gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The multi-tier architecture based on offline component agent (2003)

In order to implement the complex business process involved in multi-computer applications, it is necessary for correlative computer applications to cooperate with each other and connect to each other. Under the traditional client/server architecture, there are many difficulties in implementing connections to each application. It can offer a better foundation of architecture that constructs an application server and forms the multi-tier architecture of the client/application server/database server using a component based software technique. However, this architecture needs the correlative applications to connect to each other continuously. Apparently, it is confined under the environment of noncontinuous connection. In this paper we propose the concept of offline component agent and the multi-tiered architecture based on an offline component agent, which can effectually implement interconnection of multi-applications under the environment of non-continuous connection. Offline component agents provided by the server application and configured at the client application process business logic and data logic in correlative server applications. The client application and offline component agent maintain continuous connection, but the offline component agent and server application may not maintain continuous connection, these two parts cooperating with each other according to special arithmetic. The merit of the architecture of software multi-tier components includes clarity of the interface between different applications, consistency between software structure and problem structure, better encapsulation of software logic, and the advantages of safe management and simplicity of maintenance and version management. We explicate the architecture based on the offline component agent.
Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems (2002)

An important new resource for the international utility market Over the past two decades, static reactive power compensators have evolved into a mature technology and become an integral part of modern electrical power systems. They are one of the key devices in flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Coordination of static compensators with other controllable FACTS devices promises not only tremendously enhanced power system controllability, but also the extension of power transfer capability of existing transmission corridors to near their thermal capacities, thus delaying or even curtailing the need to invest in new transmission facilities. Offering both an in-depth presentation of theoretical concepts and practical applications pertaining to these power compensators, Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems fills the need for an appropriate text on this emerging technology. Replete with examples and case studies on control design and performance, the book provides an important resource for both students and engineers working in the field
Magnetic Properties of Fe-Modified Mn<sub>3</sub>B<sub>4</sub> (1966)

Magnetic susceptibilities were studied in antiferromagnetic Fe-modified Mn 3 B 4 over the temperature range from 77°K to 600°K. It was found that the Néel temperature of (Mn 1- x Fe x ) 3 B 4 decreases and the magnetic susceptibility at the Néel temperature increases with x , for the x values up to 0.15. The results show that iron atoms strengthen the inter-layer antiferromagnetic coupling in these materials. Fe-substitution also changed the character of the magnetic susceptibility in the low temperature transition of the materials.
Tagging Driven by Interactive Image Discovery: Tagging-Tracking-Learning (2014)

With the exponential growth of web image data, image tagging is becoming crucial in many applications such as e-commerce. However, despite the great progress achieved in various image tagging technologies, none of them are able to incorporate browsing and discovery activities on web viewers in such a way that a user can easily query an image and ask the question "what is that in the image?". We have developed a comprehensive online image tagging system based on a Tagging-Tracking-Learning (TTL) framework to solve this problem. Tagging images using this system is able to turn common static web images into non-intrusive interactive images. The system tracks all browsing and interaction activities of users over time to filter out low quality tags and in turn helps the tagging process by alleviating manual operations. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the TTL framework and the novel algorithms developed. Usability studies of the system indicate that the TTL framework provides a better user experiences and simplifies the process of obtaining large tagged image collections over state-of-the-art approaches.
PGE2 suppression of innate immunity during mucosal bacterial infection (2013)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid mediator in inflammatory and immune responses during acute and chronic infections. Upon stimulation by various proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, PGE2 synthesis is upregulated by the expression of cyclooxygenases. Biologically active PGE2 is then able to signal through four primary receptors to elicit a response. PGE2 is a critical molecule that regulates the activation, maturation, migration, and cytokine secretion of several immune cells, particularly those involved in innate immunity such as macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can induce PGE2 synthesis to regulate immune responses during bacterial pathogenesis. This review will focus on PGE2 in innate immunity and how bacterial pathogens influence PGE2 production during enteric and pulmonary infections. The conserved ability of many bacterial pathogens to promote PGE2 responses during infection suggests a common signaling mechanism to deter protective pro-inflammatory immune responses. Inhibition of PGE2 production and signaling during infection may represent a therapeutic alternative to treat bacterial infections. Further study of the immunosuppressive effects of PGE2 on innate immunity will lead to a better understanding of potential therapeutic targets within the PGE2 pathway.
Some New Thoughts on Conceptualizing Perceived Service Quality: A Hierarchical Approach (2001)

Through qualitative and empirical research, the authors find that the service quality construct conforms to the structure of a third-order factor model that ties service quality perceptions to distinct and actionable dimensions: outcome, interaction, and environmental quality. In turn, each has three subdimensions that define the basis of service quality perceptions. The authors further suggest that for each of these subdimensions to contribute to improved service quality perceptions, the quality received by consumers must be perceived to be reliable, responsive, and empathetic. The authors test and support this conceptualization across four service industries. They consider the research and managerial implications of the study and its limitations.
The Future of Osteoarthritis Therapeutics: Emerging Biological Therapy (2013)

Biological therapy is a thriving area of research and development, and is well established for chronic forms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, there is no clinically validated biological therapy for osteoarthritis (OA). Chronic forms of OA are increasingly viewed as an inflammatory disease. OA was largely regarded as a "wear and tear disease". However, the disease is now believed to involve "low grade" inflammation and the growth of blood vessels and nerves from the subchondral bone into articular cartilage. This realization has focused research effort on the development and evaluation of biological therapy that targets proinflammatory mediators, angiogenic factors and cytokines in articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium in chronic forms of OA. This review article provides an overview of emerging biological therapy for OA, and discusses recent molecular targets implicated in angiogenesis and neurogenesis and progress with antibody-based therapy, calcitonin, and kartogenin, the small molecule stimulator of chondrogenesis.
Ethylene oxidation under conditions of the oxidative coupling of methane (2014)

Ethylene conversion under conditions of the oxidative coupling of methane has been investigated. In an empty reactor above 740°C, ethylene oxidation occurs at a higher rate and its main product is carbon monoxide. Filling the reactor with an inert material (quartz) or a NaWMn/SiO2 catalyst leads to a marked decrease in the ethylene conversion rate. Addition of methane to the reaction mixture dramatically slows down ethylene conversion rate and increases the C3 hydrocarbon content of the reaction products. The kinetics of ethylene oxidation in the presence of methane over the NaWMn/SiO2 catalyst is reported.
Use of Transient Testing in Reservoir Management (1995)

Summary Transient tests can be used throughout the life of the reservoir to manage and to optimize recovery of hydrocarbon fluids. This paper shows applications of various well-testing methods during the exploration, appraisal, and primary and secondary recovery phases of field projects. Single-well tests [e.g., drillstem tests (DST's) and buildup tests] are primarily used during the various stages of field development and primary recovery, whereas multiple-well tests (e.g., interference tests) are most often used during secondary recovery. A clear understanding of the type of information obtained from well tests is essential if this information is to be used properly in managing the reservoir. Examples are the different values of permeabilities calculated from single-vertical-well, horizontal-well, and multiple-well tests; the values of average reservoir pressures; and the double-porosity parameters calculated from tests in naturally fractured reservoirs. The state of the art of testing and measurement tools, acquisition systems, and interpretation methods affects the type of information obtained from well tests and should be considered by the petroleum engineer before results are used. The paper presents information to help the engineer use transient tests properly and to their fullest extent. Field examples are used when appropriate. Introduction The main difference between petroleum engineering and most other engineering disciplines is that the systems that petroleum engineers work with are given to them, whereas in other engineering disciplines the engineers design their systems. For example, the car engine is designed by a mechanical engineer and the structure of a building is designed by a civil engineer. Oil and gas fields are not designed or developed by petroleum engineers. They are given to them. As a matter of fact, the biggest challenge petroleum engineers face is to characterize these systems. In this regard, petroleum engineers have the same problem as mining and meteorological engineers and groundwater hydrologists. However, petroleum engineers have the added complexity, which mining and meteorological engineers do not have, of being unable to see the in-situ properties of our systems physically and measure them directly. Therefore, to obtain the physical properties of hydrocarbon-bearing formations, petroleum engineers rely on indirect measurements, such as inferring formation permeability from production data, calculating porosity from a sonic log, or determining the distance to a fault from a buildup test.
<i>In vitro</i>induction of IgG anti-DNA antibody from high density B cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients by an HLA DR-restricted T cell clone (1992)

An HLA-DR restricted T cell clone (26G11) which recognized a lymphoid cell-derived autoantigen associated with DR4 molecule was shown to induce not only autologous but also allogenic DR4+ B cells to produce large amounts of antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes. Using the helper activity of this clone, we investigated the mechanism of anti-DNA antibody production in DR-matched patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). When cultured with 26G11 cells, B cells from DR-matched normal control subjects produced large amounts of IgM anti-DNA antibody, but did not produce IgG anti-DNA antibody which is thought to have a pathological role in SLE. In contrast, B cells from DR-matched patients with active SLE spontaneously produced a fairly large amount of IgG anti-DNA antibody, and the production was augmented by the T cell clone. Little IgG anti-DNA antibody was produced by the B cells of patients with inactive SLE in either the presence or absence of T cell clone. We next fractionated B cells into low density B (LD-B) and high density B (HD-B) cells by centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll density gradients. IgG anti-DNA antibody was spontaneously produced by LD-B cells of active SLE patients but not by those either of inactive SLE patients or normal controls. On the other hand, although IgG anti-DNA antibody was not spontaneously produced by the HD-B cells of both active and inactive SLE patients, it could easily be induced by their culture with the T cell clone. Our results clearly show the existence of IgG anti-DNA antibody-producing B cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients irrespective of their disease activity and suggest that autoreactive T cells may play a pathogenic role in SLE through the induction of autoantibody production.
Scorpion ARMS primers for SNP real‐time PCR detection and quantification of <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> (2001)

summary We have developed a quantitative PCR detection method that can be used to determine the seed infection levels of Pyrenophora teres, a seed-borne fungal pathogen of barley. This method uses Scorpion Amplified Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) technology with real-time PCR detection. Scorpion ARMS primers were designed and optimized such that a single nucleotide base mismatch in the primer sequence could distinguish P. teres from P. graminea, a closely related seed-borne pathogen of barley. It is necessary to distinguish between these two agriculturally important pathogens since different disease management decisions are made, based on the presence and level of infection measured for each. The advance in development of sensitive and specific fluorescent probes has enabled the current PCR test to detect Pyrenophora spp. pathogenic on barley to be enhanced with the advantage that it can now specifically detect P. teres in a single reaction, whilst previously, two reactions were required to discriminate P. teres from P. graminea.
Zoom FFT - An Approximate Vernier Frequency Algorithm. (1972)

This report describes a method for obtaining fine frequency resolution. The technique employs the partitioning of a large data sequence by performing small size FFTs and other digital signal processing techniques to achieve the finer resolution. The method yields approximate results. The accuracy appears to be dependent on Vernier bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio and signal spectrum. A FORTRAN program is available in the Appendix. (Author)
Update on ocular gene therapy and advances in treatment of inherited retinal diseases and exudative macular degeneration (2016)

Recent advances in gene therapy have allowed for a better understanding of inherited and proliferative retinal diseases. New techniques have been developed to improve delivery of viral vectors to their cellular targets. There are currently multiple active clinical trials involving gene therapy underway with promising preliminary results.
Diagnostic testing of in-situ power cables: an overview (2003)

Diagnostic testing of in-situ power cables is an emerging technology. Many diagnostic systems are being developed, both off-line and on-line that are providing much data. These data need interpretation and understanding as the technology emerges. This paper addresses some of the commercially available diagnostic methods and covers the field experiences with these diagnostics. Both PILC and polymeric insulated cables are included in the discussion.
σ Factors and Global Gene Regulation in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2004)

Tuberculosis remains a worldwide threat despite the availability of the BCG vaccine and antibiotic treatment. It is estimated that its etiologic agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , infects almost a third of the human population and kills two million people every year ([27][1]). The recent human
Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Placental Growth Factors During Retinal Vascular Development and Hyaloid Regression (2003)

Although having similar expression patterns in the retina, these growth factors appear to have distinct modulatory influences during normal retinal vascular development and hyaloid regression.
Real-time Three-dimensional Photoacoustic Imaging (2011)

Photoacoustic imaging is a modality that combines the benefits of two prominent imaging techniques; the strong contrast inherent to optical imaging techniques with the enhanced penetration depth and resolution of ultrasound imaging. PA waves are generated by illuminating a light-absorbing object with a short laser pulse. The deposited energy causes a pressure change in the object and, consequently, an outwardly propagating acoustic wave. Images are produced by using characteristic optical information contained within the waves.\nWe have developed a 3D PA imaging system by using a staring, sparse array approach to produce real-time PA images. The technique employs the use of a limited number of transducers and by solving a linear system model, 3D PA images are rendered.\nIn this thesis, the development of an omni-directional PA source is introduced as a method to characterize the shift-variant system response. From this foundation, a technique is presented to generate an experimental estimate of the imaging operator for a PA system. This allows further characterization of the object space by two techniques; the crosstalk matrix and singular value decomposition. Finally, the results of the singular value decomposition analysis coupled with the linear system model approach to image reconstruction, 3D PA images are produced at a frame rate of 0.7 Hz.\nThis approach to 3D PA imaging has provided the foundation for 3D PA images to be produced at frame rates limited only by the laser repetition rate, as straightforward system improvements could see the imaging process reduced to tens of milliseconds.
Calculation of Nonreciprocal Phase Shift in Magnetooptic Waveguide with Si Guiding Layer (2004)

A nonreciprocal phase shift in a magnetooptic waveguide with a Si guiding layer is discussed. The magnetooptic waveguide was installed in an optical isolator employing the nonreciprocal phase shift. The magnetooptic waveguide had a magnetic garnet/Si/SiO 2 structure, which was realized by wafer bonding technique. The nonreciprocal phase shift in the magnetooptic waveguide with the Si guiding layer was calculated at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. A required thickness of the magnetic garnet cladding layer was obtained by calculating the nonreciprocal phase shift. An optical isolator employing the nonreciprocal phase shift, which could be operated under unidirectional magnetic field, was proposed by contriving the layer structures in the interferometer.
Summary Abstract: <i>n</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>p</i>-<i>i</i> superlattices: Theoretical predictions and experimental verification (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. H. Döhler; Summary Abstract: n‐i‐p‐i superlattices: Theoretical predictions and experimental verification. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 July 1982; 21 (2): 514–515. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.571749 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Activation-induced apoptosis in lymphoid systems. (1992)

Lymphocytes become activated when antigen receptors on the cell surface are cross-linked, or when they are exposed to agents that mimic this signal. Although such activation is usually associated with the production of immune mediators (e.g. antibodies, cytokines) and entry into the cell cycle, it can alternatively lead to death via apoptosis. This activation-induced apoptosis was first observed in developing lymphocytes and has been proposed as a mechanism for negative selection, by which immature cells with potential for autoreactivity are eliminated from the maturation pathway. Activation-induced apoptosis has also been observed in normal, mature lymphocytes under some conditions, and this may account for the phenomena of peripheral deletion, in which mature T cells are eliminated upon exposure to high doses of antigen. It may also be an important mechanism whereby CD4+ T cells are depleted in HIV+ individuals. Although the phenomenon of activation-induced apoptosis is not understood, recent studies have begun to implicate specific signal transduction pathways and gene products in the process. Among the latter is the c-myc proto-oncogene, which paradoxically can play an essential role in several forms of apoptosis, including that induced by activation of lymphocytes.
Optical Properties of a Continuous Helium-Neon Optical Maser* (1962)

A continuous optical maser has been operated at five wavelengths in the near infrared. Such a maser oscillator consists of a medium having optical amplification at the wavelength of interest and a Fabry-Perot interferometer as a resonant cavity.The optical amplification is provided by maser action in a discharge through a mixture of helium and neon gas. The Fabry-Perot interferometer is constructed within the gas volume using two very flat, and highly reflecting, parallel, silica plates.The transmission of the Fabry-Perot plates, although small, allows a beam to pass through each end window, with four milliwatts of continuous output power in the strongest transition at 1.153-μ wavelength.Examination of the beam shows that it is almost diffraction limited for its one-centimeter diameter. The spectral line shape at each transition is made up of three or more components each less than a few hundred cycles in width separated by the spacing of orders in the interferometer.
A Quasi-Bayesian Approach to Estimating Parameters for Mixtures of Normal Distributions (1991)

This article proposes a very tractable approach to estimating parameters for mixtures of normal distributions. The analyst proceeds as if, in addition to the data, he or she had observed some pseudo data points drawn from each distribution whose values reflect his or her priors. The approach eliminates the singularities associated with maximum likelihood estimation and offers guidance for choosing among alternative local maximum likelihood estimates. Monte Carlo analysis establishes its consistent potential to improve mean squared errors. Data sets on which maximum likelihood estimation has presented difficulties are shown to be readily analyzed with the quasi-Bayesian procedure.
A complete, hypermedia medical decision analysis support system (2002)

A treatment risk analysis system was developed and presented by the MEDAS project group. Now, a risk analysis system for medical tests has also been developed to form a complete medical decision support system. Moreover, the current system (a combined treatment and test system) has been redesigned and developed using an object-oriented hypermedia programming language, called Spinnaker Plus, running on the MS-Windows environment. The system has already been used to analyze several neurological problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>