gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic multiphase flow model of hydrate formation in marine sediments (2007)

We developed a multicomponent, multiphase, fluid and heat flow model to describe hydrate formation in marine sediments; the one‐ and two‐dimensional model accounts for the dynamic effects of hydrate formation on salinity, temperature, pressure, and hydraulic properties. Free gas supplied from depth forms hydrate, depletes water, and elevates salinity until pore water is too saline for further hydrate formation: Salinity and hydrate concentration increase upward from the base of the regional hydrate stability zone (RHSZ) to the seafloor, and the base of the hydrate stability zone has significant topography. In fine‐grained sediments, hydrate formation leads to rapid permeability reduction and capillary sealing to free gas. This traps gas and causes gas pressure to build up until it exceeds the overburden stress and drives gas through the RHSZ. Gas chimneys couple the free gas zone to the seafloor through high‐salinity conduits that are maintained at the three‐phase boundary by gas flow. As a result, significant amounts of gaseous methane can bypass the RHSZ, which implies a significantly smaller hydrate reservoir than previously envisioned. Hydrate within gas chimneys lies at the three‐phase boundary, and thus small increases in temperature or decreases in pressure can immediately transport methane into the ocean. This type of hydrate deposit may be the most economical for producing energy because it has very high methane concentrations ( S h > 70%), located near the seafloor, which lie on the three‐phase boundary.
Immune modulation in cancer using DNA inoculation--antitumour effect of interleukin-12. (2000)

DNA vaccines hold great promise for the prevention and therapy of infectious diseases and cancer. Furthermore, DNA has a high potential value not only for vaccination but also for therapy. Gene products which exhibit high potential biological potency, even at low levels of expression, are the most promising candidates. We have recently demonstrated that intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA coding for IL-12 abolishes the establishment of pulmonary metastases of 816F10 melanoma cells in a syngeneic mouse model. Based on these findings, we have evaluated the antitumour effect of IL-12 DNA therapy in a tumour model. Intramuscular injection of a murine IL-12-encoding DNA plasmid resulted in a pronounced reduction of tumour growth using preestablished syngeneic tumours in C57/BL6 mice. This antitumour effect correlated with a long-lasting expression of cytokines, which manifested itself as high levels of IL-12 in the serum 12 days after DNA treatment. The absence of significant toxic side effects could represent a significant advantage of IL-12 DNA therapy.
Activation of an efferent cholinergic pathway produces strong protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats* (2005)

The present results give evidence for the identification of a protective, melanocortin-activated, efferent vagal cholinergic pathway, operative in conditions of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. These data suggest that melanocortins and pertinent compounds able to activate such a pathway could provide the potential for development of a new class of drugs for a novel approach to management of ischemic heart disease.
Multiple biomarker panel to screen for severe aortic stenosis: results from the CASABLANCA study (2018)

NCT00842868.
Chicken anemia virus causes apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and of cell lines after in vitro infection (1992)

After infection of 1-day-old chickens, chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes a complete depletion of the thymic cortex by day 14. Since cell death can be caused either by necrosis or by apoptosis, we investigated which type of cell death occurs after in vivo and in vitro infections with CAV. Using electron microscopy and biochemical methods, we demonstrated that CAV induces apoptosis of cortical thymocytes after in vivo infection and of lymphoblastoid cell lines after in vitro infection. At day 13 after in vivo infection, virus-like particles were detected in apoptotic bodies that were absorbed by epithelial cells. These results show that apoptosis, a phenomenon that has been observed for a few other viruses, is also an important phenomenon during the pathogenesis of CAV.
Inhibition of Drug Precipitation in the Urinary Tract by the Use of Sulfonamide Mixtures. I. Sulfathiazole-Sulfadiazine Mixture. (1945)

SummaryIt was observed that N1-heterocyclic derivatives of sulfanilamide, even if closely related, are soluble in one and the same solution almost to the extent of their separate solubilities. Based on this observation, the toxicity and antibacterial activity of sulfadiazine-sulfathiazole mixtures was investigated. It was found that the acute and chronic toxicity of this drug combination for albino rats is strikingly low if compared with the effect of similar or identical total concentrations of either sulfathiazole or sulfadiazine alone. Evidence derived from chemical analyses and post-mortem examinations pointed to a diminution of intrarenal obstruction from drug precipitate as the chief reason for the low toxicity of the mixture. In vitro antibacterial studies showed that the effectiveness of the mixture corresponded largely to the total concentration of free sulfonamide. On the basis of these observations, the substitution at the bedside of sulfathiazole or sulfadiazine by combinations of these two co...
Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation (2020)

Commonly used evaluation measures including Recall, Precision, F-Measure and Rand Accuracy are biased and should not be used without clear understanding of the biases, and corresponding identification of chance or base case levels of the statistic. Using these measures a system that performs worse in the objective sense of Informedness, can appear to perform better under any of these commonly used measures. We discuss several concepts and measures that reflect the probability that prediction is informed versus chance. Informedness and introduce Markedness as a dual measure for the probability that prediction is marked versus chance. Finally we demonstrate elegant connections between the concepts of Informedness, Markedness, Correlation and Significance as well as their intuitive relationships with Recall and Precision, and outline the extension from the dichotomous case to the general multi-class case.
Preparation of Porous Fe from Biomorphic Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> Precursors with Wood Templates (2007)

Porous iron with woodlike microstructures was prepared from two kinds of wood templates through a developed biotemplating method in the present work. The biomorphic iron oxide was first produced through infiltration and sintering procedures, and was then reduced to the biomorphic iron in a hydrogen atmosphere at high temperatures (600°C and 1000°C). The morphologies of iron and iron oxide products were observed using SEM and FESEM, and their crystal structures were identified using X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the pure iron phase can be obtained after the reduction process and the products faithfully retained the microstructures of the corresponding wood templates.
A short synthesis of 4‐imidazolidinone (1988)

Abstract A gram‐scale, convenient, and simple synthesis of 4‐imidazolidinone ( 1a ) is described. Starting from the readily available glycinamide, 1a is obtained for the first time in a pure, solid form.
Salivary IgA subclasses and infection risk in elite swimmers (1999)

The concentrations of total IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 were measured in saliva collected from 25 elite swimmers in the early and late phases of a 7 month training season and compared with the number of respiratory infections during the season. The IgA1 concentrations in the early phase of the training season were significantly associated (P = 0.01) with the number of respiratory infection episodes during the training season. The lower the concentration of IgA1, the greater the number of infection episodes. Swimmers with four or more infections during the training season had significantly lower salivary IgA1 concentrations than those with less than four infection episodes (P = 0.01). The proportion of IgA1 in the saliva of the elite swimmers (80%) was higher than for normal non-exercising adults (60%). A small proportion of athletes had salivary IgA2 concentrations below the detection limit of the assay and the mean concentration of IgA2 was significantly lower than the concentrations for a normal adult population (P = 0.01). This study suggests that measurement of IgA subclasses, in particular IgA1, at the commencement of a training season may predict infection risk in elite swimmers.
A new method of position and heading measurement of ground vehicle by use of laser and corner cubes (1984)

This paper proposes an experimental system of position and heading finding of the ground vehicle by use of the laser and the corner cube prisms. This system is composed of; 1) three corner cubes are set on three reference points, and their co-ordinates are known previously. 2) the laser beam scanner, the laser beam receiver, the scanning angle measuring apparatus, and the micro-processor are set on the ground vehicle. 3) position and heading of vehicle are determined from the positioning informations of three reference points known previously, and the angle data of them measured using this system on the vehicle. Further, our experimental results using our proto-type experimental system are presented. Simulation results reveal that the movement of vehicle introduces the angle and positional errors, and some comments on reduction of these errors are also mentioned with discussions.
Social Glass (2015)

This demo presents Social Glass, a novel web-based platform that supports the analysis, valorisation, integration, and visualisation of large-scale and heterogeneous urban data in the domains of city planning and decision-making. The platform systematically combines publicly available social datasets from municipalities together with social media streams (e.g. Twitter, Instagram and Foursquare) and resources from knowledge repositories. It further enables the mapping of demographic information, human movement patterns, place popularity, traffic conditions, as well as citizens' and visitors' opinions and preferences with regard to specific venues in the city. Social Glass will be demonstrated through several real-world case studies, that exemplify the framework's conceptual properties, and its potential value as a solution for urban analytics and city-scale event monitoring and assessment.
Secondary structure of human plasma fibronectin: conformational change induced by calf alveolar heparan sulfates (1985)

The quantitative analysis of circular dichroic spectra of native human plasma fibronectin according to the method of Provencher and Glöckner [Provencher, S. W., & Glöckner, J. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 33-37] indicated the presence of beta-sheet (79%), beta-turn (21%), but no alpha-helix or random coil in the secondary structure. The calf alveolar heparan sulfates induced a change in the conformation of fibronectin: the magnitude of the change depended on the molecular properties of the particular heparan sulfate preparations.
Au nanoparticles on graphitic petal arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2010)

We report a unique substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on Au nanoparticle-decorated, thin graphitic petals. The petals were grown on Si substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition without catalyst, followed by Au nanoparticle decoration on the oxygen plasma-treated petals by electrodeposition. The substrates possess high surface area and sharp nanoscale features that enable high SERS sensitivity to detect 1×10−7 M rhodamine 6G in methanol solution. The obtained SERS enhancement is comparable to the best values reported in the literature and is determined to result from high surface area and increased density of Au nanoparticles on the petal surfaces.
A novel way of enhancing the electrical and thermal stability of conductive epoxy resin–carbon black composites via the Joule heating effect for heating‐element applications (2002)

Abstract The influence of Joule heating treatments and carbon black (CB) on the electrical and thermal behavior of epoxy resin composites is well described in this article. The effect of CB and Joule heating on network structure characteristics, such as shrinkability, interparticle distance between conductive particles, crosslinking density, hardness, thermoelectric power, thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion coefficient, and scanning electron microscopy, of epoxy composites was investigated. The electrical conductivity (σ) of epoxy resin correlated with the volume fraction of CB and Joule heating treatment. σ increased continuously with increasing CB content, and Joule heating increased the level of σ, which makes it attractive for electronic utilization. The σ for fresh and Joule heating samples was recorded during heating–cooling cycles. The conduction mechanism of σ for epoxy composites was identified. The activation energy and hopping energy for two batches of epoxy as a function of CB content were estimated. The hopping distance, the state density at the Fermi level, and the radius of localized wave function versus CB content were evaluated. The current–voltage–temperature characteristics of fresh and Joule heating samples of epoxy composites were demonstrated. The thermal reliability was tested by means of temperature–time characteristics when certain applied power was on and off for several cycles. The specific heat and amount of heat transfer by radiation and convection were calculated based on the energy balance model for two batches. The results indicate that the Joule heating effect is a very effective and prospective way of enhancing the electrical and thermal stability of epoxy–CB composites for consumer use as heaters and in other electronic areas such as electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 97–109, 2003
Specific reduction in osteopontin synthesis by antisense RNA inhibits the tumorigenicity of transformed Rat1 fibroblasts. (1994)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein abundant in secretory luminal epithelia (Brown et al., 1992) and in bone (Reinholt et al., 1990). It contains a functional gly-arg-gly-asp-ser (GRGDS) integrin binding domain (Oldberg et al., 1986), promotes the adhesion of a variety of cell types (Somerman et al., 1989; Brown et al., 1992) and is a ligand for the vitronectin binding integrin alpha v beta 3 (Miyauchi et al., 1991). Elevated expression of OPN correlates with tumorigenic transformation in a great variety of stromal and epithelial cell lines (Senger et al., 1980, 1983, 1989; Craig et al., 1988; Chambers et al., 1992; Chang & Prince, 1993). The protein is also present in excess in the blood of patients with metastatic disease (Senger et al., 1988). To find whether OPN contributes significantly to the tumorigenic phenotype, we expressed antisense mRNA to OPN in high OPN producing malignant B77-Rat1 fibroblasts. This caused a reduction in their OPN secretion and reduced their ability to form both lung tumors in nude mice after intravenous injection, and colonies in soft agar. Antisense transfectants also showed increased spreading on vitronectin. These observations suggest that OPN overproduction is advantageous to the metastatic phenotype, possibly by altering adhesion via, or signal transduction from, vitronectin receptors.
Integrated Chest Image Analysis System "BU-MIA" (2004)

We introduce "BU-MIA," a Medical Image Analysis system that integrates various advanced chest image analysis methods for detection, estimation, segmentation, and registration. BU-MIA evaluates repeated computed tomography (CT) scans of the same patient to facilitate identification and evaluation of pulmonary nodules for interval growth. It provides a user-friendly graphical user interface with a number of interaction tools for development, evaluation, and validation of chest image analysis methods. The structures that BU-MIA processes include the thorax, lungs, and trachea, pulmonary structures, such as lobes, fissures, nodules, and vessels, and bones, such as sternum, vertebrae, and ribs.
Developments in Hermite Polynomials (1927)

In the present paper we wish to give a brief account of an elementary treatment of developments in Hermite polynomials similar to one of developments in Legendre polynomials which we have given previously.t Because of the important application of such developments in the Gram-Charlier theory of frequency curves a discussion of this character seems desirable. A bibliography of the literature dealing with the Hermite polynomials is available in a recent article by Hille, to which we refer the reader for information concerning more elaborate and thorough discussions.+ We shall follow the notation of Hille's paper in the present one.
Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative for Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction (2010)

Human fetal BEPC transdifferentiate into corneal endothelial-like cells in vitro. Features of the induced BEPC indicated that they may be useful for the repair of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Comparison frequency doubling and charge pump matching techniques for dual-band /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N frequency synthesizer (2005)

The frequency synthesizer with two LC-VCOs is fully integrated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. In supporting dual bands, all building blocks except VCOs are shared. A current compensation scheme using a replica charge pump improves the linearity of the frequency synthesizer and, thus, suppresses spurious tones. To reduce the quantization noise from a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator and the noise from the building blocks except the VCO, the proposed architecture uses a frequency doubler with a noise-insensitive duty-cycle correction circuit (DCC) in the reference clock path. Power consumption is 37.8 mW with a 2.7-V supply. The proposed frequency synthesizer supports 10-kHz channel spacing with the measured phase noise of -114 dBc/Hz and -141 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz and 1.25-MHz offsets, respectively, in the PCS band. The fractional spurious tone at 10-kHz offset is under -54 dBc.
Optimization of Helical antennas [Antenna Designer's Notebook] (2006)

Helical antennas have been known for more than half a century, but it seems that reliable design data for helical antennas do not exist in the open literature. This paper points out some inaccurate data about helical antennas, and presents a new set of data related to the optimum design of helical antennas. The antenna's performance is optimized by varying the antenna's geometrical parameters for narrowband and broadband designs. Based on these results, a set of diagrams is provided to enable simple but accurate design of helical antennas above an infinite ground plane. Finally, the results are experimentally verified.
R-Curve Instability Calculations Of Crack Growth (1989)

Report discusses use of instability method of calculation and R-curve mathematical models to analyze growth of cracks in fracture-mechanics specimens. In case of single material and structure, such analysis sometimes simple enough to be done on pocket calculator. Where microcomputer or larger computer available, comprehensive program includes libraries of driving-force equations for various configurations and R-curve mathematical models for different materials. Author concludes instability method simple and effective and model equations studied all viable in sense at lease one of them should fit almost any applicable set of crack-growth data. Method and models constitute powerful mathematical tools for analysis of fractures.
The Application of the Genetic algorithm-Ant algorithm in the Geometric Constraint SatisfactionGuidelines (2006)

The constraint problem can be transformed to an optimization problem. We introduce GAAA (genetic algorithm-ant algorithm) in solving geometric constraint problems. We adopt genetic algorithm in the former process of algorithm so that it can make use of the fastness, randomicity and global stringency of genetic algorithm. Its result is to produce the initiatory distribution of information elements. The latter process of the algorithm we adopt ant algorithm. In the condition that there are some initiatory information elements, we can utilize fully the parallel, feedback and the high solving efficiency. Using random colony in the genetic algorithm, this can not only improve the speed of ant algorithm but also avoid getting in the local best solution when solving the precise solutions. The algorithm has a good effect in not only optimization capability but also time capability. Geometric constraint problem is equivalent to the problem of solving a set of nonlinear equations substantially
The role of 18F-FDG PET in staging and early prediction of response to therapy of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (2004)

The performances of (18)F-FDG PET and CT are comparable in staging GISTs before initiation of imatinib mesylate therapy. However, (18)F-FDG PET is superior to CT in predicting early response to therapy. Thus, (18)F-FDG PET is a better guide for imatinib mesylate therapy.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of human tumor-associated isozymes IX and cytosolic isozymes I and II with some 1,3,4-oxadiazole-thiols (2006)

A series of chiral 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiols incorporating 2-substituted-benzenesulfonamide moieties has been prepared from amino acids, via the ester and carbohydrazide intermediate, followed by cyclization with carbon disulfide. Some of these compounds have been investigated for the inhibition of three physiologically relevant carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, the human cytosolic hCA I and II, and the human, transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme hCA IX. All these compounds showed weak (millimolar) affinity for the three isozymes, except two carbohydrazides and two heterocyclic thiols which selectively inhibited the tumor-associated isozyme with inhibition constants around 10 microM. Such compounds constitute interesting lead molecules for the possible design of CA IX-selective inhibitors.
A Distributed Multi-User MIMO MAC Protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks (2008)

Multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been emerging and attracting considerable attention recently for its potential to substantially improve system capacity via space division multiple access. In this paper, we propose a distributed multi-user (MU) medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless local area networks (WLANs) with MIMO capability, using a leakage-based preceding scheme. By exploiting the multi-user degree of freedom in a MIMO system to allow the access point (AP) to communicate with multiple users in the same frequency band simultaneously, the proposed MU MAC can effectively minimize the AP-bottleneck effect in legacy WLANs. We then develop an analytical model to study the performance of the proposed MU MAC, in terms of the maximum number of users that can be supported and the network throughput. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed MU MAC significantly outperforms the single-user MAC.