gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demineralization of Sugar Cane Juice (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDemineralization of Sugar Cane JuiceA. B. MindlerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 7, 1211–1215Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50463a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50463a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Efficient <i>In Vitro</i> Cleavage of Mouse Acute Phase Serum Amyloid A mRNA Mediated by a Synthetic Hammerhead Ribozyme (1997)

The authors designed a hammerhead ribozyme, mRibSAA2, to cleave the mRNA for mouse acute phase serum amyloid A 2 (A-SAA2), a major acute phase protein that is massively induced during inflammation and that is deposited as fibrils during secondary amyloidosis. Using computer based secondary structure analysis, a GUC triplet (nucleotides 408-410) on a predicted stem loop in A-SAA2 mRNA was chosen as the target site for mRibSAA2. The ribozyme was tested in vitro and gave efficient and specific magnesium-dependent cleavage of mouse A-SAA2 mRNA into the expected fragments of 197 and 425 bases. The authors also demonstrated that the ribozyme retains cleavage activity over several hours. The use of the mRibSAA2 ribozyme as a research tool and possible therapeutic agent in mouse models of amyloidosis is discussed.
Hybrid Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CF<sub>x</sub>as a High Capacity and Energy Cathode for Primary Batteries (2017)

In this report, we describe the electrochemistry of hybrid dual silver vanadium phosphorus oxide/carbon fluoride (Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CF<sub>x</sub>) cathodes with various weight ratios. Through modification of the Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CF<sub>x</sub> ratio, we can control the gravimetric and volumetric capacity, as well as mitigate the voltage drop during high current pulses. The increase in impedance caused by irreversible LiF formation in CFx was reduced by the silver reduction-displacement during electrochemical discharge of the Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. Moreover, the addition of graphite was shown to reduce initial voltage delay. When Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> dominates the electrode mass (i.e. 75/25 Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CF<sub>x</sub>) in the hybrid cathode, pulse testing shows less voltage drop and delay, but at the expense of capacity and energy density. As the amount of CFx in the composite increases (i.e. Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CF<sub>x</sub> ratio of to 50/50 or 25/75), charge capacity and energy density increases, but at the expense of larger voltage drops and delays early in the discharge process. Thus, controlling the Ag<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CF<sub>x</sub> ratio can be used to tune the electrochemical properties of the dual cathode, allowing for optimization of capacity and power depending on the application.
Alienation and engagement: exploring students’ experiences of studying engineering (2007)

This article reports on an investigation of students’ experiences of learning, using a framework that focuses on the concepts of alienation and engagement. Thirty-six third year chemical engineering students were interviewed about their learning experiences. Alienation is defined here as the absence of a relationship that students might desire or expect to experience. Using this focus, six possible ‘relationships’ were identified: to one's studies; to the broader university life; to home; to the career; to one's classmates; and to the lecturer. In each category a range of both alienated and engaged experiences were identified. With regard to the latter two categories, important de-alienating strategies were noted, and in particular the role that lecturers can play in facilitating these strategies.
Production and Operations Analysis (1992)

Chapter 1 Strategy and Competition Chapter 2 Forecasting Chapter 3 Aggregate Planning Supplement 1 Linear Programming Chapter 4 Inventory Control Subject to Known Demand Chapter 5 Inventory Control Subject to Uncertain Demand Chapter 6 Supply Chain Management Chapter 7 Push and Pull Production Control Systems: MRP and JIT Chapter 8 Operations Scheduling Supplement 2 Queuing Theory Chapter 9 Project Scheduling Chapter 10 Facilities Layout and Location Chapter 11 Quality and Assurance Chapter 12 Reliability and Maintainability Appendix Tables Index
Interactions of melanin with metal ions. Electron spin resonance evidence for chelate complexes of metal ions with free radicals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions of melanin with metal ions. Electron spin resonance evidence for chelate complexes of metal ions with free radicalsC. C. Felix, J. S. Hyde, T. Sarna, and R. C. SealyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 12, 3922–3926Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00480a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00480a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1253Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RF Power Performance of Sc(Al,Ga)N/GaN HEMTs at Ka-Band (2020)

We report the RF power results of Sc(Al,Ga)N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). We show dc, small-signal RF and load-pull performance at 30 GHz with two barrier alloys-a ternary of ScAlN and a quaternary of ScAlGaN. The active layers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaN-on-SiC template. The Sc(Al,Ga)N HEMTs with 120 nm gate length achieve transconductance >700 mS/mm and >70 GHz cutoff frequency. The quaternary ScAlGaN sample shows reduced current collapse during pulsed I-V and load-pull characterization. The ScAlGaN HEMT delivers 5.77 W/mm output power (VD = 20 V) and 47% power-added efficiency (VD = 15 V) when tuned for maximum power and efficiency, respectively.
Potent <i>s-cis</i>-Locked Bithiazole Correctors of ΔF508 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Cellular Processing for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy (2008)

N-(5-(2-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)pivalamide 1 (compound 15Jf) was found previously to correct defective cellular processing of the cystic fibrosis protein DeltaF508-CFTR. Eight C4'-C5 C,C-bond-controlling bithiazole analogues of 1 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to establish that constraining rotation about the bithiazole-tethering has a significant effect on corrector activity. For example, constraining the C4'-C5 bithiazole tether in the s-cis conformation [N-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenylamino)-7,8-dihydro-6 H-cyclohepta[1,2- d:3,4- d']bithiazole-2'-yl)pivalamide, 29] results in improved corrector activity. Heteroatom placement in the bithaizole core is also critical as evidenced by the decisive loss of corrector activity with s-cis constrained N-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4 H-cyclohepta[1,2- d:3,4- d']bithiazole-2'-yl)pivalamide 33. In addition, computational models were utilized to examine the conformational preferences for select model systems. Following our analysis, the " s-cis-locked" cycloheptathiazolothiazole 29 was found to be the most potent bithiazole corrector, with an IC50 of approximately 450 nM.
Resiniferatoxin‐type phorboid vanilloids display capsaicin‐like selectivity at native vanilloid receptors on rat DRG neurons and at the cloned vanilloid receptor VR1 (1999)

Although the cloned rat vanilloid receptor VR1 appears to account for both receptor binding and calcium uptake, the identification of vanilloids selective for one or the other response is of importance because these ligands may induce distinct patterns of biological activities. Phorbol 12,13‐didecanoate 20‐homovanillate (PDDHV) evoked 45 Ca 2+ ‐uptake by rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (expressing native vanilloid receptors) in culture with an EC 50 of 70 n M but inhibited [ 3 H]‐resiniferatoxin (RTX) binding to rat dorsal root ganglion membranes with a much lower potency (K i >10,000 n M ). This difference in potencies represents a more than 100 fold selectivity for capsaicin‐type pharmacology. 45 Ca 2+ influx by PDDHV was fully inhibited by the competitive vanilloid receptor antagonist capsazepine, consistent with the calcium uptake occurring via vanilloid receptors. PDDHV induced calcium mobilization in CHO cells transfected with the cloned rat vanilloid receptor VR1 with an EC 50 of 125 n M and inhibited [ 3 H]‐RTX binding to these cells with an estimated K i of 10,000 n M . By contrast, PDDHV failed to evoke a measurable calcium response in non‐transfected CHO cells, confirming its action through VR1. We conclude that PDDHV is two orders of magnitude more potent for inducing calcium uptake than for inhibiting RTX binding at vanilloid receptors, making this novel vanilloid a ligand selective for capsaicin‐type pharmacology. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring multiple endpoints for evaluation of vanilloid receptor structure‐activity relations. Furthermore, PDDHV now provides a tool to explore the biological correlates of capsaicin‐type vanilloid pharmacology. British Journal of Pharmacology (1999) 128 , 428–434; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702810
On-demand multipath routing protocol with preferential path selection probabilities for MANET (2006)

We developed an ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector protocol with path preferential selection probabilities (AODVM-PPSP) for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). This protocol introduces a new method, in which each node deliberately selects one of the multipath routes to utilize. It adapts preference for the route with the least transmission delay time and node throughput. We examined our protocol under various network loads. We evaluated our protocol with Omnet simulator and the performance is compared with the conventional methods. We found that the multiple routes were efficiently selected and there by resulted in higher packet delivery ratio and lower routing packets. The simulation results show that our proposed protocol has the significant improvement over others.
The relation of preventive dental behaviors to periodontal health status (1994)

Current recommendations for periodontal health maintenance emphasize toothbrushing, flossing and periodic dental checkups. The purposes of this study were to examine (1) the effects of these practices on periodontal health and (2) the relationships of demographic and socioeconomic variables with these behaviors and with periodontal health. Adults (n = 319) in the Detroit, Michigan tri-county area were asked how frequently they performed the 3 preventive behaviors. Levels of plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and periodontal attachment were then assessed during in-home dental examinations. There were no statistically significant differences in these health measures between those with acceptable and unacceptable brushing behavior. About 20% of the subjects reported acceptable flossing behavior, and these individuals had significantly less plaque and calculus than other participants. Over 3/4 of subjects reported having a dental checkup at least 1 x a year, and these persons were found to have significantly less plaque, gingivitis, and calculus compared to less frequent attenders. Acceptable brushing behavior was not associated with any particular demographic or socio-economic characteristic, while differences in acceptable flossing behavior were found among age groups. Frequencies of yearly dental checkups varied significantly within every demographic and socioeconomic characteristic.
OverQos: an overlay based architecture for enhancing internet Qos (2004)

This paper describes the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of OverQoS, an overlay-based architecture for enhancing the best-effort service of today&apos;s Internet. Using a Controlled loss virtual link (CLVL) abstraction to bound the loss rate observed by a traffic aggregate, OverQoS can provide a variety of services including: (a) smoothing packet losses; (b) prioritizing packets within an aggregate; (c) statistical loss and bandwidth guarantees.
A Technique for Selecting and Concentrating the Motile Sperm from Semen in Oligozoospermia (1979)

Using an albumen-filled column, it was possible to separate highly motile sperm from autoagglutinated, dead and immotile sperm, as well as from other seminal debris. Motility was increased from a mean of 45.4 to 74.3% (P less than 0.001), although the sperm density fell from a mean of 28.2 million per ml to 9.7 million per ml (P less than 0.001). When these selected highly concentional AlH had been repeatedly tried without success, 3 pregnancies were achieved in 18 women (16.7%).
Thiogalactoside transacetylase of the lactose operon as an enzyme for detoxification (1976)

Thigalactoside transacetylase, the lacA gene product, confers selective advantage to cells of Escherichia coli K-12 growing on beta-galactosides in the presence of non-metabolizable analogues.
Realizing value from business analytics platforms: The effects of managerial search and agility of resource allocation processes (2016)

Few organizations have been able to realize value from their investments in business analytics. This could be due to an inadequate understanding of the pattern of investments required to realize value from business analytics. Specifically, we propose that business analytics requires an upfront investment of infrastructure capital to build a mature platform, followed by multiple investments of innovation capital to create value through competitive actions informed by analytics-enabled insights. Drawing on dynamic capabilities and digital options literatures, we develop a model in which the effect of investments in maturity of the business analytics platform on organizational value is moderated by the agility of the process allocating resources for innovation, and by the efforts expended by line managers to search and select the insights. The model is tested on data collected from a survey of line managers. The findings support the proposed model. Implications and plans for future research are discussed.
Top-down induction of logical decision trees (1997)

A first order framework for top-down induction of logical decision trees is introduced. Logical decision trees are more expressive than the flat logic programs typically induced by empirical inductive logic programming systems because logical decision trees introduce invented predicates and mix existential and universal quantification of variables. An implementation of the framework, the Tilde system, is presented and empirically evaluated. 1 Introduction Top-down induction of decision trees (TDIDT) [Qui86] is the best known and most succesful machine learning technique. It has been used to solve numerous practical problems. It employs a divide-and-conquer strategy, and in this it differs from its rulebased competitors (e.g. AQ [MMHL86]), which are based on covering strategies (cf. [Bos95]). Within attribute-value learning (or propositional concept-learning) TDIDT is more popular than the covering approach. Yet, within first order approaches to concept-learning, only a few learning sy...
Pre-processing Algorithms on Digital Mammograms (2007)

Mammography is the best method for early mass detection. In order to limit the search for abnormalities by Computer Aided Diagnosis systems to the region of the breast without undue influence from the background of the mammogram, extraction of the breast contour and pectoral muscle is necessary. Breast contour helps to find the position of the nipple, which its position is important for mass detection in the next stages and presence of pectoral muscle in the mammogram could bias the detection procedures. So during analysis, the pectoral muscle should preferably be excluded from processing. In this paper we propose one low-pass mask for detecting breast contour and a new method for the identification of the pectoral muscle in most medio-lateral oblique mammograms based on Non-Linear Diffusion algorithm which is an edge preserving smoother. Evaluation of the breast contour and pectoral muscle detected in the mammograms were performed by the Hausdorff Distance Measure (HDM) and also the Mean of Absolute Error Distance Measure (MAEDM) based on a distance transform and image algebra between the edges identified by radiologists and by the proposed methods. Then we compare our results by other segmentation methods. Our proposed algorithms show superior results in comparison. 1
Using Zernike moments for the illumination and geometry invariant classification of multispectral texture (1998)

We develop a method for recognizing color texture independent of rotation, scale, and illumination. Color texture is modeled using spatial correlation functions defined within and between sensor bands. Using a linear model for surface spectral reflectance with the same number of parameters as the number of sensor classes, we show that illumination and geometry changes in the scene correspond to a linear transformation of the correlation functions and a linear transformation of their coordinates. A several step algorithm that includes scale estimation and correlation moment computation is used to achieve the invariance. The key to the method is the new result that illumination, rotation, and scale changes in the scene correspond to a specific transformation of correlation function Zernike moment matrices. These matrices can be estimated from a color image. This relationship is used to derive an efficient algorithm for recognition. The algorithm is substantiated using classification results on over 200 images of color textures obtained under various illumination conditions and geometric configurations.
Controlled-Growth Free-Radical Polymerization of Methacrylate Esters: Reversible Chain Transfer versus Reversible Termination (1998)

Several processes for controlled growth free radical polymerization are contrasted with respect to reaction mechanism and their particular advantages and limitations. Kinetic simulation is used to examine relationships between reaction conditions, the significance of various side reactions, and the evolution of molecular the weight distribution. Expressions used to calculate molecular weights and polydispersities for the various mechanisms are reported Alkoxyamine-initiated polymerizations of methacrylate esters give only low conversions (10-40%, dependent on particular nitroxide and reaction conditions). Polymerization ceases due to a build up in the nitroxide concentration and the initially formed alkoxyamine is ultimately converted to an unsaturated macromonomer. The conversion, molecular weight and polydispersity are determined by the rate and equilibrium constants and combination:disproportionation ratio associated with the nitroxide - propagating radical reaction. Polymerization of methacrylate monomers in the presence of methacrylate macromonomers provides a viable method for controlled growth polymerization to high conversions. However, narrow polydispersities are difficult to achieve by solution polymerization due to a slow rate of exchange between dormant and active propagating species.
Synthesis of Diblock copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate -block-poly-3-hydroxyhexanoate [PHB-b-PHHx] by a β-oxidation weakened Pseudomonas putida KT2442 (2012)

It is possible to produce PHA block copolymers of various kinds using the recombinant Pseudomonas putida KT2442 with its β-oxidation cycle deleted to its maximum. In comparison to a random copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate (P(HB-co-HHx)) and a blend sample of PHB and PHHx, the PHB-b-PHHx showed improved structural related mechanical properties.
A Proposed Pore-Scale Mechanism for How Low Salinity Waterflooding Works (2010)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a detailed, semi-quantitative, theory of how the low salinity waterflooding effect works based upon pore-scale theoretical considerations. This theory follows on from detailed core flooding work performed in our laboratories demonstrating the importance of multicomponent ion exchange (MIE) as the underlying mechanism of low salinity waterflooding (Lager et al, 2006). Whilst this earlier work highlighted the importance of MIE, it did not explain the precise consequences of the theory in terms of quantifying the incremental oil recovery nor the precise impact on pore-scale physics. For example, with MIE occurring, the changes in the divalent cation concentrations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) leads to the development of a "self freshening" zone within the waterflooded region within which certain changes in the surface chemistry of the pore walls may occur. Such effects include expansion of the electrical double layers, changes in the adsorption of polar organic species, and resulting changes in wetting. The theory presented here attempts to show the consequences of these changes which are supported by some plausible pore-scale model calculations. These calculations i) indicate the pore-scale origins of the low salinity oil recovery mechanism, ii) show the magnitude of the effect semi-quantitatively, and iii) allow some clear predictions to be made which can be tested experimentally. This work also follows Lager et al (2006) in further explaining why both crude oil and clay-bearing reservoir rock are required for the low salinity effect to occur, and why the effect is not seen in strongly water-wet, clay-free porous media with mineral oils. Thus, this proposed pore-scale physical model of the low salinity waterflooding effect both complements and extends previous mechanistic explanations based upon multicomponent ion exchange (MIE). Although this proposed mechanism is consistent with all the available observations, further experimental studies are required to definitively confirm it.