gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Tensile and Impact Absorption properties of Bio-Inspired Helicoidal stacked with Cross-Ply Stacked Carbon Fiber Laminate (2020)

Abstract Herrigbone structures are identified on the chitins of the Mantis shrimp. Bio-inspired helicoidal arrangement of composite layers can mimic these herringbone structures. First, the carbon composite samples are fabricated using the hand lay-up method, followed by a curing process using a hot press system. The impact absorption properties of these samples will be analyzed through a series of impact tests. The samples will also be tested for its tensile properties to compare the effect of plies arranged in helicoidal [0,45,90], [0,30,60,90] and Cross-ply orientations to form the laminate structure. The results showed that helicoidal samples have higher penetration tolerance and toughness as compared to Cross-ply samples during impact tests. It is found that the specimen with helicoidal stacking sequence has better debonding resistance and improved damage tolerance. The 6-ply helicoidal samples exhibits higher tensile strength as compared to 6-ply Cross-ply samples due to better fiber to matrix adhesion for helicoidal structure in the direction of pulling force.
Squashes of plant tissue as substrate for PCR (1991)

Journal Article Squashes of plant tissue as substrate for PCR Get access Ursula Langridge, Ursula Langridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Schwall, Michael Schwall 1Suüdwestsaat, im Rheinfeld 5, Rastatt, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Langridge Peter Langridge * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 24, 25 December 1991, Page 6954, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.24.6954 Published: 25 December 1991 Article history Received: 24 October 1991 Published: 25 December 1991
Development of a PCR assay to detect <i>Fusarium poae</i> in wheat (1996)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA assays were carried out on a range of isolates of F. poae to identify markers common to all isolates. Two fragments were isolated, cloned and used to probe Southern blots of DNA from F. poae and isolates from a range of wheat seed and stem base pathogens. One fragment, which hybridized preferentially to DNA of F. poae was partially sequenced and two pairs of primers (Fp8 F/R and Fp82 F/R) were generated for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of target DNA occurred following PCR of all isolates of F. poae but not from any of a range of other fungal species associated with diseases of cereal ears and seed. The primer pair Fp82 F/R was used to detect F. poae in extracts from wheat seed samples contaminated with Fusarium species. This system offers the potential to determine the presence of F. poae in wheat and avoid problems commonly associated with conventional diagnosis of the disease and isolation of the pathogen.
OpenIE6: Iterative Grid Labeling and Coordination Analysis for Open Information Extraction (2020)

A recent state-of-the-art neural open information extraction (OpenIE) system generates extractions iteratively, requiring repeated encoding of partial outputs. This comes at a significant computational cost. On the other hand, sequence labeling approaches for OpenIE are much faster, but worse in extraction quality. In this paper, we bridge this trade-off by presenting an iterative labeling-based system that establishes a new state of the art for OpenIE, while extracting 10 faster. This is achieved through a novel Iterative Grid Labeling (IGL) architecture, which treats OpenIE as a 2-D grid labeling task. We improve its performance further by applying coverage (soft) constraints on the grid at training time.
<i>In Vitro</i> Phototoxicity Testing: Development and Validation of a New Concentration Response Analysis Software and Biostatistical Analyses Related to the Use of Various Prediction Models (2002)

As demonstrated in several validation studies, the dermal phototoxic potential of chemicals in humans can be effectively assessed by in vitro methods. The core of these methods is to monitor dose-response curves of a chemical in the absence and presence of light, to quantify the difference between these two curves by appropriate measures (either the photo-irritancy factor [PIF], or the mean photo effect [MPE]), and to use these measures as predictors of in vivo phototoxicity. We present new concentration-response analysis software for in vitro phototoxicity testing, which runs on current personal computers, and takes into account all the limitations identified when using a former program. We also demonstrate the validity and robustness of this new software by applying it retrospectively to all data available from two phases of the EU/COLIPA validation trial for the 3T3 neutral red update in vitro phototoxicity test. Some frequently raised questions pertaining to the use of prediction models in phototoxicity testing are addressed, including: the necessity of using prediction models based on a cut-off; whether it is justifiable to use sharp prediction cut-off values; whether there is a biostatistical justification for the highest concentration of the test chemical; and whether repeated testing of a chemical is required.
Fiber optic liquid leak detection technique with an ultrasonic actuator and a fiber Bragg grating (2005)

We present a technique for liquid leak detection in which ultrasonic and optical waves are introduced into a fiber simultaneously. The system is based on an ultrasonic technique using an ultrasonic actuator and a fiber Bragg grating receiver. A fiber-guided ultrasonic wave is utilized to stress the fiber Bragg grating, which is remote from the ultrasonic transmitter. When the traveling ultrasonic wave encounters a liquid, part of the wave will leak out from the fiber, which results in an ultrasonic strain decrease in the fiber Bragg grating. The ultrasonic wave and its attenuation are detected by the light variation of a narrowband laser source reflected and transmitted from the fiber Bragg grating, and the amplitude variation of the ultrasound can eventually be correlated with the fiber area coupled with the liquid.
User testing and design iteration of the ProVAR user interface (2003)

The ProVAR (Professional Vocational Assistant Robot) system is designed for use by a person with a high-level physical disability to manipulate physical objects in an office desktop environment and to access the functions of a networked personal computer. Typical objects (e.g., computer media, cups, videotapes, medication, sheets of paper) support vocational tasks and activities of daily living. The ProVAR interface is programmed to platform-independent Web-based software standards, notably HTML, VRML and Java, to facilitate future development efforts and the use of the software by all personal computer users. This paper will discuss recent developments in the interface design and user testing of the first iteration of the interface.
Isolation of the Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-stimulating Hormone-releasing Hormone from Porcine Hypothalami (1971)

Abstract A new procedure is described for the isolation on a preparative scale of a hypothalamic decapeptide which stimulates the release of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary. The isolation was achieved mainly by countercurrent distribution. The yield from 240,000 porcine hypothalami was 11.4 mg. Thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis showed the material to be homogeneous. The amino acid analyses showed the presence of 2 residues of glycine and 1 residue each of histidine, arginine, tryptophan, serine, glutamic acid, proline, leucine, and tyrosine. This decapeptide stimulates release of both LH and FSH in vivo as well as in vitro in doses smaller than 1 ng. It is thought to be the hypothalamic hormone which controls secretion of both LH and FSH from the pituitary gland.
Straightforward Selection of Broadly Neutralizing Single-Domain Antibodies Targeting the Conserved CD4 and Coreceptor Binding Sites of HIV-1 gp120 (2012)

Few broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting determinants of the HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein (gp120) involved in sequential binding to host CD4 and chemokine receptors have been characterized. While these epitopes show low diversity among various isolates, HIV-1 employs many strategies to evade humoral immune response toward these sensitive sites, including a carbohydrate shield, low accessibility to these buried cavities, and conformational masking. Using trimeric gp140, free or bound to a CD4 mimic, as immunogens in llamas, we selected a panel of broadly neutralizing single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) that bind to either the CD4 or the coreceptor binding site (CD4BS and CoRBS, respectively). When analyzed as monomers or as homo- or heteromultimers, the best sdAb candidates could not only neutralize viruses carrying subtype B envelopes, corresponding to the Env molecule used for immunization and selection, but were also efficient in neutralizing a broad panel of envelopes from subtypes A, C, G, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, including tier 3 viruses. Interestingly, sdAb multimers exhibited a broader neutralizing activity spectrum than the parental sdAb monomers. The extreme stability and high recombinant production yield combined with their broad neutralization capacity make these sdAbs new potential microbicide candidates for HIV-1 transmission prevention.
Drugs targeting the mitochondrial pore act as citotoxic and cytostatic agents in temozolomide-resistant glioma cells (2009)

The obtained data suggest that these pharmacological agents could be selected as adjuvant drugs for the treatment of high grade astrocytomas that resist conventional therapies or that do not show any peculiar genetic alteration that can be targeted by specific drugs.
Analysis of Escherichia coli colonization factor antigen I linear B-cell epitopes, as determined by primate responses, following protein sequence verification (1992)

Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I)-bearing strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are responsible for a significant percentage of ETEC diarrheal disease worldwide whether the disease presents as infant diarrhea with high mortality or as traveler's diarrhea. CFA/I pili (fimbriae) are virulence determinants that consist of repeating protein subunits (pilin), are found in several ETEC serogroups, and promote attachment to human intestinal mucosa. While CFA/I pili are highly immunogenic, the antigenic determinants of CFA/I have not been defined. We wished to identify the linear B-cell epitopes within the CFA/I molecule as determined by primate response to the immunizing protein. To do this, we (i) resolved the discrepancies in the literature on the complete amino acid sequence of CFA/I by N-terminal and internal protein sequencing of purified and selected proteolytic fragments of CFA/I, (ii) utilized this sequence to synthesize 140 overlapping octapeptides covalently attached to polyethylene pins which represented the entire CFA/I protein, (iii) immunized three rhesus monkeys with multiple intramuscular injections of purified CFA/I subunit in Freund's adjuvant, and (iv) tested serum from each monkey for its ability to recognize the octapeptides in a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight linear B-cell epitopes were identified; the region containing an epitope at amino acids 11 to 21 was strongly recognized by all three individual rhesus monkeys, while the amino acid stretches 22 to 29, 66 to 74, 93 to 101, and 124 to 136 each contained an epitope that was recognized by two of the three rhesus monkeys. The three other regions containing epitopes were recognized by one of the three individuals. The monkey antiserum to pilus subunits recognized native intact pili by immunogold labeling of CFA/I pili present on whole H10407 cells. Therefore, immunization with pilus subunits induces antibody that clearly recognizes both synthetic linear epitopes and intact pili. We are currently studying the importance of these defined epitope-containing regions as vaccine candidates.
Fabrication and Characterization of CIS/CdS and Cu2S/CdS Devices for Applications in Nano Structured Solar Cells (2005)

Nano structured solar cells provide an opportunity for increased open circuit voltages and and short circuit currents in solar cells due to quantum confinement of the window and absorber materials and an increase in the optical path length for the incident light. In this study, both bulk and nano heterojunctions of CIS/CdS and Cu2S/CdS devices have been fabricated and studied on plain glass substrates and inside porous alumina templates to compare their performance. The devices have also been characterized SEM, XRD and JV measurements. The J-V curves have also been analyzed for series resistance, diode ideality factor and reverse saturation current density.
Pattern recognition in high-energy physics (1987)

Pattern recognition is of crucial importance to many high-energy physics experiments during their analysis phase.This review gives a short introduction to those aspects of experiments that require the application of pattern recognition methods, which are discussed in detail and illustrated with examples from high-energy physics experiments of the last 15 years.At the end, a number of papers are recommended dealing with track and vertex fitting.
Synthesis and Structure of Six-Coordinate Iron Borohydride Complexes Supported by PNP Ligands (2014)

The preparation of a number of iron complexes supported by ligands of the type HN{CH2CH2(PR2)}2 [R = isopropyl (((i)Pr)PNP) or cyclohexyl ((Cy)PNP)] is reported. This is the first time this important bifunctional ligand has been coordinated to iron. The iron(II) complexes (((i)Pr)PNP)FeCl2(CO) (1a) and ((Cy)PNP)FeCl2(CO) (1b) were synthesized through the reaction of the appropriate free ligand and FeCl2 in the presence of CO. The iron(0) complex (((i)Pr)PNP)Fe(CO)2 (2a) was prepared through the reaction of Fe(CO)5 with ((i)Pr)PNP, while irradiating with UV light. Compound 2a is unstable in CH2Cl2 and is oxidized to 1a via the intermediate iron(II) complex [(((i)Pr)PNP)FeCl(CO)2]Cl (3a). The reaction of 2a with HCl generated the related complex [(((i)Pr)PNP)FeH(CO)2]Cl (4a), while the neutral iron hydrides (((i)Pr)PNP)FeHCl(CO) (5a) and ((Cy)PNP)FeHCl(CO) (5b) were synthesized through the reaction of 1a or 1b with 1 equiv of (n)Bu4NBH4. The related reaction between 1a and excess NaBH4 generated the unusual η(1)-HBH3 complex (((i)Pr)PNP)FeH(η(1)-HBH3)(CO) (6a). This complex features a bifurcated intramolecular dihydrogen bond between two of the hydrogen atoms associated with the η(1)-HBH3 ligand and the N-H proton of the pincer ligand, as well as intermolecular dihydrogen bonding. The protonation of 6a with 2,6-lutidinium tetraphenylborate resulted in the formation of the dimeric complex [{(((i)Pr)PNP)FeH(CO)}2(μ2,η(1):η(1)-H2BH2)][BPh4] (7a), which features a rare example of a μ2,η(1):η(1)-H2BH2 ligand. Unlike all previous examples of complexes with a μ2,η(1):η(1)-H2BH2 ligand, there is no metal-metal bond and additional bridging ligand supporting the borohydride ligand in 7a; however, it is proposed that two dihydrogen-bonding interactions stabilize the complex. Complexes 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, and 7a were characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Radio accessible SAW sensors for non-contact measurement of torque and temperature (2002)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) based sensors can easily be interrogated by low power radio signals. They therefore are ideally suited for non-contact measurement of torque and temperature on rotating shafts. It is advantageous to use lithium niobate as a substrate material because of its linear temperature response and its high electro-mechanical coupling efficiency. With this material, however, the sensitivities of temperature and torque measurement are strongly different: a small change in temperature of only a few Kelvin will cause a sensor signal of the same amount as the nominal torque of a typical shaft. It is experimentally demonstrated that, despite the strong temperature sensitivity of the sensors, exact measurements of both torque and temperature can be accomplished over a wide temperature range from 0/spl deg/C to more than 70/spl deg/C, while the resolution of torque measurement is well below 1%. Deviations from linearity are small, so that a third order polynomial in temperature and torque is sufficient to describe the sensor response characteristics.
Enhanced-performance active fiber composites (2003)

Active fiber composites (AFCs) find applications in a variety of industrial, commercial, and aerospace markets as both actuators and sensors. Among the key attributes of AFCs relative to conventional monolithic piezoceramic actuators are high strain energy density, unidirectional response, conformability, and robustness. Recently, performance enhancements in AFCs have been demonstrated through the use of a modified injection molding process to produce piezoceramic modules with multiple identical fibers of a uniform rectangular cross section. AFC actuators made from Type II PZT fiber modules exhibit free micro-strains of 1830 ± 30 ppm at a peak-peak E-field drive of 26.1 kV/cm, and show exceptional part-to-part uniformity. In addition, AFCs made from injection molded PMN-PT fiber modules show a low-field d<sub>33</sub> of 650 pm/V. The successful incorporation of PMN-PT materials into AFCs also demonstrates the viability of using highly textured ceramic PMN-PT piezofibers, for which even larger increases in strain response are expected.
A Strategy for Early Intervention (1983)

An infant school's approach to assessment with teachers using time sampling techniques to observe and record behaviour is described by Mavis Willay, head of Rotherfield Infants School, Inner London Education Authority
Seven novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. (1995)

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, the major form of folate in plasma, is a carbon donor for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. This form of folate is generated from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate through the action of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a cytosolic flavoprotein. Patients with an autosomal recessive severe deficiency of MTHFR have homocystinuria and a wide range of neurological and vascular disturbances. We have recently described the isolation of a cDNA for MTHFR and the identification of two mutations in patients with severe MTHFR deficiency. We report here the characterization of seven novel mutations in this gene: six missense mutations and a 5' splice-site defect that activates a cryptic splice site in the coding sequence. We also present a preliminary analysis of the relationship between genotype and phenotype for all nine mutations identified thus far in this gene. A nonsense mutation and two missense mutations (proline to leucine and threonine to methionine) in the homozygous state are associated with extremely low activity (0%-3%) and onset of symptoms within the 1st year of age. Other missense mutations (arginine to cysteine and arginine to glutamine) are associated with higher enzyme activity and later onset of symptoms.
Slicing tRNAs to boost functional ncRNA diversity (2013)

Post-transcriptional cleavage of RNA molecules to generate smaller fragments is a widespread mechanism that enlarges the structural and functional complexity of cellular RNomes. Substrates for such RNA fragmentations are coding as well as non-protein-coding RNAs. In particular, fragments derived from both precursor and mature tRNAs represent one of the rapidly growing classes of post-transcriptional RNA pieces. Importantly, these tRNA fragments possess distinct expression patterns, abundance, cellular localizations, or biological roles compared with their parental tRNA molecules. Here we review recent reports on tRNA cleavage and attempt to categorize tRNA pieces according to their origin and cellular function. The biological scope of tRNA-derived fragments ranges from translation control, over RNA silencing, to regulating apoptosis, and thus clearly enlarges the functional repertoire of ncRNA biology.
Seismic Refraction Prospecting (1967)

The seismic method is divided into reflection and refraction techniques, based on whether or not a wave undergoes a reflection at the extent of its travel. Thus, while most refracted events have not been reflected, most reflected events have been refracted, because a refraction occurs across any velocity interface in accordance with the simple and basic Snell’s law. This law states that the sine of the angle of incidence is to the sine of the angle of refraction as the velocity on the first side of the interface is to the velocity on the second side of the interface.

Where the refraction angle is large, and not near to zero as it is in the case of reflection work, there are many considerations concerning the geometry of the raypath that have to be made in refraction interpretation. Basically, the papers in this volume describe various techniques for separating out special raypath solutions and making approximations that give us a structural geologic picture from the study of these approximations or specializations.

The following factors are of extreme importance in refraction surveying’ 1) Distance’ Surveying must be accurate in order to make correct depth determinations of the refractor by the use of the refraction method. 2) Velocity’ The velocity of the various horizons, through which the refracted wave passes, must be known if an accurate structural picture is to be determined. Many of these velocities can be determined from the refraction data, and, in fact, the refraction method is a good means of establishing many of the velocities needed for these calculations. 3) Time’ Accurate time information is a prerequisite, although this is no more the case in refraction than in reflection work. In most instances, refraction information is to be recorded to the nearest 1/1,000 sec for exploration purposes.

The distance parameter will be discussed first. In many surveys the distance between the shot and receiver may be extremely long (25 to 50 miles), and the requirement for accuracy is just as vital as if this distance were very short (a few hundred feet). Because of the differential velocities involved, distance errors can cause errors in depth greater than the distance errors themselves. For somecases, in the experience of the editor, the depth error may be three times the distance error. The velocity is very critical in refraction information. Of particular important is the refractor velocity, which is often used to determine the time to be subtracted from the total time path to determine that amount of time which is near verticalor can be converted to a vertical path time.
Divisive Hierarchical K-Means (2006)

This paper focuses on clustering methods for content-based image retrieval CBIR. Hierarchical clustering methods are a way to investigate grouping in data, simultaneously over a variety of scales, by creating a cluster tree. Traditionally, these methods group the objects into a binary hierarchical cluster tree. Our main contribution is the proposal of a new divisive hierarchy that is based on the construction of a non-binary tree. Each node can have more than two divisive clusters by detecting a better grouping in m classes . To determine how to divide the nodes in the hierarchical tree into clusters nodes, we use K-means clustering. At each node, to determine the correct number of clusters, we use a quality criterion called Silhouette. The solution that k-means reaches often depends on the starting centroids, however we tested three methods of initialization, and we used the most suitable for our case.