gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solid‐State Reactions Involving Metal Powders and Gases. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasma-Induced Surface Functionalization of Polymeric Biomaterials in Ammonia Plasma (2001)

Plasma-chemical modification is frequently used to improve the adaption of polymer surfaces to biological environments. In this regard amino functional groups play a key role. They provide an excellent basis for subsequent modifications with specific biomolecules. It would be of great value to get an amino functionalization independent of the specific material in use. The paper reports on an investigation concerning the feasibility of such an universal plasma functionalization procedure. Two different downstream microwave plasma sources were taken to apply a procedure, which was developed for high-grade modification of polystyrene (PS), to a number of other polymers including polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and fluorinated polymers. In many cases, very similar results were obtained. At maximum 5% of the surface were covered by nitrogen functional groups. In some cases, about 50% of total nitrogen functional groups were amino groups. The results suggest that a downstream ammonia plasma treatment indeed is a fairly universal method for high performance amino functionalization of polymeric biomaterials.
Get to Know Your Septic Tank (1991)

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.
Structure-function relationships and mode of replication of animal rhabdoviruses. (1975)

Recently accumulated knowledge allows more precise comparison of the structural (and possibly evolutionary) relationships of several different animal rhabdoviruses: vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, Kern Canyon virus, and spring viremia of carp virus. Each virus is composed primarily of a glycoprotein, an RNA-associated nucleoprotein, and one or two membrane proteins. Vesicular stomatitis virus group viruses contain lesser amounts of two additional distinct polypeptides, NS and L. The separate viruses undergo structural polypeptide phosphorylation in vivo according to characteristic patterns. In vesicular stomatitis virus the NS protein is selectively phosphorylated. In rabies group viruses and in spring viremia of carp virus, the nucleoprotein is the predominant phosphoprotein; in these viruses only the phosphorylated moiety is selectively cleaved off with trypsin. In Kern Canyon virus, only membrane protein and glycoprotein are weakly phosphorylated. Each virus possesses a virion-bound protein kinase. Vesicular stomatitis virus group viruses, Kern Canyon virus, and spring viremia of carp virus only contain virion-bound transcriptases of respectively decreasing levels of activity demonstrable in vitro. Vesicular stomatitis and Kern Canyon viruses replicate efficiently in enucleated cells; rabies virus does not. Based upon these observations, it is suggested that vesicular stomatitis virus may represent the most highly evolved of these rhabdoviruses, whereas spring viremia of carp and Kern Canyon viruses may represent "evolutionary links" between the vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus groups.
Novel Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Regulation by Extracellular Matrix Protein Anosmin-1 (2009)

Activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is initiated by a multiprotein complex formation between FGF, FGF receptor (FGFR), and heparan sulfate proteoglycan on the cell membrane. Cross-talk with other factors could affect this complex assembly and modulate the biological response of cells to FGF. We have previously demonstrated that anosmin-1, a glycosylated extracellular matrix protein, interacts with the FGFR1 signaling complex and enhances its activity in an IIIc isoform-specific and HS-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism of anosmin-1 action on FGFR1 signaling, however, remains unknown. Here, we show that anosmin-1 directly binds to FGFR1 with high affinity. This interaction involves domains in the N terminus of anosmin-1 (cysteine-rich region, whey acidic protein-like domain and the first fibronectin type III domain) and the D2-D3 extracellular domains of FGFR1. In contrast, anosmin-1 binds to FGFR2IIIc with much lower affinity and displays negligible binding to FGFR3IIIc. We also show that FGFR1-bound anosmin-1, although capable of binding to FGF2 alone, cannot bind to a FGF2.heparin complex, thus preventing FGFR1.FGF2.heparin complex formation. By contrast, heparin-bound anosmin-1 binds to pre-formed FGF2.FGFR1 complex, generating an anosmin-1.FGFR1.FGF2.heparin complex. Furthermore, a functional interaction between anosmin-1 and the FGFR1 signaling complex is demonstrated by immunofluorescence co-localization and Transwell migration assays where anosmin-1 was shown to induce opposing effects during chemotaxis of human neuronal cells. Our study provides molecular and cellular evidence for a modulatory action of anosmin-1 on FGFR1 signaling, whereby binding of anosmin-1 to FGFR1 and heparin can play a dual role in assembly and activity of the ternary FGFR1.FGF2.heparin complex.
Incorporation of LPS in Liposomes Diminishes Its Ability to Induce Tumoricidal Activity and Tumor Necrosis Factor Secretion in Murine Macrophages (1988)

We investigated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incorporated into phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) on the induction of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion. The incorporation of Salmonella minnesota rough (Re)-LPS into multilamellar or small unilamellar vesicles (liposomes) resulted in an 100- to 1,000-fold reduction in its potency to activate both the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and murine thioglycolate elicited peritoneal macrophages to become cytotoxic for L929 and P815 tumor cells. Liposomal LPS was also a 100- to 1,000-fold less potent inducer of TNF secretion from RAW 264.7 cells. Cytokines secreted by the activated macrophages contributed to the cytotoxic effect on the L929 cells but not the P815 cell line. Human recombinant TNF was not cytotoxic for either cell line but was cytostatic for the L929 cell line. Morphological examination of the cells after uptake of fluorescent, free, and liposomal LPS revealed that both forms were internalized by the endocytic pathway. This, together with the considerably reduced potency of liposomal LPS to induce tumor cytotoxicity and TNF secretion, suggests that the interaction of the hydrophobic part of the lipid A moiety of LPS with the macrophage plasma membrane is needed to optimally activate these cells. Incorporation of LPS into liposomes effectively abrogates this interaction.
Long‐Term Biosolids Application Effects on Metal Concentrations in Soil and Bermudagrass Forage (2003)

The long-term application of biosolids that periodically contained elevated metal concentrations has raised questions about potential effects on animal health. To address these concerns, we determined metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, and Zn) in both soil and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] forage from 10 fields in the following categories of biosolids application: six or more years (>6YR), less than six years (<6YR), and no applications (NS). Soil metal concentrations in all groups were similar to values reported for mineral soils in Georgia, and well below USEPA cumulative limits. Average metal concentrations in the forage were below the maximum tolerable level (MTL) for beef cattle, although two biosolids-amended fields in the >6YR group produced forage that was at or near the MTL for Cd and Mo, and one field in the <6YR group produced forage above the MTL for Cd. The Cu to Mo ratios in forage decreased with increasing time of sludge application, with the average in the >6YR group at a proposed 5:1 Cu to Mo ratio limit to protect ruminant health. Sulfur concentrations in the forage from all three groups was near the MTL of 4 g kg(-1). The study indicated that toxic levels of metals have not accumulated in the soils due to long-term biosolids application. Overall forage quality from the biosolids-amended fields was similar to that of commercially fertilized fields; however, due to the relatively high S and potential for a low Cu to Mo ratio, Cu supplements should be used to ensure ruminant health.
Moraxella catarrhalis is internalized in respiratory epithelial cells by a trigger-like mechanism and initiates a TLR2- and partly NOD1-dependent inflammatory immune response (2006)

Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). While M. catarrhalis has been categorized as an extracellular bacterium so far, the potential to invade human respiratory epithelium has not yet been explored. Our results obtained by electron and confocal microscopy demonstrated a considerable potential of M. catarrhalis to invade bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, type II pneumocytes (A549) and primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Moraxella invasion was dependent on cellular microfilament as well as on bacterial viability, and characterized by macropinocytosis leading to the formation of lamellipodia and engulfment of the invading organism into macropinosomes, thus indicating a trigger-like uptake mechanism. In addition, the cells examined expressed TLR2 as well as NOD1, a recently found cytosolic protein implicated in the intracellular recognition of bacterial cell wall components. Importantly, inhibition of TLR2 or NOD1 expression by RNAi significantly reduced the M. catarrhalis-induced IL-8 secretion. The role of TLR2 and NOD1 was further confirmed by overexpression assays in HEK293 cells. Overall, M. catarrhalis may employ lung epithelial cell invasion to colonize and to infect the respiratory tract, nonetheless, the bacteria are recognized by cell surface TLR2 and the intracellular surveillance molecule NOD1.
Some enzymatic characteristics of eosinophil peroxidase from patients with eosinophilia and from healthy donors (1981)

Some enzymatic characteristics of human eosinophil peroxidase were compared with those of human myeloperoxidase. Both enzymes catalyzed the oxidation of iodide by hydrogen peroxide. This assay proved to be very sensitive; the activity of 100 eosinophils/ml could be measured. The position of the pH optimum of this reaction was linearly dependent on the logarithm of the iodide/H2O2 ratio. At the same substrate ratio, this optimum was about 1 pH unit higher for eosinophil peroxidase than for myeloperoxidase. This difference may be related to the action of myeloperoxidase inside an acidified phagolysosome as opposed to the extracellular action of eosinophil peroxidase on the surface of certain parasites. Under defined conditions (KI, 1.4 mM; H2O2, 0.18 mM; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 0.008% [wt/vol]; pH 6), the activity of eosinophil peroxidase could be measured in a mixed granulocyte suspension independently of myeloperoxidase. Eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia were found to contain as much peroxidase activity as did eosinophils from healthy donors. No enzymatic differences in eosinophil peroxidase were found between the two types of donors.
Surface Crystallization of Vitreous Selenium as Induced by Chemical Vapors (1967)

Crystallization of thin layers of vitreous Se induced by exposing the surface to various inorganic and organic solvent vapors, e.g., carbon disulfide, trichloroethylene, isopropyl acetate, has been studied at room temperature. It is noted that the morphology of the crystallites obtained and the various growth features observed are essentially the same for the different chemical vapors used and are similar to growth of Se crystals by evaporation. Different experimental conditions seem only to change the distribution of the relative abundances of the various morphologies and the time needed for achieving a certain extent of crystallization. The mechanisms of crystal growth in this case, as visualized through the various growth features at intermediate stages, are remarkably similar to growth by vapor deposition of Au and Ag films on single-crystalline substrates.
Taxonomy discovery for personalized recommendation (2014)

Personalized recommender systems based on latent factor models are widely used to increase sales in e-commerce. Such systems use the past behavior of users to recommend new items that are likely to be of interest to them. However, latent factor model suffer from sparse user-item interaction in online shopping data: for a large portion of items that do not have sufficient purchase records, their latent factors cannot be estimated accurately.
Cyanide Poisoning in Victims of Fire: Analysis of 364 Cases and Review of the Literature (1994)

Cyanide is produced by the combustion of natural and synthetic materials. It is assumed that cyanide poisoning is a major component of smoke inhalation injury; however, scientific verification of this assumption is lacking. In this study we examined blood carboxyhemoglobin and cyanide levels in fire fatalities. Carboxyhemoglobin levels of 433 fatalities averaged 44.9% and exceeded fatal (> or = 50%) levels in 195 cases. Cyanide levels of 364 fatalities averaged 1.0 mg/L and exceeded fatal levels (> 3 mg/L) in 31 cases. For victims with cyanide levels above 3 mg/L the mean carboxyhemoglobin level was 62.5%. Cyanide poisoning is infrequent in fire fatalities, and when present it is associated with significant carboxyhemoglobinemia. Cyanide can be both produced and degraded in blood and tissue, making interpretation of blood levels difficult. In survivors of fire, detoxification of cyanide can occur without specific antidotes with the use of aggressive supportive care. Specific assay and treatment for cyanide poisoning is rarely necessary in the treatment of victims of smoke and fire.
<title>Image formation in phase-shifting digital holography</title> (2000)

Image formation in phase shifting digital holography is discussed by developing analytical formulation based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Position of image plane and imaging magnification are derived. The influences of discrete sampling of the interference patterns by a CCD and numerical reconstruction on qualities of point images are investigated. Dependencies of the point images on the ratio of the minimum fringe spacing to pixel pitch of the CCD are numerically analyzed.
Demonstration of grating demultiplexer in GaAs/AlGaAs suitable for integration (1992)

Based on Rowland circle construction, a grating spectrometer integrated with 90° curved output waveguides was designed and fabricated in a GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide structure. By incorporating curved waveguides, a larger separation between output facets was obtained.
Autonomous Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance of a Micro-Bus (2013)

At present, the topic of automated vehicles is one of the most promising research areas in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The use of automated vehicles for public transportation also contributes to reductions in congestion levels and to improvements in traffic flow. Moreover, electrical public autonomous vehicles are environmentally friendly, provide better air quality and contribute to energy conservation. The driverless public transportation systems, which are at present operating in some airports and train stations, are restricted to dedicated roads and exhibit serious trouble dynamically avoiding obstacles in the trajectory. In this paper, an electric autonomous mini-bus is presented. All datasets used in this article were collected during the experiments carried out in the demonstration event of the 2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium that took place in Alcalá de Henares (Spain). The demonstration consisted of a route 725 metres long containing a list of latitude-longitude points (waypoints). The mini-bus was capable of driving autonomously from one waypoint to another using a GPS sensor. Furthermore, the vehicle is provided with a multi-beam Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor for surrounding reconstruction and obstacle detection. When an obstacle is detected in the planned path, the planned route is modified in order to avoid the obstacle and continue its way to the end of the mission. On the demonstration day, a total of 196 attendees had the opportunity to get a ride on the vehicles. A total of 28 laps were successfully completed in full autonomous mode in a private circuit located in the National Institute for Aerospace Research (INTA), Spain. In other words, the system completed 20.3 km of driverless navigation and obstacle avoidance.
A CT demonstrator based on a CZT solid state detector (2005)

A demonstrator of computed tomography (CT) has been designed and built for educational purposes. The system is based on a solid state CdZnTe detector and a standard PC. The mechanics of the system is controlled and data is acquired by programs written in LabVIEW. Computed tomography images are reconstructed using MATLAB programs.
Echocardiography as a research and clinical tool in veterinary medicine. (1982)

Echocardiography is the accepted term for the study of cardiac ultrasound. Although a relatively new tool for the study of the heart in man it has already found wide acceptance in the area of cardiac research and in the study of clinical cardiac disease. Animals had often been used in the early experiments with cardiac ultrasound, but only recently has echocardiography been used as a research and clinical tool in veterinary medicine. In this report echocardiography is used in the research of anesthetic effects on ventricular function and clinically in the diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy in a cat, ventricular septal defect in a calf, and pericardial effusion in a dog. Echocardiography is now an important adjunct to the field of veterinary cardiology.
Copycat: A High Precision Real Time NAND Simulator (2016)

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a high precision real time NAND simulator called Copycat that runs on a commodity multi-core desktop environment. This NAND simulator facilitates the development of embedded flash memory management software such as the flash translation layer (FTL). The simulator also allows a comprehensive fault injection for testing the reliability of the FTL. Compared against a real FPGA implementation, the simulator's response time deviation is under 0.28% on average, with a maximum of 10.12%.
A parallel approach for high performance hardware design of intra prediction in H.264/AVC Video Codec (2009)

The H.264/AVC Intra Frame Codec (i.e. all frames are coded as I-frames) targets high-resolution/high-end encoding applications (e.g. digital cinema and high quality archiving etc.), providing much better compression efficiency at lower computational complexity compared to MJPEG2000. Moreover, in case of video coding of very high motion scenes, the number of Intra Macroblocks is dominant. Intra Prediction is a compute intensive and memory-critical part that consumes 80% of the computation time of the entire Intra Compression process when executing the H.264 encoder on MIPS processor. We therefore present a novel hardware for H.264 Intra Prediction that processes all the prediction modes in parallel inside one integrated module (i.e. mode-level parallelism) enabling us to exploit the full space of optimization. It exhibits a group-based write-back scheme to reduce the memory transfers in order to facilitate the fast mode-decision schemes. Our Luma 4times4 hardware is 3.6times, 5.2times, and 5.5times faster than state-of-the-art approaches, QS0, respectively. Our results show that processing Luma 16times16, Chroma 8times8, and Luma 4times4 with the proposed approach is 7.2times, 6.5times, and 1.8times faster (while giving an energy saving of 60%, 80%, and 74%) when compared with Dedicated Module Approach (each prediction mode is processed with its independent hardware module i.e. a typical ASIC style for Intra Prediction). We get an area saving of 58% for Luma 4times4 hardware.
FREQUENT GENE CONVERSION IN HUMAN EMBRYOS INDUCED BY DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS (2020)

Abstract Applications of genome editing ultimately depend on DNA repair triggered by targeted double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, repair mechanisms in human cells remain poorly understood and vary across different cell types. Here we report that DSBs selectively induced on a mutant allele in heterozygous human embryos are repaired by gene conversion using an intact wildtype homolog as a template in up to 40% of targeted embryos. We also show that targeting of homozygous loci facilitates an interplay of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and gene conversion and results in embryos which carry identical indel mutations on both loci. Additionally, conversion tracks may expand bidirectionally well beyond the target region leading to an extensive loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Our study demonstrates that gene conversion and NHEJ are two major DNA DSB repair mechanisms in preimplantation human embryos. While gene conversion could be applicable for gene correction, extensive LOH presents a serious safety concern.
Texture synthesis using asymmetric 2-D noncausal AR models (2002)

The author investigates the suitability of two-dimensional (2-D), noncausal, autoregressive (AR) models with possibly asymmetric support for synthesis of images visually similar to natural textures. These models characterize the gray level at an image pixel as a linear combination of gray levels at nearby locations in all directions and an additive non-Gaussian, higher-order white noise variable. Existing results based upon the second-order statistics of the images assume that the model support is symmetric, whereas the author exploits higher-order statistics of the image to fit AR models with possibly asymmetric support. Experimental results of synthesis of 128*128 textures visually resembling several real life textures in the Brodatz album (and other sources) are presented. The synthetic textures are generated using models obtained from real images via inverse filter criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hole states in (Cd0.5Pb0.5)Sr2(CaxY1 − x)Cu2O7 studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1998)

The hole distribution of underdoped and optimum doped states in (Cd0.5Pb0.5)Sr2(CaxY1 – x)Cu2O7 compounds has been investigated by high-resolution oxygen K-edge and copper L-edge X-ray absorption near-edge-structure spectra. Near the oxygen 1s edge, a pre-edge peak with a maximum at ≈528.3 eV was found, which is ascribed to the excitations of oxygen 1s electrons to 2p hole states located in the CuO2 planes. The intensity of this pre-edge peak increased with calcium doping for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5. This demonstrates that the chemical substitution of Ca2+ for Y3+ in (Cd0.5Pb0.5)Sr2(CaxY1 – x)Cu2O7 gives rise to an increase in hole concentration within the CuO2 planes and a change from a semiconductor to a superconductor with Tc up to 30 K. The results of the copper L-edge absorption are consistent with those observed for oxygen 1s X-ray absorption.