gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Buried Unpaired Cysteines in a Recombinant Monoclonal IgG1 Antibody (2012)

The heterogeneity in therapeutic antibodies arising from buried unpaired cysteines has not been well studied. This paper describes the characterization of two unpaired cysteines in a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (referred to as mAb A). The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis of mAb A samples showed three distinct peaks, indicating the presence of three species. The heterogeneities observed in the RP-HPLC have been determined to arise from unpaired cysteines (Cys-22 and Cys-96) that are buried in the V(H) domain. The Fab containing free thiols (referred to as "free-thiol Fab") and the Fab containing the disulfide (referred to as "intact Fab") of mAb A were generated through limited Lys-C digestion and purified with an ion exchange chromatography method. The binding of free-thiol Fab and intact Fab to its antigen was measured in a cell-based binding assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The unpaired cysteines in the Fab of mAb A were found to have no significant impact on the binding to its target. Consistent with these Fab binding data, the enriched intact mAb A containing free thiols was determined to be fully active in a potency assay. The data reported here demonstrate that the redox status of cysteines is potentially a major source of heterogeneity for an antibody.
Performance comparison of limited feedback codebook-based downlink beamforming schemes for Distributed Antenna Systems (2009)

In this paper, we consider limited feedback codebook-based downlink beamforming involving two remote antenna units with two antennas each transmitting to a single-antenna mobile terminal. A central unit to which the two remote antenna units are connected enables centralized joint beamforming. We consider different practical channel scenarios that may arise in distributed antenna systems and gauge the performance of the Grassmannian, Kerdock and Unitary-DFT codebooks. We then compare the performance when modified code books that exploit information such as transmit antenna correlation are used. We conclude the paper by listing the strengths and drawbacks of each of the three codebooks.
Copper oxide resistive switching memory for e-textile (2011)

A resistive switching memory suitable for integration into textiles is demonstrated on a copper wire network. Starting from copper wires, a Cu/CuxO/Pt sandwich structure is fabricated. The active oxide film is produced by simple thermal oxidation of Cu in atmospheric ambient. The devices display a resistance switching ratio of 102 between the high and low resistance states. The memory states are reversible and retained over 107 seconds, with the states remaining nondestructive after multiple read operations. The presented device on the wire network can potentially offer a memory for integration into smart textile.
Structure and transport properties of microcrystalline SiGe films (2002)

Amorphous Sil-xGex films (x=O, 0.25, 0.5,0.75 and 1, having Boron concentrations of 5.1018, 5.1019 and 5-1$Ocm-3), were deposited at low temperature by a molecular beam processing on SiO2/Si(001) substrates. Samples were studied by in-situ TEM and in-situ XRD to follow the crystallization process. In addition, transport properties were studied in samples which were annealed in vacuum by a hot-wall furnace at temperatures between 500 to 90O0C for 1 hour. The microstructure of B-doped SiGe films is characterized by a relatively large grain size (about lpm). The si0.5Gf!Q5 films have a rather high and temperature independent Hdl mobility (25 to 60 cm2Nsec), Seebeck coefficient (-150 to 250 pV/K at m m temperature) and conductivity ((200 to 2000 (Ohm.cm)-l at m m temperature). Therefore, the highly-doped pc-SiGe films that we produce in the present research project show transport characteristics comparable to the sintered SiGe materials for thermoelectric applications.
Optimal robot arm control using the minimum variance model (2005)

Abstract Models of human movement from computational neuroscience provide a starting point for building a system that can produce flexible adaptive movement on a robot. There have been many computational models of human upper limb movement put forward, each attempting to explain one or more of the stereotypical features that characterize such movements. While these models successfully capture some of the features of human movement, they often lack a compelling biological basis for the criteria they choose to optimize. One that does provide such a basis is the minimum variance model (and its extension—task optimization in the presence of signal‐dependent noise). Here, the variance of the hand position at the end of a movement is minimized, given that the control signals on the arm's actuators are subject to random noise with zero mean and variance proportional to the amplitude of the signal. Since large control signals, required to move fast, would have higher amplitude noise, the speed‐accuracy trade‐off emerges as a direct result of the optimization process. We chose to implement a version of this model that would be suitable for the control of a robot arm, using an optimal control scheme based on the discrete‐time linear quadratic regulator. This implementation allowed us to examine the applicability of the minimum variance model to producing humanlike movement. In this paper, we describe our implementation of the minimum variance model, both for point‐to‐point reaching movements and for more complex trajectories involving via points. We also evaluate its performance in producing humanlike movement and show its advantages over other optimization based models (the well‐known minimum jerk and minimum torque‐change models) for the control of a robot arm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum nondemolition photon detection in circuit QED and the quantum Zeno effect (2009)

We analyze the detection of itinerant photons using a quantum nondemolition measurement. An important example is the dispersive detection of microwave photons in circuit quantum electrodynamics, which can be realized via the nonlinear interaction between photons inside a superconducting transmission line resonator. We show that the back action due to the continuous measurement imposes a limit on the detector efficiency in such a scheme. We illustrate this using a setup where signal photons have to enter a cavity in order to be detected dispersively. In this approach, the measurement signal is the phase shift imparted to an intense beam passing through a second cavity mode. The restrictions on the fidelity are a consequence of the quantum Zeno effect, and we discuss both analytical results and quantum trajectory simulations of the measurement process.
Synthesis of new zeolite structures (2015)

The search for new zeolites is of continuous interest in the field of zeolite science because of their widespread application in catalysis and adsorption-separation. To this end, considerable efforts have been devoted to the preparation of new zeolites with novel porous architectures and compositions. Taking account of the key factors governing the formation of zeolites (e.g., guest species, framework elements, construction processes, etc.), several synthetic strategies have been developed recently. These allow the discovery of many new zeolites with unprecedented structural features, such as hierarchical pores, odd-ring numbers (11-, 15-rings), extra-large pores (16-, 18-, 20-, 28-, and 30-rings), chiral pores, and extremely complex framework topologies, etc. In this review, we will present the advances in the synthesis of new zeolite structures in the last decade, which are achieved by utilization of the synthetic strategies based on pre-designed structure-directing agents, heteroatom substitution, and topotactic transformations.
The Genetic Architecture of Maize Flowering Time (2009)

Flowering time is a complex trait that controls adaptation of plants to their local environment in the outcrossing species Zea mays (maize). We dissected variation for flowering time with a set of 5000 recombinant inbred lines (maize Nested Association Mapping population, NAM). Nearly a million plants were assayed in eight environments but showed no evidence for any single large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Instead, we identified evidence for numerous small-effect QTLs shared among families; however, allelic effects differ across founder lines. We identified no individual QTLs at which allelic effects are determined by geographic origin or large effects for epistasis or environmental interactions. Thus, a simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis.
The Milk-Influence of Breast Tumors in Mice (1942)

Females of the fostered C3H strain and the BAF(1) hybrid generation, having a normal incidence of breast tumors of 1-2 per cent., were given, by mouth or injection, filtrates (Seitz filter) or extracts of glycerinated-treated tissue containing the active milk-influence for the development of spontaneous breast cancer. Sixty-three experimental mice were observed to have an incidence of 41 per cent. Thirty-six mice received unfiltered or untreated material and have had an incidence of 67 per cent. Many of the mice of each group are still living. Previous studies indicated that the active milk-influence would not become inactive following desiccation.(4) Following ultracentrifugation the active influence appeared in traces, if at all, in the fat fraction and in the final supernatant fluid, and it is possible that the active agent is a colloid of high molecular weight.(5).
Novel Fluorescent Label For Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay (1988)

Several workers have recently shown that time-resolved methods (or their frequency domain analogs) can offer significant improvements in the sensitivity of fluorescence immunoassays. However, the fluorescent labels most often used, chelates of terbium and europium have some drawbacks. We have developed a new fluorescent label with improved characteristics for such immunoassays, including excitation in the visible by laser sources, no requirement for a separate "enhancer solution", good time resolution characteristics, and the capability to be passively concentrated out of solution in front of the detector optics.
Isolation of a Novel Promoter for Efficient Protein Production in<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (2004)

A novel protein overexpression system of Aspergillus oryzae was constructed. Five promoters which originate from A. oryzae expressed sequence tag (EST) clones in submerged culture were obtained by genome walking. These were subjected to beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assays. The promoter of manganese superoxide dismutase-encoding gene (sodM) showed the most GUS production. The sodM gene was abundantly expressed in submerged culture but little expressed in solid-state culture. The sodM promoter was approximately 3-fold induced by the addition of 0.01% H2O2. Glucoamylase production in A. oryzae using the sodM promoter led to secretion of approximately 1 g/l-broth in Czapek-Dox medium for 3 d. Fucose lectin production in A. oryzae using the sodM promoter led to overexpression as a specific and abundant intracellular protein.
A perspective on medical infrared imaging (2005)

Since the early days of thermography in the 1950s, image processing techniques, sensitivity of thermal sensors and spatial resolution have progressed greatly, holding out fresh promise for infrared (IR) imaging techniques. Applications in civil, industrial and healthcare fields are thus reaching a high level of technical performance. The relationship between body temperature and disease was documented since 400 bc. In many diseases there are variations in blood flow, and these in turn affect the skin temperature. IR imaging offers a useful and non-invasive approach to the diagnosis and treatment (as therapeutic aids) of many disorders, in particular in the areas of rheumatology, dermatology, orthopaedics and circulatory abnormalities. This paper reviews many usages (and hence the limitations) of thermography in biomedical fields.
New crop developments for industrial oils (1979)

Abstract Traditional industrial fats and oils are derived from inedible tallow or lard, fish and whale oil, and a small group of plant oils, including linseed, soybean, castor, tung, tall, and rapeseed oil. A group of new crops and prospective new crops is available to be utilized advantageously for the production of renewable industrial resources. Some of these plants have been studied extensively from germplasm variation through crop production and processing to evaluation of the final oil and meal products. Others are not developed that far yet. Case histories on Cramble, Limnanthes, Lunaria (long chain acids), Lesquerella (hydroxy acids), Stokesia and Vernonia (epoxy acids), Calendula (conjugated unsaturation), Cuphea (short chain acids), jojoba (liquid wax esters), and Foeniculum (petroselenic acid) indicate that many obstacles must be overcome to arrive at success.
Arginine deprivation in cancer therapy (2014)

Arg deprivation is a promising approach for the treatment of various malignancies.
Increased Phosphorus Uptake by Wheat and Field Beans Inoculated with a Phosphorus-Solubilizing <i>Penicillium bilaji</i> Strain and with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (1987)

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to test the effect of a P-solubilizing isolate of Penicillium bilaji on the availability of Idaho rock phosphate (RP) in a calcareous soil. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, inoculation of soils with P. bilaji along with RP at 45 mug of P per g of soil resulted in plant dry matter production and P uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) that were not significantly different from the increases in dry matter production and P uptake caused by the addition of 15 mug of P per g of soil as triple superphosphate. Addition of RP alone had no effect on plant growth. Addition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was necessary for maximum effect in the sterilized soil in the greenhouse experiment. Under field conditions, a treatment consisting of RP (20 kg of P per ha of soil) plus P. bilaji plus straw resulted in wheat yields and P uptake equivalent to increases due to the addition of monoammonium phosphate added at an equivalent rate of P. RP added alone had no effect on wheat growth or P uptake. The results indicate that a biological system of RP solubilization can be used to increase the availability of RP added to calcareous soils.
Exploiting machine learning strategies and RSSI for localization in wireless sensor networks: A survey (2017)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the wireless sensor networks (WSN) for a variety of applications such as the localization and real time positioning. Different approaches based on artificial intelligence are applied to solve common issues in WSN and improve network performance. This paper addresses a survey on machine learning techniques for localization in WSNs using Received Signal Strength Indicator.
Segregation and defect termination of fluorine at SiO2/Si interfaces (1993)

Segregation of fluorine in a SiO2/Si structure has been examined with respect to depth profile and paramagnetic defects at the SiO2/Si interface. The fluorine distribution was found to be restricted to a narrow (less than 35 Å) interface region on the oxide side. Furthermore, a greater amount of fluorine segregation was observed for (111) than for (100) interfaces. These observations suggest that fluorine segregation is caused by intrinsic defects in the interface region and that fluorine atoms terminate the defects. In fact, electron spin resonance measurements provide direct confirmation that fluorine atoms terminate the trivalent Si dangling bonds at the interface.
Susceptibility of glass-reinforced epoxy laminate to conductive anodic filamentation. (2004)

Conductive Anodic Filamentation (CAF) is a subsurface failure mode for woven glass-reinforced laminate (FR4) materials, in which a copper salt filament grows and results in a consequential electrical short between plated through-hole (PTH) walls or adjacent copper planes. In this study FR4 laminates, in the form of high PTH density multi-layer test circuits, were exposed to different manufacturing conditions and studied for resistance to CAF initiation and growth. CAF performance was assessed using high temperature and humidity conditions to promote failures, with a voltage applied across adjacent vias. By application of a range of voltages and via geometries the basis for a performance map for laminates was obtained for use in materials comparison. The changes due to exposure of laminates to lead-free temperatures and other processing steps were then examined using the technique, and a number of important recommendations made regarding minimising the possibility of CAF initiation and growth.
Scalable and Resilient Application Sharing System for Internet Collaboration (2001)

Increased desktop processing power and network bandwidth have made feasible distributed multimedia collaborative systems. Such systems are characterized by video, audio and data exchanges. While there has been much research and development of protocols and services for video and audio transmission, less work has been focused on data sharing particularly when the data is being generated by an application in real time and in turns controlled by one or more of the participants in the collaborative session. While sharing the view of an application can be thought of as a kind of video stream, the unique characteristics of these dynamic images require new algorithms and transmission protocols to achieve legibility and size dynamic. This paper describes a protocol and its implementation for sharing desktop applications in a distributed collaborative session. Key objectives of this protocol are scalability and resilience to dropped packages and to participants joining and leaving a session. We describe design decisions and give results demonstrating the effect two different compression algorithms and protocol parameters. Finally, Odust a tool sharing system built on the implementation of shared application views is described. 1.
Towards a Model-Driven Solution to the Vendor Lock-In Problem in Cloud Computing (2013)

Due to the heterogeneity of today's cloud providers, migrating applications between providers is extremely challenging. This lack of portability is caused, in part, by vendor lock-in: the strong dependency created between a cloud user and a cloud provider since the cloud user deploys their software on a specific cloud platform. This paper outlines our plans to address vendor lock-in by applying techniques from the area of model-driven engineering (MDE), a contemporary and principled approach to software engineering that has sometimes been used to achieve greater portability of software. This paper presents preliminary models of two widely used IaaS services and an analysis of literature reporting real cases of software migration, and introduces a research question and method for our future work on using MDE to address vendor lock-in for cloud computing.
An electrostatically actuated polymer microvalve equipped with a movable membrane electrode (1997)

An electrostatically actuated polymer microvalve with a movable membrane electrode is presented. The microvalve cases are made by thermal injection molding of conductive polyamide. The movable membrane acting as an electrode consists of two insulating layers with a conductive layer in between. The three layers are patterned differently and transferred from a silicon wafer to the valve case in a batch process. The case of the microvalve and the three-layer membrane are joined by adhesive injected into cavities in the case. The three-layer membrane is moved electrostatically by a suitable voltage applied between the case and the membrane. The membrane of thickness is attracted to the upper or the lower valve chamber, thus opening or closing the inlet of the microvalve. The microvalve has an outer diameter of 5 mm and is 3 mm thick. The membrane electrode is moved when the voltage applied is approximately 60 - 150 V. Volume flows of up to 0.2 are attained at a differential pressure of 1100 hPa.
<i>cis</i>‐Bis(2‐Phenylpyridine)platinum(II) (CBPPP). A simple molecular platinum compound preliminary communication (1983)

Abstract The deprotonated 2‐phenylpyridine forms a 2:1 chelate with platinum(II) in cis ‐configuration, which exists as a dimer in a molecular solid.
Synthesis of tritium labelled phosphonate analogues of sphinganine-1-phosphate (1997)

Tritiated phosphonate analogues 9 and 10 are prepared as analogues of sphinganine-1-phosphate 4. The key step in this synthesis is the catalytic tritiation of the triple bond in reduction of the protected diethyl-3-(S)-tert.-butoxycarbonylamino-4-hydroxy-5-tridecinyl-1-phosphonate by means of sodium boro[3H]hydride as tritium source. These compounds are synthesized to study their metabolic stability and to evaluate their biological properties. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of hepatoprotective flavonolignans from silymarin (2010)

Silymarin, also known as milk thistle extract, inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and also displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions that contribute to its hepatoprotective effects. In the current study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective actions of the seven major flavonolignans and one flavonoid that comprise silymarin. Activities tested included inhibition of: HCV cell culture infection, NS5B polymerase activity, TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB transcription, virus-induced oxidative stress, and T-cell proliferation. All compounds were well tolerated by Huh7 human hepatoma cells up to 80 muM, except for isosilybin B, which was toxic to cells above 10 muM. Select compounds had stronger hepatoprotective functions than silymarin in all assays tested except in T cell proliferation. Pure compounds inhibited JFH-1 NS5B polymerase but only at concentrations above 300 muM. Silymarin suppressed TNF-alpha activation of NF-kappaB dependent transcription, which involved partial inhibition of IkappaB and RelA/p65 serine phosphorylation, and p50 and p65 nuclear translocation, without affecting binding of p50 and p65 to DNA. All compounds blocked JFH-1 virus-induced oxidative stress, including compounds that lacked antiviral activity. The most potent compounds across multiple assays were taxifolin, isosilybin A, silybin A, silybin B, and silibinin, a mixture of silybin A and silybin B. The data suggest that silymarin- and silymarin-derived compounds may influence HCV disease course in some patients. Studies where standardized silymarin is dosed to identify specific clinical endpoints are urgently needed.
Via Filling by Electrodeposition (2002)

Superconformal deposition of silver in vias was studied. The observed experimental fill behavior is compared with predictions from a model based on the curvature-enhanced accelerator coverage mechanism of superconformal deposition. Superconformal copper deposition and conformal nickel deposition results are also modeled. The previously published model predicts via filling behavior using the dependence of deposition rate kinetics on the coverage of adsorbed catalyst. The requisite kinetic parameters are obtained from independent current-voltage and current-time transient studies conducted on planar substrates. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.