gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Denaturation mapping of R factor deoxyribonucleic acid (1975)

The R factor NR1 consists of two components: a resistance transfer factor which harbors the tetracycline resistance genes (RTF-TC) and the r-determinants component which harbors the other drug resistance genes. Using partial denaturation mapping it is possible to distinguish the RTF-TC region from the r-determinants region of the composite R factor NR1 DNA which has a contour length of 37 mum and a density of 1.712 g/ml. The r-determinants region was a relatively undenatured 8.5-mum segment of the molecule when the deoxyribonucleic acid was partially denatured at pH 10.7. An RTF-TC genetic segregant of NR1 which had lost the r-determinants component had a contour length of 28.7 mum and a density of 1.710 g/ml. Characterization of an RTF-TC using partial denaturation mapping at pH 10.7 confirmed that the relatively undenatured 8.5-mum r-determinants segment of the composite R factor had been deleted. Circular, transitioned NR1 DNA molecules (1.716 to 1.718 g/ml), whose contour lengths were consistent with an RTF-TC plus an integral number of tandem copies of r-determinants, were also characterized by denaturation mapping. The relatively undenatured region in these molecules had a length equal to an integral number of copies of r-determinants and was located at the same site in the partially denatured RTF-TC as the single copy of r-determinants in the 37-mum composite NR1. This indicates that there is a unique integration site for r-determinants in the RTF-TC component. The R factor UCR122, a TC deletion mutant of NR1, was also characterized by denaturation mapping. The translocation of the TC resistance gene(s) on the denaturation map permitted the alignment of the denaturation map with the heteroduplex map of Sharp et al. (u073). Linear and circular monomeric and presumed multimeric r-determinants DNA molecules (p = 1.718 g/ml) were partially denatured at a higher pH (11.10). The r-determinants multimers showed a repeating 8.3-mum (monomeric) partial denaturation pattern indicating a head-to-tail arrangement of monomers in these poly-r-determinant molecules.
Echocardiography-Guided Left Ventricular Lead Placement for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2013)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00156390.
Characterization of Transformed Arabidopsis with Altered Alternative Oxidase Levels and Analysis of Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species in Tissue  (2005)

The alternative oxidase (AOX) of plant mitochondria transfers electrons from the ubiquinone pool to oxygen without energy conservation. AOX can use reductant in excess of cytochrome pathway capacity, preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation from an over-reduced ubiquinone pool, and thus may be involved in acclimation to oxidative stresses. The AOX connection with mitochondrial ROS has been investigated only in isolated mitochondria and suspension culture cells. To study ROS and AOX in whole plants, transformed lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were generated: AtAOX1a overexpressors, AtAOX1a anti-sense plants, and overexpressors of a mutated, constitutively active AtAOX1a. In the presence of KCN, leaf tissue of either mutant or wild-type AOX overexpressors showed no increase in oxidative damage, whereas anti-sense lines had levels of damage greater than those observed for untransformed leaves. Similarly, ROS production increased markedly in anti-sense and untransformed, but not overexpressor, roots with KCN treatment. Thus, AOX functions in leaves and roots, as in suspension cells, to ameliorate ROS production when the cytochrome pathway is chemically inhibited. However, in contrast with suspension culture cells, no changes in leaf transcript levels of selected electron transport components or oxidative stress-related enzymes were detected under nonlimiting growth conditions, regardless of transformation type. Further, a microarray study using an anti-sense line showed AOX influences outside mitochondria, particularly in chloroplasts and on several carbon metabolism pathways. These results illustrate the value of expanding AOX transformant studies to whole tissues.
Two Seemingly Homologous Noncoding RNAs Act Hierarchically to Activate glmS mRNA Translation (2008)

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNA) can function as posttranscriptional activators of gene expression to regulate stress responses and metabolism. We here describe the mechanisms by which two sRNAs, GlmY and GlmZ, activate the Escherichia coli glmS mRNA, coding for an essential enzyme in amino-sugar metabolism. The two sRNAs, although being highly similar in sequence and structure, act in a hierarchical manner. GlmZ, together with the RNA chaperone, Hfq, directly activates glmS mRNA translation by an anti-antisense mechanism. In contrast, GlmY acts upstream of GlmZ and positively regulates glmS by antagonizing GlmZ RNA inactivation. We also report the first example, to our knowledge, of mRNA expression being controlled by the poly(A) status of a chromosomally encoded sRNA. We show that in wild-type cells, GlmY RNA is unstable due to 3' end polyadenylation; whereas in an E. coli pcnB mutant defective in RNA polyadenylation, GlmY is stabilized and accumulates, which in turn stabilizes GlmZ and causes GlmS overproduction. Our study reveals hierarchical action of two well-conserved sRNAs in a complex regulatory cascade that controls the glmS mRNA. Similar cascades of noncoding RNA regulators may operate in other organisms.
Differentially coupled outphasing WCDMA transmitter with inverse class F power amplifiers (2006)

This paper presents design and practical implementation of an outphasing WCDMA transmitter with highly efficient inverse class F packaged LDMOS power amplifiers (PA's). Both PA's are modeled as phase-modulated voltage sources connected in series, being differentially coupled at the output. The implementation of differential coupling with voltage sources is an alternative to the conventional design. The circuit operates as theoretically predicted. A peak power of 24 W with a peak drain efficiency of 61% and for a 5 dB PAR (peak to average ratio) QPSK signal a drain efficiency of 32 % is reported. The performance of the transmitter and measurement results are presented.
Characterization of posttranslational modifications in neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin by mass spectrometry. (1991)

Class III beta-tubulin, isolated from adult bovine brain, is resolved into at least seven charge variants on isoelectric focusing gels. To identify the posttranslational modifications responsible for this heterogeneity, a mixture of brain tubulins was treated with cyanogen bromide and the C-terminal fragments from the class III beta-tubulin isoforms were then isolated by binding them to the monoclonal antibody TuJ1. Combined use of tandem mass spectrometry and both subtractive and automated Edman degradation chemistry on the isolated peptides indicates that many of the isoforms differ by phosphorylation at Ser-444 plus attachment of one to six glutamic acid molecules to the side chain of the first glutamate residue, Glu-438, in the C-terminal sequence Tyr-Glu-Asp-Asp-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ser-glu-Ala-Gln-Gly-Pro-Lys.
Membrane‐associated GTPases in bacteria (1992)

Members of the GTPase superfamily are extremely important in regulating membrane signalling pathways in all cells. This review focuses on membrane-associated GTPases that have been described in prokaryotes. In bacteria, LepA and NodQ are very similar to protein synthesis elongation factors but apparently have membrane-related functions. The amino acid sequences of FtsY and Ffh are clearly related to eukaryotic factors involved in protein secretion. Obg and Era are not closely related to any GTPase subgroup according to amino acid sequence comparisons, but they are essential for viability. In spite of similarities to well-studied eukaryotic proteins the signalling pathways of these cellular regulators, with the exception of NodQ, have not yet been elucidated.
Enhancement of Adenovirus Plaque Formation on HeLa Cells by Magnesium Chloride (1970)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Preparation, stability, and in vitro performance of vesicles made with diblock copolymers (2001)

Vesicles made completely from diblock copolymers-polymersomes-can be stably prepared by a wide range of techniques common to liposomes. Processes such as film rehydration, sonication, and extrusion can generate many-micron giants as well as monodisperse, approximately 100 nm vesicles of PEO-PEE (polyethyleneoxide-polyethylethylene) or PEO-PBD (polyethyleneoxide-polybutadiene). These thick-walled vesicles of polymer can encapsulate macromolecules just as liposomes can but, unlike many pure liposome systems, these polymersomes exhibit no in-surface thermal transitions and a subpopulation even survive autoclaving. Suspension in blood plasma has no immediate ill-effect on vesicle stability, and neither adhesion nor stimulation of phagocytes are apparent when giant polymersomes are held in direct, protracted contact. Proliferating cells, in addition, are unaffected when cultured for an extended time with an excess of polymersomes. The effects are consistent with the steric stabilization that PEG-lipid can impart to liposomes, but the present single-component polymersomes are far more stable mechanically and are not limited by PEG-driven micellization. The results potentiate a broad new class of technologically useful, polymer-based vesicles.
Magnetic reversal in perpendicularly oriented thin films subjected to picosecond magnetic fields (abstract) (1996)

The magnetic reversal mechanism in perpendicularly oriented, premagnetized Co based thin film alloys, induced by ultra short magnetic field exposure of a few picoseconds duration has been studied. Field pulses with a magnitude of several thousand Tesla were generated by the 50 GeV final focus electron beam at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Characteristic remanent domain patterns are observed in these films long after field exposure using polar Kerr microscopy. Complete reversal of the magnetization is found to occur during a single spin precession event of 6.0 ps duration where the inplane-field amplitude is greater or equal to the macroscopically determined perpendicular anisotropy field. Further, a wide transition range, dividing the reversed and nonreversed regions is observed which is broken into a quasi periodic stripe domain structure with stripe-width 0.3 μm. As a main result of this experimental study we find that magnetization reversal on this time scale is solely governed by the intrinsic effective field, i.e., anisotropy- and demagnetization-field contributions, rather then by complex curling and buckling mechanisms. Unique insight into fundamental spin reversal mechanisms and their ultimate speed in thin magnetic recording films is provided by these experiments.
Doping of fluorographene by surface adsorbates (2011)

Density functional theory is used to investigate the possibility of doping fluorographene by surface adsorbates. The structure and electronic properties of fluorographene with adsorbed K, Li, Au atoms, and F4-TCNQ molecule are described. It is shown that adsorption of K or Li atoms results in electron doping of fluorographene, while Au atoms and F4-TCNQ introduce deep levels inside the band gap. The calculated value of the fluorographene work function is extremely high, 7.3 eV, suggesting that p-type doping is difficult to achieve.
A modeling approach for quantifying tumor hypoxia with [F‐18]fluoromisonidazole PET time‐activity data (1995)

[F-18]fluoromisonidazole (FMISO), a positron-emitting nitroimidazole, binds preferentially to hypoxic cells. It has been used to image hypoxia in human tumors with positron emission tomography (PET). In order to quantify tumor oxygenation status from these PET data, a kinetic model of FMISO cellular bioreduction has been developed to relate cellular oxygen concentration to the cellular FMISO reaction rate constant, kappa A. Also, a compartmental model of FMISO transport and metabolism has been developed to compute the volume average kappa A in tissue regions from [F-18]FMISO PET time-activity data. This compartmental model was characterized using Monte Carlo simulations and [F-18]FMISO PET time-activity data. The model performed well in Monte Carlo simulations; performance was enhanced by fixing three of the seven model parameters at physiologically reasonable values. The four parameters optimized were blood flow rate, kappa A for two partial volume/spillover correction factors. The model was able to accurately determine kappa A for a variety of computer-generated time-activity curv including those for hypothetical heterogeneous tissue regions and poorly perfused tissue regions. The model was also able to fit [H-3]FMISO time-activity data from 36B-10 rat tumors as well as [F-18]FMISO PET time-activity data from a human patient with a base of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The kappa A values in muscles ROIs were comparable to those in well-oxygenated cell monolayers while kappa A values in tumor ROIs were greater, suggesting the presence of hypoxic cells in the tumor.
Flame Photometry (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlame PhotometryV. W. MelocheCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 12, 1844–1847Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60120a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60120a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 1.8V 10bit 100Msps Pipelined Analog to Digital Converter (2008)

A novel low-voltage,low constant-impedance switch is proposed,which not only eliminates the parasitic capacitor but also reduces the variation of switch resistance.With the gain-boost technology,the operational transconductance amplifier used in this analog-to-digital converter (ADC) achieves enough DC gain and unity-gain frequency under the low voltage supply and to guarantee the performance of the sample and hold circuit (S/H) and the sub-stages.Based on these methods,a 10bit 100Msps pipelined ADC is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process and operates under a 1.8V voltage supply.The ADC achieves an SNR of 54.2dB (input frequency of 6.26MHz) and an SNR of 49.8dB (input frequency of 48.96MHz) when the sampling frequency is 100MHz.
Apoptosis-inducing effect of the DR5 monoclonal antibody, D-6, alone or in combination with cisplatin, on A2780 ovarian cancer cells (2012)

Death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody (D-6) is a monoclonal antibody directed against DR5. The aim of this study was to explore the apoptosis-inducing effects of DR5 (D-6), alone or in combination with cisplatin, on A2780 ovarian cancer cells. The cells were treated with various concentrations of cisplatin and/or DR5 (D-6), or a combination of both. For the control group, the cells were treated only with culture medium. Twenty-four hours after the culture, the morphological changes of each group were observed under an inverted microscope. The cell growth inhibition rates were also analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and the apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the intracellular reaction. Our results showed that DR5 monoclonal antibody (D-6) was able to induce the apoptosis and increase the cell growth inhibition rates of ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was enhanced by cisplatin. There were significant morphological changes, a higher cell growth inhibition rate and apoptosis rate and lesser expression of caspase-3, 8, 9 precursors in the cells treated with both cisplatin and DR5 (D-6). The combination treatment of the DR5 monoclonal antibody (D-6) with cisplatin may be a promising treatment for ovarian cancer.
Selective Hg(II) Detection in Aqueous Solution with Thiol Derivatized Fluoresceins (2006)

The syntheses and photophysical properties of mercury sensors 2 and 3 (MS2 and MS3), two asymmetrically derivatized fluorescein-based dyes designed for Hg(II) detection, are described. These sensors each contain a single pyridyl-amine-thiol metal-binding moiety, form 1:1 complexes with Hg(II), and exhibit selectivity for Hg(II) over other Group 12 metals, alkali and alkaline earth metals, and most divalent first-row transition metals. Both dyes display superior brightness (Phi x epsilon) and fluorescence enhancement following Hg(II) coordination in aqueous solution. At neutral pH, the fluorescence turn-on derives from greater brightness due to increased molar absorptivity. At higher pH, photoinduced electron transfer quenching of the free dye is enhanced, and the Hg(II)-induced turn-on also benefits from alleviation of this pathway. MS2 can detect ppb levels of Hg(II) in aqueous solution, demonstrating its ability to identify environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg(II).
Impact of antimony doping on microdefect formation in Czochralski grown silicon crystals (2005)

Abstract The impact of antimony doping on the formation of vacancy‐ and interstitial‐type microdefects in Czochralski silicon is studied by growing test crystals with different Sb doping levels, in the range from 0 (undoped) to 3 × 10 18 cm –3 , and with different pulling rates. Antimony is found to cause a shift from interstitial‐ to vacancy‐type microdefects, observable already at a concentration of ≈10 17 cm –3 . The shift coefficient K for antimony is estimated to be 7.2 × 10 –19 cm 3 . (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toll-like Receptor 3-mediated Necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL (2013)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns that mediate well established cytokine-driven pathways, activating NF-κB together with IRF3/IRF7. In addition, TLR3 drives caspase 8-regulated programmed cell death pathways reminiscent of TNF family death receptor signaling. We find that inhibition or elimination of caspase 8 during stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, or TLR9 results in receptor interacting protein (RIP) 3 kinase-dependent programmed necrosis that occurs through either TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) or MyD88 signal transduction. TLR3 or TLR4 directly activates programmed necrosis through a RIP homotypic interaction motif-dependent association of TRIF with RIP3 kinase (also called RIPK3). In fibroblasts, this pathway proceeds independent of RIP1 or its kinase activity, but it remains dependent on mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) downstream of RIP3 kinase. Here, we describe two small molecule RIP3 kinase inhibitors and employ them to demonstrate the common requirement for RIP3 kinase in programmed necrosis induced by RIP1-RIP3, DAI-RIP3, and TRIF-RIP3 complexes. Cell fate decisions following TLR signaling parallel death receptor signaling and rely on caspase 8 to suppress RIP3-dependent programmed necrosis whether initiated directly by a TRIF-RIP3-MLKL pathway or indirectly via TNF activation and the RIP1-RIP3-MLKL necroptosis pathway.
Deaths: Final Data for 2012. (2015)

The decline of the age-adjusted death rate to a record low value for the United States, and the increase in life expectancy to a record high value of 78.8 years, are consistent with long-term trends in mortality.
SU‐GG‐T‐336: Effect of Treatment and Beam Parameters on Surface Dose in Proton Beam Therapy (2010)

Purpose : The advantage of lower skin dose in proton beam therapy may result in less radiation‐related side effects which are typically seen in hypo‐fractionated conventional external beam therapies. In this study, we evaluate the surface dose (SD) in proton therapy as a function of various beam parameters. Materials & Methods : SD is defined as the ratio of absorbed dose on CAX at surface to that at the middle of the Spread‐Out Bragg Peak (SOBP). SD in proton therapy is affected by several parameters: energy ( E ), SOBP , source‐to‐surface distance ( SSD ), air gap ( g ), field radius ( r ), material thickness upstream of surface besides air ( t ), atomic number of medium ( Z ), beam angle relative to surface (q), and nozzle type ( N ). The parameters, t, Z and q are not included in this study.. Results : Giving a proton range in water of 27 cm, SD rises from 30 to 90% with SOBP increasing from 0 to17cm. At high energy, SD is 5% higher in the uniform scanning (US) nozzle than in double scattering (DS) nozzle. This can be explained by the large difference in source‐to‐axis distances in US and DS nozzles (250 cm vs 320 cm). SSD and g have minimal impact on SD for r > 2.5cm. For small fields ( r < 2.5cm), SD increases significantly with field size decreases. Within 15mm of the surface there is a small but pronounced 2% buildup in proton beam at high energies, which may be partially due to secondary electrons, secondary protons and heavy charged particles. Conclusions : In a clinical setting, SD is most significantly affected by SOBP extent, followed by field size, SAD, and beam energy. In general, SD ranges from 50 to 95%. It is important to clearly understand and minimize SD in Proton therapy, especially in hypo‐fractioned treatments.
Tolerance of Volunteers to Cyclosporine A-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine Liposome Aerosol (1997)

Cyclosporine A (CsA) in liposomes of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), containing 118 micrograms of CsA/L of aerosol with a particle size of 1.6 to 1.7 micron diameter, was inhaled by 10 nonsmoking, normal volunteers each for 45 min. Aerosol was administered through an Aerotech II nebulizer (CIS-US, Inc., Bedford, MA) mouthpiece. Eight of the 10 volunteers had tracheal irritation and intermittent coughing following exposure. FEV1 and FVC values were mildly reduced, but returned to normal in 1 h. Blood chemical and hematologic values were unchanged at any time point after as opposed to before inhalation. Nine of the 10 volunteers later inhaled DLPC only, administered through the nebulizer mouthpiece. There was no change in FEV1 or FVC values, and there was no coughing or tracheal irritation. Subsequently, five of the volunteers who had previously had respiratory reactions inhaled CsA-DLPC liposome aerosol for 45-min, but through a mouth-only face mask. There was no tracheal irritation, coughing, or changes in spirometric measures. Blood concentrations of CsA at 15 min after the 45-min inhalation with a face mask averaged 83 +/- 42 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). At 24 h after treatment, CsA was undetectable in blood of the initial 10 volunteers. These studies indicate that CsA-DLPC liposome aerosol can be safely explored as a treatment for patients with moderately severe asthma.