gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effect of Jinbuhuan Granule on Hp-relative Gastritis (2003)

Objective:To observe the effect of Jinbuhuan granule(JG) on Hp-relative gastritis.Methods:One hundred and sixty-six cases of Hp-relative gastritis were divided into JG group( n =112)and control group( n =54). The clinical symptoms of Hp-relative gastritis were recorded before and after the treatment. The effect of JG on Hp in vitro was observed.Results:The difference between the healing rates of JG group and control group was not significant ( P 0.05). JG improved the clinical symptoms ( P 0 .05) and was effective to various TCM syndromes( P 0.05).JG inhibited the growth of Hp in vitro.Conclusion:JG was a safe,effective Chinese medicine for the treatment of Hp-relative gastritis.
Modeling and Design Optimization of Ultrathin Vapor Chambers for High Heat Flux Applications (2012)

Passive phase-change thermal spreaders, such as vapor chambers have been widely employed to spread the heat from small-scale high-flux heat sources to larger areas. In this paper, a numerical model for ultrathin vapor chambers has been developed, which is suitable for reliable prediction of the operation at high heat fluxes and small scales. The effects of boiling in the wick structure on the thermal performance are modeled, and the model predictions are compared with experiments on custom-fabricated vapor chamber devices. The working fluid for the vapor chamber is water and a condenser side temperature range of 293 K-333 K is considered. The model predictions agree reasonably well with experimental measurements and reveal the input parameters to which thermal resistance and vapor chamber capillary limit are most sensitive. The vapor space in the ultrathin devices offers significant thermal and flow resistances when the vapor core thickness is in the range of 0.2 mm-0.4 mm. The performance of a 1-mm-thick vapor chamber is optimized by studying the variation of thermal resistance and total flow pressure drop as functions of the wick and vapor core thicknesses. The wick thickness is varied from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. Based on the minimization of a performance cost function comprising the device thermal resistance and flow pressure drop, it is concluded that the thinnest wick structures (0.05 mm) are optimal for applications with heat fluxes below 50 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while a moderate wick thickness of 0.1 mm performs best at higher heat flux inputs 50 (>;W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Orthologs of a novel archaeal and of the bacterial peptidyl–tRNA hydrolase are nonessential in yeast (2002)

Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (encoded by pth) is an essential enzyme in all bacteria, where it releases tRNA from the premature translation termination product peptidyl-tRNA. Archaeal genomes lack a recognizable peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) ortholog, although it is present in most eukaryotes. However, we detected Pth-like activity in extracts of the archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. The uncharacterized MJ0051 ORF was shown to correspond to a protein with Pth activity. Heterologously expressed MJ0051 enzyme catalyzed in vitro the cleavage of the Pth substrates diacetyl-[14C]lysyl-tRNA and acetyl-[14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA. On transformation of an Escherichia coli pth(ts) mutant, the MJ0051 gene (named pth2) rescued the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the strain. Analysis of known genomes revealed the presence of highly conserved orthologs of the archaeal pth2 gene in all archaea and eukaryotes but not in bacteria. The phylogeny of pth2 homologs suggests that the gene has been vertically inherited throughout the archaeal and eukaryal domains. Deletions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the pth2 (YBL057c) or pth (YHR189w) orthologs were viable, as was the double deletion strain, implying that the canonical Pth and Pth2 enzymes are not essential for yeast viability.
Non-Destructive Testing (1988)

A basic but comprehensive coverage of all the major NDT techniques in use today, this book will be valuable to all degree and BTEC students studying Mechanical or Materials Engineering. It will also p
Spare cutting approaches for repairing memories (2002)

This paper presents new algorithms for yield enhancement of redundant memories. These algorithms are based on the technique of spare cutting for a redundant memory chip in which repair is implemented by row/column deletion. Different approaches are proposed: some of these approaches are based on a fully exhaustive process, while others try to heuristically reduce the computational overhead involved in determining the repair-solution.
Neural networks in manufacturing: A survey (2002)

Information about neural networks in manufacturing, which will provide some guidelines and references for the research and implementation is presented. The basic concepts of neural networks are briefly introduced. A survey of neural network applications in manufacturing is provided. The projection of future trends is given to help make decisions concerning neural networks implementation in manufacturing today and to aid in guiding research for tomorrow.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alkane based plasma etching of GaAs (1991)

A mechanistic model for the plasma etching of GaAs is compared with experimentally determined kinetic reaction rates and thermodynamic data. The measurements were made on etching characteristics of radio frequency (rf) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas in alkane (CH4, C2H6, and C3H8 ), hydrogen and noble gas mixtures. The model examines the reaction mechanisms on the substrate surface in terms of sequential adsorption and fragmentation of the precursor alkane molecules and the subsequent desorption of volatile reaction products. Experimental results show GaAs etch rates in rf plasmas to be proportional to the initial alkane concentration, and the order of reaction increases with the number of constituent CHx groups within the alkane precursor molecule. By using different noble gas admixtures it has been possible to determine their effect on etch rates with respect to pure hydrogen admixtures, where results show that etch rates scale with the substitution of He&lt;H2&lt;Ar admixtures in CH4 plasmas. GaAs etch rates in ECR/magnetic mirror coupled plasmas show that GaAs etch rates are lower than in rf plasmas, with evidence of enhanced positive photoresist degradation at high microwave powers, and H2 partial pressures.
An Electric Energy Consumer Characterization Framework Based on Data Mining Techniques (2005)

This paper presents an electricity consumer characterization framework based on a knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) procedure, supported by data mining (DM) techniques, applied on the different stages of the process. The core of this framework is a data mining model based on a combination of unsupervised and supervised learning techniques. Two main modules compose this framework: the load profiling module and the classification module. The load profiling module creates a set of consumer classes using a clustering operation and the representative load profiles for each class. The classification module uses this knowledge to build a classification model able to assign different consumers to the existing classes. The quality of this framework is illustrated with a case study concerning a real database of LV consumers from the Portuguese distribution company.
Cyclic GMP mediates neurogenic relaxation in the bovine retractor penis muscle (1984)

Field stimulation of the non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic inhibitory nerves to the bovine isolated retractor penis muscle evoked a relaxation that was preceded by a rise in the tissue content of cyclic GMP. There was no change in the content of cyclic AMP. The selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 2‐ o ‐propoxyphenyl‐8‐azapurin‐6‐one (M&B 22948), elevated the tissue's cyclic GMP content, and potentiated both the relaxation and the rise in cyclic GMP produced by inhibitory nerve stimulation. Sodium nitroprusside and an inhibitory factor extracted from the bovine retractor penis muscle mimicked the effects of inhibitory nerve stimulation in that they each produced relaxation associated with a selective rise in cyclic GMP concentration. Haemoglobin (in the form of erythrocyte haemolysate) and N‐methylhydroxylamine, which are known to block guanylate cyclase, blocked the relaxation and the rise in cyclic GMP content produced by inhibitory nerve stimulation, inhibitory factor and sodium nitroprusside. Haemoglobin itself caused a rise in muscle tone and at the same time reduced the cyclic GMP content of the tissue. 8‐Bromocyclic GMP, a permeant derivative of cyclic GMP, produced a relaxation of the muscle that, as expected, was not blocked by haemoglobin. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prostaglandin E 1 and forskolin each produced relaxation associated with a selective rise in cyclic AMP content. Their effects were not blocked by haemoglobin or N‐methylhydroxylamine. It is concluded that inhibitory nerve stimulation in the bovine retractor penis muscle produces a relaxation that is mediated by cyclic GMP, although some substances relax the muscle without affecting cyclic GMP levels. The results are also compatible with the view that the extracts of muscle contain the inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Comparison of the swelling kinetics of a partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel in distilled water and physiological solution (2007)

The isothermal kinetics curves of the swelling of a poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel in distilled water and physiological solution at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 ?C were determined. The possibility of applying both the Fick?s kinetics model and kinetics model of the first order chemical reaction to the swelling kinetics of the PAA hydrogel in distilled water and physiological solution were examined. It was found that the possibilities of applying these models were limited. The new model of the kinetics of swelling in distilled water and physiological solution was established. The kinetic parameters (Ea, ln A) for the swelling in distilled water and physiological solution were determined. The decrease of the equilibrium degree of swelling and the saturation swelling rate of the swelling of the PAA hydrogel in physiological solution compared to swelling in distilled water could be explained by the decreased differences in the ionic osmotic pressures between the hydrogel and the swelling medium. The increase of the initial swelling rate in the physiological solution might be caused by an increased density of charges at the network and by an increased affinity of the network towards the water molecules. The increase of the activation energy of the swelling of the PAA hydrogel in the physiological solution is a consequence of its additional "ionic crosslinking".
Non-invasive measurement of a metabolic marker of infant brain function (2017)

While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) haemodynamic measures have proven to be vastly useful in investigating human brain development, the haemodynamic response function (HRF) in infants is not yet fully understood. NIRS measurements of the oxidation state of mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO) have the potential to yield key information about cellular oxygen utilisation and therefore energy metabolism. We used a broadband NIRS system to measure changes in oxCCO, in addition to haemodynamic changes, during functional activation in a group of 33 typically developing infants aged between 4 and 6 months. The responses were recorded over the right temporal lobe while the infants were presented with engaging videos containing social content. A significant increase in oxCCO was found in response to the social stimuli, with maximum increase of 0.238 ± 0.13 μM. These results are the first reported significant change in oxCCO in response to stimulus-evoked activation in human infants and open new vistas for investigating human infant brain function and its energy metabolism.
Real-time obstacle avoidance using harmonic potential functions (1992)

A novel formulation of the artificial potential approach to the obstacle avoidance problem for a mobile robot or a manipulator in a known environment is presented. Previous formulations of artificial potentials for obstacle avoidance have exhibited local minima in a cluttered environment. To build an artificial potential field, the authors use harmonic functions that completely eliminate local minima even for a cluttered environment. The panel method is used to represent arbitrarily shaped obstacles and to derive the potential over the whole space. Based on this potential function, an elegant control strategy for the real-time control of a robot is proposed. Simulation results are presented for a bar-shaped mobile robot and a three-degree-of-freedom planar redundant manipulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Soluble Factor(s) Secreted from CD8<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication through STAT1 Activation (2002)

CD8(+) T lymphocytes can suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by secreting a soluble factor(s) known as CD8(+) T-lymphocyte antiviral factor (CAF). One site of CAF action is inhibition of HIV-1 RNA transcription, particularly at the step of long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven gene expression. However, the mechanism by which CAF inhibits LTR activation is not understood. Here, we show that conditioned media from several herpesvirus saimari-transformed CD8(+) T lymphocytes inhibit, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, the replication of HIV-1 pseudotype viruses that express the envelope glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (HIV-1(VSV)). The same conditioned media also inhibit phorbol myristate acetate-induced activation of the HIV-1 LTR and activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) protein. We have obtained direct evidence that STAT1 is necessary for CAF-mediated inhibition of LTR activation and HIV-1 replication. Thus, the inhibitory effect of CAF on HIV-1(VSV) replication was abolished in STAT1-deficient cells. Moreover, CAF inhibition of LTR activation was diminished both in STAT1-deficient cells and in cells expressing a STAT1 dominant negative mutant but was restored when STAT1 was reintroduced into the STAT1-deficient cells. We also observed that CAF induced the expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and that IRF-1 gene induction was STAT-1 dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that CAF activates STAT1, leading to IRF-1 induction and inhibition of gene expression regulated by the HIV-1 LTR. This study therefore helps clarify one molecular mechanism of host defense against HIV-1.
EFFECT OF SIZE AND SHAPE OF TITANIUM OXIDE CRYSTALS ON SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM‐BEARING PORCELAIN ENAMELS* (1948)

A bstract Color changes of three titanium enamels given varied firing treatment were investigated. The size and shape of titanium oxide particles were studied with the electron microscope, the relative amounts of anatase and rutile were determined from X‐ray analyses, and spectrophotometric curves of the fired panels were made. Electron micrographs showed that rutile particles recrystallized as needles or “sticks,” whereas anatase appeared as ill‐defined, irregularly shaped, rounded particles. With increasing firing temperature or firing time (1) rutile particles showed a greater increase in size than anatase particles, (2) the amount (by weight or volume) of anatase crystals decreased and the amount of rutile crystals increased, and (3) a color change from blue‐white to cream‐white was observed. The change in color seemed to be related to the scattering of blue light by small particles at lower temperatures or shorter periods of firing. As the size of opacifying particles increased, the scattering of blue light decreased, and the characteristic absorption of visible light in the shorter wave lengths was more apparent. In enamels containing both anatase and rutile, the smaller anatase crystals were predominant at lower and the larger rutile crystals at higher temperatures, so that sharp changes of color were observed as the firing temperature was increased.
A 2.4 kbps high-quality speech coder (1991)

An algorithm for coding speech at 2.4 kbps is presented. By combining in a new way well-known coding strategies from both medium and low bit rate speech coding, a very promising configuration is developed. The coder is fundamentally a baseband coder where short-term correlation is predicted by LPC (linear predictive coding) analysis. Coding of the short-term parameters is performed by vector quantization. An open-loop long-term predictor is applied to the lowpass filtered short-term residual to reduce the quasi-periodic pitch structure before the signal is down-sampled. A novel method for coding the down-sampled residual based on voiced/unvoiced classification is proposed. For unvoiced frames a simple white Gaussian codebook is applied, and for voiced frames a new pulse codebook has been designed. The coding algorithm is demonstrated to be robust and to produce high speech quality at 2.4 kbps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving Molecular Sensitivity in X-Ray Fluorescence Molecular Imaging (XFMI) of Iodine Distribution in Mouse-Sized Phantoms via Excitation Spectrum Optimization (2018)

X-ray fluorescence molecular imaging (XFMI) has shown great promise as a low-cost molecular imaging modality for clinical and pre-clinical applications with high sensitivity. Recently, progress has been made in enabling the XFMI technique with laboratory X-ray sources for various biomedical applications. However, the sensitivity of XFMI still needs to be improved for in vivo biomedical applications at a reasonably low radiation dose. In laboratory X-ray source-based XFMI, the main factor that limits the molecular sensitivity of XFMI is the scatter X-rays that coincide with the fluorescence X-rays from the targeted material. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the effects of excitation beam spectrum on the molecular sensitivity of XFMI, by quantitatively deriving minimum detectable concentration (MDC) under a fixed surface entrance dose of 200 mR at three different excitation beam spectra. XFMI experiments were carried out on two customized mouse-sized phantoms. The result shows that the MDC can be readily increased by a factor of 5.26 via excitation spectrum optimization. Furthermore, a numerical model was developed and validated by the experimental data. The numerical model can be used to optimize XFMI system configurations to further improve the molecular sensitivity. Findings from this investigation could find applications for in vivo pre-clinical small-animal XFMI in the future.
Chaining Identity Mapping Modules for Image Denoising (2017)

We propose to learn a fully-convolutional network model that consists of a Chain of Identity Mapping Modules (CIMM) for image denoising. The CIMM structure possesses two distinctive features that are important for the noise removal task. Firstly, each residual unit employs identity mappings as the skip connections and receives pre-activated input in order to preserve the gradient magnitude propagated in both the forward and backward directions. Secondly, by utilizing dilated kernels for the convolution layers in the residual branch, in other words within an identity mapping module, each neuron in the last convolution layer can observe the full receptive field of the first layer. After being trained on the BSD400 dataset, the proposed network produces remarkably higher numerical accuracy and better visual image quality than the state-of-the-art when being evaluated on conventional benchmark images and the BSD68 dataset.
Biotemplated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle–Bacteria Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites and Their Application in Biosensing (2010)

Abstract Bacteria cellulose (BC) nanofibers are used as robust biotemplates for the facile fabrication of novel gold nanoparticle (NP)–bacteria cellulose nanofiber (Au–BC) nanocomposites via a one‐step method. The BC nanofibers are uniformly coated with Au NPs in aqueous suspension using poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) as the reducing and linking agent. With the addition of different halides, Au–BC nanocomposites with different Au shell thicknesses are formed, and a possible formation mechanism is proposed by taking into account the special role played by PEI. A novel H 2 O 2 biosensor is constructed using the obtained Au–BC nanocomposites as excellent support for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization, which allows the detection of H 2 O 2 with a detection limit lower than 1 µ M . The Au–BC nanocomposites could be further used for the immobilization of many other enzymes, and thus, may find potential applications in bioelectroanalysis and bioelectrocatalysis.
Dynamic Scheduling of Hard Real-Time Applications in Open System Environment (1996)

This paper focuses on the problem of providing run-time support to real-time applications and non-real-time applications in an open system. It describes a two-level hierarchical priority-driven scheme for scheduling independently developed applications. The scheme allows the developer of each real-time application to validate the schedulability of the application independently of other applications. Once a real-time application is created and accepted by the open system, its schedulability is guaranteed regardless of the behaviors of other applications that execute concurrently in the system.
InAs/GaAs quantum dots on GaAs-on-V-grooved-Si substrate with high optical quality in the 1.3 <i>μ</i>m band (2015)

We report self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on a specially engineered GaAs-on-V-grooved-Si substrate by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Recessed pockets formed on V-groove patterned Si (001) substrates were used to prevent most of the hetero-interfacial stacking faults from extending into the upper QD active region. 1.3 μm room temperature emission from high-density (5.6 × 1010 cm−2) QDs has been obtained, with a narrow full-width-at-half-maximum of 29 meV. Optical quality of the QDs was found to be better than those grown on conventional planar offcut Si templates, as indicated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence analysis. Results suggest great potential to integrate QD lasers on a Si complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible platform using such GaAs on Si templates.
Competitive grouping in integrated phrase segmentation and alignment model (2005)

This article describes the competitive grouping algorithm at the core of our Integrated Segmentation and Alignment (ISA) model. ISA extracts phrase pairs from a bilingual corpus without requiring the precalculated word alignment as many other phrase alignment models do. Experiments conducted within the WPT-05 shared task on statistical machine translation demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of this approach.