gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive hard disk power management on personal computers (2003)

Dynamic power management can be effective for designing low-power systems. In many systems, requests are clustered into sessions. This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm that can predict session lengths and shut down components between sessions to save power. Compared to other approaches, simulations show that this algorithm can reduce power consumption in hard disks with less impact on performance or reliability.
Inhibition of [3H]CGP 39653 binding to NMDA receptors by a P2 antagonist, suramin (1995)

Suramin, which has been used for more than 50 years as an anthelmintic in humans, has recently been shown to inhibit P2 purinoceptors in the CNS and to block glutamate-evoked excitatory potentials in hippocampus. We now report that suramin inhibits (IC50 approximately 100 microM) the binding of [3H]CGP 39653, a ligand specific for NMDA-type glutamate receptors in brain. Consequently, suramin at concentrations used sometimes in physiological experiments may act as both P2x and NMDA antagonist. Since both NMDA receptors and P2x-subtype of purinoceptors form Ca(2+)-selective channels, suramin may block Ca2+ entry into neurones depolarized by either ATP, L-glutamate or any other neurotransmitter or drug acting via P2x or NMDA receptors.
Do chip size limits exist for DCA? (1999)

Solder joints, the most widely used flip chip on board (FCOB) interconnects, have a relatively low structural compliance due to the large thermal expansion mismatch between silicon die and the organic substrate. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the printed wiring board (PWB) is almost an order of magnitude greater than that of the integrated circuit (IC). Under operating and testing conditions, this mismatch subjects the solder joints to large creep strains and leads to early failure of the solder connections. The reliability of such flip chip structures can be enhanced by applying an epoxy-based underfill between the chip and the substrate, encapsulating the solder joints. This material, once cured, mechanically couples the IC and substrate together to locally constrain the CTE mismatch. However, the effects of CTE mismatch are assumed to become more severe with increasing chip size. Even with the addition of an underfill material, it has been supposed that there are limits on the chip size used in flip chip applications.
Siglec-7 expression is reduced on a natural killer (NK) cell subset of obese humans (2017)

Obesity leads to an altered adipocytokine production negatively effecting the function of natural killer cells (NK cells), which are important effector cells of the innate immune system. NK cells provide a defence against tumour cells or virus infected cells and have different activating and inhibitory surface receptors to distinguish between normal and transformed cells. One group of the inhibitory receptors are the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs). The aim of this study was to compare the expression of Siglecs-7, -9 and -10 on NK cells from normal weight and obese subjects. Therefore peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 10 normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 11 obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) blood donors and analysed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the amount of sialic acid on NK cell was determined using a fluorescent labelled lectin that binds terminal sialic acids. Percentages of immune cells were not altered between normal weight and obese individuals. CD56bright NK cells from obese subjects had a reduced expression of Siglec-7 while the expression of Siglec-9 was not altered. The reduction of Siglec-7 expression on CD56bright NK cells might be a marker for their dysfunction. Moreover, Siglecs-7, -9 and -10 are not expressed on the NK cell lines NK-92 and NKL. When comparing the two NK cell subpopulations CD56bright and CD56dim, CD56bright NK cells had a higher amount of sialic acids on their surface compared to CD56dim NK cells regardless of body weight.
The [4 + 4] dimerization of 2,3-dimethylene-2,3-dihydrofuran: secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effect evidence for a two-step mechanism (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe [4 + 4] dimerization of 2,3-dimethylene-2,3-dihydrofuran: secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effect evidence for a two-step mechanismChin Hsing. Chou and Walter S. TrahanovskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 14, 4138–4144Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00274a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00274a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Zero-Rate Output and Quadrature Compensation in Vibratory MEMS Gyroscopes (2007)

In this paper, issues related to the zero-rate output (ZRO) of a vibratory microgyroscope are studied. Different sources of the ZRO are discussed and how the effect of each source can be minimized and their stability improved is described. The effects of synchronous demodulation and electrostatic quadrature compensation performed with a dc voltage on the final ZRO are analyzed. Ways to implement the control loop for electrostatic quadrature compensation performed with a dc voltage are described, concentrating on a case where the compensation voltage is generated with a digital-to-analog converter and the controller is digital. In particular, extending the resolution with SigmaDelta techniques is studied. The experimental work shows the feasibility of the implemented quadrature compensation loop and analyzes the ZRO sources of one particular gyroscope implementation. How to perform the ZRO measurements in such a way that the various sources can be distinguished from each other is also described.
Multiple scattering of light from polymer dispersed liquid crystal material (1997)

Abstract Light scattering from polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material has been studied experimentally and by Monte Carlo simulation. Light scattering was measured as a function of both scattering angle and cell thickness. The cell thicknesses of practical interest are in an intermediate regime where neither single scattering nor light diffusion applies. Both the angular and the thickness dependence of the scattering intensity can be described accurately by a Monte Carlo simulation of multiple scattering from a homogeneous distribution of independent scatterers. The model smoothly interpolates between the single scattering limit for thin cells and the diffusion limit for thick cells. It can easily be extended to include any specific feature of a scattering display system.
Using remote memory to avoid disk thrashing: a simulation study (2002)

The increasing use of high-bandwidth and low-latency networks make possible the use of remote (network) memory as an alternative to disk means of storing an application's data, because remote-to-local memory transfers over a modern interconnection network are faster than traditional disk-to-memory transfers. We explore the possibility of using the remote memory as (i) a (faster-than-disk) backing store, (ii) an extension of main memory accessed using single (remote) memory references, and (iii) as a combination of both. We use execution driven simulation to investigate the performance impact the use of remote memory has on several real programs. We conclude that even for today's low throughput networks, using remote memory as a place for storing (some) of an application's data may result in significant performance improvements, which will continue to get higher as the disparity between disk transfer rates and network transfer rates continues to increase.
Fast Marginal Likelihood Maximisation for Sparse Bayesian Models (2003)

The &apos;sparse Bayesian&apos; modelling approach, as exemplified by the &apos;relevance vector machine &apos;, enables sparse classification and regression functions to be obtained by linearlyweighting a small nmnber of fixed basis functions from a large dictionary of potential candidates. Such a model conveys a nmnber of advantages over the related and very popular &apos;support vector machine&apos;, but the necessary &apos;training&apos; procedure optimisation of the marginal likelihood function is typically much slower. We describe a new and highly accelerated algorithm which exploits recently-elucidated properties of the marginal likelihood function to enable maximisation via a principled and efficient sequential addition and deletion of candidate basis functions.
Information content of compressed remotely sensed data (2002)

Information is the end requirement from remotely sensed data. However, normally the extraction of this information starts with an original (uncompressed) image which has arrived by courier on some form of digital media. However, as the use of remotely sensed data advances towards more operational use the need for the electronic transfer of data is increasing to meet operational time constraints. In order to reduce the time for data transmission, and consequently costs, considerations are being given to mechanisms to compress data with and without loss. In this study data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and the European Space Agency (ESA) European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1) were compressed to different levels (up to 50 times compression). This paper will present the results of the assessment of the information content of these data for crop condition monitoring (AVHRR) and ice navigation (ERS-1) as a function of compression ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interactions of Cu with CoSi2, CrSi2 and TiSi2 with and without TiN<i>x</i> barrier layers (1990)

Interactions of Cu with CoSi2, CrSi2, and TiSi2 with and without interposed TiNx layers have been studied using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and in situ sheet resistivity measurements. Cu diffuses through a preformed CoSi2 layer to form the structure CoSi2/Cu3Si/Si(100). No dissociation of CoSi2 has been observed. For the Cu/CrSi2/Si system, the outdiffusion of Si leads to the formation of Cu3Si/CrSi2/Si at temperatures above 300 °C. At about the same temperature, Cu diffuses into a TiSi2 layer and to the TiSi2/Si interface to react with both Ti and Si forming Cu3Ti, Cu3Si, and Cu4Si phases. A 50-nm TiNx layer prepared by reactive sputtering was observed to be an effective diffusion barrier between Cu and CoSi2 or CrSi2. A 30-nm layer of TiNx simultaneously grown with TiSi2 by rapid thermal annealing proved effective between Cu and TiSi2 up to 500 °C.
Using fractal encoding for image indexing (2003)

As already documented in the literature, fractal image encoding can be exploited to obtain good image indexing systems that are able to deal with the images in compressed form, which makes them suitable for use with large databases. The system proposed in this paper has the additional interesting property of being invariant under two classes of pixel intensity transformations. This property makes the system robust with respect to several types of image transformations that can happen in practical applications: the images can be retrieved even in the presence of illumination and/or color alterations. The system can be queried via both a query by sketch and a query by example paradigms.
Influence of Glyphosate Concentration on Glyphosate Absorption and Translocation in Canada Thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>) (1988)

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the influence of glyphosate [ N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and surfactant concentration on Canada thistle [ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. # CIRAR] control. Five, 10, and 30% (v/v) solutions of the commercial formulation of glyphosate (356 g ae/L glyphosate and 178 g ai/L MON 0818) applied in 2-μl droplets to Canada thistle leaves at an equal dose per plant did not reduce plant growth, whereas a 2.5% solution reduced growth by 76%. Varying the glyphosate and the polyethoxylated tallow amine surfactant (MON 0818) concentrations independently showed that low glyphosate and MON 0818 concentrations controlled Canada thistle better than high concentrations. High glyphosate concentration (108 μg/μl), high MON 0818 concentration (54 μg/μl), and large droplet size (2 μl) reduced 14 C-glyphosate absorption and translocation compared with low glyphosate concentration (9 μg/μl), low MON 0818 concentration (4.5 μg/μl), and small droplet size (0.2 μl). High glyphosate and high MON 0818 concentrations may cause rapid tissue toxicity resulting in reduced translocation and poor perennial weed control.
Cramer-Rao lower bound for frequency estimation in multipath Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

This paper concerns the estimation of the frequency offset of a known (pilot) signal propagated through a slowly fading multipath channel, such that channel parameters are considered to be constant over the observation interval. We derive a Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and maximum likelihood (ML) frequency estimation algorithm for additive Gaussian noise and path amplitudes having complex zero-mean Gaussian distribution when covariance matrices of the fading and noise are known. In particular, we consider the scenarios with white noise, independent fading of path amplitudes and pilot signals with a diagonal correlation matrix. We compare simulation results for the ML estimator with the CRLB. We also show that the results obtained can be extended to scenarios with fast fading channels.
Propagation Characteristics of Ultrahigh-Δ Optical Waveguide on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate (2001)

A submicron rectangular waveguide with a relative refractive index difference Δ of 45% was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate, and its propagation characteristics were evaluated using the Fabry-Perot resonance method. The propagation loss was of the order of 10 cm -1 , and was dominated by light scattering at rough interfaces. However, a large modal effective index of more than 4.5 and a low bend loss of less than 1 dB at a 0.5-µm-radius bend were also observed. These results suggest the potential of an ultrasmall and high-density lightwave circuit, which accepts the relatively large propagation loss.
Spirally configured cis-stilbene/fluorene hybrids as bipolar, organic sensitizers for solar cell applications (2012)

Hybrids based on a dibenzosuberene core bearing a spiro-fluorene junction at the C-5 position and with amino donor and β-thiophenyl-α-cyanoacrylic acid acceptor groups at C-3 and C-7, respectively, serve as new organic sensitizer materials for solar cell applications. Solar cell devices based on these materials show a conversion efficiency (η) of up to 6.1% (V(oc) = 697 mV, J(sc) = 12.2 mA cm(-2), FF = 0.72) under AM 1.5 G conditions. The best IPCE values exceed 75% within the 450-550 nm absorption range.
Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Release during Pregnancy in the Rat* (1985)

The present studies were designed to characterize LH release during pregnancy in the rat. Unanesthetized animals with jugular cannulae were bled for 3 h between 1000-1300 h on days 6-8, 14-16 or 22 of gestation (50 microliters whole blood/5 min). Plasma estradiol and progesterone values both increased from days 6-8 to days 14-16. However, while plasma estradiol levels increased further between days 14-16 and day 22, plasma P levels had declined 86%. The percent coefficients of variation obtained for alterations in blood LH levels at each stage of pregnancy were all significantly greater than intraassay variation, indicating that LH release was pulsatile at each stage. Although there were no significant differences in mean blood LH levels, pulse amplitude, or frequency between days 6-8 and 14-16, the individual patterns of LH release clearly varied between these 2 groups, and most notably within the 14-16 day group. Fifty-three percent (9 of 17) of the LH records in rats on days 14-16 were nonpulsatile compared to only 20% (3 of 15) on days 6-8. However, despite a trend toward an absence of pulsatile LH release on days 14-16, mean frequency at this time did not differ from days 6-8, since on days 14-16 the remaining 8 animals demonstrated 3.5 pulses/3 h, while on days 6-8 the other 12 rats averaged only 2.5 pulses/3 h. On day 22, there was a marked increase in mean blood LH levels compared with either days 6-8 or 14-16. This increase was due to an increase in mean LH pulse frequency. All 15 rats demonstrated pulsatile LH secretion, a significantly greater incidence of pulsatile LH release than on days 14-16 (100% vs. 47%). These data demonstrate that LH release is pulsatile during pregnancy in the rat, and changes in the characteristics of this secretion occur at different stages of gestation.
Regression of Liver Fibrosis after Biliary Drainage in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis and Stenosis of the Common Bile Duct (2001)

In patients with chronic pancreatitis and stenosis of the common bile duct, liver fibrosis may regress after biliary drainage.
Charge storage effect of the vertically stacked InAs nanodots embedded in Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As matrix (2002)

This report describes the memory effect of an Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As/GaAs field-effect (FE) structure which contains vertically aligned InAs nanodots in the barrier layer. The FE structure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy using Stranski-Krastanow islands as the nanodots. Charge storage effect of the nanodots is analyzed by a capacitance-voltage measurement and resulted in a hysteresis loop due to the stable electron trapping at nanodot potentials. The amount of charge for the long-term memory retention at 300 K is estimated to be /spl sim/14 nC/cm/sup 2/, which is promising for memory device applications of the FE structure.
Methuselah meets diabetes (1998)

Mutations in the daf-2 and age-1 genes cause constitutive dauer larva formation and double adult life span in C. elegans. Their effect on life span has excited considerable interest and their effect on dauer formation has facilitated rapid progress in their genetic and molecular analysis. Two recent papers report that daf-2 encodes a member of the insulin-receptor family and that age-1 encodes a PI3 kinase subunit, a second-messenger producing enzyme known to act downstream of the mammalian insulin receptor. These findings provide the first mechanistic insight into the well-established link between metabolism and aging.
A Phase I Study of Indole-3-Carbinol in Women: Tolerability and Effects (2005)

We completed a phase I trial of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in 17 women (1 postmenopausal and 16 premenopausal) from a high-risk breast cancer cohort. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, subjects ingested 400 mg I3C daily for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week period of 800 mg I3C daily. These chronic doses were tolerated well by all subjects. Hormonal variables were measured near the end of the placebo and dosing periods, including determination of the urinary 2-hydroxyestrone/16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio. Measurements were made during the follicular phase for premenopausal women. Serum estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone binding globulin showed no significant changes in response to I3C. Caffeine was used to probe for cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT-2), and xanthine oxidase. Comparing the results from the placebo and the 800 mg daily dose period, CYP1A2 was elevated by I3C in 94% of the subjects, with a mean increase of 4.1-fold. In subjects with high NAT-2 activities, these were decreased to 11% by I3C administration but not altered if NAT-2 activity was initially low. Xanthine oxidase was not affected. Lymphocyte glutathione S-transferase activity was increased by 69% in response to I3C. The apparent induction of CYP1A2 was mirrored by a 66% increase in the urinary 2-hydroxyestrone/16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio in response to I3C. The maximal increase was observed with the 400 mg daily dose of I3C, with no further increase found at 800 mg daily. If the ratio of hydroxylated estrone metabolites is a biomarker for chemoprevention, as suggested, then 400 mg I3C daily will elicit a maximal protective effect.
Underwater Acoustic Communications Using Time Reversal (2005)

This paper contains theoretical and experimental results on the application of the time-reversal process to acoustic communications in order to improve data telemetry in the ocean. A coherent underwater acoustic communication system must deal with the inter-symbol interference caused by the time-varying, dispersive, shallow-water ocean environment. An approach is demonstrated that takes advantage of the focal properties of time reversal. The spatial and temporal compression available at the time-reversal focus mitigates channel fading, reduces the dispersion caused by the channel, and increases the signal strength. Thus, a time-reversal communication system does not require spatial diversity at the receiver, i.e., an array of receiving sensors, but takes advantage of spatial diversity at the transmitter. The time-reversal communications system concept is demonstrated using experimental data collected in shallow water. Data telemetry bit rates of 500 bps (BPSK) and 1000 bps (QPSK) with bit error rates of 0 out of 4976 bits and 254 out of 9953 bits, respectively, were obtained when transmitting to a receiver at a distance of 10 km, with a carrier frequency of 3500 Hz, and a 500 Hz bandwidth. In a shallow-water upslope region, bit error rates of 15 out of 4976 bits and 14 out of 4976 bits were achieved over the same distance. In neither case was complex processing at the receiver used (i.e., channel equalization, error correction coding). Time-reversal transmissions are intercompared with single source and broadside transmissions and shown to have superior results in both range independent and dependent bathymetries. The time-reversal performance appears limited by self-generated inter-symbol interference. In addition, an initial look at the application of a single channel adaptive channel equalizer to received time-reversal communication sequences is presented. The same properties that are beneficial to a single channel receiver are also beneficial to adaptive channel equalization. A single channel RLS DFE equalizer is cascaded with the received time-reversal sequences and shown to further reduce scatter in the I/Q plane. The bit error rate decreased in all but one of the cases
Ultraviolet-visible conical emission by multiple laser filaments (2009)

We characterized the angular distribution of the supercontinuum emission from multiple infrared laser filaments propagating in air over long distances, from the infrared (1080 nm) to ultraviolet (225 nm). These experimental data suggest that the X-Waves modeling or Cerenkov emission, rather than phase matching of four-wave mixing, could explain the conical emission. We also estimate the total light conversion efficiency from the original laser wavelength into the white-light continuum.