gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Querying Large Collections of Music for Similarity (2000)

We present a system capable of performing similarity queries against a large archive of digital music. Users are able to search for songs which "sound similar" to a given query song, thereby aiding the navigation and discovery of new music in such an archive. Our technique is based on reduction of the music data to a feature space of relatively small dimensionality (1248 feature dimensions per song); this is accomplished using a set of feature extractors which derive frequency, amplitude, and tempo data from the encoded music data. Queries are then performed using a <i>k</i>-nearest neighbor search in the feature space. Our system allows subsets of the feature space to be selected on a per-query basis. <p>We have integrated the music query engine into an online MP3 music archive consisting of over 7000 songs. We present an evaluation of our feature extraction and query results against this archive
What Drives Immediate and Ongoing Word of Mouth? (2011)

Word of mouth (WOM) affects diffusion and sales, but why are certain products talked about more than others, both right after consumers first experience them and in the months that follow? This article examines psychological drivers of immediate and ongoing WOM. The authors analyze a unique data set of everyday conversations for more than 300 products and conduct both a large field experiment across various cities and a controlled laboratory experiment with real conversations. The results indicate that more interesting products get more immediate WOM but, contrary to intuition, do not receive more ongoing WOM over multiple months or overall. In contrast, products that are cued more by the environment or are more publicly visible receive more WOM both right away and over time. Additional analyses demonstrate which promotional giveaways in WOM marketing campaigns are associated with increased WOM. overall, the findings shed light on psychological drivers of WOM and provide insight into designing more effective WOM campaigns.
Supercontinuum generation in a highly nonlinear fiber using a continuous wave pump (2003)

Supercontinuum generation with a bandwidth greater than 247 nm is demonstrated in a highly nonlinear fiber by pumping with a continuous wave Raman fiber laser in the anomalous dispersion regime. The continuum showed good long-term power stability.
Continuous charge restoration in semiconductor detectors by means of the gate-to-drain current of the integrated front-end JFET (1999)

A continuous reset method for discharging the leakage current and the signal charge in semiconductor radiation detectors with on-chip electronics has been studied and experimentally verified. The charge collected at the output electrode of the detector is discharged by means of the gate-to-drain current of the front-end JFET integrated in the detector itself. The suitable value of gate current is reached by means of a "weak" avalanche breakdown mechanism which occurs in a high-field region of the transistor channel. When the JFET is operated in a source follower configuration, this mechanism is self-adapting to new values of leakage or signal currents.
Preparation and Phase Transformation Behavior of Boehmite via Heat Treatment in Water Vapor (2013)

Boehmite was prepared under heat treatment in water vapour, and the phase transformation of gibbsite heat-treated at various temperatures was investigated. The sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry and differential thermalanalysis (TG-DTA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR),and BET surface area.Effect of temperature on preparation was studied in the range of 155°–195°.With the increase in temperature, transformation of gibbsite into crystalline boehmites took place as indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shape of the grains in the prepared sample was cube-like morphology.In water vapour gibbsite transform into boehmite by a dissolution - precipitation mechanism.
Autoantibodies developing to myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3 in systemic vasculitis stimulate neutrophil cytotoxicity toward cultured endothelial cells. (1992)

The ability of vasculitis-associated anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) to activate neutrophils and mediate release of radiolabel from 111Indium-labeled cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was determined as a measure of the potential cytotoxicity of ANCA-activated neutrophils against vascular endothelium. Priming of neutrophils with low doses of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (1 ng/ml) and ionomycin (0.1 mumol/1) was required, together with pretreatment of endothelial cells with BCNU (1,3-bis-[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea; 0.26 mmol/l). Under these conditions and using a 4-hour serum-free assay system, mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the target autoantigens proteinase-3 (Pr-3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated enhanced release of 111Indium from HUVEC compared with control MAb. Human IgG Fab2 C-ANCA (recognizing Pr-3) and P-ANCA (recognizing MPO) did likewise. Preactivation of HUVEC with TNF (50 U/ml, 4 hr) enhanced the release of 111Indium from HUVEC generated by neutrophils activated with anti-Pr-3 and anti-MPO MAb. These data support the suggestion that activation of neutrophils by ANCA within the vascular lumen may contribute to endothelial cell injury.
Multi-source neural networks for speech recognition: a review of recent results (2000)

Different parameterizations of the speech signal may potentially extract complementary information useful to increase the accuracy in discriminating between confusable sound classes. In spite of this a single parameterization has nearly universally been used in speech recognition because the most diffused matching technology (hidden Markov models) is bound by theoretical and practical constraints that limit the use of multiple features derived from the speech signal with different processing algorithms. On the contrary neural networks are capable of incorporating multiple heterogeneous input features, which do not need to be treated as independent, finding the optimal combination of these features for classification. The purpose of this work is the exploitation of this potentiality of neural networks to improve the speech recognition accuracy. The multiple input features coming from different parameterization algorithms are combined through a network architecture called multi-source NN, designed to obtain the best synergy from them. In this work, we report the last results obtained on this research line by combining the basic spectral features with two auditory inspired features, a formant like feature and the frequency derivatives. The results show that multi-source NN leads to significant error reductions on both isolated words and continuous speech test sets.
Permanent-Magnet-Excited AC Servo Motors in Tooth-Coil Technology (2005)

Permanent-magnet-excited ac servo motors can be produced usefully with tooth-coil windings; they allow an increase of the torque density due to their compact construction. The winding systematics and the winding variants, interesting for ac servo motors, are introduced. The steady-state behavior of the ac servo drive is calculated analytically in dependence of the winding variant. The influence of the winding variant on the M(n)-characteristic is discussed in examples. A comparison between calculations and measurements verifies the represented modeling.
Concentration and sequence dependent synergism of ethyldeshydroxy-sparsomycin in combination with antitumor agents (1994)

The modulating effect of ethyldeshydroxy-sparsomycin (EDSM), an inhibitor of ribosomal protein synthesis, on cytostatic agents was studied on cultured B16 melanoma cells using the microculture tetrazolium test (MTT). The data were analyzed for true synergism using the combination index and the median effect principle. The extent of cytotoxic drug interaction was influenced by the duration of drug exposure, the dose ratio, as well as the treatment schedule. When drug ratios were used, synergism was observed upon pre- and post-treatment in combination with cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The combination of a fixed dose of EDSM was synergistic with cisplatin, Ara-C, vincristine (VCR) and MTX, in the order MTX > Ara-C > VCR > cisplatin, while the combinations with doxorubicin, 5-FU and etoposide (VP-16) were shown to be antagonistic. These results suggest that only certain drugs and treatment schedules might be worthwhile for combination studies with EDSM in vivo and indicate a role for EDSM as modifier of antitumor responses in cancer chemotherapy.
Palliative Treatment of Unresectable Bile Duct Tumours (2003)

Patients with advanced unresectable bile duct cancer face a dismal prognosis; however, biliary drainage, and intraluminal brachytherapy with or without external RT, seem to be able to improve quality of life in the remaining time span.
A statistical model for synthesis of detailed facial geometry (2006)

Detailed surface geometry contributes greatly to the visual realism of 3D face models. However, acquiring high-resolution face geometry is often tedious and expensive. Consequently, most face models used in games, virtual reality, or computer vision look unrealistically smooth. In this paper, we introduce a new statistical technique for the analysis and synthesis of small three-dimensional facial features, such as wrinkles and pores. We acquire high-resolution face geometry for people across a wide range of ages, genders, and races. For each scan, we separate the skin surface details from a smooth base mesh using displaced subdivision surfaces. Then, we analyze the resulting displacement maps using the texture analysis/synthesis framework of Heeger and Bergen, adapted to capture statistics that vary spatially across a face. Finally, we use the extracted statistics to synthesize plausible detail on face meshes of arbitrary subjects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in several applications, including analysis of facial texture in subjects with different ages and genders, interpolation between high-resolution face scans, adding detail to low-resolution face scans, and adjusting the apparent age of faces. In all cases, we are able to re-produce fine geometric details consistent with those observed in high resolution scans.
Isolation and identification of (+)-hexylitaconic acid as a plant growth regulator. (1984)

(+)-Hexylitaconic acid was isolated as a root-growth stimulating substance from a culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger K-88.
Optimization of conditions for growth of vanadium dioxide thin films on silicon by pulsed-laser deposition (2015)

We systematically examined the effects of the substrate temperature (TS) and the oxygen pressure (PO2) on the structural and optical properties polycrystalline V O2 films grown directly on Si(100) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. A rutile-type V O2 phase was formed at a TS ≥ 450 °C at PO2 values ranging from 5 to 20 mTorr, whereas other structures of vanadium oxides were stabilized at lower temperatures or higher oxygen pressures. The surface roughness of the V O2 films significantly increased at growth temperatures of 550 °C or more due to agglomeration of V O2 on the surface of the silicon substrate. An apparent change in the refractive index across the metal–insulator transition (MIT) temperature was observed in V O2 films grown at a TS of 450 °C or more. The difference in the refractive index at a wavelength of 1550 nm above and below the MIT temperature was influenced by both the TS and PO2, and was maximal for a V O2 film grown at 450 °C under 20 mTorr. Based on the results, we derived the PO2 versus 1/TS phase diagram for the films of vanadium oxides, which will provide a guide to optimizing the conditions for growth of V O2 films on silicon platforms.
Activation et prolifération des cellules du mégagamétophyte de <i>Taxus</i> cultivé <i>in vitro</i> (1982)

The female gametophyte of Taxus was excised at the mature seed stage and was successfully grown in vitro without the embryo. The gametophyte tissue, which had large lipid reserves when placed into culture, showed cell dedifferentiation. In about 6% of cultures, unorganized, crumbly outgrowths were produced. After 2 months, a slow-growing, undifferentiated tissue was isolated. It contained some isolated tracheids, and, in most cells, a rough photosynthetic apparatus was apparent. [Journal translation]
Synthesis of 4-(Phenylethynyl)-2,6-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]pyridine. (1988)

Synthese de bis-bromomethyl-2,6 bromo-4 pyridine (A) a partir d'acetyl-3 dihydro-3,4 methyl-6 pyrannedione-2,4 ou d'acide hydroxy-4 pyridinedicarboxylique-2,6; A reagit avec l'imino-2,2' bis-acetate de di-t-butyle puis avec l'ethynylbenzene pour donner le compose du titre
Brain atrophy in hypertension. A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. (1992)

To determine whether hypertension, the predominant risk factor for stroke and vascular dementia, is associated with brain atrophy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed to quantify brain volumes and cerebrospinal fluid spaces. Eighteen otherwise healthy, cognitively normal older hypertensive men (mean +/- SD age, 69 +/- 8 years, duration of hypertension 10-35 years) and 17 age-matched healthy, normotensive male control subjects were studied in a cross-sectional design. Axial proton-density image slices were analyzed using region-of-interest and segmentation analyses. The hypertensive subjects had significantly larger mean volumes of the right and left lateral ventricles (p less than 0.05, both absolute volume and volume normalized to intracranial volume) and a significantly smaller normalized mean left hemisphere brain volume (p less than 0.05) with a trend toward significance for a smaller normalized mean right hemisphere volume (p less than 0.09). Four hypertensive subjects and one healthy control subject were found to have severe periventricular hyperintensities on T2-weighted MRI images. When data for these subjects were removed from the analyses, the normalized lateral ventricle volumes remained significantly larger in the hypertensive group. Lateral ventricle enlargement was not related to age or use of diuretics in the hypertensive group nor to duration of hypertension between 10 and 24 years. Our findings suggest that long-standing hypertension results in structural changes in the brain. Longitudinal studies will determine whether MRI-associated changes are progressive and if such changes identify hypertensive subjects at increased risk for clinically apparent brain dysfunction.
Technical Improvements in the Repair of Acute Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Rupture (1992)

Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a high-risk complication following myocardial infarction (MI). Surgical treatment has evolved to improve an otherwise poor prognosis. Certain subsets of patients remain a formidable challenge. The presence of cardiogenic shock has consistently been found to have the highest risk. Over a 10-year period, our technique of repair has evolved from established procedures to one we believe confers superior results. Endocardial patching to viable myocardium reinforced with an epicardial patch not only corrects the shunt but maintains ventricular geometry and avoids tension on friable muscle. We report on a series of nine consecutive patients in cardiogenic shock. The operative mortality was 22%, none due to low cardiac output syndrome, shunt recurrence, or bleeding. All patients have been followed with transesophageal echocardiography at a mean period of 14 months (range 3-31 months). One patient is in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I, four are in NYHA Class II, and two in NYHA Class III.
High-power-density single-mode operation of GaAs-GaAlAs TJS lasers utilizing Si3N4 plasma deposition for facet coating (1979)

A new method of laser diode facet coating, plasma deposition of Si3N4 film, has been developed. Utilizing it, laser diodes which operate at 4 mW/μm power density in single longitudinal and fundamental transverse mode for more than 1000 h have been realized.
Interaction and Feedback Regulation between STK15/BTAK/Aurora-A Kinase and Protein Phosphatase 1 through Mitotic Cell Division Cycle (2001)

STK15 is an Aurora/Ipl-1 related serine/threonine kinase that is associated with centrosomes and induces aneuploidy when overexpressed in mammalian cells. It is well known that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of kinases are important for regulation of their activity. But mechanisms by which STK15 activity is regulated have not been elucidated. We report that STK15 contains two functional binding sites for protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1), and the binding of these proteins is cell cycle-regulated peaking at mitosis. Activated STK15 at mitosis phosphorylates PP1 and inhibits PP1 activity in vitro. In vivo, PP1 activity co-immunoprecipitated with STK15 is also reduced. These data indicate that STK15 inhibits PP1 activity during mitosis. Also, PP1 is shown to dephosphorylate active STK15 and abolish its activity in vitro. Furthermore, we show that non-binding mutants of STK15 for PP1 are superphosphorylated, but their kinase activities are markedly reduced. Cells transfected with these non-binding mutants manifest aberrant chromosome alignment during mitosis. Our results suggest that a feedback regulation through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events between STK15 kinase and PP1 phosphatase operates through the cell cycle. Deregulation of this balance may contribute to anomalous segregation of chromosomes during mitotic progression of cancer cells.
Insight Into Optics (1991)

General background ray optics - reflection and refraction and paraxial rays wave theory - interference and wave groups diffraction polarized light electromagnetic theory of di-electric media electromagnetic theory of absorptive materials scattering of light electro- and magneto-optics interaction of radiation and matter holography waveguides, fibres and optical communication non-linear optics radiometry and photometry interferometry optical instruments the assessment of optical images lasers temperal analysis - photon correlation the velocity of light and relativistic optics the quantum theory of light the limitations of optical experiments.
Validation of a Diagnostic Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Infectious Posterior Uveitis (2001)

Mutiplex PCR may allow rapid diagnosis of infectious posterior uveitis.
Effect of the basic amino-acid side chain length and the penultimate residue on the hydrolysis of benzoyldipeptides by carboxypeptidase B (1978)

The kinetic parameters Km and k cat/K m have been determined for the carboxypeptidase B (CPB, EC 3.4.12.3) catalyzed hydrolysis of benzoylglycyl-DL-homolysine and benzoylglycyl-L-homorginine. Plots of these data and those for Bz-Gly-Orn and Bz-Gly-Arg (Wolff, E. C., Schirmer, E.W. & Folk, J. E. (1962) J. Biol. Chem. 237, 3094-3099) and Bz-Gly-Lys versus the length of the side chain of the basic amino acid indicate that unlike trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) (Seely, J. H. & Benoiton, N. L. (1970) Can. J. Biochem. 48, 1122-1131) CPB has a higher bending affinity for a guanidino group than for an amino group at the side chain of the substrate C-terminus. On the other hand, CPB is similar to trypsin (ibid) in that the best substrate would have a side chain length between those of lysine and arginine. Studies with Bz-MeGly-Lys and Bz-Ala-Lys showed that the former is very slowly hydrolyzed by CPB but that the latter is a good substrate with a high affinity for the enzyme, indicative of considerable participation of the Calpha-methyl group of alanine in the binding of the substrate to the enzyme.
Surface-Energy-Assisted Perfect Transfer of Centimeter-Scale Monolayer and Few-Layer MoS<sub>2</sub> Films onto Arbitrary Substrates (2014)

The transfer of synthesized 2D MoS2 films is important for fundamental and applied research. However, it is problematic to translate the well-established transfer processes for graphene to MoS2 due to different growth mechanisms and surface properties. Here we demonstrate a surface-energy-assisted process that can perfectly transfer centimeter-scale monolayer and few-layer MoS2 films from original growth substrates onto arbitrary substrates with no observable wrinkles, cracks, and polymer residues. The unique strategies used in this process include leveraging the penetration of water between hydrophobic MoS2 films and hydrophilic growth substrates to lift off the films and dry transferring the film after the lift off. This is in stark contrast with the previous transfer process for synthesized MoS2 films, which explores the etching of the growth substrate by hot base solutions to lift off the films. Our transfer process can effectively eliminate the mechanical force caused by bubble generations, the attacks from chemical etchants, and the capillary force induced when transferring the film outside solutions as in the previous transfer process, which consists of the major causes for the previous unsatisfactory transfer. Our transfer process also benefits from using polystyrene (PS), instead of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that was widely used previously, as the carrier polymer. PS can form more intimate interaction with MoS2 films than PMMA and is important for maintaining the integrity of the film during the transfer process. This surface-energy-assisted approach can be generally applied to the transfer of other 2D materials, such as WS2.
Theory and Design of Phononic Crystals for Unreleased CMOS-MEMS Resonant Body Transistors (2015)

Resonant body transistors (RBTs) are solid state, actively sensed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators that can be implemented in commercial CMOS technologies. With small footprint, highQ, and scalability to gigahertz frequencies, they form basic building blocks for radio frequency (RF) front-ends and timing applications. Toward the goal of seamless CMOS integration, this paper presents the design and implementation of phononic crystals (PnCs) in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) of commercial CMOS technologies with bandgaps in the gigahertz frequencies to be used for enhanced acoustical confinement in CMOS-RBTs. Lithographically defined PnC dimensions allow for bandgap engineering, providing flexibility in resonator design, and allowing for multiple frequencies on a single chip. The theoretical basis for analyzing generic PnCs is presented, with focus on the special case of implementing PnCs in CMOS BEOL layers. The effect of CMOS process variations on the performance of such PnCs is also considered. The analysis presented in this paper establishes a methodology for assessing different CMOS technologies for the integration of unreleased CMOS-MEMS resonators. This paper also discusses the importance of uniformity of the acoustical cavity in the nonresonant dimension and its effect on overall resonator performance. A PnC implementation in IBM 32-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) BEOL layers is demonstrated to achieve 85% fractional-bandgap ~4.5-GHz frequency. With better energy confinement, the proposed CMOS-RBTs achieve a quality factor Q of 252, which corresponds to 8× improvement over the previous generation RBTs, which did not include PnCs. The presented devices have a footprint of 5 μm × 7 μm. This paper concludes with a discussion of the properties required of a CMOS technology for high performance RBT implementation.
RacA, a Bacterial Protein That Anchors Chromosomes to the Cell Poles (2003)

Eukaryotic chromosomes are anchored to a spindle apparatus during mitosis, but no such structure is known during chromosome segregation in bacteria. When sister chromosomes are segregated during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, the replication origin regions migrate to opposite poles of the cell. If and how origin regions are fastened at the poles has not been determined. Here we describe a developmental protein, RacA, that acts as a bridge between the origin region and the cell poles. We propose that RacA assembles into an adhesive patch at a centromere-like element near the origin, causing chromosomes to stick at the poles.