gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic‐Dipolar‐Interaction‐Induced Self‐Assembly Affords Wires of Hollow Nanocrystals of Cobalt Selenide (2006)

Giving cobalt some stick: A general strategy for the synthesis of 1D assemblies of hollow nanocrystals is presented. Cobalt nanostructures assembled through magnetic dipolar interactions (see scheme) are used as templates for the formation of wires of hollow nanocrystals of CoSe2 (and Co3S4, CoTe). The wires of hollow CoSe2 nanocrystals are ferromagnetic, with a Curie temperature of 570 K. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503486_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Free Nonimmobilized Ligands as a Tool for Purification of Proteins (2005)

Purification of proteins on a large scale is a complex multistep process, and alternative economic strategies are required. This study presents a novel approach (Affinity Sinking, AS) for purification of native proteins utilizing nonimmobilized modified ligands. The nonimmobilized state of the ligand circumvents the need for immobilizing ligands to polymeric supports. Therefore, purification from large volumes can be accomplished without the use of industrial-scale affinity columns. The mechanism of product capture is formation and precipitation of a specific [target-protein/modified-ligand] complex by using a soluble interconnecting entity that generates an insoluble [target-protein/modified-ligand/interconnecting entity] sediment containing the target protein. Rabbit IgG and two glycoproteins were purified accordingly, utilizing free avidin (as the interconnecting entity) and either desthiobiotinylated-protein A (DB-ProA) or desthiobiotinylated-concanavalin A (DB-ConA) as the modified ligand. The recovery yields for the IgG and the two glycoproteins were 80-86% and 70-75%, respectively. Target proteins are eluted from the generated pellet nearly without disrupting the [modified-ligand/interconnecting entity] macro-complex, thus enabling a practical procedure of recovering target proteins. Leaching of the DB-ProA ligand under eluting conditions (pH 3) was found to be lower than 1%. The two modified ligands, DB-ProA and DB-ConA, were regenerated without any chromatographic procedure in 80% and 85%-89% yield, respectively. The advantage of excluding the polymeric component from the purification process and obtaining highly purified proteins has been demonstrated, and it implies that other contaminants (e.g. endotoxins, prions, host DNA) could be excluded as well, thereby reducing the number of purification steps in a typical downstream process.
New Strategy to Synthesis of Hierarchical Mesoporous Zeolites (2010)

We report a new strategy to synthesize the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite through design of mesoscale cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle with cosolvent tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and the 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) additive, by which the formation of hierarchical mesostructure arose from the condensing of zeolite fragments on the mesoscale surfactant micelles. The hierarchical mesoporous silica with zeolite Y or sodalite fragment is synthesized for the first time, which exhibited both the mesostructure and the typical diffraction of zeolite. XRD, N2 adsorption−desorption, 27Al MAS NMR, FTIR, and NH3-TPD techniques were employed to characterize the resulting samples, and the adsorption of NPYR (N-nitrosopyrrolidine) and NNN (N-nitrosonornicotine) were performed to assess the adsorptive capability of the zeolitic mesoporous materials. The MS3-4t-5b sample synthesized by assembling zeolite gel exhibited the adsorptive capacity comparable to NaY zeolite for trapping NPYR in airflow but four times superior to NaY for adsorbing bulky nitrosamine NNN in solution because of its hierarchical mesostructure.
Optimization of silicon bipolar transistors for high current gain at low temperatures (1988)

Bipolar transistors designed specifically for operation at liquid-nitrogen (LN/sub 2/) temperature are discussed. It is found that for high-gain LN/sub 2/ bipolar transistors, the emitter concentration should be around 5*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/. Compensating impurities in the base should be kept to minimum. Test bipolar transistors with polysilicon emitter contacts were fabricated using these criteria. The devices show very little current degradation between room temperature and 77 k. Polysilicon emitter contacts are also shown to be somewhat more effective at lower temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical I/O technology for tera-scale computing (2009)

Optical interconnect with its terahertz bandwidth, low loss, and low cross-talk has been proposed to replace electrical interconnect between chips [1]. This paper describes results for both near and long-term chip-to-chip optical interconnect architectures.
Encapsulated copper interconnection devices using sidewall barriers (2002)

The concept of treating interconnections as a device and designing them while keeping both materials and structures in mind is presented. An example using molybdenum and copper is demonstrated. Copper introduces new problems such as diffusion in addition to the traditional problems for interconnections such as adhesion. A new structure called a sidewall barrier is presented and used as part of a copper interconnection. This structure can be combined with a multilayer thin film resulting in a completely encapsulated interconnection. The technique is versatile enough that almost any material including dielectrics can be used as the encapsulation material and the sidewall barrier can be either on the outside of a feature or the inside of a space. Several potential metals (Mo, TiN, W) for encapsulating copper are examined and molybdenum is chosen and used. Electromigration measurements of bilayered copper films reveal that there are problems with TiN and tungsten barriers. Copper oxidation, stress, electromigration, hillock growth, resistivity, diffusion and adhesion are all studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hepatocellular Transport: Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins (1996)

The interest of mammalian biologists in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins is relatively recent. However, ABC proteins are widespread in distribution and have long been known to play an important transport role in prokaryotes. The review includes a brief overview of the structure, regulation, and varied functions of ABC proteins in different cell types as well as a synopsis of the emerging role of ABC proteins in human biology and disease. The review then focuses on the established (canalicular secretion of organic cations by the multidrug resistance, or MDR 1, gene product; ductular secretion of fluid and electrolytes mediated by CFTR), probable (biliary phospholipid secretion by the MDR 2 gene product; secretion of non-bile acid organic anions by the multidrug resistance protein, or MRP), and possible (bile acid secretion; biliary secretion of the signaling molecule, ATP; hormone transport) roles of known and novel ABC proteins in hepatobiliary secretion.
Programming in C++. Rules and recommendations (1992)

ion .....................................................................................74 18.2 Sizes of Types ........................................................................................75 18.3 Type Conversions ..................................................................................75 18.4 Data Representation ..............................................................................75 18.5 Underflow/Overflow ................................................................................76 18.6 Order of Execution .................................................................................76 18.7 Temporary Objects .................................................................................79 18.8 Pointer Arithmetic ...................................................................................79 19 References ............................................................................................81 20 Summary of Rules .........................
THE OXIDATION OF INOSITE WITH NITRIC ACID (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE OXIDATION OF INOSITE WITH NITRIC ACIDOtto Gelormini and Neal E. ArtzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 6, 2483–2494Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01369a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01369a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Profile of alisporivir and its potential in the treatment of hepatitis C (2013)

Two classes of hepatitis C antiviral agents currently exist, i.e., direct-acting antivirals and host-targeting antivirals. Direct-acting antivirals target viral proteins including NS3/NS4A protease, NS5B polymerase and NS5A protein, while host-targeting antivirals target various host proteins critical for replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Alisporivir is the most advanced host-targeting antiviral in clinical development. Alisporivir blocks HCV replication by neutralizing the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity of the abundant host cytosolic protein, cyclophilin A. Due to its unique mechanism of antiviral action, alisporivir is pangenotypic, provides a high barrier for development of viral resistance, and does not permit cross-resistance to direct-acting antivirals. Alisporivir has an excellent pharmacokinetic and safety profile. Phase I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that alisporivir causes a dramatic reduction in viral loads in HCV-infected patients. Alisporivir was shown to be highly potent in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 1 as well as in those with genotypes 2 or 3. Low viral breakthrough rates were observed and the most frequent clinical and laboratory adverse events associated with alisporivir in combination with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin were similar to those associated with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin used alone. A laboratory abnormality observed in some patients receiving alisporivir is hyperbilirubinemia, which is related to transporter inhibition and not to liver toxicity. The most recent clinical results suggest that alisporivir plus other direct-acting antivirals should provide a successful treatment option for difficult-to-treat populations, such as nonresponders to prior interferon-alpha therapy and patients with cirrhosis. In conclusion, alisporivir represents an attractive candidate component of future interferon-free regimens.
Dynamically updatable component-based system (DUCS) (2003)

We present our framework called DUCS. DUCS supports on-the-fly updates of distributed component-based applications. DUCS has a layered architecture running on top of a virtual machine extended with a support for object unload and replacement. DUCS is a meta-level framework, so the impact on the application's implementation is minimal. It supports dynamic component replacement, state transfer among components, interface modifications, and automatic propagation of updates. The framework is expandable and can be applied to many programming languages as well as many hardware platforms.
Research of communicated front-end system based on SOA (2010)

In electric dispatch master station, communicated front-end system is based on different platforms, and the formats of data are not identical. In order to increase the rate of data transmission and the security, the stability of data transmission, at the same time in order to increase the normative and convenience of the secondary development of the system, this paper brings forward the project of communicated front-end system based on service oriented architecture (SOA). This paper introduces SOA and its core——Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)which links communicated front-end system and background system. The hardware and software configuration of communicated front-end system are designed and showed. Communicated front-end system based on SOA greatly improves reliability and real time of the system.
Research and Implementation of Weather Network Timing System Based on NTP (2011)

In the meteorological field,establishing an accurate,steady and reliable unified meteorological system clock source is of very important practical significance and application value for dealing with various kinds of meteorological business.First we analyze the principle,realization way and operation mode of NTP-based clock synchronization system,then introduce the NTP implementation in meteorological networks,finally describe the establishment of NTP server and client.
Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine diphosphate as conformation-determining molecules. Differential interaction of a fluorescent probe with the guanosine nucleotide complexes of bacterial elongation factor Tu (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGuanosine triphosphate and guanosine diphosphate as conformation-determining molecules. Differential interaction of a fluorescent probe with the guanosine nucleotide complexes of bacterial elongation factor TuLaura J. Crane and David Lee MillerCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 5, 933–939Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00702a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00702a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A quantitative analysis of the activation and inactivation kinetics of <i>HERG</i> expressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1997)

1. The human ether à-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes a K+ channel that is believed to be the basis of the delayed rectified current, IKr, in cardiac muscle. We studied HERG expressed in Xenopus oocytes using a two-electrode and cut-open oocyte clamp technique with [K+]0 of 2 and 98 mM. 2. The time course of activation of the channel was measured using an envelope of tails protocol and demonstrated that activation of the heterologously expressed HERG current (IHERG) was sigmoidal in onset. At least three closed states were required to reproduce the sigmoid time course. 3. The voltage dependence of the activation process and its saturation at positive voltages suggested the existence of at least one relatively voltage-insensitive step. A three closed state activation model with a single voltage-insensitive intermediate closed state was able to reproduce the time and voltage dependence of activation, deactivation and steady-state activation. Activation was insensitive to changes in [K+]0. 4. Both inactivation and recovery time constants increased with a change of [K+]0 from 2 to 98 mM. Steady-state inactivation shifted by approximately 30 mV in the depolarized direction with a change from 2 to 98 mM K+0. 5. Simulations showed that modulation of inactivation is a minimal component of the increase of this current by [K+]0, and that a large increase in total conductance must also occur.
XML-Driven Framework for Policy-Based QoS Management of IMS Networks (2008)

Policy Based Network Management (PBNM) simplifies the administration and management of communication networks. However due to the wide variety of policy representation forms, interoperability between different entities of PBNM systems becomes a concern. The Common Open Policy Service (COPS), which was standardized for policy control between a Policy Decision Function (PDF) and Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) had considerable shortfalls in efficiency and flexibility - its successor the Diameter protocol exhibits interoperability shortfalls. An XML-based policy provisioning solution presents great modeling capabilities that may overcome these shortfalls. The IP multimedia subsystem has adopted PBMN as the mechanism for resource and admission control. This paper reviews an XML- driven architecture for policy control of DiffServ networks, and explores the incorporation of the proposed architecture into the IMS framework to perform policy control and enforcement. Proof of concept results of the XML-based policy control architecture are presented alongside design requirements for using it as an alternative to diameter for IMS policy control.
Longitude: the true story of a lone genius who solved the greatest scientific problem of his time (1996)

First published in 1996, Dava Sobel's story of an epic scientific quest - how to calculate longitude. The thorniest scientific problem of the day had occupied scientists and their patrons for the better part of two centuries until John Harrison dared to imagine a mechanical solution. The story encompasses astronomy, navigation and clockmaking.
Aggristin (ristomycin) precipitation test: a new tool for the detection of fibrin monomer and fibrin degradation products. (1985)

The specific detection of fibrin monomer and fibrin degradation products is of high importance in the laboratory diagnosis of intravascular clotting (disseminated intravascular coagulation, deep vein thrombosis). The methods proposed until now are partly time-consuming, needing special laboratories or insensitive and poorly specific. Applying ristomycin instead of ristocetin (another member of the vancomycin antibiotics) a new simple, specific and sensitive method has been elaborated and recommended for the laboratory diagnosis of intravascular coagulation and its differentiation from primary fibrinogenolysis. The results obtained from in vitro and animal experiments and from human studies are presented.
Recognition of two <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i>-specific epitopes on antigen P1 by using monoclonal antibodies: binding to each epitope can be inhibited by serum from dust mite-allergic patients. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against Antigen P1, the major allergen of the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). The majority were Antigen P1 specific, isotype IgG1, and did not react with a comparable D. farinae allergen. These antibodies bound 38 to 50% of 125I Antigen P1 in antigen-binding assays (titer greater than or equal to 1/1,000,000), and the quantities of IgG antibody in ascites were 2 to 4 logs greater than those in polyclonal mouse antiserum or in serum from a mite-allergic patient. Two IgM antibodies showed weak binding to Antigen P1 but reacted strongly with D. pteronyssinus in enzyme immunoassay (titer greater than or equal to 1/100,000). Assessments of the specificity of the IgG antibodies by using two inhibition radioimmunoassays suggested that they were directed against two different epitopes. Antibodies 10B9 F6 and 5H8 C12 were purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (isoelectric points of pI 6.25 and 7.4, respectively) and radiolabeled with 125I. Cross-inhibition experiments, using ascites dilutions to inhibit binding of each radiolabeled antibody to Antigen P1, confirmed that these antibodies recognized two distinct epitopes. Analysis of antibodies from 39 clones/hybrids showed that the majority were directed against the same epitopes as either 10B9 F6 or 5H8 C12 (3 out of 39 [8%] and 29 out of 39 [74%], respectively). None of the monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited (greater than 10%) human IgE binding to Antigen P1 in the radioallergosorbent test. However, 12 of 14 sera from mite allergic patients inhibited binding by the monoclonal antibodies. One serum from a mite-allergic patient inhibited binding of both 10B9 F6 and 5H8 C12 by greater than 85% and showed parallel inhibition curves. The results suggest that these monoclonal antibodies could be used to assay Antigen P1 in both D. pteronyssinus and house dust extracts. It should also be possible to use monoclonal antibodies in inhibition assays to define the antigenic/allergenic determinants recognized by human IgG and IgE antibodies on this mite allergen.
p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Fusion Protein in the Treatment of Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock (1997)

In this dose-finding study, there was no decrease in mortality between placebo and p55-IgG in all infused patients. In the prospectively defined population of patients with severe sepsis who received p55-IgG, 0.083 mg/kg, there was a trend toward reduced mortality at day 28 that became significant when predicted mortality and plasma interleukin 6 levels were included in a logistic regression analysis.
A Supramolecular Catalyst for Regioselective Hydroformylation of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids (2007)

The quest to capture the catalytic power of enzymes is one of the great challenges of modern chemistry. A novel system inspired by the principles of enzymatic catalysis combines recognition of the substrate and transition-metal catalysis (see scheme; Do=donor, FG=functional group) and mimics enzyme properties—high efficiency, substrate selectivity, and reaction-site selectivity.