gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Esterification of Butanol and Acetic Acid. (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsterification of Butanol and Acetic Acid.C. E. Leyes and D. F. OthmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 10, 968–977Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50430a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50430a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2945Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BiP (GRP78) and Endoplasmin (GRP94) Are Induced following Rotavirus Infection and Bind Transiently to an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized Virion Component (1998)

ABSTRACT Rotavirus infection induces profound alterations in the morphology and biochemistry of the host cell. Using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis combined with metabolic labeling, we have identified four proteins that are specifically upregulated in rotavirus-infected cells. Two of these have been identified as BiP (GRP78) and endoplasmin (GRP94), members of a family of glucose-regulated chaperone proteins that reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, the site of rotavirus morphogenesis. The level of mRNA and the transcriptional activity of the BiP and endoplasmin genes are increased markedly in rotavirus-infected cells, and these genes are also induced when a single rotavirus protein, the nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4, is expressed in MA104 cells. However, NSP4 does not associate with either BiP or endoplasmin, implying that the mechanism of BiP and endoplasmin gene activation by NSP4 may differ from that triggered by viral membrane glycoproteins of other viruses. The interaction of BiP and endoplasmin with rotavirus structural polypeptides suggests that these chaperones are involved in the process of viral maturation in the ER lumen.
Quantitation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wound biopsy samples: from bacterial culture to rapid ‘real-time’ polymerase chain reaction (2000)

We developed a real-time detection (RTD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with rapid thermal cycling to detect and quantify Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wound biopsy samples. This method produced a linear quantitative detection range of 7 logs, with a lower detection limit of 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/g tissue or a few copies per reaction. The time from sample collection to result was less than 1h. RTD-PCR has potential for rapid quantitative detection of pathogens in critical care patients, enabling early and individualized treatment.
Exploring the single-cell RNA-seq analysis landscape with the scRNA-tools database (2018)

As single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets have become more widespread the number of tools designed to analyse these data has dramatically increased. Navigating the vast sea of tools now available is becoming increasingly challenging for researchers. In order to better facilitate selection of appropriate analysis tools we have created the scRNA-tools database (www.scRNA-tools.org) to catalogue and curate analysis tools as they become available. Our database collects a range of information on each scRNA-seq analysis tool and categorises them according to the analysis tasks they perform. Exploration of this database gives insights into the areas of rapid development of analysis methods for scRNA-seq data. We see that many tools perform tasks specific to scRNA-seq analysis, particularly clustering and ordering of cells. We also find that the scRNA-seq community embraces an open-source and open-science approach, with most tools available under open-source licenses and preprints being extensively used as a means to describe methods. The scRNA-tools database provides a valuable resource for researchers embarking on scRNA-seq analysis and records the growth of the field over time.
Scribe (1946)

Journal Article Scribe Get access H. A. H. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 190, Issue 9, 4 May 1946, Page 194, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/190.9.194e Published: 04 May 1946
A Sorting Platform Determines the Order of Protein Secretion in Bacterial Type III Systems (2011)

Bacterial type III protein secretion systems deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic cells in order to modulate cellular processes. Central to the function of these protein-delivery machines is their ability to recognize and secrete substrates in a defined order. Here, we describe a mechanism by which a type III secretion system from the bacterial enteropathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can sort its substrates before secretion. This mechanism involves a cytoplasmic sorting platform that is sequentially loaded with the appropriate secreted proteins. The sequential loading of this platform, facilitated by customized chaperones, ensures the hierarchy in type III protein secretion. Given the presence of these machines in many important pathogens, these findings can serve as the bases for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
Structure of the Collagen Fibril Across a Mineralized Interface: A Cryo-TEM Study of the Periodontal Ligament - Cementum Junction (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Altered Expression of Mβ2, the Class II β-Tubulin Isotype, in a Murine J774.2 Cell Line with a High Level of Taxol Resistance (1995)

A series of taxol- and taxotere-resistant J774.2 cell lines has been characterized with respect to altered expression of beta-tubulin, the cellular target for these drugs. Vertebrates have six classes of beta-tubulin isotypes, each displaying a distinct pattern of expression. Although the functional significance of multiple beta-tubulins has not been fully defined, there is evidence that the individual isotypes contribute to differences in microtubule dynamics and drug binding. To determine if alterations in the expression of beta-tubulin isotypes play a role in taxol resistance, a PCR-based methodology was developed that permits highly specific amplification of each of the six known murine beta-tubulin isotypes. Two isotypes, M beta 5 and M beta 3, were expressed abundantly in the drug-sensitive parental J774.2 cells. Although expressed at an extremely low level in the parental cells, expression of the M beta 2 isotype was increased 21-fold (< 0.005) in the cell line most resistant to taxol. These findings suggest that a cell can alter its relative tubulin isotype composition in response to an external stress and specifically imply that altered expression of M beta 2, the class II beta-tubulin isotype, may contribute to the development of high resistance to taxol.
Bacterially Produced Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles (2013)

Although current influenza vaccines are effective in general, there is an urgent need for the development of new technologies to improve vaccine production timelines, capacities and immunogenicity. Herein, we describe the development of an influenza vaccine technology which enables recombinant production of highly efficient influenza vaccines in bacterial expression systems. The globular head domain of influenza hemagglutinin, comprising most of the protein's neutralizing epitopes, was expressed in E. coli and covalently conjugated to bacteriophage-derived virus-like particles produced independently in E.coli. Conjugate influenza vaccines produced this way were used to immunize mice and found to elicit immune sera with high antibody titers specific for the native influenza hemagglutinin protein and high hemagglutination-inhibition titers. Moreover vaccination with these vaccines induced full protection against lethal challenges with homologous and highly drifted influenza strains.
Stirring and electric field assisted microbubble preparation (2010)

AbstractIn this paper, a stirring and electric field assisted microbubble preparation (SEFAMP) method for the preparation of microbubble ultrasound contrast agents is reported. Microbubbles with a narrow size distribution were obtained. The coalescence of microbubbles, which often happens in the stirring method, was eliminated. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 further optimised microbubble size distribution profile. This new method shed a light on realising the microbubble ultrasound agents as drug delivery vehicle and gene therapy for a potential clinical use.
Instantaneous slowness versus depth functions (1997)

Abstract Slowness versus depth functions offer a versatile complement to velocity versus depth functions. Obtaining the time-depth relationship, which is essential for time to depth conversion, is greatly facilitated by the convenient mathematical form of the slowness versus depth functions. This feature allows them to be used to provide an accurate description of a wide range of forms of slowness (hence, velocity) variation with depth. Examples of polynomial and asymptotic slowness versus depth functions are given. As in the case of velocity versus depth functions, the applicability of some function forms (such as high-order polynomials) may diminish rapidly outside the depth range over which the function is derived.
Genetic Diversity of D-genome Revealed by SSR Markers in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (2003)

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of D genome in 23 wheat cultivars or lines ( Triticum aestivum L.), which include 17 winter wheat and 6 spring wheat. The winter wheat originated from Beijing, Shanxi and Hebei. The spring wheat derived from Gansu, Ningxia and Sichun. Twenty three D genome specific SSR primers were selected for PCR amplification. A total of 65 alleles were identified, with an average of 2.9 alleles per locus. The number of detected alleles (60) and mean genetic distance (0.4504) in winter wheat were higher than those of spring wheat (48 and 0.3449), which indicated the genetic variation of winter wheat was relatively abundant as compared with spring wheat. From the above results, it was also found that the genetic basis of D genome, especially in chromosome 1D, was very narrow. The strategy for improving the genetic diversity of D genome in wheat was also discussed in this paper.
Speech Recognition Systems and Its Automatic Synthesis in Hardware (2010)

In this paper a methodology to perform optimizations in the hardware implementation of a speech recognizer is presented; this methodology explores the design space from a very high level representation of the algorithm. We expose how to accelerate the process of speech recognition by exploiting the inherently concurrent decoding stage. Finally, we show the cost in terms of hardware resources required to synthesize the speech recognition algorithms.
A limited flight study for investigating hyperstereo vision (2007)

A number of currently proposed helmet-mounted display (HMD) designs relocate image intensification (I<sup>2</sup>) tubes to the sides of the helmet. Such a design approach induces a visual condition referred to as hyperstereo vision (or hyperstereopsis). This condition manifests itself to the user as an exaggerated sense of depth perception, causing near- to mid-range objects to appear closer than they actually are. Hyperstereopsis is potentially a major concern for helicopter operations that are conducted at low altitudes. As part of a limited flight study to investigate this phenomenon, five rated U.S. Army aviators, as technical observers, wore a hyperstereo HMD during the conduct of a series if 13 standard maneuvers. Two subject aviators acquired a total of eight hours and three aviators a single hour of flight. Using a post-flight questionnaire, these aviators were asked to compare their visual experiences to that of normal I2-aided flight. Depth perception at distances below 300 feet was identified as the greatest challenge. The two 8-hour aviators reported a 5-8 hour "adaptation" period for most maneuvers.
Vibration control of a cantilever beam using adaptive resonant control (2004)

In this paper, an adaptive resonant controller is applied to attenuate vibrations in a cantilever beam structure with large varying parameters. This controller is particularly suited for structures that are exposed to previously unmodelled dynamics. On-line estimation of the structure's natural frequencies is used to up-date the resonant controller's parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive strategy can achieve better performances than its fixed-parameter counterpart.
Singlet Oxygen-mediated Protein Oxidation: Evidence for the Formation of Reactive Side Chain Peroxides on Tyrosine Residues¶ (2002)

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is generated by a number of enzymes as well as by UV or visible light in the presence of a sensitizer and has been proposed as a damaging agent in a number of pathologies including cataract, sunburn, and skin cancers. Proteins, and Cys, Met, Trp, Tyr and His side chains in particular, are major targets for 1O2 as a result of their abundance and high rate constants for reaction. In this study it is shown that long-lived peroxides are formed on free Tyr, Tyr residues in peptides and proteins, and model compounds on exposure to 1O2 generated by both photochemical and chemical methods. The yield of these species is significantly enhanced in D2O and decreased by azide. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic analysis of reaction mixtures, or materials separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, are consistent with the initial formation of an (undetected) endoperoxide that undergoes rapid ring-opening to give a hydroperoxide situated at the C1 ring-position (i.e. para to the phenolic group). In the presence of a free alpha-amino group (e.g. with free Tyr), rapid ring-closure occurs to give an indolic hydroperoxide that decays into the corresponding alcohol, 3a-hydroxy-6-oxo-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid. Hydroperoxides that lack a free alpha-amino group (e.g. those formed on 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, N-Ac-Tyr and Tyr-containing peptides) are longer-lived, with half-lives of hours to days. These species undergo slow decay at low temperatures to give the corresponding alcohol. Their rate of decay is enhanced at 37 degrees C, or on exposure to UV light or metal ions, and gives rise to reactive radicals, via cleavage of the peroxide bond. These radicals have been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping. These studies demonstrate that long-lived Tyr-derived peroxides are formed on proteins exposed to 1O2 and that these may promote damage to other targets via further radical generation.
Comparison between efficacy of imipramine and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: a randomized controlled clinical trial. (2011)

It appears that TENS method may be a good alternative method for patients suffering from CTTH. To better evaluate the efficacy of this method in the prevention and treatment of CTTH, more studies are recommended.
Immunization With <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Cysteine Protease: Effects on Experimental Gingivitis and Ligature‐Induced Periodontitis in <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> (1998)

Targeting bacterial virulence factors such as proteases for immunization may hold the key to limiting or preventing loss of attachment and alveolar bone in periodontal disease. This study examined the clinical, microbiological, and immununological responses following active immunization with a purified Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine protease (porphypain-2) in the nonhuman primate (Nhp) Macaca fascicularis. One group of Nhp was immunized with porphypain-2 antigen while control Nhp received placebo injections. All Nhp were subjected to experimental gingivitis followed by ligature-induced periodontitis in a split-mouth design. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that immunization elicited a significantly elevated and specific IgG antibody response to both whole cell P. gingivalis (36-fold) and to porphypain-2 (194-fold). Checkerboard hybridization DNA analysis of subgingival plaque from ligated sextants demonstrated that 25% more Gram-negative anaerobic species became significantly elevated from baseline and at earlier timepoints in the control group than in the immununized group. Immunization with this protease did not suppress the emergence of P. gingivalis. Clinical indices showed few changes related to immunization. Alveolar bone density changes demonstrated a highly significant loss in ligated sextants compared to non-ligated sextants within the control group (P < 0.001), and a smaller but significant difference within the immunized group (P = 0.043). Comparison of ligated sextants only demonstrated more bone loss in the control group versus the immunized group (-13.07+/-9.51 versus -9.41+/-6.18; computer-assisted densitometric image analysis units +/- SD); the difference approached, but did not reach, significance. The results suggest that porphypain-2 may contribute to the pathogenic potential of the subgingival plaque microbiota in the Nhp model of ligature-induced periodontitis, and that active immunization with porphypain-2 appeared capable of altering this pathogenic response.
Stacks And Systems Based Around Metal Supported SOFCs Operating at 500–600°C (2005)

A novel metal supported solid oxide fuel cell has been developed, capable of operating at temperatures of 500–600°C. The rationale behind the materials used to construct this, fuel cell type is given, and results presented from cell and short stack testing. This new fuel cell variant is shown to be tolerant of carbon monoxide, durable, robust to thermal and redox cycling, and capable of delivering technologically relevant power densities. These results are used as the basis for stack and system simulations, demonstrating that attractive efficiencies for systems of around 4 kWe (net AC) rating operated on natural gas can be realized using this approach.
An improved Doherty amplifier using cascaded digital predistortion and digital gate voltage enhancement (2009)

This paper describes algorithms used to improve linearity, efficiency, and peak power of a Doherty amplifier whose auxiliary transistor gate voltage is adjusted digitally as a function of the signal envelope. Two predistortion stages are used to compensate for high-order memoryless nonlinearities and low-order memory effects. The digital gate voltage waveform is a sigmoid function of the predistorted signal's envelope with two voltage limits corresponding to class C and AB bias levels. The instantaneous gate voltage is controlled by two adjustable parameters: a breakpoint and a slope. The parameters are adjusted to reduce the variance of the AM-AM curve of the power amplifier. The enhancement of the gate voltage at higher signal envelope levels increases the peak power and improves the efficiency of the Doherty amplifier structure.
Factor H Binding and Function in Sialylated Pathogenic Neisseriae is Influenced by Gonococcal, but Not Meningococcal, Porin (2007)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis both express the lacto-N-neotetraose (LNT) lipooligosaccharide (LOS) molecule that can be sialylated. Although gonococcal LNT LOS sialylation enhances binding of the alternative pathway complement inhibitor factor H and renders otherwise serum-sensitive bacteria resistant to complement-dependent killing, the role of LOS sialylation in meningococcal serum resistance is less clear. We show that only gonococcal, but not meningococcal, LNT LOS sialylation enhanced factor H binding. Replacing the porin (Por) B molecule of a meningococcal strain (LOS sialylated) that did not bind factor H with gonococcal Por1B augmented factor H binding. Capsule expression did not alter factor H binding to meningococci that express gonococcal Por. Conversely, replacing gonococcal Por1B with meningococcal PorB abrogated factor H binding despite LNT LOS sialylation. Gonococcal Por1B introduced in the background of an unsialylated meningococcus itself bound small amounts of factor H, suggesting a direct factor H-Por1B interaction. Factor H binding to unsialylated meningococci transfected with gonococcal Por1B was similar to the sialylated counterpart only in the presence of higher (20 microg/ml) concentrations of factor H and decreased in a dose-responsive manner by approximately 80% at 1.25 microg/ml. Factor H binding to the sialylated strain remained unchanged over this factor H concentration range however, suggesting that LOS sialylation facilitated optimal factor H-Por1B interactions. The functional counterpart of factor H binding showed that sialylated meningococcal mutants that possessed gonococcal Por1B were resistant to complement-mediated killing by normal human serum. Our data highlight the different mechanisms used by these two related species to evade complement.
Maintenance of viability and comparison of identification methods for influenza and other respiratory viruses of humans (1977)

A comparison of Hanks balanced salt solution, veal infusion broth (VIB), and charcoal viral transport medium for maintaining viability of type A influenza virus indicated approximately equal survival of virus on all three media at -70 and 4 degrees C, whereas at 25 degrees C virus survived best in VIB. VIB supplemented with bovine serum albumin was used as transport medium in a community-wide surveillance of febrile respiratory disease for influenza viruses. Unfrozen throat swab specimens were placed in VIB and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 5 days without effect on isolation frequencies of either type A or type B influenza virus or type 1 or type 3 parainfluenza virus. Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence with hemadsorption for detection of type A influenza virus in rhesus monkey kidney cultures revealed a requirement for at least five fluorescing cells to eliminate false positive indirect immunofluorescence tests and at least 3 days of incubation to eliminate false negative tests when compared with hemadsorption at later times. Detection frequencies for the two methods after 2 and 3 days of incubation were not significantly different.