gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does Exogenous Coenzyme Q10 Affect Aerobic Capacity in Endurance Athletes? (1997)

The effect of orally supplemented coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on plasma CoQ10 concentration and aerobic capacity in endurance athletes was evaluated. Eighteen volunteer male road cyclists and triathletes, 8 in a CoQ10 supplementation group (QG) and 10 in a placebo group (PG), successfully completed the experimental protocol. Subjects were evaluated during and following graded cycling exercise tests, which were performed before and after 28 days of supplementation with 1 mg.kg-1.day-1 of CoQ10 or placebo. The presupplementation plasma CoQ10 concentration was significantly increased from 0.91 +/- 0.13 microgram.ml-1 to 1.97 +/- 0.27 microgram.ml-1 in QG following supplementation (p < .05). However, the CoQ10 supplementation regime had no consistently significant effect on oxygen uptake, anaerobic and respiratory compensation thresholds, blood lactate, glucose and triglyceride kinetics, heart rate, and blood pressure during and after graded cycling to exhaustion.
Movie Emotional Event Detection based on Music Mood and Video Tempo (2006)

Movie is one of the most important entertainments in the history of mankind. But as interests of viewers are various, it's difficult to deal with their requirements by only one principle. In this paper, we develop modules for detecting video tempo and music mood, and present three applications about movie analysis. After applying these two modules we recognize mood of music and develop three applications: music event detection, emotional event detection, and original sound tracks (OST) visualization. Subjective tests show that the mean opinion scores of the experimental results are good.
Gold-Containing Indoles as Anticancer Agents That Potentiate the Cytotoxic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (2012)

This report describes the design and application of several distinct gold-containing indoles as anticancer agents. When used individually, all gold-bearing compounds display cytostatic effects against leukemia and adherent cancer cell lines. However, two gold-bearing indoles show unique behavior by increasing the cytotoxic effects of clinically relevant levels of ionizing radiation. Quantifying the amount of DNA damage demonstrates that each gold-indole enhances apoptosis by inhibiting DNA repair. Both Au(I)-indoles were tested for inhibitory effects against various cellular targets including thioredoxin reductase, a known target of several gold compounds, and various ATP-dependent kinases. While neither compound significantly inhibits the activity of thioreoxin reductase, both showed inhibitory effects against several kinases associated with cancer initiation and progression. The inhibition of these kinases provides a possible mechanism for the ability of these Au(I)-indoles to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Clinical applications of combining Au(I)-indoles with ionizing radiation are discussed as a new strategy to achieve chemosensitization of cancer cells.
Published Corporate Accounting Data and Stock Prices (1967)

Published accounting reports-the balance sheet, income statement, and funds statement-are prepared for the use of investors, creditors, and others with whom the accountant is not in direct contact. It is therefore difficult for him to determine which data they find useful. Consequently, several arguments have arisen as to which data are the best. Examples of these competing theories are the current operating performance concept versus clean surplus, price level versus historical cost depreciation, and sales versus cash flow versus net income. Even if accountants knew which constructs were best, other questions would remain. For example, are the annual data published in corporate reports used by investors to make decisions? Do quarterly reports add useful information? Most corporations publish comparative data that date back many years. Do stockholders use these past data? This paper seeks to answer some of these questions by determining, empirically, which published data are used by investors, as reflected by changes in the market price of common stocks. To provide a meaningful test, the relationship between common stock prices, published accounting information and other factors is specified first. Then models are developed that describe how investors may use, published accounting data. Finally the model is tested with relevant data, and conclusions are drawn.
Recognition of Sensitized Longest Paths in Transition Delay Test (2006)

The progress of design and fabrication technologies has led to an increase in small delay failures in systems-on-a-chip. To evaluate the delay testing quality accurately, the authors have already proposed a statistical approach that calculates actual sensitized path lengths that detect small delay defects in the transition delay test. However, the calculation requires a huge amount of CPU time. This paper presents a much more efficient method to calculate the sensitized longest path lengths and experimental results regarding CPU time and accuracy. The experiments show that this calculation method has high speed and high accuracy
The Acenes:  Is There a Relationship between Aromatic Stabilization and Reactivity? (2001)

[reaction--see text] Despite the increasing reactivity from benzene to heptacene, the acene resonance energies per pi electron are nearly constant. The reactivities (computed activation energies) of the individual acene rings correlate with the reaction energies and depend on the product stabilities. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS; note the sizes of the red dots, above) indicate that the more reactive inner rings actually are more aromatic than the less reactive outer rings and even more aromatic than benzene itself.
A positive-working alkaline developable photoresist based on partially tert-Boc-protected calix[4]resorcinarene and a photoacid generator (2001)

A positive working low-molecular-weight photoresist based on partially t-Boc protected tetra-C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (t-Boc C-4-R) and a photoacid generator (PAG), diphenyliodonium 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate (DIAS) has been developed. t-Boc C-4-Rs were prepared by the reaction of C-4-R with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). A clear film cast from a 20 wt% t-Boc C-4-R solution in cyclohexanone showed high transparency to UV above 300 nm. The appropriate t-Boc protecting ratio was about 60 mol% in view of adhesion, deprotection temperature and dissolution rate. The photoresist consisting of 60 mol% t-Boc C-4-R (95 wt%) and DIAS (5 wt%) showed a sensitivity of 13 mJ cm−2 and a contrast of 12.6 when it was exposed to 365 nm light and postbaked at 105 °C for 90 s, followed by developing with a 2.38 wt% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at room temperature. A fine positive image featuring 1.5 µm of minimum line and space patterns was observed on the film of the photoresist exposed to 40 mJ cm−2 of UV-light at 365 nm by the contact mode.
Chromosome Segregation Defects Contribute to Aneuploidy in Normal Neural Progenitor Cells (2003)

Recent studies based predominantly on nucleotide hybridization techniques have identified aneuploid neurons and glia in the normal brain. To substantiate these findings and address how neural aneuploidy arises, we examined individual neural progenitor cells (NPCs) undergoing mitosis. Here we report the identification of chromosomal segregation defects in normal NPCs of the mouse cerebral cortex. Immunofluorescence in fixed tissue sections revealed the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and lagging chromosomes among mitotic NPCs. The extent of aneuploidy followed the prevalence of supernumerary centrosomes within distinct cell populations. Real-time imaging of live NPCs revealed lagging chromosomes and multipolar divisions. NPCs undergoing nondisjunction were also observed, along with interphase cells that harbored micronuclei or multiple nuclei, consistent with unbalanced nuclear division. These data independently confirm the presence of aneuploid NPCs and demonstrate the occurrence of mitotic segregation defects in normal cells that can mechanistically account for aneuploidy in the CNS.
OpenFlow-Controlled Elastic Optical Networks with Direct-Detection Optical OFDM (DDO-OFDM) Transmission (2013)

We design and deploy an extended OpenFlow-based control plane for elastic optical networks with DDO-OFDM transmission, detailing the network architecture, the two-phase routing and spectrum assignment algorithm, OpenFlow protocol extensions and the experimental validation.
Functionally Defective High-Density Lipoprotein and Paraoxonase: A Couple for Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis (2013)

The endothelium is the primary target for biochemical or mechanical injuries caused by the putative risk factors of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction represents the ultimate link between atherosclerotic risk factors that promote atherosclerosis. HDL-C is thought to exert at least some parts of its antiatherogenic facilities via stimulating endothelial NO production, nearby inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. HDL-C is capable of opposing LDL's inductive effects and avoiding the ox-LDL's inhibition of eNOS. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme esterase which appears to contribute to the antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic capabilities of HDL-C. "Healthy HDL," namely the particle that contains the active Paraoxonase 1, has the power to suppress the formation of oxidized lipids. "Dysfunctional HDL," on the contrary, has reduced Paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity and not only fails in its mission but also potentially leads to greater formation of oxidized lipids/lipoproteins to cause endothelial dysfunction. The association of HDL-C PON1 and endothelial dysfunction depends largely on the molecules with exact damaging effect on NO synthase coupling. Loss of nitric oxide bioavailability has a pivotal role in endothelial dysfunction preceding the appearance of atherosclerosis. Analyses of HDL-C and Paraoxonase1 would be more important in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis in the very near future.
Efficiency of Airway Heat and Moisture Exchangers in Anesthetized Humans (1990)

The efficiencies of airway heat and moisture exchanging filters in reducing respiratory water losses and increasing airway temperatures during general anesthesia were studied in five tracheally intubated patients given isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen anesthesia during controlled ventilation. Filters (Humid-Vent Filter, Humid-Vent 1, Pall Conserve, Siemens 150, and ThermoVent 600) were placed between the Y-piece of the anesthesia circle system and the endotracheal tube for 40 min each. Airway temperature, esophageal temperature, and water loss (determined by weighing expired water collected in CaSO4) were measured every 10 min. All of the filters reached near-maximum efficiency in reducing water losses within 10 min. The Humid-Vent Filter and Siemens 150 filters were most efficient, the Pall Conserve and ThermoVent 600 less efficient. Airway temperature rapidly increased 2 degrees-8 degrees C during each trial. The more efficient the filter in conserving water, the greater the airway temperature. The respiratory heat conserved by these filters represents 5.5%-7.2% of the estimated total metabolic heat production during anesthesia in adults.
A hybrid power system with using alternative energy facilities in isolated island (2003)

A hybrid power system uses many wind turbine generators in isolated small inlands. The output power of wind turbine generators is mostly fluctuating and it has an effect on system frequency. To solve this problem, we propose a new power system with using renewable energy in isolated small islands. The system can supply a high-quality power using aqua electrolyzer, fuel cell, renewable energy, and diesel generator. The system uses an aqua electrolyzer and fuel cell. The generated hydrogen by aqua electrolyzer is used as fuel of fuel cell. The simulation results are given to demonstrate the proposed system in this paper.
Interference management for multiuser two-way relaying (2008)

We consider a multiuser two-way relay network where multiple pairs of users communicate with their pre-assigned partners, using a common intermediate relay node, in a two-phase communication scenario. In this system, a pair of partners transmit to the relay sharing a common spreading signature in the first phase, and the relay broadcasts an estimate of the XORed symbol for each user pair in the second phase employing the relaying scheme termed jointly demodulate-and-XOR forward (JD-XOR-F) in [1]. We investigate the joint power control and receiver optimization problem for this multiuser two-way relay system with JD-XOR-F relaying. We show that the total power optimization problem decouples into two subproblems, one for each phase. We construct the distributed power control and receiver updates in each phase which converge to the corresponding unique optimum. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the significant power savings of the multiuser two-way relay system with the proposed iterative power control and receiver optimization algorithms, as compared to the designs with a iquestone-wayiquest communication perspective.
Design Diagrams as Ontological Sources (2009)

Ontology is a basic building block for the semantic web. An active line of research in semantic web is focused on how to build and evolve ontologies using the information from different ontological sources inherent in the domain. A large part of the IT industry uses software engineering methodologies to build software solutions that solve real-world problems. For them, instead of creating solutions from scratch, reusing previously built software as much as possible is a business-imperative today. As part of their projects, they use design diagrams to capture various facets of the software development process. We discuss how semantic web technologies can help solutionbuilding organizations achieve software reuse by first learning ontologies from design diagrams of existing solutions and then using them to create design diagrams for new solutions. Our technique, called OntExtract, extracts domain ontology information (entities and their relationship(s)) from class diagrams and further refines the extracted information using diagrams that express dynamic interactions among entities such as sequence diagram. A proof of concept implementations is also developed as a Plug-in over a commercial development environment IBM’s Rational Software Architect.
Large Area Two-Dimensional B Cell Arrays for Sensing and Cell-Sorting Applications (2004)

Regular arrays of nonadherent B cells over large areas were produced with the use of micropatterned molecular templates consisting of a newly designed poly(allylamine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) polycation graft copolymer. Polymer-on-polymer stamping (POPS) techniques were applied successfully to create micron scale patterns of the graft copolymer on negatively charged multilayer surfaces without losing resistance to the nonspecific adsorption of proteins. To generate templates for B cell arrays, the characteristics of the patterned surface were modified via introduction of surface biotinylation and specific protein adsorption. The qualities of B cell arrays resulting from each template suggest the binding strength between nonadherent B cells and the template surface is the controlling factor in the fabrication of clean and regular arrays of immobilized lymphocytes over large areas, which is critical in many bio-technological and immunological applications.
Circuit-level techniques to control gate leakage for sub-100 nm CMOS (2003)

Although still negligible for state-of-the-art CMOS, gate leakage will become significant in the future for sub-100 nm technologies, due to the scaling of oxide thickness. We propose several circuit techniques to control gate leakage based on the fact that PMOS transistors with SiO/sub 2/ gate oxide have an order of magnitude smaller gate leakage than NMOS transistors in the same technology. First, we compare n-type domino with p-type domino circuits in terms of performance, leakage and switching power, and explore the different trade-offs between performance and power. Second, we compare n-type with p-type gating for MTCMOS to control the leakage during sleep. The proposed circuits are simulated for a predictive 70 nm CMOS technology with 10 /spl Aring/ gate oxide thickness and 1.2 V supply voltage.
The open verifier framework for foundational verifiers (2005)

We present the Open Verifier approach for verifying untrusted code using customized verifiers. This approach can be viewed as an instance of foundational proof-carrying code where an untrusted program can be checked using the verifier most natural for it instead of using a single generic type system. In this paper we focus on a specialized architecture designed to reduce the burden of expressing both type-based and Hoare-style verifiers.A new verifier is created by providing an untrusted executable extension module, which can incorporate directly pre-existing non-foundational verifiers based on dataflow analysis or type checking. The extensions control virtually all aspects of the verification by carrying on a dialogue with the Open Verifier using a language designed both to correspond closely to common verification actions and to carry simple adeQuacy proofs for those actions.We describe the design of the trusted core of the Open Verifier, along with our experience implementing proof-carrying code, typed assembly language, and dataflow or abstract interpretation based verifiers in this unified setting.
Multi-Start Methods (2006)

Heuristic search procedures that aspire to find global optimal solutions to hard combinatorial optimization problems usually require some type of diversification to overcome local optimality. One way to achieve diversification is to re-start the procedure from a new solution once a region has been explored. In this chapter we describe the best known multi-start methods for solving optimization problems. We propose classifying these methods in terms of their use of randomization, memory and degree of rebuild. We also present a computational comparison of these methods on solving the linear ordering problem in terms of solution quality and diversification power.
Direct Visualization of Heterogeneous Extravascular Distribution of Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 2 Overexpressing Xenografts (2008)

Complete penetration of trastuzumab in tumor tissue was not seen in our study, leaving the possibility that inadequate distribution may represent a mechanism for resistance to trastuzumab.
Front-end technology for phased-arrays with digital beamforming (2008)

Phased-arrays are widely used in the military and space domain. They are pervading the civil domain in base stations and the like and distribution of systems over a single or multiple platforms is on the way. With increased connectivity and communication between partial systems, it is less problematic to have only partial systems onboard of an individual platform, as the sensor or communication systems will be formed by the co-operating system parts. In this environment, the importance of phased-arrays will increase further, due to the following reasons: (i) arrays offer great advantages in terms of performance; (ii) arrays offer great advantages in mode of degradation; (iii) arrays offer great advantages in flexibility.
Highly Efficient Three-Way Saturated Doherty Amplifier With Digital Feedback Predistortion (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A three-way saturated Doherty power amplifier (S-DPA) based on class-F topology is proposed to improve efficiency at large backed-off output power regions. The high efficiency is demonstrated by implementing the amplifier using Eudyna EGN010MK GaN HEMTs and testing it with a continuous wave (CW) signal and a forward-link wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) 1-FA signal at 2.14 GHz. The proposed S-DPA has a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 50% for the CW signal at 10 dB backed-off output power region, while a two-way S-DPA and class-F PA have PAEs of 39% and 25%, respectively. Also, the proposed S-DPA has a PAE of 46.7% for the WCDMA 1-FA signal with peak-to-average power ratio of 10 dB, while the two-way S-DPA and the class-F PA have PAEs of 42.7% and 28.7%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed S-DPA, when linearized by a digital feedback predistorter, delivers an adjacent channel leakage ratio of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex></formula>49.2 dBc at a 2.5 MHz offset with a PAE of 45.9%. </para>
Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 promotes systemic acquired resistance via azelaic acid and its precursor 9-oxo nonanoic acid (2014)

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of inducible disease resistance that depends on salicylic acid and its upstream regulator ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1). Although local Arabidopsis thaliana defence responses activated by the Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrRpm1 are intact in eds1 mutant plants, SAR signal generation is abolished. Here, the SAR-specific phenotype of the eds1 mutant is utilized to identify metabolites that contribute to SAR. To this end, SAR bioassay-assisted fractionation of extracts from the wild type compared with eds1 mutant plants that conditionally express AvrRpm1 was performed. Using high-performance liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry, systemic immunity was associated with the accumulation of 60 metabolites, including the putative SAR signal azelaic acid (AzA) and its precursors 9-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid (9-HPOD) and 9-oxo nonanoic acid (ONA). Exogenous ONA induced SAR in systemic untreated leaves when applied at a 4-fold lower concentration than AzA. The data suggest that in planta oxidation of ONA to AzA might be partially responsible for this response and provide further evidence that AzA mobilizes Arabidopsis immunity in a concentration-dependent manner. The AzA fragmentation product pimelic acid did not induce SAR. The results link the C9 lipid peroxidation products ONA and AzA with systemic rather than local resistance and suggest that EDS1 directly or indirectly promotes the accumulation of ONA, AzA, or one or more of their common precursors possibly by activating one or more pathways that either result in the release of these compounds from galactolipids or promote lipid peroxidation.
Voltage-biased superconducting transition-edge bolometer with strong electrothermal feedback operated at 370 mK (1998)

We present an experimental study of a composite voltage-biased superconducting bolometer (VSB). The tested VSB consists of a Ti-film superconducting thermometer (T(c) ~375 mK) on a Si substrate suspended by NbTi superconducting leads. A resistor attached to the substrate provides calibrated heat input into the bolometer. The current through the bolometer is measured with a superconducting quantum interference device ammeter. Strong negative electrothermal feedback fixes the bolometer temperature at T(c) and reduces the measured response time from 2.6 s to 13 ms. As predicted, the measured current responsivity of the bolometer is equal to the inverse of the bias voltage. A noise equivalent power of 5 x 10(-17) W/ radicalHz was measured for a thermal conductance G ~ 4.7 x 10(-10) W/K, which is consistent with the expected thermal noise. Excess noise was observed for bias conditions for which the electrothermal feedback strength was close to maximum.