gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the Sperry Univac 1100 series (1978)

The 1100 series systems are Sperry Univac's large-scale mainframe computer systems. Beginning with the 1107 in 1962, the 1100 series has progressed through a succession of eight compatible computer models to the latest system, the 1100/80, introduced in 1977. The 1100 series hardware architecture Is based on a 36-bit word, ones complement structure which obtains one operand from storage and one from a high-speed register, or two operands from high-speed registers. The 1100 Operating System is designed to support a symmetrical multiprocessor configuration simultaneously providing multiprogrammed batch, timesharing, and transaction environments.
Antigen-specific and MHC-restricted <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>-induced human T lymphocyte clones. (1986)

We established and analyzed human T lymphocyte clones induced by crude Plasmodium falciparum antigens of schizont-enriched asexual blood stages. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated for 6 days with antigen, and the T cell blasts were separated and were transferred to limiting dilution cultures with antigen, irradiated PBMC, and recombinant interleukin 2. The following observations were made. Malaria antigen (M.Ag) induced similar proportions of T blasts in PBMC from infected individuals and noninfected controls, and the M.Ag-dependent clone frequencies (1/79 to 1/216) obtained with the blasts were similar. The majority of established clones derived from infected and noninfected subjects specifically recognized M.Ag and would not proliferate in response to red blood cells or autologous PBMC alone. They also required HLA class II determinant-compatible antigen-presenting (E-) cells. With three clones from one malaria patient, DR 1 or DR 5 specificities correlated with antigen presentation. Although T4+ and T8+ blasts were induced by M.Ag in PBMC, only T4 (Leu-3+) clones were obtained in our culture system. These clones secreted IL 2 in response to M.Ag. 4) Differential patterns of reactivity to native M.Ag, heat-stable antigens, and heat-precipitated antigens were exhibited by T cell clones, and the tested clones did not recognize Plasmodium berghei antigen. In conclusion, it is important with regard to previous observations on apparently nonspecific, mitogen-like effects of M.Ag in bulk T cell cultures that our results demonstrate specific recognition of P. falciparum by human T cells. The T cell clones obtained will be an important tool in the quest for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in resistance to malaria infection.
Diamond-based single-photon emitters (2011)

The exploitation of emerging quantum technologies requires efficient fabrication of key building blocks. Sources of single photons are extremely important across many applications as they can serve as vectors for quantum information - thereby allowing long-range (perhaps even global-scale) quantum states to be made and manipulated for tasks such as quantum communication or distributed quantum computation. At the single-emitter level, quantum sources also afford new possibilities in terms of nanoscopy and bio-marking. Color centers in diamond are prominent candidates to generate and manipulate quantum states of light, as they are a photostable solid-state source of single photons at room temperature. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of diamond-based single-photon emitters and highlight their fabrication methodologies. We present the experimental techniques used to characterize the quantum emitters and discuss their photophysical properties. We outline a number of applications including quantum key distribution, bio-marking and sub-diffraction imaging, where diamond-based single emitters are playing a crucial role. We conclude with a discussion of the main challenges and perspectives for employing diamond emitters in quantum information processing
CHERI: a research platform deconflating hardware virtualisation and protection (2012)

Contemporary CPU architectures conflate virtualization and protection,\nimposing virtualization-related performance, programmability,\nand debuggability penalties on software requiring finegrained\nprotection. First observed in micro-kernel research, these\nproblems are increasingly apparent in recent attempts to mitigate\nsoftware vulnerabilities through application compartmentalisation.\nCapability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions (CHERI) extend\nRISC ISAs to support greater software compartmentalisation.\nCHERI’s hybrid capability model provides fine-grained compartmentalisation\nwithin address spaces while maintaining software\nbackward compatibility, which will allow the incremental deployment\nof fine-grained compartmentalisation in both our most trusted\nand least trustworthy C-language software stacks. We have implemented\na 64-bit MIPS research soft core, BERI, as well as a\ncapability coprocessor, and begun adapting commodity software\npackages (FreeBSD and Chromium) to execute on the platform.
Synthesis of Some Novel Substituted Purine Derivatives As Potential Anticancer, Anti‐HIV‐1 and Antimicrobial Agents (2007)

In search of novel purine antimetabolites, a series of 8-substituted methylxanthine derivatives was prepared in order to explore their in vitro anticancer, anti-HIV-1 and antimicrobial activities. The target compounds include: 8-[(3-substituted-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazino]-1,3-dimethyl (or 1,3,7-trimethyl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-diones 5a-e, 8-[(3,4-disubstituted 2,3-dihydrothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazino]-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-diones 6a-d and 8-(5-amino-3-arylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,3-dimethyl- (or 1,3,7-trimethyl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-diones 7a-g. The in vitro anticancer results revealed that compound 5d exhibited a super sensitivity profile towards leukemia K-562 with a GI(50) value of <0.01 microM. Compound 7c showed significant activity against colon cancer HCT-15 and renal cancer CAKI-1 (GI(50) values of 0.47 and 0.78 microM, respectively). Compound 7a displayed high activity against colon cancer HCT-15 (GI(50 )= 0.8 microM). The anti-HIV-1 results indicated that compound 6b displayed a good reduction of viral cytopathic effect (56.69%). The antimicrobial results showed that compound 5a was four times more active than ampicillin against P. aerugenosa (MIC =or< 25 microg/mL), compound 5b had twice the activity of ampicillin, while compounds 5d, 7c and 7f were equipotent to ampicillin. On the other hand, compound 7a was equipotent to ampicillin against P. vulgaris (MIC = 50 microg/mL).
Room Temperature Spalling of Silicon Thin Foils Using a Stress Inducing Epoxy Layer (2014)

The PV industry is strongly committed to reduce costs by reducing solar cell thickness. Considering that more than 50 % of the silicon material is lost in the wafering step, a lower bound limit will prevent from continuing this path. Therefore new approaches are necessary. Although several techniques to produce thin silicon layers rely on weakening a silicon region of an ingot by ion implantation or by a porous layer creation to detach silicon foils of a required thickness, the Stress induced LIft-off Method (SLIM-cut) only needs a simple deposition of a stress inducing layer, followed by thermal processing. In this paper, we present large area (5 x 5 cm2) SLIM-cut foils obtained by cooling at room temperature using an epoxy stress inducing layer during the SUGAR project. Numerical simulations were performed to guide the definition of an optimum geometry. We demonstrate the capability to obtain several thin foils from the same substrate. Residual stress maps of foils are presented, along with measured minority carrier lifetimes. Lifetimes of 200 microseconds were obtained in 130 micron thick foils, giving estimated conversion efficiencies around 20 % using PC1D.
Switching the activity of Cas12a using guide RNA strand displacement circuits (2019)

The CRISPR effector protein Cas12a has been used for a wide variety of applications such as in vivo gene editing and regulation or in vitro DNA sensing. Here, we add programmability to Cas12a-based DNA processing by combining it with strand displacement-based reaction circuits. We first establish a viable strategy for augmenting Cas12a guide RNAs (gRNAs) at their 5' end and then use such 5' extensions to construct strand displacement gRNAs (SD gRNAs) that can be activated by single-stranded RNA trigger molecules. These SD gRNAs are further engineered to exhibit a digital and orthogonal response to different trigger RNA inputs-including full length mRNAs-and to function as multi-input logic gates. We also demonstrate that SD gRNAs can be designed to work inside bacterial cells. Using such in vivo SD gRNAs and a DNase inactive version of Cas12a (dCas12a), we demonstrate logic gated transcriptional control of gene expression in E. coli.
Evidence for a Pressure-Driven Instability in the CTX Spheromak (1988)

Recent improvements in the operation of the CTX spheromak device have produced discharges containing evidence for a pressure-driven instability. The instability leads to a distinct event in the discharge, which can be studied in detail. Data are presented which reasonably discount Taylor relaxation of the current profile as the cause of the event. The critical value of the normalized pressure gradient has been measured and is compared with the Mercier limit.
Inhibition of factor X and factor V activation by dermatan sulfate and a pentasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III in human plasma (1990)

There is evidence that by catalyzing thrombin inhibition, several glycosaminoglycans can inhibit the thrombin-mediated amplification reactions of coagulation and thereby delay prothrombin activation. The two amplification reactions can apparently be catalysed by endogenously generated factor Xa and thrombin. This study provides evidence which suggests that on a molar basis, an agent which can only catalyse thrombin inhibition is approximately 10 times more effective than an agent which can only catalyse factor Xa inhibition in their ability to inhibit intrinsic prothrombin activation. We determined the concentrations of each of heparin, dermatan sulfate and a pentasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III, to delay intrinsic prothrombin activation for at least 15s. Heparin catalyses both thrombin and factor Xa inhibition; dermatan sulfate catalyses only thrombin inhibition, while the pentasaccharide only catalyses factor Xa inhibition. Efficient prothrombin activation, which coincided with both factor X activation and factor V proteolysis, was first observed 45s after CaC12 was added to contact-activated plasma. Heparin (approximately 0.1 microM) prolonged by at least 30 s the time required for the activation of the three clotting factors to begin. The minimum concentrations of the pentasaccharide and dermatan sulfate to delay the activation of prothrombin, factors X and V were approximately 50 microM and approximately 5 microM, respectively. Thus, each anticoagulant could inhibit intrinsic prothrombin activation only when it inhibited activation of both factors X and V. A combination of approximately 5 microM pentasaccharide and approximately 0.05 microM dermatan sulfate similarly delayed the activation of all three clotting factors. Thus, while catalysis of thrombin inhibition is a more effective pathway than catalysis of factor Xa inhibition for delaying prothrombin activation, the simultaneous catalysis of thrombin and factor Xa inhibition can synergistically improve the ability of a sulfated polysaccharide to delay prothrombin activation.
Accessibility of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor and its importance in adenovirus gene transduction efficiency (2011)

Viruses are commonly investigated as vector systems for gene therapy. To be effective, virus-mediated gene-delivery systems require the presence of specific virus receptors to enter the target cell. One example is adenovirus and its primary receptor is the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have become a choice model system for studying CAR and adenovirus infection due to their ability to polarize rapidly into an epithelium with high transepithelial resistance. We show here that, whilst MDCK cells are resistant to adenovirus infection and hence appear functionally CAR-deficient, polarized MDCK cells express significant levels of CAR sequestered on the basolateral surface, where it is inaccessible for virus infection. Thus, although a cell type may be resistant to adenovirus infection, it is impossible to know whether it is due to a deficiency, as both CAR absence and inaccessibility are barriers to adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.
Base modifications affecting RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase fidelity (2018)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is capable of hosting a variety of chemically diverse modifications, in both naturally-occurring post-transcriptional modifications and artificial chemical modifications used to expand the functionality of RNA. However, few studies have addressed how base modifications affect RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase activity and fidelity. Here, we describe the fidelity of RNA synthesis and reverse transcription of modified ribonucleotides using an assay based on Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing. Several modified bases, including methylated (m6A, m5C and m5U), hydroxymethylated (hm5U) and isomeric bases (pseudouridine), were examined. By comparing each modified base to the equivalent unmodified RNA base, we can determine how the modification affected cumulative RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase fidelity. 5-hydroxymethyluridine and N6-methyladenosine both increased the combined error rate of T7 RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptases, while pseudouridine specifically increased the error rate of RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase. In addition, we examined the frequency, mutational spectrum and sequence context of reverse transcription errors on DNA templates from an analysis of second strand DNA synthesis.
Role of Foxp3‐positive regulatory T cells during infection (2008)

Surviving an infection requires the generation of an immune response that controls the invading pathogen while limiting collateral damage to self tissues that may result from an exuberant immune response. Various populations of regulatory cells, including Foxp3+ Treg, have been shown to play a central role in the establishment of these controlled immune responses. In this review, I discuss current hypotheses and points of polemic associated with the origin, mode of action and antigen specificity of Foxp3+ Treg during infection.
<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>15</sup>N assignments and secondary structure of the FK506 binding protein when bound to ascomycin (1993)

Abstract The 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N resonances of FKBP when bound to the immunosuppressant, ascomycin, were assigned using a computer‐aided analysis of heteronuclear double and triple resonance three‐dimensional nmr spectra of [U‐ 15 N] FKBP/ascomycin and [U‐ 15 N, 13 C] FKBP/ascomycin. In addition, from a preliminary analysis of two heteronuclear four‐dimensional data sets, 3 J coupling constants, amide exchange data, and the differences between the C α and C β chemical shifts of FKBP to random coil values, the secondary structure of FKBP when bound to ascomycin was determined. The secondary structure of FKBP when bound to ascomycin in solution closely resembled the x‐ray structure of the FKBP/FK506 complex but differed in some aspects from the structure of uncomplexed FKBP in solution. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A preliminary design of a phonetic vocoder based on a diphone model (2005)

We report on the initial development of a phonetic vocoder operating at 100 b/s. With each phoneme, the vocoder transmits the duration and a single pitch value. The synthesizer uses a large inventory of diphone templates to synthesize a desired phoneme string. To determine a phoneme string from input speech, the analyzer takes into account the synthesis model by using the same inventory of diphone templates, augmented by additional diphone templates to account for alternate pronunciations. The phoneme string is chosen to minimize the difference between the diphone templates and the input speech according to a distance measure.
Excellent Scalability Including Self-Heating Phenomena of Vertical-Channel Field-Effect-Diode (FED) Type Capacitorless One Transistor DRAM Cell (2013)

2013 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Excellent Scalability Including Self-Heating Phenomena of Vertical-Channel Field-Effect-Diode (FED) Type Capacitorless One Transistor DRAM Cell
Visualizing Indicators of Rootkit Infections in Memory Forensics (2013)

Research in the area of memory forensics has been flourishing over the last years, and powerful analysis frameworks such as Volatility have been developed. While these frameworks permit examining a forensic memory snapshot in great detail, they mainly aim at experienced investigators with a thorough knowledge of operating system internals. On the other hand, result correlation and interpretation is especially demanding for personnel with only marginal forensic expertise as they are often found in IT departments of smaller- and medium-sized enterprises. This task becomes even more challenging when attempting to detect traces of sophisticated malicious applications such as rootkits. In this paper, we present rkfinder, a plug-in for the well-known forensic framework DFF, that integrates major capabilities of Volatility into an intuitive and easy-to-use graphical user interface. Rkfinder generates an abstract, tree-like view of the system state, implements checks that are capable of revealing inconsistencies, and automatically highlights suspicious objects that may indicate the presence of a threat. Thereby, potential sources of a system infection are better visible and can be better addressed in the course of incident response.
Endothelial α <sub>ν</sub> β <sub>3</sub> Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis (2006)

This study illustrates the potential of combined molecular imaging and drug delivery with targeted nanoparticles to noninvasively define atherosclerotic burden, to deliver effective targeted drug at a fraction of previous levels, and to quantify local response to treatment.
Embankment Protection Method Against Overflow by Flood in Reservoir (2013)

본 연구에서는 원심모형실험기를 이용하여 강원도 강릉시 소재 장현 저수지의 축소 모형에 대하여 월류 시 제체의 붕괴 거동 특성을 파악하고, 제체보호공법을 고찰하였다. 원심모형실험 시 모형 단면은 1/50로 축소하여 축조하였고 LVDT, 간극수압계를 설치한 후 월류시험을 수행하였다. 월류시험은 차수매트 보강방법에 따라 미설치 시, 상류사면 및 제정부근 설치 시, 상하류 사면 전체 설치 시 등으로 나누어 수행되었다. 원심모형실험 결과 차수매트 설치 시 제체의 세굴과 토사의 유출을 방지할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 특히 차수매트의 보강을 최소한으로 한 상류사면 및 제정부근 설치 시에 하류사면의 유실은 불가피하게 발생하지만 상 하류방향으로 발생되는 제체의 절단은 막을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 자치단체 소관 소규모 저수지에서 집중호우로 인한 월류 상황 발생을 사전에 예측하여 제체보호공법을 적용한다면 우기 시 빈번하게 발생하던 저수지 붕괴 사고는 막을 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. In this study, the failure behavior of a levee under overflow conditions was investigated by conducting centrifuge tests on a small scale model for the Janghyun levee in Kangrung, Kangwon-do, and based on the test results a levee protection method using waterproof mat was proposed. The model levees were constructed by scaling down the prototype levee to 1:50, where LVDT and pore-pressure sensors were installed to monitor the behavior of the levees during overflow. Overflow tests were carried out in three different conditions depending on where the waterproof mat was installed; 1) no waterproof mat, 2) installed in upper slope and crest of the levee, 3) installed in the entire levee. The centrifuge test results indicated that the application of the waterproof mat reduced erosion and soil loss in the levee. Especially, it was found that under overflow, the levee breach could be avoided with the waterproof mat installed in upper slope and crest only, although soil loss occurred in downstream slope inevitably. It is expected that levee failures occurred frequently in rainy season may be effectively prevented by using waterproof mat if overflow of levee due to heavy rains is well predicted in advance.
Bromination of some pyridine and diazine N-oxides (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination of some pyridine and diazine N-oxidesWilliam W. Paudler and Misa V. JovanovicCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 7, 1064–1069Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00155a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00155a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3877Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of the large hepatitis B virus envelope protein in infectivity of the hepatitis delta virion (1993)

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is coated with large (L), middle (M), and small (S) envelope proteins encoded by coinfecting hepatitis B virus (HBV). To study the role of the HBV envelope proteins in the assembly and infectivity of HDV, we produced three types of recombinant particles in Huh7 cells by transfection with HBV DNA and HDV cDNA: (i) particles with an envelope containing the S HBV envelope protein only, (ii) particles with an envelope containing S and M proteins, and (iii) particles with an envelope containing S, M, and L proteins. Although the resulting S-, SM-, and SML-HDV particles contained both hepatitis delta antigen and HDV RNA, only particles coated with all three envelope proteins (SML) showed evidence of infectivity in an in vitro culture system susceptible to HDV infection. We concluded that the L HBV envelope protein, and more specifically the pre-S1 domain, is important for infectivity of HDV particles and that the M protein, which has been reported to bear a site for binding to polymerized albumin in the pre-S2 domain, is not sufficient for infectivity. Our data also show that the helper HBV is not required for initiation of HDV infection. The mechanism by which the L protein may affect HDV infectivity is discussed herein.