gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and VEGF receptor expression as predictive biomarkers for benefit with bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Analysis of the phase III MAX study. (2011)

3531 Background: Bevacizumab (B) in combination with chemotherapy prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mCRC. However, the subgroup that derives greatest benefit with B is not known. Since B only targets VEGF A and given the redundancy within biologic family members, we hypothesized that overexpression of other VEGF ligands could constitute a mechanism of resistance. We tested this hypothesis using tumor samples from patients in the MAX study. Methods: We analyzed tumor samples from 268 of 471 patients (56.9%) who were randomly assigned to capecitabine (C), or C and B (CB), or C, B, and mitomycin (CBM). We examined expression of VEGF A, B, C, D, R1 and R2 by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. We assessed whether expression of these biomarkers (grade 0,1 vs 2 vs 3) was predictive for B for PFS and overall survival (OS) using interactions between biomarker expression and treatment. Results: When each biomarker was examined singly, lower expression of VEGF D was associated with greater B benefits on PFS and OS (Table) and was the only significant factor biomarker in a step-down multivariate analysis for PFS. When examined singly, lower expression of VEGFR1 was associated with greater B benefits for OS (p=0.001 for treatment-biomarker interaction) but not PFS. VEGFR1 was the remaining significant biomarker in a step-down multivariate analysis for OS. Conclusions: High expression of VEGF D is predictive of resistance to B, particularly in terms of PFS. This finding is biologically plausible but requires confirmation in other trials. Selection of patients with mCRC for B treatment based on VEGF D expression may have the potential to increase absolute benefits and improve cost-effectiveness. Treatment effect (C vs. CB + CBM) PFS OS N HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) Unselected population 471 0.61 (0.50 – 0.74) 0.93 (0.75 – 1.16) VEGF D 0,1 32 0.21 (0.08 – 0.55) 0.35 (0.13 – 0.90) VEGF D 2 117 0.67 (0.45 – 1.00) 0.82 (0.52 – 1.30) VEGF D 3 110 0.77 (0.5 – 1.17) 1.28 (0.79 – 2.09) Treatment-biomarker interaction Unadjusted P = 0.02 P = 0.01 Adjusted for other biomarkers P = 0.04 P = 0.24 Adjusted for clinical factors P = 0.04 P = 0.02
Binding of interleukin 2 to gangliosides (1984)

Exogenous gangliosides inhibit interleukin 2 (IL2)-dependent growth of a T cell line, AKIL -1.E8. IL2 activity is retained by columns of ganglioside covalently linked to poly(L-lysine)-agarose and is not eluted with ethylene glycol but is completely recovered by elution with 1% SDS. The ability of gangliosides to inhibit IL2 activity is directly related to the complexity of their carbohydrate portion, and related ceramide derivatives at similar concentrations do not inhibit IL2 activity. We conclude that IL2 bound to exogenous gangliosides is inactive and that the carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside is crucial to its interaction with IL2.
Bacillus sphaericus Binary Toxin Elicits Host Cell Autophagy as a Response to Intoxication (2011)

Bacillus sphaericus strains that produce the binary toxin (Bin) are highly toxic to Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes, and have been used since the late 1980s as a biopesticide for the control of these vectors of infectious disease agents. The Bin toxin produced by these strains targets mosquito larval midgut epithelial cells where it binds to Cpm1 (Culex pipiens maltase 1) a digestive enzyme, and causes severe intracellular damage, including a dramatic cytoplasmic vacuolation. The intoxication of mammalian epithelial MDCK cells engineered to express Cpm1 mimics the cytopathologies observed in mosquito enterocytes following Bin ingestion: pore formation and vacuolation. In this study we demonstrate that Bin-induced vacuolisation is a transient phenomenon that affects autolysosomes. In addition, we show that this vacuolisation is associated with induction of autophagy in intoxicated cells. Furthermore, we report that after internalization, Bin reaches the recycling endosomes but is not localized either within the vacuolating autolysosomes or within any other degradative compartment. Our observations reveal that Bin elicits autophagy as the cell's response to intoxication while protecting itself from degradation through trafficking towards the recycling pathways.
The effect of soft bake temperature on the polymerization of SU-8 photoresist (2006)

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the influence of soft baking temperature on the lithographic performance of the negative photoresist SU-8. The work was initiated in order to obtain a lithographic resolution suitable for integration of diffractive optical components for near-infrared wavelengths. The study was carried out on 40 µm SU-8 layers on thermally oxidized silicon wafers, a widespread platform for integration of microfluidic systems and waveguides. A series of experiments covering soft bake temperatures in the range 65–115 °C were performed under otherwise identical processing conditions. The influence of the soft bake temperature on polymerization temperature as well as cracking, lithographic resolution and hardness of the resist was investigated. The kinetics of the polymerization process were observed to change with soft bake temperature, leading to changes in sensitivity and contrast of the resist, as well as changes in the material strength of the developed structures. Soft baking at 65 °C proved superior with respect to all the inspected properties, providing a sample showing full resolution of 3.8 µm wide trenches and no stress-related cracking.
Modeling of On-Chip Transmission Lines in High-Speed A&amp;MS Design - The Low Frequency Inductance Calculation (2002)

In this paper, we present a generic procedure for creating accurate and efficient expressions for calculating the low frequency inductance of on-chip transmission lines. The modeling of the inductance is an integral part of interconnect-aware A&MS design methodology, enabling high predictability of the critical interconnect behavior. The calculation procedure is based on the average geometrical distances approach and it yields the results having the accuracy within 1% vs. EM solver.
Differential Effects of Hydroxyurea upon Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphate Pools, Analyzed with Vaccinia Virus Ribonucleotide Reductase (1998)

Hydroxyurea inhibits DNA synthesis by destroying the catalytically essential free radical of class I ribonucleoside diphosphate (rNDP) reductase, thereby blocking the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. In mammalian cells, including those infected by vaccinia virus, hydroxyurea treatment causes a differential depletion of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools, suggesting that the activities of rNDP reductase are differentially sensitive to hydroxyurea. In the presence of different substrates and allosteric modifiers, we measured rates of free radical destruction in the vaccinia virus-coded rNDP reductase, by following absorbance at 417 nm as a function of time after hydroxyurea addition. Also, we followed enzyme activity directly, by using a recently developed assay that allows simultaneous monitoring of the four activities, in the presence of substrates and effectors at concentrations that approximate the intracellular environment. We found the primary determinant of radical loss to be not the ensemble of allosteric ligands bound but the activity of the enzyme. Nucleoside triphosphate effectors accelerated radical decay, compared with rates seen with the free enzyme. Adding substrate to the holoenzyme, under conditions where the enzymatic reaction is proceeding, further accelerated radical decay. Alternative models are discussed, to account for selective depletion of purine nucleotide pools by hydroxyurea.
Repeater and current-sensing hybrid circuits for on-chip interconnects (2003)

Designing interconnects is becoming an increasingly challenging problem with a few solutions. In this paper hybrid circuit based on the well known delay-optimal repeaters and the recently proposed differential current-sensing is presented. Comparison in terms of delay, power and area is drawn between various versions of the hybrid circuit with delay-optimal repeater insertion and differential current sensing in order to derive at the best possible solution. It is shown that driving 25% of the wire with repeaters and remaining with current-sensing is the best solution from delay standpoint (about 30% faster than delay-optimal repeaters). Not only do hybrid circuits consume less area, they are also a more acceptable solution from placement point of view due to fewer repeaters and a long segment of uninterrupted wire. Static power consumption inherited from differential current-sensing is the biggest drawback of the hybrid circuits.
Modification of the Levels of Polyphenols in Wort and Beer by Addition of Hexamethylenetetramine or Sulfite during Mashing (2001)

The effects of addition of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) or sulfite during mashing on the polyphenol content and oxidative stability of wort and beer have been evaluated in a series of laboratory mashings and pilot brews. HMT reduced the concentration of catechin, prodelphinidin B-3, and procyanidin B-3 in wort and beer, whereas the concentration of ferulic acid was unaffected. Sulfite had only a minor effect on the concentration of phenolics in wort and beer. Addition of HMT or sulfite during mashing increased the oxidative stability of the beer slightly as judged by the tendency of formation of radicals (ESR spin trapping technique), although sensory analysis gave identical flavor acceptance scores to beers produced from untreated and HMT-treated wort and lower scores to beer from sulfite-treated wort. No difference in the oxidative stability of the differently treated sweet worts could be detected as judged by the rate of formation of radicals. HMT addition during mashing has thus been demonstrated to be a valuable experimental tool to control the level of polyphenols in wort and for producing brews with various levels of polyphenols from a single malt.
Some problems of nonequilibrium copolycondensation (1973)

Abstract The influence of the reactivity of the starting compounds and reaction conditions on the formation of the macromolecules of copolymers has been investigated for a nonequilibrium copolycondensation in solution by acceptor‐catalytic polyesterification. In the nonequilibrium copolycondensation in solution, copolymers with different distributions of units may be formed, depending on various factors. Introduction of all amounts of acid chloride (intermonomer) in the beginning of the nonequilibrium copolycondensation leads to the formation of copolymers with statistical distribution of the units independent of the difference in reactivity of the comonomers used. For synthesis of copolymers with a block structure by one‐stage nonequilibrium polycondensation in solution the initial comonomers must have different reactivities ( r ≠ 1) and the rate of intermonomer introduction must be lower than that of its reaction with the more reactive comonomer. On varying the above factors, block copolymers with different lengths of block segments may be obtained.
CCXXXIX.—A new synthesis of oxazines (1921)

A. Fairbourne and H. Toms, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1921, 119, 2076 DOI: 10.1039/CT9211902076
A simple goodness-of-fit test for the power-law process, based on the duane plot (2003)

The PLP (power-law process) or the Duane model is a simple model that can be used for both reliability growth and reliability deterioration. GOF (goodness-of-fit) tests for the PLP have attracted much attention. However, the practical use of the PLP model is its graphical analysis or the Duane plot, which is a log-log plot of the cumulative number of failures versus time. This has been commonly used for model validation and parameter estimation. When a plot is made, and the coefficient of determination, R/sup 2/, of the regression line is computed, the model can be tested based on this value. This paper introduces a statistical test, based on this simple procedure. The distribution of R/sup 2/ under the PLP hypothesis is shown not to depend on the true model parameters. Hence, it is possible to build a statistical GOF test for the PLP. The critical values of the test depend only on the sample size. Simulations show that this test is reasonably powerful compared with the usual PLP GOF tests. It is sometimes more powerful, especially for deteriorating systems. Implementing this test needs only the computation of a coefficient of determination. It is much easier than, for example, computing an Anderson-Darling statistic. Further study is needed to compare more precisely this new test with the existing ones. But the R/sup 2/ test provides a very simple and useful objective approach for decision making with regard to model validation.
Phase II Study of Oral Fludarabine Phosphate in Relapsed Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2005)

Oral fludarabine phosphate is highly effective in patients with relapsed indolent B-NHL who have mostly been pretreated with rituximab and is more convenient than the IV formulation.
Nucleoside und Nucleotide. Teil 3. Über die Polykondensation von Thymidin‐3′‐phosphat nach der Triestermethode (1972)

Abstract Condensation of a mixture of 25 mole per cent of 5′‐O‐ p ‐methoxy‐trityl‐thymidine3′‐[(β‐cyanoethyl)phosphate] and 75 mole per cent of thymidine 3′‐[(β‐cyanoethyl)phosphate] in pyridine yielded a mixture of oligonucleotides, the largest being the pentanucleotide. It was demonstrated that longer chains are not obtained due to the formation of a C‐pyridinium‐thymidine nucleotide. For avoiding this undesired side reaction, the condensation was carried out using sym. ‐collidine as solvent. The analogous side reaction was not observed, longer chains of oligonucleotide were not obtained, however.
Inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activity by benzimidazole derivatives. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (1982)

Eight-two benzimidazole derivatives have been prepared and tested for the ability to inhibit cytochrome P-450 mediated enzyme activity (aminopyrine N-demethylase) from phenobarbitone-induced rat hepatic microsomes. Using physicochemical parameters and multiple regression analysis, we derived a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) that describes up to 87% of the data variance in terms of hydrophobic and electronic effects and the molar refractivity of the substituent in the 2-position of the benzimidazole ring.
Comparison of dumbell-based theory and experiment for a dilute polymer solution in a corotating two-roll mill (1999)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Graham M. Harrison, Johan Remmelgas, L. Gary Leal; Comparison of dumbell-based theory and experiment for a dilute polymer solution in a corotating two-roll mill. J. Rheol. 1 January 1999; 43 (1): 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550982 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Control of hole carrier density of polycrystalline Cu2O thin films by Si doping (2002)

The effects on the electrical properties of Si doping into Cu2O thin films deposited by reactive sputtering were studied. The hole density increased from 1×1015 to 1×1017 cm−3 with increasing Si content and the minimum resistivity obtained was 12 Ω cm. It was suggested that the electrically active acceptor with an activation energy of 0.19 eV was generated by Si doping. Infrared absorption measurements indicated the formation of silicate in Si-doped Cu2O. The mechanism for Si acting as an acceptor in Cu2O is discussed and modeled based on the silicate formation in Cu2O.
Immunologic Identification of Coxsackie A21 Virus with Coe Virus. (1961)

Cross neutralization tests in HeLa cell cultures, using both the monolayer and metabolic-inhibition technics, show the Coe virus, etiologically associated with respiratory disease, to be immunologically indistinguishable from the recently-described Cox-sackie group A, type 21, virus.
Applications, coatings, and fabrication (1987)

VOLUME V: OPTICAL MATERIALS, Part 3 - APPLICATIONS, COATINGS, AND FABRICATION. APPLICATIONS. Optical Waveguide Materials. Optical Storage Materials. Holographic Recording Materials. Phase Con-jugation Materials. Laser Crystals. Laser Glasses. Quantum Counter Materials. THIN FILMS AND COATINGS. Multilayer Dielectric Coatings. Graded-Index Surfaces and Films. OPTICAL MATERIALS FABRICATION. Fabrication Techniques. Fabrication Procedures for Spe-cific Materials. INDEX.
Teaching and learning online with wikis (2004)

Wikis are fully editable websites; any user can read or add content to a wiki site. This functionality means that wikis are an excellent tool for collaboration in an online environment. This paper presents wikis as a useful tool for facilitating online education. Basic wiki functionality is outlined and different wikis are reviewed to highlight the features that make them a valuable technology for teaching and learning online. Finally, the paper discuses a wiki project underway at Deakin University. This project uses a wiki to host an icebreaker exercise which aims to facilitate ongoing interaction between members of online learning groups. Wiki projects undertaken in America are outlined and future wiki research plans are also discussed. These wiki projects illustrate how e-learning practitioners can and are moving beyond their comfort zone by using wikis to enhance the process of teaching and learning online.
Phase-Locked Loop Design Fundamentals (2006)

The fundamental design concepts for phase-locked loops implemented with integrated circuits are outlined. The necessary equations required to evaluate the basic loop performance are given in conjunction with a brief design example.
Electrical Characterization of MOS Structures with Deposited Oxides Annealed in N<sub>2</sub>O or NO (2009)

In this work, the electrical characteristics and the reliability of 80nm thick deposited oxides annealed in NO and N2O on the 4H-SiC Si-face for gate oxide application in MOS devices is analyzed by C-V, I-V measurements and by constant current stress. Compared to thermally grown oxides, the deposited oxides annealed in N2O or NO showed improved electrical properties. Dit-values lower than 1011cm-2eV-1 have been achieved for the NO sample. The intrinsic QBD-values of deposited and annealed oxides are one order of magnitudes higher than the highest values reported for thermally grown oxides. Also MOSFETS were fabricated with a channel mobility of 20.05 cm2/Vs for the NO annealed deposited oxide. Furthermore annealing in NO is preferred to annealing in N2O regarding µFE- and QBD-values.
Impedance characteristics of two-wire helical antenna in normal mode (1998)

A helical antenna in normal mode is used as a small antenna for handsets in personal communication systems. When the diameter and axial length of the helical antenna is small compared with the wavelength of the operating frequency, the antenna works in normal mode and has a radiation pattern and linear polarization the same as a monopole antenna. Because the radiation resistance of the antenna is low and the Q-factor is high, the impedance characteristic is a problem. In this paper, a normal-mode helical antenna consisting of two wires is treated and the impedance characteristics of the antenna are analyzed. It is possible to use currents on the helical antenna in balanced and unbalanced modes by use of two wires of the antenna. The analytical results show that the radiation resistance in the unbalanced mode as the radiation mode can be stepped up, and the reactance in the balance mode as transmission-line mode can be used for impedance matching. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 81(12): 37–44, 1998
The Repair of the Tobacco Specific Nitrosamine Derived Adduct <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-[4-Oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine by <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase Variants (2004)

The tobacco specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a potent pulmonary carcinogen, both methylates and pyridyloxobutylates DNA. Both reaction pathways generate promutagenic O6-alkylguanine adducts. These adducts, O6-methylguanine (O6-mG) and O6-[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine (O6-pobG), are repaired by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). In this report, we demonstrate that pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts are repaired by AGT in a reaction that results in pyridyloxobutyl transfer to the active site cysteine. Because minor changes within the binding pocket of AGT can alter the ability of this protein to repair bulky O6-alkylguanine adducts relative to O6-mG, we explored the ability of AGTs from different species as well as several human AGT variants and mutants to discriminate between O6-mG or O6-pobG adducts. We incubated proteins with equal molar amounts of oligodeoxynucleotides containing site specifically incorporated O6-mG or O6-pobG and measured repair. Bacterial AGTs poorly repaired O6-pobG. Mouse and rat AGT repaired both adducts at comparable rates. Wild-type human AGT, variant I143V/K178R, and mutant N157H repaired O6-mG approximately twice as fast as O6-pobG. Human variant G160R and mutants P140K, Y158H, G156A, and E166G did not repair O6-pobG until all of the O6-mG was removed. To understand the role of adduct structure on relative repair rates, the competition experiments were repeated with two other bulky O6-alkylguanine adducts, O6-butylguanine (O6-buG) and O6-benzylguanine (O6-bzG). The proteins displayed similar repair preference of O6-mG relative to O6-buG as observed with O6-pobG. In contrast, all of the mammalian proteins, except the mutant P140K, preferentially repaired O6-bzG. These studies indicate that the rate of repair of O6-pobG is highly dependent on protein structure. Inefficient repair of O6-pobG by bacterial AGT explains the high mutagenic activity of this adduct in bacterial systems. In addition, differences observed in the repair of this adduct by mammalian proteins may translate into differences in sensitivity to the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of NNK or other pyridyloxobutylating nitrosamines.
Application of orbital angular momentum to simultaneous determination of tilt and lateral displacement of a misaligned laser beam (2010)

We present an analysis of the combined effects of tilt and lateral displacement on the orbital angular momentum spectrum of a laser beam. Our theory explains the symmetries and properties of the spectrum under the influence of misalignments. We apply the theory to establish a reliable and efficient method for determining and subsequently eliminating tilt and lateral displacement. An improved technique for obtaining the orbital angular momentum spectrum employing Laguerre-Gaussian modes is proposed. Finally, a numerical experiment is carried out to verify the method.
Hybridization as an Avenue of Escape for Engineered Genes (1990)

Journal Article Hybridization as an Avenue of Escape for Engineered Genes Get access Norman C. Ellstrand, Norman C. Ellstrand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carol A. Hoffman Carol A. Hoffman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 40, Issue 6, June 1990, Pages 438–442, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311390 Published: 01 June 1990