gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving face recognition with a quality-based probabilistic framework (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of developing facial image quality metrics that are predictive of the performance of existing biometric matching algorithms and incorporating the quality estimates into the recognition decision process to improve overall performance. The first task we consider is the separation of probe/gallery qualities since the match score depends on both. Given a set of training images of the same individual, we find the match scores between all possible probe/gallery image pairs. Then, we define symmetric normalized match score for any pair, model it as the average of the qualities of probe/gallery corrupted by additive noise, and estimate the quality values such that the noise is minimized. To utilize quality in the decision process, we employ a Bayesian network to model the relationships among qualities, predefined quality related image features and recognition. The recognition decision is made by probabilistic inference via this model. We illustrate with various face verification experiments that incorporating quality into the decision process can improve the performance significantly.
FABRICATION OF STM TUNGSTEN NANOTIP BY ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING METHOD (2009)

With developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology, Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) has found a wide application in imaging the atoms, molecules, and nanostructures. This microscope uses an ultra sharp metallic tip for scanning sample surface to produce surface topographic image with atomic resolution. Reliability and resolution of STM images depend largely on the sharpness of the tip apex and repeatability of images depends on mechanical strength of tip material. During last decades, a variety of techniques and processes have been developed for fabrication of different metallic tips made from tungsten, platinum, platinum–iridium, gold, and silver. Electrochemical etching process is the most popular method for fabrication of nanotips with desired quality, reliability, and reproducibility and tungsten is normally the first choice for fabrication of STM tips as it has a high mechanical strength as well as a good electrical conductivity. Fabrication of STM tungsten tip by using electrochemical etching method and tip characterization has been the subject of several researches. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, effect of voltage type (AC/DC), time delay in turning off the voltage, tungsten wire diameter, environmental vibrations, electrolyte type, cathode material, and perpendicularity of tungsten wire (toward electrolyte surface) on the tip sharpness have not been studied so far. In this paper, effects of these parameters on the tip shape and sharpness are investigated. A proper set-up for STM tungsten nanotip fabrication by using electrochemical etching method is presented.
Read channel for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004)

This paper discusses the signal processing requirements for a perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) read channel and presents performance measurements from a physical PMR channel, heads, and media. A signal and noise model of a PMR channel is described. Next, a search for partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) targets suited to PMR is performed. The components of a real PMR channel are described, including a modified analog front-end, differential servo mode, and an adaptive baseline-tracking loop. Finally, error rate data from a PMR spin-stand system is presented.
A voltage contrast detector for the SEM (1975)

A voltage contrast detector is described for measuring the potential of a sample in a scanning electron microscope by monitoring the energy shift in the differential secondary electron spectrum. The longterm stability of the measurement is +or-0.5 V and is independent of changes in topography of typical microelectronic devices. Use of this detector does not interfere with either the logical operation of the device or with the stroboscopic operation of the SEM.
Microsatellites: genomic distribution, putative functions and mutational mechanisms: a review (2002)

Microsatellites, or tandem simple sequence repeats (SSR), are abundant across genomes and show high levels of polymorphism. SSR genetic and evolutionary mechanisms remain controversial. Here we attempt to summarize the available data related to SSR distribution in coding and noncoding regions of genomes and SSR functional importance. Numerous lines of evidence demonstrate that SSR genomic distribution is nonrandom. Random expansions or contractions appear to be selected against for at least part of SSR loci, presumably because of their effect on chromatin organization, regulation of gene activity, recombination, DNA replication, cell cycle, mismatch repair system, etc. This review also discusses the role of two putative mutational mechanisms, replication slippage and recombination, and their interaction in SSR variation.
Effects of prolactin on intracellular calcium concentration and cell proliferation in human glioma cells (2002)

Prolactin (PRL) has several physiological effects on peripheral tissues and the brain. This hormone acts via its membrane receptor (PRL-R) to induce cell differentiation or proliferation. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with Southern blot analysis, we detected PRL-R transcripts in a human glioma cell line (U87-MG) and in primary cultured human glioblastoma cells. These transcripts were deleted or not in their extracellular domains. We examined the effects of PRL on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in these cells in order to improve our understanding of the PRL transduction mechanism, which is still poorly documented. [Ca2+](i) was measured by microspectrofluorimetry using indo-1 as the Ca2+ fluorescent probe. Spatiotemporal aspects of PRL-induced Ca2+ signals were investigated using high-speed fluo-3 confocal imaging. We found that physiological concentrations (0.4-4 nM) of PRL-stimulated Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization via a tyrosine kinase-dependent mechanism. The two types of Ca2+ responses observed were distinguishable by their kinetics: one showing a slow (type I) and the other a fast (type II) increase in [Ca2+](i). The amplitude of PRL-induced Ca2+ increases may be sufficient to provoke several physiological responses, such as stimulating proliferation. Furthermore, PRL induced a dose-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation levels and in cellular growth and survival, detected by the MTT method. These data indicate that PRL induced mitogenesis of human glioma cells.
Expression of p27/kip1 is down-regulated in human prostate carcinoma progression (1999)

p27(Kip1) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor whose down-regulation has been observed in several tumour models, including breast, colorectal, and gastric carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to assess p27(Kip1) protein expression in normal and benign prostatic epithelia as well as the possible existence of abnormalities in prostate carcinoma progression. p27(Kip1) expression was immunohistochemically analysed in 51 normal tissue samples, 11 nodular hyperplasias (NH), 22 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PIN), 56 localized prostate adenocarcinomas, and 19 metastases. Immunoblotting was performed in ten cases. Normal prostate epithelium and NH showed diffuse and intense p27(Kip1) nuclear expression in most cases. A significant p27(Kip1) down-regulation was observed in many carcinomas when compared with benign epithelium. Forty-seven cases (84 per cent) were low p27(Kip1) expressors (<50 per cent positive cells) and nine cases (16 per cent) were high p27(Kip1) expressors. p27(Kip1) down-regulation was also consistently seen in PIN. Fourteen out of 19 metastases (74 per cent) were low p27(Kip1) expressors. Six metastatic samples had their corresponding primary tumour analysed and three cases showed decreased expression in the metastasis. It is concluded that p27(Kip1) is constitutively expressed in normal and benign prostatic tissue. This expression is clearly down-regulated in neoplastic progression from the preinvasive lesions through invasive carcinoma and metastases and this therefore occurs in early stages of neoplastic transformation.
Porosity Measurements and Analysis for Metal Additive Manufacturing Process Control (2014)

Additive manufacturing techniques can produce complex, high-value metal parts, with potential applications as critical metal components such as those found in aerospace engines and as customized biomedical implants. Material porosity in these parts is undesirable for aerospace parts - since porosity could lead to premature failure - and desirable for some biomedical implants - since surface-breaking pores allows for better integration with biological tissue. Changes in a part's porosity during an additive manufacturing build may also be an indication of an undesired change in the build process. Here, we present efforts to develop an ultrasonic sensor for monitoring changes in the porosity in metal parts during fabrication on a metal powder bed fusion system. The development of well-characterized reference samples, measurements of the porosity of these samples with multiple techniques, and correlation of ultrasonic measurements with the degree of porosity are presented. A proposed sensor design, measurement strategy, and future experimental plans on a metal powder bed fusion system are also presented.
On the Convergence of Stochastic Iterative Dynamic Programming Algorithms (1993)

Recent developments in the area of reinforcement learning have y i e l d e d a n umber of new algorithms for the prediction and control of Markovian environments.These algorithms, including the TD( ) algorithm of Sutton (1988) and the Q-learning algorithm of Watkins (1989), can be motivated heuristically as approximations to dynamic programming (DP).In this paper we p r o vide a rigorous proof of convergence of these DP-based learning algorithms by relating them to the powerful techniques of stochastic approximation theory via a new convergence theorem.The theorem establishes a general class of convergent algorithms to which both TD( ) and Q-learning belong.
Influence of elevation in structuring the gut bacterial communities of Apis cerana Fab (2017)

Apis cerana F., a native honey bee of India, is an important crop pollinator and also managed for honey production and other bee products. In present study, 13 population samples were collected from different agro climatic regions of South India, with varied elevation ranging from 1 to 2268 m Mean Sea Level (MSL). The research work was carried out at the Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru during 2014-16 to understand the influence of habitat elevation on the gut colonizing bacterial communities of A. cerana. By culturing and 16S rDNA sequencing the major bacterial isolates of the gut were identified. Forty six isolates of culturable bacteria belonging to phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were identified. Bacillus sp. (Firmicutes) was predominant among higher elevation populations, while Proteobacteria (Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp.) was dominant bacterial phylotype in plain and coastal populations. From the results it was evident that variability existed in gut microbial communities among populations inhabiting different elevations. They give an insight into the gut associated microbiota niche in relation to elevation gradient, leading to honey bee health and their ecological adaptations, which contributes to conservation strategy.
A Comparison of the Lability of Mononuclear Octahedral and Dinuclear Triple-Helical Complexes of Cobalt(II) (1997)

The lability of the mononuclear octahedral complex tris(5-methyl-2-(1‘-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine)cobalt(II), [Co(2)3]2+, is compared with the dinuclear triple-helical complex tris[bis[1-methyl-2-(5‘-methylpyrid-2‘-yl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methane]dicobalt(II), [Co2(1a)3]4+. [Co(2)3]2+ undergoes rapid isomerization between mer and fac forms (k298(mer−fac) = 1.6 ± 0.2 s-1) in acetonitrile while the racemization of (−)589-[Co2(1a)3]4+ is roughly 105 times slower (k298 = 1.4 ± 2 10-5 s-1). The pressure dependence of the isomerization of [Co(2)3]2+ suggests a dissociatively activated process. The racemization of (−)589-[Co2(1a)3]4+ is found to be independent of pH above pH 4, and is not affected by added cobalt(II) or a change of solvent. Ligand exchange between [Co2(1b)3]4+ (1b = bis[1-ethyl-2-(5‘-methylpyrid-2‘-yl)benzimidazol-5-yl]methane) and free 1a may be followed by electrospray mass spectrocopy and establishes the mechanism of formation of the triple helix to be initial formation of mononuclear [Co(1a)3]2+ followed by capping by a second cobalt to give [Co2(1a)3]4+. The slow racemization of (−)589-[Co2(1a)3]4+ is attributed to the very slow dissociation of a cobalt ion from the triple helix. This inertness is attributed to the rigidity of the ligand and the tight pitch of the helix.
Chromatic confocal microscopy for multi-depth imaging of epithelial tissue (2013)

We present a novel chromatic confocal microscope capable of volumetric reflectance imaging of microstructure in non-transparent tissue. Our design takes advantage of the chromatic aberration of aspheric lenses that are otherwise well corrected. Strong chromatic aberration, generated by multiple aspheres, longitudinally disperses supercontinuum light onto the sample. The backscattered light detected with a spectrometer is therefore wavelength encoded and each spectrum corresponds to a line image. This approach obviates the need for traditional axial mechanical scanning techniques that are difficult to implement for endoscopy and susceptible to motion artifact. A wavelength range of 590-775 nm yielded a >150 µm imaging depth with ~3 µm axial resolution. The system was further demonstrated by capturing volumetric images of buccal mucosa. We believe these represent the first microstructural images in non-transparent biological tissue using chromatic confocal microscopy that exhibit long imaging depth while maintaining acceptable resolution for resolving cell morphology. Miniaturization of this optical system could bring enhanced speed and accuracy to endomicroscopic in vivo volumetric imaging of epithelial tissue.
New developments in IC voltage regulators (1971)

A temperature-compensated voltage reference that provides numerous advantages over zener diodes is described along with the implementation of thermal overload protection for monolithic circuits. The application of these and other advanced design techniques to IC voltage regulators is covered, and an example of a practical design is given.
<i>N</i>-Acetylglutamate contents in developing neonatal-rat liver mitochondria (1983)

Conference Article| June 01 1983 N-Acetylglutamate contents in developing neonatal-rat liver mitochondria JASMINE C. CHAN; JASMINE C. CHAN 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KEITH SNELL KEITH SNELL 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1983) 11 (3): 291. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110291 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JASMINE C. CHAN, KEITH SNELL; N-Acetylglutamate contents in developing neonatal-rat liver mitochondria. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1983; 11 (3): 291. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110291 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1983 Biochemical Society1983 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Visualising the social dynamics of team collaboration (2008)

The aim of this research is to develop automated computational methods that visualise a particular social dimension of teamwork, the mutual expectations and shared knowledge that form the basis for effective collaborative work, to better facilitate its accurate analysis and interpretation. This teamwork dimension is operationalised as conceptual coherence, which is imputed from the semantic coherence of team communication. This paper presents three different information visualisation techniques for representing the social dynamics of design team collaboration based on the content of their communication. This collection of data representations was developed using a custom-made software toolkit that merges computational linguistic and information visualisation algorithms. Based on this research, several teamwork visualisation guidelines have been derived in order to transform the communications of design teams into useful devices for quantifying and representing social accounting metrics concerning the level and quality of their collaborative interactions over time.
Effect of antithyroid drugs on hydroxyl radical formation and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor inactivation by neutrophils: therapeutic implications. (1998)

The release of proteolytic enzymes and generation of strong oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical by activated neutrophils has been proposed to play an important role in mediating toxin-induced liver injury. The antithyroid drug propylthiouracil protects against liver injury induced by many hepatotoxic agents and markedly reduces mortality in patients with alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanism(s) by which propylthiouracil protects against liver injury is not well understood. The present studies investigate the effect of antithyroid drugs on proteolytic enzyme activity and on hydroxyl radical generation from activated neutrophils. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride, neutrophil myeloperoxidase, an enzyme from the same gene superfamily as thyroid peroxidase, generates hypochlorous acid which inactivates alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) present in serum. This inactivation allows neutrophil-released proteolytic enzymes to attack cells. In the present study myeloperoxidase activity was inhibited fully at therapeutic concentrations by antithyroid drugs (propylthiouracil and methimazole). Antithyroid drugs fully prevented hypochlorous acid formation, and prevented neutrophil-mediated inactivation of A1PI, with concomitant blockage of proteolytic activity. Conversely, generation of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by activated neutrophils was unaffected by propylthiouracil. The production of these oxygen radicals was fully inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium chloride, however. These studies indicate that antithyroid drugs are unlikely to prevent cell injury by inhibiting hydroxyl radical generation or by scavenging hydroxyl radicals, but are likely to exert their hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting neutrophil myeloperoxidase, an enzyme akin to thyroid peroxidase.
Facial Expression Recognition in the Encrypted Domain Based on Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis (2012)

Facial expression recognition forms a critical capability desired by human-interacting systems that aim to be responsive to variations in the human's emotional state. Recent trends toward cloud computing and outsourcing has led to the requirement for facial expression recognition to be performed remotely by potentially untrusted servers. This paper presents a system that addresses the challenge of performing facial expression recognition when the test image is in the encrypted domain. More specifically, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first known result that performs facial expression recognition in the encrypted domain. Such a system solves the problem of needing to trust servers since the test image for facial expression recognition can remain in encrypted form at all times without needing any decryption, even during the expression recognition process. Our experimental results on popular JAFFE and MUG facial expression databases demonstrate that recognition rate of up to 95.24 percent can be achieved even in the encrypted domain.
MBNL1–RNA Recognition: Contributions of MBNL1 Sequence and RNA Conformation (2011)

Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL) are RNA-binding proteins that bind to the poly(CUG) and poly(CCUG) sequences that are the causative agents of myotonic dystrophy. It has been suggested that as a result of binding to the repeating RNA sequences, MBNL1 is abnormally expressed and translocated, which leads to many of the misregulated events in myotonic dystrophy. In this work, steady-state fluorescence quenching experiments suggest that MBNL1 alters the structure of helical RNA targets upon binding, which may explain the selectivity of MBNL1 for less structured RNA sites. The removal of one pair of zinc fingers greatly impairs the binding affinity of MBNL1, which indicates that the two pairs of zinc fingers might possibly interact with RNA targets cooperatively. Alanine scanning mutagenesis results suggest that the binding energy may be distributed across the protein. Overall, the results presented here suggest that small molecules that stabilize the helical structure of poly(CUG) and poly(CCUG) RNAs will inhibit the formation of complexes with MBNL1.
Dual Functions of the KNOTTED1 Homeodomain: Sequence-Specific DNA Binding and Regulation of Cell-to-Cell Transport (2008)

Homeodomain proteins are well-characterized developmental regulators that control expression of target genes through sequence-specific DNA binding. The homeodomain forms a trihelical structure, with the third helix conferring specific interactions with the DNA major groove. A specific class of plant homeodomain proteins, called KNOX [KNOTTED1 (KN1)-like homeobox], also has the ability to signal between cells by directly trafficking through intercellular channels called plasmodesmata. Trafficking is mediated by a signal that is also contained within the homeodomain. Movement protein binding protein 2C was identified as a protein that interacts with the KN1 homeodomain and regulates the cell-to-cell trafficking of KN1 by sequestering the protein on microtubules. Therefore, KN1 has multiple potential cellular addresses, each of which is conferred by its homeodomain.
Silicon photonic devices and integrated circuits (2014)

Abstract Silicon photonic devices and integrated circuits have undergone rapid and significant progresses during the last decade, transitioning from research topics in universities to product development in corporations. Silicon photonics is anticipated to be a disruptive optical technology for data communications, with applications such as intra‐chip interconnects, short‐reach communications in datacenters and supercomputers, and long‐haul optical transmissions. Bell Labs, as the research organization of Alcatel‐Lucent, a network system vendor, has an optimal position to identify the full potential of silicon photonics both in the applications and in its technical merits. Additionally it has demonstrated novel and improved high‐performance optical devices, and implemented multi‐function photonic integrated circuits to fulfill various communication applications. In this paper, we review our silicon photonic programs and main achievements during recent years. For devices, we review high‐performance single‐drive push‐pull silicon Mach‐Zehnder modulators, hybrid silicon/III‐V lasers and silicon nitride‐assisted polarization rotators. For photonic circuits, we review silicon/silicon nitride integration platforms to implement wavelength‐division multiplexing receivers and transmitters. In addition, we show silicon photonic circuits are well suited for dual‐polarization optical coherent transmitters and receivers, geared for advanced modulation formats. We also discuss various applications in the field of communication which may benefit from implementation in silicon photonics.