gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping Infant Brain Myelination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2011)

Myelination, the elaboration of myelin surrounding neuronal axons, is essential for normal brain function. The development of the myelin sheath enables rapid synchronized communication across the neural systems responsible for higher order cognitive functioning. Despite this critical role, quantitative visualization of myelination in vivo is not possible with current neuroimaging techniques including diffusion tensor and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although these techniques offer insight into structural maturation, they reflect several different facets of development, e.g., changes in axonal size, density, coherence, and membrane structure; lipid, protein, and macromolecule content; and water compartmentalization. Consequently, observed signal changes are ambiguous, hindering meaningful inferences between imaging findings and metrics of learning, behavior or cognition. Here we present the first quantitative study of myelination in healthy human infants, from 3 to 11 months of age. Using a new myelin-specific MRI technique, we report a spatiotemporal pattern beginning in the cerebellum, pons, and internal capsule; proceeding caudocranially from the splenium of the corpus callosum and optic radiations (at 3-4 months); to the occipital and parietal lobes (at 4-6 months); and then to the genu of the corpus callosum and frontal and temporal lobes (at 6-8 months). Our results also offer preliminary evidence of hemispheric myelination rate differences. This work represents a significant step forward in our ability to appreciate the fundamental process of myelination, and provides the first ever in vivo visualization of myelin maturation in healthy human infancy.
Comparison of Rechargeable Lithium and Nickel/Cadmium Battery Cells for Implantable Circulatory Support Devices (1994)

Size and weight constraints are critical areas in the design of implantable medical devices. For this reason, a study of different rechargeable lithium and nickel/cadmium (Ni/Cd) battery cell types was undertaken to determine which cell type, when assembled into a multicell battery pack, would provide the smallest and lightest power source for implantation. The discharge rate and cycle life characteristics of 2 different rectangular prismatic Ni/Cd cells and 5 different rechargeable lithium cells were determined at 37 degrees C by charge/discharge cycling, the cells using a constant discharge load of 0.87 A. Using the observed discharge rate and cycle life characteristics of the cells, along with the desired performance criteria of 30 min operating time at the end of a 1-year implant period, the projected weight and volume of the various 12-V battery packs were determined. These results showed that one of the rectangular prismatic Ni/Cd cells would yield the smallest (53 ml) and lightest (189 g) 12-V battery pack that met the performance criteria specified. The results also indicate that, for applications requiring long implant times, cycle life can be more important in the selection of cells for a small, lightweight battery pack than specific energy or energy density.
Timing of potential and metabolic brain energy (2007)

The temporal relationship between cerebral electro-physiological activities, higher brain functions and brain energy metabolism is reviewed. The duration of action potentials and transmission through glutamate and GABA are most often less than 5 ms. Subjects may perform complex psycho-physiological tasks within 50 to 200 ms, and perception of conscious experience requires 0.5 to 2 s. Activation of cerebral oxygen consumption starts after at least 100 ms and increases of local blood flow become maximal after about 1 s. Current imaging technologies are unable to detect rapid physiological brain functions. We introduce the concepts of potential and metabolic brain energy to distinguish trans-membrane gradients of ions or neurotransmitters and the capacity to generate energy from intra- or extra-cerebral substrates, respectively. Higher brain functions, such as memory retrieval, speaking, consciousness and self-consciousness are so fast that their execution depends primarily on fast neurotransmission (in the millisecond range) and action-potentials. In other words: brain functioning requires primarily maximal potential energy. Metabolic brain energy is necessary to restore and maintain the potential energy.
WiMAX Security Architecture - Analysis and Assessment (2007)

The importance of IEEE-standard 802.16 WiMAX is growing and will compete with technologies such as UMTS. However, acceptance and adoption of technologies and services also depend on security. Therefore, this article will deal with some of the basic security features of WiMAX. It will summarize the most important elements of the WiMAX security architecture, present some of its weaknesses, potential attacks and viable counter measurements.
Determination of Transport Properties in Carbonate Rock Sample Using Multi-scale CT Images (2016)

Summary Transport properties in carbonate reservoir rocks are very difficult to determine because they are strongly affected by the heterogeneities. Lab measurements can be used to measure the rock properties, but it’s difficult to obtain the insight of heterogeneity in the rock visually, and to understand how it influences the flow mechanisms. Digital rock physics (DRP) can be used to compute rock properties from CT images and provide a better view and understanding on how the pores are connected in rocks and contributing to simulations. However, DRP simulations strongly depend on the image quality. Low-resolution images hardly provide detailed pore-throat information while high-resolution image are at small scales for real sample size. Therefore, to study the heterogeneity and transport properties, multi-scale images with multi resolutions are needed. Low-resolution image provides a larger scale porosity map, which helps to locate the subsample for high-resolution CT scan while high-resolution images are used to compute rock properties. A proposed upscaling method is used to go from calculations at high resolution to low resolution core plug image scale. By comparing the simulations with the lab measurements, the accuracy of DRP methods is proved, and the heterogeneity and transport properties in carbonate rock sample are studied.
A vehicle electric control unit over-the-air reprogramming system (2015)

For the purpose of aftermarket automotive ECU (Electric Control Unit) software upgrading, it is necessary to build an automotive ECU OTA(Over-The-Air) reprogramming system. To obtain a convenient electronic control unit upgrading that aftermarket consumers can achieve by themselves, the server system should be connected to 3G / 4G which is linked to a VCI (Vehicle Communication Interface) System. The VCI is also connected to OBD II, vehicle network and finally to the ECU. Accuracy and flexibility of the reprogramming file can be ensured by establishing a correspondence with the VIN code (the only identification code of a vehicle) and the reprogramming file. A reprogramming program can be developed based on the android system on the VCI and a connection with the CAN bus. The update command is sent out by smart phone. Tests made proved that the system is reliable, convenient and greatly simplifies the reprogramming process.
Defects, structure, and chemistry of InP–GaAs interfaces obtained by wafer bonding (2000)

We have examined the crystallographic structure of GaAs/InP interfaces obtained by wafer fusion following different procedures. Plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveal that the interface is not only composed of a regular array of two sets of edge dislocations and is more complex than generally supposed. If a twist is created due to misalignment of the two substrates, the dislocations are not edge dislocations but also have a screw component. Dislocations for which the Burgers vectors have a component normal to the interface are also present. Those dislocations probably result from steps and some of them accommodate the tilt between the two substrates. Inclusions and voids as well as a low number of volume dislocations are present in all the samples. The observed volume dislocation density near the interface lies in the 105–107 cm−2 range and these volume dislocations may be associated with thermal mismatch. The origin of all these defects is discussed.
Nuclear magnetic resonance abnormalities of the cerebral white matter in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma during and after central nervous system prophylactic treatment with intrathecal methotrexate (1992)

The possible causal relationship between leukoencephalopathy and the antimetabolic effects of MTX is discussed. This study clearly shows that NMR imaging is valuable in the early diagnosis and management of treatment-induced leukoencephalopathy.
Bipartite DNA-binding region of the Epstein-Barr virus BMRF1 product essential for DNA polymerase accessory function (1995)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BMRF1 gene product is necessary for DNA polymerase catalytic subunit (BALF5) activity in 100 mM ammonium sulfate. To map regions of BMRF1 necessary for polymerase accessory function, linker insertion and deletion mutant BMRF1 polypeptides were expressed by in vitro transcription-translation and assayed for DNA polymerase elongation activity and binding to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-cellulose. Amino-terminal deletions up to residue 303 were defective for stimulation of elongation. Deletions between residues 44 and 194 and residues 238 and 303 abolished binding to dsDNA-cellulose. The region from residues 194 to 238, therefore, is necessary for stimulation of BALF5 elongation but dispensable for dsDNA-cellulose binding. Deletion analysis also localized reactive epitopes of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to BMRF1 to a carboxy-terminal region which is dispensable for activity. These data suggest that a bipartite DNA-binding region is an essential component of the DNA polymerase accessory function and that the two noncontiguous regions are separated by a region (residues 194 to 217) which is essential for stimulation; therefore, it may interact with the BALF5 catalytic subunit of EBV DNA polymerase. Both EBV BMRF1 and herpes simplex virus UL42 gene products are DNA polymerase accessory proteins which bind dsDNA and increase the processivity of their corresponding catalytic components. Outstanding similarities between their primary amino acid sequences are not evident. However, it appears that their structural organizations are similar.
<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis:</i>a Prototypical Emerging Pathogen (2003)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical "emerging infection." Knowledge of the biology and natural history of E. chaffeensis, and of the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of the zoonotic disease it causes (commonly referred to as human monocytic ehrlichiosis [HME]) has expanded considerably in the period since its discovery. In this review, we summarize briefly the current understanding of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations associated with this pathogen but focus primarily on discussing various ecological factors responsible for the recent recognition of this important and potentially life-threatening tick-borne disease. Perhaps the most pivotal element in the emergence of HME has been the staggering increases in white-tailed deer populations in the eastern United States during the 20th century. This animal serves as a keystone host for all life stages of the principal tick vector (Amblyomma americanum) and is perhaps the most important vertebrate reservoir host for E. chaffeensis. The contributions of other components, including expansion of susceptible human populations, growth and broadening geographical distributions of other potential reservoir species and A. americanum, and improvements in confirmatory diagnostic methods, are also explored.
Coaxial‐Structured Weavable and Wearable Electroluminescent Fibers (2017)

Abstract Flexible, lightweight, and wearable devices are currently attracting tremendous interest in the field of advanced electronics. In this work, novel 1D, flexible, coaxial‐structured, bright and colorful alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) fibers consisting of AgNW‐based electrodes, a ZnS phosphor layer, and silicone dielectric and encapsulation layers are designed and fabricated through a simple protocol. This facile all‐solution‐based fabrication protocol enables scalable production of long ACEL fibers (>12 cm). Stemming from the rational design and facile fabrication process, the as‐prepared ACEL fibers exhibit uniform, bright, and angularly independent luminance (up to 202 cd m −2 @ 195 V and 2 kHz). Benefiting mainly from the robust AgNW‐based electrodes and versatile silicone, the ACEL fibers exhibit additionally excellent flexibility and mechanical stability, being capable to maintain ≈91% of luminance after 500 bending‐recovery cycles, as well as mitigated luminance degradation after continuous work in ambient. The proper length combined with superb mechanical properties makes the ACEL fibers readily weavable. Most notably, the isolating, hydrophobic, and biocompatible silicone encapsulation layer endows the ACEL fibers unprecedented wearability. Eventually, a proof‐of‐concept ACEL fabric is demonstrated by weaving the as‐prepared long ACEL fibers, to show the future perspective of directly weaving ACEL fibers into densely arrayed wearable functional cloths.
Insulin Peptides. XIII. The Synthesis of a Dodecapeptide Derivative Containing the C-Terminal Sequence of the A Chain of Sheep Insulin<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsulin Peptides. XIII. The Synthesis of a Dodecapeptide Derivative Containing the C-Terminal Sequence of the A Chain of Sheep Insulin1,2Panayotis G. Katsoyannis, Andrew M. Tometsko, and Clyde ZalutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 23, 5618–5621Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00975a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00975a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative Detection of PLGA Nanoparticle Degradation in Tissues following Intravenous Administration (2013)

The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been extensively utilized and investigated as a drug delivery system. Although in vivo biodegradation (at specific administration sites only) of PLGA-based drug delivery constructs, such as foams and microparticles, has been studied, quantitative in vivo biodegradation of distributed polymer nanoparticles has not been accomplished and is quintessential for designing formulations to achieve desired pharmacokinetic properties of a drug in a target tissue. We determined the in vivo degradation kinetics of PLGA nanoparticles, of two sizes, distributed in liver, spleen, and lungs following intravenous administration. In addition, we simultaneously determined the amount of polymer in tissues. Nanoparticle degradation in vitro and in vivo appears to be a first-order process, and useful correlations were obtained between in vitro and in vivo tissue degradation of the nanoparticles. The ability to detect in vivo degradation and biodistribution of polymer nanoparticles is a significant milestone for the rational design of degradable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems capable of delivering the therapeutic agent in a closely predictable manner to target tissue.
Structure and characterization of a novel chicken biotin-binding protein A (BBP-A) (2007)

BBP-A is an avidin-like protein having a beta-barrel fold and high affinity towards BTN. However, BBP-A differs from the other known members of the avidin protein family in thermal stability and immunological properties. BBP-A also has a unique ligand-binding property, the ability to bind BTN and BSO at comparable affinities. BBP-A may have use as a novel material in, e.g. modern bio(nano)technological applications.
GPU accelerated one-pass algorithm for computing minimal rectangles of connected components (2011)

The connected component labeling is an essential task for detecting moving objects and tracking them in video surveillance application. Since tracking algorithms are designed for real-time applications, efficiencies of the underlying algorithms become critical. In this paper we present a new one-pass algorithm for computing minimal binding rectangles of all the connected components of background foreground segmented video frames (binary data) using GPU accelerator. The given image frame is scanned once in raster scan mode and the background foreground transition information is stored in a directed-graph where each transition is represented by a node. This data structure contains the locations of object edges in every row, and it is used to detect connected components in the image and extract its main features, e.g. bounding box size and location, location of the centroid, real size, etc. Further we use GPU acceleration to speed up feature extraction from the image to a directed graph from which minimal bounding rectangles will be computed subsequently. Also we compare the performance of GPU acceleration (using Tesla C2050 accelerator card) with the performance of multi-core (up 24 cores) general purpose CPU implementation of the algorithm.
Hypoxia Increases Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Cancer Stem Cells through the Activation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (2014)

Accumulating evidence indicates that a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is involved in intrinsic resistance to cancer treatment. The hypoxic microenvironment is an important stem cell niche that promotes the persistence of CSCs in tumors. Our aim here was to elucidate the role of hypoxia and CSCs in the resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. NSCLC cell lines, PC9 and HCC827, which express the EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations, were exposed to high concentration of gefitinib under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Seven days after gefitinib exposure, a small fraction of viable cells were detected, and these were referred to as "gefitinib-resistant persisters" (GRPs). CD133, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, CXCR4, and ALDH1A1-all genes involved in stemness-were highly expressed in GRPs in PC9 and HCC827 cells, and PC9 GRPs exhibited a high potential for tumorigenicity in vivo. The expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was also upregulated and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) was activated on GRPs. Importantly, hypoxic exposure significantly increased sphere formation, reflecting the self-renewal capability, and the population of CD133- and Oct4-positive GRPs. Additionally, hypoxia upregulated IGF1 expression through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and markedly promoted the activation of IGF1R on GRPs. Knockdown of IGF1 expression significantly reduced phosphorylated IGF1R-expressing GRPs under hypoxic conditions. Finally, inhibition of HIF1α or IGF1R by specific inhibitors significantly decreased the population of CD133- and Oct4-positive GRPs, which were increased by hypoxia in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that hypoxia increased the population of lung CSCs resistant to gefitinib in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC by activating IGF1R. Targeting the IGF1R pathway may be a promising strategy for overcoming gefitinib resistance in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC induced by lung CSCs and microenvironment factors such as tumor hypoxia.
Stent + Radiation No Sure Cure for Stenosis (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cathode Spot Phenomena in Low Current Vacuum Arcs on Arc‐Cleaned Electrode Surfaces. II. Spot Dynamics (1993)

Abstract Part II of the paper presents results of high temporal and spatial resolution experiments with vacuum arcs on pre‐arced surfaces. Immobile spots, continuous spot motion and spot position oscillations have been observed. Tentative explanations of these phenomena are offered.
Ex-vivo removal of mammalian immunoglobulin G: method and immunological alterations. (1978)

We have described a clinically feasible method capable of rapidly and repeatedly removing mammalian IgG extracorporeally by adsorption onto heat-killed, formalin-stabilized Staphylococcus aureus Cowan-I. In dogs, 2-13 grams of IgG were removed in 60-70 minutes, lowering the serum concentration of IgG by 30-70 percent. Serum IgG levels returned to pre-run values within 48-72 hours and, in some cases, were higher than pre-run levels at 48-72 hours. Serum biochemical alterations were generally transient and relatively modest. Peripheral lymphocyte counts showed minimal changes but the percentage of erythrocyte rosette forming cells appeared to increase with successive runs. This method is safe and efficient, and can be repetitively performed at short intervals in dogs. This method may prove useful in diseases in which rapid removal of circulating IgG is desired.