gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized holographic femtosecond laser patterning method towards rapid integration of high-quality functional devices in microchannels (2016)

Rapid integration of high-quality functional devices in microchannels is in highly demand for miniature lab-on-a-chip applications. This paper demonstrates the embellishment of existing microfluidic devices with integrated micropatterns via femtosecond laser MRAF-based holographic patterning (MHP) microfabrication, which proves two-photon polymerization (TPP) based on spatial light modulator (SLM) to be a rapid and powerful technology for chip functionalization. Optimized mixed region amplitude freedom (MRAF) algorithm has been used to generate high-quality shaped focus field. Base on the optimized parameters, a single-exposure approach is developed to fabricate 200 × 200 μm microstructure arrays in less than 240 ms. Moreover, microtraps, QR code and letters are integrated into a microdevice by the advanced method for particles capture and device identification. These results indicate that such a holographic laser embellishment of microfluidic devices is simple, flexible and easy to access, which has great potential in lab-on-a-chip applications of biological culture, chemical analyses and optofluidic devices.
Essential fatty acid metabolism in the feline: relationship between liver and brain production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (1994)

A comparison was made between the liver and brain conversion of linoleic acid, 18:2n-6, and linolenic acid, 18:3n-3, to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in domestic felines. This report demonstrates that 6-desaturase activity does exist in the feline. The liver produced deuterium-labeled polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-3. The brain was found to accumulate the deuterium-labeled polyunsaturated fatty acids, 22:5n-6, 22:6n-3, 24:4n-6, 24:5n-6, 24:5n-3, and 24:6n-3. Adult felines were provided a diet consisting of either 10% fat (hydrogenated coconut oil-corn oil 9:1) containing no 20- or 22-carbon n-6 or n-3 fatty acids or a chow diet with meat and meat by-products that contained these long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for a 6-month period. During this time, the in vivo production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was evaluated in these animals. The cats were given oral doses of both [17,17,18,18,18,2H]18:3n-3 and [9,10,12,13-2H]18:2n-6 and the deuterium-labeled fatty acid metabolites were measured in the blood, liver, and brain using a highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Contrary to previous claims, 6-desaturase activity was shown to exist in the feline. The evidence for this was the detection of [9,10,12,13-2H] 18:3n-6 which was converted from [9,10,12,13-2H]18:2n-6 and observed in the plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human biglycan gene. Putative promoter, intron-exon junctions, and chromosomal localization (1991)

Biglycan (PG-I, DS-PG-1, PG-S1) is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan that is closely related in structure to two other small proteoglycans, decorin (PG-II, PG-S2, DS-PG2, or PG-40) and fibromodulin. The core protein is made up predominantly of a series of 11 tandem repeats that appear to have been used throughout evolution for protein-protein, protein-cell, or cell-cell interactions. The function of biglycan is unclear at this time, but it has been shown to bind transforming growth factor beta in vitro. We have cloned and partially sequenced the approximately 8-kilobase pair human biglycan gene. The gene consists of eight exons including one in the sequence that encodes the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA. The first and seventh introns are approximately 1 kilobase pair, while the remainder are shorter. With the exception of the first two introns, all of the introns are spread throughout the hydrophobic repeat domain. The 500-base pair 5' to the start of transcription contains several elements that strongly suggest that it contains a significant amount of the gene promoter. The elements include one AP2 and five SP1 consensus sequences. Like in many other genes, the biglycan gene promoter lacks both a CAAT and TATA box but is rich in GC content. Using 3H-labeled cDNA and in situ hybridization and autoradiography of human chromosomes, the human gene was localized to the end of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq27-ter). The relationship of biglycan to a number of other proteins containing the leucine-rich repeats is discussed with respect to homologies of cysteine regions immediately adjacent to the repeat sequences.
Rett's syndrome: Characterization of respiratory patterns and sleep (1987)

Rett's syndrome is a progressive disorder that occurs in females and is characterized by autistic behavior, dementia, ataxia, loss of purposeful use of the hands, and seizures. Patients with Rett's syndrome have been observed to have stereotyped hand movements (hand-washing) and to exhibit intermittent hyperventilation. To characterize more precisely the sleep and respiratory patterns associated with this disorder, polygraphic studies were made during sleep and wakefulness in 11 patients with this syndrome. These studies showed abnormal respiratory patterns during wakefulness, and abnormal sleep and electroencephalographic characteristics. The patients had decreased percentages of rapid-eye-movement sleep, and during wakefulness, a pattern of disorganized breathing was observed in all 11 patients and consisted of hypoxia followed by a period of increased respiratory rate and effort. The occurrence of disorganized breathing and compensatory hyperpnea during wakefulness with regular, continuous breathing during sleep is characteristic of Rett's syndrome and suggests an altered or impaired voluntary/behavioral respiratory control system.
Content‐Based Video Communications (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Network-Adaptive Video Object Encoding Joint Source Coding and Unequal Error Protection Joint Source-Channel Coding with Utilization of Data Hiding References
SYNTHESIS OF 1-N-((s)-4-AMINO-2-HYDROXYBUTYRYL) LIVIDOMYCIN A (1973)

3'-Deoxyparomamine is synonymous with 4-O-(2-amino -2, 3 -dideoxy -a -d -ribo-hexopyranosyl)-
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon-α (1993)

Phase II trials of the novel biologic combination of 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon (IFN)-alpha have achieved major activity in advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and cervix, but not of the lung or head and neck. Very limited study of this combination has occurred in cancers other than those of squamous type. Although uncommon, cases of unresectable or metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma are virtually incurable, and chemotherapy has had no impact on survival in these cases. This report describes our use of 13-cis-retinoic acid plus IFN-alpha to treat a case of cisplatin- and hormone-resistant, locally advanced and distantly metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In this worst-prognosis case, the biologic therapy achieved a major response, which persisted for 4 months. Based on the dramatic activity in this case, we believe that depthful mechanistic and clinical study of this promising new biologic combination should be expanded to include non-squamous tumors of many different sites and histopathologic types.
Multiparametric analysis of cell differentiation in teratocarcinoma embryoid bodies (1996)

Murine teratocarcinoma embryoid bodies are thought to mimic certain events linked to early embryonic development, and these multicellular aggregates are considered good models for studying cellular differentiation processes. The ascitic form of CE44 embryonal carcinoma is formed by a heterogeneous population of cells that morphologically resemble morules and early blastocysts (for review see Martin, 1975., Damjanov, I., 1990). One of the most important features of the embryogenes is the presence of fibronectin, a protein that is expressed during differentiation and morphogenic processes and which has been specifically identified as being responsible for parietal endoderm differentiation and growth (Grabel and Watts, 1987). Flow cytometry is used to recognize characteristics such as size, granularity and the presence of specific markers among cell populations In the present study we have combined flow cytometry and morphoiogical methods to evaluate the differentiation capacity of embryoid bodies multicellular aggregates. Thus we have quantified fibronectin expression in CE44 teratocarcinoma embryoid bodies cultured in the presence and absence of powerful differentiation inductors such as retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP)
ANALOG DESIGN NOTE ADN006 Wireless Communication Using the IrDA ® Standard Protocol (2003)

The MCP2150 has two independent baud rates. One of the baud rates is for communication with the Primary device (PDA). The Primary device negotiates this baud rate with the MCP2150, as defined in the IrDA standard. The second baud rate is set with the two hardware pins, BAUD1 and BAUD0. This second baud rate is for communication with the host controller. The IrDA standard is a network protocol and follows a layered approach in its definition. A model of the IrDA protocol stack is shown in Figure 2. These protocols deal with a manageable set of responsibilities and also supply needed capabilities to the layers above and below. The MCP2150 is an IrDA standard Protocol Stack Controller, which provides support for the IrDA standard protocol “stack” plus bit encoding/decoding.
Imidazolsynthesen mit Formamid (Formamid‐Reaktionen, I. Mitteil.) (1953)

Abstract Aus α‐Oxy‐, α‐Halogen‐, α‐Amino‐ und unter reduzierenden Bedingungen auch aus α‐Isonitroso‐ketonen entstehen mit Formamid 4.5‐substituierte Imidazole. Formamid dient im Überschuß gleichzeitig als Lösungsmittel.
A framework for time indexing in sensor networks (2005)

In this article, we define the time-indexing problem as the in-network storage and querying of sensor network data based solely on the time attribute. We argue qualitatively why existing storage schemes may be insufficient as solutions. We then present, analyze, and evaluate novel and lightweight solutions to both the storage and the querying subproblems for time indexing. First, the time-indexed storage problem is formally defined and two formulations are presented seeking to optimize generic utility functions that are derived from concerns about energy, bandwidth usage, and storage balancing. We present and analyze decentralized protocols to solve these formulations and prove the optimality of some of our solutions. Secondly, maintenance and use of simple overlays among rendezvous point nodes in order to enable fault-tolerant and efficient time-indexed queries are discussed. Finally, simulation results are presented to quantify performance characteristics of the protocols, and we find that our proposed scheme has low query overhead that scales with system size and density while exhibiting very good load-balancing and fault-tolerance properties. The use of time-indexed structure is shown to achieve more than double the lifetime of sensor networks compared to existing approaches in some scenarios.
Shading Devices Designed to Achieve the Desired Quality of Internal Daylight Environment (2006)

In this study, a history of influenza vaccination in older adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection was related to lower in-hospital mortality.
The CD9 Molecule on Stromal Cells (2000)

Numerous functions have been attributed to CD9 and other members of the transmembrane 4 (TM4) superfamily. CD9 is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival. It may also function as part of toxin and virus receptor complexes. Although much remains to be learned about molecular mechanisms, the molecule associates with several integrins, small G proteins, MHC class II molecules and other TM4 superfamily proteins on a given cell surface membrane. Here, we briefly discuss the CD9 displayed on stromal cells that support hematopoiesis and the potential importance of this molecule to osteoclast differentiation.
Biomedical literature classification with a CNNs-based hybrid learning network (2018)

Deep learning techniques, e.g., Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have been explosively applied to the research in the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing. However, few research efforts have addressed semantic indexing with deep learning. The use of semantic indexing in the biomedical literature has been limited for several reasons. For instance, MEDLINE citations contain a large number of semantic labels from automatically annotated MeSH terms, and for a great deal of the literature, only the information of the title and the abstract is readily available. In this paper, we propose a Boltzmann Convolutional neural network framework (B-CNN) for biomedicine semantic indexing. In our hybrid learning framework, the CNN can adaptively deal with features of documents that have sequence relationships, and can capture context information accordingly; the Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM) merges global (the entity in each document) and local information through its training with undirected connections. Additionally, we have designed a hierarchical coarse to fine style indexing structure for learning and classifying documents, and a novel feature extension approach with word sequence embedding and Wikipedia categorization. Comparative experiments were conducted for semantic indexing of biomedical abstract documents; these experiments verified the encouraged performance of our B-CNN model.
Digitally controllable variable high-Q MEMS capacitor for RF applications (2002)

This paper describes the novel design of an electrostatic digitally controllable variable MEMS capacitor constructed using Cronos MUMPS technology and flip-chip technology processing. The capacitor consists of an array of individual plates of equal area, which are connected to the bonding pads by springs of varying width. This creates a cascading snap-down effect when actuated by electrostatic forces. The capacitor has a measured Q-factor of 140 at 750 MHz, and a tuning ratio of 4:1.
High Levels of Regulatory T Cells in Blood Are a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2015)

Changes in blood immune cells occur in patients with DLBCL. The results also support a suppressive role of Tregs in adaptive immunity and correlate with poor-risk prognostic factors.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTRA OF HETEROCYCLES. 1. NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES, 1. THE REACTION OF BIS(5‐TETRAZOLYL) DISULFIDES WITH DIAZOALKANES (1978)

Abstract Die von Stolle und Mitarbeitern (1927‐1930) beschriebene Reaktion des Disulfids (Ia) mit Diazomethan (IIa) wird wiederholt und NMR‐spektroskopisch dem entstandenen Hauptprodukt die Struktur (IIIa), dem nur bei größeren Ansätzen erhältlichen Nebenprodukt die Struktur (IVa) zugeordnet.
An evaluation of the Kirchhoff approximation in predicting the axial impulse response of hard and soft disks (1993)

To test the ability of the Kirchhoff approximation for estimating the various components in the near-field impulse response of a circular disk, the predictions from a time domain formulation of the Helmholtz–Kirchhoff solution [Trorey, Geophys. 35, 762–864 (1970)] are benchmarked against results obtained via the Fourier synthesis of highly accurate frequency domain solutions [Kristensson and Waterman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 1612–1625 (1982)]. In these numerical experiments, a collocated point source and receiver lie on the symmetry axis of an acoustically hard (rigid) or soft (pressure release) disk. A time-domain analysis is carried out in order to unambiguously evaluate the Kirchhoff approximation for different components of the scattered field. It is found that, while Helmholtz–Kirchhoff predicts the correct reflected component, it fails to accurately predict the strength of the diffracted component. The magnitude of the error depends on whether the disk is soft or hard and on the source/receiver height above the disk. The error in the diffracted component exceeds, in some cases, 100%. Furthermore, it is observed that the Helmholtz–Kirchhoff approach does not include the secondary or multiply diffracted arrivals which are more pronounced for the hard disk.
Evidence for a Critical Role for IL-2 in CD40-Mediated Activation of Naive B Cells by Primary CD4 T Cells (1998)

The interaction of CD40 on B cells with the CD40 ligand (CD40L) on preactivated CD4 T cells is critical for the initiation of T-dependent Ab responses. It is believed that signals via CD40 synergize with cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-5) to drive B cell activation. However, primary T cells preactivated via CD3 alone cannot induce B cell proliferation; we have shown previously that costimulation of T cells via CD3 and CD28 stabilizes the expression of the CD40L, which we propose contributes to their capacity to act as competent helper-effector cells. Here we show that an additional, critical reason why CD3-stimulated CD40L-bearing T cells are incompetent helper cells is because they secrete insufficient IL-2. In contrast, CD28/CD3-activated T cells induce B cells to become IL-2 responsive via a combination of CD40L and IL-2-mediated signals, and these two stimuli subsequently drive B cell proliferation and IgM secretion. We therefore propose that T cells must first encounter Ag in conjunction with CD80/86 on APCs. This leads to the stable expression of CD40L and maximal secretion of IL-2, which together render primary T cells competent to activate B cells in an IL-2-dependent fashion.
Exploiting Cyclic Symmetry in Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Many classes of images exhibit rotational symmetry. Convolutional neural networks are sometimes trained using data augmentation to exploit this, but they are still required to learn the rotation equivariance properties from the data. Encoding these properties into the network architecture, as we are already used to doing for translation equivariance by using convolutional layers, could result in a more efficient use of the parameter budget by relieving the model from learning them. We introduce four operations which can be inserted into neural network models as layers, and which can be combined to make these models partially equivariant to rotations. They also enable parameter sharing across different orientations. We evaluate the effect of these architectural modifications on three datasets which exhibit rotational symmetry and demonstrate improved performance with smaller models.
A 6-Gb/s Differential Voltage Mode Driver with Independent Control of Output Impedance and Pre-Emphasis Level (2013)

A 6-Gb/s differential voltage mode driver is presented whose output impedance and pre-emphasis level can be controlled independently. The voltage mode driver consists of five binary-weighted slices each of which has four sub-drivers. The output impedance is controlled by the number of enabled slices while the pre-emphasis level is determined by how many sub-drivers in the enabled slices are driven by post-cursor input. A prototype transmitter with a voltage-mode driver implemented in a 65-nm CMOS logic process consumes 34.8-mW from a 1.2-V power supply and its pre-emphasized output signal shows 165-mVpp,diff and 0.56-UI eye opening at the end of a cable with 10-dB loss at 3-GHz.
Integration in component-based software development using design patterns (2002)

Component based development is promising in improving software development productivity and software quality by reusing existing well tested software components. However, one of the challenges of component based development is how to integrate various components in software systems. An approach is presented to apply design patterns to component integration. This approach uses a formal design pattern representation and a design pattern instantiation technique of automatic generation of component wrapper from design patterns.
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> subverts the sphingomyelinase-mediated plasma membrane repair pathway for cell invasion (2011)

Upon host cell contact, the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi triggers cytosolic Ca(2+) transients that induce exocytosis of lysosomes, a process required for cell invasion. However, the exact mechanism by which lysosomal exocytosis mediates T. cruzi internalization remains unclear. We show that host cell entry by T. cruzi mimics a process of plasma membrane injury and repair that involves Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes, delivery of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, and a rapid form of endocytosis that internalizes membrane lesions. Host cells incubated with T. cruzi trypomastigotes are transiently wounded, show increased levels of endocytosis, and become more susceptible to infection when injured with pore-forming toxins. Inhibition or depletion of lysosomal ASM, which blocks plasma membrane repair, markedly reduces the susceptibility of host cells to T. cruzi invasion. Notably, extracellular addition of sphingomyelinase stimulates host cell endocytosis, enhances T. cruzi invasion, and restores normal invasion levels in ASM-depleted cells. Ceramide, the product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, is detected in newly formed parasitophorous vacuoles containing trypomastigotes but not in the few parasite-containing vacuoles formed in ASM-depleted cells. Thus, T. cruzi subverts the ASM-dependent ceramide-enriched endosomes that function in plasma membrane repair to infect host cells.
Modulation of glomerular endothelin and endothelin receptor gene expression in aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis. (1995)

This study assessed glomerular endothelin (ET)-1, ET-3, and ET-receptor A and B mRNA levels in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis. During the nephrotic stage, 8 days after PAN injection, ET-1 and ETB receptor mRNA were elevated by 2.8 +/- 0.8-fold (P < 0.01) and 2.4 +/- 0.9-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with controls. These mRNA levels decreased to control levels by Day 20, when the nephrosis was in remission. In contrast, glomerular ETA receptor mRNA levels did not change in PAN nephrosis or control rats during the experimental period. ET-3 mRNA was not detected in the glomeruli of PAN nephrosis or control rats. Additionally, plasma ET concentration and glomerular ET production were measured in PAN nephrosis and control rats by radio-immunoassay. Eight days after PAN injection, ET-1 levels in plasma and glomeruli were not significantly altered in rats with PAN-induced nephrosis (glomeruli, 104.68 +/- 16.46 pg/mg of protein versus 98.24 +/- 13.68 pg/mg of protein; plasma, 2.68 +/- 1.10 versus 2.52 +/- 0.98 pg/mL). The administration of methylprednisolone to PAN rats resulted in the rapid disappearance of proteinuria and partially attenuated the increased ET-1 and ETB receptor gene expression in the glomeruli. These data indicate that glomerular ET-1 and ETB receptor expression in PAN nephrosis in increased at the mRNA level and that methylprednisolone treatment results in an attenuated increase.