gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Serologic diagnosis of intestinal yersiniosis. The design of a stable erythrocyte preparation for the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. (1989)

Nine types of erythrocyte diagnostica of serovars O3 and O9, differing in the methods of obtaining sensitins and the physical state of erythrocytes, were put on trial. The preparations were used for the titration of hyperimmune sera and blood sera obtained from about 500 healthy persons, 300 patients with Yersinia enteric infection and 300 patients with other diseases. Freeze-dried diagnostica, when compared with liquid ones, were found to be less sensitive, but more stable and specific. Sensitins isolated by the methods of Westphal ad Boivin showed the highest degree of specificity. The authors believe freeze-dried sheep red blood with activated Boivin's antigen adsorbed onto them to be the optimal preparation for use in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. The preparation was found to retain its serological activity for as long as 2-3 years. The titer 1:160 (1:200) in the PHA test is recommended as the minimal diagnostic indicator. Erythrocyte diagnosticum is more sensitive, specific and stable than bacterial one. Since 1984 dried Yersinia erythrocyte diagnostica (serovars O3 and O9) have gone into quantity production at the Leningrad Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera.
Local path control for an autonomous vehicle (2003)

A control system for an autonomous robot cart designed to operate in well-structured environments such as offices and factories is described. The onboard navigation system comprises a reference-state generator, an error-feedback controller, and cart-location sensing using odometry. There is a convenient separation between the path guidance and control logic. Under normal operating conditions, the controller ensures that the errors between the measured and reference states are small. These errors only exceed set limits if the cart is malfunctioning. Major hardware failures can be detected in this way and failsafe procedures invoked. Results on the control system performance derived from a computer simulation of the cart and its operating environment, and from an experimental cart, indicate that the system can provide reliable, accurate, and safe operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XIII. Chinolon‐Derivate durch Autoxydation (1971)

Abstract 2.3‐Disubstituierte Indol‐Verbindungen vom Tetrahydroharman‐Typ ( 5, 21, 24, 25 ) werden in Dimethylformamid mit Kalium‐tert.‐butylat und Sauerstoff in Chinolone ( 6 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 27 ) übergeführt. Die Bedeutung dieser Reaktion für die Biogenese des Camptothecins ( 1 ) wird diskutiert.
Assessment of the activity of a fructo-oligo-saccharide on different caecal parameters in rabbits experimentally infected with E coli 0.103 (1993)

— Thirty 51-d-oId rabbits, fed since the l8th d on a mixed diet containing a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) added at 0.25% (FOS group) and 30 51-d-old rabbits without FOS (C group) were
Aberrant expression of a hemidesmosomal protein, bullous pemphigoid antigen 2, in human squamous cell carcinoma. (1996)

Through yet unidentified mechanisms, squamous epithelial cells become committed to terminal differentiation after detachment from the basement membrane. In squamous cell carcinoma, these mechanisms seem to be disturbed. A murine monoclonal antibody, designated NCC-Lu-226 (IgG1, K), which recognizes an antigen expressed in basal cells of squamous epithelium at the epithelio-connective tissue border, was obtained. A cDNA clone encoding the antigen was isolated from a cDNA library by immunoselection. DNA sequencing and a database search revealed that this cDNA clone was identical to a hemidesmosomal transmembrane protein, bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BPA-2; also known as BPAG2, BP180, or type XVII collagen). Immunoelectron microscopy validated the specific reactivity of this monoclonal antibody with skin hemidesmosomes. Enhanced expression and abnormal distribution of BPA-2 was revealed immunohistochemically in various precancerous and cancerous tissues, including solar keratosis (4 of 5), Bowen's disease (3 of 5), invasive squamous cell carcinoma (7 of 7) of the skin, and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (14 of 14), esophagus (12 of 13), and cervix (14 of 17). The specific expression of BPA-2 protein in squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. BPA-2 has possible phosphorylation sites and is actually phosphorylated in cultured keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma. The aberrant expression of BPA-2 may reflect dysfunction of the hemidesmosome that occurs as a relatively early event in multistep carcinogenesis of squamous epithelium.
A Secondary-Side Phase-Shift-Controlled <italic>LLC</italic> Resonant Converter With Reduced Conduction Loss at Normal Operation for Hold-Up Time Compensation Application (2015)

A novel secondary-side phase-shift-controlled (SS-PSC) LLC resonant converter is proposed for applications requiring hold-up time operation, such as distributed power systems and server power supplies. High efficiency at the normal input voltage is achieved because the proposed SS-PSC LLC converter always operates at the series-resonant frequency of the resonant tank. The magnetizing inductor of the proposed converter does not need to be reduced to provide desired voltage boost ratio for the hold-up time operation, which results in reduced conduction losses and improved efficiency. Sufficient voltage boost ratio for the hold-up time operation is provided by using SS-PSC strategy. In comparison with the conventional variable-frequency-controlled (VFC) LLC resonant converter, the main advantages are that the circulating current caused by the magnetizing inductor is effectively suppressed and the efficiency of normal operation is significantly improved. The operation principles, output characteristics, and design considerations of the proposed converter are presented in detail. Experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness and the advantages of the proposed solutions.
Metabolites in stored platelets associated with platelet recoveries and survivals (2016)

Together, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the functional biology of the PLT storage lesion as well as identifying potential targets for modifying donor environment (e.g., caffeine consumption) and also metrics of quality assessment for stored human PLTs.
Broadband Integrated Transmittances (BITS). (1995)

Abstract : Broadband Integrated Transmittances (BITS) is an EOSAEL module that calculates transmittance for systems with broad spectral response. Path-integrated concentration data from COMBIC, other EOSAEL modules, or user models are used as input for BITS. The primary function of BITS is to provide rigorous transmittance calculations for broadband systems, replacing the Beer-Lambert law used in most obscuration models. To use BITS, the system detector, filters, optics, and source spectral functions must be defined. The spectral transmittances of the atmosphere and mass extinction coefficient spectral data for the obscurant are also required. The output consists of transmittance as a function of concentration length for Beer's law and band-integrated computation methods. The theory of the model, a description of the module organization, and an operations guide that provides input and output in EOSAEL format are provided in this user's guide. Example uses for BITS are also included. (AN)
Expressions of apoptosis inducing factor and heat-shock protein 70 in gastric polypss and gastric cancer and their correlation with gastric cancer (2015)

Objective: To explore the effects of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer by detecting their mRNA levels in gastric polypss and gastric cancer, and provide a new way and insight for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Methods: Gastric biopsy samples of 120 patients in the Third Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were collected. According to their pathological characteristics, the samples were divided into four groups as followed: normal gastric mucosa group (n = 30), gastric hyperplastic polypss group (n = 30), gastric adenomatous polypss group (n = 30) and gastric cancer group (n = 30). The expressions of AIF and HSP70 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. Results: The expressions of AIF and HSP70 mRNA were gradually increased in gastric hyperplastic polypss, gastril adenomatous polypss and gastric cancer, the difference was significant ( p < .05). In the tissues of adenomatous polypss and gastric cancer, the expression of AIF mRNA was positively correlated with HSP70 mRNA ( p < .01). Conclusions: AIF and HSP70 are correlated with the development of gastric cancer. AIF and HSP70 may act synergistically in the development of gastric cancer. Both of them can be used as markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Volume CT with a flat‐panel detector on a mobile, isocentric C‐arm: Pre‐clinical investigation in guidance of minimally invasive surgery (2005)

A mobile isocentric C-arm (Siemens PowerMobil) has been modified in our laboratory to include a large area flat-panel detector (in place of the x-ray image intensifier), providing multi-mode fluoroscopy and cone-beam computed tomography (CT) imaging capability. This platform represents a promising technology for minimally invasive, image-guided surgical procedures where precision in the placement of interventional tools with respect to bony and soft-tissue structures is critical. The image quality and performance in surgical guidance was investigated in pre-clinical evaluation in image-guided spinal surgery. The control, acquisition, and reconstruction system are described. The reproducibility of geometric calibration, essential to achieving high three-dimensional (3D) image quality, is tested over extended time scales (7 months) and across a broad range in C-arm angulation (up to 45 degrees), quantifying the effect of improper calibration on spatial resolution, soft-tissue visibility, and image artifacts. Phantom studies were performed to investigate the precision of 3D localization (viz., fiber optic probes within a vertebral body) and effect of lateral projection truncation (limited field of view) on soft-tissue detectability in image reconstructions. Pre-clinical investigation was undertaken in a specific spinal procedure (photodynamic therapy of spinal metastases) in five animal subjects (pigs). In each procedure, placement of fiber optic catheters in two vertebrae (L1 and L2) was guided by fluoroscopy and cone-beam CT. Experience across five procedures is reported, focusing on 3D image quality, the effects of respiratory motion, limited field of view, reconstruction filter, and imaging dose. Overall, the intraoperative cone-beam CT images were sufficient for guidance of needles and catheters with respect to bony anatomy and improved surgical performance and confidence through 3D visualization and verification of transpedicular trajectories and tool placement. Future investigation includes improvement in image quality, particularly regarding x-ray scatter, motion artifacts and field of view, and integration with optical tracking and navigation systems.
Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of nanoporous carbon films (2010)

The synthesis and applications of thin nanoporous carbon films or membranes (NPCFs) are outlined with a focus on recent literature examples. NPCFs have large specific surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity and both chemical and mechanical stability properties that facilitate increasing conventional uses in purification and separation, adsorption, and catalysis. They have potential applications in nanodevices, supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and chemical and bio-sensors. We summarize the various NPCF fabrication techniques, including solid- or soft-templating, direct pyrolysis on porous organic polymer precursors, chemical or physical vapor deposition and electrochemical deposition, and highlight the future design trends in the fabrication of NPCFs with ordered nanopore structures.
Enantioselective synthesis of calcium channel blockers of the diltiazem group (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective synthesis of calcium channel blockers of the diltiazem groupAlan Schwartz, Pradeep B. Madan, Erno Mohacsi, Jay P. O'Brien, Louis J. Todaro, and David L. CoffenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3, 851–856Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00029a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00029a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1162Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Minireview: Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing on Studies of Nuclear Receptor Regulation and Function (2012)

Next-generation sequencing technologies have expanded the experimental possibilities for studying the genome-wide regulation of transcription by nuclear receptors, their collaborating transcription factors, and coregulators. These technologies allow investigators to obtain abundance and DNA sequence information in a single experiment. In this review, we highlight proven and potential uses of next-generation sequencing in the study of gene regulation by nuclear receptors. We also provide suggestions on how to effectively leverage this technology in a collaborative environment.
IFN-γ Production by Th1 Cells Generated from Naive CD4+ T Cells Exposed to Norepinephrine (2001)

During activation in vivo, naive CD4(+) T cells are exposed to various endogenous ligands, such as cytokines and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE). To determine whether NE affects naive T cell differentiation, we used naive CD4(+) T cells sort-purified from either BALB/c or DO11.10 TCR-transgenic mouse spleens and activated these cells with either anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or APC and OVA(323-329) peptide, respectively, under Th1-promoting conditions. RT-PCR and functional assays using selective adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype antagonists showed that naive CD4(+) T cells expressed only the beta 2AR subtype to bind NE and that stimulation of this receptor generated Th1 cells that produced 2- to 4-fold more IFN-gamma. This increase was due to more IFN-gamma produced per cell upon restimulation instead of more IFN-gamma-secreting cells, as determined by IFN-gamma-specific immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunospot. In contrast, Th1 cell differentiation was unaffected when naive T cells were exposed to NE and activated either in the presence of a neutralizing anti-IL-12 mAb or by APC from IL-12-deficient mice. Moreover, the addition of IL-12 to the IL-12-deficient APC cultures restored the ability of NE to increase Th1 differentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that a possible link may exist between the signaling pathways used by NE and IL-12 to increase naive CD4(+) T cell differentiation to a Th1 cell.
Beta Hairpin Peptide Hydrogels as an Injectable Solid Vehicle for Neurotrophic Growth Factor Delivery (2015)

There is intense interest in developing novel methods for the sustained delivery of low levels of clinical therapeutics. MAX8 is a peptide-based beta-hairpin hydrogel that has unique shear thinning properties that allow for immediate rehealing after the removal of shear forces, making MAX8 an excellent candidate for injectable drug delivery at a localized injury site. The current studies examined the feasibility of using MAX8 as a delivery system for nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two neurotrophic growth factors currently used in experimental treatments of spinal cord injuries. Experiments determined that encapsulation of NGF and BDNF within MAX8 did not negatively impact gel formation or rehealing and that shear thinning did not result in immediate growth factor release. ELISA, microscopy, rheology, and Western blotting experiments collectively demonstrate the functional capabilities of the therapeutic-loaded hydrogels to (i) maintain a protective environment against in vitro degradation of encapsulated therapeutics for at least 28 days; and (ii) allow for sustained release of NGF and BDGF capable of initiating neurite-like extensions of PC12 cells, most likely due to NGF/BDGF signaling pathways. Importantly, while the 21 day release profiles could be tuned by adjusting the MAX8 hydrogel concentration, the initial shear thinning of the hydrogel (e.g., during injection) does not induce significant premature loss of the encapsulated therapeutic, most likely due to effective trapping of growth factors within structurally robust domains that are maintained during the application of shear forces. Together, our data suggests that MAX8 allows for greater dosage control and sustained therapeutic growth factor delivery, potentially alleviating side effects and improving the efficacy of current therapies.
Pharmacokinetics of Nelarabine and 9-Beta-<scp>d</scp>-Arabinofuranosyl Guanine in Pediatric and Adult Patients During a Phase I Study of Nelarabine for the Treatment of Refractory Hematologic Malignancies (2000)

Nelarabine is an effective prodrug of ara-G, allowing systemic concentrations of ara-G that result in clinical activity.
A Computationally Efficient Ambiguity Resolution Technique (2001)

A new method of carrier-phase ambiguity resolution is described. The new technique is a variation of the leastsquares residual search technique in the ambiguity domain. It uses a very efficient algorithm to compute the residuals associated with each potential combination of ambiguities to be tested. Several other techniques are employed to simplify the calculations and to enhance the probability of identifying the correct ambiguity vector. The intent is to minimize the number of data epochs required to correctly identify the integer ambiguity values. The capability of the technique to rapidly identify the correct ambiguity vector is illustrated by plotting the results of scoring runs which exercise the search algorithms using recorded field data taken over different rover-to-base separation distances. To maximize the number of searches exercised in these runs, as soon as the ambiguity vector is identified, the results are cleared and a new search is initiated with all navigation parameters reinitialized. Some navigation results are also shown which are typical of RTK carrier-phase navigation results. INTRODUCTION The RTK ambiguity resolution technique implemented within the NavCom dual-frequency receiver has several unique features designed to minimize the computational task while ensuring that a minimal data collection interval is required. The fundamental approach is similar to several least-squares residual search techniques which have been employed by others. [1-4] The first unique feature is that the base station transmits corrections rather than the raw data, which most RTK implementations transmit. This has several advantages: 1) it offloads part of the computation from the user receiver to the base station receiver; 2) it allows code smoothing of the base station data to occur even before the user receiver is turned on, which ensures a more accurate initial code solution; 3) it simplifies the processing algorithms because no differencing across receivers is required. The second unique feature is a simplified computational technique to generate the residuals resulting from candidate ambiguity vectors. This technique is the main subject of the paper and will be explored in some detail. The search process is a two-stage process which depends upon the availability of dual-frequency measurements at both the base-station receiver and the user receiver. First a wide-lane search is performed and up to 10 ambiguity vectors, which meet specific requirements (e.g. residuals less than a threshold value) are saved for further processing. In the second stage, each of the ambiguity vectors determined in the first stage are tested by searching each satellite (except the first to avoid redundant clock solutions) across the two narrow-lane ambiguity values which result in a narrow-lane measured range closest to the corresponding wide-lane measured range. Those narrow-lane combinations, which meet a number of specific criteria, are scored and if more than one are acceptable their relative score is used to determine whether or not one of them can be declared the correct ambiguity vector.
Application of LED Light Sources with Light Guide Optics. (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">LEDs have been used in exterior lighting since the late 1990s in the form of customized LED arrays. Typically for those applications, each LED had a lens or reflector optic. The future styling trends explore the use of light guides or fibers to create transparent three dimensional structures. Light guides allow the designer to create lamps of various shapes with one standard light module without the need to rearrange the LEDs. However the design of those light guides can be inefficient and has its optical and mechanical limitations. Therefore the optical coupling efficiency to the light source is a key element in the design of the system. Key features for a LED light source module (here called DVO for Direct View Optic module) are proposed and advantages over standard LEDs in light guide applications are discussed.</div>
Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance (2001)

Insulin signaling at the target tissue results in a large array of biological outcomes. These events are essential for normal growth and development and for normal homeostasis of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Elucidating the intracellular events after activation of the IR has been the primary focus of a large number of investigators for decades, and for excellent reasons. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in insulin action could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and identifying key molecules and processes could lead to newer and more effective therapeutic agents for treating these common disorders. This review summarizes our previous understanding of how insulin acts and outlines some recent developments in our understanding of insulin action and insulin resistance at the cellular level, beginning with a discussion on the discovery of evolutionarily conserved molecules of the insulin signaling pathways. This article will also provide a summary of a few in vitro and cellular models of insulin resistance and a description of some new paradigms in the cellular mechanisms of insulin action. This review will not attempt to be all-inclusive; for a more comprehensive understanding, readers are referred to more complete reviews on insulin action (1–5).