gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HUMAN SPLENIC CONTRACTION ON VARIATION IN CIRCULATING BLOOD CELL COUNTS (2005)

1. The human spleen sequesters 200-250 mL densely packed red blood cells. Up to 50% of this viscous blood is actively expelled into the systemic circulation during strenuous exercise or simulated apnoea (breath-hold) diving. The contribution of splenic contraction to changes in the circulating volume of red blood cells (RBCV), as well as the venous concentration of white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT), was investigated following repeated breath-hold apnoeas. 2. Eighteen trained apnoea divers and 18 intact and six splenectomized subjects without diving experience repeated five maximal apnoeas with face immersion in cold water, with 2 min intervals between successive attempts. Venous blood samples were taken before and between consecutive apnoeas, as well as at 0, 10 and 20 min after the last breath hold. Arterial pressure, heart rate and transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide were monitored continuously. 3. Plasma protein concentration decreased by 5.8, 2.2 and 9% in apnoea divers, untrained and splenectomized subjects, respectively, indicating an expansion of plasma volume. The RBCV and venous concentration of WBC, corrected for changes in plasma volume, increased in both trained apnoea divers (4.9+/-1.0 and 14.9+/-3.1%, respectively) and intact subjects (1.7+/-0.8 and 7.2+/-1.8%, respectively), whereas in splenectomized subjects there was no change in RBCV and a delayed increase in WBC concentration. Furthermore, an initial lymphocytosis detected during repeated breath holds in divers and intact subjects was completely absent in splenectomized subjects. None of the groups showed significant changes in PLT concentrations. The well-recognized diving response to apnoea (bradycardia and increased blood pressure) was seen during all breath-hold attempts in all subjects. 4. Repeated breath-holds (apnoeas) contribute to increased RBCV and venous blood concentrations of WBC through splenic contraction.
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF MESSENGER RNA ENCODING AMYLOID-BETA-PROTEIN IN NORMAL TISSUE AND IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE (1988)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene encodes the short peptide fragment amyloid-beta-protein present in senile plaque cores, cerebrovascular amyloid, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease (AD). Using in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled RNA probes, we found distinctive patterns of APP gene expression in different regions of postmortem human brain. Strong hybridization signal for APP messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected in specific classes of neurons, fascicular oligodendroglia, satellite glia, and presumptive microglia. Weaker signal was seen in other neuronal classes, fascicular astrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, but no signal was seen in protoplasmic astrocytes. Human thymus also shows a restricted pattern of hybridization with high signal in reticular epithelial cells, and much lower signal in lymphocytes. In AD patients, neuronal hybridization for APP mRNA was specifically increased in hippocampus, but not cerebellar and visual cortex when compared to hybridization for neuron-specific enolase mRNA. Most neurons with neurofibrillary tangles had strong APP mRNA signal. These results suggest that APP gene expression is highly regulated in normal tissue, that many different cell classes in brain express the APP gene, and that neuronal expression may increase specifically in brain regions where widespread injury occurs in AD. Amyloid deposits in brains of AD patients might be explained by local production of precursor protein in endothelial cells, neurons or glia.
Topical Drug Effects on Normal and Proliferating Epidermal Cell Models (1981)

• The effects of 28 different potential antiproliferative agents applied topically to normal and hyperproliferative hairless mouse skin were studied. Epidermal cell hyperproliferation was induced by an essential fatty acid-deficient diet or by irradiation with short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) energy. Epidermal DNA synthesis was measured by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. We compared the effects of these drugs used on normal and hyperproliferative hairless mouse skin with clinical responses in patients with psoriasis treated using the same topical preparations. For most of the drugs tested, the normal and essential fatty acid-deficient mouse model effects showed a good correlation with clinical responses seen in treated patients with psoriasis. The short-wavelength UV energy-treated mouse model effects showed a poorer clinical correlation, perhaps partially caused by wide variations in DNA synthetic rates encountered in the epidermis in this model. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1981;117:394-398)
Image processing with complex wavelets (1999)

We first review how wavelets may be used for multi–resolution image processing, describing the filter–bank implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and how it may be extended via separable filtering for processing images and other multi–dimensional signals. We then show that the condition for inversion of the DWT (perfect reconstruction) forces many commonly used wavelets to be similar in shape, and that this shape produces severe shift dependence (variation of DWT coefficient energy at any given scale with shift of the input signal). It is also shown that separable filtering with the DWT prevents the transform from providing directionally selective filters for diagonal image features. Complex wavelets can provide both shift invariance and good directional selectivity, with only modest increases in signal redundancy and computation load. However, development of a complex wavelet transform (CWT) with perfect reconstruction and good filter characteristics has proved difficult until recently. We now propose the dual–tree CWT as a solution to this problem, yielding a transform with attractive properties for a range of signal and image processing applications, including motion estimation, denoising, texture analysis and synthesis, and object segmentation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐HIV‐1 Activities of 6‐Arylthio and 6‐ Arylselenoacyclonucleosides (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pressure-composition isotherms for nanocrystalline palladium hydride (1994)

We present results from Monte Carlo simulations of the pressure-composition isotherms of nanometer-size palladium clusters under hydrogen loading. In contrast to simulations of bulk samples, the clusters do not show a phase transformation upon hydriding. A study of the hydrogen loading of the clusters shows that they load the surface first and then the interior, with no evidence of a phase transformation. We relate this behavior of our models to the observed narrowing of the plateau (miscibility gap) in the phase boundary of the pressure-composition phase diagram of nanocrystalline palladium.
Automated Laser Spectrographic Pattern Matching for Aggregate Identification (2012)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project examined the feasibility of using a laser monitoring system to provide real-time data to characterize aggregate properties in a laboratory or field environment. The approach makes use of the known physical, chemical and mechanical properties and aggregate criteria as defined by AASHTO and ASTM, and correlates these properties with spectral emission data induced by a laser in a process referred to as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Deployment of such a system can provide a layer of quality control that the industry currently does not have, thereby ensuring that the transportation infrastructure is being rehabilitated or constructed using quality materials that maximize service life.
Retention of adenovirus E19 glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum is essential to its ability to block antigen presentation. (1991)

The E3/19K glycoprotein of adenovirus functions to diminish recognition of adenovirus-infected cells by major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by binding intracellular class I molecules and preventing them from reaching the plasma membrane. In the present study we have characterized the nature of the interaction between E3/19K and the H-2Kd (Kd) molecule. An E3/19K molecule genetically engineered to terminate six residues from its normal COOH terminus (delta E19), was found to associate with Kd in a manner indistinguishable from wild-type E3/19K. Unlike E3/19K, however, delta E19 was transported through the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane, where it could be detected biochemically and immunocytochemically using a monoclonal antibody specific for the lumenal domain of E3/19K. Importantly, delta E19 also differed from E3/19K in being unable to prevent the presentation of Kd-restricted viral proteins to CTLs. This is unlikely to be due to delta E19 having a lower avidity for Kd than E3/19K, since delta E19 was able to compete with E3/19K for Kd binding, both physically, and functionally in nullifying the E3/19K blockade of antigen presentation. These findings indicate that the ability of E3/19K to block antigen presentation is due solely to its ability to retain newly synthesized class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Differential expression of D1 and D2 dopamine and m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proteins in identified striatonigral neurons (1997)

Large families of genetically distinct G-protein coupled receptor subtypes mediate dopamine's (D1-D5) and acetylcholine's effects (m1-m5). A functional balance of dopamine and acetylcholine may be based in part on the differential expression of receptor subtypes by distinct neuron subpopulations. The localization of the D1 and D2 receptors, the predominant dopamine receptors in neostriatum, to distinct subpopulations of striatal projection neurons has been controversial. In addition, m4 receptor localization to specific striatal projection neuron subpopulations is also at question. To determine whether rat striatonigral neurons differentially express D1, D2, and m4 receptor proteins, we combined immunocytochemistry by using receptor subtype specific antibodies and retrograde tracing with cholera toxin-colloidal gold. D1 and m4 receptor immunoreactivity was visualized in 95% and 92% of identified striatonigral neurons, respectively. By contrast, D2 receptor immunoreactivity was visualized in only 1% of these neurons. These findings support models of basal ganglia in which D1 and D2 receptors are segregated, as well as indicate that D1 and m4 are colocalized. These cellular distributions may be important substrates for the putative DA/ACh balance that is implicated in certain movement disorders.
Interaction of Buthidazole and Acetanilide Herbicides (1981)

In field and greenhouse studies, alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] was found to antagonize buthidazole {3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone} injury to corn ( Zea mays L.) when both herbicides were preplant incorporated. Similar results were found with five of seven other acetanilide herbicides tested. The antagonism between buthidazole and alachlor also occurred with common cocklebur ( Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) and ivyleaf morningglory [ Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] but not with five other weed species. Preplant-incorporated applications of alachlor had little to no effect on the response of corn to postemergence applications of buthidazole, but alachlor increased the susceptibility of ivyleaf morningglory to postemergence applications of buthidazole. No antagonism was observed when alachlor was included in postemergence applications of buthidazole to corn or ivyleaf morningglory.
Blockade of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase and Murine Double Minute Synergistically Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via BH3-Only Proteins Puma and Bim (2010)

Molecular aberrations of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK and/or Murine double minute (MDM2)/p53 signaling pathways have been reported in 80% and 50% of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and confer poor outcome. In this study, antileukemic effects of combined MEK inhibition by AZD6244 and nongenotoxic p53 activation by MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3a were investigated. Simultaneous blockade of MEK and MDM2 signaling by AZD6244 and Nutlin-3a triggered synergistic proapoptotic responses in AML cell lines [combination index (CI) = 0.06 +/- 0.03 and 0.43 +/- 0.03 in OCI/AML3 and MOLM13 cells, respectively] and in primary AML cells (CI = 0.52 +/- 0.01). Mechanistically, the combination upregulated levels of BH3-only proteins Puma and Bim, in part via transcriptional upregulation of the FOXO3a transcription factor. Suppression of Puma and Bim by short interfering RNA rescued OCI/AML3 cells from AZD/Nutlin-induced apoptosis. These results strongly indicate the therapeutic potential of combined MEK/MDM2 blockade in AML and implicate Puma and Bim as major regulators of AML cell survival.
A photometric approach of fluorescent solar concentrators. Role of diffuse reflectors and spectral sensitivity of solar cells (1987)

A new photometric method has been developed for evaluation of the performances of fluorescent solar concentrators (FSC). This method allows to separate the relative contribution of the number of photons available at the output edge of the fluorescent plates, and the spectral matching of the radiant flux to the photovoltaic cell sensitivity. Experiments have been carried out on two plates : a plate of polymethylmethacrylate doped with an organic dye (DCM) and a ruby plate. The results show that the spectral matching to the cell sensitivity plays a minor role. The improvements in FSC efficiency thanks to diffuse reflectors are discussed in conjunction with the reabsorption effect and the defects of the matrix.
Ultra-low-power UWB for sensor network applications (2008)

Long distance, low data-rate UWB communication for sensor network applications requires a highly energy efficient transceiver combined with circuit and system-level optimizations to maximize range. A custom pulsed-UWB transceiver chipset in 90 nm CMOS is presented that targets these aggressive specifications. The transceiver efficiently communicates at data rates from 0-to-16.7 Mbps in three 550 MHz-wide channels in the 3.1 to 5 GHz band by using pulse position modulation (PPM). The transmitter uses an all-digital architecture and calibration technique to synthesize pulses with programmable width and center frequency. The non-coherent receiver operates at 0.65 V and performs channel selection Altering, energy detection, and bit-slicing. As FCC regulations limit the maximum transmit power of UWB communication, a run-length limiting technique is presented to reduce energy requirements when maximizing range at low data rates.
Phosphorus-31 NMR : principles and applications (1984)

Contributors. Preface. Introduction, D.G. Gorstein. Phosphorus-31 Chemical Shifts and Spin-Spin Coupling Constants: Principles and Empirical Observations: Phosphorus-31 Chemical Shifts: Principles and Empirical Observations, D.G. Gorenstein. Phosphorous-31 Spin-Spin Coupling Constants: Principles and Applications, D.G. Gorenstein. Theory and Applications of Phosphorus-31 NMR to Biochemistry: Phosphorus-31 NMR of Enzyme Complexes, B.D. Nageswara Rao. 31P-NMR Studies of Phosphoproteins, H.J. Vogel. Paramagnetic Probes of Enzyme Complexes with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds, J.J. Villafranca. Use of Chiral Thiophosphates and the Stereochemistry of Enzymatic Phosphoryl Transfer, M.-D. Tsai. Use of Chiral [16O, 17O, <sup18O] Phosphate Esters to Determine the Stereochemical Course of Enzymatic Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions, J.A. Gerlt. DNA and RNA Conformations, C.-W. Chen and J.S. Cohen. High-Resolution 31P-NMR Spectroscopy of Transfer Ribonuclei Acids, D.G. Gorenstein. Phosphorus-31 NMR of Drug-Nucleic Acid Complexes, D.G. Gorenstein and E.M. Goldfield. Phosphorus Relaxation Methods: Conformation and Dynamics of Nucleic Acids and Phosphoproteins, P.A. Hart. Relaxation Behavior of Nucleic Acids: Dynamics and Structure, T.L. James. Solid-State Phosphorus-31 NMR: Theory and Application to Nucleic Acids, H. Shindo. Phosphorus-31 NMR of Phospholipids in Micelles, E.A. Dennis and A. Pluckthun. Phosphorus-31 NMR of Phospholipids in Membranes, I.C.P. Smith and I.H. Ekiel. Application to Biology and Medicine: Future Directions: Two-Dimensional Phosphorus-31 NMR, W.C. Hutton. Identification of Diseased States by Phosphorus-31 NMR, M. Barany and T. Glonek . Selected Data: Appendixes: Selected Compilation of 31P-NMR Data, D.G. Gorenstein and D.O. Shah. Appendix I: Doubly Connected Phosphorus. Appendix II: Triply Connected Phosphorus. Appendix III: Quadruply Connected Phosphorus. Appendix IV: Quintuply Connected Phosphorus. Appendix V: Sextuply Connected Phosphorus. Index.
Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins to a laboratory-selected line of Heliothis virescens. (1991)

A laboratory-selected colony of Heliothis virescens displaying a 20- to 70-fold level of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis proteins was evaluated to identify mechanism(s) of resistance. Brush-border membrane vesicles were isolated from larval midgut epithelium from the susceptible and resistant strains of H. virescens. Two B. thuringiensis proteins, CryIA(b) and CryIA(c), were iodinated and shown to specifically bind to brush-border membrane vesicles of both insect strains. Multiple changes in the receptor-binding parameters were seen in the resistant strain as compared with the susceptible strain. A 2- to 4-fold reduction in binding affinity was accompanied by a 4- to 6-fold increase in binding-site concentration for both proteins. Although these two B. thuringiensis proteins competed for the same high-affinity binding site, competition experiments revealed different receptor specificity toward these proteins in the resistant H. virescens line. The H. virescens strains were not sensitive to a coleopteran-active protein, CryIIIA, nor did these proteins compete with the CryIA proteins for binding. Complexity of the mechanism of resistance is consistent with the complex mode of action of B. thuringiensis proteins.
<i>METALLOTHIONEIN</i> genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes are down-regulated in the root cortex during inducible aerenchyma formation in rice (2017)

Under waterlogged conditions, roots of gramineous plants form lysigenous aerenchyma (internal gas spaces) by inducing the death of cortical cells. Rice (Oryza sativa) roots induce aerenchyma formation through ethylene- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling. Metallothionein (MT) is a small, cysteine-rich protein that acts as a ROS scavenger. In rice roots, the expression of MT1a, MT1b, MT1c and MT1Ld were higher than those of the other MT genes. In the root cortex, where aerenchyma forms exclusively, the expression of MT1a, MT1b and MT1Ld was reduced prior to aerenchyma formation. These findings suggest that ROS accumulation in the cortex, which is aided by downregulation of MT1 genes, is needed for aerenchyma formation in rice roots.
TS-1 from First Principles (2009)

First principles studies on periodic TS-1 models at Ti content corresponding to 1.35% and 2.7% in weight of TiO(2) are presented. The problem of Ti preferential siting is addressed by using realistic models corresponding to the TS-1 unit cell [TiSi(95)O(192)] and adopting for the first time a periodic DFT approach, thus providing an energy scale for Ti in the different crystallographic sites in nondefective TS-1. The structure with Ti in site T3 is the most stable, followed by T4 (+0.3 kcal/mol); the less stable structure, corresponding to Ti in T1, is 5.6 kcal/mol higher in energy. The work has been extended to investigate models with two Ti's per unit cell [Ti(2)Si(94)O(192)] (2.7%). The possible existence of Ti-O-Ti bridges, formed by two corner-sharing TiO(4) tetrahedra, is discussed. By using cluster models cut from the optimized periodic DFT structures, both vibrational (DFT) and electronic excitation spectra (TDDFT) have been calculated and favorably compared with the experimental data available on TS-1. Interesting features emerged from excitation spectra: (i) Isolated tetrahedral Ti sites show a Beer-Lambert behavior, with absorption intensity proportional to concentration. Such a behavior is gradually lost when two Ti's occupy sites close to each other. (ii) The UV-vis absorption in the 200-250 nm region can be associated with transitions from occupied states delocalized on the framework oxygens to empty d states localized on Ti. Such extended-states-to-local-states transitions may help the interpretation of the photovoltaic activity recently detected in Ti zeolites.
A small, high-efficiency diesel generator for high-altitude use in Antarctica (2009)

We have characterised a small, high-efficiency diesel generator selected to power remote experiments on the Antarctic plateau at altitudes of up to 5000 m. We describe the design of an environmental chamber to simulate these high altitudes and present an experimental investigation of the engine operation at high altitude on Jet A-1, comparing this to the engine's performance at sea level. Although attention must be paid to the provision of adequate cooling, no modification to the engine itself is required. Our final system provides very high reliability and produces 1500 W of electrical power with a fuel consumption of 280 g kWh−1. A bank of ultracapacitors is used to start the engine in the cold environment of Antarctica. We describe the low-temperature operation and survival tests that we performed on the ultracapacitors and the engine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of Proliferative Responses of Cultured Lymphocytes (2008)

Measurement of proliferative responses of human lymphocytes is a fundamental technique for the assessment of their biological responses to various stimuli. Most simply, this involves measurement of the number of cells present in a culture before and after the addition of a stimulating agent. This unit contains several different prototype protocols to measure the proliferative response of lymphocytes following exposure to mitogens, antigens, allogeneic or autologous cells, or soluble factors. Each of these protocols can be used in conjunction with an accompanying support protocol which contains methods for pulsing cultures with [3H]thymidine and determining incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA or assessing cell proliferation by nonradioactive methods, e.g., reduction of tetrazolium salts (MTT). The protocols described here provide an estimate of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in an entire cell population, but do not provide information on the proliferation of individual cells. A protocol for CFSE labeling allows specific subpopulations of cells to be separated viably for further analysis.