gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Light Output of AlGaInP Light Emitting Diodes Using an Indium–Zinc Oxide Transparent Conduction Layer and Electroplated Metal Substrate (2010)

The use of indium–zinc oxide (IZO) as a transparent conduction layer (TCL) for electroplated nickel metal substrate AlGaInP light-emitting diodes with a 300×300 µm2 chip size was investigated with regard to both fabrication and effectiveness in improving light extraction efficiency. A metal system consisting of AuGe/Au was deposited to form ohmic contact dots for the n+-GaAs layer, and then an IZO film was deposited to serve as a TCL. Compared with conventional light emitting diodes (LEDs) with GaAs substrates, the proposed LEDs show an increase in light output power (i.e., ΔLop/Lop) by 116.7% at 20 mA and 168.9% at 100 mA.
Early effects of gliadin on enterocyte intracellular signalling involved in intestinal barrier function (2003)

Gliadin induces zonulin release in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Activation of the zonulin pathway by PKC mediated cytoskeleton reorganisation and tight junction opening leads to a rapid increase in intestinal permeability.
Recombination between a defective retrovirus and homologous sequences in host DNA: reversion by patch repair (1985)

The genomes of mammalian species contain multiple copies of sequences homologous to exogenous retroviruses. When a mutant retrovirus carrying a lethal deletion in an essential viral gene was introduced into mammalian cells, revertant viruses appeared and spread throughout the culture. Analysis of one such revertant showed that the mutation had been repaired by homologous recombination with endogenous sequences. Our results suggest that defective retroviruses can draw upon the genetic complement of the host cell to repair lesions in viral genes.
Low-voltage triode sputtering with a confined plasma. Part II: Plasma characteristics and energy transport (1975)

The plasma characteristics of a triode low-voltage sputtering (LVS) system have been measured. The current–voltage relationships in the confined plasma discharge, of the target and of the substrate table, have been investigated as a function of pressure for Ar and Xe, with and without an axial magnetic field. The power dissipation and steady-state temperature at the target and substrate table were also measured as a function of operating conditions. From these measurements the plasma potential and target current densities could be deduced. The application of these results to sputter deposition is considered.
A study of aerosol entrapment and the influence of wind speed, chamber design and foam density on polyurethane foam passive air samplers used for persistent organic pollutants (2009)

Polyurethane foam disks are a cheap and versatile tool for sampling persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the air in ambient, occupational and indoor settings. This study provides important background information on the ways in which the performance of these commonly used passive air samplers may be influenced by the key environmental variables of wind speed and aerosol entrapment. Studies were performed in the field, a wind tunnel and with microscopy techniques, to investigate deployment conditions and foam density influence on gas phase sampling rates (not obtained in this study) and aerosol trapping. The study showed: wind speed inside the sampler is greater on the upper side of the sampling disk than the lower side and tethered samplers have higher wind speeds across the upper and lower surfaces of the foam disk at a wind speed > or = 4 m/s; particles are trapped on the foam surface and within the body of the foam disk; fine (<1 um) particles can form clusters of larger size inside the foam matrix. Whilst primarily designed to sample gas phase POPs, entrapment of particles ensures some 'sampling' of particle bound POPs species, such as higher molecular weight PAHs and PCDD/Fs. Further work is required to investigate how quantitative such entrapment or 'sampling' is under different ambient conditions, and with different aerosol sizes and types.
Sub-threshold excitation of luminescence of defects in diamond (2005)

Optically active defects in diamond can be excited by photons with an energy less than that of the zero-phonon transition. We show that this process is thermally activated. For diamonds in which one type of defect is dominant, the activation energy is equal to the energy difference between the zero-phonon line and the photons used for excitation.
3-D stacked active layers and vertical gate NAND flash string with single-crystal Si channel by adopting Si/SiGe selective etch process (2010)

In this work, we propose high-density 3-D stacked NAND flash memory structure which has crystalline body stacks. We found the cross-talk between adjacent bodies in a body stack could be a severe problem for the first time. We analyzed the cross-talk and proposed a method to suppress the cross-talk. Key characteristics of proposed structure are investigated by using 3-D TCAD simulation tool.
Métallurgie du zinc (2010)

Le zinc se place aujourd’hui au troisième rang des métaux non ferreux. Matériau ancien, le minerai de fer a longtemps contribué à la fabrication d’alliages de bronze et de laiton, avant d’être employé pour ses propriétés protectrices, puis ensuite dans la réalisation de toitures, gouttières et mobilier urbain. Avec le développement de l’automobile, il a été utilisé après guerre pour la galvanisation des carrosseries. Aujourd’hui, l’industrialisation du monde moderne a favorisé l’augmentation de la consommation en zinc (transport, infrastructure, bâtiment, équipement industriel), grandement apprécié pour ses propriétés chimiques, notamment son caractère fortement réducteur.
GELU-Net: A Globally Encrypted, Locally Unencrypted Deep Neural Network for Privacy-Preserved Learning (2018)

Privacy is a fundamental challenge for a variety of smart applications that depend on data aggregation and collaborative learning across different entities. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserved architecture where clients can collaboratively train a deep model while preserving the privacy of each client’s data. Our main strategy is to carefully partition a deep neural network to two non-colluding parties. One party performs linear computations on encrypted data utilizing a less complex homomorphic cryptosystem, while the other executes non-polynomial computations in plaintext but in a privacy-preserved manner. We analyze security and compare the communication and computation complexity with the existing approaches. Our extensive experiments on different datasets demonstrate not only stable training without accuracy loss, but also 14 to 35 times speedup compared to the state-of-the-art system.
A Comparative Study of the Cold-Sensitivity of Pyruvate,P<sub>i</sub> Dikinase in <italic>Flaveria</italic> Species (1990)

Pyruvate,Pi dikinase (PPDK) was isolated and purified from the leaf tissue of a number of Flaveria species and the cold lability of the purified enzymes studied. The PPDK from F. brownii (a C3/C4 intermediate species) showed a high level of stability compared to other Flaveria species.
Engineering of a Heparin-Binding Growth Factor with Heparan Sulfate Sugar Chains. (2001)

糖鎖を利用した糖タンパク質リモデリングにはいろいろな手法がある。本稿では、相互作用の重要性が明らかな糖鎖と機能タンパク質を一体化することで機能修飾を図り、ヘパラン硫酸糖鎖を同一分子中に有するヘパリン結合性増殖因子 (繊維芽細胞増殖因子: FGF) を作成した例を紹介する。この計画の背景には、FGFが細胞表面の受容体を活性化して細胞内にシグナルを伝達するためには、細胞表面のプロテオグリカンが持つヘパラン硫酸糖鎖やヘパリンとの相互作用が必須であるという生物学上の発見がある。シンデカンのグリコサミノグリカン (GAG) 糖鎖付加部位を含む一部分をFGF-1のN-末端に接続したキメラ分子 (PG-FGF-1) をデザインしてcDNAを作成し、これを培養動物細胞で発現したところ、このキメラ分子はGAG糖鎖の修飾を受けて培地中に分泌された。得られた分子の一画分は、ヘパラン硫酸を持たないFGF受容体発現細胞を活性化しDNA合成を促進した。さらに、FGFの臨床適用とされる潰瘍などの炎症環境を模倣した条件下で、この分子は分解を免れるだけでなく、糖鎖の部分分解によると考えられる活性の向上が認められた。このように糖鎖機能をも多面的に包含した人工糖タンパク質が創製された。同様の方法は他のヘパリン結合性タンパク質へも応用できると考えられ、相互作用する糖鎖を用いたタンパク質リモデリングというアプローチの有効性を示したと考える。
Integrated resource allocation in heterogeneous SAN data centers (2007)

Modern data centers are complex distributed environments with application workloads requiring multiple resources like processing (CPU), storage and network. Allocation of these resources to workloads needs to be handled in an integrated manner to adequately capture the relationships between different resource nodes like connectivity between an application server and storage controller in the storage area network (SAN). As data centers grow over time, heterogeneous resources coexist at the same time and this heterogeneity adds further complexity to manual resource allocation.
Pseudotumor from Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty Causing Unilateral Leg Edema: Case Presentation and Literature Review (2018)

Metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be associated with adverse metal reactions, including pseudotumors. This case report describes a 58-year-old female with an MoM THA-related pseudotumor that caused unilateral leg edema from compression of her external iliac vein. After thorough preoperative workup to rule out infection and deep vein thrombosis and consultation with a vascular surgeon, the patient underwent revision THA and excision of her pseudotumor. She had complete resolution of her swelling at 4 years after surgery. Review of all available case reports for this rare complication revealed that almost all patients were female. All patients underwent revision THA, with resolution of their symptoms. Literature review demonstrates that women are disproportionally affected by complications associated with MoM THA. We recommend close monitoring of patients with MoM THA, particularly women, for development of adverse metal reactions.
Cytotoxic T Cells Are the Predominant Players Providing Cross-Protective Immunity Induced by γ-Irradiated Influenza A Viruses (2010)

We previously demonstrated that a single dose of nonadjuvanted intranasal gamma-irradiated influenza A virus can provide robust protection in mice against both homologous and heterosubtypic challenges, including challenge with an H5N1 avian virus strain. We investigated the mechanism behind the observed cross-protection to define which arms of the adaptive immune response are involved in mediating this protection. Studies with gene knockout mice showed the cross-protective immunity to be mediated mainly by T cells and to be dependent on the cytolytic effector molecule perforin. Adoptive transfer of memory T cells from immunized mice, but not of memory B cells, protected naïve recipients against lethal heterosubtypic influenza virus challenge. Furthermore, gamma-irradiated influenza viruses induced cross-reactive Tc-cell responses but not cross-neutralizing or cross-protective antibodies. In addition, histological analysis showed reduced lung inflammation in vaccinated mice compared to that in unvaccinated controls following heterosubtypic challenge. This reduced inflammation was associated with enhanced early recruitment of T cells, both CD4(+) and CD8(+), and with early influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses. Therefore, cross-protective immunity induced by vaccination with gamma-irradiated influenza A virus is mediated mainly by Tc-cell responses.
AES and XPS characterization of SiN <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> layers (1993)

Abstract The properties of SiN x layers are largely influenced by their composition and the chemical state of the constituents. In the present study SiN x layers obtained by plasma‐enhanced and low‐pressure chemical desorption methods were characterized by AES and XPS. In the case of the most frequently applied AES characterization, the peak shape and position of the Si LVV line largely depend on the measurement parameters. In order to derive optimum conditions to minimize these effects, the energies and intensity ratios of Si LVV and N KLL peaks were examined in a wide range of AES measurement parameters: a primary electron energy of 1.0–5.0 keV and a current of 0.1–5.0 μA; sputtering conditions are: Ar + ion energy of 0.5–3.0 keV and a current of 0.3–1.1 μA. It is clearly demonstrated that both the composition (si/N ratio) and the chemical state of silicon are affected by the applied parameters. Also, the response of the two types of layers to Ar + ion energy showed a marked difference. As a result, optimized conditions are proposed for AES characterization. The quantitative analysis of the layers was performed by XPS. Corrected sensitivity factors for Si LVV, Si KLL and O KVV are evaluated on the basis of XPS data. It can be stated that the low‐energy Si LVV peak is more sensitive to the conditions of the measuring parameters than the high‐energy Si KLL peak, whereas the N KLL peak showed neither a significant energy shift nor a shape change.
Social-media-based risk communication for data co-security on the cloud (2019)

Purpose Cloud computing has disrupted the information technology (IT) industry. Associated benefits such as flexibility, payment on an on-demand basis and the lack of no need for IT staff are among the reasons for its adoption. However, these services represent not only benefits to users but also threats, with cybersecurity issues being the biggest roadblock to cloud computing success. Although ensuring data security on the cloud has been the responsibility of providers, these threats seem to be unavoidable. In such circumstances, both providers and users have to coordinate efforts to minimize negative consequences that might occur from these events. The purpose of this paper is to assess how providers and users can rely on social media to communicate risky events. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Situational Theory of Publics and trust, the authors developed three research questions to analyze stakeholders’ communication patterns after a security breach. By gathering Twitter data, the authors analyzed the data security breach faced by the Premera Blue Cross’ Web application. Findings The results indicate that Premera acted as the main source of information for Twitter users, while trustworthy actors such as IT security firms, specialists and local news media acted as intermediaries, creating small communities around them. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. Originality/value Social media could be used for diffusing information of potential threats; no research has assessed its usage in a cloud-based security breach context. The study aims to fill this gap and propose a framework to engage cloud users in co-securing their data along with cloud providers when they face similar situations.
An asymmetrical half-bridge active DC filter for industrial drive systems using multipulse utility rectifiers with harmonic reducing input transformers (2003)

The operation of parallel-connected multi-pulse 3-phase rectifiers are described that use isolating and also non-isolating multi-winding input transformers. The performance of these rectifiers are analysed with unbalanced transformer output voltages and inductances. The rectifier operation is more sensitive to these imbalances the larger the number of parallel bridges used. Auto-transformers require inter-phase blocking reactors to balance the rectifier input currents. A multi-pulse PWM asymmetrical half-bridge DC filter is examined that can be used to balance the rectifier currents under unbalanced supply conditions and and when using an auto-transformer. The power electronics can be rated at less than 20% voltage and make the matching of the transformer output voltage and inductance non-critical. When using auto-transformers, interphase blocking inductors can also be eliminated. This paper describes the unipolar PWM switching control technique for the asymmetrical half-bridge in an 18-pulse diode rectifier and discusses the bridge voltage ratings.
Review of Photonic Integrated Optical Phased Arrays for Space Optical Communication (2020)

A review of photonic integrated optical phased array (OPA) for space optical communication is presented. We review and summarize the typical works of the photonic integrated OPAs with one-dimensional and two-dimensional optical antenna array in recent years. The basic components of the photonic integrated OPA are introduced separately, including optical coupler, optical power division network, phase shifter, and optical antenna. In addition, the configuration of the optical antenna array and the control circuit are introduced for OPA beam steering. The basic principle and experiment setup for testing the radiation properties of the OPA are presented. A proof-of-concept nonuniform silicon integrated OPA with 64 antennas is designed and a one-dimensional beam steering range of 28° is achieved with beam width of about 0.25°. The challenges and development trends of large-scale integrated OPA chip applied in space optical communication are also discussed.
Potassium ion exchanged glass waveguide directional couplers at 06328 and 13 μm (1989)

We describe the fabrication and waveguiding characteristics of potassium ion exchanged single-mode glass couplers at 1.3 and 0.6328 microm.
Calibrating Detailed Building Energy Simulation Programs with Measured Data—Part II: Application to Three Case Study Office Buildings (RP-1051) (2007)

The companion paper proposed a general methodology of calibrating detailed building energy simulation programs to performance data that also allowed the determination of the prediction uncertainty of intended energy conservation measures. The methodology strived to provide a measure of scientific rigor to the process of calibration as a whole, which has remained an art form with no clear consensus guidelines despite being followed by numerous professionals for several decades. The proposed methodology, while providing a clear structure consistent with that adopted in more mature scientific fields, also uses expert domain knowledge and is flexible enough to satisfy different users with different personal preferences and biases. This paper attests to the overall validity of the methodology by presenting the results of applying it to three case study office buildings—two synthetic and one actual. Conclusions on various variants of the overall calibration methodology are presented, along with guidelines and a summary of lessons learned on how to implement such a calibration methodology. Future research needed prior to implementation in commercial hourly detailed simulation programs is also identified.
Selective Vulnerability of Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Ca2+ Transfer from Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria (2016)

In the absence of low-level ER-to-mitochondrial Ca(2+) transfer, ATP levels fall, and AMPK-dependent, mTOR-independent autophagy is induced as an essential survival mechanism in many cell types. Here, we demonstrate that tumorigenic cancer cell lines, transformed primary human fibroblasts, and tumors in vivo respond similarly but that autophagy is insufficient for survival, and cancer cells die while their normal counterparts are spared. Cancer cell death is due to compromised bioenergetics that can be rescued with metabolic substrates or nucleotides and caused by necrosis associated with mitotic catastrophe during their proliferation. Our findings reveal an unexpected dependency on constitutive Ca(2+) transfer to mitochondria for viability of tumorigenic cells and suggest that mitochondrial Ca(2+) addiction is a feature of cancer cells.
The Novel Chk1 Inhibitor MK-8776 Sensitizes Human Leukemia Cells to HDAC Inhibitors by Targeting the Intra-S Checkpoint and DNA Replication and Repair (2013)

Interactions between the novel Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (HDACI) vorinostat were examined in human leukemia cells harboring wild-type (wt) or deficient p53. MK-8776 synergistically potentiated vorinostat-mediated apoptosis in various p53-wt or -deficient leukemia cell lines, whereas p53 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sensitized p53-wt cells to lethality of this regimen. Leukemia cell lines carrying FLT3-ITD were also sensitive to the MK-8776/vorinostat regimen. Synergistic interactions were associated with inhibition of Chk1 activity, interference with the intra-S-phase checkpoint, disruption of DNA replication, and downregulation of proteins involved in DNA replication (e.g., Cdt1) and repair (e.g., CtIP and BRCA1), resulting in sharp increases in DNA damage, reflected by enhanced γ-H2A.X formation, and apoptosis. Moreover, leukemia cells expressing kinase-dead Chk1 (D130A) or Chk1 shRNA were significantly more sensitive to HDACIs compared with their wt counterparts and displayed downregulation of CtIP and BRCA1 phosphorylation following HDACI exposure. Finally, the MK-8776/vorinostat regimen was active in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts, particularly against the CD34(+)/CD38(-)/CD123(+) population enriched for leukemia-initiating cells. In contrast, identical regimens were relatively sparing toward normal cord blood CD34(+) cells. Together, these findings indicate that the novel Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 markedly potentiates HDACI lethality in leukemia cells displaying various genetic backgrounds through mechanisms involving disruption of the intra-S checkpoint, DNA replication, and DNA repair. They also argue that leukemic cells, including those bearing oncogenic mutations associated with poor prognosis, for example, p53 deletion/mutation or FLT3-ITD, may also be susceptible to this strategy.
Neurologic Recovery After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (1983)

A retrospective cohort study of the neurologic sequelae of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was done using 459 consecutive patients resuscitated and admitted to a teaching hospital over 10 years. Awakening was defined as having comprehensible speech or following commands. One hundred and eighty patients (39%) never awakened and 279 (61%) awakened, 188 without and 91 with persistent neurologic deficits. Fifty-nine patients had cognitive deficits and 32 patients had motor and cognitive deficits. Patients who did not awaken died, with a median survival of 3.5 days. The longer a patient survived without awakening, the smaller the probability of ever awakening and awakening without deficits. Fourteen patients awakening after 4 days had some deficits, and after 14 days six had severe deficits. Neurologic sequelae of cardiac arrest are common and related to awakening. The probability of future awakening and neurologic sequelae for patients not awake at specific times after cardiac arrest can be estimated.
Dysregulation of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone System by Steroids in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2017)

In GCs from women with PCOS, the regulation of AMH and AMHR2 expression is altered in a way that promotes the overexpression of the AMH/AMHR2 system, and could contribute to the follicular arrest observed in these patients.
Esquemas, atribuciones y actitudes sobre la pobreza en la comunidad La García (Bello-Antioquia) (2005)

En este articulo se realiza la presentacion del estudio sobre cognicion social, en el cual se identificaron los esquemas sociales, las atribuciones y las actitudes de las personas de la comunidad La Garcia en el municipio de Bello con respecto a la pobreza. Se utilizo un diseno cualitativo de investigacion que permitio realizar multiples interpretaciones sobre este fenomeno. Se determino que la concepcion que tienen de la pobreza esta basada en sus esquemas, llegando a definirla principalmente desde la falta de ingresos para cubrir unas necesidades basicas; manifiestan actitudes positivas y negativas frente a su situacion que influyen en sus conductas; y atribuyen la pobreza tanto a factores internos y externos caracterizados por ser no controlables y globales. En conclusion, la cognicion social que tienen sobre la pobreza les impide buscar alternativas de solucion a nivel comunitario, incluso no examinan posibilidades para modificar su situacion, convirtiendose esto en uno de los principales factores de mantenimiento de la pobreza.