gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Migration of human malignant astrocytoma cells in the mammalian brain: Scherer revisited (1993)

Fresh suspensions of human glioblastoma multiforme were preincubated in the plant lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) and implanted into cortical pockets in adult rat brain. Brains were investigated periodically over 30 postoperative days and the migration of the human glioblastoma cells was traced with anti-PHAL immunofluorescence or the overexpression of human specific p185c-neu a specific marker of a class of human malignant astrocytoma cells. The principal pathway of migration of the implanted human cells in the rat brain was ventrally through cortical gray matter and into the corpus callosum, with rapid lateral distribution in this and other parallel and intersecting white matter fascicles. Human glioblastoma cells also migrated on basement membrane lined blood vessels, pia-glia membrane and spaces of Virchow-Robin, as well as the subependymal space of the ventricles. These paths of migration of human glioblastoma cells in the rat brain are consistent with the pathways of spread of glioblastoma in the human brain as described by Scherer over 50 years ago, indicating that multifocal malignant astrocytomas have common migratory pathways in mature mammalian brain.
High-performance reverse osmosis nanocomposite membranes containing the mixture of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxides (2014)

Nanocomposite membrane containing CNTs and GO exhibits considerably improved performances by the synergistic combinations of CNTs and GO, which can increase the dispersity in a polymeric matrix.
A 60-GHz Active Receiving Switched-Beam Antenna Array With Integrated Butler Matrix and GaAs Amplifiers (2012)

This paper presents for the first time a 60-GHz receiving switched-beam antenna on organic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) platform. A 4 × 1 quasi-Yagi array is incorporated with a 4 × 4 Butler matrix beamforming network and GaAs low-noise amplifiers on an LCP substrate. The active beam is controlled by GaAs single-pole-double-throw switches to access the four output states of the Butler matrix. The entire 4 × 1 active array is 1.4 cm × 1.75 cm and consumes 1.1 W of dc power. Successful comparisons of the measured and simulated results verify a working phased array with a return loss better than 10 dB across the frequency band of 56.7-63.7 GHz. A comparison of radiation patterns demonstrate beam steering of ±40° with a peak active gain of 27.5 dB. The combined antenna and receiver noise performance at 60 GHz exhibits an estimated merit <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> of -18.6 dB/K and noise figure of 5.4 dB.
Extraparticle diffusional effects in gel permeation chromatography. II. Experimental results (1970)

Abstract Experiments coupled with a systems analysis were conducted on chromatogram dispersion, or zone broadening, in gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Three components of a Waters Associates Model 200 chromatograph, each of which is a potential cause of dispersion, were considered; these are: the packed column, with extraparticle dispersion only; the empty tubing, between pump and columns, columns and detector, etc.; and the detection system, viz., the differential refractometer cell. Toluene solvent was used and the solutes whose dispersion was studied included orthodichlorobenzene (ODCB) and narrow‐molecular‐weight polystyrene standards having molecular weights of 900, 20,400, 51,000, 97,200, and 160,000. Nonporous glass beads, 50 μ in diameter, were used as column packing. Two diameters, 1 mm and 0.5 mm, of stainless steel tubing were studied. In addition to the usual rectangular pulse sample injection, a step input mode for solute introduction was also used. The empty tubing was found to contribute significantly to the degree of dispersion and to skewness of elution curves. Anomalous bimodal characteristics of the elution curves were also observed which could only be ascribed to the empty tubing. These phenomena depended markedly on parameters such as tube diameter and length, and solute concentration and molecular weight. Dispersion in the packed column, although important, was found to be symmetrical (Gaussian) and less sensitive to these parameters than in the empty tubing, especially with respect to molecular weight. Dispersion in the cell was believed to be insignificant relative to the packed column and empty tubing.
Optical pulse generation with a semiconductor laser in a coupled-cavity configuration (1992)

Using an external cavity semiconductor laser coupled to an additional empty cavity, optical pulses on the order of 100 ps duration at repetition rates of 1-2 GHz have been generated. The pulses are obtained by careful adjustment of the length of the auxiliary cavity to match that of the main cavity and do not require any modulating signal to be applied to the laser diode.
Three metamaterial-based gap waveguides between parallel metal plates for mm/submm waves (2009)

This paper presents the basic ideas of how local waveguides and transmission lines can be designed to propagate along desired paths in the air gap between two metal surfaces. The principle of operation is related to the performance of artificial magnetic conductors, EBG surfaces and soft and hard surfaces. Three different major types of gap waveguides are described: ridge gap waveguides, microstrip gap lines and groove gap waveguides. Different realizations of the cut-off structures suppressing normal parallel plate modes are described, as well as expected applications, and possible problem areas preferably seen as research challenges.
Characterization of Si nanowires fabricated by Ga<sup>+</sup>FIB implantation and subsequent selective wet etching (2011)

Local gallium (Ga) ion implantation in silicon (Si) by focused ion beam and subsequent anisotropic and selective wet etching have been used to fabricate freely suspended nanowires (NWs) with reproducible widths between 20 and 200 nm. The dependence of the resulting NW width on the implanted fluence has been investigated and is supported by a numerical model reproducing the experimental data and enabling an a priori estimation of the NW width as a function of the implanted fluence. Furthermore, the resistance of the NWs, its temperature dependence and the activation energy for electrical current flow were investigated before and after direct current annealing in air and in vacuum. Annealed NWs showed a decrease of their resistivity up to two orders of magnitude, indicating a partial recrystallization of the NWs through self-heating and a change in the conduction. The assumption of recrystallization is supported by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Endothelial cells stimulate growth of normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells in 3D culture (2010)

Breast endothelial cells - beside their role in transporting nutrients and oxygen to tissues - are vital component of the epithelial microenvironment in the breast and provide proliferative signals to the normal and malignant breast epithelium. These growth promoting effects of endothelial cells should be taken into consideration in breast cancer biology.
Invite Article: The Liquid-Crystalline Phases of Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids in Vitro and in Vivo (1988)

Abstract This article describes the state of and progress in experimental studies of liquid crystals of naturally occurring nucleic acids and synthetic polynucleotides. The areas considered in this review include: (i) the liquid-crystalline phase of nucleic acids in aqueous salt solutions, (ii) the liquid-crystalline phase of nucleic acids in aqueous polymer solutions, (iii) the liquid-crystalline phase of nucleic acids in living systems. Some unsolved problems which are of interest from both a physicochemical and a biological point of view are discussed.
A novel alkali metals/strontium co‐substituted calcium polyphosphate scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (2011)

Our purpose of this study is to develop potassium or sodium/strontium co-substituted calcium polyphosphate (K/Sr-CPP or Na/Sr-CPP) bioceramics in application of bone repairing scaffold. The incorporation of K, Na, and Sr into CPP substrate via a calcining-sintering process was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. In vitro degradation study of co-substituted CPP indicated the incorporation of alkali metal elements promoted the degradability of CPP, and the scanning electron microscope showed the apatite-like minerals were precipitated on the surface of co-substituted CPP. The compress resistant strength of co-substituted CPP was elevated by dopants. The MTT assay and confocal laser-scanning microscope on osteoblasts culturing with co-substituted CPP showed no cytotoxicity. The cell proliferation on co-substituted CPP was even better than others. Thus, this co-substituted CPP bioceramics might have potential of applications in orthopedic field.
Display Maintenance A Pattern Language (1998)

Correct and timely rendering of graphics to a physical display is complex. Obvious solutions tend to be monolithic. Display Maintenance describes nine common design patterns for designing display architecture. Display List, Request Update or Global Update, and Painter's Algorithm, the kernel of the language, decompose the problem providing a modular architecture with correct behavior. The other patterns address the issue of speed.
Cropland Consolidation and the Future of Family Farms (2013)

Highlights: The average size of a U.S. crop farm has changed little during the past three decades. However, this seeming stability masks important structural changes in the farm sector: growing numbers of very small and very large farms and declining numbers of mid-sized farms. In the process, cropland acreage is moving toward much larger farms. The acreage shift is substantial and widespread and follows from developments in technology and in farm organization.
Lengthening of the Lateral Column and Reconstruction of the Medial Soft Tissue for Treatment of Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Associated with Insufficiency of the Posterior Tibial Tendon (1999)

We analyzed our results of surgery for acquired flatfoot deformity after dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. This included lengthening the proximal lateral column by calcaneal osteotomy and reconstructing the medial soft tissue. Nineteen patients (9 women and 10 men; average age, 52.9 years [range, 24-72 years]) were treated for stage II and stage II-III insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon. The medial soft tissue surgery included 18 reconstructions of the tendon, 11 transfers of the flexor digitorum longus tendon, 13 repairs of the deltoid ligament, and 3 repairs of the spring ligament. At follow-up (mean, 23.4 months), all patients had satisfactory restoration of their medial longitudinal arch, reduction of abduction in the forefoot, and restored height in the arch. All patients were able to bear weight fully on the foot that underwent surgery, and all but one were satisfied with the result achieved. The clinical result was rated as excellent in 6, good in 11, and fair in 2 cases. In all but one case, no loss of achieved correction in the foot was found. In one case, the calcaneocuboid joint had to undergo arthrodesis after 5 months because of painful degenerative joint disease. In the pes planovalgus and abductus deformities occurring in stage II disease, calcaneal osteotomy and reconstruction of the medial tendon and ligament seem to play a significant role in operative management. This was the case only when degenerative joint disease and significant subluxation of the subtalar or talonavicular joint or both had not already occurred. They seem to function by restoring more normal biomechanics, which allows reconstructed or transferred tendon to function successfully.
Mass spectrometry-based N-glycoproteomics for cancer biomarker discovery (2014)

Glycosylation is estimated to be found in over 50% of human proteins. Aberrant protein glycosylation and alteration of glycans are closely related to many diseases. More than half of the cancer biomarkers are glycosylated-proteins, and specific glycoforms of glycosylated-proteins may serve as biomarkers for either the early detection of disease or the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of diseases. Glycoproteomics, therefore, becomes an emerging field that can make unique contributions to the discovery of biomarkers of cancers. The recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics, which can analyze thousands of glycosylated-proteins in a single experiment, have shown great promise for this purpose. Herein, we described the MS-based strategies that are available for glycoproteomics, and discussed the sensitivity and high throughput in both qualitative and quantitative manners. The discovery of glycosylated-proteins as biomarkers in some representative diseases by employing glycoproteomics was also summarized.
Preparation and Properties of Dialditylamines<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Dialditylamines1J. E. Hodge and B. F. MoyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2784–2789Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01045a071https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The mechanism of inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis by 8-hydroxyquinoline and the antibiotic lomofungin. (1975)

RNA synthesis in yeast is rapidly inhibited by 8-hydroxyquinoline and the phenazine antibiotic lomofungin (5-formyl-1-methoxycarbonyl-4,6,8-trihydroxyphenazine). It is shown that lomofungin, like 8-hydroxyquinoline, is a chelating agent for bivalent cations. The mechanism of inhibition of RNA synthesis by lomofungin and 8-hydroxyquinoline was investigated in experiments with isolated Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The results show that both inhibitors are capable of inhibiting polymerase activity solely by chelating the dissociable cations Mn2+ and Mg2+. Evidence is presented which shows that inhibition may occur in the absence of any direct contact between the RNA polymerase or DNA template and the inhibitor. The possibility that inhibition might also occur by chelation of the Zn2+, which is tightly bound to the polymerase, is discussed: it is concluded that lomofungin or 8-hydroxyquinoline is likely to inhibit the enzyme by removal of Mn2+ and Mg2+ before chelating the Zn2+. On the basis of inhibition by chelation of Mn2+ and Mg2+, explanations are proposed for why lomofungin and 8-hydroxyquinoline inhibit synthesis of ribosomal and polydisperse RNA more than that of 5S RNA and tRNA, and for why protein synthesis is not immediately inhibited in the intact yeast cell.
Paraeducator Experiences in Inclusive Settings: Helping, Hovering, or Holding Their Own? (1999)

The perspectives and experiences of 20 paraeducators working with inclusion students with disabilities who also present significant behavioral challenges were investigated in this research. The inclusion students were in Grades K through 8 and represented a range of disability categories (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, serious emotional disturbance [SED], learning disability, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [AD/HD]). Findings from this study indicate that paraeducators tend to assume high levels of responsibility for managing the academic and behavioral needs for special education students in inclusive settings. This tendency appears to be due to the nature of the job, which can create conflicting roles in meeting both the needs of inclusion students as well as those of general education teachers.
Holographically fabricated photonic crystals with large reflectance (2007)

We report reflection and transmission spectra from three-dimensional polymer photonic crystals fabricated by holographic lithography. The measured peak reflectance matches that predicted by both a finite-difference time-domain method a simple transfer matrix theory and is ∼70%, significantly higher than previous reports of ∼30% reflectance.
Kinetics of the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tungsten (1973)

The kinetics of the chemical vapor deposition of tungsten by the hydrogen reduction of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>WF</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> were studied over the system pressure range from 6 to 60 Torr and over the temperature range from 500° to 870°C to determine the operative rate controlling mechanisms. Within the pressure and temperature ranges studied HF desorption from the substrate was determined to be rate limiting for lower pressure‐temperature combinations. An activation energy of 7300 cal/mole was associated with this mechanism. At higher pressure‐ temperature combinations <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML2" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>WF</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> diffusion to the substrate was rate controlling. The activation energy for this process was found to be 1650 cal/mole.
Androgen Receptor Supports an Anchorage-Independent, Cancer Stem Cell-like Population in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2017)

Preclinical and early clinical trials indicate that up to 50% of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) express androgen receptor (AR) and are potentially responsive to antiandrogens. However, the function of AR in TNBC and the mechanisms by which AR-targeted therapy reduces tumor burden are largely unknown. We hypothesized that AR maintains a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like tumor-initiating population and serves as an antiapoptotic factor, facilitating anchorage independence and metastasis. AR levels increased in TNBC cells grown in forced suspension culture compared with those in attached conditions, and cells that expressed AR resisted detachment-induced apoptosis. Culturing TNBC cells in suspension increased the CSC-like population, an effect reversed by AR inhibition. Pretreatment with enzalutamide (Enza) decreased the tumor-initiating capacity of TNBC cells and reduced tumor volume and viability when administered simultaneously or subsequent to the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel; simultaneous treatment more effectively suppressed tumor recurrence. Overall, our findings suggest that AR-targeted therapies may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy even in TNBCs with low AR expression by targeting a CSC-like cell population with anchorage independence and invasive potential. <i>Cancer Res; 77(13); 3455-66. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Z-axis conductive adhesive for TAB and fine pitch interconnects (2002)

Solder are used extensively in both die-attach and component attach in the first and second levels of electronic packaging. With the commercialization of VLSI and ULSI devices, both levels of fabrication have encountered difficulties in both manufacturability and reliability. These problems are analyzed and a novel solution of Z-axis, 'stress-free', and thermally conductive adhesives are introduced. The adhesive system has been engineered to simulate all the desirable characteristics of soldering such as fast 'curing' speed (milliseconds), ambient storage, low thermal and low electrical contact resistances, and reworkability. The drawbacks of solders, such as fatigue failures, stress-induced failures, and bridging, are avoided. All of these basic properties and some of the applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Immunoassay Separation Technique Using Reversibly Soluble Polymers (1982)

Abstract A new immunoassay separation technique was developed based on the use of antibody-polymer conjugates with reversible solubility characteristics. Antibody was coupled to sodium alginate with water-soluble carbodiimide. These conjugates could be used in place of unmodified antibody in various assay formats and removed from solution when desired by converting the polymer to an insoluble form through pH adjustment or addition of metal ions. An enzyme immunoassay for theophylline was used to demonstrate the usefulness of the new approach for both manual and partially automated procedures.
Treatment of Psoriasis With Dialysis (1978)

To the Editor.— With Dr Karl Nolph, our director of nephrology, I have been observing two patients with very extensive, disabling psoriasis that had persisted without improvement for many years despite treatment with repeated trials of Goeckerman therapy and folic acid antagonists. These patients, who have no renal disease, were the first to undertake dialysis for psoriasis, and both have enjoyed prompt and total healing of the skin, which has been sustained without further treatment since April 1977. These initial cases were managed by Dr Nolph's renal fellow, Dr Z. J. Twardowski, who, I believe, is the first physician to perform dialysis specifically for psoriasis. At the University of Missouri Medical Center, Columbia, we are evaluating cases of psoriasis for dialysis and will continue preliminary evaluations of efficacy, particularly in regard to the possible benefit for early and severe, psoriatic arthritis. The exact treatment of the first three patients who