gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multithreading-Enabled Active Replication for Event Stream Processing Operators (2009)

Event stream processing (ESP) systems are very popular in monitoring applications. Algorithmic trading, network monitoring and sensor networks are good examples of applications that rely upon ESP systems. As these systems become larger and more widely deployed, they have to answer increasingly stronger requirements that are often difficult to satisfy. Fault-tolerance is a good example of such a non-trivial requirement. Making ESP operators fault-tolerant can add considerable performance overhead to the application. In this paper, we focus on active replication as an approach to provide fault-tolerance to ESP operators. More precisely, we address the performance costs of active replication for operators in distributed ESP applications.We use a speculation mechanism based on software transactional memory (STM) to achieve the following goals: (i) enable replicas to make progress using optimistic delivery; (ii) enable early forwarding of speculative computation results; (iii) enable active replication of multi-threaded operators using transactional executions. Experimental evaluation shows that, using this combination of mechanisms, one can implement highly efficient fault-tolerant ESP operators.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Individual Au Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Dimer Substrates (2005)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities for individual Au nanospheres, nanoshells, and nanosphere and nanoshell dimers coated with nonresonant molecules are measured, where the precise nanoscale geometry of each monomer and dimer is identified through in situ atomic force microscopy. The observed intensities correlate with the integrated quartic local electromagnetic field calculated for each specific nanostructure geometry. In this study, we find that suitably fabricated nanoshells can provide SERS enhancements comparable to nanosphere dimers.
Assessing the Chemical Speciation during CO<sub>2</sub> Absorption by Aqueous Amines Using <i>in Situ</i> FTIR (2012)

During amine scrubbing of CO2 from flue gas, carbamate and bicarbonate species are formed, the amount of which is directly related to the process performance. In this study we present a fast calibration-free spectroscopic technique for determining the speciation of CO2–H2O–alkanolamine systems and in turn the amine protonation and carbamate thermodynamic equilibrium constants. The method is based on in situ infrared monitoring of the liquid phase during CO2 absorption by an aqueous amine solution in a stirred vessel, combined with mathematical hard modeling of the reaction mechanism. The species concentrations are calculated by fitting of a thermodynamic model to multivariate spectroscopic measurements using nonlinear regression. Successful applications include the determination of the amine protonation and carbamate equilibrium constants of one primary (MEA), one secondary (DEA), and one sterically hindered primary (AMP) amine at 40 °C.
UPnP AV Transport Service Using the Add-in System (2009)

Recently, variety specifications have been developed using universal plug and play technology. UPnP technologies allow home application controlling and sharing. People can now play or share media anytime they want and anywhere they are, if network-connected. In addition, digital living network alliance has developed this home networking theme. But many people feel inconvenienced with UPnP applications, such as UPnP control-point and UPnP Server. They are very complicated for users. If users try to play other devices(UPnP Server) files, it will take 5~6 steps of mandatory clicks or selections for them to do so. We focused on removing these inconveniences associated with UPnP applications user interfaces through developing a new concept. We simply called it add-in System. Our system provides UPnP A/V transport services through an embedded legacy media player such as, window media player, real-player. When users play media file in legacy media players, they can share media files through UPnP devices. Through our add-in system, users have no need to know about UPnP service scenarios or service steps. If users want to share media files, just one selection step is needed in our add-in system.
Infrared Spectrum of Hydrogen Fluoride: Line Positions and Line Shapes Part II Treatment of Data and Results* (1962)

The spectrometer and experimental methods described in a companion paper were used to measure the center frequencies of some absorption lines in the HF fundamental and first-overtone bands and to measure the pressure-broadened shapes of some lines in the fundamental. The centers of both bands were calculated, and strongly J-dependent, pressure-induced line center shifts were measured for the fundamental. A method for correcting the measured shape of a spectral line for the effects of instrumental broadening in order to obtain the “true shape” is explained. It was possible to obtain the true shape of lines whose pressure broadened half-width was as small (0.03 cm−1) as several times the Doppler half-width.It was found that the true line shape could be represented quite satisfactorily by a modified form of the Lorentz expression, i.e., α=α0(Δν)2[|ν−ν0|η+(Δν)2]−1. For spectral lines whose half-width at one-half the maximum percent absorptance was less than 2.25 cm−1, η=2 gave good agreement between the true shape and that predicted by the Lorentz expression. If this width was greater than 3 cm−1 then η=1.85 allowed the best fit to the true line shape. No pressure dependence of η could be measured in the range of pressures used (0–5 atm).
Correction of lens-distortion for real-time image processing systems (2002)

The authors present the design of a real-time imaging system, incorporating the correction of lens-distorted images. It may be used in medical applications (e.g. real-time X-ray image intensifiers), industrial robot vision products or consumer electronics. The system contains two different VLSI-circuits: a transformer and an interpolator. The transformer calculates an address that points to a pixel in the input image. Since this address hardly ever is an exact pixel position, a cube-spline interpolator is used to calculate the pixel-intensity at the desired position.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man. (1976)

Previous work from this laboratory has suggested that the plasma amino acid pattern, known to be deranged in hepatic encephalopathy, may be related causally. In order to test this hypothesis, 23% dextrose and a special amino acid solution whose components were calculated to normalize the plasma amino acid pattern were infused in 11 patients, eight with chronic cirrhosis and acute exacerbation (Group 1) and three patients with fulminant hepatitis (Group 2), in amounts of up to 120 Gm. of protein equivalent per 24 hours. Plasma amino acids were abnormal but different in both groups. In Group 1 (cirrhosis) changes in plasma amino acid pattern including elevated phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate, aspartate, and methionine and decreased valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In Group 2 all amino acids were elevated, with the exception of the branched chains which were normal. Hepatic encephalopathy improved in all patients in Group 1 and in one of three patients in Group 2 following the infusion. The ratio (see article) showed an excellent correlation with a grade of encephalopathy. When this ratio, previously 1.0 in the presence of encephalopathy, returned to the normal value near 3.0 to 3.5, encephalopathy improved. An excellent correlation was obtained between the ratio and the grade of encephalopathy and was dose related as well. The results suggest that different amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiologies require treatment modalities which may differ for the two types of encephalopathy. Whereas amino acid infusion appears to be a valuable, efficacious way of providing nutrition in treating hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and acute deterioration and coma, other means of therapy such as plasms "laundering" appear to be necessary in patients with fulminant hepatitis.
Position Tracking for Passive UHF RFID Tags with the Aid of a Scanned Array (2013)

Thanks to the proliferation of radio frequency identification systems (RFID), applications have emerged concerning positioning techniques for inexpensive passive RFID tags. The most accurate approaches for tracking the tag’s position, deliver precision in the order of 20 cm over a range of a few meters and require moving parts in a predefined pattern (mechanical antenna steering), which limits their application. Herein, we introduce an RFID tag positioning system that utilizes an active electronically-steered array, based on the principles of modern radar systems. We thoroughly examine and present the main attributes of the system with the aid of an finite element method simulation model and investigate the system performance with far-field tests. The demonstrated positioning precision of 1.5°, which translates to under 1 cm laterally for a range of a few meters can be helpful in applications like mobile robot localization and the automated handling of packaged goods.
Inhibitors of 20-HETE Formation Promote Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Rats (2003)

This study examined whether chronic blockade of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and/or 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) formation promotes development of salt-sensitive hypertension. Changes in blood pressure, renal cytochrome P450 metabolism of arachidonic acid, and 20-HETE excretion in response to a high salt diet were measured in rats chronically treated with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT, 50 mg/kg per day) to block EETs and 20-HETE formation or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2 methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016, 10 mg/kg per day) that selectively reduces 20-HETE formation. ABT reduced blood pressure in rats fed a low salt (0.4% NaCl) diet, but blood pressure rose by 20 mm Hg after these rats were switched to a high salt (8% NaCl) diet for 10 days. HET0016 had no effect on blood pressure in rats fed a low salt diet; however, blood pressure rose by 18 mm Hg after the rats were fed a high salt diet. 20-HETE formation in kidney homogenates rose by 30% and epoxygenase activity doubled when rats were fed a high salt diet. Chronic treatment with ABT and HET0016 inhibited the renal formation of 20-HETE by approximately 90%. Renal epoxygenase activity decreased by 76% in ABT-treated rats and was not significantly altered in rats treated with HET0016. 20-HETE excretion rose from 470+/-21 to 570+/-41 ng/d when the rats were switched from the low to the high salt diet. 20-HETE excretion fell by 68% and 85% in rats that were chronically treated with ABT and HET0016. These results suggest that chronic blockade of the formation of 20-HETE promotes the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in rats.
Training Deep Learning Based Denoisers without Ground Truth Data (2018)

Recently developed deep-learning-based denoisers often outperform state-of-the-art conventional denoisers such as the BM3D. They are typically trained to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the output image of a deep neural network (DNN) and a ground truth image. Thus, it is important for deep-learning-based denoisers to use high quality noiseless ground truth data for high performance. However, it is often challenging or even infeasible to obtain noiseless images in some applications. Here, we propose a method based on Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE) for training DNN denoisers based only on the use of noisy images in the training data with Gaussian noise. We demonstrate that our SURE-based method, without the use of ground truth data, is able to train DNN denoisers to yield performances close to those networks trained with ground truth for both grayscale and color images. We also propose a SURE-based refining method with a noisy test image for further performance improvement. Our quick refining method outperformed conventional BM3D, deep image prior, and often the networks trained with ground truth. Potential extension of our SURE-based methods to Poisson noise model was also investigated.
Precision measurements of the temperature dependence of λ in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6.95</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Strong evidence for nodes in the gap function (1993)

A miniature superconducting resonator operating at 1.3 K and 900 MHz has been used to measure the change in \ensuremath{\lambda}(T) from 1.3 K to ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in very high quality single crystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.95}$. The data, which have a resolution of 1-2 \AA{}, show a strong linear term extending from approximately 3 to 25 K. We believe the strong linear dependence to be characteristic of the pure system and that its apparent absence in thin films and some crystals is due to the presence of defects.
Characterization of<i>drr1</i>, an Alkamide-Resistant Mutant of Arabidopsis, Reveals an Important Role for Small Lipid Amides in Lateral Root Development and Plant Senescence (2010)

Alkamides belong to a class of small lipid signals of wide distribution in plants, which are structurally related to the bacterial quorum-sensing signals N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings display a number of root developmental responses to alkamides, including primary root growth inhibition and greater formation of lateral roots. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms by which these compounds alter plant development, we performed a mutant screen for identifying Arabidopsis mutants that fail to inhibit primary root growth when grown under a high concentration of N-isobutyl decanamide. A recessive N-isobutyl decanamide-resistant mutant (decanamide resistant root [drr1]) was isolated because of its continued primary root growth and reduced lateral root formation in response to this alkamide. Detailed characterization of lateral root primordia development in the wild type and drr1 mutants revealed that DRR1 is required at an early stage of pericycle cell activation to form lateral root primordia in response to both N-isobutyl decanamide and N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, a highly active bacterial quorum-sensing signal. Exogenously supplied auxin similarly inhibited primary root growth and promoted lateral root formation in wild-type and drr1 seedlings, suggesting that alkamides and auxin act by different mechanisms to alter root system architecture. When grown both in vitro and in soil, drr1 mutants showed dramatically increased longevity and reduced hormone- and age-dependent senescence, which were related to reduced lateral root formation when exposed to stimulatory concentrations of jasmonic acid. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence indicating that alkamides and N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones can be perceived by plants to modulate root architecture and senescence-related processes possibly by interacting with jasmonic acid signaling.
Structural Study of R-Phase in Ti-50.23 at.%Ni and Ti-47.75 at.%Ni-1.50 at.%Fe Alloys (1997)

The crystal structure of the R-phase was determined by combined use of the electron diffraction and the powder X-ray diffraction method. The Rietveld method was applied for the analysis of the powder diffraction data. The structure of the R-phase belongs to the space group P3 and is similar to that of ζ′2 Au–Cd martensite. The deviations of the atomic coordinates from the mirror plane of the P\bar31m are smaller than that of ζ′2 Au–Cd. The convergent beam electron diffraction patterns were also observed and discussed with the results.
Clinical and angiographic outcome of elective stent implantation in small coronary vessels: an analysis of the BENESTENT trial. (1996)

We examined the influence of vessel size using an intention-to-treat approach in 259 patients who underwent stent implantation and in 257 patients who underwent balloon angioplasty alone in the BENESTENT trial. In the stented population, smaller vessel size was associated with a higher stent:vessel ratio, a greater relative gain and a greater subsequent loss index, and a higher risk of adverse cardiac events. In the balloon angioplasty population small vessel size conveyed an increased requirement for revascularization but did not increase the risk of procedural failure or myocardial infarction during follow-up. Logistic regression indicated that decreasing vessel size (as a continous variable) was associated with an increasing risk of a cardiac event for both the stent and balloon angioplasty populations.
Epidemiology of Chronic Pain with Psychological Comorbidity: Prevalence, Risk, Course, and Prognosis (2008)

In assessment of chronic pain, the evidence from epidemiologic studies makes it clear that chronic pain can best be understood in the context of psychosocial factors.
Storage Tank Protection Using Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (2006)

Research and fieldwork show that vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VpCIs) can be used to protect the bottoms of aboveground storage tanks. The performance of VpCIs in these applications was confirmed by several corrosion and electrochemical methods. Their use in conjunction with cathodic protection is also discussed.
Adding to the spectrum of insulin sensitive populations for mixed meal tolerance test glucose reliability assessment (2016)

As a measure of insulin sensitivity, the mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) is a simple technique that can provide robust results. The assay consists of examining plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide prior to and following the consumption of a test meal. While this procedure has been used in clinical research for several years, there is no set standard protocol, and only until recently has the reliability of this assay been thoroughly evaluated in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes subjects. Interestingly, the results from this recent study demonstrated stronger MMTT reliability for the prediabetes and diabetes cohorts compared to obese controls. This finding suggests that the obese control group may have more inherent variability in glucose response during a meal challenge likely due to compensatory influences typically observed in non-diabetic insulin-resistant subjects. Furthermore, this study raises the question whether the MMTT assay is reliable in a non-obese cohort. Therefore, to promote the standardization of this technique and contribute to the band of insulin sensitive populations, we employed the same methodology and test meal as the reference study to evaluate the MMTT reliability in healthy and overweight men. Indeed, the interclass coefficient revealed high glucose response repeatability during the MMTT in insulin-sensitive men. Overall, the MMTT is a reliable test across a range of insulin sensitivity including healthy men. However, we propose further investigation may be required to fully define the utility of this methodology in obese non-diabetic insulin-resistant populations.
A novel hierarchical channel state information measurement and feedback scheme in massive MIMO systems (2016)

Massive multiple-input-multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) is recognized as a promising technology to improve the system spectral efficiency by exploiting the massive degrees of freedom in spatial domain. However, in Massive MIMO systems, accurate channel state information (CSI) is required at transmitter, which corresponds to huge overhead of CSI measurement and feedback. In this paper, we propose a novel CSI measurement and feedback scheme to reduce the overhead in massive MIMO systems. Specifically, we propose a hierarchical CSI measurement and feedback scheme, which is comprised of two stages. At the first stage, partial CSI is measured and fed back to the transmitter. At the second stage, with the partial CSI, precoded CSI is measured and fed back. With the proposed scheme, the overhead of both CSI measurement and feedback can be significantly reduced. In addition, the analyses of CSI overhead and CSI distortion of the proposed scheme are also provided and verified by the numerical results.
Tagging the Untaggable: A Difluoroalkyl-Sulfinate Ketone-Based Reagent for Direct C–H Functionalization of Bioactive Heteroarenes (2016)

We have developed a new difluoroalkyl ketal sulfinate salt reagent suitable for direct derivatization of heteroarene C-H bonds. The reagent is capable of introducing a ketone functional group on heteroarene bioactive compounds via a one-pot reaction. Remarkably, in three examples the ketone analog and its parent drug had almost identical cytotoxicity. In a representative example, the ketone analog was bioconjugated with a delivery vehicle via an acid-labile semicarbazone linkage and with a photolabile protecting group to produce the corresponding prodrug. Controlled release of the drug-ketone analog was demonstrated in vitro for both systems. This study provides a general approach to obtain taggable ketone analogs directly from bioactive heteroarene compounds with limited options for conjugation. We anticipate that this sodium ketal-sulfinate reagent will be useful for derivatization of other heteroarene-based drugs to obtain ketone-taggable analogs with retained efficacy.
Management of Patients with Type II Diabetes Residing at a Homeless Shelter: A Series of Case Reports. (2012)

Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) may be inadequate for residents of a homeless shelter due to a lack of services. Our purpose was to describe a novel program for the management of patients with type II diabetes residing at a homeless shelter and provide examples of how the program served clients who attended. The program included screening and provided a multidisciplinary approach focusing on education. Participants were encouraged to attend four 90-minute sessions each month (one each week): 1- a general diabetes education session, 2- an exercise workshop, 3- a foot clinic and 4- a counseling session. The education session was led jointly by physical therapists and dietician interns, the foot and exercise clinics by physical therapists and the counseling session by a psychologist. Three patient cases are presented and outcomes for these patients varied from poor to good with cases highlighting issues unique to this population. In general, clients experienced difficulty incorporating lifestyle modifications because of a lack of regular, secure housing and inadequate social and community support. Unique challenges make management of DM-2 for residents of a homeless shelter difficult, but a coordinated program that includes screening, a cognitive-behavioral component and engages participants may foster increased compliance for this population.