gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β‐ but not γ‐secretase proteolysis of APP causes synaptic and memory deficits in a mouse model of dementia (2011)

A mutation in the BRI2/ITM2b gene causes loss of BRI2 protein leading to familial Danish dementia (FDD). BRI2 deficiency of FDD provokes an increase in amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) processing since BRI2 is an inhibitor of APP proteolysis, and APP mediates the synaptic/memory deficits in FDD. APP processing is linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, which is consistent with a common mechanism involving toxic APP metabolites in both dementias. We show that inhibition of APP cleavage by β-secretase rescues synaptic/memory deficits in a mouse model of FDD. β-cleavage of APP yields amino-terminal-soluble APPβ (sAPPβ) and β-carboxyl-terminal fragments (β-CTF). Processing of β-CTF by γ-secretase releases amyloid-β (Aβ), which is assumed to cause AD. However, inhibition of γ-secretase did not ameliorate synaptic/memory deficits of FDD mice. These results suggest that sAPPβ and/or β-CTF, rather than Aβ, are the toxic species causing dementia, and indicate that reducing β-cleavage of APP is an appropriate therapeutic approach to treating human dementias. Our data and the failures of anti-Aβ therapies in humans advise against targeting γ-secretase cleavage of APP and/or Aβ.
Verification of Arithmetic Functions with Binary Moment Diagrams (1994)

Computer Science Department
Differential Expression of Cell Surface- and Dense Granule-Associated Neospora caninum Proteins in Tachyzoites and Bradyzoites (1998)

Morphologically, the tachyzoites and the tissue cysts of Neospora caninum are difficult to distinguish from those of other cyst-forming apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. Several stage-specific antigens have been identified in T. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites, and respective antibodies are useful tools for discriminating between the 2 stages during tachyzoite-bradyzoite interconversion in T. gondii infections. Whereas several cell surface- and dense granule-associated proteins have been identified and characterized in N. caninum tachyzoites, not much is known about antigenic components expressed in N. caninum bradyzoites. In this study, the differential expression of the 2 N. caninum surface proteins Nc-p43 and Nc-p36 and the dense granule protein Nc-p33 (NCDG1) within tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N. caninum has been investigated.
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses with Superior In Vitro Bone‐Forming Bioactivities (2004)

Large pore volumes and highly accessible mesopore surface areas are present in highly ordered mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) prepared by a block copolymer templating approach under non-aqueous conditions. These glasses have a high bone-forming bioactivity in vitro, as shown by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) and monitoring the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) on the surface (see electron micrographs).
Current approaches to cutaneous gene therapy (2006)

Rapid advances in gene technology over the past decade have illuminated the molecular pathophysiology of many human diseases. Harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic purposes defines the field of gene therapy. Progresses in vector design, gene delivery, regulation of targeted gene expression and immune modulation have brought attempts at therapeutic molecular manipulation much closer to clinical use. For the field of gene therapy, the skin represents a uniquely attractive tissue site because of its accessibility and instant visualization, in addition to the large number of diseases that are principally amenable to cutaneous gene transfer. Although expression of cDNA for the treatment of autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorders has been the main advance in the field, other seminal techniques, including therapeutic trans-splicing, oligonucleotide antisense technology and RNA interference, have also emerged to target autosomal dominant mutations. Promising perspectives and challenging limitations of these approaches to cutaneous gene therapy are reviewed in this article.
Identifying the Need for Respite Care for People with Learning Disabilities in Northern Ireland (1999)

The present paper describes the methods employed to investigate the range and models of respite care services provided for people with learning disabilities and their carers in Northern Ireland. A total of 1786 carers (representing 1917 persons with learning disabilities) were surveyed to determine their perceptions and levels of satisfaction regarding the range of services provided for them. In addition 101 local respite care services were examined and interviews conducted with commissioners, providers and professional support staff to assess the perceptions of individuals involved in the planning, commissioning and provision of respite care services. The study confirmed that regional variations existed throughout the Province and that the current range of services often failed to meet the significant (and often complex) needs of users. Epidemiological data was obtained regarding the presenting needs of users. Specific recommendations were made requesting that the availability of comprehensive information about respite care should be readily accessible to users and carers. The need to extend the range of services and to provide more inclusive services for groups such as children and adults with autistic spectrum disorder, people with behavioural and complex medical conditions was also identified. Whilst the study was conducted in Northern Ireland it is considered that many of the findings will be equally applicable to elsewhere in the UK and the Republic of Ireland.
Immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. (1989)

The recent explosion of knowledge in the field of immunology has resulted in the development of many new and exciting forms of treatment for cancer patients. The identification of murine MoAbs with reactivity against antigens found on sarcomas has been accomplished in recent years. However, many problems exist with these reagents. As these antibodies are raised in mice, they represent foreign proteins for humans. As such, the development of immunity against the antibodies has been one of the major problems in applying this modality in the clinic. Other problems, such as specificity, antigenic modulation, tumor cell heterogeneity, and trafficking of the antibody to the tumor, remain to be resolved. Current research involving the development of chimeric or human MoAbs may overcome some of these obstacles. Cell-mediated approaches to therapy have met with enthusiasm and modest success so far. Although LAK cell therapy has not resulted in tumor regressions in the small number of sarcoma patients treated, further studies to define the true response rate are underway. It is possible that treatment with tumor-specific cells such as TIL or "educated" lymphocytes will be more effective in attaining regression in patients with metastatic bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
Comparison of a conscious versus anesthetized canine model in response to milrinone, hydralazine and nitroprusside. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate, based on previous and new data, that the differences between a conscious and anesthetized canine model in the cardiovascular responses to cardiovasoactive agents were beyond their difference in the sensitivity of the compensatory mechanisms. In both conscious and anesthetized canine models, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased by hydralazine (at 1-3 mg/kg and 0.3-3 mg/kg; by -26.5 +/- 4.5 and -18.8 +/- 11.7% [max. changes expressed as mean +/- SEM], respectively). MAP was also decreased by nitroprusside (both at 0.01-0.1 mg/kg, by 54.6 +/- 2.8 and -60.5 +/- 3.0%, respectively) in the conscious and anesthetized models. However, the differential MAP responses to hydralazine and nitroprusside between the two models are inconsistent with a difference in the sensitivity of the two models. Hydralazine at 1 mg/kg decreased MAP greater in the conscious than anesthetized model, whereas nitroprusside decreased MAP similarly in the two models. In conclusion, not all differential responses to hydralazine and nitroprusside between conscious and anesthetized canine models can be explained by a difference in the sensitivity of their compensatory mechanisms.
Effect of Anode-Cathode Configuration on Paresthesia Coverage in Spinal Cord Stimulation (1997)

The relative positions of cathodes and anodes and their distance from the spinal cord are the major determinants of dorsal column/dorsal root activation and paresthesia distribution. The large interpatient variability of the intraspinal geometry is the main cause of differences in paresthesia coverage among patients having optimally placed electrode(s). Changes of paresthesia coverage over time are more probable when multiple electrodes are used.
Maximizing classifier utility when training data is costly (2006)

Classification is a well-studied problem in machine learning and data mining. Classifier performance was originally gauged almost exclusively using predictive accuracy. However, as work in the field progressed, more sophisticated measures of classifier utility that better represented the value of the induced knowledge were introduced. Nonetheless, most work still ignored the cost of acquiring training examples, even though this affects the overall utility of a classifier. In this paper we consider the costs of acquiring the training examples in the data mining process; we analyze the impact of the cost of training data on learning, identify the optimal training set size for a given data set, and analyze the performance of several progressive sampling schemes, which, given the cost of the training data, will generate classifiers that come close to maximizing the overall utility.
Comment on Papers by Chong <i>et al</i> ., Nishio <i>et al</i> ., and Suri <i>et al</i> . on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice (2006)

Chong et al., Nishio et al., and Suri et al. (Reports, 24 March 2006, pp. 1774, 1775, and 1778) confirmed that treating nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with an immune adjuvant and semisyngenic spleen cells can reverse the disease but found that spleen cells did not contribute to the observed recovery of pancreatic islets. We show that islet regeneration predominately originates from endogenous cells but that introduced spleen cells can also contribute to islet recovery.
Extracellular Nucleic Acids in Urine: Sources, Structure, Diagnostic Potential (2015)

Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) may reach the urine through cell necrosis or apoptosis, active secretion of nucleic acids by healthy and tumor cells of the urinary tract, and transport of circulating nucleic acids (cir- NA) from the blood into primary urine. Even though urinary DNA and RNA are fragmented, they can be used to detect marker sequences. MicroRNAs are also of interest as diagnostic probes. The stability of cfNA in the urine is determined by their structure and packaging into supramolecular complexes and by nuclease activity in the urine. This review summarizes current data on the sources of urinary cfNA, their structural features, diagnostic potential and factors affecting their stability.
Low Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass (Sarcopenia) in Older Persons Is Associated with Functional Impairment and Physical Disability (2002)

Reduced relative skeletal muscle mass in older Americans is a common occurrence that is significantly and independently associated with functional impairment and disability, particularly in older women. These observations provide strong support for the prevailing view that sarcopenia may be an important and potentially reversible cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons.
Diffusion curve textures for resolution independent texture mapping (2012)

We introduce a vector representation called diffusion curve textures for mapping diffusion curve images (DCI) onto arbitrary surfaces. In contrast to the original implicit representation of DCIs [Orzan et al. 2008], where determining a single texture value requires iterative computation of the entire DCI via the Poisson equation, diffusion curve textures provide an explicit representation from which the texture value at any point can be solved directly, while preserving the compactness and resolution independence of diffusion curves. This is achieved through a formulation of the DCI diffusion process in terms of Green's functions. This formulation furthermore allows the texture value of any rectangular region (e.g. pixel area) to be solved in closed form, which facilitates anti-aliasing. We develop a GPU algorithm that renders anti-aliased diffusion curve textures in real time, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through high quality renderings with detailed control curves and color variations.
APPROXIMATE SPECTRAL LEARNING USING NYSTROM METHOD (2016)

Constrained clustering algorithms as an input have a data set and constraints which inform it whether to put two items in the same cluster or not. Spectral clustering algorithms compute cluster assignments from eigenvectors of a matrix that is computed from the data set. In this paper, we study the class of constrained spectral clustering algorithms that incorporate constraints by modifying the graph adjacency matrix. The proposed algorithm combines Nystrom method with the existing spectral learning algorithm to produce a linear (in the number of vertices) time algorithm. We tested our algorithm on real world data sets and we demonstrated that it shows better results on some data sets than the original algorithm. In the end, we propose an algorithm for constrained multi view data clustering.
Variational optimal control technique for the tracking of deformable objects (2007)

In this paper, a new framework for the tracking of closed curves is described. The proposed approach, formalized through an optimal control technique, enables a continuous tracking along an image sequence of a deformable curve. The associated minimization process consists in a forward integration of a dynamical model followed by a backward integration of an adjoint dynamics. This latter pde includes a term related to the discrepancy between the state variables evolution law and discrete noisy measurements of the system. The closed curves are represented through an implicit surface.
Preservation of privacy in public-key cryptography (2015)

This work in this thesis can be divided into two aspects. Firstly, we consider confidentiality and anonymity under a scenario where an untrusted third party is involved in a cryptographic system to check all the messages received. Then we study confidentiality, anonymity and integrity under a special atack called related-key attack. Lastly, we pay attention to data integrity in the setting of related-key attacks, and show how data integrity can be broken in a proof of retrievability system by a related-key attack and show how data integrity can be broken in a proof of retrievability system by a related-key attack adversary and how to prevent such attacks.
A flexible analog memory address list manager for PHENIX (1996)

A programmable analog memory address list manager has been developed for use with all analog memory-based detector subsystems of PHENIX. The unit provides simultaneous read/write control, cell write-over protection for both a Level-1 trigger decision delay and digitization latency, and re-ordering of AMU addresses following conversion, at a beam crossing rate of 105 ns. Addresses are handled such that up to 5 Level-1 (LVL-1) events can be maintained in the AMU without write-over. Data tagging is implemented for handling overlapping and shared beam-event data packets. Full usage in all PHENIX analog memory-based detector subsystems is accomplished by the use of detector-specific programmable parameters-the number of data samples per valid LVL-1 trigger and the sample spacing. Architectural candidates for the system are discussed with emphasis on implementation implications. Details of the design are presented including application specifics, timing information, and test results from a full implementation using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
Kinetics of Electron Transfer Reactions of H<sub>2</sub>-Evolving Cobalt Diglyoxime Catalysts (2009)

Co−diglyoxime complexes catalyze H2 evolution from protic solutions at modest overpotentials. Upon reduction to CoI, a CoIII-hydride is formed by reaction with a proton donor. Two pathways for H2 production are analyzed: one is a heterolytic route involving protonation of the hydride to release H2 and generate CoIII; the other is a homoytic pathway requiring association of two CoIII-hydrides. Rate constants and reorganization parameters were estimated from analyses of laser flash−quench kinetics experiments (CoIII−CoII self-exchange k = 9.5 × 10−8 − 2.6 × 10−5 M−1 s−1; λ = 3.9 (±0.3) eV: CoII−CoI self-exchange k = 1.2 (±0.5) × 105 M−1 s−1; λ = 1.4 (±0.05) eV). Examination of both the barriers and driving forces associated with the two pathways indicates that the homolytic reaction (CoIIIH + CoIIIH → 2 CoII + H2) is favored over the route that goes through a CoIII intermediate (CoIIIH + H+ → CoIII + H2).
Space-time chip equalizer receivers for WCDMA downlink with code-multiplexed pilot and soft handover (2002)

In the downlink of WCDMA systems, multipath propagation destroys the orthogonality of the user signals and causes multi-user interference (MUI). Chip-level equalization can restore the orthogonality and suppress the MUI. However, adaptive implementations of the chip equalizer receiver that can track time-varying multipath channels are hard to realize in practice. In this paper, we propose new training-based and semi-blind space-time chip equalizer receivers for the downlink of WCDMA systems employing long spreading codes and a code-multiplexed pilot. The proposed receivers exploit the presence of common pilot symbols in the so-called Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) for 3G systems. Moreover, they can simultaneously track multiple base-station signals, whenever the mobile station enters soft handover mode. For both receivers, we derive a Least Squares algorithm for block processing and a Recursive Least Squares algorithm for adaptive processing. The proposed receivers are compared in terms of performance with the conventional space-time RAKE receiver and the ideal fully-trained space-time chip equalizer receiver.
IL-2 Protects Lupus-Prone Mice from Multiple End-Organ Damage by Limiting CD4−CD8− IL-17–Producing T Cells (2014)

IL-2, a cytokine with pleiotropic effects, is critical for immune cell activation and peripheral tolerance. Although the therapeutic potential of IL-2 has been previously suggested in autoimmune diseases, the mechanisms whereby IL-2 mitigates autoimmunity and prevents organ damage remain unclear. Using an inducible recombinant adeno-associated virus vector, we investigated the effect of low systemic levels of IL-2 in lupus-prone MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) (MRL/lpr) mice. Treatment of mice after the onset of disease with IL-2-recombinant adeno-associated virus resulted in reduced mononuclear cell infiltration and pathology of various tissues, including skin, lungs, and kidneys. In parallel, we noted a significant decrease of IL-17-producing CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T cells and an increase in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) immunoregulatory T cells (Treg) in the periphery. We also show that IL-2 can drive double-negative (DN) T cell death through an indirect mechanism. Notably, targeted delivery of IL-2 to CD122(+) cytotoxic lymphocytes effectively reduced the number of DN T cells and lymphadenopathy, whereas selective expansion of Treg by IL-2 had no effect on DN T cells. Collectively, our data suggest that administration of IL-2 to lupus-prone mice protects against end-organ damage and suppresses inflammation by dually limiting IL-17-producing DN T cells and expanding Treg.
Detergent Decellularization of Heart Valves for Tissue Engineering: Toxicological Effects of Residual Detergents on Human Endothelial Cells (2010)

Detergents are powerful agents for tissue decellularization. Despite this, the high toxicity of detergent residua can be a major limitation. This study evaluated the efficacy of detergent removal from decellularized pulmonary valves (PVs) and the consequences of repopulation with human endothelial cells (HECs). Porcine PVs were treated with 1% sodium deoxycholate (SDC), group A; 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), group B; and a mixture of 0.5% SDC/0.5% SDS, group C (n = 5 each). After each of 10 succeeding wash cycles (WCs), samples of the washing solution (WS) were analyzed by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography for the presence of detergents. Metabolic activity of HEC was also assessed in the WS samples (cytotoxicity and MTS assays). Decellularized and washed PVs were reseeded with HEC. Histological analysis demonstrated efficient tissue decellularization in all groups. Detergents' concentration in all WSs decreased exponentially and was below 50 mg/L after 6, 8, and 4 WCs in groups A, B, and C, respectively. This concentration resulted in no significant toxic influence on cell cultures, and scaffolds could be efficiently reseeded with HEC. In conclusion, intensive washing of detergent decellularized valvular scaffolds lowers the residual contamination below a hazardous threshold and allows their successful repopulation with HEC for tissue engineering purposes.
A fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller (2003)

An adaptive fuzzy controller based on the cerebellar model articulation controller is presented. The controller is basically a table lookup module in which fuzzy sets are stored and manipulated by using fuzzy set theory. Analogous to neural networks, this controller adaptively estimates continuous functions from sampled data without specifying mathematically how outputs depend on inputs. As a result, it is easy to modify in order to accommodate changes in the system. Learning is based on observations of the input-output relationship of the system, and there is no need to identify fuzzy logical rules from the human operator. The goal is to demonstrate the use of a neural-network scheme as applied to building the adaptive fuzzy system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dos documentos inéditos cervantinos (1989)

The authors present a codicological description, explanation of provenance, and paleographic edition of two unedited and autographed Cervantine documents. They are located in the Rosenbach Museum and Library collection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The documents contain information pertaining to the confiscation of olive oil and wheat for the Spanish galleys. Provenance is probably as follows: Simancas Archive — Paris — London — Philadelphia.
Adaptive user interface of product recommendation based on eye-tracking (2010)

To reduce the intrusive interaction and workload for the product recommendations, we seek implicit methods to indicate users' preferences and recommend desirable products on the interface automatically. In this paper, we validate our approach with interactive genetic algorithm to compute fitness based on the eye-movement data metrics. And construct the adaptation strategies for content and layout design on the user interface. A digital camera recommendation prototype is proposed, and in the user study, we find that users can get interested products information with less physical effort and more satisfactions.
Sulfonimidamides as Sulfonamides Bioisosteres: Rational Evaluation through Synthetic, in Vitro, and in Vivo Studies with γ‐Secretase Inhibitors (2012)

The proof of the pudding: A proof-of-concept study using γ-secretase inhibitors as a model has shown that sulfonimidamides act as bioisosteres for sulfonamides. Detailed in vitro and in vivo profiling reveal that the sulfonimidamide motif imparts desirable properties such as decreased lipophilicity and plasma protein binding, accompanied by increased solubility. Our data support a wider use of this unique functional group in the design of new pharmacologically active agents.