gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin F2 alpha stimulates transforming growth factor-alpha expression in adipocyte precursors. (1995)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) are potent inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation. We demonstrate here that TGF alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed in freshly isolated fat pads and in primary culture of adipocyte precursors cultivated in defined medium before and after differentiation. We show that PGF2 alpha stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. PGF2 alpha also stimulated TGF alpha production in the culture medium of adipocyte precursors in primary culture. PGF2 alpha stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 alpha, which also inhibited adipose differentiation, stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression similarly to PGF2 alpha, whereas other PGs had no effect on TGF alpha mRNA expression. The time-course experiment indicates that the stimulation of TGF alpha mRNA expression by PGF2 alpha is observed within 6 h of exposure to PGF2 alpha and is inhibited by treatment of the cells with actinomycin D. The effect of PGF2 alpha on TGF alpha expression did not require activation of protein kinase C and was fully reversible. As both TGF alpha and PGF2 alpha are inhibitors of adipose differentiation, it is suggested that stimulation of TGF alpha expression by PGF2 alpha could represent an amplification mechanism to modulate adipocyte precursor differentiation and adipocyte function within the adipose tissue.
New Assay Method for Surveying Anti-Emetic Compounds from Natural Sources (1998)

The new assay method was developed by using young chicks instead of frogs for screening of anti-emetic compounds from natural sources. Comparing with our previous method using leopard and ranid frogs, the advantages of the new method were not only completely parallel results but also decreasing standard errors. Hinesol and eudesmol were isolated from MeOH extract of Atractylodes lancea rhizome as the anti-emetic principles.
Virus morphogenesis of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in Helicoverpa zea serum-free suspension culture (2000)

Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) replication in Helicoverpa zea serum-free suspension culture was studied in detail and the sequence of virus morphogenesis was determined by transmission electron microscopy. By 16 h post-infection (p.i.), virus replication was observed in the virogenic stroma by the appearance of nucleocapsids. Polyhedron formation was detected by 24 h p.i. and the polyhedron envelope (PE) was completely formed by 72 h p.i. PE morphogenesis of HaSNPV is significantly different compared to the extensively studied Autograph californica (Ac)MNPV. In AcMNPV-infected cells, fibrillar structures are found in both cytoplasm and nuclei, and the fibrillar structures in nuclei are in close association with maturing polyhedra during PE formation. Fibrillar structures that resemble the AcMNPV fibrillar structures were detected only in the cytoplasm of HaSNPV-infected cells and appeared to interact with calyx precursors there, but their role in PE formation is unclear. However, prominent calyx precursor structures of various shapes and sizes were observed in the nuclei of HaSNPV-infected cells as well, and they appeared to interact with polyhedra during PE formation. Both the calyx precursor structure and the cytoplasmic fibrillar structure were detected only after HaSNPV virion occlusion had started, indicating that they might have a role in formation of PE. Similar calyx precursor structures and cytoplasmic fibrillar structures were observed in both serum-supplemented and serum-free suspension cultures, as well as in HaSNPV-infected larval tissues, indicating that the structures observed are not cell culture artefacts.
A Fundamental Study on Manufacturing Planning and Control System for Shipbuilding CIM (1989)

Nowadays integrated systems for manufacturing, namely CIM systems : Computer Integrated Manufacturing systems, are required in many industrial fields to meet their heavy requirements. Also in the shipbuilding field, we believe that CIM can be very beneficial. In this paper, it was made clear what kind of information is required for building a CIM system especially from the point of view of manufacturing planning and control of shipbuilding. Then the model representation of a shipyard, SYMFONIC, Ship Yard Model FOr PlanNIng and sCheduling, was proposed.With the model, SYMFONIC, we propose a basic system for planning and scheduling, which is based on an Object-oriented representation, and Rule-based programming.
NAVSEA MARINE GAS TURBINE MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (1981)

ABSTRACT The major problem encountered by gas turbines in the marine environment is hot corrosion of hot section materials, particularly first stage blades and vanes. Prior to the decision in 1969 to use LM2500s as the main propulsion engines on the DD 963 Class ships very little progress in developing hot corrosion resistant alloys and coatings had been made. Results from early field testing of the LM2500 in the GTS CALLAGHAN indicated a first stage blade life of less than 2000 hours. Changing the blade alloy to Rene 80 and the coating to CoCrAIY improved the blade life to 7000 hours for a power profile that was almost constant at near full power. The LM2500 was eventually operated to a much lower power profile and one that represented a DD cycle. At the lower power the corrosion rate greatly increased instead of decreasing as expected. This was the first time the N avy recognized what is now called low temperature (low power) hot corrosion which occurs at metal temperatures of 1200‐1400°F. Under NAVSEA sponsorship laboratories from the N avy and industry developed a good understanding of the mechanisms of the low power attack. Also a blade coating with a life of 9,000 hours or more than two times the life of the current CoCrAlY coating was developed and will become the near term bill of material coating for the LM2500 first and second stage blades. However, increased first stage airfoil life is still needed to meet the MTBER goals for destroyer propulsion engines. One coating and two alloy development programs have been initiated with industry. The primary objective of the coating program is to identify new coating compositions with hot corrosion resistance of four times the current CoCrAlY overlay coating used on the LM2500 first stage blades when operating to a DD 963 type profile. The objective of the alloy development programs is to identify directionally solidified (DS) alloys with up to four times the hot corrosion resistance of LM2500 blade alloys. Strength equal to or better than that of current alloys must be maintained. Directionally solidified cast alloys have increased strength, ductility, and thermal fatigue properties when compared to conventionally cast structures. One program is using the DS columnar grain (multicrystal) process which permits the use of conventionally cast alloy systems with marginal strength but good corrosion resistance. The other program is using the DS single crystal casting process. Single crystal materials do not require grain boundary strengtheners such as carbon, zirconium, boron, and hafnium which allows a still greater flexibility in altering compositions for corrosion resistance and strength.
Cytoskeletal Proteins in Cancer and Intracellular Stress: A Therapeutic Perspective (2020)

Cytoskeletal proteins, which consist of different sub-families of proteins including microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments, are essential for survival and cellular processes in both normal as well as cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, these mechanisms can be altered to promote tumour development and progression, whereby the functions of cytoskeletal proteins are co-opted to facilitate increased migrative and invasive capabilities, proliferation, as well as resistance to cellular and environmental stresses. Herein, we discuss the cytoskeletal responses to important intracellular stresses (such as mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses), and delineate the consequences of these responses, including effects on oncogenic signalling. In addition, we elaborate how the cytoskeleton and its associated molecules present themselves as therapeutic targets. The potential and limitations of targeting new classes of cytoskeletal proteins are also explored, in the context of developing novel strategies that impact cancer progression.
[Surgical treatment of the degenerative lumbar spine in ild age]. (1994)

Degenerative lumbar spine conditions, mostly combinations of spinal stenosis, instability, deformity and arthrosis, threaten the independence of elderly patients due to intractable pain and loss of function. Comprehensive operative treatment is possible, but is often not offered to these patients. The reasons are: fear of an unsuccessful outcome, fear of fatal complications and underestimation of the remaining life span. The literature shows that good results can be obtained in approximately 80% as well in one- and two-level degenerations as in multisegmental deformities. Perioperative mortality is about zero, but the the costs are high, approximately twice as much as for a total hip replacement. The single most frequent complication in 50 patients over 70 years was temporary cerebral problems. With adequate precautions the gain in quality of life outweighs the risks and costs.
The Rare Malignancy of the Hepatobiliary System: Ampullary Carcinoid Tumor (2011)

Introduction. Carcinoid tumors are low-grade tumors originating from endoderm and mostly involving the gastrointestinal system. However; they may be seen in any site within the gastrointestinal system. Case Presentation. A 69-year-old female patient. The results of blood tests were observed to be consistent with obstructive jaundice. A mass appearance was not encountered on tomographic examination. Papilla that was tumor-like macroscopically was seen in the second part of the duodenum in diagnostic endoscopy. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy surgical procedure was applied. On pathological examination of the mass, a tumoral mass was detected in ampulla vateri localization, 1.5 × 1 × 0.8 cm in size, which, in immunohistochemical staining, was evaluated as a neuroendocrine tumor. Also, Metastasis was observed. Conclusion. The rarest type of carcinoid tumor is ampullary located carcinoid tumor, and tumor size is not a reliable indicator for tumor aggressivity in ampullary carcinoid tumors.
Intermediates in the Paal-Knorr synthesis of pyrroles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermediates in the Paal-Knorr synthesis of pyrrolesVenkataraman Amarnath, Douglas C. Anthony, Kalyani Amarnath, William M. Valentine, Lawrence A. Wetterau, and Doyle G. GrahamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 24, 6924–6931Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00024a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00024a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4822Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Laboratory measures of filtration by freshwater mussels: An activity to introduce biology students to an increasingly threatened group of organisms (2012)

Abstract: Many aquatic organisms survive by filter feeding from the surrounding water and capturing food particles. We developed a laboratory exercise that allows students to measure the effects of filtering by fresh water mussels on water turbidity. Mussels were acquired from Wards Scientific and exposed to a solution of baker’s yeast. Over a period of one to two hours, students measured changes in water clarity using miniature Secchi discs. The exercise has been used in a freshwater biology class at a state university. This exercise allows students to make hypotheses, gather data, and explore interactions between living organisms and their environment. Many North American species of freshwater mussels are threatened or endangered because of habitat changes and the introduction of exotic mussels. Therefore, students are also able to examine the potential effects of biodiversity loss in aquatic environments. Key words: freshwater mussel, macroinvertebrate, filter feeding, ecology
High-Performance XML Parsing and Validation with Permutation Phrase Grammar Parsers (2008)

The extensibility, flexibility, expressiveness, and platform-neutrality of XML delivers key advantages for interoperability. The interoperability of XML Web services often comes at the price of reduced efficiency of message composition, transfer, and parsing compared to simple binary protocols. This paper presents a high-performance XML parsing and validation technique that is time and space optimal. A schema-specific parsing method is developed that uses a two-stack push-down automaton (PDA) for single-pass parsing and validation without backtracking. The schema validity constraints are packed in a compact parsing table derived from a permutation phrase grammar. This approach reduces both the space and time requirements of XML parsing and validation. By contrast, other XML schema-specific parsing methods trade efficiency for space (larger code and/or data size) or trade space for efficiency (backtracking). Performance results show that the method is significantly faster than traditional validating and non-validating XML parsers.
Lysis of Human Malignant Mesothelioma Cells by Natural Killer (NK) and Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) Cells (1989)

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of the pleura for which, at present, there is no effective therapy. As interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells lyse many solid tissue malignancies that are unresponsive to conventional forms of therapy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of human malignant mesothelioma cells to lysis by natural killer (NK) and LAK cells. Using a 4-h 51Cr release assay, malignant mesothelioma cell lines grown from six different patients were found to be resistant to NK cell lysis (less than 10% lysis as compared to 50 +/- 3% lysis of the standard NK-sensitive target, K562, p less than 0.001). These malignant mesothelioma cells were, however, susceptible to lysis by LAK cells (58 +/- 4% lysis, p less than 0.001 compared to NK lysis). Similar results were seen using fresh mesothelioma cell targets (4 +/- 2% and 34 +/- 12% lysis for NK and LAK cells, respectively). Optimal LAK cell activation against these targets was achieved by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2 to 4 x 10(6)/ml) in culture medium containing 1,000 units/ml IL-2 for 3 to 14 days. The degree of LAK cell activation was dependent on the serum source used in culture, with autologous serum being more effective than pooled human AB serum or fetal calf serum at generating LAK cell activity in vitro (p less than 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that although human malignant mesothelioma cells are resistant to NK cell lysis, IL-2-activated LAK cells effectively kill these targets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Theoretical characterization of existing and new fullerene receptors (2013)

We have studied the ability of 26 receptors to catch the fullerenes C60 and C70. The prediction of which host displays the largest affinity with fullerenes is complicated by the fact that some hosts are extremely flexible. For example, the cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) based host, with three 2-[9-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)anthracen-10(9H)-ylidene]-1,3-dithiole (exTTF) pincers, has an interaction energy that is quite modest and even lower than that determined for the famous C60H28 buckycatcher. Notwithstanding this energetic difference, experimental results indicated that the exTTF-CTV host has an association constant comparable to those reported for metalloporphyrins. In line with the recent experimental results we found that when three corannulene pincers are attached to cyclotriveratrylene, the ability of the host to interact with fullerene is not improved with respect to the C60H28 buckycatcher, which has two corannulene pincers. Our theoretical calculations showed that the reason for such an outcome is that the corannulene pincers are stacked and thus a large amount of energy is required to break the intramolecular dispersion interactions that keep the structure stacked. A similar scenario was found when we attached one, two and three exTTF pincers to pentakis(1,4-benzodithiino)corannulene. Bearing these results in mind, and considering that the C60H28 buckycatcher is somewhat rigid, we alkylated the rim of the corannulene pincers. The alkylated buckycatcher is able to interact with C60 with an interaction energy that is larger than that corresponding to the unsubstituted host. Therefore, functionalization of the C60H28 buckycatcher seems to be the most promising road to the synthesis of new fullerene receptors that are not based on metalloporphyrins. The design of new hosts must be pursued with the aim of finding receptors whose most stable conformations are similar to that expected in the supramolecular complex.
Characterization of folate receptor from normal and neoplastic murine tissue: influence of dietary folate on folate receptor expression. (1996)

Membrane-associated folate receptors (FRs) have been detected in many mammalian species, and multiple isoforms have been identified. The pharmacological properties of FRs from murine kidney, liver, and six murine tumors were characterized. Murine kidney expressed primarily folate-binding protein 1, analogous to human FR-alpha, whereas murine liver expressed predominantly folate-binding protein 2, analogous to human FR-beta. Five of six murine tumors expressed high-affinity FRs with pharmacological properties consistent with folate-binding protein 1 isoform expression. Restriction of dietary folate resulted in significant changes in the FR expression in most murine tissues. Kidney and tumor FRs showed a decreased affinity for folic acid, suggesting a change in isoform expression in response to a low folate diet. Density of the FR in the kidney decreased, and, in contrast, density of the FR in all tumors increased. The response of the liver to a low folate diet was unique in that there were no detectable changes in affinity or density of liver FR. Changes in dietary folate that modulate FR isoform expression may have relevance for cancer patients treated with antifolates.
Identification of small molecule inhibitors of Interleukin-18 (2017)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-18 plays an important role in host innate and adaptive immune defense but its aberrant activities are also associated with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. IL-18 activity is modulated in vivo by its naturally occurring antagonist, IL-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP). Recent crystal structures of human IL-18 (hIL-18) in complex with its antagonists or cognate receptor(s) have revealed a conserved binding interface on hIL-18. Through virtual screening of the National Cancer Institute Diversity Set II and in vitro competitive ELISA we have identified three compounds (NSC201631, NSC80734, and NSC61610) that disrupt hIL-18 binding to the ectromelia virus IL-18BP. Through cell-based bioassay, we show that NSC80734 inhibits IL-18-induced production of IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner with an EC<sub>50</sub> of ~250 nM. Our results and methodology presented here demonstrate the feasibility of developing small molecule inhibitors that specifically target the rather large interface of IL-18 that is involved in extensive protein-protein interactions with both IL-18BP and its cognate receptor(s). Our data therefore provide the basis for an approach by which small molecules can be identified that modulate IL-18 activity.
Nanoscale Growth of GaAs on Patterned Si(111) Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2013)

High-quality and defect-free GaAs were successfully grown via molecular beam epitaxy on silicon dioxide patterned Si(111) substrates by a two-step growth technique. Compared with the one-step approach, the two-step growth scheme has been found to be a better pathway to obtain a superior-quality GaAs on Si. Taking advantages of low energy for both Si(111) surface and GaAs/Si(111) interface, the two-step grown GaAs of total ∼175 nm atop patterned Si(111) substrates exhibits atomically smooth surface morphology, single crystallininty and a remarkably low defect density. A low-temperature GaAs nucleation layer of the two-step growth helps relieve the misfit stress by accommodating the misfit dislocations at the very adjacent GaAs/Si interface. The excellent properties of the two-step grown GaAs were investigated and verified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Finally we demonstrated a GaAs on Si solar cell, which could represent an important milestone for future applications in light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors on Si.
Nitrogen Doping into Cu<sub>2</sub>O Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (2001)

The effects of nitrogen doping into Cu 2 O thin films deposited by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering were studied. It was found that nitrogen is an effective p-type dopant for Cu 2 O and the hole density can be controlled from 1×10 15 cm -3 to approximately 10 17 cm -3 . The acceptor level of nitrogen was estimated to be about 0.14 eV by temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements and this value roughly agrees with that obtained by the effective mass theory. No significant degradation of structural and optical properties induced by nitrogen doping were observed. The resistivity of 15.2 Ωcm was obtained for a relatively high nitrogen flow rate, which is the lowest value reported to date for Cu 2 O thin films.
Knockdown of the Bmi-1 oncogene inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and is involved in the decrease of Akt phosphorylation in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 (2010)

It is well documented that B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1), widely overexpressed in the vast majority of malignancies, plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of several different tumors. Here, we report Bmi-1 siRNA-mediated cell proliferation inhibition and cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Our results demonstrated that Bmi-1 siRNA effectively down-regulated the expression of Bmi-1, inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, evoked cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, coupled with decrease in cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk2, bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression and Akt phosphorylation levels and an increase of p21 and bax expression and activities of caspase-3/-9. Taken together, our results suggest that Bmi-1 may be a potential molecular target for the therapy of breast carcinoma.