gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Battery Cooling System for Hybrid Electric Aircraft (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3138.vid A Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) for a hybrid electric aircraft is designed. Hot day take-off conditions are assumed, resulting in an ambient temperature higher than the allowed battery temperature. Thus, a heat pump has to be employed in the BTMS. All available heat pump technologies are assessed and compared. In a qualitative down-selection process, Thermoelectric Cooling is chosen as heat pump technology. A numerical model of the Thermoelectric Modules (TEM), as well as a finned ram-air heat exchanger with a puller fan (HEX) as a heat sink, and a simple heat pipe model for heat acquisition from the battery are developed. Sensitivity analyses of the TEM and HEX models are conducted for comprehension of the relevant design variables. Finally, a BTMS is designed and optimized for 19-seat hybrid electric aircraft with an all electric design mission and a combustion engine for range extension. The temperature deviation from the International Standard Atmosphere, the battery operating temperature and the battery efficiency span a three-dimensional design space rather than being defined to three discrete values. The most adverse combination of these three parameters results in an optimized BTMS that increases the maximum take-off mass of the aircraft by 16 % without the consideration of any snowball effects, whereas the most advantageous combination leads to a 2 % increase.
SUBJECTIVE IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH CARBAMAZEPINE (TEGRETOL) FOR A SUBPOPULATION OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES (2000)

Over a 3-yr period, 19 patients who had sustained brain traumas during motor vehicle incidents and who exhibited abnormal scores for a dichotic word-listening task and Roberts' Epileptic Spectrum Disorder Inventory more than one year after the injury were recommended for treatment with carbamazepine (Tegretol). The psychiatric profile of these patients, as defined by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, was similar to the profile of patients from other studies who had displayed more objective improvement following this treatment. Of the 14 patients 12 who followed the recommendation retrospectively reported that within a few weeks after treatment they experienced marked reductions in the incidence of sudden confusion and depression, increased attention and focus and either elimination or attenuation of an aversive sensed presence. Such results suggest that many of the debilitating symptoms that persist for months to years after a traumatic brain injury may be electrical in nature rather than due to "psychological responses" and might be treatable by appropriate dosages of carbamazepine or other, e.g., Gabapentin (Neurontin) antiepileptic compounds.
Direct measurements of methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells in Pennsylvania (2014)

Abandoned oil and gas wells provide a potential pathway for subsurface migration and emissions of methane and other fluids to the atmosphere. Little is known about methane fluxes from the millions of abandoned wells that exist in the United States. Here, we report direct measurements of methane fluxes from abandoned oil and gas wells in Pennsylvania, using static flux chambers. A total of 42 and 52 direct measurements were made at wells and at locations near the wells ("controls") in forested, wetland, grassland, and river areas in July, August, October 2013 and January 2014, respectively. The mean methane flow rates at these well locations were 0.27 kg/d/well, and the mean methane flow rate at the control locations was 4.5 × 10(-6) kg/d/location. Three out of the 19 measured wells were high emitters that had methane flow rates that were three orders of magnitude larger than the median flow rate of 1.3 × 10(-3) kg/d/well. Assuming the mean flow rate found here is representative of all abandoned wells in Pennsylvania, we scaled the methane emissions to be 4-7% of estimated total anthropogenic methane emissions in Pennsylvania. The presence of ethane, propane, and n-butane, along with the methane isotopic composition, indicate that the emitted methane is predominantly of thermogenic origin. These measurements show that methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells can be significant. The research required to quantify these emissions nationally should be undertaken so they can be accurately described and included in greenhouse gas emissions inventories.
Reluctance motor drive based on fuzzy logic (2002)

This paper presents an application of fuzzy logic to control the speed of a switched reluctance motor (SRM). Based on the analysis of the SRM's transient response, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is developed. The FLC generates the variations of the reference current (or reference torque) of the SRM speed control, based on the speed error and its change. The results of applying the FLC are compared to those obtained by the application of a conventional PI controller. The FLC provides a better response than the PI controller.
Visual Relationship Detection Based on Local Feature and Context Feature (2018)

Visual Relationship Detection(VRD) is one of the key tasks in computer vision and plays an important role in image understanding. The aim of VRD is to detect the relationship between objects in the input image and then to generate a number of relationship triples, namely <;subject, predicate, object>. Previous works on this task usually used the union box of the subject and object to predict the predicate by Convolution Neural Network(CNN). However only the local information in the image is not enough to predict effectively. So we combined the local information, the context information and statistical dependency together into an end-to-end model to do VRD task. Experiments shows that our methods can improve the precision of prediction.
Heat shock protein 27 kDa expression and phosphorylation regulates endothelial cell migration (1998)

The effects of enhanced HSP27 expression or expression of a nonphosphorylatable form of HSP27 on the migration of bovine arterial endothelial cells was assessed. Expression of the wild-type protein enhanced migration by twofold compared to control transfectants, whereas expression of the mutant protein retarded migration by 40%. Since homologs of the small heat shock protein inhibit F-actin polymerization in vitro and may alter basolateral F-actin content in vivo, it was postulated that the 27 kDa heat shock protein affects microfilament extension essential for cell motility. Expression of the wild-type protein promoted the generation of long cellular extensions, whereas expression of the dominant negative mutant protein resulted in a marked reduction of lamellipodia and generated aberrant microfilament morphology at the wound edge. Immunofluorescence combined with phalloidin staining demonstrated the colocalization of the HSP27 gene products with lamellipodial microfilament structures. These data suggest that the 27 kDa heat shock protein regulates migration by affecting the generation lamellipodia microfilaments.
Emerging applications requiring precision time and frequency (2009)

Numerous commercial and military applications utilize precision quartz oscillators and/or atomic frequency standards to generate super-accurate frequencies and time signals crucial to system performance. Examples where precise time and frequency is essential are telecommunications, drilling for natural resources, synchronizing railroads, satellite ground stations, laboratory standards and various others. In military applications precise time and frequency is essential for synchronizing communications, for radar applications, for emitter locators and other. In this paper, we will present precision quartz oscillator and/or rubidium vapor atomic oscillator applications as well as data that demonstrates achieved performance for synchronizing DVB-T, UMTS-FDD, TDD, WiMAX and LTE communications, for seismic methods while drilling for natural resources in challenging environments, for beamforming in satellite ground stations, for synchronizing military communications that require time errors less than 500 ns in 24 hours holdover during severe temperature changes and for various other applications.
Early, prolonged use of postnatal antibiotics increased the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (2010)

Are prolonged courses of antibiotics in early postnatal life associated with increased rates of necrotising enterocolits?

### Design

Retrospective cohort study within an ongoing multicentre registry.

### Setting

Nineteen tertiary neonatal units of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network, USA.

### Patients

Four thousand and thirty-nine extremely low–birth-weight (ELBW; 401–1000 g) babies born in the centres between 1998 and 2001 who survived 5 days or more were included in the study. Babies with major abnormalities (n=80) and proven sepsis within 72 h of birth were excluded.

Four hundred and forty babies developed necrotising enterocolitis (NEC); 919 babies either died or developed NEC.

Prolonged (>5day) courses of antibiotics were administered to 2147 infants.

Babies who had not received immediate postnatal antibiotics were excluded from the analysis.

### Risk factors

Gestational age, small-for-gestational age status, sex, maternal race, 5-min Apgar score, prolonged rupture of membranes, location of birth (outborn and study centre), prenatal steroid treatment, intrapartum antibiotic treatment, maternal hypertension, maternal haemorrhage and multiple birth (table 1).

View this table:

Table 1 
Risk of NEC, death …
PYREXIA: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND USE OF HERBAL DRUGS (2016)

Fever is defined as a increase in body temperature (>99C) due to derangemnet of heat mechanism in brain which is known as temperature set point. Fever can be caused by virus, bacteria, microorganism which produce pyrogen. In fever blood pressure, pulse rate, cardiac output, respiration is increase. Anti-pyretic words derived from two word Anti-against & Pyretic-Pertaining to fever. Fever can be treated by traditional drugs. A variety of ethanomedical plants are available in India which are used as antipyretic such as bhringraj, tulsi, liquorice, shatavri, black papper, menthol, kantkari, chirata, barberry etc. In this review we explain how these plants are effective to cure fever has been study in various labs. We also explain which solvents are used to obtain the main constituents which is used as a antipyretic.
Bifunctional Compounds for Controlling Metal-Mediated Aggregation of the Aβ<sub>42</sub>Peptide (2012)

Abnormal interactions of Cu and Zn ions with the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide are proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disruption of these metal-peptide interactions using chemical agents holds considerable promise as a therapeutic strategy to combat this incurable disease. Reported herein are two bifunctional compounds (BFCs) L1 and L2 that contain both amyloid-binding and metal-chelating molecular motifs. Both L1 and L2 exhibit high stability constants for Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) and thus are good chelators for these metal ions. In addition, L1 and L2 show strong affinity toward Aβ species. Both compounds are efficient inhibitors of the metal-mediated aggregation of the Aβ(42) peptide and promote disaggregation of amyloid fibrils, as observed by ThT fluorescence, native gel electrophoresis/Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interestingly, the formation of soluble Aβ(42) oligomers in the presence of metal ions and BFCs leads to an increased cellular toxicity. These results suggest that for the Aβ(42) peptide-in contrast to the Aβ(40) peptide-the previously employed strategy of inhibiting Aβ aggregation and promoting amyloid fibril dissagregation may not be optimal for the development of potential AD therapeutics, due to formation of neurotoxic soluble Aβ(42) oligomers.
Inapproximability of Treewidth, One-Shot Pebbling, and Related Layout Problems (2011)

We study the approximability of a number of graph problems: treewidth and pathwidth of graphs, one-shot black (and black-white) pebbling costs of directed acyclic graphs, and a variety of different graph layout problems such as minimum cut linear arrangement and interval graph completion. We show that, assuming the recently introduced Small Set Expansion Conjecture, all of these problems are hard to approximate within any constant factor.
Development of a Bioassay for Anti Tumor Activity of Biological Response Modifiers of the Reticuloendothelial Stimulant Class: Reproducibility of the Bioassay (1981)

Intravenously administered DiLuzio glucan, Wellcome C. parvum, and Glaxo BCG caused dose dependent increases in the tumor cell loss from the lungs of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice challenged respectively with intravenous 125IuDR labelled B16 or T 1699 mammary carcinoma cells. The results were reproducible with respect to the optimal doses and the magnitudes and shapes of the dose response curves.
Enhanced Lasing Properties of Dissymmetric Eu(III) Complex with Bidentate Phosphine Ligands (2007)

The luminescent and lasing properties of Eu(III) complexes were enhanced by using an dissymmetric Eu(III) complex. The photophysical properties (the emission spectral shapes, the emission lifetimes, the emission quantum yields, and the stimulated emission cross section (SEC)) were found to be dependent on the geometrical structures of Eu(III) complexes. The geometrical structures of Eu(III) complexes were determined by X-ray single crystal analyses. The symmetrical group of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) (tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide)) was found to be C1, which was more dissymmetric than Eu(hfa)3(TPPO)2 (tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) 1,2-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide): C2 symmetry) and Eu(hfa)3(OPPO)2 (tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) 1,2-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide): C2 symmetry). The analytical data were supported by Judd-Ofelt analysis. The most dissymmetrical Eu(III) complex, Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO), showed large electron transition probability and large SEC (4.64 x 10(-20) cm2). The SEC of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) was superior to even the values of Nd-glass laser for practical use (1.6-4.5 x 10(-20) cm2). The lasing properties of Eu(III) complexes in polymer thin film were measured by photopumping of a Nd:YAG laser (355 nm). The threshold energy of lasing oscillation was found to be 0.05 mJ. The increasing rate of the lasing intensity of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) as a function of the excitation energy was much larger than that of Eu(hfa)3(TPPO)2 and Eu(hfa)3(OPPO)2. The dissymmetrical structure of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) promoted the enhancement of the lasing property.
TITRATION OF BOTULINUM TOXINS FOR LETHAL TOXICITY BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTION INTO MICE (1984)

Clostridium botulinum type A - F toxins can be titrated by the time-to-death method by iv injection into mice. The time to death is not dependent upon the molecular size, but upon the immunological type of the toxin. It is necessary to assure complete activation of the activable toxin produced by nonproteolytic as well as a certain proteolytic strains before subjecting to titration by the iv injection method.
Liposome−Cell Interactions in Vitro:  Effect of Liposome Surface Charge on the Binding and Endocytosis of Conventional and Sterically Stabilized Liposomes (1998)

The cellular uptake of liposomes is generally believed to be mediated by adsorption of liposomes onto the cell surface and subsequent endocytosis. This report examines the effect of liposome surface charge on liposomal binding and endocytosis in two different cell lines: a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (HeLa) and a murine derived mononuclear macrophage cell line (J774). The large unilamellar liposomes were composed of 1, 2-dioleolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine with and without the addition of either a positively charged lipid, 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-dimethylammonium propanediol (DODAP), or a negatively charged lipid, 1,2-dioleolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine. In some experiments 5 mol % of the anionic PEG2000-PE or a neutral PEG lipid of the same molecular weight was added. HeLa cells were found to endocytose positively charged liposomes to a greater extent than either neutral or negatively charged liposomes. This preference was not lipid-specific since inclusion of a cationic cyanine dye, DiIC18(3), to impart positive charge in place of DODAP resulted in a similar extent of endocytosis. In contrast the extent of liposome interaction with J774 cells was greater for both cationic and anionic liposomes than for neutral liposomes. The greater uptake of positively charged liposomes by HeLa cells was also observed with sterically stabilized liposomes (PEG liposomes). Although the overall amount of endocytosis for all the PEG liposomes examined was attenuated relative to conventional liposomes, the extent of endocytosis was greatest for positively charged PEG liposomes, whereas negatively charged PEG2000-PE liposomes were hardly endocytosed by the HeLa cells. Incorporation of a neutral PEG lipid into liposomes permits the independent variation of liposome steric and electrostatic effects in a manner that may allow interactions with cells of the reticuloendothelial system to be minimized, yet permit strong interactions between liposomes and proliferating cells.
Platelet‐rich plasma loaded <i>in situ</i>‐formed hydrogel enhances hyaline cartilage regeneration by CB1 upregulation (2012)

The efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) culture on the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes seeded into a hydrogel scaffold was assessed. Three types of hydrogel were prepared for the 3D culture of primary isolated chondrocytes. Chondrocyte proliferation was assessed using a live/dead viability/cytotoxicity assay and semiquantitative RT-PCR after 3D culture in hydrogel. Cylindrical defects in the center of rat xyphoids were used for the implantation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)/hydrogel composites. Rats were killed at day 7 postoperatively and evaluated histochemically and immunohistologically. Xyphoid chondrocytes proliferated well with time in hydrogels. In the PRP-containing hydrogels, xyphoid defects displayed early formation of chondroid matrix with massive peripheral infiltration of spindle cells. These results were consistent with Safranin-O staining for proteoglycans and immunohistochemistry for type II collagen. Gene expression analyses in vitro revealed aggrecan, type II collagen, and ChM-1 and CB1 upregulation by PRP/hydrogel. PRP/hydrogel provided a suitable environment for hyaline cartilaginous regeneration, leading to anti-inflammation by significant increase of CB1 and inhibiting vascular ingrowth via considerable upregulation of ChM-1. The results provide a valuable reference for the clinical application of hydrogel scaffolds for hyaline cartilage regeneration, as well as the use of autologous PRP to improve cellular proliferation and maturation of xyphoid repair.
Steel-aluminum Knurled Interference Fits: Joining Process and Load Characteristics (2014)

Advancing activities in lightweight construction, for example, in the area of electro mobility and the automotive industry more generally, require new material combinations as well as new manufacturing and joining techniques. For such technologies to be confidently applied, fundamental principles for design and estimation are necessary. In the past few years, knurled interference fits have become established in industrial applications because of their potential utility. However, established fundamental principles have been missing. This paper describes numerical investigations of the joining process of knurled interference fits and its influence on the load characteristics of the material combination 100Cr6/AlMgSi1. The described investigations include the influence of the shaft chamfer angle, the hub diameter ratio and the geometric interference. Finally, a new approach for the computation of the joining force was developed.
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is present in diffuse senile plaques. A comparative study of beta-protein and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunostaining in the Alzheimer brain. (1991)

Immunocytochemical examinations of the brains of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Down's syndrome, and Gerstmann-Sträusslar-Scheinker disease were performed to clarify the relationship between alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and senile plaque amyloids. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsinlike immunoreactivity was enhanced by protease digestion but not by formic acid pretreatment. Almost all of the diffuse plaques and some small amyloid deposits, which were widely distributed in the cerebral cortex and/or subcortical regions of SDAT brains, were labeled by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunostaining. All types of senile plaques, eosinophilic tangles, and some neurons and astrocytes were labeled by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin staining. Diffuse plaques in a Down's syndrome frontal lobe and in a senile dementia of the Alzheimer type cerebellum also were labeled by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunostaining. However neither subpial amyloid deposits nor subcortical small amyloid deposits could be detected by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunostaining. Kuru plaques in a Gerstmann-Sträusslar-Scheinker disease cerebellum also were not labeled by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunostaining. These results suggest that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is associated with the early to late stages of amyloid deposition and senile plaque formation in senile demential of the Alzheimer type.
Environmental Effects on Cognitive Abilities (2014)

It sometimes seems that it is difficult to pick up a current newspaper or a magazine without it containing a story about some behavioral characteristic for which it has been found that a gene is responsible. Even aspects of behavior that one would feel certain are environmentally controlled are now being attributed in part to the effects of the genes. But genes never act alone: Their effects are always filtered through the environment. The goal of this volume is to discuss how the environment influences the development and the maintenance of cognitive abilities. It is a successor to the editors' 1997 volume, Intelligence, Heredity, and Environment, and a companion to their new volume, Family Environment and Intellectual Functioning: A Life-Span Perspective. Taken together, the two-volume set comprises the most comprehensive existing work on the relation between the environment and cognitive abilities. Psychologists, parents, social workers, educators, and employers are all likely to find this book of interest.
Investigation of the transient symmetric H state in a pi cell (2007)

The so-called symmetric H (Hs) state has been reported to have submillisecond response times, which results from the symmetric profile of the liquid crystal director; however, no direct evidence has been obtained to show the profile symmetry. The difficulty in proving this symmetric structure by direct observation results from the short lifetime of Hs state (typically around a few tens of milliseconds). In the work reported here, the authors utilize a burst driving method along with stroboscopic illumination from blue and red light emitting diodes to capture conoscopic images for the Hs director profile; these showed good agreement with their modeling.