the copolymerization of ethylene / α‐olefins (1995)

Abstract Two types of copolymerizations were found with the catalyst system Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO. One was a less exothermic reaction, and another was a more exothermic one. The former provided a polymer with a single composition distribution because of a single cationic active site. The latter provided a polymer with a bimodal composition distribution, indicating the existence of two active sites. The two active sites were investigated through the comparison of MAO systems and alkylaluminium / borate systems. We speculated that the two active sites were the normal cationic site and the active site where the interaction between a cationic metallocene and an aluminium compound was strong.
Implementation and Evaluation of the Service Peer Discovery Protocol (2004)

This document is the final report of the master's thesis Implementation and Evuation of the Service Peer Discovery Protocol, carried out at the Center for Wireess Systems, KTH, Stockholm. This th ...
The Orientation Model for Frequency Assignment Problems (1998)

Mobile telecommunication systems establish a large number of communication links with a limited number of available frequencies; reuse of the same or adjacent frequencies on neighboring links causes interference. The task to find an assignment of frequencies to channels with minimal interference is the frequency assignment problem. The frequency assignment problem is usually treated as a graph coloring problem where the number of colors is minimized, but this approach does not model interference minimization correctly. We give in this paper a new integer programming formulation of the frequency assignment problem, the orientation model, and develop a heuristic two-stage method to solve it. The algorithm iteratively solves an outer and an inner optimization problem. The outer problem decides for each pair of communication links which link gets the higher frequency and leads to an acyclic subdigraph problem with additional longest path restrictions. The inner problem to find an optimal assignment respecting an orientation leads to a min-cost flow problem.
Mutants of Escherichia coli defective in membrane phospholipid synthesis. Phenotypic suppression of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase Km mutants by loss of feedback inhibition of the biosynthetic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (1975)

Revertants of Escherichia coli mutants defective in the first enzyme of membrane phospholipid synthesis, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-P) acyltransferase, were investigated. These glycerol-P acyltransferase mutants, selected as glycerol-P auxotrophs, contained membranous glycerol-P acyltransferase activity with an apparent Km for glycerol-P 10 times higher than the parental activity. The glycerol-P acyltransferase activity was also more thermolabile in vitro than the parental activity. Most revertants no longer requiring glycerol-P for growth regained glycerol-P acyltransferase activity of normal thermolability and apparent Km for glycerol-P. However, two novel revertants were isolated which retained an abnormal glycerol-P acyltransferase activity. The glycerol-P dehydrogenase activities of these novel revertants were about 20-fold less sensitive to feedback inhibition by glycerol-P. The feedback-resistant glycerol-P dehydrogenase co-transduced with gpsA, the structural gene for the glycerol-P dehydrogenase. Further transduction experiments demonstrated that the feedback resistant glycerol-P dehydrogenase phenotypically suppressed the glycerol-P acyltransferase Km lesion. The existence of the class of glycerol-P auxotrophs which owe their phenotype to the glycerol-P acyltransferase Km lesion therefore depends on the feedback regulation of glycerol-P synthesis in E. coli.
Identification of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Response Elements from the Nopaline Synthase (nos) Promoter (1993)

Transgenic tobacco plants carrying a fusion between the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene (cat) were studied for their inducibility by salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatments. Either chemical significantly increased CAT activity to a level much higher than that achieved by wounding. Northern blot analysis showed a corresponding increase in mRNA levels. After 20 h of induction of flowering plants, the response to MJ treatment was weaker in old leaves compared with young leaves, whereas the SA response was stronger in old leaves. Kinetic experiments showed that the SA response was much faster than the MJ response, suggesting that the induction mechanism of the nos promoter by these chemicals may differ. Deletion analysis showed that both SA and MJ responses require the DNA sequence between -119 and -112 from the transcription initiation site. This region contains the hexamer sequence (TGACGT) that has been found to be an important regulatory element for several promoters. The MJ response was also reduced by deletions of the CAAT box region or the sequence between -112 and -101, whereas the SA response was not significantly affected by these deletions. This suggests that the nos upstream region containing the hexamer motif is essential for the SA or MJ response and that the CAAT box region and the sequence immediately downstream from the hexamer motif are required for maximum induction by MJ.