gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor‐mediated interaction of ricin with the lipid bilayer of ganglioside G<sub>M1</sub>‐liposomes (1987)

The interaction of ricin with ganglioside GM1 or glycoprotein containing liposomes was investigated. At neutral pH, ricin bound to galactose moieties on the surface of the liposomes to form ricin-liposomes complexes, but did not associate with their lipid bilayers. When these ricin-liposomes complexes were exposed to a pH below 5, ricin bound to GM1-liposomes became associated with the lipid bilayer, whereas ricin bound to glycoprotein-liposomes (containing human erythrocyte Band 3) was only rarely associated. Association of ricin with the lipid bilayer of GM1-liposomes did not occur in the presence of lactose, which inhibits the binding of ricin to ganglioside GM1. Using a hydrophobic probe, 8-amino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), it was revealed that an acidity below pH 5 resulted in exposure of hydrophobic regions on the ricin molecule. These results strongly suggest that association of ricin with the lipid bilayer of GM1-liposomes at acidic pH is mediated by the binding of ricin to ganglioside GM1 at neutral pH and occurs through interaction between the exposed hydrophobic region on the ricin molecule and the lipid bilayer of GM1-liposomes at low pH.
Findings of the 2018 Conference on Machine Translation (WMT18) (2018)

Ondřej Bojar, Christian Federmann, Mark Fishel, Yvette Graham, Barry Haddow, Matthias Huck, Philipp Koehn, Christof Monz. Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Shared Task Papers. 2018.
Designing and Fabrication of the VLD Edge Termination for 3.3 kV SiC SBD (2014)

Edge termination guaranteeing high breakdown voltage and robustness in its fabrication are required in SiC power devices. We newly employed the VLD edge termination for 3.3 kV-rated SiC SBDs, which was formed by Al ion implantation using a resist mask having a varying thickness. The breakdown voltage is recorded to be over 96% of the parallel-plane breakdown voltage, and the reverse bias characteristics are well accorded with the result of TCAD simulation.
UDP-galactose:globotriaosylceramide alpha-galactosyltransferase activity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12h) cells. (1992)

The activity of alpha-galactosyltransferase in cultured rat pheochromocytoma subcloned (PC12h) cells was examined using Gb3 as the acceptor for the galactose from UDP-galactose. The major reaction product was identified as gal alpha 1-3Gb3 based on its mobility on thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plates and susceptibility to specific galactosidases. The enzyme activity in PC12h cells was the highest at pH 7.0 while the presence of Triton CF-54 (0.1%) and Mn2+ (5 mM) was required for its full activity. The apparent Km values for Gb3 and UDP-galactose were 57 and 17 microM, respectively. The enzyme activity in PC12h cells was compared with that in parent PC12 cells, in which gal alpha 1-3Gb3 is not expressed in an appreciable amount. In the enzyme reaction with exogenous Gb3, the enzyme activity in PC12h cells was about 1.5-fold higher than that in PC12 cells. In the absence of exogenous Gb3, this difference became even more pronounced; gal alpha 1-3Gb3 was generated from endogenous Gb3 at a much higher rate in PC12h cells than in PC12 cells. These findings suggest that the higher level of the alpha-galactosyltransferase activity in PC12h cells may, at least in part, be responsible for the accumulation of unique neutral glycosphingolipids having gal alpha 1-3 terminal residues in the cells.
McDonaldization (2017)

Abstract The sociological concept of McDonaldization denotes, in the most direct sense, the diffusion of the mode of operation of the McDonald's restaurants chain to other service and retail organizations. More broadly, however, it denotes that this practice is becoming a pattern of social operation and a major social phenomenon, far beyond the specificity of its original setting and, on the broadest scope, the concept denotes the paradigmatic essence of the modernization process as such. The meaning of the concept thus unfolds along a continuum from a case (the firm), to a pattern (the social phenomenon), and to an icon of a whole culture (modernity): meanings that are interrelated, but also distinct.
Plasma from Aged Stored Red Blood Cells Delays Neutrophil Apoptosis and Primes for Cytotoxicity: Abrogation by Poststorage Washing but Not Prestorage Leukoreduction (2001)

Plasma from stored RBCs-even if leukoreduced-delays apoptosis and primes PMNs. The effect becomes evident at 21 days and worsens through product outdate (42 days), but may be prevented by poststorage washing. Inflammatory agents contaminating stored blood likely mediate the effect. Modification of transfusion practices (e.g., giving fresher or washed RBCs or blood substitutes) may attenuate adverse immunomodulatory effects of transfusion in trauma patients.
Effect of Impurities on Electrical Solid‐state Properties of Barium Titanate (1959)

Results are presented in which BaTiO 2 single crystals with various impurity additions were grown and their effect on crystal quality, switching behavior, and electrical solid‐state properties was investigated.
Why we blog (2004)

Bloggers are driven to document their lives, provide commentary and opinions, express deeply felt emotions, articulate ideas through writing, and form and maintain community forums.
Obesity, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The 3 PPAR isotypes, PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and PPAR-delta, play a key role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Obesity and the interrelated disorders of the metabolic syndrome have become a major worldwide health problem. In this review, we summarize the critical role of PPARs in regulating inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism, and glucose homeostasis and their potential implications for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
New method for low cost and efficient optical connections between singlemode fibres and silica guides (1991)

A new method is presented of using dry etched U grooves in silicon able to give low cost and efficient optical connections without any active alignment between singlemodc fibres and silica waveguides fabricated on silicon substrates. A rugged assembly including a 35 mm long channel guide with two pigtails and exhibiting total power loss lower than 0.8 dB has been demonstrated.
3-D Printed Microwave Patch Antenna via Fused Deposition Method and Ultrasonic Wire Mesh Embedding Technique (2015)

In this work, the design, fabrication and characterization of a 3-D printed microwave patch antenna is presented. The antenna is fabricated by combining fused filament fabrication method for the dielectric part and ultrasonic metal wire mesh embedding approach for the conductor part. Full wave finite-element simulations for different wire mesh structures and also the entire antenna have been done to make sure the embedded wire mesh has good performance at microwave frequency. A microstrip patch antenna working around 7.5 GHz is printed and characterized to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this technique. The measured reflection coefficient shows a good resonance peak at 7.5 GHz. The measured gain of this antenna is 5.5 dB at the resonance frequency. Good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained in both reflection coefficient and radiation pattern.
Microwave and convective dehydration of ethanol treated and frozen apple – physical properties and drying kinetics (2002)

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine how the drying kinetics and physical properties of apples are affected by pre-treatment with 95% ethanol or freezing at –18 °C before microwave-assisted air dehydration at 50, 60 and 70 °C. Microwave heating was used to obtain these temperatures in the centre of the apple cubes. After dehydration the shrinkage and rehydration capacity were measured. The texture of dehydrated and rehydrated samples was analysed with a puncture test in a texture analyser. Samples were also analysed with confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the correlation between physical and microstructural properties. Diffusivity in the different dehydration processes was calculated. Ethanol-treated apples showed both high rehydration and high effective rehydration capacity compared with the other samples. Freezing before dehydration increased the diffusivity and reduced the firmness of rehydrated apples compared with no pre-treatment.
A parallel shortest augmenting path algorithm for the assignment problem (1991)

A parallel version of the shortest augmenting path algorithm for the assignment problem 1s described. Although generating the initial dual solution and partial assignment in parallel does not require substantive changes in the sequential algorlthm, using several augmenting paths in parallel does require a new dual variable recalculation method. The parallel algorithm was tested on a 14-bit processor Butterfly Plus computer, on problems with up to 900 million variables. The speedup obtained increases with problem size. The algorlthm was also embedded mto a parallel branch and bound procedure for the traveling salesman problem on a directed graph. which was tested on the Butterfly Plus on problems involving up to 30,000 cities.
Hydrolysis Products of the Monomeric Amine Complex (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N<sub>3</sub>)FeCl<sub>3</sub>: The Structure of the Octameric Iron(<scp>III</scp>) Cation of {[(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>8</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>‐O)<sub>2</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>‐OH)<sub>12</sub>]Br<sub>7</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)}Br·8H<sub>2</sub>O (1984)

An extraordinary cation with eight Fe III centres is contained in the title compound. It has been characterized X‐ray crystallographically as the first Fe III ‐oligomer with more than three centres. Besides the strong bridging by oxo‐ and hydroxo‐groups the “hydrophobization” of the surface by the six amine ligands is worthy of note. In the crystal, seven of the eight Br ⊖ ions and a H 2 O molecule are associated with the cation—it can thus be regarded as a bromide‐ion bearing complex monocation.
Batten disease: evaluation of CLN3 mutations on protein localization and function (2000)

Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), Batten disease, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease associated with mutations in CLN3. CLN3 has no known homology to other proteins and a function has not yet been described. The predominant mutation in CLN3 is a 1.02 kb genomic deletion that accounts for nearly 85% of the disease alleles. In this mutation, truncation of the protein by a premature stop codon results in the classical phenotype. Additional missense and nonsense mutations have been described. Some missense substitutions result in a protracted phenotype, with delays in the onset of classical clinical features, whereas others lead to classical JNCL. In this study, we examined the effect of naturally occurring point mutations on the intracellular localization of CLN3 and their ability to complement the CLN3-deficient yeast, btn1-Delta. We also examined a putative farnesylation motif thought to be involved in CLN3 trafficking. All of the point mutations, like wild-type CLN3, were highly associated with lysosome-associated membrane protein II in non-neuronal cells and with synaptophysin in neuronal cell lines. In the yeast functional assay, point mutations correlating with a mild phenotype also demonstrated CLN3 activity, whereas the mutations associated with severe disease failed to restore CLN3 function completely. CLN3 with a mutation in the farnesylation motif trafficked normally but was functionally impaired. These data suggest that these clinically relevant point mutations, causative of Batten disease, do not affect protein trafficking but rather exert their effects by impairing protein function.
Amino acid sequence of proteinase K from the mold <i>Tritirachium album</i> Limber (1986)

The amino acid sequence of proteinase K (EC 3.4.21.14) from Tritirachium album Limber has been determined by analysis of fragments generated by cleavage with CNBr or BNPS‐skatole. The enzyme consists of a single peptide chain containing 277 amino acid residues, corresponding to M r 28 930. Comparison of the sequence with those of the serine proteinases reveals a high degree of homology (about 35%) to the subtilisin‐related enzyme. But in contrast to the subtilisins, proteinase K contains 2 disulfide bonds and a free cysteine residue. This finding may indicate that proteinase K is a member of a new subfamily of the subtilisins.
Evidence for generation of the growth hormone-binding protein through proteolysis of the growth hormone membrane receptor (1993)

The growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) which circulates in plasma is a soluble short form of the membrane growth hormone receptor (GHR). In rats and mice, GHR and GHBP originate from two alternatively spliced mRNAs (4.5 and 1.2 kb). In human and rabbit tissues, a single predominant mRNA of 4.5 kb was detected and it was hypothesized that GHBP could be produced by proteolytic cleavage of the GHR. Using gel filtration and HPLC, we have detected a high level of GH binding activity in media of cells transfected with rabbit GHR cDNA. The [125I]hGH-GHBP complex eluted at the same time as the plasma complex and both the binding affinity and specificity of the BP were comparable to that of rabbit plasma. Immunoprecipitation experiments and Western blots confirmed that GHBP in the media of transfected cells was a 55 kDa protein related to the extracellular domain of the GHR. In contrast, no BP was detected in the media of cells transfected with the cDNA encoding the rat GHR. These results strongly suggest that, in rabbit and probably in man, the GHBP could, at least in part, be produced by proteolytic cleavage of the GHR.
Therapeutic activity of an inhaled potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing human monoclonal antibody in hamsters (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 infection results in viral burden in the respiratory tract, enabling transmission and leading to substantial lung pathology. The 1212C2 fully human monoclonal antibody was derived from an IgM memory B cell of a COVID-19 patient, has high affinity for the Spike protein receptor binding domain, neutralizes SARS-CoV-2, and exhibits <i>in vivo</i> prophylactic and therapeutic activity in hamsters when delivered intraperitoneally, reducing upper and lower respiratory viral burden and lung pathology. Inhalation of nebulized 1212C2 at levels as low as 0.6 mg/kg, corresponding to 0.03 mg/kg lung-deposited dose, reduced the viral burden below the detection limit and mitigated lung pathology. The therapeutic efficacy of an exceedingly low dose of inhaled 1212C2 supports the rationale for local lung delivery for dose-sparing benefits, as compared to the conventional parenteral route of administration. These results suggest that the clinical development of 1212C2 formulated and delivered via inhalation for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered.
Recoverable Liquid Metal Paste with Reversible Rheological Characteristic for Electronics Printing (2020)

Gallium-based liquid metals are applied in the fabrication of soft electronics because of their conductivity and flexibility. However, the large surface tension and weak adhesion of liquid metals limit the available printing substrates. Recent researches indicate that amalgamating metal particles can turn liquid metal from fluid into a paste which has superb electrical conductivity, plasticity, and strong adhesion to substrates. In this work, a recoverable liquid metal paste was made by mixing eutectic Ga-In alloy and nonmetallic SiO<sub>2</sub> (quartz) particles (Ga-In-SiO<sub>2</sub> paste, called GIS). GIS has excellent conductivity and printable properties similar to those of previously reported liquid metal pastes. Furthermore, the bonding between Ga-In alloy and quartz particles is reversible. In acidic or alkaline solution, Ga-In alloy can be separated from quartz particles and agglomerated to bulk by stirring. Moreover, the study of the mechanism of adhesion behavior suggests that extruding fresh liquid metal droplets to form more oxide and shearing friction are the critical factors for adhesion. This work proposed a new liquid metal paste with a reversible rheological property and promoted the understanding of the working principle of liquid metal paste.
Causal inference in sensorimotor integration (2007)

Many recent studies analyze how data from different modalities can be combined. Often this is modeled as a system that optimally combines several sources of information about the same variable. However, it has long been realized that this information combining depends on the interpretation of the data. Two cues that are perceived by different modalities can have different causal relationships: (1) They can both have the same cause, in this case we should fully integrate both cues into a joint estimate. (2) They can have distinct causes, in which case information should be processed independently. In many cases we will not know if there is one joint cause or two independent causes that are responsible for the cues. Here we model this situation as a Bayesian estimation problem. We are thus able to explain some experiments on visual auditory cue combination as well as some experiments on visual proprioceptive cue integration. Our analysis shows that the problem solved by people when they combine cues to produce a movement is much more complicated than is usually assumed, because they need to infer the causal structure that is underlying their sensory experience.
Soluble THSD7A Is an N-Glycoprotein That Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Tube Formation in Angiogenesis (2011)

Taken together, our results indicate that THSD7A is a membrane-associated N-glycoprotein with a soluble form. Soluble THSD7A promotes endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis via a FAK-dependent mechanism and thus may be a novel neuroangiogenic factor.
Highresolution Mass Spectrometry and Accurate Mass Measurements with Emphasis on the Characterization of Peptides and Proteins by Matrixassisted Laser DesorptionIonization Timeofflight Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Fundamental concepts of high-resolution mass spectrometry as it relates to the issue of accurate mass measurements are presented. Important issues specific to magnetic sector instruments, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and time-of-flight (TOF) methods are discussed. Recent high-resolution TOF measurements on peptides and proteins, ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), are presented and discussed in terms of basic concepts important to accurate mass measurements. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of benzimidazoles in high-temperature waterThis work was presented at the Green Solvents for Catalysis Meeting held in Bruchsal, Germany, 13–16th October 2002.Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: analytical data for compounds 3a–f and 5g–j. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/gc/b2/b212394k/ (2003)

The objective of this research was to conduct constructive organic chemistry in water and to achieve yields that were comparable to, or better than, those in conventional media. The synthesis of 2-phenylbenzimidazole from 1,2-phenylenediamine and benzoic acid was chosen as a benchmark reaction. The reaction parameters, such as temperature, density and reaction time, have been systematically studied to understand whether the solvent properties of high-temperature water can have a positive effect on the chemistry. The reaction was performed in a new design of batch-type autoclave and was also monitored in situ by UV-vis spectroscopy. By tuning the parameters, the yield has been optimised to around 90%. The optimised conditions were then applied to related benzimidazoles, some of which crystallised from solution in situ to yield single crystals that were sufficiently pure to be analysed directly by X-ray diffraction, without any further purification.
Ohmic contacts to <i>n</i>-GaAs using In/Pd metallization (1987)

Ohmic contacts to n-GaAs (Si doped at 2×1018 cm−3) with contact resistances of 0.7–1.5×10−6 Ω cm2 have been formed with deposited layers of In and Pd. The layers were sequentially evaporated and then annealed at 500 °C for 20 s to form In3Pd and a top layer of In. In addition a thin (≊200 Å) reacted layer was formed at the GaAs interface. Uniform interface morphology was observed with no evidence of localized reaction.
Demography and Childcare in Preindustrial Societies (1991)

This article considers the relationships between selected demographic structures (total fertility, infant and child mortality, sex-age distribution, divorce rate, causes of death) and childcare patterns among hunter-gatherers, horticulturalists, and pastoralists. Demographic data from fifty-seven preindustrial societies indicate that the demographic structure of a population can be useful for understanding intercultural variability in caregiving practices identified in "traditional" characterizations of childcare in these populations (e.g., indulgent care, multiple caregivers, multiage play groups). Analysis of demographic structures also identifies two "emergent" features of childcare in preindustrial populations that are infrequently mentioned in socialization studies of these populations: stepparent-stepchild relations and differential investment in sons and daughters.
Isolation and characterization of CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem cells from human peripheral blood by high‐gradient magnetic cell sorting (1993)

CD34+ cells, present at a frequency of 0.18 +/- 0.052% among leukocytes from peripheral blood (PB), can be rapidly and efficiently (recovery of 39.0-74.0%) enriched to a frequency of 38.6-87.1% (54.4 +/- 12.3%) by high-gradient magnetic cell separation (MACS) for immunophenotyping, characterization in colony-forming cell (CFU) assays, and further purification to homogeneity (> 98%) by multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Enriching PB-CD34+ cells for immunophenotyping allows the detection of small subpopulations, expressing the B-cell antigens CD10, CD19, and CD20, the T-cell antigens CD45RA and CD7, and a small subpopulation expressing high levels of CD34 (1.20 +/- 0.12%), which mostly coexpress CD19 (91.9 +/- 9.05%), CD20 (64.8 +/- 14.4%), and CD38 (84.5 +/- 10.3%). All PB-CD34+ cells express elevated levels of CD71 (transferrin receptor), with a subpopulation of high expressing cells, and CD38. Some cells express CD33. MACS-enriched PB-CD34+ cells show "normal" hematopoietic colony formation in vitro. The ease and efficiency of purification of large numbers of CD34+ cells from PB by MACS is not only relevant for the characterization of migrating stem cells but also opens new possibilities for stem cell transplantation and genetic manipulation of the hematopoietic system.
Optimization of SiC:P Raised Source Drain Epitaxy for Planar 20nm Fully Depleted SOI MOSFET Structures (2013)

This paper will focus on the capability of a low-temperature cyclical deposition/etch (CDE) epitaxy process based on Si2H6 to fabricate SiCP films exhibiting very-high, electrically-active P and C concentrations with fast growth rates. This process will be characterized on blanket wafers first and optimized for raised source/drain applications in planar FDSOI technology featuring 20nm design rules. Low temperature drive-in anneal in combination with high phosphorus doping was employed leading to best resistivity values of 0.3 mΩ.cm for SiP and 0.6 mΩ.cm for SiC2%P. We will show that increasing the phosphorus concentration in the layers enables us to have the same transistor overlap after diffusion anneal for comparable resistivity with SiP films and improved carbon substitutionality. Best Ron values as low as 220Ω.μm will be reported, measured on 20nm gate length transistors in planar FDSOI technology with an optimized process.