gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopy of Platelets and Fibrin Networks of Human and Differents Animals Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido Comparativa de Plaquetas y Redes de Fibrina de Humano y de Diferentes Animales (2009)

SUMMARY : The purpose of the present study was to compare the platelet and fibrin network ultrastructure of humans to eightdifferent animal species in order to determine the differences between human and animal platelet and fibrin morphology, and to determi-ne whether the animals studied differ in their platelet and fibrin morphology, and whether these differences can be observed by scanningelectron microscopy. Platelets and fibrin networks play an important role both in the coagulation process as well as physiologically inallergic processes and immunological mechanisms. The thickness of human fibrin networks were compared to mouse ( Mus musculus ),equine ( Equus caballus ), vervet monkey ( Chlorocebus aethiops previously Cercopithecus aethiops ), oryx ( Oryx gazella ), ovine ( Ovisaries ), penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ), rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) and sea turtle ( Caretta caretta ). Fibers were measured and dividedinto thin (minor) fibers, intermediate fibers and thick (major) fibers. The results obtained indicated that for each of the three fibrin classes,the size ranges of the monkey, oryx and equine were not significantly different to one another, and the human, penguin, oryx and ovinenot significantly different to one other. From these results it can be concluded that mammals and aves possess a distinct tri-modal fibrinfiber distribution, different from that of the studied reptilian species where the sea turtle possesses a distinct bimodal fibrin fiber distributionand it can be suggested that the utilization of mammalian and avian models, in terms of fibrin fiber distribution patterns, might be asuitable alternative for ultrastructural studies.
Prevalence of <i>Botrytis</i> spp. in Onion Seed Crops in the Columbia Basin of Washington (2004)

Of 12 onion seed lots harvested in the semi-arid Columbia Basin of Washington in 1999 or 2000, 8 were infected and 10 infested with Botrytis aclada at incidences of 1 to 10% and 2 to 26%, respectively. Twenty to forty plants were sampled from each of nine direct-seeded, biennial seed crops in April, June, and July 2001 and assayed for Botrytis spp. Six direct-seeded crops were sampled in October and November 2001 and April, June, and July 2002. One bulb-to-seed crop was sampled in April, June, and July 2002. The incidence of B. aclada increased through each season, reaching 100% in most fields by July. Infections were primarily asymptomatic, with no apparent relationship between plant infection and infection of harvested seed. B, cinerea, B. squamosa, and B. porri were detected in 16, 4, and 4% of the fields, respectively, at lower incidences than B. aclada. Harvested seed from 15 of the fields were infected with B. aclada at <1 to 28%. B, cinerea, B. porri, and B. squamosa were detected in three, three, and none of the harvested lots, respectively.
[Spectrometric determination of trace elements in anticancer new medicine Fagopyrum dibotrys]. (2011)

The golden buckwheat Fagopyrum dibotrys produced in Yunnan has a unique anti-cancer effects. It is a main raw material of "Wei Mai ning" capsules which is the national second-class anti-cancer drug. The present paper used (5 : 1) mixed acid as digestive juice to process the sample, and determine the twelve elements including K, Ca, Cu, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Co in the Fagopyrum dibotrys by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES). The detection limits of this method were 0.017-0.084 microg x mL(-1), the RSDs (n = 8) were all 0.09%-1.87%, and the addition standard recoveries(ASR) (n = 8) were 98.2%-107.4% for all elements. The research results showed that there is rich K(1 477.3 microg x g(-1)) in the Fagopyrum dibotrys, there are not harmful elements Cd and Pb, and this result is mainly related to the geochemistry background where the sample lived. The contents of seven remaining kinds of elements ranked as Na (826.1) > Ca (765.2 > Mg (493.4) > Zn (112.7) > Fe (56.5) > Cu (11.4) > Mn (4.49 microg x g(-1)). This result provides some theoretical basis for the study of internal relations between trace elements in Fagopyrum dibotrys and efficacy. It' s also useful for better development and utilization of the resource.
A rational analysis of marketing strategies. (2017)

Rational accounts of decision-making are incompatible withthe prevalence and success of ubiquitous marketing strategies.In this paper, we demonstrate, using computational experi-ments, how an ideal Bayesian observer model of preferencelearning is compatible with the manipulation of purchasingdecisions via a number of well-known marketing techniques.The ability of this model to predict the effects of both famil-iar and novel marketing interventions suggests it as a plausiblecandidate theory of consumer marketing. Simultaneously, byclarifying the logic underneath the interplay between environ-mental exposure and preference distortions seen in economicdecisions, this model rationalizes the seemingly irrational sus-ceptibility of consumers to marketing.
Asymptotic Fringe Distributions for General Families of Random Trees (1991)

Consider some model of random finite trees of increasing size. It often happens that the subtree at a uniform random vertex converges in distribution to a limit random tree. We introduce some structure theory for such asymptotic fringe distributions and illustrate with many examples.
Graphene‐Wrapped MnO<sub>2</sub>–Graphene Nanoribbons as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Batteries (2013)

A facile and cost-effective approach for the fabrication of a hierarchical nanocomposite material of graphene-wrapped MnO2 -graphene nanoribbons (GMG) is developed. The resulting composite has a high specific capacity and an excellent cycling stability owing to the synergistic combination of the electrically conductive graphene, graphene nanoribbons, and MnO2 .
The concept of noble metal chemical addition technology for IGSCC mitigation of structural materials (1995)

Hydrogen Water Chemistry (HWC) has been successfully employed to mitigate the IGSCC of BWR components in the recent years. However, to mitigate SCC in some vessel internals requires the use of high levels of feed water hydrogen, which results in high main steam radiation dose rate increases. Recent studies have shown that the presence of noble metals on these surfaces, by alloying or surface deposition by plating or various thermal spray coating techniques significantly reduced the hydrogen demand necessary to achieve the IGSCC protection potential of {minus}0.230 V(SHE). These techniques, although attractive, have some limitations because accessibility to individual components is a requirement for their successful application. This paper describes the concept of a novel method of applying noble metals potentially to all in-core wetted components by employing the reactor coolant water as the medium of transport for depositing noble metal on in-core metal surfaces. The concept of noble metal chemical addition (NMCA) technology has been successfully used in numerous laboratory tests to create a ``noble metal like`` (catalytic) surface on four of the major structural materials, Type 304 SS, Inconel 600, Alloy 182 weld metal and low alloy steel. The success of this technology has been tested using constantmore » extension rate tensile (CERT) tests, crack growth rate (CGR) tests and electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) response tests. The NMCA technology has successfully decreased the ECP of surfaces below {minus}0.230 V(SHE), prevented crack initiation and mitigated crack growth rates in stoichiometric excess hydrogen in simulated boiling water reactor (BWR) environments, even at high oxygen or hydrogen peroxide levels. The NMCA treatment of surfaces has minimized the hydrogen demand necessary for IGSCC protection of the materials tested. Tests are in progress to qualify this process for operating BWRs.« less
Density‐dependent dispersal in host‐parasitoid assemblages (2001)

Most spatial population models assume constant rates of dispersal. However, in a given community, dispersal may not only depend on the density of conspecifics, i.e. density‐dependent dispersal, but also on the density of other species, a phenomenon we term ‘community‐dependent dispersal’. We co‐vary the densities of both the beetle host Callosobruchus chinensis and its parasitoid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae , in a laboratory study and record the proportions of each species that disperse within a two‐hour period. The parasitoid in these systems exhibits community‐dependent dispersal – dispersing more frequently when parasitoid density is high and larval host density is low. This supported our prediction that individuals should disperse according to competition for available resources. However, in this study the host's dispersal was independent of density. We suggest that this may be due to less intense selection acting on host dispersal strategies than on the parasitoid. We consider some possible consequences of community‐dependent dispersal for a number of spatial population processes. A well‐known host‐parasitoid metapopulation model is expanded so that it includes a greater range of dispersal functions. When the model is parameterised with the parasitoid community‐dependent dispersal function observed in the empirical study, similar population dynamics are obtained as when fixed‐rate dispersal functions are applied. The importance of dispersal functions for invasions of both competitive and host‐parasitoid systems is also considered. The model results demonstrate that understanding how individuals disperse in response to different species’ population densities is important in determining the rate of spread of an invasion. We suggest that more empirical studies are needed to establish what determines dispersal rate and distance in a range of species, combined with theoretical studies investigating the role of the dispersal function in determining spatial population processes.
Dynamic beacon based and load balanced geo routing in MANETs (2014)

Dynamic topology changes are one of the characteristics of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) where nodes move very frequently. Among ad-hoc routing protocols, Geographic routing protocols have drawn a lot of attentions in recent years due to its forwarding decision based only on local topology. Periodic broadcasting of beacon packets is a widely used method to maintain neighbor locations; but it is not impressive with respect to both routing performance and location update cost due to its periodic nature. Load unbalance is another issue which hampers the routing performance. Existing well known geographic protocol, Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) is modified as LB-DB-GPSR(Load Balanced-Dynamic Beaconing GPSR), to adapt beaconing with respect to node mobility and traffic patterns in the network as well as to achieve a better Load balancing in the network. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can significantly improve the routing performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and congestion control.
Structural determinants of haloenol lactone-mediated suicide inhibition of canine myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (1993)

Haloenol lactones are potent mechanism-based inhibitors of a novel class of calcium-independent phospholipases A2 which have been implicated as the enzymic mediators of membrane dysfunction during myocardial ischemia (Hazen, S. L.; et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266, 7227-7232). Herein we demonstrate that the ring size, hydrophobic group, and cryptic electrophile in the haloenol lactone moiety are important and modifiable determinants of the inhibitory potency of haloenol lactone-mediated inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Direct comparisons between haloenol lactone-mediated inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and the absence of inhibition with calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 further underscore the marked differences in the catalytic strategy employed by these two classes of intracellular phospholipases A2.
Demonstration of transthyretin mRNA in the brain and other extrahepatic tissues in the rat. (1985)

Studies were conducted to ascertain if transthyretin mRNA was present in extrahepatic tissues of the rat. A trnasthyretin cDNA clone was isolated from a lambda gt11 human liver cDNA library by antibody screening and its identity was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. This transthyretin cDNA clone was used to survey poly(A+) RNA isolated from 12 different rat tissues for transthyretin mRNA by Northern blot analysis. The liver contained the highest level of transthyretin mRNA and this level was not altered by the vitamin A status of the rat. A significant amount of transthyretin mRNA was found in the brain (30% of the level of the liver) which was localized in specific regions of the brain. In addition, detectable levels of transthyretin mRNA (1% to 2% of that of the liver) were observed in the stomach, heart, skeletal muscle, and spleen. Translation of brain poly(A+) RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and immunoprecipitation of the translation products with anti-transthyretin antiserum resulted in a protein band of the same size as liver pre-transthyretin. Liver pre-transthyretin was processed by the cotranslational addition of dog pancreas microsomal membranes to a protein that migrated coincidentally with monomeric serum transthyretin. These data suggest that transthyretin in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid results from de novo synthesis and that transthyretin may play a significant physiological function, as yet unknown, within the nervous system.
EEG Microstates for BCI Therapist Feedback: Preliminary Results on a Stroke Patient (2011)

Brain-Computer Interfaces convey a great potential in the field of stroke rehabilitation, where the continuous monitoring of the execution of mental tasks could support the positive effects of the therapy by reinforcing specific mental patterns. We propose the use of EEG Microstates as the building blocks of a novel BCI for Operators, and we show that preliminary results on a stroke patient seem to confirm that topographic information can provide hints on salient activity patterns on the affected hemisphere not recognizable within a simple discriminant framework. Furthermore, the technique could easily keep track of the evolution of these maps over different rehabilitation sessions, thus providing a strong hint of plasticity phenomena and cortical reorganization.
Plasma-Konfigurationen mit Oberflächenströmen, die von einem Magnetfeld im Gleichgewicht gehalten werden (1958)

Configurations of a plasma with constant pressure and with surface-currents are examined which are in equilibrium with a exterior magnetic potential-field. With the aid of an existence-theorem from the theory of partial differential equations the question of the existence of such configurations is reduced to differential-geometrical properties of the surface of the plasma. These properties are then investigated for the torus of circular cross-section with an interior azimutal magnetic field and for a surface of axial symmetry with variable diameter. Finally a torus of variable cross-section is treated approximately.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Tricyclic, Conformationally Constrained Small-Molecule Mimetics of Second Mitochondria-Derived Activator of Caspases (2008)

A series of tricyclic, conformationally constrained Smac mimetics have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The most potent compound 6 (WS-5) binds to XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 with K(i) of 18, 1.1, and 4.2 nM, respectively. Compound 6 antagonizes XIAP in a functional assay, induces cIAP-1 degradation, inhibits cell growth with an IC(50) of 68 nM in the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line, and effectively induces cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.
Hepatic Lesions in 90 Captive Nondomestic Felids Presented for Autopsy (2014)

Hepatic lesions in nondomestic felids are poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hepatic lesions in 90 captive, nondomestic felids including tigers, cougars, and lions. Hepatic lesions were histologically characterized as vacuolar change (lipidosis or glycogenosis), biliary cysts, biliary hyperplasia, hepatitis, necrosis, neoplasia, fibrosis, veno-occlusive disease, cholestasis, hematoma, congestion, or hemorrhage. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed for vacuolar change, benign biliary lesions, hepatitis, lipogranulomas, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and hepatic stellate cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with species as the outcome variable. Ninety cats met the inclusion criteria. Seventy livers (78%) contained 1 or more lesions. Hepatocellular vacuolar change (41/90 [46%]) was the most common lesion overall. Extramedullary hematopoiesis, lipogranulomas, and hepatic stellate cell hyperplasia were also common. One snow leopard had veno-occlusive disease. Tigers were more likely than other felids to have no significant hepatic histologic lesions (odds ratio [OR], 12.687; P = .002), and lions were more likely to have biliary cysts (OR, 5.97; P = .021). Six animals (7%) died of hepatic disease: cholangiocellular carcinoma (n = 2) and 1 each of hepatic lipidosis, hepatocellular necrosis, pyogranulomatous hepatitis, and suppurative cholecystitis. Hepatocellular iron and copper accumulations were present in 72 of 90 (80%) and 10 of 90 (11%) sections, respectively. Sinusoidal fibrosis was common (74/90 [82%]) and primarily centrilobular (65/74 [88%]). Hepatocellular iron, copper, and fibrosis were not significantly associated with hepatic lesions. Primary hepatic disease was not a common cause of death in nondomestic felids in this study.
Metabolism of salicylic acid in wild‐type,<i> ugt74f1 </i>and<i> ugt74f2 </i>glucosyltransferase mutants of<i> Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2008)

Arabidopsis thaliana contains two salicylic acid (SA) glucosyltransferase enzymes designated UGT74F1 and UGT74F2. UGT74F1 forms only SA 2-O-beta-D-glucose (SAG), while UGT74F2 forms both SAG and the SA glucose ester (SGE). In an attempt to determine the in vivo role of each SA glucosyltransferase (SAGT), the metabolism of SA in ugt74f1 and ugt74f2 mutants was examined and compared with that of the wild-type. The three major metabolites formed in wild-type Arabidopsis included SAG, SGE, and 2,5-dihydroxbenzoic acid 2-O-beta-D-glucose (DHB2G). This is the first description of DHB2G as a major metabolite of SA in plants. The major metabolites of SA formed in ugt74f1 mutants were SGE, SAG and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 5-O-beta-D-glucose (DHB5G). DHB5G was not formed in the wild-type plants. SAG and DHB2G were the main metabolites of SA in ugt74f2 mutants. The ugt74f2 mutant was unable to form SGE. Only SGE could be detected during in vitro SAGT assays of untreated wild-type and ugt74f1 mutants. This activity was because of constitutive UGT74F2 activity. Both SGE and SAG could be formed during in vitro assays of SA-pretreated wild-type and ugt74f1 leaves. Neither SAG nor SGE could be detected during the in vitro SAGT assays of untreated ugt74f2 leaves. Only SAG was formed during the in vitro SAGT assays of SA-pretreated ugt74f2 leaves. The SAG formation was a result of the UGT74F1 activity. This work demonstrates that changes in the activity of either SAGT enzyme can have a dramatic effect on the metabolism of exogenously supplied SA in Arabidopsis.
Influence of 5'-nearest neighbors on the insertion kinetics of the fluorescent nucleotide analog 2-aminopurine by Klenow fragment (1993)

The effects of nearest neighbor interactions between a nucleotide base at the primer 3'-terminus and an incoming deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate on DNA polymerase catalyzed insertion were examined. Kinetics of inserting the fluorescent nucleotide analog 2-aminopurine deoxyribonucleotide (dAPMP) and dAMP opposite a template T by 3'-->5' exonuclease-deficient mutants of Klenow fragment (KF-) were measured on primer/templates of identical sequence except for the base pair at the 3'-primer terminus. In addition to its fluorescence properties, 2-aminopurine (AP) is an attractive probe because it is misinserted opposite T by polymerases at much higher frequencies than natural nucleotides. Misinsertion frequencies for AP are on the same order of magnitude as variations in misinsertion frequencies due to changes in local DNA sequence, which makes the statistical significance of these variations easier to document. We have established that changes in the fluorescence of AP can be used to follow the insertion of dAPMP on both steady-state and pre-steady-state time scales. Rates of insertion of dAPMP measured by fluorescence and by a polyacrylamide gel assay were similar and are sensitive to the identity of the base at the 3'-primer twice as fast as insertion following a primer terminus T. The difference in rates arises primarily from differences in kcat values, which were fastest next to G and slowest next to T, while apparent Km values were similar next to each of the 4 different nearest neighbors. The gel assay was used to measure AP misinsertion efficiencies by two methods: (1) by having dAPTP and dATP directly compete for insertion opposite T in the same reaction and (2) by measuring Vmax/Km values for each substrate in separate reactions. The results from the direct competition and separate kinetics measurements are similar. The misinsertion efficiency of dAPMP relative to dAMP opposite a template T was significantly higher next to a 3'-primer terminus G (f(ins) = 0.31 +/- 0.06) than next to T (f(ins) = 0.15 +/- 0.03) for the KF- single mutant (D42A). The corresponding misinsertion efficiencies next to a 3'-primer terminus G and T were 0.20 +/- 0.02 and 0.16, respectively, for the KF- double mutant (D355A, E357A). Relative rates of insertion of dAPMP and dAMP correlate with melting temperatures calculated for nearest neighbor doublets which reflect the relative base-stacking energies. In addition to changes in insertion kinetics, polymerase-DNA dissociation rates varied with the identity of the 3'-primer terminus, differing by as much as 7-20-fold depending on the polymerase and the primer/template.
Hot flashes and cardiac vagal control (2010)

Significant decreases in cardiac vagal control occurred during hot flashes, which may help shed light on the physiology of hot flashes. The autonomic nervous system may deserve greater attention in understanding the mechanisms linking hot flashes to cardiovascular risk.
Geometry compression of scanned point-clouds (2010)

Today, 3D scanners are capable of producing high resolution and accurate 3D computer models that are often used for entertainment, industrial, and scientific purposes. Because such models may contain a huge amount of points, their storage is expansive, their loading is slow, and their transmission over the internet is impossibly slow. In this paper, a method for compression of 3D scanned point clouds is presented. The method is based on a prediction schema, where four prediction rules are proposed. Three special prediction rules were developed for geometry coding, while the scalar values attached to the points (i. e. colour) are coded with a constant predictor. These geometry prediction rules exploit the scanning way of the point clouds to achieve high accuracy of the predictions. Consequentially, the prediction errors are small and therefore suitable for variable length coding. In this way, the values are broken in the strings of bytes, zero bytes are removed and nonzero bytes are formed into byte-streams. These byte-streams are compressed with arithmetic coding and stored in the output file.