gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collision avoidance of two general robot manipulators by minimum delay time (1994)

A simple time delay method for avoiding collisions between two general robot arms is proposed. Links of the robots are approximated by polyhedra and the danger of collision between two robots is expressed by distance functions defined between the robots. The collision map scheme, which can describe collisions between two robots effectively, is adopted. The minimum delay time value needed for collision avoidance is obtained by a simple procedure of following the boundary contour of collision region on collision map. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed time delay method, a computer simulation study is shown where a collision is likely to occur realistically.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sulphane sulphur in biological systems: a possible regulatory role (1989)

Research Article| December 15 1989 Sulphane sulphur in biological systems: a possible regulatory role J I Toohey J I Toohey 1Cytoregulation Research, Elgin, Ontario, KOG IEO, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1989) 264 (3): 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2640625 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J I Toohey; Sulphane sulphur in biological systems: a possible regulatory role. Biochem J 15 December 1989; 264 (3): 625–632. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2640625 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 London: The Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Double patterning with dual hard mask for 28nm node devices and below (2013)

In this paper, we report a double patterning process resulting in amorphous silicon (a-Si) gate lines with a thickness of 80nm and a lateral critical dimension (CD) below 30nm. We present a full stack for a double patterning approach for etch transfer down to a Si layer, including a hard mask in which the line and cut patterning are performed. The importance of the hard mask (HM) in the success or failure of the exercise is evidenced. Once the suitable HM has been selected, the etch chemistry is shown to have a significant impact on the line width roughness (LWR) of the gate. Ultimately, remarkably low LWR could be achieved on gates exhibiting straight profile. All the results shown in this paper have been obtained on 300mm wafers.
NUEVOS DATOS SOBRE LOS COLEÓPTEROS ACUÁTICOS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL DE DOÑANA (ESPAÑA): CAPTURAS REALIZADAS MEDIANTE TRAMPAS DE LUZ Y TÉCNICAS DE MUESTREO PARA FAUNA EDÁFICA (COLEOPTERA)* (2003)

Entre la fauna accidental recolectada en el inventariado de los coleopteros edaficos del P.N. de Donana se han identificado 54 especies de coleopteros acuaticos, entre los que resultan particularmente interesantes las citas de Cymbiodyta marginella (Fabricius, 1792), Paracymus phalacroides (Wollaston, 1867) y Dryops doderoi Bollow, 1936. Se discuten brevemente los metodos de captura utilizados.
Energy and Electron Transfer in Polyacetylene‐Linked Zinc–Porphyrin–[60]Fullerene Molecular Wires (2005)

The synthesis and electrochemical and photophysical studies of a series of alkyne-linked zinc-porphyrin-[60]fullerene dyads are described. These dyads represent a new class of fully conjugated donor-acceptor systems. An alkynyl-fullerene synthon was synthesized by a nucleophilic addition reaction, and was then oxidatively coupled with a series of alkynyl tetra-aryl zinc-porphyrins with 1-3 alkyne units. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry studies confirmed that the porphyrin and fullerene are electronically coupled and that the degree of electronic interaction decreases with increasing length of the alkyne bridge. In toluene, energy transfer from the excited zinc-porphyrin singlet to the fullerene moiety occurs, affording fullerene triplet quantum yields of greater than 90 %. These dyads exhibit very rapid photoinduced electron transfer in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and benzonitrile (PhCN), which is consistent with normal Marcus behavior. Slower rates for charge recombination in THF versus PhCN clearly indicate that charge-recombination events are occurring in the Marcus inverted region. Exceptionally small attenuation factors (beta) of 0.06+/-0.005 A(-1) demonstrate that the triple bond is an effective mediator of electronic interaction in zinc-porphyrin-alkyne-fullerene molecular wires.
An Inhibitory Region of the DNA-Binding Domain of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Blocks Hormone-Dependent Transactivation (1998)

We have employed a chimeric receptor system in which we cotransfected yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain/retinoid X receptor beta ligand-binding domain chimeric receptor (GAL4RXR), thyroid hormone receptor-beta (TRbeta), and upstream activating sequence-reporter plasmids into CV-1 cells to study repression, derepression, and transcriptional activation. In the absence of T3, unliganded TR repressed transcription to 20% of basal level, and in the presence of T3, liganded TRbeta derepressed transcription to basal level. Using this system and a battery of TRbeta mutants, we found that TRbeta/RXR heterodimer formation is necessary and sufficient for basal repression and derepression in this system. Additionally, an AF-2 domain mutant (E457A) mediated basal repression but not derepression, suggesting that interaction with a putative coactivator at this site may be critical for derepression. Interestingly, a mutant containing only the TRbeta ligand binding domain (LBD) not only mediated derepression, but also stimulated transcriptional activation 10-fold higher than basal level. Studies using deletion and domain swap mutants localized an inhibitory region to the TRbeta DNA-binding domain. Titration studies further suggested that allosteric changes promoting interaction with coactivators may account for enhanced transcriptional activity by LBD. In summary, our findings suggest that TR heterodimer formation with RXR is important for repression and derepression, and coactivator interaction with the AF-2 domain may be needed for derepression in this chimeric system. Additionally, there may be an inhibitory region in the DNA-binding domain, which reduces TR interaction with coactivators, and prevents full-length wild-type TRbeta from achieving transcriptional activation above basal level in this chimeric receptor system.
Current concepts in colorectal cancer prevention (2009)

Colorectal cancer chemoprevention, or chemoprophylaxis, is a drug-based approach to prevent colorectal cancer. Preventing colorectal adenomas with currently available agents demonstrates the promise of pharmacologic strategies directed at critical regulatory pathways. However, agent toxicity, lesion breakthrough and competing efficacy from endoscopy procedures challenge population-based implementation. This article reviews the role of colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the context of existing screening and surveillance guidelines and practice. Emphasis is placed on the role of the colorectal adenoma as a cancer precursor and its surrogacy in assessing individual risk and for evaluating chemoprevention efficacy. We discuss the importance of risk stratification for identifying subjects at moderate-to-high risk for colorectal cancer who are most likely to benefit from chemoprevention at an acceptable level of risk.
Toward Understanding the Cationicity of Defensins (2007)

Human defensins are a family of small antimicrobial proteins found predominantly in leukocytes and epithelial cells that play important roles in the innate and adaptive immune defense against microbial infection. The most distinct molecular feature of defensins is cationicity, manifested by abundant Arg and/or Lys residues in their sequences. Sequence analysis indicates that Arg is strongly selected over Lys in alpha-defensins but not in beta-defensins. To understand this Arg/Lys disparity in defensins, we chemically synthesized human alpha-defensin 1 (HNP1) and several HNP1 analogs where three Arg residues were replaced by each of the following six alpha-amino acids: Lys, ornithine (Orn), diaminobutyric acid (Dab), diaminopropionic acid (Dap), N,N-dimethyl-Lys ((diMe)Lys), and homo-Arg ((homo)Arg). In addition, we prepared human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1) and (Lys-->Arg)hBD1 in which all four Lys residues were substituted for Arg. Bactericidal activity assays revealed the following. 1) Arg-containing HNP1 and (Lys-->Arg)hBD1 are functionally better than Lys-HNP1 and hBD1, respectively; the difference between Arg and Lys is more evident in the alpha-defensin than in the beta-defensin and is more evident at low salt concentrations than at high salt concentrations. 2) For HNP1, the Arg/Lys disparity is much more pronounced with Staphylococcus aureus than with Escherichia coli, and the Arg-rich HNP1 kills bacteria faster than its Lys-rich analog. 3) Arg and Lys appear to have optimal chain lengths for bacterial killing as shortening Lys or lengthening Arg in HNP1 invariably becomes functionally deleterious. Our findings provide insights into the Arg/Lys disparity in defensins, and shed light on the cationicity of defensins with respect to their antimicrobial activity and specificity.
On the Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Protein Turnover of Skeletal Muscle. Studies in vivo with L-Norleucine (1985)

The effect of L-norleucine, an isomer of leucine, on protein metabolism in vivo was studied in suckling rats. Rats were injected subcutaneously with various doses of L-norleucine (0.5 and 5.0 mumol/g body wt.) every 12 h from 3 to 15 days post partum. Protein concentration, amino acid concentrations, and incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into protein were analyzed in liver, muscles of thigh and small intestine. Amino acid concentrations and insulin levels in serum were also measured. At 5 days of age, norleucine induced an increase in protein concentration of skeletal muscle with an increased incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into protein indicating an accelerated protein synthesis. Changes in protein metabolism were paralleled by alterations in the amino acid pattern of this tissue. When protein concentration and protein synthesis were increased in skeletal muscle, protein concentration of small intestine was decreased, accompanied by elevated levels of amino acids in tissue. Protein synthesis of small intestine was not altered by the norleucine treatment. The results suggest a close interrelationship between skeletal muscle and small intestine with respect to protein turnover. The effects of norleucine were less pronounced at 10 and 15 days of age, which indicates a metabolic adaptation to the treatment. Alterations in amino acid concentrations of tissue due to changes in protein metabolism were not uniform but tissue-specific. Current concepts for explaining the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on protein turnover in skeletal muscle are based on the assumption that the BCAA or leucine alone might become rate-limiting for protein synthesis in muscle under catabolic conditions. The amino acid analogue norleucine, however, cannot replace any of the BCAA in protein. Additionally, norleucine affected protein metabolism in highly anabolic organisms. Therefore, the present thoughts on this issue appear to be incomplete.
Using artificial neural networks for pattern recognition of downhole dynamometer card in oil rod pump system (2009)

The present paper shows that by using Artificial Neural Network system one can establishes pattern classes and sets standards for training and validation in Dynamometer Card in oil well rod pump systems. Also, the design and the implementation of a features extractor are then possible by the study of descriptors.
A Roadmap for Metamaterials (2011)

Metamaterials have rapidly advanced over the past few years-from being a paradigm for engineering unique electromagnetic properties to forming a material base for functional devices with tuneable, switchable and nonlinear capabilities. In the future, they will allow for dynamic quantum-effect-enabled systems.
Evidence for Common Structural Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coreceptor Activity Provided through Functional Analysis of CCR5/CXCR4 Chimeric Coreceptors (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vivo is dependent upon the interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 with CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). To study the determinants of the gp120-coreceptor association, we generated a set of chimeric HIV-1 coreceptors which express all possible combinations of the four extracellular domains of CCR5 and CXCR4. Stable U87 astroglioma cell lines expressing CD4 and individual chimeric coreceptor proteins were tested against a variety of R5, X4, and R5X4 envelope glycoproteins and virus strains for their ability to support HIV-1-mediated cell fusion and infection, respectively. Each of the cell lines promoted fusion with cells expressing an HIV envelope glycoprotein, except for U87.CD4.5455, which presents the first extracellular loop (ECL1) and flanking sequences of CXCR4 in the context of CCR5. However, all of the chimeric coreceptors allowed productive infection by one or more of the viral strains tested. Viral phenotype was a predictive factor for the observed activity of the chimeric molecules; X4 and R5X4 HIV strains utilized a majority of the chimeras, while R5 strains were limited in their ability to infect cells expressing these chimeric molecules. The expression of CCR5 ECL2 within the CXCR4 backbone supported infection by an R5 primary isolate, but no chimeras bearing the N terminus of CCR5 exhibited activity with R5 strains. Remarkably, the introduction of any CXCR4 domain into the CCR5 backbone was sufficient to allow utilization by multiple X4 strains. However, critical determinants within ECL2 and/or ECL3 of CXCR4 were apparent for all X4 viruses upon replacement of these domains in CXCR4 with CCR5 sequences. Unexpectedly, chimeric coreceptor-facilitated entry was blocked in all cases by the presence of the CXCR4-specific inhibitor AMD3100. Our data provide proof that CCR5 contains elements that support usage by X4 viral strains and demonstrate that the gp120 interaction sites of CCR5 and CXCR4 are structurally related.
Identification of Monomenthyl Succinate, Monomenthyl Glutarate, and Dimenthyl Glutarate in Nature by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Menthol, menthone, and other natural compounds provide a cooling effect and a minty flavor and have found wide application in chewing gum and oral care products. Monomenthyl succinate, monomenthyl glutarate, and dimenthyl glutarate provide a cooling effect without the burning sensation associated with menthol. Additionally, because they do not have a distinct flavor, they can be used in applications other than mint flavors. Because these menthyl esters have not been reported in nature, we undertook to identify a natural source for these cooling compounds. Using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, monomenthyl succinate was identified in Lycium barbarum and Mentha piperita, and monomenthyl glutarate and dimenthyl glutarate were identified in Litchi chinesis. The identifications were based on the correlation of mass spectrometric and chromatographic retention time data for the menthyl esters in the extracts with authentic standards which resulted in a 99.980% confidence in the identifications.
Dry Cleaning for Fe Contaminants on Si and SiO2 Surfaces with Silicon Chlorides (1997)

While investigating the surface dependence of the dry cleaning technique using Cl radicals generated with UV irradiation , we found that silicon chlorides [ (x = 1 to 4)], etching products created from a reaction between Si and Cl radicals, can remove Fe contaminants. gas removes Fe contaminants existing on both Si and surfaces without surface dependence. The surface residue due to the adsorption of is insignificant. We also found that a small addition of to is advantageous for dry cleaning Si surfaces. Surface flatness and composition are maintained after cleaning with (5:195 ml/min) gas mixture. Dry cleaning technology has been significantly improved by the use of an ‐based system instead of alone.
A Case of Unusual Solitary Tuberculosis of the Kidney (1921)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1921A Case of Unusual Solitary Tuberculosis of the Kidney1 Emerson C. Smith Emerson C. SmithEmerson C. Smith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)74081-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1921 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 6Issue 5November 1921Page: 371-375 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1921 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Emerson C. Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Mitochondrial aconitase and citrate metabolism in malignant and nonmalignant human prostate tissues (2006)

The results demonstrate the existence of m-aconitase enzyme in the citrate-producing glandular epithelial cells; so that deficient m-aconitase enzyme is not associated with the limiting m-aconitase activity that prevents citrate oxidation in these cells. The level of m-aconitase is maintained in the malignant cells; so that an altered enzyme level is not associated with the increased m-aconitase activity. Consequently, the elevated zinc level that inhibits m-aconitase enzyme is responsible for the impaired citrate oxidation in normal and hyperplastic prostate glandular epithelial cells. Moreover, the down-regulation of ZIP1 zinc transporter and corresponding depletion of zinc results in the increase in the activity of the existing m-aconitase activity in the malignant prostate cells. The studies now define the mechanism for the metabolic transformation that characterizes the essential transition of normal citrate-producing epithelial cells to malignant citrate-oxidizing cells.
Intrinsic and defect surface states on single‐crystal metal oxides (1981)

The electronic properties of the surfaces of several single-crystal metal oxides were studied by electron spectroscopic techniques, yielding information on both intrinsic and extrinsic (defect) surface states. SrTiO//3 and TiO//2 have no intrinsic band-gap surface states, while nearly perfect MgO(100) surfaces exhibit a cation-derived empty surface state about 2 eV below the bulk conduction band edge. Defect surface states generally involve 0 vacancies, with attendant change transfer to surface cations that results in occupied states in the band-gap region.
The H Diagram: A Graphical Approach to Logic Design (1971)

A geometric model, termed an H diagram, is an effective visual aid in the synthesis of combinational logic circuits. The model is derived by means of coordinate transformations of a hypercube, resulting in a simple two-dimensional framework for mapping a binary function. The H diagram can be expanded to accommodate an arbitrary number of variables, while maintaining a mathematically consistent pattern that permits the extension of simple geometric interpretations to problems of more complexity. The effectiveness of the H diagram is demonstrated by applications that include the selection of prime implicants, expansion about arbitrary subfunctions, and transformation of variable sequences.
Cell-cycle-specific cDNAs from mammalian cells temperature sensitive for growth. (1984)

A library of double-stranded cDNA was constructed from ts13 cells, a G1-specific temperature-sensitive hamster cell line. The cDNAs, cloned into pBR322, were prepared from poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from ts13 cells 6 hr after serum stimulation at the permissive temperature of 34 degrees C. Differential screening of the library with G1-specific and G0-specific single-stranded cDNA probes prepared from the same cells identified five cDNA clones whose sequences were preferentially expressed in G1. Levels of RNA complementary to these clones were 3- to 6-fold higher in G1 than in other phases of the cell cycle. When ts13 cells were arrested in G1 at the restrictive temperature of 39.6 degrees C, the levels of RNA complementary to p13-2A9 and p13-4F1 were as high as 10 times that found in a resting population, while the expression of sequences complementary to p13-2A8 did not significantly change from levels found in G0. RNA and Southern gel blot analysis suggest that these cell-cycle-specific clones represent either low copy or moderately repetitive gene sequences. Results with another ts mutant of the cell cycle, tsAF8, which is a ts mutant of RNA polymerase II, showed that these cell-cycle-specific sequences have a rapid turnover. The use of G1-specific ts mutants of the cell cycle provides an approach to determine which cell-cycle-dependent genes are most relevant to cell cycle progression.
Fungal proteolytic enzymes: Features of the extracellular proteases of xylotrophic basidiomycetes (2008)

Fungal proteolytic enzymes attract the attention of researches due to such features as high diversity, broad substrate specificity, and stability under extreme conditions. Their functional role is also interesting; it includes a number of processes from the hydrolysis of macromolecular substrates under extremely low nitrogen content to initiation and maintenance of pathogenesis. In the present review, the features of the extracellular proteases of xylotrophic basidiomycetes are discussed. This group is important for the functioning of biological communities and participates in the biological destruction of plant debris; moreover, they are widely used as a source of nutrients and medicines. The review stresses the issues of classification of fungal proteases, their biochemical characteristics and physiological role, as well as the regulation of their activity in the course of fungal growth.
Bromination of hydrocarbons with CBr<sub>4</sub>, initiated by light-emitting diode irradiation (2013)

The bromination of hydrocarbons with CBr4 as a bromine source, induced by light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, has been developed. Monobromides were synthesized with high efficiency without the need for any additives, catalysts, heating, or inert conditions. Action and absorption spectra suggest that CBr4 absorbs light to give active species for the bromination. The generation of CHBr3 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS spectrometry analysis, indicating that the present bromination involves the homolytic cleavage of a C-Br bond in CBr4 followed by radical abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon.