gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Cerebral A<sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptors in Humans using [<sup>18</sup>F]CPFPX and PET (2004)

Adenosine is an important neuromodulator. Basic cerebral effects of adenosine are exerted by the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR), which is accessible in vivo by the novel ligand [F]8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([F]CPFPX) and positron emission tomography (PET). The present study investigates the applicability of kinetic models to describe the cerebral kinetics of [F]CPFPX in order to quantify A1AR density in vivo. Six healthy volunteers underwent dynamic PET scanning and arterial blood sampling after bolus injection of [F]CPFPX. For quantitative analysis, a standard two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) was compared with a one-tissue compartment model (1TCM) and Logan's graphical analysis (GA). The 2TCM described the cerebral kinetics of [F]CPFPX significantly better than the 1TCM (in all regions and subjects examined). The estimated values of the regional total distribution volumes (DVt) correlated strongly between the 2TCM and GA (linear regression r = 0.99, slope: 1.007). The DVt correlation between the 2TCM and the 1TCM was comparably high, but there was a significant bias towards lower DVt estimates given by the 1TCM (r: 0.99, slope: 0.929). It is concluded that a 2TCM satisfactorily accounts for the cerebral kinetics of [F]CPFPX. GA represents an attractive alternative method of analysis.
Lithium-Rich Core-Shell Cathodes with Low Irreversible Capacity and Mitigated Voltage Fade (2015)

Lithium-rich layered Ni-Mn-Co oxide materials have been intensely studied in the last decade. Mn-rich materials have serious voltage fade issues and the Ni-rich materials have poor thermal stability and readily oxidize the organic carbonate-based electrolyte. 1 Core-shell (CS) strategies that use Ni-rich material as the core and Mn-rich materials as the shell can balance the pros and cons of these materials in a hybrid system. 2 The lithium-rich CS materials synthesized through co-precipitation method introduced here showed much improved overall electrochemical performance compared to the core-only (Ni-rich) and shell-only (Mn-rich) samples. In this work, CS samples with 67 mol% of core with the composition Li 1+x (Ni 0.67 Mn 0.33 ) 1-x O 2 ( C ) and 33 mol% of shell with the compositions Li 1+x (Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 Co 0.2 ) 1-x O 2 ( S1 ) or Li 1+x (Ni 0.4 Mn 0.5 Co 0.1 ) 1-x O 2 ( S2 ) with varied lithium content were synthesized and studied. Figure 1 shows the energy dispersive spectroscopy results of the CS precursor and lithiated samples. Figure 1 shows that there was diffusion of transition metals between the core and shell phases after sintering at 900 o C compared to the prepared hydroxide precursors. A Mn-rich shell was still maintained whereas the Co which was only in the shell in the precursor was approximately homogeneous throughout the particles. The CS samples with optimal lithium content showed low irreversible capacity (IRC), as well as high capacity and excellent capacity retention. Sample CS2-3 had a reversible capacity of ~218 mAh/g with 12.3% (~30 mAh/g) IRC and 98% capacity retention after 40 cycles to 4.6 V at 30 o C at a rate of ~C/20. Figure 2 shows the average discharge potential (a) and the difference between the average charge and discharge potentials, delta V (b), of cells with the core-only (C), CS and shell-only (S) samples. Figure 2 shows that cells of the CS samples have stable impedance (delta V is stable) as well as a very stable average voltage as compared to cells of the core-only and shell-only samples. Ultra-high precision coulometry (UHPC) measurements confirmed that the CS samples with optimal lithium content had distinctively better columbic efficiency. Apparently, the Mn-rich shell can effectively protect the Ni-rich core from reactions with the electrolyte while the Ni-rich core renders a high and stable average voltage. Reference 1. E.-J. Lee, H.-J. Noh, C. S. Yoon, and Y.-K. Sun, J. Power Sources , 273 , 663–669 (2015). 2. J. Camardese, J. Li, D. W. Abarbanel, a. T. B. Wright, and J. R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 162 , A269–A277 (2014). Figure 1
Interactive drama on computer : beyond linear narrative (1999)

This study aims to design a new kind of interactive drama, where the user interacts in depth with the course of the narrative, while the dramatic intensity is retained. Based on various theoretical sources on narrative and drama, a model is put forward. This model is used to build a computer system of interactive drama. Introduction Definitions For the clarity and accuracy of this study, we would like to give some definitions of the terms that will be used throughout this study. By narrative, we mean a certain type of artistic and social expression, where a kind of imitation of real events is involved (Genette 1969). Narrative is quite a broad concept (see Adam, 1994 for a precise and detailed definition), which, in this study, will cover various forms like tale, novel, theatre, movie, video games, etc. The story, which is easily confused with the idea of narrative, will reefer to the succession of actions that happen in the world represented by the narrative. The story &quot;live...
Risks and Benefits of Nutritional Support During Critical Illness (2006)

Critically ill patients who depend on intensive care for more than a few days reveal profound erosion of lean body mass, which is thought to contribute to high morbidity and mortality. Despite a shortfall of evidence that supplemental feeding actually alters clinical outcome of these life-threatening disease states, this observation evoked an almost universal, albeit often inappropriate, use of nutritional support (NS) in the critically ill, administered via the parenteral or the enteral route. Lack of knowledge and overenthusiasm subsequently resulted in complications associated with both parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN), which led to the standing controversy over which should be preferred. With time, however, it became clear that EN and PN are not mutually exclusive and that critically ill patients requiring NS should be fed according to the functional status of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, tight blood glucose control with insulin is advised in fed critically ill patients because overall metabolic control appears to surpass any outcome benefit attributed to the route of feeding. Recently, various special nutritional formulas have been suggested to prevent or treat multiorgan failure in the critically ill, among other pathways via modulation of immune function. Although special nutritional formulas may be promising in a variety of clinical settings, based on currently available data, these cannot be recommended for routine use in critically ill patients.
High expression of CD56 (N‐CAM) in a patient with cutaneous CD4‐positive lymphoma (1994)

Cutaneous lymphoma is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD7, and thus termed as CTCL (cutaneous T cell lymphoma). Here, we present a case with CD56/N-CAM-positive cutaneous lymphoma, which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses CD4, but does not express CD2, CD3, CD8, CD14, CD16, CD57, and CD20. The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was aggressive, with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the patient may represent a novel fraction (CD2-, CD4+, and CD56+) of cutaneous lymphoma.
Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and epirubicin as first-line treatment in advanced gastric carcinoma: a phase II study (2007)

The association between oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been extensively reported to improve prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The present study is aimed at evaluating response rate and the toxicity profile of the association with oxaliplatin, 5-FU/lecovorin and epirubicin in gastric cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Thirty-six patients have been enrolled and 35 evaluated. The treatment schedule was oxaliplatin (100 mg m(-2)), 5-FU (400 mg m(-2)), leucovorin (40 mg m(-2)) and epirubicin (60 mg m(-2)) intravenously. administered every 3 weeks for 6 months, for a total of 185 therapy cycles . Response rate and toxicity were assessed according to the international WHO criteria. Every patient received a mean of 5.3 therapy cycles in a day-hospital setting. Sixteen of 35 patients (46%) showed an objective response, two complete response and 14 partial response. Median time to progression was 33 weeks with an overall median survival of 49 weeks. During the study, anaemia grade 3 and neutropenia grade 3 were observed in 9 and 11% of patients respectively. A grade 3 periferic sensorial neuropathy was observed in 6% of patients. No life threatening or cardiac toxicity was recorded. The regimen used showed anticancer activity against gastric carcinoma, a tolerable toxicity profile and excellent patient compliance.
Issues in Handling Complex Data Structures with NoSQL Databases (2012)

The emerging storage systems for Cloud Computing are so-called NoSQL databases. These systems lack the join mechanism and declarative queries approach but show high scalability and performance. While most famous ICT companies have no doubts about the usage of NoSQL, there is still a lack of methodologies and mechanisms to support the design and management of a NoSQL database starting from a complex high level data schema. The final goal of our work is to equip NoSQL databases with programming abstractions that make them close to the expressiveness of RDBMS, still maintaining their significant advantages in terms of scalability. In this paper we discuss the main shortcomings of using a NoSQL approach and we show how we plan to overcome them.
Comparison of chemical schemes for silicon atomic layer epitaxy (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of chemical schemes for silicon atomic layer epitaxyS. M. GatesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 25, 10439–10443Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100204a058https://doi.org/10.1021/j100204a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation and characterization of aflatox-n B1-1-(O-carboxymethyl) oxime. (1977)

A method is described for the preparation and purification of aflatoxin B1-1(O-carboxymethyl) oxime from aflatoxin B1. The overall yield was about 73-83%. The new aflatoxin B1 derivative was characterized by mass, ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, and was nontoxic to 8-day-old chicken embryos when tested at a concentration of 3.48 microgram/egg.
Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism: Neuropathology (2012)

Parkinsonism, the clinical term for a disorder with prominent bradykinesia and variable associated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, is accompanied by degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, with neuronal loss and reactive gliosis in the substantia nigra found at autopsy. Parkinsonism is pathologically heterogeneous, with the most common pathologic substrates related to abnormalities in the presynaptic protein α-synuclein or the microtubule binding protein tau. In idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein accumulates in neuronal perikarya (Lewy bodies) and neuronal processes (Lewy neurites). The disease process is multifocal and involves select central nervous system neurons and peripheral autonomic nervous system neurons. The particular set of neurons affected determines nonmotor clinical presentations. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is the other major α-synucleinopathy. It is also associated with autonomic dysfunction and in some cases with cerebellar signs. The hallmark histopathologic feature of MSA is accumulation of α-synuclein within glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI). The most common of the Parkinsonian tauopathies is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), which is clinically associated with severe postural instability leading to early falls. The tau pathology of PSP also affects both neurons and glia. Given the population frequency of PD, α-synuclein pathology similar to that in PD, but not accompanied by neuronal loss, is relatively common (10% of people over 65 years of age) in neurologically normal individuals, leading to proposed staging schemes for PD progression. Although MSA-like and PSP-like pathology can be detected in neurologically normal individuals, such cases are too infrequent to permit assessment of patterns of disease progression.
Natural and recombinant interferons inhibit epithelial cell invasion by Shigella spp (1986)

The effect of natural and recombinant interferons (IFNs) on the abilities of Shigella flexneri, S. sonnei, and Salmonella typhimurium to invade different human and murine cells was examined. Pretreatment of cell monolayers with natural and recombinant IFNs reduced the number of Shigella-infected cells in a dose-dependent manner. Establishment of an anti-invasive cellular state was time dependent, requiring 10 h for 50% inhibition of bacterial invasion. The inhibitory effect of IFN was species specific, with human or murine IFN effective against homologous but not heterologous cells. Gamma IFN was slightly more potent than alpha IFN at inhibiting bacterial invasion. Inhibition of Shigella invasion was dependent on the challenge dose of bacteria. Little inhibition of invasion was seen when cells were pretreated with low concentrations of IFN and challenged with high multiplicities of infection of Shigella sp. In contrast to Shigella invasion, the maximum inhibitory effect of IFN on Salmonella invasion of cells was observed at low levels (5 to 50 U) of IFN. These results suggest that Shigella and Salmonella invasions occur at unique sites on eucaryotic cells or by different penetration mechanisms. More importantly, these data suggest that IFN may play a significant role in host defense against Shigella and Salmonella infections.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Technology Assessment of Pharmacologic Interventions for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Including Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, and Aromatase Inhibition (2002)

The conclusions were endorsed by the ASCO Health Services Research Committee and the ASCO Board of Directors.
492. Cyclic amidines. Part XV. Derivatives of tricycloquinazoline (1962)

M. W. Partridge, H. J. Vipond and J. A. Waite, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 2549 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620002549
Etch Rates of Doped Oxides in Solutions of Buffered HF (1973)

The dependence of the etch rates of vapor‐deposited binary borosilicate, phosphosilicate, and arsenosilicate glasses on glass composition and per cent buffered in water are presented. The etch rates of these doped glasses generally increase with increasing dopant oxide concentration, the exception being those of borosilicate glasses in concentrated buffered which exhibit minima at about 18 mole per cent (m/o) . The use of these and similarly gathered results to infer new etchants is demonstrated.
A Superior, Readily Available Enantiopure Ligand for the Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to α-Substituted Aldehydes (1998)

The lithium perchlorate-induced ring opening of (S)-triphenylethylene oxide (3) with secondary amines (piperidine (a), N-methylpiperazine (b), N-phenylpiperazine (c) and morpholine (d)) takes place in a stereospecific and completely regioselective manner to afford (R)-2-(dialkylamino)-1,1,2-triphenylethanols (4a-d). These amino alcohols catalytically induce the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde with high enantioselectivity at 0 degrees C and at room temperature. Ligand 4a, which provides the highest enantioselectivity at 0 degrees C, has been studied in the addition of Et(2)Zn to a family of 20 representative aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes 5a-t. For a 17-membered set of alpha-substituted substrates (5a-m,q-t), including ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted benzaldehydes, the naphthaldehydes, alpha,beta-unsaturated and aliphatic (cyclic and acyclic) aldehydes, the mean enantiomeric excess of the resulting alcohols 6a-m,q-t is 97%, whereas for three alpha-unsubstituted specimens (5n-p) the addition takes place with an enantioselectivity of 92-93%.
Radio frequency effects on the clock networks of digital circuits (2004)

Radio frequency interference (RFI) can have adverse effects on commercial electronics. Current properties of high performance integrated circuits (IC), such as very small feature sizes, high clock frequencies, and reduced voltage levels, increase the susceptibility of these circuits to RFI, causing them to be more prone to smaller interference levels. Also, recent developments of mobile devices and wireless networks create a hostile electromagnetic environment for IC. Therefore, it is important to measure the susceptibility of IC to RFI. In this study, we investigate the susceptibility levels to RFI of the clock network of a basic digital building block. Our experimental setup is designed to couple a pulse modulated RF signal using the pin direct injection method. The device under test is an 8-bit ripple counter, designed and fabricated using AMI 0.5 /spl mu/m process technology. Our experiments showed that relatively low levels of RFI (e.g., 16.8 dBm with carrier frequency of 1 GHz) could adversely affect the normal functioning of the device under test.
Bone loss in shoulder replacement surgery: a review of current management (2012)

was first introduced in 1951 by Boron and Sevin and the first series of total shoulder replace- ments (TSR) was reported in 1974 by Neer. 1 The primary indications for the use of these implants have been non- reconstructable fractures and arthritis. The reverse TSR was first introduced in the 1970s, but had minimal clini- cal success due to poor design. It has since been redesigned and received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for use in 2003 and now is commonly used for rotator cuff arthropathy, massive rotator cuff tears, arthritis and fractures. 2 Bone loss may be encountered in primary and revision surgery. It is a difficult problem to manage and may even be a contraindication to surgery when severe. Bone loss may affect both the glenoid and humeral side of the joint. Multiple studies have shown component loosening and osseous deficiency to be much more common on the gle- noid side than the humerus. 3-7
Temporal encoding of movement kinematics in the discharge of primate primary motor and premotor neurons (1995)

1. Several neurophysiological studies of the primary motor and premotor cortices have shown that the movement parameters direction, distance, and target position are correlated with the discharge of single neurons. Here we investigate whether the correlations with these parameters occur simultaneously (i.e., parallel processing), or sequentially (i.e., serial processing). 2. The single-unit data used for the analyses presented in this paper are the same as those used in our earlier study of neuronal specification of movement parameters. We recorded the activity of single neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortices of two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) while the animals performed reaching movements made in a horizontal plane. Specifically, the animals moved from a centrally located start position to 1 of 48 targets (1 cm2) placed at eight different directions (0-360 degrees in 45 degrees intervals) and six distances (1.4-5.4 cm in 0.8-cm increments) from the start position. 3. We analyzed 130 task-related cells; of these, 127 (99 in primary motor cortex, 28 near the superior precentral sulcus) had average discharges that were significantly modulated with the movement and were related to movement direction, distance, or target position. To determine the temporal profile of the correlation of each cell's discharge with the three parameters, we performed a regression analysis of the neural discharge. We calculated partial R2s for each parameter and the total R2 for the model as a function of time. 4. The discharge of the majority of units (73.2%) was significantly correlated for some time with all three parameters. Other units were found that correlated with different combinations of pairs of parameters (21.3%), and a small number of units appeared to code for only one parameter (5.5%). There was no obvious difference in the presence of correlations between cells recorded in the primary motor versus premotor cortices. 5. On average we found a clear temporal segregation and ordering in the onset of the parameter-related partial R2 values: direction-related discharge occurred first (115 ms before movement onset), followed sequentially by target position (57 ms after movement onset) and movement distance (248 ms after movement onset). Some overlap in the timing of the correlation of these parameters was evident. We found a similar sequential ordering for the latency of the peak of the R2 curves (48, 254, and 515 ms after movement onset, respectively, for direction, target position, and distance).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)