gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Let's Go Downtown! Let's Go Indoors!: Pedestrian Navigation in Obstructed Environments (2007)

In this article the authors describe measures to augment Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) or Global Positioning Systems (GPS) as applied to pedestrian travel in urban settings. Such navigation is difficult as urban areas often have steep canyons and tunnels that can compromise data from satellites. The described system, known as the Sensor-Augmented EGNOS/Galileo Receiver for Handheld Applications in Urban and Indoor Environments (SARHA), is targeted for use by firefighters, rescue services, solitary workers, and police officers. A number of aspects of the system are described, including system architecture, software, and the system's step detection algorithm. Three types of step detection are discussed: autocorrelation, peak detection, and zero crossing. Other aspects of the SARHA system outlined in this article include its method of velocity determination, radar detection, transponder system, and its use of a barometric altimeter for 3D positioning.
Digital Libraries and Society (2011)

Digital libraries are large, organized collections of information objects. Well-designed digital library software has the potential to enable non-specialist people to conceive, assemble, build, and disseminate new information collections. This has great social import because, by democratizing information dissemination, it provides a counterbalance to disturbing commercialization initiatives in the information and entertainment industries. This chapter reviews trends in today’s information environment, introduces digital library technology and explores the use of digital libraries for disseminating humanitarian information in developing countries, a context that is both innovative and socially motivated. We demonstrate how currently available technology empowers users to build and publish information collections. Conventional public libraries are founded on the principle of open access, and extending this to digital libraries presents a challenge to human-computer interaction—a challenge that is magnified if open access is extended to those who create library collections too.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Toward the Development of an Algebraic Turbulent Heat Flux Model with the Aid of LES Data. (1998)

In order to derive a possible direction for improvements of an algebraic heat flux model, a priori explorations were attempted by processing the LES data presently performed under various flow and heat transfer conditions including shear-free boundaries. The present calibration has elucidated that the turbulent heat flux vectors obtainable from the simple GGDH hardly align with the simulation results in wall-shear flows with a wall normal temperature gradient of fluids at Pr≥0.71. However, the GGDH returns a quite reasonable approximation for heat flux vectors in shear-free flow regions and/or lower Pr fluid cases. In the former flow cases, it has been found that a further introduction of a tensor expression, consisting of quadratic products of the Reynolds stress tensor, into the gradient diffusion model may improve the predictive performance.
Effect of Dimethylamine on the Chemical Vapor Deposition of TiN from Tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium and Ammonia (1997)

The effect of on the chemical vapor deposition of TiN from tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium and was examined The growth rates were enhanced almost sevenfold with the addition of . However, , did not have a significant effect on the resistivity composition, or conformality of the films under the conditions studied. The most likely explanation for the higher growth rates is suppression of reactor wall loss reactions and enhancement of precursor transport to the substrate.
A case study using gap analysis to assess distance learning versus traditional course delivery (2003)

In this pilot study, the authors analyzed student‐faculty course evaluations at their university using gap analysis as derived from the SERVQUAL (service quality) model. Utilizing matched sections of an undergraduate management course, data were collected from students at the beginning of a semester in a traditional course setting and in a distance learning course. At the end of the semester, data were again collected from these same students. The purpose was to assess the differences between student expectations going into these courses at the beginning of the term and their final perceptions of these courses at the conclusion of the semester. The authors found that “gaps” do exist on various dimensions between expectations and perceptions in both distance learning and traditional course delivery. An ongoing longitudinal study, using the pilot study methodology, will provide conclusive findings.
Study of Porous SiOCH Patterning Using Metallic Hard Mask: Challenges and Solutions (2011)

The choice of copper/low-k interconnect architectures is instrumental in achieving high device performances. Today, the implementation of porous low-k materials becomes mandatory in order to compensate metal resistance increase upon RC product. However, their introduction, which was initially planned for the 65nm technological node, was delayed to 45nm node due to integration issues. Using an integration strategy which combines porous SiOCH materials and metal hard masks, the difficulties and possible solutions are presented in this paper with emphasis on plasma etching.
Hydration lubrication (2013)

Abstract The hydration lubrication paradigm, whereby hydration layers are both strongly held by the charges they surround, and so can support large pressures without being squeezed out, and at the same time remain very rapidly relaxing and so have a fluid response to shear, provides a framework for understanding, controlling, and designing very efficient boundary lubrication systems in aqueous and biological media. This review discusses the properties of confined water, which—unlike organic solvents—retains its fluidity down to molecularly thin films. It then describes lubrication by hydrated ions trapped between charged surfaces, and by other hydrated boundary species including charged and zwitterionic polymer brushes, surfactant monolayers, liposomes, and biological macromolecules implicated in synovial joint lubrication. Finally, challenges and prospects for future development of this new boundary lubrication approach are considered.
Vulvadiagnostik (2004)

Obwohl die meisten Vulvaerkrankungen mit relativ einfachen klinischen Methoden diagnostizierbar sind, werden viele Läsionen aus mangelhafter Erfahrung oft übersehen oder falsch eingeschätzt, möglicherweise auch deshalb, weil sich in diesem Bereich die Kompetenzen von Gynäkologie und Dermatologie überschneiden.
Leakage fault detection in district metered areas of water distribution systems (2012)

Fault tolerance and security in drinking water distribution operations are important issues that have received increased attention in the last few years. In this work the problem of leakage detection is formulated within a systems engineering framework, and a solution methodology to detect leakages in a class of distribution systems is proposed. Specifically, the case where water utilities use standard flow sensors to monitor the water inflow in a District Metered Area (DMA) is considered. The goal is to design algorithms which analyze the discrete inflow signal and determine as early as possible whether a leakage has occurred in the system. The inflow signal is normalized to remove yearly seasonal effects, and a leakage fault detection algorithm is presented, which is based on learning the unknown, time-varying, weekly periodic DMA inflow dynamics using an adaptive approximation methodology for updating the coefficients of a Fourier series; for detection logic the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) algorithm is utilized. For reference and comparison, a second solution methodology based on night-flow analysis using the normalized inflow signal is presented. To illustrate the solution methodology, results are presented based on randomized simulated leakages and real hydraulic data measured at a DMA in Limassol, Cyprus.
Impedance Spectroscopy: a Method for Surveillance of Ischemia Tolerance of the Heart (1987)

phi (5 kHz) displays very similar characteristics during the ischemic period to those of the real part of the impedance at 200 Hz, Re (200 Hz). Re (200 Hz) increases, when--according to electron microscopic findings--an intracellular myocardial edema begins to develop. The changes of Re(200 Hz) are always smaller, however, than those of phi (5 kHz). This indicates that phi (5 kHz) increases in the course of ischemia not only as a consequence of confinement of the extracellular space by myocardial cellular edema but also because of changes of passive electrical characteristics of the myocardial cell membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamic subcarrier sharing algorithms for uplink OFDMA resource allocation (2007)

In this paper, the use of Multi-antenna based Dynamic Subcarrier Sharing (MDSS) algorithms for maximizing the total capacity of an uplink OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) system are investigated. By having multiple antennas at the base station (BS), we formulate a capacity optimization problem with the introduced group constraint (GPC). This optimization problem is under constraints on transmitted power of each user, bit error rate (BER), equal fairness and restricted subcarrier sharing GPC. We then propose two MDSS algorithms to solve this problem with relatively low computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms, as new methods to adaptively allocate resources to users, can enhance the system capacity and rate fairness among user.
A SIMULATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE ACTOR PARADIGM (1989)

ans b ior The main goal of this work is to produce a sophisticated object-oriented design tool for simulating real-time applications. The basis of this tool is Actor-based simulation, a powerful mechanism for modelling real world objects simply, quickly and intuitively. It combines features of event-based and clock-based simulation and allows designers to use both in a common framework. Actors can be used to represent everything from the most basic to the most complex components. Complex objects are constructed by modelling their subcomponents and interactions. The Actor paradigm provides a good model of concurrency and facilitates the development of comprehensive monitoring and debugging tools. RESUME L&apos;objectif de ce travail est la production d&apos;un outil de conception
The Lynching of an American Prophet (2001)

In 1839, Mormon refugees made their way from Missouri to Montrose, Iowa, across the Mississippi River from Nauvoo, Illinois, where they would eventually settle. The man who laid out the city of Montrose, David Wells Kilbourne, disliked Mormons because of a land dispute, and he shared his anti-Mormon opinions in the paper. One of his sympathizers, Thomas Dent, was an Anglican parson in England who'd seen members of his community join the strange new sect. Seeking information about the Mormons, Dent corresponded with Kilbourne. Here the author shares three of Kilbourne's letters to Dent. While the letters include both fact and rumor, they are valuable in showing how non-Mormons viewed the events surrounding the murder of Joseph Smith, Mormonism's founder.
A Syntax for Describing Media Feature Sets (1999)

A number of Internet application protocols have a need to provide content negotiation for the resources with which they interact A framework for such negotiation is described in A format for a vocabulary of individual media features and procedures for feature registration are presented in [3]. This document introduces and describes a syntax that can be used to define feature sets which are formed from combinations and relations involving individual media features. Such feature sets are used to describe the media feature handling capabilities of message senders, recipients and file formats.
General and Robust Error Estimation and Reconstruction for Monte Carlo Rendering (2015)

Abstract Adaptive filtering techniques have proven successful in handling non‐uniform noise in Monte‐Carlo rendering approaches. A recent trend is to choose an optimal filter per pixel from a selection of non spatially‐varying filters. Nonetheless, the best filter choice is difficult to predict in the absence of a reference rendering. Our approach relies on the observation that the reconstruction error is locally smooth for a given filter. Hence, we propose to construct a dense error prediction from a small set of sparse but robust estimates. The filter selection is then formulated as a non‐local optimization problem, which we solve via graph cuts, to avoid visual artifacts due to inconsistent filter choices. Our approach does not impose any restrictions on the used filters, outperforms previous state‐of‐the‐art techniques and provides an extensible framework for future reconstruction techniques.
An On-Chip Disposable Salivary Glucose Sensor for Diabetes Control (2016)

We propose to measure fasting and pre- and 2-hour postprandial SG levels for self-management of glycemic levels. As a result, this article is not intended to replace the common BG tests. With preliminary results, we believe SG itself could be used as means for reliable diabetes monitoring and a potential fluid for prognosis of future disease.
Imino-1,2,4-dithiazoles. III. Thermal decomposition of 5-(dialkylamino)-3-(substituted imino)-1,2,4-dithiazoles (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImino-1,2,4-dithiazoles. III. Thermal decomposition of 5-(dialkylamino)-3-(substituted imino)-1,2,4-dithiazolesJames E. Oliver and Judith L. FlippenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 15, 2233–2235Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00929a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00929a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retinal injury following intravitreal injection of a dexamethasone implant in a vitrectomized eye (2017)

Letter to the Editor
Engineering yeast metabolism for production of terpenoids for use as perfume ingredients, pharmaceuticals and biofuels (2017)

Terpenoids represent a large class of natural products with significant commercial applications. These chemicals are currently mainly obtained through extraction from plants and microbes or through chemical synthesis. However, these sources often face challenges of unsustainability and low productivity. In order to address these issues, Escherichia coli and yeast have been metabolic engineered to produce non-native terpenoids. With recent reports of engineering yeast metabolism to produce several terpenoids at high yields, it has become possible to establish commercial yeast production of terpenoids that find applications as perfume ingredients, pharmaceuticals and advanced biofuels. In this review, we describe the strategies to rewire the yeast pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. Recent advances will be discussed together with challenges and perspectives of yeast as a cell factory to produce different terpenoids.
Pro‐Inflammatory macrophages increase in skeletal muscle of high fat‐Fed mice and correlate with metabolic risk markers in humans (2013)

Mouse and human skeletal muscles gain a distinct population of inflammatory macrophages upon HFD or obesity, linked to insulin resistance in humans and CCL2 availability in mice.
节能建筑调查：加拿大One Executive Place大厦 (2007)

位于西部富裕的阿尔伯塔省境内的大城市卡尔加里，人口100万．是加拿大高速发展的石油天然气工业中心。由于地方经济的繁荣发展．广泛吸引了许多国内外知名企业纷纷将总部迁移到卡尔加里市。因此，近年来出现了对新写字楼需求的急剧增加，新楼盘的规模建设也随之增加。
Coupling Effects of Dual SiGe Power Amplifiers for 802.11n MIMO Applications (2006)

The large-signal and small-signal coupling effects of dual SiGe power amplifiers (PAs) on a single chip for 802.11n multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications are demonstrated for the first time. Deep trench isolation and grounded guard ring are used for crosstalk isolation at both transistor and circuit levels. The equivalent small-signal coupling at 2.45 GHz between two PAs is -30 dB. The PA delivers 18.1 dBm and 16.6 dBm with 3% EVM (OFDM, 64-QAM) in single and dual PA operation modes, respectively. The EVM degradation becomes severe as the relative interfering power level increases.
Mononuclear Phagocyte Accumulation in Visceral Tissue in HIV Encephalitis: Evidence for Increased Monocyte/Macrophage Trafficking and Altered Differentiation (2014)

The invasion of circulating monocytes/macrophages (MΦ)s from the peripheral blood into the central nervous system (CNS) appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV dementia (HIV-D), the most severe form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), often confirmed histologically as HIV encephalitis (HIVE). In order to determine if trafficking of monocytes/MΦs is exclusive to the CNS or if it also occurs in organs outside of the brain, we have focused our investigation on visceral tissues of patients with HIVE. Liver, lymph node, spleen, and kidney autopsy tissues from the same HIVE cases investigated in earlier studies were examined by immunohistochemistry for the presence of CD14, CD16, CD68, Ki-67, and HIV-1 p24 expression. Here, we report a statistically significant increase in accumulation of MΦs in kidney, spleen, and lymph node tissues in specimens from patients with HIVE. In liver, we did not observe a significant increase in parenchymal macrophage accumulation, although perivascular macrophage accumulation was consistently observed with nodular lesions in 4 of 5 HIVE cases. We also observed an absence of CD14 expression on splenic MΦs in HIVE cases, which may implicate the spleen as a potential source of increased plasma soluble CD14 in HIV infection. HIV-1 p24 expression was observed in liver, lymph node and spleen but not kidney. Interestingly, renal pathology suggestive of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (possibly due to chronic pyelonephritis), including tubulointerstitial scarring, chronic interstitial inflammation and focal global glomerulosclerosis, without evidence of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), was seen in four of eight HIVE cases. Focal segmental and global glomerulosclerosis with tubular dilatation and prominent interstitial inflammation, consistent with HIVAN, was observed in two of the eight cases. Abundant cells expressing monocyte/MΦ cell surface markers, CD14 and CD68, were also CD16+ and found surrounding dilated tubules and adjacent to areas of glomerulosclerosis. The finding of co-morbid HIVE and renal pathology characterized by prominent interstitial inflammation may suggest a common mechanism involving the invasion of activated monocytes/MΦs from circulation. Monocyte/MΦ invasion of visceral tissues may play an important role in the immune dysfunction as well as comorbidity in AIDS and may, therefore, provide a high value target for the design of therapeutic strategies.
Pt∕C–WO[sub 3] Electrocatalysts for Degradation Mitigation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2008)

Carbon-tungsten oxide and platinum/carbon-tungsten oxide catalysts were prepared by chemical methods. The loading in the catalyst was . catalysts produced less hydrogen peroxide than baseline and electrocatalysts produced less hydrogen peroxide formation than baseline . Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were prepared using and electrocatalysts and subjected to accelerated durability tests at and 30% relative humidity (RH) at open circuit with hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. The fluoride emission rate (in ) over was found to be reduced by at the anode and at the cathode condensate when replaced in the electrode. Fuel cell polarization data was obtained using and in the cathode at and 75, 50, and 25% RH, with air and oxygen as oxidants and hydrogen as fuel. For all the test conditions, the performance of MEAs with was found to be lower than that of MEAs with . Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments and polarization data analysis, the lower performance was attributed to lower catalytic activity, and higher ionic and transport resistances in the electrodes.
.BETA.-Methylnorleucine, an antimetabolite produced by Serraatia marcescens. (1981)

An amino acid was formed by alpha-aminobutyrate-resistant mutants of Serratia marcescens grown in a medium containing norvaline. This amino acid was identified as erythro-beta-methyl-L-norleucine [(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid] by instrumental analyses. beta-Methylnorleucine inhibited the growth of several bacteria in synthetic medium.
Layout and logic techniques for yield and reliability enhancement (1998)

Several yield and reliability enhancement techniques have been proposed for the compaction, routing and technology mapping stages of VLSI design. For yield, we modify the existing layouts to reduce the sensitivity of the design to random point defects, which are the main yield detractors in today's IC technology. For reliability, we deal with several important failure mechanisms including electromigration, antenna effect, crosstalk noise and hot-carrier effect. At the layout compaction stage, new techniques for yield enhancement are presented and the yield improvement results on some industrial examples are shown. These new techniques take 2D connections into consideration when performing 1D compaction and they consider the problem of data volume control when dealing with hierarchical design. For this stage of the VLSI layout design, we also propose a minimum layout perturbation compaction algorithm for electromigration reliability enhancement. This algorithm can increase the width of the wires which have electromigration reliability problems and resolve the design rule violations introduced by the wire widening process with minimum changes to the layout so that the previously achieved layout optimization goals such as area, performance and yield can be preserved as much as possible. At the routing stage, a layer reassignment algorithm is presented for yield enhancement for 2-layer channel routing. This layer reassignment approach is then extended to antenna effect minimization during the 3-layer routing process. We also develope an algorithm which combines layer reassignment, track reassignment and dogleg insertion to reduce the crosstalk noise in routing. For the technology mapping stage, a logic level hot-carrier effect model is presented. Based on this model a mapping algorithm which targets hot-carrier effect is proposed and it is shown that a design with the lowest power measure, which has long been regarded as the rough measure of reliability, is not always the best design for reliability. Experimental results have shown that by applying the proposed techniques it is possible to achieve significant yield and reliability improvement during the layout and logic levels of VLSI design.