gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Hovering Altitude of a Quadrotor with Shifted Centre of Gravity for Inspection of High-Rise Structures (2014)

Control of Hovering Altitude of a Quadrotor with Shifted Centre of Gravity for Inspection of High-Rise Structures Alexej Bulgakov, Sergey Emelianov, Thomas Bock, Daher Sayfeddine Pages 762-767 (2014 Proceedings of the 31st ISARC, Sydney, Australia, ISBN 978-0-646-59711-9, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles are specialized robots. Recently they were used in many civil applications such as patrolling, firefighting, rescuing tasks and being the shadow cinematographer in many movie-making companies. The new developments in material technology led to new sophisticated, miniature range of sensors and actuators, which are able to substitute gyroscopes and accelerometers. In light of this, new miniature aerial vehicles appeared in the market. Micro-UAV (MUAV) is able to infiltrate sites, where the bigger aerial robots could not. It is more maneuverable and recently is becoming able to fly to new altitudes. This allow the MUAV to be used for site scanning, to perform or assist in photogrammetry procedures in light to create 3D building models and maps. The future of the MUAV seems to be existing: In relation to medical field, the aerial robot is being used to perform radiation leakage test that, is done manually in most of the hospitals. It is also planned to be used to deliver lightweight goods within the city. The versatility and adaptability of the miniature aerial robot creates new requirements for stability, maneuverability and speed. In this paper, we offer to study the quadrotor while inspecting high-rise structures using simulations. As the quadrotor is vertical take-off and landing vehicle, it is very important to analyze the effect of the altitude on the stability of in order to create control algorithm able to maintain the necessary hovering position of the quadrotor. A better stabilization leads to better scanning results and high quality captured images. Keywords: Inspecting structures, Quadrotor, Optimized Control System, Simulation DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2014/0103 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Universal high-speed digital computers: a decimal storage system (1953)

The paper describes three methods of storing decimal digits, which are extensions of the well-known method of storing binary digits using a cathode-ray-tube store.7 It is shown that one of these methods, which uses ten separate but small elements of the cathode-ray-tube screen, provides the best compromise between speed of operation, digit storing capacity and reliability.A complete serially-controlled cathode-ray-tube store holding 32 words of 8 decimal digits has been operated successfully. The digit period was 40 microsec, and could be conveniently reduced to 30 microsec if desired. These results compare favourably with those for the binary store used in the Manchester University computing machine.In the Appendix it is shown that the preferred decimal system may be derived from a new binary system of storage.
Impaired Bladder Function in Aging Male Rats (2010)

Physiological aging alters bladder function in male rats even when external factors remain constant. Thus, in old rats bladder capacity, post-void residual urine and spontaneous activity are higher, and responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation and electrical field stimulation are lower than in young rats. Such changes correspond to findings in aging human bladders, supporting the view that the Fischer/Brown Norway rat is a useful model in which to study age related bladder function changes.
New auxin analogs with growth-promoting effects in intact plants reveal a chemical strategy to improve hormone delivery (2008)

Plant growth depends on the integration of environmental cues and phytohormone-signaling pathways. During seedling emergence, elongation of the embryonic stem (hypocotyl) serves as a readout for light and hormone-dependent responses. We screened 10,000 chemicals provided exogenously to light-grown seedlings and identified 100 compounds that promote hypocotyl elongation. Notably, one subset of these chemicals shares structural characteristics with the synthetic auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA); however, traditional auxins (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid [IAA], 2,4-D, 1-NAA) have no effect on hypocotyl elongation. We show that the new compounds act as "proauxins" akin to prodrugs. Our data suggest that these compounds diffuse efficiently to the hypocotyls, where they undergo cleavage at varying rates, releasing functional auxins. To investigate this principle, we applied a masking strategy and designed a pro-2,4-D. Unlike 2,4-D alone, this pro-2,4-D enhanced hypocotyl elongation. We further demonstrated the utility of the proauxins by characterizing auxin responses in light-grown hypocotyls of several auxin receptor mutants. These new compounds thus provide experimental access to a tissue previously inaccessible to exogenous application of auxins. Our studies exemplify the combined power of chemical genetics and biochemical analyses for discovering and refining prohormone analogs with selective activity in specific plant tissues. In addition to the utility of these compounds for addressing questions related to auxin and light-signaling interactions, one can envision using these simple principles to study other plant hormone and small molecule responses in temporally and spatially controlled ways.
Optimizing p-type ultra-shallow junctions for the 65 nm CMOS technology node (2002)

The limits of using B or BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> alone in forming ultrashallow junctions have been reached for the 90 nm CMOS generation. In this paper we evaluate the use of Ge and F co-implants to extend conventional implantation and spike anneal to the 65 nm CMOS technology node. In this work we show that the F co-implant can improve the abruptness of the B junction, while the single Ge usually degrades it. The use of Ge co-implanted with F gives the best junction abruptness - less than 5nm/decade. The best trade-off between junction depth (Xj) and sheet resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet</sub> ) is achieved by deep Ge pre-amorphization and deep co-implantation of F. A comparison between slow and fast ramp-up is made. Significant improvement for the junction activation, its depth and abruptness is obtained by spike anneal with fast ramp-up for B junctions with Ge and F co-implantation.
Phase matching in second-harmonic generation using artificial periodic structures (1973)

The use of artificial periodic structures, consisting of spatial modulations of the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of a nonlinear optical medium, to achieve phase matching in second-harmonic generation is analyzed. Dispersion relations and approximate formulas for the second-harmonic fields generated under various conditions are obtained and used to evaluate the experimental situation.
Exploitation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reporter Strains to Probe the Impact of Vaccination at Sites of Infection (2014)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major public health problem, with an effective vaccine continuing to prove elusive. Progress in vaccination strategies has been hampered by a lack of appreciation of the bacterium's response to dynamic changes in the host immune environment. Here, we utilize reporter Mtb strains that respond to specific host immune stresses such as hypoxia and nitric oxide (hspX9::GFP), and phagosomal maturation (rv2390c9::GFP), to investigate vaccine-induced alterations in the environmental niche during experimental murine infections. While vaccination undoubtedly decreased bacterial burden, we found that it also appeared to accelerate Mtb's adoption of a phenotype better equipped to survive in its host. We subsequently utilized a novel replication reporter strain of Mtb to demonstrate that, in addition to these alterations in host stress response, there is a decreased percentage of actively replicating Mtb in vaccinated hosts. This observation was supported by the differential sensitivity of recovered bacteria to the front-line drug isoniazid. Our study documents the natural history of the impact that vaccination has on Mtb's physiology and replication and highlights the value of reporter Mtb strains for probing heterogeneous Mtb populations in the context of a complex, whole animal model.
A versatile pulse programmer for magnetic resonance imaging (2011)

Hardware and software solutions for a versatile pulse programmer have been presented. The core of the pulse programmer is an FPGA device that provides flexibility to the design and reduces the number of electronics elements needed. The event of the pulse programmer consists of 16 bits. The main feature of the proposed pulse programmer is that the 16 outputs can be independently delayed. This is important for correcting delays of the RF channels or the gradient channels due to various causes. The proposed pulse programmer is integrated into an MRI scanner, and the correction of the gradient system delay is taken as an example to experimentally demonstrate its performance.
Robust Pallet Detection for Automated Logistics Operations (2016)

A pallet detection system is presented which is designed for automated forklifts for logistics operations. The system performs stereo reconstruction and pallets are detected using a sliding window approach. In this paper we propose a candidate generation method and we introduce feature descriptors for grayscale images that are tailored to the current task. The features are designed to be invariant to certain types of illumination changes and are called normalized pair differences because of the formula involved in their calculation. Experimental results validate our approach on extensive real world data.
Development and evaluation of a blood-free medium for determining growth curves and optimizing growth of Rochalimaea henselae (1993)

Two strains of Rochalimaea henselae were used to optimize a blood-free growth medium. Seven agar bases, four broths, and combinations of eight supplements were evaluated. Acceptable growth was achieved in media containing Fildes solution and hemin, with the best growth demonstrated in brucella broth or on brucella agar with 6 to 8% Fildes solution and 250 micrograms of hemin per ml. R. henselae utilized hemin in concentrations six times that utilized by Rochalimaea quintana. Erythrocyte membrane was necessary to achieve the full growth-promoting effect of rabbit blood.
Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal cortex layer II selectively express intracellular amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease (2016)

The onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with subtle pathological changes including increased intracellular expression of amyloid-β (Aβ). A structure affected particularly early in the course of AD is the entorhinal cortex, where neuronal death in layer II is observed already at initial stages. Neurons in EC-layer II, particularly those that express the protein Reelin, give rise to projections to the hippocampal dentate gyrus and this projection shows severe loss of synaptic contacts during early-stage AD. Given this anatomical specificity, we sought to determine whether increased intracellular expression of Aβ is selectively associated with Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Here we report that in a transgenic rat model, which mimics the onset and distribution of extracellular amyloid deposits seen in human AD subjects, expression of intracellular Aβ in entorhinal layer II selectively occurs in Reelin-immunoreactive neurons during the early, pre-plaque stage. This Reelin-Aβ association is also present in human subjects with AD-related pathological changes, even in early disease stages. These findings strongly indicate that Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal layer II play a crucial role during the initial stages of AD, and may therefore lead to refined hypotheses concerning the origin of this devastating condition.
Steroid hormone receptor expression and action in bone (2000)

The skeleton is a complex tissue, and hormonal control of bone remodelling is elaborate. The important role that steroid hormones play in bone cell development and in the maintenance of normal bone architecture is well established, but it is only relatively recently that it has become possible to describe their precise mechanism of action. This review focuses not only on the steroid hormones (oestrogens, corticosteroids, androgens and progesterone), but also on related hormones (vitamin D, thyroid hormone and the retinoids), all of which act via structurally homologous nuclear receptors that form part of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily. By examining the actions of all of these hormones in vivo and in vitro, this review gives a general overview of the current understanding of steroid hormone action in bone. In addition, a comprehensive review of steroid hormone receptor expression in bone cells is included. Finally, the role that future developments, such as steroid hormone receptor knockout mice, will play in our understanding of steroid hormone action in bone is considered.
A capacitive sensor interface for high-resolution acquisitions in hostile environments (2016)

This paper presents a novel architecture for capacitive sensor interfaces that is insensitive to electro magnetic interferers in hostile environments. A bridge structure, with a feedback control and a special band-pass filter, overcomes the problems that affect the standard approaches. Behavioural level simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the idea for 12-bit resolution.
<title>Class of hierarchical store/forward interactive television systems with an approach to the development of their analytical performance models</title> (1996)

This paper presents a view of a large scale interactive television system (ITVS) based on an hierarchical architecture of intelligent store/forward nodes. The described ITVS functions within the purview of local knowledge and distributed control which the author argues is the reasonable approach to managing the complexity of such systems. The major data handling themes are outlined and a case is made for the use of segmented burst transmissions. A feature of such an ITVS is the asymmetrical bandwidth requirements for upstream demand (`the back channel') and downstream fulfillment flows. This leads to the identification of an important operational characteristic of such systems which is summarized as the Demand Conservation Principle. The application of this conservation principle is shown to support the development of analytical performance models under an achievable set of assumptions for practical systems. An approach to the development of such models is presented using the ability to collapse large vertical partitions of such systems into a generalized demand cascade. This material is based on Intergraphics Associates TN-94031, an unpublished technical note with the same title, that is one of a series of technical notes on the design, performance analysis, and modeling of interactive television systems.
Promoting Functional Plasticity in the Damaged Nervous System (1985)

Damage to the central and peripheral nervous system often produces lasting functional deficits. A major focus of neuroscience research has been to enhance functional restitution of the damaged nervous system and thereby produce recovery of behavioral or physiological processes. Promising procedures include surgical, physical, and chemical manipulations to reduce scar formation and minimize the disruption of support elements, administration of growth-stimulating substances, tissue grafts to bridge gaps in fiber pathways, and embryonic brain tissue grafts to provide new cells with the potential to generate fiber systems. Two elements are required for functional nervous system repair: (i) neurons with the capacity to extend processes must be present, and (ii) the regenerating neurites must find a continuous, unbroken pathway to appropriate targets through a supportive milieu.
Poly(Propylene Carbonate), Old Copolymers of Propylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide with New Interests: Catalysis and Material Properties (2008)

Current research efforts in the field of poly(propylene carbonate) prepared from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide are reviewed. Interest in the polymer has been revived in light of the current discussion on sustainability and biodegradability. The progress in understanding and increasing the activity of heterogeneous zinc catalysts is steadily increasing, but without a quantum leap. The microstructure, the properties of the melt, and the solid material are given. The material property profile can be expanded through the synthesis of terpolymers based on propylene oxide, carbon dioxide and other epoxides, lactones or anhydrides etc. with the same catalyst; or the preparation of poly(propylene carbonate) blends with biodegradable or biocompatible components like calcium carbonate, wood flour, fibers, or other biodegradable polymers.
Relating extracellular potentials and their derivatives to anisotropic propagation at a microscopic level in human cardiac muscle. Evidence for electrical uncoupling of side-to-side fiber connections with increasing age. (1986)

Elucidation of the mechanisms of cardiac conduction disturbances leading to reentry will require resolution of the details of multidimensional propagation at a microscopic size scale (less than 200 micron). In practice, this will necessitate the combined analysis of extracellular and transmembrane action potentials. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationships between the time derivatives of the extracellular waveforms and the underlying action potentials in the experimental analysis of anisotropic propagation at this small size scale, and apply these relationships to human atrial muscle at different ages. The extracellular waveforms and their derivatives changed from a smooth contour during transverse propagation in young preparations to complex polyphasic waveforms in the older preparations. The major problem was to estimate the size and location of small groups of fibers that generated the complex waveforms in the older preparations. We found dissimilarities in the derivatives that distinguished source (bundle) size from the distance of the source to the measurement site. The differences in the extracellular waveforms and their derivatives indicated that there was electrical uncoupling of the side-to-side connections between small groups of fibers with aging. These changes produced a prominent zigzag course of transverse propagation at a microscopic level which, in turn, accounted for the increased complexity of the waveforms. The waveform differences also correlated with the development of extensive collagenous septa that separated small groups of fibers. The electrophysiological consequence was an age-related decrease in the "effective" transverse conduction velocities to the range of the very slow conduction (less than 0.08 m/sec) which makes it possible for reentry to occur in small regions of cardiac muscle with normal cellular electrophysiological properties.
Letter: Clonidine in treatment of dysmenorrhea. (1974)

A concentration of 15 pig/ml was arbitrarily taken as a level read.lyobtainable in h blood wiLh bo.h antibiotics.Th-19 strains resistant to penicillin and tetracycline only were resis:ant to tetracycline in con- centrations above 20 Ag/lml.This resis ance pattern occurs quite frequently in strains of S. aph.aureus isolated both from hospital patients and from the general comnnunity.It would appear therefore that any micro- biological advantage which minocycline may exert over other tetracyclines is due to its sup rior activity against strains of Staph.aureus which are resistant to tetracycline.' -I am, etc.,
Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition Augments Human Lung Fibroblast Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production Induced by Prostaglandin E2 (2013)

Abstract Lung fibroblasts are believed to be a major source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which supports the survival of lung endothelial cells and modulates the maintenance of the pulmonary microvasculature. VEGF has been related to the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates VEGF production from lung fibroblasts via the E-prostanoid (EP)–2 receptor. The EP2 signaling pathway uses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger, and cAMP is degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This study investigates whether phosphodiesterase inhibition modulates the human lung fibroblast VEGF production induced by PGE2. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured with PGE2 and PDE inhibitors. The PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast, roflumilast N-oxide, and rolipram with PGE2 increased VEGF release, as quantified in supernatant media by ELISA. In contrast, PDE3, PDE5, and PDE7 inhibitors did not affect VEGF release. Roflumilast increased VEGF release with either an EP2 or an EP4 agonist. Roflumilast augmented the cytosolic cAMP levels induced by PGE2 and VEGF release with other agents that use the cAMP signaling pathway. Roflumilast-augmented VEGF release was completely inhibited by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Roflumilast with PGE2 increased VEGF mRNA levels, and the blockade of mRNA synthesis inhibited the augmented VEGF release. The stimulatory effect of roflumilast on VEGF release was replicated using primary healthy and COPD lung fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate that PDE4 inhibition can modulate human lung fibroblast VEGF release by PGE2 acting through the EP2 and EP4 receptor–cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Through this action, PDE4 inhibitors such as roflumilast could contribute to the survival of lung endothelial cells.
Compositional may-must program analysis (2010)

Program analysis tools typically compute two types of information: (1) may information that is true of all program executions and is used to prove the absence of bugs in the program, and (2) must information that is true of some program executions and is used to prove the existence of bugs in the program. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, dubbed SMASH, which computes both may and must information compositionally . At each procedure boundary, may and must information is represented and stored as may and must summaries, respectively. Those summaries are computed in a demand driven manner and possibly using summaries of the opposite type. We have implemented SMASH using predicate abstraction (as in SLAM) for the may part and using dynamic test generation (as in DART) for the must part. Results of experiments with 69 Microsoft Windows 7 device drivers show that SMASH can significantly outperform may-only, must-only and non-compositional may-must algorithms. Indeed, our empirical results indicate that most complex code fragments in large programs are actually often either easy to prove irrelevant to the specific property of interest using may analysis or easy to traverse using directed testing. The fine-grained coupling and alternation of may (universal) and must (existential) summaries allows SMASH to easily navigate through these code fragments while traditional may-only, must-only or non-compositional may-must algorithms are stuck in their specific analyses.