gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Push To Reform Chemical Law (2015)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew Push To Reform Chemical LawView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2015, 93, 39, 24–25Publication Date (Print):October 5, 2015Publication History Published online30 March 2016Published inissue 5 October 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09339-govpolCopyright © 2015 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views1Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (137 KB) SUBJECTS:Animal health,Manufacturing,Safety Get e-Alerts
Conversion of imino-1,2,3-dithiazoles into 2-cyanobenzothiazoles, cyanoimidoyl chlorides and diatomic sulfur (1997)

Primary aromatic amines condense with 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride 1 to give high yields of the N-aryl imines 2 which on heating give 2-cyanobenzothiazoles 3, thus providing a simple two-step route to these heterocycles from the appropriate aniline. This thermolysis is favoured by electron donating substituents in the aniline ring, and retarded by electron withdrawing groups in favour of a second pathway in which both dithiazole sulfur atoms are lost to form cyanoimidoyl chlorides 4. This is the sole pathway when both aniline ortho positions are substituted. Analogous N-alkyl imines 5, prepared from the salt 1 and the bis(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of the amine, also decompose with loss of both sulfur atoms as singlet diatomic sulfur, S2. 4-Chloro-5-methylimino-5H-1,2,3-diathiazole 5a does this at 140–150 °C and the S2 generated is intercepted with 2,3-diphenylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and norbornene to give 16a, 16b and 17 respectively.
The Molecular Circadian Clock and Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury (2015)

Emerging evidence from both experimental animal studies and clinical human investigations demonstrates strong connections among circadian processes, alcohol use, and alcohol-induced tissue injury. Components of the circadian clock have been shown to influence the pathophysiological effects of alcohol. Conversely, alcohol may alter the expression of circadian clock genes and the rhythmic behavioral and metabolic processes they regulate. Therefore, we propose that alcohol-mediated disruption in circadian rhythms likely underpins many adverse health effects of alcohol that cut across multiple organ systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the circadian clock mechanism and showcase results from new studies in the alcohol field implicating the circadian clock as a key target of alcohol action and toxicity in the liver. We discuss various molecular events through which alcohol may work to negatively impact circadian clock-mediated processes in the liver, and contribute to tissue pathology. Illuminating the mechanistic connections between the circadian clock and alcohol will be critical to the development of new preventative and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorders and alcohol-mediated organ diseases.
Improving BERT Performance for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (2020)

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) studies the consumer opinion on the market products. It involves examining the type of sentiments as well as sentiment targets expressed in product reviews. Analyzing the language used in a review is a difficult task that requires a deep understanding of the language. In recent years, deep language models, such as BERT \cite{devlin2019bert}, have shown great progress in this regard. In this work, we propose two simple modules called Parallel Aggregation and Hierarchical Aggregation to be utilized on top of BERT for two main ABSA tasks namely Aspect Extraction (AE) and Aspect Sentiment Classification (ASC) in order to improve the model's performance. We show that applying the proposed models eliminates the need for further training of the BERT model. The source code is available on the Web for further research and reproduction of the results.
Insulin Receptors in the Liver: Specific Binding of [ <sup>125</sup> I]Insulin to the Plasma Membrane and Its Relation to Insulin Bioactivity (1971)

With [(125)I]insulin at 7 x 10(-10) M, 25% of the radioactivity was bound to plasma membranes purified from rat liver. 20% of the [(125)I]insulin binding was inhibited by unlabeled insulin at 10(-9) M (6 ng/ml), equivalent to insulin concentrations in hepatic portal blood; inhibition of [(125)I]insulin binding was 80% at 10(-7) M and 90% at 10(-5) M. Eight insulins and derivatives with biological potencies that differed over a 100-fold range inhibited the binding of [(125)I]insulin to liver membranes in direct proportion to their ability to stimulate glucose oxidation in isolated fat cells. Inactive insulin chains, as well as glucagon, ACTH, and human growth harmone were without effect. The binding of [(125)I]insulin increased 55-fold as plasma membrane was purified from crude homogenate. Binding was time- and temperature-dependent, and addition of excess insulin produced rapid dissociation of [(125)I]insulin. This study demonstrates directly the binding of insulin to its biologically important receptors.
Dual Phase Change Thermal Diodes for Enhanced Rectification Ratios: Theory and Experiment (2018)

Abstract Thermal diodes are materials that allow for the preferential directional transport of heat and are highly promising devices for energy conservation, energy harvesting, and information processing applications. One form of a thermal diode consists of the junction between a phase change and phase invariant material, with rectification ratios that scale with the square root of the ratio of thermal conductivities of the two phases. In this work, the authors introduce and analyse the concept of a Dual Phase Change Thermal Diode (DPCTD) as the junction of two phase change materials with similar phase boundary temperatures but opposite temperature coefficients of thermal conductivity. Such systems possess a significantly enhanced optimal scaling of the rectification ratio as the square root of the product of the thermal conductivity ratios. Furthermore, the authors experimentally design and fabricate an ambient DPCTD enabled by the junction of an octadecane‐impregnated polystyrene foam, polymerized using a high internal phase emulsion template (PFH‐O) and a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) aqueous solution. The DPCTD shows a significantly enhanced thermal rectification ratio both experimentally (2.6) and theoretically (2.6) as compared with ideal thermal diodes composed only of the constituent materials.
Fabrication of high-quality long-fiber Bragg grating by monitoring 3.1-eV radiation (400 nm) from GeO defects (1996)

3.1-eV (400-nm) luminescence is generated by UV radiation at 244 nm and guided in a germanium-doped silica fiber. In this letter, we propose a new technique for fabricating a fiber Bragg grating by monitoring the power of this visible light. The UV beam is scanned so as to maximize the visible light caused by the UV radiation. This enables us to fabricate successfully a chirp-free and high quality fiber Bragg grating.
Über ein einfaches Verfahren zur Darstellung der Flavone und über die Synthese des Thioflavons (1913)

i und seine Mitarbeiter gezeigt hatten, da13 sich die Alkyliither aromatischer o-
Purification of properties of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> cystathionine β‐synthase (1994)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (beta-CTSase), which catalyses cystathionine synthesis from serine and homocysteine, was purified to homogeneity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 235 kDa by gel filtration and 55 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that it is a homotetramer. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme perfectly coincided with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence of CYS4, except for the absence of initiation The purified beta-CTSase catalysed cysteine synthesis from serine (or O-acetylserine) and H2S. From this finding, we discuss the multifunctional nature and evolutionary divergence of S-metabolizing enzymes.
3D Elastic finite-difference modeling of seismic motion using staggered grids with nonuniform spacing (1999)

Abstract This article provides a technique to model seismic motions in 3D elastic media using fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) operators implemented on a mesh with nonuniform grid spacing. The accuracy of the proposed technique has been tested through comparisons with analytical solutions, conventional 3D staggered-grid FD with uniform grid spacing, and reflectivity methods for a variety of velocity models. Numerical tests with nonuniform grids suggest that the method allows sufficiently accurate modeling when the grid sampling rate is at least 6 grid points per shortest shear wavelength. The applicability for a finite fault with non-uniform distribution of point sources is also confirmed. The use of nonuniform spacing improves the efficiency of the FD methods when applied to large-scale structures by partially avoiding the spatial oversampling introduced by the uniform spacing in zones with high velocity. The significant reduction in computer memory that can be obtained by the new technique improves the efficiency of the 3D-FD method at handling shorter wavelengths, larger areas, or more realistic 3D velocity structures.
Design of optical coatings for three or more separated spectral regions (1995)

Amethod was described previously that permits the systematic design of optical multilayer coatings with arbitrary spectral characteristics defined for two widely separated spectral regions. It is shown here that this method, based on the use of buffer layers, can be adapted to permit the specification of performance in more than two wavelength ranges. Examples are given of coatings designed for three and four spectral regions. The limitations of the method are discussed.
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (2001)

This study sought to determine if the severity of autonomic perturbations in patients with heart failure are affected by the presence of diabetes. Decreased HRV is frequent in diabetic patients free of clinically apparent heart disease and has been invoked as a risk factor for sudden cardiac death. However, reduced HRV is also commonly present in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The effect of diabetes on autonomic dysfunction in this setting is not known. Holter ECGs from 69 diabetic patients and 85 nondiabetic control subjects with heart failure were analyzed. The severity of autonomic dysfunction was assessed using 24-hour time- and frequency-domain HRV analysis. Prognostically important time- and frequency-domain HRV measures (SDNN, SDANN5, total power, and ultra-low frequency power) were not different between the two groups. Time- and frequency-domain parameters modulated by parasympathetic tone (pNN50, RMSSD, and HF power) were depressed to a similar degree in the diabetic and the nondiabetic groups. The low frequency power was significantly lower in diabetic patients (5.8 +/- 0.7 vs 5.3 +/- 1.0, P = 0.02). The ratio of low to high frequency power was substantially lower in the diabetic group (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs 1.4 +/- 0.2, P < 0.0001). These differences were more apparent in insulin-treated diabetics. In the presence of heart failure, HRV parameters that are most predictive of adverse outcome are similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Furthermore, during increased sympathetic stimulation in the setting of heart failure, diabetes does not worsen parasympathetic withdrawal but may mitigate sympathetic activation.
MATURATION OF FOLLICULAR OOCYTES IN THE PIG AFTER INJECTION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (1966)

Summary. The sequence of morphological changes in the nuclei of follicular oocytes in the pig has been examined after a single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg), given during pro-oestrus. Oocytes remained in the germinal vesicle (dictyate) stage until 18 hr after injection of hcg. Chromatin condensation, followed by completion of prophase of the first maturation division, then occurred, and the chromosomes were arranged on the first metaphase spindle by 26 hr after hcg. From 26 until 34 hr after hcg, the chromosomes remained at first metaphase, but between 35 and 37 hr, anaphase, telophase and abstriction of the first polar body were completed. The great majority of eggs recovered from individual animals showed similar stages of maturation.
Activation of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Nuclear Receptors (PPARγ1) by Semi-Volatile Compounds (SVOCs) and Chemical Mixtures in Indoor Dust (2015)

Recently, we reported that several semi-volatile compounds (SVOCs) were competitive ligands for human peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPARγ1). We also observed significant binding from chemicals extracted from house dust at a concentration of 3 mg dust/mL in the dosing medium. To follow up on this study, a commercially available reporter gene assay (GeneBLAzer PPARγ1 non-DA Assay, Invitrogen) was used to investigate the PPARγ1 activation by 30 common SVOCs (e.g., brominated flame retardants, organophosphates, and phthalates) and in house dust extracts. Twenty-eight SVOCs or their metabolites were either confirmed or for the first time were found to be weak or moderate PPARγ1 agonists. We also observed activation in 15 of 25 dust extracts examined. In some cases, activation was as high as 50% of the activation of the positive control (rosiglitazone). Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.7, p < 0.003) between data collected from this reporter assay and our previous ligand binding assay tested on the same dust extracts. Our results suggest that many SVOCs ubiquitous in house dust, or their metabolites, are possible PPARγ1 agonists. Also, chemical mixtures present in house dust at environmentally relevant levels can activate human PPARγ1 in a transfected cell culture system, and further research is needed to identify the primary chemical(s) driving this activity.
Preference-Based Search for Scheduling (2000)

Preference-based search (PBS) is a new search procedure for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Given a set of preferences between search decisions, PBS searches through a space of preferred solutions, which is tighter than the space of all solutions. The definition of preferred solutions is based on work in non-monotonic reasoning (Brewka 1989; Geffner &amp; Pearl 1992; Grosof 1991) on priorities between defaults. The basic idea of PBS is quite simple: Always pick a locally best decision α. Either make the decision α or make other locally best decisions that allow to deduce ¬α and thus represent a counterargument for α. If there is no possible counterargument then PBS does not explore the subtree of ¬α. This pruning of the search space is obtained by non-monotonic inference rules that are inspired by Doyle’s TMS and that detect decisions belonging to all or no preferred so-lution. We show that PBS can optimally solve various impor-tant scheduling problems.
People Tracking Using a Time-of-Flight Depth Sensor (2006)

Visually track several moving persons engaged in close interactions is known to be a very hard problem, though 3-D approaches based on stereo vision and plan-view maps offer much promise for dealing effectively with major issues such as occlusions and quick changes in body pose and appearance. However, in case of untextured scenes due to homogeneous objects or poor illumination, stereo-based tracking systems rapidly drop their performance. In this work, we present a real time people tracking system able to work even under severe low-lighting conditions. The system relies on a novel active sensor that provides brightness and depth images based on a Time of Flight (TOF) technology. The tracking algorithm is simple yet efficient, being based on geometrical constraints and invariants. Experiments accomplished under changing lighting conditions and involving multiple people closely interacting with each other have proved the reliability of the system.
A cyclic oligonucleotide signaling pathway in type III CRISPR-Cas systems (2017)

Type III CRISPR-Cas systems in prokaryotes provide immunity against invading nucleic acids through the coordinated degradation of transcriptionally active DNA and its transcripts by the Csm effector complex. The Cas10 subunit of the complex contains an HD nuclease domain that is responsible for DNA degradation and two Palm domains with elusive functions. In addition, Csm6, a ribonuclease that is not part of the complex, is also required to provide full immunity. We show here that target RNA binding by the Csm effector complex of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> triggers Cas10 to synthesize cyclic oligoadenylates (cA <i><sub>n</sub></i> ; <i>n</i> = 2 to 6) by means of the Palm domains. Acting as signaling molecules, cyclic oligoadenylates bind Csm6 to activate its nonspecific RNA degradation. This cyclic oligoadenylate-based signaling pathway coordinates different components of CRISPR-Cas to prevent phage infection and propagation.
Microwave assisted enzymatic esterification of lactic acid and ethanol in phosphonium type ionic liquids as co-solvents (2009)

Microwave heating was found to have a beneficial effect on the enzymatic esterification of lactic acid (LA) with ethanol in Cyphos 202 ionic liquid (IL) medium. Microwave irradiation caused hydrolysis of lactoyllactic acid (the linear dimer of LA) during the reaction, thus, as a result, more lactic acid was available as substrate and a higher ester yield was achieved in the esterification.
Effects of sodium butyrate in animal models of mania and depression (2013)

Bipolar disorder is a severe mood disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Despite adequate treatment, patients continue to have recurrent mood episodes, residual symptoms, and functional impairment. Some preclinical studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors may act on depressive-like and manic-like behaviors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on behavioral changes in animal models of depression and mania. The animals were submitted to protocols of chronic mild stress or maternal deprivation for induction of depressive-like behaviors and subjected to amphetamine, or ouabain administration for induction of manic-like behaviors. SB reversed the depressive-like and manic-like behaviors evaluated in the animal models. From these results we can suggest that SB may be a potential mood stabilizer.
EXPERIMENTS WITH PROGRAM PARALLELIZATION USING ARCHETYPES AND STEPWISE REFINEMENT (1999)

Parallel programming continues to be difficult and error-prone, whether starting from specifications or from an existing sequential program. This paper presents (1) a methodology for parallelizing sequential applications and (2) experiments in applying the methodology. The methodology is based on the use of stepwise refinement together with what we call parallel programming archetypes (briefly, abstractions that capture common features of classes of programs), in which most of the work of parallelization is done using familiar sequential tools and techniques, and those parts of the process that cannot be addressed with sequential tools and techniques are addressed with formally-justified transformations. The experiments consist of applying the methodology to sequential application programs, and they provide evidence that the methodology produces correct and reasonably efficient programs at reasonable human-effort cost. Of particular interest is the fact that the aspect of the methodology that is most completely formally justified is the aspect that in practice was the most trouble-free.
Insurance policies may cover costs of False Claims Act litigation. (1999)

Expenses associated with the defense of a False Claims Act investigation or lawsuit may be covered by insurance. Such coverage may be available through a general liability policy, or in the case of not-for-profit organizations, through a provision added to the organization's directors and officers policy. In either instance, the extent of coverage is determined by the language used in the policy and state law governing interpretation of the insurance policy.
Generating activity streams from events occurring in company-internal IT infrastructures (2011)

In the current era of technology, the Internet and web technologies become the center source of information. Due to the huge amount of contents, one of the main challenges of modern information technology is aimed at how to reduce and manage information in a structured way with mobilizing users to the similar kind of relevant information. So, any intelligent system should be able to understand people's interest about a particular type of information and automatically mobilize him to the similar kind of available information sources. The idea of high level Activity Streams along with its standardized format can play a vital role to solve this problem in the broader context. This paper introduces a novel system called CoASGen (Consolidation and Activity Streams Generator) which is able to automatically generate high level Activity Streams after aggregating and consolidating from different independent systems (e.g. in a software company context: version management system, wikis, bug trackers etc.). It retrieves life time information as heterogeneous web feed by sensing user activities from those independent systems and then it transforms several similar types of atomic activities into high level Activity Streams using semantic technologies along with its specific standardized format. Finally, it shows these high level Activity Streams to the user interface which is able to automatically motivate users to find relevant information easily without either missing any data or losing valuable time. This system solves the problem “data silos” by reducing and managing information in a structured way.
Polymerization of higher aldehydes. IV. Crystalline isotactic polyaldehydes: Anionic and cationic polymerization (1964)

Abstract Low temperature polymerization of aldehydes in solvents of low dielectric constants yields crystalline isotactic polyaldehydes. Alkali metal alkoxides were found to be the best initiators; but alkali metals, alkali metal alkyls, Grignard reagents, lithium aluminum hydride, and aluminum organic compounds also work effectively. Isotactic polyaldehydes were also obtained by cationic initiation (stannic bromide, solid BF 3 etherate). The stereoregularity increases with the increase of the space requirements of the side chain.