gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic behavior of Ag/dielectric nanowires and the effect of geometry (2009)

Recently, the authors have shown that dielectric/metal composite nanowires exhibit very strong surface enhanced Raman (SERS) signals when arranged in a random three-dimensional geometry. Since they believe that the intersections of nanowires are critical in generating the high electric fields necessary for this enhancement, they have investigated the effect of crossing geometry under more controlled conditions. Thus, they will discuss the formation of nanowire arrays by in situ growth achieved by the control of nanowire material/substrate combination, as well as ex situ nanowire array formation involving e-beam lithography. They have examined the plasmonic effects, both longitudinal and transverse, due to changes in crossing geometry by specific placements of dielectric/metal nanowires on the fabricated arrays. The effects of nanowire geometry and the resulting SERS behavior show the importance of the dielectric/metal configuration, as well as the importance of nanowire angular geometry in the SERS enhancement.
Stromal MCP‐1 in mammary tumors induces tumor‐associated macrophage infiltration and contributes to tumor progression (2009)

There is growing evidence that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor growth and dissemination. Many individual reports have focused on the protumor function of molecules linked to the recruitment of macrophages, but little is known about which factor has the strongest impact on recruitment of macrophages in breast cancer. To elucidate this question, we performed RT-PCR using species-specific primers and evaluated tumoral and stromal mRNA expression of macrophage chemoattractants separately in human breast tumor xenografts. The correlation between the tumoral or stromal chemoattractant mRNA expression including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (CCL2), MIP-1alpha (CCL3), RANTES (CCL5), colony-stimulating factor 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and macrophage infiltration were compared. There was significant positive correlation between stromal MCP-1 expression and macrophage number (r = 0.63), and negative correlation between tumoral RANTES expression and macrophage number (r = -0.75). However, no significant correlation was found for the other tumoral and stromal factors. The interaction between the tumor cells and macrophages was also investigated. Tumor cell-macrophage interactions augmented macrophage-derived MCP-1 mRNA expression and macrophage chemotactic activity in vitro. Treatment of immunodeficient mice bearing human breast cancer cells with a neutralizing antibody to MCP-1 resulted in significant decrease of macrophage infiltration, angiogenetic activity and tumor growth. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancer tissue showed stromal MCP-1 had a significant correlation with relapse free survival (p = 0.029), but tumoral MCP-1 did not (p = 0.105). These findings indicate that stromal MCP-1 produced as a result of tumor-stromal interactions may be important for the progression of human breast cancer and macrophages may play an important role in this tumor-stroma interaction.
Diet effect on activity product ratios of uric acid, sodium urate, and ammonium urate in urine formed by healthy Beagles (1995)

Urine activity product ratios of uric acid, sodium urate, and ammonium urate and urinary excretion of metabolites were determined in 24-hour samples produced by 6 healthy Beagles during periods of consumption of a low-protein, casein-based diet (diet A) and a high-protein, meat-based diet (diet B). Comparison of effects of diet A with those of diet B revealed: significantly lower activity product ratios of uric acid (P = 0.025), sodium urate (P = 0.045), and ammonium urate (P = 0.0045); significantly lower 24-hour urinary excretion of uric acid (P = 0.002), ammonia (P = 0.0002), sodium (P = 0.01), calcium (P = 0.005), phosphorus (P = 0.0003), magnesium (P = 0.01), and oxalic acid (P = 0.004); significantly (P = 0.0001) higher 24-hour urine pH; and significantly (P = 0.01) lower endogenous creatinine clearance. These results suggest that consumption of diet A minimizes changes in urine that predispose dogs to uric acid, sodium urate, and ammonium urate urolithiasis.
Docetaxel-loaded PEG-albumin nanoparticles with improved antitumor efficiency against non-small cell lung cancer (2016)

The aim of the present study was mainly to assess the advantage of docetaxel-loaded PEG-albumin nanoparticles (PEG-DANPs) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with the commercial product of docetaxel (Aisu®) and docetaxel-albumin nanoparticles (DANPs). We made systematic assessments on these three drugs against NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Based on our experiments, PEG-DANPs showed a dose- and time-dependent efficacy in the in vitro cytotoxicity studies; the tumors growth and the metastases in the livers of NSCLC-bearing nude mice in vivo were reduced dmarkedly by PEG-DANPs, and the PEG-DANP-treated mice had a minimum of weight loss; furthermore, the mice which were treated with PEG-DANPs can survive longer than the other groups. In conclusion, the PEG-DANPs have the lowest side-effects, and the highest antitumor and metastases activity of the three drugs, and it may provide an alternative to patients with NSCLC.
Tactile Discrimination Using Active Whisker Sensors (2011)

We describe a novel, biomimetic tactile sensing system modeled on the facial whiskers (vibrissae) of animals such as rats and mice. The “BIOTACT Sensor” consists of a conical array of modular, actuated hair-like elements, each instrumented at the base to accurately detect deflections of the shaft by whisker-surface contacts. A notable characteristic of this array is that, like the biological sensory system it mimics, the whiskers are moved back-and-forth (“whisked”) so as to make repeated, brief contacts with surfaces of interest. Furthermore, these movements are feedback-modulated in a manner intended to emulate some of the “active sensing” control strategies observed in whiskered animals. We show that accurate classification of surface texture using data obtained from whisking against three different surfaces is achievable using classifiers based on either naive Bayes or template methods. Notably, the performance of both these approaches to classify textures after training on as few as one or two surface contacts was improved when the whisking motion was controlled using a sensory feedback mechanism. We conclude that active vibrissal sensing could likewise be a useful sensory capacity for autonomous robots.
Densification of Bi<sub>1.8</sub>(Pb)<sub>0.35</sub>Sr<sub>1.9</sub>Ca<sub>2.1</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> and Texture Development through Sinter-Forging (1993)

A technique known as sinter-forging has been used to achieve dense Bi 1.8 (Pb) 0.35 Sr 1.9 Ca 2.1 Cu 3 O x high- T c superconducting material with oriented grains. The relationship between the final microstructure and processing conditions was elucidated. Material density and texture increases with the hot-forging pressure and temperature. Grains are elongated with the c -axis oriented approximately parallel to the direction of applied stress. The degree of grain orientation has been quantified using X-ray diffraction and is reported in terms of Lotgering's orientation factors. A maximum orientation factor of 38% was found for processing at 830°C and 4 MPa in air. The influence of the sintering temperature and atmosphere on the electrical properties has been investigated. After processing at 810°C and 4 MPa, the sinter-forged materials exhibit superconductivity, according to resistivity measurements, with a T c ( R =0) of 104 K. The critical current density at 77 K increases with increasing bulk density.
Wave Energy Development Roadmap: Design to commercialization (2012)

In order to promote and support development of the wave energy industry, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a Wave Energy Development Roadmap. The Wave Energy Development Roadmap outlines the pathway from initial design to commercialization for Wave Energy Converter (WEC) technologies. Commercialization of a wave energy technology is embodied in the deployment of an array of WEC's, a WEC Farm. The development process is related to the commonly used metric of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). The roadmap incorporates modeling and experimental expectations at corresponding TRLs which provide a guide for the industry to pursue successful design optimizations, prototype deployments, and utility scale commercialization. The roadmap serves the additional purpose of pinpointing research gaps in the development process.
Access: how do good health technologies get to poor people in poor countries? (2009)

Many people in developing countries lack access to health technologies even basic ones. Why do these problems in access persist? What can be done to improve access to good health technologies especially for poor people in poor countries? This book answers those questions by developing a comprehensive analytical framework for access and examining six case studies to explain why some health technologies achieved more access than others. The technologies include praziquantel (for the treatment of schistosomiasis) hepatitis B vaccine malaria rapid diagnostic tests vaccine vial monitors for temperature exposure the Norplant implant contraceptive and female condoms. Based on research studies commissioned by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to better understand the development adoption and uptake of health technologies in poor countries the book concludes with specific lessons on strategies to improve access. These lessons will be of keen interest to students of health and development public health professionals and health technology developers -- all who seek to improve access to health technologies in poor countries.
Overexpression of Bmi-1 oncoprotein correlates with axillary lymph node metastases in invasive ductal breast cancer (2004)

The modulation of Bmi-1 is observed in several tumor tissues, and its heightened protein level is suspected to be involved in tumorigenesis by acting as a transcriptional repressor in the INK4a/ARF locus. To elucidate the modulation of Bmi-1 in invasive ductal breast cancers, we examined its transcript and protein levels. The bmi-1 mRNA level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that it was significantly up-regulated in 28 specimens out of 33 breast carcinoma tissues compared with those of non-neoplastic tissues just adjusted to tested specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for Bmi-1 also showed that 44 specimens out of 71 breast carcinoma tissues (62%) had strong positive signals with a more intense staining pattern in the invading fronts than in the central portions of primary invasive breast cancers. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a high level of Bmi-1 expression was significantly correlated with axillary lymph node metastases and positive estrogen receptor status. These findings suggested that Bmi-1 might be involved in the tumor progression and metastasis of invasive ductal breast cancer.
Convex Analysis and Optimization (2003)

6.253 develops the core analytical issues of continuous optimization, duality, and saddle point theory, using a handful of unifying principles that can be easily visualized and readily understood. The mathematical theory of convex sets and functions is discussed in detail, and is the basis for an intuitive, highly visual, geometrical approach to the subject.
REVIEWS (1976)

Grammaire approfondie de la langue tahitiènne (anciènne et moderne). By Hubert Coppenrath and Paul Prevost. Librairie Pureora, Papeete. 1974. Price CFP 570. Pp. XIV + 474.
Cell-cycle dependent localization of MELK and its new partner RACK1 in epithelial <i>versus</i> mesenchyme-like cells in Xenopus embryo (2013)

Maternal Embryonic Leucine zipper Kinase (MELK) was recently shown to be involved in cell division of Xenopus embryo epithelial cells. The cytokinetic furrow of these cells ingresses asymmetrically and is developmentally regulated. Two subpopulations of xMELK, the mMELK (for "mitotic" xMELK) and iMELK ("interphase" xMELK), which differ in their spatial and temporal regulation, are detected in Xenopus embryo. How cells regulate these two xMELK populations is unknown. In this study we show that, in epithelial cells, xMELK is present at a higher concentration at the apical junctional complex, in contrast to mesenchyme-like cells, which have uniform distribution of cortical MELK. Interestingly, mMELK and iMELK also differ by their requirements towards cell-cell contacts to establish their proper cortical localization both in epithelial and mesenchyme-like cells. Receptor for Activated protein Kinase C (RACK1), which we identified as an xMELK partner, co-localizes with xMELK at the tight junction. Moreover, a truncated RACK1 construct interferes with iMELK localization at cell-cell contacts. Collectively, our results suggest that iMELK and RACK1 are present in the same complex and that RACK1 is involved in the specific recruitment of iMELK at the apical junctional complex in epithelial cells of Xenopus embryos.
A distributed application-oriented development framework based on resource management (2002)

More and more resources are becoming available to users as the techniques of distributed systems are being developed. How to manage these resources may be a key to offering the users all the potentials of a distributed system. The paper proposes an approach to not only managing the resources but also providing a platform for users to develop their applications with the available resources.
Design and Operation of All-Solid-State, 320 mW Continuous-Wave Yellow Laser (2007)

Continuous-wave powers up to 320mW at 588 nm and quasi-cw powers up to 700mW are reported from diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser with intracavity Raman-shifting (KGW) and intracavity frequency-doubling (LBO) are reported, with efficiency up to 3.2%
Genotype Imputation with Thousands of Genomes (2011)

Genotype imputation is a statistical technique that is often used to increase the power and resolution of genetic association studies. Imputation methods work by using haplotype patterns in a reference panel to predict unobserved genotypes in a study dataset, and a number of approaches have been proposed for choosing subsets of reference haplotypes that will maximize accuracy in a given study population. These panel selection strategies become harder to apply and interpret as sequencing efforts like the 1000 Genomes Project produce larger and more diverse reference sets, which led us to develop an alternative framework. Our approach is built around a new approximation that uses local sequence similarity to choose a custom reference panel for each study haplotype in each region of the genome. This approximation makes it computationally efficient to use all available reference haplotypes, which allows us to bypass the panel selection step and to improve accuracy at low-frequency variants by capturing unexpected allele sharing among populations. Using data from HapMap 3, we show that our framework produces accurate results in a wide range of human populations. We also use data from the Malaria Genetic Epidemiology Network (MalariaGEN) to provide recommendations for imputation-based studies in Africa. We demonstrate that our approximation improves efficiency in large, sequence-based reference panels, and we discuss general computational strategies for modern reference datasets. Genome-wide association studies will soon be able to harness the power of thousands of reference genomes, and our work provides a practical way for investigators to use this rich information. New methodology from this study is implemented in the IMPUTE2 software package.
Updating distributed materialized views (1989)

The problem of updating materialized views in distributed database systems is discussed. An architecture and detailed procedures for updating a collection of remote views with arbitrary refresh times by using a single differential file are described. The efficiency of the update procedure is enhanced by adopting s multiquery optimization approach and by introducing a powerful prescreening procedure to eliminate differential tuples. It is shown that even for a single remote view, there are many instances where the update procedure performs better (with respect to total I/O and communication costs) than a base table approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of the dynamic behavior and short-pulse modulation scheme for laterally coupled diode lasers (2001)

A theoretical investigation of the high-speed coupling phenomena of two laterally coupled diode lasers (LCDL) is presented. The analysis is centered on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the LCDL when coupling between emitters is varied, We have obtained the dynamic behavior of these devices showing high resonance frequencies beyond the well-known resonance frequency of a single diode laser. In this paper, we have presented a new modulation scheme by asymmetric switching of the injected current in both stripes, showing short optical output pulse modulation with a high repetition rate.
Infection with Bacteroides fragilis: pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis in an animal model. (1982)

Organisms of the genus Bacterioides represent the major group of obligate anaerobes involved in human infections. Bacteroides usually cause either bacteremia or localized abscesses. Of the numerous species of Bacteroides, Bacteroides fragilis is the single most frequent clinical isolate. B. fragilis and Bacteroides melaninogenicus have chemically incomplete lipopolysaccharides as compared with the lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) of aerobic bacteria, and the lipopolysaccharides of Bacteroides lack of biologic potency characteristic of endotoxin. This inactivity may account for the very infrequent occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation or purpura that can accompany sepsis due to these organisms. Furthermore, strains of B. fragilis have an immunologically common capsular polysaccharide. In an animal model of intraabdominal sepsis, the encapsulated strains caused abscesses when given without other organisms. But abscess formation from unencapsulated strains of Bacteroides generally required the administration of a synergistic aerobe. The abscesses caused by encapsulated strains were shown to be directly attributable to the capsular polysaccharide, which is an important virulence factor of this organism. Antibody against the capsular antigen is protective against bacteremia due to B. fragilis, but T cell mediated immunity is protective against experimental intraabdominal abscesses.
Recent Advances in Antiviral Agents: Established and Innovative Therapies for Viral Hepatitis (2008)

The management of HBV or HCV has improved dramatically over the last decade with the development of new drugs. This paper provides a review of new available and developing treatment options for HBV and HCV associated liver diseases. In the closer future the most realistic therapeutical option for most of the patients with HBV and HCV infection will be combination and/or long-term usage of the new, stronger antiviral drugs, if they maintain good safety profiles, achieve low resistance rates and will be available at lower prices.
Automatic Moderation of Comments in a Large On-line Journalistic Environment (2007)

On-line journalistic sites publish several news and stories every day. Readers of these sites may comment a story, and, as a consequence, a single story might receive thousands of comments. The quality of these comments may vary a lot, from spams to truly useful information. Separating good from bad comments is the primary goal of comment moderation. In this paper we address the problem of automatic moderation of comments in a large journalistic Web site. Participants of the site may interact with each other, constituting a large social network. We propose a classification technique which combines underlying implicit patterns in the comments’ content with patterns hidden in the social network, and then uses the result for automatic moderation. We evaluate our proposed technique using a real collection of comments collected from the Slashdot forum. We compared the proposed technique against traditional ones, such as decision trees and SVMs. We observed that the proposed technique is very effective for scoring comments, reaching more than 96% of accuracy. Classifying comments seems to be a more complex task, and the proposed technique achieves almost 67% of accuracy. Further, the proposed technique is very fast, being able to classify and score hundreds of comments per minute.
Empirical interatomic potential for silicon with improved elastic properties (1988)

An alternative parametrization is given for a previous empirical interatomic potential for silicon. The new potential is designed to more accurately reproduce the elastic properties of silicon, which were poorly described in the earlier potential. The properties of liquid Si are also improved, but energies of surfaces are less accurate. Detailed tests of the new potential are described.
A simple and effective frontal sinus stent (2000)

We describe a frontal sinus stent which is cheap, easily produced and effective.
Redox-Driven Reversible Gating of Solid-State Nanochannels (2019)

The design of an electrochemically addressable nanofluidic diode is proposed, which allows tunable and nanofluidic operations via redox gating under electrochemical control. The fabrication process involves the modification of an asymmetric gold-coated solid-state nanopore with a thin layer of a redox polymer, poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc). The composite nanochannel acts as a gate electrode by changing the electrochemical state and, consequently, the conversion/switching of ferrocene into ferricenium units upon the application of different voltages. It is shown that the electrochemical input accurately controls the surface charge density of the nanochannel walls with a predictable concomitant effect on the rectification properties. PVFc-based nanofluidic devices are able to discriminate the passage of anionic species through the nanochannel in a qualitative and quantitative manner by simply switching the redox potential of the PVFc layer. Experimental data confirmed that a rapid and reversible modulation of the ionic transport regimes can be easily attained by changing the applied potential. This applied potential plays the role of the gate voltage (<i>V</i><sub>g</sub>) in field-effect transistors (FET), so these nanofluidic channels behave as ionic FETs. Depending on the <i>V</i><sub>g</sub> values, the iontronic behavior can be switched between ohmic and diode-like regimes. We believe that this system illustrates the potential of redox-active polymers integrated into nanofluidic devices as plausible, simple, and versatile platforms to create electrochemically addressable nanofluidic devices for multiple applications.
The Electrodeposition of Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys (1963)

Pyrophosphate solutions have been used for the successful deposition of iron‐molydenum and cobalt‐molybdenum alloys. This investigation shows that a similar bath can be used to deposit nickel‐molybdenum alloys. Hydrazine sulfate was added to prevent anodic oxidation of Ni (II). This greatly improved the cathode current efficiency, but lowered the molybdenum content of the deposits. Efficiency is further increased by wiping the cathode during plating. The average content of the deposits was about 60% molybdenum, 35.5% nickel, 4.5% nonmetallic material. The cathode current efficiency was about 37.5%. The deposits were bright and adherent.