gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of BMP-9 on endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis (2019)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease involving dysfunction of endothelial cells (EC) and enhanced permeability of the endothelium to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and the transmigration of monocytes from the blood to the intima where they are transformed into foam cells after lipid engulfment. Changes in the composition of the basement membrane leading to increased fibronectin deposition also occur and modify EC-extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanotransduction. The release of lipids due to foam cell apoptosis, as well as the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima and their proliferation, increase the stiffness of arteries at later stages of atherosclerosis. EC dysfunction also involves other factors, including soluble cytokines and growth factors (GF) such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). BMP-9 is a potent circulatory GF which has been shown to affect EC behavior. However, to date, few studies have investigated its role in atherosclerosis. The present review describes the histology and homeostasis of arteries by explaining EC function/dysfunction and discusses BMP-9 effect on EC behavior, considering factors engaged in the development of atherosclerosis.
Suppressors of  (1,3)fucosylation identified by expression cloning in the LEC11B gain-of-function CHO mutant (2004)

Factors that regulate a(1,3)fucosyltransferase activity are important to identify because FUT genes are up-regulated during inflammation, cancer progression, and tumor metastasis. FUT gene activation increases the expression of cell surface oncofetal antigens such as Lewis X, sialyl-Le X and VIM-2. The LEC11B gain-of-function glycosylation mutant displays these antigens and binds E-selectin because it expresses the Fut6B gene that is shown here to lie immediately downstream of the Fut6A gene. A retroviral strategy for expression cloning factors that suppress a(1,3)fucosylation in LEC11B cells was developed, and several cDNAs that reverted the LEC11B glycosylation phenotype were isolated. cDNAs that arose most frequently and independently encoded SLC35C2, a putative GDP-fucose transporter (also termed CGI-15 or Ovcov1); Cd63, a tetraspanin membrane protein; and Hdac5, a histone deacetylase. When transfected into LEC11B cells the SLC35C2 cDNA reduced Le X expression with no concomitant suppression of Fut6B gene transcripts. Transfection of the Cd63 cDNA induced low levels of ricin resistance and also did not suppress Fut6B gene transcripts in LEC11B. However, the Hdac5 cDNA induced ricin resistance, reduced fucosylated antigen expression, and essentially eliminated Fut6B gene transcripts. The Hdac5 cDNA isolated by expression cloning encoded the C-terminal region of hamster Hdac5. Overexpression of this partial Hdac5 cDNA or a full-length Hdac5 cDNA, suppressed Fut6B gene transcripts specifically. Thus the expression cloning strategy identified Hdac5 as a trans-acting repressor of the Chinese hamster ovary Fut6B gene and Cd63 and SLC35C2 as novel factors that suppress a(1,3)fucosylation by mechanisms unrelated to effects on Fut gene expression.
Social IQa: Commonsense Reasoning about Social Interactions (2019)

Maarten Sap, Hannah Rashkin, Derek Chen, Ronan Le Bras, Yejin Choi. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Discovering frequent geometric subgraphs (2003)

As data mining techniques are being increasingly applied to non-traditional domains, existing approaches for finding frequent itemsets cannot be used as they cannot model the requirement of these domains. An alternate way of modeling the objects in these data sets, is to use a graph to model the database objects. Within that model, the problem of finding frequent patterns becomes that of discovering subgraphs that occur frequently over the entire set of graphs. We present a computationally efficient algorithm for finding frequent geometric subgraphs in a large collection of geometric graphs. Our algorithm is able to discover geometric subgraphs that can be rotation, scaling and translation invariant, and it can accommodate inherent errors on the coordinates of the vertices. Our experimental results show that our algorithms require relatively little time, can accommodate low support values, and scale linearly on the number of transactions.
Lactic acid bacteria-specific induction of CD4+Foxp3+T cells ameliorates shrimp tropomyosin-induced allergic response in mice via suppression of mTOR signaling (2017)

The beneficial effects of probiotics have been described in allergic sensitization and diseases; however, many questions remain unanswered, such as characteristics of the most effective strains in modulation of allergic responses and how orally administered probiotics affect the systemic immune system. In the present work, oral administration of five lactic acid bacteria strains showed variable effects on protection against the allergic reaction in a mouse model of food allergy to shrimp tropomyosin (ST). The most effective anti-allergic strain, Bacillus coagulans 09.712 (Bc), greatly improved epithelial barrier function and increased lymphocytes proliferation. Moreover, Bc suppresses ST sensitization by altering Th1/Th2/Treg balance as a result of strong induction of CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>Tregs in combination with IL-10 producing. Bc-specific induction of CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Tregs also suppresses Th17 pro-inflammatory response in this mouse model. Finally, the intake of Bc suppresses mTOR activation and thus the phosphorylation of downstream factors. Inhibition of mTOR signaling by Bc further results in FOXP3 up-regulation and GATA-3 down-regulation, which, in turn, facilitate to control Th2-predominant and Th17 pro-inflammatory responses caused by ST. Our work provides further characterization of the anti-allergic effects of probiotic LAB strains, and identifies new targets for preventive and curative treatment of food allergies.
Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomative <i>syn</i>-1,4-Carboamination (2017)

A dearomative 1,4-carboamination of arenes has been achieved using arenophile cycloaddition and subsequent palladium-catalyzed substitution with nonstabilized lithium enolates. This protocol delivers products with exclusive syn-1,4-selectivity and can be also conducted in an asymmetric fashion. The method allows rapid dearomative difunctionalization of simple aromatic compounds into functional small molecules amenable to further diversification.
Beta-glucuronidase activity in prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (1989)

Beta-glucuronidase activity was extracted from prostatic carcinomas and hyperplastic prostates. It was 3.6-fold higher (P less than 0.0001) in prostatic carcinoma than in prostatic hyperplasia. Analysis for isoenzymes of prostatic beta-glucuronidase by disc-gel electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels demonstrated only one form of the enzyme. Histochemically, enzymatic activity was observed almost entirely in epithelial cells in both prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Inkjet Printing of 2D Layered Materials (2014)

Inkjet printing of 2D layered materials, such as graphene and MoS2, has attracted great interests for emerging electronics. However, incompatible rheology, low concentration, severe aggregation and toxicity of solvents constitute critical challenges which hamper the manufacturing efficiency and product quality. Here, we introduce a simple and general technology concept (distillation-assisted solvent exchange) to efficiently overcome these challenges. By implementing the concept, we have demonstrated excellent jetting performance, ideal printing patterns and a variety of promising applications for inkjet printing of 2D layered materials.
Detection and removal of pathogenic biofilms on medical implant surfaces. (2005)

Advances in sensor technology have had a significant impact in medical research and practice in the last decade. However, within the hospital environment problems still exist where the application of sensing technology could provide the solution. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria within hospitals and the risk of serious infection that they pose is a cause for concern. This paper describes a research project that has recently started at the University of Ulster investigating the potential of "Sense and Destroy" tactics to reduce the spread of medical device related infections. It is proposed that Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) probes implanted within a catheter may be used to detect subclinical biofilm formation. Furthermore, if the presence of a biofilm is detected, activation of a photocatalytic coating on the catheter wall may be used to inactivate the responsible microorganisms.
W-band InP Gunn diodes with optimized linearly graded profiles (2002)

The I-V characteristics and RF performances of W-band InP Gunn diodes with linearly graded doping profiles are presented. Measurements performed on a fabricated diode indicate all output power of 135 mW with 3.0% efficiency at 90 GHz and output power of 117 mW with 2.7% at 94 GHz. The efficiencies are about 1.5 times larger than the best efficiency obtained for flat diodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
pH-Controlled Change of the Metal Coordination in a Dicopper(II) Complex of the Ligand H−BPMP:  Crystal Structures, Magnetic Properties, and Catecholase Activity (2000)

The dinucleating ligand 2,6-bis[(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)methyl]-4-methylphenol (H-BPMP) has been used to synthesize the three dinuclear Cu(II) complexes [Cu2(BPMP)(OH)][ClO4](2).0.5C4H8O (1), [Cu2(BPMP)(H2O)2](ClO4)(3).4H2O (2), and [Cu2(H-BPMP)][(ClO4)4].2CH3CN (3). X-ray diffraction studies reveal that 1 is a mu-hydroxo, mu-phenoxo complex, 2 a diaqua, mu-phenoxo complex, and 3 a binuclear complex with Cu-Cu distances of 2.96, 4.32, and 6.92 A, respectively. Magnetization measurements reveal that 1 is moderately antiferromagnetically coupled while 2 and 3 are essentially uncoupled. The electronic spectra in acetonitrile or in water solutions give results in accordance with the solid-state structures. 1 is EPR-silent, in agreement with the antiferromagnetic coupling between the two copper atoms. The X-band spectrum of powdered 2 is consistent with a tetragonally elongated square pyramid geometry around the Cu(II) ions, in accordance with the solid-state structure, while the spectrum in frozen solution suggests a change in the coordination geometry. The EPR spectra of 3 corroborate the solid-state and UV-visible studies. The 1H NMR spectra also lead to observations in accordance with the conclusions from other spectroscopies. The electrochemical behavior of 1 and 2 in acetonitrile or in water solutions shows that the first reduction (Cu(II)Cu(II)-Cu(II)Cu(I) redox couple) is reversible and the second (formation of Cu(I)Cu(I) irreversible. In water, 1 and 2 are reversibly interconverted upon acid/base titration (pK 4.95). In basic medium a new species, 4, is reversibly formed (pK 12.0), identified as the bishydroxo complex. Only 1 exhibits catecholase activity (oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol to the corresponding quinone, vmax = 1.1 x 10(-6) M-1 s-1 and KM = 1.49 mM). The results indicate that the pH dependence of the catalytic abilities of the complexes is related to changes in the coordination sphere of the metal centers.
HIV Envelope Binding by Macrophage-Expressed gp340 Promotes HIV-1 Infection (2008)

The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein gp340 functions as part of the host innate immune defense system at mucosal surfaces. In the genital tract, its expression by cervical and vaginal epithelial cells promotes HIV trans-infection and may play a role in sexual transmission. Gp340 is an alternatively spliced product of the deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) gene. In addition to its innate immune system activity, DMBT1 demonstrates instability in multiple types of cancer and plays a role in epithelial cell differentiation. We demonstrate that monocyte-derived macrophages express gp340 and that HIV-1 infection is decreased when envelope cannot bind it. Inhibition of infection occurred at the level of fusion of M-, T-, and dual-tropic envelopes. Additional HIV-1 envelope binding molecules, such as dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), mannose-binding lectin, and heparan sulfate, enhance the efficiency of infection of the cells that express them by increasing the local concentration of infectious virus. Our data suggest that gp340, which is expressed by macrophages in vivo, may function to enhance infection in much the same manner. Its expression on tissue macrophages and epithelial cells suggests important new opportunities for HIV-1 pathogenesis investigation and therapy.
Intravenous Acetaminophen: An Alternative to Opioids for Pain Management? (2013)

> You are consulted to co-manage a 7-month-old girl after surgical reduction of intussusception. The surgery was uncomplicated, and the patient was extubated in the operating room. Pain management will consist of intravenous (IV) opioids, specifically morphine. IV acetaminophen has recently become available at your institution, and you wonder if it could reduce the need for morphine in this patient. Would this then minimize the potential for adverse effects? 

IV acetaminophen, under the brand name Ofirmev®, was approved in 2010 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of mild to moderate pain, the management of moderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics, and the reduction of fever in patients aged ≥2 years at a dosage of 15 mg/kg every 6 hours to a maximum of 75 mg/kg per day.1 The cost for a single-use vial is about $10. Although there are 10 years of worldwide experience, the use of IV acetaminophen in North America has remained limited despite growing evidence supporting its benefits and relative safety. Use in infants has been particularly limited due to its off-label status.

In the double-blind, randomized controlled trial recently published in JAMA ,2 Ceelie et al investigated the utility of IV acetaminophen in infants. More specifically, they sought to determine whether the routine use of IV acetaminophen would reduce postoperative morphine requirements in patients …
Theoretical Investigation of the Ground and Excited States of Coumarin 151 and Coumarin 120 (2002)

We present calculations of various properties of the ground and excited states of Coumarins 151 and 120. These and related coumarins are important in investigating ultrafast solvation processes in liquids and complex solutions as well as being important acceptors in model electron-transfer systems. We calculate the following: (1) the electronic excitation energies to several low-lying singlet states, (2) ground and excited-state dipole moments, (3) solvation effects on excitation energies, and (4) the properties of single Coumarin 151-water complexes. We test our Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations against CASSCF, CASPT2 (both single and multistate versions), CIS, and ZINDO. Using TDDFT, we find excellent agreement with experimental S1 ← S0 excitation energies. On the basis of these results, we address several outstanding questions for these systems and find: (1) that TICT-formation is unlikely upon photexcitation for gas-phase C151, (2) a greater tendency toward a planar amine group for the S1 state than for the ground state, (3) significant differences between our gas-phase ground-state dipole moment and the experimental value, and (4) TDDFT results for water−Coumarin 151 complexes are in good agreement with the experimental results of Topp and co-workers.
On Scale and Scope and the history of the non-profit sector in the United Kingdom (1996)

Abstract This article argues that Alfred Chandler's analysis of the British firm cannot be transposed to the very different context of non-profit organisations in Britain. Both in relation to charitable non-profit organisations and mutual benefit organisations, Chandler's theory of the development of firms does not help explain organisational development. The main thrust of the argument is that the explanation for the smaller size of charitable non-profits in Britain than in America is largely institutional and partly socio-cultural; the explanation does not lie in any failure in Britain to adopt new techniques of management and organisation. With mutual benefit non-profits, a rather different account is presented. ‘Mutuals’ which had a strong fraternal element were relatively more successful in Britain than in America, although there is less difference between the two countries with regard to ‘non-fraternal’ mutuals. Once again, it is argued that institutional and socio-cultural factors — rather than the factors identified by Chandler — account for this.
Advances in Food Processing (Food Preservation, Food Safety, Quality and Manufacturing Processes) (2021)

The aim of this special issue was to bring about advances in the area of food manufacturing, including packaging, addressing issues of food safety, quality, fraud and how these processes (new and old) could affect the organoleptic characteristics of foods, with the aim of promoting consumer satisfaction [...]
55% PAE and High Power Ka-Band GaN HEMTs With Linearized Transconductance via $\hbox{n}+$ GaN Source Contact Ledge (2008)

We report small- and large-signal performances of 140-nm gatelength field-plated GaN HEMTs at Ka-band frequencies, in which the GaN HEMTs were fabricated with n+ source contact ledge. The parasitic channel resistance is reduced by ~ 50%, whereas the peak extrinsic transconductance is improved by 20% from 370 to 445 mS/mm. The GaN HEMTs with n+ source ledge exhibit improvement of maximum stable gain by at least 0.7 dB over reference devices without n+ ledge. At 30 GHz, CW output power density of 10 W/mm is measured with peak PAE of 40% and associated gain of 8.4 dB at Vds = 42 V. At Vds = 30 V, the output power density is measured as 7.3 W/mm with peak PAE of 50%, peak DE of 58%, and associated gain of 8.5 dB. The best PAE was measured as 55% at 5 W/mm at 30, 33, and 36 GHz, where the associated gains were 7.9, 7.6, and 8.2 dB, respectively.
Characteristics of dc magnetron, reactively sputtered TiN<i>x</i> films for diffusion barriers in III–V semiconductor metallization (1984)

TiNx films have been deposited on C, Si, InP, and glass substrates by reactive sputtering of Ti in a dc magnetron system. The value of x and the crystal structure varied with the deposition parameters around the pressure hysteresis loop typical of reactive sputtering. With a fixed argon flow of 5 standard cm3min−1 (sccm) and a dc current of 2 A, the total pressure P remained constant at 0.23 Pa up to nitrogen flows f(N2) of 5.2 sccm. For 0≤f(N2)&lt;4.1 sccm, only the hcp α-Ti phase was observed by x-ray and electron diffraction, but the films tended to be amorphous for f(N2)∼4.1 sccm. At f(N2)=5.1 sccm, the fcc TiN0.8 phase was observed with a lattice constant a0 of 0.422 nm; the value of x was obtained by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). At f(N2)=5.2 sccm, the pressure increased rapidly to 0.35 Pa; thereafter, P varied linearly with f(N2) until f(N2) was reduced to 3.0 sccm. This behavior is due to the formation of a nitride layer on the Ti target. In this condition, fcc TiN1.2 films with a0=0.428 nm were obtained for all f(N2). The diffusion barrier characteristics of these films were determined by annealing Au/TiN1.2/InP samples at different temperatures. Comparisons were made with samples where 50 nm thick TiN1.2 films were replaced by 50 nm Cr or Pt. Whereas 1 wt.% In was detected in the Au after annealing for 60 s at 500 °C for Pt and 300 s for Cr, no In was detected for the TiN1.2 barrier after 24 h.
Condensation of acetonitrile into N-acetimidoylacetamidine promoted by a dinuclear nickel(ii) complex (2001)

Acetonitrile reacts with a dinuclear nickel(II) complex [Ni2(μ-OH)2(tpa)2](ClO4) 2 [tpa = tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine] in solution forming a novel square-planar nickel(II) complex Ni{HNC(Me)–NC(Me)–NH}2.
Effects of oligonucleotide length, mismatches and mRNA levels on C-5 propyne-modified antisense potency (1996)

To understand the parameters required for designing potent and specific antisense C-5 propynyl-pyrimidine-2'-deoxyphosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides (C-5 propyne ONs), we have utilized a HeLa line that stably expresses luciferase under tight control of a tetracycline-responsive promoter. Using this sensitive and regulatable cell-based system we have identified five distinct antisense ONs targeting luciferase and have investigated the role that ON length, target mismatches, compound stability and intracellular RNA levels play in affecting antisense potency. We demonstrate that C-5 propyne ONs as short as 11 bases retained 66% of the potency demonstrated by the parent 15 base compound, that a one base internal mismatch between the antisense ON and the luciferase target reduced the potency of the antisense ON by 43% and two or more mismatches completely inactivated the antisense ON and that C-5 propyne ONs have a biologically active half-life in tissue culture of 35 h. In addition, by regulating the intracellular levels of the luciferase mRNA over 20-fold, we show that the potency of C-5 propyne ONs is unaffected by changes in the expression level of the target RNA. These data suggest that low and high copy messages can be targeted with equivalent potency using C-5 propyne ONs.
True Atomic-Scale Imaging in Three Dimensions: A Review of the Rebirth of Field-Ion Microscopy (2017)

This article reviews recent advances utilizing field-ion microscopy (FIM) to extract atomic-scale three-dimensional images of materials. This capability is not new, as the first atomic-scale reconstructions of features utilizing FIM were demonstrated decades ago. The rise of atom probe tomography, and the application of this latter technique in place of FIM has unfortunately severely limited further FIM development. Currently, the ubiquitous availability of extensive computing power makes it possible to treat and reconstruct FIM data digitally and this development allows the image sequences obtained utilizing FIM to be extremely valuable for many material science and engineering applications. This article demonstrates different applications of these capabilities, focusing on its use in physical metallurgy and semiconductor science and technology.
“洪典—圣经与文学” 序言 (1986)

若以最贴切的形象再现诺思罗普·弗莱长期心智活动的历程,运动,兴许就是维柯的所有匹敌(包括弗莱本人)都熟知的回旋运动的形象了,因为这种运动是不断扩展的,螺旋上升的,总守着同一轴心,又总是穿透新的领域。弗莱是位多产作家。他实践过的批评样式不下四种:专论(发表了八种,论布莱克的一部,论莎士比亚的三部,论弥尔顿的一部,等等);论集目前已有六集,特别是大家总提到的《认同的寓言,
An electromagnetic microscopic positioning device for the scanning tunneling microscope (1985)

We have developed a device that is capable of moving with steps as small as 70 Å in any direction over a flat surface. The device that we call the Maggot consists of two permanent magnets attached to the corners of a triangular plate that stands on a flat base with three fixed ball-bearing feet. The Maggot is propelled across the base by the magnetic fields from two coils that are powered by computer-controlled current pulses. Steering of the Maggot is made by vector addition of the pulses by the computer. A complete electromagnetic force theory is given in order to find the best magnet and solenoid geometries for maximum performance. The Maggot is UHV compatible, operates from 500 to 4.2 °K, and is most suitable for operation on a vibration-isolated base. Movement data is measured with both optical and scanning tunneling microscopy.
All Are One Before the Law (2007)

The 40th anniversary of the last state-authorised execution in Australia (Ronald Ryan hanged on 3 February 1967). The author hopes that legally trained citizens will assist the nation to conduct itself according to principles informed by values consistent with our finest religious traditions and that the law will treat everybody equally.