gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminosulf(ox)ides as Ligands for Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (2000)

A new class of efficient catalysts was developed for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unsymmetrical ketones. A series of chiral N,S-chelates (6-22) was synthesized to serve as ligands in the iridium(I)-catalyzed reduction of ketones. Both formic acid and 2-propanol proved to be suitable as hydrogen donors. Sulfoxidation of an (R)-cysteine-based aminosulfide provided a diastereomeric ligand family containing a chiral sulfur atom. The two chiral centers of these ligands showed a clear effect of chiral cooperativity. In addition, aminosulfides containing two asymmetric carbon atoms in the backbone were synthesized. Both the sulfoxide-containing beta-amino alcohols and the aminosulfides derived from 1,2-disubstituted amino alcohols gave rise to high reaction rates and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities in the reduction of various ketones. The enantioselective outcome of the reaction was favorably affected by selecting the most appropriate hydrogen donor. Enantioselectivities of up to 97% were reached in the reduction of aryl-alkyl ketones.
Characteristics of a pyrimidine-specific 5'-nucleotidase in human erythrocytes. (1975)

A 5'-nucleotidase with unique specificity has been identified in the soluble fraction of normal human erythrocytes. It mediates the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of pyrimidine 5'-ribosemonophosphates but is catalytically ineffective with purine nucleotides or with the 2'-, 3'-, or cyclic isomers of pyrimidine nucleotides. Activities at 37 degrees in dialyzed hemolysates of nromal human erythrocytes averaged 7.3 and 6.2 mumol of Pi liberated per hour per g of hemoglobin for the substrates UMP and CMP, respectively. Activity with TMP as substrate was approximately one-half as much as with UMP or CMP. Apparent Michaelis constants were 0.33 mM UMP, 0.15 mM CMP, and 1.0 mM TMP. Magnesium was required for optimal activity, and this cation could not be replaced by Mn2+. Maximum activity was obtained between pH 7.0 and 7.5 with rapid decreases in more alkaline media and moderate decreases with acidification. The enzyme was quite sensitive to heat and was strongly inhibited by AMP, by some purine bases, and by both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. Divalent cations of heavy metals were also strongly inhibitory, as were agents active against sulfhydryl groups. The presence of substrates and/or 2-mercaptoethanol provided considerable protection against some of these deleterious agents and conditions. Pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase activity in hemolysates was clearly distinguishable from erythrocyte acid phosphatase and from leukocyte and serum alkaline phosphatases and nucleotidases.
RAB-10 Regulates Glutamate Receptor Recycling in a Cholesterol-dependent Endocytosis Pathway (2007)

Regulated endocytosis of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) is critical for synaptic plasticity. However, the specific combination of clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms that mediate AMPAR trafficking in vivo have not been fully characterized. Here, we examine the trafficking of the AMPAR subunit GLR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. GLR-1 is localized on synaptic membranes, where it regulates reversals of locomotion in a simple behavioral circuit. Animals lacking RAB-10, a small GTPase required for endocytic recycling of intestinal cargo, are similar in phenotype to animals lacking LIN-10, a postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens-domain containing protein: GLR-1 accumulates in large accretions and animals display a decreased frequency of reversals. Mutations in unc-11 (AP180) or itsn-1 (Intersectin 1), which reduce clathrin-dependent endocytosis, suppress the lin-10 but not rab-10 mutant phenotype, suggesting that LIN-10 functions after clathrin-mediated endocytosis. By contrast, cholesterol depletion, which impairs lipid raft formation and clathrin-independent endocytosis, suppresses the rab-10 but not the lin-10 phenotype, suggesting that RAB-10 functions after clathrin-independent endocytosis. Animals lacking both genes display additive GLR-1 trafficking defects. We propose that RAB-10 and LIN-10 recycle AMPARs from intracellular endosomal compartments to synapses along distinct pathways, each with distinct sensitivities to cholesterol and the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery.
The impact of neighbourhood size on the accuracy of cellular automata-based urban modelling (2016)

Cellular automata are discrete dynamic models in which behaviour is specified in terms of local relations. This technique has recently been advantageously applied to modelling of the urban development process. However, the behaviour of the model is affected by spatial scale, including cell size and neighbourhood extent. Therefore, it is important to examine the impacts of various neighbourhood scales on the model’s behaviour and outcome. In this paper we configured a cellular automata model of urban growth in Sydney, Australia, using three different neighbourhood scales: a small neighbourhood of 1.5 cells radius, a moderate neighbourhood of 2.5 cells radius and a large neighbourhood of 3.5 cells radius, all with a fixed cell size of 250 metres. The moderate neighbourhood scale of 2.5 cells radius was found to best reflect those local mechanisms that have the most direct impact on urban development in Sydney. Hence this paper provides a useful reference in the search for a neighbourhood size that is suitable for cellular automata-based modelling of the processes of urban development.
Single-photon emission from localized excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor (2015)

Single-photon sources are basic building blocks for quantum communications, processing, and metrology. Solid-state quantum emitters in semiconductors have the potential for robust and reliable generation of photons, and atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, are a promising new class of two-dimensional semiconductors with a direct optical bandgap in the visible or near-IR. Here, we observe bright and stable single-photon emission from localized excitons in a monolayer of tungsten diselenide (WSe2). The emitters appear at the edges of the flakes and are linearly polarized. The spectral width of their emission is below 120 μeV in a freestanding WSe2 monolayer. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy reveals the excitonic nature of the emitters and provides evidence that these single excitons originate from free excitons trapped in local potential wells at the edges of the atomically thin flakes. We find that the emitters can also be deterministically created by scratching the WSe2 monolayer. Their excellent spectral stability implies that these localized single-photon emitters could find application in optoelectronics. Our results light the way to single exciton physics and quantum optics with atomically thin semiconductors.
A prediction-correction scheme for forcing alveolar gases along certain time courses (1982)

A computerized prediction-correction scheme has been devised for the control of alveolar gases. First, a model is run off-line to predict the inspiratory gas tensions at each second that should yield the desired alveolar patterns. Second, during the experiment, there is feedback correction based on the deviation of the actual alveolar values from the desired alveolar values. The actual alveolar values are found by a second computer and passed to the controlling computer using interrupts. The controlling computer has four digital-toi-analog outputs for controlling CO2, O2, N2, and air flows so as to achieve the commanded inspiratory PCO2 and PO2 (CO2 and O2 partial pressures, respectively). The scheme is illustrated for the generation of sinusoidal alveolar PCO2 with alveolar PO2 held constant and for steps of alveolar PCO2 at constant alveolar PO2.
High performance EUV multilayer structures insensitive to capping layer optical parameters (2008)

We have designed and tested a-periodic multilayer structures containing protective capping layers in order to obtain improved stability with respect to any possible changes of the capping layer optical properties (due to oxidation and contamination, for example)-while simultaneously maximizing the EUV reflection efficiency for specific applications, and in particular for EUV lithography. Such coatings may be particularly useful in EUV lithographic apparatus, because they provide both high integrated photon flux and higher stability to the harsh operating environment, which can affect seriously the performance of the multilayer-coated projector system optics. In this work, an evolutive algorithm has been developed in order to design these a-periodic structures, which have been proven to have also the property of stable performance with respect to random layer thickness errors that might occur during coating deposition. Prototypes have been fabricated, and tested with EUV and X-ray reflectometry, and secondary electron spectroscopy. The experimental results clearly show improved performance of our new a-periodic coatings design compared with standard periodic multilayer structures.
Thermal Bonding of Polypropylene Fibers (1989)

The thermomechanical processes that occur during thermal bonding of isotactic polypropylene are discussed. Each process is described and the magnitude of each effect estimated. The results suggest that flow is important to the formation of a good bond. Flow is facilitated by line pressure and is an important means of heat transfer to the center of the bond. Conductive heat transfer is limited. Deformation heating is small, but not negligible. Solidification of polymer that has been melted and forced to flow leads to mechanical entanglement. The Clapeyron effect is invoked to suggest that only a limited amount of melting occurs under high pressures. Diffusion, estimated using Reptation Theory, does not seem to be an important process in thermal bonding. Fabric strength is limited by the thermomechanical history of polymer at the bond perimeter.
Investigation on Steelmaking with Hot Metal Containing Low Silicon Content in Large Converter (2005)

There are some problems in steelmaking with hot metal containing low silicon content such as difficulty in slag formation, less slag for dephosphorization and slag adhesion on oxygen lance and hood. To overcome these problems, experiments were conducted and some improvements were obtained, such as adding appropriate flux,increasing the lance position slightly during steelmaking and using effective multi-outlet nozzle. Moreover, to keep normal heating rate, the ore and scrap charge should be reduced due to less chemical heat input in steelmaking.
An Algorithm for Selecting an Optimum Set of Diagnostic Tests (1965)

In the design of combinational diagnostic testing procedure for a large digital system, some redundant tests are expected. This paper describes an algorithm for selecting a good (locally optimized) set of diagnostic tests which contains no redundancy. The algorithm will in general tend to give a ``fairly good'' set of test patterns, but is not guaranteed to be absolutely minimal. An overall optimization scheme is desirable but seems impractical [1]. The procedure described can be used either to yield a set of diagnostics which loses no resolution from the full set, or to yield a smaller set with some loss in resolution.
Enhanced performance of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based organic light-emitting devices with LiF/Mg:Ag/Ag cathode (2005)

The device characteristics of organic light-emitting devices based on tris-(8-hydroxyqunoline) aluminum devices with LiF/Mg:Ag/Ag cathodes were investigated. The devices with Mg:Ag/Ag, LiF/Al and Al-only cathodes were also fabricated in the same run for comparison. Similar to the LiF/Al cathodes, the LiF/Mg:Ag/Ag cathode greatly improved the performance of the device over the Mg:Ag/Ag cathode. A LiF layer of 0.5 nm significantly enhanced the electron injection and resulted in lower turn-on voltage and increased device efficiency. The turn-on voltage of the device with 0.5 nm LiF as buffered layer is as low as 2.8 V. At injection current density of 20 mA/cm2, the current efficiency and power efficiency of the device is 5.56 cd/A and 1.94 lm/W, respectively. Compared to the device with Mg:Ag/Ag only cathode, the turn-on voltage is 1.6 V lower, the current efficiency improved by 75 %, and power efficiency is almost double. The performance of the device is also much improved over the device with LiF/Al cathode.
Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate in Hyperkalemia (2014)

Patients with hyperkalemia who received ZS-9, as compared with those who received placebo, had a significant reduction in potassium levels at 48 hours, with normokalemia maintained during 12 days of maintenance therapy. (Funded by ZS Pharma; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01737697.).
New Neplanocin Analogues. 7. Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 2-Halo Derivatives of Neplanocin A (1996)

The syntheses and the antiviral activities of 2-halo derivatives of neplanocin A (1b,c), (6'R)-6'-C-methylneplanocin A (2b), and dehydroxymethylneplanocin A (3b,c) are described. SN2 reaction of the known cyclopentenyl units 12 and 13 with 2-haloadenines under basic conditions gave the protected carbocyclic nucleosides 14b,c and 15b,c, respectively. Starting from the cyclopentenone derivative 5, the optically active tosyloxycyclopentene derivative 11 was prepared, which was similarly condensed with 2-fluoroadenine to give the protected (6'R)-6'-C-methyl derivative 16b. Deprotection of these compounds afforded the target 2-halo derivatives of neplanocin A. Of these new compounds, 2-fluoroneplanocin A (1b) showed an antiviral potency and a spectrum that was comparable to that of neplanocin A (1a). It was particularly active against vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, parainfluenza virus, reovirus, arenaviruses (Junin, Tacaribe), and human cytomegalovirus, i.e., those viruses that fall within the purview of the S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors.
From SET to PSET--The Pseudonymous Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol (2001)

Credit cards have been the dominant payment method in e-commerce during the past years and it is not expected that this is going to change soon. However, credit card payments as used today are not suited for anonymous or pseudonymous payments. Credit card payments disclose the identity of a customer to the merchant and the issuer of the credit card knows exactly where the customer makes payments. The Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol makes credit card payments over the Internet more secure, but it does not much to protect the privacy of the customer. In this report, we present the Pseudonymous Secure Electronic Transaction (PSET) protocol. PSET is an extension of SET and enables pseudonymous credit card payments over the Internet. Pseudonymous payments mean that none of the involved parties in the payment process can learn the identities of both the customer and the merchant at the same time. This is achieved by distributing the knowledge of the whole transaction among the involved parties. On the other hand, PSET guarantees that it is not possible for any of the involved parties to cheat and that it is possible to unambiguously resolve the identity of a pseudonymous customer in case of a dispute.
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) antagonist attenuates adjuvant induced arthritis: role of CRH in peripheral inflammation. (2002)

Systemic blockade of CRH-RI appeared to predominantly block peripheral proinflammatory effects of immune CRH, rather than the systemic glucocorticoid mediated antiinflammatory effects of hypothalamic CRH. Results indicate that chronic treatment with a CRH antagonist attenuates progressive inflammation induced degeneration of synovia, cartilage, and bone in arthritic joints, suggesting that antalarmin may have therapeutic potential in treatment of human autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Fabrication of graphene devices for infrared detection (2010)

Researchers have been looking for novel materials to improve the performance of photonic devices. Graphene has great potential to optoelectronic applications because of its excellent optical properties. Here, we demonstrate using the graphene-based photodetectors for infrared detection under a zero-bias operation. We have demonstrated to use an electric-field-assisted method to manipulate graphene flake between metal microelectrodes successfully without the electron beam lithography. The devices are made from few-layer-graphene and multi-layer-graphene which are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The size of the graphene flake can be as large as 15 μm × 15 μm. The obtained results demonstrate high potential applications of the electric-field-assisted technique and nano assembly to fabricate graphene-based infrared photodetectors.
Fast progressive image retrieval schemes based on updating enhanced equal-average equal-variance K nearest neighbour search in vector quantised feature database (2007)

This paper concerns with the problem of how to retrieve the images similar to the query image as fast as possible. The feature space is vector quantized to obtain several clusters, each cluster being denoted by a codeword. The feature vectors in each cluster are sorted in the ascending order of their mean values. The online image retrieval for a given query image is then progressively performed from its nearest cluster to its farthest cluster to find the first K nearest neighbors of the query feature vector as soon as possible. Experimental results show that the proposed retrieval methods can largely speed up the retrieval process.
Transfer and expression of an organophosphate insecticide-degrading gene from Pseudomonas in Drosophila melanogaster. (1990)

The organophosphorus acid hydrolases represent a distinct class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of organophosphate substrates, including many insecticides and their structural analogues. The plasmid-borne opd gene of Pseudomonas diminuta strain MG specifies an organophosphorus acid hydrolase, a phosphotriesterase, that has been well characterized and can hydrolyze a broad spectrum of insect and mammalian neurotoxins. The in situ functioning of this enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates has been analyzed directly in insects by transferring the opd gene into embryos of Drosophila melanogaster by P element-mediated transformation. The chromosomal locations of this stably inherited transgenic locus differed from strain to strain and demonstrated various expressivity on the whole-insect basis. Transcriptional induction of opd in one of these strains under control of the Drosophila heat shock promoter, hsp70, resulted in the synthesis of stable active enzyme that accumulated to high levels with repeated induction. The heat shock-induced synthesis of organophosphorus acid hydrolases in transgenic flies conferred enhanced resistance to toxic paralysis by the organophosphate insecticide paraoxon.
The impact of FFT size on the performance of a combined OFDM-equalization radio modem (2003)

Conventional OFDM systems employ a guard interval to combat delay spread distortion of transmitted data. This reduces the efficiency of the OFDM transmission. A combined OFDM-equalization transmission strategy is presented in this paper. This strategy employs an adaptive equalizer to combat delay spread distortion instead of a guard interval. This facilitates the use of very short guard intervals and thus the efficiency of the OFDM transmission is improved. This paper presents the combined OFDM-equalization techique and demonstrates the efficiency improvement that it offers over conventional OFDM. The performance of the pre-FFT equalizer is sensitive to time variation of the mobile radio channel's impulse response. Software simulation is employed to analyze this sensitivity and a relationship is determined between performance and FFT size. The results are considered in the context of application to existing and future mobile radio systems.
Orbital Infusion of Steroids in the Rabbit (1970)

Qualitative distribution studies by periocular injection of radiopaque media demonstrate the preferability of retrobulbar injection to the other evaluated routes of drug administration. In comparative steroid uptake studies by the dual radioisotope technique, ocular uptake of orbitally introduced cortisol was greater than that of intravenously introduced cortisol. These studies indicate the feasibility of this method for maximal therapy in the posterior eye.
A Universal Intelligent System-on-Chip Based Sensor Interface (2010)

The need for real-time/reliable/low-maintenance distributed monitoring systems, e.g., wireless sensor networks, has been becoming more and more evident in many applications in the environmental, agro-alimentary, medical, and industrial fields. The growing interest in technologies related to sensors is an important indicator of these new needs. The design and the realization of complex and/or distributed monitoring systems is often difficult due to the multitude of different electronic interfaces presented by the sensors available on the market. To address these issues the authors propose the concept of a Universal Intelligent Sensor Interface (UISI), a new low-cost system based on a single commercial chip able to convert a generic transducer into an intelligent sensor with multiple standardized interfaces. The device presented offers a flexible analog and/or digital front-end, able to interface different transducer typologies (such as conditioned, unconditioned, resistive, current output, capacitive and digital transducers). The device also provides enhanced processing and storage capabilities, as well as a configurable multi-standard output interface (including plug-and-play interface based on IEEE 1451.3). In this work the general concept of UISI and the design of reconfigurable hardware are presented, together with experimental test results validating the proposed device.
Energetic and rate effects of the trifluoromethyl group at C-2 and C-4 on the aliphatic Claisen rearrangement (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergetic and rate effects of the trifluoromethyl group at C-2 and C-4 on the aliphatic Claisen rearrangementJoseph J. Gajewski, Kyle R. Gee, and J. JurayjCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 6, 1813–1822Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00293a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1984Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts