gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism of the Thermal Retrocycloaddition of Pyrrolidinofullerenes (Retro‐Prato Reaction) (2008)

Abstract In contrast to N ‐methyl or N‐unsubstituted pyrrolidinofullerenes, which efficiently undergo the retrocycloaddition reaction to quantitatively afford pristine fullerene, N ‐benzoyl derivatives do not give this reaction under the same experimental conditions. To unravel the mechanism of the retrocycloaddition process, trapping experiments of the in‐situ thermally generated azomethine ylides, with an efficient dipolarophile were conducted. These experiments afforded the respective cycloadducts as an endo / exo isomeric mixture. Theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level and by using the two‐layered ONIOM (our own n ‐layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics) approach underpin the experimental findings and predict that the presence of the dienophile is not a basic requirement for the azomethine ylide to be able to leave the fullerene surface under thermal conditions. Once the 1,3‐dipole is generated in the reaction medium, it is efficiently trapped by the dipolarophile (maleic anhydride or N ‐phenylmaleimide). However, for N‐unsubstituted pyrrolidinofullerenes, the participation of the dipolarophile in assisting the 1,3‐dipole to leave the fullerene surface throughout the whole reaction pathway is also a plausible mechanism that cannot be ruled out.
Determination of Total Avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-Avermectin B1 Residues in Wine by Liquid Chromatography (1996)

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for determination of avermectin Bi and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 residues in wine. The sample is extracted with hexane-acetonitrile and the hexane layer containing the avermectins is concentrated/ purified on an aminopropyl solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The purified extract is derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and the derivatized avermectins are analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of avermectins from wine fortified with approximately 1-25 ng/g avermectin B1a or 8,9-Zavermectin B1a averaged 88 and 102%, respectively. The limit of quantitation is 1 ng/g (signal-to-noise ratio [S/N] &gt; 10) and the limit of detection is 0.5 ng/g (S/N &gt; 3) for each analyte. This procedure provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for monitoring the total amount of avermectin residues in wine.
Conservation of Ribosomal and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons in <i>Bacillus</i> Species (1965)

Doi, Roy H. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), and Richard T. Igarashi. Conservation of ribosomal and messenger ribonucleic acid cistrons in Bacillus species. J. Bacteriol. 90:384-390. 1965.-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) fractions from various Bacillus species were tested for interspecies DNA-RNA hybrid formation. DNA preparations from B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. stearothermophilus, and B. macerans, whose base composition varied from 33 to 50% guanylate + cytidylate content, were used in the hybrid annealing mixtures with pulse-labeled RNA from sporulating cells and from log-phase cells of B. subtilis and B. cereus. Efficient hybridization in these cases was obtained only in homologous annealing situations. When heterologous DNA and RNA preparations were tested for hybrid formation, only 1 to 6% of the homologous hybridization was obtained. Although the efficiency of hybrid formation was low, the results were reproducible. No difference in efficiency of hybrid formation was observed between the messenger RNA from sporulating cells and that from log-phase cells. When B. subtilis ribosomal RNA was placed in annealing mixtures with heterologous DNA, 47.5 to 62.9% of the homologous hybridization was obtained. These results suggest that a small number of identical sequences are present among the Bacillus species. Furthermore, the ribosomal RNA cistrons appear to be more highly conserved relative to other genetic sequences.
Multifunctional amphiphilic carbonaceous microcapsules catalyze water/oil biphasic reactions (2011)

Multifunctional amphiphilic hollow carbonaceous spheres assembled into Pickering emulsions exhibit reversible pH-dependent phase-transfer behavior and can efficiently catalyze water/oil biphasic reactions, facilitating the recycling of the catalysts and separation of the products.
The Consistency of Manufacturing Standards (1995)

The significance of establishing certain standards for the development of different products is discussed. The advantages of setting up an appropriate management system are also analyzed.
Prospects for respiratory gene therapy. (1997)

Over the last 5 years a number of articles have been published on gene therapy for a range of diseases. The initial tone of a number of these articles evoked high expectations, particularly from the public. Over the last 2-3 years data from these studies have begun to filter through and, perhaps not surprisingly, initial problems have been encountered, resulting in a recent spate of bad press for gene therapy. This article aims to examine where the prospects for respiratory gene therapy lie in the face of these mixed reactions.
High-average-power KTiOAsO_4 optical parametric oscillator (1998)

Using noncritically phase-matched 1-cm(2) -aperture KTiOAsO(4) (KTA) crystals in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), we have demonstrated a sustained average signal power of 33 W at 1534.7 nm. To our knowledge, this is the highest-average-power signal ever generated by an OPO. The pump source was a 100-Hz Q -switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. Compared with that of the similar and more-common material KTiOPO>(4) , idler absorption in KTA is negligible, allowing high-power operation with minimal thermally induced refractive distortion in the OPO crystal.
Adam’s Engendering: Augustine on Gender and Creation (1998)

In Confessions 13, Augustine discusses the right interpretation of the creation narrative in Genesis. His exegesis is allegorical, relating spiritual truth to its expression in the physical world. This physical expression was needed because Adam fell: All things are beautiful because you make them, and you who made all things are inexpressibly more beautiful. If Adam had not fallen from you, there would not have come forth from his womb [utero eius] that salt sea-water the human race, profoundly curious, stormily swelling, unstable and in flux, and so there would have been no need for your agents, in many waters, to perform mystic actions and sayings in the corporeal and perceptible mode.
LOCALIZED SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE (LSPR) OPTOFLUIDIC BIOSENSOR FOR LABEL-FREE CELLULAR IMMUNOPHENOTYPING (2013)

We developed an optofluidic biosensor by integrating a microfluidic device into a Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) detection system to quantitatively analyze a cell-secreted cytokine, TNF-alpha. The device was designed for on-chip trapping and incubation of immune cells and subsequent detection of cytokines by a gold nanoparticle-based LSPR sensor. During the 2 hour incubation of 50,000 THP-1 cells in the microfluidic device, we observed a shift of 0.2877nm in the LSPR surface absorbance spectrum peak, which corresponds to a TNF-alpha concentration of 327ng/mL. This device enables LSPR technique for cell-secreted cytokine assay detection by scaling down the cell secretion volume.
Knowledge-based retrieval of office documents (1989)

Document classification and retrieval systems for office applications require knowledge management to describe the semantics of documents related to procedural and domain dependent aspects of the office work to be described: operational dependencies, documents relationships and references to regulations and laws are concepts which are not explicitly stated in the text. This paper presents a semantic model for office documents classification and retrieval based on knowledge representation of the office procedural environment and of the application domain. Navigation along knowledge networks for document retrieval and browsing is described.
DPCCH Gating Gain for Voice Over IP on HSUPA (2007)

In this paper, the concept of DPCCH (dedicated physical control channel) gating for HSUPA (high speed uplink packet access) is analyzed. DPCCH gating technique has been recently under consideration within WCDMA to inactivate control channels during no data transmission periods, and hence, not to misuse capacity. In order to study the concept benefit, a concrete real-time service is selected in this paper: Voice over IP (VoIP) for mobile communications. It will be shown that VoIP would be highly beneficed by DPCCH gating inclusion in 3GPP specifications. Both analytical and simulation studies were run to confirm the gain expectations.
Personal Identification System based on Multiple Palmprint Features (2006)

This paper presents a palmprint recognition system with palmprint images collected by a high-resolution color scanner. The scanned RGB image of the palmprint is pre-processed and the region of interest (ROI) of the palm is determined by the finger gap locations. Three sets of features extracted from the ROI image by the 2D Gabor filter using the palmprint phase orientation code (PPOC) represent texture information of the palm in the form of a real component, an imaginary component and an orientation component, respectively. The recognition is performed by applying the enhanced linear discriminant analysis (EDLDA) coupled with the nearest neighbor classifier on these three feature sets, respectively, and the decisions are combined via the majority voting scheme to yield the ultimate recognition. Experiments on our collected palmprint image database show promising recognition rate of 99.6% with a low False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of 0.02%
Acetylcholine Receptor Structure (2003)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are acetylcholine-gated cation channels. They play a critical postsynaptic role in transmission between motor nerves and skeletal muscles and in autonomic ganglia (1,2). In the central nervous system, they also act presynaptically and extrasynaptically to modulate transmission by facilitating the release of many transmitters (3,4). In the skin (5), bronchial and vascular epithelia (6,7), and other nonneuronal tissues (8), they also mediate intercellular communication.
Green emission from B2N2CO thin films doped with Tb (2002)

Visible light emission has been obtained at room temperature by photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) from Tb-doped B2N2CO thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The films were deposited by sputtering TbBn (n=4, 6, 12, 25, and 50) targets in an atmosphere of Ar and N2 gas mixture. The films are uniformly composed of very small particles with particle size of about 20–40 nm, which consist of turbostratic BN phase and amorphous phase. The characteristic PL peaks are observed in the spectral range from 300 to 800 nm, and correspond to the two groups of transitions of Tb3+ ions: D35→7FJ (J=6, 5, 3) and D45→7FJ (J=6, 5, 4, 3). The strongest PL peak at ∼547.2 nm is about four times greater than the other signals in the investigated range, indicating that the films have strong green light emission. CL intensity is very weakly dependent on the temperature.
An IEEE 802.11p/WAVE implementation with synchronous channel switching for seamless dual-channel access (poster) (2011)

The emerging interest in vehicular networks (VANET) led to the deployment of several small and medium-scale testbeds to evaluate the characteristics of this technology in real-world scenarios. Despite this, due to the low availability and high cost of IEEE 802.11p/WAVE fully compliant hardware and software, many of these experiments have been performed with other communication standards, which generate, in many cases, misleading results, that are not representative of real-world vehicular communications. As a mean of solving this problem, this paper presents the implementation and validation of a fully compliant MAC/PHY solution developed in the scope of the DRIVE-IN project, which will be used in a 500-node testbed. Contrarily to what happens with most of the solutions existent in the market, our system complies with the strict channel switching timings using GPS time synchronization, providing access to two different types of wireless channels (e.g. control and service channels as defined in IEEE 1609.4) in a seamless way for the end user. This feature allows safety-critical and control messages to be sent in a dedicated channel, with very low latency, while another channel may be used for less critical services (e.g. infotainment applications, advertisement). The results of the conducted tests show that indeed it is possible to assure the support of critical safety services in the presence of other traffic.
Detection and Enumeration of Aromatic Oxygenase Genes by Multiplex and Real-Time PCR (2003)

Our abilities to detect and enumerate pollutant-biodegrading microorganisms in the environment are rapidly advancing with the development of molecular genetic techniques. Techniques based on multiplex and real-time PCR amplification of aromatic oxygenase genes were developed to detect and quantify aromatic catabolic pathways, respectively. PCR primer sets were identified for the large subunits of aromatic oxygenases from alignments of known gene sequences and tested with genetically well-characterized strains. In all, primer sets which allowed amplification of naphthalene dioxygenase, biphenyl dioxygenase, toluene dioxygenase, xylene monooxygenase, phenol monooxygenase, and ring-hydroxylating toluene monooxygenase genes were identified. For each primer set, the length of the observed amplification product matched the length predicted from published sequences, and specificity was confirmed by hybridization. Primer sets were grouped according to the annealing temperature for multiplex PCR permitting simultaneous detection of various genotypes responsible for aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. Real-time PCR using SYBR green I was employed with the individual primer sets to determine the gene copy number. Optimum polymerization temperatures for real-time PCR were determined on the basis of the observed melting temperatures of the desired products. When a polymerization temperature of 4 to 5 degrees C below the melting temperature was used, background fluorescence signals were greatly reduced, allowing detection limits of 2 x 10(2) copies per reaction mixture. Improved in situ microbial characterization will provide more accurate assessment of pollutant biodegradation, enhance studies of the ecology of contaminated sites, and facilitate assessment of the impact of remediation technologies on indigenous microbial populations.
[Results of cüppers "fadenoperation" (author's transl)]. (1978)

The so called "Fadenoperation" Cüppers was performed in 233 patients = 40% of the cases who had been treated by muscle surgery at the University Eye Clinic Hamburg in 1975. The results in the different indication groups are presented. The most frequent indications are: Increased objective squint angle during near fixation, incomitant binocular movements in the horizontal plane, unstabile objective angles, nystagmus compensation (block-) syndrome, variation of Kestenbaum's nystagmusoperation. The result in 2/3 of the cases was satisfying, further surgery being not necessary.
Effects of insulator surface roughness on Al-alloy film properties and electromigration performance in Al-alloy/Ti insulator layered interconnects (1996)

Effects of insulator surface roughness on the overlying aluminum alloy film properties and electromigration performance in Al alloy/Ti insulator layered interconnects have been investigated. Insulator surface roughness changes the roughness and crystallographic orientation of Al/Ti layered films formed on the insulator. In particular, the effect is prominent in the case of high-temperature sputtering of Al alloy films. A rough insulator surface deteriorates the roughness and crystallographic orientation of the Al alloy film formed on the insulator, while a smooth insulator surface improves those properties. The insulator surface roughness does not change the roughness and crystallographic orientation of the Al alloy film without a Ti underlayer. Ti roughness and crystallographic orientation are improved on a very smooth surface insulator resulting in improvement in the roughness and crystallographic orientation of the Al alloy film formed on the Ti layer. As a result, the electromigration performance in Al/Ti layered interconnects changes according to the underlayer insulator surface roughness.
Detection of<i>EGFR</i>Gene Mutation in Lung Cancer by Mutant-Enriched Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (2006)

Our results indicate that EGFR mutations are readily detectable by mutant-enriched PCR in various clinical samples. Thus, mutant-enriched PCR may provide a valuable method of potentially detecting a small fraction of mutant genes in heterogeneous specimens, indicating its possible use in clinical application for NSCLC.
Binary image synthesis using mixed linear integer programming (1995)

Images that are to be transmitted through a distorting imaging system may be deliberately altered to compensate for that distortion. The authors consider an incoherent diffraction-limited imaging system followed by an ideal high-contrast detector that prints binary images, and seek a binary input image (a mask) that generates a desired prescribed binary output image. They have developed a method for determining the optimal binary mask by formulating the problem as a mixed linear integer program (MLIP) and using the branch and bound method to solve it.
Effects of doping in polymer light-emitting diodes (1995)

We observed a dramatic improvement in the performance of polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) upon light doping of the organic layer. The LEDs betrayed symmetrical electrical and light-emission characteristics. Their turn-on voltage is lower and their external quantum and power conversion efficiencies are higher by nearly an order of magnitude when compared with devices that utilized a nominally undoped organic layer. We attributed these results to the modification of the tunneling barrier in metal–polymer–metal junctions due to the presence of an induced polarization electric field associated with the ionized dopant counterions and charged polymer chains.
Interactive 3D building modeling using a hierarchical representation (2003)

Modeling and visualization of city scenes is important for many applications including entertainment and urban mission planning. Models covering wide areas can be efficiently constructed from aerial images. However, only roof details are visible from aerial views and ground views are needed to provide details of the building facades for high quality fly-through visualization or simulation applications. Different data sources provide different levels of necessary detail knowledge. We need a method that integrates the various levels of data. We propose a hierarchical representation of 3D building models for urban areas that integrates different data sources including aerial and ground view images. Each data source gives us different details and each level of the model has its own application as well. Through the hierarchical representation of 3D building models, large area site modeling can be done efficiently and cost-effectively. This proposal suggests efficient approaches for acquiring each level model and demonstrates some results of each level including the integration results.
Synthesis and biological activity of acyclic analogs of 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (1992)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of analogues of N-[4-[4-(2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-5-pyrimidyl) butyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (2) (7-DM-DDATHF), an acyclic modification of the novel folate antimetabolite 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid (DDATHF), are described. The synthetic procedure utilized previously for the synthesis of 2, 15, and 16 was extended to the preparation of analogues modified in the benzoyl region with thiophene and methylene groups replacing the benzene ring (compounds 27a-c) and in the glutamate region with aspartic acid and phenylalanine replacing L-glutamic acid (compounds 36, 37). The 2-amino-4,6-dioxo derivative 33 was obtained from intermediate 30 via a palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling reaction with diethyl (4-iodobenzoyl)-L-glutamate, followed by reduction and removal of protecting groups with base. Cell culture cytotoxicity studies of all of the above acyclic analogues of DDATHF against CCRF-CEM human lymphoblastic leukemic cells gave IC50s ranging from 0.042 greater than 48 microM. Inhibition and cell culture reversal studies against isolated enzymes suggest the mode of action of these compounds. Compound 2 was only 3-fold less inhibitory toward glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT, isolated from L1210 leukemic cells) than DDATHF itself. These acyclic analogues were less efficient substrates for the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) compared with their bicyclic counterparts. Moderate antitumor activity was observed for compound 2 against 6C3HED lymphosarcoma and C3H mammary adenocarcinoma in vivo.
HsaI: a restriction enzyme from human being. (1986)

The HsaI restriction enzyme from the embryos of human, Homo sapiens, has been isolated with both the tissue extract and nuclear extract. It proves to be an unusual enzyme, clearly related functionally to Type II endonuclease. HsaI seems to be an isoschizomer of EcoRI, but it has a distinctive property of elution, differing from EcoRI. Upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme preparation showed Coomassie blue staining bands, having the molecular weight of 65,000 and 22,000 daltons in size, respectively.