gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained high-level expression of full-length human factor VIII and restoration of clotting activity in hemophilic mice using a minimal adenovirus vector (2000)

The successful prophylactic treatment of hemophilia A by frequent infusions of plasma concentrates or recombinant factor VIII (hFVIII) indicates that gene therapy may be a potential alternative for the treatment of the disease. For efficient delivery and long-term expression of the hFVIII gene, a novel minimal adenovirus (mini-Ad) vector, MiniAdFVIII, has been developed. The vector is devoid of all viral genes and carries the full-length hFVIII cDNA under the control of the human 12.5-kb albumin promoter. The MiniAdFVIII vector was propagated with the assistance of an ancillary vector in 293 cells and was purified by CsCl banding. Sustained expression of hFVIII at physiologic levels (100-800 ng/mL) was achieved in mice after a single intravenous injection of MiniAdFVIII. The expressed hFVIII had a structure identical to that of recombinant hFVIII, as determined by Western blot analysis. The functionality of the protein was confirmed by the restoration of blood coagulation capacity in MiniAdFVIII-treated hemophilic mice, as determined by tail clipping observations. Although antivector or antihuman FVIII antibodies at various levels were detected, long-term expression of the transgene was observed in the mice that did not generate antibodies against the transgene product. The vector DNA persisted in the liver tissues of the mice with long-term expression. No significant histopathologic findings or toxicities were observed to be associated with the vector in the MiniAdFVIII-treated C57BL/6 mice. These results support the further development of MiniAdFVIII for clinical trials toward the treatment of hemophilia A.
Analytical shape computation of macromolecules: I. molecular area and volume through alpha shape (1998)

The size and shape of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids play an important role in their functions. Prior efforts to quantify these properties have been based on various discretization or tessellation procedures involving analytical or numerical computations. In this article, we present an analytically exact method for computing the metric properties of macromolecules based on the alpha shape theory. This method uses the duality between alpha complex and the weighted Voronoi decomposition of a molecule. We describe the intuitive ideas and concepts behind the alpha shape theory and the algorithm for computing areas and volumes of macromolecules. We apply our method to compute areas and volumes of a number of protein systems. We also discuss several difficulties commonly encountered in molecular shape computations and outline methods to overcome these problems.
Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>trans</i>-4,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Imidazolidin-2-ones by Reaction of an α-Nitrogen Carbanion with Imines (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTStereoselective Synthesis of trans-4,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Imidazolidin-2-ones by Reaction of an α-Nitrogen Carbanion with IminesNaoki Kise, Kimiaki Kashiwagi, Mitsuru Watanabe, and Jun-ichi YoshidaView Author Information Division of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-01, JapanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2, 428–429Publication Date (Web):January 26, 1996Publication History Received5 September 1995Published online26 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951592khttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951592krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views589Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adducts,Anions,Reaction products,Selectivity,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Triage for health care in a metropolis: Paris under Napoleon. (1991)

Paris under Napoleon offers the earliest example of medical patient triage in a metropolis. A central admitting office opened at the Hotel-Dieu of Paris in 1801 under the supervision of a municipal hospital council. It admitted about 22,000 patients in the first eighteen months. This number represented about 44% of all applicants; another 16,000 were admitted to various hospitals as emergencies; the rest were treated as outpatients and helped on the spot or referred to district welfare offices, dispensaries, and nursing homes. Thus the historian can discern a concerted effort by hospital authorities to keep indigent patients out of the hospital.
Mites Associated With British Species of Ornithomya (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) (1967)

Journal Article Mites Associated With British Species of Ornithomya (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) Get access D. S. Hill, D. S. Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nixon Wilson, Nixon Wilson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. B. Corbet G. B. Corbet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1 May 1967, Pages 102–122, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/4.2.102 Published: 01 May 1967
Remote Data Auditing in Cloud Computing Environments (2015)

Cloud computing has emerged as a long-dreamt vision of the utility computing paradigm that provides reliable and resilient infrastructure for users to remotely store data and use on-demand applications and services. Currently, many individuals and organizations mitigate the burden of local data storage and reduce the maintenance cost by outsourcing data to the cloud. However, the outsourced data is not always trustworthy due to the loss of physical control and possession over the data. As a result, many scholars have concentrated on relieving the security threats of the outsourced data by designing the Remote Data Auditing (RDA) technique as a new concept to enable public auditability for the stored data in the cloud. The RDA is a useful technique to check the reliability and integrity of data outsourced to a single or distributed servers. This is because all of the RDA techniques for single cloud servers are unable to support data recovery; such techniques are complemented with redundant storage mechanisms. The article also reviews techniques of remote data auditing more comprehensively in the domain of the distributed clouds in conjunction with the presentation of classifying ongoing developments within this specified area. The thematic taxonomy of the distributed storage auditing is presented based on significant parameters, such as scheme nature, security pattern, objective functions, auditing mode, update mode, cryptography model, and dynamic data structure. The more recent remote auditing approaches, which have not gained considerable attention in distributed cloud environments, are also critically analyzed and further categorized into three different classes, namely, replication based, erasure coding based, and network coding based, to present a taxonomy. This survey also aims to investigate similarities and differences of such a framework on the basis of the thematic taxonomy to diagnose significant and explore major outstanding issues.
Scanning and Sequential Decision Making for Multidimensional Data–Part I: The Noiseless Case (2007)

We investigate the problem of scanning and prediction (ldquoscandiction,rdquo for short) of multidimensional data arrays. This problem arises in several aspects of image and video processing, such as predictive coding, for example, where an image is compressed by coding the error sequence resulting from scandicting it. Thus, it is natural to ask what is the optimal method to scan and predict a given image, what is the resulting minimum prediction loss, and whether there exist specific scandiction schemes which are universal in some sense. Specifically, we investigate the following problems: first, modeling the data array as a random field, we wish to examine whether there exists a scandiction scheme which is independent of the field's distribution, yet asymptotically achieves the same performance as if this distribution were known. This question is answered in the affirmative for the set of all spatially stationary random fields and under mild conditions on the loss function. We then discuss the scenario where a nonoptimal scanning order is used, yet accompanied by an optimal predictor, and derive bounds on the excess loss compared to optimal scanning and prediction. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper on sequential decision making for multidimensional data. It deals with clean, noiseless data arrays. The second part deals with noisy data arrays, namely, with the case where the decision maker observes only a noisy version of the data, yet it is judged with respect to the original, clean data.
Comentario al trabajo de ingreso 'La valvulopatía del síndrome antifosfolípido primario (SAFP). (2000)

De manera similar a lo que ocurre con padecimientos o sindromes de reciente descripcion; vgr. fascitis eosinofilica, enfermedad mixta del tejido conjuntivo, sindrome de aceite toxico, por mencionar tan solo algunos de los relacionados a la especialidad de reumatologia, el sindrome de antifosfolipido ya sea primario o secundario a lupus eritematoso, alcanza su mejor definicion y entendimiento con su estudio cuidadoso a traves del tiempo. De esta forma, las aportaciones internacionales de diversos investigadores mexicanos, han sido de particular relevancia como contribuciones originales en este campo, enriqueciendo asi el conocimiento que se tiene actualmente sobre este singular padecimiento autoinmune.
El trabajo de ingreso que presenta la doctora Maria del Carmen Amigo, ilustra clara y objetivamente lo expuesto con anterioridad, al hacer la descripcion de la valvulopatia asociada al sindrome de antifosfolipido primario (SAFP), afeccion no reconocida en la descripcion original del sindrome y sobre la cual, en la ultima decada, diversos grupos han hecho observaciones diversas, mas no sobre aquellas relacionadas a su comportamiento y evolucion en forma prospectiva.
SNARE proteins are highly enriched in lipid rafts in PC12 cells: Implications for the spatial control of exocytosis (2001)

Lipid rafts are microdomains present within membranes of most cell types. These membrane microdomains, which are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, have been implicated in the regulation of certain signal transduction and membrane traffic pathways. To investigate the possibility that lipid rafts organize exocytotic pathways in neuroendocrine cells, we examined the association of proteins of the exocytotic machinery with rafts purified from PC12 cells. The target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (tSNARE) proteins syntaxin 1A and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) were both found to be highly enriched in lipid rafts ( approximately 25-fold). The vesicle SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)2 was also present in raft fractions, but the extent of this recovery was variable. However, further analysis revealed that the majority of VAMP2 was associated with a distinct class of raft with different detergent solubility characteristics to the rafts containing syntaxin 1A and SNAP-25. Interestingly, no other studied secretory proteins were significantly associated with lipid rafts, including SNARE effector proteins such as nSec1. Chemical crosslinking experiments showed that syntaxin1A/SNAP-25 heterodimers were equally present in raft and nonraft fractions, whereas syntaxin1A/nSec1 complexes were detected only in nonraft fractions. SDS-resistance assays revealed that raft-associated syntaxin1A/SNAP-25 heterodimers were able to interact with VAMP2. Finally, reduction of cellular cholesterol levels decreased the extent of regulated exocytosis of dopamine from PC12 cells. The results described suggest that the interaction of SNARE proteins with lipid rafts is important for exocytosis and may allow structural and spatial organization of the secretory machinery.
Bathymodiolamides A and B, Ceramide Derivatives from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Invertebrate Mussel, <i>Bathymodiolus thermophilus</i> (2011)

Two ceramide derivatives, bathymodiolamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent invertebrate mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus. The molecular structures of these compounds were determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical degradation. Biological activities were assessed in a ApopScreen cell-based screen for apoptosis induction and potential anticancer activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of secondary metabolites from the marine hydrothermal vent mussel B. thermophilus.
Optimizing Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in the Management of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (2010)

The introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapies has dramatically improved the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and provides treatment options for patients who do not respond to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. However, the use of anti-TNF therapies still needs to be optimized. Dropoff rates, patients' lack of response, and toxicity are issues that need to be addressed to render these therapies more effective for more patients.
In Vitro Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Hepatocyte‐Like Cells Identified by Cellular Uptake of Indocyanine Green (2002)

ES cell-derived ICG-positive cells possess characteristics of hepatocytes, and ICG-staining is a useful marker to identify differentiated hepatocytes from EBs in vitro.
Minimal Lipidation of Pre-β HDL by ABCA1 Results in Reduced Ability to Interact with ABCA1 (2007)

Interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 results in the simultaneous generation of pre-beta HDLs of discrete size and chemical composition. These nascent particles are poor substrates for subsequent lipidation by ABCA1 and presumably require additional non-ABCA1-mediated lipidation for further maturation.
On-Chip Bondwire Magnetics with Ferrite-Epoxy Glob Coating for Power Systems on Chip (2008)

A novel concept of on-chip bondwire inductors and transformers with ferrite epoxy glob coating is proposed to offer a cost effective approach realizing power systems on chip (SOC). We have investigated the concept both experimentally and with finite element modeling. A <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math> factor of 30–40 is experimentally demonstrated for the bondwire inductors which represents an improvement by a factor of 3–30 over the state-of-the-art MEMS micromachined inductors. Transformer parameters including self- and mutual inductance and coupling factors are extracted from both modeled and measured <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:math>-parameters. More importantly, the bondwire magnetic components can be easily integrated into SOC manufacturing processes with minimal changes and open enormous possibilities for realizing cost-effective, high-current, high-efficiency power SOCs.
The <i>Aspergillus niger</i> transcriptional activator XlnR, which is involved in the degradation of the polysaccharides xylan and cellulose, also regulates <scp>d</scp>‐xylose reductase gene expression (2000)

Screening of an Aspergillus niger differential cDNA library, constructed by subtracting cDNA fragments of a xlnR loss-of-function mutant from wild-type cDNA fragments, resulted in the cloning of the gene encoding D-xylose reductase (xyrA). Northern blot analysis using an A. niger wild-type strain, a xlnR multiple-copy strain and a xlnR loss-of-function mutant confirmed that the xyrA gene is regulated by XlnR, the transcriptional activator of the xylanolytic enzyme system in A. niger. D-xylose reductase catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of D-xylose to xylitol, which is the first step in D-xylose catabolism in fungi. Until now, XlnR was shown to control the transcription of genes encoding extracellular hydrolytic enzymes involved in cellulose and xylan degradation. In the present study, we show that A. niger is able to harmonize its sugar metabolism and extracellular xylan degradation via XlnR by regulating the expression of XyrA.
Immunological Specificity of the Glycoproteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Subtypes 1 and 2 (1972)

SUMMARY The glycoproteins of cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 (HSV-1 or HSV-2) were solubilized with non-ionic detergent NP-40 and electrophoresed in acrylamide gels. At least 12 bands containing virus glycoproteins were formed. The HSV-1 glycoproteins correspond in electrophoretic mobility to structural proteins in the HSV virions and to the virus proteins in plasma membranes of infected cells. All virus glycoproteins were bound to immunoadsorbent columns made by cross-linking either homologous or heterologous antibody. Immunoadsorbent columns readily discriminated between host and virus glycoproteins. The differentiation between HSV-1 and HSV-2 glycoproteins varied; the degree of specificity of the immunoadsorbent gels was related to the specificity exhibited by the antisera in neutralization tests. All immunoadsorbent antibody gels tested bound homologous glycoproteins in proportions similar to those in the input extract. Immunoadsorbent antibody gels of high specificity bound disproportionate amounts of only a few heterologous glycoproteins. Immunoadsorbent antibody gels of low specificity reacted with heterologous glycoprotein preparations as if they were a homologous preparation.
Polarized light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals: theory (1982)

A scattering model involving complete polarization information for arbitrarily oriented hexagonal columns and plates is developed on the basis of the ray tracing principle which includes contributions from geometric reflection and refraction and Fraunhofer diffraction. We present a traceable and analytic procedure for computation of the scattered electric field and the associated path length for rays undergoing external reflection, two refractions, and internal reflections. We also derive an analytic expression for the scattering electric field in the limit of Fraunhofer diffraction due to an oblique hexagonal aperture. Moreover the theoretical foundation and procedures are further developed for computation of the scattering phase matrix containing 16 elements for randomly oriented hexagonal crystals. Results of the six independent scattering phase matrix elements for randomly oriented large columns and small plates, having length-to-radius ratios of 300/60 and 8/10 microm, respectively, reveal a number of interesting and pronounced features in various regions of the scattering angle when a visible wavelength is utilized in the ray tracing program. Comparisons of the computed scattering phase function, degree of linear polarization, and depolarization ratio for randomly oriented columns and plates with the experimental scattering data obtained by Sassen and Liou for small plates are carried out. We show that the present theoretical results within the context of the geometric optics are in general agreement with the laboratory data, especially for the depolarization ratio.
Case report of intrafamilial variability in autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy associated to a novel BIN1 stop mutation (2010)

Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) describe a group of rare muscle diseases typically presenting an abnormal positioning of nuclei in muscle fibers. To date, three genes are known to be associated to a classical CNM phenotype. The X-linked neonatal form (XLCNM) is due to mutations in MTM1 and involves a severe and generalized muscle weakness at birth. The autosomal dominant form results from DNM2 mutations and has been described with early childhood and adult onset (ADCNM). Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy (ARCNM) is less characterized and has recently been associated to mutations in BIN1, encoding amphiphysin 2. Here we present the first clinical description of intrafamilal variability in two first-degree cousins with a novel BIN1 stop mutation. In addition to skeletal muscle defects, both patients have mild mental retardation and the more severely affected male also displays abnormal ventilation and cardiac arrhythmia, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of BIN1-related CNM to non skeletal muscle defects. We provide an up-to-date review of all previous cases with ARCNM and BIN1 mutations.
Moonlab - A design for a semipermanent lunar base (1970)

Semipermanent 24-man lunar base Moonlab with farm of higher plants for food and atmosphere control
Large scale evolution of convolutional neural networks using volunteer computing (2017)

This work presents a new algorithm called evolutionary exploration of augmenting convolutional topologies (EXACT), which is capable of evolving the structure of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). EXACT is in part modeled after the neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (NEAT) algorithm, with notable exceptions to allow it to scale to large scale distributed computing environments and evolve networks with convolutional filters. In addition to multithreaded and MPI versions, EXACT has been implemented as part of a BOINC volunteer computing project, allowing large scale evolution. During a period of two months, over 4,500 volunteered computers on the Citizen Science Grid trained over 120,000 CNNs and evolved networks reaching 98.32% test data accuracy on the MNIST handwritten digits dataset. These results are even stronger as the backpropagation strategy used to train the CNNs was fairly rudimentary (ReLU units, L2 regularization and Nesterov momentum) and these were initial test runs done without refinement of the backpropagation hyperparameters. Further, the EXACT evolutionary strategy is independent of the method used to train the CNNs, so they could be further improved by advanced techniques like elastic distortions, pretraining and dropout. The evolved networks are also quite interesting, showing "organic" structures and significant differences from standard human designed architectures.
Online Authentication Methods Used in Banks and Attacks Against These Methods (2019)

Growing threats and attacks to online banking security (e.g. phishing, identity theft) motivates most banks to look for and use stronger authentication methods instead of using a normal username and password authentication. The main objective of the research is to identify the most common online authentication methods used widely in international banks and compare it with the methods used in six banks operating in UAE. In addition, this research will cover the current authentication threats and attacks against these methods. Two well-defined comparison matrices [15], one based on characteristics and second one on attack vectors, will be used to examine and assess the authentication methods of those six banks. This paper is different than other studies and works since it will help to identify the common authentication methods used in banks operating in UAE. Moreover, the comparison matrices will help to examine those authentication methods, define their weaknesses, and evaluate them.