gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lmx1a Allows Context-Specific Isolation of Progenitors of GABAergic or Dopaminergic Neurons During Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (Lmx1a) is required for the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, roof plate formation, and cortical hem development. We generated a reporter embryonic stem cell (ESC) line for Lmx1a and used it to track differentiation and extract neural progenitors from differentiating mouse ESCs. Lmx1a(+) cells gave rise to functional cortical upper layer GABAergic neurons or dopaminergic neurons depending on the culture conditions used for differentiation. Under chemically defined neurobasal conditions, ESC differentiation resulted in widespread and transient expression of Lmx1a, without the addition of exogenous factors such as sonic hedgehog (Shh), Wnts, and/or bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). Under neutral conditions, Lmx1a(+) cells express genes known to be downstream of Lmx1a and cortical hem markers Wnt3a and p73. The majority of these cells did not express the ventral midbrain dopaminergic marker Foxa2 or dorsal roof plate marker BMP-2. Lmx1a(+) -Foxa2(-) cells were primed to become SatB2(+) GABAergic neurons and appeared to be resistant to dopaminergic patterning cues. PA6 coculture produced a substantial population of Lmx1a(+) progenitors that also expressed Foxa2 and on further differentiation gave rise to dopaminergic neurons at high frequency. We conclude that Lmx1a is a useful marker for the extraction of progenitors of GABAergic or dopaminergic neurons. We caution against the assumption that it indicates dopaminergic commitment during in vitro differentiation of ESCs. Indeed, in monolayer culture under neurobasal conditions, with or without the addition of Shh and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), Lmx1a(+) cells were predominantly progenitors of forebrain GABAergic neurons. We obtained dopaminergic cells in large numbers only by coculture with PA6 cells.
<title>Effect of various alignment films on dynamic characteristics of LC spatial light modulators</title> (1996)

The effect of various alignment films based on both oxides and polymers on dynamic characteristics of light-addressed nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLM) has been investigated. The mechanism based on an internal p-i-n diode model has been proposed to interpret an increase in a speed of the SLM using polymer alignment films.
The Enzymatic Phosphorylation of Ribonucleic Acid and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (1966)

The specificity of the enzyme purified from T2-infected Escherichia coli which catalyzes the phosphorylation of 5'-hydroxyl ends of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid has been examined. The enzyme also catalyzes the phosphorylation of 5'-hydroxyl groups of polynucleotides as well as 3'-mononucleotides. There is no detectable phosphorylation of nucleosides and adenosine 2'-phosphate is virtually inactive as a phosphate acceptor. The enzyme is also capable of using guanosine, cytidine, and uridine triphosphates as well as adenosine triphosphate as the phosphorylating agent. The enzyme catalyzes the quantitative phosphorylation of available 5'-hydroxyl groups occurring in a variety of different DNA preparations. When used in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase, the enzymatic phosphorylation of DNA measures the total amount of 5'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate ends present in DNA. The 5'-hydroxyl polynucleotide kinase was used to measure the amount of 5'-hydroxyl ends formed in DNA degraded by sonic oscillation and alkali and heat denaturation. In all of the cases, virtually no additional 5'-hydroxyl groups were formed. The 5'-hydroxyl kinase has also been detected in nuclei of rat liver and the activity partially characterized.
Chemical Reaction Engineering Reviews—Houston (1978)

A significant number of reviews on reactor modeling were recently published (1,2,3). However, my intent is not to review current literature. What I want to do is present a rather personal overview of reactor modeling as a tool in the hand of the designer and practitioner, and the role the academic can play in helping the practitioner to improve his skills.
Seamless Link-Level Redundancy to Improve Reliability of Industrial Wi-Fi Networks (2016)

The adoption of wireless communications and, in particular, Wi-Fi, at the lowest level of the factory automation hierarchy has not increased as fast as expected so far, mainly because of serious issues concerning determinism. Actually, besides the random access scheme, disturbance and interference prevent reliable communication over the air and, as a matter of fact, make wireless networks unable to support distributed real-time control applications properly. Several papers recently appearing in literature suggest that diversity could be leveraged to overcome this limitation effectively. In this paper, a reference architecture is introduced, which describes how seamless link-level redundancy can be applied to Wi-Fi. The framework is general enough to serve as a basis for future protocol enhancements, and also includes two optimizations aimed at improving the quality of wireless communication by avoiding unnecessary replicated transmissions. Some relevant solutions have been analyzed by means of a thorough simulation campaign, in order to highlight their benefits when compared with conventional Wi-Fi. Results show that both packet losses and network latencies improve noticeably.
Indexing valid time databases via B/sup +/-trees (1999)

We present an approach, named MAP21, which uses standard B/sup +/-trees to provide efficient indexing of valid time ranges. The MAP21 approach is based on mapping one dimensional ranges to one dimensional points where the lexicographical order among the ranges is preserved. The proposed approach may employ more than one tree, each indexing a disjoint subset of the indexed data. When compared to the Time Index and the B/sup +/-tree we show that MAP21's performance is comparable to or better than those, depending on the type of query. In terms of storage, MAP21's structure was less than 10 percent larger than the B/sup +/-tree's and much smaller than the Time Index's. The main contribution of this paper though, is to show that standard B/sup +/-trees, available in virtually any DBMS, can be used to provide an efficient temporal index.
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-2-(polyfluoroalkoxy)ethanesulfonic acids, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(perfluoroalkoxy)ethanesulfonic acids, and 2,2'-oxybis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-2-(polyfluoroalkoxy)ethanesulfonic acids, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(perfluoroalkoxy)ethanesulfonic acids, and 2,2'-oxybis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid)Wenbiao Cen, Zhi Xia Dong, Ting Ji Huang, Debao Su, and Jeanne M. ShreeveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 8, 1376–1377Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00281a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00281a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Facially Amphiphilic versus Segregated Monomers in the Design of Antibacterial Copolymers (2008)

A direct comparison of two strategies for designing antimicrobial polymers is presented. Previously, we published several reports on the use of facially amphiphilic (FA) monomers which led to polynorbornenes with excellent antimicrobial activities and selectivities. Our polymers obtained by copolymerization of structurally similar segregated monomers, in which cationic and non-polar moieties reside on separate repeat units, led to polymers with less pronounced activities. A wide range of polymer amphiphilicities was surveyed by pairing a cationic oxanorbornene with eleven different non-polar monomers and varying the comonomer feed ratios. Their properties were tested using antimicrobial assays and copolymers possessing intermediate hydrophobicities were the most active. Polymer-induced leakage of dye-filled liposomes and microscopy of polymer-treated bacteria support a membrane-based mode of action. From these results there appears to be profound differences in how a polymer made from FA monomers interacts with the phospholipid bilayer compared with copolymers from segregated monomers. We conclude that a well-defined spatial relationship of the whole polymer is crucial to obtain synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs): charged and non-polar moieties need to be balanced locally, for example, at the monomer level, and not just globally. We advocate the use of FA monomers for better control of biological properties. It is expected that this principle will be usefully applied to other backbones such as the polyacrylates, polystyrenes, and non-natural polyamides.
A degree-of-knowledge model to capture source code familiarity (2010)

The size and high rate of change of source code comprising a software system make it difficult for software developers to keep up with who on the team knows about particular parts of the code. Existing approaches to this problem are based solely on authorship of code. In this paper, we present data from two professional software development teams to show that both authorship and interaction information about how a developer interacts with the code are important in characterizing a developer's knowledge of code. We introduce the degree-of-knowledge model that computes automatically a real value for each source code element based on both authorship and interaction information. We show that the degree-of-knowledge model can provide better results than an existing expertise finding approach and also report on case studies of the use of the model to support knowledge transfer and to identify changes of interest.
Low-Complexity Wideband Transmit Beamforming Using Network-Resonant Digital Plane-Wave Filters (2018)

A low-complexity digital signal processing (DSP) back end is proposed for electronically scanned wideband transmit apertures using a uniform linear array (ULA) of Vivaldi antennas. The proposed approach exploits the concept of multidimensional network resonance, albeit in the transmit mode, to derive ultra-low-complexity recursive two-dimensional filters that can be used to feed in a ULA, producing steerable wideband beams. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations are used to verify the algorithm with wideband test input signals. A quantitative comparison with an equally selective fast-Fourier-transform-based wideband transmit aperture verifies an order-of-magnitude lower DSP complexity with reduced undesired sidelobes.
Radiation damage in protein serial femtosecond crystallography using an x-ray free-electron laser (2011)

X-ray free-electron lasers deliver intense femtosecond pulses that promise to yield high resolution diffraction data of nanocrystals before the destruction of the sample by radiation damage. Diffraction intensities of lysozyme nanocrystals collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source using 2 keV photons were used for structure determination by molecular replacement and analyzed for radiation damage as a function of pulse length and fluence. Signatures of radiation damage are observed for pulses as short as 70 fs. Parametric scaling used in conventional crystallography does not account for the observed effects.
Colour Reflection Holography (1990)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D92659 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Control of Robotic Manipulators Under Input/Output Communication Delays: Theory and Experiments (2012)

Input/output delays in a control system can pose significant impediments to the stabilization problem and potentially degrade the performance of the closed-loop system. In this paper, we study the classical set-point control problem for rigid robots with input-output communication delays in the closed-loop system. We demonstrate that if there are transmission delays between the robotic system and the controller, then the use of the scattering variables can stabilize an otherwise unstable system for arbitrary unknown constant delays. It is also demonstrated that the proposed algorithm results in guaranteed set-point tracking. In the case of time-varying delays, scattering variables together with additional gains can be utilized to stabilize the closed-loop system that is composed of the robotic manipulator and the controller. Furthermore, a scattering representation-based design with position feedback is proposed to improve closed-loop performance under time-varying delays. The proposed algorithms are validated via experiments in this paper.
Remote RF powering system for MEMS strain sensors (2006)

A reliable remote RF powering system is developed for industrial wireless MEMS strain sensing applications. The prototype system is insensitive to mechanical rotation and produces a stable DC voltage of 2.8 V with a 2 mA current supply capability from a 50 MHz RF power source with a power conversion efficiency of 11%. An improved efficiency can be expected with an optimized power transmitter design. The CMOS power converter electronics are fabricated in a 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process occupying an area of approximately 1 mm /spl times/ 1 mm. The achieved DC power is adequate for supplying a high-performance wireless MEMS strain sensing system.
Consensus-based matching and tracking of keypoints for object tracking (2014)

We propose a novel keypoint-based method for long-term model-free object tracking in a combined matching-and-tracking framework. In order to localise the object in every frame, each keypoint casts votes for the object center. As erroneous keypoints are hard to avoid, we employ a novel consensus-based scheme for outlier detection in the voting behaviour. To make this approach computationally feasible, we propose not to employ an accumulator space for votes, but rather to cluster votes directly in the image space. By transforming votes based on the current keypoint constellation, we account for changes of the object in scale and rotation. In contrast to competing approaches, we refrain from updating the appearance information, thus avoiding the danger of making errors. The use of fast keypoint detectors and binary descriptors allows for our implementation to run in real-time. We demonstrate experimentally on a diverse dataset that is as large as 60 sequences that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art when high accuracy is required and visualise these results by employing a variant of success plots.
Comparative Preclinical Study of Three Bone Marrow Purging Methods Using PCR Evaluation of Residual t(14;18) Lymphoma Cells (1996)

The t(14;18) chromosomal translocation occurring in most follicular lymphomas can be exploited by a Bcl2/JH polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect residual disease and to monitor the effectiveness of ex-vivo tumor cell immunological purging. We first demonstrated the 10(-5) Bcl2/JH PCR sensitivity with serial dilutions of OCY-LY8 lymphoma cell lines in normal mononuclear cells; and then the specificity and reproductibility of this technique by analysing follicular and non follicular lymphoma samples. With the Bcl2/JH PCR, we tested the efficiency of three marrow purging protocols with an experimentally contaminated bone marrow either treated by three anti-B cell monoclonal antibodies (mAb) followed by three rounds of rabbit complement or two rounds of immunomagnetics beads. Samples obtained after each purging were amplified by Bcl2/JH PCR and hybridized with PFL3 probe. We were able to produce a 2 to 3 log tumor cell reduction after three rounds of complement and a 4 to 5 log reduction after two rounds of beads. This study showed that it is feasible to use the Bcl2/JH PCR technique for residual cell lymphoma detection in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy or BM transplantation. These results indicate that ex-vivo immunomagnetic BM purging is probably superior to complement mediated lysis for the eradication of B lymphoma cells from the marrow of patients undergoing autologous transplantation.
Proximity effects of 'unused' output buffers on ESD performance (CMOS) (2002)

A unique failure mechanism, identified on an unused output buffer located near a used input protection device, occurs when excessive substrate current is generated during an electrostatic discharge (ESD) event. This new mechanism, the proximity effect, plays an important role when the n moat region of an input ESD circuit is within 20 mu m of an unrelated n moat diffusion region contacted to the power supply, V/sub cc/. The operation of the most commonly used ESD input protection circuitry when stressed with respect to V/sub cc/ is reviewed. A laser cut experiment has verified that disconnecting the V/sub cc/ bus from the unused n moats eliminates this type of ESD failure. Device metal mask changes have confirmed these findings. This ESD failure mechanism, has been demonstrated on a variety of I/O buffer layouts, and a solution has been identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantification of Hepatorenal Index for Computer-Aided Fatty Liver Classification with Self-Organizing Map and Fuzzy Stretching from Ultrasonography (2015)

Accurate measures of liver fat content are essential for investigating hepatic steatosis. For a noninvasive inexpensive ultrasonographic analysis, it is necessary to validate the quantitative assessment of liver fat content so that fully automated reliable computer-aided software can assist medical practitioners without any operator subjectivity. In this study, we attempt to quantify the hepatorenal index difference between the liver and the kidney with respect to the multiple severity status of hepatic steatosis. In order to do this, a series of carefully designed image processing techniques, including fuzzy stretching and edge tracking, are applied to extract regions of interest. Then, an unsupervised neural learning algorithm, the self-organizing map, is designed to establish characteristic clusters from the image, and the distribution of the hepatorenal index values with respect to the different levels of the fatty liver status is experimentally verified to estimate the differences in the distribution of the hepatorenal index. Such findings will be useful in building reliable computer-aided diagnostic software if combined with a good set of other characteristic feature sets and powerful machine learning classifiers in the future.
Real-time three-dimensional imaging through fiber bundles by four-wave mixing (1985)

Using a phase-conjugate window that utilizes four-wave mixing in the photorefractive BaTiO(3) crystal, we demonstrate real-time phase-preserving optical field imaging through a coherent (ordered) fiber bundle.
Cellular events leading to chondrocyte death after cartilage impact injury (2006)

Our data suggest that after mechanical injury, chondrocytes distant from the site may be killed through the generation of NO. Inflammatory leukocytes further extend the zone of chondrocyte death by adhering to chondrocytes expressing ICAM-1 and by inducing the accumulation of free oxygen radicals in the chondrocyte cytoplasm. Patients may benefit from therapies that reduce infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes into acutely injured cartilage.
Partial Cavity Drag Reduction at High Reynolds Numbers (2010)

Air lubrication to reduce hull skin friction is an idea that originated more than a century ago. There are few implementations of this concept, and there are even fewer systematic investigations at high Reynolds numbers. To address this, an experimental investigation was performed at the W. B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel that examined the drag-reducing effects of a ventilated partial cavity at high Reynolds numbers. The design was accomplished using both linear gravity wave theory and a two-dimensional inviscid numerical model via Fluent. The physical model was a 12 m long flat plate with a plenum on the bottom. The plenum was formed by an abrupt step near the nose and a long sloping reattachment region toward the rear. Air was injected from the aft face of the step to create a cavity approximately 17.8 cm deep. Friction loads, air flow, and cavity pressure were measured over a range of air fluxes and speeds near the cavity design speed of 3.4 m/s. Cavities were shown to be stable with respect to large changes in air flux and slow perturbations in tunnel speed and pressure. Stable cavities were produced that reduced the skin drag by more than 95% over the extent of the cavity, including the cavity closure.
All-Digital Quadrature Detection With TAD for Radio-Controlled Clocks/Watches (2009)

Time analog-to-digital converters (TADs) based on the power-supply voltage dependence of CMOS gate propagation delay time can be constructed solely of CMOS digital circuits and are characterized by output of the time integral of input voltage, with no dead time. This paper describes digital quadrature detection (DQD) by TAD (TAD-DQD). With TAD-DQD, the in-phase and quadrature components of the input signal, including amplitude and phase information, can be obtained simply by adding and subtracting AD-converted TAD output using a sampling frequency that is four times the carrier frequency of the target signal. As an example of the application of TAD-DQD, the standard-time and frequency-signal receiver circuits of a radio-controlled clock/watch are shown, and the experimental results demonstrate that the time code can in fact be received.
PCR-BASED CLONING OF CANDIDATE DISEASE RESISTANCE GENES FROM BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) (2000)

ISHS XXV International Horticultural Congress, Part 11: Application of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology and Breeding - Gene Expression and Molecular Breeding, Genome Analysis. PCR-BASED CLONING OF CANDIDATE DISEASE RESISTANCE GENES FROM BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA)
mAKAP: an A-kinase anchoring protein targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes (1999)

The compartmentalization of second messenger-activated protein kinases contributes to the fidelity of hormone-mediated signal transduction events. For example, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is tethered at specific intracellular locations through association with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). We now report the cloning of mAKAP, an anchoring protein found predominantly in heart, skeletal muscle and brain, and whose expression is induced in neonatal ventriculocytes by treatment with hypertrophic stimuli. mAKAP is targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes. Analysis of mAKAP-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs revealed that nuclear membrane targeting is conferred by two regions of the protein, between residues 772-915 and 915-1065, which contain spectrin-like repeat sequences. Heterologous expression of the mAKAP targeting sequences displaced the endogenous anchoring protein from the nuclear membrane, demonstrating that mAKAP targeting is saturable. Collectively, these data suggest that a domain containing spectrin-like repeats mediates targeting of the anchoring protein mAKAP and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme to the nuclear membrane in response to differentiation signals.