gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An assessment of diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy for measuring soil carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass (2010)

Surface soils from three land-use and land-use change studies in southern Australia were used to explore mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) coupled with partial least squares regression (PLSR) to measure soil total C, total N and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The soils were from agriculture (crop and pasture), forest plantation, and native vegetation land-uses. Prediction on the validation set for total C and total N (R 2 = 0.94 and 0.86) were excellent, and that for MBC ( R 2 = 0.53) was fair. The methodology has sufficient accuracy across a range of soils for application to determine the effects of land-use on these key indicator soil properties.
Comparison and analysis of the nucleotide sequences of pilin genes from Haemophilus influenzae type b strains Eagan and M43 (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated antigenic differences among the pili expressed by various strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). In order to understand the molecular basis for these differences, the structural gene for pilin was cloned from Hib strain Eagan (p+) and the nucleotide sequence was compared to those of strains M43 (p+) and 770235 b0f+, which had been previously determined. The pilin gene of Hib strain Eagan (p+) had a 648-bp open reading frame that encoded a 20-amino-acid leader sequence followed by the 196 amino acids found in mature pilin. The translated sequence was three amino acids larger than pilins of strains M43 (p+) and 770235 b0f+ and was 78% identical and 95% homologous when conservative amino acid substitutions were considered. Differences between the amino acid sequences were not localized to any one region but rather were distributed throughout the proteins. Comparison of protein hydrophilicity profiles showed several hydrophilic regions with sequences that were conserved between strain Eagan (p+) and pilins of other Hib strains, and these regions represent potentially conserved antigenic domains. Southern blot analyses using an intragenic probe from the pilin gene of strain Eagan (p+) showed that the pilin gene was conserved among all type b and nontypeable strains of H. influenzae examined, and only a single copy was present in these strains. Homologous genes were not present in the phylogenetically related species Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella haemolytica, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. These data indicate that the pilin gene was highly conserved among different strains of H. influenzae and that small differences in the pilin amino acid sequences account for the observed antigenic differences of assembled pili from these strains.
Development and demonstration of autonomous behaviors for urban environment exploration (2012)

Under the Urban Environment Exploration project, the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacic (SSC- PAC) is maturing technologies and sensor payloads that enable man-portable robots to operate autonomously within the challenging conditions of urban environments. Previously, SSC-PAC has demonstrated robotic capabilities to navigate and localize without GPS and map the ground oors of various building sizes.<sup>1</sup> SSC-PAC has since extended those capabilities to localize and map multiple multi-story buildings within a specied area. To facilitate these capabilities, SSC-PAC developed technologies that enable the robot to detect stairs/stairwells, maintain localization across multiple environments (e.g. in a 3D world, on stairs, with/without GPS), visualize data in 3D, plan paths between any two points within the specied area, and avoid 3D obstacles. These technologies have been developed as independent behaviors under the Autonomous Capabilities Suite, a behavior architecture, and demonstrated at a MOUT site at Camp Pendleton. This paper describes the perceptions and behaviors used to produce these capabilities, as well as an example demonstration scenario.
Intracellular Mediators of Insulin Action (1985)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
A mathematics test as a chemistry placement test (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA mathematics test as a chemistry placement testOmar C. Held Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1941, 18, 1, 17Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1941Published inissue 1 January 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ed018p17RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (517 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates (2017)

Using the tip-based continuous indentation process, arrays of three-dimensional pyramidal cavities have been successfully machined on a copper template and the structures were successfully transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using a reverse nanoimprinting approach. The structured PDMS surface is coated with a thin Au film, and the final substrate is demonstrated as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as a probe molecule in the present study to confirm the SERS measurements. Arrays of micro/nanostructures of different dimensions were formed by the overlap of pyramidal cavities with different adjacent distances using the tip-based continuous indentation process. The effects of the reverse nanoimprinting process and coating process on the final topography of the structures are studied. The experimental results show that the Raman intensity of the Au-film-coated PDMS substrate is influenced by the topography of the micro/nanostructures and by the thickness of the Au film. The Raman intensity of 1362 cm<sup>-1</sup> R6G peak on the structured Au-film-coated PDMS substrate is about 8 times higher than the SERS tests on a commercial substrate (Q-SERS). A SERS enhancement factor ranging from 7.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 6 × 10<sup>6</sup> was achieved using the structured Au-film-coated PDMS surface, and it was demonstrated that the method proposed in this paper is reliable, replicable, homogeneous and low-cost for the fabrication of SERS substrates.
Electrical properties of composite gate oxides formed by rapid thermal processing (1996)

In this study, oxide stacks formed by combinations of rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition and rapid thermal oxidation have been investigated as gate dielectrics. This was achieved by performing various types of in situ rapid thermal oxidations both prior to and after oxide deposition to form composite stacked structures. The oxidation ambient and temperature was varied to study the effect on electrical properties such as mobility, leakage current, charge trapping, breakdown and hot carrier degradation. It was found that pre-oxidation prior to depositing an oxide results in a composite structure that greatly reduces the defect density by mismatching pores and weak spots in each film. The mobility behavior of these films was also found to be improved over as-deposited oxides. Post-deposition oxidation in O/sub 2/ and N/sub 2/O was also found to improve the mobility characteristics. Additionally, post-annealing in N/sub 2/O was effective in improving the reliability of deposited oxides. These N/sub 2/O annealed films had low interface trap densities, improved high field mobility, very low charge trapping characteristics and enhanced resistance to hot carrier induced interface state generation. These improvements are attributed to 1) the presence of nitrogen at the interface and 2) to the reduction of nitrogen and hydrogen concentrations in the bulk of the oxide. The role of atomic oxygen during the post-anneal in N/sub 2/O is discussed along with differences in annealing ambients.
Dynamic Birefringence of Vinyl Polymers (1996)

The complex strain-optical ratio, O*(ω), and the complex Young's modulus, E*(ω), of four vinyl polymers, atactic polypropylene, 1,2-polybutadiene, poly(ethylethylene), and poly(4-vinylbiphenyl), were measured from the rubbery plateau to the glassy zone to investigate the origin of the birefringence and the chain orientation in the glassy zone. The data, including those for polystyrene and poly(vinyl naphthalene), were analyzed through a modified stress-optical rule: The rule states that O*(ω) and E*(ω) are described as a sum of two component functions (denoted by R and G) and that a proportional rule similar to the ordinary stress-optical rule holds well for each of the R and G components with different stress-optical coefficients. The R and G components have been interpreted to be respectively related to the orientation of the main chain axis toward the stretch direction and tilting of the structural units by a rotational orientation about the main chain axis. According to this interpretation, the stress-optical coefficients for the R and G components are predicted to decrease and increase, respectively, with increasing size of the side chain. The present study shows the validity of this prediction. In addition, it is suggested that the degree of the rotational orientation responsible for the G component becomes larger with increasing size of the side chain.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping using a superposed dipole inversion method: Application to intracranial hemorrhage (2015)

The proposed methods of mask-inversion as well as ICH isolation and superposition can substantially reduce artifacts in QSM of ICH. Magn Reson Med 76:781-791, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α-glucosidase inhibitory in vitro and antidiabetic activity in vivo of Osmanthus fragrans (2012)

In this study, EtOAC extract of Osmanthus fragrans were evaluated by a-glucosidaseinhibitory activity in in-vitro, and showed stronger inhibiting activity of a-glucosidase (IC50=12.5 μg/ml) compared with acarbose as positive control (IC50=1081.27 μg/ml). Based on the result, two active compounds of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were isolated from EtOAC extract of O. fragrans and exhibited great inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase (IC50=3.38 and 3.3 μg/ml, respectively). The antidiabetic effect of EtOAC extract, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were investigated on diabetic mice induced by tail vein injection with alloxan. Compared with diabetic control group, oral administration of ursolic acid (300 mg/kg) and oleanolic acid (120 and 40 mg/kg) could significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose, oral administration of EtOAC extract (160 mg/kg), ursolic acid (300 mg/kg) and oleanolic acid (120 and 40 mg/kg) could significantly increase liver glycogen content. Each treatment group could significantly decrease serum TG (triglyceride) level and MDA (malondialdehyde) content in diabetic rats. Oral administration of EtOAC extract (160 mg/kg), ursolic acid (100 mg/kg) and oleanolic acid (120) could significantly decrease serum TC (total cholesterol) level, and oral administration of EtOAC extract (500 mg/kg), ursolic acid (300 mg/kg) could significantly increase SOD (superoxide dismutase) level. Results demonstrate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of O. fragrans and suggest that the plant may have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications.

	 

	Key words: Osmanthus fragrans, α-glucosidase, antidiabetic activity.
Induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells by dimethyl sulfoxide: evidence for a stochastic model not linked to the cell division cycle. (1982)

Induction of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 by dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) was analyzed to determine the relationship between exposure time of the inducer and cell cycle. A minimum incubation time of 12 hr with Me2SO was required in order to induce differentiation in a small but significant proportion of cells. These expressed differentiation markers (morphology, phagocytosis, and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction) up to 12 hr after Me2SO was removed from the medium. For periods beyond 12 hr and as long as 120 hr of contact of HL-60 cells with the inducing agent, a linear rise in the percentage of differentiated cells was observed. The sensitivity to Me2SO of HL-60 cells synchronized by double thymidine block was examined and was found to be similar to that of nonsynchronized cells. The effect of Me2SO was not altered when incubated with cells at different phases of the cell cycle. Finally, even nonproliferating cells were sensitive to the inducing effect of Me2SO. The data are consistent with a stochastic model of induction to differentiation without having any linkage to the cell cycle.
A multipolar precision hybrid cuff electrode for FES on large peripheral nerves (2003)

There are two different techniques that can be applied for fabricating a nerve cuff electrode: 1. traditionally used silicon rubber tubes or spirals and 2. micromechanical methods. Each technique has its own advantages and restrictions. A hybrid cuff combines desired properties of both: high flexibility, high possible numbers of integrated electrodes, high reproducibility and the ability to embrace nerves even with large diameters.
Adaptive gradient search for optimal sidelobe design of hopped‐frequency waveform (2014)

Linear step frequency waveforms can achieve large time‐bandwidth product by uniformly inter‐pulse frequency stepping, but have limited anti‐jamming ability. Hopped‐frequency waveforms overcome the limitation by introducing irregularly or randomly stepped frequency. However, a challenge in hopped‐frequency waveform design is that, given fixed pulse number and time‐bandwidth product, the distribution of its autocorrelation sidelobe varies significantly under different frequency combinations. In this study, the authors propose an adaptive gradient search algorithm for optimal sidelobe design of hopped‐frequency waveform. The method is iterative and applies a negative gradient adjustment adaptively according to sidelobe discrepancy between the current output of the matched filtering and the ideal expectation. As a result, it can be used to find optimal frequency combinations that produce hopped‐frequency pulses with a prescribed sidelobe specification. Experimental evidence suggests that the proposed procedure gives promising results in terms of sidelobe level and it terminates in remarkably little time.
Iterative optimization approach for the design of diffractive phase elements simultaneously implementing several optical functions (1994)

A new iterative optimization method based on the Yang–Gu (Y-G) algorithm for the design of diffractive phase elements (DPE’s) that incorporate several optical functions is presented. The Y-G algorithm has been previously used to deal with various amplitude-phase retrieval problems in linear optical transform systems involving a monochromatic wave. We extend the general theory to the case of linear imaging systems with the illumination consisting of a number of components at different wavelengths. Based on a rigorous mathematical derivation, an iterative algorithm is developed to integrate several functions into one DPE. In the first set of examples numerical simulations are carried out in the design of several one-dimensional DPE’s capable of both demultiplexing different wavelength components and focusing each component wave. The second example illustrates the design of a two-dimensional DPE that performs as a demultiplexer in one direction and an array generator in the other direction.
The FNIP co-chaperones decelerate the Hsp90 chaperone cycle and enhance drug binding (2016)

Heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone in eukaryotes involved in maintaining the stability and activity of numerous signalling proteins, also known as clients. Hsp90 ATPase activity is essential for its chaperone function and it is regulated by co-chaperones. Here we show that the tumour suppressor FLCN is an Hsp90 client protein and its binding partners FNIP1/FNIP2 function as co-chaperones. FNIPs decelerate the chaperone cycle, facilitating FLCN interaction with Hsp90, consequently ensuring FLCN stability. FNIPs compete with the activating co-chaperone Aha1 for binding to Hsp90, thereby providing a reciprocal regulatory mechanism for chaperoning of client proteins. Lastly, downregulation of FNIPs desensitizes cancer cells to Hsp90 inhibitors, whereas FNIPs overexpression in renal tumours compared with adjacent normal tissues correlates with enhanced binding of Hsp90 to its inhibitors. Our findings suggest that FNIPs expression can potentially serve as a predictive indicator of tumour response to Hsp90 inhibitors.
Robot off-line programming and simulation as a true CIME-subsystem (2003)

A robot off-line programming and real-time simulation system, ROPSIM, which is based on the neutral interface concept and features simulation of the dynamics of both the controller and robot arm, has been developed. To avoid dependency on dedicated robot models, ROPSIM is based on generic models describing the robot controller, robot arm geometry, and the robot and arm kinetics. The software was developed using the C++ programming language. The key modules are discussed. The system is a true computer-integrated manufacturing and engineering subsystem which facilitates the exchange and reuse of robot model definition data and robot program definition data with systems of other origin or different functionality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review: Mill and Mansion - A Study of Architecture and Society in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1820-1865 by John Coolidge (1942)

Book Review| October 01 1942 Review: Mill and Mansion - A Study of Architecture and Society in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1820-1865 by John Coolidge Mill and Mansion - A Study of Architecture and Society in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1820-1865John Coolidge Carroll L. V. Meeks Carroll L. V. Meeks Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians (1942) 2 (4): 35–37. https://doi.org/10.2307/901215 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Carroll L. V. Meeks; Review: Mill and Mansion - A Study of Architecture and Society in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1820-1865 by John Coolidge. Journal of the American Society of Architectural Historians 1 October 1942; 2 (4): 35–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/901215 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The North American Menopause Society (2008)

The percentage of abstracts published by NAMS is within the range and within a similar time frame compared with other scientific meetings. Oral presentations are more likely to be rapidly published and may therefore be of higher interest and clinical relevance along with sound methodology and results. Menopause contained the most manuscripts, demonstrating a possible preference of submission to the Society's journal.
High-Energy Density Redox Flow Lithium Battery with Unprecedented Voltage Efficiency (2016)

A redox flow lithium battery (RFLB) has decoupled energy storage and power generation units like a conventional redox flow battery, while it stores energy in solid materials by virtue of the unique redox targeting concept. Hence, it presents superior energy density and represents a promising approach for large-scale energy storage. In a RFLB, the potential difference between the redox shuttle molecules used in the same electrolyte normally brings about an intrinsic voltage hysteresis, resulting in a compromised voltage efficiency of the battery. Here we report a novel redox shuttle molecule pair to minimize the voltage hysteresis: anatase TiO2 is reduced by bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chromium (CrCp*2), while LixTiO2 is oxidized by cobaltocene (CoCp2). The potential difference between CoCp2 and CrCp*2 is only 0.15 V. A redox flow lithium battery is successfully demonstrated with an unprecedented voltage efficiency of 84%. The RFLB shows good cycling stability, and >90% Coulombic efficiency was demonstrated in the first 50 cycles.
Sigmoid colonic reflectance pulse oximetry and tonometry in a porcine experimental hypoperfusion shock model (2002)

In contrast to the results of previous investigations, the sigmoid colonic pulse oximetry was not useful because the method proved to be overly sensitive and non-linear in relation to regional blood flow.
A General Analysis of the 1990s New Expressions-A Research Based on 20(superscript th) Century Words (2008)

Language changes as the development of human history and is influenced by certain social cultures as well. Lexicon, the most active part in language has a strong connection with social activities. In the 1990s, dramatic changes in the whole world inevitably lead to the appearance of many new English expressions. This paper aims at finding out some interesting rules and characteristics of the 1990s new words and also appreciating some aspects of the Western culture reflected by the new expressions.
The Neuroprotective Role of PEDF: Implication for the Therapy of Neurological Disorders (2010)

Neuronal degeneration is closely associated with cognitive, motor and visual dysfunctions. Neuroprotective strategies have been investigated with the view to being employed as potential therapy for patients with these disabilities. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a 50-kDa secreted glycoprotein and a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) gene family. PEDF is detected in a broad range of human tissues, including almost all brain areas, and has been shown to have strong neuroprotective properties for various types of neurons including cerebellar granule neurons, hippocampal neurons, striatal neurons, retinal neurons and spinal cord motor neurons. These observations raise the possibility that application of PEDF may be helpful in designing new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and brain ischemia.