gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemokines as Immune Mediators of Liver Diseases Related to the Metabolic Syndrome (2010)

The further elucidation of the pathophysiology of NASH will lead to new therapeutic options to halt or reverse progressive liver disease. In this respect, chemokines are attractive target molecules, as they influence immunologic and metabolic pathways and the first oral chemokine receptor antagonists have already been licensed for humans.
The MiTAP System for Monitoring Reports of Disease Outbreak (2006)

Abstract : The MiTAP system was developed as an experimental prototype using human language technologies for monitoring infectious disease outbreaks and other global disasters. MiTAP is designed to provide timely multi-lingual information access to analysts, medical experts, health services, and individuals involved in humanitarian assistance and relief work. Every day, thousands of articles from hundreds of global information sources are automatically captured, filtered, translated, tagged, summarized, categorized by content, and made available to users via a news server and web-based search engine. Information extraction technology plays a critical role in many of these processes, presenting information in a variety of time-saving mechanisms to facilitate browsing, searching, sorting, and scanning of articles. Machine translation provides analysts with access to foreign language information otherwise unavailable. We have created a novel prototype by integrating MiTAP with an expert system to help analysts and public health officials deal with overwhelming amounts of data and information in the biomedical domain, specifically relating to disease outbreaks. By providing the analyst with alerts to indications of disease-related activities, the prototype attempts to detect early signs of disease outbreak in non-traditional data sources, giving the analyst more time to focus on potentially interesting data while reducing the time spent investigating false alarms and insignificant events.
Integrated control and monitoring systems-a growing requirement (1988)

Traditionally the control and monitoring of a ship propulsion, electrical generation, auxiliaries and damage control has been carried out using independent systems. Some equipment has been remotely controlled from the machinery control room or the bridge, but for many auxiliaries only local control has been provided. However, there has been a trend towards combining these systems to facilitate operation from one position, and increasing the extent of remote control and automation. Instead of propulsion control with 200-300 points, requirements now include most of the main ship machinery and need 3000 to 4000 points. Such systems are well within the scope of industrial automation techniques, but these have been adopted less readily on merchant ships, while war ship designers have been even more cautious. This is because of real concerns as to whether the equipment will perform adequately under all expected shipboard conditions. The main areas where doubts arise have been fault tolerance, operator overload in emergencies and the ability to find and repair defects. The paper discusses the design of a system to meet the requirements. >
Adaptive Transmission Power Protocol for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

A novel communication protocol - Adaptive Transmission Power Protocol - for Wireless Sensor Networks with the facility of reconfiguring the transmission power of the hardware is presented. Specifications of the protocol including the packet format and the contention avoidance methods are described. The protocol is implemented on a hardware platform and the performance is considered for a fundamental operation. The results show that non-overlapping regions exist for different transmission power levels where the system performance is optimum. More importantly, these regions move farther from the node with increase in transmission power level. It is observed that reconfiguring transmission power levels is an effective way of saving energy in Wireless Sensor Networks, the operation of which is abstracted by the implementation of the Adaptive Transmission Power Protocol.
Problems Hindering the Job Performance of Women Executives in Private Sector Banks in Puducherry (2012)

India is a country with diverse traditions and customs. Liberalization Globalization and Privatization (LPG) of the Indian economy has thrown up considerable employment opportunities for those, including women, who possess marketable skills and talent. Historically, majority of women employees in India have not attained a good status in workplace settings whether in managerial or operative roles. This traditional positioning of women has restricted the intensity of their efforts towards realizing the benefits of the globalisation process. Indian women is distinct from their western counter parts in that they do not shed their conventional roles as mothers and house wives inspire of their professional responsibilities. They are skilled at blending professional excellence and traditional love for home harmoniously. In the process of balancing work and home life, they encounter a plethora of problems. The study is purely exploratory in nature and seeks to identify the factors preventing women employees from aspiring for higher post and problems hindering the work performance of women executives in private sector banks in Pondicherry. Further this aims also at finding out the organizational support for women employees to achieve better work performance. The conclusion has been given.
Full stereochemical understanding in a new (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-hydroxyisoleucine synthesis (2001)

We present the crystal and molecular structures of 2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6,8-methano-7,7,8a-trimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-oxopropylidene)-5H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-one, C16H21NO3, (III), and 2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3-(2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)-6,8-methano-7,7,8a-trimethyl-5H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-one, C16H25NO3, (V). These compounds are two of the four key intermediates in our synthetic route to (2R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxyisoleucine. The two structures provide a full understanding of the stereochemistry in successive steps. This synthesis was based on a new optically pure chiral oxazinone auxiliary derived from (1R,2R,5R)-2-hydroxypinan-3-one.
Voltage noise measurements across the pancreatic beta‐cell membrane: calcium channel characteristics. (1981)

1. Membrane potential fluctuations were measured in cells from mouse Islets of Langerhans identified as beta-cells by the characteristic pattern of electrical activity induced by 11 mM-D-glucose. 2. The membrane potential was controlled by adjusting the external potassium concentration, [K+]o, keeping the sum [Na+]o plus [K+]o constant. In the absence of glucose, when [K+]o is raised, the resulting depolarization is accompanied by a significant increase in voltage noise. 3 The amplitude and time course of the voltage noise were measured under various experimental conditions. The variance of the fluctuating voltage decreased monotonically along the depolarization induced by sudden increase in [K+]o, suggesting a monotonic reduction in the number of elementary events. 4. The frequency characteristics of the excess noise could be analysed as the sum of 1/f and 1/f2 components. While the 1/f component remained unaffected by the external application of 20mM-tetraethylammonium (TEA) and either 2 mM-Mn2+ or 2 mM-Co2+, the 1/f2 component was suppressed by both Mn2+ and Co2+. 5. The corner frequency, fc, of the 1/f2 component depended on membrane potential, which was adjusted by adjusting the [K+]o jump. These results support the idea that fc in these experiments is a measure of the channel relaxation. 6. Measurements of the input resistance in the frequency range from 0 to 25 Hz were used to obtain a rough estimate of the size of the channel conductance as 5 x 10(-12) omega (-1).
Modulation classification using a neutral tree network (2002)

A new classifier is presented for estimating the modulation type for digitally modulated signals. The new classifier is known as the neural tree network (NTN). The NTN is a self-organizing, hierarchical classifier that implements a sequential linear decision strategy. The NTN does not require a statistical analysis of the features, as do Bayesian methods or decision trees. The NTN also allows for a more flexible partitioning of feature space than the prior classification methods. The features used for modulation classification are obtained from an autoregressive model of the signal. These features include the instantaneous frequency, bandwidth, and derivative of the instantaneous frequency. The modulation types to be estimated are continuous wave, binary and quadrature phase shift keying, and binary and quadrature frequency shift keying. The experiment results show the NTN to perform well for low carrier to noise ratio (CNR) input signals, in addition to outperforming the decision tree classifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Brain Regions Responsive to Novelty in the Absence of Awareness (1997)

Brain regions responsive to novelty, without awareness, were mapped in humans by positron emission tomography. Participants performed a simple reaction-time task in which all stimuli were equally likely but, unknown to them, followed a complex sequence. Measures of behavioral performance indicated that participants learned the sequences even though they were unaware of the existence of any order. Once the participants were trained, a subtle and unperceived change in the nature of the sequence resulted in increased blood flow in a network comprising the left premotor area, left anterior cingulate, and right ventral striatum. Blood flow decreases were observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal areas. The time course of these changes suggests that the ventral striatum is responsive to novel information, and the right prefrontal area is associated with the maintenance of contextual information, and both processes can occur without awareness.
Warm blood cardioplegia versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (2018)

We retrospectively analyzed early results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery using two different types of cardioplegia for myocardial protection: antegrade intermittent warm blood or cold crystalloid cardioplegia. From January 2015 to October 2016, 330 consecutive patients underwent isolated on-pump CABG. Cardiac arrest was obtained with use of warm blood cardioplegia (WBC group, <i>n</i> = 297) or cold crystalloid cardioplegia (CCC group, <i>n</i> = 33), according to the choice of the surgeon. Euroscore II and preoperative characteristics were similar in both groups, except for the creatinine clearance, slightly lower in WBC group (77.33 ± 27.86 mL/min versus 88.77 ± 51.02 mL/min) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Complete revascularization was achieved in both groups. In-hospital mortality was 2.0% (<i>n</i> = 6) in WBC group, absent in CCC group. The required mean number of cardioplegia's doses per patient was higher in WBC group (2.3 ± 0.8) versus CCC group (2.0 ± 0.7) (<i>P</i> = 0.045), despite a lower number of distal coronary artery anastomoses (2.7 ± 0.8 versus 3.2 ± 0.9) (<i>P</i> = 0.0001). Cardiopulmonary and aortic cross-clamp times were similar in both groups. The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (WBC group 3.4% versus CCC group 3.0%) and low cardiac output syndrome (4.4% versus 3.0%) were similar in both groups. As compared with WBC group, in CCC group CK-MB/CK ratio >10% was lower during each time points of evaluation, with a statistical significant difference at time 0 (4% ± 1.6% versus 5% ± 2.5%) (<i>P</i> = 0.021). In presence of complete revascularization, despite the value of CK-MB/CK ratio >10% was less in the CCC group, clinical results were not affected by both types of cardioplegia adopted to myocardial protection. As compared with cold crystalloid, warm blood cardioplegia requires a shorter interval of administration to achieve better myocardial protection.
Osteoclastic responses to various calcium phosphates in cell cultures (1999)

Disks made of hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, carbonate apatite, tetracalcium phosphate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and octacalcium phosphate were incubated in osteoclastic cell cultures for 2 days. The first five salts were sintered and the last two were compressed before incubation. Osteoclasts resorbed only the sintered carbonate apatite disks. However, osteoclasts were able to resorb octacalcium phosphate disks that were preincubated for 1 day in medium without cells, indicating that surface conditioning was important for osteoclastic resorption of this calcium phosphate. Although resorption did not occur, medium calcium and phosphorus changed to an appreciable extent after a 2-day incubation of beta-tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. These changes in the medium calcium and phosphate concentrations could explain why osteoclasts appeared to have lost their activity on these calcium phosphate disks and were not capable of resorbing them. With hydroxyapatite disks no changes were observed in the medium calcium and phosphorus before and after incubation. Moreover, the osteoclasts appeared to be essentially the same as with the sintered carbonate apatite disks and with bone slices used as a control. Nevertheless, no pits or lacunae were observed on the hydroxyapatite disks, indicating that sintered carbonate apatite should be superior to sintered hydroxyapatite as a bioresorbable bone substitute.
Dynamic Manipulation of Hydrogels to Control Cell Behavior: A Review (2013)

For many tissue engineering applications and studies to understand how materials fundamentally affect cellular functions, it is important to have the ability to synthesize biomaterials that can mimic elements of native cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Hydrogels possess many properties that are desirable for studying cell behavior. For example, hydrogels are biocompatible and can be biochemically and mechanically altered by exploiting the presentation of cell adhesive epitopes or by changing hydrogel crosslinking density. To establish physical and biochemical tunability, hydrogels can be engineered to alter their properties upon interaction with external driving forces such as pH, temperature, electric current, as well as exposure to cytocompatible irradiation. Additionally, hydrogels can be engineered to respond to enzymes secreted by cells, such as matrix metalloproteinases and hyaluronidases. This review details different strategies and mechanisms by which biomaterials, specifically hydrogels, can be manipulated dynamically to affect cell behavior. By employing the appropriate combination of stimuli and hydrogel composition and architecture, cell behavior such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation can be controlled in real time. This three-dimensional control in cell behavior can help create programmable cell niches that can be useful for fundamental cell studies and in a variety of tissue engineering applications.
Immunohistochemical Study of Erythropoietin in Cerebellar Hemangioblastomas Associated with Secondary Polycythemia (1991)

Abstract Although cerebellar hemangioblastomas are known to be associated with secondary polycythemia, the cellular derivation of erythropoietin (EPO) in hemangioblastomas still remains obscure. Specimens from 18 patients with cerebellar hemangioblastomas were immunohistochemically studied using anti-EPO monoclonal antibody. Eight cases of brain tumors, including 2 meningiomas, 2 medulloblastomas, 2 glioblastomas, and 2 metastatic brain tumors were studied as controls. In 9 of 18 cases, EPO-positive cells were scattered around the capillaries and were ultrastructurally shown to be mast cells. These cases were not, however, associated with secondary polycythemia. In contrast, the stromal cells were positive for EPO in 3 cases. Among them, one was associated with secondary polycythemia. Furthermore, one-half of the control cases of brain tumor contained EPO-positive mast cells. Accordingly, it was suggested that mast cells (or small granulocytes) have little relationship to the release of EPO; however, some stromal cells might release EPO with a resultant polycythemia.
Improved navigator based diffusion tensor MRI of the human heart in vivo (2013)

Background In vivo Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging (cDTI) remains extremely challenging due to a mixture of cardiac and respiratory motion. In previous work a prospective navigator technique (NAV) has been implemented and compared to breath-hold (BH) acquisitions. Statistically significant differences were found between BH and NAV techniques for helix-angle (HA) values. Further interrogation of the data suggested that the inconsistent HA patterns were found in NAV data sets in which a small fraction (up to 10%) of the diffusion-weighted frames had signal voids in some part of the LV. The purpose of this work was to improve the robustness of the NAV technique.
Augmented reality goggles with an integrated tracking system for navigation in neurosurgery (2012)

Precise tumor identification is crucial in image-guided neurosurgical procedures. With existing navigation systems, the surgeon must turn away from the patient to view the imaging data on a separate monitor. In this study, an innovative system is introduced that illustrates the tumor boundaries precisely augmented on the spot where the tumor is located with regard to the patient. Additionally, it allows the surgeon to track the distal end of the tools contextually, where direct visualization is not possible. In this approach, the tracking system is compact and worn by the surgeon, eliminating the need for additional devices that are bulky and typically limited by line of sight constraints.
Influence of receptor flexibility on intramolecular H-bonding interactions (2015)

Atropisomers of a series of zinc tetraphenyl porphyrins were synthesized and used as supramolecular receptors. Rotation around the porphyrin-meso phenyl bonds is restricted by installing ortho-chlorine substituents on the phenyl groups. The chlorine substituents allowed chromatographic separation of atropisomers, which did not interconvert at room temperature. The porphyrin meso phenyl groups were also equipped with phenol groups, which led to the formation of intramolecular H-bonds when the zinc porphyrins were bound to pyridine ligands equipped with ester or amide side arms. Binding of the pyridine ligands with the conformationally locked chloroporphyrins was compared with the corresponding unsubstituted porphyrins, which are more flexible. The association constants of 150 zinc porphyrin-pyridine complexes were measured in two different solvents, toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). These association constants were then used to construct 120 chemical double mutant cycles to quantify the influence of chlorine substitution on the free energy of intramolecular H-bonds formed between the phenol side arms of the porphyrins and the ester or amide side arms of the pyridine ligands. Conformational restriction leads to increases in the stability of some complexes and decreases in the stability of others with variations in the free energy contribution due to intramolecular H-bonding of -5 to +6 kJ mol(-1).
Novel therapy in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): moving toward targeted approaches (2019)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and complex disease characterized by rapid cellular proliferation, an aggressive clinical course, and generally high mortality. While progress has been made in the understanding of the genetic and molecular biology of the disease, the standard of care for patients had only changed minimally over the past 40 years. Recently, rapid movement of potentially useful agents from bench to bedside has translated into new therapies either recently approved or in clinical trials. These therapies include improved chemotherapies, mutationally targeted inhibitors, pro-apoptotic agents, microenvironment targeting molecules, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, and epigenetic regulators. Furthermore, advances in immunotherapy employ monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccines provide an alternative pathway for AML treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent results of completed or ongoing clinical trials with these novel therapeutic agents in AML.
연구논문 : 제주MICE산업 개최장소로서 컨벤션센터와 특급호텔의 비교 (2014)

The MICE industry, which stands for meeting, incentive, convention and exhibition, is growing at a rapid speed worldwide, and since Korean Government officially identified the MICE industry as one of the ’17 New Growth Engine Industries’, has been recognized as a high value adding business in the country as well. With the MICE industry becoming more diverse, the venue is becoming more varied. MICE events are being held in not only the conference centers but also other facilities such as hotels and universities, etc. in contrast to previous trend that MICE events tended to be held in the convention centers mainly. So, the aim of this study is trying to investigate the attributes of venue selection in MICE industry, the competitiveness of the convention center and deluxe hotel in Jeju as a MICE venue and its influence toward MICE industry performance of the two venues. By surveying professionals from this industry, I come up with the conclusion that the convention center is a good place for ‘Convention’ and ‘Exhibition’ and the deluxe hotel for ‘Incentive tour’. I suggest that both venues choose cooperation each other rather than competition to enhance and improve the competitiveness of each other as a partner.
Prediction of Aged Red Wine Aroma Properties from Aroma Chemical Composition. Partial Least Squares Regression Models (2003)

Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models able to predict some of the wine aroma nuances from its chemical composition have been developed. The aromatic sensory characteristics of 57 Spanish aged red wines were determined by 51 experts from the wine industry. The individual descriptions given by the experts were recorded, and the frequency with which a sensory term was used to define a given wine was taken as a measurement of its intensity. The aromatic chemical composition of the wines was determined by already published gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector and GC-mass spectrometry methods. In the whole, 69 odorants were analyzed. Both matrixes, the sensory and chemical data, were simplified by grouping and rearranging correlated sensory terms or chemical compounds and by the exclusion of secondary aroma terms or of weak aroma chemicals. Finally, models were developed for 18 sensory terms and 27 chemicals or groups of chemicals. Satisfactory models, explaining more than 45% of the original variance, could be found for nine of the most important sensory terms (wood-vanillin-cinnamon, animal-leather-phenolic, toasted-coffee, old wood-reduction, vegetal-pepper, raisin-flowery, sweet-candy-cacao, fruity, and berry fruit). For this set of terms, the correlation coefficients between the measured and predicted Y (determined by cross-validation) ranged from 0.62 to 0.81. Models confirmed the existence of complex multivariate relationships between chemicals and odors. In general, pleasant descriptors were positively correlated to chemicals with pleasant aroma, such as vanillin, beta damascenone, or (E)-beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone, and negatively correlated to compounds showing less favorable odor properties, such as 4-ethyl and vinyl phenols, 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol, or phenylacetaldehyde.