gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding block-level address usage in the visible internet (2010)

Although the Internet is widely used today, we have little information about the edge of the network. Decentralized management, firewalls, and sensitivity to probing prevent easy answers and make measurement difficult. Building on frequent ICMP probing of 1% of the Internet address space, we develop clustering and analysis methods to estimate how Internet addresses are used. We show that adjacent addresses often have similar characteristics and are used for similar purposes (61% of addresses we probe are consistent blocks of 64 neighbours or more). We then apply this block-level clustering to provide data to explore several open questions in how networks are managed. First, we provide information about how effectively network address blocks appear to be used, finding that a significant number of blocks are only lightly used (most addresses in about one-fifth of 24 blocks are in use less than 10% of the time), an important issue as the IPv4 address space nears full allocation. Second, we provide new measurements about dynamically managed address space, showing nearly 40% of 24 blocks appear to be dynamically allocated, and dynamic addressing is most widely used in countries more recent to the Internet (more than 80% in China, while less than 30% in the U.S.). Third, we distinguish blocks with low-bitrate last-hops and show that such blocks are often underutilized.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Biaryl Coupling of 2-Naphthols and Substituted Phenols in Water (2005)

The oxidative coupling reaction can efficiently be promoted by supported ruthenium catalyst Ru(OH)x/Al2O3. A variety of 2-naphthols and substituted phenols can be converted to the corresponding biaryl compounds in moderate to excellent yields using molecular oxygen as a sole oxidant in water without any additives. The catalysis is truly heterogeneous in nature, and Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 can easily be recovered after the reaction. The catalyst can be recycled seven times with the maintenance of the catalytic performance, and the total turnover number reaches up to 160. The results of competitive coupling reactions suggest that the present oxidative biaryl coupling reaction proceeds via the homolytic coupling of two radical species and the Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 catalyst acts as an one-electron oxidant. Two radical species are coupled to give the corresponding biaryl product, and the one-electron reduced catalyst is reoxidized by molecular oxygen. The amounts of O(2) uptake and H(2)O formation were almost one-quarter and one-half the amount of substrate consumed, respectively, supporting the reaction mechanism. The kinetic data and kinetic isotope effect show that the reoxidation of the reduced catalyst is the rate-limiting step for the coupling reaction.
Results of Use of the Central One-Third of the Patellar Ligament to Compensate for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency (1980)

In a consecutive series of 91 patients with 92 injured knees in which the anterior cruciate ligament was irrevocably destroyed, 79 were males; 12 were females. After a 7-year interval one male patient had surgery on his other knee. Twenty-five of the knees demonstrated isolated injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, but the incidence of this lesion may be even greater than recorded here. The anterior cruciate ligament was repaired by a patella ligament reconstruction along with other surgical procedures when indicated. There is no acceptable alternative treatment for surgical repair, or substitution for an acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament in the young patient. In the acute or late injury, if the ligament cannot be repaired with sutures, a substitution procedure is indicated. In 92 knees, including 2 revisions, 9 patients were followed for too short a period to warrant evaluation. In 83 knees, the results were: 59 good; 18 fair; 6 poor. The following 5 surgical complications were encountered: 2 wound infections, 2 poorly placed bone plugs, and one ligament was pinched in the intercondylar notch. Until a more satisfactory technique for substitution for a destroyed anterior cruciate ligament is available, the patellar tendon repair procedure is bound to continue to be a useful as well as relatively simple operation.
Novel contamination restrained silicidation processing using load-lock LPCVD-films and lightly doped deep drain (LD/sup 3/) structure for deep submicron dual gate CMOS (2002)

A novel low leakage, low resistance and high temperature stability titanium salicide process named "Silicidation after ion Implantation through the Contamination-Restrained Oxygen free LPCVD-Nitride layer in a Lightly Doped diffusion layer (LD-SICRON)" has been developed. This novel LD-SICRON process has been successfully implemented in deep submicron dual gate CMOS development. Junction leakage current for TiSi/sub 2/-n/sup +//p and -p/sup +//n was reduced to the non-silicidation level (area component: 0.8/spl sim/3.6 nA/cm/sup 2/, peripheral component: 3.1/spl sim/3.6 pA/cm). Low sheet resistances of n/sup +/- and p/sup +/-gate electrodes (4 /spl Omega//square) were maintained below the 0.2 /spl mu/m line even after high temperature annealing (1000/spl deg/C, 10 sec+850/spl deg/C, 30 min.).
Comparison of Neutralization and Hemagglutination-Inhibition Techniques for Measuring Mumps Antibody (1967)

Mumps hemagglutinating antigen treated with Tween 80 and ether showed 2- to 4-fold enhancement of hemagglutinin titer. The hemagglutinating activity of the treated antigen was stable on freezing and on storage for at least 3 months at 4°C. Sera from children following vaccination with Jeryl Lynn strain live mumps virus vaccine or following natural mumps infection nearly always gave higher antibody titers when the tween-ether treated antigen was used in the HI test than when whole virus antigen was employed. The serum neutralization test, however, was more sensitive than the HI technique and was required to detect antibody in specimens with low level of antibody. Comparative titer values of sera obtained by the various test procedures are presented.
Point-based multiscale surface representation (2006)

In this article we present a new multiscale surface representation based on point samples. Given an unstructured point cloud as input, our method first computes a series of point-based surface approximations at successively higher levels of smoothness, that is, coarser scales of detail, using geometric low-pass filtering. These point clouds are then encoded relative to each other by expressing each level as a scalar displacement of its predecessor. Low-pass filtering and encoding are combined in an efficient multilevel projection operator using local weighted least squares fitting.Our representation is motivated by the need for higher-level editing semantics which allow surface modifications at different scales. The user would be able to edit the surface at different approximation levels to perform coarse-scale edits on the whole model as well as very localized modifications on the surface detail. Additionally, the multiscale representation provides a separation in geometric scale which can be understood as a spectral decomposition of the surface geometry. Based on this observation, advanced geometric filtering methods can be implemented that mimic the effects of Fourier filters to achieve effects such as smoothing, enhancement, or band-bass filtering.
Cloud-Assisted Distributed Control System Architecture for Platooning (2018)

This paper presents a functional architecture for controlling and managing platoons of vehicles assisted by a cloud computing platform for passenger vehicles in mixed traffic scenarios. The architecture modules are distributed in the three separate logical layers suggested by the on-going CARMA (Cloud-Assisted Real-time Methods for Autonomy) research project which aims to develop and test cooperative automated driving technologies and distributed control systems. The architecture also exploits the potential of the CARMA platform both in terms of computing and data sharing.
Bird Repellency, Laboratory Method for Evaluating Chemicals as Bird Repellents (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBird Repellency, Laboratory Method for Evaluating Chemicals as Bird RepellentsR. I. Starr, J. F. Besser, and R. B. BruntonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1964, 12, 4, 342–344Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60134a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60134a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biochemical analysis of germination mutants to characterize germinant receptors of Bacillus subtilis 1604 spores (1993)

Spores of Bacillus subtilis 1604 can be induced to germinate by incubation in L-Ala (the ALA pathway) or in a combination of beta-D-glucose (Glc), beta-fructose (Fru), L-Asn and K+ (the GFAK pathway). Biochemical analysis of the germination response of a gerA mutant deficient in the ALA pathway revealed that L-Ala can replace L-Asn in the GFAK pathway (the GFAlaK pathway). In contrast to the ALA pathway of both the wild-type and of a gerB mutant, the GFAlaK pathway was insensitive to D-Ala and showed the same overall inhibitor profile as the GFAK pathway of wild-type and gerA spores. It is deduced that a second L-Ala receptor with different characteristics to that functioning in the ALA pathway is present in wild-type spores. Analysis of the germination response of a gerB mutant showed that whilst the rate of ALA germination could be stimulated by Glc as well as by Fru in the presence of Glc, the spores could not germinate in GFAK. In addition, Glc and Fru were unable to reverse D-Ala inhibition of L-Ala germination which they do in the wild-type. Thus, in the gerB mutant, the L-Ala/L-Asn receptor in the GFAK pathway is defective. It is concluded that the germination receptors in the ALA and GFAK pathways can functionally interact with each other to initiate B. subtilis spore germination. This conclusion is discussed in relation to proposed models of triggering of spore germination.
Electrophysiological evidence for a hyperpolarizing, galanin (1-15)-selective receptor on hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons (1999)

The effects of the 29-amino acid neuropeptide galanin [GAL (1-29)], GAL(1-15), GAL(1-16), and the GAL subtype 2 receptor agonist D-tryptophan(2)-GAL(1-29) were studied in the dorsal hippocampus in vitro with intracellular recording techniques. GAL(1-15) induced, in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a dose-dependent hyperpolarization in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Most of the GAL(1-15)-sensitive neurons did not respond to GAL(1-29), GAL(1-16), or D-tryptophan(2)-GAL(1-29). These results indicate the presence of a distinct, yet-to-be cloned GAL(1-15)-selective receptor on CA3 neurons in the dorsal hippocampus.
Blood level, distribution, excretion, and metabolite pattern of [14C]-brotizolam in the rat, dog, and rhesus monkey. (1986)

Following oral and intravenous administration the absorption, distribution, metabolite pattern and excretion of 14C-labeled brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a]-1,4-diazepine, We 941, Lendormin), a new hypnotic, was studied in rats, dogs, and rhesus monkeys. Given orally to these species, [14C]-brotizolam was rapidly and extensively absorbed. The distribution of the radiolabeled drug was very fast indicated by blood level curves as well as by rat whole body autoradiography. [14C]-Brotizolam and its metabolites crossed the placenta; they also occurred in the milk of rats. In all species studied radioactivity was eliminated from blood with very similar half-lives ranging from 14.8 to 20.8 h. The renal portion of the total radioactivity elimination increased from 5.5% of the dose given to rats to 33.5% in rhesus monkeys and to 51.4% in dogs. Total excretion was complete 3 to 4 days after [14C]-brotizolam administration. Biliary excretion also occurred. In the species studied thin layer chromatographic separation of the biliarily and renally excreted radioactivity indicated a similar but not the same pattern of 2 to 3 major metabolites which were mostly totally conjugated. Unchanged [14C]-brotizolam was only excreted in minor quantities, if at all.
The Gibbs-Dalton Law of Partial Pressures (1930)

Various formulations of Dalton's law are investigated thermodynamically. The Gibbs formulation is shown equivalent to the statement: The concentration of a gas is the same at equilibrium on either side of a membrane permeable to it alone. The ordinary form of Dalton's law has only a limited equivalence with the Gibbs form. The Lewis and Randall rule of fugacity is shown in many ways analogous to the Gibbs-Dalton law. Application to experimental data shows that the Gibbs-Dalton law, like the Lewis and Randall rule, though possible for gases which do not follow Boyle's law, is only an approximation. In the cases examined, the errors are opposite in sign to those of the Lewis and Randall rule. An outline is given for the application of the Gibbs-Dalton law to the study of equilibrium in gases, and the useful field of application is indicated.
A protein-binding domain, EH, identified in the receptor tyrosine kinase substrate Eps15 and conserved in evolution. (1995)

In this report we structurally and functionally define a binding domain that is involved in protein association and that we have designated EH (for Eps15 homology domain). This domain was identified in the tyrosine kinase substrate Eps15 on the basis of regional conservation with several heterogeneous proteins of yeast and nematode. The EH domain spans about 70 amino acids and shows approximately 60% overall amino acid conservation. We demonstrated the ability of the EH domain to specifically bind cytosolic proteins in normal and malignant cells of mesenchymal, epithelial, and hematopoietic origin. These observations prompted our search for additional EH-containing proteins in mammalian cells. Using an EH domain-specific probe derived from the eps15 cDNA, we cloned and characterized a cDNA encoding an EH-containing protein with overall similarity to Eps15; we designated this protein Eps15r (for Eps15-related). Structural comparison of Eps15 and Eps15r defines a family of signal transducers possessing extensive networking abilities including EH-mediated binding and association with Src homology 3-containing proteins.
Laboratory, Theoretical, and Field Studies of Emulsified Acid Treatments in High-Temperature Carbonate Formations (2000)

Summary Emulsified acids were traditionally used in acid fracturing, and more recently on matrix treatments of carbonate formations. The delayed nature of emulsified acids is useful in generating longer etched fractures or deeper wormholes. Emulsified acids also have higher viscosities than straight acid, which reduces fluid loss in acid fracturing applications and helps distribute acid more uniformly in formations with high-permeability contrast during matrix treatments. A new emulsified acid system is presented in this paper that is stable up to 350°F, highly retarded, and significantly more viscous than straight acid. Laboratory data comparing emulsified acid with straight acid are presented at temperatures ranging up to 350°F, including rheology and acid conductivity. Field case histories in the Smackover formation in Alabama over two years are presented. The field case histories show the improvements in production of oil and gas resulting from emulsified acid fracturing treatments in comparison with prior similar treatments done with straight acid.
A continuous-time delta-sigma ADC with integrated digital background calibration (2016)

This work presents a digital calibration technique in continuous-time (CT) delta-sigma ( $$\Delta \Sigma$$ ) analog to digital converter. The converter is clocked at 144 MHz with a low oversampling ratio (OSR) of only 8. Dynamic element matching is not efficient to linearize the digital to analog converter (DAC) when the OSR is very low. Therefore, non-idealities in the outermost multi-bit feedback DAC are measured and then removed in the background by a digital circuit. A third-order, four-bit feedback, single-loop CT $$\Delta \Sigma$$ converter with digital background calibration circuit has been designed, simulated and implemented in 65 nm CMOS process. The maximum simulated signal-to-noise and distortion ratio is 67.1 dB within 9 MHz bandwidth.
Strain mapping technique for performance improvement of strained MOSFETs with scanning transmission electron microscopy (2008)

A new approach of strain mapping is proposed with scanning transmission electron microscopy and applied to strained MOSFETs for the first time. This technique is extended to quantitative measurement with sub-nano meter spatial resolution combining with nano-beam diffraction. As a result, two-dimensional strain mapping with sub-nano meter spatial resolution is obtained and actual strain at inversion layer was determined using experimental methods without simulation. This technique will become a powerful means of improving the performance and optimizing stress design for strained MOSFETs of 45 nm node and beyond.
Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Fusion Method (2017)

Speech emotion signals are the quickest and most neutral method in individuals’ relationships, leading researchers to develop speech emotion signal as a quick and efficient technique to communicate between man and machine. This paper introduces a new classification method using multi-constraints partitioning approach on emotional speech signals. To classify the rate of speech emotion signals, the features vectors are extracted using Mel frequency Cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) and auto correlation function coefficient (ACFC) and a combination of these two models. This study found the way that features’ number and fusion method can impress in the rate of emotional speech recognition. The proposed model has been compared with MLP model of recognition. Results revealed that the proposed algorithm has a powerful capability to identify and explore human emotion.
Recent progress in the preparation, characterization, and applications of nanofibers and nanofiber membranes via electrospinning/interfacial polymerization (2009)

Abstract Significant progress has been made recently in the fabrication of polymeric nanofibers, their characterization and applications, new polymeric materials, theoretical analysis, and so forth. Hence, in this brief review, we report the progress made in these subjects during the last 5 years. Most of the work concerns nanofibers related to the field of medicine. On the other hand, negligibly few reports have been found on nanofibers related to membrane separation processes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Barycentric coordinates for arbitrary polygons in the plane (2005)

Barycentric coordinates for triangles are commonly used in computer graphics, geometric modelling, and other computational sciences for various purposes. In this paper, we extend this well-known concept and propose a generalization to sets of arbitrary polygons in the plane. Besides many other important properties, our coordinate functions are local and smooth and allow an efficient and robust im-plementation. These coordinates are particularly useful for interpolating data that is given at the vertices of the polygons and we present several examples of their application to common problems in computer graphics and geometric modelling. 1
Aluminum nano interconnects (2004)

The physical and technological limitations for aluminium interconnect technology in the deep sub-100 nm regime are investigated. Using a wet chemical process for hard mask trimming the fabrication of nano Al interconnects has been demonstrated. Based on first electrical measurements the electrical size effect of Al interconnects with critical dimensions far below 100 nm as well as the impact of side wall roughness are discussed.
Role of Conserved Glycine in Zinc-dependent Medium Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Superfamily (2012)

The medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily consists of a large group of enzymes with a broad range of activities. Members of this superfamily are currently the subject of intensive investigation, but many aspects, including the zinc dependence of MDR superfamily proteins, have not yet have been adequately investigated. Using a density functional theory-based screening strategy, we have identified a strictly conserved glycine residue (Gly) in the zinc-dependent MDR superfamily. To elucidate the role of this conserved Gly in MDR, we carried out a comprehensive structural, functional, and computational analysis of four MDR enzymes through a series of studies including site-directed mutagenesis, isothermal titration calorimetry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), quantum mechanics, and molecular mechanics analysis. Gly substitution by other amino acids posed a significant threat to the metal binding affinity and activity of MDR superfamily enzymes. Mutagenesis at the conserved Gly resulted in alterations in the coordination of the catalytic zinc ion, with concomitant changes in metal-ligand bond length, bond angle, and the affinity (K(d)) toward the zinc ion. The Gly mutants also showed different spectroscopic properties in EPR compared with those of the wild type, indicating that the binding geometries of the zinc to the zinc binding ligands were changed by the mutation. The present results demonstrate that the conserved Gly in the GHE motif plays a role in maintaining the metal binding affinity and the electronic state of the catalytic zinc ion during catalysis of the MDR superfamily enzymes.