gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cell seeded, biomimetic 3D printed scaffolds induce complete bridging of femoral critical sized defects (2018)

No current clinical treatments provide an ideal long-term solution for repair of long bone segment defects. Incomplete healing prevents patients from returning to preinjury activity and ultimately requires additional surgery to induce healing. Obtaining autologous graft material is costly, incurs morbidity, requires surgical time, and quality material is finite. In this pilot study, 3D printed biomimetic scaffolds were used to facilitate rapid bone bridging in critical sized defects in a sheep model. An inverse trabecular pattern based on micro-CT scans of sheep trabecular bone was printed in polybutylene terephthalate. Scaffolds were coated with micron-sized tricalcium phosphate particles to induce osteoconductivity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from sheep inguinal and tail fat, in one group of sheep and scaffolds were infiltrated with MSCs in a bioreactor. Controls did not undergo surgery for cell extraction. Scaffolds were implanted into two experimental and two control adult sheep, and followed for either 3 or 6 months. Monthly radiographs and post explant micro-CT scanning demonstrated bone formation on the lateral, anterior, medial, and posterior-medial aspects along the entire length of the defect. Bone formation was absent on the posterior-lateral aspect where a muscle is generally attached to the bone. The 3-month time point showed 15.5% more cortical bone deposition around the scaffold circumference while the 6-month time point showed 40.9% more bone deposition within scaffold pores. Control sheep failed to unite. Serum collagen type-1C-terminus telopeptides (CTX-1) showed time-dependent levels of bone resorption, and calcein labeling demonstrated an increase in bone formation rate in treated animals compared with controls. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 242-252, 2019.
Selective provenance for datalog programs using top-k queries (2015)

Highly expressive declarative languages, such as datalog , are now commonly used to model the operational logic of data-intensive applications. The typical complexity of such datalog programs, and the large volume of data that they process, call for result explanation. Results may be explained through the tracking and presentation of data provenance , and here we focus on a detailed form of provenance ( how-provenance ), defining it as the set of derivation trees of a given fact. While informative, the size of such full provenance information is typically too large and complex (even when compactly represented) to allow displaying it to the user. To this end, we propose a novel top-k query language for querying datalog provenance, supporting selection criteria based on tree patterns and ranking based on the rules and database facts used in derivation. We propose an efficient novel algorithm based on (1) instrumenting the datalog program so that, upon evaluation, it generates only relevant provenance, and (2) efficient top-k (relevant) provenance generation, combined with bottom-up datalog evaluation. The algorithm computes in polynomial data complexity a compact representation of the top-k trees which may be explicitly constructed in linear time with respect to their size. We further experimentally study the algorithm performance, showing its scalability even for complex datalog programs where full provenance tracking is infeasible.
Induction of Phage-Specific Antibodies by Two Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophages Administered per os (2019)

In therapeutic phage applications oral administration is a common and well-accepted delivery route. Phages applied <i>per os</i> may elicit a specific humoral response, which may in turn affect phage activity. We present specific anti-phage antibody induction in mice receiving therapeutic staphylococcal bacteriophage A3R or 676Z in drinking water. The schedule comprised: (1) primary exposure to phages for 100 days, followed by (2) diet without phage for 120 days, and (3) secondary exposure to the same phage for 44 days. Both phages induced specific antibodies in blood (IgM, IgG, IgA), even though poor to ineffective translocation of the phages to blood was observed. IgM reached a maximum on day 22, IgG increased from day 22 until the end of the experiment. Specific IgA in the blood and in the gut were induced simultaneously within about 2 months; the IgA level gradually decreased when phage was removed from the diet. Importantly, phage-specific IgA was the limiting factor for phage activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Multicopy proteins (major capsid protein and tail morphogenetic protein H) contributed significantly to phage immunogenicity (IgG), while the baseplate protein gpORF096 did not induce a significant response. Microbiome composition assessment by next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that no important changes correlated with phage treatment.
Content of Brain Aluminum Is Not Elevated in Alzheimer Disease (1996)

Several studies have reported that the bulk aluminum (Al) concentration is increased in the brain in Alzheimer disease (AD), while other studies have failed to demonstrate an increase. Most of these investigations have had one or more methodological deficiencies, including lack of adequate neuropathological assessment; failure to age-match the control samples; small sample sizes, lacking statistical power; and geographical heterogeneity in the AD and control populations. The present population-based study of 92 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed AD patients and normal elderly nursing home residents was designed to avoid these potential biases. When a subsample of AD cases with the most severe brain pathology was compared with controls having no or minimal pathology, no statistically significant differences were found in the bulk aluminum concentration measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in frontal cortex (1.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.7 micrograms/g dry wt), temporal cortex (1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.5 micrograms/g dry wt), liver (2.0 +/- 1.3 vs. 2.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/g dry wt), or head of femur (2.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.0 micrograms/g ash wt). Within the whole series of 92 cases, there was no difference in the bulk aluminum concentration of the frontal cortex between individuals diagnosed as definite, probable, and possible cases of AD using the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) criteria. The density of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in frontal and temporal cortex showed no correlation with the bulk aluminum concentration. Logistic regression analyses, which controlled for age and sex, did not influence outcome for any of the comparisons. The data show conclusively that in AD, bulk aluminum concentration is not increased in two cortical brain regions that are selectively vulnerable to the neuropathological changes associated with this disorder.
Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials (2004)

We report true left-handed (LH) behavior in a composite metamaterial consisting of a periodically arranged split ring resonator (SRR) and wire structures. We demonstrate the magnetic resonance of the SRR structure by comparing the transmission spectra of SRRs with those of closed SRRs. We have confirmed experimentally that the effective plasma frequency of the LH material composed of SRRs and wires is lower than the plasma frequency of the wires. A well-defined LH transmission band with a peak value of -1.2 dB (-0.3 dB/cm) was obtained. The experimental results agree extremely well with the theoretical calculations.
From “White Ribbon” to “Black Belt”: A Direct Observation of the Kooi Effect Masking Film by Transmission Electron Microscopy (1993)

A black micromasking film at the edge of bird's beak along the localized oxidation of silicon edge is observed for the first time. It looks like an "eyelash" in the cross‐sectional transmission electron microscope (XTEM) images and like a "black belt" in the top view TEM images. The defects responsible for the "white ribbon" in the "Kooi effect" are observed in the first few seconds of high resolution TEM before they are vaporized. These defects are shown to be a nonstoichiometric silicon oxynitride compound because they are not eliminated by etching with hot phosphoric acid.
Controlling Shell Thickness in Core−Shell Gold Nanoparticles via Surface-Templated Adsorption of Block Copolymer Surfactants (2005)

When Au nanoparticles are encapsulated within shells of cross-linked, block copolymer amphiphiles, the structure of the shells is determined by the initial interaction between the amphiphile and the nanoparticle surface. In the case of small nanoparticles, for which particle size is comparable to the dimension of the block copolymer (ρAu/Rg ≈ 1), particles act like solutes that are dissolved within polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) micelle cores. In the case of larger nanoparticles (ρAu/Rg > 1), PS-b-PAA adsorption is templated by the particle surface, and a concentric core−shell structure is formed. The thickness of this shell can be predicted from theoretical models of polymer adsorption onto highly curved surfaces and controlled by varying the ratio of polymer to available nanoparticle surface area. We anticipate that these rules will illustrate how cross-linked copolymer shells with predetermined thickness can be used to stabilize and functionalize a variety of nanoparticle materials.
Learning human pose in crowd (2010)

In a crowded public space, body and head pose can provide useful information for understanding human behaviours and intentions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for locating people and inferring their body and head poses. Human detection and pose estimation are two closely related problems but have been tackled independently in previous studies. In this work, we advocate joint detection and recognition of both head and body poses. Our framework is based on learning an ensemble of pose-sensitive human body models whose outputs provide a new representation for poses. To avoid tedious and inconsistent manual annotation for learning pose-sensitive models, we formulate a semi-supervised learning method for model training which bootstraps an initial model using a small set of labelled data, and subsequently improves the model iteratively by data mining from a large unlabelled dataset. Experiments using data from a busy underground station demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art person detector and is able to yield extremely accurate head and body pose estimation in crowded public spaces.
Robust mixture models for anomaly detection (2016)

We propose robust density estimation in a low dimensional space for anomaly detection. The outline of the method is as follows: first a low dimensional representation of the original data is learnt. Then, a robust density mixture model is estimated in the learnt space. Finally, the likelihood of a data point given the model parameters is used to apply anomaly detection. An efficient way for adapting the model parameters when the data distribution is changing with time is proposed. We further show how to identify the actual parameters in the original feature space that accounts for the occurrence of the anomaly. We present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Neuronal Na+ channel blockade suppresses arrhythmogenic diastolic Ca2+ release (2014)

Thus, our study offers the first evidence that nNav contribute to arrhythmogenic DCR, thereby providing a conceptual basis for mechanism-based antiarrhythmic therapy.
Characterization of (1120) Textured ZnO Films Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering (2004)

Using a conventional RF magnetron sputtering system, we have obtained two types of ZnO films on various kinds of substrate. One is a film with the c -axes of crystallites unidirectionally aligned in the substrate plane {(112̄0) textured film}. The other is a film with c -axes parallel and perpendicular to the plane (mixed texture film). The former is expected to realize a shear wave transducer on the surfaces of various materials. The alignment of c -axes of crystallites in the plane was then carefully investigated by the X-ray pole figure analysis. The elastic anisotropy in the film has been successfully measured by the Brillouin scattering method. The (112̄0) textured film did not excite the elastic waves; however, comparatively strong shear waves were actually excited by the mixed texture film.
On the search for compatible numbers in the design of maximally decimated perfect reconstruction non-uniform filter bank (2002)

The theory and design of critically sampled perfect reconstruction (PR) uniform filter bank (FB) is well established. However, the principles of non-uniform PR FB are still an active research topic. A number of necessary (compatibility) conditions have been identified, which any set of integer decimation factors must satisfy for existence of a realizable maximally-decimated perfect-reconstruction non-uniform filter bank. The search for a compatible-set, in the neighborhood of a desired set of decimation factors, can be computationally prohibitive, as it is exponential to the number of filters in the bank. We propose a branch-and-bound algorithm to efficiently search for compatible-sets. We present experimental results for a compatible set of a 26-filter bank, matching the critical bands of the human auditory system very closely.
The Diversity of Attention Deficits in ADHD (2005)

The performance of participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to control participants was measured on four tasks uniquely assessing the functions of selective attention, executive attention, sustained attention, and orienting of attention. The results showed that deficits in sustained attention were the most pronounced, characterizing most participants with ADHD and deficits in each of the other three functions characterized more than half of these participants. Different participants with ADHD revealed different clusters of attentional deficits. These results call for a revision of leading theories of ADHD that identify the core of the pathology as a sole deficit in executive functions.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Including Emoji Data (2017)

Sentiment analysis of text is a valuable tool used to identify and classify bodies of text for various purposes, including public sentiment detection in political campaigns, spam detection and threat assessment. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of incorporating Emoji data for Twitter data emotion classification. We conducted experiments using Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification methods, with automatically labeled Twitter data. We compare the accuracy of these classification methods with and without the Emoji data included over varying vocabulary sizes. We find that MNB outperforms SVM on the data for large vocabulary sizes, and both classifiers perform slightly better with the Emoji data included.
Optimum encoding of binary phase-only filters with a simulated annealing algorithm (1989)

A simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to encode binary phase-only filters optimally for image recognition. Similar patterns that cannot be distinguished with conventional filter encoding methods are clearly distinguished with the optimized filter. The computational requirements for optimizing the filter are not excessive.
The relative stability of alkyl-substituted benzene anions in the gas phase (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe relative stability of alkyl-substituted benzene anions in the gas phaseK. D. Jordan, J. A. Michejda, and P. D. BurrowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5, 1295–1296Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00421a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00421a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Submillimeter-Wave Radar: Solid-State System Design and Applications (2014)

For decades, the principal role of microwave engineering techniques in the submillimeter (submm)-wave, or terahertz (THz), regime, spanning about 300 GHz-3 THz, has been to optimize the performance of components and systems used in molecular spectroscopy measurements for astronomy, earth science, and plasma diagnostics [1]. THz applications beyond spectroscopy have been much slower to develop. Ultrahigh bandwidth communication at THz frequencies may have the most powerful market forces to support it, but no systems have been deployed beyond the prototype stage, likely because of the unavailability of commercial submm-wave components, challenges with integrating them with existing communications hardware, and the often severe atmospheric attenuation.
Manure composition of swine as affected by dietary protein and cellulose concentrations1 (2006)

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reducing dietary CP and increasing dietary cellulose concentrations on manure DM, C, N, S, VFA, indole, and phenol concentrations. Twenty-two pigs (105 kg initial BW) were fed diets containing either 14.5 or 12.0% CP, in combination with either 2.5 or 8.7% cellulose. Pigs were fed twice daily over the 56-d study, with feed intake averaging 2.74 kg/d. Feces and urine were collected after each feeding and added to the manure storage containers. Manure storage containers were designed to provide a similar unit area per animal as found in industry (7,393 cm2). Before sampling on d 56, the manure was gently stirred to obtain a representative sample for subsequent analyses. An interaction of dietary CP and cellulose was observed for manure acetic acid concentration, in that decreasing CP lowered acetic acid in pigs fed standard levels of cellulose but increased acetic acid in pigs fed greater levels of cellulose (P = 0.03). No other interactions were noted. Decreasing dietary CP reduced manure pH (P = 0.01), NH4 (P = 0.01), isovaleric acid (P = 0.06), phenol (P = 0.05), and 4-ethyl phenol (P = 0.02) concentrations. Increasing dietary cellulose decreased pH (P = 0.01) and NH4 (P = 0.07) concentration but increased manure C (P = 0.03), propionic acid (P = 0.01), butyric acid (P = 0.03), and cresol (P = 0.09) concentrations in the manure. Increasing dietary cellulose also increased manure DM (P = 0.11), N (P = 0.11), and C (P = 0.02) contents as a percentage of nutrient intake. Neither cellulose nor CP level of the diet affected manure S composition or output as a percentage of S intake. Headspace N2O concentration was increased by decreasing dietary CP (P = 0.03) or by increasing dietary cellulose (P = 0.05). Neither dietary CP nor cellulose affected headspace concentration of CH4. This study demonstrates that diets differing in CP and cellulose content can significantly impact manure composition and concentrations of VFA, phenol, and indole, and headspace concentrations of N(2)O, which may thereby affect the environmental impact of livestock production on soil, air, and water.
Studies of Plants Containing Indole Alkaloids. IX. Quantitative Analysis on the Tertiary Alkaloids in Various Parts of Uncaria rhynchophylla MIQ. (1983)

Quantitative analysis of the tertiary alkaloids in various parts of Uncaria rhynchophylla MIQ. was made by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The best result was obtained in the following conditions : column ; Radial Pak C8 and mobile phase ; CH3CN-0.05M AcONH4 buffer (pH 4.0) [90 : 10]. The result revealed that the constitution of the alkaloids varied markedly depending on the botanical parts examined. While oxindole alkaloids (1, 2, 3 and 6) occupy ca. 97% of total alkaloids in hook, small stem and leaf, respectively, content of indole alkaloids (mainly 8 and 10) is almost exclusive (ca. 96%) in the bark of underground part. In the bark of aerial part both oxindole and indole alkaloids were found to be contained in nearly equal amounts. The alkaloidal content is very low in the wood (aerial or underground part) but the content ratios of rare alkaloids (4 and 7) to the total alkaloids are higher than the other parts.
Chloromethylstyrene: Synthesis, Polymerization, Transformations, Applications (1982)

Abstract Although scarcely used before 1972, chlororaethylstyrenes (ortho, meta, and para) have been the subject of an increasing number of publications and patents since then: 5 publications in 1972, 22 in 1973, 29 in 1976. The yearly average is now about 40 publications.
Determination of Electron Depth-Dose Curves for Water, ICRU Tissue, and PMMA and Their Application to Radiation Protection Dosimetry (1994)

For monoenergetic electrons in the energy range between 60 keV and 10 MeV, normally incident on water, 4-element ICRU tissue and PMMA phantoms, depth-dose curves have been calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The phantoms' shape was that of a rectangular solid with a square front face of 30 cm x 30 cm and a thickness of 15 cm; it corresponds to that recommended by the ICRU for use in the procedure of calibrating radiation protection dosemeters. The depth-dose curves have been used to determine practical ranges, half-value depths, electron fluence to maximum absorbed dose conversion factors, and conversion factors between electron fluence and absorbed dose at depths d corresponding to 0.007 g.cm-2, 0.3 g.cm-2, and 1.0 g.cm-2. The latter data can be used as fluence to dose equivalent conversion factors for extended parallel electron beams.