gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured copper oxide-cotton fibers: synthesis, characterization, and applications (2012)

Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared and subsequently deposited onto surface of the cotton fibers by ultrasonic irradiation. The structure and morphology of the coated and un-coated cottons were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. These methods revealed that of CuO nanoparticles are crystalline and corresponds to monoclinic phase, and that these nanoparticles are physically adsorbed onto the cotton fiber surface. They have an average crystallite size of 10 nm; the physical and chemical properties of the treated cotton fibers are markedly different from those of the untreated cotton fibers. The CuO-cotton fiber nanocomposites were tested against Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) cultures and showed a significant antimicrobial activity; whereas its analogous CuS-coated cotton material formed by the reaction CuO-coated cotton fibers with H2S showed no activity.
A Two Stage Classification Model for Call Center Purchase Prediction (2017)

In call center [1] product recommendation field, call center as an organization between users and telecom operator, doesn’t have permission to access users specific information and the detailed products information. Accordingly, rule-based selection method is common used to predict user purchase behavior by the call center. Unfortunately, rule-based approach not only ignores the user’s previous behavior information entirely, and it is difficult to make use of the existing interaction records between users and products. Consequently, it will not get desired results if we just use the basic selection method to predict user purchase behavior directly, because the problem is that the features straightly extracted from the interaction data records are limited. In order to solve the problem above, this paper proposes a two-stage algorithm that based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm [2] and SVM [3, 4] Classification Algorithm. Firstly, we get the potential category information of products by K-Means Clustering Algorithm, then use SVM Classification Model to predict users purchasing behavior. This two-stage prediction model not only solves the feature shortage problem, but also gives full consideration to the potential features between users and product categories, which can help us to gain significant performance in call center product recommendation field.
A tutorial overview of the short message service within GSM (2000)

Presents an overview of the GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) short message service (SMS) from the viewpoint of implementing new telematic services. It is motivated by the increasing potential that the SMS offers for integration with existing messaging services and its ability to offer an alternative to TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) for low-bandwidth applications. Initially, this tutorial gives a brief overview of the building blocks of GSM networks and then the SMS network and its protocol architecture. The most widely used protocols for message submission are then introduced and compared in terms of their ability to handle extended alphabets, two-way messaging etc. Finally, the tutorial outlines a summary of current and future issues for further research and development in the light of novel features for submission protocols and telematic services.
DNA REPAIR MECHANISMS FOR THE RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL OF DAMAGED DNA BASES (1999)

Recent structural and biochemical studies have begun to illuminate how cells solve the problems of recognizing and removing damaged DNA bases. Bases damaged by environmental, chemical, or enzymatic mechanisms must be efficiently found within a large excess of undamaged DNA. Structural studies suggest that a rapid damage-scanning mechanism probes for both conformational deviations and local deformability of the DNA base stack. At susceptible lesions, enzyme-induced conformational changes lead to direct interactions with specific damaged bases. The diverse array of damaged DNA bases are processed through a two-stage pathway in which damage-specific enzymes recognize and remove the base lesion, creating a common abasic site intermediate that is processed by damage-general repair enzymes to restore the correct DNA sequence.
Current-mode techniques for the implementation of continuous- and discrete-time cellular neural networks (1993)

A unified, comprehensive approach to the design of continuous-time (CT) and discrete-time (DT) cellular neural networks (CNNs) using CMOS current-mode analog techniques is presented. The net input signals are currents instead of voltages, which avoids the need for current-to-voltage dedicated interfaces in image processing tasks with photosensor devices. Outputs may be either currents or voltages. Cell design relies on exploiting current mirror properties for the efficient implementation of both linear and nonlinear analog operators. Basic design issues, the influence of nonidealities and advanced circuit design issues, and design for manufacturability considerations associated with statistical analysis are discussed. Experimental results are given for three prototypes designed for 1.6- mu m n-well CMOS technologies. One is discrete-time and can be reconfigured via local logic for noise removal, feature extraction (borders and edges), shadow detection, hole filling, and connected component detection (CCD) on a rectangular grid with unity neighborhood radius. The other two prototypes are continuous-time and fixed template: one for CCD and other for noise removal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suzuki cross‐coupling for the incorporation of labeled methyl groups onto aryl halides. A synthesis of [14C]tosyl chloride and its use in the synthesis of [14C]L‐738,167 (1999)

A synthesis of [4-methyl]-14C]tosyl chloride (2) has been developed which utilizes a Suzuki Cross-Coupling reaction between 4-iodophenylsulfonic acid and a labeled methyl borinate as the key step. This process avoids the poor regioselectivity typically attendant with aromatic sulfonation procedures. We now describe the use of this [14C]tosyl chloride in the synthesis of the orally active fibrinogen receptor antagonist L-738,167 (1). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refactoring Java Code for Automatic API Generation (2018)

With the development of the Internet, a large number of computer applications have emerged, and the quantity is still growing rapidly. These applications contain a lot of useful data and functions, however, as most of them are not available and couldn't interact with each other, so the data and functions are difficult to shared and reused, resulting in a huge waste of resources. In order to solve this problem, secondary development is needed on the basis of the source system. For example, it is necessary to collect data from client applications or integrate their functions. Therefore, a framework of automatic encapsulation API based on the client system is proposed in this paper. Firstly, using a design pattern to reconstruct the runtime software architecture. Secondly, an algorithm is proposed for parameter matching to automatically construct API template. Thirdly, a framework is implemented to support design patterns and matching algorithms. In conclusion, we experimented with a real client system, and the results show that in most cases our method can effectively encapsulate and reduce the execution time of the functions.
Conserving and restoring endangered southern populations of the Squirrel Glider (<i>Petaurus norfolcensis</i>) in agricultural landscapes (2017)

Summary Southern Squirrel Glider ( Petaurus norfolcensis ) populations are genetically distinct and generally found in the agricultural landscapes inland of Australia's Great Dividing Range. These populations are considered to be under greater threat of extinction than northern, coastal populations and face a unique set of environmental conditions and conservation challenges. For these reasons, we suggest that southern populations qualify as a separate evolutionarily significant unit to those from the northern, coastal segment of the range and should be managed separately. We summarize the species’ ecology specific to southern populations and relevant to management. We conduct a basic SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis to highlight potential future management directions. From our review of new and existing ecological data and SWOT analysis, we outline ten points of action important for securing the future of southern Squirrel Glider populations.
Liquid Fuel Reformer Development: Autothermal Reforming of Diesel Fuel † (2000)

Argonne National Laboratory is developing a process to convert hydrocarbon fuels to clean hydrogen feeds for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The process incorporates an autothermal reforming catalyst that can process hydrocarbon feeds at lower temperatures than existing commercial catalysts. The authors have tested the catalyst with three diesel-type fuels: hexadecane, certified low-sulfur grade 1 diesel, and a standard grade 2 diesel. Hexadecane yielded products containing 60% hydrogen on a dry, nitrogen-free basis at 850 C, while maximum hydrogen product yields for the two diesel fuels were near 50%. Residual products in all cases included CO, CO{sub 2}, ethane, and methane. Further studies with grade 1 diesel showed improved conversion as the water:fuel ratio was increased from 1 to 2 at 850 C. Soot formation was reduced when the oxygen:carbon ratio was maintained at 1 at 850 C. There were no significant changes in hydrogen yield as the space velocity and the oxygen:fuel ratio were varied. Tests with a microchannel monolithic catalyst yielded similar or improved hydrogen levels at higher space velocities than with extruded pellets in a packed bed.
SoSE architecture principles for Net-Centric Multi-Int Fusion Systems (2011)

Multi-Int Fusion Systems are complex due to the need to architect a solution that covers a broad domain space with diverse functional requirements. Consequently, some of these requirements can seem orthogonal, such as the need for real-time embedded processing for on-board platforms juxtaposed with large-scale enterprise systems comprising application servers, database farms, and service-oriented architectures. Add to these considerations, the need to address Information Assurance, which includes functionality for confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, and non-repudiation - all applied to a broad set of heterogeneous data and implemented across multiple organizations spanning transnational jurisdictions. These challenges render the traditional systems engineering approach ineffective. This paper explores key issues innate to Net-Centric Multi-Int Fusion Systems, and offers SoSE principles for a top-down analysis of functional requirements and guidelines for reconciling design trade-offs - essential steps to ensure the synthesis of a holistic and robust SoS architecture.
The Prooligonucleotide Approach: Synthesis of Mixed SATE-Phosphotriester Phosphodiester Oligonucleotides (1999)

Abstract Synthesis of mixed SATE phosphotriester-phosphodiester prooligos was done following two ways. Phosphodiesters were generated by selective β-elimination of cyanoethyl using DBU or were introduced with H-phosphonate chemistry.
Effects of insulin on the translocation of protein kinase C-<i>θ</i> and other protein kinase C isoforms in rat skeletal muscles (1995)

Protein kinase C (PKC)-theta is a newly recognized major PKC isoform in skeletal muscle. In this study we found that insulin provoked rapid biphasic increases in membrane-associated immunoreactive PKC-theta, as well as PKC-alpha, PKC-beta and PKC-epsilon, in rat soleus muscles incubated in vitro. Effects of insulin on PKC isoforms in the soleus were comparable in magnitude with those of phorbol esters. Increases in membrane-associated PKC-theta, PKC-alpha, PKC-beta and PKC-epsilon were also observed in rat gastrocnemius muscles after insulin treatment in vivo. Our findings suggest that PKC-theta, like other diacylglycerol-sensitive PKC isoforms (alpha, beta and epsilon), may play a role in insulin action in skeletal muscles.
High brightness inductively coupled plasma source for high current focused ion beam applications (2006)

A high brightness plasma ion source has been developed to address focused ion beam (FIB) applications not satisfied by the liquid metal ion source (LMIS) based FIB. The plasma FIB described here is capable of satisfying applications requiring high mill rates (&gt;100μm3∕s) with non-gallium ions and has demonstrated imaging capabilities with sub- 100-nm resolution. The virtual source size, angular intensity, mass spectra, and energy spread of the source have been determined with argon and xenon. This magnetically enhanced, inductively coupled plasma source has exhibited a reduced brightness (βr) of 5.4×103Am−2sr−1V−1, with a full width half maximum axial energy spread (ΔE) of 10eV when operated with argon. With xenon, βr=9.1×103Am−2sr−1V−1 and ΔE=7eV. With these source parameters, an optical column with sufficient demagnification is capable of forming a sub-25-nm spot size at 30keV and 1pA. The angular intensity of this source is nominally three orders of magnitude greater than a LMIS making the source more amenable to creating high current focused beams, in the regime where spherical aberration dominates the LMIS-FIB. The source has been operated on a two lens ion column and has demonstrated a current density that exceeds that of the LMIS-FIB for current greater than 50nA. Source lifetime and current stability are excellent with inert and reactive gases. Additionally, it should be possible to improve both the brightness and energy spread of this source, such that the (βr∕ΔE2) figure-of-merit could be within an order of magnitude of a LMIS.
Representing Function as Effect (1997)

In this paper we start with a brief introduction to the Functional Representation framework that a number of colleagues and we have been developing for over a decade or so. Then we move on to the need for a precise language for describing objects, properties and causal relations. We argue that such a language is needed to express the meaning of terms such as &quot;function&quot; and &quot;behavior.&quot; We briefly describe a formal framework for and definition of device function that we have recently developed. We have sought the smallest ontological framework that is sufficient for developing an idea of function. Functions are defined in terms of the effects of objects on their environments. The definition of function is sufficiently general to express static and dynamic functions, intended and natural functions, and functions of abstract and physical objects.
Enhancement of transmittance of indium tin oxide coated glass plates (2010)

The transmittance of a glass plate with a transparent conducting coating of a material like indium tin oxide (ITO) can be enhanced by depositing a thin film of a material like silicon dioxide (whose thickness need not be tightly controlled) on top of the transparent conducting coating, avoiding the necessity of designing and depositing a complex multilayer antireflection coating on the opposite surface of the glass plate. The theory behind this performance of the silicon dioxide film and some actual experimental results have been reported.
Inference making while reading narrative and expository texts: An ERP study. (2009)

Much of the recent research on discourse comprehension has centered on the readers' ability to construct coherent mental representations of texts.In order to form a unifi ed representation of a given text, a reader must be able to join the information presented in the text with his/her background knowledge to construe the meaning that may not be explicitly stated, through the generation of inferences.In this study, the process of inference making by native speakers of English while reading two different types of text was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG).Subjects read narrative and expository paragraphs, and judged the plausibility of the fi nal sentence of each four-sentence long paragraph by reference to the previous information.The analysis of data focused on the N400 component and on accuracy of behavioral responses.N400 amplitudes revealed that exposition was more demanding than narration in terms of semantic processing, whereas the behavioral data showed that subjects were more prone to generate inferences when reading exposition.Overall, this study suggests that these two types of text are processed differently by the brain, as revealed by the changes in the N400 component across the last sentences of the paragraphs.
GPU-accelerated incremental correlation clustering of large data with visual feedback (2013)

Clustering is an important preparation step in big data processing. It may even be used to detect redundant data points as well as outliers. Elimination of redundant data and duplicates can serve as a viable means for data reduction and it can also aid in sampling. Visual feedback is very valuable here to give users confidence in this process. Furthermore, big data preprocessing is seldom interactive, which stands at conflict with users who seek answers immediately. The best one can do is incremental preprocessing in which partial and hopefully quite accurate results become available relatively quickly and are then refined over time. We propose a correlation clustering framework which uses MDS for layout and GPU-acceleration to accomplish these goals. Our domain application is the correlation clustering of atmospheric mass spectrum data with 8 million data points of 450 dimensions each.
Catalysis of aromatic nitration by the lower oxides of nitrogen (1980)

In the absence of nitrous acid traps, the nitration of phenol in 56·2% sulphuric acid displays autocatalytic behaviour; on the other hand, the isomer ratio of the products is inconsistent with the commonly accepted prior nitrosation scheme, and some other route for the promotion of nitration must be operative.
Non-contact photoacoustic tomography with a laser Doppler vibrometer (2014)

Most concurrent photoacoustic tomography systems are based on traditional ultrasound measurement regime, which requires the contact or acoustic coupling material between the biological tissue and the ultrasound transducer. This study investigates the feasibility of non-contact measurement of photacoustic signals generated inside biomedical tissues by observing the vibrations at the surface of the tissues with a commercial laser Doppler vibrometer. The vibrometer with 0- 2MHz measurement bandwidth and 5 MHz sampling frequency was integrated to a conventional rotational PAT data acquisition system. The data acquisition of the vibrometer was synchronized to the laser illumination from an Nd:YAG laser with output at 532nm. The laser energy was tuned to 17.5mJ per square centimeter. The PA signals were acquired at 120 angular locations uniformly distributed around the scanned objects. The frequency response of the measurement system was first calibrated. 2-inch-diamater cylindrical phantoms containing small rubber plates and biological tissues were afterwards imaged. The phantoms were made from 5% intralipid solution in 10% porcine gelatin to simulate the light scattering in biological tissue and to backscatter the measurement laser from the vibrometer. Time-domain backprojection method was used for the image reconstruction. Experiments with real-tissue phantoms show that with laser illumination of 17.5 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> at 532 nm, the non-contact photoacoustic (PA) imaging system with 15dB detection bandwidth of 2.5 MHz can resolve spherical optical inclusions with dimension of 500<i>μ</i>m and multi-layered structure with optical contrast in strongly scattering medium. The experiment results prompt the potential implementation of the non-contact PAT to achieve “photoacoustic camera”.
Extensive DNA polymorphism at the factor XIIIa (F13A) locus and linkage to HLA. (1988)

A 1,161-bp EcoRI fragment from the 5' end of the cDNA coding for human factor XIIIa (gene symbol F13A) was used to identify RFLPs in human DNAs. Several different RFLPs were identified with 15 different restriction enzymes. Two RFLPs detected with the restriction enzyme BamHI and one multiallelic RFLP detected with BclI were used for further studies. Linkage relationships between these three polymorphisms and the HLA complex were studied in DNA samples from the 40 Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain families. Combining all of the data to form highly informative haplotypes, we found linkage to HLA with a maximum lod score of 11.44 at a recombination fraction of .25 for males and .35 for females. These three RFLPs at the FXIIIa locus provide a highly informative marker for the short arm of chromosome 6 with an observed heterozygosity of 91%. Using this marker and the HLA locus, one can confirm or exclude the assignment of gene loci to most of chromosome 6p.
N, N‐diisopropyl‐bis(4‐chlorobenzyl) phosphoramidite: A versatile phosphitylating agent for the phosphorylation of hydroxy amino acids and preparation of protected phosphopeptides (1990)

Abstract N, N‐diisopropyl‐bis(4‐chlorobenzyl) phosphoramidite is an easily accessible phosphitylating agent, which readily phosphorylates Boc‐Ser‐OMe, Boc‐Thr‐OMe and Boc‐Tyr‐OMe in good to high yields after t ‐BuOOH or MCPBA oxidation. The Boc‐group can be removed without affecting the phosphate 4‐chlorobenzyl groups and vice versa. Extension of the Boc‐deprotected phosphoamino acids with a subsequent amino acid yields the corresponding protected phosphopeptides
Heteroepitaxial β ‐ SiC on Si (1988)

We grew a single crystalline beta silicon carbide layer at 1000°C on a Si off‐axial (111) substrate without using a buffer layer from a gas system of . The heterojunction between epitaxially doped n‐type and p‐type Si showed a diode ideality factor of 1.0–1.1, indicating that has a high potential for use as a wide gap emitter material.
Fatigue Crack Propagation of D6ac Steel in Air and Distilled Water (1972)

Fatigue crack propagation studies were conducted on a D6ac steel. The tests were performed in room air and distilled water environments all at room temperature. Fatigue crack propagation rates were enhanced in the water environment with results being strongly dependent upon test frequency, the lower test frequencies exhibiting the higher crack growth rates. A simple superposition technique, which qualitatively accounts for the observed frequency trends was examined.
Thiyl Radical Mediated Racemization of Nonactivated Aliphatic Amines (2006)

The racemization of nonactivated aliphatic amines has been mediated with alkanethiols and with methyl thioglycolate in the presence of AIBN. The process involves reversible H-abstraction at the chiral center, in a position alpha relative to nitrogen, by thiyl radical. The knowledge of the reaction enthalpy is critical to select the appropriate thiol. In the absence of experimental values, theoretical calculations of the alpha-C-H BDEs and the S-H BDE provide a useful guide.