gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflective-memory multiprocessor (2002)

Reflective memory may be thought of as hardware-supported replication of data on multiple computers. This simple mechanism has been extended further, in software, to support memory semantics required by multiprocessors. The paper describes the reflective memory implementation of the Encore Infinity-a distributed shared memory multiprocessor. A brief overview the system is provided and comparisons are made with other cached architectures. Spinlocks are employed in this system to manage the herculean cache coherency problems which are a natural result of any system which employs massive replication. A brief introduction to the recovery procedure used to return crashed nodes to normal operation is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacterial infections and atherosclerosis. (1998)

On a variety of fronts, chronic bacterial infection is being found to be significantly associated with the development of atherosclerosis and the clinical complications of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Although for the most part, these are still just associations, and specific causative relationships on the par with that determined for Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease have not been determined. Further studies may well lead to a similar conclusion about these potential mechanisms whereby chronic infections may play a role in atherosclerosis on myocardial infarction. As in the case of Chlamydia pneumoniae, the affect may result from direct vessel wall colonization and infection. This local infection may either react directly on the vessel wall or indirectly through its initiation of a number of immunologic responses. In other cases, the influence of chronic infection on the progression of atherosclerosis may be related to an indirect affect of enhancing the chronic inflammatory response of the body. Even though the infectious agent may not directly infect the vessel wall it may have a critical affect acting from afar. There is a potential that chronic bacterial infection may aggravate pre-existing plaque by enhancing T cell activation as well as other inflammatory responses that may participate in the destabilization of the intimal cap resulting in plaque rupture, progression to acute ischemic syndromes, and ultimate enlargement of the atherosclerotic plaque. Consequently, chronic bacterial infection may play a role in the initiation, the progression, or the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Further studies that are presently ongoing and planned for the near future are expected to not only further elucidate the pathophysiology related with the association between chronic bacterial infection and atherosclerosis but also evaluate whether antibiotic treatment may result in clinical benefit to the patient.
Electrografted Aryl Diazonium Initiators for Surface-Confined Photopolymerization: A New Approach to Designing Functional Polymer Coatings (2010)

This article reports on the preparation of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) ultrathin grafts on gold substrates modified by 4-benzoylphenyl (BP) moieties derived from the electroreduction of the parent diazonium salt BF(4)(-), (+)N(2)-C(6)H(4)-CO-C(6)H(5) (DS). The grafted organic species -C(6)H(4)-CO-C(6)H(5) was found to be very effective in the surface-initiating photopolymerization (SIPP) of vinylic monomers in the presence of an aromatic tertiary amine co-initiator acting as a hydrogen donor. This novel tandem diazonium salt electroreduction/SIPP was found to be effective in grafting PS, PMMA, and PHEMA from the surface of gold-coated silicon wafers. The polymer films were characterized in terms of chemical structure and wettability by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, respectively. The polymer grafts were further evaluated as adsorbents for bovine serum albumin (BSA) used as a model protein. It was found gold/PHEMA resisted BSA adsorption because of its hydrophilic character, whereas PS and PMMA grafts adsorbed BSA via interfacial hydrophobic interaction. The XPS-determined extent of adsorbed BSA was found to increase linearly with the hydrophobic character of the polymer grafts as measured by water contact angles. This work shows that this novel tandem diazonium salt electroreduction/SIPP is a facile, ultrafast, efficient protocol for grafting polymer chains to surfaces. It broadens the enormous possibilities offered by aryl diazonium salts to generate functional organic coatings.
Genomic Differences Between Pure Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> of the Breast and that Associated with Invasive Disease: a Calibrated aCGH Study (2008)

Our findings suggest that DCIS and IDC are associated with specific genomic events. DCIS associated with IDC is genomically similar to the invasive component and therefore may represent either a clone with high invasive potential or invasive cancer spreading through the ducts. Specifically, gain on 17q22-24.2 is a candidate region for further testing as a predictor of invasion when detected in DCIS and predictor of nodal metastasis when detected in DCIS or IDC.
Fibrinogen concentration and use of fibrinogen supplementation with cryoprecipitate in patients with critical bleeding receiving massive transfusion: a bi‐national cohort study (2017)

We aimed to compare hypofibrinogenaemia prevalence in major bleeding patients across all clinical contexts, fibrinogen supplementation practice, and explore the relationship between fibrinogen concentrations and mortality. This cohort study included all adult patients from 20 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand who received massive transfusion between April 2011 and October 2015. Of 3566 patients, 2829 (79%) had fibrinogen concentration recorded, with a median first and lowest concentration of 2·0 g/l (interquartile range [IQR] 1·5-2·7) and 1·8 g/l (IQR 1·3-2·4), respectively. Liver transplant (1·7 g/l, IQR 1·2-2·1), trauma (1·8, IQR 1·3-2·5) and vascular surgery (1·9 g/l, IQR 1·4-2·5) had lower concentrations. Total median fibrinogen dose administered from all products was 7·3 g (IQR 3·3-13·0). Overall, 1732 (61%) received cryoprecipitate and 9 (<1%) fibrinogen concentrate. Time to cryoprecipitate issue in those with initial fibrinogen concentration <1 g/l was 2·5 h (IQR 1·2-4·3 h). After adjustment, initial fibrinogen concentration had a U-shaped association with in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratios: fibrinogen <1 g/l, 2·31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·48-3·60); 1-1·9 g/l, 1·29 (95% CI 0·99-1·67) and >4 g/l, 2·03 (95% CI 1·35-3·04), 2-4 g/l reference category]. The findings indicate areas for practice improvement including timely administration of cryoprecipitate, which is the most common source of concentrated fibrinogen in Australia and New Zealand.
A PARTITIONING ALGORITHM FOR COMPOSITE GRIDS (1993)

A partitioning algorithm is presented, which applies to composite grids for explicit difference methods. Results from four case studies are promising. In fact, close to optimal partitionings were generated by the algorithm. The new algorithm is intended for use in a set of software tools for parallelization of explicit difference methods on MIMD (multiple instruction, multiple data) computers with distributed memory.
Wearable Devices for Caloric Intake Assessment: State of Art and Future Developments (2017)

Automatic recording of caloric intake through wearable devices is a promising method to monitor body weight and eating habits in clinical and non-clinical settings, and the research is still going on.
Five-contact silicon structure based integrated 3D Hall sensor (2003)

A new silicon integrated 3D Hall sensor for high-accuracy magnetic field measurements is suggested and tested. Its unique device design in having only five n+ contacts allows simultaneous and independent obtaining of the full information about the three components of the magnetic field vector. The device is manufactured through a simple planar process and requires the use of four masks. The lateral dimensions of the sensor are 270×270 µm; the channel magnetosensitivities are Sx=Sy=85 V/AT and Sz=29 V/AT; the nonlinearity and channel cross-sensitivities at B≤1 reach no more than 0.6% and 3–4%, respectively; and the frequency response to AC magnetic field is greater than 30 kHz.
Stepwise reduction of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde and methanol: reactions of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide like molecules with hydridochlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV) (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStepwise reduction of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde and methanol: reactions of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide like molecules with hydridochlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV)Sandro Gambarotta, Sauro Strologo, Carlo Floriani, Angiola Chiesi-Villa, and Carlo GuastiniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 22, 6278–6282Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00308a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00308a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1051Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ketamine—Its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses (1982)

Ketamine—Its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses Paul white;Walter Way;anthony Trevor; Anesthesiology
Restoring the balance: immunotherapeutic combinations for autoimmune disease (2014)

Autoimmunity occurs when T cells, B cells or both are inappropriately activated, resulting in damage to one or more organ systems. Normally, high-affinity self-reactive T and B cells are eliminated in the thymus and bone marrow through a process known as central immune tolerance. However, low-affinity self-reactive T and B cells escape central tolerance and enter the blood and tissues, where they are kept in check by complex and non-redundant peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Dysfunction or imbalance of the immune system can lead to autoimmunity, and thus elucidation of normal tolerance mechanisms has led to identification of therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune disease. In the past 15 years, a number of disease-modifying monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered biologic agents targeting the immune system have been approved, notably for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Although these agents represent a major advance, effective therapy for other autoimmune conditions, such as type 1 diabetes, remain elusive and will likely require intervention aimed at multiple components of the immune system. To this end, approaches that manipulate cells ex vivo and harness their complex behaviors are being tested in preclinical and clinical settings. In addition, approved biologic agents are being examined in combination with one another and with cell-based therapies. Substantial development and regulatory hurdles must be overcome in order to successfully combine immunotherapeutic biologic agents. Nevertheless, such combinations might ultimately be necessary to control autoimmune disease manifestations and restore the tolerant state.
Feature Based Dense Stereo Matching Using Dynamic Programming And Color (2008)

This paper presents a new feature based dense stereo matching algorithm to obtain the dense disparity map via dynamic programming. After extraction of some proper features, we use some matching constraints such as epipolar line, disparity limit, ordering and limit of directional derivative of disparity as well. Also, a coarseto- fine multiresolution strategy is used to decrease the search space and therefore increase the accuracy and processing speed. The proposed method links the detected feature points into the chains and compares some of the feature points from different chains, to increase the matching speed. We also employ color stereo matching to increase the accuracy of the algorithm. Then after feature matching, we use the dynamic programming to obtain the dense disparity map. It differs from the classical DP methods in the stereo vision, since it employs sparse disparity map obtained from the feature based matching stage. The DP is also performed further on a scan line, between any matched two feature points on that scan line. Thus our algorithm is truly an optimization method. Our algorithm offers a good trade off in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Regarding the results of our experiments, the proposed algorithm increases the accuracy from 20 to 70%, and reduces the running time of the algorithm almost 70%.
Generation of Role Based Access Control Security Policies for Java Collaborative Applications (2009)

Java collaborative applications are increasingly and widely used in the form of applets or servlets, as a way to easily download and execute small programs on one's computer. However, security associated with these downloaded applications, even if it exists, is not easily manageable. Most of the time, it relies on the user's ability to define a security policy for his virtual machine, which is undesirable. This paper proposes to integrate an RBAC mechanism for any Java application. It introduces a simple tag process that allows the developer to incorporate the appropriate policy in the source code of his application. The user is endowed with the ability to choose a role that corresponds to the required level of trust required in order for him to embed the policy in the executed code. A case study of a collaborative application shows how works the proposed API for managing roles, generating policies and logging in. At the end, a discussion about the dynamic enforcement of the generated policies is presented.
Src SH2 Arginine 175 Is Required for Cell Motility: Specific Focal Adhesion Kinase Targeting and Focal Adhesion Assembly Function (2006)

Src kinase is a crucial mediator of adhesion-related signaling and motility. Src binds to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) through its SH2 domain and subsequently activates it for phosphorylation of downstream substrates. In addition to this binding function, data suggested that the SH2 domain might also perform an important role in targeting Src to focal adhesions (FAs) to enable further substrate phosphorylations. To examine this, we engineered an R175L mutation in cSrc to prevent the interaction with FAK pY397. This constitutively open Src kinase mediated up-regulated substrate phosphorylation in SYF cells but was unable to promote malignant transformation. Significantly, SrcR175L cells also had a profound motility defect and an impaired FA generation capacity. Importantly, we were able to recapitulate wild-type motile behavior and FA formation by directing the kinase to FAs, clearly implicating the SH2 domain in recruitment to FAK and indicating that this targeting capacity, and not simply Src-FAK scaffolding, was critical for normal Src function.
The Premature Removal of Tissue Expanders in Breast Reconstruction (1999)

The role of tissue expanders in breast reconstruction is well established. Little information exists, however, regarding the incidence and etiology of premature removal of the tissue expander before planned exchange to a permanent breast implant. The purpose of this study was to review our 10-year experience with tissue expander breast reconstruction and identify factors relating to the premature removal of the tissue expander. This study is a retrospective review of 770 consecutive patients who underwent breast reconstruction with tissue expanders over the past 10 years. Breast reconstruction was immediate in 90 percent of patients. Patients were expanded weekly, and adjuvant chemotherapy was begun during the expansion process when required. Factors potentially affecting premature expander removal (chemotherapy, diabetes, obesity, radiation therapy, and smoking) were evaluated. Fourteen patients (1.8 percent) with a mean age of 47 years (range, 38 to 62 years) required premature removal of their tissue expander. Expanders were removed a mean of 3.2 months (0.1 to 8 months) after insertion. Causes for premature removal of the tissue expander included infection (7 patients), exposure (2), skin necrosis (2), patient dissatisfaction (2), and persistent breast cancer (1). Positive wound cultures were obtained in four of the seven infected patients (57 percent), requiring expander removal for infection. Tissue expanders were removed in 11 patients for complications directly related to the expander. Among these, six (55 percent) were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, and one was a smoker. Diabetes, obesity, other concomitant medical illnesses, and prior mantle irradiation were not associated with expander removal. Premature removal of the tissue expander was required in only 1.8 percent of the patients in this series. Infection was the most common complication necessitating an unplanned surgical procedure to remove the expander. This study demonstrates that the use of tissue expanders in breast reconstruction is reliable, with the vast majority of patients completing the expansion process.
Real-time tracking of moving objects by optical correlation (1979)

A low-contrast diffusely scattering object was identified and tracked in real-time by coherent optical correlation. The coherent input image is generated with a liquid crystal incoherent-to-coherent image transducer. A cast iron connecting rod (the test object) was tracked with an accuracy of 1 part in 130 over a 0.6-m distance while traveling at speeds up to 0.25 m/sec.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatics and Heteroaromatics via Electrophilic Cyclization (2005)

[reaction: see text] A variety of substituted polycyclic aromatics are readily prepared in good to excellent yields under very mild reaction conditions by the reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)biphenyls with ICl, I(2), NBS, and p-O(2)NC(6)H(4)SCl. This methodology readily accommodates various functional groups and has been successfully extended to systems containing a variety of polycyclic and heterocyclic rings.
Improved Mach-Zehnder interferometer with micro-ring-resonator-based two-beam interferometer (2009)

An optical switch based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a micro-ring resonator as the two-beam interferometer is proposed. By configuring appropriate coupling ratios, the improved MZI can always obtain a low crosstalk, even with seriously unbalanced interferencing beams.
Mikrooptische Sensoren nach dem chromatisch konfokalen Messprinzip (2006)

Reliable and near process measurements of high precision components with sub micrometer tolerances are becoming increasingly important in modem production metrology. Especially measuring tasks of parts difficult to access, for example form and surface measurements of deep drilled holes with small diameters place high demands on today's tactile and optical measurement systems and can not be solved completely. This work focuses on the development of miniaturized straight and perpendicular measuring distance sensors, suitable for near process monitoring tight tolerances of small optical and mechanical high precision parts. The chromatic confocal principle was selected, which is based on a chromatic coding of the distance information. Compared to tactile measurement techniques this optical principle allows faster and contactless object scanning. In regard to other optical measurement techniques this optical principle features longitudinal resolution in the nanometer scale, large numerical apertures and small measurement spot diameters. Chromatic confocal sensors consist of three main elements: a light source, a sensor head and a spectral detection unit. After evaluation, fibre coupled superluminescent diodes were selected as light sources. For the following integration of the sensor systems in coordinate measurement systems a specially adapted LIGA micro spectrometer was developed. This spectrometer enables high measurement accuracies and measurement rates up to 1 kHz. The central task of this work was the development of perpendicular and straight measuring sensor heads. Miniaturization of the sensor heads succeeded in combining refractive and diffractive micro optical elements. Additionally, LIGA-technology was used to experimentally verify a range of free-space and integrated optical design concepts. An integrated optical design based on gradient index lenses proved to be the most suitable for miniaturized chromatic confocal sensors. A perpendicular measuring sensor head with a diameter of 1.2 mm and a straight measuring sensor with an outside diameter of 2.8 mm were fabricated. Within the characterization of the entire sensor system height resolutions of about 20 nm of the perpendicular measuring and 10 nm of the straight measuring sensor head have been demonstrated. This work was supported by the German Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), project number OD2001-038 Hybride microoptical sensors (HymoSens) . The Institute of Applied Optics (ITO) of the University of Stuttgart and the companies Mahr GmbH, Gottingen and Boehringer Ingelheim microParts GmbH, Dortmund participated in this joint research project.
Development of Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue During Perinatal Period (2018)

Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) has recently become a topic of interest due to its newfound presence in adult humans, the morphology brown adipocytes and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) during developmental embryonic and postpartum time frames remains unclear. Additionally, little is known about how maternal obesity affects BAT development in fetal offspring. We selected pups of C57BL/6J dams from E15.5 through P30.5 under standard pregnancy conditions. Interscapular BAT (iBAT) samples were taken and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, western blotting for anti-UCP1, and fluorescent imaging using UCP1-creER mT/mG transgenic construct. We placed C57BL/6J dams on 60% high fat calorie content diets 3 months before gestation and analyzed UCP1 content in pups using immunohistochemistry for anti-UCP1. Analysis on pup iBAT during standard pregnancies along our perinatal time frame revealed a linearly significant decrease in cell density and increase in adipocyte area. Moreover, both iBAT mass ratio to body weight and UCP1 protein expression spiked on P0.5 and eventually diminished. UCP1-creER mT/mG fluorescent imaging revealed UCP1 gene activity as early as E18.5. Maternal obesity increased UCP1 expression in iBAT at birth. Our study provides foundational information into the structural morphology of perinatal iBAT and the starting time point of UCP1 expression. We also find maternal obesity causes an increase in UCP1 expression during postpartum development in pups.