gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
8. Commission De l’Astronomie Méridienne (1925)

Since the last meeting of the Union, Sir Frank Dyson, who for forty years had devoted himself to the advancement of meridian astronomy, has resigned the position of president of the Commission. The Executive Committee have done me the honour of inviting me to fill the vacancy. I have sent a circular letter to all members of the Commission asking for a report on the meridian astronomy being carried on in the institutions with which they are connected, and for suggestions of subjects which might be discussed in Paris. In some countries, particularly Germany and U.S.S.R., there are a number of observatories carrying on meridian astronomy but not represented on the Commission, and I have asked the representatives of these countries to send me details of the work of the various institutions in their countries. The following report is largely based on the replies I have received.
Variable Rate Pedal Feel Emulator Designs for a Brake-By-Wire System (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An important element of a brake-by-wire system is the pedal feel emulator. This device is tuned for each vehicle application to provide the desired pedal force/travel relationship while operating the brake system in the normal powered mode. The two designs examined apply to a hydraulic based brake-by-wire system and are used in conjunction with a master cylinder to meet failed power braking requirements. Both designs use uniquely different spring technologies to provide a variable rate curve to simulate the pedal feel characteristics of a conventional vacuum boosted brake system.</div>
Thrombomodulin and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Endocardium of Rapidly Paced Rat Atria (2003)

Rapid atrial pacing acutely downregulated the gene expression of TM and TFPI in the atrial endocardium, thereby inducing local coagulation imbalance on the internal surface of the atrial cavity. These results would support the validity of supplement of anticoagulant molecules deficient in AF.
AMPS modeling of nanocrystalline Si p-layer in a-Si nip solar cells (2003)

. This paper reports numerical simulations for the impact of a wide bandgap p-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) on the performances of a-Si based component solar cells, using Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) computer model developed at Penn State University. The effects of band offset and potential barrier formed at the interfaces of player with i-layer and ITO front contact were also investigated. The simulated results show that 1) with increasing bandgap of p-nc-Si:H (E/sub gp/), the V/sub oc/ increases beyond 1 V, then decreases, due to the band offset at the p/i interface, which also leads to an anomalous illuminated I-V characteristics with a bending close to the open circuit point; and 2) the front contact barrier plays a similar role to hinder the hole collection and may cause the illuminated I-V curve to bend seriously.
Exploration in metric state spaces (2003)

We present a provably near-optimal algorithm for reinforcement learn-ing in Markov decision processes in which there is a natural metric on the state space that allows the construction of accurate local models. Our algorithm is a generalization of the E3 algorithm of Kearns and Singh, and assumes a black box for approximate planning. Unlike the original E 3, our algorithm finds a near optimal policy in an amount of time that does not directly depend on the size of the state space, but instead de-pends on the covering numbers of the state space, which are informally the number of neighborhoods in the state space required for accurate lo-cal modeling at a chosen resolution. 1 Introduction, Motivation
The in vitro cultivation of Oesophagostomum radiatum, the nodular worm of cattle. III. Effects of bovine heme on development to adults. (1983)

High numbers of advanced stages of Oesophagostomum radiatum developed from exsheathed, infective larvae in complex, cell-free Medium API-1, with or without the addition of glutathione (reduced) or a bovine heme in the form of "unbound" hemin or the bound hemin component of Fildes' reagent (a peptic digest of defibrinated bovine blood). Based on culture periods of 28 to 52 days, O. radiatum larvae developed to fourth molt in Medium API-1, with and without a bovine heme compound. However, in medium containing bovine heme, development continued to young adult males and females within 25 to 35 days. The most advanced stages attained were young adult males and females in which mature reproductive systems showed the beginning of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. The optimal culture system for development to young adults required Medium API-1 supplemented with 20 mM glutathione (reduced) for the first 7 days, followed by nonsupplemented medium for 7 days, and thereafter medium supplemented with Fildes' reagent which contained hemin in a concentration of 48 micrograms/ml of medium. In this system, O. radiatum developed to early, young adults in 25 days and to "late," young adults by 37 to 52 days. The largest young adult male and female were 8.3 and 9.0 mm long, respectively. This system produced maximal yields of up to 25% young adults in populations of about 80,000 O. radiatum by days 28 to 42.
Converting waste paper to multifunctional graphene-decorated carbon paper: from trash to treasure (2015)

Used paper was converted on a large scale to multifunctional graphene-tethered carbon fiber composite paper (GCCP) with a novel “carbon tree” subunit structure.
Surface Investigation and Magnetic Behavior of Co Nanoparticles Prepared via a Surfactant-Mediated Polyol Process (2009)

This work reports on the structural and magnetic properties of 10 nm-sized Co nanoparticles, along with a surface investigation of chemi-adsorption of fatty acid-like oleic acid on their surfaces. The hexagonal close-packed superparamagnetic Co nanoparticles were prepared by a surfactant-mediated polyol process that consists of refluxing a solution of the metal precursor, using oleic acid in ethylene glycol. The nature of an adsorbed fatty acid on a Co nanoparticle surface was studied, using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The magnetic properties of the surfactant-capped and uncapped Co nanoparticles are compared. The surfactant-capped Co nanoparticles prepared by the modified polyol process show excellent superparamagnetic behaviors, with high magnetic susceptibility, negligible coercivity, and high saturation magnetization.
Finding Rare Web Pages by Relevancy and Atypicality in a Category (2013)

In this paper, we propose rarity of a Web page in a category given by a user to find useful information that a few people know. A rare Web page is a page that belongs to a given category and that is atypical in the category. We define a probability that the page is a rare Web page in the given category as a rarity score. The rarity score is a product of a relevancy score and an a typicality score. The relevancy is a probability that a Web page belongs to a category given by a user. The a typicality is a conditional probability that a page is atypical in the category when it belongs to the category. Both probabilities are calculated by using tags of social bookmark services and words in Web pages. We evaluated the proposed relevancy score by classifying whether Web pages belong to a certain category. We also evaluated the proposed rarity as a metric for ranking Web pages, and compared the rankings by relevancy and a typicality. We confirmed usefulness of the rarity score to find relevant and atypical pages.
Impact of iron deficiency and iron re‐supply during the early stages of vegetative development in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) (1997)

ABSTRACT The consequences of iron deficiency and iron re‐supply were evaluated during the early stages of growth and development of young maize plantlets grown hydroponically in the absence of iron. Various parameters, such as fresh and dry weights, and the concentration of chlorophylls, iron, copper, manganese, calcium, magnesium and potassium in leaves, were measured at various times during the first 15 d of culture. Ten‐day‐old maize plantlets grown without iron displayed severe alterations, with a 50% decrease in iron and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves, and serious impairments in mitochondria and chloroplast ultrastructure. In contrast, neither leaf nor root growth, nor other mineral concentrations other than iron were significantly affected at this stage of development. In an attempt to characterize proteins potentially involved in iron nutrition or the adaptative response to iron starvation, comparative 2D‐gel electrophoretic analysis of polypeptides was carried out on soluble and membrane fractions prepared from leaves and roots of iron‐deficient and iron‐sufficient 10‐d‐old maize plantlets. Two polypeptides (11 and 17 kDa, pI of about 6.8) from the microsomal fraction of leaves were found to be repressed under iron‐deficient conditions. Some other polypeptides were found to he induced in microsomal fractions either from roots or leaves. Significant variations in the concentration of most of these polypeptides were observed from one experiment to another. It can be concluded from this study that, at this early stage of maize vegetative growth and development, molecular variations induced by iron deficiency do not affect major house‐keeping proteins, but probably affect very specific events depending on low abundance proteins.
Adjunctive glaucoma therapy use associated with travoprost, bimatoprost, and latanoprost (2006)

The use of adjunctive medications to control intraocular pressure was significantly higher for latanoprost patients compared to travoprost and bimatoprost patients. This finding should be interpreted in the context that this study was based only on prescription claims data. It is important to simplify ophthalmic medical regimen as it is more cost effective, better for the patient, and minimizes the washout effect from administering two eye medications within 5 min. Decreasing the complexity of the patients' drug regimen may lead to increased adherence to prescribed therapy and a decreased risk of the incidence of blindness.
Magnetometer and differential carrier phase GPS-aided INS for advanced vehicle control (2003)

This paper describes the design, analysis, implementation, and experimental results of a triple redundancy navigation system incorporating magnetometer, inertial, and carrier phase differential Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The navigation system is able to accurately estimate vehicle attitude (including yaw) as long as the vehicle velocity is not zero. The motivating application was lateral vehicle control for intelligent highway systems. The system was designed to operate reliably whether or not GPS and magnetometer measurements were available. The navigation system provides vehicle position, velocity, acceleration, pitch and roll, yaw, and angular rates at 150 Hz with accuracies (standard deviation) of 2.8 cm, 0.8 cm/s, 2.2 cm/s/s, 0.03/spl deg/, 0.18/spl deg/, and 0.1/spl deg//s. This navigation state vector was processed to produce a control state vector at approximately 30 Hz. This triplicate redundancy navigation system reliably demonstrated lateral vehicle control in the following situations: both GPS and magnetometer aiding the inertial navigation system (INS), GPS-aided INS, magnetometer aided-INS, and switching between GPS and magnetometer aiding of the INS at random times.
Induction of carcinoembryonic antigen secretion and modulation of protein secretion/expression and fibronectin/laminin expression in human colon carcinoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta. (1988)

We have recently reported that TGF-beta induces a response similar to that of planar polar differentiation promoters in human colon carcinoma MOSER cells. N,N-Dimethylformamide and TGF-beta had similar effects on MOSER cells with respect to reversible inhibition of growth (both in monolayer culture and semisolid medium), induction of fibronectin expression and the induction of morphological alterations (Cancer Res., 47:2950-2954, 1987). Since the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been reported to be modulated by planar polar compounds that promote differentiation in colon carcinomas, we addressed the issue of whether the differentiation-like effects of TGF-beta on these cells would also encompass modulation of CEA expression in the MOSER cells. The biological modulating effects of TGF-beta on extracellular matrix glycoprotein expression and the expression and secretion of cellular proteins were also studied in view of the reported modulating effects of this growth factor on untransformed, noncolonic cells. In this communication we report that TGF-beta induced the synthesis of fibronectin and laminin but not collagen IV. TGF-beta also induced CEA secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Elevated CEA secretion was detected following 48 h of TGF-beta treatment and a 16-fold increase in CEA secretion was observed following 7 days of treatment. The cells were committed to secrete CEA following one dose of TGF-beta treatment. The enhanced expression of four cellular proteins (Mr 42,000, Mr 48,000, Mr 52,000, and Mr 55,000) and the enhanced secretion of three proteins (Mr 66,000, Mr 200,000, and Mr 400,000) were also induced. Some of these protein alterations were detected as early as 6-24 h following TGF-beta treatment. It is concluded that TGF-beta modulated the production and secretion of CEA, the synthesis of fibronectin and laminin, and the expression and secretion of several cellular proteins in the colon carcinoma MOSER cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the modulation of CEA and laminin by TGF-beta in tissue-cultured cells, and is the first report on the modulation of cellular proteins by this growth factor in human colon carcinoma cells.
Modification of a neuronal network direction using stepwise photo-thermal etching of an agarose architecture (2004)

Control over spatial distribution of individual neurons and the pattern of neural network provides an important tool for studying information processing pathways during neural network formation. Moreover, the knowledge of the direction of synaptic connections between cells in each neural network can provide detailed information on the relationship between the forward and feedback signaling. We have developed a method for topographical control of the direction of synaptic connections within a living neuronal network using a new type of individual-cell-based on-chip cell-cultivation system with an agarose microchamber array (AMCA). The advantages of this system include the possibility to control positions and number of cultured cells as well as flexible control of the direction of elongation of axons through stepwise melting of narrow grooves. Such micrometer-order microchannels are obtained by photo-thermal etching of agarose where a portion of the gel is melted with a 1064-nm infrared laser beam. Using this system, we created neural network from individual Rat hippocampal cells. We were able to control elongation of individual axons during cultivation (from cells contained within the AMCA) by non-destructive stepwise photo-thermal etching. We have demonstrated the potential of our on-chip AMCA cell cultivation system for the controlled development of individual cell-based neural networks.
Teaching internet literacy to a large and diverse audience (1996)

Very large and diverse audiences pose a variety of problems for lecturers and students alike [l]. This paper presents an approach used in the School of Information Technology at The University of Queensland to teach an Internet literacy course to a diverse student audience. The course provides an introduction to computer networks and teaches students from various university faculties how to effectively use a variety of Internet services. The subject integrates efforts on teaching Internet literacy at the university in order to minimise teaching effort and to maximise quality of teaching. The paper discusses the variety of means deployed in order to provide a flexible, self-directed learning environment for the course. This led to: the inclusion of QUIKF'ro!, a specially developed Computer Based Training package on Internet services and resources; providing easy access to learning materials from campus or from home; and using innovative assessment methods which aim at improving the process and quality of assessment. Assessment was carried out online and used anonymous assessment, peer assessment and criterion-referenced marking.
Effect of Process Temperature on the Sm2Fe17 Alloying Process During a Reduction-Diffusion Process Using Fe Nanopowder (2010)

This study investigated the effect of process temperature on the alloying process during synthesis of Sm2Fe17 powder from ball milled samarium oxide (Sm2O3) powders and a solid reducing agent of calcium hydrides (CaH2) using iron nanopowder (n Fe powder) by a reduction diffusion (R D) process The n Fe Sm2O3 CaH2 mixed powders were subjected to heat treatment at 850 similar to 1100 C in Ar H-2 for 5 h It was found that the iron nanopowders m the mixed powders are smtered below 850 C during the R D process and the SmH2 is synthesized by a reduced Sm that combines with H-2 around 850 C The results showed that SmH2 is able to separate Sm and H-2 respectively depending on an increase in process temperature, and the formed Sm2Fe17 phase on the surface of the smtered Fe nanopowder agglomerated at temperatures of 950 similar to 1100 C in this study The formation of the Sm2Fe17 layer is mainly due to the diffusion reaction of Sm atoms into the mitered Fe nanopowder, which agglomerates above 950 C We concluded that nanoscale Sm2Fe17 powder can be synthesized by controlling the diffusion depth using well dispersed Fe nanopowders
The Clostridium difficile Protease Cwp84 Modulates both Biofilm Formation and Cell-Surface Properties (2015)

Clostridium difficile is responsible for 15-20% of antibiotic-associated diarrheas, and nearly all cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Among the cell wall proteins involved in the colonization process, Cwp84 is a protease that cleaves the S-layer protein SlpA into two subunits. A cwp84 mutant was previously shown to be affected for in vitro growth but not in its virulence in a hamster model. In this study, the cwp84 mutant elaborated biofilms with increased biomass compared with the parental strain, allowing the mutant to grow more robustly in the biofilm state. Proteomic analyses of the 630Δerm bacteria growing within the biofilm revealed the distribution of abundant proteins either in cell surface, matrix or supernatant fractions. Of note, the toxin TcdA was found in the biofilm matrix. Although the overall proteome differences between the cwp84 mutant and the parental strains were modest, there was still a significant impact on bacterial surface properties such as altered hydrophobicity. In vitro and in vivo competition assays revealed that the mutant was significantly impaired for growth only in the planktonic state, but not in biofilms or in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that the phenotypes in the cwp84 mutant come from either the accumulation of uncleaved SlpA, or the ability of Cwp84 to cleave as yet undetermined proteins.
The reactivity of adenosine 5′-O-(S-methyl-1-thiotriphosphate): a facile way of generating cyclo-diphosphate dianion (1989)

Adenosine 5′-O-(S-methyl 1-thiotriphosphate)(1) hydrolyses in [18O] water to give adenosine 5′-O-(S-methyl thiophosphate)(2) and [18O]inorganic pyrophosphate (4) as the major products, together with [18O]inorganic tetraphosphate (5) as a minor product, each of which can be accommodated by a mechanism involving cyclo-diphosphate dianion (3) as an intermediate; the related reaction in anhydrous acetonitrile gives rise to a transient species tentatively assigned to the cyclo-diphosphate.
이타적 욕구 충족 공간으로서의 시민사회 (2010)

육체적 존재로서 인간은 감각적 쾌락을 추구하고 자신의 안전을 보존하며 자신의 유전자를 후세에 전달하려고 한다. 그러므로 인간은 근본적으로 이기적인 존재이다. 그러나 자신의 안전과 풍요를 충족시켜도 인간은 결코 행복해 하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 인간은 정신적 존재이기도 하기 때문이다. 정신적 존재로서 인간은 타자에 대해 관심을 가지고 타자를 위해 기꺼이 책임을...
Design of Disturbance Observer for Track-following Controller of Optical Disk Drive (2001)

Abstract: In this paper, a design guideline of disturbance observer(DOB) for track-following controller is presented. In the track-following control system(TFCS) of optical disk drive(ODD), disturbance rejection is the key issue for the overall performance. DOB gives an excellent advantage of disturbance rejection within its bandwidth determined by a low-pass filter. In general, design of DOB requires a tradeoff between performance and stability, which should be based on quantitative analysis. The external disturbance is well-defined in the frequency domain, which provides the base of the analysis. In addition to a DOB, a proper feedback controller is utilized for guaranteeing overall stability. Some computer simulations and experiments are conducted and some of the results are presented.
Characterization of Enzyme-like activity of human hemoglobin. Properties of the hemoglobin-P-450 reductase-coupled aniline hydroxylase system. (1976)

Human hemoglobin was characterized as an enzyme in a reconstituted aniline hydroxylase system containing hemoglobin, NADPH, rat liver cytochrome P-450 reductase, aniline and atmospheric O2. This system catalyzed p-aminophenol formation (turnover number 0.2 mol/min/mol of hemoglobin) with an efficiency similar to that which has been reported for either microsomal cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome P-450 solubilized from rat liver. The rate of the reaction was linearly dependent on hemoglobin concentration up to approximately 1 nmol of hemoglobin/ml. This linear range of hemoenzyme concentration is also similar to cytochrome P-450-catalyzed reactions. Unlike the cytochrome P-450 system, the hemoglobin system did not require a lipid cofactor for maximal activity, and much less reductase was needed for maximal activity. Aniline displayed typical Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics as substrate, and its Km (8 mM) was the same in the absence of presence of the reductase. Catalase essentially completely inhibited p-aminophenol formation in the absence or presence of reductase. In contrast, superoxide dismutase inhibited the reductase-mediated reaction only to a small extent (if at all). No detectable hydrogen peroxide accumulated during the course of the reaction in the absence of catalase. These findings suggested a hypothetical mechanism for hemoglobin-catalyzed hydroxylation of aniline involving a hemoglobin-bound form of hydrogen peroxide (aniline-Hb3+-OOH-) as an intermediate preceding the rate-determining formation of products.
The Genome of Bacteriophage K1F, a T7-Like Phage That Has Acquired the Ability To Replicate on K1 Strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Bacteriophage K1F specifically infects Escherichia coli strains that produce the K1 polysaccharide capsule. Like several other K1 capsule-specific phages, K1F encodes an endo-neuraminidase (endosialidase) that is part of the tail structure which allows the phage to recognize and degrade the polysaccharide capsule. The complete nucleotide sequence of the K1F genome reveals that it is closely related to bacteriophage T7 in both genome organization and sequence similarity. The most striking difference between the two phages is that K1F encodes the endosialidase in the analogous position to the T7 tail fiber gene. This is in contrast with bacteriophage K1-5, another K1-specific phage, which encodes a very similar endosialidase which is part of a tail gene "module" at the end of the phage genome. It appears that diverse phages have acquired endosialidase genes by horizontal gene transfer and that these genes or gene products have adapted to different genome and virion architectures.