gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of NO Production in NMDA Receptor-Mediated Neurotransmitter Release in Cerebral Cortex (1994)

L-Glutamate and norepinephrine are examples of a major excitatory neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator in the cerebral cortex, respectively. Little is known of how chemical signaling between the anatomically distinct chemical pathways occurs. Specific activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) class of glutamate receptor in synaptosomal preparations from guinea pig cerebral cortex caused release of both of these chemicals, and this release was blocked by agents that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production or remove NO from the extracellular space. Furthermore, neurotransmitter release correlated with cortical NO production after NMDA receptor stimulation. These results suggest that NO production and its extracellular movement may be links in the pathway from NMDA receptor activation to changes in chemical signaling in surrounding synaptic terminals in the cerebral cortex.
Long-Term Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Female Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: 7 Case Reports (1995)

Seven female patients with mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were treated with long-term, low-dose estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) over a period of 5-45 months. Five of the 7 patients were cases who had responded well to short-term ERT with 1.25 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) for 6 weeks. The 7 patients from 56 to 77 years of age received 0.625 mg/day of CEE for 21 days, followed by a pause of 7 days. A 28-day cycle of low-dose ERT was performed repeatedly. In 4 cases, these patients received 5 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) during the last 10-12 days of estrogen treatment. Therapeutic efficacy of estrogen was evaluated by psychometric assessments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) and a behavior rating scale of the Gottfries-Bråne-Steen geriatric rating scale (GBS). The MMSE and HDS evaluations were performed principally once in 2-4 weeks. In 4 out of the 7 patients, the MMSE and HDS scores were elevated above the pretreatment levels during ERT. The termination of ERT resulted in a decrease in both scores. Furthermore, the GBS scores and daily activities of the same 4 patients were improved during ERT. In these 4 patients cognitive functions were markedly improved throughout the treatment period, while the other 2 patients responded moderately well and another patient did not respond at all. These observations suggest that long-term, low-dose ERT improves cognitive functions, dementia symptoms and daily activities in women with mild to moderate DAT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Statistical optimization of insulin-loaded Pluronic F-127 gels for buccal delivery of basal insulin (2011)

The principle of statistical optimization was employed to fabricate insulin-loaded Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) gel formulations having the potential for buccal delivery of basal insulin. A two-level resolution III fractional factorial design was applied to simultaneously evaluate five independent formulation variables: PF-127 concentration, insulin concentration, sodium sulfate concentration, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) concentration, and presence of sodium glycocholate. The amount of insulin released and permeated from gels as well as gelation time and mucoadhesion force of gels were measured and used as dependent response variables for formulation optimization. Optimization of a gel formulation was achieved by applying constrained optimization via regression analysis. In vitro permeation flux of insulin from the optimized formulation through procine buccal mucosa was 93.17 (±0.058, n = 3) μg/cm(2). Plasma insulin levels following buccal administration of the optimized formulation at 10, 25 and 50 IU/kg to healthy rats were found to be dose dependent and basal insulin levels were maintained at least for 8 h. Furthermore, continuous hypoglycemia for at least 8 h was observed with 89%, 51% and 25% of blood glucose reduction, respectively, for these three doses. The results of this investigation conclude the feasibility of development of optimized buccal insulin-loaded Pluronic F-127 gels for basal insulin delivery.
On the expression and regulation of 5-lipoxygenase in human lymphocytes. (1992)

The expression of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.34) and the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) genes in human tonsillar B cells and lymphoblastoid B-cell lines was demonstrated at the transcriptional level by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Also, five lymphoblastoid T-cell lines were investigated and found to express the FLAP gene but not the 5-lipoxygenase gene, suggesting that the transcriptional regulation of these two genes is different. Western blot analysis of the cytosolic proteins from a lymphoblastoid B-cell line with an antiserum raised against purified human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase revealed an immunoreactive band that comigrated with recombinant human 5-lipoxygenase. Intact B cells produced very low amounts of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid upon stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187 and arachidonic acid, in comparison to the amounts formed by sonicates of these cells. However, preincubation of intact lymphoblastoid B cells with the glutathione-depleting agents azodicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide) or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene prior to the addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 and arachidonic acid led to similar amounts of leukotriene B4 as were formed by sonicated cells. In contrast, the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine diminished the cellular level of glutathione by greater than 90% but did not influence the production of leukotriene B4 or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in intact cells. These results demonstrate that certain drugs affecting the redox status can stimulate the cryptic 5-lipoxygenase activity in intact lymphoblastoid B cells but that the mechanism of this activation is unclear and appears not to be directly related to intracellular glutathione levels.
Vagal afferent signaling of a gastric mucosal acid insult to medullary, pontine, thalamic, hypothalamic and limbic, but not cortical, nuclei of the rat brain (2001)

Although gastric acid is a factor in upper abdominal pain, the signaling and processing of a gastric mucosal acid insult within the brain are not known. This study examined which nuclei in the rat brain respond to challenge of the gastric mucosa by a noxious concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and whether the central input is carried by vagal afferent neurons. Activation of neurons in the brain was mapped by in situ hybridization autoradiography of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for the immediate early gene c-fos 45 min after intragastric administration of saline or HCl. Following intragastric HCl (0.5 M) challenge, many neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii, lateral parabrachial nucleus, thalamic and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, central amygdala and medial/lateral habenula expressed c-fos mRNA as compared to intragastric treatment with saline (0.15 M). However, c-fos transcription in the insular cortex was not enhanced by the gastric acid insult. Hypertonic saline (0.5 M) caused only a minor expression of c-fos mRNA in the hypothalamus and amygdala. The acid-evoked c-fos induction in subcortical nuclei was depressed by at least 80% five days after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Collectively, these observations indicate that vagal afferent input from the acid-threatened gastric mucosa does not reach the insular cortex but leads to activation of subcortical brain nuclei that are involved in emotional, behavioral, neuroendocrine, autonomic and antinociceptive reactions to a noxious stimulus.
Warehouse layout problems : Types of problems and solution algorithms (2011)

Warehouse design and operation plays an integral role in the whole supply chain system. For this reason, many researchers have dealt with these types of problems not only by mathematically modelled but also by introduced other kinds of solutions such as artificial intelligence. On our paper, we present these two types of solutions (mathematical models and technological solutions) and the types of warehouse layout problems. Our goal is to offer a more structured view for the important problem of warehouse layout problem.
Modification of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Exercises During Knee Rehabilitation (1986)

Rehabilitation of the quadriceps femoris muscle is the cornerstone of full recovery after inactivity, immobilization, or surgery of the knee. Muscle strengthening programs often are interrupted by patients' complaints of pain experienced during exercise, which frequently prolong the patients' convalescence period. Specific modifications of standard quadriceps femoris muscle exercises often allow completely pain-free exercise, thus providing a faster progression of treatment and a subsequently shorter rehabilitation period. The purposes of this article are to review briefly patellofemoral biomechanics as it relates to quadriceps muscle rehabilitation and to summarize several modifications that in our clinical experience repeatedly have reduced pain during exercise.
The Operator-Scheduling Problem: A Network-Flow Approach (1974)

The number of telephone operators required on duty at switchboards fluctuates widely during the day. Work periods of operators are defined by start and end times of tours and by the timing of break and relief periods within tours. This paper proposes a method for determining the number of operators assigned to tours and their corresponding timing of breaks and reliefs; it relies on various network-flow formulations. An example application of the method is presented.
Acidic mucin layer facilitates micelle dissociation and fatty acid diffusion (1990)

The presence of a mucin layer on the surface of the intestinal epithelium has been suggested as an important factor in maintaining an acidic microclimate. The presence of such a low-pH compartment has been shown to facilitate fatty acid uptake. The mechanisms leading to the enhancement of fatty acid uptake were investigated in a purified acidic mucin layer. Our results indicate that the presence of a low-pH compartment indeed facilitates the dissociation of mixed micelles made of taurocholate and oleic acid. The released fatty acid formed an emulsion at the mucin layer, and this event could be visualized by the naked eye. When the size of the particles in the micelle solution was examined by photon correlation spectroscopy, it was found that acidification alone can lead to the formation of particles with size substantially greater than that of micelles. With the use of labeled fatty acid, the change in optical density can be correlated to the amount of fatty acid appearing in the mucin layer in an asymptotic fashion, suggesting that using the turbidity as an indicator might underestimate fatty acid diffusion. Despite this limitation, the rate of fatty acid diffusion in the mucin layer was estimated to be 400% of that in the buffer solution.
Adaptive cross-trilateral depth map filtering (2010)

Stereo-correspondence algorithms often produce noisy and inaccurate depth estimates. We present a mechanism for improving depth maps by means of adaptive cross-trilateral median filtering (ACTMF). To preserve details in the depth map and simultaneously smooth depths in homogeneous areas the filter parameters are adapted to the local image structure. The influence of initial miss-matches is minimized by the introduction of an additional confidence kernel that penalizes unreliable matches. Experimental results show a significant improvement of the initial input depth maps.
Negative Capacitance Transistor to Address the Fundamental Limitations in Technology Scaling: Processor Performance (2018)

Negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET) addresses one of the key fundamental limits in technology scaling, akin to the non-scalable Boltzmann factor, by offering a sub-threshold swing below 60 mV/decade. In this paper, we investigate how the NCFET technology can open the doors not only for the continuation of Moore's law, which is approaching its end, but also for reviving Dennard's scaling, which stopped more than a decade ago. We study NCFET for the 7-nm FinFET technology node, from physics to processors and demonstrate that prior trends in processor design with respect to voltage and frequency can be revived with the NCFET technology. Our work focuses on answering the following three questions towards drawing the impact of NCFET technology on computing efficiency: In how far NCFET technology will enable processors: 1) to operate at higher frequencies without increasing voltage; 2) to operate at higher frequencies without increasing power density, which is substantial, because maintaining on-chip power densities under tight constraints due to limited cooling capabilities is inevitable; and 3) to operate at lower voltages, while still fulfilling performance requirements, which is substantial for the emerging Internet of Things, in which available power budgets for such devices are typically very restricted.
New Equipment for the 3-Step Method (1953)

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.
The electrical properties of undoped and oxygendoped GaP grown by the liquid encapsulation technique (1971)

Hall coefficient and conductivity measurements have been made on undoped and oxygen-doped gallium phosphide grown by the liquid encapsulation technique over the temperature range 80 to 400 K. The electrically active impurity in undoped crystals grown from a silica crucible is silicon. The thermal ionization energy of this donor is estimated at 82 meV, which is in good agreement with the optically estimated value. The ionization energy decreases with donor concentration and, to a first approximation, is given (in eV) by ED = 0·082 - 0·021 × 10−6 NDfraction one-third where ND is the donor concentration (cm−3).
Flow-based Aggregation of CAN Frames with Compressed Payload (2020)

Modern cars are equipped with a wide variety of sensors generating continually growing amounts of data. This data is transmitted via bus systems such as Controller Area Network (CAN) inside of the vehicle to the microcontroller-based Electronic Control Units. By connecting the vehicle to its surroundings using wireless interfaces, this data becomes accessible to the vehicle manufacturer from a distance. Through the opening to the outside, cyber attacks can exploit these interfaces and introduce major risks to the privacy and safety of vehicle users. Hence, suitable methods for vehicle security monitoring such as intrusion detection and logging are needed. In this work, we focus on the logging of network data, since this data is useful for the development of security updates, countermeasures and incident signatures. On this account, we propose a new method to aggregate the data of the CAN bus. The method combines CAN frames into so-called flows. Each flow contains a set of packets that share a certain common attribute (e.g.: frame type and identifier). To integrate security monitoring of vehicle fleets seamlessly into backend server systems, the gathered CAN flow data is stored in an industry standard data format. Additionally, the payload data is included in the flow format using a compression algorithm to leverage deep-packet inspection. The evaluation results with realworld vehicle data indicate that in our case about 40 % reduction of the overall data size is possible with our method compared to industry-standard formats for storing CAN frames. On this account, we propose a new method to aggregate the data of the CAN bus. The method combines CAN frames into so-called flows. Each flow contains a set of packets that share a certain common attribute (e.g.: frame type and identifier). To integrate security monitoring of vehicle fleets seamlessly into backend server systems, the gathered CAN flow data is stored in an industry standard data format. Additionally, the payload data is included in the flow format using a compression algorithm to leverage deep-packet inspection. The evaluation results with realworld vehicle data indicate that in our case about 40 % reduction of the overall data size is possible with our method compared to industry-standard formats for storing CAN frames.
SERUM  -GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE ISOFORMS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (1997)

gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GT) appears in serum in multiple forms; their significance and clinical utility in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases are still a matter of controversy. Electrophoretic separation of the multiple forms of gamma GT on agarose gel was performed in 20 alcoholic patients (six with cirrhosis and 14 with fatty liver) and the results compared with those obtained in 50 healthy volunteers, 43 patients affected with chronic hepatitis C, 36 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and in 52 epileptic patients on long-term anti-epileptic medication. Multiple forms of gamma GT were separated into several bands (up to 11), labelled 0a, 0b, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b. In the alcoholic patients nine fractions were detected, and the electrophoretic pattern observed was significantly different from that observed in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic hepatitis C or posthepatitic cirrhosis. No differences were observed in the electrophoretic patterns in the alcohol abusers and epileptic patients. In alcoholic patients significant differences were observed in the electrophoretic patterns in relation to the degree of liver injury; the electrophoretic patterns in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and posthepatitic cirrhosis differed significantly. The separation of multiple forms of gamma GT has high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It may be proposed as a complementary test in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.
THE INFLUENCE OF GELATIN ON THE TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE INFLUENCE OF GELATIN ON THE TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACIDWesley G. France and Walter H. MoranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 1, 19–30Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01666a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01666a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The evolving paradigm of second-line hormonal therapy options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (2012)

Purpose of review The review examines recent advances in second-line hormonal therapy for the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent findings Recent data highlight the continued importance of androgen signaling in CRPC. These findings have spurred the development of novel inhibitors of adrenal and intra-tumoral androgen synthesis and novel androgen signaling inhibitors with activity in CRPC. In the past year abiraterone acetate, a CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase / 17, 20 lyase) inhibitor, received US FDA approval for use in the treatment of metastatic CRPC in patients previously treated with docetaxel. Additionally, the novel androgen signaling inhibitor MDV3100 has been reported to confer a survival advantage compared to placebo in the same patient population. Here we review the scientific rationale for targeting androgen signaling in CRPC and the recent pivotal trials that support the use of novel second-line hormonal therapies. Additionally, we summarize ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts to ascertain and overcome mechanisms of resistance. Summary Novel inhibitors of extra-gonadal androgen synthesis and androgen receptor function demonstrate the continued importance of androgen signaling in CRPC. These agents have improved clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic CRPC.
Preparation of BaF2 films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1989)

To date thin films of II(a) fluorides (CaF2, BaF2, SrF2, and their mixtures) have only been deposited by physical vapor deposition techniques. We report for the first time the deposition of BaF2 films on silicon and yttrium-stabilized zirconia substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at a substrate temperature as low as 400 °C.
Photo-annealing effects for erbium doped fiber sources after gamma irradiation tests by using 532 nm and 976 nm lasers (2009)

Two EDFs with different radiation sensitivities were used in the photo-annealing tests. We compared photo-annealing efficiencies obtained by using 532 nm and 976 nm lasers. The 532 nm laser with 10 mW showed better efficiency than 976 nm laser with 290 mW in a ~30 cm EDF. The recovery rate was 5.6 seconds of the half-height recovery time. The 532 nm laser possibly excited the defects and provided some thermal energy so that the defects could be recovered. The annealing efficiency from using the 976 nm laser was close to the one purely from thermal annealing at ~330 °C. For practical tests, we also built two SPB SFSs and a bidirectional SFS and measured the output power loss dependence on pump power. Under the dose rate of 129.2 krad/hr, the recovery rate of output power loss was 0.009 dB/min when a 2.8 m EDF#1 co-pumped by both the 532 nm and the 976 nm lasers.
Determination of particle size distributions from acoustic wave propagation measurements (1999)

The wave equations for the interior and exterior of the particles are ensemble averaged and combined with an analysis by Allegra and Hawley [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 51, 1545 (1972)] for the interaction of a single particle with the incident wave to determine the phase speed and attenuation of sound waves propagating through dilute slurries. The theory is shown to compare very well with the measured attenuation. The inverse problem, i.e., the problem of determining the particle size distribution given the attenuation as a function of frequency, is examined using regularization techniques that have been successful for bubbly liquids. It is shown that, unlike the bubbly liquids, the success of solving the inverse problem is limited since it depends strongly on the nature of particles and the frequency range used in inverse calculations.
Early-Onset Efficacy and Safety Pilot Study of Amphetamine Extended-Release Oral Suspension in the Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2018)

AMPH EROS was effective in reducing ADHD symptoms at 30 minutes postdose as indicated by SKAMP-C score improvement, although improvements in PERMP scores at 30 minutes were not statistically significant. AEs were mild or moderate and consistent with those of other extended-release amphetamines.