gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Application of the Titanium Plate Fixation System in Sternum Transverse Incisions</i> (2011)

The purpose of this study was to review the application of the titanium plate fixation system in sternum transverse incisions and assess its advantages over the conventional methods of steel wire fixation. Sternal healing of 249 patients who underwent a thymectomy and/or excision of the thymoma with a transverse sternal incision was compared between patients who underwent titanium plate fixation or steel wire fixation. Short-term results: The stability of the sternum was significantly superior in the titanium plate group compared with the steel wire group (P < 0.01). Out-of-bed activities started earlier for patients in the titanium plate group compared with the steel wire group (P < 0.01). Long-term results: The sternal healing rate in the titanium plate group was significantly higher than the steel wire group (P < 0.05). Titanium plate fixation improves the postoperative sternal stability in patients with transverse sternal incisions for thymectomy and/or excision of a thymoma. Titanium plate fixation also reduces postoperative pain, enhances the patient's physical activity, and decreases the long-term nonunion rate of the sternum.
Activities of Oseltamivir and Ribavirin Used Alone and in Combination against Infections in Mice with Recent Isolates of Influenza a (H1N1) and B Viruses (2006)

Mouse models have been widely used for evaluating potential influenza virus inhibitors. However, the viral strains traditionally used in these models are fairly old and do not represent currently circulating viruses in nature. We developed two new lethal infection models in mice using mouse-adapted influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) and influenza B/Sichuan/379/99 viruses. Both virus infections were used to study oral treatment with oseltamivir and ribavirin, both alone and in combination. Oral treatments were given twice daily for 5 days starting 4 h before infection in initial studies. Against influenza A, oseltamivir was active at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day, protected 80-100% of mice from death and reduced lung consolidation - ribavirin was similarly effective at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day. When treatments were initiated after virus challenge, delaying treatment with oseltamivir even 1 day caused it to be ineffective. Ribavirin prevented mortality by 50-80% when treatments were delayed 1-4 days after infection. The combination of the two drugs (oseltamivir at 20 mg/kg/day and ribavirin at 40 mg/kg/day) was no better than ribavirin alone. In contrast to what we observed with influenza A virus infections, oseltamivir and ribavirin showed similar dose-related antiviral activities against influenza B virus infections. The compounds both significantly increased survival when treatments started up to 4 days after infection, but ribavirin was more active than oseltamivir (50-80% survival compared to 30-40% survival, respectively, when starting treatments on days 2-4 after infection). By varying the doses of each drug that were used in combination (oseltamivir at 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day; ribavirin at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day) certain dosage combinations were superior to either compound used alone as assessed by decreased mortality, lung virus titre, lung score and lung weight parameters. These activities differed from published results with older, more established virus strains as oseltamivir was less effective and ribavirin was more active than previously reported.
Rapid bacterial antigen detection is not clinically useful (1995)

Latex agglutination (LA) of capsular polysaccharide bacterial antigen is a frequently performed laboratory procedure, but its use is controversial. To assess the clinical utility of this test, we reviewed all LA tests performed over a 10-month period at two sites, a major university-based referral center and a private specialty pediatric hospital. Samples were assayed either individually or as a panel for the group B streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and three sets of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups (A and Y, C and W135, and B and Escherichia coli K1). Of 5,169 assays performed on 1,268 clinical samples (786 urine and 478 cerebrospinal fluid, 3 pleural fluid, and 1 synovial fluid sample), 57 (1.1%) were positive, including 1.7% of urine and 0.3% of cerebrospinal fluid samples. All LA true-positive cerebrospinal fluid samples showed the causative microorganisms by Gram stain. Detailed chart review of these 57 positive samples showed that the LA result was false-positive in 31 (54%), true-positive in 22 (38%), and indeterminate in 4 (7%) samples. Therapy was not altered on the basis of any of the true-positive LA results. The 31 false-positive results led to additional cost, prolonged hospitalization, and some clinical complications. Total patient charges were $175,000 ($7,954 per true-positive), with no detectable clinical benefit. Our retrospective study does not support the current use of LA for rapid antigen detection. What, if any, specific indications exist for this test remain to be elucidated.
Subband merging in cosine-modulated filter banks (2003)

Recently, a new method for constructing nonuniform modulated lapped transforms (MLTs) was introduced, by combining subband filters of a uniform MLT. The design, however, was restricted to combining two or four subband filters only, and no systematic design procedure was given. In this letter, we propose an extension to the above-mentioned method that allows arbitrary numbers of subbands to be combined in a systematic way. We investigate the general case of combining filters in arbitrary cosine-modulated filter banks, and give conditions on how to combine the constituent filters such that the resulting nonuniform filter banks have suitable frequency responses.
Receiver function decomposition of OBC data: theory (2009)

SUMMARY This paper deals with theoretical aspects of wavefield decomposition of Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) data in the τ –p domain, considering a horizontally layered medium. We present both the acoustic decomposition and elastic decomposition procedures in a simple and compatible way. Acoustic decomposition aims at estimating the primary upgoing P wavefield just above the ocean-bottom, whereas elastic decomposition aims at estimating the primary upgoingP and S wavefields just below the ocean-bottom. Specific issues due to the interference phenomena at the receiver level are considered. Our motivation is to introduce the two-step decomposition scheme called ‘receiver function’ (RF) decomposition that aims at determining the primary upgoing P and S wavefields (RFP and RFS, free of any water layer multiples). We show that elastic decomposition is a necessary step (acting as pre-conditioning) before applying the multiple removal step by predictive deconvolution. We show the applicability of our algorithm on a synthetic data example.
Quasi-consistency and Caching with Broadcast Disks (2001)

. The challenges ensuing from the asymmetric communication capabilities of mobile environments have led to an increased interest in broadcast-based data dissemination. Among the concurrency control (CC) techniques for transactional clients in broadcast environments, BCC-TI has been shown to be more efficient than a traditional technique [1]. We propose two ways of improving CC performance in broadcast environments: caching and a weaker consistency criterion. We demonstrate that caching improves query response time in BCC-TI. We propose a new CC technique called Quasi-TI that enforces a correctness criterion called quasi-consistency [2] --- useful when serializability is too expensive to enforce. We introduce a new caching scheme (PIT) and study its effects on Quasi-TI&apos;s performance. Through simulation, we demonstrate the benefits of the proposed techniques. 1 Introduction In asymmetric communication environments, server-to-client capacity is greater than client-to-server c...
Normalized Web Distance Based Web Query Classification (2012)

The problem is to classify a given web query to a set of 67 target categories. The target categories are ranked based on the degree of similarity to a given query. Approach: The feature set is the set of intermediate categories retrieved from a directory search engine for a given query. Using direct mapping and Normalized Web Distance (NWD) the intermediate categories are mapped to the required target categories. The categories are then ranked based on three parameters of the intermediate categories namely, position, frequency and a combination of frequency and position. Results: The results proved that the third parameter gave a better result and a maximum of 40 search result pages ensure better results. Conclusion: With NWD as the similarity measure, the precision and recall is found to increase by 10% over the previous methods.
A SiGe single-chip 3.3 V receiver IC for 10 Gb/s optical communication systems (2003)

A SiGe single-chip 3.3 V receiver IC for 10 Gb/s optical communication systems integrates a transimpedance preamplifier, a limiting amplifier with a reference voltage generator, and a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with a phase-locked loop (PLL). For this IC, phase-comparison automatically adjusts the clock phase to the optimum point for data regeneration in the CDR circuit. The receiver IC uses a SiGe bipolar transistor with 60 GHz cutoff frequency. It operates at 10 Gb/s with 660 mW power consumption at 3.3 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetogenic Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Part 108. Dioncophylline D and 8‐O‐Methyldioncophylline D, 7,8′‐Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum peltatum. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SAGE detects microRNA precursors (2006)

The observation that some orphan longSAGE tags uniquely match miRNA precursors provides information about the expression of some known and predicted miRNAs.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Model Autoimmune Disease (1983)

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and necrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts and by chronic cholestasis. The presence of autoantibodies in serum, the association of this disease with other autoimmune diseases, the histologic appearance of typical hepatic lesions, the presence of bile duct lesions that resemble those seen in chronic graft-versus-host disease, and the possible recurrence of a chronic cholestatic syndrome in patients having hepatic transplants indicate that immune mechanisms play a role in the syndrome's pathogenesis. Patients have diminished function of suppressor T cells that may be due to abnormal activation of suppressor T cells caused by interactions with autologous non-T cells. This nonspecific immunologic defect and other immune defects may cause the autoimmune manifestations of primary biliary cirrhosis. Treatments to arrest the disease's progress have included corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclosporin, and D-penicillamine. These treatments, which affect immune functions, have not had a beneficial effect on the disease process. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis is needed to develop specific immunotherapies.
Hole Surface Topography and Tool Wear in CFRP Drilling (2016)

International audience
New Method for Determining the Sugar Composition of Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, and Oligosaccharides by High-performance Liquid Chromatography (1999)

A new method is reported that can be performed within a single vessel to analyze the composition of aldose, hexosamine, and sialic acid residues of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. Glycoconjugates are treated with sialidase or subjected to mild acid hydrolysis, before being treated with N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase to convert the free sialic acid residues to their corresponding N-acylmannosamines. The reaction mixture is then successively subjected to acid hydrolysis (in order to produce monosaccharides), N-acetylation, and conversion with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE). The ABEE-converted monosaccharides are simultaneously determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Determination of the sugar compositions of bovine fetuin, II3NeuGc alpha-LacCer, and 3'-sialyllactose with this method was found to be highly accurate. Linearity of the peak area vs. the amount of bovine fetuin ranged from 1 to 50 micrograms in all ABEE-converted monosaccharides. With a slight modification to this method, sialic acid residues can be separately determined as NeuAc and NeuGc. This novel method and its modified version are used to demonstrate the sugar compositions of alpha 1-acid glycoproteins from several sources.
THE NUMBER OF ISOMERIC HYDROCARBONS OF THE METHANE SERIES (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE NUMBER OF ISOMERIC HYDROCARBONS OF THE METHANE SERIESHenry R. Henze and Charles M. BlairCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 8, 3077–3085Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01359a034Request reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (518 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Redirection algorithms for load sharing in distributed Web-server systems (2003)

Replication of information among multiple World Wide Web servers is necessary to support high request rates to popular Web sites. A clustered Web server organization is preferable to multiple independent mirrored servers because it maintains a single interface to the users and has the potential to be more scalable, fault-tolerant and better load-balanced. In this paper, we propose a Web cluster architecture in which the Domain Name System (DNS) server, which dispatches the user requests among the servers through the URL name to the IP address mapping mechanism, is integrated with a redirection request mechanism based on HTTP. This should alleviate the side-effect of caching the IP address mapping at intermediate name servers. We compare many alternative mechanisms, including synchronous vs. asynchronous activation and centralized vs. distributed decisions on redirection. Moreover, we analyze the reassignment of entire domains or individual client requests, different types of status information and different server selection policies for redirecting requests. Our results show that the combination of centralized and distributed dispatching policies allows the Web server cluster to handle high load skews in the WWW environment.
Spectral line‐by‐line shaping for optical and microwave arbitrary waveform generations (2008)

Abstract Spectral line‐by‐line shaping is a key enabler towards optical arbitrary waveform generation, which promises broad impact both in optical science and technology. In this paper, generation of optical and microwave arbitrary waveforms using the spectral line‐by‐line shaping technique is reviewed. Compared to conventional pulse shaping, significant new physics arises in the line‐by‐line regime, where the shaped pulse fields generated from one laser pulse now overlap with those generated from adjacent pulses. This leads to coherent interference effects related to the properties of optical frequency combs which serve as the source in these experiments. We explore such effects in a series of experiments using several different high‐repetition‐rate optical combs, including harmonically mode‐locked lasers and continuous‐wave lasers that are externally phase modulated either with or without the help of an optical cavity. As an application of line‐by‐line pulse shaping, we describe generation of microwave electrical arbitrary waveforms that can be reprogrammed at rates approaching 10 GHz.
Fatigue of extremely fine bainite (2010)

There is a novel steel invented in which the structure consists of extremely fine platelets of bainitic ferrite dispersed in a matrix of carbon enriched retained austenite. The resulting large density of interfaces makes the alloy very strong in its transformed condition. The authors report the first fatigue tests on this system, by measuring the life of parallel gauged samples tested using cyclic loading in tension, with maximum stresses in the range 1·2–1·6 GPa. A comparison of the results against published data indicates that the performance of the steel is consistent with the behaviour of other strong steels, in spite of the fact that it is produced using an air melting technique.
Expression and secretion of interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐10 by hypoxia‐ and serum‐deprivation‐stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

To understand the potential paracrine roles of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), the expression and secretion of these factors by rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells stimulated by hypoxia (4% oxygen) and serum deprivation (hypoxia/SD) were investigated. We found that hypoxia/SD induced nuclear factor kappa Bp65-dependent IL-1β and TNF-α transcription. Furthermore, hypoxia/SD stimulated the translation of pro-IL-1β and its processing to mature IL-1β, although the translation of TNF-α was unchanged. Unexpectedly, the release of IL-1β and TNF-α from hypoxia/SD-stimulated mesenchymal cells was undetectable unless ATP or lipopolysaccharide was present. This result suggests that IL-1β and TNF-α are not responsible for the paracrine effects of mesenchymal cells under ischaemic conditions. We also found that hypoxia/SD induced the transcription and secretion of IL-10, which were significantly enhanced by lipopolysaccharide and the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Moreover, both the conditioned medium from hypoxia/SD-stimulated mesenchymal cells (MSC-CM) and IL-10 efficiently inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen expression in vitro, suggesting that mesenchymal cell-secreted IL-10 prevents cardiac fibrosis in a paracrine manner under ischaemic conditions. Taken together, these findings may improve understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects of mesenchymal cells.
A wrist cuff method for acquisition and analysis of radial artery waveforms used for blood pressure measuring (2007)

The increasing network traffic often causes various problems depending on different communication\nrequirements in ZigBee. In particular, in a one-to-one communication environment, there exists a data loss\nproblem as the network traffic increases, while in a many-to-one environment, there exists a data congestion\nproblem on a specific device. In this paper, we propose a simple mesh routing (SMR) method as an effective\nsolution to the data loss problem in the one-to-one communication environment. We also present a data\naggregation mechanism (DAM) in order to deal with the data congestion problem in the many-to-one\ncommunication environment. Simulation results are included in order to demonstrate performance improvements\nof the whole network.
Gas-cluster targets for femtosecond laser interaction: Modeling and optimization (2006)

A novel mathematical model for the investigations of a cluster formation process in a gas jet is presented, which enables us to obtain the detailed description of the spatial and temporal distributions of all cluster target parameters. In this model, a cluster target is considered as a two-phase medium, consisting of the continuous gas phase and the discrete condensed phase (clusters). The detailed nozzle geometry is also taken into account in this model. In order to confirm the advantage of the present model over a conventional model, a considerable amount of numerical computations has been carried out and the results are compared with the data obtained from Hagena’s theory [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 2374 (1992)]. Based on the developed modeling, a three-staged nozzle, which cannot be modeled using the conventional model, is designed for the purpose of producing a sufficient amount of micron-sized clusters. The generation of unprecedented amount of keV x rays from the laser-cluster interaction experiments with this nozzle and their accurate intensity dependences on various experimental parameters support the adequateness of the nozzle design.
Detection of objects buried in wet snowpack by an FM-CW radar (1991)

A real-aperture FM-CW radar system was developed for the detection of objects buried in heavily wet snowpack. This radar uses the L-band microwave frequency with a maximum output power of 100 mW and utilizes digital signal processing techniques. A laboratory simulation and two field experiments were carried out to detect and map various objects embedded in the snowpack. It was possible to map a metallic pipe 3 cm in diameter at a depth of 70 cm and a 10*60-cm metallic plate at a depth of 90 cm in natural snowpack. Fundamental detection results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Software engineering [technology analysis and forecast] (1997)

A year ago, the map of software engineering seemed etched in stone. At its imperial center was Microsoft Corp., surrounded by the minor feudal states that had to pay it homage and live under its sway. But by year's end, the Internet had destabilized the empire and it was unclear whether the center would hold. Thus, 1997 will likely be supercharged-with change-mostly for the good of software engineering. It will certainly be a year in which many of the things people have wanted from software will actually be delivered. The author discusses Java, virtual reality, speech processing, security, and software quality.