gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of UV-Crosslinked Flexible Solid Polymer Electrolyte with PDMS for Li-Ion Batteries (2020)

Conventional carbonate-based liquid electrolytes have safety issues related to their high flammability and easy leakage. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a potential candidate, solid-polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer enhanced safety characteristics, while to be widely applied their performance still has to be improved. Here, we have prepared a series of UV-photocrosslinked flexible SPEs comprising poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (ETPTA), and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, with the addition of polydimethylsiloxane with acrylated terminal groups (acryl-PDMS) to diminish the crystallinity of the poly(ethylene glycol) chain. Polysiloxanes have gained interest for the fabrication of SPEs due to their unique features, such as decrement of glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>), and the ability to improve flexibility and facilitate lithium-ion transport. Freestanding, transparent SPEs with excellent flexibility and mechanical properties were achieved without any supporting backbone, despite the high content of lithium salt, which was enabled by their networked structure, the presence of polar functional groups, and their amorphous structure. The highest ionic conductivity for the developed cross-linked SPEs was 1.75 × 10<sup>-6</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature and 1.07 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at 80 °C. The SPEs demonstrated stable Li plating/stripping ability and excellent compatibility toward metallic lithium, and exhibited high electrochemical stability in a wide range of potentials, which enables application in high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.
Essential roles for four cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> development (2001)

The structural proteins of the cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (IFs) arise in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from eight reported genes and an additional three genes now identified in the complete genome. With the use of double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) for all 11 C. elegans genes encoding cytoplasmic IF proteins, we observe phenotypes for the five genes A1, A2, A3, B1, and C2. These range from embryonic lethality (B1) and embryonic/larval lethality (A3) to larval lethality (A1 and A2) and a mild dumpy phenotype of adults (C2). Phenotypes A2 and A3 involve displaced body muscles and paralysis. They probably arise by reduction of hypodermal IFs that participate in the transmission of force from the muscle cells to the cuticle. The B1 phenotype has multiple morphogenetic defects, and the A1 phenotype is arrested at the L1 stage. Thus, at least four IF genes are essential for C. elegans development. Their RNAi phenotypes are lethal defects due to silencing of single IF genes. In contrast to C. elegans, no IF genes have been identified in the complete Drosophila genome, posing the question of how Drosophila can compensate for the lack of these proteins, which are essential in mammals and C. elegans. We speculate that the lack of IF proteins in Drosophila can be viewed as cytoskeletal alteration in which, for instance, stable microtubules, often arranged as bundles, substitute for cytoplasmic IFs.
Urocortins in the mammalian endocrine system (2019)

Urocortins (Ucns), peptides belonging to the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, are classified into Ucn1, Ucn2, and Ucn3. They are involved in regulating several body functions by binding to two G protein-coupled receptors: receptor type 1 (CRHR1) and type 2 (CRHR2). In this review, we provide a historical overview of research on Ucns and their receptors in the mammalian endocrine system. Although the literature on the topic is limited, we focused our attention particularly on the main role of Ucns and their receptors in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes, reproductive organs, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and other tissues characterized by "diffuse" endocrine cells in mammals. The prominent function of these peptides in health conditions led us to also hypothesize an action of Ucn agonists/antagonists in stress and in various diseases with its critical consequences on behavior and physiology. The potential role of the urocortinergic system is an intriguing topic that deserves further in-depth investigations to develop novel strategies for preventing stress-related conditions and treating endocrine diseases.
Randomness generation based on spontaneous emissions of lasers (2015)

Random numbers play a key role in information science, especially in cryptography. Based on the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, quantum random number generators can produce genuine randomness. In particular, random numbers can be produced from laser phase fluctuations with a very high speed, typically in the Gbps regime. In this work, by developing a physical model, we investigate the origin of the randomness in quantum random number generators based on laser phase fluctuations. We show how the randomness essentially stems from spontaneous emissions. The laser phase fluctuation can be quantitatively evaluated from basic principles and qualitatively explained by the Brownian motion model. After taking account of practical device precision, we show that the randomness generation speed is limited by the finite resolution of detection devices. Our result also provides the optimal experiment design in order to achieve the maximum generation speed.
Piggyback: Adapting a Single Network to Multiple Tasks by Learning to Mask Weights (2018)

This work presents a method for adapting a single, fixed deep neural network to multiple tasks without affecting performance on already learned tasks. By building upon ideas from network quantization and pruning, we learn binary masks that piggyback on an existing network, or are applied to unmodified weights of that network to provide good performance on a new task. These masks are learned in an end-to-end differentiable fashion, and incur a low overhead of 1 bit per network parameter, per task. Even though the underlying network is fixed, the ability to mask individual weights allows for the learning of a large number of filters. We show performance comparable to dedicated fine-tuned networks for a variety of classification tasks, including those with large domain shifts from the initial task (ImageNet), and a variety of network architectures. Unlike prior work, we do not suffer from catastrophic forgetting or competition between tasks, and our performance is agnostic to task ordering. Code available at https://github.com/arunmallya/piggyback.
Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetic Nephropathy (2005)

Chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes results in the formation and accumulation advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs have a wide range of chemical, cellular, and tissue effects that contribute to the development of microvascular complications. In particular, AGEs appear to have a key role in the diabetic nephropathy. Their importance as downstream mediators of tissue injury in diabetic kidney disease is demonstrated by animal studies using inhibitors of advanced glycation to retard the development of nephropathy without directly influencing glycemic control. AGE modification of proteins may produce in changes charge, solubility, and conformation leading to molecular dysfunction as well as disrupting interactions with other proteins. AGEs also interact with specific receptors and binding proteins to influence the renal expression of growth factors and cytokines, implicated in the progression of diabetic renal disease. The effects of AGEs appears to be synergistic with other pathogenic pathways in diabetes including oxidative stress, hypertension, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Each of these pathways may be activated by AGEs, and each may promote the formation of AGEs in the vicious cycle associated with progressive renal damage. It is likely that therapies that inhibit the formation of AGEs or remove established AGE modifications will form an important component part of future therapy in patients with diabetes, acting in concert with conventional approaches to prevent diabetic renal injury.
Genes regulating dendritic outgrowth, branching, and routing in Drosophila (1999)

Signaling between neurons requires highly specialized subcellular structures, including dendrites and axons. Dendrites exhibit diverse morphologies yet little is known about the mechanisms controlling dendrite formation in vivo. We have developed methods to visualize the stereotyped dendritic morphogenesis in living Drosophila embryos. Dendrite development is altered in prospero mutants and in transgenic embryos expressing a constitutively active form of the small GTPase cdc42. From a genetic screen, we have identified several genes that control different aspects of dendrite development including dendritic outgrowth, branching, and routing. These genes include kakapo, a large cytoskeletal protein related to plectin and dystrophin; flamingo, a seven-transmembrane protein containing cadherin-like repeats; enabled, a substrate of the tyrosine kinase Abl; and nine potentially novel loci. These findings begin to reveal the molecular mechanisms controlling dendritic morphogenesis.
Complete functional synthesis (2010)

Synthesis of program fragments from specifications can make programs easier to write and easier to reason about. To integrate synthesis into programming languages, synthesis algorithms should behave in a predictable way - they should succeed for a well-defined class of specifications. They should also support unbounded data types such as numbers and data structures. We propose to generalize decision procedures into predictable and complete synthesis procedures. Such procedures are guaranteed to find code that satisfies the specification if such code exists. Moreover, we identify conditions under which synthesis will statically decide whether the solution is guaranteed to exist, and whether it is unique. We demonstrate our approach by starting from decision procedures for linear arithmetic and data structures and transforming them into synthesis procedures. We establish results on the size and the efficiency of the synthesized code. We show that such procedures are useful as a language extension with implicit value definitions, and we show how to extend a compiler to support such definitions. Our constructs provide the benefits of synthesis to programmers, without requiring them to learn new concepts or give up a deterministic execution model.
IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING FUZZY EVALUATION OF COLOR SIMILARITY (1994)

The paper describes the design and implementation of an information retrieval system using color as the index in its color image archive. Salient aspects of this approach are the use of direct visual representation of color in querying and of fuzzy set theory to formally represent intrinsic human uncertainty in evaluating the similarity between colors (query interpretation). The steps in which the information retrieval strategy is organized are illustrated, and an example of its application given, showing how the implemented system can be tailored to manage archives of images representing fabric samples.
Experiments towards the Preparation of 6‐Hydroxy‐,6‐Methoxy‐, and 6‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐diazepinium Salts and 1,2‐Dihydro‐5‐(Hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐oxopyrimidinium Salts (1986)

Abstract The preparation of a number of 2,3‐dihydro‐6‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐1,4‐diazepinium salts ( 11c – f ) and of 1,2‐dihydro‐5‐(hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐oxopyrimidinium salts ( 17a, b ) from 3‐(hydroxyphenyl)vinamidinium salts ( 10b, c ) is described. Attempted preparation of a 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)vinamidinium salt gave instead a mixture of formyl‐substituted benzofuranones ( 15 and 16 ). Attempted preparation of 2,3‐dihydro‐6‐hydroxy‐1,4‐diazepinium salts ( 1a – c ) provided products other than diazepinium salts, but 2,3‐dihydro‐6‐methoxy‐1,4‐diazepinium salts ( 7a, b ) were prepared.
Enantioselective Indole Friedel−Crafts Alkylations Catalyzed by Bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine−Scandium(III) Triflate Complexes (2003)

A highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of electron-rich aromatic nucleophiles catalyzed by scandium(III) triflate-pyridyl(bis)oxazoline complexes has been accomplished. The reaction involves alpha,beta-unsaturated acyl phosphonates as electrophiles and primarily substituted indoles as nucleophiles. The reactive acyl phosphonate product is converted to the corresponding ester or amide in good overall yield by adding an alcohol or amine directly to the reaction mixture.
[Surgical treatment of solitary liver cysts]. (1996)

Solitary hepatic cysts an uncommon disease in the past, which incidental diagnosis is increasing with the advent of ultrasound and computed tomography, are nowadays very frequent. Cysts that reach massive proportions often become symptomatic and necessitate surgical intervention. Surgical wide unroofing technique is a simple procedure advocated for the treatment of symptomatic patients. Ten patients with solitary liver cysts were submitted to wide unroofing with good immediate and late results.
A Phase I study of combined modality (90)Yttrium-CC49 intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy for ovarian cancer. (2002)

(90)Yttrium-CC49-based RIT in combination with IFN alpha2b and i.p. paclitaxel is feasible and well tolerated at a dose of < or =24.2 mCi/m(2).
NewsReader: Using knowledge resources in a cross-lingual reading machine to generate more knowledge from massive streams of news (2016)

In this article, we describe a system that reads news articles in four different languages and detects what happened, who is involved, where and when. This event-centric information is represented as episodic situational knowledge on individuals in an interoperable RDF format that allows for reasoning on the implications of the events. Our system covers the complete path from unstructured text to structured knowledge, for which we defined a formal model that links interpreted textual mentions of things to their representation as instances. The model forms the skeleton for interoperable interpretation across different sources and languages. The real content, however, is defined using multilingual and cross-lingual knowledge resources, both semantic and episodic. We explain how these knowledge resources are used for the processing of text and ultimately define the actual content of the episodic situational knowledge that is reported in the news. The knowledge and model in our system can be seen as an example how the Semantic Web helps NLP. However, our systems also generate massive episodic knowledge of the same type as the Semantic Web is built on. We thus envision a cycle of knowledge acquisition and NLP improvement on a massive scale. This article reports on the details of the system but also on the performance of various high-level components. We demonstrate that our system performs at state-of-the-art level for various subtasks in the four languages of the project, but that we also consider the full integration of these tasks in an overall system with the purpose of reading text. We applied our system to millions of news articles, generating billions of triples expressing formal semantic properties. This shows the capacity of the system to perform at an unprecedented scale.
Controlled release of reagents in capillary-driven microfluidics using reagent integrators (2011)

The integration and release of reagents in microfluidics as used for point-of-care testing is essential for an easy and accurate operation of these promising diagnostic devices. Here, we present microfluidic functional structures, which we call reagent integrators (RIs), for integrating and releasing small amounts of dried reagents (ng quantities and less) into microlitres of sample in a capillary-driven microfluidic chip. Typically, a RI is less than 1 mm(2) in area and has an inlet splitting into a central reagent channel, in which reagents can be loaded using an inkjet spotter, and two diluter channels. During filling of the microfluidic chip, spotted reagents reconstitute and exit the RI with a dilution factor that relates to the relative hydraulic resistance of the channels forming the RI. We exemplify the working principle of RIs by (i) distributing ∼100 pg of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in different volume fractions of a 1 μL solution containing a fluorogenic substrate for HRP and (ii) performing an immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) using 450 pg of fluorescently labeled detection antibodies (dAbs) that reconstitute in ∼5 to 30% of a 1 μL sample of human serum. RIs preserve the conceptual simplicity of lateral flow assays while providing a great degree of control over the integration and release of reagents in a stream of sample. We believe RIs to be broadly applicable to microfluidic devices as used for biological assays.
7E-5 Temperature Coefficients Measured by Picosecond Ultrasonics on Materials in Thin Films for Bulk Acoustic Wave Technology (2007)

To achieve standards specifications bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators have to be temperature compensated. This resonators consist on multilayer stack of different materials: a piezoelectric stack composed of two electrodes at the top and bottom of a piezoelectric layer, and an acoustic isolation. The temperature compensation is usually done by increasing the thickness of a silicon dioxide layer which presents a positive temperature coefficient. In order to improve and predict the behavior of the device, temperature coefficients of the different materials of the device have to be characterized. In this paper we present measurements of the dependence of sound velocity versus temperature by picosecond ultrasonics.
Gallium arsenide solar cells grown at rates exceeding 300 µm h−1 by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2019)

We report gallium arsenide (GaAs) growth rates exceeding 300 µm h<sup>-1</sup> using dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy. We achieved these rates by maximizing the gallium to gallium monochloride conversion efficiency, and by utilizing a mass-transport-limited growth regime with fast kinetics. We also demonstrate gallium indium phosphide growth at rates exceeding 200 µm h<sup>-1</sup> using similar growth conditions. We grew GaAs solar cell devices by incorporating the high growth rate of GaAs and evaluated its material quality at these high rates. Solar cell growth rates ranged from 35 to 309 µm h<sup>-1</sup> with open circuit voltages ranging from 1.04 to 1.07 V. The best devices exceeded 25% efficiency under the AM1.5 G solar spectrum. The high open-circuit voltages indicate that high material quality can be maintained at these extremely high growth rates. These results have strong implications toward lowering the deposition cost of III-V materials potentially enabling the deposition of high efficiency devices in mere seconds.
Understanding IPv6 (2005)

Covers the basic materials and up-to-date information to understand IPv6, including site local address often overlooked by most other books about IPv6 do not reflect this important fact. Highlights Teredo, a transistion tool that permits web sites using two different protocols to interact, with complete-chapter coverage.. Since popular applications such as web service can not be operated without DNS. Chapter 9 covers modifications in DNS for IPv6 which other books rarely cover. Other topics covered that make it a most up-to-date and valuable resource: hierarchical mobility management, fast handoff, and security features such as VPN traversal and firewall traversal.
Peripheral intravenous infusion of amino acids (1981)

The use of hypocaloric solutions of 3-5% amino acids, given through peripheral veins, is reviewed within the context of the protein-sparing concept. Because of technical problems associated with the use of central venous total parenteral nutrition, peripheral venous hypocaloric parenteral nutrition has been used in patients requiring short-term nutritional therapy who cannot receive adequate enteral nutrients. Partial parenteral nutrition is bases on the protein-sparing concept, which maintains that by simulating a mild fasting state in which body fat is used for energy, protein breakdown through gluconeogenesis is minimized if the patient receives adequate exogenous protein. Nitrogen balance is thus maintained at near-zero levels. Patients in whom protein-sparing therapy should be considered include well-nourished patients with normal adipose stores, skeletal muscle, and visceral protein, and who are expected to receive enteral nutrition in 7-10 days. Patients whose clinical status would be threatened by a slightly negative nitrogen balance or ketosis should not be placed on hypocaloric peripheral nutrition. Specific indications for peripheral infusion of amino acids are discussed. The use of hypocaloric solutions of amino acids through peripheral veins is a safer and less complicated technique than central venous total parenteral nutrition. The amino acids solution may be administered alone or with glucose, fat emulsion, or limited enteral feedings. Adverse effects are minimal; thrombophlebitis may occur with amino acid-glucose solutions but may be minimized by adding hydrocortisone and heparin to the infusion.
TricorNet: A Hybrid Temporal Convolutional and Recurrent Network for Video Action Segmentation (2017)

Action segmentation as a milestone towards building automatic systems to understand untrimmed videos has received considerable attention in the recent years. It is typically being modeled as a sequence labeling problem but contains intrinsic and sufficient differences than text parsing or speech processing. In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid temporal convolutional and recurrent network (TricorNet), which has an encoder-decoder architecture: the encoder consists of a hierarchy of temporal convolutional kernels that capture the local motion changes of different actions; the decoder is a hierarchy of recurrent neural networks that are able to learn and memorize long-term action dependencies after the encoding stage. Our model is simple but extremely effective in terms of video sequence labeling. The experimental results on three public action segmentation datasets have shown that the proposed model achieves superior performance over the state of the art.
Calprotectin in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relation to Clinical and Laboratory Parameters of Disease Activity (1993)

Calprotectin (L1) is a granulocyte and monocyte cytosolic protein released during activation of these cells. The plasma level of L1 has been shown to be a good marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. In this cross-sectional study of 100 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the serum level of L1 was found to be higher in patients than in matched controls (3661 micrograms/l versus 1051 micrograms/l; P < 0.001). The serum level of L1 was the only laboratory parameter with significant association to the disease activity index SLEDAI (r = 0.28; P < 0.01). Furthermore, the serum level of L1 was significantly higher in SLE patients with anti-DNA antibodies compared to patients without anti-DNA antibodies (4501 micrograms/l versus 3279 micrograms/l; P = 0.01). SLE patients with arthritis had higher serum levels of L1 than patients without arthritis (7652 micrograms/l versus 2811 micrograms/l; P < 0.01), indicating that the serum level of L1 also reflects arthritis activity in SLE.