gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measures taken against water pollution in the food processing industry (1972)

The food processing industry is involved with the total environment from the farm to the consumer. Particular emphasis is placed upon the need for precise sanitary control in order to assure that water reuse and reclamation programmes provide maximum protection for the safety and quality of the product. Various means to minimise water use such as counter-flow systems, temperature control. pH control, turbidity control and chlorination control are reviewed. Design of equipment is a factor in effective sanitary conditions and proper water utilisation. Abatement of waste water pollution load must start in the plant and be integrated with proper water utilization technique to reduce waste. Wherever possible, waste solids should be handled dry and not flumed. Consideration should be given to segregation of particularly concentrated waste streams within a plant for separate treatment in order to reduce overall treatment costs or surcharges from the municipalities. Interesting concepts for utilizing the land as a sink for treatment processes and solid waste disposal are discussed. A new concept of spray irrigation by overland flow wherein the waste water is spread in a thin sheet to have a good interaction zone with soil humus and the microbiological activity of the soil organisms purify to achieve 99 per cent BODreduction, in a travel of approximately 225 feet. This is accomplished on relatively impervious soils with slopes of approximately two to six per cent. Solid waste disposal is a source of much concern now and especially for the future. There is an interdependence with this problem between the grower, the processor and the consumer. More research work has to be conducted to reclaim the nutritional value in food wastes and to avoid unsanitary conditions both on the farm, at processing plants, and in municipalities. There is a need for attacking these problems on a regional basis and the possibility of centralising recovery areas of wastes for by-product reclamation purposes in order to achieve a more economical, feasible programme may be necessary, especially for smaller processors. Our goal should be the elimination of transporting any waste solids in any form in the various steps from the farm to the processor to the consumer. Ideally, only perfect crops without culls, trims or rejects should reach the food processor. In turn, the food processor should develop convenience foods in edible packages, thus eliminating solids disposal at the home. INTRODUCTION A food processing industry is involved with the total environment from the farm to the customer. It is dependent upon good quality water and therefore
Silicone breast implants: The role of immune system on capsular contracture formation (1995)

We evaluated the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the periprosthetic capsular contracture, the most frequently occurring complication following the implant of silicone prostheses. Peripheral blood samples from 22 patients with silicone-gel-filled implants were examined. In all cases a capsule was felt by palpation, and it was classified according to the Baker scale. Ten patients (group 1) had a Baker 2 contracture, and 12 (group 2) had severe contracture rated 3 and 4. The cells positive to antigens CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR, CD19, CD25, CD57, CD16, and CD14, and the cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes on target cells K562 were assessed by cytofluorimetric analysis. At time 0 there were no statistically significant differences between patients and normal subjects, nor between the two groups. At 48 h, the group 2 patients had a number/mm3 of cells CD57 + significantly higher than both group 1 and control group (P < .05). In group 1 patients, the cytotoxic activity was similar to that of normal subjects, whereas in group 2 it was significantly increased, in respect to both the controls (P < .05) and group 1 (P < .001). In all groups, the contact of the lymphocytes with the silicone extract did not modify either the antigen expression or the lymphocyte functional activity. On the basis of these results we hypothesize the involvement of the immune system in the formation of the capsular contracture around the prosthesis.
Surface and Bulk ‐OH Infrared Absorption in ZrF <sub>4</sub> ‐ and HfF <sub>4</sub> ‐Based Glasses (1981)

Infrared absorption at the 3400 cm −1 ‐OH peak has been measured as a function of thickness for several ZrF 4 ‐BaF 2 ‐LaF 3 and HfF 4 ‐BaF 2 LaF 3 glasses to separate contributions from bulk and surface ‐OH. For glasses melted under CCl 4 reactive atmosphere, the peak is due almost entirely to surface ‐OH. In ambient atmosphere the ‐OH peak exhibited no time dependence over a 30 d period, indicating a very small rate of surface attack by atmospheric H 2 O.
Special Articles on Organic and Inorganic Optical Materials. Photochromic Fulgides Applicable to Optical Information Storage. Discovery of New Nondestructive Readout Method. (1992)

フルギドとは,少なくとも一つの芳香環を置換基として有するビスメチレン無水コハク酸の総称である。紫外光によって環化着色し,可視光によって開環消色する。置換基を工夫することによって, 熱による開環,閉環反応を抑えることができる。フルギドを書き換え可能な光記録材料に使うために必要ないくつかの条件のうち,反庵の高速性と環化体の吸収極大の長波長化を,フルギド分子の立体的および電子的要因を利用して達成することができた.さらに,最も長波長に吸収をもつ(5-ジメチルアミノインドリル)フルギドとトリクロロ酢酸の酸塩基平衡を利用した,光記録材料への応用において必要不可欠である非破壊読み出しの薪しい方法を発見した。すなわち,半導体レーザーの発光波長780nmに吸収のある(5-ジメチルアミノインドリル)フルギドの環化体は554nm光照射によって開環体にもどらないが,半導体レーザーの発光波長域に吸収のないプロトン付加体はもどる。したがって,少量の酸を含む(5-ジメチルアミノインドリル)フルギドの系は,780nm光を読み出しに,554nm光を消去に,紫外光を書き込みに用いる, 非破壊読み出しの系となる。
Evolution of Scientific Research Ballooning (2005)

Balloons have been used for scientific research since they were invented in France approximately 220 years ago. The last major change in balloon design occurred in 1950 with the introduction of the so-called natural shape balloon with integral load tapes. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently pursuing development of a super-pressure balloon that would enable extended duration missions above 99.5% of the Earth’s atmosphere at any latitude. The ultra-long-duration balloon (ULDB) flights enabled by this constant-volume balloon should result in an even greater sea change in scientific ballooning than the inauguration of long-duration balloon (LDB) flights in Antarctica during the 1990 – 91 austral summer. The ULDB technology advancements include utilization of a new structural design, a co-extruded film for the balloon envelope, and structural integrity provided by the highest strength-to-weight fibers commercially available. The ULDB vehicle development is complemented by a new ballooncraft support system that provides power, data handling and communications via a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) high gain antenna capable of 100 Kb/s real-time telemetry. Another technology key to realizing the full ULDB potential is an active balloon trajectory control system, which is now only in the design stage.
Using Social Media to Analyze Public Concerns and Policy Responses to COVID-19 in Hong Kong (2021)

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused huge economic and societal disruptions. To fight against the coronavirus, it is critical for policymakers to take swift and effective actions. In this article, we take Hong Kong as a case study, aiming to leverage social media data to support policymakers’ policy-making activities in different phases. First, in the agenda setting phase, we facilitate policymakers to identify key issues to be addressed during COVID-19. In particular, we design a novel epidemic awareness index to continuously monitor public discussion hotness of COVID-19 based on large-scale data collected from social media platforms. Then we identify the key issues by analyzing the posts and comments of the extensively discussed topics. Second, in the policy evaluation phase, we enable policymakers to conduct real-time evaluation of anti-epidemic policies. Specifically, we develop an accurate Cantonese sentiment classification model to measure the public satisfaction with anti-epidemic policies and propose a keyphrase extraction technique to further extract public opinions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which conducts a large-scale social media analysis of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. The analytical results reveal some interesting findings: (1) there is a very low correlation between the number of confirmed cases and the public discussion hotness of COVID-19. The major public concern in the early stage is the shortage of anti-epidemic items. (2) The top-3 anti-epidemic measures with the greatest public satisfaction are daily press conference on COVID-19 updates, border closure, and social distancing rules.
Formation of a heterocyclic cage compound from ethylenediamine and glyoxal (1968)

J. M. Edwards, U. Weiss, R. D. Gillardi and I. L. Karle, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1649 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001649
LOW-GRAZING ANGLE TARGET DETECTION AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATION OF MIMO RADAR (2013)

In this paper, we focus on target detection and system conflguration optimization of Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) radar in low-grazing angle, where the multipath efiects are very abundant. The performance of detection can be improved via utilizing the multipath echoes. First, the re∞ection coe-cient, considering the curved earth efiect, is derived. Then, the general signal model for MIMO radar is introduced for low-grazing angle. Using the Neyman- Pearson sense, the detector of MIMO radar with multipath is analyzed. We use the de∞ection coe-cient as a criterion of system conflguration both for MIMO radar and phased-array radar. The simulation results show that the performance can be enhanced markedly when the multipath efiects are considered, and the optimal conflguration of phased-array radar is with the same number of transmitters as that of receivers, however, the optimal conflguration of MIMO radar depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
A recurrent chromosome translocation breakpoint in breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines targets the neuregulin/<i>NRG1</i> gene (2003)

The 8p11-21 region is a frequent target of alterations in breast cancer and other carcinomas. We surveyed 34 breast tumor cell lines and 9 pancreatic cancer cell lines for alterations of this region by use of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and BAC-specific FISH. We describe a recurrent chromosome translocation breakpoint that targets the NRG1 gene on 8p12. NRG1 encodes growth factors of the neuregulin/heregulin-1 family that are ligands for tyrosine kinase receptors of the ERBB family. Breakpoints within the NRG1 gene were found in four of the breast tumor cell lines: ZR-75-1, in a dic(8;11); HCC1937, in a t(8;10)(p12;p12.1); SUM-52, in an hsr(8)(p12); UACC-812, in a t(3;8); and in two of the pancreatic cancer cell lines: PaTu I, in a der(8)t(4;8); and SUIT-2, in a del(8)(p). Mapping by two-color FISH showed that the breaks were scattered over 1.1 Mb within the NRG1 gene. It is already known that the MDA-MB-175 breast tumor cell line has a dic(8;11), with a breakpoint in NRG1 that fuses NRG1 to the DOC4 gene on 11q13. Thus, we have found a total of seven breakpoints, in two types of cancer cell lines, that target the NRG1 gene. This suggests that the NRG1 locus is a recurring target of translocations in carcinomas. PCR analysis of reverse-transcribed cell line RNAs revealed an extensive complexity of the NRG1 transcripts but failed to detect a consistent pattern of mRNA isoforms in the cell lines with NRG1 breakpoint.
Clinical Responses in Patients Infused with T Lymphocytes Redirected to Target Kappa-Light Immunoglobulin Chain (2014)

Adoptive transfer of T cells with a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to treat B-cell malignancies shows remarkable clinical efficacy. However, long-term persistence of T cells targeting CD19, a pan-B cell marker, causes depletion of normal B cells and consequent severe hypogammaglobulinemia. In order to target B-cell malignancies more selectively, we have taken advantage of the clonal restriction of mature B-cell malignancies, which express either a κ or a λ-light immunoglobulin chain. We generated a CAR specific for κ-light chain (CAR.κ) to selectively target κ+ lymphoma/leukemia cells, while sparing the normal B cells expressing the non-targeted λ-light chain, thus minimizing the impairment of humoral immunity. After validation in preclinical experiments, we designed a phase I clinical trial in which patients with refractory/relapsed κ+ NHL/CLL are infused with autologous T cells expressing a CAR.κ that includes a CD28 costimulatory domain. The protocol also allows for the inclusion of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with the aim of targeting putative myeloma initiating cells. Three dose levels (DL) are being assessed: 0.2 (DL1), 1 (DL2) and 2 (DL3) ×108 T cells/m2. T cells were generated for 13 patients by activating autologous PBMC with OKT3 (n=5) or CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies (n=8). In 2 patients with >95% circulating CLL cells, CD3 positive selection was performed using CliniMACS. After transduction, T cells (1.2×107±0.5×107) were expanded ex vivo for 18±4 days in the presence of IL-2 to reach sufficient numbers for dose escalation. CAR expression was 81%±13% by flow cytometry. Products were composed predominantly of CD8+ cells (78%±10%). CAR+ T cells specifically targeted κ+ tumors (specific lysis by 51Cr release 79%±10%, 20:1 E:T ratio) but not κ– tumors (11%±7%) or the NK-sensitive cell line K562 (26%±13%). Ten patients were treated so far: 2 on DL1, 3 on DL2 and 5 on DL3. Any other treatments were discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to T-cell infusion and patients with ALC >500 received 12.5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide 4 days before infusion. Infusions were well tolerated without side effects. A CAR.κ-specific Q-PCR assay showed that molecular signals peaked 1-2 weeks post infusion and remained detectable for at least 6 weeks and up to 9 months in 1 patient. Of the 5 patients with relapsed NHL, 2 entered complete remission (after 2 and 3 infusions at DL1 and DL3, respectively), 1 had a partial response and 2 progressed; 3/3 patients with MM have had stable disease for 2, 11 and 17 months, associated with up to 38% reduction in their paraprotein; and 2/2 patients with CLL progressed before or shortly after the 6 week evaluation. In conclusion, our data indicate that infusion of CAR.κ+ T cells is safe at every DL and can be effective in patients with κ+ lymphoma.
Chronic Motor Dysfunction After Stroke (2000)

Two lines of evidence clearly support the use of the electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment to rehabilitate wrist and finger extension movements of hemiparetic individuals > or =1 year after stroke. The treatment program decreased motor dysfunction and improved the motor capabilities in this group of poststroke individuals.
One-Dimensional Flow of Liquids Containing Small Gas Bubbles (1972)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
The Class-Specific Immunoglobulin Composition of Fluids Obtained from Various Levels of the Canine Respiratory Tract (1976)

Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays capable of accurately measuring the three major classes of canine immunoglobulins in the 50 to 200 ng/ml range were developed. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM in samples of fluid obtained from various levels of the canine respiratory tract (stimulated saliva, tracheal washes, and bronchopulmonary lavage supernatants) and in serum were determined by using the radioimmunoassays. The composition of the immunoglobulin classes, expressed as per cent of the total immunoglobulin content of each sample, differed markedly among the respiratory tract-derived fluids and between respiratory fluids and serum. Pilocarpine-stimulated saliva contained predominantly IgA while bronchial washes contained predominantly IgG. The contents of IgA and IgG in tracheal washes were intermediate between those of stimulated saliva and bronchial washes. There appeared to be a progressive decrease in the content of IgA (83% to 19%) and a progressive increase in the content of the IgG (6.3% to 75%) as sampling proceeded from the upper to the lower respiratory tract. The mean IgG/IgA ratios were as follows: stimulated saliva, 0.1; tracheal washes, 2.1; bronchial washes, 4.1; and serum, 23.2. All respiratory tract-derived fluids contained small amounts of IgM. Local and systemic immunization with sheep erythrocytes failed to alter the per cent composition of immunoglobulins in bronchial washes during the primary immune response. The results demonstrate major differences in the composition of immunoglobulins derived from the upper as opposed to the lower respiratory tract. The findings suggest that functional differences may exist in the immunologic apparatus associated with various levels of the respiratory tract.
The impact of free radical-mediated reperfusion injury on acute and chronic rejection events following cadaveric renal transplantation. (1993)

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, rhSOD was given to cadaveric renal allograft recipients intravenously in a dose of 200 mg during surgery, and its effect on both acute and chronic rejection was investigated. The results showed that rhSOD exerts a beneficial effect on acute rejection episodes as indicated by a statistically significant reduction of first acute rejection episodes to 18.5% compared with 33.3% in controls, and a reduction in early irreversible acute rejection to 3.7% compared with 12.5% in controls. With regard to longterm results, there was a statistically significant improvement in the actual 5-year graft survival rate for rhSOD-treated patients to 68% (with a corresponding 13-year half-life) compared with 50% in controls (with a corresponding 6-year half-life). The incidence of acute rejection episodes did not prove to be a risk factor for long-term graft outcome. Rather only the combination of acute rejection episodes and the presence of uninfluenced reperfusion injury appeared to have a detrimental effect on long-term prognosis. The beneficial effect of rhSOD observed in this trial is not well understood, although one can assume that the effect is brought about by interference of rhSOD with ischemia or reperfusion injury to the allograft by oxygen-free radicals. In this sense, rhSOD may mitigate increased MHC expression and presentation, cytokine-adhesion molecule expression, and APC activation induced by reperfusion injury. In addition, in accordance with the "response-to-injury" hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, rhSOD may mitigate acceleration of chronic obliterative rejection or arterio-/arteriolosclerosis induced by reperfusion injury. In this sense, rhSOD may act indirectly by reducing acute rejection-mediated endothelial injury, or directly, by ablation of reperfusion-mediated acute endothelial injury.
Rule-based implementation of correct and efficient VLSI design rule checking (2003)

A theory and implementation for automatic and optimized compilation of VLSI design rule checking directives from graphically specified design rules are presented. In addition to a very comfortable user interface, this approach results in more efficient use of computer resources (a crucial asset when verifying large circuits), as exemplified with tests on design rules for a modern CMOS technology. A formal semantic description of the compilation process is given along with its systematic implementation in an expert system shell (NEXPERTObject). Thus an expert system with a sound formal basis is presented, as well as a practical evaluation of the feasibility of various programming paradigms in the language of an expert system shell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmentation of Permeability in the Bronchial Epithelium by the House Dust Mite Allergen Der p1 (1995)

Sequence analyses have revealed the existence of homology between certain aeroallergens and proteolytic enzymes. This homology can be expressed functionally, but its significance to airway pathophysiology is unknown. Studies with Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and canine tracheal epithelial cells grown on plastic substrata or matrix proteins suggest that Der p1, a major allergen from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and a cysteine proteinase, or the unfractionated growth medium extract (SGME) from which it was purified, are both capable of causing cell detachment. The ability of both agents to produce functional changes in the barrier function of the epithelium was further demonstrated using isolated bovine airway preparations. Over a 3-h duration, both Der p1 and SGME elicited significant increases in the permeability of isolated sheets of bronchial mucosa to serum albumin. Exposure of isolated bronchial segments to luminally applied solutions of Der p1 resulted in histologic evidence of epithelial injury. Neither Der p1 nor SGME was active in these experimental systems unless chemically reduced, suggesting that the effect was initiated by cysteine proteinase activity. Similar augmentation of mucosal permeability and tissue injury was produced by bovine trypsin and collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum. In both the isolated mucosal sheet model and in cultured cells, the actions of Der p1 or SGME were associated with relatively little cytolysis, suggesting a specific action of the reagents on cell attachment. These results demonstrate a new functional activity of Der p1 that may be germane to the processes of allergen presentation, inflammatory cell activation, and chronic tissue injury.
Demonstration of a Discretely Tunable III-V-on-Silicon Sampled Grating DFB Laser (2016)

We demonstrate discrete wavelength tuning with a heterogeneously integrated III-V-on-silicon sampled grating distributed feedback laser. With only two injection currents, the laser is tunable over a wavelength range larger than 55 nm in wavelength steps of 5 nm. A maximum waveguide-coupled output power of 15 dBm is obtained as well as a high side mode suppression of more than 33 dB for all wavelength channels.
Precision six degrees of freedom magnetically-levitated photolithography stage (1997)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.