gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Gene Transfer Can Stimulate Hepatocyte Growth Factor Expression Irrespective of Hypoxia-Mediated Downregulation in Ischemic Limbs (2002)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent angiogenic polypeptide that stimulates angiogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of HGF, however, has not been fully defined, with the exception of the hypoxia-mediated downregulation in cultured cells. In the present study, we report that angiogenic growth factors, including HGF, were upregulated in a murine model of critical limb ischemia in vivo, a finding that was in conflict with previous in vitro data. Mice deficient in basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) showed reduced induction of HGF protein in ischemic muscles, and overexpression of FGF-2 via gene transfer stimulated endogenous HGF, irrespective of the presence of ischemia. In culture, FGF-2 rapidly stimulated HGF mRNA, and a sustained expression was evident in the time course in vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. FGF-2-mediated induction of HGF was fully dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway yet was not affected by either hypoxia or a protein kinase A inhibitor. In the early expression, FGF-2 directly stimulated HGF mRNA without the requirement of new protein synthesis, whereas sustained induction of HGF in the later phase was partly mediated by platelet-derived growth factor-AA. Furthermore, in vivo overexpression of FGF-2 significantly improved the blood perfusion, and the effect was abolished by systemic blockade of HGF in ischemic limbs. This is the first demonstration of a regulational mechanism of HGF expression via FGF-2 that was independent of the presence of hypoxia. The harmonized therapeutic effects of FGF-2, accompanied with the activity of endogenous HGF, may provide a beneficial effect for the treatment of limb ischemia.
Pulse dispersion in glass fibres (1971)

Measurements indicate that pulses incident normally on the end of a cladded multimode fibre are broadened by less than 0.1 ns over a length of 20 m. The measured dispersions in lengths of 20 m and 35 m do not exceed 5 ps/m. However, with an angle of incidence of 17°, or with a defocused input beam, the pulses are broadened by 0.6 ns.
Human placental DNA methyltransferase: DNA substrate and DNA binding specificity (1984)

We have partially purified a DNA methyltransferase from human placenta using a novel substrate for a highly sensitive assay of methylation of hemimethylated DNA. This substrate was prepared by extensive nick translation of bacteriophage XP12 DNA, which normally has virtually all of its cytosine residues replaced by 5-methylcytosine (m5C). Micrococcus luteus DNA was just as good a substrate if it was first similarly nick translated with m5dCTP instead of dCTP in the polymerization mixture. At different stages in purification and under various conditions (including in the presence or absence of high mobility group proteins), the methylation of m5C-deficient DNA and that of hemimethylated DNA were compared. Although hemimethylated , m5C-rich DNAs were much better substrates than were m5C-deficient DNAs and normal XP12 DNA could not be methylated, all of these DNAs were bound equally well by the enzyme. In contrast, from the same placental extract, a DNA-binding protein of unknown function was isolated which binds to m5C-rich DNA in preference to the analogous m5C-poor DNA.
Immunomodulatory Action of Somatostatin (1987)

The influence of somatostatin (SST) on spontaneous proliferation and cyclic AMP level in mouse spleen lymphocytes and on inhibition of human leukocyte migration was studied. The rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation was used as an index of proliferation. It was found that lower concentrations of SST/10(-9) and 10(-8)M, inhibited the splenocyte proliferation. In contrast, a higher SST concentration, 10(-7)M, exerted a stimulatory effect. SST in concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-6)M did not influence cyclic AMP levels in mouse splenocytes; a significant decrease of cyclic AMP was found after the exposure to superactive SST analog RC-102-2H in concentrations 10(-8) and 10(-7)M. SST, 10(-7)M, and RC-102-2H, 10(-7)M, significantly enhanced the migration inhibition of human leukocytes induced by the exposure of leukocytes to cardiac antigen or phytohemagglutinin. The data provide evidence for an immunomodulatory action of SST.
<title>Optimal model-predictive control of overlay lithography implemented in an ASIC fab</title> (2003)

This work integrates fundamental models and metrology sensors with state-of-the-art estimation and model-predictive control techniques in order to regulate overlay photo-lithography errors. Fundamental overlay models are presented that describe the relationship between the photo-lithography steppers and the metrology sensors. A Kalman Filter is employed that utilizes the process model and the sensor model and automatically estimates uncertain states given metrology measurements. A model-predictive controller is employed that is very effective in rejecting disturbances in the overlay process, such as tool drift and model mismatch. All overlay errors have been driven to zero +/- the measurement variance of the metrology tool. This level of control is achieved for every tool-device-layer-reticle combination.
Assembly of Optical-Scale Dumbbells into Dense Photonic Crystals (2011)

We describe the self-assembly of nonspherical particles into crystals with novel structure and optical properties combining a partial photonic band gap with birefringence that can be modulated by an external field or quenched by solvent evaporation. Specifically, we study symmetric optical-scale polymer dumbbells with an aspect ratio of 1.58. Hard particles with this geometry have been predicted to crystallize in equilibrium at high concentrations. However, unlike spherical particles, which readily crystallize in the bulk, previous experiments have shown that these dumbbells crystallize only under strong confinement. Here, we demonstrate the use of an external electric field to align and assemble the dumbbells to make a birefringent suspension with structural color. When the electric field is turned off, the dumbbells rapidly lose their orientational order and the color and birefringence quickly go away. In this way, dumbbells combine the structural color of photonic crystals with the field addressability of liquid crystals. In addition, we find that if the solvent is removed in the presence of an electric field, the particles self-assemble into a novel, dense crystalline packing hundreds of particles thick. Analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the dumbbells have a packing fraction of 0.7862, higher than the densest known packings of spheres and ellipsoids. We perform numerical experiments to more generally demonstrate the importance of controlling the orientation of anisotropic particles during a concentration quench to achieve long-range order.
Isolation and characterization of a thermostable aminopeptidase(aminopeptidase T) from Thermus aquaticus YT-1, an extremely thermophilic bacterium. (1988)

A thermostable aminopeptidase, called aminopeptidase T, from the extract of Thermus aquaticus YT-1 was purified and characterized. The enzyme had a dimeric structure, its relative molecular mass being 108, 000 by gel filtration, and 48, 000 by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH of the enzyme activity was in the range of 8.5 to 9.0. The enzyme was significantly thermostable as it still retained 60% of its original activity even after heat treatment for 20 hr at 80°C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by metal-chelating agents. The enzyme had a low substrate specificity.
Continuous measurement of moisture in nonconducting materials (1992)

A microwave-based system for the continuous measurement of moisture in nonconducting materials is described. The system was implemented on conveyor belts carrying coarse coal. To obtain a reliable measurement for this application, several other factors which influence the microwave measurement technique had to be investigated. These factors are, among others, the mass per unit area and the temperature. The measurement of these factors makes possible the general characterization of the coal, which is important for optimizing the utilization of the coal for various applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sizing up site requirements for the lifecare center. (1986)

An increase in the elderly population has created a need to provide housing for them. Therefore, interest is growing in the development of lifecare centers and related elderly housing. One part of the process of developing these centers is the selection of a suitable site. When developing lifecare centers, it should be kept in mind that no one set of site requirements exists. However, some characteristics do influence site selection and should be considered in any selection process--orientation of the program, neighborhood density and building type, and program elements.
Gene replacement by homologous recombination in the multicellular green alga <i>Volvox carteri</i> (1997)

With only two different cell types, the haploid green alga Volvox represents the simplest multicellular model system. To facilitate genetic investigations in this organism, the occurrence of homologous recombination events was investigated with the intent of developing methods for gene replacement and gene disruption. First, homologous recombination between two plasmids was demonstrated by using overlapping nonfunctional fragments of a recombinant arylsulfatase gene (tubulin promoter/arylsulfatase gene). After bombardment of Volvox reproductive cells with DNA-coated gold microprojectiles, transformants expressing arylsulfatase constitutively were recovered, indicating the presence of the machinery for homologous recombination in Volvox. Second, a well characterized loss-of-function mutation in the nuclear nitrate reductase gene (nitA) with a single G --> A nucleotide exchange in a 5'-splice site was chosen as a target for gene replacement. Gene replacement by homologous recombination was observed with a reasonably high frequency only if the replacement vector containing parts of the functional nitrate reductase gene contained only a few nucleotide exchanges. The ratio of homologous to random integration events ranged between 1:10 and 1:50, i.e., homologous recombination occurs frequently enough in Volvox to apply the powerful tool of gene disruption for functional studies of novel genes.
Introduction (1997)

The growth of services as an economic activity is not an entirely new phenomenon. Even as early as 1900 the United States and the United Kingdom had more jobs in the services sector than in industry. But its expansion over the past quarter century has been most spectacular, marking a profound structural change in the global economy. Although the change has been particularly discernible in industrial countries, it would be wrong to assume that its significance is confined to them alone. The increasing ascendancy of services in the economy affects all countries, irrespective of the stage of development; and from all indications it will increasingly do so in the years to come.
A Component Model for Adaptive Middleware Services and Applications (2007)

This paper contributes a novel component model (called MidGate) that enables behavioral adaptation of pervasive middleware services and applications as part of a reflective middleware platform. The component model applies the concept of middleware reflection to dynamically varying computing resources. The research problem addressed in the paper is how to support a pervasive computing environment's dynamic adaptation requirements for middleware services and applications in a software component architecture. A component model, referred to as the MidGate component model, is presented as a solution to the research problem. The component model has been validated by a prototype system, given as an example in this paper.
A Tool for Extracting XML Association Rules from XML Documents (2002)

The recent success of XML as a standard to represent semi-structured data, and the increasing amount of available XML data, pose new challenges to the data mining community. In this paper we present the XMINE operator a tool we developed to extract XML association rules for XML documents. The operator, that is based on XPath and inspired by the syntax of XQuery, allows us to express complex mining tasks, compactly and intuitively. XMINE can be used to specify indifferently (and simultaneously) mining tasks both on the content and on the structure of the data, since the distinction in XML is slight. 1.
Stability of C49 and C54 phases of TiSi2 under ion bombardment (1991)

The transformation of C49 phase TiSi2 to the low resistivity C54 phase is necessary for many microelectronic applications. Here, we report on attempts to decrease this transformation temperature by low-energy ion bombardment at elevated temperature. Ion irradiation was performed using a broad beam Kaufman ion source operated in N2 or Ar gas between 0.1 and 2 keV beam energy, with ion doses ranging from 2.0×1016 to 1.9×1018 ions/cm2, and sample temperatures from 480 °C to 735 °C. For comparison, room-temperature Ar+ implantation at higher energy (105–210 keV) was performed with a dose of 1016 ions/cm2 with projected ranges within and beyond the TiSi2 layer thickness. Resistivity measurements as a function of temperature, x-ray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to determine the composition and phases. Results show that low-energy ion bombardment does not promote the C49-C54 transformation at the temperatures studied, while ion implantation actually raises the temperature for the transformation. In addition, bombardment of C54 TiSi2 does not cause it to revert to the C49 phase, indicating that both phases appear to be surprisingly stable under ion bombardment. Simulations of defect production using the trim code indicate the formation of a higher number of displaced atoms than are usually required to initiate a transformation. We conclude that the defects introduced into C49 TiSi2 by ion bombardment at energies up to 2 keV are either not sufficient to nucleate the C54 phase or they are annealed out too quickly at the temperature needed for C54 phase growth.
Absolute measurement of detector quantum efficiency using parametric downconversion (1987)

We show that a parametric downconversion crystal emitting angle resolved coincident photon pairs can be used to measure the absolute quantum efficiency of a photon counting detection system. We have measured the quantum efficiency of a silicon avalanche photodiode, operated in Geiger mode, as a function of operating voltage and compare this to results obtained using a conventional method.
Artificial Bandwidth Extension of Speech &#x0026; Its Applications in Wireless Communication Systems: A Review (2012)

In the recent scenario of wired and wireless communication systems, amongst many reasons for the overall degradation of recovered speech quality at receiver, one of the major reasons to be considered is utilization of Narrow Band (NB) end devices and NB transmission medium supporting bandwidth of 300 Hz-3400Hz. The inherent drawback of such NB speech signal is it sounds muffled and thin because of absence of High Band (HB) spectral components. With state of the art development of communication technologies and with increased availability of end terminals capable of transmitting and receiving Wide Band (WB) signals (having bandwidth from 50 Hz to 7000 Hz), end users prefer to listen to WB speech. In order to offer a fully WB communication over wired and wireless media, both end devices and network need to be made WB compatible. A long transition period has been elapsed for upgrading existing NB systems (both end terminals and network) to fully WB compatible systems. In-between new methods have been developed to artificially extend the bandwidth of NB telephonic speech at receiver for improving the quality of recovered speech. A major task of Artificial Bandwidth Extension (ABE) is to reconstruct missing WB spectral components at receiver with the use of available NB speech. This paper discusses motivation for developing ABE algorithm along with exhaustive comparative studies of implementing it with various approaches. Issues and limitations related to real time implementation of ABE algorithm are also addressed. Alternative approaches like usage of ABE with side information transmission along with coded NB speech are also demonstrated. Main objective of ABE with side information is to extract WB spectral components from WB input speech and to embed these derived spectral components into coded NB speech signal and finally transmit them onto a NB channel. Reverse procedure can be carried out at receiver to artificially produce WB speech. Here, it is to be noted that transmission channel is NB whereas end terminals are made WB compatible so this method provides alternative solution to coexisting state of the art WB coders (which require WB channels) while offering comparable speech quality and giving natural sounding in terms of intelligibility and naturalness.
Newspaper page decomposition using a split and merge approach (2002)

Indexing large newspaper archives requires automatic page decomposition algorithms with high accuracy. In this paper, we present our approach to an automatic page decomposition algorithm developed for the First International Newspaper Segmentation Contest. Our approach decomposes the newspaper image into image regions, horizontal and vertical lines, text regions and title areas. Experimental results are obtained from the data set of the contest.
FORCE SENSITIVE RESISTORS CALIBRATION FOR THE USAGE IN GRIPPING DEVICES (2012)

This paper aims to present the calibration of a piezoresistive force sensitive sensor for the use in the gripping devices. A short review on existent sensors is presented, with information concerning the piezoresistive sensor functionality. The used calibration technique is presented in parallel to the hardware and software elements. Several test cases were developed in order to obtain the forces and the contact areas similar with the ones between the human fingers and different gripped objects. The differences between several sensors response and the accuracy on the forces applied in the range of 0.1 mN to 1 N were observed, allowing to obtain a whole surface mapping of the sensor response to the applied force, in a matrix touch pattern.
Virtual machining environment-GMPS (2002)

Concurrent engineering (CE) is an important step in realizing CIMS process integration and is based on many effective techniques such as virtual manufacturing. A virtual machining environment-GMPS (General Machining Process Simulator), which can be used to replace test cutting by virtual machining, is presented. It supplies a powerful simulation method for CE to test the manufacturability of a designed part. The paper introduces its structure, including the NC code translator, material removal simulation, collision and interference checks, etc. Finally, an application example is presented to show the function of GMPS.
Mandibular morphogenesis and craniofacial malformations. (1982)

Four questions have been addressed in this review. What is morphogenesis? I conclude that morphogenesis is simply development or change of shape and distinguish morphogenesis both from differentiation and from growth, although predominant growth along one axis can alter shape. Morphogenesis can be considered at all levels from the molecule to the population. I concentrated on cells, tissues, and organs. How does the mandible develop? A brief overview of the origin, migration, and differentiation of the neural crest and other cells which constitute the mandible has been provided. How is mandibular morphogenesis controlled? Several lines of evidence are presented to show that basic elements of morphogenesis, eg number and shape of skeletal elements in the mandible, are a property possessed by the mesenchymal cells which will form those tissues, before they differentiate into cartilage or bone. Reaggregated mesenchymal cells form site-specific-shaped cartilages. First arch neural crest, transplanted to sites of presumptive second and third arch neural crest, migrates to the second arch region but forms first branchial arch skeletal and muscle elements in that ectopic site. Morphogenesis is an intrinsic property of the neural crest and of the mesenchymal cells which arise from the crest. What is the developmental basis of craniofacial malformations? Evidence is presented to show that defects at any stage of mandibular development can lead to craniofacial malformations. Absence of the neural crest, abnormal migration of neural crest-derived cells, abnormal extracellular environments, defective interactions between or differentiation of mesenchymal cells, altered inductive tissue interactions, and deficiencies in epigenetic interactions between components of the mandible can all lead to craniofacial malformations. The challenge for the clinical and basic craniofacial biologist is to identify the defective cellular process which has produced the malformation and to devise preventative or corrective procedures which restore that process to normality.
Average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of a generalized optimum selection combiner for non-identical independent Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of co-channel interference (2002)

A generalized optimum selection combiner selects an arbitrary number (m 2/spl les/m/spl les/L) of diversity branches with the largest signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) from a total of L available branches in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI), it weights and combines the selected branches to maximize the SINR for the desired user. A generalized optimum selection combiner is studied as opposed to the conventional optimum combiner, which combines all the available branches in order to achieve the best trade-off between the receiver performance and complexity in the presence of CCI. This paper presents a closed-form expression for the average SINR of this generalized optimum selection combiner for non-identical independent (non-i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of one co-channel interferer. The presented SINR expression reduces to the average signal-to-noise (SNR) of a generalized diversity selection combiner with a diversity order of m when there is no co-channel interference. When the interference increases it asymptotically reduces to the average SNR of a generalized diversity selection combiner with a diversity order of m-1 as if there was no interference. The paper also derives for the multiple co-channel interferers, the trade-off between the interference cancellation and diversity gain improvement. Using a subspace approach, the paper shows that optimally combining m branches from available L branches in the presence of n co-channel interferers can eliminate n (n<m) interferers and achieves an m/spl middot/n order diversity gain at the same time.