gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The speciation and subtyping of campylobacter isolates from sewage plants and waste water from a connected poultry abattoir using molecular techniques (1995)

In this study the distribution of phenotypes of campylobacter strains in sewage and surface waters was investigated by subtyping and by speciation of isolates from various aquatic environments. These environments included two municipal sewage plants (SPA and SPB) and waste water from a poultry abattoir (WWA). Both the sewage plants SPA and SPB collected domestic and industrial waste, and SPA received drain water from WWA. SPB received no waste water from any meat-processing plant. The isolates were speciated by PCR and subtyped by PCR/RFLP based on the flagellin PCR products. From all three reservoirs, no Campylobacter lari was isolated, and approximately 80% of the isolates could be identified as C. jejuni and the rest belonged to the C. coli species. The PCR/RFLP typing technique has a high discrimination level and was reproducible between two separate laboratories. The 182 isolates tested yielded 22 distinct Dde I profiles. The results indicate that strains with profiles found in poultry are also detectable in waste water presumed to be solely from domestic and human sources. In addition some strains were unique to the known poultry-related sources, suggesting that avian-specific strains, non-pathogenic to man, may exist in the environment. In contrast some strains were unique to human waste indicating the potential importance of non-poultry sources of infection. No seasonality was observed in the profile distribution. So, at least in the Netherlands, it is unlikely that infections caused by contaminated surface waters contribute to the seasonality of human campylobacteriosis.
Phenolic contamination in the sand-and-gravel aquifer from a surface impoundment of wood treatment wastes, Pensacola, Florida (1984)

The discharge of creosote and pentachlorophenol wastewaters to unlined surface impoundments has resulted in ground-water contamination in the vicinity of a wood-treatment plant near Pensacola, Florida. Total phenol concentrations of 36,000 micrograms per liter have been detected at a depth 40 feet below land surface in a test hole 100 feet south of the overflow impoundment. Phenol concentrations in this same test hole were less than 10 micrograms per liter at a depth of 90 feet below land surface. Samples collected in test holes 1,350 feet downgradient from the surface impoundments and 100 feet north of Pensacola Bay, above and immediately below a clay lens, indicate that phenol contaminated ground water may not be discharging directly into Pensacola Bay. Phenol concentrations exceeding 20 micrograms per liter were detected in samples from a drainage ditch discharging directly into Bayou Chico.
Maximizing the Performance of 650-V p-GaN Gate HEMTs: Dynamic RON Characterization and Circuit Design Considerations (2016)

The systematic characterization of a 650-V/13-A enhancement-mode GaN power transistor with p-GaN gate is presented. Critical device parameters such as ON-resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> and threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> are evaluated under both static and dynamic (i.e., switching) operating conditions. The dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> is found to exhibit different dependence on the gate drive voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> from the static R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> . While reasonably suppressed at higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> of 5 and 6 V, the degradation in dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> is significantly larger at lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> of 3-4 V, which is attributed to the positive shift in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> under switching operations. In addition to characterization of discrete devices, a custom-designed double-pulse test circuit with 400-V, 10-A test capability is built to evaluate the transient switching performance of the p-GaN gate power transistors. Optimal gate drive conditions are proposed to: 1) provide sufficient gate over-drive to minimize the impact of the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> shift on the dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ; and 2) leave enough headroom to save the device from excessive gate stresses. Moreover, gate drive circuit design and board layout considerations are also discussed by taking into account the fast switching characteristics of GaN devices.
Microalgae for Biofuels and Animal Feeds (2013)

The potential of microalgae biomass production for low-cost commodities—biofuels and animal feeds—using sunlight and CO2 is reviewed. Microalgae are currently cultivated in relatively small-scale systems, mainly for high value human nutritional products. For commodities, production costs must be decreased by an order of magnitude, and high productivity algal strains must be developed that can be stably cultivated in large open ponds and harvested by low-cost processes. For animal feeds, the algal biomass must be high in digestible protein and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that can substitute for fish meal and fish oils. Biofuels will require a high content of vegetable oils (preferably triglycerides), hydrocarbons or fermentable carbohydrates. Many different cultivation systems, algal species, harvesting methods, and biomass processing technologies are being developed worldwide. However, only raceway-type open pond systems are suitable for the production of low-cost commodities.
Islets-Activating Protein (IAP) in Bordetella pertussis that Potentiates Insulin Secretory Responses of Rats (1978)

Journal Article Islets-Activating Protein (IAP) in Bordetella pertussis that Potentiates Insulin Secretory Responses of Rats: Purification and Characterization Get access Motoyuki YAJIMA, Motoyuki YAJIMA *R & D Project, Kakenyaku Kako Co., Ltd.Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-21 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Koichi HOSODA, Koichi HOSODA *R & D Project, Kakenyaku Kako Co., Ltd.Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-21 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshinori KANBAYASHI, Yoshinori KANBAYASHI *R & D Project, Kakenyaku Kako Co., Ltd.Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-21 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tsutomu NAKAMURA, Tsutomu NAKAMURA *R & D Project, Kakenyaku Kako Co., Ltd.Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-21 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katsumi NOGIMORI, Katsumi NOGIMORI *R & D Project, Kakenyaku Kako Co., Ltd.Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-21 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yutaka MIZUSHIMA, Yutaka MIZUSHIMA *R & D Project, Kakenyaku Kako Co., Ltd.Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-21 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yasukiyo NAKASE, Yasukiyo NAKASE **Department of Bacteriology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesMinato-ku, Tokyo 108 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michio UI Michio UI **Department of Bacteriology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesMinato-ku, Tokyo 108 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 83, Issue 1, January 1978, Pages 295–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131904 Published: 01 January 1978 Article history Received: 11 July 1977 Published: 01 January 1978
The ultrasound cardioscope: A hand‐held scanner for real‐time cardiac imaging (1980)

Abstract A miniaturized hand‐held ultrasound scanner that permits two‐dimensional echocardiography is described. The device has been routinely used in our emergency department, coronary care unit, wards, and outpatient department. The device has advantages in situations where rapid decisions are demanded of the expert echocardiographer. It permits improved bedside analysis of patients with puzzling cardiac conditions. An important feature is that the instrument can be used as a substitute for cardiac fluoroscopy in office practice. Tests performed in 100 consecutive patients have demonstrated that reasonable semiquantitative estimation of the sizes of left‐side heart structures is possible. This new‐generation instrument can make diagnostic ultrasound more readily available in emergency situations and should have considerable influence on the use of cardiac ultrasound for bedside diagnosis. It will undoubtedly affect future developments in automatic, portable, and special dedicated ultrasound equipment.
Kinetics of Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of a Polyphosphate in Water (1998)

The zeroth-order reaction of the hydrolysis of sodium polyphosphate in water at pH = 0 can be explained assuming the formation of a pentacovalent terminal phosphorus intermediate. A terminal unit is activated for hydrolysis by protonation of the double-bond oxygen on that unit followed by a nucleophilic attack of water. Proton transfer from an OH group to a P−O−P bond breaks the bond, thereby shortening the phosphate polymer. A mathematical equation is developed to explain the reaction order of the hydrolysis.
Activity-Guided Chemo Toxic Profiling of<i>Cassia occidentalis</i>(CO) Seeds: Detection of Toxic Compounds in Body Fluids of CO-Exposed Patients and Experimental Rats (2015)

Our prior studies have shown an association between the deaths of children and consumption of Cassia occidentalis (CO) seeds. However, the chemicals responsible for the CO poisoning are not known. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the key moieties in CO seeds and their cytotoxicity in rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Activity-guided sequential extraction and fractionation of the seeds followed by GC-MS analysis identified the toxic compounds in the CO seeds. These identified compounds were subsequently detected and quantified in blood and urine samples from CO-exposed rats and CO poisoning human study cases. GC-MS analysis of different fractions of methanol extracts of CO seeds revealed the presence of five anthraquinones (AQs), viz. physcion, emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol. Interestingly, these AQs were detected in serum and urine samples from the study cases and CO-exposed rats. Cytotoxicity analysis of the above AQs in rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells revealed that rhein is the most toxic moiety, followed by emodin, aloe-emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol. These studies indicate that AQ aglycones are responsible for producing toxicity, which may be associated with symptoms of hepatomyoencephalopathy in CO poisoning cases.
A Second Endolysin Gene Is Fully Embedded In-Frame with the lysA Gene of Mycobacteriophage Ms6 (2011)

Mycobacteriophages are dsDNA viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts. The mycobacteriophage Ms6 accomplishes lysis by producing two cell wall hydrolytic enzymes, Lysin A (LysA) that possesses a central peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) super-family conserved domain with the amidase catalytic site, that cleaves the amide bond between the N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine residues in the oligopeptide crosslinking chains of the peptidoglycan and Lysin B (LysB) a mycolylarabinogalactan esterase that hydrolyzes the mycolic acids from the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex. Examination of the endolysin (lysA) DNA sequence revealed the existence of an embedded gene (lysA(241)) encoded in the same reading frame and preceded by a consensus ribosome-binding site. In the present work we show that, even though lysA is essential for Ms6 viability, phage mutants that express only the longer (Lysin(384)) or the shorter (Lysin(241)) endolysin are viable, but defective in the normal timing, progression and completion of host cell lysis. In addition, both endolysins have peptidoglycan hydrolase activity and demonstrated broad growth inhibition activity against various gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria.
A New Isolation Method of Caseinoglycopeptide from Sweet Cheese Whey (1991)

Caseinoglycopeptides were isolated from sweet cheese whey by alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography after heat coagulation of whey protein. The most successful method for obtaining the highest yield was by heating 10% (wt/vol) whey solution at pH 6.0 for 1 h, followed by precipitation with cold ethyl alcohol (50% voVvol). The caseinoglycopeptide was fractionated into sialo-and asial<K:aseinoglycopeptides by peanut (Arachis hypogoea) lectin-affinity chromatography. Caseinoglycopeptides exhibited five peaks on reverse-phase HPLC, which were divided into the first peak of an asial<K:aseinoglycopeptide and sialocaseinoglycopeptide in the following four peaks. The ratio of asialo-caseinoglycopeptide in whole caseinoglycopeptide is approximately 10%. Asialocaseinoglycopeptide also could be prepared from cheese whey acidified to pH 3.0 and heated for 1 h at 98"C. Sialic acid in caseinoglycopeptide was completely released by this treatment. The yield of caseinoglycopeptide was approximately 1.1 g from 100 g of cheese whey powder. (
The Effects of Children's Stereotypes on Their Memory for Elderly Individuals. (1995)

First-, third-, and fifth-grade children were asked to recall positive or negative information about individuals labeled elderly and individuals not labeled at all. Children recalled more negative description information about the individuals, regardless of the age of the character the length of the delay, and the age of the children. However, for additional statements, children recalled more negative statements about the elderly than they did about individuals not labeled elderly. The elderly description also led to some distortions in children's recall. That is, some of the positive information about the elderly (e.g., the person was healthy) was recalled in its negative form (e.g, the person was sick). These results suggest that children's concepts or stereotypes about the elderly affect the organization and recall of information about specific elderly individuals
PMMA: An Essential Material in Medicine and Dentistry (2005)

The first use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a dental device was for the fabrication of complete denture bases. Its qualities of biocompatibility, reliability, relative ease of manipulation, and low toxicity were soon seized upon and incorporated by many different medical specialties. PMMA has been used for (a) bone cements; (b) contact and intraocular lens; (c) screw fixation in bone; (d) filler for bone cavities and skull defects; and (e) vertebrae stabilization in osteoporotic patients. The many uses of PMMA in the field of medicine will be the focus of this review, with particular attention paid to assessing its physical properties, advantages, disadvantages, and complications. Although numerous new alloplastic materials show promise, the versatility and reliability of PMMA cause it to remain a popular and frequently used material.
Spectroscopic observation of silylene-ether complexes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic observation of silylene-ether complexesGregory R. Gillette, George H. Noren, and Robert WestCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 12, 2617–2618Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00155a033https://doi.org/10.1021/om00155a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Arsenic in groundwater: Testing pollution mechanisms for sedimentary aquifers in Bangladesh (2001)

In the deltaic plain of the Ganges‐Meghna‐Brahmaputra Rivers, arsenic concentrations in groundwater commonly exceed regulatory limits (>50 µg L −1 ) because FeOOH is microbially reduced and releases its sorbed load of arsenic to groundwater. Neither pyrite oxidation nor competitive exchange with fertilizer phosphate contribute to arsenic pollution. The most intense reduction and so severest pollution is driven by microbial degradation of buried deposits of peat. Concentrations of ammonium up to 23 mg L −1 come from microbial fermentation of buried peat and organic waste in latrines. Concentrations of phosphorus of up to 5 mg L −1 come from the release of sorbed phosphorus when FeOOH is reductively dissolved and from degradation of peat and organic waste from latrines. Calcium and barium in groundwater come from dissolution of detrital (and possibly pedogenic) carbonate, while magnesium is supplied by both carbonate dissolution and weathering of mica. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of dissolved strontium define a two‐component mixing trend between monsoonal rainfall (0.711±0.001) and detrital carbonate (<0.735).
DNA Methylation Supports Intrinsic Epigenetic Memory in Mammalian Cells (2006)

We have investigated the role of DNA methylation in the initiation and maintenance of silenced chromatin in somatic mammalian cells. We found that a mutated transgene, in which all the CpG dinucleotides have been eliminated, underwent transcriptional silencing to the same extent as the unmodified transgene. These observations demonstrate that DNA methylation is not required for silencing. The silenced CpG-free transgene exhibited all the features of heterochromatin, including silencing of transcriptional activity, delayed DNA replication, lack of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, lack of H3-K4 methylation, and enrichment in tri-methyl-H3-K9. In contrast, when we tested for transgene reactivation using a Cre recombinase-mediated inversion assay, we observed a marked difference between a CpG-free and an unmodified transgene: the CpG-free transgene resumed transcription and did not exhibit markers of heterochromatin whereas the unmodified transgene remained silenced. These data indicate that methylation of CpG residues conferred epigenetic memory in this system. These results also suggest that replication delay, lack of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, H3-K4 methylation, and enrichment in tri-methyl-H3-K9 are not sufficient to confer epigenetic memory. We propose that DNA methylation within transgenes serves as an intrinsic epigenetic memory to permanently silence transgenes and prevent their reactivation.
Super resolution and image enhancement using novelty concepts (2002)

Many remote sensing applications involve operating the sensor in a "staring" mode in which the line-of-sight (LOS) is fixed to a point in the background scene. Inadvertent motions of the line-of-sight either blur the image or create unwanted time signals in the sensor's output. This paper develops a unique technique that actually utilizes the LOS motions between data frames and estimates the underlying scene at a spatial resolution that is "finer" than the basic detector array of the sensor. The approach employs random sampling theory and the concepts of novelty filtering to optimally store all information contained in a set of measured images. The novelty concept develops a set of orthogonal "eigenimages" from a sequence of image frames. The next image is interrogated for "novel" changes not present in the previous frames and the eigenimages are updated with this new information. The LOS motions provide a random sampling of the underlying image. Even though the motions may be random, if they are known then the eigenimages are interpolated to provide an estimate of the detector outputs for any arbitrary sensor pointing. This on be used to either estimate and remove the background from subsequent frames (staring clutter rejection) or provide an image of the underlying background at high spatial resolution (super resolution) The paper presents the theoretical derivation and illustrates the performance of the approach using a set of high fidelity simulated scenes for a space based sensor.
Superlattice avalanche photodiode with a gain-bandwidth product larger than 100 GHz for very-high-speed systems (1993)

Even for lightwave transmission systems above 10 Gbit/s, highly sensitive and compact photoreceivers are preferable. An avalanche photodiode (APD) with a large gain-bandwidth (GB) product would be one of the most promising candidates for receivers in systems with such extremely high bit rates, as well as in systems with lower bit rates.1 Recently, we reported a superlattice (SL) APD with a GB product of 80 GHz under a 3-dB bandwidth of 12 GHz,2 where the SL allowed us to enhance the ionization-rate ratio for achieving the high GB product.3 To improve the GB product further, it is necessary to reduce the SL multiplication-layer thickness4 by overcoming the problem of the accompanying tunneling breakdown with thinning of the SL layer thickness. Here, we demonstrate an InAlAs/InGaAs SL-APD with a GB product of 130 GHz under a 3-dB bandwidth of 12 GHz by introducing a novel SL structure of less than 0.2-µm thickness.
Hirschsprung's disease associated with a deletion of chromosome 10 (q11.2q21.2): a further link with the neurocristopathies? (1994)

We report a patient with total colonic aganglionosis in association with a deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome 10: (del(10)(q11.2q21.2)). This deletion includes the ret proto-oncogene, which has recently been implicated in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A). The possible links between Hirschsprung's disease and the neurocristopathies and the aetiological role of abnormalities of neural crest development in these conditions are discussed.
[Gastrointestinal motility disorders relevant to general practice]. (2002)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia and esophageal spasms are the most frequent esophageal motility disorders and are associated with dysphagia and non-cardiac chest pain. The diagnosis of achalasia is based on manometric criteria. Pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic myotomy, and the minimal invasive injection of botulinum toxin are therapeutic options. Long-term-pH-metry is the gold standard to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the first-line therapy in reflux disease. Esophageal manometry and pH-metry are essential investigations prior to an antireflux operation. The evaluation of chronic constipation refractory to medical treatment should include anal manometry, and MR-defecography for the diagnosis of anorectal outlet obstruction such as anismus which could be treated successfully by biofeedback therapy.