gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BER-Optimal Analog-to-Digital Converters for Communication Links (2012)

In this paper, we propose low precision <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> -optimal analog-to-digital converters (ADC) where quantization levels and thresholds are set nonuniformly to minimize the bit-error rate ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> ) in a high data rate communication link. This is in contrast to how ADCs are used today, in which they act as transparent waveform preservers. Simulations for various communication channels show that for 2-PAM modulation, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> -optimal ADC achieves shaping gains that range from 2.5 dB for channels with low intersymbol interference (ISI) to more than 30 dB for channels with high levels of ISI. Moreover, a 3-bit <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> -optimal ADC achieves the same or even lower <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> than a 4-bit uniform ADC. With a DFE and a high-ISI channel, a 3-bit <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> -optimal ADC achieves lower <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> than a 5-bit uniform ADC.
Design of coil structure achieving uniform magnetic field distribution for wireless charging platform (2011)

Wireless power transfer technology via electromagnetic coupling has been widely used in the planar contactless charging platform. In this paper, a current distribution is deduced to ensure axial component of magnetic field is uniformly distributed in the charging region and zero outside the region. Based on continuous current distributions that can generate even axial component of magnetic field, two transmitting coil structures are proposed. The uniformity of the axial component of magnetic field distribution is confirmed by using the simulation tools. In the case of multiple coils in parallel, the magnetic field distribution near the margin of the charging region changes greatly. This paper analyzed the changes of magnetic field in the case of two coils in parallel, and compared the magnetic field distribution with different coil structures.
Processing And Analysis Of Ps-Wave Data From A 3-D/3-C Land Survey For Fracture Characterization (2001)

Abstract The investigation of S-wave birefringence (splitting) using 3-D converted P to S-waves (PS-waves) is an important tool for characterizing reservoir fractures.
A Method of Growing CuCl Single Crystals with Flux (1967)

This report describes a method of growing single crystals of the zinc blende phase directly from a melt which contains a flux such as or . The presence of the flux at 2 mole % depresses the temperature of the melt below 407 °C. The melting point of pure is 422 °C, thus making it possible to grow the crystal without going through the phase transition from the wurtzite phase at 407 °C. Because of the elimination of the phase transition in the solid, strain‐free single crystals of large size, particularly in the direction of growth, can be grown by this method. As a consequence, a very large Pockels effect (maximum phase difference of 240°) can be obtained from a cell made by this method.
Development of High-Resolution Axial Flux Leakage Casing-Inspection Tools (2005)

Abstract Well casing and tubing integrity is a very important component in the safe operations of oil and gas wells in the US. To maintain safe operating conditions through out the life of a well, operators must periodically determine the integrity of the downhole well tubulars. Historically, casing inspection data has been acquired with downhole wireline technology, and predominately with magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection tools. Limitations in available electronics, however, have meant that MFL logging tools have thus far been commercially available only in low-resolution configurations. Although proven to be highly robust and effective in downhole inspection applications, all low-resolution MFL instruments incorporate measurement and analysis techniques that limit their ability to precisely resolve defect geometry in all circumstances. Baker Atlas is in the development of high resolution MFL logging instruments based on hall sensors and other improvements in the magnetic, electronic and mechanical configuration of the inspection system. From an industry survey, a set of requirements for a series of high resolution MFL logging instruments was established. A high resolution MFL instrument design program was then undertaken, incorporating magnetic finite element analysis, mechanical design and electronics design to meet the defined applications. A bench prototype device was used to acquire characterization data in a laboratory environment. The resulting axial flux leakage inspection data was then analyzed to determine the instruments basic defect detection thresholds and sensitivity to changes in defect length, width and depth. Finally, an operational field test device was used in field applications to verify operational performance of the inspection system. This paper will review the development process and outline expected benefits of the tubular inspection system. These developments of high-resolution MFL logging instruments are intended to produce a more accurate determination of defect geometry, which will provide operators with improved data for casing integrity management.
Enzymatic pretreatment of deodorizer distillate for concentration of sterols and tocopherols (1993)

Separation of sterols and tocopherols from fatty acids in deodorizer distillate was facilitated through lipase‐catalyzed modification of fatty acids in canola, mixed and soya deodorizer distillates. The fatty acid esterification with methanol catalyzed by SP‐382 (an immobilized nonspecific lipase) proceeded rapidly, with conversion of fatty acid to methyl ester in 5 h being 96.5, 83.5 and 89.4%, respectively. A model mixture of pure oleic acid and dl‐α‐tocopherol was used to study any potential side reactions that may lower the tocopherol content during the esterification reaction. Under the conditions employed, the loss of tocopherol was less than 5%. Simple vacuum distillation (1–2 mm Hg) was employed to remove the volatile fraction (methyl esters of fatty acids, some fatty acids and other volatiles) of the esterified deodorizer distillate, leaving behind sterols, sterol esters and tocopherols. Sterols and tocopherols were almost completely retained in the residue fraction with recoveries in the range of 95%. Overall recoveries of sterols and tocopherols after esterification and distillation were over 90% for all the deodorizer distillate samples.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Staphylococcus Based on the 16S rDNA Sequence and Assignment of Clinical Isolates from Animals. (1997)

The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rDNA in 17 strains of 16 taxa of the genus Staphylococcus were determined. The sequences were compared phylogenetically together with the gene sequences of 10 (including 7 other species) Staphylococcus species retrieved from the DNA Data Bank of Japan. Although the primary and secondary structures of most of Staphylococcus species were very similar (homology values 96.4% or more) except for S. caseolyticus MAFF 911387T (homology values 95.4% or less), the 23 staphylococcal species were divided into 10 groups based on similarity, evolutionary distance and phylogenetic tree analysis. Nucleotide stretches in several variable domains in the 16S rDNA sequences appeared to be specific for the bacterial groups or the species. By comparing such characteristics in the sequence and phylogenies of 5 staphylococcal clinical isolates from bovine mastitis, canine and feline pyoderma, and feline urogenital syndrome with the information obtained in this study, the species level of each organism was identified.
The Serrated Points of Central California (1940)

Serrated edges, and wonderful chipping techniques, are commonly displayed on chipped stone objects of the Pacific Coast region from California to British Columbia, but the greatest ultimate perfection of serration obtains in the so-called Stockton type points, peculiar to the delta and flood plain region near the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. The distribution of these specialized forms seems to approximately conform with this great flood plain, which is, generally speaking, not much above sea-level. This area was called by the early Spaniards the “Tulares,” because a great part of it was an impenetrable swamp, covered by a rank growth of tule reeds.
A Novel Method of Removing Impurities from Multilevel Interconnect Materials (2004)

A novel method of removing impurities from dielectric films has been developed. The removal of water and charges is accomplished by humidification and wet pretreatment followed by charge extraction with CO 2 supercritical fluid (SCF). Films treated in this manner exhibit intrinsic properties, which are usually masked by moisture and impurities.
REDAKSI (2017)

Cover, redaksi, daftar isi, pedoman penulis
프리스트레스트콘크리트 벨트월의 전단설계 (2016)

초고층건축의 시공성 개선 및 공기단축을 위하여 강구조의 벨트트러스를 콘크리트 벨트월로 대체하는 공법이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 초고층건물을 위한 프리스트레스트콘크리트(PSC) 벨트월의 전단설계 방법을 개발하였다. 프로토타입 고층건물에서 가상 아웃리거 효과(virtual outrigger effect)에 의한 코어월-바닥슬래브-벨트월-기둥의 횡하중 전달 메커니즘을 분석하고, 횡변위 제어를 위한 효율적인 벨트월-경계기둥 구조계획 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 벨트월의 전단보강을 위하여 프리스트레싱 텐던을 수직·수평으로 배치하는 전단보강 방법을 연구하였다. PSC 벨트월은 압축장이론을 사용하여 균열 및 극한한계상태의 설계전단강도와 변형을 예측하였다. 검증을 위하여, ABAQUS를 이용한 프로토타입 PSC 벨트월에 대하여 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하고, 제안된 전단설계 방법과 비선형해석에 의한 PSC 벨트월의 파괴모드와 거동특성을 비교하였다.
Design and analysis of multiple-bus arbiters with different priority schemes (2002)

The authors present four multiple-user and multiple-server arbiter designs of multiple-bus multiprocessors. All designs are based on decentralized control, which has the advantage of good reliability and potentially high throughput. The priority protocols considered are fixed priority, rotating priority, round-robin priority, and equal priority. For the first two priority protocols, lookahead techniques are used to speed up the arbitration process. The round-robin protocol is based on the decentralized daisy-chain idea and is operated in an asynchronous fashion. Analytical models are developed for the four different priority protocols to evaluate the performance of the different designs. The analyses are based on a probabilistic model for the synchronous case and simple queuing analysis for the asynchronous system. Numerical results obtained from the proposed model show that the equal priority protocol performs better than the others in the system with a few buses. The performance difference is not significant when the number of buses is relatively large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epitaxial growth and electric characteristics of cubic SiC on silicon (1987)

Single crystals of cubic SiC were heteroepitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a SiH4-C3H8-H2 system on silicon substrates. To reduce the large lattice mismatch between cubic SiC and silicon, a buffer layer was made by carbonizing the surface of a Si substrate in the CVD system. An optimum condition for the buffer layer formation was determined by x-ray rocking curve measurements, reflection electron diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Electrical properties of the epitaxial cubic SiC layer were measured, and the mobilities on the Si(111) substrate were found to be larger than those on the Si(100) substrate. Diode characteristics of epitaxially grown p-n junctions were also investigated.
Fractal Characteristics of End Faces of Carbon-Graphite Seal Rings (2009)

Carbon graphite is a kind of main material of mechanical seal rings. The surface topography of end faces of seal rings has significant influence on the sealing behavior and the friction characteristic. In this paper, the modified Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function was introduced, which can characterize the topography of rough surfaces. The radial and circumferential profiles of end faces of M106K seal rings made of carbon-graphite impregnated furan resin were measured by AF-LI type stylus profilometer before and after 90-min wearing, and the fractal characteristics of the profiles were analyzed by the structure function method. The research results show that the surface profiles of M106K seal ring made of carbon-graphite impregnated furan resin are isotropic fractal and have different fractal dimensions before and after wearing.
Umfassende Amtshilfe im Bereich Steuern vom Einkommen – „Staatenliste“ ab 1.1.2017 (BMF-Info) (2017)

Das österreichische Steuerrecht verlangt in einigen Fällen das Vorliegen einer „umfassenden“ Amtshilfe. Zur Klarstellung der Frage, gegenüber welchen Staaten oder Territorien Rechtsbeziehungen über eine „umfassende“ Amtshilfe bestehen, wurde vom BMF eine Staatenliste kundgemacht.
A 4mW 3-tap 10 Gb/s decision feedback equalizer (2011)

A half-rate low-power 3-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) was designed in 90-nm CMOS technology. An improved switched-capacitor-based summer architecture is used in the front-end sample-and-hold to speculate the first feedback tap. Other two taps are canceled using current summation technique. Further power consumption reduction is achieved by using sense-amplifier-based slicer and pass-gate multiplexer instead of CML architecture. An accurate characterization of DFE, based on Least Square Estimation and using random sequence, with certain probabilistic characteristics suitable for intended operating conditions, is described. The Proposed 3-tap DFE consumes 4 mW from a 1.2 V supply when equalizing 10 Gb/s data passed over a 10" NELCO channel with 15 dB of loss at 5 GHz.
The ability of probiotic bacteria to bind to human intestinal mucus (1998)

Human mucus was isolated from faecal samples of newborns, two and six month old infants and adults. The adhesion to this mucus by the bacteria mentioned below was assessed in vitro. Depending on the age group: 44–46% of the applied Lactobacillus GG, 23–30% of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, 9–14% of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJ-1, 3–10% of Lactobacillus salivarius LM2-118, Lactobacillus crispatus M247, Lactobacillus paracasei F19 and 2% of L. crispatus Mu5 adhered. All the strains adhered better to the mucus of adults than to that of infants. With some of the strains significant differences between the infant age groups were also observed. In conclusion, the age of the target group may be worthy of consideration when planning a schedule for probiotic or functional food therapy.
Transcriptional mapping of rabies virus in vivo (1978)

Synthesis of the proteins of rabies virus was studied in hamster cells infected with UV-irradiated virus. The UV target size of genes L, N, M1, and M2 was measured during primary transcription. Except for N, the target size of the remaining genes was considerably larger than that of their physical sizes. The data fit the hypothesis that four genes occupy a single transcriptional unit and that transcription of rabies virus proceeds in the order N, M1, M2, and L.
Monitoring the Cure State of Thermosetting Resins by Ultrasound (2013)

The propagation of low intensity ultrasound in a curing resin, acting as a high frequency oscillatory excitation, has been recently proposed as an ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA) for cure monitoring. The technique measures sound velocity and attenuation, which are very sensitive to changes in the viscoelastic characteristics of the curing resin, since the velocity is related to the resin storage modulus and density, while the attenuation is related to the energy dissipation and scattering in the curing resin. The paper reviews the results obtained by the authors' research group in the last decade by means of in-house made ultrasonic set-ups for both contact and air-coupled ultrasonic experiments. The basics of the ultrasonic wave propagation in polymers and examples of measurements of the time-evolution of ultrasonic longitudinal modulus and chemical conversion of different thermosetting resins are presented. The effect of temperature on the cure kinetics, the comparison with rheological, low frequency dynamic mechanical and calorimetric results, and the correlation between ultrasonic modulus and crosslinking density will be also discussed. The paper highlights the reliability of ultrasonic wave propagation for monitoring the physical changes taking place during curing and the potential for online monitoring during polymer and polymer matrix composite processing.
Biofilms and Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) Signaling: Lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Bacteria (2016)

The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers. This review provides an up-to-date compendium of c-di-GMP pathways connected to biofilm formation, biofilm-associated motilities, and other functionalities in the ubiquitous and opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa This bacterium is frequently adopted as a model organism to study bacterial biofilm formation. Importantly, its versatility and adaptation capabilities are linked with a broad range of complex regulatory networks, including a large set of genes involved in c-di-GMP biosynthesis, degradation, and transmission.
Multilayer Graphene/Carbon Black/Chlorine Isobutyl Isoprene Rubber Nanocomposites (2016)

High loadings of carbon black (CB) are usually used to achieve the properties demanded of rubber compounds. In recent years, distinct nanoparticles have been investigated to replace CB in whole or in part, in order to reduce the necessary filler content or to improve performance. Multilayer graphene (MLG) is a nanoparticle made of just 10 graphene sheets and has recently become commercially available for mass-product nanocomposites. Three phr (part for hundred rubbers) of MLG are added to chlorine isobutyl isoprene rubber (CIIR)/CB composites in order to replace part of the CB. The incorporation of just 3 phr MLG triples the Young's modulus of CIIR; the same effect is obtained with 20 phr CB. The simultaneous presence of three MLG and CB also delivers remarkable properties, e.g. adding three MLG and 20 phr CB increased the hardness as much as adding 40 phr CB. A comprehensive study is presented, showing the influence on a variety of mechanical properties. The potential of the MLG/CB combination is illustrated to reduce the filler content or to boost performance, respectively. Apart from the remarkable mechanical properties, the CIIR/CB/MLG nanocomposites showed an increase in weathering resistance.
Situated Software: Concepts, Motivation, Technology, and the Future (2008)

Situated software, a type of opportunistic software, is created by a small subset of users to fulfill a specific purpose. For example, business users have been creating situated software through mashups, which combine data from multiple sources on internal systems or the Internet. Situated software can change the way users access, perceive, and consume information, and can allow users to finally focus on what to do with information, rather than where to find it or how to get to it. However, situated software also has limitations. This article identifies situated software's role, provides examples of its use, traces the Internet's role in its rapid evolution, outlines areas where it is appropriate, describes its limitations, and presents enablers for adopting situated software in an enterprise.
A self-aligned short process for insulated gate transistors (1985)

A new IGT process which implements a self-aligned short is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The salient feature of the new process is the placement of a poly-Si plug to define the diffusion window of the P+ short. Similar forward conduction characteristics and tradeoffs with turn-off time were obtained for these self-aligned short IGT's when compared to conventional IGT's with nonself-aligned shorts. With a resistive load and no external gate resistor, dynamic latching current was seen to increase with increasing P+ diffusion depth and electron dosage.
A sports video browsing and retrieval system based on multimodal analysis: SportsBR (2005)

An advanced sports video browsing and retrieval system based on multimodal analysis, SportsBR, is proposed in this work. Its main features include event-based sports video browsing and keyword-based sports video retrieval. The paper first defines the basic structure of our SportsBR system, and then introduces a novel approach that integrates multimodal analysis, such as visual streams analysis, speech recognition, speech signal processing and text extraction to realize event-based video clips selection. The experimental results for sports video of world cup football games indicate that multimodal analysis is effective for video browsing and retrieval by quickly browsing event-based video clips and inputting keywords according to a predefined sports vocabulary database. The system is proved to be helpful and effective for the overall understanding of the sports video content.
Hydrogen Concentrations in Sulfate-Reducing Estuarine Sediments during PCE Dehalogenation (2001)

Despite recent progress made evaluating the role of hydrogen (H2) as a key electron donor in the anaerobic remediation of chloroethenes, few studies have focused on the evaluation of hydrogen thresholds relative to reductive dehalogenation in sulfidogenic environments. Competition for hydrogen exists among microbial populations in anaerobic sediments, and direct evidence indicates that lower hydrogen thresholds are observed with more energetically favorable electron-accepting processes. This study examined aqueous hydrogen concentrations associated with sulfate reduction and perchloroethylene (PCE) dehalogenation in anoxic estuarine sediment slurry microcosms and evaluated the competition for H2-reducing equivalents within these systems. After an initial lag period of 13 days, PCE was reductively transformed to trichloroethylene (TCE). During the time of continuous PCE dehalogenation, a significantly (P < 0.05) lower hydrogen concentration (0.5 nM) was observed in the sediment slurries amended with PCE as compared to slurries without PCE (0.8 nM). Sulfate reduction to sulfide was observed in all sediment slurries, but in microcosms actively dechlorinating PCE, the amount of reducing equivalents directed to sulfate reduction was approximately half the amount in sediment slurries without PCE. These findings provide evidence that a lower hydrogen threshold exists in anoxic estuarine sediment slurries with PCE as a terminal electron acceptor as compared to sediment slurries in which sulfate reduction was the predominant electron-accepting process. Furthermore, our results utilizing the inhibitor molybdate indicated that H2-utilizing methanogens may have the potential to effectively compete with dechlorinators for hydrogen when sulfate reduction is initially inhibited.