gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong Baselines for Simple Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs with and without Neural Networks (2017)

We examine the problem of question answering over knowledge graphs, focusing on simple questions that can be answered by the lookup of a single fact. Adopting a straightforward decomposition of the problem into entity detection, entity linking, relation prediction, and evidence combination, we explore simple yet strong baselines. On the popular SimpleQuestions dataset, we find that basic LSTMs and GRUs plus a few heuristics yield accuracies that approach the state of the art, and techniques that do not use neural networks also perform reasonably well. These results show that gains from sophisticated deep learning techniques proposed in the literature are quite modest and that some previous models exhibit unnecessary complexity.
Hyperlipidemia as a biochemical basis of magnetic resonance plasma test for cancer (1988)

An increase in the plasma levels of apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins is the basis of the magnetic resonance (MR) test for cancer. The narrow MR line width reported by Fossel and co-workers to be associated with the presence of malignant disease is due to a relative increase of very low density lipoprotein. In contrast, the plasma from healthy controls, which has a much broader spectrum, has a higher proportion of high density lipoprotein. However, plasma from patients with hyperlipidemia unrelated to cancer also show narrow MR line widths and are therefore a confounding variable. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the plasma from 253 patients with a range of lipid related diseases and cancer, and 28 controls. A significant difference (p less than or equal to 0.0005) of 10 Hz exists between the mean line width of the controls and hyperlipidemics without malignant disease. However, in patients with solid tumours a difference of 7 Hz (p less than or equal to 0.0005) in the mean values is recorded although there is an overlap of 6 Hz compared with the controls. Moreover the MRS method was not found to distinguish patients with lymphomas from the control population. The index was not found to be related to patient age or tumour burden.
Emission Spectral Stability Modification of Tandem Organic Light-Emitting Diodes through Controlling Charge-Carrier Migration and Outcoupling Efficiency at Intermediate/Emitting Unit Interface (2018)

An intermediate unit (IMU) of tandem organic light-emitting diode (TOLED) can affect the emission spectral stability because of the different charge-carrier migration and outcoupling efficiency at intermediate/emitting unit interface. In this work, an IMU consisting of carbon 60 and copper(II) phthalocyanine, inserted between red-emitting unit and blue-emitting unit, were constructed and fabricated. We focus on the effect of the relative location of the red-emitting unit and blue-emitting unit in the device configuration on the emission spectral stability of TOLED. In the color-tunable TOLED, a maximum current efficiency of 20.4 cd/A, along with light-emitting spectra tuning from red emission at (0.63, 0.31) according to Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates at a bias of 10 V to white emission at (0.34, 0.27) at 22 V, is realized. Meanwhile, in the color-stable TOLED, a maximum current efficiency of 15.5 cd/A and a stable white emission at (0.31, 0.27) in a wide range of biases from 12 to 22 V are also obtained. This work might inspire a promising approach for the fabrication of color-tunable and color-stable OLEDs for both information display and solid-state lighting.
ORIGIN OF GENETIC CONTROL OF DIPLOID-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF POLYPLOID WHEAT (1961)

ORIGIN OF GENETIC CONTROL OF DIPLOID-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF POLYPLOID WHEAT Get access RALPH RILEY, RALPH RILEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GORDON KIMBER, GORDON KIMBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VICTOR CHAPMAN VICTOR CHAPMAN *Plant Breeding InstituteCambridge, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 52, Issue 1, January-February 1961, Pages 22–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107015 Published: 01 January 1961
Cigarette Smoking and Age at Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2005)

Cigarette smoking is associated with the development of late-onset CD and is protective against developing UC at any age, particularly early onset. Former smoking is associated with a high likelihood of developing late-onset UC, but not CD.
Synthesis of siderophores by strains of Staphylococcus cohnii isolated from various environments. (2003)

Siderophore activity as the feature of microorganisms enabling colonization of human body and the survival in inanimate environment was investigated in 108 strains of Staphylococcus cohnii; S. cohnii ssp. cohnii (50 strains) and S. cohnii ssp. urealyticus (58 strains). Strains were isolated from people, hospital and non-hospital environment. Highest siderophore activity was noted in strains S. cohnii ssp. urealyticus particularly from the inanimate environments origin. In 86% analyzed strains siderophores of hydroxamate class were detected. Larger amounts of these compounds were synthesized in strains S. cohnii ssp. urealyticus. Strains belonging to both subspecies from human origin showed lower activity of siderophores (total pool) and did not produce hydroxamate class chelators or produced very small amounts of these compounds.
Review on lactic acid bacteria function in milk fermentation and preservation (2015)

This review was conducted to find out the main function of lactic acid bacteria in milk fermentation and preservation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive, non-spore forming, cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates. LAB includes Lactobacillus, Lactococus, Streptococcus and Leuconostoc species. The presence of LAB in milk fermentation can be either as spontaneous or inoculated starter cultures. Both of them are promising cultures to be explored in fermented milk manufacture. LAB has a role in milk fermentation to produce acid which is important as preservative agents and generating flavour of the products. The main reasons for the fermentation practice using LAB are to increase milk palatability and improve the quality of milk by increasing the availability of proteins and vitamins. Furthermore, LAB confers preservative and detoxifying effects on milk as well. When it is used regularly, LAB fermented milks boost the immune system and strengthen the body in the fight against pathogenic bacterial infections. Thus, LAB fermentation is not only of a major economic importance, but it also promotes human health. Therefore, it was concluded that the lactic acid bacteria have a vital role in milk and milk products fermentation and preservation and this suggests the need for educating the communities about benefits of consuming fermented milk and milk products needs to be part of health education.   Key words: Fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, milk, preservation.
[Effects of d-3-n-butylphthalide and l-3-n-butylphthalide on extracellular no level and intracellular cGMP level in primary cultured rat cortical neurons]. (1998)

The effects of l-3-n-butylphthalide(l-NBP) and d-3-n-butylphthalide(d-NBP) on extracellular nitric oxide (NO) levels and intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were studied in primary cultured rat cortical neuronal cells. Nitric oxide and cGMP levels were measured by using spectrometry and radioimmunological analysis(RIA), respectively. The results showed that d-NBP (0.1-100 mumol: L-1) markedly increased extracellular NO levels and intracellular cGMP levels in primary cultured neurons that were exposed for 10 h to hypoxic/hypoglycemic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), or KCl media. On the contrary, l-NBP(0.1-100 mumol.L-1) significantly decreased extracellular NO levels and intracellular cGMP levels. It is suggested that there is a contrary effect of d-NBP and l-NBP on NO release and cGMP production induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia, NMDA, or KCl.
Down-Regulation of miR-3928 Promoted Osteosarcoma Growth (2014)

Down-expression of miR-3928 in osteosarcoma promoted tumor growth by targeting ERBB3, IL-6R and CDK6. MiR-3928 may be a potential therapy target worth further investigation.
PHOTOCOAGULATION OF WELL-DEFINED CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION:Clinicopathologic Correlation (1998)

The clinicopathologic features of a treated eye with well-defined extrafoveal CNV, and the fellow eye with a disciform scar, both associated with ARMD, are presented. Although laser treatment obliterated a choroidal neovascular membrane, 11 additional areas of early, subclinical CNV were present.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis. Part 8. Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐α‐Substituted Benzylamines via Chiral Pinanone Ketimine Template. (1990)

Abstract Reaction of the enantiomeric pinanones (I) with benzylamine (II) produces the chiral ketimines (III) which are selectively alkylated with the halides (IV) after deprotonation to form the imines (V).
Preparation and properties of cobalt(II) rubredoxin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and properties of cobalt(II) rubredoxinSheldon W. May and Jong-Yuan KuoCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 16, 3333–3338Publication Date (Print):August 8, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00609a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00609a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular recognition in chiral monolayers of stearoylserine methyl ester (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular recognition in chiral monolayers of stearoylserine methyl esterNoel G. Harvey, Dorla Mirajovsky, Philip L. Rose, Robert Verbiar, and Edward M. ArnettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3, 1115–1122Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00185a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00185a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sample-detector coupling in atomic resolution magnetic resonance diffraction (2002)

A technique for potential realization of atomic resolution magnetic resonance diffraction was recently proposed for the case of a crystalline sample in proximity of a ferromagnetic sphere [M. Barbic, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 9987 (2002)]. This article predicted the detection of distinct peaks in the number of resonant spin sites at different magnetic field values for specific sphere and crystal configurations. Here, the focus is on the specific detection coupling mechanisms between the resonant spin population of the sample and the magnetic sphere probe. We investigate and compare the force, torque, and flux detection mechanisms in order to provide guidance to the experimental efforts towards the realization of the atomic resolution magnetic resonance diffraction. We also investigate the dependence of the magnetic resonance diffraction spectrum on the relative position of the magnetic sphere with respect to the crystal lattice.
Effect of dielectric polarization noise on ultralow-noise readout circuits (2000)

Dielectric polarization noise, which can be predicted by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, is generated in materials that have dielectric loss. The materials around the gate circuit of an FET may generate dielectric polarization noise because these materials have dielectric loss. We measured the noise of both these materials and the devices, and fabricated an ultra-low-noise readout circuit by removing as many high-noise materials as possible and replacing the high-noise devices with lower-noise devices. The main noise sources in the circuit were the p-n junctions of the photodiode and the Si JFET, the feedback capacitor, and the electrode that connects them. A readout-noise level of ten electrons was achieved at 77 K using a photodiode with a capacitance below 1 pF.
<i>SCN4B</i> -Encoded Sodium Channel β4 Subunit in Congenital Long-QT Syndrome (2007)

We provide the seminal report of SCN4B-encoded Na(vbeta)4 as a novel LQT3-susceptibility gene.
Immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (2007)

Human and bovine colostrum (BC) contain a remarkable amount of bioactive substances, including antibodies towards many common pathogens of the intestinal and respiratory tract as well as growth factors, vitamins, cytokines and other proteic, lipidic and glucidic factors. In this study we investigated whether BC had any immunomodulatory effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors. To this aim we focused on the production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, cytokines involved in the Th1 polarization required for a successful immune response towards intracellular pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. BC induced a dose-dependent production of IL-12 by CD14+ monocytes, but was unable to induce IFN-gamma production. However, BC differentially affected stimuli-induced IFN-gamma production: it enhanced IFN-gamma in response to weak antigenic stimulation and it inhibited IFN-gamma in response to strong antigenic stimulation. These effects were not dose-dependent. We also measured PBMC proliferation, which was substantially unaffected by BC. Our data suggest that the Th1-promoting activity of BC could contribute, together with the antibodies, to the protective effect of BC on the offspring. BC could also represent an inexpensive therapeutic tool in prevention and treatment of several human microbial infections, including influenza.
Teaching ASIC design with FPGAs (2003)

The University of Southern Colorado has developed a VLSI design program that has been used in several courses and design projects. ASICs employing field programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies are used for implementation of the resulting designs. Designs of a 4-b computer, a microcode CPU, and a floating point coprocessor are discussed. FPGA reprogrammability and fast turn-around times have proven ideal for the educational environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Transmission of Light in the Atmosphere with Applications to Aviation (1942)

The transmission of light through the atmosphere is determined by the absorption and scattering which it suffers. I t is shown that absorption is negligible in the visible spectrum but becomes increasingly strong in the infrared. Scattering is due to suspended particles ranging in size from the air molecules to rain drops. The scattering coefficient changes with the wave length, or color, of the light only when the scattering particles are smaller than the wave length. Since the suspensoids which produce low visibility are large compared to the wave length of visible light and the near infrared, no advantage results from the use of colored lights or the infrared in such cases. Photography in the near infrared is useful in cases when the visibility is limited by small particle haze. Theory shows that the visual range is determined largely by the scattering coefficient of the atmosphere. Since it is often difficult to select suitable marks for the estimation of the visual range, it is suggested tha t an instrument be developed for determining the scattering coefficient.
Conductive polymer patterned media fabricated by diblock copolymer lithography for scanning multiprobe data storage (2008)

A conductive polymer dot pattern has been fabricated as a patterned medium using diblock copolymer lithography (DCL) for scanning multiprobe data storage systems (SMDSSs). DCL can easily provide a higher dots pattern density than that obtained using electron beam lithography. For DCL, the microphase-separated structure of polystyrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate is utilized. Then, the closed dot pattern of polyaniline (PANI) with a center to center distance of adjacent dots of 30 nm is fabricated by DCL. Electrical modification experiments of the fabricated PANI dots are demonstrated using scanning probe microscopy (SPM). As a result, the conductivities of the modified dots are selectively changed by applying modification voltages with the tip of the SPM probe. Recording on the conductive polymer with 30 nm pitch at the minimum can be demonstrated, which corresponds to a recording density of ∼700 Gbits inch(-2). These results show that the conductive polymer patterned medium has the potential ability to achieve high-density recording for SMDSSs.
Genetics of Colonic Cancer (1998)

Research in hereditary forms of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased almost logarithmically thanks in a major way to momentous discoveries in molecular genetics during the past decade. Between 10 and 20% of the total CRC burden is due to Mendelian-inherited CRC syndromes. The paradigm for hereditary CRC is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), wherein the <i>APC</i> germ-line mutation has been identified. This has contributed to the elucidation of genomic and clinical heterogeneity within the syndrome, wherein an attenuated form of FAP has been identified as a result of intragenic mutations within this large <i>APC</i> gene. The most common form of hereditary CRC is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Several mutator genes, namely <i>hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2</i> and, more recently, <i>hMSH6/GTBP</i>, have been identified. These molecular genetic discoveries are providing new insights into the pathogenesis of CRC. Individuals within these kindreds who are harbingers of these germ-line mutations will benefit from screening and, one day, chemoprevention.
Transmaterial: A Catalog of Materials That Redefine our Physical Environment (2006)

These days, whether you're designing a building or a toaster, a savvy knowledge of materials is increasingly critical. And keeping up with the constant flow of new materials, let alone their applications, properties, and sources, is an increasingly difficult and time-consuming task. Blaine Brownell, author of Transmaterial, known to thousands of web users for his of the week email service alerting designers to new materials that are reshaping our world, has created this handy and affordable reference to the most interesting and most useful new materials now available. Transmaterial is indexed in multiple ways for the sake of maximum convenience, and utilizes the new CSI MasterFormat 2004 product categorization system. With more than 200 materials, organized by category, described, pictured, and annotated with technical and sourcing information, this catalog is an essential tool for any architect or designer interested in keeping up with the rapid developments in the field of materials, looking for a source of inspiration for their designs, or just eager to get their hands on real materials in an effort to understand the incredibly innovative palette now available to us.
Heavy-Oil Gas Lift Using the Concentric Offset Riser (COR) (2005)

Abstract The production of heavy oil presents a number of problems to deep water operators. A combination of high fluid density, hence hydrostatic head, and viscosity in the risers tied back to the floating production vessel limits the oil production rate. The Concentric Offset Riser (COR) offers a solution for convenient provision of riser base gas lift all in a single arrangement. The injection of gas at the riser base mixes with and lightens the oil, and hence enhances the production rate from heavy oil reservoirs. The COR is a free standing and thermally efficient pipe-in-pipe riser system suitable for subsea developments tied back to a floating host vessel. The annular space has many potential uses, one of which is gas lift. The vertical riser is tensioned at the top with a buoyancy tank, and tied back to the production vessel with a flexible jumper. Such systems are being implemented in West Africa. This paper describes the benefits of implementing the COR design for deepwater heavy oil developments.
Role of cytoplasmic thioltransferase in cellular regulation by thiol-disulphide interchange (1980)

Cytoplasmic thioltransferase purified from rat liver [Axelsson, Eriksson & Mannervik (1978) Biochemistry 17, 2978--2984] catalyses the formation and decomposition of mixed disulphides of proteins and glutathione. The enzyme was found to catalyse the reversible thiol-disulphide interchange between glutathione disulphide and a crude thiol-containing protein fraction from rat liver. This finding indicates a role of the thioltransferase in the regulation of the 'glutathione status' of the cell. Specifically, it was found that thioltransferase catalyses the reactivation of pyruvate kinase from rat liver that had previously been inactivated by glutathione disulphide. It is suggested that thioltransferase may have a general role in regulatory processes involving thiol-disulphide interchange.