gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Pulmonary Toxicity Assessments of C<sub>60</sub> Water Suspensions in Rats:  Few Differences in Fullerene Toxicity in Vivo in Contrast to in Vitro Profiles (2007)

It has previously been reported that the in vitro cytotoxic effects of water-soluble fullerene species are a sensitive function of their surface derivatization status. In a recent study, it was reported that doses of an aggregated form of underivatized C60, termed nano-C60, were 3-4 orders of magnitude more toxic to human dermal fibroblasts, lung epithelial cells, and normal human astrocytes when compared to identical exposures of these cell types to a fully derivatized, highly water-soluble derivative, C60(OH)24. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to test and validate these in vitro findings by comparing the in vivo pulmonary toxicity effects in rats of intratracheally instilled nano-C60 and C60(OH)24. In two combined studies, groups of rats were instilled with doses of either 0.2, 0.4, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg of nano-C60, C60(OH)24, or alpha-quartz particle types using Milli-Q water as the vehicle. Subsequently, the lungs of vehicle and particle-exposed rats were assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid biomarkers, oxidant and glutathione endpoints, airway and lung parenchymal cell proliferation methods, and histopathological evaluation of lung tissue at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postinstillation exposure. Exposures to both nano-C60 or water-soluble C60(OH)24 produced only transient inflammatory and cell injury effects at 1 day postexposure (pe) and were not different from water instilled controls at any other pe time periods. An increase in lipid peroxidation endpoints vs controls was measured in BAL fluids of rats exposed to 1.5 and 3 mg/kg of nano-C60 at 1 day and 3 month pe time points. In addition, no adverse lung tissue effects were measured at 3 months postinstillation exposures to the highest dose of the two types of fullerenes. In contrast, pulmonary exposures to quartz particles in rats produced dose-dependent lung inflammatory responses characterized by neutrophils and foamy lipid-containing alveolar macrophage accumulation as well as evidence of early lung tissue thickening consistent with the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The results demonstrated little or no difference in lung toxicity effects between the two fullerene samples when compared to controls, and these data are not consistent with the previously reported in vitro effects. The findings exemplify both the difficulty in interpreting and extrapolating in vitro toxicity measurements to in vivo effects and highlight the complexities associated with probing the relevant toxicological responses of fullerene nanoparticle systems.
Numerical simulation of effects of cusp magnetic field on oxygen concentration of 300 mm CZ‐Si (2012)

Abstract In magnetic Czochralski (MCZ) silicon growth, the distance and diameter of the electrified coils may affect the magnetic field intensity and melt flow. By changing the above parameters, the optimum geometric configuration of the coils was attempted. Through analyses of the oxygen concentration distribution of the crystal/melt interface, axial and radial velocity distribution of melt and the magnetic field intensity in the melt, it is found that smaller diameter of coils contributes to reducing the needed current intensity and production costs. For a given current intensity, there is a best distance of coils when the oxygen concentration at crystal/melt interface reaches the lowest.
A Binary Coding Approach for Combination Networks and General Erasure Networks (2007)

We investigate a deterministic binary coding approach for combination networks. In the literature, network coding schemes with large alphabet sizes achieve the min-cut capacity. Here, we propose an approach using binary (GF(2)) sequences instead of going to a large alphabet size. In the encoding process, only cyclic-shifting and XOR operations are used. The encoding complexity is linear with the length of information bits. The transfer matrix is sparse, and the decoder can perfectly decode source information by a sparse- matrix processing approach. Our approach does not use any redundant bits, and achieves the min-cut capacity. Further, the code blocks can be produced in a rateless way. The sink can decode source information from any subset of code blocks, if the number of received distinct blocks is the same as that of the information blocks. Thus, we use the code for general networks with erasure channels. The proposed binary rateless codes have quite small overheads and can work with a small number of blocks. With high probability, the codes behave as maximum distance separable (MDS) codes.
Abstract 1906: IL-6-mediated activation of STAT3 inhibits APC and T cell function in metastatic breast cancer (2010)

Abstract Background: The transcription factor STAT3 is a negative regulator of myeloid inflammatory immune responses, leading to profound suppression of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell function, and anti-tumor immunity. Blockade of STAT3 signaling in tumor models results in activation of innate immune cells, DCs, and tumor infiltration of T cells. We hypothesized that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) from breast cancer patients were dysfunctional, due to IL-6-mediated activation of STAT3. Methods: To isolate sufficient numbers of CD14+ TAMs and CD3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for functional assays, 10 malignant effusions were obtained from breast cancer patients and peripheral blood was obtained from 8 healthy controls. Levels of up to 22 cytokines in the effusions and the blood were determined by Luminex cytokine assay. CD14+ TAMs and CD3+ TILs were magnetically sorted, and functional mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays were performed. Quantitation of STAT3 and tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) were determined by immunoblotting. RNA expression analysis of TILs and healthy donor CD3+ cells was performed using Affymetrix U133 microarrays. Results: Malignant effusions from breast cancer patients have high levels of IL-6 (mean 3188 pg/ml; range 966-5235), compared with serum from healthy donors (mean 88 pg/ml; p&lt;0.0001). TAMs isolated from malignant effusions, but not peripheral blood, poorly stimulated healthy T cells in MLR, and showed increased expression of pSTAT3 and total STAT3 on immunoblot. A 30 minute exposure to a malignant effusion containing high levels of IL-6 markedly induced STAT3 activation in healthy donor CD14+ monocytes. Compared with CD3 cells from healthy donors (n=3), RNA microarray analysis of CD3+ TILs (n=3) showed downregulation in TCR signalling (Zap70, fyn, PI3K), NK/CTLs (CD160, KLRF1), and chemokines for T cell trafficking (CXCR4). Immunosuppressive factors (IL10, PDIA4, IL13R, STAT1, and VEGF) were upregulated (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: High levels of IL-6 in breast cancer malignant effusions are associated with both antigen presenting cell and T cell dysfunction. Inhibition of STAT3 is a potential target to enhance immune activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1906.
Autoregulation of actin synthesis responds to monomeric actin levels (1997)

Regulation of the assembly and expression of actin is of major importance in diverse cellular functions such as motility and adhesion and in defining cellular and tissue architecture. These biological processes are controlled by changing the balance between polymerized (F) and soluble (G) actin. Previous studies have indicated the existence of an autoregulatory pathway that links the state of assembly and expression of actin, resulting in the reduction of actin synthesis after actin filaments are depolymerized. We have employed the marine toxins swinholide A and latrunculin A, both disrupting the organization of the actin-cytoskeleton, to determine whether this autoregulatory response is activated by a decrease in the level of polymerized actin or by an increase in monomeric actin concentrations in the cell. We showed that in cells treated with swinholide A the level of filamentous actin is decreased, and using a reversible cross-linking reagent, we found that actin dimers are formed. Latrunculin A also disassembled actin filaments, but produced monomeric actin, followed by a reduction in actin and vinculin expression, while swinholide A treatment elevated the synthesis of these proteins. In cells treated with both latrunculin A and swinholide A, dimeric actin was formed, and actin and vinculin synthesis were higher than in control cells. These results suggest that the substrate that confers an autoregulated reduction in actin expression is monomeric actin, and when its level is decreased by dimeric actin formation, actin synthesis is increased.
Large phase-stepping approach for high-resolution hard X-ray grating-based multiple-information imaging (2010)

High-resolution hard X-ray grating-based imaging method with conventional X-ray sources provides attenuation, refraction and scattering information synchronously, and it is regarded as the next-generation X-ray imaging technology for medical and industrial applications. In this letter, a large phase-stepping approach with at least one order of magnitude lower resolution of the movement is presented to equivalently substitute the current high-positioning-resolution phase-stepping approach. Both the theoretical deduction and actual experiment prove that the new approach is available to relax the requirement of high positioning resolution and strict circumstances so as to benefit the future commercial applications of the grating-based multiple-information imaging technology.
Databases in automated process control (2002)

This report describes practical experiences in building systems for manufacturing and robotics. Transporting plants are a typical example for the integration of database systems and real-time systems. This is due to the fact that general administration, workflow control as well as physical movements of conveyor systems have to be coordinated. In practice, plant engineers were forced to develop pragmatic but working concepts to bring real-time issues and database principles under a single roof. The most common approach is based on a hierarchical network of two different types of computers-administration computers and control computers-to handle database services or real-time services, respectively. In such a setting, recovery for real-time computers can be achieved by means of downloading the relevant data from a database-supported administration computer. Overall integrity requires communication supported by database services. Here, we treat the necessary transaction processing framework.
Degradation Type Classifier for Full Band Speech Contaminated With Echo, Broadband Noise, and Reverberation (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of identifying impairment types that might be present in a speech signal. In particular, three acoustically induced degradation types that occur in teleconference systems are considered: acoustic echo, reverberation, and broadband noise, as well as combinations among them. The proposed system is double-ended (full reference) and is developed using a database of degraded full-band speech signals created according to a model for teleconference systems. A set of features obtained from both the degraded and non-degraded signals is proposed and shown to adequately capture information associated with each degradation type. A random forest classifier and a support vector machine are successfully employed, achieving a classification error below 2%. Such classifiers can be used to select an appropriate quality assessment tool for a given degraded signal.
A Data Augmentation Methodology to Improve Age Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Recent advances in deep learning methodologies are enabling the construction of more accurate classifiers. However, existing labeled face datasets are limited in size, which prevents CNN models from reaching their full generalization capabilities. A variety of techniques to generate new training samples based on data augmentation have been proposed, but the great majority is limited to very simple transformations. The approach proposed in this paper takes into account intrinsic information about human faces in order to generate an augmented dataset that is used to train a CNN, by creating photo-realistic smooth face variations based on Active Appearance Models optimized for human faces. An experimental evaluation taking CNN models trained with original and augmented versions of the MORPH face dataset allowed an increase of 10% in the F-Score and yielded Receiver Operating Characteristic curves that outperformed state-of-the-art work in the literature.
Nanocellulose electroconductive composites (2013)

Cellulose-based electroconductive composites can be prepared by combining conducting electroactive materials with hydrophilic biocompatible cellulose. Inorganic nanoparticles, such as metal ions and oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, conducting polymers, and ionic liquids (through doping, blending or coating) can be introduced into the cellulose matrix. Such composites can form a biocompatible interface for microelectronic devices, and provide a biocompatible matrix or scaffold for electrically stimulated drug release devices, implantable biosensors, and neuronal prostheses. Here the benefits of combining conventional and bacterial cellulose with these electroactive composites are described and future applications are considered.
Application of Trusted Boundary Based on Port Trust Value in Campus Area Network (2010)

In this paper, the technology of trusted boundary based on port trust value is discussed. When IP phones are connected to the existing switch-based campus area network, PC is connected to the access port of IP phone. To avoid IP phone is disconnected from the network and PC is directly into the switch port, trusted boundary based on port trust value is applied. In an IP PBX, trusted mode or untrusted mode are supported by IP phone, which is trusted and untrusted. The final run-time port trust on any port is dependent on five decisive factors: Quality of Service, Common Open Policy Service, trust-device type, Cisco Discovery Protocol and phone's presence on the port. In a typical campus area network with IP phones, trusted boundary based on port trust value is configured. Trusted boundary can ensure the security of the port to which IP phone is connected.
Prevalence and risk factors of heart failure in the USA: NHANES 2013 – 2014 epidemiological follow-up study (2017)

<b>Background</b>: Heart Failure (HF) is a progressive epidemic associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Self-reported data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides a unique representation of individuals suffering from HF. The purpose of this study is to analyze updated NHANES 2013-2014 data to identify any changes in the prevalence and current risk factors of HF, especially given the novel lifestyles and increased medical awareness of current generations. <b>Methods:</b> NHANES uses a multistage probability sampling design under the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Student's t-test and Chi-square test/ Fisher's exact test was used for analysis of variables. A multiple logistic regression model was used to identify statistically significant risk factors for HF. Analyses were performed with the use of SAS software, version 9.4. <b>Results:</b> Based on our analysis, the primary risk factor was coronary artery disease followed by hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age ≥ 65 years, and obesity. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings revealed that despite improved population awareness and advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics, the same risk factors continue to persist. This provided an insight into the path towards which our resources need to be directed, so as to effectively tackle the aforementioned risk factors.
Under pressure (2014)

Recognizing when computer users are stressed can help reduce their frustration and prevent a large variety of negative health conditions associated with chronic stress. However, measuring stress non-invasively and continuously at work remains an open challenge. This work explores the possibility of using a pressure-sensitive keyboard and a capacitive mouse to discriminate between stressful and relaxed conditions in a laboratory study. During a 30 minute session, 24 participants performed several computerized tasks consisting of expressive writing, text transcription, and mouse clicking. During the stressful conditions, the large majority of the participants showed significantly increased typing pressure (>79% of the participants) and more contact with the surface of the mouse (75% of the participants). We discuss the potential implications of this work and provide recommendations for future work.
Windows 7 All-in-One For Dummies (2009)

Ten minibooks in one get you thoroughly caught up on Windows 8.1! With new improvements and changes, Windows 8.1 offers a refreshed user interface, better integration between the new and traditional Windows interfaces, and more. This updated top-selling guide is what you need to get up to speed on everything Windows 8.1. Nine minibooks in one cover such essential topics as navigating the new Start Screen, understanding Windows 8.1 apps, securing Windows 8.1, and much more. Take the guesswork out of Windows 8.1 from day one with this complete, all-in-one resource. Helps you get up to speed on
Active set vs. interior point strategies for model predictive control (2000)

We consider a comparison of active set vs. interior point strategies for the solution of receding time horizon problems in nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). For this study we consider a control algorithm where we form quadratic programs (QPs) in each time horizon by linearizing the model. We also ignore second order information on the model and constraints. This approach can be viewed as a direct nonlinear extension of MPC with linear models and is easily tailored to include stabilizing constraints. Using this framework we consider the application of three active set strategies as well as interior point methods applied to both the NMPC and the QP subproblem. The first two active set methods (QPOPT and and QKWIK) are general purpose solvers that have been incorporated into SQP algorithms previously, while the third is a Schur complement approach that can easily exploit the sparse structure of the KKT matrix in MPC.
Nanosecond transient electroluminescence from polymer light-emitting diodes (1992)

The transient electroluminescence from polymer light-emitting diodes is reported. When the devices are mounted on a microstrip transmission line, the temporal response is limited by the electrode geometry, with rise and fall times below 50 ns. With low duty-cycle pulses (0.5%) the electroluminescence intensity remains proportional to the current at values up to 10 A/cm2, two orders of magnitude greater than possible under direct current operation. Since the spectral blue-shift observed at high current levels (with power dissipation above 1 W/cm2) indicates significant sample heating, still higher levels should be possible with proper thermal management.
Diarylethene materials for photon mode optical storage (2002)

Photon-mode recording of photochromic materials is regarded as a promising storage system, which has various advantages over the traditional heat-mode recording in terms of its data capacity and data-recording rate. Diarylethenes show good thermal stability and remarkable fatigue resistance, and these properties are indispensable for the applications to optical storage materials. In present work, several diarylethene compounds were synthesized, and a series of optical storage tests were carried out on the sample discs with diarylethenes as the recording materials. The recording based on these photochromic materials was photon-type,and the recorded regions appeared as faded dots. 780, 650 and 532 nm lasers were used for writing on the corresponding discs, and the recorded information were readout by the same lasers respectively. A two-wavelength optical storage was realized on a mixed diarylethene recording layer by two laser beams of 532 nm and 650 nm synchronously. A higher data capacity can thus be expected to reach by using a multi-wavelength optical storage like that. Although the diarylethenes satisfy the minimum demands of optical storage systems, these molecules have one unsolved drawback: the lack of a non-destructive capability. In this work, Electric-locked properties were investigated in a BT3FP-OH thin film; the electric trigger could prevent the photochromic reactions, which provided a practicable non-destructive readout method. Three kinds of diarylethene derivatives linked by solvatochromic dye units wer fabricated; the theoretical investigation showed that reading at the wavelength of about 650-750 nm would destroy the recorded information no longer. Thus a non-destructive method could be constructed on these diarylethene molecules.
Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Use for Spasticity (2000)

CIBI is an effective treatment for severe spasticity, with dramatic quality-of-life improvements and a small number of significant complications. Long-term benefits and complications need to be monitored in this complex population.
Reduction and Reactivation of the Bowman-Birk Soybean Inhibitor (1973)

Experimental conditions were established whereby it was possible to control the extent of reduction of the disulfide bonds of the Bowman-Birk soybean inhibitor (BBI) with sodium borohydride. Losses in the antitryptic and antichymotryptic activities of BBI were directly dependent on the average number of disulfide bonds which had been reduced. Both activities were completely lost upon the reduction of an average of four out of the seven disulfide bonds of BBI. Disc gel electrophoresis of partially reduced, carboxymethylated preparations of BBI revealed a complex mixture of the native and fully reduced protein as well as partially reduced intermediates present in varying proportions depending on the state of reduction. It was possible to regenerate the activity of a solution of fully reduced BBI by dilution with a disulfide–thiol redox buffer similar to that which had been employed by Saxena and Wetlaufer (Biochemistry, 9, 5015, 1970) for the reactivation of reduced lysozyme. It was concluded that BBI probably has four reducible disulfide bonds which are essential for inhibitory activity against trypsin as well as chymotrypsin.