gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling and control of acoustic-structure interaction in 3-D enclosures (2003)

This paper addresses modelling, system identification, and control of acoustic-structure interaction dynamics for 3D enclosures. The specific configuration of interest is the one in which an acoustic disturbance is created by one of the vibrating boundaries of the enclosure. The mathematical modelling approach presented in this paper can be extended to model acoustic-structure interaction dynamics in many important real-life systems such as aircraft cabins. The transfer function and state-space models are also obtained in analytical form. The analytical model is compared with the experimental data. An alternate modelling approach using system identification techniques is also used. Differences in analytical and experimentally identified models are discussed and selected control design strategies are outlined for broadband reduction of noise.
MAPVAR - A Computer Program to Transfer Solution Data Between Finite Element Meshes (1999)

MAPVAR, as was the case with its precursor programs, MERLIN and MERLIN II, is designed to transfer solution results from one finite element mesh to another. MAPVAR draws heavily from the structure and coding of MERLIN II, but it employs a new finite element data base, EXODUS II, and offers enhanced speed and new capabilities not available in MERLIN II. In keeping with the MERLIN II documentation, the computational algorithms used in MAPVAR are described. User instructions are presented. Example problems are included to demonstrate the operation of the code and the effects of various input options.
A diagonal paper-electrophoretic technique for studying amino acid sequences around the cysteine and cystine residues of proteins (1967)

1. A diagonal electrophoretic technique for studying the amino acid sequence around cysteine and cystine residues in proteins is described. The residues are first converted into S-aminoethylcysteine, and the protein is then treated with S-ethyl trifluorothioacetate, which trifluoroacetylates all the protein amino groups. The modified protein is digested enzymically and the resulting peptides are separated by paper electrophoresis. After exposure of the peptides on the paper to ammonia vapour, the electrophoresis is repeated, this time at right angles to the original direction. Peptides from which a trifluoroacetyl group is removed by the ammonia treatment will vacate the 45 degrees diagonal formed by all other unaffected peptides owing to the exposure of an additional amino group and consequent increased electrophoretic mobility towards the cathode. Peptides containing lysine or S-aminoethylcysteine are readily purified by this technique. 2. The successful application of the technique to bovine insulin is described. 3. Various methods for distinguishing peptides containing lysine from those containing S-aminoethylcysteine in more complicated proteins are suggested and discussed.
Global distribution of the sickle cell gene and geographical confirmation of the malaria hypothesis (2010)

It has been 100 years since the first report of sickle haemoglobin (HbS). More than 50 years ago, it was suggested that the gene responsible for this disorder could reach high frequencies because of resistance conferred against malaria by the heterozygous carrier state. This traditional example of balancing selection is known as the 'malaria hypothesis'. However, the geographical relationship between the transmission intensity of malaria and associated HbS burden has never been formally investigated on a global scale. Here, we use a comprehensive data assembly of HbS allele frequencies to generate the first evidence-based map of the worldwide distribution of the gene in a Bayesian geostatistical framework. We compare this map with the pre-intervention distribution of malaria endemicity, using a novel geostatistical area-mean comparison. We find geographical support for the malaria hypothesis globally; the relationship is relatively strong in Africa but cannot be resolved in the Americas or in Asia.
Percutaneous lumbar discectomy. Review of 100 patients and current practice. (1989)

In a prospective study, 100 patients with 102 herniations of the nucleus pulposus at L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 and unremitting radicular pain were treated by percutaneous lumbar discectomy. Ninety-three patients were available for follow-up examination. Three patients had died, and four patients could not be located for this review, but all had been followed for more than one year postoperatively and were judged to have had an excellent result at the time of the last follow-up examination. Fifty-nine patients have been followed for longer than two years postoperatively, with a maximum follow-up period of six years. Evaluations were based on modified MacNab criteria and patient interview, questionnaire, and examination. Eighty-one patients (87%) were judged to be successes, since they were pain-free and had returned to gainful employment and their preinjury activity levels. Twelve patients' operations (13%) were judged to be failures and required repeat surgical procedures at the level of the presenting pathologic condition. Three patients (not included in the follow-up group) died of unrelated causes; they had been followed for a minimum of 15 months postoperatively and were previously judged to have had an excellent result. No major complications, including superficial or deep infections, discitis, or neurovascular compromise, were encountered. Meticulous selection of patients for percutaneous lumbar discectomy is the key to success with the method.
Dengue shock syndrome: At the heart of the issue* (2007)

Department of Pediatrics Advanced Pediatric Centre; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh, India *See also p. 524. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
A Simulation of the Effects of Receive Field Contrast on Motion-Corrected EPI Time Series (2012)

The receive field of MRI imparts an image contrast which is spatially fixed relative to the receive coil. If motion correction is used to correct subject motion occurring during an EPI time series then the receiver contrast will effectively move relative to the subject and produce temporal modulations in the image amplitude. This effect, which we will call the RFC-MoCo effect, may have consequences in the analysis and interpretation of fMRI results. There are many potential causes of motion-related noise and systematic error in EPI time series and isolating the RFC-MoCo effect would be difficult. Therefore, we have undertaken a simulation of this effect to better understand its severity. The simulations examine this effect for a receive-only single-channel 16-leg birdcage coil and a receive-only 12-channel phased array. In particular we study: (1) The effect size; (2) Its consequences to the temporal correlations between signals arising at different spatial locations (spatial-temporal correlations) as is often calculated in resting state fMRI analyses; and (3) Its impact on the temporal signal-to-noise ratio of an EPI time series. We find that signal changes arising from the RFC-MoCo effect are likely to compete with BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) signal changes in the presence of significant motion, even under the assumption of perfect motion correction. Consequently, we find that the RFC-MoCo effect may lead to spurious temporal correlations across the image space, and that temporal SNR may be degraded with increasing motion.
Lumbar Muscle Fatigue and Chronic Lower Back Pain (1989)

There currently is a clinical need for an objective technique to assess muscle dysfunction associated with chronic lower back pain. A Back Analysis System for objectively measuring local fatigue in the back extensor muscles is presented. The reliability and validity of this technique was evaluated by testing chronic low-back pain patients and control subjects without back pain. Concurrent surface electromyograms (EMG) were detected from multiple back muscles during sustained isometric contractions at different force levels of trunk extension. Median frequency parameters of the EMG power density spectrum were monitored to quantify localized muscle fatigue. Results indicated: 1) high reliability estimates for repeated trials; 2) significant differences (P less than 0.05) in median frequency parameters between lower back pain patients and control subjects for specific combinations of contractile force level and muscle site tested; 3) Median Frequency parameters correctly classified lower back pain and control subjects using a two-group discriminant analysis procedure. The applicability of this technique as a treatment outcome measure and diagnostic screening method for lower back pain patients is discussed.
Real-Time <i>in Vivo</i> Simultaneous Measurements of Nitric Oxide and Oxygen Using an Amperometric Dual Microsensor (2010)

This paper reports a real-time study of the codynamical changes in the release of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O(2)) consumption in a rat neocortex in vivo upon electrical stimulation using an amperometric NO/O(2) dual microsensor. Electrical stimulation induced transient cerebral hypoxia due to the increased metabolic demands that were not met by the blood volume inside the stimulated cortical region. A NO/O(2) dual microsensor was successfully used to monitor the pair of real-time dynamic changes in the tissue NO and O(2) contents. At the onset of electrical stimulation, there was an immediate decrease in the cortical tissue O(2) followed by a subsequent increase in the cortical tissue NO content. The averages of the maximum normalized concentration changes induced by the stimulation were a 0.41 (±0.04)-fold decrease in the O(2) and a 3.6 (±0.9)-fold increase in the NO concentrations when compared with the corresponding normalized basal levels. The peak increase in NO was always preceded by the peak decrease in O(2) in all animals (n = 11). The delay between the maximum decrease in O(2) and the maximum increase in NO varied from 3.1 to 54.8 s. This rather wide variation in the temporal associations was presumably attributed to the sparse distribution of NOS-containing neurons and the individual animal's differences in brain vasculatures, which suggests that a sensor with fine spatial resolution is needed to measure the location-specific real-time NO and O(2) contents. In summary, the developed NO/O(2) dual microsensor is effective for measuring the NO and O(2) contents in vivo. This study provides direct support for the dynamic role of NO in regulating the cerebral hemodynamics, particularly related to the tissue oxygenation.
Interferometry by deconvolution: Part 1 — Theory for acoustic waves and numerical examples (2008)

Abstract Interferometry allows for synthesis of data recorded at any two receivers into waves that propagate between these receivers as if one of them behaves as a source. This is accomplished typically by crosscorrelations. Based on perturbation theory and representation theorems, we show that interferometry also can be done by deconvolutions for arbitrary media and multidimensional experiments. This is important for interferometry applications in which (1) excitation is a complicated source-time function and/or (2) when wavefield separation methods are used along with interferometry to retrieve specific arrivals. Unlike using crosscorrelations, this method yields only causal scattered waves that propagate between the receivers. We offer a physical interpretation of deconvolution interferometry based on scattering theory. Here we show that deconvolution interferometry in acoustic media imposes an extra boundary condition, which we refer to as the free-point or clamped-point boundary condition, depending on the measured field quantity. This boundary condition generates so-called free-point scattering interactions, which are described in detail. The extra boundary condition and its associated artifacts can be circumvented by separating the reference waves from scattered wavefields prior to interferometry. Three wavefield-separation methods that can be used in interferometry are direct-wave interferometry, dual-field interferometry, and shot-domain separation. Each has different objectives and requirements.
The Problem of Motion Picture Projection from Continuously Moving Film (1932)

A summary of the advantages claimed for non-intermittent projectors is given. This is followed by a list of questions which the writers think should be answered with regard to any projector of this type.The various projector types are then classified according to the optical means used to form a fixed image. Two types of error are noted and each type of projector listed is discussed keeping these in mind.A reference table is appended to serve as a rapid review.
Photoinduced absorption and photoinduced reflectance in conducting polymer/methanofullerene films: Nonlinear-optical changes in the complex index of refraction (1996)

We report photoinduced absorption (PIA) and photoinduced reflectance (PIR) spectra of poly(3-octyl thiophene)/methanofullerene films. As a result of the efficient photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer, the PIA and PIR spectra of the composite films are significantly enhanced in magnitude over those in either of the component materials. From the PIA and PIR spectra, the corresponding changes in the complex refractive index \ensuremath{\Delta}N=\ensuremath{\Delta}n(\ensuremath{\omega})+i\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega}) are obtained. The results indicate that the PIA spectra are dominated by \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega}); the subgap electronic absorptions peak at approximately 0.1 and 1.6 eV. The PIR spectra are dominated mainly by \ensuremath{\Delta}n(\ensuremath{\omega}), which exhibits a derivative spectral shape with zero crossing at 0.1 eV. The implications of these photoinduced changes in the index resulting from photoexcitations are discussed in terms of potential optoelectronic and nonlinear-optical applications of these materials. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
User Loss -- A Forced-Choice-Inspired Approach to Train Neural Networks directly by User Interaction (2018)

In this paper, we investigate whether is it possible to train a neural network directly from user inputs. We consider this approach to be highly relevant for applications in which the point of optimality is not well-defined and user-dependent. Our application is medical image denoising which is essential in fluoroscopy imaging. In this field every user, i.e. physician, has a different flavor and image quality needs to be tailored towards each individual. To address this important problem, we propose to construct a loss function derived from a forced-choice experiment. In order to make the learning problem feasible, we operate in the domain of precision learning, i.e., we inspire the network architecture by traditional signal processing methods in order to reduce the number of trainable parameters. The algorithm that was used for this is a Laplacian pyramid with only six trainable parameters. In the experimental results, we demonstrate that two image experts who prefer different filter characteristics between sharpness and de-noising can be created using our approach. Also models trained for a specific user perform best on this users test data. This approach opens the way towards implementation of direct user feedback in deep learning and is applicable for a wide range of application.
Postnatal Development of Corticospinal Projections from Motor Cortex to the Cervical Enlargement in the Macaque Monkey (1997)

The postnatal development of corticospinal projections was investigated in 11 macaques by means of the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutin-horseradish peroxidase injected into the primary motor cortex hand area. Although the fibers of the corticospinal tract reached all levels of the spinal cord white matter at birth, their penetration into the gray matter was far from complete. At birth, as in the adult, corticospinal projections were distributed to the same regions of the intermediate zone, although they showed marked increases in density during the first 5 months. The unique feature of the primate corticospinal tract, namely direct cortico-motoneuronal projections to the spinal motor nuclei innervating hand muscles, was not present to a significant extent at birth. The density of these cortico-motoneuronal projections increased rapidly during the first 5 months, followed by a protracted period extending into the second year of life. The densest corticospinal terminations occupied only 40% of the hand motor nuclei in the first thoracic segment at 1 month, 73% at 5 months, and 75.5% at 3 years. A caudo-rostral gradient of termination density within the hand motor nuclei was present throughout development and persisted into the adult. As a consequence, the more caudal the segment within the cervical enlargement, the earlier the adult pattern of projection density was reached. No transitory corticospinal projections were found. The continuous postnatal expansion of cortico-motoneuronal projections to hand motor nuclei in primates is in marked contrast to the retraction of exuberant projections that characterizes the development of other sensory and motor pathways in subprimates.
Knowledge-based exception handling in securities transactions (2004)

With rising trading volumes and increasing risks in securities transactions, the securities industry is making an effort to achieve straight through processing to shorten the trade lifecycle and minimize transaction risk. While attempting to shorten the settlement cycle, the trade information must be passed within the trade lifecycle in a timely and accurate fashion. Exception handling is critical to make sure trades that give rise to exceptions or trades containing errors need to be detected and reconciled in compressed timescales. In order for a knowledge level solution for exception handling, the technology of intelligent agents is applied in this research. Intelligent agents with their knowledge base and properties of autonomy, activity and pro-activity are well suited for business exception handling. Based on analysis on exceptions occurred in securities transactions and process of exception reconciliation, several types of intelligent agents are proposed and a multi-agent framework is presented for exception handling in securities trading. Furthermore, business knowledge such as business rules and strategies are extracted from securities trading and settlement practice, and applied to the design of individual agents to make them act autonomously and collaboratively to fulfil the goal of exception reconciliation. By separating business logic from business model, such business rules approach can enhance the flexibility and adaptability of our agent-based exception handling system.
Perturbations in the Urinary Exosome in Transplant Rejection (2015)

A rapid urinary exosome isolation method and quantitative measurement of enriched Ue proteins was applied. Perturbed proteins in the exosomal compartment of urine collected from kidney transplant patients were specific to inflammatory responses, and were not observed in the Ue fraction from normal healthy subjects. Ue-specific protein alterations in renal disease provide potential mechanistic insights and offer a unique panel of sensitive biomarkers for monitoring AR.
Fgf-dependent depletion of microRNA-133 promotes appendage regeneration in zebrafish (2008)

Appendage regeneration is defined by rapid changes in gene expression that achieve dramatic developmental effects, suggesting involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we find dynamic regulation of many miRNAs during zebrafish fin regeneration. In particular, miR-133 levels are high in uninjured fins but low during regeneration. When regeneration was blocked by Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) receptor inhibition, high miR-133 levels were quickly restored. Experimentally increasing amounts of miR-133 attenuated fin regeneration. Conversely, miR-133 antagonism during Fgf receptor inhibition accelerated regeneration through increased proliferation within the regeneration blastema. The Mps1 kinase, an established positive regulator of blastemal proliferation, is an in vivo target of miR-133. Our findings identify miRNA depletion as a new regulatory mechanism for complex tissue regeneration.
High ceruloplasmin levels are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder: a case control study (2008)

Although the nature of relationship is not clear there was an association between ceruloplasmin levels and OCD in our study.
A Virtual Reality System Using View-Dependent Stereoscopic Rendering (2014)

In this research, we suggest and implement a virtual reality system which dynamically generates the 3D stereoscopic content based on the viewing direction of the user towards a 3D screen. We propose a new approach for computing projection parameters used in OpenGL. The well-known stereoscopic rendering technique, which is called off-axis, is replaced by proposed technique that involves the changes of camera position into the process of constructing two viewing frustums for typical 3D rendering. We also introduce an approach to estimate viewer's face position in the physical screen space using inverse intrinsic matrix of digital webcam known through calibration process. Then, we extract and assign the eyes positions to virtual stereo camera positions in rendering pipeline. With the system, the real 3D perspective is achieved by using only inexpensive devices, and rendered content remains as a real physical scene with immersive dimension.
Chemistry of 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanesR. Jeyaraman and S. AvilaCite this: Chem. Rev. 1981, 81, 2, 149–174Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00042a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views669Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Economic Evaluation of EOR Project Based on Options Differential Equation Method (2012)

China began to research the tertiary oil recovery process from the 1980s, This technology is very mature in the current, but the economic benefits for the EOR project evaluation studies is relatively less and simple, moreover, the evaluation method is single, almost all enterprises have chosen to use net present value method. But net present value method ignore the flexibility which is managed by the decision-makers under uncertainty, not suitable for oil field development investment project evaluation. Real option valuation and strategic decision-making as an important way of thinking, often used in the evaluation of oil exploration, but for oil and gas production dynamic process of evaluation studies are rarely involved. As the EOR project has the option characteristics, this article will introduce the idea of real options to the EOR project and trying to establish the differential equation model of the EOR project evaluation. Differential equations is used for tertiary oil recovery project to analyze the option value is an attempt of this article.