gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visceral Obesity: A “Civilization Syndrome” (1993)

The controversial question of the relationship between obesity and disease has been considerably clearer after the demonstration in several prospective, epidemiological studies that the subgroup of central, visceral obesity is particularly prone to develop cardiovascular disease, stroke, and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Visceral obesity is associated with multiple central endocrine aberrations. The hypothalamo-adrenal axis is apparently sensitive to stimuli, sex steroid hormone secretion blunted, and hyperandrogenicity is found in women. In addition, there seem to be signs of central dysfunctions in the regulation of hemodynamic factors after stress, and growth hormone secretion appears to be particularly blunted. Several of these endocrine abnormalities are associated with insulin resistance, particularly glycogen synthesis in muscle. Fiber composition with low type I/type II ratio might be secondary to the prevailing hyperinsulinemia, but low capillary density in muscle may well be of importance. In combination with elevated turn-over of free fatty acids (FFA) this will probably provide powerful mechanisms whereby insulin resistance is created. Portal FFA, from the highly lipolytic visceral depots may, in addition, affect hepatic metabolism to induce increased gluconeogenesis, production of very low density lipoproteins as well as to perhaps inhibit clearance of insulin. By these mechanisms a Metabolic Syndrome Visceral adipocytes seem to have a high density of several steroid hormone receptors, directing steroid hormone effects particularly to these depots. The net effect of cortisol is apparently a stimulation of lipid storage, with opposing effects of sex steroid hormones which also facilitate lipid mobilization, regulations most often found at the gene transcription level. Growth hormone inhibits cortisol effects on lipid accumulation, and amplifies the lipid mobilizing effects of steroid hormones. The combined perturbations of hormonal secretions will therefore probably direct triglycerides toward visceral depots. Circulatory and nervous regulatory mechanisms require, however, more attention. The multiple central endocrine and nervous aberrations of visceral obesity suggest neuroendocrine dysregulations, and have features characteristic of the hypothalamic arousal seen after certain types of stress, alcohol intake, and smoking. Such factors can be traced to subjects with visceral fat accumulation. Standardized stress, eliciting a "defeat reaction" in primates is followed by an apparently identical syndrome. This integrated picture of the multiple symptoms of visceral obesity is based on epidemiological, clinical, experimental, cellular, and molecular evidence. The ingredients of positive energy balance, including physical inactivity, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption are frequent features of modern, urbanized society. Visceral obesity may therefore be an expression of a "Civilization Syndrome."
Polymer Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquids and Their Application to Solid-state Thin-film Li-Oxygen Batteries (2008)

Ionic liquids that are non-volatile, non-flammable, and stable with Li metal and exhibit wide electrochemical stability window are promising for application to lithium batteries, including Li/air cells. 1-Methyl-3-Propylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (P13TFSI) is identified to be such an ionic liquid. Dimensionally stable, elastic polymer electrolyte membranes with high thermal and electrochemical stability, high ionic conductivity and other desirable properties are synthesized by blending P13TFSI with lithium imide salt dissolved in it and the PVDF-HFP co-polymer. Preliminary solid-state, thin-film Li-oxygen cells are constructed using the polymer electrolyte membranes and their performance analyzed.
Storage performance-metrics and benchmarks (1993)

The metrics and benchmarks used in storage performance evaluation are discussed. The technology trends taking place in storage systems, such as disk and tape evolution, disk arrays, and solid-state disks, are highlighted. The current popular I/O benchmarks are then described, reviewed, and run on three systems: a DECstation 5000/200 running the Sprite Operating System, a SPARCstation 1+ running SunOS, and an HP Series 700 (Model 730) running HP-UX. Two approaches to storage benchmarks-LADDIS and a self-scaling benchmark with predicted performance-are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Dimensional Graphical Model Selection Using ell_1-Regularized Logistic Regression (2006)

We focus on the problem of estimating the graph structure associated with a discrete Markov random field. We describe a method based on l1-regularized logistic regression, in which the neighborhood of any given node is estimated by performing logistic regression subject to an l-constraint. Our framework applies to the high-dimensional setting, in which both the number of nodes p and maximum neighborhood sizes d are allowed to grow as a function of the number of observations n. Our main result is to establish sufficient conditions on the triple (n, p, d) for the method to succeed in consistently estimating the neighborhood of every node in the graph simultaneously. Under certain mutual incoherence conditions analogous to those imposed in previous work on linear regression, we prove that consistent neighborhood selection can be obtained as long as the number of observations n grows more quickly than 6d6 log d + 2d5 log p, thereby establishing that logarithmic growth in the number of samples n relative to graph size p is sufficient to achieve neighborhood consistency.
Modeling and control of a wind-turbine-driven DFIG incorporating core saturation during grid voltage dips (2008)

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) has been widely used in the variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) wind energy generation system. In traditional vector control scheme, the reduced DFIG model with both stator flux transients and the effect of flux saturation neglected was employed to simplify the rotor current inner-loop controllers processed by standard PI regulation, which can perform well in normal grid condition. However, once grid voltage dip occurs, the performance is degraded with rotor over current so as to deteriorate the fault-ride through (FRT) capability of the DFIG wind-energy generation system. In this paper, a complete mathematical DFIG model is proposed. The model taking into account magnetic saturation and its influence on the transient performance of the DFIG during grid voltage dips is analyzed. Finally, simulation was carried out on a 2 MW wind-turbine driven DFIG system. The validity of the developed saturated model and the influence of flux saturation on the determination of the transient performances of DFIG under grid voltage dip fault are all confirmed by the simulated results.
The oxygen electrode. Part 8.—Oxygen evolution at ruthenium dioxide anodes (1977)

The electrocatalytic behaviour of Ti-supported RuO2, prepared by thermal decomposition of RuCl3, as substrate for oxygen evolution was investigated by a variety of techniques. B.E.T. adsorption experiments showed that the RuO2 layers are highly porous with large surface area values which, however, decrease rapidly as the annealing temperature increases above ∼ 300°C. Both the charge involved in the cyclic voltammograms and the oxygen evolution rates are dependent on the true (rather than apparent) area of these electrode surfaces, and also on the pH of the solution. The results for oxygen evolution are discussed in terms of electrochemically generated unstable surface oxides whose decomposition is catalysed by protons in acid, and hydroxide ions in base. The lower reactivity of the oxide at intermediate pH value is attributed on the one hand to loss of protons by OH groups, resulting in oxygen bridging, and on the other to lack of enhanced coordination of surface ruthenium species by OH– ions, which in this pH region are present only at low activity. The charge associated with voltammetric sweeps is accounted for in terms of surface redox processes rather than bulk penetration of protons into the oxide. The need for surface area measurements as a guide to the interpretation of the electrochemical data in the case of these oxide systems is stressed.
A Study of Selected Properties and Applications of AlMgB<sub>14</sub> and Related Composites: Ultra-Hard Materials (2001)

This research presents a study of the hardness, electrical, and thermal properties AlMgB14 containing Al2MgO4 spinel. This research also investigated how much Al2MgO4 spinel consistently forms with AlMgB14, if AlMgB14 materials can be produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), what effects TiC and TiB2 have on this composite material, and the importance of mechanical alloying. Included also is a study of the variation in hardness measurements and how they relate to SI units. Heretofore, all ultra-hard materials (hardness > 40 GPA) have been found to be cubic in structure, electrical insulators, and expensive; the behavior of AlMgB14, which in certain specimens and compositions can have hardness values greater than 40 GPa, is therefore quite unusual since it is non-cubic, conductive, and moderate in cost. This offers an opportunity to investigate the relationship between hardness, thermal, and electrical properties from a new perspective. The main purpose of this project was to characterize the different properties of the AlMgB14 materials and to demonstrate that this material can be made in bulk. The technologies used for this study include microhardness measurement techniques, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy at different temperatures, optical microscopy, thermomechanical analysis, differential thermal analysis, 4-point probe resistivity, density techniques, Seebeck Effect, and Hall Effect. This research may lead to use of this material for applications where high abrasion resistance along with electrical conduction is needed. Also this research gave more information about a material that could have a great impact on industrial applications.
Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease (1991)

Letters15 June 1991Serodiagnosis of Lyme DiseaseJeffrey M. Jones, MD, PhDJeffrey M. Jones, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-12-1064_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Rahn and Malawista (1) rightly point out that serologic testing for Lyme disease is poorly standardized. In addition to the problem of interlaboratory reproducibility of results, another problem must be considered: None of the currently used antibody tests has been rigorously proved to detect antibodies specific for Borrelia burgdorferi. Too few control sera specimens have been studied to evaluate specificity adequately, given the widespread use of these tests.Wilske and colleagues (2) and Hunter and coworkers (3) studied 13 sera specimens with anti-B?. burgdorferi immunofluorescentantibody (IFA) titers of 1:256 or higher from patients with well-documented Lyme disease....References1. RahnMalawista DF. Lyme disease: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:472-81. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WilskeSchierzPreac-MursicPfisterEinhaupl BGVHK. Serologic diagnosis of erythema migrans disease and related disorders. Infection. 1984;12:331-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HunterRussellFarshySampsonLarsen EHCJS. Evaluation of sera from patients with Lyme disease in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test for syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 1986;13:232-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BlancoRadolfLovettMiller DJMJ. Correlation of treponemicidal activity in normal human serum with the presence of IgG antibody directed against polypeptides of Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter and Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain. J Immunol. 1986;137:2031-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. WosWicher SK. Extensive cross reactivity between Treponema pallidum and cultivable treponemes demonstrated by sequential immunoadsorption. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1986;79:282-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin Health Sciences Center William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison, WI 53705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInterlaboratory comparison of test results for detection of Lyme disease by 516 participants in the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene/College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing ProgramInfectious Diseases 15 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 12Page: 1064-1064KeywordsBorrelia burgdorferiLyme diseaseReproducibilitySerodiagnosisSpecificity Issue Published: 15 June 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Discrimination of thermophilic and mesophilic proteins (2010)

Carefully selected sequence based indices discriminate better than purely structure based indices. Combined sequence and structure based indices improve performance somewhat further. Based on our analysis, the strongest contributors to thermostability are an increase in ion pairs on the protein surface and a more strongly hydrophobic interior.
Genomic Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana Encoding a Protein Homolog of Escherichia coli RecA (1993)

In Escherichia coli and many other prokaryotes, the RecA protein is essential for homologous recombination and for a variety of S.O.S. responses to DNA damage (Little and Mount, 1982; Kowalczykowski, 1991). Previously, Cerutti et al. (1992) found a chloroplast-localized strand recombination activity resembling that of bacterial RecA and a protein band cross-reacting with antibody to E. coli RecA. In addition, they described what is known to be the first demonstration of a homolog of the bacterial recA gene in a cDNA library from Arabidopsis thaliana, which included a putative transit peptide and probably codes for the protein with those activities. We present here the structure of the recA-At gene isolated from an A. thaliana genomic library (Table I) corresponding to the previously described recA cDNA (Cerutti et al., 1992). The 5 ’ flanking region has promoter elements corresponding to presumed TATA box and CAT box sequences. The gene has 12 AT-rich introns interrupting the coding sequence. The percentage of AT nucleotides varies from 62.5% (sixth intron) to 72.8% (eighth intron). The GT and AG dinucleotides invariant at the 5’ and 3’ splices are present at the ends of each intron. The predicted size of the precursor RNA molecule transcribed from the recA-At gene is approximately 3216 nucleotides long and the splicing by cleavage of introns can produce a mature RNA of 1400 nucleotides. The first intron did not separate exactly the putative transit peptide-processing cleavage site; it came 93 bp downstream of the probable start of the mature protein. The coding sequence of the combined exons corresponds to a protein of 439 amino acids (precursor form). The first exon (323 nucleotides long) contains the 5‘ noncoding region (74 nucleotides) and the beginning of the coding sequence (249 nucleotides long), including a predicted chloroplast transit peptide of 52 amino acids followed by the 31 NH2-terminal amino acids of the mature protein. The predicted amino terminus of the mature protein (Cerutti et al., 1992) is based on sequence similarity with a
Expression Profiling of Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Tumors Reveals Differences Indicative of Aggressive Disease (2014)

The behavior and genetics of serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasis, the form of the disease lethal to patients, is poorly understood. The unique properties of metastases are critical to understand to improve treatments of the disease that remains in patients after debulking surgery. We sought to identify the genetic and phenotypic landscape of metastatic progression of EOC to understand how metastases compare to primary tumors. DNA copy number and mRNA expression differences between matched primary human tumors and omental metastases, collected at the same time during debulking surgery before chemotherapy, were measured using microarrays. qPCR and immunohistochemistry validated findings. Pathway analysis of mRNA expression revealed metastatic cancer cells are more proliferative and less apoptotic than primary tumors, perhaps explaining the aggressive nature of these lesions. Most cases had copy number aberrations (CNAs) that differed between primary and metastatic tumors, but we did not detect CNAs that are recurrent across cases. A six gene expression signature distinguishes primary from metastatic tumors and predicts overall survival in independent datasets. The genetic differences between primary and metastatic tumors, yet common expression changes, suggest that the major clone in metastases is not the same as in primary tumors, but the cancer cells adapt to the omentum similarly. Together, these data highlight how ovarian tumors develop into a distinct, more aggressive metastatic state that should be considered for therapy development.
Selective Covalent Labeling of Tag-Fused GPCR Proteins on Live Cell Surface with a Synthetic Probe for Their Functional Analysis (2010)

Selective protein labeling with a small molecular probe is a versatile method for elucidating protein functions in living cells. In this paper, we report a covalent labeling method of tag-fused G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) proteins expressing on cell surfaces utilizing small functional molecules. This method employs the selective and rapid reaction of a peptide tag and a molecular probe, which comprises the cysteine-containing short CA6D4x2 tag (CAAAAAADDDDGDDDD) and a tetranuclear Zn(II)-DpaTyr probe containing a reactive alpha-chloroacetyl moiety. The covalent labeling of tag-fused GPCRs such as bradykinin receptor (B2R) and acetylcholine receptor (m1AchR) selectively proceeded under physiological conditions during short incubation (10-30 min) with Zn(II)-DpaTyr probes bearing various functional groups. Labeling with fluorophore-appended Zn(II)-DpaTyr probes enabled visualization of the GPCRs on the surface of HEK293 cells by fluorescence. Labeling with the biotin-appended probe allowed introduction of a biotin unit into the GPCRs. This biotin label was utilized for fluorescence bioimaging studies and postlabeling blotting analysis of the labeled GPCRs by use of the specific biotin-streptavidin interaction. The utility of this labeling method was demonstrated in several function analyses of GPCRs, such as fluorescence visualization of the stimuli-responsive internalization of GPCRs and pH change in endosomes containing the internalized GPCRs.
High spatial resolution OTDR attenuation measurements by a correlation technique (1983)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Maurizio Zoboli and Paolo Bassi, "High spatial resolution OTDR attenuation measurements by a correlation technique," Appl. Opt. 22, 3680-3681 (1983) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The genetic control of cell proliferation in Drosophila imaginal discs (1990)

The imaginal discs of Drosophila provide a favorable system for the analysis of the mechanisms controlling developmental cell proliferation, because of the separation in time between cell proliferation and differentiation, and the facility with which controlling genes can be identified and characterized. Imaginal discs are established in the embryo, and grow by cell proliferation throughout the larval period. Proliferation terminates in a regular spatial pattern during the final stages of larval development and the first day of pupal development. Cell proliferation can be locally reactivated in growth-terminated imaginal discs by removing part of the disc and culturing the remaining fragment in an adult host. The pattern of proliferation in these fragments suggests that cell proliferation in imaginal discs is controlled by direct interactions between cells and their neighbors. Proliferation appears to be stimulated by positional information differences, and these differences are reduced by the addition of new cells during tissue growth. Genes involved in cell proliferation control have been identified by collecting and analyzing recessive lethal mutations which cause overgrowth of imaginal discs. In some of these mutants (fat, lgd, c43, dco) the overgrowing tissue is hyperplastic; it retains its single-layered epithelial structure and is capable of differentiating. In two of the hyperplastic mutants (dco and c43), the imaginal discs show a failure of gap-junctional cell communication, suggesting that this form of cell communication may be involved in termination of proliferation. In other mutants the overgrowing disc tissue is neoplastic: it loses its structure and ability to differentiate, becoming a tumorous growth. The two genes that give a neoplastic phenotype (dlg and lgl) have been cloned and cDNAs of one of them (lgl) sequenced. The lgl gene encodes a cell surface molecule with significant homology to calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules (cadherins). The expression of lgl at the time of termination of cell proliferation suggests that there are changes in the way that cells interact with one another at these times, and that these changes may be implemented by cell adhesion molecules. Direct cell contact within the epithelium, as well as signalling through gap junctions, appears to be involved in the cell interactions needed for the termination of cell proliferation. Mutations in genes encoding the Drosophila homologs of growth factors, growth factor receptors and oncogenes usually show an effect on cell-fate decisions rather than cell proliferation control, but this may be because oncogenic mutations in these genes would be dominant lethals and would therefore not be identified by conventional genetic analysis.
Fast synchronized dual-wavelength laser speckle imaging system for monitoring hemodynamic changes in a stroke mouse model (2012)

In this Letter, we describe a newly developed synchronized dual-wavelength laser speckle contrast imaging system, which contains two cameras that are synchronously triggered to acquire data. The system can acquire data at a high spatiotemporal resolution (up to 500 Hz for ~1000×1000 pixels). A mouse model of stroke is used to demonstrate the capability for imaging the fast changes (within tens of milliseconds) in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration, and the relative changes in blood flow in the mouse brain, through an intact cranium. This novel imaging technology will enable the study of fast hemodynamics and metabolic changes in vascular diseases.