gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open Hole Sand Control Optimization Using Shape Memory Polymer Conformable Screen With Inflow Control Application (2017)

Abstract This paper covers the novel application of combining shape memory polymer (SMP) conformable screen with inflow control devices (ICD) to provide operational efficiency, wellbore stability and production enhancement in unconsolidated reservoirs openhole completion. It is not uncommon to have unconsolidated reservoirs with permeability heterogeneity. It becomes more challenging when the formation sands are non-uniform and poorly sorted. The Conventional solution for these type of reservoirs encompasses the use of gravel pack techniques in combination with sand control screens that are equipped with inflow control devices (ICD). However, operational execution is complex and risky especially when openhole isolation packers are added to isolate and compartmentalize the multiple zones. An alternative solution to this challenge is the simplified combination of SMP conformable screen with ICD. An SMP conformable screen with ICD replaces the burdensome gravel pack operation, provides conformable sand control and maximizes the benefits of the already proven inflow control technology. This integrated application brings efficiency to well site operation by reducing the quantity of downhole accessories, reducing rig site operating hours, and saving overall capital expenditures (CAPEX) or operating expenditures (OPEX). The shape memory polymer provides improved wellbore stability and efficient sand control regardless of the uniformity of formation sands in the different reservoir layers. The combination with ICDs will ensure that production longevity and recovery are optimized by efficiently equalizing inflow profiles. Technical contributions which include filtration performances, inflow control modeling and completion fluid management are provided to expatiate on the performance analysis of this innovative approach in resolving a critical challenge in horizontal sand control completions.
Silklike materials constructed from sequences of <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk fibroin, fibronectin, and elastin (2007)

Two silklike proteins, [TGRGDSPAGG(GAGAGS)3AS]5 (FS5) and [TGRGDSPA-(GVPGV)2GG(GAGAGS)3AS]8 (FES8) were designed to demonstrate the superior performance as biomaterials of silklike proteins. The former protein consists of the crystalline domain sequence, (GAGAGS)n from Bombyx mori silk fibroin and cell-adhesive sequence TGRGDSPA coming from fibronectin-containing RGD triplet. The additional sequence (GVPGV)n from elastin was included in the latter protein. The considerably higher cell-adhesion activities of these proteins for NHDF and VERO cells were observed by comparing with those of silklike materials without RGD sequences and also the crystalline fraction of B. mori silk fibroin. This tendency was independent of the treatments, 4.5M LiClO4 or formic acid (FA), on silklike proteins. Their activities are also higher than those of commercial Fibronectin F for NHDF cell. Their structural characterization was studied using 13C solid-state NMR. Although the overlapped peaks in usual 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra make the detailed structural analysis difficult, the methyl resonance regions observed using dipolar dephasing NMR were very useful for the analysis. The presence of both random coil and beta-sheet structures was observed in these proteins clearly. The content of beta-sheet structure in both proteins increases after FA treatment when compared with the lyophilized samples. The production of electrospun nanofibers from their hexafluoroacetone solution was also tried. The silklike protein FES8 could prepare nonwoven silk fibers although FS5 could not.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Aufbau von Ultraschallbreitbandwandlern Experimental Investigations on the Construction of Broadband Ultrasonic Transducers (1982)

Article Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Aufbau von Ultraschallbreitbandwandlern Experimental Investigations on the Construction of Broadband Ultrasonic Transducers was published on January 1, 1982 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 27, issue 7-8).
Enhancing speech recognition and speech understanding systems through non-phonetic cues (2002)

Theoretical and practical techniques for the automatic extraction, representation and manipulation of information supplied by the body movements of a speaker are discussed. Since speech production and facial expressions have been shown to exhibit a synchronous relationship, optical information obtained from a camera trained on the speaker's face and body can prove useful in both correlating and disambiguating phoneme recognition by a voice recognition system. At the theoretical level, the roles played by proxemics, kinesics and deixis in interpreting body movement data in a linguistic setting are discussed. Also discussed are two systems under development: the vision microphone to aid in the recognition of both continuous speech and discrete speech by tracking acoustic data and the facial movements which accompany speech production; and gesture understanding system to extract information from the body movements of a speaker at both the microkinesic and macrokinesic levels for interpreting the communication content of speaker's utterance.
Ultra-compact low loss polarization insensitive silicon waveguide splitter (2013)

We observe that the cascaded typical Y junctions will introduce unwanted periodic fringes over the spectrum in practical systems when they link with multimode waveguides. To solve the problem, we design and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength insensitive multimode interferometer (MMI) based 3-dB splitter which has all the merits of Y-splitters such as polarization insensitivity and ultra-compactness. The splitter has a footprint of 1.5 × 1.8 µm(2), nearly one order smaller than the previously reported MMI splitters. The measured excess losses for TE and TM modes at telecom wavelength are as low as -0.11 dB and -0.18 dB respectively.
Block copolyurethanes based on polyoxytrimethylene glycols (1985)

Abstract Trimethylene oxide was polymerized to polyoxytrimethylene glycol by two synthetic routes. High molecular weight polytrimethylene oxide was synthesized using a coordination catalyst system consisting of triethylaluminum, acetylacetone, and water, then ozonized and reduced with lithium aluminum hydride in anhydrous ether to form hydroxyl end‐capped polyoxytrimethylene glycol. In the second route, the polyoxytrimethylene glycols were synthesized directly by the cationic polymerization of trimethylene oxide with boron trifluoride/ethyl ether as catalyst and 1,4 butanediol as co‐initiator. (AB) n block copolyether–urethane–ureas based on these polyoxytrimethylene glycols were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical and stress–strain measurements.
2-(Trifluoroacetyloxy)pyridine as a Mild Trifluoroacetylating Reagent of Amines and Alcohols (1990)

Abstract A new trifluoroacetylating reagent, 2-(trifluoroacetyloxy)pyridine (TFAP), was prepared by the reaction of 2-pyridinol and trifluoroacetic anhydride. TFAP has been found to be effective in the trifluoroacetylation of aliphatic and aromatic amines and alcohols including phenol under mild conditions. The reaction of p-nitrophenol with TFAP in ether gave the hydrogen-bonded complex between the phenol and 2-pyridone. This reagent has also been shown to be useful for the intramolecular dehydration of aldehyde oximes and amides to give nitriles in high yields.
n−3 fatty acid enrichment of edible tissue of poultry: A review (2005)

There is clear evidence of the nutritional benefits of consuming long-chain n-3 PUFA, which are found predominantly in oily fish. However, oily fish consumption, particularly in the United Kingdom, is declining, as is the consumption of all meats with the exception of poultry, which has increased in consumption by 73% in the last 30 yr. This pattern, if less marked, is reflected throughout Europe, and therefore one means of increasing long-chain n-3 PUFA consumption would be to increase the long-chain n-3 PUFA content in the edible tissues of poultry. This review considers the feasibility of doing this, concentrating particularly on chickens and turkeys. It begins by summarizing the benefits to human health of consuming greater quantities of n-3 FA and the sources of n-3 PUFA in the human diet. The literature on altering the FA composition of poultry meat is then reviewed, and the factors affecting the incorporation of n-3 PUFA into edible tissues of poultry are investigated. The concentration of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the edible tissues of poultry is readily increased by increasing the concentration of ALA in the birds' diet (particularly meat with skin, and dark meat to a greater extent than white meat). The concentration of EPA in both white and dark meat is also increased when the birds' diet is supplemented with EPA, although supplementing the diet with the precursor (ALA) does not result in a noticeable increase in EPA content in the edible tissues. Although supplementing the birds' diets with relatively high concentrations of DHA does result in an increased concentration of DHA in the tissues, the relationship between dietary and tissue concentrations of DHA is much weaker than that observed with ALA and EPA. The impact that altering the FA composition of edible poultry tissue may have on the organoleptic and storage qualities of poultry products is also considered.
Glial Cell-Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Patients with Early Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Controls (2009)

As neurotrophic factors play an important role in development and maintenance of global central nervous system (CNS) function, we supposed that glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which has been extensively studied for its survival promoting effects especially concerning catecholaminergic neurons, also plays a significant role in neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by damage of cholinergic CNS neurons like AD. Here we compared GDNF concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls (NC). While GDNF concentrations in CSF were significantly increased in patients with AD (291.7 +/- 85.8 pg/ml) compared with NC subjects (218.7 +/- 93.3 pg/ml, p = 0.012), GDNF concentration of AD patients (486.5 +/- 72.3 pg/ml) in serum were significantly decreased compared with the NC group (711.5 +/- 186.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Increased GDNF in CSF of AD might be due to an upregulated expression in CNS as an adaptive process of the impaired brain to enhance neurotrophic support at least in early stages of disease and/or impairment of CSF turnover. Decreased serum concentration of GDNF might be related to altered function of the blood brain barrier thus disturbing clearance or facilitating passover of potentially harmful metabolites.
Sequential Proteolytic Processing of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) Protein by Ectodomain Shedding and γ-Secretase-dependent Intramembranous Cleavage (2013)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and its signaling adaptor protein TYROBP/DAP12 play important roles in signal transduction in dendritic cells, osteoclasts, tissue macrophages, and microglia. Recently, TREM2 variants have been shown to be linked to late onset Alzheimer disease. Here, we demonstrate that TREM2 undergoes sequential proteolytic processing by ectodomain shedding and intramembrane proteolysis. The C-terminal fragment (CTF) of TREM2 generated by ectodomain shedding is cleaved by γ-secretase. Importantly, pharmacologic and genetic γ-secretase inhibition resulted in accumulation of TREM2 CTF at the plasma membrane that also interacts with the signaling adaptor protein DAP12. Thus, the accumulated TREM2 CTF thereby might limit the interaction of DAP12 with the functional full-length receptor, resulting in decreased DAP12 phosphorylation and impaired metabolism of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Together, these data demonstrate γ-secretase-mediated intramembranous proteolysis of TREM2 and functionally link two Alzheimer disease-associated proteins in one signaling pathway.
Cisplatin and Adriamycin Resistance Are Associated with MutLα and Mismatch Repair Deficiency in an Ovarian Tumor Cell Line (1996)

In contrast to parental A2780 ovarian tumor cells, extracts of one doxorubicin-resistant and two independent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-resistant derivatives are defective in strand-specific mismatch repair. The repair defect of the three hypermutable, drug-resistant cell lines is only evident when the strand break that directs the reaction is located 3' to the mismatch, and in each case repair is restored to extracts by addition of purified MutLalpha heterodimer. As judged by immunological assay, drug resistance is associated with the virtual absence of the MutLalpha MLH1 subunit and greatly reduced levels of the PMS2 subunit. These findings implicate a functional mismatch repair system in the cytotoxic effects of these antitumor drugs and may have ramifications for their clinical application.
Identification of control system of superconducting magnet (1981)

The dynamics of superconducting inductor - thyristor converter (I-C) unit for SMES have been studied through input/output relations. The input gate signal of random waveform given to thyristor converter and the response waveforms of currents and voltages of the I-C unit are sampled and memoried to form an input/output (I/O) sequence. An I/O sequence is identified by a multi-input/multi-output discrete time system (MI/MO DTS), that is, the dynamics of I-C unit is described. The dynamics of an I-C unit composed of 12 phase thyristor power converter and 100 KJ superconducting magnet have been identified by this method. The simulated outputs by the derived MI/MO DTS have closely fitted to the measured waveforms, and the optimal control system can be designed based on the MI/MO DTS. The three dimensional MI/MO DTS present a good approximation to the measured waveforms. One of the equivalent circuits is a parallel connection of R-L-C. The ac loss have been estimated from the parameters of the equivalent circuit. The simulated waveforms of equivalent circuit have closely fitted to the measured waveforms and show the method is useful for the estimation of ac loss.
A continuous object tracking protocol suitable for practical wireless sensor networks (2013)

The information of boundary area is important to track the continuous objects such as forest fires, radioactive matter, and oil spills. Recently, many of protocols are proposed for the continuous object tracking. They predict the future boundary shape of the continuous objects and activate only sensors in the predicted area of the objects. It is very efficient strategy in a uniformly deployed wireless sensor networks. However, it should be needed more advanced algorithm that is suitable for a randomly deployed practical sensor networks with voids. If the void area is in the predicted area, the activation message cannot reach and the predicted area cannot be activated at the right time. It is a major cause of many detection errors for the continuous object. Moreover, if activation control is once foiled then the next activation control might be continuously failed. The detection errors can be result in serious harm to people, because most of continuous objects are dangerous substances. In this paper, we propose a chaining selective wakeup scheme suitable for continuous object tracking in wireless sensor networks. In our protocol, we collect the information of a void area during the network configuration time; if the next boundary area is in the void area, we activate the chained area surrounding the void area with activation control message.
A gesture-based authentication scheme for untrusted public terminals (2004)

Powerful mobile devices with minimal I/O capabilities increase the likelihood that we will want to annex these devices to I/O resources we encounter in the local environment. This opportunistic annexing will require authentication. We present a sensor-based authentication mechanism for mobile devices that relies on physical possession instead of knowledge to setup the initial connection to a public terminal. Our solution provides a simple mechanism for shaking a device to authenticate with the public infrastructure, making few assumptions about the surrounding infrastructure while also maintaining a reasonable level of security.
Evidence for carboxyl-terminal processing and glycolipid-anchoring of human carcinoembryonic antigen. (1988)

We have investigated the post-translational modification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for membrane-anchoring in QGP-1 cells derived from a human pancreatic carcinoma. Pulse-chase experiments with [3H]leucine demonstrated that CEA was initially synthesized as a precursor form with Mr 150,000 having N-linked high-mannose-type oligosaccharides, which was then converted to a mature form with Mr 200,000 containing the complex type sugar chains. The mature protein thus labeled was found to be released from the cell surface by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, suggesting that CEA is a phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein. This was confirmed by metabolic incorporation into CEA of 3H-labeled compounds such as ethanolamine, myo-inositol, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. The 3H-labeled fatty acids incorporated were specifically removed from the protein by nitrous acid deamination as well as by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment. Since the available cDNA sequence predicts that CEA contains a single methionine residue only in its carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic domain, processing of the carboxyl terminus was examined by pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine. It was found that CEA with Mr 150,000 was initially labeled with [35S]methionine but its radioactivity was immediately lost with chase. Taken together, these results suggest that CEA is anchored to the membrane by simultaneously occurring proteolysis of the carboxyl terminus and replacement by the glycophospholipid immediately after the synthesis.
Properties of ATP-dependent protein kinase from Streptococcus pyogenes that phosphorylates a seryl residue in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system (1984)

Transport of sugars across the cytoplasmic membranes of gram-positive bacteria appears to be regulated by the action of a metabolite-activated, ATP-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates a seryl residue in the phosphocarrier protein of the phosphotransferase system, HPr. We have developed a quantitative assay for measuring the activity of this enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes. The product of the in vitro protein kinase-catalyzed reaction was shown to be phosphoseryl-HPr by several independent criteria (rates of hydrolysis in the presence of various agents, detection of serine-phosphate in acid hydrolysates, immunological assay, and electrophoretic migration rates). HPrs isolated from four different gram-positive bacteria (S. pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) were shown to be phosphorylated by the kinase from S. pyogenes. In contrast, Escherichia coli HPr was not a substrate of this enzyme. The soluble kinase released from the particulate fraction of the cells with high salt in the presence of a protease inhibitor was shown to have an approximate molecular weight of 60,000 as estimated by gel filtration. Its activity was dependent on divalent cations, with Mg2+ and Mn2+ being most active. EDTA, Pi, and high concentrations of salt were strongly inhibitory. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 7.0, exhibited high affinity for its substrates, and was dependent on the presence of one of several metabolites. Of these compounds, fructose 1-6-diphosphate was most active, with gluconate 6-phosphate, 2-phosphoglycerate, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate exhibiting moderate to low stimulatory activities. Other compounds tested, including a variety of sugar phosphates, pyridine nucleotides, and other metabolites were without effect. The ATP-dependent phosphorylation of HPr on the seryl residue was strongly inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of the active histidyl residue of this protein. Treatment of the kinase with diethyl pyrocarbonate strongly inhibited the ATP-dependent phosphorylation activity, although the sulfhydryl reagents N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and iodoacetate were without effect. These results serve to characterize the HPr (serine) kinase, which apparently regulates the rates of carbohydrate transport in streptococcal cells via the phosphotransferase system. A primary role of this kinase in the control of cellular inducer levels and carbohydrate metabolic rates is proposed.
A web-based collaborative system for medical image analysis and diagnosis (2000)

The overall objective of this paper is to show the development of a web-based collaborative system for medical image analysis and diagnosis that is affordable, usable, reliable and efficient for medical area. The system consists of four components that are chat system, online image manipulation system, message board and server system. To carry out the objective of the system, various method are applied such as JAVA applet which is system independent using a virtual machine technology, server and client network model, distributed data structure to manage data for multi-users and image manipulation using Java Awt Graphics library. This system was developed and tested to provide better interface for CSCW (Computer Supported Collaborative Work) in medical area. The collaborative system for medical image analysis and diagnosis being able to be used via Internet provides system independence, convenience and efficiencies.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY DIFFERENCE MAPS AND AVERAGE MACULAR VOLUME FOR GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY (2014)

In Brief Purpose: To demonstrate the ability to monitor geographic atrophy (GA) volumetrically through all retinal layers with high-resolution optical coherence tomography difference maps and average macular volume. Methods: Observational case report. Results: Two patients diagnosed with GA were followed up for multiple years with consecutive high-resolution optical coherence tomography studies along with fundus photography and fluorescein angiography or fundus autofluorescence. Difference maps visually reflect macular thinning associated with expansion of GA witnessed on alternative studies. In addition, these maps show progressive macular thinning within previously delineated areas of GA. Average macular volume quantitatively demonstrates the decreasing volume associated with the expanding atrophy. Conclusion: Difference maps and average macular volume allow quantitative analysis of GA and may be a useful tool for patient care and clinical trials. Using optical coherence tomography difference maps and average macular volume, progressive macular thinning can be appreciated volumetrically in patients with geographic atrophy from advanced dry age-related macular degeneration.