gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an ultraviolet radiometer 1: Detector electrical characteristics (1986)

An ultraviolet radiometer has been designed to the exacting standards required for use in a space simulation facility. In this paper the electrical characteristics, photocurrent linearity, and noise performance (when used with high quality operational amplifiers) of available photodetectors are examined. A combined experimental and theoretical assessment shows that GaAsP Schottky barrier photodiodes are superior to both diffused-junction and inversion-type silicon photodetectors in both high current linearity and noise performance. This results in GaAsP devices having an increased dynamic range at room temperature, a significant radiometric advantage. The superiority of the GaAsP diodes is further increased at higher operating temperatures. The following paper discusses UV stability and responsivity/filtering requirements of both types of device.
Expression of differentiation-related genes in colorectal cancer: possible implications for prognosis. (1998)

Although differentiation grade is an important prognostic factor for colorectal tumors, its usefulness is limited since its predictive value for tumor behavior is not very significant. This might be related to the subjective nature of histological assessment of differentiation grade, which allows the distinction of only three grades, and with limited reproducibility. Characterization of the differentiation process at the biochemical level may improve our understanding of normal and malignant differentiation, and is expected to provide molecular markers with higher discriminative potential than histomorphology. Several studies have compared gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated colon carcinoma cells, and many differentially expressed genes have been identified. Some of these, including HLA class I, nucleophosmin, adenylosuccinate lyase, alpha-tubulin, and a novel gene designated Drg1, were found to be expressed at different levels in neoplastic as compared to normal tissue. In this review the rationale, implementation, and results of this approach are discussed, as well as the characteristics of two novel differentially expressed genes, ICT1 (previously named DS-1) and Drg1.
Cytotoxic principles From the Sap of Kalmia latifolia (1979)

Examination of the sap of Kalmia latifolia has revealed Grayanotoxin I (1), phloretin (3), and 2',6'-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (5) as cytotoxic components. Twenty-one dihydrochalcones have been synthesized and tested for cytotoxic activity. 2'3,3'4,4'-Pentahydroxydihydrochalcone (8) has been found to be cytotoxic and to have marginal activity in vivo. Seven new dihydrochalcones are described.
Preparation of Fine Metal Particles by Means of Evaporation in Xenon Gas (1968)

Fine particles of Be, Mg, Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd and Au were prepared by means of evaporation in xenon gas. The particle size was about 3 or 4 times larger than that for those prepared in argon gas of the same pressure. Almost all particles exhibited distinct crystalline shapes except Al.
Sensitive imaging of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer detection by active feedback MR (2015)

Purpose Sensitive imaging of superparamagnetic nanoparticles or aggregates is of great importance in MR molecular imaging and medical diagnosis. For this purpose, a conceptually new approach, termed active feedback magnetic resonance , was developed. Methods In the presence of the Zeeman field, a dipolar field is induced by the superparamagnetic nanoparticles or aggregates. Such dipolar field creates spatial and temporal (due to water diffusion) variations to the precession frequency of the nearby water 1 H magnetization. Sensitive imaging of magnetic nanoparticles or aggregates can be achieved by manipulating the intrinsic spin dynamics by selective self‐excitation and fixed‐point dynamics under active feedback fields. Results Phantom experiments of superparamagnetic nanoparticles; in vitro experiments of brain tissue with blood clots; and in vivo mouse images of colon cancers, with and without labeling by magnetic nanoparticles, suggest that this new approach provides enhanced, robust, and positive contrast in imaging magnetic nanoparticles or aggregates for cancer detection. Conclusion The spin dynamics originated from selective self‐excitation and fixed‐point dynamics under active feedback fields have been shown to be sensitive to dipolar fields generated by magnetic nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med 74:33–41, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network video image processing for security, surveillance, and situational awareness (2004)

Lockheed Martin and the University of Central Florida (UCF) are jointly investigating the use of a network of COTS video cameras and computers for a variety of security and surveillance operations. The detection and tracking of humans as well as vehicles is of interest. The three main novel aspects of the work presented in this paper are (1) the integration of automatic target detection and recognition techniques with tracking (2) the handover and seamless tracking of objects across a network, and (3) the development of real-time communication and messaging protocols using COTS networking components. The approach leverages the previously developed KNIGHT human detection and tracking system developed at UCF, and Lockheed Martin’s automatic target detection and recognition (ATD/R) algorithms. The work presented in this paper builds on these capabilities for surveillance using stationary sensors, with the goal of subsequently addressing the problem of moving platforms.
Versuche zur Synthese von pharmakologisch wirksamen Heterocyclen via Mannich‐Reaktion, 3. Mitt. Pyrido[2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐2,4‐dione (5‐Desazapteridine) (1978)

Abstract 6,7‐Substituierte Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2,4‐dione entstehen durch Kondensation von Aryl‐alkanon‐ Mannich basen bzw. ihren Hydrochloriden mit 4‐Aminouracilen. Als Zwischenstufen werden 5,6‐Dihydro‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2,4‐dione isoliert.
Isolation and detection of alkaline contaminant materials (ACM) in used frying oils (1986)

Abstract Alkaline contaminant materials are formed in frying oils during cooking. The ACM can be eluted from the same International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists‐Association of Official Analytical Chemists (IUPACAOAC) silica gel column used to determine polar materials in frying oils. The ACM are eluted with methanol after “non‐polar” and “polar” fractions already have been eluted from the column. A residue of silica gel in the methanol eluate must be insolubilized before the ACM can be identified and quantitated. IR was used to identify sodium oleate as the major constituent of ACM from a set of restaurant generated frying oil samples.
Specific atrial overexpression of G protein coupled human  1 adrenoceptors in transgenic mice (1993)

These transgenic mice may provide a useful pharmacological tool to investigate the pathophysiological consequences of the overactivation of atrial beta 1 adrenoceptor-adenylyl cyclase signalling system.
Improved Silica-Guanidiniumthiocyanate DNA Isolation Procedure Based on Selective Binding of Bovine Alpha-Casein to Silica Particles (1999)

DNA purified from clinical cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens by a silica-guanidiniumthiocyanate procedure frequently contained an inhibitor(s) of DNA-processing enzymes which may have been introduced by the purification procedure itself. Inhibition could be relieved by the use of a novel lysis buffer containing alpha-casein. When the novel lysis buffer was used, alpha-casein was bound by the silica particles in the first step of the procedure and eluted together with DNA in the last step, after which it exerted its beneficial effects for DNA-processing enzymes. In the present study we have compared the novel lysis buffer with the previously described lysis buffer with respect to double-stranded DNA yield (which was nearly 100%) and the performance of DNA-processing enzymes.
Interaction of multiple plasma plumes in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet array (2013)

Plasma jet arrays are considered a viable means to enhance the scale of a downstream surface treatment beyond that possible using a single plasma jet. Of paramount importance in many processing applications is the uniformity of the plasma exposure on the substrate, which can be compromised when multiple plasma jets are arranged in close proximity due to their interaction. This contribution explores a dielectric barrier plasma jet array consisting of multiple individually ballasted jets. It is shown that capacitive ballasting is a promising technique to allow simultaneous operation of the plasma plumes without the losses associated with resistive ballasting. The interaction between adjacent plasma plumes and the background gas is investigated with Schlieren imaging; it is shown that the strong repulsive force between each plasma plume causes a divergence in propagation trajectory and a reduction in the laminar flow length with significant ramifications for any downstream surface treatment.
A lacZ-ftsZ gene fusion is an analog of the cell division inhibitor sulA (1984)

An in-frame lacZ-ftsZ gene fusion under lac control was fortuitously constructed by subcloning an EcoRI fragment that contains approximately 90% of the ftsZ gene. The identity of the gene fusion was confirmed by isolating an amber mutation in the hybrid gene and then using it to reconstruct the ftsZ gene, which now contained an amber mutation. The hybrid protein (ZZ), which does not possess ftsZ activity, contains seven amino acids of lacZ at its amino terminal end, followed by 35,000 daltons of the carboxyl end of the ftsZ protein. Induction of the hybrid protein resulted in a rapid cessation of cell division which could be reversed by removing the lac inducer. This inhibition of division could be prevented by an increased gene dosage of ftsZ or the presence of the sulB allele of ftsZ, which is known to code for an altered but functional ftsZ protein. An increased gene dosage of ftsZ or the presence of the sulB allele of ftsZ is known to overcome sulA-mediated inhibition of division during the SOS response. Thus, our results suggest that ZZ is an analog of sulA and may aid in determining how sulA inhibits cell division.
Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis (2002)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting Hib in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated and compared with culture and a latex agglutination test (LAT) in a hospital-based prospective surveillance. We studied 107 children aged from 1 month to 12 years with a clinical and CSF profile suggestive of acute bacterial meningitis. CSF culture was performed on blood-chocolate agar by standard technique, LAT by a commercially available kit (Wellcogen) and PCR using total DNA extracted from CSF samples. Of 107 children, 79% had received one or more doses of injectable antibiotics. Hib was detected by culture in 14 cases, by LAT in 23 and by PCR in 37. All CSF samples that reveal Hib by culture or LAT had a PCR positive for Hib (sensitivity 100%). PCR also detected 14 additional cases of Hib meningitis which were not detected by culture or LAT. We conclude that PCR is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool that may be valuable in a population with high pre-hospital antibiotic usage.
Cdk5-induced neuronal cell death: The activation of the conventional Rb-E2F G<sub>1</sub>pathway in post-mitotic neurons (2012)

Comment on: Futatsugi A, et al. Cell Cycle 2012; 1603-10
Response to Use of Cerebral Oximetry During Cardiac Arrest (2017)

Department of Perioperative Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Methionine Synthesis in <i>Lemna</i> (1982)

Propargylglycine, vinylglycine, and cysteine each cause irreversible inactivations of cystathionine gamma-synthase (and, in parallel, of O-phosphohomoserine sulfhydrylase) activities in crude extracts of Lemna paucicostata. Inactivation by propargylglycine or vinylglycine is completely prevented by 40 millimolar O-phospho- or O-succinyl-l-homoserine; that by cysteine is only partially prevented. Propargylglycine (PAG), the most potent of these inhibitors, causes rapid and drastic inactivation of both activities in intact Lemna. Studies of plants growing in steady states in the presence of various concentrations (0-150 nanomolar) of PAG showed that 16% of control activity is necessary and sufficient to maintain normal rates of growth and methionine biosynthesis, and that 10% of control activity is essential for viability. Addition of either 2 micromolar methionine or 31 micromolar cystine to growth medium containing 150 nanomolar PAG permits growth at 75 to 100% of control rates when enzyme activity is less than 10% of control. Whereas methionine presumably rescues by directly providing the missing metabolite, cystine may rescue by enhancing substrate accumulation and thereby promoting flux through residual cystathionine gamma-synthase. The results indicate that the down-regulation of cystathionine gamma-synthase to 15% of control which occurs when plants are grown in 2 micromolar methionine (Thompson, Datko, Mudd, Giovanelli Plant Physiol 69: 1077-1083), by itself, is not sufficient to reduce the rate of methionine biosynthesis.
Size Effect on Flexural Strength of Fiber-Composite Laminates (2004)

The size effect on the flexural strength (or modulus of rupture) of fiber-polymer laminate beams failing at fracture initiation is analyzed. A generalized energetic-statistical size effect law recently developed on the basis of a probabilistic nonlocal theory is introduced. This law represents asymptotic matching of three limits: (1) the power-law size effect of the classical Weibull theory, approached for infinite structure size; (2) the deterministic-energetic size effect law based on the deterministic nonlocal theory, approached for vanishing structure size; and (3) approach to the same law at any structure size when the Weibull modulus tends to infinity. The limited test data that exist are used to verify this formula and examine the closeness of fit. The results show that the new energetic-statistical size effect theory can match the existing flexural strength data better than the classical statistical Weibull theory, and that the optimum size effect fits with Weibull theory are incompatible with a realistic coefficient of variation of scatter in strength tests of various types of laminates. As for the energetic-statistical theory, its support remains entirely theoretical because the existing test data do not reveal any improvement of fit over its special case, the purely energetic theory—probably because the size range of the data is not broad enough or the scatter is too high, or both.
PCR Targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA Gene Intergenic Spacer Region of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> and Construction of a Library Consisting of 116 Different PCR Ribotypes (1999)

A reference library of types of Clostridium difficile has been constructed by PCR ribotyping isolates (n = 2,030) from environmental (n = 89), hospital (n = 1,386), community practitioner (n = 395), veterinary (n = 27), and reference (n = 133) sources. The library consists of 116 distinct types identified on the basis of differences in profiles generated with PCR primers designed to amplify the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region. Isolates from 55% of infections in hospitals in the United Kingdom belonged to one ribotype (type 1), but this type was responsible for only 7. 5% of community infections.
A 300mm foundry HRSOI technology with variable silicon thickness for integrated FEM applications (2016)

A novel approach to technology integration of system-on-chip RF Front-End Module (FEM) is presented. Device design to achieve best-in-class extended drain power mosfet (EDNMOS) with Ron of 1.6Ohm-mm and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> >39GHz is discussed. This is followed by an analysis of a high performance switch device integrated via selective silicon thinning.
Nanoscale protection for CoCrPt thin film magnetic recording media (2001)

In this study, CrMn, CoCrPt-C multilayers and carbon overcoat were sequentially deposited on the NiAl coated glass substrate as underlayer, granular media layer, and protect layer by DC sputtering. Samples with various interlayer carbon concentration and top-layer carbon were tested for corrosion resistance in the 0.5 N HCl saturated vapor environment. The results show that surface concentration of cobalt and nickel varies with the carbon content in the magnetic layer. An nonannealed top-layer carbon and low temperature annealed interlayer carbon can provide grain-sized or nanoscale protection to the CoCrPt magnetic media. Carbon concentration within/above the top of CoCrPt-C granular thin film plays an important roles in the suppression of corrosion.
99mTc(CO)3-Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A New Renal Radiopharmaceutical Showing Pharmacokinetic Properties in Rats Comparable to Those of 131I-OIH (2009)

To develop a 99mTc renal tracer with a capacity tomeasure effec-tive renal plasma flow comparable to that of the clinical gold standard 131I-o-iodohippurate (131I-OIH) and superior to that of 99mTcO-mercaptoacetyltriglycine, which has a clearance only 50%260 % that of 131I-OIH, we investigated 99mTc-tricarbonyl nitrilotriacetic acid (Na2[99mTc(CO)3(NTA)]). This radiopharma-ceutical, which is based on an aminopolycarboxylate ligand, is formed as a single species and has a dangling carboxylate group favoring tubular transport.Methods: Na2[99mTc(CO)3(NTA)] was prepared by using commercially available NTA and an IsoLink kit and isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of Na2[99mTc(CO)3(NTA)] in isotonic saline was assessed for 24 h andwas further evaluated by incubation in 0.1Mcysteine and histidine for 4 h at 37C. The biodistribution of Na2[99mTc (CO)3(NTA)], coinjected with 131I-OIH as an internal control,
Wavelet Based Neural Network Architecture For Ecg Signal Compression (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Plant Cell Wall–Degrading Enzymes and Their Secretion in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi (2014)

Approximately a tenth of all described fungal species can cause diseases in plants. A common feature of this process is the necessity to pass through the plant cell wall, an important barrier against pathogen attack. To this end, fungi possess a diverse array of secreted enzymes to depolymerize the main structural polysaccharide components of the plant cell wall, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Recent advances in genomic and systems-level studies have begun to unravel this diversity and have pinpointed cell wall-degrading enzyme (CWDE) families that are specifically present or enhanced in plant-pathogenic fungi. In this review, we discuss differences between the CWDE arsenal of plant-pathogenic and non-plant-pathogenic fungi, highlight the importance of individual enzyme families for pathogenesis, illustrate the secretory pathway that transports CWDEs out of the fungal cell, and report the transcriptional regulation of expression of CWDE genes in both saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi.
Speaker Recognition Based on Support Vector Machines and Multi-Scale Wavelet Analysis (2009)

A speaker recognition method based on support vector and multi-scale wavelet analysis is proposed and a frame model of it is constructed in this paper. Firstly, Multi-scale wavelet analysis is applied to the process of signal preprocess, based on it, the theory of multi-scale analysis is applied to separate speech and noise, and enhance the speech consequently. Secondly, in the feature extracting phase, Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient and its difference are derived to be the characteristic parameters and then composed into feature vector sequences based on SVM. Finally, a multi-category SVM algorithm is applied to realize the speaker classification and recognition by making training and testing based on swatches.
Lensless Miniature Portable Fluorometer for Measurement of Chlorophyll and CDOM in Water Using Fluorescence Contact Imaging (2014)

We report on the design, fabrication, and verification of a proof-of-concept miniature fluorometer, which is designed to measure chlorophyll and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentration in aquatic environment. The system utilizes light emitting diodes (LEDs) for fluorescence excitation and absorption filters for excitation light attenuation. The excitation LED for chlorophyll has peak emission at 465 nm, and the excitation LED for CDOM has peak emission at 341 nm. Our device demonstrates the concept of attaching two different absorption filters on a single sensor array for measuring the fluorescence signal from two different fluorescent dyes. We have tested the system's ability to detect fluorescence from various concentrations of fluorescein as a close simulant and the calibration standard for chlorophyll, and quinine sulfate dihydrate (QSD) as a simulant and calibration standard for CDOM. We have successfully acquired the fluorescent signal for fluorescein between 0.7 and 1000 nM and for QSD between 2.6 and 638 nM.
Integrated reconfigurable optical wavelength add-drop multiplexer (2002)

A high performance 16-channel integrated optical add-drop multiplexer is described. The device offers both common wavelength and discrete wavelength add and drop ports for all channels. Insertion loss is less than 6 dB and the isolation is greater than 40 dB.
The New Handbook of Cognitive Therapy Techniques (1999)

It describes, explains, and demonstrates over a hundred cognitive therapy techniques, offering for each the theoretical basis, a thumbnail description of the method, case examples, and resources for further information. Cognitive restructuring therapy is based on the truth: If we change our thoughts, we change ourselves. It tackles, with logic, persistence, and creativity, the distorted beliefs underlying our emotional responses to everyday events. With dozens of soft, hard, and objective countering techniques, as well as methods to encourage perceptual shifts, this book is a huge toolbox for cognitive therapy practitioners. In this major revision of his 1986 Handbook of Cognitive Therapy Techniques, McMullin has added seven new chapters which explain how to teach basic concepts, how to uncover harmful schemes, and how to resynthesize historical and cultural beliefs. He directs special attention to using these strategies with addicted clients and with severely mentally ill patients. In addition, he has tripled the number of examples, dialogues, case transcripts, and illustrations. Whether they are new to cognitive therapy or have been using it for years, clinicians will find here a rich, engaging, practical resource.
Fast two-dimensional phase-unwrapping algorithm based on sorting by reliability following a noncontinuous path (2002)

We describe what is to our knowledge a novel technique for phase unwrapping. Several algorithms based on unwrapping the most-reliable pixels first have been proposed. These were restricted to continuous paths and were subject to difficulties in defining a starting pixel. The technique described here uses a different type of reliability function and does not follow a continuous path to perform the unwrapping operation. The technique is explained in detail and illustrated with a number of examples.