gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault tolerant generator systems for wind turbines (2009)

The objective of this paper is to review the possibilities of applying fault tolerance in generator systems for wind turbines based on what has been presented in the literature. In order to make generator systems fault tolerant in a suitable way, it is necessary to gain insight into the probability of different failures, so that suitable measures can be taken. Therefore, a literature survey of reliability of wind turbines, electrical machines and power electronic converters is given. Five different ways of achieving fault tolerance identified in the literature are discussed together with their applicability for wind turbines: (1) converters with redundant semiconductors, (2) fault tolerant converter topologies, (3) fault tolerance by increasing the number of phases, (4) fault tolerance of switched reluctance machines, and (5) design for fault tolerance of PM machines and converters. Because converters fail more often than machines, it makes sense to use of fault tolerant converter topologies. Increasing the number of phases is a useful form of fault tolerance because it can be achieved without increasing the cost significantly.
Galerkin solution of the inverse problem for aquifer transmissivity (1973)

The inverse problem in aquifer analysis may be solved by a Galerkin finite element approach. The proposed solution is applied to an inhomogeneous isotropic aquifer for which steady state piezometric head is known and transmissivity is unknown. The condition for existence and uniqueness of a solution is that transmissivity must be known along a line crossed by all streamlines in the flow system. In the Galerkin solution this condition may be stated alternatively in terms of flux, so that knowing the discharge at a well may satisfy the uniqueness requirement. Isoparametric finite elements are used, polynomial shape functions approximating aquifer geometry, hydraulic head, and transmissivity. The flexibility of the isoparametric elements permits using an irregular grid with nodes directly at observation points. Applications show that the solution is highly sensitive to the degree of approximation in the functional representation of hydraulic head but relatively insensitive to the representation of transmissivity. The finite element solution converges to a unique solution as element size decreases.
Role of Endothelial Cell–Derived Angptl2 in Vascular Inflammation Leading to Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Progression (2014)

Endothelial cell-derived Angptl2 accelerates vascular inflammation by activating proinflammatory signaling in endothelial cells and increasing macrophage infiltration, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression.
Multicompartimental microcapsules for cell entrapment (2008)

Recent advances in cell biology, encapsulation technology and biomaterials sciences have led to the proposal that xenotransplantation procedures combined with an adapted immunoprotective strategy, may provide a solution to the shortage of human allografts. Cell encapsulation is a well known technique for the entrapment of viable cells within a semi-permeable polymeric membrane. These membranes are usually formulated to permit small molecules such as nutrients to freely permeate into the microcapsule while blocking larger molecules and cells of the host immune system. Encapsulation allows the transplant of xenogenic or allogenic cells into a host to repair or replace damaged or diseased tissue without the need of immunosupressive regimens (Uludag H. et al. 2000) that are often characterized by a number of adverse effects (Rabkin J.M. et al. 2000). Most cell encapsulation devices are usually composed of polymers such as alginate, carrageenans, collagen, chitosan, cellulose and agar/agarose (Park J.K. et al. 2000). Among the polymers tested so far, alginate has been and will continue to be one of the most important encapsulating material. Alginate cross-linked with Ca or Ba ions has been used successfully to encapsulate cells and to maintain their function in tissue culture (Draget K.I. et al. 1997 and De Vos P. et al. 2006). Xenogeneic and allogeneic ECM has been used as a bioscaffold for different tissue engineering applications (Badylak 2004). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex mixture of structural and functional proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans arranged in a unique, tissue specific three-dimensional ultrastructure. All ECMs share the common features of providing structural support and serving as a reservoir of growth factors. For this reason, ECM proteins have been utilized extensively in an effort to modify the physical, mechanical, or immunogenic properties of bioscaffolds. The present paper is intended to describe the optimization, by a factorial design approach, of a method based on the application of an “air-monojet” instrument for the encapsulation of Sertoli cells (SC) into alginate/EMC microcapsules (multicompartimental microcapsules). Special attention will be paid to fix the experimental set up resulting in the formation of uniform spherical smooth microcapsules.
Strategies to prevent intraoperative lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (2010)

During open heart surgery the influence of a series of factors such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), hypothermia, operation and anaesthesia, as well as medication and transfusion can cause a diffuse trauma in the lungs. This injury leads mostly to a postoperative interstitial pulmonary oedema and abnormal gas exchange. Substantial improvements in all of the above mentioned factors may lead to a better lung function postoperatively. By avoiding CPB, reducing its time, or by minimizing the extracorporeal surface area with the use of miniaturized circuits of CPB, beneficial effects on lung function are reported. In addition, replacement of circuit surface with biocompatible surfaces like heparin-coated, and material-independent sources of blood activation, a better postoperative lung function is observed. Meticulous myocardial protection by using hypothermia and cardioplegia methods during ischemia and reperfusion remain one of the cornerstones of postoperative lung function. The partial restoration of pulmonary artery perfusion during CPB possibly contributes to prevent pulmonary ischemia and lung dysfunction. Using medication such as corticosteroids and aprotinin, which protect the lungs during CPB, and leukocyte depletion filters for operations expected to exceed 90 minutes in CPB-time appear to be protective against the toxic impact of CPB in the lungs. The newer methods of ultrafiltration used to scavenge pro-inflammatory factors seem to be protective for the lung function. In a similar way, reducing the use of cardiotomy suction device, as well as the contact-time between free blood and pericardium, it is expected that the postoperative lung function will be improved.
A randomized comparison of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2 in AML induction: results from the UK NCRI AML17 trial in 1206 patients (2015)

Modifying induction therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may improve the remission rate and reduce the risk of relapse, thereby improving survival. Escalation of the daunorubicin dose to 90 mg/m(2) has shown benefit for some patient subgroups when compared with a dose of 45 mg/m(2), and has been recommended as a standard of care. However, 60 mg/m(2) is widely used and has never been directly compared with 90 mg/m(2). As part of the UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) AML17 trial, 1206 adults with untreated AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, mostly younger than 60 years of age, were randomized to a first-induction course of chemotherapy, which delivered either 90 mg/m(2) or 60 mg/m(2) on days 1, 3, and 5 combined with cytosine arabinoside. All patients then received a second course that included daunorubicin 50 mg/m(2) on days 1, 3, and 5. There was no overall difference in complete remission rate (73% vs 75%; odds ratio, 1.07 [0.83-1.39]; P = .6) or in any recognized subgroup. The 60-day mortality was increased in the 90 mg/m(2) arm (10% vs 5% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.98 [1.30-3.02]; P = .001), which resulted in no difference in overall 2-year survival (59% vs 60%; HR, 1.16 [0.95-1.43]; P = .15). In an exploratory subgroup analysis, there was no subgroup that showed significant benefit, although there was a significant interaction by FLT3 ITD mutation. This trial is registered at http://www.isrctn.com as #ISRCTN55675535.
Oxidation of methyl formylstearate with molecular oxygen (1976)

Abstract Methyl formylstearate, containing soluble rhodium complex from rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of methyl oleate, is oxidized in an emulsion to methyl carboxystearate. The reaction is carried out in a closed system at 20–25 C in the presence of either air or oxygen (1–3 atm). Conversion to methyl carboxystearate is 87–89% in 2–3 hr; when catalytic amounts of calcium acetate are present, 93–95% is converted. The principal byproduct of oxidation is methyl formyloxystearate, formation of which is suppressed by calcium acetate. Distillation of crude methyl carboxystearate yields a residue containing soluble rhodium (and calcium acetate if used), which after calcining in the presence of a refractory support produces an effective hydroformylation catalyst. Recovery and regeneration of this catalyst provide an economically feasible batch process for methyl carboxystearate.
Associations Between Milk Protein Polymorphisms and Milk Production Traits (1992)

Associations between milk protein genotypes and milk production traits were estimated from 6803 first lactation records. Exact tests of associated hypotheses and unbiased estimates of genotype effects were from an animal model. Milk protein genotype effects were estimated using a model in which each milk protein gene was analyzed separately (single-gene analysis) and a model in which all milk protein genes were analyzed simultaneously (multigene analysis). The results of the two models indicate that some effects ascribed to certain milk protein genes in the single-gene analysis are not effects of the milk protein gene itself but of linked genes. Results from this study and from literature indicate that the kappa-casein gene or a very closely linked gene affects protein percentage, and the beta-lactoglobulin gene or a very closely linked gene affects fat percentage. Furthermore, effects of beta-casein genotypes on milk production, fat percentage, and protein yield were significant, and beta-lactoglobulin genotypes had significant effects on milk production and protein yield. It is less clear whether those effects are due to effects of milk protein genes themselves or to effects of linked genes.
A technique for monitoring the quality of used frying oils (1986)

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a practical method for monitoring the quality of oils during the frying process. A special effort was made to find a technique that would not be affected by dilution, since replenishment with fresh oil to varying degrees is a frequent necessity. Nine analytical methods, i.e., measurements of viscosity, polymers, change in dielectric constant, polar compounds, dimers, free fatty acids, smoke point, carbonyls and cyclic monomers, as well as certain combinations of these measurements were evaluated. Since each single method was influenced by replenishment with fresh oil, combinations of two methods were studied in an attempt to produce a single value unaffected by dilution. The ratio polymer/FOS (polymers according to Peled's technique of methylation and extraction and change in dielectric constant by Foodoil Sensor readings) proved not only to be adequate for monitoring the quality of the used oil, but also was affected minimally by replenishment.
ChemInform Abstract: Positional Importance of the Nitrogen Atom in Novel Piperidine Analogues of GBR 12909: Affinity and Selectivity for the Dopamine Transporter. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogensJeongmok Kim, Maurice R. Marshall, and Cheng-i WeiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 11, 2839–2845Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00059a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00059a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5392Altmetric-Citations631LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrokinetic trapping at the one nanometer limit (2011)

Anti-Brownian electrokinetic traps have been used to trap and study the free-solution dynamics of large protein complexes and long chains of DNA. Small molecules in solution have thus far proved too mobile to trap by any means. Here we explore the ultimate limits on trapping single molecules. We developed a feedback-based anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap in which classical thermal noise is compensated to the maximal extent allowed by quantum measurement noise. We trapped single fluorophores with a molecular weight of < 1 kDa and a hydrodynamic radius of 6.7 Å for longer than one second, in aqueous buffer at room temperature. This achievement represents an 800-fold decrease in the mass of objects trapped in solution, and opens the possibility to trap and manipulate any soluble molecule that can be fluorescently labeled. To illustrate the use of this trap, we studied the binding of unlabeled RecA to fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA. Binding of RecA induced changes in the DNA diffusion coefficient, electrophoretic mobility, and brightness, all of which were measured simultaneously and on a molecule-by-molecule basis. This device greatly extends the size range of molecules that can be studied by room temperature feedback trapping, and opens the door to further studies of the binding of unmodified proteins to DNA in free solution.
Framing product design: using design communication to facilitateuser learning (1995)

Industrial design has become a key source of competitive advantage and strategic focus to companies in the 1990s. The rapid emergence of the information age, the proletarianization of computer technology, and the need for continual improvements in worker productivity have driven companies to seek ways to enhance worker productivity. The limiting factor, however, is not technology, but workers′ ability to use it effectively. Focusses on design communication, and specifically product framing, and its role in facilitating the interface between worker and technology in business and industrial markets. Product framing encourages users to compare new products with, or “think of” the new product in terms of, a frame of reference with which they already might be familiar. Product framing thus accelerates learning and adoption. Defines, illustrates and categorizes product framing and reports the results of a pilot test.
Anti-shock effects of synthetic effective compositions of fructus aurantii immaturus. Experimental study and clinical observation. (1989)

Satisfactory results have been obtained in treating infective shock with injection of natural Fructus Aurantii immaturus (nat-FAI). The results of animal experiments and clinical observations on the anti-shock effects of the synthetic effective compositions of Fructus Aurantii immaturus (syn-FAI) are reported. The cardiac output increased from 0.53 to 0.87 L/min (P less than 0.01), and the cardiac index increased from 0.99 to 1.63 L/m2/min (P less than 0.01) in the endotoxic shock dogs after the treatment with syn-FAI. At the same time the blood stream in bulbar conjunctiva became accelerated and the dilated microvessels began to get smaller in most dogs. Of fifty children with infective shock treated with syn-FAI, forty-eight showed curative effects, with a total effective rate of 96%. The anti-shock effective compositions in FAI have been proved to be synephrine and N-methyltyrosamine. Moreover, syn-FAI has shown a more stable property, less side-effects and better clinical results than nat-FAI.
Hijacking a Cell's Chemical Paths to Make New Antibiotics (1997)

The push is on to find new versions of old wonder drugs, as ever more strains of bacteria develop resistance to conventional antibiotics. The trouble is, many antibiotics have a complex molecular architecture that makes them extremely difficult to synthesize, let alone tinker with afterward. For these molecules, medical researchers have largely had to accept what nature gives them: compounds made by antibiotic-producing bacteria and fungi. In this issue of Science, however, a group of biochemists describes a way to hijack the antibiotic-producing chemical pathways of bacteria, exploiting them to produce a wide variety of new compounds.
Practical total synthesis of (.+-.)-mitomycin C (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical total synthesis of (.+-.)-mitomycin CTohru Fukuyama and Lihu YangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 21, 8303–8304Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00203a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00203a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2461Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spinal epidural hematoma (2011)

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is a rare neurosurgical emergency. SEH is characterized by an archetypal clinical presentation including abrupt spinal pain followed more or less rapidly by various degrees of neurological deficit. The diagnosis of SEH, often based on a clinical presumption, represents a clinical challenge. Several reports have outlined missed or delayed diagnosis due to unusual and confusing onsets or unawareness of this diagnosis by physicians. Therefore, physicians should keep in mind the possibility of SEH in their differential diagnosis when confronted with patients complaining of sudden onset of acute spinal pain with or without neurological sign, because the impact of a delayed diagnosis can be disabling catastrophic neurological sequelae. We suggest that SEH is a dynamic disease, which occurs in patients with an abnormal vasculature structural degenerative change. The bleeding is probably of multifactorial origin incriminating veins as well as arteries. Therefore, we proposed a classification of SEH, according to the most probable etiology whatever the associated factors, in six groups: spontaneous, secondary, iatrogenic, traumatic, recurrent, and idiopathic SEH.
Cryptographic Approaches for Privacy Preservation in Location-Based Services (2011)

Current research in location-based services (LBSs) highlights the importance of cryptographic primitives in privacy preservation for LBSs, and presents solutions that attempt to support the (apparently) mutually exclusive requirements for access control and context privacy (i.e., identity and/or location), while at the same time adopting more conservative assumptions in order to reduce or completely remove the need for trust on system entities (e.g., the LBS provider, the network operator, or other peer nodes). This paper surveys the current state of knowledge concerning the use of cryptographic primitives for privacy-preservation in LBS applications.
Efficacy of Intra‐articular Platelet‐Rich Plasma Injections in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review (2015)

Level I, systematic review of Level I studies.
A Silver DNAzyme (2016)

Silver is a very common heavy metal, and its detection is of significant analytical importance. DNAzymes are DNA-based catalysts; they typically recruit divalent and trivalent metal ions for catalysis. Herein, we report a silver-specific RNA-cleaving DNAzyme named Ag10c obtained after six rounds of in vitro selection. Ag10c displays a catalytic rate of 0.41 min(-1) with 10 μM Ag(+) at pH 7.5 with 200 mM NaNO3, while its activity is completely inhibited with the same concentration of NaCl. Ag10c is highly specific for Ag(+) among all the tested metals. A catalytic beacon biosensor is designed by labeling a fluorophore and a quencher on the DNAzyme. Fluorescence enhancement is observed in the presence of Ag(+) with a detection limit of 24.9 nM Ag(+). The sensor shows a similar analytical performance in Lake Huron water. This is the first monovalent transition metal dependent RNA-cleaving DNAzyme. Apart from its biosensor application, this study strengthens the idea of exploring beyond the traditional understanding of multivalent ion dependent DNAzyme catalysis.
MOSFET synchronous rectification with constant current transformer reset circuit (2002)

This paper examines a synchronous rectification of a forward converter that uses a constant-current circuit for the transformer reset. To reduce loss in the constant-current circuit, the converter is connected to supply some of the power to the load. The question of optimizing the reset power is considered and the power distribution is shown. The reset power was set to its optimum value, and experimental values were used to examine this. We also investigated operations under no-load and show that the converter operates normally and that the reset is being performed.