gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of SIP30 in the development and maintenance of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain (2009)

Using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain, we profiled gene expression in the rat spinal cord, and identified SIP30 as a gene whose expression was elevated after CCI. SIP30 was previously shown to interact with SNAP25, but whose function was otherwise unknown. We now show that in the spinal cord, SIP30 was present in the dorsal horn laminae where the peripheral nociceptive inputs first synapse, co-localizing with nociception-related neuropeptides CGRP and substance P. With the onset of neuropathic pain after CCI surgery, SIP30 mRNA and protein levels increased in the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord, suggesting a potential association between SIP30 and neuropathic pain. When CCI-upregulated SIP30 was inhibited by intrathecal antisense oligonucleotide administration, neuropathic pain was attenuated. This neuropathic pain-reducing effect was observed both during neuropathic pain onset following CCI, and after neuropathic pain was fully established, implicating SIP30 involvement in the development and maintenance phases of neuropathic pain. Using a secretion assay in PC12 cells, anti-SIP30 siRNA decreased the total pool of synaptic vesicles available for exocytosis, pointing to a potential function for SIP30. These results suggest a role of SIP30 in the development and maintenance of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering for Molecular Biology: Basics and Instrumentation (2009)

As researchers strive to understand the interplay between the complex molecular systems that make up living cells, tools for characterizing the interactions between the various players involved have developed. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) plays an important role in building a molecular-level understanding of the structures of macromolecular systems that make up cells. SANS is widely applicable to the study of biological structures including, but by no means limited to, protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid complexes, lipid membranes, cellular scaffolding, and amyloid plaques. Here, we present a brief description of the technique as it is commonly applied to the study of biological systems and an overview instrumentation that is available at the various facilities around the world.
Alkaline phosphatase and a cellulase reporter protein are not exported from the cytoplasm when fused to large N-terminal portions of the <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> surface (S)-layer protein (1994)

Using a gene fusion approach, hybrid proteins were created by linking alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) or a cellulase reporter (delta CenA) to four large N-terminal portions of the Caulobacter crescentus surface (S)-layer protein (RsaA; 1026 amino acids). Three of the sites (amino acids 189, 220, 315) were selected on the basis of TnphoA experiments that suggested the first 250-350 amino acids of RsaA could mediate export of PhoA from the cytoplasm while the fourth lay only 21 amino acids from the C-terminus. Expression of all fusions except rsaA(315):delta cenA and rsaA(315):phoA was toxic to C. crescentus. None of the gene fusions were toxic when expressed by Escherichia coli DH5 alpha, where all the hybrid proteins accumulated as inclusion bodies. The toxicity of hybrid proteins encoding 189, 220, and 1005 RsaA-derived amino acids was related to the nature of the hybrid protein itself because truncated RsaA peptides lacking their reporter domains were nontoxic. Further study of RsaA(delta C21) showed that this and presumably other truncated RsaA derivatives were neither secreted nor prone to intracellular accumulation. Although C. crescentus tolerated the expression of rsaA(315):delta cenA and rsaA(315):phoA, the encoded hybrid proteins were not exported in significant quantities from the cytoplasm. These results extend and confirm earlier work that large portions of the S-layer protein N-terminus cannot mediate export of passenger proteins from the cytoplasm and that the entire native S-layer protein may be required to properly interact with the RsaA secretion machinery.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>Leukocidin: A New Virulence Factor in Cutaneous Infections? (1992)

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a Staphylococcus aureus (SA) exotoxin, which kills human granulocytes and monocytes in vitro. Among 43 SA strains from cutaneous infections, 12 were PVL producers, whereas among 49 blood culture strains, only 1 produced PVL. Most PVL-producing strains (11/22) came from 22 primitive cutaneous infections, especially furuncles and abscesses, while only 1 PVL-producing strain came from 21 secondary infections of dermatoses such as bullous or pruritic diseases. Intradermal injections of PVL in rabbits induced edema, erythema and necrosis; histopathological changes at the injection sites consisted mainly in leukocytoclasis and vascular necrosis. All changes were dose dependent, and previous immunization of rabbits partially neutralized PVL-induced effects. Production of PVL in vivo after injections of bacteria seems to be low, and the histopathological lesions induced in the rabbit skin do not appear to be specifically related to PVL activity. However, PVL is a good candidate as a new virulence factor in cutaneous SA infections.
Spiking, Bursting, and Population Dynamics in a Network of Growth Transform Neurons (2017)

This paper investigates the dynamical properties of a network of neurons, each of which implements an asynchronous mapping based on polynomial growth transforms. In the first part of this paper, we present a geometric approach for visualizing the dynamics of the network where each of the neurons traverses a trajectory in a dual optimization space, whereas the network itself traverses a trajectory in an equivalent primal optimization space. We show that as the network learns to solve basic classification tasks, different choices of primal-dual mapping produce unique but interpretable neural dynamics like noise shaping, spiking, and bursting. While the proposed framework is general enough, in this paper, we demonstrate its use for designing support vector machines (SVMs) that exhibit noise-shaping properties similar to those of modulators, and for designing SVMs that learn to encode information using spikes and bursts. It is demonstrated that the emergent switching, spiking, and burst dynamics produced by each neuron encodes its respective margin of separation from a classification hyperplane whose parameters are encoded by the network population dynamics. We believe that the proposed growth transform neuron model and the underlying geometric framework could serve as an important tool to connect well-established machine learning algorithms like SVMs to neuromorphic principles like spiking, bursting, population encoding, and noise shaping.
Knockout mice reveal a contribution of the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C to neural precursor proliferation and migration (2001)

The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C is widely expressed in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) during development and repair. Despite multiple effects of tenascin-C on cell behaviour in culture, no structural abnormalities of the CNS and other organs have been found in adult tenascin-C-null mice, raising the question of whether this glycoprotein has a significant role in vivo. Using a transgenic approach, we have demonstrated that tenascin-C regulates both cell proliferation and migration in oligodendrocyte precursors during development. Knockout mice show increased rates of oligodendrocyte precursor migration along the optic nerve and reduced rates of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in different regions of the CNS. Levels of programmed cell death were reduced in areas of myelination at later developmental stages, providing a potential corrective mechanism for any reduction in cell numbers that resulted from the proliferation phenotype. The effects on cell proliferation are mediated via the alphavbeta3 integrin and an interaction with the platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated mitogenic pathway, emphasising the importance of both CNS extracellular matrix and integrin growth factor interactions in the regulation of neural precursor behaviour.
Deep Anomaly Detection Using Geometric Transformations (2018)

We consider the problem of anomaly detection in images, and present a new detection technique. Given a sample of images, all known to belong to a ``normal'' class (e.g., dogs), we show how to train a deep neural model that can detect out-of-distribution images (i.e., non-dog objects). The main idea behind our scheme is to train a multi-class model to discriminate between dozens of geometric transformations applied on all the given images. The auxiliary expertise learned by the model generates feature detectors that effectively identify, at test time, anomalous images based on the softmax activation statistics of the model when applied on transformed images. We present extensive experiments using the proposed detector, which indicate that our algorithm improves state-of-the-art methods by a wide margin.
Role of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates in Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression and in the Response of Human Smooth Muscle Cells to Viral Infection (1996)

Because cytomegalovirus (CMV) may contribute to restenosis and atherosclerosis and because smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are involved in these disease processes, we examined CMV-SMC interactions. Using confocal microscopy to identify a redox-sensitive fluorescent marker, we found that CMV infection of SMCs generates intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). CMV also activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B), a cellular transcription factor, as demonstrated by increased NF kappa B binding to DNA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay). Antioxidants inhibited activation, suggesting a role of ROIs in CMV-induced NF kappa B activation. By using antioxidants to assess the role of ROIs in modulating virally mediated effects, we also found that CMV-induced ROIs (1) are critical to the transactivation of the viral major immediate promoter (MIEP) by its immediate-early protein IE72 (determined by cotransfection of an IE72 expression vector and a reporter gene downstream from the MIEP) and (2) are necessary for IE72 expression (determined by immunocytochemistry) and viral replication (determined by viral titer assay on indicator cells) following CMV infection of SMCs. Because ROIs, through activation of NF kappa B, can also induce expression of cellular genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, the ROI response to CMV infection may also represent a parallel survival mechanism that has evolved in the host cell to protect against viral infection. We conclude that CMV induces intracellular ROI generation within minutes after infection of SMCs and then uses these ROIs to facilitate its own gene expression and replication. Conversely, antioxidants inhibit CMV immediate-early gene expression and viral replication.
Vulcanization of Latex (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVulcanization of LatexC. E. BradleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 12, 1485–1488Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50360a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50360a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fibers and 3D Mesh Scaffolds from Biodegradable Starch‐Based Blends: Production and Characterization (2004)

The aim of this work is the production of fibers from biodegradable polymers to obtain 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering of hard tissues. The scaffolds required for this highly demanding application need to have, as well as the biological and mechanical characteristics, a high degree of porosity with suitable dimensions for cell seeding and proliferation. Furthermore, the open cell porosity should have adequate interconnectivity for a continuous flow of nutrients and outflow of cell metabolic residues as well as to allow cell growth into confluent layers. Blends of corn starch, a natural biodegradable polymer, with other synthetic polymers (poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol), poly(epsilon-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid)) were selected for this work because of their good balance of properties, namely biocompatibility, processability and mechanical properties. Melt spinning was used to produce fibers from all the blends and 3D meshes from one of the starch-poly(lactic acid) blends. The experimental characterization included the evaluation of the tensile mechanical properties and thermal properties of the fibers and the compression stiffness, porosity and degradation behavior of the 3D meshes. Light microscopy picture of 3D meshes.
PHIDEO: a silicon compiler for high speed algorithms (1991)

PHIDEO is a silicon compiler targeted at the design of high performance real time systems with high sampling frequencies such as HDTV. It supports the complete design trajectory starting from a high level specification all the way down to layout. New techniques are used to perform global optimisations across loop boundaries in hierarchical flow graphs. The compiler is based on a new target architectural model. Apart from the datapaths special attention is paid to memory optimisation. The new techniques are demonstrated using a progressive scan conversion algorithm. >
Microarray-Based Gene Expression Studies in Ovarian Cancer (2011)

Gene expression profiling has demonstrated its utility in ovarian cancer research. It is hoped that with technologic, statistical, and bioinformatic advances, the reliability and reproducibility of this technique will increase, spawning clinical applications that may enhance our understanding of the disease and our ability to care for patients in the future.
"It's a small world after all": NoC performance optimization via long-range link insertion (2006)

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) represent a promising solution to complex on-chip communication problems. The NoC communication architectures considered so far are based on either completely regular or fully customized topologies. In this paper, we present a methodology to automatically synthesize an architecture which is neither regular nor fully customized. Instead, the communication architecture we propose is a superposition of a few long-range links and a standard mesh network. The few application-specific long-range links we insert significantly increase the critical traffic workload at which the network transitions from a free to a congested state. This way, we can exploit the benefits offered by both complete regularity and partial topology customization. Indeed, our experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in the average packet latency and a major improvement in the achievable network through with minimal impact on network topology
Equalization techniques for high data rates (2017)

Signaling specification at multi gigabit-per-second clock rate have to be met independently of loss characteristics of the dielectric or conductive material, length or topology of interconnect. The lossy line should be equalized by different filter schemes to achieve the best performance of the route and to obtain a proper opening of the eye diagram. This paper emphasis the performance of an equalization filter variant considering the interconnect as a transmission line starting with synthesis of the filter and up to the fabrication of the test board. Applying on both electric and optics signaling, equalization is needed to avoid amplitude and phase distortion of the received pulse.
Interactive panorama video distribution system (2011)

When we appreciate sports or music event at the stadium or the concert hall, we can feel atmosphere of the event site and get impressed by the live performance. We have studied visual and sound delivery system to convey the reality as if you enjoyed the event from the premium seat. We propose the interactive panorama video system which consists of panorama video synthesis, panorama video coding and streaming to offer highly sensational user experience through the network, by user's interactive controlling of viewpoint and high-quality visual and sound information.
Elevated–temperature mechanical properties and cyclic oxidation resistance of several vvrought ferritic stainless steels (1978)

The 1073 and 1273 K tensile stress-rupture, creep properties, and residual room-temperature tensile properties after creep testing, and cyclic oxidation resistance at 1420 K of four thin sheet ferritic stainless steels have been determined. The alloys evaluated included GE 1541 (nominally Fe–15Cr–4Al–1Y), Armco 18 SR (nominally Fe–18Cr–2Al–1Si), and two tantalum modifications of Armco 18 SR containing, nominally, 1·25% tantalum (NASA-18T) or 0·45% tantalum (NASA–18T–A). All four alloys exhibited excellent cyclic oxidation resistance. While some differences exist between the 1273 K tensile and stress-rupture strengths of the various alloys, the 1273 K creep strength of the alloys at slow plastic strain rates (<10−6S−1) are nearly identical. At 1073 K the tensile, stress-rupture, and creep properties of the tantalum-modified alloys are better than those of either Arrllco 18 SR or GE 1541. It appears that in terms of useful creep strength and oxidation resistance, the properties of both tantalum-modified alloys are identical and are equal to or better than the best existing wrought ferritic stainless steel.
Antibodies to x-irradiated rabbit testes. (1966)

The immunological characteristics of antigens extracted from X-irradiated rabbit testes were studied. Antigen from tissue obtained 10 or 42 days after 2000 r was immunologically less active than antigen extracted from 2-day post-2000 r or from non-irradiated tests. Irradiated testis antigen was not of greater sensitivity in detecting natural antibodies of whole body or testis-irradiated animals than antigen obtained from non-irradiated tissue. Thus, no evidence was obtained to indicate that radiation-altered tissue acquired new antigenic determinants which were immunologically foreign to its host. In addition, relative immunological unresponsiveness of the rabbit to its own tissue did not seem to be broken by irradiation. Therefore, irradiation did not induce autoantibody formation either by altering tissue antigens or by breaking down the unresponsiveness of the antibody-forming system.
Solubility of Blowing Agents HCFC 142b, HFC 134a, HFC 125 and Isopropanol in Polystyrene (1998)

The vapor-liquid equilibria of HCFC 142b, HFC 134a, HFC 125 and isopropanol in polystyrene were determined in a closed high pressure vessel at temperatures up to 220°C. Complete solubility maps are presented for each blowing agent, including conditions for phase separation in the polystyrene phase. In order of decreasing solubility, the blowing agents rank isopropanol > HCFC 142b > HFC 134a > HFC 125. In the cases of isopropanol and HFC 134a, some solubility results obtained by the vapor pressure method and those using a high-pressure electrobalance are compared.
Evaluation of a Mobile Projector-Based Indoor Navigation Interface (2013)

In recent years, the interest and potential applications of pedestrian indoor navigation solutions have significantly increased. Whereas the majority of mobile indoor navigation aid solutions visualize navigational information on mobile screens, the present study investigates the effectiveness of a mobile projector-based navigation aid that directly projects navigational information into the environment. A benchmark evaluation of the mobile projector-based indoor navigation interface was carried out, investigating a combination of different navigation devices (mobile projector vs. mobile screen) and navigation information (map vs. arrow) as well as the impact of users' spatial abilities. Results showed the superiority of the mobile screen as a navigation aid and the map as a navigation information type. Especially users with low spatial abilities benefited from this combination in their navigation performance and acceptance. Potential application scenarios and design implications for novel indoor navigation interfaces are derived from our findings.
Repair of oxidized purines and damaged pyrimidines by <i>E. coli</i> Fpg protein: Different roles of proline 2 and lysine 57 residues (2002)

The Escherichia coli Fpg protein is involved in the repair of oxidized purines, including the highly mutagenic 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). The Fpg protein also excises various oxidized pyrimidines with high efficiency. We examined, by targeted mutagenesis, the role of two highly conserved amino acid residues, proline 2 (P2) and lysine 57 (K57), on the catalytic activities of the Fpg protein toward a ring-fragmentation product of thymine (alpha RT) and 5,6-dihydrothymine (dHT). The following E. coli mutant Fpg proteins were investigated: lysine 57 --> glycine (FpgK57G), proline 2 --> glycine (FpgP2G), and proline 2 --> glutamic acid (FpgP2E). The FpgK57G protein had barely detectable alpha RT and dHT-DNA glycosylase activities and produced minute amounts of a Schiff-base complex upon reaction with alpha RT containing DNA. In contrast, the activity of an FpgP2G mutant toward alpha RT was comparable to the wild type activity and produced a Schiff-base complex with this substrate. FpgP2E was completely inactive in all the assays, in contrast, to the other mutants. The crystal structure of a homologous Fpg protein from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, reveals that it is composed of two distinct domains connected by a flexible hinge (Sugahara et al. [2000]: EMBO J 19:3857-3869). The N-terminal proline, one primary residue for enzymatic catalysis, is positioned at the bottom of a cleft in close proximity to lysine 52 (analogous to K57 of the E. coli Fpg). Based on the biochemical assays, together with the crystal structure of T. thermophilus HB8 Fpg protein, we propose a two-nucleophile model for the enzymatic catalysis.