gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gravel packing dual zones in one trip reduces offshore completion time (1991)

A single trip, dual-zone gravel pack system was used to successfully gravel pack two wells on Green Canyon platform 52 A in the Gulf of Mexico. An average 56 hours was saved on each well, representing reductions of about 25% in completion time and 26% in completion cost per well. Time-sensitive costs had the largest impact on Green Canyon 52 A final well completion cost; therefore, new technology or more efficient operations were required to minimize completion time. One way to enhance project economics was to gravel pack two separate zones in one trip. In this paper, four objectives are addressed during development of a single trip tool to gravel pack the stacked zones of the Marquette project. These were time and cost reduction, removal of loss circulation material (LCM) prior to gravel packing, zone isolation during gravel packing and use of conventional gravel placement techniques. The design requirement that all LCM (salt and/or viscous polymer pills), perforation debris and formation sand be removed from the wellbore prior to gravel packing was accomplished by incorporating a washdown feature that allows circulation at the bottom of the gravel pack assembly prior to landing in the sump packer.
Methane Oxidation in Simulated Landfill Cover Soil Environments (1999)

A considerable fraction of the methane that is produced by landfills is oxidized by its covering soil before it can reach the atmosphere. This process was studied in soil columns that simulate landfill cover soil environments. The methane uptake was followed as a function of time. In soils of agricultural origin, a maximum value of 10.7 mol m-2column d-1 was observed. Mixing sugar beet leaves with the soil led to a temporary stimulation of the methane oxidation rate, whereas a wheat straw amendment led to permanent stimulation. Soil originating from a real landfill cover oxidized on the order of 15 mol m-2column d-1, the highest value found in the literature to date. The soil gas composition was studied as a function of depth. With a new batch incubation technique, methane oxidation kinetics were determined in samples taken from the soil column. By combining this kinetic data with the soil gas composition data, the actively methane oxidizing zone in the soil column could be determined and an in situ assessment of oxygen limitation could be performed. Methane oxidation takes place mainly in the top 30 cm of the covering soil.
Co‐expression tools for plant biology: opportunities for hypothesis generation and caveats (2009)

Gene co-expression analysis has emerged in the past 5 years as a powerful tool for gene function prediction. In essence, co-expression analysis asks the question 'what are the genes that are co-expressed, that is, those that show similar expression profiles across many experiments, with my gene of interest?'. Genes that are highly co-expressed may be involved in the biological process or processes of the query gene. This review describes the tools that are available for performing such analyses, how each of these perform, and also discusses statistical issues including how normalization of gene expression data can influence co-expression results, calculation of co-expression scores and P values, and the influence of data sets used for co-expression analysis. Finally, examples from the literature will be presented, wherein co-expression has been used to corroborate and discover various aspects of plant biology.
Future of group-III nitride semiconductor green laser diodes [Invited] (2010)

Some research groups have realized green laser diodes (LDs) using InGaN-based nitride semiconductors. However, the performances of their devices, in particular wall-plug efficiency, were still one digit lower than those of established red and blue semiconductor LDs. To achieve high-performance green LDs and apply them to LD displays or micro-projectors, the field should focus on improving the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of green spontaneous emission from InGaN quantum wells (QWs). Green InGaN QWs have completely different features than blue InGaN QWs in terms of growth and concomitant material quality. The exploration of 100% IQE-quality InGaN materials for green emission continues.
CourseCloud (2009)

In this demo, we show data clouds that summarize the results of keyword searches over structured data. Data clouds provide insight into the database contents, hints for query modification and refinement and can lead to serendipitous discoveries of diverse results. In this demo paper:
Effect of phloretin on the permeability of thin lipid membranes. (1976)

Phloretin dramatically increases cation conductances and decreases anion conductances of membranes treated with ion carriers (nonactin, valinomycin, carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP], and Hg(C6F5)2) or lipophilic ions (tetraphenylarsonium [tphAs+] and tetraphenylborate [TPhB-]). For example, on phosphatidylethanolamine membranes, 10(-4) M phloretin increases K+ -nonactin and TPhAs+ conductances and decreases CCCP- and TPhB- conductances 10(3)-fold; on lecithin: cholesterol membranes, it increases K+-nonactin conductance 10(5)-fold and decreases CCCP- conductance 10(3)-fold. Similar effects are obtained with p- and m-nitrophenol at 10(-2) M. These effects are produced by the un-ionized form of phloretin and the nitrophenols. We believe that phloretin, which possesses a large dipole moment, adsorbs and orients at the membrane surface to introduce a dipole potential of opposite polarity to the preexisting positive one, thus increasing the partition coefficient of cations into the membrane interior and decreasing the partition coefficient of anions. (Phloretin may also increase the fluidity of cholesterol-containing membranes; this is manifested by its two- to three-fold increase in nonelectrolyte permeability and its asymmetrical effect on cation and anion conductances in cholesterol-containing membranes.) It is possible that pholoretin's inhibition of chloride, urea, and glucose transport in biological membranes results from the effects of these intense intrafacial dipole fields on the translocator(s) of these molecules.
Evaluating the impact of DNS and HTTP session characteristics on consumer ISP web traffic (2005)

Web caches are generally considered useful because they reduce replication of network traffic flowing from original content sources. In this paper we experimentally characterise the network and transport layer consequences of Web caching in the consumer ISP context. We instrumented a small number of Australian, broadband-attached homes to collect round-trip time (RTT) and hop count statistics for their HTTP/TCP sessions, and collect DNS lookup statistics associated with each HTTP exchange. We estimated the impact of DNS lookup delays on overall HTTP session times, and use our RTT and hop count statistics to show that consumer ISPs would benefit greatly from local caching, particularly in Australia where speed of light delays have a large impact on session times when retrieving international content.
The Protective Effects of a Combination of an Arginine Silicate Complex and Magnesium Biotinate Against UV-Induced Skin Damage in Rats (2021)

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of a novel combination of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate complex (ASI) and magnesium biotinate (MgB) on the prevention of skin damage after UVB exposure in rats. Forty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into one of the following groups: (1) NC, normal control, (2) SC, shaved control, (3) UVB (exposed to UVB radiation), (4) ASI+MgB-L (Low Dose), (5) ASI+MgB-H (High Dose), (6) ASI+MgB-L+MgB cream, (7) ASI+MgB-H+MgB cream. The results showed that ASI+MgB treatment alleviated the macroscopic and histopathological damages in the skin of rats caused by UVB exposure. Skin elasticity evaluation showed a similar trend. ASI+MgB increased serum Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Si, biotin, and arginine concentrations and skin hydroxyproline and biotinidase levels while decreasing skin elastase activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, ASI+MgB treatment increased skin levels of biotin-dependent carboxylases (ACC1, ACC2, PC, PCC, MCC) and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and matrix metalloproteinase protein levels by the regulation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. In addition, ASI+MgB caused lower levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, NFκB, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in the skin samples (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The levels of Bax and caspase-3 were increased, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased by UVB exposure, which was reversed by ASI+MgB treatment. These results show that treatment with ASI and MgB protects against skin damage by improving skin appearance, elasticity, inflammation, apoptosis, and overall health.
A study of the referenceless CDR based on PLL (2016)

Clock data recovery (CDR) circuit is an essential component for serial data communication. S/PDIF which is one of data coding is used. The CDR based on PLL recovers clock and data of 2.8224 ~ 24.576MHz and was designed with the frequency detector (FD) to detect the frequency by using the preamble. The PLL, frequency detector (FD) and the reset circuits were used to design the refernceless CDR based on PLL. 65nm CMOS process is used in this study.
Impulse Propagation along Thalamocortical Fibers Can Be Detected Magnetically outside the Human Brain (2008)

Orchestrating cortical network activity with synchronous oscillations of neurons across distant regions of the brain underlies information processing in humans (Knight, 2007) and monkeys (Saalmann et al., 2007; Womelsdorf et al., 2007). Frequencies of oscillatory activities depend, to a considerable extent, on the length and conduction velocity of the tracts connecting the neural areas that participate in oscillations (Buzsáki, 2006). However, the impulse propagation along the fiber tracts in the white matter has never been visualized in humans. Here, we show, by recording magnetoencephalogram (MEG) following median nerve stimulation, that a magnetic field component, we labeled "M15," changes dynamically within 1.6-1.8 ms before the onset of magnetic M20 response generated from the primary somatosensory cortex. This new M15 component corresponds to the intracellular depolarizing action current in the thalamocortical fibers propagating with the mean conduction velocity of 29 m/s. The findings challenge the traditional view that MEG is blind to the activity of deep subcortical structures. We argue that the MEG technique holds the promise of providing novel information in impulse transmissions along not only the thalamocortical pathway but also other fiber tracts connecting distant brain areas in humans.
A static analyzer for large safety-critical software (2003)

We show that abstract interpretation-based static program analysis can be made efficient and precise enough to formally verify a class of properties for a family of large programs with few or no false alarms. This is achieved by refinement of a general purpose static analyzer and later adaptation to particular programs of the family by the end-user through parametrization. This is applied to the proof of soundness of data manipulation operations at the machine level for periodic synchronous safety critical embedded software.The main novelties are the design principle of static analyzers by refinement and adaptation through parametrization (Sect. 3 and 7), the symbolic manipulation of expressions to improve the precision of abstract transfer functions (Sect. 6.3), the octagon (Sect. 6.2.2), ellipsoid (Sect. 6.2.3), and decision tree (Sect. 6.2.4) abstract domains, all with sound handling of rounding errors in oating point computations, widening strategies (with thresholds: Sect. 7.1.2, delayed: Sect. 7.1.3) and the automatic determination of the parameters (parametrized packing: Sect. 7.2).
Quinone Imides. XLV. Structures of Aromatic Amine Adducts of p-Benzoquinonedibenzimide<sup>*</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinone Imides. XLV. Structures of Aromatic Amine Adducts of p-Benzoquinonedibenzimide*ROGER ADAMS and LESLIE M. WERBELCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 11, 1287–1291Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01362a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (600 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of key performance metrics in two- and three-dimensional integrated circuits (2002)

In this paper some key performance metrics in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits (IC) are estimated for scaled technologies from 250-nm to 50-nm technology nodes using a system-level modeling approach. Considering a microprocessor as an example, projections are made for performance metrics such as clock frequency, chip area, interconnect delay and repeater's number for 2-D and 3-D implementation.
Characteristics of small lung cancers invisible on conventional chest radiography and detected by population based screening using spiral CT. (2000)

Conventional chest radiography (CXR) is a poor diagnostic tool for detecting lung cancers at a surgically curable stage. To determine the visibility of peripheral small lung cancers on CXR, we retrospectively examined the usefulness of CXR using a consecutive series of 44 cases detected on CT screening and later confirmed by histopathology. All cases had been detected by low dose CT during a population based screening trial for lung cancer. The control group consisted of 48 chest radiographs of normal subjects. Tumour diameters ranged from 6 mm to 45 mm, with 95% (42/44) < or = 20 mm, and 5% (2/44) > 20 mm. CXR failed to detect 77% (34/44) of all cancers, including 79% (33/42) < or = 20 mm and 50% (1/2) > 20 mm. Of the 42 lung cancers < or = 20 mm, 74% (31/42) were located in the well penetrated lung zones and 71% (22/31) of these were missed on CXR. 26% (11/42) were concealed by hilar vessels, mediastinum, heart or diaphragm, and all (11/11) of these were missed on CXR. 93% (39/42) of the lung cancers < or = 20 mm were adenocarcinomas and 79% (31/39) of these were missed on CXR. 7% (3/42) were epidermoid carcinomas or small cell carcinomas and 66% (2/3) of these were missed on CXR. The overall accuracy of interpretation on CXR for lung cancers was 61%, sensitivity was 23% and specificity 96%. Although there was an association between presence of lung cancer and positive reading of CXR (chi 2 test of association, p < 0.05), the percentage of positive readings was only 23%. Thus, CXR was poor at visualizing CT detectable lung cancers of < or = 20 mm diameter, which are usually of very low density, and cannot be relied upon for detection of surgically curable small lung cancer.
DNS Proxy Implementation Guidelines (2009)

This document provides guidelines for the implementation of DNS proxies, as found in broadband gateways and other similar network devices.
Advanced JavaScript: Insights and Innovative Techniques (2002)

Preface. 1. Mouseovers. How Rollovers Work. Shelley Biotech. Preloading Images. Mouseovers and Submenus. Mouseovers and Stylesheets. Recap. 2. Dynamically Changing Table Configurations. Basic Report Making. Advanced Table Configuration. 3. Swapping Out Image Maps. The Scenario. Multiple Image Maps in HTML. Image Map Information in JavaScript. 4. Altering Lists. Adding to Lists. Switching Between Unordered and Ordered Lists. Inserting Line Items into Specific Positions. 5. Dropdown Menus. Navigation. Altering Menu Content. The Whole Code. 6. Text Fields, Checkboxes, Radio Buttons, and Textareas. Copying Text Fields with Checkboxes. 7. Validating Forms. Providing Information. Validating User Data. Validating Credit Card Numbers. 8. Stylesheets. Stylesheet Overview. Classes. Positioning Layers. Modifying HTML Tags. Linking to an External Stylesheet. 9. There's Something About DOM. The Beginnings of DOM. About Document Objects. The Flavors of DOM. The W3C DOM. 10. Event Objects. Event History. Event Propagation. Referring to the Event Object. 11. Palette Man. Palette Man Components. Adding Functionality. Rotating the Colors. 12. Hierarchical Menus: Introduction. What HierMenus Does. The Arrays. 13. Heirarchical Menus: DOM and Main Functions. HM_ScriptDOM. The Main Functions. 14. Hierarchical Menus: Behavior. Menu Behavior. 15. Dragging Layers. Background. Events and Objects. Dragging Code. The Whole Thing. 16. Cookies. What Cookies Are. Cookie Parameters. Saving Cookies. Retrieving Cookies. Bill's Cookie Code. 17. Regular Expressions. Introduction to Regular Expressions. Creating Regular Expressions. Regular Expression Object Properties. Running Regular Expressions. Testing, Reading, and Replacing Text with Regular Expressions. 18. XML. Importing and Reading XML. Recap. 19. Javascript and ActionScript. What is ActionScript. Calling JavaScript Using getURL. FSCommand. 20. FolderTree: Creating the Tree. What FolderTree Does. Creating Folders and Links. Creating Subfolders. Adding Documents/Links. 21. FolderTree: Displaying the Tree. Displaying the Tree. Drawing the Layers. 22. FolderTree: Finishing It Up. Drawing the Tree. Opening and Closing Folders. 23. News Scroller. The News Scroller. 24. Layer Slider. Sliding Around. Appendix A. XML Primer. What is XML. Why XML Is Good. Goals of XML. Elements and Nodes. Structure and Syntax. The Special Symbols and Comment. Recap. Appendix B. FolderTree Code. ftexample.html. folderTreeLeftFrame.html. startPage.html. defineMyTree.js. fteins4.js. ua.js. Index.
Carbon dioxide production in soils and carbon and nitrogen changes in soils variously treated (1916)

The carbon dioxide of the soil atmosphere, along with the water, has long been recognized as the most active agent in the decomposition of comparatively inert minerals to give available and soluble plant food material. It is probable that herein lies the great benefit which comes from the application to soil of organic material which not only increases the energy material easily available for the bacteria, but also improves the physical condition of the soil. This in turn increases bacterial activity, which gives rise to increased carbon dioxide production.\nAt the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, for some time past, both in the laboratory and in the field, determinations have been made of the carbon dioxide of the soil atmosphere or of the carbon dioxide evolved by soils. These experiments have been carried out with the primary object of obtaining information as to the rate of decomposition of the soil or of organic matter added to the soil, under various conditions and treatments.\nIn this paper attention will be confined mainly to the production of carbon dioxide by soils and its measurement. Little will be said concerning its effectiveness as an agent for rendering plant foods available.
Radiotelephone System for Harbor and Coastal Services (1939)

Radiotelephone service with harbor and coastal vessels is now being given through coastal stations in the vicinities of seven large harbors on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts with additional stations planned. The system is designed to be as simple as possible from both the technical and operating standpoints on both ship and shore. Recent developments in the shore-station design eliminates all manipulations of the controls by the technical operator. This is made possible principally because of crystal-controlled frequencies on shore and ship, a "vogad" which keeps the transmitting volume of the shore subscriber constant, and a "codan" incorporated in the shore radio receiver which will operate on signal carrier but is highly discriminatory against noise. A signaling system permits the traffic operator to call in an individual boat by dialing the assigned code which rings a bell on the particular boat called. The ship calls the shore station by turning on the transmitter. The radio signal operates the codan in the shore receiver which in turn lights a signal lamp in the traffic switchboard. Gradually the system has been taking on more and more the aspects of the wire telephone system.
An Opportunity to Reduce Minimum Parking Requirements (1995)

Abstract Employer-paid parking subsidizes about a third of all automobile travel in the United States, and about two-thirds of all automobile travel during the morning peak hours. To reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, California has recently enacted legislation requiring employers who subsidize employee parking to offer employees the option to take the cash value of the parking subsidy, in lieu of the parking itself. The legislation also requires cities to reduce the parking requirements for developments that implement a parking cash-out program. This study estimates how the option to cash out employer-paid parking will reduce commuter parking demand, and recommends a corresponding reduction in minimum parking requirements. To deal with spillover parking problems that may occur if cities reduce parking requirements, the article concludes with a proposal to create "Parking Benefit Districts" where the revenues from market-priced curb parking are dedicated to paying for neighborhood public services. At market parking prices, curb parking revenue could easily exceed the current residential property tax revenue in neighborhoods subject to spillover parking.
Free Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Mobility Limitation and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Men: The Framingham Offspring Study (2010)

Lower levels of baseline FT are associated with a greater risk of incident or worsening mobility limitation in community-dwelling older men. Whether this risk can be reduced with testosterone therapy needs to be determined by randomized trials.
Scales of solute hydrogen-bonding: their construction and application to physicochemical and biochemical processes (1993)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Impact of gate-induced drain leakage on retention time distribution of 256 Mbit DRAM with negative wordline bias (2003)

A negative wordline bias scheme is utilized to reduce the subthreshold leakage of deep submicron DRAM cell transistors. With excessive negative wordline bias, gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) could dominate cell leakage and degrade product retention time performance. The dependence of retention time on negative wordline bias for a 256-Mbit DRAM with 0.14/spl mu/m ground rule is investigated. The retention fail bit count in the tail distribution increases as wordline bias goes more negative and as temperature increases. A cell array with a density of 1.14M is also characterized for the device leakage behavior. The negative wordline bias and temperature dependent GIDL is believed to be due to band to defect tunneling. Hence, elimination of traps near the oxide/silicon interface in the gate to drain overlap region during the DRAM fabrication process is important for the negative wordline scheme.