gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What do governments plan in the field of artificial intelligence? (2020)

The primary goal of this paper is to explore how Natural Language Processing techniques (NLP) can assist in reviewing, understanding, and drawing conclusions from text datasets. We explore NLP techniques for the analysis and the extraction of useful information from the text of twelve national strategies on artificial intelligence (AI). For this purpose, we are using a set of machine learning algorithms in order to (a) extract the most significant keywords and summarize each strategy document, (b) discover and assign topics to each document, and (c) cluster the strategies based on their pair-wise similarity. Using the results of the analysis, we discuss the findings and highlight critical issues that emerge from the national strategies for artificial intelligence, such as the importance of the data ecosystem for the development of AI, the increasing considerations about ethical and safety issues, as well as the growing ambition of many countries to lead in the AI race. Utilizing the LDA topic model, we were able to reveal the distributions of thematic sub-topics among the strategic documents. The topic modelling distributions were then used along with other document similarity measures as an input for the clustering of the strategic documents into groups. The results revealed three clusters of countries with a visible differentiation between the strategies of China and Japan on the one hand and the Scandinavian strategies (plus the German and the Luxemburgish) one on the other. The former promote technology and innovation-driven development plans in order to integrate AI with the economy, while the latter share a common view regarding the role of the public sector both as a promoter and investor but also as a user and beneficiary of AI, and give a higher priority to the ethical & safety issues that are connected to the development of AI.
iONE: A workflow-oriented ABNO implementation (2015)

An implementation of the IETF standardized ABNO architecture, named as iONE is presented. iONE consists in one single generic configurable module and a set of dynamically linkable workflows. The spectrum defragmentation use case is used to experimentally demonstrate iONE's functionalities.
Reviewing and Updating the Major Molecular Markers for Stem Cells (2013)

Stem cells (SC) are able to self-renew and to differentiate into many types of committed cells, making SCs interesting for cellular therapy. However, the pool of SCs in vivo and in vitro consists of a mix of cells at several stages of differentiation, making it difficult to obtain a homogeneous population of SCs for research. Therefore, it is important to isolate and characterize unambiguous molecular markers that can be applied to SCs. Here, we review classical and new candidate molecular markers that have been established to show a molecular profile for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The commonly cited markers for embryonic ESCs are Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, Rex-1, Dnmt3b, Lin-28, Tdgf1, FoxD3, Tert, Utf-1, Gal, Cx43, Gdf3, Gtcm1, Terf1, Terf2, Lefty A, and Lefty B. MSCs are primarily identified by the expression of CD13, CD29, CD44, CD49e, CD54, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD166, and HLA-ABC and lack CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD62E, CD62L, CD62P, and HLA-DR expression. HSCs are mainly isolated based on the expression of CD34, but the combination of this marker with CD133 and CD90, together with a lack of CD38 and other lineage markers, provides the most homogeneous pool of SCs. Here, we present new and alternative markers for SCs, along with microRNA profiles, for these cells.
Influence of Water on the Primary Photosynthetic Activity of Rhodospirillum Rubrum in Reverse Micelles (2000)

The effect of water on the primary photosynthetic activity of purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum was studied in Hexadecane-Tween-Spane (HTS)- and phospholipid (PLC)-reverse micelles. Reverse micelles offer the possibility of modulating the amount of water to which enzymes and multienzymatic complexes are exposed. Fast bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) fluorescence induction kinetics and reaction centre absorption changes at 820 nm were used as an assay for the functional transfer of bacterial cells into HTS-reverse micelles and bacterial photosynthetic complexes (BPC) into PLC-reverse micelles. Both the bacterial cells and BPC showed an increase in the rate of primary photosynthetic activity by increasing the concentration of water in the reverse micelles. The bacterial cells could be kept viable for many hours in HTS-reverse micelles in presence of 6% (v/v) water. NMR studies indicated that the photosynthetic activity was affected by the availability of water in reverse micelles. The bacterial cells in HTS or BPC in PLC reverse micelles could be used to further understand the influence of water on the organisation and function of photosynthetic complexes.
Relative Quantitation of Glycoisoforms of Intact Apolipoprotein C3 in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications to mammalian proteins. Distribution of different glycoisoforms of certain proteins may reflect disease conditions and, therefore, can potentially be utilized as biomarkers. Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) is one of the many plasma glycoproteins extensively studied for association with disease states. ApoC3 exists in three main glycoisoforms, including ApoC3-1 and ApoC3-2, which contain an O-linked carbohydrate moiety consisting of three and four monosaccharide residues, respectively, and ApoC3-0 that lacks the entire glycosylation chain. Changes in the ratio of different glycoisoforms of ApoC3 have been observed in pathological conditions such as kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes. They may provide important information for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic response for metabolic conditions. In this current work, a liquid chromatography (LC)-high-resolution (HR) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed for relative quantitation of different glycoisoforms of intact ApoC3 in human plasma. The samples were processed using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and then subjected to LC-full scan HRMS analysis. Isotope peaks for each targeted glycoisoform at two charge states were extracted using a window of 50 mDa and integrated into a chromatographic peak. The peak area ratios of ApoC3-1/ApoC3-0 and ApoC3-2/ApoC3-0 were calculated and evaluated for assay performance. The results indicated that the ratio can be determined with excellent reproducibility in multiple subjects. It has also been observed that the ratios remained constant in plasma exposed to room temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, and long-term frozen storage. The method was applied in preliminary biomarker research of diabetes by analyzing plasma samples collected from normal, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects. Significant differences were revealed in the ApoC3-1/ApoC3-0 ratio and in the ApoC3-2/ApoC3-0 ratio among the three groups. The workflow of intact protein analysis using full scan HRMS established in this current work can be potentially extended to relative quantitation of other glycosylated proteins. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that a systematic approach of relative quantitation of targeted intact protein glycoisoforms using LC-MS has been established and utilized in biomarker research.
The fast multipole method for periodic structures (2002)

The fast multipole method (FMM) can be applied to the computation of radiation and scattering from infinite periodic structures by applying the Ewald summation technique to the FMM translation operator. When the, FMM group is taken to be a unit cell in the structure, this results in a large saving in the setup times compared to a straightforward FFT approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Incontinence in the aged: contact dermatitis and other cutaneous consequences (2007)

Urinary and faecal incontinence affects a significant portion of the elderly population. The increase in the incidence of incontinence is not only dependent on age but also on the onset of concomitant ageing issues such as infection, polypharmacy, and decreased cognitive function. If incontinence is left untreated, a host of dermatological complications can occur, including incontinence dermatitis, dermatological infections, intertrigo, vulvar folliculitis, and pruritus ani. The presence of chronic incontinence can produce a vicious cycle of skin damage and inflammation because of the loss of cutaneous integrity. Minimizing skin damage caused by incontinence is dependent on successful control of excess hydration, maintenance of proper pH, minimization of interaction between urine and faeces, and prevention of secondary infection. Even though incontinence is common in the aged, it is not an inevitable consequence of ageing but a disorder that can and should be treated. Appropriate clinical management of incontinence can help seniors continue to lead vital active lives as well as avoid the cutaneous sequelae of incontinence.
Fault tolerant token ring model development (2002)

The token ring is one of the most popular local area network (LAN) schemes, and is very widely used. One of the major weaknesses of the token ring network is that if a single station fails, the entire network and the system is likely to fail. Also, with the distributed and concurrent processing schemes becoming increasingly popular, there is an ever growing need to interconnect several LANs for an integrated wide area network. Often, the protocols of the LAN and the protocols of the inter-connectivity are distinctly separate. This requires protocol conversions, additional hardware and software modules, which increase the delay of transmission and make the system less reliable. The authors have devised a methodology to minimize the bit faults in intercommunications. Frame formats of the emerging interconnection technology such as integrated services digital network (ISDN) using the existing telephone network are integrated with those of the conventional token ring protocols, in order to improve the fault tolerance of a token ring network, and make the interconnection of several token ring networks very simple and effective. The authors analyze the token ring and other network topologies and discuss the methodologies of fault tolerance and protocol integration schemes. A model token ring network has been implemented at Florida International University's Computer Engineering Laboratories to validate these concepts.
Propuesta de enseñanza-aprendizaje de un modelo de juego en fútbol de alto rendimiento (2013)

Introduccion: En el entrenamiento de los deportes de equipo, esta generalizada la descripcion de la periodizacion del entrenamiento en funcion de las capacidades fisicas trabajadas en cada microciclo. Este proceso de planificacion y programacion tiene un fundamento cientifico y es necesario, pero no es incompatible con un registro y una programacion de los contenidos tacticos a trabajar. Para ello, debe existir un modelo de juego basado en las caracteristicas de los jugadores y un registro detallado de cada partido, en funcion de unos indicadores de rendimiento que permitan evaluar la asimilacion de dicho modelo de juego.
Objetivo: Realizar una revision de la literatura mas reciente acerca de planificacion en futbol y a partir de esta definir unas tareas para desarrollar un modelo de juego concreto, ademas de un metodo de registro de datos y de evaluacion del proceso ensenanza-aprendizaje tactico-estrategico en el futbol de alto rendimiento.
Material y metodos: Mediante la diversa bibliografia, la informacion sobre el modelo de juego y los videos de partidos completos proporcionados por el cuerpo tecnico del Club Deportivo Leganes; he desarrollado la propuesta de una metodologia de entrenamiento, y unas tareas como base de la ensenanza-aprendizaje del modelo de juego
Resultados: El resultado de este trabajo es una propuesta metodologica que puede ser adaptable a otros entrenadores, modelos de juego e incluso deportes, ya que es una herramienta flexible.
Conclusiones: El registro detallado de un modelo de juego, de unas tareas para desarrollar cada uno de sus aspectos y su evaluacion mediante unos indicadores de rendimiento disenados por el entrenador, forman en conjunto una herramienta practica para el desarrollo de dicho modelo de juego y por lo tanto aumentar el rendimiento del equipo.
Transforming the Ferraris disc meter into a key element in an automated meter reading system (1996)

World markets are heavily populated with single-phase Ferraris disc electricity meters installed to measure energy usage against simple tariff structures accurately over many years. For important reasons (such as demand side management requiring multi-rate, time-of-use tariffs, remote communication and the complexities of competitive supply) there is a growing interest in intelligent forms of domestic electricity metering. In the privatised UK electricity supply market, uncertainties remain about the possible form of single-phase metering in 1998 and beyond. The Regional Electricity Companies wish to plan for the final phase of deregulation but do not wish to invest in what could be inappropriate technology or meter designs. The purpose of this paper is to describe how these meters can in situ, and without de-certification be transformed into the key source of information in any one of a number of automated meter reading systems. The paper is divided into three sections: (1) a simple and elegant mechanical design to fit over the majority of meters already installed in the UK; (2) the sophisticated and patented technology used for the detection of disk rotation; and (3) two possible technologies used for automatic meter reading.
Network Time-Delay Compensation Based on Narandra Stable Adaptive Control (2014)

A new delay compensation control algorithm is applied to the networked control system (NCS), in which the characters of random time-delay and packet loss involved. Firstly, the ideal model of networked control system is considered as a reference model, and then the Lyapunov stability theory is used to design an adaptive control algorithm which generates a bounded control input, it is guaranteed that generalized output error is closing to zero. Narandra stability adaptive controller is used in the networked control system, which has many advantages including simple algorithm, less time computing, fast response. The simulation results are shown that the networked control system is well controlled by this method.
A spaceborne synthetic aperture radiometer simulated by the TUD demonstration model (2002)

The TUD synthetic aperture radiometer demonstration model consists of a 2-channel X-band correlation radiometer with two horn antennas and an antenna mounting structure enabling the horns to be mounted in relevant positions within a certain aperture. The cross correlation of the signals from the 2 antennas produces a sample of the visibility function, which is the Fourier transform of the brightness temperature distribution of the target area. A total aperture synthesis is obtained by sequentially placing the two antenna elements in all required pairs of positions and measure the corresponding samples of the visibility function followed by an image reconstruction procedure which is based on the inverse Fourier transform. The system has been used to simulate a spaceborne instrument (MIRAS) in order to validate the image reconstruction processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA (2017)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) stand out among RNA viruses because of their unusually large genomes (∼30 kb) associated with low mutation rates. CoVs code for nsp14, a bifunctional enzyme carrying RNA cap guanine N7-methyltransferase (MTase) and 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) activities. ExoN excises nucleotide mismatches at the RNA 3'-end in vitro, and its inactivation in vivo jeopardizes viral genetic stability. Here, we demonstrate for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV an RNA synthesis and proofreading pathway through association of nsp14 with the low-fidelity nsp12 viral RNA polymerase. Through this pathway, the antiviral compound ribavirin 5'-monophosphate is significantly incorporated but also readily excised from RNA, which may explain its limited efficacy in vivo. The crystal structure at 3.38 Å resolution of SARS-CoV nsp14 in complex with its cofactor nsp10 adds to the uniqueness of CoVs among RNA viruses: The MTase domain presents a new fold that differs sharply from the canonical Rossmann fold.
Force Measurements of TCR/pMHC Recognition at T Cell Surface (2011)

The rupture forces and adhesion frequencies of single recognition complexes between an affinity selected peptide/MHC complex and a TCR at a murine hybridoma surface were measured using Atomic Force Microscopy. When the CD8 coreceptor is absent, the adhesion frequency depends on the nature of the peptide but the rupture force does not. When CD8 is present, no effect of the nature of the peptide is observed. CD8 is proposed to act as a time and distance lock, enabling the shorter TCR molecule to bridge the pMHC and have time to finely read the peptide. Ultimately, such experiments could help the dissection of the sequential steps by which the TCR reads the peptide/MHC complex in order to control T cell activation.
Real-time timbral transformation: FFT-based resynthesis (1994)

This paper presents real-time musical applications using the IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation which make use of FFT/IFFT-based resynthesis for timbral transformation in a compositional context. An intuitive and straightforward user interface, intended for use by musicians, has been developed by the authors in the Max programming environment. Techniques for filtering, cross-synthesis, noise reduction, and dynamic spectral shaping are presented along with control structures that allow for both fine timbral modification and control of complex sound transformations using few parameters.
The techniques for catheter ablation of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review (2010)

Pulmonary venous antral isolation is the cornerstone of ablation of both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. However, to obtain better outcomes in persistent atrial fibrillation, further adjuvant ablation, in the form of either linear or CFE ablation, will likely have to be performed to achieve comparable success rates.
Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of genes for three small, acid-soluble proteins from Bacillus subtilis spores (1986)

Three Bacillus subtilis genes (termed sspA, sspB, and sspD) which code for small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) have been cloned, and their complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. The amino acid sequences of the SASPs coded for by these genes are similar to each other and to those of the SASP-1 of B. subtilis (coded for by the sspC gene) and the SASP-A/C family of B. megaterium. The sspA and sspB genes are expressed only in sporulation, in parallel with each other and with the sspC gene. Two regions upstream of the postulated transcription start sites for the sspA and B genes have significant homology with the analogous regions of the sspC gene and the SASP-A/C gene family. Purification of two of the three major B, subtilis SASPs (alpha and beta) and determination of their amino-terminal sequences indicated that the sspA gene codes for SASP-alpha and that the sspB gene codes for SASP-beta. This was confirmed by the introduction of deletion mutations into the cloned sspA and sspB genes and transfer of these deletions into the B. subtilis chromosome with concomitant loss of the wild-type gene.
Molecular biology approach to the neurosciences (1984)

Introduces neurobiologists to the possible uses of molecular biology methodology in the investigation of neurobiological phenomena. Part one treats the theory and reviews the current knowledge of molecular studies of the nervous system. Part two is practical and includes background material, recommended references to specific methodologies, and detailed cookbook' recipes for carrying out the various techniques.
Yeast Ribosomal Protein L12 Is a Substrate of Protein-arginine Methyltransferase 2 (2002)

Type III protein-arginine methyltransferase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (RMT2) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. The cytosolic, ribosomal, and ribosome salt wash fractions from yeast cells lacking RMT2 were used as substrates for the recombinant RMT2. Using S-adenosyl-l-methionine as co-substrate, RMT2 methylated a protein in the ribosome salt wash fraction. The same protein in the ribosomal fraction was also methylated by RMT2 after pretreating the sample with endonuclease. Amino acid analysis affirmed that the labeling products were delta-N-monomethylarginines. The methylated protein from the ribosomal or the ribosome salt wash fraction was isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified as ribosomal protein L12 by mass spectrometry. Using synthetic peptides, recombinant L12, and its mutant as substrates, we pinpointed Arg(67) on ribosomal protein L12 as the methyl acceptor. L12 was isolated from wild type yeast cells that have been grown in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-[methyl-(3)H]methionine and subjected to amino acid analysis. The results indicate that L12 contains delta-N-monomethylarginines.
Effect of Serotonin on T Lymphocyte Proliferation in vitro in Healthy Individuals (1986)

The direct effect of different concentrations of serotonin on T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was seen in 20 normal individuals. It has been observed that the neurotransmitter had a suppressive effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. This study shows that the effect of serotonin on the immune system is direct.
Experimental chemotherapy of human medulloblastoma with classical alkylators. (1986)

Seven classical alkylators were tested for activity against the continuous human medulloblastoma cell line TE-671 grown in vitro and as s.c. and intracranial xenografts in athymic mice. Drugs tested included melphalan, cyclophosphamide (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide in vitro), iphosphamide (4-hydroperoxyiphosphamide in vitro), phenylketocyclo-phosphamide, phenylketoiphosphamide, Asta Z 7557, and thiotriethyl-enephosphoramide. All agents were active, with melphalan demonstrating the most activity in vitro and in vivo. Comparative studies of cyclophosphamide and phenylketocyclophosphamide revealed partition coefficients (log P) of 0.73 and greater than 1.69, respectively, and cyclophosphamide exhibited greater cytotoxic activity in post- (equitoxic) drug administration murine plasma. Hematological toxicity was limited to leukopenia/neutropenia for both of these agents. These studies suggest that the classical alkylators may have a role in the treatment of medulloblastoma and provide a means to further analyze their therapeutic potential.