gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor‐β1 preserves epithelial barrier function: Identification of receptors, biochemical intermediates, and cytokine antagonists (1999)

Freshly isolated human mucosal T lymphocytes in vitro can markedly diminish an important property of intestinal epithelium—its barrier function. On the other hand, cytokines and their cellular receptors, which maintain homeostasis of epithelia, limit epithelial permeability, and preserve barrier function, are not well characterized. Using a described human colonic epithelial cell monolayer system, we found that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) preserved 75% or more of epithelial barrier function, quantitated electrophysiologically, even in the presence of cytokines generated by a high density of barrier-disruptive mucosa-derived mononuclear cells. In opposing the TGF-β1 effect, cytokines able to reduce barrier function were spontaneously secreted by mucosal T cells and were increased in their barrier effect after T-lymphocyte activation. Further, neutralization of individual cytokines with specific monoclonal antibodies abrogated the lymphocyte-induced reduction in epithelial barrier function, and identified interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10, but not IL-6, as the primary cytokines whose barrier effects were curtailed by TGF-β1. Receptors (RI and RII) for TGF-β1 were found to be localized primarily to the apical and basal membranes of surface epithelium in colonic crypts. These findings provide the scientific basis for new strategies to pharmacologically enhance the barrier function of epithelia in mucosal organs regularly exposed to environmental antigens and to T-lymphocyte products. J. Cell. Physiol. 181:55–66, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An electrophoretic method for the detection of chymotrypsin and trypsin activity directly in whole blood (2009)

In biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, it is a major challenge to measure disease-related degradative enzyme activity directly in whole blood. Present techniques for assaying degradative enzyme activity require sample preparation, which makes the assays time-consuming and costly. This study now describes a simple and rapid electrophoretic method that allows detection of degradative enzyme activity directly in whole blood using charge-changing fluorescent peptide substrates. Charge-changing substrates eliminate the need for sample preparation by producing positively charged cleavage fragments that can be readily separated from the oppositely charged fluorescent substrate and blood components by electrophoresis. Two peptide substrates have been developed for pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin. For the first substrate, a detection limit of 3 ng for both alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin was achieved in whole rat blood using a 4% agarose gel. This substrate had minimal cross-reactivity with the trypsin-like proteases thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein. For the second substrate (trypsin-specific), a detection limit of about 10-20 pg was achieved using thinner higher resolution 20 and 25% polyacrylamide gels. Thus, the new charge changing peptide substrates enable a simple electrophoretic assay format for the measurement of degradative enzyme activity, which is an important step toward the development of novel point-of-care diagnostics.
Molecular genetics of herpes simplex virus: Demonstration of regions of obligatory and nonobligatory identity within diploid regions of the genome by sequence replacement and insertion (1978)

The DNAs of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 consist of two components, L and S, each composed of unique sequences bracketed by inverted repeats. In this study we have probed the structure of the reiterated regions of the S component in marker rescue experiments involving transfection of cells with mixtures of intact HSV-1 mutant viral DNA and individual DNA fragments generated by restriction endonuclease digestion of wild-type HSV-1 or HSV-2 DNAs. The results were as follows: (i) HSV is diploid for the wild-type sequences that rescue two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. DNA fragments from both reiterated regions of the S component of HSV-1(F) DNA can rescue tsLB2 and tsD mutants. (ii) Identity of the entire reiterated sequence at both ends of S is not obligatory because only one end of the S component of wild phenotype virus HSV-1(1061) rescues tsD even though both ends rescue tsLB2. (iii) Genes in both reiterated sequences can be expressed. We produced, by marker rescue experiments, recombinants with heterotypic ends of the S component, and these specified corresponding polypeptides characteristic of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. (iv) The reiterated sequences of the S component may contain a region of obligatory identity. Thus, several recombinant clones produced by rescue with HSV-2 DNA contained identical HSV-2 DNA insertions within both reiterated regions of the HSV-1 S component. Consistent with this conclusion, the termini of the S component in the heterodiploids described in iii were identical by restriction enzyme analysis. (v) The observation that HSV DNA can be expanded by at least 5 x 10(6) by means of insertion in the S component suggests that it can be a vehicle for exogenous DNA.
Low‐Grade Inflammation in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Plasma Lipids and Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Biomarkers (2015)

The inflammatory plasma lipid biomarkers PGE2 and 15-HETE identify patients with symptomatic knee OA, and the PBL inflammatory transcriptome identifies a subset of patients with symptomatic knee OA who are at increased risk of radiographic progression. These findings may reflect low-grade inflammation in OA and may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in clinical development of disease-modifying OA drugs.
Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Inversely Associated with Growth Rates in Infancy (2014)

Our results indicate that FGF21 in infancy is inversely correlated with linear growth rate, thus suggesting that FGF21 is a negative regulator of human growth.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Combined With Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 Reduces the Photoaging Damage in Murine Skin by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway (2021)

Long-term exposure to UVB (280-320 nm) can cause oxidative skin damage, inflammatory injury, and skin cancer. Research on nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with regard to antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and prevention of other age-related diseases has received increasing attention. In the present study, the <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant analysis showed that NMN combined with <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> TKSN041 (<i>L. fermentum</i> TKSN041) has a high scavenging ability on hydroxyl (OH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and it also possess a good total antioxidant capacity. The animal experimental results show that NMN combined with LAB maintained normal liver morphology of mice and reduced pathological damage to murine skin. NMN combined with LAB significantly increased the serum levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and interleukin (IL)-10, but reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6. NMN combined with LAB increased T-SOD, CAT, IL-10, Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, and NAD<sup>+</sup> levels in the skin, but reduced TNF-α level in the skin. NMN combined with LAB increased the mRNA expression levels of SOD1, CAT, glutathione (GSH), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB-α), IL-10, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), adaptor protein, phosphotyros ineinteraction, PH domain and leucine zipper containing 1 (APPL1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), and forkhead transcription factor O (FOXO) in the skin and liver, but decreased the mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6, and rapamycin target protein (mTOR). NMN combined with LAB increased the protein expression levels of AMPK, IκB-α, SOD1, and CAT in the skin tissues and reduced protein expression of NF-κBp65. NMN combined with <i>L. fermentum</i> TKSN041 improved murine skin damage caused by UVB irradiation, and the protective mechanism may be related to activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. The results of this study are expected to provide a reference for preventing and the treating skin photoaging.
Modification of Synthetic Zeolites by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Its Antibacterial Activity against Bacillus Subtilis (2012)

Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-zeolites A, X and Y were prepared and characterized and their antibacterial activity was studied against Bacillus subtilis. The presence of QAC molecules on the zeolites has been proven by Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of these materials was determined by Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) technique. From MIC values, QAC-zeolite X has highest antibacterial activity than that of zeolites A and Y due to the higher amount of QAC adsorbed onto zeolites X. To sum up, zeolite X was found to be a good support system for antimicrobial agents of QAC against B. subtilis.
Detailed space-resolved characterization of a laser-plasma soft-x-ray source at 135-nm wavelength with tin and its oxides (2000)

Space-resolved soft-x-ray spectra of laser-produced plasmas of pure-Sn metal and its oxides were measured in the spectral range 7–23 nm. We established a comprehensive spectroscopic database of the emission characteristics of the transition array of highly ionized Sn near 13.5-nm wavelength by varying the incident laser energy and the angle between the observation axis and the target normal. We examined the narrow spectral bandwidth of the transition array obtained by use of a gas-mixed fine-particle (SnO2 powder) target proposed by Matsui [Proc. SPIE3886, 610 (2000) ]. We selected pure-Sn metal, SnO and SnO2 powder, and SnO2 thin-film targets with which to clarify the roles of additional constituent ions, such as O and Ar, in plasmas of the gas-mixed fine-particle targets. The space-resolved spectra show that the bandwidth of the transition array broadens dramatically and that the wavelength at peak intensity shifts slightly toward longer wavelengths with increasing distance from the original target surface or with decreasing incident laser energy. The origins of the broadening and the wavelength shift can be explained in terms of an increase in the range of ion stages that contribute to the transition array and in terms of transfer of the dominant ion stages to lower stages. The narrow bandwidth of the gas-mixed fine-particle target is probably due to the presence of a narrow range of moderate ion stages.
An Assessment of Pulse Detonation Engine Performance Estimation Methods Based On Experimental Results (2005)

A number of Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) performance modeling methodologies have been advanced over the last 15 years, varying widely in approach. In an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of several of these approaches, two data points from a single-tube, cyclically operating, direct-connect pulse detonation combustor and nozzle operating at simulated flight conditions were used as input to each of three PDE performance codes. One classical thermodynamics code, one CFD-based method, and one hybrid, unsteady thermodynamic/ computational/empirical cycle deck were selected for this study. After the codes were anchored to the experimental data, each code was used to simulate the performance of four different idealized engine cycles utilizing an optimized version of the experimental PDE combustor operating at the conditions tested. Specific impulse and specific thrust were calculated for each engine cycle at each experimental combustor operating condition. Utilizing the same data corrections and cycle assumptions, the three performance codes showed good agreement. The largest total variation from the mean for any cycle was 4% for specific thrust and 7% for specific impulse.
The Antibody Response in Man Following Infection with Viruses of the Pox Group III. Antibody Response in Smallpox (1958)

From 117 cases of smallpox 140 sera have been examind for antihaemagglutinin, for complement-fixing and for variola-neutralizng antibody. In smallpox patients who had not been vaccinated prior to infection, variola-neutralizing antibody and vaccinial antihaemagglutinin were present in all sera examined after the sixth day of illness. Complement-fixing antibody was not found until the eighth day of illness but was present in all examined after the ninth day. In previously revaccinated smallpox patients variola-neutralizing antibody was present in all sera examined after the third day of illness and antihaemagglutinins in all after the fourth day. Complement-fixing antibody was present by the seventh day and was found in all sera examined after the ninth day. Not only did antibody in general appear earlier in previously vaccinated smallpox patients but the titres were generally considerably higher. In ten fatal cases antibody titres were low except in two in whom the level of variola-neutralizing antibody was quite high—in one case on the second day and in the other on the fourth day of illness. In six variola contacts, who suffered febrile attacks without rash, antibody studies indicated the variolous nature of their illnesses. In these and other atypical smallpox infections, when laboratory confirmation of clinical diagnosis is only requested at a late stage of the disease, a high titre of antibody, particularly complement-fixing antibody, may enable a firm diagnosis to be made. We wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to Dr W. H. Bradley of the Ministry of Health; Dr E. C. Benn of Seacroft Hospital, Leeds; Dr D. C. Liddle of Monsall Fever Hospital, Manchester; Dr E. R. Peirce of Liverpool and other Medical Officers for information concerning smallpox patients. Our thanks are also due to Dr F. O. MacCallum of the Virus Reference Laboratory, Colindale, who kindly sent us sera from some of the cases in the 1950 smallpox outbreak in Brighton.
Weighted correlation receivers for ultra-wideband transmitted reference systems (2005)

This work derives the average likelihood ratio test (ALRT) receiver for ultra-wideband transmitted reference systems in multipath environments with Rayleigh path strength models. A theoretical weighting function is obtained by approximating the ALRT receiver structure, and can be applied to correlation receivers. Compared to a simple correlation receiver, results show that theoretical weighted correlation receivers are more robust to different environments, and can reduce bit error probabilities even for IEEE 802.15.3a ultra-wideband channel models with lognormal path strength models.
Obesity: Interactions of Genome and Nutrients Intake (2015)

Obesity has become one of the major public health problems all over the world. Recent novel eras of research are opening for the effective management of obesity though gene and nutrient intake interactions because the causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial. Through GWASs (genome-wide association studies) and genetic variations (SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms), as the genetic factors are likely to determine individuals' obesity predisposition. The understanding of genetic approaches in nutritional sciences is referred as "nutrigenomics". Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic factors and dietary nutrient intake on various disease phenotypes such as obesity. Therefore, this novel approach might suggest a solution for the effective prevention and treatment of obesity through individual genetic profiles and help improve health conditions.
Live tumor cell functional analysis and a xenograft model find co-activated c-Met and ErbB signaling in HER2-negative breast cancer. (2018)

e24292 Background: Clinical trials evaluating anti-Met therapies have produced mixed results when subjects are selected for c-Met overexpression or gene amplification. To further elucidate the role of c-Met signaling and its potential involvement with ErbB signaling as a cancer driver, a new assay to identify dynamic multi-pathway signaling dysfunction (CELx MP test) was developed. The current study set out to characterize ErbB family and c-Met function in primary HER2-negative breast tumor cells and evaluate in vivo response to a c-Met inhibitor in breast tumor xenograft models. Methods: Tumor specimens were obtained from 74 HER2- breast cancer patients. Live cell response to ErbB and c-Met agonists with or without antagonist (pertuzumab, neratinib, or tepotinib) was quantified using a 96-well biosensor. Signaling activity above a cut-off value of 250 signaling units was used to identify abnormal EGFR, HER2 and c-Met signaling. HCC1954, a HER2+ cell line with normal HER2 signaling, abnormal EGFR signaling, and abnormal c-Met signaling, as determined by the CELx MP test, was injected into 40 female NSG mice. Mice were treated for 16 days with either Captisol, neratinib, tepotinib or a combination (10 mice/arm). Results: The CELx MP test found abnormal signaling sub-groups as follows: HER2 - 16 of 74 (22%; 95% CI = 14%-32%); c-MET - 31 of 74 (41%; 95% CI = 31%-53%); EGFR – 17 of 74 (23%; CI = 15%-34%). For all samples tested, EGFR and HER2 signaling were each strongly correlated to c-Met signaling levels (r = 0.89 and r = 0.85 respectively). The average amount of c-Met signaling activity inhibited in cell samples increased by 75% when tepotinib was combined with neratinib versus tepotinib alone. In the xenograft study, no significant difference in tumor volume between the control and tepotinib-treated arms after 16 days of treatment was recorded. Tumor volumes after treatment were reduced by 17% in the neratinib arm and by 45% in the tepotinib + neratinib arm. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a sub-group of HER2- breast cancer patients have co-activated abnormal ErbB and c-Met signaling tumors and may respond better to ErbB and c-Met inhibitors combined than c-Met inhibitors alone.
Rates and products of decomposition of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates and products of decomposition of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamideJurgen H. Exner, George A. Burk, and Demetrios KyriacouCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1973, 21, 5, 838–842Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60189a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60189a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1048Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Human Thymidine Kinase 1 (2001)

Previous research has shown that thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), a nucleotide salvage pathway enzyme, is an accurate prognostic and diagnostic tumor marker. However, the current radioisotope assay for TK1 is cumbersome and has hampered the clinical application of this diagnostic technique in cancer management. To overcome the problems of the current radioisotope assay, we have produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) using purified TK1 from Raji cell extract. Production and confirmation of their specificity was confirmed using Western blot, immunohistochemical staining, TK1 activity inhibition assays, and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Thus, in the future, these antibodies may aid in the early detection of cancer and more accurate prognosis, as well as allowing for an increased ability to study the function of TK1 in basic cellular processes.
Effects of acute inflammation on plasma retinol, retinol-binding protein, and its mRNA in the liver and kidneys of vitamin A-sufficient rats (1996)

The acute inflammatory response to tissue injury and infection is associated with low concentrations of plasma retinol and its specific transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR). To examine the kinetics and mechanism of hyporetinemia, we have induced acute inflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in rats with adequate stores of vitamin A. Twenty-four h after treatment with LPS (50 micrograms i.p. per 100 g body weight) or saline and food withdrawal, plasma retinol equalled 0.72 +/- 0.06 mumol/L (mean +/- SEM) in five LPS-treated rats versus 1.35 +/- 0.1 mumol/L in five saline-treated rats (P < 0.01). Plasma, liver, and kidney RBP and TTR concentrations were also significantly reduced, but liver and kidney retinol concentrations did not differ between treatment groups. The relative abundance of RBP mRNA in liver (LPS treatment compared to saline treatment) was reduced as early as 12 h (0.44 +/- 0.15, n = 4 pairs, P < 0.02), and continued to be reduced at 24 h (0.57 +/- 0.12, n = 5 pairs, P < 0.02). In the kidney this ratio did not change significantly due to LPS treatment. The relative abundance of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) mRNA in liver and kidney also was not affected by LPS treatment. We infer from these data that inflammation-induced hyporetinemia results from a reduction in the hepatic synthesis of RBP and secretion of the retinol-RBP complex. Moreover, the results imply that plasma retinol concentration is a poor indicator of vitamin A status during inflammation.
Shattering during Sampling by OAPs and HVPS. Part I: Snow Particles (2005)

Abstract The data on cloud particle sizes and concentrations collected with the help of aircraft imaging probes [optical array probes OAP-2DC, OAP-2DP, and the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS)] are widely used for cloud parameterization and validation of remote sensing. The goal of the present work is to study the effect of shattering of ice particles during sampling. The shattering of ice particles may occur due to 1) mechanical impact with the probe arms prior to their entering the sample volume, and 2) fragmentation due to interaction with turbulence and wind shear generated by the probe housing. The effect of shattering is characterized by the shattering efficiency that is equal to the ratio of counts of disintegrated particles, to all counts. The shattering efficiency depends on the habit, size, and density of ice particles, probe inlet design, and airspeed. For the case of aggregates, the shattering efficiency may reach 10% or even more. The shattering of ice particles results in an overcounting of small particles and an undercounting of large ones. The number of fragments in the images of shattered particles may reach several hundreds. It was found that particles as small as 600 μm may shatter after impact with the probe arms. The effect of particle shattering should be taken into account during data analysis and carefully considered in future designs of airborne cloud particle size spectrometers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Barium Germanium Nitride, Ba3Ge2N2, Containing 1∞(Ge2‐) and GeN4‐2 Anions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.