gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the inhibition of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease of bull seminal plasma induced by ADP-ribosylation. (1984)

The activity of purified Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease was inhibited when the enzyme was incubated in a system containing poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, NAD+, Mg2+, and DNA. All four ingredients were essential to mediate ADP-ribosylation and to demonstrate inhibition of the endonuclease. In the absence of Mg2+, ADP-ribose transferring activity of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase was stimulated by the addition of purified endonuclease to the reaction mixture in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the reaction product showed that the endonuclease was ADP-ribosylated. The average chain length of the initial oligo(ADP-ribose) attached to the enzyme was about 5.9 residues. The oligomer was found to be extensively elongated during the chase experiment using unlabeled NAD+ and Mg2+. The present finding suggests that Mg2+ is essential for the extensive elongation of the oligo(ADP-ribose). The DNA-binding affinity of the modified endonuclease was significantly lower than that of unmodified enzyme. Also, free poly(ADP-ribose) was not an effective inhibitor of the endonuclease. These findings suggest that the observed inhibition of the endonuclease induced by ADP-ribosylation is probably due to an electrostatic repulsion between the substrate (DNA) and poly(ADP-ribose) covalently linked to the endonuclease. Histone H1 and H2B stimulated endonuclease activity and were acceptors of ADP-ribose; however, their capacity to stimulate endonuclease activity remained unchanged after ADP-ribosylation.
[Studies on generation and inhibition of active oxygen in alveolar macrophage by chrysolite and aluminum citrate]. (1994)

Chrysolite-induced generation and aluminum citrate-induced inhibition of active oxygen in alveolar macrophage were studied with ESR spin-trapping technique, cytochrome C reduction and phenol red oxidation assays. Results showed, under certain conditions, Mangya and Laiyuan chrysolite fiber could stimulate macrophage to generate OH., O2-. and H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. But such an induced-generation of active oxygen would be inhibited by the treatment of chrysolite with aluminum citrate solution at room temperature for one hour.
Practical Graph Mining with R (2013)

Discover Novel and Insightful Knowledge from Data Represented as a Graph Practical Graph Mining with R presents a do-it-yourself approach to extracting interesting patterns from graph data. It covers many basic and advanced techniques for the identification of anomalous or frequently recurring patterns in a graph, the discovery of groups or clusters of nodes that share common patterns of attributes and relationships, the extraction of patterns that distinguish one category of graphs from another, and the use of those patterns to predict the category of new graphs. Hands-On Application of Graph Data Mining Each chapter in the book focuses on a graph mining task, such as link analysis, cluster analysis, and classification. Through applications using real data sets, the book demonstrates how computational techniques can help solve real-world problems. The applications covered include network intrusion detection, tumor cell diagnostics, face recognition, predictive toxicology, mining metabolic and protein-protein interaction networks, and community detection in social networks. Develops Intuition through Easy-to-Follow Examples and Rigorous Mathematical Foundations Every algorithm and example is accompanied with R code. This allows readers to see how the algorithmic techniques correspond to the process of graph data analysis and to use the graph mining techniques in practice. The text also gives a rigorous, formal explanation of the underlying mathematics of each technique. Makes Graph Mining Accessible to Various Levels of Expertise Assuming no prior knowledge of mathematics or data mining, this self-contained book is accessible to students, researchers, and practitioners of graph data mining. It is suitable as a primary textbook for graph mining or as a supplement to a standard data mining course. It can also be used as a reference for researchers in computer, information, and computational science as well as a handy guide for data analytics practitioners.
Improved Proppant Transport System for Slickwater Shale Fracturing (2010)

Abstract The primary purpose of stimulating shale reservoirs is to extend drainage radius by connecting natural fractures, thus maximizing Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV). A conventional proppant transport system relies on the viscosity of the fracture fluid to suspend and transport the proppant further into the formation. With the development of unconventional plays, shale gas reservoirs are being treated with slick water type treatments that have inherent low fluid viscosity. Slick water shale fracturing uses proppant transportation that depends on turbulent flow, sand banking and/or bed transport. These result in the majority of the proppant being deposited on the bottom of the created fracture, close to the wellbore, leaving a large portion of the created fracture length unpropped. In trying to improve proppant transportation, many have focused their efforts on either reducing proppant size or density, both of which will lower proppant settling rates according to Stoke's Law. However, using smaller proppant sizes or expensive but lower strength lightweight proppants can result in lower fracture conductivities. This paper examines a new proppant transport method that significantly reduces proppant settling and proppant banking in slick water shale fracturing treatments. This unique technology is based on modifying the surface property of proppant on-the-fly, where micro-bubbles are formed on the surface and around each proppant grain. These micro-bubbles change the buoyancy of the proppant granules. The proppant can therefore be transported in slick water, traveling further distances into the formation without settling, independent of gel viscosity. Presented experimental data in this study is supported through lab studies, which include conductivity cell, core flow and proppant pack testing. Several tests were performed to examine and illustrate the proppant transport properties of this technology under simulated field conditions. This study also includes reservoir modelling, comparing well productivity with proppant distribution from bed load transport with the new proppant transportation system.
Human lymphocytes bearing T cell receptor gamma/delta are phenotypically diverse and evenly distributed throughout the lymphoid system. (1989)

A direct quantitative and phenotypic cytofluorographic analysis of TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes as well as an immunohistologic study of their tissue distribution and microanatomy was made possible by the availability of two mAbs (anti-TCR-delta 1 and anti-C gamma M1) specific for framework determinants on human TCR gamma and delta chains, respectively. TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes, ranging between greater than 0.5 and 16% of CD3+ cells, were found in fetal and postnatal thymus, fetal and adult peripheral lymphoid organs, and adult peripheral blood. While TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes comprised a small subpopulation of T cells (mean, approximately 4%) occasionally greater than 10-16% of CD3+ cells expressed TCR-gamma/delta. Virtually all TCR-gamma/delta+ thymocytes/lymphocytes expressed CD7, CD2, and CD5 but were heterogeneous with respect to their expression of CD1, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD11b, CD16, and Leu-7. Human TCR-gamma/delta+ cells populate both organized lymphoid tissues (thymus, tonsil, lymphnode, and spleen) as well as the gut- and skin-associated lymphoid systems at similar frequencies without obvious tropism for epithelial microenvironments. TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes tend to be located within a given organ wherever TCR-alpha/beta+ lymphocytes are found. This study shows that TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes constitute a small but numerically important, phenotypically diverse T cell population distributed throughout the body. These results support the concept that TCR-gamma/delta+ cells comprise a distinct, functionally heterogeneous, mature T cell sublineage that may substantially broaden the T cell repertoire at all immunologically relevant sites.
<title>Optical Logic Array Processor</title> (1983)

A simple method for optically implementing digital logic gates in parallel has been developed. Parallel logic gates can be achieved by using a lensless shadow-casting system with a light emitting diode array as an incoherent light source. All the sixteen logic functions for two binary variables, which are the fundamental computations of Boolean algebra, can be simply realized in parallel with these gates by changing the switching modes of a LED array. Parallel computation structures of the developed optical digital array processor are demonstrated by implementing pattern logics for two binary images with high space-bandwidth product. Applications of the proposed method to parallel shift operation of the image, differentia-tion, and processing of gray-level image are shown.
THE EFFECT OF USING A FACEBOOK GROUP AS A LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (2014)

Facebook is commonly used in the daily lives of higher-education students. Facebook groups are considered educational tools that can be used as learning management system (LMS) substitutes or supplements. However, the effect of using Facebook groups on learning in the computer engineering field has not been adequately compared with that of using other types of LMS and must be explored. The results of this study indicated that the participants in a Facebook group academically outperformed those using iCas and Moodle did. Moreover, users of the Facebook group held a more positive attitude toward learning than did users of the other two types of LMS, a more positive attitude toward interaction than did Moodle users, and higher technological self-efficacy and willingness to use LMSs as well as higher learning motivation compared with users of iCas. The participants’ experience of adopting LMSs in their learning as well as constraints are described and discussed. The results are valuable for instructors seeking to adopt a Facebook group as their LMS.
Walkaway Q Inversion (1999)

Two algorithms are presented to estimate Q from marine multi- offset VSP (walkaway) data. The walkaway geometry,<br>where an array of 3C receivers remains fixed in a borehole for a line or pattern of shots, provides the opportunity to<br>make many measurements of earth attenuation through the same depth interval. As with conventional VSP, high SNR<br>direct arrivals are recorded for Q analysis but in the case of walkaways the additional attenuation due to moveout time<br>difference is exploited to measure effective Q.<br>The first algorithm follows the classical spectral ratio approach but makes use of the data redundancy provided by the<br>walkaway geometry. The second algorithm is a waveform inversion through inverse extrapolation and coherency<br>optimization. Neither algorithm requires knowledge of the source spectrum. The two techniques are compared on a<br>real data set and show good agreement.
Extending a methodology for migration of the database layer to the cloud considering relational database schema migration to NoSQL (2013)

The advances in Cloud computing and in modern Web applications have raised the need for highly available and scalable distributed databases to accommodate the big data being created and consumed. Along with the explosion in data growth comes the necessity to rapidly evolve databases and schemas to meet user demands for new functionality. A special attention is being paid to the vast amounts of semi-structured and un-structured data, and the data management tools should reflect the support for these needs. This has lead to the development of new Cloud serving systems such as "Not Only" SQL (NoSQL) databases. NoSQL databases were driven by the scalability needs of the big companies, such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Yahoo. While the demands of these key players are different from those of small and medium enterprises in terms of scalability, the core problem is the same - storage arrays are not scalable and force you into expensive, forklift upgrades. These facts combined with changes in how IT resources are delivered and consumed through the Cloud computing paradigm, projects adopting NoSQL solutions are not a hype anymore. NoSQL databases are being offered as a service by the big Cloud providers, such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, but by smaller vendors as well. In this master thesis we investigate the possibilities and limitations of mapping relational database schemas to NoSQL schemas when migrating the database layer to the Cloud. Based on literature research we provide recommendations and guidelines with regard to schema transformation and discuss the implications at other application architecture layers, such as business logic and data access layer. We extend an existing data migration tool and methodology for incorporating the migration guidelines and hints. Moreover, we validate our work based on a chosen sub-set of relational and NoSQL databases by using example data from the established TPC-H benchmark.
Fea and 3D Printing, the Perfect Match? (2016)

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and 3D printing have developed in parallel over the last three decades, much thanks to improved Computer Aided Design Systems (CAD). This article draws on two case studies to discuss challenges and opportunities when combining these two technologies. Some of the major challenges with 3D printing are anisotropy and lack of trustworthy mechanical values. However, when utilizing the strength of freeform fabrication, novel and complex topologies emerge. FEA has tremendous strength to evaluate and to give dimension to complex structures. Our first case, the open mesh tower, discusses some of the challenges and possibilities when using FEA to construct unique, complex constructions with 3D printing. A full merger of the two technologies is presented. Mapping the analysis results directly on the model itself, in full color, has proven to be an excellent tool, in education and in research. The second case study discusses the possibilities to enhance the understanding of old, but highly sophisticated, buildings and constructions through the merger of these two technologies. New technical terms are needed in emerging fields and in the intersection with others. Consequently, the paper closes with the presentation of a conceptual naming of the merger of FEA and 3D printing, namely 3D hydrogen.
On Testing for Two Outliers or One Outlier in Two-Way Tables (1978)

Previous work by Gentleman and Wilk on outliers in two-way tables is summarized, and their statistic QK is discussed. Instead of a plot of QK values, we propose a two-stage test for the presence of two outliers or one outlier. Percentage points for the test statistics are estimated by Monte Carlo generations, and approximations to the percentage points are suggested. The 8 × 12 case is examined in detail and extensions to other cases are briefly discussed.
Aspirin, Sulfinpyrazone, or Both in Unstable Angina (1985)

We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 555 patients with unstable angina who were hospitalized in coronary care units. Patients received one of four possible treatment regimens: aspirin (325 mg four times daily), sulfinpyrazone (200 mg four times daily), both, or neither. They were entered into the trial within eight days of hospitalization and were treated and followed for up to two years (mean, 18 months). The incidence of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction, considered together, was 8.6 per cent in the groups given aspirin and 17.0 per cent in the other groups, representing a risk reduction with aspirin of 51 per cent (P = 0.008). The corresponding figures for either cardiac death alone or death from any cause were 3.0 per cent in the groups given aspirin and 11.7 per cent in the other groups, representing a risk reduction of 71 per cent (P = 0.004). Analysis by intention to treat yielded smaller risk reductions with aspirin of 30 per cent (P = 0.072), 56 per cent (P = 0.009), and 43 per cent (P = 0.035) for the outcomes of cardiac death or nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, cardiac death alone, and all deaths, respectively. There was no observed benefit of sulfinpyrazone for any outcome event, and there was no evidence of an interaction between sulfinpyrazone and aspirin. Considered together with the results of a previous clinical trial, these findings provide strong evidence for a beneficial effect of aspirin in patients with unstable angina.
Targeting Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates Using Superselective Binding Scaffolds (2020)

Recognition of oligosaccharides is associated with very limited specificity due to their strong solvation in water and the high degree of subtle structural variations between them. Here, oligosaccharide recognition sites are created on material surfaces with unmatched, binary on-off binding behavior, sharply discriminating a target oligosaccharide over closely related carbohydrate structures. The basis for the superselective binding behavior relies on the highly efficient generation of a pure, high order complex of the oligosaccharide target with synthetic carbohydrate receptor sites, in which the spatial arrangement of the multiple receptors in the complex is preserved upon material surface incorporation. The synthetic binding scaffolds can easily be tailored to recognize different oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, opening up a realm of possibilities for their use in a wide field of applications, ranging from life sciences to diagnostics.
Uranium, radium, and thorium content in phosphate rocks and their possible radiation hazard (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUranium, radium, and thorium content in phosphate rocks and their possible radiation hazardRonald G. MenzelCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1968, 16, 2, 231–234Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60156a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views671Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (380 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Semidwarf ( <i>sd-1</i> ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene (2002)

The introduction of semidwarf rice (Oryza sativa L.) led to record yield increases throughout Asia in the 1960s. The major semidwarfing allele, sd-1, is still extensively used in modern rice cultivars. The phenotype of sd-1 is consistent with dwarfism that results from a deficiency in gibberellin (GA) plant growth hormones. We propose that the semidwarf (sd-1) phenotype is the result of a deficiency of active GAs in the elongating stem arising from a defective 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic enzyme. Sequence data from the rice genome was combined with previous mapping studies to locate a putative GA 20-oxidase gene (Os20ox2) at the predicted map location of sd-1 on chromosome 1. Two independent sd-1 alleles contained alterations within Os20ox2: a deletion of 280 bp within the coding region of Os20ox2 was predicted to encode a nonfunctional protein in an indica type semidwarf (Doongara), whereas a substitution in an amino acid residue (Leu-266) that is highly conserved among dioxygenases could explain loss of function of Os20ox2 in a japonica semidwarf (Calrose76). The quantification of GAs in elongating stems by GC-MS showed that the initial substrate of GA 20-oxidase activity (GA53) accumulated, whereas the content of the major product (GA20) and of bioactive GA1 was lower in semidwarf compared with tall lines. We propose that the Os20ox2 gene corresponds to the sd-1 locus.
Isolation and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants deficient in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, spermidine, and spermine (1978)

Four mutants were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are deficient in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (spe2). All four mutants are chromosomal and fall into a single complementation group tightly linked to arg1. Since one of the mutants contained a temperature-sensitive activity, this complementation group defines the structural gene. Mutants totally lacking enzymic activity did not contain spermidine or spermine and had a greatly increased doubling time when grown in the absence of these two polyamines. Addition of 10(-6) M spermidine or 10(-5) M spermine, but not putrescine or cadaverine, restored the doubling time to that of the wild type. Diploids formed from a cross of two mutants completely deficient in spermidine and spermine were unable to sporulate in the absence of added spermidine or spermine. We obtained evidence that arg1 was not located on any of the 17 known chromosomes, and therefore we postulate that arg1 and spe2 are located on a new 18th chromosome.
Natural type selection in adaptive lossy compression (2001)

Consider approximate (lossy) matching of a source string /spl sim/P, with a random codebook generated from reproduction distribution Q, at a specified distortion d. Previous work determined the minimum coding rate R/sub 1/=R(P, Q, d) for this setting. We observe that for a large word length and with high probability, the matching codeword is typical with a distribution Q/sub 1/ which is different from Q. If a new random codebook is generated /spl sim/Q/sub 1/, then the source string will favor codewords which are typical with a new distribution Q/sub 2/, resulting in a minimum coding rate R/sub 2/=R(P, Q/sub 1/, d), and so on. We show that the sequences of distributions Q/sub 1/, Q/sub 2/,... and rates R/sub 1/, R/sub 2/,..., generated by this procedure, converge to an optimum reproduction distribution Q*, and the rate-distortion function R(P, d), respectively. We also derive a fixed rate-distortion slope version of this natural type selection process. In the latter case, an iteration of the process stochastically simulates an iteration of the Blahut-Arimoto (1972) algorithm for rate-distortion function computation (without recourse to prior knowledge of the underlying source distribution). To strengthen these limit statements, we also characterize the steady-state error of these procedures when iterating at a finite string length. Implications of the main results provide fresh insights into the workings of lossy variants of the Lempel-Ziv algorithm for adaptive compression.