gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a Stable Biocatalyst of Bovine Liver Catalase Using Immobilization and Postimmobilization Techniques (2003)

Bovine liver catalase was immobilized on different supports. The tetrameric nature of this enzyme was found to cause its rapid inactivation in diluted conditions due to subunit dissociation, a fact that may rule out its industrial use. Multi-subunit immobilization using highly activated glyoxyl agarose was not enough to involve all enzyme subunits. In fact, washing the derivative produced a strong decrease in the enzyme activity. Further cross-linking of previously immobilized enzyme with tailor-made dextran-aldehyde permitted the multimeric structure to be fully stabilized using either multisubunit preparations immobilized onto highly activated glyoxyl-agarose support or one subunit enzymes immobilized onto poorly activated glyoxyl-agarose. The highest stability of the final biocatalyst was observed using the multisubunit immobilized derivative cross-linked with dextran-aldehyde. The optimal derivative retained around 60% of the immobilized activity, did not release any enzyme subunits after boiling in the presence of SDS, and did not lose activity during washing, and its stability did not depend on the dilution. This derivative was used for 10 cycles in the destruction of 10 mM hydrogen peroxide without any decrease in the enzyme activity.
Multicast routing with end-to-end delay and delay variation constraints (1997)

We study the problem or constructing multicast trees to meet the quality of service requirements of real-time interactive applications operating in high-speed packet-switched environments. In particular, we assume that multicast communication depends on: (1) bounded delay along the paths from the source to each destination and (2) bounded variation among the delays along these paths. We first establish that the problem of determining such a constrained tree is NP-complete. We then present a heuristic that demonstrates good average case behavior in terms of the maximum interdestination delay variation. The heuristic achieves its best performance under conditions typical of multicast scenarios in high speed networks. We also show that it is possible to dynamically reorganize the initial tree in response to changes in the destination set, in a way that is minimally disruptive to the multicast session.
LDA Combination of Pitch and MFCC Features in Speaker Recognition (2006)

This paper assesses two popular speaker features pitch and cepstral coefficient (static and dynamic). We compare the performance of individual features and features combined via LDA. The identification process can be performed both in the temporal and cepstral domains. The temporal analysis determines which phonemes or utterances exhibit the highest degree of speaker specificity, while the cepstral analysis examines individual cepstra within these temporal divisions.
Mechanism of Cellular Uptake of Graphene Oxide Studied by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

The last few years have witnessed rapid development of biological and medical applications of graphene oxide (GO), such as drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. However, little is known about the cellular uptake mechanism and pathway of GO. In this work, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is employed to investigate the cellular internalization of GO loaded with Au nanoparticles (NPs) by Ca Ski cells. The presence of Au NPs on the surface of GO enables detection of enhanced intrinsic Raman signals of GO inside the cell. The SERS results reveal that GO is distributed inhomogeneously inside the cell. Furthermore, internalization of Au-GO into Ca Ski cells is mainly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and is an energy-dependent process.
Aspiration, Tenseness, and Syllabication in English (1971)

1. In The sound pattern of English (hereafter, SPE), Chomsky & Halle (1968: 190-1) include a short section on 'Final weak-stressed [o]'.1 They note that veto has a final [Sstress] and an aspirated t, while motto has an unstressed final o and 1 3 1 a flapped t. They account for the contrast veto [vlythOw] vs. motto [maDow] by setting up veto as /veto/ and motto as /moto/, and add a rule that supplies [Sstress] to final /o/. Final tertiary-stressed /a/ will be subject to vowel shift and will aspirate the t. The underlying form suggested for veto and the rule adding tertiary stress to final /o/ are questionable. First, the rule has very limited application, applying (so far as I am aware) only to veto, capo,2 Plato, and NATO.3 Second, there are medial aspirated vs. non-aspirated stops and affricates in a number of words other than the few that end in tertiary-stressed o. For example, with medial aspiration and tertiary stress are: (a) forte, rotdte, k6tone, vdcdte, locdte, protein, Hittite, vitde, sdtire, veto, cdp6, Birchite. Without aspiration and with unstressed final syllable are: (b) motto, Vito, vita, &cho, f6rty, hdppy, grouchy, chzrchy, fortis, Pluto, rotor, potdto. Except for the words ending in -o, it is not difficult to find the cause of medial aspiration in group (a). Clearly, all the words have an underlying tense vowel in the second syllable. It is also clear that all the words in group (b), including those ending in -o, have an underlying lax vowel in the second syllable. This suggests that veto, capo, Plato, and NATO have /o/ as the underlying vowel in the second syllable, and that SPE Rule 21 (p. 241), adding tertiary stress to final /o/, can be dispensed with. Thus, the words in group (a) apparently have the following underlying forms: /fort+ae/,4 /rat+et/, /ket+on/, /vek+et/, /lak+et/,5 /pro = ten/, /vet+i/, /hittit/, /ssettlr/,6 /veto/, /ksepo/, and
Integrating Principle-Centered Leadership into the Business Curriculum: Lessons from the LMU Experience (2013)

This article focuses on the challenge of designing and administering executive education programs that both educate students to be competitive in the job market and that also encourage personal growth and personal responsibility. We believe that graduate business education should not be limited to providing content knowledge, but should also include helping students mature and use better judgment. This article represents a “progress report ” on our efforts at LMU in Los Angeles to integrate principle-centered leadership into our Executive MBA (EMBA) curricula. This effort emphasizes self-awareness and self-reflection as well as skills and competencies. This article discusses the challenges inherent to the design, conduct, and assessment of this unique approach to executive education. In essence, our EMBA program focuses on changing core attitudes and values. We want our graduates to become more ethical and decent in the choices they make when they re-enter the workforce. “That which is worth doing is worth doing well. ” – Nicolas Poussin
HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING TiO<sub>2</sub>, MgO, AND Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>NANOPARTICLES (2012)

Abstract This study investigated the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using nanoparticle sorbents (TiO2, MgO, and Al2O3) with a range of experimental approaches. The maximum uptake values (sum of four metals) with multiple component solutions were 594.9, 114.6, and 49.4 mg g−1, for MgO, Al2O3, and TiO2, respectively. The sorption equilibrium isotherms were described using the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The best interpretation for experiment data was given by the Freundlich model for Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ in single- and multiple-component solutions. A first-order kinetic model adequately described the experimental data using MgO, Al2O3, and TiO2. SEM-EDX both before and after metal sorption and soil solution saturation indices (SI) in MgO nanoparticles indicated that the main sorption mechanism for heavy metals was attributable to adsorption and precipitation, whereas heavy metal sorption by TiO2 and Al2O3 adsorbents was due to adsorption. These nanoparticles may potentially be used as efficient sorbents for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. MgO nanoparticles were the most promising sorbents because of their high metal uptake. Keywords: Aqueous solutionsHeavy metalsNanoparticlesRemoval Notes a Data calculated from the XRD pattern according to the Scherrer equation. b Data from TEM analysis. *mg g−1 min−1. **(mg g−1)−1. a mg g−1.
Seeded swelling polymerized sea urchin-like core–shell typed polystyrene/polyaniline particles and their electric stimuli-response (2015)

Sea urchin-like polystyrene/polyaniline particles were synthesized by a seeded swelling polymerization. When dispersed in silicone oil to produce an electrorheological (ER) fluid, they exhibit typical ER behaviors with better dispersion stability.
The Mining Industry (2013)

The mining industry was a fundamental part of the economy of South Africa in the late nineteenth century, and control of the region's gold mines was a significant factor in the tension between Dutch and English settlers that led to the Second Boer War in 1899. In 1889 the Witwatersrand Chamber of Mines had been formed to promote the industry's development. Economic problems in the region led the Volksraad of the South African Republic to set up a Commission of Enquiry in 1897 to investigate high tariffs, labour and transport costs which were adversely affecting the mining industry. The 1897 report reissued here was not that of the commission itself, but contains much of the evidence and statistical material presented to it, in the hope that the mining industry would adopt its recommendations. As such, this detailed resource remains relevant to economic historians of South Africa and the British Empire.
Algorithmic Analysis of Chemical Dynamics of the Autoignition of NH3–H2O2/Air Mixtures (2019)

The dynamics of a homogeneous adiabatic autoignition of an ammonia/air mixture at constant volume was studied, using the algorithmic tools of Computational Singular Perturbation. Since ammonia combustion is characterized by both unrealistically long ignition delays and elevated NO x emissions, the time frame of action of the modes that are responsible for ignition was analyzed by calculating the developing time scales throughout the process and by studying their possible relation to NO x emissions. The reactions that support or oppose the explosive time scale were identified, along with the variables that are related the most to the dynamics that drive the system to an explosion. It is shown that reaction H 2 O 2 (+M) → OH + OH (+M) is the one contributing the most to the time scale that characterizes ignition and that its reactant H 2 O 2 is the species related the most to this time scale. These findings suggested that addition of H 2 O 2 in the initial mixture will influence strongly the evolution of the process. It was shown that ignition of pure ammonia advanced as a slow thermal explosion with very limited chemical runaway. The ignition delay could be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude through H 2 O 2 addition, which causes only a minor increase in NO x emissions.
<title>Evaluation of a human-vision-system-based image fidelity metric for image compression</title> (1999)

Conventional mean squared error based methods for objective image quality assessment are not well correlated with human evaluation. The design of better objective measures of quality has attracted a lot of attention and several image quality metrics based explicitly on the properties of the Human Visual System (HVS) have been proposed in recent years. However, only in a few cases has the performance of such metrics been demonstrated on real images. In accounting for visual masking, all of these metrics assume that the multiple channels mediating visual perception are independent of each other. Recent neuroscience findings and psychophysical experiments have established that there is interaction across the channels and that such interactions are important for visual masking. In this work, we propose the Picture Distortion Metric (PDM) which integrates these new visual masking properties, and we evaluate its performance for image coding applications. We evaluate the performance at medium to high range of quality to predict subjective scores on a 0 - 10 numerical scale, and on a wide range of quality for the 1 - 5 CCIR impairment scale.
Evidence for conductive Cl- pathway in the basolateral membrane of rabbit renal proximal tubule S3 segment. (1993)

The mechanism of Cl- exit was examined in the basolateral membrane of rabbit renal proximal tubule S3 segment with double-barreled, ion-selective microelectrodes. After the basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger was blocked by 2'-disulfonic acid, a bath K+ step from 5 to 20 mM induced 26.6 mV depolarization and 7.7 mM increase in intracellular Cl- activities ([Cl(-)]i). K+ channel blockers, Ba2+, and quinine strongly suppressed both the response in cell membrane potentials (Vb) and in (Cl-)i to the bath K+ step, while Cl- channel blockers, A9C (1 mM) and IAA-94 (0.3 mM) inhibited only the latter response by 49 and 74%, respectively. By contrast, an inhibitor of K(+)-Cl- cotransporter, H74, had no effect on the increase in (Cl-)i to the bath K+ step. Furosemide and the removal of bath Na+ were also ineffective, suggesting that (Cl-)i are sensitive to the cell potential changes. Bath Cl- removal in the presence of quinine induced a depolarization of more than 10 mV and a decrease in (Cl-)i, and IAA-94 inhibited these responses similarly in the bath K+ step experiments. These results indicate that a significant Cl- conductance exists in the basolateral membrane of this segment and functions as a Cl- exit mechanism.
Our English Page : Aratus-"Phenomena,"(1) (1926)

TU5 Ph2nom2nq(5) by C L Prince F R A S Lewes 182S) If and whenever your admiration has been exited when contemplating a grand circle ornamentinghe s ts y or if a1one sanding nearou poins out that con5ellation called thg
Optical lithography in the sub-50-nm regime (2004)

The use of immersion technology will extend the lifetime of 193nm and 157nm lithography by enabling numerical apertures (NA) much greater than 1.0. A definition of effective k<sub>1</sub> is derived to assist in comparison of various technologies with differing optical characteristics. The ultimate limits of NA are explored by analysis of polarization effects at the reticle and imaging effects at the wafer. The effect of <i>Hertzian</i> or micro-polarization due to the size of the reticle structures is examined through rigorous simulation. For the regime of interest, 20nm to 50nm imaging, it is found that dense features on the reticle will polarize the light into the TE component upwards of 15%. Below this regime, the light becomes polarized in the TM direction. Additionally, oblique incidence on the reticle, resulting from large system NAs and 4x reduction, will cause PSM phase errors. The use of polarization in the illuminator for imaging will result in substantial gains in exposure latitude and MEF when the NA~1.3 with 45nm lines at 193nm. The end-of-line pullback for 2-dimensional patterns is reduced by the use of TE polarization in the illuminator. The overall polarization effects increase with decreasing k<sub>1</sub>. The lower limit of optical lithography can be extended by using <i>source-mask </i>optimization and double exposure to go below the classical resolution limit, i.e., k<sub>1</sub><0.25.
Laser-synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes with time-resolved <i>in situ</i> diagnostics (2001)

Laser vaporization (LV) is a remarkably versatile technique for the catalytically-aided synthesis of nanomaterials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). SWNT show remarkable promise for future generations of electronics and structural materials, however their application and commercialization has been hampered by a lack of control over the synthesis process, and low production quantities. Time-resolved in situ spectroscopic investigations of the laser-vaporization SWNT-synthesis process are described which are yielding some of the first direct determinations of carbon nanotube growth mechanisms and rates necessary to evaluate strategies for controllable synthesis and large-scale production. Our measurements indicate that SWNT grow over extended annealing times during the LV process by the conversion of condensed phase nanoparticulate feedstock. These measurements were extended to grow carbon nanotubes by CO2-laser-annealing heat treatments of carbon and metal nanoparticle mixtures, offering an alternative synthesis approach to vapor-phase methods. These results present opportunities for scaled-up production of nanomaterials compatible with commercial high-power laser technology.
Sulfonylurea Induced β-Cell Apoptosis in Cultured Human Islets (2005)

Loss of beta-cell mass and function raises a concern regarding the application of sulfonylureas for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because previous studies have shown that agents that cause closure of inwardly rectifying K(+) sulfonylurea receptor subtype of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, such as tolbutamide and glibenclamide, induce apoptosis in beta-cell lines and rodent islets. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the new insulin secretagogues, repaglinide and nateglinide, and the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide, on beta-cell apoptosis in human islets. Human islets from six organ donors were cultured onto extracellular matrix-coated plates and exposed to glibenclamide, repaglinide, or nateglinide. The doses of the three compounds were chosen according to detected maximal effects, i.e. efficacy. Exposure of human islets for 4 h to 0.1 and 10 microm glibenclamide induced a 2.09- and 2.46-fold increase in beta-cell apoptosis, respectively, whereas repaglinide (0.01 and 1 microm) did not change the number of apoptotic beta-cells. At low concentration (10 microm), nateglinide did not induce beta-cell apoptosis. However, at high concentration of 1000 microm, it induced a 1.49-fold increase in the number of apoptotic beta-cells. Prolonged exposure for 4 d of the islets to the secretagogues induced beta-cell apoptosis. The increase was of 3.71- and 4.4-fold at 0.1 and 10 microm glibenclamide, 2.37- and 3.8-fold at 0.01 and 1 microm repaglinide, and of 3.2- and 4.6-fold at 10 and 1000 microm nateglinide, respectively. Glibenclamide at 0.1-10 nm (doses that were less efficient on insulin secretion) did not induce beta-cell apoptosis after 4 h incubation as well as 0.1 nm after 4 d incubation. However, 1 and 10 nm glibenclamide for 4 d induced a 2.24- and 2.53-fold increase in beta-cell apoptosis, respectively. Taken together, closure of the inwardly rectifying K(+) sulfonylurea receptor subtype of ATP-sensitive potassium channels induces beta-cell apoptosis in human islets and may precipitate the decrease in beta-cell mass observed in patients with type 2 diabetes.
SEM‐EPMA observation of three types of apatite‐containing glass‐ceramics implanted in bone: The variance of a Ca‐P‐rich layer (1987)

The progressive changes of a Ca-P-rich layer between bone and three types of apatite-containing glass-ceramics of the same chemical composition: MgO 4.6, CaO 44.9, SiO2 34.2, P2O5 16.3, CaF2 0.5 (in weight ratio) were examined. Plates (15 mm X 10 mm X 2 mm, mirror surface) containing apatite (35 wt%) (designated A-GC), apatite (35 wt%) and wollastonite (40 wt%) (designated A.W-GC), and apatite (20 wt%), wollastonite (55 wt%), and whitlockite (15 wt%) (designated A.W.CP-GC) were prepared. They were implanted into the tibia of mature male rabbits for 5 days, 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, 6 months, and 12 months. All three types of glass-ceramics showed direct bonding to the bone 30 days after implantation. It was observed by SEM-EPMA 30 days after implantation that Si and Mg content decreased, P content increased, and Ca content did not change across the reactive zone from the glass-ceramics to bone. The level of P and Si in the A.W.CP-GC changed five days after implantation. In A.W-GC and A-GC, a little change in P and Si levels was observed between 10 and 20 days after implantation. The width of reactive zone was narrowest with A-GC, wider with A.W-GC, and widest with A.W.CP-GC. The dissolution of glass-ceramics stopped 6 months after implantation. This phenomenon shows that the glass-ceramics may be suitable for clinical use.
A Facile Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy- and 4-Aminoindoles through Corresponding Indolines (1989)

Abstract 2-(2,6-Diaminophenyl)ethanol can be conducted to 4-hydroxyindoline under heating in aqueous 70% phosphoric acid, and to 4-aminoindoline under heating in aqueous 30% sulfuric acid. Both 4-hydroxy- and 4-aminoindoles were obtained by dehydrogenation of the indolines under refluxing in 1,4-dimethylbenzene over palladium on charcoal.
Low loss mode converter based on adiabaticallytaperedhollow optical fibre (2001)

A new mode converter based on tapered hollow optical fibre is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two segments of a singlemode fibre and a tapered hollow ring-core fibre were concatenated serially to convert a fundamental mode to a ring-shaped mode. The fabrication, far field pattern and insertion loss of the proposed mode converter were measured and discussed.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions of o-Quinone Methides (2015)

This review summarizes recent advances in catalytic asymmetric reactions of <i>o</i>-quinone methides, an important family of species for organic synthesis. In the past decade, various catalytic systems have been developed for these reactions. This review is organized by the type of catalyst employed. 1 Introduction 2 Transition-Metal Catalysis 3 Phase-Transfer Catalysis 4 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis 5 Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysis 6 Chiral Diol Catalysis 7 Bifunctional Chiral Brønsted Base Catalysis 8 Conclusion and Outlook
A New Class of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (1980)

Abstract: Newly synthesized compounds have been found to inhibit mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in mouse brain and rat liver. A series of 2‐acylamino‐3‐ tert ‐aminopropiophenones acted preferentially against MAO type B (2‐phenylethylamine as substrate), apparently irreversibly. 2‐Decanoylamino‐3‐morpholinopropiophenone acted similarly in vivo toward the cerebral MAO, producing a dose‐related inhibition. At high dose levels, MAO type A was also severely inhibited. The effects were produced rapidly and restoration of enzyme activity also appeared rapidly. The half‐life for MAO type A could be estimated from the rate of enzyme reappearance to be 13 h. It is suggested that the amino ketones undergo a β‐elimination reaction at the enzyme's active site, forming a reactive species (an α,β‐unsaturated ketone), which reacts covalently with a nucleophilic group of the enzyme by a Michael addition. Some other related compounds, derivatives of phenylpropane, also showed inhibitory activity against MAO, particularly against type A (serotonin as substrate). The morpholino compound might have promise as a quickly effective, short‐acting inhibitor of MAO type B.