gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Harvesting for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are employed today in many different application areas, ranging from health and lifestyle to automotive, smart building, predictive maintenance (e.g., of machines and infrastructure), and active RFID tags. Currently these devices have limited lifetimes, however, since they require significant operating power. The typical power requirements of some current portable devices, including a body sensor network, are shown in Figure 1.
Vehicle Counter in Traffic Using Pixel Area Method with Multi-Region of Interest (2021)

Traffic density data plays an important role in decision making by the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This system uses this data in the process of adaptive traffic management. The inaccuracy of the data provided into the ITS system can result in errors in decision making. This study utilizes digital image engineering technology in the detection of four-wheeled vehicles in traffic traffic for the purpose of acquiring traffic density data. In this study, we propose a multi-ROI (pixel area methodRegion of Interest). This multi-ROI proposal is to be put forward to improve reading accuracy compared to just one ROI. With the use of this multi-ROI, the information obtained from the overall ROI can strengthen the accuracy of the data of vehicles passing in a lane. Our experimental results show that the use of multi-ROI with a certain amount of ROI can produce an accuracy rate of up to 88.66% compared to single-ROI which has an accuracy rate of 84.65%.
Location, Location, Location : Feature Articles (2001)

Scientists review geographic factors to learn why wealth concentrates predominantly in temperate zones.
Holograms: A Cultural History (2015)

Holograms have been in the public eye for over a half-century, but their influences have deeper cultural roots. No other visual experience is quite like interacting with holograms; no other cultural product melds the technological sublime with magic and optimism in quite the same way. As holograms have evolved, they have left their audiences alternately fascinated, bemused, inspired or indifferent. From expressions of high science to countercultural art to consumer security, holograms have represented modernity, magic and materialism. Their most pervasive impact has been to galvanize hopeful technological dreams. This book explores how holograms found a place in distinct cultural settings. Engineers, artists, hippies and hobbyists have played with, and dreamed about, holograms. This book explores the technical attractions and cultural uses of the hologram, how they were shaped by what came before them, and how they have matured to shape our notional futures. Today, holograms are in our pockets (as identity documents) and in our minds (as gaming fantasies and ‘faux hologram’ performers). Why aren’t they more often in front of our eyes?
A polychromatic approach to far-field superlensing at visible wavelengths (2012)

Breaking the diffraction barrier in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum is of fundamental importance. Far-field subwavelength focusing of light could, for instance, drastically broaden the possibilities available in nanolithography, light-matter interactions and sensing at the nanoscale. Similarly, imaging with a nanometric resolution could result in incredible breakthroughs in soft matter and biology. There have been numerous proposals in this regard based on metamaterials, structured illumination methods or diffractive optical components. The common denominator of all these approaches resides in their monochromatic nature. Here we show that using polychromatic light in dispersive metamaterials allows us to circumvent many limitations associated with previous monochromatic approaches. We design a plasmonic metalens based on metallic nanorods that, when used with broadband light fields, can beat the diffraction limit for imaging and focusing from the far field.
Decoupling techniques of compact and broadband MIMO antennas for handheld devices (2012)

This paper presents an innovative MIMO antenna system consisting of two broadband antennas combined with a 90° or 180° hybrid coupler. The antenna system is suitable for future MIMO systems due to its wide decoupled bandwidth (from 698 to 2700 MHz) covering 23 frequency bands of LTE. Enhanced antenna performance is achieved by radiator slitting and ground plane modification. Moreover, supplemental meandered line ground structures are utilized to miniaturize the antenna size. The low profile antenna with its wide impedance bandwidth, high efficiency, low correlation and quasi-omni directional radiation pattern is attractive for the existing and future 4G mobile communication devices. Simulated and measured results including input reflection, mutual coupling, correlation, and antenna efficiency is presented and analyzed.
Significance of int-2/hst-1 coamplification as a prognostic factor in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma. (1991)

The correlation between the clinical outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and coamplification of the proto-oncogenes int-2 and hst-1, which are partially homologous to angiogenesis-inducing fibroblast growth factor, was analyzed retrospectively. Coamplification of these genes was examined by slot-blot hybridization using DNAs extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of tissues. These tissues were obtained from 107 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who had undergone radical surgery. Int-2/hst-1 coamplification greater than 3-fold was observed in the primary tumors of 30 of 107 cases (28%), and in the metastatic lymph nodes of 12 of 40 cases (30%). The cumulative survival rate of patients with int-2/hst-1 coamplification in the primary tumors was significantly lower than that of the patients without coamplification (P less than 0.001), and there were no significant differences between the clinicopathological backgrounds of the 2 groups. Int-2/hst-1 coamplification was also significantly correlated with a high incidence of eventual metastasis in distant organs in these patients. These results suggest that int-2/hst-1 coamplification is a new biological indicator of prognosis and distant organ metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Site-specific Mutagenesis and Domain Substitutions in the Loading Module of the Nystatin Polyketide Synthase, and Their Effects on Nystatin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces noursei (2003)

The loading module for the nystatin polyketide synthase (PKS) in Streptomyces noursei is represented by the NysA protein composed of a ketosynthase (KS(S)), acyltransferase, dehydratase, and an acyl carrier protein. The absolute requirement of this protein for initiation of nystatin biosynthesis was demonstrated by the in-frame deletion of the nysA gene in S. noursei. The role of the NysA KS(S) domain, however, remained unclear, since no data on the significance of the "active site" serine (Ser-170) residue in the loading modules of type I PKSs were available. Site-specific mutagenesis of Ser-170 both in the wild-type NysA and in the hybrid loading module containing malonyl-specific acyltransferase domain from the extender module had no effect on nystatin biosynthesis. A second mutation (S413N) of the NysA KS(S) domain was discovered that completely abolished the ability of the hybrids to restore nystatin biosynthesis, presumably by affecting the ability of the resulting proteins to catalyze the required substrate decarboxylation. In contrast, NysA and its Ser-170 mutants bearing the same S413N mutation were able to restore nystatin production to significant levels, probably by using acetyl-CoA as a starter unit. Together, these data suggest that the KS(S) domain of NysA differs from the KS(Q) domains found in the loading modules of several PKS type I systems in that the active site residue is not significant for its activity.
Production of the mycelium of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom and investigation of its bioactive compounds (1997)

Mushroom cultivation embodies the principles of microbiology, environmental technology, and solid state fermentation in the conversion of domestic, agricultural and industrial organic waste materials into food for humans. Because of the large demand for edible mushrooms as a food and as a flavouring agent, there is research interest in attempting to produce flavour-rich mushroom mycelium in submerged fermentation. In addition to its use as food, Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) has been reported to have a number of beneficial health and medical effects. The aim of this work was to find an economical method to produce Shiitake mycelium in submerged culture, and then to study whether the bioactive compound (eritadenine) and the flavour components (the main component lenthionine) were produced by Lentinus mycelium. Lentinus edodes mycelium was successfully produced in submerged culture (biomass productivity was 1.0-1.2%) and a considerable reduction could be achieved in the time required for mushroom production as compared to the traditional technologies. On the basis of the GC-MS measurements it was proved that eritadenine, the bioactive compound was produced in the Shiitake mycelium. Based on NBS library data lenthionine, trithiolane and other aroma compounds were successfully identified in the biomass and in the fruiting body as well.
Studies on cardiotonic steroids from the skin of Japanese toad. (1977)

<p>A roll-to-roll high-current diffuse dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure was operated in air and Ar/N<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures. The exhaust gas from the discharge was studied using a high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer in the range from 3000 to 750 cm<sup>-1</sup> to unravel the plasma-polymer interactions. The absorption features of H<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub>, CO<sub>x</sub>, and HCOOH (formic acid) were identified, and the relative densities were deduced by fitting the absorption bands of the detected molecules. Strong interactions between plasma and polymer (Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, or PEN) in precursor-free oxygen-containing gas mixtures were observed as evidenced by a high CO<sub>x</sub> production. The presence of HCOOH in the gas effluent, formed through plasma-chemical synthesis of CO<sub>x</sub>, turns out to be a sensitive indicator for etching. By adding tetraethylorthosilicate precursor in the plasma, dramatic changes in the CO<sub>x</sub> production were measured, and two distinct deposition regimes were identified. At high precursor flows, a good agreement with the precursor combustion and the CO<sub>x</sub> production was observed, whereas at low precursor flows an etching-deposition regime transpires, and the CO<sub>x</sub> production is dominated by polymer etching.</p>
Seismic response controlled structure with Active Variable Stiffness system (1993)

Abstract The Active Variable Stiffness (AVS) system is proposed as a seismic response control system. It actively controls structural characteristics, such as stiffness of a building, to establish a non‐resonant state against earthquake excitations, thus suppressing the building's response. It consumes a relatively small amount of energy and maintains the safety of the building in moderate to severe earthquakes. In order to accumulate practical data and investigate them, a building has been constructed as a trial. This paper describes the applied system, the control algorithm, verification of stiffness selection, results of tests for verifying system characteristics, some observed earthquake records and simulation analyses. Responses in controlled and uncontrolled states have been compared to show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Localization in Time and Space for Sensor Networks (2007)

Monitoring applications define an important class of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In these applications, the network perceives the environment and searches for event occurrences (phenomena) by sensing different physical properties, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, ambient light, and movement. In such cases, location in time and space of both phenomenon and nodes are usually required for tracking and correlation purposes. In the former case, nodes' clocks are synchronized, while in the latter, nodes' physical location (e.g., latitude, longitude) are discovered. The need for such information in WSNs and the proximity and similarity of both problems suggest they can be addressed as a single problem, which we call the localization in time-space. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between these problems and also propose the Synapse (synchronization and positioning for sensor networks), a time-space localization system for sensor networks. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to find the nodes' location while synchronizing their clocks with a precision of a few microseconds. A key advantage of Synapse is that it reduces the communication cost compared to the situation wherein localization and synchronization are separately solved.
Anisotropic Thin Films of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes from Aligned Lyotropic Nematic Suspensions (2008)

Lyotropic nematic aqueous suspensions of single-wall carbon nanotubes can be uniformly aligned in thin cells by shearing. Homogeneous anisotropic thin films of nanotubes can be prepared by drying the nematic. Optical transmission between parallel or crossed polarizers is measured and described in order to estimate the dichroic ratio. The order parameter is measured using polarized Raman spectroscopy and found to be quite weak due to entanglement of the nanotubes and/or to an intrinsic viscoelastic behavior of the nanotube suspensions.
Carbon Nanofibers: Catalytic Synthesis and Applications (2000)

Carbon nanofibers (diameter range, 3-100 nm; length range, 1.1-1000 µm) have been known for a long time as a nuisance that often merges during catalythic conversion of carbon-containing gases. The recent outburst of interest in these graphitic materials originates from their potential for unique applications as well as their chemical similarity to fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. In this review, we focus on the growth of nanofibers using matallic particles as a catalyst to precipitate the graphitic carbon. First we summarize some of the earlier literature that has contributed greatly to understand the nucleation and growth of carbon nanofibers and nanotubes. Thereafter, we describe in detail recent progress to control the fiber surface structure, texture, and growth into mechanically strong agglomerates. It is argued that carbon nanofibers are unique high-surface-area materials (~200 m2/g) that can expose exclusively either basal graphite planes or edge planes. Subsequently, we will present the recently explored applications of carbon nanofibers: polymer additives, gas storage materials, and catalyst supports. The latter application is described in detail. It is shown that the graphite surface structure and the lyophilicity play a crucial role during metal emplacement and catalystic use in liquid-phase catalysis. A case in piont is fiber-supported Pd catalysts for nitrobenzene hydrogeneration. Finally, we summarize issues with respect to the large-scale production of carbon nanofibers, including production cost estimates and research items to be dealt with in future work.
An energy channelling LED driver technology to achieve flicker-free operation with true single stage power factor correction (2015)

A single-stage LED driver usually produces a significant twice line frequency ripple current when a high power factor is achieved. The ripple current further produces a flicker through LEDs. In this paper, an energy channeling single-stage LED driver is proposed to achieve flicker-free LED driving while maintaining high power factor correction. It also achieves true single stage power conversion and low component cost. A 8.5W, 50V/0.17A Buck-Boost experimental prototype has been built and tested to verify the proposed method.
Endothelin-1 Gene and Progression of Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass (2004)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a powerful vasconstrictor peptide implicated in development of essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. To evaluate the impact of genetic variability of the ET-1 gene on progression of blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular mass (LVM), we conducted individual growth curve modeling for 537 European American and black youths with 12 assessments during a 15-year period. Four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including T-1370G, +138/ex1 del/ins, T-37/in2C, and Lys198Asn were included in this study. Single SNP analyses showed that individuals with the +138/ex1 ins allele had a borderline significant lower systolic BP (SBP; P=0.072). Furthermore, the -37/in2C allele showed an SBP-lowering effect in males, accounting for 1.6% between-subject variation of SBP (P=0.016). Haplotype analyses in males confirmed the BP-lowering effect of the -37/in2C allele. SBP in individuals homozygous for the del (+138/ex1) -C (-37/in2) haplotype was 3.3 mm Hg lower than those homozygous for the del (+138/ex1) -T (-37/in2) haplotype (P=0.038). For LVM, we observed a significant gene-environment interaction. LVM levels were 20 g higher in carriers versus noncarriers of the -1370G allele in the low socioeconomic status (SES) group only (P=0.004). In summary, our results uncover a sex-specific protective effect of variation in the ET-1 gene on the progression of hypertension risk, and a SES-specific effect on risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy in multiethnic youth.
Common Genetic Variants in the MicroRNA Biogenesis Pathway Are Not Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in Asian Women (2012)

This study suggests no association between the polymorphisms in miRNA biogenesis pathway genes and breast cancer risk. Studies with large sample size and more genetic variants should be warranted to adequately evaluate the potential association.
Detection of β‐thalassaemia mutations using DNA heteroduplex generator molecules (1995)

In this report we describe a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method for the detection of beta-thalassaemia (beta-thal) mutations. This method is based on the visualization of unique DNA heteroduplex banding patterns, following non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, resulting from hybridization between mutant PCR products and synthetic DNA heteroduplex generator molecules. Using the Singaporean population, which consists of Chinese, Malay and Asian Indian ethnic groups, as a model, we have constructed and evaluated three DNA heteroduplex generator molecules for the detection of the common beta-thalassaemia mutations found in this population. The results show that these three molecules are capable of detecting approximately 95% of the mutations found in the Singaporean population. We propose that this technology may be applied as an alternative screening strategy for beta-thalassaemia mutations because it is technically simple, flexible, cost-effective, and requires only minimal laboratory resources.
Binding and recognition in the assembly of an active BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin-ligase complex (2003)

BRCA1 is a breast and ovarian cancer tumor suppressor protein that associates with BARD1 to form a RINGRING heterodimer. The BRCA1BARD1 RING complex functions as an ubiquitin (Ub) ligase with activity substantially greater than individual BRCA1 or BARD1 subunits. By using NMR spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis, we have mapped the binding site on the BRCA1BARD1 heterodimer for the Ub-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c. The results demonstrate that UbcH5c binds only to the BRCA1 RING domain and not the BARD1 RING. The binding interface is formed by the first and second Zn(2+)-loops and central alpha-helix of the BRCA1 RING domain, a region disrupted by cancer-predisposing mutations. Unexpectedly, a second Ub-conjugating enzyme, UbcH7, also interacts with the BRCA1BARD1 complex with similar affinity, although it is not active in Ub-ligase activity assays. Thus, binding alone is not sufficient for BRCA1-dependent Ub-ligase activity.
Editorial (1999)

My first encounter with computer-based learning was in 1975 when I trialled packages produced by the Chelsea Science Simulation Project while on teaching practice. Access to the minicomputer running the packages was via modem and teletype, and response times were measured in minutes rather than seconds. Three of the four packages were little more than computer-based lookup tables but the fourth, despite the severe limitations of the technology, inspired me to take computers seriously as tools for learning. The application was a simulation of crossing different strains of fruit fly, a technique beloved of geneticists but impractical for school biology. I was impressed by the use of a computer to achieve something highly educational that was impractical by any other means.DOI:10.1080/0968776990070101
Operating experience with advanced centrifugal contractors in the integrated equipment test facility (1988)

Globally, many crop production areas are threatened by drought and salinity. Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) is susceptible to these challenging environmental conditions. In this study, an in vitro approach was employed to compare the tolerance of potato cultivars 'BARI-401' (red skin) and 'Spunta' (yellow skin). To simulate ionic and osmotic stress, MS media was supplemented with lithium chloride (LiCl 20 mM) and mannitol (150 mM). GC-MS and spectrophotometry techniques were used to determine metabolite accumulation. Other biochemical properties, such as total phenols concentration (TPC), total flavonoids concentration (TFC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities, were also measured. The two cultivars respond differently to ionic and osmotic stress treatments, with Spunta accumulating more defensive metabolites in response, indicating a higher level of tolerance. While further investigation of the physiological and biochemical responses of these varieties to drought and salinity is required, the approach taken in this paper provides useful information prior to open field evaluation.
In-Situ Capacity and Resistance Estimation Algorithm Development for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electrified Vehicles (2014)

Battery life, cost and weight are some of the most important factors considered while designing battery packs for electrified vehicles.These factors directly affect the appeal of electric vehicles in the market.While, performance, cost and weight can be evaluated at the production and design stage, battery life is a dynamic parameter influenced by a multitude of factors and is hard to accurately predict, often leading to conservative designs with oversized and more expensive battery packs.Expensive batteries and complex, multifactor aging phenomena ideally would require continuous tracking of the battery state of health.Battery capacity and internal resistance are commonly used to quantify battery state of health, as these metrics translate directly into range and power at the user level.While resistance growth is relatively easy to estimate in a vehicle, capacity fade requires measurements typically done at the laboratory level and conditions never encountered in a vehicle.This thesis aims to develop an algorithm capable of tracking in situ these two parameters throughout the life of battery.By far the most challenging aspects of battery state of health estimation is to only use information available in the vehicle during its normal use, and furthermore, suitable with available on-board computing resources for real-time implementation.To that effect, the 'needs and wants' of an ideal in situ capacity estimator were clearly defined at the beginning of this work and algorithms that satisfy all the constraints were developed, tested Vita May ....