gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel approach for precise simulation of the EMG signal detected by surface electrodes (2001)

We propose a new electromyogram generation and detection model. The volume conductor is described as a nonhomogeneous (layered) and anisotropic medium constituted by muscle, fat and skin tissues. The surface potential detected in space domain is obtained from the application of a two-dimensional spatial filter to the input current density source. The effects of electrode configuration, electrode size and inclination of the fibers with respect to the detection system are included in the transfer function of the filter. Computation of the signal in space domain is performed by applying the Radon transform; this permits to draw considerations about spectral dips and clear misunderstandings in previous theoretical derivations. The effects of generation and extinction of the action potentials at the fiber end plate and at the tendons are included by modeling the source current, without any approximation of its shape, as a function of space and time and by using again the Radon transform. The approach, based on the separation of the temporal and spatial properties of the muscle fiber action potential and of the volume conductor, includes the capacitive tissue properties.
Optical Flow Guided Feature: A Fast and Robust Motion Representation for Video Action Recognition (2018)

Motion representation plays a vital role in human action recognition in videos. In this study, we introduce a novel compact motion representation for video action recognition, named Optical Flow guided Feature (OFF), which enables the network to distill temporal information through a fast and robust approach. The OFF is derived from the definition of optical flow and is orthogonal to the optical flow. The derivation also provides theoretical support for using the difference between two frames. By directly calculating pixel-wise spatio-temporal gradients of the deep feature maps, the OFF could be embedded in any existing CNN based video action recognition framework with only a slight additional cost. It enables the CNN to extract spatiotemporal information, especially the temporal information between frames simultaneously. This simple but powerful idea is validated by experimental results. The network with OFF fed only by RGB inputs achieves a competitive accuracy of 93.3% on UCF-101, which is comparable with the result obtained by two streams (RGB and optical flow), but is 15 times faster in speed. Experimental results also show that OFF is complementary to other motion modalities such as optical flow. When the proposed method is plugged into the state-of-the-art video action recognition framework, it has 96.0% and 74.2% accuracy on UCF-101 and HMDB-51 respectively. The code for this project is available at: https://github.com/kevin-ssy/Optical-Flow-Guided-Feature
Influences of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rb3 on electric and contractile activities of normal and damaged cultured myocardiocytes. (1992)

Free radical damage to the cultured myocardiocytes of Wistar rat was induced by adding xanthine 0.42 mmol.L-1 and xanthine oxidase 5.3 nmol.L-1 to the culture medium. 30 micrograms.ml-1 of Rb1, Rb2 or Rb3 extracted from the leaf and stem of Panax ginseng C A Meyer restored the action potentials (AP) of free radical damaged cells to normal, indicating their antioxidative action. On normal myocardial cells, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 20 micrograms.ml-1 inhibited the AP and spontaneous contractility, (suggesting the Ca channel blockade action of panaxadiol saponins). The degrees of their inhibitory effects were found to be Rb1 > Rb2 > Rb3. Their effects against X-XO were basically the same.
A novel and conserved pocket of human κ‐Fab fragments: Design, synthesis, and verification of directed affinity ligands (2004)

Antibodies of type IgG may be divided into two classes, called lambda or kappa, depending on the type of light chain. We have identified a conserved pocket between the two domains CH1 and CL of human IgG kappa-Fab, which is not present in the lambda type. This pocket was used as a target docking site with the purpose of exploring the possibilities of designing affinity ligands that could function as such even after immobilization to gel. The idea of the design arose mainly from the results of the saturated transfer difference (STD-NMR) screening of 46 compounds identified by means of virtual docking of 60 K diverse compounds from the Available Chemicals Directory (ACD). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used as an alternative method to monitor binding in solution. A total of 24 compounds belonging to a directed library were designed, synthesized, and screened in solution. They consist essentially of an amino acid condensed to a N,N'-methylated phenyl urea. STD-NMR results suggest that a small hydrophobic side chain in the condensed amino acid promotes binding, whereas a hydroxyl-group-containing side chain implies absence of STD-NMR signals. Three compounds of the directed library were immobilized and evaluated as chromatographic probes. In one case, using D-Pro as the condensed amino acid, columns packed with ligand-coupled Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences) retained two different monoclonal samples of kappa-Fab fragments with different variable regions, whereas a sample of monoclonal lambda-Fab fragments was not retained under similar chromatographic conditions.
Ectomography (1980)

The mathematical basis is described of a new radiographic method by which an arbitrarily thick layer of the patient may be reconstructed. The reconstruction is performed from at least 60 images of the volume under examination. Each of these images, which have to be in digital form, is subjected to a special filtration process of its spatial frequencies. The combination of all the images will form the resulting image of the layer--the ectomogram. The method has been analysed and tested in experiments simulated with a computer.
NMDA antagonist inhibits the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and suppresses cancer growth (2005)

Glutamate antagonists limit the growth of human cancers in vitro. The mechanism of anticancer action of NMDA antagonists is not known, however. In this article, we report that the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine inhibits the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, an intracellular signaling cascade that is activated by growth factors and controls the proliferation of cancer cells. Dizocilpine reduces the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein, suppresses the expression of cyclin D1, up-regulates the cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressor proteins p21 and p53, and increases the number of lung adenocarcinoma cells in the G(2) and S phases of the cell cycle. Silencing of the tumor suppressor protein p21 abolishes antiproliferative action of dizocilpine. Consistent with inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-signaling cascade, dizocilpine reverses the stimulation of proliferation induced by epidermal, insulin, and basic fibroblast growth factors in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, dizocilpine prolongs the survival of mice with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and slows the growth of neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma in mice. These findings reveal the mechanism of antiproliferative action of dizocilpine and indicate that it may be useful in the therapy of human cancers.
Mode-Based Beamforming with Closely Spaced Antennas (2007)

Beamforming with closely coupled antennas are investigated based on the orthogonal radiation modes of the coupled antenna system. Through a multiport decoupling network, these modes can be separated into different independent driving ports and matched individually; hence, although the strong mutual coupling still exists between the antennas, the mutual coupling between the modes are destructively canceled. The close antenna spacing impacts on the radiation impedances and the radiation Q factors of the higher order modes rather than the existence of the modes themselves. This finding overcomes the degradation caused by strong mutual coupling and leads to practical supergain arrays for beamforming. A pair of closely coupled monopole antennas is built as an example to validate this concept. Simulation and experiment have shown, with a pair of quarter-wave monopoles at 0.1λ spacing, 4~5dB gain increase of a single quarter-wave monopole can be achieved, which is very close to the ideal theoretical directivity.
Test Of Jet Engine Turbine Blades By Thermography (1985)

Two applications of thermography for testing and development of turbomachinery components are described: (1) Fabrication defects in the cooling system of internally cooled turbine blades are detected by transient heating of the blade and measurement of its surface temperature distribution by an infrared imaging system. Defects like blocking, narrowing, widening, and mispositioning of cooling channels can clearly be identified by the disturbance of the transient surface temperature distribution of the blade. (2) To improve the cooling configuration of turbine blades, the cooling effectiveness over the total blade surface must be determined under test conditions similar to those in the turbomachine. The infrared measurement of blade surface temperature distributions in a hot air cascade and the method to correct the infrared intensities for radiation reflected at the measuring surface are illustrated in an example.
Mobile Cloud Enabled Sensor Services: Opportunities, Challenges and Approaches (2015)

Cloud-enabled sensor services have had a profound impact on many facets of mobile computing in the Internet of Things "IoT". Not the least of which includes the control of the mobile sensor data stream by existing cloud services architecture. The challenges associated with these mobile sensors are virtually infinite as more devices are added to the IoT every second. In order to maintain a high degree of volume control and performance throughput as well as data quality, powerful cloud architectures must be designed, deployed and maintained. In addition to handling the high volume from existing sensor devices, additional tracking and control problems result from "humans as a sensor". These challenges will provide many opportunities for cloud based sensors services. Our research seeks to predict and explore the various opportunities, challenges and approaches in mobile sensor clouds and devices over the next few years.
Surfactant-assisted one-pot synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticle clusters with tunable cluster size and magnetic field sensitivity (2010)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have many potential biomedical applications. Improvements in their magnetic properties and solubility are necessary for these applications to realize their full potential. In this study, MNPs in the form of raspberry-like magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticle clusters, consisting of tiny Fe(3)O(4) particles with a diameter of approximately 20 nm, were prepared under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °C in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyhydroxysinnamic acid (DHCA). The primary particles were connected by DHCA molecules to form the clusters, which were well dispersed in water media because a COOH group from DHCA appeared on their surfaces. The cluster size could be tuned from 50 to 400 nm without changing the primary particle size by controlling the reaction time. Therefore, all prepared clusters displayed superparamagnetic properties at room temperature. In addition, the sensitivity of Fe(3)O(4) to an external magnetic field could also be controlled by the cluster size.
Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in 1994 (1995)

Since the discovery of the aflatoxins in the 1960s, regulations have been established in many countries to protect the consumer from harmful effects of mycotoxins that may contaminate foodstuffs. Various factors play a role in the decision-making process of setting limits for mycotoxins. These include scientific factors such as availability of survey data, toxicological data, analytical methodology, and knowledge about the distribution of mycotoxins in contaminated commodities. Economical and political factors such as commercial interests and sufficiency of food supply have their impact as well. International enquiries on existing mycotoxin regulation in foodstuffs and animal feedstuffs have been carried out several times in the 1980s and details about tolerances, legal bases, responsible authorities, official protocols of analysis and sampling have been published. The most recent enquiry is currently taking place as part of a contract with the Food and Agriculture Organization. At least 77 countries now have regulations for mycotoxins. An overview is presented of the tentative results of this enquiry, including frequency distributions of existing tolerances for aflatoxins and current trends.
Have Your Cake and Eat It, Too: Increasing Returns While Lowering Large Risks! (2001)

In the real world, the variance of portfolio returns provides only a limited quantification of incurred risks, as the distributions of returns have “fat tails” and the dependence between assets are only imperfectly accounted for by the correlation matrix. Value‐at‐risk and other measures of risks have been developed to account for the larger moves allowed by non‐Gaussian distributions. In this article, the authors distinguish “small” risks from “large” risks, in order to suggest an alternative approach to portfolio optimization that simultaneously increases portfolio returns while minimizing the risk of low frequency, high severity events. This approach treats the variance or second‐order cumulant as a measure of “small” risks. In contrast, higher even‐order cumulants, starting with the fourth‐order cumulant, quantify the “large” risks. The authors employ these estimates of portfolio cumulants based on fat‐tailed distributions to rebalance portfolio exposures to mitigate large risks.
A Low-Jitter Polyphase-Filter-Based Frequency Multiplier With Phase Error Calibration (2008)

A new low-jitter polyphase-filter-based frequency multiplier incorporating a phase error calibration circuit to reduce the phase errors is presented. Designing with a multiplication ratio of eight, it has been fabricated in a 0.13-mum CMOS process. For input frequency of 25 MHz, the measured jitter is 2.46 ps (rms) and plusmn9.33 ps (pk-pk) at 200-MHz output frequency, while achievable maximum static phase error of the calibration circuit is 2.4 ps. The calibration leads to the normalized rms jitter of 0.049%.
Statistical modeling of sequencing errors in SAGE libraries (2004)

An implementation using R is distributed as an R package. An online version is available at http://tagcalling.mbgproject.org
Expression of the cDNA encoding for mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C in Chinese-hamster ovary cells (1987)

The cloned cDNA encoding for mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH-C) was inserted immediately downstream to the MMTV 5' LTR promoter, and it was shown to synthesize mouse LDH-C polypeptide in Chinese-hamster ovary cells. The mouse LDH-C subunit and the endogenous Chinese-hamster LDH-A subunit formed in vivo a heterotetrameric LDH-A3C1 isoenzyme, and this novel isoenzyme exhibited enzymic activity utilizing lactate as substrate.
Nondestructive testing of bonding structures with liquid crystals (1966)

Nondestructive temperature change testing of bonded honeycomb structures with liquid crystals of cholesterol esters
Role of elasticity forces in thermodynamics of intercalation compounds: Self-consistent mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulations (2002)

We propose a self-consistent mean-field lattice-gas theory of intercalation compounds based on effective interactions between interstitials in the presence of the host atoms. In addition to short-range screened Coulomb repulsions, usually discussed in the lattice gas models, the present theory takes into account long-range effective attractions between intercalants due to elasticity of the host matrix. The mean-field phase diagram in the space of interaction parameters contains the domains of first- and second-order transitions of the order-disorder type, separated by a tricritical line, and the domain of the first-order transition of the gas–liquid-type separated from the homogeneous state by a critical line. Theoretical predictions are shown to be in qualitative agreement with the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The peculiarities of the phase diagram give an insight into different types of behavior of the open circuit voltage observed in rechargeable batteries, in which an intercalation compound is used as an electrode material.
Cell-free DNA and next-generation sequencing in the service of personalized medicine for lung cancer (2016)

Personalized medicine has emerged as the future of cancer care to ensure that patients receive individualized treatment specific to their needs. In order to provide such care, molecular techniques that enable oncologists to diagnose, treat, and monitor tumors are necessary. In the field of lung cancer, cell free DNA (cfDNA) shows great potential as a less invasive liquid biopsy technique, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising tool for analysis of tumor mutations. In this review, we outline the evolution of cfDNA and NGS and discuss the progress of using them in a clinical setting for patients with lung cancer. We also present an analysis of the role of cfDNA as a liquid biopsy technique and NGS as an analytical tool in studying EGFR and MET, two frequently mutated genes in lung cancer. Ultimately, we hope that using cfDNA and NGS for cancer diagnosis and treatment will become standard for patients with lung cancer and across the field of oncology.
Block adaptive prediction of colour television signals (1980)

A single coefficient block-adaptive predictor is described for encoding of colour television signals. The optimum coefficients were obtained for each block of incoming samples according to the selection of sampling frequency. The results show a reduction in large prediction errors, compared with a nonadaptive predictor, and also improvements in signal/prediction-noise ratio.
How Do We Get Money Out of Politics? (2013)

Rabbi Lerner’s Editorial in this issue of Tikkun provoked disagreement among some of the members of our editorial board, so we decided to invite a founder of the Move to Amend movement, David Cobb, and some others to participate with Rabbi Lerner in a roundtable discussion of his perspective. A transcription of the discussion — edited for space and clarity—appears below. We invite you to join this debate as well: please send your comments to letters@tikkun.org.
A method for finding similarity between multi-layer perceptrons by Forward Bipartite Alignment (2015)

We present Forward Bipartite Alignment (FBA), a method that aligns the topological structures of two neural networks. Neural networks are considered to be a black box, because neural networks have a complex model surface determined by their weights that combine attributes non-linearly. Two networks that make similar predictions on training data may still generalize differently. FBA enables a diversity of applications, including visualization and canonicalization of neural networks, ensembles, and cross-over between unrelated neural networks in evolutionary optimization. We describe the FBA algorithm, and describe implementations for three applications: genetic algorithms, visualization, and ensembles. We demonstrate FBA's usefulness by comparing a bag of neural networks to a bag of FBA-aligned neural networks. We also show that aligning, and then combining two neural networks has no appreciable loss in accuracy which means that Forward Bipartite Alignment aligns neural networks in a meaningful way.
Wee1-Hsp90 inhibitor combination treatment (2012)

This article refers to:Combined inhibition of Wee1 and Hsp90 activates intrinsic apoptosis in cancer cells
Research and clinical engagement with consumers who have lived experience of suicidal crisis (2013)

Therapeutic interpersonal engagement between nurses and consumers can be particularly valuable in the context of consumer suicidal crisis. Similarly, research engagement with people who have lived experience of suicidal crisis is vital to development of a more adequate knowledge base. However, both clinical and research engagement in relation to suicidal crisis requires fuller conceptualisation and realisation. Towards this, the current paper draws upon data from a PhD study that explored consumer and nurse experiences of mental health nursing care in the context of consumer suicidal crisis. The study employed a sequential, multi-method approach involving a survey of mental health nurses, in-depth semi-structured interviews with a sub-section of those nurses who had recent experience of caring for consumers in suicidal crisis, and then in-depth semi-structured interviews with consumers who had recovered from recent suicidal crisis. The study was guided by a framework thatsupported ethical imperatives, in particular ensuring consumer well-being while at the same time promoting their rights and desire to participate. In discussing the development and implementation of the research method, as well as some of the findings regarding consumer and nurse experiences of care, the fundamental importance of engagement across both clinical and research endeavours is reinforced. Moreover, in generating understanding of the nature of effective research and clinicalengagement recommendations are drawn regarding how such engagement may be more fully realised in comparable contexts.
Enzymatic Conversion of D-Glucose to D-Fructose (1967)

Propagation of Streptomyces phaeochromogenus by both shaking and submerged cultivations is described. The addition of Co++ to medium remarkably improved the activity of the cell to convert glucose into fructose. The cell grown with Co++ isomerized glucose at pH 9.0 and 7.5 similarly, whereas the cells grown without Co++ reacted with glucose at pH 9.3 as the optimum. In submerged cultivation, the mode of pH change during cultivation period varied depending on the kind of strain, carbon source and the presence of Co++. In the propagation of the strain SK, carbon and nitrogen sources were rather rapidly consumed resulting in cell growth, when pH value of the medium was falling. On the other hand, however, growth hardly developed at the pH values lower than 6.0. Therefore, it was necessary to adjust pH with alkali in order to get active cell yield.
Pregnancy Toxemia in the Ewe (1983)

Pregnancy toxemia, also known as ovine ketosis, lambing sickness, twin lamb disease, or domzietke, is a widespread, usually fatal disease of sheep. The disease also occurs occasionally in goats, and the clinical course is very similar to that in sheep.
Toxic and immunodepressive effects of L-asparaginase from E. coli and from Erwinia carotovora following chronic administration in rats. (1977)

The effects of the administration of L-asparaginase from E. coli and Erwinia carotovora were studied in rats treated for 90 days with 800 or 3200 IU/kg body weight. The studies included overall toxicity on the liver, pancreas, and enteric mucosa as evaluated by both opitcal and electron microscopic examination, biochemical findings, behaviour of IgM-hemolysin producing cells, and antias-paraginase antibody production. The toxic effect and the immunodepressive activity appeared rather early, tending later to decrease. No sex correlation or clear cut dose correlation were observed. However, slight differences in toxicity between the two types of L-ASN-ase were present.