gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of a micro reactor system to a ICP mass spectrometer (2017)

Hyphenated techniques involving ICP-MS are popular in research and application areas. Micro reactors which are widely integrated to molecular mass spectrometric techniques, however, find little application in the field of atomic spectroscopy in general or ICP-MS in specific. In this work, two integration concepts have been proposed for the integration of a micro reactor system to the Agilent 7700x ICP-MS system. Different tests have been performed using an ICP multi-element standard solution. In both concepts, the micro reactor system was successfully coupled to the ICP-MS that elements of the standard solution from the micro reactor system were detected. In addition, the second concept that includes the ALS enabled standard operations of ICP-MS at start up with warming, calibration and tuning. Finally, a library module of AutoIt software was employed in the control software to automate the operation of the ICP-MS instrument control software.
A Novel Acetyltransferase Found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b That Detoxifies a Proline Analogue, Azetidine-2-carboxylic Acid (2001)

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), a toxic four-membered ring analogue of L-proline, is transported into the cells via proline transporters. It causes misfolding of the proteins into which it is incorporated competitively with L-proline and thereby inhibits the growth of the cells. We recently have discovered, on the chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b, a novel gene MPR1 required for the resistance of Sigma1278 background strains to toxic AZC. This gene was missing in the particular yeast strain used for the genomic sequence determination. Although the protein sequence was homologous to that of the S. cerevisiae transcriptional regulator, Mpr1p did not affect the expression of genes involved in proline uptake. However, gene expression in Escherichia coli and enzymatic analysis showed that the MPR1 gene encodes a novel AZC acetyltransferase, by which L-proline itself and other L-proline analogues are not acetylated. Mpr1p was considered to be a member of the N-acetyltransferase superfamily based on the results of an Ala-scan mutagenesis through the highly conserved region involved in binding acetyl-CoA in members of the superfamily. Our findings suggest that Mpr1p detoxifies AZC by acetylating it in the cytoplasm. This enzyme might be utilized as a selective marker in a wide variety of organisms, because the cells expressing the MPR1 gene acquire the AZC-resistant phenotype.
The imprint mechanism in ferroelectric capacitors (1995)

Abstract The imprint mechanism in ferroelectric capacitors was reported in 1992 by National Semiconductor. In retrospect, that mechanism was visible in the very first memories fabricated at Krysalis Corporation in 1987 but were not recognized as such. Since 1992, new test procedures have been developed at Radiant Technologies, Inc. that clearly delineate the physical nature of solid state imprint in ferroelectric memories and how it causes retention loss in CMOS memory IC's. Using the test procedures, the failure point in time of the memory IC due to imprint can be pinpointed exactly. A production reliability test can be developed from the procedures. The primary impact of imprint is on the remanent polarization component of the ferroelectric material.
Space time spreading in forward links of the multicarrier DS CDMA system (2002)

In this paper, we consider space time spreading in the forward links of a MC-DS-CDMA system when random signature sequences are used. The performance of the system with different diversity order has also been analyzed. The numerical results show that considerable performance gain can be obtained by transmit diversity when the active user number is relatively small. As the number of the users increases, the diversity gain will decrease. It also suggests that it require multiuser interference cancellation when the active user number is relatively large.
Tailoring Morphology of Cu–Ag Nanocrescents and Core–Shell Nanocrystals Guided by a Thermodynamic Model (2018)

The ability to predict and control the formation of bimetallic heterogeneous nanocrystals is desirable for many applications in plasmonics and catalysis. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of stable, monodisperse, and solution-processed Cu-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles with specific but unusual elemental arrangements that are consistent with a recently developed thermodynamic model. Using air-free scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the distribution of Cu and Ag positions was unambiguously identified within individual nanocrystals (NCs), leading to the discovery of a Cu-Ag nanocrescent shape. A simple yet versatile thermodynamic model was applied to illustrate how the interplay between surface and interface energies determines the particle morphology. It is found that there exists a range of surface-to-interface energy ratios under which crescent-shaped nanocrystals are the thermodynamically favored products, with the morphology tunable by adjusting the Ag content. We further show the conversion of Cu-Ag nanocrescents into Ag@Cu<sub>2</sub>O upon mild oxidation, whereas fully core-shell Cu@Ag NCs are robust against oxidation up to 100 °C. The plasmonic and interband absorptions of Cu-Ag NCs depend on the composition and the degree of Cu oxidation, which may find application in light-driven catalysis.
High-intensity Raf signals convert mitotic cell cycling into cellular growth. (1998)

The selection of NIH 3T3 cells expressing a hydroxytamoxifen-inducible c-Raf-1-estrogen receptor fusion protein (c-Raf-1-BxB-ER) in the absence or presence of the inducer results in dramatic differences in the expression levels of the fusion protein. Hydroxytamoxifen-mediated constitutive activation of the Raf signal favors the selection of cells expressing low levels of c-Raf-1-BxB-ER. Cells selected in the absence of hydroxytamoxifen express up to 20 times higher levels of the inducible Raf kinase. Activation of the oncogenic Raf kinase in cells expressing low levels leads to a weak activation of the Raf/Mek/Erk cascade and the induction of S phase in confluent cells. The activation of cells expressing high levels of the kinase leads to a strong persistent signal and inhibits DNA synthesis and mitosis in proliferating cells. The inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell division is presumably due to the elevated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1, similar to cells exposed to ionizing radiation. Despite the inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitosis, the constitutive activity of the Raf signaling pathway is still able to initiate cell growth. Activation of the high-intensity Raf signal in arrested serum-starved cells induces cell growth up to a size corresponding to that of M-phase cells in the absence of DNA synthesis. High-intensity Raf signals in proliferating cells consistently lead to an accumulation of cells with the size of M-phase cells and the DNA content of G1 cells or G2-M-phase cells. Therefore, the activation of Raf kinase is sufficient to drive cell growth, even in the presence of high levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1.
CORRELATION OF INTERFERON-γ PRODUCTION BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS WITH CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AMEBIASIS (2007)

The contribution of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to immunity from amebiasis was assessed in a three-year prospective study of children 2-5 years of age in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. IFN-gamma produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with soluble amebic antigen was measured upon enrollment. Thirty-one of the 209 enrolled children had Entamoeba histolytica-associated diarrhea. Children who produced higher than the median level of IFN-gamma (median = 580 pg/mL) had longer survival without E. histolytica diarrhea/dysentery (log rank test P = 0.03) and a reduction in the risk of E. histolytica diarrhea/dysentery by more than half (Cox proportional hazard regression = 0.45, P = 0.04). When adjusted for stunting, the association between IFN-gamma and the time to the first episode of E. histolytica-associated diarrhea remained marginally significant (Cox proportional hazard regression = 0.49, P = 0.07). We conclude that production of IFN-gamma is linked to nutritional status and predicts future susceptibility to symptomatic amebiasis.
Resonance Induced Impedance Sensing of Human Blood Cells (2007)

A challenging problem in AC impedance sensing of particles (e.g., blood cells in plasma) with micro electrodes is that with the shrinking of electrode surface area the electrode double layer capacitance decreases. Combined with the parallel stray capacitance, the system impedance is dominated by these capacitive components. Hence the sensitivity for particle sensing decreases. In this paper, we propose a new approach to solve the problem. The idea is to use resonant sensing by connecting an external parallel inductor to the system. At the resonant frequency, the capacitive components in the system were nullified by the inductor, leaving the electrolyte and particle impedance to be a major component in the system impedance. We then successfully demonstrated this idea by sensing 5 μm polystyrene beads. More important, this technique was extended to sensing blood cells in diluted human whole blood and leukocyte rich plasma. The measured signal pulse height histogram matched well with known volume distribution of erythrocytes and leukocytes.
Pixon-based Multiresolution Image Reconstruction for Yohkoh's Hard X-Ray Telescope (1996)

We present results from the application of pixon-based multiresolution image reconstruction to real and simulated data from Yohkoh's Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT). The goal of the pixon algorithm is to minimize the number of degrees of freedom used to describe an image within the accuracy allowed by the noise. This leads to a reconstruction that is optimally constrained. We apply the pixon code to two solar flares in the HXT database and compare the results of the pixon reconstruction to the results of a direct, linear, smoothed inversion of the HXT Fourier synthesis data and to a maximum entropy reconstruction. The maximum entropy reconstruction is vastly better than the direct inversion, but the pixon reconstruction gives superior noise suppression and photometry. Further, the pixon reconstruction does not suffer from overresolution of the images.
Dual Delivery of Hepatocyte and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors via a Protease-Degradable Hydrogel Improves Cardiac Function in Rats (2012)

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) caused by ischemia and reperfusion (IR) is the most common cause of cardiac dysfunction due to local cell death and a temporally regulated inflammatory response. Current therapeutics are limited by delivery vehicles that do not address spatial and temporal aspects of healing. The aim of this study was to engineer biotherapeutic delivery materials to harness endogenous cell repair to enhance myocardial repair and function. We have previously engineered poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels to present cell adhesive motifs and deliver VEGF to promote vascularization in vivo. In the current study, bioactive hydrogels with a protease-degradable crosslinker were loaded with hepatocyte and vascular endothelial growth factors (HGF and VEGF, respectively) and delivered to the infarcted myocardium of rats. Release of both growth factors was accelerated in the presence of collagenase due to hydrogel degradation. When delivered to the border zones following ischemia-reperfusion injury, there was no acute effect on cardiac function as measured by echocardiography. Over time there was a significant increase in angiogenesis, stem cell recruitment, and a decrease in fibrosis in the dual growth factor delivery group that was significant compared with single growth factor therapy. This led to an improvement in chronic function as measured by both invasive hemodynamics and echocardiography. These data demonstrate that dual growth factor release of HGF and VEGF from a bioactive hydrogel has the capacity to significantly improve cardiac remodeling and function following IR injury.
A Molecular Mechanism for the Induction of Neurofilament Bundling by Aluminum Ions (1992)

A1 induces neurofibrillary tangles in the perikaryon of neurons in vivo and in culture. The effect of A1 ions complexed with maltol, a plant-derived ligand of A1, on purified neurofilament preparations was studied in vitro. The binding of A1 to the arm-like projections of the high (H)- and medium (M)-molecular-weight neurofilament subunits causes a conformational change of the molecule (intrafilamentous reaction), characterized by an altered migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In addition, A1 compounds strongly stimulate the interaction between neurofilaments (interfilamentous reaction). The possibility that phosphate groups of the H and M sidearms are involved in binding A1 ions is discussed with regard to the migration on SDS-PAGE of dephosphorylated neurofilaments incubated with A1 compounds and the alteration by A1 ions of neurofilament phosphorylation in vitro by the associated kinase. Immunoblotting analysis of neurofilaments in cultivated neurons intoxicated with A1 compounds revealed a similar A1-dependent alteration of the neurofilament subunit conformation. This result suggest that the mechanism of A1-induced bundling of neurofilaments derived from in vitro studies might be involved in the formation of tangles in situ.
26.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Bistable Liquid Crystal Technologies (2003)

Abstract Since the early 1980's nematic, cholesteric or smectic liquid crystals bistable devices have been proposed. Recently, new nematic bistable technologies have been demonstrated using bistable surface anchoring or anchoring breaking. The long term memory and infinite multiplexability of the bistable devices make them attractive for high‐resolution handheld applications.
The Honourable Richard Cartwright (1950)

The Honourable Richard Cartwright. Un article de la revue Report of the Annual Meeting / Rapports annuels de la Société historique du Canada (Volume 29, numéro 1, 1950, p. 1-99) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Quantenenergie in der Röntgendiagnostik<sup>*</sup> (1975)

On the basis of the present calculations, it is possible to determine the optimal exposure energies for any object of combination of materials. The results of the present investigation contradict present day practice. Calculated energies are sometimes much higher than those employed at present. This has certain definite advantages; reduced radiation dose to the object; a less sharp decline of contrast with high kilovoltage. Unfortunately it is only possible to guess at the causes of this difference. Further investigations, dealing particularly with the effect of spectral energy distribution under certain conditions, are in progress. Investigations into the sensitivity of intensifiers and film/screen combinations, combined with a comparison with calculated energies would be valuable.
3D LIDAR-Based Intersection Recognition and Road Boundary Detection Method for Unmanned Ground Vehicle (2015)

Environment perception is an essential component in autonomous driving technology. Curb is one of the most prominent features on an urban road, which defines the boundary of a road surface. An intersection is a junction of two or more roads, appearing where no curb exists. Intersection recognition and curb detection are significant in environment perception which ensure the performance of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). In this paper, a novel double layer beam model is proposed to recognise the intersection shape and classify the road type in front of the UGV, and then based on the current road type and spatial features, a real-time road boundary detection algorithm is proposed to extract the curb position. The performance of the proposed method is verified through extensive experiments with a UGV autonomously driving on campus roads. The experimental results demonstrate the accurate and robust performance of the proposed algorithm.
The combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and methotrexate for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: The results of a pilot study (1995)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and methotrexate (MTX) have both been proposed as treatments for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). It has been suggested that a combination of the two drugs may offer advantages over either used separately. In this pilot study, we sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination for patients with PBC. Thirty-two patients with antimitochondrial antibody positive PBC were prospectively entered into a pilot study and received UDCA, 13 to 15 mg/kg/d, in conjunction with MTX, 0.25 mg/kg/wk, for a period of 2 years. The results of this treatment were compared with those obtained from 180 patients with PBC studied in a placebo-controlled trial of UDCA alone conducted during the same period. Patients in the pilot study and randomized study were comparable with regard to age, gender, and liver biochemistries. The UDCA/MTX-treated patients were of earlier histologic stage and had a lower mean Mayo risk score. During this period, seven patients in the UDCA/MTX group were withdrawn, four for pulmonary toxicity (two who required hospitalization), and one each with mouth ulcer, extreme fatigue, and hair loss. The use of UDCA/MTX was not associated with improvement in symptoms. In the patients receiving UDCA/MTX, biochemical changes were comparable to those of patients receiving UDCA alone but superior to those in the placebo group ( P < .05). Histological changes were comparable in all groups at 2 years. Cessation of MTX while UDCA was continued led to no deterioration in liver biochemistries. In a 2-year study, the use of MTX in combination with UDCA was associated with substantial toxicity, but with no evidence for symptomatic, biochemical, or histologic improvement over that seen with UDCA alone. The use of MTX in patients with PBC should be confined to pa- tients in prospective trials and not used on an empiric basis. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1158-1162.).
Airway response to salbutamol: effect of regular salbutamol inhalations in normal, atopic, and asthmatic subjects. (1982)

This study was designed to determine whether resistance to the airway effects of the beta-agonist, salbutamol, would develop in three groups of subjects while taking large doses of inhaled salbutamol. Six normal non-atopic, six atopic non-asthmatic, and eight atopic asthmatic subjects were studied by an identical technique. The development of resistance was assessed from salbutamol dose-response studies in which the airway response was measured as specific airway conductance (sGaw). Further evidence was sought in the atopic and asthmatic subjects by measuring the airway response to a standard histamine inhalation challenge and the protective effect of 100 micrograms salbutamol on this challenge, and by six-hourly peak flow recordings. Subjects were assessed before and during four weeks in which they took inhaled salbutamol regularly in doses increasing to 500 microgram quid in week 4. Normal subjects showed a progressive reduction in the bronchodilator (sGaw) response to salbutamol during the four weeks, indicating the progressive development of resistance. The atopic subjects, both asthmatic and non-asthmatic, showed no reduction in the response to salbutamol during the four weeks, nor any change in the response to histamine challenge or in regular peak flow readings. These results demonstrate that asthmatic patients do not develop bronchial beta-adrenoceptor resistance easily and suggests that they and atopic non-asthmatic subjects are less susceptible to its development than normal subjects.
Calcium Oxalate Crystal Morphology and Development in<i>Agaricus Bisporus</i> (1987)

Aerial hyphae of Agaricus bisporus grown in agar culture, or on natural substrates like rye grain, produce abundant calcium oxalate crystals associated with the hyphal wall. These deposits, when first formed, consist of acicular crystals that cover the surface of the hyphae, giving the elements of the aerial mycelium a bottle-brush appearance. SEM examination of the crystal-bearing hyphae reveals that the crystals are arranged more or less tangentially on the hyphal surface. The crystals appear to originate within the wall of the hyphae, and as they increase in length their distal ends protrude through the hyphal wall. While the crystalline deposits of hyphae grown on malt-extract agar or on rye grain are typically elongate crystals, calcium oxalate deposits of hyphae grown on enriched media consist of both elongate forms and large, plate-like crystals. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs, energy-dispersive x-ray elemental analysis, and x-ray powder diffraction analysis of these crystals are presented.
Survey of trinucleotide repeats in the human genome: assessment of their utility as genetic markers (1995)

Genetic markers based upon PCR amplification of short tandem repeat-containing sequence tagged sites (STSs) have become the standard for genetic mapping. We have completed a survey based on the direct isolation of representative members of each of the 10 trinucleotide repeat classes to determine their relative abundance, repeat size distribution, and general utility as genetic markers. Trinucleotide repeats, depending on the repeat class, are one to two orders of magnitude less frequent than (AC)n repeats. The average size of trinucleotide repeats sequenced was less than 15 repeat units in length, and only three of the STSs developed for this study demonstrated more than 25 repeats units. The (AAT)n class of repeats are the most abundant and also the most frequently polymorphic. Other classes of trinucleotide repeat classes observed to be frequently polymorphic include (AAC)n, (ACT)n, (ATC)n and (AAG)n; however, the relative abundance of these classes is less than that observed for the (AAT)n class of repeats. Based upon this initial survey, we have initiated saturation cloning of the (AAT)n class of repeats. At the time of submission of this manuscript, we have developed, as part of the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC), more than 415 new high heterozygosity (AAT)n genetic markers (more than two alleles in four individuals) and 200 new low heterozygosity (AAT)n STSs from this larger screening effort combined with the initial survey.
論清人三家《詩》分類理論中的"師承法" : 以劉向及《説苑》爲例 (2015)

本文以劉向及《説苑》爲例，指出清人誇大師法、家法的作用，并以此作爲通則，凡認定某人治某《詩》，其著作所見《詩》文、《詩》説就歸入某《詩》，推而及之，祖輩治某《詩》，其子孫必定代代相傳。清人把這個認識用在三家《詩》分類上，使三家《詩》佚文遺説大量增加，且家數判然。然而清人强調師法、家法的同時，忘記了漢儒治學也有其别出心裁、博學多聞的特色，因此在判斷家數的時候往往有牽强附會的地方。我們今天重新檢視三家《詩》材料，當詳考其治學歷程，以其《詩》説比對同屬某家《詩》學者之《詩》説，辨明異同，始下判斷。即使二人同治某家《詩》，其引《詩》、説《詩》的文字亦容或有異，不必如清人般强求一致。本文同時提出今後完善三家《詩》分類方法時，應當注意古籍重文互見的現象，同時要善用新出土的以及緯書的材料。
The facial expression generation of vector graphic character using the simplified principle component vector (2008)

This paper presents a method that generates various facial expressions of vector graphic character by using the simplified principle component vector. First, we analyze principle components to the nine facial expression(astonished, delighted, etc.) redefined based on Russell's internal emotion state. From this, we find principle component vector having the biggest effect on the character's facial feature and expression and generate the facial expression by using that. Also we create natural intermediate characters and expressions by interpolating weighting values to character's feature and expression. We can save memory space considerably, and create intermediate expressions with a small computation. Hence the performance of character generation system can be considerably improved in web, mobile service and game that real time control is required.