gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Development Platforms and Methods for Cloud Applications (2011)

This paper proposes a cloud application framework, which integrates both the development and production environment seamlessly. The framework consists of the client-side integrated development environment (IDE), and the server-side service portfolio and cloud controller. The IDE has requirement definition, architecture design and application prototyping tools, and it can simulate execution of large-scale applications in developers' PCs. The service portfolio incorporates data from these tools and enables automatic data sharing between them, thereby avoiding setback and redundancy. To accommodate the applications on the cloud, the cloud controller utilizes the resource structures designed in the IDE and generates virtual machines (VMs) from templates, in which a verified OS and middleware for large-scale data processing are packaged. The behavior of VMs and applications will be automatically monitored and catalogued as a guideline for the next project. With these comprehensive approaches, the system integration methods can be streamlined and the acceleration of development can be easily demonstrated.
Exploiting the Cancer Genome: Strategies for the Discovery and Clinical Development of Targeted Molecular Therapeutics (2011)

Our biological understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has benefited from advances in basic research, accelerated recently by cancer genome sequencing and other high-throughput, genome-wide profiling technologies. Given the diverse heterogeneity among tumors, the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy and one-size-fits-all approaches to cancer discovery and development are not appropriate for molecularly targeted agents. Selection of new drug targets is based on achieving cancer selectivity through exploiting specific dependencies and vulnerabilities predicted from tumor genetics. Discovery of highly target-selective agents is enhanced by integrating multiple modern technologies, particularly structure-based design. Efficient clinical evaluation requires smart, hypothesis-testing studies using validated pharmacodynamic and predictive biomarkers. We discuss and exemplify biomarker-driven clinical development and the concept of the Pharmacologic Audit Trail. We detail the exciting approaches offered by drugging the cancer genome, focusing on blocking oncogene addiction, drugging the oncogenic lipid kinome, addressing nononcogene addiction, exploiting synthetic lethality, and overcoming apoptotic resistance, leading to personalized molecular medicine.
Rapid Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay To Quantify Plasma (−)-Epicatechin Metabolites after Ingestion of a Standard Portion of Cocoa Beverage in Humans (2005)

A rapid liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with negative ion detection method was developed and validated to determine cocoa flavonoid metabolites in human plasma and urine after the intake of a standard portion of a cocoa beverage. A chromatographic run time of only 9 min provided clear separation of all metabolites and internal standards. Samples were analyzed in a product-ion scan of m/z 289, 369, and 465 to identify the metabolites and in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode to quantify (-)-epicatechin ((-)-Ec) (289/ 245), (-)-epicatechin-glucuronide ((-)-EcG) (465/289), and (-)-epicatechin-sulfate ((-)-EcS) (369/289). One (-)-Ec-G and three (-)-Ec-S were identified and confirmed in urine as the major metabolites, and one (-)-Ec-G was the only metabolite present in plasma volunteers (n = 5) at a mean concentration of 625.7 +/- 198.3 nmol/L at 2 h after consumption of a cocoa beverage containing 54.4 mg of (-)-Ec.
Latent aspect rating analysis on review text data (2010)

In this paper, we define and study a new opinionated text data analysis problem called Latent Aspect Rating Analysis (LARA), which aims at analyzing opinions expressed about an entity in an online review at the level of topical aspects to discover each individual reviewer's latent opinion on each aspect as well as the relative emphasis on different aspects when forming the overall judgment of the entity. We propose a novel probabilistic rating regression model to solve this new text mining problem in a general way. Empirical experiments on a hotel review data set show that the proposed latent rating regression model can effectively solve the problem of LARA, and that the detailed analysis of opinions at the level of topical aspects enabled by the proposed model can support a wide range of application tasks, such as aspect opinion summarization, entity ranking based on aspect ratings, and analysis of reviewers rating behavior.
Pathogenicity of <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus schleiferi</i>, and three other coagulase-negative staphylococci in a mouse model and possible virulence factors (1990)

Staphylococcus lugdunesis and Staphylococcus schleiferi, two newly described species, have been isolated from numerous types of human infections. We compared the pathogenicity of 30 strains of S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus hominis, using a mouse model in which a foreign body preadhered with the test strain was implanted subcutaneously, followed by injection of the test strain. All five species of staphylococci produced abscesses. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. schleiferi, and S. lugdunensis yielded species means of 76-91% abscess formation; 80-100% of the infected foreign bodies and tissues were culture positive. These three species were more virulent than S. warneri or S. hominis, which produced abscesses in 54 and 65% of mice, respectively; only 10-48% of the infected samples were culture positive. Transmission electron microscopy of pure cultures of selected strains showed that all species possessed glycocalyx. All species produced a variety of possible virulence factors, such as alpha and delta hemolysins, as well as the aggressins lipase and esterase. The production of exoenzymes did not always correlate with virulence as demonstrated by abscess formation in mice.
Modeling the cosmic-ray-induced soft-error rate in integrated circuits: An overview (1996)

This paper is an overview of the concepts and methodologies used to predict soft-error rates (SER) due to cosmic and high-energy particle radiation in integrated circuit chips. The paper emphasizes the need for the SER simulation using the actual chip circuit model which includes device, process, and technology parameters as opposed to using either the discrete device simulation or generic circuit simulation that is commonly employed in SER modeling. Concepts such as funneling, event-by-event simulation, nuclear history files, critical charge, and charge sharing are examined. Also discussed are the relative importance of elastic and inelastic nuclear collisions, rare event statistics, and device vs. circuit simulations. The semi-empirical methodologies used in the aerospace community to arrive at SERs [also referred to as single-event upset (SEU) rates] in integrated circuit chips are reviewed. This paper is one of four in this special issue relating to SER modeling. Together, they provide a comprehensive account of this modeling effort, which has resulted in a unique modeling tool called the Soft-Error Monte Carlo Model, or SEMM.
Resistive-Pulse Detection of Short dsDNAs Using a Chemically Functionalized Conical Nanopore Sensor (2008)

Attachment of ethanolamine to the carboxylate groups on the pore wall lowered the anionic charge density on the wall. This mitigated the problem of electrostatic rejection of the anionic DNAs from the pore and enabled the detection of these DNA analytes.
Studies on the biotin-binding sites of avidin and streptavidin. A chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization investigation of the status of tyrosine residues (1989)

We applied the protein photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-c.i.d.n.p.) method to explore the conformation of the side chains of tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine residues in three biotin-binding proteins. The c.i.d.n.p. spectra of avidin, streptavidin and 'core' streptavidin were compared with those of their complexes with biotin and its derivatives. The data indicate that the single tyrosine residue (Tyr-33) of avidin is clearly inaccessible to the triplet flavin photo-c.i.d.n.p. probe. The same holds for all tryptophan and histidine side chains. Although the analogous Tyr-43 residue of streptavidin is also buried, at least three of the other tyrosine residues of this protein are exposed. The same conclusions apply to the truncated form of the protein, core streptavidin. As judged by the photo-c.i.d.n.p. results, complexing of avidin and streptavidin with biotin, N-epsilon-biotinyl-L-lysine (biocytin) or biotinyltyrosine has little or no effect on tyrosine accessibility in these proteins. Biotinyltyrosine can be used to probe the depth of the corresponding binding site. The accessibility of the tyrosine side chain of biotinyltyrosine in the complex demonstrates the exquisite fit of the biotin-binding cleft of avidin: only the biotin moiety appears to be accommodated, leaving the tyrosine side chain exposed.
Powered sit-to-stand and assistive stand-to-sit framework for a powered transfemoral prosthesis (2009)

This work extends the three level powered knee and ankle prosthesis control framework previously developed by the authors by adding sitting mode. A middle level finite state based impedance controller is designed to accommodate sitting, sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions. Moreover, a high level Gaussian Mixture Model based intent recognizer is developed to distinguish between standing and sitting modes and switch the middle level controllers accordingly. Experimental results with unilateral transfemoral amputee subject show that sitting down and standing up intent can be inferred from the prosthesis sensor signals by the intent recognizer. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the prosthesis generates net active power of 50 W during standing up and dissipates up to 50 W of power during stand-to-sit transition at the knee joint.
Transgenic Introduction of a Glycolate Oxidative Cycle into A. thaliana Chloroplasts Leads to Growth Improvement (2012)

The photorespiratory pathway helps illuminated C(3)-plants under conditions of limited CO(2) availability by effectively exporting reducing equivalents in form of glycolate out of the chloroplast and regenerating glycerate-3-P as substrate for RubisCO. On the other hand, this pathway is considered as probably futile because previously assimilated CO(2) is released in mitochondria. Consequently, a lot of effort has been made to reduce this CO(2) loss either by reducing fluxes via engineering RubisCO or circumventing mitochondrial CO(2) release by the introduction of new enzyme activities. Here we present an approach following the latter route, introducing a complete glycolate catabolic cycle in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana comprising glycolate oxidase (GO), malate synthase (MS), and catalase (CAT). Results from plants bearing both GO and MS activities have already been reported (Fahnenstich et al., 2008). This previous work showed that the H(2)O(2) produced by GO had strongly negative effects. These effects can be prevented by introducing a plastidial catalase activity, as reported here. Transgenic lines bearing all three transgenic enzyme activities were identified and some with higher CAT activity showed higher dry weight, higher photosynthetic rates, and changes in glycine/serine ratio compared to the wild type. This indicates that the fine-tuning of transgenic enzyme activities in the chloroplasts seems crucial and strongly suggests that the approach is valid and that it is possible to improve the growth of A. thaliana by introducing a synthetic glycolate oxidative cycle into chloroplasts.
Data Mining with SQL Server 2005 (2005)

About the Authors. Credits. Foreword. Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Mining. Chapter 2: OLE DB for Data Mining. Chapter 3: Using SQL Server Data Mining. Chapter 4: Microsoft Naive Bayes. Chapter 5: Microsoft Decision Trees. Chapter 6: Microsoft Time Series. Chapter 7: Microsoft Clustering. Chapter 8: Microsoft Sequence Clustering. Chapter 9: Microsoft Association Rules. Chapter 10: Microsoft Neural Network. Chapter 11: Mining OLAP Cubes. Chapter 12: Data Mining with SQL Server Integration Services. Chapter 13: SQL Server Data Mining Architecture. Chapter 14: Programming SQL Server Data Mining. Chapter 15: Implementing a Web Cross-Selling Application. Chapter 16: Advanced Forecasting Using Microsoft Excel. Chapter 17: Extending SQL Server Data Mining. Chapter 18: Conclusion and Additional Resources. Appendix A: Importing Datasets. Appendix B: Supported VBA and Excel Functions. Index.
Data level parallel processing for object recognition on Recursive Torus Architecture (2002)

The paper gives a brief overview of the hardware design of RTA/1 (with 1024 PEs), a parallel machine designed based on the Recursive Torus Architecture (T. Matsuyama et al., 1993). We developed a small scale prototype machine with 16 PEs, RTA/0, to evaluate its performance. Then, we propose a scheme of data level parallel processing on RTA/1 and demonstrate its utilities by implementing complex parallel processes for bottom up object recognition on RTA/0.
Expression and characterization of the ponA (ORF I) gene of Haemophilus influenzae: functional complementation in a heterologous system (1995)

The coding sequence of the Haemophilus influenzae ORF I gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into different Escherichia coli expression vectors. The ORF I-encoded protein was approximately 90 kDa and bound 3H-benzyl-penicillin and 125I-cephradine. This high-molecular-weight penicillin-binding protein (PBP) was also shown to possess transglycosylase activity, indicating that the ORF I product is a bifunctional PBP. The ORF I protein was capable of maintaining the viability of E. coli delta ponA ponB::spcr cells in transcomplementation experiments, establishing the functional relevance of the significant amino acid homology seen between E. coli PBP 1A and 1B and the H. influenzae ORF I product. In addition, the physiological functioning of the H. influenzae ORF I (PBP 1A) product in a heterologous species established the ability of the enzyme not only to recognize the E. coli substrate but also to interact with heterologous cell division proteins. The affinity of the ORF I product for 3H-benzylpenicillin and 125I-cephradine, the MIC of beta-lactams for E. coli delta ponA ponB::spcr expressing the ORF I gene, and the amino acid alignment of the PBP 1 family of high-molecular-weight PBPs group the ORF I protein into the PBP 1A family of high-molecular-weight PBPs.
Efficient oscillator–amplifier dye laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (1979)

A high-power high-efficiency narrowband dye laser pumped by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser has been constructed and characterized. The dye laser consists of a Hansch-type oscillator and a simple efficient amplifier. The spectral bandwidth is 0.06 cm(-1) The oscillator efficiency saturates at 16%, the amplifier efficiency at 40%, and the total system efficiency reaches 30% for a total pump energy of 6 mJ.
Design of a New Mimochrome with Unique Topology (2003)

Peptide-based metalloprotein models represent useful systems to help understand how metalloproteins can support different functions, by the use of similar metal ion cofactors. In order to shed light on the role of the protein matrix in modulating the heme properties, we developed new models: mimochromes. They are pseudo-C(2) symmetric systems, composed of two helical peptides covalently linked to the deuteroporphyrin. The use of C(2) symmetry is particularly advantageous, because it simplifies the design, synthesis and characterization. However, it leaves the problem of possible diastereomeric forms. In the cobalt complex of the first derivative, mimochrome I, Lambda and Delta isomers were indeed experimentally observed. All the insights derived from the Co(III)-mimochrome I structure were used to obtain a re-designed molecule, mimochrome IV. The spectroscopic characterization of the iron and cobalt derivatives suggested the presence of the Lambda isomer as unique species. The NMR solution structure of the diamagnetic Co(III)-mimochrome IV confirmed the ability of the molecule to adopt a unique topology, and revealed the peptide chains to be in helical conformation, as designed. The insertion of intramolecular, inter-chain interactions was successful in favoring the formation of one of the two possible diastereomers. The stereochemically stable structure of mimochrome IV provides an attractive model for modulating the redox potential of the heme, by simple changing the peptide chain composition around the heme.
Liability of Interpreting Too Many Radiographs (2000)

Liability of Interpreting Too Many RadiographsLeonard Berlin1Audio Available | Share
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO in the Presence of H<sub>2</sub> or CH<sub>4</sub> as a Reductant over MgO (2003)

MgO exhibits activity for the reduction of CO2 to CO under photoirradiation in the presence of H2 or CH4 as a reductant, although MgO is an insulating material. The present study clarified the mechanism of the CO2 photocatalytic reduction in the presence of H2 or CH4 over MgO. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra show that a CO2 molecule adsorbed on MgO was activated to a CO2- radical under photoirradiation. In addition, it was confirmed by photoluminescence that new acceptor level built up between the valence band and the conduction band of MgO on CO2-adsorbed MgO. The CO2- radical was reduced to a surface bidentate formate or a surface bidentate acetate by H2 or CH4 in the dark, respectively. The surface bidentate formate anchors on MgO as a photoactive species and reduces CO2 in the gas phase to CO since the CO2 photocatalytic reduction proceeded over MgO absorbing HCHO or CH3CHO and only 12CO was formed in the presence of 12CO2 over MgO modified by a 13C-labeled formate under irradiation. The active species was generated from the side-on adsorption-type bidentate carbonate selectively, although the two types of bidentate carbonates were detected by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. On the other hand, the role of the surface bidentate acetate is under discussion. It is the first report that the substrate-modified insulating material exhibits activity in the CO2 photocatalytic reduction.
Improving Near-Miss Event Detection Rate at Railway Level Crossings (2015)

Even though crashes between trains and road users are rare events at railway level crossings, they are one of the major safety concerns for the Australian railway industry. Nearmiss events at level crossings occur more frequently, and can provide more information about factors leading to level crossing incidents. In this paper we introduce a video analytic approach for automatically detecting and localizing vehicles from cameras mounted on trains for detecting near- miss events. To detect and localize vehicles at level crossings we extract patches from an image and classify each patch for detecting vehicles. We developed a region proposals algorithm for generating patches, and we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classifying each patch. To localize vehicles in images we combine the patches that are classified as vehicles according to their CNN scores and positions. We compared our system with the Deformable Part Models (DPM) and Regions with CNN features (R-CNN) object detectors. Experimental results on a railway dataset show that the recall rate of of our proposed system is 29% higher than what can be achieved with DPM or R-CNN detectors.
Study of the Chemoselectivity in the Aminolysis Reaction of Methyl Acrylate Catalysed by Lipase B from <i>Candida antarctica</i> (2005)

Abstract The aminolysis reaction of methyl acrylate (MA) with N , N ‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine (DMAPA) in organic solvents has been optimised using lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL‐B) as biocatalyst. A kinetic study about the influence of the reactant concentrations, organic solvent, temperature and enzyme form has been developed focused on minimising the formation of the Michael addition products. The economic efficiency of this process has been finally investigated by reusing the enzyme in the best reaction conditions, thereby observing no significant loss of activity after three reaction cycles.
Optimization of dynamic data structures in multimedia embedded systems using evolutionary computation (2007)

Embedded consumer devices are increasing their ca- pabilities and can now implement new multimedia appli- cations reserved only for powerful desktops a few years ago. These applications share complex and intensive dy- namic memory use. Thus, dynamic memory optimiza- tions are a requirement when porting these applications. Within these optimizations, the refinement of the Dynami- cally (de)allocated Data Type (or
On the interpretation of X-ray, single crystal, rotation photographs (1926)

Abstract In the development of the study of crystals by X-rays the methods used divide themselves naturally into four types : the Bragg Ionisation Spectrometer method, the Laue method, the Powder method of Debye and Scherrer, and the Rotating Crystal method of Rinne, Schiebold and Polyani. The techniques of the first three of these methods are fully explained in such books as ‘ X-Rays and Crystal Structure,’ by W. H. and W. L. Bragg, ‘ The Structure of Crystals,’ by Wyckoff, and ‘ Krystalle und Rontgenstrahlen,’ by Ewald, as well as in original papers. On the other hand, the rotation method is only slightly touched on in these works, the literature is scattered in a great number of papers, and the technique has not so far been described at any length in a convenient form. Particularly in English, references to it are scanty. In this paper the author has tried to give a concise account of the method, together with various types of charts and tables as it is used in the Davy Faraday Laboratory. The methods described differ in certain respects from those used on the Continent,* but they have been found to be rapid and sufficiently accurate.
WEB PORTALS AND THEIR ROLE IN E-GOVERNMENT (2001)

This paper examines how state governments are using web portals to enhance electronic service delivery.We report the preliminary results of a study that investigate the steps that state governments are taking to create high functioning web portals by strategically designing the functions and features of their websites.We examine the functionality of all fifty state web portals by evaluating their features and the content across four dimensions: openness, customization, usability, and transparency.Reporting the results of a content analysis of the portals, we find that the nearly every state web portal is in the early stages of development.Most web portals have few high-functioning features and mostly serve to provide information and few online services, transaction capabilities, and openness.Nine states are moving beyond this and are making development decisions that enhance the portal's ability to service citizens with many high-functioning features.These states include