gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loading and Aging Effects in Exhaust Gas After-Treatment Catalysts with Pt As Active Component (2010)

Abatement of pollutant emissions over platinum-containing catalytic converters of lean operated engines is studied. Several close-to-production model catalysts with varying platinum loading and hydrothermal aging procedures are characterized by BET, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, and CO-TPD. Pollutant conversion is numerically investigated in an isothermal flat bed reactor using varying lean exhaust-gas mixtures and temperatures. The performance of the monolithic catalysts is modeled by a two-dimensional flow field description of a single channel coupled with models for washcoat diffusion and multistep reaction mechanisms. An optimizing procedure is presented which allows adaption of kinetic parameters for slightly different catalysts. The catalytic active surface area of the catalyst determined by CO-TPD can serve as parameter to model the varying noble metal loading and consequences of hydrothermal aging without any adaption of the kinetic data included in the reaction mechanism.
Experiences with GRIA — Industrial Applications on a Web Services Grid (2006)

The GRIA project set out to make the grid usable by industry. The GRIA middleware is based on Web services, and designed to meet the needs of industry for security and business-to-business (B2B) service procurement and operation. It provides well-defined B2B models for accounting and QoS agreement, and proxy-free delegation to support account management and service federation. The GRIA v3 software is now being used by industry. By taking a business-oriented approach independent of the evolving Open Grid Services Architecture proposals from the Global Grid Forum, GRIA has demonstrated the need for a wider understanding of virtual organizations (VOs). Traditional academic VOs are persistent, resourceful and have logically centralized, membership-oriented management structures. In contrast, the GRIA experience has been that business VOs are likely to be project-focused and have distributed process-oriented management structures
Scintillating fiber dosimeter for radiation therapy accelerator (2002)

Radiation therapy accelerators require highly accurate dose deposition and the output must be monitored frequently and regularly. Ionization chambers are the primary tool for this control, but their size and fragility make them unsuitable for use during patient treatment. In collaboration with a French center for cancer treatment in Caen, we describe the development and testing of a low-cost radiotherapy dosimeter (SDM) based on scintillating fibers and signal processing to reduce the effect of Cerenkov radiation background. The employment of photodiodes for light collection reduces the cost relative to systems using photomultipliers (PMTs). However, we have also developed a highly sensitive system that uses PMTs for very low-dose deposition for Brachytherapy. Comparison with standard ionization chambers shows about a 1% difference over a range of 6- to 25-MV photons. This dosimeter is 1 mm in diameter and can be placed where ever required including inside the body. Its small size and flexibility make it useful for delimiting critical regions, where organs may be very radiation sensitive.
Superconductivity above 130 K in the Hg-Pb-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system (1994)

High volume fractions of the n=2 and n=3 members of a cuprate system of general formula ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{n}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathit{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (with an average value of x at 0.33) have been synthesized via a relatively facile process using low oxygen pressures. For as-synthesized n=3 (Hg,Pb-1:2:2:3) bulk superconducting critical temperatures (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$) of up to 133 K have been observed. For n=2 (Hg,Pb-1:2:1:2), which is obtained with some rare-earth-ion substitution at the calcium site, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is 125 K after annealing in a reducing atmosphere. High-resolution lattice imaging coupled with structural simulations show that the Pb ions go into the Hg layer, leading to a chemical pressure-induced compositional modulation in this plane. Strong flux pinning and an irreversibility field of 1 T at 80 K are observed for Hg,Pb-1:2:2:3.
Recognition of maternal axillary odors by infants. (1985)

A series of 5 experiments was conducted to determine whether neonates, at approximately 2 weeks of age, can recognize their parents through axillary odors alone. Breast-feeding infants discriminated between their mother's axillary odor and odors produced by either nonparturient or unfamiliar lactating females. In contrast, breast-feeding infants displayed no evidence of recognizing the axillary odors of their father. Likewise, bottle-feeding infants appeared unable to recognize the odor of their mother when presented along with odors from a nonparturient female or an unfamiliar bottle-feeding female. Several hypotheses were presented in an attempt to account for the differential reactions to maternal odors by breast-feeding versus bottle-feeding infants. It was tentatively concluded that, while breast-feeding, infants are exposed to salient maternal odors and thereby rapidly become familiarized with their mother's unique olfactory signature.
Morphometric and Physical Investigations of Segmental Cortical Bone Autografts and Allografts in Canine Ulnar Defects (1992)

Cortical bone grafts were implanted for six months in mature dogs using an osteoperiosteal 3-cm defect in the ulna to evaluate their respective morphometric and physical values compared with autografts. The bone-grafting material included fresh auto- and allografts, frozen and thimerosal preserved allografts, and partially demineralized bone allografts. The grafts were evaluated by roentgenograms, microradiograms, photon absorptiometry, porosity, fluorescence labeling measurements, and torsional loading at failure. Autografts achieved a better union score than the allografts, but intracortical bone porosity, percentage of cumulative new bone, and mineral apposition rate were not variables with statistical significance. Lamellar bone was found earlier and in greater quantity in autografts. Within the graft, new bone was deposited at a slower rate than in the recipient bone. Autografts showed less peripheral resorption and a greater torsional resistance than allografts. Photon absorptiometry demonstrated that nondemineralized allografts underwent a substantial loss of peripheral bone. This marked reduction in the outer diameter of the graft had more influence on torsional resistance than did the intracortical porosity of the graft. Demineralized allografts were osteoinductive in only 28% of the cases and appeared to respond in an all-or-nothing pattern. Frozen and thimerosal preserved allografts were the most acceptable substitutes to autografts.
System for ultrasonically determining corneal layer thicknesses and shape (1994)

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dbCAN2: a meta server for automated carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation (2018)

Complex carbohydrates of plants are the main food sources of animals and microbes, and serve as promising renewable feedstock for biofuel and biomaterial production. Carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) are the most important enzymes for complex carbohydrate metabolism. With an increasing number of plant and plant-associated microbial genomes and metagenomes being sequenced, there is an urgent need of automatic tools for genomic data mining of CAZymes. We developed the dbCAN web server in 2012 to provide a public service for automated CAZyme annotation for newly sequenced genomes. Here, dbCAN2 (http://cys.bios.niu.edu/dbCAN2) is presented as an updated meta server, which integrates three state-of-the-art tools for CAZome (all CAZymes of a genome) annotation: (i) HMMER search against the dbCAN HMM (hidden Markov model) database; (ii) DIAMOND search against the CAZy pre-annotated CAZyme sequence database and (iii) Hotpep search against the conserved CAZyme short peptide database. Combining the three outputs and removing CAZymes found by only one tool can significantly improve the CAZome annotation accuracy. In addition, dbCAN2 now also accepts nucleotide sequence submission, and offers the service to predict physically linked CAZyme gene clusters (CGCs), which will be a very useful online tool for identifying putative polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in microbial genomes or metagenomes.
Atmospheric chemistry of a cyclic hydro-fluoro-carbon: kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase reactions of 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O<sub>3</sub> (2019)

Long path length FTIR-smog chamber techniques were used to study the title reactions in 700 Torr of N2 or air diluent at 296 ± 2 K. Values of k(Cl + 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (TFMTFCB)) = (1.16 ± 0.21) × 10-14 and k(OH + TFMTFCB) = (3.51 ± 0.88) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 were measured. No reactivity of TFMTFCB towards ozone was observed. The atmospheric lifetime of TFMTFCB is determined by the reaction with OH and is approximately 330 days. The chlorine initiated oxidation gives C(O)F2 and CF3C(O)F as the dominant products in yields of (92 ± 2)% and (89 ± 2)%, respectively. The OH radical initiated oxidation gives C(O)F2 and CF3C(O)F as the dominant products in yields of (91 ± 6)% and (84 ± 4)%, respectively. The GWP100 was calculated as 44. The atmospheric chemistry of the title compound, a cyclic halogenated alkane, is discussed in the context of other halogenated cyclo-alkanes.
Bio-metric Trust and Security in Mobile Banking (2012)

T h e invention of mobile phones makes the human life easier. The purpose of this study is to identify security risks in mobile banking and to provide an authentication method for mobile banking transaction by using bio-metric mechanism. C urrent mobile banking authentication is challenging and identified as a major security risk. Literature review shows that customer distrusts mobile banking due to security issues.  The  authors  discuss  security  risks  in  current  authentication  methods  in  mobile banking.
Definition of a Consensus Transportin-specific Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Signal (1999)

The low cytoplasmic and high nuclear concentration of the GTP-bound form of Ran provides directionality for both nuclear protein import and export. Both import and export factors bind RanGTP directly, yet this interaction produces opposite effects; in the former case, RanGTP binding induces nuclear cargo release, whereas in the latter, RanGTP binding induces nuclear cargo assembly. Therefore, nuclear import and export receptors and their protein recognition sites are predicted to be distinct. Nevertheless, the approximately 38-amino acid M9 sequence present in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 has been reported to serve as both a nuclear localization signal and a nuclear export signal, even though only one protein, the nuclear import factor transportin, has been shown to bind M9 directly. We have used a combination of mutational randomization followed by selection for transportin binding to exhaustively define amino acids in M9 that are critical for transportin binding in vivo. As expected, the resultant approximately 12-amino acid transportin-binding consensus sequence is also predictive of nuclear localization signal activity. Surprisingly, however, this extensive mutational analysis failed to dissect M9 nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal function. Nevertheless, transportin appears unlikely to be the M9 export receptor, as RanGTP can be shown to block M9 binding by transportin not only in vitro, but also in the nucleus in vivo. This analysis therefore predicts the existence of a nuclear export receptor distinct from transportin that nevertheless shares a common protein-binding site on heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1.
A novel framework for faster-than-at-speed delay test considering IR-drop effects (2006)

Faster-than-at-speed test have been proposed to detect small delay defects. While these techniques increase the test frequency to reduce the positive slack of the path, they exacerbate the already well known issue of IR-drop during test. This may result in false identification of good chips to be faulty due to IR-drop rather than small delay defects. We present a case study of IR-drop effects due to faster-than-at-speed test. We propose a novel framework for pattern generation/application using any commercial no-timing ATPG tool, to screen small delay defects and a technique to determine the optimal test frequency considering both performance degradation due to IR-drop effects and positive slack.
Edge computing technologies for Internet of Things: a primer (2017)

With the rapid development of mobile internet and Internet of Things applications, the conventional centralized cloud computing is encountering severe challenges, such as high latency, low Spectral Efficiency (SE), and non-adaptive machine type of communication. Motivated to solve these challenges, a new technology is driving a trend that shifts the function of centralized cloud computing to edge devices of networks. Several edge computing technologies originating from different backgrounds to decrease latency, improve SE, and support the massive machine type of communication have been emerging. This paper comprehensively presents a tutorial on three typical edge computing technologies, namely mobile edge computing, cloudlets, and fog computing. In particular, the standardization efforts, principles, architectures, and applications of these three technologies are summarized and compared. From the viewpoint of radio access network, the differences between mobile edge computing and fog computing are highlighted, and the characteristics of fog computing-based radio access network are discussed. Finally, open issues and future research directions are identified as well. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile edge computing, Cloudlets, Fog computing
Redundant core testing on the cell BE microprocessor (2010)

The Cell Broadband Engine chip, used in Sony's PS/3 console, contains 8 identical processing cores. As only 7 of these are used in the PS/3™ application, this provides an opportunity for yield enhancement through use of this “spare” core. We are able to enjoy an 11% to 17% yield increase with this scheme, but its implementation drives about 20% of our test time and significant design and test complexity.
Maintenance Therapy for Acne Vulgaris: The Fine Balance Between Efficacy, Cutaneous Tolerability, and Adherence (2004)

Maintenance therapy is defined as the regular use of appropriate therapeutic agents to ensure that acne remains in remission. Topical agents are the mainstay of maintenance therapy. A number of topical therapeutic options are available, including topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and azelaic acid. The choice of topical agents should be based on a number of criteria: efficacy in addressing the subclinical microcomedo, which is the precursor lesion for both comedones and inflammatory lesions; tolerability, due to the need for application to a broader epidermal surface; and other properties that may enhance adherence. Patients may be more motivated to use agents that are easily integrated into their lifestyles and that have potential "skin-repairing" properties.
Infrared spectroscopy: a tool for determination of the degree of conversion in dental composites (2008)

Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most widely used techniques for measurement of conversion degree in dental composites. However, to obtain good quality spectra and quantitative analysis from spectral data, appropriate expertise and knowledge of the technique are mandatory. This paper presents important details to use infrared spectroscopy for determination of the conversion degree.
Passive energy recapture in jellyfish contributes to propulsive advantage over other metazoans (2013)

Gelatinous zooplankton populations are well known for their ability to take over perturbed ecosystems. The ability of these animals to outcompete and functionally replace fish that exhibit an effective visual predatory mode is counterintuitive because jellyfish are described as inefficient swimmers that must rely on direct contact with prey to feed. We show that jellyfish exhibit a unique mechanism of passive energy recapture, which is exploited to allow them to travel 30% further each swimming cycle, thereby reducing metabolic energy demand by swimming muscles. By accounting for large interspecific differences in net metabolic rates, we demonstrate, contrary to prevailing views, that the jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) is one of the most energetically efficient propulsors on the planet, exhibiting a cost of transport (joules per kilogram per meter) lower than other metazoans. We estimate that reduced metabolic demand by passive energy recapture improves the cost of transport by 48%, allowing jellyfish to achieve the large sizes required for sufficient prey encounters. Pressure calculations, using both computational fluid dynamics and a newly developed method from empirical velocity field measurements, demonstrate that this extra thrust results from positive pressure created by a vortex ring underneath the bell during the refilling phase of swimming. These results demonstrate a physical basis for the ecological success of medusan swimmers despite their simple body plan. Results from this study also have implications for bioinspired design, where low-energy propulsion is required.
Type III Restriction Is Alleviated by Bacteriophage (RecE) Homologous Recombination Function but Enhanced by Bacterial (RecBCD) Function (2005)

Previous works have demonstrated that DNA breaks generated by restriction enzymes stimulate, and are repaired by, homologous recombination with an intact, homologous DNA region through the function of lambdoid bacteriophages lambda and Rac. In the present work, we examined the effect of bacteriophage functions, expressed in bacterial cells, on restriction of an infecting tester phage in a simple plaque formation assay. The efficiency of plaque formation on an Escherichia coli host carrying EcoRI, a type II restriction system, is not increased by the presence of Rac prophage-presumably because, under the single-infection conditions of the plaque assay, a broken phage DNA cannot find a homologue with which to recombine. To our surprise, however, we found that the efficiency of plaque formation in the presence of a type III restriction system, EcoP1 or EcoP15, is increased by the bacteriophage-mediated homologous recombination functions recE and recT of Rac prophage. This type III restriction alleviation does not depend on lar on Rac, unlike type I restriction alleviation. On the other hand, bacterial RecBCD-homologous recombination function enhances type III restriction. These results led us to hypothesize that the action of type III restriction enzymes takes place on replicated or replicating DNA in vivo and leaves daughter DNAs with breaks at nonallelic sites, that bacteriophage-mediated homologous recombination reconstitutes an intact DNA from them, and that RecBCD exonuclease blocks this repair by degradation from the restriction breaks.
Promoting inclusion for: children with physical and sensory difficulties (2003)

Physical difficulties are often detected early, sometimes before birth. Others become more obvious when a child fails to meet physical milestones. Sensory difficulties manifest themselves in various ways, many of which can be linked to other difficulties and so may only be diagnosed when these other possible causes are ruled out.
Treatment of psoriatic arthritis at the Dead Sea. (1994)

Treatment of psoriasis and PsA at the Dead Sea area is very efficacious and the addition of balneotherapy can have additional beneficial effects on patients with PsA. Other controlled studies with longer followup periods are needed to verify our results.
Towards a thermally regenerative all-copper redox flow battery (2013)

An all-copper redox flow battery based on strong complexation of Cu(+) with acetonitrile is demonstrated, exhibiting reasonable battery performance. More interestingly, the battery can be charged by heat sources of 100 °C, by distilling off the acetonitrile. This destabilizes the Cu(+) complex, leading to recovery of the starting materials.
Cell Tracing Dyes Significantly Change Single Cell Mechanics (2009)

Cell tracing dyes are very frequently utilized in cellular biology research because they provide highly sensitive fluorescent tags that do not compromise cellular functions such as growth and proliferation. In many investigations concerning cellular adhesion and mechanics, fluorescent dyes have been employed with the assumption of little impact on the results. Using the single cell compression technique developed by our team, the single cell mechanics of MDA-MB-468 and MLC-SV40 cells were investigated as a function of dye uptake. Cell tracing dyes increase living cell stiffness 3-6 times and cell-to-probe adhesion up to 7 times. These results suggest a more significant effect than toxins, such as thrombin. A simple analytical model was derived to enable the extraction of the Young's moduli of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton from the force-deformation profiles measured for individual cells. The increase in Young's modulus of the membrane is 3-7 times, which is more significant than that of the cytoskeleton (1.1-3.4 times). We propose that changes in cell mechanics upon the addition of fluorescent tracing dye are primarily due to the incorporation of amphiphilic dye molecules into the cellular plasma membrane, which increases the lateral interaction among phospholipid chains and thus enhances their rigidity and adhesion.
Claudin-1 Is a Metastasis Suppressor and Correlates with Clinical Outcome in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2008)

CLDN1 is a cancer invasion/metastasis suppressor. CLDN1 is also a useful prognostic predictor and potential drug treatment target for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
WITSML Changing the Face of Real-Time (2008)

Abstract WITSML is a key enabler in an increasing number of real-time workflows. This is particularly true for integrated operations within the growing numbers of onshore operations centers. Two years ago WITSML was a technology known by few and actively used by even less. Now the SIG steering the standard has grown to 51 companies. The starting point for most companies in using WITSML is to bring depth data into their asset databases. For many this has become the norm. Early adopters like Statoil are broadening their use into a wider range of wellsite operations. Within asset teams a standard data delivery mechanism allows integration of new tools and workflows, letting Geologists and Engineers make use of real-time data within their familiar desktop applications. It also enables centrally managed data delivery services letting them focus on their areas of expertise, not data gathering. New technology and processes in these areas are helping operators make the next big step from real-time remote monitoring to real-time remote control. For growing numbers it is now not enough to receive a visual representation of the data. They expect data to be delivered in real-time via a standard format. WITSML also brings operators the opportunity to standardize data delivery workflows, to clarify contractual requirements to providers and to establish and measure realistic data delivery KPIs. Within Schlumberger WITSML enabled workflows are well established, answer products for drilling optimization and interpretation utilize the standard via a unified WITSML client. This reduces software development cycle time and simplifies data gathering. WITSML is becoming established, bringing proven advantages to real-time workflows. Continued uptake of the standard will enhance the competitive advantage of service companies and the operators utilizing it. WITSML is here to stay and should be supported more widely within the industry.