gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and magnetic properties of high coercive NdFeB films with a perpendicular anisotropy (2003)

Relatively good hard magnetic properties obtained from Nd2Fe14B films prepared by the rf sputtering technique were investigated in terms of the microstructural development. Although as-deposited films on Mo substrates deposited at substrate temperatures (Ts) of 365 °C were amorphous with the dispersion of nanocrystalline NdO particles, columnar grains of Nd2Fe14B phase with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane developed after annealing at 650 °C at an optimized heating rate. Nd2Fe14B grain size was about 400 nm in average and NdO particles of about 10 nm were dispersed within the grains and along the grain boundaries. These films exhibited good perpendicular hard magnetic properties of Hci=1356 kA/m and (BH)MAX∼216 kJ/m3.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chondroitin 4-Sulfate with Well-Defined Structure (2005)

Synthesis of chondroitin sulfate (ChS) with well-defined structure was achieved for the first time by hyaluronidase-catalyzed polymerization. N-Acetylchondrosine (GlcAbeta(1-->3)GalNAc) oxazoline derivatives sulfated at C4 (1a), C6 (1b), and both C4 and C6 (1c) in the GalNAc unit were synthesized as transition state analogue substrate monomers for hyaluronidase (HAase) catalysis. Compound 1a was effectively polymerized by the enzyme, giving rise to synthetic ChS sulfated perfectly at the C4 position in all N-acetylgalactosamine units (Ch4S, 2a) in good yields. Molecular weights (Mn) of 2a ranged from 4000 to 18,400, which were controlled by varying reaction conditions. Compounds 1b and 1c were not catalyzed by the enzyme, affording the corresponding disaccharides through the oxazoline ring-opening without formation of polysaccharides.
The Mammalian AP-3 Adaptor-like Complex Mediates the Intracellular Transport of Lysosomal Membrane Glycoproteins (1998)

In mammalian cells, the mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) and the lysosomal glycoproteins, lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) I, lysosomal integral membrane protein (LIMP) II, are directly transported from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes and lysosomes. While MPR traffic relies on the AP-1 adaptor complex, we report that proper targeting of LAMP I and LIMP II to lysosomes requires the AP-3 adaptor-like complex. Overexpression of these proteins, which contain either a tyrosine- or a di-leucine-based-sorting motif, promotes AP-3 recruitment on membranes. Inhibition of AP-3 function using antisense oligonucleotides leads to a selective misrouting of both LAMP I and LIMP II to the cell surface without affecting MPR trafficking. These results provide evidence that AP-3 functions in the intracellular targeting of transmembrane glycoproteins to lysosomes.
Effect of Cross-linking Density on Photoinduced Bending Behavior of Oriented Liquid-Crystalline Network Films Containing Azobenzene (2004)

Oriented liquid-crystalline network films with various cross-linking densities were prepared by polymerization of mixtures of mono- and diacrylates, both of which contain azobenzene chromophores. The optical anisotropy in the films was evaluated by polarizing optical microscopy and polarized IR spectroscopy. The dichroic ratios and the order parameters of the films were estimated from polarized UV absorbance. The free-standing films were found to show photoinduced bending and unbending behavior upon alternate exposure to unpolarized UV light at 366 nm and unpolarized visible light at >540 nm. It was observed that the films with different cross-linking densities exhibited different bending extents and speeds.
Ethene trimerization at Cr<sup>I</sup>/Cr<sup>III</sup> — A density functional theory (DFT) study (2009)

Catalytic ethene trimerization at a chromium(I) indolate-AlR 2 Cl centre has been studied by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The reaction is found to follow the standard metallacycle mechanism. At most stages of the reaction, coordination of Cr to the pyrrole ring of the indolate is preferred. In all 13-e intermediates, coordination of the Al-bound chloride to Cr provides additional stabilization: the chloride behaves as a hemilabile ligand. Benzene is found to compete with ethene for coordination to Cr I . The final hexene-forming step involves direct Cβ → Cα′ hydrogen transfer; reductive elimination from a possible (hydride)(hexenyl) intermediate is more difficult. The kinetic isotope effect calculated for the direct hydrogen transfer (4.1) agrees well with the experimental value for a bis(phosphino)amide chromium catalyst. Side products obtained in such systems (methylenecyclopentane, methylcyclopentane) can plausibly be explained through routes not involving any (hydride)(alkyl) reductive elimination. Our results indicate that a Cr I /Cr III trimerization cycle is possible for some chromium trimerization catalysts, and also suggest that direct hydrogen transfer is most likely a general feature of trimerization at Cr centres.
Critical Period Effects in Second Language Acquisition: The Effect of Written versus Auditory Materials on the Assessment of Grammatical Competence* (1992)

Current research has supported the existence of a critical period for the acquisition of the grammar of a second language. In one study, native speakers of Chinese and Korean, who had arrived in the U.S. at varying ages, were tested on their knowledge of English grammar using an auditory grammaticality judgment task (Johnson & Newport, 1989). Subjects were tested only after having lived in the U.S. for many years as students or academicians. The present study asks whether the poorer performance exhibited by the older arrivals was due to their difficulty with English grammar or merely due to extragrammatical properties associated with an auditory task. The same subjects who participated in the earlier study were tested a year later using an untimed written version of the same test. A strong negative correlation was still observed between age of arrival and performance on the written test: r=‐.54 for subjects of all ages of arrival; r=‐.73 for subjects who arrived to the U.S. before adulthood. Performance was higher on the written version than on the auditory version, but only for the older arrivals. The possibility that earlier formal classroom training boosted the adult arrivals’ performance on the written test is discussed.
Comparative genomics of four closely related Clostridium perfringens bacteriophages reveals variable evolution among core genes with therapeutic potential (2011)

Significant genomic diversity exists even among closely-related bacteriophages. Holins and endolysins represent conserved functions across divergent phage genomes and, as we demonstrate here, endolysins can have significant variability and host-specificity even among closely-related genomes. Endolysins in our phage genomes may be subject to different selective pressures than the rest of the genome. These findings may have important implications for potential biotechnological applications of phage gene products.
Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. (2014)

The current mode of treatment based on synthetic drugs is expensive and also causes genetic and metabolic alterations. However, safe and sound mode of treatment is needed to control the diseases development and progression. In this regards, medicinal plant and its constituents play an important role in diseases management via modulation of biological activities. Ginger, the rhizome of the Zingiber officinale, has shown therapeutic role in the health management since ancient time and considered as potential chemopreventive agent. Numerous studies based on clinical trials and animal model has shown that ginger and its constituents shows significant role in the prevention of diseases via modulation of genetic and metabolic activities. In this review, we focused on the therapeutics effects of ginger and its constituents in the diseases management, and its impact on genetic and metabolic activities.
The Development and Application of Coaxial CdTe Medical Probes for Use in the Clinical Environment (1973)

Medical probes utilising CdTe detectors have been developed and their potential for uptake (or tracer) measurements and dosimetry has been evaluated. It is found that they are suitable for uptake measurements involving both beta and gamma emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Under carefully defined operating conditions CdTe probes can give an approximately tissue equivalent response, and so the same probe can be used for dosimetry and uptake measurements. Further work is necessary to fully establish the potential and characteristics of these devices.
A 32b CMOS microprocessor with on-chip instruction and data caching and memory management (1987)

A processor implemented with 180K transistors in 2μm CMOS technology will be presented. The chip size is 9.7mm × 9.4mm, and the instruction set is compatible with a minicomputer.
World War II Europe (1990)

Ashiny, new "brown bar," fresh out of NYU's aviation meteorological cadet program, Robert B. Sykes found himself at Bolling Field in front of Maj. Art Merewether, chief of the Meteo-rological Section, Headquarters AAC. It was July 16, 1941, and Bob was answering an entirely unexpected summons from the gentleman responsible for running the AAC Weather Service.1 KeywordsAmerican Meteorological SocietyWeather ServiceWeather ReportGround ForceEuropean TheaterThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Condensations Effected by the Alkali Amides. VI. Studies in the Acylation of Methyl 2-Thienyl Ketone<sup>1</sup> (1950)

Here the following equation represents the over-all reaction for the base-induced synthesis of β-diketones. RCOCH<sub>3</sub>+ R'CO<sub>2</sub>R" $\xrightarrow{\text{base}}$ R"OH + RCOCH<sub>2</sub>COR' While considerable work has been reported on the use of the Claisen condensation to prepare a large variety of β-keto esters and β-diketones, no detailed study had been made prior to the present work to determine the effect on the reaction by (1) keeping R and R' constant and varying R" and (2) keeping R and R" constant and varying R'.
Experimental Upstream Demonstration of a Long Reach Wavelength-Converting PON with DWDM Backhaul (2007)

We present experimentally a wavelength converting-PON which uses multiple PONs of similar specification to GPON, with wavelength conversion to provide 38.8 Mbit/s per user to potentially 1280 users over a distance of 120 km.
Tamoxifen mimics the effects of estradiol on food intake, body weight, and body composition in rats (1993)

Treatment of ovariectomized rats with the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen mimicked the effects of estradiol and caused significant decreases in food intake and body weight. The decreases in body weight were reflected mainly in a decreased body fat content, although tamoxifen treatment did suppress linear growth too. Similar to the effects of estradiol, tamoxifen decreased parametrial white adipose tissue wet weight and lipoprotein lipase activity. When given concurrently with estradiol, tamoxifen showed no evidence of antiestrogenic activity on any of these measures. As reported previously, tamoxifen acted as a partial agonist/antagonist for uterine weight. The effective dose of tamoxifen for suppression of food intake, body weight, and body fat content fell between 10 and 50 micrograms/day. Therefore, tamoxifen behaves like other nonsteroidal antiestrogens and mimics but fails to antagonize the actions of estradiol on many aspects of physiological and behavioral regulation of energy balance.
The Transpedicular Approach As an Alternative Route for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration (2013)

This study describes how a transpedicular approach can be used as an alternative route to deliver therapeutic agents to the disc without disruption of the AF showing the potential use of this technique in preclinical research and highlighting its clinical relevance for IVD regeneration.
Gas permeation properties of hexafluoro aromatic polyimides (1993)

Abstract Two hexafluoro‐substituted aromatic polyimides, 6FDA‐ p ‐PDA and 6FDA‐4,4′‐ODA, were synthesized. The influence of some synthetic conditions on physical properties and gas permeabilities of the 6FDA polyimide membranes were studied. Gas permeabilities and permselectivities of six different gases for the homogeneous films have been determined at 15–35°C and at pressures up to 10 atm. 6FDA polyimide composite membranes with asymmetric structure were prepared by the solution‐casting method. The membranes showed exceptionally high permeation fluxes and permselectivities. No capability deterioration of asymmetric membrane was observed during 19 days operation with pure gases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mechanisms of Ciclosporin A-Induced Vasoconstriction in the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney (1992)

Hypertension is a well-known side effect of ciclosporin A (CsA). In the present study the mechanisms of vasoconstriction in renal vessels were examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Kidneys were perfused with constant flow at a temperature of 37 °C with Tyrode’s solution equilibrated with 95% O2/5% CO2. CsA was dissolved in ethanol. 500 and 2000 ng/ml increased resistance of renal vessels by 0.97 ± 0.55 × 105 and 2.29 ± 1.33 × 105 dyn s cm-5, respectively (mean values ± SD, n = 12). The vasoconstriction developed gradually over 4 min. The vasopressor effect of CsA was not changed by saralasin (10-6 M), nifedipine (10-6 M) and ketanserin (10-6 M), but was completely blocked by phentolamine and prazosin (each 10-6M). CsA-induced vasoconstriction was not prevented by perfusion with Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mmol EGTA. Similarly, pretreatment with reserpine to deplete sympathetic nerve endings from catecholamines did not affect CsA-induced vasoconstriction. The findings suggest that CsA-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by stimulation of α1-receptors. Ca2+ influx does not play a role for CsA-induced vasoconstriction. Prolonged perfusion of rat kidneys with the vehicle cremophor EL elicits an irreversible increase in perfusion pressure.
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone VI. Die Herstellung Von Thiazolinen‐Δ<sup>3</sup> Durch Gemeinsame Einwirkung Von Ammoniak Und Oxo‐Verbindungen Auf α‐Mercaptoketone (1957)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung von Ammoniak und Oxo‐Verbindungen auf α‐Mercaptoketone kommt es in fast allen Fällen zur glatten Bildung von Thiazolinen‐Δ 3 . Der Mechanismus dieser Reaktion wird im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung der Thiazoline‐Δ 3 bei der Einwirkung von S und NH 3 auf Ketone diskutiert.
Effects of phenol-formaldehyde / isocyanate hybrid adhesives on properties of oriented strand lumber (OSL) from rubberwood waste (2007)

The objective of this research project was to study the effects of hybrid adhesives of Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) and Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) on the properties of Oriented Strand Lumber (OSL) to determine the optimal ratio of both adhesives. The results showed that OSL formed by pure adhesive or hybrid adhesives (3 blends: 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) had properties that pass the CSA O437.1 standards, such as (1) modulus of rupture, (2) modulus of elasticity, and (3) internal bond strength. However, the thickness swelling and bond durability of OSL formed by pure MDI failed to pass the standards, while those formed by pure PF or hybrid adhesives passed. Among the three blends of adhesives, the blend 75:25 (PF: MDI) gave the best properties while ratio of 50:50 gave the worst properties, especially internal bond strength due to the phase separation of both adhesives. In addition, the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in the "edgewise" direction were higher than those in the "flatwise" direction. In the edgewise direction, load is transferred in the direction of width of strand that is large while in the flatwise direction, load is transferred in the direction of thickness of strand which is small.
Dark Matter in Galactic Collisional Debris (2007)

Our ideas about galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter have been changed by the unexpected observation that galaxies that formed from the collisions of other galaxies contain dark matter.
Cardiac Metabolism in Experimental Ventricular Fibrillation (1954)

The cardiac metabolism of the fibrillating left ventricle of the dog heart with and without maintenance of left coronary artery inflow was investigated. During ventricular fibrillation without maintenance of coronary flow, myocardial adenosine triphosphate and glycogen fell progressively, and in vitro oxygen consumption of biopsied tissue initially increased, but with adequate coronary perfusion these elements were maintained. With reinstitution of coronary flow after 30 to 40 minutes of fibrillation without flow, resynthesis of high energy phosphate occurred. The coronary artery-coronary sinus oxygen difference and left ventricular oxygen usage both decreased in the perfused fibrillating heart as compared with the values in the beating heart.
The impact of epilepsy surgery on quality of life in children (2006)

Epilepsy surgery improves the quality of life of children rendered seizure free. Families can be counseled preoperatively of the potential benefits of surgery beyond seizure reduction.
Influence of Temperature and Ontogeny on the Levels of Glucosinolates in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> Var. <i>italica</i>) Sprouts and Their Effect on the Induction of Mammalian Phase 2 Enzymes (2002)

Broccoli inflorescences have been recognized as components of healthy diets on the basis of their high content of fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids, and glucosinolates/isothiocyanates. Broccoli sprouts have been recently shown to have high levels of glucoraphanin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate), the precursor of the chemoprotective isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. This study evaluated the effects of temperature and developmental stage on the glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts. Seedlings cultivated using a 30/15 degrees C (day/night) temperature regime had significantly higher glucosinolate levels (measured at six consecutive days postemergence) than did sprouts cultivated at lower temperatures (22/15 and 18/12 degrees C; p < 0.001). Both higher (33.1 degrees C) and lower (11.3 degrees C) constant temperatures induced higher glucosinolate levels in sprouts grown to a uniform size. Glucosinolate levels were highest in cotyledons and lowest in roots of sprouts dissected both early and late in the 11 day developmental span investigated. Nongerminated seeds have the highest glucosinolate levels and concordantly greater induction of mammalian phase 2 detoxication enzymes. Levels decline as sprouts germinate and develop, with consistently higher glucosinolate content in younger developmental stages, independent of the temperature regime. Temperature stress or its associated developmental anomalies induce higher glucosinolate levels, specific elevations in glucoraphanin content, and parallel induction of phase 2 chemoprotective enzymes.
Shasta (1996)

This paper describes Shasta, a system that supports a shared address space in software on clusters of computers with physically distributed memory. A unique aspect of Shasta compared to most other software distributed shared memory systems is that shared data can be kept coherent at a fine granularity. In addition, the system allows the coherence granularity to vary across different shared data structures in a single application. Shasta implements the shared address space by transparently rewriting the application executable to intercept loads and stores. For each shared load or store, the inserted code checks to see if the data is available locally and communicates with other processors if necessary. The system uses numerous techniques to reduce the run-time overhead of these checks. Since Shasta is implemented entirely in software, it also provides tremendous flexibility in supporting different types of cache coherence protocols. We have implemented an efficient cache coherence protocol that incorporates a number of optimizations, including support for multiple communication granularities and use of relaxed memory models. This system is fully functional and runs on a cluster of Alpha workstations.The primary focus of this paper is to describe the techniques used in Shasta to reduce the checking overhead for supporting fine granularity sharing in software. These techniques include careful layout of the shared address space, scheduling the checking code for efficient execution on modern processors, using a simple method that checks loads using only the value loaded, reducing the extra cache misses caused by the checking code, and combining the checks for multiple loads and stores. To characterize the effect of these techniques, we present detailed performance results for the SPLASH-2 applications running on an Alpha processor. Without our optimizations, the checking overheads are excessively high, exceeding 100% for several applications. However, our techniques are effective in reducing these overheads to a range of 5% to 35% for almost all of the applications. We also describe our coherence protocol and present some preliminary results on the parallel performance of several applications running on our workstation cluster. Our experience so far indicates that once the cost of checking memory accesses is reduced using our techniques, the Shasta approach is an attractive software solution for supporting a shared address space with fine-grain access to data.
Improved Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforations with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1991)

We have investigated the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on the healing of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. In the first series of experiments, a simple, round 1-mm perforation was made in the membrane and the effects of basic FGF examined. In a second series of experiments, basic FGF was tested on 2-mm perforations in which the borders were folded inward in order to delay normal healing. Topical applications of saline or basic FGF were administered onto gelfoam overlays of the TM perforations in 51 guinea pigs by delivering 5 microliters aliquots of PBS or 5 microliters of PBS containing 1 microgram of basic FGF on the day of surgery and daily thereafter. Repair of the lesions was evaluated 3, 5 or 8 days after surgery. The results show that basic FGF mediates faster healing of TM perforations by inducing rapid proliferation of the subepithelial connective tissue layer.
Assessment of Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Stallion (<i>Equus caballus</i>) and Donkey (<i>Equus asinus</i>) Using the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test (2008)

Sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) is an important parameter to assessing sperm quality. Information about sperm quality is not available for donkeys, especially in some breeds at risk of extinction. The objectives of this research were to test the four commercial variants of sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD; sperm Halomax test), originally developed to assess sDF in boars, bulls, rams and stallions, in order to scrutinize their applicability in the study of sDF in a donkey breed at risk of extinction (Zamorano-Leonesa), for which there is no specific test available to analyze sperm at present. Only the SCD test, originally developed for stallions, produced stable and consistent results, and was deemed suitable to assess DNA fragmentation in sperm samples from donkeys. Image analysis was used to compare differences between the SCD methodology applied to stallion and donkey semen samples processed under the same experimental conditions. The extent of SCD in the SCD test was approximately 20% lower in donkey sperm than in stallion sperm. Yet, the ratio of chromatin sperm dispersion achieved in fragmented and unfragmented nuclei did not differ significantly between species. These data suggest that a similar protein depletion treatment can cause differences in protein removal in equivalent cells from different species and that sperm chromatin may be organized differently in stallions and donkeys.