gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Segmentation-Based Image Coding Using Hybrid Quad-Binary Trees (2009)

A novel segmentation-based image approximation and coding technique is proposed. A hybrid quad-binary (QB) tree structure is utilized to efficiently model and code geometrical information within images. Compared to other tree-based representation such as wedgelets, the proposed QB-tree based method is more efficient for a wide range of contour features such as junctions, corners and ridges, especially at low bit rates.
Tiny split data-caches make big performance impact for embedded applications (2006)

This paper shows that even very small data caches, when split to serve data streams exhibiting temporal and spatial localities, can improve performance of embedded applications without consuming excessive silicon real estate or power. It also shows that large block sizes or higher set-associativities are unnecessary with split cache organizations. We use benchmark programs from MiBench to show that our cache organization outperforms other organizations in terms of miss rates, access times, energy consumption and silicon area.
VIP and executive protection in hospitals. (1989)

What problems arise when a celebrity or VIP patient is in your hospital? What can a security director do to prepare for such a situation? The article discusses such problems as access and media control, hiring additional officers, coordinating with law enforcement agencies, protecting key personnel, the crisis response team, having an emergency biographical profile sheet, and awareness and education.
REACTIONS OF MONKEYS TO EXPERIMENTAL MIXED INFLUENZA AND STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTIONS (1947)

1. The vital importance of the cellular defense forces in the resistance of the monkey to combined streptococcus and influenza virus infections has been demonstrated. 2. Some of the conditions prejudicial to the maintenance of an optimum cellular reserve in the infected animal have been revealed; viz., undernutrition, physical cold, intratracheal route of infection. 3. The potential threat exerted by latent foci of streptococci, and the importance, in relation to the combined infection with virus, of cellular and humoral immunity, together or separately, have been demonstrated. The essential rôle of optimum nutrition (notably as concerns the vitamin B complex, and folic acid specifically) in the prevention of disastrous illness from these infectious agents, individually or in combination, would seem to have been proven. 4. Signs of glomerular nephritis appeared in a significant number of monkeys receiving Streptococcus hemolyticus and influenza virus in sequence, followed by reinoculation or spontaneous reappearance of the streptococci. 5. Reinoculation of Streptococcus hemolyticus, group C, resulted in a prompt "booster" increase in the opsonic index. Virus instillation was followed by just as sudden a depression in this index. 6. Reinoculation failed to evoke either the granulocytosis or the leucopenia in monkeys which are characteristic effects of the streptococcus and the virus respectively when these agents are introduced for the first time by way of the nasal mucous membrane. 7. Simultaneous intranasal inoculation of influenza virus, type A, and Streptococcus hemolyticus, group C, in nutritionally normal Macaca mulatta failed to produce obvious signs of disease. In most of the animals, however, a streptococcus-induced leucocytosis followed by a delayed virus-induced granulopenia developed. 8. Inoculation of influenza virus followed in 4 to 17 days by streptococci produced obvious signs of disease in five of eleven animals which had become leucopenic as result of the action of the virus, and fatal streptococcal septicemia in two monkeys. 9. The development of signs of infection in previously healthy monkeys exposed to virus followed by streptococci confirms both the clinical and laboratory experience of other observers, that virus infection may predispose to secondary bacterial invasion, and, that at times, under unfavorable circumstances, the infection may become overwhelming. Although the complete mechanism of resistance is as yet not wholly clear, the depressant or inhibitory effect of the virus on both its cellular and humoral elements has been established.
Blind Deconvolution of Dynamical Systems:A State-Space Approach (2000)

In this paper we present a general framework of the state space approach for blind deconvolution. First, we review the current state of the art of blind deconvolution using statespace models, then give a new insight into blind deconvolution in the state-space framework. The cost functions for blind deconvolution are discussed and adaptive learning algorithms for updating external parameters are developed by minimizing a certain cost function, which is derived from mutual information of output signals. The information backpropagation approach is developed for training the internal parameters. In order to compensate for the model bias and reduce the effect of noise, we introduce the Kalman filter to the blind deconvolution setting. A new concept, called hidden innovation, is introduced so as to numerically implement the Kalman filter. Thus we propose a new method: the two-stage approach to blind deconvolution. Finally we suggest how to extend the information backpropagation approach to t...
The glial modulatory drug AV411 attenuates mechanical allodynia in rat models of neuropathic pain (2006)

Controlling neuropathic pain is an unmet medical need and we set out to identify new therapeutic candidates. AV411 (ibudilast) is a relatively nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that also suppresses glial-cell activation and can partition into the CNS. Recent data strongly implicate activated glial cells in the spinal cord in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that AV411 might be effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain and, hence, tested whether it attenuates the mechanical allodynia induced in rats by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel (Taxol). Twice-daily systemic administration of AV411 for multiple days resulted in a sustained attenuation of CCI-induced allodynia. Reversal of allodynia was of similar magnitude to that observed with gabapentin and enhanced efficacy was observed in combination. We further show that multi-day AV411 reduces SNL-induced allodynia, and reverses and prevents paclitaxel-induced allodynia. Also, AV411 cotreatment attenuates tolerance to morphine in nerve-injured rats. Safety pharmacology, pharmacokinetic and initial mechanistic analyses were also performed. Overall, the results indicate that AV411 is effective in diverse models of neuropathic pain and support further exploration of its potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Modular reasoning in the presence of subclassing (1995)

Considerable progress has been made in understanding how to use subtyping in a way that facilitates modular reasoning. However, using subclassing in a way that facilitates modular reasoning is not well understood. Often methods must be overriden as a group because of dependencies on instance variables, and the programmers of subclasses cannot tell which methods are grouped without looking at the code of superclasses. Also, the programmers of subclasses must look at the code of superclasses to tell what assumptions inherited methods make about the behavior of overriden methods.We present a systematic way to use subclassing that facilitates formal and informal modular reasoning. Separate specifications are given to programmers writing code that manipulates instances of a class and to programmers writing subclasses of the class. The specifications given to programmers of subclasses are divided, by division of labor specifications, into multiple parts. Subclasses may inherit or override entire parts, but not sub-parts. Reasoning about the implementation of each part is done independently of other parts.
Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Intestinally Presented Antigen (1983)

We have investigated the ability of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) to react against standard antigens presented via different routes of administration. When antigens were presented directly to GALT, either by an injection into the Peyer's patches or via a mechanically damaged lamina propria, a rapid and vigorous immune response ensued. This was manifested systemically as an antigen-specific humoral antibody response in the serum and locally as an antigen-specific immunoglobulin A response in the bile. These results indicate that GALT is capable of reacting to foreign materials penetrating the gut wall. Additional experiments demonstrated that the extended feeding of degraded iota carrageenan, a material known to produce non-specific mucosal inflammation, caused GALT to react to antigenic molecules present within the gastro-intestinal tract and enhanced both serum and biliary antibody responses against specific gut commensal microorganisms. The immunological significance of these observations is discussed.
Belief, Attitudes, and Linguistic Accommodation: A Case of Urban Sound Change in Rural Michigan (2001)

The neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is known to be expressed in chicken muscle as at least three principal molecular forms (molecular masses of 155 kDa, 145 kDa, and 120 kDa). They are generated from a single gene by alternative splicing. To distinguish these molecular species and to investigate their expressions in muscle differentiation during chicken embryonic development, we prepared antipeptide antibodies against three different domains of the NCAM. The antibody named MSD<+> was designed to detect muscle-specific domain (MSD) which was inserted into a muscle-specific NCAM by alternative splicing. The locus encompassing the MSD insertion site was detected with the antibody named MSD<->, and cytoplasmic sites near the transmembrane region were detected with the antibody named CYT. Immunoblot analysis utilizing the peptide antibodies prepared here revealed that, of three NCAMs, two isoforms, 155 kDa and 120 kDa, were recognized with the antibody MSD<+> and the same 155-kDa and the other 145-kDa molecule were recognized with the antibody CYT. The antibody MSD<-> was capable of detecting all three isoforms of the NCAM. Expression of the 120-kDa form with MSD but lacking a cytoplasmic tail increased but that of the 145-kDa form with cytoplasmic tail but lacking MSD declined during embryonic day 5 to day 18. The 155-kDa form NCAM with both MSD and cytoplasmic tail was expressed specifically and transiently during embryonic day 11 to day 14 in chick muscle; this period coincides with the period of extensive myotube formation. Thus, this largest isotype seems to play an important role in muscle differentiation.
Overexpression of the Calcineurin Target <i>CRZ1</i> Provides Freeze Tolerance and Enhances the Fermentative Capacity of Baker's Yeast (2007)

Recent years have shown a huge growth in the market of industrial baker's yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), with the need for strains affording better performance in prefrozen dough. Evidence suggests that during the freezing process, cells can suffer biochemical damage caused by osmotic stress. Nevertheless, the involvement of ion-responsive transcriptional factors and pathways in conferring freeze resistance has not yet been examined. Here, we have investigated the role of the salt-responsive calcineurin-Crz1p pathway in mediating tolerance to freezing by industrial baker's yeast. Overexpression of CRZ1 in the industrial HS13 strain increased both salt and freeze tolerance and improved the leavening ability of baker's yeast in high-sugar dough. Moreover, engineered cells were able to produce more gas during fermentation of prefrozen dough than the parental strain. Similar effects were observed for overexpression of TdCRZ1, the homologue to CRZ1 in Torulaspora delbrueckii, suggesting that expression of calcineurin-Crz1p target genes can alleviate the harmful effects of ionic stress during freezing. However, overexpression of STZ and FTZ, two unrelated Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding Cys(2)/His(2)-type zinc finger proteins, also conferred freeze resistance in yeast. Furthermore, experiments with Deltacnb1 and Deltacrz1 mutants failed to show a freeze-sensitive phenotype, even in cells pretreated with NaCl. Overall, our results demonstrate that overexpression of CRZ1 has the potential to be a useful tool for increasing freeze tolerance and fermentative capacity in industrial strains. However, these effects do not appear to be mediated through activation of known salt-responding pathways.
Raster-to-vector conversion by line fitting based on contours and skeletons (2002)

A new raster-to-vector conversion method is proposed for capturing high-quality vectors from line drawing images in which the lines are overlapped by characters, symbols, or other lines. Conventionally, two raster-to-vector conversion methods have generally been used. One is a thinning method. The other is a medial line extraction method based on parallel pairs of contours. The thinning method tends to distort extructed lines, especially of intersections and corners. On the other hand, the medial line extraction method has poor capabilities as regards capturing correct lines at intersections. In contrast, the method proposed can extract precise lines from both contours and skeletons. Contours are able to hold edge shapes well, while skeletons preserve topological features; thus, a combination of these features effectively leads to the best fitting line. In the proposed method, the line which best fits the original image is selected from among various candidate lines. The candidates are created from several merged short skeleton fragments located between pairs of short contour fragments. The method is also extended to circular arc fitting. Experimental results show that the method is effective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The adenylate cyclase gene MAC1 of Magnaporthe grisea controls appressorium formation and other aspects of growth and development. (1997)

Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast disease, differentiates a specialized infection structure called an appressorium that is crucial for host plant penetration. Previously, it was found that cAMP regulates appressorium formation. To further understand the cellular mechanisms involved in appressorium formation, we have cloned a gene (MAC1) encoding adenylate cyclase, a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the production of cAMP from ATP, by using a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy. The entire gene was isolated and subcloned from a large insert bacterial artificial chromosome library. Sequence characterization showed that MAC1 has a high degree of identity with other adenylate cyclase genes from several filamentous fungi as well as yeasts. Gene deletion resulted in reduced vegetative growth, conidiation, and conidial germination. Transformants lacking MAC1 were unable to form appressoria on an inductive surface and were unable to penetrate susceptible rice leaves. mac1- transformants were also sterile and produced no perithecia. Appressorium formation was restored in the presence of exogenous cAMP derivatives. These results confirm that cell signaling involving cAMP plays a central role in the development and pathogenicity of M. grisea.
Building Web-based knowledge clusters (1998)

Today the WWW as an easy to use environment for all kinds of applications and is widely accepted. Knowledge based systems profit in many ways from this new technology. Using an Internet browser as a generally available low cost front end makes it possible to offer the power of an expert system to many users. Depending on the declarative nature of knowledge structures, it is very easy to generate dynamic html pages and to build up a knowledge server (S. Bamberger, 1997). In spite of this, it is very difficult for a user to find the appropriate knowledge server for his demands. We discuss an approach showing how it is possible to integrate an arbitrary number of distributed knowledge servers to a knowledge cluster using only one Internet server as a central communication interface to the user. The tool is based on an expert system shell tool kit called Coop-D3 (S. Bamberger, 1997) which can be used to build up heterogeneous diagnostic knowledge bases.
Adaptations and Lessons in the Province of Bergamo (2020)

A referral hospital in the hardest-hit region of Italy had to manage a continuously increasing number of daily admissions for Covid-19 after delayed responses in the province allowed for rapid spread of the virus. Nineteen physicians in the province died.
Metal building systems : design and specifications (1997)

Fully updated for the recent revisions to the relevant building-code provisions, the industry-standard guide for the foundation design of metal building systems offers valuable, unbiased information on pre-engineered buildings
Large-amplitude elongated-body theory of fish locomotion (1971)

Abstract The elongated-body theory of the reactive forces on a fish moving in water (that is, forces resulting from the inertia of associated water movements) is extended so that a prediction of instantaneous reactive force between fish and water is obtained for fish motions of arbitrary amplitude, regular or irregular (§2). A preliminary application of the theory to the balance of reactive thrust and resistive drag in regular carangiform swimming of fishes with slender caudal fins is made (§3). Comparison with data (Bainbridge 1963) on the dace Leuciscus suggests that an important feature of this balance may be a substantial enhancement of drag for such fishes when swimming movements commence, an enhancement here interpreted in terms of a boundary-layer-thinning mechanism first suggested by Dr Quentin Bone.
Targeted Drug Delivery with an Integrin-Binding Knottin–Fc–MMAF Conjugate Produced by Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (2016)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have generated significant interest as targeted therapeutics for cancer treatment, demonstrating improved clinical efficacy and safety compared with systemic chemotherapy. To extend this concept to other tumor-targeting proteins, we conjugated the tubulin inhibitor monomethyl-auristatin-F (MMAF) to 2.5F-Fc, a fusion protein composed of a human Fc domain and a cystine knot (knottin) miniprotein engineered to bind with high affinity to tumor-associated integrin receptors. The broad expression of integrins (including αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1) on tumor cells and their vasculature makes 2.5F-Fc an attractive tumor-targeting protein for drug delivery. We show that 2.5F-Fc can be expressed by cell-free protein synthesis, during which a non-natural amino acid was introduced into the Fc domain and subsequently used for site-specific conjugation of MMAF through a noncleavable linker. The resulting knottin-Fc-drug conjugate (KFDC), termed 2.5F-Fc-MMAF, had approximately 2 drugs attached per KFDC. 2.5F-Fc-MMAF inhibited proliferation in human glioblastoma (U87MG), ovarian (A2780), and breast (MB-468) cancer cells to a greater extent than 2.5F-Fc or MMAF alone or added in combination. As a single agent, 2.5F-Fc-MMAF was effective at inducing regression and prolonged survival in U87MG tumor xenograft models when administered at 10 mg/kg two times per week. In comparison, tumors treated with 2.5F-Fc or MMAF were nonresponsive, and treatment with a nontargeted control, CTRL-Fc-MMAF, showed a modest but not significant therapeutic effect. These studies provide proof-of-concept for further development of KFDCs as alternatives to ADCs for tumor targeting and drug delivery applications. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1291-300. ©2016 AACR.
Structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart (2000)

The combination of optical clarity and large scale of mutants makes the zebrafish vital for developmental biologists. However, there is no comprehensive reference of morphology and function for this animal. Since study of gene expression must be integrated with structure and function, we undertook a longitudinal study to define the cardiac morphology and physiology of the developing zebrafish. Our studies included 48-hr, 5-day, 2-week, 4-week, and 3-month post-fertilization zebrafish. We measured ventricular and body wet weights, and performed morphologic analysis on the heart with H&E and MF-20 antibody sections. Ventricular and dorsal aortic pressures were measured with a servonull system. Ventricular and body weight increased geometrically with development, but at different rates. Ventricle-to-body ratio decreased from 0.11 at 48-hr to 0.02 in adult. The heart is partitioned into sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus as identified by the constriction between the segments at 48-hr. Valves were formed at 5-day post-fertilization. Until maturity, the atrium showed extensive pectinate muscles, and the atrial wall increased to two to three cell layers. The ventricular wall and the compact layer increased to three to four cell layers, while the extent and complexity in trabeculation continued. Further thickening of the heart wall was mainly by increase in cell size. The bulbus arteriosus had similar characteristics to the myocardium in early stages, but lost the MF-20 positive staining, and transitioned to smooth muscle layer. All pressures increased geometrically with development, and were linearly related to stage-specific values for body weight (P < 0.05). These data define the parameters of normal cardiac morphology and ventricular function in the developing zebrafish.
Carbohydrate-Based Small-Molecule Scaffolds for the Construction of Universal Pharmacophore Mapping Libraries (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCarbohydrate-Based Small-Molecule Scaffolds for the Construction of Universal Pharmacophore Mapping LibrariesMichael J. Sofia, Rachael Hunter, Tin Yau Chan, Andrew Vaughan, Richard Dulina, Huiming Wang, and David GangeView Author Information Transcell Technologies Inc., 8 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 9, 2802–2803Publication Date (Web):April 16, 1998Publication History Received2 February 1998Published online16 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980164mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980164mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Organic polymers,Pharmacophores,Receptors,Scaffolds Get e-Alerts