gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implantable defibrillator with high-output pacing function after defibrillation (1988)

An experimental implantable defibrillator with a temporary pacing function was developed. The pacing function was activated after defibrillation to work as a high-output ventricular-demand pacemaker. The developed system was tested in animal experiments involving anesthesized and mechanically ventilated mongrel dogs. In the animal experiments, fibrillation was electrically induced, and the automatic defibrillation and pacing function were confirmed. After defibrillation, it was possible to continue the fixed-rate pacing for more than three minutes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of elastin in pathologic calcification of xenograft heart valves (2003)

Abstract Bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde crosslinked porcine aortic valves often fail because of calcific degeneration. Calcification occurs in both cusp and aortic wall portions of bioprosthetic heart valves. The purpose of this study was to discern the role of different aortic wall components in the calcification process. Thus, we selectively extracted cells and other extracellular matrix proteins from porcine aorta using trypsin/DNase/RNase, cyanogen bromide (CNBr), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatments and subdermally implanted these pretreated aortas in young rats. Total DNA and phospholipid data showed complete removal of cells by CNBr and NaOH treatments, whereas trypsin/DNase/RNase treatment was effective in removing DNA but not phospholipids. As shown by amino acid data and Masson's trichrome staining, collagen was removed in CNBr and NaOH treatments. Control fresh porcine aorta calcified significantly after 21 days of implantation (Ca 26.4 ± 2.4 μg/mg). Removal of cells and collagen from the aorta by CNBr treatment did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in aortic calcification (Ca 20.8 ± 3.0 μg/mg). Moreover, partial degradation of elastin fibers caused by NaOH (during extraction) and trypsin treatment (after implantation) of the aorta significantly increased elastin‐oriented calcification (Ca 94.4 ± 9.3 and 58.4 ± 4.6 μg/mg, respectively). Our results indicate that the elastin component of the aorta may undergo independent calcification irrespective of devitalized cell‐mediated calcification observed in glutaraldehyde crosslinked aortas. Our results also demonstrate the importance of studying elastin‐oriented calcification in decellularized elastin‐rich aortic matrices currently used in tissue‐engineering applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 93–102, 2003
Transcription factor TFIID is a direct functional target of the adenovirus E1A transcription-repression domain. (1995)

The 243-amino acid adenovirus E1A oncoprotein both positively and negatively modulates the expression of cellular genes involved in the regulation of cell growth. The E1A transcription repression function appears to be linked with its ability to induce cellular DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell transformation, as well as to inhibit cell differentiation. The mechanism by which E1A represses the transcription of various promoters has proven enigmatic. Here we provide several lines of evidence that the "TATA-box" binding protein (TBP) component of transcription factor TFIID is a cellular target of the E1A repression function encoded within the E1A N-terminal 80 amino acids. (i) The E1A N-terminal 80 amino acids [E1A-(1-80)protein] efficiently represses basal transcription from TATA-containing core promoters in vitro. (ii) TBP reverses completely E1A repression in vitro. (iii) TBP restores transcriptional activity to E1A-(1-80) protein affinity-depleted nuclear extracts. (iv) The N-terminal repression domain of E1A interacts directly and specifically with TBP in vitro. These results may help explain how E1A represses a set of genes that lack common upstream promoter elements.
In Vivo Diurnal Variation in Intervertebral Disc Volume and Morphology (1994)

The mean simulated diurnal volume decrease in the lower three lumbar discs is 16.2%. Most of the diurnal loss in disc height is due to volume loss. The effect of radial bulging is minimal.
Second-line chemotherapy and beyond for non-small-cell lung cancer. (2004)

Platinum-based chemotherapy is now established in the treatment of all stages of lung cancer. Despite the benefits of therapy, the majority of patients treated for lung cancer will ultimately progress. Some will retain good performance status and be candidates for additional, tumor-directed treatment. Docetaxel and pemetrexed have documented activity in phase III trials in patients progressing after first-line, platinum-based therapy. Gefitinib has recently been approved for treatment of disease in the third line. Numerous other agents with diverse mechanisms are currently undergoing evaluation in this setting. This review evaluates the population eligible for such treatments and discusses recent trials in second and subsequent lines of therapy.
Imatinib for Melanomas Harboring Mutationally Activated or Amplified <i>KIT</i> Arising on Mucosal, Acral, and Chronically Sun-Damaged Skin (2013)

Melanomas that arise on mucosal, acral, or CSD skin should be assessed for KIT mutations. Imatinib can be effective when tumors harbor KIT mutations, but not if KIT is amplified only. NRAS mutations and KIT copy number gain may be mechanisms of therapeutic resistance to imatinib.
Tin whiskers: a case study (2002)

Pure electroplated tin is susceptible to the growth of fibrous whiskers that can produce short circuits and, under some conditions, vacuum metal arcs capable of sustaining hundreds of amps. Typical whiskers are 3-4 mu m in diameter and approach 2 mm in length; they are strong enough to penetrate one layer of conformal coating. The physical and electrical properties of tin whiskers and the reasons for their growth are discussed. A methodology to disposition to use of tin in existing spacecraft hardware is presented. It permits the use of tin when growth conditions are strongly adverse or when the tin-plated components are conformally coated. In cases where whisker growth is considered possible and problematic, removal and replacement, or careful cleaning and conformal coating is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Early Recognition of Environmental Hazards (1969)

Journal Article The Early Recognition of Environmental Hazards Get access A.M. Adelstein A.M. Adelstein Chief Medical Statistician General Registrar Office Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Occupational Medicine, Volume 19, Issue 1, 1969, Pages 41–47, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/19.1.41 Published: 01 January 1969
Thinning and Singulation of Silicon: Root Causes of the Damage in Thin Chips (2006)

Let us have a look at the main spheres for silicon chips: The processors you find in your PCs, memory-chips used in nearly every electronic module, the power-devices your car is full of and the smart-labels found in access-cards, tickets and labeling applications which make our daily life easier. For each of these applications the chips are going thin. What is the driving force of this development, why are we going thin? For processors the main advantage of thin substrates is improved heat dissipation. Stacking of memory chips needs also thin silicon. For power devices it is reduction in electrical resistance. For smart-cards and related applications the main feature is the flexibility of thin silicon, which makes the IC-chip capable of surviving daily use. The question is: what are the mechanical properties after thinning and chip-singulation? What are their root causes? We have done investigations to find and evaluate causes of the mechanical damage in thin chips. We begin with a search for the stability necessary for a safe and reliable handling of the chips. We demonstrate the resulting threshold for chip-stability and some processes to reach this limit. In a next step we show the influence of chip-separation technologies. Influences to the chip side wall can result in mechanical damage or change stability. Our paper shows results regarding back side hardness and also the differences in mechanical properties between blank chips and processed devices. We present results of our investigations regarding dicing quality and influences to the product chips. Especially the resulting side wall surface of the chips is characteristic for the separating technology applied. Looking at silicon from a material point of view it is hard, stable and brittle. Thus the wafers made of silicon show certain fragility. Especially during wafer thinning, the wafers are stressed mechanically. The reduced stability on wafer level is one of the reasons for wafer breakage. But for back-end processes and product-applications the stability on chip level is of more importance. Pre-Assembly is showing the major influence on mechanical properties of silicon chips. The two main process groups here are wafer-thinning and chip-separation. Also in final applications stresses, coming from e.g. temperature changes, have to be balanced by excellent mechanical performance. Besides the features needed for the chip-applications, chip-stability is also necessary for the process chain from chip-separation to packaging. We did investigations in dicing quality looking at kerf-width, residues, side wall damage and chip-stability. As a result we can judge the different root causes influencing chip damage and stability
Full-system timing-first simulation (2002)

Computer system designers often evaluate future design alternatives with detailed simulators that strive for functional fidelity (to execute relevant workloads) and performance fidelity (to rank design alternatives). Trends toward multi-threaded architectures, more complex micro-architectures, and richer workloads, make authoring detailed simulators increasingly difficult. To manage simulator complexity, this paper advocates decoupled simulator organizations that separate functional and performance concerns. Furthermore, we define an approach, called timing-first simulation, that uses an augmented timing simulator to execute instructions important to performance in conjunction with a functional simulator to insure correctness. This design simplifies software development, leverages existing simulators, and can model micro-architecture timing in detail.We describe the timing-first organization and our experiences implementing TFsim, a full-system multiprocessor performance simulator. TFsim models a pipelined, out-of-order micro-architecture in detail, was developed in less than one person-year, and performs competitively with previously-published simulators. TFsim's timing simulator implements dynamically common instructions (99.99% of them), while avoiding the vast and exacting implementation efforts necessary to run unmodified commercial operating systems and workloads. Virtutech Simics, a full-system functional simulator, checks and corrects the timing simulator's execution, contributing 18-36% to the overall run-time. TFsim's mostly correct functional implementation introduces a worst-case performance error of 4.8% for our commercial workloads. Some additional simulator performance is gained by verifying functional correctness less often, at the cost of some additional performance error.
Activity of 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Compounds against <i>Candida</i> species (1979)

Forty recent clinical isolates of three different Candida sp. were tested in the microtiter system for susceptibility to two new 2,4-diaminoquinazoline (DAQ) compounds, amphotericin B and flucytosine. The two DAQ preparations showed activity similar to amphotericin B and flucytosine. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentrations for these four drugs were as follows: DAQ 1A, 0.64 mug/ml; DAQ 2A, 1.39 mug/ml; amphotericin B, 1.03 mug/ml; and flucytosine, 0.72 mug/ml. An additional seven DAQ compounds were tested but showed less or no activity against 17 Candida isolates. Forty-eight-hour viability studies with DAQ 2A alone or in combination with amphotericin B, flucytosine, or sulfamethoxazole were carried out with one isolate of intermediate susceptibility to each of these agents except sulfamethoxazole. For this isolate the combination of DAQ 2A and sulfamethoxazole was synergistic, and the combination of DAQ 2A and AMB was either synergistic or additive, whereas the combination of DAQ 2A and flucytosine was antagonistic. Although regrowth of cultures exposed to DAQ 2A was noted over a 48-h period, neither degradation of the drug nor development of resistance to the drug could be detected. Swiss white mice receiving DAQ 1A at a dose of 6 mg/kg for 5 days showed no obvious signs of toxicity, including weight loss.
Risk Comparisons in a Democratic Society: What People Say They Do and Do Not Want (1999)

Using an exploratory focus group, Dr. Johnson examines citizen responses to common risk message techniques.
Fluorescence antibunching microscopy (2012)

Utilizing quantum properties of light to break the diffraction limit has been the goal of intense research in the recent years. This paper is a progress report on a study aimed at experimentally demonstrating a superresolution microscopy technique enabled by photon antibunching, a non-classical emission statistics feature exhibited by most emitters used as fluorescent markers. We find that photon antibunching gives rise to correlations that encode high spatial frequency information on the distribution of fluorescent emitters. Detecting these correlations using photon counting instrumentation in a standard fluorescence microscope setting allows for three-dimensional superresolution imaging of fluorophore stained samples. The technique provides a quantum alternative to the established superresolution tools.
La medicina tropical y la invención del otro (2006)

La idea de que ?l'ambient? influeix de manera significativa sobre gairebe totes, sino totes, les condicions de l'existencia humana, ha estat present, amb algunes variacions, des de Grecia fins al seu apogeu en els segles XV al XIX. El proces de construccio conceptual i teorica sobre l'ambient i per tant sobre la naturalesa, ha permes coneixer historicament les diferents formes d'apropiacio socio-politica, on la naturalesa concebuda com a instrument ?d'altra banda molt eficac- n?autoritza la dominacio i la identitat. La medicina tropical es construeix alla on el clima es l'element que, moltes vegades, permet establir no nomes diferencies de tipus biologic sino tambe geopolitic entre les nacions. El discurs de la medicina tropical esta impregnat ?i algunes vegades es impossible no adonar-se?n- d'un caracter ideologic amb proposits colonitzadors i medicalitzadors, que persegueixen una idea de progres sustentada en la transformacio cultural i biologica dels individus i els territoris situats a la zona tropical.
La idea de que el ?ambiente? influye de manera significativa sobre casi todas, sino todas, las condiciones de la existencia humana, ha estado presente, con algunas variaciones, desde Grecia hasta su apogeo en los siglos XV al XIX. El proceso de construccion conceptual y teorica sobre el ambiente y por ende sobre la naturaleza, ha permitido conocer historicamente las distintas formas de apropiacion socio-politica, donde la naturaleza concebida como instrumento ?por lo demas muy eficaz- autoriza la dominacion y la identidad. La medicina tropical se construye alli donde el clima es el elemento, que muchas veces, permite establecer no solo diferencias de tipo biologico sino de tipo geopolitico entre las naciones. El discurso de la medicina tropical esta impregnado ?y algunas veces es imposible no darse cuenta- de un caracter ideologico con propositos colonizadores y medicalizadores, que persiguen una idea de progreso sustentada en la transformacion cultural y biologica de los individuos y los territorios ubicados en la zona tropical.
A simple method to remove contaminating salt from IPG strips prior to IEF (2007)

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast lysate is used to demonstrate how a simple wash procedure can improve IEF of IPG strips passively rehydrated in the presence of NaCl. By performing three 10 min washes after IPG strip rehydration and before IEF, corresponding second-dimensional gels from strips containing NaCl look similar to control strips while the second-dimensional gels of unwashed strips contains streaks and spaces devoid of protein. Up to 500 mM NaCl was added to the yeast lysate and successfully focused following this wash regime. Protein loss due to the washes was determined to be minimal by comparing replicates of washed and unwashed strips and analyzing the densities of their corresponding second-dimensional gel spots. In the event of unknown salt contamination, indicated by low voltage during focusing, it is possible to stop focusing, wash the strips, and then continue focusing with acceptable second dimension results.
Pharmacokinetics and immunodynamics of chimeric IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody SDZ CHI 621 in renal allograft recipients (1996)

SDZ CHI 621 is a murine-human chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25) intended for prophylactic immunosuppression against acute rejection in the first several weeks following kidney transplantation. A multicentre, prospective, dose-finding study was conducted in 37 primary, mismatched cadaver kidney transplant patients to assess its tolerability, pharmacokinetics and immunodynamics. Successive cohorts of patients were stratified to receive total doses of 20, 30, 40 or 60 mg (n = 4, 4, 14, 15, respectively) administered as 15- or 20-mg intravenous infusions with the first dose given preoperatively and subsequent doses within the first 10 days posttransplant. Daily mAb serum concentrations were analysed by a radioimmunoassay method and the percentage of peripheral T-lymphocytes expressing CD25 from serial blood samples was determined by FACScan. Intravenous administrations were well tolerated. mAb concentration profiles exhibited a biphasic decline with an initial t1/2 of 14.4 +/- 14.2 h, terminal t1/2 of 13.4 +/- 6.0 days, distribution volume (Vss) of 6.9 +/- 3.31 and clearance of 17.4 +/- 7.8 ml/h. The concentration-effect (mAb-CD25) relationship indicated that mAb concentrations exceeding a threshold of about 0.7 microgram/ml corresponded to complete suppression of CD25 (< or = 3% CD25+ T-cells). The threshold mAb concentration was exceeded at all dose levels, whereas the duration above the threshold (and thus of CD25 suppression) rose with increasing dose: 20 mg, 20 +/- 7 days; 30 mg, 32 +/- 6 days; 40 mg, 37 +/- 10 days; and 60 mg, 53 +/- 17 days. As mAb concentrations declined below the threshold following the last dose, CD25 expression returned to baseline (18-44% CD25+ T-cells) within a few days.
Neutrophil extracellular trap induced by HMGB1 exacerbates damages in the ischemic brain (2019)

It has been reported that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in non-infectious diseases. In ischemic stroke, neutrophils infiltrate damaged brain tissue soon after injury and aggravate inflammation. Using a rat permanent MCAO model, we showed citrullinated histone H3<sup>+</sup> (CitH3, a marker of NETosis) induction in neutrophils in leptomeninges and in peripheral blood soon after MCAO. Entry of CitH3<sup>+</sup> cells occurred through leptomeninges after 6 h of MCAO and these cells were observed in cerebral cortex from 12 h and subsequently in striatum. It is interesting to note that CitH3<sup>+</sup> induction began in circulating neutrophils before they migrated to brain parenchyma and they were detected as intact or lysed form. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, was accumulated massively in serum after permanent MCAO and plays a critical role in CitH3 inductions in neutrophils in brain parenchyma and in peripheral blood. Both the all-thiol and disulfide types of HMGB1 induced CitH3 via their specific receptors, CXCR4 and TLR4, respectively. Importantly, HMGB1 not only induced NETosis but was included as a part of the extruded NETs, and contribute to NETosis-mediated neuronal death. Therefore, it would appear a vicious cycle exists between neuronal cell death and NETosis and HMGB1 mediates detrimental effects exerted by this cycle. When NETosis was suppressed by a PAD inhibitor in MCAO animals, delayed immune cell infiltrations were markedly suppressed and damages in blood vessels were significantly mitigated. The study shows NETosis with the involvement of HMGB1 as a mediator in a vicious cycle aggravates inflammation and subsequent damage in the ischemic brain.
The effect of the Fresnel zone size on AVO analysis for stack data (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003The effect of the Fresnel zone size on AVO analysis for stack dataAuthors: Shuang SunJohn C. BancroftShuang SunCREWES Project, University of Calgary and John C. BancroftCREWES Project, University of Calgaryhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817794 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817794FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byThe impact of reservoir scale on amplitude variation with offset6 September 2016 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 65, No. 3 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Shuang Sun and John C. Bancroft, (2003), "The effect of the Fresnel zone size on AVO analysis for stack data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 223-226. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817794 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
A ubiquitin-like protein which is synergistically inducible by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (1999)

A means of regulating the fate of intracellular proteins is their covalent conjugation to ubiquitin-like proteins. A recently discovered ubiquitin-like protein is called "diubiquitin" because it consists of two ubiquitin-like domains in head-to-tail arrangement. Human diubiquitin is encoded at the telomeric end of the MHC class I locus and was previously found to be expressed in dendritic cells and mature B cells. We have extended the expression analysis of diubiquitin by reverse transcriptase-PCR and Northern blotting in primary endothelial cells and human cancer cell lines derived from nine different tissues. Diubiquitin expression was found to be generally and synergistically inducible with the cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but not with IFN-alpha. Diubiquitin mRNA expression was induced within 2 h after cytokine stimulation and was independent of protein neosynthesis but dependent on proteasome activity. The mouse homologue of diubiquitin which is also encoded in the MHC class I locus was likewise induced with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. A general and synergistic induction with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha suggests that diubiquitin may exert its functions in antigen presentation or other cellular processes controlled by these two cytokines.