gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fraud in roaming scenarios: an overview (2009)

In the mobile telecommunications sector in general, and in the roaming scenario in particular, fraud can lead to large financial losses. This article first presents the major concerns regarding such security threats, and then proposes a classification for this type of attack, highlighting the necessity for the different players involved to take joint action.
Mechanisms of neuroprotection by hemopexin: modeling the control of heme and iron homeostasis in brain neurons in inflammatory states (2013)

Hemopexin provides neuroprotection in mouse models of stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage and protects neurons in vitro against heme or reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity via heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) activity. To model human brain neurons experiencing hemorrhages and inflammation, we used human neuroblastoma cells, heme-hemopexin complexes, and physiologically relevant ROS, for example, H(2)O(2) and HOCl, to provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism whereby hemopexin safely maintains heme and iron homeostasis. Human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP), needed for iron export from neurons, is induced ~twofold after heme-hemopexin endocytosis by iron from heme catabolism via the iron-regulatory element of hAPP mRNA. Heme-hemopexin is relatively resistant to damage by ROS and retains its ability to induce the cytoprotective HO1 after exposure to tert-butylhydroperoxide, although induction is impaired, but not eliminated, by exposure to high concentrations of H(2)O(2) in vitro. Apo-hemopexin, which predominates in non-hemolytic states, resists damage by H(2)O(2) and HOCl, except for the highest concentrations likely in vivo. Heme-albumin and albumin are preferential targets for ROS; thus, albumin protects hemopexin in biological fluids like CSF and plasma where it is abundant. These observations provide strong evidence that hemopexin will be neuroprotective after traumatic brain injury, with heme release in the CNS, and during the ensuing inflammation. Hemopexin sequesters heme, thus preventing unregulated heme uptake that leads to toxicity; it safely delivers heme to neuronal cells; and it activates the induction of proteins including HO1 and hAPP that keep heme and iron at safe levels in neurons.
A 15-GHz AlGaAs/GaAs HBT limiting amplifier with low phase deviation (2002)

The design and performance of a 15-GHz AlGaAs/GaAs HBT limiting amplifier is presented. The key feature of the circuit design is a differential configuration with an emitter peaking technique to realize a low phase deviation and wide frequency band. A high-frequency operation of 15 GHz with a gain of 25 dB and a low phase shift deviation of 3 degrees over a 15-dB input dynamic range has been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ON HIGH MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY ORDERED PHASE Co3Pt ALLOY FILMS WITH HIGH MAGNETO-OPTICAL KERR ACTIVITY (1998)

Co75Pt25 films deposited onto Al2O3(0001), Al2O3(11-20) and, MgO(111) substrates at substrate deposition temperatures from 230 to 450°C exhibit a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ( > 1.0 × 107 erg/cm3 at room temperature). X-ray diffraction analyses reveal the presence of the hcp CO3Pt ordered state in these films. A close correlation between the ordered state and the large perpendicular anisotropy is found for films deposited at 380°C and above. Magneto-optical spectra show a characteristic peak for the film with ordered structure in a photon energy range from 2 to 4 eV in both of Kerr rotation and ellipticity. Magneto-optical properties of Co-Pt alloys above 5 eV are studied for the first time, where high positive Kerr rotation is observed.
Membrane transport of camptothecin: facilitation by human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2) (2004)

The current results provide evidence that PGP and MRP2 mediate the secretory transport of CPT in vitro. However, the involvement of other transporters cannot be ruled out based on these studies. Since these transporters are expressed in the intestine, liver and kidney variations in their expression levels and/or regulation may be responsible for the erratic oral absorption and biliary excretion of CPT observed in human subjects.
Improved conventional synthesis for <sup>14</sup>C‐labeled polyglutamates of folic acid (1989)

Abstract The majority of folates existing in nature are of the pteroylpolyglutamyl form and are unable to support Lactobacillus casei growth until the δ‐linked glutamyls are digested by conjugase enzymes. Most studies involving folate absorption have utilized monoglutamyl forms of folate, primarily folic acid. Synthetic pteroylpolyglutamates prepared by solid phase or conventional synthesis provided conjugated materials with which to study the absorption and metabolism of natural derivatives; however, the synthetic hepataglutamates support microbiological growth prior to enzymatic hydrolysis where as the natural conjugates do not. Incomplete purification of intermediate peptides during the synthesis would be the most likely explanation of this growth phenomenon. A modified solution synthesis has been developed which improves upon intermediate peptide condensations, increases product yields, and provides a heptapeptide which does not support microbiological growth until after enzymatic hydrolysis.
<title>Video coding for multiple target audiences</title> (1998)

We explain some of the mechanisms used by the SureStream<SUP>TM</SUP> method in RealSystem<SUP>TM</SUP>G2 software for streaming video over the Internet. We focus on the dynamic behavior of the system under changing Internet bandwidth conditions. Our approach measures available bandwidth and switches between separate (non-layered) video encodings to match the channel capacity. The choice of bitrates, appropriate rate control methods, and details of switching between each bitrate will be the main topics of this paper. Our goal is to present one approach to this problem and the rationale behind some of the decisions we made, in the hopes of encouraging progress in the development of the best possible video streaming experience over the Internet. To avoid complexity we have left out discussion of audio and the interaction between audio streaming and video streaming.
Clinical Activity and Safety of the Anti–Programmed Death 1 Monoclonal Antibody Dostarlimab for Patients With Recurrent or Advanced Mismatch Repair–Deficient Endometrial Cancer (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02715284.
Impaired analysis of moving objects due to deficient smooth pursuit eye movements (1999)

It is usually assumed that the raison d'être for smooth pursuit eye movements is an advantage in the visual analysis of moving objects due to the stabilization of the retinal image on the fovea. Although such benefits resulting from foveal pursuit are plausible, there have been few attempts to demonstrate them rigorously. Moreover, it is unknown whether and to what extent pursuit deficits due to neurological disease impair vision. In this study, therefore, we measured psychophysical thresholds for two different discrimination tasks assessing the visual analysis of moving objects as a function of smooth pursuit performance. Results from a group of healthy subjects were compared with those obtained from patients exhibiting catch-up saccades (n = 9) or saccadic intrusions in the form of square-wave jerks (n = 2). In a first set of experiments we measured acuity thresholds for Landolt optotypes moving horizontally at velocities of up to 14 degrees /s (dynamic visual acuity, DVA). In the control group (n = 20), DVA thresholds were indistinguishable from thresholds observed under stationary fixation due to efficient pursuit eye movements allowing continuous foveal stabilization of the retinal Landolt image. In contrast, all patients with catch-up saccades showed pursuit gains that decreased with increasing velocity, paralleled by a dramatic rise in DVA thresholds. Patients with square-wave jerks in turn revealed sufficient pursuit velocity but impaired foveation due to the involuntary saccades that occurred at similar frequencies independent of target velocity. In these patients, thresholds were more or less independent of the Landolt velocity but significantly raised compared with controls. Similar results were obtained in a test determining the sensitivity for vertical position steps of a given pursuit target. In summary, our results indicate that the lack of adequate pursuit eye movements is indeed deleterious for the visual analysis of moving objects.
Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters (2018)

In myopia the eye grows too long, generating poorly focused retinal images when people try to look at a distance. Myopia is tightly linked to the educational status and is on the rise worldwide. It is still not clear which kind of visual experience stimulates eye growth in children and students when they study. We propose a new and perhaps unexpected reason. Work in animal models has shown that selective activation of ON or OFF pathways has also selective effects on eye growth. This is likely to be true also in humans. Using custom-developed software to process video frames of the visual environment in realtime we quantified relative ON and OFF stimulus strengths. We found that ON and OFF inputs were largely balanced in natural environments. However, black text on white paper heavily overstimulated retinal OFF pathways. Conversely, white text on black paper overstimulated ON pathways. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young human subjects, we found that the choroid, the heavily perfused layer behind the retina in the eye, becomes about 16 µm thinner in only one hour when subjects read black text on white background but about 10 µm thicker when they read white text from black background. Studies both in animal models and in humans have shown that thinner choroids are associated with myopia development and thicker choroids with myopia inhibition. Therefore, reading white text from a black screen or tablet may be a way to inhibit myopia, while conventional black text on white background may stimulate myopia.
Ultra-Low Voltage MEMS Resonator Based on RSG-MOSFET (2006)

16MHz and 91MHz micromechanical resonators based on the Resonant Suspended-gate MOSFET (RSG-MOSFET) architecture are demonstrated. A fabrication process using a polysilicon sacrificial layer and an aluminum-silicon alloy (AlSi 1%) suspended-gate was developed. Static and dynamic electrical characteristics of the Clamped-Clamped beam (CC-beam) resonator have been investigated in order to explain the device behavior. The lowest reported actuation voltage for a MEMS resonator, less than 1V, makes the resonator compatible with standard CMOS voltages. The actuation voltage dependence on the MOSFET characteristics and the threshold voltage is explained. A resonant frequency tuning of 750kHz was achieved by a 240mV DC voltage variation, and a quality factor of Q= 641 was calculated from measurements in vacuum.
Mean Temperature Difference in the Field or Bayonet Tube (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMean Temperature Difference in the Field or Bayonet TubeNorman L. HurdCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 12, 1266–1271Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50444a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50444a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reduction of Nitriles by U-Co-B Catalyst (1956)

High-pressure, catalytic reduction of saturated nitriles and cycloalkenylacetonitriles were carried out with U-Co-B catalyst, prepared from zinc powder and cobalt chloride in accordance with the preparative method for U-Ni-B. It was thereby learned that U-Co-B has approximately the same catalytic ability as that of Raney cobalt but can be prepared much easily and at cheaper cost.
Direct Oxidative Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation Using the “Cation Pool” Method. 1. Generation of Iminium Cation Pools and Their Reaction with Carbon Nucleophiles (1999)

We have developed a method that involves the generation of a “cation pool” using low-temperature electrolysis, and then its reaction with nucleophiles under non-oxidative conditions. This one-pot method solves problems associated with conventional oxidative generation of cations and their in situ reaction with nucleophiles, and provides an efficient method for direct oxidative carbon−carbon bond formation. As an example of this method, generation of cation pools from carbamates by low-temperature electrolysis (−72 °C) and their reactions with carbon nucleophiles such as allylsilanes, enol silyl ethers, and enol acetates were examined and the desired products were obtained in good yields. Aromatic compounds and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds can also be utilized as carbon nucleophiles. The present method was also applied to combinatorial parallel synthesis using a robotic synthesizer.
Broad Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV Env and Other Complex Viral Antigens from Vaccinated Cows (2016)

The idea of using antibodies to restrain HIV viral replication has been a growing interest since many years ago. HIV-patient serum with elite virus-neutralizing breadth has led to the preparation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BrNAbs) with long and highly mutated CDRH3 domains that can neutralize a broad array of viral strains and prevent transmission in animal models. Recent advances have resulted in the discovery of BrNAbs that are more potent and can neutralize many HIV-1 subtypes. However, elicitation of these antibodies in infected individuals usually requires a long time of antigen exposure. Though BrNAbs are shown to be successful either therapeutically or prophylactically against HIV-1, production of these antibodies in bulk, commercial-sized batches are expensive and non-affordable particularly for poor countries. Therefore, more durable preventative or therapeutic strategies are required. Immunization of the cows with HIV Env is shown to be capable of producing 20 kg purified anti-HIV-1 BrNAbs and this amount could be sufficient for 2 million 10 mg doses for formulation and pre-clinical testing as an HIV microbicide. In addition, bovine immunoglobulins typically have variable third heavy complementarity determining regions (CDRH3) that may potentially facilitate access to antigenic epitopes that are very difficult for other species to engage. Thus, cows could be engaged to elicit anti-HIV antibodies with the features of human BrNAbs and bovine colostrum could be a promising and cheap resource for the development of combination microbicides.
La estética en el proceso (2016)

Si la estetica reflexiona sobre los bello y lo positivo, no sera facil encontrar algunos aspectos esteticos en el entorno del proceso judicial. Sin embargo, es un instrumento que procura la paz, la paz social, y una ordenada convivencia ciudadana; ese puede ser un punto de partida valido para encontrar aspectos positivos y valiosos que nos acerquen a la estetica, reflexionando en este trabajo donde podria estar.
Chiral Recognition in Catalytic Hydrogenation of α-Acylaminoacrylic Acids by Cationic Rhodium(I) Complexes of Chiral Aminophosphines Derived from (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-1,2-Cyclohexanediamine or (<i>R</i>)-1,2-propanediamine (1980)

Abstract Four chiral diphosphines, (R,R)-1,2-bis[N-methyl(diphenylphosphino)arnino]cyclohexane, (R,R)-1,2-bis[(diphenylphosphino) amino] cyclohexane, (R)-1,2-bis[N-methyl(diphenylphosphino)amino]propane, and (R)-1,2-bis[(diphenylphosphino)amino] propane have been prepared from the corresponding optically active diamines. The cationic 1,5-cyclooctadiene rhodium(I) complexes with these diphosphines act as effective homogeneous catalysts for the stereoselective hydrogenation of α-acylaminoacrylic acids. The optical yields and the absolute configurations of the products depend on the kind of diphosphine ligands. The (R,R)-1,2-bis[N-methyl(diphenylphosphino)amino]cyclohexane complex catalyst yields N-benzoyl-(S)-leucine, N-benzoyl-(S)-phenylalanine, and N-acetyl-(S)-phenylalanine in 94, 92, and 89% e.e., respectively. The other three catalysts are less effective (6–74% e.e.). The aminophosphine complexes with methyl groups on the nitrogen atoms always give (S)-amino acids, those with no methyl group (R)-amino acids. Such a difference in the chiral recognition has been discussed on the basis of circular dichroism spectra and Dreiding molecular models of the rhodium(I) complexes.
Poly(Alkyl/Arylphosphazene) Chains and Rings Via Condensation Reactions of Si-N-P Precursors (1989)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of P-functional N-silylphosphoranimines, Me3SiN = P(X)R2, is an effective synthetic route to cyclic and polymeric phosphazenes that are fully substituted with P-alkyl/aryl side groups. Results of some recent studies of this condensation reaction and its products are reported, including: (1) the synthesis of a variety of new precursors with P-alkoxy and P-aryloxy substituents, (2) the effect of the leaving group (X) on the polymerization/cyclization process, and (3) the synthesis of a series of dialkyl cyclic phosphazenes, [R2PN]n (e.g., n = 3, 4, 5; R = Et, n-Pr, n-Bu, n-Hx).
High-frequency transformation of Rhizobium meliloti (1988)

Transformation of R factor RP4 and its derivative pRK290 from Escherichia coli to Rhizobium meliloti is reported. The efficiency of transformation was in the range of 10(-5) per viable cell. In addition, chromosomal DNA prepared from one R. meliloti strain resistant to streptomycin was transferred to the isoleucine-valine-requiring mutant susceptible to streptomycin.
Experiments in the Commutation and Motion Planning of a Spherical Stepper Motor (2000)

Abstract This paper addresses the commutation and motion planning of a spherical stepper motor in which the poles of the stator are electromagnets and the poles of the rotor (rotating ball) are permanent magnets. The stator only overlaps a very small area of the rotor, leading to a design that has a much wider range of unhindered motion than other spherical stepper motors in the literature. The problem with having a small stator is that it makes commutation and motion planning a difficult problem. We first explore the techniques and model used to construct the proper sequence of stator activations that result in the desired rotor trajectory. Experimental results are then presented for the model and prototype we have constructed.
Hyperspectral darkfield microscopy of single hollow gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications (2012)

Hyperspectral microscopy is a versatile method for simultaneous spatial and spectroscopic characterization of nonfluorescent samples. Here we present a hyperspectral darkfield imaging system for spectral imaging of single nanoparticles over an area of 150 × 150 μm(2) and at illumination intensities compatible with live cell imaging. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated using correlated transmission electron microscopy and single-particle optical studies of colloidal hollow gold nanoparticles. The potential of the system for characterizing the interactions between nanoparticles and cells has also been demonstrated. In this case, the spectral information proves a useful improvement to standard darkfield imaging as it enables differentiation between light scattered from nanoparticles and light scattered from other sources in the cellular environment. The combination of low illumination power and fast integration times makes the system highly suitable for nanoparticle tracking and spectroscopy in live-cell experiments.
Simultaneous removal of cadmium and turbidity in contaminated soil-washing water by DAF and electroflotation (2002)

The removal of cadmium and turbidity from contaminated soil-washing water was studied by dissolved air flotation (DAF) and electroflotation at laboratory scale by using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as an anionic surfactant, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as a coagulant. Using DAF, and in the presence of SLS or Ca(OH)2, the maximum recovery rate of cadmium obtained at a stoichiometric cadmium to collector and coagulant ratio of 1:4.5 was 51.1% and 80.8%, while the removal rate of turbidity was 18.4% and 19.2%. However, satisfactory cadmium and turbidity removal was not obtained by DAF. Much more significant removal of cadmium (100%, not detected in the residual) and turbidity (95.7%) was obtained by electroflotation using an aluminium metal plate as electrode, which generated hydroxide and aluminum ion. As a consequence, electroflotation is considered an effective method to separate cadmium and turbidity from contaminated soil-washing water. The electroflotation process may have practical applications for the removal of other hazardous metals from contaminated soil-washing water.
Modulation of E2F Activity Is Linked to Interferon-induced Growth Suppression of Hematopoietic Cells (1997)

E2F is a heterodimeric transcription factor that controls transcription of several growth-regulatory genes including cdc2. To investigate the mechanism of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-mediated growth suppression of hematopoietic cells, we examined the effect of IFN-alpha on the expression and function of E2F using IFN-sensitive Daudi cells. Down-regulation of E2F-1, a subunit of E2F, was observed after 8 h of culture with IFN-alpha; expression of E2F-4, another subunit of E2F, and DP-1, a heterodimeric partner of E2F, was unaffected. Gel shift assays revealed that the DNA binding activity of free E2F, which is composed of E2F-1 and E2F-4, was inhibited by IFN-alpha. In contrast, IFN-alpha did not affect the DNA binding ability of E2F-1 and E2F-4 in a complex with retinoblastoma (RB) susceptibility gene family proteins including pRB, p107, and p130. IFN-alpha could induce dephosphorylation of pRB, thereby turning active E2F-pRB complexes into transcriptional repressors. Transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays revealed that the activity of the E2F-dependent cdc2 promoter was suppressed by IFN-alpha. These results suggest that the antiproliferative action of IFN-alpha is mediated through the modulation of E2F activity in two different ways: down-regulation of transcriptionally active free E2F and conversion of E2F-pRB complexes into transcriptional repressors.