gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of a nutrient mixture on infectious properties of the highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus A/H5N1 (2008)

Numerous outbreaks of avian influenza virus infection (A/H5N1) have occurred recently, infecting domestic birds, chicken and ducks. The possibility of the emergence of a new strain of influenza virus capable of causing a pandemic in humans is high and no vaccine effective against such a strain currently exists. A unique nutrient mixture (NM), containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, green tea extract, N-acetyl cysteine, selenium among other micro nutrients, has been shown to exert a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects, including an inhibitory effect on replication of influenza virus and HIV. This prompted us to investigate the potential anti-viral activity of a nutrient mixture (NM) and its components on avian influenza virus A/H5N1at viral dosages of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01 TCID(50). Antiviral activity was studied in cultured cell lines PK, BHK-21, and Vero-E6. Virus lysing activity was determined by co-incubation of virus A/H5N1 with NM for 0-60 min, followed residual virulence titration in cultured SPEV or BHK-21 cells. NM demonstrated high antiviral activity evident even at prolonged periods after infection. NM antiviral properties were comparable to those of conventional drugs (amantadine and oseltamivir); however, NM had the advantage of affecting viral replication at the late stages of the infection process.
Evaluation of selective inhibition of canine cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 by carprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1998)

The selectivity of carprofen for canine COX2 may be an important factor for its use in dogs.
Resource Exchange in the Rhizosphere: Molecular Tools and the Microbial Perspective (2006)

The interface between living plant roots and soils (the rhizosphere) is a central commodities exchange, where organic carbon flux from roots fuels decomposers that, in turn, can make nutrients available to roots. This ongoing exchange operates in the path of vast, transpiration-driven water flow. How the spatio-temporal patterning in resource availability around plant roots affects rhizosphere community composition, activity, and nutrient cycling remains unknown. This review considers how molecular approaches contribute to the exploration of rhizosphere resource exchange, highlighting several recently developed methods linking microbial identity with substrate uptake and gene expression. In particular, strengths and weaknesses of genetically engineered bioreporters are discussed, because currently they alone provide in situ spatio-temporal information at scales of rhizosphere organisms. The soil spatial context is an emerging frontier in ecological soils research. We conclude with parallels linking empirical investigation in the rhizosphere with the quest for understanding general rhizosphere function in Earth's diverse ecosystems.
Growth and Characterization of Polarized Monolayers of Epididymal Epithelial Cells and Sertoli Cells in Dual Environment Culture Chambers (1986)

Epididymal epithelial cells isolated from mature rats and Sertoli cells isolated from 10-day-old rats were cultured in serum-free defined media on extracellular matrix impregnated filters maintained in dual environment culture chambers. Epididymal epithelial cells had a polarized appearance only when plated at high density (greater than 1 X 10(6) cells/cm2). Confluent monolayers of these cells formed a permeability barrier to inulin. Sertoli cells were columnar and highly polarized when grown on extracellular matrix-impregnated filters, cuboidal when grown on filters alone, and squamous when grown on plastic. Confluent polarized monolayers of these cells excluded the electron-dense tracer lanthanum nitrate by way of basal-tight junctions. Therefore, polarized monolayers of epididymal epithelial cells and Sertoli cells can be obtained by growing the cells at high density on extracellular matrix-impregnated permeable supports. By maintaining the monolayers in specially constructed culture chambers, the cells can develop a permeability barrier, and are able to achieve the separation of apical from basal compartments so important for their function in vivo.
Muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise: effect of the glycemic index of carbohydrate feedings (1993)

The effect of the glycemic index (GI) of postexercise carbohydrate intake on muscle glycogen storage was investigated. Five well-trained cyclists undertook an exercise trial to deplete muscle glycogen (2 h at 75% of maximal O2 uptake followed by four 30-s sprints) on two occasions, 1 wk apart. For 24 h after each trial, subjects rested and consumed a diet composed exclusively of high-carbohydrate foods, with one trial providing foods with a high GI (HI GI) and the other providing foods with a low GI (LO GI). Total carbohydrate intake over the 24 h was 10 g/kg of body mass, evenly distributed between meals eaten 0, 4, 8, and 21 h postexercise. Blood samples were drawn before exercise, immediately after exercise, immediately before each meal, and 30, 60, and 90 min post-prandially. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately after exercise and after 24 h. When the effects of the immediate postexercise meal were excluded, the totals of the incremental glucose and insulin areas after each meal were greater (P < or = 0.05) for the HI GI meals than for the LO GI meals. The increase in muscle glycogen content after 24 h of recovery was greater (P = 0.02) with the HI GI diet (106 +/- 11.7 mmol/kg wet wt) than with the LO GI diet (71.5 +/- 6.5 mmol/kg). The results suggest that the most rapid increase in muscle glycogen content during the first 24 h of recovery is achieved by consuming foods with a high GI.
An improved method for the rapid isolation of brain ribonucleic acid (1979)

An improved one-step method for the extraction of RNA from rat brain is described. Fresh or frozen tissue is disrupted in the powerful protein denaturant guanidine thiocyanate, and RNA isolated by ultracentrifugation through CsCl. The procedure is advantageous in that it is relatively simple, is rapid and does not expose the sample to enzyme treatments or repeated organic extractions.
Orientation of Heparin-binding Sites in Native Vitronectin (1999)

A primary heparin-binding site in vitronectin has been localized to a cluster of cationic residues near the C terminus of the protein. More recently, secondary binding sites have been proposed. In order to investigate whether the binding site originally identified on vitronectin functions as an exclusive and independent heparin-binding domain, solution binding methods have been used in combination with NMR and recombinant approaches to evaluate ligand binding to the primary site. Evaluation of the ionic strength dependence of heparin binding to vitronectin according to classical linkage theory indicates that a single ionic bond is prominent. It had been previously shown that chemical modification of vitronectin using an arginine-reactive probe results in a significant reduction in heparin binding (Gibson, A., Baburaj, K., Day, D. E., Verhamme, I. , Shore, J. D., and Peterson, C. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 5112-5121). The label has now been localized to arginine residues within the cyanogen bromide fragment-(341-380) that contains the primary heparin-binding site on vitronectin. One- and two-dimensional NMR on model peptides based on this primary heparin-binding site indicate that an arginine residue participates in the ionic interaction and that other nonionic interactions may be involved in forming a complex with heparin. A recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the C-terminal 129 amino acids of vitronectin exhibits heparin-binding affinity that is comparable to that of full-length vitronectin and is equally effective at neutralizing heparin anticoagulant activity. Results from this broad experimental approach argue that the behavior of the primary site is sufficient to account for the heparin binding activity of vitronectin and support an exposed orientation for the site in the structure of the native protein.
Experimental osteoporosis--different methods of ovariectomy in female white rats. (2004)

The operation, performed in the second group, was technically easier, less time consuming and less harmful for the used female white rats.
<title>Intelligent variable-resolution laser scanner for the space vision system</title> (1991)

A newly developed laser range scanner which can identify and locate targets attached to a satellite is described. This identification can be performed even with the sun shining directly into the sensor. The sensor makes use of two high-speed galvanometers to address individual pixels in a high-resolution large field of view. Specular reflections and background illumination problems are eliminated by proper signal processing and an optical interference filter. Very fast tracking of the object is implemented using Lissajous-type scanning figures.
Surfaces generated by moving least squares methods (1981)

An analysis of moving least squares (m.l.s.) methods for smoothing and interpolating scattered data is presented. In particular, theorems are proved concerning the smoothness of interpolants and the description of m.l.s. processes as projection methods. Some properties of compositions of the m.l.s. projector, with projectors associated with finiteelement schemes, are also considered. The analysis is accompanied by examples of univariate and bivariate problems.
Vortex-liquid entanglement in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Bi</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CaCu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films in the presence of quenched disorder (1998)

We have investigated the thermally activated behavior of the in-plane electrical resistivity of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films for magnetic fields $B<~{10}^{4}\mathrm{G}$ applied parallel to the $c$ axis. The activation energy in the vortex-liquid state changes suddenly at a crossover field ${B}_{\mathrm{cr}}.$ The anisotropy reduction generated by oxygen annealing leads to the increase of the crossover field. For $B<{B}_{\mathrm{cr}},$ the activation energy $U$ is weakly magnetic-field dependent. For $B>{B}_{\mathrm{cr}},$ $U(B,T)\ensuremath{\sim}(1\ensuremath{-}{T/T}_{c0}{)/B}^{1/2},$ which corresponds to an entangled vortex fluid. The observation of vortex-liquid entanglement in the presence of relevant quenched disorder is discussed in connection with the relation between the theoretically predicted entanglement length for a clean system and the collective pinning length along the field direction. Our results suggests that, in the case of a pronounced anisotropy and significant collective pinning, the entanglement field ${B}_{E}{=B}_{\mathrm{cr}}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}/{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}{s}^{2},$ where $s$ is the interlayer spacing.
Anatomical Study of Cutaneous Venous Flow of the Sole (2007)

In planning the medial plantar flap, taking the vascular arrangement into consideration is considered to help the flap to avoid venous congestion and to extend the skin portion.
Autoclave Foaming of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Using Carbon Dioxide: Impact of Crystallization on Cell Structure (2007)

The purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of the main mechanisms controlling the foaming of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a semi-crystalline biodegradable polymer, using batch processing and CO 2 as the physical blowing agent. A detailed study of the dissolution of CO 2 is conducted in order to establish its impact on the transition temperatures of PCL. In a following step, particular attention is paid to the effects of crystallization on cell structure. This foam structure is subsequently linked to the processing window, expressed in terms of the processing temperature with respect to the shifted crystallization temperature and modified crystallization kinetics of PCL. The effects of talc addition on PCL crystallization and foam structure are also investigated, as talc is expected to modify the nucleation rate of crystallites and cells.
Distribution and abundance of dust mites within homes (1998)

The distribution and abundance of dust mites can be modelled on three scales: the microhabitat scale (different habitats within homes), the macrohabitat scale (between homes), and the regional scale. This paper focuses on the first. Those parts of a home in which dust mite populations thrive will tend to be homogeneous in respect of key habitat suitability determinants. The more widespread such determinants, the greater the risk of high mite populations and allergen load. Habitat suitability determinants include an adequate textile substratum, optimal temperature and humidity, and food resources of appropriate quality, as well as other, currently unknown, requirements. Each determinant will have a characteristic distribution within any home, and they can be conceptualized as a series of overlays, or three-dimensional Venn diagrams, with the areas of overlap representing the most suitable sites for mite survival. That a population of dust mites is focused by constraining biotic and abiotic determinants means that spatial and temporal distribution and abundance are predictable, because the characteristics of the principal foci define optimal conditions for population growth. This concept, known as "focality", provides a framework for prediction of sites of high density of mite population and allergen exposure, as well as a basis for manipulating the microenvironment for control purposes.
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN THE PROPAGATION OF ELASTIC WAVES IN SOLIDS (1971)

Expanded version of a paper delivered at the scientific session of the Division of General Physics and Astronomy of the USSR Academy of Sciences on 16 January 1969.
Nonsubtractive spiral phase contrast velocity imaging (1999)

Phase contrast velocity imaging is a standard method for accurate in vivo flow measurement. One drawback, however, is that it lengthens the scan time (or reduces the achievable temporal resolution) because one has to acquire two or more images with different flow sensitivities and subtract their phases to produce the final velocity image. Without this step, non-flow-related phase variations will give rise to an erroneous, spatially varying background velocity. In this paper, we introduce a novel phase contrast velocity imaging technique that requires the acquisition of only a single image. The idea is to estimate the background phase variation from the flow-encoded image itself and then have it removed, leaving only the flow-related phase to generate a corrected flow image. This technique is sensitive to flow in one direction and requires 50% less scan time than conventional phase contrast velocity imaging. Phantom and in vivo results were obtained and compared with those of the conventional method, demonstrating the new method's effectiveness in measuring flow in various vessels of the body. Magn Reson Med 42:704-713, 1999.
Eigenvectors, diagonal loading and white noise gain constraints for robust adaptive beamforming (2004)

In this paper, the use of Initial diagonal loading in addition to a white noise gain constraint (WNGC) is investigated for robust adaptive beamforming. The WNGC controls both the amount of self-nulling loss and the resolving capability. The fundamental problem with WNGC is the setting of the maximum WNG must vary to achieve satisfactory self-nulling protection for different levels of array errors. Since array errors are usually not known precisely, the WNGC is set overly conservative to avoid self-nulling losses causing degraded resolution performance. Initial diagonal loading is a means of preventing self-nulling losses on weak signals and allows the WNGC setting to be much more aggressive, thus improving resolution. The philosophy behind the approach is to use initial diagonal loading to protect weak signals and the WNGC to preserve other stronger signals for which a small amount of self-nulling loss is tolerated. In addition, the performance of this robust ABF approach using WNGC with initial diagonal loading is compared to robust ABF methods that model steering vector uncertainties.
Air Film System for Handling Semiconductor Wafers (1979)

In an automated fabrication facility, the thin, fragile silicon wafers in which semiconductor circuits are formed must be transported to and from processing stations with a minimum of contact with other solid objects so as to minimize damage, contamination, and consequent lowering of product yield. This task has been undertaken for some time now, in IBM and elsewhere, by systems based on a lubricating film of air as a means for levitating and moving wafers. However, due to inherent motion instabilities and specific control needs, some solid contact is typically involved in effecting prescribed wafer motion. The need for solid contact control is greatly reduced by the air film system described in this paper. It is based on a surface configuration that combines two fluid mechanics phenomena to generate a supporting air film that provides and guides wafer motion. Wafer transportation and positioning are achieved with the air film operating in conjunction with special control device techniques.
Ray matrices for tilted interfaces in laser resonators (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J.-P. Taché, "Ray matrices for tilted interfaces in laser resonators," Appl. Opt. 26, 427-429 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High sensitivity third-order autocorrelation measurement by intensity modulation and third harmonic detection (2011)

We demonstrate a novel (to our knowledge) method for high sensitivity measurement of pulsed light at the telecommunication wavelength of 1558 nm using a GaAsP photomultiplier tube. By modulating the input power and analyzing the harmonic components, high sensitivity third-order autocorrelation is obtained in the wavelength and power regimes where a mixture of two-photon absorption and three-photon absorption in the photomultiplier tube is present.
Chemical reactions under the influence of an electrical discharge. I. The action of the discharge on hexamethyldisiloxane and tetramethylsilane (1966)

Abstract A method is described in detail whereby volatile organosilicon compounds may be condensed to oligomeric and polymeric products by an electrical discharge in an apparatus of the ozonizer type, operating at 50 c/s and capable of handling up to 500 g of starting material. Hexamethyldisiloxane has been investigated in detail. A series of pure compounds representing all stable products having molecular weights in the range from 176 to 368 which were formed in yields of 0.1 % or higher of the total discharge product, were isolated by means of preparative scale gas-liquid chromatography and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A similar series of products from tetramethylsilane, having molecular weights within the range of values from 102 to 174 were isolated and characterized. Mechanisms leading to the formation of these compounds are proposed on the basis of their structure and abundance. Conversion factors as high as 94% have been achieved. The same method provides a degree of control over the nature of the products. Resinous solids as well as heavy and light oils may be obtained in varying proportion.
Development of wound infections among women undergoing cesarean section. (1988)

Sixty consecutive wound infections were studied among 1104 women undergoing cesarean section. Wound infections caused by cervical-vaginal flora were associated with prolonged labor, particularly with greater duration of fetal monitoring and number of vaginal examinations, and with organisms isolated from the endometrium at cesarean section. In contrast, women with wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus had neither prolonged labor nor S aureus isolated at cesarean section. The 25% of wound infections associated with S aureus represent potentially preventable conditions that presumably arise from exogenous sources.
Insecticidal Activity Associated with the Outer Membrane Vesicles of <i>Xenorhabdus nematophilus</i> (2003)

Xenorhabdus nematophilus secretes a large number of proteins into the culture supernatant as soluble proteins and also as large molecular complexes associated with the outer membrane. Transmission electron micrographs of X. nematophilus cells showed that there was blebbing of the outer membrane from the surface of the bacterium. The naturally secreted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were purified from the culture supernatant of X. nematophilus and analyzed. Electron microscopy revealed a vesicular organization of the large molecular complexes, whose diameters varied from 20 to 100 nm. A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile of the vesicles showed that in addition to outer membrane proteins, several other polypeptides were also present. The membrane vesicles contained lipopolysaccharide, which appeared to be of the smooth type. Live cells of X. nematophilus and the OMV proteins derived from them exhibited oral insecticidal activity against neonatal larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. The proteins present in the OMVs are apparently responsible for the biological activity of the OMVs. The soluble proteins left after removal of the OMVs and the outer membrane proteins also showed low levels of oral toxicity to H. armigera neonatal larvae. The OMV protein preparations were cytotoxic to Sf-21 cells in an in vitro assay. The OMV proteins showed chitinase activity. This is the first report showing toxicity of outer membrane blebs secreted by the insect pathogen X. nematophilus into the extracellular medium.
Cloning of the flagellin gene from Bacillus subtilis and complementation studies of an in vitro-derived deletion mutation (1989)

The flagellin promoter and structural gene from Bacillus subtilis I168 was cloned and sequenced. The amino-terminal protein sequence deduced from the coding sequence of the cloned gene was identical to that of the amino terminus of purified flagellin, indicating that the export of this protein is not directed by a posttranslationally processed N-terminal signal peptide. A sequence that was homologous to that of a consensus sigma 28 RNA polymerase recognition site lay upstream of the proposed translational start site. Amplification of this promoter region on a multicopy plasmid resulted in the formation of long, filamentous cells that accumulated flagellin intracellularly. The chromosomal locus containing the wild-type flagellin allele was replaced with a defective allele of the gene (delta hag-633) that contained a 633-base-pair deletion. Transport analysis of various flagellin gene mutations expressed in the hag deletion strain suggest that the extreme C-terminal portion of flagellin is functionally involved in export of the protein.