gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Count of Corn Plants Using Images Taken by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Cross Correlation of Templates (2020)

The number of plants, or planting density, is a key factor in corn crop yield. The objective of the present research work was to count corn plants using images obtained by sensors mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). An experiment was set up with five levels of nitrogen fertilization (140, 200, 260, 320 and 380 kg/ha) and four replicates, resulting in 20 experimental plots. The images were taken at 23, 44 and 65 days after sowing (DAS) at a flight altitude of 30 m, using two drones equipped with RGB sensors of 12, 16 and 20 megapixels (Canon PowerShot S100_5.2, Sequoia_4.9, DJI FC6310_8.8). Counting was done through normalized cross-correlation (NCC) for four, eight and twelve plant samples or templates in the a* channel of the CIELAB color space because it represented the green color that allowed plant segmentation. A mean precision of 99% was obtained for a pixel size of 0.49 cm, with a mean error of 2.2% and a determination coefficient of 0.90 at 44 DAS. Precision values above 91% were obtained at 23 and 44 DAS, with a mean error between plants counted digitally and visually of ±5.4%. Increasing the number of samples or templates in the correlation estimation improved the counting precision. Good precision was achieved in the first growth stages of the crop when the plants do not overlap and there are no weeds. Using sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles, it is possible to determine the emergence of seedlings in the field and more precisely evaluate planting density, having more accurate information for better management of corn fields.
Measurement of gas temperature and OH density in the afterglow of pulsed positive corona discharge (2008)

The gas temperature and OH density in the afterglow of pulsed positive corona discharge are measured using the laser-induced predissociation fluorescence (LIPF) of OH radicals. Discharge occurs in a 13 mm point-to-plane gap in an atmospheric-pressure H2O(2.8%)/O2(2.0%)/N2 mixture. The temperature measurement shows that (i) the temperature increases after discharge and (ii) the temperature near the anode tip (within 1 mm from the anode tip) is much higher than that of the rest of the discharge volume. Near the anode tip, the temperature increases from 500 K (t = 0 µs) to 1100 K (t = 20 µs), where t is the postdischarge time, while it increases from 400 K (t = 0 µs) to 700 K (t = 100 µs) in the rest of the discharge volume away from the anode tip. This temperature difference between the two volumes (near and far from the anode tip) causes a difference in the decay rate of OH density: OH density near the anode tip decays approximately 10 times slower than that far from the tip. The spatial distribution of OH density shows good agreement with that of the secondary streamer luminous intensity. This shows that OH radicals are mainly produced in the secondary streamer, not in the primary one.
Diphencyprone in the treatment of alopecia areata (1983)

27 patients suffering from either extensive alopecia areata (n = 5) or alopecia totalis (n = 22) were treated topically with diphencyprone, a new potent contact allergen. The duration of treatment ranged from 4 to 17 months. Unilateral induction of hair growth after unilateral treatment was observed in 23 patients. A continuous response after continuous treatment has been observed so far in 18 of these patients. Thus, diphencyprone was found to be as effective as DNCB or squaric acid dibutylester in the treatment of alopecia areata. Unlike DNCB, diphencyprone is not mutagenic in the Ames test. Compared with squaric acid dibutylester, diphencyprone is more stable and thus more suitable for storage when dissolved in acetone. Further investigative evaluation of diphencyprone may show whether this drug is suitable for a more general use in the treatment of severe forms of alopecia areata.
P-element-induced control mutations at the r gene of Drosophila melanogaster. (1985)

The P-M hybrid dysgenesis system was used to produce five putative regulatory mutations at the rudimentary locus, r. All five mutations were the result of insertions at the 5' end of the gene, upstream of the proposed start of transcription. All of the mutants displayed a leaky wing phenotype, and four of the mutants showed an uncoupling of the wing and female-sterility phenotypes, suggesting that they altered the normal spatial and temporal expression of the r gene. Four of the insertions were P elements. The fifth insertion, which was larger than an intact P element, consisted of a small P element connected to non-P-element DNA. Two of the mutants produced very little r transcript in adult females and were clustered 80 to 150 base pairs upstream of the start of transcription. The other three mutants had higher levels of r transcript in adult females and were clustered 440 to 500 base pairs upstream of the start of transcription. All of the data suggest that the insertions are in a 5' noncoding region of the r gene involved in the control of its spatial and temporal expression.
A unified framework for managing provenance information in translational research (2011)

The SPF provides a unified framework to effectively manage provenance of translational research data during pre and post-publication phases. This framework is underpinned by an upper-level provenance ontology called Provenir that is extended to create domain-specific provenance ontologies to facilitate provenance interoperability, seamless propagation of provenance, automated querying, and analysis.
Uptake of antineuronal IgM by CNS neurons (1990)

We examined the axonal transport of monoclonal IgM that binds to Thy 1.1, a glycoprotein component of the neuronal and synaptic plasma membrane, in the rat, using immunohistochemical techniques. IgM immunoreactivity appeared in neurons 1 to 2 days following injection in their terminal fields. Several neural pathways supported retrograde axonal transport of IgM, including facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, and thalamic projections. Although the IgM studied had a greater affinity for Thy 1.1 than the IgG, IgM axonal transport was more difficult to detect than axonal transport of IgG, suggesting that IgM undergoes retrograde axonal transport less readily than IgG. An increase in intraneuronal IgM may serve as an index of the action of antineuronal IgM at the presynaptic membrane, and intraneuronal IgM may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of some types of motor neuron disease and neuropathy.
Combined Kalman Filter and Multifeature Fusion Siamese Network for Real-Time Visual Tracking (2019)

SiamFC has a simple network structure and can be pretrained offline on a large data set, so it has attracted the attention of many researchers. It has no online learning process at all. Hence, there are no good solutions for some complex tracking scenarios such as occlusion and large target deformation. For this problem, we propose a method using the Kalman filter method and fusion multiresolution features and get multiple response scores. The Kalman filter acquires the target's trajectory information, which is used to process complex tracking scenes and to change the selection method of the search area. This also enables our tracker to stably track fast moving targets.The introduction of the Kalman filter compensates for the shortcomings that SiamFC can only track offline, and the tracking network has an online learning process. The fusion of multiresolution features to obtain multiple response scores map helps the tracker to obtain robust features that can be adapted to a variety of tracking targets. Our proposed method has reached the state-of-the-art in testing on five data sets and can be run in real time (40 fps), including OTB2013, OTB2015, OTB50, VOT2015 and VOT 2016.
A unifying model for software quality (2011)

Assuring high quality of software is crucial, but a highly complex topic. It is intermingled with most disciplines of software engineering, which have developed their own quality assurance approaches. However, they lack a common foundation, which leads to loss of information between the disciplines and requires additional tracking effort. There is no comprehensive framework to describe all different concepts relating to software quality in a common way. In this paper we present a general quality model, providing the possibility to describe very different concepts related to quality. We show that our quality model is able to integrate the various concepts found in standards, quality models, guidelines, and static code checker rules. Furthermore, we show that the quality model is able to describe the interrelations of disciplines, like requirements engineering and software test, to software quality. With this quality model, we provide a common foundation for concepts related to software quality, enabling consistency and continuity of quality-related information during software development.
<i>MYC</i> translocation‐negative classical Burkitt lymphoma cases: an alternative pathogenetic mechanism involving miRNA deregulation (2008)

The molecular feature of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the translocation that places c-Myc under the control of immunoglobulin gene regulatory elements. However, there is accumulating evidence that some cases may lack an identifiable MYC translocation. In addition, during the EUROFISH project, aiming at the standardization of FISH procedures in lymphoma diagnosis, we found that five cases out of 35 classic endemic BLs were negative for MYC translocations by using a split-signal as well as a dual-fusion probe. Here we investigated the expression pattern of miRNAs predicted to target c-Myc, in BL cases, to clarify whether alternative pathogenetic mechanisms may be responsible for lymphomagenesis in cases lacking the MYC translocation. miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that are able to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Several studies have reported their involvement in cancer and their association with fragile sites in the genome. They have also been shown to control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, suggesting that these molecules could act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. Our results demonstrated a modulation of specific miRNAs. In particular, down-regulation of hsa-let-7c was observed in BL cases, compared to normal controls. More interestingly, hsa-mir-34b was found to be down-regulated only in BL cases that were negative for MYC translocation, suggesting that this event might be responsible for c-Myc deregulation in such cases. This hypothesis was further confirmed by our in vitro experiments, which demonstrated that increasing doses of synthetic hsa-mir-34b were able to modulate c-Myc expression. These results indicate for the first time that hsa-mir-34b may influence c-Myc expression in Burkitt lymphoma as the more common aberrant control exercised by the immunoglobulin enhancer locus.
β-1,3-Endoglucanase from Soybean Releases Elicitor-Active Carbohydrates from Fungus Cell Walls (1983)

Two enzymes from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Harosoy 63) cotyledons released elicitor-active carbohydrates from cell walls of the phytopathogenic fungus Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea. They were identified as isoenzymes of beta-1,3-endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) with isoelectric points of pH 8.7 and 10.5. The pI 10.5 enzyme was extracted in the greatest amount and was isolated as a homogeneous protein of about 33,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfategel electrophoresis. The purified enzymes hydrolyzed several beta-1,3-glucans in a strictly random manner, but degraded neither beta-1,6- nor beta-1,4-glucans.
Hydrazine and Hydrogen Coinjection to Mitigate Stress Corrosion Cracking of Structural Materials in Boiling Water Reactors (VII)—Effects of Bulk Water Chemistry on ECP Distribution inside a Crack (2007)

Water chemistry in a simulated crack (crack) has been studied to understand the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking in a boiling water reactor environment. Electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) in a crack made in an austenite type 304 stainless steel specimen was measured. The ECP distribution along the simulated crack was strongly affected by bulk water chemistry and bulk flow. When oxygen concentration was high in the bulk water, the potential difference between the crack tip and the outside of the crack (ΔE), which must be one motive force for crack growth, was about 0.3V under a stagnant condition. When oxygen was removed from the bulk water, ECP inside and outside the crack became low and uniform and ΔE became small. The outside ECP was also lowered by depositing platinum on the steel specimen surface and adding stoichiometrically excess hydrogen to oxygen to lower ΔE. This was effective only when bulk water did not flow. Under the bulk water flow condition, water-borne oxygen caused an increase in ECP on the untreated surface inside the crack. This also caused a large ΔE. The ΔE effect was confirmed by crack growth rate measurements with a catalyst-treated specimen. Therefore, lowering the bulk oxidant concentration by such measures as hydrazine hydrogen coinjection, which is currently under development, is important for suppressing the crack growth.
Media strategy vs. content strategy in online advertising: Exploring the influence of consumers' goal-directedness for web navigation (2007)

As the Internet grows rapidly, how online media can be best utilized for advertising purposes increases its importance. Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), this research incorporates consumers’ goal-directedness for Web navigation as an important moderator influencing the success of online advertising strategies. Using the lab experiment approach, results of this research not only support the perspective of the ELM but also show how both advertising strategies (media/content) should be designed and implemented in accordance with consumers’ goal-directedness for Web navigation to achieve maximum advertising effectiveness. Results of this research demonstrate the uniqueness of the online media and also remind future researchers of the importance of goal-directness for Web navigation and consumer involvement in the online advertising context.
<title>Scattered light in photolithographic lenses</title> (1994)

Scattered light, flare, is present in the images formed by all photolithography lenses and it reduces lithographic process tolerances. It varies from lens to lens and with time, but is easily measured by observation of images of opaque objects formed in positive photoresist. The scattered light halo of a lens is modeled and the model used to estimate the flare for any reticle used with that lens.
Poor Performing Patterns of Code: Analysis and Detection (2007)

Software maintenance is a way to optimize software performances, but for huge code source's softwares, this maintenance may be very complex. The aim of our work is to detect suspected poor performing patterns in source code and to measure their performances, in order to state in which contexts they need to be refactored. We present the context of our work and our pattern analysis approach. We explain the reason why we have to establish a link between static analysis for pattern detection in source code and dynamic analysis for performance measurement in the corresponding executed instructions. This link will allow us to identify which set pattern instances really need to be refactored, expected to be restricted with respect to the large set and are instances encountered in the source code.
Ligament Reconstruction for the Painful Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint (1973)

Eighteen patients who underwent a new ligament reconstruction procedure for painful, unstable thumb carpometacarpal joints were studied. The condition was principally of idiopathic or post-traumatic origin. Reconstruction was done only when splinting and anti-inflammatory regimens had failed. Results were directly related to the extent of articular degeneration. Restoration of strength, mobility, and freedom from pain were better if surgery was performed before significant articular damage was noted on roentgenograms. Stages of joint degeneration are described, and the prognosis for ligament reconstruction at each stage is documented.
Infant Sleep After Immunization: Randomized Controlled Trial of Prophylactic Acetaminophen (2011)

If further research confirms the relationship between time of day of vaccine administration, increased sleep duration after immunization, and antibody responses, then our findings suggest that afternoon immunizations should be recommended to facilitate increased sleep in the 24 hours after immunization, regardless of acetaminophen administration.
Interaction with phospholipid bilayers, ion channel formation, and antimicrobial activity of basic amphipathic alpha-helical model peptides of various chain lengths. (1991)

Basic amphipathic alpha-helical peptides Ac-(Leu-Ala-Arg-Leu)3 or 4-NHCH3 (4(3) or 4(4)) and H-(Leu-Ala-Arg-Leu)3-(Leu-Arg-Ala-Leu)2 or 3-OH (4(5) or 4(6)) were synthesized and studied in terms of their interactions with phospholipid membranes, biological activity, and ion channel-forming ability. CD study of the peptides showed that they form alpha-helical structures in the presence of phospholipid liposomes and thus they have amphipathic distribution of the side chains along the axis of the helix. A leakage study of carboxyfluorescein encapsulated in phospholipid vesicles indicated that the peptides possess a highly potent ability to perturb the membrane structure. Membrane current measurements using the planar lipid bilayer technique revealed that the peptide 4(6), which was long enough to span the lipid bilayer in the alpha-helical structure, formed cation-selective ion channels at a concentration of 0.5 microM in a planar diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer. In contrast, other shorter peptides failed to form discrete and stable channels though they occasionally induced an increase in the membrane current with erratic conductance levels. The probability of detecting a conductance increase was in the order of 4(6) greater than 4(5) greater than 4(4) greater than 4(3), which corresponds to the order of the peptide chain lengths. Furthermore, 4(6) but not 4(5) showed an antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The structure of ion channels formed by 4(6) and the relationship between the peptide chain length and biological activity of the synthetic peptides are discussed.
Indaziflam - a new herbicide for pre-emergent control of weeds in turf, forestry, industrial vegetation and ornamentals. (2011)

Indaziflam is a new pre-emergent herbicide under development for the control of weeds in turf, forestry, industrial vegetation and ornamentals. Indaziflam inhibits cellulose biosynthesis in plants. It belongs to the alkylazine group of herbicides. In turf, C4 warm-season turfgrass species generally have good tolerance to indaziflam. In forestry plantations, indaziflam can be applied pre- or post-planting to Pinus species and post-planting to Eucalyptus species. Indaziflam has been in field development in Australia since 2005. Indaziflam is used at a low rate ranging between 50 and 150g a.i./ha. Indaziflam has favourable human health and ecological profiles.
Passage three : global warming - the lagoon of the vanishing fish (2006)

The 1 World Manga series offers a premise where the hero must grapple with social problems of a global magnitude that are set in the real world. This joint World Bank/VIZ Media series targets youth readers with engaging stories that introduce the reader to important topics in development. Each volume focuses issues like poverty, HIV/AIDS, the environment, child soldiers, girls' education, and corruption. The series concerns the coming-of-age tale of an orphaned teenager, Rei, who dreams of becoming the greatest fighter in the world! Rei's trainer takes the form of various animals and, much to Rei's disappointment, strives to develop his student's mind, heart, and spirit more than his fighting technique. The stakes get higher when Rei meets a young woman fighting just to survive! Can Rei vanquish the specter of poverty?
Haemophilus influenzae Infections in Adults: Characterization of Strains by Serotypes, Biotypes, and  -Lactamase Production (1981)

One hundred three cases of bacteremia or meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae in adults were evaluated. Among 96 episodes of bacteremia, 60% were due to pneumonia and 15% to genital-related infections; 10% had no apparent source of infection. Of 42 isolates serotyped in routine fashion by slide agglutination, 79% were reported as type b. In contrast, of 45 isolates from the same interval with confirmed serotyping (usually by counterimmunoelectrophoresis), only 29% were type b and 64% were nontypable; 26% had been misidentified by routine slide agglutination. The majority (85%) of confirmed typable strains were biotype I. Four (40%) of 10 nontypable obstetrical isolates belonged to the relatively rare biotype IV. Only 2% of isolates were ampicillin-resistant, despite a high resistance rate among pediatric isolates in the same communities. When serotyping is carefully performed, nontypable organisms appear to be the major cause of invasive H. influenzae disease in adults.
SPRAY DRYING—The Unit Operation Today (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSPRAY DRYING—The Unit Operation TodayKeith. MastersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1968, 60, 10, 53–63Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50706a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50706a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views928Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optical phase division multiplexing for local communications applications (1989)

A local fiber bus system is described wherein many users sequentially phase-modulate the output of a single light source. Since the modulated signal has a constant envelope, optical amplifiers can be used to boost the signal power along the bus to a level sufficient for reliable detection. Also, since a single laser source is used, a higher quality device (for example, with small linewidth) is more readily affordable. This system is analyzed to determine the limits of performance due to noise. The analysis indicates that many wideband signals could be accommodated if noise sources only, rather than signal distortions caused by nonideal optical devices, were the limiting factor. For example, with optical amplifiers distributed along the bus, this system can support 1000 10-MHz users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>