gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epi-convergence of discrete elastica (2001)

Curves that pass through specified locations with specified orientations and minimize an energy functional are called elastica. While physical splines readily assume minimal energy configurations, finding the numerical solutions of variational problems involving integrals of nonlinear functions of the curvature remains quite a formidable challenge.Approximate solutions of such problems yield satisfactory results and the computeraided design field relies heavily on polynomial or rational curve designs. In this paper we discuss a method for discretizing the problem of nonlinear spline design, an alternative to the more traditional approach of discretizing the differential equations that solve the variational problems involved. We show that discretizing the energy functionals (i.e, considering polygonal approximations of the curves and finding the ones that minimize their “energy” defined directly in terms of turn angles and segment length) is an approach that is simpler and leads to solutions that, in the limit of very small segment lengths, converge to the optimal continuous solutions.
Isolation and characterization of a stage-specific transforming gene, Tlym-I, from T-cell lymphomas. (1984)

A cellular transforming gene detected by transfection of mouse T-cell lymphoma DNA has been isolated by molecular cloning. This gene (designated Tlym-I) is homologous to a small conserved family of sequences present in normal mouse and human DNAs but is not related to any of the previously described viral or cellular transforming genes.
Potential of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separation of Xenon and Krypton (2014)

CONSPECTUS: The total world energy demand is predicted to rise significantly over the next few decades, primarily driven by the continuous growth of the developing world. With rapid depletion of nonrenewable traditional fossil fuels, which currently account for almost 86% of the worldwide energy output, the search for viable alternative energy resources is becoming more important from a national security and economic development standpoint. Nuclear energy, an emission-free, high-energy-density source produced by means of controlled nuclear fission, is often considered as a clean, affordable alternative to fossil fuel. However, the successful installation of an efficient and economically viable industrial-scale process to properly sequester and mitigate the nuclear-fission-related, highly radioactive waste (e.g., used nuclear fuel (UNF)) is a prerequisite for any further development of nuclear energy in the near future. Reprocessing of UNF is often considered to be a logical way to minimize the volume of high-level radioactive waste, though the generation of volatile radionuclides during reprocessing raises a significant engineering challenge for its successful implementation. The volatile radionuclides include but are not limited to noble gases (predominately isotopes of Xe and Kr) and must be captured during the process to avoid being released into the environment. Currently, energy-intensive cryogenic distillation is the primary means to capture and separate radioactive noble gas isotopes during UNF reprocessing. A similar cryogenic process is implemented during commercial production of noble gases though removal from air. In light of their high commercial values, particularly in lighting and medical industries, and associated high production costs, alternate approaches for Xe/Kr capture and storage are of contemporary research interest. The proposed pathways for Xe/Kr removal and capture can essentially be divided in two categories: selective absorption by dissolution in solvents and physisorption on porous materials. Physisorption-based separation and adsorption on highly functional porous materials are promising alternatives to the energy-intensive cryogenic distillation process, where the adsorbents are characterized by high surface areas and thus high removal capacities and often can be chemically fine-tuned to enhance the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions for optimum selectivity. Several traditional porous adsorbents such as zeolites and activated carbon have been tested for noble gas capture but have shown low capacity, selectivity, and lack of modularity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are an emerging class of solid-state adsorbents that can be tailor-made for applications ranging from gas adsorption and separation to catalysis and sensing. Herein we give a concise summary of the background and development of Xe/Kr separation technologies with a focus on UNF reprocessing and the prospects of MOF-based adsorbents for that particular application.
Josephson effect between<i>s</i>wave and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>wave superconductors (1994)

The phase (\ensuremath{\varphi}) dependence of the Josephson current I(\ensuremath{\varphi}) between s wave and ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ wave superconductors is predicted to be sin(2\ensuremath{\varphi}), when the junction is formed along the c axis. This dependence is also obtained when the misorientation angle between the interface and the a(b) axis of the ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ superconductor is 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the a-b plane contact junction. In such cases, critical current ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is proportional to ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$-T near the transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. The anomalous magnetic flux dependence of ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of the corner junction by Wollman is also predicted.
TLS Fallback Signaling Cipher Suite Value (SCSV) for Preventing Protocol Downgrade Attacks (2015)

This document defines a Signaling Cipher Suite Value (SCSV) that
prevents protocol downgrade attacks on the Transport Layer Security
(TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocols. It
updates RFCs 2246, 4346, 4347, 5246, and 6347. Server update
considerations are included.
Design of Narrow-Beamwidth Transducers (1963)

The design of focused transducers used to narrow the beamwidth over a finite distance in the nearfield region is outlined. A computer program was used to optimize the transducer's geometrical shape for beamwidth improvement, and off-axis computations for plane and focused transducers were programmed to check the improvement in beamwidth so obtained. The results of these computations show that a simple parameter can be used to describe and compare the degree of focusing of such transducers.
The Effect of the Concentration of Sorbitol upon the Production of Sorbose by the Action of Acetobacter Suboxydans<sup>1</sup> (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of the Concentration of Sorbitol upon the Production of Sorbose by the Action of Acetobacter Suboxydans1Ellis I. Fulmer, John W. Dunning, James F. Guymon, and L. A. UnderkoflerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 6, 1012–1013Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01297a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01297a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for <em>In Vitro </em>and <em>In Vivo</em> Expression of Human TCRs (2017)

Although, several methods for sequencing of paired T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from single T cells have been developed, none so far have been conducive to downstream in vivo functional analysis of TCR heterodimers. We have developed an improved protocol based on a two-step multiplex-nested PCR, which results in a PCR product that spans entire variable regions of a human TCR alpha and beta chains. By identifying unique restriction sites and incorporating them into the PCR primers, we have made the PCR product compatible with direct sub-cloning into the template retroviral vector. The resulting retroviral construct encodes a chimeric human/mouse TCR with a mouse intracellular domain, which is functional in mouse cells or in in vivo mouse models. Overall, the protocol described here combines human single cell paired TCR alpha and beta chain identification with streamlined generation of retroviral vectors readily adaptable for in vitro and in vivo TCR expression. The video and the accompanying material are designed to give a highly detailed description of the single cell PCR, so that the critical steps can be followed and potential pitfalls avoided. Additionally, we provide a detailed description of the cloning steps necessary to generate the expression vector. Once mastered, the whole procedure from single cell sorting to TCR expression could be performed in a short two-week period.
A tumor promoting phorbol ester, TPA, enhances polyomavirus DNA replication by activating the function of the viral enhancer. (1990)

The effect of tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on enhancer dependent polyomavirus (Py) DNA replication was examined in cells expressing Py large T antigen. The results showed that TPA enhanced Py DNA replication by stimulating the activity of the A element, one of the two cores of Py enhancer. Of the three subdomains of the A element, the biding sites of PEBP1 (PEA1), a member of AP1 family, and of PEBP5 were by themselves able to activate Py DNA replication. Furthermore, each binding site of PEBP1 and PEBP5 responded to TPA to enhance Py DNA replication. The results suggest that growth promoting signals could activate DNA replication directly via enhancer binding proteins.
Execution Time Monitoring in Linux (2009)

This paper presents an implementation of an Execution Time Monitor (ETM) which can be applied in a resource management framework, such as the one proposed in the Open Media Platform (OMP) [4]. OMP is a European project which aims at creating an open, flexible and resource efficient software architecture for mobile devices such as cell phones and handsets. One of its goals is to open up the possibility for software portability and fast integration of applications, in order to decrease development costs. The task of the ETM is to measure task execution time and provide this information to the scheduler which then can schedule tasks in a more efficient and dynamic way. This implementation is our first step towards a full resource management framework that later will include a hierarchical scheduler, for soft real-time systems.
Fragment-to-Hit-to-Lead Discovery of a Novel Pyridylurea Scaffold of ATP Competitive Dual Targeting Type II Topoisomerase Inhibiting Antibacterial Agents (2013)

The discovery and optimization of a new class of bacterial topoisomerase (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) inhibitors binding in the ATP domain are described. A fragment molecule, 1-ethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)urea, provided sufficiently potent enzyme inhibition (32 μM) to prompt further analogue work. Acids and acid isosteres were incorporated at the 5-pyridyl position of this fragment, bridging to a key asparagine residue, improving enzyme inhibition, and leading to measurable antibacterial activity. A CF3-thiazole substituent at the 4-pyridyl position improved inhibitory potency due to a favorable lipophilic interaction. Promising antibacterial activity was seen versus the Gram-positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and the Gram-negative pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis . Precursor metabolite incorporation and mutant analysis studies support the mode-of-action, blockage of DNA synthesis by dual target topoisomerase inhibition. Compound 35 was efficacious in a mouse S. aureus disease model, where a 4.5-log reduction in colony forming units versus control was demonstrated.
Emulsion Polymerization: A New Approach to Prepare Graphite Oxide Coated with Polyaniline (2009)

A novel approach is used to synthesize graphite oxide (GO) coated with polyaniline (PANI) by in-situ emulsion polymerization. The dispersion behavior of exfoliated graphite oxide in aqueous solution under ultrasonic vibration is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Strong interactions owing to hydrogen bonds and electrostatic effects between PANI and GO surfaces are revealed by FT-IR and Raman spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further confirms that GO is well-coated with PANI, and a uniform appearance is seen. The increased crystallinity of PANI/GO is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The product is also characterized by thermogravimetry(TG) and electrical conductivity.
Ablation efficiency and relative thermal confinement measurements using wavelengths 1,064, 1,320, and 1,444 nm for laser-assisted lipolysis (2012)

Laser-assisted lipolysis is routinely used for contouring the body and the neck while modifications of the technique have recently been advocated for facial contouring. In this study, wavelength-dependence measurements of laser lipolysis effect were performed using different lasers at 1,064, 1,320, and 1,444 nm wavelengths that are currently used clinically. Fresh porcine skin with fatty tissue was used for the experiments with radiant exposure of 5-8 W with the same parameters (beam diameter = 600 μm, peak power = 200 mJ, and pulse rate = 40 Hz) for 1,064, 1,320 and 1,444 nm laser wavelengths. After laser irradiation, ablation crater depth and width and tissue mass loss were measured using spectral optical coherence tomography and a micro-analytical balance, respectively. In addition, thermal temporal monitoring was performed with a thermal imaging camera placed over ex vivo porcine fat tissue; temperature changes were recorded for each wavelength. This study demonstrated greatest ablation crater depth and width and mass removal in fatty tissue at the 1,444 nm wavelength followed by, in order, 1,320 and 1,064 nm. In the evaluation of heat distribution at different wavelengths, reduced heat diffusion was observed at 1,444 nm. The ablation efficiency was found to be dependent upon wavelength, and the 1,444 nm wavelength was found to provide both the highest efficiency for fatty tissue ablation and the greatest thermal confinement.
A Study on the in vitro Digestibility of Hydroxypropyl Starches by Pancreatin (1971)

Abstract A study was made of the digestibility of hydroxypropyl starches by a relatively large amount of pancreatin. The digestibility was estimated from the reduction of an alkaline ferricyanide solution by the digests. It was found that the digestibility decreased exponentially with increasing degree of substitution.
Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918-1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intellectual Environment (1971)

Research Article| January 01 1971 Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918-1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intellectual Environment Paul Forman Paul Forman Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences (1971) 3: 1–115. https://doi.org/10.2307/27757315 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Paul Forman; Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918-1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intellectual Environment. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 1 January 1971; 3 1–115. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/27757315 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentHistorical Studies in the Natural Sciences Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1971 University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin (2013)

The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk) regulates energy homeostasis and is activated by cellular stress, hormones and the widely prescribed type 2 diabetes drug metformin. Ampk phosphorylates mouse acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Acc1; refs. 3,4) at Ser79 and Acc2 at Ser212, inhibiting the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. The latter metabolite is a precursor in fatty acid synthesis and an allosteric inhibitor of fatty acid transport into mitochondria for oxidation. To test the physiological impact of these phosphorylation events, we generated mice with alanine knock-in mutations in both Acc1 (at Ser79) and Acc2 (at Ser212) (Acc double knock-in, AccDKI). Compared to wild-type mice, these mice have elevated lipogenesis and lower fatty acid oxidation, which contribute to the progression of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and NAFLD, but not obesity. Notably, AccDKI mice made obese by high-fat feeding are refractory to the lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin. These findings establish that inhibitory phosphorylation of Acc by Ampk is essential for the control of lipid metabolism and, in the setting of obesity, for metformin-induced improvements in insulin action.
Stream Filtering in StreamRay: An Architecture for Coherent Ray Tracing (2008)

The wide availability of commodity graphics processors has made real-time graphics an intrinsic component of the human/computer interface. These graphics cores accelerate the z-buffer algorithm and provide a highly interactive experience at a relatively low cost. However, many applications in entertainment, science, medicine, etc. require higher quality lighting effects such as accurate shadows and reflections. These effects are difficult to achieve with z-buffer algorithms but are much easier to achieve using ray tracing. Ray tracing is computationally more complex, but has better scaling and parallelism properties than the z-buffer approach. However, ray tracing patterns are difficult to predict and therefore, the parallelism promise is hard to achieve. This paper highlights a novel ray tracing approach based on stream filtering, and presents StreamRay, a multi-core wide SIMD machine that employs efficient address generation mechanisms to form a stream of rays for highly parallel SIMD execution. Results demonstrate that StreamRay delivers interactive frame rates of 15-25 fps for scenes of high geometric complexity while sustaining high utilization for SIMD widths of up to 16 elements.
Chemistry of malononitrile (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of malononitrileFillmore FreemanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 5, 591–624Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60261a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60261a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3118Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rocking drones with intentional sound noise on gyroscopic sensors (2015)

Sensing and actuation systems contain sensors to observe the environment and actuators to influence it. However, these sensors can be tricked by maliciously fabricated physical properties. In this paper, we investigated whether an adversary could incapacitate drones equipped with Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) gyroscopes using intentional sound noise. While MEMS gyroscopes are known to have resonant frequencies that degrade their accuracy, it is not known whether this property can be exploited maliciously to disrupt the operation of drones.

We first tested 15 kinds of MEMS gyroscopes against sound noise and discovered the resonant frequencies of seven MEMS gyroscopes by scanning the frequencies under 30 kHz using a consumer-grade speaker. The standard deviation of the resonant output from those gyroscopes was dozens of times larger than that of the normal output. After analyzing a target drone's flight control system, we performed real-world experiments and a software simulation to verify the effect of the crafted gyroscope output. Our real-world experiments showed that in all 20 trials, one of two target drones equipped with vulnerable gyroscopes lost control and crashed shortly after we started our attack. A few interesting applications and countermeasures are discussed at the conclusion of this paper.
Conditional Variable-Length Coding for Gray-Level Pictures (1984)

This paper presents a new variable-length coding algorithm for bit-rate reduction of digital images. The coding scheme is based on the fact that by taking into account the local conditional statistics of the picture, the coding efficiency can be improved considerably. Results of computer simulations are presented in terms of picture quality and required bit rate. Simulations show that for various Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) coded pictures, coding efficiency is such that a bit rate below the entropy of the DPCM quantizer output is attained. For a 3-bit DPCM encoded picture, a bit rate of 1.64 bits/picture element is achieved.