gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refactoring middleware with aspects (2003)

Middleware platforms, such as Web services, J2EE, CORBA, and DCOM, have become increasingly popular during the last decade. They have been very successful in solving distributed computing problems for a large family of application domains. The architecture of middleware systems have gone through many significant cycles of evolution, both in terms of the completeness of functionality and the range of adoptions for different types of platforms. However, at the same time, it is getting increasingly difficult to achieve and to maintain a high level of adaptability and configurability because the structure of the middleware architecture is becoming overly complicated and rigid. We attribute that problem to the limitations of traditional software decomposition methods. Aspect-oriented programming, on the contrary, has introduced new design perspectives that permit the superimpositions of different abstraction models on top of one another. This is a very powerful technique for separating and simplifying design concerns. In our effort of applying principles of aspect orientation to the middleware architecture, we first pragmatically analyze the use of aspects in the middleware architecture. We then show that aspects are the correct remedy for the above outlined middleware problems by quantifying crosscutting concerns in the legacy implementations of several prominent middleware systems. Our aspect analysis results strongly indicate that modularity of middleware architecture is greatly hindered by the wide existence of tangled logic. To go one step further, we factor out a number of crosscutting concerns identified in the mining process, reimplement them as aspects, and superimpose them back into the refactored architecture. This allows us to use a set of software engineering metrics to quantify the refactorization in terms of changes in the structural complexity, modularity, and performance of the resulting system. This aspect-oriented refactoring proves that aspect orientation is capable of composing orthogonal design requirements. The final "woven" system is able to correctly provide both the fundamental functionality and the "aspectized" functionality with negligible overhead and an overall leaner architecture. Furthermore, the "aspectized" feature can be configured in and out during compile-time, which greatly enhances the configurability of the architecture.
Evaluation of Ammonia Hydroxide for Mitigating Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel Grade Ethanol (2011)

Abstract Carbon steel is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in fuel grade ethanol (FGE). It has been found that SCC in FGE can be inhibited by adding inhibitors. This paper reports the work conducted to evaluate NH4OH as an inhibitor to mitigate SCC of carbon steel in simulated FGE (SFGE). The efficacy of the inhibitor was tested using slow strain rate (SSR) testing and crack growth rate (CGR) tests in simulated FGE (SFGE). Furthermore, the electrochemical response of carbon steel in inhibited SFGE was studied in order to understand the observed SCC inhibition by NH4OH.
Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of regioisomeric spiro-(indoline-isoxazolidines) in the inhibition of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression on human endothelial cells (2012)

Different regioisomeric spiro-(indoline-isoxazolidines) have been synthesized by the microwave mediated cycloaddition reaction between ethyl(5-fluoro-3-indolylidene)-acetate/ethyl(3-indolylidene)-acetate and the substituted α,N-diphenylnitrones. These compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activities through inhibition of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression on human endothelial cells. Spiro-(indoline-isoxazolidine) 9p was found to be the most potent compound in inhibiting the ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, compound 9p significantly inhibited the adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner and also blocked the translocation of NF-κBp65 subunit from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We believe that compound 9p could be useful in developing better anti-inflammatory molecules for various inflammatory diseases where NF-κB plays a key role.
Introduction (1995)

Introduction Raymond Hall Raymond Hall Secretary of the Executive Commitee UNHCR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 14, Issue 4, 1995, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/14.4.1-a Published: 01 January 1995
Performance of 64-QAM signals in a hybrid AM-VSB/QAM optical transmission system (1994)

Fiber-optic transmission of digital multilevel quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) and analog AM-virtual-sideband (AM-VSB) television signals is a subject of intense interest in the telecommunication and CATV industries. This hybrid analog/digital video transmission system has the advantages of compatibility with the existing CATV network and channel capacity sufficient to meet anticipated future requirements for compressed digital video signals.
Ag–Ag<sub>2</sub>S Hybrid Nanoprisms: Structural<i>versus</i>Plasmonic Evolution (2016)

Recently, Ag-Ag2S hybrid nanostructures have attracted a great deal of attention due to their enhanced chemical and thermal stability, in addition to their morphology- and composition-dependent tunable local surface plasmon resonances. Although Ag-Ag2S nanostructures can be synthesized via sulfidation of as-prepared anisotropic Ag nanoparticles, this process is poorly understood, often leading to materials with anomalous compositions, sizes, and shapes and, consequently, optical properties. In this work, we use theory and experiment to investigate the structural and plasmonic evolution of Ag-Ag2S nanoprisms during the sulfidation of Ag precursors. The previously observed red-shifted extinction of the Ag-Ag2S hybrid nanoprism as sulfidation occurs contradicts theoretical predictions, indicating that the reaction does not just occur at the prism tips as previously speculated. Our experiments show that sulfidation can induce either blue or red shifts in the extinction of the dipole plasmon mode, depending on reaction conditions. By elucidating the correlation with the final structure and morphology of the synthesized Ag-Ag2S nanoprisms, we find that, depending on the reaction conditions, sulfidation occurs on the prism tips and/or the (111) surfaces, leading to a core(Ag)-anisotropic shell(Ag2S) prism nanostructure. Additionally, we demonstrate that the direction of the shift in the dipole plasmon is a function of the relative amounts of Ag2S at the prism tips and Ag2S shell thickness around the prism.
Antihepatotoxic Activity of Icariin, a Major Constituent of<i>Epimedium koreanum</i> (1995)

In an attempt to identify compounds with antihepatotoxic activity, carbon tetrachloride-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes has been adopted as a screening system. Using this screening system, an antihepatotoxic compound from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum has been isolated. This compound, icariin, is a flavonol glycoside. Its antihepatotoxic activity was first evaluated by measuring the release of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase from CCl4-intoxicated rat hepatocytes into the culture medium. Icariin significantly reduced the level of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase released resulting in a 76% protection from toxicity at concentration ranges from 1 microM to 20 microM. The antihepatotoxic activity of icariin was also estimated by the determination of total cytochrome P-450 content and glutathione-S-transferase activity in the CCl4-intoxicated hepatocytes.
Reduction of platelet phospholipase C-delta1 activity in Alzheimer's disease associated with a specific apolipoprotein E genotype (epsilon3/epsilon3). (1998)

The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apo E) is increased among patients with sporadic or familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined platelet phospholipase C (PLC)-delta1 activity in AD patients either homozygous for apoepsilon3 or having at least one apo epsilon4 allele. We found that platelet PLC-delta1 activity is reduced from control levels in patients homozygous for apo epsilon3, but not changed in patients with an apo epilson4 allele. Reduced PLC-delta1 activity and apo epsilon3 may contribute to AD pathogenesis apart from the apo epsilon4 allele.
Packet loss recovery hybrid scheme for image multicast applications (2002)

In real-time multicast communication scalability, reliability, feedback implosion, and packet loss recovery are of paramount importance. In this work we have developed an efficient feedback-free, entirely receiver-driven, and reliable visual information delivery hybrid scheme (SIGMA-EC) for multicast applications over unreliable communication networks, that requires no per-receiver status at the sender. Our scheme's encoding and decoding processing time is an order of magnitude faster than conventional FEC-based loss recovery schemes. Among other attractive features, the reconstructed image quality gets progressively better. Furthermore, we obtain all these advantages using a remarkably simple structure, both conceptually as well as computationally.
A new single-polarization optical fiber (1989)

In the single-polarization optical fiber, two isolated stress-applying parts contribute to radiate one of the two orthogonal polarization modes due to the asymmetrical geometric-index effect in addition to a stress-induced birefringence effect without bending the fiber. The loss spectra for x- and y-polarizations and the length dependence of the crosstalk show that the present fiber exhibits single-polarization characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endothelial cells from human umbilical vein secrete functional transcobalamin II (1989)

Transcobalamin II (TCII) is a cobalamin (Cbl) binding protein in the plasma that mediates the cellular uptake of Cbl. Although the synthesis of TCII by a variety of cultured mammalian cells and by some isolated perfused organs has been reported, no single tissue has been identified as the source of TCII in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells secrete a protein that binds CN[57Co]Cbl, elutes from a Sephacryl S-200 column in the same position as TCII, and precipitates with an antiserum to purified human TCII. The biosynthesis of TCII by these cells was confirmed by demonstrating the incorporation of [35S]methionine into a nascent protein that immunoprecipitated with anti-TCII and which, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) had an Mr of 43,000, the same as human TCII. This secreted protein also had the functional properties of TCII because it facilitated the uptake of CN[57Co]Cbl by the same endothelial cells that secreted it as well as other cell lines that express the membrane receptor for TCII. We also present evidence that the venous endothelium could be the source of TCII in vivo by showing that an intact umbilical vein in an isolated umbilical cord, when perfused with medium containing [35S]methionine, secretes a radiolabeled nascent protein with the same immunoreactive and electrophoretic properties as human TCII. These studies demonstrate that the endothelial cell, which has been shown to secrete a number of plasma proteins, also synthesizes and secretes TCII both in vitro and as an intact endothelium in situ, and therefore, could be the source of circulating TCII in vivo.
Two-Component Gelators and Nucleating Agents for Polypropylene Based upon Supramolecular Assembly (1998)

The supramolecular assembly of octyl-, hexadecyl-, and benzyl-substituted complementary tectonics based upon barbiturates (BA) and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidines (TP) were studied in bulk, in cyclohexane, and in a polypropylene matrix. As evidenced by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering, FTIR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), BA/TP assembly led to the formation of nanofibrillated superstructures, whereas the individual BA and TP components exhibited layered superstructures. Nanostructure formation resulting from BA/TP assembly in polypropylene melt accounted for nucleation of polypropylene crystallization, especially when using benzyl-substituted BA and TP derivatives instead of the corresponding n-alkyl-substituted derivatives. As a function of the benzyl ring substitution pattern it was possible to vary interlayer spacing and to influence nucleation with optimum nucleation efficiency observed for 1.61 nm spacing in the case of MeBz-BA/Bz-TP. Injection molding in the presence of MeBz-BA/Bz-TP and of Bz-BA/MeBz-TP assemblies revealed increased stiffness, as determined by Young's modulus, without sacrificing impact strength when the content of nucleating assembly was increased from 0 to 2 wt %. Transcrystallization of polypropylene onto BA/TP nanostructures was imaged by means of crossed-polarized light microscopy.
Interactions of selected gold(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes with DNA G quadruplexes (2014)

The interactions of three representative gold(III) complexes with human telomeric DNA sequences were analysed using a variety of biophysical methods, including DNA melting, circular dichroism, SPR and ESI MS; remarkable interactions were highlighted for all tested complexes, although they were associated to significantly different binding profiles. The most interesting compound was Auoxo6, a dinuclear gold(III) complex, which beyond manifesting a conspicuous binding affinity for the G-quadruplex conformation, turned out to be very effective in inducing a non-canonical secondary structure. These findings may clear the way for novel biological and pharmacological applications of this class of metal compounds.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Growth Termination in Controlled Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2009)

We have investigated growth kinetics of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays produced by catalytic thermal decomposition of ethylene gas in hydrogen, water, and argon mixture. The MWCNT growth rate exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on total pressure and reaches a maximum at approximately 750 Torr of total pressure. Water concentrations in excess of 3000 ppm lead to the decrease in the observed growth rate. Optimal pressure and water concentration combination results in a reliable growth of well-aligned MWCNT arrays at a maximum growth rate of approximately 30 microm/min. These MWCNT arrays can reach heights of up to 1 mm with typical standard deviations for the array height of less than 8% over a large number of process runs spread over the time of 8 months. Nanotube growth rate in this optimal growth region remains essentially constant until growth reaches an abrupt and irreversible termination. We present a quantitative model that shows how accumulation of the amorphous carbon patches at the catalyst particle surface and the carbon diffusion to the growing nanotube perimeter causes this abrupt growth cessation. The influence of the partial pressures of ethylene and hydrogen on the ethylene decomposition driving force explains the nonlinear behavior of the growth rate as a function of total process pressure.
Effect of in-plane easy axis orientation in narrow track recording (1993)

The effect of crystalline easy axis orientation in longitudinal thin-film recording media is studied via micromagnetic modeling. The focus is on bicrystal films, in which the crystalline easy axes are oriented in two specified orthogonal directions. Hysteresis properties, side writing phenomena, and on-track noise behavior of the films are studied. Comparisons were made with oriented and planar isotropic films. It has been found that in the bicrystal film the effective magnetic easy axes are along the diagonal directions in between the crystalline easy axes in the film plane. Along the effective easy axes, the hysteresis loop is similar to that of the oriented film with high remanent and coercive squarenesses. Unlike oriented films, the side-written band in the bicrystal film acts like an erase band containing no edge transitions. The on-track noise of the bicrystal film is low at all recording densities, while the noise in oriented films sharply increases at high recording densities. It is concluded that the bicrystal film is more suitable for narrow track recording than either the oriented film or the planar isotropic film.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The “Mozart Effect” on Epileptiform Activity (1998)

The "Mozart Effect," using the Piano Sonata in D Major (K.448), was examined in patients with seizures. In 23 of 29 instances significant decreases in epileptiform activity were noted from patients even in coma, with status epilepticus or with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). The effect may be immediate or require 40-300 sec to manifest itself. The change in the amount of ictal activity in one patient in coma was from 62% before the music to 21% during Mozart. Amplitudes of these discharges also have often decreased. Examples of PLEDs on both temporal areas are shown in which the effect was only on the left temporal area but in other patients only on the right temporal area. Brain maps during the music showed theta and alpha activity decreased on the central areas, while delta waves increased on the frontal midline area. The basis of this effect is likely that the superorganization of the cerebral cortex with its highly structured radial columns seen throughout both hemispheres may resonate with the superior architecture of Mozart's music.
An adaptive continuous‐time incremental Σ∆ ADC for neural recording implants (2018)

Summary In this paper, an analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with adaptive resolution is presented for wireless neural recording implants. The resolution of the ADC is changed according to the neural signal content, and for this purpose, a continuous‐time (CT) incremental sigma‐delta (IΣ∆) modulator is employed. The ADC digitizes the action potential (AP) and background noise (B‐noise) with 8‐bit and 3‐bit resolutions, respectively. An automatic AP detector is used to separate the APs from the B‐noise in order to select one of the two proportional resolutions. The power dissipation and output data rate of the ADC are reduced by using this technique. Analytical calculations and behavioral simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed ADC. To further confirm its efficiency, the circuit‐level implementation of the CT IΣ∆ ADC is presented in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 90‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. According to the simulation results, the proposed ADC achieves 8‐bit or 3‐bit resolution adaptively with 10 kHz bandwidth while the average power consumption is less than 1.89 μW from a single 1‐V power supply.
Halogenase Engineering for the Generation of New Natural Product Analogues (2015)

Halogenases catalyze the incorporation of halogen atoms into organic molecules. Given the importance that halogenation has on the biological activity of small molecules, these enzymes have been subjected to intense engineering efforts to make them more suitable for biotechnology applications. The ability to biohalogenate complex molecules provides, in principle, the opportunity for rapid generation of a series of analogues with new or improved properties. Here we discuss the potential and limitations of using halogenases as biocatalysts, including recent advances in engineering halogenases to generate halogenated natural product analogues.
Germ-line mutations in p27 <i> <sup>Kip1</sup> </i> cause a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome in rats and humans (2006)

MENX is a recessive multiple endocrine neoplasia-like syndrome in the rat. The tumor spectrum in MENX overlaps those of human multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 1 and 2. We mapped the MenX locus to the distal part of rat chromosome 4, excluding the homologs of the genes responsible for the MEN syndromes (RET and MEN1) and syndromes with an endocrine tumor component (VHL and NF1). We report the fine mapping of the disease locus and the identification of a homozygous frameshift mutation in Cdkn1b, encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). As a consequence of the mutation, MENX-affected rats show dramatic reduction in p27(Kip1) protein. We have identified a germ-line nonsense mutation in the human CDKN1B gene in a MEN1 mutation-negative patient presenting with pituitary and parathyroid tumors. Expanded pedigree analysis shows that the mutation is associated with the development of an MEN1-like phenotype in multiple generations. Our findings demonstrate that germ-line mutations in p27(Kip1) can predispose to the development of multiple endocrine tumors in both rats and humans.
The CATH database: an extended protein family resource for structural and functional genomics (2003)

The CATH database of protein domain structures (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/cath_new) currently contains 34 287 domain structures classified into 1383 superfamilies and 3285 sequence families. Each structural family is expanded with domain sequence relatives recruited from GenBank using a variety of efficient sequence search protocols and reliable thresholds. This extended resource, known as the CATH-protein family database (CATH-PFDB) contains a total of 310 000 domain sequences classified into 26 812 sequence families. New sequence search protocols have been designed, based on these intermediate sequence libraries, to allow more regular updating of the classification. Further developments include the adaptation of a recently developed method for rapid structure comparison, based on secondary structure matching, for domain boundary assignment. The philosophy behind CATHEDRAL is the recognition of recurrent folds already classified in CATH. Benchmarking of CATHEDRAL, using manually validated domain assignments, demonstrated that 43% of domains boundaries could be completely automatically assigned. This is an improvement on a previous consensus approach for which only 10-20% of domains could be reliably processed in a completely automated fashion. Since domain boundary assignment is a significant bottleneck in the classification of new structures, CATHEDRAL will also help to increase the frequency of CATH updates.