gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of Ni-Fe films coupled with stripe-domain films (1968)

A study was made of the change in anisotropy field, coercivity, angular dispersion, and creep threshold of an ordinary Ni-Fe film when coupled with a stripe-domain film. It was found that the values of these properties all increased as a result of the coupling.
Salient Object Detection: A Discriminative Regional Feature Integration Approach (2013)

Salient object detection has been attracting a lot of interest, and recently various heuristic computational models have been designed. In this paper, we regard saliency map computation as a regression problem. Our method, which is based on multi-level image segmentation, uses the supervised learning approach to map the regional feature vector to a saliency score, and finally fuses the saliency scores across multiple levels, yielding the saliency map. The contributions lie in two-fold. One is that we show our approach, which integrates the regional contrast, regional property and regional background ness descriptors together to form the master saliency map, is able to produce superior saliency maps to existing algorithms most of which combine saliency maps heuristically computed from different types of features. The other is that we introduce a new regional feature vector, background ness, to characterize the background, which can be regarded as a counterpart of the objectness descriptor [2]. The performance evaluation on several popular benchmark data sets validates that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-arts.
SeaView Version 4: A Multiplatform Graphical User Interface for Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Tree Building (2009)

We present SeaView version 4, a multiplatform program designed to facilitate multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree building from molecular sequence data through the use of a graphical user interface. SeaView version 4 combines all the functions of the widely used programs SeaView (in its previous versions) and Phylo_win, and expands them by adding network access to sequence databases, alignment with arbitrary algorithm, maximum-likelihood tree building with PhyML, and display, printing, and copy-to-clipboard of rooted or unrooted, binary or multifurcating phylogenetic trees. In relation to the wide present offer of tools and algorithms for phylogenetic analyses, SeaView is especially useful for teaching and for occasional users of such software. SeaView is freely available at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/seaview.
Synthesis of gamma-L-glutaminyl-[3,5-3H]4-hydroxybenzene and the study of reactions catalyzed by the tyrosinase of Agaricus bisporus. (1979)

gamma-L-Glutaminyl-[3,5-3H]4-hydroxybenzene was synthesized in order to study the kinetics of its hydroxylation by tyrosinase purified from Agaricus bisporus and to explore its role in the induction of the dormant state in the spores of this species. It was found to be unique among the monophenolic substrates for tyrosinase in that the lag period for the hydroxylation reaction decreased with increasing substrate concentration. Unlike previously studied compounds, this phenol appeared to function as an electron donor, allowing it to act as its own co-substrate in the hydroxylation reaction. Its catechol product, gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene, was found to be a superior co-substrate, yielding its electrons more readily (oxidation peak potential +0.18 V as compared with +0.65 V for the phenol). In situ periodate oxidation of gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene to gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone confirmed the co-substrate role of the catechol in the hydroxylation reaction. The tyrosinase-mediated oxidation of gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene to gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone occurred with an apparent Km = 1.54 mM and Vmax = 0.36 mmol/min/mg of enzyme. gamma-L-Glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene acted as an inhibitor of the oxidation reaction.
Biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. (1997)

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by an increased frequency of activation of bone remodeling units and by a relative increase in bone resorption. Biochemical markers for bone turnover are simple noninvasive tools for evaluating these changes. Some are enzymes produced by osteoblasts or osteoclasts, whereas others are components of the bone matrix that are released in the bloodstream during bone formation or resorption. The most effective in osteoporosis are serum bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin for bone formation, and urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline for bone resorption. In addition to being sensitive, these markers have shown evidence in recent experimental studies of contributing usefully to the evaluation of the osteoporosis or fracture risk and to the monitoring of treatments for osteoporosis.
“Steak, Blé d’Inde, Patates”: Eating National Identity in Late Twentieth-Century Québec (2016)

This paper explores the connections between  pâte chinois  and Quebec national identity during the second half of the twentieth century. The respective French, British, and Native roots of the ingredients are highlighted and discussed, with a particular emphasis on socioeconomic and cultural terms that also extends to the analysis of the historical preparation of the layered meal, more akin to “daily survival” than to gastronomy. Special attention is also given to the significance of the dish’s origin myths, as well as to cultural references on a popular television series. Those origin myths are separated along the French/English divide, thus evoking the often-tempestuous relationship between these two languages and their speakers in Quebec. The progression of the discourse surrounding  pâte chinois , from a leftover dish prior to the rise of nationalism in the ’70s, to a media darling in the decade following the 1995 referendum, corresponds with efforts to define and then to redefine Quebecois identity. The history of the dish tells the tumultuous history of the people of Quebec, their quest for a unique identity, and the ambiguous relationship they have with language.  Pâte chinois  became a symbol, reminding French Canadians of Quebec daily of their Quebecois identity .
Advanced polymer PV system: PVMaT 4A1 annual report, September 1995--September 1996 (1997)

Purpose of this subcontract was to produce lower module and systems costs through the innovative use of polymeric materials. The Innovative Mounting System (IMS) was developed and testing begun during the first year of this contract. IMS reduces the cost of installed PV systems by reducing labor and materials costs both in the factory and in field installation. It incorporates several advances in polymers, processing methods and product design. An advanced backskin material permits elimination of the conventional Al perimeter frame by protecting and sealing the edge and by direct bonding of multifunctional mounting bars. Electrical interconnection is easier and more reliable with a new junction box. Feasibility of a non-vacuum, high-throughput lamination method was also demonstrated, involving a novel transparent encapsulant with UV stabilization package that can be laminated in air and which should lead to longer field life than conventional designs. The first-year program culminated in the fielding of prototype products with the new encapsulant, backskin, junction box, frameless edge seal, and IMS. Feedback and marketing information from potential customers were solicited. Result promises a $0.50/watt manufacturing and system cost reductions as well as increased system lifetime. The second year will complete refinement and test of the encapsulant and backskin, complete the new lamination method, and refine product designs.
Egg Case Silk Gene Sequences from<i>Argiope</i>Spiders: Evidence for Multiple Loci and a Loss of Function Between Paralogs (2018)

Spiders swath their eggs with silk to protect developing embryos and hatchlings. Egg case silks, like other fibrous spider silks, are primarily composed of proteins called spidroins (spidroin = spider-fibroin). Silks, and thus spidroins, are important throughout the lives of spiders, yet the evolution of spidroin genes has been relatively understudied. Spidroin genes are notoriously difficult to sequence because they are typically very long (≥ 10 kb of coding sequence) and highly repetitive. Here, we investigate the evolution of spider silk genes through long-read sequencing of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones. We demonstrate that the silver garden spider <i>Argiope argentata</i> has multiple egg case spidroin loci with a loss of function at one locus. We also use degenerate PCR primers to search the genomic DNA of congeneric species and find evidence for multiple egg case spidroin loci in other <i>Argiope</i> spiders. Comparative analyses show that these multiple loci are more similar at the nucleotide level within a species than between species. This pattern is consistent with concerted evolution homogenizing gene copies within a genome. More complicated explanations include convergent evolution or recent independent gene duplications within each species.
Micropower class AB voltage followers with simple quiescent current control (2012)

Five class AB CMOS voltage followers are described. They are modifications of the conventional super source follower, and allow improved dynamic performance, increased signal swing, accurate control of quiescent currents, and no penalty by the inclusion of class AB operation in terms of quiescent power consumption, circuit complexity or supply voltage requirements. Measurement results for a 0.5μm CMOS test chip prototype show a slew rate enhancement factor of about 20 as compared with the conventional super follower, for the same bias current and supply voltage.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1991)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Franz Joseph Haydn: a Guide to Research. By Floyd K. Grave Margaret K. Grave. pp. xi $ 451. ‘Garland Composer Resource Manuals’, xxxi. (Garland, New York & London, 1990, $55. ISBN 0-8240-8487-X.) A. PETER BROWN A. PETER BROWN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 72, Issue 4, November 1991, Pages 595–597, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/72.4.595 Published: 01 November 1991
Effect of IGF-I and PDGF administered in vivo on the expression of osteoblast-related genes in old rats (2002)

In order to establish the cellular basis for using growth factors as possible therapeutic agents for the age-dependent deficit in bone formation activity, we examined the individual and combined effects of IGF-I and/or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on the gene expression of osteoblast-related markers in male rats. The expression of osteoblast markers was examined in the femurs of adult and old rats following marrow ablation, which amplifies gene expression activity. The mRNA levels of collagen(alpha1) (I) (COLI), alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC) were significantly lower in the old as compared with the adult rats. To determine whether growth factors can abolish the age-related deficits in mRNA expression in old bone, PDGF and/or IGF-I were infused directly into the right femur for 5 days following marrow ablation. The contralateral femur was infused with vehicle only and used as a control. PDGF stimulated the expression of OP mRNA in both adult and old rats, whereas COLI, AP and OC mRNAs were not affected. IGF-I infusion did not have a significant effect on mRNA expression in adult rats. In contrast, treatment with IGF-I significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of COLI, AP and OP in old rats. To examine whether the combination of both factors could affect the expression of osteoblast markers synergistically, PDGF and IGF-I were infused together. In adult bones, the combined treatment with PDGF and IGF-I caused a slight increase in the level of OP gene expression but no change in AP, OC or COLI genes. Although neither IGF-I nor PDGF alone was effective in stimulating the expression of OC, the combined treatment in old bones enhanced OC expression significantly. The expression of COLI, AP and OP was also stimulated, but the stimulation was no different from that of IGF-I alone. In PDGF plus IGF-I treatment with a high dose, no dose-response effects were observed. Within the limits of the present study, it is suggested that IGF-I and, to a much lesser extent, PDGF may partially restore the deficit in the expression of osteoblast markers in old bones, and that the combination of both factors is slightly better than IGF-I alone in stimulating OC expression.
Information Sources of Large-Scale Farmers (1993)

F armers' demand for information has increased in recent years due to greater market instability, more complex production technologies, and greater need for financial planning and control.A variety of sources, including print and electronic media, Extension, consultants, and farm service firms are potential providers of information on production practices, marketing strategies, and financial analysis.The recent CHOICES article by Edwards and Petritz (First Quarter, '93) suggests that information needs differ by size of farm and that Extension must target its programs and delivery methods.This article reports on a survey of expenditures on and subjective ratings of various information sources used by large-scale cornbelt farmers.Eighty farmers from eight states participating in the 1991 Top Farmer Crop Workshop provided information.
Excitation of neurons in the medullary raphe increases gastric acid and pepsin production in cats (1991)

The nucleus raphe obscurus (NRO) has recently emerged as an important nucleus for excitation of gastric motor activity through projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) [P. J. Hornby, C. D. Rossiter, R. L. White, W. P. Norman, D. H. Kuhn, and R. A. Gillis. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 21): G91-G96, 1990; and M. J. McCann, G. E. Herman, and R. C. Rogers. Brain Res. 486: 181-184, 1989]. A neurotransmitter thought to be involved in this NRO-DMV pathway is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a peptide that excites gastric activity when microinjected into the DMV. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether gastric acid and pepsin secretion were altered by 1) activation of neurons in the NRO by microinjection of kainic cid and 2) microinjection of TRH into the DMV in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Microinjection of kainic acid into the NRO increased gastric acid secretion [baseline was 6 +/- 2 (mu eq) H+/15 min (n = 7) and increased to 8 +/- 2, 26 +/- 11 (P less than 0.05), and 21 +/- 7 mu eq/15 min (P less than 0.05) during the first, second, and third 15-min periods after microinjection, respectively]. Pepsin output also increased from a baseline of 287 +/- 67 pepsin units (PU) (n = 4) to 507 +/- 126 PU 15 min postinjection, 541 +/- 118 PU 30 min after injection (P less than 0.05), 608 +/- 92 PU 45 min after injection (P less than 0.05), and 700 +/- 156 PU 60 min postinjection (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Borchelate und Bormetallchelate, I. Borchelate mit Chelatbildnern der Pyridin‐ und Chinolin‐Reihe und ihren <i>N</i>‐Oxiden (1969)

Abstract Diphenylborchelate von Pyridin‐ und Chinolinderivaten [Pyridin‐carbonsäure‐(2) ( 1 ), Chinolin‐carbonsäure‐(2) ( 3 ) und 8‐Äthoxycarbonylamino‐chinolin ( 12 )] sowie von folgenden N ‐Oxiden der Pyridin‐ und Chinolinreihe konnten erhalten werden: Pyridin‐carbonsäure‐(2)‐ N ‐oxid ( 2 ), Chinolin‐carbonsäure‐(2)‐ N ‐oxid ( 4 ), 2‐Hydroxymethyl‐pyridin‐ N ‐oxid ( 6 ), 8‐Hydroxy‐chinolin‐ N ‐oxid ( 8 ), 8‐Äthoxycarbonylamino‐chinolin‐ N ‐oxid ( 13 ) sowie das Difluoroborchelat von 8‐Hydroxy‐chinolin‐ N ‐oxid ( 10 ). ‐ Die Umsetzung von 8‐Äthoxycarbonylamino‐chinolin‐ N ‐oxid mit BF 3 führte zum Addukt 14 .
On Efficiently Implementing SchemaSQL on an SQL Database System (1999)

SchemaSQL is a recently proposed extension to SQL for enabling multi-database interoperability. Several recently identified applications for SchemaSQL, however, mainly rely on its ability to treat data and schema labels in a uniform manner, and call for an efficient implementation of it on a single RDBMS. We first develop a logical algebra for SchemaSQL by combining classical relational algebra with four restructuring operators - unfold, fold, split, and unite - originally introduced in the context of the tabular data model by Gyssens et al. [GLS96], and suitably adapted to fit the needs of SchemaSQL. We give an algorithm for translating SchemaSQL queries/views involving restructuring, into the logical algebra above. We also provide physical algebraic operators which are useful for query optimization. Using the various operators as a vehicle, we give several alternate implementation strategies for SchemaSQL queries/views. All the proposed strategies can be implemented non-intrusively on top of existing relational DBMS, in that they do not require any additions to the existing set of plan operators. We conducted a series of performance experiments based on TPC-D benchmark data, using the IBM DB2 DBMS running on Windows/NT. In addition to showing the relative tradeoffs between Various alternate strategies, our experiments show the feasibility of implementing SchemaSQL on top of traditional RDBMS in a non-intrusive manner. Further more, they also suggest new plan operators which might profitably be added to the existing set available to relational query optimizers, to further boost their performance.
Are Sleep Studies Appropriately Done in the Home? (2010)

For many years the greatest barrier to the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was recognizing the disease. That obstacle is now fading as more physicians of all types are aware of the high prevalence of OSA and the consequences of untreated OSA. Sleep-laboratory polysomnography has long been considered the accepted standard for OSA diagnosis and has become a lucrative practice. This, unfortunately, has led to a concentration on diagnosis rather than on management of OSA. Although several brands of portable polysomnograph have been approved for home polysomnography, obstacles to reimbursement (primarily from government, but also from private payers) have prevented widespread home polysomnography. Over the last 2 decades many scientific studies have supported a strong correlation between the findings from home polysomnography and sleep-laboratory polysomnography. However, limited data are available from good outcomes-oriented studies, so controversy surrounds home polysomnography in the diagnosis of OSA. We review the evidence and debate whether sleep studies are appropriately done in the home.
Polyacrylate/nanosilica causes pleural and pericardial effusion, and pulmonary fibrosis and granuloma in rats similar to those observed in exposed workers (2016)

Nanomaterials offer great benefit as well as potential damage to humans. Workers exposed to polyacrylate coatings have pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and pulmonary fibrosis and granuloma, which are thought to be related to the high exposure to nanomaterials in the coatings. The study aimed to determine whether polyacrylate/silica nanoparticles cause similar toxicity in rats, as observed in exposed workers. Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with 18 rats in each group. The groups included the saline control group, another control group of polyacrylate only, and low-, intermediate-, and high-dose groups of polyacrylate/nanosilica with concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/kg. Seventy-five rats for the 1-week study were terminated for scheduled necropsy at 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days postintratracheal instillation. The remaining 15 rats (three males/group) had repeated ultrasound and chest computed tomography examinations in a 2-week study to observe the pleural and pericardial effusion and pulmonary toxicity. We found that polyacrylate/nanosilica resulted in pleural and pericardial effusions, where nanosilica was isolated and detected. Effusion occurred on day 3 and day 5 post-administration of nanocomposites in the 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg groups, it gradually rose to a maximum on days 7-10 and then slowly decreased and disappeared on day 14. With an increase in polyacrylate/nanosilica concentrations, pleural effusion increased, as shown by ultrasonographic qualitative observations. Pulmonary fibrosis and granuloma were also observed in the high-dose polyacrylate/nanosilica group. Our study shows that polyacrylate/nanosilica results in specific toxicity presenting as pleural and pericardial effusion, as well as pulmonary fibrosis and granuloma, which are almost identical to results in reported patients. These results indicate the urgent need and importance of nanosafety and awareness of toxicity of polyacrylate/nanosilica.
Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation using Attention-based Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of cardiac arrhythmia, is difficult since many cases of AF are usually clinically silent and undiagnosed. In particular paroxysmal AF is a form of AF that occurs occasionally, and has a higher probability of being undetected. In this work, we present an attention based deep learning framework for detection of paroxysmal AF episodes from a sequence of windows. Time-frequency representation of 30 seconds recording windows, over a 10 minute data segment, are fed sequentially into a deep convolutional neural network for image-based feature extraction, which are then presented to a bidirectional recurrent neural network with an attention layer for AF detection. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for transient AF detection, we use a database of 24 hour Holter Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings acquired from 2850 patients at the University of Virginia heart station. The algorithm achieves an AUC of 0.94 on the testing set, which exceeds the performance of baseline models. We also demonstrate the cross-domain generalizablity of the approach by adapting the learned model parameters from one recording modality (ECG) to another (photoplethysmogram) with improved AF detection performance. The proposed high accuracy, low false alarm algorithm for detecting paroxysmal AF has potential applications in long-term monitoring using wearable sensors.
Internet Search by Active Feedback (2007)

Modern search engines with arrays of parallel servers can provide efficient Web information retrieval. However, as the returned results are usually enormous mass, finding target information is still time-consuming. To increase the correctness of returned results, different page ranking methods have been introduced. They waited and passively weighted users’ feedback in page ranking to try to improve the precision of searching. Previous studies on Web information retrieval show that the average error ratios are over 20%. In this paper, we base on a heuristic from the librarian to present an interactive information retrieval technology called SAFE (Search with Active FEedback). SAFE uses the concept of balanced tree to provide users extra keywords for feedback. These keywords can guide users to have a proper feedback in further searching. The proposed method can help information retrieval applications (not only Web but also desktop) to speed their responses. Additionally, the same idea can be extended to assist search engines to balance their workloads among parallel and distributed servers.