gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Deficient Mice Demonstrate Impaired Adaptation to Ketosis (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key metabolic regulator. Expressed primarily in liver and adipose tissue, FGF21 is induced via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways during states requiring increased fatty acid oxidation including fasting and consumption of a ketogenic diet. To test the hypothesis that FGF21 is a physiological regulator that plays a role in lipid oxidation, we generated mice with targeted disruption of the Fgf21 locus (FGF21 knockout). Mice lacking FGF21 had mild weight gain and slightly impaired glucose homeostasis, indicating a role in long-term energy homeostasis. Furthermore, FGF21KO mice tolerated a 24-h fast, indicating that FGF21 is not essential in the early stages of starvation. In contrast to wild-type animals in which feeding KD leads to dramatic weight loss, FGF21KO mice fed KD gained weight, developed hepatosteatosis, and showed marked impairments in ketogenesis and glucose control. This confirms the physiological importance of FGF21 in the adaptation to KD feeding. At a molecular level, these effects were accompanied by lower levels of expression of PGC1alpha and PGC1beta in FGF21KO mice, strongly implicating these key transcriptional regulators in the action of FGF21. Furthermore, within the liver, the maturation of the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c was increased in FGF21KO mice, implicating posttranscriptional events in the maladaptation of FGF21KO mice to KD. These data reinforce the role of FGF21 is a critical regulator of long-term energy balance and metabolism. Mice lacking FGF21 cannot respond appropriately to a ketogenic diet, resulting in an impaired ability to mobilize and utilize lipids.
IL-1β alters the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene r-EphA3 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (1998)

To identify proinflammatory cytokine responsive genes in the myocardium, we used differential display to study RNA isolated from neonatal rat cardiac myocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Sequence analysis of differential display products confirmed by reverse Northern blots revealed one clone as the partial sequence of an Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase (r-EphA3). In cardiac myocytes, 36-h exposure to TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta reduced r-EphA3 transcripts to 59.9% (P < 0.01) of control levels; this effect was largely dependent on IL-1 beta. Western blot analysis showed that changes in r-EphA3 protein levels reflect that seen for transcripts. Cardiac nonmyocytes expressed substantially lower levels of r-EphA3. Full-length r-EphA3 cDNA clone (3,077 base pair) yielded an amino acid sequence with 90-98% homology to the Eph receptor human EphA3, chick EphA3, and mouse EphA3. In the adult rat, r-EphA3 transcripts were most abundant in the heart, brain, and lung. These results suggest that IL-1 beta may exert its effect on cardiac myocytes at least in part by altering r-EphA3 expression.
Carbon Tetrachloride Degradation by Alkaline Ascorbic Acid Solution (2013)

Ascorbic acid (AA) mediated electron transfer may induce reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). This study investigated the role of AA in conjunction with the presence of iron minerals over a wide pH range for the reduction of CCl(4) in aqueous systems. The results indicate that CCl(4) was reduced by AA at a pH of 13 (>pKa(2, AA) of 11.79) and chloroform (CHCl3) was a transformation byproduct of CCl(4). When CCl(4) levels were reduced to near complete disappearance, the decrease of CHCl(3) was then observed. The degradation rate of CCl(4) and also the formation rate of CHCl(3) increased with increased AA concentrations. Analysis of reaction kinetics between CCl(4) and AA revealed an overall second-order reaction with a rate constant of 0.253 ± 0.018 M(-1) s(-1). Furthermore, the reduction rate of CCl(4) by AA at pH of 13 could be enhanced with the presence of iron minerals (Fe(3)O(4), Fe(2)O(3), FeOOH, and FeS2). In the absence or presence of iron minerals, the fraction of CCl(4) transformed to CHCl(3) was less than 1, indicating simultaneous one- and two-electron transfer processes. The end-products of AA at a pH of 13 included threonic acid and oxalic acid. This study highlights the potential of an alkaline AA solution for remediating chlorinated solvents.
Wire Frame Fitting For Automatic Tracking In Model-Based Video Coding (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
β-Phenyl-β-Alanine Prevents the Activation of Vagal Efferent Discharges Evoked by Baclofen and GAB A in Rats (1992)

The effects of DL-β-phenyl-β-alanine (BPBA) on vagal efferent discharges elicited by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and baclofen were investigated in rats. When given alone, BPBA (40 mg/kg, i.v.) caused no significant change in vagal nerve response and did not elicit any convulsions. Pretreatment with BPBA (40 mg/kg, i.v.) resulted in 70% and 80% reductions in the vagal efferent discharges induced by GABA (400 mg/kg, i.v.) and baclofen (4 mg/kg, s.c.), respectively. The present results suggest that BPBA may be a novel GABA antagonist with respect to vagal activation mechanisms in the CNS.
New Formulations of Local Anaesthetics—Part I (2011)

Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the newer LAs such as levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and articaine, and examines the newer structurally different LAs. The addition of adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, clonidine, and corticosteroids is explored. Comment is made on the delivery of topical LAs via bioadhesive plasters and gels and controlled-release local anaesthetic matrices. Encapulation matrices such as liposomes, microemulsions, microspheres and nanospheres, hydrogels and liquid polymers are discussed as well. New innovations pertaining to LA formulations have indeed led to prolonged action and to novel delivery approaches.
Bandgap engineered reverse type-I CdTe/InP/ZnS core–shell nanocrystals for the near-infrared (2009)

New quantum dots were fabricated with a core/shell/shell structure consisting of CdTe core/InP shell/ZnS shell of which the InP shell causes a red-shift to the NIR region and the ZnS shell imparts photo-stability; toxicity tests on mammalian cells and NIR imaging of a mouse highlight their potential applications in biomedical imaging.
The direct transmission philosophy (1994)

This paper considers how the precision of robots may be improved by mechanical design enhancement. Currently, serial link robot designs exist within a dichotomy of direct and indirect approaches. An analysis of the merits and weaknesses of the two strategies is performed and this results in a new approach being suggested. >
Novel Symbiotic Protoplasts Formed by Endophytic Fungi Explain Their Hidden Existence, Lifestyle Switching, and Diversity within the Plant Kingdom (2014)

Diverse fungi live all or part of their life cycle inside plants as asymptomatic endophytes. While endophytic fungi are increasingly recognized as significant components of plant fitness, it is unclear how they interact with plant cells; why they occur throughout the fungal kingdom; and why they are associated with most fungal lifestyles. Here we evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi that are able to form novel protoplasts called mycosomes. We found that mycosomes cultured from plants and phylogenetically diverse endophytic fungi have common morphological characteristics, express similar developmental patterns, and can revert back to the free-living walled state. Observed with electron microscopy, mycosome ontogeny within Aureobasidium pullulans may involve two organelles: double membrane-bounded promycosome organelles (PMOs) that form mycosomes, and multivesicular bodies that may form plastid-infecting vesicles. Cultured mycosomes also contain a double membrane-bounded organelle, which may be homologous to the A. pullulans PMO. The mycosome PMO is often expressed as a vacuole-like organelle, which alternatively may contain a lipoid body or a starch grain. Mycosome reversion to walled cells occurs within the PMO, and by budding from lipid or starch-containing mycosomes. Mycosomes discovered in chicken egg yolk provided a plant-independent source for analysis: they formed typical protoplast stages, contained fungal ITS sequences and reverted to walled cells, suggesting mycosome symbiosis with animals as well as plants. Our results suggest that diverse endophytic fungi express a novel protoplast phase that can explain their hidden existence, lifestyle switching, and diversity within the plant kingdom. Importantly, our findings outline "what, where, when and how", opening the way for cell and organelle-specific tests using in situ DNA hybridization and fluorescent labels. We discuss developmental, ecological and evolutionary contexts that provide a robust framework for continued tests of the mycosome phase hypothesis.
The growth of barley grass ( <i>Hordeum leporinum</i> ) in annual pasture. 2. Growth comparisons with Wimmera ryegrass ( <i>Lolium rigidum</i> ) (1968)

Experiments to compare the growth of barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) and Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) were carried out in small plots and boxes at Dookie College in northern Victoria, and near Melbourne. These covered a range of density, defoliation, and temperature and soil fertility conditions. At equal densities barley grass generally out-yielded rye grass over the first 50 days of growth. Frost was the only factor reducing this superiority, but high levels of nitrogen in the foliage greatly reduced frost damage. Barley grass also recovered more rapidly from defoliation. The results suggest that in frosty areas soil nitrogen levels will greatly influence the herbage production and dominance of barley grass ; in areas with milder winters, growth will be more consistent and the grass will be a more reliable forage plant.
High speed performance of 0.35 μm CMOS gates fabricated on low dose SIMOX substrates with/without N-well underneath the buried oxide layer (2002)

High speed performances of CMOS/SIMOX circuits have been demonstrated using the low dose SIMOX substrate in spite of the thin (80nm) buried oxide layer. The following two factors have been pointed out to understand the results: (i) the depletion layer which spreads underneath the buried oxide (BOX) layer, and (ii) the Vth-lowering in the PMOS transistor due to the negative back bias (VGB=-VDD) effect. However, the correlations between the high speed performance and these two factors have not been shown in detail. In this paper, we clarify the nature of the high speed performance of the fully depleted mode ultrathin CMOS/SIMOX gates fabricated on the low dose SIMOX substrate on the basis of our experimental results.
Effects of Limited Proteolysis on Gelation and Gel Properties of Whey Protein Isolate (1995)

Whey protein isolate was hydrolyzed by three proteolytic enzymes, porcine trypsin, a Bacillus subtilis protease (Neu-traseC!Jl), and a Bacillus licheniformis protease. The heat-induced gelation properties of the hydrolysates were investigated as a function of pH, whey protein concentration, and the degree of hydrolysis, which was determined by osmometry. At pH 5.2, all control solutions (not hydrolyzed) containing 3 to 12% whey protein formed gels on heating to 80C, but, at pH 3.0 and 7.0, only the most concentrated solution gelled. After hydrolysis by the B. licheniformis protease, all whey protein solutions at pH 7.0 formed gels, and the strength of the 12% whey protein gel was 10 times higher than that of the corresponding control gel. Trypsin hydrolysis prevented gelation of the 12% whey protein solution at pH 3.0 and 7.0 and caused a pronounced weakening of the gels formed at pH 5.2. Hydrolysis by NeutraseC!Jl did not change the ability to form a gel, but the gels formed at pH 5.2 and 7.0 were weaker and, at pH 3, were slightly stronger than the control gels. Gelation properties of whey proteins, thus, can be manipulated by limited proteolysis. Of special interest is the possibility of making very strong heat-set gels in the neutral pH range.
Highly Active and Selective Nickel–Cerium(IV) Oxide Catalyst for Water–Gas Shift Reaction (2007)

Abstract Ni–CeO2 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation–nitric-acid-leaching method was highly active and selective for high-temperature water–gas shift reaction in reforming. TPR and XRD results suggested that the high activity for water–gas shift reaction was attributed to high amounts of Ni2+ ions incorporated into CeO2 lattice in the catalyst.
Disk Agar Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts (1978)

A disk agar diffusion method was developed for testing the susceptibility of rapidly growing yeasts in vitro. A totally defined, completely synthetic agar culture medium (synthetic amino acid medium, fungal) and clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Torulopsis glabrata were used. Turbidimetric adjustment of cell suspensions resulted in standard, reproducible inocula, which gave sharp, clear zones of inhibition when applied by an agar overlay method. Optimal disk loads were determined for amphotericin B, amphotericin B methyl ester, 5-fluorocytosine, clotrimazole, and miconazole. Disk potencies were stable over a 2-month period when stored in a vacuum desiccator at -30 degrees C. Using an error ratebounded classification, the zones of inhibition were correlated with both broth dilution and agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). With amphotericin B and amphotericin B methyl ester, all isolates were susceptible, yielding zone diameters which clustered within 5 mm. Overall correlations between zone diameters and broth dilution MICs with 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, and clotrimazole were 97, 96, and 82% (excluding T. glabrata), respectively; correlations of zone diameters with agar dilution MICs were 96, 92, and 88%, respectively. Disk diffusion susceptibility testing of yeasts appears to be generally applicable. However, when results are equivocal, quantitative test methods should be used.
Cloning and Expression of a Novel Human DNA Binding Protein, PO-GA (1993)

We have cloned a novel human DNA-binding protein from a HeLa cDNA expression library using the cognate DNA binding site of a transcription factor, PO-B. Further hybridization screening with the initial clone produced contiguous cDNA sequence of 4508 bp and a complete open reading frame encoding a 128 kDa protein, PO-GA. Northern analysis revealed a wide distribution of PO-GA mRNA in most human tissue. However, PO-GA mRNA levels were lower in lung and kidney and undetectable in placental tissue. A DNA-binding fragment of PO-GA expressed in E. Coli bound selectively to the PO-B element and other GA-rich double-stranded DNA sequences and to certain single-stranded DNA sequences. PO-GA has regions of homology to E. coli and yeast DNA ligases, and to proteins involved in DNA repair. Thus, in addition to a potential role in transcription, PO-GA may also be involved in DNA repair or replication.
A distinct phenotypic change in gliomas at the time of magnetic resonance imaging detection (2008)

The sequential appearance of first the nestin-positive cells followed several weeks later by those expressing GFAP/OPN suggests that all gliomas arise through common early steps in this model. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that the expression of OPN, a molecule associated with cancer aggressiveness, at the time of T2-weighted detection signals a time during glioma development when the lesion becomes refractory to treatment.
Candesartan cilexetil: safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers and patients with hypertension. (1997)

The tolerability and safety of candesartan cilexetil has been evaluated in over 5000 subjects enrolled into double-blind or open-label clinical studies. In double-blind clinical trials in patients with primary hypertension, candesartan cilexetil 2-16 mg once-daily was associated with a low incidence of adverse events and drug-related withdrawals, similar to placebo. The drug showed no evidence of dose-dependent adverse events and it was equally well tolerated by men and women and by elderly (> or =65 years) and younger (<65 years) patients alike. Candesartan cilexetil had no effect on blood glucose control or serum lipid profile in patients with type II diabetes. It was very well tolerated also when given in combination with hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine and during long-term open-label therapy (up to 1 year). Candesartan cilexetil therefore possesses an excellent tolerability profile that extends to a wide variety of patients including the elderly and it does not aggravate co-existing risk factors such as hyperlipidaemia or glucose intolerance. It therefore appears to offer a better tolerated alternative to other commonly used antihypertensive agents.
A low-power variable length decoder for MPEG-2 based on successive decoding of short codewords. (2003)

This paper presents a low-power variable length decoder exploiting the statistics of successive codewords. The decoder employs small look-up tables working as fixed caches to reduce the number of activations of a variable length code detector where considerable power is consumed. The power simulation results estimated using PowerMill show that 35% energy is reduced on the average compared to the previous low-power scheme.
Photocyclization strategy for the synthesis of antitumor agent CC-1065. Synthesis of the B and C unit fragments (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocyclization strategy for the synthesis of antitumor agent CC-1065. Synthesis of the B and C unit fragmentsViresh H. Rawal and Michael P. CavaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 8, 2110–2112Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00268a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00268a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DRIVER EYE HEIGHT AND VEHICLE PERFORMANCE IN RELATION TO CREST SIGHT DISTANCE AND LENGTH OF NO-PASSING ZONES. I. VEHICLE DATA (1958)

Variables in vehicle design creating different levels of driver eye height are discussed. Measurements were made for driver's eye height on representative fleets of passenger cars since 1936 at the general motors proving ground. These data were the basis of the choice of 4.5 feet as the design criterion. Seat cushion deflection and actual height of the driver create variations in seated eye height. Variations are noted with different year's automobile models. The 1958 models indicate a reduction of eye height to 51 inches whereas averages before were 28-1/2 inches. Percentile curves are presented of the depression of seat cushions in various models. AASHO policies also treat the criteria of passing sight distances, and the trend toward lower vehicle heights will reduce the passing sight distances provided by current design standards.
DNA Cleavage by the Antitumor Agent 3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Dioxide (SR4233):  Evidence for Involvement of Hydroxyl Radical (1996)

3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide (SR4233, WIN59075, tirapazamine, 1) is a clinically promising antitumor agent that requires bioreductive activation, selectively kills oxygen-deficient cells, and is believed to derive its biological activity from DNA cleavage. Using a xanthine−xanthine oxidase enzyme system as a one-electron reductant to activate 1 for DNA cleavage, it has been found that radical scavengers such as mannitol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, and tert-butyl alcohol significantly inhibit drug-dependent DNA cleavage. Compound 1, in concert with the xanthine−xanthine oxidase system, converts DMSO to methanesulfinic acid, a reaction characteristic of hydroxyl radical. In addition, treatment of a 32P-labeled restriction fragment with reductively-activated 1 results in cleavage at every base pair, with little sequence specificity, consistent with involvement of a highly reactive, nonselective agent such as hydroxyl radical. These results strongly support the involvement of radicals in the cleavage of DNA by 1 and are consistent with hydroxyl radical as the major DNA-cleaving species generated by reduction of 1.
Dynamic electromagnetic torque model and parameter estimation for a deep-bar induction machine (2008)

A dynamic analytical electromagnetic torque model for a deep-bar induction machine is presented. The model is based on the space–vector theory of electrical machines. The parameters are estimated using the data provided by the numerical impulse response test performed within the two-dimensional time-stepping finite element analysis. Two different impulse tests are studied. The impulse excitation is applied to the stator voltage and rotor position angle, and the parameter estimates are compared. The applicability of the impulse test is based on the assumption of linear behaviour in the neighbourhood of an operation point. Hence, one of the main objectives is to study the validity of the impulse test. From the results of the angle impulse test, a frequency range of negative damping is detected. The phenomenon is also studied by measurements.
An optimal construction resource leveling scheduling simulation model (2002)

To meet the physical limits of construction resources, to avoid day-to-day fluctuation in resource demands, and to maintain an even flow of application for construction resources, resource leveling is needed in the construction industry. Traditional resource leveling models assume activity durations to be deterministic. Nevertheless, activity duration may be uncertain, owing to variations in the overall environment, such as weather, site congestion, and productivity level. A new optimal construction resource leveling model is proposed in this paper, in which the combinative effects of both uncertain activity duration and resource leveling are taken into consideration. Monte Carlo simulation is used to model the uncertainties of activity duration. A searching technique using genetic algorithms (GAs) is then adopted to search for the impact of uncertain activity durations on the probabilistic optimal resource leveling indices. The model can effectively provide probabilistic optimal resource leveling indices for multiple construction resources subjected to the objective of resource leveling, and the impact of influence factors on the probabilistic resource-leveling scheduling problems.Key words: resource leveling, genetic algorithms, simulation, probabilistic scheduling.