gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging retinal degeneration in mice by combining Fourier domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescent scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2009)

Visualization of the internal structures of the retina is critical for clinical diagnosis and monitoring of pathology as well as for medical research investigating the root causes of retinal degeneration. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is emerging as the preferred technique for non-contact sub-surface depth-resolved imaging of the retina. The high resolution cross sectional images acquired in vivo by OCT can be compared to histology to visually delineate the retinal layers. The recent demonstration of the significant sensitivity increase obtained through use of Fourier domain (FD) detection with OCT has been used to facilitate high speed scanning for volumetric reconstruction of the retina in software. The images acquired by OCT are purely structural, relying on refractive index differences in the tissue for contrast, and do not provide information on the molecular content of the sample. We have constructed a FDOCT prototype and combined it with a fluorescent Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (fSLO) to permit real time alignment of the field of view on the retina. The alignment of the FDOCT system to the specimen is crucial for the registration of measurements taken throughout longitudinal studies. In addition, fluorescence detection has been integrated with the SLO to enable the en face localization of a molecular contrast signal, which is important for retinal angiography, and also for detection of autofluorescence associated with some forms of retinal degeneration, for example autofluorescence lipofuscin accumulations are associated with Stargardt's Macular Dystrophy. The integrated FD OCT/fSLO system was investigated for imaging the retina of the mice in vivo.
Steroidal Aldosterone Blockers. III<sup>1,2</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroidal Aldosterone Blockers. III1,2EDWARD A. BROWN, ROBERT D. MUIR, and JOHN A. CELLACite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 1, 96–99Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01071a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01071a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Organo-Metallic Phosphates and Their Role in Plant Nutrition (1971)

Stable organo-mineral phosphates of varying solubility were prepared by direct interaction ofhumic and fulvic-iron complexes with phosphorus. Study of kinetics of isotopic exchange of phosphorus in these compounds suggested that these compounds are fairly stable and possess varying degrees of solubility and mobility. Studies on the possibility of their uptake by plants by using radio-active indicators suggested that phosphorus in these compounds is absorbed as intensively as in the ionic form.
Hepatitis-B Vaccine: Its Implication to the Field of Medicine (2019)

Hepatitis B infection is a highly communicable viral infection which affects liver. The virus is usually present in the body fluids of infected individuals and can be transmitted through sexual contact, perinatal exposure, blood transfusion, contaminated needles and syringes. Vaccination is mandatory for individuals at high risk as the virus can be transmitted even through insignificant amount of body fluids and result in life-threatening consequences. The existing vaccine developed for this viral infection is highly disputable for its duration of immunity. Studies on immune memory and duration of immunity provided by the vaccine have shown varying results. This review provides an overview on hepatitis B vaccine with emphasis on the duration of immunity provided by the vaccine and its implications in the medical field.
Sensor Monitoring in the Home: Giving Voice to Elderly People (2013)

This paper describes the approach used to identify elderly people's needs and attitudes towards applying ambient sensor systems for monitoring daily activities in the home. As elderly are typically unfamiliar with such ambient technology, interactive tools for explicating sensor monitoring -an inter
Electronic system packaging: the search for manufacturing the optimum in a sea of constraints (1990)

Manufacturing electronic systems is a multicomponent, multichip, hybrid design process which spans the life of the product. The design constraint list is not limitless, but if incomplete, can lead to economic loss for the product. Details of some of the constraints that affect system performance, reliability, materials selection, and the assembly of the product are presented. The electronic constraints include chip crossing delay, fan out (number of receivers on a driven net), crosstalk (unwanted electromagnetic coupling between independent signal lines and power supplies), DC voltage drop, the number of simultaneously switched line drives and reflections of signal waves from discontinuities in transmission line networks. The power dissipation constraints include maximum junction temperature, ambient temperature and pressure drop conditions, and component-to-component temperature variation. The cost constraints include materials, fabrication, and assembly. Some of the mathematical constraints are defined, along with the coupling between them and optimum solutions are shown graphically. The ability to resolve the system manufacturing constraints through optimization will determine the final success of a product.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amplification of a 29.7 kb Region of the Factor VIII Gene Using the Expand™ PCR System (1996)

Haemophilia A is due to inherited defects in the gene that encodes the blood coagulation protein factor VIII. The relatively large size of the factor VIII gene, which contains 26 exons spanning approximately 190 kb (Figure 1), and its tissue-specific expression have made characterization of defects difficult. Mutations within this gene are diverse and, except for a common partial gene inversion in 10 – 20% of cases, defects range from single point mutations to large deletions. Large deletions within the factor VIII gene account for 5% of mutations causing haemophilia A, and the size and position of these defects do not appear to show any preference for certain regions of the gene. Most large deletions cause a severe clinical phenotype, and up to a third of these patients are associated with the development of inhibitors following factor VIII treatment. Some 78 different deletions have been reported in the literature, although less than half of these deletions have been well mapped and only a few have had their breakpoints characterized (1). The traditional method of characterizing deletions has been restriction enzyme mapping by Southern blot analysis. We have used the ExpandTM Long Template PCR System to span several exons within the factor VIII gene to determine the presence and extent of a large deletion in the exons of a family with severe haemophilia A. NEIL S. VAN DE WATER1,2, RUTH WILLIAMS2, and PETER J. BROWETT1,2 Department of Haematology, Auckland Hospital1 and Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland2, Auckland, New Zealand e-mail: n.vandewater@auckland.ac.nz
An efficient algorithm for data association in multitarget tracking (1995)

An efficient algorithm is developed to compute the a posteriori probabilities of the origins of measurements in the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF). The inherited parallelism of this algorithm enables it to be suitable for implementation in a multiprocessor system. In this algorithm the a posteriori probability of the origin of each measurement in the JPDAF is decomposed into two parts. The computation of one part becomes trivial and the algorithm developed here is implemented on the other part, which is shown to be related to permanents. The computational complexity of this algorithm is analyzed in the worst case as well as in the average case. An analysis of this algorithm enables us to conclude that this algorithm is more efficient than other existing ones in the average case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Feeding Palmitic, Oleic, and Linoleic Acids to Japanese Quail Hens (Coturnix coturnix japonica). (1991)

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (Diet PA), oleic acid (Diet OA), or linoleic acid (Diet LA) on reproductive performance, fatty acid composition of egg yolk, plasma, and liver, and total plasma phosphorus of Japanese quail. Each diet was fed to 20 individually caged hens from 5 wk of age. A 24-wk production period started at 8 wk of age. Fertile eggs for incubation were obtained by placing at random a male in the cage with the female for 15 to 20 min twice per week. The males were kept in separate individual cages and fed a turkey grower diet throughout. Feed consumption, egg production, egg output, and the number of chicks per hen were higher (P less than .05) in birds fed Diet PA than in those fed Diet OA or Diet LA. Hatchability was not different (P greater than .05) between Diet PA and Diet OA, but they were higher (P less than .05) than that of Diet LA. Quail weight at hatch from birds fed Diet LA was heavier (P less than .05) than those from Diet OA, but not different (P greater than .05) from those fed Diet PA. Total plasma phosphorus concentration was higher (P less than .05) in birds fed Diet PA than in those fed Diet LA. High levels of oleic and linoleic acids were found in egg yolk, plasma, and liver lipids from birds fed Diet OA and Diet LA, respectively. Feeding Diet PA resulted in elevated levels of palmitoleic acid in all three tissues. The highest overall reproductive performance on Diet PA suggests that palmitic acid has some physiological role in reproduction. The sustained near-maximal levels of egg production and fertility achieved in this trial indicate the superiority of the mating procedure, which would also permit testing the response of male and female birds while minimizing injuries incurred by the females.
Prevention of Vaginal SHIV Transmission in Rhesus Macaques Through Inhibition of CCR5 (2004)

Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are urgently needed. Using a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV SF162), which is tropic for the chemokine receptor CCR5, we report that topical application of high doses of PSC-RANTES, an amino terminus-modified analog of the chemokine RANTES, provided potent protection against vaginal challenge in rhesus macaques. These experimental findings have potentially important implications for understanding vaginal transmission of HIV and the design of strategies for its prevention.
Coupling of Airway Smooth Muscle Bitter Taste Receptors to Intracellular Signaling and Relaxation Is via Gαi1,2,3 (2017)

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) and evoke marked relaxation. Agonist interaction with TAS2Rs activates phospholipase C and increases compartmentalized intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) via inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate. In taste cells, the G protein gustducin couples TAS2R to phospholipase C; however, we find very low levels of G<sub>αgust</sub> mRNA or protein in HASM. We hypothesized that another G protein in HASM transmits TAS2R function. TAS2R signaling to [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and physiologic relaxation was sensitive to pertussis toxin, confirming a role for a member of the G<sub>i</sub> family. α subunit expression in HASM was G<sub>αi2</sub> > G<sub>αi1</sub> = G<sub>αi3</sub> > G<sub>αtrans1</sub> ≈ G<sub>αtrans2</sub>, with G<sub>αgust</sub> and G<sub>αo</sub> at the limits of detection (>100-fold lower than G<sub>αi2</sub>). Small interfering RNA knockdowns in HASM showed losses of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and ERK1/2 signaling when G<sub>αi1</sub>, G<sub>αi2</sub>, or G<sub>αi3</sub> were reduced. G<sub>αtrans1</sub> and G<sub>αtrans2</sub> knockdowns had no effect on [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> and a minimal, transient effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, G<sub>αgust</sub> and G<sub>αo</sub> knockdowns did not affect any TAS2R signaling. In overexpression experiments in human embryonic kidney-293T cells, we confirmed an agonist-dependent physical interaction between TAS2R14 and G<sub>αi2</sub>. ASM cells from transgenic mice expressing a peptide inhibitor of G<sub>αi2</sub> had attenuated relaxation to TAS2R agonist. These data indicate that, unlike in taste cells, TAS2Rs couple to the prevalent G proteins, G<sub>αi1</sub>, G<sub>αi2</sub>, and G<sub>αi3</sub>, with no evidence for functional coupling to G<sub>αgust</sub>. This absence of function for the "canonical" TAS2R G protein in HASM may be due to the very low expression of G<sub>αgust</sub>, indicating that TAS2Rs can optionally couple to several G proteins in a cell type-dependent manner contingent upon G protein expression.
Increased Susceptibility to LPS-induced Endotoxin Shock in Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor (SLPI)-deficient Mice (2003)

Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) protects tissue against the destructive action of neutrophil elastase at the site of inflammation. Recent studies on new functions of SLPI have demonstrated that SLPI may play a larger role in innate immunity than merely as a protease inhibitor. To clarify the functions of SLPI in bacterial infections, we generated SLPI-deficient mice (SLPI(-/-) mice) and analyzed their response to experimental endotoxin shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SLPI(-/-) mice showed a higher mortality from endotoxin shock than did wild type mice. This may be explained in part by our observation that SLPI(-/-) macro-phages show higher interleukin 6 and high-mobility group (HMG)-1 production and nuclear factor kappaB activities after LPS treatment than do SLPI(+/+) macrophages. SLPI also affects B cell function. SLPI(-/-) B cells show more proliferation and IgM production after LPS treatment than SLPI(+/+) B cells. Our results suggest that SLPI attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and thus assures balanced functioning of innate immunity.
Improvement in Particle Separation by Hollow Fiber Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and the Potential Use in Obtaining Particle Size Distribution (1999)

Particle separation in hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF-FlFFF) has been greatly improved by experimentation. Flow optimization and the use of an appropriate carrier solution allow for separation of particles by HF-FlFFF to reach nearly the level of separation efficiency normally achieved by a conventional flow FFF system. The retention ratio in HF-FlFFF is confirmed to R ≅ 4λ for a highly retained component. The effect of focusing/relaxation point and the theoretical considerations of particle retention in HF-FlFFF through experimentation are discussed. The current work attempts to measure the particle size distribution of a laboratory-prepared polydisperse polystyrene latex sample, and the resulting size distribution, show a reasonable agreement with that obtained by capillary hydrodynamic fractionation. The efforts made in this work could provide possibilities for an HF-FlFFF system that can be developed into a system using a disposable and inexpensive fiber (channel in flow FFF).
Severe Diffuse Intracranial Vasospasm as a Cause of Extensive Migrainous Cerebral Infarction (1993)

We report on a 47-year-old white female with a long history of recurrent episodes of migraine with aura, who progressed to develop a continuous intractable headache during the course of which cortical blindness and quadriparesis occurred due to extensive and bilateral hemispheric cerebral infarction. Severe diffuse intracranial major arterial vasospasm was demonstrated by arteriogram. All studies were negative for CNS vasculitis, including cerebral biopsy. The arterial spasm reversed itself, but the patient did not improve. Smoking was the only additional risk factor. Vasospasm is an important cause to be considered in migrainous infarctions. The use of vasoconstrictor agents such as DHE in patients with migraine with prolonged aura has to be carefully re-evaluated.
Security Policy Violations in SDN Data Plane (2018)

Software-defined networking (SDN) utilizes a centralized controller to distribute packet processing rules to network switches. However, rules are often generated by the applications developed by different organizations, so they may conflict with each other in data plane and lead to violations with security rules. The problem is similar to firewall conflicts in IP networks. Rule conflict resolution should incur negligible process delay, such that all rules can be correctly and safely enforced in the data plane in real time. However, since SDN allows users to use more than 35 fields to specify rules (including field transition rules), it is much more complicated to prevent enforcement of SDN rules from violating with security rules than to resolve firewall rule violation, and in particular, field transition rules are enforced. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to resolve such rule conflicts in real time before the rules are installed in SDN data plane. In this paper, we investigate the rule conflict problem in SDN and identify new covert channel attacks due to rule conflicts. To the end, we propose the covert channel defender (CCD) that prevents covert channel attacks by verifying and resolving rule conflicts. Specifically, CCD tracks all rule insertion and modification messages from applications running on the controller. It analyzes the correlation among rules based on multiple packet header fields and resolves any identified rule conflict in real time before rule installation. We implement CCD with the Floodlight controller and evaluate its performance with the real-world Stanford topology. We show that CCD can efficiently detect and prevent rule conflicts in the data plane that may raise covert channels within hundreds of microseconds and brings small overhead to the packet delivery.
Liver injury associated with ketoconazole: Review of the published evidence (2014)

The azole antifungal agent ketoconazole has been available since 1981 for the treatment of fungal infections. In 2013, the American Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency issued warnings or prohibitions against the clinical use of oral ketoconazole due to the risk of liver injury which may lead to liver transplantation or death. From the available published evidence it is difficult to determine the actual incidence or prevalence of liver injury during clinical use of ketoconazole as an antifungal. Hepatic injury, when it occurs, is generally evident as asymptomatic and reversible abnormalities of liver function tests. However, serious liver injury has been reported. Alternatives to ketoconazole (such as itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, and terbinafine) are available, but improved safety with respect to liver injury risk is not clearly established. We are not aware of published reports of significant ketoconazole-associated liver injury in volunteer study participants when ketoconazole has been used as a CYP3A inhibitor in the context of clinical research on drug metabolism. Possible alternatives to ketoconazole as prototype CYP3A inhibitors include ritonavir and potentially itraconazole, but not clarithromycin.
Degradation and crosslinking of polyisoprene in <i>Hevea Brasiliensis</i> latex during processing and storage (1960)

Abstract It has been found that storage hardening in rubber is inhibited by certain amines and reagents for carbonyl compounds. The technological importance and theoretical significance of these observations are discussed. It is postulated that carbonyl groups present in the rubber molecule are responsible for crosslinking on storage of dry rubber, while it is known that peroxidation is responsible for degradative changes and a major part of the crosslinking of rubber in preserved latex.
On Delivery Guarantees and Worst-Case Forwarding Bounds of Elementary Face Routing Components in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (2010)

In this paper, we provide a thorough theoretical study on delivery guarantees, loop-free operation, and worst-case behavior of face and combined greedy-face routing. We show that under specific planar topology control schemes, recovery from a greedy routing failure is always possible without changing between any adjacent faces. Guaranteed delivery then follows from guaranteed recovery while traversing the very first face. In arbitrary planar graphs, however, a proper face selection mechanism is of importance since recovery from a greedy routing failure may require visiting a sequence of faces before greedy routing can be restarted again. We provide complete and formal proofs that several proposed face routing and combined greedy-face routing schemes guarantee message delivery in specific planar graph classes or even in arbitrary planar graphs. We also discuss the reasons why other methods fail to deliver a message or even end up in a loop. In addition, we investigate the behavior of face routing in arbitrary not necessarily planar networks and show, while delivery guarantees cannot be supported in such a general case, most face and combined greedy-face routing variants support at least loop-free operation. For those variants, we derive worst-case upper bounds on the number of forwarding steps.