gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inorganic Glass Forming Systems as Intumescent Flame Retardants for Organic Polymers (1985)

This paper describes the development of several inorganic-based, non- halogenated, intumescent flame retardant additives for organic polymers. Low melting phosphate-sulfate glasses, borate/carbonate glass forming systems and ammonium pentaborate are discussed with respect to their role in converting otherwise flammable polymers into heat resistant, ablative materials. Ammonium pentaborate is shown to be particularly effective as an intumes cent, char-forming additive for thermoplastic polyurethanes. The pentaborate undergoes relatively low temperature thermal decomposition accompanied by in situ glass formation. When subjected to an open flame, the pentaborate/poly urethane composition generates an intumescent char. The resulting glassy foam approximates an ideal char structure in that it provides virtually instantaneous, thermal insulative protection to a substrate and is able to resist thermo- oxidative degradation due to the inorganic, glassy nature of the char.
Oxidative stress in the human brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage (1998)

The results of this study show an imbalance of the antioxidant enzymatic activities in the human brain after SAH. which is linked to the severity of the initial bleeding and possibly modified by the development of arterial vasospasm.
Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (2015)

Vascular anomalies represent a spectrum of disorders from a simple "birthmark" to life- threatening entities. Incorrect nomenclature and misdiagnoses are commonly experienced by patients with these anomalies. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate evaluation and management, often requiring multidisciplinary specialists. Classification schemes provide a consistent terminology and serve as a guide for pathologists, clinicians, and researchers. One of the goals of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) is to achieve a uniform classification. The last classification (1997) stratified vascular lesions into vascular malformations and proliferative vascular lesions (tumors). However, additional disease entities have since been identified that are complex and less easily classified by generic headings, such as capillary malformation, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, etc. We hereby present the updated official ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies. The general biological scheme of the classification is retained. The section on tumors has been expanded and lists the main recognized vascular tumors, classified as benign, locally aggressive or borderline, and malignant. A list of well-defined diseases is included under each generic heading in the "Simple Vascular Malformations" section. A short definition is added for eponyms. Two new sections were created: one dealing with the malformations of individually named vessels (previously referred to as "truncular" malformations); the second groups lesions of uncertain or debated nature (tumor versus malformation). The known genetic defects underlying vascular anomalies are included in an appendix. This classification is meant to be a framework, acknowledging that it will require modification as new scientific information becomes available.
Photovoltaic GaAs quantum well infrared detectors at 4.2 μm using indirect Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i> barriers (1991)

We have demonstrated the first bound to continuum state GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum well infrared detector which has a peak response λp=4.2 μm in the center of the midwavelength (λ=3–5 μm) infrared band. Although the detector uses indirect AlxGa1−xAs barriers, excellent hot-electron transport and a high detectivity D*λ=1012 cm√Hz/W were achieved.
Chemically Induced Crowngalls (1917)

This conception of dominance of linked factors to account for the facts as so far known does not preclude the possibility of a physiological effect resulting from hybridization apart from hereditary factors if such an effect can be demonstrated.It simply coordinates the existing knowl- edge of heredity to give a comprehensible view of the way in which heterosis may be brought about.
Plasma processes for thin film surface treatment (2002)

Oxygen plasma treatment of polyimide and metal interfaces is used to remove undesirable organic contamination and improve adhesion of thin films. The authors present the results of some of the experimental and modeling efforts directed toward understanding the basic physics and chemistry of the plasma systems used in thin-film processing. Measured ion densities are correlated with the observed effects on polyimide etch rates as well as with debris removal and polyimide cracking upon exposure to various plasma systems. Comparisons of predicted oxygen atom flux with the measured carbon atom turn-over number indicated that the main etching species are the O/sup 3/P atoms. However, activation of the polyimide surface by ion bombardment is an essential first step and is the rate-determining process. The polyimide crack threshold is observed to decrease with increasing ion density (decreasing pressure). Plasma-treatment-induced changes of polyimide and metal surfaces have been delineated by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and Auger spectroscopy and by water contact angle measurements. Surface modification of the polyimide to increase oxygen content resulted in improved wetting and adhesion. The oxidation state of chrome is a strong function of pressure. Plasma processes at 100 mtorr resulted in the formation of a stable Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ oxide layer, while a mixture of Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and CrO/sub 3/ is formed at higher pressures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
microRNA Control of Mouse and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Behavior (2013)

In the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding both microRNA function and cellular pluripotency. Here we review the intersection of these two exciting fields. While microRNAs are not required for the establishment and maintenance of pluripotency in early development and cell culture, respectively, they are critically important in the regulation of the cell cycle structure of pluripotent stem cells as well as the silencing of the pluripotency program upon differentiation. Pluripotent cells, both in vivo and in vitro, dominantly express a single family of microRNAs, which can promote the reprogramming of a somatic cell back to a pluripotent state. Here, we review the known mechanisms by which these and other microRNAs regulate the different aspects of the pluripotent stem cell program in both mouse and human.
An Autonomous Agent Navigating with a Polarized Light Compass (1997)

One of the fundamental abilities required in autonomous agents is homing. Natural agents—for instance, desert ants—solve the homing problem mainly by using path integration within an egocentric frame of reference. When employing such a mechanism, compass information for determining direction is necessary, and the precision of the compass will have a crucial effect on the precision of homing. For deriving compass information, certain insects use the pattern of polarized light in the sky that arises due to scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere (polarized light compass). The analysis of skylight polarization is mediated by specialized photoreceptors and neurons in the visual system. Inspired by the insect's polarized light compass, we have constructed a polarization compass that was employed successfully on the mobile robot Sahabot. Three models for extracting compass information from the polarization pattern of the sky were tested. In this article, we describe the navigation system and report results of experiments performed with the Sahabot in one of the natural habitats of the desert ant Cataglyphis in North Africa.
Reconstruction of Cartilage, Bone, and Hematopoietic Microenvironment with Demineralized Bone Matrix and Bone Marrow Cells (2003)

Highly specialized hard tissues, such as cartilage, bone, and stromal microenvironment supporting hematopoiesis, originate from a common type of mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC). We hypothesized that MPCs present in bone marrow cell suspension and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) that possess natural conductive and inductive features might constitute a unit containing all the essential elements for purposive bone and cartilage induction. Using a rodent preclinical model, we found that implantation of a composite comprising DBM and MPCs into A) a damaged area of a joint; B) an ablated bone marrow cavity, and C) a calvarial defect resulted in the generation of A) a new osteochondral complex comprising articular cartilage and subchondral bone; B) trabecular bone and stromal microenvironment supporting hematopoiesis, and C) flat bone, respectively. The new tissue formation followed differentiation pathways controlled by site-specific physiological conditions, thus developing tissues that precisely met local demands.
Pulse repetition frequency multiplication via intracavity optical filtering in AM mode-locked fiber ring lasers (2002)

We demonstrate pulse repetition frequency multiplication in AM mode-locked fiber ring lasers using optical filtering realized via an intracavity fiber Fabry-Perot filter (FFP) and show that the generated optical pulses are highly stable in amplitude noise and timing jitter. A 3.477-GHz optical pulse train is generated using a modulation signal of 869.284 MHz, a fourth subharmonic multiple of the 3.48-GHz free spectral range of FFP. The generated optical pulses exhibit a high degree of pulse stability in terms of a large suppression of supermode noise, a low amplitude noise of 0.93 %, and a timing jitter of 1.2 ps.
Size dependent melting of Silicon nanoparticles (2014)

Melting of crystalline silicon nanoparticles is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using Stillinger-Weber potential. Models are heated up from a crystalline to a normal liquid state. Temperature dependence of total energy and the Lindemann ratio exhibit a first-order-like behavior of the transition at the melting point. Heat capacity of the system presents a single peak at around the melting point. The size dependent melting is presented. As the size of the nanoparticles increases, the variation of the melting point becomes more monotonic and the temperature range of bistability shifts to higher temperatures. In large nanoparticles, the proportion of interior atoms increases and the average potential energy per atom converges to the bulk or thin films.
Amplitude preserving 3D pre‐stack Kirchhoff time migration for V(z) and VTI media (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Amplitude preserving 3D pre‐stack Kirchhoff time migration for V(z) and VTI mediaAuthors: Chuanwen SunRuben D. MartinezChuanwen SunPGS Geophysical, Houston and Ruben D. MartinezPGS Geophysical, Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816873 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816873FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAccelerating least-squares Kirchhoff time migration using beam methodologyYubo Yue, Yujin Liu, and Samuel H. Gray8 April 2021 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 86, No. 3Seismogenic Zone Structures Revealed by Improved 3‐D Seismic Images in the Nankai Trough off Kumano10 May 2019 | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 356Post‐migration time‐domain offset‐to‐phase‐incidence‐angle transform in VTI mediaYilong Qin8 August 2011Velocity analysis based on rugged topographyHong‐xun Pan and Wu‐bao Fang8 August 2011A comparison of intrinsic and effective Eta estimation in time‐velocity analysisJoel Starr6 October 2006 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Chuanwen Sun and Ruben D. Martinez, (2002), "Amplitude preserving 3D pre‐stack Kirchhoff time migration for V(z) and VTI media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1224-1227. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816873 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Elevated Human Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Level and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Hypertension (2015)

Serum endocan level is independently correlated with the presence and severity of CAD in hypertension patients, and those with high endocan level may have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Nanoscale analysis of laser ablated thin films used in industrial manufacturing of flat panel displays (2006)

Flat panel display manufacturing has recently been revolutionized by the industrial uptake of laser direct write techniques to replace lithography for patterning active thin films on glass. The use of diode pumped, high average power, nanosecond pulsed, kilohertz repetition rate infrared lasers to directly pattern electrically active thin films on glass substrates has eliminated as many as five production stages in the manufacture of flat panel displays. Such lasers are now available in average powers nearing one kilowatt, which allows sufficient productivity to take this process from the lab into industry. One key issue of concern is quantifying the removal of the thin films and how that relates to beam homogeneity and energy density on the workpiece. In this paper the authors attempt to quantify the removal of the thin films from glass by comparing advanced analytical techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with optical microscopy for a range of laser parameters. This analysis is put into context of the wider laser direct write technique of thin films on glass; particularly that of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) for the manufacture of Plasma Display Panels (PDPs).
A Survey of Deep Network Solutions for Learning Control in Robotics: From Reinforcement to Imitation (2016)

Deep learning techniques have been widely applied, achieving state-of-the-art results in various fields of study. This survey focuses on deep learning solutions that target learning control policies for robotics applications. We carry out our discussions on the two main paradigms for learning control with deep networks: deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning. For deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we begin from traditional reinforcement learning algorithms, showing how they are extended to the deep context and effective mechanisms that could be added on top of the DRL algorithms. We then introduce representative works that utilize DRL to solve navigation and manipulation tasks in robotics. We continue our discussion on methods addressing the challenge of the reality gap for transferring DRL policies trained in simulation to real-world scenarios, and summarize robotics simulation platforms for conducting DRL research. For imitation leaning, we go through its three main categories, behavior cloning, inverse reinforcement learning and generative adversarial imitation learning, by introducing their formulations and their corresponding robotics applications. Finally, we discuss the open challenges and research frontiers.
Morphology, Crystallization and Melting Behavior of Statistical Copolymers of Propylene with Ethylene, 1-Butene, 1-Hexene and 1-Octene (2001)

In this thesis, the morphology, crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene copolymers (propylene/ethylene, propylene/1-butene, propylene/1-hexene and propylene/1-octene) has been examined. The multiple melting behavior has been correlated with the presence of alpha and gamma phases and with the occurrence of cross-hatching morphology. The Crystallization and melting behavior of propylene/ethylene and propylne/1-butene are qualitatively similar and compatible with the expectations that the ethylene and butene comonomers are partly included in the propylene lattice. Propylene/1-hexene and propylene/1-octene copolymers exhibit remarkably similar behavior and morphologies consistent with the expectations that the hexene and the octene comonomers are rigorously excluded from the crystal lattice. The origin and the crystallization time dependence of the multiple melting behavior is very different for these two pairs of copolymers. For PE and PB it is consistent with the melting of parent a-phase lamellae and alpha or gamma-phase daughter lamellae. For PH and PO copolymers it is very similar to that observed for ethylene-octene(EO) and ethylene-styrene(ES) copolymers and compatible with the melting of primary lamellae and secondary mosaic or fringed micellar structures.
Building High-Performance Application Protocol Parsers on Multi-core Architectures (2011)

Parsing packet payloads according to the syntax and semantics of an application protocol is a key step in analyzing network traffic. However, it is still a challenge to fulfill this task with high speed(10Gbps+) because parsing packets through deep-content analysis to build a corresponding syntax tree requires tremendous computing resources. Multi-core architectures provide a viable solution for building high-performance parsers for application protocols. Existing sequential application protocol parsers are hard to be reused, and building a new protocol parser from scratch is error-prone and time-consuming. This paper proposes a general and efficient approach to building high-performance parallel application protocol parsers on multi-core platforms. First, the open-source lexical analyzer FLEX is used to describe a protocol and generate a sequential parser. Then a source-to-source translation is performed to transform the sequential parser into a parallel one. Finally, an efficient parallel run-time system is built by employing lock-free design principles from top to bottom to support multi-threaded execution on multi-core processors. Experimental results show that our parsers achieve nearly 20Gbps for average HTTP packets and 5Gbps for the challenging smaller FIX packets.
Therapeutic polymeric nanoparticles and the methods of making and using thereof: a patent evaluation of WO2015036792 (2016)

Evaluation of the patent application WO2015036792 claiming therapeutic polymeric nanoparticles loaded with AZD1152-hqpa (aurora kinase inhibitor), and methods of making and using same for the treatment of cancer, is described. The claimed polymeric nano-formulations containing hydrophobic acid significantly improved the pharmacokinetic profiles (slow/sustained drug release profile) of the drug AZD1152-hqpa, as compared to the control agent (AZD1152). Drug efficacy and tolerability were also improved, and toxicity decreased in in vivo animal experiments, resulting in a better therapeutic index for the nano-formulation. Hence, the nano-formulated AZD1152-hqpa could be tested in the clinic at a dose level similar to, or higher than, that used for AZD1152, with lower incidence of toxicity.
273 SELECTION OF PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS INDUCED BY XENOPUS EGG EXTRACTS (2008)

It has been reported that Xenopus egg extracts contain molecules that are capable of reprogramming mammalian somatic cells. The reprogrammed somatic cells, which are called extract treated cells (ETC), possess the potential for clinical therapy as embryonic stem (ES) cells do. Therefore, in addition to establishment of an efficient method to reprogram mouse NIH/3T3 cells by Xenopus egg extracts, the aim of this study was to select the ETC cells by the expression of Oct4. In Experiment 1, two methods, electroporation or permeabilization, were conducted to treat mouse NIH/3T3 cells with Xenopus egg extracts. 2 × 105 cells in 200 µL reprogramming mixture containing Xenopus egg extracts were stimulated by a direct current (DC) pulse (80 V mm–1 for 3 msec) three times followed by a pause of incubation at 37°C for 5 min and a single DC pulse (170 V mm–1, for 0.4 msec) subsequently. The electroporated cells were then incubated at 22°C for 1 h. In the other treatment group, NIH/3T3 cells (5 × 105) were permeabilized by streptolysin O (SLO, 500 ng mL–1 in PBS) for 50 min at 37°C before mixed with Xenopus egg extracts at 22°C for 2 h. Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS for the first 4 days and then changed to ES medium (DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS, 0.1 mm ß-mercaptoethanol, 1000 unit mL–1 mLIF, 0.5% nonessential amino acids, 2 mm L-glutamine) for the last 6 days after Xenopus egg extract treatment. Cell colonies were found in both treatment groups at the end of culture. Examination by immunocytochemical staining, results showed that the extract-treated cell colonies expressed pluripotent marker proteins, such as alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. In Experiment 2, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector was constructed and EGFP was driven by Oct4 enhancer and promoter (Oct4-EGFP). Mouse NIH/3T3 cells were then transfected with Oct4-EGFP plasmids and selected for stable clone by G418 screening. After 6 passages, the NIH/3T3-Oct4-EGFP cells were treated with egg extracts to induce reprogramming as Experiment 1, and monitored pluripotency based on the expression of EGFP. Results showed that some of the cells or cell colonies expressed green fluorescence driven by Oct4 regulatory element at the 8th day of culture after extract treatment. Our results demonstrated that both methods of electroporation and reversible permeabilization could introduce reprogramming molecules in Xenopus egg extract to the mammalian somatic cells and generate ETCs cells in vitro. Also, with the establishment of NIH/3T3-Oct4-EGFP cell line, the potentially reprogrammed colonies could be easily selected by EGFP expression. The changes of epigenetic modifications in the ETC cells would be investigated in the short future.
Calcium-regulated photoproteins of marine coelenterates (2006)

Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins are bioluminescent proteins responsible for bioluminescence of marine coelenterates. The photoprotein molecule is a stable enzyme-substrate complex consisting of a single polypeptide chain and an oxygen "pre-activated" substrate, 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine, which is tightly but non-covalently bound with a protein. The bioluminescence is triggered by calcium ions and originates from an oxidative decarboxylation of a protein bound substrate. The review provides current data on the photoproteins structure, the mechanism of bioluminescent reaction, the function of some amino acid residues of an active site in the catalysis and the formation of the emitter, as well as on applications of these proteins in a bioluminescent analysis.
Restoring utility cuts (1986)

Substandard utility cut restorations have many negative consequences including shortened pavement life. Several ways to solve this problem were considered including more comprehensive inspection procedures to ensure that specifications are met. The latter was dismissed in favor of the use of unshrinkable fill. A study to evaluate the pros and cons of unshrinkable fill as opposed to granular fill showed that it was the preferable alternative. The reasons for this are set forth. It is shown that in spite of some flaws, unshrinkable fill performs at least as well as granular fill in virtually all aspects. Furthermore, it has many distinct advantages, including costs, consistency, and reduced inspection requirements. It is noted that using unshrinkable fill is helpful in maintaining high quality pavement.