gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Phase Behavior of <i>n</i>-Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers Adsorbed on Au(111):  An Atomic Force Microscope Study (1997)

n-Alkanethiol (CnH2n+1SH) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed on Au(111) were studied with an atomic force microscope (AFM) to confirm the influence of the lateral interaction between adsorbed thiols on the film morphology. Two experiments were performed: firstly, a study of the domain formation at the initial stage of SAM growth (single component) and, secondly, investigations of the coadsorption phenomenon in mixed SAMs composed of two alkanethiols having different chain lengths. For the kinetics study, Au(111) was immersed into the 10-2 mM ethanol solutions with the single component alkanethiol (C4H9SH, C12H25SH, or C18H37SH), for varying times (1 s to 10 min). In all cases, the film coverage increased as the immersion time became longer, and finally the surface was totally covered with thiols after an immersion time of 3 min or more. Clear island formations were observed in the partially covered C12H25SH and C18H37SH SAMs, while C4H9SH formed meshlike domains. The mixed SAMs were prepared by immersing Au(111) into 1 mM ethanol solutions with mixed alkanethiols (C4H9SH/C18H37SH) of various compositions, Rsoln = [C4H9SH]/[C18H37SH] = 1/1 to 100/1, for a time of 1 h. Clear phase separation was observed at Rsoln = 20/1 and 40/1. Above or below these compositions, the film surface appeared very flat, covered with a nearly single component, C4H9SH or C18H37SH, respectively. This is the first systematic study of the surface phase behavior of alkanethiol SAMs by AFM imaging. It reveals more direct information about the film morphology than previous studies with conventional surface analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, contact angles, etc.
Involvement of decreased Galectin‐3 expression in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (2007)

The present investigation clearly indicates decreased expression of Gal-3 to be substantially involved in the pathogenesis and further progression of CaP from benign prostate glands to a finally hormone-refractory malignant disease.
Rapid and efficient detection of single chromophore molecules in aqueous solution (1995)

The first experiments on the detection of single fluorescent molecules in a flowing stream of an aqueous solution with high total efficiency are reported. A capillary injection system for sample delivery causes all the dye molecules to pass in a diffusion-broadened stream within a fast-moving sheath flow, through the center of the tightly focused laser excitation beam. Single-molecule detection with a transit time of ~1 ms is accomplished with a high-quantum-efficiency single-photon avalanche diode and a low dead-time time-gating circuit for discrimination of Raman-scattered light from the solvent.
Electrochromic Materials (1986)

Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical ...Read More
A pilot study on the effect of one room mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) units on house dust mite populations and Der p 1 levels in laboratory simulated bedrooms and on ambient conditions in an occupied bedroom in Cambridge, UK (1996)

A one room mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) unit was tested on experimental bedding for survival of house dust mites and Der p 1 allergen levels in simulated bedroom conditions (February‐April 1995). Its effectiveness was also tested in a real bedroom in daily use, during the mild and damp British winter from December 1994‐February 1995. Experimental beds were artificially contaminated with approximately 1000 mites and samples obtained, using sticky traps to collect mobile‐mites, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks incubation in ventilated and non‐ventilated rooms. A sample of the mite population was also taken from a single‐bed in daily use, before and after running the MVHR unit. Results were compared longitudinally as well as transversely with those from non‐ventilated rooms. The MVHR unit in the real bedroom was run at a trickle operation mode, approximately 0.75 air changes/h, but air exchange in the experimental bedroom was maintained at 3.5 air changes/h by operating at the boost level. Data on ambient temperature and relative humidity (Rh) were collected, rather than of the conventionally used absolute humidity, since mites are only sensitive to Rh at the respective temperature and not the absolute humidity of <7 g/kg described elsewhere. Mattress dust was collected at weeks, 1, 4 and 8 in the experimental rooms and Der p 1 level was quantitatively analysed using ELISA. Mean Rh in the laboratory MVHR room was <60% (50.5–58.7% at 15.5–18.8°C) for the first 2 weeks of running and <50% (40.5–48.5% at 17–17.5°C) during the rest of the study; whereas, it was 65.5–90% at 15.7–20°C in the non ventilated experimental room. The mean ambient temperature of the MVHR room was 1.35 ± 0.6°C less than that of the non‐ventilated room (p<0.001). Mite counts were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the mattresses of MVHR room at week 4 (100% reduction) and at week 8 (99.9% reduction). The same trend was also observed in the single bed in use. Der p 1 levels of both laboratory rooms were reduced at week 8 possibly as a result of earlier sampling. However, longitudinal comparison of Der p 1 levels showed significant reductions at week 8 (p<0.05) but not at week 4 in mattresses in the MVHR room. This was not observed in the mattresses in the non‐ventilated room and, therefore, passive reduction of Der p 1 level was assumed due to a lower mite population and lower intake of food with resultant reduction of faecal accumulation because mites were exposed to lower Rh than the critical equilibrium humidity. We propose a mean target level of ambient Rh <50% at 15–19°C to eliminate mites in bedding, with regular airing during unoccupied periods, for at least 8 weeks. Episodes of higher Rh may trigger dormant protonymphs to develop further but these can be killed if subsequently exposed to low Rh.
Fused-silica monolithic total-internal-reflection resonator (1992)

We have characterized a miniature fused-silica monolithic optical ring resonator in which the Gaussian mode is confined by total internal reflection. Laser light is coupled into and out of the resonator by frustrating one of the total internal reflections by means of a prism. The resonator can be overcoupled and undercoupled by varying the resonator–prism distance. The minimum measured resonator linewidth was less than 3 MHz. This type of broadband, stable, low-loss resonator has applications in linear and nonlinear optics.
Letters. Carbon monoxide hazards (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLetters. Carbon monoxide hazardsFrancis SilverCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1969, 3, 10, 876Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online7 December 2004Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60033a601https://doi.org/10.1021/es60033a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
연구논문 / 하수 재이용 ( 중수도 ) 을 위한 한외여과 공정에서 역세척 운전인자의 특성 (1998)

To prevent membrane fouling, backwashing with permeate was applied to ultrafiltration process for wastewater reclamation. This study investigated the effect of backwashing factors such as the interval and duration, and proposed their adequate selection method for design. Backwashing with permeate was found to reduce membrane fouling significantly. Permeate flux decreased as backwashing interval increased. Since the degree of permeability recovery by physical washing (surface washing) reached its minimum value at the 30 minutes of backwashing interval (and didn`t change at longer intervals), it was concluded that the interval should be maintained less than 30 minutes. Permeate flux and permeability recovered by physical washing increased as backwashing duration increased. In the comparison of two backwashing conditions, decreasing backwashing interval was more efficient in enhancing permeability than increasing backwashing duration.
Influence of polarization and a source model for dose calculation in MRT (2014)

The source for the first clinical pet trials in MRT is characterized with respect to its phase space and the photon polarization. The results suggest the use of a presented simplified phase space model in dose calculations and hence pave the way for alternative and fast dose calculation algorithms. They also show that the polarization is of minor importance for the clinical important peak and valley doses inside the microbeam field.
A Method for Accurate Modeling of BAW Filters at High Power Levels (2016)

A novel approach for multiphysics modeling of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters is presented allowing accurate and at the same time efficient modeling of BAW filters at high power levels. The approach takes the different types of losses and their spatial distribution into account in order to provide the required input for thermal simulation. The temperature distribution determined by thermal simulation is used to modify the geometry and the layer stack of each single resonator of the filter. In this way, the required input for modeling of electromagnetic (EM) and acoustic behavior at high power level is generated. The high accuracy of the modeling approach is verified by the measurements of the S-parameters and the temperature distribution by infrared thermography during high-power loads. Moreover, the influence of the nonlinear behavior on the frequency shift of the resonance frequency is investigated. For this purpose, a parameterized nonlinear Mason model has been combined with a 3-D EM finite-element method and the required nonlinear material parameters were determined by fitting simulation results to the measured polyharmonic distortion model (X-parameters) of a BAW resonator.
Porphyrin electrode films prepared by electrooxidation of metalloprotoporphyrins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPorphyrin electrode films prepared by electrooxidation of metalloprotoporphyrinsK. A. Macor and T. G. SpiroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 17, 5601–5607Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00355a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00355a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methods for measurement of gastric motility (2009)

There is an array of tests available to measure gastric motility. Some tests measure end points, such as gastric emptying, that result from several different functions, whereas other tests are more specific and test only a single parameter, such as contractility. This article reviews the tests most commonly available in practice and research to evaluate in vivo the gastric functions of emptying, accommodation, contractility, and myoelectrical activity. The rationale for testing, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each test, and technical details are summarized. We also briefly indicate the applications and validations of the tests for use in experimental animal studies.
Comparative Analysis of the Spectrum Sensing Techniques Energy Detection and Cyclostationary Feature Detection (2014)

cognitive radio is the solution for effectively utilizing the underutilized radio spectrum. There are many techniques to sense spectrum using cognitive radios like matched filter detection, energy detection, waveform based detection, cyclostationary feature detection and so on. In this paper comparative analysis of two popular techniques i.e. energy detection (ED) and cyclostationary feature detection (CFD) is discussed. Analysis is carried out by discussing the theoretical aspect of both the techniques supported by simulation graphs and plots. This analysis shows that among the two techniques discussed CFD shows better results.
Invalid-curve attacks on (hyper)elliptic curve cryptosystems (2010)

We extend the notion of an invalid-curve attack from elliptic curvesto genus 2 hyperelliptic curves. We also show that invalid singular (hyper)ellipticcurves can be used in mounting invalid-curve attacks on (hyper)elliptic curvecryptosystems, and make quantitative estimates of the practicality of theseattacks. We thereby show that proper key validation is necessary even in cryptosystemsbased on hyperelliptic curves. As a byproduct, we enumerate theisomorphism classes of genus g hyperelliptic curves over a finite field by a newcounting argument that is simpler than the previous methods.
Enzymatic Polymerization of Tyrosine Derivatives. Peroxidase- and Protease-Catalyzed Synthesis of Poly(tyrosine)s with Different Structures (2002)

Polymerization of tyrosine derivatives has been carried out by using two enzymes, peroxidase and protease, as catalyst to give poly(tyrosine)s with different structures. Tyrosine ester hydrochlorides were oxidatively polymerized by a peroxidase in a buffer. Using a high buffer concentration produced the polymer in good yields. The resulting polymer was soluble in N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and methanol but was insoluble in acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and water. The ester moiety of the polymer was subjected to the alkaline hydrolysis, yielding a water-soluble polymer having the amino acid group in the side chain. The peroxidase also catalyzed the oxidative polymerization of N-acetyltyrosine to give the polymer soluble in water. The polymerization of tyrosine ester hydrochlorides proceeded in the presence of papain catalyst to give a polymer of alpha-peptide structure. The polymerization in the buffer of high phosphate concentration efficiently produced the polymer. On the other hand, the polymer formation was not observed in the low buffer concentration. The molecular weight was several thousands and almost constant during the reaction. The morphology of the precipitated polymer was examined. The product of the initial reaction stage was amorphous. After 24 h, the precipitates exhibiting clear birefringence were formed. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the polymer after 72 h showed the formation of a globular crystal in a diameter larger than 50 microm, which was not found by recrystallization of poly(tyrosine).
Characterization of a Shiga Toxin-Encoding Temperate Bacteriophage of <i>Shigella sonnei</i> (2001)

A Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei strain CB7888 was investigated for its morphology, DNA similarity, host range, and lysogenization in Shigella and Escherichia coli strains. Phage 7888 formed plaques on a broad spectrum of Shigella strains belonging to different species and serotypes, including Stx-producing Shigella dysenteriae type 1. With E. coli, only strains with rough lipopolysaccharide were sensitive to this phage. The phage integrated into the genome of nontoxigenic S. sonnei and laboratory E. coli K-12 strains, which became Stx positive upon lysogenization. Moreover, phage 7888 is capable of transducing chromosomal genes in E. coli K-12. The relationships of phage 7888 with the E. coli Stx1-producing phage H-19B and the E. coli Stx2-producing phage 933W were investigated by DNA cross-hybridization of phage genomes and by nucleotide sequencing of an 8,053-bp DNA region of the phage 7888 genome flanking the stx genes. By these methods, a high similarity was found between phages 7888 and 933W. Much less similarity was found between phages H-19B and 7888. As in the other Stx phages, a regulatory region involved in Q-dependent expression is found upstream of stxA and stxB (stx gene) in phage 7888. The morphology of phage 7888 was similar to that of phage 933W, which shows a hexagonal head and a short tail. Our findings demonstrate that stx genes are naturally transferable and are expressed in strains of S. sonnei, which points to the continuous evolution of human-pathogenic Shigella by horizontal gene transfer.
Combretastatin A4 Phosphate Has Primary Antineoplastic Activity Against Human Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines and Xenograft Tumors (2002)

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a fatal malignancy the clinical outcome of which is unaltered by current therapeutic modalities. A recent phase 1 clinical trial of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) produced a long-lasting total remission in a patient with ATC. CA4P is a tubulin-binding agent derived from the African bush willow, Combretum caffrum, which possesses tumor vascular-targeting activity. In order to discriminate primary antineoplastic effects from tumor antivascular activity, we evaluated CA4P cytotoxicity in eight human ATC cell lines and compared it to paclitaxel, another tubulin-binding agent with significant clinical activity. CA4P displayed significant cytotoxicity against the ATC cell lines, comparable to that of paclitaxel, and these effects were longer lasting in two cell lines compared to the duration of paclitaxel. We further investigated the effects of CA4P on xenograft tumors from four ATC cell lines injected in athymic nude mice. Significantly lower tumor weights were observed in animals treated with CA4P compared to those treated with vehicle alone. Continuous monitoring of xenograft tumor volumes from one of the ATC cell lines also revealed a significantly lower rate of tumor growth in the CA4P-treated mice compared to those receiving vehicle alone. These results suggest that antitumoral effects of CA4P can be consequent to a combination of primary antineoplastic effects as well as the potential destruction of tumor vasculature.
MassStore: A low bandwidth, high De-duplication efficiency network backup system (2012)

De-duplication technology has been widely used in disk-based backup system in order to save disk space and reduce backup traffic through internet. But unfortunately De-duplication based backup system often has metadata indexing bottleneck that greatly reduces the backup efficiency and throughput. Existing approaches usually take advantage of backup data flow's similarity or locality to accelerate metadata indexing. In this paper, we design and implement MassStore, a de-duplication based network backup system which use a two-stage locality sensitive hash algorithm, that combines backup data flow's data similarity within data flow's chunk set and the locality between different chunk sets, to accelerate metadata indexing so as to improve de-duplication efficiency. The experimental results using real word data sets shows that our MassStore not only saved the backup storage by average of 88.5%, but also reduced the network bandwidth and RAM usage.
Achieving better connections between deposited lines in additive manufacturing via machine learning (2020)

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular because of its unique advantages, especially fused deposition modelling (FDM) which has been widely used due to its simplicity and comparatively low price. All the process parameters of FDM can be changed to achieve different goals. For example, lower print speed may lead to higher strength of the fabricated parts. While changing these parameters (e.g. print speed, layer height, filament extrusion speed and path distance in a layer), the connection between paths (lines) in a layer will be changed. To achieve the best connection among paths in a real printing process, how these parameters may result in what kind of connection should be studied. In this paper, a machine learning (deep neural network) model is proposed to predict the connection between paths in different process parameters. Four hundred experiments were conducted on an FDM machine to obtain the corresponding connection status data. Among them, there are 280 groups of data that were used to train the machine learning model, while the rest 120 groups of data were used for testing. The results show that this machine learning model can predict the connection status with the accuracy of around 83%. In the future, this model can be used to select the best process parameters in additive manufacturing processes with corresponding objectives.
High pressure, high temperature electrochemical synthesis of metal–organic frameworks: films of MIL-100 (Fe) and HKUST-1 in different morphologies (2013)

Thanks to a new high temperature electrodeposition setup, MIL-100(Fe) is synthesized and deposited electrochemically for the first time. In comparison to other methods commonly used to produce this MOF, the reported synthesis allows formation of layers, and it takes place under milder conditions. The layers have been tested for anti-fouling, gas adsorption and vapor separation. With the same setup Cu–BTC MOF HKUST-1 has been deposited at different temperatures obtaining different morphologies.
Rapid detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid by immunofluorescence staining on membrane filters (1990)

A filter-fluorescent-antibody (FFA) staining procedure was developed for detection of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The sensitivity of this procedure was determined and compared with that of the slide Gram stain of centrifuged samples, latex agglutination, and a previously developed filter Gram stain. Serial 10-fold dilutions of filter-sterilized CSF seeded with logarithmic-phase organisms were examined by each method and cultured to determine colony-forming bacteria. The bacteria included Haemophilus influenzae type b; Neisseria meningitidis group B, C, and W135; Streptococcus pneumoniae types 6A and 23F; and group B Streptococcus species. FFA was found to be equal in sensitivity to the filter Gram stain (P greater than 0.30). Both filter-staining procedures had greater sensitivity than the slide Gram stain of centrifuged sediment (P less than 0.02) and latex agglutination (P less than 0.0001). Addition of human leukocytes at a concentration of 5 to 10 cells per oil immersion field did not decrease sensitivity of the FFA procedure, although background fluorescence increased. FFA is a rapid and dependable procedure for detection of low numbers of bacteria in CSF. Evaluation of FFA with clinical specimens is needed.