gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive demodulation of miniature fiber-optic-based interferometric sensors using a time-multiplexing technique (1991)

A passive demodulation technique suitable for interferometric interrogation of short optical cavities is described. It is based on time multiplexing of two low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometers subject to the same measurand and with a differential optical phase of pi/2 (modulo 2pi). Independently of the cavity length, two optical outputs in quadrature are generated, which permits signal reading free of fading. The concept is demonstrated for the measurement of vibration using a simple processing scheme.
Device-Free Activity Recognition Using Ultra-Wideband Radios (2019)

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a fundamental building block for the current trend of smart devices in Internet of Things (IoT). Ultra-Wideband RF technology has been used in localization research while Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) has been widely investigated for non-obtrusive activity recognition in the literature. This paper investigates the feasibility of using UWB technology for Human Activity Recognition (HAR). The key idea is to use machine learning classification algorithms most suited to train models to classify different activities using the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) data of the UWB signals. Our experiments show that by using CIR data as features we can classify simple activities such as standing, sitting, lying with an accuracy of 95%. To compare this performance, we have also trained statistical models using Wi-Fi CSI. We found that, for all models UWB CIR significantly outperformed Wi-Fi CSI. Thus, we believe UWB to be a very effective technology in the context of device-free activity recognition.
Foot and Ankle Strength Assessment Using Hand-Held Dynamometry: Reliability and Age-Related Differences (2009)

Hand-held dynamometry is a reliable instrument to measure the foot and ankle strength of young and older adults. Ageing is associated with a reduction in strength of between 24 and 37% for the muscles responsible for movement of the foot and ankle.
Functions for DNA Methylation in Vertebrates (1993)

DNA methylation is ancestrally a mechanism for neutralizing potentially damaging DNA elements in the genome. The genomes of most multicellular organisms contain a small fraction of methylated DNA that contains the methylated elements, whereas the organism's own genes remain free of methylation. Vertebrates are exceptional among animals in that their genomes, including genes, are predominantly methylated. They retain the ability to inactivate viral DNA but have recruited the DNA methylation system for new functions. Widespread low-density methylation can contribute to lowering of the level of transcriptional "noise" from cryptic or inappropriate promoters. This may be the major advantage of DNA methylation in these organisms and may be sufficiently beneficial to offset the disadvantage of m5C mutability. The other novel feature of DNA methylation in vertebrates is the capacity to de novo methylate certain CpG islands, causing long-term strong repression. These evolutionary innovations may explain the high complexity of vertebrate organs and cell types.
Effects of Sublethal DDT on a Simple Reflex in Brook Trout (1970)

Brook trout were conditioned in about 30 trials to exhibit the propeller-tail reflex, with electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus and light as the conditioning stimulus. When the trout were exposed for 24 hr to sublethal DDT (20 ppb), more than half could not be conditioned at all; the remainder required significantly more trials than did the untreated ones. Three to four weeks after initial testing, the DDT effect had largely disappeared. It seemed likely that the DDT was acting upon central nervous system structures. The general ecological implications of the results are discussed.
<title>AVPUC: automatic video production with user customization</title> (2005)

Nowadays, multiple video cameras are employed for live broadcast and recording of almost all major social events in the TV industry, and all these camera streams have to be aggregated and rendered into one video program for audiences. While this content composition process aims at presenting the most interesting perspective of an event, it leads to the problem of how to fully customize the finally composed video program to different audience interests without requiring too much input from the audience. The goal of this work is to solve this problem by proposing the Automatic Video Production with User Customization (AVPUC) system that separates the video stream interestingness comparison from video program rendering to provide space for maximized customization. The unique feature of the AVPUC systems is that Human-controlled video selection and automatic video evaluation are combined to support video content customization and reduce redundant audience inputs. Preliminary evaluation results confirm that AVPUC's capturing-evaluation-render model for video production improves audiences' satisfaction for customized multi-perspective viewing of social events.
Signals from the spindle midzone are required for the stimulation of cytokinesis in cultured epithelial cells. (1996)

The interaction between the mitotic spindle and the cellular cortex is thought to play a critical role in stimulating cell cleavage. However, little is understood about the nature of such interactions, particularly in tissue culture cells. We have investigated the role of the spindle midzone in signaling cytokinesis by creating a barrier in cultured epithelial cells with a blunted needle, to block signals that may emanate from this region. When the barrier was created during metaphase or early anaphase, cleavage took place only on the sides of the cortex facing the mitotic spindle. Microtubules on the cleaving side showed organization typical of that in normal dividing cells. On the noncleaving side, most microtubules passed from one side of the equator into the other without any apparent organization, and actin filaments failed to organize in the equatorial region. When the barrier was created after the first minute of anaphase, cells showed successful cytokinesis, with normal organization of microtubules and actin filaments on both sides of the barrier. Our study suggests that transient signals from the midzone of early anaphase spindles are required for equatorial contraction in cultured cells and that such signaling may involve the organization of microtubules near the equator.
Immune and Inflammatory Role in Renal Disease (2013)

Chronic and acute renal diseases, irrespective of the initiating cause, have inflammation and immune system activation as a common underlying mechanism. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of immune cells and inflammatory proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of renal disease, and to discuss some of the physiological changes that occur in the kidney as a result of immune system activation. An overview of common forms of acute and chronic renal disease is provided, followed by a discussion of common therapies that have anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects in the treatment of renal disease.
Measurements of transient motion of magnetic disk slider (1984)

To study slider flying characteristics for the magnetic disk unit, a new measuring system for determining slider flying height, i.e. spacing, is developed. Experimental results of slider motion were measured statically and dynamically, then compared with theoretical results, and examined.
<title>Vibration measurement of microstructures by means of laser-optical modal analysis</title> (1999)

Investigation of the vibrational behavior under operating conditions are often necessary for realization and inspection of sensor and actuator functions even to assure of there high reliability. Also the behavior under separate excitations is important to know especially for applications of sensors and actuators into vibrating environments. Relating to this exceptionally high demands are exemplary required for aviation, automotive industries, and mechanical engineering. The paper describes the coupling of a Single-Point Laser Vibrometer with a Modal Analysis System. Beside detection of eigenfrequencies a contactless determination of mode shapes is possible too. For vibrational characterization of scanning micromirrors were to investigate both the vibrational behavior under operating conditions and under separate excitation. Gradual improvements to develop an appropriate test stand for vibration measurements at these microstructures are represented. Also measurements taken with Laserscanning Vibrometry and Holographic Interferometry are discussed. Results of Laseroptical Modal Analysis could serve as foundation for calculations and numerical simulations.
Predicting the transmembrane secondary structure of ligand-gated ion channels (2002)

Recent mutational analyses of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) have demonstrated a plausible site of anesthetic action within their transmembrane domains. Although there is a consensus that the transmembrane domain is formed from four membrane-spanning segments, the secondary structure of these segments is not known. We utilized 10 state-of-the-art bioinformatics techniques to predict the transmembrane topology of the tetrameric regions within six members of the LGIC family that are relevant to anesthetic action. They are the human forms of the GABA alpha 1 receptor, the glycine alpha 1 receptor, the 5HT3 serotonin receptor, the nicotinic AChR alpha 4 and alpha 7 receptors and the Torpedo nAChR alpha 1 receptor. The algorithms utilized were HMMTOP, TMHMM, TMPred, PHDhtm, DAS, TMFinder, SOSUI, TMAP, MEMSAT and TOPPred2. The resulting predictions were superimposed on to a multiple sequence alignment of the six amino acid sequences created using the CLUSTAL W algorithm. There was a clear statistical consensus for the presence of four alpha helices in those regions experimentally thought to span the membrane. The consensus of 10 topology prediction techniques supports the hypothesis that the transmembrane subunits of the LGICs are tetrameric bundles of alpha helices.
A User's Approach to Qualification of Dynamic Seals for Sour-Gas Environments (1990)

Summary The selection and performance of dynamic-seal materials for use in aggressive, subsurface, sour-gas environments have often been unsuccessful and resulted in costly field failures. Seal performance is adversely affected by H2S, CO2, high temperature, corrosion inhibitors, and dynamic movement. Standard laboratory test methods to evaluate elastomeric materials for subsurface sealing applications have not allowed reliable prediction of seal behavior in actual field service. This paper presents a new and unique test apparatus that can be used to evaluate dynamic-seal materials and to qualify entire seal-stack configurations for subsurface sour-gas environments.
A review of fluoride dentifrice related to dental fluorosis. (1999)

Introduced to the commercial market 40 years ago, fluoride dentifrice now accounts for nearly all dentifrice purchased in the United States. During this same time, the prevalence and severity of dental caries has declined while dental fluorosis prevalence has increased. While the caries decline can be largely attributed to widespread fluoride dentifrice use, as well as many other sources of fluoride, several recent studies have attributed much of the increase in fluorosis prevalence to early use of fluoride dentifrice. This paper reviews these studies, as well as the efficacy of fluoride dentifrices with lower fluoride concentrations. Finally, recommendations regarding fluoride dentifrice to maintain caries prevention and reduce the risk of dental fluorosis are presented.
Drug Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and its Implications (1968)

A rise in Salmonella typhimurium infection was observed in calves in Britain during 1964-6, follwing the adoption of the intensive farming method. A single phage type of S. typhimurium, type 29, was incriminated as the major pathogen. Attempts to treat and control the disease with a range of antibiotics were ineffective, but resulted in the acquisition of transferable multiple drug resistance by type 29. The transmission of drug-resistant type 29, directly or indirectly, from bovines to man resulted in many human infections. Transferable drug resistance reaching man from enterobacteria of animal origin may ultimately enter specifically human pathogens. Infections such as that caused by type 29 can be eliminated, not by the massive use of antibiotics but by improvement in conditions of animal husbandry and reduction in the opportunities for the initiation and spread of the disease. A reappraisal is needed of the methods of using antibiotics to determine how these methods can be improved, in order to conserve the long-term efficacy of the antibiotics.
A physical three-way interactive game based on table tennis (2007)

Physical leisure activities such as table tennis provide healthy exercise and can offer a means to connect with others socially; however, players have to be in the same physical location to play. We have developed a networked table tennis-like game that is played with a real paddle and ball, augmented with a large-scale videoconference. Similar to networked computer games, this concept can support more than two locations: our Tennis for is a physical interactive game, based on traditional table tennis; however, it is playable by three players in three geographically distant locations. We hope that Table Tennis for Three has potential to achieve similar benefits known from traditional collocated physical leisure activity such as exercise, enjoyment and bringing people together to socialize.
Polyimide/polyoxometalate copolymer thin films: synthesis, thermal and dielectric properties (2009)

Abstract A mono‐lancunary keggin‐type decatungstosilicate (SiW 11 ) polyoxometalate (POM) modified by γ ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) was incorporated into polyimide (PI) through copolymerization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transition infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) were used to characterize the structure and composition of the polyoxometalate–organosilane hybrid (SiW 11 KH550) and PI/SiW 11 KH550 copolymers. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies indicate that the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of PI/SiW 11 KH550 copolymers increases from 330°C (for neat PI) to 409°C (for the copolymer sample with 10 wt% of SiW 11 KH550). Dielectric measurement showed that both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss for the copolymer thin films decreased with the increase in SiW 11 KH550 content, and the dielectric constant and dielectric loss values decreased to 2.1 and 3.54 × 10 −3 , respectively, for the copolymer sample with 10 wt% of SiW 11 KH550. The incorporation of SiW 11 KH550 into polymer matrices is a promising approach to prepare PI films with a low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ENGLISH IN AUSTRALIA (1994)

Australian English had its beginnings in the late eighteenth century in a convict settlement where people of diverse speech were brought together. The mechanism of linguistic borrowing between languages may be examined in the early history of the word kangaroo. It is first mentioned by Banks in 1770 as a native word. Samuel McBurney, a school principal in Victoria, travelled widely in Australia and New Zealand in the 1880s examining large classes of tonic sol-fa singers in schools. Though in general Australian English and RP, or the variants of Australian English within Australia, agree phonemically if not phonetically, there is not always correspondence in particular words. This chapter discusses the phonology, morphology and syntax of the Australian English. The most striking differences in the lexical distribution of phonemes in RP and Australian English are found in unstressed or weakly stressed syllables.
Direct and indirect effects of H-NS and Fis on global gene expression control in Escherichia coli (2010)

Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) are global regulators of gene expression in Escherichia coli, which affect DNA conformation by bending, wrapping and bridging the DNA. Two of these--H-NS and Fis--bind to specific DNA sequences and structures. Because of their importance to global gene expression, the binding of these NAPs to the DNA was previously investigated on a genome-wide scale using ChIP-chip. However, variation in their binding profiles across the growth phase and the genome-scale nature of their impact on gene expression remain poorly understood. Here, we present a genome-scale investigation of H-NS and Fis binding to the E. coli chromosome using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). By performing our experiments under multiple time-points during growth in rich media, we show that the binding regions of the two proteins are mutually exclusive under our experimental conditions. H-NS binds to significantly longer tracts of DNA than Fis, consistent with the linear spread of H-NS binding from high- to surrounding lower-affinity sites; the length of binding regions is associated with the degree of transcriptional repression imposed by H-NS. For Fis, a majority of binding events do not lead to differential expression of the proximal gene; however, it has a significant indirect effect on gene expression partly through its effects on the expression of other transcription factors. We propose that direct transcriptional regulation by Fis is associated with the interaction of tandem arrays of Fis molecules to the DNA and possible DNA bending, particularly at operon-upstream regions. Our study serves as a proof-of-principle for the use of ChIP-seq for global DNA-binding proteins in bacteria, which should become significantly more economical and feasible with the development of multiplexing techniques.
Involvement of CD56 (NKH-1/Leu-19 antigen) as an adhesion molecule in natural killer-target cell interaction. (1989)

The CD56 differentiation antigen, recognized by anti-Leu-19 and NKH-1 mAbs, is a 200-220-kD glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on human NK cells and a minor subset of T lymphocytes mediating MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity. The recent finding that CD56 is an isoform of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) prompted us to examine the adhesive function of CD56 in the NK-target cell interaction. Synergistic inhibitory effects of anti-CD56 mAbs with anti-LFA-1 and/or anti-LFA-3 mAbs were demonstrated on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and on NK cell binding to target cells only when the target cells also express CD56. These findings indicate that CD56 on NK cells can serve as the third pathway of cell adhesion other than those mediated by the CD2/LFA-3 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions, and is involved in NK cell cytotoxicity when interacting with the cells bearing N-CAM.
Evaluation of ligament fibroblast viability in ruptured cranial cruciate ligament of dogs (2003)

Ruptured CCLs contained a high number of nonviable cells but not a great number of apoptotic cells. Repair processes in the epiligamentous region of the CCL include a metabolic response to hypoxia, suggesting that necrosis of ligament fibroblasts and transformation of surviving cells to a spheroid phenotype may be a response to hypoxia cause by microinjury or inadequate blood flow.
Investigation of the C−H Activation Potential of [Hydrotris(1H-pyrazolato-N1)borato(1−)]iridium (IrTpx) Fragments Featuring Aromatic Substituents x at the 3-Position of the Pyrazole Rings, The Choice of the Precursor (2001)

A series of pyrazole-substituted [hydrotris(1H-pyrazolato-κN1)borato(1−)]iridium complexes of the general composition [Ir(Tpx)(olefin)2] (Tpx=TpPh and TpTh) and their capability to activate C−H bonds is presented. As a test reaction, the double C−H activation of cyclic-ether substrates leading to the corresponding Fischer carbene complexes was chosen. Under the reaction conditions employed, the parent compound [Ir(TpPh)(ethene)2] was not isolable; instead, (OC-6-25)-[Ir(TpPhκCPh,κ3N,N′,N″)(ethyl)(η2-ethene)] (1) was formed diastereoselectively. Upon further heating, 1 could be converted exclusively to (OC-6-24)-[Ir(TpPhκ2CPh,CPh,κ3N,N′,N″)(η2-ethene)] (2). Complex 1, but not 2, reacted with THF to give (OC-6-35)-[Ir(TpPhκ3N,N′,N″)H(dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)] (3), a cyclic Fischer carbene formed by double C−H activation of THF. Accordingly, complexes of the general formula [Ir(Tpx)(butadiene)] (see 4 – 6; butadiene=buta-1,3-diene, 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene (isoprene), 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene) reacted with THF to yield 3 or the related derivative 9. The reaction rate was strongly dependent on the steric demand of the butadiene ligand and the nature of the substituent at the 3-position of the pyrazole rings.
Distinct Human T Cell Repertoires Mediate Immediate and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to the <i>Trichophyton</i> Antigen, Tri r 2 (2000)

The 29-kDa subtilase homologue, Tri r 2, derived from the dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton rubrum, exhibits unique immunologic characteristics in its ability to elicit immediate (IH) and delayed-type (DTH) hypersensitivity skin tests in different individuals. Thus, Tri r 2 provides a model for comparing the T cell repertoire in subjects with distinct immune responses to a single Ag. Recombinant Tri r 2 produced as a GST fusion protein in Escherichia coli stimulated strong in vitro lymphoproliferative responses in 10 IH and 10 DTH responders. Patterns of T cell epitope recognition were compared between skin test groups using 28 overlapping peptides (each in 12 replicate wells) derived from Tri r 2 to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Peptide 5 (P5; aa 41-60) induced the strongest response in DTH subjects and showed the largest difference between DTH and IH responders in proliferation (mean standardized index, 2.22 and 0.82, respectively; p = 0.0047) and number of positive wells (81 vs 12). Responses to P5 were associated with diverse HLA haplotypes. These results showed that P5 contains an immunodominant epitope specifically associated with DTH and that this peptide is recognized in a permissive manner. Cross-validated linear discriminant analysis using T cell proliferative responses to two regions of Tri r 2 (aa 51-90 and 231-270) gave a 95% predictive accuracy for classification of subjects into IH or DTH groups. We conclude that different immune responses to Trichophyton are mediated by distinct T cell repertoires between individuals with IH and DTH reactions to Tri r 2.
Second-harmonic generation from Si∕SiO2∕Hf(1−x)SixO2 structures (2006)

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is used to characterize thin films of Hf(1−x)SixO2 (x=0, 0.3, 0.45, 0.65, and 1) deposited by atomic layer epitaxy at 375°C on Si substrates with 11Å SiO2 buffer layers. Reflected SHG intensity measured at room temperature increases monotonically with Hf content for as-deposited samples and varies strongly with the temperature (600–1000°C) of postdeposition rapid anneals in NH3. Spectroscopic analysis shows that the variable SHG component peaks at SH photon energy of 3.37eV—the bulk silicon E1 critical point energy—a clear signature of electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation in the bulk Si space-charge region. The results suggest that SHG is a sensitive, potentially in situ, probe of internal electric fields attributable to composition- and annealing-dependent fixed charge in the oxide layers.