gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Update on Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (2003)

The current totality of evidence provides strong support for the initial finding from the Physicians' Health Study that aspirin reduces the risk of a first MI. For apparently healthy individuals whose 10-year risk of a first coronary event is 10% or greater, according to the US Preventive Services Task Force and the American Heart Association, the benefits of long-term aspirin therapy are likely to outweigh any risks.
Transfer Printing of Graphene Using Gold Film (2009)

We report a facile transfer printing process for easily exfoliating prepatterned graphene from HOPG surfaces by using gold film as the transfer stamp. The transferred printed patterns consist of single- and few-layer graphene with macroscopic continuity. Raman spectra show that some defects appear along the edges of the graphene patterns, which were induced by the oxygen plasma-etching treatment of the HOPG surface. This transfer-printing technique paves a new and simple way to get large-scale graphene patterns on to any substrates.
Disordered strictly jammed binary sphere packings attain an anomalously large range of densities (2013)

Previous attempts to simulate disordered binary sphere packings have been limited in producing mechanically stable, isostatic packings across a broad spectrum of packing fractions. Here we report that disordered strictly jammed binary packings (packings that remain mechanically stable under general shear deformations and compressions) can be produced with an anomalously large range of average packing fractions 0.634≤φ≤0.829 for small to large sphere radius ratios α restricted to α≥0.100. Surprisingly, this range of average packing fractions is obtained for packings containing a subset of spheres (called the backbone) that are exactly strictly jammed, exactly isostatic, and also generated from random initial conditions. Additionally, the average packing fractions of these packings at certain α and small sphere relative number concentrations x approach those of the corresponding densest known ordered packings. These findings suggest for entropic reasons that these high-density disordered packings should be good glass formers and that they may be easy to prepare experimentally. We also identify an unusual feature of the packing fraction of jammed backbones (packings with rattlers excluded). The backbone packing fraction is about 0.624 over the majority of the α-x plane, even when large numbers of small spheres are present in the backbone. Over the (relatively small) area of the α-x plane where the backbone is not roughly constant, we find that backbone packing fractions range from about 0.606 to 0.829, with the volume of rattler spheres comprising between 1.6% and 26.9% of total sphere volume. To generate isostatic strictly jammed packings, we use an implementation of the Torquato-Jiao sequential linear programming algorithm [Phys. Rev. E 82, 061302 (2010)], which is an efficient producer of inherent structures (mechanically stable configurations at the local maxima in the density landscape). The identification and explicit construction of binary packings with such high packing fractions could have important practical implications for granular composites where density is critical both to material properties and fabrication cost, including for solid propellants, concrete, and ceramics. The densities and structures of jammed binary packings at various α and x are also relevant to the formation of a glass phase in multicomponent metallic systems.
Wavelet-based pavement distress detection and evaluation (2006)

An automated pavement inspection system consists of image acquisition and distress image processing. The former is accomplished with imaging sensors, such as video cameras and photomultiplier tubes. The latter includes distress detection, isolation, classification, evaluation, segmentation, and compression. We focus on wavelet-based distress detection, isolation, and evaluation. After a pavement image is decomposed into different-frequency subbands by the wavelet transform, distresses are transformed into high-amplitude wavelet coefficients and noise is transformed into low-amplitude wavelet coefficients, both in the high-frequency subbands, referred to as details. Background is transformed into wavelet coefficients in a low-frequency subband, referred to as approximation. First, several statistical criteria are developed for distress detection and isolation, which include the high-amplitude wavelet coefficient percentage (HAWCP), the high-frequency energy percentage (HFEP), and the standard deviation (STD). These criteria are tested on hundreds of pavement images differing by type, severity, and extent of distress. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed criteria are reliable for distress detection and isolation and that real-time distress detection and screening is currently feasible. A norm for pavement distress quantification, which is defined as the product of HAWCP and HFEP, is also proposed. Experimental results show that the norm is a useful index for pavement distress evaluation.
[The resolution of a 2-dimensional ultrasonic velocity profile of human tooth sections]. (1994)

In a previous study (Löst et al. 1992, Löst et al. 1994) two-dimensional ultrasound velocity profiles of human dentin were introduced, and their possible significance and the underlying measuring system were discussed. Profiles of ultrasound velocity enable us to differentiate the structure and the elasticity of dental hard tissues. The quality of these color-coded profiles enhances with improved lateral resolution of the used ultrasound measuring system. Establishing an optimal window for displaying longitudinal sound velocities increases topological statements. Under given conditions of the measuring system an optimal lateral distance between points of measurement could be found. The differentiation of values within the profiles of ultrasound velocity is most meaningful applying a standardized window within the range of ultrasound velocity. For the used 20 MHz-ultrasound transducer a 0.2 mm lateral distance of measuring points was found to be optimal and a chosen window of ultrasound velocity in dentin from at least 2800 to 4300 m/s, respectively.
Effects of Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 on the Li[Li0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

The lithium-excess layered oxide LiLi0.2Mn0.54Ni 0.13Co0.13O2 has been surface modified with Al2O3 films grown with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and examined as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Al2O3 was grown on powders prior to electrode fabrication, directly on the electrode, and directly on the electrode followed by a heat-treatment at 300C in air. Compared to the bare electrode, an Al2O3 film on an as-formed electrode improved the cycle performance significantly. Furthermore, the heat treatment of the ALD-coated electrodes result in significant increase in capacity, due to the transformation of the as-deposited Al2O 3 to a better Li???-conductive material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the heat-treatment leads to an inter-diffusion of atoms between the Al2O3 coating and the LiLi0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O 2 core. &copy; 2011 The Electrochemical Society.
0.4 μm spatial resolution with 1 GHz (λ=30 cm) evanescent microwave probe (1999)

In this article we describe evanescent field imaging of material nonuniformities with a record resolution of 0.4 μm at 1 GHz (λg/750 000), using a resonant stripline scanning microwave probe. A chemically etched tip is used as a point-like evanescent field emitter and a probe–sample distance modulation is employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Images obtained by evanescent microwave probe, by optical microscope, and by scanning tunneling microscope are presented for comparison. Probe was calibrated to perform quantitative conductivity measurements. The principal factors affecting the ultimate resolution of evanescent microwave probe are also discussed.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Novel Cryogenic Rankine Cycle for Wind Energy Storage (2012)

A novel electrical energy storage system based on cryogenic liquid nitrogen as storage medium was developed and investigated in order to integrate fluctuating wind energy into the electrical grid. In times of surplus electric power from wind turbines the electrical energy is used to generate very cold liquid nitrogen with an air separation unit which will be stored in cryogenic tanks. In times of electricity demand the energy which is stored in the coldness of the liquid nitrogen will be transferred into electrical energy by a Rankine cycle. The external heat input is solely supplied from the ambience because all changes of state of this cryogenic Rankine cycle are below the ambient temperature level. The cycle drives an expansion turbine for power generation with a power of 10 MW. In this work two variants of the cryogenic Rankine cycle are presented. The thermodynamic analyses show that the volumetric energy density of this liquid nitrogen energy storage system (LINESS) amounts > 50 kWh/m3, which is much higher than of many alternative energy storage systems. But the overall efficiency of this storage system is moderate and amounts 13%. The investigations also show that the technical feasibility of the turbine is given, but a standard steam turbine cannot be adopted for this cycle. The main advantage of this novel storage system compared to compressed air or hydrogen power storage systems is that it can be built independent of geological premises due to the high volumetric energy density.
The Effect of Surface and Downhole Boundary Conditions on the Vibration of Drillstrings (1990)

ABSTRACT Surface and downhole boundary conditions are identified for a typical drill string using a 17.5 inch tri-cone bit. A case study is presented using surface vibration data acquired in production drilling operations in southern France. The data presented include high bandwidth force, torque and acceleration measurements, made on the surface with an instrumented sub. The sub was inserted in the drill string just below the power swivel The results include direct impedance measurements of the drilling rig in torsional and axial motion. Comparisons are made between simulated and measured impedance functions. The results also include estimates of the boundary condition at the bit in torsional and axial motion. Surface measurements are compared to simulated transfer function models of the entire drill string for torsional and axial vibration. A relative displacement source is introduced as a realistic model of the action of a tri-cone bit.
Airborne hyperspectral sensor systems (2002)

This paper presents brief profiles of 19 airborne hyperspectral sensor systems currently or nearly available for data acquisition. These systems represent various design concepts and innovations in hyperspectral information collection technology. A number of companies now have the ability to acquire data from these systems. As the scientific and commercial communities become aware of hyperspectral imaging data acquisition opportunities, more applications for this type of data will be investigated and implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-objective mobile robot path planning algorithm based on adaptive genetic algorithm (2019)

Nowadays, mobile robots are more and more widely used in some fields, such as domestic, industry, service. Global path planning is an important technology of robot autonomous navigation. It is related to running speed, running smoothness and safety of robots. In order to solve the problem of insufficient security distance provided by most algorithms, a multi-objective path planning algorithm based on adaptive genetic algorithm that considers path length, path smoothness and safety simultaneously is proposed in this paper. At first, construct navigation maps on the basis of working environments with artificial potential field. Then, several navigation paths are initialized based on the complexity of scenarios. At last, the paths are optimized by the adaptive genetic algorithm, and the optimal path considering length, smoothness and safety is obtained in the light of the Pareto frontier method. In order to achieve the optimal purpose, adaptive operator and supervisory operator were proposed to add or delete path nodes adaptively according to the map complexity. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified based on two realistic maps with different complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain secure path than other methods, while simultaneously considering length and smoothness.
Parallelism speeds data mining (1995)

Increasingly, scientists and business people are mining mountains of stored data for valuable nuggets of insight using computerized data mining (also called knowledge discovery in databases, or KDD) techniques to learn more about customer behavior, discover new quasars, and catch crooks. Data mining recognizes patterns in data and predicts patterns from the data. Today's data-mining techniques, sometimes called 'siftware', range from OLAP (online application processing) tools that query multidimensional databases, to various statistical techniques, to advanced artificial intelligence techniques like machine learning, neural networks, rule-based systems and genetic algorithms. To efficiently mine gigabytes and terabytes of data in a timely fashion, a growing number of organizations are turning to parallelism to speed up the processing. The US Department of Treasury, for example, has fielded a data-mining application that sifts through all large cash transactions reported by banks and casinos to detect potential money laundering. The application runs on a 6-processor Sun server.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monocyte attachment to activated human vascular endothelium in vitro is mediated by leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (L-selectin) under nonstatic conditions. (1992)

The receptors that mediate monocyte adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelial monolayers were assessed using a nonstatic (rotating) cell-attachment assay. In this system, leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1) (L-selectin) mediated a major portion (87 +/- 15% at 37 degrees C) of monocyte attachment to activated endothelium. mAb blocking of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (41% inhibition), CD18 (36%), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (25%) function had lesser effects on attachment. These results suggest that LAM-1 may serve an important role in monocyte attachment to endothelium at sites of inflammation.
AngioMatrix, a signature of the tumor angiogenic switch-specific matrisome, correlates with poor prognosis for glioma and colorectal cancer patients (2014)

Angiogenesis represents a rate-limiting step during tumor progression. Targeting angiogenesis is already applied in cancer treatment, yet limits of anti-angiogenic therapies have emerged, notably because tumors adapt and recur after treatment. Therefore, there is a strong need to better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumor angiogenesis. Using the RIP1-Tag2 transgenic murine model, we identified 298 genes that are deregulated during the angiogenic switch, revealing an ingression/expansion of specific stromal cell types including endothelial cells and pericytes, but also macrophages and perivascular mesenchymal cells. Canonical TGF-β signaling is up-regulated during the angiogenic switch, especially in tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts. The matrisome, comprising extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-associated molecules, is significantly enriched, which allowed us to define the AngioMatrix signature as the 110 matrisomal genes induced during the RIP1-Tag2 angiogenic switch. Several AngioMatrix molecules were validated at expression level. Ablation of tenascin-C, one of the most highly induced ECM molecules during the switch, resulted in reduced angiogenesis confirming its important role. In human glioma and colorectal samples, the AngioMatrix signature correlates with the expression of endothelial cell markers, is increased with tumor progression and finally correlates with poor prognosis demonstrating its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
A semiempirical kinetic model for removal of iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) from saturated boric acid solution by ion exchange using amberlite IR–120 resin (2015)

The removal of iron (Fe3+), originating in raw colemanite, from saturated boric acid solution is important in the production of pure boric acid. In this study, the kinetics of iron ion removal from saturated boric acid solution was studied by ion exchange technology using Amberlite IR–120, a strong acidic resin. The experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, reaction temperature, resin-to-solution ratio, and resin contact time. Optimum conditions were determined as solution pH = 1.3, reaction temperature 313 K, resin-to-solution ratio 4.9625 g/250 mL, and 20 min contact time. Under these conditions, maximum iron removal was about 99%. Also, data calculated from a mass balance equation were employed for pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was the equation which best fit the data. Furthermore the sorption mechanism was also investigated using diffusion models such as film diffusion, pore diffusion, and moving boundary process. It was found that rate limiting steps in the ion exchange reaction were both film and pore diffusion. Activation energy of the ion exchange reaction was calculated as 23.64 kJ/mol and this indicated a diffusion controlled process. Based on adsorption capacity approach, an empirical kinetic model was developed to predict operational conditions of the batch process as follows:
Use of RNA amplification and electrophoresis for studying virus aerosol collection efficiency and their comparison with plaque assays (2016)

The spread of virus-induced infectious diseases through airborne routes of transmission is a global concern for economic and medical reasons. To study virus transmission, it is essential to have an effective aerosol collector such as the growth tube collector (GTC) system that utilizes water-based condensation for collecting virus-containing aerosols. In this work, we characterized the GTC system using bacteriophage MS2 as a surrogate for a small RNA virus. We investigated using RNA extraction and reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to study the total virus collection efficiency of the GTC system. Plaque assays were also used to enumerate viable viruses collected by the GTC system compared to that by a commercially available apparatus, the SKC® Biosampler. The plaque assay counts were used to enumerate viable viruses whereas RT-PCR provides a total virus count, including those viruses inactivated during collection. The effects of relative humidity (RH) and other conditions on collection efficiency were also investigated. Our results suggest that the GTC has a collection efficiency for viable viruses between 0.24 and 1.8% and a total virus collection efficiency between 18.3 and 79.0%, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the SKC® Biosampler. Moreover, higher RH significantly increases both the viable and total collection efficiency of the GTC, while its effect on the collection efficiency of the SKC® Biosampler is not significant.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(β‐CYANOETHYL)‐1,3,2‐OXAZAPHOSPHOLANES. SYNTHESIS AND CERTAIN PROPERTIES (1976)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Phosphite (I), (V) oder (VII) mit dem Propionitr?derivat (II) erhält man die cyanäthylierten l′,3,2‐Oxazaphospholane (III) und (VI).
Multiple functional gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in formula‐fed infants and decrease their quality of life (2018)

Combined FGIDs were extremely common in infants up to six months of age and had a negative impact on breastfeeding, weight gain and QoL.
Comparison of two-equation turbulence models for boundary layers with pressure gradient (1993)

This paper compares the performance of eight low Reynolds number k-epsilon and k-omega models for high Reynolds number, incompressible turbulent boundary layers with favorable, zero, and adverse pressure gradients. Results obtained underscore the k-epsilon model's unsuitability for such flows. Even more seriously, the k-epsilon model is demonstrated to be inconsistent with the well-established physical structure of the turbulent boundary layer, and low Reynolds number corrections cannot remove the inconsistency. By contrast, the k-omega model, with and without low Reynolds number modifications, proves to be very accurate for all of the tests conducted. 16 refs.
Natural History and Prognosis of Cervical Spondylosis (1963)

It is now fi**ffftn years since cervical spondylosis was clearly defined (Brain, Knight, and Bull, 1948), but this is not long in terms of natural history, and it is not surprising that little has been written on this aspect of the disease. Brain (1962) considered that the natural tendency of cervical spondylosis was to become arrested, but most of those affected were left with a variable degree of disability. Wilkinson (1962) wrote that the prognosis of cervical spondylosis was good, provided that the condition was recognized early, appro priate treatment was given, and the patient was told how to cope with his disability.
<title>Application of communication theory to high-speed structured light illumination</title> (1997)

Structured light illumination has been used for several decades to extract three-dimensional information from surface topology. Most of the research and development has been in the light structuring methodology and the electronic processing while a unified theoretical description has been lacking. With the advent of programmable spatial light modulators having high frame rates, structured light illumination methods using spatial and temporal patterns are practical. We present structured light systems using spatial light modulation as communication systems and use communications theory in their description. This theory is applied to the specific method of successive binary light striping and the tradeoffs between surface encoding quality and processing speeds are discussed. Shannon's theorem of channel capacity provides an objective measure to evaluate some of these tradeoffs and compare a variety of different approaches to structured light illumination. Another result of our analysis is the unification of structured light projection with pattern recognition. Methods of image recognition using Fourier expansion via orthogonal pattern projection are presented. The results of this analysis establish some physical limitations which guide us to effectively utilize both the methodology and the technology applicable to both 3-D data acquisition as well as pattern recognition. Both numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate concepts.
Microelectromechanical system microbridge deflection monitoring using integrated spin valve sensors and micromagnets (2002)

Spin valve sensors are used to measure on chip, the deflection of microelectromechanical system resonators (bridges or cantilevers), with nm resolution. A spin valve sensor (10×2 μm2, MR=6.5%) was placed 3.2 μm away and 2.8 μm below the central region of an a-Si:H bridge, with a 1.2 μm air gap. The bridge movement was controlled by an applied voltage on the gate. In the undeflected state, a Co78Pt22 micromagnet (0.2 μm×18 μm×15 μm, Mrt=12.5 memu/cm2) deposited on top of the bridge, and saturated in an external field, creates a fringe field in the sensor shifting the transfer curve. An external bias field was then used to linearize the sensor response. Final sensor output versus bridge gate voltage was obtained using a low frequency square-wave gate excitation voltage (1 Hz). Bridge deflections from a few nm to 0.23 μm were detected.