gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of hepatic hepcidin expression in response to acute iron deprivation is associated with an increase of matriptase-2 protein (2010)

Recent studies demonstrate a pivotal role for bone morphogenic protein-6 (BMP6) and matriptase-2, a protein encoded by the TMPRSS6 gene, in the induction and suppression of hepatic hepcidin expression, respectively. We examined their expression profiles in the liver and showed a predominant localization of BMP6 mRNA in nonparenchymal cells and exclusive expression of TMPRSS6 mRNA in hepatocytes. In rats fed an iron-deficient (ID) diet for 24 hours, the rapid decrease of transferrin saturation from 71% to 24% (control vs ID diet) was associated with a 100-fold decrease in hepcidin mRNA compared with the corresponding controls. These results indicated a close correlation of low transferrin saturation with decreased hepcidin mRNA. The lower phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 detected in the ID rat livers suggests that the suppressed hepcidin expression results from the inhibition of BMP signaling. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed no significant change in either BMP6 or TMPRSS6 mRNA in the liver. However, an increase in matriptase-2 protein in the liver from ID rats was detected, suggesting that suppression of hepcidin expression in response to acute iron deprivation is mediated by an increase in matriptase-2 protein levels.
Parylene neuro-cages for live neural networks study (2004)

Here we present a surface-micromachined Parylene neuro-cage array for the in vitro study of live neural networks. Various types of neuro-cages have been fabricated and several adhesion promotion techniques have been explored. The biocompatibility and mechanical robustness of Parylene neuro-cages have been demonstrated through cell culture experiments. Dissociated neuronal cell bodies have been inserted one to a cage and cultured, allowing neurites to grow out through Parylene channels and form live neural networks. In addition, there is no observable difference between neural growth on Parylene and on oxide surfaces. It is possible to use the same or slightly modified cage structures to accommodate different cells, leading to possible applications of this technology in cell study and drug discovery.
125I-peptide mapping of protein III isolated from four strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1982)

Gonococcal outer-membrane protein I (PI) and PIII were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from reduced and unreduced whole-cell and outer-membrane lysates of four strains of nonpiliated (P-), transparent (O-) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These proteins were radioiodinated and digested with alpha-chymotrypsin. The resultant 125I-peptides were then resolved by high-voltage thin-layer electrophoresis, followed by ascending thin-layer chromatography, and visualized by autoradiography. Results corroborated previous observations regarding the structural relationships of PIs having different apparent subunit molecular weights. All PIIIs had very similar apparent primary structures, regardless of the strain from which they were isolated, the source (i.e., whole cells or outer membranes), or the reduction state of the sodium dodecyl sulfate lysates. By the techniques used, it appeared that PIII is structurally similar in all of the gonococcal strains studied, even though each strain had structurally unique PIs.
Static timing analysis of real-time systems (1995)

The approach we propose consists in describing a real-time system with a timed extension of a synchronous language. The formal semantics of the language describes how programs can be translated into a wide class of models, usually labeled transition systems, but whose labels can range from pure boolean information to complex assignements to real-valued variables. In particular, Timed Graphs [ACD90] may be obtained. We then use a tool which implements a symbolic modelchecking algorithm for TCTL [ACD90] properties of Timed Graphs. We illustrate the approach with an example taken from robotics. Several real-time tasks are involved in a synchronization scheme, sending and receiving messages, according to various protocols. They are periodically re-activated by an external controller, and should not be re-activated if they are still communicating with each other. We show how to statically determine whether a particular choice of the re-activation delays would allow a deadlock.
A model for stress-induced metal notching and voiding in very large-scale-integrated Al–Si (1%) metallization (1987)

The kinetics of stress-induced notching and voiding in very large-scale-integrated circuit Al–Si metallization have been investigated. A generalized time-to-failure model has been developed and an activation energy of 0.4 eV has been observed for the mechanism. The stress state of the passivation overcoat has been found to have a major impact on the notching and voiding tendency of the fine-grain metal.
Diet Therapy With Diacylglycerol Oil Delays the Progression of Renal Failure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Nephropathy (2006)

Diet therapy for diabetic nephropathy is important in preventing the progression of renal failure by controlling hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity (1,2). Edible oil containing mainly diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, compared with conventional triacylglycerol oil, has been reported to possess unique nutritional properties with respect to serum lipids and body fat metabolism (3–6). We previously reported that a 3-month intake of DAG oil significantly reduced fasting serum triglycerides in subjects of type 2 diabetes with hypertriglyceridemia (7).

In the present study, we conducted a further clinical study for 6 months with an additional 3-year follow-up period to investigate the long-term effects of DAG oil in dietary therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.

The subjects were 15 outpatients (aged 47–77 years) at the Itami City Hospital who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in stage IIIb (macroalbuminuric stage with renal dysfunction; n = 2) and stage IV (renal failure stage; n = 13) according to the classification of diabetic nephropathy (Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan) (8) who were receiving nutritional counseling for 13 months on average. The duration of diabetes was 18.2 ± 7.8 (range 5–28) years. Subjects were fully …
Curved nanostructured materials (2003)

Graphite is a layered material that is very flexible, in which each layer is able to curve in order to form cages, nanotubes, nanocoils, nanocones, etc. In this paper, we demonstrate that various synthetic routes are capable of producing graphite-like nanomaterials with fascinating electronic and mechanical properties. There are other layered systems, which could curl and bend, thus generating novel nanostructures with positive and negative Gaussian curvature. In this context, we will also demonstrate that hexagonal boron nitride, tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and rhenium disulfide (ReS2) are also able to create nanocages, nanotubes and nano-arrangements exhibiting novel physico-chemical properties that could revolutionize materials science in the 21st century.
Anodic etching of <i>p</i>-type silicon as a method for discriminating electrically active and inactive defects (1980)

Anodic etching of defects in p-type Si can be achieved at small applied voltages with dilute HF as electrolyte. The etching behavior of defects is strongly voltage dependent. At very small voltages only electrically active defects are etched; this is shown by comparison to EBIC. At higher voltages all defects are etched. The method provides a unique tool for investigating geometrical, structural, and electronic properties of defects in a simple way and offers considerable advantages over conventional techniques.
A compact magnetic suspension with only one axis control (1994)

An original type of magnetic suspension, which is compact and well adapted to high speed rotation is discussed. This suspension is based on a permanent radial bearing, which allows radial and angular stability simultaneously. Axial stability is reached thanks to a unidirectional active axial bearing. This suspension operates with a plane air gap and is well adapted to the levitation of flat rotors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spheroidisation of iron powder in a microwave plasma reactor (2016)

Plasma-assisted spheroidisation of metal powders offers several technical\nadvantages with respect to both the ease of materials handling and\npowder-metallurgical item manufacturing. Advantages include improved\nflowability, increased powder packing density, elimination of internal\ncomponent cavities and fractures, changes in morphology resulting in\ndecreased friction between particles and contamination during pneumatic\ntransport and enhanced particle purity. In this empirical study, spherical\niron particles were produced using a microwave plasma operating at\natmospheric pressure and characterized using optical microscopy and SEM\ntechniques. Iron powders were fed into the system at fixed operating\nconditions, resulting in particles with spherical structures. The theoretical\nestimate of the time required for melting to occur is 1.6 ms, an order of\nmagnitude smaller than the actual residence time.
Noninvasive Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging of <i>in Vivo</i> Premature Drug Release from Polymeric Nanoparticles (2013)

Understanding in vivo drug release kinetics is critical for the development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems. In this study, we developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging approach to noninvasively monitor in vitro and in vivo cargo release from polymeric nanoparticles. The FRET donor dye (DiO or DiD) and acceptor dye (DiI or DiR) were individually encapsulated into poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-PS) nanoparticles. When DiO (donor) nanoparticles and DiI (acceptor) nanoparticles were coincubated with cancer cells for 2 h, increased FRET signals were observed from cell membranes, suggesting rapid release of DiO and DiI to cell membranes. Similarly, increased FRET ratios were detected in nude mice after intravenous coadministration of DiD (donor) nanoparticles and DiR (acceptor) nanoparticles. In contrast, another group of nude mice i.v. administrated with DiD/DiR coloaded nanoparticles showed decreased FRET ratios. Based on the difference in FRET ratios between the two groups, in vivo DiD/DiR release half-life from PEO-PS nanoparticles was determined to be 9.2 min. In addition, it was observed that the presence of cell membranes facilitated burst release of lipophilic cargos while incorporation of oleic acid-coated iron oxide into PEO-PS nanoparticles slowed the release of DiD/DiR to cell membranes. The developed in vitro and in vivo FRET imaging techniques can be used to screening stable nanoformulations for lipophilic drug delivery.
Determinants of the Hierarchy of Humoral Immune Responsiveness During Ontogeny (1975)

Abstract A model system of ontogeny was utilized to investigate the development of humoral immunity in both AKR and BALB/c mice. Lethally irradiated adult mice were reconstituted with syngeneic fetal or neonatal liver. These mice were immunized at various times after reconstitution with a series of eight antigens: the bacteriophages F2, øX-174, and T4; the hapten carrier complexes 2,4 dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin and fluorescein-bovine serum albumin; and the small proteins: hen egg lysozyme, sperm whale myoglobin, and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. Subsequent antibody production to the antigens was assayed with either a direct or a modified bacteriophage neutralization technique. Individual mice responded to the various antigens in a sequential pattern which was basically the same for all mice within each strain. However, there was a marked difference between the two strains in the time at which they developed responsiveness to myoglobin. In order to begin to delineate the separate roles played by B and T cells in the generation of this hierarchical response pattern during ontogeny, the development of anti-DNP and anti-FTC activity was examined in carrier-primed mice. Results of this experiment indicated that functional B cell specificities for the two haptens arise at different times during ontogeny. Further studies are needed to determine whether the hierarchical pattern of immune responsiveness observed for the other antigens is a function of sequential appearance of B cell specificities, T cell specificities, or both.
Conditions altering plasma concentrations of urea cycle and other amino acids in elderly human subjects. (1996)

It is concluded that: 1) From fasting plasma samples, 1 or 2 sampling days are sufficient to establish a characteristic concentration for most plasma amino acids. 2) Fasting amino acid concentrations do not reflect levels of dietary protein intake when dietary amino acid composition is similar. Shifts in fasting amino acid concentrations would be more indicative of changes in relative amounts of amino acids absorbed rather than level of dietary protein per se. 3) Totals of fasting plasma concentrations of arginine, citrulline and ornithine were relatively constant, but fluctuations occurred in the ratio of ornithine to arginine in the different populations; and 4) Patients with Alzheimers disease exhibited altered plasma ornithine and arginine concentrations relative to active or sedentary controls.
Therapeutic effect of cisapride on gastric injury following hemorrhagic shock resuscitation in rats. (2005)

After hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, cisapride contained the following functions, 1) promoting gastric emptying, 2) increasing the blood flow of gastric blood flow volume and gastric pHi, 3) depressing the lactic acid concentration of the portal vein and improving MDA volume and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gastric mucosa. It suggests that after complementing effective circulating blood volume for hemorrhagic shock resuscitation, early use of cisapride for gastric motility is helpful for an improvement of lasting ischemia and hypoxia in stomach.
Dietary Calcium Exchangeability and Bioavailability (1985)

Use of the in vitro digestion procedure for estimating dietary calcium exchange with an extrinsic isotope should facilitate in vivo absorption studies using the "extrinsic tag" technique. Only a peptic digestion stage is required for exchangeability measurement. Attempts to extend use of the the procedure to measure parameters of bioavailability by including a pancreatic digestion stage were partly successful. In vitro digestion permits study of the chemistry of food calcium under standardized digestion conditions. Investigations discussed include the effects of varying pH, bile salts, enzymes and food substrates on calcium solubility; and post-digestion fractionation of calcium complexes. Before bioavailability per se is estimated in vitro, more direct comparisons between in vivo and in vitro measurements are needed.
Phenanthro[1,10-cd:8,9-c′d′]bis[1,2]-dithiole and -diselenole as novel electron donors (1992)

K. Takimiya, A. Ohnishi, Y. Aso, T. Otsubo and F. Ogura, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 278 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000278
Spring-Hard Precious Metal Alloys with Good Tarnishing Behavior for Electrical Contacts (1978)

New gold- and silver-palladium-base contact alloys as well as special multicomponent alloys are reported. The physical and mechanical data for these alloys and the first results on the behavior of the contact resistance in different test atmospheres appear to make them well suited for applications in practice. For comparison, data for other familiar contact alloys are also presented.
Emotion Sensors Go To School (2009)

This paper describes the use of sensors in intelligent tutors to detect students' affective states and to embed emotional support. Using four sensors in two classroom experiments the tutor dynamically collected data streams of physiological activity and students' self-reports of emotions. Evidence indicates that state-based fluctuating student emotions are related to larger, longer-term affective variables such as self-concept in mathematics. Students produced self-reports of emotions and models were created to automatically infer these emotions from physiological data from the sensors. Summaries of student physiological activity, in particular data streams from facial detection software, helped to predict more than 60% of the variance of students emotional states, which is much better than predicting emotions from other contextual variables from the tutor, when these sensors are absent. This research also provides evidence that by modifying the &ldquo;context&rdquo; of the tutoring system we may well be able to optimize students' emotion reports and in turn improve math attitudes.
Proteomic analysis of <i>stratum corneum</i> in Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphomas and psoriasis (2019)

Stratum corneum collected by tape stripping from 10 and 24 subjects with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) or psoriasis, respectively, were compared using quantitative label-free mass spectrometry analysis. A non-supervised statistical analysis (Posneg NMF) based on 352 differentially expressed proteins in both CTCL and psoriasis samples was able to separate the two disease groups and finally able to identify a set of 112 proteins that contributed most and significantly to the separation when compared to non-lesional samples. In addition, Luminex assay revealed that the increase in the amount of chemokines related to the inflammatory response, and immune cell infiltration and recruitment in lesional stratum corneum in CTCL, including CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL27, TNF and sICAM-1 was in agreement with published data on entire skin biopsies. Proteome analysis using quantitative methods including mass spectrometry and Luminex technology offered the possibility to investigate the relevant protein signature in CTCL and may be helpful to diagnose and investigate the efficacy of treatments in clinical investigations using non-invasive methods in future.
A Study of Process Interactions between Cell Disruption and Debris Clarification Stages in the Recovery of Yeast Intracellular Products (1993)

The effects of varying the levels of cell disruption achieved by high-pressure homogenization upon subsequent centrifugal separation of cell debris have been defined by measuring sedimentation velocity distributions of the cell debris. Using this data together with particle size distributions, a computer-based model of a disk stack centrifuge has been used to predict the efficiency of centrifugal separation. These predictions have been compared with both laboratory scale and pilot plant scale experimental results. A similar sedimentation velocity technique has been used to characterize the properties of the flocs formed by addition of poly(ethylene imine) to a borax-clarified homogenate supernatant. The variations of floc settling properties with respect to polymer concentration are defined.
Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes Form Tough, Self‐Healing, and Rebuildable Hydrogels (2015)

A series of tough polyion complex hydrogels is synthesized by sequential homopolymerization of cationic and anionic monomers. Owing to the reversible interpolymer ionic bonding, the materials are self-healable under ambient conditions with the aid of saline solution. Furthermore, self-glued bulk hydrogels can be built from their microgels, which is promising for 3D/4D printing and the additive manufacturing of hydrogels.
A Genetic Linkage Study of the D<sub>2</sub>Dopamine Receptor Locus in Heavy Drinking and Alcoholism (1996)

The results do not support linkage between the DRD2 locus and alcoholism in most of the families studied. It remains possible that this locus influences the predisposition to alcoholism in some families.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Retrograde Nephrostomy Access: A Forgotten Technique Revisited (2012)

The retrograde technique to establish a percutaneous nephrostomy tract for percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective with stone clearance and complication rates comparable to those of antegrade access.
Verwirrendes Marktpotential (2002)

Wachstum-und Profitabilitätsstrategien lassen sich schlecht verschmelzen. Nur wenig Firmen beherrschen die seltene Kunst des nachhaltigen und profitablen Wachstums. Vor allem in Zeiten von stark fluktuierenden Währungsunterschieden werden klare währungsneutrale Analysen gefordert. Für „Start-ups“ ist ein nachhaltig profitables Wachstum noch Zukunftsmusik.
VELOCITIES AND INTERNAL FRICTION OF DISLOCATIONS IN III-V COMPOUNDS (1979)

Direct measurements of dislocation velocities in III-V compounds show that the velocity of β-dislocation is greatly affected by donor impurities and much smaller than that of α-dislocation. Comparison with the screw dislocation velocity leads to the conclusion that in n-type crystal 30° β-dislocation has the slowest mobility.
Studies on the Inhibition of Fetal Androgen Formation. Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis in Rat and Rabbit Fetal Testes with Observations on Reproductive Tract Development (1971)

Groups of pregnant rats were injected with 2α-cyano-4,4,17α-trimethyl-17p-hydroxyandrost- 5-en-3-one (WIN) at varying dosage and frequency. Injections of 120-240 mg/kg body wt resulted in male fetuses with markedly reduced anogenital distances and hypospadias, but with unaffected differentiation of the reproductive ducts and of the urogenital sinus. Fetuses of rats injected with WIN or corn oil (control) at 14.5 to 16.5 days post coitum were examined on day 20.5 for testicular in vitro metabolism of 4-14C-pregnenolone and of 4-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone. Control testes converted each substrate primarily to 14C-testosterone and 14C-androstenedione. WIN-exposed testes synthesized markedly diminished amounts of 14C-testosterone and 11Candrostenedione, but accumulated Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroids: 14C-17α-hydroxypregnenolone,14Cdehydroepiandrosterone, plus residual substrate from 4-14C-pregnenolone, and 14C-androstenediol and residual substrate from 4-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone. Fetal testes of both the control and WIN groups converted 7-3H-testosterone to 3Handrostenedione in comparable amounts and as the only metabolite. Injection of WIN into rat fetuses at 15.5 days of gestation led to a high rate of resorption, diminished testicular conversion of 4-14C-pregnenolone to 14C-testosterone, reduced anogenital distances, and, in 2 fetuses, lack of prostatic and seminal vesicle bud development. The data, in substantial agreement with and an extension of Goldman's findings (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med121: 757, 1966), demonstrate inhibition of testicular Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and of the development of the external genitalia following WIN injections, but unimpaired 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and genital duct development. It is suggested that factors other than testicular testosterone (e.g., testicular dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenediol) participate in wolffian duct stabilization in the genetic male. WIN, administered to rats 10.5 and 13.5 days pregnant, reduced 14C-progesterone formation from 4-14Cpregnenolone by 11.5-day-old rat embryos or 14.5-day-old rat testes. Thus, rat embryos prior to gonadal or adrenal organization exhibit Δ5-3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Treatment of pregnant rabbits with WIN equivocally influenced 4-14C-pregnenolone metabolism in testes of 26-day-old fetuses, but SU-8000 [3-(6-chloro-3-methyl-2-indenyl) pyridine] administration depressed the formation of 14C-testosterone, 14C-androstenedione, 14C-androstenediol and 14C-17α,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. 14C-progesterone and 14C-pregnenolone accumulated in larger amounts; reproductive tract development was not affected. Our results combined with those of others suggest that SU-8000 inhibits several enzymes active in steroid synthesis. (Endocrinology89: 16, 1971)