gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of AC Ion Current from Ionizer by Using Faraday Cage (2007)

AC ionizer with high frequency became more common in semiconductor industries. Neutralization mechanism of such equipment is, however, not well understood because the measurement of extremely small ion current is interfered by AC induction. Our attempt is to use the Faraday cage that is directly connected to an AC ionizer. At frequencies of 1 Hz and 10 Hz, clear pulse shape ion currents were measured. The amounts of transported charges increase with both applied voltage and pressure. The effect of pressure is more significant than voltage. At higher frequency, the measured current changes from pulse to sinusoidal shape. From the delay time of 1 kHz, the average air velocity between the needle and Faraday cage was calculated. From DC corona measurement inside the nozzle, it became clear that the portion of transported charge to the Faraday cage is quite small.
Tuning the Band Gap of Low-Band-Gap Polyselenophenes and Polythiophenes: The Effect of the Heteroatom (2011)

A series of new low-band-gap thieno- or selenolo-fused polyselenophenes (P5 and P6) and selenolo-fused polythiophene (P4) (as well as previously reported thieno-fused polythiophene, P3) was prepared systematically by electropolymerization (P4−P6) and by solid-state polymerization (P3, P5 and P6). The 2,5-dibrominated monomers (3Br2, 5Br2, and 6Br2) undergo solid-state polymerization under slight heating and produce insoluble P3, P5, and P6 as black conducting powders. The spectroelectrochemically measured optical band gaps of P4−P6 films are 0.96, 0.72, and 0.76 eV, respectively. DFT calculations performed on P3−P6 provide excellent estimations of the experimental band gaps of these polymers. The band gap of the polyselenophenes (P5 and P6) is 0.2 eV lower than that of the corresponding polythiophenes (P3 and P4). We introduced a new scheme for band gap control in conjugated polymers by replacing the sulfur atom with a selenium atom in the main and/or peripheral ring, which leads to significant and predictable changes in the band gap of the polymers. This is due to the lower aromaticity of a selenophene ring compared to a thiophene ring. Thus, we have achieved band gap control in very low band gap (∼0.7−1.0 eV) polymers through the use of different combinations of selenium and sulfur atoms in the main and peripheral rings.
Soluble and volatile yttrium and copper alkoxo-acetylacetonato derivatives: synthesis and crystal structure of Y3(.mu.3,.eta.2-OC2H4OMe)2(.mu.2,.eta.2-OC2H4OMe)2(.mu.2,.eta.1-OC2H4OMe)(acac)4 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSoluble and volatile yttrium and copper alkoxo-acetylacetonato derivatives: synthesis and crystal structure of Y3(.mu.3,.eta.2-OC2H4OMe)2(.mu.2,.eta.2-OC2H4OMe)2(.mu.2,.eta.1-OC2H4OMe)(acac)4O. Poncelet, L. G. Hubert-Pfalzgraf, and J. C. DaranCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 16, 2883–2885Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00341a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00341a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Repertorio Bibliográfico de los Archivos Mexicanos y de las Colecciones Diplomáticas fundamentales para la Historia de México. By Agustín Millares Carlo and José Ignacio Mantecón. [Publicaciones del Instituto de Historia, no. 6.] (Mexico: Imprenta Aldina, 1948. Pp. xv, 186.) (1950)

Repertorio Bibliográfico de los Archivos Mexicanos y de las Colecciones Diplomáticas fundamentales para la Historia de México. By Agustín Millares Carlo and José Ignacio Mantecón. [Publicaciones del Instituto de Historia, no. 6.] (Mexico: Imprenta Aldina, 1948. Pp. xv, 186.) - Volume 6 Issue 3
Characterization of Pb-Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high-Tc phase. (1988)

The preparation and characterization of Pb0.18Bi0.93Ca1.02Sr1.02Cu1.6Ox, a lead-rich high-Tc phase, were studied (T(ρ=0)=105K). This compound crystallized in a pseudotetrag onal sturucture with at=0.541nm and ct=3.709nm, while a unique one-dimensional modulation with a wavelength of 4.7nm (_??_8.7b) was found along the b axis using transmission electron microscopy. This phase is not stabilized at lower temperature in air. It decomposes to the lead-free (or poor) high-Tc phase crystallizing in the convetional modulated structure 2.7nm(_??_5b).
Toll-like receptor 4 signalling: new perspectives on a complex signal-transduction problem (2003)

We previously reported that Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) agonists induce expression of a more limited repertoire of pro-inflammatory genes than TLR4 agonists. Murine macrophages stimulated with the TLR4 agonist, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ('STAT1') tyrosine phosphorylation that was secondary to the autocrine/paracrine action of interferon (IFN)-beta, an immediate early gene. In contrast, TLR2 agonists failed to activate IFN-beta gene expression. TLR4-induced IFN-beta mRNA was found to be MyD88- and PKR (double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase)-independent, but TIRAP (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein)/Mal (MyD88-adapter-like)-dependent. In the present paper, we outline the recent controversy over the role of TIRAP/Mal in TLR2 and TLR4 signalling in the context of the current molecular tools used for such studies. Collectively, our findings provide the first mechanistic basis for differential patterns of gene expression activated by TLR4 and TLR2 agonists.
Effects of Naturally Occurring Antioxidants on Peroxidase Activity of Vegetable Extracts (1990)

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of α‐tocopherol, two flavonoids (quercetin and ru‐tinic acid) and a cinnamic acid (chlorogenic acid) as inhibitors of peroxidase was evaluated. Four concentrations, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg%, of each compound were used. Crude extracts of tomatoes, carrots and eggplant were the sources of enzyme activity. Peroxidase activity of carrots and eggplant was inhibited more than that of tomato by all antioxidants. Alpha‐tocopherol was least effective in all systems and at all concentrations. Chlorogenic acid was most effective, followed by quercetin and rutinic acid.
Space-time coding using MSK (2005)

Recent papers have shown that space-time (ST) coding using continuous phase modulation has a number of advantages relative to linear modulation, among which is its constant envelope, which allows transmission with inexpensive and power-efficient Class C amplifiers. The present paper presents a particularly simple variant, ST coding based on minimum shift keying (MSK), an offset format. ST codes with offset modulation give much better performance than quadrature phase shift-keying (QPSK), for the same number of states, and the MSK ST decoding computational load is smaller than that of QPSK by a ratio that improves exponentially with the number of transmitter antennas. The relationship between offset and nonoffset modulation formats is explored and the effect of pulse shape is shown explicitly.
Oriented attachment of ultra-small Mn<sub>(1−x)</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanoparticles during the non-aqueous sol–gel synthesis (2014)

The advantages of ultra-small manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticles are manifold and can be exploited in a wide range of applications. Here we show that ultra-small, highly crystalline Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles with variable compositions can be obtained by non-aqueous sol–gel synthesis in a facile, scalable process. The growth of Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles has been investigated exemplarily for a series of Mn–Zn ferrites. It is thereby shown that the initially formed ultra-small 2 nm sized particles grow via oriented attachment into shamrock-like shaped particles, and clusters with an ordered structure are formed during synthesis. Throughout the synthesis, the crystallinity of the particles improves until after 24 h of synthesis highly crystalline, monodisperse nanostructures with a size of around 6 nm are obtained. Furthermore, the influence of the chemical as well as physical properties of the ultra-small Mn(1−x)ZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 on their Curie temperature was evaluated. It is shown that by variation of the Mn/Zn ratio the Curie temperature of the particles can be tailored in a broad range from 200 to 400 °C.
Time synchronisation without specific symbols forOFDM (1999)

A time synchronisation method without specific symbols for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is investigated. The coarse time synchronisation and the fine time synchronisation algorithms are described. The problem of the time synchronisation of a coded OFDM terrestrial digital video broadcasting receiver in the presence of long echoes and pre-echoes is then analysed and worked out by an optimum use of both algorithms, which prove complementary.
Specific induction of RGS16 (regulator of G-protein signalling 16) mRNA by protein kinase C in CEM leukaemia cells is mediated via tumour necrosis factor α in a calcium-sensitive manner (2000)

The RGS (regulator of G-protein signalling) proteins are GTPase-activating proteins for activated Galpha subunits. We investigated the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) on RGS proteins in various T cell lines by treating them with PMA. mRNA levels of both RGS16 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) were found to be up-regulated in CEM leukaemia cells in a PKC-dependent manner. Mezerein, a non-phorbol-ester activator of PKC, also elevated RGS16 and TNFalpha mRNA levels, while the specific PKC inhibitor Go6983 abrogated their expression. In view of the slower kinetics of PMA-induced RGS16 expression and the tight correlation between TNFalpha and RGS16 mRNA induction among the cell lines studied, we suggest that activation of PKC up-regulates RGS16 via TNFalpha. Indeed, addition of recombinant TNFalpha to CEM cells rapidly stimulated RGS16 mRNA expression independently of PKC. Furthermore, mobilization of calcium by A23187 and thapsigargin blocked the TNFalpha-mediated induction of RGS16, which was reversed by EGTA and by the immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporin A, suggesting that the calcineurin/NF-AT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway may repress the up-regulation process. Our results demonstrate for the first time that activation of PKC induces RGS16 expression via TNFalpha in a calcium-sensitive manner, thereby implicating RGS16 in the regulation of T cell responses to inflammation.
Measles (1993)

There was no question of avoiding measles; it is one of the most infectious diseases known to man; a disease from which almost everyone will suffer, unless protected by immunization. Its ubiquity and its nature, usually as a mild infection of early childhood, have so moulded the popular perception of the disease across generations that it is generally regarded, in Western Europe at least, as a disease of small account. The roots of this attitude lie far back in the past. In the great Victorian cities and in the countryside, among all social classes, measles was mostly thought to be harmless, an integral part of a child's experience. It is a comprehensible attitude, for ordinary measles is a mild disease, requiring nursing, but little in the way of treatment. In the nineteenth century, nevertheless, it was one of the major killers of children under five years old.
A Reliable Automatic Service Composition Method Based on Type Theory (2015)

Web Service composition has become a critical technology to react to the complex functional requirements put forward by business logic in e-commerce. How to guarantee the reliability of composite Web service is a hot topic through all the phase of lifecycle, including design, development and deployment. To this end, we are motivated to propose a Type Theory (TT) based method to automatic service composition. First of all, a service model in form of TT representation defines the atomic services declarations, semantic relation and composition request. Then, a set of TT rules that helps to prove the satisfiability of the user's request is formally given. Later, several useful tools transforming the service declaration files to the propositions and extracting the composition result from the proof is discussed. To face the challenge of reliability, we show a hybrid model, which dynamically binds service with the corresponding strict proving, to ensure the reliability of our method during compositing services. At last, the proposed method is implemented and a complete case study is conducted to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our techniques.
Specific Grb2-mediated Interactions Regulate Clathrin-dependent Endocytosis of the cMet-tyrosine Kinase (2007)

Lysosomal degradation of the receptor-tyrosine kinase cMet requires receptor ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl followed by clathrin-dependent internalization. A role for Cbl as an adaptor for cMet internalization has been previously reported. However, the requirement for Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity in this process and its mode of recruitment to cMet has yet to be determined. Cbl can directly bind cMet at phosphotyrosine 1003 or indirectly via Grb2 to phosphotyrosine 1356 in the multisubstrate binding domain of cMet. The direct binding of Cbl with cMet is critical for receptor degradation and not receptor internalization. Here we show a strict requirement for Grb2 and the ubiquitin ligase activity of Cbl for cMet endocytosis. Receptor internalization was impaired by small interfering RNA depletion of Grb2, overexpression of dominant negative Grb2 mutants, and point mutations in the cMet multisubstrate docking site that inhibits the direct association of Grb2 with cMet. The requirement for Grb2 was specific and did not involve the multiadaptor Gab1. cMet internalization was impaired in cells expressing an ubiquitin ligase-deficient Cbl mutant or conjugation-deficient ubiquitin but was unaffected in cells expressing a Cbl mutant that is unable to bind cMet directly. Expression of a Cbl-Grb2 chimera rescued impaired cMet endocytosis in cells depleted of endogenous Grb2. These results indicate that the ubiquitin ligase activity of Cbl is critical for clathrin-dependent cMet internalization and suggest a role for Grb2 as an intermediary linking Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity to this process.
Rhinosinusitis derived Staphylococcal enterotoxin B possibly associates with pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (2005)

The pathogenesis of UC in some patients may be associated with their pre-existing CRS by a mechanism of swallowing sinusitis-derived SEB. We speculate that SEB initiates inappropriate immune reactions and inflammation in the colonic mucosa that further progresses to UC.
Mucosal immunotherapy with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides reverses a murine model of chronic asthma induced by repeated antigen exposure (2003)

Murine models of acute atopic asthma may be inadequate to study the effects of recurrent exposure to inhaled allergens, such as the epithelial changes seen in asthmatic patients. We developed a murine model in which chronic airway inflammation is maintained by repeated allergen [ovalbumin (OVA)] inhalation; using this model, we examined the response to mucosal administration of CpG DNA (oligonucleotides) and specific antigen immunotherapy. Mice repeatedly exposed to OVA developed significantly greater airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet cell hyperplasia, but not airway eosinophilia, compared with those exposed only twice. CpG-based immunotherapy significantly reversed both acute and chronic markers of inflammation as well as airway hyperresponsiveness. We further examined the effect of mucosal immunotherapy on the response to a second, unrelated antigen. Mice sensitized to both OVA and schistosome eggs, challenged with inhaled OVA, and then treated with OVA-directed immunotherapy demonstrated significant reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness and a moderate reduction in eosinophilia, after inhalation challenge with schistosome egg antigens. In this model, immunotherapy treatment reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10) without changing BAL IFN-gamma. Antigen recall responses of splenocytes from these mice demonstrated an antigen-specific (OVA) enhanced release of IL-10 from splenocytes of treated mice. These results suggest that CpG DNA may provide the basis for a novel form of immunotherapy of allergic asthma. Both antigen-specific and, to a lesser extent, antigen-nonspecific responses to mucosal administration of CpG DNA are seen.
Boss Tower and Baseplate Flange Optimization (2019)

Abstract The swaging process is commonly used in head stack assembly, which is a process that is undertaken to either reduce or increase the diameter of tubes or rods. In the head stack assembly process, a swage boss engages with an arm hole of E-Block. Current hard disk drives have very small tolerances, requiring the swage effect of new hard disk drives to be reduced to as little as possible. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to reduce the swage effect. At present, FEA and investigative tests indicate that a significant portion of gram changing through swaging is caused by E-block tip deformation due to swaging. Deformation of the E-block tip is the result of unbalanced swage forces between the tension and compression suspension. Achieving optimization concepts leads to a new swage plate design to reduce the gramload change of the target and to equalize the swage forces. The FEA results found that gramload change of the target decreased by 35% on the tension side, and by 65% on the compression side through swage by boss tower. The HGA torque out was not different. The suspension flange was also studied. Subsequently, suspension manufacturing is able to bias the suspension as incoming HGA. The flange deformation might be closer to zero after the swaging process.
Stability of Dilute Alkaline Solutions of Hydrogen Peroxide (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of Dilute Alkaline Solutions of Hydrogen PeroxideW. D. Nicoll and A. F. SmithCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 12, 2548–2554Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50552a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50552a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2714Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cloning of non-human primates: the road "less traveled by" (2010)

Early studies on cloning of non-human primates by nuclear transfer utilized embryonic blastomeres from preimplantation embryos which resulted in the reproducible birth of live offspring. Soon after, the focus shifted to employing somatic cells as a source of donor nuclei (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT). However, initial efforts were plagued with inefficient nuclear reprogramming and poor embryonic development when standard SCNT methods were utilized. Implementation of several key SCNT modifications was critical to overcome these problems. In particular, a non-invasive method of visualizing the metaphase chromosomes during enucleation was developed to preserve the reprogramming capacity of monkey oocytes. These modifications dramatically improved the efficiency of SCNT, yielding high blastocyst development in vitro. To date, SCNT has been successfully used to derive pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from adult monkey skin fibroblasts. These remarkable advances have the potential for development of human autologous ESCs and cures for many human diseases. Reproductive cloning of nonhuman primates by SCNT has not been achieved yet. We have been able to establish several pregnancies with SCNT embryos which, so far, did not progress to term. In this review, we summarize the approaches, obstacles and accomplishments of SCNT in a non-human primate model.
Regional activities of metabolic enzymes and glutamate decarboxylase in human brain (1981)

Interpretation of biochemical measurements in the human brain after death is complicated by a variety of premortem, perimortem, and postmortem factors. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in particular has been found to vary considerably among human brains. In contrast to neurotransmitter-associated enzymes, metabolic enzymes are present in all brain cells and should not be specifically lost by patterned neuronal cell loss such as that which occurs in Parkinson disease. We compared the activity of GAD to that of the metabolic enzymes creatine kinase (CK), adenylate kinase, hexokinase, beta-glucuronidase, and malate, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate dehydrogenases in 24 regions of six human brains. Of the metabolic enzymes, only CK showed a 5-fold variation approaching that of GAD. Like GAD, CK activity was stable postmortem, but its activity was apparently inversely related to the severity and duration of the preterminal illness. CK may be a useful marker of agonal deterioration.
Cystosolic chaperonin subunits have a conserved ATPase domain but diverged polypeptide-binding domains (1994)

CCT (also called the TCP-1 complex or TriC) is a chaperonin found in the eukaryotic cytosol, and has unique structural and functional features. Unlike homo-oligomeric chaperonins, CCT comprises at least eight different subunits, and appears to have a limited range of physiological substrates. We have analysed CCT sequences in light of the recent determination of the crystal structure and mutational identification of the functional domains of the bacterial chaperonin GroEL. A high level of identity among all chaperonin subunits is observed in those regions that correspond to the ATP-binding site of GroEL. By contrast, no significant identity is shared in the region corresponding to the polypeptide-binding region of GroEL, either between CCT subunits or between CCT subunits and GroEL. This suggests that the polypeptide-binding sites of CCT subunits have diverged both from each other and from GroEL, which may explain the apparently different range of substrates recognized by CCT.