gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization Kinetics of Pseudocrown Ether Network Formation for Facilitated Transport Membranes (1999)

Pseudocrown ethers were synthesized from the photopolymerization of metal complexes of poly(ethylene glycol 200) diacrylates (PEG200DA) to yield polymeric networks that can be used in facilitated transport membranes. Metal ions that potentially could be used as molecular templates were screened by first characterizing the polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of the metal salts. Thermal polymerizations and photopolymerizations were used to elucidate which metals adversely effect the polymerization reaction via radical scavenging, chain transfer, light absorption, and other side reactions. HEMA polymerizations were used to investigate these effects because only linear polymers can form, and there will be no rate effects from cyclization. Photopolymerizations of templated PEG200DA exhibited a decrease in autoacceleration as an indication of pseudocrown ether formation due to the reduction in the degree of cross-linking with cyclization. Four metal salts, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, were found to make suitable templating ions. Although Cu(NO3)2·(2.5)H2O and CrCl3·6H2O formed appropriate complexes with PEG200DA, these metals act as radical scavengers and did not permit the desired polymerization. The peak rate was decreased up to 69% for the partially dried Co(II)/PEG200DA complex at a metal concentration of 1.27 M. Facilitated transport membranes exhibited a selectivity of 1.3 for potassium over sodium and 27.5 for potassium over neodymium, and a benchmark comparison was made to an analogous polymer inclusion membrane that contained dibenzo-18-crown-6 as the carrier which had similar selectivities.
Determining detailed structural correspondence for generalization tasks (2007)

Generalization tasks are important for continual improvement to the design of an evolving code base, eliminating redundancy where it has accumulated. An important step in generalization is identifying the detailed structural correspondence between two pieces of code being considered for generalization. Unfortunately, tool support for this step is insufficient, leaving the developer to resort to tedious and error-prone manual determination of correspondence. This paper presents an approach for automatically determining correspondences as an early step in a generalization task. The approach is implemented in a proof-of-concept plug-in to the Eclipse integrated development environment. Two small empirical evaluations of the tool have been conducted: a comparison between human attempts to determine detailed correspondences and those of the tool; and, a comparison of the use of the tool to the use of diff/CCFinder in performing generalization tasks.
Compton scatter densitometry in cancellous bone (1979)

A single-source low-energy Compton densitometer has been used to investigate the effects of multiple scattering on density determinations. The relative electron density and mass density were determined in samples of known density, and in samples of human cancellous bone tissue. The influence of sample diameter on the measured relative electron density of known samples was investigated. The measured value was strongly dependent on the diameter and the density range of the sample. The bias inherent in the density determination which is attributable to multiple scattering and attenuation in human femoral bone was evaluated, and a correction for these effects is suggested for clinical measurements.
Recurrent Neural Network-Based Sentence Encoder with Gated Attention for Natural Language Inference (2017)

The RepEval 2017 Shared Task aims to evaluate natural language understanding models for sentence representation, in which a sentence is represented as a fixed-length vector with neural networks and the quality of the representation is tested with a natural language inference task. This paper describes our system (alpha) that is ranked among the top in the Shared Task, on both the in-domain test set (obtaining a 74.9% accuracy) and on the cross-domain test set (also attaining a 74.9% accuracy), demonstrating that the model generalizes well to the cross-domain data. Our model is equipped with intra-sentence gated-attention composition which helps achieve a better performance. In addition to submitting our model to the Shared Task, we have also tested it on the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset. We obtain an accuracy of 85.5%, which is the best reported result on SNLI when cross-sentence attention is not allowed, the same condition enforced in RepEval 2017.
Assessment of Fault Tolerance in Modular Multilevel Converters With Integrated Energy Storage (2015)

Energy storage (ES) integration into the grid is typically achieved using a two- or three-level dc/ac converter with ES interfaced directly to the inverter's dc link or through a dc/dc converter. In both cases, long-series connected strings of batteries are required to efficiently maintain the necessary dc-link voltage. Such configurations are susceptible to reliability issues, as shutdown of a battery string due to individual battery failure, overheating, or overcharging/discharging results in loss of a large fraction of ES capacity. To increase the reliability of an ES system, shorter strings of batteries are preferable. In this study, the ES is subdivided into many banks of short-series strings, which are integrated into the submodules of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). To further enhance the reliability, the MMC should also be unaffected by an ES bank shutdown. This paper investigates the robustness of the MMC to ES bank failure by assessing the power balance between submodules when a subset of ES banks is not operational. The analysis concludes that as many as 33% of ES banks may be shutdown without affecting MMC power exchange with the grid, and is supported with both simulation and experimental results.
Implementation of feature extraction based hand geometry in biometric identification system (2013)

Biometric identification system is one method that aims to identify a person's identity automatically based on biometric characteristic. Biometric characteristics may include iris, fingerprint, face, voice, or palm. Palm is one of the biometric characteristics that can be used to distinguish a person's identity, because everyone has different palm lines, shapes and sizes. Therefore, in recent years a lot of research done related to biometric identification system based on palm. One of the main problems in the biometric identification system based on the palm is how to extract features automatically without using special devices, because it is the core of biometric identification system. Several information that can be used as the based of this system are the geometry and the lines of the palm. In this study, the palms feature extraction based on it's geometry to find information will be examined, which includes finger width, finger length, palm width, and the ratio between the length of the middle finger, index finger and ring finger. By combining this information can be obtained a characteristic of palms that can be used to recognize a person. The accuracy obtained in this system is 88.4% using the 23 Characteristics of palm geometry without normalization and with 0.035 thresholds on 40 individuals. The characteristic that is used were the fingers length, finger width, and the width of the palm it self. In this experiment, the reduction of characteristics used has a great influent on the accuracy of the system. The test results showed the best accuracy at 35 individuals, with 90.05% accuracy.
1,2-Diazepines: a new vista in heterocyclic chemistry (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2-Diazepines: a new vista in heterocyclic chemistryVictor Snieckus and Jacques StreithCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 11, 348–355Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00071a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (965 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stimulated emission induced by two-photon absorption in GaAs quantum wells (1991)

We report evidence of stimulated emission induced by two-photon optical pumping in properly designated GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As multiple quantum wells. The two-photon absorption coefficient is measured in order to evaluate the electron-hole pair density photogenerated in the crystal around the stimulated emission threshold. The determined threshold electron-hole density of ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{p}}$=3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ is in good agreement with the value reported for one-photon excitation.
BI-10773, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2010)

BI-10773, being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim Corp, is a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibitor for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Preclinical and clinical research has demonstrated that inhibition of SGLT2, the major pathway of renal glucose reabsorption, leads to increased urinary glucose excretion with concomitant reductions in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, HbA1c levels and body mass. In phase I clinical trials in patients with T2DM, once-daily BI-10773 increased urinary glucose excretion resulting in dose-proportional reductions in fasting plasma glucose and mean daily glucose levels. BI-10773 was not associated with significant hypoglycemic episodes or other clinically important adverse events. Because of its mechanism of action, BI-10773 may be combined with other oral antidiabetic agents; indeed, the results of small trials suggested that coadministration of BI-10773 and metformin was safe and well tolerated. In animal studies, BI-10773 correlated with an increase in urinary volume and a reduction in body fat but not water content. This may represent an additional benefit of BI-10773 for the control of T2DM. At the time of publication, phase III clinical trials of BI-10773 were underway.
Chapter 6: Immunosuppression and Co-infection with HIV (2003)

Individuals with immunosuppression caused by HIV infection or organ transplantation are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anogenital cancers compared with age-matched healthy individuals. The exact role of immunosuppression in conferring increased risk is not known. Although it is unknown which stages of progression from dysplasia to cancer are most affected by immunosuppression, current data suggest that immunosuppression is most strongly associated with the early stages of dysplasia, and that progression to cancer per se is not associated with immunosuppression. Studies to determine this relationship in detail are hampered by the paucity of precise biomarkers of cell-mediated immune response to HPV. This chapter will address these and other issues to provide a better understanding of the biology of HPV infection among immunocompromised individuals. Questions remain about the biology of HPV infection among immunocompromised HIV-negative individuals (e.g., transplant patients) compared with those who are HIV-positive; the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the natural history of anogenital dysplasia and cancer among those who are HIV-positive, and whether the biology of specific HPV types is the same in HIV-positive as in HIV-negative individuals. Understanding HPV infection in those who are immunocompromised offers the potential to better understand its pathobiology in the putatively immunocompetent host.
Azobenzene Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polyesters with Outstanding Optical Storage Properties (1997)

A flexible azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline (SCLC) polyester architecture employed for re-versible optical storage is described. The modular design allows four structural parameters to be in-dividually modied. These parameters: i- the methylene side-chain spacer length, ii- the substituent on azobenzene, iii- the methylene main-chain segment length, and iv- the polyester molecular mass, all influence the optical storage properties. A general synthetic route to novel mesogenic azobenzene di-ols comprising parameters i and ii is outlined. Polyesters with molecular masses (parameter iv) up to 100,000 are routinely obtained by melt transesterication of the novel diols and selected diacid precursors (parameter iii). Prominent storage features include no prealignment of thin SCLC polyester lms prior to the writing process, and sensitivity in a broad laser wavelength window (415-532 nm). Additionally, information can be recorded either through polarization holography or as direct computer generated pat-tern (grey tones). Thus polarization holography results in high diraction eciency (&gt; 50%) and high storage density (&gt; 5000 lines/mm interference gratings) lasting presently well over 5 years without any sign of fatigue. The non-destructive read out is performed with red light (600-750 nm). Finally, erasing the information can be achieved by heating the polyester lm to 80C or irradiating it briefly with UV-light. In the latter case at least 10,000 write, read and erase cycles are possible. Atomic force and
HF Radio Mesh Networks (2006)

Wireless mesh networks provide robust connectivity among a number of nodes. The use of high-frequency radio links extends this concept beyond line of sight to provide potentially global coverage. In this paper, we explore the capabilities of HF radio mesh networks, and evaluate the performance of multi-hop beyond-line-of-sight networking in both local (NVIS and surface-wave) and long-haul applications. Two alternative channel access technologies are compared: automatic link establishment and fixed-frequency MAC protocols. The data handling capacity of HF radio mesh networks is computed as a function of the path length through the mesh network (a key metric in line-of-sight mesh networks) and as a function of number of nodes
Photoluminescence Up - conversion in GaAs / AlGaAs Heterostructures (2002)

Photoluminescence up-conversion in semiconductor heterostructures is a phenomenon in which luminescence occurs at energies higher than that of the excitation photons. It has been observed in many semiconductor heterostructure systems, including InP/AnALAs, CdTe/CdMgTe, GaAs/ordered-(Al)GaInP, GaAs/AlGaAs, and InAs/GaAs. In this work, GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures are used as a model system to study the mechanism of the up-conversion process. This system is ideal for testing different models because the band offsets are quite well documented. Different heterostructures are designed to study the effect of disorder on the up-converted luminescence efficiency. In order to study the roles of different types of carriers, the effect of doping was investigated. It was found that the up-converted luminescence is significantly enhanced by p-type doping of the higher-band-gap material.
Dispersion of bound electron nonlinear refraction in solids (1991)

A two-hand model is used to calculate the scaling and spectrum of the nondegenerate nonlinear absorption. From this, the bound electronic nonlinear refractive index n/sub 2/ is obtained using a Kramers-Kronig transformation. The authors include the effects of two-photon and Raman transitions and the AC Stark shift (virtual band blocking). The theoretical calculation for n/sub 2/ shows excellent agreement with measured values for a five-order-of-magnitude variation in the modulus of n/sub 2/ in semiconductors and wide-gap optical solids. Beam distortion methods were used to measure n/sub 2/ in semiconductors. The observations result in a comprehensive theory that allows a prediction of n/sub 2/ at wavelengths beneath the band edge, given only the bandgap energy and the linear index of refraction. Some consequences for all-optical switching are discussed, and a wavelength criterion for the observation of switching is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PWM inverter and motor applications: a quick reference of bibliographies and abstracts (1998)

The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a quick reference to some of the more recently published technical papers dealing with the application of PWM inverter-fed motor systems. It should be pointed out that the "system" includes all components between the incoming 60 Hz power supply and the driven equipment. There are literally hundreds of technical papers to choose from in preparing such a reference. The authors have selected the more recent publications. The technology associated with the newer PWM drives is changing so fast that many of the papers published from five to ten years ago may be effectively obsolete. No attempt has been made to evaluate the technical merits of each work, nor do the authors claim that the reference is even close to being all-inclusive. However, it is a start, and should help the reader in addressing some of the key issues that must be dealt with to assure a successful implementation. These papers are categorized as follows: (1) motor/drive system application issues; (2) dv/dt, reflected wave and lead length issues; and (3) motor issues.
High Density Peptide Microarrays for Proteome-Wide Fingerprinting of Kinase Activities in Cell Lysates (2010)

Protein function is highly regulated in pathways that are responsible for complex biochemical mechanisms such as growth, metabolism, and signal transduction. One of the most important mechanisms is posttranslational modification (PTM) changing protein surfaces by phosphorylation, sulfation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, and sumoylation resulting in a more than 100-fold higher complexity (Geiss-Friedlander and Melchior, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8, 947-956, 2007; Hunter, Mol Cell 28, 730-738, 2007). This chapter presents a very efficient way to detect potential phosphorylation sites in protein families using overlapping peptides covering the complete primary structures (peptide scans) immobilized on glass slides. Results of kinase activity fingerprinting of cell lysates using peptide microarrays displaying peptide scans through all human peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases are shown.
Ant algorithm-based task scheduling in grid computing (2004)

Resource management and task scheduling are very important and complex problems in grid computing environment. It is necessary to do resource state prediction to get proper task scheduling. Ant algorithm is a new heuristic algorithm. The inherent parallelism and scalability make the algorithm very suitable to be used in grid computing task scheduling whose structure is dynamic changed almost all the time. In this paper, we validate the scalability of ant algorithm, propose a simple grid simulation architecture for resource management and task scheduling, and design an ant algorithm for grid task scheduling. We put the algorithm into the simulation architecture, and get good results in respond time, resource average utilization, and task fulfill proportion.
Transient binding accounts for apparent violation of the generalized Stokes–Einstein relation in crowded protein solutions (2016)

The effect of high concentration, also referred to as crowding conditions, on Brownian motion is of central relevance for the understanding of the physical, chemical and biological properties of proteins in their native environment. Specifically, the simple inverse relationship between the translational diffusion coefficient and the macroscopic solution viscosity as predicted by the generalized Stokes-Einstein (GSE) relation has been the subject of many studies, yet a consensus on its applicability has not been reached. Here, we use isotope-filtered pulsed-field gradient NMR to separately assess the μm-scale diffusivity of two proteins, BSA and an SH3 domain, in mixtures as well as single-protein solutions, and demonstrate that transient binding can account for an apparent violation of the GSE relation. Whereas GSE behavior applies for the single-protein solutions, it does not hold for the protein mixtures. Transient binding behavior in the concentrated mixtures is evidenced by calorimetric experiments and by a significantly increased apparent activation energy of diffusion. In contrast, the temperature dependence of the viscosity, as well as of the diffusivity in single-component solutions, is always dominated by the flow activation energy of pure water. As a practically relevant second result, we further show that, for high protein concentrations, the diffusion of small molecules such as dioxane or water is not generally a suitable probe for the viscosity experienced by the diffusing proteins.
Pressure-Induced Polymerization of Carbon Monoxide:  Disproportionation and Synthesis of an Energetic Lactonic Polymer (2006)

We have studied pressure-induced chemical reactions in carbon monoxide using both a diamond anvil cell and a modified large volume press. Our spectroscopic data reveal that carbon monoxide disproportionates into molecular CO2 and a solid lactone-type polymer; photochemically above 3.2 GPa, thermochemically above 5 GPa at 300 K, or at 3 GPa and ∼2000 K as achieved by laser heating. The solid product can be recovered at ambient conditions with a high degree of conversion, measured to be up to 95% of the original CO. Its fundamental chemical structure includes β-lactone and conjugated CC, which can be considered a severely modified polymeric carbon suboxide with open ladders and smaller five-membered rings. The polymer is metastable at ambient conditions, spontaneously liberating CO2 gases exothermically. We find that the recovered polymer has a high energy density, 1−8 kJ/g, and is very combustible. We estimate the density of recovered CO polymer to be at least 1.65 g/cm3.
A Compact 600 GHz Electronically Tunable Vector Measurement System for Submillimeter Wave Imaging (2006)

A compact submillimeter wave transmission/reflection measurement system has been demonstrated at 560-635 GHz, with electronic tuning over the entire band. Maximum dynamic range measured at a single frequency is 90 dB (60 dB typical), and phase noise is less than +/- 2deg. By using a frequency steerable lens at the source output and mixer input, the frequency agility of the system can be used to scan the source and receive beams, resulting in near real-time imaging capability using only a single pixel