gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards characterizing the nonlocality of entangled quantum states (2003)

We propose a so-called pseudo-telepathy game for n players demonstrating the nonlocality of quantum information. The simplicity of its classical analysis contrasts the often quite involved analysis of previously proposed such games (G. Brassard, 1999). Moreover, our game allows for a quantitative characterization of entanglement in terms of communication complexity.
Intervertebral Implant Performance Based on Dynamic Stiffness Response (2015)

Intervertebral implant stiffness has traditionally been assessed under static conditions. The implant/vertebra construct was subjected to mechanical loading under dynamic conditions with resulting data analyzed using non-linear regression to extract dynamic response parameters. The intervertebral implants evaluated were a Threaded-Titanium, Oval-Titanium and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) device. Specimens were loaded from -50N to -350N at 1Hz for 600 cycles with continuous load versus deformation acquired at cycle 10 and at 25 cycle intervals thereafter. Elastic stiffness for each design was averaged across respective cycle intervals and subjected to a nonlinear analysis. Resulting model parameters were compared using a 1 way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test for statistical differences between designs. From the stiffness versus cycle non-linear regression analysis, a two phase exponential fit was the preferred model yielding two stiffness rate parameters (K1 and K2). No statistically significant differences were detected for the Fast component (K2), however, for the Slow component (K1), a statistically decreased stiffness rate was detected (P<0.01) for the Oval-Titanium implant compared to both the Threaded-Titanium and PEEK implants. Gradual stiffening of the Oval-Titanium implant may be mechanically advantageous during initial osteogenesis by providing a more stable mechanical environment, potentially reducing the risk for subsidence.
Point-to-Point trajectory planning of flexible redundant robot manipulators using genetic algorithms (2002)

The paper focuses on the problem of point-to-point trajectory planning for flexible redundant robot manipulators (FRM) in joint space. Compared with irredundant flexible manipulators, a FRM possesses additional possibilities during point-to-point trajectory planning due to its kinematics redundancy. A trajectory planning method to minimize vibration and/or executing time of a point-to-point motion is presented for FRMs based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Kinematics redundancy is integrated into the presented method as planning variables. Quadrinomial and quintic polynomial are used to describe the segments that connect the initial, intermediate, and final points in joint space. The trajectory planning of FRM is formulated as a problem of optimization with constraints. A planar FRM with three flexible links is used in simulation. Case studies show that the method is applicable.
Handbook for estimating physicochemical properties of organic compounds (1999)

The estimation of the physicochemical properties (density, boiling point, melting point) of a compound is a vital tool in determining its applications, manufacturing, relations with the environment, and potential hazards to workers, users, and the environment. The print component of this unique work details the theory behind physicochemical property estimation and demonstrates the methods of estimating these properties. The CD-ROM is a database of property values for thousands of organic compounds as well as a computing tool for estimating unknown compounds.
Control Theory Based Rating Recommendation for Reputation Systems (2006)

Reputation system is used in online markets as a trust-enforcing, deterrent, and incentive mechanism. Rating filtering mechanism is necessary in a reputation system to eliminate the impact of unfairly positive or unfairly negative ratings. The assumption that raters with low reputation are likely to give unfair ratings is not always reasonable. This paper proposes and evaluates a control theory based rating recommendation updating algorithm, which is helpful to exclude unfair ratings from reputation systems. We use recommendation trust to indicate the credibility for one's rating. Since reputation is used as a social control mechanism, we apply PID (proportional integral derivative) control algorithm into the recommendation trust updating, which uses the rating deviation as the controller input. The experiments demonstrate that this approach can verify malicious peers quickly, especially those collusive ones. Although some improvement of reputation aggregation is needed, a reputation system with such a recommendation trust updating algorithm is feasible and effective for distributed heterogeneous systems
A brief account of the hibiscus mealybug<i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i>(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a pest of agriculture and horticulture, with descriptions of two related species from southern Asia (1996)

Abstract The mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) occurs in many tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World and extends into some temperate areas. It has now reached the West Indies where it is causing extensive damage to plants. There is concern that it may be introduced to the southern USA and to Central and South America. A brief account is given of reported damage caused by M. hirsutus to some commercial and food crops in Asia and Africa and the species is redescribed. M. multipori (Takahashi), now known from a wide area in southern Asia, is redescribed, and M. ramchensis sp. n. from Nepal, is described as new. These two species are closely related to M. hirsutus and can easily be mistaken for it. M. hirsutus and M. multipori are sometimes intercepted at quarantine inspection of plants and plant produce in the USA and Europe. In order to aid identification, a key is provided to the eight species presently included in the genus Maconellicoccus Ezzat.
Solidification, structures, and properties of cast metal-ceramic particle composites (1986)

Solidification synthesis of cast metal-ceramic particle composite materials by dispersing hard or soft ceramic particles (including microballoons) and short fibres in molten alloys before solidification is described. Microstructures synthesized using a variety of casting techniques such as gravity or pressure die casting, centrifugal casting, and squeeze casting are discussed. Techniques to obtain a selected distribution of dispersed particles in cast alloy matrices by controlling solidification parameters and inducing melt particle wettability are reviewed. These cast metal-ceramic particle composites represent low cost, high performance, tailor made substitute materials for a variety of automotive and electromechanical applications such as pistons, cylinder liners, bearings, and current collectors, resulting in savings of material and energy.
High Performance (AlAs/n-GaAs Superlattice)/GaAs 2DEGFETs with Stabilized Threshold Voltage (1984)

Novel two dimensional electron gas FETs, which have a short period AlAs/n-GaAs superlattice for an electron supplying layer, were successfully fabricated for the first time using a molecular beam epitaxy and a conventional recessed gate process. The threshold voltage changes with changes in temperature (77–300 K) and resulting from light illumination are effectively suppressed (Δ V T ≈0.1 V). This stability is ascribed to low deep electron trap concentration in the superlattice. The high intrinsic transconductances of 325 mS/mm (77 K) and 146 mS/mm (300 K) are obtained for 3 µm gate FETs.
Morphological evolution of 2D Rh nanoplates to 3D Rh concave nanotents, hierarchically stacked nanoframes, and hierarchical dendrites (2015)

Impurity doping has yielded a number of useful optical and catalytic alloy nanoparticles, by providing synthetic routes to unprecedented nanostructures. However, Zn is difficult to use as a dopant in alloy nanoparticles due to the difficulty in reduction, and therefore little has been reported on Zn-doped alloy nanoparticles and their potential applications. Herein we report an unusual role of the dopant Zn as a crystal growth modifying agent to cause the formation of novel concave Rh nanostructures, namely nanotents. We could further prepare unprecedented hierarchically stacked Rh nanoframes and dendritic nanostructures derived from them by understanding the role of various surface-stabilizing moieties. We also report the usage of new Rh nanostructures in selective hydrogenation of phthalimides.
Effect of Thermodynamic Restriction on Energy Cost Optimization of RO Membrane Water Desalination (2008)

Advances in highly permeable reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have enabled desalting operations, in which it is practically feasible for the applied pressure to approach the osmotic pressure of the exit brine stream. However, energy cost remains a major contributor to the total cost of water produced by RO membrane desalination. Reduction of the overall cost of water production represents a major challenge and, in the present work, various elements of water production cost are evaluated from the viewpoint of optimization, with respect to various costs (energy, membrane area and permeability, brine management, and pressure drop), as well as the important thermodynamic cross-flow constraint, utilization of energy recovery devices, and operational feed and permeate flow rate constraints. More specifically, in the present study, an approach to the optimization of product water recovery at pressures that approach the osmotic pressure of the exit brine stream is presented via several simple RO process models that utilize highly permeable membranes. The results suggest that it is indeed feasible to refine RO processes to target for operation under the condition of minimum energy consumption, while considering the constraint imposed by the osmotic pressure, as specified by the thermodynamic cross-flow restriction. Although it is shown that multistage RO provides energy savings, this is at the expense of greater membrane area cost. Overall, as process costs above energy costs are added, the operational point for achieving minimum water production cost shifts to higher recoveries. Although the newer generation of RO membranes can allow high recovery operations at lower pressures, limitations due to mineral scaling and fouling impose additional constraints. The incorporation of these phenomena in the optimization approach is the subject of ongoing research.
Escherichia coli-based cell-free extract development for protein-based cancer therapeutic production (2016)

Cell-free protein synthesis has been around for decades but it has never been close to becoming a robust tool for the production of biotherapeutic agents. In this review, we focus on how Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis can be modified in various ways to produce challenging, complex anticancer biotherapeutics. Here we report progress in extract preparation and its relation to cell-free cancer research. The future prospects of cell-free technology and its potential in various areas of cancer therapeutics production are also highlighted.
High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using a New Amorphous Molecular Material with High Hole Drift Mobility, Tris[4‐(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (2009)

Abstract A new amorphous molecular material, tris[4‐(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (TPTPA), is synthesized and characterized. TPTPA forms a stable amorphous glass with a glass‐transition temperature of 83 °C when the melt sample is cooled. It also forms amorphous thin films by a thermal deposition technique. TPTPA exhibits a hole drift mobility of 1.0 × 10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at an electric field of 1.0 × 10 5 V cm −1 and at 293 K, as determined by the time‐of‐flight method, which is of the highest level among those of amorphous molecular materials. pn‐Heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) using TPTPA as an electron donor and C 60 or C 70 as an electron acceptor exhibit high performance with fill factors of 0.66∼0.71 and power conversion efficiencies of 1.7∼2.2% under air‐mass (AM) 1.5G illumination at an intensity of 100 mW cm −2 , which are of the highest level ever reported for OPVs using amorphous molecular materials.
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing (2002)

Welcome to MobiHoc 2002, the Third ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, and to beautiful Lausanne, Switzerland! This year marks a new milestone in the growth and evolution of this conference, with the first year that MobiHoc has been held outside the United States. After expanding to a two-day conference last year, this year MobiHoc has grown again, adding two half-day tutorials on the day before the two full days of the main conference.A total of 134 papers were submitted to the conference this year, from which the Technical Program Committee (TPC) selected the 22 best papers to make up the final program presented here. As an indication of the international nature of the conference and the research area, the submitted papers came from 19 different countries, with 7 countries represented among the accepted papers. The final program includes papers from research organizations within universities, industry, and government labs.All paper submission and reviewing was handled entirely electronically through a web-based system. Each paper received at least 3 reviews from the TPC, with some papers receiving 4 or more reviews. All reviewing was double-blind, where the identities of the authors were withheld from the reviewers. Once all of the reviews had been completed, the TPC discussed and debated the merits of each paper through email in order to reach consensus. The discussion of each paper was open to all TPC members, excluding conflicts of interest for each paper, and due to the nature of email and the nature of time zones, the discussion was very active almost 24-hours a day over a period of about one and half weeks. In total, 639 individual email messages were exchanged as part of this discussion, many of which were quite technical and detailed in probing the strengths and weaknesses of one paper or another. In the end, we believe that this process promoted a careful consideration of each paper and resulted in an excellent program of the best work in mobile ad hoc networking and computing.The conference technical program is arranged into a single track, also including a keynote speaker, a research poster session, and a panel discussion session. Our keynote speaker is Martha Steenstrup of Stowe Research, who will speak on Think Globally, Act Locally: A Credo for Mobile Ad Hoc Networking. The topic of the panel session is On the Unsuitability of IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth for Mobile Ad Hoc Networking, which is sure to prompt interesting arguments on both sides of this topical issue.
Miniature Implantable System Dedicated to Bi-Channel Selective Neurostimulation (2007)

This paper concerns the design and implementation of a Bi-channel Selective Neurostimulator (BSN). It is dedicated to demonstrate the efficiency of bilateral sacral roots stimulation during chronic experiments in small animals (rats). The complete BSN implant has been highly miniaturized. It is powered and controlled by an inductive RF link and includes two channels. Even though they are meant for simultaneous operation, the channels outputs are synchronized to avoid drawing high stimulation currents at the same time. In addition, an alternating monophasic stimulation is used to reduce charge injection while keeping the advantage of charge balancing of the biphasic stimulation. The BSN prototype has been assembled on two circular printed circuit boards of 2-cm diameter each. With a total rms power consumption of less than 15mW, the BSN can provide a stimulation current up to 2mA, with maximum pulse width of 210μs and a maximum frequency of 2kHz.
Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ)/Smad Transcriptional Responses through Targeted Degradation of TGFβ-inducible Early Gene-1 by Human Seven in Absentia Homologue (2002)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1) is a Krüppel-like transcription factor that is rapidly induced upon TGFbeta treatment. TIEG1 promotes TGFbeta/Smad signaling by down-regulating negative feedback through the inhibitory Smad7. In this report, we describe the identification of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, Seven in Absentia homologue-1 (SIAH1), as a TIEG1-interacting protein. We show that TIEG1 and SIAH1 interact through an amino-terminal domain of TIEG1. Co-expression of SIAH1 results in proteasomal degradation of TIEG1 but not of the related factor TIEG2. Importantly, co-expression of SIAH1 completely reverses repression of Smad7 promoter activity by TIEG1. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant negative SIAH1 stabilizes TIEG1 and synergizes with TIEG1 to enhance TGFbeta/Smad-dependent transcriptional activation. These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby the ability of TGFbeta to modulate gene transcription may be regulated by proteasomal degradation of the downstream effector TIEG1 through the SIAH pathway. In this manner, turnover of TIEG1 may serve to limit the duration and/or magnitude of TGFbeta responses.
Load current estimation for control algorithms in buck converter (2005)

In this paper a switching load current estimator for a buck converter is introduced. By combining two estimation principles in a single estimator, both a fast response and a high accuracy of the load current estimation can be obtained. The controller of the buck converter then uses this estimated load current, enabling it to respond fast on load changes and regulate the output voltage with high accuracy. Detailed descriptions of both types of estimation, their behavior and their combination are given. The load current estimator and the state feedback control algorithm have been implemented in a FPGA device. Experimental results from a buck converter controlled by the state feedback algorithm using the proposed switching load current estimator are presented.
Scanned probe microscope tip characterization without calibrated tip characterizers (1996)

In scanned probe microscopy the image is a combination of information from the sample and the tip. In order to reconstruct the true surface geometry, it is necessary to know the actual tip shape. It has been proposed that this shape may be reconstructed from images of ‘‘tip characterizer’’ artifacts of independently known shape. The requirements for this strategy—dimensional uncertainty and instability of the characterizer small compared to the tip size—are not trivial. An alternative is ‘‘blind reconstruction,’’ which requires no information about the characterizer geometry apart from that contained within its image, yet produces an outer bound on the tip shape which for appropriately chosen characterizers is a good approximation. With blind reconstruction dimensional instability of characterizers is less problematical, and characterizer measurability is no longer a constraint, so more complex distributed characterizer geometries may be advantageously employed. In situations where part of a characterizer has a known shape, blind reconstruction and the known-characterizer method may be combined.
Los Alamos: a peep behind the fences (1998)

Car licences in New Mexico proclaim it to be "the land of enchantment". Having lived and worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the north of the state from 1949 to 1956, I can testify to the aptness of this proclamation in all of its senses. Synonyms for "enchant" include fascinate, captivate, enrapture, charm and bewitch. These words apply to what was going on inside the laboratory, its natural surroundings, the nearby pueblos and the city of Santa Fe, as well as to the other places with which the laboratory had intimate connections – the Nevada test site, the Pacific proving grounds in the Marshall Islands and their respective surroundings.
Osteoporosis: An Age-Related and Gender-Specific Disease – A Mini-Review (2008)

Osteoporosis, a classical age-related disease and known to be more common in women than in men, has been reported increasingly often in men during the past few years. Although men at all ages after puberty have larger bones than women, resulting in greater bending strength, mortality after a hip fracture, one of the major complications of osteoporosis, is more common in men than in women. Sex hormone deficiency is associated with unrestrained osteoclast activity and bone loss. Even though estrogen deficiency is more pronounced in women, it appears to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in both genders. In contrast to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, the treatment of osteoporosis in men has been scarcely reported. Nevertheless, some drugs commonly used for the treatment of osteoporosis in women also appear to be effective in men. The aim of this study is to review primary osteoporosis in the elderly with particular emphasis on gender-related aspects.
Platform and mode independent SAR data processor based on the extended chirp scaling algorithm (2004)

This paper describes a SAR processor implementation being able to process data acquired in StripMap, ScanSAR or SpotLight, from airborne and space borne platforms. Together with the radar imaging techniques, the processing software has been developed to be able to dynamically adapt its performance to the memory and CPU resources of the computer running it and automatically calculates the optimum number of blocks used to process big images. Maximum portability has also been one of the major tasks and user interface has enhanced capabilities. Extended Markup Language (XML) standard has been adopted for parameter, setup and report files to simplify the software toolkit manual and, at the same time, to improve the user experience. The aim of this flexible core is to help design processors for future systems where, for example, transmitter and receiver are not in the same platform and thus, can follow different paths. The processing kernel and the specific modules for each operating mode and platform have been validated using raw data from ERS-1, RADARSAT and E-SAR, while in order to validate SpotLight mode, simulated data have been used for both air- and space borne platforms.
Shewanella basaltis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from black sand (2008)

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from black sand collected at Soesoggak, Jeju island, Korea. The strain, designated J83T, was able to grow in the presence of 5 % NaCl, at temperatures of 4-45 degrees C and over the pH range 5.5-9.5. The isolate reduced nitrate to nitrite and was positive for oxidase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase. Strain J83(T) utilized malate, maltose, mannitol and glucose as sole sources of carbon. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain J83T belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria and is related to species of the genus Shewanella. Strain J83T exhibited 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Shewanella hafniensis. Based on DNA-DNA hybridization, the level of relatedness between strain J83T and S. hafniensis NBRC 100975T was 39.3 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain J83T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella basaltis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J83T (=KCTC 22121T =JCM 14937T).