gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast True Random Generator in FPGAs (2007)

Most hardware "true" random number generators (TRNGs) take advantage of the thermal agitation around a flip-flop metastable state. In field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), the classical TRNG structure uses two clocks, either from a PLL or from ring oscillators, in order to sample one by the other. This creates good TRNGs albeit limited in frequency by the interference rate which cannot exceed a few Mbit/s. This article presents an architecture allowing higher bit rates while maintaining provable unconditional security. This requirement becomes stringent for secure communication applications such as the cryptographic quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. The proposed architecture is very simple as it is based on an open loop structure without any specific component such as PLLs.
Downlink beamforming concepts in UTRA FDD (2003)

Abstract. This article gives a comparison of beamforming concepts. Adaptive beamforming and fixed beam switching in WCDMA-FDD-mode are compared from a system level perspective, ordinary sectorization (three 120° sectors) serves as a basis for comparison. Pilot channels P-CPICH (Primary Common Pilot Channel) and S-CPICH (Secondary CPICH) are considered as additional interference. For adaptive beamforming channel estimation has to be based on the pilot bit sequence on DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) which leads to degradation especially for high mobile velocities and large angular dispersions of the multipath channel.
Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and their specific inhibitors. (1995)

It has become evident during the past years that interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), mainly produced by monocyte-macrophages, are the principal mediators of tissue destruction in many immuno-inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the discovery of a biologically active monokine of approximately 17 kD preceded the isolation of IL-1 and TNF-alpha as well as their cloning by more than 16 years. The two latter cytokines induce in synergy the production of high levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) by fibroblasts, synovial cells and chondrocytes. The biological activity of MMP is controlled by tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) which also depends on the presence of cytokines in the microenvironment. One of the principal stimuli of the production of IL-1 and TNF-alpha is the direct contact between the membranes of activated lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophages. Several glycoproteins expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes (CD11, CD69) are implicated in this activation process and can be partially blocked by their respective antibodies. These prompt the decrease of cytokines and proteases in the lymphocyte/monocyte interaction. In the past few years, two pathways for inhibiting the activation of macrophages, fibroblasts and synovial cells have been elucidated. One of them is due to the action of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 which considerably decrease production of IL-1, TNF-alpha and metalloproteases. In contrast to IL-4, IL-10 is also capable of stimulating the production of TIMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sampling, aliasing, and inverting the linear Radon transform (2004)

Abstract Sampling a signal too slowly results in temporal frequency aliasing; sampling a wave too infrequently in space causes spatial aliasing. Slowness aliasing is another problem that can occur in some cases, even when temporal and spatial frequency aliasing are absent. As its name suggests, slowness aliasing can cause a wave with one value of slowness to be interpreted as a wave with a different value of slowness. For a 2D signal, or an image, the penalty of undersampling is that we may misrepresent both the spatial frequency and the orientation of the pattern. If the pattern is moving, then the direction of motion may also be misrepresented. The linear Radon transform (Deans, 1983), or the related slope–intercept form (Durrani and Bisset, 1984), is a useful tool to analyze seismic data (Foster and Mosher, 1992; Dunne and Beresford, 1995), although sampling and aliasing are two recurring problems (Turner, 1990; Marfurt et al., 1996; Bardan, 1998). On the other hand, in the optical literature (Fowles, 1989), the effect of Fraunhofer diffraction indicates what is happening when a grating is illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave. This paper demonstrates how sampling and inverting of the linear Radon transform is related to Fraunhofer diffraction patterns.
Measurement of the resonance frequency of contactless IC cards using an electro-optic-sampling probe (2003)

We present a novel method of measuring the resonance frequency of contactless IC cards, which has been difficult to determine accurately, because of electromagnetic coupling between the antenna in the card and the measuring probe, even though it is a very important factor related to energy and data transmission. Using an electro-optic-sampling (EOS) probe, we made precise measurements of the resonance frequency without any influence from electromagnetic coupling.
Genetic support groups in the delivery of comprehensive genetic services. (1989)

This research sought information about the services provided by genetic support groups, their members' experiences in obtaining genetic and related services, and members' recommendations for improving services. Results from a survey of 43 directors of genetic support groups showed that these organizations not only provide their members with a wide range of informational and supportive services but also address the need for education of both the public and health professionals about genetic disorders. A second survey of 931 members of genetic support groups found that, although they obtained genetic information from a variety of professional and informal sources, many of them experienced barriers to obtaining sufficient genetic information. Respondents called for professionals to improve their interpersonal skills in working with clients and to assist families in obtaining a wider variety of services. On the basis of these findings, a service model and priorities are proposed to bring together genetic specialists, community professionals, and genetic support groups for the delivery of comprehensive services to individuals and families with genetic disorders.
Applied Accurate Robotic Drilling for Aircraft Fuselage (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Once limited by insufficient accuracy, the off-the-shelf industrial robot has been enhanced via the integration of secondary encoders at the output of each of its axes. This in turn with a solid mechanical platform and enhanced kinematic model enable on-part accuracies of less than +/−0.25mm. Continued development of this enabling technology has been demonstrated on representative surfaces of an aircraft fuselage. Positional accuracy and process capability was validated in multiple orientations both in upper surface (spindle down) and lower surface (spindle up) configurations. A second opposing accurate robotic drilling system and full-scale fuselage mockup were integrated to simulate doubled throughput and to demonstrate the feasibility of maintaining high on-part accuracy with a dual spindle cell.</div></div>
LiNiVO4: A 4.8 Volt Electrode Material for Lithium Cells (1994)

We show that the lithium atoms in the inverse spinel, , can be electrochemically removed and reinserted in nonaqueous electrochemical cells at about 4.8 V vs. metallic Li. Using in situ x‐ray diffraction methods, we prove that this is an intercalation reaction. To our knowledge, this is the Li intercalation reaction with the highest voltage known. The isostructural compound , also shows reversible lithium intercalation, but only near 4.2 V vs. Li.
A rigorous analytical solution to abrupt dielectric waveguide discontinuities (1991)

A simple analytical method is proposed for analyzing transmitted, reflected, and radiated fields in abrupt discontinuities of dielectric waveguides, such as step discontinuities and sharp bends. Approximate transmitted fields, both guided mode fields and radiated fields, are first calculated by assuming the incident field to be the source field on the discontinuity interface. Next, the approximate reflected fields are calculated by assuming the difference field of the incident and approximate transmitted fields to be the source field on the discontinuity interface. Then, the improvements for these approximate transmitted fields and approximated reflected fields are calculated successively. Only a few successive steps are suffice for obtaining rigorous solutions. Numerical examples are presented for step discontinuities and sharp bends of dielectric slab waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE ABSTRACT THEORY OF AUTOMATA (1961)

CONTENTS Introduction § 1. Homomorphism and equivalence of automata § 2. Introduction of mappings in automata § 3. Introduction of events in finite automata, operations on events § 4. Automata and semi-groups § 5. The composition of automata § 6. Experiments with automata Conclusion References
A Framework for Authentication and Authorization Credentials in Cloud Computing (2013)

Security is a key concern when adopting cloud technology. Cloud solutions include not only issues inherited from related technologies, such as virtualization and distributed computing, but also new concerns associated to complexity of the cloud ecosystem, composed by the cloud entities and their interactions. One of the concerns is related to authentication and authorization in the cloud in order to provide robust mechanisms to identify entities and establish their permissions and roles in the cloud, controlling resource usage and promoting accounting and isolation. This paper identifies the state of the art in terms of credential management focusing on the cloud ecosystem. It proposes a credential classification and a framework for studying and developing solutions in this context, unifying concepts related to cloud deployment models, service types, entities and lifecycle controls.
Detection of Treponema pallidum in early syphilis by DNA amplification (1992)

By using experimentally infected rabbits as a model for early syphilis, the applicability of in vitro DNA amplification was explored for detection of Treponema pallidum. It was determined that whole blood in heparin or EDTA (but not serum), lesion exudate, and punch biopsy as well as swabs of lesions are useful specimens for examination by the polymerase chain reaction. Swabs do not require special diluents, and the specimens, whether kept at room temperature or frozen, are well suited for use in the polymerase chain reaction.
Role of the O-Antigen of Lipopolysaccharide, and Possible Roles of Growth Rate and of NADH:ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (<i>nuo</i>) in Competitive Tomato Root-Tip Colonization by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> WCS365 (1998)

Colonization-defective, transposon-induced mutants of the efficient root colonizer Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 were identified with a gnotobiotic system. Most mutants were impaired in known colonization traits, i.e., prototrophy for amino acids, motility, and synthesis of the O-antigen of LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Mutants lacking the O-antigen of LPS were impaired in both colonization and competitive growth whereas one mutant (PCL1205) with a shorter O-antigen chain was defective only in colonization ability, suggesting a role for the intact O-antigen of LPS in colonization. Eight competitive colonization mutants that were not defective in the above-mentioned traits colonized the tomato root tip well when inoculated alone, but were defective in competitive root colonization of tomato, radish, and wheat, indicating they contained mutations affecting host range. One of these eight mutants (PCL1201) was further characterized and contains a mutation in a gene that shows homology to the Escherichia coli nuo4 gene, which encodes a subunit of one of two known NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases. Competition experiments in an oxygen-poor medium between mutant PCL1201 and its parental strain showed a decreased growth rate of mutant PCL1201. The requirement of the nuo4 gene homolog for optimal growth under conditions of oxygen limitation suggests that the root-tip environment is micro-aerobic. A mutant characterized by a slow growth rate (PCL1216) was analyzed further and contained a mutation in a gene with similarity to the E. coli HtrB protein, a lauroyl transferase that functions in lipid A biosynthesis.
Improving Health Care by Understanding Patient Preferences: The Role of Computer Technology (1998)

If nurses, physicians, and health care planners knew more about patients' health-related preferences, care would most likely be cheaper, more effective, and closer to the individuals' desires. In order for patient preferences to be effectively used in the delivery of health care, it is important that patients be able to formulate and express preferences, that these judgments be made known to the clinician at the time of care, and that these statements meaningfully inform care activities. Decision theory and health informatics offer promising strategies for eliciting subjective values and making them accessible in a clinical encounter in a manner that drives health choices. Computer-based elicitation and reporting tools are proving acceptable to patients and clinicians alike. It is time for the informatics community to turn their attention toward building computer-based applications that support clinicians in the complex cognitive process of integrating patient preferences with scientific knowledge, clinical practice guidelines, and the realities of contemporary health care.
A novel method for depth profiling and imaging of semiconductor devices using capacitive coupling voltage contrast (1987)

A scanning electron microscope was used in the voltage contrast mode to examine the relationship between dynamic secondary electron emission from passivated devices and buried structure depth. A primary electron beam energy of 500 eV was used. Depth measurement was performed on floating structures with an average error of 6.59%, 4.93% standard deviation, over a depth range of 0.04–0.76 μm. Further, a method of producing capacitive coupling voltage contast (CCVC) images of unbiased devices was developed, having a spatial resolution of better than 1 μm micron through passivation. A modified version of the Gorlich model for CCVC decay is presented to explain the experimental results [S. Gorlich, K. D. Herrmann, and E. Kubalek, in Proceedings of the Microcircuit Engineering 84 Conference (Academic, London, 1985)].
A novel mutation in the VCP gene (G157R) in a german family with inclusion‐body myopathy with paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (2009)

Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) are known to cause autosomal-dominant inclusion-body myopathy with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). We report a novel missense mutation (G157R) in the N-terminal region of the VCP gene in a German family. Family members presented with mild to moderate proximal muscle weakness, Paget disease of bone, and signs of early cognitive decline, with onset in the fourth decade. Two family members also showed signs of early hearing impairment, which was confirmed to be sensorineural in one person, a symptom not yet described in the context of IBMPFD.
Back-illuminated electron multiplying technology: the world"s most sensitive CCD for ultralow-light microscopy (2003)

The back-illuminated Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD) camera stands to be one of the most revolutionary contributions ever to the burgeoning fields of low-light dynamic cellular microscopy and single molecule detection, combining extremely high photon conversion efficiency with the ability to eliminate the readout noise detection limit. Here, we present some preliminary measurements recorded by a vary rapid frame rate version of this camera technology, incorporated into a spinning disk confocal microscopy set-up that is used for fast intracellular calcium flux measurements. The results presented demonstrate the united effects of (1) EMCCD technology in amplifying the very weak signal from these fluorescently labelled cells above the readout noise detection limit, that they would otherwise be completely lost in; (2) back-thinned CCD technology in maximizing the singal/shot noise ratio from such weak photon fluxes. It has also been shown how this innovative development can offer significant signal improvements over that afforded by ICCD technology. Practially, this marked advancement in detector sensitivity affords benefits such as shorter exposure times (therefore faster frame rates), lower dye concentrations and reduced excitation powers and will remove some of the barriers that have been restricting the development of new innovative low-light microscopy techniques.
Ion channels-related diseases. (2000)

There are many diseases related to ion channels. Mutations in muscle voltage-gated sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride channels, and acetylcholine-gated channel may lead to such physiological disorders as hyper- and hypokalemic periodic paralysis, myotonias, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, malignant hyperthermia and myasthenia. Neuronal disorders, e.g., epilepsy, episodic ataxia, familial hemiplegic migraine, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, hyperekplexia may result from dysfunction of voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels, or acetylcholine- and glycine-gated channels. Some kidney disorders, e.g., Bartter's syndrome, policystic kidney disease and Dent's disease, secretion disorders, e.g., hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy and cystic fibrosis, vision disorders, e.g., congenital stationary night blindness and total colour-blindness may also be linked to mutations in ion channels.
Synthesis of 2-Aryl-oxazolo[4,5-<i>c</i>]quinoline-4(5<i>H</i>)-ones and 2-Aryl-thiazolo[4,5-<i>c</i>]quinoline-4(5<i>H</i>)-ones (2003)

[reaction: see text] Novel and highly efficient syntheses of oxazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-4(5H)-ones (1) and thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-4(5H)-ones (2) from ethyl 2-chlorooxazole-4-carboxylate (4) and ethyl 2-bromo-5-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylate (13), respectively, are described.
New method for integration of resonant inductor and transformer-design, realisation, measurements (1999)

For the miniaturisation of resonant converters the resonant inductor has been integrated into the transformer by using the leakage inductance as the inductor. A new method of adjusting the leakage inductance for planar transformers with integrated windings by using an additional layer of low permeable magnetic material is introduced. The leakage inductance of planar transformers with integrated windings can be adjusted very precisely and reproducibly.
Nitrogen mustard as induction therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and immunologic effects. (1992)

We treated 5 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with nitrogen mustard (HN2) and monitored clinical and immunologic variables. HN2, 0.3 mg/kg ideal body weight was given over 7 days. Disease activity and immune function were monitored during and after treatment. Duration of morning stiffness (p = 0.0044), joint count (p = 0.0140), and assessment of pain (p = 0.0264) and function (p = 0.0057) improved by Day 6. T lymphocytes (p = 0.0060), especially T memory cells (CD4CD29; p = 0.0017) fell dramatically. HN2 is effective for rapidly gaining control of active RA. This effect is T cell specific.
Synthesis of two-carbon compounds by homogeneous Fischer–Tropsch type reactions (1980)

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen at pressures below 300 atm and temperatures below 200 °C in chelating ethers (glymes) or 2-methoxyethanol containing cobalt and other metal carbonyls react to give ethanol and other oxygenated products; on the basis of reduction using D2 and study of cobalt complexes, reaction mechanisms are proposed.
SH3 domain ligand binding: What's the consensus and where's the specificity? (2012)

An increasing number of SH3 domain-ligand interactions continue to be described that involve the conserved peptide-binding surface of SH3, but structurally deviate substantially from canonical docking of consensus motif-containing SH3 ligands. Indeed, it appears that that the relative frequency and importance of these types of interactions may have been underestimated. Instead of atypical, we propose referring to such peptides as type I or II (depending on the binding orientation) non-consensus ligands. Here we discuss the structural basis of non-consensus SH3 ligand binding and the dominant role of the SH3 domain specificity zone in selective target recognition, and review some of the best-characterized examples of such interactions.
Comparison of the Polypeptides of Several Strains of Human Cytomegalovirus (1977)

Analysis of purified human cytomegalovirus (CMV) by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 32 polypeptides with mol. wt. ranging from 13,500 to 235,000. Similar analysis of purified preparations of four strains of CMV showed a remarkable similarity in polypeptide composition. Results indicate that the four strains may be related.
A Group IIC-Type Intron Interrupts the rRNA Methylase Gene of <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> Strain 10 (2010)

Group IIC introns insert next to the stem-loop structure of rho-independent transcription terminators, thus avoiding intact genes. The insertion sites of 17 copies of the G.st.I1 intron from Geobacillus stearothermophilus were compared. One copy of the intron was found to interrupt an open reading frame (ORF) encoding an rRNA methylase.