gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of [11C]PF-367 for neuroimaging of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (2015)

491 Objectives Dysregulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, with recent interests focused on its phosphorylation of tau protein. PET radiotracers for this kinase have remained elusive because of inadequate potency, selectivity and/or brain penetration. In the present study, we discovered a novel GSK-3 inhibitor and conducted PET-CT studies in nonhuman primates with its 11C-isotopologue. Methods The lead compound, N-(3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazole-4-carboxamide; PF-367) was discovered by high throughput screening and evaluated in an array of in vitro and in vivo assays. [11C]PF-367 was labeled by reaction of the phenolic precursor in TBAOH/DMF with [11C]CH3I. Preliminary PET-CT studies in rhesus monkeys (7-8kg) were carried out with arterial blood input function. Results PF-367 demonstrated equal potency to two known GSK3 isoforms (GSK-3α/β) with an IC50 of 1.1, 2.1 and 9.0 nM in three enzymatic assays (recombinant human GSK-3, ADP-Glo and mobility-shift, respectively). PF-367 showed >450-fold selectivity for GSK-3 in a panel of >400 neuroreceptors, enzymes and kinases, as well as modulation of tau phosphorylation in rat brain (72%-43% inhibitions from 1-32 mg/kg p.o.) in a dose dependent manner. [11C]PF-367 was synthesized in >5% uncorrected yield relative to [11C]CO2 with specific activity >2 Ci/μmol (n>10). Bolus i.v. administration of [11C]PF-367 (5-7 mCi) reached a whole brain peak uptake (2 SUV) with fairly uniform brain distribution followed by a fast clearance (1 SUV at 40 min). Co-administration of [11C]PF-367 and PF-367 (0.1 mg/kg) showed increased peak uptake (3.5 SUV) and decreased binding (0.3 SUV at 40 min) in all brain regions. Conclusions PF-367 represents one of the most potent and selective inhibitors of GSK-3. Preliminary PET imaging studies of [11C]PF-367 in nonhuman primates show promise for neuroimaging of this target in vivo.
DNA Microarray Analysis of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> : Evidence for a New Type of Sulfur-Reducing Enzyme Complex (2001)

DNA microarrays were constructed by using 271 open reading frame (ORFs) from the genome of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. They were used to investigate the effects of elemental sulfur (S(primary)) on the levels of gene expression in cells grown at 95 degrees C with maltose as the carbon source. The ORFs included those that are proposed to encode proteins mainly involved in the pathways of sugar and peptide catabolism, in the metabolism of metals, and in the biosynthesis of various cofactors, amino acids, and nucleotides. The expression of 21 ORFs decreased by more than fivefold when cells were grown with S(primary) and, of these, 18 encode subunits associated with three different hydrogenase systems. The remaining three ORFs encode homologs of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and HypF, both of which appear to be involved in hydrogenase biosynthesis, as well as a conserved hypothetical protein. The expression of two previously uncharacterized ORFs increased by more than 25-fold when cells were grown with S(primary). Their products, termed SipA and SipB (for sulfur-induced proteins), are proposed to be part of a novel S(primary)-reducing, membrane-associated, iron-sulfur cluster-containing complex. Two other previously uncharacterized ORFs encoding a putative flavoprotein and a second FeS protein were upregulated more than sixfold in S(primary)-grown cells, and these are also thought be involved in S(primary) reduction. Four ORFs that encode homologs of proteins involved in amino acid metabolism were similarly upregulated in S(primary)-grown cells, a finding consistent with the fact that growth on peptides is a S(primary)-dependent process. An ORF encoding a homolog of the eukaryotic rRNA processing protein, fibrillarin, was also upregulated sixfold in the presence of S(primary), although the reason for this is as yet unknown. Of the 20 S(primary)-independent ORFs that are the most highly expressed (at more than 20 times the detection limit), 12 of them represent enzymes purified from P. furiosus, but none of the products of the 34 S(primary)-independent ORFs that are not expressed above the detection limit have been characterized. These results represent the first derived from the application of DNA microarrays to either an archaeon or a hyperthermophile.
Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing in Neuroimaging using MRI (2016)

Abstract Neuroimaging enables rich noninvasive measurements of human brain activity, but translating such data into neuroscientific insights and clinical applications requires complex analyses and collaboration among a diverse array of researchers. The open science movement is reshaping scientific culture and addressing the challenges of transparency and reproducibility of research. To advance open science in neuroimaging the Organization for Human Brain Mapping created the Committee on Best Practice in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), charged with creating a report that collects best practice recommendations from experts and the entire brain imaging community. The purpose of this work is to elaborate the principles of open and reproducible research for neuroimaging using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and then distill these principles to specific research practices. Many elements of a study are so varied that practice cannot be prescribed, but for these areas we detail the information that must be reported to fully understand and potentially replicate a study. For other elements of a study, like statistical modelling where specific poor practices can be identified, and the emerging areas of data sharing and reproducibility, we detail both good practice and reporting standards. For each of seven areas of a study we provide tabular listing of over 100 items to help plan, execute, report and share research in the most transparent fashion. Whether for individual scientists, or for editors and reviewers, we hope these guidelines serve as a benchmark, to raise the standards of practice and reporting in neuroimaging using MRI.
Alkylated hyperbranched polymers as molecular nanosponges for the purification of water from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2005)

Abstract A series of hyperbranched polymers functionalized with long aliphatic chains has been prepared and characterized. The property of films prepared from these polymers to encapsulate lipophilic polyaromatic pollutants dissolved in water has been established. The level of pyrene and fluoranthene remaining in water after treatment ranged from 1 to 30 ppb for most of the hyperbranched polymers, while for the relatively more water‐soluble phenanthrene a final concentration of about 50 to 70 ppb could be attained. The inclusion formation constants determined for the polycyclic aromatics were 2.0 × 10 8 –6.3 × 10 6 M −1 for pyrene, 1.2 × 10 7 –1.6 × 10 6 M −1 for fluoranthene, and 3.8 × 10 6 –4 × 10 5 M −1 for phenanthrene. The loading capacities depend on the nature of the polycyclic aromatic compounds and the chemical structure of the parent hyperbranched polymers, ranging from 6 to 31 mg/g of polymer for fluoranthene, 15–54 mg/g for phenanthrene, and 6–35 mg/g for pyrene. Regeneration of the absorbing films was achieved by their treatment with acetonitrile. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2299–2305, 2005
Convenient Temporary Methyl Imidate Protection of <i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine and Glycosylation at O-4 (2008)

This paper expands on the scope and utility of the temporary conversion of N-acetyl groups to alkyl imidates when attempting to glycosylate at O-4 of N-acetylglucosamine acceptors. The optimized synthesis of alkyl imidate protected glucosamine acceptors at position 4 and carrying various protecting groups at O-3 is described. These imidates were prepared immediately prior to glycosylation by treating the 4-OH acceptors with 0.5 M MeOTf to obtain the corresponding methyl imidates still carrying a free 4-OH group. When preparing these imidates in diethyl ether as the reaction solvent, we observed the unexpected formation of ethyl imidates in addition to the desired methyl imidates. While the 3-O-allyl acceptors were too unstable to be useful in glycosylation reactions, the 3-O-acylated methyl and ethyl imidates of glucosamine were shown to behave well during the glycosylation of the 4-OH with a variety of reaction conditions and various glycosyl donors. Glycosylation of these acceptors was successfully carried out with perbenzylated beta-thioethyl rhamnopyranoside under MeOTf promotion, while activation of this donor under NIS/TMSOTf or NIS/TfOH proved less successful. In contrast, activation of the less reactive perbenzylated alpha-thioethyl and peracetylated beta-thioethyl rhamnopyranosides with NIS/TfOH led to successful glycosylations of the 4-OH. Activation of a peracetylated rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate by TMSOTf at low temperature also gave a high yield of glycosylation. We also report one-pot glycosylation reactions via alkyl imidate protected acceptor intermediates. In all cases the alkyl imidate products were readily converted to their corresponding N-acetyl derivatives under mild conditions.
Fusion energy using avalanche increased boron reactions for block-ignition by ultrahigh power picosecond laser pulses (2015)

Abstract Exceptionally high reaction gains of hydrogen protons measured with the boron isotope 11 are compared with other fusion reactions. This is leading to the conclusion that secondary avalanche reactions are happening and confirming the results of high-gain, neutron-free, clean, safe, low-cost, and long-term available energy. The essential basis is the unusual non-thermal block-ignition scheme with picosecond laser pulses of extremely high powers above the petawatt range.
The opto-electronic physics that broke the efficiency limit in solar cells (2012)

The internal physics of a solar cell changes as it approaches the fundamental Shockley-Queisser limit. Photonic considerations overtake electronic ones, as an intense internal and external luminescence requires careful photon management. Counter-intuitively, maximizing light extraction increases voltage and therefore efficiency. Until 2010 the one-sun, single-junction efficiency record was set by a GaAs solar cell with an efficiency of 26.4% and an open-circuit voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> = 1.03 V. Alta Devices recently improved the record with a GaAs cell that achieved 28.8% efficiency and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> =1.12V, demonstrating the importance of photon management. Even with the best materials, the highest efficiencies cannot be achieved unless the solar cell is also designed to also be a good light emitting diode (LED). The physics of light extraction will be necessary in the next generation of high-efficiency solar cells.
Site-specific genetic engineering of the<i>Anopheles gambiae</i>Y chromosome (2014)

Despite its function in sex determination and its role in driving genome evolution, the Y chromosome remains poorly understood in most species. Y chromosomes are gene-poor, repeat-rich and largely heterochromatic and therefore represent a difficult target for genetic engineering. The Y chromosome of the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae appears to be involved in sex determination although very little is known about both its structure and function. Here, we characterize a transgenic strain of this mosquito species, obtained by transposon-mediated integration of a transgene construct onto the Y chromosome. Using meganuclease-induced homologous repair we introduce a site-specific recombination signal onto the Y chromosome and show that the resulting docking line can be used for secondary integration. To demonstrate its utility, we study the activity of a germ-line-specific promoter when located on the Y chromosome. We also show that Y-linked fluorescent transgenes allow automated sex separation of this important vector species, providing the means to generate large single-sex populations. Our findings will aid studies of sex chromosome function and enable the development of male-exclusive genetic traits for vector control.
Most expensive election (1910)

Journal Article Most expensive election Get access T. F. D. T. F. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-I, Issue 13, 26 March 1910, Page 258, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-I.13.258e Published: 26 March 1910
Flexible bow-tie antennas (2010)

The Flexible Display Center (FDC) at Arizona State University (ASU) was founded in 2004 as a partnership between academia, industry, and government to collaborate on the development of a new generation of innovative displays and electronic circuits that are flexible, lightweight, low power, and rugged [1]. Due to the increasing need for flexible and lightweight electronic systems, FDC aims to develop materials and structural platforms that allow flexible backplane electronics to be integrated with display components that are economical for mass-production [2]. Currently, FDC is focusing on the incorporation of antenna structures, which can function cooperatively with the other flexible circuit elements. Design of flexible antennas, as a part of flexible electronic circuits, may have a very wide spectrum of applications in military and civilian wireless communication, which can allow people to wear antenna structures instead of carry them. Hence, flexible and fluidic antennas have a great potential [3]. In this paper, the design, fabrication, simulation and measurements of a bow-tie antenna with a flexible substrate is discussed. The antenna is modeled and simulated with Ansoft HFSS, and the simulations are compared with measurements performed in the Electromagnetic Anechoic Chamber (EMAC) at ASU.
Hysteroscopy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. (1987)

From February 1983 to January 1985, we performed outpatient microhysteroscopic examinations on 618 women 45 years of age or older with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Three hundred thirty-four (54%) had normal and functional or hypoatrophic endometrium, 78 (12.6%) had low-risk hyperplasia, 8 (1.3%) had high-risk hyperplasia, and 66 (10.6%) had adenocarcinoma. Correlation with histologic findings revealed the considerable diagnostic accuracy of the technique: its reliability approaches 100% when one deals with endometrial neoplasia, 87.5% with high-risk hyperplasia and 65.2% with low-risk hyperplasia. The diagnosis cannot rely on hysteroscopic examination only. A biopsy can be performed during the examination or immediately thereafter. In 54.1% of AUB patients, no endometrial changes could be detected on hysteroscopy and biopsy. Curettage, therefore, would have resulted in overtreatment of these patients. Moreover, the usefulness of dilatation and curettage in about half of AUB patients over 45 should be questioned seriously.
<title>Robust adaptive digital watermark for still images using hybrid modulation</title> (2001)

A digital watermark is a short sequence of information containing an owner identity or copyright information embedded in a way that is difficult to erase. We present a new oblivious digital watermarking technique for copyright protection of still images. The technique embeds the watermark in a subset of low to mid frequency coefficients. A key is used to randomly select a group of coefficients from that subset for watermark embedding. The original phases of the selected coefficients are removed and the new phases are set in accordance with the embedded watermark. Since the coefficients are selected at random, the powers of the low magnitude coefficients are increased to enhance their immunity against image attacks. To cope with small geometric attacks, a replica of the watermark is embedded by dividing the image into sub-blocks and taking the DCT of these blocks. The watermark is embedded in the DC component of some of these blocks selected in an adaptive way using quantization techniques. A major advantage of this technique is its complete suppression of the noise due to the host image. The robustness of the technique to a number of standard image processing attacks is demonstrated using the criteria of the latest Stirmark benchmark test.
Feed component inhibition in ethanolic fermentation by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1984)

Inhibition by secondary feed components can limit productivity and restrict process options for the production of ethanol by fermentation. New fermentation processes (such as vacuum or extractive fermentation), while selectively removing ethanol, can concentrate nonmetabolized feed components in the remaining broth. Stillage recycle to reduce stillage waste treatment results in the buildup of nonmetabolized feed components. Continuous culture experiments are presented establishing an inhibition order: CaCl(2), (NH(4))(2)xSO(4) > NaCl, NH(4)Cl > KH(2)PO(4) > xylose, MgCl(2) > MgSO(4) > KCl. Reduction of the water activity alone is not an adequate predictor of the variation in inhibitory concentration among the different components tested. As a general trend, specific ethanol productivity increases and cell production decreases as inhibitors are added at higher concentration. We postulate that these results can be interpreted in terms of an increase in energy requirements for cell maintenance under hypertonic (stressed) conditions. Ion and carbohydrate transport and specific toxic effects are reviewed as they relate to the postulated inhibition mechanism. Glycerol production increases under hypertonic conditions and glycerol is postulated to function as a nontoxic osmoregulator. Calcium was the most inhibitory component tested, causing an 80%decline in cell mass production at 0.23 mol Ca(2+)/L and calcium is present at substantial concentration in many carbohydrate sources. For a typical final cane molasses feed, stillage recycle must be limited to less than onethird of the feed rate; otherwise inhibitory effects will be observed.
Interactive lung segmentation in CT scans with severe abnormalities (2010)

Estimation of the volume of the lungs and the viable lung tissue is an important step in the management of patients with severe pulmonary disease. The presence of gross pathology makes it impossible to perform lung segmentation automatically and reliably in CT scans of such patients. An interactive system for lung segmentation is presented, based on precomputed compact regions with homogeneous texture for which general texture feature have been computed. A statistical classifier trained on prior data has classified these regions beforehand and the user corrects any errors until the segmentation of an entire slice is correct. The system proceeds to subsequent slices, which were preclassified using a combined classification strategy that uses both the prior data and the previously approved slices from the test scan. The resulting lung segmentations show a large overlap and a small average boundary distance when compared to completely manual delineations of the lung borders. The lung segmentations can then be used as input for a similar interactive system to determine the viable lung volume.
Shape Estimation of Transparent Objects by Using Polarization Analyses (2006)

Recently, techniques developed in the field of computer graphics and virtual reality have been applied to many environments, with the result that measuring the 3D shapes of real objects has become increasingly important. However, few methods have been proposed to measure the 3D shape of transparent objects such as glass and acrylics. In this paper, we introduce three methods that estimate the surface shape of transparent objects by using polarization analysis. The first method determines the surface shape of a transparent object by using knowledge established in the research field of thermodynamics. The second method determines the surface shape of a transparent object by using knowledge established in the research field of differential geometry. The third method gives an initial value of the surface shape and then determines the true surface shape of a~transparent object by iterative computation. At the end of the paper, we discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of these three methods.
Effect of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim on Neurologic Dysfunction in a Patient With Joseph's Disease (1988)

Joseph's disease, an autosomal dominant, degenerative neurologic disease found in the Portuguese, is clinically manifested by extrapyramidal, pyramidal, and cerebellar dysfunction. A patient with the type II form of the disease reported improvement in gait and lessened spasticity while taking sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) for a noninfectious dysuria syndrome. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Bactrim utilizing a subjective performance scale, physical examination, and six timed tests was performed in this patient. Results revealed lessened spasticity, improvement in walker-assisted gait, and correlative subjective responses. These results suggest an antispasticity effect of Bactrim or one of its components in this patient.
The Design of Sonobuoy Launcher Mk.2, Kilsby's Hole, South Australia (1980)

Sonobuoys, dropped from air-craft for submarine detection, may enter the water at various velocities and angles. They must be tested to determine their water entry behaviour and subsequent development and these tests are eased if it is possible to use clear still water where behaviour above and below the water surface can be observed. To carry out such tests a means of projecting the sonobuoy at the water surface in a variety of attitudes and at a range of speeds is necessary. This paper discusses the design of such a launcher. The test site and associated equipment are briefly reviewed before defining the principles and detailed design of a compressed air powered launcher. The method of carrying and releasing the sonobuoy, accelerating and stopping the carriage are explained. Controls, air conservation, safety and operation aspects are briefly discussed.
Linearization of the control-to-output transfer function for a PWM buck-boost converter (2004)

A new method for linearizing the control-to-output transfer function of a PWM buck-boost converter is presented in this paper. The DC and the small-signal characteristics are derived. A compensating signal relating to the inverse of the nonlinear term appeared in the control-to-output transfer function is produced from the duty ratio, and then fed into the feedback loop. Experimental results show that the linearity is retained between the duty ratio and the output voltage by adopting the proposed feedback scheme.
의식개혁에 장애가 되는 문화적 요인들 : 체면과 동조 (1995)

본 논문에서는 올바른 생각을 가지고 있으면서도 사회적인 압력이나 문화적인 분위기 때문에 생각과는 달리 행동하게 되는 과정을 살펴 보았다. 생각을 행동으로 옮기는 데 방해가 되는 문화적 요인들 가운데, 특히 유교문화권의 행동의도(behavioral intention) 모델에서 신념 및 태도와 함께 행동의도 결정에 중요한 변수로 작용한다고 본 체면유지(face saving) 압력과 집단동조(group conformity) 압력을 중심으로 논의하였다. 체면유지 압력은 유교문화에, 집단동조 압력은 집단주의 문화에 그 뿌리를 두고 있음을 언급한 다음, 호화혼수와 촌지 문제에 관한 대학생들 및 성인들 대상의 조사 자료를 제시하였다. 이 조사에서 밝혀진 점은 (1) 체면과 동조 때문에 생각과는 다른 행동이 나올 수가 있다는 점, 그리고 (2) 호화혼수 문제에서는 동조보다 체면이, 촌지 문제에서는 체면보다 동조가 행동의도 결정에 더 큰 역할을 한다는 점이다. 권위주의적이며 체면을 중요시하는 사람들(예: 구세대 또는 남성)의 의식개혁을 위해서는 지위가 높은 사람이 먼저 시범을 보이고 요구하는 ‘위로부터의 개혁’이 효과적일 것이고, 동조에 약한 사람들(예: 신세대 또는 여성)의 의식개혁을 위해서는 바람직하지 않은 행동에 동조하는 사람들이 손해를 보도록 제도나 법규를 바꿈으로써 사회구조의 변화를 꾀하는 방법이 효과적일 것이라고 제안하였다. 행동으로 이어지는 진정한 의식개혁이 일어나기 위해서는 개개인의 신념 변화와 함께 문화의 바람직하지 못한 측면의 변화가 병행되어야 하는데, 구세대는 전통문화의 바람직하지 못한 가치(예: 권위주의, 비합리적 사고방식, 허례허식)에 얽매이지 말고 외래문화의 바람직한 가치(예: 합리적인 생활태도, 공사의 구분)를 수용할 수 있는 포용력을 보이는 것이 바람직하고, 신세대는 외래문화의 바람직하지 못한 가치(예: 윤리적 타락, 물질주의, 이기주의)에서 벗어나 전통문화의 바람직한 가치(예: 부모에 대한 효성, 상부상조의 정신)에 눈을 들리도록 노력해야 한다고 결론지었다.