gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fragment, tag, enrich, and send (2009)

The migration of media consumption to personal computers retains distributed social viewing, but only via nonsocial, strictly personal interfaces. This article presents an architecture, and implementation for media sharing that allows for enhanced social interactions among users. Using a mixed-device model, our work allows targeted, personalized enrichment of content. All recipients see common content, while differentiated content is delivered to individuals via their personal secondary screens. We describe the goals, architecture, and implementation of our system in this article. In order to validate our results, we also present results from two user studies involving disjoint sets of test participants.
Nanostructured Hollow Tubes Based on Chitosan and Alginate Multilayers (2013)

The design and production of structures with nanometer-sized polymer films based on layer-by-layer (LbL) are of particular interest for tissue engineering since they allow the precise control of physical and biochemical cues of implantable devices. In this work, a method is developed for the preparation of nanostructured hollow multilayers tubes combining LbL and template leaching. The aim is to produce hollow tubes based on polyelectrolyte multilayer films with tuned physical-chemical properties and study their effects on cell behavior. The final tubular structures are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, swelling, and mechanical tests, including dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in physiological simulated conditions. It is found that more robust films could be produced upon chemical cross-linking with genipin. In particular, the mechanical properties confirms the viscoelastic properties and a storage and young modulus about two times higher. The water uptake decreases from about 390% to 110% after the cross-linking. The biological performance is assessed in terms of cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The results obtained with the cross-linked tubes demonstrate that these are more suitable structures for cell adhesion and spreading. The results suggest the potential of these structures to boost the development of innovative tubular structures for tissue engineering approaches.
Loss of Function of a Rice <i>brassinosteroid insensitive1</i> Homolog Prevents Internode Elongation and Bending of the Lamina Joint (2000)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant growth-promoting natural products required for plant growth and development. Physiological studies have demonstrated that exogenous BR, alone or in combination with auxin, enhance bending of the lamina joint of rice. However, little is known about the function of endogenous BR in rice or other grass species. We report here the phenotypical and molecular characterization of a rice dwarf mutant, d61, that is less sensitive to BR compared to the wild type. We cloned a rice gene, OsBRI1, with extensive sequence similarity to that of the Arabidopsis BRI gene, which encodes a putative BR receptor kinase. Linkage analysis showed that the OsBRI1 gene is closely linked to the d61 locus. Single nucleotide substitutions found at different sites of the d61 alleles would give rise to amino acid changes in the corresponding polypeptides. Furthermore, introduction of the entire OsBRI1 coding region, including the 5' and 3' flanking sequences, into d61 plants complemented the mutation to display the wild-type phenotype. Transgenic plants carrying the antisense strand of the OsBRI1 transcript showed similar or even more severe phenotypes than those of the d61 mutants. Our results show that OsBRI1 functions in various growth and developmental processes in rice, including (1) internode elongation, by inducing the formation of the intercalary meristem and the longitudinal elongation of internode cells; (2) bending of the lamina joint; and (3) skotomorphogenesis.
Congenital Unilateral Choanal Atresia Associated with a Rhinolith (1967)

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Lasers and Electro-Optics (1997)

1. Electromagnetic waves, light, and lasers 2. Optical frequency amplifiers 3. Introduction to two practical laser systems 4. Optical resonators containing amplifying media 5. Laser radiation 6. Control of laser oscillators 7. Optically pumped solid-state lasers 8. Gas lasers 9. Molecular gas lasers I 10. Molecular gas lasers II 11. Tunable lasers 12. Semiconductor lasers 13. Passive optical systems 14. Periodic optical systems, resonators and inhomogenous media 15. Optics of Gaussian beams 16. Optical fibers and waveguides 17. Optics of anisotropic media 18. The electro-optic and acousto-optic effects and modulation of light beams 19. Introduction to nonlinear processes 20. Wave propagation in nonlinear media 21. Detection of optical radiation 22. Coherence theory 23. Laser applications Index.
Operation of a single mode external-cavity laser diode array near 780 nm (2002)

We have narrowed the spectral bandwidth of a commercial 2 W laser diode array to be less than 120 MHz near 780 nm. The external-cavity laser diode array system is a standard double-pass Littman–Metcalf configuration operating on a dominant single longitudinal mode.
Role Based Access Control in Enterprise Application ¿ Security Administration and User Management (2006)

One of the most challenging problems in managing large Web-applications is the complexity of security administration and user-profile management. Role based access control (RBAC) has become the predominant model for advanced access control due to the reduced complexity and cost of administration. Under RBAC, security administration is greatly simplified by using roles, hierarchies and privileges, and user management is uncomplicated by using LDAP API specification within the J2EE application. System administrators create roles according to the job functions performed in an organization, grant permissions to those roles, and then assign users to the roles on the basis of their specific job responsibilities and qualifications. We introduce in this paper RBAC in a typical J2EE enterprise application and present architectural details, along with security administration and user-profile management for RBAC. Netegrity SiteMinder provides the RBAC foundation, and J2EE framework serves as the reference model for administration in the application. Then we emphasize the design and implementation of a custom RBAC-model, and the possibilities of optimization of this model
LOCAL ANESTHETICS DERIVED FROM 2-(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)-PIPERIDINE (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLOCAL ANESTHETICS DERIVED FROM 2-(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)-PIPERIDINEC. S. Marvel and R. S. SheltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 3, 915–917Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01378a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (201 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Damage detection in sandwich composite materials using laser vibrometry in conjunction with nonlinear system identification (2009)

Fiberglass sandwich panels are tested to study a vibration-based method for locating damage in composite materials. This method does not rely on a direct comparison of the natural frequencies, mode shapes, or residues in the forced vibration response data. Specifically, a nonlinear system identification based method for damage detection is sought that reduces the sensitivity of damage detection results to changes in vibration measurements due to variations in boundary conditions, environmental conditions, and material properties of the panel. Damage mechanisms considered include a disbond between the core and face sheet and a crack within the core. A panel is excited by a skewed piezoelectric actuator over a broad frequency range while a three-dimensional scanning laser vibrometer measures the surface velocity of the panel along three orthogonal axes. The forced frequency response data measured using the scanning laser vibrometer at multiple excitation amplitudes is processed to identify areas of the panel that exhibit significant nonlinear response characteristics. It is demonstrated that these localized nonlinearities in the panel coincide with the damaged areas of the composite material. Because changes in the measured frequency response functions due to nonlinear distortions associated with the damage can be identified without comparing the vibration data to a reference (baseline) signature of the undamaged material, this vibration technique for damage detection in composite materials exhibits less sensitivity to variations in the underlying linear characteristics than traditional methods. It is also demonstrated that the damage at a given location can be classified as either due to a disbond or core crack because these two types of damage produce difference signatures when comparing the multi-amplitude frequency response functions.
Performance of No Vibration/No Admixture Masonry Grout Containing High Replacement of Portland Cement with Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (2014)

When hollow concrete masonry is used for construction in high seismic regions, structural designs typically require fully grouted walls. The grouting process is labor-intensive, time-consuming and has a high energy demand due to requirements of consolidation in each and subsequent grout lifts. Self-consolidating grout with admixtures has been successfully used without segregation in walls of up to 12.67 ft. in height. Investigation of self-consolidating grout mixes without admixtures has potential for sustainability improvement. This thesis reports on the compression strength and consolidation observations of self-consolidating characteristics of no vibration/no admixture grout made by substituting various proportions of Portland cement with Type F fly ash and/or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The percentages of Portland cement replacement evaluated were 0%, 50%, 60%, and 70% for Type F fly ash. The percentages of Portland cement replacement evaluated were 0%, 60%, 70% and 80% for Type F fly ash and GGBFS. Grout compressive strengths were evaluated from individually filled grout specimens constructed in concrete masonry hollow core units, dry cured, and tested after 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 130 days. Also, hollow concrete masonry walls were built 12.67 ft. tall and grouted. The relative performance was assessed by comparing to conventional grouted masonry and evaluating consolidation characteristics around mortar fins and reinforcement; compressive strength tests after 130 days of curing, and rebar pull-out tests were taken from various wall heights. All experimental grouts had acceptable consolidation characteristics but fly ash replacement grouts did not meet the compressive strength requirements.
Modeling of Digital Spectrum Based Ultrasonic Attenuation about Void Content in CFRP (2008)

The voids morphological features are correlated with the CFRP porosity and the fraction of voids is nearly a logarithmic normal distribution with the voids' size.The apparatus employed notebook computer to control signal's collecting, processing, and displaying. Based on the method of acoustic resistance, this paper described the ultrasonic detection technology for bonded structures of composite materials on modern battleplan. The frequency-domain characteristics of echo can reveal some new information about the bonding defect, which were not evident in time domain.The experiments were performed using practical samples, and the results showed that defects in different samples can be quantitatively identified with high accuracy. Based on the study, an ultrasonic attenuation model of CFRP porosity testing was established in which the voids' statistical and morphological features were considered.
The road to reality: a complete guide to the laws of the universe (2005)

The Road to Reality, some 1000 pages long, aims to provide a comprehensive account of our present understanding of the physical universe, and the essentials of its underlying mathematical theory. No particular mathematical knowledge on the part of the reader is assumed - the early chapters providing the essential mathematical background for the physical theories described in the remainder of the book. The aim is to convey something of an overall understanding - a feeling for the deep beauty and philosophical connotations of the subject, as well as of its intricate logical interconnections. Clearly, a work of this nature is challenging, but there is enough descriptive material to carry the less mathematically inclined reader through, as well as some 450-500, mostly hand-drawn, figures. The book provides a feeling for all the key issues and deep current controversies, and counters the common complaint that cutting-edge science is fundamentally inaccessible. The topics covered in this book include: the roles of different kinds of numbers and of geometry in physics; the ideas - and magic - of calculus and of modern geometry; notions of infinity; the physics and mathematics of relativity theory; the foundations and controversies of quantum mechanics; the standard model of particle physics; cosmology; the big bang; black holes; the profound challenge of the second law of thermodynamics; string and M theory; loop quantum gravity; twistors; fashions in science; and new directions.
Disruption of Gap Junctional Communication within the Ovarian Follicle Induces Oocyte Maturation (2006)

Meiotically arrested mammalian oocytes are stimulated to resume meiosis by LH. This response, which can be reversed by elevation of intraoocyte cAMP levels, is associated with interruption of gap junctional communication (GJC) within the ovarian follicle. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that disruption of GJC within the ovarian follicle is sufficient for induction of oocyte maturation. For this purpose, we incubated rat follicle-enclosed oocytes with carbenoxolone (CBX), a known blocker of gap junctions. We found that this selective disruptor of GJC promoted maturation of almost all the follicle-enclosed oocytes after 5 h of incubation; this response was also obtained by a transient (2 h) exposure to this agent. CBX-induced oocyte maturation was accompanied by a substantial decrease in intraoocyte concentrations of cAMP that was not associated with elevated activity of type 3A phosphodiesterase (PDE3A). The effect of CBX on reinitiation of meiosis was blocked by isobutylmethylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Unlike LH, CBX did not activate MAPK in the follicular cells, and inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway by means of UO126 did not prevent the resumption of meiosis. Injection of CBX into the ovarian bursa of intact animals stimulated maturation in 30% of the oocytes, whereas no maturation was observed in the contralateral ovary injected with PBS. We conclude that, because experimentally induced breakdown of communication within the ovarian follicle is associated with a drop in intraoocyte cAMP concentrations and results in resumption of meiosis, this could be the physiological mechanism employed by LH to stimulate oocyte maturation.
Improving Real-Time PCR Genotyping Assays by Asymmetric Amplification (2002)

Rapid-cycle real-time PCR by the LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Auckland, New Zealand) provides a very quick, one-step means of genotyping herpes simplex virus (HSV) from clinical samples and a number of assays involving this application have been reported (1, 2, 3).

However, we—among others—have found that a commonly used protocol (1) provides poor genotyping results when the published reagent concentrations are used. The PCR resulted in the “hook effect” phenomenon (Fig. ​(Fig.1)1) that is the sign of a very efficient PCR (Technical note no. LC 8/99, Roche Molecular Biochemicals, 1999). Simply, in later cycles of the PCR, the amplified strands reanneal before the probes can bind to generate fluorescence. For quantification, this is not an issue, since the crossing point (the cycle number where the reaction enters exponential phase) is of interest. However, subsequent genotyping by melting-curve analysis may be more difficult.



FIG. 1.

Amplification of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 samples with published reagent concentrations. The drop in fluorescence at later cycle numbers caused by the hook effect is clearly visible.



We overcame this phenomenon by the use of asymmetric primer concentrations whereby a higher concentration of the reverse primer (compared to that of the forward primer) was used in the reaction. This resulted in more of the strand complementary to the probes being amplified and allowed more signal to be generated (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2). This in turn resulted in the easy genotyping of the HSV samples via melting-curve analysis (Fig. ​(Fig.3).3). 



FIG. 2.

Amplification of HSV-1 samples.





FIG. 3.

Melting-curve analysis of HSV-1 samples.



We suggest that the use of asymmetric primer concentrations be considered when new LightCycler genotyping assays that result in the hook effect on the quantitation screen are being optimized.
Quantitative Imaging of Fluorescent Protein FRET (2005)

The convergence of newly developed instrumentation and optical probes is allowing us to examine quantitatively dynamic processes within living cells, using different color mutants of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). A key methodology in this examination is Frster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The most popular pair of fluorescent proteins for FRET experiments is cyan (CFP) and yellow (YFP), and the preferred versions of these variants are the CFP Cerulean [1] and the YFP Venus We will concentrate on the methods and limitations of those methods for the assay of FRET between Cerulean and Venus.
The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol: Analysis and Applications (2024)

Bitcoin is the first and most popular decentralized cryptocurrency to date. In this work, we extract and analyze the core of the Bitcoin protocol, which we term the Bitcoin backbone , and prove three of its fundamental properties which we call Common Prefix , Chain Quality, and Chain Growth in the static setting where the number of players remains fixed. Our proofs hinge on appropriate and novel assumptions on the “hashing power” of the protocol participants and their interplay with the protocol parameters and the time needed for reliable message passing between honest parties in terms of computational steps. A takeaway from our analysis is that, all else being equal, the protocol’s provable tolerance in terms of the number of adversarial parties (or, equivalently, their “hashing power” in our model) decreases as the duration of a message passing round increases. Next, we propose and analyze applications that can be built “on top” of the backbone protocol, specifically focusing on Byzantine agreement (BA) and on the notion of a public transaction ledger. Regarding BA, we observe that a proposal due to Nakamoto falls short of solving it, and present a simple alternative which works assuming that the adversary’s hashing power is bounded by 1/3. The public transaction ledger captures the essence of Bitcoin’s operation as a cryptocurrency, in the sense that it guarantees the liveness and persistence of committed transactions. Based on this notion, we describe and analyze the Bitcoin system as well as a more elaborate BA protocol and we prove them secure assuming the adversary’s hashing power is strictly less than 1/2. Instrumental to this latter result is a technique we call 2-for-1 proof-of-work (PoW) that has proven to be useful in the design of other PoW-based protocols.
The formulation of recombinant factor IX: stability, robustness, and convenience. (1998)

A lyophilized recombinant factor IX (rFIX) formulation has been developed that is stable and contains no preservatives. No blood or plasma products are used in the production or formulation of rFIX. The formulation contains 10 mmol/L histidine, 0.26 mol/L glycine, 1% sucrose, and 0.005% polysorbate-80 (pH 6.8). Polysorbate-80 acts as a protectant for the protein from freezing-induced damage (eg, aggregation). Sucrose provides protection to the protein in the freeze-dried state. Glycine provides for a high-quality cake morphology. Histidine provides optimal buffering stability at the desired pH and minimizes aggregate formation upon storage in the lyophilized state. This optimized combination of excipients provides a high degree of long-term stability, as demonstrated by a variety of analytical methods, including clotting assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing (IEF), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), peptide mapping, oligosaccharide fingerprinting, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rFIX product is easy to reconstitute and demonstrates excellent stability in solution after reconstitution.
New COCOS(Corona Oxide Characterization of Semiconductor) method for monitoring the reliability of thin gate oxides. (1999)

COCOS (Corona Oxide Characterization of Semiconductor) is a non-contact diagnostic technique in many respects superior to MOS methodology. In this technique, an electric field in the oxide and in the semiconductor is changed by dosing an electric charge on the oxide using a corona discharge in air. The response is measured by the contact potential difference in the dark and under strong illumination giving the oxide voltage, V OX and the surface barrier, V SB , and in turn the oxide capacitance, C OX , the flat band voltage, V FB , and also interface trap spectra, D it , across the silicon bandgap. In thin gate oxides, COCOS provides a monitoring technique for oxide reliability. The corona charging is used to stress the oxide and monitor COCOS stress-induced wearout through the measurement of D it and V FB shift. The newly introduced COCOS I-V characteristic is used to monitor stress-induced leakage current, SILC. COCOS-SILC reliability results are provided showing the sensitivity of this approach to GOI defects originating from heavy metals, COPs (crystal originated particulates) and surface roughness in gate oxides from 3 to 20nm in thickness. In view of the present findings it is apparent that the magnitude of COCOS-SILC at a constant oxide field can serve as a sensor of GOI defects. It was also established that without corona stress the tunneling current is practically insensitive to GOI defects.