gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The antinociceptive effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and the glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, (+)‐HA966 in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy (1998)

1. We evaluated the ability of the functional antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, (+)-(1-Hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolodine-2-one) ((+)-HA966), to modulate the antinociceptive action of systemic morphine in a rat model of neuropathic pain produced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve. Mechanical (vocalization threshold to hindpaw pressure) and thermal (struggle latency to hindpaw immersion into a water bath) stimuli were used. 2. In the mechanical test, morphine (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 mg kg(-1), i.v.) alone produced dose-dependent effects in both neuropathic and uninjured rats. Likewise, morphine (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) dose-dependently increased struggle latencies of the nerve-injured hindpaw in the hot noxious (46 degrees C) test but was ineffective in the non-noxious warm (44 degrees C) and cold (10 degrees C) test. 3. Pretreatment with (+)-HA966 (2.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.) dose-dependently enhanced the effect of morphine in the mechanical test with the relative potency being nerve-injured hindpaw > contralateral hindpaw > uninjured rat. 4. Likewise, (+)-HA966 dose-dependently enhanced the effect of morphine against a hot (46 degrees C) stimulus and produced, in combination with morphine, a dose-dependent effect against a warm (44 degrees C) stimulus. In the cold (10 degrees C) test, (+)-HA966 reversed the ineffectiveness of the highest dose of morphine. 5. Naloxone blocked the effect of the combination of (+)-HA966 with morphine in all tests. The drug combination produced no motor deficits in animals using the rotarod test. 6. These findings suggest that combined administration of antagonists, acting at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor complex and morphine may be a promising approach in the treatment of neuropathic and acute pain.
Partial Least Squares and Neural Networks for Quantitative Calibration of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBs) of Geologic Samples (2010)

The ChemCam instrument [1] on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover will be used to obtain the chemical composition of surface targets within 7 m of the rover using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). ChemCam analyzes atomic emission spectra (240-800 nm) from a plasma created by a pulsed Nd:KGW 1067 nm laser. The LIBS spectra can be used in a semiquantitative way to rapidly classify targets (e.g., basalt, andesite, carbonate, sulfate, etc.) and in a quantitative way to estimate their major and minor element chemical compositions. Quantitative chemical analysis from LIBS spectra is complicated by a number of factors, including chemical matrix effects [2]. Recent work has shown promising results using multivariate techniques such as partial least squares (PLS) regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict elemental abundances in samples [e.g. 2-6]. To develop, refine, and evaluate analysis schemes for LIBS spectra of geologic materials, we collected spectra of a diverse set of well-characterized natural geologic samples and are comparing the predictive abilities of PLS, cascade correlation ANN (CC-ANN) and multilayer perceptron ANN (MLP-ANN) analysis procedures.
Efficient manipulation of large datasets on heterogeneous storage systems (2002)

We are concerned with the efficient use of a collection of disk-based storage systems and computing platforms in a heterogeneous setting for retrieving and processing large scientific datasets. We demonstrate, in the context of a data-intensive visualization application, how heterogeneity affects performance and show a set of optimization techniques that can be used to improve performance in a component-based framework. In particular, we examine the application of parallelism via transparent copies of application components in the pipelined processing of data.
The primary structure of BSP‐30K, a major lipid‐, gelatin‐, and heparin‐binding glycoprotein of bovine seminal plasma (1996)

BSP-30K is a major acidic glycoprotein of bovine seminal plasma. It displays heparin-, gelatin-, and phospholipid-binding activities. BSP-30K binds to spermatozoa upon ejaculation and is thought to play a role in sperm capacitation. We have determined its amino acid sequence, disulfide bonds, and 0-glycosylation sites. BSP-30K consists of 158 amino acids arranged in a mosaic structure. BSP-30K has a unique 48-residue N-terminal extension which includes three 7-8- amino acid repeats and the six O-glycosylated threonine residues. The polypeptide stretch 49-71 is homologous to type 'A' domains found in heparin-binding proteins from other mammalian species. The C-terminal portion of BSP-30K is organized in a tandem of 40-44-residue domains each sharing the consensus pattern of the gelatin-binding fibronectin type II module. The mosaic structure of BSP-30K suggests that this glycoprotein might be a factor contributing to the different sperm-capacitating effects exerted by heparin in different mammalian species.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-assisted Suicide (1998)

Cytototoxic T lymphocyte-induced apoptosis can occur either through the directed exocytosis of granzyme B and perforin or via ligation of Fas. Both pathways involve the activation of a family of cysteine proteinases, the caspases, that cleave substrates at aspartic acid and are themselves activated by cleavage at internal aspartate residues. Fas recruits caspase 8, which initiates the death program through the subsequent activation of caspase 3. Granzyme B can process both caspase 8 and 3 in vitro, suggesting that both Fas and granzyme B access the apoptotic program in the same way. Here we demonstrate that although the two mechanisms are similar, the events that lead to activation of caspase 3 can be distinguished in vivo on the basis of their sensitivities to both pharmacological and virus-encoded caspase inhibitors. In cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated death the initial cleavage event on caspase 3 is insensitive to benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) inhibition in both mouse and human systems. During Fas-mediated death, however, activation of caspase 3 is completely inhibited to zVAD-fmk. In addition, the viral serpin SPI-2, a homologue of cytokine response modifier A (crmA), is an effective inhibitor of the Fas but not the granzyme pathway. Our results demonstrate that whereas Fas-mediated activation of caspase 3 requires an upstream caspase activity that is zVAD-fmk-sensitive, the initial cleavage of caspase 3 during granule-mediated cell death is insensitive to zVAD-fmk, suggesting that caspase 3 is cleaved directly by granzyme B in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkably Efficient and Direct Route for the Synthesis of Binucleating 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane Ligands. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast bypass mode for CABAC (2012)

In this paper, improved bypass mode for CABAC called pass through mode is proposed. The bypass mode stands for a special coding process in CABAC to be used for encoding a symbol having equal probability. The proposed scheme realizes complexity reduction of the bypass mode in decoder without any loss of compression performance. We implemented the proposed scheme into test model software that is used for HEVC standardization process to evaluate its performance. Our experimental result shows that the run-time of the bypass mode process in decoder is reduced by about 60 %.
The natural course of cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the first decades of life (2008)

Among youth who have used cannabis repeatedly (five times or more) cannabis use is fairly stable and rates of remission relatively low until age 34 years. Patterns of progression suggest that early targeted preventive measures should delay first use and reduce the number of experiences using cannabis, as these factors appear critical in progression to persistent cannabis use and cannabis dependence.
Mechanisms for Enlarging Lesion Size During Irrigated Tip Radiofrequency Ablation: (2004)

The mechanism for enlarging lesion size during radiofrequency irrigated-tip ablation is that higher power levels can be used. There is no virtual electrode effect caused by the highly conductive surroundings of the tip during irrigation. In vitro this effect is shown to be opposite: it decreases lesion size.
Very fast CO2 response and hydrophobic properties of novel poly(ionic liquid)s (2009)

A series of polymerizable tetraalkylammonium ionic liquids based on [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylheptyl ammonium cation and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, heptadecafluorooctanesulfonate, 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecanoate anions, as well as their corresponding homo- and copolymers, have been synthesized and characterized by means of 1H NMR, TG-DTA, DSC, MALDI-TOF, viscosimetry and XPS investigations. Hydrophobic and CO2 sensing properties of the poly(ionic liquid)s have been explored by dynamic contact angle and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. The CO2 sensing behavior of present polymers is very remarkable as they are featured by extremely rapid and completely reversible response without any memory-effect. Best results, in terms of sensitivity, have been obtained for [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylheptyl ammonium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate-based homopolymer. Tensiometric data show good hydrophobic properties with θadv > 90° for all the polymers under study except the one involving 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-heptadecafluoroundecanoate anion (θadv = 78.3°); receding contact angles, representative of the most hydrophilic portions of the polymers surface, lie in the range 22–54° and can be further improved by choosing the proper long-chained N-alkyl groups.
DR5 Knockout Mice Are Compromised in Radiation-Induced Apoptosis (2005)

DR5 (also called TRAIL receptor 2 and KILLER) is an apoptosis-inducing membrane receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (also called TRAIL and Apo2 ligand). DR5 is a transcriptional target of p53, and its overexpression induces cell death in vitro. However, the in vivo biology of DR5 has remained largely unexplored. To better understand the role of DR5 in development and in adult tissues, we have created a knockout mouse lacking DR5. This mouse is viable and develops normally with the exception of having an enlarged thymus. We show that DR5 is not expressed in developing embryos but is present in the decidua and chorion early in development. DR5-null mouse embryo fibroblasts expressing E1A are resistant to treatment with TRAIL, suggesting that DR5 may be the primary proapoptotic receptor for TRAIL in the mouse. When exposed to ionizing radiation, DR5-null tissues exhibit reduced amounts of apoptosis compared to wild-type thymus, spleen, Peyer's patches, and the white matter of the brain. In the ileum, colon, and stomach, DR5 deficiency was associated with a subtle phenotype of radiation-induced cell death. These results indicate that DR5 has a limited role during embryogenesis and early stages of development but plays an organ-specific role in the response to DNA-damaging stimuli.
Topical cocaine vs adrenaline in endoscopic sinus surgery: a blinded randomized controlled study (2014)

There is no difference in the quality of the surgical field achieved through the use of topical cocaine or adrenaline during FESS. Either of these agents can be effectively used for topical decongestion at the onset of surgery.
Corn Husk as a Potential Source of Anthocyanins (2008)

Anthocyanin pigments are extracted from various plants and used for diverse purposes. The overall goal of this study was to develop high-anthocyanin corn to enhance the economic efficiency of anthocyanin production. We determined and compared the anthocyanin contents from the different parts of purple corn in various breeding lines. Our results revealed that purple corn produced the anthocyanin pigment throughout the plant, especially high in the husk and cob regions, although anthocyanin levels varied significantly among different plant parts. We analyzed the 295 selected lines from the 2006 breeding population, and it showed that anthocyanin levels of husks ranged from 17.3% to 18.9% of dry weight, roughly 10 times more than the standard current purple corn kernel content, 1.78%. LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the main components of purple corn husk anthocyanin were cyanidin derivatives, and the most prevalent constituents were cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-succinylglucoside and pelargonidin-3-(6''-malonylglucoside). The results suggested that high-anthocyanin corn will boost the purple corn pigment production far more than its current level.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E1"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi></mml:math>B Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="E2"><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi></mml:math>B Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated Macrophages (2007)

In inflammation, bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines induce the formation of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and compounds that inhibit NO production have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of 36 naturally occurring flavonoids and related compounds on NO production in macrophages exposed to an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and evaluated the mechanisms of action of the effective compounds. Flavone, the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the flavanone naringenin, and the anthocyanin pelargonidin inhibited iNOS protein and mRNA expression and also NO production in a dose-dependent manner. All eight active compounds inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is a significant transcription factor for iNOS. Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1), another important transcription factor for iNOS. The present study characterises the effects and mechanisms of naturally occurring phenolic compounds on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. The results partially explain the pharmacological efficacy of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory compounds.
Platelet-Activating Factor Induces Airway Mucin Release via Activation of Protein Kinase C: Evidence for Translocation of Protein Kinase C to Membranes (1994)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, is a potent airway mucin secretagogue. This study assessed the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in PAF-induced mucin release from primary cultures of feline tracheal epithelial cells (FTEC). Mucin secretion was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody raised against airway mucin-type glycoproteins. Coincubation of FTEC with PAF (5 microM) and pharmacologic PKC inhibitors, sphingosine, H7, or calphostin C, inhibited PAF-induced mucin secretion at 30 min. The PKC inhibitors produced a concentration-dependent, noncytotoxic inhibition. Exposure of FTEC with the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), failed to increase the release of mucin. Stimulation of FTEC with PAF caused a transient increase of membrane-bound PKC activity after 5 min of stimulation. PMA also induced the translocation of PKC activity from the cytosol to the membrane fraction, which was still present after 15 min of exposure. Determination of the specific PKC isozyme(s) involved in PAF-induced mucin release was performed by immunoblot analysis of the subcellular fractions using a battery of antibodies against various PKC isozymes (anti-PKC alpha, beta, delta, gamma, epsilon, and zeta). We found that PKC zeta (mol wt approximately 70 kD) was a major identifiable PKC isozyme present in the cytosolic fraction of FTEC. Furthermore, PKC zeta isozyme was also found to translocate to the membrane fraction following PAF exposure. Thus, these results demonstrate the crucial role of PKC in the intracellular events that culminate in mucin release following PAF stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrochemical Oxidation of Nitrite and the Oxidation and Reduction of NO<sub>2</sub> in the Room Temperature Ionic Liquid [C<sub>2</sub>mim][NTf<sub>2</sub>] (2007)

The electrochemical oxidation of potassium nitrite has been studied in the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) [C2mim][NTf2] by cyclic voltammetry at platinum electrodes. A chemically irreversible oxidation peak was observed, and a solubility of 7.5(+/-0.5) mM and diffusion coefficient of 2.0(+/-0.2)x10(-11) m2 s(-1) were calculated from potential step chronoamperometry on the microdisk electrode. A second, and sometimes third, oxidation peak was also observed when the anodic limit was extended, and these were provisionally assigned to the oxidation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3-), respectively. The electrochemical oxidation of nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2) was also studied by cyclic voltammetry in [C2mim][NTf2] on Pt electrodes of various size, giving a solubility of ca. 51(+/-0.2) mM and diffusion coefficient of 1.6(+/-0.05)x10(-10) m2 s(-1) (at 25 degrees C). It is likely that NO2 exists predominantly as its dimer, N2O4, at room temperature. The oxidation mechanism follows a CE process, which involves the initial dissociation of the dimer to the monomer, followed by a one-electron oxidation. A second, larger oxidation peak was observed at more positive potentials and is thought to be the direct oxidation of N2O4. In addition to understanding the mechanisms of NO2- and NO2 oxidations, this work has implications in the electrochemical detection of nitrite ions and of NO2 gas in RTIL media, the latter which may be of particular use in gas sensing.
An Integrated Model of Emotional Problems, Beta Power of Electroencephalography, and Low Frequency of Heart Rate Variability after Childhood Trauma in a Non-Clinical Sample: A Path Analysis Study (2018)

Childhood trauma is known to be related to emotional problems, quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) indices, and heart rate variability (HRV) indices in adulthood, whereas directions among these factors have not been reported yet. This study aimed to evaluate pathway models in young and healthy adults: (1) one with physiological factors first and emotional problems later in adulthood as results of childhood trauma and (2) one with emotional problems first and physiological factors later. A total of 103 non-clinical volunteers were included. Self-reported psychological scales, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Affective Lability Scale were administered. For physiological evaluation, EEG record was performed during resting eyes closed condition in addition to the resting-state HRV, and the quantitative power analyses of eight EEG bands and three HRV components were calculated in the frequency domain. After a normality test, Pearson's correlation analysis to make path models and path analyses to examine them were conducted. The CTQ score was significantly correlated with depression, state and trait anxiety, affective lability, and HRV low-frequency (LF) power. LF power was associated with beta2 (18-22 Hz) power that was related to affective lability. Affective lability was associated with state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. Based on the correlation and the hypothesis, two models were composed: a model with pathways from CTQ score to affective lability, and a model with pathways from CTQ score to LF power. The second model showed significantly better fit than the first model (AIC<sub>model1</sub> = 63.403 > AIC<sub>model2</sub> = 46.003), which revealed that child trauma could affect emotion, and then physiology. The specific directions of relationships among emotions, the EEG, and HRV in adulthood after childhood trauma was discussed.
<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Cefixime and Ceftriaxone: Association with Genetic Polymorphisms in <i>penA</i> , <i>mtrR</i> , <i>porB1b</i> , and <i>ponA</i> (2007)

The recent emergence and transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins such as cefixime and ceftriaxone have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of different polymorphisms in the penA, mtrR, porB1b (penB), and ponA genes of N. gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone. Eighteen gonococcal isolates with reduced cefixime and ceftriaxone susceptibility (Cef(i)) and two susceptible isolates were characterized using serovar determination, antibiograms, N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and sequencing of penA, mtrR, porB1b, and ponA alleles. For the Cef(i) isolates (n = 18), the MICs of cefixime and ceftriaxone ranged between 0.032 to 0.38 mug/ml and 0.064 to 0.125 mug/ml, respectively. These isolates were assigned five different serovars and six divergent NG-MAST sequence types. Eleven isolates (61%) with higher MICs of cefixime and ceftriaxone contained a nearly identical penA mosaic allele and previously described polymorphisms in mtrR (a single nucleotide [A] deletion in the promoter), penB (mutations in porB1b encoding loop 3 of PorB1b), and ponA (ponA1 polymorphism). The remaining seven Cef(i) isolates (39%), which had somewhat lower MICs of cefixime and ceftriaxone, contained an aspartic acid insertion (Asp-345a) in PBP 2 in conjunction with alterations of 4 to 10 amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of the transpeptidase domain of penA. In conclusion, an unambiguous association between penA mosaic alleles, in conjunction with genetic polymorphisms in mtrR, porB1b, and ponA, and greater reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone was identified.
Rationalisations among Heterocyclic Partition Coefficients Part 2: The Azines (1983)

Abstract Azine π‐values are discussed in terms of Δπ, which is the difference in π‐value from that expected for benzene. It is shown that Δπ is close to zero for alkyl and most halogen groups, but for polar substituents capable of hydrogen bonding may be as high as ca. 1.6. Except for peri ‐positions, these Δπ‐values may be correlated by a set of equations specific for different types of substituent position and containing terms which separately parameterise proton donor and acceptor ability. The rationale behind this treatment is justified in terms of the nature of the octanol‐water partitioning process and the manner in which electronic effects are expected to operate, in this context and that of the individual molecule. These equations will correlate those compounds for which they are expected to be applicable to Δ logP ± 0.12. Other topics discussed include: reasons for deviations among “irregular” substituents; the special problems of peri ‐positions; multi‐substitution; and some consequences of this analysis for other types of compound.