gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines (2007)

Two different approaches have been adopted for the cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs): vitrification and conventional slow cooling/rapid warming. The vitrification method described here is designed for hESCs that grow as discrete colonies on a feeder cell monolayer, and are subcultured by manual subdivision of the colonies into multicellular clumps. hESCs that are subcultured by enzymatic dissociation can more conveniently be cryopreserved by conventional slow cooling/rapid warming methods. Although both methods are suitable for use in a research context, neither is suitable for cryopreservation of embryonic stem cells destined for clinical diagnostic or therapeutic uses without modification.
A support vector machine approach for detection of microcalcifications in mammograms (2003)

Microcalcification (MC) clusters in mammograms can be an indicator of breast cancer. We propose, for the first time, the use of support vector machine (SVM) learning for automated detection of MCs in digitized mammograms. In the proposed framework, MC detection is formulated as a supervised-learning problem and the method of SVM is employed to develop the detection algorithm. The proposed method is developed and evaluated using a database of 76 mammograms containing 1120 MCs. To evaluate detection performance, free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curves are used. Experimental results demonstrate that, when compared to several other existing methods, the proposed SVM framework offers the best performance.
Critical Parameters in the Quantitation of the Stages of Initiation, Promotion, and Progression in One Model of Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat (1989)

Critical parameters in the quantitation of altered hepatic foci (AHF) developing during multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat include: 1) the enumeration of AHF induced by test agents as well as those AHF occurring spontaneously in livers of untreated animals; 2) the volume percentage or fraction of the liver occupied by all AHF as a reflection of the total number of altered cells within the liver and the degree of tumor promotion which has occurred; and 3) the phenotype of individual AHF as determined by multiple markers with serial sections. These parameters, especially the number of AHF, should be corrected by the presence of spontaneous AHF which increase with the age of the animal, more so in males than females. While accurate estimation of the background level of spontaneous AHF can be important in demonstrating that a carcinogenic agent does not possess the ability to increase the numbers of AHF above the background level, a better method to distinguish the effectiveness and relative potencies of agents as initiators or promoters is reviewed. The relative effectiveness of four different markers--gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST), canalicular ATPase, and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase)--was described for the chemicals C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 and chlorendic acid as promoting agents in males and females. C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 is a more effective promoting agent in females than males, and AHF exhibit extremely low numbers scored by GGT. On the other hand, the numbers of AHF present in livers of male rats promoted by this agent are more than twice those seen in livers of female animals, possibly owing to the effectiveness of this agent as an initiator in the male but not the female. Very few AHF, especially in the male, are scored by GGT during chlorendic acid promotion. The distribution of phenotypes with these markers also differs in the spontaneous AHF appearing in the livers of animals fed 0.05% phenobarbital on either a crude NIH-07 or AIN-76 purified diet. Such studies emphasize the extreme dependence of the promoting stage of hepatocarcinogenesis on environmental factors of sex, diet, and the molecular nature of the promoting agent itself. The hallmark of the final stage of progression in the development of hepatocellular carcinomas is aneuploidy, which may be reflected by phenotypic heterogeneity within individual AHF, termed foci-in-foci. The implications of such quantitative analyses during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by specific agents in relation to the specific action of the agent at one or more of the stages of hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed.
Inositol hexaphosphate and its Cu(II) coordinate complex as inhibitors of intestinal alkaline phosphatase. (1989)

Myo-Inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid), a naturally occurring plant constituent capable of forming coordinate complexes with polyvalent cations, reversibly inhibits the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate by alkaline phosphatase. Kinetics of the inhibition is of the strictly competitive type with Ki equal to 260 microM at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees. A similar result is also obtained in the presence of an inositol hexaphosphate-cupric ion coordinate complex. This inhibition of substrate hydrolysis by either inositol hexaphosphate or its Cu(II) complex is to be differentiated from the effect of the latter on alkaline phosphatase in the absence of substrate. In this case total inhibition of the enzyme is obtained in a time-dependent process which apparently involves a metal ion exchange reaction, i.e., substitution of the enzyme's zinc atoms for copper atoms. The effect of inositol hexaphosphate on alkaline phosphatase contrasts with that of inorganic phosphate which gives inhibition kinetics of the partially competitive type with Ki (for its effect on KM) 17.1 microM; a value close to that of KM for the substrate (15.2 microM). At a low phosphate concentration relative to that of inositol hexaphosphate in the assay solution the observed inhibition was partially additive. At a higher phosphate to inositol hexaphosphate ratio, the inhibition was essentially a phosphate effect. This provides additional support for the conclusion that Inositol hexaphosphate and, by extension, an inositol hexaphosphate-Cu(II) complex inhibits alkaline phosphatase by interaction at the active sites in competition with the substrate.
Action of staphylococcal nuclease on synthetic substrates (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of staphylococcal nuclease on synthetic substratesPedro Cuatrecasas, Meir Wilchek, and Christian B. AnfinsenCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 6, 2277–2284Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00834a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00834a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic calibration of fish-eye cameras from automotive video sequences (2010)

A technique for calibrating a lens in the automotive environment to compensate for radial distortion introduced by wide-angle or fish-eye lenses, without the need for a dedicated calibration environment, is proposed. At present, car manufacturers are endeavouring to introduce systems that provide the driver with views of the car's surroundings that are not directly visible (blind zones). To achieve this, wide-angle/fish-eye lens cameras are fitted to many modern vehicles to maximise the field of view. However, fish-eye lenses introduce undesirable radial distortion to the resulting images that can be compensated for by post-processing the images. Calibration of the camera is important for fish-eye compensation, because each camera has different intrinsic properties. However, in some situations, calibration via specific calibration set-up can be undesirable. For example, in automotive mass production, where time and space on a production line have a direct impact on cost, even minutes spent on calibration is costly. In these situations, automatic calibration can reduce production time and alleviate the associated costs. It is proposed that the radial distortion introduced by fish-eye lenses can be calibrated using video normally captured by the camera on a vehicle. Here, it is proposed to heuristically extract real-world straight lines from image frames captured in an automotive environment and use these to calibrate the fish-eye camera for radial distortion.
Coupling Agent Effect on Magnetic Properties of Functionalized Magnetite-Based Nanoparticles (2008)

The effect of surface inorganic−organic interactions on magnetic and structural properties of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles functionalized by lipophilic stilbene molecules has been investigated. The molecules have been grafted through either phosphonate or carboxylate coupling agents. Mössbauer spectra recorded at 300 and 77K suggest a global composition of Fe2.82O4 for the two types of functionalization. Complementary in-field Mössbauer and SQUID measurements have demonstrated that the nanoparticles consist in a magnetite core surrounded by an oxidized layer. The oxidized shell exhibits a spin canting in the carboxylate case leading to a decrease of the net magnetization of the oxide nanoparticle. No canting occurs in the phosphonate case, and the magnetic properties are therefore preserved. The magnetic properties thus depend on the coupling agent, e.g., surface interactions. This result is of primary importance to tune the magnetic properties of functionalized nanoparticles for biomedical and high density storage media applications.
UbiREMOTE (2010)

In this paper, we propose a framework named ``UbiREMOTE'' for controlling information appliances connected to a home network with a unified and intuitive user interface from a remote place.The UbiREMOTE framework provides users with a way to control appliances in a home through a virtual space drawn on a mobile terminal screen which reflects the latest conditions of the real appliances and the rooms in the home. With UbiREMOTE, a user controls appliances by (1) moving to the front of an appliance, (2) choosing the appliance to control and (3) pushing buttons on the virtual remote controller which imitates the real remote controller for the appliance or the real console.In this paper, we propose a method to improve the drawing speed of 3D virtual space on mobile terminals and a method for automatically reflecting condition changes of the real space in the virtual space.We implemented the methods and evaluated the performance. The results showed that the proposed methods can be practically used on small mobile terminals.
Colombian fusel oil (2016)

By-products valorization in bio-fuels industry is an important issue for making the global process more efficient, more profitable and closer to the concept of biorefinery. Fusel oil is a by-product of bioethanol production that can be considered as an inexpensive and renewable raw material for manufacturing value-added products. In this work, results in terms of composition and physicochemical properties of six samples of fusel oil from industrial alcohol facilities are presented. Composition of the main components was established by gas chromatography. Complementary techniques, such as headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were used for detection of minor components. Fifty-five compounds were identified. Physicochemical properties such as density, acid value, moisture content and true boiling point curves were determined. Results are useful in the conceptual design of separation strategies for recovering higher alcohols, as well as to consider new options of valorization alternatives for fusel oil.
X-ray lithographic patterning of magnetic bubble circuits with submicron dimensions (1979)

An x-ray process is described which permits the fabrication of submicrometer single level masking bubble devices. The process includes electron-beam patterning of the master x-ray mask followed by a CuLα x-ray copy to pattern a negative x-ray mask. Enhancements of electron-beam lithography are described which permit fabrication of 1/4 μm mask structures with 70 Å resolution. The x-ray process is applied to the SLM fabrication of 1 μm magnetic bubble devices with 1/2 μm features, and propagation characteristics of these devices are reported.
Electronic Throttle Control as an Emission Reduction Device (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It has long been believed that closer control of air fuel ratio during transients was achievable if the direct link between accelerator pedal and throttle was removed and replaced by a throttle controlled electronically. This paper charts the progress of a collaborative research program tasked with assessing the emission reduction potential of a vehicle fitted with an electronic throttle attempting real transients. The report reveals details of early feed forward fuel strategies and concludes with different catalyst loading emission comparisons from specific transient tests and complete FTP 75 drive cycles.</div>
Cryptographically Enforced Conditional Access for XML (2002)

Access control for databases is typically enforced by a trusted server responsible for permitting or denying users access to the database. This server-based protection model is increasingly becoming inconvenient for web based applications. We propose encryption techniques that allow XML documents to be distributed over the web to clients for local processing while maintaining certain access controls. In particular, we focus on conditional access controls, where a user is granted access to certain data elements conditioned on the user&apos;s existing knowledge of another part of the data. We believe such access controls are important in practice, and that enforcing them cryptographically on remote instances allows for more flexible data dissemination and processing.
GPR142 Controls Tryptophan-Induced Insulin and Incretin Hormone Secretion to Improve Glucose Metabolism (2016)

GPR142, a putative amino acid receptor, is expressed in pancreatic islets and the gastrointestinal tract, but the ligand affinity and physiological role of this receptor remain obscure. In this study, we show that in addition to L-Tryptophan, GPR142 signaling is also activated by L-Phenylalanine but not by other naturally occurring amino acids. Furthermore, we show that Tryptophan and a synthetic GPR142 agonist increase insulin and incretin hormones and improve glucose disposal in mice in a GPR142-dependent manner. In contrast, Phenylalanine improves in vivo glucose disposal independently of GPR142. Noteworthy, refeeding-induced elevations in insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are blunted in Gpr142 null mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate GPR142 is a Tryptophan receptor critically required for insulin and incretin hormone regulation and suggest GPR142 agonists may be effective therapies that leverage amino acid sensing pathways for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Thermal Contact Conductance of a Bone-Dry Paper Handsheet/Metal Interface (1992)

An apparatus was constructed for determination of the thermal contact conductance for a paper handsheet/metal interface and for measurement of the effective thermal conductivity of handsheet samples. Bone-dry Bleached Southern Mixed Kraft hand-sheets with a water retention value of 1.832 were used to study the effect of pressure on thermal contact conductance and to measure the effective thermal conductivity of samples at various sheet density levels. A regression model describing the interface thermal contact conductance as a function of pressure and basis weight was derived. The contact conductance increases with increasing pressure or with decreasing basis weight. At a pressure of 2.3 kPa, the value of the interface contact conductance for the bone-dry samples considered ranges from approximately 97 W/m2K for a sheet of 348.7 g/m2 basis weight to 200 W/m2K for a sheet of 68.0 g/m2 basis weight. For pressures near 300 kPa, these values increase to 146 and 452 W/m2K, respectively. The effective thermal conductivity of the handsheet samples was derived from measured values of overall joint conductance and interface contact conductance. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of the bone-dry samples increases with increasing sheet density, ranging from 0.14 W/mK to 0.70 W/mK for sheet densities of 90 kg/m3 to 500 kg/m3, respectively, for the samples considered.
Interferon γ Downregulates Stem Cell Factor and Erythropoietin Receptors But Not Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptors in Human Erythroid Colony-Forming Cells (1997)

Interferon γ (IFNγ) has been shown to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and to produce apoptosis of erythroid cells, whereas stem cell factor (SCF ), erythropoietin (EP), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have distinct roles in enhancing erythroid cell production and preventing apoptosis. The mechanism by which IFNγ exerts an inhibitory effect on the positive roles of these growth factors is unknown. Although some inhibitory cytokines including IFNγ have been shown to downregulate growth factor receptors, the effect of IFNγ on SCF, EP, and IGF-I receptors of human erythroid progenitor cells has not been defined. We obtained highly purified day-5 or day-6 erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from human blood in sufficient quantity and purity for radiolabeled cytokine binding studies and analysis of mRNA. When day-5 ECFCs were incubated with increasing concentrations of recombinant human (rh) IFNγ for 24 hours at 37°C, specific binding of 125I-rhSCF to SCF receptors was significantly decreased by 25% to 40% in a dose-dependent fashion, with the maximum effect at 2,500 to 5,000 U/mL of IFNγ. The decrease was apparent by 12 hours of incubation and was only slightly lower by 24 hours. The numbers of SCF and EP receptors, but not of IGF-I receptors, per ECFC, calculated by Scatchard analysis, were significantly decreased by 30% and 23% to 25%, respectively, after incubation with 2,500 U/mL rhIFNγ for 24 hours at 37°C, whereas the binding affinities were not affected. This decrease in SCF receptors was confirmed by flow cytometry using an anti–c-kit mouse monoclonal antibody. Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNAs for the SCF and EP receptors, but not for the IGF-I receptors, were decreased by 50% to 60% after 3 hours of incubation at 37°C with 2,500 U/mL of rhIFNγ. This persisted for 24 hours without alteration of the stability of the SCF and EP receptor mRNAs. These observations suggest that one means by which IFNγ inhibits erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation and produces apoptosis may be through the reduction of the number of target receptors for SCF and EP and that this occurs through transcriptional inhibition of the corresponding mRNAs.
A Face in any Form: New Challenges and Opportunities for Face Recognition Technology (2017)

Despite new technologies that make face detection and recognition more sophisticated, long-recognized problems in security, privacy, and accuracy persist. Refining this technology and introducing it into new domains will require solving these problems through focused interdisciplinary efforts among developers, researchers, and policymakers.
Solenoid Type 3-D Passives(Inductors and Trans- formers) For Advanced Mobile Telecommunication Systems (2002)

In this paper, solenoid-type 3-D passives (inductors and transformers) have been designed, fabricated, and characterized by using electroplating techniques, wire bonding techniques, multi-layer thick photoresist, and low temperature processes which are compatible with semiconductor circuitry fabrication. Two different fabrication approaches are performed to develop the solenoid-type 3-D passives and relationship of performance characteristics and geometry is also deeply investigated such as windings, cross-sectional area of core, spacing between windings, and turn ratio. Fully integrated inductor has a quality factor of 31 at 6 GHz, an inductance of 2.7 nH, and a self resonant frequency of 15.8 GHz. Bonded wire inductor has a quality factor of 120, an inductance of 20 nH, and a self resonant frequency of 8 GHz. Integrated transformers with turn ratios of 1:1 and n:1 have the minimum insertion loss of about 0.6 dB and the wide bandwidth of a few GHz.
An immunoinformatic approach for identification of Trypanosoma cruzi HLA-A2-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell epitopes (2015)

Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease caused by persistent chronic infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. An estimated 8 million people are infected with T. cruzi, however only 2 drugs are approved for treatment and no vaccines are available. Thus there is an urgent need to develop vaccines and new drugs to prevent and treat Chagas disease. In this work, we identify T cell targets relevant for human infection with T. cruzi. The trans-sialidase (TS) gene family is a large family of homologous genes within the T. cruzi genome encoding over 1,400 members. There are 12 highly conserved TS gene family members which encode enzymatically active TS (functional TS; F-TS), while the remaining TS family genes are less conserved, enzymatically inactive and have been hypothesized to be involved in immune evasion (non-functional TS; NF-TS). We utilized immunoinformatic tools to identify HLA-A2-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes conserved within F-TS family members and NF-TS gene family members. We also utilized a whole-genome approach to identify T cell epitopes present within genes which have previously been shown to be expressed in life stages relevant for human infection (Non-TS genes). Thirty immunogenic HLA-A2-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes were identified using IFN-γ ELISPOT assays after vaccination of humanized HLA-A2 transgenic mice with mature dendritic cells pulsed with F-TS, NF-TS, and Non-TS peptide pools. The immunogenic HLA-A2-restricted T cell epitopes identified in this work may serve as potential components of an epitope-based T cell targeted vaccine for Chagas disease.