gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Communication status analysis method (1993)

Abstract To eliminate the effect to the line in the transfer of the optical fiber cable when the line is not used, i.e., when the communication is not conducted. To achieve the transfer during the noncommunication state, there must be a system that can discriminate the communication status of the line. To realize such a system, a principle must be established for discrimination as well as a design based on the characteristics of the transmission equipment. This paper discusses the method of discriminating the communication and noncommunication status, using the most general coded mark inversion (CMI) code as the code to be propagated in the optical subscriber line. First, properties of the code that are generated in the communication and noncommunication states are discussed. It is shown to be most effective to use the ratio of the average powers of the line spectrum at 1/ T Hz and the signal light as the discrimination data, where T [s] is the period of the transmitted information. Then the design method is shown based on the actual transmission equipment. Finally, the result of evaluation is presented for the experimentally constructed communication/noncommunication discrimination equipment. It is shown that the correct discrimination is achieved down to the minimum ‐41 dBm of the average signal optical power, propagating in the optical fiber; and the proposed method is well applied to the actual transmission equipment.
Interactions Between Anticollagen Antibodies and Chondrocytes (1992)

These results suggest that collagen autoantibodies may exert some of their pathogenic effects on cartilage through interactions with resident chondrocytes, leading to modulation of the rate of secretion of cartilage matrix-degrading enzymes.
Structure and properties of molded polyblends containing liquid crystalline polymers (1991)

Abstract The relationship between the microstructure developed during injection molding of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) containing blends and their mechanical properties, was studied. A wholly aromatic copolyester LCP was melt blended in various levels with polycarbonate (PC), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), Nylon 6 (N‐6), and amorphous nylon (AN). In all cases the LCP was the minor component. The resulting injection molded structure had a distinct skin core morphology, where elongated fibrous LCP particles comprised the skin layer and spherical and ellipsoidal ones composed the core section. The highest elongation and the finest diameter LCP fibrils were obtained with AN/LCP system, followed by PC/LCP. PBT/LCP blends showed a coarser morphology, while N‐6/LCP system did not correlate with the tensile moduli of the injection molded specimens. AN/LCP blends demonstrated the highest moduli values, consistent with the highest orientations observed using electron microscopy, followed by PC/LCP, PBT/LCP, and N‐6/LCP. Finally, tensile strength levels were correlated with both orientation levels and interfacial adhesion between the polyblend components. AN/LCP that exhibited the highest orientation and good adhesion appearance gave the highest tensile strength values followed by PC/LCP, PBT/LCP, and N‐6/LCP polyblends.
Raman amplifiers for broadband communications (2002)

Summary form only given. Summary form only given. The spectral response of Raman amplification, being a nonresonant process, is dependent only on the pump(s) frequency and bandwidth. The Raman amplification is frequency shifted by 13.2 THz and has a 3-dB bandwidth of approximately 25 nm in the 1550-nm window. By the proper choice of pump wavelength one can exactly position the Raman spectral shape to control the gain position and/or complement erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) gain. A hybrid erbium/Raman amplifier has recently been demonstrated having a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 67 nm, from 1549-1600 nm.
Diet Drives Convergence in Gut Microbiome Functions Across Mammalian Phylogeny and Within Humans (2011)

Coevolution of mammals and their gut microbiota has profoundly affected their radiation into myriad habitats. We used shotgun sequencing of microbial community DNA and targeted sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes to gain an understanding of how microbial communities adapt to extremes of diet. We sampled fecal DNA from 33 mammalian species and 18 humans who kept detailed diet records, and we found that the adaptation of the microbiota to diet is similar across different mammalian lineages. Functional repertoires of microbiome genes, such as those encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteases, can be predicted from bacterial species assemblages. These results illustrate the value of characterizing vertebrate gut microbiomes to understand host evolutionary histories at a supraorganismal level.
Requirements for a Handover Information Service (2006)

Handover Information Services may be used to assist handovers between
one network to another network or within a network, based on stored
network knowledge. Information Services can be used to provide
essential network related information e.g. topology and channel
information which may allow a moving host to select an appropriate
link-layer connection to make, amongst available networks, whether
using the same technology or heterogeneous technologies. This
document is an effort to describe use cases and transport requirements
for handover information services, when they are transported over IP
networks.
Phospholipase D activity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Corynebacterium ovis) and Corynebacterium ulcerans, a distinctive marker within the genus Corynebacterium (1981)

A search has been made for corynebacterial phospholipase D, "ovis toxin," a sphingomyelinase (phosphatidylcholine phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4), among a wide variety of corynebacteria. Phospholipase D activity has been found in strains exhibiting the biochemical properties characteristic of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis or of Corynebacterium ulcerans and in no other species of Corynebacterium. Methods for the assay of phospholipase D as a sphingomyelinase and methods for screening for phospholipase D in the presence of Corynebacterium equi on washed sheep blood agar are discussed.
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (stromelysin-1). Identification as the cartilage acid metalloprotease and effect of pH on catalytic properties and calcium affinity. (1993)

Human pro-MMP-3 (pro-matrix metalloproteinase-3) was purified from three sources: articular cartilage and conditioned media from synovial fibroblasts and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing recombinant pro-MMP-3. All three preparations reacted with two monoclonal antibodies specific for human fibroblast pro-MMP-3. Each preparation of active MMP-3 possessed properties identical to those previously reported for the cartilage acid metalloproteinase (MMP-6; Azzo and Woessner, J. F., Jr. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 5434-5441): an acid pH optimum of 5.3-5.5 for digestion of cartilage aggrecan; digestion of oxidized insulin B-chain at Ala14-Leu15 and Tyr16-Leu17 in a ratio of 3:1; and heat stability at neutral pH. Further characterization of MMP-3 establishes that the acid pH optimum for cartilage aggrecan is not due to substrate denaturation since the same optimum is found by viscosity assay, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay of G1 domain, and by digestion of aggrecan in fresh cartilage fragments in vitro. Fibronectin was also digested optimally at pH 5.5 and NH2-terminal sequence analysis revealed no pH change in a major proteolytic site of cleavage at the Pro689-Leu690 bond. The specificity constant kcat/Km is maximal at pH 5.5 as determined in a quenched fluorescence peptide assay. This is due to an increase in kcat at pH 5.5 without any substantial effect on Km. The affinity of MMP-3 for calcium is decreased about 10-fold at pH 5.3 compared to neutral pH. Finally, the neutral cartilage metalloproteinase is identified as 72-kDa pro-MMP-2 based on M(r), specificity of insulin B-chain cleavage, and reactivity with a specific polyclonal antibody to human MMP-2.
Beyond-one-cycle loop delay CT &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulators with proper rational NTF synthesis and time-interleaved quantizers (2013)

Currently, less-than-one-cycle loop delay is the key factor to impede higher clock rate and wide bandwidth continuous-time oversampling modulators. In this paper, a new method to develop a beyond-one-cycle delay CTDSM based on the proper rational NTF synthesis is proposed without an extra fast path . Also, further loop delay extending will be implemented by a fully s-domain deviation. Compared with the traditional impulse invariant way in DT-CT mapping, this new method shows a much simpler work. In the end, the paper discusses time-interleaved implementations in the proposed beyond-one-cycle delay modulators, including offset, gain and sampling time error mismatches between channels.
Nuclear magnetic resonance contrast enhancement study of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and a human volunteer using nontoxic oral iron solutions. (1983)

Two dilute oral iron solutions, made from commonly available nonprescription dietary supplements, were found to enhance the gastrointestinal tract in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of live rats and one human volunteer. The paramagnetic and pharmacologic properties of ferric ammonium citrate were more favorable than those of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The paramagnetic iron solutions shorten T1 and T2 relaxation times of water protons in the contrast media-filled gastrointestinal tract, producing easily observable change in NMR intensity. Because these iron solutions are available commercially and are known to be well tolerated, the clinical use of iron-containing NMR contrast agents for the gastrointestinal tract is feasible.
Towards Dynamic Representation of Rich Internet Applications through Web Service Invocation (2009)

Web services are software components that allow the communication between applications in order to get the application integration. Commonly, the information exchanged through Web services invocation is XML data which need to be interpreted to understand the content. In a Web service invocation, the developments of interfaces are required to interpret both the request and the response, but is more important interpret this data with multimedia elements. To solve this problem, rich Internet applications (RIA) are used allowing multimedia content to give a better look and feel to Web applications. The development of a RIA is mandatory to allow integration with a Web Service to improve the user experience and optimizes the functionality of the Web applications. In this work, a proposal for Web service invocation using a RIA for its dynamic representation was developed. The RIA is based on Windows presentation foundation and C# language as source code behind. Finally, a case of study showing the functionality of our proposal is described.
Vertebrate DM domain proteins bind similar DNA sequences and can heterodimerize on DNA (2007)

Our results suggest that target gene specificity of the DMRT proteins does not derive exclusively from major differences in DNA binding specificity. Instead target specificity may come from more subtle differences in DNA binding preference between different homodimers, together with differences in binding specificity between homodimers versus heterodimers.
A Role for Thrombopoietin in Hemangioblast Development (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) act as growth factors for the hemangioblast, an embryonic progenitor of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. Because thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor, c-Mpl, regulate primitive hematopoietic populations, including bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, we investigated whether TPO acts on the hemangioblasts that derive from differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis detected expression of c-Mpl beginning on day 3 of embryoid body differentiation when the hemangioblast first arises. In assays of the hemangioblast colony-forming cell (BL-CFC), TPO alone supported BL-CFC formation and nearly doubled the number of BL-CFC when added together with VEGF and SCF. When replated under the appropriate conditions, TPO-stimulated BL-CFC gave rise to secondary hematopoietic colonies, as well as endothelial cells, confirming their nature as hemangioblasts. Addition of a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody did not block TPO enhancement of BL-CFC formation, suggesting that TPO acts independently of VEGF. These results establish that Mpl signaling plays a role in the earliest stages of hematopoietic development and that TPO represents a third growth factor influencing hemangioblast formation.
Improving GNSS-R Sea Surface Altimetry Precision Based on the Novel Dual Circularly Polarized Phased Array Antenna Model (2021)

Antenna is one of the key payloads of the GNSS-R system, and the gain is an important performance parameter. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal can be improved by increasing the gain of the GNSS-R antenna, therefore the measurement accuracy is improved. However, the antenna gain and its beam width, these two performance parameters, are contradictory. If the gain of the antenna is increased, its beam width will inevitably become narrower. This narrowed beam width will affect the width of the survey strip for the GNSS-R system, which cannot meet the requirement of the high-precision and high-spatial resolution spaceborne GNSS-R sea surface altimetry in the future. In this paper, a novel dual circularly polarized phased array antenna (NDCPPA) is proposed and investigated. First, the GNSS-R satellites currently operating in orbit are all cGNSS-R systems, which use the traditional element antenna (TEA) method for measurement. The antenna used in this method is with low gain, which limits the improvement of sea surface measurement accuracy. In response to this problem, this paper establishes an NDCPPA model of iGNSS-R measurement system based on the theory of coherent signal processing on the sea surface. This model uses the high-gain scanning beam to increase the gain of the iGNSS-R antenna without affecting its coverage area, thereby improving the sea surface altimetry precision. Second, in order to verify the gain improvement effect brought by adopting the NDCPPA model, an NDCPPA model verification prototype for iGNSS-R sea surface altimetry was designed and fabricated, and then measured in a microwave anechoic chamber. The measurement results show that, compared with the TEA method, the antenna gain of our proposed verification prototype is enhanced by 9.5 dB. And the measured and designed value of the gain of the verification prototype matches well. Third, based on the GPS L1 signal, the NDCPPA model is used to analyze the effect of improving the precision of sea surface altimetry. Compared with the TEA method, the proposed model can increase the altimetric precision of the nadir point from 7.27 m to 0.21 m, which effectively improves the performance of the iGNSS-R altimetry. The NDCPPA model proposed in this article can provide the theoretical method basis and the crucial technical support for the future high-precision and high-spatial-resolution GNSS-R sea surface altimetry verification satellite.
European Green Deal: Contents, Influences, and Implications (2021)

The European Green Deal is the most important policy outline that the European Union has issued to date. It is a comprehensive strategy for green development and covers almost all economic sectors. It aims at transforming the EU transition into a fair and prosperous society and a modern economy of high competitiveness and efficient resource use. It sets the target of achieving carbon neutrality and decoupling economic growth and resource consumption in the EU by 2050. China and the EU are strategic partners, and both play a critical role in the global efforts on climate change response and green transition. Through the Green Deal, the EU has re-occupied the commanding heights of global transition in terms of concept, strategy, and politics. EU’s Green Deal will have a bearing on China’s choices at the strategic level; moreover, its specific policies and measures will influence China’s economy and serve as references for China to promote its ecological construction efforts. China should cooperate with the EU in leading global climate governance.
Quantifying the relative contribution of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic environments, and coordinating groups, in the zinc(<scp>ii</scp>)–water acidity by synthetic modelling chemistry (2004)

Ligands derived from the tripodal N4 ligand tris(pyridylmethyl)amine ((pyCH2)3N, tpa) of general formula (6-RNHpyCH2)nN(CH2py)(3-n)(R = H, n= 1-3 L(1-3); R = neopentyl, n= 1-3 L'(1-3)) were used to elucidate and quantify the magnitude of the effects exerted by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic environments in the zinc-water acidity of their complexes. The pKa of the zinc-bound water molecule of [(L(1-3))Zn(OH2)]2+ and [(L'(1-3))Zn(OH2)]2+ 1'-3' was determined by potentiometric pH titrations in water (1-3) or water-ethanol (1:1) (1'-3'). The zinc(II) water acidity gradually increases as the number of -NH2 hydrogen bonding groups adjacent to the water molecule increases. Thus, the zinc-bound water of [(L3)Zn(OH2)]2+ and [(tpa)Zn(OH2)]2+ deprotonate with pKa values of 6.0 and 8.0, respectively. The pKa of the water molecule, however, is only raised from 8.0 in [(tpa)Zn(OH2)]2+ to 9.1 in [(bpg)Zn(OH2)]+ (bpa =(pyCH2)2N(CH2COO-)). Moreover, the acidity of the zinc-bound water of several of the five-coordinate zinc(II) complexes with the hydrogen bonding groups is greater than that of four-coordinate [((12)aneN3)Zn(OH2)]2+ (pKa = 7.0). This result shows that the magnitude of the effect exerted by the hydrogen bonding groups can be larger than that induced by changing one neutral by one anionic ligand, and/or even by changing the coordination number of the zinc(II) centre. The X-ray structure of [(L'2)Zn(OH)]ClO4 2' and [(L'3)Zn(OH)]ClO4.CH3CN 3'.CH3CN is reported, and show the neopentylamino groups forming N-H...O hydrogen bonds with the zinc-bound hydroxide. Although, which have hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic groups, have a zinc-bound water more acidic than [(tpa)Zn(OH2)]2+, their pKa is not always lower than that of 1-3. This result suggests that a hydrogen bonding microenvironment may be more effective than a hydrophobic one to increase the zinc-water acidity.
Fundamentals of turfgrass management. (2011)

Preface. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. Careers in the Turfgrass Industry. Chapter 2. Introduction to the Grasses. Chapter 3. Cool-Season Grasses. Chapter 4. Warm-Season Grasses. Chapter 5. Ornamental Grasses. Chapter 6. Establishment. Chapter 7. Soil Testing and Soil Amendment. Chapter 8. Fertilization. Chapter 9. Mowing, Plant Growth Regulators, and Shade. Chapter 10. Irrigation. Chapter 11. Thatch, Cultivation, and Topdressing. Chapter 12. Weed Control. Chapter 13. Turf Insects. Chapter 14. Turfgrass Diseases. Chapter 15. Sports Field Management. Chapter 16. Sod Production. Chapter 17. Professional Lawn Care. Chapter 18. Golf Course Maintenance. About the Author. Index.
California's American Trader oil spill: Effective interagency and public-private collaboration in environmental disaster response (1994)

The American Trader tanker oil spill off Huntington Beach, California, in 1990 triggered a large interagency and public-private response to minimize the ecological and economic impact of nearly 400,000 gallons of spilled crude oil. This paper examines the interagency collaboration of public and private organizations during this crisis. Data are presented from interviews with key participants from various agencies, as well as from an innovative quantitative health-based risk assessment that allowed rapid reopenings of 15 miles of affected beaches. Features that contributed to effective management of the emergency response are considered along with recommendations for improvements in the future.
Risk for neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease and residual aluminum in municipal drinking water employing weighted residential histories (1996)

We investigated a possible relation between aluminum concentration ([Al]) in public drinking water and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with AD cases and controls defined on the basis of strict neuropathologic criteria. Using the case/control odds ratio as an estimate of relative risk and [Al] > or = 100 microgram/L as the cutoff point, elevated risks for histopathologically verified AD were associated with higher [Al]. Comparing all AD cases with all non-AD controls, and using the [Al] of public drinking water at last residence before death as the measure of exposure, the estimated relative risk associated with [Al] > or = 100 microgram/L was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2-2.5). Estimating aluminum exposure from a 10-year weighted residential history resulted in estimates of relative risk of 2.5 or greater. The public health implications of the observed relationship between [Al] in drinking water and AD prevalence in the population depend in large measure on population exposure characteristics. In Ontario, it is estimated that 19% of the population was exposed to residual [Al] greater than or equal to 100 microgram/L. Based on the estimated relative risk and the assumption of causality, this translates to an etiologic fraction of 0.23. Although the potential contributions of confounding and mitigating factors are not defined in this report, the merit of limiting residual aluminum in drinking water supplies deserves serious attention.
Substrate Binding Stoichiometry and Kinetics of the Norepinephrine Transporter (2005)

The human norepinephrine (NE) transporter (hNET) attenuates neuronal signaling by rapid NE clearance from the synaptic cleft, and NET is a target for cocaine and amphetamines as well as therapeutics for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In spite of its central importance in the nervous system, little is known about how NET substrates, such as NE, 1-methyl-4-tetrahydropyridinium (MPP+), or amphetamine, interact with NET at the molecular level. Nor do we understand the mechanisms behind the transport rate. Previously we introduced a fluorescent substrate similar to MPP+, which allowed separate and simultaneous binding and transport measurement (Schwartz, J. W., Blakely, R. D., and DeFelice, L. J. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 9768-9777). Here we use this substrate, 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styrl)-N-methyl-pyridinium (ASP+), in combination with green fluorescent protein-tagged hNETs to measure substrate-transporter stoichiometry and substrate binding kinetics. Calibrated confocal microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy reveal that hNETs, which are homomultimers, bind one substrate molecule per transporter subunit. Substrate residence at the transporter, obtained from rapid on-off kinetics revealed in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, is 526 micros. Substrate residence obtained by infinite dilution is 1000 times slower. This novel examination of substrate-transporter kinetics indicates that a single ASP+ molecule binds and unbinds thousands of times before being transported or ultimately dissociated from hNET. Calibrated fluorescent images combined with mass spectroscopy give a transport rate of 0.06 ASP+/hNET-protein/s, thus 36,000 on-off binding events (and 36 actual departures) occur for one transport event. Therefore binding has a low probability of resulting in transport. We interpret these data to mean that inefficient binding could contribute to slow transport rates.