gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Tomography Imaging Based on Higher Order Born Approximation of Diffuse Photon Density Waves (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a tomographical system suitable for imaging absorbers in strongly scattering media using a single light source-detector pair. Their reflective alignment would make it possible to implement both source and detector into a compact scan-head. Suitable probes would be soft tissue, some strongly scattering biological probes, or translucent technical materials, for example. An intensity-modulation technique is utilized to take advantage of the amplitude and delay alterations between the source and the detector. The propagation of the photons is modeled by the Helmholtz equation and then appropriate inverse calculations of several measurements reveal the distribution of the absorption coefficient inside the investigated volume. Therefore a reconstruction algorithm employing a Born approximation of higher order and a Tikhonov-regularization scheme were used to solve the deduced ill-posed and underdetermined system of equations. In this paper, we present results of simulations as well as of measurements.
The Lessons of Modern War; Volume I The Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1973-1989: Volume II The Iran-Iraq War: Volume III The Afghan and Falklands Conflicts (1991)

(1991). The Lessons of Modern War; Volume I The Arab-Israeli Conflicts, 1973-1989: Volume II The Iran-Iraq War: Volume III The Afghan and Falklands Conflicts. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 128-129.
Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis (2017)

PSC is associated with specific gut microbes independently of concomitant IBD and several bacterial taxa clearly distinguish IBD phenotypes (PSC-IBD and UC).
Large area and rapid thermal zone melting crystallization of silicon films on graphite substrates for photovoltaic use (2002)

Crystallized silicon thin films deposited on a low cost substrate have the potential to be applied for thin film solar cells. Silicon films, deposited on graphite substrates by sputtering or by the pyrolytic decomposition of silane (CVD), have been crystallized from the liquid phase. The line shaped molten zone is created by the radiation of a line electron beam and is moved at constant scan velocity (23 mm/s) across the graphite substrate. During the crystallization process silicon carbide forms preferentially at gaseous inclusions in the silicon. Schottky-diodes were fabricated on the crystallized silicon film. The crystallized silicon films were found to be unintentionally p-doped with a dopant concentration of p=5*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ (sputter deposited) and p=8*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ (CVD). The crystallized silicon/graphite interface builds an ohmic contact.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extracellular β‐glucosidase activity in barley involved in the hydrolysis of ABA glucose conjugate in leaves (2000)

Abscisic acid conjugate concentrations increased in barley xylem sap under salinity, whereas it remained at a low level in the intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of barley primary leaves (Hordeum vulgare cv. Gerbel). Here it is shown that IWF contains beta-glucosidase activity which releases abscisic acid (ABA) from the physiologically inactive ABA-glucose conjugate pool in the leaf apoplast. The following data support this conclusion and give the first biochemical and physiological characterization of the extracellular glucosidase activity in barley. Free ABA was released by the incubation of ABA glucose ester with IWF. The product exhibited the retention time of authentic ABA upon separation by thin layer chromatography and was identified by ABA-ELISA. p-Nitrophenol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was used as the substrate for beta-glucosidases. The K(M)(pNPG) was 1.8 mmol l(-1). The activity was affected by ABA glucopyranoside in a competitive type of inhibition with a K(I) of 400 micromol l(-1). Various hormone conjugates were compared with respect to their inhibitory effect on beta-glucosidase activity. Inhibition was highest for the ABA glucopyranoside and the zeatin riboside, but insignificant for ABA methyl ester and zeatin-9-beta-D-glucoside. The specific activity of the beta-glucosidase was 16-fold greater in IWF as compared to crude leaf extracts confirming its extracellular compartmentation. The activity of beta-glucosidase was strongly increased after growth in hydroponic medium supplemented with NaCl. The data support the hypothesis that the glucose conjugate is a long-distance transport form of ABA.
Structures, Relative Stabilities, and Vibrational Spectra of Isomers of HClO<sub>3</sub> (1996)

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been carried out to examine the relative stabilities and the spectroscopy of isomers of HClO3. The lowest energy structure is HOClO2, and its heat of formation at 0 K is calculated to be 4.2 kcal mol-1 as determined from G2 theory. The next lowest energy isomer is a skewed-straight chain HOOOCl. It is 4.9 kcal mol-1 above the lowest energy form. The two higher energy structures are HOOClO and the hypervalent HClO3. An examination of the vibrational and electronic spectra reveals spectral features that allow these species to be uniquely distinguished.
La fiche "AGEVEN" : un outil pour la collecte des données rétrospectives (1987)

r, La fiche ((AGEVEN)) permet, grâce a sa simplicite d’emploi, une meilleure datation des evenements et d’operer un classement respectif des evenements demographiques (naissances et deces), des changements matrimoniaux et des changements de lieux de residence. Les donnees obtenues servent a reconstituer avec precision les conditions socio-economiques au moment oh se produisent les evenements demographiques etudies.
Nonlinear analysis of a family of LC tuned inverters (1974)

A family of four static dc-to-square-wave transistor inverters has been analyzed employing state-plane techniques to describe the quasi -harmonic mode of oscillation commonly encountered in this family, as well as the less familiar relaxation oscillation and its limiting case, discontinuous oscillations. Design guidelines are provided through a study of the sensitivity of parameter changes which affect the oscillation characteristics of the inverter and its frequency stability. The analysis of one particular inverter of this family in which the avalanche breakdown of the transistor emitter-to-base junction occurs is presented. Finally the starting characteristics of this family of inverters are discussed with two illustrative examples. It is shown in this paper that close relationships exist between the family of LC tuned inverters and the previously analyzed saturable-core transistor inverters.
Mutagenesis of the C1 Oxidation Pathway in <i>Methanosarcina barkeri</i> : New Insights into the Mtr/Mer Bypass Pathway (2008)

A series of Methanosarcina barkeri mutants lacking the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the C1 oxidation/reduction pathway were constructed. Mutants lacking the methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT):coenzyme M (CoM) methyltransferase-encoding operon (delta mtr), the methylene-H4MPT reductase-encoding gene (delta mer), the methylene-H4MPT dehydrogenase-encoding gene (delta mtd), and the formyl-methanofuran:H4MPT formyl-transferase-encoding gene (delta ftr) all failed to grow using either methanol or H2/CO2 as a growth substrate, indicating that there is an absolute requirement for the C1 oxidation/reduction pathway for hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogenesis. The mutants also failed to grow on acetate, and we suggest that this was due to an inability to generate the reducing equivalents needed for biosynthetic reactions. Despite their lack of growth on methanol, the delta mtr and delta mer mutants were capable of producing methane from this substrate, whereas the delta mtd and delta ftr mutants were not. Thus, there is an Mtr/Mer bypass pathway that allows oxidation of methanol to the level of methylene-H4MPT in M. barkeri. The data further suggested that formaldehyde may be an intermediate in this bypass; however, no methanol dehydrogenase activity was found in delta mtr cell extracts, nor was there an obligate role for the formaldehyde-activating enzyme (Fae), which has been shown to catalyze the condensation of formaldehyde and H4MPT in vitro. Both the delta mer and delta mtr mutants were able to grow on a combination of methanol plus acetate, but they did so by metabolic pathways that are clearly distinct from each other and from previously characterized methanogenic pathways.
Coherent synthesis using carrier-envelope phase-controlled pulses from a dual-color femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (2007)

By using a dual-color femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO), a coherent waveform was synthesized from two coresonant near-infrared signal pulses whose center wavelengths had a separation of 100 nm. Immediately after the OPO cavity the pulses had independent carrier-envelope phase-slip frequencies, and synthesis was achieved by shifting these frequencies using an acousto-optic modulator driven by an internally generated difference frequency. Soliton self-frequency shifted pulses from a photonic crystal fiber and a cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (XFROG) measurement were used to analyze the result of the synthesis experiment and revealed that the synthesized waveform was a train of high-contrast 30 fs pulses.
Discriminative Keyword Spotting (2007)

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Competitive displacement: A sensitive and selective method for the detection of unlabeled molecules (2007)

We propose a new method for molecular detection that retains the sensitivity of fluorescence, but without requiring fluorescence labeling of the sample. The method works by spiking the sample solution with one or more labeled molecular species of known concentration. With proper choice of these "competitor" species, their binding kinetics can be used to quantitatively determine the concentration of unlabeled target species. This method can be applied to any fluorescence transduction mechanism that allows real-time signal acquisition, and represents an advance in mitigating certain sample processing steps. We demonstrate the method for the detection of a DNA sequence containing a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
Quantitative Analysis of Neonatal Intrapersonal Synchrony between Crying Vocalization and Arm Movement (1991)

Neonatal microrhythms and their intrapersonal synchrony between crying vocalization and arm movement were preliminarily researched using a newly developed quantitative analyzing methodology aimed at developing a neurological assessment index. Subjects were twelve 1- to 17-day-old full-term appropriate-for-date neonates. Significant synchronous as well as lagged relationships between crying vocalization and arm movement were revealed. It was found that at the beginning of the cry, movement preceded the cry, while there was no dominant action seen at the end of the cry. It is suggested that this methodology is important as a possible indicator of the integrity of early neural mechanisms.
Fuzzy-based recognition of human front faces using the trapezoidal membership function (2002)

A fuzzy-based recognition method of human front faces using the trapezoidal membership function is proposed. In the preprocessing step, we extract the face part from the background image by tracking face boundaries under the assumption that the face part is located in the center of a captured image with homogeneous background. Then based on the a priori knowledge of human faces we extract five normalized features. In the recognition step, we propose a fuzzy-based algorithm that employs a trapezoidal membership function that absorbs the variation of feature values of the same person. Computer simulation results with 80 test images of 20 persons show that the proposed method yields higher recognition rate than the conventional ones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temporal Patterning of Agitation and Stressors Associated With Agitation: Case Profiles to Illustrate the Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold Model (2005)

BACKGROUND: Stressors in persons with dementia (PWD) are often unrecognized until serving to trigger challenging behaviors, such as agitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine temporal patterning of stressors associated with agitation in PWD as postulated in the progressively lowered stress threshold (PLST) model. STUDY DESIGN: Baseline data of agitation from an intervention study of 39 cognitively impaired elders residing in a long-term care facility were analyzed. A modified Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory was used during a 3-week period to document the frequency of agitation twice weekly for an hour during estimated “peak levels of agitation.” Anecdotal notes documented stressors. RESULTS: Case profiles were developed to illustrate factors identified in the PLST model that may contribute to stress and cause agitation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that temporal patterning of agitated behaviors in PWD may be predictable based on the PLST model. Recognizing early signs of agitation and its underlying meaning can facilitate timely and appropriate intervention by psychiatric nurses.
Analysis and design of harmonic suppression circuit with quasi-square wave compensation (2009)

The circuit principle and harmonic characteristics of peak current mode Boost converter are analyzed, the voltage loop and the current loop are adopted to keep the input current in the same phase with the input voltage. A novel harmonic suppression technology with quasi-square wave compensation is presented in this paper, The input current harmonic components and harmonic contents are reduced by compensating the input reference current to quasi-square wave, Quasi-square wave compensation circuit is designed, and circuit simulation is carried on with Saber software, and harmonic spectrums of the input current are analyzed also. The result indicates that harmonic components of the input current in the compensated circuit are within the harmonic components limitation for IEC 61000-3-2, and the ideal harmonic suppression effect is achieved. The compensation circuit is easy to be realized, it have the advantages of high performance and low cost and is suitable for small-wattage switching power supply.
Four methods to estimate the fractal dimension from self-affine signals (medical application) (1992)

Four methods for estimating the fractal dimension, namely, relative dispersion, correlation, rescaled range, and Fourier (spectral) analysis, are described. Modifications of these methods for use on self-similar or self-affine signals are presented. It is found that correlation analysis and rescaled range analysis yield seriously biased results under many circumstances. Relative dispersion analysis is well suited for long signals. Spectral analysis gives the least biased results, and also has lowest variance in the estimates of the fractal dimension.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nationwide Trends in Mastectomy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2014)

In the past decade, there have been marked trends toward higher proportions of BCS-eligible patients undergoing mastectomy, breast reconstruction, and bilateral mastectomy. The greatest increases are seen in women with node-negative and in situ disease. Mastectomy rates do not yet exceed current American Cancer Society/American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer accreditation benchmarks. Further research is needed to understand factors associated with these trends and their implications for performance measurement in American Cancer Society/American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer centers.
A GaN-based surface-emitting laser with 45°-inclined mirror in horizontal cavity (2008)

A novel GaN-based surface-emitting laser was realized by utilizing total internal reflection (TIR) by an inclined mirror formed at one end of the horizontal cavity of an edge-emitting laser. The inclined mirror was fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) etching. The mirror was inclined by 45° with respect to the surface normal. The guided light propagating along the horizontal-cavity is reflected at the mirror to the surface normal. We analyzed optical losses in the laser. To increase the external quantum efficiency, removal of an FIB-damaged layer and precise control of the mirror angle are important. Argon-milling was applied to the FIB-etched surface to remove the FIB-damaged layer which causes an optical loss. The fabricated device with the stripe width of 8 µm and the cavity length of 600 μm lased at 390 nm with a threshold current of 260 mA. Surface-emission was obtained with beam divergence angles of 24.0° and 6.2°, corresponding to perpendicular and parallel to the junction plane, respectively. The presented surface-emitting laser is suitable to form high-power GaN-based 2D laser arrays.
Improved imaging properties of thin attenuated phase shift masks for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2013)

The mask shadowing effect is a unique phenomenon caused by a mirror-based mask structure and an oblique incident angle of light in the extreme ultraviolet lithography process. This results in a horizontal–vertical (H–V) bias, an ellipticity in the contact hole pattern and, eventually, a patterning limit and critical dimension (CD) nonuniformity. Reducing the absorber thickness is the most effective method to minimize the mask shadowing effect, but this can deteriorate the mask image contrast. In this paper, an attenuated phase shift mask (PSM) is proposed as a potential method for extending the patterning limit to below 16 nm. By applying Mo as a phase shift layer, which has a refractive index (n) similar to that of the TaN absorber but with a lower absorption value, thin attenuated PSMs with various reflectivity values were obtained by controlling the Mo thickness. The proposed PSM consists of a 16.5-nm-thick TaN absorber layer and a 24-nm-thick Mo phase shifter on 2-nm-thick Ru-capped Mo/Si multilayers. This attenuated PSM results in 17.98% and 27.52% reductions in the mask error enhancement factor as well as 3.65 and 1.84 nm reductions in the H–V CD bias compared with the conventional binary intensity mask with a 70-nm-thick TaN absorber for the 22 nm line and space 1:1 vertical dense pattern under 0.25 and 0.33 numerical aperture illumination conditions, respectively. Moreover, a 10%–12% improved image contrast was obtained with 11%–17% reflectivity on the absorber stack, which corresponds to a 24–29 nm Mo thickness under 0.25 NA illumination conditions.
A modern animal farm (1986)

A remarkable short story from one of the unofficial journals circulating at the time of China's ‘Democracy Movement’
Robust Method of Fabricating Epitaxially Encapsulated MEMS Devices with Large Gaps (2017)

This paper presents a novel wafer-level thin-film encapsulation process that allows both narrow and wide trenches, which are necessary for traditional structures such as combdrives. Fully functional devices with trench widths up to 50 μm are fabricated by employing a vapor phase XeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> isotropic silicon etch to create large cavities and an epitaxial deposition seal to encapsulate the devices in an ultra-clean, high vacuum environment with no native oxide and humidity. In this paper, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed fabrication process, as well as the inherent benefits of the high-temperature epitaxial encapsulation process: high quality factor, extreme stability, exceptional aging, and fatigue performance. [2017-0098].
Cyclic guanidines. IX. Synthesis of 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazolines as blood platelet aggregation inhibitors. (1980)

A series of aryl-or aralky-substituted 2-amino-3, 4-dihydroquinazolines and related compounds were synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity towards collagen-and ADP-induced aggregation of rat blood platelet in vitro and ex vivo. A group of 3-benzyl-substituted derivatives had potent activity. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems (1991)

IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems describes the creation of this remarkable system and the developments it spawned, including its successor, System/370. No new product offering has had greater impact on the computer industry than the IBM System/360. IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems describes the creation of this remarkable system and the developments it spawned, including its successor, System/370. The authors tell how System/360's widely-copied architecture came into being and how IBM failed in an effort to replace it ten years later with a bold development effort called FS, the Future System. Along the way they detail the development of many computer innovations still in use, among them semiconductor memories, the cache, floppy disks, and Winchester disk files. They conclude by looking at issues involved in managing research and development and striving for product leadership. While numerous anecdotal and fragmentary accounts of System/360 and System/370 development exist, this is the first comprehensive account, a result of research into IBM records, published reports, and interviews with over a hundred participants. Covering the period from about 1960 to 1975, it highlights such important topics as the gamble on hybrid circuits, conception and achievement of a unified product line, memory and storage developments, software support, unique problems at the high end of the line, monolithic integrated circuit developments, and the trend toward terminal-oriented systems. System/360 was developed during the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits at the crucial time when the major source of IBM's revenue was changed from punched-card equipment to electronic computer systems. As the authors point out, the key to the system's success was compatibility among its many models. So important was this to customers that System/370 and its successors have remained compatible with System/360. Many companies in fact chose to develop and market their own 360-370 compatible systems. System/360 also spawned an entire industry dedicated to making plug-compatible products for attachment to it. The authors, all affiliated with IBM Research, are coauthors of IBM's Early Computers, a critically acclaimed technical history covering the period before 1960.
Response to Cabozantinib in Patients with <i>RET</i> Fusion-Positive Lung Adenocarcinomas (2013)

The discovery of RET fusions in lung cancers has uncovered a new therapeutic target for patients whose tumors harbor these changes. In an unselected population of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), RET fusions are present in 1% to 2% of cases. This incidence increases substantially, however, in never-smokers with lung adenocarcinomas that lack other known driver oncogenes. Although preclinical data provide experimental support for the use of RET inhibitors in the treatment of RET fusion-positive tumors, clinical data on response are lacking. We report preliminary data for the first three patients treated with the RET inhibitor cabozantinib on a prospective phase II trial for patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLCs (NCT01639508). Confirmed partial responses were observed in 2 patients, including one harboring a novel TRIM33-RET fusion. A third patient with a KIF5B-RET fusion has had prolonged stable disease approaching 8 months (31 weeks). All three patients remain progression-free on treatment.