gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast and unilateral monolithic switch for analog signals (1978)

This correspondence deals with a monolithic switch circuit for voltage-type analog signals. The circuit constitutes a unilateral, impedance buffering changeover switch, which is capable of fast signal switching (10 ns changeover time) and can handle wide-spectrum signals (dc-100 MHz). The switch introduces only a small offset (<1 mV) and causes only small (<50 mV), short lasting (<50 ns) switching spikes.
The physicochemical properties, in vitro binding capacities and in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity of soluble dietary fiber extracted from soy hulls (2016)

Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) have earned a healthy reputation due to their distinguished physiological functions. In this study, SDF was efficiently extracted from soy hulls using a phosphate-assisted subcritical water extraction method. The physicochemical properties, in vitro binding capacities and in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity of soy hull soluble dietary fiber (SHSDF) were evaluated. The results indicated that the major component of SHSDF was pectic polysaccharides, and with comparison to commercial oat β-glucan, SHSDF had favorable solubility, viscosity, water-holding ability (5.26 g water per g sample), and oil holding capacity (4.83 g oil per g sample). It also possessed good in vitro cholesterol-binding capacity (6.18 mg g<sup>-1</sup> sample at pH 2 and 7.62 mg g<sup>-1</sup> sample at pH 7), bile acid-binding capacity (3.3, 1.73 and 6.65 μM of GCA, GCDCA and GDCA per 100 mg of sample), glucose dialysis retardation index (64.76%), and in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity (16.88% and 35.28% reduction in serum total cholesterol and LDL level in rats, respectively). These data suggest that SHSDF has great potential in food applications, especially in the development of functional food ingredients.
Coupling of an Iridium Vinylidene Complex with Aluminum Alkyls; Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation via Migratory Insertion of a Vinylidene Unit (1990)

A conversion of the vinylidene ligand into a 1-alkylvinyl ligand is possible by addition of trialkylaluminum to the vinylideneiridium complex 1, which leads to the AIR2-bridged complex 2. Prerequisite for this reaction is the coordinatively unsaturated metal center in 1 (R = Me, Et).
Chemical Interactions of Aluminum-Citrate Solutions with Formation Minerals (1983)

Abstract In order to test the effectiveness of complexing agents for in-depth cross-linking and mobility control in polymer and waterfloods, we investigated the transport of aluminum citrate solutions in sandstone and limestone cores. The study was prompted by experimental observations indicating that crosslinking attempts cause plugging of the inlet end of core sections unless special precautions were observed. The plugging was caused by poor transport of the aluminum citrate solutions, which, in turn, was caused by precipitation of aluminum hydroxide in limestone cores, and of both aluminum and ferric hydroxide in sandstone cores. The formation of these precipitates, and the poor transport of the aluminum citrate solution was confirmed experimentally and modeled quantitatively by a geochemical flow simulator. We then used the flow simulator to design injected solutions that would avoid precipitation, generally by raising the injected pH and by using a larger citrate to aluminum ratio. By using these solutions the precipitation could be avoided, and the aluminum citrate could be transported in an unretarded fashion. Polymer cross-linking treatments using solutions designed to eliminate precipitation generally showed more uniform mobility reduction, and an absence of the plugging observed in the first set of flow experiments.
Separation of Monosulfated Bile Acids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1980)

Abstract Separation of 3-, 7- and 12-monosulfates of cholate, chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, lithocholate and ursodeoxycholate and their glyco- and tauro-conjugates by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column has been carried out. Effects of pH and salt concentration of a mobile phase on the k' value of sulfated bile acids were investigated with the μBondapak C18 and ODS SC-02 columns. The 3-sulfated bile acids were efficiently separated on ODS SC-02 using three aqueous ammonium carbonate/acetonitrile systems. The chromatographic behaviors of 7-and 12-sulfated bile acids are also briefly discussed.
Crystal Structure of the Anticoagulant Slow Form of Thrombin (2002)

Using the thrombin mutant R77aA devoid of the site of autoproteolytic degradation at exosite I, we have solved for the first time the structure of thrombin free of any inhibitors and effector molecules and stabilized in the Na(+)-free slow form. The slow form shows subtle differences compared with the currently available structures of the Na(+)-bound fast form that carry inhibitors at the active site or exosite I. The most notable differences are the displacement of Asp-189 in the S1 specificity pocket, a downward shift of the 190-193 strand, a rearrangement of the side chain of Glu-192, and a significant shift in the position of the catalytic Ser-195 that is no longer within H-bonding distance from His-57. The structure of the slow form explains the reduced specificity toward synthetic and natural substrates and suggests a molecular basis for its anticoagulant properties.
Detailed dynamics of a complex photochemical reaction: <i>Cis–trans</i> photoisomerization of stilbene (2003)

Detailed simulations are reported for the dynamics of electrons and nuclei during the cis to trans photoisomerization of stilbene. Our method, which employs a semiclassical description of both the nuclear motion and the radiation field, is described in the text. After excitation of electrons from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) by a femtosecond-scale laser pulse, two principal avoided crossings are observed between the HOMO and LUMO levels, each of which leads to substantial depopulation of the LUMO. Based on our results and those of other groups, we propose that the first such HOMO–LUMO coupling can lead to the formation of 4a,4b-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP). The second coupling, on the other hand, leads to the formation of trans-stilbene. It is found that pyramidalization of the two carbon atoms of the vinyl group is involved significantly in both couplings, and that rotation of the two phenyl rings, together with their interaction, plays an important role in the first coupling. The occurrence along the same trajectory of two couplings, one leading to DHP and the other leading to isomerization, is a significant observation, and one which indicates that further theoretical and experimental investigations would be of considerable interest.
Proline Accumulation and Salt-Stress-Induced Gene Expression in a Salt-Hypersensitive Mutant of Arabidopsis (1997)

The sos1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is more than 20 times more sensitive to NaCl stress than wild type Arabidopsis. Because proline (Pro) is generally thought to have an important role in plant salt tolerance, the sos1 mutant and the wild type were compared with respect to their capacity to accumulate Pro under NaCl stress, and sos1 mutant plants accumulated more Pro than wild-type. The P5CS gene, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in Pro biosynthesis, is induced by salt stress to a higher level in sos1 than in the wild type. Although a defective high-affinity K uptake system in sos1 causes K deficiency and inhibits growth in NaCl-treated plants, this decrease is not a sufficient signal for Pro accumulation and P5CS gene expression. Not all salt-stress-induced genes have a higher level of expression in sos1. The expression levels of AtPLC and RD29A, which encode a phospholipase C homolog and a putative protective protein, respectively, are the same in sos1 as in the wild type. However, the expression of AtMYB, which encodes a putative transcriptional factor, is induced to a much higher level by salt stress in sos1. Thus, the SOS1 gene product serves as a negative regulator for the expression of P5CS and AtMYB, but has no effect on AtPLC and RD29A expression.
In Situ Spectroscopy in Ocean and Lake Waters* (1965)

In situ experimental measurements over the wavelength range 400–700 nm have been made in Crater Lake and in Pacific coastal water to reveal their inherent absorption spectra. The measurements are reported as the ratio of the radiance observed in a horizontal direction underwater to the irradiance falling on the surface of the water and, as such, are independent of the spectral properties of the source of flux as well as those of the detector. The instrument used is discussed briefly and a short theoretical analysis is given to illustrate the effect of changes in absorption and scattering on the ratios obtained.
Nomenclature: protease, proteinase and peptidase (1986)

proteinase' have historical precedence, and are satisfactory when used correctly.
Defibrillation Efficacy Using High‐Frequency Switching to Proportion Current Among Simultaneous Shock Pathways (1997)

Shocks with most current proportioned to the B-pathway had lower defibrillation currents than nonproportioned shocks using both pathways. Thus, defibrillation efficacy was changed by HF proportioning without changing the electrodes or shock waveform. These findings suggest that HF proportioning may be a method to improve defibrillation.
State-wide Tissue Survey Shows Alfalfa Deficient in Phosphorus and Magnesium (1980)

Forage samples of alfalfa obtained during 1979 in the Tucson and Mesa areas were found to contain deficiency levels of the nutrients P and Mg; levels that were too low to sustain rapid growth and maximum yield. These tissues were below the sufficiency levels of 0.30% dry weight for P and 0.35% dry weight for Mg. Phosphorus is an important plant nutrient because it is a part of many of the energytransferring compounds involved in basic metabolic processes. It also stimulates early growth and root formation, hastens maturity, and promotes seed production. On the other hand, Mg is the central element in the chlorophyll molecule and a deficiency of Mg will restrict photosynthesis. It also is thought to aid in the translocation of carbohydrates within the plant, to be essential for the formation of fats and oils, to aid in the absorption and translocation of P in the plant, and to be essential in the activation of a number of enzymes. Magnesium is considered to be involved in the structural maintenance of ribosomes in the cells; small bodies essential for protein synthesis.
Design and selection of materialized views in a data warehousing environment (1999)

In this paper, we describe the design of a data warehousing system for an engineering company 'R'. A cost model was developed for this system to enable the evaluation of the total costs and benefits involved in selecting each materialized view. Using the cost analysis methodology for evaluation, an adapted greedy algorithm has been implemented for the selection of materialized views. The algorithm and cost model were applied to a set of real-life database items extracted from company 'R'. By selecting the most cost effective set of materialized summary views, the total of the maintenance, storage and query costs of the system is optimized, thereby resulting in an efficient data warehousing system.
Activated γδ T cells express the natural cytotoxicity receptor natural killer p44 and show cytotoxic activity against myeloma cells (2006)

gammadelta T cells account for up to 10% of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. They can be activated by cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 and IL-15, express natural killer (NK) cell markers such as NKG2D and show cytotoxic activity against several tumour cells, including multiple myeloma. Here, we present activated polyclonal gammadelta T cells from healthy donors with an NK T cell-like phenotype expressing the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44. Natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 have been regarded as specific NK receptors; only two gammadelta T cell clones described so far expressed NKp 44. Isolated polyclonal gammadelta T cells cultured for 7 days according to the cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) protocol with additional IL-15 revealed a surface expression of NKp44 of 8+/-7% (n=22). This could be confirmed by detection of NKp 44 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). gammadelta T cells exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity against myeloma cells, which could be reduced by inhibition of NKp44. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the expression of NKp44 on polyclonal gammadelta T cells.
Health profiles in 5836 long‐term cancer survivors (2003)

Increasingly, prolonged survival follows the diagnosis of cancer. Cancer therapies result in complex and lasting health effects that create unique health-care needs for the survivors but are poorly understood (especially in survivors of adult cancers). Cancer survivors were asked to respond to a mailed health survey and provide medical and social information pertaining to their cancer experience. Information about demographics and perceived disease-related medical problems was analyzed. We analyzed the response of 5,836 survivors of adult cancers. Two-thirds of the responses came from women, and the response rate was 51% in both sexes. The mean interval since cancer diagnosis was 18.0 +/- 8.5 years. Younger survivors and men were more likely to report that cancer had affected their health. The health effect most commonly reported by survivors was arthritis/osteoporosis (26% of respondents). Survivors of Hodgkin's disease prominently reported thyroid and lung problems (33.8% of responders with the diagnosis). Prior diagnosis of lymphoma was associated with frequent mention of memory loss (14.7%). The passage of time decreased some perceived effects (memory loss) but increased others (arthritis/osteoporosis, cataracts). Compared with the general population, the incidence of several age- and gender-adjusted health conditions in cancer survivors is different. This group of cancer survivors reported generally good health but outlined multiple lasting medical problems. The health survey described represents 1 approach to the development of comprehensive information about the health needs of cancer survivors.
Web Browser Control Using EMG Based Sub Vocal Speech Recognition (2005)

Subvocal electromyogram (EMG) signal classification is used to control a modified web browser interface. Recorded surface signals from the larynx and sublingual areas below the jaw are filtered and transformed into features using a complex dual quad tree wavelet transform. Feature sets for six subvocally pronounced control words, 10 digits, 17 vowel phonemes and 23 consonant phonemes are trained using a scaled conjugate gradient neural network. The subvocal signals are classified and used to initiate web browser queries through a matrix based alphabet coding scheme. Hyperlinks on web pages returned by the browser are numbered sequentially and queried using digits only. Classification methodology, accuracy, and feasibility for scale up to real world human machine interface tasks are discussed in the context of vowel and consonant recognition accuracy.
Lipocalin-13 Regulates Glucose Metabolism by both Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Independent Mechanisms (2010)

Insulin sensitivity is impaired in obesity, and insulin resistance is the primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Here we show that lipocalin-13 (LCN13), a lipocalin superfamily member, is a novel insulin sensitizer. LCN13 was secreted by multiple cell types. Circulating LCN13 was markedly reduced in mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Three distinct approaches were used to increase LCN13 levels: LCN13 transgenic mice, LCN13 adenoviral infection, and recombinant LCN13 administration. Restoration of LCN13 significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity. LCN13 enhanced insulin signaling not only in animals but also in cultured adipocytes. Recombinant LCN13 increased the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in adipocytes and to suppress hepatic glucose production (HGP) in primary hepatocyte cultures. Additionally, LCN13 alone was able to suppress HGP, whereas neutralization of LCN13 increased HGP in primary hepatocyte cultures. These data suggest that LCN13 regulates glucose metabolism by both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent mechanisms. LCN13 and LCN13-related molecules may be used to treat insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Designed Reduction of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenicity via Synthetic Changes in Virulence Factor Codon-pair Bias (2011)

In this study, we used a previously described method of controlling gene expression with computer-based gene design and de novo DNA synthesis to attenuate the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We produced 2 S. pneumoniae serotype 3 (SP3) strains in which the pneumolysin gene (ply) was recoded with underrepresented codon pairs while retaining its amino acid sequence and determined their ply expression and pneumolysin production in vitro and their virulence in a mouse pulmonary infection model. Expression of ply and production of pneumolysin of the recoded SP3 strains were decreased, and the recoded SP3 strains were less virulent in mice than the wild-type SP3 strain or a Δply SP3 strain. Further studies showed that the least virulent recoded strain induced a markedly reduced inflammatory response in the lungs compared with the wild-type or Δply strain. These findings suggest that reducing pneumococcal virulence gene expression by altering codon-pair bias could hold promise for rational design of live-attenuated pneumococcal vaccines.
Neuroprotective Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonism in Spinal Cord Cultures and in a Mouse Model of Motor Neuron Degeneration (2012)

Sustained inflammatory reactions are common pathological events associated with neuron loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Reported evidence suggests that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key player of neuroinflammation in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms by which TLR4 mediates neurotoxic signals remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of TLR4 in in vitro and in vivo settings of motor neuron degeneration. Using primary cultures from mouse spinal cords, we characterized both the proinflammatory and neurotoxic effects of TLR4 activation with lipopolysaccharide (activation of microglial cells, release of proinflammatory cytokines and motor neuron death) and the protective effects of a cyanobacteria-derived TLR4 antagonist (VB3323). With the use of TLR4-deficient cells, a critical role of the microglial component with functionally active TLR4 emerged in this setting. The in vivo experiments were carried out in a mouse model of spontaneous motor neuron degeneration, the wobbler mouse, where we preliminarily confirmed a protective effect of TLR4 antagonism. Compared with vehicle- and riluzole-treated mice, those chronically treated with VB3323 showed a decrease in microglial activation and morphological alterations of spinal cord neurons and a better performance in the paw abnormality and grip-strength tests. Taken together, our data add new understanding of the role of TLR4 in mediating neurotoxicity in the spinal cord and suggest that TLR4 antagonists could be considered in future studies as candidate protective agents for motor neurons in degenerative diseases.
Elemental and Redox Analysis of Single Bacterial Cells by X-ray Microbeam Analysis (2004)

High-energy x-ray fluorescence measurements were used to make elemental maps and qualitative chemical analyses of individual Pseudomonas fluorescens strain NCIMB 11764 cells. Marked differences between planktonic and adhered cells were seen in the morphology, elemental composition, and sensitivity to Cr(VI) of hydrated cells at spatial scales of 150 nm. This technology can be applied to natural geomicrobiological systems.
Time-varying channel modeling and variable-size burst for spatio-temporal interference suppression in DS-CDMA systems (2004)

Burst-by-burst equalization strategies assume that data in a burst are received under quasi-stationary channel conditions. Hence, using a fixed-size burst results in conservative transmission efficiency, since worst case scenarios must be accounted for. We investigate the potential of a variable-size burst for efficiency in time-varying environments. First, a channel model explicitly describing environment changes is developed. Analysis of variance is then proposed for tracking the channel stationarity. Based on knowledge of the channel stationarity, the burst size is adapted most advantageously. Obtained results show the feasibility of a variable-size burst to improve efficiency compared to a fixed-size counterpart.
Identification of a Domain on the β-Subunit of the Rod cGMP-gated Cation Channel That Mediates Inhibition by Calcium-Calmodulin (1998)

The cGMP-gated cation channel mediating phototransduction in retinal rods has recently been shown to be inhibited by calcium-calmodulin, through direct binding of the latter to the beta-subunit of the heterotetrameric channel complex. Here, we report the characterization of this inhibition and the identification of a domain crucial for this modulation. Heterologous expression of the alpha- and beta-subunits of the human rod channel in HEK 293 cells produced a cGMP-gated current that was highly sensitive to calcium-calmodulin, with half-maximal inhibition at approximately 4 nM. In biochemical and electrophysiological experiments on deletion mutants of the beta-subunit, we have identified a region on its cytoplasmic N terminus that binds calmodulin and is necessary for the calmodulin-mediated inhibition of the channel. However, in gel shift assays and fluorescence emission experiments, peptides derived from this region indicated a low calmodulin affinity, with dissociation constants of approximately 3-10 microM. On the C terminus, a region was also found to bind calmodulin, but it was likewise of low affinity, and its deletion did not abolish the calmodulin-mediated inhibition. We suggest that although the identified region on the N terminus of the beta-subunit is crucial for the calmodulin effect, other regions are likely to be involved as well. In this respect, the rod channel appears to differ from the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, which is also modulated by calcium-calmodulin.
Identification of Flavonoid Chemical Markers in Roses and their High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Resolution and Quantitation for Cultivar Identification1 (1982)

Abstract Flavonoids in flowers of ‘White Masterpiece’, ‘Bridal Pink’, and ‘Samantha’ roses ( Rosa spp) were either kaempferol or quercetin 3-glycosides. They were the glucoside, xyloside, arabinoside, rhamnoside, glucuronide, rutinoside, a rhamnosylglucoside (not rutinose or neohesperidose), an acylated form of the rhamnosylglucoside, and galloylghicoside. Kaempferol 4’-glucoside, an important marker derived almost exclusively from old Scotch roses ( R. foetida and R. spinossisima ) was present only in ‘White Masterpiece’. Anthocyanins from ‘Bridal Pink’ and ‘Samantha’ were either cyanidin or pelargonidin 3,5-diglucosides along with traces of the related 3-glucoside. Parameters for the resolution and the quantitation of these flavanoids, by high pressure liquid chromatography, were established. Uniform sampling techniques were developed because of the quantitative differences in the flavonoid distribution in a rose petal. Changes in the rate of fertilizer application and daylength affected only the concentration of the flavonoids, and the ratio of each compound to the total remained fairly constant.