gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative temporal reasoning about vague events (2007)

The temporal boundaries of many real–world events are inherently vague. In this paper, we discuss the problem of qualitative temporal reasoning about such vague events. We show that several interesting reasoning tasks, such as checking satisfiability, checking entailment, and calculating the best truth value bound, can be reduced to reasoning tasks in a well–known point algebra with disjunctions. Furthermore, we identify a maximal tractable subset of qualitative relations to support efficient reasoning. 1
Dielectric Measurements of Common Polymers at Millimeter Wavelength (2005)

Complex refractive index and Complex dielectric permittivity and loss tangent data for polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4 methyl pentene-1 (TPX) and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) are presented over the frequency range 40-300 GHz. All of these non-polar polymers are extremely low loss material. Like the microwave region, polyethylene demonstrates exceptionally low loss characteristic in the entire millimeter wave region. Polar polymers such as Nylon and plexiglass exhibit much higher absorption (nearly an order of magnitude higher) loss compared to non-polar polymers.
TNF-α impairs heart and skeletal muscle protein synthesis by altering translation initiation (2002)

This study examined potential mechanisms contributing to the inhibition of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and heart after administration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Rats had vascular catheters implanted, and TNF-alpha was infused continuously for 24 h. TNF-alpha decreased in vivo-determined rates of global protein synthesis in gastrocnemius (39%) and heart (25%). The TNF-alpha-induced decrease in protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius involved a reduction in the synthesis of both myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. To identify potential mechanisms responsible for regulating mRNA translation, we examined several eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and elongation factors (eEFs). TNF-alpha decreased the activity of eIF-2B in muscle (39%) but not in heart. This diminished activity was not caused by a reduction in the content of eIF-2B epsilon or the content and phosphorylation state of eIF-2 alpha. Skeletal muscle and heart from TNF-alpha-treated rats demonstrated 1) an increased binding of the translation repressor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) with eIF-4E, 2) a decreased amount of eIF-4E associated with eIF-4G, and 3) a decreased content of the hyperphosphorylated gamma-form of 4E-BP1. In contrast, the infusion of TNF-alpha did not alter the content of eEF-1 alpha or eEF-2, or the phosphorylation state of eEF-2. In summary, these data suggest that TNF-alpha impairs skeletal muscle and heart protein synthesis, at least in part, by decreasing mRNA translational efficiency resulting from an impairment in translation initiation associated with alterations in eIF-4E availability.
Size-dependent control of colloid transport via solute gradients in dead-end channels (2015)

Transport of colloids in dead-end channels is involved in widespread applications including drug delivery and underground oil and gas recovery. In such geometries, Brownian motion may be considered as the sole mechanism that enables transport of colloidal particles into or out of the channels, but it is, unfortunately, an extremely inefficient transport mechanism for microscale particles. Here, we explore the possibility of diffusiophoresis as a means to control the colloid transport in dead-end channels by introducing a solute gradient. We demonstrate that the transport of colloidal particles into the dead-end channels can be either enhanced or completely prevented via diffusiophoresis. In addition, we show that size-dependent diffusiophoretic transport of particles can be achieved by considering a finite Debye layer thickness effect, which is commonly ignored. A combination of diffusiophoresis and Brownian motion leads to a strong size-dependent focusing effect such that the larger particles tend to concentrate more and reside deeper in the channel. Our findings have implications for all manners of controlled release processes, especially for site-specific delivery systems where localized targeting of particles with minimal dispersion to the nontarget area is essential.
Yield and cost estimation for a CAM based parallel processor (2002)

A comprehensive model is developed to estimate yield values for an associative string processor (ASP) chip which is populated with content addressable memory (CAM). The yield model comprises analysis of row and column redundancy strategies for the CAM combined with floor planning of the processor architecture. At the end, a cost model is developed, based on some actual fabrication costs, in order to optimise the processor according to a suitable figure of merit.
Atom chips (2005)

Summary form only given. We report on the experimental realisation of traps and guides for neutral atoms on a nanofabricated chip. Our main results are: (a) Trap parameters with a transverse ground state size below 100 nm and frequencies of above 100 kHz (as required by QIP proposals) have been achieved. (b) We could trap and guide atoms exclusively with the fields created on the chip. (c) We have shown that a wide variety of magnetic potentials may be realised, such as quadrupole fields for a MOT, 3D minima for trapping, 2D minima for guiding, and beam splitters. (d) It has been shown that standard nanofabrication techniques and materials may he utilised to build these atom chips. The wires on the surface can stand sufficiently high current densities in vacuum and at room temperature.
6-Shogaol induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through a process involving caspase-mediated cleavage of eIF2α (2013)

The potent anti-leukemia activity of 6-shogaol found both in vitro and in vivo in our study make this compound a potential anti-tumor agent for hematologic malignancies.
The Release of Extracellular Enzymes from Yeast by "Osmotic Shock" (1971)

A procedure for subjecting cells of Saccharomyces chevalieri to “osmotic shock” is described. Exponentially growing yeast cells are first suspended in a concentrated solution of mannitol plus EDTA, 2-mercaptoethanol and Tris. After this high osmotic treatment, the cells collected by centri-fugation are suddenly resuspended in a solution of MgCl2 of low osmotic strength. This treatment causes the rapid and specific release of extracellular enzymes from yeast cells, namely: invertase, a Co2+ activated 5′-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline pyrophosphatase. Also, the capacity to accumulate l-proline is greatly diminished. At the same time, some material absorbing at 260 nm and 7% of the cell wall protein are released into the shock medium. Alkaline pyrophosphatase and 5′-nucleotidase are described for the first time as extracellular enzymes for yeast. Intracellular yeast enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and cytochrome-c oxidase remain within the cell after “osmotic shock”. The viability of yeast cells in 80% after being subjected to the “osmotic shock” procedure. Examination of yeast cells in the electron microscope shows that a hairy-like structure in the external portion of the cell wall is practically lost after the osmotic shock treatment. No other difference between shocked and unshocked cells can be visualized.
Ionic binding in pressure‐sensitive adhesive polymers (1968)

Abstract Ionic binding is affected in pressure‐sensitive acrylate‐based copolymers containing carboxylic groups by introduction of Na ions. The tack and peel force of pressuresensitive polymers decreased and the resistance to creep increased with increasing degree of ionic binding. An infrared spectroscopic method for the assay of sodium content has been developed based on the ratio of absorbances at 5.75 and 6.28 μ due to ester carboxyl and ionized carboxyl, respectively.
Stress‐activated signalling pathways in yeast (1998)

Eukaryotic cells have developed response mechanisms to combat the harmful effects of a variety of stress conditions. In the majority of cases, such responses involve changes in the gene expression pattern of the cell, leading to increased levels and activities of proteins that have stress-protective functions. Over the last few years, considerable progress has been made in understanding how stress-dependent transcriptional changes are brought about, and it transpires that the underlying mechanisms are highly conserved, being similar in organisms ranging from yeast to man. Many of the stress signals derive from the extracellular environment and accordingly these signals require transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. This is accomplished through stress-activated signalling pathways, key amongst which are the highly conserved stress-activated MAP kinase pathways. Stimulation of these pathways leads to the increased activity of specific transcription factors and consequently the increased expression of certain stress-related genes. In this review, we focus on the progress that has been made in understanding these stress responses in yeast.
Studies on sea nettle stings (1968)

A reproducible technique for stinging guinea pigs with<i>Chrysaora quinquecirrha</i>has been described. A linear urticarial eruption which persists for approximately 24 hours appears within two to four hours. Motionless jellyfish tentacles must be in contact with the skin more than 15 seconds to produce an eruption. This interval can be shortened by moving the tentacle. The amount of petrolatum necessary to prevent the eruption was quantitated and appears to be inversely related to motion of the tentacle. The incorporation of strong base or polysorbate 20 at suprathreshold concentrations increased the blocking efficiency of petrolatum. Unfortunately, because the former agent produces irritation and the latter washes out of the ointment, these compounds are not acceptable blockers. A silicone containing form of stopcock grease was also an effective blocking agent, however, its use will be limited since it cannot be easily removed from the skin.
U-Tube Wells – Connecting Horizontal Wells End to End Case Study: Installation and Well Construction of the World's First U-Tube Well (2005)

Abstract Although wellbores have been intersected before — both through planned intersections for the purpose of well control and through unplanned wellbore collisions — they have not been intersected for the purpose of actually joining their wellpaths to effectively create one smooth continuous conduit from one surface location to another. There is just one exception: the very large conduit between England and France! The purpose of this paper is to review the planning and execution of what is believed to be the world's first planned successful joining of two such horizontal wells, with a slotted liner to casing connection in between them.
The LundADose Method for Planar Image Activity Quantification and Absorbed-Dose Assessment in Radionuclide Therapy (2005)

A new method for absorbed-dose assessment in radionuclide therapy is presented in this paper. The method is based on activity quantification by the conjugate-view methodology, applied to serial whole-body, anterior-posterior, scintillation-camera scans. The quantification method is an extension of previous studies, and includes separate corrections for attenuation, scatter, and overlapping organs. Further development has now been undertaken to take into account the capabilities of new dual-head camera systems with a built-in X-ray tube for anatomical imaging. Furthermore, the modeling of time-activity data is included, and dosimetric calculations based on the formalism by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) committee. To streamline absorbed-dose assessments for a large number of patient studies, the programs for quantification, image registration, and absorbed-dose calculations have been embedded in an envelop program termed LundADose, where calculations, to a great extent, are performed automatically. Evaluation of the whole-body activity quantification is performed for patients undergoing radioimmunotherapy by monoclonal antibodies labeled with (111)In or (90)Y.
Development and Learning Control of a Human Limb With a Rehabilitation Exoskeleton (2013)

This paper describes a novel development of a lower limber exoskeleton for physical assistance and rehabilitation. The developed exoskeleton is a motorized leg device having a total of 4 DOF with hip, knee, and ankle actuated in the sagittal plane. The exoskeleton applies forces and learns the impedance parameters of both robot and human. An adaptive control scheme by incorporating learning control approaches into the exoskeleton system is developed to help the leg movement on a desired periodic trajectory and handle periodic uncertainties with known periods. The proposed control approach does not require a muscle model and can be proven to yield asymptotic stability for a nonlinear muscle model and an exoskeleton model in the presence of bounded nonlinear disturbances (e.g., spasticity and fatigue). The performance of the controller is demonstrated through closed-loop experiments on human subjects. The experiments illustrate the ability of the exoskeleton to enable the leg shank to track single and multiple period trajectories with different periods and ranges of motion.
The aminopyrine breath test does not correlate with histologic disease severity in patients with cholestasis (1987)

To determine whether the aminopyrine breath test can be used to document the presence of cirrhosis in patients with cholestatic liver disease, 19 patients (13 primary biliary cirrhosis, 4 sclerosing cholangitis and 2 chronic extrahepatic bile duct obstruction) underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations, liver biopsies and an aminopyrine breath test. Results were compared with those in 10 patients with biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis with bridging and/or cirrhosis and in 22 healthy subjects. The aminopyrine breath test results in the 10 cholestatic patients with cirrhosis were not significantly different from the results in precirrhotic cholestatic patients (mean +/- S.D., 11.2 +/- 5.0 vs. 11.6 +/- 2.8% dose per 2 hr, p greater than 0.05) or healthy subjects (11.5 +/- 2.9% dose per 2 hr). In contrast, the results in the patients with chronic hepatitis were markedly depressed (3.2 +/- 1.9% dose per 2 hr, p less than 0.05). The aminopyrine breath test results did not correlate with results of conventional liver function tests in the cholestatic patients. These results demonstrate that the aminopyrine breath test is not clinically useful in identifying the presence of cirrhosis in patients with cholestatic liver disease, and provide further evidence that decreased microsomal enzyme function is a late feature of cholestatic liver disease.
Are NV-memories non-volatile? (2002)

Some results from qualification test procedures on 64 k (4 designs) and 256 k (4 designs) EEPROM as well as 1 M (4 designs) flash memories are presented. Electrical characterization, various environmental tests, and reliability tests on up to about 220 devices per design were performed. Different defect and failed devices were detected and failure analysis (whenever possible) was accomplished. The results indicate enhancements of the quality and reliability of newer NV-memory generations but the levels of other standard memories (DRAM, SRAM) are not reached yet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Local lifetime control in silicon power diode by ion irradiation: introduction and stability of shallow donors (2007)

Enhanced formation of shallow donors (SDs) in hydrogen or helium-irradiated and subsequently annealed float‐zone n-type silicon is investigated. Ion energies, irradiation fluences and annealing temperatures were chosen in ranges typically used for local lifetime control in silicon power devices. Introduced radiation defects and SDs were investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy and C–V profiling. Results show that radiation damage produced by helium ions remarkably enhances formation of thermal donors (TDs) when the annealing temperature exceeds 375°C, i.e. when the majority of vacancy-related recombination centres anneal out. Proton irradiation introduces hydrogen donors (HDs) which form a Gaussian peak at the proton end-of-range. Their concentration linearly increases with proton fluence and changes dramatically during post-irradiation annealing between 100 and 200°C since HD constituents are reacting with radiation damage. Their annealing in this temperature range is influenced by the electric field. If annealing temperature exceeds 400°C, HDs disappear and the excessive shallow doping is caused, as in the case of helium irradiation, by TDs enhanced by radiation damage. Shallow doping introduced by both hydrogen and helium can have a detrimental influence on blocking voltage of power diodes if high irradiation fluences or wrong annealing conditions are chosen.
Sensitivity analysis of rare-event splitting applied to cascading blackout models (2013)

Splitting is a technique that can be used to improve the efficiency in simulating rare events. The basic idea is to create separate copies (splits) of the simulation whenever it gets close to the rare event. To implement splitting, several decisions must be made -- for example, choosing a level function, choosing the number of simulation runs for each level, etc. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of the variance of the rare-event estimator to several parameters used within the splitting framework. We specifically consider a two-level fixed-effort variation of splitting for which analytic results can be derived. Results are applied to a simple model of cascading blackouts. The results illustrate that a good choice for the locations of levels may be more important than a good choice for the importance function for these types of problems.
A novel control strategy for stand-alone operation of a wind dominated RAPS system (2011)

This paper presents a novel control strategy for a high penetrated wind based hybrid Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system. The proposed RAPS system consists of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine and a battery energy storage system with a dump load for DC bus voltage control and a diesel generator as a back-up supply. An integrated control approach based on active and reactive power balance of the proposed RAPS system has been proposed and developed with a view to regulate the voltage and frequency within an acceptable bandwidth. The proposed integrated control algorithm is implemented by developing controller for the individual system components in the RAPS system including wind energy conversion system, diesel generator, battery storage and dump load while coordinating their responses to achieve optimal operation. The optimised operation for the proposed RAPS system is realised by operating the wind turbine generator on its maximum power extraction mode while restricting the operation of diesel generating system at low-load conditions. In addition to the detailed model, which associated with non-linear high order characteristic of each system components, a linearlised model of the RAPS system is presented with a view to compare the active power sharing among the system components. The suitability of the proposed control strategy has been tested under varying system conditions including fluctuating wind and variable load.
Gr‐1 antibody induces STAT signaling, macrophage marker expression and abrogation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cell activity in BM cells (2009)

The Gr-1 (RB6-8C5) Ab binds with high affinity to mouse Ly-6G molecules and to a lower extent to Ly-6C and has been widely used for cell depletion in infected or tumor-bearing mice. Here we found that Gr-1 treatment of BM cells in vitro and in vivo showed no depleting effects. The epitope recognized by the Gr-1 Ab overlapped with Ly-6G (1A8 Ab) but not Ly-6C (ER-MP20 Ab). In vitro the Gr-1 Ab transmitted signals via STAT-1, STAT-3 and STAT-5 into BM cells, similar to GM-CSF. In healthy mice injected with the Gr-1 Ab, the Ab remained attached to the surface of myeloid cells for at least four days. Gr-1 Ab induced myeloid cell expansion, upregulation of macrophage markers, but not the DC marker CD11c. Suppressor activity of two distinct Gr-1(high) and Gr-1(low) expressing BM-myeloid-derived suppressor cell subsets was transiently ablated by Gr-1 Ab injection. Depleting effects of Gr-1 Ab could only be observed on inflammatory Ly-6C(int)Ly-6G(high) neutrophils from the peritoneal cavity, which occurred via apoptosis and was associated with the absence of Mcl-1 expression. Together, Gr-1 Ab induces signals leading to myelopoiesis and affects myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity, suggesting functional roles for Ly-6C/G molecules in macrophage differentiation and neutrophil apoptosis.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Airflow Inside an A250 Diffuser Tube (2012)

The diffuser tube of the Allison 250 gas turbine has been investigated in this paper. It consists of a diverging conical section that transitions into a constant diameter S-shaped tube, and connects the exit of the compressor to the inlet of the combustion chamber. The shear stress transport model (SST) in ANSYS-CFX has been used for the numerical prediction of the flow and an experimental rig was built in order to collect data in four directions and at three stations along the diffuser tube. The calculated results perfectly matched the experimental data. The development of the stream-wise velocity profile, the velocity contours at different stream-wise stations, and the friction and pressure coefficients were calculated and discussed. A secondary flow in the plane of the cross-section has thus been evidenced, and resulted in a shift towards the outer wall of the first bend of the region of the flow where the velocity is greatest. It has also been shown that the friction coefficient decreased as the Reynolds number was increased, while the opposite trend was observed for the pressure coefficients. The effect of the inlet turbulence intensity on the main flow features was generally small.
Optical guiding properties of high-brightness parabolic bow-tie laser arrays (2005)

This paper presents the characteristics of parabolic bow-tie laser arrays (PBTLAs) which are a novel category of laser diodes specially designed to achieve high power with high brightness at 980 nm. Output powers in excess of 2.8 W/facet have been measured from five-element PBTLAs with output beam less than twice the diffraction limit, achieving high brightness of 275 MWcm/sup -2/srad/sup -1/ at 3 A (pulsed) injection current (=22 times the threshold). Changes in the achievable brightness due to changes in the optical cavity geometry and in the lateral optical guiding strength are discussed in detail, using the coupled-mode theory to interpret the experimental results. At threshold all devices operate in the highest (double lobed) array mode. At higher currents the arrays of tapered lasers change to quasi-in-phase operation when the modal gain of the fundamental array mode dominates because of the combined effect of carrier hole burning and spatial filtering from the narrow stripe central section of the device. Similar trends have been observed under continuous-wave operation. The reduction of lateral optical guiding strength is deleterious for the operational characteristics of PBTLAs and linear bow-tie arrays, and it leads to filamentation in gain-guided devices even at low currents. Theoretical results presented in this paper show that scalability is in principle possible; however, changes in the lateral gain profile due to hole-burning can significantly increase the modal gain of higher order modes and, therefore, strongly influence the optical output profile.
SSSP ― simulation of single-sludge processes (1988)

Utilisation d'un microordinateur en vue de simuler et d'evaluer les performances d'une station d'epuration utilisant le procede des boues activees (oxydation, nitrification et denitrification)