gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual recognition of windows: effects of size variation and presentation styles (2002)

One of the problems of windowing systems today is that the desktop quickly becomes cluttered with the number of windows in use. This can hinder the user during task performance. Users become overwhelmed and disorientated by the number of windows. They quickly lose track of documents and spend much of their time locating the document by manipulating the windowing environment rather than working on the task at hand. We propose a Vanishing Windows approach that will reduce the window manipulation required by the user and aid the user in search activities. This technique gradually reduces the screen real estate requirements for an inactive window. The reduction of inactive window size progressively increases the overall visibility of windows on the desktop (less overlap). However, the visibility of individual window content will also reduce progressively. The paper develops techniques for maximising the visual cues available for individual windows, even at small screen sizes. These techniques are empirically tested.
Memory savings in Viterbi decoders for ( <i>n</i> ,1, <i>m</i> )convolutional codes (1997)

A novel approach to achieve memory savings in MLD Viterbi decoders is proposed. It is based on tracking a code's trellis survivor paths in the decoding decision process using a backward labels technique, rather than the traditional forward labels technique, and exploiting a ‘shift register’ property of the trellis. Savings of the order of 20% of memory requirements in (n, 1, m) convolutional codes are achievable without loss of decoding performance.
Crítica a la economía ortodoxa: la necesidad de una alternativa (2007)

Este artículo examina la visión pos-clásica de la economía, planteando la búsqueda de una alternativa a la ortodoxia clásica. Sostiene la idea de que es posible establecer una relación de la teoría de la demanda efectiva en Keynes, la economía monetaria con la de la teoría clásica de la distribución y acumulación a largo plazo. El corto y el largo plazo son considerados dentro de un mismo modelo cuya práctica favorecería la comprensión más amplia y compleja de la disciplina económica.
Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera Pollen on Sperm Parameters and Reproductive system of Adult Male Rats (2006)

Background: There is a rapidly growing trend in the consumption of herbal remedies in the developing countries. The Phoenix dactylifera date palm pollen (DPP) is used in the traditional medicine for male infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of orally administered DPP on the reproductive system of adult male rats. Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained according to standard laboratory conditions. They were divided into five groups (n=10) and received daily gavages of aqueous suspensions DPP containing 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg, for 35 consecutive days. At the end the sperm was collected from ductus deferens under anesthesia and their numbers, motility, and morphology were determined under light microscopy. The DNA integrity or denaturation was also evaluated by acridine orange staining. The weight of the testis and reproductive appendages was also determined, and after tissue processing, their histology were studied by light microscope. Results: The comparative evaluation between control and experimental groups revealed that consumption of DPP suspensions improved the sperm count, motility, morphology, and DNA quality with a concomitant increase in the weights of testis and epididymis. It did not significantly affect the weight of the prostate and the seminal vesicle or the histology of the reproductive tissues.
Field Studies of Drilling and Completion Fluids to Minimize Damage and Enhance Gas Production in Unconventional Reservoirs (2007)

Abstract Field data and lab data are presented for various fluids pumped in low perm shales, coalbed methane and tight sandstone reservoirs. Commonly used surfactants, alcohols as well as a microemulsion system (ME) are evaluated. Lab data is presented that illustrates the cleanup of injected fluids in tight gas cores. Damage mechanisms are shown to be phase trapping and high capillary pressures. The microemulsion additive results in lower pressures to displace injected fluids from low permeability core samples over conventional surfactant and methanol treatments. The observed enhanced relative permeability mechanism is the alteration of the rock-fluid interfacial tension or contact angle. It is demonstrated that this alteration effectively lowers the capillary pressure and capillary end effect associated with wellbores and fractures in low perm reservoirs by as much as 50%, thus mitigating phase trapping and therefore permitting an increased flow area to the wellbore following drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Over 300 wells were evaluated that were drilled and/or fracture treated with various fluid combinations in the Barnett, Fayetteville and Appalachian basin shales. Some 200 wells are examined in the San Juan Basin and other low perm areas such as the Pieance Basin, Uinta, Vicksburg and Cotton Valley. Drilling examples are shown for several horizontal wells. The addition of the microemulsion to fracturing treatments has resulted in more than 50 to 100% increases in load recoveries and gas production. Production analysis of horizontal wells drilled and cleaned up with the microemulsion shows a doubling of production over offsets. Pressure analysis of fractured wells shows that the damage factor is reduced by a factor of 2 with the inclusion of ME. This is a result of a combination of reduced depth of invasion, a higher relative perm in the invaded zone and/or longer effective frac lengths.
Novel tRNA gene organization in the 16S-23S intergenic spacer of the Streptococcus pneumoniae rRNA gene cluster (1991)

Isoleucine and alanine tRNAs are encoded tandemly within the 16S-23S intergenic spacer of some eubacterial rRNA gene clusters. Southern hybridization analysis and DNA sequence analysis demonstrated a novel gene organization for an rRNA gene cluster on the Streptococcus pneumoniae chromosome. A sequence specifying an alanine tRNA was found within the intergenic spacer, but no sequence specifying an isoleucine tRNA was found there. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that the location of the isoleucine tRNA gene was near the 5S rRNA gene in two of four rRNA gene clusters.
Nucleotide sequence of the<i>cox3</i>gene from<i>Chondrus crispus</i>: evidence that UGA encodes tryptophan and evolutionary implications (1994)

We present the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding subunit 3 of cytochrome c oxidase in Chondrus crispus, the first report on a mitochondrial gene from a red alga. Amino acid alignment with homologous proteins shows that tryptophan is specified by UGA, as in the mitochondrial code of most organisms other than green plants. However, phylogenetic analyses of cox3 amino acid and nucleotide sequences indicate that C. crispus COX3 is related to the green-plant mitochondrial lineage. No RNA editing was detected on the corresponding transcript. As the only known photosynthetic eukaryotes that both share an immediate mitochondrial ancestor with green plants and exhibit features characteristic of non-plant mitochondria, ie, a small-sized mitochondrial genome and a modified genetic code, rhodophytes may be thought of as an intermediate evolutionary link at the root of the green-plant mitochondrial lineage.
Clot formation in canine whole blood as measured by rotational thromboelastometry is influenced by sample handling and coagulation activator (2010)

The objective of the present study was to systematically evaluate the impact of methodology on thromboelastometry with canine whole blood. Thromboelastometry was performed on citrated blood using a variety of combinations of clotting activators [ex-tem (tissue factor or TF), in-tem (ellagic acid), diluted TF from Innovin, or Ca (recalcification only)] and storage times. Thromboelastometry was also performed using diluted TF from Innovin on blood collected into a contact inhibitor. Ex-vivo contact activation was compared between canine and human blood. Clotting activator had a marked impact on coagulation time, a minor impact on alpha angle, and no impact on clot formation time or maximum clot firmness. When ex-tem or in-tem was the clotting activator, sample storage up to 30 min did not affect results. With diluted TF from Innovin or Ca, sample storage was associated with the development of increased coagulability (as indicated by shorter coagulation time and clot formation time and higher alpha angle) due to ex-vivo contact activation. Canine blood underwent markedly more ex-vivo contact activation than did human blood. Canine blood undergoes significant ex-vivo contact activation during and after collection, which influences thromboelastometry results when a weak clotting activator (such as low TF or recalcification) is used. Thromboelastometry with a strong activator (such as ex-tem or in-tem) is less influenced by ex-vivo changes, and, therefore, likely to be more reflective of in-vivo hemostatic capabilities and to provide consistently interpretable and comparable results.
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS UPON INFECTION BY CHIMERIC YELLOW-FEVER DENGUE VACCINE SEROTYPES 1–4 (2007)

Dengue infection is an important public health issue worldwide. The ChimeriVax-Dengue (CYD) vaccine uses yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine as a live vector. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in initiating immune responses and could be an important primary target of dengue infection. We investigated in vitro the consequences of CYD infection of DCs on their activation/maturation and cytokine production. In CYD-infected DCs, we observed an up-regulation of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CD83. Cells exposed to CYD secreted type I interferons, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and low amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no IL-10, IL-12, or IL-1alpha. Parental dengue viruses induced a similar array of cytokines, but more TNF-alpha, less IL-6, and less MCP-1/CCL-2 than induced by CYD. Chimeras thus induced DCs maturation and a controlled response accompanied by limited inflammatory cytokine production and consistent expression of anti-viral interferons, in agreement with clinical observations of safety and immunogenicity.
Monophasic action potential mapping in human subjects with normal electrocardiograms: direct evidence for the genesis of the T wave. (1987)

T wave concordance in the normal human electrocardiogram (ECG) generally is explained by assuming opposite directions of ventricular depolarization and repolarization; however, direct experimental evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. We used a contact electrode catheter to record monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from 54 left ventricular endocardial sites during cardiac catheterization (seven patients) and a new contact electrode probe to record MAPs from 23 epicardial sites during cardiac surgery (three patients). All patients had normal left ventricular function and ECGs with concordant T waves. MAP recordings during constant sinus rhythm or right atrial pacing were analyzed for activation time (AT) = earliest QRS deflection to MAP upstroke, action potential duration (APD) = MAP upstroke to 90% repolarization, and repolarization time (RT) = AT plus APD. AT and APD varied by 32 and 64 msec, respectively, over the left ventricular endocardium and by 55 and 73 msec, respectively, over the left ventricular epicardium. On a regional basis, the diaphragmatic and apicoseptal endocardium had the shortest AT and the longest APD, and the anteroapical and posterolateral endocardium had the longest AT and the shortest APD (p less than .05 to less than .0001). RT was less heterogeneous than APD, and no significant transventricular gradients of RT were found. In percent of the simultaneously recorded QT interval, epicardial RT ranged from 70.8 to 87.4 (mean 80.7 +/- 3.9) and endocardial RT ranged from 80 to 97.8 (mean 87.1 +/- 4.4) (p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Possible Influence of Antibiotic Therapy on Usefulness of Metabolic Inhibition Test for Diagnosis of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infections (1971)

Certain antibiotics, if in serum, simulate specific antibody in the metabolic inhibition test for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. This effect is not eliminated by presence of serum or heat treatment.
Mechanical stretch induces lung α-epithelial Na<sup>+</sup>channel expression (2014)

ABSTRACT During fetal development physiological stretching helps drive lung growth and maturation. At birth, the α-subunit of the alveolar epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC) is a critical factor in helping to facilitate clearance of lung fluid during the perinatal period. The effects of stretch, however, on α-ENaC expression in the fetal lung have yet to be elucidated. In an effort to explore this question, we used both an in vitro cell culture model that exposes cells to repetitive cyclic stretch (CS) as well as an in vivo preterm animal model of mechanical ventilation (MV). We found that murine lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells exposed to repetitive CS showed a significant rise in α-ENaC mRNA expression. Total and cell-surface protein abundance of α-ENaC were also elevated after 24 h of CS. Stretch-induced increases in α-ENaC expression were suppressed in the presence of either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Pharmacological inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) did not attenuate stretch-induced increases in α-ENaC protein, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK or c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) did. In 29-day preterm rabbits, alveolar stretching secondary to postnatal MV markedly elevated fetal lung α-ENaC expression compared to spontaneously breathing counterparts. In summary, our findings indicate that mechanical stretch promotes α-ENaC expression.
Albumin Microbubble Persistence During Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Is Associated With Microvascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage (1998)

Sonicated albumin microbubbles persist within the myocardium in situations in which the endothelial glycocalyx is damaged. The measurement of the myocardial transit rate of albumin microbubbles may provide an in vivo assessment of endothelial glycocalyx damage.
Monolithic integration of light-emitting devices and silicon transistors (2007)

Dislocation-free, lattice-matched, Si/nitride/Si layers allow fabrication of compound-semiconductor-based light-emitting diodes and Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors on a single substrate.
Crystal truncation rods and surface roughness (1986)

We present x-ray-diffraction profiles from a variety of different crystals which are characteristically diffuse in the direction perpendicular to the surface through which the incident and diffracted beams pass, but sharp in both parallel directions. We show that these effects arise from truncation of the crystal lattice at the surface. To explain the precise form of the momentum-transfer dependence of the intensity across the reciprocal-space zone, it is necessary to include the effects of surface roughness on an atomic scale. Such measurements therefore allow highly sensitive roughness determinations to be made. Understanding the origin of these streaks of intensity will have significant impact on the practice of x-ray crystallographic determinations of surface structure.
Urinary tract infections in adults. (1999)

Urinary tract infections remain a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups. Recent studies have helped to better define the population groups at risk for these infections, as well as the most cost-effective management strategies. Initially, a urinary tract infection should be categorized as complicated or uncomplicated. Further categorization of the infection by clinical syndrome and by host (i.e., acute cystitis in young women, acute pyelonephritis, catheter-related infection, infection in men, asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly) helps the physician determine the appropriate diagnostic and management strategies. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by a predictable group of susceptible organisms. These infections can be empirically treated without the need for urine cultures. The most effective therapy for an uncomplicated infection is a three-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Complicated infections are diagnosed by quantitative urine cultures and require a more prolonged course of therapy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria rarely requires treatment and is not associated with increased morbidity in elderly patients.
Evaluation and Use of Mosquito Repellents (1966)

Repellents applied to skin and clothing are of great importance in protecting human beings from mosquito attack. They are especially important when other methods of obtaining relief from annoying pests and mosquito vectors of various diseases are not feasible. Before World War II, repellent dopes gave very little protection from mosquito attack. One such dope contained oil of citronella along with gum camphor, oil of pennyroyal, pine oil, and stearic acid. Effective mosquito repellents were developed during World War II and even more efficient repellents have been developed since that time. We have not attained our ultimate goal of providing the ideal mosquito repellent, but diethyltoluamide (deet) comes the closest. This paper will be concerned primarily with the program to evaluate mosquito repellents being conducted by the Insects Affecting Man and Animals Research Laboratory at Gainesville, Fla, previously located at Orlando, Fla. I will describe the testing techniques we use
A half-micron ferroelectric memory cell technology with stacked capacitor structure (2002)

A half-micron ferroelectric technology applicable to mega-bit non-volatile memories is reported. 10.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 1transistor/1capacitor cell with a stacked capacitor structure is successfully achieved using planarization by CMP (chemical mechanical polishing), dry etching at the high temperature and TiO/sub 2/ diffusion barrier technologies. The capacitance above 50 fF is obtained at the size of 1.5 /spl mu/m/spl times/1.5 /spl mu/m, which satisfies the primary requirements for 4M NVDRAM operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions (1993)

Colored photographic pictures that varied widely across the affective dimensions of valence (pleasant-unpleasant) and arousal (excited-calm) were each viewed for a 6-s period while facial electromyographic (zygomatic and corrugator muscle activity) and visceral (heart rate and skin conductance) reactions were measured. Judgments relating to pleasure, arousal, interest, and emotional state were measured, as was choice viewing time. Significant covariation was obtained between (a) facial expression and affective valence judgments and (b) skin conductance magnitude and arousal ratings. Interest ratings and viewing time were also associated with arousal. Although differences due to the subject's gender and cognitive style were obtained, affective responses were largely independent of the personality factors investigated. Response specificity, particularly facial expressiveness, supported the view that specific affects have unique patterns of reactivity. The consistency of the dimensional relationships between evaluative judgments (i.e., pleasure and arousal) and physiological response, however, emphasizes that emotion is fundamentally organized by these motivational parameters.
Explicit routing algorithms for Internet traffic engineering (2003)

This paper considers explicit routing algorithms for Internet traffic engineering. Explicit routing is seen to be a much more capable solution for improving network utilization than the current destination-based routing and the multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) standard has made explicit routes implementable. ISP can now have fine granularity control over the traffic distribution across their backbones by carefully overlaying explicit routes over the physical network. The basic traffic engineering problem is how to set up explicit routes to meet bandwidth demands between the edge nodes of the network and at the same time to optimize the network performance. We model the traffic engineering problem as an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing congestion and maximizing potential for traffic growth. We present two mathematical formulations, one linear programming for the case of allowing demand bifurcation and one integer programming for the case of disallowing demand bifurcation. While the bifurcation case can be solved to optimality, we show that the non-bifurcation case is NP-hard. Four heuristic schemes are proposed for the non-bifurcation case, with the most sophisticated one being based on re-routing of split demands in the optimal solution of the bifurcation case. The performance of these heuristic schemes are tested in a large backbone topology. Our results show that shortest-path and minimum hop algorithms, although widely used in current routing protocols, perform poorly, white the re-routing approach performs best.
Facile Preparation of Multifunctional Upconversion Nanoprobes for Multimodal Imaging and Dual‐Targeted Photothermal Therapy (2011)

Jack of all trades: A multifunctional nanoparticle (MFNP) integrates an upconversion nanoparticle (see picture, green), a layer of iron oxide nanoparticles (black), and a gold shell (red). The system can be used for in vitro targeted upconversion luminescence, magnetic resonance, and light scattering multimodal imaging of cells. The near-infrared optical absorption of MFNPs also enables photothermal destruction of cancer cells.
Expanding and Shrinking Porous Modulation Based on Pillared‐Layer Coordination Polymers Showing Selective Guest Adsorption (2004)

Die beiden rational entworfenen und synthetisierten mikroporösen 3D-Netzwerke, in denen Schichten durch säulenartig angeordnete Liganden (siehe Formeln) verknüpft sind, sind thermisch beständig und weisen hoch selektive Adsorptionseigenschaften auf, doch das Entfernen von eingelagerten Wassermolekülen führt beim einen zu einer Expansion und beim anderen zu einer Kontraktion. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z53923_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimization of amorphadiene synthesis in <i>bacillus subtilis</i> via transcriptional, translational, and media modulation (2013)

Genetically engineered microbes have been intensively investigated as a means for the cost-effective production of isoprenoids. Bacillus subtilis is a promising microbial host for this purpose because of its fast growth rate and GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status. To date, development of this host has been impaired by the lack of genetic tools for modulating the expression of multiple genes. In this study, we present a novel two-promoter system which can be used to independently control the expression levels of two gene cassettes over a large dynamic range. Coupled with protein translation engineering and systematic media optimization, ~20 mg/L amorphadiene was produced in shake flask scale, a 40-fold improvement over the highest reported isoprenoid product yield in B. subtilis. As the tools and strategies developed here can be extended to the overproduction of other valuable metabolites, this proof-of-concept study lays the foundation for high level heterologous production of isoprenoids in Bacillus.