gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linearization of a Directional Modulation Transmitter Using Low-Complexity Cascaded Digital Predistortion (2019)

Directional modulation (DM) implemented at the transmitter side is a physical layer security technology based on the multi-antenna structure. Current DM methods paid little attention to the issue of the nonlinear distortion of power amplifiers (PAs), which may lead to poor amplifier efficiency and worsen the signal's error vector magnitude (EVM). For the first time, we consider linearization of a DM transmitter using the digital predistortion (DPD) technique. We modify the paralleled DM DPD model to a novel cascaded model based on the characteristics of the DM transmitter. This modified method applies a common DPD to mitigate the nonlinear distortion of all paths and an auxiliary DPD to fine-tune each path, so as to significantly reduce the complexity. In order to validate this idea, two-element uniform linear array (ULA) and four-element ULA experiments were performed, in which 16QAM 20-MHz bandwidth signals with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of about 8.0 dB were generated for commercial part PAs. Experimental results show that the modified approach has almost the same linearization performance as the paralleled DM DPD technique but reduces the computational complexity significantly.
High etch-resistant EB resists employing adamantyl protective groups and their application for 248-nm lithography. (2000)

We developed high-etch resistant resists for electron beam (EB) lithography. The incorporation of 2-alkyl-2-adamantyl groups as cleavable protective groups in a vinylphenol-methacrylate copolymer enabled us to enhance the dry-etch resistance and obtain excellent lithographic performance. In this paper, we investigate the reactivity of 2-methyl-(MAd) and 2-ethyladamantyl (EAd) group for an acidic condition as well as the heat-flow resistance of the resist. In addition, we applied vinylphenol-2-ethyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate (VP-EAdMA)-based resist to 248-nm exposures. We found that the reactivity of the EAd group was 2.5 times higher than that of the MAd group. We also found that the resist had a 140-nm resolution at 13.2mJ/cm2 without optimization of the process conditions. We think that these resists can be used for both EB and 248-nm exposure systems.
Recombinant aequorin and green fluorescent protein as valuable tools in the study of cell signalling (2001)

Luminous proteins include primary light producers, such as aequorin, and secondary photoproteins that in some organisms red-shift light emission for better penetration in space. When expressed in heterologous systems, both types of proteins may act as versatile reporters capable of monitoring phenomena as diverse as calcium homoeostasis, protein sorting, gene expression, and so on. The Ca(2+)-sensitive photoprotein aequorin was targeted to defined intracellular locations (organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and nucleus, and cytoplasmic regions, such as the bulk cytosol and the subplasmalemmal rim), and was used to analyse Ca(2+) homoeostasis at the subcellular level. We will discuss this application, reviewing its advantages and disadvantages and the experimental procedure. The applications of green fluorescent protein (GFP) are even broader. Indeed, the ability to molecularly engineer and recombinantly express a strongly fluorescent probe has provided a powerful tool for investigating a wide variety of biological events in live cells (e.g. tracking of endogenous proteins, labelling of intracellular structures, analysing promoter activity etc.). More recently, the demonstration that, using appropriate mutants and/or fusion proteins, GFP fluorescence can become sensitive to physiological parameters or activities (ion concentration, protease activity, etc.) has further expanded its applications and made GFP the favourite probe of cell biologists. We will here present two applications in the field of cell signalling, i.e. the use of GFP chimaeras for studying the recruitment of protein kinase C isoforms and the activity of intracellular proteases.
The Research Sample, Part I (1995)

The cost of studying an entire population to answer a specific question is usually prohibitive in terms of time, money and resources. Therefore, a subset of subjects representative of a given population must be selected; this is called sampling. The concepts involved in selecting subjects to represent the larger population are presented. Sampling errors and associated determining factors are reviewed. Definitions of the research populations, including target and accessible groups, are given. The inclusion and exclusion criteria required to refine the accessible population to a re-searchable subgroup are explained, and an example is provided. The two types of sampling methods, probability and nonprobability, are defined and presented with their respective types. Probability sampling includes simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and disproportional sampling. Nonprobability sampling includes convenience sampling, consecutive sampling, judgmental sampling, quota sampling and snowball sampling. The goals and concepts related to recruitment are reviewed with application to survey and experimental research. Three steps are suggested for obtaining an appropriate research sample: (1) clearly define the target population, (2) define the accessible population, and (3) define the steps and effort that will be employed to recruit subjects for study.
Improved sample adaptive offset for HEVC (2013)

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the newest video coding standard which can significantly reduce the bit rate by 50% compared with existing standards. One new efficient tool is sample adaptive offset (SAO), which classifies reconstructed samples into different categories, and reduces the distortion by adding an offset to samples of each category. Two SAO types are adopted in HEVC: edge offset (EO) and band offset (BO). Four 1-D directional edge patterns are used in edge offset type, and only one is selected for each CTB. However, single directional pattern cannot remove artifacts effectively for the CTBs, which contain edges in different directions. Therefore, we analyze the performance of each edge pattern applied on this kind of CTB, and propose to take advantage of existing edge classes and combine some of the them as a new edge offset class, which can adapt to multiple edge directions. All the combinations are tested, and the results show that for Low Delay P condition, they can achieve 0.2% to 0.5% bit rate reduction.
A Neuromorphic Chip That Imitates the ON Brisk Transient Ganglion Cell Set in the Retinas of Rabbits (2007)

In this paper, a new CMOS design methodology is proposed to implement CMOS neuromorphic chips which imitate the ON brisk transient ganglion cell (GC) set of rabbits' retinas. The measurement results on the fabricated CMOS neuromorphic chip are consistent with the biological measurement results. Thus, the biological functions of the chip have been successfully verified. It can be used to understand more biological behaviors and visual language of retinas under different input optical images which have not yet been tested in biological experiments. Based on the results, the full GC sets of retina can be designed. Thus, many potential applications of retinal chips on motion sensors, computer vision, retinal prosthesis, and biomedical devices are feasible.
The consequences of interference variability in CDMA cellular systems (2002)

We investigate the temporal characteristics of the interference between users of the mobile to cell site link in CDMA cellular systems. We show that, due to the stochastic processes involved, this link inherently exhibits a short term variability in the inter-user interference, which leads to a significant variability in error rate. To the users, this is manifested as bursts of inadequate quality that, because they persist for long enough, affect user perceptions of the quality of service. Consequently, it is these bursts that limit CDMA's traffic handling capability, and we present a novel method for quantifying this traffic capability.
Automatic generation of listing ads by reusing promotional texts (2010)

This paper describes a system that automatically generates shop-specific listing ads by reusing textual data promoting each shop. As the textual data available for this research are primarily created for use on a restaurant portal site on the Web, we applied three methods for making it usable for the descriptive texts of ads. The only manual task is creating a couple of domain-specific patterns. Subjective evaluation showed that our system can generate ads with sufficiently high precision and coverage. A one-month experiment using Overture Sponsored Search showed that a number of the automatically generated ads had higher CTRs than the template-based baseline ads. This indicates that automatically generated ads can promote shops more effectively than template-based ads.
Enterocytes are the primary source of the chemokine ENA-78 in normal colon and ulcerative colitis (1997)

Epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein-78 (ENA-78) is a neutrophil-directed C-X-C chemokine. We report that Caco-2 and T84 human intestinal epithelial cells produce ENA-78 after stimulation by interleukin (IL)-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Caco-2 cells show increased IL-8 production at 4-12 h and increased ENA-78 production at 8-24 h after cytokine stimulation. Immunohistochemical studies in normal human colon and in ulcerative colitis demonstrate ENA-78 immunoreactivity principally associated with crypt epithelial cells. Furthermore, human colonic tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis show elevated levels of ENA-78 mRNA (24-fold increase, P < 0.01) and protein (4-fold increase, P < 0.05) compared with normal controls. Thus ENA-78 is produced in normal colon and in ulcerative colitis and is predominantly of enterocyte origin. The kinetics of ENA-78 induction in human colon epithelial cell lines are delayed and prolonged compared with IL-8. We propose that ENA-78 and IL-8 serve complementary and sequential roles in neutrophil recruitment in ulcerative colitis. ENA-78 as an enterocyte-derived, neutrophil-activating chemokine may be especially important in neutrophil recruitment from the lamina propria into the epithelial layer.
Improvement in RF Curves for Booster Running at High Intensities (2005)

A feed-forward ramp can be implemented in Booster to compensate the beam energy loss at different beam intensities for the purpose of minimizing the radial error signal. This can be done only when we have a good understanding about the dependence between the beam energy loss per turn and the beam intensity experimentally. Besides, based upon this understanding we can predict the required accelerating voltage at the transition crossing for different beam intensities, which can be extremely helpful for Booster running at higher beam intensities than ever before.
RNA Silencing Systems and Their Relevance to Allele-Specific DNA Methylation in Plants (2007)

In many organisms, allelic diversity generates phenotypic variations and contributes to many events, such as development, adaptation to changing environment, and genome evolution. Allelic diversity is generally defined by the difference in nucleotide sequences that code for a gene. However, a heritable epigenetic modification, in which the modification is attributable to the degree of methylation of a gene and not to the change in its sequence, sometimes occurs and can affect the level of gene expression by reducing its transcriptional level. Some examples of epigenetic phenomena mediated by allele-specific DNA methylation in plants found to date include genomic imprinting, nucleolar dominance, and paramutation. Unlike the case in mammals, epigenetic modifications of plant genes are thought to be mitotically and meiotically stable, but recent studies of allele-specific demethylation at the FWA and MEDEA loci and recessive allele-specific methylation of Brassica self-incompatibility alleles indicate that DNA methylation patterns in plants can vary temporally and spatially in each generation. In this review, we describe various epigenetic phenomena regulated by allele-specific DNA methylation and their possible underlying mechanisms.
On the Stability of Certain Heteropolar Crystals (1932)

On the basis of the conventional model of heteropolar crystals it is shown that an irregular crystalline behaviour is to be expected in the region of small values of the exponent, $p$, of the repulsive energy. In the course of this demonstration Madelung's method of obtaining the Coulomb potential for the crystals of the cubical system is justified, and a new, very simple method of calculating the Madelung constant is described. This method is applied to the three crystals of the cubical system and other applications are suggested. The irregular behavior of crystals in the region of small values of the repulsive exponent is shown to be manifested as an instability against various variations by which the geometry of the lattice is altered. In particular, the instability is demonstrated in the case of the "calcite family" of crystals which is evolved by a continuous process from a single parameter $\ensuremath{\varphi}$. The NaCl- and CsCl-types of crystals are members of this family, and a continuous mode of transition from one to the other is thus available. These two types of crystals, in general, are unstable against a variation in which the parameter $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ is changed, ($\ensuremath{\varphi}$-variation), and for small values of the exponent, $p$, all members of the "calcite family" are shown to have a tendency to fall apart into one-dimensional crystals of the Madelung type. Another result of these considerations is that a skew structure, such as that of calcite may be accounted for on the basis of purely central forces. Finally the regions in which respectively one-dimensional and two-dimensional crystals, and the crystals of the cubical system are most stable are calculated. The bearing of these results on the theory of the secondary structure is briefly discussed.
A method of evaluating ecological network. A case study in Sumoto City. (2002)

The objectie of this study is to propose a method for evaluating ecological network. We propose to consider two classes of spatial scales for evaluation. In the macro-scale research, we classified land use types by satellite data, and extracted two areas of heterogeneous or homogeneous land use in the object region In these areas, we performed micro-scale researches through field survey and geographical information based topographical maps. Throughout these researches of different spatial scales, we evaluated present ecological network and discussed the availability of this method.
Similarity-based Learning via Data Driven Embeddings (2011)

We consider the problem of classification using similarity/distance functions over data. Specifically, we propose a framework for defining the goodness of a (dis)similarity function with respect to a given learning task and propose algorithms that have guaranteed generalization properties when working with such good functions. Our framework unifies and generalizes the frameworks proposed by [Balcan-Blum ICML 2006] and [Wang et al ICML 2007]. An attractive feature of our framework is its adaptability to data - we do not promote a fixed notion of goodness but rather let data dictate it. We show, by giving theoretical guarantees that the goodness criterion best suited to a problem can itself be learned which makes our approach applicable to a variety of domains and problems. We propose a landmarking-based approach to obtaining a classifier from such learned goodness criteria. We then provide a novel diversity based heuristic to perform task-driven selection of landmark points instead of random selection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our goodness criteria learning method as well as the landmark selection heuristic on a variety of similarity-based learning datasets and benchmark UCI datasets on which our method consistently outperforms existing approaches by a significant margin.
Enhancement of optical receiver sensitivities by amplification of the carrier (1968)

The amplification before detection of the carrier of a modulated optical signal by a narrow-band quantum amplifier enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, particularly when the signal wave-front is distorted. A further improvement is obtained by using a combination of wide-band and narrow-band quantum amplifiers. The practical application of these schemes requires a degenerate regenerative ring-type amplifier capable of amplifying arbitrary transverse field configurations. Experiments show that such an amplifier with a gain of 24 dB and a bandwidth of 1 MHz is feasible. The incident beam axis can be displaced by as much as ten times the beam-waist radius without losing more than 4 dB in gain. Frequency modulation may be converted into amplitude modulation by the phase shift introduced in the carrier.
Advanced Transactions in Enterprise JavaBeans (2000)

. Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is a new technology that aims at supporting distributed transactional component-based applications written in Java. In recent years, a lot of new advanced software applications have arisen, which have new requirements for transaction processing. Since EJB is modern concept that deals with transactions, the paper discusses the support of EJB for those requirements for advanced transactions and identifies weaknesses of transactions in EJB. The paper also proposes an extension of the current transactional concepts in EJB, which can be a remedy for some of the weaknesses identified. The extension, called Bourgogne transactions, allows a transaction to delegate bean objects to other transactions, to share bean objects with other transactions, and to establish flow control dependencies between transactions. Implementation issues together with pitfalls of the proposed extension are discussed. 1 1
Chiral tubule self-assembly from an achiral diynoic lipid (2003)

Tubules possessing microm-scale chiral substructure self-assemble from an achiral isomer of the tubule-forming diynoic phosphatidylcholine, 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [DC(8,9)PC], showing that molecular chirality is not essential for tubule formation. CD spectroscopy shows that these structures' helical sense of handedness instead originates in a spontaneous cooperative chiral symmetry-breaking process. We conclude that the chiral symmetry-breaking must originate in the unusual feature common to the chiral and achiral tubule-forming molecules, the diynes centered in their hydrocarbon tails.
A new method of data hiding based on H.264 encoded video sequences (2010)

Data hiding is a type of information hiding technology. A data hiding method based on H.264 encoded video sequences is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses the parity of the coefficients after transformation and quantization to hide the desirable data. The digital data hidden by this approach can be recovered correctly by data recovering process and extracted directly from the encoded stream without using the original host video. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain good performance.
Hematoporphyrin as a diagnostic tool. A preliminary report of new techniques (1972)

Data on the induction of fluorescence in malignant tumors by means of the recrystallized hematoporphyrin derivative (Hp-D) are currently available. Recent improvements in the quality of available Hp-D, violet light sources, light carriers, and flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes appear to warrant further examination of this technique for localization of early cancer. A protocol can be developed for utilization of Hp-D in the localization of in-situ and early invasive bronchogenic carcinoma.
A comparative study on change detection for some automotive applications (1997)

This paper presents a comparison of some different change detection methods for three automotive applications. The applications are tire-road friction estimation, fuel consumption monitoring and navigation using wheel velocities. In simulation studies on real data, measures of performance are given. Experience of real-time implementations in a Volvo is also presented.
Fully electrical 40-Gbit/s TDM system prototype and its application to 160-Gbit/s WDM transmission (2003)

This paper presents a 40-Gbit/s time-division multiplexing (TDM) system prototype based on InP HEMT digital IC technologies. High-output power photodiode directly drives the digital IC and achieves high-receiver sensitivity. Four-channel 40-Gbit/s wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission is successfully performed.
An analog layout floorplanner using its parameterized module layout structure (2002)

This paper presents an analog layout floorplanner whose module library is parameterized with its layout structure. The developed floorplanner employs the parameterized layout template that enhances the CIF (Caltech Intermediate Form) description language. By utilizing this template, the complexity of the generator text is reduced, and an additional complex parser and analyzer are not required. This floorplanner has been tested on several benchmark circuits and displayed six to ten times of generator text reduction.
Immunity to Malaria and Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1986)

A candidate Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine, R32tet32, which includes 32 tetrapeptide repeats derived from the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum, has been developed on the basis of the hypothesis that antibodies to the repeat region of this protein will protect against sporozoite infection. The results of two in vitro assays, the circumsporozoite precipitation reaction and the inhibition of sporozoite invasion into hepatoma cells, are thought to indicate protective immunity. We therefore tested serum samples from persons living in a hyperendemic malarious area of Indonesia for antibodies against R32tet32 and for their ability to produce circumsporozoite precipitation and to inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells. The prevalence and mean titer of antibody against R32tet32 increased with the age of the subjects, whereas the prevalence of P. falciparum infection in the community decreased. Only serum samples with IgG or IgM R32tet32 antibody titers greater than or equal to 1/800 had precipitation activity and invasion-inhibiting activity of more than 75 percent. When the serum samples were fractionated by affinity chromatography, only the fractions containing purified human antibody to R32tet32 were found to contain this activity. These data support the hypotheses that antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein are important in reducing the prevalence of malaria with increasing age among persons in areas in which malaria is endemic and that vaccine-elicited antibody to the circumsporozoite repeat region will protect against infection with P. falciparum sporozoites.
Microstrip filters for measurement and control of superconducting qubits (2013)

Careful filtering is necessary for observations of quantum phenomena in superconducting circuits at low temperatures. Measurements of coherence between quantum states require extensive filtering to protect against noise coupled from room temperature electronics. We demonstrate distributed transmission line filters which cut off exponentially at GHz frequencies and can be anchored at the base temperature of a dilution refrigerator. The compact design makes them suitable to filter many different bias lines in the same setup, necessary for the control and measurement of superconducting qubits.