gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative lipid composition of heterotrophically and autotrophically grown Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1977)

Complex lipids from the thermoacidophilic facultative autotroph Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, as well as a strictly autotrophic isolate, were compared between cells grown on yeast extract and elemental sulfur. Lipids from both organisms grown autotrophically were nearly identical. Each contained about 15% neutral lipids, 35% glycolipids, and 50% acidic lipids. Glycolipids and acidic lipids contained C40H82-76-derived glycerol ether residues. Major glycolipids included the glycerol ether analogues of glucosyl galactosyl diglyceride (5%) and glucosyl polyol diglyceride (75%). Acidic lipids were comprised mainly of the glycerol ether analogues of phosphatidyl inositol (7%), inositolphosphoryl glucosyl polyol diglyceride (72%), and a partially characterized sulfate- and phosphate-containing derivative of glucosyl polyol diglyceride (13%). The lipids from cells grown heterotrophically were similar to those from autotrophically grown cells, except that the partially characterized acidic lipid was absent. In addition, the two glycolipids as well as the respective inositolphosphoryl derivatives were each present in nearly equal proportions.
Evolution of central pattern generators for bipedal walking in a real-time physics environment (2002)

We describe an evolutionary approach to the control problem of bipedal walking. Using a full rigid-body simulation of a biped, it was possible to evolve recurrent neural networks that controlled stable straight-line walking on a planar surface. No proprioceptive information was necessary in order to achieve this task. Furthermore, simple sensory input to locate a sound source was integrated to achieve directional walking. To our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates the application of evolutionary optimization to 3D physically simulated biped locomotion.
Multi-path routing protocol with load balancing policy in mobile ad hoc network (2003)

Research on multi-path routing to provide improved throughput and route resilience as compared with single-path routing has been explored in detail in the context of wired networks. However, multi-path routing has not been explored thoroughly in the domain of ad hoc networks. We propose a multi-path routing protocol with a load balancing policy to improve the network throughput, decrease average end-to-end delay and reduce congestion in ad hoc networks. We apply our scheme as an extension on top of existing dynamic source routing (DSR) and study the performance of our scheme using simulations. The simulations show a 15-20% improvement in packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay.
Rescue of Cone ERG Function by Treatment with AAV-hCNGB3 Vectors in CNGB3 Knockout Mice (2015)

PR1.7 is a shorter version of the 2.1 kb human red cone opsin promoter (PR2.1). IRBP/GNAT2 is a hybrid promoter consisting of a 277‐bp human GNAT2 promoter and a 214‐bp IRBP enhancer. In dogs, PR2.1 directs specific expression of GFP in red/green (L/M) cones but not blue (S) cones (Komaromy et al., 2008), and IRBP/GNAT2 directs specific expression of GFP in both L/M cones and S cones (Yeh et al., 2013). In nonhuman primates (NHP) PR1.7 is more efficient than PR2.1 in directing specific expression of GFP in L, M and S cones, while IRBP/GNAT2 is unable to support expression of GFP in cones (Ye et al., 2014).
An Alkaline Al–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Semi‐Fuel Cell Based on a Nickel Foam Supported Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanowire Arrays Cathode (2011)

Abstract The electrode of Co 3 O 4 nanowire arrays directly grown on nickel foam is prepared via a facile one‐step method. The electrode is characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and tested as the cathode of an Al–H 2 O 2 semi‐fuel cell. We found that Co 3 O 4 forms clusters of nanowires with length up to around 15 μm and diameter around 250 nm. The nanowire is composed of interconnected nanoparticles. Effects of H 2 O 2 concentrations, catholyte KOH concentration, catholyte flow rate and operation temperature on the cell performance are investigated. The cell exhibited an open circuit voltage of 1.4 V, and peak power densities of 85 and 137 mW cm –2 at 25 and 65 °C, respectively, while running on 0.4 mol L –1 H 2 O 2 at a flow rate of 80 mL min –1 .
British and European community regulations and registration requirements for non‐pesticidal co‐formulants in pesticides and for adjuvants (1993)

Abstract Pesticides in Great Britain are subject to legislation that requires them to be approved by Ministers. Specific data for non‐pesticidal co‐formulants are not generally required but are encompassed within the requirements for the formulated pesticide in which they are present. Adjuvants, substances without significant pesticidal properties which enhance the effectiveness of a pesticide when added to that pesticide, can be used with pesticides only in accordance with the approval of that pesticide or as varied by lists of authorised adjuvants published by Ministers. Data must be supplied for adjuvants to appear on this list. National legislation on pesticides is soon to be amended to take account of a European Community Directive which seeks to harmonise registration requirements throughout the Community. It is as yet unclear how this will affect registration of co‐formulants and adjuvants.
Everyday conversation as a context for professional learning and development (2005)

Because conversation is a constant in our personal and professional lives, we are not inclined to stop and think about it as a phenomenon. However, that is what I have found myself doing. In particular, I have become much more self‐conscious, and hopefully more thoughtful, about the conversations that constitute an inevitable aspect of my day to day work in an academic staff development role. Drawing on my own reflections and a body of related literature, I have thought about the features of conversation that may make it conducive for professional learning; how “valued” conversation is as a context for professional learning; the possible ingredients of a conversation and the extent to which they can be controlled or influenced without disturbing, or even destroying, the defining essence of conversation; and the competencies and sensitivities that may be required if conversation is to become an occasion for learning. In this article, I present the outcomes of my reflections and inquiry with the hope that they will prompt conversation about conversation as a context for professional learning and development. Puisque la conversation est une constante dans nos vies personnelle et professionnelle, nous sommes peu enclins à nous arrêter et à y réfléchir en tant que phénomène. Cependant, c’est ce à quoi je me suis affairé. Plus particulièrement, je suis devenu davantage conscient et, je l’espère, davantage réfléchi, en ce qui a trait aux conversations qui constituent un aspect inévitable de mon travail quotidien en tant que conseiller pédagogique. Puisant dans mes réflexions et dans un ensemble de connaissances connexes, j’ai réfléchi aux aspects de la conversation qui la rendent propice à un apprentissage professionnel; dans quelle mesure la conversation constitue‐t‐elle un contexte valorisé d’apprentissage professionnel; les ingrédients possibles d’une conversation, ainsi que la mesure dans laquelle ceux‐ci peuvent être contrôlés ou influencés sans déranger, ou même détruire, l’essence même de la conversation; de même que les compétences et les habiletés pouvant être requises pour que la conversation constitue une occasion d’apprendre. Dans cet article, je présente le résultat de mes réflexions et interrogations dans l’espoir de susciter une conversation au sujet de la conversation en tant que contexte d’apprentissage et de développement professionnel.
Parameterizing subdivision surfaces (2010)

We present a method for parameterizing subdivision surfaces in an as-rigid-as-possible fashion. While much work has concentrated on parameterizing polygon meshes, little if any work has focused on subdivision surfaces despite their popularity. We show that polygon parameterization methods produce suboptimal results when applied to subdivision surfaces and describe how these methods may be modified to operate on subdivision surfaces. We also describe a method for creating extended charts to further reduce the distortion of the parameterization. Finally we demonstrate how to take advantage of the multi-resolution structure of subdivision surfaces to accelerate convergence of our optimization.
Behaviors of Si, B, Al, and Na during electrochemical reduction of borosilicate glass in molten CaCl₂ (2017)

The electrochemical reduction of borosilicate glass in molten CaCl₂ at 1123 K was investigated. The behaviors of the constituent elements, i.e., Si, B, Al, Na, and K, were estimated using potential-pO²⁻ diagrams constructed from the thermodynamic data for the species. The diagrams suggested that the first cathodic wave in the cyclic voltammogram results from the reduction of the B₂O₃ component. The dissolution of the Na₂O and K₂O components, which was predicted from the diagrams, was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis of a borosilicate glass plate after immersion into molten CaCl₂ without electrolysis. The scanning electron microscopy/wavelength dispersive X-ray mappings and Raman spectrum for borosilicate glass reduced at 0.9 V vs. Ca²⁺/Ca indicated that SiO₂ and B₂O₃ are reduced to Si and B-Si compound. The formation of Ca-Al-O compounds owing to the increase of O²⁻ ions is suggested. The pO²⁻ range during electrolysis at 0.9 V was indicated to be 2.95-3.46.
Effect of Gamma Rays on Starch Extracted from Irradiated Wheat Flour (1974)

Abstract Irradiated starch was more retrograded than the unirradiated samples. The amylose fractions were increased on the expence of the amylopectin fractions of starch under the influence of gamma rays. Oxidation of starch with periodate ions was enhanced by gamma irradiation as indicated by the formation of greater amounts of formic acid in the irradiated samples. This result indicated that destruction in amylopectin had occured and formed small branched fragments. The decrease in intrinsic viscosity due to radiation, showed a straight line relation, when plotted versus irradiation doses, with a slope of 5.2 × 10 −7 . This indicates that a specific slope could be obtained which characterized gamma ray doses on wheat flour.
Automated De Novo Identification of Repeat Sequence Families in Sequenced Genomes (2002)

Repetitive sequences make up a major part of eukaryotic genomes. We have developed an approach for the de novo identification and classification of repeat sequence families that is based on extensions to the usual approach of single linkage clustering of local pairwise alignments between genomic sequences. Our extensions use multiple alignment information to define the boundaries of individual copies of the repeats and to distinguish homologous but distinct repeat element families. When tested on the human genome, our approach was able to properly identify and group known transposable elements. The program, should be useful for first-pass automatic classification of repeats in newly sequenced genomes.
Model-free predictive control (2003)

Model predictive control, MPC, is a model-based control philosophy that select control actions by online optimization of objective functions. Design methods based on MPC have found wide acceptance in industrial process control applications, and have been thoroughly studied by the academia. Most of the work so far have relied on linear models of different sophistication because of their advantage of providing simple and straightforward implementations. However, when turning to the nonlinear domain, problems often arise as a consequence of the difficulties in obtaining good nonlinear models, and the computational burden associated with the control optimization. In this paper we present a new approach to the nonlinear MPC problem using the recently proposed concept of model-on-demand. The idea is to estimate the process dynamics locally and online using process data stored in a database. By treating the local model obtained at each sample time as a local linearization, it is thus possible to reuse tools and concepts from the linear MPC framework. Three different variants of the idea, based on local linearization, linearization along a trajectory and nonlinear optimization respectively, are studied. They are all illustrated in numerical simulations.
Optimum design for a thermally stable multifinger power transistor (2002)

The thermal stability of multifinger bipolar transistors has been analyzed theoretically. Coupled equations are solved to study the onset of instability and its dependence on the distributions of ballasting resistors. Analytical expressions were derived for the emitter ballasting distribution for optimum stable operation. Compared to conventional methods with uniform ballasting, the optimized design can significantly increase the stable operating current of the transistor. An absolutely stable operating condition is also derived. At this condition, the device never becomes unstable.
Synchronization Among Speakers Reduces Macroscopic Temporal Variability (2004)

A recent method for restricting inessential variation in speech is presented.Synchronous Speech is obtained by having two subjects read a prepared text in synchrony.Past results demonstrate that this is easy for subjects to do, and that some prosodic variability is greatly reduced when reading synchronously.Particular advantage has been found in the analysis of pauses and fundamental frequency variation, where synchronous speech has been demonstrated to exhibit markedly less inessential variability, thus furthering analysis and modeling.Here, duration ratios within a phrase are compared across synchronous and solo conditions.Variables associated with global timing and with the relationships between phrases are shown to be more consistent in the synchronous condition, while smaller units are not noticeably affected by the speaking condition.No systematic artifacts are found to be introduced by asking subjects to read in synchrony.
The influence of deep body and skin temperatures on thermoregulatory responses to heating of the scrotum in pigs (1972)

1. The temperature on the surface of the pig's scrotum was increased by circulating water through a pad held over the scrotal surface while the animal was lightly restrained.2. At an ambient temperature of 25 degrees C there was no change in respiratory frequency even when the scrotum was heated to 42 degrees C, but peripheral blood flow did increase and body temperature fell. At 30 degrees C ambient temperature, respiratory frequency increased when the scrotum was warmed to 42 degrees C. At an ambient temperature of 32 degrees C, the frequency increased at a scrotal temperature of 40 degrees C and was even higher when the scrotum was 42 degrees C, but body temperature did not fall.3. At a constant ambient temperature the effect on respiratory frequency of heating the scrotum to a given temperature depended on the skin temperature of the trunk which was modified by means of a coat through which water was circulated.4. In a cold environment, heating the scrotum was accompanied by a fall in body temperature, the arrest of shivering and a decline in oxygen consumption.5. Cooling a thermode in the hypothalamus or over the spinal cord inhibited the increase in respiratory frequency and peripheral blood flow caused by heating the scrotum. Warming either thermode potentiates the effect of heating the scrotum.
Robust Orientation Field Estimation and Extrapolation Using Semilocal Line Sensors (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Orientation field (OF) estimation is a crucial preprocessing step in fingerprint image processing. In this paper, we present a novel method for OF estimation that uses traced ridge and valley lines. This approach provides robustness against disturbances caused, e.g., by scars, contamination, moisture, or dryness of the finger. It considers pieces of flow information from a larger region and makes good use of fingerprint inherent properties like continuity of ridge flow perpendicular to the flow. The performance of the line-sensor method is compared with the gradients-based method and a multiscale directional operator. Its robustness is tested in experiments with simulated scar noise which is drawn on top of good quality fingerprint images from the FVC2000 and FVC2002 databases. Finally, the effectiveness of the line-sensor-based approach is demonstrated on 60 naturally poor quality fingerprint images from the FVC2004 database. All orientations marked by a human expert are made available at the journal's and the authors' website for comparative tests. </para>
Study of hair shine and hair surface smoothness (2010)

A new hair visual appearance measurement system called SAMBA from Bossa Nova Technologies (Venice, CA) has been employed to measure effects of cosmetic treatments on hair shine and surface smoothness of different types of hair samples. Experimental procedures for evaluations of shine value and surface cuticle angle of hair samples treated with rinse-off products (shampoo or/and conditioner) have been successfully established and applied. We demonstrated that hair spray and conditioner formulas containing PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate (PBEM) (1) showed great performance on shine enhancement for hairs with light and medium colors. Instrumental measurement of shine values was also conducted to compare different commercial shampoo and conditioner products. This study showed reliable utility of SAMBA system and demonstrated the shine enhancement of PBEM in hair care.
mPlum-IFP 1.4 fluorescent fusion protein may display Förster resonance energy transfer associated properties that can be used for near-infrared based reporter gene imaging (2013)

Bacteriophytochrome infrared fluorescent protein (IFP) has a long emission wavelength that is appropriate for detecting pathophysiological effects via near-infrared (NIR) based imaging. However, the brightness and photostability of IFP are suboptimal, although an exogenous supply of biliverdin (BV) IXα is able to enhance these properties. In this study, we fused a far red mPlum fluorescent protein to IFP 1.4 via a linker deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence encoding eight amino acids. The brightness of mPlum-IFP 1.4 fusion protein at the IFP emission channel was comparable to that of native IFP 1.4 protein when fusion protein and IFP 1.4 were excited by 543 and 633 nm using confocal microscopy, respectively. Visualization of IFP 1.4 fluorescence by excitation of mPlum in mPlum-IFP 1.4 fusion protein is likely to be associated with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET phenomenon was also predicted by acceptor photobleaching using confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the expression of mPlum-IFP 1.4 fusion protein could be detected in cell culture and in xenograft tumors in the absence of BV using in vivo imaging system, although the BV was still essential for detecting native IFP 1.4. Therefore, this innovative-fluorescent fusion protein would be useful for NIR-based imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Security Assessment of Code Obfuscation Based on Dynamic Monitoring in Android Things (2017)

Android-based Internet-of-Things devices with excellent compatibility and openness are constantly emerging. A typical example is Android Things that Google supports. Compatibility based on the same platform can provide more convenient personalization services centering on mobile devices, while this uniformity-based computing environment can expose many security vulnerabilities. For example, new mobile malware running on Android can instantly transition to all connected devices. In particular, the Android platform has a structural weakness that makes it easy to repackage applications. This can lead to malicious behavior. To protect mobile apps that are vulnerable to malicious activity, various code obfuscation techniques are applied to key logic. The most effective one of this kind involves safely concealing application programming interfaces (API). It is very important to ensure that obfuscation is applied to the appropriate API with an adequate degree of resistance to reverse engineering. Because there is no objective evaluation method, it depends on the developer judgment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a scheme that can quantitatively evaluate the level of hiding of APIs, which represent the function of the Android application based on machine learning theory. To perform the quantitative evaluation, the API information is obtained by static analysis of a DEX file, and the API-called code executed in Dalvik in the Android platform is dynamically extracted. Moreover, the sensitive APIs are classified using the extracted API and Naive Bayes classification. The proposed scheme yields a high score according to the level of hiding of the classified API. We tested the proposed scheme on representative applications of the Google Play Store. We believe it can be used as a model for obfuscation assessment schemes, because it can evaluate the level of obfuscation in general without relying on specific obfuscation tools.
High Efficiency, Inductorless Step-Down DC/DC Converter (2006)

A high efficiency, inductorless step-down DC/DC converter is proposed. High efficiency is achieved through the combination of the fractional conversion ratio charge pump and load current sensing circuit. The circuits have been designed in the TSMC 0.25mum 2.5V/5V mixed signal CMOS process. The DC/DC converter has an output voltage of 1.8V (load current les 200mA) with the accuracy of plusmn 1% and the ripple voltage less than plusmn10mV for the input battery voltage from 2.8V to 5V. The peak and average efficiency is over 85% and 65%, respectively
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Serum Lipid Levels in Twins (1993)

The effect of genetic factors on the serum levels of some but not all lipids appears to decrease with age. Early rearing environment appears to remain an important factor in relation to levels of total cholesterol later in life, but it has less effect on other serum lipids and apolipoproteins in the elderly.
OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOPERATIONS RESEARCH IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYDésiré L. Massart and Leonard KaufmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 14, 1244A–1257APublication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online24 May 2012Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60364a719https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60364a719research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts