gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulator of G Protein Signaling (RGS16) Inhibits Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation in a Carbohydrate Response Element-binding Protein (ChREBP)-dependent Manner (2011)

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways control glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the onset of obesity and diabetes. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for G(i) and G(q) α-subunits that control the intensity and duration of GPCR signaling. Herein we determined the role of Rgs16 in GPCR regulation of liver metabolism. Rgs16 is expressed during the last few hours of the daily fast in periportal hepatocytes, the oxygen-rich zone of the liver where lipolysis and gluconeogenesis predominate. Rgs16 knock-out mice had elevated expression of fatty acid oxidation genes in liver, higher rates of fatty acid oxidation in liver extracts, and higher plasma β-ketone levels compared with wild type mice. By contrast, transgenic mice that overexpressed RGS16 protein specifically in liver exhibited reciprocal phenotypes as well as low blood glucose levels compared with wild type littermates and fatty liver after overnight fasting. The transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which induces fatty acid synthesis genes in response to high carbohydrate feeding, was unexpectedly required during fasting for maximal Rgs16 transcription in liver and in cultured primary hepatocytes during gluconeogenesis. Thus, RGS16 provides a signaling mechanism for glucose production to inhibit GPCR-stimulated fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes.
Critical infrastructure security confidence through automated thermal imaging (2006)

With terrorist threats continuing to be a top concern at critical infrastructure sites, a complete detection, management, and control system is imperative for providing the confidence that the site has put all possible measures in place to prevent unthinkable disasters from occurring. When used together, powerful technologies provide complementary services from image detection through to control room decision making and can be thought of as stepping blocks in creating a highly-effective security system. By integrating the highest standard technologies at each step, the complete system is the most powerful addition to security systems: Thermal imaging is unsurpassed at detecting intruders in the dark of night and in challenging weather conditions at the sensor imaging level; Automated software detection creates an initial alert; Immersive 3D visual assessment is used for situational awareness and to manage the reaction process; Wide area command and control capabilities allow control from a remote location.
A 50 ns video signal processor (2003)

A 50-ns CMOS DSP (digital signal processor) with enhanced parallel architecture suited for video signal processing is reported. It has significant performance advantages, especially for video codecs in ISDN (integrated services digital network) video communication, is based on a 24-b fixed-point architecture, and operates in a five-stage pipeline (instruction-fetch, instruction-decode, source-data-transfer, execution, and destination-data-transfer). It contains 538 k transistors and typically consumes 1.4 W at an instruction cycle rate of 50 ns. The DSP was fabricated in a 1.0- mu m double-metal CMOS technology. Computation speed for the several coding procedures is approximately 3 to 10 times faster than that of traditional DSPs. A 64-kb/s video codec can be implemented with four or five DSPs for full common-source-interface-formats (CSIF) mode and one or two DSPs for 1/4 CSIF mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of ambroxol, spirulina and vitamin-E in naphthalene induced cataract in female rats. (2005)

Anticataract activity of Ambroxol, Spirulina and Vitamin E was examined using the naphthalene cataract model. Adult female albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 180 and 220 grams were taken and divided into eight groups. Group I received light liquid paraffin 5 ml/kg/ day p.o. for 6 weeks. Group II received naphthalene solution 0.5 gm/kg/ day p.o. for first three days and 1 gm/kg/day p.o. thereafter for six weeks. Group III received Ambroxol suspension in 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day p.o. alongwith naphthalene. Group IV received Spirulina in distilled water at the dose of 1500 mg/kg/ day p.o. alongwith naphthalene. Group V received Vitamin E emulsion at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day p.o. alongwith naphthalene. Group VI received Ambroxol alone at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day p.o. Group VII received Spirulina alone at the dose of 1500 mg/kg/day p.o. Group VIII received vitamin E alone at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day p.o. Lens glutathione, soluble protein and water content profiles revealed the preventive role of Ambroxol, Spirulina and Vitamin E in naphthalene-induced cataract in female rats.
Genetic polymorphism of milk protein and its effects on milk composition traits in Muzaffarnagari sheep (2008)

The electrophoretic pattern revealed the presence of three aS1- casein alleles, viz. (lSI-CnA, ascCnE and (XSI-CnF in the milk samples of Muzaffamagari sheep. The frequency of predominant aSI-CnE locus and rare (XSI-CnF variant in this population were 0.38 and 0.01, respectively, where the frequency of null allele for this locus (asi-CnO) was 0.37. All the loci except ~-Cn, ~-lactoglobulin and a- lactalbumin locus in the population showed the presence of null allele. No polymorphic patterns were observed at a S2-' ~- and K casein locus in this study. The ~- lactoglobulin loci showed the presence ofAand Bvariants on the gel. The a-lactalbumin loci revealed the monomorphic form in the population. The study also showed that CXS1 - casein variant had only significant effect on casein content of milk and none of these milk protein variants had significant effect on total protein content of milk in this breed.
The History of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>—The First 100 Years (2008)

In this paper the history of Toxoplasma gondii and toxoplasmosis is reviewed. This protozoan parasite was first discovered in 1908 and named a year later. Its medical importance remained unknown until 1939 when T. gondii was identified in tissues of a congenitally infected infant, and veterinary importance became known when it was found to cause abortion storms in sheep in 1957. The discovery of a T. gondii specific antibody test, Sabin-Feldman dye test in 1948 led to the recognition that T. gondii is a common parasite of warm-blooded hosts with a worldwide distribution. Its life cycle was not discovered until 1970 when it was found that felids are its definitive host and an environmentally resistant stage (oocyst) is excreted in feces of infected cats. The recent discovery of its common infection in certain marine wildlife (sea otters) indicates contamination of our seas with T. gondii oocysts washed from land. Hygiene remains the best preventive measure because currently there is no vaccine to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans.
Characteristics of the lipid and fatty acid compositions of the Humboldt squid, <i>Dosidicus gigas</i>: The trophic relationship between the squid and its prey (2013)

The lipids and fatty acids of the Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) were examined to assess its lipid physiology and the relationship between the squid and its prey. Similar to highly migratory fishes, D. gigas has high levels of 22:6 n‐ 3 (DHA) in its TAGs (21.9–29.0% for mantles and 21.8–23.9% for arms), different from stomach content lipids (1.9–16.5%), which fluctuated or were at very low levels in some samples. The major PUFA in the tissue (mantle, arm, integument, and gonad) phospholipids were 20:5 n ‐3 (icosapentaenoic acid, EPA), and DHA. Markedly high levels of both EPA and DHA with noticeable levels of 20:4 n ‐6 (arachidonic acid; ARA) were observed in phosphatidylethanolamine (17.2–28.8% for EPA, 8.8–22.6% for DHA, and 2.4–11.8% for ARA), while DHA was found as a major component in phosphatidylcholine (30.6–47.8% for DHA). These findings imply a concentration of these PUFA from the storage lipids in the tissues of D. gigas , and that the squid actively concentrates EPA and in particular DHA as a top predator, similar to highly migratory fishes. D. gigas is a healthful marine food containing high levels of EPA and DHA with noticeable levels of ARA.
Studies on Polynucleotides. XLVI.<sup>1</sup> The Synthesis of Hexanucleotides Containing the Repeating Trinucleotide Sequences Deoxycytidylyl-(3'→5')-deoxyadenylyl-(3'→5')-deoxyadenosine and Deoxyguanylyl-(3'→5')-deoxyadenylyl-(3'→5')- deoxyadenosine<sup>2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polynucleotides. XLVI.1 The Synthesis of Hexanucleotides Containing the Repeating Trinucleotide Sequences Deoxycytidylyl-(3'→5')-deoxyadenylyl-(3'→5')-deoxyadenosine and Deoxyguanylyl-(3'→5')-deoxyadenylyl-(3'→5')- deoxyadenosine2S. A. Narang, T. M. Jacob, and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 13, 2988–2995Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01091a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01091a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Burkholderia cepacia complex: epithelial cell–pathogen confrontations and potential for therapeutic intervention (2008)

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is an important and virulent pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. The interactions between this pathogen and the host lung epithelium are being widely investigated but remain to be elucidated. The complex is very versatile and its interactions with the lung epithelial cells are many and varied. The first steps in the interaction are penetration of the mucosal blanket and subsequent adherence to the epithelial cell surface. A range of epithelial receptors have been reported to bind to Bcc. The next step in pathogenesis is the invasion of the lung epithelial cell and also translocation across the epithelium to the serosal side. Furthermore, pathogenesis is mediated by a range of virulence factors that elicit their effects on the epithelial cells. This review outlines these interactions and examines the therapeutic implications of understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this difficult, antibiotic-resistant, opportunistic pathogen.
Purity aspects of higher alpha olefins (1983)

Abstract The various processes which are used commercially to manufacture detergent range alpha olefins are compared in terms of the quality of the products obtained. Thermal cracking of n ‐paraffins gives the least pure olefins. Processes based on ethylene oligomerization are superior and, of these, the Shell SHOP (Shell Higher Olefins Process) process gives alpha olefins which are somewhat better in quality than those obtained from processes based on aluminum alkyl chemistry. The practical consequences of the presence of internal and vinylidene olefins, dienes and paraffins in alpha olefins are considered for the manufacture of alpha olefin sulfonates, linear alkyl‐benzene, epoxides, alkyl bromides, rnercaptans and copolymers with ethylene (linear low density polyethylene). Low levels of impurities are desirable in most cases to minimize formation of unwanted byproducts, or to reduce the cost of bleeding of inert components, or to ensure that the quality of the final product meets the requirements of the marketplace.
Modernization of Agriculture in Developing Countries: Resources, Potentials and Problems, Second Edition by Isaac Arnon. (Environmental Monographs & Symposia, Convener & General Editor Nicholas Polunin.) John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex P019 1UD, England, UK: xxiii + 626 pp., illustr., 23.5 × 16 × 4.25 cm, hard cover £60 or US $130, 1987. (1989)

Modernization of Agriculture in Developing Countries: Resources, Potentials and Problems, Second Edition by Isaac Arnon. (Environmental Monographs & Symposia, Convener & General Editor Nicholas Polunin.) John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex P019 1UD, England, UK: xxiii + 626 pp., illustr., 23.5 × 16 × 4.25 cm, hard cover £60 or US $130, 1987. - Volume 16 Issue 3
Characteristics of 1 to 8 wavelength uniform helical antennas (1980)

The measured voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, pattern, and axial ratio characteristics of a uniformly wound helical antenna are presented. Experimental parametric studies were made of 1) fixed length helices with variable diameter and pitch angle (8.6 to 10 turns), and 2) variable length helices with constant diameter and pitch angle (5 to 35 turns). Parametric curves are presented to show the gain and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of a constant pitch helix as a function of axial length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L/\lambda</tex> and circumference <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C/\lambda</tex> . Empirical expressions are derived for the antenna peak gain and bandwidth as a function of the helix parameters. In addition, the antenna gain-beamwidth products are examined.
Regulation of Receptor Fate by Ubiquitination of Activated β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor and β-Arrestin (2001)

Although trafficking and degradation of several membrane proteins are regulated by ubiquitination catalyzed by E3 ubiquitin ligases, there has been little evidence connecting ubiquitination with regulation of mammalian G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. Agonist stimulation of endogenous or transfected beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2ARs) led to rapid ubiquitination of both the receptors and the receptor regulatory protein, beta-arrestin. Moreover, proteasome inhibitors reduced receptor internalization and degradation, thus implicating a role for the ubiquitination machinery in the trafficking of the beta2AR. Receptor ubiquitination required beta-arrestin, which bound to the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2. Abrogation of beta-arrestin ubiquitination, either by expression in Mdm2-null cells or by dominant-negative forms of Mdm2 lacking E3 ligase activity, inhibited receptor internalization with marginal effects on receptor degradation. However, a beta2AR mutant lacking lysine residues, which was not ubiquitinated, was internalized normally but was degraded ineffectively. These findings delineate an adapter role of beta-arrestin in mediating the ubiquitination of the beta2AR and indicate that ubiquitination of the receptor and of beta-arrestin have distinct and obligatory roles in the trafficking and degradation of this prototypic GPCR.
Field emission display development and testing (2002)

Field Emission Displays (FEDs) can have significant advantages over existing display technologies, particularly in the area of small, high-resolution displays. Micron Display Technology (MDT) has been developing a high-resolution display for use in camcorder viewfinders, HMDs, and virtual reality headware. The display has characteristics which make it superior to the present LCDs which dominate the small color display market. The history of this display development, its advantages, and the display characteristics are discussed here. In addition, as FEDs move from prototypes into production, it becomes necessary to develop new technologies which enable production-level testing of these devices. A vacuum probe station has been developed for rapid testing of FED cathodes. This probe station is discussed.
The Organization of Histone H3 Modifications as Revealed by a Panel of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (2008)

Histone modifications play critical roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and in the maintenance of genome integrity. Acetylation and methylation of histone H3 are particularly important in gene activation and silencing. We generated and characterized a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize different modifications on K4, K9, and K27 residues on histone H3. By using these antibodies for chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, we analyzed the relationship between different modifications in nearby nucleosomes in human cells. Within a few nucleosome neighbors, trimethyl-K4 was associated with acetyl-K27, rather than with dimethyl-K4 and acetyl-K9, consistent with their co-localization on active promoters. Furthermore, simultaneous immunofluorescence using directly-labeled antibodies revealed that di- and tri-methylation on K4 was diminished during replicative senescence. These highly-reliable and fully-characterized monoclonal antibodies may facilitate future epigenomic studies on healthy and diseased cells.
Every slow-wave impulse is associated with motor activity of the human stomach (2008)

Using a newly developed high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic detector system (3D-MAGMA), we observed periodical movements of a small magnetic marker in the human stomach at the typical gastric slow-wave frequency, that is 3 min(-1). Thus we hypothesized that each gastric slow wave induces a motor response that is not strong enough to be detected by conventional methods. Electrogastrographies (EGG, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) for measurement of gastric slow waves and 3D-MAGMA (Innovent, Jena, Germany) measurements were simultaneously performed in 21 healthy volunteers (10 men, 40.4+/-13.6 yr; 11 women, 35.8+/-11.6 yr). The 3D-MAGMA system contains 27 highly sensitive magnetic field sensors that are able to locate a magnetic pill inside a human body with an accuracy of +/-5 mm or less in position and +/-2 degrees in orientation at a frequency of 50 Hz. Gastric transit time of the magnetic marker ranged from 19 to 154 min. The mean dominant EGG frequency while the marker was in the stomach was 2.87+/-0.15 cpm. The mean dominant 3D-MAGMA frequency during this interval was nearly identical; that is, 2.85+/-0.15 movements per minute. We observed a strong linear correlation between individual dominant EGG and 3D-MAGMA frequency (R=0.66, P=0.0011). Our findings suggest that each gastric slow wave induces a minute contraction that is too small to be detected by conventional motility investigations but can be recorded by the 3D-MAGMA system. The present slow-wave theory that assumes that the slow wave is a pure electrical signal should be reconsidered.
Calcium, magnesium and aluminum concentrations in Parkinson's disease. (1992)

Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and aluminum (Al) were measured by neutron activation analysis and that of magnesium (Mg) by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry in 26 regions of Parkinson's disease (PD) and control brains. Ca concentration was unchanged in all anatomic subregions of PD brains compared with control brains. Mg concentration was lower in cortex, white matter, basal ganglia and brain stem of PD brains compared to control brains (p < 0.01). Al concentration in the substantia nigra, caudate nucleus and globus pallidus was higher in PD brains compared to controls (p < 0.05) and significantly higher in gray matter and the basal ganglia (p < 0.01). These studies are consistent with other observations linking high concentrations of Al and low levels of Mg in the pathogenesis of CNS degeneration and PD.
Interactions of the QacR Multidrug-Binding Protein with Structurally Diverse Ligands:  Implications for the Evolution of the Binding Pocket (2003)

The QacR multidrug-binding repressor protein regulates the expression of the Staphylococcus aureus qacA gene, a multidrug resistance (MDR) locus that is prevalent in clinical isolates of this important human pathogen. In this paper we demonstrate that the range of structurally diverse compounds capable of inducing qacA transcription is significantly more varied than previously appreciated, particularly in relation to bivalent cations. For all of the newly identified inducing compounds, induction of qacAexpression was correlated with a matching ability to dissociate QacR from operator DNA. Development of a ligand-binding assay based on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence permitted dissociation constants to be determined for the majority of known QacR ligands, with values ranging from 0.2 to 82 microM. High-affinity binding of a compound to QacR in vitro was not found to correlate very strongly with either its in vivo inducing abilities or its structure. The latter observation indicated that the QacR ligand-binding pocket appears to have evolved to accommodate a wide range of toxic hydrophobic cations, rather than a specific class of compound. Importantly, the antimicrobial ligands of QacR included several plant alkaloids that share structural similarities with synthetic MDR substrates. This is consistent with the suggestion that the qacA-qacR MDR locus was recently derived from genes that protect against natural antimicrobial compounds.
Molecular cloning, characterization, genomic organization and promoter analysis of the α1,6-fucosyltransferase gene (fut8) expressed in the rat hybridoma cell line YB2/0 (2011)

Altogether, these data contribute to a better knowledge of fut8 expression in YB2/0 that will be useful to better control the fucosylation of recombinant mAbs produced in these cells.
Detection of Bacterial Virulence Genes by Subtractive Hybridization: Identification of Capsular Polysaccharide of <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> as a Major Virulence Determinant (2001)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is responsible for a broad spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals particularly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, where it is endemic. Burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic environmental organism closely related to B. pseudomallei. Subtractive hybridization was carried out between these two species to identify genes encoding virulence determinants in B. pseudomallei. Screening of the subtraction library revealed A-T-rich DNA sequences unique to B. pseudomallei, suggesting they may have been acquired by horizontal transfer. One of the subtraction clones, pDD1015, encoded a protein with homology to a glycosyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This gene was insertionally inactivated in wild-type B. pseudomallei to create SR1015. It was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy that the inactivated gene was involved in the production of a major surface polysaccharide. The 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) for wild-type B. pseudomallei is <10 CFU; the LD(50) for SR1015 was determined to be 3.5 x 10(5) CFU, similar to that of B. thailandensis (6.8 x 10(5) CFU). DNA sequencing of the region flanking the glycosyltransferase gene revealed open reading frames similar to capsular polysaccharide genes in Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Neisseria meningitidis. In addition, DNA from Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia stabilis hybridized to a glycosyltransferase fragment probe, and a capsular structure was identified on the surface of B. stabilis via immunoelectron microscopy. Thus, the combination of PCR-based subtractive hybridization, insertional inactivation, and animal virulence studies has facilitated the identification of an important virulence determinant in B. pseudomallei.