gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional role of Coenzyme Q in the energy coupling of NADH‐CoQ oxidoreductase (Complex I): Stabilization of the semiquinone state with the application of inside‐positive membrane potential to proteoliposomes (2008)

Coenzyme Q10 (which is also designated as CoQ10, ubiquinone-10, UQ10, CoQ, UQ or simply as Q) plays an important role in energy metabolism. For NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I), Ohnishi and Salerno proposed a hypothesis that the proton pump is operated by the redox-driven conformational change of a Q-binding protein, and that the bound form of semiquinone (SQ) serves as its gate [FEBS Letters 579 (2005) 45-55]. This was based on the following experimental results: (i) EPR signals of the fast-relaxing SQ anion (designated as QNf(.-)) are observable only in the presence of the proton electrochemical potential (DeltamuH+); (ii) iron-sulfur cluster N2 and QNf(.-) are directly spin-coupled; and (iii) their center-to-center distance was calculated as 12angstroms, but QNf(.-) is only 5angstroms deeper than N2 perpendicularly to the membrane. After the priming reduction of Q to QNf(.-), the proton pump operates only in the steps between the semiquinone anion (QNf(.-)) and fully reduced quinone (QH2). Thus, by cycling twice for one NADH molecule, the pump transports 4H+ per 2e(-). This hypothesis predicts the following phenomena: (a) Coupled with the piericidin A sensitive NADH-DBQ or Q1 reductase reaction, DeltamuH+ would be established; (b) DeltamuH+ would enhance the SQ EPR signals; and (c) the dissipation of DeltamuH+ with the addition of an uncoupler would increase the rate of NADH oxidation and decrease the SQ signals. We reconstituted bovine heart complex I, which was prepared at Yoshikawa's laboratory, into proteoliposomes. Using this system, we succeeded in demonstrating that all of these phenomena actually took place. We believe that these results strongly support our hypothesis.
Analogues of VIP, Helodermin, and PACAP Discriminate between Rat and Human VIP<sub>1</sub> and VIP<sub>2</sub> Receptors<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) acts through interaction with two subclasses of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors named VIP1 and VIP2 receptors. These receptors have been cloned in different species, such as rat and human. Considering the different distribution of both receptor subclasses, there is considerable interest in the development of selective agonists and antagonists. The present study compares the binding properties of VIP, PACAP, GRF, secretin, and helodermin analogues on recombinant rat and human VIP1 and VIP2 receptors. On both rat and human receptors, secretin and GRF had a higher affinity for the VIP1 receptor subtypes. The amino-shortened VIP, and the carboxy terminal-shortened VIP and PACAP analogues also presented a higher affinity for the VIP1 receptor. PHI, PHV, helodermin, and helospectin were selective for the human VIP2 receptor subtypes. These results suggest that the helical structure of the carboxy terminal end is necessary for VIP2 recognition. The differences between species were the following: PHI, PHV, helodermin, and helospectin had a higher affinity for the rat VIP1 receptor than for the human VIP1 receptor. On both rat and human receptors, D-Ala4 VIP and D-Phe4 VIP had a high affinity for the VIP1 receptor and a low affinity for the VIP2 receptor. Thus, three domains of the ligand involved in VIP1/VIP2 receptor discrimination were identified: the amino acid residue in position 4 ([D-Ala4], [D-Phe4]VIP), in positions 8 and 9 (the effects of helodermin and helospectin), and the carboxy terminal end (the effects of the shortened VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide analogues).
THE SENSITIZED FORMATION OF $O_{2}$ ($^{1}\Delta_{g}$) (1971)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University
Effects of nitric oxide donors on cardiac contractility in wild‐type and myoglobin‐deficient mice (2002)

1. The effects of the nitric oxide (NO) donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), sodium(Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DEA-NONOate), and (Z)-1-[N-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA-NONOate) on force of contraction (F(c)) were studied in atrial and ventricular muscle strips obtained from wild-type (WT) and myoglobin-deficient (myo(-/-)) mice. 2. SNAP slightly reduced F(c) in preparations from WT mice at concentrations above 100 microM; this effect was more pronounced in myo(-/-) mice. 3. DEA-NONOate reduced F(c) in preparations from myo(-/-) mice to a larger extent than those from WT mice. 4. DETA-NONOate reduced F(c) in preparations from myo(-/-) but not from WT mice. 5. Pre-incubation with an inhibitor of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one; 100 microM) prevented the effects of SNAP, DEA-NONOate and DETA-NONOate on F(c) in myo(-/-) mice. 6. It is suggested that, in physiological conditions, myoglobin acts as intracellular scavenger preventing NO from reaching its intracellular receptors in cardiomyocytes, whereas, in myoglobin-deficient conditions, NO is able to reduce contractility via activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic GMP pathway.
Negative Feedback Control of LH by Testosterone: A Quantitative Study in Male Rats1<sup>1</sup> (1976)

Adult male rats were castrated and implanted sc with testosterone (T)-filled Silastic capsules of different sizes which produce stable plasma T levels proportional to capsule length. T and LH levels were determined in blood samples obtained at 3-day intervals for 21 days. Plasma T values greater than 1.8 ng/ml suppressed plasma LH to levels below the intact range, while a plasma T of less than 0.5 ng/ml yeilded no significant inhibition of the post-castration LH rise. Animals with a plasma T of about 0.7 ng/ml, however, showed intact, castrate, or immediate LH levels. The feedback-effective range for all animals was between 0.5 ngT/mg (castrate-like LH response) and 1.8 ng/ml (LH at or below intact levels), but individual rats seemed to have a more restricted feedback range than that indicated by these group data. To test this hypothesis further, rats were implanted at the time of castration with five 5-mm T-filled capsules. One capsule was removed each week, producing step function drops in plasma T, and allowing examination of the LH responses of individual animals. Plasma t levels greater than 1.6 ng/ml maintained LH values at or below intact levels. However, when plasma T dropped to 1.1 ng/ml, some rats showed castration-like LH increase and others did not respond until after a further drop to 0.6 ng/ml. It was concluded that the feedback-effective range of plasma T is very restricted and differs in individual rats.
Fiber Bragg Grating Cryogenic Temperature Sensor down to 10 K (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. MIZUNAMI, S. GUPTA, and T. SHIMOMURA, "Fiber Bragg Grating Cryogenic Temperature Sensor down to 10 K," in 12th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Vol. 16 of 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper OThC36. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
CORRECTION OF SEVERE HEMIFACIAL ATROPHY WITH A FREE DERMIS-FAT FLAP FROM THE LOWER ABDOMEN (1977)

Charlottesville, Va. From the Department of Plastic Surgery of the University of Virginia. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons on May 10, 1976 in Atlanta, Ga.
A natural language parser with interleaved spelling correction supporting lexical functional grammar and ill-formed input (1994)

This thesis describes the design and development of a parsing algorithm for context-free grammars. The parsing algorithm is a mixture of top down parsing techniques and bottom up parsing methods combined with chart parser techniques. The result is a fast parser that handles ambiguous grammars. The parser avoids the limitations of top down parsers, i.e. it can handle left recursive nonterminals. It can handle grammars with thousands of rules and nonterminals.
An interactive natural language environment requires that the errors be detected and corrected without user intervention. By interleaving the parser with the process of spelling error correction, and extending the three way match algorithm to four way match, the thesis introduces an efficient, intelligent, and reliable spelling corrector. This method, which is based on the goal of using the context for spelling correction, is very powerful.
Enforcement of semantic rules is based on Lexical Functional Grammar theory. The grammar and the lexicon are augmented with LFG annotation rules. After successfully parsing the user input, the system builds the LFG f-structure, which is turned into a logical form to be used by the input understander of the tutoring system.
An Area Based Image Matching Algorithm and Its Implementation (2012)

Aiming at the problems of the global image matching, an area based on image matching algorithm is presented. In the paper, the principle of area based image matching is given firstly and the algorithm is analyzed in detail. In the algorithm, in order to diminish the influence of the segmentation to image matching, color key feature points are chosen as the feature of image and weighted distance measurement are used to achieve the coarse image matching and get candidate locations. Dominant color extraction to candidate locations according to human vision, the final result is achieved by precise matching which is measured by color measurement. A large number of experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the algorithm.
Prostate Specific Antigen in the Preoperative and Postoperative Evaluation of Localized Prostatic Cancer Treated with Radical Prostatectomy (1988)

The usefulness of prostate specific antigen to predict final pathological stage was studied in 178 consecutive patients. Prostate specific antigen was determined preoperatively in all patients by a monoclonal immunoradiometric assay. All pathological specimens were examined for capsular penetration, seminal vesicle involvement and lymph node involvement. Prostate specific antigen correlated directly with capsular penetration (p less than 0.002), seminal vesicle involvement (p less than 0.02) and lymph node involvement (p less than 0.05). However the diagnostic accuracy of an elevated serum antigen level on an individual basis was only 55 per cent for capsular penetration and 50 per cent for seminal vesicle involvement and lymph node involvement. With a log-linear regression model, the half-life of prostate specific antigen was calculated to be 3.15 +/- 0.09 days. From the equation PSA (t) equals PSA (2) e[-0.2197(t-2)], prostate specific antigen can be used to detect residual cancer on day t in the immediate postoperative period. With respect to long-term followup, 127 patients have been monitored for longer than 2 months postoperatively with prostate specific antigen (mean followup 2 years, range 2 months to 8.6 years). Of the 101 patients who had favorable pathological findings at operation (organ-confined cancer or capsular penetration only) 92 (91 per cent) had a followup antigen concentration in the female range (0.0 to 0.2 ng. per ml.), whereas only 5 of 26 men (19 per cent) with either seminal vesicle involvement or lymph node involvement had an antigen value that was less than 0.2 ng. per ml. All patients with a documented clinical recurrence (8 of 127, 6 per cent) had an elevated followup serum prostate specific antigen concentration. These findings suggest that preoperative levels of prostate specific antigen are not sufficiently reliable to predict final pathological stage on an individual basis in patients with early prostatic cancer, and that the antigen is a sensitive tumor marker for the detection of residual disease after radical prostatectomy and subsequent recurrence of tumor on long-term followup.
HYDROMATRIX® and StrafloMatrix, Electric Energy from Low Head Hydro Potential (2007)

Basic concepts and recent developments of HYDROMATRIX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> -technology for the exploitation of hitherto untapped low head hydro potential was presented. The installation of HYDROMATRIX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> -modules into existing dams is described as well as the cost benefits - compared to conventional turbine-generator-units - for the dam owner. Some of the physical laws governing the growth of hydro machinery are discussed and the regions of applicability of the technology are sketched. The permanent magnet excited synchronous StrafloMatrixtrade-unit was contrasted to the original concept employing directly driven induction machines in the full paper. Several examples of built HYDROMATRIXreg-plant are given.
CONICAL PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS SHOW TOTAL GAMMA ABSORPTION (1960)

Mechanosensitive ion channels play an essential role in reacting to environmental signals and sustaining cell integrity by facilitating ion flux across membranes. For obligate intracellular pathogens like microsporidia, adapting to changes in the host environment is crucial for survival and propagation. Despite representing a eukaryote of extreme genome reduction, microsporidia have expanded the gene family of mechanosensitive ion channels of small conductance (mscS) through repeated gene duplication and horizontal gene transfer. All microsporidian genomes characterized to date contain mscS genes of both eukaryotic and bacterial origin. Here, we investigated the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the bacterially derived mechanosensitive ion channel of small conductance 2 (MscS2) from Nematocida displodere, an intracellular pathogen of Caenorhabditis elegans. MscS2 is the most compact MscS-like channel known and assembles into a unique superstructure in vitro with six heptameric MscS2 channels. Individual MscS2 channels are oriented in a heterogeneous manner to one another, resembling an asymmetric, flexible six-way cross joint. Finally, we show that microsporidian MscS2 still forms a heptameric membrane channel, however the extreme compaction suggests a potential new function of this MscS-like protein.
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of Aryl Benzyl Ethers by Heterogeneous Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation. (1987)

Abstract The ether (I) can easily be debenzylated when subjected to the reaction conditions A) or B).
Methylome, transcriptome, and PPARγ cistrome analyses reveal two epigenetic transitions in fat cells (2014)

Although DNA modification is adaptive to extrinsic demands, little is known about epigenetic alterations associated with adipose differentiation and reprogramming. We systematically characterized the global trends of our methylome and transcriptome data with reported PPAR(γ) cistrome data. Our analysis revealed that DNA methylation was altered between induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). Surprisingly, DNA methylation was not obviously changed in differentiation from ADSCs to mature fat cells (FatCs). This indicates that epigenetic predetermination of the adipogenic fate is almost established prior to substantial expression of the lineage. Furthermore, the majority of the PPAR(γ) cistrome corresponded to the pre-set methylation profile between ADSCs and FatCs. In contrast to the pre-set model, we found that a subset of PPAR(γ)-binding sites for late-expressing genes such as Adiponectin and Adiponectin receptor2 were differentially methylated independently of the early program. Thus, these analyses identify two types of epigenetic mechanisms that distinguish the pre-set cell fate and later stages of adipose differentiation.
THE THYMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF 21-DEOXYCORTICOSTEROIDS (1961)

ABSTRACT A bioassay procedure utilizing the thymus weight of the immature rat as the criterion of the response was employed to estimate the potency of several 21-deoxycorticosteroids relative to cortisol. The steroids were dissolved in corn oil and administered subcutaneously in divided doses over a period of two days. Although many of the 21-deoxy derivatives were more active than cortisol, the removal of the 21-hydroxyl group always depressed the ability of the corticosteroid analogue to produce thymic involution. A reduction of 60 to 90 per cent in thymolytic activity relative to the parent corticosteroid was experienced when either a hydrogen or a fluorine atom was substituted for the hydroxyl group at C 21 . The magnitude of the decrease in biological effectiveness appeared to be dependent on the presence of other groups in the corticosteroid molecule. A loss of 90 to 95 per cent in relative potency was obtained when the 21-hydroxyl was replaced by either an aldehyde, a methyl, or a piperidino group. When the a ketol side chain at C 17 of a Δ 4 -3-keto-11-oxysteroid was exchanged for another type of grouping, the resulting compound no longer behaved like an adrenal corticosteroid in the thymus involution assay. The results of this study suggest that the biological activity of 21-deoxycorticosteroids relative to their parent steroids depends largely on the target organ used to measure the response to the compounds.
Induction of HIV Neutralizing Antibodies against the MPER of the HIV Envelope Protein by HA/gp41 Chimeric Protein-Based DNA and VLP Vaccines (2011)

Several conserved neutralizing epitopes have been identified in the HIV Env protein and among these, the MPER of gp41 has received great attention and is widely recognized as a promising target. However, little success has been achieved in eliciting MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies by a number of different vaccine strategies. We investigated the ability of HA/gp41 chimeric protein-based vaccines, which were designed to enhance the exposure of the MPER in its native conformation, to induce MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies. In characterization of the HA/gp41 chimeric protein, we found that by mutating an unpaired Cys residue (Cys-14) in its HA1 subunit to a Ser residue, the modified chimeric protein HA-C14S/gp41 showed increased reactivity to a conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody against HA and formed more stable trimers in VLPs. On the other hand, HA-C14S/gp41 and HA/gp41 chimeric proteins expressed on the cell surfaces exhibited similar reactivity to monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. Immunization of guinea pigs using the HA-C14S/gp41 DNA or VLP vaccines induced antibodies against the HIV gp41 as well as to a peptide corresponding to a segment of MPER at higher levels than immunization by standard HIV VLPs. Further, sera from vaccinated guinea pigs were found to exhibit HIV neutralizing activities. Moreover, sera from guinea pigs vaccinated by HA-C14S/gp41 DNA and VLP vaccines but not the standard HIV VLPs, were found to neutralize HIV pseudovirions containing a SIV-4E10 chimeric Env protein. The virus neutralization could be blocked by a MPER-specific peptide, thus demonstrating induction of MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies by this novel vaccine strategy. These results show that induction of MPER-specific HIV neutralizing antibodies can be achieved through a rationally designed vaccine strategy.
A new eigenspace subband beamformer for cancellation of broadband interferences using Subband Adaptive Filtering (2008)

At this paper a new broadband beamformer is presented that is realized in eigenspace. That is designed using Generalized Sidelobe Canceller (GSC) structure, Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) algorithm, Subband Adaptive Filtering (SAF) method, and uses effective eigenvalues of received data to cancel narrowband and broadband interferers that arrive to array systems through their antenna sidelobes. In nonstationary environments and in environments that number of input samples is low, the new eigenspace subband beamformer is better than Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) counterpart and gives higher array gain. Also, it requires fewer samples to reach to a given SNR at output. Thus, computational complexity of system is reduced. This design can be used for multipath fading effect mitigation in wireless communications, jamming cancellation in Radar systems, interference signals elimination in noisy places such as stadiums, many reflection locations like conference rooms, and etc.
Coaxial electrospun nanofibers for treatment of diabetic ulcers with binary release of multiple growth factors (2011)

Two different growth factors were physically and chemically loaded into a single nanofibrous matrix to increase wound healing efficacy and to obtain bi-phasic release profiles of the loaded growth factors. Amine-functionalized block copolymers composed of PCL and PEG were synthesized and subsequently co-electrospun with a bFGF solution to prepare coaxial nanofibrous meshes. The nanofibrous meshes were chemically modified with an EGF by conjugating surface-exposed amine groups of nanofibers to carboxylate groups of EGF. The characterization of a core-encapsulated bFGF and a surface-immobilized EGF by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed distinctive peaks of nitrogen atoms, which confirm the presence of a surface-immobilized EGF on the nanofiber. The release profiles of the bFGF and the EGF clearly demonstrated binary release profiles of each protein: the bFGF showed a high initial burst in 24 h, whereas the EGF showed no negligible release in 7 days. Human primary keratinocyte and fibroblast cells cultivated on the nanofibrous meshes showed the highest cellular proliferation on mesh composed of the bFGF and the EGF. In an animal study, the wound closure rates of diabetic ulcers were significantly increased in 7 days when bFGF/EGF nanofibrous meshes were administered to dorsal wound sites. The expression levels of keratinocyte-specific markers were examined by RT-PCR, and keratin 14, 5, 1 have higher expression levels than the control groups. This outcome strongly suggests that bi-phasic release of bFGF and EGF greatly supported tissue recovery with the similar phenotypes as the original keratinized tissues. A histological examination of the recovered tissue also confirms that bFGF/EGF nanofibrous meshes increase the accumulation of both collagen and a cemented matrix of keratin. Thus, the nanofibrous matrix is a promising wound dressing material that can increase wound healing rates while reducing scar formation.
Au-Sn bonding metallurgy of TAB contacts and its influence on the Kirkendall effect in the ternary Cu-Au-Sn (1993)

Works done on different Au-Sn-Cu and Au-Cu metallurgies in the inner lead bond (ILB) area is summarized. The influence of Kirkendall pore formation in the Cu-Au-Sn system as a degradation mechanism is shown. This effect, together with the formation of new types of ternary intermetallic compounds, is observed during thermal aging in contacts with a direct interface between the eutectic 80/20 Au-Sn alloy and Cu. The zeta-phase (Au/Sn 90/10) acts like a diffusion barrier, which inhibits the pore formation associated with Cu diffusion. The composition of the ternary intermetallic compounds, their growth constant, and activation energy is determined. The possibilities to increase the contact reliability by producing a reliable Au-Sn metallurgy during the ILB process are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>