gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Monitoring of the Amidation Reaction Between Coconut Oil and Diethanolamine by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (2008)

Abstract An analytical procedure was developed to monitor the batch reaction of coconut oil and diethanolamine which also would determine the cocodiethanolamide (CDEA) content of the final product. The method was based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry utilizing partial least squares regression. The calibration was modeled in the 1,781–1,714 and 1,658–1,639 cm −1 spectral regions for coconut oil and CDEA respectively. The models were then applied to predict the amidation process yield and to monitor the in situ kinetics of reactions between coconut oil and DEA. The root mean square error of prediction was 0.590 and 0.336 for coconut oil and CDEA respectively. The proposed method can also be successfully applied to the determination of purity in commercial grade CDEA samples and would give reliable results in comparison with the potentiometric titration reference method.
Rendering Large-Scale Terrain Models and Positioning Objects in Relation to 3D Terrain (2003)

Computer generated 3D graphics have been commonplace in computing since the early 1990's. However, most 3D scenes have focused on relatively small areas such as rooms or buildings. Rendering large scale landscapes based on 3D geometry generally did not occur because the scenes generated tended to use up too much system memory and overburden 3D graphics cards with too many polygons. However, there are applications where the terrain is critical and needs to be rendered properly such as cartography and military simulation. This thesis is focused on methods of rendering terrain for such applications. The data used to build terrain geometry typically comes from elevation postings taken from surveys of the terrain. This thesis does not focus on collecting this data nor does it compare various sources of terrain data. Instead, this thesis is about taking elevation data, producing a rendered 3D scene, and placing objects within the scene relative to the terrain. Having these capabilities makes many military and cartographic applications possible. Some military applications include displaying the results of computer simulations in 3D, planning operations using a 3D landscape, and rehearsing operations in 3D. The military does have some tools that can be used today for these actions but the tools are typically proprietary and expensive. This thesis is focused on using and extending open source tools for 3D terrain rendering. The result is tools that can be freely used, studied, and expanded by anyone without licensing costs.
ABCG2 – a transporter for all seasons (2004)

The human ABCG2 (ABCP/MXR/BCRP) protein is a recently recognized ABC half-transporter, which forms homodimers in the plasma membrane and actively extrudes a wide variety of chemically unrelated compounds from the cells. This protein protects our cells and tissues against various xenobiotics, with a crucial role in the intestine, liver, placenta, and the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, ABCG2 seems to have a key function in stem cell protection/regulation, and also in hypoxic defense mechanisms. Widely occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCG2 may affect absorption and distribution, altering the effectiveness and toxicity of drugs in large populations. At the clinics, overexpression of ABCG2 in tumor cells confers cancer multidrug resistance to a variety of newly developed anticancer agents. On the other hand, specific substrate mutants of ABCG2 are advocated for use as selectable markers in stem-cell based gene therapy.
Variable Focusing and Steering Using High Speed MEMS Phased Array (2018)

Focusing combined with translation in one transversal plane is demonstrated using a high-speed linear MEMS phased array. Total scan ranges of 80 mm in the depth dimension and 16 mrad in the transversal dimension are demonstrated.
Evidence for Lattice-Mismatch—Induced Defects in Amorphous Semiconductor Heterojunctions (1984)

The size and distribution of built-in electric fields in $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{H}/a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}:\mathrm{H}$ layered amorphous semiconductor materials have been determined by use of electroabsorption spectroscopy. Strong asymmetries are present between the interfaces, leading to internal fields as large as 4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{5}$ V/cm in material with thin (12 \AA{}) layers. These fields are due to an interface charge present when amorphous silicon is deposited onto silicon nitride, which we attribute to strain-relieving defects caused by structural mismatch.
<i>Arabidopsis</i>Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 Regulate Glucosinolate Biosynthesis, Insect Performance, and Feeding Behavior   (2013)

Arabidopsis thaliana plants fend off insect attack by constitutive and inducible production of toxic metabolites, such as glucosinolates (GSs). A triple mutant lacking MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4, three basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that are known to additively control jasmonate-related defense responses, was shown to have a highly reduced expression of GS biosynthesis genes. The myc2 myc3 myc4 (myc234) triple mutant was almost completely devoid of GS and was extremely susceptible to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. On the contrary, the specialist Pieris brassicae was unaffected by the presence of GS and preferred to feed on wild-type plants. In addition, lack of GS in myc234 drastically modified S. littoralis feeding behavior. Surprisingly, the expression of MYB factors known to regulate GS biosynthesis genes was not altered in myc234, suggesting that MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 are necessary for direct transcriptional activation of GS biosynthesis genes. To support this, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that MYC2 binds directly to the promoter of several GS biosynthesis genes in vivo. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and pull-down experiments indicated that MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 interact directly with GS-related MYBs. This specific MYC-MYB interaction plays a crucial role in the regulation of defense secondary metabolite production and underlines the importance of GS in shaping plant interactions with adapted and nonadapted herbivores.
Design Automation of UHF RFID Tag Antenna Using a Genetic Algorithm Linked with MWS CST (2008)

This paper presents a design automation method to optimize RFID tag antenna design with a genetic algorithm (GA) linked with an EM commercial simulation program MWS (Microwave Studio) manufactured by CST Co. The MWS simulator program is very well known program for antenna design. The GA is programmed with MATLAB and linked with MWS to get the results of RFID tag antenna simulation. The visual basic application (VBA) script language is used to link and execute between GA and MWS program. The test results getting from the MWS simulation program passed to the GA, and GA optimizes the design automatically.
Brain and Muscle Express a Unique Alternative Transcript of αΙΙ Spectrin (1999)

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts of alpha and beta spectrin has emerged as an important generator of diversity in this gene family, yet the functional consequences and extent of this diversity remains unknown. We have cloned and characterized full-length alphaII spectrin cDNA from human fetal brain (GenBank and ). On the basis of the predicted amino acid sequence, 11 amino acid substitutions, presumably representing polymorphisms, have been identified that distinguish this alphaII spectrin from human lung fibroblast alphaII spectrin. In addition, human fetal brain spectrin displays a novel five amino acid insertion in repeat 15 that arises from alternative mRNA splicing and that distinguishes this spectrin from lung fibroblast alphaII++ spectrin. This discovery, together with two previously identified regions of alternative mRNA splicing in alphaII spectrin suggest that as many as eight different splice forms of the mature protein might exist if all combinations (at inserts 1, 2, and 3) of alternative mRNA splicing are utilized. To assess this possibility, the tissue distribution of alternative exon usage was investigated by semiquantitative PCR with intron-jumping primer sets. Tissues examined were from mouse and included heart, kidney, lung, liver, thymus, spleen, brain, ovary, testis, and skeletal muscle, as well as mouse embryonic tissue. Transcripts both with and without insert 1, representing a 60 bp insertion within alphaII spectrin repeat 10, were identified in all tissues. In contrast, transcripts with insert 2, the novel 15 bp insertion reported here, were only expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and embryonic tissue. In all tissues examined only transcripts positive for insert 3, an 18 bp insertion in repeat 21, were amplified, even under conditions in which a 30% level of insert 3 negative transcript could be easily detected in artificially prepared control samples. All combinations of insert 1 and insert 2 were identified together in individual transcripts, verifying at least four distinct isoforms of alphaII spectrin. These have been named alphaIISigma1 through alphaIISigma4, in accord with current spectrin naming conventions. Dynamic molecular modeling of the 15th repeat unit incorporating insert 2 predicts that the spliced sequence forms a loop between helices A and B, and suggests that this insert might constitute a novel protein interaction site. The presence of this sequence in alphaIISigma3 and alphaIISigma4 spectrin suggests a specialized and heretofore unanticipated function for the 15th repeat of this molecule.
Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis—review (2011)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been under scientific investigation for more than fifteen years because of their unique properties that predestine them for many potential applications. The field of nanotechnology and nanoscience push their investigation forward to produce CNTs with suitable parameters for future applications. It is evident that new approaches of their synthesis need to be developed and optimized. In this paper we review history, types, structure and especially the different synthesis methods for CNTs preparation including arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition. Moreover, we mention some rarely used ways of arc discharge deposition which involves arc discharge in liquid solutions in contrary to standard used deposition in a gas atmosphere. In addition, the methods for uniform vertically aligned CNTs synthesis using lithographic techniques for catalyst deposition as well as a method utilizing a nanoporous anodized aluminium oxide as a pattern for selective CNTs growth are reported too.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor selectively regulates dendritogenesis of parvalbumin-containing interneurons in the main olfactory bulb through the PLCγ pathway (2006)

Molecular mechanisms of neurotrophin signaling on dendrite development and dynamics are only partly understood. To address the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the morphogenesis of GABAergic neurons of the main olfactory bulb, we analyzed mice lacking BDNF, mice carrying neurotrophin-3 (NT3) in the place of BDNF, and TrkB signaling mutant mice with a receptor that can activate phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) but is unable to recruit the adaptors Shc/Frs2. BDNF deletion yielded a compressed olfactory bulb with a significant loss of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in GABAergic interneurons of the external plexiform layer. Dendrite development of PV-positive interneurons was selectively attenuated by BDNF since other Ca2+ -binding protein-containing neuron populations appeared unaffected. The deficit in PV-positive neurons could be rescued by the NT3/NT3 alleles. The degree of PV immunoreactivity was dependent on BDNF and TrkB recruitment of the adaptor proteins Shc/Frs2. In contrast, PLCgamma signaling from the TrkB receptor was sufficient for dendrite growth in vivo and consistently, blocking PLCgamma prevented BDNF-dependent dendrite development in vitro. Collectively, our results provide genetic evidence that BDNF and TrkB signaling selectively regulate PV expression and dendrite growth in a subset of neurochemically-defined GABAergic interneurons via activation of the PLCgamma pathway.
An Optimised Gateway Selection Mechanism for Wireless Ad hoc Networks Connected to the Internet (2006)

When an ad hoc network is connected to the Internet, it is important for the mobile nodes to detect available gateways providing access to the Internet. We discuss the problem of interworking and integration between the ad hoc and radio access networks. Furthermore, we propose a signalling mechanism to discover and select the optimum gateway when more than one gateway is available. A gateway is considered to be optimum if the path via this gateway provides better quality of service such as total path bandwidth or overall delay. An optimum gateway selection scheme should consider both the ad hoc and radio access networks to provide better QoS support. To achieve this selection, QoS information from both sides of the network needs to be communicated across the network. Further research is required to adapt the proposed mechanism to be applied for wireless sensor networks
Distinct behavior of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene constructs in vivo. Discordance with in vitro results. (1993)

Transcriptional thyroid hormone responsiveness of the cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) gene has been demonstrated in transfections into fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes and in transgenic mice. However, the correspondence between the regulation of MHC expression in dissociated cells with that in the intact heart is unclear. Given the cost and time involved in generating multiple transgenic lines for the characterization of gene regulatory elements, we used direct cardiac gene transfer to identify elements regulating both basal and thyroid hormone responsive cardiac alpha-MHC gene expression in the adult heart in vivo. Sequences upstream of the rat alpha-MHC gene linked to a luciferase reporter gene were injected into the hearts of adult rats subjected to various thyroid manipulations. The 161-bp sequence upstream of the transcription start site, which contains a TATA box, a CCAATT box, and a thyroid hormone response element, was transcriptionally active but not thyroid hormone responsive. The expression of a construct containing 388 bp of upstream sequence was increased by thyroid hormone administration, a response that required an intact thyroid hormone response element. However, expression of this construct failed to decrease to basal levels in a hypothyroid state. To confer complete (positive and negative) thyroid hormone regulation, 2,936 bp of upstream sequence was sufficient. These results demonstrate that, although necessary, the thyroid hormone response element is not sufficient for complete thyroid hormone regulation of this gene in vivo. In addition, DNA sequences regulating the quantitative expression of cardiac alpha-MHC in the euthyroid state have been demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydroperoxyl radical reactions. II. Cupric ions in modulated photolysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroperoxyl radical reactions. II. Cupric ions in modulated photolysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance experimentsD. Meisel, H. Levanon, and G. CzapskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 8, 779–782Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100601a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100601a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
High-power laser diodes at various wavelengths (1997)

High power laser diodes at various wavelengths are described. First, performance and reliability of an optimized large transverse mode diode structure at 808 and 941 nm are presented. Next, data are presented on a 9.5 kW peak power array at 900 nm having a narrow emission bandwidth suitable for pumping Yb:S-FAP laser materials. Finally, results on a fiber-coupled laser diode array at approximately 730 nm are presented.
Iminium ion mediated cyclizations of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Bridging with acetals, carbonyls, and thiocarbonyls (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIminium ion mediated cyclizations of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Bridging with acetals, carbonyls, and thiocarbonylsGeorge D. Hartman, Brian T. Phillips, and Wasyl HalczenkoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 14, 2423–2427Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00214a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00214a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views853Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Design innovations towards miniaturized GPS-quality clocks (2016)

Honeywell is developing a cold atom primary standard with reduced size, weight and power in comparison to existing clocks with similar performance, showing the feasibility of achieving the long-term goal of near-GPS-quality performance in a miniaturized, fieldable package. While the physics of these clocks is well known, unique challenges with miniaturizing the components and subsystems have required new innovative solutions. The challenges, investigated solutions, and results are discussed.
Characterization of the promoter region of the human O<sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (1991)

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a ubiquitous protein responsible for repair of O6-alkylguanine, a mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic lesion. To characterize the elements responsible for the regulation of the MGMT gene, a 2.6 kb Sstl fragment isolated from a genomic clone, was shown to contain 5' flanking sequences of the gene. The promoter activity of this fragment as well as various subfragments were tested in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts by transient expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene linked to these fragments. Maximal promoter activity was observed in a 1.2 kb 3' terminal fragment, which contains the first untranslated exon. The transcription initiation site was identified in this fragment by primer extension and S1 mapping. Sequence analysis of this fragment showed the absence of TATA and CAAT boxes but an abundance of extremely GC-rich sequences, including ten GC hexanucleotide motifs 5'CCGCCC. Reduced CAT expression with the minimal promoter sequence suggests the presence of multiple regulatory elements.
Antibody-Induced Suppression of the Fifth Component of Complement in Mice (1978)

Abstract We have shown that administration of anti-C5 antibody to newborn mice heterozygous for C5 deficiency can suppress C5 levels for prolonged periods. This is analogous to antibody-induced immunoglobulin allotype and idiotype suppression. Only certain sources of anti-C5 are effective in suppression. Of the three antisera extensively tested in (SWR × RIII)F1 hybrids, A/He anti-RIII was the most effective, SWR anti-RIII was less effective, and SWR anti-DBA/1 was ineffective. Only certain strain combinations of F1 hybrids are susceptible to C5 suppression. C5 suppression was seen with (SWR × RIII)F1 hybrids but not (SWR × DBA/1)F1 hybrids. Kinetics of C5 suppression suggest a requirement for an active, ongoing process in the maintenance of low C5 levels.
Lymphocyte doubling time in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of its prognostic significance (1986)

In 100 untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocyte doubling time (LDT) has been investigated in relationship with clinical stages, bone marrow histological patterns, treatment-free period and survival. Although partially correlated with clinical stages and bone marrow patterns, LDT has a clear prognostic significance by itself: whereas a LDT of 12 or less months identifies a population of patients with poor prognosis, a LDT higher than 12 months is indicative of good prognosis as substantiated by a long treatment-free period and survival. This simple parameter can be useful in the clinical management of CLL patients.
An influenza virus matrix protein‐specific human T cell line with helper activity for <i>in vitro</i> anti‐hemagglutinin antibody production (1982)

A human helper T cell line (F14m) activated by the matrix protein purified from A/X31 influenza virus has been developed. After activation by antigen for 7 days, and reculture with matrix protein and irradiated autologous feeder cells, the cells obtained from an in vivo influenza virus-immunized donor have been growing in the presence of interleukin 2 for more than 7 months. The cells all belong to the helper-inducer T cell subset and most of them express surface membrane HLA-DR antigens. A small number (approximately 10(3)) of F14m T cells provided optimal help for 1 X 10(5) autologous T-depleted lymphocytes for production of anti-A/X31 but not anti-B/HK antibodies. The F14m T cells produce soluble factors (S14m) able to help B cells to secrete anti-A/X31 antibodies. F14m and S14m were shown to help antibody production to hemagglutinin when cultured with B cells and the whole virus. The specificity of the T cell line for type-A matrix protein was confirmed by the ability of S14m to provide help for anti-A/JAP (A/H2/N2) but not for anti-B/HK antibody production. These data provide evidence for matrix protein-specific T helper cells and factors able to provide help for antibody production against hemagglutinin, a distinct protein of the same virus.