gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of Nepalese migrant workers in Thailand: initial conditions and disappointing outcomes (2012)

This paper describes exploratory qualitative research among Nepalese migrant workers in Thailand, based on a series of more than 60 personal interviews. The research followed a qualitative method with a semi-structured agenda aimed at encouraging respondents to explore issues of importance to themselves and their colleagues. The research indicated significant differences between skilled and unskilled workers and that the difference between skilled and unskilled relied almost entirely upon class differences in the caste-intensive sending society. There are some possibilities for business development in Thailand but these are reliant upon negotiating the currently significant differences between documented and undocumented migrants. It is not clear that this can be achieved under current conditions even though the Thai Government is seeking stable supply of semi-skilled workers for the next decade.
Photon-counting CT: modeling and compensating of spectral distortion effects (2015)

Spectral computed tomography (CT) with photon-counting detectors (PCDs) has the potential to substantially advance diagnostic CT imaging by reducing image noise and dose to the patient, by improving contrast and tissue specificity, and by enabling molecular and functional imaging. However, the current PCD technology is limited by two main factors: imperfect energy measurement (spectral response effects, SR) and count rate non-linearity (pulse pileup effects, PP, due to detector deadtimes) resulting in image artifacts and quantitative inaccuracies for material specification. These limitations can be lifted with image reconstruction algorithms that compensate for both SR and PP. A prerequisite for this approach is an accurate model of the count losses and spectral distortions in the PCD. In earlier work we developed a cascaded SR-PP model and evaluated it using a physical PCD. In this paper we show the robustness of our approach by modifying the cascaded SR-PP model for a faster PCD with smaller pixels and a different pulse shape. We compare paralyzable and non-paralyzable detector models. First, the SR-PP model is evaluated at low and high count rates using two sets of attenuators. Then, the accuracy of the compensation is evaluated by estimating the thicknesses of three basis functions.
Superbugs: Should antimicrobial resistance be included as a cost in economic evaluation? (1996)

This paper argues that increasing resistance to antimicrobials is an important social externality that has not been captured at the level of economic appraisal. The paper explicitly considers reasons why the externality of antimicrobial resistance has not generally been included as a cost in economic evaluations comparing management strategies for infectious diseases. Four reasons are considered: first, that the absolute cost of antimicrobial resistance is too small to be worth including; second, that there is an implicit discounting of the costs of antimicrobial resistance on the basis of time preference which makes the cost too small to be worth including; third, that there is an implicit discounting of the costs of antimicrobial resistance on the basis of uncertainty which makes the cost too small to be worth including; and fourth, that the costs are too difficult to measure. Although there does not appear to be methodological justification for excluding the costs of antimicrobial resistance, it seems likely that, because of the practical difficulties associated with measuring these costs, they will continue to be ignored. The paper concludes with a discussion of the applicability of standard policy responses used to deal with externalities in other areas of welfare economics.
Rac1 GTPases control filopodia formation, cell motility, endocytosis, cytokinesis and development in Dictyostelium (2000)

The function of the highly homologous Rac1A, Rac1B, and Rac1C GTPases of the Dictyostelium Rac1 group was investigated. All three GTPases bound with an equal capacity to the IQGAP-related protein DGAP1, with a preference for the activated GTP-bound form. Strong overexpression of wild-type Rac1 GTPases N-terminally tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), predominantly induced the formation of numerous long filopodia. Remarkably, expression of the constitutively-activated GTPases resulted in dominant-negative phenotypes: these Rac1-V12 mutants completely lacked filopodia but formed numerous crown shaped structures resembling macropinosomes. Moreover, these mutants were severely impaired in cell motility, colony growth, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, cytokinesis and development. Transformants expressing constitutively-inactivated Rac1-N17 proteins were similar to wild-type cells, but displayed abundant and short filopodia and exhibited a moderate defect in cytokinesis. Taken together, our results indicate that the three GTPases play an identical role in signaling pathways and are key regulators of cellular activities that depend on the re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton in Dictyostelium.
The Location of Silicon Dioxide in Silicified Microcrystalline Cellulose (1999)

Silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC) is a novel tableting excipient which has been reported to exhibit improved binding capability as a material and in formulations. The material is also reported to show improved resistance to the deleterious effects of magnesium stearate compared with conventional microcrystalline cellulose.



To understand the improvement in functionality of silicified microcrystalline cellulose the location of silicon dioxide in SMCC was investigated by studying particle surfaces and cross-sections using scanning electron microscopy together with electron probe micro-analysis.



The results suggest that silicon dioxide is primarily located in the surface of SMCC. Some silicon dioxide was detected in the internal regions of some particles.
Role of tumor necrosis factor in oxygen toxicity (1992)

mRNA from lungs of mice exposed to high-dose oxygen (greater than 95%) for 3 days demonstrated increased expression of the genes for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 compared with mRNA from lungs of mice exposed to room air. Daily treatment of mice exposed to high-dose oxygen with an antibody to TNF improved survival compared with mice receiving a similar dose of control immunoglobulin G. Pretreatment of mice with repetitive sublethal intraperitoneal doses of recombinant human TNF for 3 days or a single intravenous dose followed by exposure to high-dose oxygen afforded a significant survival advantage compared with high-dose oxygen-exposed mice pretreated with vehicle or interleukin-1. The repetitive intraperitoneal TNF pretreatment reduced the development of interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung weight gain associated with oxygen toxicity and enhanced expression of the gene for the free radical protective enzyme manganous superoxide dismutase in lung tissue, a gene that is augmented as mice are exposed to high-dose oxygen. Furthermore a single intravenous dose of TNF 24 h after oxygen exposure was still protective. The results suggest that the toxicity of oxygen therapy can be partially ameliorated by either treatment with anti-TNF antibody or pretreatment and early treatment with TNF. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that oxygen exposure induces TNF, which causes part of the toxicity of high-dose oxygen, and that pretreatment or early treatment with TNF induces the gene for an enzyme that recently has been shown to be very effective in protecting mice from the toxicity of oxygen.
Prolonged Apnea and Cardiac Arrhythmias in Infants Discharged from Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Failure to Predict an Increased Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (1982)

Twenty-four hour recordings of respiratory wave form and ECG were made on low-birth-weight and/or premature infants within one week of discharge from eight neonatal intensive care units. Eight infants (0.7%) had episodes of apnea greater than 30 seconds in duration, all of which were accompanied by bradycardia less than 100 beats per minute; 25 infants (2.3%) had a total of 36 apneic episodes between 20 and 30 seconds in duration, 29 of which were accompanied by bradycardia less than or equal to 100 beats per minute; and 19 infants (1.7%) had episodes of bradycardia less than or equal to 50 beats per minute without prolonged apnea (as shown by a lack of breathing movement). Five infants had ventricular premature beats (including one with ventricular tachycardia). Eleven infants had supraventricular premature beats (including two with supraventricular tachycardia and one with preexcitation). Four infants had both supraventricular and ventricular premature beats. Two infants had preexcitation. Eleven infants who underwent 24-hour recordings died. Five infants were victims of sudden infant death syndrome. One infant death was sudden and unexpected and was attributed to bronchopneumonia. Two deaths were associated with congenital heart disease and three were associated with major cerebral disorders. None of the six babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly had apnea greater than or equal to 20 seconds, bradycardia less than or equal to 50 beats per minute, or cardiac arrhythmias on their 24-hour recordings.
Characters And Synonymies Among The Genera Of Ants. Part Ii. (1953)

xBio:D Automated Upload
Covalent assembly of 3D graphene/polypyrrole foams for oil spill cleanup (2013)

Functionalized graphene oxide (KGO) sheets were covalently assembled with pyrrole and reduced to form a 3D foam structure via a multistep route through the hydrolytic condensation (cross-linking), polymerization reactions and hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The formed graphene/polypyrrole foam and its structures were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specific surface area and the total pore volume of the samples were measured using N2 adsorption. The graphene composite foams have a special 3D structure, with a wide range of macropores (from sub-μm to several hundred μm) and mesopores within. Due to the intrinsic covalent bonding between graphene sheets and the special 3D structure, not only were the sorption capacities of the graphene/polypyrrole foams determined to be very high for oil (>100 g g−1) and solvent, but also the sorption rate was very high.
Selectively δ-doped Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As/GaAs heterostructures with high two-dimensional electron-gas concentrations <i>n</i>2DEG≥1.5×1012 cm−2 for field-effect transistors (1987)

The δ-doping concept is applied to selectively doped heterostructures in the AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs material system. High two-dimensional electron-gas concentrations ≥1.5×1012 cm−2 are obtained at T=300 K in such selectively δ-doped heterostructures due to (i) size quantization in the AlxGa1−xAs and (ii) localization of donor impurities within one atomic monolayer. Shubnikov–de Haas measurements yield n2DEG =1.1×1012 cm−2 at 300 mK and at a spacer thickness of 25 Å. Selectively δ-doped heterostructure transistors (SΔDHT’s) are fabricated and have excellent characteristics due to the enhanced electron-gas concentrations achieved. A very high transconductance of gm ≂360 mS/mm at a gate length of 1.2 μm is obtained in depletion-mode SΔDHT’s at T=300 K.
Recurrent <i>TRIO</i> Fusion in Nontranslocation–Related Sarcomas (2016)

TRIO fusions have been identified in four different sarcoma histotypes, likely meaning that they are not related to a primary oncogenic event but rather to a secondary one implicated in tumor progression. Moreover, they appear to be specific to nontranslocation-related sarcomas, as no such rearrangement was identified in sarcomas with simple genetics. More cases could lead to a significant association of these fusions to a specific clinical behavior. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 857-67. ©2016 AACR.
Graft Copolymerization : On the Structure of the Graft Phase and the Mechanism of Grafting Polybutadiene Rubber (1965)

Abstract Polybutadiene rubber undergoes grafting by direct interaction with initiator radicals rather than by transfer with growing radical chains. The insolubility of the grafted rubber is probably caused by crosslinking, which competes with grafting.
Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab as first-line therapy in microsatellite instability-high/DNA mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: Clinical update. (2020)

11 Background: In the phase 2 CheckMate 142 trial, nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab provided robust and durable clinical benefit and was well tolerated as first-line therapy for microsatellite instability-high/DNA mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (Lenz et al. Ann Oncol 2018;29:LBA18). Longer follow-up data will be presented. Methods: Patients with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC and no prior treatment for metastatic disease received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus low-dose ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks until disease progression or discontinuation. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Results: For all 45 patients (median follow-up was 13.8 months), ORR was 60% (95% CI 44.3–74.3). Responses were consistent with the overall population across subgroups including age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, prior adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy, and mutation status (Table). Seven patients (16%) had grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events; 3 (7%) had any grade treatment-related adverse events leading to discontinuation. Updated response, survival, and safety data after a longer follow-up (median 19.9 months) will be presented. Conclusions: Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab demonstrated robust and durable clinical benefit and was well tolerated. Evaluated subgroups had responses consistent with the overall population. Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab may represent a new first-line treatment option for patients with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. Clinical trial information: NCT02060188. [Table: see text]
A Report of Laboratory Procedures Performed in a Physician's Office or Clinic (1973)

A Report of Laboratory Procedures Performed in a Physician's Office or Clinic James A. Jackson, James A. Jackson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Earl Vastbinder, Earl Vastbinder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph Hamburg Joseph Hamburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 9, 1 September 1973, Pages 17–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/4.9.17 Published: 01 September 1973
Response of leukopenic rabbits to pneumococcal toxin (1982)

Pneumolysin, a cytolytic toxin from Streptococcus pneumoniae, has previously(1) been shown to interact in vitro with polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a variety of ways behaving as a chemotactic, lethal or lytic agent, depending on its concentration. In this study we examined the effect of leukopenia induced by administration of nitrogen mustard on the response of the rabbit to conjunctival instillation and intracorneal injection of pneumolysin. Control animals responded to instillation of crude and pure toxin with intense erythema and chemosis, and production of a thick discharge. No discharge and only traces of erythema and chemosis were noted in leukopenic animals. Leukopenic rabbits also showed a decreased capacity to respond to intracorneal injection of the toxin, particularly striking in the first 48 hours following pneumolysin injection, when opacification, discharge formation, chemosis, and erythema were found to be markedly less than in control animals. We conclude that the polymorphonuclear leukocyte plays a key role in the response of the rabbit eye to pneumococcal toxin. This system appears to be a good model for study of the inflammatory response to microbial products.
The inactivation of native enzymes by a neutral proteinase from rat intestinal muscle (1978)

1. The solubilization and partial purification of a proteinase from the intestinal smooth muscle of rats fed on protein-free diets are described. 2. It has a mol.wt. of about 33000 and it is stable over a narrow pH range. 3. From its susceptibility to known modifers of proteolytic enzymes, it appears to be a serine proteinase of a trypsin-like nature. Active-site titration with soya-bean trypsin inhibitor shows that the concentration of proteinase was about 3 microgram/g wet wt. of intestinal smooth muscle. However, the muscle proteinase demonstrates a marked ability for inactivating enzymes in their native conformation at neutral pH. It is about 100 times more efficient than pancreatic trypsin when the inactivating activities are compared on an approximately equimolar basis. 4. Inactivation of the substrate enzymes is accompanied by limited proteolysis, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 5. An endogenous inhibitor was separated from the proteinase by fractionation with (NH4)2SO4. 6. Contamination of the muscle tissue by lumen, mucosal or blood proteinases and inhibitors is shown to be unlikely. 7. A role for the neutral trypsin-like proteinase in initiating the degradation of intracellular enzymes is considered.
BRCA1 Is Required for Common-Fragile-Site Stability via Its G<sub>2</sub>/M Checkpoint Function (2004)

Common fragile sites are loci that form chromosome gaps or breaks when DNA synthesis is partially inhibited. Fragile sites are prone to deletions, translocations, and other rearrangements that can cause the inactivation of associated tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells. It was previously shown that ATR is critical to fragile-site stability and that ATR-deficient cells have greatly elevated fragile-site expression (A. M. Casper, P. Nghiem, M. F. Arlt, and T. W. Glover, Cell 111:779-789, 2002). Here we demonstrate that mouse and human cells deficient for BRCA1, due to mutation or knockdown by RNA interference, also have elevated fragile-site expression. We further show that BRCA1 functions in the induction of the G(2)/M checkpoint after aphidicolin-induced replication stalling and that this checkpoint function is involved in fragile-site stability. These data indicate that BRCA1 is important in fragile-site stability and that fragile sites are recognized by the G(2)/M checkpoint pathway, in which BRCA1 plays a key role. Furthermore, they suggest that mutations in BRCA1 or interacting proteins could lead to rearrangements at fragile sites in cancer cells.
A Highly Flexible Lightweight and High Speed True Random Number Generator on FPGA (2018)

True random number generator (TRNG), plays an important role in information security systems. Conventional TRNGs use natural physical stochastic processes including thermal noise, chaos-based circuit and so on to generate the random numbers. These analog circuit based TRNG structures often consume lots of hardware resources, and are not easy to be integrated in digital systems. In this paper, a low-cost and high-speed TRNG has been proposed by using mixed oscillation generated from XOR gates nested multiple ring oscillators (ROs). Multi-group mixed oscillation XOR operation is applied to obtain high-speed output. The proposed TRNG design is implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A35T-1FTG256C FPGA. It achieves a high performance with throughput up to 160 Mbps and with a usage of 37 FFs and 25 look up tables (LUTs) in the FPGA. The results show that the proposed TRNG design has successfully passed the testing standards of NIST SP800-22 and AIS31. Compared with previous designs, the proposed TRNG design achieves lower hardware resource consumption and higher speed.
Engineering seismic risk analysis (1968)

Abstract This paper introduces a method for the evaluation of the seismic risk at the site of an engineering project. The results are in terms of a ground motion parameter (such as peak acceleration) versus average return period. The method incorporates the influence of all potential sources of earthquakes and the average activity rates assigned to them. Arbitrary geographical relationships between the site and potential point, line, or areal sources can be modeled with computational ease. In the range of interest, the derived distributions of maximum annual ground motions are in the form of Type I or Type II extreme value distributions, if the more commonly assumed magnitude distribution and attenuation laws are used.
Analytical applications of x-ray excited optical fluorescence spectra. Internal standard principle (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical applications of x-ray excited optical fluorescence spectra. Internal standard principleEdward L. DeKalb, Velmer A. Fassel, Takeshi. Taniguchi, and T. R. SaranathanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 14, 2082–2084Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50158a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50158a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Depth maps interpolation from existing pairs of keyframes and depth maps for 3D video generation (2010)

With the recent 3D display technology improvements, people now can perceive 3D effects in 3D display systems without wearing 3D glasses. However, due to 3D contents are not sufficient enough, the 2D to 3D conversion technique becomes more and more important in the near future. For 2D to 3D video conversion, the most common way is to generate the correspondent depth video from the original 2D video first then synthesizing the desired video by utilizing generated depth videos. The main key point for the 2D to 3D conversion is how to generate the corresponding depth video precisely and efficiently. In this paper, we will propose an efficient depth maps interpolation method from existing pairs of key frames and depth maps. The proposed method contains forward/backward block-based motion estimation/compensation, block refinement, object refinement, and frame selection mechanism. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate the depth maps successfully and effectively, which will be a great help for 3DTV systems.