gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
U. S. S. R. Exploiting Arctic Resources (1935)

Other| November 20 1935 U. S. S. R. Exploiting Arctic Resources K. B. K. B. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1935) 4 (23): 187. https://doi.org/10.2307/3022244 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. B.; U. S. S. R. Exploiting Arctic Resources. Far Eastern Survey 20 November 1935; 4 (23): 187. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3022244 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Effects of Vibration Frequency on Dynamic Properties of Undisturbed Structural Marine Soil (2012)

Due to influence by many factors like soil classification, viscosity property and vibration frequency, there is no common view yet about the effect of frequency on dynamic pore pressure and characteristics. In order to study the development of pore pressure, strain and dynamic strength of Hangzhou Bay undisturbed structural silty clay under different vibration frequencies, cyclic triaxial tests were performed. The test results indicate that the frequency has little influence on pore pressure and strain when they didn’t reach the threshold values, but once they exceeded the threshold values the frequency will has strong influence. There is critical cyclic stress ratio when the cyclic stress ratio has not reached that value, the frequency has no influence on dynamic strength. For the given cycles, the higher the frequency is, the bigger the dynamic strength is. And with the increment of frequency, the influence on dynamic is decreased eventually.
Boosting carbon efficiency of the biomass to liquid process with hydrogen from power: The effect of H2/CO ratio to the Fischer-Tropsch reactors on the production and power consumption (2019)

Carbon efficiency of a biomass to liquid process can be increased from ca. 30 to more than 90% by adding hydrogen generated from renewable power. The main reason is that in order to increase the H2/CO ratio after gasification to the value required for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, the water gas shift reaction step can be avoided; instead a reversed water gas shift reactor is introduced to convert produced CO2 to CO. Process simulations are done for a 46 t/h FT biofuel production unit. Previous results are confirmed, and it is shown how the process can be further improved. The effect of changing the H2/CO ratio to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactors is studied with the use of three different kinetic models. Keeping the CO conversion in the reactors constant at 55%, the volume of the reactors decreases with increasing H2/CO ratio because the reaction rates increase with the partial pressure of hydrogen. Concurrently, the production of C5+ products and the consumption of hydrogen increases. However, the power required per extra produced liter fuel also increases pointing at optimum conditions at a H2/CO feed ratio significantly lower than 2. The trends are the same for all three kinetic models, although one of the models is less sensitive to the hydrogen partial pressure. Finally, excess renewable energy can be transformed to FT syncrude with an efficiency of 0.8–0.88 on energy basis.
New Ultradeformable Drug Carriers for Potential Transdermal Application of Interleukin‐2 and Interferon‐a Theoretic and Practical Aspects (2000)

Transfersomes (TFs) are highly deformable hydrophilic lipid vesicles that are able to penetrate the skin barrier spontaneously because of their characteristics. Transfersomes are able to transport noninvasively low- and high-molecular-weight molecules into the body. We describe the formulation and several biologic characteristics of interleukin-2 (IL-2)- and interferon-alpha (IFNalpha )-containing TFs. TFs contain natural phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate. Recombinant human IL-2 and human hybrid IFNalpha were added to TFs and incubated for 24 hours at 4 degrees C. Immunotransfersomes were isolated from free IL-2 and IFNalpha by filtration (Centrisart, Sartorius). The biologic activity of immunotransfersomes was measured by a cytotoxic lymphoid line assay for IL-2 and by an A549-encephalomyocarditis virus assay for IFN; concentrations of proteins were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was possible to incorporate a large amount of IL-2 and IFN in TFs (75-80%), and the incorporated IL-2, and IFN were biologically active. The increased lipid/protein ratio (90.9/1.0) led to a growing probability of association. We were thus able to show that IL-2 and IFN are trapped by transfersomes in a biologically active form and in sufficient concentrations for immunotherapy. In upcoming experiments these IL-2- and IFN-containing TFs will be used for a transdermal approach in the murine RENCA cell line model.
Evaluation of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) standard for JP‐4 jet fuel (1995)

Abstract The potential for use of alternatives to total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) for remediation purposes was examined specifically for JP‐4 fuel. The study objective was to determine the scientific basis for use of fuel constituents other than TPH in establishing soil cleanup standards at JP‐4‐contaminated sites. The general bases for TPH soil cleanup standards or goals were characterized. Problems with the use of TPH for cleanup included its lack of specificity (e.g., method‐, medium‐, and time‐from‐spill‐dependency) as well as the lack of toxicological relevance. JP‐4 fuel constituents (alkanes, BTEX [i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs, i.e., chrysene], and naphthalenes) were identified as potential TPH alternatives. A series of criteria were applied to assess the viability of the use of specific JP‐4 constituents as TPH alternatives, and to select the most appropriate alternative. Criteria included chemical fate and transport, toxicity, and regulatory standards for relevant media of concern. Consideration of these criteria ultimately resulted in selection of benzene as the JP‐4 indicator of choice. The potential for altering risk‐based benzene soil cleanup concentrations (preliminary remediation goals, PRGs) was examined, and encompassed the basis for the existing benzene cancer slope factor (SF) as well as the role of distributional analysis of exposure parameters (Monte Carlo) that might be employed at JP‐4 spill sites. Results and conclusions are presented, and the implications for fuels other than JP‐4 are also discussed.
Peginterferon alpha‐2b is safe and effective in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis† ‡ § (2007)

PEG-IFN is effective and safe for HBeAg-positive patients with advanced fibrosis. Because PEG-IFN therapy results in a high rate of sustained off-therapy response, patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis but compensated liver disease should not be excluded from PEG-IFN treatment.
Resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to protease inhibitors: selection of resistance mutations in the presence and absence of the drug (1996)

Inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease are a promising class of antiviral agents that dramatically reduce HIV replication both in culture and in infected patients. However, as for many other antiviral compounds, long-term efficacy of these agents is impeded by the emergence of virus variants with increased resistance to their inhibitory action, following selection of specific mutations in the protease coding sequence. We have studied HIV-1 variants that emerged at different stages of selection in the presence of the C2-symmetrical protease inhibitor ABT-77003. The selection of variants was a gradual process during which mutations accumulated at different sites in the protease, generating virus populations with increasing levels of resistance to the drug. The initially selected viruses had a low level of resistance as well as a markedly reduced replicative capacity. Further accumulation of mutations at secondary sites led to an improvement in both drug resistance and replication. In spite of their reduced infectivity, partially selected virus populations did not readily revert to wild-type when serially passaged in drug-free conditions. Instead, even in the absence of drug, secondary mutations identical to those selected in the presence of the inhibitor continued to emerge. These mutations improved both the intrinsic replicative capacity of the virus and its level of resistance to the inhibitor, suggesting that once committed to drug resistance, readaptation of the enzyme to its natural substrate leads to a reduction of its sensitivity to the inhibitor.
Refractive-index modifications of some polymeric materials by ion beams (1994)

Optical guides are realized by ion irradiation in three polymers: polycarbonate, HIRI, and CR39. Optical properties (index variation, loss) are compared. CR39 waveguides present the best performances (with losses as low as 1 dB/cm); the influence of a curing parameter (initiator concentration), which is directly related to CR39 density and refractive index, is studied.
Rac2 GTPase Plays a Critical Role in Platelet Adhesion as Well as in Sustenance and Perpetuation of Platelet Aggregation. (2004)

Abstract The Rac GTPases, members of the Ras related family of Rho GTPases, have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell spreading, adhesion and actin cytoskeleton reorganization in hematopoietic cells (Roberts, A.W., et al. Immunity10: 183–196, 1999; Gu Y., et al. Science302: 445–449, 2003). Adhesion of platelets to vascular matrix containing fibrinogen or collagen is the first and a critical step that leads to platelet aggregation. The possibility that individual Rac GTPases may play a role in platelet activation was examined in this study. The Rac2 gene targeted (Rac2−/−) mice were used to investigate the contribution of Rac2 GTPase in platelet adhesion and aggregation. All experiments were conducted using an equal number (1–2 x 108/ml) of washed platelets from WT and Rac2−/− mice. Firstly, the role of Rac2 in platelet adhesion was examined by quantifying adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen coated wells. Platelets from Rac2−/−mice exhibited a 35% less adhesion to fibrinogen than platelets from WT mice. Secondly, binding of platelets to soluble fibrinogen was assessed by stimulating the platelets with ADP, collagen or phospholipase C (PLC) in the presence of Oregon Green conjugated fibrinogen followed by flow cytometry analysis. ADP-, PLC- and collagen-induced fibrinogen binding to platelets from Rac2−/−mice, as compared to platelets from WT mice, was decreased by 65%, 40% and 35%, respectively. Thirdly, platelet aggregation was monitored by an optical density method using a Chronolog Aggregometer. Agonists that induce aggregation responses via specific receptors for example thrombin, collagen and U46619 (a stable analog of thromboxane A2) as well as agonists that bypass receptors and directly activate protein kinase C by generating diacylglycerol (e.g. PLC from Clostridium perfringens) or by mimicking diacylglycerol (e.g. phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) were used in this study. At threshold concentrations, thrombin (0.04 U/ml), collagen (4 μg/ml), U46619 (0.5 μM) and PLC (0.04 U/ml) all elicited a slower onset of aggregation, as depicted by a prolonged shape change phase, in platelets from Rac2−/−than platelets from WT mice. Aggregation responses induced by thrombin, collagen and U46619 were all diminished in platelets from Rac2−/−mice as compared to platelets from WT mice. Moreover, platelets from Rac2−/−, but not from WT, mice failed to exhibit irreversible aggregation even when challenged with higher concentrations of U46619 (10 μM) or collagen (8 μg/ml). Platelet aggregation responses induced by PLC and PMA, agents that bypass receptors, were also decreased in platelets from Rac2−/−mice than in platelets from WT mice. These data lead us to suggest that Rac2 plays a critical role not only in platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, a step necessary for subsequent platelet aggregation, but also in sustenance and perpetuation of platelet aggregation. Furthermore, Rac2 appears to be involved in regulation of agonist-receptor mediated as well as direct, receptor-independent, activation of platelets.
Towards Cardiolite‐Inspired Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules – Reactivity of d<sup>4</sup>, d<sup>5</sup> Rhenium and d<sup>6</sup> Manganese Carbonyl Complexes with Isocyanide Ligands (2015)

Abstract Carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) are investigated widely in synthetic and medicinal chemistry owing to the potential therapeutic applications of the CO gas. Organometallic carbonyl complexes are best suited to play the role of CO carriers as they allow the exogenous release of CO under controlled conditions, and the toxicity of the gas can be overcome. With the long‐term goal of developing CORMs with similar properties to those of the sesta‐methoxyisobutylisonitrile (sesta‐mibi) 99m Tc complex (Cardiolite), we have studied the reactivity of isocyanide ligands towards 16‐ and 17‐electron cis ‐[Re(CO) 2 Br 4 ] –/2– species and the [Mn(CO) 5 Br] complex. Six different isocyanide ancillary ligands (CNR), including mibi, were selected for this study. Their reactions with cis ‐dicarbonyl Re III and Re II complexes were accompanied by two‐ and one‐electron reduction of the metal center and resulted in the formation of stable cis ‐ mer ‐[Re(CO) 2 (CNR) 3 Br] species, whereas the same reactions with [Mn(CO) 5 Br] gave fac ‐[Mn(CO) 3 (CNR) 2 Br] compounds. All of the complexes were fully characterized, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structure determinations were performed for selected species. In addition, unique monocarbonyl complexes were obtained from the reactions of cis ‐[Re(CO) 2 Br 4 ] – ( 1 ) with tert ‐butyl isocyanide and cis ‐[Re(CO) 2 Br 4 ] 2– ( 2 ) with mibi. The species, a heptacoordinate Re III and a hexacoordinate Re II complex, respectively, were also characterized structurally. The CO‐releasing profiles, the cytotoxic effects against 3T3 fibroblast cells, and the antibacterial properties of the compounds were also investigated.
High performance n-MOS finFET by damage-free, conformal extension doping (2011)

A solution for conformal n-type finFET extension doping is demonstrated, yielding I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> values of 1.23 mA/μm at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> =100 nA/um at 1V. This high device performance results from 40% reduced external resistance, which in term is stemming from 130% increased fin sidewall doping (confirmed by SIMS, SSRM and Atom Probe) relative to ion implant process. In this work we also report lowered gate leakage due to the damage-free extension doping.
Four-slot fully asynchronous communication mechanism (1990)

The paper is concerned with communication mechanisms in which a record in shared memory is maintained by a writer to provide a coherent and up-to-date data reference which may be accessed at any time by a reader. The dynamic properties of several possible designs are briefly discussed before concentrating on a fully asynchronous form called a four-slot mechanism. This takes its name from the four-element array through which data is routed. Coherence is maintained by means of an orthogonal avoidance strategy without recourse to conventional synchronisation techniques such as semaphores, rendezvous, monitors or critical sections. Various implementation options are considered including software and hardware designs. It is seen that the fully asynchronous mechanism completes the range of basic communication options available to digital system designers.
New Photo-aligning and Photo-patterning Technology: Superthin Internal Polarizers, Retarders and Aligning Layers (2001)

The photo-aligning materials based on azodye layers are proposed. The azodye aligning layers enable (i) high order parameter; (ii) excellent alignment quality of LCD with a high contrast ratio; (iii) temperature stability, suitable for LCD manufacturing; (iv) perfect adhesion and high voltage holding ratio due to the specific molecular groups (v) pretilt angle generation. The azodye layers can be used to fabricate thin internal patterned (pixelated) polarizers with different local orientations of the absorption axis and/or absorption colors. Our new methods allow to produce defect-free highly uniform alignment of lyotropic LC or iodine-doped azodye layers themselves with a fine resolution of the polarization pattern. The photo-aligned internal polarizers are cost-effective and enable new LCDs with excellent electro-optical response, including good viewing angles and high brightness. We prepared an internal phase retarder using UV-cured photo-polymerized material. 4-(6- acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid had been synthesized and the synthesis procedure was modified for a better yield. We had shown that by applying an electric or magnetic field, the director deformation of the liquid crystalline monomer could be in-situ UV-cured for the optimal phase compensation generation.
A 300khz-13.5ghz directional bridge (2015)

This paper presents a wideband directional bridge with a range of operating frequencies from 300 kHz to 13.5 GHz. The original topology of the directional bridge was designed, using the multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology, with the top layer of the laminated microwave dielectric Rogers RO4350, as resistive elements surface mounted (SMD) components are used. The circuit is designed for a nominal value of 16 dB coupling and an insertion loss of 1.6 dB.
Analysis of Triglycerides of Soybean Oil by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Gas Liquid Chromatography (1977)

A technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to the analysis of triglycerides of soybean oil. The triglycerides were clearly separated into six peaks by HPLC on a column packed with, μ-Bondapack C18 using methanol-chloroform mixture as a solvent. From the fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides of these six peaks, it was found that the separation of triglycerides by HPLC under the conditions used was governed by the degree of their unsaturation in addition to carbon number ; that is, the higher the degree of unsaturation of the triglyceride, the earlier the elution. From the results obtained, the possible triglyceride compositions of soybean oil were estimated. As a result, it was suggested that the use of HPLC in combination with GLC and TLC can provide more detailed information concerning triglyceride structure.
Temperature Adaptation of Enzymes: Roles of the Free Energy, the Enthalpy, and the Entropy of Activation (1973)

The enzymic reactions of ectothermic (cold-blooded) species differ from those of avian and mammalian species in terms of the magnitudes of the three thermodynamic activation parameters, the free energy of activation (DeltaG()), the enthalpy of activation (DeltaH()), and the entropy of activation (DeltaS()). Ectothermic enzymes are more efficient than the homologous enzymes of birds and mammals in reducing the DeltaG() "energy barrier" to a chemical reaction. Moreover, the relative importance of the enthalpic and entropic contributions to DeltaG() differs between these two broad classes of organisms.
A fiber optic hypermesh for SIMD/MIMD machines (2002)

A fiber-optic multidimensional mesh-based network for SIMD (single-instruction, multiple-data) and MIMD (multiple-instruction, multiple data) multiprocessors is proposed. A novel optical switch design which uses 50% fewer lasers/receivers than previously proposed optical WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) switches is proposed. A novel random-access scheme which supports prioritized traffic and which should be easier to implement in GaAs than the FOX/HYPASS schemes is described. An approximate analysis and extensive simulations both indicate that the optical switch can operate at a peak bandwidth very near the maximum of about 0.586. In addition, a novel network called the hypermesh is proposed. A distributed optical (or electronic) crossbar links d nodes along each dimension in an n-dimensional base-d hypermesh.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE REACTIVITY OF ATOMS AND GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XII. THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MIXED ALIPHATIC ETHERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE CONTAINING THE TERT.-BUTYL RADICAL (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTIVITY OF ATOMS AND GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XII. THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MIXED ALIPHATIC ETHERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE CONTAINING THE TERT.-BUTYL RADICALJames F. Norris and George Wayne RigbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 5, 2088–2100Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01344a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01344a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views860Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A method to calibrate installation orientation errors of inertial sensors for gait analysis (2014)

Gait analysis by using wearable inertial sensors has gained tremendous achievements in recent years. A limitation of using inertial measurement unit (IMU) is that inertial signals heavily rely on the correctness of sensor installation. A slight installation orientation error could lead to inaccurate results for quantitative estimation of gait parameters. In this paper, a calibration method was proposed to deal with installation orientation errors of IMU, where the errors were considered as an IMU frame rotating around the standard coordinate system. The proposed method could generate a three-dimensional rotation matrix to calibrate gait signals. By using the calibrated signals, estimation of gait parameters such as calculation of stride length and detection of gait phase can be more accurate. An experiment was performed on our gait monitoring platform based on IMU, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Literary Reviews – 2005 (2006)

Introduction For Issue 1 of Estudios Irlandeses we have kept the number of reviews limited to a half-dozen. In future issues we hope to expand this number and provide more substantial space in keeping with the ambitions of an internet journal for the contemporary world. Input and feedback would be much appreciated at this stage, and