gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Analysis of Single Algal Cells by Integrating Microspectroscopy with Mass Spectrometry (2011)

We demonstrate a facile label-free approach for performing multidimensional chemical analysis on individual single-cell organisms by combining optical, fluorescence, and Raman microspectroscopy with matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Single unicellular algae are seeded on a bare stainless steel plate and analyzed microspectroscopically. This provides information on the content and distribution of photoactive species, such as β-carotene, as well as chlorophyll and other components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Exactly the same cells are then analyzed by mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. Phospholipid species are readily ionized by laser desorption/ionization of intact cells, without the need for an auxiliary matrix. This not only facilitates sample preparation but also preserves high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Using this method, we were able to study the content and arrangement of proplastids and photosystem components, as well as the amounts of various phospholipid species in individual algal cells. The methodology can be used in the fundamental biological studies on these unicellular organisms, which require information on the internal structure as well as the chemical composition of individual cells.
microRNAs: important regulators of stem cells (2017)

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and have multi-lineage differentiation potential. Generally, stem cells are classified into adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Stem cells have great potential in clinical therapy due to their pluripotency and self-renewal ability. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which are evolutionarily conserved and participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, aging, cell fate decisions, and different signaling pathways. Different kinds of stem cells possess distinct miRNA expression profiles. Our review summarizes the critical roles of miRNAs in stem cell reprogramming, pluripotency maintenance, and differentiation. In the future, miRNAs may greatly contribute to stem cell clinical therapy and have potential applications in regenerative medicine.
Photophysics of <i>Fac</i>-Tris(2-Phenylpyridine) Iridium(III) Cored Electroluminescent Dendrimers in Solution and Films (2004)

We present time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies of novel first- and second-generation electrophosphorescent fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] cored dendrimers and compare them with neat films of molecular Ir(ppy)3. A PL quantum yield of ∼0.8 is observed in blends of the dendrimers with 4,4‘-bis(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) at room temperature, and the natural radiative lifetime of the emissive state (1.5 μs) is observed to be the same for dendrimers and molecular Ir(ppy)3. Quenching of the PL occurs in neat films, because of an energy transfer to less-emissive sites, which have ∼10 times lower oscillator strength. The PL quenching rate in spin-coated films of the first- and second-generation dendrimers is slower by a factor of 11 and 20, respectively, as compared to neat Ir(ppy)3 films prepared by evaporation. Dendrimer films showed a much smoother surface than Ir(ppy)3 films, which is consistent with more extensive aggregation of molecular Ir(ppy)3 than dendrimers.
Accurate analysis of MMI devices with two-dimensional confinement (1996)

The accurate analysis of multimode interference (MMI) devices with two-dimensional (2-D) confinement has been demonstrated by using the least squares boundary residual (LSBR) method. Accurate modal propagation constants and spatial field profiles in the MMI section are obtained by using the vector H-field based finite element method. The accurate calculation of the excited modal coefficients is achieved by using the LSBR, which satisfies the continuity of the transverse field components more rigorously than using simple overlap integrals.
Rigid polyurethane–clay nanocomposite foams: Preparation and properties (2006)

Abstract Rigid polyurethane–clay nanocomposite foams considered in this work are made with different clay types and for different clay concentrations. The densities of the foams are in the range of 140–160 kg/m 3 with possible application as structural materials and for underwater buoyancy‐related uses. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies confirm the formation of nanocomposites. The compressive modulus and the storage modulus of the foams increase and the mean cell size decreases with addition of clay. However, the hydraulic resistance of the nanocomposite foams, a measure of the strength of the foam lamellae, is lower than that of the foams without clay. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2802–2809, 2007
Violin pedagogy for finger and bow placement using augmented reality (2012)

Abstract—Beginners need a long time before being able to play correctly violin. Learning the bowing technique appears to be a difficult task and retains most of the attention of beginners. Besides this point, the finger placement is also an important part of the learning but often under estimated. One difficulty is that the fingerboard of the violin does not have frets. In this on-going work, we present a marker-less augmented reality system that advises the novice players about their fingering and bowing. We display in real-time the virtual frets by tracking the violin with a depth camera. We also capture and recognize the note currently played to direct the placement of the bow on the strings. I.
Kinetics of carbon dioxide sorption on potassium doped lithium zirconate (2003)

Potassium-doped lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3) sorbents with similar crystallite but different aggregate sizes were prepared by a solid-state reaction method from mixtures of Li2CO3, K2CO3, and ZrO2 of different particle sizes. Carbon dioxide sorption rate on the prepared Li2ZrO3 sorbents increases with decreasing sorbent aggregate size. It is the size of the aggregate, not the crystallite, of Li2ZrO3 that controls the sorption rate. Temperature effect on CO2 sorption is complex, depending on both kinetic and thermodynamic factors. A mathematical model based on the double-shell sorption mechanism was established for CO2 sorption kinetics and it can fit experimental data quite well. Above 500°C, the rate-limiting step of CO2 sorption is the diffusion of oxygen ions through the ZrO2 shell formed during the carbonation reaction. Oxygen ion conductivities in the ZrO2 shell were obtained by regression of the experimental CO2 uptake curves with the model and are consistent with the literature data.
TEM Observations of Pyramidal Hillocks Formed on (001) Silicon Wafers during Chemical Etching (1980)

The pyramidal hillocks bounded by four convergent {111} planes have appeared on annealed (001) silicon wafers. Observations by TEM (transmission electron microscope) of an annealed (001) wafer with oxidation‐induced stacking faults show that the pyramidal hillock is not an extraneous substance such as precipitate but an intrinsic part of the substrate silicon crystal. A possible mechanism of hillock formation discussed in detail verifies the formation of pyramidal hillocks on annealed (001) silicon wafers. By using the ultrasonic agitating etching technique, a flat (001) surface without pyramidal hillocks can be obtained.
Observations on the Relative Constancy of Ammonia Production by Certain Bacteria: Studies in Bacterial Metabolism. X (1913)

Journal Article Observations on the Relative Constancy of Ammonia Production by Certain Bacteria: Studies in Bacterial Metabolism. X Get access Arthur I. Kendall, Arthur I. Kendall From the Department of Bacteriology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander A. Day, Alexander A. Day From the Department of Bacteriology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur W. Walker Arthur W. Walker From the Department of Bacteriology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 13, Issue 3, November 1913, Pages 425–428, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/13.3.425 Published: 01 November 1913 Article history Received: 18 June 1913 Published: 01 November 1913
Immunization of the Elderly and Patients with Collagen Vascular Diseases with Live Varicella Vaccine and Use of Varicella Skin Antigen (1992)

Elderly subjects and patients with collagen vascular diseases were immunized with a live varicella vaccine to assess the vaccine's potential for preventing herpes zoster. An improved varicella-zoster virus (VZV) skin test antigen was then used to assess cell-mediated immunity to VZV. The antigen was prepared from culture fluid of VZV-infected cells and had far less protein content than crude antigen prepared by sonication of infected cells. In 11 of 12 patients with ophthalmic zoster and 17 of 21 with dermal zoster, the skin reaction was negative at the beginning of the disease but became positive later. After two doses of VZV vaccine, 8 of 12 elderly subjects (greater than 60 years old) and 4 of 6 patients with collagen vascular diseases, who were VZV-skin test negative but purified protein derivative tuberculin test-positive, became VZV skin test-positive.
Clinical Evaluation of the Multiplex PCR Assay for the Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Respiratory Specimens from Patients with Pneumonia (2010)

Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Bordetella pertussis are common pathogens of CAP; however, the conventional methods used to detect these agents, including culturing, lack sensitivity and are time-consuming. We evaluated a recently developed multiplex PCR assay which can test these agents simultaneously. Methods One hundred patients with pneumonia and 99 healthy adults were tested using the Seeplex Pneumobacter ACE Detection assay (Seegene, Inc., Seoul, Korea). Culture and urinary antigen tests were also performed. Results In patients with pneumonia, the positive detection rates of PCR for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were 52.0% (52/100) and 30.0% (30/100), respectively, those of M. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila were 2.0% (2/100) and 1.0% (1/100), respectively, and B. pertussis and C. pneumoniae were not detected. In healthy adults, the detection rates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae revealed similar results, 53.5% (53/101) and 40.4% (40/101), respectively, and the other four pathogens were not detected. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR for S. pneumoniae in pneumonia patients were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.9∼100%) and 65.7% (95% CI, 55.2∼76.5%), respectively, according to the urinary antigen test and cultures of the respiratory samples and blood. Conclusion Differentiating S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae colonization from infection was difficult using the PCR assay. Therefore, the use of this assay is inappropriate for the diagnosis of pneumonia due to these agents, although multiplex PCR assay would be useful for the detection of M. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila.
Lentivector immunization induces tumor antigen‐specific B and T cell responses <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Expression of the cancer/germ-line antigen NY-ESO-1 by tumors elicits spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses in some cancer patients. Development of vaccines capable of stimulating such comprehensive immune responses is desirable. We have produced recombinant lentivectors directing the intracellular synthesis of NY-ESO-1 (rLV/ESO) and have analyzed the in vivo immune response elicited by this vector. Single injection of rLV/ESO into HLA-A2-transgenic mice elicited long-lasting B and T cell responses against NY-ESO-1. CD8+ T cells against the HLA-A2-restricted peptide NY-ESO-1(157-165) were readily detectable ex vivo and showed restricted TCR Vbeta usage. Moreover, rLV/ESO elicited a far greater anti-NY-ESO-1(157-165) CD8+ T cell response than peptide- or protein-based vaccines. Anti-NY-ESO-1 antibodies were rapidly induced after immunization and their detection preceded that of the antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. The rLV/ESO also induced CD4+ T cells. These cells played an essential role as their depletion completely abrogated B cell and CD8+ T cell responses against NY-ESO-1. The induced CD4+ T cells were primarily directed against a single NY-ESO-1 epitope spanning amino acids 81-100. Altogether, our study shows that rLV/ESO induces potent and comprehensive immune responses in vivo.
Development of Superplasticity in 5083 Aluminum with Additions of Mn and Zr (1994)

The superplastic behavior of the 5083 aluminum alloy with additions of Mn and Zr was studied by uniaxial tensile testing and microstructural evaluations. Additions of up to 0.2% Zr and 0.8% Mn were made to a base 5083 aluminum alloy to decrease the grain size and improve superplastic behavior. Constant strain-rate tensile test data were used to determine strain-rate sensitivity (m values) and elongations-to-failure for the alloys at strain rates ranging from 4 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} to 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} at temperatures of 450 to 550C. Elongations-to-failure of up to 400% at 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1} were achieved for the modified alloys. The strain-rate sensitivity for the alloys as a function of strain was determined and two distinct behaviors were observed. For the alloys having composition close to the base 5083 alloy, the m value steadily decreased with increasing strain; however, in alloys with higher levels of Zr, the m value remained stable. A maximum m value of 0.65 was achieved at 0.7 strain for the 1.6% Mn and 0.2% Zr alloy at 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} s{sup {minus}1}.
[Clinical efficacy of lamivudine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B]. (2001)

Lamivudine 100 mg daily could suppress HBV replication rapidly and be well tolerated. However, in some cases, YMDD mutation may lead to HBV DNA breakthrough.
Attachment of Nucleosides to Solid‐Phase Supports (2000)

Specific step-by-step instructions are given for coupling nucleosides to LCAA-CPG supports (supports consisting of a long-chain alkylamine linked to controlled-pore glass). Protocols are given for a succinic acid linker and a hydroquinone-O,O'-diacetic acid linker. The former is the most widely used linker arm, and the starting materials are widely available. The latter offers greater compatibility with base-sensitive sequence modifications and great synthetic throughput because it can be cleaved under milder and faster conditions. Additional guidelines are given for selecting a linker arm and coupling protocol. Almost any application requiring synthetic oligonucletodies can be satisfied using one of these linker arms.
Traveling salesman problem and Tsallis statistics (1995)

A generalization of the stochastic method of simulated annealing algorithm based on Tsallis statistics is proposed. This algorithm is considerably faster than the traditional ones in solving the traveling salesman problem. Acceptable solutions are found in fewer steps and higher temperatures than both the classical and the fast simulated annealings. Recent developments in solving NP-complete problems can be incorporated and improve the performance even more.
A New and Direct Synthesis of 2-Substituted Pyrrolidines (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteA New and Direct Synthesis of 2-Substituted PyrrolidinesMiguel Yus, Tatiana Soler, and Francisco FoubeloView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 18, 6207–6208Publication Date (Web):August 8, 2001Publication History Received23 April 2001Published online8 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo010419nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo010419nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1634Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Carbonyls,Cyclization,Pyrrolidines,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
IV.—OTHER MINDS (1952)

Journal Article IV.—OTHER MINDS Get access A. H. B. ALLEN A. H. B. ALLEN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXI, Issue 243, July 1952, Pages 328–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXI.243.328 Published: 01 July 1952
Potential applications of NIR spectrometry in the sugar industry. (2000)

In the four most recent sugar beet campaigns, near-infrared (NIR) techniques were investigated with a view to their applicability in sugar production. The advantage of the NIR method lies in the quick availability of the results. Transmission readings were made on technical sugar solutions and reflection readings on beet brei and pressed and dried pulp. This paper deals with the results of the laboratory studies, which mainly focused on the dry substance and sucrose content. The predictive values of the NIR analysis and the analyzed reference values were found to agree closely in technical sugar solutions during the beet campaign in a sugar factory. But this was not the case with heterogeneous sample material. NIR readings on molasses samples in two sugar factories stretching over several years showed the need to dedicate considerable effort on the further development of the calibrations. In dealing with solids, specific problems of the uniform state of the reflection surface came to the fore, which indicated the necessity of suitable sample preparation.
Backside-Illuminated GaN-on-Si Schottky Photodiodes for UV Radiation Detection (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this letter, we report on the fabrication of near-ultraviolet photodetectors based on gallium nitride (GaN) layers grown on a Si(111) substrate. Optoelectronic characterization was performed using front-side and backside illumination, the latter possible by locally etching the Si substrate under the detectors using reactive ion etching. The dark current after removal of the Si substrate decreased by two orders of magnitude to around 20 fA at <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula>1 V for a 300-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$ </tex></formula>-diameter Schottky photodiode. Responsivity at the cutoff wavelength (370 nm) was equal to 35 mA/W for the backside illumination. Detection at smaller wavelengths was not possible due to a nonoptimized layer stack. These first results do however illustrate the potential of backside-illuminated GaN-on-Si Schottky photodiodes in 2-D UV imagers. </para>
Local tourism awards: Why bother? (1999)

The investigation reported on sought to confirm a view that, despite their neglect in tourism and marketing literature, awards can constitute a valuable element in the public relations and promotion strategies of organisations. A brief review highlights the popularity of awards in a number of business areas, and the significance attached to the recognition which award schemes provide. Participants in two subregional tourism association award programs were surveyed to ascertain their reasons for entering, the perceived benefits gained, the difficulties encountered in preparing a submission, reasons for rejecting participation and suggestions for improvement of the schemes.
Growth of Cationic Micelles in the Presence of Organic Additives (2000)

Electrochemical and dynamic light scattering measurements were performed to understand the growth behavior of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles in aqueous KCl solutions in the presence of organic additives such as sodium salicylate (SS), sodium p-toluenesulfonate (SPTS) and sodium 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylate (SHNC). The detergent concentration, Cd, of each solution is fixed at 0.025 M, the electrolyte concentration is 0.1 M KCl, but the concentration of the additive, Cs, is varied to induce the structural transition. The self-diffusion coefficient, Dm, of ferrocene solubilized within the micelles indicates a rapid growth of micelles above a threshold concentration Cs* of the additive. This behavior is an indication of the formation of long threadlike micelles and subsequent entanglement of these micelles for additive concentration exceeding Cs*. Our observations suggest that the micellar growth is governed by the electrostatic interaction of the surfactant headgroups in combination with the hydrophobicity of the additive. Screening of the electrostatic interaction decreases the surface area of the headgroup leading to an increase of the packing parameter, p, which in turn promotes the growth of the micelles. The process of growth of micelles as a function of the concentration of the additive was also monitored by probing the diffusion coefficient, Dp, of polystyrene (PS) probe particles incorporated in these micellar solutions. The Dp value decreases rapidly above a threshold concentration of the additive due to the confinement of particles in the network of polymer like micelles. The observed variation in Dp correlates with the self-diffusion coefficient, Dm, of the micelles as obtained from cyclic voltammetric measurements.
[Nematode parasites of birds of the fauna in Tunisia]. (1990)

330 birds of Tunisia were necropsied; they belong to 73 species among 29 families and 13 orders. We so collect 36 species of nematodes from 9 families. The relative importance of these is variable. The best represented are: Capillariidae (6 species), Spiruridae (6 species), Acuariidae (9 species) and Filariidae (6 species). The parasitism by nematodes is not uniform. Among the 330 birds autopsied only 51 were parasited by nematodes (15.45%) among 25 of the examined birds species (34.2%). Among these 25, sixteen (64%) presented only one species of parasitic nematode, six (24%) arboured two, (8%) three and only one, (partridges) presents six species of nematodes.