gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles and potential therapeutic targets of the ubiquitin proteasome system in muscle wasting (2007)

Muscle wasting, characterized by the loss of protein mass in myofibers, is in most cases largely due to the activation of intracellular protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). During the last decade, mechanisms contributing to this activation have been unraveled and key mediators of this process identified. Even though much remains to be understood, the available information already suggests screens for new compounds inhibiting these mechanisms and highlights the potential for pharmaceutical drugs able to treat muscle wasting when it becomes deleterious. This review presents an overview of the main pathways contributing to UPS activation in muscle and describes the present state of efforts made to develop new strategies aimed at blocking or slowing muscle wasting. Publication history: Republished from Current BioData's Targeted Proteins database (TPdb; http://www.targetedproteinsdb.com).
Determination of Trace Amounts of Mercury in Fish Tissues: Results of a North American Check Sample Study (1971)

Abstract Three homogenized fish samples were distributed to 29 laboratories for analysis for mercury content. The majority (19) of the laboratories used acid digestion followed by atomic absorption analysis to measure the mercury content. Six laboratories used neutron activation; while 2 used dithizone methods and 2 used pyrolysis followed by flameless atomic absorption. Results from 4 laboratories were grossly aberrant or incomplete. Graphic analysis of the results on 2 samples showed that most laboratories tended to get either high or low results with both samples and that several had more consistent results with low fat samples than with high fat samples. Comparison of the combined results by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy with those obtained by the flame method (t-test) showed that the latter gave just significantly lower results but much poorer precision. Differences between the combined results by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy and those by neutron activation were probably insignificant.
Oral Administration of<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>299v Reduces Cortisol Levels in Human Saliva during Examination Induced Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial (2016)

<i>Objective</i>. To clarify the effect of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 299v on the salivary cortisol and salivary IgA levels in young adults under examination stress. <i>Design</i>. Forty-one students with an upcoming academic exam were included in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The probiotic bacteria or the placebo product was administered in capsules once a day during 14 days. Saliva was collected and a perceived stress test was filled out at each sampling occasion. Saliva was collected for cortisol analysis by Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLI) and salivary IgA was analysed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Abundance of lactobacilli was evaluated by cultivation of saliva on selective medium and identification of <i>L. plantarum</i> 299v was done on randomly selected colonies by a random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. <i>Results</i>. A significant difference in cortisol levels was found between the treatment group and the placebo group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), together with a significant increase in levels of lactobacilli in the treatment group compared with the placebo group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). No significant changes were found for salivary IgA. <i>Conclusion</i>. A probiotic bacterium with ability to reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) prohibited increased levels of the stress marker cortisol during the examination period. The registration number of the study is NCT02974894, and the study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.
Vitamin D Supplementation and Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)

Abstract Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails from their inception to 14 January 2020 were searched in this review. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which compared vitamin D supplementation versus placebo or no intervention and reported mortality as one of outcomes in older adults. Two review authors extracted data independently. Fifty-one articles were included in the analysis, which generated a total pooled sample of 89,977 people and 9813 deaths. These trials were pooled in a meta-analysis, and the outcomes were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence Intervals (CIs). Across all studies, vitamin D supplementation was not associated with all-cause mortality (RR 0.98, 95%CI 0.92 to 1.04, P=0.48, I2=14%; 89,977 participants; data from 51 trails). Vitamin D supplementation was significantly decreased cancer mortality ( RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.97, P= 0.02, I2=0%; 34364 participants; data from 6 trails). A subgroup analysis showed the associations between the length of vitamin D supplementation more than 3 years and all-cause mortality were statistically significance (RR 0.93, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.98, p = 0.01, I2=0%; 49336 participants; data from 17 trails). Subgroup analyses by vitamin D status, forms of vitamin D (vitamin D3, vitamin D2, alfacalcidol or calcitriol), dose showed no association with all-cause mortality. The evidence from pooled analysis of 51 RCTs undertaken in older adults shows vitamin D supplementation was not associated with all-cause mortality. More long-term trails are need to know weather vitamin D supplementation can decrease all-cause mortality in older adults.
Combining Bigen-Beamforming and Cyclic Delay Diversity for Correlated MISO Channels with Block-Iterative GDFE Receiver (2006)

In this paper, we consider the performance enhancement of signal detection for single carrier-cyclic prefix (SC-CP) transmissions over correlated multiple inputs single outputs (MISO) channels. The block-iterative generalized decision feedback equalizer (BI-GDFE) receiver is used to combat the effect of intersymbol interference (ISI). While BI-GDFE outperforms linear equalizers, the improvement could be limited if the channel does not contain a high degree of frequency-selectivity. On the other hand, direct application of cyclic delay diversity (CDD) to a highly correlated MISO channel generally cannot increase the frequency diversity significantly. In this paper, we propose combining eigen-beamforming and CDD for frequency diversity enhancement, with which the performance of the BI-GDFE is also greatly improved. Computer simulations show that the proposed system not only offers diversity improvement but also beamforming gain. It is also observed that the BER performance of the proposed system can approach its matched filter bound (MFB)
Intramolecular radical additions to pyridines (2003)

Intramolecular 6-exolendo-trig and 5-exo-trig cyclisations of aryl radical intermediates to the alpha-, beta- and gamma-carbons of pyridine have been shown to be facile processes at neutral pH. The tether conjoining the radical donor to the pyridine plays an important role in determining the outcome of the reaction. When a Z-alkene is used as a tether, ortho-cyclisation proceeds in good yield. A more complex course is followed when a saturated two carbon tether is employed, leading to products derived from hydrogen atom abstraction, ipso-cyclisation and ortho-cyclisation pathways. All attempts to effect 5-exolendo-trig cyclisations failed. Tributyltin hydride, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, tris(trimethylsilyl)germane and, in part, samarium(II) iodide can each be employed as mediators of the reaction.
Continuous professional development (1996)

Continuous professional development (CPD) is increasingly being recognised as an important part of working life. It is a concept that acknowledges the danger of getting stuck in a rut and failing to learn and develop. CPD is an essential element of modern management, based on principles of human resource management (Beardwell and Holden, 1994) which sees the staff of an organisation as its most important resource. This is closely linked to the Investors in People initiative in which employing organisations can receive accreditation for their commitment to staff development. The use of personal portfolios to chart personal and professional development is also becoming more popular. Increasingly, then, the value of CPD is being appreciated, although there sadly remain very many organisations who have yet to make a commitment to staff development. They remain oblivious to the problems that such an unenlightened approach can cause.
Sol‐Gel‐Derived TiO2 Film Semiconductor Electrode for Photocleavage of Water: Preparation and Effects of Postheating Treatment on the Photoelectrochemical Behavior (1991)

The effects of postheating on the photoelectrochemical behavior of film electrodes prepared by the sol‐gel method have been investigated over a heating temperature range of 600–900°C. in the sol‐gel‐derived films were anatase on heating below 800°C and transformed into rutile. It was found that the photocurrent shows a maximum at a certain heating time for each of the heating temperatures at 900°C. At the same time, other properties such as the flatband potential shift and donor density also showed a maximum at the corresponding heating time. These results are explained as follows. An increase in the photocurrent of the as‐prepared film electrode with increasing heating time results from the improvement of crystallinity and the increasing Ti3+ concentration due to the reduction of Ti4+ by the undecomposed organic residue. Further heating, however, causes a decrease in the specific surface area and Ti3+ concentration due to the reoxidation of Ti3+ to Ti4+, resulting in the reduction of the photocurrent. (anatase) has only an indirect bandgap at 3.03 eV, while (rutile) has an indirect bandgap at 2.92 eV and a direct bandgap at 3.13 eV.
Molecular Dissection of Angiotensin II–Activated Human LOX-1 Promoter (2006)

This study strongly suggests that Ang II, by activating NF-kappaB, induces LOX-1 promoter activation.
A Means for Achieving a High Degree of Compaction on Scan-Digitized Printed Text (1974)

A method of video compaction based on transmitting only the first instance of each class of digitized patterns is shown to yield a compaction ratio of 16: 1 on a short passage of text from the IEEE SPECTRUM. Refinements to extend the bandwidth reduction to 40: 1 by relatively simple means are proposed but not demonstrated.
Sickle Cell Anemia and Antisickling Agents Then and Now (2001)

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder arising from a point mutation in the beta-globin gene that leads to the replacement of glutamic acid residue by valine at the sixth position of the beta--chain of hemoglobin. At low oxygen tension, the mutant hemoglobin, sickle hemoglobin, polymerizes inside the red blood cells into a gel or further into fibers leading to a drastic decrease in the red cell deformability. As a result, micro-vascular occlusion arises which may lead to serious, sometimes fatal, crises. The present article reviews the historical, genetic, molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects of the disease. A review for the development and design of drugs to treat sickle cell anemia is presented. Anti-sickling agents are classified, based on the target to be modified, into three classes: the gene, the sickle hemoglobin molecule, and the red cell membrane modifiers. In spite of the full understanding of the pathology, physiology, and the molecular nature of the disease, and the development of large number of antisickling agents, a cure for sickle cell anemia still is unavailable. Strategies to treat sickle cell anemia since the early times of the disease state discovery in 1910, has focussed mainly on prophylactic measures to alleviate the painful crises. The article addresses clinical approaches used then and now to treat the disease, and the rationale of their use. Currently in clinical practice, hydroxyurea is the most commonly used agent to treat the disease, and it has been recently approved by the united states Food and Drug Administration as a drug for that purpose.
A policy-based approach for user controlled lightpath provisioning (2004)

There is a growing need for e2e lightpaths for high volume data transferring applications such as GridFTP and SAN. They wish to dynamically deploy lightpaths over multiple management domains. Research, sponsored by Canarie Incorporated, is underway to enable "customer-empowered networks" and to experiment them with the Canadian research network CA*Net4. New signaling and control approaches using Web services have been proposed. One difficulty is that each domain must retain the control of their optical network infrastructure and ensure proper allocation of optical resources. Hence, it is important that the signaling takes into account the management constraints imposed by the different domains. This paper presents a policy-based approach for user-controlled lightpath provisioning. The work builds on the research around the new signaling approaches for realizing customer-empowered networks. We present an architecture based on Web Services allowing users or Grid applications to establish e2e lightpaths over multiple autonomous systems. To tackle the problem of admission control and to address the resource allocation issue, we developed policy restricted signaling which allows customers to reserve lightpaths over multiple domains while ensuring that management rules of each domain are enforced. The signaling has been implemented and the experiment on a small network composed of Cisco equipment proves the viability of our approach.
A Methodological Review of Piezoelectric Based Acoustic Wave Generation and Detection Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring (2013)

Piezoelectric transducers have a long history of applications in nondestructive evaluation of material and structure integrity owing to their ability of transforming mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. As condition based maintenance has emerged as a valuable approach to enhancing continued aircraft airworthiness while reducing the life cycle cost, its enabling structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies capable of providing on-demand diagnosis of the structure without interrupting the aircraft operation are attracting increasing R&D efforts. Piezoelectric transducers play an essential role in these endeavors. This paper is set forth to review a variety of ingenious ways in which piezoelectric transducers are used in today’s SHM technologies as a means of generation and/or detection of diagnostic acoustic waves.
Developments in the Banking Industry: Implications for the Future of Bank Lending to Small Businesses (2000)

This paper investigates the recent developments in the banking industry that are impacting small business lending. The first section describes the traditional lending relationship between banks and small businesses. An analysis of the application of credit-scoring to small businesses follows. The next section discusses potential uses of loan securitization. The final section examines the consolidation trend in the banking industry.
ALGORITHMS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE, WIDE-AREA DISTRIBUTED FILE DOWNLOADS (2003)

As peer-to-peer and wide-area storage systems become in vogue, the issue of delivering content that is cached, partitioned and replicated in the wide area, with high performance, becomes of great importance. This paper explores three algorithms for such downloads. The storage model is based on the Network Storage Stack, which allows for flexible sharing and utilization of writable storage as a network resource. The algorithms assume that data is replicated in various storage depots in the wide area, and the data must be delivered to the client either as a downloaded file or as a stream to be consumed by an application, such as a media player. The algorithms are threaded and adaptive, attempting to get good performance from nearby replicas, while still utilizing the faraway replicas. After defining the algorithms, we explore their performance downloading a 50 MB file replicated on six storage depots in the U.S., Europe and Asia, to two clients in different parts of the U.S. One algorithm, called progress-driven redundancy, exhibits excellent performance characteristics for both file and streaming downloads.
Can Clock Faults Be Detected Through Functional Test ? (2006)

We analyze the probability to detect clock faults indirectly through conventional functional testing by considering realistic datapaths derived from ISCAS'85 benchmarks. We show that, even optimistically assuming that we are able to test all short and long paths for min and max delay violations, the detection of clock faults can not be guaranteed, thus mandating new, specific testing approaches for clock faults, otherwise possibly compromising the system correct operation in the field, with dramatic consequences on product quality and defect level
Idiotope vaccine against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. A precursor study. (1987)

An analysis of nominal vs idiotope antigen-induced B cell precursors was performed in A/St mice. With the use of the splenic fragment culture system, the quantity and quality of B cell precursors responding to two anti-idiotope carrier antigens (4C11 hemocyanin and F6 hemocyanin) and nominal antigen (phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin) were compared. In addition, the effect of priming with anti-idiotope-carrier antigens on B cell precursors responding to phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin was determined. We found that one anti-idiotope-carrier antigen, 4C11-hemocyanin, and phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin stimulated similar subpopulations of primary B cells. However, the B cell population stimulated by F6-hemocyanin, the other anti-idiotype complex, was distinct. Furthermore, priming with certain idiotope antigens can direct the phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin response into the expression of idiotypes that may be the most effective in protective immunity. Our results provide essential information for the rational design of idiotype vaccines by clarifying the dynamic relationship of the B cell precursor repertoire with the in vivo antibody response in the response to nominal and idiotope antigens.
Central effects of GLP-1: new opportunities for treatments of neurodegenerative diseases (2013)

The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has many effects in the body. It is best known for the 'incretin effect', facilitating insulin release from the pancreas under hyperglycaemic conditions. Building on this, GLP-1 mimetics have been developed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. In the course of monitoring of patients, it has become apparent that GLP-1 mimetics have a range of other physiological effects in the body. In preclinical trials, a substantial body of evidence has been built that these mimetics have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. GLP-1 also has very similar growth-factor-like properties to insulin, which is presumably the underlying basis of the neuroprotective effects. In preclinical studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders, it has been shown that most GLP-1 mimetics cross the blood-brain barrier and show impressive neuroprotective effects in numerous studies. In animal models of AD, GLP-1 mimetics such as exendin-4, liraglutide and lixisenatide have shown protective effects in the CNS by reducing β-amyloid plaques, preventing loss of synapses and memory impairments, and reducing oxidative stress and the chronic inflammatory response in the brain. In animal models of PD, exendin-4 showed protection of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and prevention of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia while preserving motor control. These encouraging findings have spawned several clinical trials, some of which have shown encouraging initial results. Therefore, GLP-1 mimetics show great promise as a novel treatment for neurodegenerative conditions.
Accuracy of hippocampal network activity is disrupted by neuroinflammation: rescue by memantine (2009)

Understanding how the hippocampus processes episodic memory information during neuropathological conditions is important for treatment and prevention applications. Previous data have shown that during chronic neuroinflammation the expression of the plasticity related behaviourally-induced immediate early gene Arc is altered within the CA3 and the dentate gyrus; both of these hippocampal regions show a pronounced increase in activated microglia. Low doses of memantine, a low to moderate affinity open channel uncompetitive N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, reduce neuroinflammation, return Arc expression to control levels and attenuate cognitive deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide. Here we investigate whether neuroinflammation affects the accuracy of information processing in the CA3 and CA1 hippocampal regions and if this is modified by memantine treatment. Using the immediate early gene-based brain-imaging method called cellular analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization, it is possible to detect primary transcripts at the genomic alleles; this provides exceptional temporal and cellular resolution and facilitates the mapping of neuronal activity. Here, we use this method to compare the neuronal populations activated by two separate experiences in CA1 and CA3 and evaluate the accuracy of information processing during chronic neuroinflammation. Our results show that the CA3 pyramidal neuron activity is not stable between two exposures to the same environment context or two different contexts. CA1 networks, however, do not differ from control conditions. These data suggest that during chronic neuroinflammation, the CA3 networks show a disrupted ability to encode spatial information, and that CA1 neurons can work independently of CA3. Importantly, memantine treatment is able to partially normalize information processing in the hippocampus, suggesting that when given early during the development of the pathology memantine confers neuronal and cognitive protection while indirectly prevents pathological microglial activation.
Pharmacophore Assessment Through 3-D QSAR: Evaluation of the Predictive Ability on New Derivatives by the Application on a Series of Antitubercular Agents (2013)

Pharmacophoric mapping is a useful procedure to frame, especially when crystallographic receptor structures are unavailable as in ligand-based studies, the hypothetical site of interaction. In this study, 71 pyrrole derivatives active against M. tuberculosis were used to derive through a recent new 3-D QSAR protocol, 3-D QSAutogrid/R, several predictive 3-D QSAR models on compounds aligned by a previously reported pharmacophoric application. A final multiprobe (MP) 3-D QSAR model was then obtained configuring itself as a tool to derive pharmacophoric quantitative models. To stress the applicability of the described models, an external test set of unrelated and newly synthesized series of R-4-amino-3-isoxazolidinone derivatives found to be active at micromolar level against M. tuberculosis was used, and the predicted bioactivities were in good agreement with the experimental values. The 3-D QSAutogrid/R procedure proved to be able to correlate by a single multi-informative scenario the different activity molecular profiles thus confirming its usefulness in the rational drug design approach.