gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule JNK (c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase) Inhibitors (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTSmall Molecule JNK (c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase) InhibitorsM. Arshad Siddiqui* and Panduranga A. ReddyView Author Information Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 617-499-3550. Fax: 617-499-3535. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 8, 3005–3012Publication Date (Web):February 10, 2010Publication History Received16 March 2009Published online10 February 2010Published inissue 22 April 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9003279https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9003279review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4016Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibitors,Nervous system diseases,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models,Small molecules Get e-Alerts
End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition Integrated With CTC-Based Voice Activity Detection (2020)

This paper integrates a voice activity detection (VAD) function with end-to-end automatic speech recognition toward an online speech interface and transcribing very long audio recordings. We focus on connectionist temporal classification (CTC) and its extension of CTC/attention architectures. As opposed to an attention-based architecture, input-synchronous label prediction can be performed based on a greedy search with the CTC (pre-)softmax output. This prediction includes consecutive long blank labels, which can be regarded as a non-speech region. We use the labels as a cue for detecting speech segments with simple thresholding. The threshold value is directly related to the length of a non-speech region, which is more intuitive and easier to control than conventional VAD hyperparameters. Experimental results on unsegmented data show that the proposed method outperformed the baseline methods using the conventional energy-based and neural-network-based VAD methods and achieved an RTF less than 0.2. The proposed method is publicly available.
Polymerization of 2,2-dimethyloxacyclobutane (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of 2,2-dimethyloxacyclobutaneJoergen Kops and Hans SpanggaardCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 5, 1225–1231Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00233a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00233a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NMR Determination of the Relative Binding Affinity of Crown Ethers for Manganese Cations in Aprotic Nonaqueous Lithium Electrolyte Solutions (2016)

Polymeric chelating agents placed in the interelectrode space of a Li-ion battery (LIB) have been suggested as a means of sequestering Mn cations dissolved from positive electrodes of LIBs to prevent their migration to, and deposition onto, negative electrodes and thus mitigate the associated degradation of LIB performance and life. In order to select the most effective chelating agent and optimize its polymeric form, it is desirable to determine the binding affinity of various chelating agents for manganese cations. The present study evaluates the relative binding affinity of crown ethers for manganese cations in a lithium-containing environment through the detection of the 7Li nucleus chemical shift. Results are presented for the relative binding affinities of 15-crown-5 and 1-aza-15-crown-5 ethers for Mn2+ and Mn3+. Significant differences in relative binding affinity were discovered with particular crown ether–manganese oxidation state combinations. Additionally, a substantial decrease in binding affinity was observed for the polymeric crown ether relative to its molecular form. These results indicate that the NMR titration technique is a useful screening tool, which will inform and assist the development of more effective manganese cations trapping materials. Quantification of the Mn trapping efficiency will permit the screening of trapping groups at the molecular level (before attachment to a polymer), as well optimization of their polymeric forms (type of backbone, morphology, length of linker, amount of cross-linking, etc.). The methodology developed in the present work will therefore accelerate the development of the Mn trapping technology.
Single-shot depth-section imaging through chromatic slit-scan confocal microscopy (1998)

A chromatic confocal microscope constructed with a white-light source in combination with a diffractive lens provides wavelength-to-depth coding for profile measurements of a three-dimensional sample. We acquired depth-section images nonmechanically and in parallel by incorporating a slit-scan confocal technique into the system. A system using a 100x objective obtained a depth resolution of 0.023 mum comparable with surface profilometers that operate using conventional confocal microscopy. Experimental measurements of a four-phase-level diffractive element and of a machined, metal bearing are presented.
Discretization error in MOSFET device simulation (1992)

The discretization error in MOSFET device simulation caused by a coarse grid is discussed. Delaunay and Voronoi discretization grids are used to demonstrate the discretization error. It is possible to clarify the discretization error by using these geometrically complementary grids. An error caused by a coarse grid in the subthreshold region originates from an inaccurate rectangular integral of the carrier density. For the Delaunay grid, the calculated inversion carrier density for a coarse grid is overestimated. In contrast, for the Voronoi grid, the inversion carrier density is underestimated. The equations for estimating the error in the subthreshold region are proposed. In the strong inversion region, the error for the Delaunay grid is smaller than the error in the subthreshold region. On the other hand, for the Voronoi grid, the error is large, even in the strong inversion region. The error for the Voronoi grid in the strong inversion region is caused by a quasi-capacitance originating from discretization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diseño óptimo de experimentos para la ecuación de Tait y medidas pVT (2009)

La correcta caracterizacion de los efectos de las variaciones en la presion, volumen
y temperatura de gases densos, lquidos y solidos resulta de gran importancia tanto en
calculos termodinamicos, como en el dise~no de procesos industriales.
La ecuacion emprica desarrollada por Tait relaciona los datos pVT. Entre las diferentes
modicaciones que se pueden encontrar en la literatura, se ha incluido la dependencia
con la temperatura de los parametros. La realizacion de los experimentos para el posterior
ajuste y obtencion de los parametros de la ecuacion tiene importantes restricciones
economicas y de tiempo.
Se han calculado dise~nos D-optimos que permitan minimizar la varianza de las estimaciones
de los parametros de la ecuacion de Tait. Para ello se ha empleado una modicacion
del algoritmo multiplicativo basado en la transformacion de los puntos del dise~no de un
intervalo nito en proporciones del intervalo.
On Distributed Averaging Algorithms and Quantization Effects (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We consider distributed iterative algorithms for the averaging problem over time-varying topologies. Our focus is on the convergence time of such algorithms when complete (unquantized) information is available, and on the degradation of performance when only quantized information is available. We study a large and natural class of averaging algorithms, which includes the vast majority of algorithms proposed to date, and provide tight polynomial bounds on their convergence time. We also describe an algorithm within this class whose convergence time is the best among currently available averaging algorithms for time-varying topologies. We then propose and analyze distributed averaging algorithms under the additional constraint that agents can only store and communicate quantized information, so that they can only converge to the average of the initial values of the agents within some error. We establish bounds on the error and tight bounds on the convergence time, as a function of the number of quantization levels. </para>
Electrophysiological and Antiarrhythmic Effects of the Atrial Selective 5-HT <sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonist RS-100302 in Experimental Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation (1999)

The electrophysiological profile of RS-100302 suggests that it may have atrial antiarrhythmic potential without producing ventricular proarrhythmic effects.
Interaction between Comorbidity and Cancer (2007)

In addition to focusing on the influence of cancer treatment on comorbidity or on the effect of comorbidity in delivering cancer treatment, future endeavors will need to consider the direct impact of comorbidity on the risk and the behavior of the cancer in elderly patients.
[Calcium metabolism study performed by means of Ca-45 in bone diseases and idiopathic hypercalciuria]. (1980)

The authors analyse the results obtained during 54 radioisotope investigations using 45Ca in 13 cases of idiopathic hypercalciuria, 12 cases of osteoporosis, 3 cases of Paget's disease, and 2 cases of osteomalacia including one of Fanconi's disease in an adult. In 12 patients, repetition of the radio-isotope test two, three or four times; permitted the authors to study the effects of the treatments administered: calcitonin, phosphate, vitamin D, parathormon, oestrogen. Calcitonin increases intestinal absorption and reduces bone reabsorption and also accretion. Phosphate greatly increases accretion and bone reabsorption in vitamin-resistant osteomalacia of adults. The synthetic fragment 1--34 of human parathormone increases accretion and reabsorption but does not modify the calcium balance. The addition of estrogen reduces reabsorption and slightly increases accretion in two osteoporotic patients producing a positive calcium balance. This method of investigation is of great interest to assess the effects of a drug on calcium metabolism and on the two processes of bone remodelling.
On the size requirement for finite phased-array models (2002)

The question considered is how large an array model must be in order to capture approximately the characteristics of both the interior and the edge elements of a large multi-octave phased array. Arrays with tapered slot elements and with top-loaded dipoles are analyzed at element spacings as small as 0.1/spl lambda/ and it is concluded that at any frequency, a finite array model with this type of element should be at least 5/spl lambda//spl times/5/spl lambda/ in size. This suggests the generalization of the 10/spl times/10 element model often used as an engineering "rule of thumb" in the normal narrow-band case with 0.5/spl lambda/ element spacing. An array model with a 5:1 bandwidth thus needs about 25 times more elements than a narrow-band model. The array feed impedance is considered and it is found that the array active reflection coefficient in finite arrays but not in infinite arrays is dependent on the matching condition at the feed. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is used to analyze arrays up to 49/spl times/49 elements, demonstrating that computer power now makes feasible the full wave solution for large phased arrays with complex geometry.
Strategies for Large-Scale Protein Purification (1990)

The development of economical processes for purifying proteins from recombinant sources requires the integration of many isolation and purification methods as well as healthy cross-exchange among molecular biology, fermentation, purification and analytical groups. With regards to purification, two schools of thought seem to have emerged. One approach is to start with a highly specific method early on to achieve the required purification in a single step. While aesthetically appealing, in practice this approach lacks a truly high resolution method that is also economical and scalable. The second approach utilizes a cascade of conventional methods to achieve the required protein purity. Here, what methods to use and in what order represent a major task in the process development effort. Based on the author's industrial experience and process information from the literature, some general guidelines for developing optimal purification processes could be established. Examples showing the applicability of this approach will be discussed.
Synthetically Useful Desulfurisation Reactions of Heteroaryl Sulfoxide Conjugate Adducts (2000)

Efficient desulfurisation reactions of the conjugate addition products derived from 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl and 2-pyridyl sulfoxides have been achieved. Hydrodesulfurisation was effected either by reduction of the sulfoxides to sulfides, followed by treatment with Raney nickel, or more reliably by reaction of either the sulfides or the sulfoxides with nickel boride. Pyrolytic elimination furnished alkenes stereoselectively on heating the sulfoxides to reflux in toluene or chloroform.
GaAs integrated circuits (1988)

Material for GaAs integrated circuits digital integrated circuit design digital integrated circuit technologies monolithic microwave integrated circuit design monolithic microwave integrated circuit technologies GaAs sampled analogue integrated circuits heterojunction integrated circuits applications of GaAs integrated circuits.
Strategy of acne therapy with long-term antibiotics (1989)

A study of the outcome of conventional antibiotic treatment in 543 patients with acne was performed. All were treated initially with erythromycin 1 g/day and topical 5% benzoyl peroxide. The median improvement at 6 months was 78%, with an interquartile range of 67-90%. Four-hundred and eight of the 492 who completed 6 months' treatment showed over 50% improvement and 247 of the 279 patients treated for a subsequent 6 months with benzoyl peroxide alone, continued to do well. Another subgroup of 174 patients, was continued for 6 months with systemic antibiotic and 5% benozyl peroxide. No significant benefit was gained, however, by maintaining successfully treated patients on a further 6 months of systemic antibiotics. Of the 84 patients who did less well, 18 were given alternative treatment (Diane, isotretinoin). The other 60, subsequently referred to as slow responders, were continued on antibiotics (erythromycin, 31; minocin, 29; cotrimoxazole, 4; trimethoprim, 2) and benzoyl peroxide. Those prescribed minocycline for the second 6 months appeared to have greater benefit (64%) than those receiving erythromycin (57%). This level of improvement was still lower than that seen in those who responded well within 6 months (78%). Of the risk factors analysed, the poorest response occurred in males with truncal acne. Age at presentation, duration and severity did not adversely affect therapeutic outcome. Side-effects were minimal.
Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to frogeye leaf spot of soya bean in ‘Peking’ (2001)

Abstract Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) techniques were used to map the _RGSp eking gene, which is resistant to most isolates of Cercospora sojina in the soya bean cultivar ‘Peking’. The mapping was conducted using a defined F 2 population derived from the cross of ‘Peking’(resistant) ×‘Lee’(susceptible). Of 64 Eco RI and MseI primer combinations, 30 produced polymorphisms between the two parents. The F 2 population, consisting of 116 individuals, was screened with the 30 AFLP primer pairs and three mapped SSR markers to detect markers possibly linked to Rcs Peking . One AFLP marker amplified by primer pair E‐AAC/M‐CTA and one SSR marker Satt244 were identified to be linked to Res Peking . The gene was located within a 2.1‐cM interval between markers AACCTA178 and Satt244, 1.1 cM from Satt244 and 1.0 cM from AACCTA178. Since the SSR markers Satt244 and Satt431 have been mapped to molecular linkage group (LG) J of soya bean, the Res Peking resistance gene was putatively located on the LG J. This will provide soya bean breeders an opportunity to use these markers for marker‐assisted selection for frogeye leaf spot resistance in soya bean.
Soluble immune complexes binding to human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (1981)

Soluble human serum albumin anti-albumin immune complexes (IC) have been shown to bind to freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in vitro. Binding sites on both cell types were saturable and specifically inhibited by heat aggregated IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. PMN contained a greater number of binding sites than monocytes although the affinity was similar for both cell types. The enhanced binding of IC by both cell types observed after incubation at low pH (pH 6.0) was a consequence of increased affinity of the PMN binding site and an increase in the number of sites in monocytes. Binding of IC by both cell types was inhibited by normal human serum. Enhanced IC binding associated with enhanced affinity and number of sites was observed in PMN and monocytes preincubated in suspension with trypsin. However, monocytes exposed to trypsin while adherent to microexudate coated flasks demonstrated a marked increase in affinity without any change in the number of sites.
Two‐Dimensional Array Processor AAP2 and Its Programming Language (1989)

Abstract An SIMD cellular array processor “AAP2” and its programming language AAPL have been developed. This array processor is packed into as little as 0.2 m volume in spite of its massive processor array being composed of 256 × 256 single‐bit processing elements [PEs], each of which has 8‐kbit local memory. The compact size is due to the simple and regular array structure for dense packing and a custom CMOS LSI with 8 × 8 PEs developed for the processor array. The massive processor array offers outstanding operation power together with the following functions: (1) modified SIMD control which is able to select a different operation function or different direction of inter‐PE transfer in each PE; (2) propagation transfer operation capable of propagating data through 15 PEs within one clock cycle (330 ns). The AAPL enables a simple and efficient program to be designed due to its APL‐like scanning statements and its primitive operation statements for unique AAP functions. The high performance of the AAP2 has been shown to be equivalent in simulation capability to the very high‐speed hardware logic simul.ator or routing capability of over 1000 MIPS in the automatic chip layout design.
Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses (2019)

Laboratory mouse studies are paramount for understanding basic biological phenomena but also have limitations. These include conflicting results caused by divergent microbiota and limited translational research value. To address both shortcomings, we transferred C57BL/6 embryos into wild mice, creating "wildlings." These mice have a natural microbiota and pathogens at all body sites and the tractable genetics of C57BL/6 mice. The bacterial microbiome, mycobiome, and virome of wildlings affect the immune landscape of multiple organs. Their gut microbiota outcompete laboratory microbiota and demonstrate resilience to environmental challenges. Wildlings, but not conventional laboratory mice, phenocopied human immune responses in two preclinical studies. A combined natural microbiota- and pathogen-based model may enhance the reproducibility of biomedical studies and increase the bench-to-bedside safety and success of immunological studies.
Low-drift modulator without feedback (1992)

A low-drift amplitude modulator has been demonstrated using a fiber Sagnac interferometer with a lithium-niobate phase modulator. Although the fiber-loop length must be adjusted for the modulation rate, this type of modulator structure is inherently insensitive to variations in the voltage bias of the drive signal, as well as to temperature variations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boundary-layer ion density profiles as measured by electrostatic probes. (1967)

Ion-density profiles in boundary layers associated with supersonic flow of shock-heated air over a flat plate have been measured by cylindrical and flush-mounted electrostatic probes. A method of cylindrical-probe data interpretation presented accounts for the effects of a plasma drift velocity. An appropriate method for flush-probe interpretation also is given. The experiments were carried out in a pressure-driven shock tube at 0.1 torr initial shock tube pressure, and ranged over five orders of magnitude in freestream charge density from 10 ions/ cm to 10 ions/cm. The experimental profiles were compared to theoretical profiles derived on the basis of a zero-order boundary-layer theory, assuming frozen flow. Good agreement with the zero-order theory is obtained below 10 ions/cm. Above 10 ions/cm^ experimental evidence indicates that the boundary layer begins to depart from the theoretical assumption of frozen flow.
Assisted Breast Cancer Diagnosis Environment: A Tool for DICOM mammographic images analysis (2009)

The paper presents a first implementation of a novel tool to assist radiologists in analyzing screening mammographic images. The software named Assisted Breast Cancer Diagnosis Environment (ABCDE) is able to acquire DICOM images (also in presence of Grayscale Softcopy Presentation State). It is designed to assist the doctor, as a second reader, during the various phases of the diagnosis. The program uses some public libraries and implements many new algorithms developed in the last years by the research group.