gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of software engineering research on the practice of software configuration management (2005)

Software Configuration Management (SCM) is an important discipline in professional software development and maintenance. The importance of SCM has increased as programs have become larger, more long lasting, and more mission and life critical. This article discusses the evolution of SCM technology from the early days of software development to the present, with a particular emphasis on the impact that university and industrial research has had along the way. Based on an analysis of the publication history and evolution in functionality of the available SCM systems, we trace the critical ideas in the field from their early inception to their eventual maturation in commercially and freely available SCM systems. In doing so, this article creates a detailed record of the critical value of SCM research and illustrates how research results have shaped the functionality of today's SCM systems.
Viral miRNAs exploiting the endosomal–exosomal pathway for intercellular cross-talk and immune evasion (2011)

The class of persistent gamma-herpesviruses has developed a variety of strategies that exploit host-cell regulatory pathways to ensure a long-lasting, well-balanced infection of their host. However when these pathways are deregulated, an otherwise harmless infection can lead to disease including cancer. We recently demonstrated that the human herpes virus 4 (HHV4) also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), encodes for small regulatory non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) that can be transferred from an infected cell to uninfected neighboring cells. Upon arrival these miRNAs are functional in the recipient cell, in that they are able to down regulate specific target genes. These secreted miRNAs are transported to recipient cells via small nano-sized vesicles (known as exosomes) that are of endosomal origin, formed as intraluminal vesicles (ILV) inside multivesicular bodies (MVB). One question that needs to be addressed is how viral miRNAs are sorted into these exosomes. Mature miRNAs, including those of viral origin, are loaded into RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) for gene silencing via blocking mRNA translation and/or initiating mRNA decay. Recent insights indicate that cytoplasmic RNA granules rich in RISC complexes are closely associated with endosomes. In fact, selective components of RISC, including GW182 and Argonaut proteins, miRNAs and mRNAs are present in exosomes. Thus miRNA function, mRNA stability and exosome-mediated intercellular communication converge at the level of endosomes. Since endosomes can be considered as key intracellular cross-roads that regulate communication of cells with their exterior, including neighboring cells, it is perhaps not surprising that viruses have found means to exploit this pathway to their benefit. Little is known however, how and if (micro) RNA species are specifically sorted into ILVs and what (micro)RNA-binding proteins are involved. Here we discuss recent developments relating to intracellular trafficking and function of miRNA-containing protein complexes that EBV may exploit for promoting or restricting miRNAs sorting into exosomes for intercellular regulatory functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs in viral gene regulation.
Sonosensitive liposomes for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery (2011)

Liposome encapsulation of cytotoxic drugs favours drug delivery to tumours and improves the therapeutic-to-toxicity ratio of conventional chemotherapy. A novel approach to further enhance the availability of liposomal drugs to tumour cells is to combine ultrasound (US) with US sensitive (sonosensitive) liposomes. US treatment of tumour tissue induces local drug release from the liposome carrier followed by increased drug uptake into tumour cells. The liposomes, however, should display properties that both favour high sonosensitivity and drug retention in the blood circulation prior to reaching the tumour tissue.\nIn the present study novel sonosensitive doxorubicin (DXR)-containing liposomes were developed. Inclusion of non-bilayer forming lipids in liposomal membranes was shown to significantly improve sonosensitivity. Two classes of liposomes based on distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), respectively, were investigated. DOPE, displaying a more pronounced inverted cone shaped geometry than DSPE, was the most potent modulator of sonosensitivity. Inclusion of 25 mol% DOPE in liposome membranes comprising distearoylphosphatidylcholine, PEGylated phosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol resulted in an up to 7-fold increased US-mediated DXR release in vitro. The postulated mechanism of drug release is disruption of PE-based liposomes on US exposure. We suggest that US energy triggers perturbations and/or lamellar to reverse hexagonal phase transitions in liposomal membranes comprising non-bilayer forming lipids, leading to drug release.\nSelected liposome formulations were investigated in terms of blood pharmacokinetics in mice. Membrane composition was important for retaining DXR in blood circulation. Low levels of DOPE (25-32 mol%) were required to obtain long blood circulation times of DXR. Optimized DOPE-containing liposomes featured both sufficient blood circulation time and high in vitro sonosensitivity. \nA significant tumour growth regression effect was demonstrated in tumour-bearing mice receiving prototype liposomes and US. The data support the concept that an US activated liposomal drug delivery system might enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs.
A NEW APPARATUS TO SIMULATE ATHLETIC FIELD TRAFFIC: THE CADY TRAFFIC SIMULATOR (2005)

Realistic traffic simulation is crucial to the validity of athletic field research. Previously developed athletic field traffic simulators contain studded drums that turn at different speeds, creating shear forces at the playing surface. The Cady Traffic Simulator (CTS) (a modified walk‐behind core cultivation unit) was developed at Michigan State University in 2000. The objective of this study was to compare the magnitude and direction of the forces produced by two traffic simulators: the Brinkman Traffic Simulator (BTS), a pull‐behind unit, and the CTS. Both simulators were operated over an in‐ground force plate, which measured the forces in three directions: front to back, side to side, and vertical. The CTS produced a higher compressive stress and net shear stress when operated in either direction than the BTS. The average peak compressive stress produced by the feet of the CTS when operated in the forward direction was approximately 30 times higher than the combined compressive stresses of both BTS drums. The average peak net shear stress produced by the feet of the CTS when operated in the forward direction was approximately 15 times higher than the combined net shear stresses of both BTS drums. Operating in the reverse direction, the average peak compressive stress produced by the feet of the CTS was greater than five times the compressive stresses of both BTS drums combined. The average peak net shear stress produced by the feet of the CTS was approximately four times higher than the combined net shear stresses of both BTS drums.
Emergence of Immune Competence in Saliva (1993)

Saliva contains essentially no IgA at birth. However, secretory immune responses to oral and non-oral microbial antigens emerge early in life. We have investigated the characteristics of these responses in salivas of infants less than 1 month through 4 years of age, using cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Antibody specificities (IgA, IgA1, and IgA2) were measured in ELISA and Western blot analysis to antigens of Streptococcus mitis and S. salivarius that colonize during the neonatal period. Antibodies reactive with S. sanguis and mutans streptococci, which colonize later in the infant's life, were also determined. Concurrent investigation of the oral flora of each infant was performed and related to the observed antibody specificities. The secretory nature of the immunoglobulins in these salivas was analyzed immunologically and chromatographically. The primary molecular form of salivary IgA was dimeric in all salivas tested. Both IgA subclasses were found, although a subset of infant salivas initially contained > 90% IgA1. IgM (> 1 microgram/ml) was detected in 58% of 3- to 17-week-old infants. By 2 months of age, salivas from most infants contained IgA antibody reactive with at least two S. mitis components. Many salivas also contained antibody reactive with S. salivarius components. By the end of the first year, most salivas contained IgA1 and IgA2 antibody to S. mitis antigens. Maturation of secretory responses in the second and third year was evidenced by the appearance of increased concentrations and additional specificities of salivary IgA antibodies to S. mitis antigens. Antibody to S. mitis, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis extracellular components was detected only after infection with the respective species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gate isolation technology for compact poly-CMP embedded flash memories (2004)

Downscaling the cell size of embedded flash memories is hampered by a minimum thickness of the tunnel oxide due to reliability constraints. The longer effective channel of the compact poly-CMP flash cell is beneficial for its scalability compared to a discrete two-transistor cell. This paper investigates the influence of the isolation spacer between the floating and access gates in the compact poly-CMP cell on read and leakage currents, programming and erasing characteristics and endurance. The effect of sidewall oxidation steps on the read current of the compact cell is also analysed. This has led to an improved scalable embedded compact poly-CMP flash cell aimed for the 90 nm CMOS generation and beyond.
Multiphase Catalytic Packed-Bed Reactors (1978)

Abstract Multiphase caulytic packed-bed reactors are used in chtmid, petrocbemid, as well as in the petroleum Lndustrg for contactirrg gaseau and liquid reactaxzzs with 2 solid ucalyst. Xydrodesulfurszltion of petroleum fractions, liquid-phase catalytic hydrocracking, and brrryaadiol synthesis fmm forrmldehyde and acetylene (one of the main steps of the Reppe-Buna synthesu) am well-bwn mrrltipnase caralytic packed-bed pmcesses. Multpharse catalytic packed-oed reactom have also been used in liquid waste treazmens recemly. h the case of absoqzion followed by homogeneous catalyrlc reacsions LO the liquid phe. The Sxed bed is formed by inert packing which enables an inmnsiw mixing between the gas and liquid phases, and thus producar a large gas-liquad interface.
Procrustes: a Dataflow and Accelerator for Sparse Deep Neural Network Training (2020)

The success of DNN pruning has led to the development of energy-efficient inference accelerators that support pruned models with sparse weight and activation tensors. Because the memory layouts and dataflows in these architectures are optimized for the access patterns during $\mathit{inference}$, however, they do not efficiently support the emerging sparse $\mathit{training}$ techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate (a) that accelerating sparse training requires a co-design approach where algorithms are adapted to suit the constraints of hardware, and (b) that hardware for sparse DNN training must tackle constraints that do not arise in inference accelerators. As proof of concept, we adapt a sparse training algorithm to be amenable to hardware acceleration; we then develop dataflow, data layout, and load-balancing techniques to accelerate it. The resulting system is a sparse DNN training accelerator that produces pruned models with the same accuracy as dense models without first training, then pruning, and finally retraining, a dense model. Compared to training the equivalent unpruned models using a state-of-the-art DNN accelerator without sparse training support, Procrustes consumes up to 3.26$\times$ less energy and offers up to 4$\times$ speedup across a range of models, while pruning weights by an order of magnitude and maintaining unpruned accuracy.
Time-resolved infrared emission spectroscopy in high-enthalpy supersonic air flows (1993)

We describe a spectrally resolved infrared emission method for observing path-integrated number densities and temperatures in high-temperature supersonic flow on a time-continuous basis. We have conducted infrared emission measurements of the fundamental vibrational band of nitric oxide (NO) to determine NO number densities and vibrational temperatures in a high-temperature, Mach 3 air flow in the Physical Sciences, Inc. (PSI) shock-tunnel facility. A specially constructed infrared array spectrometer was used to observe spectral distributions of NO vibrational radiation between 5 and 7 μm. The instrument was calibrated on a conventional shock tube and was implemented on the PSI shock tunnel to diagnose the flow at the exit of a Mach 3 nozzle, as driven by a plenum of shock-heated air at 3000-4000 K and 10-40 atm
The effect of the electric-field on the phase separation of semiconductor–insulator composite film (2014)

An electric-field induced technique has been successfully utilized to control the phase separation and the interfaces of semiconductor-insulator composite film, which provided a new research approach for scientists working in related fields.
High‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the human pons with a reduced field‐of‐view, multishot, variable‐density, spiral acquisition at 3 T (2009)

Diffusion tensor imaging of localized anatomic regions, such as brainstem, cervical spinal cord, and optic nerve, is challenging because of the existence of significant susceptibility differences, severe physiologic motion in the surrounding tissues, and the need for high spatial resolution to resolve the underlying complex neuroarchitecture. The aim of the methodology presented here is to achieve high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging in localized regions of the central nervous system that is motion insensitive and immune to susceptibility while acquiring a set of two-dimensional images with more than six diffusion encoding directions within a reasonable total scan time. We accomplish this aim by implementing self-navigated, multishot, variable-density, spiral encoding with outer volume suppression. We establish scan protocols for achieving equal signal-to-noise ratio at 1.2 mm and 0.8 mm in-plane resolution for reduced field-of-view diffusion tensor imaging of the brainstem. In vivo application of the technique on the human pons of three subjects shows a clear delineation of the multiple local neural tracts. By comparing scans acquired with varying in-plane resolution but with constant signal-to-noise ratio, we demonstrate that increasing the resolution and reducing the partial volume effect result in higher fractional anisotropy values for the corticospinal tracts.
Dual-slope integrating analog-to-digital converter with digital self-calibration (1979)

With dual-slope integrating analog-to-digital (A/D) converters, which are most frequently used for relatively slow speed conversion, any drift in the operational amplifiers is a very critical factor in limiting their performance. A method has been proposed to eliminate the drift problem completely [1]. This short paper describes a similar but different approach to solve the problem. Some of the advantages are: no necessity for manual adjustments, the use of inexpensive amplifiers instead of costly units with no performance degradation for the temperature range limited only by digital circuits. The old method is more adaptable to ratiometric conversion, while the new method is more adaptable to normal dual-slope integrating A/D conversion with a reference voltage of opposite polarity to input signals. As is the case with the basic dual-slope converters, no precision components are required.
Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials (2002)

These books, with of a total of 40 chapters, are a comprehensive and complete introductory text on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials. They are aimed at graduate studen
Overexpression/Amplification of HER-2/neu is Uncommon in Invasive Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix (2003)

The aim of this study was to investigate HER-2/neu (c-erbB2) overexpression/amplification in carcinoma of the uterine cervix using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess whether anti-p185c-erbB2 therapy might have potential benefits in patients with advanced invasive cervical carcinoma. The authors used a protocol for p185c-erbB2 immunohistochemistry (clone CB11) that has been previously calibrated using FISH as the gold standard, showing a 98% accuracy rate in a large series of breast carcinomas. Immunolabeling for p185c-erbB2 was present in 24 of 82 (29%) of the tumors, but only 2 tumors (2%) with a labeling of more than 60% of the cells were considered positive for overexpression. FISH analysis did not find HER-2/neu gene amplification in these cases, although five other tumors showed weak and/or focal immunolabeling. There was no correlation between the presence of immunolabeling and age, histologic type, or clinical stage. Overexpression/amplification of HER-2/neu is uncommon in invasive cervical carcinoma, suggesting that there is little indication for using anti-p185c-erbB2 therapy in the treatment of these patients.
Vascular pathology in the aged human brain (2010)

Cerebral atherosclerosis (AS), small vessel disease (SVD), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most prevalent arterial disorders in the aged brain. Pathogenetically, AS and SVD share similar mechanisms: plasma protein leakage into the vessel wall, accumulation of lipid-containing macrophages, and fibrosis of the vessel wall. CAA, on the other hand, is characterized by the deposition of the amyloid beta-protein in the vessel wall. Despite these differences between CAA, AS and SVD, apolipoprotein E (apoE) is involved in all three disorders. Such a pathogenetic link may explain the correlations between AS, SVD, CAA, and Alzheimer's disease in the brains of elderly individuals reported in the literature. In addition, AS, SVD, and CAA can lead to tissue lesions such as hemorrhage and infarction. Moreover, intracerebral SVD leads to plasma protein leakage into the damaged vessel wall and into the perivascular space resulting in a blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. This SVD-related BBB dysfunction is considered to cause white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts. In this review, we demonstrate the relationship between AS, SVD, and CAA as well as their contribution to the development of vascular tissue lesions and we emphasize an important role for apoE in the pathogenesis of vessel disorders and vascular tissue lesions as well as for BBB dysfunction on WML and lacunar infarct development.
Reliable Delivery for syslog (2001)

The BSD Syslog Protocol describes a number of service options related to propagating event messages. This memo describes two mappings of the syslog protocol to TCP connections, both useful for reliable delivery of event messages. The first provides a trivial mapping maximizing backward compatibility. The second provides a more complete mapping. Both provide a degree of robustness and security in message delivery that is unavailable to the usual UDP-based syslog protocol, by providing encryption and authentication over a connection-oriented protocol.
THE NEUROLOGY OF OBSESSIONAL SLOWNESS (1991)

Seventeen of 59 patients admitted to hospital for treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were found to have significant slowness, mainly due to difficulty in initiating goal-directed action and suppressing intrusive and perseverative behaviour. In this subgroup subtle neurological abnormalities were found more frequently than in healthy controls and included loss of motor fluency, hesitancy of initiation of limb movements, speech and gait abnormalities, cogwheel rigidity, complex repetitive movements and tics. Difficulties in cognitive set-shifting and complex spatial-and-shifting abilities were found on neuropsychological testing, but no correlation was found between these disturbances and either the degree of obsessionality or the severity of motor dysfunction. These results suggest that patients with obsessional slowness may have a dysfunction in the frontal-basal-ganglia loop system.
Geração de tecnologia agroindustrial para o desenvolvimento do trópico úmido. (1996)

Identifição e técnicas de criação de polinizadores de espécies vegetais de importância econômica no estado do Pará. Biologia e fisiologia de crinipellis perniciosa do cupuaçuzeiro, em relação a fisiopatologia. Epidemologia da vassoura-de-bruxa do cupuaçuzeiro. Levantamento de microrganismos potencialmente ativos contra fussarium solani f.sp. piperis. Extração e caracterização do óleo e oleorresina da pimenta-do-reino. Comportamento de germoplasma de pimenta-do-reino em relação a produtividade e resistência a doenças em regiões da Amazônia. Caracterização bioquímica de germoplasma de fruteiras. Estudo para Identificação de vegetais produtores de corantes, ocorrentes na flora amazônica. Melhoramento de plantas de interesse econômico para a região amazônica através de técnicas in vitro. Coleta, propagação e avaliação de plantas medicinais da Amazônia.
SPICE model of the resonant-tunnelling diode (1996)

A SPICE3 model is developed for the resonant-tunnelling diode that combines a physical formulation of the coherent current component between zero bias and the valley point with an empirical formulation for the incoherent, or excess, current at bias voltages beyond the valley. The model is designed for type-I RTDs, such as GaAs/AlGaAs structures, and a fitting procedure is developed to derive the parameters of the model from the experimental current/voltage curve.
Green biocides, a promising technology: current and future applications to industry and industrial processes (2013)

The study of biofilms has skyrocketed in recent years due to increased awareness of the pervasiveness and impact of biofilms. It costs the USA literally billions of dollars every year in energy losses, equipment damage, product contamination and medical infections. But biofilms also offer huge potential for cleaning up hazardous waste sites, filtering municipal and industrial water and wastewater, and forming biobarriers to protect soil and groundwater from contamination. The complexity of biofilm activity and behavior requires research contributions from many disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics and microbiology. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of emerging novel antimicrobial techniques, including those using myriad organic and inorganic products as well as genetic engineering techniques, the use of coordination complex molecules, composite materials and antimicrobial peptides and the use of lasers as such or their modified use in combination treatments. This review also addresses advanced and recent modifications, including methodological changes, and biocide efficacy enhancing strategies. This review will provide future planners of biofilm control technologies with a broad understanding and perspective on the use of biocides in the field of green developments for a sustainable future.