gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Contributing to Petroleum Foaming. 2. Synthetic Crude Oil Systems (2002)

The influence of petroleum asphaltenes and resins on stabilizing model oil foams comprised of light mineral oil mixed with toluene (minerol) was investigated. Two factors contribute significantly to foam volume and stability: bulk viscosity and asphaltene state of aggregation. An increase in bulk viscosity was found to increase foam stability as gauged by the total time required for a foam to collapse. Asphaltene aggregation is governed primarily by the solvent aromaticity and resin/asphaltene (R/A) ratio. There is a threshold size in the state of asphaltene aggregation above which the ability of these aggregates to stabilize foams is markedly reduced. This appears to be closely related to asphaltene flocculation and precipitation at compositions beyond the solubility limit of the asphaltenes. Solvent systems generating the highest foam volume were found to reduce the air-oil surface tension to the greatest extent. Addition of an asphaltene dispersant increased the foamability of asphaltenes in minerol and seems to indicate that asphaltenes enhance foam stability when they are well dispersed or dissolved and in solvent mixtures in which they are highly surface active. By analogy to the role of asphaltenes in stabilizing emulsions, the highest foam stability was observed for asphaltenes near their solubility limit, the thermodynamic state at which asphaltenic aggregates are most surface-active. Addition of resins, similar to addition of dispersants, increased foam stability, presumably by decreasing the size of asphaltene aggregates.
Unexplained Chest Pain: The Hypersensitive, Hyperreactive, and Poorly Compliant Esophagus (1996)

In patients with chest pain and normal cardiac and esophageal evaluations, impedance planimetry of the esophagus reproduces pain and is associated with a 50% lower sensory threshold for pain, a 50% lower threshold for reactive contractions, and reduced esophageal compliance.
Broad-band emission from chromium doped germanium garnets (1982)

By varying the composition of a series of germanium garnets, it is possible to change the lattice constant of the structure over a wide range, and thus the crystal field. Three Cr-doped germanium garnets (Ca <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> , CaY <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Mg <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> , and MgY <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Mg <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> ) have been grown as single crystals. Spectroscopic results show that in these garnets the broad-band emission at room temperature is so strong that it totally dominates the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</tex> -line emission. The spectral region covered by emission from these crystals is from 700 nm to more than 1 μm. The room-temperature lifetimes range from 50 to 290μs.
Teaching technology; the continual quest (1994)

Ben Barker—winner of the inaugural Times Educational Supplement Engineering Teachers Award—teaches design and technology at a large Sheffield comprehensive school. He describes his experiences and how his pupils' views and perceptions influence his approach to the job.
Are There Any Adjudicated Streams in Montana (1957)

Are There Any Adjudicated Streams in Montana?
Amyloid-β signals through tau to drive ectopic neuronal cell cycle re-entry in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

Normally post-mitotic neurons that aberrantly re-enter the cell cycle without dividing account for a substantial fraction of the neurons that die in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We now report that this ectopic cell cycle re-entry (CCR) requires soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, the respective building blocks of the insoluble plaques and tangles that accumulate in AD brain. Exposure of cultured wild type (WT) neurons to Aβ oligomers caused CCR and activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, fyn, the cAMP-regulated protein kinase A and calcium-calmodulin kinase II, which respectively phosphorylated tau on Y18, S409 and S416. In tau knockout (KO) neurons, Aβ oligomers activated all three kinases, but failed to induce CCR. Expression of WT, but not Y18F, S409A or S416A tau restored CCR in tau KO neurons. Tau-dependent CCR was also observed in vivo in an AD mouse model. CCR, a seminal step in AD pathogenesis, therefore requires signaling from Aβ through tau independently of their incorporation into plaques and tangles.
Line scanning system for direct digital chemiluminescence imaging of DNA sequencing blots (1993)

A cryogenically cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera equipped with an area CCD array is used in a line scanning system for low-light-level imaging of chemiluminescent DNA sequencing blots. Operating the CCD camera in time-delayed integration (TDI) mode results in continuous data acquisition independent of the length of the CCD array. Scanning is possible with a resolution of 1.4 line pairs/mm at the 50% level of the modulation transfer function. High-sensitivity, low-light-level scanning of chemiluminescent direct-transfer electrophoresis (DTE) DNA sequencing blots is shown. The detection of DNA fragments on the blot involves DNA-DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and 1,2-dioxetane-based chemiluminescence. The width of the scan allows the recording of up to four sequencing reactions (16 lanes) on one scan. The scan speed of 52 cm/h used for the sequencing blots corresponds to a data acquisition rate of 384 pixels/s. The chemiluminescence detection limit on the scanned images is 3.9 x 10(-18) mol of plasmid DNA. A conditional median filter is described to remove spikes caused by cosmic ray events from the CCD images.
PTSD Symptom Clusters and Craving Differs by Primary Drug of Choice (2019)

<b>Objective:</b> Research has demonstrated a cyclical relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder. Identifying factors that link PTSD symptom clusters and substance use disorder may illuminate mechanisms underlying the PTSD-substance use disorder relationship, better informing interventions that target this comorbidity. The current study of individuals enrolled in an outpatient aftercare chemical dependency program in King County, Washington, assessed whether overall PTSD symptoms and specific PTSD symptom clusters predicted craving depending on individuals identified primary drug of choice (DOC). <b>Methods:</b> Participants eligible for the parent study were at least 18 years of age, fluent in English, medically cleared from substance withdrawal, and able to participate in treatment sessions and agreed to random assignment. Random assignment to either a mindfulness-based relapse prevention group, a standard relapse prevention group, or a treatment as usual group was conducted on a computer randomization program. A secondary analysis of baseline data was employed in the current study to determine which of the PTSD symptom clusters (avoidance, hyperarousal, and intrusion) predicted substance craving. <b>Results:</b> Covarying for severity of dependence, results suggest that overall PTSD scores predicted craving in participants who identified alcohol, stimulants, and opiates as their primary DOC. Further, avoidance-related PTSD symptoms alone predicted a significant proportion of the variability in craving in stimulant users, and hyperarousal symptoms alone predicted a significant proportion of the variability in craving in alcohol users. No specific PTSD cluster significantly predicted a proportion of the variability in craving in marijuana or opiates users. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings suggest that craving may play a role in maintaining the relationship between specific PTSD symptom clusters and substance use disorder, and the nature of this relationship may differ by primary DOC. The clinical trial on which this secondary analysis of data was conducted is registered as NCT01159535 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.The original trial from which data for this study was drawn was supported by the National Institutes of Health [NIH/NIDA 5 R01 DA025764-02].
Role of function-associated molecules in target cell lysis: analysis of rat adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells. (1994)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against fish nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) inhibit the lysis of target cells by NCC and by human and rat natural killer (NK) cells. We now show that the anti-function-associated molecule (anti-FAM) MAb 5C6 also inhibits the cytolytic activity of rat (F344) nonadherent lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and adherent LAK (ALAK) cells. Rat nylon-wool-nonadherent (NWNA) cells were cultured for 48 h in recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2). Nonadherent cells were then removed and the plastic-adherent (ALAK) cells were recultured for 9 days. Cells were daily analyzed by cytometry (using MAb 5C6 and the rat NK cell MAb 3.2.3) and cytotoxicity. Approximately 40% of the initially cultured NWNA cells, 50-60% of the LAK cells and 87-98% of the ALAK cells were positive for MAb 5C6. Tissue culture supernatants containing MAb 5C6 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cytotoxicity against P815 and YAC-1 targets. Approximately 50% inhibition was obtained at MAb concentrations of 1.25-2.5 micrograms/ml. Maximum inhibition of ALAK cytotoxicity was 86% on day 4 of culture. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of acetone-precipitated cell membrane preparations identified a 55-kD molecule (pI 6.1-6.3) on NWNA and ALAK cells and an additional slightly more acidic 45-kD protein on ALAK cells. These data indicate that rat ALAK cells may initiate lysis of target cells via receptor binding.
Similarity of Joint Kinematics and Muscle Demands Between Elliptical Training and Walking: Implications for Practice (2009)

Although one of the elliptical trainers best simulated sagittal-plane walking kinematics, EMG analysis failed to identify one clearly superior device. This research provides evidence-based data to help guide clinical decision making related to the use of elliptical trainers across the health care continuum and into the community.
The role of traffic forecasting in QoS routing - a case study of time-dependent routing (2005)

QoS routing solutions can be classified into two categories, state-dependent and time-dependent, according to their awareness of the future traffic demand in the network. Compared with representative state-dependent routing algorithms, a time-dependent variation of WSP - TDWSP - is proposed in this paper to study the role of traffic forecasting in QoS routing, by customizing itself for a range of traffic demands. Our simulation results confirm the feasibility of traffic forecasting in the context of QoS routing, which empowers TDWSP to achieve better routing performance and to overcome QoS routing difficulties, even though completely accurate traffic prediction is not required. The case study involving TDWSP further reveals that even a static forecast can remain effective over a large area in the solvable traffic demand space, if the network topology and the peak traffic value are given. Thus, the role of traffic forecasting in QoS routing becomes more prominent.
ORDERING OF LABORATORY WORK IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC BURN PATIENTS (1993)

A large number of laboratory tests are often ordered in the management of acutely burned patients. Administration of large volumes of fluid and frequent ventilator changes prompt many facilities to utilize ordering protocols. Forty-five consecutive acutely burned pediatric patients with burns measuring 25% or more of total body surface area (TBSA) sustained within 24 hours before admission were reviewed. Laboratory determinations were made at each shift and as indicated by changes in condition. Abnormal or critical values during the first 5 postinjury days were identified for electrolytes, renal function indices, complete blood counts (CBCs), glucose, and arterial blood gas (ABG) levels. Blood drawn for the laboratory tests was also measured. In the first 5 days postburn a total of 8303 laboratory determinations were made. Of these, 186 produced abnormal values. Four were critical values that were not expected from previous determinations. Of the four unexpected critical values obtained, two would have been picked up by our present standard noninvasive monitors. Six percent of estimated blood volume was used to perform laboratory tests. These results demonstrate that significant abnormal laboratory values are uncommon even in severely injured pediatric burn patients and that the ordering of these tests should be individualized based on patient examination and the use of noninvasive monitoring.
Multiple primary cancers in Hong Kong Chinese patients with squamous cell cancer of the head or neck (1992)

This report emphasizes the importance of esophagoscopy in the initial assessment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head or neck.
Microtubule-associated protein 2 alters the dynamic properties of microtubule assembly and disassembly (1993)

The influence of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) on the dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly from axonemal fragments was characterized in vitro in solutions of pure tubulin and varying concentrations of MAP2. A mechanistic description of interactions between MAP2 and individual microtubules was developed from analysis of recorded images obtained by video-enhanced differential-interference-contrast light microscopy. MAP2 decreased the rates and lengths of shortening events and decreased the frequency of transitions between growth and shortening over a wide range of concentrations, thereby producing the increases in net microtubule growth previously described by light-scattering techniques. Increases in rates and lengths of elongation phases, as well as rescue frequencies (i.e. transition from shortening to growth), were observed under conditions in which microtubules are expected to be saturated with MAP2. During early stages of nucleated assembly, MAP2 greatly increased the number of microtubules growing from a given axoneme and caused elongation of "curved" structures which may be sheet-like microtubules.
A DRM architecture to distribute and protect digital contents using digital licenses (2005)

This article proposes an architecture for distributing and managing digital contents, combining traditional access control and digital rights management (DRM) aspects, which executes the content usage control. The architecture defines security policies to establish access rights to protected content and to establish licenses to control the use of digital contents at the client side. This work also defines two models: a model for the authorization and rights distribution entity and a model for the license creation, distribution and management entity. Prototypes are implemented using XML-based technologies, which facilitate the integration of different modules of the architecture.
Captopril and lisinopril suppress production of interleukin-12 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1998)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have immunomodulatory functions and can suppress a number of proinflammatory, monocyte/macrophage-derived cytokines. Interleukin-12 is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages, which plays an essential role in cell mediated immunity and stimulates the development of T helper type 1 immune responses. In this study, we investigated the ability of ACE inhibitors, captopril and lisinopril, to suppress IL-12 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We show that both ACE inhibitors significantly inhibit production of IL-12 by PBMC stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC). Although both ACE inhibitors also suppressed IFN-gamma production by human anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated T-cells, the addition of exogenous IFN-gamma to the PBMC stimulation medium does not abrogate the ability of ACE inhibitors to suppress IL-12 production. Inhibition of IL-12 was not associated with inhibition of IL-1beta, but correlated with the suppression of ACE. Therefore, suppression of IL-12 may contribute to the immunomodulatory effect of ACE inhibitors and may be responsible for the beneficial effect of captopril and other ACE inhibitors in inflammatory or autoimmune conditions in which IL-12 is involved.
Medicine and Multimedia: The National Research Register (1998)

NHS Executive

  The public pays for the NHS, and for the NHS research and development programme. This is more than adequate justification for making information on research projects taking place within the NHS publicly available. The National Research Register is a CD ROM containing five research databases: (a) a database of projects funded by the NHS Executive, (b) a database of trials funded by the Medical Research Council, (c) a register of research registers, (d) a register of reviews in progress, and (e) a database of health related research at the two centres at the University of York.

National Research Register is no Playstation. In fact, it’s duller than ditch water, and a browse before bedtime is as good as a hot bath for bringing on sleep. Then again, Das Kapital was dull yet it spawned a revolution. Indeed, the challenge with this CD is to consider the promise not the product.

Imagine future research participants dipping into the projects database to discover the status of the projects in which they took part, including when and where they can find the results. Or future patients, mindful of their social responsibility to contribute to resolving uncertainties about treatment effectiveness, scanning the database of ongoing trials to see if they can take part in any. And perhaps the taxpaying public of the future will audit research funding, and write indignant letters to regional directors of research and development when they stumble on trivial research funded with public money.

Together, these developments might challenge the outdated notion that health research is owned by funders and investigators rather than those from whose health experience new knowledge is constructed. But the National Research Register has a long way to go. The projects database is incomplete, with only non-commercial research listed; the database of MRC clinical trials contains only 168 trials (don’t expect to find Sir Austin Bradford Hill and streptomycin here); and the register of registers does not include the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, a startling omission considering that this is the largest register of randomised trials in existence. However, this project has recently been revamped, with a new improved version of the National Research Register planned for early next year. Rome was not built in a day, and this CD ROM will take some building too.
Studies on peptides. CXXI. Nin-Mesitylenesulfonyltryptophan, a new derivative for peptide synthesis. (1984)

The mesitylenesulfonyl (Mts) group was introduced at the Nin of tryptophan by Illi's method. This group is stable under various conditions required for practical peptide synthesis, such as treatments with dil. alkali, hydrazine hydrate, TFA and even 4 N HCl-dioxane or 25% HBr-AcOH. HF is not able to remove this protecting group, but it can be smoothly cleaved by 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid/TFA or methanesulfonic acid. The usefulness of this new tryptophan derivative, Trp (Mts), for practical peptide synthesis was demonstrated by the synthesis of cholecystokinin-heptapeptide as an example.
Carbon nanocluster-based superhard materials (2002)

1Joint Research Consortium of Frontier Carbon Technology, JFCC, c/o AIST, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan 2Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan 3Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow reg., 142190, Russia 4Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, 7A Centralnaja Street, Troitsk, Moscow reg., 142190, Russia
Machine Learning for Human Motion Analysis and Gesture Recognition (2012)

In this thesis, we investigate machine learning methods for human motion analysis. We introduce algorithms for human pose estimation and activity recognition that do not rely on classical cameras and that can cope with noisy and incomplete input data. We propose methods that capture human movements using body-worn inertial sensors or using a depth camera. In a training phase, the measurements from these modalities are complemented with precise motion data recorded with a camera-based system. We present a novel technique for learning human motion models from this data using non-linear dimesionality reduction and regression, enabling human pose estimation and activity recognition given only the inertial sensor or depth data. As an application scenario, we present a customizable method for gesture-based interaction in the operating room that fills an existing gap, as confirmed by surgeons.
Optical fiber sensor system embedded in a member subject to relatively arbitrary loads (1995)

A method of solution to the general problem of the behavior of a Mach-Zehnder type optical fiber sensor system (OFSS) embedded in a noncircular cross-sectioned solid structural member is presented. The member is subject to relatively arbitrary loads and their combinations including axial tension, bending, and uniform lateral pressure. The discussion is based on influence region analysis. The expressions for the axial and bending load induced fiber strains are simplified within 99% accuracy. The sensitivity of a three-fiber system is studied by comparing six different cases of coating material combinations, and some conclusions useful in fiber sensor design are reached. The entire work is performed under the regime of linear elasticity.
[Comparison of the biodistribution and PET imaging with (11)C-PDT and (18)F-FDG in the mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma]. (2010)

The uptake of (11)C-PDT in lung cancer is higher than that in muscle tissues, and pulmonary cancers can be detected by PET imaging. (11)C-PDT may be a promising PET tracer for lung cancers.