gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New efficient target tracking based upon hidden Markov model and probabilistic data association (2002)

This paper deals with automatic detection and tracking using hidden Markov model and probabilistic data association in order to operate in a densely cluttered environment. After a theoretical description of the algorithm, Monte-Carlo performance comparisons with known methods like NNAF and PDAF are provided, in the case of sonar processing. Improvements are clearly shown in terms of detection and track splitting, for an increase of computation requirement less than 5. At sea signals analysis confirms this result.
The development of interactive games (1999)

Alertness to the changing terms of debate, familiarity with the latest scholarship and a shrewd, practical sense of what works in teaching make this collection a very worthwhile addition to course reading lists' - John Corner, University of Liverpool The Media Reader is an essential sourcebook of key statements about transformations in media culture. The Reader explores the technological, economic, social and cultural processes implicated in the production, regulation, circulation and consumption of media forms. It applies theoretical approaches, supported by a range of case studies, to past and present media transformations. Divided into four parts: Mass Communications and the Modern World; Understanding `Transformations' in Media Culture; New Media for New Times; Future Perfect?, this Reader provides a framework for examining many of the key transformations in the contemporary media environment. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers and students alike.
Zum Einfluß von Ameisensäure, Calciumformiat und Natriumhydrogencarbonat auf pH‐Wert, Trockenmassegehalt, Konzentration an Carbonsäuren und Ammoniak in verschiedenen Segmenten des Gastrointestinaltraktes (1992)

Zusammenfassung Insgesamt 72 Kreuzungsferkel wurden nach einem 42‐tägigen Wachstumsversuch mit 6 Gruppen zu je 12 Tieren geschlachtet und der Inhalt des Magens, Dünndarms, Caecums und Colons gewonnen. Es wurde versucht, die Säureanionenwirkung organischer Säuren auf T‐Gehalt, pH‐Wert, Konzentration an Carbonsäuren und Ammoniak im Gastrointestinaltrakt modellmäßig abzuleiten. Als Zulagen wurden neben einer Kontrollgruppe 1,25% Ameisensäure (Ams) und, in der dazu äquivalenten Säureanionenmenge, 1,8% Ca‐Formiat (Cafo) zugelegt. Diese drei Behandlungen wurden zusätzlich noch ohne bzw. mit 2% Natriumhydrogencarbonat (Puffer) versehen. Der Puffer sollte die pH‐Wert‐Absenkung der Ameisensäure‐Zulage im Futter wieder ausgleichen und ebenfalls Hinweise auf deren Säureanioneneffekt liefern. Bei einem postprandialen Abstand von ca. 3 Stunden senkte der Zusatz von 1,25% Ams zum Futter den pH‐Wert im Mageninhalt signifikant ab. 1,8% Cafo zeigte dagegen keinen Einfluß. Der Pufferzusatz erhöhte jeweils den pH‐Wert im Magen. Die Konzentrationen an flüchtigen Fettsäuren wurden ebenfalls nur durch Ams gesenkt, Cafo und der Puffer verursachten keine nachweisbaren Veränderungen. Im Dünndarminhalt traten keine Veränderungen im pH‐Wert und den flüchtigen Fettsäuren auf. Der Ams‐Zusatz reduzierte die Milchsäuregehalte stärker als Cafo, der Puffer erhöhte diese gesichert. Die pH‐Werte im Caecum und Colon waren durch die Behandlungen im Vergleich zur Kontrolle unbeeinflußt. Die Konzentrationen an flüchtigen Fettsäuren im Caecuminhalt waren durch Ams‐ und Cafo‐Zulage leicht vermindert, der Pufferzusatz wirkte sich jeweils erhöhend aus. Im Coloninhalt waren keine Veränderungen nachweisbar. Im Caecum und Colon waren durch Ams und Cafo über beide Pufferstufen die relativen Anteile der Essigsäure bei verminderten Buttersäureanteilen erhöht. Der Ammoniakgehalt im Magen wurde durch 1,25% Ams‐Zulage signifikant gesenkt. Der Pufferzusatz wirkte sich erhöhend aus. Auch im Dünndarminhalt waren die Ammoniakgehalte durch 1,25% Ams signifikant um 35% zur Kontrolle vermindert. 1,8% Cafo und die Ams‐Gruppe mit Pufferzusatz senkten den Ammoniakgehalt im Dünndarm um immerhin 22 bzw. 19% ab. Der Ammoniakgehalt im Caecum wurde durch Ams und Cafo um 11 bzw. 8% vermindert, in den Behandlungen mit Pufferzusatz war er jeweils erhöht. Im Colon war kein Behandlungseinfluß auf die Konzentration an Ammoniak festzustellen.
Identifying the fertile phase of the human menstrual cycle (1991)

The identification of the human fertile phase as the time during which a woman or a couple may conceive is elusive. The fertile time depends on many factors in each individual menstrual cycle and may be said to be more of a statistical than a physiological entity. This paper reviews the application of statistical methods to three areas related to conception and the fertile phase. The first is the prediction and detection of ovulation from serial measurements, such as hormones, basal body temperature and cervical mucus, throughout the menstrual cycle. Typically, such variables increase from some baseline level to a peak around ovulation (the most fertile time), then subside to low levels in the postovulatory phase. The statistical challenge is to detect the rise (signalling the onset of potential fertility) and subsequent fall. Analytic methods considered include thresholds, Bayesian change-point models and particularly the cumulative sum (cusum) technique which is both simple to apply and understand, and effective. The second area comprises appropriate methods of analysing and interpreting data from clinical studies of the fertile phase, especially in so-called natural family planning (NFP) where it is usual for women to observe several indices of potential fertility. Such studies usually try to establish the temporal relationships between markers of the fertile phase and examine the success of different combinations of markers in delineating the fertile time in comparison with a standard 'defined' phase, for example, the interval from three days before to two days after the peak of luteinizing hormone. The third area is the assessment of the probability of conception on certain days of the cycle, which is vital to the understanding of the fertile phase and its application to NFP. Direct estimation of such probabilities is impractical; instead, resort must be made to estimation by maximum likelihood of the parameters of specially constructed models. Suitable models are described. Finally, the need for a new prospective study of the probability of conception in relation to the markers of the fertile phase used in the symptothermal method of NFP is discussed.
Real-time predictive control of semiconductor manufacturing processes using neural networks (2005)

As a result of consistent demands on semiconductor manufacturers to produce circuits with increased density and complexity, stringent process control has become an issue of growing importance in this industry. Earlier work has shown that neural networks offer great promise in modeling complex fabrication processes such as reactive ion etching (RIE). Motivated by these results, this paper explores the use of neural networks for real-time, model-based control of semiconductor manufacturing processes. This objective is accomplished in part by constructing a q-step ahead predictive model for the system, which can be inverted (or approximately inverted) to achieve the desired control. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated: (1) using a process simulated by a nonlinear equation; (2) using experimental input/output data from an actual RIE process to examine run-by-run control; and (3) by performing real-time, one-step ahead predictive control of a dynamic process which reflects typical RIE behavior.
New polyoxomolybdate compounds synthesized in situ using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate as green solvent (2013)

Herein we report the facile, green syntheses of three new polyoxomolybdate-based inorganic–organic hybrid materials using room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmim)[BF4], as a green and reactive solvent. The organic imidazolium component of the RTIL was incorporated into all three structures, the μ5-oxo octamolybdate cluster compound (bmim)3NH4[Mo8O26] (1) and two Keggin-type cluster compounds, one being a charge transfer salt (bmim)4[PMoVMo11O40] (2) and the other having the unreduced anion (bmim)3[PMo12O40] (3). Phase pure and highly crystalline samples were obtained. In 1 the Mo8O26 moiety is a tetranionic cluster in its β phase. Compound 1 contains three bmim cations and an NH4+ molecule to complement the −4 charge on the octamolybdate anion. The α-phase Keggin-type anion in 2, [PMoVMo11O40]4−, contains one Mo atom in the +5 oxidation state, indicating that 2 is a charge transfer complex. The α-phase Keggin-type anion in 3, [PMo12O40]3−, has 12 fully-oxidized Mo atoms. Compound 3 has a band gap ∼3.5 eV. The catalytic nature of compound 3 in the oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde was investigated. The maximum styrene conversion was 83%, while the maximum selectivity to benzaldehyde was 96.5%. The catalyst was successfully used for five cycles without significant loss in activity or selectivity. The structure of the catalyst remains unchanged after repeated use. Our work points to the feasibility of generating a wide variety of new and useful POM-based compounds through a ‘green’ synthesis route.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1/2014 (2014)

Front Cover: Nanoparticles show intriguing self-assembly behavior when they are involved in the breath-fi gure method. Particles tend to enrich the interior rims of the obtained polymeric pore arrays. The varied morphologies of the particle assemblies are analyzed based on the connection between the breath-figure method and Pickering emulsion theory. Further details can be found in the article by W. Sun,* Y. Zhou, Y. Ju, L. Yang, T. Xu, and Z. Chen on page 96.
Extraction of time invariant lips based on Morphological Operation and Corner Detection Method (2012)

The study presents a robust yet simple technique for the extraction of lips from human face. Harris corner detection is applied on a morphologically pre-processed human face and the location and dimension of the lips along the horizontal and vertical directions are obtained. The lip dimension thus found is compared with a predetermined dimension of the same obtained through 'data cursor' operator prevailing in Matlab toolbox. The dimension obtained from the present technique is accepted only when they fall within a certain meaningful latter. The proposed technique is found to yield 88% of average correct rate of lip extraction from human faces of ORL Face Dataset.
Co-simulation of multi-ECU hardware/software system using timing back-annotation method (2009)

This paper describes a high speed and timing approximate co-simulation method for the large-scale multiple-ECUs automotive system. The timing back-annotating method is applied to accelerate the simulation speed. This paper also shows how to build/maintain large scale virtual automotive software/hardware platform model. Finally, the performance of co-simulation is evaluated by comparing the behavior of actual system and that of co-simulation.
Very large population text-independent speaker identification using transformation enhanced multi-grained models (2002)

Presents results on speaker identification with a population size of over 10000 speakers. Speaker modeling is accomplished via our transformation enhanced multigrained models. Pursuing two goals, the first is to study the performance of a number of different systems within the modeling framework of multi-grained models. The second is to analyze performance as a function of population size. We show that the most complex models within the framework perform the best and demonstrate that, in approximation, the identification error rate scales linearly with the log of the population size for the described system. Further, we develop a candidate rejection technique based on our analysis of the system performance which indicates a low confidence in the identity chosen.
Ordering Transitions of Fluoroalkyl-Ended Poly(ethylene glycol):  Rheology and SANS (2002)

Aqueous solutions of associative polymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (6K or 10K g/mol) terminated at both ends with hydrophobic fluoroalkyl segments, −(CH2)2CnF2n+1 (n = 6, 8, or 10), exhibit ordering transitions with increasing concentration. The hydrophobic cores of the micelle-like aggregates order into a body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure, as observed by small-angle neutron scattering. The aggregation number of the hydrophobic core Nag is determined by the length of the hydrophobic end group and is insensitive to polymer concentration or temperature. Ordering is enhanced by reducing PEG length for a given end group (hence, similar Nag) or by increasing end group length (larger Nag) for a given PEG length. This micelle packing effect is manifested in changes in the viscoelastic properties. Specifically, the single-relaxation behavior in the dynamic moduli changes upon ordering as a new low-frequency elastic plateau appears, and in creep a linear response changes to yielding behavior.
Blood-Brain Barrier and Delivery of Protein and Gene Therapeutics to Brain (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and treatment of the brain in aging require the development of new biologic drugs, such as recombinant proteins or gene therapies. Biologics are large molecule therapeutics that do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB drug delivery is the limiting factor in the future development of new therapeutics for the brain. The delivery of recombinant protein or gene medicines to the brain is a binary process: either the brain drug developer re-engineers the biologic with BBB drug delivery technology, or goes forward with brain drug development in the absence of a BBB delivery platform. The presence of BBB delivery technology allows for engineering the therapeutic to enable entry into the brain across the BBB from blood. Brain drug development may still take place in the absence of BBB delivery technology, but with a reliance on approaches that have rarely led to FDA approval, e.g., CSF injection, stem cells, small molecules, and others. CSF injection of drug is the most widely practiced approach to brain delivery that bypasses the BBB. However, drug injection into the CSF results in limited drug penetration to the brain parenchyma, owing to the rapid export of CSF from the brain to blood. A CSF injection of a drug is equivalent to a slow intravenous (IV) infusion of the pharmaceutical. Given the profound effect the existence of the BBB has on brain drug development, future drug or gene development for the brain will be accelerated by future advances in BBB delivery technology in parallel with new drug discovery.
Implementation of IEEE single precision floating point addition and multiplication on FPGAs (1996)

Floating point operations are hard to implement on FPGAs because of the complexity of their algorithms. On the other hand, many scientific problems require floating point arithmetic with high levels of accuracy in their calculations. Therefore, we have explored FPGA implementations of addition and multiplication for IEEE single precision floating-point numbers. Customizations were performed where this was possible in order to save chip area, or get the most out of our prototype board. The implementations tradeoff area and speed for accuracy. The adder is a bit-parallel adder, and the multiplier is a digit-serial multiplier. Prototypes have been implemented on Altera FLEX8000s, and peak rates of 7 MFlops for 32-bit addition and 2.3 MFlops for 32-bit multiplication have been obtained.
Stress Responses in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) (1991)

S-Adenosyl-l-methionine:caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) catalyzes the conversion of caffeic acid to ferulic acid, a key step in the biosynthesis of lignin monomers. We have isolated a functionally active cDNA clone (pCOMT1) encoding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) COMT by immunoscreening a lambdaZAPII cDNA expression library with anti-(aspen COMT) antibodies. The derived amino acid sequence of pCOMT1 is 86% identical to that of COMT from aspen. Southern blot analysis indicates that COMT in alfalfa is encoded by at least two genes. Addition of an elicitor preparation from bakers' yeast to alfalfa cell suspension cultures resulted in a rapid accumulation of COMT transcripts, which reached a maximum level around 19 hours postelicitation. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from different organs of alfalfa plants at various developmental stages showed that COMT transcripts are most abundant in roots and stems. Transcripts encoding ATP: i-methionine-S-adenosyl transferase (AdoMet synthetase, EC 2.5.1.6), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the methyl donor for the COMT reaction, were coinduced with COMT transcripts in elicitor-treated cells and exhibited a similar pattern of expression to that of COMT in different organs of alfalfa plants at various stages of development.
Synthesis of Poly(4-methacryloyloxy-TEMPO) via Group-Transfer Polymerization and Its Evaluation in Organic Radical Battery (2007)

Novel group-transfer polymerization (GTP) of 4-methacryloyloxy-TEMPO for the preparation of poly(4-methacryloyloxy-TEMPO) (PTMA) has been developed. The new PTMA has been tested as an active electrode material in rechargeable organic radical battery (ORB). The advantage of the GTP method is that it affords PTMA containing the theoretical amount of nitroxide groups. Furthermore, cross-linked PTMA was prepared in the presence of small amounts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Cyclic voltammetry of this PTMA showed a single, highly reversible redox couple at a potential of ca. 3.6 V (vs Li/Li+). This potential is similar to the potential of materials (e.g., LiCoO2) used for the positive electrode in lithium-ion batteries. In galvanostatic cycling experiments between 3.0 and 4.0 V in a half-cell setup vs metallic Li as counter and reference electrode a reversible specific charge of ca. 103 Ah kg-1 at current rates up to 1 C was obtained with the cross-linked PTMA. The useable charge capacity is very stable with cycling, showing only a slight decrease after 200 full charge−discharge cycles at 2 C.
Demographic distribution of odontogenic cysts in Isfahan (Iran) over a 23-year period (1988-2010) (2013)

Odontogenic cysts are fairly frequent jaw lesions (21.62%), of which radicular cyst was the most common cyst. The four most common lesions constituted a sum of 96.45% of the total. In general, the prevalence rates in our study are similar to the studies from other geographic parts of the world but with a lower incidence of inflammatory cysts, higher prevalence of dentigerous cysts and residual cysts and also mandibular predominance for residual cysts.
Induction motors' faults detection and localization using stator current advanced signal processing techniques (1999)

The knowledge about fault mode behavior of an induction motor drive system is extremely important from the standpoint of improved system design, protection, and fault-tolerant control. This paper addresses the application of motor current spectral analysis for the detection and localization of abnormal electrical and mechanical conditions that indicate, or may lead to, a failure of induction motors. Intensive research effort has been for some time focused on the motor current signature analysis. This technique utilizes the results of spectral analysis of the stator current. Reliable interpretation of the spectra is difficult since distortions of the current waveform caused by the abnormalities in the induction motor are usually minute. This paper takes the initial step to investigate the efficiency of current monitoring for diagnostic purposes. The effects of stator current spectrum are described and the related frequencies determined. In the present investigation, the frequency signature of some asymmetrical motor faults are well identified using advanced signal processing techniques, such as high-resolution spectral analysis. This technique leads to a better interpretation of the motor current spectra. In fact, experimental results clearly illustrate that stator current high-resolution spectral analysis is very sensitive to induction motor faults modifying main spectral components, such as voltage unbalance and single-phasing effects.
γ-Irradiation of Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Its Lead-Dopes Varieties (1991)

Effects of γ-ray irradiation on Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y and Bi 2- x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y ( x =0.1 and 0.2) superconductors have been studied using a 60 Co γ-ray source up to a maximum dose level of 300 Mrads. On irradiation of the undoped variety, a small decrease in its T c value is observed up to a certain dose level after which it has no effect on T c . In the case of lead-doped samples with x =0.1 the irradiation effect is more pronounced ( T c decreases from 94 K to 84 K) than where doping of lead is higher, i.e., x =0.2 ( T c decreases from 96 K to 90 K), at a 100 Mrad dose level. The experimental results corroborate the X-ray powder diffraction data.
Noninvasive electrical characterization of materials at microwave frequencies using an open-ended coaxial line: test of an improved calibration technique (1990)

Dielectric measurements using a probe consisting of a coaxial transmission line with an open-circuit end placed against the sample are discussed. For the 2.99- or 3.6-mm (OD) probes considered, a simple lumped parameter model shows errors above 1 GHz that increase greatly with frequency. An approximate model based on measured probe impedances from 1 to 18 GHz with samples consisting of water, methanol, and dioxane-water mixtures is evaluated. This model is more accurate than the lumped-parameter model and is better suited for calibration of the automatic network analyzer (ANA). The errors introduced in dielectric measurements by the use of approximate models for the probe are discussed. The technique succeeds because of partial cancellation of errors in modeling the probe in ANA-based measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anti‐programmed cell death‐1 antibody as a new serological marker for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (2013)

Serum anti-PD-1 antibodies would be useful for the discrimination of type 1 AIH from DILI, AVH, and PSC as an auxiliary diagnostic marker. Furthermore, anti-PD-1 antibodies may be associated with clinical characteristics of type 1 AIH.
Optic nerve sonography in the diagnostic evaluation of adult brain injury (2008)

ONSD measurements correlate with noninvasive and invasive measurements of the ICP, and with head computed tomography scan findings in brain-injured adults. Hence, optic nerve sonography may serve as an additional diagnostic tool that could alert clinicians to the presence of elevated ICP, whenever invasive ICP evaluation is contraindicated and/or is not available. This trial is International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registered (ISRCTN 91941687).
A high-speed and low-latency Reed-Solomon decoder based on a dual-line structure (2002)

This paper presents a new decoding structure of Reed-Solomon ( RS) codes that are widely used for channel coding. Although many decoding structures have been developed, the serial structures have long latency and the parallel structures are not fast enough to deal with the demands of high-speed decoding. To achieve both short latency and fast ope,ration, the summation of the products of syndromes is eliminated and the difference used to calculate the error locator polynomial is incrementally updated. The proposed structure called a dual-line structure can operate as fast as the serial structure and has as short latency as the parallel structure. In addition, the dual-line structure is regular and easy to implement. Experimental results confirm these advantages at the cost of a small hardware increase.