gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathomechanisms of neurodegeneration in glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (2003)

Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is an inherited organic aciduria with predominantly neurological presentation. Biochemically, it is characterized by an accumulation and enhanced urinary excretion of two key organic acids, glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid. If untreated, acute striatal degeneration is often precipitated by febrile illnesses during a vulnerable period of brain development in infancy or early childhood, resulting in a dystonic dyskinetic movement disorder. The mechanism underlying these acute encephalopathic crises has been partially elucidated using in vitro and in vivo models. 3-Hydroxyglutaric and glutaric acids share structural similarities with the main excitatory amino acid glutamate and are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease. 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid induces excitotoxic cell damage specifically via activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, glutaric and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids indirectly modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, resulting in an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. It also has been suggested that secondary amplification loops potentiate the neurotoxic properties of these organic acids. Probable mechanisms for this effect include cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production, a decrease in energy metabolism, and reduction of cellular creatine phosphate levels. Finally, maturation-dependent changes in the expression of neuronal glutamate receptors may affect the vulnerability to 3-hydroxyglutaric and glutaric acid toxicity.
Rapid administration of multiple cycles of high-dose myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (1993)

These preliminary results suggest that multiple, rapidly cycled courses of high-dose myelosuppressive chemotherapy can be administered. PBPs, harvested during the G-CSF-augmented rebound from CPA-induced cytopenia, produce rapid hematologic recovery in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). Further follow-up will be necessary to assess the efficacy of this specific regimen in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
Pain with Life‐Threatening Illness: Its Perception and Control Are Inextricably Linked with Quality of Life (2000)

This article describes how the quality of life of people with a life‐threatening illness is affected by pain, and how their pain is influenced by all aspects of their quality of life. These aspects include the physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual and existential domains. This concept of pain is placed in the context of Ron Melzack′s work highlighting the essential role of cognitive and emotional aspects of pain perception, and their influence on pain control. These issues continue to be a guiding force in the authors′ own work and that of many others working in the field.
A reordering technique for efficient code motion (1999)

Article Free Access Share on A reordering technique for efficient code motion Authors: Luiz C. V. dos Santos Design Automation Section, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Design Automation Section, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsView Profile , Jochen A. G. Jess Design Automation Section, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Design Automation Section, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The NetherlandsView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999 Pages 296–299https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.309935Published:01 June 1999Publication History 17citation240DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads240Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A New Actuator System Using Dual-Motors and a Planetary Gear (2011)

This paper proposes a new actuator system for mobile robot applications. Since the actuator system to be proposed consists of dual-motors and a planetary gear, it is referred to as the dual-motor system using a planetary gear (DuPG) in this paper. The suggested DuPG improves the speed-torque performance by combining two motors with one planetary gear, in which one motor is for high speed and the other for high torque. In other words, it is able to realize a high speed at low torque, and high torque at low speed, as an automatic transmission operates in an automobile. The proposed actuator system is able to extend the speed/torque operation region. Finally, several experimental results are suggested to show a few advantages such as the extended speed/torque operation region and the enhanced energy efficiency.
An Introduction to Fuzzy Sets (1998)

The concept of fuzzy sets is one of the most fundamental and influential tools in computational intelligence. Fuzzy sets can provide solutions to a broad range of problems of control, pattern classification, reasoning, planning, and computer vision. This book bridges the gap that has developed between theory and practice. The authors explain what fuzzy sets are, why they work, when they should be used (and when they shouldn't), and how to design systems using them. The authors take an unusual top-down approach to the design of detailed algorithms. They begin with illustrative examples, explain the fundamental theory and design methodologies, and then present more advanced case studies dealing with practical tasks. While they use mathematics to introduce concepts, they ground them in examples of real-world problems that can be solved through fuzzy set technology. The only mathematics prerequisites are a basic knowledge of introductory calculus and linear algebra. Bradford Books imprint
The effect of plasma constitution on laser ignition energies (1977)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D34808/81 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Asynchronous Sampling Rate Conversions in Digital Communications Systems (2011)

The problem of resampling digital signals at an output sampling rate that is incommensurate with the input sampling rate is the topic of this paper. This problem is often encountered in practice, as for example in the multiplexing of video signals from different sources for the purpose of distribution. There are basically two approaches to resample the signals. Both approaches are thoroughly described and practical circuits for hardware implementation are provided. A comparison of the two circuits presented in the paper shows that one circuit requires a division to compute the new sampling times. This time scaling operation adds complexity to the implementation with no performance advantage over the other circuit, and makes the “division free” circuit the preferred one for resampling.
Investigation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Sequential Microplate-Based Respiration Measurements from Intact and Permeabilized Neurons (2012)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a component of many neurodegenerative conditions. Measurement of oxygen consumption from intact neurons enables evaluation of mitochondrial bioenergetics under conditions that are more physiologically realistic compared to isolated mitochondria. However, mechanistic analysis of mitochondrial function in cells is complicated by changing energy demands and lack of substrate control. Here we describe a technique for sequentially measuring respiration from intact and saponin-permeabilized cortical neurons on single microplates. This technique allows control of substrates to individual electron transport chain complexes following permeabilization, as well as side-by-side comparisons to intact cells. To illustrate the utility of the technique, we demonstrate that inhibition of respiration by the drug KB-R7943 in intact neurons is relieved by delivery of the complex II substrate succinate, but not by complex I substrates, via acute saponin permeabilization. In contrast, methyl succinate, a putative cell permeable complex II substrate, failed to rescue respiration in intact neurons and was a poor complex II substrate in permeabilized cells. Sequential measurements of intact and permeabilized cell respiration should be particularly useful for evaluating indirect mitochondrial toxicity due to drugs or cellular signaling events which cannot be readily studied using isolated mitochondria.
Purification and Characterization of NADPH-Dependent Carbonyl Reductase, Involved in Stereoselective Reduction of Ethyl 4-Chloro-3-oxobutanoate, from<i>Candida magnoliae</i> (1998)

A NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase was purified to homogeneity from Candida magnoliae AKU4643 through four steps, including Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme catalyzed the stereoselective reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to the corresponding (S)-alcohol with a 100% enantiomeric excess, which is a useful chiral building block for the chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 76,000 on high performance gel filtration chromatography and 32,000 on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme reduced alpha-, beta-keto esters and conjugated diketones in addition to ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate. The enzyme activity was inhibited by quercetin and HgCl2, but not by EDTA. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed no apparent similarity with those of other oxidoreductases.
A Novel Raji-Burkitt's Lymphoma Model for Preclinical and Mechanistic Evaluation of CD52-Targeted Immunotherapeutic Agents (2008)

These results show the in vitro utility of the cloned Raji cell lines that stably express high levels CD52. The disseminated leukemia-lymphoma mouse model described herein using these stable cell lines can serve as an excellent system for in vivo therapeutic and mechanistic evaluation of existing and novel antibodies directed against CD52 molecule.
Invention and Business Performance in the Tissue-Engineering Industry (2003)

Tissue engineering is a young and interdisciplinary scientific discipline but it offers exciting opportunities to improve the quality of health care for hundreds of thousands of patients. Lured by its potential, several start-up companies, pharmaceutical corporations, and medical device enterprises alike are investing heavily in this sector. Invention is a key driver of competition in this sector. In this study, we aim to explain the variation in inventive output across the different firms in the sector. Our major premise is that firms that forge alliances will be able to tap into the expertise of their partners and thus improve their chances of inventive output. We further argue that alliances that enable technology acquisition or learning will enhance the inventive output of firms more than other kinds of alliances. We measure the inventive output of a company by the number of patents filed. On the basis of a preliminary analysis of seven companies, we find support for the hypotheses. We also argue that, to achieve commercial success, firms need to manage time to market (through alliances or otherwise), have a global outlook, nurture their financial resources, and attain critical mass through mergers.
Operational Amplifier: Characteristics and Applications (1981)

Construction of the operational amplifier using the operational amplifier as a circuit element offset and offset compensation power supplies for op amp circuits frequency characteristics and stability linear circuit applications nonlinear applications digital applications active filters oscillators linear devices.
8 Constraint Adaptability of Multi-Device User Interfaces (2006)

Methods to support the creation of multi-device user interfaces typically use some type of abstraction of the user interface design. To retrieve the final user interface from the abstraction a transformation will be applied that specializes the abstraction for a particular target platform. The User Interface Markup Language (UIML) offers a way to create multi-device user interface descriptions while maintaining the consistency of certain aspects of a user interface across platforms. We extended the UIML language with support for layout constraints. Designers can create layout templates based on constraints that limit the ways a user interface can rearrange across platforms. This results in a higher degree of consistency and reusability of interface designs. THE USER INTERFACE MARKUP LANGUAGE (UIML) The UIML specification [2] is a high-level canonical markup language to describe the structure, style, content and behavior of a user interface. The declarative nature of UIML allows a clear separation of the user interface, its content, the mapping of its abstract concepts onto concrete widgets and the application logic. UIML’s separation of concerns enables reuse of the user interface and promotes consistency across different platforms. UIML does not contain metaphor-specific tags (e.g. &lt;window&gt;), but only generic tags (e.g. &lt;part&gt;, &lt;property&gt;,...). A set of abstractions can be defined in a vocabulary and allows the designer to specify a user interface by referring to these abstractions. The vocabulary defines how abstractions can be translated into a concrete presentation. This is a typical example of an interface being specified in terms of abstract interaction objects which will be mapped onto concrete interaction objects afterward [7]. Nevertheless, it is challenging to choose the set of abstractions defined in a UIML vocabulary so a wide range of different platforms can be supported. Since these are specified separately, UIML is extendable to new devices and UI metaphors, when they
Personalisation by semantic web technology in food shopping (2011)

Personalisation is a desired functionality for applications within mobile environments as we are moving towards a ubiquitous world. One approach to personalisation of mobile services is by the use of personal and contextual information. In this paper we describe an architecture for this purpose where we utilize ontologies. The developed ontology that covers personal information and food information is based on, and evaluated relative to, personas and scenarios from the food shopping domain. The profile covers three levels of information; personal information, long term interests and temporary interests. The proposed concept of personalisation is illustrated in two developed pull and push scenarios. The personalisation concept in the form of videos is evaluated using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the initial findings of the analysis are presented here.
Experimental verification of cascadability of 12 channel X 2.5 Gb/s WDM add/drop multiplexer employing unequally-spaced arrayed-waveguide grating (1996)

12 channel X 2.5 Gb/s WDM signal with unequal channel spacing allocation are successfully transmitted over 540 km of dispersion-shifted fiber through ten cascaded add/drop multiplexing (ADM) nodes consisting of arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG). This paper describes a WDM add/drop multiplexing/transmission experiment employing the cascaded ADM nodes over 540 km of dispersion-shifted fiber without intentional dispersion management. The frequency detuning tolerance of the lightwave sources in the network with the cascaded ADM nodes is also discussed.
Fully Discharging Phases (1999)

Background —Phase-2 voltage and maximum pulse width are dependent on phase-1 pulse characteristics in a single-capacitor biphasic waveform. The use of 2 separate output capacitors avoids these limitations and may allow waveforms with lower defibrillation thresholds. A previous report also suggested that the optimal tilt may be >70%. This study was designed to determine an optimal biphasic waveform by use of a combination of 2 separate and fully (95% tilt) discharging capacitors. Methods and Results —We performed 2 external defibrillation studies in a pig ventricular fibrillation model. In group 1, 9 waveforms from a combination of 3 phase-1 capacitor values (30, 60, and 120 μF) and 3 phase-2 capacitor values (0=monophasic, 1/3, and 1.0 times the phase-1 capacitor) were tested. Biphasic waveforms with phase-2 capacitors of 1/3 times that of phase 1 provided the highest defibrillation efficacy (stored energy and voltage) compared with corresponding monophasic and biphasic waveforms with the same capacitors in both phases except for waveforms with a 30-μF phase-1 capacitor. In group 2, 10 biphasic waveforms from a combination of 2 phase-1 capacitor values (30 and 60 μF) and 5 phase-2 capacitor values (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μF) were tested. In this range, phase-2 capacitor size was more critical for the 30-μF phase-1 than for the 60-μF phase-1 capacitor. The optimal combinations of fully discharging capacitors for defibrillation were 60/20 and 60/30 μF. Conclusions —Phase-2 capacitor size plays an important role in reducing defibrillation energy in biphasic waveforms when 2 separate and fully discharging capacitors are used.
Integrative molecular and clinical modeling of clinical outcomes to PD1 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma (2019)

Abstract Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy in many tumor types, but predictors of responsiveness to anti-PD1 ICB are incompletely characterized. In this study, we analyzed a clinically annotated cohort of patients with melanoma ( n = 144) treated with anti-PD1 ICB, with whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing of pre-treatment tumors. We found that tumor mutational burden as a predictor of response was confounded by melanoma subtype, whereas multiple novel genomic and transcriptomic features predicted selective response, including features associated with MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation. Furthermore, previous anti-CTLA4 ICB exposure was associated with different predictors of response compared to tumors that were naive to ICB, suggesting selective immune effects of previous exposure to anti-CTLA4 ICB. Finally, we developed parsimonious models integrating clinical, genomic and transcriptomic features to predict intrinsic resistance to anti-PD1 ICB in individual tumors, with validation in smaller independent cohorts limited by the availability of comprehensive data. Broadly, we present a framework to discover predictive features and build models of ICB therapeutic response.
Synthesen mit α‐metallierten Isocyaniden, XXXVII. 1‐Lithio‐1‐alkenylisocyanide und ihre Umsetzung mit Elektrophilen (1977)

Abstract Die 1‐Alkenylisocyanide 1a‐c , für die drei Synthesen beschrieben werden, liefern mit Butyllithium die 1‐Lithio‐1‐alkenylisocyanide 2a‐c . Diese reagieren mit Elektrophilen wie Methyliodid, Chlor(trimethyl)silan, Carbonylverbindungen und anderen zu den Addukten 3 .
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Biarylpyrimidines:  A New Class of Ligand for Unusual Nucleic Acid Structures (2006)

Biarylpyrimidines are characterized as selective ligands for higher-order nucleic acid structures. A concise and efficient synthesis has been devised incorporating Suzuki biaryl cross-coupling of dihalopyrimidines. Two ligand series are described based on the parent thioether 4,6-bis[4-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]mercapto]phenyl]pyrimidine (1a) and amide 4,6-bis(4[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)carboxamido]phenyl)pyrimidine (2a) compounds. In UV thermal denaturation studies with the poly(dA) x [poly(dT)]2 triplex structure, thioethers showed stabilization of the triplex form (Delta Tm < or = 20 degrees C). In contrast, amides showed duplex stabilization (Delta Tm < or = 15 degrees C) and either negligible stabilization or specific destabilization (Delta Tm = -5 degrees C) of the triplex structure. Full spectra of nucleic acid binding preferences were determined by competition dialysis. The strongest interacting thioether bound preferentially to the poly(dA) x [poly(dT)]2 triplex, K(app) = 1.6 x 10(5) M(-1) (40 x K(app) for CT DNA duplex). In contrast, the strongest binding amide selected the (T2G20T2)4 quadruplex structure, K(app) = 0.31 x 10(5) M(-1) (6.5 x K(app) for CT DNA duplex).
Dilated Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

Learning with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on long sequences is a notoriously difficult task. There are three major challenges: 1) complex dependencies, 2) vanishing and exploding gradients, and 3) efficient parallelization. In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective RNN connection structure, the DilatedRNN, which simultaneously tackles all of these challenges. The proposed architecture is characterized by multi-resolution dilated recurrent skip connections and can be combined flexibly with diverse RNN cells. Moreover, the DilatedRNN reduces the number of parameters needed and enhances training efficiency significantly, while matching state-of-the-art performance (even with standard RNN cells) in tasks involving very long-term dependencies. To provide a theory-based quantification of the architecture's advantages, we introduce a memory capacity measure, the mean recurrent length, which is more suitable for RNNs with long skip connections than existing measures. We rigorously prove the advantages of the DilatedRNN over other recurrent neural architectures. The code for our method is publicly available at https://github.com/code-terminator/DilatedRNN
Testbed evaluation of virtual environment interaction techniques (1999)

As immersive virtual environment (VE) applications become more complex, it is clear that we need a firm understanding of the principles of VE interaction. In particular, designers need guidance in choosing three-dimensional interaction techniques. In this paper, we present a systematic approach, testbed evaluation, for the assessment of interaction techniques for VEs. Testbed evaluation uses formal frameworks and formal experiments with multiple independent and dependent variables in order to obtain a wide range of performance data for VE interaction techniques. We present two testbed experiments, covering techniques for the common VE tasks of travel and object selection/manipulation. The results of these experiments allow us to form general guidelines for VE interaction, and to provide an empirical basis for choosing interaction techniques in VE applications. This has been shown to produce measurable usability gains in a real-world VE application.
Race and Gender in Music Videos: the Same Beat but a Different Drummer (1986)

Journal Article Race and Gender in Music Videos: the Same Beat but a Different Drummer Get access Jane D. Brown, Jane D. Brown 1Jane D. Brown is Associate Professor and Kenneth Campbell is a doctoral candidate, both at the School of Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. An earlier version of this article was presented to the University Film and Video Association, Harrisonburg, Va., July 1984 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenneth Campbell Kenneth Campbell 1Jane D. Brown is Associate Professor and Kenneth Campbell is a doctoral candidate, both at the School of Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. An earlier version of this article was presented to the University Film and Video Association, Harrisonburg, Va., July 1984 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 36, Issue 1, March 1986, Pages 2–11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1986.tb03035.x Published: 07 February 2006