gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and validation of a potential lung cancer serum biomarker detected by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight spectra analysis (2003)

Many abnormalities detected in the thorax by routine conventional imaging studies are benign, yet all require further evaluation because of the concern for cancer. To address this deficiency and develop a serum biomarker for lung cancer, we designed a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based platform to display the proteins present in the serum of patients with or without lung cancer, and then challenged the scientific community to analyze these data with the aim of determining specific ion signal differences among the resulting spectra. The most statistically significant ion peak identified by the various analysis algorithms that differentiated the serum of patients with lung cancer from the serum of individuals without lung cancer was found at m/z 11,702. We identified the protein responsible for this ion peak as serum amyloid A (SAA; M(r) = 11,682.7) by partial purification followed by in-gel digestion and peptide mapping. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we showed SAA to be present at 286 ng/mL in the serum of cancer patients vs. 34.1 ng/mL in the serum of individuals without cancer. These data suggest that the combination of MALDI-TOF MS and computer analysis can be a powerful tool in the search for serum biomarkers of lung cancer and other diseases.
Chapitre II. Le pacte de Varsovie en puissance et l’internationalisme (1997)

Le pilier de la doctrine soviétique est le pacte de Varsovie, traité liant à l’origine huit Etats socialistes européens en vue d’instituer entre eux l’amitié, la coopération et l’aide mutuelle. L’objet du traité dépasse donc une simple alliance militaire et c’est ce qui est symboliquement rappelé dans le hall du bâtiment qui, à Moscou, abritait le commandement et l’état-major des Forces armées des Etats membres du traité de Varsovie. Jusqu’à la disparition du Pacte, en 1991, dans ce hall sont...
Nonlinear optical, piezoelectric, and acoustic properties of SrB4O7 (2006)

We have measured the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of an SrB4O7 crystal and have determined its electromechanical coupling coefficients, piezoelectric charge and voltage constants, and bulk acoustic wave velocities by a resonance method using high-Q resonators. In addition, the dielectric permittivity of the crystal has been measured at 1 kHz.
Supporting Quick Response Through Scheduling of Make‐to‐Stock Production/Inventory Systems* (1999)

ABSTRACT Scheduling of traditional job shops in make‐to‐order systems has seen extensive research over the past three decades. In such systems, performance is often related to various job completion metrics such as average flow time, average lateness, etc. This paper examines a scheduling problem in a make‐to‐stock environment where individual job completion measures are irrelevant. In this case, customer orders are satisfied through on‐hand inventory where customer service is more closely related to the manufacturer's ability to quickly satisfy demand. We consider the role of scheduling in reducing inventories and improving customer service in the context of a manufacturer who assembles several different products on a single assembly line. We develop scheduling rules for such a system and experimentally compare their performance to those typically used in such environments. Our results indicate that rules which consider the inventory position and demand forecast outperform traditional fixed cycle rules.
Performance characteristics of high flux haemodiafiltration. (1985)

With the described technique of high diffusive and convective solute transport an almost threefold increase in efficiency over conventional dialysis was clinically demonstrated. Coupled with the better tolerance to high solute and weight removal rates, this approach permits drastic reduction of treatment time, without sacrificing treatment adequacy.
Dual Inhibition of Human Type 4 Phosphodiesterase Isostates by (<i>R</i>*,<i>R</i>*)-(±)-Methyl 3-Acetyl-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3- methyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (1998)

Purified recombinant human type 4 phosphodiesterase B2B (HSPDE4B2B) exists in both a low- and a high-affinity state that bind (R)-rolipram with Kd's of ca. 500 and 1 nM, respectively [Rocque, W. J., Tian, G., Wiseman, J. S., Holmes, W. D., Thompson, I. Z., Willard, D. H., Patel, I. R., Wisely, G. B., Clay, W. C., Kadwell, S. H., Hoffman, C. R., and Luther, M. A. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14250-14261]. Since the tissue distribution of the two isostates may be significantly different, development of inhibitors that effectively inhibit both forms may be advantageous pharmacologically. In this study, enzyme inhibition and binding of HSPDE4B2B by (R, R)-(+/-)-methyl 3-acetyl-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3-methyl-1-pyrrolidin ecarboxylate (1), a novel inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4), were investigated. Binding experiments demonstrated high-affinity binding of 1 to HSPDE4B2B with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Inhibition of PDE activity showed only a single transition with an observed Ki similar to the apparent Kd determined by the binding experiments. Deletional mutants of HSPDE4B2B, which have been shown to bind (R)-rolipram with low affinity, were shown to interact with 1 with high affinity, indistinguishable from the results obtained with the full-length enzyme. Bound 1 was completely displaced by (R)-rolipram, and the displacement showed a biphasic transition that resembles the biphasic inhibition of HSPDE4B2B by (R)-rolipram. Theoretical analysis of the two transitions exemplified in the interaction of (R)-rolipram with HSPDE4B2B indicated that the two isostates were nonexchangeable. Phosphorylation at serines 487 and 489 on HSPDE4B2B had no effect on the stoichiometry of binding, the affinity for binding, or the inhibition of the enzyme by 1. These data further illustrate the presence of two isostates in PDE 4 as shown previously for (R)-rolipram binding and inhibition. In contrast to (R)-rolipram, where only one of the two isostates of PDE 4 binds with high affinity, 1 is a potent, dual inhibitor of both of the isostates of PDE 4. Kinetic and thermodynamic models describing the interactions between the nonexchangeable isostates of PDE 4 and its ligands are discussed.
Assessment of student understanding using on-line discussion groups (2002)

The computer and other technologies (i.e. the Internet, the World Wide Web, and various types of groupware) are currently being aggressively used by many educators as a tool in the learning process. As a result, a critical question has emerged. How can student understanding be effectively assessed when learning occurs using these new technological venues? This paper presents a critical look at how one technology, specifically online discussion groups, can be utilized to assess student understanding. This paper summarizes the results from a pilot study conducted at American University during the spring 1998 semester using an online discussion group with students in an introductory physics class. Finally, the results of a survey given to participating students are presented.
Enhancing Human Capability with Intelligent Machine Teammates (2017)

Every team has top performers -- people who excel at working in a team to find the right solutions in complex, difficult situations. These top performers include nurses who run hospital floors, emergency response teams, air traffic controllers, and factory line supervisors. While they may outperform the most sophisticated optimization and scheduling algorithms, they cannot often tell us how they do it. Similarly, even when a machine can do the job better than most of us, it can't explain how. In this talk I share recent work investigating effective ways to blend the unique decision-making strengths of humans and machines. I discuss the development of computational models that enable machines to efficiently infer the mental state of human teammates and thereby collaborate with people in richer, more flexible ways. Our studies demonstrate statistically significant improvements in people's performance on military, healthcare and manufacturing tasks, when aided by intelligent machine teammates.
Implementation of State Highway Maintenance by a Competitive Pricing Procedure (1992)

The Transit New Zealand Act 1989 required, with some minor exceptions, that from 30 June 1991 no payment may be made by Transit New Zealand (TNZ) unless the price paid had been determined by a competitive pricing procedure (GPP). Construction work had traditionally been implemented by a CPP. This paper describes the procedures put in place and the results of the first round of tenders where CPPs were implemented for all maintenance work including design, supervision and management of the state highway network in New Zealand. The paper also comments on the implementation of CPPs for design and supervision of construction works.
<i>In situ</i> molecular association of dystrophin with actin revealed by sensitized emission immuno-resonance energy transfer (1997)

A novel method was developed to detect molecular associations of dystrophin with actin in cryostat muscle tissue sections by combining resonance energy transfer technology with immunohistochemical techniques. This method takes advantage of the long phosphorescent lifetime of terbium chelates, a property that enables the accurate determination of energy transfer in biological tissues by lifetime measurements of sensitized emission. After a brief excitation pulse, terbium chelates emit for milliseconds after the intrinsically high autofluorescence of biological specimens has decayed to negligible levels. Rat skeletal muscle tissue sections were labeled with both anti-dystrophin monoclonal antibody conjugated to a terbium-based resonance energy transfer donor and anti-actin tetramethylrhodamine phalloidin as an acceptor. Resonance energy transfer between the two probes indicated that the distance separating the probes is within 10 nm (about the size of an IgG2b antibody molecule). The fraction of antibodies that participated in resonance energy transfer was estimated to be 80-90% because of the close agreement between the quenching of donor phosphorescence and the efficiency of resonance energy transfer revealed by lifetime measurements of sensitized emission by tetramethyl-rhodamine phalloidin. Sensitized emission was detectable only when both anti-dystrophin antibody and tetramethyl-rhodamine phalloidin were present. These results indicate that actin and dystrophin are closely associated within the cell. This method is potentially applicable to the investigation of many types of intracellular associations.
Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Red Seaweed <i>Aghardhiella Tenera</i> against Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Enveloped Viruses (1994)

A galactan sulfate (GS) was isolated from an aqueous extract of the red seaweed Aghardhiella tenera and partially purified. GS inhibited the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) in MT-4 cells at concentrations 10-fold higher than those required for the inhibition by dextran sulfate (MW 5000) of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (50% inhibitory concentrations: 0.5 and 0.05 μg ml −1 , respectively). GS suppressed syncytium formation between MOLT-4 cells and persistently HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells at concentrations higher than 5 μg ml −1 . Like dextran sulfate (DS) and aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), GS inhibited the binding of HIV-1 to the cells and the binding of anti-gp120 mAb to HIV-1 gp120. Like DS and ATA, GS proved active not only against HIV-1 and HIV-2 but also against other enveloped viruses, i.e. herpes-, toga-, arena-, myxo- and rhabdoviruses. GS represents a natural polysaccharide with broad-spectrum activity against a number of important viral pathogens.
Temperature Dependence of Sulfide Corrosion Cracking in High Strength Steels (1970)

Hydrogen diffusion in steels is temperature-dependent, and accordingly if incubation period to failure in sulfide corrosion environment were affected by hydrogen diffusion, the incubation period would be also temperature-dependent.In this investigation the temperature dependence of sulfide corrosion cracking in weldable high strength steels, especially of 80 kg/mm2 level, has been studied. Both constant strain method and constant load method were used in this investigation and the time to failure after loading was measured in the temperature range 0°C to 70°C. The results obtained are as follows.1). The susceptibility to sulfide corrosion cracking in high strength steels is temperature-dependent and the incubation period to failure is minimum at about 35°C.2). At temperatures lower than 35°C the relation between the reciprocal of testing temperature and the logarithm of ratio of incubation period to testing temperature is represented by a straight line with a positive incline. Activation energy of cracking calculated from the incline is stress-dependent and activation energy of cracking at no load is estimated at about 27, 000 cal/mol by extrapolating the relation between applied stress and activation energy. This value is markedly high comparing with activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in steel, i. e., about 9, 000 cal/mol.3). The susceptibility to sulfide corrosion cracking in high strength steels is anisotropic: the susceptibility in thickness direction is considerably higher than that in roll direction. It is supposed that the above results from the existence of thin and lamellar non-metallic inclusions extended in roll direction. Segregation of Mn, S, and small amount of Cr and C are recognized in the inclusions4). The incubation period to failure remarkably depends on applied load in roll direction, while in the thickness direction applied load dependence of the incubation period is scarcely recognized.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles - Decision Trees Generation Based on Fault Trees Analysis (2009)

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles<br><br>"Decision Trees Generation Based on Fault Trees Analysis,"<br>by Yongjian Tao, Decun Dong, Peng Ren,<br>in the Proceedings of the 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications, 2009, August 2009, pp. 178-180<br><br>After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.<br><br>This paper contains portions of text from the paper(s) cited below. A credit notice is used, but due to the absence of quotation marks or offset text, copied material is not clearly referenced or specifically identified.<br><br>"Minimal Cut Set/Sequence Generation for Dynamic Fault Trees,"<br>by Zhihua Tang; Dugan, J.B.<br>in the Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Symposium Reliability and Maintainability, Jan. 2004 pp. 207- 213<br><br>"Diagnostic Expert Systems from Dynamic Fault Trees,"<br>by Assaf, T., Dugan, J.B.<br>in the Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Symposium Reliability and Maintainability, Jan. 2004, pp. 444- 450<br><br> <br/> This paper proposes a fault tree analysis method to generate diagnostic decision trees. All minimal cut sets, their occurrence probabilities and components' diagnosis importance factors are determined via fault tree analysis used for system reliability. Minimal cut sets represent minimal sets of component failures that cause a system failure, so the diagnostic sequence of minimal cut sets should be first assigned. Minimal cut sets with larger occurrence probabilities are diagnosed first. The order by which components within each minimal cut set are depend on the diagnostic importance factor ordering; components of larger diagnosis importance factor are checked first. Moreover, if the component which has the largest diagnosis importance factor within the minimal cut set being checked is failed, the minimal cut sets including it are also diagnosed first. According to diagnostic sequence of system components, a diagnostic decision tree can be generated. This method avoids deficiency caused by the diagnostic sequence which is merely determined by the diagnosis importance factors of components, regardless of occurrence probabilities of minimal cut sets. This paper presents an example to demonstrate efficiency of this method.
Automated precision measurement of surface profile in CAD-directed inspection (1992)

The authors present an optimal match scheme that aligns the measurement data with the design data in CAD-directed dimensional inspection. The principle of this scheme is to determine the actual measured points on the nominal surface by minimizing the sum of the squared distances of the measurement data from the surface with respect to the parameters of a rigid body transformation. Its computational efficiency and robustness against singularity are discussed. Two applications are examined. The first is determining the design coordinate system with respect to a machine coordinate system. The second is comparative analysis for precision measurement. For determining the design coordinate system, a sensitivity measure is proposed and confirmed experimentally. For error comparative analysis, a statistical model is developed to determine the minimum number of required measurement points so that the sampled points can closely represent the entire population.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Browsing on small screens (2006)

Fitting enough information from webpages to make browsing on small screens compelling is a challenging task. One approach is to present the user with a thumbnail image of the full web page and allow the user to simply press a single key to zoom into a region (which may then be transcoded into wml/xhtml, summarized, etc). However, if regions for zooming are presented naively, this yields a frustrating experience because of the number of coherent regions, sentences, images, and words that may be inadvertently separated. Here, we cast the web page segmentation problem into a machine learning framework, where we re-examine this task through the lens of entropy reduction and decision tree learning. This yields an efficient and effective page segmentation algorithm. We demonstrate how simple techniques from computer vision can be used to fine-tune the results. The resulting segmentation keeps coherent regions together when tested on a broad set of complex webpages.
An fMRI Version of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test Reveals Multiple Color-selective Areas in Human Ventral Occipitotemporal Cortex (1999)

Studies of patients with cerebral achromatopsia have suggested that ventral occipitotemporal cortex is important for color perception. We created a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) version of a clinical test commonly used to assess achromatopsia, the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. The test required normal subjects to use color information in the visual stimulus to perform a color sequencing task. A modification of the test requiring ordering by luminance was used as a control task. Subjects were also imaged as they passively viewed colored stimuli. A limited number of areas responded more to chromatic than achromatic stimulation, including primary visual cortex. Most color-selective activity was concentrated in ventral occipitotemporal cortex. Several areas in ventral cortex were identified. The most posterior, located in posterior fusiform gyrus, corresponded to the area activated by passive viewing of colored stimuli. More anterior and medial color-selective areas were located in the collateral sulcus and fusiform gyrus. These more anterior areas were not identified in previous imaging studies which used passive viewing of colored stimuli, and were most active in our study when visual color information was behaviorally relevant, suggesting that attention influences activity in color-selective areas. The fMRI version of the Farnsworth-Munsell test may be useful in the study of achromatopsia.
Cyclic .beta.-Casomorphin Analogs with Mixed .mu. Agonist/.delta. Antagonist Properties: Synthesis, Pharmacological Characterization, and Conformational Aspects (1994)

Analogues of the potent and moderately mu-opioid-receptor-selective cyclic beta-casomorphin-5 derivative H-Tyr-c[-D-Orn-Phe-D-Pro-Gly-] (2) were prepared by conventional solution synthesis. Replacement of the Phe3 residue by 2-naphthylalanine (2-Nal) led to a peptide (4) with high affinity for both mu and delta opioid receptors. This compound turned out to be an agonist in the mu-receptor-representative guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay but a moderately potent antagonist against various delta agonists in the delta-receptor-representative mouse vas deferens (MVD) assay. It thus represents the first known cyclic opioid peptide analogue with mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist properties. Interestingly, replacement of 2-Nal3 in compound 4 with 1-naphthylalanine (1-Nal) resulted in an analogue (5) showing high affinity for mu receptors and a full agonist effect in the MVD assay that was mediated by both mu and delta receptors. Substitution of Trp for Phe3 in 2 (compound 8) was well tolerated at both receptors and led to an analogue with agonist activity in both the GPI and MVD assays. Variation of the peptide ring size in 4 was achieved by substitution of D-Orn2 with D-Lys (compound 6) or D-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (compound 7). Analogue 6 was also a mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist with somewhat lower potency than 4, whereas compound 7 displayed mu agonist and partial delta agonist properties. Further reduction of the peptide ring size, as achieved by deletion of the Gly5 residue, produced a compound (9) which was a full agonist in both bioassays. Conformational analysis of analogues 2, 4, and 5 by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics studies suggested that the overall conformation of parent compound 2 and the 2-Nal-containing peptide 4 was similar, while the side-chain orientation of 1-Nal in peptide 5 was different. These results suggest that the delta antagonist properties of analogue 4 may not be due to a difference in its overall conformation as compared to the agonist 2 but may be a direct effect of the 2-naphthyl moiety per se preventing proper alignment of the peptide for receptor activation.
HIV-Infected Dendritic Cells Present Endogenous MHC Class II–Restricted Antigens to HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cells (2016)

It is widely assumed that CD4(+) T cells recognize antigenic peptides (epitopes) derived solely from incoming, exogenous, viral particles or proteins. However, alternative sources of MHC class II (MHC-II)-restricted Ags have been described, in particular epitopes derived from newly synthesized proteins (so-called endogenous). In this study, we show that HIV-infected dendritic cells (DC) present MHC-II-restricted endogenous viral Ags to HIV-specific (HS) CD4(+) T cells. This endogenous pathway functions independently of the exogenous route for HIV Ag presentation and offers a distinct possibility for the immune system to activate HS CD4(+) T cells. We examined the implication of autophagy, which plays a crucial role in endogenous viral Ag presentation and thymic selection of CD4(+) T cells, in HIV endogenous presentation. We show that infected DC do not use autophagy to process MHC-II-restricted HIV Ags. This is unlikely to correspond to a viral escape from autophagic degradation, as infecting DC with Nef- or Env-deficient HIV strains did not impact HS T cell activation. However, we demonstrate that, in DC, specific targeting of HIV Ags to autophagosomes using a microtubule-associated protein L chain 3 (LC3) fusion protein effectively enhances and broadens HS CD4(+) T cell responses, thus favoring an endogenous MHC-II-restricted presentation. In summary, in DC, multiple endogenous presentation pathways lead to the activation of HS CD4(+) T cell responses. These findings will help in designing novel strategies to activate HS CD4(+) T cells that are required for CTL activation/maintenance and B cell maturation.