gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DFT Studies on the Copolymerization of α-Olefins with Polar Monomers:  Comonomer Binding by Nickel- and Palladium-Based Catalysts with Brookhart and Grubbs Ligands (2001)

Gradient-corrected density functional theory has been used to study the polar monomer binding mode in complexes with Ni- and Pd-based Brookhart-diimine (cationic) and Grubbs-salicylaldiminato (neutral) catalysts. Methyl acrylate and vinyl acrylate, as well as their fluorinated derivatives, have been studied as the comonomers in the copolymerization with α-olefins. Two binding modes have been considered: the π-complexes in which a polar monomer is bound by its olefinic functionality, and the O-complexes with a monomer bound by its carbonyl oxygen. The role of the electronic and the steric effects has been investigated, by considering the simplified (generic) models and the examples of the real catalysts. An energy decomposition of the contributions to the binding energies has been performed. The results show that for the Pd-based Brookhart system (active copolymerization catalyst) the π-complex is preferred, while for its Ni analogue (inactive) the O-complex is more stable. Further, the difference between Ni- and Pd-systems has mainly a steric (electrostatic + Pauli repulsion) origin: there is practically no difference in the orbital-interaction contribution to the binding energy between Ni- and Pd-based systems, as far as a comparison between the two binding modes is concerned. For the fluorinated monomers, the preference of the O-complex is decreased or reversed. However, the binding energies of both the π- and O-complexes are affected. In the complexes with Grubbs catalyst the π-complexes are strongly preferred for both the Ni- and Pd-based systems. The presence of bulky substituents on the catalysts results in a decrease in the binding energies of both the π- and O-complexes; the preference of the binding mode is not affected. Finally, the relative binding constants of the ethylene, propylene, and acrylate in the complexes involving the real Pd-Brookhart system agree with the experimental data for a similar catalyst: the ethylene complexes are most stable, followed by those of propylene and acrylate.
Fracture Prediction for the Proximal Femur Using Finite Element Models: Part I—Linear Analysis (1991)

In Part I we reported the results of linear finite element models of the proximal femur generated using geometric and constitutive data collected with quantitative computed tomography. These models demonstrated excellent agreement with in vitro studies when used to predict ultimate failure loads. In Part II, we report our extension of those finite element models to include nonlinear behavior of the trabecular and cortical bone. A highly nonlinear material law, originally designed for representing concrete, was used for trabecular bone, while a bilinear material law was used for cortical bone. We found excellent agreement between the model predictions and in vitro fracture data for both the onset of bone yielding and bone fracture. For bone yielding, the model predictions were within 2 percent for a load which simulated one-legged stance and 1 percent for a load which simulated a fall. For bone fracture, the model predictions were within 1 percent and 17 percent, respectively. The models also demonstrated different fracture mechanisms for the two different loading configurations. For one-legged stance, failure within the primary compressive trabeculae at the subcapital region occurred first, leading to load transfer and, ultimately, failure of the surrounding cortical shell. However, for a fall, failure of the cortical and trabecular bone occurred simultaneously within the intertrochanteric region. These results support our previous findings that the strength of the subcapital region is primarily due to trabecular bone whereas the strength of the intertrochanteric region is primarily due to cortical bone.
Twitter n-gram corpus with demographic metadata (2013)

Social media is a natural laboratory for linguistic and sociological purposes. In micro-blogging platforms such as Twitter, people share hundreds of millions of short messages about their lives and experiences on a daily basis. These messages, coupled with metadata about their authors, provide an opportunity to understand a wide variety of phenomena ranging from political polarization to geographic and demographic lexical variation. Lack of publicly available micro-blogging datasets has been a hindrance to replicable research. In this paper, I introduce Rovereto Twitter n-gram corpus, a publicly available n-gram dataset of Twitter messages, which contains gender-of-the-author and time-of-posting tags associated with the n-grams. I compare this dataset to a more traditional web-based corpus and present a case study which shows the potential of combining an n-gram corpus with demographic metadata.
Increased glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 expression reduces visceral nociceptive response in mice (2008)

Visceral hypersensitivity is the leading complaint of functional bowel disorders. Central sensitization mediated by glutamate receptor activation is implicated in pathophysiology of visceral pain. The glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 is the principal mediator of glutamate clearance to terminate glutamate-mediated responses. Transgenic mice overexpressing human EAAT2 (EAAT2 mice), which exhibited a twofold enhanced glutamate uptake, showed 39% less writhing response to intraperitoneal acetic acid than nontransgenic littermates. Moreover, EAAT2 transgenic mice showed a 53-64% reduction in visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) in assessments of the response to graded increase in pressures. Corroborating the involvement of enhanced glutamate uptake, wild-type mice treated for 1 wk with ceftriaxone, an EAAT2 expression activator, showed a 49-70% reduction in VMR to CRD. Moreover, systemic pretreatment with the selective EAAT2 transporter blocker dihydrokainate reversed the ceftriaxone-blunted nociceptive response to CRD. However, the enhanced VMR to CRD produced by intracolonic ethanol was not significantly attenuated by 1-wk ceftriaxone pretreatment. The data suggest that enhanced glutamate uptake provides protective effects against colonic distension-induced nociception and represents an exciting new mechanistic approach leading to better therapeutic options to visceral pain disorders.
The induced prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> pathway is a key regulator of the respiratory response to infection and hypoxia in neonates (2007)

Infection during the neonatal period commonly induces apnea episodes, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta may serve as a critical mediator between these events. To determine the mechanism by which IL-1beta depresses respiration, we examined a prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-dependent pathway in newborn mice and human neonates. IL-1beta and transient anoxia rapidly induced brainstem-specific microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) activity in neonatal mice. Furthermore, IL-1beta reduced respiratory frequency during hyperoxia and depressed hypoxic gasping and autoresuscitation in mPGES-1 wild-type mice, but not in mPGES-1 knockout mice. In wild-type mice, PGE(2) induced apnea and irregular breathing patterns in vivo and inhibited brainstem respiratory rhythm generation in vitro. Mice lacking the EP3 receptor (EP3R) for PGE(2) exhibited fewer apneas and sustained brainstem respiratory activity, demonstrating that PGE(2) exerts its respiratory effects via EP3R. In human neonates, the infectious marker C-reactive protein was correlated with elevated PGE(2) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and elevated central PGE(2) was associated with an increased apnea frequency. We conclude that IL-1beta adversely affects breathing and its control by mPGES-1 activation and PGE(2) binding to brainstem EP3 receptors, resulting in increased apnea frequency and hypoxia-induced mortality.
Mycobacterial proliferation in macrophages is prevented by incubation with lymphocytes activated <i>in vitro</i> with a mycobacterial antigen complex (1991)

Antigen A60 from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin was shown to trigger both humoral and cellular immune reactions. We explored the ability of A60 to block intracellular proliferation of phagocytosed mycobacteria with a model system involving peritoneal murine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium. Mixed lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice inoculated with A60 hindered intracellular proliferation of this mycobacterium, owing to A60-specific cells, proliferation of which was induced in vitro in an antigen concentration-dependent manner. The lymphokines released by A60-stimulated T lymphocytes in vitro were identified as interleukin 2 (IL2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma): their production showed a clear A60 dose dependence. When supernatants of such induced lymphocyte cultures were incubated with anti-IFN-gamma antibodies, macrophage activation was prevented, whereas anti-IL 2 immunoglobulin had little effect. Treatment of infected macrophages with recombinant IFN-gamma reduced intracellular proliferation of mycobacteria, while exogenous IL 2 and tumor necrosis factor were ineffective. Therefore, A60 elicits in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes responding specifically to this antigen with production of IFN-gamma, which in turn activates macrophages and prevents multiplication of phagocytosed mycobacteria.
Experimental evaluation of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle for water quality and greenhouse gas emission monitoring (2010)

This paper describes the experimental evaluation of a novel Autonomous Surface Vehicle capable of navigating complex inland water reservoirs and measuring a range of water quality properties and greenhouse gas emissions. The 16 ft long solar powered catamaran is capable of collecting water column profiles whilst in motion. It is also directly integrated with a reservoir scale floating sensor network to allow remote mission uploads, data download and adaptive sampling strategies. This paper describes the onboard vehicle navigation and control algorithms as well as obstacle avoidance strategies. Experimental results are shown demonstrating its ability to maintain track and avoid obstacles on a variety of large-scale missions and under differing weather conditions, as well as its ability to continuously collect various water quality parameters complimenting traditional manual monitoring campaigns.
Non-linear observer-based fault detection (1994)

This communication deals with the problem of designing a nonlinear observer in order to achieve fault detection and localization for a wide class of nonlinear systems subjected to bounded nonlinearities. A dedicated nonlinear observer scheme (DNOS) for fault detection and identification in reconstructible systems is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of Human Cytomegalovirus Morphogenesis by Electron Microscopy Using High-Pressure Freezing and Freeze-Substitution (2007)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Mining association rules: anti-skew algorithms (2002)

Mining association rules among items in a large database has been recognized as one of the most important data mining problems. All proposed approaches for this problem require scanning the entire database at least or almost twice in the worst case. We propose several techniques which overcome the problem of data skew in the basket data. These techniques reduce the maximum number of scans to less than 2, and in most cases find all association rules in about 1 scan. Our algorithms employ prior knowledge collected during the mining process and/or via sampling, to further reduce the number of candidate itemsets and identify false candidate itemsets at an earlier stage.
Severe right ventricular failure after Mustard or Senning operation. Two-stage repair: pulmonary artery banding and switch. (1986)

Since early 1981 I have been banding the pulmonary arteries of patients in whom severe right ventricular dysfunction has developed after atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries. The purpose of banding is to "retrain" the left ventricle. Of the four patients so treated, two developed adequate left ventricular pressures and have successfully undergone an arterial switch and takedown of the atrial repair. The early results are impressive. Right ventricular function has returned to normal in both patients and tricuspid valve regurgitation has resolved. In one patient moderate aortic valve regurgitation also appears to have largely resolved.
The effect of plastic deformation on the thermoluminescence of LiF (TLD-100) single crystals (1973)

The thermoluminescent properties of LiF (TLD-100) have been investigated as a function of plastic deformation. Without exposure to ionizing radiation, plastic deformation up to fracture does not induce a thermoluminescent response. After subsequent exposure to ionizing radiation, the intensity of the thermoluminescent glow peaks decreases with the amount of plastic deformation. This is explained in terms of a relative decrease in the concentration of free dipoles and low-order dipole complexes which act as trapping centres for peaks 2 and 5. This decrease is a result of an interaction of these defect structures with the dislocations introduced during deformation.
A Role for Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Protection Against Gastric Ulceration (1994)

These data support the hypothesis that CGRP released from gastric enteric neurons mediates gastric mucosal resistance to ulceration by noxious agents.
Efficient initial approximation and fast converging methods for division and square root (2002)

Efficient initial approximations and fast converging algorithms are important to achieve the desired precision faster at lower hardware cost in multiplicative division and square root. In this paper, a new initial approximation method for division, an accelerated higher order converging division algorithm, and a new square root algorithm are proposed. They are all suitable for implementation on an arithmetic unit where one multiply-accumulate operation, can be executed in one cycle. In the case of division, the combination of our initial approximation method and our converging algorithm, enables a single iteration of the converging algorithm to produce double-precision quotients. Our new square root algorithm can form, double-precision square roots faster using smaller look-up tables than the Newton-Raphson method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tool Wear and Tool Life (1989)

Abstract Cutting tool wear is a production management problem for manufacturing industries. It occurs along the cutting edge and on adjacent surfaces. This article describes steady-state wear mechanisms, tertiary wear mechanisms, and tool replacement. It provides information on tool failure and its consequences. The article details the modeling of tool wear by using the Taylor's tool life equation. The article concludes with information on the requirements of a successful tool life testing program: the test plan objective, designing the test, conducting the test, analyzing the results, and applying the results.
A case study on hardware/software partitioning (2002)

We present an analysis of a fully automatic method to accelerate standard software in C or C++ by use of field programmable gate arrays. Traditional compiler techniques are applied to the hardware/software partitioning problem and a compiler is linked to state of the art hardware synthesis tools. Time critical regions are identified by means of profiling and are automatically implemented in user programmable logic with high level and logic synthesis design tools. The underlying architecture is an add-on board with user programmable logic connected to a Spare based workstation via the system bus. We present an analysis and case study of this method. Eight programs are used as test cases and the data collected by applying this method to programs is used to discuss potentials and limitations of this and similar methods. We discuss architectural parameters, programming language properties, and analysis techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proteome Analysis of Secreted Proteins of the Gastric Pathogen <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2002)

Secreted proteins (the secretome) of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori may mediate important pathogen-host interactions, but such proteins are technically difficult to analyze. Here, we report on a comprehensive secretome analysis that uses protein-free culture conditions to minimize autolysis, an efficient recovery method for extracellular proteins, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by peptide mass fingerprinting for protein resolution and identification. Twenty-six of the 33 separated secreted proteins were identified. Among them were six putative oxidoreductases that may be involved in the modification of protein-disulfide bonds, three flagellar proteins, three defined fragments of the vacuolating toxin VacA, the serine protease HtrA, and eight proteins of unknown function. A cleavage site for the amino-terminal passenger domain of VacA between amino acids 991 and 992 was determined by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry. Several of the secreted proteins are interesting targets for antimicrobial chemotherapy and vaccine development.
Visual tracking by partition-based histogram backprojection and maximum support criteria (2011)

Histogram-based mean-shift is an efficient tool for visual object tracking. However, it often fails to locate a target object correctly in complex environment especially when the background contains similar colors with the object. In this paper, we present a novel visual tracking method that combines advantages of real-time performance of the mean-shift and exact localization of template matching and is robust to background changes, partial occlusions, and pose changes. The proposed method uses a partition-based object model represented by multiple patch histograms. The method first estimates the densities of the object pixels by histogram backprojection of each patch histogram, which gives a set of patch-wise density estimates. A target object is then located by pixel-wise evaluation of the maximum likelihood which is computed by the sum of the densities of the object pixels within target candidate. The suggested localization criteria overcomes many problems of the conventional mean-shift and gives significant improvement of tracking performance. The proposed tracker is very fast and the tracking accuracy is comparable to recent state-of-the-art trackers. The experiment on extensive challenging video sequences confirms the efficiency of our method.
Control strategies in HTN planning: theory versus practice (1998)

AI planning techniques are beginning to find use in a number of practical planning domains. However, the backward-chaining and partial-order-planning control strategies traditionally used in AI planning systems are not necessarily the best ones to use for practical planning problems. In this paper, we discuss some of the difficulties that can result from the use of backward chaining and partial-order planning, and we describe how these difficulties can be overcome by adapting Hierarchical Task-Network (HTN) planning to use a total-order control strategy that generates the steps of a plan in the same order that those steps will be executed. We also examine how introducing the total-order restriction into HTN planning affects its expressive power, and propose a way to relax the total-order restriction to increase its expressive power and range of applicability.
Equalization of Synaptic Efficacy by Activity- and Timing-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity (2004)

In many neurons, synapses increase in strength as a function of distance from the soma in a manner that appears to compensate for dendritic attenuation. This phenomenon requires a cooperative interaction between local factors that control synaptic strength, such as receptor density and vesicle release probability, and global factors that affect synaptic efficacy, such as attenuation and boosting by active membrane conductances. Anti-spike-timing-dependent plasticity, in combination with nonassociative synaptic potentiation, can accomplish this feat even though it acts locally and independently at individual synapses. Analytic computations and computer simulations show that this combination of synaptic plasticity mechanisms equalizes the efficacy of synapses over an extended dendritic cable by adjusting local synaptic strengths to compensate for global attenuation.
SOME REACTIONS OF ORGANOALUMINUM COMPOUNDS WITH NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASES (1963)

The reactions of Me 3 Al with Me 2 NNMe 2 and Me 2 NCH 2 NMe 2 have yielded complexes whose n.m.r. spectra suggest cyclic structures. They have the formulas Me 3 Al:Me 2 NNMe 2 and Me 3 Al:Me 2 NCH 2 NMe 2 respectively. Me 3 Al reacts with Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 to form a complex with a linear structure and the formula Me 3 Al:Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 :AlMe 3 .The reactions of H 3 Al:NMe 3 with several methyl hydrazines have yielded the following compounds: [—Al(HNNHMe)NHNMe—] n , [—HAlNNMe 2 —] n , H 2 Al—NHNEt 2 , [(—HAlNNEt 2 —):NMe 3 ] n , and H 2 Al—NMe 2 . No reaction occurred between H 3 Al·(Et 2 O) n and tetramethylhydrazine and the reaction of 3 moles of H 2 NNMe 2 with 1 mole of H 3 Al:NMe 3 yielded a compound for which no structural formula could be assigned, but which had emperical formula C 4 H 15 N 5 Al.
Slurry flows in metallurgical process engineering – Development of tools and guidelines (2014)

Slurry flows are very important for metallurgical process engineering. They are one of the principal methods for material transport in minerals processing plants and thus their accurate engineering is of paramount importance. \n\nThis work explains the physical properties of slurries and discusses the differences between settling and non-settling slurries, with main focus being given to settling slurries. The work focuses on transportation of slurries in pipes using centrifugal pumps in short to medium distance that are common inside minerals processing plants. The object is to discuss the subject from a practical perspective, aiming to help process and design engineers who are tasked with designing slurry systems. \n\nA spreadsheet calculation tool was developed. The tool can be used for sizing of pipes and pumps handling settling slurries. The tool calculates critical deposition velocities that need to be achieved in pipe transport to prevent particle settling and pipe blockages. The tool also calculates extra pressure losses caused by the solid particles. The results of the calculation tool are integrated in to a pump data sheet that can be used for the inquiry of pumps. Additionally, a set of design guidelines was developed based on investigated material and personnel interviews. These guidelines give the reader an introduction to slurry transport design and help indentify points that need to be taken into account when designing slurry systems. Both the calculation tool and design guidelines were then applied into a practical case example. \n\nIt was found that the existing calculation methods for critical deposition velocity and pressure losses are adequate, but limited in accuracy. Most significant problem with designing slurry systems is not actually the limitations of the available calculation methods, but rather the very limited information available of the material that is being handled. To further improve the accuracy of design, data collection methods from real cases need to be improved.