gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Carbon-Activity Meter for High-Temperature Sodium (1974)

A metering system has been devised and tested which utilizes a solid-electrolyte oxygen-activity meter to measure the carbon activity in high-temperature sodium. The activity of the carbon is related to the activity of oxygen by the reactionsGood agreement was obtained between actual calibration points and values calculated from thermodynamic considerations.
Understanding systematic and random CD variations using predictive modeling techniques (1999)

This work analyzes the contributions to CD variation by building 3 predictive models that describe linewidth variation. The first model uses an exposure and focus budget analysis to create distributions that are used as input into a Monte Carlo analysis, where the output is a distribution of linewidth. The second model explores the effects of systematic intra-field effects by assuming that lens properties such as aberration will only cause global changes to the CD function, i.e. the function only shifts in focus and exposure. In combination with measurements such as focal pane, illumination uniformity and flare, a description of AFLV is constructed that reveals CD maps of the image field as a function of system focus and exposure. The third model combines the previous two techniques by incorporating random and systematic errors to create an across-wafer linewidth variation simulation. An example is shown using a scanner system and 0.18 micrometers structures. Systematic contributors to AFLV such as aberrations and reticle errors are included, as well as addition of random distributions of tilt eros and full wafer processing errors.
A Survey of Securing Networks Using Software Defined Networking (2015)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is rapidly emerging as a new paradigm for managing and controlling the operation of networks ranging from the data center to the core, enterprise, and home. The logical centralization of network intelligence presents exciting challenges and opportunities to enhance security in such networks, including new ways to prevent, detect, and react to threats, as well as innovative security services and applications that are built upon SDN capabilities. In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive survey of recent works that apply SDN to security, and identify promising future directions that can be addressed by such research.
Synthesis and characterization of structural, microstructural and ferroic properties of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanoparticles and CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:BaTiO<sub>3</sub>core-shell nanocomposites (2016)

Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CFO) and CoFe2O4:BaTiO3 (CFO:BTO) nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by a polymeric method and by a combination of polymeric and citrate-gel methods, respectively. Nanoparticles with a uniform shape, good size distribution and a core-shell microstructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. X-ray diffraction and ATR-FTIR results attested a cubic spinel structure for CFO nanoparticles and composites core, as well as a BTO tetragonal perovskite structure for nanocomposites shell. All samples presented a ferrimagnetic-like behaviour at 300 K, with coercive fields of 325 Oe and 840 Oe and saturation magnetizations of 46.2 and 59.6 emu/g, respectively, for CFO and CFO:BTO (3:2).
Rationale for treatment of cancer with calcium antagonists. A review. (1988)

Calcium antagonists are broad spectrum antineoplastic agents capable of influencing favorably the course of cancer by inhibiting growth factor-initiated cell activation, blocking metastasis, or reversing inherent or acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Calcium antagonists constitute an attractive category of agents for clinical trials in humans because their effects on malignancy in vivo in experimental animals are dramatic, and because there are several such agents on the market that can be adapted readily for such studies. However, an appreciation of the mechanisms of action of these drugs on cancer is essential for selection of an experimental design for therapeutic trials that will test these mechanisms adequately. The purpose of this review is to summarize available information on effects of calcium antagonists on cancer to facilitate incorporation of such drugs into therapeutic trials in human malignancy.
RNA-Seq Mapping and Detection of Gene Fusions with a Suffix Array Algorithm (2012)

High-throughput RNA sequencing enables quantification of transcripts (both known and novel), exon/exon junctions and fusions of exons from different genes. Discovery of gene fusions-particularly those expressed with low abundance- is a challenge with short- and medium-length sequencing reads. To address this challenge, we implemented an RNA-Seq mapping pipeline within the LifeScope software. We introduced new features including filter and junction mapping, annotation-aided pairing rescue and accurate mapping quality values. We combined this pipeline with a Suffix Array Spliced Read (SASR) aligner to detect chimeric transcripts. Performing paired-end RNA-Seq of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using the SOLiD system, we called 40 gene fusions among over 120,000 splicing junctions. We validated 36 of these 40 fusions with TaqMan assays, of which 25 were expressed in MCF-7 but not the Human Brain Reference. An intra-chromosomal gene fusion involving the estrogen receptor alpha gene ESR1, and another involving the RPS6KB1 (Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1) were recurrently expressed in a number of breast tumor cell lines and a clinical tumor sample.
Conventional liver CD4 T cells are functionally distinct and suppressed by environmental factors† (2005)

The contribution of intrahepatic conventional T cells to the unique immunologic properties of the liver has not been clearly defined. We isolated bulk and CD4 T cells from mouse liver and compared their functions with each other and with their splenic counterparts. Unlike bulk spleen T cells, bulk liver T cells reacted minimally to allogeneic or antigen-loaded syngeneic dendritic cells. However, after exclusion of natural killer T cells (NKTs) and gammadelta T cells by FACS, liver and spleen CD4 T cells actually proliferated to a similar extent upon allogeneic or antigen-specific stimulation. Liver CD4 T cells were more sensitive to interleukin 2 (IL-2) than were spleen CD4 T cells, but had a similar proliferative potential based on their response to CD3 ligation. In addition, activated liver CD4 T cells produced higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) than did splenic CD4 T cells. Therefore, liver CD4 T cells are intrinsically different from spleen CD4 T cells. In vitro, liver or spleen NKTs and gammadelta T cells suppressed liver and spleen CD4 T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. In conclusion, unconventional T cells constrain liver CD4 T-cell function. Our findings have implications for pathological conditions of the liver that involve the response of conventional CD4 T lymphocytes.
Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Framework (2004)

This document defines the architectural framework for the ForCES (Forwarding and Control Element Separation) network elements, and identifies the associated entities and their interactions.
Intestinal infections: current aspects and new possibilities of prophylaxis and treatment. (1989)

Intestinal infections of still high importance from the hygienic-epidemiological aspects and the recent results obtained in this field have been surveyed. Recently recognized enteric pathogens (campylobacter, Yersinia, rotavirus, Clostridium difficile, etc.) as well as the newest data on the pathomechanism of intestinal infections have been discussed. These data not only have increased our knowledge of the pathology but also resulted in basic, favourable changes in therapy. Detailed information is given on specific preventive measures, currently used vaccines and the research activities in this field. Detailed description of the therapeutic methods, salt and fluid substitution and up-to-date aspects of antibiotic treatment have been given as guidelines for the everyday medical practice.
Unique Electro-Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals Designed for Molecular Optics (2001)

Antiferroelectric order has been known to exist in liquid crystals since more than a decade and is now an intensely studied field of research. The great application potential of antiferroelectric liquid crystals has especially been demonstrated in sophisticated flat-panel display prototypes, which nevertheless have not yet reached manufacturing, due to the severe intrinsic problem of folds in the smectic layers, which drastically limit the achievable contrast, and which seem impossible to circumvent. By proper molecular design, we have developed and tested a new generic class of antiferroelectric materials that present an elegant solution to this problem. Their optical properties make them unique not only among liquid crystals but among electro-optical materials in general. The design of this generic class, which we call orthoconic, also gives an illustrative example of the physical meaning of the addition of tensorial properties. Normal surface-stabilized antiferroelectrics are optically positive biaxial crystals, with an effective optic axis along the smectic layer normal. The surprising optical property of the corresponding orthoconic antiferroelectric can be formulated as a theorem: When the tilt directions in adjacent smectic layers are made perpendicular to each other, the material becomes negatively uniaxial with the optic axis lying perpendicular to the smectic layer normal. The electro-optic effect in such a material is based on the fact that the optic axis can be switched between three mutually orthogonal directions, corresponding to zero, negative, or positive values of the applied electric field.
Alcohol in the Manufacture of Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates. (1914)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlcohol in the Manufacture of Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates.Paul J. FoxCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1914, 6, 10, 828–829Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1914Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1914https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50070a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50070a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein Mismetabolism and Loss of Calcium Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease<sup>a</sup> (1993)

The suspected involvement of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been strengthened by recent genetic evidence, but pursuit of the mechanisms involved will initially require basic cell biology approaches. Several studies have concentrated on toxic activities of beta-amyloid peptide (beta AP) itself, illuminating its contributions to excitotoxicity and calcium-mediated degeneration in general. We now know that generation of beta AP from beta APP also compromises the production of an important set of trophic factors: the secreted forms of beta APP (APPS), which may act--ironically--by conferring protection from calcium-mediated insults. Therefore, conditions which contribute to the formation of beta AP (possibly including ischemia) not only produce an agent which exacerbates calcium-mediated cell death, but also reduce the levels of one of the few factors able to rescue calcium homeostasis. The implications of these postulates and their relationship to the process of aging are discussed.
<title>Sensitive on-column absorbance detection of native molecules</title> (1998)

Laser wave mixing is presented as a sensitive detection method for absorbance measurements in flowing liquid analytes. Wave mixing is an unusually sensitive multi-photon nonlinear optical method since the analytical signal is generated as a coherent laser beam. Since the bright signal is visible to the naked eye, optical alignment is convenient. For liquid analytes in continuously flowing cells, we have demonstrated excellent detection sensitivity levels using various wave-mixing optical configurations and laser sources. Since it is an optical absorption method, laser wave-mixing detection offers excellent detection sensitivity for both fluorescing and non-fluorescing analytes. Hence, one does not have to label non-fluorescing analytes with tags in order to obtain good detection sensitivity in wave-mixing detection methods. Sensitivity detection of analytes in their native form offers many obvious advantages especially when interfaced to popular capillary separation methods. Since the analyte laser probe volume is very small, wave-mixing detection is suitable for on-column detection in various capillary electrophoresis or micro liquid chromatography systems.
The Physics of Quantum Mechanics (2008)

The Physics of Quantum Mechanics aims to give students a good understanding of how quantum mechanics describes the material world. It shows that the theory follows naturally from the use of probability amplitudes to derive probabilities. It stresses that stationary states are unphysical mathematical abstractions that enable us to solve the theory's governing equation, the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. Every opportunity is taken to illustrate the emergence of the familiarclassical, dynamical world through the quantum interference of stationary states. The text stresses the continuity be
Stopping rules for active contour segmentation of ultrasound cardiac images (2005)

The presence of speckle (a spatial stochastic process in an ultrasound image) makes ultrasound segmentation difficult. Speckle introduces local minima in the MAP energy function of an active contour, and when evolving under gradient descent, the contour gets trapped in a spurious local minimum. In this paper, we propose an alternate technique for evolving a MAP active contour. The technique has two parts: a deterministic evolution strategy called <i>tunneling descent</i> which escapes from spurious local minima, and a <i>stopping rule</i> for terminating the evolution. The combination gives an algorithm that is robust and gives good segmentations. The algorithm also benefits from having only a few free parameters which do not require tweaking. We present the conceptual framework of the algorithm in this paper, and study the impact of different stopping rules on the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm is used to segment the endocardium in cardiac ultrasound images. We present segmentation results in this paper and an experimental evaluation of different stopping rules on the performance of the algorithm. Although the algorithm is presented as an ultrasound segmentation technique, in fact, it can be used to segment any first-order texture boundary.
Estimating Models with Sample Selection Bias: A Survey (1998)

This paper surveys the available methods for estimating models with sample selection bias. I initially examine the fully parameterized model proposed by Heckman (1979) before investigating departures in two directions. First, I consider the relaxation of distributional assumptions. In doing so I present the available semi-parametric procedures. Second, I investigate the ability to tackle different selection rules generating the selection bias. Finally, I discuss how the estimation procedures applied in the cross-sectional case can be extended to panel data.
A Retinoic Acid Response Element That Overlaps an Estrogen Response Element Mediates Multihormonal Sensitivity in Transcriptional Activation of the Lactoferrin Gene (1995)

The lactoferrin gene is highly expressed in many different tissues, and its expression is controlled by different regulators. In this report, we have defined a retinoic acid response element (RARE) in the 5'-flanking region of the lactoferrin gene promoter. The lactoferrin-RARE is composed of two AGGTCA-like motifs arranged as a direct repeat with 1-bp spacing (DR-1). A gel retardation assay demonstrated that it bound strongly with retinoid X receptor (RXR) homodimers and RXR-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers as well as chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) orphan receptor. In CV-1 cells, the lactoferrin-RARE linked with a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter was strongly activated by RXR homodimers in response to 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) but not to all-trans-RA. When the COUP-TF orphan receptor was cotransfected, the 9-cis-RA-induced RXR homodimer activity was strongly repressed. A unique feature of the lactoferrin-RARE is that it has an AGGTCA-like motif in common with an estrogen-responsive element (ERE). The composite RARE/ERE contributes to the functional interaction between retinoid receptors and the estrogen receptor (ER) and their ligands. In CV-1 cells, cotransfection of the retinoid and estrogen receptors led to mutual inhibition of the other's activity, while an RA-dependent inhibition of ER activity was observed in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the lactoferrin-RARE/ERE showed differential transactivation activity in different cell types. RAs could activate the lactoferrin-RARE/ERE in human leukemia HL-60 cells and U937 cells but not in human breast cancer cells. By gel retardation analyses, we demonstrated that strong binding of the endogenous COUP-TF in breast cancer cells to the composite element contributed to diminished RA response in these cells. Thus, the lactoferrin-RARE/ERE functions as a signaling switch module that mediates multihormonal responsiveness in the regulation of lactoferrin gene expression.
The single-probe mass spectrometry for single cell analysis and biological tissue imaging (2015)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is commonly used to analyze the molecular composition of prepared gas-phase or solution samples. With the recent development, MS has been used to obtain the cellular composition of single cell (i.e. single cell MS) and map the spatial distribution of species on biological tissues (i.e. MS imaging). We have developed a multifunctional device, named as the Single-probe. This device can be coupled with MS for multiple applications, including single cell MS and MS imaging.
Survey of Antibiotic Control Policies in University-Affiliated Teaching Institutions (1996)

Considering the widespread use of antibiotic control programs, further investigation of the success of such programs in optimizing drug therapy, improving patient outcome, and cutailing the antibiotic budget within and among specific institutions is warranted.
Comparative Characterization of Cardiac Development Specific microRNAs: Fetal Regulators for Future (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, conserved RNAs known to regulate several biological processes by influencing gene expression in eukaryotes. The implication of miRNAs as another player of regulatory layers during heart development and diseases has recently been explored. However, there is no study which elucidates the profiling of miRNAs during development of heart till date. Very limited miRNAs have been reported to date in cardiac context. In addition, integration of large scale experimental data with computational and comparative approaches remains an unsolved challenge.The present study was designed to identify the microRNAs implicated in heart development using next generation sequencing, bioinformatics and experimental approaches. We sequenced six small RNA libraries prepared from different developmental stages of the heart using chicken as a model system to produce millions of short sequence reads. We detected 353 known and 703 novel miRNAs involved in heart development. Out of total 1056 microRNAs identified, 32.7% of total dataset of known microRNAs displayed differential expression whereas seven well studied microRNAs namely let-7, miR-140, miR-181, miR-30, miR-205, miR-103 and miR-22 were found to be conserved throughout the heart development. The 3'UTR sequences of genes were screened from Gallus gallus genome for potential microRNA targets. The target mRNAs were appeared to be enriched with genes related to cell cycle, apoptosis, signaling pathways, extracellular remodeling, metabolism, chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulators. Our study presents the first comprehensive overview of microRNA profiling during heart development and prediction of possible cardiac specific targets and has a big potential in future to develop microRNA based therapeutics against cardiac pathologies where fetal gene re-expression is witnessed in adult heart.
El mapa de Hecateo (1996)

Dans cet article l'auteur met en valeur l'importance scientifique, symbolique et litteraire des travaux d'Hecatee de Milet (v. 540-v.480 av. J.-C.), pour les mathematiques, la geographie, la conception du temps et la litterature grecques
Palladium complexes derived from N,N-bidentate NH-iminophosphorane ligands: synthesis and use as catalysts in the Sonogashira reaction (2012)

The addition of primary amines to the C=C bond of diphenylalkenyl iminophosphoranes yielded a new subtype of N,N-bidentate ligands bearing N=P(V)-C-C-NH backbones. These donor ligands reacted with PdCl(2)(COD) to give the corresponding σN,σN-palladium complexes containing secondary amino groups, bearing an intrinsically chiral nitrogen atom, and iminophosphorane units. These new complexes have been fully characterized by the use of spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The comparison of the data extracted from their solution NMR spectra with their solid state structures demonstrated the conformational stability of their six-membered chelate ring and also the configurational stability of the chiral nitrogen atom, thus ruling out an arm-off racemization process. The addition of the chiral, racemic α-methylbenzylamine to the prochiral P-alkenyl iminophosphoranes yielded mixtures of the two expected diasteroisomeric ligands in low diastereoisomeric ratios. One of these mixtures was resolved into their components, each one in turn giving rise to a pair of diasteromeric palladium complexes epimeric at the amino nitrogen atom. One selected example of the new complexes efficiently catalyzes the copper- and amine-free Sonogashira reaction of aryl halides with acetylenes.
Spatial reconstruction of a magnetic nanoparticle distribution using a single sensor and multiple magnetizing coils (2012)

Article Spatial reconstruction of a magnetic nanoparticle distribution using a single sensor and multiple magnetizing coils was published on September 4, 2012 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 57, issue SI-1-Track-M).