gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RITC: Repeater Insertion with Timing Target Compensation (2005)

This paper investigates the problem of repeater insertion for global interconnects under given timing constraints. A novel technique is proposed to aggressively reduce the positive timing slack for maximal repeater reduction while maintaining timing closure. Our scheme is both fast and effective due to the judicious combination of accurate SPICE simulations and the simple Elmore delay model. In comparison with other repeater insertion solvers, our scheme achieves up to 41% reduction in total repeater width in comparable runtimes.
DQB1*0602 and DQA1*0102 (DQ1) Are Better Markers Than DR2 for Narcolepsy in Caucasian and Black Americans (1994)

In the present study, we tested 19 Caucasian and 28 Black American narcoleptics for the presence of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*0602 and DQA1*0102 (DQ1) genes using a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-oligotyping technique. A similar technique was also used to identify DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1503 (DR2). Results indicate that all but one Caucasian patient (previously identified) were DRB1*1501 (DR2) and DQB1*0602/DQA1*102 (DQ1) positive. In Black Americans, however, DRB1*1501 (DR2) was a poor marker for narcolepsy. Only 75% of patients were DR2 positive, most of them being DRB1*1503, but not DRB1*1501 positive. DQB1*0602 was found in all but one Black narcoleptic patient. The clinical and polygraphic results for this patient were typical, thus confirming the existence of a rare, but genuine form of DQB1*0602 negative narcolepsy. These results demonstrate that DQB1*0602/DQA1*0102 is the best marker for narcolepsy across all ethnic groups.
Alternative equations to estimate the surface-to-volume ratio of different forest fuel particles (2011)

Surface-to-volume ratio is an important fuel descriptor. Surface-to-volume ratio quantification methods currently used are specific and their accuracy varies with fuel types. In this work, we developed a geometric surface-to-volume ratio estimation method based on the perimeter-to-area ratio concept. Dimensions of leaves, twigs and needles of Moroccan tree and shrub species were measured. Our findings are: (i) the thickness of a leaf is variable along its width and length, and its average cross-section is located at its mid-length; (ii) a formula to calculate the ellipse perimeter was established using an elongation coefficient e, determined on the basis of the cross-section thickness and width; and (iii) one general surface-to-volume ratio formula was developed, from which five other equations were derived, according to the specific characteristics of each fuel type, for twigs, leaves, needles with semi-elliptical cross-section, needles with crescent cross-section shape, and needles with cross-section representing half or a sector of a circle respectively. Surface-to-volume ratio values obtained with the developed equations were compared with the currently published data.
Some “Temperature–Young's Modulus” Relationships for Plastics (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome "Temperature–Young's Modulus" Relationships for PlasticsH. W. Moll and W. J. LeFevreCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 11, 2172–2179Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50467a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50467a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
NMR and Macromolecules (1984)

High resolution nmr spectroscopy (1H, 13C, and 19F) of polymers in solution has been employed during the last twenty-five years for the elucidation of the microstructure of their chains. Examples of such studies carried out at Bell Laboratories are reviewed, including the measurement of stereochemical configuration and regioregularity (head-to-tail vs. head-to-head: tail-to-tail isomerism). The use of 13C nmr of epoxidized trans-1,4-polybutadiene crystals to establish the morphology of single crystals is described. Nmr is also a powerful means for the observation of chain dynamics; the use of deuterium quadrupolar echo spectroscopy for this purpose is illustrated. Finally, a large and exciting field of polymer nmr studies is that of the structure and dynamics of biomolecules, exemplified by proton nmr investigations of nucleic acid structure and function.
Quantum Measurement (1992)

This book is an up-to-date introduction to the quantum theory of measurement, a fast developing field of intense current interest to scientists and engineers for its potential high technology applications. It is also a subject of importance to students for its central role in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Although the main principles of the field were elaborated in the 1930s by Bohr, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, von Neumann and Mandelstam, it was not until the 1980s that technology became sufficiently advanced to allow its application in real experiments. Quantum measurement is now central to many ultra-high technology developments, such as squeezed light, single atom traps, and searches for gravitational radiation. It is also considered to have great promise for computer science and engineering, particularly for its applications in information processing and transfer. The book contains a pedagogical introduction to the relevant theory written at a level accessible to those with only a modest background in quantum mechanics. It then goes on to discuss aspects of the design of practical quantum measurement systems. This book is essential reading for all scientists and engineers interested in the potential applications of technology near the quantum limit. It will also serve as an ideal supplement to standard quantum mechanics textbooks at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level.
A Closed‐Loop Stimulation System Supplemented with Motoneurone Dynamic Sensitivity Replicates Natural Eye Blinks (2011)

By adding the dynamic pulse, the authors were able to tailor a bionic eye blink, which was hardly distinguishable from the subject's natural one.
New Tris(<i>tert</i>-butoxy)siloxy Complexes of Aluminum and Their Transformation to Homogeneous Aluminosilicate Materials via Low-Temperature Thermolytic Pathways (2002)

The new tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complexes of aluminum, Al[OSi(OtBu)3]3(THF) (1), Al[OSi(OtBu)3]3(HOiPr)·0.5[Al(OiPr)3]4 (2), and [(iPrO)2AlOSi(OtBu)3]2 (3), were synthesized. Compounds 2 and 3 were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Thermolysis of a toluene-d8 solution containing 1 and 0.5 equiv of [Al(OiPr)3]4 resulted in the formation of 3 and free THF (by 1H NMR spectroscopy). The low-temperature decompositions of 1, 2, and 3 allowed for their use as single-source precursors to high surface area aluminosilicate xerogels via solution (toluene) thermolyses. The DSC traces of the xerogels derived from the 1:1 Al/Si precursors (2 and 3) exhibited sharp exothermic transitions at ≈1000 °C, attributed to the crystallization of mullite, with that for the xerogel from 3 having a larger associated heat flow. The DSC trace of the xerogel derived from 1 exhibited a weak exothermic transition at a slightly higher temperature. Although these xerogels have similar 27Al MAS NMR spectra, their microstructures appear to be quite different, as indicated by the substantially more efficient transformation to mullite (by PXRD) of the xerogel from 2. All of the xerogels are homogeneous; however, the microstructure of the xerogel from 2 appears to more closely resemble that of mullite, given the enhanced formation of mullite (by PXRD) and the reduced free energy difference associated with mullite formation (by DSC). Acidity measurements characterized the Lewis/Brønsted site ratios as 1.2, 1.6, and 1.0 for the xerogels from 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
A method for fitting regression splines with varying polynomial order in the linear mixed model (2005)

The linear mixed model has become a widely used tool for longitudinal analysis of continuous variables. The use of regression splines in these models offers the analyst additional flexibility in the formulation of descriptive analyses, exploratory analyses and hypothesis-driven confirmatory analyses. We propose a method for fitting piecewise polynomial regression splines with varying polynomial order in the fixed effects and/or random effects of the linear mixed model. The polynomial segments are explicitly constrained by side conditions for continuity and some smoothness at the points where they join. By using a reparameterization of this explicitly constrained linear mixed model, an implicitly constrained linear mixed model is constructed that simplifies implementation of fixed-knot regression splines. The proposed approach is relatively simple, handles splines in one variable or multiple variables, and can be easily programmed using existing commercial software such as SAS or S-plus. The method is illustrated using two examples: an analysis of longitudinal viral load data from a study of subjects with acute HIV-1 infection and an analysis of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profiles.
Isolation and Properties of Spiramycin I 3–Hydroxyl (1979)

An enzyme preparation able to acylate the hydroxyl group at C-3 of the lactone ring of spiramycin was obtained from the spiramycin-producing strain, Streptomyces ambofaciens ISP-5053. The enzyme was purified about 33-fold from the crude extract by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose batchwise elution and DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 8.5. The enzyme was activated by Ca2++, Mg2+, and Mn2+ in this order, but was inhibited by various SH reagents. Spiramycin I was the best substrate for the enzyme. The enzyme showed no preference between acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA.
Oxygen chemisorption compressor study for cryogenic J-T refrigeration (1987)

Over twenty potentially reversible heat-powered oxide reactions have been studied and/or tested to determine their potential use as thermochemical oxygen compressors for cryogenic J-T LO2 refrigerators. One gas-solid compound family, Pr(1-n)Ce(n)O(x), proved to be completely reversible with fast kinetics for all pressure ranges tested below 650 C. With a heat-powered charcoal/methane physical adsorption upper stage and a Pr(1-n)Ce(n)O(x) chemisorption lower stage, temperatures should be attainable in the 55-80 K range for less power and over five times less weight than for charcoal/nitrogen sorption refrigeration systems. Total system power requirements with a hydride chemisorption lower stage (10 K to 7 K minimum) are about three times less than any mechanical refrigerator, and spacecraft refrigeration weights are about twenty times less. Due to the lack of wear-related moving parts in sorption refrigerators, life expectancy is at least ten years, and there essentially no vibration.
A role for osteocalcin in osteoclast differentiation (1991)

Specific cellular interactions with components of the extracellular matrix can influence cellular differentiation and development of many tissues. The extracellular matrix of bone is composed of organic constituents and a solid phase of calcium and inorganic phosphate (apatite). When implanted subcutaneously in rats, particles of bone matrix (BPs) recruit progenitors that differentiate into multinucleated cells with osteoclastic features. Because BPs deficient in osteocalcin, a bone matrix protein, were less efficient at promoting osteoclast formation than were normal BPs, we directly examined the influence of osteocalcin on osteoclast differentiation. We evaluated tissue responses to particles of synthetic crystalline apatite alone (Ap), having many of the features of native apatite of mature bone, or to apatite prepared with osteocalcin (Ap/OC), bovine serum albumin (Ap/BSA) or rat bone collagen (Ap/Col). Twelve days after subcutaneous implantation in normal rats, Ap, Ap/BSA, and Ap/Col particles generated a mild foreign body reaction with multinucleated cells in direct contact with the particles; these cells were negative for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and lacked ruffled borders. In contrast, Ap particles containing approximately 0.1% osteocalcin were partially resorbed and they generated more multinucleated cells that were TRAP-positive, were immunoreactive with an antibody against tartrate-resistant purple acid phosphatase, and displayed ultrastructural features of active osteoclasts including ruffled borders and clear zones. These data support the hypothesis that osteocalcin may function as a matrix signal in the recruitment and differentiation of bone-resorbing cells.
A self-masking film illuminator (1974)

Most illuminators are designed for viewing and comparing 355 × 431 mm (14 × 17 in.) films. If smaller films are used, there is usually no provision for masking the bright light that escapes round the films and impairs the radiologist's visual perception. This problem is accentuated because the films can usually only be retained by clips along the upper edge of the viewing screen. One is therefore obliged to use an uneconomically large number of illuminators to compare a series of films, with a corresponingly large area of brightly lit uncovered viewing screen. The glare is usually reduced by switching off the panels of screen which are not being used, but frequent switching on and off causes deterioration of the fluorescent lamps, which leads to uneven illumination. This criticism of illuminators can be summarized thus: (1) there is usually no provision for masking unwanted light (2) a number of small films cannot be closely grouped. Several early illuminators were equipped with spring-loaded masking curtains that could be manually pulled in from the top or bottom and sides, e.g. the Keleket Revolving Plate Illuminator (Grigg, 1965). However, with this system only one film can be viewed on each section of the screen, and a manual adjustment must be made for every film examined. What is needed is automatic masking.
A 1125-Scanning-Line Laser Color-TV Display [I] (1975)

レーザー光源, 光変調系, 光偏向系についての基礎的設計手法が述べられており, それに基づいて, 3原色レーザーの各所要出力, 映像系の階調補正, 色再現補正マトリックス, レーザービームのアパーチャーアドミッタンス (通称アパーチャーレスポンス), 回転多面鏡の稜によるビームのケラレ, 多面鏡の所要直径, 回転強度などが計算されている.回転多面鏡の鏡面のタオレによって生じる走査線聞隔の不均一性は2個の円筒レンズにより除去される.波長647.1nmのガウスビームを面数25の多面鏡で水平走査する場合, ケラレによるシェーディングを10%許すとき, 解像度1,200TV本 (レスポンス29.1%) を得るに必要な多面鏡の直径は40mmとなる.
On the biosynthetic origins of the hydrogen atoms in the macrotetrolide antibiotics: and their mode of assembly catalysed by a nonactin polyketide synthase (1989)

The biosynthetic origins of the hydrogen atoms in the macrotetrolide antibiotic nonactin have been studied by following the incorporations of deuterium and carbon-13 enriched acetate, propionate, and succinate into the antibiotic, using whole cell cultures of Streptomyces griseus. Based on these and other data two plausible mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of (+)- and (–)-nonactic acids from these precursors, catalysed by a putative nonactin polyketide synthase multienzyme complex.
Punktionskomplikationen zentralvenöser Katheter aus anatomischer Sicht (1990)

For access to the central venous system numerous percutaneous methods and approaches exist. Questions are often raised concerning which approach is the safest. In 18 human cadavers, we punctured the internal jugular vein via an anterior and posterior approach and the subclavian vein via an infraclavicular route to determine which of these approaches is better with respect to success rate and frequency of puncture complications. The position of the needles was assessed by dissection. Successful venipunctures were achieved in 81% by the posterior approach, as opposed to 58% by the anterior approach and the infraclavicular route. The lowest frequency of complications was attained by the posterior approach (17%) too, whereas the anterior approach (33%) and the subclavian route (25%) had higher complication rates. The main complication of posterior and anterior approaches was inadvertent arterial puncture (9 vs. 19%). At the subclavian approach puncture of a 'wrong' vein was frequent (14%), and the complications included a case of pleura lesion. In conclusion the posterior approach to the internal jugular vein is superior to the other investigated approaches, and therefore, it can reasonably be proposed as a usual route for the insertion of a central venous catheter.
CFAR detection for multiple target situations (1989)

In the paper, three detectors are proposed and studied in the presence of interfering targets in the reference cells. In the weighted cell-averaging constant false-alarm rate (WCA-CFAR) detector the means generated by the leading and the lagging range cells are weighted in accordance with the level of the interference. Optimum weights that maintain CFAR are obtained while the probability of detection is maximised. The censored mean level detector (CMLD) is considered next, this requires exact knowledge of the number of interfering targets. The detection performance of the CMLD is studied for Swerling IV targets and compared to that with Swerling II targets. Then, the generalised censored mean-level detector (GCMLD) is proposed. The GCMLD does not require a priori knowledge of the number of interfering targets and achieves robust performance. The number of interfering targets is determined and their corresponding samples are then censored. Exact expressions for the probability of censoring the interfering targets and the overall probability of detection are derived. A comparison of the performance of the GCMLD with that of a recently proposed CFAR detector is also presented to demonstrate the robustness of the GCMLD.
Truth (Poem) (1983)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Barney Bush; Truth (Poem). American Indian Culture and Research Journal 1 January 1983; 07 (4): 85–86. doi: https://doi.org/10.17953/aicr.07.4.j27726k58t11w473 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest Search
MOSFET gate leakage modeling and selection guide for alternative gate dielectrics based on leakage considerations (2003)

In this paper, we explore the scaling limits of alternative gate dielectrics based on their direct-tunneling characteristics and gate-leakage requirements for future CMOS technology generations. Important material parameters such as the tunneling effective mass are extracted from the direct-tunneling characteristics of several promising high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectrics for the first time. We also introduce a figure-of-merit for comparing the relative advantages of various gate dielectrics based on the gate-leakage current. Using an accurate direct-tunneling gate-current model and specifications from the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), we provide guidelines for the selection of gate dielectrics to satisfy the projected off-state leakage current requirements of future high-performance and low-power technologies.
Determination of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides by Reaction with Morpholine (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides by Reaction with MorpholineJ. B. Johnson and G. L. FunkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 9, 1464–1465Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60105a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60105a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ability of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph to Detect Early Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss (1995)

Three significant shape parameters of the optic disc can be used to detect early glaucomatous visual field loss.
Interactions between Planktonic Microalgae and Protozoan Grazers<sup>1</sup> (2004)

ABSTRACT. For an algal bloom to develop, the growth rate of the bloom‐forming species must exceed the sum of all loss processes. Among these loss processes, grazing is generally believed to be one of the more important factors. Based on numerous field studies, it is now recognized that microzooplankton are dominant consumers of phytoplankton in both open ocean and coastal waters. Heterotrophic protists, a major component of microzooplankton communities, constitute a vast complex of diverse feeding strategies and behavior which allow them access to even the larger phytoplankton species. A number of laboratory studies have shown the capability of different protistan species to feed and grow on bloom‐forming algal species. Because of short generation times, their ability for fast reaction to short‐term variation in food conditions enables phagotrophic protists to fulfill the function of a heterotrophic buffer, which might balance the flow of matter in case of phytoplankton blooms. The importance of grazing as a control of microalgae becomes most apparent by its failure; if community grazing controls initial stages of bloom development, there simply is no bloom. However, if a certain algal species is difficult to graze, e.g. due to specific defense mechanisms, reduced grazing pressure will certainly favor bloom development. The present contribution will provide a general overview on the interactions between planktonic microalgae and protozoan grazers with special emphasis on species‐specific interactions and algal defense strategies against protozoan grazers.