gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy (2014)

Intravital 2-photon microscopy of mucosal membranes across which nanoparticles enter the organism typically generates noisy images. Because the noise results from the random statistics of only very few photons detected per pixel, it cannot be avoided by technical means. Fluorescent nanoparticles contained in the tissue may be represented by a few bright pixels which closely resemble the noise structure. We here present a data-adaptive method for digital denoising of datasets obtained by 2-photon microscopy. The algorithm exploits both local and non-local redundancy of the underlying ground-truth signal to reduce noise. Our approach automatically adapts the strength of noise suppression in a data-adaptive way by using a Bayesian network. The results show that the specific adaption to both signal and noise characteristics improves the preservation of fine structures such as nanoparticles while less artefacts were produced as compared to reference algorithms. Our method is applicable to other imaging modalities as well, provided the specific noise characteristics are known and taken into account.
GRB2 and SH-PTP2: potentially important endothelial signaling molecules downstream of the TEK/TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase. (1995)

TEK is a newly cloned receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed predominantly in the endothelium of actively growing blood vessels. Disruption of TEK function in transgenic mice results in a profound defect in vascular development leading to embryonic lethality. These studies show that TEK signaling is indispensable for the development of the embryonic vasculature and suggest that TEK signaling may also be required for the development of the tumor vasculature. Because the ligand for TEK has not been identified, it has been difficult to study signal transduction by this important endothelial receptor. To circumvent this problem, a soluble TEK kinase domain (GTEKH) was developed which could be easily purified, autophosphorylated, and radiolabeled. Using the autophosphorylated, radiolabeled GTEKH to probe a mouse embryo expression library only two candidate signaling molecules were isolated, SH-PTP2 and GRB2. Autophosphorylated GTEKH associated with GRB2 and SH-PTP2 from endothelial lysates and not with PI3 kinase or PLC gamma. The association of GRB2 and SH-PTP2 with TEK was highly dependent on specific tyrosine residues in the TEK c-tail. These studies identify GRB2 and SH-PTP2 as potentially important mediators of TEK signaling that may trigger crucial endothelial responses during embryonic vascular development and during pathologic vascular growth.
Family communication (2009)

We interviewed and observed families in their homes to understand how they communicate across generations and across distances. The phone is still the most common way for keeping children in touch with distant relatives. However, many children can't talk on the phone by themselves until 7 or 8 years old. This paper examines the challenges children have with phone conversations, and looks at how families are currently working around these issues. These findings can help inform the design of future family communications technologies.
Nanomolar Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Using Horseradish Peroxidase Covalently Linked to Undoped Nanocrystalline Diamond Surfaces (2011)

In this article, we report on the low-level detection of hydrogen peroxide, a key player in the redox signaling pathway and a toxic product in the cellular system, using a colorimetric solution assay. Amine-terminated undoped nanocrystalline diamond thin films were grown on glass using a linear-antenna microwave plasma CVD process. The diamond surface consists mainly of -NH(2) termination. The aminated diamond surface was decorated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme using carbodiimide coupling chemistry. The success of the HRP immobilization was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The enzymatic activity of immobilized HRP was determined with a colorimetric test based on the HRP-catalyzed oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sufonic acid (ABTS) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The surface coverage of active HRP was estimated to be Γ = 7.3 × 10(13) molecules cm(-2). The use of the functionalized diamond surface as an optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide with a detection limit of 35 nM was demonstrated.
Paradoxical Diarrhea With Opiates (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The medical profession has literally been "blessed with the fruits" of the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy,<i>Papaver somniferum</i>, for thousands of years. It has also been plagued with the problem of patients in search of relief from severe diarrhea. The pharmacologically active constituents of opium have been found to be an effective mode of therapy in exhausting diarrheal states, ie, acute dysentery. It is not surprising, therefore, that opium and diarrhea should meet and form an intimate relationship. It is the purpose of this paper to present two cases of chronic diarrhea, which occurred during long term tincture of opium therapy, that were markedly decreased with discontinuation of the drug. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 34-year-old white man was seen at the UCLA Medical Center in 1968, because of a five-year history of cramping pain and watery diarrhea. In 1963 a resection of six feet of
Analysis Method for Generalized Suspended Striplines (1986)

This, paper describes an effective analysis method suited to generalized suspended striplines, that is, planar transmission lines having multiple conductor sheets on multiple substrates, and multiple supporting grooves or pedestals. Two example striplines structures are analyzed based on this method. Some experimental results are also shown.
Formation of oriented nanofibers using electrospinning (2006)

This letter reports on a simple, easy method for generating suspended nanofibers on a dielectric substrate using various target electrodes. By controlling the electrostatic field between the target electrodes, the nanofibers can be oriented to the electric field direction at the electrodes. The alignment of nanofibers was dependent on the applied frequency, field strength, and shape of the electrode.
Phase III study of aldoxorubicin vs investigators' choice as treatment for relapsed/refractory soft tissue sarcomas. (2017)

11000 Background: Aldoxorubicin (A) is a novel drug that binds covalently to albumin in the circulation, accumulates in tumors and releases doxorubicin in the acidic tumor environment. It has demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity in several murine models and in a phase IIb STS study when compared with doxorubicin. Trial Design: Phase III open-label study evaluating efficacy and safety of A compared to investigators' choice (IC) of treatment in subjects with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) who have relapsed or were refractory to prior chemotherapy. Objectives: (1) Primary: Efficacy of A vs IC: progression-free survival (PFS); (2) Secondary: Efficacy of A vs IC: tumor response (ORR), disease control rate (DCR; CR+PR+SD > 4 months), overall survival (OS) and safety. Methods: A: 350 mg/m 2 (260 mg/m 2 dox. equiv.) iv q3 wks. IC drugs: dacarbazine, doxorubicin, pazopanib, ifosfamide, gemcitabine/docetaxel administered per package insert or study site's standard practice; provided, with G-CSF, by the sponsor. AEs, serum chemistries, CBCs, EKG and ECHOs obtained frequently. CT scans every 6 weeks for 30 weeks, then every 12 weeks; analyzed using RECIST 1.1 by Blinded Independent Central Review. Results: Randomized 433 subjects; 79 countries; 313 (72%) in North America (NA) and 121 (28%) in Rest of World (ROW). Leiomyosarcoma 42.5%, liposarcoma 15%, synovial sarcoma 9%, others 33.5%, L-sarcomas (lipo+leiomyo) 57.5%. Median PFS Total Pop. (months): A= 4.06; IC= 2.96; p = 0.12; HR = 0.82 (0.64-1.06). Median PFS NA (months): A= 4.21; IC= 2.96; p = 0.027; HR = 0.71 (0.53-0.97). Median PFS L-sarcomas (months): A= 5.32; IC= 2.96; p = 0.007; HR = 0.62 (0.44-0.88). DCR Total Pop.(%): A= 30.3; IC= 20.9; p = 0.028; DCR NA (%): A= 32.9; IC= 19.2; p = 0.007; DCR L-Sarcomas (%): A= 37.5; IC= 23.0; p = 0.018. ORR and OS will be reported. TEAEs gr 3 or 4 (%): A= 61.0; IC= 46.4. Trtmt Rel. SAEs (%): A= 27.0; IC= 14.0. TEAEs leading to Drug Discontinue (%): A= 4.2; IC= 6.3. Trtmt Related Deaths (#); A= 3; IC= 0; LVEF < 50% expected (%): A= 2.8%;Dox = 12.8%. Conclusions: Aldox is an active, well-tolerated drug for treating relapsed or refractory STS and is significantly better than standard treatments for patients with L-sarcomas. Clinical trial information: NCT02049905.
Variation in Distortion with Magnification* (1955)

The distortion introduced in the image by a lens for a given axial inclination of the chief ray is a linear function of the magnification. Specifically, if D0 represents the distortion with parallel light incident on one side of the lens (zero magnification) and D∞ the distortion with parallel light incident on the other, then the distortion Dm at any magnification m is given by: Dm=D0−mD∞. This equation has been experimentally verified for examples of three types of symmetrical lenses.
Obfuscation of design intent in object-oriented applications (2003)

Protection of digital data from unauthorized access is of paramount importance. In the past several years, much research has concentrated on protecting data from the standpoint of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Software is a form of data with unique properties and its protection poses unique challenges. First, software can be reverse engineered, which may result in stolen intellectual property. Second, software can be altered with the intent of performing operations this software must not be allowed to perform.With commercial software increasingly distributed in forms from which source code can be easily extracted, such as Java bytecodes, reverse engineering has become easier than ever. Obfuscation techniques have been proposed to impede illegal reverse engineers. Obfuscations are program transformations that preserve the program functionality while obscuring the code, thereby protecting the program against reverse engineering. Unfortunately, the existing obfuscation techniques are limited to obscuring variable names, transformations of local control flow, and obscuring expressions using variables of primitive types. In this paper, we propose obfuscations of design of object-oriented programs.We describe three techniques for obfuscation of program design. The class coalescing obfuscation replaces several classes with a single class. The class splitting obfuscation replaces a single class with multiple classes, each responsible for a part of the functionality of the original class. The type hiding obfuscation uses the mechanism of interfaces in Java to obscure the types of objects manipulated by the program. We show the results of our initial experiments with a prototype implementation of these techniques. In particular, we shown that the runtime overheads of these obfuscations tend to be small.
The Antiapoptotic Activity of Melatonin in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2009)

Melatonin plays a neuroprotective role in models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection by melatonin are not well understood. Apoptotic cell death in the central nervous system is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and the antiapoptotic survival signal pathways play critical roles in neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the reports to date showing inhibition by melatonin of the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in neurodegenerative diseases including stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, the activation of survival signal pathways by melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.
<scp>Spray‐dried</scp> plasma: A post‐traumatic blood “bridge” for life‐saving resuscitation (2021)

Massive bleeding remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shed light on the pathophysiology of traumatic-induced coagulopathy and the central role of endotheliopathy. Transfusion therapy has changed dramatically in the last decade with use of red cells and plasma in a 1:1 ratio. The use of early transfusion increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome. Early intervention-preferably less than 60 min of injury-is a major factor in improved survival. Experience with dried plasma products-lyophilized or freeze-dried-in Europe and South Africa has demonstrated both safety and efficacy. Dry plasma products are not available in the United States but several products are in development. Spray-dried plasma contains clinically meaningful levels of coagulation activity and in vitro data suggest robust ability to generate thrombus. The decentralized, blood-center based manufacturing model of spray-dried plasma offers advantages for availability to meet routine and extraordinary demands.
Exploiting Persistent Linkage in Software Engineering Environments (1995)

Persistent programming systems are designed to provide technology for the construction and maintenance of large, long-lived object-based application systems. Many successful prototypes have been constructed and a large body of application building experience is emerging. Three common attributes of persistent systems are persistent linkage, strong typing, and the referential integrity of data. Persistent linkage allows persistent objects to be included in the binding process. Strong typing guarantees that objects are only manipulated in a manner consistent with their type system descriptions. Referential integrity ensures that once a link (reference) to an object is established, its identity is unique and it persists over time. As a consequence no object can be deleted while another refers to it. Here we examine some of the advantages of providing software engineering environments within a persistent object system with strong typing and referential integrity. It is shown how the integration of system specifications, programs, configuration management tools and documentation all within a single persistent environment leads to powerful new techniques. This new power is achieved by sharing structured persistent data across the hitherto enclosing boundaries of system components.
Incorporating dynamism in emergency route planning problem using immune-based approach (2015)

The occurrence of emergency events tends to spark a very chaotic reaction, inducing a large surge of demand (number of evacuees) which exceeds the available resources (pathway/network). Planning a suitable evacuation route and identifying the shortest evacuation route before the occurrence of extreme events are crucial for an effective evacuation process. Although evacuation plans can be orchestrated in advance, probable crowd dynamics, especially group-based characteristics (e.g. group formation, group relation, group competition, etc.), may occur, rendering unfeasible evacuation plan. Therefore, creating a dynamic and effective emergency route planning (ERP) approach is important for crowd survivability. There are number of ERP approaches have been proposed, which includes mathematical-based approach, heuristic-driven approach, and meta-heuristic approach. Although the meta-heuristic approaches are capable of handling dynamic constraints and produces optimum result, its lack of adoption in the domain of ERP problem serve as an encouragement of applying this approach. Therefore, an integrated evacuation planning approach with dynamism (iEvaP+) is proposed to cater the dynamic of groups in crowd and optimizing the route selection, where the use of immune-based meta-heuristic approach had effectively produces statistically significant results (p-value < 0.5 significance level) against an approach proposed by [1].
Explaining Interindividual Variability of Docetaxel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Asians Through Phenotyping and Genotyping Strategies (2002)

Midazolam may be used as a probe drug for CYP3A activity to predict docetaxel clearances, hence reducing interindividual variability. Homozygotes for CYP3A5*3 and C3435T of MDR1 are common in our population, and their effects on pharmacokinetics of relevant substrates should be studied further.
A critique of some methods proposed for evaluating the emulsifying capacity and emusion stabilizing performance of vegetable proteins (1995)

In recent years interest has developed in the possible use of several vegetable proteins, including leaves from various sources (GALOPPINI and FIORENTINI, 1986; FANTOZZI, 1986) as ingredients in foods. As a prerequiste, practical methods have been proposed for evaluating the functional properties of these proteins both on an individual basis and in conjunction with other proteins which are already used in foods (C.N.R. 1981). Two of the methods proposed in the C.N.R. publication relate to the use of the proteins as emulsifying agents. They correspond to methods which have been used for many years to evaluate their emulsigying capacity and also their ability to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. In both methods the proteins are examined on their own, that is, without any other emulsifying agent being present. This paper evaluates the two methods on the basis of principles of emulsion chemistry. It also discusses their prevalence to the assessment of the functional properties of vegetable proteins
50 GBit/s Photodetectors Based on Wafer-Scale Graphene for Integrated Silicon Photonic Communication Systems (2014)

Optical data links are the backbone of today's telecommunication infrastructure. The integration of electronic and optic components on one chip is one of the most attractive routes to further increase the system performance. Here, we present the fabrication of photodetectors based on CVD-grown graphene on silicon photonic waveguides. The devices operate bias-free in the C-band at 1550 nm and show an extrinsic −3 dB bandwidth of 41 GHz. We demonstrate that these detectors work at data rates up to 50 GBit/s with excellent signal integrity.
Design algorithms for path-level grooming of traffic in WDM metro optical networks (2008)

Recent research in new architecture design for wavelength-routed networks is focused on grooming (aggregation) of traffic at the optical layer. Typically, this is achieved in three steps: (1) configure the circuit in the form of a path or a tree; (2) use optical devices such as couplers or splitters to allow multiple users to share a circuit through point to point (P2P), point to multipoint (P2MP), multipoint to point (MP2P), or multipoint to multipoint (MP2MP); and (3) provide an arbitration mechanism to avoid contention among end users. We compare the performance of architectures that aggregate traffic at the path level. Based on extensive simulations, we conclude that, for the studied topology and traffic, (1) MP2MP outperforms other architectures by multiple orders of magnitude in single-hop scenarios, (2) P2P performs the best in multihop transceiver-constrained scenarios, and (3) P2MP performs the best in multihop wavelength-constrained scenarios.
Gate sizing and buffer insertion using economic models for power optimization (2004)

In this paper, we propose new algorithms for gate sizing and buffer insertion that aim at reducing the switched capacitance in gate level circuits. We have formulated the gate sizing and the buffer insertion problems as competitive resource allocation based auction theoretic games and develop solutions based on the Nash equilibrium function. The main contribution of this work is in the application of economic models and game theoretic solutions to logic synthesis problems for power optimization. The gate sizing problem is modeled as a Progressive Second Price (PSP) auction, where the players of the auction (representing the gates) bid for partial delays in each path of the circuit. The PSP auction process attempts to optimize the power consumption of each path in the circuit. The bids supplied by the players are used to determine the allocation for each player in the auction, using a game theoretic formulation. The size of a gate is determined based on its delay allocation. The gate sizing problem can be integrated with buffer insertion for better power optimization and we develop a game theoretic algorithm for combined gate sizing and buffer insertion. Experimental results on MCNC '91 benchmark circuits indicate that the proposed algorithms provide better power optimization than similar approaches in the literature, and are comparable in terms of run times.
Inexpensive highly efficient VUV light detectors (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text William H. Wing, "Inexpensive highly efficient VUV light detectors," Appl. Opt. 18, 2346-2346 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Toxicity studies on turmeric (Curcuma longa): acute toxicity studies in rats, guineapigs & monkeys. (1980)

Acute toxicity studies conducted on different species of animals, including non-rodents, indicated that turmeric or its alcoholic extract was not toxic, even when consumed at the very high levels of 2.5 g/kg or 300 mg/kg body wt., resp.
A novel ultrasound imaging technique for portable and high speed imaging (2015)

In this work, a novel technique for ultrasound imaging named Computational Ultrasound has been developed. The computational ultrasound imaging operation involves sending and receiving unfocused echo pulses which are spatio-temporally apodized with random binary sequences. The single channel of acquired RF data is then decoded using convex optimization to obtain the image. The proposed system reduces or eliminates side lobes and speckle noise while providing good image quality only for a fraction of the cost and area of a conventional ultrasound system. Simulations show that computational ultrasound can successfully image sub-wavelength features at the expense of image quality.
Quality: the new healthcare imperative. (2007)

Increasing evidence shows that besides saving lives, quality initiatives can increase volume and market share, shorten hospital stays, and result in fewer complications and readmissions. A look at the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines program shows how evidence-based therapies have improved quality and patient outcomes.
Characterization of RFB4−<i>Pseudomonas</i> Exotoxin A Immunotoxins Targeted to CD22 on B-Cell Malignancies (1996)

To develop an immunotoxin for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, we constructed several candidate conjugates with RFB4, a B-cell specific anti-CD22 IgG1, and truncated forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE). The four versions of PE included PE35 and PE35KDEL, which were linked to RFB4 via a disulfide bond, and PE38 and PE38KDEL, which were linked via a thioether bond. The PE35 truncated forms, which are fully active in ADP ribosylation and lack receptor binding sequences, do not require intracellular proteolytic cleavage in order to be active. PE35KDEL has the consensus endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, KDEL, replacing the wild type PE C-terminal sequence, REDLK. The PE38 forms retain all of domain II and therefore require cleavage to be active within cells. Cytotoxicity experiments on CD22-positive cell lines revealed that the PE35 conjugates were more active than the PE38 versions and the presence of the KDEL sequence generally enhanced toxicity by 5-10-fold compared to that of REDLK. The RFB4-PE35KDEL immunotoxin was most active in cytotoxicity assays against Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines such as Daudi and CA46 (IC50 = 0.2 ng/mL) and displayed little cytotoxicity toward human vascular endothelial cells (IC50 > 20 micrograms/mL). Results of experiments conducted in nude mice showed that both RFB4-PE35KDEL and RFB4-PE35 could inhibit the development of subcutaneous CA46 tumors.