gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TOA/AOA/AOD-based 3-D mobile terminal tracking in NLOS multipath environments (2012)

Recently several authors have proposed different indoor positioning and tracking algorithms. Most of the proposed indoor positioning and tracking algorithms try to identify and mitigate the errors caused by the non-line-of-sight propagation paths. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional tracking technique to track a mobile terminal which moves in a non-line-of-sight multipath environment by applying the extended Kalman filter. The proposed tracking technique requires at least one base station and exploits the non-line-of-sight propagations to estimate the three-dimensional trajectory of a mobile terminal by considering the successive angle-of-departure, angle-of-arrival, and time-of-arrival measurements under the assumption of stationary scatterers. Additionally, the position of the scatterers is determined implicitly. It is shown, by simulations, that the proposed three-dimensional tracking technique can estimate the trajectory of a mobile terminal in non-line-of-sight multipath environments very well. In general, the proposed tracking technique improves the position estimates of the mobile terminal compared with tracking made by successive independent position estimates. The improvement in position estimates comes from the exploitation of the correlation between successive measurements which arise from the physical mobility constraints of the mobile terminal.
Experience at the Ion Beam Therapy Center (Hit) With 2 Years of Continuous Ecr Ion Source Operation (2008)

Radiotherapy with heavy ions is an upcoming cancer treatment method with to date unachieved precision. It associates higher control rates particularly for radiation resistant tumour species with reduced adverse effects compared to conventional photon therapy. This paper will provide an overview about the project, with special attention given to the two 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources. The HIT ECR ion sources are routinely used to produce a variety of ion beams from proton up to oxygen. The runtime of these two sources are 330 days per year, our experience with two years of continuous operation will be presented, with special emphasis on stability and breakdowns of components. In addition, an outlook of further planned developments at the HIT ECR ion sources will be given.
Molecular events in neutrophil transepithelial migration (1997)

Neutrophil transepithelial migration is a central component of many inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts, and correlates with disease symptoms. In vitro modeling with polarized intestinal epithelial monolayers has shown that neutrophil transepithelial migration can influence crucial epithelial functions, ranging from barrier maintenance to electrolyte secretion. Studies have also demonstrated a dynamic involvement of the epithelium in modulating neutrophil transepithelial migration. Characterization of the molecular interactions between neutrophils and epithelial cells has revealed that transepithelial migration is dependent on the neutrophil beta 2 integrin CD11b/CD18, and does not appear to involve adhesive interactions with the selectins or intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Recent studies have implicated another transmembrane glycoprotein, CD47, as a crucial component of the transepithelial migration response. While the precise function of CD47 is not known, current evidence suggests that CD47-dependent events occur after CD11b/CD18-mediated neutrophil adhesion to the epithelium. This review will highlight key features of the current understanding of the molecular events important in neutrophil migration across epithelial surfaces.
Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production. (2004)

Reduction of nitrogen loss in animal production requires whole-farm management. Reduced loss from one farm component is easily negated in another if all components are not equally well managed. Animal excretion of manure N can be decreased by improving the balance of protein or amino acids fed to that required by individual animals or animal groups or by improving production efficiency. Management to increase milk, meat, or egg production normally improves efficiency by reducing the maintenance protein required per unit of production. Large losses of manure nitrogen occur through the ammonia and nitrous oxide that are emitted into the atmosphere and the nitrate leached into groundwater. Up to half of the excreted nitrogen is lost from the housing facility, but this loss can be decreased through frequent manure removal and by avoiding deep litter systems and feedlots. Techniques such as acid treatment of manure, scrubbing of ventilation air, and floor designs for separating feces and urine substantially reduce ammonia emissions, but these practices are often impractical or uneconomical for general use. Manure storage units improve nutrient utilization by allowing better timing of nutrient application with crop needs. At least 70% of the nitrogen entering anaerobic lagoons is typically lost, but a less than 10% loss can be maintained using slurry storage with a natural crust or other cover, or by drying poultry manure to at least 50% dry matter. Irrigation and surface spreading of manure without soil incorporation often ensures the loss of all remaining nonorganic nitrogen (typically, 20 to 40% of remaining nitrogen). Rapid incorporation and shallow injection methods decrease this loss by at least 50%, and deep injection into the soil essentially eliminates this loss. For grazing animals, excessive loss can be avoided by not overstocking pastures and avoiding late fall and winter grazing. Reducing emissions between the animal and the soil can lead to greater leaching and denitrification losses from the soil if this additional nitrogen is not used properly. The use of a crop rotation that efficiently absorbs these nutrients and applying nitrogen near the time it is needed by crops reduce the potential for further loss. Maintaining the proper number of animals per unit of land available for manure application is always crucial for efficient recycling of nitrogen. Our understanding of nitrogen loss processes is improved through modeling, and computer models assist in the development of integrated systems for efficient and economical nitrogen use in animal production.
A Novel Authentication Scheme of the DRM System based on Multimodal Biometric Verification and Watermarking Technique (2008)

Digital Rights Management (DRM) system is the effective schemes for digital transactions. A novel authentication scheme of the DRM system based on multimodal biometric verification and watermarking technique is described in this paper, which is based on highly secure iris recognition and face recognition and their feature fusion recognition is described, which is can achieve the rights management of digital content exactly through the illegal user access control. In watermarking algorithm, face image is chosen to be the host image. Iris feature is selected to use as watermark hidden in the host image. Such that iris feature watermark not only protects face biometric data, but also can be used as a covert recognition. Meanwhile, the bimodal biometrics recognition provides the improvement in the accuracy performance of the system.
Zur Chemie der Phenylcyclobutendione (1972)

Abstract Phenylcyclobutendione zeichnen sich durch leichte Zugänglichkeit und hohe Stabilität aus. Je nach der Natur des in 3‐Stellung befindlichen Substituenten R können sie formal als vinyloge Carbonsäureabkömmlinge (R = Halogen, OCH 3 , OH, SH) oder als α,β‐ungesättigte Diketoverbindungen (RH, Alkyl, Aryl) angesehen werden. Ihr reaktives Verhalten rechtfertigt diese Betrachtungsweise. Ringverengungs‐, Ringerweiterungs‐ und Ringöffnungsreaktionen werden beschrieben.
DNA tri- and tetra-loops and RNA tetra-loops hairpins fold as elastic biopolymer chains in agreement with PDB coordinates (2003)

The biopolymer chain elasticity (BCE) approach and the new molecular modelling methodology presented previously are used to predict the tri- dimensional backbones of DNA and RNA hairpin loops. The structures of eight remarkably stable DNA or RNA hairpin molecules closed by a mispair, recently determined in solution by NMR and deposited in the PDB, are shown to verify the predicted trajectories by an analysis automated for large numbers of PDB conformations. They encompass: one DNA tetraloop, -GTTA-; three DNA triloops, -AAA- or -GCA-; and four RNA tetraloops, -UUCG-. Folding generates no distortions and bond lengths and bond angles of main atoms of the sugar-phosphate backbone are well restored upon energy refinement. Three different methods (superpositions, distance of main chain atoms to the elastic line and RMSd) are used to show a very good agreement between the trajectories of sugar-phosphate backbones and between entire molecules of theoretical models and of PDB conformations. The geometry of end conditions imposed by the stem is sufficient to dictate the different characteristic DNA or RNA folding shapes. The reduced angular space, consisting of the new parameter, angle Omega, together with the chi angle offers a simple, coherent and quantitative description of hairpin loops.
A Facile and High-Yield Synthesis of α-Benzylaminonitriles by A Modified Strecker Reaction (1989)

Several α-benzylaminonitriles have been synthesized in high yields by a one-pot reaction of carbonyl compounds with benzylamine, potassium cyanide, and acetic acid in methanol al 60°C for 20 hours
Fabrication of Polypyrrole Nanowire and Nanotube Arrays (2005)

Large area highly uniform and ordered polypyrrole nanowire and nanotubearrays were fabricated by chemical oxidation polymerization with the help of a porousanodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template. Under 0.2 moL/L pyrrole (H2O) and 0.2 moL/LFeCl3 (H2O) pattern, polypyrrole nanowire arrays were obtained after 2.0 hourspolymerization reaction in a two-compartment reaction cell. When the reaction wasstopped after 15 minutes, polypyrrole nanotube arrays have been formed. The diameter,length and density of compositive nanowires and nanotubes could be controlled byparameters of AAO template.
A pipelined FFT processor for word-sequential data (1989)

A modified fast Fourier transform algorithm is described together with a real-time pipelined implementation. The approach is particularly suited to sequentially presented input data. The method can be used for both mixed and uniform radix number implementations. For example, for the radix-4 implementation, the method requires less data memory and only 1/3 of the number of complex multipliers of a conventional design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reciprocal translocations and partial correlation of chromosomes in the stable fly (1981)

An initial investigation of the genetics of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), is described. Two recessive, autosomal mutants, carmine eye (ca) and rolled down wing (rd), were assigned to chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Sex is apparently determined by a locus on chromosome 1. Crossing over is restricted to females. Six reciprocal translocations were induced with gamma radiation and used to assign ca and rd to their respective chromosomes.
Design method of a modular electronic printed circuit board testing system (2013)

Thesis: M. Eng. in Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Visualization of interior structures with nanoscale resolution using ultrasonic-atomic force microscopy (2013)

Ultrasonic-Atomic Force Microscopy (U-AFM) was applied to determine the feasibility of visualizing interior features in an ultra-thin film system. As the amplitude and phase of the cantilever resonance frequency changes with local contact stiffness, U-AFM can obtain both surface and subsurface topographic and elastic images. Specimens with nanostructured silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) patterns deposited on silicon (111) surfaces were fabricated and covered with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films with thicknesses of 800 nm and 1400 nm, respectively. While subsurface features were barely distinguishable beneath the 1400 nm film, 100 nm SiO<sub>2</sub> features were clearly visualized for PMMA film thicknesses below and up to 800 nm. This research demonstrates the potential of U-AFM as a powerful technique for visualizing nanoscale subsurface features in microelectronic devices.
Ultrasonic Dispersion of Ceramic Powders (1990)

Ultrasonication is very effective in dispersing alumina and barium titanate slurries. When optimum conditions are used, very short durations (2 to 3 min) are enough to achieve well‐dispersed, stable suspensions.
BRD research needs in the next 10–20 years (2009)

Despite numerous advances in bovine infectious disease research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains a significant disease threat and a cause of tremendous loss. Renewed efforts and innovative strategies are required to build on the successes of the past to achieve the successes of tomorrow. Continued and improved support of BRD research will prove to be a worthwhile investment. To achieve better coordination and more efficient use of resources, the following supportive actions should be considered. There should be coordination of integrative teams through an over-arching agency (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)) to provide peer review and priority review for available public research funds. This would include use of development grants (as seed and matching funding) available to public/private partnerships. Testing and validation of new procedures in production settings (providing more than cost analyses) should be strengthened. Publication of studies should be promoted and old links between clinicians, diagnosticians and basic researchers should be re-established. Sets of 'best practices' should be published. Programs to support both basic and applied research through graduate fellowships, residencies, workshops and start-up funding for young research scientists should be strengthened. Sustained funding to train the next generation of research investigators should be addressed as a critical need.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Templates (2013)

We have investigated guided self-assembly of nanoparticles using a combination of templates and electric fields. Some 11.2 ± 0.5 nm iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and dispersed in toluene. Electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that most nanoparticles have a small excess charge. Using a parallel plate geometry, a voltage is applied to drive particles toward electrodes submersed in the nanoparticle dispersion. These electrodes are either bare silicon wafers or Si nanopatterned with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) electron beam resist. We demonstrate how an electric field can guide the nanoparticles to selectively nucleate around patterned features. A model is developed to predict the effect of the electric field on a patterned template and the forces guiding the nanoparticle self-assembly.
Antibody Therapeutics Targeting Aβ and Tau (2017)

The astonishing findings that active and passive immunization against amyloid-β (Aβ) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dramatically decreased amyloid burden led to a rapid initiation of human clinical trials with much enthusiasm. However, methodological issues and adverse effects relating to these clinical trials arose, challenging the effectiveness and safety of these reagents. Efforts are now underway to develop safer immunotherapeutic approaches toward Aβ and the treatment of individuals at risk for AD before or in the earliest stages of cognitive decline with new hopes. Furthermore, several studies have shown tau as a potential immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of tauopathy-related diseases including frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD). Both active and passive immunization targeting tau in mouse models of tauopathy effectively decreased tau pathology while improving cognitive performance. These preclinical studies have highlighted tau as an alternative target with much anticipation of clinical trials to be undertaken.
A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning (2003)

Changes in cognitive functioning often result from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and predict other important aspects of psychosocial recovery. Despite this pivotal role, no quantitative review of cognitive functioning across the spectrum of TBI severity has been reported. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of 39 mostly cross-sectional studies of the cognitive effects of mild head injury (MHI) and moderate-severe TBI from the acute phase through long-term follow-up. The studies reported 48 comparisons of patients (n = 1716) and control subjects (n = 1164). Averaged across all follow-up periods, the effect of moderate-severe TBI (weighted mean Cohen's d = -0.74) was more than three times the effect of MHI (weighted mean d = -0.24) on overall cognitive functioning. Further, the natural logarithm of the follow-up interval correlated very strongly with estimates of d among patients with MHI, but less so among those with moderate-severe TBI. In short, findings from published research suggest that overall cognitive functioning recovers most rapidly during the first few weeks following MHI, and essentially returns to baseline within 1-3 months. Cognitive functioning also improves during the first two years after moderate-severe TBI, but remains markedly impaired even among patients tested > 2 years post-injury.
Biochemical aspects of nitric oxide synthase feedback regulation by nitric oxide (2011)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gas molecule derived from at least three isoforms of the enzyme termed nitric oxide synthase (NOS). More than 15 years ago, the question of feedback regulation of NOS activity and expression by its own product was raised. Since then, a number of trials have verified the existence of negative feedback loop both in vitro and in vivo. NO, whether released from exogenous donors or applied in authentic NO solution, is able to inhibit NOS activity and also intervenes in NOS expression processes by its effect on transcriptional nuclear factor NF-κB. The existence of negative feedback regulation of NOS may provide a powerful tool for experimental and clinical use, especially in inflammation, when massive NOS expression may be detrimental.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of Ribofuranosyl Echiguanine Analogues as Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 4‐Kinase. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Ultrafiltration of Skim Milk on Casein Micelle Size Distribution in Retentate (1991)

Casein micelles obtained from skim milk concentrated three or five times by UF were mixed with agar and embedded in resin, and their thin sections were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The examination revealed roughly spherical particles with a wide range of sizes similar to the range of sizes found in unaltered skim milk. However, there was a significant change in casein micelle size distribution when the milk was ultrafiltered to higher concentrations. The highest proportion of casein micelles was changed from the 80-to 1OO-nm range in skim milk to 60 to 80-nm in milk concentrated five times. At higher concentrations, the numbers of casein micelles with diameters less than 80 nm increased, but those with diameters greater than 100 nm decreased Consequently, both the volume distribution and the average diameter of the casein micelles were altered. There was a decrease in casein micelle diameter from 118 nm in normal skim milk to 92 and 87 nm in milk concentrated three or five times, respectively. The change in the composition of casein and minerals, particularly Ca and P, as a result of UF may be responsible for the change in casein micelle size distribution, volume distribution, and average diameter of the casein micelles.
The PGD2 pathway, independently of FGF9, amplifies SOX9 activity in Sertoli cells during male sexual differentiation (2009)

Activation by the Y-encoded testis determining factor SRY and maintenance of expression of the Sox9 gene encoding the central transcription factor of Sertoli cell differentiation are key events in the mammalian sexual differentiation program. In the mouse XY gonad, SOX9 upregulates Fgf9, which initiates a Sox9/Fgf9 feedforward loop, and Sox9 expression is stimulated by the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) producing lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS, or PTDGS) enzyme, which accelerates commitment to the male pathway. In an attempt to decipher the genetic relationships between Sox9 and the L-Pgds/PGD2 pathway during mouse testicular organogenesis, we found that ablation of Sox9 at the onset or during the time window of expression in embryonic Sertoli cells abolished L-Pgds transcription. By contrast, L-Pgds(-/-) XY embryonic gonads displayed a reduced level of Sox9 transcript and aberrant SOX9 protein subcellular localization. In this study, we demonstrated genetically that the L-Pgds/PGD2 pathway acts as a second amplification loop of Sox9 expression. Moreover, examination of Fgf9(-/-) and L-Pgds(-/-) XY embryonic gonads demonstrated that the two Sox9 gene activity amplifying pathways work independently. These data suggest that, once activated and maintained by SOX9, production of testicular L-PGDS leads to the accumulation of PGD2, which in turn activates Sox9 transcription and nuclear translocation of SOX9. This mechanism participates together with FGF9 as an amplification system of Sox9 gene expression and activity during mammalian testicular organogenesis.
Evidence of apoptotic cell death in HIV encephalitis. (1995)

The mechanism of cell death in the brains of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome was examined in 15 cases, 8 of whom had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalitis, and in 8 control cases. Postmortem formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were prepared for routine histology and immunohistochemistry to detect cell-specific antigens. Apoptosis was detected by its morphology and by in situ end labeling of its characteristic oligonucleosomal fragments. Combined in situ end labeling and immunohistochemistry identified specific cell types. Six acquired immune deficiency syndrome brains, 5 of which had HIV encephalitis, contained positive nuclei by in situ end labeling. Co-labeling studies identified the cells as neurons, reactive astrocytes, and, rarely, the multinucleated giant cells of HIV encephalitis. The only control with nuclei positive by in situ end labeling had hepatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer type II astrocytes; the location and absence of cell-specific markers suggested a glial origin for the labeled cells. These results demonstrate that at least some neuronal and astrocytic death in HIV infection occurs by apoptosis. Its stimuli are unknown, but likely candidates include tumor necrosis factor or HIV viral products. Additionally, we hypothesize that apoptotic death of reactive astrocytes may be a normal mechanism whereby the brain removes an excess number of astrocytes that have proliferated after certain types of brain injury.
Implementation of a Point-of-Care Satellite Laboratory in the Emergency Department of an Academic Medical Center (2003)

The POCT satellite laboratory decreased test TAT and decreased ED LOS. There was excellent satisfaction with test accuracy and TAT.