gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bepridil opens the regulatory N-terminal lobe of cardiac troponin C (2000)

Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is the calcium-dependent switch for contraction in heart muscle and a potential target for drugs in the therapy of congestive heart failure. This calmodulin-like protein consists of two lobes connected by a central linker; each lobe contains two EF-hand domains. The regulatory N-terminal lobe of cTnC, unlike that of skeletal troponin C (sTnC), contains only one functional EF-hand and does not open fully upon the binding of Ca(2+). We have determined the crystal structure of cTnC, with three bound Ca(2+) ions, complexed with the calcium-sensitizer bepridil, to 2.15-A resolution. In contrast to apo- and 3Ca(2+)-cTnC, the drug-bound complex displays a fully open N-terminal lobe similar to the N-terminal lobes of 4Ca(2+)-sTnC and cTnC bound to a C-terminal fragment of cardiac troponin I (residues 147-163). The closing of the lobe is sterically hindered by one of the three bound bepridils. Our results provide a structural basis for the Ca(2+)-sensitizing effect of bepridil and reveal the details of a distinctive two-stage mechanism for Ca(2+) regulation by troponin C in cardiac muscle.
DNA sequence polymorphism at the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus. Numerous TNF/lymphotoxin alleles tagged by two closely linked microsatellites in the upstream region of the lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) gene (1991)

TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin (LT, TNF-beta) genes are tandemly arranged and map within the MHC centromeric to HLA-B and telomeric to the class III genes. Both cytokines encoded by these genes are potent immunomodulators. On the other hand, some MHC-linked autoimmune diseases are characterized by abnormal levels of their expression or inducibility. A search for the putative disease-associated TNF/LT alleles depends on the informative genetic markers at the TNF locus. Previously, a low degree of genetic polymorphism at the human TNF locus has been reported, mostly bi-allelic RFLP. To localize and define additional polymorphic markers, we probed the collection of genomic clones with synthetic tandemly repeated dinucleotides, corresponding to the sequences known as microsatellites. We mapped and characterized three (TC/GA) and one (AC/GT) repeats within cloned 40-kb DNA comprising the human TNF locus. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based technique, we analyzed three of these four microsatellites and observed their length of polymorphism. Using DNA samples from blood donors, two families, and three human cell lines, we detected 13 distinct alleles of the AC/GT microsatellite neighboring human TNF genes. The variability was further increased by simultaneous analysis of the second linked microsatellite. This linked TC/GA repeat showed at least five alleles, whereas the least polymorphic TC/GA repeat located in the first intron of LT (TNF-beta) gene had two alleles. TNF alleles defined by microsatellites were stably inherited and segregated in the Mendelian way. Therefore, we describe thus far the most informative level of DNA sequence polymorphism in this part of human MHC. We propose a nomenclature for microsatellite tagged LT/TNF alleles based on their size and variability, which could also be extended to include RFLP and other not yet identified polymorphic markers. Microsatellite tagged polymorphism described here can be used in systematic linkage studies of HLA-associated diseases.
Silicon nitride film growth for advanced gate dielectric at low temperature employing high-density and low-energy ion bombardment (1999)

Direct nitridation of silicon surface can be realized at a temperature as low as 430 °C by using high-density plasma above 1012 cm−3 featuring low ion bombardment energy below 7 eV. This study shows that stoichiometric silicon nitride can be obtained for the first time at a temperature of 400 °C by precise control of the nitrogen partial pressure to generate N2+ in the plasma. Moreover, hysteresis in the capacitance–voltage data that has been attributed to charge traps in silicon nitride film can be reduced dramatically by adding hydrogen to Ar/N2 plasma for terminating dangling bonds with hydrogen. The dielectric strength of silicon nitride films is nearly equivalent to those of thermally grown silicon nitride and silicon oxide. The leakage current of silicon nitride film is dramatically reduced compared to that of thermally grown silicon oxide even if their equivalent thicknesses are equal. The silicon nitride films have almost no stress-induced leakage current and very little trap generation even in high-field stress.
Unmet medical needs in systemic lupus erythematosus (2012)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of diverse manifestations, with onset usually in young women in the third to fourth decade of life. The chronic nature of this relapsing remitting disease leads to organ damage accrual over time. Mortality and morbidity are increased in patients with SLE compared with the general population. Therapeutic advances over the last few decades have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. Five-year survival has improved to over 90% from a low of 50% in the 1950s. However, multiple aspects of the management of SLE patients are still far from optimal. Early diagnosis remains a challenge; diagnostic delays leading to delay in definitive treatment are common. Monitoring treatment remains problematic due to the paucity of sensitive biomarkers. Current treatment regimens rely heavily on corticosteroids, even though corticosteroids are well known to cause organ damage. Treatment of refractory disease manifestations such as nephritis, recalcitrant cutaneous lesions and neurological involvement require new approaches with greater efficacy. Cognitive dysfunction is common in SLE patients, but early recognition and adequate treatment are yet to be established. Premature accelerated atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms, and contributes to the poor quality of life in patients with SLE. Ongoing research in SLE faces many challenges, including enrollment of homogeneous patient populations, use of reliable outcome measures and a standard control arm. The current review will highlight some of the outstanding unmet challenges in the management of this complex disease.
ACT-R Predictive Model of Korean Text Entry on Touchscreen (2012)

Objective: The aim of this study is to predict Korean text entry on touchscreens using ACT-R cognitive architecture. Background: Touchscreen application in devices such as satellite navigation devices, PDAs, mobile phones, etc. has been increasing, and the market size is expanding. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest to develop and evaluate the interface to enhance the user experience and increase satisfaction in the touchscreen environment. Method: In this study, Korean text entry performance in the touchscreen environment was analyzed using ACT-R. The ACT-R model considering the characteristics of the Korean language which is composed of vowels and consonants was established. Further, this study analyzed if the prediction of Korean text entry is possible through the ACT-R cognitive model. Results: In the analysis results, no significant difference on performance time between model prediction and empirical data was found. Conclusion: The proposed model can predict the accurate physical movement time as well as cognitive processing time. Application: This study is useful in conducting model-based evaluation on the text entry interface of the touchscreen and enabled quantitative and effective evaluation on the diverse types of Korean text input interfaces through the cognitive models.
795. The nitration and hydroxylation of ætioporphyrim I (1965)

A. W. Johnson and D. Oldfield, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 4303 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650004303
On external memory graph traversal (2000)

We describe a new external memory data structure, the buffered repository tree, and use it to provide the first non-trivial external memory algorithm for directed breadth-first search (BFS) and an improved external algorithm for directed depth-first search. We also demonstrate the equivalence of various formulations of external undirected BFS, and we use these to give the first I/O-optimal BFS algorithm for undirected trees.
Bulk superhydrophobic materials: a facile and efficient approach to access superhydrophobicity by silane and urethane chemistries (2014)

CaCO<sub>3</sub>-based bulk superhydrophobic material is synthesised by sequential silane and urethane chemistry. The cross-linked material displays a static contact angle of ~155° and a water-roll-off angle of 5–8° throughout the thickness which is attributed to 3D- hydrogen bonding.
Design and implementation of location and situation based services for a pervasive mobile adventure game (2009)

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a location and situation based pervasive mobile adventure game named Sportix. The prototype uses different kinds of sensor data - including 3D acceleration data and XPS - to determine the current position and activity of the player. Depending on the firm classification, data and quests are retrieved accordingly from a central information system and visualised for the player on the mobile device. By solving quests and performing sports the player is able to participate in the game.
Precise heading and DGPS measurements of vessel motion improve VM-ADCP current measurements significantly (2003)

This paper describes how Vessel Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (VM-ADCP) measurements are improved when accurate navigation data are available. Quality vessel velocity, position and attitude are required for determining absolute current measurements. While the ship's position and attitude data are necessary to transform measurements made in the vessel fixed coordinate system into Earth fixed coordinates, vessel speed is required for correcting measured acoustic velocities. Experimental data presented in this paper result from a narrowband ADCP interfaced with the accurate integrated navigation system Seapath. Seapath integrates strapdown inertial motion sensor technology with satellite position measurement technology (GPS). Several comparison tests have been carried out to verify improved current measurements obtained with an ADCP-Seapath system.
The Kinetics of the Phosphate-catalyzed Epoxidation of Styrenes with a Mixture of Nitrile and Hydrogen Peroxide (1965)

Abstract The phosphate-catalyzed epoxidation of styrenes with a mixture of nitriles and alkaline hydrogen peroxide have been studied kinetical-ly in 75% methanol. The reactions satisfy third-order kinetics, being first-order in nitrile, hydrogen peroxide and styrene. The rate is essentially constant at various pH’s, while it increases with the increasing polarity of the reaction medium. The energy of activation is low (6–8 kcal.mol−1), and the entropy of activation is highly negative (−50 e. u.). The effect of substituent in benzonitrile is to give a Hammett’s ρ-value of 0.57, while that in styrene resulted in a negative ρ-value of −0.51. It is probable that the peroxycarbimidic acid (I), produced by mobile equilibria from nitrile and hydroperoxide ion, is stabilized by an intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the phosphate dianion, and that this species contributes mostly to the epoxidation of styrene in the following, rate-determining step.
BibMiner: A service-oriented framework for bibliographic analysis service (2010)

The continued exponential growth in volume of literature data is giving birth to a new challenge to the bibliographic analysis service and the traditional features such as keyword search, author search and statistics services could not satisfy researchers for in-depth analysis. The emerging of community analysis in social networks is becoming a hot topic in many domains and disciplines such as sociology, computer science, and physics. Many methods have been proposed for revealing the structure of communities in networks. In this paper, we elaborate a prototype of our on-going constructed system, BibMiner, for digging hidden knowledge from the large-scale literature records. The major infrastructure of BibMiner makes a combination of Service-Oriented approaches and complex network theory, it is open and extensible to new features and services could be integrated more smoothly. To illustrate its functionality, we employ BibMiner to a real-world dataset and demonstrate an integrated analysis procedure on knowledge discovering. Most part of this paper is concentrated on system architecture which is detailed represented in Section 3.
Visualizing <i>n</i> -dimensional virtual worlds with <i>n</i> -vision (1990)

No abstract available.
Estimation of the autocorrelation function of complex Gaussian stationary processes by amplitude clipped signals (1994)

The normalized autocorrelation function of a Gaussian process may be recovered from second order moments of their polarity, through the arcsin law. By analogy, it is possible to calculate the normalized autocorrelation function of a circularly complex Gaussian process from the knowledge of moments of its instantaneous phase. In the present paper, two estimators of the normalized autocorrelation function based on the phase only are presented. Their theoretical accuracy is evaluated and compared to the accuracy of the direct estimate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A phase I study of farletuzumab, a humanized anti-folate receptor α monoclonal antibody, in patients with solid tumors (2014)

Farletuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against folate receptor α (FRA). The purpose of the study is to assess safety and tolerability, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, and preliminary antitumor effect. Patients with ovarian cancer (OC) or FRA-expressing solid tumors who are resistant to standard treatments were eligible for the study. After single-dose administration for PK assessment, farletuzumab was administered by intravenous injection, repeating every week until disease progression. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined as grade 4 hematological and grade 3/4 nonhematological toxicities. Dose escalation was planned in 4 cohorts (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/m(2)). Fourteen patients with OC and two patients with gastric cancer (GC) received farletuzumab infusion. Neither DLTs nor grade 3/4 toxicities were reported in all cohorts. Major adverse events, including grade 1/2 infusion related reaction (15 patients, 93.8%), headache (seven patients, 43.8%), and nausea and decreased appetite (five patients each, 31.3%), were observed and medically managed. AUC and Cmax increased dose-dependently and linear PK profiles were observed. No tumor shrinkage was recorded, but long-term disease stabilization for 25 and 20 months was observed in one patient with clear cell OC (100 mg/m(2)) and one patient with GC (400 mg/m(2)), respectively. No cumulative toxicity occurred in any patient. Farletuzumab was well tolerated in Japanese patients with a similar PK profile as compared with the US population. Long-term disease stabilization was observed in a subpopulation of clear cell OC and GC; both of them were resistant and progressive after standard chemotherapies (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01049061).
An Efficient Dynamic Load Balancing Scheme for Multi-agent System Reflecting Agent Workload (2009)

In ubiquitous computing the multi-agent system can provide intelligent services to the users by effectively utilizing the resources distributed in the environment. The traditional load balancing approach based on the load condition of the nodes is not suitable to the multi-agent system (MAS). In this paper we propose an efficient load balancing scheme for MAS employing the models formulated to identify the condition of the agents and the relevant policies required for dynamic load balancing. The proposed scheme significantly reduces the response time by migrating some agents to balance the loads of the system. An experiment verifies this property by comparing it with the existing scheme. We also propose a MAS architecture effectively supporting the registration, modification, and deletion of agent-based services, and easy retrieval and provisioning of registered services for the users like Web service.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Antagonists MPEP and MTEP (2006)

Glutamate regulates the function of central nervous system (CNS), in part, through the cAMP and/or IP3/DAG second messenger-associated metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) has been extensively used to elucidate potential physiological and pathophysiological functions of mGluR5. Unfortunately, recent evidence indicates significant non-specific actions of MPEP, including inhibition of NMDA receptors. In contrast, in vivo and in vitro characterization of the newer mGluR5 antagonist 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) indicates that it is more highly selective for mGluR5 over mGluR1, has no effect on other mGluR subtypes, and has fewer off-target effects than MPEP. This article reviews literature on both of these mGluR5 antagonists, which suggests their possible utility in neurodegeneration, addiction, anxiety and pain management.
Single-crystal diamond plate liftoff achieved by ion implantation and subsequent annealing (1992)

We describe a new method for removing thin, large area sheets of diamond from bulk or homoepitaxial diamond crystals. This method consists of an ion implantation step, followed by a selective etching procedure. High energy (4–5 MeV) implantation of carbon or oxygen ions creates a well-defined layer of damaged diamond that is buried at a controlled depth below the surface. For C implantations, this layer is graphitized by annealing in vacuum, and then etched in either an acid solution, or by heating at 550–600 °C in oxygen. This process successfully lifts off the diamond plate above the graphite layer. For O implantations of a suitable dose (3×1017 cm−2 or greater), the liftoff is achieved by annealing in vacuum or flowing oxygen. In this case, the O required for etching of the graphitic layer is also supplied internally by the implantation. This liftoff method, combined with well-established homoepitaxial growth processes, has considerable potential for the fabrication of large area single crystalline diamond sheets.
Antigen targeting to endosomal pathway in dendritic cell vaccination activates regulatory T cells and attenuates tumor immunity (2006)

Lymphoma cells are malignant cells of the T- or B-cell lineage that often express many surface markers inappropriately, yet are not recognized as abnormal by the immune system. We modeled this situation by inoculating ovalbumin-expressing E.G7-OVA lymphoma cells into mice that expressed ovalbumin as a self antigen in pancreatic islets, and investigated the efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in these mice. Although vaccination with DC-expressing ovalbumin induced strong cytotoxic T-cell immunity, which led to clearance of E.G7-OVA lymphoma cells in naive C57BL/6 mice, DC vaccination was ineffective in mice expressing ovalbumin as a self antigen. Antigen modification to increase its processing via the endosomal processing pathway dramatically increased CD4 T-cell activation but paradoxically, impaired the protective effect of DC vaccination even in naive mice. Depletion of CD25(+) T cells (regulatory T cells [Tregs]) prior to vaccination restored the efficacy of DC vaccination and allowed eradication of lymphoma also in mice expressing ovalbumin as a self antigen. We conclude that lymphoma cells may be eradicated using DC vaccination if activation of CD25(+) Tregs is simultaneously inhibited, and that intentionally enhanced endosomal antigen processing in DC vaccines may shift the balance from CD4 T-cell help toward stimulation of Tregs.
Optical solitons in a silicon waveguide (2007)

We observe, for the first time to our knowledge, the formation of optical solitons inside a short silicon waveguide (only 5 mm long) at subpicojoule pulse energy levels. We measure a significant spectral narrowing in the anomalous-dispersion regime of such a waveguide, in contrast to all previous reported experiments. The extent of spectral narrowing depends on the carrier wavelength of input pulses, and the observed spectrum broadens in the normal-dispersion region. Numerical simulations confirm our experimental observations.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of regional lung ventilation determined by electrical impedance tomography during pulmonary function testing (2012)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a functional imaging modality capable of tracing continuously regional pulmonary gas volume changes. The aim of our study was to determine if EIT was able to assess spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ventilation during pulmonary function testing in 14 young (37 ± 10 yr, mean age ± SD) and 12 elderly (71 ± 9 yr) subjects without lung disease and in 33 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (71 ± 9 yr). EIT and spirometry examinations were performed during tidal breathing and a forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver preceded by full inspiration to total lung capacity. Regional inspiratory vital capacity (IVC); FVC; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)); FEV(1)/FVC; times required to expire 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of FVC (t(25), t(50), t(75), t(90)); and tidal volume (V(T)) were determined in 912 EIT image pixels in the chest cross section. Coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated from all pixel values of IVC, FVC, FEV(1), and V(T) to characterize the ventilation heterogeneity. The highest values were found in patients, and no differences existed between the healthy young and elderly subjects. Receiver-operating characteristics curves showed that CV of regional IVC, FVC, FEV(1), and V(T) discriminated the young and elderly subjects from the patients. Frequency distributions of pixel FEV(1)/FVC, t(25), t(50), t(75), and t(90) identified the highest ventilation heterogeneity in patients but distinguished also the healthy young from the elderly subjects. These results indicate that EIT may provide additional information during pulmonary function testing and identify pathologic and age-related spatial and temporal heterogeneity of regional lung function.
Determining suspended sand size and concentration from multifrequency acoustic backscatter (1993)

An inversion algorithm for extracting suspended sand size and concentration from simultaneous backscattered acoustic pressure amplitude at three operating frequencies is presented. The algorithm is based on the differences in signal amplitude between different frequency pairs, and is tested using laboratory measurements of multifrequency backscatter from a turbulent sediment-carrying jet. Concentration and size profiles inverted from field and laboratory data are compared with results from a previously developed algorithm based on signal ratios. The difference inversion scheme is less sensitive to errors arising from low signal levels, allowing the size/concentration measurement range to be extended to regions of lower concentration. The concentrations from the field data agree well with independent optically determined estimates. The results demonstrate sensitivity to the backscatter form factor.