gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allergic contact dermatitis to preservatives. (2006)

In summary, a wide variety of skin care products contain preservatives. Patients who are allergic to one of these preservatives may have either localized or widespread dermatitis. Affected patients may find it difficult to avoid thimerosal without the help of the health care provider because the use of these allergens is so widespread. Patch testing is an invaluable tool for patients who struggle with dermatitis. Antigen-avoidance lists that facilitate patient education about what products to avoid are available from the manufacturers of patch test allergens (for example, TRUE Test or Chemotechnique). These lists are helpful starting points for patients in that they provide general categories (for example, shampoos, soaps, or creams) of products that the patient should avoid. With these printed guidelines alone, patients must read skin care product labels carefully, looking for the names of their allergens as identified by patch tests as well as for any synonyms and cross-reactors of these allergens. Thus, patients may feel overwhelmed by hearing the names of allergens that are long and complex. After an allergen has been identified, the nurse can play a key role in helping patients understand their dermatitis and its management. Nurses are in a unique position to spend time educating patients about how to uncover the sources of specific allergens and, subsequently, how to avoid them. The Contact Allergen Replacement Database can help in this educational process by giving patients a shopping list of specific items that are free of the specific allergens causing their allergic contact dermatitis.
On the Study of Microstrip Ring and Varactor-Tuned Ring Circuits (1987)

Equivalent circuits have been derived for microstrip ring and varactor-tuned ring resonators. It was found that the resonant frequency is slightly lower as the coupling gap becomes smaller. Varactor-tuned ring resonators have been developed with up to 15 percent tuning bandwidth using packaged varactor diodes. A dielectrically loaded microstrip ring circuit with lower loss was demonstrated. The results should have many applications in electronically tunable oscillators and filters in both hybrid and monolithic integrated circuits.
An Analytical Approach to the Standardization of Digital Videotape Recorders (1982)

An agreement has been reached between the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and the European Broadcasting Union concerning the most important parameters for digital television signal origination. It is now possible to proceed with standardization of the videotape recorder. The parameters that must be considered toward this goal are discussed. Conclusions are reached about the basic standardization principles that must be taken into account. It is stated what parameters must be standardized and which ones will not preclude compatibility if not standardized.
An Improved Integrated Electronic Nose for Online Measurement of VOCs in Indoor Air (2005)

An improved integrated electronic nose mimic human olfactory system was developed and applied to online measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. An enrichment unit based on active adsorbent sampling and thermal desorption was employed to lower detection limits to matching environmental concentrations. Tow kinds of optimized arrays of sensors were designed, and an FFT and RBF artificial neural network were employed for dynamic signal extraction and pattern recognition, respectively. Results showed good performance of our electronic nose in qualitative and semi-quantitative measurement.
Phase 2 trial of talabostat in stage IV melanoma (2005)

7570 Background: Talabostat (T) is an oral inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases such as fibroblast activation protein found on the stroma of tumors and in melanomas. Administration of T stimulates cytokine and chemokine production in humans and animals resulting in specific T-cell immunity and T-cell independent activity. In xenograft models of melanoma (A375, A2058), T significantly reduced tumor size >60% in immunodeficient mice. A clinical trial was initiated to evaluate the activity of this oral agent in melanoma. Methods: Open-label, single-arm, Phase 2 study in up to 30 evaluable patients with Stage IV melanoma using the Simon 2-stage design. Treatment is administered as six 3-week cycles of T-300μg administered orally BID Days 1–14. Dose-escalation of T to 400μg BID allowed in subsequent cycles depending on tolerability. T can be continued past 6 cycles at the discretion of the investigator. Patients must have an ECOG PS 0–2 with expected survival ≥12 weeks, measureable disease per RECIST, no active CNS metastases, LDH, ALT, and AST <3X ULN, and no more than 1 prior bio- or chemotherapy regimen for Stage IV melanoma. Primary endpoint is disease response; secondary endpoints include survival, PFS, duration of response, and cytokine expression in serum and biopsy tissue. Results: Ten patients (7 men and 3 women) have enrolled to date. The median age is 64 (range 37 to 76). Six patients received prior treatment, and 4 are treatment-naive for Stage IV disease. One patient has SD after 6 cycles of treatment, 2 had PD after 2 cycles, and 6 are awaiting a post-Cycle 2 assessment. The most frequently reported AEs are edema (40%), and fatigue, nausea, and myalgia/arthralgia (all 20%). One patient experienced Grade 3 events of edema, hypotension, acute prerenal failure, hyperkalemia, nausea, and vomiting. The patient was hydrated and continued on study medication. One patient died due to PD in Cycle 1 prior to a post-baseline assessment. Conclusions: In the initial cohort of 10 patients, 1 patient has SD at 18 weeks, and 2 patients had PD after 6 weeks on treatment. Six patients are on treatment awaiting post-baseline evaluations. The most common AEs have been edema, fatigue, nausea, and myalgia/arthralgia. Updated results will be presented at the annual meeting. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Point Therapeutics Point Therapeutics Point Therapeutics Point Therapeutics
Internet of Things (IoT): Taxonomy of security attacks (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises a complex network of smart devices, which frequently exchange data through the Internet. Given the significant growth of IoT as a new technological paradigm, which may involve safety-critical operations and sensitive data to be put online, its security aspect is vital. This paper studies the network security matters in the smart home, health care and transportation domains. It is possible that the interruption might occur in IoT devices during operation causing them to be in the shutdown mode. Taxonomy of security attacks within IoT networks is constructed to assist IoT developers for better awareness of the risk of security flaws so that better protections shall be incorporated.
A Process Used in Evaluation of Managed-Pressure Drilling Candidates and Probabilistic Cost-Benefit Analysis (2006)

Abstract The paper will discuss the processes, methods, factors and parameters utilized to evaluate potential candidates using a defined process and simulation methods for the application of Managed-Pressure Drilling (MPD) technology in well construction operations. The use of MPD technologies can influence many wellbore pressure-related drilling challenges, including lost circulation, kicks, wellbore ballooning, tight pore pressure (PP)/fracture pressure (FP) margins, close tolerance casing programs, wellbore stability problems, shallow water/gas flows, slow ROP, etc. These techniquesmay also enable future well programs that are currently thought to be conventionally ‘undesignable’ with single gradient mud systems. Potential drilling efficiency benefits may include improved HSE, drilling with less Non-Productive Time (NPT) or trouble time, improved wellbore stability, reduced mud losses, improved ROP performance and extension of casing seats/fewer casing strings A process has been applied to evaluate the economics of candidate wells for the use of MPD. This evaluation has included the use of a probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation of the potential results of the use of MPD and takes into account time dependent, cost dependent and performance related factors. The use of other technologies such as wellbore strengthening or wellbore stability technologies in conjunction with MPD can also be modeled to look at the overall benefit of use of all applied technologies within the well construction process. The significance of MPD, in the face of increasing well construction costs around the world, is that these techniques may allow step-change reductions in drilling duration and associated costs. More importantly, MPD may allow the drilling of wells that cannot be drilled with conventional drilling processes. MPD technologies may also allow improved well performance through a more efficientcompletion size and an increase in recoverable reserves. Managed-Pressure Drilling (MPD) Managed-Pressure Drilling (MPD) is an advanced form of primary well control that many times employs a closed and pressurizable drilling fluid system that allows potentially greater and more precise control of the annular wellbore pressure profiles than mud weight and pump rate adjustments alone. The primary objective of MPD is to optimize drilling processes by decreasing non-productive time (NPT) and mitigating drilling hazards in the well construction process.1 The IADC Managed Pressure Drilling and Underbalanced Operations Committee defines Managed-Pressure Drilling as: ‘MPD is an adaptive drilling process used to more precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore. The objectives are to ascertain the downhole pressure environment limits and to manage the annular hydraulic ressure profile accordingly.’2 MPD processes employ a collection of tools and techniques which may mitigate the risks and costs associated with drilling wells that have narrow downhole environmental limits by proactively managing the annular hydraulic pressure profile.
Electrochemistry of polyacetylene, (CH)x. Characteristics of the reduced polyacetylene electrode (1984)

The coulombic efficiency, stability, constant-current discharge characteristics, energy density, power density and the relation of cell potential to degree of reduction of a partly reduced polyacetylene cathode, [Li+y(CHy–)]x(y⩽ 0.1), in a cell of the type [Li+y(CHy–)]x|LiClO4(tetrahydrofuran)|Li have been investigated. Coulombic efficiencies of ca. 100% are found at reduction levels up to 10 mol%. In its completely charged state the cell consists of parent, neutral (CH)x which appears to be stable indefinitely in the electrolyte. In the discharged state the [Li+y(CHy–)]x cathode also appears to be stable indefinitely in the electrolyte up to 7 mol% reduction, the highest level at which long-term stability studies have been carried out. Energy densities of ca. 201 W h kg–1(based on the weights of the electroactive materials involved in the discharge process) are obtained for 10 mol% reduced polyacetylene cathodes under constant-current discharge conditions. Maximum power densities of ca. 2900 W kg–1 are observed.
Mobile ad hoc cloud: A survey (2016)

Abstract The unabated flurry of research activities to augment various mobile devices in terms of compute‐intensive task execution by leveraging heterogeneous resources of available devices in the local vicinity has created a new research domain called mobile ad hoc cloud (MAC) or mobile cloud. It is a new type of mobile cloud computing (MCC). MAC is deemed to be a candidate blueprint for future compute‐intensive applications with the aim of delivering high functionalities and rich impressive experience to mobile users. However, MAC is yet in its infancy, and a comprehensive survey of the domain is still lacking. In this paper, we survey the state‐of‐the‐art research efforts carried out in the MAC domain. We analyze several problems inhibiting the adoption of MAC and review corresponding solutions by devising a taxonomy. Moreover, MAC roots are analyzed and taxonomized as architectural components, applications, objectives, characteristics, execution model, scheduling type, formation technologies, and node types. The similarities and differences among existing proposed solutions by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages are also investigated. We also compare the literature based on objectives. Furthermore, our study advocates that the problems stem from the intrinsic characteristics of MAC by identifying several new principles. Lastly, several open research challenges such as incentives, heterogeneity‐ware task allocation, mobility, minimal data exchange, and security and privacy are presented as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence that the Linker between the Methyltransferase and Helicase Domains of Potato Virus X Replicase Is Involved in Homologous RNA Recombination (2009)

Recombination in RNA viruses, one of the main factors contributing to their genetic variability and evolution, is a widespread phenomenon. In this study, an in vivo assay to characterize RNA recombination in potato virus X (PVX), under high selection pressure, was established. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to express in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue both a PVX isolate labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) containing a coat protein deletion mutation (DeltaCP) and a transcript encoding a functional coat protein +3'-ntr. Coexpression of the constructs led to virus movement and systemic infection; reconstituted recombinants were observed in 92% of inoculated plants. Similar results were obtained using particle bombardment, demonstrating that recombination mediated by A. tumefaciens was not responsible for the occurrence of PXC recombinants. The speed of recombination could be estimated by agroinfection of two PVX mutants lacking the 3' and 5' halves of the genome, respectively, with an overlap in the triple gene block 1 gene, allowing GFP expression only in the case of recombination. Ten different pentapeptide insertion scanning replicase mutants with replication abilities comparable to wild-type virus were applied in the different recombination assays. Two neighboring mutants affecting the linker between the methyltransferase and helicase domains were shown to be strongly debilitated in their ability to recombine. The possible functional separation of replication and recombination in the replicase molecule supports the model that RNA recombination represents a distinct function of this protein, although the underlying mechanism still needs to be investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHTHALOYL CHLORIDE WITH DIAMINES (1985)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Phthaloyl‐ Chlorid (I) mit den diprim.
Guest Editorial Forward to the Special Issue on Information Reuse and Integration (2009)

The overall aim of this special issue is to bring together the industrial applications or review a genre that: 1) provide a summary of research that advances information reuse and integration , and 2) serve as a comprehensive collection of some of the current state-of-the-art technologies within the context of information reuse and integration. Five papers were selected for this issue.
<i>In vitro</i>cellular immune responses to complex and newly defined recombinant antigens of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2004)

The immunological diagnosis and development of new antituberculosis vaccines require the characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens inducing cell-mediated immune responses. In this study, we have tested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis (TB) patients (n = 43) and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy subjects (n = 24) for in vitro cellular immune responses, as indicated by antigen-induced proliferation and interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion, in response to a panel of complex (culture filtrate and cell wall preparations) and single recombinant antigens (Mtb8.4, Mtb9.8, Mtb9.9, Mtb32A, Mtb39A, Mtb40, Mtb41 and Ag85B) of M. tuberculosis. The results of cellular responses showed that the majority (ranging from 70 to 98%) of TB patients and healthy donors responded to the complex antigens in antigen-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion assays. However, when PBMC from the same groups of patients and healthy donors were tested with the recombinant antigens, TB patients showed strong recognition (>50% responders) of Mtb9.8 and Mtb39A in proliferation assays (median SI = 6.2 and 6.4, respectively) and of Mtb9.8, Mtb39A, Mtb40 and Ag85B in IFN-gamma assays (median delta IFN-gamma= 15.5, 10.8, 7.8 and 8.1 U/ml, respectively). BCG-vaccinated healthy donors showed weak (<30% responders) to moderate (31-50% responders) responses to all of the recombinant antigens in both assays. When PBMC of a subset of TB patients (n = 11) were tested for secretion of protective Th1 cytokines [IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12] and the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, the complex CF and CW antigens as well as the recombinant Mtb9.8, Mtb9.9, Mtb40 and Ag85B induced the secretion of both types of cytokines. On the other hand, Mtb41 induced only IL-10, while Mtb8.4, Mtb32Aand Mtb39A induced the secretion of one or more of Th1 cytokines, but not IL-10. In conclusion, the recombinant antigens inducing the secretion of Th1 cytokines could be useful as subunit vaccine candidates against TB.
A convenient synthesis of 2-cyclopentenone. (1986)

A convenient and practical synthesis of 2-cyclopentenone has been developed.
An efficient A* search algorithm for statistical machine translation (2001)

In this paper, we describe an efficient A* search algorithm for statistical machine translation. In contrary to beam-search or greedy approaches it is possible to guarantee the avoidance of search errors with A*. We develop various so-phisticated admissible and almost admissible heuristic functions. Especially our newly developped method to perform a multi-pass A* search with an iteratively improved heuristic function allows us to translate even long sentences. We compare the A* search algorithm with a beam-search approach on the Hansards task.
Cold season emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget (2015)

Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are major global sources of methane (CH4); hence, it is important to understand the seasonal and climatic controls on CH4 emissions from these systems. Here, we report year-round CH4 emissions from Alaskan Arctic tundra eddy flux sites and regional fluxes derived from aircraft data. We find that emissions during the cold season (September to May) account for ≥ 50% of the annual CH4 flux, with the highest emissions from noninundated upland tundra. A major fraction of cold season emissions occur during the "zero curtain" period, when subsurface soil temperatures are poised near 0 °C. The zero curtain may persist longer than the growing season, and CH4 emissions are enhanced when the duration is extended by a deep thawed layer as can occur with thick snow cover. Regional scale fluxes of CH4 derived from aircraft data demonstrate the large spatial extent of late season CH4 emissions. Scaled to the circumpolar Arctic, cold season fluxes from tundra total 12 ± 5 (95% confidence interval) Tg CH4 y(-1), ∼ 25% of global emissions from extratropical wetlands, or ∼ 6% of total global wetland methane emissions. The dominance of late-season emissions, sensitivity to soil environmental conditions, and importance of dry tundra are not currently simulated in most global climate models. Because Arctic warming disproportionally impacts the cold season, our results suggest that higher cold-season CH4 emissions will result from observed and predicted increases in snow thickness, active layer depth, and soil temperature, representing important positive feedbacks on climate warming.
Extensive diversity in circadian regulation of plasma lipids and evidence for different circadian metabolic phenotypes in humans (2013)

The circadian system regulates daily rhythms in lipid metabolism and adipose tissue function. Although disruption of circadian clock function is associated with negative cardiometabolic end points, very little is known about interindividual variation in circadian-regulated metabolic pathways. Here, we used targeted lipidomics-based approaches to profile the time course of 263 lipids in blood plasma in 20 healthy individuals. Over a span of 28 h, blood was collected every 4 h and plasma lipids were analyzed by HPLC/MS. Across subjects, about 13% of lipid metabolites showed circadian variation. Rhythmicity spanned all metabolite classes examined, suggesting widespread circadian control of lipid-mediated energy storage, transport, and signaling. Intersubject agreement for lipids identified as rhythmic was only about 20%, however, and the timing of lipid rhythms ranged up to 12 h apart between individuals. Healthy subjects therefore showed substantial variation in the timing and strength of rhythms across different lipid species. Strong interindividual differences were also observed for rhythms of blood glucose and insulin, but not cortisol. Using consensus clustering with iterative feature selection, subjects clustered into different groups based on strength of rhythmicity for a subset of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines, suggesting that there are different circadian metabolic phenotypes in the general population. These results have potential implications for lipid metabolism disorders linked to circadian clock disruption.
Detecting Vehicle Anomaly in the Edge via Sensor Consistency and Frequency Characteristic (2019)

Autonomous vehicles are expected to significantly enhance the human mobility. However, recently researchers have discovered and demonstrated some attacks on vehicles, which have caused a panic among the public. Furthermore, these attacks have demonstrated that the security issue is still one of the major challenges of vehicles. In this paper, we propose a novel edge computing based anomaly detection, coined edge computing based vehicle anomaly detection (EVAD), which exploits edge based sensor data fusion to identify the anomaly events. The time domain property, i.e., the correlation between different intra-vehicle sensors, and the frequency domain property of sensor data are utilized to judge whether an anomaly has occurred within the vehicle. Especially, to reduce the computation overhead and improve the performance, multiple sensors will be organized as ring architecture, which is a tradeoff of detection accuracy and complexity. In addition, the major components (e.g., anomaly detection module) of EVAD are embedded in edge computing devices, which make the anomaly detection be more efficient and privacy preserving. Meanwhile, a more appropriate model is generated on the cloud server, of which computation overhead maybe heavy for edge computing devices. This paper evaluates the performance of EVAD under different scenarios, and the experimental results demonstrate its feasibility and efficiency. The average true positive rate achieves 99.5% with 1% false positive rate.