gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational Changes in the Tryptophan Synthase from a Hyperthermophile upon α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub> Complex Formation:  Crystal Structure of the Complex<sup>,</sup> (2005)

The three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional tryptophan synthase alpha(2)beta(2) complex from Pyrococcus furiosus was determined by crystallographic analysis. This crystal structure, with the structures of an alpha subunit monomer and a beta(2) subunit dimer that have already been reported, is the first structural set in which changes in structure that occur upon the association of the individual tryptophan synthase subunits were observed. To elucidate the structural basis of the stimulation of the enzymatic activity of each of the alpha and beta(2) subunits upon alpha(2)beta(2) complex formation, the conformational changes due to complex formation were analyzed in detail compared with the structures of the alpha monomer and beta(2) subunit dimer. The major conformational changes due to complex formation occurred in the region correlated with the catalytic function of the enzyme as follows. (1) Structural changes in the beta subunit were greater than those in the alpha subunit. (2) Large movements of A46 and L165 in the alpha subunit due to complex formation caused a more open conformation favoring the entry of the substrate at the alpha active site. (3) The major changes in the beta subunit were the broadening of a long tunnel through which the alpha subunit product (indole) is transferred to the beta active site and the opening of an entrance at the beta active site. (4) The changes in the conformations of both the alpha and beta subunits due to complex formation contributed to the stabilization of the subunit association, which is critical for the stimulation of the enzymatic activities.
Scale ratio ICP for 3D point clouds with different scales (2013)

In this paper we propose a method for matching the scales of 3D point clouds. 3D point sets of the same scene obtained by 3D reconstruction techniques usually differ in scale. To match scales, we estimate the ratio of scales of two given 3D point clouds. By performing PCA of spin images over different scales of two point clouds, two sets of cumulative contribution rate curves are generated. Such sets of curves can be considered to characterize the scale of the given 3D point clouds. To find the scale ratio of two point clouds, we register the two sets of curves by using a variant of ICP that estimates the ratio of scales. Simulations with the Stanford bunny and experimental results with 3D reconstructions of artificial and real scenes demonstrate that the ratio of any 3D point clouds can be effectively used for scale matching.
Natural products as kinase inhibitors (2012)

Natural products have been widely used to dissect the basic mechanisms of fundamental life science and as clinical therapeutics. Recently, there has been significant interest in discovering new chemical pharmacophores in natural products to fulfil the vast demand for novel kinase inhibitors and address critical unmet medical needs with respect to signal transduction pathways. In this review, we summarize the history of several different classes of natural product-derived kinase inhibitors, discuss their kinome-wide target profiles and examine their structural binding modes based on available 3D X-ray structures. In particular, their origin, target activity, selectivity, scope and potential therapeutic development are highlighted against the backdrop of medicinal chemistry.
Swimming Endurance Capacity of Mice is Increased by Chronic Consumption of Medium-Chain Triglycerides (1995)

The effect of chronic administration of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on swimming endurance (swim capacity) was investigated in male Std ddY mice. The mice were fed a diet containing 80 g MCT + 20 g long-chain triglycerides (LCT)/kg diet for 6 wk; mice fed diet containing 100 g LCT/kg diet were used as controls. After being accustomed to swimming, the mice were subjected to forced swimming every 2 d in the current water pool that we had developed, and the total swimming period until exhaustion was measured. The total swimming period was used as the index of swim capacity. The group fed MCT showed significantly greater swim capacity than the control group (89.5 +/- 2.5 vs. 80.2 +/- 2.0 min). In another experiment, after 4 wk of MCT diet consumption, significantly greater swim capacity was found in untrained mice. The major metabolic consequences of the adaptations of muscle to prolonged MCT administration during endurance training were higher activities of 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (P < 0.01), citrate synthase (P < 0.1) and malate dehydrogenase (P < 0.1). These findings suggest that increases in the enzyme activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ketone body utilization associated with the chronic administration of an MCT-containing diet enhance swim capacity in mice.
Machine interpretation of CAD data for manufacturing applications (1997)

Machine interpretation of the shape of a component for CAD databases is an important problem in CAD/CAM, computer vision, and intelligent manufacturing. It can be used in CAD/CAM for evaluation of designs, in computer vision for machine recognition and machine inspection of objects, and in intelligent manufacturing for automating and integrating the link between design and manufacturing. This topic has been an active area of research since the late '70s, and a significant number of computational methods have been proposed to identify portions of the geometry of a part having engineering significance (here called “features”). However, each proposed mechanism has been able to solve the problem only for components within a restricted geometric domain (such as polyhedral components), or only for components whose features interact with each other in a restricted manner. The purposes of this article are to review and summarize the development of research on machine recognition of features from CAD data, to discuss the advantages and potential problems of each approach, and to point out some of the promising directions future investigations may take. Since most work in this field has focused on machining features, the article primarily covers those features associated with the manufacturing domain. In order to better understand the state of the art, methods of automated feature recognition are divided into the following categories of methods based on their approach: graph-based, syntactic pattern recognition, rule-based, and volumetric. Within each category we have studied issues such as the definition of features, mechanisms developed for recognition of features, the application scope, and the assumptions made. In addition, the problem is addressed from the perspective of information input requirements and the advantages and disadvantages of boundary representation, constructive solid geometry (CSG), and 2D drawings with respect to machine recognition of features are examined. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms for attacking problems associated with interacting features.
Synthetic Gasoline from Natural Gas: Composition and Quality (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Gasoline from Natural Gas: Composition and QualityF. H. BrunerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 11, 2511–2515Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50479a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50479a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Emergency Calls in the IMS (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Architecture for Supporting Emergency Calls in IMS Establishing an Emergency Call in IMS IMS Registration for Emergency Calls Call Back from the PSAP to a User Anonymous Calls Emergency Calls in Fixed Broadband Accesses
A control system of the wireless microrobots in pipe (2014)

Wireless microrobot have potential to radically accomplish many medical procedures. Various control systems have been proposed, with the magnetic field to obtain the wirelessly power and control the wireless microrobot. In this paper, we use a 3 axes Helmholtz coils to generate a rotational magnetic field, which controls the movement of the wireless microrobot. And a tele-operation system for our proposed wireless microrobot has been developed. The surgeon operates the Phantom Omni device to realize real time control the wireless microrobot. The monitor can also show the data calculated from the magnetic sensor array for obtaining the real time position of the robot. We evaluated the performance of the whole system. And then, we also evaluated the characteristics of wireless microrobot with different conditions including different magnetic flux density changing frequency and different spiral number. Base on the experimental results, we obtained the relationship between the magnetic flux density changing frequency and the moving speed. We realized the real time control and flexible motion using the relationship. The experimental results appear in a good performance on flexibility.
A reliability study of coating materials for brush-painted washable textile RFID tags (2016)

This paper presents a washing reliability study of passive UHF RFID textile tags with three different coating materials. The tag antennas were fabricated by brush-painting silver ink on a 100 % cotton fabric. After attaching the ICs, the ready RFID tags were fully coated with three different protective coating materials: regular textile glue, epoxy coating, and silicone rubber. The coated tags were washed 15 times in a household washing machine and tested wirelessly after each washing cycle. Before washing, all tags exhibited good performance and attainable read ranges of about 10 meters, under the European RFID emission regulation. Based on the reliability test and the measurements, all three protective coating materials can successfully protect the RFID tags from the effects of washing, and especially the textile glue was found to be suitable coating for the brush-painted tags.
Characterization of a highly flexible self‐assembling protein system designed to form nanocages (2013)

The design of proteins that self-assemble into well-defined, higher order structures is an important goal that has potential applications in synthetic biology, materials science, and medicine. We previously designed a two-component protein system, designated A-(+) and A-(-), in which self-assembly is mediated by complementary electrostatic interactions between two coiled-coil sequences appended to the C-terminus of a homotrimeric enzyme with C3 symmetry. The coiled-coil sequences are attached through a short, flexible spacer sequence providing the system with a high degree of conformational flexibility. Thus, the primary constraint guiding which structures the system may assemble into is the symmetry of the protein building block. We have now characterized the properties of the self-assembling system as a whole using native gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and the properties of individual assemblies using cryo-electron microscopy (EM). We show that upon mixing, A-(+) and A-(-) form only six different complexes in significant concentrations. The three predominant complexes have hydrodynamic properties consistent with the formation of heterodimeric, tetrahedral, and octahedral protein cages. Cryo-EM of size-fractionated material shows that A-(+) and A-(-) form spherical particles with diameters appropriate for tetrahedral or octahedral protein cages. The particles varied in diameter in an almost continuous manner suggesting that their structures are extremely flexible.
2.7-&#x003BC;m InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb laser diodes with continuous wave operation up to -39&#x000B0;c (1995)

Continuous and quasi-continuous wave operation of 2.7-μ InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb multi-quantum-well (MQW) lasers was demonstrated up to a temperature of 234 K (-39°C) and 253 K (-20°C), respectively. These devices were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). They tend to operate in a dominant single mode over well defined temperature and current intervals. A comparison of spontaneous emission spectra shows that above threshold the quasi-Fermi level is pinned and that most of the carriers are injected into non-lasing states. This effect leads to a rapid decrease of differential efficiency with increasing temperature.
PADAVAN: Privacy-Aware Data Accumulation for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (2014)

In this paper we introduce PADAVAN, a novel anonymous data collection scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). PADAVAN allows users to submit data anonymously to a data consumer while preventing adversaries from submitting large amounts of bogus data. PADAVAN is comprised of an n-times anonymous authentication scheme, mix cascades and various principles to protect the privacy of the submitted data itself. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of limiting an adversary to a fixed amount of messages.
Atomic Clocks and Variations of the Fine Structure Constant (1995)

We describe a new test for possible variations of the fine structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ by comparisons of rates between clocks based on hyperfine transitions in alkali atoms with different atomic number $Z$. H-maser, Cs, and Hg ${}^{+}$ clocks have a different dependence on $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ via relativistic contributions of order $(Z\ensuremath{\alpha}{)}^{2}$. Recent H-maser vs ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}$ clock comparison data improve laboratory limits on a time variation by 100-fold to give $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}/\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\le}3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}14}/$yr. Future laser cooled clocks (Be ${}^{+}$, Rb, Cs, Hg ${}^{+}$, etc.), when compared, will yield the most sensitive of all tests for $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}/\ensuremath{\alpha}$.
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN CARDIAC SIGNALLING: FROM MITOCHONDRIA TO PLASMA MEMBRANE ION CHANNELS (2006)

1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been considered deleterious to cell function and there is good evidence to suggest that they play a role in the pathophysiology of a number of cardiac disease states. However, ROS are also now being recognized as important regulators of cell function by altering the redox state of proteins. 2. Possible sources of production of ROS in cardiac myocytes are the mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase. The generation of ROS and anti-oxidant defence mechanisms in the heart are discussed. 3. The evidence for a role for ROS in the development of disease states, such as atherosclerosis, ischaemia, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension, is presented. It is now recognized that cardiac ion channel function is regulated by ROS. Implications with respect to cardiac arrhythmia are discussed.
A Simple Weight Decay Can Improve Generalization (1991)

It has been observed in numerical simulations that a weight decay can improve generalization in a feed-forward neural network. This paper explains why. It is proven that a weight decay has two effects in a linear network. First, it suppresses any irrelevant components of the weight vector by choosing the smallest vector that solves the learning problem. Second, if the size is chosen right, a weight decay can suppress some of the effects of static noise on the targets, which improves generalization quite a lot. It is then shown how to extend these results to networks with hidden layers and non-linear units. Finally the theory is confirmed by some numerical simulations using the data from NetTalk.
DATE: A handheld co-robotic device for automated tuning of emitters to enable precision irrigation (2016)

Agriculture accounts for 85% of the world's freshwater usage. Drip irrigation significantly reduces water usage and has been adopted by many farms, orchards, and vineyards. Rubber or PVC tubing is fitted with thousands of drip emitters whose water pressure and flow are controlled by a small number of valves resulting in suboptimal use of water resources. While UAVs and other sensors can be used to determine water needs and compute appropriate emitter settings, it is currently not possible to close the loop: adjusting flow at the individual plant level to compensate for variations in plant and soil properties, elevation, sun-angle, evapotranspiration, drainage, and emitter contamination by dirt or insects. We propose retro-fitting existing systems with low-cost, passive, plastic, screw-adjustable emitters that are commercially available. This paper presents a design for an automated device that would allow passive emitters to be systematically adjusted in the field by human and robot teams to fine-tune water delivery at the plant level. This paper describes the mechatronic design, prototype, and initial experiments with a hand-held version of the device with a coarse-to-fine mechanism to facilitate alignment to passive emitters in the field and precise automated adjustment of flow settings. We report experiments with an implemented prototype that can compensate for orientation error up to ±39 degrees and position error up to ±42:5mm when adjusting a 16mm emitter cap.
<i>Hunchback</i> IS REQUIRED FOR ABDOMINAL IDENTITY SUPPRESSION AND GERMBAND GROWTH IN THE PARTHENOGENETIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF THE PEA APHID, <i>Acyrthosiphon</i> pisum (2013)

Aphid, a short germband insect, displays an embryogenesis different from that of long germband insect species. Furthermore, the development of its parthenogenetic and viviparous embryo is different from that of the embryo resulting from sexual reproduction. To better understand the genetic regulation of this type of embryogenesis, the functions of hunchback in asexual Acyrthosiphon pisum were investigated by parental RNAi. Microinjection of Aphb double-stranded RNA yielded several defective phenotypes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that these defects resulted from reduction of Aphb mRNA level in injected aphids. All these results suggested that the hb gene in parthenogenetic and viviparous Acyrthosiphon pisum was involved in abdominal identity suppression and germband growth as its homologue does in sexual insects.
Bandwidth dimensioning in packet-based aggregation networks (2008)

The paper discusses the bandwidth dimensioning in packet-based aggregation networks. It tackles on the dimensioning of packet link capacities, and theory of application stream collisions. It is demonstrated through experiments and findings.
OAuth 2.0 support for the Kerberos V5 Authentication Protocol (2010)

This draft proposes an OAuth2.0 profile for Kerberos v5. We compare
the Kerberos protocol flow with the OAuth protocol flow and as far as
possible map the relevant parameters in Kerberos to OAuth parameters.
We propose the use of the OAuth 2.0 message flows and its tokens to
carry Kerberos TGTs and Service Tickets in an opaque manner.
Ca2+ Regulation of Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones (1999)

Casade Blue (CB), a fluorescent dye, was used to investigate the dynamics of interactions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal chaperones including calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and ERp57. PDI and ERp57 were labeled with CB, and subsequently, we show that the fluorescence intensity of the CB-conjugated proteins changes upon exposure to microenvironments of a different polarity. CD analysis of the purified proteins revealed that changes in the fluorescence intensity of CB-ERp57 and CB-PDI correspond to conformational changes in the proteins. Using this technique we demonstrate that PDI interacts with calreticulin at low Ca2+ concentration (below 100 microM), whereas the protein complex dissociates at >400 microM Ca2+. These are the Ca2+ concentrations reminiscent of Ca2+ levels found in empty or full ER Ca2+ stores. The N-domain of calreticulin interacts with PDI, but Ca2+ binding to the C-domain of the protein is responsible for Ca2+ sensitivity of the interaction. ERp57 also interacts with calreticulin through the N-domain of the protein. Initial interaction between these proteins is Ca2+-independent, but it is modulated by Ca2+ binding to the C-domain of calreticulin. We conclude that changes in ER lumenal Ca2+ concentration may be responsible for the regulation of protein-protein interactions. Calreticulin may play a role of Ca2+ "sensor" for ER chaperones via regulation of Ca2+-dependent formation and maintenance of structural and functional complexes between different proteins involved in a variety of steps during protein synthesis, folding, and post-translational modification.
Hydroxylation of Δ<sup>4</sup>-steroids by osmium tetraoxide; stereochemistry and substituent effects (1977)

Hydroxylation of cholest-4-ene by osmium tetraoxide leads preferentially to the 4β,5β-diol; this preference is even more pronounced in the case of 3α-acetoxycholest-4-ene. By contrast, α-attack is favoured in the case of 3β-acetoxycholest-4-ene. Similar results have been obtained in an analogous 19-nor series, but with a slightly greater proportion of β-attack in all comparable cases. It is suggested that the ring A conformation of the reactant or a derived complex is the primary factor determining the stereoselectivity of the reaction. The major role of a proximate substituent is to anchor the appropriate conformation favouring α- or β-attack. This argument is supported by the results of hydroxylation of 2α- and 2β-acetoxycholest-4-ene.
Characterization of the Leukocyte Response in Acute Vocal Fold Injury (2015)

Macrophages location in the superficial layer of the vocal fold (VF) is not only at the first line of defense, but in a place of physiologic importance to voice quality. This study characterizes and compares macrophage function in two models of acute injury. Porcine VF injuries were created bilaterally by either surgical biopsy or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1.5 μg/kg) injection. Animals were sacrificed at 1- or 5-day post LPS or 3-, 7-, or 23-days post-surgical injury (n = 3/time/injury). Flow cytometry characterized immunophenotypes and RT-PCR quantified cytokine gene expression. Uninjured VF were used as controls. Post-surgical and LPS injury, SWC9+/SWC3- cells identified as hi SLA-DR+ (p<0.05) compared to controls along with hi CD16+ expression at 1-day and 3-days respectively compared to all other time points (p<0.05). Surgical injuries, SWC9+/SWC3- cells exhibited hi CD163+ (p<0.05) at 3-days along with upregulation in TNFα and TGFβ1 mRNA compared to 23-days (p<0.05). No measurable changes to IL-12, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-4 mRNA post-surgery. LPS injuries induced upregulation of TNFα, IL-12, IFNγ, IL-10, and IL-4 mRNA at 1- and 5-days compared to controls (p<0.05). Higher levels of IL-10 mRNA were found 1-day post-LPS compared to 5-days (p<0.05). No changes to CD163 or CD80/86 post-LPS were measured. Acute VF injuries revealed a paradigm of markers that appear to associate with each injury. LPS induced a regulatory phenotype indicated by prominent IL-10 mRNA expression. Surgical injury elicited a complex phenotype with early TNFα mRNA and CD163+ and persistent TGFβ1 transcript expression.