gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth-selective photothermal IR spectroscopy of skin: potential application for non-invasive glucose measurement (2017)

An infrared spectroscopic technique is described that employs a mid-IR broadband (980-1245 cm<sup>-1</sup>) tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL) to produce a pump beam, and a detection method based on photothermal deflection, enhanced by total internal reflection. The IR spectra thus obtained are depth-dependent by modulating the pump beam with different frequencies between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. A model system consisting of glucose and a polymer film is used to demonstrate the depth selectivity of this technique. We also apply this photothermal depth profiling method to record in vivo IR spectra of the human epidermis at different depths. This information can be used for a non-invasive glucose monitoring on diabetes patients, which is also demonstrated. Beyond biomedical infrared spectroscopy, there are numerous applications for total internal reflection enhanced photothermal deflection spectroscopy (TIR-PTDS). The high penetration depth of mid-IR light compared to the traditional ATR-FTIR technique and the easy sample access make this technique appropriate for in situ measurements, such as in industrial quality control. The depth selectivity of TIR-PTDS may be a convincing argument for its use in the analysis of multilayered samples or for the analysis of artwork, where the layers of interest are covered by a layer of varnish.
Summarizing and Mining Skewed Data Streams (2005)

Many applications generate massive data streams. Summarizing such massive data requires fast, small space algorithms to support post-hoc queries and mining. An important observation is that such streams are rarely uniform, and real data sources typically exhibit significant skewness. These are well modeled by Zipf distributions, which are characterized by a parameter, z, that captures the amount of skew. We present a data stream summary that can answer point queries with ∊ accuracy and show that the space needed is only O(∊−-min{1,1/z}). This is the first o(1/∊) space algorithm for this problem, and we show it is essentially tight for skewed distributions. We show that the same data structure can also estimate the L2 norm of the stream in o(1/∊2) space for z > ½, another improvement over the existing Ω(1/∊2) methods. We support our theoretical results with an experimental study over a large variety of real and synthetic data. We show that significant skew is present in both textual and telecommunication data. Our methods give strong accuracy, significantly better than other methods, and behave exactly in line with their analytic bounds.
Defending Against Voice Spoofing: A Robust Software-Based Liveness Detection System (2018)

The recent proliferation of smartphones has been the primary driving factor behind the booming of voice-based mobile applications. However, the human voice is often exposed to the public in many different scenarios, and an adversary can easily "steal" a person's voice and attack voice-based applications with the help of state-of-the-art voice synthesis/conversion softwares. In this paper, we propose a robust software-based voice liveness detection system for defending against voice spoofing attack. The proposed system is tailored for mobile platforms and can be easily integrated with existing mobile applications. We propose three approaches based on leveraging the vibration of human vocal cords, the motion of the human vocal system, and the functionality of vibration motor inside the smartphone. Experimental results show that our system can detect a live speaker with a mean accuracy of 94.38% and detect an attacker with a mean accuracy of 88.89% by combining three approaches we proposed.
Oxidation of Amylopectin with Hydrogen Peroxide at Different Hydrogen Ion Concentrations<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Amylopectin with Hydrogen Peroxide at Different Hydrogen Ion Concentrations1,2Roy L. Whistler and Richard SchweigerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 12, 3136–3139Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01521a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01521a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantifying cancer progression with conjunctive Bayesian networks (2009)

moritz.gerstung@bsse.ethz.ch.
Angiogenesis in Peritoneal Dialysis (2011)

Long-term exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluid induces morphological alterations, including angiogenesis, leading to a loss of ultrafiltration (UF) capacity. We discuss the effect of different factors in peritoneal dialysis (PD) on angiogenesis. In addition, we describe the process of angiogenesis and the possible role of different cell types in the peritoneum upon PD contributing to new blood vessel formation. Furthermore, we review several interventions used in our rat PD exposure model to decrease angiogenesis in PD. Moreover, we show new data on the use of sunitinib to inhibit angiogenesis in this rat model. Although various interventions seem to be promising, well-randomised clinical trials showing absolute prevention of angiogenesis and UF failure are, yet, still missing. To make real progress in PD treatment, the aim should be to prevent angiogenesis as well as peritoneal fibrosis and PD-induced inflammation.
Efficient Preparation of α-Aminoboronic Acid Derivatives via Boroalkyl Group Migration (2014)

A reaction demonstrating migration of boron-substituted carbon is presented. It is shown that α-boroalkyl groups of transient boroalkyl acyl azide intermediates migrate readily from carbon to nitrogen. This transformation allows access to a novel class of stable molecules, α-boryl isocyanates, from easily preparable α-borylcarboxylic acid precursors. The protocol enables the synthesis of a diverse range of α-aminoboronic acid derivatives, including α,α-disubstituted analogues.
Isoelectronic Traps Due to Nitrogen in Gallium Phosphide (1965)

Received 1 November 1965DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.15.857©1965 American Physical Society
Neutronics analysis of an open-cycle high-impulse gas core reactor concept (1972)

Epidemiological and molecular investigation of two small measles clusters in The Netherlands in July/August 2007 revealed an association with travel by air of the index cases and nosocomial spread in the first cluster. Although these importations did not result in an outbreak among unvaccinated subjects, the observations illustrate the challenges for measles control in a country with high measles vaccination coverage (> 95%) but with pockets of low coverage.
Gender Differences in Alzheimer Disease (2005)

Epidemiological data reporting the predisposition of women to Alzheimer disease has provided researchers with an important clue as to the identity of the driving pathogenic force and lead many to question the potential role of sex steroids, namely estrogen, in disease pathogenesis. However, while estrogen has become the primary focus of research in the field, inconclusive data regarding estrogen replacement therapy has lead some researchers to begin investigating the effects of the other hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis on the aging brain. Certain hormones of the HPG axis, namely the gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), are not only involved in regulating reproductive function via a complex feedback loop but are also known to cross the blood-brain barrier. Recently, we proposed that an increase in gonadotropin concentrations, not the decrease in steroid hormone (eg, estrogen) production following menopause/andropause, is a potentially primary causative factor for the development of Alzheimer disease. In this review, we examine how the gonadotropins may play a central and determining role in modulating the susceptibility to, and progression of, Alzheimer disease. Based on this, we suggest that therapeutic interventions targeted at gonadotropins may both prevent disease in those patients currently asymptomatic or may halt, and even reverse, disease in those currently afflicted.
Moving sound source localization in large areas (2005)

This paper presents a sound source localization method that considers the limited propagation speed of sound. The localization system is shown to be independent of source movement. Information from a sound source is received with a propagation delay relative to the receiver distance. Combining information from spatially separate sensor stations utilizing propagation delays offers a realistic approach to passive sound source localization. The discussed bearings-only localization method uses the direction of arrival information received from a network of sensor stations. It is shown that incorporating a simple propagation model into large area localization results in better performance than neglecting it. The increase of computational capacity has made the implementation of the discussed non-analytical method feasible.
Improved dynamic properties of GTO-thyristors and diodes by proton implantation (1985)

Proton irradiation enables the production of recombination layers in silicon power devices. The defect spectrum after 3 MeV proton irradiation obtained by DLTS measurement indicates a favourable concentration ratio between divacancies and A centres, comparable to that after electron irradiation with energies > 10 MeV. Additionally, an n-doped layer formed by shallow donors (hydrogen containing. defects) is observed after ∼ 350°C annealing. Combined application of electron and proton irradiation in power diodes results in very soft recovery behaviour. Proton irradiation improves the turn-off behaviour of GTO-thyristors in comparison to electron irradiated devices.
[Elimination of aflatoxin B1 by clays from contaminated substrates]. (1979)

It has been proved that clays were able to absorb aflatoxin B1. The amount of adsorbed aflatoxin depended on the nature of clay. The adsorbing power of the clays was checked in relation to some environmental factors. From this study, it is claimed that clays are suitable for détoxification of liquid food-stuffs poisoned by aflatoxin.
High-speed parameterisable Hough transform using reconfigurable hardware (2001)

Recent developments in reconfigurable hardware technologies have offered high-density high-speed devices with the ability for custom computing whilst maintaining the flexibility of a software solution. These features are well suited to image processing algorithms that are computationally intensive and repetitive in nature. Very deep pipelining and parallelism, features often required for real time image analysis can be achieved easily using hardware design. The Hough Transform is a powerful and robust global image processing tool for feature recognition and detection. The CORDIC algorithm uses simple shift and addition operations to implement complex trigonometric functions. This paper combines the application of the novel CORDIC algorithm to the Hough Transform and reconfigurable technology to propose a parameterisable Hough Transform with real-time processing throughput.
The Huggable: A Platform for Research in Robotic Companions for Eldercare. (2008)

Robotic companions are one new type of technology being created to assist and care for elders. One important research question is how should such systems be designed? In this paper we present the Huggable, a new type of robotic companion which is being designed to function as both a fully autonomous robot and semi autonomous robot avatar. In this paper we describe how the semi autonomous robot avatar version of the Huggable can be used as a research tool to help determine exactly how robotic companions for eldercare applications should be designed. In addition to describing the system, we present four research scenarios in which the Huggable can be used to help motivate this discussion.
Union Disruption in West Germany (2003)

:Is marriage a port in the stonn or is there a decrease in the "traditionality" of partnerships? The traditional marriage has two functions: production and the upbringing of children, on the one hand, and mutual support, on the other, with a male breadwinner and female housekeeper.The modern trend is toward greater acceptance of fulfilling the traditional functions of marriage through other arrangements. Contributing factors are: the reduced economic need of marriage among women because of their stronger economic position and an enhanced welfare state, and less fulfillment of the traditional functions of marriage. Independently of the fonnal status, the character of the arrangements tends to fulfill traditional functions. This especially seems to be the case for marriages because they were formed and later separated against the background of the traditional functions ofbrining up children and mutual support in principle with a male breadwinner.
Parallel Computing Using a Commercial Reservoir Simulator (2002)

This paper demonstrates that simulation of models of up to 10 million cells can be performed by means of parallel simulation. This allows both geologists and reservoir engineers to include more realistic geological detail for better and more reliable production optimization.
Phonocardiogram signal analysis: a review. (1987)

Many disease of the heart cause changes in heart sounds and additional murmurs before other signs and symptoms appear. Hence, heart sound analysis by auscultation is the primary test conducted by physicians to assess the condition of the heart. Yet, heart sound analysis by auscultation as well as analysis of the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal have not gained widespread acceptance. This is due mainly to many controversies regarding the genesis of the sounds and the lack of quantitative techniques for reliable analysis of the signal features. The heart sound signal has much more information than can be assessed by the human ear or by visual inspection of the signal tracings on paper as currently practiced. Here, we review the nature of the heart sound signal and the various signal-processing techniques that have been applied to PCG analysis. Some new research directions are also outlined.
3D-color video camera (2009)

We introduce a design of a coded light-based 3D color video camera optimized for build up cost as well as accuracy in depth reconstruction and acquisition speed. The components of the system include a monochromatic camera and an off-the-shelf LED projector synchronized by a miniature circuit. The projected patterns are captured and processed at a rate of 200 fps and allow for real-time reconstruction of both depth and color at video rates. The reconstruction and display are performed at around 30 depth profiles and color texture per second using a graphics processing unit (GPU).
Application of a New Adhesion Promoter to Stable Chemically Amplified Resist Pattern Fabrication on Boron Phosphorus Silicate Glass Substrates (1997)

We have developed a new, non-ammonia generating adhesion promoter, 4-trimethylsiloxy-3-pentene-2-one. Its adhesion ability to a substrate is superior to the conventional adhesion promoter, hexamethyldisilazane, due to its high reactivity. We obtained high-aspect-ratio and precise chemically amplified resist patterns on boron phosphorus silicate glass (BPSG) substrates using this new adhesion promoter.
Synchronization of Heterogeneous Agents (2012)

The task of synchronizing autonomous agents is solved by a networked controller that steers the agents towards a common trajectory. This technical note extends existing analysis and design methods towards sets of linear agents with individual dynamics. A necessary and sufficient synchronization condition is proved and it is shown that the agents can be synchronized by an appropriate networked controller if and only if their dynamics intersect.
Efficacy of a chlorine dioxide-containing mouthrinse in oral malodor. (2000)

Studies have suggested that when chlorine dioxide is contained in a mouthrinse, it neutralizes volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. The efficacy of a chlorine dioxide-containing mouthrinse in the reduction of oral malodor was evaluated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group study of 31 men and women. Subjects with a maximum odor pleasantness score of < or = -1 (slightly unpleasant/stale) on a 7-point ordinal scale at both screening and baseline were randomized to treatment with the chlorine dioxide-containing rinse (n = 16) or distilled water (negative control) (n = 15). Oral malodor was evaluated at baseline (prerinse) and at 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postrinse by both a trained, previously calibrated panel of organoleptic judges and a factory-calibrated portable sulfide monitor. The sulfide monitor measured concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds in the subjects' mouth air 3 minutes after completion of the organoleptic assessment at each time point. The correlation between the organoleptic assessments and log-transformed sulfide monitor values was evaluated. With the chlorine dioxide mouthrinse, a statistically significant improvement in odor pleasantness, reduction in odor intensity, and reduction in oral volatile sulfur compound concentrations compared to the water control were evident at 2 hours postrinse and persisted through 8 hours postrinse. The mean (+/- SD) odor pleasantness improved from -1.25 +/- 0.31 at baseline to -0.73 +/- 0.33 at 2 hours postrinse in the chlorine dioxide group compared to -1.40 +/- 0.38 at baseline to -1.31 +/- 0.67 at 2 hours in the control group (P < 0.01). Odor pleasantness reached its maximum change from baseline to 0.63 +/- 0.45 at 8 hours postrinse. The mean (+/- SD) log-transformed sulfide monitor measurement decreased from 5.40 +/- 0.29 at baseline to 5.17 +/- 0.13 at 2 hours postrinse in the chlorine dioxide group, but increased from 5.47 +/- 0.40 at baseline to 5.56 +/- 0.54 at 2 hours in the control group (P < 0.01). As measured by the sulfide monitor, the mean volatile sulfur compound concentration in the chlorine dioxide group reached its minimum level at 8 hours postrinse (change from baseline in the log-transformed Halimeter measurement of -0.35 +/- 0.31). Thus, this study demonstrates that a one-time use of a chlorine dioxide-containing mouthrinse significantly improves mouth odor pleasantness, reduces mouth odor intensity, and reduces volatile sulfur compound concentrations in mouth air for at least 8 hours after use.
Design and performance of a thin-film calorimeter for quantitative characterization of photopolymerizable systems (2005)

A thin-film calorimeter (TFC) was designed for the quantitative characterization of photopolymerizable systems. A detailed description of its construction indicates the ease with which a TFC can be assembled and the flexibility inherent in its design. The mechanics of operation were optimized to yield a significantly faster instrument response time than other calorimetric methods such as photodifferential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC). The TFC has enhanced sensitivity, more than an order of magnitude greater linear response range to changes in light intensity than that of the photo-DSC, resulting in the ability to measure both smaller and larger signals more accurately. The photopolymerization exotherm curves are reproducible and can be collected over a broad range of film thicknesses.
Synthesis and biological properties of 9-(trans-4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)adenine and guanine: open-chain analogs of neplanocin A (1987)

Alkylation of adenine (5a) or 2-amino-6-chloropurine (5b) with excess trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene (4), effected by K2CO3 in dimethyl sulfoxide or tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran, led in 90-95% regioselectivity to 9-alkylpurines 6a and 6b. The title compounds 2a and 2b were obtained by refluxing intermediates 6a and 6b in 0.1 M NaOH or HCl. Adenine derivative 2a is a substrate for adenosine deaminase whereas both 2a and 2b exhibit 50% inhibition of the growth of murine leukemia L 1210 cell culture at 1 mM concentration.
Evaluation of the Super League Team’s Competition Analysis before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak Is Given (2021)

The paper is aimed to determine whether there is a loss of performance by comparing the competition values of the Super League team before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. In order to reduce the performance losses of the athletes due to lack of training, 60-75 minutes of self-weight training was applied during the quarantine period. Paired t test was used for statistical analysis. A statistically significant difference was found in the Total Distance, High Intensity Distance, Sprint Distance, High Speed Distance, Number of High Intensity Runs, Number of Sprints, Number of High Speed Runs, Average Speed, Total Distance in Possession, Total Distance Out of Possession, Total Distance Ball Out of Play, High Intensity Distance in Possession, High Intensity Distance Out of Possession, High Intensity Distance Ball Out of Play, Sprint in Possession, Sprint Out of Possession, Sprint Ball Out of Play, High Speed Distance in Possession, High Speed Distance Out of Possession, High Speed Distance Ball Out of Play values of the athletes compared to p < 0.05. As a result, it has been observed that the training of super league football players with their own body weight during the quarantine period positively affects their performance during the season.
Assessment of a simple, non‐toxic alamar blue cell survival assay to monitor tomato cell viability (2001)

The Alamar Blue (AB) assay, which incorporates a medox indicator that changes colour or fluorescence in response to metabolic activity, is commonly used to assess quantitatively the viability and/or proliferation of mammalian cells and micro-organisms. In this study the AB assay was adapted for the determination of the viability of plant cells. Cell suspension cultures of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, L., with differing viabilities, served as the experimental model for a comparison of the AB assay with the conventional 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) viability assay. The AB assay showed a sigmoidal relationship between cell viability and AB reduction (as quantified by spectrofluorometry or spectrophotometry), which was similar to that obtained using the TTC assay. Both assays detected a significant reduction in cell viability after 48 h exposure to virulent Ralstonia solanacearum (biovar III), while the TTC assay, in addition, revealed cell proliferation in control cells from 24 to 72 h. The TTC assay detected cell proliferation over a wider range of cell densities, while the AB assay was more rapid and versatile whilst being non-toxic and thus allowing subsequent cell analysis.