gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of acyclovir and human interferon‐α on herpes simplex virus replication in cultured neural cells (1989)

The combined effects of Acyclovir [9-(2'-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; ACV] and human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on replication of the herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) were determined in human neural cell lines, neuroblastoma (IMR), glioblastoma (118MGC), and glioma (U251MG). HSV-1 grew well in all these cells, with final yields of more than 1 x 10(6) PFU/ml. In terms of virus-yield reduction, ACV was found to be highly effective in IMR, moderately effective in U251MG, but ineffective in 118MGC. By contrast, IFN-alpha reduced the virus yield significantly in 118MGC and in U251MG, but did not in IMR. Combined application of ACV and IFN-alpha strongly inhibited the virus replication in all three cell lines with various degrees of synergism or additive effect. These results were also confirmed by immunofluorescent examinations. The sensitivity of HSV-1 to ACV or IFN-alpha was found to be different among the three different cell types. By combining the two agents, the virus growth was strongly suppressed in all the cells. These results suggest the importance of combination therapy for severe type of herpes simplex encephalitis in clinical practice.
Identification of a direct Dlx homeodomain target in the developing mouse forebrain and retina by optimization of chromatin immunoprecipitation (2004)

Understanding homeobox gene specificity and function has been hampered by the lack of proven direct transcriptional targets during development. Dlx genes are expressed in the developing forebrain, retina, craniofacial structures and limbs. Dlx1/Dlx2 double knockout mice die at birth with multiple defects including abnormal forebrain development and decreased Dlx5 and Dlx6 expression. We have successfully applied chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to identify a direct transcriptional target of DLX homeoproteins from embryonic tissues in vivo. We optimized cross-linking conditions to enrich for protein-DNA complexes, then using specific high affinity DLX antibodies captured immunoenriched DLX genomic DNA transcriptional targets. DLX homeobox proteins bind differentially to the Dlx5/Dlx6 intergenic enhancer in newborn retina (DLX2) and embryonic striatum (DLX1, DLX2) in situ. Reporter gene assays demonstrated the functional significance of the binding of DLX proteins to this regulatory element, confirmed in vitro by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, using tissue extracts or recombinant DLX proteins. ChIP provides the best approach to identify direct Dlx homeoprotein targets from developing tissues in situ. The use of this technology will advance our understanding of Dlx gene function in the vertebrate in vivo and can be applied to examine targets of other homeobox genes and other classes of transcription factors.
Time, Structure, and Fluctuations (1978)

Fundamental conceptual problems that arise from the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the second law of thermodynamics are considered. It is shown that nonequilibrium may become a source of order and that irreversible processes may lead to a new type of dynamic states of matter called "dissipative structures." The thermodynamic theory of such structures is outlined. A microscopic definition of irreversible processes is given, and a transformation theory is developed that allows one to introduce nonunitary equations of motion that explicitly display irreversibility and approach to thermodynamic equilibrium. The work of the group at the University of Brussels in these fields is briefly reviewed. In this new development of theoretical chemistry and physics, it is likely that thermodynamic concepts will play an ever-increasing role.
[Detection of herpes simplex viral genome in normal cornea]. (1997)

The results indicate that the HSV genome is present in some normal corneas, that is concordant with the seropositive rate of HSV in people.
Extent: Inferring Image Metadata from Context and Content (2005)

We present EXTENT, an image annotation system that combines the context and content information to annotate images with metadata that cannot be reliably inferred from either the context or the content alone. EXTENT first applies contextual information for restricting the search scope in an image database and reducing the complexity of ensuing content analysis. It can then afford to use more expensive (hence more robust) algorithms for performing content analysis within the restricted database scope. Our experiments show that effectively combining content with context information can infer metadata with high accuracy
Dynamics of aircraft antiskid braking systems (1982)

A computer study was performed to assess the accuracy of three brake pressure-torque mathematical models. The investigation utilized one main gear wheel, brake, and tire assembly of a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 series 10 airplane. The investigation indicates that the performance of aircraft antiskid braking systems is strongly influenced by tire characteristics, dynamic response of the antiskid control valve, and pressure-torque response of the brake. The computer study employed an average torque error criterion to assess the accuracy of the models. The results indicate that a variable nonlinear spring with hysteresis memory function models the pressure-torque response of the brake more accurately than currently used models.
Organics in water: solid phase extraction on a small scale (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganics in water: solid phase extraction on a small scaleG. A. Junk and J. J. RichardCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 5, 451–454Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00156a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views729Altmetric-Citations185LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (529 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 5-Amino-8-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.and Derivatives (1985)

The intermediate 3a formed during the preparation of naphthazarin (4) from 1,5-dinitronaphthalene (1) has been isolated and converted to several O- and N-alkylated (-acylated) derivatives 3b-j.
Bubble dynamics in a compressible liquid. Part 1. First-order theory (1986)

The radial dynamics of a spherical bubble in a compressible liquid is studied by means of a simplified singular-perturbation method to first order in the bubble-wall Mach number. It is shown that, at this order, a one-parameter family of approximate equations for the bubble radius exists, which includes those previously derived by Herring and Keller as special cases. The relative merits of these and other equations of the family are judged by comparison with numerical results obtained from the complete partial-differential-equation formulation by the method of characteristics. It is concluded that an equation close to the Keller form, but written in terms of the enthalpy of the liquid at the bubble wall, rather than the pressure, is most accurate, at least for the cases considered of collapse in a constant-pressure field and collapse driven by a Gaussian pressure pulse. A physical discussion of the magnitude and nature of compressibility effects is also given.
Decoding static and dynamic arm and hand gestures from the JPL BioSleeve (2013)

This paper presents methods for inferring arm and hand gestures from forearm surface electromyography (EMG) sensors and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). These sensors, together with their electronics, are packaged in an easily donned device, termed the BioSleeve, worn on the forearm. The gestures decoded from BioSleeve signals can provide natural user interface commands to computers and robots, without encumbering the users hands and without problems that hinder camera-based systems. Potential aerospace applications for this technology include gesture-based crew-autonomy interfaces, high degree of freedom robot teleoperation, and astronauts' control of power-assisted gloves during extra-vehicular activity (EVA). We have developed techniques to interpret both static (stationary) and dynamic (time-varying) gestures from the BioSleeve signals, enabling a diverse and adaptable command library. For static gestures, we achieved over 96% accuracy on 17 gestures and nearly 100% accuracy on 11 gestures, based solely on EMG signals. Nine dynamic gestures were decoded with an accuracy of 99%. This combination of wearableEMGand IMU hardware and accurate algorithms for decoding both static and dynamic gestures thus shows promise for natural user interface applications.
Optimization of the neutralization technique to enhance the diversity performance of a two-antenna system for UMTS mobile phones (2008)

In this paper, we have shown that it was still possible to get a very good diversity system gain for very closely spaced UMTS PIFAs (0.027 lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) positioned on the PCB of a small communicating object by using the neutralization technique. The goal is to see how efficient can be the neutralization technique when the radiators are separated by a very small distance or in other terms, how close can be placed two small UMTS PIFAs on a small ground plane while still having a satisfactory DSG with our neutralization technique. Several measurements will be soon conducted in the Bluetest reverberation chamber of Chalmers Institute to confirm these values.
In vitro synergistic activity of ethambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, rifampin, and streptomycin against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (1982)

Strains of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex often exhibit in vitro resistance to common antimycobacterial agents. Combinations of etambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, rifampin, and streptomycin were tested to determine if synergism occurred. Ninety-six percent of the strains were susceptible to a combination of ethambutol and rifampin at concentrations attainable clinically. Other combinations of antimycobacterial agents inhibited 4 to 82% of the isolates tested.
Issues in system identification (1991)

A brief outline is given of mainstream system identifications, i.e. the typical approaches, algorithms, and properties in the world of data-based model construction. A number of important problems that are not sufficiently understood are pointed out. Particular attention is given to the problem of how to develop constructive and systematic ways to determine suitable model structures, i.e. to move from parameter estimation to system identification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3-INDOLE ALDEHYDE AND CERTAIN OF ITS CONDENSATION PRODUCTS (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-INDOLE ALDEHYDE AND CERTAIN OF ITS CONDENSATION PRODUCTSR. B. VAN ORDER and H. G. LINDWALLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1945, 10, 2, 128–133Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01178a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01178a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views682Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tricyclic heteroaromatic ring systems II A convenient synthesis of 1<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[3,2‐<i>c</i>]quinolines (1978)

Abstract Various quinol‐4‐yl hydrazones on heating in high boiling solvents undergo cyclizations to give l H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]quinolines in good yields. Some of these pyrroloquinolines were alkylated to provide their N ‐alkyl derivatives.
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification for ATM Local Area Networks (2005)

The application of backward explicit congestion notification (BECN) to an ATM LAN is investigated in order to support the dynamic sharing of bandwidth between high-speed, bursty, data traffic sources. The results of a simulation study are presented which suggest that a BECN mechanism may provide simple and effective traffic management for an ATM LAN or campus backbone network of up to at least 50 km diameter. Cell loss due to congestion may be prevented and a link utilization in excess of 80% may be maintained with only 0.08% of the link bandwidth, per active source, carrying backward congestion notification traffic during a congestion event. >
Increased seizure duration and slowed potassium kinetics in mice lacking aquaporin‐4 water channels (2006)

The glial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been hypothesized to modulate water and potassium fluxes associated with neuronal activity. In this study, we examined the seizure phenotype of AQP4 -/- mice using in vivo electrical stimulation and electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. AQP4 -/- mice were found to have dramatically prolonged stimulation-evoked seizures after hippocampal stimulation compared to wild-type controls (33 +/- 2 s vs. 13 +/- 2 s). In addition, AQP4 -/- mice were found to have a higher seizure threshold (167 +/- 17 microA vs. 114 +/- 10 microA). To assess a potential effect of AQP4 on potassium kinetics, we used in vivo recording with potassium-sensitive microelectrodes after direct cortical stimulation. Although there was no significant difference in baseline or peak [K(+)](o), the rise time to peak [K(+)](o) (t(1/2), 2.3 +/- 0.5 s) as well as the recovery to baseline [K(+)](o) (t(1/2), 15.6 +/- 1.5 s) were slowed in AQP4 -/- mice compared to WT mice (t(1/2), 0.5 +/- 0.1 and 6.6 +/- 0.7 s, respectively). These results implicate AQP4 in the expression and termination of seizure activity and support the hypothesis that AQP4 is coupled to potassium homeostasis in vivo.
Viral Single-Strand DNA Induces p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are primed for rapid apoptosis following mild forms of genotoxic stress. A natural form of such cellular stress occurs in response to recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) single-strand DNA genomes, which exploit the host DNA damage response for replication and genome persistence. Herein, we discovered a unique DNA damage response induced by rAAV transduction specific to pluripotent hESCs. Within hours following rAAV transduction, host DNA damage signaling was elicited as measured by increased gamma-H2AX, ser15-p53 phosphorylation, and subsequent p53-dependent transcriptional activation. Nucleotide incorporation assays demonstrated that rAAV transduced cells accumulated in early S-phase followed by the induction of apoptosis. This lethal signaling sequalae required p53 in a manner independent of transcriptional induction of Puma, Bax and Bcl-2 and was not evident in cells differentiated towards a neural lineage. Consistent with a lethal DNA damage response induced upon rAAV transduction of hESCs, empty AAV protein capsids demonstrated no toxicity. In contrast, DNA microinjections demonstrated that the minimal AAV origin of replication and, in particular, a 40 nucleotide G-rich tetrad repeat sequence, was sufficient for hESC apoptosis. Our data support a model in which rAAV transduction of hESCs induces a p53-dependent lethal response that is elicited by a telomeric sequence within the AAV origin of replication.
The Effect of Gloss Type and Mode on Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension (2012)

This study investigated the effects of three kinds of gloss conditions that is traditional non-CALL marginal gloss, computer-based audio gloss, and computer-based extended audio gloss, on reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, three experimental and one control groups, each comprising 15 participants, took part in this study. In order to ensure that the participants were from the right proficiency level, KET (Key Language Test) was used to select upper-intermediate proficiency learners. Participants in each group read two passages under one of the three mentioned conditions, with no gloss offered for control group. They all completed one pretest, one reading session, and one post-test. The data were analyzed using t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Statistical analyses of the results revealed that extended audio gloss group, who were provided with the voice of a speaker to read the meaning of the target word, as well as one example sentence, significantly outperformed the other groups. The results of this study provide some insights for teachers and administrators to review their curricula, approaches, and educational tools, and to consider the possibility of incorporating CALL technology into their teaching.
Audio-Visual and Visual-Only Speech and Speaker Recognition (2009)

The information imbedded in the visual dynamics of speech has the potential to improve the performance of speech and speaker recognition systems. The information carried in the visual speech signal compliments the information in the acoustic speech signal, which is particularly beneficial in adverse acoustic environments. Non-invasive methods using low-cost sensors can be used to obtain acoustic and visual biometric signals, such as a person’s voice and lip movement, with little user cooperation. These types of unobtrusive biometric systems are warranted to promote widespread adoption of biometric technology in today’s society. In this chapter, the authors describe the main components and theory of audio-visual and visual-only speech and speaker recognition systems. Audio-visual corpora are described and a number of speech and speaker recognition systems are reviewed. Finally, various open issues about the system design and implementation, and present future research and development directions in this area are discussed.
Horizontal Wells with Multi-Stage Fracs Provide Better Economics for Many Lower Permeability Reservoirs (2010)

Abstract During the past 5+ years, North America operators have increasingly turned to horizontal completions in low permeability oil and gas reservoirs to maximize their Return on Investment (ROI). As hydrocarbon prices suffered a freefall in late 2008 to mid-2009, this further forced operators to continually evaluate both cost and effectiveness of various completion and stimulation options. In April 2008 the Baker Hughes U.S. rig count for vertical drilling was twice the horizontal rig count, but after the price collapse we soon had more horizontal rigs running than vertical ones, with the June 2010 ratio being ∼1.7:1 while only four years ago the U.S. had 2.5 vertical rigs for every horizontal rig. Globally, the trend toward horizontal drilling of low permeability oil and gas reservoirs is slowly increasing, with some of the lower permeability onshore and offshore fields also following this trend. As operators see many of their current horizontal completions in moderate to low permeability reservoirs reach their economic limit in only a few years, they often would like to use hydraulic fracturing. However, they are realizing the frac limitations imposed by openhole completion methods and even for highly perforated cemented laterals. Only a few viable options currently exist for effectively placing individual hydraulic fractures at (and ONLY at) preselected locations along the completed lateral section. Unfortunately, often the existing completions limit the fracturing rates that can be achieved. The primary focus of the North America model for horizontal well economic success is completions that enhance the ability toachieve both adequate injection rates and effective isolation of hydraulic fracturing stimulation stages. In some fields, a secondary goal is to drain significantly more reservoir per well by using radical lateral lengths and reduce the number of wells needed. Onshore this concept makes each well much more environmentally friendly, and offshore the economic value is even more obvious. This paper will provide a high-points review of the shale formation completion model. With this model it is critical to select the multi-stage fracturing implementation to be used before the lateral completion method can be chosen. Many current methods require that the installed lateral completion contain specific components that are a part of the stimulation isolation method itself. Also reviewed are a few areas that could further advance the present methodology and offer suggestions for where the industry can consider non-shale applications to further proliferate this methodology outside North America.