gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of electronic tandem service (ETS) features for the dimension PBX (2005)

This paper describes the software development process used in generating Electronic Tandem Service (ETS) features for the DIMENSION 2000 PBX. ETS provides the corporate customer with a uniform numbering plan for all locations (unique 7 digit number for each station on the network), network cost control features (routing, queuing, and authorization privileges), and methods for admin istering and controlling network performance. The paper is organized into four sections. Section 2 describes the DIMENSION 2000 PBX design structure and software development environment. Section 3 covers the methods used for requirements, design, testing, personnel organization, and tracking. Lastly, Section 4 discusses the results in terms of trouble rates and productivity figures.
New sensing technique for detecting application layer DDoS attacks targeting back-end database resources (2017)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks targeting the application layer are becoming more prevalent due to a lack of suitable defence solutions. Existing research treats the web server environment as a black box, by only monitoring the edge network traffic; however, we believe that this approach limits the accuracy of the detection system as it does not protect the back-end database servers. In this paper we propose a new sensor located within the back-end system, which can produce additional database features. This allows for real-time insight into the actual database workload caused by each user enabling the detection of DDoS attacks targeting high database consumption resources. These resource metrics are analysed in real-time on a live website, using a decision tree classification engine. Our preliminary results show that a low rate asymmetric attack as low as 1 request every 10 seconds can be detected using these proposed features.
Training Deep Neural Network in Limited Precision (2018)

Energy and resource efficient training of DNNs will greatly extend the applications of deep learning. However, there are three major obstacles which mandate accurate calculation in high precision. In this paper, we tackle two of them related to the loss of gradients during parameter update and backpropagation through a softmax nonlinearity layer in low precision training. We implemented SGD with Kahan summation by employing an additional parameter to virtually extend the bit-width of the parameters for a reliable parameter update. We also proposed a simple guideline to help select the appropriate bit-width for the last FC layer followed by a softmax nonlinearity layer. It determines the lower bound of the required bit-width based on the class size of the dataset. Extensive experiments on various network architectures and benchmarks verifies the effectiveness of the proposed technique for low precision training.
Increasing Avermectin Production in Streptomyces avermitilis by Manipulating the Expression of a Novel TetR-Family Regulator and Its Target Gene Product (2015)

Avermectins produced by Streptomyces avermitilis are commercially important anthelmintic agents. The detailed regulatory mechanisms of avermectin biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, we identified SAV3619, a TetR-family transcriptional regulator designated AveT, to be an activator for both avermectin production and morphological differentiation in S. avermitilis. AveT was shown to indirectly stimulate avermectin production by affecting transcription of the cluster-situated activator gene aveR. AveT directly repressed transcription of its own gene (aveT), adjacent gene pepD2 (sav_3620), sav_7490 (designated aveM), and sav_7491 by binding to an 18-bp perfect palindromic sequence (CGAAACGKTKYCGTTTCG, where K is T or G and Y is T or C and where the underlining indicates inverted repeats) within their promoter regions. aveM (which encodes a putative transmembrane efflux protein belonging to the major facilitator superfamily [MFS]), the important target gene of AveT, had a striking negative effect on avermectin production and morphological differentiation. Overexpression of aveT and deletion of aveM in wild-type and industrial strains of S. avermitilis led to clear increases in the levels of avermectin production. In vitro gel-shift assays suggested that C-5-O-B1, the late pathway precursor of avermectin B1, acts as an AveT ligand. Taken together, our findings indicate positive-feedback regulation of aveT expression and avermectin production by a late pathway intermediate and provide the basis for an efficient strategy to increase avermectin production in S. avermitilis by manipulation of AveT and its target gene product, AveM.
Design of Multivalent Galactoside Ligands and Their Binding to Hepatic Asialoglycoprotein Receptor (2006)

In an effort to find highly efficient ligands for hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), four cluster galactosides with different scaffolds were synthesized in this paper. The affinity of these compounds for ASGPR was analyzed by binding study in vitro. The results showed that trivalent cluster galactosides behaved better than divalent analogues and the cluster galactosides with aryl groups on their scaffolds presented better binding affinity than those with aliphatic chain scaffolds.
[Use of collagen films for bridging defects in sliding tissue during achillotenotomy and Achilles tendon ruptures]. (1985)

After Achillean tendon rupture defects of the gliding tissue can often be observed. To prevent fixation of the tendon by scar tissue formations we recommend the use of collagen films in the defective area to isolate the tendon surface.
Generation of ultra-intense single-cycle laser pulses by using photon deceleration (2001)

A scheme to generate single-cycle laser pulses is presented based on photon deceleration in underdense plasmas. This robust and tunable process is ideally suited for lasers above critical power because it takes advantage of the relativistic self-focusing of these lasers and the nonlinear features of the plasma wake. The mechanism is demonstrated by particle-in-cell simulations in three and 2(1/2) dimensions, resulting in pulse shortening up to a factor of 4, thus making it feasible to generate few-femtosecond single-cycle pulses in the optical to IR domain with intensities I > 10(20) W/cm(2) by using present-day laser technology.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Communication in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Asthma (2004)

Although Th-2-mediated inflammation is a key therapeutic target in asthma, its relationship to altered structure and functions of the airways is largely unknown. In addition to inflammation, asthma is a disorder involving the airway epithelium that is more vulnerable to environmental injury and responds to this by impaired healing. This establishes a chronic wound scenario that is capable of sustaining chronic inflammation as well as remodeling. This response occurs as a consequence of activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal unit, involving reciprocal activities of growth factors belonging to the fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta families. The observation that structural changes in the airways in children at or before the onset of asthma occurs irrespective of inflammation might suggest that premodeling is required before Th-2 inflammatory responses can be sustained. Once established, altered function of constitutive airway cells, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle, nerves, and the epithelium, provides an abnormal microenvironment in which to generate a separate set of signals that underpin the acute/subacute inflammation characteristic of asthma exacerbations, triggered by viruses, pollutants, and allergens.
Adjacent-relation-based map zooming method (2010)

Map zooming is one of the most important operations in map reading process, especially to small displays or mobile information devices used in Location-Based Services (LBS) field. But existing map zooming methods, i.e. static linear zooming, static stepped zooming and dynamic zooming, mainly depend on metric relation, which ignore the effects of uneven spatial objects distribution to zooming operation. It leads redundant zooming and panning operation, and makes it difficult to read map in mobile information devices. This paper proposes a k.5-order adjacent relation model based on Voronoi diagrams and uses it to control the change of map information in the zooming operation. The main steps to realize adjacent-relation-based zooming include: classifying information, selecting generators, calculating and prestoring adjacent relations, calculating user's adjacent relation, Zooming-out or zooming-in based on user's adjacent relation. An experiment has been done and shows the method is feasible and efficient to improve existing zooming operation. The method also can be extended to desktop map zooming operation.
Suppression of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation in split-root systems of alfalfa after pre-inoculation and treatment with Nod factors (2003)

Roots of legumes establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nodule-inducing rhizobia. The existing nodules systemically suppress subsequent nodule formation in other parts of the root, a phenomenon termed autoregulation. Similarly, mycorrhizal roots reduce further AMF colonization on other parts of the root system. In this work, split- root systems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were used to study the autoregulation of symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti and the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. It is shown that nodulation systemically influences AMF root colonization and vice versa. Nodules on one half of the split-root system suppressed subsequent AMF colonization on the other half. Conversely, root systems pre-colonized on one side by AMF exhibited reduced nodule formation on the other side. An inhibition effect was also observed with Nod factors (lipo-chito-oligosaccharides). NodSm-IV(C16:2, S) purified from S. meliloti systemically suppressed both nodule formation and AMF colonization. The application of Nod factors, however, did not influence the allocation of (14)C within the split-root system, excluding competition for carbohydrates as the regulatory mechanism. These results indicate a systemic regulatory mechanism in the rhizobial and the arbuscular mycorrhizal association, which is similar in both symbioses.
Nucleotide sequence of the mouse interferon-β gene (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the mouse interferon-β gene Get access Tetsuro Kuga, Tetsuro Kuga Department of Biochemistry. Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchToshima-ku. Tokyo 170, Japan + Present addresses: Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd, Houfu-shi, Yamaguchi 747, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takashi Fujita, Takashi Fujita Department of Biochemistry. Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchToshima-ku. Tokyo 170, Japan § Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tadatsugu Taniguchi Tadatsugu Taniguchi * Department of Biochemistry. Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchToshima-ku. Tokyo 170, Japan § Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565, Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 8, 25 April 1989, Page 3291, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.8.3291 Published: 25 April 1989 Article history Received: 17 March 1989 Published: 25 April 1989
The developmental program of human dendritic cells is operated independently of conventional myeloid and lymphoid pathways (2007)

Two distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets, conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have been shown to develop via either the myeloid or the lymphoid pathway in murine hematopoiesis. Lineage-specific phenotypes or functions of "myeloid" and "lymphoid" DCs, however, still remain elusive. Furthermore, such analysis has been particularly difficult in humans, due to lack of an assay system appropriate for the analysis of human stem and progenitor cell differentiation. Here, using a highly efficient xenotransplantation model, we extensively analyze the origin and the molecular signature of human DCs. Purified human common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) were intravenously transplanted into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-scid)/IL2rgamma(null) newborn mice. CMPs and CLPs displayed significant expansion in the xenogeneic host, and human cDC and pDC progeny were isolatable. Strikingly, each human DC subset possessed indistinguishable expression patterns of surface phenotype and gene transcripts regardless of their CMP or CLP origin, even at the genome-wide level. Thus, cDC and pDC normally develop after cells have committed to the myeloid or the lymphoid lineage in human hematopoiesis, while their transcriptional signatures are well preserved irrespective of their lineage origin. We propose that human DCs use unique and flexible developmental programs that cannot be categorized into the conventional myeloid or lymphoid pathway.
Cyclic voltammetry of biofilms of wild type and mutant Geobacter sulfurreducens on fuel cell anodes indicates possible roles of OmcB, OmcZ, type IV pili, and protons in extracellular electron transfer (2009)

Geobacteracea are distinct for their ability to reduce insoluble oxidants including minerals and electrodes without apparent reliance on soluble extracellular electron transfer (ET) mediators. This property makes them important anode catalysts in new generation microbial fuel cells (MFCs) because it obviates the need to replenish ET mediators otherwise necessary to sustain power. Here we report cyclic voltammetry (CV) of biofilms of wild type (WT) and mutant G. sulfurreducens strains grown on graphite cloth anodes acting as electron acceptors with acetate as the electron donor. Our analysis indicates that WT biofilms contain a conductive network of bound ET mediators in which OmcZ (outer membranec-type cytochrome Z) participates in homogeneous ET (through the biofilm bulk) while OmcB mediates heterogeneous ET (across the biofilm/electrode interface); that type IV pili are important in both reactions; that OmcS plays a secondary role in homogenous ET; that OmcE, important in Fe(III) oxide reduction, is not involved in either reaction; that catalytic current is limited overall by the rate of microbial uptake of acetate; that protons generated from acetate oxidation act as charge compensating ions in homogenous ET; and that homogenous ET, when accelerated by fast voltammetric scan rates, is limited by diffusion of protons within the biofilm. These results provide the first direct electrochemical evidence substantiating utilization of bound ET mediators by Geobacter biofilms and the distinct roles of OmcB and OmcZ in the extracellular ET properties of anode-reducing G. sulfurreducens.
Thermal design of the Galileo spun and despun science (1991)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Constituents of Withania somnifera Dun. Part VIII. A new steroidal lactone, 27-deoxy-14-hydroxy-withaferin A (1966)

E. Glotter, R. Waitman and D. Lavie, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1966, 1765 DOI: 10.1039/J39660001765
Normal phenotype in two brothers with a full FMR1 mutation (1995)

The fragile X syndrome is associated with an expanding CGG repeat in the 5' untranslated region of the first exon of the FMR1 gene. Subsequent methylation of the promoter region inhibits expression of the FMR1 gene. In two clinically normal brothers large, expanded CGG repeats and cytogenetically visible fragile sites were found. The FMR1 promoter was unmethylated and both RNA and protein could be detected. This indicates that inactivation of the FMR1 gene and not repeat expansion itself results in the fragile X phenotype. We conclude that repeat expansion does not necessarily induce methylation and that methylation is no absolute requirement for the induction of fragile sites.
The Historical Event (2008)

hayden white is University Professor, Emeritus, at the University of California and Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford University.
Synthesis of New Arylsulfonylurea Derivatives of Saccharin (1993)

Some new sulfonylurea derivatives (2a-j) of saccharin have been obtained by the reaction of ethyl 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole-2(3H)-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide (1) with the appropriate amine. Ethyl 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole-2(3H)-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide was obtained, in excellent yield, by the reaction of ethyl chloroformate with saccharin.
Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary perillyl alcohol. (1997)

Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of diets containing fruits and vegetables, major sources of phytochemicals and micronutrients, may reduce the risk of developing cancer of the colon. Several phytochemicals and micronutrients present in fruits and vegetables are known to exert cancer-chemopreventive effects in several organs, including the colon. Monoterpenes such as d-limonene and perillyl alcohol derived from orange peels and lavender, respectively, have been shown to possess chemopreventive properties against mammary, liver, and/or lung carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of dietary 40 and 80% maximum tolerated dose (MTD) levels of perillyl alcohol on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis. The effect of this agent on the process of apoptosis in colon tumors was also investigated. Prior to the efficacy study, the MTD of perillyl alcohol was determined in male F344 rats in a 6-week subchronic toxicity study and found to be a 2.5-g/kg diet when added to the AIN-76A diet. At 5 weeks of age, groups of male F344 rats were fed control (AIN-76A) diet or diets containing 1 and 2 g perillyl alcohol/kg diet, representing 40 and 80% MTD levels, respectively. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except those in the vehicle-treated groups were given two weekly s.c. injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight/week). All animals were continued on their respective dietary regimen for 52 weeks after AOM treatment and then sacrificed. Colon tumors were evaluated histopathologically using routine procedures. Perillyl alcohol at the 1-g/kg level significantly inhibited the incidence (percentage of animals with tumors) and multiplicity (tumors/ animals) of invasive adenocarcinomas of the colon, whereas perillyl alcohol at 2 g/kg diet inhibited the incidence of total adenocarcinomas of the colon and small intestine as compared to the control diet. Our studies also indicate that the colon tumors of animals fed perillyl alcohol exhibited increased apoptosis as compared to those fed the control diet. These results demonstrate the potential chemopreventive activity of perillyl alcohol against colon carcinogenesis. The chemopreventive activity of perillyl alcohol is mediated through the tumor cell loss by apoptosis.
Role of Free Radicals in Chemiluminescence Generation during the Beer Oxidation Process (1990)

Journal Article Role of Free Radicals in Chemiluminescence Generation during the Beer Oxidation Process Get access Hirotaka Kaneda, Hirotaka Kaneda Brewing Research Laboratories, SAPPORO Breweries Ltd., 10 Okatohme, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukinobu Kano, Yukinobu Kano Brewing Research Laboratories, SAPPORO Breweries Ltd., 10 Okatohme, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshihiko Osawa, Toshihiko Osawa Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shunro Kawakishi, Shunro Kawakishi Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Minoru Kamimura Minoru Kamimura Brewing Research Laboratories, SAPPORO Breweries Ltd., 10 Okatohme, Yaizu-shi, Shizuoka 425, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 8, 1 August 1990, Pages 2165–2166, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870275 Published: 01 August 1990 Article history Received: 01 March 1990 Published: 01 August 1990
Individual Differences in Human Auditory Processing: Insights From Single-Trial Auditory Midbrain Activity in an Animal Model (2016)

Auditory-evoked potentials are classically defined as the summations of synchronous firing along the auditory neuraxis. Converging evidence supports a model whereby timing jitter in neural coding compromises listening and causes variable scalp-recorded potentials. Yet the intrinsic noise of human scalp recordings precludes a full understanding of the biological origins of individual differences in listening skills. To delineate the mechanisms contributing to these phenomena, in vivo extracellular activity was recorded from inferior colliculus in guinea pigs to speech in quiet and noise. Here we show that trial-by-trial timing jitter is a mechanism contributing to auditory response variability. Identical variability patterns were observed in scalp recordings in human children, implicating jittered timing as a factor underlying reduced coding of dynamic speech features and speech in noise. Moreover, intertrial variability in human listeners is tied to language development. Together, these findings suggest that variable timing in inferior colliculus blurs the neural coding of speech in noise, and propose a consequence of this timing jitter for human behavior. These results hint both at the mechanisms underlying speech processing in general, and at what may go awry in individuals with listening difficulties.
Architecture of a Biocompatible Supramolecular Material by Supersaturation-Driven Fabrication of its Fiber Network (2005)

The architecture of a biocompatible organogel formed by gelation of a small molecule organic gelator, N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid di-n-butylamide, in isostearyl alcohol was investigated based on a supersaturation-driven crystallographic mismatch branching mechanism. By controlling the supersaturation of the system, the correlation length that determines the mesh size of the fiber network was finely tuned and the rheological properties of the gel were engineered. This approach is of considerable significance for many gel-based applications, such as controlled release of drugs that requires precise control of the mesh size. A direct cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging technique capable of preserving the network structure was used to visualize its nanostructure.
Fiber/fat/carbohydrates in weight loss. (1987)

Fiber/fat/carbohydrates in weight loss. E YorkCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.77.4.514-a Published Online: November 15, 2011