gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-pulse time-resolved comparative study on the performance of a master-oscillator, power-amplifier copper-vapor-laser system with generalized diffraction-filtered and unstable resonators as master oscillators (2003)

We present results of comparative time-resolved coherence studies on a single pulse from amaster oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) copper vapor laser with generalized diffraction-filtered and unstable resonators as master oscillators. It is shown that, unlike the conventionally used unstable-resonator MOPA reported in literature, the coherence of a generalized diffraction-filtered resonator MOPA pulse is fairly independent of the delay between the oscillator and the amplifier. It also remains constant throughout the pulse, with the result that the flux is constant over a large range of the delay.
Sawmill: a high-bandwidth logging file system (1994)

This paper describes the implementation of Sawmill, a network file system using the RAID-II storage system. Sawmill takes advantage of the direct data path in RAID-II between the disks and the network, which bypasses the file server CPU. The key ideas in the implementation of Sawmill are combining logging (LFS) with RAID to obtain fast small writes, using new log layout techniques to improve bandwidth, and pipelining through the controller memory to reduce latency. The file system can currently read data at 21 MB/s and write data at 15 MB/s, close to the raw disk array bandwidth, while running on a relatively slow Sun-4. Performance measurements show that LFS improved performance of a stream of small writes by over a order of magnitude compared to writing directly to the RAID, and this improvement would be even larger with a faster CPU. Sawmill demonstrates that by using a storage system with a direct data path, a file system can provide data at bandwidths much higher than the file server itself could handle. However, processor speed is still an important factor, especially when handling many small requests in parallel.
Biofeedback of Accommodation to Reduce Functional Myopia (1978)

A 30-yr-old man received biofeedback training of his accommodation to reduce his functional myopia. There were seven training sessions for a total time of 34 min. Each training session consisted of a baseline-level recording period followed by a feedback period, a second baseline-level recording period, and then a second feedback period. Reduction of the functional myopia was learned within a few minutes. Since the training was conducted in a dark environment, myopia reduction was not expected in an illuminated environment. Nonetheless, some generalization was demonstrated with a reduction in the subjective measures of myopia (about 1 D for the right eye, 0.50 D for the left eye) and improvement in unaided visual acuity (from about 20/50 to 20/30 for each eye).
In Situ Precipitation of Te Nanoparticles in p-Type BiSbTe and the Effect on Thermoelectric Performance (2013)

Through zone melting method, a certain amount of Te nano precipitations were in situ generated in the p-type BiSbTe matrix because of the addition of graphene. Both the microstructure and thermoelectric performance were investigated. Increased carrier concentration was obtained to improve the electrical performance, and the lattice thermal conductivity was simultaneously lowered about 25% by Te nano precipitations as phonon scattering centers. Consequently, an optimization of the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT between 375 and 550 K was achieved.
A second-order leaky bucket algorithm to guarantee QoS in ATM networks (2002)

We propose a second-order leaky bucket algorithm to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) in ATM networks. The second-order leaky bucket, consisting of two leaky buckets, polices the sustainable cell rate (SCR) and burst tolerance (BT) for each variable bit rate (VBR) ATM connection. With this algorithm, ATM cells enter a first leaky bucket. Cells conforming to the first leaky bucket are allowed to enter the ATM network with the cell loss priority (CLP) field of the ATM cell header set to 0. Any cell non-conforming to the first leaky bucket is sent to a second leaky bucket, and is CLP=1 tagged if found to be non-conforming to the second leaky bucket. Cells conforming to the second leaky bucket enter the ATM network with CLP=0. Hence, unlike a traditionally configured "dual" leaky bucket policer, a cell is tagged CLP=1 only if found to be non-conforming by both the first and second leaky buckets. A second-order leaky bucket enables one to monitor whether the change in rate or burst for an ATM connection is due to a statistical variation or due to violation of the traffic contract. We investigate the effectiveness of the second-order leaky bucket in protecting the QoS experienced by connections passing through a common internodal link queue. We show that the algorithm eliminates unacceptable delay and loss at an internodal link queue caused by non-conforming users generating excess traffic. Moreover, the second-order leaky bucket configured with a tag/loss probability of 10/sup -6/ achieves a better delay performance at an internodal link queue than that of a single leaky bucket configured at 10/sup -2/.
Directional Enhancement of Spontaneous Emission in Polymer Flexible Microcavities (2011)

We report on the control of spontaneous emission in flexible polymer 1D photonic crystal cavities fabricated by spin coating having a layer of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl-co-1,4-benzo-(2,1′-3)-thiadiazole) (F8BT) as an active material. The optical properties of these full-polymer photonic crystals are systematically investigated by means of polarized angular-resolved transmittance and photoluminescence spectral measurements. We demonstrate strong directional emission enhancement when the emitter is located in the defect layer and resonantly coupled to the microcavity mode. The experimental results can be successfully reproduced with different theoretical optical models.
Pulse inversion Doppler: a new method for detecting nonlinear echoes from microbubble contrast agents (2002)

A novel technique for the selective detection of ultrasound contrast agents, called pulse inversion Doppler, has been developed. In this technique, a conventional Doppler pulse sequence is modified by inverting every second transmit pulse. Either conventional or harmonic Doppler processing is then performed on the received echoes. In the resulting Doppler spectra, Doppler shifts from linear and nonlinear scattering are separated into two distinct regions which can be analyzed separately or combined to estimate the ratio of nonlinear to linear scattering from a region of tissue. The maximum Doppler shift which can be detected is 1/2 the normal Nyquist limit. In vitro measurements comparing flowing agent and cellulose particles suggest that pulse inversion Doppler can provide 3 to 10 dB more agent to tissue contrast than harmonic imaging with similar pulses. Similar measurements suggest that broadband pulse inversion Doppler can provide up to 16 dB more contrast than broadband conventional Doppler.
Phase-unwrapping algorithm for the measurement of three-dimensional object shapes (1994)

A new phase-unwrapping algorithm is described that uses two phase images with different precision in the unwrapping; this technique can produce an approximately correct unwrapping in the presence of discontinuities. We introduce it into the measurement of a three-dimensional object shape and also present the experimental results.
Effects of vanadate, insulin and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) on creatine kinase levels in tissues of diabetic rat. (1999)

The in vivo effects of insulin, and other insulino mimetic agents like vanadate and fenugreek (T. foenum graecum) were followed on the changes in the activities of creatine kinase in heart, skeletal muscle and liver of experimental diabetic rats. As compared to control rats, creatine kinase activities were found to decrease significantly in the tissues during experimental diabetes. All the antidiabetic compounds used namely, insulin, vanadate and Fenugreek seed powder normalised the decreased activities to almost control values. The effects of insulin and vanadate were comparable in restoring normoglycemia and the creatine kinase activities.
Introduction to the innovative interface bonding technology (2017)

A short history and the future perspective of the surface activated bonding (SAB) as an innovative bonding technology will be summarized with a future outlook.
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyimide/SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite materials containing phenylphosphine oxide via sol‐gel technique (2009)

Abstract In this article, a series of novel polyimide/silica (PI/SiO 2 ) nanocomposite coating materials were prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), γ‐glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOTMS), and polyamic acid (PAA) via sol‐gel technique. PAA was prepared by the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and bis (3‐aminophenyl) phenyphosphine oxide (BAPPO) in N ‐methyl‐2‐ pyrrolidone (NMP). BAPPO was synthesized hydrogenation of bis (3‐nitrophenyl) phenyphosphine oxide (BNPPO) in the presence of Pd/C. The silica content in the hybrid coating materials was varied from 0 to 20 wt %. The molecular structures of the composite materials were analyzed by means of FT‐IR and 29 Si‐NMR spectroscopy techniques. The physical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated by various techniques such as, hardness, contact angle, and optical transmission and tensile tests. These measurements revealed that all the properties of the nanocomposite coatings were improved noticeable, by the addition of sol‐gel precursor into the coating formulation. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the incorporation of sol‐gel precursor into the polyimide matrix leads to an enhancement in the thermal stability and also flame resistance properties of the coating material. The surface morphology of the hybrid coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM studies indicated that nanometer‐scaled inorganic particles were homogenously dispersed throughout the polyimide matrix © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrical Properties of Nb-Doped SrTiO3 Ceramics with Excess TiO2 for Anodes and Interconnects of SOFCs (2007)

The electrical properties of Nb-doped SrTiO3 ceramics with and without excess TiO2 were investigated for anodes and interconnects of SOFCs by a DC four-probe conductivity measurement. The microstructures and the grain boundary properties were revealed by SEM, EDX, SEM-EBSP-OIM and HRTEM. It was found that addition of excess TiO2 reduces the influence of the grain boundary on the conductivity of Nb-doepd SrTiO3 ceramics and the conductivity turned to be metallic in SOFCs operating temperatures. The second phases such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 were found in the composition of excess TiO2. No grain boundary segregation was found, and randomly distributed grain boundaries were found predominant in the Nb-doped SrTiO3 ceramics with and without excess TiO2. The defects at the grain boundary were discussed.
Studies on air-borne virus infections: II. the killing of virus aerosols by ultra-violet radiation (1943)

The experiments show that rapid and effective sterilization of atmospheres containing atomized particles of influenza and vaccinia viruses, and probably also of herpes simplex virus, can be obtained by ultra-violet radiation of wave-length 2537 A. At least 99 % and probably more of an aerosol of influenza virus was killed by exposure for 6 sec. at. a distance of 2 cm. from either a Hanovia lamp or a G.E.C. ‘Sterilamp’. These findings confirm the work of Wells and his associates who first demonstrated the susceptibility of this virus to ultra-violet radiation (Wells & Brown, 1936; Wells & Henle, 1941). At the same distance the ‘Sterilamp’ produced more than a 99 % kill of vaccinia virus with an exposure of 1 sec. and about a 90 % kill in 0·5 sec. The experiments with herpes were less satisfactory but suggested a similar sensitivity. These results support the view that ‘germicidal’ lamps are likely to be useful in reducing the infectivity of air contaminated with particles from persons suffering from virus infections of the respiratory tract. We wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to the late Sir Patrick Laidlaw who, although his name does not appear as author, largely inspired the investigation and took an active part in it until his death.
Disentangling by Partitioning: A Representation Learning Framework for Multimodal Sensory Data (2018)

Multimodal sensory data resembles the form of information perceived by humans for learning, and are easy to obtain in large quantities. Compared to unimodal data, synchronization of concepts between modalities in such data provides supervision for disentangling the underlying explanatory factors of each modality. Previous work leveraging multimodal data has mainly focused on retaining only the modality-invariant factors while discarding the rest. In this paper, we present a partitioned variational autoencoder (PVAE) and several training objectives to learn disentangled representations, which encode not only the shared factors, but also modality-dependent ones, into separate latent variables. Specifically, PVAE integrates a variational inference framework and a multimodal generative model that partitions the explanatory factors and conditions only on the relevant subset of them for generation. We evaluate our model on two parallel speech/image datasets, and demonstrate its ability to learn disentangled representations by qualitatively exploring within-modality and cross-modality conditional generation with semantics and styles specified by examples. For quantitative analysis, we evaluate the classification accuracy of automatically discovered semantic units. Our PVAE can achieve over 99% accuracy on both modalities.
Digital Video (2002)

Abstract Analog television was developed and standardized in the forties, mainly for over‐the‐air broadcast of entertainment, news, and sports. While a few upward compatible changes have been made in the intervening years, such as color, multi‐channel sound, closed captioning, and ghost cancellation, the underlying analog system has survived a continuous technological evolution that has pervaded all other media. Television has stimulated the development of a global consumer electronics industry that has brought high‐density magnetic recording, high‐resolution displays, and low‐cost imaging technologies from the laboratory into the living room. A vast array of video production processing technologies make high‐quality programming an everyday reality, real‐time on‐site video the norm rather than the exception, and video the historical medium of record throughout the world. Emergence of personal computers and high speed networks has given rise to desktop video to improve productivity for businesses. In spite of this impressive record and a large invested base, we are on the threshold of a major disruption in the television industry. After fifty years of continuous refinement, the underlying technology of television is going to be entirely redone. Digital video is already proliferating in a variety of applications such as video‐conferencing, multimedia computing, and program production; the impediments that have held it back are rapidly disappearing. The key enabling technologies are ( 1 ) mature and standardized algorithms for high‐quality compression; ( 2 ) inexpensive and powerful integrated circuits for processing, storing, and reconstructing video signals; ( 3 ) inexpensive, high‐capacity networks for transporting video; ( 4 ) uniform methods for storing, addressing, and accessing multimedia content; and ( 5 ) evolution of computer architecture to support video I/O. The market drivers include: ( 1 ) direct consumer access for content providers, ( 2 ) convergence of video with other information sources such as print; ( 3 ) the emergence of a fast growing consumer market for personal computing, ( 4 ) the evolution of the Internet and other networks in the commercial domain, and ( 5 ) the removal of various regulatory barriers. This article deals with the technology of digital television. This articles starts with the way the television signal is sampled (scanning) and digitized. A discussion of techniques of compression to reduce the bit rate to a manageable level is given. The emerging standards for compression is described.
The development of novel myosin inhibitors (2011)

This thesis describes a structure activity relationship (SAR) study on the recently discovered small molecule tool blebbistatin (S)-21 with particular emphasis on the development of novel synthetic protocols suitable for the rapid synthesis of libraries of blebbistatin analogues. These analogues are potentially of use as novel myosin inhibitors Chapter 1 introduces the concept of chemical biology with particular emphasis on chemical genetics. This approach has rekindled the search for new chemical tools for the investigation of biological systems. The success of blebbistatin (S)-21, which was identified in a chemical genetic study, as a research tool was also discussed. The link between several myosin classes and genetic diseases such as coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, deafness, dermatitis, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Griscelli disease and ulcerative colitis indicate that potent inhibitors which show selectivity towards specific myosin isoforms may be of great value as tools for the study of these conditions. The plan for the SAR study around (S)-21 was outlined. Chapter 2 describes the studies undertaken to develop an efficient synthetic route to N1-alkyl analogues of (S)-21 suitable for the parallel synthesis of chemical collections. These studies culminated in the synthesis of an intermediate (S)-66 from which novel N1-alkyl analogues were synthesised. The biological evaluation of these N1-alkyl analogues was discussed. Chapter 3 describes the development of a protocol suitable for the parallel synthesis of collections of N1-aryl analogues of (S)-21 via the intermediate 66. The application of this protocol to the synthesis of a collection of racemic N1-aryl and heteroaryl analogues of (S)-21 and their biological evaluation was presented. Chapter 4 describes the successful rational design and synthesis of a novel fused thiophene ring containing inhibitor of myosin II. The structure of this compound was proposed by modelling of the existing co-crystal structure of (S)-21 bound to the metastable state of Dictyostelium discoideum myosin II (S1dC) and sought to optimise the π-π stacking interaction displayed by (S)-21 with the tyrosine 261 residue within its binding site. The biological evaluation of this novel analogue was discussed. In Chapter 5 the studies conducted to investigate the contribution of ring-C to the binding affinity of (S)-21 were described. The development of alternate routes to (S)-21, in an attempt to avoid difficulties experienced during the synthesis of some analogues of (S)-21, are described. The synthesis and biological investigation of the fluorescent dye PPBA whose binding site has been suggested to overlap with that of (S)-21 was also reported.
Identification of man-made regions in unmanned aerial vehicle imagery and videos (1998)

Details work in our group on the use of low-level features for the identification of man-made regions in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. The feature sets that we have examined include classical statistical features such as the coefficient of variation in a window about a pixel, locally computed fractal dimension, and fractal dimension computed in the presence of wavelet boundaries. We discuss these techniques of feature extraction along with our approach to the classification of the features. Our classification work has focused on the use of a semiparametric probability density estimation technique. In addition, we present classification results for region of interest identification based on a set of test images from an UAV test flight.
Knock‐down of hepatitis B virus X protein reduces the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2005)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. Among the four proteins that are encoded by the HBV genome, HBV X (HBx) is the most potentially oncogenic factor. It is known that HBx plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, but the exact functions and molecular mechanisms of HBx in HCC are not well understood. In this study, we constructed expression vectors for small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) against HBx and investigated their regulatory effects in PLC/PRF/5 HCC cells, which constitutively produce HBx. Our data show that this tool of RNA interference (RNAi) could successfully reduce the HBx mRNA and protein levels by 50-95%. RNAi targeting HBx in PLC/PRF/5 cells demonstrated significant reduction in cell proliferation, cell growth, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and tumour development in nude mice. In addition, depletion of HBx expression increased cell sensitivity to TNFalpha-mediated and serum-free-induced apoptosis, and reduced the expression levels of C-myc and Bcl-X(L). These findings suggest that HBx plays an important role in tumorigenicity and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in HCC.
Improving rAAV production and purification: towards the definition of a scaleable process (2004)

Numerous in vivo studies have demonstrated that recombinant AAV-2 vectors (rAAV-2) can efficiently transduce many tissues and lead to stable gene expression 12. These encouraging results have led to a rapid development of clinical trials involving the use of rAAV-2 vectors 3. However, the obtainment of large-scale rAAV-2 vector stocks for clinical assay is still hampered by the conventional production and purification methods that are not efficient and difficult to scale up. This review will describe the current methods available for rAAV-2 vector production and purification and show the advancements achieved, in particular in our group, to develop new scalable procedures, suiting GMP requirements.
The Effects of Single-Dose Dexamethasone on Wound Healing in Rats (2003)

We evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on wound healing in a prospective, randomized, experimental animal model. Our results show that dexamethasone at 1 mg/kg may have negative effects on wound healing.
A New Way for Multidimensional Medical Data Management: Volume of Interest (VOI)-Based Retrieval of Medical Images With Visual and Functional Features (2006)

The advances in digital medical imaging and storage in integrated databases are resulting in growing demands for efficient image retrieval and management. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) refers to the retrieval of images from a database, using the visual features derived from the information in the image, and has become an attractive approach to managing large medical image archives. In conventional CBIR systems for medical images, images are often segmented into regions which are used to derive two-dimensional visual features for region-based queries. Although such approach has the advantage of including only relevant regions in the formulation of a query, medical images that are inherently multidimensional can potentially benefit from the multidimensional feature extraction which could open up new opportunities in visual feature extraction and retrieval. In this study, we present a volume of interest (VOI) based content-based retrieval of four-dimensional (three spatial and one temporal) dynamic PET images. By segmenting the images into VOIs consisting of functionally similar voxels (e.g., a tumor structure), multidimensional visual and functional features were extracted and used as region-based query features. A prototype VOI-based functional image retrieval system (VOI-FIRS) has been designed to demonstrate the proposed multidimensional feature extraction and retrieval. Experimental results show that the proposed system allows for the retrieval of related images that constitute similar visual and functional VOI features, and can find potential applications in medical data management, such as to aid in education, diagnosis, and statistical analysis.