gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating levels of active ghrelin is associated with abdominal adiposity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2004)

Decreased plasma levels of active ghrelin are significantly associated with abdominal adiposity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance may suppress plasma levels of active ghrelin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Management of Interface between Main Contractor and Subcontractors for Successful Project Outcomes (2014)

There has been increased dependence on subcontracting within the construction industry, the operational relationship between the Main Contractor (MC) and Subcontractor (SC) plays a significant role in successful delivery of projects. Through the literature review this paper argues that despite SCs bring added value to construction projects, the increased reliance on SCs has strained relationships between the MC and SC. Also MCs are more concerned with risk and price reduction which undermine the relationship heavily. Current practices in the construction industry in managing SCs were evaluated through a case study and semi-structured interviews. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the ways of facilitating the interface between the MC and SC in general. The study highlighted that prevailing adverse relationships and culture in the industry are influencing the success of construction projects. The lack of trust is a key factor affecting the relationships between MC and SCs. However, the proactive involvement of the MC with SCs in maintaining continuity of the team from procurement to construction stage and transparency in the processes were key success factors for successful completion of the project.
Polysaccharide structure dictates mechanism of adaptive immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines (2018)

Glycoconjugate vaccines are among the most effective interventions for preventing several serious infectious diseases. Covalent linkage of the bacterial capsular polysaccharide to a carrier protein provides CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells with epitopes that facilitate a memory response to the polysaccharide. Classically, the mechanism responsible for antigen processing was thought to be similar to what was known for hapten-carrier conjugates: protease digestion of the carrier protein in the endosome and presentation of a resulting peptide to the T cell receptor on classical peptide-recognizing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Recently, an alternative mechanism has been shown to be responsible for the memory response to some glycoconjugates. Processing of both the protein and the polysaccharide creates glycopeptides in the endosome of antigen-presenting cells. For presentation, the peptide portion of the glycopeptide is bound to MHCII, allowing the covalently linked glycan to activate carbohydrate-specific helper CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (Tcarbs). Herein, we assessed whether this same mechanism applies to conjugates prepared from other capsular polysaccharides. All of the glycoconjugates tested induced Tcarb-dependent responses except that made with group C <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>; in the latter case, only peptides generated from the carrier protein were critical for helper T cell recognition. Digestion of this acid-sensitive polysaccharide, a linear homopolymer of α(2 → 9)-linked sialic acid, to the size of the monomeric unit resulted in a dominant CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell response to peptides in the context of MHCII. Our results show that different mechanisms of presentation, based on the structure of the carbohydrate, are operative in response to different glycoconjugate vaccines.
Infection control of field dental units. (1991)

The need for infection control procedures exists for dental care provided outside of dental treatment facilities. In a wartime scenario or during military training exercises, traditional dental clinic settings may not be available and the dental officer will be required to treat patients using equipment provided by the Army's Table of Organization and Equipment. This article reviews the dental literature and makes recommendations to aid the dental officer in developing an infection-control protocol for field dental equipment.
[Table, 188Re-Labeled humanized monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody]. (2008)

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a characteristic feature of a variety of cancers such as lung, breast, ovarian, head and neck, bladder, and colon cancers (1). EGFR is a 170-kDa transmembrane protein that promotes cell proliferation through a receptor-associated tyrosine kinase–mediated signal transduction pathway that is activated by the specific binding of autocrine molecules such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα). An increased activity of these factors is believed to contribute to the progression of cancers. There are indications that EGFR polymorphism is associated with differences in the in vitro toxicity of various DNA-interfering drugs that are used for the treatment of cancer (2). In an effort to develop therapy against cancer, a variety of EGFR inhibitors have been created that either inhibit activation of the receptor kinase or inhibit the binding of EGF and TGFα (e.g., monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the receptor) (3). In addition, efforts are under way to develop EGFR-based vaccines for the treatment of cancer patients with EGFR-positive tumors (4). EGFR is the target for treating various cancers in a variety of clinical trials approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.The murine MAb ior egf/r3, which has a high affinity for an extracellular domain of EGFR, was developed and tested for the treatment of cancers (5). This MAb was also labeled with radioactive technetium (99mTc) for molecular imaging of EGFR in tumors to possibly predict responses to a variety of therapeutic agents under development for the treatment of cancers (6). However, because of its immunogenicity, the 99mTc-labeled ior egf/r3 MAb has limited clinical utility, particularly if repeated imaging investigations are necessary (5). To circumvent this problem, a humanized form of ior egf/r3 was developed by combining the complimentary determining regions of the murine antibody with a human immunoglobulin-1 framework (7). This humanized antibody, designated as nimotuzumab, has a low affinity for the receptor; with modification of the hR3 structure, an antibody with a similar receptor affinity as the original murine MAb was obtained. The hR3 was subsequently labeled with 99mTc and investigated for its tissue distribution and imaging properties (5, 8).Nimotuzumab was also labeled with rhenium (188Re) because this radionuclide can serve as a dual-purpose agent that can be used for the treatment of cancers and for scintigraphic tumor imaging (it is a 15% γ-emitter with a high-energy β emission) (9). The biodistribution of 188Re-labeled nimotuzumab was investigated using single-photon emission computed tomography after locoregional administration in patients with high-grade gliomas (tumors in the brain).
A service interworking unit for accommodating multimedia communications with quality of service between ATM and Internet (2002)

Much has been written about the potential of quality of service (QoS) and the Internet. The integration of voice, data and video services modified the target of networking technologies. Networks must have some capabilities for integration of various services and also for QoS support as required by each of those services. The EAGIS (Efficient ATM Gateway for real time Internet Service) consists of the interworking unit and the service broker to provide seamless multimedia service between the ATM network and the Internet. The authors explain the design of the interworking unit of the EAGIS. For a real time delivery of multimedia service between the ATM network and the Internet, the interworking unit of the EAGIS performs the following functions: protocol conversion, data format conversion, traffic monitoring and bit-rate control. It converts the protocols of the ATM network to the Internet protocols for real time delivery. Also, it does data format conversion, traffic monitoring and bit-rate control to overcome bandwidth difference between the ATM network and the Internet.
Machine learning based adaptive flow classification for optically interconnected data centers (2016)

We optimize flow placement for a hybrid network implementing an adaptive neural network classifier. We predict elephant flows with high accuracy on anonymized university network traffic. We also demonstrate the capability to perform highly complex actions at 40 Gbps using less than 5% of co-processor capacity. This shows that it is possible to implement intelligent actions such as a neural network in a data center using fully programmable NICs without handicapping the server CPU.
Study on Initial Burst Release in PLGA Microspheres Controlled Delivery Systems (2003)

Initial burst release is one of the main obstacles to the clinical application of poly(D,L lactide co glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres controlled drug delivery systems. The article reviews the experimental observations of initial burst release, the factors causing burst release and some methods to control burst release in PLGA microspheres controlled drug delivery systems.
Interstitial volume modulates the conduction velocity-gap junction relationship (2011)

Cardiac conduction through gap junctions is an important determinant of arrhythmia susceptibility. Yet, the relationship between degrees of G(j) uncoupling and conduction velocity (θ) remains controversial. Conflicting results in similar experiments are normally attributed to experimental differences. We hypothesized that interstitial volume modulates conduction velocity and its dependence on G(j). Interstitial volume (V(IS)) was quantified histologically from guinea pig right ventricle. Optical mapping was used to quantify conduction velocity and anisotropy (AR(θ)). Albumin (4 g/l) decreased histologically assessed V(IS), increased transverse θ by 71 ± 10%, and lowered AR(θ). Furthermore, albumin did not change isolated cell size. Conversely, mannitol increased V(IS), decreased transverse θ by 24 ± 4%, and increased AR(θ). Mannitol also decreased cell width by 12%. Furthermore, mannitol was associated with spontaneous ventricular tachycardias in three of eight animals relative to zero of 15 during control. The θ-G(j) relationship was assessed using the G(j) uncoupler carbenoxolone (CBX). Whereas 13 μM CBX did not significantly affect θ during control, it slowed transverse θ by 38 ± 9% during mannitol (edema). These data suggest changes in V(IS) modulate θ, AR(θ), and the θ-G(j) relationship and thereby alter arrhythmia susceptibility. Therefore, V(IS) may underlie arrhythmia susceptibility, particularly in diseases associated with gap junction remodeling.
Intelligent environments and active camera networks (2002)

Intelligent environments provide challenging research problems for natural and efficient interfaces between humans and computers as well as between humans. We present a multimodal sensory intelligent system testbed based on some general requirements for developing intelligent environments. We also present rigorous experimental investigations on the processing and control modules for the active camera networks and the microphone array which are embedded in the intelligent room. An integrated intelligent system is developed utilizing four basic modules for visual and audio processing. The integrated system has the functionality of human tracking, active camera control, face recognition and speaker recognition. This system is demonstrated to be suitable for teleconferencing type of applications.
A classification-based methodology for planning audit strategies in fraud detection (1999)

Planning adequate audit strategies is a key success factor in a posterion' fraud detection, e.g., in the fiscal and insurance domains, where audits are intended to detect tax evasion and fraudulent claims. A case study is presented in this paper, which illustrates how techniques based on classification can be used to support the task of planning audit strategies. The proposed approach is sensible to some conflicting issues of audit planning, e.g., the trade-off between maximizing audit benefits vs. minimizing audit costs. A methodological scenario, common to a whole class of similar applications, is then abstracted away from the case study. The limitations of available systems to support the identified overall KDD process, bring us to point out the key aspects of a logic-based database language, integrated with mining mechanisms, which is used to provide a uniform, highly expressive environment for the various steps in the construction of the considered case-study.
Radiation induces an inflammatory response that results in STAT3-dependent changes in cellular plasticity and radioresistance of breast cancer stem-like cells (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> Pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment, such as IL-6, contribute to the maintenance of stem cells and promote their survival following treatment. The IL-6/STAT3 pathway is a key regulator of genes involved in cancer progression. Activation of STAT3 promotes expansion of cancer stem cells in triple negative breast cancer. Radiation has also been shown to expand cancer stem cell populations and can induce stemness in nonstem cells. However, the role of IL-6/STAT3 in radiation-induced changes in cellular plasticity is unclear.<b>Materials and methods:</b> Expression and secretion of IL-6 from triple-negative breast cancer cell lines SUM159PT and MDA-MB-231 were determined after radiation treatment by real-time PCR and ELISA. Activation of STAT3 after radiation was determined by western blotting. Changes in cellular plasticity induced by radiation were determined by examining ALDEFLUOR activity, gene expression analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms and mammosphere forming assays with and without the addition of STAT3 inhibitors. To determine the effect of radiation on nonstem cell populations, experiments were also carried out in ALDEFLUOR sorted cells.<b>Results:</b> Radiation induced an inflammatory response in both cell lines that resulted in activation of STAT3. Additionally, radiation induced a stem-like state as evidenced by an increased activity and expression of the ALDH isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3, and increased self-renewal capabilities. Radiation increased ALDH activity and self-renewal in non-stem cell (ALDH-) populations, suggesting radiation-induced cellular reprograming. However, inhibition of STAT3 blocked the radiation-induced stem-like state in both ALDEFLUOR positive and negative populations, and enhanced radiosensitivity.<b>Conclusions:</b> Radiation-induced changes in cellular plasticity are STAT3 dependent and may be a potential target to reduce radioresistance in TNBC and improve treatment outcome.
Direct viewing of atherosclerosis in vivo: plaque invasion by leukocytes is initiated by the endothelial selectins (2001)

Leukocyte infiltration in atherosclerosis has been extensively investigated by using histological techniques on fixed tissues. In this study, intravital microscopic observations of leukocyte recruitment in the aorta of atherosclerotic mice were performed. Interactions between leukocytes and atherosclerotic endothelium were highly transient, thereby limiting the ability for rolling leukocytes to firmly adhere. Leukocyte rolling was abolished by function inhibition of P-selectin (P<0.001, n=8), whereas antibody blockage of E-selectin (n=10) decreased rolling leukocyte flux to 51 +/- 9.9% (mean+/-SE, P<0.01) and increased leukocyte rolling velocity to 162 +/- 18% (P<0.01) of pretreatment values. Notably, function inhibition of the integrin alpha(4) subunit (n=5) had no effect on rolling flux (107+/-25%, P=0.782) or rolling velocity (89+/-6.1%, P=0.147), despite endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Leukocytes interacting with atherosclerotic endothelium were predominantly neutrophils, because treatment with antineutrophil serum decreased rolling and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood to the same extent. In conclusion, we present the first direct observations of atherosclerosis in vivo. We show that transient dynamics of leukocyte-endothelium interactions are important regulators of arterial leukocyte recruitment and that leukocyte rolling in atherosclerosis is critically dependent on the endothelial selectins. This experimental technique and the data presented introduce a novel perspective for the study of pathophysiological events involved in large-vessel disease.
Near-Infrared Absorption Spectra of Ortho- and Para-H2O in Solid Xenon and Argon (1960)

The near-infrared absorption spectra of H2O trapped in solid argon and xenon have been studied at 20°K. The spectra, taken at concentrations of H2O to matrix of 1:600, exhibit structure which is analyzed in terms of the known rotational and vibrational constants of the H2O molecule. The results show that in solid xenon and argon matrices, the monomer H2O exists as two modifications, one of which is rotating in its ground vibrational state. The theoretical intensities for the spectral bands of H2O gas at 20°K are calculated and shown to agree with the bands observed in H2O-xenon. The changes in the observed intensities for other matrices are discussed. The changes in the spectra of the films when they are warmed to 35°K are shown and discussed.
Microwave determination of the volume of a pressure vessel (2014)

Using microwave techniques that are scalable to very large volumes, we measured the interior volume of a 0.3 m3, commercially manufactured pressure vessel with a relative uncertainty of 0.06%, as confirmed by independent, more-accurate gas-expansion measurements. This pressure vessel (or a much larger one of a similar design) could be used as either a calibrated volume standard or as a gas source and/or a gas collector for the calibration of gas-flow meters. In addition, we determined the expansion of the vessel with temperature (∂V/∂T)p/V = (35.3 ± 1.9) × 10−6 K−1, and we estimated the pressure expansion (∂V/∂p)T/V = 0.9 × 10−3 MPa−1. The volume measurement did not require careful thermostatting; its uncertainty was dominated by imperfect modeling of the volume's shape. (The estimated uncertainties are one standard uncertainty with coverage factor k = 1 corresponding to 68% confidence level.)
Subsystem Organization of the Mammalian Sense of Smell (2008)

The mammalian olfactory system senses an almost unlimited number of chemical stimuli and initiates a process of neural recognition that influences nearly every aspect of life. This review examines the organizational principles underlying the recognition of olfactory stimuli. The olfactory system is composed of a number of distinct subsystems that can be distinguished by the location of their sensory neurons in the nasal cavity, the receptors they use to detect chemosensory stimuli, the signaling mechanisms they employ to transduce those stimuli, and their axonal projections to specific regions of the olfactory forebrain. An integrative approach that includes gene targeting methods, optical and electrophysiological recording, and behavioral analysis has helped to elucidate the functional significance of this subsystem organization for the sense of smell.
Identification and characterization of rat Ror1 and Ror2 genes in silico (2005)

Frizzled-1 (FZD1), FZD2, FZD3, FZD4, FZD5, FZD6, FZD7, FZD8, FZD9 and FZD10 are seven-transmembrane-type WNT receptors with extracellular Frizzled (Fz) domain. ROR1, ROR2 and MUSK are receptor-type tyrosine kinases with extracellular Fz domain, while MFRP is type II transmembrane protein with extracellular Fz domain. ROR1, ROR2, MUSK and MFRP are predicted to transduce or regulate WNT signaling. Here, we identified and characterized rat Ror1 and Ror2 genes by using bioinformatics. Rat Ror1 gene was located within AC108320.4, AC098031.5 and AC129856.4 genome sequences, while rat Ror2 gene was located within AC139870.3 and AC123431.4 genome sequences. Exon-intron structure was conserved between rat Ror1 and Ror2 genes, consisting of nine exons. Rat Ror1 mRNA was expressed in fetal ventricle, while rat Ror2 mRNA was expressed in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, dorsolateral prostate, and chondrosarcoma. Rat Ror1 (937 aa) and Ror2 (943 aa) showed 56.5% total-amino-acid identity. Rat Ror1 and Ror2 were type I transmembrane proteins with extracellular Immunoglobulin-like (Ig), Fz, Kringle (KR) domains, and cytoplasmic Juxta-membrane (JM), Tyrosine kinase (TK), and Ror homology C-terminal (RORHC) domains. Casein kinase Iepsilon-binding RORHC domain was conserved among vertebrate Ror1 and Ror2 homologs, but not in Drosophila Ror. Thr 582 within TK domain was conserved among mammalian Ror family members, and was predicted as Casein kinase I phosphorylation site. This is the first report on rat Ror1 and Ror2 genes as well as on molecular evolution of Ror1 and Ror2 homologs.
Substantial within-Animal Diversity of Salmonella Isolates from Lymph Nodes, Feces, and Hides of Cattle at Slaughter (2013)

Lymph nodes (mandibular, mesenteric, mediastinal, and subiliac; n = 68) and fecal (n = 68) and hide (n = 35) samples were collected from beef carcasses harvested in an abattoir in Mexico. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella, and presumptive colonies were subjected to latex agglutination. Of the isolates recovered, a subset of 91 was characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotyping. Salmonella was isolated from 100% (hide), 94.1% (feces), 91.2% (mesenteric), 76.5% (subiliac), 55.9% (mandibular), and 7.4% (mediastinal) of samples. From the 87 typeable isolates, eight Salmonella enterica serotypes, including Kentucky (32.2%), Anatum (29.9%), Reading (17.2%), Meleagridis (12.6%), Cerro (4.6%), Muenster (1.1%), Give (1.1%), and Mbandaka (1.1%), were identified. S. Meleagridis was more likely (P = 0.03) to be recovered from lymph nodes than from feces or hides, whereas S. Kentucky was more likely (P = 0.02) to be recovered from feces and hides than from lymph nodes. The majority (59.3%) of the Salmonella isolates were pansusceptible; however, multidrug resistance was observed in 13.2% of isolates. Typing by PFGE revealed that Salmonella strains generally clustered by serotype, but some serotypes (Anatum, Kentucky, Meleagridis, and Reading) were comprised of multiple PFGE subtypes. Indistinguishable PFGE subtypes and, therefore, serotypes were isolated from multiple sample types, and multiple PFGE subtypes were commonly observed within an animal. Given the overrepresentation of some serotypes within lymph nodes, we hypothesize that certain Salmonella strains may be better at entering the bovine host than other Salmonella strains or that some may be better adapted for survival within lymph nodes. Our data provide insight into the ecology of Salmonella within cohorts of cattle and offer direction for intervention opportunities.