gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Microsoft Research Sentence Completion Challenge (2011)

Work on modeling semantics in text is progressing quickly, yet currently there are few public datasets which authors can use to measure and compare their systems. This work takes a step towards addressing this issue. We present the MSR Sentence Completion Challenge Data, which consists of 1,040 sentences, each of which has four impostor sentences, in which a single (fixed) word in the original sentence has been replaced by an impostor word with similar occurrence statistics. For each sentence the task is then to determine which of the five choices for that word is the correct one. This dataset was constructed from Project Gutenberg data. Seed sentences were selected from five of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes novels, and then imposter words were suggested with the aid of a language model trained on over 500 19th century novels. The language model was used to compute 30 alternative words for a given low frequency word in a sentence, and human judges then picked the 4 best impostor words, based on a set of provided guidelines. Although the data presented here will not be changed, this is still a work in progress, and we plan to add similar datasets based on other sources. This technical report is a living document and will be updated appropriately as new datasets are constructed and new results on existing datasets (for example, using human subjects) are reported. 1
Amyloid-β and Proinflammatory Cytokines Utilize a Prion Protein-Dependent Pathway to Activate NADPH Oxidase and Induce Cofilin-Actin Rods in Hippocampal Neurons (2014)

Neurites of neurons under acute or chronic stress form bundles of filaments (rods) containing 1∶1 cofilin∶actin, which impair transport and synaptic function. Rods contain disulfide cross-linked cofilin and are induced by treatments resulting in oxidative stress. Rods form rapidly (5-30 min) in >80% of cultured hippocampal or cortical neurons treated with excitotoxic levels of glutamate or energy depleted (hypoxia/ischemia or mitochondrial inhibitors). In contrast, slow rod formation (50% of maximum response in ∼6 h) occurs in a subpopulation (∼20%) of hippocampal neurons upon exposure to soluble human amyloid-β dimer/trimer (Aβd/t) at subnanomolar concentrations. Here we show that proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) also induce rods at the same rate and within the same neuronal population as Aβd/t. Neurons from prion (PrP(C))-null mice form rods in response to glutamate or antimycin A, but not in response to proinflammatory cytokines or Aβd/t. Two pathways inducing rod formation were confirmed by demonstrating that NADPH-oxidase (NOX) activity is required for prion-dependent rod formation, but not for rods induced by glutamate or energy depletion. Surprisingly, overexpression of PrP(C) is by itself sufficient to induce rods in over 40% of hippocampal neurons through the NOX-dependent pathway. Persistence of PrP(C)-dependent rods requires the continuous activity of NOX. Removing inducers or inhibiting NOX activity in cells containing PrP(C)-dependent rods causes rod disappearance with a half-life of about 36 min. Cofilin-actin rods provide a mechanism for synapse loss bridging the amyloid and cytokine hypotheses for Alzheimer disease, and may explain how functionally diverse Aβ-binding membrane proteins induce synaptic dysfunction.
Effects of Preanalytical Variables on Clinical Laboratory Tests (1994)

Journal Article Effects of Preanalytical Variables on Clinical Laboratory Tests Get access Effects of Preanalytical Variables on Clinical Laboratory Tests, Donald S. Young. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 1993, 720 pp, $65.00 (members), $95.00 (nonmembers). American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 101, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Page 549, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/101.4.549c Published: 01 April 1994
Two Formal Analyses of Attack Graphs (2002)

An attack graph is a succinct representation of all paths through a system that end in a state where an intruder has successfully achieved his goal. Today Red Teams determine the vulnerability of networked systems by drawing gigantic attack graphs by hand. Constructing attack graphs by hand is tedious, error-prone, and impractical for large systems. By viewing an attack as a violation of a safety property, we can use off-the-shelf model checking technology to produce attack graphs automatically: a successful path from the intruder&apos;s viewpoint is a counterexample produced by the model checker. In this paper we present an algorithm for generating attack graphs using model checking as a subroutine. Security analysts use attack graphs for detection, defense and forensics. In this paper we present a minimization analysis technique that allows analysts to decide which minimal set of security measures would guarantee the safety of the system. We provide a formal characterization of this problem: we prove that it is polynomially equivalent to the minimum hitting set problem and we present a greedy algorithm with provable bounds. We also present a reliability analysis technique that allows analysts to perform a simple costbenefit trade-off depending on the likelihoods of attacks. By interpreting attack graphs as Markov Decision Processes we can use the value iteration algorithm to compute the probabilities of intruder success for each attack the graph.
Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring After Acute Decompensation for Heart Failure: Results from the CARRYING ON for HF Pilot Study (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01216670; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01216670.
Influences of deposition temperature on thermal stability and moisture resistance of chemical vapor deposited fluorinated silicon oxide by using indirect fluorinating precursor (1996)

In this letter, fluorinated silicon oxide (FxSiOy) films were deposited in the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) chemical vapor deposition system with SiH4, O2, and CF4 as the reaction gases. The CF4, in contrast to SiF4 or FSi(OC2H5)3 used in other reports, is an indirect fluorinating source. The fluorinating mechanism is similar to that of the etching of oxide by fluorocarbon plasma, therefore, the thermal stability of the incorporated fluorine must strongly depend on the deposition temperature. It is found that the thermal stability and moisture resistance are greatly improved by increasing the deposition temperature. However, the higher deposition temperature also results in a higher compressed stress and dielectric constant. Besides, to get the moisture resistance, the deposition temperature must be above 300 °C. On the other hand, ECR-SiO2 (without fluorination), even deposited at room temperature, is shown to have a good water resistance. Therefore, by choosing deposition temperature for FxSiOy to have enough thermal tolerance and capping with ECR-SiO2, the moisture resistor is suggested for the inter metal dielectric applications.
Functional dye as a comonomer in a water‐soluble polymer (2015)

ABSTRACT In many applications, a functional additive is blended into a polymer matrix to enhance its properties. However, when the polymer and functional additive are applied to a surface, the functional molecule may be easily lost. In favorable cases, it may be possible to incorporate the additive directly into the polymer as a comonomer. In this study, a functionalized polymer has been obtained through the combination of linking a photodynamic, antimicrobial dye, Rose Bengal, to vinyl benzyl chloride via etherification and then polymerizing this into a water‐soluble polymer using chain growth copolymerization. Characterization of the efficiency of synthesis, solubility of the final product, and singlet oxygen production rate has been performed. Dialysis was used to determine the extent of incorporation of the dye into the polymer. The chemical structure of the intermediate produced through etherification has been verified. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 1594–1599
Synthetic polymers for capture and detection of microorganisms (2007)

Methods for the detection of pathogens and their deactivation are of paramount importance for public health and security. In this review we highlight some recent examples of sophisticated synthetic polymers and macromolecular constructs that can be used to interact selectively with target pathogens. The biomimetic properties of these materials lend themselves not just to high specificity interactions with target pathogens, but also towards novel capture and deactivation mechanisms. These are the first steps towards combined diagnostics/therapeutics against pathogens.
Diacylglycerol and Phosphatidate Generated by Phospholipases C and D, Respectively, Have Distinct Fatty Acid Compositions and Functions (1997)

Stimulation of cells with certain agonists often activates both phospholipases C and D. These generate diacylglycerol and phosphatidate, respectively, although the two lipids are also apparently interconvertable through the actions of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and diacylglycerol kinase. Diacylglycerol activates protein kinase C while one role for phosphatidate is the activation of actin stress fiber formation. Therefore, if the two lipids are interconvertable, it is theoretically possible that an uncontrolled signaling loop could arise. To address this issue structural analysis of diacylglycerol, phosphatidate, and phosphatidylbutanol (formed in the presence of butan-1-ol) from both Swiss 3T3 and porcine aortic endothelial cells was performed. This demonstrated that phospholipase C activation generates primarily polyunsaturated species while phospholipase D activation generates saturated/monounsaturated species. In the endothelial cells, where phospholipase D was activated by lysophosphatidic acid independently of phospholipase C, there was no activation of protein kinase C. Thus we propose that only polyunsaturated diacylglycerols and saturated/monounsaturated phosphatidates function as intracellular messengers and that their interconversion products are inactive.
Evolution of lanthipeptide synthetases (2012)

Lanthionine-containing peptides (lanthipeptides) are a family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides containing (methyl)lanthionine residues. Here we present a phylogenomic study of the four currently known classes of lanthipeptide synthetases (LanB and LanC for class I, LanM for class II, LanKC for class III, and LanL for class IV). Although they possess very similar cyclase domains, class II-IV synthetases have evolved independently, and LanB and LanC enzymes appear to not always have coevolved. LanM enzymes from various phyla that have three cysteines ligated to a zinc ion (as opposed to the more common Cys-Cys-His ligand set) cluster together. Most importantly, the phylogenomic data suggest that for some scaffolds, the ring topology of the final lanthipeptides may be determined in part by the sequence of the precursor peptides and not just by the biosynthetic enzymes. This notion was supported by studies with two chimeric peptides, suggesting that the nisin and prochlorosin biosynthetic enzymes can produce the correct ring topologies of epilancin 15X and lacticin 481, respectively. These results highlight the potential of lanthipeptide synthetases for bioengineering and combinatorial biosynthesis. Our study also demonstrates unexplored areas of sequence space that may be fruitful for genome mining.
Inside discrete-event simulation software: How it works and why it matters (2002)

This paper provides simulation practitioners and consumers with a grounding in how discrete-event simulation software works. Topics include discrete-event systems; entities, resources, control elements and operations; simulation runs; entity states; entity lists; and entity-list management. The implementation of these generic ideas in AutoMod and SLX is described. The paper concludes with several examples of "why it matters" for modelers to know how their simulation software works, including coverage of SIMAN, ProModel and GPSS/H as well as the other two tools.
A Lifetime Estimation Technique for Voltage Source Inverters (2012)

This paper presents a method to estimate the inverter lifetime so that we can predict a failure prior to it actually happening. The key contribution of this study is to link the physics of the power devices to a large scale system simulation within a reasonable framework of time. By configuring this technique to a real system, it can be used as a converter design tool or online lifetime estimation tool. In this paper, the presented method is applied to the grid side inverter to show its validity. A power cycling test is designed to gather the lifetime data of a selected insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module (SKM50GB123D). Die-attach solder fatigue is found out to be the dominant failure mode of this IGBT module under the designed accelerated tests. Furthermore, the crack initiation is found to be highly stress dependent while the crack propagation is almost independent with stress level. Two different damage accumulation methods are used and the estimation results are compared.
5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate Synthase of Bacillus subtilis is an Allosteric Enzyme. Analysis of Arg24Asp, Pro105Ser and His385Lys mutations suggests a hidden phosphoenol pyruvate-binding site (1995)

5-Enol pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase of Bacillus subtilis has been cloned, expressed and purified to near homogeneity. Clustal alignment of the amino acid sequences from different bacteria revealed several conserved residues located in the N-terminal, middle and C-terminal domains. The role of conserved Arg24, Pro105, and His385 residues has been examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Steady-state kinetic analysis of the native synthase exhibited allosteric behaviour, a feature thought to be unique amongst bacterial and plant 5-enol pynivylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase enzymes investigated so far. Both substrates, phosphoenol pyruvate (P -pyruvate) and shikimate 3-phosphate have multiple interaction sites. There are two sites for P -pyruvate binding, catalytic and non-catalytic. Glyphosate (N -phosphonomethyl glycine) competes for binding at the catalytic site and does not interact at the secondary site. Glyphosate in the absence of ammonium ions increases cooperativity of P -pyruvate binding and favors dimerization of the enzyme through an interaction between P -pyruvate-binding sites. The ammonium-ion-activated 5-enol pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase displays no cooperativity with respect to P-pyruvate. Absence of ammonium ions decreases affinity for substrates and introduces cooperativity. Cooperativity was also introduced in the enzyme by point mutations, Arg24Asp and His385Lys. The latter mutant of the native enzyme exists as a dimer and aggregates to a tetrameric form in the presence of glyphosate. The occurrence of multimeric forms of the synthase has been demonstrated by staining for the enzyme activity on the native gel and by resolving purified enzyme preparations on a sucrose density gradient. A model describing the alteration in the aggregation status of the enzyme by the inhibitor, activator and the substrates has been proposed.
Long-term outcome of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (2003)

To clarify long-term outcome of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 50 patients were followed up for a mean of 52 months. Overall recurrence rate by Kaplan-Meier estimation was 37% at 60 months. The patients with horizontal canal BPPV (n = 19) had a significantly higher recurrence rate (50%) at 60 months than those with posterior canal BPPV (n = 28; 26%). There was no significant association between recurrence rates and sex or age.
CHORAL MUSIC (1965)

Journal Article CHORAL MUSIC Get access The Franco Codex of the Cathedral of Mexico, ed. by Steven Barwick. ( Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Ill., 1965, $10.00.) P. E. P. P. E. P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XLVI, Issue 4, October 1965, Pages 368-a–368, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XLVI.4.368-a Published: 01 October 1965
Design and Implementation of a Remote Medical-Care Supporting System (2007)

In the last few years we have observed an explosive growth of multimedia computing, communication and applications. Information technology (IT) has a great effect in our everyday life and is transforming the way people live, work, and interact with each other, and is impacting the way businesses, government services, education, entertainment, and medical-care are operating. In this research, we propose and develop a remote medical-care system for supporting nurses, care managers and care helpers during their work. The proposed system has three functions: a multi-point communication function using video images and voice, vital signs data auto-uploading and referring function, and a drip infusion monitoring function. In this paper, we present the proposed remote medical-care support system
Modelling strain distributions in ion-implanted magnetic bubble materials (1981)

The detailed properties of strain distributions in Ne+, B+, and He+ implanted magnetic bubble garnet materials are accounted for by calculating the nuclear energy loss as a function of depth. The calculation is based on stopped ion distributions for ZnS, with suitable corrections made for differences in material density. The constant of proportionality K between strain and nuclear energy loss, and the density ratio l are determined for each ion by comparing calculated strain distributions with experimental results obtained previously using an x-ray diffraction technique. It is found that K is roughly the same for all three ions, 0.016±0.003 (eV/Å3)−1, and that the average value l = 0.79±0.08 is consistent with the actual density ratio l = 0.72. Good agreement is found in additional examples of both single and multiple implants (±10% relative error). Finally, a procedure for selecting the incident energies and dosages required to produce a uniformly strained layer for bubble device applications is described, and then demonstrated by achieving a 0.4-um-thick layer with (1.07±0.09)% strain, using a double B+ implant.
An Enhanced Spring Model for Information Visualization (1998)

In this paper we present a new technique for visualizing multidimensional information. We describe objects of a higher dimensional information space as small closed free‐form‐surfaces in the visualization. The location, size and shape of these surfaces describe the original objects in information space uniquely. The underlying enhanced spring model is introduced. The technique is applied to two test data sets.
The role of heparin in the complex formation between fibroblast growth factor 2 and its high affinity receptor: comparative modelling and biochemical studies (1998)

Conference Article| August 01 1998 The role of heparin in the complex formation between fibroblast growth factor 2 and its high affinity receptor: comparative modelling and biochemical studies L. Pellegrini; L. Pellegrini 1 *Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Commander; P. Commander *Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar B. Mulloy; B. Mulloy †National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Martin-Martinez; M. Martin-Martinez *Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T. L. Blundell; T. L. Blundell *Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. F. Burke D. F. Burke *Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1998) 26 (3): 545–549. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0260545 Article history Received: March 30 1998 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation L. Pellegrini, P. Commander, B. Mulloy, M. Martin-Martinez, T. L. Blundell, D. F. Burke; The role of heparin in the complex formation between fibroblast growth factor 2 and its high affinity receptor: comparative modelling and biochemical studies. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1998; 26 (3): 545–549. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0260545 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: FGF, fibroblast growth factor, FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor, IL-1R, interleukin-1 receptor, IL-1β, interleukin-1β, GST, glutathione S-transferase, Ac, acetate This content is only available as a PDF. © 1998 Biochemical Society1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Novel Approach to 2-D Shape Representation Based on Equilateral Polygonal Approximation (2008)

Shape representation is a very important issue in computer vision and pattern recognition. This paper presents a novel shape representation algorithm based on equilateral polygonal approximation. Firstly, the problem and definition of equilateral polygonal approximation are presented in this paper. Then a new equilateral polygonal approximation method based on detecting optimal edge length using genetic algorithm is proposed.
Selective treatment of carious dentin using a mid-infrared tunable pulsed laser at 6 μm wavelength range (2011)

Optical technologies have good potential for caries detection, prevention, excavation, and the realization of minimal intervention dentistry. This study aimed to develop a selective excavation technique of carious tissue using the specific absorption in 6 μm wavelength range. Bovine dentin demineralized with lactic acid solution was used as a carious dentin model. A mid-infrared tunable pulsed laser was obtained by difference-frequency generation technique. The wavelength was tuned to 6.02 and 6.42 μm which correspond to absorption bands called amide I and amide II, respectively. The laser delivers 5 ns pulse width at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The morphological change after irradiation was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the measurement of ablation depth was performed with a confocal laser microscope. At λ = 6.02 μm and the average power density of 15 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, demineralized dentin was removed selectively with less-invasive effect on sound dentin. The wavelength of 6.42 μm also showed the possibility of selective removal. High ablation efficiency and low thermal side effect were observed using the nanosecond pulsed laser with λ = 6.02 μm. In the near future, development of compact laser device will open the minimal invasive laser treatment to the dental clinic.
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Relation to Asymptomatic Maternal Infection at the Time of Labor (1991)

Of the asymptomatic women who shed HSV in early labor, about a third have recently acquired genital HSV, and their infants are 10 times more likely to have neonatal HSV than those of women with asymptomatic reactivation of HSV. The presence of maternal antibodies specific to HSV-2 but not HSV-1 appears to reduce the neonatal transmission of HSV-2. Further studies are necessary to determine whether screening and prophylactic treatment are warranted for infants of HSV-2-seronegative mothers who shed HSV-1 or HSV-2 in early labor.