gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycoprotein N of Human Cytomegalovirus Protects the Virus from Neutralizing Antibodies (2012)

Herpes viruses persist in the infected host and are transmitted between hosts in the presence of a fully functional humoral immune response, suggesting that they can evade neutralization by antiviral antibodies. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes a number of polymorphic highly glycosylated virion glycoproteins (g), including the essential envelope glycoprotein, gN. We have tested the hypothesis that glycosylation of gN contributes to resistance of the virus to neutralizing antibodies. Recombinant viruses carrying deletions in serine/threonine rich sequences within the glycosylated surface domain of gN were constructed in the genetic background of HCMV strain AD169. The deletions had no influence on the formation of the gM/gN complex and in vitro replication of the respective viruses compared to the parent virus. The gN-truncated viruses were significantly more susceptible to neutralization by a gN-specific monoclonal antibody and in addition by a number of gB- and gH-specific monoclonal antibodies. Sera from individuals previously infected with HCMV also more efficiently neutralized gN-truncated viruses. Immunization of mice with viruses that expressed the truncated forms of gN resulted in significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers against the homologous strain that was accompanied by increased antibody titers against known neutralizing epitopes on gB and gH. Importantly, neutralization activity of sera from animals immunized with gN-truncated virus did not exhibit enhanced neutralizing activity against the parental wild type virus carrying the fully glycosylated wild type gN. Our results indicate that the extensive glycosylation of gN could represent a potentially important mechanism by which HCMV neutralization by a number of different antibody reactivities can be inhibited.
NtBRC1 suppresses axillary branching in tobacco after decapitation (2016)

Axillary branching is controlled by a very complex mechanism involving various endogenous and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown that Tb1/BRC1 is the point of integration in the network of molecular mechanisms regulating axillary branching in plants. In this study, we cloned the Tb1/BRC1 ortholog, NtBRC1, from Nicotiana tabacum and functionally analyzed its role in the control of axillary branching in tobacco. Overexpression of NtBRC1 resulted in significant retardation of axillary branching, and downregulation of this gene resulted in significant acceleration of axillary branching after decapitation. This indicates a negative role for this gene in the regulation of axillary branching. In-line with previous reports, NtBRC1 was found to be expressed predominantly in axillary buds. Additionally, as expected, expression was decreased 8 h following decapitation, which further confirms its role in the suppression of axillary branching. Furthermore, the expression of NtBRC1 was significantly downregulated by cytokinin, but was not affected by GR24, a synthetic strigolactone. Based on the data collected in the present study, we demonstrate that NtBRC1 negatively regulates axillary branching in tobacco after decapitation and functions downstream of the cytokinin signaling pathway inside axillary buds.
Conversion of isoaspartyl peptides to normal peptides: implications for the cellular repair of damaged proteins. (1987)

The hypothesis that cellular protein carboxyl-methylation reactions recognize altered aspartyl residues as part of a protein repair pathway has been tested in an in vitro system using tetragastrin (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) as a model sequence. The L-isoaspartyl form of tetragastrin, where the phenylalanine residue is linked to the side-chain carboxyl group of the aspartate residue ([iso-Asp3]tetragastrin), is a substrate for the erythrocyte protein carboxyl methyltransferases, while the normal form is not. The enzymatically produced alpha-methyl ester of [iso-Asp3]tetragastrin, [iso-Asp(OMe)3]tetragastrin, is unstable at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C and spontaneously demethylates with a half-time of 41 min to an intermediate L-succinimide form ([Asu3]tetragastrin) that, in turn, spontaneously hydrolyzes with a half time of 116 min to give a mixture of normal tetragastrin (20%) and [iso-Asp3]tetragastrin (80%). This sequence of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions can be coupled in a single reaction mixture; the [iso-Asp3]tetragastrin that is produced upon succinimide hydrolysis can reenter the reaction sequence by enzymatic methylation, and the net result of the process is the conversion of the isomerized peptide to the normal peptide. The efficiency of this "repair" reaction is limited by a side reaction of racemization at the alpha-carbon of the succinimide (half-time = 580 min). In a 24-hr time period, normal L-aspartyl-containing tetragastrin is obtained in about 50% yield from the coupled reaction mixture; other products include [D-iso-Asp3]tetragastrin and [D-Asp3]tetragastrin. The versatile chemistry of succinimide peptides suggests that methylated L-isoaspartyl sites (and possibly methylated D-aspartyl sites) in cellular polypeptides can eventually yield "repaired" normal L-aspartyl sites through succinimide intermediates.
Ferromagnetic resonance behavior of evaporated Gd-Fe alloy films (1986)

The bulk and local magnetic properties have been investigated for evaporated Gd-Fe alloy films. The origin of the multiresonance fields of amorphous Gd-Fe alloy films was speculated to be due to several compositionally different short-range-ordered structures. These results yield the locally different magnetic properties, such as the Curie temperatures, magnetizations, g values, and anisotropy field difference. The magnetization of the annealed alloy film increase mainly due to the ferromagnetically ordered α-Fe and α-Gd precipitates.
CHURP: Dynamic-Committee Proactive Secret Sharing. (2019)

We introduce CHURP (CHUrn-Robust Proactive secret sharing). CHURP enables secure secret-sharing in dynamic settings, where the committee of nodes storing a secret changes over time. Designed for blockchains, CHURP has lower communication complexity than previous schemes: $O(n)$ on-chain and $O(n^2)$ off-chain in the optimistic case of no node failures. CHURP includes several technical innovations: An efficient new proactivization scheme of independent interest, a technique (using asymmetric bivariate polynomials) for efficiently changing secret-sharing thresholds, and a hedge against setup failures in an efficient polynomial commitment scheme. We also introduce a general new technique for inexpensive off-chain communication across the peer-to-peer networks of permissionless blockchains. We formally prove the security of CHURP, report on an implementation, and present performance measurements.
Application and Research on Weighted Bloom Filter and Bloom Filter in Web Cache (2009)

A bloom filter is a simple space-efficient randomized data structure for representing a set in order to support membership queries. Bloom filters and their generalizations, weighted bloom filters and compressed bloom filters have been suggested as a means for sharing Web cache information. In this paper, a summary about the current research and application on bloom filter is first given, and then a comparison of theory and practice between the bloom filter and weighted bloom filter is given. In theory, it was proved that weighted bloom filter has lower false prediction than bloom filter. But the simulation results showed that bloom filter is better than weighted. the reason is that weighted bloom filter needs the necessary conditions, which cannot be satisfied in real world.
Synthesis of the Novel Antidepressant (<i>R</i>)-(-)-Rolipram (1997)

Abstract Enantioselective synthesis of (R)-Rolipram 1 has been achieved through a conjugate addition of cyanide to enantiomerically pure 2-(2-aryl ethenyl)oxazoline 2, followed by selective reduction of the adduct with NaBH4-NiCl2.
Help desk system with intelligent interface (1997)

Automated help desk systems should retrieve exactly the information required to assist a user as quickly and as easily as possible be it for a lay user who knows little about the domain or for an advanced user who requires more specialized information. Automated help desk systems should also be easily maintainable, as knowledge in domains where help is required often changes very rapidly, for example, help for computer users. The aim of this study was to develop a help desk information retrieval mechanism suitable for a wide range of users and to provide a way of easily maintaining the system. The prototype developed for use over the World Wide Web combines keyword search and case-based reasoning to provide both rapid focusing on a part of the help information and guided interaction when the user is unclear about appropriate keywords. Ease of maintenance is provided by using multiple classification ripple down rules (MCRDR) to maintain the domain knowledge in the system. Further issues that arise include the problem of inappropriate focusing by keywords and maintenance in a distributed environment.
Half-swing clocking scheme for 75% power saving in clocking circuitry (1995)

We propose a half-swing clocking scheme that allows us to reduce power consumption of clocking circuitry by as much as 75%, because all the clock signal swings are reduced to half of the LSI supply voltage. The new clocking scheme causes quite small speed degradation, because the random logic circuits in the critical path are still supplied by the full supply voltage. We also propose a clock driver which supplies half-swing clock and generates half V/sub DD/ by itself. We confirmed that the half-swing clocking scheme provided 67% power saving in a test chip fabricated with 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, ideally 75%, in the clocking circuitry, and that the degradation in speed was only 0.5 ns by circuit simulation. The key to the proposed clocking scheme is the concept that the voltage swing is reduced only for clocking circuitry, but is retained for all other circuits in the chip. This results in significant power reduction with minimal speed degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-performance low-temperature solution-processable ZnO thin film transistors by microwave-assisted annealing (2010)

Oxide semiconductors afford a promising alternative to organic semiconductors and amorphous silicon materials in applications requiring transparent thin film transistors (TFTs). We synthesized an aqueous inorganic precursor by a direct dissolution of zinc hydroxide in ammonium hydroxide solution from which a dense and uniform ZnO semiconducting layer is achieved. Solution-processed ZnO-TFTs prepared at 140 °C by microwave irradiation have shown enhanced device characteristics of ∼1.7 cm2 V−1s−1 mobility and a ∼107 on/off current ratio, with good air stability. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that such a device improvement originates from accelerated dehydroxylation and better crystallization at low temperature by microwave irradiation. Our results suggest that solution-processable oxide semiconductors have potential for low-temperature and high-performance applications in transparent devices.
Serum MicroRNA Expression Profile as a Biomarker in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

These data demonstrate that the 7 miRNA-based biomarker can serve as a novel noninvasive approach for PaC diagnosis and prognosis.
RGD‐Conjugated Nanoscale Coordination Polymers for Targeted T<sub>1</sub>‐ and T<sub>2</sub>‐weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors in Vivo (2013)

Development of multifunctional nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) allowing for T 1 ‐ and T 2 ‐weighted targeted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of tumors could significantly improve the diagnosis accuracy. In this study, nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) with a diameter of ≈80 nm are obtained with 1,1′‐dicarboxyl ferrocene (Fc) as building blocks and magnetic gadolinium(III) ions as metallic nodes using a nanoprecipitation method, then further aminated through silanization. The amine‐functionalized Fc‐Gd@SiO 2 NCPs enable the covalent conjugation of a fluorescent rhodamine dye (RBITC) and an arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide as a targeting ligand onto their surface. The formed water‐dispersible Fc‐Gd@SiO 2 (RBITC)–RGD NCPs exhibit a low cytotoxicity, as confirmed by MTT assay. They have a longitudinal relaxivity ( r 1 ) of 5.1 mM −1 s −1 and transversal relaxivity ( r 2 ) of 21.7 mM −1 s −1 , suggesting their possible use as both T 1 ‐positive and T 2 ‐negative contrast agents. In vivo MR imaging experiments show that the signal of tumor over‐expressing high affinity α v β 3 integrin from T 1 ‐weighted MR imaging is positively enhanced 47±5%, and negatively decreased 33±5% from T 2 ‐weighted MR imaging after intravenous injection of Fc‐Gd@SiO 2 (RBITC)–RGD NCPs.
<title>Very high quality image restoration by combining wavelets and curvelets</title> (2001)

We outline digital implementations of two newly developed multiscale representation systems, namely, the ridgelet and curvelet transforms. We apply these digital transforms to the problem of restoring an image from noisy data and compare our results with those obtained via well established methods based on the thresholding of wavelet coefficients. We develop a methodology to combine wavelets together these new systems to perform noise removal by exploiting all these systems simultaneously. The results of the combined reconstruction exhibits clear advantages over any individual system alone. For example, the residual error contains essentially no visually intelligible structure: no structure is lost in the reconstruction.
PERCUTANEOUS CYSTOGASTROSTOMY FOR TREATMENT OF PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYSTS (1993)

Cystogastrostomy or cystojejunostomy at open operation has been the usual treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the results of percutaneous cystogastrostomy (PCG) for the treatment of symptomatic pseudocysts. The technique of PCG comprised initially of drainage of the pseudocyst with a 10 Fr percutaneous, transgastric catheter. This initial drainage catheter had two components; the first, between the pseudocyst and the stomach, drained the pseudocyst and the second, between the stomach and exterior, acted as a percutaneous gastrostomy. The initial drain was left in situ for 14 days, at which time it was exchanged percutaneously for the definitive PCG; a double ended Mallecot type catheter that drained between the pseudocyst and the stomach. The latter catheter was left in situ until there was no residual pseudocyst demonstrated on computerized tomography scan and was removed endoscopically. Eleven patients with large (> 6 cm), symptomatic pseudocysts have been treated with PCG. All patients were treated successfully without the need for surgical intervention. The median time to radiological resolution was 24 days. There were four episodes of sepsis, two related to central venous line infections nad two related to catheter blockage. Percutaneous, cystogastrostomy blockage was managed by either replacing the initial drain or inserting a second catheter. The median follow up after successful treatment was 9 months (range 2-17). There were no symptomatic recurrences and one small (2 cm) asymptomatic recurrent pseudocyst. This preliminary experience with PCG demonstrates the efficacy of this procedure for treating symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts.
Plasma assisted heat treatment: annealing (2009)

This work comprises a new dc plasma application in the metallurgical–mechanical field, called plasma assisted heat treatment, and it presents the first results for annealing. Annealing treatments were performed in 90% reduction cold-rolled niobium samples at 900 °C and 60 min, in two different heating ways: (a) in a hollow cathode discharge (HCD) configuration and (b) in a plasma oven configuration. The evolution of the samples' recrystallization was determined by means of the microstructure, microhardness and softening rate characterization. The results indicate that plasma species (ions and neutrals) bombardment in HCD plays an important role in the recrystallization process activation and could lead to technological and economical advantages considering the metallic materials' heat treatment application.
The nature of heme/iron-induced protein tyrosine nitration (2003)

Recently, substantial evidence has emerged that revealed a very close association between the formation of nitrotyrosine and the presence of activated granulocytes containing peroxidases, such as myeloperoxidase. Peroxidases share heme-containing homology and can use H(2)O(2) to oxidize substrates. Heme is a complex of iron with protoporphyrin IX, and the iron-containing structure of heme has been shown to be an oxidant in several model systems where the prooxidant effects of free iron, heme, and hemoproteins may be attributed to the formation of hypervalent states of the heme iron. In the current study, we have tested the hypothesis that free heme and iron play a crucial role in NO(2)-Tyr formation. The data from our study indicate that: (i) hemeiron catalyzes nitration of tyrosine residues by using hydrogen peroxide and nitrite, a reaction that revealed the mechanism underlying the protein nitration by peroxidase, H(2)O(2), and NO(2)(-); (ii) H(2)O(2) plays a key role in the protein oxidation that forms the basis for the protein nitration, whereas nitrite is an essential element that facilitates nitration by the heme(Fe), H(2)O(2), and the NO(2)(-) system; (iii) the formation of a Fe(IV) hypervalent compound may be essential for heme(Fe)-catalyzed nitration, whereas O(2)(*-) (ONOO(-) formation), (*)OH (Fenton reaction), and compound III are unlikely to contribute to the reaction; and (iv) hemoprotein-rich tissues such as cardiac muscle are vulnerable to protein nitration in pathological conditions characterized by the overproduction of H(2)O(2) and NO(2)(-), or nitric oxide.
A robust codec for transmission of very low bit-rate video over channels with bursty errors (2000)

We describe a robust codec for the transmission of very low bit-rate video over channels with a variety of errors, including random and bursty bit errors and packet loss. The codec exploits adaptivity to give good performance with a low overhead. By only protecting macroblocks which would otherwise be poorly concealed by the decoder the codec allows adaptive selection of the parts of video to protect. For protection, it uses multiple description codes which indirectly provide frequency-based adaptivity by protecting the more significant DCT coefficients. Simulations show significant improvements in the performance of the codec when compared to codecs which use intra macroblock updating (raster scan and random) at the same overhead. The codec is efficient in its use of bits and has good error resilience properties both objectively and subjectively over a wide range of conditions. Further, transcoding of the received bit stream to the standard H.263 syntax is relatively easy.
Isolation and characterization of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> B mutant strain defective in uracil catabolism (1998)

A reductive pathway of uracil catabolism was shown to be functioning in Escherichia coli B ATCC 11303 by virtue of thin-layer chromatographic and enzyme analyses. A mutant defective in uracil catabolism was isolated from this strain and subsequently characterized. The three enzyme activities associated with the reductive pathway of pyrimidine catabolism were detectable in the wild-type E. coli B cells, while the mutant strain was found to be deficient for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity. The dehydrogenase was shown to utilize NADPH as its nicotinamide cofactor. Growth of ATCC 11303 cells on uracil or glutamic acid instead of ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source increased the reductive pathway enzyme activities. The mutant strain exhibited increased catabolic enzyme activities after growth on ammonium sulfate or glutamic acid.Key words: uracil catabolism, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, reductive pathway, mutant, Escherichia coli.
High Reliability Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor Drive for Aircraft Application (2011)

Reliability is a fundamental requirement in aircraft safety-critical equipments. Its pursuing involves the adoption of protective design concepts such as fault-tolerant or redundant approaches, aiming to minimize mission failure probabilities. Multi-phase motor drives are gaining a growing interest to this extent, because they permit a boost in torque and power density, allowing the design of very compact high efficiency drives with intrinsic fault-tolerant capabilities. This paper presents a five-phase permanent magnet brushless motor drive developed for an aircraft flap actuator application. The motor is designed to satisfy the load specifications with one or two phases open or with a phase short circuited, while a failure in the rotor position sensors is remedied through a sensorless strategy. Design studies aiming to predict the faulty mode performance in case of different remedial strategies are presented. Experimental tests on the drive prototype are included, which confirm its capability to satisfy the planned degraded modes of operation.
Clinical Applications of Affinity Chromatography (2003)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes #Reprinted from Separation Techniques in Clinical Chemistry, Aboul‐Enein, H.A., Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2003; 321–359.
SR-71 Revealed: The Inside Story (1996)

Put your pressure suit on and strap yourself in for a Mach 3 ride! Former SR-71 Wing Commander Rich Graham tells the amazing inside story of the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. Graham provides a detailed look at the entire SR-71 story beginning with his application to be an SR pilot through commanding an entire wing.
Ablation pathway currents of a linear phased multi-electrode system (2002)

Multi-electrode catheter ablation has been used for treatment of drug refractory atrial fibrillation in humans. With a multi-electrode system, RF energy can be delivered to each electrode with a different voltage and phase angle, resulting in many current pathways, and more effective therapeutic lesion generation. Thus, the lesion dimension and uniformity can be shaped by controlling the current distribution among different pathways. This paper analyzes the influence of ablation electrode size, position and RF phase angle on the current pathways of a three-band electrode system. The analysis is based on a homogeneous integral equation model. When the RF energy is delivered asynchronously, both bipolar and unipolar currents contribute to ablation heating and lesion creation. The phase angle between adjacent electrode pairs has paramount impact on the current distribution among bipolar and unipolar pathways and thus renders an efficient control over lesion depth and uniformity.
Triplet State Photosensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Electrodes by Zinc-Substituted Cytochrome <i>c</i>:  Application to Hydrogen Evolution (2005)

The interfacing of nanostructured semiconductor photoelectrodes with redox proteins is an innovative approach to the development of artificial photosynthetic systems. In this paper, we have investigated the photoinduced electron-transfer reactions of zinc-substituted cytochrome c, ZnCyt-c, immobilized on mesoporous, nanocrystalline metal oxide electrodes. Efficient electron injection from the triplet state of ZnCyt-c is observed into TiO(2) electrodes (t(50%) approximately 100 micros) resulting in a long-lived charge-separated state (lifetime of up to 0.4 s). Further studies were undertaken as a function of electrolyte pH and metal oxide employed. Optimum yield of a long-lived charge-separated state was observed employing TiO(2) electrodes at pH 5, consistent with our previous studies of analogous dye-sensitized metal oxide electrodes. The addition of EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor to the electrolyte resulted in efficient photogeneration of molecular hydrogen, with a quantum yield per one absorbed photon of 10 +/- 5%.