gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic interactions of interleukin 1, interferon-<i>beta</i>, and tumor necrosis factor in terminally differentiating a mouse myeloid leukemic cell line (M1). Evidence that interferon-beta is an autocrine differentiating factor. (1988)

Abstract The effect was investigated of combinations of cytokines known to be cytostatic for some tumor cells, namely interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interferon-beta (IFN-beta), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), on the growth and differentiation of the mouse myeloid leukemic cell line, M1, cells. IL-1 alpha, IFN-beta, and TNF by themselves are antiproliferative for M1 cells. Treatment of cells with a mixture of any two of the three cytokines resulted in at least additive growth inhibition. None of these cytokines by themselves induced differentiation of M1 cells as assessed by increased expression of Fc receptors (FcR), stimulation of phagocytic activity and by morphologic criteria. However, as little as 1 U/ml IL-1 alpha in conjunction with IFN-beta or TNF increased FcR expression, phagocytic activity and morphologic changes in addition to inhibiting the growth of M1 cells. The combination of IFN-beta and TNF did not induce differentiation, although the growth of the cells was markedly inhibited. Both TNF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the in vitro production of IFN activity by M1 cells. Furthermore, the induction of differentiation of M1 cells by a combination of IL-1 alpha with either IFN-beta, TNF, or LPS was inhibited by antibody against mouse IFN-beta. Therefore, it appears that IFN-beta provides one of the two required signals for differentiation of M1 cells by these combinations of stimulants, the other being IL-1. Furthermore, the cytostatic effect of TNF by itself on M1 cells was also partly blocked by anti-IFN-beta antibody, suggesting that IFN-beta is also involved in the growth inhibitory effect of TNF for M1 cells. In contrast, the cytostatic effect of IL-1 on M1 cells was not blocked by anti-IFN-beta antibody. In conclusion, both the cytostatic and differentiative effect of TNF appear to be mediated by IFN-beta. Thus, the combination of IL-1 and IFN-beta or inducers of IFN-beta resulted in terminal differentiation of M1 cells. Northern blot analysis using cDNAs for murine IFN-beta1 or human IFN-beta2 showed an increased expression of mRNA for IFN-beta1 but not for IFN-beta2 by stimulation with TNF or LPS, strongly suggesting that IFN-beta 1 rather than IFN-beta 2 is responsible for TNF or LPS effects.
Infection of SCID mice with Montana Myotis leukoencephalitis virus as a model for flavivirus encephalitis (2002)

We have established a convenient animal model for flavivirus encephalitis using Montana Myotis leukoencephalitis virus (MMLV), a bat flavivirus. This virus has the same genomic organization, and contains the same conserved motifs in genes that encode potential antiviral targets, as flaviviruses that cause disease in man (N. Charlier et al., accompanying paper), and has a similar particle size (approximately 40 nm). MMLV replicates well in Vero cells and appears to be equally as sensitive as yellow fever virus and dengue fever virus to a selection of experimental antiviral agents. Cells infected with MMLV show dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, a characteristic of flavivirus infection. Intraperitoneal, intranasal or direct intracerebral inoculation of SCID mice with MMLV resulted in encephalitis ultimately leading to death, whereas immunocompetent mice were refractory to either intranasal or intraperitoneal infection with MMLV. Viral RNA and/or antigens were detected in the brain and serum of MMLV-infected SCID mice, but not in any other organ examined: MMLV was detected in the olfactory lobes, the cerebral cortex, the limbic structures, the midbrain, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Infection was confined to neurons. Treatment with the interferon-alpha/beta inducer poly(I).poly(C) protected SCID mice against MMLV-induced morbidity and mortality, and this protection correlated with a reduction in infectious virus titre and viral RNA load. This validates the MMLV model for use in antiviral drug studies. The MMLV SCID model may, therefore, be attractive for the study of chemoprophylactic or chemotherapeutic strategies against flavivirus infections causing encephalitis.
KAZAKHSTANI CROSS-LISTED STOCK PRICES, EFFICIENCY MARKET AND IPO (2013)

As financial markets become global, foreign financial markets also become more accessible to domestic firms. It is opportunity to local firms to list their shares in a foreign exchange, in most cases a London stock exchange. But not all firms afford to list abroad due to costs associated with transaction and administrative costs. Other barriers can be the requirements, lack of transparency, legal barriers, or even distance to be listed on foreign exchange. Therefore only few Kazakhstani companies can list their shares abroad. This study emphasizes the necessity and importance of learning of main purposes of the companies to list shares abroad. Cross-listing gives opportunity to enlarge their shareholder base and make their stock available to new investors. Secondly, it increases liquidity. In a more liquid market results in higher valuation as well. Finally, by listing on foreign market is usually better in terms of investor protection and disclosure requirements. This study will be focused on an aspect of price sensitivity, and liquidity effect before and after listing abroad. Empirical studies have shown that the value of the listed firms increases in the domestic market upon the announcement of the cross-listing, and especially when the firm comes from less-developed market.
A Research Outlook for Real-Time Project Information Management by Integrating Advanced Field Data Acquisition Systems and Building Information Modeling (2009)

The paper aims to investigate the current research gaps in the application of advanced field data acquisition technologies (e.g. 3D Laser Scanning and Radio Frequency Identification) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. It starts with an overview of past research done in the area and outlines the processes required to implement these tools. It provides a discussion on related challenges and presents a discussion on potential applications of these tools. The paper suggests an outlook for integrating these systems and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for real-time project information management as a response to the industry's low productivity rates.
Searching for photochromic liquid crystals Spironaphthoxazine substituted with a mesogenic group (1990)

Abstract A number of photochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazines containing mesogenic groups were synthesized. Only one of them, spiro-indoline-naphthoxazine with mesogenic substituent, 4-(4-heptylbenzoyloxy)benzoyloxy in 5-position, revealed mesomorphic properties. Its phase behaviour, photochromism and alignment in the electric field was investigated. A structure of the mesophase is discussed.
Greatly improved performance of 340nm light emitting diodes using a very thin GaN interlayer on a high temperature AlN buffer layer (2006)

This letter reports a simple approach to significantly improve the performance of 340nm ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) on an AlN buffer layer. Greatly improved optical and electrical properties of the 340nm UV-LED have been achieved by using a very thin GaN interlayer (10–20nm), deposited on AlN as a buffer layer directly on sapphire prior to growth of the UV-LED structure. Compared with the UV-LED without the thin GaN interlayer, the output power of the LED with it is increased by a factor of ∼2.2, and the applied bias voltage at 20mA drops from 6.5to∼5V. High resolution transmission electron observation indicates that the thin GaN interlayer can effectively stop the penetration of the dislocations in the AlN buffer layer into the overlaying AlGaN layer, while most of the dislocations in the AlN buffer layer in the UV-LED without the thin GaN interlayer can propagate into the overlying AlGaN layer. Therefore, the enhanced performance of the 340nm UV-LEDs results from a massive reduction in dislocation density in the overlying device structure due to the very thin GaN interlayer. Since it is extremely difficult to reduce the dislocation density in an AlN layer on sapphire, the simple and reliable approach reported in this letter provides a good alternative option to prevent the propagation of dislocations from an AlN buffer into an overlying device structure.
A framework for anisotropic adaptive filtering and analysis of image sequences and volumes (1992)

A framework for analysis and adaptive filtering of time sequences and volume is presented. Time sequences and volumes constitute three-dimensional signal spaces (two spatial dimensions and one time dimension or three spatial dimensions). The signal is convolved with a set of 3D quadrature filters. The filter function is separable in orientation and radius and the uncertainty product of the filters exceeds that of Gabor filters by only 15%. The output from the filters is combined to form a 3D tensor field giving a local description of the neighborhood. To increase robustness the field is convolved with a 3D smoothing filter. This field is used to construct a filter adapting to the local situation. Results showing precise and robust performance using both synthetic and real data are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vitamin D deficiency: time for action (1998)

Vitamin D is both a vitamin and a hormone and has diverse actions. The major biologically active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, plays a central part in maintaining calcium and phosphate homoeostasis and also has antiproliferative, prodifferentiation, and immunosuppressive effects; its receptors are distributed in various tissues, including bone, pancreas, stomach, gonads, brain, skin, and breast.1 Vitamin D is essential for skeletal health, and severe deficiency is associated with defective mineralisation resulting in rickets or its adult equivalent, osteomalacia. More subtle degrees of insufficiency lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover, which play an important part in age related bone loss and osteoporotic fractures.

Over recent decades a wealth of evidence has accumulated documenting vitamin D deficiency in elderly populations in Europe and elsewhere. 2 3 A recent study from the United States has added further evidence that vitamin D deficiency continues to be neglected and also raised questions about how best to combat it.4

Vitamin D status is most commonly assessed by measuring serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), the major circulating form of …
Educational change in South Africa 1994-2003: case studies in large-scale education reform (2003)

The focus of this case study of education reform is limited to three specific interventions by the South African government: education finance reform, curriculum reform, and the teacher rationalization process. These three interventions were sampled from a rich mix of reforms because they were initiated very early in the democratic transition and because there is a reasonably sound empirical base from which to make judgments about the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions. This case study of educational reform in South Africa will present a critical analysis of the reform goals, design, implementation, and impact for each of the three interventions. In the end, the objective of this case report is to contribute new insights and understandings to the global knowledge base on education reforms in developing countries. The post-apartheid government of 1994 inherited one of the most unequal societies in the world. Decades of social and economic discrimination against black South Africans left a legacy of income inequality along racial lines. Furthermore HIV/AIDS constitutes a massive threat to development in Southern Africa. In the general population, 11 percent of South Africans from all walks of life are HIV positive, with 15.2 percent of this group aged between 15 and 49. Higher rates of infection are found in children aged between 2 and 14. HIV/AIDS impacts education policy reform goals in a number of ways. It erodes participation gains that resulted from reform attempts to broaden access to primary, secondary, and tertiary education given that more and more students either die or drop out of school because of personal illness (HIV/AIDS infected) or family illness (HIV/AIDS-affected). Indeed high infant mortality rates mean that fewer students than expected show up for the first year of schooling. Second, HIV-AIDS erodes quality gains premised on the availability of trained and experienced teachers to deliver on new curriculum or assessment reforms in the sense that more and more teachers are leaving the education system because of illness or death.
Question Answering over Knowledge Base using Factual Memory Networks (2016)

In the task of question answering, Memory Networks have recently shown to be quite effective towards complex reasoning as well as scalability, in spite of limited range of topics covered in training data. In this paper, we introduce Factual Memory Network, which learns to answer questions by extracting and reasoning over relevant facts from a Knowledge Base. Our system generate distributed representation of questions and KB in same word vector space, extract a subset of initial candidate facts, then try to find a path to answer entity using multi-hop reasoning and refinement. Additionally, we also improve the run-time efficiency of our model using various computational heuristics.
An Ultimate, Compact, Seal‐less Centrifugal Ventricular Assist Device: Baylor C‐Gyro Pump (1994)

We have developed a compact, seal-less, all-purpose centrifugal pump, the Baylor C-Gyro pump, which is intended as a long-term ventricular assist device (VAD) as well as a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. In attaining this goal, we began with eliminating the shaft seals by adopting a pivot bearing system at the impeller shaft. In addition, a ring magnet encased in the bottom of the impeller was coupled magnetically to a driver magnet placed outside the pump housing (C1 Prototype). This first model yielded satisfactory performance in vitro with a flow rate of 8 L/min against 250 mm Hg at 2,400 rpm, and an index of hemolysis (IH) of 0.0083 g/100 L using bovine blood. In the second model, the C1 Eccentric Inlet Port Model, the inlet bearing support bar in the prototype were eliminated without reducing the prototype's performance. These designs for antithrombogenicity are being tested by the first in vivo experiment, which has lasted for more than 2 weeks.
Gas scintillation proportional counters (1981)

The principle of operation of the gas scintillation proportional counter and a history of its developmnt is presented here. Its advantages and possible applications are also considered.
RFID based production and distribution management systems for home appliance industry (2010)

The goal of the paper is to provide RFID based management methodologies for the production and distribution processes in the life cycle management of home appliances. Major hardware components and software functions of the process management systems are described as a combination case of closed-loop and open-loop applications. For the closed-loop application in factories, HF RFID tray tags, workstation readers and smart vehicles are employed to bridge the gaps between ERP systems and automatic monitoring systems in the production process. While for the open-loop application outside of factories, UHF RFID product tags and RFID gates are used to monitor the changes of product locations and states in the distribution process. The combination application has built up information tunnels between data islands existed in the life cycle of home appliances and realized comprehensive tracking and tracing for efficient management.
Who's Viewed You? The Impact of Feedback in a mobile location Sharing System (2009)

Feedback is viewed as an essential element of ubiquitous computing systems in the HCI literature for helping people manage their privacy. However, the success of online social networks and existing commercial systems for mobile location sharing which do not incorporate feedback would seem to call the importance of feedback into question. We investigated this issue in the context of a mobile location sharing system. Specifically, we report on the findings of a field deployment of Locyoution, a mobile location sharing system. In our study, (n = 56), one group was given feedback in the form of a history of location requests, and a second group was given no feedback at all. Our major contribution has been to show that feedback is an important contributing factor towards improving user comfort levels and allaying privacy concerns. Participants ’ privacy concerns were reduced after using the mobile location sharing system. Additionally, our study suggests that peer opinion and technical savviness contribute most to whether or not participants thought they would continue to use a mobile location technology. Author Keywords Context-awareness, mobile location sharing technology, mobile
Differential requirements for myogenic regulatory factors distinguish medial and lateral somitic, cranial and fin muscle fibre populations (2009)

Myogenic regulatory factors of the Myod family (MRFs) are transcription factors essential for mammalian skeletal myogenesis. However, the roles of each gene in myogenesis remain unclear, owing partly to genetic linkage at the Myf5/Mrf4 locus and to rapid morphogenetic movements in the amniote somite. In mice, Myf5 is essential for the earliest epaxial myogenesis, whereas Myod is required for timely differentiation of hypaxially derived muscle. A second major subdivision of the somite is between primaxial muscle of the somite proper and abaxial somite-derived migratory muscle precursors. Here, we use a combination of mutant and morphant analysis to ablate the function of each of the four conserved MRF genes in zebrafish, an organism that has retained a more ancestral bodyplan. We show that a fundamental distinction in somite myogenesis is into medial versus lateral compartments, which correspond to neither epaxial/hypaxial nor primaxial/abaxial subdivisions. In the medial compartment, Myf5 and/or Myod drive adaxial slow fibre and medial fast fibre differentiation. Myod-driven Myogenin activity alone is sufficient for lateral fast somitic and pectoral fin fibre formation from the lateral compartment, as well as for cranial myogenesis. Myogenin activity is a significant contributor to fast fibre differentiation. Mrf4 does not contribute to early myogenesis in zebrafish. We suggest that the differential use of duplicated MRF paralogues in this novel two-component myogenic system facilitated the diversification of vertebrates.
Orientation dependence of the Si doping of GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1993)

An optical study of Si-doped GaAs grown on (311)A-, (111)A-, (111)B- and (100)-oriented substrates by molecular beam epitaxy is reported. Raman measurements on these samples indicate good crystalline properties. Electrical characterization reveals an n-type doping of the (111)B and (100) samples and a p-type doping of the (111)A and (311)A samples. Detailed assessment of the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra suggests that the (311)A sample is more compensated than the (111)A sample and that the (111)B is more compensated than the (100) sample.
[ Sans Titre - No Title ]Pierre CRÉPEAU et Simon BIZIMANA : Proverbes du Rwanda. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Série In-8o, Sciences humaines, no 97, Tervuren, 1979, 800 pages. (1980)

Pierre CRÉPEAU et Simon BIZIMANA : Proverbes du Rwanda. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Série In-8o, Sciences humaines, no 97, Tervuren, 1979, 800 pages.. Un article de la revue Anthropologie et Sociétés (Chasses et collectes) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Near-Optimal Signal Detection Based on the MMSE Detection Using Multi-Dimensional Search for Correlated MIMO Channels (2011)

This paper proposes a low-complexity signal detection algorithm for spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The proposed algorithm sets a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection result to the starting point, and searches for signal candidates in multi-dimensions of the noise enhancement from which the MMSE detection suffers. The multi-dimensional search is needed because the number of dominant directions of the noise enhancement is likely to be more than one over the correlated MIMO channels. To reduce the computational complexity of the multi-dimensional search, the proposed algorithm limits the number of signal candidates to O(NT) where NT is the number of transmit antennas and O() is big O notation. Specifically, the signal candidates, which are unquantized, are obtained as the solution of a minimization problem under a constraint that a stream of the candidates should be equal to a constellation point. Finally, the detected signal is selected from hard decisions of both the MMSE detection result and unquantized signal candidates on the basis of the log likelihood function. For reducing the complexity of this process, the proposed algorithm decreases the number of calculations of the log likelihood functions for the quantized signal candidates. Computer simulations under a correlated MIMO channel condition demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides an excellent trade-off between BER performance and complexity, and that it is superior to conventional one-dimensional search algorithms in BER performance while requiring less complexity than the conventional algorithms.
Progress in optical networking (2001)

This article summarizes the present state of optical networking, how we got to this point, and what needs to be done to complete the job. The point of departure is an assumed future two-level structure in which the transport is by means of steadily growing interconnected all-optical islands of transparency, while the remainder of the communication layers are based on IP, both levels being managed by an MPLS-based control plane. After reviewing why such networks are becoming inevitable, a review is given of the various optical layer technology and architecture bottlenecks that have had to be solved. Issues that remain center on increasing the number of channels and reducing the technology costs.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROID BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE (1968)

SUMMARY. —Beclomethasone dipropionate is a new topical steroid with marked vasoconstrictor and anti‐inflammatory activity. At a concentration of 0·025% in a simple, oil‐in‐water emulsion “cream” base beclomethasone dipropionate is significantly more effective clinically than is fluocinolone acetonide 0·025%) in an apparently similar base. The effectiveness of beclomethasone dipropionate 0·025% in an ointment base is significantly increased by dissolving the steroid in propylene glycol before incorporating it into the ointment. Beclomethasone dipropionate 0·025% in a propylene glycol/ointment base is clinically indistinguishable from fluocinolone acetonide 0·025% ointment. Further investigation of the influence of cream and ointment bases on the clinical effectiveness of topical steroids might prove interesting.