gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards the Oral Treatment of Ileo-Colonic Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Infliximab Tablets: Development and Validation of the Production Process (2019)

Infliximab (IFX) is an intravenously administered monoclonal antibody antagonizing the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) systemically and is efficacious in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects result from local immunomodulation in the inflamed regions. Furthermore, topical inhibition of TNF in IBD ameliorates inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that orally administered IFX targeted to the ileo-colonic region in IBD may be an efficacious new treatment option. This study describes the development and validation of the production process of ileo-colonic-targeted 5 mg IFX tablets (ColoPulse-IFX) intended for the oral treatment of IBD by means of producing three consecutive validation batches (VAL1, VAL2, and VAL3, respectively). UV-VIS spectroscopy, HPLC-SEC analysis (content, fragments, aggregates), fluorescence spectroscopy (tertiary protein structure), and ELISA (potency) showed no noticeable deviations of IFX compounded to ColoPulse-IFX compared to fresh IFX stock. The average ± SD (<i>n</i> = 10) IFX content of VAL1, VAL2, and VAL3 was 96 ± 2%, 97 ± 3%, and 96 ± 2%, respectively, and complied with the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) requirements for Content Uniformity. The average ± SD (<i>n</i> = 3) ColoPulse-IFX potency was 105 ± 4%, 96 ± 4%, and 97 ± 5%, respectively, compared to fresh IFX stock. The IFX release profile from the tablet core was complete (≥85%) after 10 min in simulated ileum medium. The in vitro coating performance of ColoPulse-IFX showed that the formulation was targeted to the simulated ileo-colonic region. Stability data showed that ColoPulse-IFX was stable for up to 6 months stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Based on these results, the production process can be considered validated and its application is discussed in light of the rationale and available evidence for the topical treatment of IBD with IFX.
Unique biphasic progestagen profile in parturient and non-parturient giant pandas ( <i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i> ) as determined by faecal hormone monitoring (2010)

The luteal phase of the giant panda has been exclusively assessed by studying urinary hormone patterns in a very few individuals. To better understand hormonal dynamics of protracted progestagen excretion in this endangered species, we monitored hormonal metabolites in the fibrous faeces of multiple females in the USA and China. Giant pandas that were anoestrual during the breeding season excreted baseline progestagen throughout the year. In contrast, there were two distinctive periods when progestagen excretion increased in females that experienced behavioural oestrus, the first being modest, lasting for 61-122 days, and likely reflecting presumptive ovulation. This increase was far surpassed by a secondary rise in progestagen excretion associated with a rejuvenated luteal capacity or hormone production from an extra-gonadal source. The duration of this 'secondary' rise in progestagen excretion averaged approximately 45 days and terminated in a decline to baseline coincident with parturition or the end of a non-parturient luteal interval. Data revealed that, even with a complex, biphasic progestagen profile, the longitudinal patterns produced by giant pandas were relatively consistent among animals and across years within individuals. However, progestagen excretion patterns throughout this period could not be used to discriminate among non-pregnant, pregnant or pseudopregnant states.
Alkylation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles via In Situ Sulfonyl Transfer (2015)

A convenient synthesis of <i>N</i>-substituted heterocycles from primary and secondary alcohols and <i>N</i>-sulfonyl heterocycles is described. The reaction proceeds through sulfonyl transfer and <i>in situ</i> formation of activated alcohol derivatives. The formation of alkyl sulfonates as transient intermediates mitigates challenges associated with isolation of these reactive species. <i>N</i>-Sulfonyl heteroarenes were found to be stable over prolonged time, and efficiently coupled to a variety of alcohols.
Stability and Temperature Dependence of Dynamic RON in AlN-Passivated AlGaN/GaN HEMT on Si Substrate (2014)

We carried out detailed characterization and evaluation of dynamic performance of high-voltage AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with AlN/SiNx passivation by means of pulsed I-V measurements. Transient OFF-to-ON switching tests verify the effectiveness of surface passivation by PE-ALD grown AlN epitaxial layer. The dynamic ON-resistance (RON) measured 350 ns after the switching event (500 ns) remains as low as only 1.08 times the static RON with an OFF-state drain bias of 60 V. Less than 10% degradation in dynamic RON is achieved under 40-V switching at various frequencies of 1-133 kHz within a wide temperature range of.50-200 °C. The stability of dynamic RON is also confirmed with a simple approach by monitoring the pulsed current at a drain bias of ∼1 V for 100 consecutive switching cycles.
A metal-free electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon hydrocarbons and oxygenates (2016)

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into higher-energy liquid fuels and chemicals is a promising but challenging renewable energy conversion technology. Among the electrocatalysts screened so far for carbon dioxide reduction, which includes metals, alloys, organometallics, layered materials and carbon nanostructures, only copper exhibits selectivity towards formation of hydrocarbons and multi-carbon oxygenates at fairly high efficiencies, whereas most others favour production of carbon monoxide or formate. Here we report that nanometre-size N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) catalyse the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into multi-carbon hydrocarbons and oxygenates at high Faradaic efficiencies, high current densities and low overpotentials. The NGQDs show a high total Faradaic efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction of up to 90%, with selectivity for ethylene and ethanol conversions reaching 45%. The C2 and C3 product distribution and production rate for NGQD-catalysed carbon dioxide reduction is comparable to those obtained with copper nanoparticle-based electrocatalysts.
Breast Augmentation (2004)

The optimal technique for breast augmentation has always been debated, and numerous variables fit the needs of the variously shaped patients in our population. The purpose of this article is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques available in breast augmentation so that, in conjunction with the patient's physical examination, a sound surgical plan can be developed for aesthetic augmentation of the breast.
Asymmetric interference alignment and cancelation for 3-user MIMO interference channels (2012)

Degree of freedom of MIMO interference channels with constant channel coefficients is studied in this paper. An asymmetric interference alignment and cancelation scheme is proposed for the 3-user MIMO interference channels with constant channel coefficients. With M antennas at each transmitter and N antennas at each receiver, the total degree of freedom (M+2N)/2 can be achieved by the proposed scheme for N <; M ≤ 2N.
Common risk factors for both arterial and venous thrombosis (2008)

Arterial and venous thromboses have traditionally been viewed as distinct conditions, with differences in risk factors, pathology and treatment. However, recent epidemiological studies have suggested associations between venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism (myocardial infarction and stroke) and atherosclerosis. While several biological mechanisms might contribute to these associations, common risk factors for both arterial and venous thrombosis probably play the major role. This article summarizes the evidence for shared risk factors (clinical, biochemical and haematological) that supports this conclusion. At a practical level, it is suggested that following routine treatment of venous thromboembolism with a course of anticoagulant drugs, patients should be routinely assessed not only for risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism but also for risk of arterial thromboembolism. Appropriate lifestyle advice and medication (including aspirin) should then be considered.
Analysis, Blind Identification, and Correction of Frequency Response Mismatch in Two-Channel Time-Interleaved ADCs (2015)

In this paper, novel blind identification and compensation architectures for the frequency response mismatch of a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital-converter (TI-ADC) are proposed. First, detailed modeling of the frequency response mismatch is carried out, establishing a direct connection and similarity to the well-known in-phase/quadrature mismatch problem. Stemming from this modeling, the proposed blind mismatch identification and compensation architectures are then developed building on complex statistical signal processing. Compared to the existing methods in the literature, the proposed solutions can identify and correct the frequency response mismatch in a fully blind manner for the full digital bandwidth (BW) of the ADC system, and are also applicable in sub-sampling TI-ADC devices and RF sampling. The efficiency of the proposed solutions is verified and demonstrated using comprehensive measurements of actual RF-sampling TI-ADC hardware with gigahertz-scale instantaneous BW.
3-Pentadienone<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Pentadienone1Samuel F. ReedCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 4116–4117Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a545RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (251 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
<i>In Silico</i> Study of Full-Length Amyloid β 1−42 Tri- and Penta-Oligomers in Solution (2009)

Amyloid oligomers are considered to play causal roles in the pathogenesis of amyloid-related degenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Using MD simulation techniques, we explored the contributions of the different structural elements of trimeric and pentameric full-length Abeta1-42 aggregates in solution to their stability and conformational dynamics. We found that our models are stable at a temperature of 310 K, and converge toward an interdigitated side-chain packing for intermolecular contacts within the two beta-sheet regions of the aggregates: beta1 (residues 18-26) and beta2 (residues 31-42). MD simulations reveal that the beta-strand twist is a characteristic element of Abeta-aggregates, permitting a compact, interdigitated packing of side chains from neighboring beta-sheets. The beta2 portion formed a tightly organized beta-helix, whereas the beta1 portion did not show such a firm structural organization, although it maintained its beta-sheet conformation. Our simulations indicate that the hydrophobic core comprising the beta2 portion of the aggregate is a crucial stabilizing element in the Abeta aggregation process. On the basis of these structure-stability findings, the beta2 portion emerges as an optimal target for further antiamyloid drug design.
Energy function for power systems with transmission losses (1997)

Stability analysis of nonlinear systems draws heavily on energy functions. For power systems, energy functions have been developed for single machine systems and for the special case of constant power loads and lossless transmission lines, extended to multimachine systems. In this paper a circuit energy approach is reconciled with the traditional machine equations using the steady state solution for the transmission network. Physically based development of the energy function starts from the model analysed in a stationary reference frame. The monotonic convergence of the energy is demonstrated on a 3 machine system with transmission losses.
Coriolis: Scalable {VM} Clustering in Clouds (2013)

The growing popularity of virtualized data centers and clouds has led to virtual machine sprawl, significantly increasing system management costs. We present Coriolis, a scalable system that analyzes virtual machine images and automatically clusters them based on content and/or semantic similarity. Image similarity analysis can improve in planning many management activities (e.g., migration, system administration, VM placement) and reduce their execution cost. However, clustering images based on similarity – content or semantic – requires large scale data processing and does not scale well. Coriolis uses (i) asymmetric similarity semantics and (ii) a hierarchical clustering approachwith a data access requirement that is linear in the number of images. This represents a significant improvement over conventional clustering approaches that incur quadratic complexity and therefore becoming prohibitively expensive in a cloud setting.
A Technique for the Prevention of Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Generator Migration (1990)

In order to prevent AICD generator migration in nine patients and correct chronic painful generator migration in three patients, we placed the AICD generator in an absorbable microfibrillar collagen pouch at the time of implant to facilitate fibrous capsule formation. Over a mean follow-up period of 14 +/- 2 months for the new implants, there have been no episodes of generator erosion, migration or infection. The three patients who suffered from generator migration have been symptom free for 12 +/- 2 months. We conclude that use of a microfibrillar collagen pouch at the time of AICD implant is a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for preventing generator migration.
On-line coal flow measurement for improved boiler performance (1999)

More stringent emission limits or the addition of post combustion NOx control create the need for improvements of NOx emissions from pulverized coal boilers. Even boilers retrofitted with Low NOx technology during Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the CAAA are required to reduce emissions for compliance or total cost considerations. Technical solutions range from addition of overfire air and state-of-the-art low NOx burners to low cost additions of combustion enhancements. Regardless of the combustion NOx control method used, stoichiometries local to the burners must be maintained at the designed values at all times to provide high NOx performance at low efficiency loss due to unburned fuel. A proper air and coal balance at the burners is the key issue for these advanced systems. This paper describes Foster Wheeler's approach to NOx emission improvements for existing low NOx firing systems. The ECT technology to measure coal flow individually for each burner and to control the parameters for optimum combustion are presented and discussed. Field experience shows the installation and advantages of the technology.
Spatial filtering in flash A/D converters (2003)

Averaging networks suppress the random mismatch between the comparators in flash A/D converters (ADCs), but an analytical understanding does not exist, nor a method for optimal design. This paper unifies various forms of offset averaging and derives the optimum by treating the averaging network as a spatial filter. At the optimum, the offsets in terms of LSB are minimized with almost no loss in comparator unity-gain bandwidth. This work leads to an easy-to-follow procedure to design efficient and fast CMOS flash-type ADCs.
Role of tissue factor and protease-activated receptors in a mouse model of endotoxemia (2003)

Sepsis is associated with a systemic activation of coagulation and an excessive inflammatory response. Anticoagulants have been shown to inhibit both coagulation and inflammation in sepsis. In this study, we used both genetic and pharmacologic approaches to analyze the role of tissue factor and protease-activated receptors in coagulation and inflammation in a mouse endotoxemia model. We used mice expressing low levels of the procoagulant molecule, tissue factor (TF), to analyze the effects of TF deficiency either in all tissues or selectively in hematopoietic cells. Low TF mice had reduced coagulation, inflammation, and mortality compared with control mice. Similarly, a deficiency of TF expression by hematopoietic cells reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced coagulation, inflammation, and mortality. Inhibition of the down-stream coagulation protease, thrombin, reduced fibrin deposition and prolonged survival without affecting inflammation. Deficiency of either protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) or protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) alone did not affect inflammation or survival. However, a combination of thrombin inhibition and PAR-2 deficiency reduced inflammation and mortality. These data demonstrate that hematopoietic cells are the major pathologic site of TF expression during endotoxemia and suggest that multiple protease-activated receptors mediate crosstalk between coagulation and inflammation.
The Effect of Ionic Liquids on Protein Crystallization and X-ray Diffraction Resolution (2009)

Ionic liquids exhibit a variety of properties that make them attractive solvents for biomaterials. Given the potential for productive interaction between ionic liquids and biological macromolecules, we investigated the use of ionic liquids as precipitating agents and additives for protein crystallization for six model proteins (lysozyme, catalase, myoglobin, trypsin, glucose isomerase, and xylanase). The ionic liquids produced changes in crystal morphology and mediated significant increases in crystal size in some cases. Crystals grown using ionic liquids as precipitating agents or as additives provided X-ray diffraction resolution similar to or better than that obtained without ionic liquids. Based upon the experiments performed with model proteins, the ionic liquids were used as additives for the crystallization of the poorly diffracting monoclonal antibody 106.3 Fab in complex with the B-type natriuretic peptide (5-13). The ionic liquids improved the crystallization behavior and provided improved diffraction resulting in the determination of the structure. Ionic liquids should be considered as useful additives for the crystallization of other proteins.
Hypertension prevalence and the status of awareness, treatment, and control in the United States. Final report of the Subcommittee on Definition and Prevalence of the 1984 Joint National Committee. (1985)

Estimates of the prevalence of hypertension in the United States have varied owing to differences in interpretation and extrapolation of the data. In 1978 the National High Blood Pressure Education Program issued a consensus document estimating the prevalence of high blood pressure in the United States. Results from the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) allow for a revised estimate. The purpose of this report was to arrive at consensus on a prevalence figure and also to provide information on the distribution of hypertension by blood pressure level, age, race, and sex. The prevalence estimates used are based on hypertension defined as blood pressure measurements greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg (average of 3 readings taken on 1 occasion) or self-reported taking of antihypertensive medication. Based on NHANES II data, blacks have a higher prevalence than whites (38% vs 29%) and men show a higher prevalence than women (33% vs 27%). These data again confirm the tendency for the prevalence of hypertension to increase with age in the U.S. population--this holds true for blacks, whites, men, and women. Progress in high blood pressure control efforts has traditionally been measured by changes in the status of awareness, treatment, and control. Changing the hypertension threshold from 160/95 to 140/90 mm Hg, as recently recommended, substantially lowers these measures: the percentage of hypertensives aware of their condition falls from 74% to 54%, the percentage taking antihypertensive medication falls from 56% to 33%, and the percentage with controlled hypertension decreases from 34% to 11%. These apparent decreases reflect a change in the frame of reference rather than changes in hypertension treatment status. In addition, hypertension prevalence rates from NHANES II (1976-1980) were applied to 1983 Bureau of the Census population figures to estimate the total number of Americans with hypertension and their distribution by age, sex, race, and severity of blood pressure level. Since NHANES II did not include persons 75 years of age or older in its sample, data from a pilot study on systolic hypertension in the elderly were used for prevalence estimates in this age group. Estimates for children under 6 years of age and hypertensive persons controlling their pressures without medication could not be included in this analysis because of a lack of reliable data on these groups.
Self-similar traffic generation: the random midpoint displacement algorithm and its properties (2002)

Recent measurement studies have shown that the burstiness of packet traffic is associated with long-range correlations that can be efficiently described in terms of fractal or self-similar models e.g., fractional Brownian motion (FBM). While FBM models are an attractive alternative to traditional models in terms of parsimony, comprehensive queueing solutions of these models are lacking at present. For this reason, simulation studies that make use of synthetically generated traces from FBM-based traffic processes become crucially important for gaining a better understanding of queueing and network-related performance issues. To this end, it is essential to be able to accurately and quickly generate long traces from FBM processes, In this paper, we consider an approximate FBM generation method known as the random midpoint displacement (RMD) algorithm and perform extensive statistical analyses on a variety of traces generated via RMD. Our analysis indicates that (i) RMD is attractive for qualitative studies (ii) for quantitative studies the parameters of the generated traces may differ from their target values. Such discrepancies can partly be explained by the natural variability of the FBM process, and parameter estimation errors. The approximation to FBM can be improved by using aggregated versions of the traces generated by RMD. We also discuss the application of RMD to traffic interpolation, i.e., inferring traffic measurements on fine time scales from actual measurements made over coarse time scales.