gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of the Amino Terminal Region and Repeat Region of the Plasmodium berghei Circumsporozoite Protein in Parasite Infectivity (2012)

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) plays a key role in malaria sporozoite infection of both mosquito salivary glands and the vertebrate host. The conserved Regions I and II have been well studied but little is known about the immunogenic central repeat region and the N-terminal region of the protein. Rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei parasites, in which the endogenous CS gene has been replaced with the avian Plasmodium gallinaceum CS (PgCS) sequence, develop normally in the A. stephensi mosquito midgut but the sporozoites are not infectious. We therefore generated P. berghei transgenic parasites carrying the PgCS gene, in which the repeat region was replaced with the homologous region of P. berghei CS (PbCS). A further line, in which both the N-terminal region and repeat region were replaced with the homologous regions of PbCS, was also generated. Introduction of the PbCS repeat region alone, into the PgCS gene, did not rescue sporozoite species-specific infectivity. However, the introduction of both the PbCS repeat region and the N-terminal region into the PgCS gene completely rescued infectivity, in both the mosquito vector and the mammalian host. Immunofluorescence experiments and western blot analysis revealed correct localization and proteolytic processing of CSP in the chimeric parasites. The results demonstrate, in vivo, that the repeat region of P. berghei CSP, alone, is unable to mediate sporozoite infectivity in either the mosquito or the mammalian host, but suggest an important role for the N-terminal region in sporozoite host cell invasion.
Copolymerization Characteristics and Spectra of Phenyl Vinyl Sulfide and Sulfone (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization Characteristics and Spectra of Phenyl Vinyl Sulfide and SulfoneCharles C. Price and Hirokazu MoritaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 19, 4747–4750Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01115a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01115a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Propagation of prions causing synucleinopathies in cultured cells (2015)

Increasingly, evidence argues that many neurodegenerative diseases, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), are caused by prions, which are alternatively folded proteins undergoing self-propagation. In earlier studies, PSP prions were detected by infecting human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing a tau fragment [TauRD(LM)] fused to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Here, we report on an improved bioassay using selective precipitation of tau prions from human PSP brain homogenates before infection of the HEK cells. Tau prions were measured by counting the number of cells with TauRD(LM)-YFP aggregates using confocal fluorescence microscopy. In parallel studies, we fused α-synuclein to YFP to bioassay α-synuclein prions in the brains of patients who died of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Previously, MSA prion detection required ∼120 d for transmission into transgenic mice, whereas our cultured cell assay needed only 4 d. Variation in MSA prion levels in four different brain regions from three patients provided evidence for three different MSA prion strains. Attempts to demonstrate α-synuclein prions in brain homogenates from Parkinson's disease patients were unsuccessful, identifying an important biological difference between the two synucleinopathies. Partial purification of tau and α-synuclein prions facilitated measuring the levels of these protein pathogens in human brains. Our studies should facilitate investigations of the pathogenesis of both tau and α-synuclein prion disorders as well as help decipher the basic biology of those prions that attack the CNS.
Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>of Animal Origin in Humans (2007)

In 2003 in the Netherlands, a new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain emerged that could not be typed with Sma1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (NT-MRSA). The association of NT-MRSA in humans with a reservoir in animals was investigated. The frequency of NT-MRSA increased from 0% in 2002 to >21% after intensified surveillance was implemented in July 2006. Geographically, NT-MRSA clustered with pig farming. A case-control study showed that carriers of NT-MRSA were more often pig or cattle farmers (pig farmers odds ratio [OR] 12.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-48.6; cattle farmers OR 19.7, 95% CI 2.3-169.5). Molecular typing showed that the NT-MRSA strains belonged to a new clonal complex, ST 398. This study shows that MRSA from an animal reservoir has recently entered the human population and is now responsible for >20% of all MRSA in the Netherlands.
Dielectric elastomer generator (2013)

In this project, the performance of the graphite and silver as electrodes on Dielectric\n\nElastomer Generator (DEG) were studied. With various strains applied on the dielectric layer\n\nas well as the initial voltages applied on the electrodes, the samples were tested and measured.\n\nThese results were useful in the analysis for the efficiency of energy harvesting in future.\n\nThe fabrication process and the difficulties encountered were elaborated prior to the\n\ncommencement of experimental exploration. The working principle and theory for DEG was\n\ncovered in literature review which had been used to analyze the experimental data obtained.\n\nThere were some findings and verifications through the study.\n\nThere were some findings in this project. The efficiency was dependent on the initial charging\n\nvoltages and the pre-strains. From the results, the initial primed voltage applied would affect on\n\nthe energy generated. The higher initial voltage, the better average energy conversion\n\nperformance but up to breakdown limit of individual electrode materials. The best performance\n\nof the voltage generation for both of graphite (340% increment) and silver electrodes (130%\n\nincrement) was at 0.5 kV prime voltage. Initial voltage of 1KV looked more representative for\n\nits stability for graphite electrode while the initial voltage of 1.5KV more favourable for silver\n\nelectrode. But less effective voltage generated was observed with higher pre-strain.\n\nThe voltage and the capacitance were inversely proportional to each other provided the charge\n\nwas constant. The change in area under different pre-strain will be measured and the changes\n\nin thickness of dielectric layer were used to calculate the theoretical capacitances. With that,\n\nthe estimation of voltage generation could be achieved for given charges.\n\nTo quantify the charge loss from DEG was another issue which to be addressed. The\n\nconductivity or resistance of the different electrodes would cause some loss of charge from\n\nDEG. The conductivity of the electrodes and the capacitance of the dielectric layer were also\n\nmeasured. The results could be used to compare the theoretical and experimental values and\n\ndetermined how accurate of the experiment could be. In additional, there were some other\n\nfactors affecting the efficiency of DEG. Upon accomplishing this project, the author realized\n\nthat there were still plenty rooms for future researches and improvement in this field of study.
Event Notification for Mobile Clients (2006)

With many Internet services, it is necessary to distribute information to clients as soon as it is available. Information should not only be delivered, it should be delivered as soon as possible. An example is weblog monitoring. As a weblog is usually updated irregularly, it is impossible to know when to check for updates. Clients do not want to waste resources on checking for new entries, they want a way to be notified when a new entry is posted. To accomplish this, we present an architecture to provide event notifications for mobile clients. In this thesis, we review some of the available systems for event notification (Siena and Elvin) before showing how XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) can be used in conjunction with JEP- to provide a publish/subscribe framework. We then describe our prototype, which consists of two parts: one server part, that provides a weblog service; and one client part, that uses XMPP to interact with the weblog. Sammanfattning
Inhibitory effect of low‐level laser irradiation on LPS‐stimulated prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> production and cyclooxygenase‐2 in human gingival fibroblasts (2000)

It has been reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontal pathogens can penetrate gingival tissues and stimulate the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is known as a potent stimulator of inflammation and bone resorption. Although biostimulatory effects of low-level laser irradiation such as anti-inflammatory results have been reported, the physiological mechanism is not yet clarified. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of laser irradiation on PGE2 production and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 gene expression in LPS-challenged human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells in vitro. hGF cells were prepared from healthy gingival tissues and challenged with LPS, and Ga-Al-As diode laser was irradiated to the hGF cells. The amount of PGE2 released in the culture medium was measured by radioimmunoassay, and mRNA levels were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Irradiation with Ga-Al-As diode low-level laser significantly inhibited PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, which led to a reduction of COX-2 mRNA levels. In conclusion, low-level laser irradiation inhibited PGE2 by LPS in hGF cells through a reduction of COX-2 mRNA level. The findings suggest that low-level laser irradiation may be of therapeutic benefit against the aggravation of gingivitis and periodontitis by bacterial infection.
Disruption of Nuclear Vitamin D Receptor Gene Causes Enhanced Thrombogenicity in Mice (2004)

Vitamin D metabolites influence the expression of various genes involved in calcium homeostasis, cell differentiation, and regulation of the immune system. Expression of these genes is mediated by the activation of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies have shown that a hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, exerts anticoagulant effects in cultured monocytic cells. To clarify whether activation of VDR plays any antithrombotic actions in vivo, hemostatic/thrombogenic systems were examined in normocalcemic VDR knock-out (KO) mice on a high calcium diet and compared with wild type and hypocalcemic VDRKO mice that were fed a regular diet. Platelet aggregation was enhanced significantly in normocalcemic VDRKO mice compared with wild type and hypocalcemic VDRKO mice. Aortic endothelial nitric-oxide (NO) synthase expression and urinary NOx excretions were reduced in hypocalcemic VDRKO mice, but not in normocalcemic VDRKO mice. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the gene expression of antithrombin in the liver as well as that of thrombomodulin in the aorta, liver and kidney was down-regulated in hypo- and normocalcemic VDRKO mice. Whereas tissue factor mRNA expression in the liver and kidney was up-regulated in VDRKO mice regardless of plasma calcium level. Furthermore, VDRKO mice manifested an exacerbated multi-organ thrombus formation after exogenous lipopolysaccharide injection regardless of the calcemic conditions. These results demonstrate that activation of nuclear VDR elicits antithrombotic effects in vivo, and suggest that the VDR system may play a physiological role in the maintenance of antithrombotic homeostasis.
Absorption Spectra of Metal Complexes of Flavonoid Compounds (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption Spectra of Metal Complexes of Flavonoid CompoundsLEONARD. JURD and T. A. GEISSMANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 12, 1395–1401Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01118a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01118a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1082Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid and proven production of transplastomic tobacco plants by restoration of pigmentation and photosynthesis (2003)

Tobacco chloroplast transformation is typically achieved using dominant, selectable antibiotic resistance genes such as aadA, nptII and aphA-6. An improvement would be the combination of such a marker with a visual screening system for the early and conclusive detection of plastid transformants. As such, we investigated the use of three photosynthesis-deficient plastid mutants, DeltapetA, Deltaycf3 and DeltarpoA, for the development of a phenotypic selection system. Mutant plants were used as an alternative to the wild-type as source tissue for transformation, re-introducing deleted plastid sequences and using the aphA-6 gene as a selection marker. The reconstitution of the deleted genes in transformed regenerants resulted in shoots with a visually distinct phenotype comparable to the wild-type. This transformation/selection system overcomes the common problems associated with plastid transformation, e.g. the recovery of spontaneous mutants or nuclear insertions. In addition to the benefits offered by phenotypic selection, phenotype reconstitution leads to restoration of photosynthesis, which we assume drives reconstituted plants rapidly towards homoplasmy. As such, repeated cycles of regeneration in the presence of an antibiotic selection agent are no longer required.
Microactuator control for disk drive (1996)

The nonlinear response of a conventional actuator which depends on the ball-bearing friction is the main factor for determining the high track density of hard disk drives. We cannot get enough servo loop gain in the low-frequency region with a conventional single actuator because of its hysteresis characteristics. We have developed a new planar piezoelectric microactuator which is lightweight and applicable for a hard disk drive. Also we introduced a two-stage servo controller and realized a high servo bandwidth over 1 kHz and enough tracking-error reduction in the low-frequency region.
Band gap bowing and band offsets in relaxed and strained Si1−xGex alloys by employing a new nonlinear interpolation scheme (2013)

We present nonlocal empirical pseudopotential calculations for SiGe alloys employing a novel nonlinear interpolation scheme. Our interpolation scheme is able to correctly model for the first time the band gap bowing observed in relaxed SiGe alloys. The valence-band-edge and conduction-band-edge energies in relaxed Si1−xGex for arbitrary x, which are difficult to obtain by experimental techniques, have been evaluated using pseudopotential calculations. We have also calculated the band energies of pseudomorphic [100]-strained Si1−xGex alloys grown over unstrained Si1−yGey substrates. The energy gaps, valence and conduction band offsets, effective masses, and strain induced splittings in pseudomorphic SiGe layers are calculated for the whole range of alloy compositions x and y.
Multimode Nonlinear Fibre Optics: Theory and Applications (2012)

Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH standard and highly accurate method for describing singlemode nonlinear pulse propagation In this chapter, we discuss the basics of such a multimode generalised nonlinear Schrdinger equation We start by introducing and discussing the theoretical framework for fibres with (3) nonlinearity in Sec. 2. The following sections are devoted to multimode nonlinear applications, presented in the order of increasing laser peak powers. A sample application in the multi-kW regime is supercontinuum generation, discussed in Sec. 3. Here we demonstrate how fibre mode symmetries and launching conditions affect intermodal power transfer and spectral broadening. For peak powers in the MW regime, self-focusing effects become significant and lead to strong mode coupling. The spatio-temporal evolution of pulses in this limit is the topic of Sec. 4. Finally, at GW peak power levels, optical pulses can only be delivered by propagation in gases. Still, intensities become so high that nonlinear effects related to ionisation must be taken into account. An extension of the multimode theory to include these extreme high power effects is presented in Sec. 5 and the significance of mode interaction is demonstrated by numerical examples pertaining to a recent experiment. Finally, we end this chapter with conclusions in Sec. 6.
Hierarchical specification of reactive system using state diagram matrix (2002)

Reactive systems respond to internal or external stimuli and act in an event-driven manner. It is generally difficult to specify a complex reactive systems behavior. One reason is that actual reactive systems are usually formed by combining plural sequential machines that behave concurrently. This paper presents the state diagram matrix (SDM) which is a visual and hierarchical formalism of a reactive system's behavior. SDM involves two concepts. The first is a matrix plane description, on which a 3-dimensional state space is projected. The second is state composition and state abstraction for hierarchical sequential machine definition. The Petri net model is used for the composition of parallel sequential machines. The understandability and reliability of control software is shown to be improved as a consequence of adopting SDM for specifying disk-subsystem control requirements. The development support functions of SDM using a workstation are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carotenoids and related compounds. Part 38. Synthesis of (3RS,3′RS)-alloxanthin and other acetylenes (1984)

The all-trans, 9-cis, and 9,9′-di-cis forms of (3RS,3′RS)-alloxanthin have been synthesised, also the 9-cis-isomer of (3RS,6′RS)-crocoxanthin. Perhydrogenation of alloxanthin gives a product with the same optical properties as perhydrozeaxanthin. These results confirm the formulation of alloxanthin as (3R,3′R)-7,8,7′,8′-tetradehydro-β,β-carotene-3,3′-diol, of diatoxanthin as (3R,3′R)-7,8-didehydro-β,β-carotene-3,3′-diol, of crocoxanthin as an enantiomer (probably 3R) of (6′R)-7,8-didehydro-β,Îµ-caroten-3-ol, of monadoxanthin as an all-trans-isomer of 7,8-didehydro-β,Îµ-carotene-3,3′-diol, and of pectenolone as an all-trans-isomer of 3,3′-dihydroxy -7′,8′-didehydro-β,β-caroten-4-one. Carotenoid isomers with the cis-configuration about the acyclic double bond adjacent to an acetylenic linkage in either the 7- or 7′-position were shown to be thermodynamically more stable than the all-trans-forms.
Bone marrow‐derived cells that home to acoustic deafened cochlea preserved their hematopoietic identity (2008)

The high degree of bone marrow cell (BMC) plasticity has prompted us to test its restoration possibility in inner ear repair. Our aim was to determine the potential of these cells to transdifferentiate into specialized cochlea cell types after acoustic injury and BMC mobilization. Lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with BMCs from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and subjected to acoustic deafening 3 months later. In a separate experiment, stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were administered to test the effect of BMC mobilization on bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) transdifferentiation. All mice showed almost complete chimerism 3 months after bone marrow transplantation. Upon acoustic trauma, robust BMDC migration was observed in the deafened cochlea. GFP+ cell migration was most prominent during the first week after acoustic deafening, and these cells accumulated significantly at the spiral ligament, perilymphatic compartment walls, and limbus regions. Most of the BMDCs expressed CD45 and CD68 and were identified as macrophages. Upregulation of stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) was also observed in the spiral ligament during the first week after acoustic deafening. Cytokine treatment resulted in increased BMC mobilization in the systemic circulation. However, the presence of any stem cell progenitors or the differentiation of BMDCs into any cell types expressing cochlea sensory, supporting, fibrocytic, or neuronal markers were not detected in the deafened cochlea. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the homing capability of BMDCs to the deafened cochlea, and these cells displayed mature hematopoietic properties without spontaneous transdifferentiation to any cochlea cell types after acoustic trauma or bone marrow mobilization.
Nurses' Perceptions of Educational Gaps in Delivering End-of-Life Care (2011)

Purpose/Objectives: To assess end-of-life (EOL) care core competencies deemed most important with corresponding educational needs from oncology nurses and to describe the characteristics of the respondents that are associated with selection of the top-ranked core competencies.