gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New chemotherapy options for the treatment of malignant gliomas (2007)

This review focuses on the recent advances in chemotherapy of malignant gliomas, with special emphasis on the most common primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma. The demonstration of the superiority of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide with standard radiotherapy over radiotherapy alone in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas by means of phase III international trial has been the major advance in the care of these patients so far. Moreover, patients whose tumors display the hypermethylation of the promoter of the gene for the repairing enzyme O-methylguanine-DMA methyltransferase are most likely to benefit from the combination regimen. The advantage of a postsurgical local administration of carmustine by slow-release polymers ('gliadel wafers') is more modest, and the efficacy and safety of a sequence of carmustine wafers followed by temozolomide combined with radiotherapy remain to be defined. Different DNA repair modulation strategies are being investigated to further improve the results: dose-dense regimens of temozolomide, combination of temozolomide with specific inhibitors of O-methylguanine-DMA methyltransferase and combination of temozolomide with specific inhibitors of base excision repair [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors]. Other developments include the combination of cytotoxic, cytostatic and targeted therapies. Multitargeted compounds that simultaneously affect multiple signaling pathways, such as those involving epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, are increasingly employed. In the future, innovative trial designs (factorial and adaptative designs), pretreatment molecular profiling of individual tumors and the adoption of biological end-points (changes in serum tumor markers, measures of target inhibition), in addition to the traditional clinical and radiographic end-points, will be needed to achieve further advances.
The Palladium-Catalyzed Enyne Cycloisomerization Reaction in a General Approach to the Asymmetric Syntheses of the Picrotoxane Sesquiterpenes. Part I. First-Generation Total Synthesis of Corianin and Formal Syntheses of Picrotoxinin and Picrotin (1999)

The palladium-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization is used as a key ring-forming process for the obtention of the cis-fused hydrindane carbon skeleton characteristic of the picrotoxanes sesquiterpenes. The enyne cycloisomerization product is suitably functionalized so that each carbon of the hydrindane core can be modified to permit access to many members of the picrotoxane family, not only to picrotoxinin itself. Part I of this report describes our first-generation approach to the picrotoxane sesquiterpenes as illustrated by the asymmetric synthesis of corianin and the asymmetric formal syntheses of picrotoxinin and picrotin. A new catalyst system to effect the cycloisomerization emerged from this study. Subsequent work proved the generality of this catalyst system.
SetRank: Learning a Permutation-Invariant Ranking Model for Information Retrieval (2019)

In learning-to-rank for information retrieval, a ranking model is automatically learned from the data and then utilized to rank the sets of retrieved documents. Therefore, an ideal ranking model would be a mapping from a document set to a permutation on the set, and should satisfy two critical requirements: (1)~it should have the ability to model cross-document interactions so as to capture local context information in a query; (2)~it should be permutation-invariant, which means that any permutation of the inputted documents would not change the output ranking. Previous studies on learning-to-rank either design uni-variate scoring functions that score each document separately, and thus failed to model the cross-document interactions; or construct multivariate scoring functions that score documents sequentially, which inevitably sacrifice the permutation invariance requirement. In this paper, we propose a neural learning-to-rank model called SetRank which directly learns a permutation-invariant ranking model defined on document sets of any size. SetRank employs a stack of (induced) multi-head self attention blocks as its key component for learning the embeddings for all of the retrieved documents jointly. The self-attention mechanism not only helps SetRank to capture the local context information from cross-document interactions, but also to learn permutation-equivariant representations for the inputted documents, which therefore achieving a permutation-invariant ranking model. Experimental results on three large scale benchmarks showed that the SetRank significantly outperformed the baselines include the traditional learning-to-rank models and state-of-the-art Neural IR models.
Fiber Formation during Melt Blowing (2003)

Experimental measurements are presented to provide phenomenological insight into the commercial melt blowing process. In particular, we discuss the following experimental measurements obtained at various die-collector locations: fiber diameter, fiber velocity, air velocity, fiber acceleration, fiber entanglement, fiber temperature, birefringence, wide-angle x-ray diffraction and small-angle x-ray scattering. Our discussion focuses on how these measurements provide insight into fiber formation during melt blowing.
Whole chromosomal DNA probes for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex (1987)

Whole chromosomal DNA probes were used to identify clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium gordonae. The probe for M. tuberculosis was prepared from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, which has been shown to be closely related to M. tuberculosis. A probe for the M. avium complex was prepared from three strains representing each of the three DNA homology groups in the M. avium complex. The probes were used in dot blot assays to identify clinical isolates of mycobacteria. The dot blot test correctly identified 57 of the 61 (93%) cultures grown on solid media, and 100% of antibiotic-treated broth-grown cells were correctly identified. Identification by dot blot required a maximum of 48 h. When the probes were tested against 63 positive BACTEC (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) cultures of clinical specimens, 59% were correctly identified. However, of the 14 BACTEC cultures that had been treated with antibiotics before being lysed, 13 (93%) were correctly identified.
[Myelotoxic action of the new antitumor preparation spirobramin]. (1983)

Experiments on 110 white noninbred tumor-free rats were made to explore the myelotoxic action of a new antineoplastic drug spirobramine. A single (200 mg/kg) intravenous injection and a course of drug treatment (40 mg/kg 5 times every other day) produced monotypic changes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow hemopoiesis, primarily marked by inhibition of erythroid, eosinophilic and thrombocytic myeloid fibers followed by the development of moderate anemia, thrombocytopenia and aneosinophilia in the peripheral blood. A single injection of spirabramine in an MTD produced more pronounced changes in the blood than injection of the drug in divided doses.
Brand building in the 1990s (1991)

Claims that the time has come to consider how to apply marketing principles and practices in an increasingly competitive and rapidly changing environment. Argues that as it becomes increasingly difficult to sustain a comparative advantage over competitors it will become increasingly important to position organizations as “brands” in the minds of actual and potential customers. Examines the nature of brand building and methods for building company brand and concludes that brand building provides the organization with limitless possibilities for growth.
Exploitation of CH4 Hydrates under the Nankai Trough in Combination with CO2 Storage. (1994)

最近天然ガスをめぐる議論が活発に行われるようになってきた.天然ガスはエネルギー供給源として息が長いだけではなく, 比較的クリーンな点が注目される要因のひとつである.とりわけH2OのCH4との包接化合物であるCH4 hydrateは, 非在来型天然ガス資源として開発の期待が高い.本研究では, 最近その存在が明らかにされた四国沖南海トラフ海底のCH4 hydrate fieldに限定し, CH4の採掘と同時にCO2流体貯蔵-エネルギー資源問題と地球温暖化問題とのリンケージーの可能性について, 熱力学的物性の側面から検討する.
Inhibition of Pollen Tube Elongation by Microinjected Anti-Rop1Ps Antibodies Suggests a Crucial Role for Rho-Type GTPases in the Control of Tip Growth (1997)

Yakang Lin, Zhenbiao Yang, Inhibition of Pollen Tube Elongation by Microinjected Anti-Rop1Ps Antibodies Suggests a Crucial Role for Rho-Type GTPases in the Control of Tip Growth, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 9 (Sep., 1997), pp. 1647-1659
Rapid Detection of Hypervirulent Serovar 4h Listeria monocytogenes by Multiplex PCR (2020)

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>L. monocytogenes</i>) is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that comprises 14 serotypes, of which serovar 4h is a novel serotype recently reported. Serovar 4h <i>L. monocytogenes</i> belonging to hybrid sub-lineage II exhibit hypervirulent features. Conventional biochemical tests and widely used PCR-based serogrouping schemes could not distinguish serovar 4h strains. In this study, we developed a new multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection of serotype 4h <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. Three primer pairs based on the target genes, LMxysn_1095, <i>lmo1083</i>, and <i>smcL</i>, were designed. The multiplex PCR results showed that serovar 4h strains could be specifically identified from all tested strains, including various <i>L. monocytogenes</i> serovars, <i>Listeria</i> spp., and other species. The detection limits of the multiplex PCR were 291 fg/μL for genomic DNA and 5.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL for bacterial suspension. Furthermore, pork meat artificially contaminated with serovar 4h <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in a concentration of 1.8 × 10<sup>3</sup>-1.8 × 10<sup>0</sup> CFU/10 g were successfully detected within 10-16 h. These results demonstrate that the multiplex PCR with high specificity and sensitivity is applicable for the rapid detection of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> serotype 4h strains.
The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (2012)

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive tauopathy that occurs as a consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. We analysed post-mortem brains obtained from a cohort of 85 subjects with histories of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in 68 subjects: all males, ranging in age from 17 to 98 years (mean 59.5 years), including 64 athletes, 21 military veterans (86% of whom were also athletes) and one individual who engaged in self-injurious head banging behaviour. Eighteen age- and gender-matched individuals without a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury served as control subjects. In chronic traumatic encephalopathy, the spectrum of hyperphosphorylated tau pathology ranged in severity from focal perivascular epicentres of neurofibrillary tangles in the frontal neocortex to severe tauopathy affecting widespread brain regions, including the medial temporal lobe, thereby allowing a progressive staging of pathology from stages I-IV. Multifocal axonal varicosities and axonal loss were found in deep cortex and subcortical white matter at all stages of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 immunoreactive inclusions and neurites were also found in 85% of cases, ranging from focal pathology in stages I-III to widespread inclusions and neurites in stage IV. Symptoms in stage I chronic traumatic encephalopathy included headache and loss of attention and concentration. Additional symptoms in stage II included depression, explosivity and short-term memory loss. In stage III, executive dysfunction and cognitive impairment were found, and in stage IV, dementia, word-finding difficulty and aggression were characteristic. Data on athletic exposure were available for 34 American football players; the stage of chronic traumatic encephalopathy correlated with increased duration of football play, survival after football and age at death. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy was the sole diagnosis in 43 cases (63%); eight were also diagnosed with motor neuron disease (12%), seven with Alzheimer's disease (11%), 11 with Lewy body disease (16%) and four with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (6%). There is an ordered and predictable progression of hyperphosphorylated tau abnormalities through the nervous system in chronic traumatic encephalopathy that occurs in conjunction with widespread axonal disruption and loss. The frequent association of chronic traumatic encephalopathy with other neurodegenerative disorders suggests that repetitive brain trauma and hyperphosphorylated tau protein deposition promote the accumulation of other abnormally aggregated proteins including TAR DNA-binding protein 43, amyloid beta protein and alpha-synuclein.
Closing Cycles with <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Ziegler−Natta Polymerization Catalysts (2005)

In the presence of rac-[CH2(3-tert-butyl-1-indenyl)2]ZrCl2 (1) activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) 1,4-pentadiene (1,4-PD), if copolymerized with ethene (E), gives unprecedented formation of methylene-1,3-cyclobutane units and a large amount of cross-links. Instead, in the presence of the same catalytic system, copolymerization of ethene with 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) or with 1,5-hexadiene (1,5-HD) gives exclusively a cyclization reaction, producing cyclopropane and cyclopentane units. The experimental results were rationalized by a theoretical approach, comparing the minimum energy pathways for the ring formation, after a diene insertion, with the competing ethene insertion reaction.
In defense of cell volume? (1993)

Most cells react vigorously to perturbations in their fluid volume. Although the responses themselves have been well described, little is known about how the volume stimulus is detected and transduced. The relevance of volume-activated phenomena in vitro to volume homeostasis in vivo is not clear. It can be debated whether cells are truly responding to changes in their volume. Perhaps they are reacting to changes in the concentration of a cytoplasmic constituent. This review calls attention to recent literature bearing on these subjects and concludes that, in most cases, cells are not defending their volume but their concentration of cytosolic macromolecules.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen concentrations in gastroduodenal disease. (1996)

A positive ELISA reaction for antibodies and an increased serum PG2 concentration are reliable indicators of H pylori infection.
Dopant-induced ablation of polymers by a 308 nm excimer laser (1988)

Photoablation of polymers by laser beams is a practical process for via holes preparation in polymeric insulators. Excimer laser photochemistry of polymers is actively considered for microlithography. The ablation rate is dependent on the absorption coefficient. By addition of a dopant, photoetching rates of polymers can be increased significantly. In the present study the photoetching rates of poly(dimethyl glutarimide) and chlorinated poly(methylstyrene) are studied with pyrene as a dopant with 308 nm of XeCl excimer laser.
Community-Based Social Economy ans Socio-Political Development (2014)

unibz-area: Socio cultural worlds: institutions, welfare, social professions, environment and population
The Transcriptional Repressor hDaxx Potentiates p53-dependent Apoptosis (2004)

p53 and its homologues p73 and p63 are transcription factors that play an essential role in modulating cell cycle arrest and cell death in response to several environmental stresses. The type and intensity of these responses, which can be different depending on the inducing stimulus and on the overall cellular context, are believed to rely on the activation of defined subsets of target genes. The proper activation of p53 family members requires the coordinated action of post-translational modifications and interaction with several cofactors. In this study, we demonstrate that the multifunctional protein hDaxx interacts with p53 and its homologues, both in vitro and in vivo, and modulates their transcriptional activity. Moreover, we show that hDaxx, which has been implicated in several apoptotic pathways, increases the sensitivity to DNA damage-induced cell death and that this effect requires the presence of p53. Although hDaxx represses p53-dependent transcription of the p21 gene, it does not affect the activation of proapoptotic genes, and therefore acts by influencing the balance between cell cycle arrest and proapoptotic p53 targets. Our results therefore underline the central role of hDaxx in modulating the apoptotic threshold upon several stimuli and identify it as a possible integrating factor that coordinates the response of p53 family members.
Highly reflective low resistance Ag-based Ohmic contacts on p-type GaN using Mg overlayer (2007)

A metallization scheme with high reflectance and smooth surface morphology has been developed for obtaining low resistance Ohmic contacts on p-type GaN. Excellent Ohmic characteristics with a specific contact resistivity as low as 9.0×10−6Ωcm2 were obtained by annealing evaporated Ni (10Å)∕Ag (1500Å)∕Mg (500Å) contact at 450°C for 2min in O2 ambient. Additionally, a high reflectance over 80% was observed in the 400–500nm wavelength range. The Mg overlayer suppressed excessive incorporation of oxygen into the Ni and Ag layers during oxidation annealing, leading to high reflectance and smooth surface quality of the Ohmic contact.
Design on Selector of Tools in CNC Lathe Simulation System (2005)

The design of tools selector of CNC simulation based on Visual Basic 6.0 was introduced.It is very useful and convenient to learners who study technology of CNC.The process and methods were illustrated including structure,function and design methods of the system.
Inorganic and organometallic oligomers and polymers : proceedings of the 33rd IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecules (1991)

Polysilanes and Polystannanes.- Catalytic Dehydrogenative Polymerization of Silanes to Polysilanes by Zirconocene and Hafnocene Catalysts. A New Polymerization Mechanism..- Silane Dehydrocoupling Reactions Catalyzed by the Late Transition Metals.- Synthesis of Poly(methylsilylene) by Catalytic Dehydrocoupling with Cp2MMe2 (M=Ti, Zr) Catalysts..- The Preparation of Polysilylenes.- Characterization of Polysilanes by UV, GPC and Light-Scattering.- Effect of Thermally Induced Transitions on Electronic Transport in Aliphatic Polysilylenes.- Linear and Nonlinear Optics in Substituted Polysilanes.- Electronic Structures and Physical Properties of Sigma-Conjugated Polymers.- The Molecular and Electronic Structure of Polycyclic Polystannanes.- Non-oxide Ceramic Precursors.- Polymethylsilane as a Precursor to High Purity Silicon Carbide.- Silicon Carbide Preceramic Polymers as Binders for Ceramic Powders.- Pyrolytic Characteristics of Polysilazanes.- Silicon and Boron Containing Oligomers: Potential Precursors for Ceramics.- Preparation and Microstructure of Organometallic Polymer Derived AIN-BN Composites.- Polymeric Precursors to Boron Nitride Ceramics.- Ceramic Materials via Derivatization Reactions of Polymers.- Oxide Ceramic Precursors.- Some Aspects of the Chemistry of Transition Metal Oxide Gels.- Kinetics and Structure of Silicate Sol-Gels.- Mechanistic Aspects of the Pyrolytic Transformation of Metal Alkoxides to Oxides.- Novel Organometallic Polymers.- Poly(alkylene phosphates): Synthetic Strategies.- New Metal-Chalcogen Compounds with Polymeric Structures.- The Study of Plasma Stability of Poly (Organophosphazene) Films Prepared on Silicon Wafer.- Oxygen-Carrying Polychelates Derived from Bisphenolic Complexes.- Coordination Polymers Derived from Bisphenolic Complexes.- List of Key Words, Names.
The 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2): general overview and main results (2000)

This overview summarizes the objectives of the Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACEs) of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project and the research strategy implemented in the second of this series of experiments (ACE-2). ACE-2 took place from 16 June to 24 July 1997, over the sub-tropical North-East Atlantic. It provided an opportunity to study the properties, processes and effects of contrasting aerosol types in this region, including background marine and anthropogenic pollution aerosol in the marine boundary layer (MBL), and background aerosol and mineral dust in the overlaying free troposphere (FT). The major achievements of ACE-2 include:(a) identification of entrainment, in-cloud scavenging and coagulation as the major processes transforming a pollution aerosol transported within the MBL; (b) the first documentation of the indirect radiative effect of aerosols at the scale of a cloud ensemble in continental pollution outflow; (c) observation of a wide range in the contribution of organic material to the sub-micron aerosol mass, with possibly the highest contribution in the free tropospheric; (d) improved understanding of the role of condensing HCl, HNO3 and NH3 as a growth mechanism of sub-micron aerosols in polluted air masses advecting over the ocean. A close connection was observed between meteorological factors (such as horizontal and vertical wind speed, boundary layer development, entrainment, humidity fields) and aerosol and cloud characteristics. In the ACE-2 region, these meteorological factors, rather than aerosol microphysics and chemistry, often dominated the shaping of the aerosol size distribution and/or their effect on radiation and clouds. The ACE-2 data presently analyzed provide a qualitative, and in many cases a quantitative understanding of the complex gas/aerosol/cloud system in the sub-tropical marine environment. This will guide future model development. Some major data sets are still to be analyzed.
4T Actively-Detunable Double-Tuned 1H/31P TEM Head Volume Coil and Four-Channel 31P Phased Array for Human Brain Spectroscopy (2006)

Typically 31P spectroscopic studies are limited by SNR considerations. Although phased arrays can improve the SNR; to date 31P phased arrays for highfield systems have not been combined with 31P volume transmit coils. Additionally, to provide anatomical reference for the 31P studies, without removal of the coil or patient from the magnet, double-tuning (31P/ 1H) of the volume coil is required. An actively detunable 31P/1H TEM volume transmit/ fourchannel 31P phased array was developed for 4T MRSI of the human brain. The coil can be used either in volume-transmit/array-receive mode or in TEM transmit/receive mode with the array detuned.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of triazolo derivatives of 8-amino-10,11-dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]1,4-thiazepine-11-one. (1989)

In the present communication, the syntheses, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of 8-amino-(1,2,4)-triazolo[4,3-d][b,e]1,4-dibenzothiazepine (4) and its various substituted analogs (6-9) are reported.
Unified Matrix Treatment of the Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (1976)

A unified matrix treatment is presented for the various orderings of the Walsh-Hadamard (WH) functions using a general framework. This approach clarifies the different definitions of the WH matrix, the various fast algorithms and the reorderings of the WH functions.