gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Solriamfetol in Participants With Normal or Impaired Renal Function and With End‐Stage Renal Disease Requiring Hemodialysis (2019)

Solriamfetol (JZP-110), a selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with wake-promoting effects, is renally excreted ∼90% unchanged within 48 hours. Effects of renal impairment and hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics and safety of 75-mg single-dose solriamfetol were evaluated in adults with normal renal function (n = 6); mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 6), or severe (n = 6) renal impairment; and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with and without hemodialysis (n = 7). Relative to normal renal function, geometric mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity increased 53%, 129%, and 339%, and mean half-life was 1.2-, 1.9-, and 3.9-fold higher with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively. Renal excretion of unchanged solriamfetol over 48 hours was 85.8%, 80.0%, 66.4%, and 57.1% in normal, mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment groups, respectively; mean maximum concentration and time to maximum concentration did not vary substantially. Decreases in solriamfetol clearance were proportional to decreases in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Geometric mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration increased 357% and 518% vs normal in ESRD with and without hemodialysis, respectively, with half-life >100 hours in both groups. Over the 4-hour hemodialysis period, ∼21% of solriamfetol dose was removed. Adverse events included headache (n = 1) and nausea (n = 1). Six days after dosing, 1 participant had increased alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, leading to study discontinuation. While these adverse events were deemed study-drug related, they were mild and resolved. Results from this study combined with population pharmacokinetic modeling/simulation suggest that solriamfetol dosage adjustments are necessary in patients with moderate or severe but not with mild renal impairment. Due to significant exposure increase/prolonged half-life, dosing is not recommended in patients with ESRD.
Children are different (1992)

Elizabeth Kelly and Breda McErlean discuss the need for paediatric intensive care units, in providing optimum care for critically ill children
Voltage modulation scanned probe oxidation (1999)

Scanned probe microscope (SPM) oxidation with voltage modulation leads to a significant enhancement of the oxide growth rate, improvement of the aspect ratio of oxide features, and control of the structural and electrical properties of the SPM oxide. Variation of the voltage-pulse parameters confirms that the oxide dimensions can be controlled sensitively over a wide range of pulse parameters and that voltage modulation overcomes the self-limiting character of SPM oxidation by reducing the buildup of space charge within the oxide during growth. The enhancement can be used to increase the writing speed or lower the voltage, both beneficial for practical nanoelectronics fabrication.
Criteria for evaluation of policies for promotion of innovation by enterprises (2019)

Innovation is one of important factors to help enterprises in enhancing their competition positions and then pushing up fast and sustainable socio-economic development in international competitive markets. This fact is internationally acknowledged largely. In actual global competitive context, enterprises are facing a tough choice: innovation and R&D or bankruptcy. Supports from the State through policies and mechanisms are important driving forces to push enterprises to do innovations for development. The set up of criteria for evaluation of policies for promotion of innovation by enterprises has highly important roles for decision making by individuals or organizations. This paper is to give answers to the following questions: (i) What are policies for promotion of innovation by enterprises? (ii) What are factors which make impacts to policies for promotion of innovation by enterprises? and (iii) What are criteria for evaluation of policies for promotion innovation by enterprises? Code: 19060701
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMOTHERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE NITRO COMPOUNDS. PART 2‐ NITRODIPHENYL SULFONES (1976)

Abstract Von den Nitrodiphenylsulfonen der allgemeinen Formel (I) und (II) sowie den Nitrodiphenylsulfiden (III) erweisen sich einige der Verbindungen als gut wirksam gegen Tuberkelbakterien und Plasmodien.
Segmented Transmission-Line Electroabsorption Modulators (2004)

We present segmented transmission-line (TML) electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) with characteristic impedance close to 50 /spl Omega/. The segmented TML approach allows us to design a traveling-wave EAM with 50 /spl Omega/ impedance and very high bandwidth. The devices show low return loss (<-15 dB) and excellent frequency response up to 50 GHz, and exhibit a maximum model-extrapolated 3 dBe bandwidth (BW) of 90 GHz. An effective modeling tool based on Bloch-wave analysis is derived. Design considerations and TML properties for periodic TML-EAMs are discussed.
Effects of short-term vibration and hypoxia during high-intensity cycling exercise on circulating levels of angiogenic regulators in humans (2007)

This study aimed to investigate the biological response to hypoxia as a stimulus, as well as exercise- and vibration-induced shear stress, which is known to induce angiogenesis. Twelve male cyclists (27.8 +/- 5.4 yr) participated in this study. Each subject completed four cycle training sessions under normal conditions (NC) without vibration, NC with vibration, normobaric hypoxic conditions (HC) without vibration, and HC with vibration. Each session lasted 90 min, and sessions were held at weekly intervals in a randomized order. Five blood samples (pretraining and 0 h post-, 0.5 h post-, 1 h post-, and 4 h posttraining) were taken from each subject at each training session. Hypoxia was induced by a normobaric hypoxic chamber with an altitude of 2,500 m. The mechanical forces (cycling with or without vibration) were induced by a cycling ergometer. The parameters VEGF, endostatin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed using the ELISA method. VEGF showed a significant increase immediately after the exercise only with exogenously induced vibrations, as calculated with separate ANOVA analysis. Endostatin increased after training under all conditions. Western blot analysis was performed for the determination of endostatin corresponding to the 22-kDa cleavage product of collagen XVIII. This demonstrated elevated protein content for endostatin at 0 h postexercise. MMP-2 increased in three of the four training conditions. The exception was NC with vibration. MMP-9 reached its maximum level at 4 h postexercise. In conclusion, the results support the contention that mechanical stimuli differentially influence factors involved in the induction of angiogenesis. These findings may contribute to a broader understanding of angiogenesis.
Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis: Conventional Therapy Versus Lysis and Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stenting (2001)

Lysis/stenting treatment was more effective than conventional treatment in patients with iliofemoral vein thrombosis.
Vasculogenesis from Embryonic Bodies of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Transfected by Tgf-β1 Gene (1998)

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells transfected with a 1.7 kb cDNA of porcine transforming growth factor type beta1 (TGFbeta1), known as ES-T cells, were found to be able to differentiate in vitro into cystic embryonic bodies (EBs) with outspread tubular structures. Morphological analysis using light, phase-contrast and electron microscopes revealed that in culture, the EBs of ES-T cells initially developed some flat endothelial-like cells which further proliferated and migrated to form thread structures. At 8-10 days after EB formation, these thread structures further developed into net-like and tubular structures connecting directly to EBs. Immunofluorescent assays using antibodies against Flk-1 and von Willebrand factor (vWF) indicated that these net-like and tubular structures of ES-T cells consisted of vascular endothelial cells. Further analysis by RT-PCR revealed that the EBs with tubular structures expressed the mRNA of other markers of vascular endothelial cells, including VE-cadherin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM). Cells of hematopoietic origin were not detected on the outside of EBs by immunostaining using several antibodies specific for granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes as well as by benzidine staining for erythroid cells on the outside of EBs. Our data demonstrates that the transfer of TGFbeta1 into ES cells results in a significant vasculogenesis without concomitant hematopoiesis. ES-T cells could therefore provide an excellent model for studying blood vessel formation and vasculogenic and hematopoietic interactions.
Inhibition of glypican-3 expression via RNA interference influences the growth and invasive ability of the MHCC97-H human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (2011)

Glypican-3 (GPC3), a membrane-bound heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is found to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible role of GPC3 in the development of HCC. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) with a GPC3 small hairpin RNA (GPC3 shRNA) was used to identify the effects of GPC3 on the regulation of malignant behaviors of HCC. MHCC97-H, a highly metastatic human HCC cell line in which GPC3 mRNA and protein levels were detected as the highest among the 4 HCC cell lines assessed in this study, and was thus selected as a cell model for in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that down-regulation of GPC3 can significantly inhibit the proliferative and invasive ability of MHCC97-H. Compared with the parental HCC cells, GPC3-silenced cells exhibited attenuated capacities in developing tumors in nude mice, while the growth of tumor xenografts derived from these cells dramatically regressed. In conclusion, our results suggest that GPC3 contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of HCC and that it may be a potential molecular target for HCC treatment.
Automated Structure Solution with the PHENIX Suite (2008)

Significant time and effort are often required to solve and complete a macromolecular crystal structure. The development of automated computational methods for the analysis, solution and completion of crystallographic structures has the potential to produce minimally biased models in a short time without the need for manual intervention. The PHENIX software suite is a highly automated system for macromolecular structure determination that can rapidly arrive at an initial partial model of a structure without significant human intervention, given moderate resolution and good quality data. This achievement has been made possible by the development of new algorithms for structure determination, maximum-likelihood molecular replacement (PHASER), heavy-atom search (HySS), template and pattern-based automated model-building (RESOLVE, TEXTAL), automated macromolecular refinement (phenix.refine), and iterative model-building, density modification and refinement that can operate at moderate resolution (RESOLVE, AutoBuild). These algorithms are based on a highly integrated and comprehensive set of crystallographic libraries that have been built and made available to the community. The algorithms are tightly linked and made easily accessible to users through the PHENIX Wizards and the PHENIX GUI.
The Preparation of Some Higher Aliphatic Sulfonic Acids (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Higher Aliphatic Sulfonic AcidsC. R. Noller and J. J. GordonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 3, 1090–1094Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01330a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01330a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy Component Library for Power Consumption Analysis of Embedded Software (2009)

임베디드 소프트웨어의 복잡성 및 대형화로 인하여 기능적 요구사항뿐만 아니라 소모전력 관리와 같은 비기능적 요구사항이 중요시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소스 코드 기반의 소모 전력을 분석하는 기존의 접근 방법과 달리 UML 2.0 기반의 모델을 중심으로 하는 임베디드 소프트웨어의 소모전력 분석 기법을 제시한다. 특히 소모 전력 분석을 위해 요구되는 에너지 컴포넌트에 대한 라이브러리 구축에 대하여 제시한다. 제시하는 라이브러리는 모델 기반의 소모전력 분석을 가능하도록 지원할 뿐만 아니라, 임베디드 응용의 변경에 따른 라이브러리 적용이 쉽게 이루어질 수 있다는 장점을 제공한다. Along with the complexity and size growth of embedded software, it is critical to meet the nonfunctional requirements such as power consumption as well as functional requirements such as correctness. This paper, apart from the existing studies of source code-based power analysis, proposes an approach of model-based power analysis using UML 2.0. Specially, we focus on the development of energy library to analyze the power consumption of embedded software. Our energy library supports model-based power analysis, and also supports the easy adaption for the change of embedded application.
Optimal Ecodriving Control: Energy-Efficient Driving of Road Vehicles as an Optimal Control Problem (2015)

Transportation is responsible for a substantial fraction of worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and is the largest sector after energy production. However, while emissions from other sectors are generally decreasing, those from transportation have increased since 1990. Reducing the impact of transportation is a task that is inherently associated with the improvement of energy efficiency, particularly for passenger cars that contribute to almost half of the whole sector.
Facile Preparation of Homoallyl β',γ'‐Unsaturated Amines via 1, 2‐Addition of α, β‐Unsaturated Imines with Allylsamarium Bromide (2002)

Abstract A series of homoallyl β',γ'‐unsaturated amines were synthesized via 1,2‐addition of α,β‐unsaturated imines with allylsamarium bromide in excellent yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Temperature-independent silicon subwavelength grating waveguides (2011)

We demonstrate, by experiment and numerical calculations, temperature-independent subwavelength grating waveguides with a periodic composite core composed of alternating regions of silicon and SU-8 polymer. The polymer has a negative thermo-optic (TO) material coefficient that cancels the large positive TO effect of the silicon. Measurements and Bloch mode calculations were carried out over a range of silicon-polymer duty ratios. The lowest measured TO coefficient at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 1.8×10(-6) K(-1); 2 orders of magnitude smaller than a conventional silicon photonic wire waveguide. Calculations predict the possibility of complete cancellation of the silicon waveguide temperature dependence.
Frequency Synchronization in OFDM System (2013)

An accurate frequency synchronization method using the zadoff-chu (ZC) constant envelop preamble is analyzed, and a new preamble weighted by pseudo-noise sequence is used for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Using this method, frequency offset estimator range is greatly enlarged with no loss in accuracy. The range of the frequency estimation is ±30 of subcarrier spacing using ZC sequence as preamble. Simulations in the MATLAB for an AWGN channel show that the proposed method achieves superior performance to existing techniques in terms of frequency accuracy and range.
Identification of an acid-activated Cl<sup>−</sup> channel from human skeletal muscles (1999)

ClC-4 gene was isolated as a putative Cl(-) channel. Due to a lack of functional expression of ClC-4, its physiological role remains unknown. We isolated a human ClC-4 clone (hClC-4sk) from human skeletal muscles and stably transfected it to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Whole cell patch-clamp studies showed that the hClC-4sk channel was activated by external acidic pH and inhibited by DIDS. It passed a strong outward Cl(-) current with a permeability sequence of I(-) > Cl(-) > F(-). The hClC-4sk has consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA); however, stimulation of PKA had no effect on the currents. hClC-4sk mRNA was expressed in excitable tissues, such as heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. These functional characteristics of hClC-4sk provide a clue to its physiological role in excitable cells.
A Convenient Synthesis of 5,6β-Epoxides of Some Cholesteryl Esters and Δ<sup>5</sup>-Ketosteroid Derivatives by Catalytic β-Stereoselective Epoxidation (1989)

The epoxidation of a series of cholesteryl esters by air in the presence of a catalytic amount of a ruthenium tetramesitylporphyrin complex is described. The preparative procedure, which requires only 4 to 5 mol % of the catalyst, leads to high conversion (76 to 94 %) and very high β-stereoselectivity (> 99 %). Similar results are obtained in the epoxidation of 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-ene-17-one, 3β-acetoxypregn-5-ene-20-one, and 3,3-ethylenedioxycholest-5-ene.
Differential Defense Reactions in Leaf Tissues of Barley in Response to Infection by <i>Rhynchosporium secalis</i> and to Treatment with a Fungal Avirulence Gene Product (2003)

Expression of defense-associated genes was analyzed in leaf tissues of near-isogenic resistant and susceptible barley cultivars upon infection by Rhynchosporium secalis. The genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins PR-1, PR-5, and PR-9 are specifically expressed in the mesophyll of resistant plants, whereas a germin-like protein (OxOLP) is synthesized in the epidermis irrespective of the resistance genotype. Restriction-mediated differential display was employed to identify additional epidermis-specific genes. This resulted in the detection of another PR gene, PR-10, along with a lipoxygenase gene, LoxA, and a gene of unknown function, pI2-4, which are specifically induced in the epidermis of resistant plants. The gene encoding a putative protease inhibitor, SD10, is preferentially but not exclusively expressed in the epidermis. The fungal avirulence gene product NIP1 triggers the induction of the four PR genes only. At least two additional elicitors, therefore, must be postulated, one for the unspecific induction of OxOLP and one for the resistance-specific induction of LoxA, pI2-4, and SD10. PR-10 expression can be assumed to be the consequence of NIP1 perception by epidermis cells. In contrast, gene expression in the mesophyll is likely to be triggered by an as yet unknown signal that appears to originate in the epidermis and that is strongly amplified in the mesophyll.
Suppression of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis and Extension of Survival by Expression of Apolipoprotein(a) Kringles (2004)

The formation of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer is the main cause of patient death. Current therapies directed at hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer have had minimal impact on outcome. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies for liver metastasis require development. The present study was performed to evaluate the application of cDNA of LK68 encoding apolipoprotein(a) kringles IV-9, IV-10, and V as possible candidates for gene therapy treatment of this life-threatening disease. The murine colorectal cancer cell line CT26 was transduced ex vivo with LK68 cDNA via retroviral gene transfer, and an experimental model of hepatic metastasis was established by injecting LK68-expressing and control cells into the spleens of BALB/c mice. Expression of LK68 did not affect the growth characteristics and viability of transduced CT26 cells in vitro. LK68 produced from CT26 cells substantially inhibited the migration of endothelial cells in vitro. In vivo, substantial suppression of liver metastasis and prolonged survival were observed in mice bearing LK68-expressing CT26 cells, compared with controls. LK68-expressing liver metastases were restricted to smaller sizes and displayed decreased microvessel density and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Our data collectively indicate that LK68 suppresses angiogenesis-dependent progression of prevascular micrometastases to macroscopic tumors and their growth, which are clinically accessible and biologically relevant therapeutic targets. We propose that antiangiogenic gene therapy with LK68 is a promising strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.
Preparation and Holographic Recording of Diarylethene-Doped Photochromic Films (2003)

This study investigated the photochromic properties and characterization of acetyl-substituted diarylethene (DAMBTF6)-doped fluoroacrylates media for holographic storage. For the rewritable holographic recording media, we prepared photochromic polymer films using an acrylate matrix by simple photocuring methods. Switching light sources from a visible (532 nm) to an ultraviolet (365 nm) produced transparent films that changed from pale yellow to red. Holographic recording was performed on the photochromic films by two interfering collimated plane wave beams. Excitation with a visible or ultraviolet light completely erased the records, and the film was rewritable either by 532 nm laser or by 325 nm laser within 2 seconds. Images were recorded onto a pixelated spatial light modulator with rectangular pixel apertures and reconstructed on the photochromic films to show recovery of the original images with high resolution.
The photochemistry of the uranyl ion (1974)

H. D. Burrows and T. J. Kemp, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1974, 3, 139 DOI: 10.1039/CS9740300139
Bispecific antibodies: design, therapy, perspectives (2018)

Antibodies (Abs) containing two different antigen-binding sites in one molecule are called bispecific. Bispecific Abs (BsAbs) were first described in the 1960s, the first monoclonal BsAbs were generated in the 1980s by hybridoma technology, and the first article describing the therapeutic use of BsAbs was published in 1992, but the number of papers devoted to BsAbs has increased significantly in the last 10 years. Particular interest in BsAbs is due to their therapeutic use. In the last decade, two BsAbs - catumaxomab in 2009 and blinatumomab in 2014, were approved for therapeutic use. Papers published in recent years have been devoted to various methods of BsAb generation by genetic engineering and chemical conjugation, and describe preclinical and clinical trials of these drugs in a variety of diseases. This review considers diverse BsAb-production methods, describes features of therapeutic BsAbs approved for medical use, and summarizes the prospects of practical application of promising new BsAbs.