gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Novel Human Natural Killer-Cell Line (NK-YS) Established From Natural Killer Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Infection (1998)

A novel cell line was established from a patient with a leukemic-state nasal angiocentric natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma with systemic skin infiltration. The morphology of the leukemic cells was large-granular-lymphocyte (LGL), and their immunophenotype was CD2+, CD3−, CD5+, CD7+, CD16−, CD56+, and CD57−. The presence of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) genome was shown in specimens from the patient’s nose, skin, and peripheral blood by in situ hybridization using an EBV-encoded small RNA-1 probe or by Southern blotting using a terminal-repeat probe of the EBV genome. Leukemic cells were cocultured with a mouse stromal cell line (SPY3-2) in the presence of 100 U/mL recombinant human interleukin-2 and a novel stromal cell-independent cell line, NK-YS, was established. The NK-YS cells showed LGL morphology and expressed surface CD2, CD5, CD7, CD25, CD56, and CD95. The NK-YS cells retained cytotoxicity against K562 and Jurkat cells. A Southern blotting using a terminal-repeat probe of EBV showed that NK-YS and fresh leukemic cells had a clonal EBV genome, whereas the T-cell receptor β and γ chain genes of NK-YS were not rearranged. In an immunocytochemical analysis, the NK-YS cells showed a type-II latent infection of EBV. The NK-YS cells preserved the original characteristics of NK cell lymphoma/leukemia and will be a useful tool for the study of biological characteristics of EBV-associated nasal angiocentric NK cell lymphoma/leukemia. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
CPW bandstop filter using periodically loaded slot resonators (2006)

A new dual-spiral-shaped slot resonator in a coplanar waveguide (CPW-DSR) is studied. Also, its equivalent circuit model is introduced and used for multi-resonant performance analysis. Finally, a bandstop filter using periodically loaded CPW-DSRs is presented and verified by simulations and measurement.
Proteome Analysis of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> Grown in Milk Reveals Pyruvate Formate-Lyase as the Major Upregulated Protein (2005)

We investigated the adaptation to milk of Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311 using a proteomic approach. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of cytosolic proteins were performed after growth in M17 medium or in milk. A major modification of the proteome concerned proteins involved in the supply of amino acids, like the peptidase PepX, and several enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. In parallel, we observed the upregulation of the synthesis of seven enzymes directly involved in the synthesis of purines, as well as formyl-tetrahydrofolate (THF) synthetase and serine hydroxy-methyl transferase, two enzymes responsible for the synthesis of compounds (THF and glycine, respectively) feeding the purine biosynthetic pathway. The analysis also revealed a massive increase in the synthesis of pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL), the enzyme which converts pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A and formate. PFL has been essentially studied for its role in mixed-acid product formation in lactic acid bacteria during anaerobic fermentation. However, formate is an important methyl group donor for anabolic pathway through the formation of folate derivates. We hypothesized that PFL was involved in purine biosynthesis during growth in milk. We showed that PFL expression was regulated at the transcriptional level and that pfl transcription occurred during the exponential growth phase in milk. The complementation of milk with formate or purine bases was shown to reduce pfl expression, to suppress PFL synthesis, and to stimulate growth of S. thermophilus. These results show a novel regulatory mechanism controlling the synthesis of PFL and suggest an unrecognized physiological role for PFL as a formate supplier for anabolic purposes.
Even Faster Accelerated Coordinate Descent Using Non-Uniform Sampling (2015)

Accelerated coordinate descent is widely used in optimization due to its cheap per-iteration cost and scalability to large-scale problems. Up to a primal-dual transformation, it is also the same as accelerated stochastic gradient descent that is one of the central methods used in machine learning. In this paper, we improve the best known running time of accelerated coordinate descent by a factor up to $\sqrt{n}$. Our improvement is based on a clean, novel non-uniform sampling that selects each coordinate with a probability proportional to the square root of its smoothness parameter. Our proof technique also deviates from the classical estimation sequence technique used in prior work. Our speed-up applies to important problems such as empirical risk minimization and solving linear systems, both in theory and in practice.
Automation of antimicrobial activity screening (2016)

Manual and automated methods were compared for routine screening of compounds for antimicrobial activity. Automation generally accelerated assays and required less user intervention while producing comparable results. Automated protocols were validated for planktonic, biofilm, and agar cultures of the oral microbe Streptococcus mutans that is commonly associated with tooth decay. Toxicity assays for the known antimicrobial compound cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were validated against planktonic, biofilm forming, and 24 h biofilm culture conditions, and several commonly reported toxicity/antimicrobial activity measures were evaluated: the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Using automated methods, three halide salts of cetylpyridinium (CPC, CPB, CPI) were rapidly screened with no detectable effect of the counter ion on antimicrobial activity.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of apixaban, a factor<scp>X</scp>a inhibitor, in healthy subjects (2013)

Multiple oral doses of apixaban were safe and well tolerated over a 10-fold dose range, with pharmacokinetics with low variability and concentration-related increases in clotting time measures.
Coronaviruses: Important Emerging Human Pathogens (2014)

The identification of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 reaffirmed the importance of understanding how coronaviruses emerge, infect, and cause disease. By comparing what is known about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) to what has recently been found for MERS-CoV, researchers are discovering similarities and differences that may be important for pathogenesis. Here we discuss what is known about each virus and what gaps remain in our understanding, especially concerning MERS-CoV.
Complement component C3a plays a critical role in endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment into the brain (2016)

Our study provides the first evidence that C3a plays a critical role in cerebral endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation in the brain.
Chiral Effect at Protein/Graphene Interface: A Bioinspired Perspective To Understand Amyloid Formation (2014)

Protein misfolding to form amyloid aggregates is the main cause of neurodegenerative diseases. While it has been widely acknowledged that amyloid formation in vivo is highly associated with molecular surfaces, particularly biological membranes, how their intrinsic features, for example, chirality, influence this process still remains unclear. Here we use cysteine enantiomer modified graphene oxide (GO) as a model to show that surface chirality strongly influences this process. We report that R-cysteine modification suppresses the adsorption, nucleation, and fiber elongation processes of Aβ(1-40) and thus largely inhibits amyloid fibril formation on the surface, while S-modification promotes these processes. And surface chirality also greatly influences the conformational transition of Aβ(1-40) from α-helix to β-sheet. More interestingly, we find that this effect is highly related to the distance between chiral moieties and GO surface, and inserting a spacer group of about 1-2 nm between them prevents the adsorption of Aβ(1-40) oligomers, which eliminates the chiral effect. Detailed study stresses the crucial roles of GO surface. It brings novel insights for better understanding the amyloidosis process on surface from a biomimetic perspective.
Isolation of Hantaan Virus, the Etiologic Agent of Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, from Wild Urban Rats (1982)

Urban rats captured in Seoul and four nearby Korean cities were found to have immunofluorescent antibodies reactive with Hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF). Serum antibodies were detected in 13% from 477 Rattus norvegicus and 11% of 47 Rattus rattus. Hantaan viral antigen was found in pulmonary tissues of 42 animals, and Hantaan virus was recovered from 23 rats, all but two of which were R. norvegicus. Wistar rats were qualitatively much more sensitive than Apodemus agrarius rodents for isolation of virus from tissues of wild rats. Wistar rats inoculated with one of these strains had virus in lung and spleen for at least 75 days. These results document the existence of an urban cycle for Hantaan virus, which had been suspected on the basis of the occurrence of sporadic urban cases in humans of KHF, and suggest that Rattus-borne Hantaan virus may be widely distributed in urban centers.
dl-2-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in a Murine Candida albicans Biofilm Model (2014)

Chronic biofilm infections are often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory response, leading to impaired healing and increased, irreversible damage to host tissues. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor for Candida albicans and a challenge for treatment. Most current antifungals have proved ineffective in eradicating infections attributed to biofilms. The biofilm structure protects Candida species against antifungals and provides a way for them to evade host immune systems. This leads to a very distinct inflammatory response compared to that seen in planktonic infections. Previously, we showed the superior efficacy of dl-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) against various bacteria and fungi. However, the immunomodulatory properties of HICA have not been studied. Our aim was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory response to HICA in vivo. We hypothesized that HICA reduces the levels of immune mediators and attenuates the inflammatory response. In a murine model, a robust biofilm was formed for 5 days in a diffusion chamber implanted underneath mouse skin. The biofilm was treated for 12 h with HICA, while caspofungin and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as controls. The pathophysiology and immunoexpression in the tissues surrounding the chamber were determined by immunohistochemistry. Histopathological examination showed an attenuated inflammatory response together with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) compared to those of chambers containing caspofungin and PBS. Interestingly, the expression of developmental endothelial locus 1 (Del-1), an antagonist of neutrophil extravasation, increased after treatment with HICA. Considering its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, HICA may have enormous therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic biofilm infections and inflammation, such as those seen with chronic wounds.
A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor based on a new gamma correction technique (2012)

Many kinds of wide dynamic range (WDR) CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) have been developed, such as a multiple sampling, a multiple exposure technique, and so on. However, those techniques have some drawbacks of noise increasing, large power consumption, and huge chip area. In this paper, a new Single-Slope ADC (SS-ADC) for gamma correction with a nonlinear counter is described. Since the proposed scheme is easily implemented with a simple algorithm, we can reduce power consumption and chip area drastically. Further, the new SS-ADC for gamma correction enhances the Dynamic Range (DR) by 24dB. The proposed ADC, which has been fabricated using a 0.13um CIS process, achieves a 57.6dB SNDR at 50kS/s.
Strong increase in the autofluorescence of cells signals struggle for survival (2018)

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells exhibit an intrinsic natural fluorescence due to the presence of fluorescent cellular structural components and metabolites. Therefore, cellular autofluorescence (AF) is expected to vary with the metabolic states of cells. We examined how exposure to the different stressors changes the AF of Escherichia coli cells. We observed that bactericidal treatments increased green cellular AF, and that de novo protein synthesis was required for the observed AF increase. Excitation and emission spectra and increased expression of the genes from the flavin biosynthesis pathway, strongly suggested that flavins are major contributors to the increased AF. An increased expression of genes encoding diverse flavoproteins which are involved in energy production and ROS detoxification, indicates a cellular strategy to cope with severe stresses. An observed increase in AF under stress is an evolutionary conserved phenomenon as it occurs not only in cells from different bacterial species, but also in yeast and human cells.
Lightning Indirect Effects Certification of a Transport Aircraft by Numerical Simulation (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The interaction of lightning with an aircraft induces voltages and currents in the onboard wire harnesses, which can cause critical electronic equipment damage or malfunction, thus compromising the flight safety. The lightning interaction with an aircraft made largely of composite materials, like Boeing 787 and Airbus 380, is a subject of strong interest to the aeronautical industry. The computational tool “Virtual Aircraft Electromagnetic Lightning Indirect Effect Evaluation” (VAM-LIFE) was developed for the complete analysis of the electromagnetic fields inside and outside a medium-sized aircraft struck by lightning, and for the evaluation of the indirect lightning effects induced in the aircraft wiring system. The tool VAM-LIFE was used to obtain the certification by the Italian Aeronautic Authority of the C-27J aircraft of Alenia Aeronautica for indirect effects of lightning. This paper reviews the main features of the tool and presents new computational results of specific interest for the certification process of the C-27J aircraft. Moreover, this paper discusses the relevant aspects related to the modeling and simulation of innovative advanced composite materials with improved protection performance against a lightening electromagnetic pulse stroke. </para>
Privacy-enhanced access control by SPKI and its application to Web server (2002)

For providing a privacy-enhanced access only for an appropriate user, anonymous access such as anonymous FTP is too weak because a service provider cannot know about a client, while authentication-based access control such as PKIX (Public Key Infrastructure with X.509) is too strong because ID information on a client is exposed to a service-provider. Instead, we present a new access control scheme by using SPKI (Simple Public Key Infrastructure), since an authorization certificate based on SPKI does not carry any ID information. This scheme needs additional mechanism for the server and clients such as issuing, delegating, validating, and revoking certificates. A web-based privacy-enhanced access control is designed on the basis of the proposed scheme and implemented by Java. The resulting system shows that the proposed scheme works well with a small amount of overheads being introduced into a normal web server.
Multiple vectors effectively achieve gene transfer in a murine cardiac transplantation model. Immunosuppression with TGF-beta 1 or vIL-10. (1995)

The application of gene transfer techniques to organ transplantation offers the potential for modulation of immunity directly within an allograft without systemic side effects. Expression vectors and promoter elements are important determinants of gene transfer and expression. In this study, various vectors (naked plasmid DNA, retroviral vector, herpes simplex viral vector, and adenoviral vector) with various promoters (RSV-LTR, SV40, MuLV-LTR, HCMVie1) were directly compared to demonstrate the successful gene transfer and expression of beta-galactosidase in murine myoblasts in vitro and within murine heterotopic, nonvascularized cardiac isografts or allografts in vivo. Expression of transferred genes was not toxic to cells and strength of expression varied according to the type of vector. Plasmid DNA was expressed in myocytes, retroviral vector was expressed in the graft infiltrating cells, and herpes simplex and adenoviral vectors were expressed in both myocytes and graft-infiltrating cells. Preliminary studies evaluated the ability of these vectors to deliver immunologically important signals. Allografts injected with pSVTGF-beta 1, a plasmid-encoding transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) under the control of the SV40 promoter, showed significant prolongation of graft survival of 26.3 +/- 2.5 days compared with 12.6 +/- 1.1 days for untreated allografts, and 12.5 +/- 1.5 days for the allografts injected with control plasmid (P < 0.05). Allografts injected with MFG-vIL-10, a retroviral vector encoding viral interleukin-10 under the control of the MuLV-LTR, showed prolongation of graft survival of 36.7 +/- 1.3 days versus 12.6 +/- 1.1 days for the untreated allograft, and 13.5 +/- 2.0 days for the allografts injected with control retroviral vector (P < 0.001). Both vectors were transcriptionally active in vivo and did not appear to have toxic effects. Gene therapy for transplantation can induce transient expression of immunologically relevant molecules within allografts that impede immune activation while avoiding the systemic toxicity of conventional immunosuppression.
A method for detecting document orientation by using SVM classifier (2011)

An approach for document orientation detection and classification by using support vector machine (SVM) theorem is proposed in this paper. First, all the characters in a document image will be isolated and some valid ones are selected.Using the valid characters,the document image will be vectorized to a 32 dimensional vector by the feature extracting. By training lots of samples, an SVM classifier can be obtained, and then the orientation of unknown document images can be classified. Experimental results show the accuracy of the proposed method is considerably higher than Bray Curtis distance, even for some bad samples.
Evaporation rate of water from the precorneal tear film and cornea in the rabbit. (1969)

A technique for the study of evaporation from the precorneal and cornea! surfaces has been developed. Evaporation from the superficial lipid layer (SLL) has been measured to be 10.1 x 10~ 7 Gm.cm.^secr 1 When this lipid layer is removed, evaporation increases around fourfold. Evaporation from the dry epithelial surface occurs at a rate of 1.8 x JO 7 Gm.cmr^secr 1 After the epithelium is removed, a twentyfold increase in evaporation rate occurs. The specific resistances (u) to evaporation of these layers have been calculated: epithelium, = 82.5 sec./ cm.; SLL, = 12.9 sec/cm.; aqueous tears, < 1 sec/cm.; stroma, < 0 sec/cm. Thus, the superficial lipid layer is effective in retarding evaporation of the precorneal tear film. Its effectiveness compares favorably to that of condensed monolayers of long-chain fatty alcohols on pure water, known to be efficient in retarding evaporation. The epithelium functions as a barrier to water flow and is highly effective in retarding evaporation in the absence of a tear film.
Prediction of <sup>1</sup>H NMR Chemical Shifts Using Neural Networks (2001)

Counterpropagation neural networks were applied to the fast prediction of 1H NMR chemical shifts of CHn groups in organic compounds. The training set consisted of 744 examples of protons that were represented by physicochemical, topological, and geometric descriptors. The selection of descriptors was performed by genetic algorithms, and the models obtained were compared to those containing all the descriptors. The best models yielded very good predictions for an independent prediction set of 259 cases (mean absolute error for whole set, 0.25 ppm; mean absolute error for 90% of cases, 0.19 ppm) and for application cases consisting of four natural products recently described. Some stereochemical effects could be correctly predicted. A useful feature of the system resides in its ability to be retrained with a specific data set of compounds if improved predictions for related structures are required.
Avocado oil extraction with appropriate technology for developing countries (1993)

Some published procedures for extraction of oil from avocado fruit mesocarp tissue were compared and modified for the purpose of creating applicability in developing countries. Highest recoveries were obtained at a 5:1 water‐to‐avocado ratio, pH 5.5 and centrifugal force of 12,300 × g . Addition of 5% CaCO 3 or CaSO 4 allowed extraction without organic solvents. The relationship was linear between heating temperature (75–98°C) and the time for oil release from slurries. Gravity settling for four days at 37°C followed by centrifugation improved oil yield. Optimal oil recoveries were 70–80%.
Design and implementation of machine tools supervisory system based on information model (2014)

The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) in manufacturing brings advantages like faster, smoother and easer machining of curves, complex 3-D dimensioned profile. Primitive CNC machine tools could not compromise on product quality and process efficiency. The ability to monitor and control multiple process modules increases productivity, improves the quality of products and enhances prognostic capability for near-zero break down performance in the machining process. The monitoring capabilities of individual machine and the cooperation ability of business bring in an overall optimal performance. This paper proposes an framework for machine tools supervisory system (MSS), which includes an information model at sensors level, a RESTful model at communications level and a distributed model at applications level. This paper presents a prototype system. We show that our approach can meet the demand of manufacturing supervisor.
Activation of Mouse T-Helper Cells Induces Abundant Preproenkephalin mRNA Synthesis (1986)

Antigenic or mitogenic stimulation of T cells induces the secretion of an array of protein hormones that regulate immune responses. Molecular cloning has contributed strongly to our present understanding of the nature of this regulation. A complementary DNA (cDNA) library prepared from a cloned concanavalin A-activated mouse T-helper cell line was screened for abundant and induction-specific cDNA's. One such randomly chosen cDNA was found to encode mouse preproenkephalin messenger RNA (mRNA). Preproenkephalin mRNA represented about 0.4 percent of the mRNA in the activated cell line but was absent in resting cells of this line. Other induced T-helper cell lines have 0.1 to 0.5 percent of their mRNA as preproenkephalin mRNA. Induced T-helper cell culture supernatants have [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive material. The production by activated T cells of a peptide neurotransmitter identifies a signal that can potentially permit T cells to modulate the nervous system.