gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Fibronectin-Assisted Retroviral Gene Transfer into Human CD34 <sup>+</sup> Hematopoietic Cells (1997)

Efficient retroviral gene transfer into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells can be achieved by co-localizing retrovirus and target cells on specific adhesion domains of recombinant fibronectin (FN) fragments. In this paper, we further optimize this technology for human CD34+ cells. Investigating the role of cytokine prestimulation in retrovirus-mediated gene transfer on plates coated with the recombinant FN CH-296 revealed that prestimulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells was essential to achieve efficient gene transfer into clonogenic cells. The highest gene transfer occurred by prestimulating PB CD34+ cells for 40 hr with a combination of stem cell factor (SCF), G-CSF, and megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) prior to retroviral infection on CH-296. Surprisingly, a prolonged simultaneous exposure of primary CD34+ PB cells to retrovirus and cytokines in the presence of CH-296 lowered the gene transfer efficiency. Gene transfer into cytokine prestimulated CD34+ bone marrow (BM) cells was not influenced by increasing the coating concentrations of a recombinant FN fragment, CH-296, nor was it adversely influenced by increasing the number of CD34+ target cells, suggesting that the amount of retroviral particles present in the supernatant was not a limiting factor for transduction of CD34+ BM cells on CH-296-coated plates. The polycation Polybrene was not required for efficient transduction of hematopoietic cells in the presence of CH-296. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repeated exposure of CH-296 to retrovirus containing supernatant, called preloading, can be employed to concentrate the amount of retroviral particles bound to CH-296. These findings establish a simple and short clinically applicable transduction protocol that targets up to 68% of BM or G-CSF-mobilized PB CD34+ cells and is capable of genetically modifying up to 17% of CD34+CD38-/dim PB cells.
Bjerrum plots for the determination of systematic concentration errors in titration data (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBjerrum plots for the determination of systematic concentration errors in titration dataAlex. Avdeef, Diane L. Kearney, Jessica A. Brown, and Alfred R. ChemottiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 13, 2322–2326Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00250a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00250a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pertussis — Not Just for Kids (2005)

Six weeks ago, a 45-year-old woman noticed a scratchy feeling in her throat that has now progressed to more than 20 episodes of severe, spasmodic coughing per day. Her coughing spells are worse at night and are sometimes associated with gagging and vomiting. Her adolescent son and several of his friends had similar illnesses several weeks before the onset of her symptoms, and they continue to cough. How should the patient be assessed for possible pertussis? Should she be treated and, if so, how? Could this illness have been prevented?
Carbon contamination of EUV mask: film characterization, impact on lithographic performance, and cleaning (2008)

The deposition characteristics of carbon film on EUV mask surface, the impact of carbon deposition on lithography performance, and cleaning of deposited carbon film on EUV mask are studied. The density of the carbon film was found to be nearly half of that of graphite by X-ray reflectivity measurement. The impact of carbon deposition on the lithography performance was simulated by SOLID-EUV. The CD variation by carbon deposition on the mask depends on the deposition profile on the absorber pattern. Intentionally created contaminated masks were treated by a cleaning process using atomic hydrogen. The cleaning efficiency and durability of film materials are discussed.
Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Organosilane Functionalized Mesoporous Thin Films (2002)

The preparation of surfactant-templated periodic mesoporous silica thin films functionalized with N-((trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMAC) is described. The supramolecular self-assembly of the triblock copolymer, Pluronic 123, served as a template for the formation of these functionalized silane films. In the as-prepared and extracted conditions, the films exhibited the p6 mm type hexagonal mesostructure with a large unit cell (a = 8.5−9.6 nm). Contraction of the films during heat treatment (250 °C for 2 h) reduced the pore spacing perpendicular to the substrate yielding Fm3m pore ordering, confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ellipsometry measurements revealed the films to have thickness of ∼400 nm in the as-prepared condition and ∼300 nm in the heat-treated condition, a total shrinkage of ∼25% perpendicular to the substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed the incorporation of the TMAC to be 76−90% of the amount initially added following surfactant extraction.
A Reliability Enhancing Mechanism for a Large Flash Embedded Satellite Storage System (2008)

In this paper, we propose an embedded satellite storage architecture based on the MLC NAND flash memory chips. We focus on data reliability and enhance it by adapting the RAID5 mechanism to the flash technology. This adaptation takes into account both the application and the technology characteristics : the specific access profile determines the striping granularity and the specific flash technology determines the data placement/management policy. It results an efficient mechanism, simple to implement at the FTL (flash translation layer) level without any use of the garbage collection. Thus, improving reliability using this mechanism leads to improving performance in the particular on-board satellite storage context.
Brain injury following cardiorespiratory arrest in cats. Effects of alphaxalone-alphadolone. (1989)

The effects of alphaxalone-alphadolone acetate (27.07 microM/kg-7.68 microM/kg) on neurologic injury following acute cerebral ischemia induced by an 8 min cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) were investigated in cats through the analysis of neurological deficit scores and brain electrical activity; i.e., electroencephalogram (EEG) from parieto-occipital cortices and EEG and multiunit activity (MUA) from mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF). The CRA resulted from electrically induced cardiac arrest and stopping of mechanical ventilation in paralyzed cats which were successfully resuscitated within the immediate 4 min after the end of CRA. Two groups of cats were studied: I. Untreated, which received saline iv; II. Treated, which received alphaxalone-alphadolone acetate iv, 7-9 min after the end of CRA. Neuromuscular blockade and mechanical ventilation were maintained until 8 h following the CRA; then the cats were allowed to recover spontaneous respiratory activity. EEG phenomena were different in untreated and treated cats during this immediate post-arrest period. The former showed rhythmic bursts of fast (12-20 Hz) EEG activity at 1-2 sec intervals from 15-20 min until 3-4 h after the CRA, abundant spikes and delta-like waves. By contrast, administration of alphaxalone-alphadolone acetate resulted in burst suppression EEG pattern during 1 h. Progressive recovery of background EEG activity occurred afterwards. MUA from MRF disappeared during the CRA, however 6 h later the mean MUA frequency in untreated cats ranged between 32-46% and in treated cats 18-27% of their control mean frequencies during paradoxical sleep (100%). Daily electrographic records were performed in all the cats during quiet attentive behavior at each of the five days following the CRA. Significant differences were found in the frequency distributions of MUA from MRF (1st day, p less than 0.01; 5th day, p less than 0.01) as well as in the cortical EEG waves (1st day, p less than 0.01; 5th day, p less than 0.05) before and after the CRA in the untreated group. A wide dispersion of MUA values, and increased proportions of delta and theta-like waves and spindle bursts, besides a significantly high (p less than 0.001) number of spikes occurred in these EEG records the days following the CRA. The frequency distributions of MUA and EEG did not significantly differ before and after the CRA in the treated group; however, a significantly high (p less than 0.05) number of spikes was found in treated cats following the CRA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Changes on the Electronic Frontier: Growth and Opportunity of the World-Wide Web (1998)

Interest in marketing applications pertaining to the Internet has been increasing dramatically. In an earlier work (Freiden and Takacs 1995), the authors proposed that there would be opportunities for an expanded role for promotional activities on the Internet. This paper presents data from a longitudinal analysis of these activities on the World-Wide Web to determine which of these opportunities have been fulfilled. The authors had suggested that the fledgling Web represented a significant opportunity for business, and that some businesses more than others would seize the moment. Research on characteristics of users is discussed, as well as implications for marketing strategies.
The site of activation of factor X by cancer procoagulant (1991)

Cancer procoagulant (CP) is a cysteine proteinase found in a variety of malignant cells and tissues and in human amnion-chorion tissue. It initiates coagulation by activating factor X. However, the amino acid sequence of the substrate protein that determines the cleavage site of cysteine proteinases is different from that of the serine proteinases that normally activate factor X, such as factor IXa, VIIa and Russell's Viper Venom (RVV). Therefore, it was of interest to determine the site of cleavage of human factor X by CP. Purified CP was incubated with purified factor X and the reaction mixture was electrophoresed on a 10% Tris-tricine SDS-PAGE gel. The proteins were electroeluted on to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, and stained with Coomassie blue. The heavy chain of activated factor X was cut out of the PVDF membrane and sequenced with an Applied Biosystems 477A with on-line HPLC. The primary cleavage sequence was Asp-Ala-Ala-Asp-Leu-Asp-Pro-; two other secondary sequences Ser-Ile-Thr-Trp-Lys-Pro- and Glu-Asn-Pro-Phe-Asp-Leu were found. The penultimate amino acid on the carbonyl side of the hydrolysed amide bond plays a critical role for the recognition of the cleavage site of cysteine proteinases. These data indicate that the penultimate amino acid for the primary cleavage site of factor X by CP is proline-20 and for the secondary sites, proline-13 and proline-28. This is in contrast to arginine-52 that determines the specificity of the cleavage by normal serine proteinase activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Growth of Boron Nitride Thin Films on Silicon Substrates Using New Organoboron Precursors (1999)

Thin films of BN have been deposited on silicon substrates in the temperature range of 600 to 900 °C by supersonic molecular jet epitaxy and plasma-assisted MOCVD using new organoboron precursors such as borane-triethylamine complex (BTEA) and tris(sec-butyl)borane (TSBB). Hydrogen was used as carrier gas, and additional nitrogen and ammonia as reactive gases were supplied by either through nozzle or via remoted plasma. Crack-free, polycrystalline hexagonal BN films with nano-size crystals were successfully grown at temperature as low as 750 °C using BTEA. With increasing substrate temperatures to 900 °C, however, the h-BN films chenged polycrystalline with smoother surface and larger crystals. The changes of relative film quality with deposition temperature and reactive gas have been confirmed with FTIR. Nitrogen plasma enhanced the film quality and the stoichiometry, and removed the surface carbon effectively rather than ammonia and hydrogen plasmas molecular beam. Wide band gaps were calculated using optical transmittance measurements.
Fluorescence suppression in resonance Raman spectroscopy using a high‐performance picosecond Kerr gate (2001)

Abstract A high‐performance Kerr gate designed for the suppression of fluorescence in both time‐resolved and steady‐state resonance Raman spectroscopy is described and its performance illustrated. This is an improved version of a system described recently, with superior extinction ratio, higher throughput and wider usable spectral range. Specially designed polarizers are an essential feature of the system. The gate opens for ∼4 ps at 1 kHz repetition rate, throughput in the open state is up to ∼40% (excluding Fresnel losses on optical elements), the extinction ratio in the closed state is 10 −5 and the usable spectral range is 300–700 nm with a single set of polarizers. The Kerr gate is driven by ∼500 µJ, 1 kHz, 1 ps laser pulses at 800 nm and we believe that it is currently the most powerful device in operation for the temporal rejection of fluorescence from Raman spectra. It increases the general applicability of Raman spectroscopy as illustrated by picosecond time‐resolved resonance Raman spectra of the intramolecular charge transfer state of 4‐dimethylaminobenzonitrile and by the ground‐state Raman spectrum of unleaded petrol at 400 nm probe wavelength. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic Acid Esters of Pentaerythritol Trinitrate<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Acid Esters of Pentaerythritol Trinitrate1N. S. Marans, D. E. Elrick, and R. F. PreckelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 5, 1304–1306Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01634a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (426 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a bulk microdefect analyzer for Si wafers (1989)

A new inspection system using laser scattering was developed to characterize bulk microdefects in intrinsic gettering processed Si wafers. The density profiles of bulk microdefects and the width of the denuded zone in Si wafers were measured by this system without any etching treatment. The minimum size observed, as a particle, was estimated at several tens of nm in diameter by comparing a scattering image with a transmission electron microscope observation. From an analysis of the scattering intensity, differences of up to 10% in diameter were recognizable.
The Application of Ant Colony Optimization Technique (ACOT) for Employees Selection and Training (2009)

In this paper, ACOT was provided to advise for employees in selecting the Training Courses (TCs). The courses planning process needs to abide the company's policies regarding training hours and costs. In order to avoid the courses of an employee are confined to only one or two areas, we stipulate that the selected TCs cover three or more areas. This paper uses Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to generate packages of TCs for individual employees with the maximization of utility (costs * hours) as the objective function values. Moreover, we also use an enumerate algorithm to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our ACO algorithm. The two measurements are related to the solution quality and run time required by our algorithm.
A modified blind mimo channel equalization method based on autocorrelation matching principle (2005)

We propose a modified blind equalization method of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels based on an autocorrelation matching (AM) principle. Different from the basic AM method, we list all the combinations of the received signals taken two at a time. For each of the combinations, the basic AM method is used to get an equalized output. Then these outputs are combined with a proper combining method, such as equal gain combining (EGC). In this way, the channel matrix is divided into some equivalent smaller matrixes, which may have smaller condition numbers, and the sensitivity to noise of system can be reduced. Simulation results show that this method can greatly improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system. The applications of the AM method are also considered.
Deconvolution of Compton scatter in SPECT. (1985)

A deconvolution algorithm has been developed which compensates for Compton scattering in SPECT images. Compton scatter is modeled as a convolution of the nonscattered projection data with an exponential function. Deconvolution of the total (scatter + nonscatter) projection data yields compensated true projection. Using Monte Carlo methods, the scattered and nonscattered components of a SPECT image are simulated thus allowing a comparison of scatter compensated results with direct nonscatter results. The quality of the compensation is evaluated by comparing the ratio of total to direct counts with the ratio of compensated to direct counts. This deconvolution technique has been developed and evaluated for experimentally acquired SPECT data as well as for simulated data.
An evaluation of collocation interference mitigation approach for shipboard SINCGARS radios (2002)

Joint tactical missions typically require simultaneous operations of multiple collocated combat net radios to support different commands during troop deployment. However, self interference among collocated Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) radios on Navy shipboard platforms can severely limit SINCGARS communications performance. This paper evaluates an approach for mitigating collocation interference on shipboard platforms. The paper also determines performance parameter requirements that provide satisfactory operation of SINCGARS radios in the shipboard environment.
Multiple Genes, Tissue Specificity, and Expression-Dependent Modulation Contribute to the Functional Diversity of Potassium Channels in Arabidopsis thaliana (1995)

K+ channels play diverse roles in mediating K+ transport and in modulating the membrane potential in higher plant cells during growth and development. Some of the diversity in K+ channel functions may arise from the regulated expression of multiple genes encoding different K+ channel polypeptides. Here we report the isolation of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA (AKT2) that is highly homologous to the two previously identified K+ channel genes, KAT1 and AKT1. This cDNA mapped to the center of chromosome 4 by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and was highly expressed in leaves, whereas AKT1 was mainly expressed in roots. In addition, we show that diversity in K+ channel function may be attributable to differences in expression levels. Increasing KAT1 expression in Xenopus oocytes by polyadenylation of the KAT1 mRNA increased the current amplitude and led to higher levels of KAT1 protein, as assayed in western blots. The increase in KAT1 expression in oocytes produced shifts in the threshold potential for activation to more positive membrane potentials and decreased half-activation times. These results suggest that different levels of expression and tissue-specific expression of different K+ channel isoforms can contribute to the functional diversity of plant K+ channels. The identification of a highly expressed, leaf-specific K+ channel homolog in plants should allow further molecular characterization of K+ channel functions for physiological K+ transport processes in leaves.
Fast structure-preserving image retargeting (2009)

Several different methods have been proposed for image/video retargeting while retaining the content. However, they sometimes produce some artifacts, such as ridge or structure twist. In this paper, we present a structure-preserving image resizing technique for the image retargeting applications. Based on the warping-based retargeting technique proposed by Wolf et al.[13], we propose an efficient and adaptive image resizing algorithm that preserves the content and image structure as best as possible. We first downsample the size of the original image by using bilinear interpolation. In order to preserve the content, we introduce the structure constraints derived from the line detection into the large linear system. Then, the mapping matrices are enlarged to the original size by joint-bilateral upsampling and the resized image can be produced to preserve the content and structure as best as possible. Most of the computation is on the low-resolution layer and therefore it can be very efficient. From our experiments, the proposed method can provide resized images with higher image quality and faster speed than that in [13].