gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Labeling Mitochondria with TMRM or TMRE: Figure 1. (2011)

INTRODUCTION TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester) or the related TMRE (tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester) is extensively used for labeling and measuring the membrane potential (and the function) of mitochondria in living cells. Because of its optical and chemical properties, it has been one of the main dyes used for mitochondria studied with confocal microscopy to carry out time-resolved and spatially resolved analyses. Quantitative observation of mitochondrial membrane potential should be performed with confocal microscopy or spot photometry-based microscopy. This protocol describes labeling of mitochondria with TMRM or TMRE.
Enhancing plant regeneration in tissue culture (2013)

Micropropagation is used for commercial purposes worldwide, but the capacity to undergo somatic organogenesis and plant regeneration varies greatly among species. The plant hormones auxin and cytokinin are critical for plant regeneration in tissue culture, with cytokinin playing an instrumental role in shoot organogenesis. Type-B response regulators govern the transcriptional output in response to cytokinin and are required for plant regeneration. In our paper published in Plant Physiology, we explored the functional redundancy among the 11 type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs). Interestingly, we discovered that the enhanced expression of one family member, ARR10, induced hypersensitivity to cytokinin in multiple assays, including callus greening and shoot induction of explants. Here we 1) discuss the hormone dependence for in vitro plant regeneration, 2) how manipulation of the cytokinin response has been used to enhance plant regeneration, and 3) the potential of the ARR10 transgene as a tool to increase the regeneration capacity of agriculturally important crop plants. The efficacy of ARR10 for enhancing plant regeneration likely arises from its ability to transcriptionally regulate key cytokinin responsive genes combined with an enhanced protein stability of ARR10 compared with other type-B ARRs. By increasing the capacity of key tissues and cell types to respond to cytokinin, ARR10, or other type-B response regulators with similar properties, could be used as a tool to combat the recalcitrance of some crop species to tissue culture techniques.
Temperature dependence of pitch and twist elastic constant in a cholesteric to smectic A phase transition (2002)

Abstract To understand chirality in cholesteric (Ch) liquid crystals, we performed an experimental study on the Ch-smetic A (SmA) transition of a cholesteric liquid crystal. By studying the reflection spectrum at zero field and at the critical electric field used to unwind the helical structure, we were able to measure the helical pitch P and the twist elastic constant K 22 in the Ch phase. As the temperature was lowered toward the Ch-TGB phase transition, the helical pitch and twist elastic constant diverged. The results support the model that short range SmA forms in the Ch phase. When the results were fitted by power-law temperature dependence, the exponent for P was 0.78 and the exponent for K 22 was 1.36.
A Study on Recent Developments and Issues with Obstacle Detection Systems for Automated Vehicles (2020)

This paper reviews current developments and discusses some critical issues with obstacle detection systems for automated vehicles. The concept of autonomous driving is the driver towards future mobility. Obstacle detection systems play a crucial role in implementing and deploying autonomous driving on our roads and city streets. The current review looks at technology and existing systems for obstacle detection. Specifically, we look at the performance of LIDAR, RADAR, vision cameras, ultrasonic sensors, and IR and review their capabilities and behaviour in a number of different situations: during daytime, at night, in extreme weather conditions, in urban areas, in the presence of smooths surfaces, in situations where emergency service vehicles need to be detected and recognised, and in situations where potholes need to be observed and measured. It is suggested that combining different technologies for obstacle detection gives a more accurate representation of the driving environment. In particular, when looking at technological solutions for obstacle detection in extreme weather conditions (rain, snow, fog), and in some specific situations in urban areas (shadows, reflections, potholes, insufficient illumination), although already quite advanced, the current developments appear to be not sophisticated enough to guarantee 100% precision and accuracy, hence further valiant effort is needed.
Racial Harassment as Discrimination: A Cautious Endorsement of the Anti-Oppression Principle (1991)

As of 1980, 56 percent of the white students who began four-year college programs directly out of high school, as compared to 31 percent of the black students, completed their degrees in less than six years.Chester E. Finn, Jr., The Campus: 'An Island of Repression in a Sea of Freedom', Commentary 17, 22 (Sept 1989), analyzing figures from the United States Department of Education.In other words, 44 percent of the white students and 69 percent of the black students failed to finish within five and a half years.Another sensitive measure of college completion is the "persistence rate," the percentage of students enrolled in college in one October who enroll again the following October.As of 1986, the persistence rate of white students was 81.9 percent while the persistence rate of black students was 72.7 percent.National Center for Education Statistics, 2 The Condition of Education 1990 (Postsecondary Education) 28 (1990).This difference becomes much greater when the rates are cumulated over four years; applying my own calculations to this data, only 55 percent of white students and 38 percent of black students would return for a fourth year, and, at the end, only 45 percent of white students and 27 percent of black students would be left.It is widely assumed, although the data are incomplete, that the persistence rate breaks down into a relatively high dropout rate for black students at predominantly white schools and a relatively low dropout rate for black students at traditionally black schools.* See, for example, John H. Bunzel,
Inferring latent task structure for Multitask Learning by Multiple Kernel Learning (2010)

We present a novel approach to Multitask Learning that is capable of learning task similarity along with the classifiers. The framework is very general as it allows to incorporate prior knowledge about tasks relationships if available, but is also able to identify task similarities in absence of such prior information. Both variants show promising results in applications from Computational Biology.
Rapid switching of chemical signals in microfluidic devices (2009)

We present an analysis of concentration switching times in microfluidic devices. The limits of rapid switching are analyzed based on the theory of dispersion by Taylor and Aris and compared to both experiments and numerical simulations. We focus on switching times obtained by photo-activation of caged compounds in a micro-flow (flow photolysis). The performance of flow photolysis is compared to other switching techniques. A flow chart is provided to facilitate the application of our theoretical analysis to microfluidic switching devices.
Replacement of inorganic phosphorus by microbial phytase for young pigs fed on a maiz–soyabean-meal diet (1996)

Ninety-six crossbred young pigs (body weight 7.8 kg) were used in a 5-week trial to determine the effectiveness of microbial phytase (EC 3.1.3 26) in improving the bioavailabilities of P and other nutrients in maize-soyabean-meal diets and, thus, replacing inorganic P with phytase. A 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with two available P (aP) levels (0.7 and 1.6 g/kg) and five phytase levels (0, 350, 700, 1050, 1400 U (the quantity of enzyme that liberates 1 mumol inorganic phosphate/min from 5.1 mm-sodium phytate at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees)/kg diet). In addition, two extra diets were formulated to supply the National Research Council (1988) recommended level of aP (3.2 g/kg) with 0 or 1400 U phytase. The addition of graded levels of phytase resulted in linear increases in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and weight gain:feed intake for pigs fed on diets containing 0.7 or 1.6 g aP/kg (P < 0.04). Also, the addition of phytase linearly increased apparent digestibilities of P and Ca (P < 0.01), whereas faecal P excretion was linearly decreased (P < 0.01). Linear increases in shear force, shear energy and ash content of both the metacarpal and tenth rib, and shear stress of the metacarpal were found to respond to added phytase (P < 0.01). These improvements in performance, apparent P absorption and bone measurements by phytase were also observed by increasing dietary aP levels for most measurements. Adding 1400 U phytase to the 3.2 g aP/kg diet further increased average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, apparent absorption of P, Ca and N and metatarsal shear force and ash content (P < 0.01 to 0.05). Generally, maximum responses occurred at a phytase level of 1050 U/kg diet for the 0.7 g aP/kg diets and 700 U for the 1.6 g aP/kg diets. Based on non-linear and linear response equations generated for the phytase and aP levels, the average function of the equivalency of P (Y, g/kg) v. microbial phytase (X, U/kg) was developed across aP levels of 0.7 and 1.6 g/kg for average daily weight gain and apparent digestibility of P: Y = 2.622-2.559e 0.00185X. The replacement of 1 g inorganic P as defluorinated phosphate would require about 246 U microbial phytase. This represents 41% of released P from phytate.
Impulse train equivalent excitation signals for high‐quality speech synthesis (1987)

Abstract In the speech synthesis using filters, other than the impulse train, some special pulse trains such as an excitation signal are used, especially the pulse train by Barker sequence and the pulse train obtained by averaging in time the energy of the signal. However, they do not produce a high‐quality synthesized speech. By contrast, the possibility exists that a high‐quality speech synthesis can be achieved by utilizing the residual speech as the excitation signal. In this case, a certain data compression must be applied to the residual signal. Several useful methods are known for coding the residual speech, such as base‐band signal coding and multipulse coding. For efficient speech data compression or realization of high‐quality speech synthesis by a rule‐based speech synthesis, the lack of rules or formulation for the excitation source is a serious problem. To realize a high‐quality speech synthesis by a rule‐based excitation, a high‐quality impulse train equivalent excitation signal is needed to replace the usual impulse train. From such a viewpoint, this paper first performed the very‐short‐term analysis of the residual speech, confirming that the spectral envelope of the voiced sound interval varies with time in quite a characteristic way. A method of generating the impulse train equivalent signal (FTSITES) with the spectral envelope and fine‐time structure is proposed according to the result of analysis. It is shown that a high‐quality speech synthesis is achieved by utilizing FTSITES as the excitation signal.
A Prototype Low-Loss Filter Employing Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducers (1983)

This paper descibes a first-order ' design synthesis procedure for low-loss filters employing Single-phase Unidirectional Transducers ( SFUDT's). Experimental results are presented and discussed for a prototype low-loss 281 MHz filter. The filter was fabricated on quartz with a combination of A1 and Al/Cr fingers. The Cr second level was used to achieve mass loading of appropriate fingers in order t o implement a desired reflection function within the transducers. Both the first and second levels were withdrawal w eighted. An insertion loss of 8 dB with a pproximately 27dB of triple transit rejection is predicted based upon experimental data computer-matched with ideal tuning components. This performance is lower than predicted. The reasons for this and the improvements to be made in a future design are discussed.
Aqueous Ozonation Of Surfactants: A Review (1991)

Abstract The aqueous ozonation reactions of surfactants have been reviewed, including the degree of reaction and ozonation byproduct identity. Compounds are classified into three groups: anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. Experimental conditions for each study reviewed are summarized. Much work has been carried out under conditions unlikely to occur during drinking water treatment. Thus, most of the findings of the papers reviewed cannot be directly applied to potable water treatment. However this review can serve to indicate the likely reactivity of the individual surfactants towards ozone and the possible byproducts formed. This reactivity depends mainly upon the chemical structure of the surfactants. The removal of surfactants is pH dependent, with the best results being obtained in alkaline media. High ozone doses usually do not cause complete disruption of the surfactants, while smaller doses are sufficient to enhance their biodegradation. Key Words: OzoneReviewSurfactantsDetergentsAqueous OzonationOzone Oxidation ProductsDrinking WaterWaste WaterAnionic Surfactantsp-Toluenesulfonic AcidCationic SurfactantsNon-Ionic Surfactants
Jeugdgroei van elzen (1971)

in het verleden overwegend uit het buirenland
First MR images obtained during megavoltage photon irradiation from a prototype integrated linac‐MR system (2009)

The authors report the first magnetic resonance (MR) images produced by their prototype MR system integrated with a radiation therapy source. The prototype consists of a 6 MV linac mounted onto the open end of a biplanar 0.2 T permanent MR system which has 27.9 cm pole-to-pole opening with flat gradients (40 mT/m) running under a TMX NRC console. The distance from the magnet isocenter to the linac target is 80 cm. The authors' design has resolved the mutual interferences between the two devices such that the MR magnetic field does not interfere with the trajectory of the electron in the linac waveguide, and the radiofrequency (RF) signals from each system do not interfere with the operation of the other system. Magnetic and RF shielding calculations were performed and confirmed with appropriate measurements. The prototype is currently on a fixed gantry; however, in the very near future, the linac and MR magnet will rotate in unison such that the linac is always aimed through the opening in the biplanar magnet. MR imaging was found to be fully operational during linac irradiation and proven by imaging a phantom with conventional gradient echo sequences. Except for small changes in SNR, MR images produced during irradiation were visually and quantitatively very similar to those taken with the linac turned off. This prototype system provides proof of concept that the design has decreased the mutual interferences sufficiently to allow the development of real-time MR-guided radiotherapy. Low field-strength systems (0.2-0.5 T) have been used clinically as diagnostic tools. The task of the linac-MR system is, however, to provide MR guidance to the radiotherapy beam. Therefore, the 0.2 T field strength would provide adequate image quality for this purpose and, with the addition of fast imaging techniques, has the potential to provide 4D soft-tissue visualization not presently available in image-guided radiotherapy systems. The authors' initial design incorporates a permanent magnet; however, other types of magnets and field strengths could also be incorporated. Usable MR images were obtained during linac irradiation from the linac-MR prototype. The authors' prototype design can be used as the functional starting point in developing real-time MR guidance offering soft-tissue contrast that can be coupled with tumor tracking for real-time adaptive radiotherapy.
Planar polarization of the atypical myosin Dachs orients cell divisions in <i>Drosophila</i> (2011)

Tissues can grow in a particular direction by controlling the orientation of cell divisions. This phenomenon is evident in the developing Drosophila wing epithelium, where the tissue becomes elongated along the proximal-distal axis. We show that orientation of cell divisions in the wing requires planar polarization of an atypical myosin, Dachs. Our evidence suggests that Dachs constricts cell-cell junctions to alter the geometry of cell shapes at the apical surface, and that cell shape then determines the orientation of the mitotic spindle. Using a computational model of a growing epithelium, we show that polarized cell tension is sufficient to orient cell shapes, cell divisions, and tissue growth. Planar polarization of Dachs is ultimately oriented by long-range gradients emanating from compartment boundaries, and is therefore a mechanism linking these gradients with the control of tissue shape.
Coulée continue de brames minces et laminage combinés : une technologie de VAI (1991)

La technologie combinant la coulée continue de brames minces et le laminage a été développée par VAI dans le but de conjuguer les économies de coûts réalisables grâce au procédé de coulée continue à dimensions quasi finales, d’une part, et l’efficacité et la productivité de la technologie moderne de la coulée continue et du laminage, d’autre part.D’importantes recherches, en particulier au niveau de l’alimentation et de la coulée à grande vitesse, ont été effectuées en laboratoire et en usine avant que ne soient coulées en continu les premières brames minces chez Avesta AB en Suède.
Classification of Emojis using Artificial Neural Network and Natural Language Processing (2021)

This paper presents a generalized system which can be integrated with any machine learning or deep learning classification algorithm to find the intended interpretation of an emoji in a sentence. The primary purpose of this system is to detect and translate the offensive or the sexual meanings represented by the emojis into English words so that it can be classified by any classifier. The system is designed to store and retrieve the emojis and their meanings into a hierarchical lookup data structure. This data structure uses natural language processing to translate an emoji or a string of emojis into the meaning that best fits the sentence in which they were in. As a result, this system was able to determine the possible meaning from all the plausible meaning of an emoji or a string of emojis with respect to the statement. These results were further supported and validated by the high accuracy of the deep learning classifier used to classify the translated sentences.
Syngas chemical looping process: Dynamic modeling of a moving‐bed reducer (2013)

The syngas chemical looping process coproduces hydrogen and electricity with iron oxide based oxygen carriers in a circulating moving bed system. In this article, a one‐dimensional (1‐D) dynamic model is developed to simulate the countercurrent gas–solid reactive flow in the moving‐bed reducer. This model is validated by TGA and bench‐scale experiments. Both the steady state and dynamic composition profiles are obtained to help understand the reaction and reactor behaviors. Numerical simulation on the effects of reactor length is conducted to optimize the moving‐bed reducer design. It is also found that minor variations in the feed rate ratio near a critical point that is represented by the reaction equilibrium could yield a significant difference in the time required for the reactions to reach a steady‐state operation. Such a difference has an important practical implication in that the moving‐bed reducer should be designed and operated to circumvent the critical point. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 3432–3443, 2013
Devouring the Other: Democracy in Music Education. (2008)

The content of this article is the sole responsibility of the author. The ACT Journal and the Mayday Group are not liable for any legal actions that may arise involving the article&apos;s content, including, but not limited to, copyright infringement.
Fractal analysis of region-based vascular change in the normal and non-proliferative diabetic retina (2002)

Purpose. Evaluation of normal and abnormal vascular pattern in the human retina using a novel method: quantitative region-based fractal analysis. Methods. Binary (black/white) vascular patterns of the human retina originating at the optic disc were obtained by semi-automatic computer processing of digital images from 60-degree fundus fluorescein angiography of 5 normal eyes and 5 eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). As determined by image resolution, vascular patterns included vessels with diameters =50 µm and excluded small vessels and capillaries. The density of linearized (i.e., skeletonized) vascular patterns in the macular region versus paramacular region (termed “region-based” linearized vascular pattern) was quantified with the fractal dimension (D f) and confirmed by grid intersection (? v) . Results. By region-based quantification, D f and ? v were significantly higher in the normal macular region than in the NPDR macular region (p = 0.008 and p = 0.019, respectively). However, differences in D f and ? v between the normal and NPDR paramacular regions were not strongly signficant (p = 0.168 and p = 0.337, respectively). Conclusions. Results from the retrospective analytical study demonstrate the feasibility of using quantitative region-based fractal analysis of early-stage vascular disease in the human retina. The results are encouraging for a broader study of diverse patient populations.
The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Gallium Arsenide Phosphide Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures, (1973)

MIS capacitors were fabricated on n-type GaAs0.5P0.5 using a thermally grown chromium-doped insulator and chromium gate electrode. The fabrication procedures which lead to stable devices are described. The devices were exposed to both Co60 gamma rays and high-energy electrons. A qualitative model which relies on carrier injection and trapping in the GaAsP disordered region is proposed to explain the observed radiation-induced space charge buildup in the capacitors. Radiation-induced increases in the fast interface-state density were generally less than 15 percent of the pre-irradiation values and were found to be independent of radiation type and dose, as well as the gate bias applied during irradiation. Thermal annealing experiments show that the radiation-induced charge can be completely annealed at a temperature of 150C, independent of the gate bias applied during annealing. (Modified author abstract)