gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Task scheduling and resource allocation in cloud computing using a heuristic approach (2018)

Cloud computing is required by modern technology. Task scheduling and resource allocation are important aspects of cloud computing. This paper proposes a heuristic approach that combines the modified analytic hierarchy process (MAHP), bandwidth aware divisible scheduling (BATS) + BAR optimization, longest expected processing time preemption (LEPT), and divide-and-conquer methods to perform task scheduling and resource allocation. In this approach, each task is processed before its actual allocation to cloud resources using a MAHP process. The resources are allocated using the combined BATS + BAR optimization method, which considers the bandwidth and load of the cloud resources as constraints. In addition, the proposed system preempts resource intensive tasks using LEPT preemption. The divide-and-conquer approach improves the proposed system, as is proven experimentally through comparison with the existing BATS and improved differential evolution algorithm (IDEA) frameworks when turnaround time and response time are used as performance metrics.
A discussion on deformation of solids by the impact of liquids, and its relation to rain damage in aircraft and missiles, to blade erosion in steam turbines, and to cavitation erosion - The collapse of cavitation bubbles and the pressures thereby produced against solid boundaries (1966)

Abstract Our object is to present a broad review of this subject as a branch of hydrodynamics, referring both to the well known ‘implosion’ mechanism first analysed by Lord Rayleigh and, more particularly, to the recently perceived possibility that effects of equally great violence, such as to damage solid boundaries, may arise through the impact of liquid jets formed by collapsing cavities. In §2 a few practical facts about cavitation damage are recalled by way of background, and then in §3 the significance of available theoretical and experimental information about cavity collapse is discussed. The main exposition of new ideas is in §4, which is a review of the factors contributing to shape changes and eventual jet formation by collapsing cavities. Finally, in §5, some new experimental observations on the unsymmetrical collapse of vapour-filled cavities are presented.
Infrared Intensities of Liquids XX: The Intensity of the OH Stretching Band of Liquid Water Revisited, and the Best Current Values of the Optical Constants of H<sub>2</sub>O(l) at 25°C between 15,000 and 1 cm<sup>−1</sup> (1996)

The previously reported nonreproducibility of the intensity of the OH stretching band of liquid water has been explored. It was found that it can be eliminated in measurements with the Circle® multiple ATR cell by ensuring that the ATR rod is coaxial with the glass liquid holder. It was also found that normal laboratory temperature variations of a few degrees change the intensity by ⩽∼1% of the peak height. A new imaginary refractive index spectrum of water has been determined between 4000 and 700 cm 1 as the average of spectra calculated from ATR spectra recorded by four workers in our laboratory over the past seven years. It was obtained under experimental and computational conditions superior to those used previously, but is only marginally different from the spectra reported in 1989. In particular, the integrated intensities of the fundamentals are not changed significantly from those reported in 1989. The available imaginary refractive index, k, values between 15,000 and 1 cm −1 have been compared. The values that are judged to be the most reliable have been combined into a recommended k spectrum of H 2 O(l) at 25 °C between 15,000 and 1 cm −1 , from which the real refractive index spectrum has been calculated by Kramers–Kronig transformation. The recommended values of the real and imaginary refractive indices and molar absorption coefficients of liquid water at 25 ± 1 °C are presented in graphs and tables. The real and imaginary dielectric constants and the real and imaginary molar polarizabilities in this wavenumber range can be calculated from the tables. Conservatively estimated probable errors of the recommended k values are given. The precision with which the values can be measured in one laboratory and the relative errors between regions are, of course, far smaller than these probable errors. The recommended k values should be of considerable value as interim standard intensities of liquid water, which will facilitate the transfer of intensities between laboratories.
Identification of the herpes simplex virus DNA sequences present in six herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-transformed mouse cell lines (1980)

We have used a novel filter hybridization approach to detect and map the herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sequences which are present in four HSV thymidine kinase (HSVtk+)-transformed cell lines which were derived by exposure of thymidine kinase negative (tk-) mouse cells to UV light-irradiated HSV type 2 (HSV-2). In addition, we have mapped the HSV-1 DNA sequences which are present in two HSV-1tk+-transformed cell lines produced by transfection of tk- mouse cells with sheared HSV-1 DNA. The results of these studies can be summarized as follows. (i) The only HSV DNA sequences which were common to all HSVtk+-transformed cells were those located between map coordinates 0.28 and 0.32. Thus, this region contains all of the viral DNA sequences which are necessary for the expression of HSV-mediated tk transformation. (ii) Many of the cell lines also contained variable amounts of non-tk gene viral DNA sequences located between map coordinates 0.11 to 0.57 and 0.82 to 1.00, suggesting that incorporation of the viral DNA sequences located between these map coordinates is a relatively random event. (iii) The viral DNA sequences located between map coordinates 0 to 0.11 and 0.57 to 0.82 were uniformly absent from all of the HSVtk+ cell lines tested, suggesting that there is a strong negative selective pressure against incorporation of these viral DNA sequences.
Quantum interference effects in two-photon spectroscopy (1978)

Interaction of atoms with two intense coherent time-delayed short pulsed standing waves produces quantum interference effects in the atomic fluorescence. This type of quantum interference effect applied to Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy (an extension of the Ramsey method of separated r.f. or microwave fields in atomic beam experiments) offers a number of important improvements in the presently available techniques of ultra-high-resolution spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, and crystals.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in 2-Hydroxybenzoyl Compounds:  Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations (1996)

IR gas-phase and quantum chemical data that characterize the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in a series of 2-hydroxybenzoyl compounds (Ph(OH)(COY): Y = Cl, OH, SH, OCH3, SCH3, H, CH3, Ph, N(CH(CH3)CH2)2CH2, N(CH2CH2)2CH2, N(CH3)2, NHCH3, NH2, NHNH2) are reported and discussed. The sequences of ν(OH) and of ν(CO) frequencies calculated at HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G**, and B3LYP/6-31G** computational levels agree reasonably well with the corresponding experimental sequences. The consistency of the calculated data is demonstrated by exploiting several relations between calculated frequencies, force constants, and bond distances. It is shown that the sequence of hydrogen bond strengths, as defined either by ν(OH) frequency shifts or by R(O−H) bond distances, may qualitatively be interpreted in terms of two quantities, the R(H···O) hydrogen bond distances and the Q(O) oxygen partial charges, which characterize the intrinsic differences between the carbonyl groups.
Community-Based Prevalence of Anal Incontinence (1995)

Anal incontinence was reported in 2.2% of the general population. Independent risk factors for incontinence include female sex, advancing age, poor general health, and physical limitations.
[Antibacterial sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens]. (1989)

In this study we evaluated the susceptibility of Staph. aureus to antibacterials in vitro by disk diffusion technique. 393 staph. aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples at the Bacteriology laboratory of Ankara University Medical Faculty Microbiology Department. As a result, the most effectual antibacterials are in order: Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cephalothin, Ceftazidime, Sulbactam, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Thiamphenicol, Methicillin, Penicillin G.
Calculation of Deposition Profiles and Compositional Analysis of Cosputtered Films (1972)

Expressions have been derived from the Knudsen's cosine law for deposition profiles of finite-sized sputtering targets having the shapes of a segment of an annulus, sector of a disk, and a rectangle. The ability to calculate such profiles simplifies the recently published method of approximate compositional determination of multicomponent films, cosputtered from physically separated targets of different materials. The only data now required to calculate the composition of an entire sputtered film are the dimensions of the sputtering arrangement, the relative position of the targets, and a number of film thickness measurements equal to or greater than the number of sputtering targets.
Finite Element Analysis of the Car Steering Knuckle Based on ANSYS (2015)

Steering axle and steering knuckle arm often appear craze problem within its service life. In this paper, the structure of a car steering knuckle was investigated using finite element program at uneven road surface conditions, emergency braking condition and sideslip conditions under the condition of full load. The results show that the joint shaft neck and adjacent shoulder of steering knuckle are the easiest to be damaged. At the same time, the steering knuckle meets the strength requirement under various conditions. Secondly, use the theory of fatigue to analysis and consider parts material fatigue properties, mean stress and other factors. Steering knuckle fatigue simulations use the ANSYS software to estimate the fatigue life. Under the condition of loop 900000 times, there was no damage in steering knuckle. According to the analysis results, reduce stress concentration and the surface roughness for steering knuckle improvement measures are proposed
Association of innate immune activation with latent Epstein-Barr virus in active MS lesions (2011)

These findings suggest that latent EBV infection may contribute to the inflammatory milieu in active MS lesions by activating innate immune responses, e.g., IFNα production. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms may help in uncovering causal pathways and developing better treatment strategies for MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
Single-frequency erbium fibre ring laser withintracavity phase-shifted fibre Bragg gratingnarrowband filter (1995)

The authors report a single-frequency unidirectional erbium fibre ring laser operating at 1.55 µm which uses an intracavity phase-shifted fibre Bragg grating as an ultranarrow frequency bandpass filter. The linewidth of the laser was measured to be <2.0 kHz.
Solid-Phase Capture-Release Strategy Applied to Oligosaccharide Synthesis on a Soluble Polymer Support (2001)

A highly simplified synthesis of a tetrasaccharide was possible by a repeated coupling/capture–release cycle. In the first cycle, a glycosyl acceptor (1) bound to a soluble polymer reacted with a glycosyl donor (2) having a chloroacetyl group as a temporary protecting group. Solid-phase capture by a resin-bound thiol group (in 3) was followed by Fmoc removal, which released the polymer-bound disaccharide 4 into the solution phase. Fmoc=9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2001/z17211_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
COLOR STABILITY OF BETANIN (1974)

Some chemical and physical factors were evaluated for their effects on stability of betanin in model systems and in beet juice. Results indicate that the stability of betanin color is pH sensitive and generally is less than that of artificial dyes. The color of betanin is most stable between pH 4.0 and 6.0. Thermostability of betanin was pH dependent and was greatest between pH 4.0 and 5.0. The half‐life of betanin at pH 5.0 and 100°C was 14.5 min, and increased in an unprotected model system to 1150 min at 25°C. The rate at which betanin degraded in model systems was affected by air and/or light. The cumulative effect of these two conditions was a reduction in the half‐life of betanin by 28.6%. The half‐life of betanin in beet juice at pH 5.0 was greater than in model systems. Despite limited stability of betanin in model systems, there are many foods in which betanin could be used as a colorant. Foods to be colored with betanin should have a pH between 4.0 and 7.0, be exposed to low temperatures and be protected from air and/or light to achieve maximum color stability.
A multidimensional phasor approach reveals LAURDAN photophysics in NIH-3T3 cell membranes (2017)

Mammalian cell membranes have different phospholipid composition and cholesterol content, displaying a profile of fluidity that depends on their intracellular location. Among the dyes used in membrane studies, LAURDAN has the advantage to be sensitive to the lipid composition as well as to membrane fluidity. The LAURDAN spectrum is sensitive to the lipid composition and dipolar relaxation arising from water penetration, but disentangling lipid composition from membrane fluidity can be obtained if time resolved spectra could be measured at each cell location. Here we describe a method in which spectral and lifetime information obtained in different measurements at the same plane in a cell are used in the phasor plot providing a solution to analyze multiple lifetime or spectral data through a common visualization approach. We exploit a property of phasor plots based on the reciprocal role of the phasor plot and the image. In the phasor analysis each pixel of the image is associated with a phasor and each phasor maps to pixels and features in the image. In this paper the lifetime and spectral fluorescence data are used simultaneously to determine the contribution of polarity and dipolar relaxations of LAURDAN in each pixel of an image.
A New Algorithm for Generating Prime Implicants (1970)

This paper describes an algorithm which will generate all the prime implicants of a Boolean function. The algorithm is different from those previously given in the literature, and in many cases it is more efficient. It is proved that the algorithm will find all the prime implicants. The algorithm may possibly generate some nonprime implicants. However, using frequency orderings on literals, the experiments with the algorithm show that it usually generates very few ( possibly none) nonprime implicants. Furthermore, the algorithm may be used to find the minimal sums of a Boolean function. The algorithm is implemented by a computer program in the LISP language.
Artificial envelopment of nonenveloped viruses: enhancing adenovirus tumor targeting <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

Recombinant adenovirus (Ad) is a powerful tool in gene therapy. However, the ability to deliver Ad by systemic administration is limited due to rapid clearance from blood circulation, transfection of nontarget tissues, toxicity, and immunogenicity. To address these limitations, we developed an artificially enveloped Ad vector prepared by self-assembly of lipid bilayers around the Ad capsid. The physicochemical and structural features of the enveloped Ad vector can be altered according to the type of lipid used without the need for genetic modification or conjugation chemistry. Here we engineered 4 different types of artificially enveloped Ad using cationic, neutral, fusogenic, and PEGylated lipids to form the envelopes and obtained extended blood circulation times following i.v. administration and reduced vector immunogenicity. Moreover, the PEGylated lipid-enveloped Ad was capable of specifically delivering genes via the systemic circulation to solid tumors subcutaneously implanted in the absence of high levels of gene transfer to the liver and spleen. This provides the basis for the development of a novel vector platform for systemic delivery of Ad to disseminated targets. Furthermore, the artificial envelopment of Ad presented herein is an illustration of a general strategy to modulate the biological function of nonenveloped viruses and may have implications broader than gene therapy.
Transition State Imbalance in the Deprotonation of Substituted 2-Tetralones by Hydroxide Ion (1997)

Rate and equilibrium constants for the deprotonation of a series of phenyl-substituted 2-tetralones in aqueous sodium hydroxide have been determined. A Brønsted plot of log k for deprotonation vs pKa of the appropriate 2-tetralone is linear with a slope (−α) of −0.60 ± 0.01, except for the point corresponding to 6-nitro-2-tetralone (1b). The negative deviation of 1b from the correlation indicates that the transition state for deprotonation of 2-tetralone is imbalanced, with delocalization of charge into the phenyl ring lagging behind proton transfer. A semiquantitative assessment of the charge distribution in both the fully formed anion and the transition state for deprotonation was calculated from these results and 13C NMR spectra of the 2-tetralone anion in methanol/water mixtures. Although approximately twice as much negative charge is localized on the oxygen than on the enolate carbon in the anion, slightly more charge is on the enolate carbon in the transition state.
AutoBlackTest: Automatic Black-Box Testing of Interactive Applications (2012)

Automatic test case generation is a key ingredient of an efficient and cost-effective software verification process. In this paper we focus on testing applications that interact with the users through a GUI, and present AutoBlackTest, a technique to automatically generate test cases at the system level. AutoBlackTest uses reinforcement learning, in particular Q-Learning, to learn how to interact with the application under test and stimulate its functionalities. The empirical results show that AutoBlackTest can execute a relevant portion of the code of the application under test, and can reveal previously unknown problems by working at the system level and interacting only through the GUI.
A Comparison of the Platinum Analogues in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines (2007)

These data suggest that oxaliplatin is a potent agent in bladder cancer cell lines and is superior to carboplatin in this in vitro setting. It justifies the clinical studies using oxaliplatin that are underway.
Proteins and dipicolinic acid released during heat shock activation of Bacillus subtilis spores probed by optical spectroscopy (2006)

UV fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy from Bacillus subtilis spores detected proteins and dipicolinic acid (DPA) released into the supernatant after heat treatments ranging from 20 degrees to 90 degrees C. The protein and DPA concentration in the supernatant was greater with higher heat treatment temperatures, undergoing a substantial increase for T > or = 60 degrees C, and supporting the theory that spores undergo a phase transition from a glassylike to a rubberylike state at 56 degrees C. Gel electrophoresis detected several small proteins with molecular weights between 6 and 11 kDa. These proteins may be small acid-soluble spore proteins that are present in spores but break down during germination. A 30 kDa protein extracted above 60 degrees C is related to the rubber-glass phase transition.
Heat Treatment of Ni-Ti Alloy for Improvement of Shape Memory Effect (1997)

Abstract Nickel-Titanium alloys with stoichiometric single phase and non-stoichiometric dual phase structures of NiTi and NiTi+Ni3Ti are produced through high speed induction melting and combustion synthesis of pure Ti/Ni elements. Both alloys are homogenized at 1273 K for two hours, rolled into thin strips of 0.3 mm thickness, solution treated at 1273 K for two hours under vacuum and finally quenched in water. Effect of ageing on austenite/martensite and intermediate phase transformation temperatures are investigated. Results show that transformation temperatures and reversible shape memory properties comparable with those required for bioengineering applications such as manufacturing of artificial hand prostheses can be obtained through careful control of the chemical composition and the heating processes.
Measurement Model for Linking Individual Learning to Processes and Knowledge: Application to Mathematical Reasoning (1995)

Contemporary instructional theories increasingly emphasize the importance of linking an individual's learning to changes in cognitive processes and knowledge structures. In this article, an extension of the multidimensional Rasch model for learning and change (MRMLC) is presented so as to permit theories of processes and knowledge structures to be incorporated into the item response model. Like the MRMLC, this extension (MRMLC+) resolves some basic problems in measuring individual change and permits adaptive testing so that precise estimates of learning may be obtained. Additionally, MRMLC+ permits individual learning to be linked to substantive changes in processing and knowledge. An application to a study on the impact of short‐term instruction on mathematical problem solving shows the potential of MRMLC + for interpretations. In this study, a theoretically plausible model of knowledge structures (Mayer, Larkin, & Kadane, 1984) provides the basis of individual learning interpretations.
High-Sensitivity Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Employing Frequency-Division Multiplexing (2011)

This paper proposes a novel parallel detection scheme for enhancing the sensitivity of coherent optical time domain reflectometry (C-OTDR). The proposed scheme is based on frequency-division multiplexing using a phase modulator and software processing. The performance advantages of the proposed method are clarified experimentally by comparison with a conventional C-OTDR. The detection sensitivity performance with the proposed method, operating at 40 frequency-division multiplexing, was improved by about 8 dB compared with the conventional method. We also clarified that the 3 dB resolution and Rayleigh dead zone of conventional C-OTDR and the proposed method were almost the same at a spatial resolution of 1 km.
The serine antiprotease aprotinin (Trasyloltm) (1990)

Aprotinin is a polypeptide from bovine lung which has been known since 1930, and which has previously been administered to humans as a relatively non-specific protease inhibitor in a number of disease states. In 1987, a remarkable use for this drug was realized, when by chance, it was discovered that by infusing large doses of aprotinin during cardiac surgery, it was possible to greatly reduce the bleeding which had hitherto been regarded as normal in such operations. The aim of this article is to briefly review the biochemistry and pharmacology of aprotinin, and to describe the background to its use in preventing postoperative bleeding. The use of aprotinin in reducing bleeding after cardiac surgery is then described in detail, and outlined for other types of major surgery. The possible modes of action of aprotinin in reducing bleeding are discussed, with particular reference to the bleeding which follows cardiac surgery. The profound effect of aprotinin, given in a novel dosage to reverse the postoperative haemostatic defect suggests that this drug may abolish the need for blood transfusions in most patients after major surgery. In addition, it is clear that aprotinin will provide a potent tool to probe some of the remaining mysteries of the haemostatic process.