gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization Analysis of Sunflower Butter (2005)

ABSTRACT A sunflower butter product was formulated and processing conditions were varied to study their effect on the overall sensory and physical characteristics of the final product. Amounts of salt, sugar, and stabilizer as well as roast level were optimized to yield a sunflower butter that most closely resembles peanut butter, in both physical and sensory quality. To produce a wide range of flavor, aroma, color, and texture attributes, 2 roasting levels (high and low), 2 sugar levels (7% and 9%), 2 salt levels (0.9% and 1.1%), and 3 stabilizer (Dritex‐C) levels (1.6%, 1.7%, and 1.8%) were selected. Sunflower butter formulations were rated more “earthy” and less “salty” than peanut butter, but differences in the “sweet” attribute were small. Largest differences in the textural sensory attributes were denoted for the initial firmness and spreadability, with panel judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sunflower butters more adhesive at the 1st bite; however, once chewed, sunflower butters were rated as less adhesive and higher on the “ease of swallow”. Cluster analysis on sensory data revealed the “best” formulation to have 1.8% stabilizer, 7% sugar, 1.1% salt, and a low roast level. Cluster analysis on the instrumental hardness, adhesion, oil separation, and color profile revealed the formulation closest to the controls to have the same amount of sugar and roast level, but 1.6% of stabilizer and 0.9% salt instead.
Silica nanosphere-supported shaped Pd nanoparticles encapsulated with nanoporous silica shell: Efficient and recyclable nanocatalysts (2010)

A synthetic method to a highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst, consisting of silica nanosphere (SiO2) decorated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd–NP) that are further encapsulated within a nanoporous silica shell (Porous-SiO2), is reported. First, monodisperse, 5 nm and 20 nm Pd nanoparticles are synthesized and anchored onto silica nanospheres of ∼250 nm in diameter. These core-shell nanospheres are then coated with a secondary silica shell by the sol–gel process. This is followed by controlled etching of the outer silica shell to yield nanoporous silica shell around the Pd–NP. The thickness of the nanoporous silica shell and its pore structures are controlled by changing the synthetic conditions. The resulting nanoporous silica shell is proved to permit reactants to reach the Pd–NP while at the same time protect them from aggregation. These new nanomaterials, dubbed SiO2/Pd Nanoparticles/Nanoporous SiO2 (or SiO2/Pd–NP/Porous-SiO2) core-shell-shell nanospheres behave as heterogeneous nanocatalyst exhibiting high catalytic activity and turn-over-numbers (TONs) in hydrogenation reaction of various substrates at room temperature and 20 bar hydrogen pressure. The core-shell-shell nanospheres are proven to be versatile catalysts as they are also able to catalyze C–C coupling reactions effectively. Moreover, these heterogeneous nanocatalysts are stable showing negligible Pd leaching and aggregation, and can be recycled multiple times without loss of catalytic activity.
Improvement of defects and flatness on extreme ultraviolet mask blanks (2013)

We have improved flatness and defects on an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) blank, which are critical issues for implementing EUV lithography. A high flatness of less than 30 nm on a glass substrate and low defects over 22 nm sphere-equivalent-volume-diameter (SEVD) on a multilayer (ML) blank are required for 22 nm half-pitch process. Flatness quality was improved to an average of around 50 nm and 30 nm as best, through more precise polishing process. Defect quality of single digit over 60 nm was achieved by improvement of fabrication process. New defect inspection was started for further defect reduction using a Teron Phasur. It was confirmed that there are lots of real phase defects with low height of less than 2 nm on a ML blank captured by the Teron. Small defects over 25 nm SEVD have been dramatically reduced to 20 defects mainly by various improvements of fabrication processes. A gap in flatness and defects between actual quality and the requirement is getting small, and both the qualities will be improved further for near future production.
Anti‐proliferative effects of tumor necrosis factor, gamma interferon and 5‐fluorouracil on human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (1990)

We have previously utilized a bank of diverse human colorectal carcinoma cell lines to assess the synergistic antiproliferative effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IFN-gamma (IFN-gamma) in combination. In this study, we used 3 of these cell lines (HCT 116, SKO1 and VACO 9P) to study the growth-inhibitory effects of TNF and IFN-gamma (TNF/IFN-gamma) on these cells when administered in conjunction with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). All 3 cell lines were sensitive to suprapharmacologic concentrations of 5-FU. However, the 3 lines varied in their sensitivities to clinically achievable concentrations of 5-FU. Concentrations of 0.1 microgram/ml of 5-FU administered for 96 hr, and 50 micrograms/ml administered for 1 hr, inhibited the growth of HCT 116 cells by 20% and 77%, that of SKCO1 cells by 25% and 66%, and that of VACO 9P cells by 25% and 55%, respectively. All 3 cell lines were sensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of TNF/IFN-gamma in a dose-dependent and duration-dependent fashion. TNF/IFN-gamma was administered for 1 hr every other day on days 1, 3 and 5 to the 3 cell lines. Cells were also exposed to 5-FU, administered either concomitantly for 96 hr, or for 1 hr on day 1. The addition of TNF/IFN-gamma to clinically achievable concentrations of 5-FU in both schedules resulted in additive cytotoxicity. For example, the addition of 10 ng/ml of both TNF and IFN-gamma to 96 hr of 0.1 microgram/ml 5-FU resulted in 10%, 5%, and 20% of control growth for the HCT 116 cell line, SKCO1 cell line, and VACO 9P cell line, respectively. The addition of 10 ng/ml of both TNF and IFN-gamma to 1 hr of 50 micrograms/ml of 5-FU inhibited all cell growth in all 3 cell lines. We conclude that TNF/IFN-gamma and 5-FU can be combined to achieve higher anti-tumor activity than either 5-FU or TNF/IFN-gamma alone in this in vitro model, that the 3-drug combination has potent growth-inhibitory effects at pharmacologic concentrations which are not schedule-dependent, and that this combination warrants further study in clinical trials.
A Mechanism for the Synergistic Antimalarial Action of Atovaquone and Proguanil (1999)

A combination of atovaquone and proguanil has been found to be quite effective in treating malaria, with little evidence of the emergence of resistance when atovaquone was used as a single agent. We have examined possible mechanisms for the synergy between these two drugs. While proguanil by itself had no effect on electron transport or mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim), it significantly enhanced the ability of atovaquone to collapse DeltaPsim when used in combination. This enhancement was observed at pharmacologically achievable doses. Proguanil acted as a biguanide rather than as its metabolite cycloguanil (a parasite dihydrofolate reductase [DHFR] inhibitor) to enhance the atovaquone effect; another DHFR inhibitor, pyrimethamine, also had no enhancing effect. Proguanil-mediated enhancement was specific for atovaquone, since the effects of other mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, such as myxothiazole and antimycin, were not altered by inclusion of proguanil. Surprisingly, proguanil did not enhance the ability of atovaquone to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport in malaria parasites. These results suggest that proguanil in its prodrug form acts in synergy with atovaquone by lowering the effective concentration at which atovaquone collapses DeltaPsim in malaria parasites. This could explain the paradoxical success of the atovaquone-proguanil combination even in regions where proguanil alone is ineffective due to resistance. The results also suggest that the atovaquone-proguanil combination may act as a site-specific uncoupler of parasite mitochondria in a selective manner.
Glutathione S Transferases: Biochemistry, Polymorphism and Role in Colorectal Carcinogenesis (2017)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes detoxifying a wide range of hazardous substances both of endogenous or exogenous origin, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) or xenobiotics and environmental carcinogens; thereby imparting protection to DNA against oxidative damage. GST gene polymorphisms on the other hand, exert an effect on the functioning of enzymes encoded by these genes at both gene expression level and the activity of the protein. In this way it may influence the possibility of detoxification of carcinogens, and consequently, the level of DNA damage; thus it may have an effect on the risk of development of cancer. In this review we aim to understand the function of GSTs in the xenobiotic metabolism and their role in modulation of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Intrinsic localized mode as in-plane vibration in two-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices (2012)

Intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) in two dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices are investigated. We consider in-plane vibrations of particles which have two degrees of freedom. We find two types of ILMs, quasi-one dimensional ILM and two dimensional ILM. Effect of interaction of second nearest neighbor lattices on stricture is also discussed.
Evidence for cyanophages active against bloom‐forming freshwater cyanobacteria (2008)

Summary 1. A total of 35 putative cyanophages able to infect non‐axenic cultures of bloom‐forming freshwater cyanobacteria in the genera Microcystis , Anabaena and Planktothrix were isolated from Lake Zurich (Switzerland) and lakes in the Cotswold Water Park (U.K.). Eleven lytic cyanophage isolates were isolated on Microcystis and 12 each on Anabaena and Planktothrix . Cyanophage isolation protocols varied when using these different cyanobacterial hosts. 2. The collection of putative cyanophage isolates encompassed a variety of morphotypes, including the first filamentous cyanophage from any environment and the second siphocyanophage reported from fresh water. 3. PCR primer sets for gp20, gp23 and MCP genes, which have been previously found to be conserved in other cyanophages, were used in an attempt to determine genetic diversity among the phage isolates. The failure to obtain specific amplification products from most isolates suggests that the cyanophages isolated in this study were different from those previously characterized from both marine and freshwater environments. 4. Some putative cyanophages within the collection of isolates proved to have a very broad host range and were able to infect Anabaena , Microcystis and Planktothrix . The ability to infect a wide range of host taxa extends the potential reproductive period for lytic propagation, and also has implications for the transfer of genetic information between deeply separated cyanobacterial lineages.
A novel wafer level hermetic packaging for MEMS devices using micro glass cavities fabricated by a hot forming process (2010)

Hermetic or vacuum packaging to maintain a controllable cavity pressure and low costs are required by many MEMS devices having moving parts. A novel fabrication technology using micro glass cavities for wafer level hermetic MEMS packaging including accelerometer or gyroscope will be presented. The micro cavities were fabricated by a hot-forming process using Pyrex 7740 since its coefficient of thermal expansion is similar to that of silicon as well as its good sealing properties. Firstly shallow cavities were wet etched fast on the surface of a silicon wafer. Then foaming agents were placed in the silicon cavities. After that the cavities were sealed with a glass wafer by anodic bonding. The bonded wafers were then heated up, and the gas released by foaming agents foamed the glass into spherical bubbles according to the cavity pattern in silicon substrate. Finally, the wafer level spherical glass cavities for packaging MEMS devices were acquired by removing the silicon mold. Then the glass cavities were used to package MEMS. The cap wafer is bonded to the host MEMS wafer by a second anodic bonding process at a relatively low temperature. The MEMS structures were protected by the glass cavities as well as providing a transparent optical window. Mechanical shock test results show that the sealed glass cavities could sustain impact of 30000g acceleration velocity without fracture. LDV test show that the glass cavities could also provide optical window for MEMS devices. The leakage rate of each sealed chamber was tested with He mass spectrometer leak detector, the result show that the leakage rate of the packaged cavity is below 5X 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> Pa. m / s. The impact test was also did by a bounce table which show that the packaged cavity with the side length of about 3 mm can sustain over 30000g acceleration velocity. The novel package technology has a potential application in optical MEMS and Bio-MEMS.
Pseudo-random binary sequence phase modulation for narrow linewidth, kilowatt, monolithic fiber amplifiers (2014)

We report on pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) phase modulation for narrow-linewidth, kilowatt-class, monolithic (all-fiber) amplifiers. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold enhancement factors for different patterns of PRBS modulated fiber amplifiers were experimentally analyzed and agreed well with the theoretical predictions. We also examined seeding of the SBS process by phase modulated signals when the effective linewidth is on the same order as the Brillouin shift frequency. Here ~30% variations in SBS power thresholds were observed from small tunings of the modulation frequency. In addition, a 3 GHz PRBS modulated, 1.17 kW fiber amplifier was demonstrated. Near diffraction-limited beam quality was achieved (M2 = 1.2) with an optical pump efficiency of 83%. Overall, the improved SBS suppression and narrow linewidth achieved through PRBS modulation can have a significant impact on the beam combining of kilowatt class fiber lasers.
Simulated Femoral Repositioning with Three-Dimensional CT (1991)

Three-dimensional volumetric rendering of CT data has proven to be valuable in the evaluation of the hip. Although video loop animation allows review of the anatomy from all perspectives, it does not show the functional range of motion of the femur in the acetabulum. We have developed a technique termed simulated dynamic CT that gives dynamic animated three-dimensional viewing capabilities. This technique incorporates static CT data with gait and movement data to produce a sequence of dynamic images simulating range of motion. Additionally, this technique allows simulation of surgical techniques to visually anticipate the results of reduction and traction and potential limitations in subsequent hip movement. To assess the potential of this technique, two dysplastic hip patients were studied prior to reconstruction. In each case the perspective thus gained led to altered surgical management.
Consumer Participation in Setting International Food Standards (1991)

The views of the International Organisation of Consumers Unions (IOCU) with regard to food standards in international trade are reported. The implementation of the reform of Codex , ensuring improvements in food standards necessary to gain consumer confidence, is advocated.
Anemia of chronic disorders in systemic autoimmune diseases. (1997)

ACD is a parameter of disease activity in systemic autoimmune diseases. The severe inflammatory stimuli responsible for the pathophysiology of these disorders lead to several systemic changes (referred to as chronic active phase response) through which the organism tries to cope with chronic tissue injuries. These reactions are brought about by inflammation-associated cytokines, like IL-6, IL-1, TNF alpha, TGF beta that regulate hepatic synthesis of acute phase proteins. Many cytokines involved in chronic acute phase response, including IL-1, TNF alpha, TGF beta, have an inhibitory activity on erythroid colony formation in vitro. In addition, circulating TNF alpha is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IL-1 beta serum levels are significantly increased in RA with ACD and RA patients treated in vivo with antibodies (Abs) to TNF alpha show disease improvement, including an increase in Hb values. Reduced erythropoietin (EPO) activity, usually the result of reduced production, plays a role in the pathogenesis of ACD observed in systemic autoimmune diseases. Both the production and the action of EPO may fall under the control of IL-1 and IFN-gamma. The most controversial and stimulating aspect of the pathogenesis of ACD in systemic autoimmune disorders is the role of iron metabolism and nitric oxide (NO), which contributes to the regulation of iron cellular metabolism. Both iron deficiency and iron overload may influence the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes and differentially affect T helper (TH)-1 and TH-2 lymphocytes. Furthermore, TH-1 cytokines stimulate and TH-2-type cytokines inhibit NO production. For these reasons, cell-mediated immunity may be expected to have influence on NO synthesis and on the mechanisms leading to iron accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system.
Have We Learnt Anything from the AsianCrisis? Looking at the Crisis from the Perspective of India (2007)

Purpose: The present research attempts to analyse the situation where a vulnerable financial structure leads to a crisis. It critically analyses the causes and lessons of the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 focussing on the crucial trigger factor. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodological approach of this research study is descriptive and the data obtained various secondary data sources in thematic form. Findings: Lessons from recent financial and economic crises such as the Asian crisis in 1997-98 proved that a sub-optimal financial structure may be necessary but not sufficient condition in itself for a crisis. Research Limitations: The main limitation of the study was that the data was based only on secondary sources. Managerial Implications: The role of financial structure of an economy in maintaining economic stability and representing a forceful manifestation of the vulnerability of the economics profession, commercial businesses, international financial organisations and the banks in predicting and if possible, preventing the economic turmoil associated with the crisis. Originality/Value: This study showcased the original work of the authors in the field of Asian Crisis and the financial structure in India.
Buck ZVS DC-DC Quasi-Resonant Converter: Design, Modeling, Simulation and Experimentation (2014)

In the paper work a experimental study has been made with practical trend, of a Buck DC - DC quasi resonant converter, working with ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching). In the work a mathematical expressions, for the parameters, which describe the work of the power part of the circuit, has been made. With their help a method for designing of a Buck ZVS DC - DC quasi resonant converter has been proposed. The advantage of this method is the use of simple expressions, which facilitate the designing, but in the same time an acceptable error of 10 % is kept, commensurate with the tolerance of the values of the reactive elements (capacitor and inductor). The verification of these expressions has been made with modeling (Matlab/Simulink), computer simulations (LTSpice) and experimental measurements on a laboratory stand. Keywords - Zero voltage switching, DC-DC power converters, Soft-switching, Modeling, Simulation.
Inert Matrix and Thoria Fuels for Plutonium Burning in LWRs (1998)

Proliferation risks, radiotoxicity, environmental safety and energy conservation reasons suggest to burn excess Pu in existing world-wide available LWRs.Inert matrix fuel is a non-fertile oxide fuel consisting of PuO2, either weapon-grade or reactor-grade, diluted in inert oxides such as stabilized ZrO2. Its primary advantage consists in no-production of new plutonium during irradiation, because it does not contain uranium (U-free fuel). Some thoria addition in the matrix (thoria-doped fuel) may be required for coping with reactivity feedback needs. The full thoria-plutonia fuel though still a U-free variant cannot be defined non-fertile any more because the U-233 generation. The advantage of such a fuel option resides in a remarkable already existing technological background and a potential acceleration in getting rid of the Pu stocks. All U-free fuels are envisaged to be operated under a once-throug cycle scheme (the spent fuel is supposed to be sent directly to the final disposal in deep geological formations without requiring any further reprocessing treatment).Calculations show that IMF allows an almost complete burning of fissile plutonium, thus eliminating any proliferation concern. However whole core loading is not feasible, then the yearly amount of burnt plutonium is limited. On the other hand thoria-plutonia fuels have lower capability of plutonium burning, alleviated by the possibility to accept a whole core loading. Some proliferation concerns still exist.An R&D activity for fuel validation is in progress in Italy, in view of an irradiation testing in Halden Reactor and/or a russian PWR. Fabrication test on simulated fuels via GSP process are in progress. Corrosion tests confirmed the high chemical stability of these materials. A new method for thermal parameters measurement has been set up and thoroughly tested.
The music notepad (1998)

Article The music notepad Share on Authors: Andrew Forsberg Brown University, Department of Computer Science, Providence, RI Brown University, Department of Computer Science, Providence, RIView Profile , Mark Dieterich Brown University, Department of Computer Science, Providence, RI Brown University, Department of Computer Science, Providence, RIView Profile , Robert Zeleznik Brown University, Department of Computer Science, Providence, RI Brown University, Department of Computer Science, Providence, RIView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '98: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyNovember 1998 Pages 203–210https://doi.org/10.1145/288392.288608Published:01 November 1998 51citation901DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations51Total Downloads901Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
In delirium…Formas de entender la educación, la comunicación y la vida (2018)

una publicación de ámbito nacional e internacional interdisciplinar de carácter científico-académico y divulgativo, que pretende fomentar el intercambio de ideas y trabajos en el campo de los medios y los nuevos media aplicadas a la educación y de formación en general