gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sterol Glucosides from Cottonseed Oil (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterol Glucosides from Cottonseed OilM. H. Thornton, H. R. Kraybill, and F. K. BroomeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2079–2080Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical Activation of the Expiratory Muscles to Restore Cough (1995)

Many patients with spinal cord injury have paralysis of their expiratory muscles and, consequently, lack an effective cough. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to activate the expiratory muscles. Studies were performed on 15 anesthetized dogs. A quadripolar stimulating electrode (Medtronic Model 3586) was inserted epidurally and on the ventral surface of the lower thoracic spinal cord. Changes in airway pressure, airflow, and internal intercostal and abdominal muscle length were monitored to assess the effects of electrical stimulation. Spinal stimulation applied at the T9-T10 spinal level provided maximal changes in airway pressure generation in preliminary experiments. All subsequent studies were therefore performed with the electrode positioned at this level. The expiratory muscles were stimulated supramaximally over a wide range of lung volumes which were expressed as the corresponding change in airway pressure. The pressure-generating capacity of the expiratory muscles was evaluated by the change in airway pressure produced by SCS during airway occlusion. Peak expiratory airflow was also monitored following release of occlusion. At FRC, deflation (-10 cm H2O) and inflation (+ 30 cm H2O), SCS resulted in positive airway pressures of 44 cm H2O +/- 4 SE, 28 cm H2O +/- 3 SE, and 82 cm H2O +/- 7 SE. The relationship between airway pressure expiratory airflow generation and lung volume was linear (slope = 1.34 +/- 0.04) over the entire vital capacity range. Our results indicate that: (1) a major portion of the expiratory muscles can be activated reproducibly and in concert by electrical stimulation, and (2) this technique may be a clinically useful method of restoring cough in spinal cord injured patients.
A fast calculation method for magnetic field inhomogeneity due to an arbitrary distribution of bulk susceptibility (2003)

Abstract A fast calculation method for the magnetic field distribution due to (dynamic) changes in susceptibility may allow real‐time interventional applications. Here it is shown that a direct relationship can be obtained between the magnetic field perturbation and the susceptibility distribution inside the MR magnet using a first order perturbation approach to Maxwell's magneto‐static equations, combined with the Fourier transformation technique to solve partial derivative equations. The mathematical formalism does not involve any limitation with respect to shape or homogeneity of the susceptibility field. A first order approximation is sufficient if the susceptibility range does not exceed 10 −4 (or 100 ppm). The formalism allows fast numerical calculations using 3D matrices. A few seconds computation time on a PC is sufficient for a 128 × 128 × 128 matrix size. Predicted phase maps fitted both analytical and experimental data within 1% precision. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 19B: 26–34, 2003.
Comment on Topical Verapamil HCL, Topical Trifluoroperazine, and Topical Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Peyronie's Disease—A Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study (2007)

Evidence for noninvasive management of Peyronie's disease contains many options with varying levels of evidence for each. Many first-line treatments recommended by urologists lack strong evidence for their use.We summarize the noninvasive (oral medications, topical medications, traction, vacuum erection devices, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, intracavernosal injections and electromotive therapy) treatment options for Peyronie's disease and provide the levels of evidence for each.A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalKey databases was conducted, current up to April 2019.For each treatment modality, we measured level of evidence, change in penile curvature, change in erectile function, the percentage of patients with improved angulation, and pain scores.There is weak evidence to support the use of oral or topical medications. Higher levels of evidence exist for intracavernosal injections and extracorporeal shock wave therapy and may be helpful in certain patient populations.The mechanisms behind Peyronie's disease are not fully understood. Penile injections provide the highest quality of evidence for noninvasive treatment.Ory J, MacDonald L, Langille G. Noninvasive Treatment Options for Peyronie's Disease. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:603–614.
Development of combined microstructure and structure characterization facility for <i>in situ</i> and <i>operando</i> studies at the Advanced Photon Source (2018)

Following many years of evolutionary development, first at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and then at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, the APS ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) facility has been transformed by several new developments. These comprise a conversion to higher-order crystal optics and higher X-ray energies as the standard operating mode, rapid fly scan measurements also as a standard operational mode, automated contiguous pinhole small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at intermediate scattering vectors, and associated rapid wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements for X-ray diffraction without disturbing the sample geometry. With each mode using the USAXS incident beam optics upstream of the sample, USAXS/SAXS/WAXS measurements can now be made within 5 min, allowing <i>in situ</i> and <i>operando</i> measurement capabilities with great flexibility under a wide range of sample conditions. These developments are described, together with examples of their application to investigate materials phenomena of technological importance. Developments of two novel USAXS applications, USAXSbased X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and USAXS imaging, are also briefly reviewed.
Enzymatic oxidation of polyamines. Relationship to immunosuppressive properties (1981)

A method for the detection of spermine oxidase activity was developed using the amino acid analyzer to follow the changes in composition of incubation mixture of spermine or spermidine. Spermine oxidase activity could be detected in fetal calf serum (FCS), and six major spermine oxidation products were revealed in the incubation mixture. Incubation of spermine or spermidine with FCS produced oxidation products which suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mitogenesis and the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction. Oxidation was inhibited by the spermine oxidase inhibitors hydroxylamine and isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and inhibition of the immune response was no longer evident suggesting that the inhibitory material was a product of the action of the enzyme on spermic and spermidine. When FCS was used as the source of the spermine oxidase, some suppression via a cytotoxic effect could not be excluded. Mouse amniotic fluid was found to contain high levels of a spermine oxidase having a somewhat different specificity than that in FCS, and this enzyme produced a noncytotoxic immune inhibitor from cadaverine, spermidine and spermine. These data raise questions concerning the role polyamine oxidation products may play in the immunosuppression associated with pregnancy and in the generation of nonantigen-specific suppressors by cells cultured in FCS or other media containing polyamine oxidase activity.
Vitamin D3 and cardiovascular function in rats. (1987)

We have previously identified a receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in myocardial cells (Simpson, R.U. 1983. Circulation. 68:239.). To establish the relevance of this observation, we evaluated the role of the prohormone vitamin D3 in regulating cardiovascular function. In rats maintained on a vitamin D3-deficient diet for nine weeks, increases in systolic blood pressure (BP) and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were observed. These increases coincided with a reduction of serum calcium from 10.3 to 5.6 mg/dl. However, while serum calcium remained depressed throughout the study, increases in BP and serum CPK were transient. After nine weeks of vitamin D3-depletion, but not after six weeks, ventricular and vascular muscle contractile function were also markedly enhanced. The increase in ventricular contractile function could not be prevented by maintaining serum calcium at 9.0 mg/dl during the period of D3-depletion. These observations suggest a primary role for the vitamin D3-endocrine system in regulating cardiovascular function.
Corrosion of Metals by Phenols (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrosion of Metals by PhenolsF. H. Rhodes, P. A. Riedel, and V. K. HendricksCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 5, 533–534Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50293a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50293a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thermal diffusivity of graphite sheet at low temperatures (2001)

The temperature dependence of the in-plane thermal diffusivity and the out-of-plane thermal diffusivity for graphite sheet over the temperature range from 30 to 375 K, and the in-plane anisotropy at room temperature measured by a laser-heating AC calorimetric method, are reported. It was found that the value of the in-plane thermal diffusivity was significantly greater than that of the out-of-plane direction. It was also found that the in-plane thermal diffusivity did not show any directional dependence.
Electronic defect levels in self-implanted cw laser-annealed silicon (1979)

Electronic defect levels in self-implanted cw Ar-laser-annealed silicon have been measured by deep-level transient spectroscopy. The electron emission spectrum is dominated by two levels near the middle of the silicon forbidden energy band with activation energies of ∼0.49 and 0.56 eV. These levels can be spatially resolved in the depletion layer of Schottky diodes due to a more rapid decrease with distance in the density of the shallower level. In samples receiving a 450 °C furnace anneal (after laser irradiation) an additional level appears at 0.28 eV; the defect density is shown to decrease monotonically with depth into the silicon substrate.
Excitatory amino acid release from astrocytes during energy failure by reversal of sodium‐dependent uptake (1995)

Non-synaptic release may be the major route of excitatory amino acid (EAA) efflux during cerebral ischemia. Possible routes of non-synaptic release include non-specific anion channels, reversal of Na(+)-, Cl(-)-, or Ca(2+)-dependent uptake, and cell lysis. In the present study we employ a novel approach to show reversal of Na(+)-dependent uptake as a major route of EAA efflux from astrocyte cultures under conditions of energy failure. Primary rat astrocyte cultures were subjected to combined blockade of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism after incubation with [3H]-D-aspartate (D-ASP). Energy failure produced an efflux of D-ASP that was maximal by 90 minutes. The efflux over this period was reduced by more than 50% in cells that had been pre-loaded with PDC (L-transpyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid) or TBHA (threo-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid), compounds that are competitive inhibitors of Na(+)-dependent glutamate uptake. The effect of pre-loading with the inhibitors was concentration dependent. No effect was seen if the inhibitors were added after induction of energy failure, suggesting that the attenuation of D-ASP efflux resulted from binding of the inhibitors to an intracellular site. These results provide strong evidence that EAA efflux from astrocytes under conditions of energy failure occurs largely through reversal of Na(+)-dependent uptake.
Production of monoclonal antibodies to guanine imidazole ring-opened aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>DNA, the persistent DNA adduct <i>in vivo</i> (1982)

Monoclonal antibodiess were produced following immunisation of mice with guanine imidazole ring-opened aflatoxin B1 DNA (iro AFB1 DNA), coupled electrostatically to methylated keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Three monoclonal hybridoma lines producing antibodies specific for iro AFB1 DNA were grown as ascites tumours and suitable dilutions of the ascitic fluid (1:8000-1:50,000) used in a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure reactivity of the antibodies to a variety of aflatoxin and nucleic acid-related compounds. These antibodies recognise AFB1 bound to DNA at levels 10(4)-10(5) times lower concentration than unmodified calf thymus DNA or 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-aflatoxin B1: and show 2-5 times the affinity to iro AFB1 DNA compared to AFB1 DNA. The concentration of AFB1 in iro AFB1 DNA producing 50% inhibition in a competitive ELISA was 1.8 x 10(-7) molar. Using the most sensitive hybridoma line, levels of 1 adduct in 300,000 nucleotides would be detectable, which is the level of binding found in the rat and the hamster in vivo. These monoclonal antibodie should therefore prove useful in detecting these lesions in animal and human tissue samples exposed to aflatoxins.
Phase transitions in ruthenium dioxide up to 40 GPa: Mechanism for the rutile-to-fluorite phase transformation and a model for the high-pressure behavior of stishovite<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1993)

${\mathrm{RuO}}_{2}$ was studied up to 40.2 GPa by angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction. Two phase transitions were observed, the first from the rutile-structured ambient phase to an orthorhombic phase below 8.0 GPa with cell parameters a=4.615(17), b=4.230(13), and c=3.112(4) \AA{}, Z=2 at 11.3 GPa. The second transition at just below 13 GPa was to a fluorite-type structure with a=4.727(4) \AA{}, Z=4 at 40.3 GPa. The first transition appeared to be second order producing a structure that is related to the ${\mathrm{CaCl}}_{2}$ type. Several reflexions were found to be common to all three phases, indicating that the rutile-to-fluorite phase transformation occurs via a diffusionless mechanism dominated by oxygen displacement in the xy plane of rutile. Using group theory, we propose possible diffusionless pathways for the transformation from the initial rutile structure, via the observed, orthorhombic, ${\mathrm{CaCl}}_{2}$-like intermediate, to the fluorite structure, based on a series of group-subgroup relationships. Ruthenium dioxide under ambient conditions is isostructural with stishovite and hence provides a model for the high-pressure behavior of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$.
First In-Human Experience With Complete Integration of Neuromodulation Device Within a Customized Cranial Implant (2017)

Cranial contour irregularities, implant site infection, and bone flap resorption/osteomyelitis are adverse events associated with implantable neurotechnology. This method represents a novel strategy to incorporate all future neuromodulation devices within the confines of a low-profile, computer-designed cranial implant and the newfound potential to eliminate contour irregularities, improve outcomes, and optimize patient satisfaction.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of serum proteins in myocardial infarction patients and subjects at risk of developing coronary heart disease (1983)

Abstract Iso‐Dalt analysis of serum from myocardial infarction patients has revealed the presence of a group of low (<23 000) molecular weight basic peptides, as yet unidentified, which were not found in the serum of healthy controls. The presence and staining intensity of these proteins correlated with the qualitatively assessed serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme activity. The proteins were not detected in sera from patients at risk of developing coronary heart disease (smokers, hypertensive patients, subjects with a family history of developing coronary heart disease, oral contraceptive users, hyperlipidaemics, and diabetics). This excludes their possible use as a predictive test for the development of coronary heart disease. It seems probable that they originate in the cells in or near the infarct.
The Epidemiology of Adiposity and Dementia (2007)

Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine gland in the body, yet only recently has its role in neurodegenerative disease been considered. Prospective population level evidence has emerged to show that both obesity and overweight, is associated with an increased risk of all cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and underlying neurodegenerative changes. Weight loss in late life however is associated with dementia, and those categorized as underweight are also at a greater risk of dementia. Given the current epidemic of obesity, and the expected age-related increase in dementia incidence, even a small association between these two diseases has far reaching public health implications. However, due to the effects of both AD-associated weight loss and age-related changes in body composition, there are methodological challenges in appropriately evaluating obesity as a risk factor for developing dementia. There is a need to take a 'life course approach' and to consider the role of risk factors prior to the onset of old age. Our work has shown that both obesity and overweight, as measured by body mass index and skinfold thickness, in middle-age are strongly associated with an increased risk of all cause dementia, Alzheimer disease & Vascular dementia, independent of the development of diabetes and cardiovascular-related morbidities. There is also value in assessing regional body shape distributions of adiposity, particular the role of abdominal obesity. Mechanistic pathways such as adipocyte secreted proteins and hormones, and inflammatory cytokines could explain the association between obesity and increased risk of dementia.
A Self-restricted CD38-connexin 43 Cross-talk Affects NAD+ and Cyclic ADP-ribose Metabolism and Regulates Intracellular Calcium in 3T3 Fibroblasts (2001)

Connexin 43 (Cx43) hexameric hemichannels, recently demonstrated to mediate NAD(+) transport, functionally interact in the plasma membrane of several cells with the ectoenzyme CD38 that converts NAD(+) to the universal calcium mobilizer cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Here we demonstrate that functional uncoupling between CD38 and Cx43 in CD38-transfected 3T3 murine fibroblasts is paralleled by decreased [Ca(2+)](i) levels as a result of reduced intracellular conversion of NAD(+) to cADPR. A sharp inverse correlation emerged between [Ca(2+)](i) levels and NAD(+) transport (measured as influx into cells and as efflux therefrom), both in the CD38(+) cells (high [Ca(2+)](i), low transport) and in the CD38(-) fibroblasts (low [Ca(2+)](i), high transport). These differences were correlated with distinctive extents of Cx43 phosphorylation in the two cell populations, a lower phosphorylation with high NAD(+) transport (CD38(-) cells) and vice versa (CD38(+) cells). Conversion of NAD(+)-permeable Cx43 to the phosphorylated, NAD(+)-impermeable form occurs via Ca(2+)-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC). Thus, a self-regulatory loop emerged in CD38(+) fibroblasts whereby high [Ca(2+)](i) restricts further Ca(2+) mobilization by cADPR via PKC-mediated disruption of the Cx43-CD38 cross-talk. This mechanism may avoid: (i) leakage of NAD(+) from cells; (ii) depletion of intracellular NAD(+) by CD38; (iii) overproduction of intracellular cADPR resulting in potentially cytotoxic [Ca(2+)](i).
<i>nmb</i>, a novel gene, is expressed in low‐metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts (1995)

From a subtractive cDNA library, we isolated several cDNA clones which showed differential expression between highly and lowly metastatic human melanoma cell lines. One clone, designated nmb, showed preferential expression in the low-metastatic cell lines and was chosen for further characterization. Sequence analysis revealed that this clone represents a novel gene, encoding a putative transmembrane glycoprotein which showed the highest homology to the precursor of pMEL17, a melanocyte-specific protein. nmb RNA expression was absent in most tumor-cell lines tested and not restricted to the melanocytic lineage. Transfection of a partial nmb cDNA into a highly metastatic melanoma cell line (BLM) resulted, in 2 of 3 transfectants, in slower subcutaneous tumor growth and, in 1 of 3 transfectants, in reduction of the potential for spontaneous metastasis in nude mice.
Fertigation for Vegetables: A Practical Guide for Small Fields (2012)

More and more farmers are growing small crops of fruits and vegetables for specialty local markets. They commonly grow several crops at different stages of development at the same time, so they have a variety of produce to sell to customers. This forces farmers to make several fertilizer calculations because of their diverse crop demands, because water and nutrient requirements vary according to the crop and stage of development. This 7-page fact sheet helps growers correctly interpret fertilizer recommendations and calculate accurate fertilizer amounts to be used based on crop nutrient requirements. Written by Jim DeValerio, David Nistler, Robert Hochmuth, and Eric Simonne, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2012. HS1206/HS1206: Fertigation for Vegetables: A Practical Guide for Small Fields (ufl.edu)