gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Migraine: a pharmacologic review with newer options and delivery modalities. (1994)

The management of migraine usually centers on two approaches: preventive and abortive therapy. Preventive therapy, designed to reduce the frequency, duration, and intensity of attacks, can be accomplished through a wide variety of medications. The most commonly used are beta-blockers, but calcium channel blockers, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have all been used with success. Agents used in abortive migraine therapy treat the intensity and duration of pain, as well as the associated symptoms. New treatment options have been developed, including such newly approved medications as sumatriptan. Sumatriptan is a very effective agent that has joined the ranks of other effective abortive migraine treatments, such as ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, as well as narcotic analgesics. New delivery systems, such as the nasal-spray formulation of butorphanol, allow for a route of administration previously unavailable to migraine sufferers. These new and developing treatment modalities will give physicians a wider choice of outpatient therapy options.
Broadband continuous-wave laser (1988)

A cw ring dye laser is constructed in which the light is shifted in frequency before being fed back into the gain medium. The active medium is R6G dye pumped by an argon-ion laser. An acousto-optic modulator is used to shift the frequency of the light inside the cavity. A continuous distribution of energy in a 0.75-nm bandwidth is observed in the output beam. No Fabry–Perot frequency structure is observed.
Cloud portability standardization overview (2015)

With the development of various cloud technologies and their increased usage, the newly arisen challenge is the migration of a cloud-based application and data among various cloud environments and vendors. In the absence of a standardised mean by which full portability can be achieved, various tools exist in the form of APIs, standards, and protocols. In this paper we conduct an overview of the state of the art regarding the topic of migration and portability of cloud-based applications, in order to determine the possible challenges that today's technologies might have, as well as to find the most appropriate automated way to port an application from one to another cloud, or to migrate an on-premise application to the cloud.
The Effect of Penetration Enhancers on Permeation Kinetics of Nitrendipine in Two Different Skin Models (2008)

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of penetration enhancers on permeation kinetics of nitrendipine (NTP) through two different skin models. The permeation profile and related kinetics parameters such as activity parameter, diffusion parameter, lag time, relative activity parameter and relative diffusion parameter of NTP was determined in presence of some novel and widely accepted permeation enhancers. Among all the more pronounced enhancing effect was obtained with oleic acid (OA) as it presented the highest permeability coefficient. The enhancement was found to be increased in the following order: Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)<Isopropyl myristate (IPM)<Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)<Tween 20 (T20)<Myristic acid (MA)<Lauric acid (LA)<Capric acid (CA)<Tween 80 (T80)<Span 80 (S80)<Thyme oil (TO)<Palmarosa oil (PA)<Petitlgrain oil (PT)<Basil oil (BO)<Oleic acid (OA). The increase in drug permeation was attributed mainly to the decrease in diffusion path length. Essential oils and surfactant (span 80) have shown relative activity parameter (Kr value) well above unity and relative diffusion parameter (Dr value) almost equal or less than unity, which would be attributed to gradual increase in membrane permeability leading to higher permeation. Oleic acid is effective for augmenting skin permeation of NTP, with potential application in transdermal delivery of the drug.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 4″-Substituted Allyloxy Macrolide Derivatives (2013)

Twenty-one new substituted allyloxy macrolide derivatives were synthesized from azithromycin 11,12-cyclic borate and clarithromycin,respectively.The antibacterial activity of azithromycin 4″-substituted allyloxy,3-decladinosyl-3-substituted allyloxy and 3-decladinosyl-3-substituted allyloxy 11,12-dimethoxyl derivatives were evaluated in vitro and compared.The results showed that introduction 4″-substituted allyloxy into azihtromycin improved antibacterial activity against tested Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus and Gamma streptococcus.Introduction 3-substituted allyloxy into azihtromycin reduced antibacterial activity and narrowed antimicrobial spectrum.Introduction 11,12-dimethoxyl futher reduced antibacterial activity.Heteroaryl substituted allyloxy derivatives exhibited better antibacterial activities.In addition,introduction 3-O-[4-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)-2-butenyl] into erythromycin A also reduced antibacterial activity and narrowed antimicrobial spectrum.
Signal recognition particle is required for co-translational insertion of cytochrome P-450 into microsomal membranes. (1984)

Insertion of newly synthesized P-450(1), the major phenobarbital-inducible form of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, into microsomal membranes was studied in a wheat germ cell-free translation system programed with total RNA from the liver of a phenobarbital-treated rabbit. P-450(1) synthesized in vitro had the same molecular weight as the mature molecule and was co-translationally inserted into dog pancreas rough microsomal membranes. In the presence of salt-washed microsomes, instead of unwashed ones, the insertion was greatly diminished. It could, however, be restored by supplementation of the system with purified signal recognition particle (SRP), a known component of the membrane translocation machinery for secretory proteins. In the absence of microsomes, SRP inhibited the translation of mRNA encoding P-450(1) and this translation arrest was released by the addition of salt-washed microsomes. On the other hand, SRP did not affect the translation of mRNAs encoding yeast porin and reticulocyte globin, which are mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins, respectively. We conclude that co-translational insertion of P-450(1) into microsomal membranes requires SRP and postulate that P-450(1) possesses an uncleavable signal sequence that can be recognized by SRP.
Protection by tocotrienols against hypercholesterolaemia and atheroma. (1994)

Antioxidants such as tocotrienols may protect against atherosclerosis since tissue injury from free radicals is a final common pathway of damage in arterial disease. In this study, the effects of tocotrienols on serum cholesterol, lipid peroxides, and aorta atheroma were assessed in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Tocotrienols were more effective than tocopherols in preventing increases in serum LDL (p = 0.03) and total cholesterol (p = 0.008) levels in the cholesterol-fed rabbits. Elevation of serum lipid peroxides was effectively suppressed by tocotrienols (p = 0.01). Both tocopherols and tocotrienols offered significant protection against atheroma in the rabbit aorta, but tocotrienols had a stronger hypolipidaemic effect.
Process Options for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater (1994)

ABSTRACT The paper reviews the current capabilities of processes for phosphorus and nitrogen removal in relation to the EC urban waste water treatment Directive. The Directive is briefly described and the implications for the UK are discussed. This is followed by a review of biological and chemical processes for nutrient removal with special reference to their current state of application and performance. Particular attention is paid to processes for biological phosphorus removal which, in the past, was said to be less reliable than the chemical options but which is now being more widely applied in other parts of Europe as well as South Africa and North America. Processes for modifying both activated sludge and biological filter systems to meet the Directive are briefly described.
Fan-beam reconstruction from a straight line of source points (1993)

A fan-beam tomographic reconstruction algorithm is developed for source points distributed along a straight line. It is shown that, in theory, a perfect reconstruction is possible from an infinitely long straight line. Using computer simulations it is verified that using a finite segment of a straight line, it is possible to reconstruct images with quality comparable to those obtained when the source points are distributed along a circle. It is shown that the two parameters that most affect the image quality are the length of source point line, and the distance from the object to the source point line. In addition, a postreconstruction technique is developed that substantially improves the quality of images reconstructed from the straight line.
An NFC on Two-Coil WPT Link for Implantable Biomedical Sensors under Ultra-Weak Coupling (2017)

The inductive link is widely used in implantable biomedical sensor systems to achieve near-field communication (NFC) and wireless power transfer (WPT). However, it is tough to achieve reliable NFC on an inductive WPT link when the coupling coefficient is ultra-low (0.01 typically), since the NFC signal (especially for the uplink from the in-body part to the out-body part) could be too weak to be detected. Traditional load shift keying (LSK) requires strong coupling to pass the load modulation information to the power source. Instead of using LSK, we propose a dual-carrier NFC scheme for the weak-coupled inductive link; using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, its downlink data are modulated on the power carrier (2 MHz), while its uplink data are modulated on another carrier (125 kHz). The two carriers are transferred through the same coil pair. To overcome the strong interference of the power carrier, dedicated circuits are introduced. In addition, to minimize the power transfer efficiency decrease caused by adding NFC, we optimize the inductive link circuit parameters and approach the receiver sensitivity limit. In the prototype experiments, even though the coupling coefficient is as low as 0.008, the in-body transmitter costs only 0.61 mW power carrying 10 kbps of data, and achieves a 1 × 10 - 7 bit error rate under the strong interference of WPT. This dual-carrier NFC scheme could be useful for small-sized implantable biomedical sensor applications.
Current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and<i>Ehrlichia ewingii</i>ehrlichiosis (2009)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii are emerging tick-borne pathogens and are the causative agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and E. ewingii ehrlichiosis, respectively. Collectively, these are referred to as human ehrlichioses. These obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of the family Anaplasmataceae are transmitted by Ixodes spp. or Amblyomma americanum ticks and infect peripherally circulating leukocytes to cause infections that range in clinical spectra from asymptomatic seroconversion to mild, severe or, in rare instances, fatal disease. This review describes: the ecology of each pathogen; the epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms of the human diseases that each causes; the choice methods for diagnosing and treating human ehrlichioses; recommendations for patient management; and is concluded with suggestions for potential future research.
HDAC inhibitors with potential to overcome drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (2022)

Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the development and persistence of cancer, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are promising anticancer drugs targeting epigenetic modes. Efficient anticancer drugs for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are sought, and approved HDAC inhibitors have shown promising results on the one hand and severe drawbacks on the other hand. Hence, ways to break the drug resistance mechanisms of existing HDAC inhibitors as well as the design of new promising HDAC inhibitors which can overcome the disadvantages of the classic HDAC inhibitors are of great importance. In this work, HDAC inhibitors with the potential to become a mainstay for the treatment of CRPC in the future as well as suitable combination treatments of HDAC inhibitors with other anticancer drugs leading to considerable synergistic effects in treated CRPCs are discussed.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF PILE PERFORMANCE BY BASE GROUTING. (1993)

Keywords CEMENTATION PILING & FOUNDATIONS PILES, PERFORMANCE, IMPROVEMENT, BASES, GROUTING, POST CONSTRUCTION, DEFORMATION, MECHANISMS, LOADS, SHAFTS, FRICTION, GROUTS, INJECTION, BEARING, BEHAVIOUR, RESISTANCE, PROCESS... Show All
Detachment of Liquid-Water Droplets from Gas-Diffusion Layers (2011)

A critical issue for optimal water management in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells at lower temperatures is the removal of liquid water from the cell. This pathway is intimately linked with the phenomena of liquid-water droplet removal from surface of the gas-diffusion layer and into the flow channel. Thus, a good understanding of liquid-water transport and droplet growth and detachment from the gas-diffusion layer is critical. In this study, liquid-water droplet growth and detachment on the gas-diffusion layer surfaces are investigated experimentally to improve the understating of water transport through and removal from gas-diffusion layers. An experiment using a sliding-angle measurement is designed and used to quantify and directly measure the adhesion force for liquid-water droplets, and to understand the droplets' growth and detachment from the gas-diffusion layers.
Effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on hemodynamics, lung microvascular permeability, and eicosanoid synthesis in anesthetized sheep. (1989)

We infused recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF alpha), lymphotoxin (rhLT), and Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into anesthetized sheep with a lung lymph fistula to compare their effects on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, lung lymph dynamics, and eicosanoid release. rhTNF alpha (25-150 micrograms/kg, n = 6 sheep), but not rhLT (25 micrograms/kg, n = 3), rapidly increased lung lymph and plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-k-PGF1 alpha) and caused profound systemic vasodilation and hypotension. Meclofenamate pretreatment (10 mg/kg) of three other sheep given 25 micrograms/kg rhTNF alpha prevented the increase of lymph and plasma 6-k-PGF1 alpha levels, systemic vasodilation, and the early (less than 2 hrs) but not the late (4-6 hours) hypotension caused by rhTNF alpha. LPS (1 micrograms/kg, n = 11) induced a briefer increase of lymph 6-k-PGF1 alpha levels than did rhTNF alpha while plasma 6-k-PGF1 alpha levels did not increase. LPS induced more gradual hypotension than did rhTNF alpha but did not cause systemic vasodilation. LPS and rhTNF alpha, but not rhLT, increased lymph thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels during the first hour of study, whereas only LPS acutely increased plasma TXB2 levels. LPS caused acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and greater acute pulmonary artery hypertension than did either rhTNF alpha or rhLT. Whereas LPS-treated sheep required less fluid transfusion than rhTNF alpha-treated sheep to maintain mean systemic arterial pressure greater than 50 mm Hg, LPS infusion caused a greater increase of lung lymph protein clearance. rhTNF alpha caused minimal alterations of lung microvascular permeability. We conclude that eicosanoid mediators contribute importantly to differences of systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics caused by these agents in sheep. rhTNF alpha cannot account for all of the LPS-induced hemodynamic, lung lymph, and eicosanoid responses in sheep.
Transcripts for secreted and GPI‐anchored brevican are differentially distributed in rat brain (1998)

Brevican is a member of the aggrecan/versican family of proteoglycans. In contrast to the other family members, brevican occurs both as soluble isoforms secreted into the extracellular space and membrane-bound isoforms which are anchored to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. Expression of both variants, which are encoded by two differentially processed transcripts from the same gene, is confined to the nervous system. In the current study, we have used in situ hybridization to examine the cellular sites of synthesis for both mRNAs during postnatal development of the rat brain. Whereas the 3.6-kb transcript encoding secreted brevican displays a widespread distribution in grey matter structures, including cerebellar and cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamic nuclei with silver grains accumulating over neuronal cell bodies, the smaller transcript (3.3 kb) encoding GPI-anchored isoforms appears to be largely confined to white matter tracts and diffusely distributed glial cells. This expression pattern is further confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments with RNA from different glial cell cultures, and by biochemical data demonstrating that the crude membrane fraction from isolated optic nerve contains high amounts of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC)-sensitive brevican immunoreactivity. During ontogenetic development, both brevican transcripts are generally up-regulated. However, the expression of glypiated brevican is delayed by about 1 week, compared with the expression of the secreted isoform. This late appearance of GPI-linked brevican, its predominant expression in glial cells and its tight association with brain myelin fractions suggest a functional role in neuroglia.
Control of microbial fouling in circular tubes with chlorine (1977)

Microbial attachment to liquid-solid interfaces has detrimental effects in flow systems. Frictional resistance shows a pronounced increase due to microbial films and thus causes higher energy requirements for fluid transport. The objective for this study was to obtain basic information about attachment and growth of bacteria and destruction of existent slime layers on the walls of a tubular reactor. Results indicate that high pressure drops caused by film formation cannot be explained by the resultant decrease in tribe diameter. The microbial film is assumed to have a rippled surface and viscoelastic properties which explain large increases in frictional resistance. Friction factors are as much as three times as high as in the clean tube. Chlorine was used as a slimicide to prevent fouling and remove formed slime layers. Results indicate that chlorine effectively removes microbial films if added at relatively high concentration for a short period of time at least once a day or at low concentrations with continuous addition. Shock chlorination every other day was not sufficient to prevent extensive fouling between chlorinations. Chlorine utilization by the film was shown to be dependent on concentration of chlorine feed and flow rate suggesting that slime control efficiency could be improved by increasing flow rate during chlorination. Chlorine utilization rate was not dependent on film thickness. A computer model for microbial fouling was developed. Experimental data were used to test the validity of the model and good agreement was obtained.
Lymphoid Sequestration of Alloreactive Memory CD4 T Cells Promotes Cardiac Allograft Survival (2006)

Memory T cells specific for donor Ags present a unique challenge in transplantation. In addition to expressing robust immune responses to a transplanted organ, memory T cells may be resistant to the effects of immunosuppressive therapies used to prolong graft survival. In this study, we explore the possibility of controlling deleterious donor-reactive memory CD4 T cells through lymphoid sequestration. We showed that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 agonist FTY720 induces relocation of circulating memory CD4 T cells into secondary lymphoid organs. Lymphoid sequestration of these donor-reactive memory CD4 T cells prolonged survival of murine heterotopic cardiac allografts and synergizes with conventional costimulatory blockade to further increase graft survival. Despite limited trafficking, memory CD4 T cells remain capable of providing help for the induction of anti-donor CD8 T cell and alloantibody responses. Elimination of antidonor humoral immunity resulted in indefinite allograft survival proving the pathogenicity of alloantibody under these conditions. Overall, this is the first demonstration that FTY720 influences memory CD4 T cell trafficking and attenuates their contribution to allograft rejection. The data have important implications for guiding FTY720 therapy and for designing combinatorial strategies aimed at prolonging allograft survival in sensitized transplant patients with donor-specific memory T cells.
Complementation between mouse Mfn1 and Mfn2 protects mitochondrial fusion defects caused by CMT2A disease mutations (2007)

Mfn2, an oligomeric mitochondrial protein important for mitochondrial fusion, is mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A, a peripheral neuropathy characterized by axonal degeneration. In addition to homooligomeric complexes, Mfn2 also associates with Mfn1, but the functional significance of such heterooligomeric complexes is unknown. Also unknown is why Mfn2 mutations in CMT2A lead to cell type–specific defects given the widespread expression of Mfn2. In this study, we show that homooligomeric complexes formed by many Mfn2 disease mutants are nonfunctional for mitochondrial fusion. However, wild-type Mfn1 complements mutant Mfn2 through the formation of heterooligomeric complexes, including complexes that form in trans between mitochondria. Wild-type Mfn2 cannot complement the disease alleles. Our results highlight the functional importance of Mfn1–Mfn2 heterooligomeric complexes and the close interplay between the two mitofusins in the control of mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, they suggest that tissues with low Mfn1 expression are vulnerable in CMT2A and that methods to increase Mfn1 expression in the peripheral nervous system would benefit CMT2A patients.
A neural network filtering approach for similarity-based remaining useful life estimation (2018)

The role of prognostics and health management is ever more prevalent with advanced techniques of estimation methods. However, data processing and remaining useful life prediction algorithms are often very different. Some difficulties in accurate prediction can be tackled by redefining raw data parameters into more meaningful and comprehensive health level indicators that will then provide performance information. Proper data processing has a significant importance on remaining useful life predictions, for example, to deal with data limitations or/and multi-regime operating conditions. The framework proposed in this paper considers a similarity-based prognostic algorithm that is fed by the use of data normalisation and filtering methods for operational trajectories of complex systems. This is combined with a data-driven prognostic technique based on feed-forward neural networks with multi-regime normalisation. In particular, the paper takes a close look at how pre-processing methods affect algorithm performance. The work presented herein shows a conceptual prognostic framework that overcomes challenges presented by short-term test datasets and that increases the prediction performance with regards to prognostic metrics.
The "photosphere-wind connection" in Wolf-Rayet stars: simultaneous photometry and spectroscopy of EZ CMa (1996)

peer reviewed