gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive magnetometers based on YBa2Cu3O7 Josephson junction arrays (1999)

The dependence of the critical current of a Josephson junction on the magnetic flux in the junction area can be used for the sensitive detection of external magnetic fields. In contrast to superconducting quantum interference devices, also the measurement of absolute magnetic fields is possible. To increase the transfer function ∂V/∂B, we use serial arrays of up to 105 Josephson junctions between flux-concentrating areas on 24° SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. We investigate the scaling properties of the critical current Ic, the normal state resistance Rn and the flux density noise SB in dependence on the number of Josephson junctions in the serial array. By the use of a magnetic field modulation scheme, the 1/f noise from critical current fluctuations in the junctions can be suppressed. At 77 K, we achieve a white noise level of SB=1.2 pT/Hz for a 105-junction array.
Distributed cache table (2006)

The state-of-the-art techniques for processing multi-term queries in P2P environments are query flooding and inverted list intersection. However, it has been shown that due to scalability reasons both methods fail to support full-text search in large scale document collections distributed among the nodes in a P2P network. Although a number of optimizations have been suggested recently based on the aforementioned techniques, little evidence is given on their scalability. In this paper we suggest a novel query-driven indexing strategy which generates and maintains only those index entries that are actually used for query processing. In our approach called Distributed Cache Table<u>1 By analogy with Distributed Hash Table (DHT) (DCT) we suggest to abandon the difference between data indexing and query caching, and to store result sets (caches) for the most profitable queries. DCT employs a distributed index to efficiently locate caches that can answer a given multi-term query and broadcasts the query to all the peers only if no such caches were found. Evaluations on real data and query loads show that DCT converges to a high cache-hit ratio and indeed offers a large-scale distributed solution for storing and efficient querying of vast amounts of documents in the P2P setting. DCT achieves two orders of magnitude improvement in traffic consumption compared to a standard distributed single-term indexing approach.
Just: safe unknown types in Java-like languages. (2007)

Most mainstream object-oriented languages, like C++, Java and C#, are statically typed. In recent years, untyped languages, in particular scripting languages for the web, have gained a lot of popularity notwithstanding the fact that the advantages of static typing, such as earlier detection of errors, are widely accepted. We think that one of the main reasons for their widespread adoption is that, in many situations, the ability of ignoring types can be handy to write simpler and more readable code. We propose an extension of Java-like languages which allows developers to forget about typing in strategic places of their programs without losing type-safety. That is, we allow programmers to write simpler code without sacrificing the advantages of static typing. This is achieved by means of inferred type constraints. These constraints describe the implicit requirements on untyped code to be correctly invoked. This flexibility comes at a cost: field accesses and method invocations on objects of unknown types are less efficient than regular field accesses and method invocations. Also, our type system is currently more restrictive than it should be; its extension is the subject of ongoing work. We have implemented our approach on a small, yet significant, Java subset.
Systematic Review: Safety and Efficacy of Extended-Duration Antiviral Chemoprophylaxis Against Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza (2009)

Extended-duration zanamivir and oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis seems to be highly efficacious for preventing symptomatic influenza among immunocompetent white and Japanese adults. Extended-duration oseltamivir is associated with increased nausea and vomiting. Safety and efficacy in several subpopulations that might receive extended-duration influenza chemoprophylaxis are unknown.
Dynamics and fragmentation of thick-shelled microbubbles (2002)

Localized delivery could decrease the systemic side effects of toxic chemotherapy drugs. The unique delivery agents we examine consist of microbubbles with an outer lipid coating, an oil layer, and a perfluorobutane gas core. These structures are 0.5-12 microm in radius at rest. Oil layers of these acoustically active lipospheres (AALs) range from 0.3-1.5 microm in thickness and thus the agents can carry a large payload compared to nano-scale drug delivery systems. We show that triacetin-based drug-delivery vehicles can be fragmented using ultrasound. Compared with a lipid-shelled contrast agent, the expansion of the drug-delivery vehicle within the first cycle is similar, and a subharmonic component is demonstrated at an equivalent radius, frequency, and driving pressure. For the experimental conditions explored here, the pulse length required for destruction of the drug-delivery vehicle is significantly greater, with at least five cycles required, compared with one cycle for the contrast agent. For the drug-delivery vehicle, the observed destruction mechanism varies with the initial radius, with microbubbles smaller than resonance size undergoing a symmetric collapse and producing a set of small, equal-sized fragments. Between resonance size and twice resonance size, surface waves become visible, and the oscillations become asymmetrical. For agents larger than twice the resonance radius, the destruction mechanism changes to a pinch-off, with one fragment containing a large fraction of the original volume.
NaI(Tl) - CsI(Na) Phoswich Detectors for X-Ray Astronomy (1975)

The design and performance of NaI(Tl) - CsI(Na) phoswich detectors for X-ray Astronomy applications are presented. Phoswich techniques enable the design of low-background, actively-shielded detectors of large sensitive area, while maintaining minimum weight and cost. Results from a balloon-borne test flight incorporating several detectors, including one with an effective area of 765 cm2, are discussed.
Supplemental vitamin C and yeast cell wall β-glucan as growth enhancers in newborn pigs and as immunomodulators after an endotoxin challenge after weaning1 (2006)

To test possible dietary immune modulators, 32 crossbred male pigs were given 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pigs/treatment): control, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with beta-glucan (Energy Plus, Natural Chem Industries LTD, Houston, TX; 0.312 g/kg of BW, 2.5% of diet), vitamin C (Stay C 35, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Prisippany, NJ; 75 ppm), or beta-glucan plus vitamin C together (combination; 0.312 g/kg of BW and 75 ppm, respectively). Supplements were given in whole milk within 36 h of birth and then daily for 2 wk until weaning, when the supplement was given in feed for an additional 2 wk. Growth was recorded during the 4 wk of supplement delivery. An i.v. lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS; 150 microg/kg) was given 14 d postweaning at 0900. Behavior was observed, and blood samples were collected every 30 min for 4 h via a jugular catheter from -1 (0800) to 3 (1200) h relative to challenge (-60, -30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min), and tissues were collected after exsanguination. Beta-glucan (glucan and combination) increased (P < 0.05) BW and ADG compared with vitamin C and control. Cortisol concentrations showed an interaction (P < 0.05) of the beta-glucan and vitamin C. Intestinal expression of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA was greatest for vitamin C and beta-glucan compared with control and combination, and liver TNF-alpha mRNA expression showed a main effect (P < 0.01) of beta-glucan. Lung expression of TNF-alpha mRNA exhibited a vitamin C effect (P < 0.01). In contrast, spleen had greater (P < 0.01) relative abundance of TNF-alpha mRNA in beta-glucan pigs. Intestinal expression of IL-1Ra mRNA was greater (P < 0.05) for vitamin C and beta-glucan treatments compared with the control and combination pigs. Liver expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA exhibited a vitamin C effect (P < 0.01). Lying and sleeping behaviors differed (P < 0.05) among treatments early in the observations (0700 to 0720), then sporadically until 50 min after the LPS injection. The vitamin C group slept less (P < 0.05) on those occasions. The time spent lying was least (P < 0.05) for the glucan and combination pigs immediately after the injection. These results show a complex interaction between vitamin C and this yeast product after LPS challenge, with differential expression in tissues by 2 h after LPS injections. The combination enhanced postweaning growth and reduced TNF-alpha expression of the intestinal and liver tissues, suggesting an important immunomodulatory role of the combination treatment.
Availability of calcium from skim milk, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate for bone mineralization in pigs (2000)

Dairy products provide abundant, accessible calcium for humans, while some calcium sulfate-rich mineral waters could provide appreciable amounts of calcium. But there is little evidence that this calcium is as available as milk calcium for making bone. The availability of calcium was studied by monitoring bone parameters in 2-month-old pigs fed restricted amounts of calcium (70% RDA) for 2.5 months. The 3 main (> or = 50% Ca intake) Ca sources were either CaCO3 or CaSO4 or skim milk powder (29% of the diet). The bones of the pigs fed the "milk" diet had higher (P < 0.01) ash contents, breaking strength and density (DEXA) than those of the two others groups, in which the bone values were similar. Thus, the calcium provided by a diet containing milk appears to ensure better bone mineralization than do calcium salts included in a non-milk diet. The calcium restriction may have enhanced some milk properties to stimulate calcium absorption in these young, rapidly growing pigs.
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein mediates in PC12 cell cultures the inhibition of nerve growth factor‐promoted neurite outgrowth by pregnancy zone protein and α<sub>2</sub>‐macroglobulin (2002)

Human pregnancy zone protein (PZP) is a major pregnancy-associated plasma protein closely related to human alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M). It has been demonstrated that monoamine-activated forms of human and rat alpha(2)M and rat alpha(1)M can bind to TrkA and, respectively, inhibit and stimulate NGF-promoted neurite outgrowth, Trk phosphorylation, and intracellular signal transduction in PC12 cells. However, the effect of PZP on neurons is unknown, and the molecular mechanism of neuroinhibition by monoamine-activated alpha(2)M is still unclear. In this report, we show that methylamine-activated PZP (MA-PZP), like MA-alpha(2)M, inhibits in a dose-dependent way the NGF-promoted neurite extension and TrkA phosphorylation in PC12 cells. On the other hand, normal PZP (N-PZP) had little or no effect. In addition, the inhibitory effect of activated alpha-macroglobulins (alphaMs) was reversible upon its removal from the cell culture. In addition, PZP, as well as alpha(2)M, is neuroinhibitory without being directly cytotoxic. It is known that the activated alphaMs bind to the multiligand receptor termed low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and that the receptor-associated protein (RAP) specifically blocks uptake of all known LRP ligands. To investigate the potential role of LRP in neuromodulation by activated PZP/alpha(2)M, the effect of RAP on the neuroinhibitory activities of these alphaMs was also studied. Data presented here show that RAP blocked the neurite- and Trk-inhibitory activities of both MA-PZP and MA-alpha(2)M, whereas RAP itself had no neuromodulatory effect. Hence, we conclude that these data suggest that the LRP receptor and its alphaM ligands may play a role in regulating Trk receptors.
Identification of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for 3-Methylarginine, a Toxin Produced by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. syringae 22d/93 (2010)

ABSTRACT The epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 (Pss22d) produces the rare amino acid 3-methylarginine (MeArg), which is highly active against the closely related soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Since these pathogens compete for the same habitat, Pss22d is a promising candidate for biocontrol of P. syringae pv. glycinea. The MeArg biosynthesis gene cluster codes for the S -adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase MrsA, the putative aminotransferase MrsB, and the amino acid exporter MrsC. Transfer of the whole gene cluster into Escherichia coli resulted in heterologous production of MeArg. The methyltransferase MrsA was overexpressed in E. coli as a His-tagged protein and functionally characterized ( K m , 7 mM; k cat , 85 min −1 ). The highly selective methyltransferase MrsA transfers the methyl group from SAM into 5-guanidino-2-oxo-pentanoic acid to yield 5-guanidino-3-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoic acid, which then only needs to be transaminated to result in the antibiotic MeArg.
Regulation of serum chemokines following infliximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2007)

Anti-TNF-alpha antibody therapy accompanied by MTX, beside a rapid clinical improvement, reduced serum chemokines concentrations in RA patients. Subsequent administrations of infliximab sustained chemokines decrease, although to a lesser extent than the first two dose of infliximab.
CMOS transconductance multipliers: a tutorial (1998)

Real time analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important operations in analog signal processing. The multiplier is used not only as a computational building block but also as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a communication system. Although high performance bipolar junction transistor multipliers have been available for some time, the CMOS multiplier implementation is still a challenging subject especially for low-voltage and low-power circuit design. Despite the large number of papers proposing new CMOS multiplier structures, they can be roughly grouped into a few categories. This tutorial provides a complete survey of CMOS multipliers, presents a unified generation of multiplier architectures, and proposes the most recommended MOS multiplier structure. This tutorial could serve as a starting reference point (and metric) for comparison of new CMOS multiplier circuit configurations. An illustrative CMOS chip prototype verifying theoretical results is presented.
Doubly resonant χ<sup>(2)</sup> nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum (2019)

Photonic nanostructures simultaneously maximizing spectral and spatial overlap between fundamental and second-harmonic confined modes are highly desirable for enhancing second-order nonlinear effects in nonlinear media. These conditions have thus far remained challenging to satisfy in photonic crystal cavities because of the difficulty in designing a band gap at the second-harmonic frequency. Here, we solve this issue by using instead a bound state in the continuum at that frequency, and we design a doubly-resonant photonic crystal slab cavity with strongly improved figures of merit for nonlinear frequency conversion when compared to previous photonic crystal designs. Furthermore, we show that the far-field emission at both frequencies is highly collimated around normal incidence, which allows for simultaneously efficient pump excitation and collection of the generated nonlinear signal. Our results could lead to unprecedented conversion efficiencies in both parametric down conversion and second harmonic generation in an extremely compact architecture.
Charakterisierung verschiedener Rußtypen durch systematische statische Gasadsorption : energetische Heterogenität und Fraktalität der Partikeloberfläche (2001)

[no abstract]
Structure of Rapamycin: An NMR and Molecular‐Dynamics Investigation (1993)

Abstract The highly active immunosuppressive antibiotic rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of a signal transduction pathway that results in exocytosis and transcription. We report the results of the homo‐ and heteronuclear NMR experiments of rapamycin in DMSO leading to a complete assignment of the 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR signals. With exception of one CH 2 group, all diastereotopic assignments could be achieved using heteronuclear long‐range coupling constants. Restrained molecular‐dynamics simulation in the same solvent as the NMR experiments led to a well defined conformation of the rapamycin molecule in solution. Differences between the solution and crystal structures are discussed.
Chronic blockade of bioelectric activity in neonatal rat neocortex <i>in vitro</i>: Physiological effects (1991)

We have examined what effect the loss of spontaneous bioelectric activity has on neural network formation in organotypic rat neocortical explants grown under serum-free culture conditions. Explants were taken from dorsal midline (presumptive visual) and lateral (presumptive auditory) occipital cortex and chronically exposed to tetrodotoxin which blocked all measurable bioelectric activity between change of medium. Extracellular recordings revealed complex, rhythmic spontaneous and evoked multiunit discharges in all explants examined (following tetrodotoxin washout in the experimental group). Control auditory explants had significantly more sites from which electric activity could be recorded compared with control visual explants. Auditory cultures showed no effect of the tetrodotoxin treatment, whereas visual explants showed significant increases over control values, equalling the auditory values. This increased level of spontaneous bioelectric activity was maintained for at least 10 days following transfer of the cultures to control growth medium. There was no significant difference between control visual and auditory explants regarding the number of sites from which evoked activity was seen. Nor did either cortex group show an effect of tetrodotoxin on the number of sites from which evoked activity was seen. The frequency with which spontaneous bioelectric discharges occurred per site increased with age in auditory vs visual cortex. These differences, however, were abolished in the tetrodotoxin-treated groups. It was concluded that neocortical explants which have experienced chronic suppression of spontaneous electric activity did not suffer deficits in neural network formation, though there is an effect on the incidence and frequency with which such activity is given.
Serotype specificity and immunogenicity of the capsular polymer of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 (1987)

Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and serologic assays for detection of serotype-specific antibody are problematic due to the potential cross-reactivity of the crude antigens used for raising immune serum or for serology. The capsular polymer (CP) of H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was investigated for serotype-specific activity with antiserum to whole cells or with antiserum made monospecific to CP by adsorption with a capsule-deficient mutant. When antiserum to whole cells or monospecific antiserum to CP was tested against purified CP from serotypes 1 to 7 by immunodiffusion or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, only capsules of serotype 5 were reactive. In addition, only encapsulated serotype 5 cells reacted with serum monospecific to CP in an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay. Serotype-specific antibody was completely inhibited in each assay by preincubation of purified CP with the serum. Antiserum to whole cells of H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 contained antibodies to proteins and lipopolysaccharide; these antibodies cross-reacted with antigens of heterologous serotypes by dot-blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. The antigenic activity of CP was stable after heating for at least 30 min at 100 degrees C. High titers of antibody to CP were present in the sera of rabbits immunized intravenously with whole log-phase cells or in the convalescent sera of pigs experimentally infected with H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5. However, the purified CP was poorly immunogenic in rabbits and swine. Our results indicate that the capsule is the serotype-specific antigen of H. pleuropneumoniae and that a monospecific antiserum to capsule or purified capsule should be used for serotyping or serologic assays, respectively.
Yersinia pestis YopM: thrombin binding and overexpression (1992)

In previous studies, Yersinia pestis YopM has been shown through mutational analysis to be necessary for virulence in mice and found to have homology with the thrombin-binding domain of the platelet receptor GPIb alpha. In this study, YopM was purified and shown by dot blot and chemical cross-linking tests to bind to human alpha-thrombin. No cross-linked product could be detected when human prothrombin was incubated with YopM. As a functional test of thrombin binding, it was shown that native but not boiled YopM inhibits thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets. Control tests showed that YopM did not inactivate the platelets themselves, nor was its effect a nonspecific consequence of its very acidic isoelectric point. Microsequencing of YopM revealed an intact N terminus, indicating that functional YopM is not processed at the N terminus or secreted by a mechanism involving a cleavable signal sequence. Further characterization was made of an interesting effect on yopM expression that had been noticed in a previous study. A 1.5-kb HaeIII subclone overexpressed YopM in both Y. pestis and Escherichia coli compared with a larger clone containing the 5.3-kb HindIII-F fragment. To search for a possible regulator of YopM expression, the HindIII-F fragment was sequenced, revealing several open reading frames and three large repeated sequences. Deletional analysis showed that these were not involved in regulation of yopM. The data implicated a DNA structure 5' to yopM in moderating yopM expression.
Kultura w relacjach chińsko-polskich (wykład inauguracyjny, Inauguracja kierunku sinologia na Wydziale Filologicznym Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 4 października 2013 r.) (2014)

Culture in Sino-Polish Relations (Inaugural Lecture Inauguration of Sinology at the Faculty of Philology, University of Gdansk, 4th October 2013) The article presents an overview of the history of the Polish cultural relations with China. It covers the period from XII/XIII century to the year 2013. In the distant past Polish missionaries travelled to China and acquired knowledge on this country and its rich cultural heritage. The most prominent person of that epoch was Michal Boym, a devoted and courageous Jesuit, one of the best European specialist on China in XVII century. The establishment of diplomatic relations with the New China on 1949, was a turning-point in Polish-Chinese relations. Its concerned also cultural cooperation. Ever since started process of better reciprocal knowledge, especially in sphere of literature where even were some interaction. At the last years important role in cultural relations played a big projects as Polish participation in EXPO 2010 in Shanghai and the Year of Chopin. Increasing role played also initiatives of Polish cultural institutions in China and presence and development of teaching Chinese language at Universities and by Institutes of Confucius. The development of political cooperation between both countries and new Chinese initiatives concerning: bilateral relations, relations China with 16 Central and Eastern European countries and relations the EU – China permit to have great expectation for a future of Polish-Chinese cooperation, cultural cooperation included.