gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Catalyst Systems Using Iron Complexes with a Tetradentate PNNP Ligand for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Polar Bonds (2007)

Teures Ruthenium bekommt Konkurrenz: Die ersten Katalysatorsysteme, die Eisenkomplexe zur asymmetrischen Hydrierung mit H2 (bei 50 °C) und zur asymmetrischen Transferhydrierung (bei Raumtemperatur) nutzen, wurden entdeckt. Ihre Aktivität in der Transferhydrierung kommt derjenigen des besten Rutheniumkatalysators nahe. Die Präkatalysatoren enthalten einen vierzähnigen Diiminodiphosphanliganden, der keine NH-Gruppe besitzt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z705115_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Molecular characterization and expression of alfalfa isoliquiritigenin 2′‐<i>O</i>‐methyltransferase, an enzyme specifically involved in the biosynthesis of an inducer of <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> nodulation genes (1993)

A cDNA clone encoding an O-methyltransferase (OMT) from alfalfa has been isolated, which methylates the 2'-hydroxyl of isoliquiritigenin (2',4,4'-trihydroxychalcone) to form 4,4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone, the most potent of the nod-gene-inducing flavonoid derivatives released from alfalfa roots. The cDNA clone was identified on the basis of N-terminal sequence identity to purified S-adenosyl-L-methionine:isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase (chalcone OMT) and expression of enzymatically active chalcone OMT protein in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence showed significant similarities to other OMTs. Chalcone OMT is encoded by a small gene family in alfalfa and related sequences are present in other legumes. The chalcone OMT gene is expressed primarily in alfalfa roots; transcript levels were highest during the first 2 weeks of development. The OMT transcript was also detected, to a much lesser extent, in root nodules. In contrast, chalcone isomerase (CHI), although expressed at high levels in roots, was found in all plant organs and had a somewhat different developmental expression pattern. Chalcone OMT transcripts were localized primarily to epidermal and cortical cells starting 1.5-2.0 mm behind the root tip, whereas CHI transcripts were present at approximately equal levels in epidermal, cortical and vascular tissues, both at the root tip and throughout the root. Chalcone OMT transcripts were elicitor-inducible in alfalfa cell suspension cultures, although only low levels of methoxychalcone accumulated. The implications of these results for plant-microorganism interactions are discussed.
Human LINE-1 restriction by APOBEC3C is deaminase independent and mediated by an ORF1p interaction that affects LINE reverse transcriptase activity (2013)

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements whose extensive proliferation resulted in the generation of ≈ 34% of the human genome. They have been shown to be a cause of single-gene diseases. Moreover, L1-encoded endonuclease can elicit double-strand breaks that may lead to genomic instability. Mammalian cells adopted strategies restricting mobility and deleterious consequences of uncontrolled retrotransposition. The human APOBEC3 protein family of polynucleotide cytidine deaminases contributes to intracellular defense against retroelements. APOBEC3 members inhibit L1 retrotransposition by 35-99%. However, genomic L1 retrotransposition events that occurred in the presence of L1-restricting APOBEC3 proteins are devoid of detectable G-to-A hypermutations, suggesting one or multiple deaminase-independent L1 restricting mechanisms. We set out to uncover the mechanism of APOBEC3C (A3C)-mediated L1 inhibition and found that it is deaminase independent, requires an intact dimerization site and the RNA-binding pocket mutation R122A abolishes L1 restriction by A3C. Density gradient centrifugation of L1 ribonucleoprotein particles, subcellular co-localization of L1-ORF1p and A3C and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that an RNA-dependent physical interaction between L1 ORF1p and A3C dimers is essential for L1 restriction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the amount of L1 complementary DNA synthesized by L1 reverse transcriptase is reduced by ≈ 50% if overexpressed A3C is present.
On the effects of strengthening the construction of supervisor team on improve the quality of postgraduate education (2012)

Strengthening the construction of supervisor team has great effects on the improvement of the quality of postgraduate education.Some problems exist in China's current situation of the construction of supervisor team.For example,the quality of supervisors needs to be improved,the quantitative evaluation system is not scientific,the quantity of professional degree supervisors is not enough,and the dynamic evaluation mechanism is imperfect and so on.Strengthening the construction of supervisor team from the development of scientific and rational quantitative evaluation index system,the selection of professional degree supervisors,the enhancement of supervisor training and some other aspects,can effectively improve the quality of postgraduate education.

Key words: 
Construction of supervisor team;  Graduate education;  Training quality
Grain boundaries in the cuprate superconductors: tapes and tunneling spectroscopy (2010)

Grain boundaries in the high temperature superconducting cuprates have played a central role in their development for practical applications and in the fundamental understanding of the nature of superconductivity in these materials. Tapes for energy use, SQUIDS, symmetry of the wavefunction, Qbits, applications related to the AC Josephson effect, and tunneling spectroscopy are some areas of current research. In this brief paper, the authors first summarize what we know about what limits the critical current densities of tapes and suggest a few experiments to further understand these limits to critical current densities and, secondly, discuss the use of grain boundary for carrying out tunneling spectroscopy in optimally doped La1.84Sr0.16CuO4 (LSCO). This includes new data and comparisons with theory and experiments. The background material and review were presented at the EUCAS 09 conference in Dresden as one of the plenary talks and are available from the authors.
Multipotential ability of primitive germ cells from neonatal pig testis cultured in vitro (2009)

Gonocytes are progenitor-type germ cells that arise from primordial germ cells and differentiate further into spermatogonia, thereby initiating spermatogenesis. In the present study, freshly isolated gonocytes were found to have either weak or no expression of pluripotency determining transcription factors, such as POU5F1, SOX2 and C-MYC. Interestingly, the expression of these transcription factors, as well as other vital transcription factors, such as NANOG, KLF4 and DAZL, were markedly upregulated in cultured cells. Cells in primary cultures expressed specific germ cell and pluripotency markers, such as lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), KIT, ZBTB16, stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-1), NANOG and POU5F1. Using a monoclonal antibody to specifically identify porcine germ cells, the stem cell potential of fresh and cultured cells was determined with a testis xenotransplantation assay. Colonised porcine germ cells were detected only in mouse testes that were either transplanted with fresh testicular cells or with cells from primary cultures. Interestingly, testes transplanted with cells from primary cultures showed colonisation of germ cells in the interstitial space, reflecting their tumourigenic nature. The formation of teratomas with tissues originating from the three germinal layers following the subcutaneous injection of cells into nude mice from primary cultures confirmed their multipotency. The results of the present study may provide useful information for the establishment of multipotent germ stem cell lines from neonatal pig testis.
Effects of Stress and Beta<sub>1</sub> Blockade on the Ventricular Depolarization Gradient of the Rate Modulating Pacemaker (1991)

Prism-CLR is a closed loop, rate modulating pacemaker that uses ventricular depolarization gradient (Gd) to continuously adjust heart rate. Heart rate response to a formal mental stress protocol, esmolol (500 mcg/kg bolus, 75-125 mcg/kg/min infusion), and mental stress during esmolol infusion were studied in six patients to investigate if Gd and paced heart rate response are under direct beta-adrenergic control. Paced heart rates increased in response to mental stress in a physiological manner (P less than 0.001). Response to esmolol infusion was paradoxical, with increased paced heart rates during esmolol bolus and infusion (P less than 0.05). There was no significant alteration in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure during mental stress or esmolol infusion (P greater than 0.05). Paradoxical increase in paced heart rates during esmolol administration suggests a primary or secondary effect of esmolol to decrease the ventricular depolarization gradient. This hypothesis was supported in four dog studies in which direct Gd measurements were made during esmolol infusion. Mental stress during esmolol infusion resulted in significantly increased paced heart rates (esmolol effect) with blunted changes in heart rate in response to the mental stress. The results of this study suggest that the physiological rate response during mental stress is attributable to sympathetic autonomic response.
DERIVATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF A META‐ANALYTIC MATRIX INCORPORATING COGNITIVE ABILITY, ALTERNATIVE PREDICTORS, AND JOB PERFORMANCE (1999)

A variety of recent articles in the personnel selection literature have used analyses of meta‐analytically derived matrices to draw general conclusions for the field. The purpose of this article is to construct a matrix that incorporates as complete information as possible on the relationships among cognitive ability measures, three sets of alternative predictors, and job performance, We build upon a starting matrix used by Schmitt, Rodgers, Chan, Sheppard, and Jennings (1997). Mean differences, by race, for each of the measures and the potential for adverse impact of predictor composites are also considered. We demonstrate that the use of alternative predictors alone to predict job performance (in the absence of cognitive ability) lowers the potential for adverse impact. However, in contrast to recent claims, adverse impact continues to occur at many commonly used selection ratios. Future researchers are encouraged to use our matrix and to expand upon it as new primary research becomes available. We also report and reaffirm many methodological lessons along the way, including the many judgment calls that appear in an effort of this magnitude and a reminder that the field could benefit from even greater conceptual care regarding what is labeled an “alternative predictor.” Directions for future meta‐analyses and for future primary research activities are also derived.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and barriers to uptake of eye care services by diabetic patients at the Social Security Institute Central Hospital in Asunción, Paraguay. (2007)

Miriam Cano examines a patient in the ophthalmic ward of the Social Security Institute (IIPS) Central Hospital. PARAGUAY
The cell envelope subtilisin-like proteinase is a virulence determinant for Streptococcus suis (2010)

In summary, we identified a gene coding for a cell surface subtilisin-like serine proteinase that is widely distributed in S. suis. Evidences were brought for the involvement of this proteinase in S. suis virulence.
c-Kit in Early Onset of Diabetes: A Morphological and Functional Analysis of Pancreatic β-Cells in c-KitW-v Mutant Mice (2007)

c-Kit tyrosine receptor kinase, a well-established stem cell marker, is expressed in a variety of tissues including the pancreas. The involvement of c-Kit in fetal rat and human endocrine pancreatic development, survival, and function has been well characterized but primarily using in vitro experimental approaches. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether deficiency of a functional c-Kit receptor would have physiological and functional implications in vivo. We characterized the c-Kit mutant mouse, c-Kit(W-v/+), to evaluate the in vivo role of c-Kit in beta-cell growth and function. Here we report that male c-Kit(W-v/+) mice, at 8 wk of age, showed high fasting blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance, which was associated with low levels of insulin secretion after glucose stimulation in vivo and in isolated islets. Morphometric analysis revealed that beta-cell mass was significantly reduced (50%) in male c-Kit(W-v/+) mice when compared with controls (c-Kit(+/+)) (P < 0.05). In parallel, a reduction in pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 and insulin gene expression in whole pancreas as well as isolated islets of c-Kit(W-v/+) male mice was noted along with a decrease in pancreatic insulin content. Furthermore, the reduction in beta-cell mass in male c-Kit(W-v/+) mice was associated with a decrease in beta-cell proliferation. Interestingly, these changes were not observed in female c-Kit(W-v/+) mice until 40 wk of age. Our results clearly demonstrate that the c-Kit receptor is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, likely through an important role in beta-cell development and function.
Segregation of lipid raft markers including CD133 in polarized human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (2004)

During ontogenesis and the entire adult life hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have the capability to migrate. In comparison to the process of peripheral leukocyte migration in inflammatory responses, the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the migration of these cells remain poorly understood. A common feature of migrating cells is that they need to become polarized before they migrate. Here we have investigated the issue of cell polarity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in detail. We found that human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells (1) acquire a polarized cell shape upon cultivation, with the formation of a leading edge at the front pole and a uropod at the rear pole; (2) exhibit an amoeboid movement, which is similar to the one described for migrating peripheral leukocytes; and (3) redistribute several lipid raft markers including cholesterol-binding protein prominin-1 (CD133) in specialized plasma membrane domains. Furthermore, polarization of CD34(+) cells is stimulated by early acting cytokines and requires the activity of phosphoinositol-3-kinase as previously reported for peripheral leukocyte polarization. Together, our data reveal a strong correlation between polarization and migration of peripheral leukocytes and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and suggest that they are governed by similar mechanisms.
Virulence factors of Haemophilus ducreyi (1984)

We investigated the susceptibility of virulent and avirulent strains of Haemophilus ducreyi to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum and to phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Strains were defined as virulent if intradermal inoculation into a rabbit produced a typical necrotic lesion. Nonvirulent strains produced no cutaneous lesions in rabbits. Virulent strains were resistant to the complement-mediated lethal action of normal human and rabbit sera, whereas avirulent strains were susceptible (greater than 95% kill, 60 min). Virulent strains were relatively resistant to phagocytosis and killing by human PMNL, in contrast to the avirulent strains. In past studies polymyxin resistance has been correlated with virulence in H. ducreyi. In our studies, polymyxin resistance could not be correlated with virulence, since polymyxin-sensitive mutants obtained from polymyxin-resistant parent strains remained virulent for rabbits and resistant to bactericidal action of normal serum and phagocytosis and killing by human PMNL. Similarly, polymyxin-resistant mutants obtained from polymyxin-sensitive parent strains remained avirulent for rabbits and susceptible to bactericidal action of normal serum and PMNL. The acquisition of polymyxin resistance was accompanied by the loss of a 47,000-molecular-weight protein. The association of serum resistance and resistance to phagocytosis and killing by human PMNL with virulent strains, as defined by the rabbit intradermal test, suggests that these factors may mediate the pathogenicity of H. ducreyi.
Histone H3 Lysine 14 (H3K14) Acetylation Facilitates DNA Repair in a Positioned Nucleosome by Stabilizing the Binding of the Chromatin Remodeler RSC (Remodels Structure of Chromatin) (2014)

Histone H3 acetylation is induced by UV damage in yeast and may play an important role in regulating the repair of UV photolesions in nucleosome-loaded genomic loci. However, it remains elusive how H3 acetylation facilitates repair. We generated a strongly positioned nucleosome containing homogeneously acetylated H3 at Lys-14 (H3K14ac) and investigated possible mechanisms by which H3K14 acetylation modulates repair. We show that H3K14ac does not alter nucleosome unfolding dynamics or enhance the repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by UV photolyase. Importantly, however, nucleosomes with H3K14ac have a higher affinity for purified chromatin remodeling complex RSC (Remodels the Structure of Chromatin) and show greater cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair compared with unacetylated nucleosomes. Our study indicates that, by anchoring RSC, H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage.
Powering FITL for Deutsche Telekom (2002)

Deutsche Telekom introduced the project OPAL (optical access line) 6 years ago. The development of new applications for FITL (FTTH, FTTB, FTTC) leads to new challenges for power systems. For the establishment of an optical fibre infrastructure at the subscriber line level, a wide variety of possible optical fibre network topologies can be imagined. Different powering architectures must be developed including remote or local powering. This paper presents the results and performances of the powering configurations to feed the optical network units (ONU) and remote OLT. Compared to conventional powering, centralised powering with remote feeding supply was implemented to power the ONU in the field economically.
Combining trajectory control and position control for autonomous mobile robot navigation (2001)

In the present paper, we described the system architecture of the autonomous mobile robot B21 from RWI focussing on the double control loop implementing the kinematic control together with the underlying drive control. As a highly accurate drive control is taken for granted only the kinematic model is considered for trajectory and position control. In order to manage successfully demanding tasks in dynamic environments, a motion strategy combining trajectory control and position control is suggested. Two different examples where this combination is required are shown. When a self-localization error occurs, the starting point of the reference trajectory is far away from the actual position of the mobile robot. In such a case, to avoid re-planning a motion control strategy is implemented such that the robot finds again the starting point of the reference trajectory without crossing large parts of the unknown environment. When an unexpected obstacle appears on the planned path a collision avoidance manoeuvre is initiated. This manoeuvre also combines trajectory control and position control. Experimental results for both cases show the performance of the presented motion strategies. The used trajectory and position controllers are described.
TAK-960, a Novel, Orally Available, Selective Inhibitor of Polo-Like Kinase 1, Shows Broad-spectrum Preclinical Antitumor Activity in Multiple Dosing Regimens (2011)

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in key processes during mitosis. Human PLK1 has been shown to be overexpressed in various human cancers, and elevated levels of PLK1 have been associated with poor prognosis, making it an attractive target for anticancer therapy. TAK-960 [4-[(9-cyclopentyl-7,7-difluoro-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)amino]-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl) benzamide] is a novel, investigational, orally bioavailable, potent, and selective PLK1 inhibitor that has shown activity in several tumor cell lines, including those that express multidrug-resistant protein 1 (MDR1). Consistent with PLK1 inhibition, TAK-960 treatment caused accumulation of G(2)-M cells, aberrant polo mitosis morphology, and increased phosphorylation of histone H3 (pHH3) in vitro and in vivo. TAK-960 inhibited proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines, with mean EC(50) values ranging from 8.4 to 46.9 nmol/L, but not in nondividing normal cells (EC(50) >1,000 nmol/L). The mutation status of TP53 or KRAS and MDR1 expression did not correlate with the potency of TAK-960 in the cell lines tested. In animal models, oral administration of TAK-960 increased pHH3 in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 colorectal cancer xenografts. Treatment with once daily TAK-960 exhibited significant efficacy against multiple tumor xenografts, including an adriamycin/paclitaxel-resistant xenograft model and a disseminated leukemia model. TAK-960 has entered clinical evaluation in patients with advanced cancers.
<i>N</i>-acetyltransferase 2 Slow Acetylator Genotype Associated with Adverse Effects of Sulfasalazine in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2007)

The NAT2 gene polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to IBD in Chinese populations, but the NAT2 slow acetylator genotypes were significantly associated with SP dose-related adverse effects of SASP in the treatment of IBD.
Enhanced characteristics of an uncooled microbolometer using vanadium–tungsten oxide as a thermometric material (2005)

To produce a highly sensitive uncooled microbolometer, the development of a high-performance thermometric material is essential. In this work, amorphous vanadium–tungsten oxide was developed as a thermometric material at a low temperature of 300°C, and the microbolometer, coupled with the material, was designed and fabricated using surface micromachining technology. The vanadium–tungsten oxide showed good properties for application to the microbolometer, such as a high-temperature coefficient of resistance of over −4.0%∕K and good compatibility with the surface micromachining and integrated circuit fabrication process due to its low fabrication temperature. As a result, the uncooled microbolometer could be fabricated with high detectivity over 1.0×109cmHz1∕2∕W at a bias current of 7.5μA and a chopper frequency of 10–20Hz.
Secure Multihop Network Programming with Multiple One-Way Key Chains (2010)

Current network programming protocols provide an efficient way to update program images running on sensor nodes without having physical access to them. Securing these updates, however, remains a challenging and important issue, given the open environment where sensor nodes are often deployed. Several approaches addressing these issues have been reported, but their use of cryptographically strong protocols means that their computational costs (and hence, power consumption and communication costs) are relatively high. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to secure a multihop network programming protocol through the use of multiple one-way hash chains. The scheme is shown to be lower in computational, power consumption, and communication costs yet still able to secure multihop propagation of program images. We demonstrate the use of this scheme and provide some results using the popular network programming protocol, Deluge. In addition, we include a performance evaluation of our scheme, implemented in TinyOS, in terms of latency and energy consumption.