gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-head lice effect of Annona squamosa seeds. (2006)

The present study focused on the separation and identification of the active compounds against head lice from the hexane extract of Annona squamosa L seed. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques revealed that two major compounds of the hexane seed extract were oleic acid and triglyceride with one oleate ester. The yields of these compounds were 13.25% and 7.74% dry weight, respectively. The compounds were tested in vitro against head lice, comparing to the crude hexane extract of the seed. The triglyceride with one oleate ester and the crude hexane extract diluted with coconut oil 1:1. These compounds were found to kill all tested head lice in 49, 11 and 30 minutes, respectively. The triglyceride ester can be used as a marker for quantitative analysis of the active compound for quality control of the raw material A. squamosa seed and its extract. This first finding will be useful for quality assessment and the chemical stability of the antihead lice preparation from this plant.
Activation of 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> but not 5‐HT<sub>1B</sub> receptors attenuates an increase in extracellular dopamine derived from exogenously administered <scp>l</scp>‐DOPA in the striatum with nigrostriatal denervation (2001)

In order to determine whether L-DOPA-derived extracellular dopamine (DA) in the striatum with dopaminergic denervation is affected by activation of serotonin autoreceptors (5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors), we applied in vivo brain microdialysis technique to 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and examined the effects of the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and the selective 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist CGS-12066 A on L-DOPA-derived extracellular DA levels. Single L-DOPA injection (50 mg/kg i.p.) caused a rapid increase and a following decrease of extracellular DA, with a peak value at 100 min after L-DOPA injection. Pretreatment with both 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT (i.p.) significantly attenuated an increase in L-DOPA-derived extracellular DA and the times of peak DA levels were prolonged to 150 min and 225 min after L-DOPA injection, respectively. These 8-OH-DPAT-induced changes in L-DOPA-derived extracellular DA were antagonized by further pretreatment with WAY-100635, a selective 5-HT(1A) antagonist. In contrast, intrastriatal perfusion with the 5-HT(1B) agonist CGS-12066 A (10 nM and 100 nM) did not induce any changes in L-DOPA-derived extracellular DA. Thus, stimulation of 5-HT(1A) but not 5-HT(1B) receptors attenuated an increase in extracellular DA derived from exogenous L-DOPA. These results support the hypothesis that serotonergic neurons are primarily responsible for the storage and release of DA derived from exogenous L-DOPA in the absence of dopaminergic neurons.
Standardisation of Factor VIII – V. Calibration of the 2nd International Standard for Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor Activities in Plasma (1992)

The proposed 2nd International Standard for Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor activities in plasma, NIBSC code 87/718, was assayed against the 1st IRP, 80/511, and against fresh normal plasma, in 21 laboratories. There were no significant differences between the various assay methods for factor VIII antigen, von Willebrand factor antigen, and von Willebrand factor ristocetin co-factor activity. For factor VIII clotting activity there was a significant difference between the results of one-stage and two-stage assays. Plasma 87/718 has now been established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation as the 2nd IS for factor VIII and vWF in plasma with the following potencies: VIII:C 0.60 IU/ampoule; VIII:Ag 0.91 IU/ampoule; vWF:Ag 0.91 IU/ampoule; vWF/RCo 0.84 IU/ampoule.
ADVISOR 2.1: a user-friendly advanced powertrain simulation using a combined backward/forward approach (1999)

ADVISOR 2.1 is the latest version of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's advanced vehicle simulator. It was first developed in 1994 to support the US Department of Energy hybrid propulsion system program and is designed to be accurate, fast, flexible, easily sharable, and easy to use. This paper presents the model, focusing on its combination of forward- and backward-facing simulation approaches, and evaluates the model in terms of its design goals. ADVISOR predicts acceleration time to within 0.7% and energy use on the demanding US06 to within 0.6% for an underpowered series hybrid vehicle (0-100 km/h in 20 s). ADVISOR simulates vehicle performance on standard driving cycles between 2.6 and 8.0 times faster than a representative forward-facing vehicle model. Due in large part to ADVISOR's powerful graphical user interface and Web presence, over 800 users have downloaded ADVISOR from 45 different countries. Many of these users have contributed their own component data to the ADVISOR library.
Evaluation and Modeling of User Performance for Pointing and Scrolling Tasks on Handheld Devices Using Tilt Sensor (2009)

We experimentally test the effectiveness and reliability of the accelerometer-based tilt sensor as an interaction device for pointing and scrolling tasks on handheld devices. The touch screen and stylus based interfaces on these devices requires using two hands: one for holding the device and the other for driving the stylus. In our experiment, the participants use only one hand to interact with the same interfaces. In addition to freeing one hand, using the tilt sensor doesn't hide a part of the device's tiny screen. Two different interfaces are used in the experiment: one for testing pointing and targeting without scrolling and the other is for testing them with scrolling. Using the experiment results we developed a model for the prediction of the execution time for both tasks.
Optimal aperture width selection and parallel implementation of Kirchhoff migration algorithm (2002)

Summary This paper describes an approach for selection of aperture width in Kirchhoff time migration and discusses parallel implementation of the algorithm for 2D and 3D data sets. Selection of aperture width in Kirchhoff migration is a crucial factor in obtaining a high-resolution image of the subsurface geological structures. The spatial extent of the diffraction hyperbola used for summation is determined using a combination of the geological complexities and characteristics of the diffraction amplitudes. In this study we propose a new methodology for aperture width selection in Kirchhoff time migration based upon the decay of diffraction amplitude and compare it with two other methods. The parallel algorithms are developed on PARAM10000, a distributed memory parallel computer, using MPI (Message Passing Interface) and MPI I/O parallel programming environment. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by applying it to a data set from SEG/EAGE overthrust model.
Polyester Preparation in the Presence of Pristine and Phosphonic‐Acid‐Modified Zirconia Nanopowders (2011)

Abstract A novel zirconia polyester nanocomposite is prepared using an in situ approach. Surface‐functionalized zirconia nanoparticles are obtained by attaching 3‐phosphonopropionic acid to the metal oxide. Neat and surface‐covered metal oxide particles are incorporated at the beginning of the polyesterification reaction of isophthalic acid and neopentyl glycol resulting in zirconia/poly(neopentyl isophthalate) (PNI) nanocomposites. TEM shows that the dispersibility of the inorganic filler is improved by covering the zirconia surface with carboxylic acid groups. These results are verified by SAXS. Rheological measurements reveal that the viscosities are increasing compared to pristine PNI at particle loads of 10 wt% (neat zirconia) and 5 wt% (phosphonic‐acid‐capped zirconia), respectively. magnified image
Genetic modifiers interact with maternal determinants in vascular development of Tgfb1-/- mice (2003)

The transforming growth factor beta signaling family is a key player in genetic and multifactorial diseases, including hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), cancer, atherosclerosis and immunomodulation. HHT types 1 and 2 are caused by loss of function mutations in ENG and ACVRL1; polymorphisms in TBRI and TGFB1 are also associated with altered risks for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. There is therefore much interest in identifying factors that influence transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) action in vivo. Here we identify a potent modifier locus, Tgfbkm2(129) (LOD=10.5, chromosome 1), that contributes over 90% of the genetic component determining survival to birth of Tgfb1(-/-) embryos in crosses between C57 and 129 mice, plus a suggestive modifier locus on chromosome 17 (LOD=3.7). Tgfb1(-/-) survival to birth (STB), in addition to dependence on embryonic Tgfbkm2 genotype, also depends on maternal effects. Fetal genotype and maternal factors interact to prevent Tgfb1(-/-) embryonic death due to defective yolk sac angiogenesis. C57 or C57/129.F1 mothers support high Tgfb1(-/-) STB rates, whereas 129 mothers do not. Strain differences in circulating maternal TGFbeta1 levels were excluded as the cause of this directional complementation. However, strong genetic support is provided for the involvement of maternal STB alleles of mitochondrial or imprinted genes that are only expressed when passed through the female lineage. Molecular identification of the functional gene(s) encoding Tgfbkm2 and its interacting maternal factors will be central to an understanding of the mode of action of TGFbeta1 in cardiovascular development.
Iron and infection: the heart of the matter (2004)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major threat to clinical medicine. However, natural resistance to bacterial infection, which does not depend on antibiotics, is a powerful protective mechanism common to all mankind. The availability of iron is the heart of the matter and the successful functioning of these antibacterial systems depends entirely upon an extremely low level of free ionic iron (10(-18) M) in normal tissue fluids. This in turn depends on well-oxygenated tissues where the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and pH control the binding of iron by unsaturated transferrin and lactoferrin. Bacterial virulence is greatly enhanced by freely available iron, such as that in fully-saturated transferrin or free haemoglobin. Following trauma a fall in tissue Eh and pH due to ischaemia, plus the reducing powers of bacteria, can make iron in transferrin freely available and abolish the bactericidal properties of tissue fluids with disastrous results for the host. Hyperbaric oxygen is a possible therapeutic measure that could restore normal bactericidal systems in infected tissues by raising the Eh and pH.
Task Scheduling for Satellite Based Imagery (1999)

Observation satellites have a limited window of opportunity for imaging or taking measurements of a given target area, dictated by orbit considerations. In low Earth orbit (typically 400 to 1200km altitude), a ground object will be in view for a few minutes at most. Depending on the mode of operation of the satellite, the data-taking window may range from a few minutes down to only a small fraction of a second. The scheduling problem then is one of achieving the maximum efficiency of use of a satellite. Traditionally, this has been achieved by teams of ground planners who write, check and recheck procedures.
The Directed Cleavage of Substituted 1-Phenylethylamines: A Novel Route to Enantiomerically Pure β-Amino Acid Esters and β-Lactams (1991)

An efficient novel access to enantiomerically pure ß-amino acid esters and ß-lactams (e.g., methyl (3S,4S)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl-4-methyl-2-oxoazetidine-3-carboxylate) from optically active 1-arylethylamines is described. Regiospecific cleavage is performed by Birch reduction and subsequent ozonolysis.
Multilayer Deposition of Stable Colloidal Particles during Flow within Cylindrical Pores (1998)

Multilayer deposition of stable colloidal particles during the low Reynolds number flow of aqueous suspensions of latex particles through cylindrical pores in track-etched membranes has been experimentally studied. Though multilayer deposition or the role of deposited particles as additional collectors has been recognized before this work, the reason multilayer deposition of particles occurs in the presence of strong interparticle repulsion and the interactions governing the transition from single layer to multilayer deposition have not been elucidated. Because sufficient repulsion exists between particles in a stable suspension to prevent their aggregation by Brownian flocculation, the deposition of particles on top of previously deposited particles to form multilayers is flow-induced. In this paper, we first show that only a single layer of particles will be deposited on the pore surface if strong repulsion exists between particles. We then demonstrate the transition from single layer to multilayer deposition at a sufficiently high flow rate when the interparticle repulsion is reduced by adding an electrolyte (but not exceeding the critical flocculation concentration). Under these conditions, the hydrodynamic force acting on a flowing particle in the vicinity of a deposited particle can overcome the net interparticle repulsion and multilayers of particles can accumulate within the pores. Approximate calculations of the trajectory of a flowing particle in the vicinity of a stationary particle that qualitatively demonstrate the flow-induced nature of the phenomenon are also presented.
Use Of Knowledge In Electro-Optical Trackers (1989)

A real-time electro-optic tracker is described, which uses knowledge about scene processes to resolve tracking problems involving obscuration, partial obscuration, target-like clutter or other targets in the field of view that may cause the tracker to break track. The tracker incorporates a scene model which combines extracted information from the sensor imagery with prior knowledge of scene formation processes and a dynamic model of object movement. The tracker maintains a tracking window large enough to allow measurement of (clutter) objects near the target so that if the target does indeed occlude or becomes occluded by the object, the scene model has the capability to resolve the conflict and maintain track on the designated target.
Time course of loss of adaptations after stopping prolonged intense endurance training (1984)

Seven endurance exercise-trained subjects were studied 12, 21, 56, and 84 days after cessation of training. Maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) declined 7% (P less than 0.05) during the first 21 days of inactivity and stabilized after 56 days at a level 16% (P less than 0.05) below the initial trained value. After 84 days of detraining the experimental subjects still had a higher VO2 max than did eight sedentary control subjects who had never trained (50.8 vs. 43.3 ml X kg-1 X min-1), due primarily to a larger arterial-mixed venous O2 (a-vO2) difference. Stroke volume (SV) during exercise was high initially and declined during the early detraining period to a level not different from control. Skeletal muscle capillarization did not decline with inactivity and remained 50% above (P less than 0.05) sedentary control. Citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in muscle declined with a half-time of 12 days and stabilized at levels 50% above sedentary control (P less than 0.05). The initial decline in VO2 max was related to a reduced SV and the later decline to a reduced a-vO2 difference. Muscle capillarization and oxidative enzyme activity remained above sedentary levels and this may help explain why a-vO2 difference and VO2 max after 84 days of detraining were still higher than in untrained subjects.
A carbon monoxide passive sampler: Research and development needs (1991)

In rare instances, carbon monoxide (CO) levels in houses can reach dangerously high concentrations, causing adverse health effects ranging from mild headaches to, under extreme conditions, death. Hundreds of fatal accidental carbon monoxide poisonings occur each year primarily due to the indoor operation of motor vehicles, the indoor use of charcoal for cooking, the operation of malfunctioning vented and unvented combustion appliances, and the misuse combustion appliances. Because there is a lack of simple, inexpensive, and accurate field sampling instrumentation, it is difficult for gas utilities and researchers to conduct field research studies designed to quantify the concentrations of CO in residences. Determining the concentration of CO in residences is the first step towards identifying the high risk appliances and high-CO environments which pose health risks. Thus, there exists an urgent need to develop and field-validate a CO-quantifying technique suitable for affordable field research. A CO passive sampler, if developed, could fulfill these requirements. Existing CO monitoring techniques are discussed as well as three potential CO-detection methods for use in a CO passive sampler. Laboratory and field research needed for the development and validation of an effective and cost-efficient CO passive sampler are also discussed.
Decreased Hypocretin-1 (Orexin-A) Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (2003)

A dysfunction of the hypothalamic hypocretin system may mediate sleepiness and abnormal Multiple Sleep Latency Test results in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1.
Secure and revocable node authentication in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2013)

In Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), node authentication is an inherent problem since nodes enter and leave the network freely. In wireless networks, the management of identities becomes important because of the propagation medium, where problems such as the loss of node's privacy, the disclosure of personal information, and particularly identity theft and impersonation should be avoided. This paper proposes a pseudonym-based identification scheme that assures security and revocation of identities protecting identity data through advanced cryptography. The presented scheme is based on the generation of a pseudonym formed by node's real identity and an identifier assigned by a trusted third party (Identity Management Server, IMS) after an identification process. The IMS helps to achieve the privacy desired by nodes and the traceability required by law enforcement.
A Novel Active Differential/Common-Mode Load for True Mixed-Mode Load-Pull Systems (2006)

A novel active load-pull system with differential and common-mode load tuning capability is presented in this paper. The system is able to measure and tune, without the limitations of passive systems, both differential and common-mode loads independently, and to monitor most of the interest performances, as differential and common-mode output power, in real-time. The novel system has proven to be a crucial tool for the characterization of active differential devices
Nano Thermal and Contact Potential Analysis with Heated Probe Tips (2007)

This work describes two closed-loop atomic force microscopy methods that utilize the heated silicon probe to interrogate surfaces. The first method identifies the softening temperatures of a selected polymer and organic substrate as a function of contact force and surface hardness. Motivation partly stems from nanosampling, which requires knowledge of phase-specific transitions to identify and extract mass from multicomponent systems for chemical analysis. In the second method, the cantilever is implemented as a Kelvin probe to study the effect of temperature on the measured contact potential. The objective is to ascertain whether the probe functions as a capable electrode for scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) applications. This was achieved by performing heated force-distance experiments on a biased gold film with the tip operating at various potentials. Both experiments examine the interaction between the tip and substrate and analyze sample effects both induced and sensed by the cantilever.
Accomplishments in 2007 in the management of curable metastatic colorectal cancer. (2008)

Overview of the Disease IncidencePrognosisCurrent Therapy Standards Colorectal Liver Metastases (CRLM) Resectable TumorsStrategies To Convert Nonresectable Liver Metastases to Resectable StatusSynchronous Colorectal Liver MetastasesPredictors of Survival After Resection of CRLMPeritoneal Carcinomatosis (PC) From Colorectal CancerColorectal Pulmonary Metastases (CRPM)Colorectal Liver Metastases With Extrahepatic DiseaseAccomplishments (or Lack of Accomplishments) During the Year Therapy New Staging SystemPreventive Measures for CRLMSystemic ChemotherapySelective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT)Proposed Definition of Cure From CRLMBasic ScienceWhat Needs To Be Done? Optimizing Patient CareControversies and DisagreementsFuture Directions Comments on ResearchObstacles to Progress.
Mobile Terminal Positioning via Power Delay Profile Fingerprinting: Reproducible Validation Simulations (2006)

Non-Line-of-Sight and multipath propagation conditions pose significant problems for most mobile terminal positioning approaches. In contrast, power delay profile fingerprinting (PDP-F) thrives on multipath propagation. This multipath extension of T(D)oA is based on matching an estimated power delay profile from one or several base stations (BSs) (or other transmitters (broadcast, ...)) with a memorized power delay profile map for a given cell. With a single BS, an absolute time reference is required as for ToA. With multiple BSs, that requirement can be dropped as in TDoA. We propose a validation of PDP-F via simulations that can easily be reproduced. The multicellular environment consists of a big box in which multipath arises by reflection off the six sides. The resulting PDP depends on the positions of BS and terminal, the attenuation mechanism and the reflection coefficients of the six sides. We also propose an extension of the PDP-F (PSDP-F) taking into account spatial information available with an multi-antenna reception. PSDP-F can be considered as a multipath extension of the combined T(D)oA and AoA methods, without explicit requirement for antenna array calibration.
A mobile app based smoking cessation assistance using automated detection of smoking activity (2018)

The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer is a serious threat to the society. Tobacco smoking is one of the most prevailing risk factors. Due to its addictiveness, it is often very difficult to quit. Abstinent smokers often start with a sudden craving for smoking which results in lapse and then permanent relapse. In this paper, we propose a sensor-based approach for automated recognition of smoking activity. That may be used for providing interventions in near real-time via mobile app to promote smoking cessation. A 6-axis inertial sensor along with a heart rate sensor is to be used to develop a wearable band which could be worn on the wrist. A pilot study is conducted with four participants. Their hand movement pattern is recorded for around 5 minutes for smoking and non-smoking intervals each, using a sensor based unit worn on the wrist. This period includes smoking and non-smoking intervals. Preliminary analysis of the data shows that there exists a periodicity in the data during the smoking episode. During non-smoking interval the sensor signals are random and does not exhibit such periodicity. Further data collection with more number of participants in different environments, data preprocessing, analysis, training, model generation, and testing is under progress. Preliminary results of this pilot study have been discussed.