gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using speech recognition (1995)

From the Publisher:
Speech recognition is becoming part of our daily lives. Hardware and software system developers, consumer product designers, researchers, and innovative computer users are creating speech recognition applications that range from voice control of dishwashers to meaningful human-computer dialogues. Using Speech Recognition is a comprehensive, unbiased examination of the speech recognition industry. It explains the technology using clear, understandable language and explores differences among existing commercial speech recognition products. Using Speech Recognition describes successful applications along with the technology and human factors involved in designing good speech recognition applications. Most chapters contain a Technology Focus section that explains aspects of the technology and an Application Focus section that addresses application-development issues.
Classical and Nonclassical Furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as Novel Antifolates: Synthesis and Biological Activities (1994)

Classical antifolate analogues containing a novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring system which include N-[4-[N-[(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5- yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (1) and its N-9 methyl analogue 2 were synthesized as potential dual inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and as antitumor agents. Four nonclassical antifolates, 2,4-diamino-5-(anilinomethyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 3-6 with 3,4,5-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trichloro, 3,4-dichloro, and 2,5-dimethoxy substituents, respectively, in the phenyl ring, were also synthesized as potential inhibitors of DHFRs including those from Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii, which are organisms responsible for opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The classical and nonclassical analogues were obtained via nucleophilic displacements of the key intermediate 2,4-diamino-5-(chloromethyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with the appropriate (p-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate or substituted aniline. The key intermediate was in turn synthesized from 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine and 1,3-dichloroacetone. The final compounds were tested in vitro against rat liver, (recombinant) human, P. carinii, T. gondii, and Lactobacillus casei DHFRs. The classical analogues showed moderate to good DHFR inhibitory activity (IC50 10(-6)-10(-8) M) with the N-CH3 analogue 2 about twice as potent as 1. The nonclassical analogues were inactive with IC50S > 3 x 10(-5) M. The classical analogues were also evaluated as inhibitors of TS (L. casei, (recombinant) human and human CCRF-CEM), glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and were found to be inactive against these enzymes. The classical analogues (particularly 2) were significantly cytotoxic toward a variety of tumor cell lines in culture. The nonclassical analogues were marginally active. Both classical compounds were good substrates for human folylpolyglutamate synthetase. Further evaluation of the cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 in CCRF-CEM cells and its sublines, having defined mechanisms of methotrexate (MTX) resistance, demonstrated that the analogues utilize the reduced folate/MTX-transport system and primarily inhibit DHFR and that poly-gamma-glutamylation was crucial to their mechanism of action. Protection studies in the FaDu squamous cell carcinoma cell line indicated that inhibition was completely reversed by leucovorin or the combination of thymidine plus hypoxanthine. Furthermore, for compounds 1 and 2, in contrast to MTX, the FaDu cells were better protected by thymidine alone than hypoxanthine alone, suggesting a predominantly antithymidylate effect.
Hybrid System for Simultaneous Fluorescence and X-Ray Computed Tomography (2009)

A hybrid imaging system for simultaneous fluorescence tomography and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) of small animals has been developed and presented. The system capitalizes on the imaging power of a 360 ( degrees )-projection free-space fluorescence tomography system, implemented within a microcomputed tomography scanner. Image acquisition is based on techniques that automatically adjust a series of imaging parameters to offer a high dynamic range dataset. Image segmentation further allows the incorporation of structural priors in the optical reconstruction problem to improve the imaging performance. The functional system characteristics are showcased, and images from a brain imaging study are shown, which are reconstructed using XCT-derived priors into the optical forward problem.
ExtendedThumb (2014)

Screen size of mobile handheld devices such as cellular phones has been increasing, causing the decrease of thumb mobility. It is difficult for a user to hold a large touch-screen mobile device and reach a distant target on the screen with one hand. We propose ExtendedThumb, a virtual thumb proxy of the real thumb, to address this problem in single-handed interaction. ExtendedThumb reaches out to a distant target on a touch screen in the dragging direction of the real thumb but at a faster speed than the latter. Users can adjust the position of the virtual thumb by changing the dragging direction and distance of the real thumb. Results of an empirical evaluation show that ExtendedThumb significantly outperforms MagStick in speed and user satisfaction while achieving a similar accuracy. ExtendedThumb is also significantly better than the direct touch method in accuracy and user satisfaction. The findings provide insights into motion-based one-handed interaction with mobile devices.
Self-Organized Graphene/Graphite Structures Obtained Directly on Paper (2014)

We experimentally investigated the properties of graphite layers produced by an easy and non-conventional method of repeatedly rubbing conventional random stacked graphite bulk against insulating and semiconductor substrates. The patterned structure composed of rubbed-off and transferred layers exhibits properties of a solid-state material with through-thickness anisotropy of carrier mobility reaching ~10^3 cm^2/V*sec at the surface. The surface of the structure demonstrates quality of more ordered and optically oriented mono or few layer graphene shaped by self-organization process due to friction. Enhanced photoconductivity originating from modification of continuous and linear valence and conduction bands caused by interaction between 4 graphene layers made possible obtaining Raman spectra at near infrared excitation wavelength of 976 nm.
Implicit memory: History and current status. (1987)

Memory for a recent event can be expressed explicitly, as conscious recollection, or implicitly, as a facilitation of test performance without conscious recollection. A growing number of recent studies have been concerned with implicit memory and its relation to explicit memory. This article presents an historical survey of observations concerning implicit memory, reviews the findings of contemporary experimental research, and delineates the strengths and weaknesses of alternative theoretical accounts of implicit memory. It is argued that dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have been documented across numerous tasks and subject populations, represent an important challenge for research and theory, and should be viewed in the context of other dissociations between implicit and explicit expressions of knowledge that have been documented in recent cognitive and neuropsychological research. Psychological studies of memory have traditionally relied on tests such as free recall, cued recall, and recognition. A prominent feature of these tests is that they make explicit reference to, and require conscious recollection of, a specific learning episode. During the past several years, however, increasing attention has been paid to experimental situations in which information that was encoded during a particular episode is subsequently expressed without conscious or deliberate recollection. Instead of being asked to try to remember recently presented information, subjects are simply required to perform a task, such as completing a graphemic fragment of a word, indicating
Eliminating degradation during bonding of gas atomized Nd-Fe-B (1997)

While significant progress has been made in improving the hard magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B powder produced by inert gas atomization, the ability to maintain the hard magnetic properties during low temperature heating, such as that experienced during bonding, has not been previously demonstrated. For all alloys studied, bulk oxidation was the primary degradation mechanism occurring at elevated temperatures (>225/spl deg/C). In the rare earth rich conventional alloys, reverse domains nucleated from defects located at or near the surface are a significant degradation mechanism which occurs at low temperatures (<225/spl deg/C) and severely limits bonded magnet performance. In contrast, TiC modified alloys do not experience degradation during bonding at normal bonding temperatures (150/spl deg/C to 200/spl deg/C) due to elimination of the surface reversal degradation mechanism. This is due to the better bulk corrosion resistance resulting from the ability to process compositions with reductions in rare earth content coupled with an internal nanocrystalline microstructure which is similar to melt-spun ribbons.
Screening of in vitro cytotoxic activity of some medicinal plants used traditionally to treat cancer in Chhattisgarh state, India (2011)

Objective To explore the cytotoxic activity of the alcoholic extracts of some medicinal plants used traditionally to treat cancer in Chhattisgarh state, India. Methods In-vitro cytotoxicity of alcoholic extracts of five plants i.e. Artocarpus heterophyllus, Alangium salvifolium, Buchanania lanzan, Sesbania grandiflora and Wrightia tinctoria was studied against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human leukemia (HL-60) tumor cell lines, using the thiazolyl blue test (MTT) assay. Results Alcoholic extract of Sesbania grandiflora exhibited a prominent inhibitory effect against MCF-7 (IC 50 7.00±0.08 μg/mL) and HL-60 (IC 50 18.50±0.60 μg/mL) under in vitro condition. Conclusions From the result it can be found that the Sesbania grandiflora extract has potent in vitro cytotoxic activity.
Macrophage Protection Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Herpes Simplex Virus by Red Blood Cell-Mediated Delivery of a Heterodinucleotide of Azidothymidine and Acyclovir (1998)

Human herpesvirus (HSVs) are distributed worldwide and are among the most frequent causes of viral infection in HIV-1-immunocompromised patients. Hence, therapeutic strategies able to inhibit HSV-1 and HIV-1 replication are sorely needed. Until now, the most common therapies against HSV-1 and HIV-1 infectivity have been based on the administration of nucleoside analogs; however, to be active, these antiviral drugs must be converted to their triphosphorylated derivatives by viral and/or cellular kinases. At the cellular level, the main problems involved in the use of such drugs are their limited phosphorylation in some cells (e.g., antiretroviral drugs in macrophages) and the cytotoxic side effects of nucleoside analog triphosphates. To overcome these limitations, a new heterodinucleotide (AZTp2ACV) consisting of both an antiretroviral and an antiherpetic drug, bound by a pyrophosphate bridge, was designed and synthesized. The impermeant AZTp2ACV was encapsulated into autologous erythrocytes modified to increase their recognition and phagocytosis by human macrophages. Once inside macrophages, metabolic activation of the drug occurred. The addition of AZTp2ACV-loaded erythrocytes to human macrophages provided effective and almost complete in vitro protection from HIV-1 and HSV-1 replications, respectively. Therefore, AZTp2ACV acts as an efficient antiviral prodrug following selective targeting to macrophages by means of loaded erythrocytes.
Real Property -- Disposition of Real Property of Eleemosynary Corporation upon Its Dissolution (1935)

ILA. GEN.STAT.(Dart, 1932) 8612, provides: "That for every individual, firm, association or corporation carrying on the profession or business of steam dyeing, steam cleaning, steam pressing, or the business of steam or electric laundering, the license (tax) shall be based upon the gross annual receipts from such profession or business, .. " 'Art.10, sec.8, reads as follows: "License taxes may be levied on such classes of persons, associations of persons and corporations pursuing any trade, business, occupation, vocation or profession, as the Legislature may deem proper, except clerks
What Do We Need to Know About Disease Ecology to Prevent Lyme Disease in the Northeastern United States?: Table 1. (2012)

Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the United States, with the majority of cases occurring in the Northeast. It has now been three decades since the etiological agent of the disease in North America, the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, and its primary North American vectors, the ticks Ixodes scapularis Say and I. pacificus Cooley & Kohls, were identified. Great strides have been made in our understanding of the ecology of the vectors and disease agent, and this knowledge has been used to design a wide range of prevention and control strategies. However, despite these advances, the number of Lyme disease cases have steadily increased. In this article, we assess potential reasons for the continued lack of success in prevention and control of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, and identify conceptual areas where additional knowledge could be used to improve Lyme disease prevention and control strategies. Some of these areas include: 1) identifying critical host infestation rates required to maintain enzootic transmission of B. burgdorferi, 2) understanding how habitat diversity and forest fragmentation impacts acarological risk of exposure to B. burgdorferi and the ability of interventions to reduce risk, 3) quantifying the epidemiological outcomes of interventions focusing on ticks or vertebrate reservoirs, and 4) refining knowledge of how human behavior influences Lyme disease risk and identifying barriers to the adoption of personal protective measures and environmental tick management.
Proposal of Flexible Touch Panel Sensor (2013)

Recently, new touch panels are actively developed. And, the device with the touch panel is widespread. However, past touch panels cannot fold. Therefore, they can be set up only on the plane. Flexibility is needed for the touch panel to set up the touch panel in various places. Then, we propose the flexible touch panel sensor. This sensor is made from a resistance films and an insulation film and metallic foils. The place touched can be specified according to the current ratio that flows to the circuit when the person touches the sensor. This sensor can be installed on various places.
Variable-period magnetostatic undulator designs based on iron-free current configurations (1990)

The design of a magnetostatic undulator based on iron-free current configuration is described. Equations describing its performance are derived. Based on this exercise, it is shown that other types of variable-period magnetostatic structures with significantly stronger fields could be implemented. A specific design for a variable-period dipole configuration with the potential for generating moderate fields on medium-energy (2-4 GeV) storage rings is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Second Harmonic Imaging Microscopy (2003)

Journal Article Second Harmonic Imaging Microscopy Get access Leslie M Loew, Leslie M Loew Center for Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1507 USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrew C Millard, Andrew C Millard Center for Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1507 USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paul J Campagnola, Paul J Campagnola Center for Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1507 USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William A Mohler, William A Mohler Center for Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1507 USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Aaron Lewis Aaron Lewis Division of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 170–171, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192760344066X Published: 06 August 2003
The nucleotide sequence of the<i>Escherichta coli fus</i>gene, coding for elongation factor G (1984)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli fus gene, which codes for elongation factor G. The protein product of the sequenced gene contains 703 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 77,444. The fus gene shows the nonrandom pattern of codon usage typical of ribosomal proteins and other proteins synthesized at a high level. We have identified several potential promoter sequences within the gene. One of these sequences may correspond to the secondary promoter for expression of the downstream tufA gene (encoding elongation factor Tu) whose activity has been described previously (1,2). A comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of elongation factors G and Tu reveals a limited but significant homology between the two proteins within the 150 amino acid residues at their amino-terminal ends.
Changes in blood glucose concentration are associated with relatively rapid changes in circulating fructosamine concentrations in cats (2008)

The aim of the study was to determine the time required for plasma fructosamine concentration to increase after the onset of hyperglycaemia and decrease after resolution of hyperglycaemia. Healthy cats (n=14) were infused to maintain either moderate hyperglycaemia (n=5) (actual mean glucose 17 mmol/l) or marked hyperglycaemia (n=9) (actual 29 mmol/l) for 42 days. Fructosamine exceeded the upper limit of the reference range (331 micromol/l) after 3-5 days of marked hyperglycaemia, took 20 days to plateau and, after cessation of infusion, took 5 days to return to baseline. Fructosamine concentration for moderate hyperglycaemia took longer to exceed the reference range (7 days, range 4-14 days), and fewer days to plateau (8 days) and return to baseline (1 day). In cats with moderate hyperglycaemia, fructosamine concentration mostly fluctuated under the upper limit of the reference range. The range of fructosamine concentrations associated with a given glucose concentration was wide. The critical difference for fructosamine was 33 micromol/l.
Inhibitory effect of C-reactive protein on alternative C pathway activation by liposomes and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. (1981)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase serum protein found associated with damaged tissue at sites of inflammation. CRP bound to multivalent phosphocholine-containing or polycationic ligands activates C by the classical pathway. We have previously described liposomes of a particular lipid composition that are able both to activate the alternative pathway of C and to bind CRP. In addition many strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae activate the alternative pathway. We have shown CRP binding to these bacteria as well. Because antibody to an activating surface in many cases enhances alternative pathway activation, we tested CRP for a similar function in these systems. Our results indicate that, in contrast to antibody, CRP inhibits alternative pathway activation. This inhibition by CRP is apparently restricted to surfaces that bind CRP. Thus, CRP binding to membrane or bacterial surfaces can convert them from alternative pathway activation to classical pathway activation.
Intraluminal techniques for vena caval interruption and pulmonary embolectomy (1978)

Abstract Although most patients who sustain thromboembolism can be managed by anticoagulation, a number of them benefit from mechanical protection against further embolism or require embolectomy for survival. Intraluminal approaches have been developed recently as an alternative to major surgical procedures for these aims and show improved effectiveness and reduced morbidity and mortality rates. Clinical results using the Kimray‐Greenfield vena caval filter in 76 patients since 1972 include a mortality rate of 4% within 2 weeks after operation and 17.1% thereafter due to underlying disease. Recurrent thromboembolism was seen in 2.6% and the incidences of thrombophlebitis and extremity edema were comparable to the experience with the Mobin‐Uddin umbrella. In contrast to that experience, migration of the filter has not occurred and the postoperative vena cava patency rate at 11 months by venacavography is 97%. Transvenous pulmonary embolectomy has been performed in 22 patients and the development of a steerable catheter with simultaneous insertion of the vena caval filter reduced the operative mortality rate from 40% to 17%. Emboli were removed in 86% of patients and overall survival has been 14 of 22 patients (64%). Catheter embolectomy under local anesthesia provides a useful alternative to open embolectomy requiring cardiopulmonary bypass .
Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of α<sub>2</sub>‐adrenergic and serotonin<sub>2C</sub> receptors: a comparison with citalopram (2000)

Mirtazapine displayed marked affinity for cloned, human alpha2A-adrenergic (AR) receptors at which it blocked noradrenaline (NA)-induced stimulation of guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)-triphosphate ([35S]-GTPgammaS) binding. Similarly, mirtazapine showed high affinity for cloned, human serotonin (5-HT)2C receptors at which it abolished 5-HT-induced phosphoinositide generation. Alpha2-AR antagonist properties were revealed in vivo by blockade of UK-14,304-induced antinociception, while antagonist actions at 5-HT2C receptors were demonstrated by blockade of Ro 60 0175-induced penile erections and discriminative stimulus properties. Mirtazapine showed negligible affinity for 5-HT reuptake sites, in contrast to the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. In freely moving rats, in the dorsal hippocampus, frontal cortex (FCX), nucleus accumbens and striatum, citalopram increased dialysate levels of 5-HT, but not dopamine (DA) and NA. On the contrary, mirtazapine markedly elevated dialysate levels of NA and, in FCX, DA, whereas 5-HT was not affected. Citalopram inhibited the firing rate of serotonergic neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus, but not of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, nor adrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Mirtazapine, in contrast, enhanced the firing rate of dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, neurons. Following 2 weeks administration, the facilitatory influence of mirtazapine upon dialysate levels of DA and NA versus 5-HT in FCX was maintained, and the influence of citalopram upon FCX levels of 5-HT versus DA and NA was also unchanged. Moreover, citalopram still inhibited, and mirtazapine still failed to influence, dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons. In conclusion, in contrast to citalopram, mirtazapine reinforces frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission. These actions reflect antagonist properties at alpha2A-AR and 5-HT2C receptors.