gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-phase competitive-binding radioimmunoassay for detecting antibody to the M antigen of histoplasmin (1977)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was designed and compared with complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests for their relative ability to detect antibodies in sera of histoplasmosis patients. M antigen, purified from histoplasmin, was fixed to microtiter wells as the solid phase, and specific rabbit 125I-labeled anti-M globulin was the source of indicator antibodies. The optimal concentrations for the competitive-binding assay were 1.6 ng per well for M antigen and 650 ng per well for the 125I-labeled anti-M globulin. A panel of sera from 29 histoplasmosis patients and from patients with other mycoses was screened for RIA activity and in complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests that used histoplasmin and Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-form antigens. The sera of 22 histoplasmosis patients reacted in the RIA, 21 in the complement fixation, and 16 in the immunodiffusion tests. Sera of patients with other mycotic infections did not react in the RIA, with the exception of those of one blastomycosis patient and one candidiasis patient. The RIA could be modified to quantitate M antigen; as little as 125 pg could be detected. The evaluation of this panel of histoplasmosis patients' sera showed that the RIA was about equivalent in sensitivity to the complement fixation test. Some advantages of the RIA over the complement fixation test were that RIA was less prone to cross-reactions and gave better quantitation of low-titered sera. The RIA was a 1-day test, was not hindered by the anti-complementary activity of some sera, and could be modified to quantitate minute amounts of M antigen.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Are Able To Specifically Bind the 5‘-Untranslated Region of Thymidylate Synthase Messenger RNA (1998)

The translational initiation codon for thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA is located in a unique stem-loop structure which contains an internal cytosine-cytosine (CC) bubble. This stem-loop structure is thought to be important in the regulation of TS translation, which is itself an important target for anticancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil. Internal bubble or bulge structures are candidate receptors for the aminoglycoside antibiotics. It is shown here that aminoglycosides bind in a specific and saturable fashion with dissociation constants of approximately 1 microM to a TS mRNA site 1 construct and that the binding site for the aminoglycosides is located in the CC bubble region. In fact, the CC bubble, when grafted into other stem-loop structures, confers aminoglycoside binding on them. These studies reveal an additional binding domain for aminoglycosides and also suggest how novel anti-cancer drugs might be designed that affect TS mRNA translation rather than enzyme function.
The calcium-dependent ATP-Mg/Pi mitochondrial carrier is a target of glucose-induced calcium signalling in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2005)

Sal1p is a mitochondrial protein that belongs to the SCaMC (short calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier) subfamily of mitochondrial carriers. The presence of calcium-binding motifs facing the extramitochondrial space allows the regulation of the transport activity of these carriers by cytosolic calcium and provides a new mechanism to transduce calcium signals in mitochondria without the requirement of calcium entry in the organelle. We have studied its transport activity, finding that it is a carboxyatractyloside-resistant ATP-Mg carrier. Mitochondria from a disruption mutant of SAL1 have a 50% reduction in the uptake of ATP. We have also found a clear stimulation of ATP-transport activity by calcium, with an S(0.5) of approx. 30 microM. Our results also suggest that Sal1p is a target of the glucose-induced calcium signal which is non-essential in wild-type cells, but becomes essential for transport of ATP into mitochondria in yeast lacking ADP/ATP translocases.
High-speed 3D sensing via hybrid-mode imaging and guided upsampling (2020)

Imaging systems with temporal resolution play a vital role in a diverse range of scientific, industrial, and consumer applications, e.g., fluorescent lifetime imaging in microscopy and time-of-flight (ToF) depth sensing in autonomous vehicles. In recent years, single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays with picosecond timing capabilities have emerged as a key technology driving these systems forward. Here we report a high-speed 3D imaging system enabled by a state-of-the-art SPAD sensor used in a hybrid imaging mode that can perform multi-event histogramming. The hybrid imaging modality alternates between photon counting and timing frames at rates exceeding 1000 frames per second, enabling guided upscaling of depth data from a native resolution of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>64</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>32</mml:mn> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>256</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>128</mml:mn> </mml:math> . The combination of hardware and processing allows us to demonstrate high-speed ToF 3D imaging in outdoor conditions and with low latency. The results indicate potential in a range of applications where real-time, high throughput data are necessary. One such example is improving the accuracy and speed of situational awareness in autonomous systems and robotics.
Interface states in metal-insulator-semiconductor Pt-GaN diode hydrogen sensors (2013)

Exposure of Pt-SiO2-GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diodes to hydrogen at room temperature is found not only to shift the flat-band voltage toward negative bias values as compared with that in nitrogen, which results in significant sensitivity of the devices to hydrogen, but also to reduce the interface state density (Dit) dramatically for the first time. Pt-SiO2-GaN MIS diodes in nitrogen yields the Dit of ∼8 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 at 0.4 eV from the conduction band edge (Ec), and hydrogen exposure reduces the Dit by more than one order of magnitude to the low 1010 cm−2 eV−1 range. In sharp contrast to Pt-SiO2-GaN MIS diodes, neither flat-band voltage shift nor Dit (∼1 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 at 0.4 eV) reduction is observed for Pt-SixNy-GaN MIS diodes upon hydrogen exposure. These results suggest that atomic hydrogen interacts with MIS interface in Pt-SiO2-GaN MIS diodes even at room temperature. In addition, hydrogen treatment would be a promising method in order to reduce the Dit in GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors using SiO2 as the gate dielectric, leading to the mobility enhancement of the devices.
<title>Measurement of hippocampal volume changes in serial MRI scans</title> (1999)

We present a new method for the detection and measurement of volume changes in human hippocampi in serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The method follows a two-stage approach: (1) precise co-registration and intensity matching of the initial (baseline) and follow-up scan, and (2) refinement and segmentation propagation of the hippocampi outlines drawn in the baseline scan by an expert observer to the matched scan (co-registered and intensity matched follow- up scan of the time series). The first step is performed using MRreg, a rigid registration tool based on cross-correlation and intensity matching, and the second step makes use of the concept of active contour models for tracking the hippocampi outlines in the time series.
O<sub>2</sub> Reduction on Graphite and Nitrogen-Doped Graphite:  Experiment and Theory (2006)

An experimental and theoretical study of electroreduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide is presented. The experimental measurements of nitrided Ketjenblack indicated an onset potential for reduction of approximately 0.5 V (SHE) compared to the onset potential of 0.2 V observed for untreated carbon. Quantum calculations on cluster models of nitrided and un-nitrided graphite sheets show that carbon radical sites formed adjacent to substitutional N in graphite are active for O2 electroreduction to H2O2 via and adsorbed OOH intermediate. The weak catalytic effect of untreated carbon is attributed to weaker bonding of OOH to the H atom-terminated graphite edges. Substitutional N atoms that are far from graphite sheet edges will be active, and those that are close to the edges will be less active. Interference from electrochemical reduction of H atoms on the reactive sites is considered, and it is shown that in the potential range of H2O2 formation the reactive sites are not blocked by adsorbed H atoms.
Combining LaRC-TPI powder with carbon fiber by electrostatic fluidized bed coating (1989)

Thermoplastic polyimide prepreg tow is produced rapidly and efficiently by applying the LaRC-TPI matrix as an electrostatically charged and fluidized powder to electrically grounded and spread carbon fiber tow. The powder is melted after coating to insure adhesion to the fibers and to reduce tow friction. Excellent wetout in towpreg samples is obtained resulting in very flexible prepregs. Processing conditions of this towpreg produced with LaRC-TPI powders from Rogers Corp. and Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals are described. Mechanical properties of the towpreg and unidirectional laminates are presented in detail.
Reliable 1.5 μm buried heterostructure, separate confinement, multiple quantum well (BH-SC-MQW) lasers entirely grown by metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) (1989)

We report the first reliable BH-SC-MQW semiconductor lasers in the GaInAsP quaternary system grown entirely by MOVPE. Threshold currents were as low as 10 mA with differential efficiencies of 0.18 mW/mA per facet at 20°C for 250 μm-long devices. A characteristic temperature of 49 K was measured for a 300 μm-long laser. Initial reliability data suggest these lasers should have lifetimes comparable to standard BH lasers.
Water sorption and hydrolytic stability of polycarbonates (1989)

Abstract The hydrolytic stability of a new commercial polycarbonate (Calibre 300, Dow Chemical USA) was investigated and compared with that of other commercial polycarbonates. The tests were conducted between 56% and 95% relative humidity (R. H.) at 100°C. Also performed were water immersion tests at 80 and 100°C. The water diffusivity was found to be 8.7 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s at 100°C with an activation energy of 7.9 kcal/mole. These values are similar to other glassy polymers. The equilibrium water sorption, C ∞ , was found to increase with temperature and R.H. The isotherm at 100°C was determined to be: C ∞ = 0.005945 [R.H.]. When samples immersed in a water bath at 100°C were transferred into room‐temperature water, visible aqueous microcavities were formed due to the condition of super‐saturation, and under stress may become crack initiation sites. For the polycarbonate investigated here, it was found that the decrease in weight‐average molecular weight (M̄) w was a first‐order process under a constant R.H. and temperature, and that hydrolytic embrittlement, i. e., (M̄) w <34,000, was reached after ca. 188, 143, 99, and 66 days under 56%, 73%, 87%, and 95% R.H., respectively, at 100°C. A comparison with reported hydrolytic stability data for other polycarbonates showed large differences in their stability which are believed to be due to the extent of end‐group capping (over 95% in Calibre 300) and resin purity: both phenolic end‐groups and some additives (i.e., fire retardants, thermal stabilizers) are known to accelerate hydrolytic degradation.
Plasminogen activator in normal subjects after exercise and venous occlusion: t-PA circulates as complexes with C1-inhibitor and PAI-1 (1987)

Exercise to exhaustion was associated with the appearance in plasma of plasminogen activator (PA) in several mol wt forms, as identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with zymography. A number of active bands, all immunologically identified as tissue-type PA (t-PA), were observed. The major form had an apparent mol wt of approximately 60,000 and is due to free t-PA. The other strong bands had apparent mol wts of approximately 110,000 and 180,000. The 110,000 band, also present in pre-exercise samples, represents t-PA complexed with its major inhibitor (PAI-1), and the 180,000 band is due to t-PA complexed with C1 inhibitor. The released forms of t-PA were cleared rapidly after cessation of exercise at exhaustion. Urokinase-type PA (u-PA) activity was also identified in pre- and postexercise samples at an apparent mol wt of approximately 50,000. This is consistent with its being free u-PA; no complexed forms of u-PA were observed. Qualitatively similar changes in plasma PA were observed after venous occlusion. Small quantities of plasmin were generated after strenuous exercise, as observed by detection of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis in three of five subjects. This complex was cleared rapidly after cessation of exercise. Plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex was not detected in any of the subjects after venous occlusion.
Cytokine production during endotoxin-induced mastitis in lactating dairy cows. (1993)

The role of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha during endotoxin-induced mastitis in cows was characterized. Six cows had 10 micrograms of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide infused into 1 mammary gland. Three other cows served as nontreated controls. Within 1.5 to 2.5 hours after infusion, endotoxin caused obvious edema of the mammary gland and increased serum albumin concentration in milk of infused glands 6 times. Milk somatic cell count began to increase 3 to 5 hours after infusion in all treated glands. At 7 hours after infusion, somatic cell counts were increased > 10 times, compared with counts in milk from control cows. Pyrexia of > 1 C developed in only 1 cow, but all treated cows had serum cortisol concentrations > 50 ng/ml in response to endotoxin treatment. High concentrations of IL-1 (10 to 600 U/ml) and IL-6 (2 to 22 U/ml) were detected in milk of infused glands beginning 2.5 to 4 hours after infusion. Endotoxin did not induce detectable amounts of tumor necrosis factor activity in milk or serum. Swelling and mammary gland permeability changes preceded any detectable increase in IL-1 and IL-6 activity, indicating that these clinical signs of inflammation were not mediated by these cytokines. Systemic responses and the leukocytic influx into endotoxin-infused glands developed after or concurrently with initial increases in IL-1 and IL-6 activities in milk. These results suggested that IL-1 and IL-6 may have a role in mammary gland defenses and in the pathophysiologic changes during endotoxin-induced mastitis.
A Brief History of Crash Injury Research (1995)

This paper discusses the crash injuries and the researches taken there off. A brief history is given of the various types of crash injuries and also the different types of researches. Automotive Crash Injury Research (ACIR) concentrated on a large scale on-going sample survey of automobile crashes. Crash injury research in the automobile industry is also mentioned.
Resistin Serum Levels Are Associated with Insulin Resistance, Disease Severity, Clinical Complications, and Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases (2006)

Resistin offers novel application potential as a clinical biomarker in the assessment of liver cirrhosis. Elevated resistin may contribute to insulin resistance in advanced liver dysfunction.
Hepatitis C Virus in Lymphoid Cells of Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Evidence of Active Replication in Monocytes/Macrophages and Lymphocytes (2000)

It has been reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be lymphotropic in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection. The present study was undertaken to determine the phenotype of lymphoid cells harboring replicating HCV in HIV-1-positive subjects. By means of highly strand-specific thermostable enzyme Tth-based reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the presence of viral RNA-negative strand was sought in different subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 HIV-positive patients. HCV RNA-negative strand was most commonly present in monocytes/macrophages (4 cases), followed by CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes (2 cases) and CD19+ cells (1 case). In 2 cases that were further analyzed, viral-negative strand remained detectable in monocytes/macrophages cultured for 3 weeks. Moreover, monocyte/macrophage- and serum-derived viral sequences differed in the 5' untranslated region. These findings imply that, in HIV-infected subjects, HCV may replicate in the same cells as HIV-1, which raises the possibility of direct interactions between these pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF THE PERBROMATE ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1979)

Abstract Die Reaktionen des BrOZ‐Ions mit einer Reihe von Z‐äquivalenten Reduktionsmitteln wird in wäßriger Lösung bei einer Ionenstärke von 1 untersucht (kinetische und Sauerstofftracerunte suchungen).
Preparation and Characteristics of Arginine Oleate Liquid Crystal Holding a Large Amount of Water (2005)

Solution properties of arginine oleate (ArgOA) were investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering device, tensiometer, transmittance measuring device, transmission electron microscope, NMR, etc. Whereas arginine stearate which is different in hydrophobic moiety or sodium oleate which is different in counterion from ArgOA formed lamellar liquid crystals in a limited region, ArgOA formed over a wide ranges of temperature and concentration. The surface tension versus concentration curve of ArgOA had two bending points (C1 and C2). When the state of its aqueous solution was observed, transmittance of the aqueous solution decreased in the concentration range of C1 and more and, in the region until C2 where the concentration further increased, particles of several tens nm and several hundreds nm were observed. At concentrations above C2, the viscosity of the aqueous solution began to increase due to the formation of bigger molecular aggregates. The formation of micelles, vesicle-like highly associated aggregates, and lamellar liquid crystals with large amount of water were observed as a result of an increase in concentration of ArgOA.
Morphology and Nanomechanics of Conducting Plastic Crystals (2004)

We present a temperature-controlled scanning probe microscopy characterisation of morphology and mechanical behaviour of conducting N,N'-cyclized pyrazolium salts. These salts are plastic crystals belonging to the pyrazolium trifluoromethanesulfonimide family. Going from a five-membered to a seven-membered ring, and adding a methyl group in alpha to either the five-membered or six-membered rings, allows modulation of the temperature of the phase transitions. Before and after the transitions, the materials' Young moduli, hardnesses and surface roughnesses change. We attribute these macroscopic modifications to specific states: brittle, elastoplastic and viscoplastic, corresponding to variations in the extent of the dislocations present in the crystal lattice planes of the compounds.
Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of an ultrasonic device for precise dissection, coagulation, and transection (2014)

Background: A new ultrasonic device, Harmonic Focus ® +, has been developed that is smaller and delivers energy more efficiently than its predecessor via the inclusion of Adaptive Tissue Technology. This study was undertaken to compare its dissection capabilities to an advanced bipolar electrosurgery device in benchtop and preclinical evaluations. Methods: In ex vivo testing, Focus+ and LigaSure™ Small Jaw were evaluated for physical dimensions, device and tissue temperature after repeated applications to porcine jejunum, and burst pressure of vessel seals, transection time, and tissue sticking in 3–5 mm porcine carotid arteries. In in vivo testing, the devices were tested on intact porcine carotid arteries for thermal damage via collagen denaturation and in muscle incisions near rat sciatic nerve for acute inflammation via hematoxylin and eosin and for impaired axonal transport via β-APP. Results: Focus+ was smaller than the Small Jaw in width and height, yet it had a longer active blade and larger jaw aperture. Device temperatures were not different after application, but thermal spread (tissue temperature above 50°C) was 78% greater for Small Jaw (9.6 mm) than for Focus+ (5.4 mm). Burst pressures of sealed vessels were not significantly different between the devices: 900 (±466) mmHg for Focus+ versus 974 (±500) mmHg for Small Jaw. Small Jaw had a shorter individual transection time (5.0 seconds compared to 6.3 seconds for Focus+), whereas Focus+ had 70% less tissue sticking. Thermal damage, neural inflammation, and impaired axonal transport were all significantly lower for Focus+ compared to Small Jaw, by 19%, 57%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: With the addition of Adaptive Tissue Technology, Harmonic Focus+ builds upon the manifold advantages of ultrasonic devices in procedures requiring meticulous dissecting capability. Improvements in energy sensing and controlled delivery produce lower tissue temperatures and less thermal damage, especially critical when working near nerves. Focus+ produces vessel seal strengths equivalent to advanced bipolar devices and, although individual device activations are longer, the reduction in tissue sticking is expected to materially lessen operative time in clinical practice. Keywords: Harmonic, Focus, precision, vessel sealing, thyroidectomy, dissection
ChemInform Abstract: Affinity Purification of Synthetic Peptides and Proteins on Porous Graphitized Carbon. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modified Low-Density MDS Array Codes (2006)

In this paper we present a class of low-density MDS array codes that have sparsest parity-check matrices and fast encoding and erasure decoding algorithms. Proposed codes are a modification of the MDS array codes of Blaum et al. in 1996 and can be encoded and decoded by XOR operations with lower complexity than the MDS array codes of Feng et al. in 2005
Effects of an Inhaled β<sub>2</sub>‐Agonist on Cardiovascular Function and Sympathetic Activity in Healthy Subjects (2011)

In these healthy subjects, administration of a nebulized β(2)-agonist resulted in enhanced ventricular function and a decrease in SVR, suggesting peripheral vasodilation. In addition, the increase in norepinephrine level with albuterol, but not placebo, may have important implications in patients with known cardiovascular disease.
Establishment of Withania somnifera Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Withanolide A (2008)

Withania sominifera (印度人参) 被 Agrobacterium rhizogenes 转变。从幼苗根，茎，胚轴，子叶的节的片断，子叶和年轻叶子的将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养与 A 被接种。rhizogenes 拉紧 R1601。毛乎乎(转变) 根从子叶和叶将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养被导致。毛乎乎的根的转基因的地位被聚合酶链反应用 nptII 和 rolB 证实特定的教材并且，随后由为在转变的根的染色体的 nptII 和 rolB 基因的存在的南部的分析。毛乎乎的根的四克隆被建立；这些在他们的形态学不同。更快种文化的倍增时间与有教养的、非转变的幼苗根相比是有在 28 d 以后的生物资源的五倍的增加的 8-14 d。基于 MS 的液体培养基与评估的另外的文化媒介相比为转变的根的生长是优异的(嘘， LS 和 N6 ) ，与与为生物资源是最佳的 40 g/L 蔗糖补充的基于 MS 的媒介生产。有教养的毛乎乎的根综合了 withanolide A，药用、治疗学的价值的 steroidal 内酯。在转变的根的 withanolide A 的集中(157.4 og/g 干燥重量) 在非转变的有教养的根非常是 2.7 褶层(57.9 og/g 干燥重量) 。