gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical stability conditions in skimmed milk crossflow microfiltration: impact on operating modes (2000)

diameter. During skimmed milk MF the fouling, mainly due to a deposit of casein micelles at the membrane surface, is dependent on a critical permeation flux, Jcrit, to wall shear stress, w ratio Under this critical ratio the performance (permeability
Robust control of burst suppression for medical coma (2015)

A CLAD system designed using robust control theory achieves clinically acceptable performance in the presence of realistic unmodeled disturbances and in spite of realistic model uncertainty, while maintaining infusion rates within acceptable safety limits.
Evaluation of<i>Phytophthora parasitica</i>var.<i>nicotianae</i>for Biocontrol of<i>Phytophthora parasitica</i>on<i>Catharanthus roseus</i> (1994)

Isolates of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were selected for biocontrol of Phytophthora tarasitica, which causes preemergence damping-off of Catharanthus roseus. Isolates of P. p. nicotianae pathogenic to tobacco were weakly pathogenic on C. roseus and variable in their biocontrol of damping-off. Rice grain cultures of P. parasitica (14-21 days old) at 0.05 g per 25.4 cm 2 plug tray were optimal for screening potential biocontrol isolates in the greenhouse. After screening 41 isolates in preliminary experiments, 11 isolates were tested in three repeated experiments. Three isolates of P. p. nicotianae (402, 602, and 723) that represented the range of effective control of P. parasitica were chosen for further study
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome had excess hair, irregular or absent menstruation, and infertility and felt<i>freakish</i>,<i>abnormal</i>, and<i>not proper women</i> (2003)

Kitzinger C, Willmott J. ‘The thief of womanhood’: women’s experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Soc Sci Med2002 ; 54 : 349 –61 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTIONS: What are the experiences of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? How do they negotiate their identities as women? Exploratory qualitative design. United Kingdom. 30 women (mean age 29 y, 80% white) with PCOS recruited through a mailing to members of a national PCOS self help organisation. Indepth, semistructured, tape recorded interviews were conducted in the women’s homes and lasted 45–90 minutes. The interview schedule was broad based and wide ranging, and was designed to allow women to tell their own stories. The interview schedule had open ended questions with prompts and follow up questions. Data were transcribed using simple orthographic notation, and analysis relied on organising sections of the data into recurrent themes. PCOS was very important in the everyday lives of most participants. Many women talked about the frustration and anger they felt about delays in diagnosis, the lack of information provided by health … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DSocial%2Bscience%2B%2526%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DSoc%2BSci%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DKitzinger%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%26rft.volume%253D54%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D349%26rft.epage%253D361%26rft.atitle%253D%2527The%2Bthief%2Bof%2Bwomanhood%2527%253A%2Bwomen%2527s%2Bexperience%2Bof%2Bpolycystic%2Bovarian%2Bsyndrome.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0277-9536%252801%252900034-X%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11824912%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00034-X&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11824912&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F6%2F1%2F30.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000173266800004&link_type=ISI
Low Salinity Oil Recovery – Log-Inject-Log (2004)

Abstract Many laboratory coreflood studies have shown increased oil recovery is achieved by waterflooding using low salinity water, compared with injection of seawater or high salinity produced water. The reasons for this improved oil recovery are thought to be due to effective wettability changes and / or controlled removal of clay constituents. This paper describes a log-inject-log field test, designed to identify whether this phenomenon could be observed within the near well region of a reservoir. The log-inject-log test was meticulously designed and executed, to ensure that flow rates were maintained at low rates, and that cross flow was minimised, to ensure that the results were representative of bulk reservoir waterflood displacement. A producing well was selected for the test to ensure that all saturation changes occurred under stringently controlled test conditions and that the results would not be affected by previous high rate water injection. 10–15 ‘pore volumes’ of high salinity brine, were injected into the ‘volume of interest’, to obtain a baseline residual oil saturation. This was followed by sequences of more dilute brine followed by high salinity brine for calibration purposes. Multiple log passes were conducted during injection of each brine. At least three further passes were run to ensure that a stable saturation value had been established after injection of each brine. Extensive water sampling was conducted to confirm brine salinities and increase confidence in the quantitative saturation results. The results were in line with previous laboratory tests from other fields, and showed 25–50% reduction in residual oil saturation when waterflooding with low salinity brine.
3D LIDAR-Camera Extrinsic Calibration Using an Arbitrary Trihedron (2013)

This paper presents a novel way to address the extrinsic calibration problem for a system composed of a 3D LIDAR and a camera. The relative transformation between the two sensors is calibrated via a nonlinear least squares (NLS) problem, which is formulated in terms of the geometric constraints associated with a trihedral object. Precise initial estimates of NLS are obtained by dividing it into two sub-problems that are solved individually. With the precise initializations, the calibration parameters are further refined by iteratively optimizing the NLS problem. The algorithm is validated on both simulated and real data, as well as a 3D reconstruction application. Moreover, since the trihedral target used for calibration can be either orthogonal or not, it is very often present in structured environments, making the calibration convenient.
Thrombin down‐regulates the TGF‐β‐mediated synthesis of collagen and fibronectin by human proximal tubule epithelial cells through the EPCR‐dependent activation of PAR‐1 (2010)

Human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells are commonly used as cellular models to understand the mechanism by which inflammatory mediators cause renal injury. It has been observed that thrombin stimulates the expression of TGF-beta, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proinflammatory cytokines by HK-2 cells. These in vitro responses correlate well with the pathology of glomerular and tubular diseases observed in acute renal injury. HK-2 cells express PAR-1 and the thrombin activation of this receptor has been reported to up-regulate the TGF-beta-mediated expression of ECM proteins, suggesting a possible pathogenic role for PAR-1 signaling by thrombin in acute renal injury. On the other hand, several recent studies have indicated that activated protein C plays a renoprotective role, thus inhibiting the inflammatory responses and attenuating renal injury, presumably by activating the same cell surface receptor. In this study, we show that HK-2 cells express endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and that the occupancy of this receptor by protein C switches the signaling specificity of thrombin so that the activation of PAR-1 by thrombin inhibits the TNF-alpha-mediated synthesis of IL-6 and IL-8 and down-regulates the TGF-beta-mediated expression of ECM proteins. These results suggest a possible protective role for EPCR in acute kidney injury.
Development and Testing of a Low-Power Hall Thruster System (2000)

W ITHIN the past 10 years, there has been a significant increase in both the use and the study of miniand microsatellites having initial launch masses of less than a few hundred kilograms. Initially the use of these satellites was almost exclusively the domain of university scientific and amateur missions, whereas commercial and military satellites got larger and more expensive. However, with the recent decrease in budgets and the increasing capabilities of electronics, commercial and military interests have now begun looking at replacing or augmenting some functions of large single satellites with constellations of miniandlor microsatellites. Several constellations of small satellites, having initial launch masses of -500 kg, are being developed for real-time applications such as worldwide mobile communications and non-real-time applications such as paging services, asset tracking and identification, and meter reading. In addition to these commercial uses of miniand microsatellites, there exists a strong interest in the scientific community in using these satellites to accomplish very ambitious science missions. To stimulate the development of miniand microsatellites, the U.S. Air Force and NASA have initiated several component development programs, and NASA has established the Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative (SSTI). The goal of SSTI is to promote the development of new technologies that reduce the cost and time of getting civil and commercial missions from the drawing board to orbit. In addition, several governmental agencies sponsor both high school and university missions such as TERRIERS, CATSAT, and SNOE. Also under consideration is
Focused beamforming for underwater imaging: depth of field and range resolution optimization (2002)

Addresses two problems that characterize the formation of underwater acoustic images (3D maps) by focused beamforming. When usual parameters are chosen to achieve an accurate lateral resolution, the depth of field provided by focused beamforming is insufficient to build a flexible imaging system. Moreover, the accuracy of range determination is directly proportional to the signal bandwidth. The authors propose an evaluation methodology, namely, confidence measure, which, is calculated on the beam signal profile, and permits one to determine the exact position of an attenuated pulse in time by a comparison with an expected model of the beam signal. The confidence measure makes it possible to improve the precision of range determination and to generate an algorithm that, without any a priori knowledge of a scene, succeeds in focusing each beam signal correctly. Finally, they compare, in terms of image quality, sensitivity to noise, and processing time, the results obtained by the proposed algorithm with those obtained by fixed and dynamic focalizations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cellular therapies in trauma and critical care medicine: Looking towards the future (2017)

Shibani Pati and Todd Rasmussen summarize progress in preclinical research on cellular therapeutics for traumatic injury and its sequelae and discuss prospects for clinical translation.
XXII. Programming a computer for playing chess (1950)

(1950). XXII. Programming a computer for playing chess. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 41, No. 314, pp. 256-275.
Effects of interleukins, colony-stimulating factor and tumour necrosis factor on human hair follicle growth <i>in vitro:</i> a possible role for interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-α in alopecia areata (1996)

The immune system may be involved in the regulation of normal hair follicle growth as well as in the pathogenesis of some hair diseases. Immunomodulatory cytokines not only act as mediators of immunity and inflammation but also regulate cell proliferation and differentiation and, as such, may play an important part in regulating hair growth. We have investigated the effects of a number of interleukins (IL), colony stimulating factors and tumour necrosis factors (TNF) on hair follicle growth in vitro. Dose-response studies showed that IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were potent inhibitors of hair follicle growth. The histology of hair follicles maintained with inhibitory doses of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha showed similar changes in hair follicle morphology, resulting in the formation of dystrophic anagen hair follicles. These changes in histology were characterized by the condensation and distortion of the dermal papilla, marked vacuolation of the hair follicle matrix, abnormal keratinization of the follicle bulb and inner root sheath, disruption of follicular melanocytes and the presence of melanin granules within the dermal papilla. Moreover, these changes in hair follicle morphology are similar to those reported in alopecia areata and suggest that IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha may play an important part in the pathophysiology of inflammatory hair disease.
Water penetration sensing using wavelength tunable OTDR (1990)

A method for sensing penetration of water into optical cable using a wavelength-tunable optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is proposed. The reflectivity at every Fabry-Perot connector gap contained in a monitoring fiber has periodic wavelength dependence. It is confirmed experimentally that water penetration into a connector gap results in a wavelength period change, the ratio of which coincides with the refractive index of water regardless of the size of the gap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control of pelage hair follicle development and cycling by complex interactions between follistatin and activin (2003)

Members of the transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein (TGF-beta/BMP) family are involved in the control of hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and cycling. The activities of several members of this family activins and BMP-2, -4, -7, and -11) are controlled by antagonists such as follistatin. Because follistatin-deficient mice show abnormalities in vibrissae development, we explored the role of follistatin and activin in pelage HF development and cycling. We show here that during HF development follistatin mRNA was prominently expressed by hair matrix and outer root sheath keratinocytes as well as by interfollicular epidermal cells, whereas activin betaA mRNA was mainly expressed in dermal papilla cells. Compared with age-matched wild-type controls, both follistatin knockout mice and activin betaA transgenic mice showed a significant retardation of HF morphogenesis. Treatment of wild-type embryonic skin explants with follistatin protein stimulated HF development. This effect was inhibited by addition of recombinant activin A protein. Activin betaA transgenic mice demonstrated retardation of catagen entry, down-regulation of BMP-2, and up-regulation of expression of its antagonist matrix GLA protein. These observations suggest that follistatin and activin interaction plays an important role in both HF development and cycling, possibly in part by regulating expression of BMP-2 and its antagonist.
Intelligent metasearch engine for knowledge management (2003)

The explosive growth of available information sources and the resulting information overload pose several problems for users in many business organizations and educational institutions. First, searching through several information sources, one at a time, is a source of enormous frustration for users. Second, top-ranked documents in search results are frequently irrelevant to what users are interested in. To address these problems, we have developed ixmeta™, a powerful metasearch engine that gathers, evaluates, ranks, and reports the most relevant results from multiple information sources, including library catalogs, proprietary databases, intranets, and Web search engines. In addition to basic metasearch capabilities, ixmetafind uses personalization and clustering techniques to find the most relevant results for users. In this paper, we briefly describe technologies used in ixmetafind and present pinpoint™ from Sagebrush Corporation, the smart research tool™ in the kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) school environment. Pinpoint showcases ixmetafind in the knowledge management domain of the K-12 school environment.
Age-related Macular Degeneration: Genetic and Environmental Factors of Disease (2010)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual impairment among the elderly in developed countries, and its prevalence is thus increasing as the population ages; however, treatment options remain limited because the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD are incompletely defined. Recently, much progress has been made in gene discovery and mechanistic studies, which clearly indicate that AMD involves the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. The identification of genes that have a substantial impact on the risk for AMD is not only facilitating the diagnosis and screening of populations at risk but is also elucidating key molecular pathways of pathogenesis. Pharmacogenetic studies of treatment responsiveness among patients with the "wet" form of AMD are increasingly proving to be clinically relevant; pharmacogenetic approaches hold great promise for both identifying patients with the best chance for vision recovery as well as tailoring individualized therapies.
Pymetrozine Causes a Nontarget Pest, the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), to Leave Potato Plants (2008)

Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide that targets aphids. Published assessments of the effects of pymetrozine on nontarget organisms focus mainly on predatory insects, and they rarely indicate toxicity. In a laboratory bioassay, survival of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larvae was not affected by pymetrozine exposure. We subsequently used pymetrozine to implement low-aphid-density treatments in a field experiment that involved separate manipulations of Colorado potato beetle density. Unexpectedly, the addition of Colorado potato beetle adults and eggs did not increase the densities of Colorado potato beetle larvae in plots that were sprayed with pymetrozine (applied with water and an adjuvant). In control plots sprayed with water and adjuvant (without pymetrozine), addition of Colorado potato beetles increased densities of their larvae. Data collected on a smaller scale suggest that a behavioral mechanism underlies the population-level pattern: Colorado potato beetle larvae become more active and are less likely to remain on a host plant after exposure to pymetrozine. Thus, potato, Solanum tuberosum L., growers who use pymetrozine against aphids also might benefit in terms of Colorado potato beetle control.
SLIDING DAMAGE AND STRESS STATE OF MULTILAYER THIN FILM RIGID MEDIA (1989)

The initiation of sliding wear involves force interaction between the magnetic recording head and the recording media during sliding contact. The initial stage of the wear process has been examined and reported. Sliding wear features have been found on the surface of carbon-coated standard thin film rigid disk media after sliding contact without significant change in the average friction force. The experimental results indicate that the structure and properties of the carbon film could play an important role in limiting the durability and performance of the magnetic thin film rigid disks. In an attempt to understand the characteristic sliding damage on the thin film rigid media, the sliding contact stress in multilayer thin film rigid media has been analyzed using finite element method. The correlations of the sliding wear feature, structure of the carbon film and the stress state on multilayer thin film rigid media indicate that continuity and uniformity of the carbon film strongly affect the triboiogical performance of carbon-coated thin film rigid disk media.
使用基于闪存工艺的SoC FPGA器件实现安全启动设计以防止Linux rootkit威胁 (2015)

无论用做独立的处理单元,或者与辅助处理器联合使用,So C FPGA器件均可以改善嵌入式处理的安全性。虽然可以利用专用安全器件来构建嵌入式处理器模块,实施监测和静态密匙存储,然而,整合系统关键功能的So C FPGA器件若能提供安全特性,便可以提供更大的安全性、灵活性和更好的性能。在嵌入式设计中,Linux日益流行。随着32位计算成为常见商品,Yocto等项目使得用于嵌入式应用和基于Linux的系统的创建、开发,以及维护变得更加容易,使得Linux系统的流行性可能
Maximized photorefractive holographic storage (1991)

Recording angularly multiplexed holograms in photorefractive media requires an understanding of both the recording and erasure dynamics. In this paper a coupled-wave analysis is used to describe both the recording and erasure processes. This analysis has been applied to the recording of multiplexed holograms, resulting in a procedure to record maximum diffraction efficiency holograms. Experimental results confirming the theory for both the dynamics of a single exposure and the efficiencies of multiple exposures are presented. Using an uncoupled recording wave analysis, an expression for the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the number of exposures in the case of equal record/erase time constants is presented. Approximate results are presented for the case of unequal time constants. This serves to set an upper limit on the diffraction efficiencies for a given saturation index of refraction modulation.
Microwave Modulation of Light Using the Kerr Effect* (1961)

Modulation of light at 3 and 6 kMc is achieved by applying a superimposed electrostatic and microwave field to a carbon-disulfide Kerr-cell which is incorporated within the high-electric-field region of a resonant cavity. The development of this light shutter requires the analysis of the Kerr effect under circumstances in which the transit time of light is appreciable. A Kerr cell whose length is such that the transit time of light is one-half the period of the modulating microwave field proves to have particular advantages over other designs. The light shutter is realized with a re-entrant microwave cavity with provision for the application of electrostatic as well as microwave fields. At about 26-kv dc and 10-kw pulsed 3-kMc ac power, the system modulates a light beam of several milliwatts radiant power up to 80%.
Die Unterhaltsrechtsreform 2008 (2008)

Zum 01.01.2008 ist das neue Unterhaltsrechtsänderungsgesetz in Kraft getreten. Die damit verbundenen Änderungen sind gravierend. Ziel des Gesetzgebers ist es, zum einen das Kindeswohl und die nacheheliche Eigenverantwortung zu stärken, zum anderen das Unterhaltsrecht zu vereinfachen.