gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal vaccination with an inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine induces strong antibody responses in serum and nasal mucus of healthy adults (2013)

Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) titers as well as haemagglutinin (HA) specific antibody responses were examined in 50 healthy adults aged between 22 and 69 y old after two intranasal administrations of an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from A/Victoria/210/2009 virus (45 μg HA per dose) at 3 week intervals. Serum HI titers after two-doses of the nasal vaccine showed>2.5-fold rise in the ratio of geometric mean titer upon vaccination,>40% of subjects with a ≥ 4-fold increase in titer and>70% of subjects with a titer of ≥ 1:40, all parameters associated with an effective outcome of vaccination in the criteria defined by the European Medicines Agency. Serum neutralizing antibody responses correlated with HI antibody responses, although NT titers were about 2-fold higher than HI titers. These high levels of serum responses were accompanied by high levels of HI and neutralizing antibody responses in nasal mucus as measured in concentrated nasal wash samples that were about 10 times diluted compared with natural nasal mucus. Serum and nasal HI and neutralizing antibody responses consisted of HA-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses, with IgG and IgA antibodies being dominant in serum and nasal responses, respectively.
Receptor for α<sub>1</sub>‐Microglobulin on T Lymphocytes: Inhibition of Antigen‐Induced Interleukin‐2 Production (1998)

The human plasma protein alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1m) was found to inhibit the antigen-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of two different mouse T-helper cell hybridomas. Alpha1m isolated from human plasma and recombinant alpha1m isolated from baculovirus-infected insect cell cultures had similar inhibitory effects. Flow cytometric analysis showed a binding of plasma and recombinant alpha1m to the T-cell hybridomas as well as to a human T-cell line. Radiolabelled plasma and recombinant alpha1m bound to the T-cell hybridomas in a saturable manner and the binding could be eliminated by trypsination of the cells. The affinity constants for the cell binding were calculated to be 0.4-1 x 10(5) M(-1) using Scatchard plotting, and the number of binding sites per cell was estimated to be 5 x 10(5)-1 x 10(6). The cell-surface proteins of one of the T-cell hybridomas were radiolabelled, the cells lysed and alpha1m-binding proteins isolated by affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and autoradiography analysis of the eluate revealed major bands with Mr-values around 70, 35 and 15 kDa. The results thus suggest that alpha1m binds to a specific receptor on T cells and that the binding leads to inhibition of antigen-stimulated IL-2 production by T-helper cells.
Assisted reproductive technology surveillance--United States, 2006. (2009)

ART-related multiple births represent a sizable proportion of all multiple births nationwide and in selected states. To minimize the adverse maternal and child health effects associated with multiple pregnancies, ongoing efforts to limit the number of embryos transferred in each ART procedure should be continued and strengthened. Adverse maternal and infant outcomes (e.g., low birthweight and preterm delivery) associated with ART treatment choices should be explained thoroughly when counseling patients considering ART.
Optical oscillator strengths for isoelectronic ions of sodium (1987)

An analytic atomic independent-particle model potential adjusted to experimental energy levels is used to generate wave functions for the valence and excited states of isoelectronic ions of sodium from Z=12–22. Using the Born approximation and LS coupling, we calculate optical oscillator strengths for excitations of the valence electron from the 1s22s22p23s(2S1/2) ground state. The results are compared to experiment and other calculations.
Radar array self-calibration and imaging with applications to bulk material gauging (2016)

Common algorithms for radar array imaging rely on sufficiently precise calibration before evaluation. A system calibration is necessary to compensate potential unavoidable error sources that decrease the accuracy and reliability of the estimates and worsen the beam pattern of the antenna array. Several calibration methods have been developed, most of them are based on a-priori, i.e., offline measurements with a well defined target scenario. In this paper we present an algorithm that is capable of executing an online self-calibration and image formation for the special case when the target scenario is an arbitrary but continuous surface. The two separated tasks, system calibration followed by image formation, are combined in a single formulation that efficiently solves a minimization problem. Thus, the need for a-priori calibration measurements is avoided. The correct functionality of this algorithm is shown with simulation results for different surface scenarios and spatial dimensions. A possible real-world application in blast furnace burden surface imaging is discussed.
Hepatitis B virus "escape" mutants. (1990)

reported series resolution took an average of 14-30 days, and about 5-20% of patients still required laparotomy. 3
FlowQA: Grasping Flow in History for Conversational Machine Comprehension (2018)

Conversational machine comprehension requires the understanding of the conversation history, such as previous question/answer pairs, the document context, and the current question. To enable traditional, single-turn models to encode the history comprehensively, we introduce Flow, a mechanism that can incorporate intermediate representations generated during the process of answering previous questions, through an alternating parallel processing structure. Compared to approaches that concatenate previous questions/answers as input, Flow integrates the latent semantics of the conversation history more deeply. Our model, FlowQA, shows superior performance on two recently proposed conversational challenges (+7.2% F1 on CoQA and +4.0% on QuAC). The effectiveness of Flow also shows in other tasks. By reducing sequential instruction understanding to conversational machine comprehension, FlowQA outperforms the best models on all three domains in SCONE, with +1.8% to +4.4% improvement in accuracy.
[Review of] Earl Lovelace. A Brief Conversion and Other Stories (1990)

A gentle beauty pervades these stories. It softens the ironies, dignifies the poverty, and serves as a subtle reminder of the indomitability of the human spirit.
Lithium decoration of three dimensional boron-doped graphene frameworks for high-capacity hydrogen storage (2015)

Based on density functional theory and the first principles molecular dynamics simulations, a three-dimensional B-doped graphene-interconnected framework has been constructed that shows good thermal stability even after metal loading. The average binding energy of adsorbed Li atoms on the proposed material (2.64 eV) is considerably larger than the cohesive energy per atom of bulk Li metal (1.60 eV). This value is ideal for atomically dispersed Li doping in experiments. From grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, high hydrogen storage capacities of 5.9 wt% and 52.6 g/L in the Li-decorated material are attained at 298 K and 100 bars.
Nonpalpable breast lesion localization using a curved-end retractable wire. (1985)

A new needle-wire system has been developed for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. The curved-end wire, which is made of a tough pseudoelastic alloy, eliminates many of the pitfalls of this procedure for both the radiologist and the surgeon. Advantages of this new system include the ability to anchor the needle during filming, the ability to easily reposition the needle if necessary, the option of injecting dye, the inability to transect the wire during surgery, and the option of leaving both the needle and wire in place in the subject to allow easier dissection during biopsy.
Site-specific PEGylation of proteins by a Staudinger-phosphite reaction (2010)

Current protocols in protein bioengineering allow the site-specific incorporation of chemical reporter moieties. Subsequently, these functional groups can be chemoselectively transformed to decorate proteins with charged and oversized functional units. Based on our recent report on the chemoselective reaction of azides with phosphites, we now apply the Staudinger-phosphite reaction to an efficient and metal-free PEGylation of an azide-containing protein with symmetrical phosphites. Thereby, two types of branched oligoethylene glycol scaffolds are generated, which deliver either a stable or light-cleavable protein-PEG conjugate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Staudinger-phosphite reaction is an efficient transformation in both aqueous media as well as in a highly crowded bacterial cell lysate.
TNF-&alpha; in the cardiovascular system: from physiology to therapy (2015)

Abstract: Signaling pathways induced by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) play a key role in the cellular responses to inflammation and injury. In the cardiovascular system, TNF-α -activated signal transduction pathways may contribute to vascular dysfunction, development and progression of atherosclerosis, and adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction and heart failure. This review addresses the role of TNF-α in vascular physiology and disease. Furthermore, the therapeutic benefits of systemic TNF-α antagonism in cardiovascular and autoimmune inflammatory diseases are summarized and critically discussed. Keywords: TNF-α, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, shear stress, heart failure, TNF-α antagonists
Stable and efficient sky-blue organic light emitting diodes employing a tetradentate platinum complex (2017)

A tetradentate Pt(II) complex platinum (II) [10-(9-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl-κN)-9H-carbazol-2-yl-κC1)-9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethyl-3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)acridine-1-yl-κC1] (PtN′1N-tBu) incorporating pyrazolyl-acridine as the lumophore was demonstrated to act as a stable and efficient sky-blue emitter. Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing PtN′1N-tBu without the electron blocking layer (EBL) achieved a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.9% and an estimated operational lifetime LT70 of 635 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/cm2. The device efficiency could be further improved by adding TrisPCz as EBL, reaching EQE of 17.3% and operational lifetime up to 482 h at 1000 cd/cm2.
California Inheritance and Gift Taxes: A Summary (1955)

The initial California inheritance tax law was enacted in 1893.1 This, however, imposed a tax only on inheritance by so-called "collateral" relatives as distinguished from "direct" relatives.The latter group consisted of: father, mother, husband, wife, lawful issue, lineal descendants born in lawful wedlock, adopted child, brother, sister, wife or widow of a son and husband of a daughter.Any estate valued at less than $500 was exempt.In 1897,2 resident nieces and nephews were added to the list of direct relatives, but in 18991 such nephews and nieces and brothers and sisters were taken out of the list of direct relatives.The Inheritance Tax Act of 19051 is the basic statute for the inheritance tax as it now exists in California.This was a complete revision of
An LDPC Decoder With Time-Domain Analog and Digital Mixed-Signal Processing (2013)

Time-domain analog and digital mixed-signal processing (TD-AMS) is presented. Analog computation is more energy- and area-efficient at the cost of its limited accuracy, whereas digital computation is more versatile and derives greater benefits from technology scaling. Besides, design automation tools for digital circuits are much more sophisticated than those for analog circuits. TD-AMS exploits both advantages, and is a solution better suited to implementing a system on chip including functions for which high computational accuracy is not required, such as error correction, image processing, and machine learning. As an example, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code decoder with the technique is implemented in 65 nm CMOS and achieves the best reported efficiencies of 10.4 pJ/bit and 6.1 Gbps/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Bupropion Levels in Breast Milk for 4 Mother-Infant Pairs (2009)

Article AbstractLetter to the Editor Sir: Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant labeled for depressionand smoking cessation. There is limited pharmacokineticinformation about bupropion in the perinatal period. Thepurposes of this study were (1) to provide additional estimates ofthe concentration of bupropion in breast milk relative to maternalserum levels in nursing women and (2) to estimate the residualconcentration of bupropion in nursing infants.
Knowledge-based system for coding head and shoulder images (2002)

Several implementation issues of the primitive-based image codec are discussed, namely, the structure of the database, coding the primitives when no match is found in the database, buffer control, and accumulation of error. A hierarchical database, constructed during the coder's operation, is used to avoid difficulties of constructing an offline database. Singular-value decomposition of primitives is used in a way similar to that of transform coding to construct a compact database and to code the primitives when no match from the database is found. Accumulation of error is prevented by transmitting with each frame the pixels from three lines that are evenly spaced in the image raster and moved up each frame time. The achievable compression ratio is also analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Efficient Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (2011)

Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) provides faithful replication of mammalian prions in vitro and has numerous applications in prion research. However, the low efficiency of conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc) in PMCA limits the applicability of PMCA for many uses including structural studies of infectious prions. It also implies that only a small sub-fraction of PrP(C) may be available for conversion. Here we show that the yield, rate, and robustness of prion conversion and the sensitivity of prion detection are significantly improved by a simple modification of the PMCA format. Conducting PMCA reactions in the presence of Teflon beads (PMCAb) increased the conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc) from ∼10% to up to 100%. In PMCAb, a single 24-hour round consistently amplified PrP(Sc) by 600-700-fold. Furthermore, the sensitivity of prion detection in one round (24 hours) increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Using serial PMCAb, a 10¹²-fold dilution of scrapie brain material could be amplified to the level detectible by Western blotting in 3 rounds (72 hours). The improvements in amplification efficiency were observed for the commonly used hamster 263K strain and for the synthetic strain SSLOW that otherwise amplifies poorly in PMCA. The increase in the amplification efficiency did not come at the expense of prion replication specificity. The current study demonstrates that poor conversion efficiencies observed previously have not been due to the scarcity of a sub-fraction of PrP(C) susceptible to conversion nor due to limited concentrations of essential cellular cofactors required for conversion. The new PMCAb format offers immediate practical benefits and opens new avenues for developing fast ultrasensitive assays and for producing abundant quantities of PrP(Sc)in vitro.
A High Throughput Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Vector for Virus Induced Gene Silencing in Monocots and Dicots (2011)

Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with three genome components designated alpha, beta, and gamma. BSMV vectors have previously been shown to be efficient virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) vehicles in barley and wheat and have provided important information about host genes functioning during pathogenesis as well as various aspects of genes functioning in development. To permit more effective use of BSMV VIGS for functional genomics experiments, we have developed an Agrobacterium delivery system for BSMV and have coupled this with a ligation independent cloning (LIC) strategy to mediate efficient cloning of host genes. Infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves provided excellent sources of virus for secondary BSMV infections and VIGS in cereals. The Agro/LIC BSMV VIGS vectors were able to function in high efficiency down regulation of phytoene desaturase (PDS), magnesium chelatase subunit H (ChlH), and plastid transketolase (TK) gene silencing in N. benthamiana and in the monocots, wheat, barley, and the model grass, Brachypodium distachyon. Suppression of an Arabidopsis orthologue cloned from wheat (TaPMR5) also interfered with wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) infections in a manner similar to that of the A. thaliana PMR5 loss-of-function allele. These results imply that the PMR5 gene has maintained similar functions across monocot and dicot families. Our BSMV VIGS system provides substantial advantages in expense, cloning efficiency, ease of manipulation and ability to apply VIGS for high throughput genomics studies.
A preliminary account of TravTek route guidance use by rental and local drivers (1993)

TravTek is a joint sector operational field test of an advanced traveler information and traffic management system (ATIS/ATMS). The TravTek system comprised one hundred specially equipped cars; a Traffic Management Center (TMC); and the TravTek Information Services Center (TISC). The rental and local user field studies were conducted as part of the TravTek evaluation program as opportunities to observe how people used the system when they were free to make choices. Preliminary results focusing on how drivers used route guidance, a major feature available to TravTek drivers are given. Results are based on a subset of in-vehicle log data, and reveal how often drivers used the route guidance function, how they entered destinations, chose route selection methods, and used the visual and voice guidance displays.
K<sub>8</sub>(K<sub>5</sub>F)U<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>40</sub>: An Intergrowth Uranyl Silicate (2016)

Single crystals of K8(K5F)U6Si8O40 were grown from a mixed alkali halide flux. K8(K5F)U6Si8O40 is the first intergrowth uranyl silicate, being composed of alternating slabs related to two previously reported uranyl silicates: Cs2USiO6 and [Na9F2][(UO2)(UO2)2(Si2O7)2]. It exhibits intense luminescence, which is influenced by the [(UO2)2O] dimers present in the structure.
Influence of a ‘Rotating Tip’ on the Properties of Tubing Made Using a Cross-Head Tubing Die (1999)

Abstract A novel ‘Rotating Tip’ die has been designed and built that offers the tubing processor the ability to produce a wide variety of tubing ID's and OD's from a single fixed geometry die. Furthermore the device permits, amongst its many other advantages, the production of variable ID tapered tubing, increased hoop stress tubing and ease in production of microbore tubing.
Nonredundant Function of Phosphodiesterases 4D and 4B in Neutrophil Recruitment to the Site of Inflammation (2004)

Neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. With this study, we investigated how disruption of cAMP signaling impacts the function of neutrophil recruitment to the lung. Four genes code for type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4s), enzymes critical for regulation of cAMP levels and cell signaling. Ablation of two of these genes, PDE4B and PDE4D, but not PDE4A, has profound effects on neutrophil function. In a paradigm of mouse lung injury induced by endotoxin inhalation, the number of neutrophils recovered in the bronchoalveolar lavage was markedly decreased in PDE4D(-/-) and PDE4B(-/-) mice 4 and 24 h after exposure to LPS. Acute PDE4 inhibition with rolipram had additional inhibitory effects on neutrophil migration in PDE4B(-/-) and, to a lesser extent, PDE4D(-/-) mice. This decreased neutrophil recruitment occurred without major changes in chemokine accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage, suggesting a dysfunction intrinsic to neutrophils. This hypothesis was confirmed by investigating the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of neutrophils and chemotaxis in vitro. CD18 expression was decreased after ablation of both PDE4B and PDE4D, whereas CD11 expression was not significantly affected. Chemotaxis in response to KC and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 was markedly reduced in PDE4B(-/-) and PDE4D(-/-) neutrophils. The effect of PDE4 ablation on chemotaxis was comparable, but not additive, to the effects of acute PDE4 inhibition with rolipram. These data demonstrate that PDE4B and PDE4D play complementary, but not redundant, roles in the control of neutrophil function.
Rapamycin inhibits trypanosome cell growth by preventing TOR complex 2 formation (2008)

Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases control cell growth through two functionally distinct multiprotein complexes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) controls temporal cell growth and is sensitive to rapamycin, whereas TOR complex 2 (TORC2) is rapamycin resistant and regulates spatial cell growth. Here, we identified two TOR orthologues, TbTOR1 and TbTOR2, in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, as well as orthologues of the well-known TORC1 and TORC2 partners, KOG1/raptor and AVO3/rictor. TbTOR proteins differ in their functions, subcellular localization, and rapamycin sensitivity. TbTOR1 controls cell growth by regulating cell cycle, nucleolus structure, and protein synthesis, whereas TbTOR2 coordinates cell polarization and cytokinesis. Rapamycin treatment of bloodstream trypanosomes resulted in a pronounced reduction of cell proliferation, with an EC(50) of 152 nM. Unique for a eukaryote, we observed that rapamycin acted exclusively by preventing TORC2 formation, with no effect on TORC1. Our findings on TOR signaling in this protozoan, which is located in a distal position in the eukaryotic cell lineage, highlight the clinical possibilities of rapamycin derivates and provide valuable insights into understanding rapamycin-mediated inhibition of TORC2.
Electrical Taste Thresholds Established on the Medial Tongue using Two Sizes of Electrodes (2005)

Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: The present study determined whether a 125 mm 2 electrode would produce lower and more reliable electrical taste thresholds than a 25 mm 2 electrode when measurement occurred in a medial tongue region relatively sparse in taste bud numbers. We hypothesized this would be the case and that the obtained threshold values would be higher than those previously reported for anterior and lateral tongue regions. Study Design And Methods: Sixteen college‐age subjects were tested twice, once using the 25 mm 2 electrode and once using the 125 mm 2 electrode on each of two sessions separated by 2 to 16 days. The order of presentation of the sessions was counterbalanced across subjects. Measurement was confined to the medial tongue, 0.7 cm lateral to the median furrow. Results: As hypothesized, the larger electrode resulted in lower and more reliable threshold values than the smaller electrode (respective median threshold values = 20.06 μA & 33.59 μA, P = .001; respective test‐retest r s = 0.78 [ P < .001] and 0.46 [ P < .05]). Also as hypothesized, the threshold values were higher (i.e., sensitivity lower) than previously reported for anterior and lateral tongue regions. Conclusions: The magnitude and reliability of electrical taste thresholds depends on the tongue region examined and the size of the electrodes used. These results suggest that relatively large electrodes should be considered for electrogustometric threshold testing, particularly when lingual regions not highly populated with taste buds are evaluated.