gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The immunologic response to xenografts. Recognition of mouse H-2 histocompatibility antigens by the rat. (1971)

The humoral response of rats to mouse xenografts included production of antibodies that detected the major histocompatibility alloantigens of donor mice with remarkable specificity. Although these antibodies were present in high titer, their effects were generally masked by “species-specific” activity until after appropriate absorptions. The absorption process produced significant anticomplementary activity in the absorbed sera, which may explain difficulties previously experienced in recognizing allospecificity in xenoantisera. The fact that histocompatibility alloantigens, unlike other alloantigens, are recognized readily by a xenogeneic host may indicate greater homology between major histocompatibility antigens of different species than was previously recognized.
Improved Reliability by Reduction of Hot-Electron Damage in the Vertical Impact-Ionization MOSFET (I-MOS) (2007)

This letter presents experimental results and explanations on the reduced degradation caused by hot carriers of the vertical impact-ionization MOSFET (I-MOS) compared to the lateral device. The control and reduction of hot-carrier damage in an impact-ionization device is an important issue to make it a serious alternative for the conventional MOSFET to overcome the kT/q limit for the subthreshold slope of 60 mV/dec at room temperature. The vertical I-MOS shows an excellent subthreshold slope of about 13 mV/dec combined with a suppression of hot-carrier damage for the most part for many tens of thousands of switching cycles. We will explain the effects, which lead to this stability and validate it by measurements and simulations
Development of an Earthquake Early Warning System Using Real-Time Strong Motion Signals (2008)

As urbanization progresses worldwide, earthquakes pose serious threat to livesand properties for urban areas near major active faults on land or subduction zonesoffshore. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) can be a useful tool for reducing earthquakehazards, if the spatial relation between cities and earthquake sources is favorable for suchwarning and their citizens are properly trained to respond to earthquake warning messages.An EEW system forewarns an urban area of forthcoming strong shaking, normally with afew sec to a few tens of sec of warning time, i.e., before the arrival of the destructive Swavepart of the strong ground motion. Even a few second of advanced warning time willbe useful for pre-programmed emergency measures for various critical facilities, such asrapid-transit vehicles and high-speed trains to avoid potential derailment; it will be alsouseful for orderly shutoff of gas pipelines to minimize fire hazards, controlled shutdown ofhigh-technological manufacturing operations to reduce potential losses, and safe-guardingof computer facilities to avoid loss of vital databases. We explored a practical approach toEEW with the use of a ground-motion period parameter τc and a high-pass filtered verticaldisplacement amplitude parameter Pd from the initial 3 sec of the P waveforms. At a givensite, an earthquake magnitude could be determined from τ<sub>c</sub> and the peak ground-motionvelocity (PGV) could be estimated from Pd. In this method, incoming strong motion acceleration signals are recursively converted to ground velocity and displacement. A Pwavetrigger is constantly monitored. When a trigger occurs, τ<sub>c</sub> and Pd are computed. Theearthquake magnitude and the on-site ground-motion intensity could be estimated and thewarning could be issued. In an ideal situation, such warnings would be available within 10sec of the origin time of a large earthquake whose subsequent ground motion may last fortens of seconds.
A 70-MHz 32-b microprocessor with 1.0- mu m BiCMOS macrocell library (1990)

A custom 529 K-transistor microprocessor with a five-stage pipeline has been implemented on a 12.98-mm/sup 2/ die. Employing BiCMOS macrocells, a 32-b execution unit, extensible ROM, RAM, a PLL (phase-locked loop) clock generator with bipolar drivers, and sense circuits, and a peak performance of 70 MIPS (million instructions per second) are achieved. Power consumption is 2.1 W at 40 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complexity of rice-water stool from patients with <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> plays a role in the transmission of infectious diarrhea (2007)

At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, one-half of the rice-water stool samples that were culture-positive for Vibrio cholerae did not contain motile V. cholerae by standard darkfield microscopy and were defined as darkfield-negative (DF(-)). We evaluated the host and microbial factors associated with DF status, as well as the impact of DF status on transmission. Viable counts of V. cholerae in DF(-) stools were three logs lower than in DF(+) stools, although DF(-) and DF(+) stools had similar direct counts of V. cholerae by microscopy. In DF(-) samples, non-V. cholerae bacteria outnumbered V. cholerae 10:1. Lytic V. cholerae bacteriophage were present in 90% of DF(-) samples compared with 35% of DF(+) samples, suggesting that bacteriophage may limit culture-positive patients from producing DF(+) stools. V. cholerae in DF(-) and DF(+) samples were found both planktonically and in distinct nonplanktonic populations; the distribution of organisms between these compartments did not differ appreciably between DF(-) and DF(+) stools. This biology may impact transmission because epidemiological data suggested that household contacts of a DF(+) index case were at greater risk of infection with V. cholerae. We propose a model in which V. cholerae multiply in the small intestine to produce a fluid niche that is dominated by V. cholerae. If lytic phage are present, viable counts of V. cholerae drop, stools become DF(-), other microorganisms bloom, and cholera transmission is reduced.
Circulating Immunoreactive Oxytocin During the Human Menstrual Cycle Comes From the Pituitary and Is Estradiol Dependent* (1989)

The aims of this study were to 1) evaluate the relative contributions of hypothalamic and ovarian oxytocin (OT) to peripheral serum concentrations and 2) determine the relationship between serum OT and ovarian steroid concentrations. Four groups of women were studied: 1) women with spontaneous cycles (n = 4) and normal serum estradiol (E2), progesterone, LH, and FSH levels; 2) in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients (n = 8) undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation; 3) agonadal oocyte-recipient patients (n = 6) receiving replacement E2 and P therapy; and 4) postmenopausal women (n = 21). Peripheral serum samples were collected daily during a menstrual cycle from the normal and agonadal women and for 6 days before ovulation in the IVF group. Serum immunoreactive OT was measured by specific RIA after Sep-Pak extraction; the assay sensitivity was 0.6 pmol/L. Serum OT in the women with normal cycles increased during the follicular phase, reaching a peak 1 day after the LH surge, and decreased in the luteal phase [days 7, 16, and 21, 10.7 +/- 3.5 (mean +/- SE), 25.7 +/- 5.7, and 13.2 +/- 2.5 pmol/L, respectively; P less than 0.05]. Serum OT levels were higher in IVF patients before ovulation than in women with spontaneous cycles, but lower than those in the agonadal women, who had a peak value (49.1 +/- 9.6 pmol/L; P less than 0.05) on day 13 of E2/progesterone replacement therapy. Serum OT was positively correlated (r = 0.68, normal women; r = 0.91, oocyte recipients) with serum E2 values during the first part of the cycle (P less than 0.01). A similar positive correlation between serum OT and E2 was found in the postmenopausal women (r = 0.83). We conclude that serum OT before and around the time of ovulation comes mainly from the pituitary, and not from the ovary, and is E2 dependent.
The world’s first stock exchange: how the Amsterdam market for Dutch East India Company shares became a modern securities market, 1602-1700 (2011)

In zeventiende-eeuws Amsterdam werd voor het eerst in de wereldgeschiedenis op grote schaal in aandelen gehandeld. Het ging hierbij om aandelen in de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC). Lodewijk Petram onderzocht de zeventiende-eeuwse Amsterdamse aandelenmarkt door de ontwikkeling van die markt vanaf de oprichting van de VOC in 1602 tot ruwweg het einde van de zeventiende eeuw te analyseren. Zijn belangrijkste conclusie is dat de markt zich in de periode 1630 1650 ontwikkelde tot een moderne effectenmarkt. De aandelenmarkt werd zeer liquide en er vond constant een proces van price discovery plaats. Door de liquiditeit van de markt hoefden handelaars weinig moeite te doen als zij een aandeel wilden kopen of verkopen. Zij konden dit ook altijd voor een prijs dicht bij de marktprijs doen. De moderne aandelenbeursen vinden daarmee hun oorsprong in 17e-eeuws Amsterdam.
Airfoil Separation Control for Aerodynamic Performance Enhancement of Rotor-Blade (1999)

A new flow control method, which buzzing a portion of an airfoil surface to improve aerodynamic performance of helicopter rotor blade at low Reynolds numbers, is investigated. Through wind tunnel testing, a variety of Reynolds numbers over the range of dynamic stall , oscillating frequencies and amplitudes we tested to find the effects of these parameters on the aerodynamic performance of the selected airfoil(NACA 0012). The main logic of this idea is to prevent leading-edge laminar separation by direct perturbation of flow field around the airfoil surface. The results show that aerodynamic performance can be greatly improved after stall onset, and give the some possibilities of this concept to enhance the aerodynamic and aero-acoustic performance of the helicopter blade in the future.
Maximum likelihood parametric blur identification based on a continuous spatial domain model (1992)

A formulation for maximum-likelihood (ML) blur identification based on parametric modeling of the blur in the continuous spatial coordinates is proposed. Unlike previous ML blur identification methods based on discrete spatial domain blur models, this formulation makes it possible to find the ML estimate of the extent, as well as other parameters, of arbitrary point spread functions that admit a closed-form parametric description in the continuous coordinates. Experimental results are presented for the cases of 1-D uniform motion blur, 2-D out-of-focus blur, and 2-D truncated Gaussian blur at different signal-to-noise ratios.
Mash Droid: An Approach to Mobile-Oriented Dynamic Services Discovery and Composition by In-App Search (2015)

The popularity of smartphones and tablet computers in recent years makes mobile apps burst. Mobile apps have become the main consumers of the Internet-based services. Compared to traditional applications in the desktop computing era, mobile devices with their apps bring new opportunities and challenges to service computing community, in various aspects like service publication, discovery, interaction, composition, et al. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven, content-based mobile apps composition approach, called Mash Droid, by leveraging a novel In-App Search mechanism, i.e., Discovering relevant services for the data and content in apps. Rather than existing techniques that usually integrate fixed Web services, our approach relies on the dynamic service discovery and flexible data exchange between several apps. The unique feature of our approach is enabling the data communication channel between apps by the content index services provided by a leading Android appstore, Wandoujia, which now has over 1,000,000 apps and 200 million users. We employ the In-App Search mechanism to define a Restful-style app model and resource-oriented app description model. Based on the models, we design a framework for dynamically discovering relevant apps that could be composed with current app's contexts. We implement a prototype to demonstrate our approach.
Enhancement of the dimensional stability of natural wood by impregnates (2005)

Purpose To investigate the effects of acetylation process as a chemical treatment method to improve the dimensional stability of wood, or as a pre‐treatment step to enhance the dimensional stability of wood by impregnates. Design/methodology/approach Esterification of two species of wood were carried out by vapour and liquid phase acetylation processes. With the vapour phase acetylation process, wood with different acetyl contents were obtained by changing the length of time of treatment. With the liquid phase acetylation, different acetyl content were obtained by changing the acetylating mixture or by activating wood with acetic acid for different periods of time and at different temperatures prior to the acetylation processes. The acetyl content and the conditions of impregnation improving the dimensional stability were modelled and optimised. The success of acetylation process for improving the affinity of wood towards the impregnation was also demonstrated. Findings Vapour phase acetylation process was preferable over liquid phase acetylation for improving both water resistance and dimensional stability of wood species examined. Liquid acetylating of wood, as a pre‐treatment step enhanced the effect of impregnates, especially the linseed oil to improve relevant wood properties. The greater improvement was obtained at 3 h impregnation time and 190°C curing temperature for 1 h. Research limitations/implications Despite the success in improving the affinity of wood species to novolac by pre‐acetylation, increasing the curing time and curing temperature led to deterioration of the water resistance and dimensional stability. Practical implications Pre‐acetylation of the wood provided a practical solution to rendering the natural wood greater water resistance property using commercial impregnates. Originality/value The method for acetylation of wood prior to impregnation was novel and could be used for inhibiting wood against moisture absorption during storage.
An extensible architecture for main-memory real-time storage systems (2002)

M/sup 2/ RTSS is a main-memory storage system, which has been under recent development at Seoul National University as a vehicle for high-performance and real-time database application research. To deal with requirements from various applications, M/sup 2/ RTSS architecture is designed to have extensibility in many aspects of storage system functionality. One crucial aspect of such extensibility is that the user is allowed to compose application-specific, high-level operations with a basic set of operations supplied by the system. Called composite actions in M/sup 2/ RTSS, these operations run on a customized M/sup 2/ RTSS server with minimum interprocess communication with user processes, thus increasing the overall performance of executing user transactions. The object-oriented design and implementation of the whole M/sup 2/ RTSS system facilitates this type of application-specific extension as well as other types in transaction scheduling and recovery. This paper first describes the overall architecture of M/sup 2/ RTSS and then explores the composition of application-specific operations in detail.
Overview of Active Polymer-Based Packaging Technologies for Food Applications (2004)

Abstract There has been a growing interest and effort over the last few years in the development of novel food packaging concepts, which can play a proactive role regarding product preservation, shelf-life extension, and even improvement. Several strategies have been devised to exert a positive action over the packaged foodstuff, including retention of desirable molecules (i.e., aldehydes, oxygen) and release of substances (i.e., carbon dioxide, aromas). These new developments have been generally termed active packaging technologies. However, many of these emerging active packaging technologies are finding in the versatility and special properties of plastic materials an efficient vehicle to exploit and enhance their commercial interest. This overview examines the most recent developments and technologies designed to include the active principle within the plastic packaging materials and generally termed active plastics technologies. Due to the novelty of most of these active packaging developments, the scope of this article has mainly been focused on peer-reviewed literature as this offers, in principle, a more objective description of these new technologies.
Immunocontraception in Eastern Gray Squirrels (<i>Sciurus carolinensis</i>): Morphologic Changes in Reproductive Organs (2011)

Eastern gray squirrels (EGS) (Sciurus carolinensis) damage trees through bark stripping or gnawing due to territorial marking or agonistic gnawing behavior in concert with higher densities. This study was conducted to determine the effects of a contraceptive vaccine on EGS and its reproductive organ histology. Free-ranging urban EGS were vaccinated with the immunocontraceptive GonaCon. All EGS were > or = 6 mo of age as determined by a combination of pelage characteristics and body weights. The vaccine was administered by injection at a dosage rate of 0.4 ml containing 400 microg of GnRH-mollusk protein conjugate i.m. in the thigh to 33 EGS (17 male [m], 16 female [f]) in trapping session 1 (TS1), 23 (14 m, 9 f) in trapping session 2 (TS2), and 11 (8 m, 3 f) in trapping session 3 (TS3). A sham injection containing 0.4 ml saline-AdjuVac was given as control to 22 EGS (16 m, 6 f) in TS1, 20 (12 m, 8 f) in TS2, and 8 (4 m, 4 f) in TS3. In the last trapping session (TS4), 35 EGS (16 treated, 19 control) were killed for necropsy to evaluate histologic changes in testes and ovaries. Treated EGS males had testicular, prostatic, and epididymal atrophy compared with control EGS males. The tubuli seminiferi and prostatic glandular lumen of treated EGS males were atrophic, and the epididymal lumen contained no sperm cells. No histologic changes were observed in treated EGS females; however, females likely were not collected when changes due to GonaCon would have been observed. There were no observable histologic differences in the pituitary gland of treated and control EGS. There were no statistically significant differences in either testosterone or progesterone concentrations between control and treated EGS. Although there were no serious side effects to the vaccine, six EGS developed injection site abscesses. GonaCon may be a potential tool for EGS population control.
Introduction (2011)

The Amazon (also referred to as continental Amazon or pan-Amazônia) extends its limits beyond the Amazon River basin, including part of the Tocantins and Orinoco river basins and some other small basins. Its territory includes eight South American countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, and Suriname) over an area of approximately 7.5 million square kilometers (most of which is located in Brazil), comprising approximately 44 percent of the territory of South America. The Amazon contains the largest freshwater reserve and forest cover on the planet, sheltering a mosaic of ecosystems with a great variety of species of fauna and flora, some of which are still unknown to science, and it is home to diverse indigenous communities, holders of ancestral knowledge and cultures. This region provides sustenance to its inhabitants, such as food, building materials, medicines, and other products, and has great potential as a field for scientific research and the development of the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The Amazon has recognized global importance because it plays a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, regional hydrology, and terrestrial carbon storage capacity. Due to its conspicuous ecological characteristics, the Amazon benefits not only the basin States, but also the international community at large.
(4 TIMING AND RF SYNCHRONIZATION FOR FILLING PEP/SPEAR WITH THE SLC DAMPING RINGS’ (1989)

An innovative timing and rf synchronization system has been built and commissioned which allows the direct injection of 1 mm sigma/sub z/ e/sup +/ or e/sup /minus// bunches from the SLC Damping Rings (..nu../sub rf/ = 714 MHz) into the storage rings PEP (..nu../sub rf/ = 353 MHz) and SPEAR (..nu../sub rf/ = 358 MHz). The required relative stability of these oscillators is 10/sup /minus/9/ since the beams may be stored in each damping ring (DR) for up to 0.2 sec., during which no timing correction is made, and must be delivered within a 0.5 nsec window. This stability has been obtained by phase-locking the storage ring rf to the LINAC-DR master oscillator. In order to obtain bunched beams for acceleration in the LINAC 10.5 cm rf structure while maintaining the storage ring timing requirements, the Subharmonic Buncher and Damping Ring rf are phase-shifted using GaAs digital circuitry. This paper describes the phase-locked loops, the rf distribution system, the S-band resettable dividers and the interpulse timing system components used in this project. 4 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Self-educators and coaches at a school of development studies : a case study of Third World professionals in Europe (2001)

The Institute of Social Studies is Europe's longest-
[Clinical analysis of ocular siderosis]. (2007)

The intraocular foreign body < or = 2.0 mm was most frequently found in ocular siderosis and mainly located on pars plane or near the ora serrate. Orbital radiogram has advantage to diagnose the intraocular foreign bodies, and UBM can be used as an assistant image-related approach for checking the intraocular foreign body on the anterior segment. Most cases were in Stage III and IV by ERG. Vitrectomy is the most effective approach to remove the intraocular foreign bodies.
A New Decentralized Planning Strategy for Flocking of Swarm Robots (2010)

In this paper, we present a new decentralized planning strategy, named Triangular Formation Algorithm (TFA), for swarm robots. This strategy is expanded to large scale swarm by utilizing an appropriate neighbour selection method. For swarm obstacle avoidance, a simplified artificial physical model is introduced to work with the TFA. Simulation results showed that the swarm behaviours such as aggregation, flocking and obstacle avoidance in an unknown environment are achieved effectively.