gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and partial characterisation of barley glutamyl‐tRNA<sup>Glu</sup> reductase, the enzyme that directs glutamate to chlorophyll biosynthesis (1994)

5-Aminolevulinic acid for chlorophyll synthesis in greening barley is formed from glutamate. One of the steps involved in the conversion of glutamate to 5-aminolevulinic acid involves a reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde and tRNA(Glu). An enzyme catalysing this reduction was purified from the stroma of greening barley chloroplasts. An approximately 270-kDa protein composed of 54-kDa identical subunits was identified as the barley glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) reductase after purification by Sephacryl S-300, Cibacron Blue-Sepharose, 2'-5'-ADP-Sepharose, Mono S, Mini Q and Superose 12 chromatography. The sequence of 18 amino acids from the N-terminus of the reductase is 50% identical to a cDNA-deduced domain of the Arabidopsis thaliana hemA protein and encoded in a barley hemA cDNA sequence. This is an unequivocal demonstration that the glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) reductase subunit of higher plants is encoded in a hemA gene of the nuclear genome. Heme at 4 microM concentration or glutamate 1-semialdehyde at 200 microM caused a 50% inhibition of the reductase activity. Micromolar concentrations of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ also inhibited barley glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) reductase.
3D heterogeneous integration technology using hot via MMIC and silicon interposer with millimeter wave application (2017)

The block diagram of 3D heterogeneous integration using hot-via LNA, silicon interposer, PCB is presented in this paper. Several broadband vertical transitions between up and down are simulated and optimized by EM simulator. The vertical transition works well from DC to 40GHz, the return loss is better than 15 dB; the insertion loss of each single transition is less than 1 dB. The LNA operating at Ka band using hot via technology is also presented and assembled onto the silicon substrate and multilayer PCB. This stacked LNA module shows the good performance and reasonable agreement with on wafer measurement of normal LNA.
Formation mechanism of ultrafine alumina particle from NH3 gas-AlCl3 solution. (1979)

It was reported in previous paper that the ultrafine particles of alumina gel of less than 100Å were obtained from colloidal solution of aluminum hydroxide which was prepared by absorbing NH3 gas diluted with N2 gas through the surface of the AlCl3 solution being stirred vigorously in a flask.A formation mechanism of the ultrafine particles is that the solubility of Al3+ in liquid film decreases abruptly by absorbing NH3 gas, so that the high supersaturation ratio of Al(OH)3 produces and the nucleation rate increases up to its limit.An equation for the particle volume was conducted under the condition of high supersaturated state.The remarkable weight loss was observed at 280°C in vacuum thermogravimetry curve and discussed from the viewpoint of formation mechanism.The alumina formed at 600°C in a vacuum was more amorphous than that from conventional method.
Tenascin and extracellular matrix glycoproteins: from promotion to polarization of neurite growth in vitro (1993)

The extracellular matrix molecules tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin, the cell adhesion molecule L1, and the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) were tested for their effects on neuritogenesis in cultures of hippocampal neurons. We analyzed neurite outgrowth between 3 and 21 hr after plating and found that, on polyornithine as control substrate, lengths of axon-like major neurites and dendrite-like minor neurites increased continuously with time in culture. Moreover, growth of minor neurites was faster than growth of major neurites. When the extracellular matrix molecules tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin were coated on polyornithine substrates, growth of all neurites was faster than on control substrates during the first hours of culture. After this initial phase of enhanced neurite outgrowth, elongation of major neurites continued at a higher rate than on the control substrate and growth of minor neurites ceased after 12 hr. Correspondingly, neuronal polarity was strongly increased on the extracellular matrix substrates during later phases of culture. In contrast, lengths of both major and minor neurites were increased over control values on L1 and ConA substrates at all time points investigated. Thus, neuronal polarity was similar for control, L1, and ConA substrates. Spreading of neuronal cell bodies was reduced by about 50% on tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin and by less than 20% on L1 and ConA substrates after 21 hr of culture, when compared to the control substrate. Neuron-to-substrate adhesion was reduced on all three extracellular matrix substrates but not affected on L1 or ConA substrates, after 3 and 21 hr of culture. These observations indicate that induction of neuronal polarity is not a general feature of neurite outgrowth-promoting molecules, such as L1 or ConA, but a distinctive property of the three extracellular matrix glycoproteins studied, and may suggest that enhancement of polarity is correlated with decreased strength of adhesion.
French Attitudes and British Expectations (2000)

These words were written on 24 June 1953 as the longest political crisis in the history of the Fourth Republic – it had lasted five weeks – was about to end in the formation of a new government. As André Siegfried later explained, there was no coherent majority in the predominantly right-wing National Assembly. Every time a government fell – a frequent occurrence – an ad hoc majority had to be cobbled together by the next coalition cabinet: not to support a particular party, but to endorse a programme embodying the lowest common denominator of diverse political objectives. This crisis had lasted longer than most because it had no single cause, only a multiplicityof conflicting grievances, some more urgent and important than others: 'trois questions fondamentales, mettant chacune en cause l'intérêt national … politique économique … l'Europe … l'lndochine, ce boulet qu'on traîne avec une impatience croissante'.2KeywordsPrime MinisterForeign MinisterLower Common DenominatorMilitary EffortFrench AttitudeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Strategies for the Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxy Phosphines - A Class of Versatile Ligands and Ligand Precursors for Asymmetric Catalysis (1997)

In this review, the numerous possibilities for the synthesis of chiral hydroxy phosphines representing a class of unique ligands and ligand precursors for homogeneous asymmetric catalysis are discussed. Different approaches for the generation of hydroxy phosphines such as "chiral pool" syntheses, reactions employing chiral auxiliaries and ring-opening reactions are considered. Particular attention is drawn to the temporary protection of hydroxy and phosphine groups necessary during several synthetic sequences. Subsequently, transformations of the title compounds will be presented, including reactions with transition metals. In distinguished examples, scope and limitation of the ligands in asymmetric catalysis are briefly discussed.
Brachial Vascular Reactivity in Blacks (2000)

Endothelial function was studied ultrasonographically in a healthy subset of African Americans (blacks) because they have an increased risk of hypertension and vascular disease. Twenty-four healthy black and 28 well-matched white subjects were investigated. Ischemia was induced by inflating a cuff over the forearm to 40 mm Hg higher than systolic pressure for 5 minutes. Brachial artery diameter and blood flow velocity were measured at baseline and at 15, 45, and 60 seconds after deflation by use of an Acuson 128XP10 ultrasonograph with a 7.5 MHz transducer. Mean postischemic dilatation, an index of endothelial function, was 1.76+/-0.56% in blacks and 8.79+/-1.22% in whites (P<0.001). Median postischemic vasodilatation in black men [0% (0% to 2.86%)] was not significantly different to that in black women [0.82% (0% to 3.14%)], whereas white women [11.48% (8.70% to 14.29%)] dilated significantly more than white men [4.20% (2.13% to 5.56%)] (P<0.05). Both groups dilated significantly over baseline diameter to sublingual nitroglycerin administration 18.7+/-2.5% (blacks) and 20.2+/-3.2% (whites; P=NS). Mean hyperemic responses did not differ significantly between the 2 subject groups, nor did they differ between men and women of both ethnic groups. We conclude that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is significantly impaired in healthy, young blacks compared with whites and that gender differences are not seen in blacks with regard to this phenomenon. An impairment in endothelium-dependent NO generation may be a contributing factor to future hypertension and vascular disease in healthy blacks.
Has the Academic Performance of Low Socioeconomic Students and Students from Ethnic Minorities Improved in the Subject of Economics over the First Five Years of a Standards-Based Assessment Regime? (2011)

This article aims to establish whether the first five years of full implementation of the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) has seen improvement in the achievement of students from low socioeconomic status (SES) schools, and from ethnic minorities, in the subject of economics. The findings show that the academic performance of low-SES students in economics has significantly worsened from 2004 to 2008. When data are stratified by ethnicity and SES status, Asian students have seen an increase in academic performance in economics across all SES groupings. Pacific Island students have seen no significant change in their academic performance in economics for low-and medium-decile school students, but a significant improvement in academic performance for students from high-decile schools. Maori students have seen significant improvement in academic performance in economics in medium- and high-decile schools, but have experienced a significant deterioration in academic performance in low-decile schools. There has also been a large decrease in the number of students from low-SES schools taking the subject of economics. This raises questions around the relevance and suitability of the current secondary school economics curriculum to low-SES students, as well as around its suitability for the new NCEA assessment regime.
Synthesis and reactions of 1,1-diiododinitroethylene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of 1,1-diiododinitroethyleneKurt Baum, Sean S. Bigelow, Nguyen Nghi Van, Thomas G. Archibald, Richard Gilardi, Judith L. Flippen-Anderson, and Clifford GeorgeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 235–241Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00027a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views701Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Plane waves and structures in turbulent channel flow (1990)

A direct simulation of turbulent flow in a channel is analyzed by the method of empirical eigenfunctions (Karhunen–Loève procedure, proper orthogonal decomposition). This analysis reveals the presence of propagating plane waves in the turbulent flow. The velocity of propagation is determined by the flow velocity at the location of maximal Reynolds stress. The analysis further suggests that the interaction of these waves appears to be essential to the local production of turbulence via bursting or sweeping events in the turbulent boundary layer, with the additional suggestion that the fast acting plane waves act as triggers.
Structure-Based Optimization of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Transaminase Enzyme (BioA) Inhibitors that Target Biotin Biosynthesis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2017)

The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase BioA catalyzes the second step in the biosynthesis of biotin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is an essential enzyme for bacterial survival and persistence in vivo. A promising BioA inhibitor 6 containing an N-aryl, N'-benzoylpiperazine scaffold was previously identified by target-based whole-cell screening. Here, we explore the structure-activity relationships (SAR) through the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a systematic series of analogues of the original hit using a structure-based drug design strategy, which was enabled by cocrystallization of several analogues with BioA. To confirm target engagement and discern analogues with off-target activity, each compound was evaluated against wild-type (WT) Mtb in biotin-free and -containing medium as well as BioA under- and overexpressing Mtb strains. Conformationally constrained derivative 36 emerged as the most potent analogue with a K<sub>D</sub> of 76 nM against BioA and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.7 μM (0.6 μg/mL) against Mtb in biotin-free medium.
Improved isolation of murine hepatocytes for in vitro malaria liver stage studies (2007)

The procedure described allows reproducible recovery of one to three million hepatocytes per preparation with cell purity of about 90% as determined by FACS analysis. Completion of the protocol is usually achieved in about four hours per preparation and pooling is suggested for multiple preparations of larger number of cells.
The Treatment of Hydrofluoric Acid Burns (1996)

Hydrofluoric acid is a colourless or almost colourless, fuming liquid having a highly caustic and corrosive effect on organic tissue. Many kinds of hydrofluoric acid in concentrations are used in Industrial processes and laboratory uses because of its useful chemical properties. Hydrofluoric acid causes severe and painful burns to the skin and eyes. In this paper, the immediate symptoms, the typical treatments in the literature, first aid and therapy of hydrofluoric acid burns are reviewed.
A cost-effective, high-bandwidth storage architecture (1998)

This paper describes the Network-Attached Secure Disk (NASD) storage architecture, prototype implementations oj NASD drives, array management for our architecture, and three, filesystems built on our prototype. NASD provides scalable storage bandwidth without the cost of servers used primarily, for transferring data from peripheral networks (e.g. SCSI) to client networks (e.g. ethernet). Increasing datuset sizes, new attachment technologies, the convergence of peripheral and interprocessor switched networks, and the increased availability of on-drive transistors motivate and enable this new architecture. NASD is based on four main principles: direct transfer to clients, secure interfaces via cryptographic support, asynchronous non-critical-path oversight, and variably-sized data objects. Measurements of our prototype system show that these services can be cost-effectively integrated into a next generation disk drive ASK. End-to-end measurements of our prototype drive andfilesysterns suggest that NASD cun support conventional distributed filesystems without performance degradation. More importantly, we show scaluble bandwidth for NASD-specialized filesystems. Using a parallel data mining application, NASD drives deliver u linear scaling of 6.2 MB/s per clientdrive pair, tested with up to eight pairs in our lab.
Purification and Substrate Specificity of Transglutaminases from Blood and <i>Streptoverticillium mobaraense</i> (2001)

A procedure for a fast and simple purification of bovine plasma transglutaminase was developed, which resulted in a homogeneous enzyme preparation. Two different procedures were developed for the purification of pig erythrocyte transglutaminase, both of which resulted in partial purification. Both enzymes were used in cross-linking reactions of alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, casein, hemoglobin, glycinin, and myosin. The substrate specificity was compared to that of bacterial transglutaminase isolated from Streptoverticillium mobaraense. The bacterial transglutaminase caused cross-linking of a wider range of proteins and, thus, exhibited a lower substrate specificity than the blood transglutaminases. In addition, differences exist in the necessity of the addition of reducing agents. These differences allow specific applications of blood and bacterial transglutaminases at protein cross-linking in single or complex protein systems.
Complement in Autoimmunity (2003)

Complement protein expression and activation control central aspects of the normal B cell response. Imbalances in these processes invariably lead to autoimmune disease. Complement activation causes tissue damage in a number of ways and may by itself lead to autoimmune disease. Although the use of complement activation inhibitors in the treatment of
Minimal-total-processing time drum and disk scheduling disciplines (1974)

This article investigates the application of minimal-total-processing-time (MTPT) scheduling disciplines to rotating storage units when random arrival of requests is allowed. Fixed-head drum and moving-head disk storage units are considered, and emphasis is placed on the relative merits of the MTPT scheduling discipline with respect to the shortest-latency-time-first (SLTF) scheduling discipline. The results of the simulation studies presented show that neither scheduling discipline is unconditionally superior to the other. For most fixed-head drum applications, the SLTF discipline is preferable to MTPT, but for intra-cylinder disk scheduling the MTPT discipline offers a distinct advantage over the SLTF discipline. The computational requirements of an algorithm that implements the MTPT scheduling discipline are shown to be comparable to SLTF algorithms. In both cases, the sorting procedure is the most time-consuming phase of the algorithm.
Preferential Attachment of Specific Fluorescent Dyes and Dye Labeled DNA Sequences in a Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Multiplex (2015)

A significant advantage of using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for DNA detection is the capability to detect multiple analytes simultaneously within the one sample. However, as the analytes approach the metallic surface required for SERS, they become more concentrated and previous studies have suggested that different dye labels will have different affinities for the metal surface. Here, the interaction of single stranded DNA labeled with either fluorescein (FAM) or tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) with a metal surface, using spermine induced aggregated silver nanoparticles as the SERS substrate, is investigated by analyzing the labels separately and in mixtures. Comparison studies were also undertaken using the dyes in their free isothiocyanate forms, fluorescein isothiocyanate (F-ITC) and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TR-ITC). When the two dyes are premixed prior to the addition of nanoparticles, TAMRA exerts a strong masking effect over FAM due to a stronger affinity for the metal surface. When parameters such as order of analyte addition, analysis time, and analyte concentration are investigated, the masking effect of TAMRA is still observed but the extent changes depending on the experimental parameters. By using bootstrap estimation of changes in SERS peak intensity, a greater insight has been achieved into the surface affinity of the two dyes as well as how they interact with each other. It has been shown that the order of addition of the analytes is important and that specific dye related interactions occur, which could greatly affect the observed SERS spectra. SERS has been used successfully for the simultaneous detection of several analytes; however, this work has highlighted the significant factors that must be taken into consideration when planning a multiple analyte assay.
Physical-Layer Security for Mobile Users in NOMA-Enabled Visible Light Communication Networks (2020)

In view of the secrecy requirements of visible light communication (VLC) and the massive connectivity demand of future communication, this work investigates physical-layer security (PLS) for a VLC network based on nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). To date, however, research on PLS in NOMA-enabled VLC networks considers only users in a static state. The movements of users make it imperative to dynamically allocate optical access points (OAPs) and transmit power to mobile users (MUs). Such a resource allocation problem is transformed into the problem of dynamically allocating power in this paper. Thus, joint secure communication and power allocation optimization is formulated to maximize the network secrecy performance in each time frame subject to the constraint of the maximum power of OAPs and the constraint of power allocation based on NOMA among the associated MUs at each OAP. The formulated joint optimization problem is generally nonconvex because the logarithmic subtraction operation exists in the secrecy capacity, and we cannot directly find the optimal solution. A hierarchical power allocation algorithm is naturally proposed based on an iterative security-aware water-filling approach and the optimality conditions of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker. Convergence and effectiveness are investigated for the presented power allocation algorithms through simulations. The simulation results show that the network sum secrecy capacity depends on the number of MUs, the characteristics of the optical transceiver, and the number of OAPs deployed in the room.
Influence of altitude hypoxia on hemostatic function of vascular endothelial cell (1997)

83 cases of donors of Lasa residents and healthy residents migrated to Lasa were selected.All of them were divided into four groups,group I:23 cases of blood donors;group II:19 cases of unacclimatized residents,migrated duration from 2 to 6 months;group III:20 cases of acclimatized residents,migrated duration from 7 months to 10 years,group IV:21 cases of migrated residents from 11 to 30 years.The peripheral venous blood samples were taken for measurement of circulating endothelial cells(CEC) count,von Willebrand factor(vWF) activity,tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity.The parameters of all groups were compared with normal values of residents at sea level.CEC count increased more apparently than rdsidents at sea level (P<0.01),increased in group III more markedly than group I and II.vWF activity increased obviously in group II most significantly compared with that of residents at sea level(P<0.01).t-PA activity decreased in all groups,especially in group III.PAI activity in all groups was higher than normal value of resident at sea level.
Synthesis of poly(anthra-9,10-quinone-2,6-diyl) (1998)

G. Power and P. Hodge, Chem. Commun., 1998, 873 DOI: 10.1039/A800883C