gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and analysis of image-based navigation system for rotorcraft low-altitude flight (1988)

The automation of helicopter NOE flight entails the modification of nominal trajectories on the basis of the detection and location of obstacles by means of onboard sensors. This process is presently studied using a sequence of images from a passive sensor mounted at the helicopter's center of gravity and oriented with the viewing axis along the rotorcraft's longitudinal body-axis. Three different Kalman filters are used to estimate the location of an object on the ground during the course of various simulated helicopter maneuvers; two of the three filters are found to yield good object location estimates.
A large-signal characterization of an HEMT using a multilayered neural network (1997)

We propose an approach to describe the large-signal behavior of a high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) by using a multilayered neural network. To conveniently implement this in standard circuit simulators, we extracted the HEMT's bias dependent behavior in terms of conventional small-signal equivalent-circuit elements. We successfully represented seven intrinsic elements with a five-layered neural network (composed of 28 neurons) whose inputs are the gate-to source bias (V/sub gs/,) and drain-to-source bias (V/sub ds/) A "well-trained" neural network shows excellent accuracy and generates good extrapolations.
Temperature-Sensitive Dendritic Micelles (2005)

Syntheses up to three generations have been achieved of biaryl-based amphiphilic dendrons with a charge-neutral pentaethylene glycol as the hydrophilic part and a decyl chain as the hydrophobic part. Studies on the temperature-dependent characteristics revealed that these dendrons exhibit a generation-dependent lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This behavior is attributed to the combination of the amphipathic nature of the hydrophilic pentaethylene glycol side chain and dendritic effect. Interestingly, this biaryl-based scaffold also maintains the ability to form a micelle-like assembly in polar solvents and an inverted micelle-like assembly in apolar solvents. Polarity of the dendritic interior was investigated using dye-based microenvironment studies. The aggregation behavior of these micelles was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of these assemblies were investigated using fluorescence excitation spectra of the sequestered guest molecule, pyrene.
The Measurement of Near-Carrier Noise in Microwave Amplifiers (1968)

This paper discusses the measurement of additive noise in microwave power amplifiers, under CW and pulsed condition. The introduction of a pulsed carrier cancellation principle permits, for the first time, an investigation of the additive noise of pulsed amplifiers down to the thermal noise level. The measurement apparatus consists of three channels fed from a common source. One channel contains the amplifier under test. The other channel is pulsed by a "noise-free" modulator with the same pulse parameters as those of the test channel. The two signals are algebraically cancelled in a hybrid circuit and the difference signal, containing only the noise sideband of the amplifier, is coherently detected with the signal in the third channel. Measurements made on klystron amplifiers indicate that the level of the power spectral density of the FM noise approaches the thermal noise level, and that it has nearly the same value for CW and for pulsed operation.
Adjunctive Rifampin Is Crucial to Optimizing Daptomycin Efficacy against Rabbit Prosthetic Joint Infection Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2011)

Daptomycin is an attractive option for treating prosthetic joint infection, but the 6-mg/kg of body weight/day dose was linked to clinical failure and emergence of resistance. Using a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) knee prosthesis infection in rabbits, we studied the efficacies of high-dose daptomycin (22 mg/kg given intravenously [i.v.] once daily [o.d.]; equivalent to 8 mg/kg/day in humans) or vancomycin (60 mg/kg given intramuscularly [i.m.] twice daily [b.i.d.]), both either alone or with adjunctive rifampin (10 mg/kg i.m. b.i.d.). After partial knee replacement with a silicone implant, 10(7) MRSA CFU was injected into the knees. Treatment started 7 days postinoculation and lasted 7 days. Positive cultures were screened for the emergence of mutant strains, defined as having 3-fold-increased MICs. Although in vivo mean log(10) CFU/g of daptomycin-treated (4.23 ± 1.44; n = 12) or vancomycin-treated (4.63 ± 1.08; n = 12) crushed bone was significantly lower than that of controls (5.93 ± 1.15; n = 9) (P < 0.01), neither treatment sterilized bone (2/12 and 0/12 rabbits with sterile bone, respectively). Daptomycin mutant strains were found in 6/12, 3/12, and 2/9 daptomycin-treated, vancomycin-treated, and control rabbits, respectively; no resistant strains emerged (MIC was always <1 mg/liter). Adjunctive rifampin with daptomycin (1.47 ± 0.04 CFU/g of bone [detection threshold]; 11/11 sterile bones) or vancomycin (1.5 ± 0.12 CFU/g of bone; 6/8 sterile bones) was significantly more effective than monotherapy (P < 0.01) and prevented the emergence of daptomycin mutant strains. In this MRSA joint prosthesis infection model, combining rifampin with daptomycin was highly effective. Daptomycin mutant strains were isolated in vivo even without treatment, but adjunctive rifampin prevented this phenomenon, previously found after monotherapy in humans.
In vitro and in vivo macrophage function can occur independently of SLP-76 (2000)

Expression of SH2 domain-containing leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76), a hematopoietic cell-specific adapter protein, is required to couple Syk family tyrosine kinase activation to downstream mediators such as phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma following TCR, platelet collagen receptor and mast cell Fc epsilon R stimulation. In addition to T cells, mast cells and platelets, SLP-76 is expressed in monocytes and macrophages. To determine the role of SLP-76 in Fc gamma R-stimulated signaling pathways in macrophages, we examined cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from SLP-76(-/-) and wild-type mice. In this study, we show that Fc gamma R cross-linking rapidly induces tyrosine phosphorylation of SLP-76 in wild-type BMM. Surprisingly, however, BMM from SLP-76(-/-) mice activate ERK2 and phosphorylate PLC-gamma 2 following Fc gamma R ligation. Furthermore, SLP-76(-/-) BMM display normal Fc gamma R-dependent phagocytic function and reactive oxygen intermediate production. SLP-76(-/-) and SLP-76(+/+) BMM secrete comparable levels of IL-12 in response to lipopolysaccharide and IFN-gamma. To examine macrophage function in vivo, SLP-76(-/-) mice were challenged i.v. with Listeria monocytogenes. SLP-76(-/-) mice survive and efficiently contain the acute phase of infection similar to wild-type mice but exhibit a stable chronic infection attributed to the lack of mature T cells. These data show that, although SLP-76 is required to couple Syk family PTK activity to downstream mediators and effector functions in Fc gamma R-induced pathways in some cell types, activation of Fc gamma R-dependent pathways occurs independently of SLP-76 in BM
Proton transfers are key elementary steps in ethylene polymerization on isolated chromium(III) silicates (2014)

Mononuclear Cr(III) surface sites were synthesized from grafting [Cr(OSi(O(t)Bu)3)3(tetrahydrofurano)2] on silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C, followed by a thermal treatment under vacuum, and characterized by infrared, ultraviolet-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). These sites are highly active in ethylene polymerization to yield polyethylene with a broad molecular weight distribution, similar to that typically obtained from the Phillips catalyst. CO binding, EPR spectroscopy, and poisoning studies indicate that two different types of Cr(III) sites are present on the surface, one of which is active in polymerization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using cluster models show that active sites are tricoordinated Cr(III) centers and that the presence of an additional siloxane bridge coordinated to Cr leads to inactive species. From IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, these tricoordinated Cr(III) sites initiate and regulate the polymer chain length via unique proton transfer steps in polymerization catalysis.
Serologic Testing for Zika Virus: Comparison of Three Zika Virus IgM-Screening Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and Initial Laboratory Experiences (2017)

Serologic evaluation for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection currently includes an initial screen using an anti-ZIKV IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) followed by supplemental testing of specimens with nonnegative results by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). We compared the performance characteristics of three ELISAs for the detection of IgM class antibodies to ZIKV, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Zika MAC-ELISA, the InBios ZIKV <i>Detect</i> MAC-ELISA, and the Euroimmun anti-Zika Virus IgM ELISA. Additionally, we present our initial experiences with ZIKV serologic testing from a national reference laboratory perspective. Using both retrospectively and prospectively collected specimens from patients with possible ZIKV infection, we show that the CDC and InBios MAC-ELISAs perform comparably to each other, with positive agreement, negative agreement, and interrater kappa values ranging from 87.5% to 93.1%, 95.7% to 98.5%, and 0.52 to 0.83, respectively. In contrast, comparison of the Euroimmun ZIKV ELISA to either the CDC or InBios MAC-ELISAs resulted in positive agreement, negative agreement, and interrater kappa values ranging from 17.9% to 42.9%, 91.7% to 98.6%, and 0.10 to 0.39, respectively. Among the 19 prospective samples submitted for PRNT, nine were negative, eight specimens had neutralizing antibodies to a flavivirus (unable to be identified), and one sample each was confirmed for ZIKV or dengue virus infection. This study highlights the ongoing challenges associated with serologic diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Although the availability of a commercial serologic test for ZIKV has greatly expanded the national capacity for such testing, the need to further characterize and improve these assays, particularly with regard to specificity, remains.
Characteristic impedance and signal loss measurements of head-to-preamplifier interconnects (2006)

The use of scattering parameters (S-parameters) to characterize high frequency interconnects has widely been used in the signal integrity field and is now being accepted into the disk drive arena as the preferred modeling tool for write and read path interconnects. The motivating factor for the shift from traditional lumped circuit models to S-parameter models has been the increase in data rates which exceed 1 GB/s. S-parameter models are convenient because they can be used directly in several high end spice circuit simulators as "black box" models. This paper will describe recent measurement techniques which make vector (VNA) network analyzer measurements possible for various interconnect structures up to 8.5 GHz. This paper will verify the results using time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements of the same interconnect structures. Specific examples on signal losses, impedance, and coupling will be shown. Advances in achieving a broad range of differential impedances while maintaining high bandwidth will be demonstrated with idealized test structures.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor from cultured normal rat kidney cell line. (1984)

Serum-free medium conditioned by the normal rat kidney (NRK) cell line contains colony-stimulating factors (CSF) that stimulate the in vitro formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies from rat, mouse, and human marrow. There are two types of CSF: NRK-CSF I stimulates rat and mouse marrow, while NRK-CSF II stimulates the human marrow. The NRK-CSF I has been partially purified to a specific activity of 5 X 10(7) units/mg by employing methods such as preparative isoelectrofocusing, gel filtration chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. It has an isoelectric point of 5.1 and an apparent molecular weight of 35,000 daltons as estimated by gel filtration. It is stable at 50 degrees C for 30 min and relatively resistant to papain, but highly sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin. The secretion of CSF by NRK cells is inhibited by actinomycin D (0.5 micrograms/ml) and cycloheximide (0.5 micrograms/ml), but not by cytosine arabinoside (5 micrograms/ml). Although the CSF activity is inactivated by periodate oxidation (5 mM), thus suggesting its glycoprotein nature, treatment of the CSF with neuraminidase and other glycosidases has no effect on its activity. Anti-NRK-CSF I antibody inhibits the rat/mouse-active CSF from all rat sources, but has no effect on the human-active CSF. Comparative studies with CSF from media conditioned by the transformed cell line (442) and from rat lung and spleen have shown that CSF I from different rat sources share similar isoelectric points, molecular weights, and immunological properties.
An Essential Role of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells in the Regulation of the Expression of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene in Human T Lymphocytes (2000)

We have previously reported that transcriptional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzyme occurs early after T cell receptor triggering, suggesting functional implications of cyclooxygenase activity in this process. Here, we identify the cis-acting elements responsible for the transcriptional activation of this gene in human T lymphocytes. COX-2 promoter activity was induced upon T cell activation both in primary resting T lymphocytes and in Jurkat cells. This induction was abrogated by inhibition of calcineurin phosphatase with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A, whereas expression of an active calcineurin catalytic subunit enhanced COX-2 transcriptional activation. Moreover, cotransfection of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) wild type protein transactivated COX-2 promoter activity. Conversely, dominant negative mutants of NFATc or c-Jun proteins inhibited COX-2 induction. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and site-directed mutagenesis allowed the identification of two regions of DNA located in the positions -117 and -58 relative to the transcriptional start site that serves as NFAT recognition sequences. These results emphasize the central role that the Ca(2+)/calcineurin pathway plays in COX-2 transcriptional regulation in T lymphocytes pointing to NFAT/activator protein-1 transcription factors as essential for COX-2 promoter regulation in these cells.
Detection of Early-Stage Enterprise Infection by Mining Large-Scale Log Data (2015)

Recent years have seen the rise of sophisticated attacks including advanced persistent threats (APT) which pose severe risks to organizations and governments. Additionally, new malware strains appear at a higher rate than ever before. Since many of these malware evade existing security products, traditional defenses deployed by enterprises today often fail at detecting infections at an early stage. We address the problem of detecting early-stage APT infection by proposing a new framework based on belief propagation inspired from graph theory. We demonstrate that our techniques perform well on two large datasets. We achieve high accuracy on two months of DNS logs released by Los Alamos National Lab (LANL), which include APT infection attacks simulated by LANL domain experts. We also apply our algorithms to 38TB of web proxy logs collected at the border of a large enterprise and identify hundreds of malicious domains overlooked by state-of-the-art security products.
Software-Defined Radio for Engineers (2018)

Based on the popular Artech House classic, Digital Communication Systems Engineering with Software-Defined Radio, this book provides a practical approach to quickly learning the software-defined radio (SDR) concepts needed for work in the field. This up-to-date volume guides readers on how to quickly prototype wireless designs using SDR for real-world testing and experimentation. This book explores advanced wireless communication techniques such as OFDM, LTE, WLA, and hardware targeting. Readers will gain an understanding of the core concepts behind wireless hardware, such as the radio frequency front-end, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, as well as various processing technologies. Moreover, this volume includes chapters on timing estimation, matched filtering, frame synchronization message decoding, and source coding. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is explained and details about HDL code generation and deployment are provided. The book concludes with coverage of the WLAN toolbox with OFDM beacon reception and the LTE toolbox with downlink reception. Multiple case studies are provided throughout the book. Both MATLAB and Simulink source code are included to assist readers with their projects in the field.
Complications Related to Subclavian Catheters for Hemodialysis (1986)

Personal experience with subclavian vein cannulations for hemodialysis are given, and the pertinent literature on the subject is reviewed. Two hundred subclavian dialysis catheters were placed in 148 patients who kept them in place for a total of 2,798 days. Immediate complications were two pneumothoraxes and two hemothoraxes due to subclavian artery puncture. Seventeen cases of bacteremia were related to subclavian catheter infections. In 1 case, a complication of sepsis was a vertebral osteomyelitis. Clinical evidences of subclavian vein thrombosis occurred in 5 cases. Life-threatening complications were met in 2 cases: 1 with pericardial tamponade due to right atrium perforation and 1 with mediastinal hematoma and right hemothorax due to superior vena cava perforation. Review of the literature indicates that pneumothoraxes and/or hemothoraxes occurred in 1.7% of the catheter insertions and that sepsis related to subclavian dialysis catheters occurred in 8.9% of the patients. As systematically investigated subclavian vein thrombosis involved at least 50% of the patients. Our 2 personal cases of life-threatening complications and 14 similar cases of the literature were analyzed: left subclavian catheters were associated with superior vena cava perforation with right hemothorax or mediastinal hematoma, while right subclavian catheters gave atrial perforation with pericardial tamponade. Death occurred in 3 of 16 cases, and emergency surgery was required in 5 of 16 cases. Taking into account all these complications, recommendations are made for the use of subclavian dialysis catheters.
Tobacco Budworm Field Evaluation of Microbial Control in Cotton Using Bacillus thuringiensis and a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus with a Feeding Adjuvant123 (1980)

Field tests were conducted in 1978 at Phoenix, AZ, to evaluate a feeding adjuvant, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), and the HD-l strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in controlling Heliothis virescens (F.) in cotton. When cotton that was planted on a normal planting date (Apr. 21) was treated with the virus + a feeding adjuvant or virus + B. thuringiensis + the adjuvant, the percentage of squares and bolls damaged by Heliothis and the number of larvae in the fruiting forms were reduced 38–50 compared to numbers in untreated cotton. However, this reduction did not affect the yield of seed cotton. When cotton, planted late (June 26) to maximize tobacco budworm damage, was treated on a 5-, to 7-day schedule, yields of seed cotton in untreated plots, plots treated with virus alone, plots treated with virus + adjuvant, and plots treated with virus + B. thuringiensis + adjuvant were 332, 774, 1066, and 1427 kg/ha, respectively. Treatment with the virus + B. thuringiensis + adjuvant resulted in the boll damage never exceeding 5% and square damage never over 10%. In another late-planted area, the percentage of squares damaged by Heliothis in untreated plots, plots treated with B. thuringiesis alone, and plots treated with B. thuringiensis + adjuvant was 44.5, 18.3, and 8.8, respectively. The yield of seed cotton was 32% greater in cotton treated with the B. thuringiensis + adjuvant compared to the yield in cotton treated with the bacterium alone. Of Heliothis eggs examined during the tests, 89–98% were H. virescens, and the remainder were H. zea (Boddie).
Task prioritisation in multitasking during driving: opportunity to abort a concurrent task does not insulate braking responses from dual‐task slowing (2007)

Abstract In typical dual‐task driving studies, participants concurrently perform pairs of driving‐related and ‐unrelated tasks (e.g. vehicle braking and mental arithmetic). Requiring responses to both may implicitly equate their importance. In real‐life driving, however, the potential for collision dictates that a concurrent task should be assigned far lower priority than driving. To better reflect naturalistic driving conditions, we not only instructed participants to assign maximum priority to braking in a simulated driving task, but also encouraged them to ignore the concurrent task altogether on dual‐task trials. Despite these instructions, responses to the concurrent task often preceded braking, which suffered from dual‐task interference. We also found that redundant signals to the lead vehicle's brake lights resulted in faster braking responses and an increased likelihood that the braking response would occur first. The results are consistent with the Central Bottleneck (CB) model of dual‐task interference and may help guide the design of driver‐assistance systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution-Based Synthesis of Crystalline Silicon from Liquid Silane through Laser and Chemical Annealing (2012)

We report a solution process for the synthesis of crystalline silicon from the liquid silane precursor cyclohexasilane (Si(6)H(12)). Polysilane films were crystallized through thermal and laser annealing, with plasma hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure generating further structural changes in the films. The evolution from amorphous to microcrystalline is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. A four-decade enhancement in the electrical conductivity is attributed to a disorder-order transition in a bonded Si network. Our results demonstrate a potentially attractive approach that employs a solution process coupled with ambient postprocessing to produce crystalline silicon thin films.
Boronic Acid Shell-Crosslinked Dextran-<i>b-</i>PLA Micelles for Acid-Responsive Drug Delivery (2014)

Herein, 3-carboxy-5-nitrophenylboronic acid (CNPBA) shell-crosslinked micelles based on amphiphilic dextran-block-polylactide (Dex-b-PLA) are prepared and used for efficient intracellular drug deliveries. Due to the reversible pH-dependent binding with diols to form boronate esters, CNPBA modified Dex-b-PLA shows excellent pH-sensitivity. In neutral aqueous conditions, CNPBA-Dex-b-PLA forms shell-crosslinked micelles to enable DOX loading, while in acid conditions, the boronate esters hydrolyze and the micelles de-crosslink to release loaded DOX. In vitro release studies indicate that the release of the DOX cargo is minimized at physiological conditions, while there is a burst release in response to low pHs. The cell viability of CNPBA-Dex-b-PLA investigated by MTT assay was more than 90%, indicating that, as a drug delivery system, CNPBA-Dex-b-PLA has good cytocompatibility. These features suggest that the pH-responsive biodegradable CNPBA-Dex-b-PLA can efficiently load and deliver DOX into tumor cells and enhance the inhibition of cellular proliferation in vitro, providing a favorable platform as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy.