gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
antiSMASH 2.0—a versatile platform for genome mining of secondary metabolite producers (2013)

Microbial secondary metabolites are a potent source of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. Genome mining of their biosynthetic gene clusters has become a key method to accelerate their identification and characterization. In 2011, we developed antiSMASH, a web-based analysis platform that automates this process. Here, we present the highly improved antiSMASH 2.0 release, available at http://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/. For the new version, antiSMASH was entirely re-designed using a plug-and-play concept that allows easy integration of novel predictor or output modules. antiSMASH 2.0 now supports input of multiple related sequences simultaneously (multi-FASTA/GenBank/EMBL), which allows the analysis of draft genomes comprising multiple contigs. Moreover, direct analysis of protein sequences is now possible. antiSMASH 2.0 has also been equipped with the capacity to detect additional classes of secondary metabolites, including oligosaccharide antibiotics, phenazines, thiopeptides, homo-serine lactones, phosphonates and furans. The algorithm for predicting the core structure of the cluster end product is now also covering lantipeptides, in addition to polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides. The antiSMASH ClusterBlast functionality has been extended to identify sub-clusters involved in the biosynthesis of specific chemical building blocks. The new features currently make antiSMASH 2.0 the most comprehensive resource for identifying and analyzing novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms.
Impact of Printing Additional Inks on Multicolor Reproduction with Liquid Electrophotography Toner (2013)

In terms of increasing quality of reproduction there is sometimes a need to print additional spot inks together with the standard CMYK inks. One of the digital printing techniques that can achieve that is the liquid toner electrophotography. Modern printing machines that work on the principle of liquid toner electrophotography include an additional spot ink printing option. In this paper the impact of additional spot colour printing on a 4-colored reproduction will be analyzed, and by using spectrophotometric test a possible increase in quality will be defined. It is necessary to define how additional spot colours affect the reproduction of full tones, screening surfaces (CIEΔE, gamut reproduction) and how the printing substrate affects the final reproduction.
Plasma Concentrations of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (2005)

This study suggests the hemodynamic implications of BNP in acute ischemic patients.
Strongly Fluorescent Organogel System Comprising Fibrillar Self-Assembly of a Trifluoromethyl-Based Cyanostilbene Derivative (2004)

The entangled fibrillar structure and its strong fluorescence emission have been observed in a novel class of organogel systems consisting of a CF3-based pi-conjugated organogelator.
Deterministic Reservoir Simulation Approach for Targeting New Wells in a Reefal Mature Field (1999)

Abstract The Ras Fanar Field is a Reefal Limestone of the Miocene age. It is characterized by high porosity and permeability with random local hetroginities. The field undergoes a strong acquifer support with a developing secondary gas cap which together with the variations in field lithology results in a very un-uniform fluid movement. Water coning and gas channeling took place in different wells at different parts of the field which disturbed the field production, and created unequally depleted areas that can result in spots of bypassed oil. A multidisciplinary study was therefore conducted to have a better field understanding, and simulate the fluid movement in the reservoir to optimize the drainage pattern, and maximize recovery. The work initially required the preparation of a firm database for various fluids movement. A successive set of maps was then constructed that defined precisely each fluid movement. The water level map was built to trace the rise of the OWC at different parts of the field. It showed areas of severe water coning, and those of homogeneous water rise. Similarly a gas level map was constructed showing the extension of the developing secondary gas cap across the field. Using both water and gas level maps, together with the structure contour map, an integrated composite map was constructed. A thorough interpretation of this map, finally leads to the oil leg map. The oil leg map simulated the current reservoir status. It clearly revealed areas of extensive depletion, and those of high oil potential that were candidates for new infill wells. The work has been confirmed by a reservoir simulation study conducted later, which gave similar potential areas. The work integrity was finally confirmed by drilling four infill wells in those areas that proved to be a complete success. In summary the work was conducted in about three months time. It has been the result of a close co-operation of multidisciplines including (engineers, production geologists, geophysicists etc..) which resulted in an integrated plan for efficient field development.
Hierarchical credit allocation in a classifier system (1987)

Learning systems which engage in sequential activity face the problem of properly allocating credit to steps or actions which make possible later steps that result in environmental payoff. In the classifier systems studied by Holland and others, credit is allocated by means of a algorithm through which, over time, environmental payoff in effect Bows back to classifiers which take early, stage-setting actions. The algorithm has advantages of simplicity and locality, but may not adequately reinforce long action sequences. We suggest an alternative form for the algorithm and the system's operating principles designed to induce behavioral hierarchies in which modularity of the hierarchy would keep all bucket-brigade chains short, thus more reinforceable and more rapidly learned, but overall action sequences could be long.
Composite Energy Storage System using dynamic energy management in microgrid applications (2010)

Renewable energy based micro grids are a better way of utilizing renewable power and reduce the usage of fossil fuels. Usage of energy storage becomes mandatory, when such micro-grids are used to supply quality power to the loads. However, it is difficult to meet the various needs from both the source and the load. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like PV demands usage of storage with high energy density. At the same time, quick fluctuation of load demands storage with high power density. This paper proposes a Composite Energy Storage System (CESS) which contains both high energy density and high power density storages to meet the above mentioned requirements. The proposed power converter configuration and the energy management scheme can actively share the power flow among the different energy storages. Results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Prostaglandin E2 enhances Th17 responses <i>via</i> modulation of IL‐17 and IFN‐γ production by memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (2009)

The contribution of Th1 and Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory conditions leading to autoimmunity remains highly controversial. In inflamed tissues, production of prostaglandins by COX-2 has been proposed to favor Th17 responses indirectly by increasing IL-23 and blocking IL-12 release from APC. We report here that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can directly modulate cytokine production by human memory CD4(+) T cells. TCR triggering in the presence of PGE2 increased IL-17 and reduced IFN-gamma production by freshly isolated memory T cells or T-cell clones. PGE2 triggered the EP2 and EP4 receptors expressed on T cells leading to a rapid increase of retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor-gammat (ROR-gammat) and decrease of T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor 21 (T-bet) mRNA. Moreover, PGE2 promoted the selective enrichment of IL-17-producing cells by differentially modulating the proliferation of memory T-cell subsets in vitro. Taken together our results indicate that T-cell effector function is a direct target for PGE2 modulation and suggest a novel mechanism by which inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, such as COX-2 inhibitors, exert their anti-inflammatory effect.
Barricading U.S. Borders Against a Devastating Disease (2001)

FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASEDULLES AIRPORT, VIRGINIA-- U.S. officials are stepping up efforts to keep out foot-and-mouth disease, which infects all cloven-hoofed animals and is one of the most contagious diseases on Earth. But given the global economics of modern farming, in which the direct and indirect costs of vaccines often make it cheaper to stamp out disease outbreaks than to prevent them, some experts believe it is only a matter of time until the virus reaches the United States.
Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> from Thailand (2007)

Campylobacter jejuni CG8486, which belongs to the HS4 complex, was isolated from a patient with inflammatory diarrhea in Thailand. This strain caused a diarrheal disease in ferrets comparable to that caused by C. jejuni strain 81-176, but it was much less invasive for epithelial cells in vitro than 81-176. Complete genome sequencing of CG8486 revealed a 1.65-Mb genome that was very similar to the other two published genomes of clinical isolates of C. jejuni, the genomes of 81-176 and NCTC 11168, with a limited number of CG8486-specific genes mapping outside the hypervariable carbohydrate biosynthesis loci. These data suggest that the genes required for induction of inflammatory diarrhea are among the genes shared by CG8486 and 81-176 but that either major changes in the carbohydrate loci and/or more subtle changes in other genes may modulate virulence.
Disparate Intracellular Processing of Human IL-12 Preprotein Subunits: Atypical Processing of the P35 Signal Peptide (2000)

IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine produced by APC that critically regulates cell-mediated immunity. Because of its crucial function during immune responses, IL-12 production is stringently regulated, in part through transcriptional control of its p35 subunit, which requires the differentiative effects of IFN-gamma for expression. To determine whether post-transcriptional aspects of IL-12 production might be regulated, we examined intracellular protein processing of each subunit. We report here that p40 and p35 subunits are processed by disparate pathways. Whereas processing of p40 conforms to the cotranslational model of signal peptide removal concomitant with translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), processing of p35 does not. Translocation of the p35 preprotein into the ER was not accompanied by cleavage of the signal peptide; rather, removal of the p35 signal peptide occurred via two sequential cleavages. The first cleavage took place within the ER, and the cleavage site localized to the middle of the hydrophobic region of the signal peptide. Although the preprotein was glycosylated upon entry into the ER, its glycosylation status did not affect primary cleavage. Subsequently, the remaining portion of the p35 signal peptide was removed by a second cleavage, possibly involving a metalloprotease, concomitant with additional glycosylation and secretion. Secretion could be inhibited by mutation of the second cleavage site or by inhibition of glycosylation with tunicamycin. In contrast, p40 secretion was not affected by inhibition of glycosylation. Our findings demonstrate that IL-12 subunits are processed by disparate pathways and suggest new modalities for regulation of IL-12 production.
Titanium Alloys Handbook (1972)

This handbook represents the third edition of an earlier document. The first and second both entitled 'Aircraft Designer's Handbook on Titanium and Titanium Alloys' were published in August 1965 and March 1967, respectively. Information presented in the handbook was obtained from many sources. Those cooperating included Government agencies, the titanium producers, airframe and engine companies, and many others. The practice of referencing these various sources has been followed in all sections of the handbook. The information is representative of good engineering practice even though actual designs and fabrication processes may vary from those recommended in other sources. Metallurgy, availability, machining and forming, joining, and mechanical properties of titanium alloys are presented. (P.S.-PL)
Bayesian estimation of 3-D objects from few radiographs (1994)

Radiography is an effective method for nondestructive inspection of solid objects, but more complete analysis and diagnoses are possible with full 3-D reconstructions. The quantity of data available in radiography is seldom sufficient to form a deterministic estimate. We present methods for statistically optimal reconstructions of 3-D objects from small numbers of digitized radiographs, which not only restore more complete spatial information, but also improve the detectability of aberrations and flaws in solid materials. The formulation includes scatter compensation under the statistical model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ti Coating of Nanocrystalline Diamond by Atomic Layer Deposition (2006)

Nanocrystalline diamond compact possesses not only the advantageous performance of polycrystalline diamond but also the high strength and the high toughness of nano-ceramics. However, single-phase nanocrystalline diamond compact is very difficult to sinter because of a huge amount of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups absorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline diamond. In this paper, atomic layer deposition (ALD) method has been used to coat nanocrystalline diamond with titanium, which will promote the bonding of nanocrystalline diamond as the bond in polycrystalline diamond. In vacuum, the H2 and TiCl4 reactants were employed alternately in an ABAB… binary reaction sequence to achieve Ti layer, which reacted with diamond matrix and formed TiC in the coating, realizing strong chemical bonding between the coating and the diamond. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to study the structure and the morphology of the coating. The results confirmed the formation of titanium carbide at the depositing temperature 500°C. The darker spots and strips observed on nanocrystalline diamond particles by TEM were proved to be TiC and the nucleation and subsequent growth of TiC preferentially occurred in the defects as twin zones and dislocation areas on diamond surfaces.
Design of EBIS for nanoprocesses using HCI (2004)

The design of EBIS for nanoprocess using HCI is presented. The EBIS uses commercial super-conducting magnet cooled by a closed-cycle refrigerator. We have made trajectory simulation of electron beam in 100 mA range to determine the configuration of electrodes and magnet coils appropriate to obtain high current density beam at the drift tube region.
Homocysteine thiolactone in arteriosclerosis and cancer. (1988)

Homocysteine thiolactone was isolated from normal human plasma, sera of patients with acute myocardial infarction, and human neoplastic tissue. The compound was identified by ninhydrin reaction and by nitroprusside reaction following alkaline hydrolysis. Thin layer and ion exchange chromatography demonstrated a single uniform peak which co-chromatographed with authentic homocysteine thiolactone. The substance was isolated by extraction of plasma, serum or tissue with chloroform:methanol, re-extraction of the chloroform layer with dilue HCl, and evaporation of the resulting aqueous acid layer. The amount of homocysteine thiolactone was found to be 1,670 mumol/L in normal human serum and 12,500 mumol/L in sera of coronary heart disease patients. Although there is variability and overlap of values between groups, the difference between the two groups is significant (P = 0.025). The amount of homocysteine thiolactone in three human neoplasms was 17-123 mumol/kg. Only trace amounts were found in normal tissues, and none was detected in two other human neoplasms. The findings support the previous demonstration of abnormal homocysteine thiolactone metabolism in arteriosclerosis and cancer.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Calcium Phosphates for Solid State Pharmaceutical Formulations (1990)

The physical and chemical properties of pharmaceutical phosphates are reviewed, with particular emphasis on chemistry of syntehsis, nomenclature, physico-chemical properties and tableting characteristics (other than Athy-Heckel qualities, which are covered elsewhere (Carstensen et al., 1989) and dissolution characteristics.
Electrokinetic Remediation of Mercury-Contaminated Soils Using Iodine/Iodide Lixiviant (1996)

In-situ remediation of mercury-contaminated soils, by electrokinetic or other means, is difficult because of the low solubility of mercury and its compounds. In this research, enhanced electrokinetic remediation of HgS-contaminated soils using I2/I- lixiviant was investigated using bench-scale electrokinetic cells. The thermodynamic conditions under which the lixiviant could be effective were determined by constructing a pE−pH diagram for the Hg−S−I system. Introduced near the cathode, the lixiviant migrated through the soil to the anode by electromigration. Mercury, released by the oxidation of HgS compounds by I2, was complexed as HgI42-. The negative complex continued to electromigrate toward the anode. Up to 99% of the Hg present in laboratory-contaminated soils could be removed. Electrokinetic treatment of a field-contaminated soil, containing more organic matter than the laboratory-contaminated soil, occurred much slower. The critical issues in determining the efficacy of the process are the oxidation of reduced Hg by I2 and I3- and the transport of the resultant HgI42- complex.
Synchronous techniques for timing recovery in BISDN (1995)

Timing recovery for an ATM network is inherently different from its circuit-switched counterpart. There are two generic approaches to ATM timing recovery, namely, non-synchronous methods which rely on cell jitter filtering and synchronous methods which use a common reference clock. The latter approach has better jitter/wander performance. This is particularly significant for circuit emulation of existing hierarchical signals (e.g. DSn signals), which have stringent jitter/wander requirements. This paper compares several methods for timing recovery in a synchronous network environment and discusses the fundamental concept, implementation, and performance of three synchronous techniques: synchronous frequency encoding technique (SFET), time stamp (TS), and synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS). Among these methods, it is concluded that the SRTS method, invented by the authors, is the most efficient. SRTS has been accepted by ITU-T as the timing recovery standard for AAL-1 (ATM Adaptation Layer-Circuit Emulation). Practical implementation considerations of the SRTS technique and its robustness against cell loss are also examined in this paper. In addition, it is shown that a strong analogy can be drawn between SRTS and conventional pulse stuffing synchronization techniques so that the jitter performance for SRTS is comparable to that of the circuit-switched network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surgery: Peritoneal healing after fibrin glue application: a comparative study in a rat model (1996)

The influence of fibrin glue on adhesion formation and peritoneal healing is evaluated in a prospective, randomized, controlled study. In all, 20 Wistar rats underwent microsurgical suturing of two silicone sheets, one covered with a fibrin glue barrier, to the anterior peritoneum. Each animal thus served as its own control. After 10 days, adhesions and peritoneal healing were evaluated by a blinded observer through a second-look laparotomy. Adhesions were scored using a modification of the classification of Diamond. Tissue around the silicone sheet was examined histologically and by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the inflammatory reaction and peritoneal healing (ingrowth of blood vessels and quality of peritoneal cells). Adhesion scores for treated and control sides were (mean +/- SD) 2.89 +/- 4.68 and 6.79 +/- 9.09 (P = 0.181) respectively, and the percentage of the sheet covered by peritoneum was 26.25 +/- 31.50 and 29.21 +/- 40.21 (P = 0.226) respectively. Using the paired Wilcoxon rank test, the P values for the ingrowth of blood vessels and peritoneal healing evaluated by histology and scanning electron microscopy were 0.842, 0.692 and 0.695 respectively. We conclude that although the mean adhesion score was reduced by > 50% by fibrin glue, there is no statistically significant difference concerning adhesion formation or peritoneal healing with the use of fibrin glue.
Potential role of N-carbamoyl glutamate in biosynthesis of arginine and its significance in production of ruminant animals (2013)

Arginine (ARG) exerts many beneficial effects on animal body and enhanced angiogenesis, lactogenesis, which finally leads to the improvement in nitrogen (N) metabolism, reproduction, lactation, immunity and growth. Unfortunately, unprotected ARG will be degraded in the rumen and its price is high, thus feeding rumen-protected ARG seems to be uneconomical. Alternatively, N-carbamoyl glutamate (NCG) is structural analogue of N-acetyl glutamate, cofactor of cabamoyl phosphate synthetase1, is lower in rumen degradation compared to ARG. Additionally, rumen epithelial and duodenal cells have potentially utilized the NCG for ureagenesis. Supplementation of NCG to high yielding dairy cows increased plasma concentration of ARG and nitric oxide, decreased the plasma ammonia N and improved lactation performance and N utilization. Supplementation of NCG enhanced pregnancy rates in rats, improved litter size and fetal survival rate, thereby improved the reproductive performance of sows. Oral NCG supplementation increases plasma ARG and somatotropin levels, and increased growth rate and muscle protein synthesis in nursing piglets. The NCG is potential a relatively cheaper source of feed additive to offer vital compensation over oral administration of ARG, resulting in improved ruminant animal health and production. In this article, we reviewed the mechanism of ARG biosynthesis by NCG and their significance in growth, reproduction, milk production and N utilization in ruminant animals.
Site of lodination in rat mammary gland (1978)

Abstract The ability of the mammary gland to take up and organically bind radioiodide was studied in non‐pregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats. Autoradiography was used to determine whether duct cells or alveolar cells are responsible for iodination in the rat mammary gland. Iodination was not detected in mammary glands from non‐pregnant rats, but occurred late in the twelfth day of gestation and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. Protein‐containing vacuoles in alveolar cells and casein‐like proteins in milk were the major sites where iodination occurred within the gland. Milk proteins in the lumens of ductules adjacent to alveoli were also iodinated. In contrast, ducts, myoepithelial cells, fat cells, blood vessels and other histological components of the gland did not show iodinating capability. Cytochemistry was also used to identify endogenous mammary peroxidase activity in the same glands, and it was found that the presence and location of this enzyme was correlated with the ability to iodinate.