gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replicating Kernels with a Short Stride Allows Sparse Reconstructions\n with Fewer Independent Kernels (2014)

In sparse coding it is common to tile an image into nonoverlapping patches,\nand then use a dictionary to create a sparse representation of each tile\nindependently. In this situation, the overcompleteness of the dictionary is the\nnumber of dictionary elements divided by the patch size. In deconvolutional\nneural networks (DCNs), dictionaries learned on nonoverlapping tiles are\nreplaced by a family of convolution kernels. Hence adjacent points in the\nfeature maps (V1 layers) have receptive fields in the image that are\ntranslations of each other. The translational distance is determined by the\ndimensions of V1 in comparison to the dimensions of the image space. We refer\nto this translational distance as the stride.\n We implement a type of DCN using a modified Locally Competitive Algorithm\n(LCA) to investigate the relationship between the number of kernels, the\nstride, the receptive field size, and the quality of reconstruction. We find,\nfor example, that for 16x16-pixel receptive fields, using eight kernels and a\nstride of 2 leads to sparse reconstructions of comparable quality as using 512\nkernels and a stride of 16 (the nonoverlapping case). We also find that for a\ngiven stride and number of kernels, the patch size does not significantly\naffect reconstruction quality. Instead, the learned convolution kernels have a\nnatural support radius independent of the patch size.\n
A Bayesian method for discriminative context-dependent fusion of GPR-based detection algorithms (2012)

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a very useful technology for buried threat detection applications which is capable of identifying both metallic and non-metallic objects with moderate false alarm rates. Several pattern classication algorithms have been proposed and evaluated which enable GPR systems to achieve robust per- formance. However, comparisons of these algorithms have shown that their relative performance varies with respect to the environmental context under which the GPR is operating. Context-dependent fusion has been proposed as a technique for algorithm fusion and has been shown to improve performance by exploiting the dierences in algorithm performance under dierent environmental and operating conditions. Early approaches to context-dependent fusion clustered observations in the joint condence space of all algorithms and applied fusion rules within each cluster (i.e., discriminative learning). Later approaches exploited physics-based fea- tures extracted from the background data to leverage more environmental information, but decoupled context learning from algorithm fusion (i.e., generative learning). In this work, a Bayesian inference technique which combines the generative and discriminative approaches is proposed for physics-based context-dependent fusion of detection algorithms for GPR. The method uses a Dirichlet process (DP) mixture as a model for context, and relevance vector machines (RVMs) as models for algorithm fusion. Variational Bayes is used as an approximate inference technique for joint learning of the context and fusion models. Experimental results compare the pro- posed Bayesian discriminative technique to generative techniques developed in past work by investigating the similarities and dierences in the contexts learned as well as overall detection performance.
Characterization of a Conjugate between Rose Bengal and Chitosan for Targeted Antibiofilm and Tissue Stabilization Effects as a Potential Treatment of Infected Dentin (2012)

Bacterial biofilms and dentin structural changes are some of the major challenges in the management of infected dentin tissue. This study characterized a photosensitizer-conjugated chitosan with enhanced photodynamic efficacy against dental biofilms, as well as the ability to reinforce the postinfected dentin matrix in order to improve its mechanical and chemical stability. Rose Bengal-conjugated chitosan (CSRB) was synthesized using a chemical cross-linking method and characterized for photophysical, photobiological, and cytotoxicity properties. Its potential as an antibacterial and matrix-reinforcing agent on dentin collagen was also evaluated. Enterococcus faecalis as planktonic and in vitro biofilms was treated with CSRB and photodynamically activated with 5 to 60 J/cm(2) green light. Dentin collagen was used for the CSRB cross-linking experiments and evaluated for chemical changes, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and mechanical properties. CSRB was a photosensitizer with efficient singlet oxygen yield. In vitro photoactivation gave higher fibroblast cell survival than did RB alone. CSRB showed significant antibiofilm photoinactivation (P < 0.01). The CSRB-cross-linked dentin collagen showed higher resistance to collagenase degradation and superior mechanical properties (P < 0.05). In summary, the photoactivated CSRB particles synthesized in this study may be a synergistic multifunctional treatment approach with lower cytotoxicity and effective antibiofilm activity as well as the ability to reinforce the dentin collagen to enhance resistance to degradation and improve mechanical properties. This may be a targeted treatment strategy to deal with infected dentin hard tissues in a clinical scenario, where both disinfection and structural integrity need to be addressed concomitantly.
Photophysical properties of sixty atom carbon molecule (C60) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical properties of sixty atom carbon molecule (C60)James W. Arbogast, Aleksander P. Darmanyan, Christopher S. Foote, F. N. Diederich, R. L. Whetten, Y. Rubin, Marcos M. Alvarez, and Samir J. AnzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 1, 11–12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100154a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100154a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4324Altmetric-Citations1083LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Polypostors (2008)

Various methods have been proposed to animate and render large crowds of humans in real time for applications such as games and interactive walkthroughs. Recent methods have been developed to render large numbers of pre-computed image-based human representations (Impostors) by exploiting commodity graphics hardware, thus achieving very high frame-rates while maintaining visual fidelity. Unfortunately, these images consume a lot of texture memory, no in-betweening is possible, and the variety of animations that can be shown is severely restricted. This paper proposes an alternative method that significantly improves upon pre-computed impostors: automatically generated 2D polygonal characters (or Polypostors). When compared with image-based crowd rendering systems, Polypostors exhibit a similarly high level of rendering efficiency and visual fidelity, with considerably lower memory requirements (up to a factor of 30 in our test cases). Furthermore, Polypostors enable simple in-betweening and can thus deliver a greater variety of animations at any required level of smoothness with almost no overhead.
Placental Pathology of the Pregnant Mouse Inoculated with<i>Brucella abortus</i>Strain 2308 (1993)

Fifty-five pregnant BALB/c mice received various doses of Brucella abortus virulent strain 2308 intraperitoneally on day 9 of gestation, and uteri and spleens were examined at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post-inoculation to study the pathogenesis of infection. A dose of 10(5.7) B. abortus organisms produced a severe, necrosuppurative placentitis. Bacteria multiplied preferentially within the placenta and were identified within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of trophoblast giant cells and within the visceral yolk sac endoderm. Abortions did not occur, but infarction of the labyrinth region of severely affected placentas occasionally resulted in fetal death. The severity of infection in the spleens of nonpregnant mice receiving the same challenge dose was not significantly different from that in the spleens of challenged pregnant mice. These results suggest that the sensitivity of the pregnant mouse to placental brucellosis is not due to a generalized immunosuppression but rather may involve a combination of local suppression of the immune response and a susceptible cell population suitable for Brucella colonization and replication. Experimental murine brucellosis resembles ruminant brucellosis and provides a model to study the intracellular replication of B. abortus in trophoblasts.
Genomic Variant in IL-37 Confers A Significant Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (2017)

The interleukin 1 family plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory responses. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. However, the genetic association between IL-37, the seventh member of the IL-1 family, and CAD is unknown. Here we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL-37 gene (rs3811047) confers a significant risk of CAD. We have performed an association analysis between rs3811047 and CAD in two independent populations with 2,501 patients and 3,116 controls from China. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis has been performed to determine if the IL-37 expression level is influenced by rs3811047. We show that the minor allele A of rs3811047 is significantly associated with CAD in two independent populations under a recessive model (P<sub>adj</sub> = 5.51 × 10<sup>-3</sup>/OR = 1.56 in the GeneID Northernern population and P<sub>adj</sub> = 1.23 × 10<sup>-3</sup>/OR = 1.45 in the GeneID Central population). The association became more significant in the combined population (P<sub>adj</sub> = 9.70 × 10<sup>-6</sup>/OR = 1.47). Moreover, the association remains significant in a CAD case control population matched for age and sex. Allele A of rs3811047 shows significant association with a decreased mRNA expression level of IL-37 (n = 168, P = 3.78 × 10<sup>-4</sup>). These data suggest that IL37 is a new susceptibility gene for CAD, which provides a potential target for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
A third ADP/ATP translocator gene in yeast. (1990)

The op1 mutation in yeast is known to be due to a defect in the mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocator. Sequencing of the gene AAC2 revealed that the mutation resulted from a single base change that caused a replacement of arginine 97 by a histidine. The gene encoding AAC2 was also cloned and sequenced from an op1 revertant capable of growth on glycerol as a sole carbon source. Sequence analysis indicates that the reverted gene underwent rearrangement in which a portion of an unknown gene was used to repair the mutation. An oligonucleotide complementary to this insert was used to clone a previously unrecognized gene encoding ADP/ATP translocator in yeast. The newly discovered gene, AAC3, is homologous with the previously known genes AAC1 and AAC2. Gene disruption experiments suggest that AAC2 encodes the majority of the translocator. Expression of AAC1 and AAC2 required derepressed conditions whereas expression of AAC3 occurred almost exclusively under anaerobic conditions. Both the op1 mutant and the strain that contains an interrupted AAC2 were able to grow under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that AAC3 can replace the gene product of AAC2. Indeed, when cloned into multicopy plasmid, AAC3 was able to replace the disrupted AAC2 in the JLY-73 strain. The concomitant disruption of the AAC2 and AAC3, however, results in arrest of cell growth under conditions of low oxygen tension. The discovery of a third gene encoding ADP/ATP translocator helps to clarify certain characteristics of op1 mutants which could not be resolved in the past.
Protective Immunity against Secondary Poxvirus Infection Is Dependent on Antibody but Not on CD4 or CD8 T-Cell Function (2006)

Renewed interest in smallpox and the need for safer vaccines have highlighted our lack of understanding of the requirements for protective immunity. Since smallpox has been eradicated, surrogate animal models of closely related orthopoxviruses, such as ectromelia virus, have been used to establish critical roles for CD8 T cells in the control of primary infection. To study the requirements for protection against secondary infection, we have used a prime-challenge regime, in which avirulent ectromelia virus was used to prime mice that were then challenged with virulent ectromelia virus. In contrast to primary infection, T cells are not required for recovery from secondary infection, since gene knockout mice deficient in CD8 T-cell function and wild-type mice acutely depleted of CD4, CD8, or both subsets were fully protected. Protection correlated with effective virus control and generation of neutralizing antibody. Notably, primed mice that lacked B cells, major histocompatibility complex class II, or CD40 succumbed to secondary infection. Thus, antibody is essential, but CD4 or CD8 T cells are not required for recovery from secondary poxvirus infection.
A Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Mutant with 234 Amino Acids in Capsid Protein Showed More Virulence In Vivo, Compared with Classical PCV2a/b Strain (2012)

This is believed to be the first report to confirm the enhanced virulence of the newly emerging PCV2 mutant in vivo.
MCTest: A Challenge Dataset for the Open-Domain Machine Comprehension of Text (2013)

We present MCTest, a freely available set of stories and associated questions intended for research on the machine comprehension of text.Previous work on machine comprehension (e.g., semantic modeling) has made great strides, but primarily focuses either on limited-domain datasets, or on solving a more restricted goal (e.g., open-domain relation extraction).In contrast, MCTest requires machines to answer multiple-choice reading comprehension questions about fictional stories, directly tackling the high-level goal of open-domain machine comprehension.Reading comprehension can test advanced abilities such as causal reasoning and understanding the world, yet, by being multiple-choice, still provide a clear metric.By being fictional, the answer typically can be found only in the story itself.The stories and questions are also carefully limited to those a young child would understand, reducing the world knowledge that is required for the task.We present the scalable crowd-sourcing methods that allow us to cheaply construct a dataset of 500 stories and 2000 questions.By screening workers (with grammar tests) and stories (with grading), we have ensured that the data is the same quality as another set that we manually edited, but at one tenth the editing cost.By being open-domain, yet carefully restricted, we hope MCTest will serve to encourage research and provide a clear metric for advancement on the machine comprehension of text.
Room-temperature operation of a multiwatt Tm:YAG laser pumped by a 1-µm Nd:YAG laser (2000)

We present what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a 4.7-W cw Tm:YAG. This proof-of-principle experiment clearly demonstrates the possibility of using a pump absorption that is 2 orders of magnitude (~0.0078 cm(-1)) less than that of the conventional pump absorption (typically >1 cm(-1)). This Tm:YAG laser is pumped intracavity within a Nd:YAG laser for multiple-pass absorption. The maximum conversion efficiency of 2.02 mum is 20%, with a slope efficiency of 35% with respect to the absorbed 1.064-mum power.
Active Efflux of Organic Solvents by <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> S12 Is Induced by Solvents (1998)

Induction of the membrane-associated organic solvent efflux system SrpABC of Pseudomonas putida S12 was examined by cloning a 312-bp DNA fragment, containing the srp promoter, in the broad-host-range reporter vector pKRZ-1. Compounds that are capable of inducing expression of the srpABC genes include aromatic and aliphatic solvents and alcohols. General stress conditions such as pH, temperature, NaCl, or the presence of organic acids did not induce srp transcription. Although the solvent efflux pump in P. putida S12 is a member of the resistance-nodulation-cell division family of transporters, the srpABC genes were not induced by antibiotics or heavy metals.
Correlating Return-Band Impulsive Noise Measurements from Houses with Sheath Current Induction Test Results (1999)

Sheath current induction is a method for finding shield breaks in coaxial cable by inducing a broadband test current onto the shield and receiving a center conductor signal when there is a shield break. This test method allows the range to a shield break to be measured, as well as a measure of the severity of the break. This paper correlates the sheath current induction test results for a house with the house’s ability to generate impulsive interference with digital upstream traffic. The test method is to first create a known shield break at the ground block and characterize the break by the sheath current induction test. Next, impulsive interference
Development of Laser Lift-off Process with a GaN/Al0.7Ga0.3N Strained-Layer Superlattice for Vertical UVC LED Fabrication (2017)

A laser lift-off (LLO) process with a GaN/Al0.7Ga0.3N strained-layer superlattice was newly developed for use in the fabrication of a vertical UVC LED without the use of UVC incompatible materials such as epoxy to suppress cracking. Since the UVC-LED epitaxial structures grown by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy contain AlGaN layers with high Al contents, it is often grown on an AlN buffer layer. In blue LEDs, GaN buffer layers are used for growth. However, GaN-based films often present a problem for UVC growth, resulting in cracking caused by lattice mismatch.nbsp AlN layers are transparent to UV lasers utilized in the LLO process and thus making lift-off of the sapphire substrate very challenging. This GaN/Al0.7Ga0.3N strained layer superlattice was employed to absorb the UV laser during the LLO process and suppress the dislocations climbing to the UVC-LED epitaxial structure grown on this layer allowing for a highly uniform and crack-free surface. UVC-LED structures were grown utilizing a GaN/Al0.7Ga0.3N strained layer superlattice inside a horizontal flow metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy reactor. Copper substrates were then deposited onto the back surface of the wafers. LLO was achieved by employing a laser fluence of 1 J/cm2 from a 248 nm excimer laser through the sapphire substrate. Successful LLO of a 2rdquo sapphire substrate was attained without any cracking introduced when using this process. No deterioration of crystal quality in UVC-LED epitaxial structure such as dislocations and intermixing of atoms by LLO was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
Attachment of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> to Stainless Steel Surfaces at Various Temperatures and pH Values (1988)

ABSTRACT The attachment of Listeria monocytogenes isolates Scott A and Jalisco Cheese to stainless steel surfaces at 35°, 21°, and 10°C was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cells were found to adhere at all three temperatures, but cells with fibrils were observed only at 21°C. When grown at pH 8, the attachment matrix was more prevalent at 21°C than at 35°C and may also be related to the length of incubation time at 21°C. It appears that adherence may be related to the flagella and any exopolymer surrounding the cells.
The Role of Tris in EDTA Toxicity and Lysozyme Lysis (1967)

SUMMARY Tris and EDTA combined to form a homologue which has far greater chelating ability than EDTA alone. The weaker serine and NH4Cl homo-logues of EDTA replaced EDTA + tris in causing toxicity and permitting lysozyme lysis in Azotobacter vinelandii. Serine could effectively substitute for tris in these systems for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These compounds had relatively little effect on Escherichia coli. The toxicity of EDTA + tris for these organisms could be alleviated by pre-incubation in physiological saline (0–15 M-NaCl). Subsequent lysozyme lysis was prevented by this treatment. The removal of metals from A. vinelandii cysts by EDTA + tris was also inhibited. The EDTA + tris + metallo chelate complexes were inactivated (dissociated) by saline.
Intra-task voltage scheduling on DVS-enabled hard real-time systems (2005)

This paper proposes a novel intra-task dynamic voltage scheduling (IntraDVS) framework for low-energy hard real-time applications. Based on a static timing analysis technique, the proposed approach controls the supply voltage within an individual task boundary. By fully exploiting all the slack times, a scheduled program by the proposed technique always completes its execution near the deadline, thus achieving a high energy reduction ratio. The problem formulation of IntraDVS is first presented and two heuristics are proposed: one based on worst-case execution information and the other on average-case execution information. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed heuristics, a software tool that automatically converts a DVS-unaware program into an equivalent low-energy program was built. In an experiment on a DVS-enabled system, the low-energy version of a Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG)-4 encoder/decoder consumed only 35%-51% of the energy consumption of the original program running on a fixed-voltage system with a power-down mode. The energy efficiency of the IntraDVS algorithms was also compared with that of task-level voltage scheduling algorithms. The experimental results show that the IntraDVS algorithm can be useful in multitask environments as well.
Recent Advancements in Flexible and Stretchable Electrodes for Electromechanical Sensors: Strategies, Materials, and Features (2017)

Stretchable and flexible sensors attached onto the surface of the human body can perceive external stimuli, thus attracting extensive attention due to their lightweight, low modulus, low cost, high flexibility, and stretchability. Recently, a myriad of efforts have been devoted to improving the performance and functionality of wearable sensors. Herein, this review focuses on recent remarkable advancements in the development of flexible and stretchable sensors. Multifunction of these wearable sensors is realized by incorporating some desired features (e.g., self-healing, self-powering, linearity, and printing). Next, focusing on the characteristics of carbon nanomaterials, nanostructured metal, conductive polymer, or their hybrid composites, two major strategies (e.g., materials that stretch and structures that stretch) and diverse design approaches have been developed to achieve highly flexible and stretchable electrodes. Strain sensing performances of recently reported sensors indicate that the appropriate choice of geometric engineering as well as intrinsically stretchable materials is essential for high-performance strain sensing. Finally, some important directions and challenges of a fully sensor-integrated wearable platform are proposed to realize their potential applications for human motion monitoring and human-machine interfaces.