gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal properties of 3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid and its effect on K+-evoked release of acetylcholine from cockroach synaptosomes (1999)

3-Aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid (APMP), a potent agonist of mammalian GABAB receptors, caused prostration in houseflies (Musca domestica L.) on injection into their thoraces, with an ED50 value of 0.42 microgram/fly. The 48-h LD50 values of APMP were estimated to be 0.45 and 5.6 micrograms/fly in the presence and absence of piperonyl butoxide, a mixed-function oxidase inhibitor, respectively. Analogues of APMP, bearing a longer or shorter side chain by a CH2 unit, or a phenyl group in the place of the methyl group, were without effects. In perfusion assays with synaptosomes prepared from the thoracic/abdominal nerve cords of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana L.), 1 mM APMP reduced K(+)-evoked acetylcholine release to 10.4% of the control. These findings indicate that the--physiologically important site of action of APMP, which might be implicated in neurotransmitter release, is present in insect neurons.
Early Gene Expression Changes Preceding Thyroid Hormone-Induced Involution of a Thyrotrope Tumor (2002)

Treatment with thyroid hormone (TH) results in shrinkage of a thyrotropic tumor grown in a hypothyroid host. We used microarray and Northern analysis to assess the changes in gene expression that preceded tumor involution. Of the 1,176 genes on the microarray, 7 were up-regulated, whereas 40 were decreased by TH. Many of these were neuroendocrine in nature and related to growth or apoptosis. When we examined transcripts for cell cycle regulators only cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin A and p57 were down-regulated, whereas p15 was induced by TH. Retinoblastoma protein, c-myc, and mdm2 were unchanged, but E2F1 was down-regulated. TH also decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, its receptor trkB, and the receptor for TRH. These, in addition to two other genes, neuronatin and PB cadherin, which were up- and down-regulated, respectively, showed a more rapid response to TH than the cell cycle regulators and may represent direct targets of TH. Finally, p19ARF was dramatically induced by TH, and although this protein can stabilize p53 by sequestering mdm2, we found no increase in p53 protein up to 48 h of treatment. In summary, we have described early changes in the expression of genes that may play a role in TH-induced growth arrest of a thyrotropic tumor. These include repression of specific growth factor and receptors and cell cycle genes as well as induction of other factors associated with growth arrest and apoptosis.
AVid: Annotation driven video decoding for hybrid memories (2012)

Adopting emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies is a viable solution to minimize the increasing memory leakage power in today's embedded systems. However, in order to take advantage of the many benefits in NVMs, software must account for their high write overheads. This paper presents AVid, an annotation driven video decoding technique for hybrid memory subsystems. AVid exploits the physical characteristics of NVMs by extracting video decoder access patterns and uses this meta-information to minimize write overheads, thereby improving energy savings and performance. Our experimental results on an annotation-aware H.264 codec show that our technique is able to achieve execution time and energy reduction by up to 40.8% and 39.7% respectively when applied to H.264 decoding.
The mechanism of ficin-catalysed reactions (1959)

MECHANISM OF FICIN-CATALYSED REACTIONS 357 4. Reaction mechanisms for the second and third step can be formulated by analogy with homogeneous bifunctional catalysis.
AOS: An optimized sandbox method used in behavior-based malware detection (2011)

Malware (malicious software) has been widely spread through our computers in the world that many antivirus vendors use signature-based method to detect them. However, the update rate of the virus signature database can never catch up the creation rate of the new malware variants. Using CSS (Crystal Security Sandbox) that monitors the Windows Portable Executable (PE) file execution and generates a sanitized intermediate result for classifying the malware is an emerging research in malware detection. Although the sanitized intermediate result is sufficient to depict the behaviors of malware, it is still a bit too long, too redundant, and too tedious to deal with efficiently. Therefore we compress and sieve the sanitized intermediate result to derive 90% fewer brief expressions which not only reduce the size of data, but also maintain above 93% accuracy rate and less 7 % error rate.
Low-Level Laser Therapy and Calcitonin in Bone Repair: Densitometric Analysis (2012)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the association of low-level laser therapy (LLLT, 830 nm) and calcitonin in bone repair considering that bone healing remains a challenge to health professionals. Calcitonin has antiosteoclastic action and LLLT is a treatment that uses low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes to alter cellular function. Both are used to improve bone healing. Densitometry is a clinical noninvasive valuable tool used to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD). Sixty male rats were submitted to bone defect with a trephine bur, randomly divided into four groups of 15 animals each: control (C); synthetic salmon calcitonin (Ca); LLLT (La); LLLT combined with calcitonin (LaCa). Animals from Ca and LaCa received 2 UI/Kg synthetic salmon calcitonin intramuscularly on alternate days after surgery. Animals from groups La and LaCa were treated with infrared LLLT (830 nm, 10 mW, 20 J/cm 2 , 6 s, contact mode). Five animals from each group were euthanized 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery and bone defects were analyzed by densitometry. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in BMD values in LaCa group at 7 and 21 days (). The results of the densitometric study showed that LLLT (830 nm) combined with calcitonin improved bone repair.
Photoluminescence studies on over-passivations of (NH4)2S<i>x</i>-treated GaAs (1991)

Over-passivation films of silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) on (NH4)2Sx-treated GaAs deposited by various kinds of systems were studied with photoluminescence measurements. Among the various kinds of systems commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication processes, electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) produces undamaged over-passivation films and it appears to be a promising system. The silicon nitride and silicon dioxide deposited at room temperature by ECR-CVD have the same PL intensity. For SiN, the effect of the treatment is enhanced by annealing while a gradual degradation with increasing temperature is observed for SiO2. By using ECR-CVD SiN for sulfur-treated GaAs passivation, the luminescences of free excitons and donor bound excitons are observed even for bulk-grown GaAs at 4.2 K, which indicates the reduction of the recombination centers at the surface.
Unusual Repertoire of Vocalizations in the BTBR T+tf/J Mouse Model of Autism (2008)

BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that displays social abnormalities and repetitive behaviors analogous to the first and third diagnostic symptoms of autism. Here we investigate ultrasonic vocalizations in BTBR, to address the second diagnostic symptom of autism, communication deficits. As compared to the commonly used C57BL/6J (B6) strain, BTBR pups called more loudly and more frequently when separated from their mothers and siblings. Detailed analysis of ten categories of calls revealed an unusual pattern in BTBR as compared to B6. BTBR emitted high levels of harmonics, two-syllable, and composite calls, but minimal numbers of chevron-shaped syllables, upward, downward, and short calls. Because body weights were higher in BTBR than B6 pups, one possible explanation was that larger thoracic size was responsible for the louder calls and different distribution of syllable categories. To test this possibility, we recorded separation calls from FVB/NJ, a strain with body weights similar to BTBR, and 129X1/SvJ, a strain with body weights similar to B6. BTBR remained the outlier on number of calls, displaying low numbers of complex, upward, chevron, short, and frequency steps calls, along with high harmonics and composites. Further, developmental milestones and growth rates were accelerated in BTBR, indicating an unusual neurodevelopmental trajectory. Overall, our findings demonstrate strain-specific patterns of ultrasonic calls that may represent different lexicons, or innate variations in complex vocal repertoires, in genetically distinct strains of mice. Particularly intriguing is the unusual pattern of vocalizations and the more frequent, loud harmonics evident in the BTBR mouse model of autism that may resemble the atypical vocalizations seen in some autistic infants.
Congestion-aware edge caching for adaptive video streaming in Information-Centric Networks (2015)

This paper proposes a network-aware resource management scheme that improves the quality of experience (QoE) for adaptive video streaming in CDNs and Information-Centric Networks (ICN) in general, and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) in particular. By utilizing the DASH manifest, the network (by way of a logically centralized controller) computes the available link resources and schedules the chunk dissemination to edge caches ahead of the end-user's requests. Our approach is optimized for multi-rate DASH videos. We implemented our resource management scheme, and demonstrated that in the scenario when network conditions evolve quickly, our approach can maintain smooth high quality playback. We show on actual video server data and in our own simulation environment that a significant reduction in peak bandwidth of 20% can be achieved using our approach.
Novel Insights into the Regulation of LexA in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 (2011)

The transcription factor LexA in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 has been shown to regulate genes that are not directly involved in DNA repair but instead in several different metabolic pathways. However, the signal transduction pathways remain largely uncharacterized. The present work gives novel insights into the regulation of LexA in this unicellular cyanobacterium. A combination of Northern and Western blotting, using specific antibodies against the cyanobacterial LexA, was employed to show that this transcription regulator is under posttranscriptional control, in addition to the classical and already-described transcriptional regulation. Moreover, detailed two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis analyses of the protein revealed that LexA undergoes posttranslational modifications. Finally, a fully segregated LexA::GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion-modified strain was produced to image LexA's spatial distribution in live cells. The fusion protein retains DNA binding capabilities, and the GFP fluorescence indicates that LexA is localized in the innermost region of the cytoplasm, decorating the DNA in an evenly distributed pattern. The implications of these findings for the overall role of LexA in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 are further discussed.
Prevalence of Cataract and Pseudophakia/Aphakia Among Adults in theUnited States (2004)

The number of Americans affected by cataract and undergoing cataract surgery will dramatically increase over the next 20 years as the US population ages.
Early quantification and partitioned transition relations (2002)

Hardware systems are generally specified as a set of interacting finite state machines (FSMs). An important problem in formal verification using Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) is forming the transition relation of the product machine. This problem reduces to conjuncting (or multiplying) the BDDs representing the transition relations of the individual machines, and then existentially quantifying out the set of input and output variables. The resulting graph is called the product graph. Computing the set of reachable states of the product graph is the central verification problem. In this paper, we discuss two related problems. The early quantification problem is the problem of interleaving multiplication of a set of BDDs with the quantification of a set of variables so that the size of the largest BDD encountered is minimized. We show that an abstraction of this problem is NP-complete, and provide heuristic solutions for it. In some cases, the size of the BDD representing the transition relation of the product graph is too large. The partitioned transition relations problem deals with partially combining the BDD's and quantifying as many variables as possible, so that the time for computing the set of reachable states of the product graph is minimized. We offer heuristic solutions to this problem based on our algorithms for early quantification. The algorithms have been implemented and good experimental results have been achieved.
Normobaric Oxygen Toxicity of the Lung (1980)

ALTHOUGH oxygen therapy has been of clear benefit in many clinical settings, it also carries a risk of tissue damage. All tissues of the body can be injured by sufficiently high oxygen concentrations, but the lung is exposed directly to the highest partial pressure of inspired oxygen. The precise concentration of oxygen that is toxic to the lung probably depends on a large number of variables in the exposed person, including age, nutrition, endocrine status, and previous exposure to oxygen or other oxidants.1 2 3 Hyperbaric oxygen accelerates the effects of oxygen toxicity and also damages the central nervous system, probably because . . .
Call for information on unlicensed real estate agents (2014)

The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) is appealing to the real estate industry for information on unlicensed real estate agents, particularly in the property management sector.
Computer-aided facility life cycle management (1999)

To make best use of functionality of a manufacturing facility, it is important to facilitate information flow among various activities performed during facility life cycle. This paper discuss information infrastructure for facility life cycle management which provides an environment for information sharing throughout the facility life cycle, and computer tools which support analysis and evaluation required for facility management. As examples of such tools, a life cycle simulation system and a trouble data management system are described. In the life cycle simulation, aging processes of the facility are evaluated when it carries out a specified task. The system was applied to assembling robots of a car parts manufacturing plant. The trouble data management system supports maintenance personnel in collecting trouble data in a unified way, and to generate feedback data for purposes of design improvement as well as operation and maintenance planning.
Off to Elba! The Legitimacy of Sex Offender Residence and Employment Restrictions (2006)

Overborne by a mob mentality for justice, officials at every level of government are enacting laws that effectively exile convicted sex offenders from their midst with little contemplation as to the appropriateness or constitutionality of their actions. These laws fundamentally alter the liberties and freedom of convicted sex offenders to satisfy the ignorant fear of the masses. As a result, residence and employment restrictions which in theory are to protect society, in practice only exacerbate the perceived recidivism problem. When such laws are passed and the political process is broken, it is necessary for the judicial branch to step forward and protect those who are politically impotent.
Solvent Resistant Honeycomb Films from Photo‐Crosslinkable Polycinnamate (2007)

Abstract Microporous films consisting of two‐dimensionally ordered void structures ‐ so‐called honeycomb films ‐ were produced by evaporation of polymer solutions under high humidity. Two types of poly(vinyl cinnamate)s were used: A newly synthesized amphiphilic poly(vinyl cinnamate) and a mixture of a commercial poly(vinyl cinnamate) and an amphiphilic polyion complex. Photo‐crosslinking of the honeycomb structure could be achieved by UV irradiation while completely retaining the film morphology. The crosslinked films showed excellent stability against organic solvents. magnified image
Selecting the Best Linear Mixed Model Under REML (2006)

AbstractRestricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of the parameters of the mixed model has become commonplace, even becoming the default option in many statistical software packages. However, a review of the literature indicates a need to update and clarify model selection techniques under REML, as ambiguities exist on the appropriateness of existing information criteria in this setting. A simulation study as well as an application assisted in gaining an understanding of the performance of information criteria in selecting the best model when using REML estimation.KEY WORDS : Information criteriaLongitudinal dataModel selectionRandom effectsRestricted likelihood
Spectroscopy of band-to-band optical transitions in Si-Ge alloys and superlattices (1998)

We report the results of an extensive study of band-to-band optical transitions in Si-Ge $(n:m)$ superlattices and alloys where $n\ensuremath{\approx}m.$ Our samples were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on (001) silicon using symmetrically strained layers and characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. This growth procedure permits the synthesis of continuous Si-Ge superlattices with a thickness of several thousand \AA{}. Optical absorption was studied by photocurrent spectroscopy at 300, 77, and 4.2 K. These results were analyzed to determine the dependence of the photocurrent on the photon energy. The energy dependence of absorption was also measured by optical transmission spectroscopy. Analysis of these experiments gives approximate agreement with photoconductivity experiments on the value of the energy gap, but also shows that the energy dependence of the absorption coefficient varies linearly with the photon energy, while photoconductivity experiments show that the photocurrent increases with the fourth power of the energy. The absorption coefficient, and its dependence on the photon energy, are calculated directly from the joint density of states which is extracted from the electronic band structure. Our calculations show that the dependence of optical absorption on photon energy is linear for perfect superlattices: $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}{)=A}_{0}(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{g}{)}^{x},$ where $x=1,$ with the exponent increasing above 1 in the presence of disorder such as from atomic steps, interface roughness, and similar defects.
Event-based video retrieval using audio (2012)

Multimedia Event Detection (MED) is an annual task in the NIST TRECVID evaluation, and requires participants to build indexing and retrieval systems for locating videos in which certain predefined events are shown. Typical systems focus heavily on the use of visual data. Audio data, however, also contains rich information that can be effectively used for video retrieval, and MED could benefit from the attention of researchers in audio analysis. We present several systems for performing MED using only audio data, report the results of each system on the TRECVID MED 2011 development dataset, and compare the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
The Dipole Moments and Structures of Disiloxane and Methoxysilane (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dipole Moments and Structures of Disiloxane and MethoxysilaneRavi Varma, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and John G. MillerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 12, 1754–1757Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50022a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (497 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Localization of AMP kinase is regulated by stress, cell density, and signaling through the MEK→ERK1/2 pathway (2007)

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as an energy sensor and is at the center of control for a large number of metabolic reactions, thereby playing a crucial role in Type 2 diabetes and other human diseases. AMPK is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, the mechanisms that regulate the intracellular localization of AMPK are poorly understood. We have now identified several factors that control the distribution of AMPK. Environmental stress regulates the intracellular localization of AMPK, and upon recovery from heat shock or oxidant exposure AMPK accumulates in the nuclei. We show that under normal growth conditions AMPK shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, a process that depends on the nuclear exporter Crm1. However, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling does not take place in high-density cell cultures, for which AMPK is confined to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-->extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade plays a crucial role in controlling the proper localization of AMPK. As such, pharmacological inhibitors that interfere with this pathway alter AMPK distribution under nonstress conditions. Taken together, our studies identify novel links between the physiological state of the cell, the activation of MEK-->ERK1/2 signaling, and the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of AMPK. This sets the stage to develop new strategies to regulate the intracellular localization of AMPK and thereby the modification of targets that are relevant to human disease.