gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Take Me Back: A Study of the Back Button in the Modern Internet (2011)

The web browser has become one of the most recognizable software applications on consumer desktops. Yet its utilization and capabilities are often misunderstood. Recent innovations in the web have evolved the Internet into a network of sophisticated applications that defy historical uses of the “browser”; a term that itself has become somewhat of a misnomer. This research studies the evolving set of user expectations for the browser as an application platform and challenges certain anachronistic features, specifically the “back” button, that are unnecessary and confusing given the new environment that browsers are used in. Because of this shift, implicit new user requirements arise around the browser’s user interface. The back button, like other elements in the browser have already demonstrated, should be de-emphasized in modern iterations of web browsers. The study is qualified by an analysis of user behavior within a popular, modern, web application. NOTE: This master's thesis has been removed at request of the author due to it containing experimentation data referencing a branded software application for which the author no longer has permission to share.
Comparison and Validation of Traditional and 3D Scanning Anthropometric Methods to Measure the Hand (2020)

Using full-color hand-held three-dimensional scanners allows researchers to gather anthropometric data outside of a lab setting. The ability to gather a broader and more diverse database is essential to the fit and sizing of products. However, full-color hand-held three-dimensional scanning has not been fully validated as a methodology to take accurate measurements for the hand. This study aimed to examine three different tools for collecting anthropometric data for the hand by their precision. The anthropometric methods compared include tools used in traditional anthropometry, such as a smallbone caliper and tape measure and two (2) full-color hand-held three-dimensional scanners (Occipital Structure Sensor and Artec Leo). Twelve (12) three-dimensional hand scans were 3D printed with a Creality CR-10 three-dimensional printer using PLA materials. The three-dimensional scans were a part of a more extensive database, and the chosen scans represented a range of handbreadth measurements. Eight traditional anthropometric measurements, including length, breadth, and circumference, were collected to assess the precision of manual anthropometric measurements compared to digital measurements from the Occipital Structure Sensor and the Artec Leo. The results from this study showed no statistically significant differences between the manual anthropometric measurements and the digital measurements from the Artec Leo. There were limited statistical differences between the manual anthropometric measurements and the digital measurements from the Occipital Structure Sensor. There were limited statistical differences between the digital measurements from the Occipital Structure Sensor and the digital measurements from the Artec Leo. The information provided in this study will benefit the collection of anthropometric data for the hand by researchers. Three-dimensional technology and processes offer more opportunities to collect data for the hand, which will help improve the design of products that interact with the hand.
Palladium Catalysts for Cross-Coupling of Ortho-Substituted Aryl Triflates with Grignard Reagents (1997)

Dichloro[(2-dimethylamino)propyldiphenylphosphine]palladium (PdCl2(alaphos)) and dichloro[1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-propane]palladium (PdCl2(dppp)) were found to be much more effective catalysts than PdCl2(PPh3)2 and other palladium complexes for cross-coupling of sterically congested aryl triflates with aryl and alkynyl Grignard reagents.
Designing Three-Dimensional Transformation Optical Media Using Quasiconformal Coordinate Transformations (2010)

We introduce an approach to the design of three-dimensional transformation optical (TO) media based on a generalized quasiconformal mapping approach. The generalized quasiconformal TO (QCTO) approach enables the design of media that can, in principle, be broadband and low loss, while controlling the propagation of waves with arbitrary angles of incidence and polarization. We illustrate the method in the design of a three-dimensional carpet ground plane cloak and of a flattened Luneburg lens. Ray-trace studies provide a confirmation of the performance of the QCTO media, while also revealing the limited performance of index-only versions of these devices.
Constant envelope coherent optical OFDM based on fast Hartley transform (2011)

In this paper the authors discuss the feasibility of a constant envelope optical OFDM based on fast Hartley transform. The digital signal processing output drives an optical phase modulator for obtaining a 0 dB PAPR signal at the transmission side, whereas the use of a Hartley transform increases power efficiency and relaxes the level of the constellation used. Additionally, a set of simulations of the system are presented, showing a back-to-back sensitivity of −34.6 dBm for a 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> BER.
Association of Thrombocytopenia and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (2016)

Thrombocytopenia is very common in ICU patients who are on CRRT, and both thrombocytopenia prior to the start of CRRT and severe thrombocytopenia developing after the initiation of CRRT significantly impact patient survival. Future large-scale prospective studies will help to explore the role of platelet in prognostication of outcome among CRRT patients.
Hepatitis C virus-specific cellular and humoral immune responses following immunization with a multi-epitope fusion protein (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide. We prepared a fusion protein in the vector of pET-11d that included three conserved broadly neutralizing B-cell epitopes and a series of T-cell epitopes located in the HCV NS3 region. In vivo administration of this fusion construct resulted in specific CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in both PBMCs and splenocytes that could recognize specific antigen sites that could be detected by FACS. An HCVcc system was established and applied to detect HCV-specific neutralizing antibodies. These results suggest that the multi-epitope fusion protein is immunogenic and can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. In particular, this fusion protein is able to elicit HCV-specific neutralizing antibodies, which are critical for viral clearance. This construct may be significant for vaccine development and could be a potential candidate to be included in the design of a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against HCV.
A Machine-Learning Approach to Distinguish Passengers and Drivers Reading While Driving (2019)

Driver distraction is one of the major causes of traffic accidents. In recent years, given the advance in connectivity and social networks, the use of smartphones while driving has become more frequent and a serious problem for safety. Texting, calling, and reading while driving are types of distractions caused by the use of smartphones. In this paper, we propose a non-intrusive technique that uses only data from smartphone sensors and machine learning to automatically distinguish between drivers and passengers while reading a message in a vehicle. We model and evaluate seven cutting-edge machine-learning techniques in different scenarios. The Convolutional Neural Network and Gradient Boosting were the models with the best results in our experiments. Results show accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and kappa metrics superior to 0.95.
The azurin gene from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1989)

We have cloned and sequenced the Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin structural gene and its flanking regions. The DNA sequence predicts a pre-protein with a signal peptide of 19 amino acids followed by the 128-amino-acid mature azurin protein. Nuclease-S1 mapping and primer elongation experiments indicated two 5' termini of the azurin transcript. The major transcript of the azurin gene is initiated around 35 base pairs upstream from the translational start. The minor transcript, with a promoter region sharing homology with a consensus nif promoter of Klebsiella pneumoniae and also with other Pseudomonas genes, is initiated 145 base pairs upstreams of the azurin initiation codon. Downstream from the azurin structural gene a sequence similar to a transcriptional terminator is found. Northern blot analysis indicated two sizes of the azurin mRNA (0.54 kb and 0.65 kb) confirming the S1 mapping and the predictions from the nucleotide sequence.
Synthesis of Cyanoacetylated Derivatives of Some Heteroaryl Amines as Analgesic and Antioxidant Agents (2013)

 There are several drugs in the clinical practice that contain the cyanoacetyl moiety. In the present study, we prepared cyanoacetylated derivatives of some aryl/hetero aryl amines by using a versatile cyanoacetylating agent, 1-cyanoacetyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole. These compounds were evaluated for analgesic activity by the acetic acid induced writhing test. The compounds were also evaluated for antioxidant activity by reduction of DPPH, scavenging of nitric oxide, and iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate. Among several compounds synthesized and evaluated, ethyl-2-(α-cyanoacetamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate exhibited potent analgesic and antioxidant activity, which is comparable to the standard drug employed. These compounds have promising potential as potential analgesic and antioxidant agents.
A New Generation of Radiators (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Aerospatiale's activities in the field of Active Thermal Control have led to the definition, manufacture and test of a new generation of radiators.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The fluid loop radiator study, engaged under the Hermes programme requirements, has resulted in the definition of large radiative panels that have low mass, low manufacturing cost constraints and various possible shapes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The hybrid radiator study, with respect to the Heat Exchanger, has provided a data base of results on the wet and dry concepts.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A prototype model has been defined after a “trade-off analysis” and the choice of the dry contact solution has been selected.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With respect to the two phase active thermal control concept, a complete loop is under development studies.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The problems of “on-ground” testing have been analysed, particularly on the condenser section; the goal being the flight performance prediction of a space radiator.</div>
Cellulases and xylanase of an anaerobic rumen fungus grown on wheat straw, wheat straw holocellulose, cellulose, and xylan (1987)

The activities of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes produced by an anaerobic fungus (R1) which resembled Neocallimastix sp. were investigated. Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), cellobiase, and filter paper (FPase) activities had pH optima of 6.0, 5.5, and 6.0, respectively. CMCase and cellobiase activities both had a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C, whereas FPase had an optimum of 45 degrees C. The pH and temperature optima for xylanase activity were pH 6.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Growth of the fungus on wheat straw, wheat straw holocellulose, or cellulose resulted in substantial colonization, with at least 43 to 58% losses in substrate dry matter and accumulation of comparable amounts of formate. This end product was correlated to apparent loss of substrate dry weight and could be used as an indicator of fungal growth. Milling of wheat straw did not enhance the rate or extent of substrate degradation. Growth of the R1 isolate on the above substrates or xylan also resulted in accumulation of high levels of xylanase activity and lower cellulase activities. Of the cellulases, CMCase was the most active and was associated with either low or trace amounts of cellobiase and FPase activities. During growth on xylan, reducing sugars, including arabinose and xylose, rapidly accumulated in the medium. Xylose and other reducing sugars, but not arabinose, were subsequently used for growth. Reducing sugars also accumulated, but not as rapidly, when the fungus was grown on wheat straw, wheat straw holocellulose, or cellulose. Xylanase activities detected during growth of R1 on media containing glucose, xylose, or cellobiose suggested that enzyme production was constitutive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extension of 193-nm immersion optical lithography to the 22-nm half-pitch node (2004)

Initial volume manufacturing of the 16- to 22-nm half-pitch integrated circuit node is targeted for the year 2018. Lithography is under tremendous pressure to extend its capabilities to meet this deadline. Recently, immersion lithography, particularly using water as an immersion fluid at 193 nm, has attracted much attention as a promising optical lithography extension. However based on simple optical bandwidth considerations, 193-nm-based optical lithography alone will not have the bandwidth necessary for printing the 22-nm half-pitch mode with any foreseeable combination of immersion liquids and conventional resolution enhancement techniques (RETs). The approach to reaching this node presented here is to combine all available RETs with processing nonlinearities and spatial-frequency doubling using two photoresist layers and an image storage layer. Appropriate combinations of multiple exposures/processes can access the 22-nm node; thus reaching current end-of-roadmap values for half-pitch while retaining the current 193-nm lithography infrastructure. A detailed simulation (PROLITH 8) study of this approach is reported.
Characterization of the complex pdxH-tyrS operon of Escherichia coli K-12 and pleiotropic phenotypes caused by pdxH insertion mutations (1992)

We report the first molecular genetic analysis of a pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase, the PdxH gene product of Escherichia coli K-12. Chromosomal insertions in and around pdxH were generated with various transposons, and the resulting phenotypes were characterized. The DNA sequence of pdxH was determined, and the promoters of pdxH and the downstream gene tyrS, which encodes tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, were mapped by RNase T2 protection assays of chromosomal transcripts. These combined approaches led to the following conclusions: (i) pdxH is transcribed from a sigma 70-type promoter and shares its transcript with tyrS; (ii) tyrS is additionally transcribed from a relatively strong, nonconventional internal promoter that may contain an upstream activating sequence but whose expression is unaffected by a fis mutation; (iii) PdxH oxidase is basic, has a molecular mass of 25,545 Da, and shares striking homology (greater than 40% identity) with the developmentally regulated FprA protein of Myxococcus xanthus; (iv) mild pyridoxal 5'-phosphate limitation of pdxH mutants inhibits cell division and leads to formation of unsegregated nucleoids; (v) E. coli PdxH oxidase is required aerobically and anaerobically, but second-site suppressors that replace pdxH function entirely can be isolated; and (vi) pdxH mutants excrete significant amounts of L-glutamate and a compound, probably alpha-ketoisovalerate, that triggers L-valine inhibition of E. coli K-12 strains. These findings extend earlier observations that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes are often members of complex, multifunctional operons. Our results also show that loss of pdxH function seriously disrupts cellular metabolism in unanticipated ways.
Integrating Sacrificial Bonds into Dynamic Covalent Networks toward Mechanically Robust and Malleable Elastomers (2019)

Vitrimers are a class of covalently cross-linked polymers that have drawn great attention due to their fascinating properties such as malleability and reprocessability. The state of art approach to improve their mechanical properties is the addition of fillers, which, however, greatly restricts the chain mobility and impedes network topology rearrangement, thereby deteriorating the dynamic properties of vitrimer composites. Here, we demonstrate that the integration of sacrificial bonds into a vitrimeric network can remarkably enhance the overall mechanical properties while facilitating network rearrangement. Specifically, commercially available epoxidized natural rubber is covalently cross-linked with sebacic acid and simultaneously grafted with N-acetylglycine (NAg) through the chemical reaction between epoxy and carboxyl groups, generating exchangeable β-hydroxyl esters and introducing amide functionalities into the networks. The hydrogen bonds arising from amide functionalities act in a sacrificial and reversible manner, that is, preferentially break prior to the covalent framework and undergo reversible breaking and reforming to dissipate mechanical energy under external load, which leads to a rarely achieved combination of high strength, modulus, and toughness. The topology rearrangement of the cross-linked networks can be accomplished through transesterification reactions at high temperatures, which is accelerated with the increase of grafting NAg amount due to the dissociation of transient hydrogen bonds and increase of the ester concentration in the system.
Hydrogen Storage on Platinum Nanoparticles Doped on Superactivated Carbon (2007)

The equilibrium and kinetics of hydrogen storage on Pt nanoparticles doped on AX-21 superactivated carbon were studied. The Pt/AX-21 sample was prepared by ultrasound-assisted impregnation of H2PtCl6 in a solution of acetone. The dispersion of platinum was determined by CO/H2 chemisorption and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Hydrogen adsorption isotherms and kinetics were measured at 298−348 K and up to 10 MPa. HRTEM images showed that Pt was well dispersed with a uniform particle size ∼2 nm. CO chemisorption results indicated that the dispersion was 58%. By doping 5.6 wt % Pt, the hydrogen storage capacity of AX-21 was enhanced to 1.2 wt % at 298 K and 10 MPa. Furthermore, the isotherm was totally reversible and rechargeable at 298 K. The overall isosteric heats of adsorption (−23 to −15 kJ/mol) and the apparent activation energy for surface diffusion (7.6 kJ/mol) were determined from the temperature dependence of, respectively, equilibrium isotherm and diffusion time constant. Diffusion of the spiltover H atoms on carbon surface at room temperature was a slow process, which resulted in slow hydrogen uptake and desorption rates especially at higher pressures (higher surface concentrations). Desorption appeared to follow a reverse spillover process. The simple mechanistic model that we reported previously was capable of interpreting all experimental data in this study.
Dynamic interaction of large offshore wind farms with the electric power system (2004)

The paper explores the influence of large offshore wind farms on the performance of the system to which they are connected. To meet the emerging requirements of the power system with regard to voltage and frequency, controllers with extended features have been used that enable the control of the terminal voltage and the participation of large wind farms on system frequency control. The models of the wind turbine and the electrical machines together with the proposed control structure are integrated into a power system simulation environment Then, the impact of planned offshore wind farms on the transient stability performance of parallel operating conventional power plants and the bus voltage profile of the network during fault for alternative wind generator types are investigated. Additionally, the response of the wind farm to a major load change in a large multi-machine network is simulated and the results discussed.
Structure of a Classical Broadly Neutralizing Stem Antibody in Complex with a Pandemic H2 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin (2013)

We report the structural characterization of the first antibody identified to cross-neutralize multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. The crystal structure of mouse antibody C179 bound to the pandemic 1957 H2N2 hemagglutinin (HA) reveals that it targets an epitope on the HA stem similar to those targeted by the recently identified human broadly neutralizing antibodies. C179 also inhibits the low-pH conformational change of the HA but uses a different angle of approach and both heavy and light chains.
A polarization independent liquid crystal phase modulation adopting surface pinning effect of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2011)

A polarization-independent liquid crystal (LC) phase modulation using the surface pinning effect of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (SP-PDLC) is demonstrated. In the bulk region of the SP-PDLC, the orientations of LC directors are randomly dispersed; thus, any polarization of incident light experiences the same averaged refractive index. In the regions near glass substrates, the LC droplets are pinned. The orientations of top and bottom droplets are orthogonal. Two eigen-polarizations of an incident light experience the same phase shift. As a result, the SP-PDLC is polarization independent. Polarizer-free microlens arrays of SP-PDLC are also demonstrated. The SP-PDLC has potential for application in spatial light modulators, laser beam steering, and electrically tunable microprisms.
Comparative Study of Risk Factors of Cardiac Diseases among Urban and Rural Population (2013)

Genetically Indians seems to have a great tendency to develop heart trouble. In addition, stressful lifestyles and unhealthy diets of urban population are the reasons for heart disease. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of different factors like lifestyle, food habits, environmental pollution and lipid level on coronary artery disease. Total 168 cases having some cardiac symptoms were included in this study. Detailed histories of cases were taken by questionnaire. Serum lipid profiles were compared between urban and rural cases. Study showed that triglycerides level (p<0.001), total Cholesterol (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein level (p<0.001) were significantly high in urban population than rural. Presence of hypertension (52.94%) and diabetes (49.41%) were higher in urban population. The results showed that stressful unhealthy lifestyle and uncontrolled fatty diet plays a major role in coronary artery disease.
A comparison of physicochemical characteristics, texture, and structure of meat analogue and meats (2018)

The study demonstrated that some textural and chemical characteristics of texturized vegetable protein under intermediate moisture extrusion exhibited the most similarity to chicken meat. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
PointFusion: Deep Sensor Fusion for 3D Bounding Box Estimation (2017)

We present PointFusion, a generic 3D object detection method that leverages both image and 3D point cloud information. Unlike existing methods that either use multi-stage pipelines or hold sensor and dataset-specific assumptions, PointFusion is conceptually simple and application-agnostic. The image data and the raw point cloud data are independently processed by a CNN and a PointNet architecture, respectively. The resulting outputs are then combined by a novel fusion network, which predicts multiple 3D box hypotheses and their confidences, using the input 3D points as spatial anchors. We evaluate PointFusion on two distinctive datasets: the KITTI dataset that features driving scenes captured with a lidar-camera setup, and the SUN-RGBD dataset that captures indoor environments with RGB-D cameras. Our model is the first one that is able to perform better or on-par with the state-of-the-art on these diverse datasets without any dataset-specific model tuning.