gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Protective Effect of the NMDA Antagonist Memantine in Experimental Spinal Cord Injuries (1997)

We have investigated the effect of memantine, a clinically used NMDA receptor antagonist, in two experimental animals models of spinal cord injury. The lesions were laser-induced photothrombosis to induce focal spinal cord ischemia and clip compression to mimic traumatic spinal cord injury. Pre- or posttreatment of rats with a dose of memantine (20 mg/kg ip) previously shown to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia, failed to affect both the neurological and morphological outcome of ischemic spinal cord injury. Likewise, memantine had no effects on neurological and morphological outcome after experimental traumatic injury. In view of the regional heterogeneity of NMDA receptors, the affinity of memantine for spinal cord NMDA receptors was also determined by studying displacement of [3H] (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5-H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-10-imine (MK-801) to rat and human spinal cord homogenates. We found that memantine had an affinity for NMDA receptors in the spinal cord (Ki = 0.58 microM) that was significantly lower compared to that of the cerebral cortex (Ki = 0.23 microM) and that the affinity for NMDA receptors in human spinal cord was even lower. We conclude that in view of available data, memantine should not be chosen for clinical studies on neuroprotection in spinal cord injuries and that the lack of protective effect is most likely due to insufficient affinity of memantine for spinal cord NMDA receptors.
Enantioselective Phosphine-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations of <i>mix</i>-Indene with MBH Carbonates (2017)

The first enantioenriched synthesis of 1,1,3-trisubstituted (trifluoromethyl)indene derivatives, bearing a quaternary stereogenic carbon center, is reported using a simple chiral sulfinamide phosphine-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of a mixture of indenes with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates. The resulting derivatives can serve as a valuable synthetic building block for some drugs and natural products. Broad substrate scope and high regio- and enantioselectivity of this reaction were particularly remarkable.
Process development for production of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor by high cell density cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli (2008)

The fed-batch process using glucose as the sole source of carbon and energy with exponential feeding rate was carried out for high cell density cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) expressing human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF). IPTG was used to induce the expression of hG-CSF at 48 g dry cell wt l(-1) during high cell density culture of recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) [pET23a-g-csf]. The final cell density, specific yield and overall productivity of hG-CSF were obtained as approximately 64 g dry cell wt l(-1), 223 mg hG-CSF g(-1) dry cell wt and 775 mg hG-CSF l(-1) h(-1), respectively. The resulting purification process used cell lysis, inclusion body (IB) preparation, refolding, DEAE and Butyl-Sepharose. Effects of different process conditions such as cell lysis and washing of IB were evaluated. The results reveal that the cells lyzed at 1,200 bar, 99.9% and Triton removed about 64% of the LPS but sarcosyl had no effect on removal of nucleic acids and LPS. Further analysis show that DEAE column removes DNA about 84%. Cupper concentration was identified as parameter that could have a significant impact on aggregation, as an unacceptable pharmaceutical form that decrease process yields. The purity of purified hG-CSF was more than 99%. Also the comparison of activity between purified hG-CSF and commercial form do not show valuable decrease in activity in purified form.
Bone mineral measurement: automated determination of midvertebral CT section. (1988)

The selection of the computed tomographic (CT) section can introduce errors in reproducibility of several percent for bone mineral measurements. An algorithm for automated determination of the midvertebral CT section from survey radiographs was developed; it is based on ridge-line tracking of the vertebral end plates. The midvertebral section is defined by all points with equal perpendicular distance to the regression lines fitted through these end-plate contours. The algorithm can be corrected by manual interaction in case of failure. It was tested on T-12 to L-4 vertebrae on 25 randomly selected localizer radiographs. Of the 250 endplate contours, 223 (89.2%) were tracked automatically; the remaining 27 (10.8%) required user interaction for successful completion.
A Micromachining Process for Die-Scale Pattern Transfer in Ceramics and Its Application to Bulk Piezoelectric Actuators (2006)

This paper reports on a batch mode planar pattern transfer process for bulk ceramics, glass, and other hard, brittle, nonconductive materials suitable for micromachined transducers and packages. The process is named LEEDUS, as it combines lithography, electroplating, batch mode micro electro-discharge machining (/spl mu/EDM) and batch mode micro ultrasonic machining (/spl mu/USM). An electroplating mold is first created on a silicon or metal wafer using standard lithography, then using the electroplated pattern as an electrode to /spl mu/EDM a hard metal (stainless steel or WC/Co) tool, which is finally used in the /spl mu/USM of the ceramic substrate. A related process (SEDUS) uses serial /spl mu/EDM and omits lithography for rapid prototyping of simple patterns. Feature sizes of 25 /spl mu/m within a 4.5/spl times/4.5 mm/sup 2/ die have been micromachined on glass-mica (Macor) ceramic plates with 34 /spl mu/m depth. The ultrasonic step achieves 18 /spl mu/m/min. machining rate, with a tool wear ratio of less than 6% for the stainless steel microtool. Other process characteristics are also described. As a demonstration, octagonal and circular spiral shaped in-plane actuators were fabricated from bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plate using the LEEDUS/SEDUS process. A device of 20 /spl mu/m thickness and 450 /spl mu/m/spl times/420 /spl mu/m footprint produces a displacement of /spl ap/2/spl mu/m at 40 V.
A NEW NECK GONIOMETER (1981)

A simple new goniometer has been developed for measurement of the mobility of the cervical spine. It consists of a headgear with three rigid scales calibrated in degrees, mounted on a skull cap with straps around the chin, and it measures flexion/extension, lateral flexion and horizontal rotation. Its construction and use are described. Three observers each tested the same 10 subjects to determine inter-observer error. Two observers then each tested 10 different subjects on two occasions at intervals of 10 to 30 minutes to test intra-observer error. Statistical analysis of the inter-observer error data by analysis of variance, and the intra-observer error data by calculation of means and standard errors of the differences between the means, showed that acceptably reproducible results could be obtained with this new goniometer, and it is also shown that an experienced observer can obtain more consistently reproducible results. Reference is made to the successful use of this technique in a comparative study (published elsewhere) of two drugs in degenerative joint disease of the cervical spine.
Verification of CFD analysis methods for predicting the drag force and thrust power of an underwater disk robot (2014)

This paper examines the suitability of using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, ANSYS-CFX, as an initial analysis tool for predicting the drag and propulsion performance (thrust and torque) of a concept underwater vehicle design. In order to select an appropriate thruster that will achieve the required speed of the Underwater Disk Robot (UDR), the ANSYS-CFX tools were used to predict the drag force of the UDR. Vertical Planar Motion Mechanism (VPMM) test simulations (i.e. pure heaving and pure pitching motion) by CFD motion analysis were carried out with the CFD software. The CFD results reveal the distribution of hydrodynamic values (velocity, pressure, etc.) of the UDR for these motion studies. Finally, CFD bollard pull test simulations were performed and compared with the experimental bollard pull test results conducted in a model basin. The experimental results confirm the suitability of using the ANSYS-CFX tools for predicting the behavior of concept vehicles early on in their design process.
Monte Carlo Models for the Production of beta-delayed Gamma Rays Following Fission of Special Nuclear Materials (2004)

A Monte Carlo method for the estimation of {beta}-delayed {gamma}-ray spectra following fission is described that can accommodate an arbitrary time-dependent fission rate and photon collection history. The method invokes direct sampling of the independent fission yield distributions of the fissioning system, the branching ratios for decay of individual fission products and the spectral distributions for photon emission for each decay mode. Though computationally intensive, the method can provide a detailed estimate of the spectrum that would be recorded by an arbitrary spectrometer, and can prove useful in assessing the quality of evaluated data libraries, for identifying gaps in these libraries, etc. The method is illustrated by a first comparison of calculated and experimental spectra from decay of short-lived fission products following the reactions {sup 235}U(n{sub th}, f) and {sup 239}Pu(n{sub th}, f). For general purpose transport calculations, where detailed consideration of the large number of individual {gamma}-ray transitions in a spectrum may be unnecessary, it is shown that an accurate and simple parameterization of a {gamma}-ray source function can be obtained. These parametrizations should provide high-quality average spectral distributions that should prove useful in calculations describing photons escaping from thick attenuating media.
Halogen and Nucleoside Derivatives of Acyclic 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose.<sup>1,2</sup> I (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalogen and Nucleoside Derivatives of Acyclic 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose.1,2 IM. L. Wolfrom, H. G. Garg, and D. HortonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 11, 3280–3283Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01034a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01034a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Hypervariable Region of <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Major Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) Contains Multiple Immunodominant CD4+ T Lymphocyte Epitopes That Elicit Variant-Specific Proliferative and IFN-γ Responses in MSP2 Vaccinates (2003)

Major surface protein 2 (MSP2) is an immunodominant outer membrane protein of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum pathogens that cause bovine anaplasmosis and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. MSP2 has a central hypervariable region (HVR) flanked by highly conserved amino and carboxyl termini. During A. marginale infection, dynamic and extensive amino acid sequence variation in MSP2 occurs through recombination of msp2 pseudogenes into the msp2 expression site, followed by sequential segmental gene conversions to generate additional variants. We hypothesized that MSP2 variation leads to significant changes in Th cell recognition of epitopes in the HVR. T cell epitopes were mapped using T cells from native MSP2-immunized cattle and overlapping peptides spanning the most abundant of five different MSP2 HVRs in the immunogen. Several epitopes elicited potent effector/memory Th cell proliferative and IFN-gamma responses, including those in three discreet blocks of sequence that undergo segmental gene conversion. Th cell clones specific for an epitope in the block 1 region of the predominant MSP2 variant type failed to respond to naturally occurring variants. However, some of these variants were recognized by oligoclonal T cell lines from MSP2 vaccinates, indicating that the variant sequences contain immunogenic CD4(+) T cell epitopes. In competition/antagonism assays, the nonstimulatory variants were not inhibitory for CD4(+) T cells specific for the agonist peptide. Dynamic amino acid sequence variation in MSP2 results in escape from recognition by some effector/memory MSP2-specific Th cells. Antigenic variation in MSP2 Th cell and B cell epitopes may contribute to immune evasion that allows long-term persistence of A. marginale in the mammalian reservoir.
Contrasting patterns and frequency of antibodies to the surface, core, and e antigens of hepatitis b virus in blood donors and in homosexual patients (1980)

An attempt was made to assess the significance of the relatively frequent low-titre positive reactions in radioimmunoassays for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. Serum specimens negative for surface antigen were assayed for antibodies to the surface, core, and e antigens of the Hepatitis B virus. Two populations were studied - one of low hepatitis B incidence (2000 blood donors) and one of high incidence (200 male patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases). The validity of some singly occurring low-titre anti-HBs and anti-HBc reactions is questioned, and the occurrence of positive reactions unrelated to previous hepatitis B infection inferred.
Corticotropin (ACTH) acts directly on amygdala neurons to down‐regulate corticotropin‐releasing hormone gene expression (2001)

The hormone corticotropin (ACTH) is employed as therapy for diverse neurological disorders, but the mechanisms for its efficacy remain unknown. ACTH promotes the release of adrenal steroids (glucocorticoids), and most ACTH effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been attributed to activation of glucocorticoid receptors. However, in several human disorders, ACTH has therapeutic actions that differ qualitatively or quantitatively from those of steroids. This study tested the hypothesis that ACTH directly influences limbic neurons via the recently characterized melanocortin receptors and focused on the effects of ACTH on the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a neuropeptide involved in neuroimmune functions and in certain developmental seizures. The results demonstrated that ACTH potently reduced CRH expression in amygdala neurons. This down-regulation was not abolished by experimental elimination of steroids or by blocking their receptors and was reproduced by a centrally administered ACTH fragment that does not promote steroid release. Importantly, selective blocking of melanocortin receptors prevented ACTH-induced down-regulation of CRH expression. Taken together, these data indicate that ACTH activates central melanocortin receptors to modulate CRH gene expression in amygdala, supporting the notion that direct, steroid-independent actions of ACTH may account for some of its established clinical effects on the CNS.
Ballistocardiography: past, present and future. (1979)

In this paper, an analysis is given of the present state of ballistocardiography. It is concluded that several aspects of the method have to be improved before successful application in medicine can follow. These aspects are, for example, (a) physiological backgrounds of the method, and (b) signal analysis of the ballistocardiogram. Recent developments on these items are discussed and some preliminary results are given. Research on ballistocardiography is worthwhile to be continuing, since the method offers good perspectives for application in preventive medicine (early detection of coronary heart disease) and in clinical medicine.
Dopamine D2 Receptors as Treatment Targets in Schizophrenia (2010)

The antipsychotic effectiveness of chlorpromazine and haloperidol started a search for their therapeutic targets. The antipsychotic receptor target turned out to be a dopamine receptor, now cloned as the dopamine D2 receptor. The D2 receptor is the common target for antipsychotics. Antipsychotic clinical doses correlate with their affinities for this receptor. Therapeutic doses of antipsychotics occupy 60 to 80% of brain D2 receptors in patients, but aripiprazole occupies up to 90%. While antipsychotics may take up to six hours to occupy D2 receptors, much clinical improvement occurs within a few days. The receptor has high- and low-affinity states. The D2High state is functional for dopamine-like agonists such as aripiprazole. Most individuals with schizophrenia are supersensitive to dopamine. Animal models of psychosis show that a variety of risk factors, genetic and nongenetic, are associated with behavioral supersensitivity to dopamine, reflected in elevated levels of dopamine D2High receptors. Although antipsychotics such as haloperidol alleviate psychosis and reverse the elevation of D2High receptors, long-term use of traditional antipsychotics can further enhance dopamine supersensitivity in patients. Therefore, switching from a traditional antipsychotic to an agonist antipsychotic such as aripiprazole can result in the emergence of psychotic signs and symptoms. Clozapine and quetiapine do not elicit parkinsonism and rarely result in tardive dyskinesia because they are released from D2 within 12 to 24 hours. Traditional antipsychotics remain attached to D2 receptors for days, preventing relapse, but allowing accumulation that can lead to tardive dyskinesia. Future goals include imaging D2High receptors and desensitizing them in early-stage psychosis.
Characterizing a Joint Probability Distribution by Conditionals (1993)

SUMMARY We derive conditions under which a set of conditional and marginal probability distributions will uniquely specify an all-positive joint distribution. Our theoretical result may yield insights into the construction and simulation of multivariate probability models.
Thrombospondin in essential thrombocythemia (1986)

Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by frequent bleeding and thrombotic complications. On a molecular level, two abnormalities of platelet thrombospondin have been identified: abnormal glycosylation of the intact 185,000-dalton chain has been detected and a shortened form of the thrombospondin chain is present. We have used two monoclonal antibodies and Lens culinaris lectin to probe the structure of thrombospondin in the platelets from three patients with essential thrombocythemia; one patient with polycythemia vera and two patients with secondary thrombocytosis. The presence of abnormal thrombospondin fragments with molecular weights of 160,000 and 30,000 was detected in the intact platelets and in the supernatant from thrombin-treated platelets, in all of the individuals except one of the secondary thrombocytosis patients. Monoclonal antibody binding studies indicate that both fragments are produced by proteolysis at a single site, which results in the removal of a 30,000- dalton fragment from the NH2-terminal. Lens culinaris lectin-binding studies revealed that some of the carbohydrate moieties of thrombospondin are near this cleavage site. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal thrombospondin fragments observed under conditions of increased platelet production are due to increased susceptibility to proteolysis which, in turn, may be due to defective glycosylation.
True event-driven simulation of analog/mixed-signal behaviors in SystemVerilog: A decision-feedback equalizing (DFE) receiver example (2012)

This paper presents a true event-driven simulation methodology for analog/mixed signal systems. To avoid generation of new output events without an input event, analog waveforms are expressed as a set of parameter values for an analytical basis function, c·t <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m-1</sup> e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-at</sup> ·u(t). Also, the s-domain analysis enables an algebraic computation of the output event without involving timestep integration. The proposed methodology implemented in SystemVerilog is demonstrated with a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) example. The experimental results show that both the speed and accuracy of the simulation depend very weakly on the time step resolution, supporting that a true event-driven simulation is realized.
Secureweb: Protecting sensitive information through the web browser extension with a security token (2018)

The leakage of sensitive data occurs on a large scale and with increasingly serious impact. It may cause privacy disclosure or even property damage. Password leakage is one of the fundamental reasons for information leakage, and its importance is must be emphasized because users are likely to use the same passwords for different Web application accounts. Existing approaches use a password manager and encrypted Web application to protect passwords and other sensitive data; however, they may be compromised or lack accessibility. The paper presents SecureWeb, which is a secure, practical, and user-controllable framework for mitigating the leakage of sensitive data. SecureWeb protects users’ passwords and aims to provide a unified protection solution to diverse sensitive data. The efficiency of the developed schemes is demonstrated and the results indicate that it has a low overhead and are of practical use.
3-D reconstruction of a dynamic environment with a fully calibrated background for traffic scenes (2005)

Vision-based traffic surveillance systems are more and more employed for traffic monitoring, collection of statistical data and traffic control. We present an extension of such a system that additionally uses the captured image content for 3-D scene modeling and reconstruction. A basic goal of surveillance systems is to get a good coverage of the observed area with as few cameras as possible to keep the costs low. Therefore, the 3-D reconstruction has to be done from only a few original views with limited overlap and different lighting conditions. To cope with these specific restrictions we developed a model-based 3-D reconstruction scheme that exploits a priori knowledge about the scene. The system is fully calibrated offline by estimating camera parameters from measured 3-D-2-D correspondences. Then the scene is divided into static parts, which are modeled offline and dynamic parts, which are processed online. Therefore, we segment all views into moving objects and static background. The background is modeled as multitexture planes using the original camera textures. Moving objects are segmented and tracked in each view. All segmented views of a moving object are combined to a 3-D object, which is positioned and tracked in 3-D. Here we use predefined geometric primitives and map the original textures onto them. Finally the static and dynamic elements are combined to create the reconstructed 3-D scene, where the user can freely navigate, i.e., choose an arbitrary viewpoint and direction. Additionally, the system allows analyzing the 3-D properties of the scene and the moving objects.