gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-color centers implanted in diamond nanostructures (2011)

The development of materials processing techniques for optical diamond nanostructures containing a single color center is an important problem in quantum science and technology. In this work, we present the combination of ion implantation and top-down diamond nanofabrication in two scenarios: diamond nanopillars and diamond nanowires. The first device consists of a 'shallow' implant (~20nm) to generate Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers near the top surface of the diamond crystal. Individual NV centers are then isolated mechanically by dry etching a regular array of nanopillars in the diamond surface. Photon anti-bunching measurements indicate that a high yield (>10%) of the devices contain a single NV center. The second device demonstrates 'deep' (~1\mu m) implantation of individual NV centers into pre-fabricated diamond nanowire. The high single photon flux of the nanowire geometry, combined with the low background fluorescence of the ultrapure diamond, allows us to sustain strong photon anti-bunching even at high pump powers.
Growth factor-induced epidermal invasion of the dermis in human skin organ culture: expression and role of matrix metalloproteinases. (1996)

Matrix metalloproteinase activity was assessed in culture fluids of organ-cultured human skin by gelatin zymography. Both the 92-kD gelatinase/type IV collagenase and the 72-kD gelatinase/type IV collagenase were detected. Production of the 92-kD enzyme was substantially increased in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as compared to control but not in the presence of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). This is of interest because our recent studies have shown that EGF and HGF induce the epithelial cells to invade the underlying stroma while normal architecture is maintained in the presence of IGF-1 and KGF. Addition of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 to the organ culture fluids blocked expression of the active forms of both enzymes and concomitantly blocked invasion. Epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and dermal endothelial cells were grown in monolayer culture and examined for matrix metalloproteinase production. The 92-kD enzyme accounted for most of the gelatinase activity in keratinocyte culture fluids while the 72-kD enzyme accounted for most of the activity in the dermal fibroblast and endothelial cell culture fluids. Increased production of the 92-kD enzyme was seen in keratinocytes upon exposure to the growth factors that induced invasion (EGF and HGF) while the two factors that did not induce invasion (IGF-1 and KGF) were much less effective. Production of the 72-kD enzyme in fibroblasts and endothelial cells was not upregulated by any of the four growth factors. Taken together, these data indicate that matrix metalloproteinase activity is increased in the epithelium under the influence of invasion-inducing growth factors and contributes to invasion.
Optimal selection of camera parameters for recovery of depth from defocused images (2002)

In the depth from defocus (DFD) method two defocused images of a scene are obtained by capturing the scene with different sets of camera parameters. An arbitrary selection of the camera settings can result in observed images whose relative blurring is insufficient to yield a good estimate of the depth. In this paper, we study the effect of the degree of relative blurring on the accuracy of the estimate of the depth by addressing the DFD problem in a maximum likelihood-based framework. We propose a criterion for optimal selection of camera parameters to obtain an improved estimate of the depth. The optimality criterion is based on the Cramer-Rao bound of the variance of the error in the estimate of blur. Simulations as well as experimental results on real images are presented for validation.
Simple method for measuring phase modulation in liquid crystal televisions (1994)

The relative phase shift of light transmitted through a liquid crystal television (LCTV) panel as a function of the applied voltage on the LCTV can be obtained by writing a Ronchi grating pattern to the LCTV and measuring the intensities in the diffraction pattern at the Fourier plane combined with the amplitude modulation factor. A kinoform is synthesized on the LCTV based on the measured phase shift demonstrating the phase-mostly modulation.
Adverse Effects of Excessive Consumption of Amino Acids (1984)

PHENYLALANINE TOXICITY 158 Developing the 0. -M ethylphenylalanine Model. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Use of the a-Methyl phenylalanine Model in Brain Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 TYROSINE TOXICITY 162 General Nutritional Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Factors Affecting Tissue Concentrations of Tyrosine . ... .. .. .. ...... . . . . . . .. . . 163 Probable Cause of Tyrosine Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 A New Animal Model for Human Tyrosinemia II 165 TRYPTOPHAN TOXICITy 165 General Nutritional Observations . .. ....... . ....... . .... . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. ..... ......... 165 Factors Affecting Tryptophan Toxicity . . . .. . . . . . . . .... . ........ 166 Tryptophan and Ruminant Interstitial Pulmonary Emphysema and Edema ..... . . . . . . . 167 HISTIDINE TOXICITY 168 General Nutritional Observations ...... ........ . . . . ..... . ...... .. . 168 Metabolic Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Alleviation of Histidine Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 METHIONINE TOXICITY 171 General Nutritional Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Tissue Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 172 Protective Effect of Glycine, Serine, or Retinol . . . .. ....... . ......... . ......... .. . .. . . ...... 172 Chemical Characteristics Related to the Toxicity of Methionine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Damaging Effects of Methanethiol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 173 Met�io,!ine To�i.city in Chickens 174 EthlOnme TOxIcIty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 174
Target-induced inactivation and cell death by apoptosis in a subset of human NK cells (1996)

Interaction of sensitive target cells with NK cells results in both positive and negative signaling. Positive signaling results in the induction of NK cytotoxicity and sensitization for IL-2-mediated proliferation and secretion of cytokines. Negative signaling prevents the NK cells from recycling for cytotoxicity. Functional inactivation is restricted to the NK-target conjugate subset sparing the nonconjugating free NK subset. The mechanism of target-induced inactivation of NK cells was examined in cell-sorted and purified conjugates. The conjugates were subdivided into two fractions; in one fraction the NK cells were dissociated from the target (NKDC), and in the other fraction the conjugates were not disturbed (NKC). After coculture overnight with IL-2, the cytotoxic function of NKC was not augmented although a subpopulation proliferated and secreted TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma into the supernatant. In contrast, NKDC cytotoxic activity was enhanced by IL-2, but proliferated poorly and did not secrete TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma following IL-2 activation. The phenotype of the inactive NKC was found to be CD16dim/- CD692+ CD11b2+. Target-mediated inactivation correlated with target cell sensitivity to NK cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a significant fraction of NK cells in the NKC was programmed for cell death by apoptosis. Altogether, these results demonstrate that sensitive targets inactivate NK cells for cytotoxicity resulting in loss of NK cells. Furthermore, the results suggest that signaling for cytotoxic function by target cells is not linked to signaling for proliferation and secretion of cytokines by NK cells.
Cathepsin D Is Present in Human Eccrine Sweat and Involved in the Postsecretory Processing of the Antimicrobial Peptide DCD-1L (2005)

The protein pattern of healthy human eccrine sweat was investigated and 10 major proteins were detected from which apolipoprotein D, lipophilin B, and cathepsin D (CatD) were identified for the first time in human eccrine sweat. We focused our studies on the function of the aspartate protease CatD in sweat. In vitro digestion experiments using a specific fluorescent CatD substrate showed that CatD is enzymatically active in human sweat. To identify potential substrates of CatD in human eccrine sweat LL-37 and DCD-1L, two antimicrobial peptides present in sweat, were digested in vitro with purified CatD. LL-37 was not significantly digested by CatD, whereas DCD-1L was cleaved between Leu(44) and Asp(45) and between Leu(29) and Glu(30) almost completely. The DCD-1L-derived peptides generated in vitro by CatD were also found in vivo in human sweat as determined by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. Furthermore, besides the CatD-processed peptides we identified additionally DCD-1L-derived peptides that are generated upon cleavage with a 1,10-phenanthroline-sensitive carboxypeptidase and an endoprotease. Taken together, proteolytic processing generates 12 DCD-1L-derived peptides. To elucidate the functional significance of postsecretory processing the antimicrobial activity of three CatD-processed DCD-1L peptides was tested. Whereas two of these peptides showed no activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, one DCD-1L-derived peptide showed an even higher activity against Escherichia coli than DCD-1L. Functional analysis indicated that proteolytic processing of DCD-1L by CatD in human sweat modulates the innate immune defense of human skin.
Measurement of the Direct Electro-Optic Effect in Quartz at UHF (1963)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. D. Eden and G. H. Thiess, "Measurement of the Direct Electro-Optic Effect in Quartz at UHF," Appl. Opt. 2, 868-869 (1963) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
New Access to Noradamantanes via Generation of Selectively Protected Bicyclic β-Diketones (1975)

The synthesis of 2,9-disubstituted and 2- and 9-monosubstituted noradamantanes is described starting from 4-acetoxycyclohexanone. The key step in this approach is the generation of selectively protected 7-acetoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,9-dione by trapping the imminium salt precursor by an acetalyzing reagent.
Synthesis, Biodegradability, and Biocompatibility of Lysine Diisocyanate–Glucose Polymers (2002)

The success of a tissue-engineering application depends on the use of suitable biomaterials that degrade in a timely manner and induce the least immunogenicity in the host. With this purpose in mind, we have attempted to synthesize a novel nontoxic biodegradable lysine diisocyanate (LDI)- and glucose-based polymer via polymerization of highly purified LDI with glucose and its subsequent hydration to form a spongy matrix. The LDI-glucose polymer was degradable in aqueous solutions at 37, 22, and 4 degrees C, and yielded lysine and glucose as breakdown products. The degradation products of the LDI-glucose polymer did not significantly affect the pH of the solution. The physical properties of the polymer were found to be adequate for supporting cell growth in vitro, as evidenced by the fact that rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) attached to the polymer matrix, remained viable on its surface, and formed multilayered confluent cultures with retention of their phenotype over a period of 2 to 4 weeks. These observations suggest that the LDI-glucose polymer and its degradation products were nontoxic in vitro. Further examination in vivo over 8 weeks revealed that subcutaneous implantation of hydrated matrix degraded in vivo three times faster than in vitro. The implanted polymer was not immunogenic and did not induce antibody responses in the host. Histological analysis of the implanted polymer showed that LDI-glucose polymer induced a minimal foreign body reaction, with formation of a capsule around the degrading polymer. The results suggest that biodegradable peptide-based polymers can be synthesized, and may potentially find their way into biomedical applications because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility.
High-Q Slow-Wave Transmission Line for Chip Area Reduction on Advanced CMOS Processes (2007)

A slow-wave transmission line (SWTL) structure has been presented in earlier works for advanced CMOS processes. This structure has a high quality factor and low attenuation. It is now shown that this structure also allows slow-waves to propagate which results in a short wavelength for chip area-reduction. It is shown in this work, using test structures measurements, that the wavelength-reduction property can be varied by the coplanar dimensions of the lines. This structure is also designed to satisfy the stringent density requirements of advanced CMOS processes. Test structures were fabricated using CMOS 90 nm process technology with measurements made up to 110 GHz.
A Comparison of Particle-Particle, Particle-Mesh and Ewald Methods for Calculating Electrostatic Interactions in Periodic Molecular Systems (1994)

Abstract We compare the Particle-Particle Particle-Mesh (PPPM) and Ewald methods for calculating electrostatic interactions in periodic molecular systems. A brief comparison of the theories shows that the methods are very similar differing mainly in the technique which is used to perform the “k-space” or mesh calculation. Because the PPPM utilizes the highly efficient numerical Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method it requires significantly less computational effort than the Ewald method and scales almost linearly with system size.
Intracavity CO laser photoacoustic trace gas detection: cyclic CH_4, H_2O and CO_2 emission by cockroaches and scarab beetles (1996)

A liquid-nitrogen-cooled CO laser and an intracavity resonant photoacoustic cell are employed to monitor trace gases. The setup was designed to monitor trace gas emissions of biological samples on line. The arrangement offers the possibility to measure gases at the 10(9) by volume (ppbv) level (e.g., CH(4), H(2) O) and to detect rapid changes in trace gas emission. A detection limit of 1 ppbv for CH(4) in N(2) equivalent to a minimal detectable absorption of 3 × 10(-9) cm(-1) can be achieved. Because of the kinetic cooling effect we lowered the detection limit for CH(4) in air is decreased to 10 ppbv. We used the instrument in a first application to measure the CH(4) and H(2) O emission of individual cockroaches and scarab beetles. These emissions could be correlated with CO(2) emissions that were recorded simultaneously with an infrared gas analyzer. Characteristic breathing patterns of the insects could be observed; unexpectedly methane was also found to be released.
Abstract 467: Neural Stem Cells Contribute to Peripheral Nerve Repair by Coordinated Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis (2007)

The effect of 300 mg cimetidine q.i.d. on ulcer healing was studied in a controlled double-blind clinical trial of 71 in-patients with duodenal ulcer. Healing occurred in 48.5% of patients in the cimetidine group after two weeks, and in 20.6% in the placebo group (P less than 0.05). The healing rate was 88% in the cimetidine group at four weeks, 79.4% in the placebo group. Only during the first day was ulcer pain significantly reduced in the cimetidine-treated patients. Neither basal nor pentagastrin-stimulated acid and pepsin secretions were affected by 17-day administration of cimetidine. The drug had to be withdrawn in two patients because of elevated serum-creatinine levels. There was no other untoward effect.
Cyclophilin D: Knocking On Death’s Door (2005)

Two recent genetic studies have identified a critical role for cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, in cell death induced by calcium, reactive oxygen species, and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transgenic mice lacking cyclophilin D developed normally but showed reduced infarct size after coronary artery ligation and reperfusion. Cells from the knockout mice were resistant to death imposed by excess calcium and H2O2, but not to death from x-irradiation, staurosporine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or forced expression of proapoptotic proteins. These data raise questions about the relationship between apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and they also highlight cyclophilin D as a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction.
Devices for Aerosol Delivery to Treat Sinusitis (2007)

Compared to research into aerosolized delivery of drugs to treat lung disease, research into nasal delivery of aerosolized drugs to treat sinusitis has been significantly neglected. This is despite the fact that more individuals suffer from sinusitis in the United States than suffer from asthma, and its consequences lead to considerable amounts of discomfort, lost work days, and money spent on health care. A number of studies have shown that a high proportion of aerosolized medications delivered by metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and aqueous spray devices deposits in the anterior one-third of the nasal cavity. However, the important targets for treating sinusitis lie beyond this region. These include the middle meatus, the superior and posterior regions of the nasal cavity and the sinuses themselves. This review examines the particle-related and device-related factors that are known to improve intranasal delivery of aerosolized medications to these targets and their efficacy in patients with disease. Based on this review, it is recommended that companies that are interested in improving aerosol delivery to treat sinusitis utilize both in vivo imaging modalities and in vitro models of the nasal cavity and sinuses to assess intranasal aerosol delivery and device performance during the development stage. Once device design has been optimized, it is recommended that device manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies move beyond the current reliance on anecdotal reporting and uncontrolled studies to clinical trials that are randomized and placebo-controlled and that quantify changes both in symptoms and in functional parameters to determine drug efficacy with their device.
Analysis of murein and murein precursors during antibiotic-induced lysis of Escherichia coli (1991)

Lysis of Escherichia coli induced by either D-cycloserine, moenomycin, or penicillin G was monitored by studying murein metabolism. The levels of the soluble murein precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-m-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl- D-alanine (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide) and the carrier-linked MurNAc-(pentapeptide)-pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol as well as N-acetylglucosamine-beta-1,4-MurNAc-(pentapeptide)-pyrophosphoryl- undecaprenol varied in a specific way. In the presence of penicillin, which is known to interfere with the cross-linking of murein, the concentration of the lipid-linked precursors unexpectedly decreased before the onset of lysis, although the level of UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide remained normal. In the case of moenomycin, which specifically blocks the formation of the murein polysaccharide strands, the lipid-linked precursors as well as UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide accumulated as was expected. D-Cycloserine, which inhibits the biosynthesis of UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide, consequently caused a decrease in all three precursors. The muropeptide composition of the murein showed general changes such as an increase in the unusual DL-cross bridge between two neighboring meso-diaminopimelic acid residues and, as a result of uncontrolled DL- and DD-carboxypeptidase activity, an increase in tripeptidyl and a decrease in tetrapeptidyl and pentapeptidyl moieties. The average length of the glycan strands decreased. When the glycan strands were fractionated according to length, a dramatic increase in the amount of single disaccharide units was observed not only in the presence of penicillin but also in the presence of moenomycin. This result is explained by the action of an exo-muramidase, such as the lytic transglycosylases present in E. coli. It is proposed that antibiotic-induced bacteriolysis is the result of a zipperlike splitting of the murein net by exo-muramidases locally restricted to the equatorial zone of the cell.
Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 and -2 and Their Role in the Re-Epithelialisation of Wounds; Interactions with Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein Type 1 (1994)

Insulin like growth factor (IGF) 1 and 2 which are present and actively synthesised in the wound fluid stimulate several cell types involved in the process of wound healing. To investigate the role of IGF-1 and 2 and in addition, the association between IGF and their carrier proteins, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP), we have used a newly established model for human wound healing in fresh biopsy material. Histological examination shows that IGF-1 stimulates efficient reepithelialisation of the wounds both alone and in the presence of recombinant IGFBP-1. In contrast, IGF-2 stimulates healing only when used in combination with IGFBP-1. These findings suggest that the two IGFs and their carrier proteins may function during different phases of wound healing and that both IGF-1 and 2 act as potent inducers of wound healing; this may have direct clinical implications.
Insights and Innovations from Wide Crosses: Examples from Canola and Tomato (2007)

ABSTRACT Wild relatives and unadapted forms of crop plants are important reservoirs of allelic variation that can be accessed through wide crosses for improvement of crop plants. In this paper, we describe insights and innovations from the use of wide crosses to transfer favorable alleles from wild or unadapted forms of two crops: canola (oilseed Brassica napus L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The canola research involves the use of unadapted forms (winter types and resynthesized B. napus ) in wide crosses to spring‐seeded types to increase seed yield of hybrids. The tomato research involves the use of wild tomato relatives to improve several traits, including disease resistance and fruit quality. These two crop plants provide a broad range of insights and innovations that have been gained from wide crosses in plant breeding research, including the impact of chromosomal rearrangements on allelic variation among unadapted forms of B. napus , and innovations that can be achieved from stacking elite alleles in tomato. The examples presented in this paper highlight the value of using DNA markers for understanding and applying the results of wide crosses.