gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The extent of oxidative mitogenesis does not correlate with the degree of aldehyde formation of the T lymphocyte membrane. (1986)

Chemical oxidation of T lymphocytes with periodate or the combined action of the enzymes neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO) results in T cell activation. The latter process includes the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and the induction of IL 2 receptors. Because membrane-bound aldehydes act in the transmission of the oxidative mitogenic signal, we designed a comparative study in human thymocytes and peripheral blood leukocytes in order to determine a possible correlation between the degree of the membrane aldehydes generated chemically or enzymatically and the extent of the resulting activation. The differences between periodate- and NAGO-induced aldehydes were demonstrated by flow cytometry of cells stained with a novel fluoresceinated hydrazide and by an electrophoretic procedure performed with biocytin hydrazide and 125I-streptavidin. In both cellular systems, periodate oxidation resulted in stronger formation of aldehydes than NAGO oxidation. However, the IL 2 receptor induced by NAGO formation and the resultant activation were significantly higher than those induced by periodate. The degree of aldehyde formation on peripheral blood leukocytes was also considerably higher than that of thymocytes, yet similar patterns of [3H]thymidine uptake were observed in the mitogenic assays of both cellular systems. The data indicate that no correlation exists between the extent of aldehyde formation and the degree of oxidative mitogenesis. It is thus suggested that relatively few (or maybe only one) membrane-bound aldehyde-containing molecules act in the transmission of the oxidative mitogenic signal.
A Calibration Method of a Range Finder With a Six-Port Network (2007)

A calibration method is proposed for a range finder with a six-port phase frequency discriminator. Calibration equations are derived that include phase errors resulting from both the imperfections in a six-port network and the different diode characteristics. The equations allow a simple and accurate calibration of the range finder with the six-port network. Calibration parameters are calculated from dc outputs, which are measured as the output frequency is varied. The maximum error of a distance measurement from 0.5 to 3 m is ~ 2%.
A low power flexible dielectric barrier discharge disinfects surfaces and improves the action of hydrogen peroxide (2021)

There is an urgent need for disinfection and sterilization devices accessible to the public that can be fulfilled by innovative strategies for using cold atmospheric pressure plasmas. Here, we demonstrate a successful novel combination of a flexible printed circuit design of a dielectric barrier discharge (flex-DBD) with an environmentally safe chemical reagent for surface decontamination from bacterial contaminants. Flex-DBD operates in ambient air, atmospheric pressure, and room temperature without any additional gas flow at a power density not exceeding 0.5 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. The flex-DBD activation of a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution results in the reduction in the bacterial load of a surface contaminant of > 6log<sub>10</sub> in 90 s, about 3log<sub>10</sub> and 2log<sub>10</sub> better than hydrogen peroxide alone or the flex-DBD alone, respectively, for the same treatment time. We propose that the synergy between plasma and hydrogen peroxide is based on the combined action of plasma-generated OH<sup>·</sup> radicals in the hydrogen peroxide solution and the reactive nitrogen species supplied by the plasma effluent. A scavenger method verified a significant increase in OH<sup>·</sup> concentration due to plasma treatment. Novel in-situ FTIR absorption spectra show the presence of O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and other nitrogen species. Ozone dissolving in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution can effectively generate OH<sup>·</sup> through a peroxone process. The addition of the reactive nitrogen species increases the disinfection efficiency of the hydroxyl radicals and other oxygen species. Hence, plasma activation of a low concentration hydrogen peroxide solution, using a hand-held flexible DBD device results in a dramatic improvement in disinfection.
The terminal organization of macronuclear DNA IN<i>Oxytricha fallax</i> (1982)

The macronucleus of the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha fallax is transcriptionally active and contains linear achromosomal DNA molecules that function as single-gene units. The terminal organization of macronuclear DNA was analyzed by chemical sequencing and S1 mapping. The terminal sequence of total macronuclear DNA was determined for molecules labeled at the 5' or 3' ends. Results indicate that the 5' sequence C4A4C4A4C4 and the 3' sequence G4T4G4T4G4T4G4T4G4 occur at both ends of all DNA molecules in the macronucleus. The discrepancy in the length of the common terminal sequence between the 5' and 3' ends was clarified by a limited S1 digestion experiment, which indicated the existence of a 16 nucleotide long single-stranded tail at the 3' ends.
The theory of chirowaveguides (1990)

The theory of chirowaveguides is discussed, and their salient features are analyzed. It is shown that the Helmholtz equations for the longitudinal components of electric and magnetic fields in chirowaveguides are always coupled and that, consequently, in these waveguides individual transverse electric (TE), transverse magnetic (TM), or transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes cannot be supported. As an illustrative example, the parallel-plate chirowaveguide is analyzed in detail and the corresponding dispersion relations, cutoff frequencies, and propagating and evanescent modes are obtained. In the dispersion (Brillouin) diagram for a chirowaveguide, three regions are identified: the fast-fast-wave region, the fast-slow-wave region and the slow-slow-wave region. For each of these regions, the electromagnetic field components in a parallel-plate chirowaveguide are analyzed and the electric field components are plotted. Potential applications of chirowaveguides in integrated optical devices, communications systems, and printed circuit antennas are mentioned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spatial sparsity based indoor localization in wireless sensor network for assistive healthcare (2012)

Indoor localization is one of the key topics in the area of wireless networks with increasing applications in assistive healthcare, where tracking the position and actions of the patient or elderly are required for medical observation or accident prevention. Most of the common indoor localization methods are based on estimating one or more location-dependent signal parameters like TOA, AOA or RSS. However, some difficulties and challenges caused by the complex scenarios within a closed space significantly limit the applicability of those existing approaches in an indoor assistive environment, such as the well-known multipath effect. In this paper, we develop a new one-stage localization method based on spatial sparsity of the x-y plane. In this method, we directly estimate the location of the emitter without going through the intermediate stage of TOA or signal strength estimation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the proposed method is (i) very accurate even with a small number of sensors and (ii) very effective in addressing the multi-path issues.
A W-band down-conversion mixer in 90 nm CMOS with excellent matching and port-to-port isolation for automotive radars (2014)

A W-band double-balanced down-conversion mixer for automotive radars using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The mixer comprises a double-balanced Gilbert cell with inductive source-degeneration RF transconductance stage for RF-port input matching bandwidth and conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single RF input signal to differential signal, a Marchand balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and a baseband amplifier. The mixer consumes 13 mW and achieves excellent RF-port input reflection coefficient of -13.1~ -19.4 dB and LO-port input reflection coefficient of -9.1~ -11.8 dB for frequencies of 75~85 GHz. In addition, for frequencies of 75~85 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of -1~1.5 dB, LO-RF isolation of 43.5~49.2 dB, LO-IF isolation of 56.5~64.5 dB and RF-IF isolation of 35.9~39.4 dB, one of the best CG and port-to-port isolation results ever reported for a CMOS down-conversion mixer with operation frequency around 80 GHz.
The Oxford Desk Thesaurus (1995)

The best compact source for finding the right wordCompiled by America's preeminent lexicographerThe easy-to-use alphabetical arrangement is the fastest way to find the word you needHelpful sample sentences ensure proper usage every timeFeatures a unique cross-referencing system that puts more synonyms within easy reachIncludes unusual words and phrases such as gormless, ninnyhammer, lollapalooza, foozle, high-muck-a-muck, and inspissate that supplement the standard synonym choices
Accurate method for the determination of bulk minority-carrier lifetimes of mono- and multicrystalline silicon wafers (1997)

An accurate method for the determination of the bulk minority-carrier recombination lifetime of crystalline silicon wafers of typical thickness (&lt;0.5 mm) is presented. The method consists of two main steps: first, both wafer surfaces are passivated with silicon nitride films fabricated at low temperature (&lt;400 °C) in a remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Second, the effective minority-carrier lifetime of the wafer is measured by means of the contactless microwave-detected photoconductance decay technique. Due to the outstanding degree of surface passivation provided by remote-plasma silicon nitride films, the bulk minority-carrier lifetime can be very accurately determined from the measured effective minority-carrier lifetime. The method is suited for the bulk minority-carrier lifetime determination of p-type and n-type silicon wafers with doping concentrations in the 1014–1017 cm-3 range. We demonstrate the potential of the method for commercially available float-zone, Czochralski, and multicrystalline silicon wafers of standard thickness.
Beam dynamics studies for the reacceleration of low energy RIBs at the NSCL (2007)

Rare Isotope Beams (RIBs) are created at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) by the in-flight particle fragmentation method. A novel system that stops the RIBs in helium gas and reaccelerates them is proposed to provide opportunities for an experimental program ranging from low energy Coulomb excitation to transfer reaction studies of astrophysical reactions. The beam from the gas stopper [1] will first be brought into a Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) charge breeder [2] on a high voltage platform to increase its charge state, and then accelerated up to about 3 MeV/u by a system consisting of an external multi-harmonic buncher and a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) followed by a superconducting linac. The superconducting linac will use quarter-wave resonators with optimum acceleration for particle velocities as a fraction of the speed of light (βopt) of 0.041 and 0.085 for acceleration and superconducting solenoid magnets for transverse focusing. The accelerator system design and the end-to-end beam dynamics simulations are presented.
Practical experience with commercial embryo transfer in pigs (1989)

Embryo transfer was used to introduce new genetic material into 5 commercial specific-pathogen-free pig herds in south eastern Queensland in order to reduce the risk of disease transmission. The embryos were collected surgically from gilts and sows and transferred surgically to synchronised recipient sows on the farms within 12 h. A total of 751 embryos were collected from 37 donors of which 665 were transferred to 39 recipients. Thirty-one (79.5%) farrowed with an average litter size of 8.1 +/- 3.0. The methods used to synchronise oestrus and superovulate the donors, together with a detailed description of the surgical technique are presented and discussed in relation to practical problems and limitations of the use of embryo transfer in swine.
The Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor RORα Promotes Keratinocyte Differentiation via FOXN1 (2013)

RORα is a retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor that regulates inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation of several non-epithelial tissues. In spite of its high expression in skin epithelium, its functions in this tissue remain unclear. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches to alter RORα gene expression in human keratinocytes (HKCs), we have found that this transcription factor functions as a regulator of epidermal differentiation. Among the 4 RORα isoforms, RORα4 is prominently expressed by keratinocytes in a manner that increases with differentiation. In contrast, RORα levels are significantly lower in skin squamous cell carcinoma tumors (SCCs) and cell lines. Increasing the levels of RORα4 in HKCs enhanced the expression of structural proteins associated with early and late differentiation, as well as genes involved in lipid barrier formation. Gene silencing of RORα impaired the ability of keratinocytes to differentiate in an in vivo epidermal cyst model. The pro-differentiation function of RORα is mediated at least in part by FOXN1, a well-known pro-differentiation transcription factor that we establish as a novel direct target of RORα in keratinocytes. Our results point to RORα as a novel node in the keratinocyte differentiation network and further suggest that the identification of RORα ligands may prove useful for treating skin disorders that are associated with abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, including cancer.
Transformation of brookite-type TiO2 nanocrystals to rutile: correlation between microstructure and photoactivity (2006)

Nanometric particles of pure brookite TiO2 were synthesized by modified thermolysis of reactant solutions containing titania powder, HCl, urea and PEG 10000. Unique flower-like brookite agglomerates with an average diameter of ∼400–450 nm composed of single brookite nanocrystals of ∼4–5 nm were obtained at 105 °C. The brookite → rutile transformation has been studied and TiO2 mixtures with variable amount of anatase, brookite and rutile polymorphs at different temperatures (from 200 to 800 °C) were obtained. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction pattern and BET/BJH analyses were used to characterize the phase assemblages, crystallite size and pore volume of the pure-phase brookite and TiO2 mixtures. In order to understand the metastable–stable TiO2 phase transformation X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was performed. The photoactivity of pure brookite and TiO2 powders with different compositions of the brookite–anatase–rutile and anatase–rutile polymorphs obtained during the transitions was examined by photocatalyzed degradation of 4-chlorophenols in aqueous solution. The titania sample having the highest catalytic activity was obtained at 500 °C, contained 3.2% brookite, 42.9% anatase and 53.9% rutile and is referred to as TiO[B])/500 .
High power very low frequency/low frequency transmitting antennas (2002)

Very-low-frequency (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) transmitting antennas are small with respect to the wavelength and are required to radiate substantial power levels. Design parameters for these antennas are discussed, including the impact of technical advances in high-voltage design and bandwidth enhancement. Most of these antennas are various realizations of electrically small monopoles that can be modeled by a simple series tuned circuit with one resonance. From this circuit, simple formulas are derived for the maximum radiated power (P/sub max/), and intrinsic bandwidth (100% efficiency bandwidth) B/sub wo/. It is shown that P/sub max/ is proportional to the square of the effective topload area, B/sub wo/ is proportional to the volume under the topload, and both are proportional to frequency to the fourth power. A normalized area and volume are defined and used as a figure of merit for comparing antenna designs. These factors are calculated for several existing antennas and for a generalized umbrella toploaded monopole (UTLM). The use of multiple elements in VLF antennas is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The metabolic demands of driving for drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2002)

Driving is a task with a significant metabolic demand, which may lower BG, and also that driving stress may be associated with symptoms similar to those of hypoglycemia. Physicians should discuss with their T1DM patients hypoglycemia and driving, and encourage measuring blood glucose before driving and during long drives.
Multimetallic Zirconocene-Based Catalysis: Alkyne Dimerization and Cyclotrimerization Reactions (2008)

Systematic exploration of zirconocene (Cp2ZrII) chemistry since the 1980s has offered a wide range of useful methods for organic synthesis. Many of these reactions are stoichiometric in zirconium, and even if several catalytic reactions are known, the development of catalytic zirconocene chemistry is of continuing interest. In this paper, the study of reactions catalytic in zirconium, i.e. alkyne dimerization and cyclotrimerization, is presented. These reactions are carried out by employing the recently introduced lanthanide-originated zirconocene equivalent. The use of 10 mol % of Cp2ZrCl2, together with La metal or mischmetall as reductant and AlCl3 as transmetalating agent, leads to an efficient formation of dienes from disubstituted alkynes. Under the same conditions, monosubstituted alkynes underwent cyclotrimerization reactions to afford benzene derivatives. This reaction also occurs efficiently in the absence of AlCl3. It was postulated that the catalytic cyclotrimerization did not proceed through a typical insertion of the alkyne into the zirconacyclopentadiene intermediate. This unprecedented reaction takes place in the presence of zirconocene and lanthanide species, possibly involving a bimetallic polarization process.
Interfacial adsorption of pH-responsive polymers and nanoparticles (2017)

Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), we model the interfacial adsorption of pH-responsive polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte-grafted nanoparticles (PNPs) at a planar water-oil interface. The electrostatic interactions in the presence of the dielectric discontinuity across the interface are modeled by exploiting the Groot method, which uses an iterative method to solve the Poisson equation on a uniform grid with distributed charge. We reveal the effects of the pH and salinity of the aqueous solution and the length of the polyelectrolyte on the adsorption behavior of weak polyelectrolytes. The adsorption kinetics is monitored via the trajectory of the center of mass of the polyelectrolyte in the direction normal to the interface. The residence time at the interface and the pair correlation function between the polyelectrolyte and the oil are measured to quantitatively characterize the adsorption. Similar to the weak polyelectrolytes, the influences of pH, salinity and grafted chain length on the adsorption of an individual PNP are explored. Our results show that by grafting polyelectrolytes, the interfacial behavior of the nanoparticles can be tuned by changing the pH and salinity of the solution, which is dictated by the contact angle, the pair correlation function between the particles and the oil, the desorption energy, and the particle morphology at the interface. We also observe that the electrostatic-driven variations in the interfacial activity and morphology of the PNPs are not sensitive to the length of the grafted polyelectrolytes.
A Graph‐based Approach to Continuous Line Illustrations with Variable Levels of Detail (2011)

Abstract This paper introduces a method for automatically generating continuous line illustrations, drawings consisting of a single line, from a given input image. Our approach begins by inferring a graph from a set of edges extracted from the image in question and obtaining a path that traverses through all edges of the said graph. The resulting path is then subjected to a series of post‐processing operations to transform it into a continuous line drawing. Moreover, our approach allows us to manipulate the amount of detail portrayed in our line illustrations, which is particularly useful for simplifying the overall illustration while still retaining its most significant features. We also present several experimental results to demonstrate that our approach can automatically synthesize continuous line illustrations comparable to those of some contemporary artists.
Rapid Method to Determine Labeling Specificity of Radioactive Enteroviruses (1973)

The specificity of labeling enteroviruses with (32)P-labeled NaH(2)PO(4) or (14)C-leucine can be determined by comparing the percent adsorption of infective particles and radioactivity to membrane (Millipore) filters.
Tensile Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube and Silicon Carbide Nanoparticle‐Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Composites (2012)

AZ91 magnesium alloy hybrid composites reinforced with different hybrid ratios of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticulates were fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic cavitation. The results showed that grains of the matrix in the AZ91/(CNT + SiC) composites were obviously refined after adding hybrid CNTs and SiC nanoparticles to the AZ91 alloy, and the room‐temperature mechanical properties of AZ91/(CNT + SiC) hybrid composites were improved comparing with the unreinforced AZ91 matrix. In addition, the tensile mechanical properties of the AZ91 alloy‐based hybrid composites were considerably improved at the mass hybrid ratio of 7 : 3 for CNTs and SiC nanoparticles; in particular, the tensile and yield strength were increased, respectively, by about 45 and 55% after gravity permanent mould casting. The reason for an increase in the room‐temperature strength of the hybrid composites should be mainly attributable to the larger hybrid ratio of CNTs and SiC nanoparticles, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between matrix and hybrid reinforcements, the dispersive strengthening effects (Orowan strengthening), and the grain refining (Hall‐Petch effect).
Engineering the Respiratory Complex I to Energy-converting NADPH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (2011)

The respiratory complex I couples the electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone with a translocation of protons across the membrane. Its nucleotide-binding site is made up of a unique Rossmann fold to accommodate the binding of the substrate NADH and of the primary electron acceptor flavin mononucleotide. Binding of NADH includes interactions of the hydroxyl groups of the adenosine ribose with a conserved glutamic acid residue. Structural analysis revealed that due to steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion, this residue most likely prevents the binding of NADPH, which is a poor substrate of the complex. We produced several variants with mutations at this position exhibiting up to 200-fold enhanced catalytic efficiency with NADPH. The reaction of the variants with NAD(P)H is coupled with proton translocation in an inhibitor-sensitive manner. Thus, we have created an energy-converting NADPH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, an activity so far not found in nature. Remarkably, the oxidation of NAD(P)H by the variants leads to an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species.