gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DVT treatment in 2000: state of the art. (2000)

In the past, only symptomatic, objectively confirmed, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was treated with intravenous (or less commonly, twice-daily subcutaneous) unfractionated heparin in the hospital. Now, asymptomatic DVT (especially calf DVT) is also diagnosed by venography in clinical trials of antithrombotic therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound tests, and occasionally venography are identifying symptomatic calf DVT. Upper extremity and superior vena cava DVT are also being diagnosed more frequently, especially in hospitalized patients. For all of these patients, hospitalized or not, subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin likely represents the best therapeutic alternative. Twice-daily dosing is probably safest, but evidence supports once-daily dosing with some agents in certain circumstances. Outpatient treatment is proven safe in reliable patients with minimal comorbidities and significant cost-saving implications. The duration of anticoagulant treatment (usually, but not necessarily, oral) for different patient categories is the next area requiring disciplined scientific investigation.
Optical Transmission in Liquid-Core Quartz Fibers (1972)

Multimode liquid-core quartz fibers, potentially useful for long-distance optical communication, have been constructed. The optical transmission loss of these fibers has been measured between 6000 and 11 000 Å. Fibers filled with tetrachloroethylene or a mixture of equal parts by volume of tetrachloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride have transmission loss of 20 dB/km or less between 8400 and 8600 Å and between 10 400 and 11 000 Å. These bands are of particular interest because within them operate highly promising oscillators such as the GaAs diode and the Nd: YAG laser. An absorption peak of 80 dB/km at 9600 Å is attributed to a small percentage of OH in the tetrachloroethylene. In the wavelength intervals between 7000 and 7600 Å and between 8200 and 11 000 Å these fibers have losses lower than or about equal to those reported for any other fibers.
Variable‐field relaxometry of iron‐containing human tissues: a preliminary study (2009)

Excess iron is found in brain nuclei from neurodegenerative patients (with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases) and also in the liver and spleen of cirrhosis, hemochromatosis and thalassaemia patients. Ferritin, the iron-storing protein of mammals, is known to darken T(2)-weighted MR images. Understanding NMR tissue behavior may make it possible to detect those diseases, to follow their evolution and finally to establish a protocol for non-invasive measurement of an organ's iron content using MRI methods. In this preliminary work, the MR relaxation properties of embalmed iron-containing tissues were studied as well as their potential correlation with the iron content of these tissues. Relaxometric measurements (T(1) and T(2)) of embalmed samples of brain nuclei (caudate nucleus, dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, red nucleus and substantia nigra), liver and spleen from six donors were made at different magnetic fields (0.00023-14 T). The influence of the inter-echo time on transverse relaxation was also studied. Moreover, iron content of tissues was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. In brain nuclei, 1/T(2) increases quadratically with the field and depends on the inter-echo time in CPMG sequences at high fields, both features compatible with an outer sphere relaxation theory. In liver and spleen, 1/T(2) increases linearly with the field and depends on the inter-echo time at all fields. In our study, a correlation between 1/T(2) and iron concentration is observed. Explaining the relaxation mechanism for these tissues is likely to require a combination of several models. The value of 1/T(2) at high field could be used to evaluate iron accumulation in vivo. In the future, confirmation of those features is expected to be achieved from measurements of fresh (not embalmed) human tissues.
Global and local phase-unwrapping techniques: a comparison (1997)

We investigate the relationship between local and global phase-unwrapping techniques. We demonstrate that both algorithms are based on line integration of an estimate of the phase gradient: the former evaluates the integral along a single path, and the latter averages integrals along many paths. This analysis is extended to the weighted case. We also give an interpretation of the errors caused by an incorrect phase-gradient estimate in terms of path-following integrals.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Analysis of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2005)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been performed to investigate electronic and ionic processes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). A theoretical model has been elaborated, to interpret the frequency response of the device. The high-frequency feature is attributed to the charge transfer at the counter electrode while the response in the intermediate-frequency region is associated with the electron transport in the mesoscopic TiO2 film and the back reaction at the TiO2/electrolyte interface. The low-frequency region reflects the diffusion in the electrolyte. Using an appropriate equivalent circuit, the electron transport rate and electron lifetime in the mesoscopic film have been derived, which agree with the values derived from transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements. The EIS measurements show that DSC performance variations under prolonged thermal aging result mainly from the decrease in the lifetime of the conduction band electron in the TiO2 film.
RCN staff deserve same fair treatment as members (2001)

I am sorry to hear that RCN staff are threatening industrial action over their pay award (News February 14).
Online detection of terminal voltage in Li-ion batteries via battery impulse response (2009)

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit high levels of energy and power density among electrochemical batteries. This attribute makes them suitable for being selected as the energy storage system in electric, hybrid electric vehicle, and plug-in vehicles (EV/HEV/PHEV). One of the important issues in automotive batteries is to monitor their online state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH). Open circuit voltage, as one parameter used for predicting the SOC in the battery, is not readily available during charge and discharge cycles. In this paper a new method for prediction of the terminal voltage in Li-ion batteries based on using the impulse response has been proposed. By obtaining the impulse response of the Li-ion battery, one can use the terminal current measurement to predict the output voltage of the battery. Online comparison of the predicted and measured terminal voltage provides a tool for online monitoring of the SOH and SOC.
Treatment of chronic pain syndrome. (2000)

We address the psychological and pharmacological treatment of chronic pain syndrome. The commonly used pain management protocols in each area are described. Psychological management procedures that are covered include relaxation methods, patient education, cognitive therapy techniques, and patient compliance enhancement. Concerning pharmacological management, the World Health Organization ladder analgesic guidelines are described, as well as adjunct medications, such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics.
Geometric Texturing Using Level Sets (2008)

We present techniques for warping and blending (or subtracting) geometric textures onto surfaces represented by high resolution level sets. The geometric texture itself can be represented either explicitly as a polygonal mesh or implicitly as a level set. Unlike previous approaches, we can produce topologically connected surfaces with smooth blending and low distortion. Specifically, we offer two different solutions to the problem of adding fine-scale geometric detail to surfaces. Both solutions assume a level set representation of the base surface which is easily achieved by means of a mesh-to-level-set scan conversion. To facilitate our mapping, we parameterize the embedding space of the base level set surface using fast particle advection. We can then warp explicit texture meshes onto this surface at nearly interactive speeds or blend level set representations of the texture to produce high-quality surfaces with smooth transitions.
Chemical Deposition of Mo on Si (1968)

A good Schottky diode has been obtained by the chemical deposition of Mo on Si. Thermodynamical consideration denotes that the deposition rate of Mo is determined by solid MoCl 3 produced as the intermediate product of H 2 reduction of MoCl 5 . If the deposition temperature is above 600°C theoretical deposition rates agree with experimental results. Mo deposited on Si at 500∼800°C has the structure of fiber texture oriented to (100). Above 900°C, MoSi 2 is detected by electron diffraction analysis. Between 600 and 800°C, the Mo film of thickness 1000 Å has the resistivity which is very close to its bulk resistivity. By the deposition for 30 min. at 560°C, a good Mo-Si Schottky diode with the same barrier height as previously reported, is obtained. At 600°C, the deposition time must be within 15 min. to get a good Schottky diode. But the barrier height is about 20% higher than that of a diode, fabricated at 560°C.
Measurement of Membrane‐Bound Human Heme Oxygenase‐1 Activity Using a Chemically Defined Assay System (2009)

Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes heme degradation in a reaction requiring NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). Although most studies with HO used a 30‐kDa form, lacking the C‐terminal membrane binding region, the catalytic behavior of this enzyme is very different if this domain is retained; the overall activity being elevated 5‐fold, and the K m for CPR decreased approximately 50‐fold. The goal of these studies was to accurately measure membrane‐bound heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) activity using a coupled assay containing purified biliverdin reductase (BVR). When rat liver cytosol was used as the source of partially purified BVR, the reaction remained linear for 2‐3 min; however, the reaction was only linear for 10‐30 sec when an equivalent amount of purified, human BVR (hBVR) was used. This lack of linearity was not observed with soluble HO‐1. Optimal formation of bilirubin was achieved with concentrations of bovine serum albumin (0.25 mg/ml) and hBVR (0.025‐0.05 µM), but neither supplement increased the time that the reaction remained linear. Superoxide dismutase had no effect on the reaction; however, when catalase was included, the reactions were linear for at least 4‐5 minutes, even at high CPR levels. These results not only demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide leads to a decrease in HO‐1 activity, but also provide a chemically defined system to further examine the function of full‐length HO‐1 in a membrane environment.
Stabilized Octahedral Frameworks in Layered Double Hydroxides by Solid‐Solution Mixing of Transition Metals (2016)

Pseudocapacitors have received considerable attention, as they possess advantages of both rechargeable batteries and electric double layer capacitors. Among various active materials for pseudocapacitors, α‐layered double hydroxides (α‐TM(OH) 2 , TM = transition metal) are promising due to their high specific capacities. Yet, irreversible α‐to‐β phase transitions of α‐TM(OH) 2 hinder their long‐term cyclability, particularly when the TM is nickel. Here, it is reported that binary TM ion mixing can overcome the limited cycle lives of α‐TM(OH) 2 by stabilizing the octahedral frameworks of α‐TM(OH) 2 . In particular, an α‐TM(OH) 2 with equal amounts of nickel and cobalt exhibits long‐term capacity retention (89.0% after 2000 cycles) and specific capacity (206 mA h g −1 ), which are better than those of individual TM counterparts. A series of analyses reveals that the improved performances originate from the synergistic effects between the TM ions; the preferred trivalent state of cobalt ions stabilizes the octahedral framework by accommodating the detrimental Jahn–Teller distortion of Ni 3+ . The stabilized framework also widens the redox swing range of the nickel up to 4+, thus, increasing the specific capacity of the corresponding α‐TM(OH) 2 . This study indicates that proper mixing of TMs is a prolific approach in enhancing the vital properties of α‐TM(OH) 2 , a promising family of pseudocapacitor materials.
Security on 802.11 Wireless LAN a Comprehensive Comparison (2005)

Since the ratification of the IEEE 802.11b standard in 1999, wireless LANs have become more prevalent. Today, wireless LANs are widely deployed in places such as corporate office conference rooms, industrial warehouses, Internet-ready classrooms, and even coffeehouses.These IEEE 802.11-based wireless LANs present new challenges for network administrators and information security administrators alike. Unlike the relative simplicity of wired Ethernet deployments, 802.11-based wireless LANs broadcast radio-frequency (RF) data for the client stations to hear.[2] This presents new and complex security issues that involve augmenting the 802.11 standard. Keyword: IEEE 802.11, WLAN, Security
Ranolazine for Congenital and Acquired Late I <sub>Na</sub> -Linked Arrhythmias (2013)

Our model predictions suggest that acute targeting of INaL with ranolazine may be an effective therapeutic strategy in diverse arrhythmia-provoking situations that arise from a common pathway of increased pathological INaL.
Results of Octaplex for reversal of warfarin anticoagulation in patients with hip fracture (2019)

There were significant rates of cardiac events and 30-day mortality among patients who received Octaplex, but this is unsurprising in this population with multiple medical comorbidities. We caution against administrering both FFP and a PCC in patients for warfarin reversal. Octaplex is effective for rapidly reversing warfarin anticoagulation and reducing delays to hip fracture surgery. Further study comparing Octaplex to reversal using only vitamin K is required.
Structural Study of the <i>N,N′</i>-Dimethylpropyleneurea Solvated Lanthanoid(III) Ions in Solution and Solid State with an Analysis of the Ionic Radii of Lanthanoid(III) Ions (2010)

The structures of the N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea (dmpu) solvated lanthanoid(III) ions have been studied in dmpu solution (La-Nd, Sm-Lu) and in solid iodide salts (La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Lu) by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and single crystal X-ray diffraction (La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, and Lu); the EXAFS studies were performed on both K and L(III) absorption edges. Because of the space-demanding properties of dmpu upon coordination, dmpu solvated metal ions often show coordination numbers lower than those found in corresponding hydrates and solvates of oxygen donor solvents without steric requirements beyond the size of the donor atom. All lanthanoid(III) ions are seven-coordinate in solution, except lutetium(III) which is six-coordinated in regular octahedral fashion, whereas in the solid iodide salts the dmpu solvated lanthanoid(III) ions are all six-coordinate in regular octahedral fashion. A comparison of Ln-O bond lengths in a large number of lanthanoid(III) complexes with neutral oxygen donor ligands and different configurations shows that the metal ion-oxygen distance is specific for each coordination number with a narrow bond distance distribution. This also shows that the radius of the coordinated oxygen atom in these compounds can be assumed to be 1.34 A as proposed for coordinated water, while for ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (thf) it is somewhat larger. Using this atomic radius of oxygen in coordinated water molecules, we have calculated the ionic radii of the lanthanoid(III) ions in four- to nine-coordination and evaluated using the bond lengths reported for homo- and heteroleptic complexes in oxygen donor solvates in solution and solid state. This yields new and revised ionic radii which in some instances are significantly different from the ionic radii normally referenced in the literature, including interpolated values for the elusive promethium(III) ion.
Myosin-Binding Protein C Phosphorylation, Myofibril Structure, and Contractile Function During Low-Flow Ischemia (2005)

Dephosphorylation of MyBP-C may initiate changes in myofibril thick filament structure that decrease the interaction of myosin heads with actin thin filaments. Limiting the formation of actomyosin cross-bridges may contribute to the contractile dysfunction that is apparent after low-flow ischemia. Breakdown of MyBP-C during reperfusion may prolong myocardial stunning.
Mapping Between the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Internet Mail (2006)

The cellular telephone industry has defined a service known as the
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). This service uses formats and
protocols that are similar to, but differ in key ways from, those used
in Internet mail. One important difference between MMS and Internet
Mail is that MMS uses headers that start with X-Mms- to carry a
variety of user agent- and server-related information elements. This
document specifies how to exchange messages between these two
services, including mapping information elements as used in MMS
X-Mms-* headers as well as delivery and disposition reports, to and
from that used in SMTP and Internet message headers. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Seismic migration algorithms on multiprocessors (2003)

The authors study seismic migration algorithms in order to develop a general framework for analyzing such algorithms and to propose some coarse-grained paradigms for computation of parallel computers. They analyze a few typical examples of the various migration techniques existing in literature, and discuss methods to optimize their performance on distributed concurrently executing processors. The computational and communication requirements of the algorithms are discussed and diverse optimization techniques are proposed. The memory limitation, I/O bottleneck, and computational tradeoffs on hypercube multiprocessors are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RMSProp and equilibrated adaptive learning rates for non-convex optimization. (2015)

Parameter-specific adaptive learning rate methods are computationally efficient ways to reduce the ill-conditioning problems encountered when training large deep networks. Following recent work that strongly suggests that most of the critical points encountered when training such networks are saddle points, we find how considering the presence of negative eigenvalues of the Hessian could help us design better suited adaptive learning rate schemes, i.e., diagonal preconditioners. We show that the optimal preconditioner is based on taking the absolute value of the Hessian's eigenvalues, which is not what Newton and classical preconditioners like Jacobi's do. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive learning rate scheme based on the equilibration preconditioner and show that RMSProp approximates it, which may explain some of its success in the presence of saddle points. Whereas RMSProp is a biased estimator of the equilibration preconditioner, the proposed stochastic estimator, ESGD, is unbiased and only adds a small percentage to computing time. We find that both schemes yield very similar step directions but that ESGD sometimes surpasses RMSProp in terms of convergence speed, always clearly improving over plain stochastic gradient descent.
N,N-Diethanolaminomethyl Polystyrene: An Efficient Solid Support to Immobilize Boronic Acids (1999)

The key to the efficiency of N,N-diethanolaminomethyl polystyrene (DEAM-PS), the first solid support capable of coupling to boronic acids, is the formation of a stable, resin-bound boronic ester ate adduct (see scheme). With this resin it is now possible to efficiently immobilize a wide variety of boronic acids including functionalized ones that can be derivatized by solid-phase combinatorial synthesis.
Characteristics and Dynamic Response of Ring Spring Systems (1994)

Ring springs (also called friction springs) are a compression spring capable of dissipating large amounts of input energy due to sliding action between mating inner and outer ring elements. With appropriate ring spring geometries. energy absorption can exceed 60% of the total cycle energy. This paper describes characteristics of ring springs and details requirements for their inclusion into practical systems. Discussion covers ring spring stiffness equations, lubrication and temperature limits, ring spring guidance and pretensioning, and basic design configurations. Solutions to the equations of motion far a bi-directional ring spring system are then derived and these show that free vibration oscillations reduce to small values within a few exiles of motion. Ring springs appear to be ideal candidates for use in situations where short-duration dynamic inputs are required to be mitigated. Further research is suggested considering the development of a practical dynamic energy absorber utilising ring springs for mitigating transient and seismic excitations.
Development and Application of the Mode Choice Models According to Zone Sizes (2011)

Mode choice model is an essential element for estimating- the demand of new means of transportation in the planning stage as well as in the establishment phase. In general, current demand analysis model developed for the mode choice analysis applies common parameters of utility function in each region which causes inaccuracy in forecasting mode choice behavior. Several critical problems from using common parameters are: a common parameter set can not reflect different distribution of coefficient for travel time and travel cost by different population. Consequently, the resulting model fails to accurately explain policy variables such as travel time and travel cost. In particular, the nonlinear logit model applied to aggregation data is vulnerable to the aggregation error. The purpose of this paper is to consider the regional characteristics by adopting the parameters fitted to each area, so as to reduce prediction errors and enhance accuracy of the resulting mode choice model. In order to estimate parameter of each area, this study used Household Travel Survey Data of Metropolitan Transportation Authority. For the verification of the model, the value of time by marginal rate of substitution is evaluated and statistical test for resulting coefficients is also carried out. In order to crosscheck the applicability and reliability of the model, changes in mode choice are analyzed when Seoul subway line 9 is newly opened and the results are compared with those from the existing model developed without considering the regional characteristics.
Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> Sorption on the Rotational Reorientation Dynamics of a Model Solute Dissolved in Molten Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1998)

We report on the effects of polymer molecular weight, temperature, and near- and supercritical CO2 gas sorption on the rotational reorientation dynamics of a model solute (BTBP) dissolved in molten poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). In order to determine the BTBP rotational dynamics, we have carried out time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements in PDMS polymers of varying molecular weight. These results show that there is a linear correlation between the BTBP rotational reorientation dynamics and the PDMS polymer bulk density. Temperature-dependent studies of the BTBP/PDMS system shows that the BTBP rotational reorientation dynamics are accurately described by an Arrhenius activation model. The recovered activation energies for the BTBP dynamics are statistically the same as the activation energy for PDMS viscous flow. The addition of CO2 to the BTBP/PDMS system leads to an appreciable decrease in the BTBP rotational reorientation time with CO2 pressure. These results illustrate how polymer dilation by CO2 can be used to tailor the dynamics within polymer systems.