gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different psychological status in the two hemispheres of two split-brain patients. (1998)

Questions of a psychological nature were presented to two split-brain patients from the California series encouraging each hemisphere to respond simultaneously and independently. The responses of both patients indicated that their hemispheres were responding independently. For the first patient, his right hemisphere appeared to be more disturbed than his left by childhood memories of being bullied. The right hemisphere of the second patient seemed to regard himself more positively, but it also seemed to feel more negative emotions such as loneliness and sadness. We discuss the possible significance of the findings.
A new compact electron spin polarimeter with a high efficiency (1997)

We have developed a new compact retarding-potential Mott spin polarimeter and achieved an efficiency of 1.9×10−4 for gold target operating in 25 keV. A novel design of the retarding field electron optics with 0.59 sr collection solid angle for scattered electrons was adopted based on Monte Carlo calculations for the spin-dependent electron scattering process and electron beam ray-tracing calculations. We have combined the new spin polarimeter with an angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer and measured the spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectra and studied the spin-dependent electronic structure of Ni(110) along the Γ̄S̄ line of its surface Brilluoin zone.
AUFLADUNG VON FAHRZEUGDIESELMOTOREN MIT COMPREX (1977)

BEI DEM VON BROWN, BOVERI FUER FAHRZEUGDIESELMOTOREN ENTWICKELTEN AUFLADEGERAET COMPREX WAREN BESONDERS AKTUELLE AUFLADE-KRITERIEN WEGLEITEND. BESSERES BESCHLEUNIGUNGSVERHALTEN UND GENUEGEND HOHES DREHMOMENT IM GESAMTEN NUTZBAREN DREHZAHLBEREICH, SCHNELLES ANSPRECHEN DES MOTORS BEI LASTAENDERUNGEN, ZUEGIGES UND ELASTISCHES FAHREN AUCH AM BERG SOWIE NIEDRIGER SPEZIFISCHER KRAFTSTOFFVERBRAUCH SIND DIE AKTUELLEN FORDERUNGEN AN DAS NUTZFAHRZEUG AUS DER SICHT VON TRANSPORTUNTERNEHMER, FAHRER UND VERKEHRSTEILNEHMER. VERMINDERUNG DES RAUCHSTOSSES UND DER ABGASTRUEBUNG SOWIE VERRINGERUNG DER GIFTIGEN BESTANDTEILE DES AUSPUFFGASES SIND INSBESONDERE DIE BERECHTIGTEN FORDERUNGEN DER OEFFENTLICHKEIT. (A).
Structure and electrochemical properties of multiple metal oxide nanoparticles as cathodes of lithium batteries (2013)

Multiple metal oxide nanoparticles, which are the solid solutions of various kinds of divalent and trivalent metal ion oxides containing a certain amount of cation vacancy, with a uniform particle size less than 20 nm and huge surface area were synthesized by the calcination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors, and their structures were analyzed using XRD and EXAFS. The electrochemical properties of these metal oxide nanoparticles as the cathode electrodes of Li batteries were also investigated by charge–discharge tests and AC-impedance measurements. Among the three kinds of multiple metal oxide nanoparticles prepared in this paper, Ni–V oxide showed the highest charge–discharge capacity of 327 mA h g−1 in the voltage range 4.2–1.0 V. According to the results of ex situ XRD, ex situ EXAFS and AC-impedance measurements, we have concluded that the discharge–charge process proceeds in the two stage reactions of (i) Li+ intercalation–deintercalation to the cation vacancy and (ii) formation and decomposition of new surface phase reversibility without significant structural change.
Iron Polymers Impair the Function and Maturation of Macrophages (1993)

An inhibitory effect of iron salts on various immune functions in vitro has been reported in several laboratories during the last years. This work extends such observations by showing that iron citrate, but not sodium citrate, inhibits the function and maturation of murine macrophages (MOs). However, such inhibition is only observed in the presence of ferric citrate with a metal-to-ligand molar ratio of 1:1, but not with ferric citrate with a metal-to-ligand molar ratio of 1:10 in which the hydrolyzation and polymerization of iron in physiological solutions is prevented. Accumulation of ferric iron on the cytoplasm of MOs was observed, but only in the group of MOs treated with ferric citrate 1:1. Increasing the concentration of serum in the culture medium diminished the inhibitory effect of ferric citrate 1:1. The inhibitory capacity of iron polymer was probably associated to its ability to both interact with the cell constituents of the cytoplasm and stimulate lipid peroxidation.
The Performance Comparison of the Unicast Routing Protocol and the Broadcast Routing Protocol in the Small-sized Ad hoc Network (2006)

본 논문은 소규모 애드혹 네트워크에서 데이터를 전달함에 있어 유니캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜과 브로드캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜의 성능을 비교 분석한다. 기존의 애드혹 네트워크를 위한 라우팅 프로토콜은 범용의 대규모 네트워크를 위한 프로토콜이며, 홈네트워크와 같은 소규모 네트워크를 위하여 최적화되어 설계되지 않았다. 본 논문은 소규모 애드혹 네트워크 환경에서 기존의 유니캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜과 브로드캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜의 성능을 비교 분석하여 그 결과를 기술한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면 소규모의 애드혹 네트워크에는 기존의 애드혹 네트워크를 위한 유니캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜보다 브로드캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜이 더 좋은 성능을 보인다. 특히 브로드캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜은 기존의 유니캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜보다 높은 전송률과 낮은 패킷 전송을 위한 지연시간을 보여준다. This paper compares the performance of the unicast routing protocol and the broadcast routing protocol in a small-sized wireless multi-hop network, such as home network. Normally, ad-hoc routing protocols are designed for general wireless multi-hop networks, not being said to be optimized for the small-sized ad hoc network. This paper compares some unicast routing protocols and optimal broadcast routing protocol, and shows the result. The result of the simulation says the broadcast routing protocol shows better performance than the ad-hoc routing protocols in the small-sired wireless multi-hop network. Especially, the result shows that the broadcast protocol has higher packet delivery ratio and lower packet latency than unicast routing protocols
In vitro antioxidant potential study of triazole and thiadiazole analogues. (2013)

The synthesis of 3-(2-aroylaryloxy)methyl-5-mercapto-4-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazole analogues (6a-e) and 2-(2-aroylaryloxy)methyl-5-N-phenylamino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (7a-e) were reported earlier. The antioxidant properties of these compounds 6a-e and 7a-e were evaluated by DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging methods. The investigation of antioxidant screening revealed that some of the tested compounds showed good to moderate antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the results show that the compounds containing electron releasing groups like methyl and methoxy exhibit good activities. In the above set of compounds 7e, 6e and 6d have shown very good antioxidant activity.
Functional Correlation of GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor α Subunits Expression with the Properties of IPSCs in the Developing Thalamus (2000)

GABA(A) receptor alpha1 and alpha2 subunits are expressed differentially with ontogenic period in the brain, but their functional roles are not known. We have recorded GABA(A) receptor-mediated IPSCs from laterodorsal (LD) thalamic relay neurons in slices of rat brain at various postnatal ages and found that decay times of evoked IPSCs and spontaneous miniature IPSCs undergo progressive shortening during the first postnatal month. With a similar time course, expression of transcripts and proteins of GABA(A) receptor alpha2 subunit in LD thalamic region declined, being replaced by those of alpha1 subunit. To further address the causal relationship between alpha subunits and IPSC decay time kinetics, we have overexpressed GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit together with green fluorescent protein in LD thalamic neurons in organotypic culture using recombinant Sindbis virus vectors. Miniature IPSCs recorded from the LD thalamic neurons overexpressed with alpha1 subunit had significantly faster decay time compared with control expressed with beta-galactosidase. We conclude that the alpha2-to-alpha1 subunit switch underlies the developmental speeding in the decay time of GABAergic IPSCs.
Activity of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine compared with that of acyclovir against human, monkey, and rodent cytomegaloviruses (1985)

The activities of the purine acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) against two human and five animal strains of cytomegalovirus were compared with those of acyclovir. DHPG was significantly more active than acyclovir against all but one (mouse cytomegalovirus) of the strains tested, with 50% effective doses ranging from 5 to 13 microM, as determined by plaque reduction assays in human embryonic lung (MRC-5) and human embryonic tonsil cells. Both DHPG and acyclovir inhibited virus replication at concentrations considerably lower than those necessary to inhibit cell proliferation. In mode-of-action studies, the triphosphates of DHPG and acyclovir inhibited human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase. DHPG phosphorylation to the active triphosphate was enhanced in infected cells; however, this enzymatic activity was unrelated to thymidine kinase. In animal studies, DHPG was slightly more effective than acyclovir in reducing mouse cytomegalovirus-induced mortality.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of a Riverine Microbial Community to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination (1998)

The phenotypic and genotypic adaptation of a freshwater sedimentary microbial community to elevated (22 to 217 microgram [dry weight] of sediment-1) levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined by using an integrated biomolecular approach. Central to the approach was the use of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles to characterize the microbial community structure and nucleic acid analysis to quantify the frequency of degradative genes. The study site was the Little Scioto River, a highly impacted, channelized riverine system located in central Ohio. This study site is a unique lotic system, with all sampling stations having similar flow and sediment characteristics both upstream and downstream from the source of contamination. These characteristics allowed for the specific analysis of PAH impact on the microbial community. PAH concentrations in impacted sediments ranged from 22 to 217 microgram (dry weight) of sediment-1, while PAH concentrations in ambient sediments ranged from below detection levels to 1.5 microgram (dry weight) of sediment-1. Total microbial biomass measured by phospholipid phosphate (PLP) analysis ranged from 95 to 345 nmol of PLP g (dry weight) of sediment-1. Nucleic acid analysis showed the presence of PAH-degradative genes at all sites, although observed frequencies were typically higher at contaminated sites. Principal component analysis of PLFA profiles indicated that moderate to high PAH concentrations altered microbial community structure and that seasonal changes were comparable in magnitude to the effects of PAH pollution. These data indicate that this community responded to PAH contamination at both the phenotypic and the genotypic level.
Halogen bonding in biological context: a computational study of D2 dopamine receptor (2016)

In this work, Halogen Bond (X‐bond) interactions formed by halogenated ligands (LX) at the Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) binding pocket were studied by Molecular Dynamics (MD) and charge density analysis. The X‐bonds were contrasted with the Hydrogen Bond (H‐bond) interactions established by hydroxylated analogs (LOH, where X was replaced by OH). The ligands for this study were extracted from a dataset of compounds deposited in ZINC database that were active in binding assays to DRD2. This dataset was subjected to the filtering rules by employing cheminformatics tools to find the LX/LOH pairs that were then submitted to MD simulations. A homology model of DRD2 was employed for the simulations because no crystal structure is yet available for the receptor. To mimic the positive cap (σ‐hole) on the halogen atom, a massless, positive charged extra‐point was introduced in the force field. An analysis of the charge density (QTAIM) was performed on reduced models of simulated complexes to explain their binding differences. Results show that the halogen atom tends to form X‐bond with protein backbone oxygen atom. Two out of the four halogenated ligands studied form a specific X‐bond with the carbonyl oxygen of Ser193. This specific X‐bond decreases the inherent propensity of transmembrane 5 to unfolding. These results suggest a possible role of the X‐bond as a protein secondary structure modulator because of the ability of the halogen to interact with the protein backbone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A virtual machine for distributed agent-oriented programming (2008)

Abstract. Agent-orientation has been considered as a viable solution to the development of software systems in dynamic environments such as the Internet. This paper presents a high level language virtual machine CAVM designed for distributed agent-oriented programming in the Internet environment. The main features of the virtual machine (VM) are two-fold. First, the communication between agents is separated from computation so that communication is network transparent of agent location. Second, code deployment is separated from loading so that multiple agents of the same caste can be dynamically distributed to the network and dynamical integrated into the systems by adding new agents. The paper first reviews the key features of an agent-oriented programming language called CAOPLE. It then presents the design of the virtual machine to support the implementation of the language. Experiments with the performance of the system in a network environment are also reported. 1.
Biocompatible and biodegradable polymersomes for pH-triggered drug release (2011)

Nano-sized biocompatible and biodegradable polymersomes were prepared based on poly(D,L-lactide)-block-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PLA-b-PMPC) diblock copolymers and applied for the release anti-cancer drugs. Hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) and hydrophilic doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) were successfully loaded into the polymersome membrane and polymersome interior, respectively. The in vitro release studies demonstrated that the release of DOX and DOX·HCl from polymersomes was highly pH-dependent, i.e. significantly faster drug release at mildly acidic pH of 5.0 compared to physiological pH 7.4. Furthermore, DOX·HCl-loaded polymersomes exhibited faster drug release than DOX-loaded polymersomes under the same pH conditions. The highly pH-depended release behavior was attributed to the hydrolysis of PLA-b-PMPC, which would result in morphological transformation from polymersome to micelle with a triggered release of the encapsulated drugs. The drug-loaded polymersomes were shown to rapidly enter HepG2 cells, localize in their endosome/lysosomes with acidic pH environment and display enhanced intracellular release of the drugs into the cytosol. These biocompatible and acid pH-sensitive polymersomes might have great potential for cancer therapy.
Inhibitors of suppressive histone modification promote direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocyte-like cells (2014)

We recently reported that the combination of Gata4, Hand2, Tbx5, and the fusion gene MM3 between Mef2c and the transactivation domain of MyoD (MM3-GHT) produces 18 times as many clusters of beating cells (induced cardiomyocyte-like cells or iCMs) as the wild-type combination (M-GHT).1 In the current study, we added the chemicals GSK126 and UNC0638 to MM3-GHT to examine whether depletion of suppressive histone markers further increases the efficiency of making iCMs. GSK126 inhibits Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (Ezh2), which induces di- and trimethylation of Lys27 on histone H3 (H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively) as a catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2).2 UNC0638 inhibits two closely related enzymes, G9a and GLP, which form a heterodimer in vivo and mediate mono- and dimethylation of Lys9 on histone H3 (H3K9me and H3K9me2) and methylation of non-histone substrates such as p53.3 H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 are typically associated with suppressed genes although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully characterized.

We prepared fibroblasts from the heads of Day 13.5 mouse embryos and incubated them with 1 μM GSK126 for 2 days to verify a decrease of H3K27me3 (see Supplementary material online, Figure S1 A ). To test the effect of GSK126 on reprogramming, fibroblasts were transduced with MM3-GHT on Day −1 and 0, and GSK126 was added to the culture medium at different time points ( Figure 1 A ). The most effective schedule was to add GSK126 from Day 1 to 4, resulting in 2.1 times as many iCM clusters as negative control without GSK126 ( Figure 1A , encircled and Supplementary material online, Figure S1 B ). Ca2+ oscillations in the cells were monitored using a transgene encoding the Ca2+ indicator protein GCaMP5, which emits stronger green fluorescence in the presence of …
Performance improvement of dpll with adaptive binary quantized phase‐frequency comparator (1990)

Abstract PLL's (phase‐locked loops) are playing widely important roles in various fields of communication. In recent years, efforts have been shifted toward implementation of the PLL's by means of digital circuits. There arise various problems which are common to that approach, such as the contradictory relation between the phase‐locking range and the jitter suppression, as well as the steady‐state phase error due to the frequency offset. This paper attempts to cope with those problems by improving the conventional binary quantized phase comparator which produces only +1 and ‐1 outputs. A new phase‐frequency comparator is proposed which adaptively modifies the phase comparison characteristics according to the frequency error and the input phase jitter, aiming at an improvement of DPLL performance. The modified comparator improves performance of the loop by increasing its output gain in the pull‐in state, and decreasing the gain in the steady state. When there exists a frequency offset, the cycle slip and the steady‐state phase error are detected, and the output frequency is controlled by adding a constant quantity which reduces the frequency error to the comparator output in the steady state. By this scheme, the locking range is increased. Theoretical analyses are made for the frequency acquisition, phase acquisition and jitter suppression for the proposed loop. The result of the theoretical calculation is compared with the result of simulation, and it is verified that the proposed loop structure offers a wide locking range and a high jitter suppression, at the same time improving the steady‐state phase error.
Evaluating Caching Strategies for Cloud Data Access Using an Enterprise Service Bus (2014)

Nowadays different Cloud services enable enterprises to migrate applications to the Cloud. An application can be partially migrated by replacing some of its components with Cloud services, or by migrating one or multiple of its layers to the Cloud. As a result, accessing application data stored off-premise requires mechanisms to mitigate the negative impact on Quality of Service (QoS), e.g. due to network latency. In this work, we propose and realize an approach for transparently accessing data migrated to the Cloud using a multi-tenant open source Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) as the basis. Furthermore, we enhance the ESB with QoS awareness by integrating it with an open source caching solution. For evaluation purposes we generate a representative application workload using data from the TPC-H benchmark. Based on this workload, we then evaluate the optimal caching strategy among multiple eviction algorithms when accessing relational databases located at different Cloud providers.
Temperature‐Induced Hydrogels Through Self‐Assembly of Cholesterol‐Substituted Star PEG‐<i>b</i>‐PLLA Copolymers: An Injectable Scaffold for Tissue Engineering (2008)

Abstract Partially cholesterol‐substituted 8‐arm poly(ethylene glycol)‐ block ‐poly( L ‐lactide) (8‐arm PEG‐ b ‐PLLA‐cholesterol) has been prepared as a novel star‐shaped, biodegradable copolymer derivative. The amphiphilic 8‐arm PEG‐ b ‐PLLA‐cholesterol aqueous solution (polymer concentration, above 3 wt%) exhibits instantaneous temperature‐induced gelation at 34 °C, but the virgin 8‐arm PEG‐ b ‐PLLA does not, irrespective of concentration. Moreover, an extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like micrometer‐scale network structure has been created with favorable porosity for three‐dimensional proliferation of cells inside the hydrogel. This network structure is mainly attributed to specific self‐assembly between cholesterol groups. The 10 and 20 wt% hydrogels are eroded gradually in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C over the course of a month, and after that the gel becomes completely dissociated. Moreover, L929 cells encapsulated into the hydrogel are viable and proliferate three‐dimensionally inside the hydrogels. Thus, in‐vitro cell culture studies demonstrate that 8‐arm PEG‐ b ‐PLLA‐cholesterol is a promising candidate as a novel injectable cellular scaffold.
Wireless Coexistence between IEEE 802.11- and IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks: A Survey (2011)

As more and more wireless devices use the 2.4 GHz radio spectrum, the coexistence of 2.4 GHz wireless devices operating in one place has become a hot topic. With low transmit power, the widely deployed IEEE 802.15.4-based networks are easily interfered with by other 2.4 GHz wireless networks, such as IEEE 802.11. IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless networks have paid great attention to the coexistence between themselves and with other non-IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks. This problem has been further promoted by two new industry wireless standards, WirelessHART and ISA100, to meet special industry requirements. This paper surveys the studies on the coexistence between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4-based networks following the general analysis method of “question-analysis-solution.” Based on the survey study, we discuss about some open research issues and developments in this field.
Measuring the Stokes polarization parameters (2007)

The Stokes formulation for representing polarized light is discussed along with the classical measurement method for determining the Stokes polarization parameters. The limitations of this method are noted, and we consider the rotating quarter-waveplate method, which avoids the limitations of the classical method and allows a curve fitting algorithm to be used to determine the Stokes parameters. The quarter-waveplate method is attractive because of its accuracy and simplicity and can be implemented in an undergraduate or graduate optics course with a minimum amount of equipment.
Major Role of Cathepsin L for Producing the Peptide Hormones ACTH, β-Endorphin, and α-MSH, Illustrated by Protease Gene Knockout and Expression (2008)

The pituitary hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin, and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) are synthesized by proteolytic processing of their common proopiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor. Key findings from this study show that cathepsin L functions as a major proteolytic enzyme for the production of POMC-derived peptide hormones in secretory vesicles. Specifically, cathepsin L knock-out mice showed major decreases in ACTH, beta-endorphin, and alpha-MSH that were reduced to 23, 18, and 7% of wild-type controls (100%) in pituitary. These decreased peptide levels were accompanied by increased levels of POMC consistent with proteolysis of POMC by cathepsin L. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed colocalization of cathepsin L with beta-endorphin and alpha-MSH in the intermediate pituitary and with ACTH in the anterior pituitary. In contrast, cathepsin L was only partially colocalized with the lysosomal marker Lamp-1 in pituitary, consistent with its extralysosomal function in secretory vesicles. Expression of cathepsin L in pituitary AtT-20 cells resulted in increased ACTH and beta-endorphin in the regulated secretory pathway. Furthermore, treatment of AtT-20 cells with CLIK-148, a specific inhibitor of cathepsin L, resulted in reduced production of ACTH and accumulation of POMC. These findings demonstrate a prominent role for cathepsin L in the production of ACTH, beta-endorphin, and alpha-MSH peptide hormones in the regulated secretory pathway.