gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of a New Model of Arylpiperazines. 1. 2-[[4-(<i>o</i>-Methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,3- dioxoperhydroimidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyridine:  A Selective 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> Receptor Agonist (1996)

A series of new bicyclohydantoin-arylpiperazines was prepared and evaluated for affinity at 5-HT1A, alpha 1, and D2 receptors. Most of the compounds showed very low affinity for D2 receptors, and most of them demonstrated moderate to high affinity for 5-HT1A and alpha 1 receptor binding sites. SAR observations indicated that the length of the alkyl chain between the arylpiperazine and the hydantoin moiety is of great importance for 5-HT1A/alpha 1 affinity and selectivity, n = 1 being the optimal value. Compound 1h, 2-[[4-(o-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl] methyl]-1,3-dioxoperhydroimidazo [1,5-alpha]pyridine, bound at 5-HT1A sites with nanomolar affinity (Ki = 31.7 nM) and high selectivity over alpha 1, D2, and 5-HT2A receptors (Ki > 1000, > 10 000, and > 1000 nM, respectively). Preliminary studies showed that this agent is probably functioning as a partial to full 5-HT1A agonist, and it displayed anxiolytic activity on the social interaction test in mice.
Determination of the hydrogen absorption sites in Zn<sub>4</sub>O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) by single crystal neutron diffraction (2005)

A variable temperature (5-300 K) single crystal Laue neutron diffraction study has been conducted, and the gas absorption sites within hydrogen-loaded Zn(4)O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) have been located.
Algorithms for In‐Season Nutrient Management in Cereals (2016)

The demand for improved decision‐making products for cereal production systems has placed added emphasis on using plant sensors in‐season, and that incorporate real‐time, site specific, growing environments. The objectives of this work were to describe validated in‐season sensor‐based algorithms presently being used in cereal grain production systems for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and cereal grain yields. A review of research programs in the central Great Plains that have developed sensor‐based N recommendations for cereal crops was performed. Algorithms included multiple land‐grant university, government, and industry programs. A common thread in this review is the use of active sensors, particularly those using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for quantifying differences in fertilized and non‐fertilized areas, within a specific cropping season. In‐season prediction of yield potential over different sites and years is possible using NDVI, planting date, sensing date, cumulative growing degree days (GDD), and rainfall. Other in‐season environment‐specific inputs have also been used. Early passive sensors have advanced to by‐plant N fertilization using active NDVI and by‐plant statistical properties. Most recently, sensor‐based algorithm research has focused on the development of generalized mathematical models for determining optimal crop N application. The development and promotion of fee‐based modeling approaches for nutrient management continues. Nonetheless, several algorithms using active sensors for in‐season N management are available from state and government sources at no cost and that have been extensively field tested and can be modified by producers. Core Ideas Normalized difference vegetation index algorithms can improve fertilizer N efficiency. Normalized difference vegetation index sensors currently sold employ these algorithms. Algorithms rely on knowledge that increased yields increase fertilizer N demand. Yield potential and N response are independent. Nitrogen‐rich strips help to predict in‐season grain yields.
IEEE-P1552 packaging architecture for computer-busboard systems (PACS) (2002)

Initiated under IEEE-P1552 packaging architecture for computer-busboard systems (PACS) standards effort, this new electronic packaging specification extends the current two dimensional plug and play computer-based architecture of VMEbus, VXIbus, PCIbus, PXIbus, and several new standards into a three and four dimensional integrated hardware architecture. This extends power, control and signal forward front-to-back or back-to-front, in alignment with normal computer system serial functionality. Hardware interfaces relate primarily to packaging and data/signal/power interconnect mechanical/electrical mating specifications, that should permit subelements to be interchanged without impact on subelement interoperability. The standard functional performance is limited to mechanical engagement, connector styles/footprints, electrical pin characteristics, and pin mapping definitions.
CM01: a facility for cryo-electron microscopy at the European Synchrotron (2019)

Recent improvements in direct electron detectors, microscope technology and software provided the stimulus for a `quantum leap' in the application of cryo-electron microscopy in structural biology, and many national and international centres have since been created in order to exploit this. Here, a new facility for cryo-electron microscopy focused on single-particle reconstruction of biological macromolecules that has been commissioned at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is presented. The facility is operated by a consortium of institutes co-located on the European Photon and Neutron Campus and is managed in a similar fashion to a synchrotron X-ray beamline. It has been open to the ESRF structural biology user community since November 2017 and will remain open during the 2019 ESRF-EBS shutdown.
Matrix product states, projected entangled pair states, and variational renormalization group methods for quantum spin systems (2008)

This article reviews recent developments in the theoretical understanding and the numerical implementation of variational renormalization group methods using matrix product states and projected entangled pair states.
Unifying Textual and Visual Cues for Content-Based Image Retrieval on the World Wide Web (1999)

A system is proposed that combines textual and visual statistics in a single index vector for content-based search of a WWW image database. Textual statistics are captured in vector form using latent semantic indexing based on text in the containing HTML document. Visual statistics are captured in vector form using color and orientation histograms. By using an integrated approach, it becomes possible to take advantage of possible statistical couplings between the content of the document (latent semantic content) and the contents of images (visual statistics). The combined approach allows improved performance in conducting content-based search. Search performance experiments are reported for a database containing 350,000 images collected from the WWW.
From databases to rule bases (2002)

Induction is the process of reasoning from specific instances to general concepts. It is the development of universal concepts from individual episodes. Induction is used to develop rules of thumb (i.e. universal concepts) from databases (i.e. collections of records of individual episodes). In the expert system domain, induction is the ability to develop expert system rules from database records. If one was to look at a particular vendor offering induction, it could be looked upon as the ability to develop LEVEL5 or LEVEL5 OBJECT knowledge bases from FOCUS databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (2008)

Understanding the pathophysiogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) largely rests on the use of models of status epilepticus (SE), as in the case of the pilocarpine model. The main features of TLE are: (i) epileptic foci in the limbic system; (ii) an "initial precipitating injury"; (iii) the so-called "latent period"; and (iv) the presence of hippocampal sclerosis leading to reorganization of neuronal networks. Many of these characteristics can be reproduced in rodents by systemic injection of pilocarpine; in this animal model, SE is followed by a latent period and later by the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs). These processes are, however, influenced by experimental conditions such as rodent species, strain, gender, age, doses and routes of pilocarpine administration, as well as combinations with other drugs administered before and/or after SE. In the attempt to limit these sources of variability, we evaluated the methodological procedures used by several investigators in the pilocarpine model; in particular, we have focused on the behavioural, electrophysiological and histopathological findings obtained with different protocols. We addressed the various experimental approaches published to date, by comparing mortality rates, onset of SRSs, neuronal damage, and network reorganization. Based on the evidence reviewed here, we propose that the pilocarpine model can be a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms involved in TLE, and even more so when standardized to reduce mortality at the time of pilocarpine injection, differences in latent period duration, variability in the lesion extent, and SRS frequency.
Mass Spectrometry: An Outsourcing Guide (2009)

Abstract Proteomics is the study of the proteins expressed from the genome of a cell or organism. Analytical mass spectrometry has recently become a powerful tool to study a cell or organism's proteome and is the focus of this chapter. Mass spectrometry can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteomes. This chapter will focus on qualitative analysis, addressing questions of what proteins are present in a proteome and what post‐translational modifications may be associated with these proteins. The instrumentation required for mass spectrometric analysis is generally not available in a standard research laboratory or as part of an undergraduate laboratory, being associated in general with a core facility. We will not describe here details of specific operation of the instruments. Here we focus on the common types of analysis presently in routine use and on preparation of samples for routine biological mass spectrometric analysis that will allow most laboratories, including undergraduate and graduate teaching laboratories, to prepare and analyze samples in experiments designed to obtain proteomic information. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech . 2:12.2.1‐12.1.18. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Construction, Expression, and Properties of a Recombinant Chimeric Human Protein C with Replacement of Its Growth Factor-like Domains by Those of Human Coagulation Factor IX (1994)

The cDNA encoding a chimeric human protein C (PC), in which its epidermal growth factor-(EGF) like regions have been replaced with equivalent structures from human factor IX (fIX), was constructed and the gene product was expressed in human 293 cells. A molecular subpopulation of the recombinant chimeric protein (r-[PC/delta EGF-1,2/delta fIXEGF-1,2]) was purified that contained the full complement (9 residues/mol) of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). After conversion by thrombin to its activated form (r-[APC/delta EGF-1,2/delta fIXEGF-1,2]), this latter enzyme was found to possess approximately 10% of the activity of wild-type recombinant APC (wtr-APC) in an APTT assay. In assay systems employing purified components, the activity of the mutant enzyme toward prothrombinase cofactor Va (fVa) and tenase cofactor VIII (fVIII) was approximately 30% and < 10%, respectively, of that of wtr-APC. The chimeric protein displayed full reactivity with a Ca(2+)-dependent monoclonal antibody to the Gla domain of PC, yielding a C50 for Ca2+ that was very similar to that obtained with wtr-PC (ca. 3.7 mM). Titrations of the dependency on Ca2+ of the intrinsic fluorescence of r-[PC/delta EGF-1,2/delta fIXEGF-1,2] allowed calculation of a C50 value of 0.34 mM, again very similar to that of wtr-PC. As with wtr-PC, Ca2+ inhibited the thrombin-catalyzed activation of r-[PC/delta EGF-1,2/delta fIXEGF-1,2] with aKi of 148 microM, as compared to a Ki of 125 microM for wtr-PC. At a saturating level of Ca2+, activation of r-[PC/delta EGF-1,2/delta fIXEGF-1,2/] by the thrombin/thrombomodulin (thrombin/TM) complex occurred at approximately 70% of the rate of that of wtr-PC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimization of Isomaltooligosaccharide Size Distribution by Acceptor Reaction of <i>Weissella confusa</i> Dextransucrase and Characterization of Novel α-(1→2)-Branched Isomaltooligosaccharides (2016)

Long-chain isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) are promising prebiotics. IMOs were produced by a Weissella confusa dextransucrase via maltose acceptor reaction. The inputs of substrates (i.e., sucrose and maltose, 0.15-1 M) and dextransucrase (1-10 U/g sucrose) were used to control IMO yield and profile. According to response surface modeling, 1 M sucrose and 0.5 M maltose were optimal for the synthesis of longer IMOs, whereas the dextransucrase dosage showed no significant effect. In addition to the principal linear IMOs, a homologous series of minor IMOs were also produced from maltose. As identified by MS(n) and NMR spectroscopy, the minor trisaccharide contained an α-(1→2)-linked glucosyl residue on the reducing residue of maltose and thus was α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-d-glucopyranose (centose). The higher members of the series were probably formed by the attachment of a single unit branch to linear IMOs. This is the first report of such α-(1→2)-branched IMOs produced from maltose by a dextransucrase.
Correlation of MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Findings with Cognitive Impairment in Mucopolysaccharidosis II (2007)

Our study showed that severe WM lesions, brain atrophy, hydrocephalus, and elevated mIns/Cr were more common in patients with MPS II and with CI.
Dry etching of using chemically assisted ion beam etching (1997)

The dry etching characteristics of grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition have been investigated using chemically assisted ion beam etching with an Ar ion beam and gas. Etch rates were investigated as a function of Al composition in ranging from GaN to AlN and as a function of ion beam energy. Anisotropic etched structures with smooth surfaces are demonstrated in layers. Auger electron spectroscopy of etched AlGaN surfaces shows that the stoichiometry is essentially unchanged after etching.
Cell division and transcription of ftsZ (1993)

For normal cell division, the ftsZ gene must be transcribed from a number of promoters that are located within the proximal upstream genes (ddlB, ftsQ, and ftsA). We show that the main promoters have identical responses to changes in growth rate, i.e., under all conditions, the frequency of transcription per septum formed is approximately constant and independent of cell size or growth rate per se. We also show that transcription from these promoters is independent of stationary-phase transcription factor sigma s.
Book of common prayer services in four city congregations (2012)

The first Christian church service in the newly established colony of New South Wales was held on 3 February 1788, a week after the inaugural flag raising ceremony. The service was conducted by Richard Johnson, the Chaplain to the First Fleet. He led from the Book of Common Prayer that had been presented to him by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Plymouth nearly a year earlier. Since that time the Book of Common Prayer has been in use throughout Australia, shaping the life of both Church and nation.
Mutations and Deletions of the <i>CBP</i> Gene in Human Lung Cancer (2005)

A fraction of lung cancers carried mutations and/or deletions of the CBP gene, suggesting that genetic CBP alterations are involved in the genesis and/or progression of a subset of lung cancers.
Thermal and flammability properties of a silica–poly(methylmethacrylate) nanocomposite (2003)

Abstract PMMA, poly(metheylmethacrylate), nanocomposites were made by in situ radical polymerization of MMA, methylmethacrylate, with colloidal silica (ca. 12 nm) to study the effects of nanoscale silica particles on the physical properties and flammability properties of PMMA. Transparent samples resulted and the dispersity of the particles was examined by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The addition of nanosilica particles (13% by mass) did not significantly change the thermal stability, but it made a small improvement in modulus, and it reduced the peak heat release rate roughly 50%. Last, the flame‐retardant mechanism provided by the addition of nanosilica particles in PMMA is discussed. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2072–2078, 2003
The Fifth Len Cosson Memorial Lecture, 1994 (1995)

It is a great privilege to give this lecture in memory of Len Cosson who was a colleague and a close personal friend. Life is full of ironies because those of you who remember Len’s teaching methods will know that he thought lectures were a total waste of time. However I think he would enjoy this occasion on two counts. Firstly he would appreciate the tribute and secondly, knowing his sense of humour he would enjoy enormously the spectacle of me struggling to turn a lecture into an educational experience. The theme of this lecture will be “Learning from George the Third’s Physicians or Minding is not Good Enough”.
Differential regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta by protein kinase C isotypes. (1992)

In cells, stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) results in the dephosphorylation of specific residues proximal to the DNA binding domain of c-Jun, a major component of the AP-1 transcription factor. Since phosphorylation of this region of c-Jun inhibits interaction with DNA, this pathway may contribute to PKC activation of AP-1. To determine the mechanism(s) underlying this pathway, possible interactions between PKC and proteins implicated in c-Jun regulation are being investigated. Here it is shown that glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta), a serine/threonine kinase that specifically targets the inhibitory c-Jun phosphorylation sites, is phosphorylated in vitro by particular forms of PKC (alpha, beta 1, gamma greater than beta 2; not epsilon). By contrast, the related GSK-3 alpha is not a substrate for any of these PKC isotypes. Phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta by PKC results in its specific inactivation. These results are consistent with a model in which activation of PKC stimulates c-Jun DNA binding by inhibiting its phosphorylation by GSK-3 beta.
Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study (2016)

This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain. Of 69 healthy subjects aged 18 to 60 years, 23 each were randomly allocated to low-dose (0.04% + 2%) and high-dose (0.1% + 5%) CLON + PTX groups. Both of these groups also received their corresponding placebos in one of 2 treatment periods separated by at least 48 hours. Twenty-three additional subjects received either CLON (0.1%) or PTX (5%) as single drug treatments, in each of 2 treatment periods. Assessment of analgesic efficacy was based on allodynic effects of previous intraepidermal capsaicin injection, as well as postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain 50 minutes following capsaicin injection. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ratings of pain intensity and the area of dynamic mechanical allodynia were the primary outcome measures, whereas area of punctate mechanical allodynia (PMA) served as a secondary outcome measure. Topical treatments with high- or low-dose combinations significantly reduced VAS ratings compared with corresponding placebo treatments throughout the period of postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain. Importantly, the high-dose combination produced lower VAS ratings than CLON alone, which were lower than PTX alone. Results also revealed significant inhibition of postcapsaicin dynamic mechanical allodynia and PMA for the high-dose combination compared with placebo, and of PMA for CLON compared with the low-dose combination. Hence, the present data are supportive of further clinical investigation of the high-dose topical combination of CLON + PTX in complex regional pain syndrome and neuropathic pain patients, for which our preclinical data predict efficacy.
p150<sup>Sal2</sup> Is a p53-Independent Regulator of p21<sup>WAF1/CIP</sup> (2004)

p150(Sal2), a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster homeotic transcription factor Spalt, has previously been shown to be a binding target of the polyomavirus large T antigen. p150(Sal2) acts as an inhibitor of viral DNA synthesis, and the binding of p150(Sal2) by large T overcomes this inhibition. The present study focuses on the effects of p150(Sal2) on the growth and survival of ovarian carcinoma (OVCA) cells that are deficient in expression of p150(Sal2) and of normal established human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells which abundantly express the protein. Transient expression of exogenous p150(Sal2) in OVCA cells that show little or no endogenous expression resulted in inhibition of DNA synthesis and colony formation and in increased apoptosis. OVCA cells stably transfected and expressing physiological levels of p150(Sal2) showed reduced tumorigenicity accompanied by increased expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21) and BAX. Conversely, reduction of endogenous levels of p150(Sal2) in HOSE resulted in reduced p21 expression and increased DNA synthesis. p150(Sal2) bound to the p21 promoter adjacent to the known p53 binding sites and stimulated transcription in the absence of p53. We propose that p150(Sal2), acting in part as a p53-independent regulator of p21 and BAX, can function in some cell types as a regulator of cell growth and survival.
Improving mid-tone quality of variable-coefficient error diffusion using threshold modulation (2003)

In this paper, we describe the use of threshold modulation to remove the visual artifacts contained in the variable-coefficient error-diffusion algorithm. To obtain a suitable parameter set for the threshold modulation, a cost function used for the search of optimal parameters is designed. An optimal diffusion parameter set, as well as the corresponding threshold modulation strength values, is thus obtained. Experiments over this new set of parameters show that, compared with the original variable-coefficient error-diffusion algorithm, threshold modulation can remove visual anomalies more effectively. The result of the new algorithm is an artifact-free halftoning in the full range of intensities. Fourier analysis of the experimental results further support this conclusion.