gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed functional characteristics correlating with <scp>TCR</scp>‐ligand k<sub>off</sub>‐rate of <scp>MHC</scp>‐tetramer reactive <scp>T</scp> cells within the naive <scp>T</scp>‐cell repertoire (2013)

The low frequency of antigen-specific naïve T cells has challenged numerous laboratories to develop various techniques to study the naïve T-cell repertoire. Here, we combine the generation of naïve repertoire-derived antigen-specific T-cell lines based on MHC-tetramer staining and magnetic-bead enrichment with in-depth functional assessment of the isolated T cells. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific T-cell lines were generated from seronegative individuals. Generated T-cell lines consisted of a variety of immunodominant CMV-epitope-specific oligoclonal T-cell populations restricted to various HLA-molecules (HLA-A1, A2, B7, B8, and B40), and the functional and structural avidity of the CMV-specific T cells was studied. Although all CMV-specific T cells were isolated based on their reactivity toward a specific peptide-MHC complex, we observed a large variation in the functional avidity of the MHC-tetramer positive T-cell populations, which correlated with the structural avidity measured by the recently developed Streptamer koff -rate assay. Our data demonstrate that MHC-tetramer staining is not always predictive for specific T-cell reactivity, and challenge the sole use of MHC-tetramers as an indication of the peripheral T-cell repertoire, independent of the analysis of functional activity or structural avidity parameters.
Gelatin of Myosin Filament Under High Hydrostatic Pressure (1990)

Gelation of myosin filaments under high hydrostatic pressure was investigated. At room temperature myosin filaments in 0.1 M KCl and 20 mM phosphate, pH 6.0, formed gels at 280 MPa and a protein concentration above 2 mg/ml or at 210 MPa and 3 mg/ml. However, no pressure-induced gelation was observed at 140 MPa. The gel strengths of pressure-induced gels were almost proportional to the protein concentration and they were comparable to those of heat-induced gels. The association of myosin filaments and the structural disturbance seemed to coincide with the formation of the gel. The microstructure of the pressure-induced myosin gel consisted of a fine network and was similar to that of heat-induced myosin filament gels at low ionic strength. Myosin light chains 1 and 3 were easily dissociated from the pressure-induced gels.
Telephone Equipment for Long Cable Circuits (1923)

Some of the important developments contemplated in the apparatus and equipment for long toll cable circuits are described. The large number of equipment units per station in the cable plant and the greater number of stations in a given length of cable than in an open-wire system, have made the economic importance of the equipment design such that a comprehensive program of development, affecting many types of equipment, has been undertaken. The outstanding features of some of the more important of these, including the telephone repeater equipment, test board equipment, and signaling equipment, are described. The necessity for compactness in the dimensions of equipment units, uniformity in assembly arrangements, and simplicity in design, together with the need of careful correlation of the electrical and mechanical requirements, are emphasized. The methods proposed for meeting these requirements generally, are described.
Microcell propagation prediction techniques (2002)

The ability to accurately predict radio propagation characteristics for microcells is becoming crucial to the design of wireless communication networks. Several techniques have been successfully developed for the line of sight situation and the purpose of this paper is to comprehensively collate and review these results. The paper covers empirical and ray tracing propagation techniques, addressing the applicability of the methods and the directions for future work in the area of microcellular radio propagation prediction including considerations for the non-line of sight situation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An improved synthesis of 13-epi-androstanes and of 13-epi-oestranes (1977)

Treatment of a 17-hydroxyimino-steroid with refluxing acetic anhydride and pyridine affords an equilibrium mixture of 13-epi-enimide and 13-epi-enamide. A free-radical mechanism is proposed. Acidic hydrolysis gives the 17-oxo-13-epi-steroid in high overall yield.
Machine Learning approaches to protein ranking: discriminative, semi-supervised, scalable algorithms (2003)

A key tool in protein function discovery is the ability to rank databases of proteins given a query amino acid sequence. The most successful method so far is a web-based tool called PSI-BLAST which uses heuristic alignment of a profile built using the large unlabeled database. It has been shown that such use of global information via an unlabeled data improves over a local measure derived from a basic pairwise alignment such as performed by PSI-BLAST's predecessor, BLAST. In this article we look at ways of leveraging techniques from the field of machine learning for the problem of ranking. We show how clustering and semi-supervised learning techniques, which aim to capture global structure in data, can significantly improve over PSI-BLAST.
Enhancing User-Game Engagement Through Software Gaming Elements (2014)

User-game engagement is vital for building and retaining a customer base for software games. However, few studies have investigated such engagement during gameplay and the impact of gaming elements on engagement. Drawing on the theoretical foundation of engagement, we meticulously deduced two cognitive-related gaming elements of a software game, namely, game complexity and game familiarity, and argued that these elements have individual and joint effects on user-game engagement. This research adopted multimethod empirical investigations to validate our conceptions. The first investigation used electroencephalography and a self-report survey to study quantitatively the cognitive activities of user-game engagement. The second investigation adopted the qualitative interview method to triangulate the findings from the quantitative data. This research contributes to theory in two ways, namely, conceptualizing and empirically examining user-game engagement as well as theorizing and demonstrating how the two gaming elements affect user-game engagement. This work contributes to the gaming practice by providing a set of design principles for gaming elements.
Protein Kinase C-ζ and Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase-1 Are Required for Insulin-induced Activation of ERK in Rat Adipocytes (1999)

The mechanisms used by insulin to activate the multifunctional intracellular effectors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), are only partly understood and appear to vary in different cell types. Presently, in rat adipocytes, we found that insulin-induced activation of ERK was blocked (a) by chemical inhibitors of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta, and, moreover, (b) by transient expression of both dominant-negative Deltap85 PI3K subunit and kinase-inactive PKC-zeta. Further, insulin effects on ERK were inhibited by kinase-inactive 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), and by mutation of Thr-410 in the activation loop of PKC-zeta, which is the target of PDK-1 and is essential for PI3K/PDK-1-dependent activation of PKC-zeta. In addition to requirements for PI3K, PDK-1, and PKC-zeta, we found that a tyrosine kinase (presumably the insulin receptor), the SH2 domain of GRB2, SOS, RAS, RAF, and MEK1 were required for insulin effects on ERK in the rat adipocyte. Our findings therefore suggested that PDK-1 and PKC-zeta serve as a downstream effectors of PI3K, and act in conjunction with GRB2, SOS, RAS, and RAF, to activate MEK and ERK during insulin action in rat adipocytes.
What We Have Learned About Long-Term Cementless Fixation From Autopsy Retrievals (2002)

The current authors summarize insights gained from their experience studying uncemented porous-coated femoral and acetabular hip replacement components retrieved at autopsy. For femoral components, autopsy studies showed that osseointegration occurs over an average 35% of the porous surface with the most predictable ingrowth occurring near the termination of the porous coating. The bone ingrowth pattern causes a predictable bone remodeling pattern: an overall decrease in bone mineral content (mean, 23% loss) occurring on a gradient with the most loss proximally and the least distally. This pattern occurs regardless of the implant's level of coating, mirrors the gradient of strain reduction, and because it is recognized easily, can be used by orthopaedists to distinguish between components with and without bone ingrowth on standard radiographs. Studies also have shown that femoral bone loss is more related to the characteristics of the implanted femur than any other variable. On the acetabular side, bone ingrowth is more unpredictable and occurs randomly. Although the amount of acetabular bone ingrowth averaged 32%, it ranged from 3% to 84%. Unfortunately, a consistent pelvic remodeling pattern has not been associated with an implanted porous-coated uncemented cup. Consequently, orthopaedists cannot determine radiographically whether an acetabular component truly is bone ingrown. Overall, autopsy studies have contributed to a basic understanding of the histologic and radiographic appearance of osteointegrated porous-coated implants and have confirmed the durability of this three-dimensional fixation even in the presence of osteolysis.
Potential therapeutic agents derived from the cannabinoid nucleus. (1977)

Drugs derived from Cannabis sativa (Cannabinceae) were used until the 1940's for their stimulant and depressant effects for treating somatic and psychiatric illnesses. Renewed interest in marihuana research began in the 1970's and again pointed to the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids. Safer and more useful therapeutic agents may be generated from cannabinoids similarly to morphine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and cocaine which have structurally related analgesics, oxytoxics, and local anesthetics respectively. It has been shown that the C-ring in cannabinoids can be substituted with a variety of nitrogen and sulfur-containing rings without loss of CNS (central nervous system) activity. Cannabinoids have been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, intensify pressor effects of endogenous amines like norepinephrine, and enhance the stimulant effects of amphetamine. Cannabinoids' therapeutic potential lies in the areas of analgesics and anticonvulsants, and for use as a sedative-hypnotic, an antiglaucoma agent, an antiasthmatic agent, an antidiarrheal agent, and possibly as an anticancer and immunosuppressant agent.
Analyzing Position-Domain Hatch Filter for Real-Time Kinematic Differential GNSS (2006)

본 논문에서는 실시간 동적 차분 위성항법과 관련하여 근래에 제안된 위치영역 Hatch 필터의 오차 특성을 해석하였다. 위치영역 Hatch 필터에 의하여 생성되는 잉여값 순열 (residual sequence)이 고장검출에 유용한 백색잡음 (white noise) 특성을 가짐을 보였으며, 위치영역 Hatch 필터는 기존에 알려진 위치영역 Kalman 형 필터에 비하여 전 상태 추정치 (a priori state estimate) 의 정확도 면에서 오히려 더 우수함을 해석적으로 보였다. 이와 같은 특성에 의하면 차분 위성항법의 다양한 응용분야에서 위치영역 Hatch 필터가 고장검출 및 정밀측위에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. Performance characteristics of the position-domain Hatch filter is analyzed for differential global navigation satellite systems. It is shown that the position-domain Hatch filter generates white measurement residual sequences, which is beneficial property for fault detection. It is also shown that the position-domain Hatch filter yields more accurate a priori state estimate than the position-domain Kalman-type filter. Thus, it can be concluded that the position-domain Hatch filter is beneficial in wide application areas where fault-tolerance and accuracy are required at the same time.
Laser Ignited Internal Combustion Engine - An Experimental Study (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Preliminary test results are presented for an S.I. engine which used a focused laser beam and conventional spark ignition as ignition sources. The results show that for a steady running single-cylinder engine with MBT spark timing and fixed throttle position, engine performance and efficiency are improved, extension of the lean limit of operation by 5 air-fuel ratios is possible, and more NO is produced with laser ignition. The effects of EGR are also examined. The CO and HC emissions are essentially the same.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the laser, the spark location was found to have little effect on performance except when it was moved near the combustion chamber wall. The minimum laser pulse energy required for steady engine operation seems to be dictated by the minimum energy required to achieve breakdown of the laser pulse in air at the same pressure.</div>
A modular methodology for fast fault detection and classification in power systems (1998)

This paper presents a modular yet integrated approach to the problem of fast fault detection and classification. Although the specific application example studied here is a power system, the method would be applicable to arbitrary dynamic systems. The approach is quite flexible in the sense that it can be model-based or model-free. In the model-free case, we emphasize the use of concepts from signal processing and wavelet theory to create fast and sensitive fault indicators. If a model is available then conventionally generated residuals can serve as fault indicators. The indicators can then be analyzed by standard statistical hypothesis testing or by artificial neural networks to create intelligent decision rules. After a detection, the fault indicator is processed by a Kohonen network to classify the fault. The approach described here is expected to be of wide applicability. Results of computer experiments with simulated faulty transmission lines are included.
Increased Levels of Peroxisomal Active Oxygen-Related Enzymes in Copper-Tolerant Pea Plants (1987)

The effect in vivo of high nutrient levels of copper (240 micromolar) on the activity of different metalloenzymes containing Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn, distributed in chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria, was studied in leaves of two varieties of Pisum sativum L. plants with different sensitivity to copper. The metalloenzymes studied were: cytochrome c oxidase, Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase I (Cu,Zn-SOD I), for mitochondria; catalase and Mn-SOD, for peroxisomes; and isozyme Cu,Zn-SOD II for chloroplasts. The activity of mitochondrial SOD isozymes (Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD I) was very similar in Cu-tolerant and Cu-sensitive plants, whereas cytochrome c oxidase was lower in Cu-sensitive plants. Chloroplastid Cu,Zn-SOD activity was the same in the two plant varieties. In contrast, the peroxisomal Mn-SOD activity was considerably higher in Cu-tolerant than in Cu-sensitive plants, and the activity of catalase was also increased in peroxisomes of Cu-tolerant plants. The higher activities of these peroxisomal active oxygen-related enzymes in Cu-tolerant plants suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates (O(2) (-), OH) in the mechanism of Cu lethality, and also imply a function for peroxisomal Mn-SOD in the molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance to Cu in Pisum sativum L.
Systems Technologies for the Ubiquitous Society (2006)

As a trans-disciplinary approach to integrate a multi-disciplinary project (Yaoyorozu Project), we propose a concept of combination of systems technologies, that is, mathematical modeling of society, multi-agent simulation, and a scenario generation method. The objectives of the project are to design ubiquitous information society of 2010 and to extract issues of the future information society. This paper reports some research results of these systems technologies; a mathematical model relevant to the spreading of the ubiquitous information systems which consists of mobile/wearable devices and devices in environments, a social simulation focused on ubiquitous community sustainability, and a scenario-generating procedure for extracting future social issues. The synergetic relationship among these three technologies is also discussed.
Smart Spaces: Indoor Wireless Location Management System (2007)

Determining the location of objects or people in a smart space is one of the prerequisites enabling smart applications. The ideal location system makes use of existing infrastructure such as wireless LAN or cellular communication systems. However, in indoor environment typical wireless LAN systems do not provide sufficient accuracy for many smart applications and such as WLAN based location system needs to be enhanced. This paper involves proposal of a heterogeneous location system based on a combination of IEEE 802.11 WLAN and a sensor network based ultra wideband radar system. The proposed system provides greater accuracy than other proposed systems and provides the added advantage that the sensor network can be utilized for other ubiquitous computing applications.
Selenium preserves mitochondrial function, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduces infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia (2012)

These results suggest that selenium protects neurons against hypoxic/ischemic damage by reducing oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial functional activities and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis.
End-to-end integration testing design (2002)

Integration testing has always been a challenge especially if the system under test is large with many subsystems and interfaces. This paper proposes an approach to design End-to-End (E2E) integration testing, including test scenario specification, test case generation and tool support. Test scenarios are specified as thin threads, each of which represents a single function from an end user's point of view. Thin threads can be organized hierarchically into a tree with each branch consisting of a set of related thin threads representing a set of related functionality. A test engineer can use thin-thread trees to generate test cases systematically, as well as carry out other related tasks such as risk analysis and assignment, regression testing, ripple effect analysis. A prototype tool has been developed to support E2E testing in a distributed environment on the J2EE platform.
Silicon photonic modulator and integration for high-speed applications (2008)

We present recent results of a silicon photonic integrated chip that is capable of transmitting data at an aggregate rate of 200 Gb/s. It is based on wavelength division multiplexing where an array of eight high speed silicon optical modulators are monolithically integrated with a demultiplexer and a multiplexer. The modulators, each capable of 25 Gb/s data transmission, are based on the carrier depletion effect of pn diodes, and the demultiplexer/multiplexer is based on a cascaded asymmetric Mach Zehnder interferometer design.
RESISTANCE AND REGENERABILITY OF THE FACIAL NERVE IN EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMA (1978)

It has been observed through our clinical experience and experimental results that a com-plete recovery of muscle paralysis can not be expect after a severe damage to the innervating nerve, even after evidence of regeneration of the nerve fibers is ascertained. Why does such a condition occur? How much muscle impaired after a nerve was crushed or sectioned? The purpose of this study is to answer to these questions. After the third branch of the facial nerve of rabbits was sectioned to the depth of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and then 7/8 in diameter, the degree of muscle contraction induced by stimulating the nerve central to the lesion was evaluated by means of a UL-type strain gage. Moreover, 8 months after the third branch of the facial nerve of rabbits was crushed or sutured after sectioning, the muscle contractibility was estimated and the pattern of evoked waves obtained from the orbicularis oris muscle was observed. These experiments led to the conclusions as follows: 1) The muscle contractibility is kept within normal range if a half of the nerve fibers remain intact. 2) In the case of nerve crush, more than a half of total fibers regenerates and functions normally. Thus, the muscle function recovers completely. 3) In the case of nerve sectioning, more than a half of total fibers does not regenerat and the muscle function does not recover completely. In this case, paralysis never recovers compl-etely.
Mechanical Properties of 23 Species of Eastern Hardwoods. (1975)

Important mechanical properties of clear, straight-grained wood of 23 species are tabulated, along with coefficients of variation. These property estimates can be used to match up species with kind of material needed for a specific job, or to search for substitutes for a presently used species. Some of the species appear, with allowable properties, in two published plywood manuals. There are no similar hardwood lumber stress grades, but standard methods exist for generating them, should interest develop.
Role for yeast inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)-like proteins in cell division (1999)

Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) are a family of proteins that bear baculoviral IAP repeats (BIRs) and regulate apoptosis in vertebrates and Drosophila melanogaster. The yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe both encode a single IAP, designated BIR1 and bir1, respectively, each of which bears two BIRs. In rich medium, BIR1 mutant S. cerevisiae underwent normal vegetative growth and mitosis. Under starvation conditions, however, BIR1 mutant diploids formed spores inefficiently, instead undergoing pseudohyphal differentiation. Most spores that did form failed to survive beyond two divisions after germination. bir1 mutant S. pombe spores also died in the early divisions after spore germination and became blocked at the metaphase/anaphase transition because of an inability to elongate their mitotic spindle. Rather than inhibiting caspase-mediated cell death, yeast IAP proteins have roles in cell division and appear to act in a similar way to the IAPs from Caenorhabditis elegans and the mammalian IAP Survivin.
Isoperimetric Graph Partitioning for Data Clustering and Image Segmentation (2003)

Spectral methods of graph partitioning have been shown to provide a powerful approach to the image segmentation problem. In this paper, we adopt a different approach, based on estimating the isoperimetric constant of an image graph. Our algorithm produces the high quality segmentations and data clustering of spectral methods, but with improved speed and stability. 1