gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully integrated, high yielding, high reliability DC contact MEMS switch technology &amp; control IC in standard plastic packages (2011)

In this paper we present a fully integrated, high yielding, high reliability DC contact microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch technology. A high voltage double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (DMOS) driver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is co-packaged with a single-pole-four-throw (SP4T) DC contact MEMS switch in a 5×4×1mm 24-pin quad flat no leads (QFN) plastic package. The MEMS switch process yields >90% on 6 inch wafers and plastic package devices have been subjected to standard IC qualification testing as well as MEMS switch specific lifetime testing over −40°C to 85°C with industry leading results. The MEMS switch is actuated with 80V generated by the control ASIC and exhibits cycle lifetime of > 3 Billion (3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> ) cycles when toggled at 5 kHz. The switches are targeted at radio frequency (RF) switching applications and have insertion loss/isolation of 0.4dB/25dB at 6 GHz. Key challenges overcome were, design of the MEMS switch to ensure high yield and reliability, low thermal sensitivity under the influence of the packaging process, optimization of the contact system, and design of the actuation waveform to enhance lifetime.
Troxerutin protects against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in mice (2011)

Recent findings suggest that neurotoxicity is the mechanism underlying the induction of neuronal insulin resistance by a high cholesterol diet. Troxerutin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to possess biological activity beneficial to human health. Our recent studies have demonstrated that troxerutin attenuates cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by D-galactose in mouse brain through decreasing advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyl levels and enhancing phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt activation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of troxerutin on cognitive impairment induced by brain insulin resistance in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, and explored its potential mechanism. Our results showed that oral administration of troxerutin to these mice significantly improved behavioural performance in a step-through passive avoidance task and a Morris water maze task, at least in part, by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and advanced glycation end products and blocking endoplasmic reticulum stress via reduced phosphorylation of the pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum-resident kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α. Furthermore, troxerutin significantly inhibited the activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 and IκB kinase β/nuclear factor-κB induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhanced insulin signalling pathway, which prevented obesity, restored normal levels of blood glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol and increased the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein and the expression levels of c-fos in the hippocampus. Moreover, troxerutin significantly inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and decreased the activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, and reduced the mean optical density of the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end label-positive cells in the hippocampus. However, intra-cerebroventricular infusion of PI-103, a specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase 110α inhibitor, significantly inhibited the expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase 110α and phosphoinositide 3-kinase downstream signalling in the hippocampus of mice co-treated with high cholesterol and troxerutin and vehicle control mice. These results suggest that troxerutin could be recommended as a possible candidate for the prevention and therapy of cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.
ROCK inhibitor primes human induced pluripotent stem cells to selectively differentiate towards mesendodermal lineage via epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like modulation (2016)

Robust control of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC) differentiation is essential to realize its patient-tailored therapeutic potential. Here, we demonstrate a novel application of Y-27632, a small molecule Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, to significantly influence the differentiation of hIPSCs in a lineage-specific manner. The application of Y-27632 to hIPSCs resulted in a decrease in actin bundling and disruption of colony formation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Such changes in cell and colony morphology were associated with decreased expression of E-cadherin, a cell-cell junctional protein, proportional to the increased exposure to Y-27632. Interestingly, gene and protein expression of pluripotency markers such as NANOG and OCT4 were not downregulated by an exposure to Y-27632 up to 36h. Simultaneously, epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition markers were upregulated with an exposure to Y-27632. These EMT-like changes in the cells with longer exposure to Y-27632 resulted in a significant increase in the subsequent differentiation efficiency towards mesendodermal lineage. In contrast, an inhibitory effect was observed when cells were subjected to ectodermal differentiation after prolonged exposure to Y-27632. Collectively, these results present a novel method for priming hIPSCs to modulate their differentiation potential with a simple application of Y-27632.
Survey of variation in human transcription factors reveals prevalent DNA binding changes (2016)

Sequencing of exomes and genomes has revealed abundant genetic variation affecting the coding sequences of human transcription factors (TFs), but the consequences of such variation remain largely unexplored. We developed a computational, structure-based approach to evaluate TF variants for their impact on DNA binding activity and used universal protein-binding microarrays to assay sequence-specific DNA binding activity across 41 reference and 117 variant alleles found in individuals of diverse ancestries and families with Mendelian diseases. We found 77 variants in 28 genes that affect DNA binding affinity or specificity and identified thousands of rare alleles likely to alter the DNA binding activity of human sequence-specific TFs. Our results suggest that most individuals have unique repertoires of TF DNA binding activities, which may contribute to phenotypic variation.
Experiments on Access to Digital Libraries: How can Images and Text be Used Together (1994)

Should digital libraries be based on image or text display? Which will serve users better? Experience and experiments show that users can employ either, and that there are technical advantages to each format. Often, material in both formats can be used together, and the long-run trend is probably towards Ascii material, even if reached by a circuitous path via images and OCR during a transition.
Specific Phospholipid Requirements for the Solubilization and Reconstitution of D-1 Dopamine Receptors from Striatal Membranes (1994)

We have reported the solubilization and reconstitution of functional D-1 dopamine receptors from rat striatal tissue, using sodium cholate as detergent [Sidhu, A. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 8768-8776]. Critical to our method of extraction was the absolute requirement for the persistent presence of a crude extract of phospholipids (PLs) from bovine brain, during both solubilization of membranes and reconstitution of the soluble extract into PL vesicles. In the absence of PLs, fewer than 10% of the receptors were recovered, while in the presence of PLs, 40% of the receptors were reconstituted into vesicles. To probe the composition of PLs required by D-1 dopamine receptors during these extraction procedures, specific PLs of a defined composition were used during either solubilization or reconstitution alone or during both solubilization and reconstitution. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), when used during the solubilization procedure alone or during both solubilization and reconstitution, resulted in recovery of 41-48% of the D-1 dopamine receptors but was 3.7-fold less effective when present during reconstitution alone (11%). Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), when used during reconstitution alone, resulted in recovery of nearly 25% of the D-1 dopamine receptors. When PE was present during either solubilization or both solubilization and reconstitution, 6-11% of the receptors were recovered. If PE was used with PC in ratios of 1:1 or 2:1, respectively, 28-38% of the receptors were recovered. When PL vesicles of PE:PC were present in ratios of 1:2 during both solubilization and reconstitution, the maximum theoretical (74-87%) recovery of total receptor binding sites was achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Agbami Digital Oilfield Solution and Reliability Assessment of Intelligent Well Completions (2015)

Abstract As at the time the Agbami field came on stream in July 2008, the Digital Oilfield (DOF) solution and indeed the Intelligent Well Completion (IWC) technology were still not widely accepted in the oil and gas industry as a cost-effective, reliable and sustainable method of completing and operating deepwater wells. Agbami development was indeed the first full-scale adoption of this technology for StarDeep Water Petroleum Limited (an affiliate of Chevron Corporation) and since then several other deepwater field developments have leveraged the best practices and lessons learned from the Agbami deployment. Suffice to say that effective cost management is critical to the success of any business especially in the deepwater environment where rig rates and associated costs are high. Most operators tend to adopt a "lean" completions design and cost philosophy since drilling costs will typically not vary much especially in a "post-Macondo" world. One area of immediate completions cost savings is usually the elimination of jewelries like IWC equipment in the completions design. And if you try asking a good old company man, the most likely answer will be "just keep it simple". Though "keeping it simple" will minimize the installation risks and costs in the short term, this has to be balanced with long term surveillance requirements and non-intrusive well optimization and intervention opportunities. This paper discusses the Agbami digital oilfield solution architecture with emphasis on the reliability of the IWC technology deployed. This reliability assessment focuses primarily on analyses of the downhole IWC equipment (sensors and control valves) installed in both producer and injector wells using statistical methods. With over 6 years after first oil, results confirm that most of the Agbami IWC equipment still have high reliability except for a few wells were we have observed failure of the metal-to-metal seal in the interval control valves. The full DOF solution implementation in Agbami has been a critical success factor in guaranteeing the reliability of the wells over the years thus minimizing intervention costs. The cross-functional collaboration within the Agbami team and ongoing engagements with the vendors to identify and implement equipment design improvement opportunities continues to deliver tremendous value.
WEB Image Classification Based on the Fusion of Image and Text Classifiers (2007)

This paper presents a novel method for the classification of images that combines information extracted from the images and contextual information. The main hypothesis is that contextual information related to an image can contribute in the image classification process. First, independent classifiers are designed to deal with images and text. From the images color, shape and texture features are extracted. These features are used with a neural network (NN) classifier to carry out image classification. On the other hand, contextual information is processed and used with a Naive Bayes (NB) classifier. At the end, the outputs of both classifiers are combined through heuristic rules. Experimental results on a database of more than 5,000 HTML documents have shown that the combination of classifiers provides a meaningful improvement (about 16%) in the correct image classification rate relative to the results provided by the NN classifier alone.
A novel multigene family encodes diversified variable regions (1999)

Antigen recognition in the adaptive immune response by Ig and T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) is effected through patterned differences in the peptide sequence in the V regions. V-region specificity forms through genetically programmed rearrangement of individual, diversified segmental elements in single somatic cells. Other Ig superfamily members, including natural killer receptors that mediate cell-surface recognition, do not undergo segmental reorganization, and contain type-2 C (C2) domains, which are structurally distinct from the C1 domains found in Ig and TCR. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs that transduce negative regulatory signals through the cell membrane are found in certain natural killer and other cell surface inhibitory receptors, but not in Ig and TCR. In this study, we employ a genomic approach by using the pufferfish (Spheroides nephelus) to characterize a nonrearranging novel immune-type receptor gene family. Twenty-six different nonrearranging genes, which each encode highly diversified V as well as a V-like C2 extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, and in most instances, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing cytoplasmic tail, are identified in an approximately 113 kb P1 artificial chromosome insert. The presence in novel immune-type receptor genes of V regions that are related closely to those found in Ig and TCR as well as regulatory motifs that are characteristic of inhibitory receptors implies a heretofore unrecognized link between known receptors that mediate adaptive and innate immune functions.
Extremely long period-stacking structure in the Sb–Te binary system (2005)

The crystal structure of the delta-phase in the Sb-Te binary system has been determined by synchrotron powder diffraction. It is clearly shown that many intermetallic compounds, which have different stacking periods depending on compound composition, exist in this phase. These structures are based on the cubic ABC stacking structure, and two kinds of fundamental structural units form an intergrowth along the stacking direction at the atomic level. The chemical formulae of these compounds are expressed as Sb(2n)Te3, where n is an integer and the number of stacking layers is 2n + 3. There is a relationship of inverse proportionality between the stacking period and the Te concentration.
Ferroelectric electron emission cathodes (2002)

Ferroelectric electron emission is a novel type of electron emission from solids. It is observed under unconventional excitations of spontaneously polarized crystals (ferroelectrics) that made it possible to develop a new generation of non-conventional electron cathodes.
100:1 Bandwidth Balun Transformer (1960)

The theory and design of a Tchebycheff tapered balun transformer which will function over frequency bandwidths as great as 100:1 is presented. The balun is an impedance matching transition from coaxial line to a balanced, two-conductor line. The transition is accomplished by cutting open the outer wall of the coax so that a cross-sectional view shows a sector of the outer conductor removed. As one progresses along the balun from the coaxial end, the open sector varies from zero to almost 2π, yielding the transition to a two-conductor line. The balun impedance is tapered so that the input reflection coefficient follows a Tchebycheff response in the pass band. To synthesize the impedance taper, the impedance of a slotted coaxial line was obtained by means of a variational solution which yielded upper and lower bounds to the exact impedance. Slotted line impedance was determined experimentally by painting the line cross section on resistance card using silver paint and measuring the dc resistance of the section. The measured VSWR of a test balun did not exceed 1.25:1 over a 50:1 bandwidth. Dissipative loss was less than 0.1 db over most of the range. Measurements show that the unbalanced current at the output terminals is negligible.
Excitation functions for quasielastic transfer reactions induced with heavy ions in bismuth (1978)

The excitation functions for the production of $^{210}\mathrm{Bi}$, $^{210}\mathrm{Po}$, $^{207\ensuremath{-}211}\mathrm{At}$, and $^{211}\mathrm{Rn}$ through quasielastic transfer reactions induced with heavy ions in $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ have been measured. The corresponding reactions involved the transfer of one neutron, one proton, two charges, and three charges from projectile to target. The projectiles used were $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{19}\mathrm{F}$, $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, and $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$. The experimental techniques involved target irradiations and off-line $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ activity measurements. Chemical separations were used to solve specific problems. Careful measurements of incident energies and cross sections were performed close to the reaction thresholds. All excitation functions exhibit the typical features of quasielastic transfer reactions: a sharp increase at low energy, and a constant value at high incident energy. The position of the thresholds are strongly influenced by the energetics of the reaction: High cross sections are observed under the strong interaction barrier if the energy balance at the minimum distance of approach is positive. This balance is equal to the difference between the interaction potentials in the entrance and exit channels, corrected for the mass balance. The constant cross sections observed for the high energy part of a given excitation function are consistent with the assumption that the curve $P(R)$ which represents the transfer probability versus the distance between the nucleus centers does not vary with incident energy. This assumption implies the constancy of the optimum distance of approach ${R}_{\mathrm{opt}}$, of the $R$ window $\ensuremath{\Delta}R$ for which $P(R)$ is significant, and of the magnitude of $P(R)$. Moreover the data show that the high energy cross sections for one-proton transfer are independent of the projectile, while odd-even effects of the projectile atomic number $Z$ on the two-charge transfer cross sections are observed for the lightest incident ions $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ to $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(\mathrm{HI}, X)$, $^{211,210,209,208,207}\mathrm{At}$, $^{211}\mathrm{Rn}$, with HI=$^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{19}\mathrm{F}$, $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$. $\frac{E}{A}\ensuremath{\simeq}4.5\ensuremath{-}10$ MeV/nucleon. Measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$.
Repression of ferritin expression increases the labile iron pool, oxidative stress, and short-term growth of human erythroleukemia cells (2001)

The role of ferritin expression on the labile iron pool of cells and its implications for the control of cell proliferation were assessed. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were used as tools for modulating the expression of heavy and light ferritin subunits of K562 cells. mRNA and protein levels of each subunit were markedly reduced by 2-day treatment with antisense probes against the respective subunit. Although the combined action of antisense probes against both subunits reduced their protein expression, antisense repression of one subunit led to an increased protein expression of the other. Antisense treatment led to a rise in the steady-state labile iron pool, a rise in the production of reactive oxygen species after pro-oxidative challenges and in protein oxidation, and the down-regulation of transferrin receptors. When compared to the repression of individual subunits, co-repression of each subunit evoked a more than additive increase in the labile iron pool and the extent of protein oxidation. These treatments had no detectable effects on the long-term growth of cells. However, repression of ferritin synthesis facilitated the renewal of growth and the proliferation of cells pre-arrested at the G(1)/S phase. Renewed cell growth was significantly less dependent on external iron supply when ferritin synthesis was repressed and its degradation inhibited by lysosomal antiproteases. This study provides experimental evidence that links the effect of ferritin repression on growth stimulation to the expansion of the labile iron pool.
Performance comparison of differential multiple transmit diversity schemes for OFDM systems (2005)

Differential transmit diversity is an attractive alternative to its coherent counterpart, especially for multiple antenna systems where channel estimation is more difficult to attain compared to that of single antenna systems. In this paper we compare two different types of differential transmit diversity techniques for OFDM based transmissions. The first technique uses Differential Space-Time Block Codes (DSTBC) from orthogonal designs and the second uses the Differential Cyclic Delay Diversity (DCDD). The results compare the bit error performance for several transmit antenna configurations. The results show that DCDD offers a very close performance to that of DSTBC, with the advantage of a simplified receiver structure.
Immunohistochemical localization of short chain cartilage collagen (type X) in avian tissues. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against the recently described short chain cartilage collagen (type X collagen), and one (AC9) was extensively characterized and used for immunohistochemical localization studies on chick tissues. By competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibody AC9 was observed to bind to an epitope within the helical domain of type X collagen and did not react with the other collagen types tested, including the minor cartilage collagens 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, and HMW-LMW. Indirect immunofluorescence analyses with this antibody were performed on unfixed cryostat sections from various skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. Only those of skeletal origin showed detectable reactivity. Within the cartilage portion of the 13-d-old embryonic tibiotarsus (a developing long bone) fluorescence was observed only in that region of the diaphysis containing hypertrophic chondrocytes. None was detectable in adjacent regions or in the epiphysis. Slight fluorescence was also present within the surrounding sleeve of periosteal bone. Consistent with these results, the antibody did not react with the cartilages of the trachea and sclera, which do not undergo hypertrophy during the stages examined. It did, however, lightly react with the parietal bones of the head, which form by intramembranous ossification. These results are consistent with our earlier biochemical analyses, which showed type X collagen to be a product of that subpopulation of chondrocytes that have undergone hypertrophy. In addition, either it or an immunologically cross-reactive molecule is also present in bone, and exhibits a diminished fluorescent intensity as compared with hypertrophic cartilage.