gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. II. Generation of polyclonal antibody production and cells with surface IgG. (1982)

Abstract In the accompanying paper we showed that the injection of BALB/c mice with 800 µg of GaMδ induced a direct polyclonal increase in B cell proliferation as well as an indirect increase in T cell proliferation. This led us to investigate whether the same treatment might lead to polyclonal Ig secretion. We found that 6 to 7 days after GaMδ injection one-quarter to one-half of splenic B lymphocytes lost detectable surface IgM and acquired surface IgG. Surface labeling experiments established that much of this IgG had the electrophoretic characteristics of membrane rather than serum IgG, and was, therefore intrinsic rather than cytophilic. GaMδ also induced a striking increase in Ig secretion 6 to 7 days after injection, as indicated by 1) an approximately eightfold increase in serum lgG1 levels and smaller increases in serum IgM and lgG2a levels; 2) greater than fivefold and 50-fold increases in the in vitro incorporation of 3H-leucine into IgM and IgG, respectively, by spleen cells from GaMδ-injected mice; and 3) three to 10-fold and 20 to 50-fold increases in the percentages of spleen cells with large amounts of intracytoplasmic IgM and IgG, respectively. The great majority of the increase in cell surface and secreted IgG was accounted for by an increase in the lgG1 subclass. Both absorption and plaquing studies indicated that the increase in Ig secretion was polyclonal rather than a specific immune response to goat Ig. The injection of anti-δ antibodies failed to induce B cells from congenitally athymic mice or mice that were tolerant to the injected anti-δ antibody to undergo a switch in cell surface isotype or to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. We interpret these data and data presented in the companion paper as suggesting the binding to and cross-linking of B cell surface IgD by ligand leads to 1 ) direct activation of B lymphocytes that can include proliferation; 2) an indirect activation of T lymphocytes that can recognize the ligand as foreign; and 3) stimulation of activated B lymphocytes by T cell and/or accessory cell produced helper factors to undergo a switch in surface Ig isotype and to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. The injection of mice with heat-aggregated goat IgG or a rat antibody to ThB failed to estimate a switch in surface Ig isotype or the differentiation of B cells into Ig-secreting cells. Thus, the anti-δ-induced events probably involve specific triggering of B cells by a surface lg-ligand interaction rather than simply the binding of ligand to the B cell. After the catabolism of injected GaMδ there is a rapid loss of surface lgG+ and lg-secreting cells that appears to be a consequence of cell death and that causes the spleen to return to a condition approximating its prestimulated state.
Elastic scattering from cubic lattice systems with paracrystalline distortion. II (1990)

Our previous paper [Phys. Rev. B 36, 1754 (1987)], in which Hosemann's paracrystal theory was extended to three-dimensional cubic systems, contained some errors. In this paper, we have corrected these errors and further refined the theory. The scattering profiles by our new theory are not so different from the previous ones; satisfactory, even better agreements with experimental data are also obtained with slightly larger distortion factor g.
Molecular Basis for Estrogen Receptor   Deficiency in BRCA1-Linked Breast Cancer (2007)

BRCA1 alters the response of breast cancer cells to antiestrogen therapy by directly modulating ER alpha expression.
Synchronized Zero-Crossing-Based Self-Tuning Capacitor Time-Constant Estimator for Low-Power Digitally Controlled DC–DC Converters (2014)

A hardware efficient method and system for estimating the time constant and measuring the current of the output capacitors in digitally controlled switch-mode power supplies is introduced. The estimator emulates the equivalent RC circuit of the output capacitor with a much smaller version, placed in parallel, and adjusts its own resistance until the two circuits have the same time constant. The adjustment is based on a novel zero voltage crossing detection method and on synchronization with the digital pulse-width modulator operation. The effectiveness of the new estimator is verified with a 5 V to 1 V/5 A, 500-kHz buck converter prototype utilizing an optimal response controller. The experimental results show accuracy within a few tens of nanoseconds in the detection of capacitor zero-current crossing points, corresponding to a smaller than a 1.5% error in the time constant estimation, and, compared to an imperfectly tuned system, about 40% smaller voltage deviation during transients.
Faith in the Public Sphere (2014)

off for religious observance when others are not allowed to leave early, for example, to play sport.I suspect you would not hear the same complaints-at least not so publicly-about accommodations being made for disabled employees or perhaps even for female colleagues with childcare difficulties.Ten years ago, the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations of 2003 1 came into force in the U.K., and have subsequently been superseded by the Equality Act of 2010. 2 It has also been thirteen years since the Human Rights Act of 1998 came into force incorporating Article 9 (freedom of thought, conscience, and religion) of the European Convention on Human Rights into the U.K.'s domestic law. 3 The cases about faith in the public sphere have generated some of the most outspoken commentary, in part because of the huge divergence in views towards religion in the U.K.Some people have adopted a new breed of aggressive secularism (perhaps an inevitable instinctive response to the rise of international fundamentalist Christian and Islamic movements) that seeks to eradicate religion from public life altogether. 4 Meanwhile, there are substantial minorities of individuals with strongly held religious beliefs involving strict doctrine and practice.Some traditionalists mourn a perceived decline in the Church of England as dominant faith in the land. 5 Others have encouraged a political and legislative culture that conflates irritation, offence, alarm and distress, as evidenced by our public order and anti-social behavior statute books and 1
A three-dimensionally silicon-micromachined fluidic amplifier device (1998)

A fluidic proportional amplifier device is fabricated using three-dimensional silicon micromachining. The technology involves deep vertical dry etching to fabricate the amplifier midsection, and three-dimensional passage etching from the back side, followed by glass anodic bonding on the front side. In order to optimize the device performance, the amplifier geometries are designed using three-dimensional CFD (computational fluid dynamics) flow analysis. The device performance is measured using nitrogen as the working fluid. The experimentally measured value of the amplifier gain is 3.15.
Mud pulse MWD (measurements-while-drilling) systems (1981)

Measurements-While-Drilling systems using mud pulse telemetry, are now available to the industry The most popular sensor package is for directional drilling measurements. Accuracy of such measurements has been proved under field conditions and resulted in considerable savings in rig time. This acceptance and usage has increased the demand for other sensors for improved drilling efficiency, 'kick' detection and formation evaluation. 2 refs.
Control of the pressure flow relationship with a magnetically suspended centrifugal pump in a chronic animal experiment. (1998)

A magnetically suspended centrifugal pump (MSCP) has been developed for long-term ventricular support. Effective torque to blood of the MSCP is exactly proportional to a motor current because of no friction inside the MSCP. The authors have devised new driving modes using these characteristics and applied it to a chronic animal experiment. Three driving modes were compared: 1) a constant rotational speed (N), 2) a constant motor current (I), and 3) a controlled motor current (CI). In two of nine sheep, the MSCPs were operated by the N and in seven by the I mode. The motor current and the rotational speed were always monitored. The CI mode was studied by altering the resistance of the vessels. In the I mode, the rotational speed varied depending upon the pressure head, and the slope of the pressure-flow (P-Q) relationship was steeper than that of the N mode, so that the pump flow was stabilized. In the CI mode, in which the motor current increased to compensate for the decrease in pump flow as the rotational speed increased, the P-Q slope was effectively controlled when the resistance was changed. The MSCP was able to control the P-Q slope without monitor of the pump flow. Various driving modes could be selected according to changes in resistance.
Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA): Identification of virulence factors using a bacterial genome library and multiple invertebrate hosts (2008)

Current sequence databases now contain numerous whole genome sequences of pathogenic bacteria. However, many of the predicted genes lack any functional annotation. We describe an assumption-free approach, Rapid Virulence Annotation (RVA), for the high-throughput parallel screening of genomic libraries against four different taxa: insects, nematodes, amoeba, and mammalian macrophages. These hosts represent different aspects of both the vertebrate and invertebrate immune system. Here, we apply RVA to the emerging human pathogen Photorhabdus asymbiotica using "gain of toxicity" assays of recombinant Escherichia coli clones. We describe a wealth of potential virulence loci and attribute biological function to several putative genomic islands, which may then be further characterized using conventional molecular techniques. The application of RVA to other pathogen genomes promises to ascribe biological function to otherwise uncharacterized virulence genes.
TESTS OF CRASH-RESISTANT FUEL SYSTEM FOR GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT (1978)

Abstract : A significant percentage of general aviation aircraft accidents result in postcrash fires due to the ignition of fuel spillage, often contributing injury or death to the aircraft occupants. Testing was performed to demonstrate the performance of light-weight, flexible, crash-resistant fuel cells combined with the use of frangible fuel line couplings. Included in these tests were four full-scale crash tests of a typical light twin aircraft. In three tests, the crash-resistant fuel system performed satisfactorily. The fourth and final test, where the lightest weight tanks were used, resulted in tank failures and demonstrated a possible lower strength limit to the tank material.
Zika virus enhances monocyte adhesion and transmigration favoring viral dissemination to neural cells (2019)

Zika virus (ZIKV) invades and persists in the central nervous system (CNS), causing severe neurological diseases. However the virus journey, from the bloodstream to tissues through a mature endothelium, remains unclear. Here, we show that ZIKV-infected monocytes represent suitable carriers for viral dissemination to the CNS using human primary monocytes, cerebral organoids derived from embryonic stem cells, organotypic mouse cerebellar slices, a xenotypic human-zebrafish model, and human fetus brain samples. We find that ZIKV-exposed monocytes exhibit higher expression of adhesion molecules, and higher abilities to attach onto the vessel wall and transmigrate across endothelia. This phenotype is associated to enhanced monocyte-mediated ZIKV dissemination to neural cells. Together, our data show that ZIKV manipulates the monocyte adhesive properties and enhances monocyte transmigration and viral dissemination to neural cells. Monocyte transmigration may represent an important mechanism required for viral tissue invasion and persistence that could be specifically targeted for therapeutic intervention.
The dynamics of early-state transcriptional changes and aggregate formation in a Huntington’s disease cell model (2017)

We demonstrate a time-resolved relationship between Htt aggregation and changes in the transcriptional profile. We identified two major gene clusters showing involvement of (i) mitochondrial dysfunction and (ii) developmental processes implying cellular homeostasis defects. We identified novel and known HD-linked transcription factors and show their interaction with known and predicted regulatory proteins. Our data provide a novel resource for hypothesis building on the role of transcriptional key regulators in early stages of HD and possibly other polyQ-dependent diseases.
Hydrogen bonds in liquid water are broken only fleetingly (2005)

Although it is widely accepted that the local structure of liquid water has tetrahedral arrangements of molecules ordered by hydrogen bonds, the mechanism by which water molecules switch hydrogen-bonded partners remains unclear. In this mechanism, the role of nonhydrogen-bonded configurations (NHBs) between adjacent molecules is of particular importance. A molecule may switch hydrogen-bonding partners either (i) through thermally activated breaking of a hydrogen bond that creates a dangling hydrogen bond before finding a new partner or (ii) by infrequent but rapid switching events in which the NHB is a transition state. Here, we report a combination of femtosecond 2D IR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability of NHB species in an isotopically dilute mixture of HOD in D2O. Measured 2D IR spectra reveal that hydrogen-bonded configurations and NHBs undergo qualitatively different relaxation dynamics, with NHBs returning to hydrogen-bonded frequencies on the time scale of water's fastest intermolecular motions. Simulations of an atomistic model for the OH vibrational spectroscopy of water yield qualitatively similar 2D IR spectra to those measured experimentally. Analysis of NHBs in simulations by quenching demonstrates that the vast majority of NHBs are in fact part of a hydrogen-bonded well of attraction and that virtually all molecules return to a hydrogen-bonding partner within 200 fs. The results from experiment and simulation demonstrate that NHBs are intrinsically unstable and that dangling hydrogen bonds are an insignificant species in liquid water.
A major positive regulatory region located far upstream of the human alpha-globin gene locus. (1990)

We have identified a remote, tissue-specific, positive regulatory element that is of major importance in determining the level of human alpha-globin gene expression. Stable transformants containing this DNA segment linked to the alpha gene in mouse erythroleukemia cells expressed human alpha mRNA at levels that are indistinguishable from those seen in interspecific hybrids containing the human alpha genes in their normal context on chromosome 16. Furthermore, all transgenic mice containing the alpha genes linked to this region expressed alpha-globin mRNA at high levels in erythroid tissues; and in one such mouse, readily detectable levels of human alpha-globin chains could be demonstrated in the peripheral blood. There is considerable similarity in the position, structure, and function of this region upstream of the alpha-globin complex with previously described elements within the beta-globin dominant control region (DCR). This is m marked contrast to other structural and functional differences between the two gene clusters. It seems likely that these critical, positive regulatory regions might provide target sequences through which coordinate regulation of the alpha- and beta-like globin genes is achieved.
Purification and characterisation of a metallopeptidase of Candida albicans (1995)

A novel aminopeptidase was purified by high performance liquid chromatography from a cytosoluble 100,000 g extract of Candida albicans on the basis of its ability to cleave L-arginine 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. The purification factor was 36 and the yield was 20%. The native enzyme had a mol. wt of 52 kDa as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE in the presence or absence of reducing conditions and exhibited an iso-electric point of 4.3. The aminopeptidase showed optimum activity at pH 7.2, a Michaelis constant of c. 50 microM and a Vmax at 19 mM AMC released/min/mg of protein for L-Arg-AMC. This enzyme was shown to cleave at low affinity L-leucine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as demonstrated by the spectrofluorimetric method. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by specific metallo-enzyme inhibitors-EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Furthermore, there is evidence that a similar or identical enzyme occurs in other C. albicans clinical isolates and other Candida spp.
Repair of Wood Piles Using Prefabricated Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Shells (2005)

An effective method for combined environmental protection and structural restoration of wood piles in waterfront facilities is not available. The objective of the study presented in this paper is to survey the available methods for wood pile protection and structural restoration with the intent of developing an effective method. In addition to reviewing the available repair methods, a field inspection of a harbor in Maine was conducted to assess existing technologies. A wood pile repair method that utilizes bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite shells and a grouting material is proposed. Fiber, resin, adhesive, coating, and grouting materials are systematically analyzed to deliver the required system performance. Two fabrication methods for the FRP composite shells are discussed based on the experience gained in the fabrication of laboratory prototypes. Then a step-by-step procedure amenable for field installation is proposed, and a preliminary cost analysis is conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed system.
Acidic fibroblast growth factor modulates gene expression in the rat thyroid in vivo (1992)

We have recently demonstrated that the iv administration of acidic fibroblast growth factor (a-FGF) to rats for 6 days results in a marked increase in thyroid weight with colloid accumulation and flat, quiescent follicular cells. Whereas a-FGF administration consistently increases thyroid weight, there are only minor alterations in serum TSH and thyroid hormones, and no change in intrathyroidal metabolism of 125I metabolism. In the present work, we studied the effects of 1 or 6 daily injections of a-FGF (60 micrograms/kg BW) or vehicle on the mRNA levels for histone, c-fos, actin, type I 5' deiodinase (5'D-I), thyroid peroxidase, and thyroglobulin and cathepsin D in the thyroid, liver and bone. Rats were sacrificed 0.5, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the 1st or the 6th a-FGF injection and thyroid, liver, and calvarium were removed. The relative amounts of mRNAs were determined by slot blot analysis. There was a 43% increase in thyroid weight in rats treated with a-FGF for 6 days compared to vehicle-treated rats. We observed an increase in c-fos mRNA content in the thyroid gland 0.5 to 4 h after 1 or 6 injections of a-FGF. In contrast, treatment with a-FGF for 1 or 6 days did not affect histone mRNA content, a marker of proliferative activity or actin mRNA levels. Treatment with a-FGF caused a marked decrease in thyroid 5' D-I mRNA content in the thyroid. The decrease was present 2 h after the first injection and reached a nadir 8 h later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance of poly(vinyl alcohol) thin-gel composite ultrafiltration membranes (1995)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels were spin coated onto regenerated cellulose membranes to form thin-gel composite ultrafiltration membranes. The membranes were investigated in ultrafiltration experiments with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to assess their resistance to fouling. The effects of hydrogel thickness and the degree of crosslinking on pure water flux and ultrafiltration flux were studied. As expected, flux was found to decrease with increasing hydrogel thickness. The thicker hydrogel coatings proved highly effective at preventing irreversible protein fouling as indicated by nearly 100% pure water flux recovery. For a given thickness, increasing the degree of crosslinking had no measurable effect on flux or the extent of fouling owing to a limiting polymer volume fraction under hydrostatic pressure.
Millimeter Wave Detection of Localized Anomalies in the Space Shuttle External Fuel Tank Insulating Foam and Acreage Heat Tiles (2006)

Undesired manufactured or in-service produced anomalies in the form of voids in the SOFI and unbonds in the heat tiles can significantly reduce their designed effectiveness. Additionally, unbonds in the heat tiles may cause their complete separation from the fuselage exposing it to extreme heat. Millimeter wave NDT methods are viable candidate for life-cycle inspection of the SOFI and the acreage heat tiles of the Space Shuttle fleet. The results of these investigations described in this paper clearly showed the utility of these methods for detecting localized anomalies in thick SOFI and acreage heat tiles. These methods are fast and robust and the systems used to produce these images are small, real-time and provide a significant amount of useful information about the nature of an anomaly (e.g., size, location, etc.) without the need for complex image processing. This investigation is currently ongoing and additional results will be provided in the final paper
Aluminum Oxide‐Titanium Oxide Solid Solution (1963)

An oxide of titanium, apparently Ti 2 O 3 , showed solid solubility in Al 2 O 3 of 1.0, 1.8, and 2.5 mole % at 1400°, 1600°, and 1700°C, respectively, when heated in hydrogen with a dew point of about ‐50°C. At the same temperatures in air, however, no indication of solid solubility (of TiO 2 , presumably) was found by X‐ray diffraction. It is concluded, therefore, that titania effects densification and grain growth of alumina by grain‐boundary action rather than by a defect mechanism in the corundum lattice resulting from the substitutional solution of Ti 4+ ions.
A Nonlocal Variational Model for Pansharpening Image Fusion (2014)

Pansharpening refers to the fusion process of inferring a high-resolution multispectral image from a high-resolution panchromatic image and a low-resolution multispectral one. In this paper we propose a new variational method for pansharpening which incorporates a nonlocal regularization term and two fidelity terms, one describing the relation between the panchromatic image and the high-resolution spectral channels and the other one preserving the colors from the low-resolution modality. The nonlocal term is based on the image self-similarity principle applied to the panchromatic image. The existence and uniqueness of minimizer for the described functional is proved in a suitable space of weighted integrable functions. Although quite successful in terms of relative error, state-of-the-art pansharpening methods introduce relevant color artifacts. These spectral distortions can be significantly reduced by involving the image self-similarity. Extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms are performed.
SURVIVAL OF CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM IN McCAREY‐KAUFMAN (M‐K) MEDIUM SUBJECTED TO AGITATION (1987)

Studies were made comparing the corneal endothelium of bisected human corneas; one half of each was mechanically agitated in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium, while the other half remained static in M-K medium for an equal period of time. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the corneal endothelium suggested that the endothelium of the corneas undergoing agitation does not show deterioration in morphology when compared with the non-agitated group. This finding is significant as donor corneas are now being transported in greater numbers.