gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video parsing for abnormality detection (2011)

Detecting abnormalities in video is a challenging problem since the class of all irregular objects and behaviors is infinite and thus no (or by far not enough) abnormal training samples are available. Consequently, a standard setting is to find abnormalities without actually knowing what they are because we have not been shown abnormal examples during training. However, although the training data does not define what an abnormality looks like, the main paradigm in this field is to directly search for individual abnormal local patches or image regions independent of another. To address this problem we parse video frames by establishing a set of hypotheses that jointly explain all the foreground while, at same time, trying to find normal training samples that explain the hypotheses. Consequently, we can avoid a direct detection of abnormalities. They are discovered indirectly as those hypotheses which are needed for covering the foreground without finding an explanation by normal samples for themselves. We present a probabilistic model that localizes abnormalities using statistical inference. On the challenging dataset of [15] it outperforms the state-of-the-art by 7% to achieve a frame-based abnormality classification performance of 91% and the localization performance improves by 32% to 76%.
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs): High Free Volume Polymers for Membrane Applications (2006)

Abstract We are developing new types of polymer – termed polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) – which in the solid state behave like molecular sieves. As pervaporation membranes, they show selectivity for organics over water. As gas separation membranes, they exhibit a remarkable combination of high permeability and good selectivity for gas pairs such as O 2 /N 2 .
A Copa da exceção no tribunal da Teoria Pura do Direito (2014)

This article intends to analyze the situation of economic exception established in Brazil for the accomplishment of the so-called “mega-events”, specially the 2014 World Cup, when many rights and guarantees foreseen in the Brazilian legal system will be suspended with the purpose of guaranteeing FIFA’s monopolistic economic exploitation at the event. The work’s theoretical framework has its basis in Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law, which, as an example of the legal theory of normality, where the exception has no room, perfectly suits as an inverted paradigm for the authoritarian political-legal scenario established in Brazil, the latter being briefly presented through the analysis of part of the exceptional legislation approved to ensure the World Cup
Solar water disinfection studies with supported TiO2 and polymer-supported Ru(II) sensitizer in a compound parabolic collector (2008)

Solar water disinfection was performed by using TiO2 and Ru(II) complex as fixed catalysts implemented in a compound parabolic collector (CPC) photoreactor. Studies were performed in the laboratory as well as at a greenfield site. Under laboratory conditions, natural water contaminated with cultured bacteria was photocatalytically treated and the influence of the photolysis as well of both catalysts was studied. Experiments were performed with contaminated water flowing at 12 L/min, under these conditions, photocatalytic experiments performed with Ahlstrom catalyst showed it to be effective in degrading bacteria in water; the Ru-complex catalyst, however did not show clear evidence for disinfecting water and its efficiency was comparable to the photolysis. Under on-site experiments, bacteria contaminated water from the Yaurisque river at Cusco was treated. As a general trend, after photocatalytic treatment a reduction in the E-coli population present in water, was observed. Whenever disinfection was achieved in the experiments, no regrowth of bacteria was observed after 24 h. However, a reduction of the prototype efficiency was observed both in laboratory and on-site experiments. This was ascribed to aging of the photocatalyst as well as due to the deposition of particles onto its surface. In cases in which incomplete disinfection resulted, a low rate of E-coli growth was observed 24 h after terminating the experiment. However, pseudomones seems to be resistant to the treatment.
A phase 1 mechanism of action study of intratumoral or intravenous administration of enadenotucirev, an oncolytic Ad11/Ad3 chimeric group B adenovirus in colon cancer patients undergoing resection of primary tumor. (2014)

TPS3112 Background: To date convincing clinical success with oncolytic viruses tends to be associated with intra-tumoral (IT) administration and evidence for successful systemic delivery of viruses to tumor cells by intravenous (IV) infusion remains sparse. Enadenotucirev (E or ColoAd1) is a tumor selective Ad11/Ad3 group B adenovirus that has demonstrated preclinical activity in a metastatic model of colorectal cancer (CRC) and in human tumor biopsies ex-vivo [Kuhn et al, PLoS ONE 2008; 3 (6):e2409]. Serological studies suggest that the prevalence of neutralising antibodies against group B adenoviruses is low, which may permit systemic delivery [Holterman et al, J Virol. 2004 Dec; 78(23):13207-15]. CRC patients (Pts) scheduled for resection of primary tumor present a pre-surgical window of opportunity to evaluate IV and IT delivery to tumor, lymph nodes and normal margins in resected tissues. Methods: Pts with histologically confirmed CRC scheduled for surgical removal of primary tumor receive E delivered either IV on day (D) 1, 3 and 5 at a dose of 1e12 viral particles (vp) over 5 min (5 pts); or IT at a dose of 1e11 vp/mL with a variable volume injected based on the tumor surface area (5 pts). Surgery is performed 7 – 15 days post first dose of E. The primary objective is to assess the pattern and extent of E spread in the tumor, normal tissue and draining lymph nodes as visualised by IHC staining of E hexon protein. Evidence of immune modulation associated with virus activity is assessed by co-staining for markers including CD8, CD11b, CD57 and CD25. Additional staining includes the primary uptake receptors of E (CD46, DSG-2) and markers of endothelial cells (CD31) and myofibroablasts (SMA) that may influence viral delivery or spread. Additional analyses include electron microscopy and qPCR. Other objectives are assessment of safety, viral kinetics and immune response following IV and IT administration. Correlation with routine tumor biomarkers e.g. K-ras, BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, SPARC will also be evaluated. To date 3 pts have been treated, 1 IT and 2 IV, and 3 pts are scheduled for treatment. Clinical trial information: EUDRACT 2013-000562-11.
Inositol hexakisphosphate is a physiological signal regulating the K <sup>+</sup> -inward rectifying conductance in guard cells (2000)

(RS)-2-cis, 4-trans-abscisic acid (ABA), a naturally occurring plant stress hormone, elicited rapid agonist-specific changes in myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP(6)) measured in intact guard cells of Solanum tuberosum (n = 5); these changes were not reproduced by (RS)-2-trans, 4-trans-abscisic acid, an inactive stereoisomer of ABA (n = 4). The electrophysiological effects of InsP(6) were assessed on both S. tuberosum (n = 14) and Vicia faba (n = 6) guard cell protoplasts. In both species, submicromolar concentrations of InsP(6), delivered through the patch electrode, mimicked the inhibitory effects of ABA and internal calcium (Ca(i)(2+)) on the inward rectifying K(+) current, I(K,in), in a dose-dependent manner. Steady state block of I(K,in) by InsP(6) was reached much more quickly in Vicia (3 min at approximately 1 microM) than Solanum (20-30 min). The effects of InsP(6) on I(K,in) were specific to the myo-inositol isomer and were not elicited by other conformers of InsP(6) (e.g., scyllo- or neo-). Chelation of Ca(2+) by inclusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or EGTA in the patch pipette together with InsP(6) prevented the inhibition of I(K,in), suggesting that the effect is Ca(2+) dependent. InsP(6) was approximately 100-fold more potent than Ins(1,4,5)P(3) in modulating I(K,in). Thus ABA increases InsP(6) in guard cells, and InsP(6) is a potent Ca(2+)-dependent inhibitor of I(K,in). Taken together, these results suggest that InsP(6) may play a major role in the physiological response of guard cells to ABA.
Secured selective encryption algorithm for MPEG-2 video (2011)

Rising popularity of internet technology has opened up many popular internet applications like Video on Demand, Internet TV, Video Conferencing, Telemedicine etc. But unwanted third party, the adversary can have access to the content if there is no security. Therefore, the security and privacy of the video content has become a challenging issue in the last decade. Many encryption algorithms have been proposed to meet the security requirements of the different applications. But, lack of application friendliness limits those algorithm form practical implementation. In this paper, we have proposed one selective video encryption algorithm to address the real-time security requirements. We propose one bits selection algorithm to select the higher intense bits to achieve higher visual degradation. In this paper, we have used AES encryption algorithm for encryption. This enhances the cryptographic security of the algorithm which will be well suited for real-time data transmission application.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion and Viability Using a Blood Pool Contrast Agent (2004)

The BPCA investigated in this study allows both reliable detection of perfusion defects on first pass and equilibrium perfusion imaging and characterization of viability after myocardial infarction. Thus, this contrast agent is suitable for a comprehensive cardiac MR examination.
Detection of the effects of dopamine receptor supersensitivity using pharmacological MRI and correlations with PET (2000)

Receptor supersensitivity is an important concept for understanding neurotransmitter and receptor dynamics. Traditionally, detection of receptor supersensitivity has been performed using autoradiography or positron emission tomography (PET). We show that use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) not only enables one to detect dopaminergic supersensitivity, but that the hemodynamic time course reflective of this fact is different in different brain regions. In rats unilaterally lesioned with intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine, apomorphine injections lead to a large increase in hemodynamic response (cerebral blood volume, CBV) in the striato-thalamo-cortico circuit on the lesioned side but had little effect on the intact side. Amphetamine injections lead to increases in hemodynamic responses on the intact side and little on the lesioned side in the same animals. The time course for the increase in CBV after either amphetamine or apomorphine administration was longer in striatum and thalamus than in frontal cortex. (11)C-PET studies of ligands which bind to the dopamine transporter (2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane 1, 5-naphthalnendisulfonate, WIN 35, 428 or CFT) and D2 receptors (raclopride) confirm that there is a loss of presynaptic dopamine terminals as well as upregulation of D2 receptors in striatum in these same animals. Pharmacologic MRI should become a sensitive tool to measure functional supersensitivity in humans, providing a complementary picture to that generated using PET studies of direct receptor binding.
Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates a novel epithelial progenitor domain of the hindbrain choroid plexus (2009)

Choroid plexuses (ChPs) are vascularized secretory organs involved in the regulation of brain homeostasis, and function as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Despite their crucial roles, there is limited understanding of the regulatory mechanism driving ChP development. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a secreted signal crucial for embryonic development and cancer, is strongly expressed in the differentiated hindbrain ChP epithelium (hChPe). However, we identify a distinct epithelial domain in the hChP that does not express Shh, but displays Shh signaling. We find that this distinct Shh target field that adjoins a germinal zone, the lower rhombic lip (LRL), functions as a progenitor domain by contributing directly to the hChPe. By conditional Shh mutant analysis, we show that Shh signaling regulates hChPe progenitor proliferation and hChPe expansion through late embryonic development, starting around E12.5. Whereas previous studies show that direct contribution to the hChPe by the LRL ceases around E14, our findings reveal a novel tissue-autonomous role for Shh production and signaling in driving the continual growth and expansion of the hindbrain choroid plexus throughout development.
An acoustic backscattering technique for the detection of transient cavitation produced by microsecond pulses of ultrasound (1990)

An acoustic backscattering technique for detecting transient cavitation produced by 10-microseconds-long pulses of 757-kHz ultrasound is described. The system employs 10-microseconds-long, 30-MHz center frequency tone bursts that scatter from cavitation microbubbles. Experiments were performed with suspensions of hydrophobic polystyrene spheres in ultraclean water. Transient cavitation threshold pressures measured with the active cavitation detector (ACD) were always less than or equal to those measured using a passive acoustic detection scheme. The measured cavitation thresholds decreased with increasing dissolved gas content and increasing suspended particle concentration. Results also show that ultrasonic irradiation of the polystyrene sphere suspensions by the ACD lowered the threshold pressure measured with the passive detector. A possible mechanism through which suspensions of hydrophobic particles might nucleate bubbles is presented.
A neural network application for the analysis and synthesis of multilingual speech (2002)

Presents a novel method for the extraction of parameters required to produce natural sounding speech. It has been shown to work for both French and English. The method adopted follows resonances within speech, rather than formants, furthermore resonances are allowed to cross under certain conditions. These parameters are then fed into a neural network based concatenation system allowing for the reproduction of speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of ketone body metabolism promotes accelerated pathological remodeling (2014)

These studies demonstrate the ability of myocardial ketone metabolism to coordinate the myocardial response to pressure overload, and suggest that the oxidation of ketone bodies may be an important contributor to free radical homeostasis and hemodynamic preservation in the injured heart.
Arginine Decarboxylase from Escherichia coli (1968)

Abstract The inducible arginine decarboxylase of Escherichia coli, a pyridoxal-P enzyme, has been purified to a specific activity of 410 µmoles of CO2 per min per mg. It can be crystallized from ammonium sulfate solutions without increase in specific activity, sediments as a single species in the analytical ultracentrifuge, and shows only slight impurities on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its preferred substrate is l-arginine (Km, 0.65 mm, Vmax, 500 µmoles per min per mg), but l-canavanine (Km, 1.2 mm) also is attacked at a rate 40% of that for l-arginine. Several other guanido and ureido derivatives are not attacked by the enzyme but do inhibit it competitively; the most effective of these inhibitors are α-chloro-δ-guanidovaleric acid (Ki, 0.026 mm) and α-hydroxy-δ-guanidovaleric acid (Ki, 0.19 mm). The pH optimum of arginine decarboxylase is 5.2 and the temperature optimum is 37–40°. Its absorption spectrum has maxima at 280 and 420 mµ and is not affected by variations in pH between 5.2 and 9.0. The formyl group of pyridoxal-P in arginine decarboxylase is bound to the e-amino group of a lysine residue. The holodecarboxylase can be resolved by dialysis against cysteine and reconstituted by addition of excess pyridoxal-P; it binds 10 moles of pyridoxal-P per mole (850,000 g). The apoenzyme is also reactivated by 2-norpyridoxal-P, ω-methylpyridoxal-P, and 6-methylpyridoxal-P, although its affinity for these pyridoxal-P analogues and the affinity of the resulting analogue holoenzymes for arginine are reduced by these structural alterations. Pyridoxal, 5-deoxypyridoxal, 2-nor-2-butylpyridoxal-P, and β-(2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formylpyridine-5)-propionic acid do not reactivate the apoenzyme but do inhibit its reactivation by pyridoxal-P when present in sufficient concentrations.
Vacuum-Arc Evaporation of Refractory Metals (1961)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. S. P. Lucas, H. A. Owen, W. C. Stewart, C. R. Vail; Vacuum‐Arc Evaporation of Refractory Metals. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 February 1961; 32 (2): 203–204. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717312 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Relationship between Surviving Fractions Using the Colony Method, the LD 50 , and the Growth Delay after Irradiation of Human Melanoma Cells Grown as Multicellular Spheroids (1981)

Natalie Pourreau-Schneider, Edmond P. Malaise, Relationship between Surviving Fractions Using the Colony Method, the LD50, and the Growth Delay after Irradiation of Human Melanoma Cells Grown as Multicellular Spheroids, Radiation Research, Vol. 85, No. 2 (Feb., 1981), pp. 321-332
Environmental Monitoring of Hydrocarbons:  A Chemical Sensor Perspective (2007)

Assessing the environmental impact of organic pollutants requires reliable analytical tools that can rapidly screen them with minimal sample handling. Chemical sensors are expected to play an increasing role in environmental monitoring, and recent technological advances are certain to facilitate the application of chemical sensing devices. The search for highly selective, sensitive, low cost, stable, and robust sensors for hydrocarbons is an area of interest that is reflected by many publications on this topic. This report surveys some of the work that has been undertaken using sensors to detect hydrocarbons in the gas and liquid phase. The analytical capabilities of various sensors are compared and discussed in terms of their selectivity, sensitivity, and detection limit. It was found that the sensitivity is highly dependent on the experimental conditions used in the preparation of the sensing surface. Many sensors display acceptable sensitivity under controlled laboratory conditions; however, very few are selective enough to distinguish among several hydrocarbons in complex mixtures. Selectivity is still a challenge that is hindering the widespread application of chemical sensors for environmental monitoring of hydrocarbons and a number of strategies have been proposed to help overcome some of these problems.
The incidence of MRSA infections in the United States: is a more comprehensive tracking system needed? (2017)

A review of epidemiological studies on the incidence of MRSA infections overtime was performed along with an analysis of data available for download from Hospital Compare (https://data.medicare.gov/data/hospital-compare). We found the estimations of the incidence of MRSA infections varied widely depending upon the type of population studied, the types of infections captured and in the definitions and terminology used to describe the results. We could not find definitive evidence that the incidence of MRSA infections in U.S. community or facilities is decreasing significantly. Of concern are recent data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) on MRSA bloodstream infections which indicate that by the end of 2015 there had been little change in the average facility Standardized Infection Ratio (0.988), compared to a 2010-2011 baseline and is significantly increased compared to the previous year. This is in contradistinction to the recent Veterans Administration study which reported over an 80% reduction in MRSA infections. However, this discrepancy may be due to the inability to reconcile the baselines of the two data sets; and the observed increase may be artifactual due to aberrations in the NHSN tracking system. Our review supports the need for implementation of a comprehensive tracking and monitoring system involving all types of healthcare facilities for multi-drug resistant organisms, along with concomitant funding for both staff and infrastructure. Without such a system, determining the effectiveness of interventions such as antibiotic stewardship and chlorhexidine bathing will be hindered.
Experimental study of a counter-flow jet in ONERA's S1MA wind tunnel by 3D background oriented schlieren (2018)

International audience
Second step algorithms in the Burrows–Wheeler compression algorithm (2001)

Abstract In this paper we focus our attention on the second step algorithms of the Burrows–Wheeler compression algorithm, which in the original version is the Move To Front transform. We discuss many of its replacements presented so far, and compare compression results obtained using these replacements. Then we propose a new algorithm that yields a better compression ratio than the previous algorithms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase φ Regulates Paxillin Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Mediates Colony-Stimulating Factor 1-Induced Morphological Changes in Macrophages (2001)

Removal of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) causes macrophages to round up and to increase their expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase phi (PTP phi). This is accompanied by the disruption of focal complexes and the formation of ruffles. Here we have overexpressed wild-type (WT) PTP phi and a phosphatase-inactive (C325S) mutant in a macrophage cell line in the presence and absence of CSF-1. In the presence of CSF-1, WT PTP phi induces cell rounding and ruffle formation, while C325S PTP phi has no effect. In contrast, in CSF-1-starved cells, C325S PTP phi behaves in a dominant negative fashion, preventing rounding and ruffling. Furthermore, C325S PTP phi increases adhesion in cycling cells, while WT PTP phi enhances motility. In WT PTP phi-overexpressing cells, the focal contact protein paxillin is selectively depleted from focal complexes and specifically dephosphorylated on tyrosine. In contrast, paxillin is hyperphosphorylated in C325S PTP phi-expressing cells. Moreover, a complex containing PTP phi, paxillin, and a paxillin-associated tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, can be immunoprecipitated from macrophage lysates, and the catalytic domain of PTP phi selectively binds paxillin and Pyk2 in vitro. Although PTP phi and Pyk2 do not colocalize with paxillin in focal complexes, all three proteins are colocalized in dorsal ruffles. The results suggest that paxillin is dephosphorylated by PTP phi in dorsal ruffles, using Pyk2 as a bridging molecule, resulting in a reduced pool of tyrosine-phosphorylated paxillin available for incorporation into focal complexes, thereby mediating CSF-1 regulation of macrophage morphology, adhesion, and motility.