gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of spare wavelengths for traffic restoration in multi-wavelength transport network (2002)

The paper describes three network protection strategies for a single link failure using spare wavelengths in multi-wavelength all-optical transparent networks. Use of spare wavelengths is shown to be effective and can be economical when a path restoration technique is used. It is also particularly suitable for high-bandwidth optical cross-connect nodes where the number of input and output ports are generally small. Based on the simulation results, the amount of redundancy required for full protection is dependent on the protection approach employed. Two algorithms for finding and allocating spare wavelengths are introduced. The algorithms are based on the genetic and heuristic algorithms.
Anaphylaxis (2011)

Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal systemic reaction with varied mechanisms and clinical presentations. Although prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are imperative, both patients and healthcare professionals often fail to recognize and diagnose early signs and symptoms of the condition. Clinical manifestations vary widely, however, the most common signs are cutaneous symptoms, including angioedema, urticaria, erythema and pruritus. Immediate intramuscular administration of epinephrine into the lateral thigh is first-line therapy, even if the diagnosis is uncertain. The mainstays of long-term management include specialist assessment, avoidance measures, and the provision of an epinephrine auto-injector and an individualized anaphylaxis action plan. This article provides an overview of the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and acute and long-term management of this serious allergic reaction.
Nanoparticle penetration and transport in living pumpkin plants: in situsubcellular identification (2009)

Nanoparticles were capable of penetrating living plant tissues and migrating to different regions of the plant, although movements over short distances seemed to be favoured. These findings show that the use of carbon coated magnetic particles for directed delivery of substances into plant cells is a feasible application.
A Low Latency Scheme for Bulk RFID Tag Reading (2008)

Passive RFID tags transmit their ID information to a tag reader upon energization by the reader. These transmitted signals, or IDs, may collide if multiple tags transmit their ID simultaneously, requiring repeated energizations by the reader to read all tag IDs successfully. The number of energizations increases with the number of ID bits in the tag and the number of tags to be read. An increase in energizations results in a greater incurred latency to read the tags, and additionally, more transmissions. This is undesirable in an industry environment especially, and with this comes higher expended energy by the reading system, leading to higher system costs. In this paper, a new proposed scheme is evaluated, the shortcut bisected countdown scheme (SBCS), in terms of the number of energizations by a reader. Three different techniques are progressively combined into three schemes in order to cut down on the number of energizations. The final scheme, SBCS, which is a combination of the three techniques, stabilizes on the number of energizations irrespective of the tag ID length and the number of tags to be read, resulting in a distinct advantage for bulk reading. The three schemes are memoryless meaning that the tags are unable to remember if they were read or not; hence the performance of each of the schemes is compared with the Query Tree protocol since it is also memoryless.
Virtual log based file systems for a programmable disk (1999)

In this paper, we study how to minimize the latency of small transactional writes to disk. The basic approach is to write to free sectors that are near the current disk head location by leveraging the embedded processor core inside the disk. We develop a number of analytical models to demonstrate the performance potential of this approach. We then present the design of a variation of a log-structured file system based on the concept of a virtual log, which supports fast small transactional writes without extra hardware support. We compare our approach against traditional update-in-place and logging systems by modifying the Solaris kernel to serve as a simulation engine. Our evaluations show that random synchronous updates on an unmodified UFS execute up to an order of magnitude faster on a virtual log than on a conventional disk. The virtual log can also significantly improve LFS in cases where delaying small writes is not an option or on-line cleaning would degrade performance. If the current trends of disk technology continue, we expect the performance advantage of this approach to become even more pronounced in the future.
Resonant frequencies of open and closed loop frequencyselective surface arrays (2000)

The effects on the transmission responses of loop element frequency selective surface arrays of breaking the conductor at suitable locations are described for simple squares and for highly convoluted geometries based on Peano curves. This simple modification generates a large reduction in the reflection band frequency for a fixed unit cell size.
RAV genes: regulation of floral induction and beyond (2014)

In this review, a summary is given of current knowledge of the regulation and function of RAV genes in diverse plant species, paying particular attention to their roles in the control of flowering in arabidopsis. TEM1 and TEM2 delay flowering by repressing the production of two florigenic molecules, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and gibberellins. In this way, TEM1 and TEM2 prevent precocious flowering and postpone floral induction until the plant has accumulated enough reserves or has reached a growth stage that ensures survival of the progeny. Recent results indicate that TEM1 and TEM2 are regulated by genes acting in several flowering pathways, suggesting that TEMs may integrate information from diverse pathways. However, flowering is not the only process controlled by RAV proteins. Family members are involved in other aspects of plant development, such as bud outgrowth in trees and leaf senescence, and possibly in general growth regulation. In addition, they respond to pathogen infections and abiotic stresses, including cold, dehydration, high salinity and osmotic stress.
Presence and Distribution of Sensory Nerve Fibers in Human Peritoneal Adhesions (2001)

This study provides the first direct evidence for the presence of sensory nerve fibers in human peritoneal adhesions, suggesting that these structures may be capable of conducting pain after appropriate stimulation.
Software-Hardware Cooperative Memory Disambiguation (2006)

In high-end processors, increasing the number of in-flight instructions can improve performance by overlapping useful processing with long-latency accesses to the main memory. Buffering these instructions requires a tremendous amount of microarchitectural resources. Unfortunately, large structures negatively impact processor clock speed and energy efficiency. Thus, innovations in effective and efficient utilization of these resources are needed. In this paper, we target the load-store queue, a dynamic memory disambiguation logic that is among the least scalable structures in a modern microprocessor. We propose to use software assistance to identify load instructions that are guaranteed not to overlap with earlier pending stores and prevent them from competing for the resources in the load-store queue. We show that the design is practical, requiring off-line analyses and minimum architectural support. It is also very effective, allowing more than 40% of loads to bypass the load-store queue for floating-point applications. This reduces resource pressure and can lead to significant performance improvements.
Evidence for light perception in a bioluminescent organ (2009)

Here we show that bioluminescent organs of the squid Euprymna scolopes possess the molecular, biochemical, and physiological capability for light detection. Transcriptome analyses revealed expression of genes encoding key visual transduction proteins in light-organ tissues, including the same isoform of opsin that occurs in the retina. Electroretinograms demonstrated that the organ responds physiologically to light, and immunocytochemistry experiments localized multiple proteins of visual transduction cascades to tissues housing light-producing bacterial symbionts. These data provide evidence that the light-organ tissues harboring the symbionts serve as extraocular photoreceptors, with the potential to perceive directly the bioluminescence produced by their bacterial partners.
Marketing strategies in virtual worlds (2007)

More and more businesses are selling products and providing services through multiple channels. 3D virtual worlds are emerging to be one of the channels for companies to communicate with their customers. Being able to simulate similar experiences as customers have in real stores, virtual worlds are able to enhance product knowledge, attitude and purchase intention of customers. However, not all product attributes are able to be experienced virtually because not all kinds of senses (e.g. taste) can be digitzed and presented through a virtual reality interface. Applying theory of cognitive fit and media richness theory, we propose the products attributes that can be experienced virtually with the current technologies. These product attributes and their moderating effects on the relationships between virtual reality and product knowledge, attitude and purchase intention should be studied further so that companies can make decides on the investment in their presence in virtual worlds and the marketing strategies most appropriate for their products.
Design and evaluation of techniques for mobile interaction with dynamic NFC-displays (2010)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology for mobile, touch-based interaction with tagged objects that can serve as physical user interfaces (UI). Dynamic NFC-displays use a grid of NFC-tags as a physical UI and combine it with a projected application UI to enable direct interactions between mobile devices and large screens. In this paper, we explore the design of interaction techniques for dynamic NFC-displays beyond the common touch-select interaction with single tags and evaluate them with an NFC-pinboard prototype. A user study confirms the general preference for the simple touch-select, but also shows that other techniques can provide alternatives, e.g. to implement interactions for which users want to feel more in control.
Assignment of mutant tsN19 (complementation group E) of respiratory syncytial virus to the P protein gene (1992)

The mutation responsible for the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of mutant tsN19 (complementation group E) of respiratory syncytial virus has been located to the P protein gene. Viral protein synthesis was completely restricted at 39 degrees C, and the tsN19 P protein did not react with an anti-P monoclonal antibody (MAb) (3-5) at 33 degrees C. Reversion of temperature sensitivity restored reactivity with MAb 3-5. Nucleotide sequence determination and in vitro expression of cDNA clones of P mRNA derived from wild-type, tsN19 and non-ts revertant-infected cells, revealed that temperature sensitivity and loss of reactivity with MAb 3-5 were consequences of a Gly----Ser amino acid change at position 172. A low M(r) polypeptide, which represented the C-terminal 93 amino acids of the P protein, was produced by internal initiation in the P open reading frame during in vitro translation, and a similar product was detected transiently in vivo.
The architecture of the HP Superdome shared-memory multiprocessor (2005)

This paper offers an overview of the HP Superdome shared memory multiprocessor, along with a detailed description of the cache coherence implementation. (An early and limited description was provided in [9].) We focus in particular on the sx1000 chipset, codenamed Pinnacles, which is used in HP's Integrity line of servers (Superdome Integrity, rx8620, rx7620) and in HP's 9000 series of PA-RISC based products (Superdome. rp8620, rp7420). The design goals for this architecture were to provide a platform that supported both PA-RISC and Itanium family processors, support multiple operating systems including HP-UX, Windows, and Linux, provide cache coherent scalability to large ways of MP. and support multiple product generations while preserving customer investments in memory and I/O infrastructure. This paper covers the system organization and network topology (Section 2), details on how processor instructions appear as coherence transactions (Section 3), the cache coherence protocol (Section 4). and microarchitectural details on the chipset (Section 5). It concludes with examples of application benchmarks that demonstrate the scalability achieved (Section 6).
Effects of ANP receptor antagonists on ANP secretion from adult rat cultured atrial myocytes (1995)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone-secreted predominantly by atrial myocytes. ANP exerts many of its actions via activation of the particulate guanylyl cyclase receptor ANPR-A and the formation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), which serves as a second messenger in the target cells. Using membrane-permeable cGMP analogues (8-bromo-cGMP and dibutyryl- cGMP), we first tested the hypothesis that ANP secretion by adult rat cultured atrial myocytes can be modulated through the second messenger cGMP. Second, we examined the effects of two competitive ANPR-A receptor antagonists, namely HS-142-1 and anantin, on cGMP formation and ANP secretion from cultured atrial myocytes. Cultured atrial myocytes secreted large quantities of immunoreactive (ir) ANP under basal conditions. We found that cGMP analogues inhibited basal irANP secretion from cultured atrial myocytes, whereas HS-142-1 and anantin had stimulating effects. HS-142-1 and anantin reduced cGMP formation in cultured atrial myocytes at basal conditions. These results suggest an autoregulatory mechanism of ANP secretion by atrial myocytes in an autocrine/paracrine fashion.
Facile synthesis of anisotropic Au@SiO2 core–shell nanostructures (2012)

Anisotropic Au@SiO(2) core-shell nanostructures have been fabricated from CTABr-stabilized Au nanoparticles with a facile synthesis involving a single growth solution. This procedure circumvents tedious surface modification steps and allows for the SiO(2) shell thickness to be tuned from 5 to 20 nm by modulating the nanoparticle number density and concentration of silica precursor.
Endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery (1988)

CHAPTER 1: Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses CHAPTER 2: Physiology of the Paranasal Sinuses CHAPTER 3: Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery CHAPTER 4: Sinusitis, Allergic Rhinitis, and Asthma CHAPTER 5: The Medical Management of Sinusitis CHAPTER 6: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Preoperative Evaluation CHAPTER 7: Surgical Management of Pediatric Sinusitis CHAPTER 8: Equipment Selection CHAPTER 9: Endoscopic Functional Paranasal Sinus Surgery: Anterior-to-Posterior Approach CHAPTER 10: Endoscopic Total Sphenoethmoidectomy CHAPTER 11: An Anatomic Approach to Endoscopic Paranasal Sinus Surgery: A combined Approach CHAPTER 12: Endoscopic Frontal Sinusotomy CHAPTER 13: Ancillary Procedures CHAPTER 14: Powered Instruments CHAPTER 15: Avoidance and Management of Complications CHAPTER 16: Revision Surgery CHAPTER 17: Doc, My sinus surgery didn?t wor
Natural frequencies of a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom vibration system (2006)

Abstract A chain structured mass‐spring vibration system with N degrees of freedom is considered where masses M j = m j m = m/j and spring stiffnesses k j = c j k = ( N + 1 ‐ j ) k , j = 1, …, N , have been applied. The conjecture of Mikota [1] on the natural frequencies is discussed showing how difficult it is to find an explicit solution of the related eigenvalue problem. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single asperity tribochemical wear of silicon nitride studied by atomic force microscopy (2002)

Nanometer scale single asperity tribochemical wear of silicon nitride was examined by measuring the wear of atomic force microscope tips translated against a variety of substrates in aqueous solutions. We show that the chemical nature of the substrate plays an important role: significant wear was observed only when the substrate surface is populated with appropriate metal-hydroxide bonds. Mica and calcite substrates, whose water-exposed cleavage surfaces lack these bonds, produced little if any tip wear. As a function of contact force FN and scan duration t, the length of the tips in this work decreases approximately as (FNt)0.5. We propose that pressure-induced intermediate states involving hydroxyl groups form on both the tip and the substrate; chemical reactions subsequently form transient bridging chemical bonds that are responsible for tip wear.
zhong guo ban zhi min di hai guan de chuang she ji qi gong gu guo cheng (1840-1875) (1980)

中国近代的海关是半殖民地性质的海关。它是帝国主义侵略中国的产物,是帝国主义安置在中国统治机构内部一个极其重要的侵略据点。它在帝国主义的庇护下,打着为中国征收关税的幌子,利用腐朽的封建买办势力,在财政、经济、内政、外交等领域里,开展了广泛深入的侵略活动,扶植、支持封建买办政权,维护、强化半封建半殖民地的统治政序;海关洋员以狡狯的手法,为帝国主义的对华侵略广开渠道,加速了中国社会半殖民地化的过程。所以中国半殖民地海关的创立、巩固和发展的过程,和中国社会半殖民地化加速加深的过程是一致的。
Detection of microbial trypsin-like enzymes by use of an agar gel. (1990)

Certain oral micro-organisms associated with periodontal diseases elaborate trypsin-like enzymes. This study describes a single assay for these enzymes, based on the incorporation of the synthetic substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) into ion-agar gel. The system can provide quantitative or qualitative data within 24 h and is suitable for use in the dental clinic.
Doped Bi-Se thin films for photovoltaic applications (2010)

Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sub> thin films with copper concentration x up to 29 mol. % are synthesized on glass substrates by chemical-bath deposition. Films with thickness in the range of 550-597 nm are fabricated by a multiple-dip process. Deposition parameters for a single-coating run are optimized to avoid re-dissolution of the particles, and to obtain large-area composition homogeneity in the films. Routine film composition Cu:Bi:Se and thickness are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. To evaluate the doped Bi-Se thin films for potential use in photovoltaic devices, systematic investigations of the films' structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties are performed. The physical properties of as-deposited and annealed films are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis-IR photospectroscopy, and Hall effect and Seebeck effect measurements.
Effect of noise in blending and deblending (2013)

ABSTRACT If simultaneous shooting is carried out by incoherent source arrays, being the condition of blended acquisition, the deblending process generates shot records with a very low residual interference (blending noise). We found, theoretically and numerically, that deblended shot records had a better background-related signal-to-noise ratio than shot records in unblended surveys. This improvement increased with increasing blending fold and decreasing survey time. An interesting consequence of this property is that blended surveys can be carried out under more severe noise conditions than unblended surveys. It is advisable to optimize the survey time in areas with a large background noise level or in areas with severe environmental restrictions.
Colloid and surface engineering : applications in the process industries (1992)

Part 1 Principles of chemical production: characterization of process dispersions, R.A. Williams handling colloidal materials, R.A. Williams and S.J.R. Simons practice of product formulation, D.J. Wedlock chemical precipitation of ceramic powders, R.E. Riman. Part 2 Selective particle/liquid separation processes: colloid separation by selective flocculation, Y.A. Attia spherical agglomeration in minerals processing, C.I. House and C.J. Veal . Part 3 biotechnological and environmental processes: design of electrically enhanced membrane separation processes, W.R. Bowen magnetic carrier technology, B.R. Pieters et al process engineering of magnetic immobilization systems for enzyme reactors and effluent treatment, R.A. Williams et al.
Evaluation of a 4‐META Porcelain Repair System (1991)

A recently introduced porcelain repair system utilizing 4-META (Etch-Free Primer with C & B-Metabond) was evaluated for bond strength to porcelain. This system purportedly eliminates hydrofluoric acid-etching and silane pretreatment. Forty porcelain specimens were prepared and treated with the 4-META repair system. A resin cylinder was bonded to the treated porcelain surface. Twenty of the specimens were tested after 24 hours while the other 20 were tested after thermocycling (800 cycles at 6 degrees C to 60 degrees C). The mean bond strengths were: 24 hours 17.4 MPa (+/- 4.8), thermocycled 19.1 MPa (+/- 7). Cohesive failure of the porcelain occurred in all of the specimens, both the 24 hour and the thermocycled. These bond strengths compare favorably with or exceed those of other porcelain repair systems tested in other studies.
A comparative study of system response time on program developer productivity (1984)

Skilled programmer time and computer time and resources are valuable. Earlier studies had shown that added computer resources can decrease system response time and increase programmer productivity significantly. A controlled study has been made to determine whether that finding is true for the particular conditions in another program development organization. That study is reported here. Programmer productivity increased sixty-two percent with subsecond system response time. A new finding is that individual group project offices lead to greater efficiency than large open rooms.
Wideband flexible-reach techniques for a 0.5&#x2013;16.3Gb/s fully-adaptive transceiver in 20nm CMOS (2014)

This paper describes the design techniques to achieve wideband flexible-reach operation in a fully-adaptive transceiver embedded in a 20nm CMOS FPGA. The receiver utilizes a bandwidth adjustable CTLE for programmable operation over both short-reach and long-reach channels. A modified 11-tap, 1bit speculative DFE topology provides reliable operation across all data rates. The LC PLL feedback divider uses a synchronized CMOS down-counter without a prescaler to achieve a continuous divide ratio of 16–257. The transceiver achieves BER < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−15</sup> over a 28dB loss backplane at 16.3Gb/s and over legacy channels with 10G-KR characteristics at 10.3125Gb/s. The transceiver meets jitter tolerance specifications for both PCIe Gen3 at 8Gb/s and PCIe Gen4 at 16Gb/s in both common-clock and spread-spectrum modes.
RNA polymerase heterogeneity in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) (1989)

Recent genetic and biochemical experiments have revealed the existence of at least seven different sigma factors in Streptomyces coelicolor and demonstrated a role for alternative sigma factors in the control of differentiation and also in the transcription of primary metabolic genes. S. coelicolor has four genes predicted to encode sigma factors that are very closely related to the sigma 70 polypeptide of Escherichia coli.