gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium Transport Modes in AMTEC Electrodes (1998)

Transport of alkali metal atoms through porous cathodes of alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC) cells is responsible for significant, reducible losses in the electrical performance of these cells. Sodium transport has been characterized in a variety of AMTEC electrodes and several different transport modes clearly exist. Free molecular flow is the dominant transport mechanism in clean porous molybdenum and tungsten electrodes, and contributes to sodium transport in all porous electrodes, including WPt{sub 2}, WRh{sub 3}, and TiN. Molybdenum and tungsten electrodes containing phases such as Na{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} and Na{sub 2}WO{sub 4} exhibit very efficient sodium ion transport through the electrode in the ionic conducting phase. These electrodes also show reversible electrochemical reactions in which sodium ions and electrons are inserted or removed from into phases such as Na{sub 2}MoO{sub 4} and Na{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 6} which are present in the electrode WPt{sub 2} and WRh{sub 3} electrodes typically exhibit both free molecular flow transport as well as an enhanced thermally activated transport mode which is probably surface and/or grain boundary diffusion of sodium in the alloy electrode. Data for large area WPt{sub 2} electrodes within a cylindrical heat shield are reported in this paper. Sodium transport away from thesemore » electrodes is effected by both the electrode's properties and the exterior environment which inhibits sodium gas flow to the condenser. Liquid alloy electrodes have been examined and have fairly efficient transport properties by liquid phase diffusion, but have generally not been considered advantageous for development. Titanium nitride, TiN, electrodes used in AMTEC cells, and similar electronically conducting refractory compounds such as TiB{sub 2} and NbN are always physically porous to some degree as formed by sputter deposition or screen printing, and these compounds sinter quite slowly. Hence free molecular flow is always a significant sodium transport mode in these electrodes. However, the sodium transport rate computed from the physical morphology of the electrodes is not as efficient as actual sodium transport in TiN electrodes, implicating an enhanced transport mode, which remains operational at lower AMTEC operating temperatures. Some TiN electrodes also have been found to exhibit electrochemical reactions involving electrode phases which persist in sodium exposure test cells at 1223K, as reported in this paper.« less
Speech-enabled services using TelePortal™ software and VoiceXML* (2002)

TelePortal™ software, which resides on a speech-enabled telephony platform, brings the advantages of the World Wide Web to advanced speech recognition telephone services. In response to an incoming call, this software retrieves a dialogue specification document from a Web server, interprets it to collect input from a caller, and submits the input to a (possibly different) Web server, which processes the input and may continue the call by returning another dialogue specification document. The TelePortal architecture includes a browser (to retrieve and cache Web content), a set of interpreters (to process documents), and a set of platform interfaces (to allow the interpreters to control the speech and telephony resources of the host platform). Using the Web to retrieve dialogue documents and to process the input they collect creates a new business opportunity for network operators and third-party application developers. Interactive voice response (IVR) services, which may be made available from a standard wireline or wireless telephone, are easily programmed using the emerging Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> ) standard. TelePortal software is being integrated into several Lucent platforms. We present examples of the new network IVR opportunities that this software provides for one of these — the platform of the intelligent network.
Pattern recognition analysis of high resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of urine. A nonlinear mapping approach to the classification of toxicological data (1990)

A computer-based pattern recognition (PR) approach has been applied to the interpretation of 1H NMR generated urinalysis data in a variety of experimental toxicity states in the rat. 1H NMR signal intensities for each endogenous metabolite in urine were regarded as coordinates in multi-dimensional space and analysed using computer pattern recognition methods through which the dimensionality was reduced for display and categorization purposes. Initially 17 metabolic dimensions were used which were defined by the scored relative concentrations of a variety of urinary metabolites detected in 1H NMR spectra. By employing the unsupervised learning methods of 2- and 3-dimensional nonlinear mapping (NLM) different types of toxin (hepatotoxins, cortical and papillary nephrotoxins) could be classified according to NMR-detectable biochemical effects in the urine. The robustness of the classification methods, and the influence of the addition of new scored biochemical data reflecting dose response situations, nutritional effects on toxicity, sex differences in biochemical response to toxins and addition of a new toxin class (testicular toxin) to the pattern recognition analysis were also evaluated. We find that the initial training set maps are fundamentally stable to the addition of all data types and that the PR methods correctly 'predicted' the toxicological effects of the test compounds. These results confirm the power and wide applicability of linked PR and 1H NMR urinalysis as an approach to the generation and classification of acute toxicological data.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived Wnt5a inhibits leukemia cell progression in vitro via activation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (2014)

Leukemia is one of the most common malignancies in humans worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism of the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) on leukemia cell growth remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that Wnt5a protein expression was significantly induced in bMSCs via an adenovirus vector (P<0.01). The results showed that the proliferation of HL60 cells, a leukemia cell line, was significantly inhibited when the cells were stimulated with the culture supernatant of adeno-Wnt5a bMSCs compared with the culture supernatants of bMSCs and adeno-vector bMSCs for 24 or 48 h (P<0.01). The promoted maturation levels of HL60 cells were also observed following stimulation with the culture supernatant of adeno-Wnt5a bMSCs (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was identified in the proliferation and maturation of HL60 cells among the three groups stimulated with the culture supernatants containing a neutralization antibody against Wnt5a. Furthermore, the bMSC-derived Wnt5a was found to influence the maturation and proliferation of the HL60 cells by enhancing the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, while inhibiting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and suppressing the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1. In conclusion, bMSC-derived Wnt5a modifies the proliferation and maturation of HL60 cells via activation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
SaaS and Integration Best Practices (2009)

The rising adoption of software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications by enterprise organizations has been driven by deep dissatisfaction with on-premise applications, which require organizations to purchase and deploy infrastructure, overstock on licenses, and pay for expensive resources for customizations, upgrades, and on-going maintenance. The large upfront investments combined with unpredictable costs and an immeasurable return on investment have prompted organizations to seek cheaper less-risky alternatives. Many have found that SaaS applications, which require minimal or no infrastructure and maintenance, can be deployed quickly and have a predictable cost model representing less risk and a faster return on investment. The new demand has led to rapid innovation in SaaS applications, SaaS platforms, third-party SaaS add-ons, and SaaS integration tools. However, enterprise organizations still have the burden of integrating these applications with their back-office systems and on-premise applications, without which the SaaS applications have little to no value. Complex enterprise integration requirements challenge even the best SaaS solution providers today; there are still limitations and pitfalls to be wary of. In this paper, we describe some SaaS integration best practices, present a case study, and highlight emerging integration technologies that can help ease the burden of integrating SaaS applications.
On test generation with a limited number of tests (2003)

This paper considers a new test generation scheme in which a limitation of the number of tests exists. Since, in this scheme, correct fault coverage cannot be calculated by the representative faults, we present a method for calculating the correct fault coverage by using the weighted fault list. And then we propose a selection-based test generation method which derives a limited number of tests with higher fault coverage. The experimental results for IDDQ testing shows that our test generation method can generate tests with fault coverage close to the maximum fault coverage.
Effects of Ricean fading and data modulation on noncoherent PN sequence sequential acquisition schemes (2003)

The authors investigate the performance of various pseudonoise (PN) sequence acquisition schemes with data modulation in a Ricean fading channel. In particular, the fixed sample size test and the truncated sequential probability ratio test are studied in detail. In previous studies of sequential acquisition tests, the integrators in the correlation process were reset periodically to generate i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) samples, which introduces loss in the effective signal-to-noise ratio and hence degrades the system performance. The authors do not reset the integrators, and their decision samples are neither independent nor identically distributed. The probability density functions of the decision statistics are determined, and the decision thresholds for achieving the design false-alarm and miss probabilities can be calculated. However, the average sample size of a sequential test does not have a closed-form analytical solution, but is evaluated by simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conducting Transition Metal Oxides: Possibilities for RuO2 in VLSI Metallization (1988)

belongs to the group of transition metal dioxides which crystallize in tetragonal rutile structure and have low bulk metallic resistivities ranging from 30 to 100 μΩ‐cm. Because of the thermal stability and excellent diffusion barrier properties, they deserve a special notice as metallization alternatives in a variety of VLSI applications. We will discuss our recent work on characterization of reactively sputtered films of and will specifically explore correlations between oxygen‐induced stress and their microstructure and diffusion barrier properties.
Focus on emerging drugs for the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2014)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder in Western countries and is increasingly being recognized in developing nations. Fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of hepatic pathology, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease. Moreover, NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia and visceral obesity. The most recent guidelines suggest the management and treatment of patients with NAFLD considering both the liver disease and the associated metabolic co-morbidities. Diet and physical exercise are considered the first line of treatment for patients with NAFLD, but their results on therapeutic efficacy are often contrasting. Behavior therapy is necessary most of the time to achieve a sufficient result. Pharmacological therapy includes a wide variety of classes of molecules with different therapeutic targets and, often, little evidence supporting the real efficacy. Despite the abundance of clinical trials, NAFLD therapy remains a challenge for the scientific community, and there are no licensed therapies for NAFLD. Urgently, new pharmacological approaches are needed. Here, we will focus on the challenges facing actual therapeutic strategies and the most recent investigated molecules.
A modified through-flow wave rotor cycle with combustor bypass ducts (1997)

A wave rotor cycle is described which avoids the inherent problem of combustor exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) found in four-port, through-flow wave rotor cycles currently under consideration for topping gas turbine engines. The recirculated hot gas is eliminated by the judicious placement of a bypass duct which transfers gas from one end of the rotor to the other. The resulting cycle, when analyzed numerically, yields an absolute mean rotor temperature 18% below the already impressive value of the conventional four-port cycle (approximately the turbine inlet temperature). The absolute temperature of the gas leading to the combustor is also reduced from the conventional four-port design by 22%. The overall design point pressure ratio of this new bypass cycle is approximately the same as the conventional four-port cycle. This paper will describe the EGR problem and the bypass cycle solution including relevant wave diagrams. Performance estimates of design and off-design operation of a specific wave rotor will be presented. The results were obtained using a one-dimensional numerical simulation and design code.
Graph-Based Decoding in the Presence of ISI (2011)

We propose a new graph representation for ISI channels that can be used for combined equalization and decoding by linear programming (LP) or iterative message-passing (IMP) decoding algorithms. We derive this graph representation by linearizing the ML detection metric, which transforms the equalization problem into a classical decoding problem. We observe that the performance of LP and IMP decoding on this model are very similar in the uncoded case, while IMP decoding significantly outperforms LP decoding when low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are used. In particular, in the absence of coding, for certain classes of channels, both LP and IMP algorithms always find the exact ML solution using the proposed graph representation, without complexity that is exponential in the size of the channel memory. This applies even to certain two-dimensional ISI channels. However, for some other channel impulse responses, both decoders have nondiminishing probability of failure as SNR increases. We provide analytical explanations for many of these observations. In addition, we study the error events of LP decoding in the uncoded case, and derive a measure that can be used to classify ISI channels in terms of the performance of the proposed detection scheme.
Hydrocracking of Athabasca Bitumen Using Submicronic Multimetallic Catalysts at Near In-Reservoir Conditions (2010)

NiWMo submicronic catalysts from emulsified metallic aqueous solutions were tested for Athabasca bitumen upgrading. The experiments were performed in a batch reactor (100 mL capacity) at a total pressure of 3.45 MPa, a stirring speed of 500 rpm, reaction times of 3−70 h, and temperatures from 320 to 380 °C. Ultradispersed (UD) catalysts enhanced the upgrading of Athabasca bitumen by increasing the hydrogen/carbon ratio and reducing both viscosity and coke formation. The conversion of bitumen increased with both the temperature and reaction time, whereas viscosity, sulfur, and microcarbon residue (MCR) in the reaction products decreased. Catalytic particles tend to agglomerate and become incorporated within the incipient coke matrix that develops at a residue conversion beyond 50 wt %. Nevertheless, good properties of upgraded oil (API gravity, 16°; viscosity at 40 °C, 60 cP; and MCR, 11.1 wt %) are obtained during processing before the onset of solids precipitation.
Adoptive transfer of unresponsiveness to allogeneic skin grafts with hepatic gamma delta + T cells. (1994)

C3H/HEJ mice injected with irradiated multiple minor incompatible B10.BR lymphoid cells via the portal vein showed delayed rejection of subsequent B10.BR skin grafts. Similar delayed rejection was produced by lateral tail vein injection of B10.BR hepatic mononuclear cells or H-2k cells pulsed in vivo with B10 minor histocompatibility antigens. Inhibition of C3H anti-B10.BR immunity in vivo (assessed by delayed graft rejection) and in vitro (assessed by B10.BR-induced lymphokine production) can be transferred by radioresistant, plastic-adherent F4/80+33D1-CD4-CD8-alpha beta TcR-gamma delta TcR- mononuclear hepatic cells from (C3H/HEJ x C3H.SW)F1 mice injected 36 hr earlier with 100 x 10(6) irradiated spleen cells. By 10 days post-injection, cells transferring delayed rejection are radiosensitive, plastic non-adherent, F4/80-33D1-CD4-CD8- alpha beta Tc+- gamma delta TcR+ cells. Injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vivo into mice receiving pretreatment with B10.BR cells via the portal vein, or adoptive transfer into such mice of immune anti-B10.BR lymphoid cells, abolished delayed rejection on subsequent skin grafting. Delayed rejection or modulation of lymphokine production was associated in all cases with suppression of IL-2 production and preferential retention of IL-4 production from cells stimulated in vitro.
Direct interaction between sensor kinase proteins mediates acute and chronic disease phenotypes in a bacterial pathogen (2009)

The genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes over 60 two-component sensor kinases and uses several (including RetS and GacS) to reciprocally regulate the production of virulence factors involved in the development of acute or chronic infections. We demonstrate that RetS modulates the phosphorylation state of GacS by a direct and specific interaction between these two membrane-bound sensors. The RetS-GacS interaction can be observed in vitro, in heterologous systems in vivo, and in P. aeruginosa. This function does not require the predicted RetS phosphorelay residues and provides a mechanism for integrating multiple signals without cross-phosphorylation from sensors to noncognate response regulators. These results suggest that multiple two-component systems found in a single bacterium can form multisensor signaling networks while maintaining specific phosphorelay pathways that remain insulated from detrimental cross-talk.
Real-time prediction of torque availability of an IPM synchronous machine drive for hybrid electric vehicles (2005)

This paper presented a methodology for real-time prediction of the torque availabilities of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine and a high voltage (HV) battery sub-system for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Having the torque availabilities information available to vehicle system control (VSC) in real-time can ensure the optimal vehicle operations, while reducing vehicle control complexities. In addition, by knowing the real-time torque and power availabilities of the combined motor and battery subsystem, VSC can avoid issuing these commands that exceed the capabilities of the motor and the HV battery such that (a) the battery is protected from excessive draining or excessive over-charging, (b) the motor drive is protected from overheating, and (c) the degradations in vehicle performance due to underperformed motor drive are minimized. Hence, the ability to reliably predict the torque and power availabilities from the motor and HV battery in real-time is beneficial for optimal operations of a hybrid electric vehicle. Extensive test results are presented to validate the proposed algorithm. The methodology implemented here has been in use in fleet hybrid electric vehicles for the last two years
Generalized Sampling in Computer Graphics (2011)

Analysis and reconstruction filters are crucial in graphics. The signal processing community has recently developed new filtering strategies based on a generalization of the traditional sampling pipeline. The main idea is to select simple basis functions such as B-splines but to effectively reshape these kernels by adding a discrete transformation filter. This approach is not widely known to graphics practitioners. In this paper we introduce new notation to succinctly summarize important algorithms in generalized sampling. We also present and analyze novel algorithms, including supersampling for antialiased rendering, and image downscaling for mipmap creation. The advantages of generalized sampling are twofold. The non-negativity of B-spline kernels simplifies both importance-based integration and GPU evaluation. And, the broader support of the transformed kernels improves filtering quality. A key challenge is that the discrete transformation often involves inverse convolutions, but fortunately the associated linear systems are banded and can be parallelized.
Unique Primary Structure of 2‐Nitropropane Dioxygenase from <i>Hansenula Mrakii</i> (1994)

We have isolated the gene encoding 2-nitropropane dioxygenase from Hansenula mrakii, an FAD enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenative denitrification of various anionic nitroalkanes. The gene contained an open reading frame consisting of 1122 nucleotides corresponding to 374 amino acid residues. The protein molecular mass was estimated to be 41,466 Da, which was similar to the subunit molecular mass of the enzyme determined by SDS/PAGE. Several FAD enzymes such as D-amino acid oxidase and glucose oxidase also catalyze the oxidation of nitroalkanes as a side-reaction, although not so efficiently [Kido, T. & Soda, K. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234, 468-475]. However, we found no proteins in the databases (GenBank, EMBL, PIR and SWISS-PROT) which are homologous to 2-nitropropane dioxygenase of H. mrakii in primary structure. No protein motifs, including a nucleotide-binding motif, GXGXXG, were found in PROSITE, a database of biologically significant protein sites and patterns. Accordingly, 2-nitropropane dioxygenase is a new type of flavoprotein with a unique structure.
Preparation and Properties of GaAs-GaP, GaAs-Ge, and GaP-Ge Heterojunctions (1964)

Epitaxial films of and have been deposited on , , and Ge substrates by a vapor phase chemical reaction technique. The growth variables, such as source temperature, seed temperature, crystal orientation, surface preparation, and gas flow rate, have been investigated. The optimum conditions for the growth of epitaxial films and the electrical characteristics of these films are reported. junctions grown by a solution growth technique (TSM) are abrupt, whereas junctions grown by the vapor phase technique are graded. Detailed measurements of the I–V characteristics and capacitance of , , and abrupt heterojunctions are interpreted in terms of Anderson's model. Kinks in the I–V characteristic are explained by discontinuities in the valence and conduction bands.