gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axonal L-Type Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels and Anoxic Injury in Rat CNS White Matter (2001)

We studied the magnitude and route(s) of Ca2+ flux from extra- to intracellular compartments during anoxia in adult rat optic nerve (RON), a central white matter tract, using Ca2+ sensitive microelectrodes to monitor extracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]o). One hour of anoxia caused a rapid loss of the stimulus-evoked compound action potential (CAP), which partially recovered following re-oxygenation, indicating that irreversible injury had occurred. After an initial increase caused by extracellular space shrinkage, anoxia produced a sustained decrease of 0.42 mM (29%) in [Ca2+]o. We quantified the [Ca2+]o decrease as the area below baseline [Ca2+]o during anoxia and used this as a qualitative index of suspected Ca2+ influx. The degree of RON injury was predicted by the amount of Ca2+ leaving the extracellular space. Bepridil, 0 Na+ artificial cerebrospinal fluid or tetrodotoxin reduced suspected Ca2+ influx during anoxia implicating reversal of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger as a route of Ca2+ influx. Diltiazem reduced suspected Ca2+ influx during anoxia, suggesting that Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels is a route of toxic Ca2+ influx into axons during anoxia. Immunocytochemical staining was used to demonstrate and localize high-threshold Ca2+ channels. Only alpha1(C) and alpha1(D) subunits were detected, indicating that only L-type Ca2+ channels were present. Double labeling with anti-neurofilament antibodies or anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies localized L-type Ca2+ channels to axons and astrocytes.
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy on Surfaces:  Investigation of the Surface Potential of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (1999)

The local contact potential difference (CPD) between different linear alkanethiols self-assembled as monolayers on Au substrates was investigated with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Our results demonstrate that KPFM simultaneously provides information on the sample topography and its contact potential down to a lateral resolution of 100 nm. The reported CPD measurements allow the distinction between regions in the monolayer comprising thiol molecules with chemically different terminal head groups down to a resolution of 3 meV. Furthermore, the CPD values measured in monolayers having one type of functionality vary with the chain length of the molecules in the film, which is consistent with a dipole-layer model. Variations in the length of the alkyl chain reveal a linear dependence as a function of the (−CH2−) units in the chain, with an increase in the CPD potential of 14.1 ± 3.1 mV per (−CH2−) unit.
A RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF FRACTURES OF ACRYLIC CEMENT IN RELATION TO THE STEM OF A FEMORAL HEAD PROSTHESIS (1975)

The incidence and prognostic significance of fractures of acrylic cement related to the stem of a femoral head prosthesis in total hip replacement are examined. These fractures are demonstrated when the cement has been rendered radio-opaque by the addition of barium sulphate. One and a half percent of the radiographs of 6,649 patients showed these fractures, which were sometimes associated with subsidence of the prosthesis. Fracture of the cement was usually evident at the six-month post-operative review, if it occurred at all. This radiological complication was devoid of symptoms in the majority of cases and tended to occur in patients with excellent functional recovery. In a minority of patients pain in the thigh during the first six months seemed likely to be explained by this fracture. Slight subsidence of the prosthesis in the cement bed appeared to result in a new and final position of stability. The prognosis was very good; only when separation of the fracture exceeded about 4 millimetres was the prognosis doubtful, in which case a chronic deep infection might be suspected. Possible mechanical and structural causes of fracture of the cement are discussed.
Sites of circularization of the<i>Tetrahymena</i>rRNA IVS are determined by sequence and influenced by position and secondary structure (1985)

The sequence of the cloned Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA intervening sequence (IVS) was altered at the site to which circularization normally occurs. The alterations caused circularization to shift to other sites, usually a nearby position which followed three pyrimidines. While a tripyrimidine sequence was the major determinant of a circularization site, both location of a sequence and local secondary structure may influence the use of that sequence. For some constructs circularization appeared to occur at the position following the 5' G, the nucleotide added to the IVS during its excision. Portions of the internal guide sequence (IGS), proposed to interact with the 3'exon were deleted without preventing exon ligation. Thus if the IGS-3'exon interaction exists, it is not essential for splicing in vitro.
Oxyntomodulin: a potential hormone from the distal gut. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid and insulin secretion in man (1988)

Abstract Synthetic oxyntomodulin, a predicted product of the glucagon gene, which is produced in the human lower intestinal mucosa, was infused in doses of 100 and 400 ng kg ‐1 h ‐1 into six volunteers to study its pharmacokinetics and effects on pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion (100 ng kg ‐1 h ‐1 ). The concentration of oxyntomodulin in plasma measured with a cross‐reacting glucagon assay increased from 37 ± 5 to 106 ± 17 and 301 ± 40 pmol l ‐1 , respectively. The metabolic clearance rate was 5·2 ± 0·7 ml kg ‐1 min ‐1 and the half‐life in plasma was 12 ± 1 min. Oxyntomodulin reduced the pentagastrin‐stimulated acid secretion by 20 ± 9% during the low‐rate infusion ( P < 0·05) and by 76 ± 10% during the high‐rate infusion ( P < 0·05). In accordance with the homology with glucagon, there was a small, significant rise in plasma concentrations of insulin and insulin C‐peptide during oxyntomodulin infusion. Oxyntomodulin may therefore be included among the potential incretins and enterogastrones in man.
An Efficient and Fast Procedure for the Preparation of 2-Nitrophenylamines under Microwave Conditions (2003)

2-Nitrophenylamines were prepared in good yields from 2-chloronitrobenzen (or 2-fluoronitrobenzene) and amines in the presence of anhydrous potassium fluoride under microwave irradiation and solvent free conditions.
Effect of specimen size on Young's modulus and fracture strength of polysilicon (2001)

The microstructure of polysilicon specimens of varying size was examined and tensile tests were conducted to determine if the measured modulus and strength depend on the size of the specimen. All specimens were from the same MUMP's 25 run at MCNC, and the thicknesses were 1.5, 2.0, and 3.5 /spl mu/m. Microstructure was examined in specimens as narrow as 2 /spl mu/m and ranging up to 20 /spl mu/m in width. The tensile specimens tested were 6, 20, or 600 /spl mu/m wide and 250, 1000, or 4000 /spl mu/m long. Nothing in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicates any effect of specimen size on the microstructure; the columnar grains are fine (0.2-0.5 /spl mu/m) and uniformly distributed. The widths of all specimens were found to differ from the specified mask values, and a more pronounced variation was measured for the smaller specimens. Three different approaches are used to measure Young's modulus, and they all give a value of 158/spl plusmn/10 GPa with no evidence of substantial effects of specimen size. However, the strength does increase somewhat as the total surface area of the test section decreases-from 1.21 GPa/spl plusmn/0.08 GPa to 1.65/spl plusmn/0.28 GPa-reflecting the fact that the larger specimens have more surface flaws. Test techniques and procedures are briefly presented along with detailed analyses of the results.
Fast decoding of codes from algebraic plane curves (1992)

Improvement to an earlier decoding algorithm for codes from algebraic geometry is presented. For codes from an arbitrary regular plane curve the authors correct up to d*/2-m/sup 2//8+m/4-9/8 errors, where d* is the designed distance of the code and m is the degree of the curve. The complexity of finding the error locator is O(n/sup 7/3/), where n is the length of the code. For codes from Hermitian curves the complexity of finding the error values, given the error locator, is O(n/sup 2/), and the same complexity can be obtained in the general case if only d*/2-m/sup 2//2 errors are corrected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Normal Hearing Sensitivity at Low to Middle Frequencies with ∼25% Prestin (2011)

Two mechanisms have been proposed for outer hair cell (OHC)‐mediated amplification in the mammalian cochlea: hair‐bundle motility and somatic, prestin‐based, motility. In cochlear mechanical modeling, different amounts of OHC‐motor activity should provide different degrees of feedback efficiency and gain of the amplifier at resonant frequencies. We created two novel knock‐in prestin mice with reduced quantities (∼25% and 50%) of prestin. OHCs from these mice exhibited length, non‐linear capacitance (NLC) and electromotility values intermediate between wild‐type and prestin knock‐out mice. Surprisingly, hearing sensitivity up to 22 kHz of knock‐in and wild‐type mice are similar, so ∼25% prestin is sufficient for normal hearing at these frequencies. In these mice in the mentioned frequency range, OHC NLC and electromotility do not correlate with in vivo gain of the cochlear amplifier as predicted by the feedback model of the OHC motor.
A survey of the issues in consumer credit modelling research (2005)

Methods for assessing the credit risk when lending to consumers has been in operation for 50 years. Yet, there are probably now more opportunities and challenges for research into the development of this area than ever before. This paper surveys the development of the methodology, describes the current environment for consumer lending and seeks to identify some of the modelling areas and issues that are actively being researched or should be.
Enzymatic amplification staining for flow cytometric analysis of cell surface molecules (2000)

Enzymatic amplification staining produces a significant enhancement in the resolving power of flow cytometric analysis of cell surface molecules. Using this technique, we have been able to detect the presence of molecules that could not be observed by the standard procedure.
NFVMon: Enabling Multioperator Flow Monitoring in 5G Mobile Edge Computing (2018)

With the advances of new‐generation wireless and mobile communication systems such as the fifth‐generation (5G) mobile networks and Internet of Things (IoT) networks, demanding applications such as Ultra‐High‐Definition video applications is becoming ever popular. These applications require real‐time monitoring and processing to meet the mission‐critical quality of service requirements and are expected to be supported by the emerging fog or edge computing paradigms. This paper presents NFVMon , a novel monitoring architecture to enable flow monitoring capabilities of network traffic in a 5G multioperator mobile edge computing environment. The proposed NFVMon is integrated with the management plane of the Cloud Computing. NFVMon has been prototyped and a reference implementation is presented. It provides novel capabilities to provide disaggregated metrics related to the different 5G mobile operators sharing infrastructures and also about the different 5G subscribers of each of such mobile operators. Extensive experiments for evaluating the performance of the system have been conducted on a mid‐sized infrastructure testbed.
A study of sperm acrosin in patients with unexplained infertility. (1982)

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the fluorometric enzyme method (FEM) were used to study sperm acrosin levels of semen obtained from 13 men of known fertility (group I), 14 male partners of unexplained infertile couples (group II), 4 men among unexplained infertile couples who fathered a child during evaluation and follow-up (group III), and 13 oligospermic males (group IV). Using analysis of variance with the Student-Neuman Keuls post hoc comparisons, we found statistically significant differences between acrosin levels of groups I and II, groups I and IV, groups II and III, and groups III and IV (P less than 0.01) for each comparison and P less than 0.05 for entire experiment). Although RIA was found to be superior to the fluorometric technique, there was excellent correlation between the two methods (r = 0.7; P less than 0.001). This study suggests an association between low sperm acrosin levels and infertility.
Effect of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) content on properties of extruded poly(ethylene terephthalate) sheets (2011)

Sixty (60) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets containing 0—100% recycled-PET (RPET) bottle flake were produced using industrial extruders. The PET/RPET sheets were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet— visible spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and inductively coupled plasma—atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP—AES). The absorbance at 350 nm, %crystallinity, crystallization temperature, and crystallization peak offset were found to be both unaffected by a silicone mold release coating and reasonably valid indicators of %RPET. Mechanical testing determined that incorporating recycled content into virgin resin will significantly alter the composite mechanical properties; analysis indicated that there was approximately a 2-, 3-, and 30-MPa increase in stress at the proportional limit, stress at yield, and Young’s modulus, respectively, in the machine direction at 40% RPET concentration when compared to virgin resin. The ICP—AES determined that PET/RPET sheets can be safely used for food packaging as according to California Health and Safety Code.
Fabrication of ultralow-profile micromachined inductor with magnetic core material (2005)

We have fabricated a microinductor with an ultralow profile by a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technique. The fabrication process uses UV-LIGA, dry etching, fine polishing, and electroplating to achieve high performance. The dimensions of the inductor are 1500 /spl mu/m/spl times/900 /spl mu/m/spl times/100 /spl mu/m. It has 41 turns, with coil width of 20 /spl mu/m, space of 20 /spl mu/m, and a high aspect ratio of 5 : 1. The inductance is 0.424 /spl mu/H and the quality factor (Q factor) is about 1.7 at a frequency of 1 MHz. The stray capacitance is approximately zero over the frequency range measured.
The small bare loop antenna immersed in a dissipative medium (1963)

The input admittance of a small thin-wire circular loop antenna, driven by a slice generator, immersed in a dissipative medium, is considered. It is found that the solution given by Storer for the loop antenna in a lossless medium can be carded over readily by replacing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta_{0}</tex> by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\zeta</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k_{0}</tex> by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> . The numerical values of the normalized input conductance and input susceptance of a small loop antenna, namely <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\beta b \leq 0.3</tex> , <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Omega = 10</tex> , are calculated. It is to be noted that the input susceptance is practically independent of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> while the input conductance changes as much as seventeen times in this special case.
Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 in Korea: Report of Two Novel Mutations (2010)

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA I) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Although over 400 patients confirmed as GA I have been reported, reports from the Asian population had contributed to the minor proportion. We recently diagnosed two cases of GA I confirmed with mutational analysis. Here, we present their rather atypical clinical presentations with genetic characteristics for the first time in Korea. Profound developmental delay from birth, association of hearing loss, and neurological improvement after surgical intervention, were considered to be different clinical features from most reported cases. One patient was a compound heterozygote for p.Ser139Leu and p.Asp220Tyr, and the other for p.Ser139Leu and Glu160X. The mutations of the two alleles (p.Asp220Tyr and p.Glu160X) were novel and reports of p.Ser139Leu were rare both in Western and other Asian populations. These might suggest different genetic spectrum of Korean GA I patients.
A Stent-Based Power and Data Link for Sensing Intravascular Biological Indicators (2018)

Stents are a common biomedical device used to treat atherosclerosis, but they are typically passive and employ no electronics. This article details the design, fabrication, and testing of a miniaturized circuit board capable of telemetry via a stent antenna. The circuit is less than 1.1 mm in diameter making it sufficiently miniaturized to be delivered via a catheter. Experiments in porcine tissue achieved a data rate of 277 kb/s with a 280-MHz carrier. The implant was tested at depths of 3, 6, and 9 mm, requiring a transmitter power of 44, 48, and 63 mW, respectively, to operate, surpassing specifications reported in previous electronic stent-based works. These measurements confirm that stents incorporating a power and data link could be used to monitor biological indicators such as blood pressure, blood glucose, or even neural signals.
Oxygen free radicals in nephrology (1987)

For living creatures with an aerobic metabolism, the univalent reduction of oxygen can lead to formation within the cell of intermediate products with marked chemical instability and strong potential toxicity. These are the free radicals (FR) superoxide and hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide and the singlet 1O2. Their toxicity is primarily expressed through the peroxidation of membrane lipids, resulting in mitochondrial, lysosomal and parietal damage. It is enhanced by the presence of metals in trace amounts. Imbalance between the production of FR and the availability of FR scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, etc.) may underlie different human pathologies. FR have been thought to play a part in inflammation, the aging process, carcinomatous transformations, damage due to recirculation and autoimmune diseases. As far as the kidney is concerned, the intervention of FR has been demonstrated or can be postulated in various contexts in the light of what has been observed in other pathologies: immunological nephritis, toxic nephropathies, microthrombotic and microangiopathic processes, damage caused by post-ischemic reflow, and problems in the preservation and rejection of transplants. FR have also been incriminated in lung lesions following intradialytic leukostasis and some aspects of toxicity ascribable to uremia. Subject to the precautions imposed by the need for theoretical, experimental and clinical verification, FR biochemistry offers new keys to the interpretation of a variety of kidney pathologies and opens up new prospects for treatment, both through a better understanding of the mechanism of action of drugs already known and employed, and with regard to the practical possibility of using alternative or combined forms of therapy.
Spontaneous cerebral revascularization in a patient with STA-MCA anastomosis (1976)

✓ The authors report a case with spontaneous revascularization of the brain after surgical anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery.
<title>Inspection of ball grid array (BGA) solder joints using x-ray cross-sectional images</title> (1999)

The ball grid array (BGA) chip is widely used in high density printed circuit board (PCB). However, inspection of defects in the solder joints is difficult by visual or a normal x-ray imaging method, because unlike conventional packages, solder joints of the BGA are located underneath its own package and ball type leads. Therefore, x-ray digital tomosynthesis (DT), which form a cross-sectional image of 3D objects, is needed to image and inspect the solder joints of BGA. In this paper, we propose a series of algorithms for inspecting the solder joints of BGA by using x-ray cross-sectional images that are acquired from the developed DT system. BGA solder joints are examined to check the alignment between the chip and pad on a PCB, bridge, adequate solder volume. The volume of the solder joint is represented by a gray level in the x-ray images: thus solder joints can be examined by use of the gray-level profiles of each joint. To inspect and classify various defects, pattern classification method using a learning vector quantization neural network and a look up table is proposed. The clusters into which a gray-level profile is classified are generated by the learning process of the network by using a number of sampled gray-level profiles. A series of these developed algorithms for inspecting and classifying defects were tested on a number of BGA solder joints. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields satisfactory solutions for inspection based on x-ray cross-sectional images.
Constant quality rate control for content-based 3D wavelet video communication (2003)

This paper presents a rate control algorithm designed for a content-based 3D wavelet video compression scheme. Wavelet compression schemes demand a rate control algorithm for real-time video communication systems. The new rate control algorithm manages the uncertain factors in both the size of the GOF and the network delay, and the new rate control algorithm is based on the leaky bucket approach, which employs a frame buffer for both the client and server sides. An intelligent buffering mechanism is developed on the client side to ensure the continuous display of reconstructed image frames. For the server side, a feedback mechanism is used from the client to control the server's buffer content and ensure that the acquisition rate of the server and display rate of the client are equal.