gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Tuberculostats. XII. Structure of the Reaction Product of Isoniazid and Formaldehyde (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Tuberculostats. XII. Structure of the Reaction Product of Isoniazid and FormaldehydeH. HERBERT FOXCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 3, 468–472Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01097a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01097a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoionization Analysis by Mass Spectroscopy (1959)

A vacuum ultraviolet monochromator has been combined with a mass spectrometer to study photoionization processes between 1570 and 430 A. Monochromatic photons were used to ionize, A, He, Ne, O2, N2, CO, NO, CO2, N2O, and NO2; and preliminary measurements of ion intensity as a function of photon energy have been obtained for the parent ions together with their fragments. The appearance of ionization and the structure of curves, in which ions per unit photon flux versus λ are plotted, will be related to previously reported energy levels, to photoionization cross sections, and to dissociative photoionization mechanisms.
The Rapidly Evolving Centromere-Specific Histone Has Stringent Functional Requirements in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2010)

Centromeres control chromosome inheritance in eukaryotes, yet their DNA structure and primary sequence are hypervariable. Most animals and plants have megabases of tandem repeats at their centromeres, unlike yeast with unique centromere sequences. Centromere function requires the centromere-specific histone CENH3 (CENP-A in human), which replaces histone H3 in centromeric nucleosomes. CENH3 evolves rapidly, particularly in its N-terminal tail domain. A portion of the CENH3 histone-fold domain, the CENP-A targeting domain (CATD), has been previously shown to confer kinetochore localization and centromere function when swapped into human H3. Furthermore, CENP-A in human cells can be functionally replaced by CENH3 from distantly related organisms including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have used cenh3-1 (a null mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana) to replace endogenous CENH3 with GFP-tagged variants. A H3.3 tail domain-CENH3 histone-fold domain chimera rescued viability of cenh3-1, but CENH3's lacking a tail domain were nonfunctional. In contrast to human results, H3 containing the A. thaliana CATD cannot complement cenh3-1. GFP-CENH3 from the sister species A. arenosa functionally replaces A. thaliana CENH3. GFP-CENH3 from the close relative Brassica rapa was targeted to centromeres, but did not complement cenh3-1, indicating that kinetochore localization and centromere function can be uncoupled. We conclude that CENH3 function in A. thaliana, an organism with large tandem repeat centromeres, has stringent requirements for functional complementation in mitosis.
Effect of Solvent Dearomatization and Operating Conditions in Steam Pyrolysis of a Heavy Feedstock (2009)

To investigate the benefits of pretreatment in pyrolysis of heavy fractions, a feedstock in the range of gas oil has undergone aromatic extraction at different temperatures and solvent/oil ratios with n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent. The raffinate with least aromatic content in addition to the original feed were subjected to steam cracking at different operating conditions to compare their product distributions with respect to the individual effects of temperature, flow rate, and dilution ratio. The experimental design was carried out with the use of the central composite design methodology. We find that the yields of ethylene, propylene, and butylenes increase by more than 10% upon dearomatization. The liquid products with five or more carbon atoms decrease by 13% on average. From desirable products, only butadiene reduced by about 18% upon extraction. Furthermore, a practical selectivity factor was proposed to support the preference of low residence time cracking and more generally to scrutinize the performance of the steam cracking process. Simulation results suggested a 2-fold increase in furnace run length in possible application of this treatment in a real olefin plant.
Bit-Serial Single Flux Quantum Microprocessor CORE (2008)

We describe the development of single-flux-quantum (SFQ) microprocessors and the related technologies such as designing, circuit architecture, microarchitecture, etc. Since the microprocessors studied here aim for a general-purpose computing system, we employ the complexity-reduced (CORE) architecture in which the high-speed nature of the SFQ circuits is used not for increasing processor performance but for reducing the circuit complexity. The bit-serial processing is the most suitable way to realize the CORE architecture. We assembled all the best technologies concerning SFQ integrated circuits and designed the SFQ microprocessors, CORE1α, CORE1β, and CORE1γ. The CORE1β was made up of about 11000 Josephson junctions and successfully demonstrated. The peak performance reached 1400 million operations per second with a power consumption of 3.4mW. We showed that the SFQ microprocessors had an advantage in a performance density to semiconductor's ones, which lead to the potential for constructing a high performance SFQ-circuit-based computing system.
Identification and characterization of Cu<sub>2</sub>O‐ and ZnO‐binding polypeptides by <i>Escherichia coli</i> cell surface display: toward an understanding of metal oxide binding (2004)

We have used the FliTrx cell surface display system to identify disulfide-constrained dodecapeptides binding to the semiconducting metal oxides Cu(2)O and ZnO. Sequence analysis of the inserts revealed that the two populations exhibit similar, yet subtly different patterns of amino acid usage. Both sets of binders were enriched in arginine, tryptophan, and glycine with a higher degree of positional preference in the case of Cu(2)O binders. Tyrosine, proline, and serine were underrepresented in both populations. Peptides binding electrodeposited Cu(2)O or ZnO with high avidity could be subdivided into two classes based on pI and hydrophilicity. In the hydrophilic and positively charged Class I binders, the Arg-X-X-Arg tetrapeptide appears to be implicated in metal oxide binding, whereas Arg-Arg and Arg-Lys pairs allow for discrimination between Cu(2)O and ZnO. Molecular dynamics simulations of the disulfide-constrained peptides suggest that the aforementioned motifs are important to properly orient two basic residues that are likely to contact the metal oxides. The implications of our results in understanding the rules governing the interaction between peptides and inorganic compounds and in their use for the design of hybrid nanoarchitectures are discussed.
Biogenic Sulfur in the Environment (1989)

Biogenic sulfur emission rates are reviewed for important components of the sulfur cycle. A summary of emission estimates is provided for vegetation, coastal and wetland ecosystems, inland soils, and oceanic environments. One area which is briefly reviewed, emissions from plants, may play a significant role in global sulfur cycling and very little work has been reported covering this subject. An important trend is that estimates of biogenic emissions are being lowered for terrestrial and wetlands areas. This, coupled with decreased wetland acreage, may significantly decrease local estimates of biogenic sulfur to acid precipitation.
A Convergent Strategy for the Pamamycin Macrodiolides: Total Synthesis of Pamamycin‐607, Pamamycin‐593, and Pamamycin‐621D Precursors (2007)

A convergent total synthesis of pamamycin-607 (1), isolated from Streptomyces alboniger, was achieved by an E-Z isomerization of a tetrahydrofuran alkylidene and a regio- and diastereoselective solvent-dependent cyclo-CHBCl/EtN-mediated aldol reaction as the key steps. The second key step was extended to other ketones, opening the route to new pamamycin macrodiolides, for example, pamamycin-593 and pamamycin-621D. (Figure Presented) © 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Carbon nanotubes supported platinum catalysts for selective hydrogenation of m- and o-chloronitrobenzene (2007)

Hydrogenation of m- and o-chloronitrobenzene (CNB) has been studied over Pt/CNTs and PtM/CNTs catalysts (M= Mn. Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) in ethanol at 343 K and normal pressure. The effect of substrate concentration and reaction temperature has also been investigated. The introduction of transition metals to Pt/CNTs catalyst influences its catalytic properties significantly. Both the catalytic activities and yields of m- and o-chloroaniline (CAN) are improved. PtFe/CNTs catalyst exhibits the best catalytic activity and the highest yield of CAN (98.1 mol% for m-CAN and 97.5 mol% for o-CAN). Different reductants have been found to influence both the catalytic activity and yield of m-CAN. Pt/CNTs catalyst reduced by KBH 4 exhibits good catalytic activity and stability on the hydrogenation of m-CNB.
Do I Still Need A Business Blog In 2020 (2020)

Welcome to Learning with Connexion Solutions.  Today we are going to be talking about blogging, and why it is still worthwhile.  If you are considering ...
Sensitization against the parasite antigen Sj26 is not sufficient for consistent expression of resistance to Schistosoma japonicum in mice (1988)

Mice immunized with purified antigen preparations produced in Escherichia coli and containing the glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme of Schistosoma japonicum (Sj26) can be partially resistant to infection with this parasite. Maximum resistance was approximately 50% and no protection was obtained in BALB/c mice, known low responders to Sj26. Although only Freund's complete adjuvant has been used, the data obtained indicate that satisfactory levels of resistance to S. japonicum will not be attained by vaccination with Sj26 alone. Other antigens, including the additional GST isoenzyme of S. japonicum Sj28, will probably be required to establish whether Sj26 will be an important component of a defined multivalent vaccine against schistosomiasis japonica.
In Situ Modification of RF Sputter-Deposited Lithium Nickel Oxide Thin Films by Plasma Irradiation (2004)

Lithium nickel oxide thin films were deposited by sputter deposition. The films were in situ-modified using low-temperature inductively coupled plasma (ICP) irradiation. The technique uses a built-in radio frequency (rf) coil to generate an ICP plasma confined close to the substrate. The ions in the ICP can be drawn to the substrate by negative bias. This enables precise control of both bombarding ion flux (by rf power) and energy (by substrate bias). Varying the flux and energy of bombarding ions modifies the film properties. The crystal structure can be characterized as the layered oxide structure or rhombohedrally distorted NiO-type structure depending on Li content. The films modified by different conditions of plasma irradiation exhibited crystallography changes and texturing. The film composition was measured by ICP atomic emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The film crystallography was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The film morphology modified by the plasma irradiation was observed by scanning electron microscope. Half-cells made of the lithium nickel oxide thin films were fabricated and the discharge curves measured to compare the electrochemical properties of the in situ-modified films. The films treated by in situ anneal were also prepared for comparison. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CD73 Protein as a Source of Extracellular Precursors for Sustained NAD+ Biosynthesis in FK866-treated Tumor Cells (2013)

NAD(+) is mainly synthesized in human cells via the "salvage" pathways starting from nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside (NR). The inhibition with FK866 of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), catalyzing the first reaction in the "salvage" pathway from nicotinamide, showed potent antitumor activity in several preclinical models of solid and hematologic cancers. In the clinical studies performed with FK866, however, no tumor remission was observed. Here we demonstrate that low micromolar concentrations of extracellular NAD(+) or NAD(+) precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and NR, can reverse the FK866-induced cell death, this representing a plausible explanation for the failure of NAMPT inhibition as an anti-cancer therapy. NMN is a substrate of both ectoenzymes CD38 and CD73, with generation of NAM and NR, respectively. In this study, we investigated the roles of CD38 and CD73 in providing ectocellular NAD(+) precursors for NAD(+) biosynthesis and in modulating cell susceptibility to FK866. By specifically silencing or overexpressing CD38 and CD73, we demonstrated that endogenous CD73 enables, whereas CD38 impairs, the conversion of extracellular NMN to NR as a precursor for intracellular NAD(+) biosynthesis in human cells. Moreover, cell viability in FK866-treated cells supplemented with extracellular NMN was strongly reduced in tumor cells, upon pharmacological inhibition or specific down-regulation of CD73. Thus, our study suggests that genetic or pharmacologic interventions interfering with CD73 activity may prove useful to increase cancer cell sensitivity to NAMPT inhibitors.
Exogenous 1,4‐butyrolactone stimulates A‐factor‐like cascade and validamycin biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i> 5008 (2013)

γ-Butyrolactones (GBLs), such as A-factor, are one type of signaling molecules produced by Streptomyces species and have been reported to regulate secondary metabolism. However, they are usually produced in very small amount, which has hindered their structural elucidation and application for antibiotic overproduction. In this work, 1,4-butyrolactone (1,4-BL), as an easily accessible and cheap analogue of GBLs, was applied to the fermentation of validamycin A (VAL-A), an important antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus 5008. The addition of 1,4-BL enhanced VAL-A production by 30% in both shaking flasks and bioreactors. The transcriptional levels of the adpA homologue (adpA-H) and VAL-A biosynthetic genes were significantly increased. Among the three A-factor receptor homologous genes identified in the genome of S. hygroscopicus 5008, shbR3 was proved to be responsible for the inducing activity of 1,4-BL by gene disruption and circular dichroism analysis, and ShbR3 could bind to the promoter region of adpA-H as indicated by EMSA analysis. Furthermore, the mutation of adpA-H abolished the transcription of VAL-A biosynthetic genes and VAL-A productivity. In EMSA analysis, AdpA-H could directly bind to the promoter regions of VAL-A gene cluster. Moreover, addition of the 1,4-BL also improved the VAL-A production in a high-yielding strain TL01. The results showed that 1,4-BL could stimulate A-factor-like cascade and subsequently enhance VAL-A production in S. hygroscopicus 5008.
SAW focusing by circular-arc interdigital transducers on YZ-LiNbO/sub 3/ (1989)

Using the angular spectrum theory and experimental velocity data of surface acoustic waves (SAW) on YZ-LiNbO(3), the focusing characteristics of a circular-arc interdigital transducer have been demonstrated. The calculated results show that the depth of focus is long and the compressed acoustic beam width is very narrow. The concept of a caustic is shown to be an excellent way of characterizing SAW focusing by a circular-arc interdigital transducer on YZ-LiNbO(3). Comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows good agreement.
Malignant Melanoma: Incidence Issues and Their Effect on Diagnosis and Treatment in the 1990s (1997)

The incidence of melanoma is increasing at a rate faster than that for any other cancer in the United States and worldwide. Several factors show that this increase in incidence is real and not due to artifact. The rapid increase is not attributable to better overall counting of the cases of cancer (because the incidence of other cancers is decreasing). Furthermore, it is not due to changes in histologic criteria. Finally, the mortality rate from melanoma continues to increase at a time when survival rates are also increasing. This apparent paradox can be true only if the actual incidence is increasing at an even faster rate than the death rate. This dramatic increase in the incidence of melanoma highlights the need for improved methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment as melanoma becomes increasingly important as a public health issue.
Philatelic Mixtures and Multimodal Densities (1988)

Abstract A century ago, postage stamps were printed on a deliberate mixture of different paper types, each having its own thickness characteristics due to poor quality control in paper manufacture. It was not unusual for different types of paper to be used for a single stamp issue, because ordinary white wove paper was often not readily available in quantities necessary for production of a new stamp issue. Unfortunately, the different paper types used were not always well documented. Each paper type was purchased by the ream, which was required to consist of a specific number of sheets and had to weigh a certain amount. To cut costs, manufacturers often satisfied both requirements by mixing a few “thick” sheets of paper into an otherwise underweight ream. Although the importance of paper thickness in the philatelic literature is reflected by a higher market value for stamps printed on the thicker and more scarce paper, stamp catalogs have been notoriously vague about characterizing paper thickness, relying instead on classifying stamps by whether they were printed on “thin,” “regular,” or “thick” paper. In this article, the term philatelic mixture is introduced to describe any situation in which a particular stamp issue is known to have been printed on a mixture of paper types with possible differences in paper thickness. In statistical terms, this is a mixture-of-distributions problem, in which identification of the mixture components (different paper types) is achieved using measurements on stamp thickness, and where information regarding the number of such components is vague, at best. The focus of this article is on parametric and nonparametric perspectives of the mixture problem and its special application to identifying the components of philatelic mixtures. The parametric approach tries to fit a finite mixture of component densities of a given type, usually normal, where the number of densities in the mixture may be known or unknown. The nonparametric approach, on the other hand, assumes no such model, but tries to identify components by the resulting placement of modes in the density estimate. A specific example of a philatelic mixture is discussed, the 1872 Hidalgo issue of Mexico, which possesses the aforementioned features, has a large literature of its own, and is a stamp issue for which paper-thickness data were made available to the authors. Nonparametric statistical methods used to analyze these data include nonparametric density estimation and a bootstrap test for multimodality (Silverman 1981a). Various parametric mixture models are also fitted to the stamp-thickness data using a likelihood ratio test (Wolfe 1970), and the results are compared with the nonparametric approach. One of the novel features of the application in this article is the use of extensive historical data to reach conclusions regarding the mixture components.
High-rate layered space-time transmissions based on constellation-rotation (2003)

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that with affordable complexity, layered space-time (LST) transmissions can attain very high spectral efficiency in a rich-scattering environment. In this paper, we propose a novel high rate linearly precoded LST system, which allows for any number of transmit and receive antennas, and offers flexibility in trading performance with bandwidth efficiency and decoding complexity. Even with sub-optimum decoding, the system enjoys considerable transmit diversity gains. Its superior performance over existing uncoded V-BLAST and linear dispersion (LD) codes is confirmed by simulations.
Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency in PCDTBT/PC<sub>70</sub>BM Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices with Embedded Silver Nanoparticle Clusters (2011)

The use of size-controlled Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a polyol process in the BHJ shows improved values of Jsc, FF, and the EQE. These results are due to an enhanced light absorption caused by the plasmonic field effect of Ag cluster from NPs and improved charge transport in the active layer. Ag clusters reduce the series resistance and induce an efficient charge transport system in the BHJ active layer.
Rate control in bi-level image coding (2009)

As we continue to pursue the illusive goal of a paperless society, we are increasingly digitizing our documents, and despite increases in computer speeds and capacities, the requirement for data compression is still paramount. The JBIG2 standard is the latest international bi-level image compression standard, and the first that supports lossy coding. A method is proposed that can achieve rate control while coding bi-level images with JBIG2. For compound images, the image is segmented into text and non-text regions. Non-text regions are lossy coded as generic regions with a bit-flipping approach. The bit-flipping approach has a compression limit, so for higher compression the region is coded as a halftone. For halftone regions, an appropriate grid size is selected and a reduced multi-level image is constructed. The multi-level image is lossy coded with either a bit-flipping approach or with a vector quantization approach, depending on target rate. For text regions, rate control is achieved by adjusting the number of unique symbols in the image. The symbols are a subset of the complete set in the lossless image, and are chosen to minimize the distortion. While the rate control in non-text regions is optimized in the mean squared error sense, the rate control for text regions can be adjusted for any distortion measure. To complete the rate control for a compound image, a weighting is assigned to each region so that the overall distortion is minimized. Results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, and can produce a JBIG2 bitstream at any target compression rate for any bi-level image.
Miniaturized 3-dB ring hybrid terminated by arbitrary impedances (1994)

In the UHF or VHF band, the new design method of a small-sized 3-dB 0/spl deg//180/spl deg/ ring hybrid terminated by arbitrary impedances using both lumped and distributed elements is presented. At the center frequency of 900 MHz, the small sized 3-dB 0/spl deg//180/spl deg/ hybrid terminated by arbitrary impedances is designed, analyzed and tested. Good agreement is obtained between measured and predicted results. Since both lumped and distributed elements are used, the proposed hybrid occupies about 30% of an all distributed-type hybrid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>