gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Phosphates for DNA G‐Quadruplex Formation: Evaluation of Zwitterionic G‐Rich Oligodeoxynucleotides (2020)

A quaternary ammonium butylsulfonyl phosphoramidate group (N+) was designed to replace all the phosphates in a G-rich oligodeoxynucleotide d(TG<sub>4</sub> T), resulting in a formally charge-neutral zwitterionic N+TG<sub>4</sub> T sequence. We evaluated the effects of N+phosphate modifications on the structural, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the parallel G-quadruplexes (G4) formed by TG<sub>4</sub> T and compared them to the properties of the recently published phosphoryl guanidine d(TG<sub>4</sub> T) (PG-TG<sub>4</sub> T). Using size-exclusion chromatography, we established that, unlike PG-TG<sub>4</sub> T, which exists as a mixture of complexes of different molecularity in solution, N+TG<sub>4</sub> T forms an individual tetramolecular complex. In contrast to PG modifications that destabilized G4s, the presence of N+ modifications increased thermal stability relative to unmodified [d(TG<sub>4</sub> T)]<sub>4</sub> . The initial stage of assembly of N+TG<sub>4</sub> T proceeded faster in the presence of Na<sup>+</sup> than K<sup>+</sup> ions and, similarly to PG-TG<sub>4</sub> T, was independent of the salt concentration. However, after complex formation exceeded 75 %, N+TG<sub>4</sub> T in solution with Na<sup>+</sup> showed slower association than with K<sup>+</sup> . N+TG<sub>4</sub> T could also form G4s in solution with Li<sup>+</sup> ions at a very low strand concentration (10 μM); something that has never been reported for the native d(TG<sub>4</sub> T). Charge-neutral PG-G4s can invade preformed native G4s, whereas no invasion was observed between N+and native G4s, possibly due to the increased thermal stability of [N+TG<sub>4</sub> T]<sub>4</sub> . The N+ modification makes d(TG<sub>4</sub> T) fully resistant to enzymatic digestion, which could be useful for intracellular application of N+-modified DNA or RNA.
A Conversation Based Approach for Modeling REST APIs (2015)

Conversations are a well-known concept in service design to describe complex interactions between a client and one or multiple services. The REST architectural style constrains the characteristics of clients, servers and their interactions in REST architectures which consequently has an impact on conversations in such systems. The relation between conversations and REST architectures and how such Restful conversations can be characterized has not been studied in detail yet. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of conversations in REST architectures and introduce an initial set of commonly used conversation types. Based on this, we propose to use conversations as a modeling tool for the design of REST APIs at a higher level of abstraction. We also introduce a corresponding interaction centric metamodel for REST APIs. The characterization of Restful conversations enables a new interaction centric viewpoint on REST architectures which can be also applied for modeling REST APIs on an abstraction level that enables users to focus on the essential functionality of their REST API.
Organically Modified SiO<sub>2</sub>−B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Gels Displaying a High Content of Borosiloxane (B−O−Si⋮) Bonds (1999)

Hybrid SiO2−B2O3 gels have been synthesized from cohydrolysis of modified silicon alkoxides (R−Si(OE)3 R = Me, Vi, Et) and triethylborate, B(OEt)3. The structure of these gels was investigated by Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 29Si and 11B solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analysis. The results show, for the first time, the possibility of obtaining a SiO2−B2O3 gel in which trigonal boron atoms are homogeneously dispersed in the siloxane network via B−O−Si bonds. The identification of such bonds was mainly based on the FT-IR and 11B MAS NMR results. The formation of the borosiloxane bonds is favored by increasing the pH of hydrolysis water and by the use of Et− or Vi−Si(OR)3 rather than Me−Si(OEt)3. Some hypotheses to rationalize the experimental results are also presented.
Recent Advances in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Emerging Optoelectronic Applications (2010)

This review summarizes recent advances in the science and applications of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), with an emphasis on direct visual sensing, cellular imaging, and the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. CPEs backbones that incorporate donor−acceptor units are useful for direct visual sensing, whereas CPEs with hyperbranched structures, or biocompatible long side chains, are particularly useful for cellular imaging. With specially designed counterions, CPEs also demonstrate unique function in device fabrication and operation, for example, in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs), and organic thin film transistors (OFET). Additionally, new strategies to modify and optimize CPE properties for specific applications are provided. The work summarized herein not only illustrates relationships between molecular structures and function, but also highlights how the structural versatility of CPEs makes them a unique category of multifunctional materials with the potential for fulfilling a variety of optical and electronic applications in solution, mixed media, and in the solid state.
MRI‐guided procedures in various regions of the body using a robotic assistance system in a closed‐bore scanner: Preliminary clinical experience and limitations (2010)

Preliminary clinical results in a standard MRI environment suggest that the presented robotic device provides accurate guidance for percutaneous procedures in various body regions. Shorter procedure times may be achievable by optimizing technical and workflow aspects.
Neonatal NK cells target the mouse duct epithelium via Nkg2d and drive tissue-specific injury in experimental biliary atresia (2009)

Biliary atresia is a neonatal obstructive cholangiopathy that progresses to end-stage liver disease. Although the etiology is unknown, a neonatal adaptive immune signature has been mechanistically linked to obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Here, we investigated the role of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia. Analysis of livers of infants at diagnosis revealed that NK cells populate the vicinity of intrahepatic bile ducts and overexpress several genes involved in cytotoxicity. Using a model of rotavirus-induced biliary atresia in newborn mice, we found that activated NK cells also populated murine livers and were the most abundant cells in extrahepatic bile ducts at the time of obstruction. Rotavirus-primed hepatic NK cells lysed cholangiocytes in a contact- and Nkg2d-dependent fashion. Depletion of NK cells and blockade of Nkg2d each prevented injury of the duct epithelium after rotavirus infection, maintained continuity of duct lumen between the liver and duodenum, and enabled bile flow, despite the presence of virus in the tissue and the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings identify NK cells as key initiators of cholangiocyte injury via Nkg2d and demonstrate that injury to the duct epithelium drives the phenotype of experimental biliary atresia.
Effects of a lack of aortic "windkessel" properties on the left ventricle. (1985)

After the long bypass grafting between ascending and abdominal aorta with exclusion of the aortic arch using conventional synthetic vascular graft, a considerably remarkable hemodynamic change and progressive hypertrophy of the left ventricle occurred until stabilized. In the clinical cases and animal experiments, systolic hypertension, diastolic pressure decrease and consequent pulse pressure widening were observed. Furthermore, the phase difference between flow and pressure waves approximated to zero. Elevation of the afterload due to systolic hypertension and widening of pulse pressure may result in energy loss in vascular pulsation, not maintaining forward flow but increasing the left ventricular external work. Furthermore, as the peak flow approximates the peak pressure and its point situated relatively early in systole, external work and wall stress of the left ventricle are markedly elevated. All those factors mentioned above lead concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle to normalize the wall stress. Fall in the diastolic pressure at the aortic root may decrease coronary flow to lead ischemia of the hypertrophied left ventricle. This can occasionally lead to fatal heart failure after a long postoperative period. It may be concluded that these new findings are produced by a loss of compliance (Windkessel properties) in aortic root which occurred as consequence of using conventional synthetic vascular graft with exclusion of aortic arch.
Effect of sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim in the treatment of calves with induced Pasteurella pneumonia (1987)

The efficacy of sulfadimethoxine (SDM)-ormetoprim (OMP) was evaluated in calves with induced Pasteurella pneumonia. A dose-titration study comparing 3 doses of SDM-OMP was performed to determine the optimal dose. Treatments included: group 1--nontreated controls; group 2--33 mg of SDM-OMP/kg of body weight, orally on day 1 and 17 mg/kg on days 2 to 5; group 3--66 mg of SDM-OMP/kg, orally on day 1 and 33 mg/kg on days 2 to 5; group 4--99 mg of SDM-OMP/kg, orally on day 1 and 50 mg/kg on days 2 to 5; and group 5--11 mg of oxytetracycline/kg, IV daily for 4 days. Group-2 calves responded to treatment as well as did group-5 calves. Group-4 calves responded the same as did group-3 calves. However, group-2 calves did not respond as well as did groups 3, 4, and 5 calves.
Porous hollow carbon nanotube composite cages (2006)

Mechanically robust, hollow carbon nanotube composite spheres that are permeable to large chemical species were prepared by a layer-by-layer assembly and templating technique.
Akt signaling is required for glioblastoma maintenance in vivo. (2011)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can be induced in mice through the combined expression of activated forms of KRas and Akt in glial progenitor cells. We have previously demonstrated that KRas is required for the maintenance of these tumors in vivo as inhibition of KRas expression resulted in apoptotic tumor regression and significantly increased survival. To determine the reliance of these tumors on Akt signaling in vivo, we generated a viral vector that allows the expression of Akt to be controlled post-delivery. Survival rates were compared between those animals with continued Akt expression and animals in which expression of Akt was suppressed. Although a fifth of the tumors were refractory to treatment, inhibition of Akt significantly increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice and nearly a fourth of the mice remained in remission four months after the treatment period. These data suggest that Akt is required for glioblastoma maintenance in the context of activated Ras and that loss of Akt expression results in increased survival; therefore, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a viable therapeutic target in this context.
STABILITY ESTIMATING IN OPTIMAL SEQUENTIAL HYPOTHESES TESTING (2009)

summary:We study the stability of the classical optimal sequential probability ratio test based on independent identically distributed observations $X_1,X_2,\dots$ when testing two simple hypotheses about their common density $f$: $f=f_0$ versus $f=f_1$. As a functional to be minimized, it is used a weighted sum of the average (under $f_0$) sample number and the two types error probabilities. We prove that the problem is reduced to stopping time optimization for a ratio process generated by $X_1,X_2,\dots$ with the density $f_0$. For $\tau_*$ being the corresponding optimal stopping time we consider a situation when this rule is applied for testing between $f_0$ and an alternative $\tilde f_1$, where $\tilde f_1$ is some approximation to $f_1$. An inequality is obtained which gives an upper bound for the expected cost excess, when $\tau_*$ is used instead of the rule $\tilde\tau_*$ optimal for the pair $(f_0,\tilde f_1)$. The inequality found also estimates the difference between the minimal expected costs for optimal tests corresponding to the pairs $(f_0,f_1)$ and $(f_0,\tilde f_1)$.
Paclitaxel Treatment of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Modulates Fas/Fas Ligand Expression and Induces Apoptosis Which Can Be Inhibited through the CD40 Receptor (2004)

While the cytotoxic effect of mitoxantrone did not correlate with Fas expression, the results presented here suggest some involvement of the Fas/Fas-L system in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Cell lines with constitutive expression of Fas/sFas demonstrated a higher sensitivity to paclitaxel than Fas-negative cells. Incubation with paclitaxel led to a measurable downregulation of the expression of both soluble and surface Fas receptor in these cells. Interestingly, stimulation of the CD40 receptor inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in the transfected cell line KS-CD40, suggesting a role of this receptor in the modulation of chemosensitivity.
Bebés prematuros y recién nacidos de término de riesgo. Su evaluación, seguimiento y propuestas de servicio (2001)

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener datos a cerca de la evolucion psicomotriz durante el primer ano de vida de los bebes nacidos prematuros y de los nacidos de termino de alto riesgo a fin de detectar algun atraso en la adquisicion de las pautas madurativas con respecto al desarrollo psicomotriz grueso y poder realizar una oportuna intervencion temprana en el tratamiento kinesico. Se evaluo primeramente a los bebes en la Unidad de Neonatologia del Hospital de Tigre, en la provincia de Buenos Aires, y se los cita posteriormente a un control kinesico mensual. Se utilizo como metodo de evaluacion las pautas o jalones madurativos correspondientes al bebe normal nacido a termino. Se registraron aquellos bebes, tanto prematuros como de termino, que mostraron atrasos en el desarrollo, ingresandolos a tratamiento de estimulacion motriz y se registro su evolucion. El tratamiento kinesico se baso en los metodos de neurodesarrollo (NDT) y en el metodo de facilitacion neuromuscular propioceptiva (FNP). Se observo un bajo porcentaje de concurrencia a las evaluaciones iniciales (17,51%) en relacion a las interconsultas realizadas en la Unidad de Neonatologia, como asi tambien se observo una gran cantidad de pacientes que abandonaron los controles (84%), por lo que los autores sugieren algunas propuestas de trabajo y servicio a fin de optimizar el seguimiento psicomotriz de los ninos. EnglishThe subject of this study was to do the follow up of the premature infants and the hight risk term babies that were born in the Tigre Hospital in 1999. The babies that have been evaluated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were seen in the out patient clinics. They were evaluated in their developmental gross motor skills every month during the first year of life. The purpose of these assessments was to detect any problems in the maturity of child and be able to realize an opportunity and early physical therapy intervention. Some babies showed problems in their developmental gross skills. They received physical therapy treatment and their progress was recorded. The neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and the propioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) methods were the basaments of the physical therapy intervention. The authors saw the difference between the patients that assisted at the clinics (17.51%) and those that have been saw in the NICU. The authors also found a big group of patients that left the controls (84%), so, they suggest differents ways of working in teams to performance this outcoming clinics.
Toolscape (2013)

Video tutorials on the web have gained popularity in various domains, but most video repositories are not designed to support the unique content and structure of how-to videos. Learners face difficulty in finding relevant videos and applying the skills embedded in a video clip. We introduce ToolScape, a video browsing interface with a storyboard summarization and an interactive timeline. It allows learners to quickly scan, filter, and review multiple videos without having to play them. Learners can also jump to or repeat a particular step within a clip by clicking interactive indices on the timeline. In a within-subjects study where participants engaged in end-to-end design tasks with ToolScape and a control interface based on YouTube, the participants using ToolScape rated their design work higher and showed a higher gain in self-efficacy. External raters ranked designs using ToolScape higher.
Antiviral activity of ovotransferrin discloses an evolutionary strategy for the defensive activities of lactoferrin (2002)

Ovotransferrin (formerly conalbumin) is an iron-binding protein present in birds. It belongs to the transferrin family and shows about 50% sequence homology with mammalian serum transferrin and lactoferrin. This protein has been demonstrated to be capable of delivering iron to cells and of inhibiting bacterial multiplication. However, no antiviral activity has been reported for ovotransferrin, although the antiviral activity of human and bovine lactoferrins against several viruses, including human herpes simplex viruses, has been well established. In this report, the antiviral activity of ovotransferrin towards chicken embryo fibroblast infection by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an avian herpesvirus, was clearly demonstrated. Ovotransferrin was more effective than human and bovine lactoferrins in inhibiting MDV infection and no correlation between antiviral efficacy and iron saturation was found. The observations reported here are of interest from an evolutionary point of view since it is likely that the defensive properties of transferrins appeared early in evolution. In birds, the defensive properties of ovotransferrin remained joined to iron transport functions; in mammals, iron transport functions became peculiar to serum transferrin, and the defensive properties towards infections were optimised in lactoferrin.
ESTÉTICA, COMUNIDADE E ESPORTE: AS AÇÕES DA CUFA COM O BASQUETE DE RUA E O FUTEBOL (2013)

Este trabalho focaliza o basquete a partir de duas questoesnorteadoras. A primeira compreende os contextos sincronicoe historico do basquete; a outra analisa os objetivos e acoesque mobilizaram a Central Unica das Favelas, com atencao nafundacao e sua trajetoria, do Street Basket das Favelas, em2005, a competicao Taca das Favelas, em 2011, considerando odesenvolvimento do projeto em territorios pacificados e naopacificados. O estudo aponta para o carater elitista do basquetebol,visto que no Brasil iniciou-se por intermedio de instituicoes que secaracterizavam como pertencentes a elite. Os idearios higienista eeugenista estiveram presentes na introducao dos esportes no pais,principalmente, como um savoir faire, um estilo de vida. Nessecontexto o racismo e evidenciado quando, principalmente osnegros se viram impossibilitados de praticar o basquetebol, pois,diferentemente do futebol, nao havia espacos fora das associacoes,clubes e colegios da elite. O trabalho destaca a questao de genero,pois os registros iniciais apontam a nao adaptacao dos homens aoesporte, com alegacao de falta de agressividade, restricoes ao usoda forca e contato fisico a delicadeza do gesto do arremesso. Asprimeiras publicacoes sobre o basquetebol no Brasil indicam queforam dedicadas exclusivamente as mulheres. O estudo enfatiza acultura hiphop no basquetebol, e a importância da Central Unicade Favelas (CUFA), instituicao nascida na periferia do Rio de Janeiroque tem no hiphop sua principal forma de expressao. Nao obstante,em 2011 A CUFA Lancou a Taca das Favelas, uma competicao defutebol de campo entre 80 selecoes, com jovens moradores dasfavelas do Rio de Janeiro com o objetivo de integrar esses jovens pormeio do esporte e, descobrir talentos para a pratica, considerandoque os grandes genios do futebol mundial vem exatamente dessesterritorios. Resta saber, se a CUFA mantera suas atividades na areado basquete de rua ou investira seus esforcos no futebol.
Rescue of Notch-1 Signaling in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Overcomes Tumor-Induced T-cell Suppression and Enhances Immunotherapy in Cancer (2014)

An impaired antitumor immunity is found in patients with cancer and represents a major obstacle in the successful development of different forms of immunotherapy. Signaling through Notch receptors regulates the differentiation and function of many cell types, including immune cells. However, the effect of Notch in CD8(+) T-cell responses in tumors remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of Notch signaling in CD8(+) T cells in the induction of tumor-induced suppression. Our results using conditional knockout mice show that Notch-1 and Notch-2 were critical for the proliferation and IFNγ production of activated CD8(+) T cells and were significantly decreased in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Conditional transgenic expression of Notch-1 intracellular domain (N1IC) in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells did not affect activation or proliferation of CD8(+) T cells, but induced a central memory phenotype and increased cytotoxicity effects and granzyme B levels. Consequently, a higher antitumor response and resistance to tumor-induced tolerance were found after adoptive transfer of N1IC-transgenic CD8(+) T cells into tumor-bearing mice. Additional results showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) blocked the expression of Notch-1 and Notch-2 in T cells through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Interestingly, N1IC overexpression rendered CD8(+) T cells resistant to the tolerogenic effect induced by MDSC in vivo. Together, the results suggest the key role of Notch in the suppression of CD8(+) T-cell responses in tumors and the therapeutic potential of N1IC in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells to reverse T-cell suppression and increase the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies in cancer.
Renewable benzoxazine monomer from Vanillin: Synthesis, characterization, and studies on curing behavior (2013)

A novel renewable based benzoxazine, 3‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)−8‐methoxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine‐6‐formyl (Va‐Bz), has been synthesized from a lignin derived chemical “vanillin” without solvents. Poly (Va‐Bz) has high Tg and excellent thermal and adhesive properties. A mechanism of cross‐linking, due to electrophilic substitution at furan and decarboxylation of carboxylic group of benzene ring, is suggested. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 7–11
Anterior-posterior strain variation in normally hydrated and swollen rabbit cornea. (1998)

Bending was found to play a significant role in central corneal deformation of swollen eyes but not in the normal hydration state. Microscopic strain measurements of the cornea, using a laser-scanning confocal microscope, are a valuable tool for the assessment of regional nonhomogeneous strains in various depths and locations of the cornea.
Operating systems latency measurement and analysis for sound synthesis and processing applications (1997)

There is increasing interest in using personal and workstation computer platforms for reactive sound synthesis and processing applications.Much experimentation and tuning is required with each operating system and hardware platform to achieve acceptable real-time performance for such applications.Tools to measure I/O latencies are critical for this tuning process.This paper introduces an affordable hardwareoriented measuring system.