gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-density multichannel surface electromyography system for the characterization of single motor units (2002)

An electromyography (EMG) system is presented that noninvasively records the electrical activity of a muscle with 126 densely spaced skin-surface electrodes. The electrodes are arranged in a two-dimensional array and integrated in a single container for ease of application. Signals are recorded “monopolarly”, with a reference electrode placed at a distance from the array. With this recording configuration, the surface EMG (sEMG) potential distribution can be described not only as a function of time, but also topographically. The availability of topographical information opens up a range of applications. Some of these have been described previously. However, the system presented is unique in that it allows exploration of all clinical and scientific possibilities of topographical sEMG. In its design, special attention was paid to user-friendliness and flexibility. With high-density multichannel sEMG, both the properties of a whole muscle and those of single motor units, the functional units of a muscle, can be studied. The latter belong to a realm that was long considered accessible only with needle-EMG, a conventional, invasive diagnostic technique. It is demonstrated that the additional topographical information can be used to characterize motor units in a way that is partially superior to needle EMG.
Ideal Resampling Of Discrete Sequences (1989)

Spectral information preserved to extent possible. Technique developed to shrink or expand discrete input sequence of numbers into output sequence in manner preserving input spectrum up to Nyquist limit of smaller of two sequences. In case of expansion, technique also prevents introduction of spurious frequencies not present in input. While applicable to many kinds of data sampled at regular interval, particularly useful in processing and enhancement of images, where discrete sequences spatially ordered sets of picture-element brightness values. Image coarsened by resampling to reduce number of picture elements while preserving as much as possible of original image information. Used to generate intermediate images at small intervals between frames, thereby suppressing appearance of jerky motion caused by sudden jumps between frames at low frame rate.
Cellular Components Interact with Adenovirus Type 5 Minimal DNA Packaging Domains (1998)

Adenovirus type 5 DNA packaging is initiated from the left end of the viral genome and depends on the presence of a cis-acting packaging domain located between nucleotides 194 and 380. Multiple redundant packaging elements (termed A repeats I through VII [AI through AVII]) are contained within this domain and display differential abilities to support DNA packaging in vivo. The functionally most important repeats, AI, AII, AV, and AVI, follow a bipartite consensus motif exhibiting AT-rich and CG-rich core sequences. Results from previous mutational analyses defined a fragment containing AV, AVI, and AVII as a minimal packaging domain in vivo, which supports a functional independence of the respective cis-acting sequences. Here we describe multimeric versions of individual packaging elements as minimal packaging domains that can confer viability and packaging activity to viruses carrying gross truncations within their left end. These mutant viruses directly rate the functional role that different packaging elements play relative to each other. The A repeats are likely to be binding sites for limiting, trans-acting packaging factors of cellular and/or viral origin. We report here the characterization of two cellular binding activities interacting with all of the minimal packaging domains in vitro, an unknown binding activity termed P-complex, and the transcription factor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor. The binding of both activities is dependent on the integrity of the AT-rich, but not the CG-rich, consensus half site. In the case of P-complex, binding affinity for different minimal packaging domains in vitro correlates well with their abilities to support DNA packaging in vivo. Interestingly, P-complex interacts not only with packaging elements but also with the left terminus of the viral genome, the core origin of replication. Our data implicate cellular factors as components of the viral packaging machinery. The dual binding specificity of P-complex for packaging and replication sequences may further suggest a direct involvement of left-end replication sequences in viral DNA encapsidation.
Analysis of correlation between the degree of cognitive impairment and the results of perfusion CT in patients with dementia. (2007)

CBF and CBV calculated with pCT correlate with cognitive impairment in patients with dementia and thus may play a role in monitoring disease progression or therapeutic response.
Next‐Generation Narrow‐Band Green‐Emitting RbLi(Li<sub>3</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> Phosphor for Backlight Display Application (2018)

The discovery of high efficiency narrow-band green-emitting phosphors is a major challenge in backlighting light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Benefitting from highly condensed and rigid framework structure of UCr<sub>4</sub> C<sub>4</sub> -type compounds, a next-generation narrow green emitter, RbLi(Li<sub>3</sub> SiO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> :Eu<sup>2+</sup> (RLSO:Eu<sup>2+</sup> ), has emerged in the oxide-based family with superior luminescence properties. RLSO:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor can be efficiently excited by GaN-based blue LEDs, and shows green emission at 530 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum of 42 nm, and very low thermal quenching (103%@150 °C of the integrated emission intensity at 20 °C), however its chemical stability needs to be improved later. The white LED backlight using optimized RLSO:8%Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor demonstrates a high luminous efficacy of 97.28 lm W<sup>-1</sup> and a wide color gamut (107% National Television System Committee standard (NTSC) in Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 color space), suggesting its great potential for industrial applications as liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting.
A High-Linearity WCDMA/GSM Reconfigurable Transceiver in 0.13-$\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS (2012)

This paper presents a dual-mode multiband transceiver with DigRF interface implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology. Based on direct conversion architecture, blocks in the transceiver can be configured to simultaneously support wavelength code-division multiple access (WCDMA) band I and four Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) bands (PCS/DCS/GSM900/GSM850). In the receiver path, the narrowband radio-frequency front-end is comprised of multiple-gated low-noise amplifiers with capacitive desensitization and current-mode passive mixers with the proposed second-order input intercept point (IIP2) calibration to comply for surface-acoustic-wave-less application. In the transmitter path, a high-linearity mixer and parallel Class-AB PA driver are adopted. Low-noise wideband frequency synthesizers with adaptive frequency calibration are proposed to cover all modes and bands. This reconfigurable transceiver achieves -5.6/-2/-6 dBm in-band third-order intercept point for WCDMA/GSM HB/GSM LB respectively, and >;65 dBm IIP2. At the maximum output power, the transmitter achieves 2.3% rms error vector magnitude for WCDMA I and 1.67° phase error for a GSM system.
Apigenin Attenuates Adriamycin‐Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway (2017)

Treatment with Adriamycin (ADR) is one of the major causes of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and therefore is the principal limiting factor in the effectiveness of chemotherapy for cancer patients. Apigenin (API) has been shown to play a cardioprotective role. The present study examined the effect of API on ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, ADR model group, low-dose API treatment group (125 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and high-dose API treatment group (250 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). Blood samples were taken to evaluate a spectrum of myocardial enzymes. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured using a TUNEL assay, and cardiomyocyte autophagy was observed using electron microscopy. Moreover, apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin1 and LC3B, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins were examined with western blot. Our results demonstrate that ADR caused an increase in the serum levels of cardiac injury markers and enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. API administration prevented the effects associated with ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in mice and inhibited ADR-induced apoptosis and autophagy. API also promoted PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity in ADR-treated mice. In conclusion, API may have a protective effect against ADR-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Effects of a trailing edge flap on the aerodynamics and acoustics of rotor blade-vortex interactions (1992)

The use of a trailing edge flap on a helicopter rotor has been numerically simulated to determine if such a device can mitigate the acoustics of blade vortex interactions (BVI). The numerical procedure employs CAMRAD/JA, a lifting-line helicopter rotor trim code, in conjunction with RFS2, an unsteady transonic full-potential flow solver, and WOPWOP, an acoustic model based on Farassat's formulation 1A. The codes were modified to simulate trailing edge flap effects. The CAMRAD/JA code was used to compute the far wake inflow effects and the vortex wake trajectories and strengths which are utilized by RFS2 to predict the blade surface pressure variations. These pressures were then analyzed using WOPWOP to determine the high frequency acoustic response at several fixed observer locations below the rotor disk. Comparisons were made with different flap deflection amplitudes and rates to assess flap effects on BVI. Numerical experiments were carried out using a one-seventh scale AH-1G rotor system for flight conditions simulating BVI encountered during low speed descending flight with and without flaps. Predicted blade surface pressures and acoustic sound pressure levels obtained have shown good agreement with the baseline no-flap test data obtained in the DNW wind tunnel. Numerical results indicate that the use of flaps is beneficial in reducing BVI noise.
Adjuvant Strategies for Lactic Acid Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines (2019)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, acid-tolerant bacteria that have long been used in food fermentation and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). LAB are a part of a normal microbiome and act as probiotics, improving the gastrointestinal microbiome and health when consumed. An increasing body of research has shown the importance of the microbiome on both mucosal immune heath and immune response to pathogens and oral vaccines. Currently, there are few approved mucosal vaccines, and most are attenuated viruses or bacteria, which necessitates cold chain, carries the risk of reversion to virulence, and can have limited efficacy in individuals with poor mucosal health. On account of these limitations, new types of mucosal vaccine vectors are necessary. There has been increasing interest and success in developing recombinant LAB as next generation mucosal vaccine vectors due to their natural acid and bile resistance, stability at room temperature, endogenous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the development of molecular techniques that allow for manipulation of their genomes. To enhance the immunogenicity of these LAB vaccines, numerous adjuvant strategies have been successfully employed. Here, we review these adjuvant strategies and their mechanisms of action which include: Toll-like receptor ligands, secretion of bacterial toxins, secretion of cytokines, direct delivery to antigen presenting cells, and enterocyte targeting. The ability to increase the immune response to LAB vaccines gives them the potential to be powerful mucosal vaccine vectors against mucosal pathogens.
The Curious Cook: More Kitchen Science and Lore (1990)

Acknowledgments. Introduction. PART ONE: Playing with Food: Experiments. 1. The Searing Truth: Cooking always squeezes out meat juices. 2. Oil Drops Keep Falling on My Toque: The fate of spatter from the frying pan. 3. Simmering Down: Cooking tender meats well below the boil. 4. The Green and the Brown: How to keep the green color of salads and sauces. 5. Taking the Wind Out of the Sunroot: Making the Jerusalem artichoke more digestible. 6. Beurre Blanc: Butter's Undoing: A sauce made by transforming butter back into cream. 7. Simplifying Hollandaise and Bearnaise: Properly understood, these sauces almost make themselves. 8. Mayonnaise: Doing More with Lecithin: Mayonnaise can be made with little or no egg yolk. 9. Persimmons Unpuckered: Updating ancient Chinese methods of artificial ripening. 10. Fruit Ices, Cold and Calculated: Three dozen fruits, five styles. 11. The Pleasures of Merely Measuring: Prowling the kitchen with thermometer and stopwatch. PART TWO: Making the Good Life Better. 12. Fat and the Heart: Coping with quirky biology. 13. Food and Cancer: Learning how to improve our odds. 14. Minding the Pots and Pans: The Case of Aluminum: No metal surface is inert. PART THREE: Reflections. 15. The Physiologist of Taste: Science in Brillat--Savarin's classic. 16. The Saga of Osmazome: The early chemistry of gastronomical pleasure. 17. From Raw to Cooked: The Transformation of Flavor: Why does the human animal like cooked foods? Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
Genetically Thermo-Stabilised, Immunogenic Poliovirus Empty Capsids; a Strategy for Non-replicating Vaccines (2017)

While wild type polio has been nearly eradicated there will be a need to continue immunisation programmes for some time because of the possibility of re-emergence and the existence of long term excreters of poliovirus. All vaccines in current use depend on growth of virus and most of the non-replicating (inactivated) vaccines involve wild type viruses known to cause poliomyelitis. The attenuated vaccine strains involved in the eradication programme have been used to develop new inactivated vaccines as production is thought safer. However it is known that the Sabin vaccine strains are genetically unstable and can revert to a virulent transmissible form. A possible solution to the need for virus growth would be to generate empty viral capsids by recombinant technology, but hitherto such particles are so unstable as to be unusable. We report here the genetic manipulation of the virus to generate stable empty capsids for all three serotypes. The particles are shown to be extremely stable and to generate high levels of protective antibodies in animal models.
64th IAVS Annual Symposium - 27th June – 1st July, 2022 Madrid, Spain - Vegetation dynamics and conservation of natural and semi-natural habitats in a climatic crisis scenario (2021)

As the largest continent of the world, Asia offers great opportunities for researchers, with its vast grasslands, diverse and unique environmental conditions, rich biodiversity, and varied ecological and evolutionary processes, some of which are not observed elsewhere.Simultaneously, it poses great challenges for nature conservation and sustainable livelihoods, due to climatic and land-use changes.To strengthen the exchange of scientific information and collaboration on Asian grasslands, EDGG is organising the very first Asian Grassland Conference.This virtual event is free of charge, owing to the generous support of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS), the mother organization of EDGG.We invite researchers from all over the world to present or listen to studies on the flora, fauna, biodiversity, ecology, management and conservation of these precious habitats.
Glass Jointed Alumina Vacuum Chambers (1981)

Alumina vacuum chambers are being constructed for the rapid cycling synchrotron of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The ceramic sections are butt jointed with a thin layer of glass to give strong, vacuum tight assemblies. This method of construction is considerably less expensive than metalized ceramic to metal jointed assemblies. A description is given of the principal ceramic chambers.
Intelligent transport systems: possibilities and limitations (2001)

The technology of intelligent transport systems (ITS) has reached an exciting phase in which separate functions can be linked together to have a large-scale impact on transport services generally. This paper reviews areas in which ITS might have a role to play during the next 20 years or so, and how some of the systems now under development might be integrated. It concludes with a brief examination of the obstacles likely to be encountered along the way: technological barriers, cost, public acceptance, and reliability. One possibility for synergy lies in the development of a multi-purpose management tool which coordinates the allocation of road space to individual trip-makers within the framework of a block signalling system, rescheduling delays to the beginning of each journey. This ‘virtual railway’ system could act as a platform for demand management, help to control congestion, protect the local environment, and contribute towards de-marketing the car.
A CMOS voltage reference using compensation of mobility and threshold voltage temperature effects (2009)

A CMOS voltage reference using compensation of mobility and threshold voltage temperature effects is proposed. In this reference, the nested connection of two NMOS transistors supplies a voltage with positive temperature coefficient, and the diode-connected NMOS transistor supplies a voltage with negative temperature coefficient. These two circuits are connected in series via an operational amplifier, and the resulting voltage that appears in the output stage of this amplifier has low temperature coefficient. The calculations are verified by simulations of the reference designed in 0.13 mum CMOS technology. The simulated reference provides a voltage of about 490 mV with the variation of 1 mV in the temperature range 20 to 120degC. The reference is able to operate with sub-1V power supplies.
Review and analysis of grading scales for ocular surface staining (2019)

Vital dye staining has been used for over a century to assess the severity of ocular surface disease. However, despite common usage, a universally accepted "gold standard" grading scale does not exist for corneal and conjunctival staining, which can impact the ability to diagnose and monitor ocular surface conditions such as dry eye. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other international regulatory agencies rely on ocular surface staining as a primary endpoint for new drug approvals, so that absence of a "gold standard" scale may affect approval of new drug treatments. To begin to address this problem, we review existing, published grading scales in an integrated fashion, highlighting their differences and similarities to emphasize common themes and the methods and elements that are important in creating a standardized scale. Our goal is to aid the field in moving towards an accepted standardized grading scale for ocular surface staining that can be applied in clinic and research settings for a variety of ocular conditions.
Tunable Optical Stop Band and Reflection Peak in Synthetic Opal Infiltrated with Liquid Crystal and Conducting Polymer as Photonic Crystal (1999)

The optical stop band in the transmission spectra and the peak in the reflection spectra of opals with a three-dimensional periodic structure shift drastically upon infiltration with organic materials such as liquids, liquid crystals and conducting polymers. In these infiltrated opals, the stop band and reflection peak have been confirmed to be tunable by adjusting various conditions such as temperature and applied voltage.
Combination Therapy With Octreotide and α-Interferon: (1999)

Objective: We investigated the antiproliferative efficacy of the addition of α-interferon to the somatostatin analogue octreotide in patients with metastasized gastroenteropancreatic tumors unresponsive to octreotide monotherapy. Methods: In an open prospective trial, 21 patients with metastasized neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors (nine patients with carcinoid syndrome, eight with nonfunctioning tumors, four with gastrinoma) were treated with 5 × 106 IU α-interferon tiw in addition to 200 μg of octreotide tid. All patients, including 16 patients with preceding monotherapy with 200 μg of octreotide tid, had tumor progression documented by computed tomography before entering the study. Growth response (computed tomography documented) and biochemical response were assessed at 3-month intervals. Results: Inhibition of tumor growth was observed in 14 patients (67%), 11 of whom had preceding octreotide monotherapy; complete regression was observed in one patient lasting for 49 months and stable disease (stand-still) in 13 patients lasting for 3 to 52 months (median, 12 months). Seven patients failing this combination therapy exhibited a significantly shorter overall survival (median, 23 months; range, 5 to 42 months) than the 14 patients responding to this regimen (median, 68 months; range, 12 to 112 months; p= 0.007). Two patients are still alive. Biochemical response was achieved in 69% of patients with functioning tumors: in three of four patients with gastrinoma and in six of nine patients with carcinoid syndrome. Conclusions: These data suggest that the addition of α-interferon to octreotide has antiproliferative efficacy in a subgroup of patients with advanced metastatic disease unresponsive to octreotide monotherapy. Prolonged survival was seen in the responder group.
Presenilin and nicastrin regulate each other and determine amyloid β-peptide production via complex formation (2002)

Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is generated by the consecutive cuts of two membrane-bound proteases. Beta-secretase cuts at the N terminus of the Abeta domain, whereas gamma-secretase mediates the C-terminal cut. Recent evidence suggests that the presenilin (PS) proteins, PS1 and PS2, may be gamma-secretases. Because PSs principally exist as high molecular weight protein complexes, biologically active gamma-secretases likely require other cofactors such as nicastrin (Nct) for their activities. Here we show that preferentially mature Nct forms a stable complex with PSs. Furthermore, we have down-regulated Nct levels by using a highly specific and efficient RNA interference approach. Very similar to a loss of PS function, down-regulation of Nct levels leads to a massive accumulation of the C-terminal fragments of the beta-amyloid precursor protein. In addition, Abeta production was markedly reduced. Strikingly, down-regulation of Nct destabilized PS and strongly lowered levels of the high molecular weight PS1 complex. Interestingly, absence of the PS1 complex in PS1(-/-) cells was associated with a strong down-regulation of the levels of mature Nct, suggesting that binding to PS is required for trafficking of Nct through the secretory pathway. Based on these findings we conclude that Nct and PS regulate each other and determine gamma-secretase function via complex formation.