gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Signaling Pathway Modulates Attractiveness of Host Roots to the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne hapla</i> (2012)

Infective juveniles of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla are attracted to the zone of elongation of roots where they invade the host but little is known about what directs the nematode to this region of the root. We found that Arabidopsis roots exposed to an ethylene (ET)-synthesis inhibitor attracted significantly more nematodes than control roots and that ET-overproducing mutants were less attractive. Arabidopsis seedlings with ET-insensitive mutations were generally more attractive whereas mutations resulting in constitutive signaling were less attractive. Roots of the ET-insensitive tomato mutant Never ripe (Nr) were also more attractive, indicating that ET signaling also modulated attraction of root-knot nematodes to this host. ET-insensitive mutants have longer roots due to reduced basipetal auxin transport. However, assessments of Arabidopsis mutants that differ in various aspects of the ET response suggest that components of the ET-signaling pathway directly affecting root length are not responsible for modulating root attractiveness and that other components of downstream signaling result in changes in levels of attractants or repellents for M. hapla. These signals may aid in directing this pathogen to an appropriate host and invasion site for completing its life cycle.
Soluble fibers and resistant starch ameliorate disease activity in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (2010)

The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of dietary fibers in preventing gut inflammation in interleukin‐10‐deficient (IL‐10−/−) mice. C57BL/6J wild type mice (n=90) and IL‐10−/− mice (n=185) were randomly assigned to either a control or isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with PROMITOR™ soluble corn fiber (SCF), STA‐LITE III® polydextrose (PDX), biogum (BG), pullulan, PROMITOR™ resistant starch‐75 (RS‐75), SGF&BG, RS‐75&BG and inulin (4 g fiber/100 g diet). On day 47 spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were macroscopically and histologically evaluated. The spleen and Peyer's patches (PP) were collected in sterile conditions for isolating mononuclear cells, measuring the percentages of regulatory T cells (Treg) and cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells (i.e., IL‐12, IFN‐γ; and IL‐10). Dietary supplementation with RS‐75, SCF, RS‐75&BG and inulin had a preventive effect in spontaneous colitis and ileitis and ameliorated disease activity, but only RS‐75 reduced inflammatory lesions in the MLN, ileum and colon. RS‐75, SCF and inulin significantly decreased IFN‐γ; production by effector CD4+ T cells from PP and RS‐75 increased the Treg compartment in spleen and PP. These data suggest certain soluble fibers and resistant starch may influence Treg and cytokine production to minimize gut inflammation. Supported by Tate & Lyle Health & Nutrition Sciences
The Solubility of Gases in Polyethylene:  Integral Equation Study of Standard Molecular Models (1998)

The solubility coefficients of a wide range of gases in polyethylene were calculated with a recently developed integral equation theory of gas solubility. Standard Lennard-Jones potential interactions were used for united atom models of both gas molecules and polyethylene, CH2, sites. The cross interactions were assumed to be given by the standard Bertholet relationships, and care was taken to stay within the Henry's law limit. The predictions of the theory for the solubility of low critical temperature gases in polyethylene were compared to the experimental values. The agreement was excellent, and for the cases considered, there was no justification for introducing non-Bertholet cross interactions. On the other hand, the results were found to be sensitive to the details of the CH2−CH2 interaction.
Expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) is critical for normal hematopoiesis (2000)

Gap junctions are intercellular channels, formed by individual structural units known as connexins (Cx), that allow the intercellular exchange of various messenger molecules. The finding that numbers of Cx43-type gap junctions in bone marrow are elevated during establishment and regeneration of the hematopoietic system has led to the hypothesis that expression of Cx43 is critical during the initiation of blood cell formation. To test this hypothesis, lymphoid and myeloid development were examined in mice with a targeted disruption of the gene encoding Cx43. Because Cx43-/- mice die perinatally, initial analyses were performed on Cx43-/-, Cx43+/-, and Cx43+/+ embryos and newborns. The data indicate that lack of Cx43 expression during embryogenesis compromises the terminal stages of primary T and B lymphopoiesis. Cx43-/- embryos and neonates had a reduced frequency of CD4(+) and T-cell receptor-expressing thymocytes and surface IgM(+) cells compared to their Cx43+/+ littermates. Surprisingly, Cx43+/- embryos/neonates also showed defects in B- and T-cell development similar to those observed in Cx43-/- littermates, but their hematopoietic system was normal at 4 weeks of age. However, the regeneration of lymphoid and myeloid cells was severely impaired in the Cx43+/- mice after cytoablative treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of a single Cx43 allele can affect blood cell formation. Finally, the results of reciprocal bone marrow transplants between Cx43+/+ and Cx43+/- mice and examination of hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells in vitro indicates that the primary effects of Cx43 are mediated through its expression in the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Joint multipath diversity combining and MLSE equalization (RAKE-MLSE receiver) for WCDMA systems (2002)

We present an intersymbol interference (ISI) model to the interpath interference (IPI) that occurs in a RAKE receiver when low spreading ratios are used in a DS-CDMA system. Based on the equivalent model, we propose a new RAKE receiver structure that effectively overcomes the IPI problem. The performance of the proposed RAKE-MLSE receiver is evaluated by computer simulation. Results obtained show that significant performance gains over the conventional RAKE receiver can be obtained.
The four cardinal virtues : Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, Temperance (1966)

In The Four Cardinal Virtues, Josef Pieper delivers a stimulating quartet of essays on the four cardinal virtues. He demonstrates the unsound overvaluation of moderation that has made contemporary morality a hollow convention and points out the true significance of the Christian virtues.
Study on the Noise Reduction of BLDC Fan Motor by Cogging Torque Reduction (2013)

It is very important to diminish noise source of electric motor systems that are used for home appliance area. We have studied on the noise reduction of BLDC motor, mainly focusing on reducing noise source from cogging torque. This noise source causes resonance of fan & motor systems. This study showed that the higher harmonic component of the cogging torque was the main factor for noise generation. Therefor, to reduce noise of bldc motor for refrigerator, this study suggested peanut shaped magnet which surface flux has similar sinusoidal wave form.
Switching delay variability in NMOS and PMOS PDSOI passgate circuits (2005)

Switching delays of partially-depleted SOI (PDSOI) CMOS gates are subject to variability depending on the switching history (S. Fung et al., 2000). This variability results from modulation of the threshold voltage by the floating body potential. To characterize this behavior it is important to study device response over a wide range of floating body potentials. We accomplish this by configuring NFETs and PFETs as single ended passgates driven by inverters with the input arrival times at both the source and the gate controlled independently. Representative data from a chip fabricated in an experimental 0.18 /spl mu/m PDSOI technology is presented and discussed.
Resource-Aware Just-in-Time OpenCL Compiler for Coarse-Grained FPGA Overlays (2017)

FPGA vendors have recently started focusing on OpenCL for FPGAs because of its ability to leverage the parallelism inherent to heterogeneous computing platforms. OpenCL allows programs running on a host computer to launch accelerator kernels which can be compiled at run-time for a specific architecture, thus enabling portability. However, the prohibitive compilation times (specifically the FPGA place and route times) are a major stumbling block when using OpenCL tools from FPGA vendors. The long compilation times mean that the tools cannot effectively use just-in-time (JIT) compilation or runtime performance scaling. Coarse-grained overlays represent a possible solution by virtue of their coarse granularity and fast compilation. In this paper, we present a methodology for run-time compilation of OpenCL kernels to a DSP block based coarse-grained overlay, rather than directly to the fine-grained FPGA fabric. The proposed methodology allows JIT compilation and on-demand resource-aware kernel replication to better utilize available overlay resources, raising the abstraction level while reducing compile times significantly. We further demonstrate that this approach can even be used for run-time compilation of OpenCL kernels on the ARM processor of the embedded heterogeneous Zynq device.
Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Filtering Antennas (2018)

In this paper, antennas with filtering responses for both input return loss and radiation gain, are analyzed by filter synthesis method and designed with substrate integrated waveguide resonators, to obtain better suppressions against out-of-band signals and functional array designs for practical applications.
A sialoglycoprotein from human leukocytes functions as a ligand for P-selectin. (1994)

P-selectin (CD62P), a Ca(2+)-dependent lectin expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells, functions as a receptor for myeloid and monocytoid cells. Previous reports have described a homodimeric sialoglycoprotein from human leukocytes and HL-60 cells specifically recognized by P-selectin. We describe here a panel of monoclonal antibodies prepared against high molecular weight fractions of HL-60 cell membranes. These antibodies are of IgM isotype, bind to a approximately 240-kDa protein from human leukocyte membranes which is also reactive with P-selectin. They recognize a Ca(2+)-dependent, sialidase-sensitive determinant on myeloid and monocytoid cell lines. Each antibody specifically inhibits adhesion of neutrophils or HL-60 cells to: 1) purified P-selectin, 2) thrombin-stimulated platelets, and 3) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated endothelial cells. These results suggest that the sialoglycoprotein recognized by this panel of monoclonal antibodies may function as a cell surface ligand for P-selectin.
Designing LDPC codes using cyclic shifts (2003)

This paper presents a method to construct LDPC codes by arranging cyclic shift matrices. These codes perform well at various rates for moderate code length. By substituting those cyclic shifts for their Kronecker products with small random permutations, the performance of long codes can be improved, while the structure facilitates hardware implementation.
Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in the Expression of the Kinin B1 Receptors Induced by Tissue Injury (1998)

Several cytokines and LPS regulate the population of the B1 receptors (B1Rs) for kinins; these are responsive to des-Arg9-bradykinin (BK) and Lys-des-Arg9-BK. B1R activation contributes to inflammatory vascular changes and pain. Aortic rings isolated from normal rabbits and incubated in vitro in Krebs physiological medium were used as a model of tissue injury. From a null level of response, these rings exhibit a time- and protein synthesis-dependent increase in the maximal contractile response to des-Arg9-BK. Exposure to exogenous IL-1beta or epidermal growth factor (EGF) considerably increases the process of sensitization to the kinins. Freshly isolated control aortic rings showed high mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activities (persistent activation of p38, but less prolonged for extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathways) relatively to the basal activities found in various types of cultured cells. IL-1beta or EGF further increased the activities of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase MAP kinases. The inhibitor of the p38 MAP kinase, SB 203580 (10 microM), massively (approximately 75%) and selectively inhibited the spontaneous sensitization to des-Arg9-BK over 6 h. SB 203580 also significantly reduced the development of the response to des-Arg9-BK as stimulated by IL-1 or EGF. Both spontaneous and IL-1beta-stimulated up-regulation of responsiveness to des-Arg9-BK were significantly inhibited by the MAP kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1 inhibitor PD 98059 (approximately 40%). The protein kinase inhibitors failed to inhibit protein synthesis and to acutely inhibit the contractile effect of des-Arg9-BK, suggesting that they do not influence B1 receptor transduction mechanisms. In cultured aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated with EGF, MAP kinase activation preceded B1R mRNA induction. Protein kinase inhibitors reveal the role of cell injury-controlled MAP kinase pathways, and singularly of the p38 pathway, in the induction of B1R.
The control of family size in tropical Africa (1968)

Until recently very little survey information has been available on family planning knowledge, attitudes, and practices in tropical Africa. However, within the last year some data have been released from fifteen of the eighteen surveys listed in Table 1. Most of these surveys are not strictly comparable for the wording on questions differed, as did the population to whom they were addressed.' In point of fact six sets of survey questionnaires were identical: GUF and GRF; GUEM and GUEF; the subdivisions of GRH, later described as GRH(1), GRH(2) and GRH(3); NUM and NUF(68); the NPUF surveys with (Ife), (Oyo) and (Ib-s) appended; and KUM and KUF. However, all fifteen contain broadly similar KAP questions on family planning. In most of the surveys these formed only a segment of the whole investigation; for instance the surveys conducted in Ghana and Nigeria were concerned with many aspects of fertility, family structure, and family change. Only
Stability and Delay of Zero-Forcing SDMA With Limited Feedback (2012)

This paper addresses the stability and queueing delay of space-division multiple access (SDMA) systems with bursty traffic, where zero-forcing beamforming enables simultaneous transmissions to multiple mobiles. Computing beamforming vectors relies on quantized channel state information (CSI) feedback (limited feedback) from mobiles. Define the stability region for SDMA as the set of multiuser packet-arrival rates for which the steady-state queue lengths are finite. Given perfect feedback of channel-direction information (CDI) and equal power allocation over scheduled queues, the stability region is proved to be a convex polytope having the derived vertices. A similar result is obtained for the case with perfect feedback of CDI and channel-quality information (CQI), where CQI allows scheduling and power control for enlarging the stability region. For any set of arrival rates in the stability region, multiuser queues are shown to be stabilized by the joint queue-and-beamforming control policy that maximizes the departure-rate-weighted sum of queue lengths. The stability region for limited feedback is found to be the perfect-CSI region multiplied by one minus a small factor. The required number of feedback bits per mobile is proved to scale logarithmically with the inverse of the above factor as well as linearly with the number of transmit antennas minus one. The effect of limited feedback on queueing delay is also quantified. CDI quantization errors are shown to multiply average queueing delay by a factor <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> >; 1. For given <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> → 1, the number of feedback bits per mobile is proved to be <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> (-log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (1-1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> )) .
Synthesis of Photoresponsive Spiropyran‐Based Hybrid Polymers and Controllable Light‐Triggered Self‐Assembly Study in Toluene (2013)

Abstract A series of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane end‐capped poly(spiropyran‐containing methacrylate) (POSS–PSPMA) polymers, a kind of photoresponsive hybrid polymer, are synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. It is proved that the molecular weight of POSS–PSPMA is sharply increased by raising the proportion of methanol or the concentration of the reactants. The self‐assembly behavior of POSS–PSPMA is studied in toluene: under the control of UV and visible light, POSS–PSPMA can reversibly self‐assemble into aggregates because the charged merocyanines (MC) form stacks. These MC stacks act as non‐covalent crosslinking points and POSS shell guarantees the stability of the aggregates. This system has a broad potential use in nanocarriers, especially for encapsulating and releasing polar substances in the nonpolar solvents.
Graphene K and K' States at the Dirac Point (2011)

Oleogel-S10 (Episalvan) significantly accelerated the healing of superficial partial thickness burn wounds. It was safe and well tolerated.
Virus Inactivation Mechanisms: Impact of Disinfectants on Virus Function and Structural Integrity (2012)

Oxidative processes are often harnessed as tools for pathogen disinfection. Although the pathways responsible for bacterial inactivation with various biocides are fairly well understood, virus inactivation mechanisms are often contradictory or equivocal. In this study, we provide a quantitative analysis of the total damage incurred by a model virus (bacteriophage MS2) upon inactivation induced by five common virucidal agents (heat, UV, hypochlorous acid, singlet oxygen, and chlorine dioxide). Each treatment targets one or more virus functions to achieve inactivation: UV, singlet oxygen, and hypochlorous acid treatments generally render the genome nonreplicable, whereas chlorine dioxide and heat inhibit host-cell recognition/binding. Using a combination of quantitative analytical tools, we identified unique patterns of molecular level modifications in the virus proteins or genome that lead to the inhibition of these functions and eventually inactivation. UV and chlorine treatments, for example, cause site-specific capsid protein backbone cleavage that inhibits viral genome injection into the host cell. Combined, these results will aid in developing better methods for combating waterborne and foodborne viral pathogens and further our understanding of the adaptive changes viruses undergo in response to natural and anthropogenic stressors.
Relationship between Stereochemistry and the β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenoceptor Agonistic Activity of 4‘-Hydroxynorephedrine Derivative as an Agent for Treatment of Frequent Urination and Urinary Incontinence (2002)

This report proposes a beta(3)-adrenoceptor (AR) selective agonist, 2-[2-chloro-4-(2-([(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino)ethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid (1a), as a novel agent for treating urinary bladder dysfunction. This compound and its relatives have a unique feature among beta(3)-AR agonists: two chiral carbons are adjacently structured on the left side of the molecule. To study the relationship between the stereoconfiguration of the vicinal chiral carbons in 1a and beta-AR agonistic activity, the four stereoisomers were synthesized via oxazolidinone prepared by intracyclization involving inversion of the beta-hydroxy group. The in vitro assays using rat atria for beta(1)-AR, rat uteri for beta(2)-AR, and ferret detrusor for beta(3)-AR showed that 1a possessed potent beta(3)-AR agonistic activity (EC(50) = 3.85 nM) and 3700- and 1700-fold selectivity for beta(3)-AR relative to beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR, respectively. Comparison of the four isomers revealed that the (alphaS,betaR)-compound (1a) was not only the most potent agonist but was also the most selective for beta(3)-AR. In the anesthetized rat, intravenous administration of 1a brought about a sufficient decrement of the intrabladder pressure (ED(50) = 12 microg/kg), and intraduodenal administration of 2a, which is the ethyl ester of 1a, led to same result (ED(50) = 0.65 mg/kg). Moreover, no effects on the cardiovascular system were observed in either test.
Nitration of pyrimidine bases and nucleotides by nitronium tetrafluoroborate. Synthesis of 5-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitration of pyrimidine bases and nucleotides by nitronium tetrafluoroborate. Synthesis of 5-nitro-2'-deoxyuridineGuang-Fu Huang and Paul F. TorrenceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 24, 3821–3824Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00444a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (637 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Preparation of chiral allylic alcohols using <i>Rhizopus</i><i>nigricans</i>. Use of the Harada–Nakanishi exciton chirality method for verifying configurational assignments of allylic alcohols (1987)

A series of (R) acyclic and cyclic allylic alcohols was prepared by enantioselective hydrolysis of acetates using Rhizopusnigricans. The configurations of the alcohols formed were established by chemical methods and, in the case of 1,2-benzocyclohepta-1,3-dien-5-yl camphanate, by X-ray crystallography. In conjunction with the Harada–Nakanishi rule, the chiroptical properties of the p-bromobenzoate esters were used to verify configurations tentatively assigned from their method of preparation.