gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS L. AND C. HORIZENTALIS MILL. ESSENTIAL OILS (2006)

The essential oils of fresh fruits and terminal branches with adherent leaves of Cupressus sempervirens L. and C. horizentalis Mill., growing in Iran, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The oils were also screened for bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities. Thirteen and ten components were identified in the essential oils of C. sempervirens and C. horizentalis, respectively. The main constituents of both fruits and leaves of C. sempervirens were a-pinene and -3-carene, while they were α-pinene and -2-carene for C. horizentalis. The essential oil of C. horizentalis leaves showed no antimicrobial activity against, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the essential oil of its fruits exhibited a weak effect on Bacillus subtilis. The essential oil of C. sempervirens leaves and fruits showed stronger antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms compared to C. horizentalis essential oils. C. sempervirens fruits were relatively rich in tannins, and the leaves and fruits of C. horizentalis were quite rich in saponins and tannins. The amounts of flavonoids and alkaloids were not very high in both parts of these plants.
Structure–Function Mapping of Key Determinants for Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis by Squalene and Squalene Synthase-like Enzymes from the Green Alga <i>Botryococcus braunii</i> Race B (2014)

Squalene and botryococcene are branched-chain, triterpene compounds that arise from the head-to-head condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate to yield 1'-1 and 1'-3 linkages, respectively. The enzymes that catalyze their formation have attracted considerable interest from the medical field as potential drug targets and the renewable energy sector for metabolic engineering efforts. Recently, the enzymes responsible for botryococcene and squalene biosynthesis in the green alga Botryococcus braunii race B were characterized. To better understand how the specificity for the 1'-1 and 1'-3 linkages was controlled, we attempted to identify the functional residues and/or domains responsible for this step in the catalytic cascade. Existing crystal structures for the mammalian squalene synthase and Staphylococcus dehydrosqualene synthase enzymes were exploited to develop molecular models for the B. braunii botryococcene and squalene synthase enzymes. Residues within the active sites that could mediate catalytic specificity were identified, and reciprocal mutants were created in an attempt to interconvert the reaction product specificity of the enzymes. We report here the identification of several amino acid positions contributing to the rearrangement of the cyclopropyl intermediate to squalene, but these same positions do not appear to be sufficient to account for the cyclopropyl rearrangement to give botryococcene.
The L-type amino acid transporter LAT1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and maintains bone homeostasis through the mTORC1 pathway (2019)

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), which is encoded by <i>solute carrier transporter 7a5</i> (<i>Slc7a5</i>), plays a crucial role in amino acid sensing and signaling in specific cell types, contributing to the pathogenesis of cancer and neurological disorders. Amino acid substrates of LAT1 have a beneficial effect on bone health directly and indirectly, suggesting a potential role for LAT1 in bone homeostasis. Here, we identified LAT1 in osteoclasts as important for bone homeostasis. <i>Slc7a5</i> expression was substantially reduced in osteoclasts in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. The osteoclast-specific deletion of <i>Slc7a5</i> in mice led to osteoclast activation and bone loss in vivo, and <i>Slc7a5</i> deficiency increased osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Loss of <i>Slc7a5</i> impaired activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway in osteoclasts, whereas genetic activation of mTORC1 corrected the enhanced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in <i>Slc7a5</i>-deficient mice. Last, <i>Slc7a5</i> deficiency increased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (<i>Nfatc1</i>) and the nuclear accumulation of NFATc1, a master regulator of osteoclast function, possibly through the canonical nuclear factor κB pathway and the Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling axis, respectively. These findings suggest that the LAT1-mTORC1 axis plays a pivotal role in bone resorption and bone homeostasis by modulating NFATc1 in osteoclasts, thereby providing a molecular connection between amino acid intake and skeletal integrity.
Cytokine expression in lupus kidneys (2005)

Although far from complete, the picture of cytokines present in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) glomerulonephritis is already complex. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-18 are upregulated, as are both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, with different implications. In many instances, the local effects may be different from the systemic immunoregulatory ones. For some proinflammatory cytokines, and TNF in particular, the local proinflammatory ones may be more relevant to the disease. This may help solve discrepancies between different murine models of the disease and provide a better rationale for targeting certain cytokines in human SLE.
The evolution of software pricing: from box licenses to application service provider models (2000)

Software is the intellectual capital output of the codified knowledge of a programming team. The development cost is high, but the variable cost of sale is substantially lower (negligible) than for hard goods. Unfortunately, there does not exist a valid or reliable measure to value software. The trend has been to align pricing to the activities that buyers realize value from. However, new architectures change the nature of where value is realized and how service becomes part of the equation. There does not exist a perfect generic pricing model. Vendors must understand the value they provide to their customers and create a price structure that aligns pricing with value realization, but more importantly facilitates their business objectives of the product (and service).
Design of high-temperature SiC three-phase AC-DC converter for >100°C ambient temperature (2010)

High temperature (HT) converters have become more and more important in industrial applications where the converters will operate in a harsh environment. These environments require the converter to have not only high-temperature semiconductor devices (SiC, GaN) but also high-temperature control electronics. This paper describes a design process for a three-phase PWM rectifier. The SiC JFET planar structure is used for the main semiconductor devices. Other high-temperature components, including the passive components, silicon-on-insulator chips and the auxiliary components are studied and summarized. Finally, a 1.4 kW lab prototype is fabricated and tested for verification.
Investigation on yield and quality characteristics of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. (2011)

[Objective] The aim was to study on the biological yields of different parts of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. and to carry out preliminary study on different resource quality characteristics, so as to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of its stems and leaves resources. [Method] Representative plants of Curcuma spp. in main producing region were selected randomly and the different parts of plants were taken as the tested materials. According to the methods in 2005 Chinese Pharmacopoeia, plant yields and quality characteristics of C. phaeocaulis were detected. [Result] Yield of Ermujiang per hole reached 224.44 g; photosynthates in stems and leaves, fat-soluble ingredients, protein yields accounted for 40.61%, 42.05% and 38.06% of the total resources, respectively. The content of fat-soluble ingredients in leaves was the highest (2.897%). The total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content in C. phaeocaulis met the demand for RHIZOMA CURCUMAE and Curcuma spp. in the 2005 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. [Conclusion] Stems and leaves of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. were available and valuable resources. Therefore, C. phaeocaulis in main production area should be harvested before wilting; and the stems and leaves of C. phaeocaulis should be reutilized to enhance its oil yield, or be used as feedstuff, which could further enhance the economic benefit of peasant households.
A Subgroup of Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis Overexpress the c-erb B-2 Protooncogene (1994)

These findings indicate the c-erb B-2 is not overexpressed in most patients with CP. However, its overexpression in patients with CP with EHP suggest that c-erb B-2 may contribute to the pathophysiologic processes that lead to pancreatic head enlargement.
A selective histochemical method for the quantitative estimation of elastic fibers by computerized morphometric analysis. Effect of colchicin treatment. (1986)

A morphometric technique is reported that uses a new selective staining of the elastic system fibers in skin biopsy specimens to facilitate the quantitative evaluation of the volume fraction occupied by these elastic fibers in the tissue. The study of elastic fibers in the dermis of 30 patients, before and after six months of treatment with Colchicin, was carried out with a Quantimet 720 system. Preelastic (oxytalan and elaunin) fibers and mature elastic fibers were quantitated separately. Compared to the average volume fraction (surface occupied by the elastic fibers) before treatment with Colchicin (1.449 +/- 0.64%), the mean values after treatment were significantly increased (2.076 +/- 0.61%). The same results were found for the preelastic fibers: 0.807 +/- 0.51% before treatment and 1.025 +/- 0.54% after treatment. These results demonstrate the advantages of our monochromatic staining method for automatic quantitation of elastic fibers as well as the possibilities of the quantitative study of the elastic fibers in human dermis. This methodology should be applicable to other inherited or acquired diseases affecting skin elastic fibers as well as to other tissues containing elastic fibers.
China - Second Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project (1998)

The Loess Plateau Soil and Water Conservation project is intended to improve the quality of life and to ameliorate the local eco-environment through subbasin-based comprehensive erosion management in light of actual conditions. The project will bring about enormous environmental benefits, but improper construction and management may also represent some adverse impacts. Positive impacts will occur in the runoff-sediment regime, water quality, soil quality, vegetation increase, afforestation (decreasing wind speed), improved quality of life, and improved sanitation. Possible problems during the construction phase may be mitigated through recultivation and afforestation of borrow areas upon completion of construction. There will be an increasing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, although still lower than the national average. Other mitigating measures include enhancement of project management, proper arrangement of engineering measures (preventing the rise of the water table), development of plant disease and pest control plans on the basis of agricultural control; greater efforts for technical training and popularization concerning chemical fertilizers and pesticides; and strengthening of project monitoring activities.
The effect of subcrestal placement of the polished surface of ITI® implants on marginal soft and hard tissues (1996)

In order to achieve esthetically more satisfying results, it has been proposed to place ITI implants with their border between the rough and smooth surfaces below the level of the alveolar crest, thereby obtaining a submucosally located implant shoulder following healing. The aim of the present experimental study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the tissue response to the placement of one-stage transmucosal implants with the border between the rough and the smooth surfaces sunk by 1 mm into a subcrestal location. 11 patients underwent comprehensive dental care including the placement of 2 implants of the ITI Dental Implant System in the same quadrant (test and control). Randomly assigned control implants were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions, i.e. the border between the rough titanium plasma-sprayed and the smooth polished surfaces precisely at the alveolar crest. At the test implant the apical border of the polished surface was placed approximately 1 mm below the alveolar crest. Probing bone levels were assessed at implant placement (baseline), 4 and 12 months later. Modified plaque and modified gingival indices were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 12 months. Clinical probing depth and "attachment" levels were measured at 4 and 12 months. All parameters were assessed at 6 sites around each implant. The mean for each implant was calculated and used for analysis. The Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test and the Student t-test were applied to detect differences over time and between the test and control implants. At baseline, a mean difference in probing bone level of -0.86 mm (SD 0.43 mm, p < 0.05) was found between test and control implants with the test implants being placed more deeply. Both test and control implants lost a significant amount of clinical bone height during the first 4 months (test 1.16 mm, p < 0.05; control 0.58 mm, p < 0.05). However, only the test implants significantly lost clinical bone height from 4-12 months (test 1.04 mm, p < 0.05; control 0.45 mm, p = 0.08). Overall, the test implants lost 2.26 mm and the control implants 1.02 mm of bone height during the first year of service. On the average, the test implants demonstrated a bone level of 0.38 mm lower than the controls at 12 months. Except for the modified gingival index at 4 months (mean difference 0.21, SD 0.19, p < 0.05), no clinical parameters yielded significant differences between test and control implants at any time. It is concluded that in addition to the crestal bone resorption occurring at implants placed under standard conditions, the bone adjacent to the polished surface of more deeply placed ITI implants is also lost over time. From a biological point of view, the placement of the border between the rough and the smooth surfaces into a subcrestal location should not be recommended.
A low-power easy-to-calibrate temperature transducer (1982)

This paper describes a modified IC temperature transducer with an intrinsic reference whose main features are: easy calibration (in a single step), high sensitivity over a wide temperature range (-4.6 mV//spl deg/C; -50/spl deg/C to +125/spl deg/C), low output impedance (40 /spl Omega/), and low-power dissipation (200 /spl mu/W). The device in which diffused resistors are applied has been fabricated in a conventional IC process. Its application in thermocouple cold-junction compensation is discussed.
Combining fault injection and model checking to verify fault tolerance, recoverability, and diagnosability in multi-agent systems (2016)

We present an automated technique that combines fault injection with model checking to verify fault tolerance, recoverability, and diagnosability in multi-agent systems. We define a general method for mutating a multi-agent systems model representing correct behaviour by injecting faults into it, and specification patterns based on temporal-epistemic formulas to reason about the correct and faulty behaviours of the mutated model. The technique is implemented in a toolkit that can be used for injecting automatically faults into a multi-agent systems program. The usefulness of the methodology is demonstrated by injecting a number of faults into a model of the IEEE 802.5 token ring LAN protocol and analysing the protocol's fault tolerance, by verifying a number of temporal-epistemic specifications.
Knowledge based control of adhesive dispensing for surface mount device assembly (2003)

The results to date of a project using knowledge-based control techniques to resolve the problems encountered in the dispensing of the very viscous adhesives used to secure mounted components to mixed technology circuit boards before wave soldering are given. The work has two major thrusts, the accommodation of process variability with a rule-based system that controls a manufacturing cell and the accommodation of material variability with a real-time rule-based process control system. Dispensing problems are caused by variations in the material and system properties with, for example, batch, temperature, and time. A dispensing cell has been integrated that is able to use a rule-based object-oriented control system to resolve these problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Redistribution of the nuclear protein IFI16 into the cytoplasm of ultraviolet B-exposed keratinocytes as a mechanism of autoantigen processing (2010)

The finding that IFI16 is present in the cytoplasm of diseased skin cells from patients with SLE and the demonstration of IFI16 in the supernatants of UVB-exposed keratinocytes, suggest that UVB irradiation or other stimuli may favour an abnormal IFI16 presentation to the afferent limb of the immune system and potentially an autoimmune response against the protein itself.
The Cyclization of 3,3-Dimethyl-5-keto-hexanoic Acid to Dimedone by Sulfuric Acid (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cyclization of 3,3-Dimethyl-5-keto-hexanoic Acid to Dimedone by Sulfuric AcidT. Henshall, W. E. Silbermann, and J. G. WebsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 24, 6656–6658Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01629a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthetic aperture focusing for a single-element transducer undergoing helical motion (2011)

This paper describes the application of 3-D synthetic aperture focusing (SAF) to a single-element trans-rectal ultrasound transducer. The transducer samples a 3-D volume by simultaneous rotation and translation, giving a helical motion. Two different 3-D SAF methods are investigated, a direct and a two-step approach. Both methods perform almost identically for simulated scatterers and give a significant improvement in azimuth resolution and a constant resolution in elevation. Side lobes below -60 dB are achievable for both methods. Validation of the method is achieved by scanning a simple wire phantom and a complex phantom containing wires in azimuth and elevation. The simple wire phantom shows the same results as that found through simulation. The complex phantom shows simultaneous focusing in azimuth and elevation for the wire scatterers. Consideration of the processing requirements for both 3-D SAF methods shows that the two-step approach can give equivalent performance using an order of magnitude fewer calculations. This reduction requires a temporary storage of 9.1 GB of data for the investigated setup.
A Comparison Between Thermospray and Particle Beam LC/MS for Environmental Applications (1990)

A study is described comparing thermospray LC/MS and Particle Beam LC/MS techniques. The two systems are examined on the basis of applicability, quantitative and qualitative performance. On the basis of this study, the conclusions are drawn that the two techniques are roughly equivalent in both applicability, and quantitative performance, but generate different types of spectral information.
Vibrational Spectra and Experimental Assignments of Thymine and Nine of Its Isotopomers (1998)

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of polycrystalline natural abundance thymine, nine of its isotopic derivatives, and 2-thiothymine (5-methyl-2-thiouracil) are reported from 50 to 3500 cm-1. The isotopic derivatives are thymine-6-13C, thymine-α-13C, thymine-15N2, thymine-α,α,α,6-d4, and their respective N-deuterated compounds. The vibrational spectra are assigned using the frequency shifts upon isotopic substitution and are compared to previous assignments, both experimental and ab initio based. Extensive mixing of the vibrations in the region below 1750 cm-1 complicates the vibrational assignments in this region. However, many of the exocyclic stretching and bending vibrations are assigned with confidence, and many of the couplings can be ascertained with these thymine derivatives. The spectra of the isotopic derivatives described here resolve many of the controversial assignments in the literature and correct some previously misassigned vibrational bands. This represents the most complete experimental vibrational study of thymine to date and provides a useful experimental basis for future theoretical calculations.
Role of thermal boundary resistance on the heat flow in carbon-nanotube composites (2004)

We use classical molecular dynamics simulations to study the interfacial resistance for heat flow between a carbon nanotube and octane liquid. We find a large value of the interfacial resistance associated with weak coupling between the rigid tube structure and the soft organic liquid. Our simulation demonstrates the key role played by the soft vibration modes in the mechanism of the heat flow. These results imply that the thermal conductivity of carbon-nanotube polymer composites and organic suspensions will be limited by the interface thermal resistance and are consistent with recent experiments.