gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control strategies for a verticalized rehabilitation robot (2009)

Caring and rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries have greatly evolved during the twentieth century. Unfortunately standard training still heavily relies on manual mobilization of the patient. Which not only results in short training periods, but also prevents the patient's muscles from contracting, if voluntary control is lost. In order to cope with these issues the Fondation Suisse pour les Cyberthèses (FSC) in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Systèmes Robotiques (LSRO) from EPFL initiated a three step reeducation project. The main idea is the combination of motorized orthoses and closed loop muscle stimulation in order to enable an active participation of the patient, with a smart muscle control. The three complementary projects are: MotionMaker: stationary device with hip, knee and ankle mobilization combined to muscle stimulation. WalkTrainer: mobile device for true overground deambulation, with leg and pelvis orthoses, active body weight support and muscle stimulation. WalkMaker: lightweight orthosis with muscle stimulation, for enhanced autonomy. This work focuses on the control of the WalkTrainer, both of the motors and the muscle stimulation. First optimal trajectory generation is discussed. For the pelvis a three step strategy is presented. That consists of measuring motions on valid subjects with different parameters, identifying the corresponding model that can then be incorporated in the trajectory generator of the WalkTrainer. Of course the same work could be undertaken for any motion, such as the ones applied to the legs or trunk. Second, a novel off line EMG based muscle model and closed loop stimulation algorithm were developed. The trajectory generation and the muscle stimulation were then combined to obtain a novel, third generation, rehabilitation strategy. That optimizes the afferent feedback of the subject, while allowing an active participation of his musculature. That strategy was successfully tested on 6 paraplegic subjects at the beginning of 2008.
Voltage dependence of the pattern and frequency of discrete Ca <sup>2+</sup> release events after brief repriming in frog skeletal muscle (1997)

Applying a brief repolarizing pre-pulse to a depolarized frog skeletal muscle fiber restores a small fraction of the transverse tubule membrane voltage sensors from the inactivated state. During a subsequent depolarizing test pulse we detected brief, highly localized elevations of myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ "sparks") initiated by restored voltage sensors in individual triads at all test pulse voltages. The latency histogram of these events gives the gating pattern of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channels controlled by the restored voltage sensors. Both event frequency and clustering of events near the start of the test pulse increase with test pulse depolarization. The macroscopic SR calcium release waveform, obtained from the spark latency histogram and the estimated open time of the channel or channels underlying a spark, exhibits an early peak and rapid marked decline during large depolarizations. For smaller depolarizations, the release waveform exhibits a smaller peak and a slower decline. However, the mean use time and mean amplitude of the individual sparks are quite similar at all test depolarizations and at all times during a given depolarization, indicating that the channel open times and conductances underlying sparks are essentially independent of voltage. Thus, the voltage dependence of SR Ca2+ release is due to changes in the frequency and pattern of occurrence of individual, voltage-independent, discrete release events.
Hospital Information Systems: A Management Perspective (1985)

CHARLES J. AUSTIN is President of East Texas State University and WILLIAM J. HARVEY is Professor of Computer Science at East Texas State University.
A dual buried layer technology for the fabrication of high voltage NPN devices compatible with a 1.5 micron epitaxial bipolar process (1985)

This paper presents a technique to integrate an optional high voltage high speed NPN transistor in a low voltage (LV) LSI bipolar process. The design approach of the LV process maximizes the device speed by forming a very narrow base width (0.15µm) and a heavily doped buried layer (ρs=20Ω/□). LSI capability is achieved by using recessed oxide isolation on a 1.5µm thick epitaxial layer. This process architecture tends to limit LV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> and BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CBO</inf> to about 10 and 20 volts respectively. The voltage capability can be expanded, however, without affecting the primary specifications of the LV process. This is achieved by the addition of a lightly doped buried layer. The feasibility of this concept is demonstrated by solving the Poisson equation. A high voltage (HV) device with a minimum LV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> of 45 volts and f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> of 1.2 Ghz has been fabricated. The narrow base width is sufficient to keep the HV device from punch through. Experimental results for a range of doping profiles are presented.
Identification of a Novel Syntaxin- and Synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding Protein, SNAP-23, Expressed in Non-neuronal Tissues (1996)

The specificity of vesicular transport is regulated, in part, by the interaction of a vesicle-associated membrane protein termed synaptobrevin/VAMP with a target compartment membrane protein termed syntaxin. These proteins, together with SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), form a complex which serves as a binding site for the general membrane fusion machinery. Synaptobrevin/VAMP and syntaxin are ubiquitously expressed proteins and are believed to be involved in vesicular transport in most (if not all) cells. However, SNAP-25 is present almost exclusively in the brain, suggesting that a ubiquitously expressed homolog of SNAP-25 exists to facilitate transport vesicle/target membrane fusion in other tissues. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified a 23-kDa protein from human B lymphocytes (termed SNAP-23) that binds tightly to multiple syntaxins and synaptobrevins/VAMPs in vitro. SNAP-23 is 59% identical with SNAP-25. Unlike SNAP-25, SNAP-23 was expressed in all tissues examined. These findings suggest that SNAP-23 is an essential component of the high affinity receptor for the general membrane fusion machinery and an important regulator of transport vesicle docking and fusion in all mammalian cells.
Resistance computations for multilayer packaging structures by applying the boundary element method (1992)

A boundary element formulation together with the moment method analysis is proposed to find the equivalent multiport DC resistances for packaging structures consisting of uniform conducting plates with arbitrarily shaped boundaries. Incorporated with a new equiangle division scheme and exact integration formulas, this approach is very efficient in the use of computer storage and computation time, allowing many practical structures to be dealt with even by a small personal computer. The method is employed to investigate the effect on the equivalent resistances due to the presence of the interior apertures and the exterior boundary. Also presented are the resistance modeling technique for the multilayer packaging structures and a novel cut and fill technique to estimate the resistances of complicated structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Absence of ABCA1 Decreases Soluble ApoE Levels but Does Not Diminish Amyloid Deposition in Two Murine Models of Alzheimer Disease (2005)

ABCA1, a cholesterol transporter expressed in the brain, has been shown recently to be required to maintain normal apoE levels and lipidation in the central nervous system. In addition, ABCA1 has been reported to modulate beta-amyloid (Abeta) production in vitro. These observations raise the possibility that ABCA1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Here we report that the deficiency of ABCA1 does not affect soluble or guanidine-extractable Abeta levels in Tg-SwDI/B or amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice, but rather is associated with a dramatic reduction in soluble apoE levels in brain. Although this reduction in apoE was expected to reduce the amyloid burden in vivo, we observed that the parenchymal and vascular amyloid load was increased in Tg-SwDI/B animals and was not diminished in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the proportion of apoE retained in the insoluble fraction, particularly in the APP/PS1 model. These data suggested that ABCA1-mediated effects on apoE levels and lipidation influenced amyloidogenesis in vivo.
Biogas composition and engine performance, including database and biogas property model (2008)

In order to enable this evaluation of the current biogas quality situation in the EU; results are presented in a biogas database. Furthermore the key gas parameter Sonic Bievo Index (influence on open loop A/F-ratio) is defined and other key gas parameters like the Methane Number (knock resistance) are made available in a biogas calculation tool. Finally the results of the study of the influence of biogas quality on the engine performance of Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV), efficiency and emission are presented.
TAC-TIC use of tacrolimus-based regimens in lupus nephritis (2016)

Current guidelines do not mention tacrolimus (TAC) as a treatment option and no consensus has been reported on the role of TAC in lupus nephritis (LN). The present study aimed to guide clinical judgement on the use of TAC in patients with LN. A meta-analysis was performed for clinical studies investigating TAC regimens in LN on the basis of treatment target (induction or maintenance), concomitant immunosuppression and quality of the data. 23 clinical studies performed in patients with LN were identified: 6 case series, 9 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies and 6 randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Of the 6 RCTs, 5 RCTs investigated TAC regimens as induction treatment and 1 RCT as maintenance treatment. Five RCTs investigated TAC in combination with steroids and 2 TAC with mycophenolate plus steroids. All RCTs were performed in patients of Asian ethnicity. In a meta-analysis, TAC regimens achieved a significantly higher total response (relative risk (RR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34, p<0.05) and significantly higher complete response (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.77, p<0.05). The positive outcome was predominantly defined by the largest RCT investigating TAC with mycophenolate plus steroids. Regarding safety, the occurrence of leucopoenia was significantly lower, while the occurrence of increased creatine was higher. Clinical studies on TAC regimens for LN are limited to patients of Asian ethnicity and hampered by significant heterogeneity. The positive results on clinical efficacy of TAC as induction treatment in LN cannot be extrapolated beyond Asian patients with LN. Therefore, further confirmation in multiethnic, randomised trials is mandatory. Until then, TAC can be considered in selected patients with LN.
The hemocompatibility of oxidized diamond nanocrystals for biomedical applications (2013)

Low-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials have recently received enormous attention for biomedical applications. However, increasing evidence indicates that they are cytotoxic and can cause inflammatory responses in the body. Here, we show that monocrystalline nanodiamonds (NDs) synthesized by high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) methods and purified by air oxidation and strong oxidative acid treatments have excellent hemocompatibility with negligible hemolytic and thrombogenic activities. Cell viability assays with human primary endothelial cells suggested that the oxidized HPHT-NDs (dimensions of 35-500 nm) are non-cytotoxic. No significant elevation of the inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-1β and IL-6 was detected in mice after intravenous injection of the nanocrystals in vivo. Using a hindlimb-ischemia mouse model, we demonstrated that 35-nm NDs after covalent conjugation with polyarginine are useful as a drug delivery vehicle of heparin for prolonged anticoagulation treatment. The present study lays a solid foundation for further therapeutic applications of NDs in biomedicine.
The application of CBIR-based system for the product in electronic retailing (2010)

The appearance and popularization of the computer makes the global e-commerce overwhelming tide. CBIR-based system has been used in all kinds of applications, however, the system is seldom applied to the aspect of clothing electronic retailing. The paper describes a method for enhancing the search and retrieval of product information, discussing content-based image retrieval in the application of clothing electronic retailing. Using color and texture matching techniques, the article introduces the application of CBIR software in electronic retailing. From a new perspective of application module, we describe the collocation system of men's shirts, and achieve the purpose of computer-assisted sales. At last, come to the conclusion: designers can not only express visual information convenient under the invisible conditions using this system, but also can be used in the supply-chain management, as well as plan the research direction of this system in the future. It shows considerable application value for the development of clothing electronic retailing.
The Etiological Agent of Lyme Disease,<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, Appears To Contain Only a Few Small RNA Molecules (2004)

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) have recently been shown to be the main controllers of several regulatory pathways. The function of sRNAs depends in many cases on the RNA-binding protein Hfq, especially for sRNAs with an antisense function. In this study, the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi was subjected to different searches for sRNAs, including direct homology and comparative genomics searches and ortholog- and annotation-based search strategies. Two new sRNAs were found, one of which showed complementarity to the rpoS region, which it possibly controls by an antisense mechanism. The role of the other sRNA is unknown, although observed complementarities against particular mRNA sequences suggest an antisense mechanism. We suggest that the low level of sRNAs observed in B. burgdorferi is at least partly due to the presumed lack of both functional Hfq protein and RNase E activity.
Factors controlling electroosmotic flow in open‐tubular capillaries in electrokinetic chromatography (1986)

Abstract Effects of pH, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), additives, and coatings of polymers on the inner wall of fused silica tubing on electrokinetic migration were investigated with SDS solutions. The increase in SDS concentrations caused a substantial increase of the electrophoretic velocity of the SDS micelle but little affected the electroosmotic velocity v eo under a constant applied voltage. No significant change in v eo was observed either when the pH of the solution was varied from 5.5 to 9 or when additives such as hydroxypropyl cellulose were employed. Compared with an uncoated tube, electroosmosis became stronger in a fused silica tube coated with methyl silicone but weaker in one coated with polyethylene glycol 20M.
Phosphorylation and activation of p40 tyrosine kinase by casein kinase‐1 (1990)

Because examination of regulatory trans-phosphorylations can help elucidate the cellular functions of tyrosyl protein kinases, we have investigated the effects of phosphorylation by casein kinase-1 on the activity of the p40 tyrosyl protein kinase. We find that casein kinase-1 can phosphorylate the p40 tyrosyl kinase on serine and threonine residues, in part on a unique tryptic peptide. The phosphorylation induces a substantial increase in the tyrosyl protein kinase activity of p40, in contrast to most instances in which serine/threonine phosphorylation inhibits activity of tyrosyl protein kinases. These findings raise the possibility that p40 might be part of a protein phosphorylation network in which casein kinase-1 participates.
Near-Infrared Excitation of the <i>Q</i> Band in Free Base and Zinc Tetratolyl-porphyrins (2008)

The photophysics of 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolyl-21H,23H-porphyrin (TTP-H2) and 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolyl-porphyrinato zinc II (ZnTTP) have been investigated by means of pump-probe and transient anisotropy experiments. After excitation to the Q band, the molecules were probed by NIR pulses in the range between 950 and 1350 nm in order to study states of gerade symmetry in the vicinity of the Soret band. Examination of transient spectra and anisotropy delivered the first direct observation and the excitation energies of the two lowest so-called dark states. The experimental results were compared with predictions from theoretical calculations.
Continuous wave visible InGaP/InGaAlP quantum well surface emitting laser diodes (2005)

Summary form only given. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in the 0.66 mu m visible spectral region were fabricated by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The laser structure consists of four In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/P (80 AA)/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/GaP (60AA) quantum wells as the active medium. The quantum wells are located in the middle of a one lambda -thick cavity spacer, which is sandwiched between two highly reflective staircase-distributed Bragg reflectors. The continuous wave threshold currents, I/sub th/, are 3.9 and 4.6 mA at -75 and -25 degrees C, respectively, for 15 mu m diameter devices. The lasers can also be operated at room temperature, but only in a pulsed mode with an I/sub th/ of 12 mA at 25 degrees C. >
Learning silhouette features for control of human motion (2005)

We present a vision-based performance interface for controlling animated human characters. The system interactively combines information about the user's motion contained in silhouettes from three viewpoints with domain knowledge contained in a motion capture database to produce an animation of high quality. Such an interactive system might be useful for authoring, for teleconferencing, or as a control interface for a character in a game. In our implementation, the user performs in front of three video cameras; the resulting silhouettes are used to estimate his orientation and body configuration based on a set of discriminative local features. Those features are selected by a machine-learning algorithm during a preprocessing step. Sequences of motions that approximate the user's actions are extracted from the motion database and scaled in time to match the speed of the user's motion. We use swing dancing, a complex human motion, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We compare our results to those obtained with a set of global features, Hu moments, and ground truth measurements from a motion capture system.
Reasons for and costs of hospitalization for pediatric asthma: A prospective 1‐year follow‐up in a population‐based setting (2001)

The aims of this study were to examine the frequency of, and the reasons for, emergency hospitalization for asthma among children. In addition, the costs of hospital treatment, preventive medication, and productivity losses of the caregivers were evaluated in a population-based setting during 1 year. Data on purchases of regular asthma medication were obtained from the Social Insurance Institution. In total, 106 (2.3/1000) children aged up to 15 years were admitted 136 times for asthma exacerbation to the Kuopio University Hospital in 1998. This represented approximately 5% of all children with asthma in the area. The trigger for the exacerbation was respiratory infection in 63% of the episodes, allergen exposure in 24%, and unknown in 13%. The age-adjusted risk for admittance was 5.3% in children on inhaled steroids, 5.8% in those on cromones, and 7.9% in those with no regular medication for asthma. The mean direct cost for an admission was $1,209 (median $908; range $454-6,812) and the indirect cost was $358 ($316; $253-1,139). The cost of regular medication for asthma was, on average, $272 per admitted child on maintenance. The annual total cost as a result of asthma rose eight-fold if a child on regular medication was admitted for asthma.
Noise-induced hyperactivity in the inferior colliculus: its relationship with hyperactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (2012)

Intense noise exposure causes hyperactivity to develop in the mammalian dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and inferior colliculus (IC). It has not yet been established whether the IC hyperactivity is driven by hyperactivity from extrinsic sources that include the DCN or instead is maintained independently of this input. We have investigated the extent to which IC hyperactivity is dependent on input from the contralateral DCN by comparing recordings of spontaneous activity in the IC of noise-exposed and control hamsters before and after ablation of the contralateral DCN. One group of animals was binaurally exposed to intense sound (10 kHz, 115 dB SPL, 4 h), whereas the control group was not. Both groups were studied electrophysiologically 2-3 wk later by first mapping spontaneous activity along the tonotopic axis of the IC to confirm induction of hyperactivity. Spontaneous activity was then recorded at a hyperactive IC locus over two 30-min periods, one with DCNs intact and the other after ablation of the contralateral DCN. In a subset of animals, activity was again mapped along the tonotopic axis after the time course of the activity was recorded before and after DCN ablation. Following recordings, the brains were fixed, and histological evaluations were performed to assess the extent of DCN ablation. Ablation of the DCN resulted in major reductions of IC hyperactivity. Levels of postablation activity in exposed animals were similar to the levels of activity in the IC of control animals, indicating an almost complete loss of hyperactivity in exposed animals. The results suggest that hyperactivity in the IC is dependent on support from extrinsic sources that include and may even begin with the DCN. This finding does not rule out longer term compensatory or homeostatic adjustments that might restore hyperactivity in the IC over time.
Phytochrome Control of Its Own Synthesis in Pisum sativum (1984)

Journal Article Phytochrome Control of Its Own Synthesis in Pisum sativum Get access Veit Otto, Veit Otto 1Biological Institute II, University of FreiburgSchänzlestrasse 1, D-7800 Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany2Division of Biological Regulation, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki, Akhi 444, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eberhard Schäfer, Eberhard Schäfer 3 1Biological Institute II, University of FreiburgSchänzlestrasse 1, D-7800 Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany 3To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Nagatani, Akira Nagatani 2Division of Biological Regulation, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki, Akhi 444, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kotaro T. Yamamoto, Kotaro T. Yamamoto 2Division of Biological Regulation, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki, Akhi 444, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masaki Furuya Masaki Furuya 2Division of Biological Regulation, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki, Akhi 444, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 25, Issue 8, December 1984, Pages 1579–1584, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076873 Published: 01 December 1984 Article history Received: 13 August 1984 Accepted: 17 September 1984 Published: 01 December 1984