gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon-polymer-ionic liquid composite as a motion sensor (2012)

High surface area carbon, ionic liquid and polymer are incorporated in an electromechanically active composite. This laminate bends when voltage (typically less than 3 V) is applied between the electrodes, and generates voltage and current when bent with an external force. By suitable optimization, the material can be used either as an actuator, energy storage element (supercapacitor) or sensor. Strain caused by bending promotes dislocation of ions in the micropores of carbon. As a result, the charge separation occurs because ions of ionic liquid are likely trapped in the micropores of diameters close to the ion sizes.
Data center networking with multipath TCP (2010)

Recently new data center topologies have been proposed that offer higher aggregate bandwidth and location independence by creating multiple paths in the core of the network. To effectively use this bandwidth requires ensuring different flows take different paths, which poses a challenge.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With Allograft Augmentation: Making It Simple (2019)

Rotator cuff tears are increasing in frequency in the aging population and are a common issue seen by orthopaedic surgeons. In patients with large, multi-tendon rotator cuff tears or retears, treatment can be challenging. Failure rates of up to 90% have been reported for rotator cuff repair (RCR) of large, multi-tendon tears. Biological augmentation has been an area of interest because of the distinctly different biology of the repaired tendon compared with the native tendon. These biological differences affect the ultimate tensile properties of the repair and may contribute to gap formation and the high failure rate of repairs. RCR with allograft augmentation is a technique that shows potential benefit to healing and preventing retears. Arthroscopic augmentation of RCRs can be challenging. The technique described in this Technical Note illustrates a simple and easily reproducible method for augmenting RCRs with human acellular dermal allograft.
Skin Basement Membrane Zone: A Depository for Circulating Microbial Antigen Evoking Psoriasis and Autoimmunity (2006)

The findings support a direct effect of microbial antigen in psoriasis. They also suggest an important role for SBMZ as a very large adhesive surface in the first step of a process of percutaneous epidermal elimination of foreign antigens and microbial toxins. The many autoimmune phenomena seen so often at the SBMZ are probably a physiologic part of this important immune function. Efforts to enhance the adhesive properties of SBMZ should be exploitable for both diagnostic and therapeutic benefit.
Dispersion of <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation in Crude Oils (2014)

Crude oils, which are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, can be characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion and relaxation methods to yield physical properties and chemical compositions. In particular, the field dependence, or dispersion, of T1 relaxation can be used to investigate the presence and dynamics of asphaltenes, the large molecules primarily responsible for the high viscosity in heavy crudes. However, the T2 relaxation dispersion of crude oils, which provides additional insight when measured alongside T1, has yet to be investigated systematically. Here we present the field dependence of T1-T2 correlations of several crude oils with disparate densities. While asphaltene and resin-containing crude oils exhibit significant T1 dispersion, minimal T2 dispersion is seen in all oils. This contrasting behavior between T1 and T2 cannot result from random molecular motions, and thus, we attribute our dispersion results to highly correlated molecular dynamics in asphaltene-containing crude oils.
Palladium Monophosphine Intermediates in Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions:  A DFT Study (2005)

The mechanism of the cross-coupling of phenylboronic acid with acetic anhydride, a viable model of the widely used Suzuki reaction, has been studied by DFT calculations at the BP86/6-31G* level of theory. Multiple interconnected reaction pathways are considered that start from the neutral Pd(PMe3)2 molecule, the two-coordinate anionic [Pd(PMe3)OAc]- complex, and the three-coordinate anionic [Pd(PMe3)2OAc]- complex. The calculated catalytic cycles seem mechanistically and energetically plausible. According to the calculations, oxidative addition of acetic anhydride to either of the two anionic species leads to the formation of anionic palladium(II) monophosphine complexes with two acetate ligands located either cis or trans to each other. As a consequence, there are two competing anionic pathways for the transmetalation reaction with phenylboronic acid which involve only monosphosphine complexes. Both pathways are energetically feasible, with a slight preference for the cis variant. Reductive elimination of the product acetone in the presence of a second phosphine molecule leads to the regeneration of the anionic bisphosphine complex [Pd(PMe3)2OAc]- while the monophosphine complex [Pd(PMe3)OAc]- is formed in the absence of excess phosphine. Our calculations suggest that in Suzuki-type coupling reactions several catalytic pathways involving neutral and anionic palladium species may generally contribute to the catalytic turnover. In the present model system, the anionic pathways are most favorable.
Bronchial Asthma in Servicemen – A Personal View (1988)

This paper is a review of 59 serving male officers and soldiers with bronchial asthma who attended the Chest Clinic at the Cambridge Military Hospital during a defined period of time and who had been under the care of the author for periods of up to six years. The patterns of presentation, management, progress and outcome are described. Exercise induced asthma is seen as the biggest problem for servicemen often with otherwise mild asthma, and there is evidence that potential recruits are still not being adequately assessed. In younger men, exercise associated disability is an early symptom, but older individuals tend to divide into one group with early exercise related problems and another who remain able to exercise at least for a time. Response to prophylactic therapy is good, but it is often difficult to eliminate exercise induced wheeze in military training and relapse is common when prophylaxis is withdrawn. The effect of this on medical category is described and some of the implications are discussed.
Experimental Studies on the Relative Efficacy of Dermatan Sulphate and Heparin as Antithrombotic Agents (1987)

In this study, the anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and dermatan sulphate (DS) were compared. The ability of UFH and DS to impair thrombin generation in vitro and in ex vivo plasma samples was also studied. DS has minimal anticoagulant activity by conventional assays but impairs thrombin generation both in vitro and in ex vivo plasma samples. However, thrombin generation could not be suppressed below about 35% of control values at all doses of DS studied. While this was sufficient to impair experimental venous thrombosis during 10 minutes' stasis, DS was ineffective in preventing thrombosis following 20 minutes' stasis in doses up to 1.25 mg/kg. In contrast, 1 microgram/ml of UFH completely suppressed thrombin generation in vitro, and 150 micrograms/kg prevented thrombogenesis over a period of 20 minutes' stasis. Neither drug prolonged the bleeding time (BT) at effective antithrombotic doses, but 2.5 mg/kg UFH significantly increased the BT, whereas DS did not. While DS has antithrombotic activity, it is less effective than UFH in inhibiting thrombin generation, and as an antithrombotic agent.
Measurement in neurological rehabilitation. (1992)

The measurement of impairment and disability can improve patient care and is now essential in clinical audit. Practical, useful measures are slowly being developed, both for use in specific diseases and for more general use. This review discusses both new measures and new work on more well-established measures.
Towards a virtual environment for capturing behavior in cultural crowds (2011)

Cultural behavior is an area of research that can allow us to further cross-cultural understanding, and is now starting to integrate itself within the field of information technology. One domain that expresses these behaviors is inside a crowd, however the analysis of micro-level crowd behavior is impractical in a real-world setting as passive observation has limitations on understanding true behavior. By using a virtual environment to simulate a crowd situation, measuring an individual's in-crowd behavior becomes feasible. This paper introduces the development of a virtual environment which enables the creation of different types of cultural crowds with which the user may interact. The parameterization of the crowds is based on the famous cultural dimensions put forward by Hofstede. One of the cultural dimensions, individualism/collectivism, was mapped to agent characteristics during a series of simulations and it was found that two distinct types of crowd could be generated. For the dimensions have not yet been examined, the proposed environment provides an ideal opportunity to address this gap in the research as well as becoming a tool with which other types of experimentation can be performed.
Synthesis of 6‐Substituted 7‐Aryl‐5,6‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine(1H,3H)‐2,4‐diones Using the Vilsmeier Reaction. (2005)

ChemInformVolume 36, Issue 14 Heterocyclic Compounds Synthesis of 6-Substituted 7-Aryl-5,6-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine(1H,3H)-2,4-diones Using the Vilsmeier Reaction. Ulrich Girreser, Ulrich Girreser Pharm. Inst., Christian-Albrechts-Univ., D-24118 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDieter Heber, Dieter Heber Pharm. Inst., Christian-Albrechts-Univ., D-24118 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMartin Schuett, Martin Schuett Pharm. Inst., Christian-Albrechts-Univ., D-24118 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Ulrich Girreser, Ulrich Girreser Pharm. Inst., Christian-Albrechts-Univ., D-24118 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDieter Heber, Dieter Heber Pharm. Inst., Christian-Albrechts-Univ., D-24118 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMartin Schuett, Martin Schuett Pharm. Inst., Christian-Albrechts-Univ., D-24118 Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 March 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200514164Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume36, Issue14April 5, 2005 RelatedInformation
FT-Raman Spectroscopy at 1.339 Micrometers (1994)

The usual laser employed for Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is a Nd:YAG unit lasing at 1.064 μm. In this work, use of the 1.339-μm lasing emission from Nd:YAG has been demonstrated. The sensitivity of this instrument is comparable to that of conventional FT-Raman instruments, and excellent anti-Stokes spectra can be easily obtained. Operation further into the near-infrared offers additional possibilities for fluorescence minimization. Results are shown for copper phthalocyanine.
Research on soil moisture prediction model based on deep learning (2019)

Soil moisture is one of the main factors in agricultural production and hydrological cycles, and its precise prediction is important for the rational use and management of water resources. However, soil moisture involves complex structural characteristics and meteorological factors, and it is difficult to establish an ideal mathematical model for soil moisture prediction. Existing prediction models have problems such as prediction accuracy, generalization, and multi-feature processing capability, and prediction performance must improve. Based on this, taking the Beijing area as the research object, the deep learning regression network (DNNR) with big data fitting capability was proposed to construct a soil moisture prediction model. By integrating the dataset, analyzing the time series of the predictive variables, and clarifying the relationship between features and predictive variables through the Taylor diagram, selected meteorological parameters can provide effective weights for moisture prediction. Test results prove that the deep learning model is feasible and effective for soil moisture prediction. Its' good data fitting and generalization capability can enrich the input characteristics while ensuring high accuracy in predicting the trends and values of soil moisture data and provides an effective theoretical basis for water-saving irrigation and drought control.
Optimization of Autonomous Magnetic Field Sensor Consisting of Giant Magnetoimpedance Sensor and Surface Acoustic Wave Transducer (2012)

This paper presents a novel autonomous thin film magnetic field sensor consisting of a tri-layer giant magnetoimpedance sensor and a surface acoustic wave transponder. Double and single electrode interdigital transducer (IDT) designs are employed and compared. The integrated sensor is fabricated using standard microfabrication technology. The results show the double electrode IDT has an advantage in terms of the sensitivity. In order to optimize the matching component, a simulation based on P-matrix is carried out. A maximum change of 2.4 dB of the reflection amplitude and a sensitivity of 0.34 dB/Oe are obtained experimentally.
Usefulness and Limitation of DiBAC4(3), a Voltage-Sensitive Fluorescent Dye, for the Measurement of Membrane Potentials Regulated by Recombinant Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in HEK293 Cells (2001)

The usefulness of bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)-trimethine oxonol (DiBAC4(3)), a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye, for the measurement of membrane potentials (MPs) was evaluated in HEK293 cells, where alpha or alpha plus beta1 subunits of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels were expressed (HEKBK alpha and HEKBK alphabeta). The fluorescent intensity of DiBAC4(3) was measured at various potentials under voltage-clamp for calibration to estimate the absolute MP semi-quantitatively. The resting MPs measured with DiBAC4(3) were roughly comparable to those recorded with a microelectrode; the MP in HEKBK alphabeta was 10-20 mV more negative than that in native HEK. In HEKBK alpha, the membrane hyperpolarization induced by 10 microM Evans blue, a BK channel opener, was detected with DiBAC4(3). NS-1619, another BK channel opener, induced gradual but substantial change in F/F(K) even in native HEK, while the BK channel opening effect was detected. Oscillatory membrane hyperpolarization was induced in HEKBK alphabeta by application of 10 microM acetylcholine via increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The oscillatory hyperpolarization was, however, detected only as a slow hyperpolarization with DiBAC4(3). It can be concluded that relatively slow effects of BK channel modulators can be semi-quantitatively measured by use of DiBAC4(3) in HEKBK, while the limited temporal resolution and possible artifacts should be taken into account.
Free-energy distribution of binary protein–protein binding suggests cross-species interactome differences (2006)

Major advances in large-scale yeast two-hybrid screening have provided a global view of binary protein-protein interactions across species as dissimilar as human, yeast, and bacteria. Remarkably, these analyses have revealed that all species studied have a degree distribution of protein-protein binding that is approximately scale-free (varies as a power law) even though their evolutionary divergence times differ by billions of years. The universal power law shows only the surface of the rich information harbored by these high-throughput data. We develop a detailed mathematical model of the protein-protein interaction network based on association free energy, the biochemical quantity that determines protein-protein interaction strength. This model reproduces the degree distribution of all of the large-scale yeast two-hybrid data sets available and allows us to extract the distribution of free energy, the likelihood that a pair of proteins of a given species will bind. We find that across-species interactomes have significant differences that reflect the strengths of the protein-protein interaction. Our results identify a global evolutionary shift: more evolved organisms have weaker binary protein-protein binding. This result is consistent with the evolution of increased protein unfoldedness and challenges the dogma that only specific protein-protein interactions can be biologically functional.
Calcium-dependent interaction between the epidermal growth factor precursor-like region of human protein C and a monoclonal antibody. (1987)

Protein C, like the other vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins that participate in blood coagulation, except prothrombin, has at least one high affinity calcium-binding site that is independent of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. Calcium binding to this site is required for activation of protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. In an attempt to localize this calcium-binding site, we subjected protein C to limited tryptic digestion. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a calcium-dependent epitope both in intact protein C, in gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-domainless protein C, and in activated protein C, was used to isolate a fragment from the tryptic digest. The fragment was derived from the light chain of protein C and consisted of the two domains that are homologous to the epidermal growth factor precursor. Half-maximal binding of the intact protein and of the isolated fragment by the antibody occurred at 100-200 microM Ca2+. The results suggest the presence of a Ca2+-binding site in the epidermal growth factor homology region of protein C.
Nuclear Factor-κB in Development, Prevention, and Therapy of Cancer (2007)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a signal transcription factor that has emerged as an important modulator of altered gene programs and malignant phenotype in development of cancer. Major carcinogens and oncogenic viruses induce NF-kappaB activation, and a variety of subsequent oncogenic events contribute to a progressive increase in constitutive NF-kappaB activation as an important common pathway in most forms of cancer. NF-kappaB target genes promote tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Inhibition of NF-kappaB has been found to be an important mechanism of action of steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and natural and synthetic compounds that show therapeutic and preventive activity. Newer agents targeting the proteasome, inhibitor-kappaB kinase, and other upstream kinases involved in NF-kappaB activation have shown anticancer activity in clinical or preclinical studies.
The conical bore in musical acoustics (1985)

A survey of descriptive textbooks on musical acoustics shows a need for a legitimate, convincing explanation for the seemingly paradoxical behavior of the conical bore. We examine the differential equations and their solutions for spherically symmetric waves in three dimensions, settling on acoustic pressure as the variable of interest because it behaves more simply than particle velocity or displacement. Next we solve the boundary-value problem for all combinations of open and closed ends on truncated cones. The natural frequencies so obtained are then justified with plots of the pressure standing waves; it is at this point that we find a physically correct explanation that can be shared with students in a descriptive acoustics course. This pictorial approach is also used to explain the shapes of the input impedance curves for a straight pipe and a frustum. We conclude with a careful analysis of the successive distortions to which a pressure pulse is subjected as it bounces back and forth inside a frustum.
Training recurrent neural networks (2013)

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are powerful sequence models that were believed to be difficult to train, and as a result they were rarely used in machine learning applications. This thesis presents methods that overcome the difficulty of training RNNs, and applications of RNNs to challenging problems. 
We first describe a new probabilistic sequence model that combines Restricted Boltzmann Machines and RNNs. The new model is more powerful than similar models while being less difficult to train.
Next, we present a new variant of the Hessian-free (HF) optimizer and show that it can train RNNs on tasks that have extreme long-range temporal dependencies, which were previously considered to be impossibly hard. We then apply HF to character-level language modelling and get excellent results. 
We also apply HF to optimal control and obtain RNN control laws that can successfully operate under conditions of delayed feedback and unknown disturbances.
Finally, we describe a random parameter initialization scheme that allows gradient descent with momentum to train RNNs on problems with long-term dependencies. This directly contradicts widespread beliefs about the inability of first-order methods to do so, and suggests that previous attempts at training RNNs failed partly due to flaws in the random initialization.
An Optical Fibre Probe for the Determination of Glucose Based on Immobilized Glucose Dehydrogenase (1988)

Abstract An optical fibre probe based on glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on nylon was constructed. The probe was used to quantitate glucose through a measurement of the fluorescence of the NADH formed by the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of glucose in the presence of NAD. The probe response was reproducible and displayed good linearity in the concentration range of 1.1 to 11.0 mM glucose. The limit of detection was 0.6 mM glucose. The response was affected by pH and NAD concentration.
Characterization of the Composition of Paraffin Waxes on Industrial Applications (2014)

The use of industrial paraffin depends upon the properties that are strongly influenced by the composition but also affected by the oil content. Because paraffin is a byproduct of lubricant oils in the petrochemical industry, there is inherently a certain amount of oil that is difficult to remove completely. The determination of the oil content in paraffin is described by the ASTM method, which involves the oil extraction with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at a very low temperature (−32 °C). However, this method is slow and scarcely precise. In this work, we characterized the main components of industrial paraffin (de-oiled paraffin and extracted oil) by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Also, we developed two methods for the determination of the oil content in paraffin. The first method measures total isoparaffin content by GC. The second method uses near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to quantify the content of MEK-removable oil. The results obtained with the NIR-based method were quite consistent with those of the official, extraction-based method. NIR spectroscopy therefore provides an effective alternative to the ASTM method with the added advantage of substantially greater expeditiousness and reproducibility.