gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
micF antisense RNA has a major role in osmoregulation of OmpF in Escherichia coli (1994)

micF RNA, produced from a multicopy plasmid, was originally shown to be a major factor in negative osmoregulation of the OmpF outer membrane protein in Escherichia coli. However, subsequent experiments with a micF deletion strain suggested that chromosomal micF RNA was not a key component in this process. We report here that micF RNA is essential for the reduction in OmpF levels in cells grown in media of low-to-intermediate levels of osmolarity. Under these conditions, the amount of OmpF was reduced up to 60% in the parent strain while OmpF levels were not altered in the micF deletion mutant. In medium of higher osmolarity, OmpF synthesis was strongly inhibited in both strains. RNA measurements showed that micF RNA levels rose rapidly in cells grown in low-to-intermediate levels of osmolarity concomitant with the reduction in OmpF protein, while ompF mRNA decreased strongly only during high-osmolarity conditions. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the negative osmoregulation of OmpF at low-to-intermediate osmolarity levels requires micF RNA and that this is masked at higher osmolarity by the known strong inhibition of OmpF transcription by OmpR. Results consistent with this model were also obtained by using procaine, a compound reported to inhibit ompF expression by a mechanism very similar to that involved in osmoregulation.
Compensators for dose and scatter management in cone‐beam computed tomography (2007)

The ability of compensators (e.g., bow-tie filters) designed for kV cone-beam computed tomography (CT) to reduce both scatter reaching the detector and dose to the patient is investigated. Scattered x rays reaching the detector are widely recognized as one of the most significant challenges to cone-beam CT imaging performance. With cone-beam CT gaining popularity as a method of guiding treatments in radiation therapy, any methods that have the potential to reduce the dose to patients and/or improve image quality should be investigated. Simple compensators with a design that could realistically be implemented on a cone-beam CT imaging system have been constructed to determine the magnitude of reduction of scatter and/or dose for various cone-beam CT imaging conditions. Depending on the situation, the compensators were shown to reduce x-ray scatter at the detector and dose to the patient by more than a factor of 2. Further optimization of the compensators is a possibility to achieve greater reductions in both scatter and dose.
Sidewall oxidation of polycrystalline-silicon gate (1989)

Evidence is presented demonstrating that sidewall oxidation, a processing step needed for device reliability, can lead to gate oxide thickening in short-channel devices. This increase in thickness is the result of encroachment of bird's beaks from the edges of the gate structure into the channel region. The encroachment can be reduced by increasing oxidation temperature and/or using a dry ambient. With a judicious choice of polysilicon sidewall oxidation conditions, minimum gate-to-drain overlap capacitance and adequate device reliability can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speckle photography and displacement analysis of large structures : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Production Technology at Massey University (1997)

This research demonstrates the feasibility of a full-field photographic method for remotely measuring the movement of large deforming objects. 'Large objects' could include civil engineering structures such as dam walls, buildings and bridges, and geological phenomena such as glaciers. Such structures must be examined in situ and preferably by a non contacting method. The objective is to measure motion from time lapsed photographs of the moving object. The method is based on speckle photography which is a well developed optical metrology technique for deformation measurement of engineering structures in laboratory conditions. Its application to large scale structures illuminated in sunlight at high imaging demagnifications has demanded some significant extensions and modifications to the technique. Imaging these large objects offers a unique set of challenges which include the establishment of rigid tripods from which to take the time lapsed photographs in rugged glacial terrain, the variation of illumination in terms of both quality and angle of incidence, imaging through several kilometres of turbulent atmosphere and recording the signature texture of the object surface onto film at high imaging demagnifications. The effects of these factors are considered both conceptually and experimentally, providing fundamental understanding of the problem. Displacement analysis is performed primarily by interrogation of time lapsed negative pairs using an unexpanded laser beam, as is generally the case in speckle photography. An automated system is developed to make practical the analysis of multiple points in the field of view. In parallel, a new digital technique is introduced where displacement results are obtained by pattern matching in digital versions of the speckle images. This analysis method is shown to be highly suitable for the application to glacier flow. Registration of the pair of time lapsed images is performed by calculating the affine transform describing the image misalignment (introduced at either the recording or analysis stage) within the non-deforming areas of the field of view. Use of this novel technique allows pairs of single exposures, rather than double exposures, to be examined, and it also increases the sensitivity of measurement. Two dimensional motion fields representing glacier flow are presented, leading to the conclusion that the technique is feasible in sunlight illumination, for a variety of glacial surface types and at high imaging demagnifications.
Microbial interaction with animal cell surface carbohydrates. (1992)

Microbes have selected primarily carbohydrates for attachment to host animal cells. Recent studies have revealed essential characteristics in the recognition of receptor carbohydrates. Of importance is the property of recognizing also sequences placed inside an oligosaccharide chain, which differs from most animal antibodies. This is the basis for series of isoreceptors with the minimum receptor sequence in common but with separate neighbouring groups. There are families of microbial ligands that show different preferences for members within one series of isoreceptors, indicating only slight differences in the complementary binding sites of the proteins. Such differences may explain shifts in the selectivity of separate host tissues for infection. A second characteristic is the low affinity interaction often found where simple receptor-containing saccharides are unable to inhibit attachment. Technical possibilities are rapidly developing for the design of synthetic receptor analogues to be used in the therapy of clinical infections. This is urgently needed in cases where no rational therapy exists today.
Does human melanoma express carcinoembryonic antigen? (2000)

Our results confirm the presence of CEA in colon carcinoma but not in human cutaneous melanoma cell lines.
Hypocholesterolaemia and non-cardiovascular disease: metabolic studies on subjects with low plasma cholesterol concentrations. (1983)

Some epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse relation between serum cholesterol concentration and mortality from cancer. Two hypotheses that might explain such a relation were investigated. To assay potentially deleterious effects of hypocholesterolaemia on cell membranes the lipid content and fluidity of blood mononuclear cells were measured in healthy male volunteers with a wide range of serum cholesterol concentration (3.2-10.0 mmol/l (124-387 mg/100 ml)). Fluidity, unesterified cholesterol content, and the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid were unrelated to serum cholesterol and to low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Similar measurements were made on fibroblasts and mononuclear cells incubated with a range of concentrations of low density lipoprotein; fluidity was altered only at extremely low concentrations, suggesting that changes in cell membranes are unlikely to occur at serum cholesterol concentrations attainable by dietary or drug treatment of hyperlipidaemia. In the same population direct relations were confirmed between low density lipoprotein concentration and plasma concentrations of retinol and beta carotene. This is compatible with the suggestion that an association between low cholesterol concentration and cancer may be secondary to a relation between low retinoid concentrations and cancer.
Studies on keten and its derivatives. Part 89. Ethyl 4-substituted acetoacetates : synthesis and reaction with diketen (1979)

Ethyl 6-substituted 2,4-dihydroxybenzoates (13)–(18) were synthesized by reaction of diketen with 4-substituted acetoacetates (1)–(6). The keto esters (2)–(7) were prepared from ethyl 4-bromoacetoacetate (1).
Ballast-mounted PV arrays: Phase 2 final report (2000)

The expansive flat rooftops of industrial and commercial buildings across America offer the largest, most secure, and potentially least-cost real estate opportunity to install massive amounts of solar photovoltaic generation in the building sector. Unfortunately, mechanical penetration of roofing membranes is very expensive and perceived by building owners and operators to increase the likelihood of leaking. In response Ascension Technology has pioneered the development of low-cost ballasted approaches for mounting PV arrays. Recently, however, we have experienced our first two instances in which strong winds have moved our arrays on rooftops and heightened our interest, and the PV industries' need, to develop zero-penetration mounting techniques that are more secure, yet remain low in cost. In this PV BONUS project, Ascension Technology and its partners addressed wind loading on solar panels and the suitability of using frictional forces between ballast trays and roofing materials to resist PV arrays sliding on rooftops. The primary goal of the project is to capture the potential cost savings made possible by ballast-mounting by showing under what conditions it can satisfy wind loading concerns. A secondary goal is to address a more geographically constrained concern regarding withstanding seismic forces.
Oil-Free Screw Compressor or Oil-Injected Screw Compressor? (2000)

Atlas Copco China 1HK Ltd. has taken the biggest one in the Chinese compressor market shares. 1.The description of two types of screw compressor 2.The main applications of air compressor in China 3.Chinese customers' choices mainly upon air quality requirement 4.We promote oil-free compressor for customer's economy 5.Unique attraction of oil-injected compressorAs we know, compressors may be simply classified as dynamic compressor and displacement compressor, the displacement compressors confine successive volumes of gas within a closed space and increase the pressure by reducing the volume of the space.The displacement compressors are also classified as two types: rotary compressor and reciprocating compressor.As a major type of rotary and positive displacement compressor, the screw compressor has been playing more and more important role in the applications of compressors.
커뮤니티케어를 위한 농촌지역 경로당의 운영현황 및 이용실태 연구 - 원주시 흥업면 경로당을 중심으로 (2019)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the current status and use of Gyungrodang located in Heungeop-myeon, Wonju-si and to present improvement and implication for community care in rural area. Methods: The survey of the current status was conducted with interview and observations. The use status of Gyungrodang was surveyed for the elderly over 65 years old who live in Heungeop-myeon using questionnaire. A face-to-face interview was conducted to complete a questionnaire and 181 samples were collected for the study. Results: In the current status, some of the Gyungrodang did not operate during farming season. The external environment, in terms of accessibility, 74.2% of Gyungrodang were located more than 60 minutes on foot from community center, health post, and pharmacy. In addition, the interval between buses run minimum 15 minutes to 120 minutes on average. The internal structure, 35.7% was divided room and toilets. In the use status, the reason for non-use of the Gyungrodang was discomfort(29.0%), and the reason for using was because friends go to the Gyungrodang(44.6%). The most satisfying program was te health care program(65.6%). Implications: First, it is necessary to develop and operate customized health promotion program for target population and seasons. Second, it is necessary to make a plan focused on consumers’ needs through satisfaction and demand survey. Third, it is necessary to divide the space of each Gyungrodang by gender when planning the expansion or new construction of Gyungrodang.
Program/erase injection current characteristics of a low-voltage low-power NROM using high-K materials as the tunnel dielectric (2006)

The program and erase injection current characteristics of a NROM with SiO2, HfO2, LaAlO3 and Al2O3 as the tunnel dielectric, respectively, are studied in this paper. Due to the lower electron and hole energy barriers introduced by LaAlO3, both the program and erase injection current densities of the NROM using LaAlO3 as the tunnel dielectric are increased dramatically. The injection efficiency is also improved significantly, which indicates that the introduction of LaAlO3 can lower the operation voltage of NROM cells. We show that the bit line voltage can be reduced to 3 V for both program and erase operations of NROM cells with LaAlO3 of 5 nm and 8 nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). This can greatly reduce the additional circuits to generate high voltages in a nonvolatile memory chip, meanwhile maintaining sufficient program/erase (P/E) performance and reliability. Our study also shows that the drain disturb is alleviated during programming and erasing the NROM cell with the LaAlO3 tunnel dielectric due to the lower operating voltages (VBL = 3 V). Hence a low-voltage low-power NROM flash memory device operation can be achieved by using LaAlO3 as the tunnel dielectric, due to the enhancement of the P/E injection current.
Strength of Titanium Intramedullary Implant versus Miniplate Fixation of Mandibular Condyle Fractures (2012)

Mechanical implant failures that were encountered with miniplate fixation were not seen with titanium intramedullary implants. These intramedullary implants provide stronger and more rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures than miniplates in this in vitro model.
Sensitive electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for studying defects in semiconductors (1992)

The construction of a state-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for application to the studies of defects in semiconductors is described. The spectrometer is of superheterodyne type with low-frequency modulation of the magnetic field and working in dispersion. The use of a microwave synthesizer and a low-noise GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier results in ultrahigh sensitivity of the spectrometer which is experimentally shown to be 3×108 centers cm−3 with the test measurement being performed at 4.2 K for the easily saturable typical shallow donor center phosphorus in silicon. It is shown that this high sensitivity can be attributed to the use of the microwave synthesizer. The sensitivity of the spectrometer is improved by a factor 30 when a microwave synthesizer is used as microwave source instead of a quartz crystal stabilized klystron.
Autofluorescence spectrum of skin: component bands and body site variations (2000)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The autofluorescence spectrum of skin consists of a number of overlapping single spectra emitted by fluorescent molecules. The overlapping makes it difficult to distinguish changes in the overall spectrum and the molecular basis for it. We applied curve fitting analysis to decompose the autofluorescence spectrum of normal human skin and studied the variation in different body sites. METHODS: Skin autofluorescence spectra were obtained in vivo from the normal skin of 17 subjects, using 5 excitation wavelengths: 340, 350, 360, 370 and 380 nm. The spectra were displayed in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm. Curve fitting was performed for each spectrum using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. RESULTS: The skin autofluorescence spectra, provoked by all the excitation wavelengths, consisted of three component bands with center wavelengths at 450 nm, 520 nm and 625 nm. The 450 nm band contributed about 75% to the intensity of the overall spectrum, the 520 nm band contributed 25%, and the 625 nm band contributed about 2%. The three bands may correspond mainly to the fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and porphyrins. Significant differences were found between the spectra of forehead and buttock skin. In forehead skin, the 625 nm band contributed more to the intensity of the overall spectrum, while the 450 nm and 520 nm bands had much lower peak heights, and the 450 nm and 625 nm bands were broader. CONCLUSIONS: The autofluorescence of skin is an overlapped spectra of molecules such as NADH, FAD, and porphyrins. These molecules contribute differently to the overall spectrum in different body sites.
Oncogenes, Trousseau Syndrome, and Cancer-Related Changes in the Coagulome of Mice and Humans (2006)

Cancer is often associated with venous thrombosis, a phenomenon that was first described by Trousseau in 1865 (Trousseau syndrome). Recent studies have begun to explain how oncogenic events may deregulate the hemostatic system. For instance, activated oncogenes (K-ras, EGFR, PML-RARalpha, and MET) or inactivated tumor suppressors (e.g., 53 or PTEN) may increase the risk of thrombosis by inducing the expression of tissue factor, a potent procoagulant molecule, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, a fibrinolysis inhibitor. In a more complex clinical reality, transforming genes may often act in concert with numerous epigenetic factors, including hypoxia, inflammation, anticancer therapy, contact between blood and metastatic cancer cells, and emission of procoagulant vesicles from tumors and their stroma into the circulation. To add to mechanistic insights gained from mouse models, which may not fully phenocopy human Trousseau syndrome, we suggest that valuable clues to progression and thrombosis risk may be obtained by monitoring multiple hemostatic variables in cancer patients ("coagulomics").
Stable Isotope Labeled Target Compounds: Preparation and Use as Internal Standards in Quantitative Mass Spectrometry (1998)

<p>In this contribution we wish to address some routes to stable isotope labeled compounds, preferrably starting with the intact target molecule, and their use as internal standards in quantitative mass spectrometry. The methods surveyed include, besides others, HID-exchange reactions and reductive deuteration procedures. Oxygen-18 exchange of carboxylic oxygen and phenolic hydroxyls with various catalysts is also covered. Partial and total synthesis is also discussed, predominantly for the incorporation of carbon-13, nitrogen-15, and selected deuterated functionalities. Special attention is paid to the stability of the obtained label to back-exchange, which would preclude the compounds from using them as internal standards. </p> <p> This review is dedicated to Professor Helmut Gleispach on the occasion of his 6oth birthday and in recognition of his many contributions to the field of analytical mass spectrometry. </p>
A Novel Dithiol Amide CB3 Attenuates Allergic Airway Disease through Negative Regulation of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (2011)

These results suggest that CB3 attenuates allergic airway disease by up-regulation of GSH levels as well as inhibition of NF-κB and p38 MAPK activity.
Extracellular domain of prolactin receptor from bovine mammary gland: expression in Escherichia coli, purification and characterization of its interaction with lactogenic hormones (1995)

The cDNA of the extracellular domain of bovine prolactin receptor (bPRLR-ECD) was cloned and expressed at high yield as an insoluble protein in Escherichia coli. This protein was solubilized, refolded and purified to > 98% homogeneity yielding 80 mg of monomeric fraction per 2 litres of induced culture. Its molecular mass was 25.7 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE in the absence of reducing agent and 24 kDa by gel filtration on a Superdex column. Binding experiments revealed that bPRLR-ECD binds to human (h) GH (hGH) with high affinity, whereas its affinity for ovine (o) or bovine (b) prolactins (PRLs) was lower and for bovine placental lactogen (bPL) very low. The affinity of bPRLR-ECD for the latter three hormones was, however, much higher than that of membrane-embedded or solubilized bPRLR. The stoichiometries of interaction of bPRLR-ECD with hGH, oPRL, bPRL and bPL were determined by gel-filtration chromatography. Even at a 3:1 ECD excess, only 1:1 complexes were detected at microM concentrations of ECD and ligand. At an up to 32-fold dilution, the complexes with oPRL, bPRL, and particularly bPL, underwent progressive dissociation, whereas the complex with hGH remained stable. Although all four hormones exhibited nearly identical activity in the Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay, the ability of bPRLR-ECD to inhibit hormonal mitogenic activities differed, generally reflecting its affinity for the respective hormones. In view of these and previous results, we suggest that, unlike in the GH:GHR-ECD interaction, neither the stoichiometry of interaction of bovine or other PRLR-ECDs nor the affinity constants can predict the biological potency of the different lactogenic hormones.
Third component of complement (C3): structural properties in relation to functions. (1975)

The third component of complement (C3) fulfills a pivotal role in the functions of the complement system. We have investigated the topological relationships among its polypeptide chains, physiologic fragments, enzyme attack regions, and functional sites. C3 consists of two chains (alpha and beta) which are linked by disulfide bonds and noncovalent forces and which have molecular weights of, respectively, 120,000 and 75,000. C3 is activated by action of C3 convertase on the alpha-chain. With hydrolysis of one polypeptide bonds, C3a, the 9000 dalton activation peptide is dislocated from the NH2-terminal portion of the alpha-chain. A previously concealed binding region is thereby transiently revealed in the C3b-fragment (181,000 dalton) which displays affinity for apparently nonspecific acceptors present on biological membranes. Binding of nascent C3b membranes occurs through the C3d portion of the fragment because subsequent action of the C3b-inactivator or trypsin on bound C3b causes release of C3c, but not of C3d. Bound C3b and C3d possess stable sites that are capable of binding to specific receptors present on a limited variety of cells. We propose that all known physiologically occurring fragments of C3 arise by enzymatic cleavage of the alpha-chain: C3a, C3b, C3c, and C3d. Whereas C3a (alpha1) and C3e (alpha2) consist of a single chain and C3b consists of two chains (alpha' and beta), C3c is composed of the entire beta-chain and multiple fragments of the alpha-chain, each of which is linked by disulfide bonds to the beta-chain.