gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A plastic miniature x-ray emission spectrometer based on the cylindrical von Hamos geometry (2012)

We present a short working distance miniature x-ray emission spectrometer (miniXES) based on the cylindrical von Hamos geometry. We describe the general design principles for the spectrometer and detail a specific implementation that covers Kβ and valence level emission from Fe. Large spatial and angular access to the sample region provides compatibility with environmental chambers, microprobe, and pump/probe measurements. The primary spectrometer structure and optic is plastic, printed using a 3-dimensional rapid-prototype machine. The spectrometer is inexpensive to construct and is portable; it can be quickly set up at any focused beamline with a tunable narrow bandwidth monochromator. The sample clearance is over 27 mm, providing compatibility with a variety of environment chambers. An overview is also given of the calibration and data processing procedures, which are implemented by a multiplatform user-friendly software package. Finally, representative measurements are presented. Background levels are below the level of the Kβ(2, 5) valence emission, the weakest diagram line in the system, and photometric analysis of count rates finds that the instrument is performing at the theoretical limit.
The Behaviour of Cultures of Leishmania<scp>sp.</scp>in<i>Phlebotomus Papatasii</i> (1927)

(1927). The Behaviour of Cultures of Leishmania sp. in Phlebotomus Papatasii. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 111-134.
Intrinsic and acquired resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in food-related Pseudomonas spp. (2003)

The work supports the rotation of disinfectants in food processing environments for avoiding the development of bacterial resistance to QACs. The alternating disinfectants should be chosen carefully, because of possible cross-resistance.
Astaxanthin from Microbial Sources (1991)

Salmon farming increased substantially in the 1980s, which created a large market for astaxanthin, the principal pigment of salmon. Carotenoids are the most widely distributed class of pigments in nature and have essential biological functions in animals. They also impart attractive pigmentation to many farmed animals. Since animals lack the ability to synthesize carotenoids, the pigments must be supplemented to feeds, usually at considerable expense to the farmer (10 to 15% of total feed costs). Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,SbT-carotene-4,4′-dione) is the principal carotenoid pigment of salmonids and gives attractive pigmentation in the eggs, flesh, and skin. Worldwide production of farmraised salmon increased rapidly in the past decade, and more than 200,000 T were raised in 1990. Currently, chemically synthesized astaxanthin and canthaxanthin (β,β-carotene4,4′-dione) are added to salmonid feeds as pigmenters, but there is considerable interest within the aquaculture industry in using natural sources of astaxanthin. The principal biological sources being considered are Crustacea and crustacean extracts, the green microalga Haematococcus, and the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. Each natural pigment source has its limitations and they currently cannot compete economically with the synthetic additive. Crustacean meals have relatively low contents of astaxanthin and high levels of moisture, ash, and chitin. The alga Haematococcus has a high concentration of astaxanthin (0.2 to 2%), but industrial application is limited by the lengthy autotrophic cultivation in open freshwater ponds and the requirement for disruption of the cell wall to liberate the carotenoid. The yeast P. rhodozyma has desirable properties as a biological source of pigment, including rapid heterotrophic metabolism and production of high cell densities in fermentors, but its content of astaxanthin in wild strains is only 200 to 300 μg/g yeast (0.02 to 0.03%). Mutants have been isolated that produce >3000 μg total carotenoid per gram of yeast (>0.30%) in shake flasks after 5 d growth, and measurement of carotenoid fluorescence in individual cells indicates that levels of 10,000 to 15,000 μg/g can be obtained. Highproducers, however, are often unstable and further strain development is required. In this article, biological sources of astaxanthin are critically evaluated and compared with the synthetic compound presently being used in animal feeds.
Translating the Object Constraint Language into the Java Modelling Language (2004)

The Object Constraint Language OCL is a textual specification language that could be used for constraining the modelling elements that occur in UML diagrams. Typical constraints include class invariants and preconditions and postconditions of operations. The Java Modelling Language (JML) is a behavioural interface specification language designed for specifying Java classes and interfaces. This paper defines a translation of OCL expressions and constraints into the Java Modelling Language. The objective of this translation is to be able to map UML object-oriented designs with OCL constraints to Java classes and interfaces annotated with JML specifications, and to carry out logical reasoning about such classes and interfaces using JML tools which include a run time assertion checker and an interactive prover based on PVS.
PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (1981)

Mechanism of demyelination in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) was elucidated by demonstrating ultrastructurally the relationship between the affected glial cells and myelin sheaths. The myelinating cells in the central nervous system, namely oligodendroglias, were specifically attacked by PML-virus with eventual primary destruction of myelin sheaths. An attempt to isolate PML-virus from the autopsy material was made. The presence of virus particles in the extracts from the brain, reactions of virions with antibodies and evidence of virus proliferation in the primary human fetal glial cell culture were shown by various techniques including negative staining, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and electron micrography. The isolated virus was antigenically identical with JC type of papovaviruses.
Synthesis and Solid‐State Structures of 6,13‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐ and 6,13‐Dialkoxypentacene (2013)

Abstract 6,13‐Disubstituted pentacenes were synthesized. Their electrochemical and optical properties, in addition to their packing motifs in the solid state, were determined. Treatment of pentacenequinone with TMSCF 3 (Ruppert's reagent) and deprotection led to 6,13‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacene‐6,13‐diol, which was aromatized to 6,13‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacene by using PBr 3 . 6,13‐Dialkoxypentacenes were accessible by alkylation of the corresponding hydroquinopentacenes by using dialkyl sulfates. 6,13‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)pentacene and 6,13‐dimethoxypentacene exhibit slipped face‐to‐face π stacking in the solid state, whereas 6,13‐diethoxypentacene forms pairs of π‐stacking molecules in the solid state.
10-GHz Fully Differential Sallen–Key Lowpass Biquad Filters in 55nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2020)

Multi-GHz lowpass filters are key components for many RF applications and are required for the implementation of integrated high-speed analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters and optical communication systems. In the last two decades, integrated filters in the Multi-GHz range have been implemented using III-V or SiGe technologies. In all cases in which the size of passive components is a concern, inductorless designs are preferred. Furthermore, due to the recent development of high-speed and high-resolution data converters, highly linear multi-GHz filters are required more and more. Classical open loop topologies are not able to achieve high linearity, and closed loop filters are preferred in all applications where linearity is a key requirement. In this work, we present a fully differential BiCMOS implementation of the classical Sallen Key filter, which is able to operate up to about 10 GHz by exploiting both the bipolar and MOS transistors of a commercial 55-nm BiCMOS technology. The layout of the biquad filter has been implemented, and the results of post-layout simulations are reported. The biquad stage exhibits excellent SFDR (64 dB) and dynamic range (about 50 dB) due to the closed loop operation, and good power efficiency (0.94 pW/Hz/pole) with respect to comparable active inductorless lowpass filters reported in the literature. Moreover, unlike other filters, it exploits the different active devices offered by commercial SiGe BiCMOS technologies. Parametric and Monte Carlo simulations are also included to assess the robustness of the proposed biquad filter against PVT and mismatch variations.
Influence of PMD on the performance of optical transmission systems in the presence of PDL (2002)

Polarization dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion have been treated as separate phenomena in optical transmission systems. Simulation results indicate significant penalties from interaction of these effects, which must be considered in system design.
An investigation of the reproducibility and usefulness of automatic couch motion in complex radiation therapy techniques (2002)

Radiation therapy techniques that incorporate multiple couch motions are becoming more common, and they often involve an increasing level of complexity along with a need for automatic motion. The reproducibility of automatic couch motion is thus a growing concern. In this work we carried out various tests to assess the automatic motion of a commercial treatment couch, including tests to evaluate the digital readout reproducibility, as well as an independent verification of the reproducibility of the couch positions on repeated motions, using phantoms as well as a volunteer subject. It was shown that the couch motion is highly reproducible, with no discomfort to the patient, and can greatly improve treatment times as well as reduce errors in couch positioning.
Bonneville Power Administration Transformer Short Circuit Test Results - Comparison of Winding Inspection With Diagnostic Methods (1973)

This paper summarizes Bonneville Power Administration's transformer short circuit test experience of three-phase units rated 115-kv Delta to 12.47-kv Wye; reviews BPA's diagnostic and low voltage impulse test results, and correlates them with factory inspection of damaged units. Special emphasis is on the low voltage impulse method of evaluating transformer damage.
Molecular characterization of <i>Patched</i>‐associated rhabdomyosarcoma (2003)

Mutations in the human homologue of Drosophila Patched1 (PTCH1) have been found in several common tumours including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Medulloblastoma and RMS are also present in the murine model for Ptch1 deficiency. Tumours in heterozygous Ptch1(neo67/+) mice consistently exhibit elevated transcript levels of the proto-oncogene Gli1, of Ptch1 itself, and of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2). The present study has investigated additional molecular changes in RMSs of Ptch1 mutant mice by means of microarray analysis and protein expression analysis. The data show activation of the cell survival-promoting Akt/protein kinase B (Pkb). Furthermore, RMSs express increased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and of genes and proteins known to inhibit cell proliferation, including Gadd45a and p27kip1. Taken together, the data suggest that the formation of RMSs in Ptch1 mutants is associated with the ability of tumour cells to resist apoptosis.
Monoassociation with Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 stimulates the immune defense mechanisms of germfree mice (1998)

Probiotics are formulations containing live microorganisms or microbial stimulants that have some beneficial influence on the maintenance of a balanced intestinal microbiota and on the resistance to infections. The search for probiotics to be used in prevention or treatment of enteric infections, as an alternative to antibiotic therapy, has gained significant impulse in the last few years. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria in controlling infection by intestinal pathogens and in boosting the host's nonspecific immune response. Here, we studied the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from a human newborn from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as a probiotic. A suspension containing 10(8) cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 was inoculated into groups of at least five conventional and germfree Swiss mice to determine its capacity to stimulate the host mononuclear phagocytic activity. We demonstrate that this strain can survive the stressing conditions of the intestinal tract in vivo. Moreover, the monoassociation of germfree mice with this strain for seven days improved the host's macrophage phagocytic capacity, as demonstrated by the clearance of a Gram-negative bacterium inoculated intravenously. Monoassociated mice showed an undetectable number of circulating E. coli, while 0.1% of the original inoculum was still present in germfree animals. Mice treated with viable or heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 presented similarly improved clearance capacity when compared with germfree controls. In addition, monoassociated mice had twice the amount of Kupffer cells, which are responsible for the clearance of circulating bacteria, compared to germfree controls. These results suggest that the L. acidophilus strain used here stimulates a nonspecific immune response and is a strong candidate to be used as a probiotic.
Thermal Implications of On-Chip Voltage Regulation (2014)

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the thermal implications of high power density on-chip voltage regulators. This paper is a first attempt to highlight the importance of the number, size, and location of on-chip voltage regulators on the thermal hotspots and thermal gradient. The physical location of on-chip voltage regulators is explored to distribute the hotspot locations and achieve spatial low pass filtering of the hotspots. A new thermal-aware physical design and power management technique are proposed to spatially and temporally distribute the hotspot locations over the cooler areas within an integrated circuit. The proposed technique eliminates the thermal gradient due to on-chip voltage regulators without any performance loss.
Estimating lateral straggling of impurity profiles of ions implanted into crystalline silicon (2001)

We have developed an analytical model with lateral straggling parameters to describe the tilt dependence of ion-implantation profiles. We introduce three parameters associated with depth-dependent lateral straggling into the model. On the basis of comparison between experimental and analytical data, we have established a database of ion-implantation profiles that includes lateral-straggling parameters.
Polymer-Supported pH Sensors Based on Hydrophobically Bound Luminescent Ruthenium(II) Complexes (1998)

A new luminescence intensity-based sensor-polymer support system is described. The pH-sensitive element is [Ru(phen)2[phen(OH)2]]2+ or [Ru(Ph2phen)2[phen(OH)2]]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Ph2phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and phen(OH)2 = 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline) immobilized on a polymer built from a four-function cyclic methyl siloxane ring polymer having (SiRCH3O)4 units with poly(ethylene oxide) cross-linkers. Hydrophobic binding of the sensor to the polymer is used to avoid the need for covalent chemistry. These sensor systems have a usable sensitivity over the 2−8 pH range, but are most usable in the 2−6 pH range. Response times for thick films (250 μM) are rapid (several minutes).
Constraint meta-object: a new object model for distributed collaborative designing (1997)

Object databases have been recognized as providing rich data modeling capabilities for the next-generation applications, especially CAD/CAM, software engineering, and multimedia. The core object model consisting of objects, messages and inheritance, however, is not adequate to tackle all the requirements of these applications. Since collaborative activity is one of the key features of next-generation applications, it is essential that the basic object model be extended to support collaborative activity. We propose an object model for collaborative designing based on objects and constraint meta-objects. Each design object has an associated constraint space consisting of one or more constraint meta-objects. The object/constraint meta-object separation achieves a clear distinction between design object and its associated design environment and provides a framework for supporting collaboration among members of a design team. Collaboration is modeled as dependencies among multiple constraint spaces on different nodes, and collaborative activity as design transactions satisfying local constraints and propagating constraints among interrelated constraint spaces. We propose language extensions to C++ for capturing the object/constraint meta-object paradigm. The extensions are implemented using filters, a special mechanism for capturing messages sent to an object. Our model has been applied to the case of a mechanical CAD problem.
Radio Frequency Radiation of Millimeter Wave Length (2000)

Currently, technology is being developed that makes use of the millimeter wave (MMW) range (30-300 GHz) of the radio frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum. As more and more systems come on line and are used in everyday applications, the possibility of inadvertent exposure of personnel to MMWs increases. To date, there has been no published discussion regarding the health effects of MMWs; this review attempts to fill that void. Because of the shallow depth of penetration, the energy and, therefore, heat associated with MMWs will be deposited within the first 1-2 mm of human skin. MMWs have been used in states of the former Soviet Union to provide therapeutic benefit in a number of diverse disease states, including skin disorders, gastric ulcers, heart disease and cancer. Conversely, the possibility exists that hazards might be associated with accidental overexposure to MMWs. This review attempts to critically analyze the likelihood of such acute effects as burn and eye damage, as well as potential long-term effects, including cancer.
Predicting bed dynamics in three-phase, fluidized-bed biofilm reactors (1994)

This paper presents a unified model that inter-relates gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, and hold-ups of each of the liquid, gas, and solid phases in three-phase, fluidized-bed biofilm (TPFBB) process. It describes how carrier properties, biofilm properties, and gas and liquid flow velocities control the system dynamics, which ultimately will affect the density, thickness, and distribution of the biofilm. The paper describes the development of the mathematical model to correlate the effects of gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, solid concentration, and biofilm thickness and density. This knowledge is critically needed in light of the use of TPFBB processes in treating industrial wastewater, which often has high substrate concentration. For example, the proper design of the TPFBB process requires mathematical description of the cause-effect relationship between biofilm growth and fluidization.
RAPD-PCR characterization of lactobacilli isolated from artisanal meat plants and traditional fermented sausages of Veneto region (Italy) (2001)

The method, which is easy and rapid to perform, could be useful for the study of the lactobacilli populations present in fermented sausages, and could help in the selection of candidate strains to use as starter cultures in meat fermentation.
Statistical estimation of the cumulative distribution function for power dissipation in VLSI cirucits (1997)

This paper proposes to use quantile points of the cumulative distributionfunction for power consumption to provide detailed informationabout the power distribution in a circuit. The paper also presentstwo techniques based on population pruning and stratification to improvethe efficiency of estimation. Both population pruning and stratificationare based on a lowcost predictor, such as zero-delay powerestimate. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposedtechniques in providing detailed power distribution information.
Usage of adaptive arrays to solve resource planning problems (2002)

The usage of adaptive antenna arrays in cellular systems is currently being investigated by many researchers. In this paper we show by means of simulation that adaptive antenna arrays allow to reduce the reuse distance, and hence to increase spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, it is shown that, by adopting a fractional loading factor, it is possible to adopt a cluster size equal to 1, which avoids the need of frequency planning altogether, and allows a further improvement in spectrum efficiency.
Optimization of PZT Thin Film Crystalline Orientation Through Optimization of TiO2/Pt Templates (2011)

Abstract : Titanium dioxide (TiO2) seed/adhesion layers were produced by sputter depositing 15-45-nm thick Ti films on thermally grown silicon oxide (SiO2) using a range of deposition conditions including deposition time, cathode power, and argon (Ar) gas pressure gas flow. The Ti films were oxidized and converted to the rutile TiO2 phase by annealing in a tube furnace and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and ellipsometry. A 100-nm platinum (Pt) electrode layer was then sputter-deposited at 500 deg C onto the TiO2 seed layer. The Pt {111} orientation templates from the underlying {100} textured TiO2 film, which forms during oxidation of the {0002} textured Ti film. Analysis of the 222 Pt X-ray diffraction peak shows an 8-fold improvement in peak height and a decrease in rocking curve full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) from 9 deg to 2 deg for the Pt deposited on an approximately 30 nm TiO2 template compared to the same Pt process used for deposition onto a Ti template. Use of the Pt/TiO2 electrode for growth of PZT(52/48) results in films with 90% textured volume fraction, which is expected to improve electrical properties of the PZT films.
Working memory, attention control, and the n-back task: A question of construct validity. (2007)

The N-back task requires participants to decide whether each stimulus in a sequence matches the one that appeared n items ago. Although N-back has become a standard "executive" working memory (WM) measure in cognitive neuroscience, it has been subjected to few behavioral tests of construct validity. A combined experimental- correlational study tested the attention-control demands of verbal 2- and 3-back tasks by presenting n = 1 "lure" foils. Lures elicited more false alarms than control foils in both 2- and 3-back tasks, and lures caused more misses to targets that immediately followed them compared with control targets, but only in 3-back tasks. N-back thus challenges control over familiarity-based responding. Participants also completed a verbal WM span task (operation span task) and a marker test of general fluid intelligence (Gf; Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices Test; J. C. Raven, J. E. Raven, & J. H. Court, 1998). N-back and WM span correlated weakly, suggesting they do not reflect primarily a single construct; moreover, both accounted for independent variance in Gf. N-back has face validity as a WM task, but it does not demonstrate convergent validity with at least 1 established WM measure.