gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unifying Bit-Width Optimisation for Fixed-Point and Floating-Point Designs (2004)

This paper presents a method that offers a uniform treatment for bit-width optimisation of both fixed-point and floating-point designs. Our work utilises automatic differentiation to compute the sensitivities of outputs to the bit-width of the various operands in the design. This sensitivity analysis enables us to explore and compare fixed-point and floating-point implementation for a particular design. As a result, we can automate the selection of the optimal number representation for each variable in a design to optimize area and performance. We implement our method in the BitSize tool targeting reconfigurable architectures, which takes user-defined constraints to direct the optimisation procedure. We illustrate our approach using applications such as ray-tracing and function approximation.
Experiments on pond fertilization (1947)

Caption title. November 1947. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34). Also available on the World Wide Web. Also available in microfilm under: State agricultural papers.
Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) latex particles via aqueous dispersion polymerization (2007)

Poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) latexes were prepared by aqueous dispersion polymerization at 60 °C using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) [PNVP] as a steric stabilizer. The mean latex diameter can be controlled over a wide range by varying the synthesis parameters (initiator type, stabilizer concentration, addition of co-surfactant or comonomer), and narrow size distributions were observed in most cases. These sterically-stabilized latex particles were characterized by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Malvern Mastersizer and FT-IR spectroscopy. The presence of the PNVP stabilizer at the surface of the latex particles was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the stabilizer content was assessed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and nitrogen microanalyses. Colloidally stable surfactant-stabilized poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) latexes could also be prepared in the absence of any PNVP stabilizer. Since 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate contains a small amount of dimethacrylate impurity, these latexes are actually lightly cross-linked; their degree of swelling in D2O, d4-methanol and d5-pyridine was investigated using dynamic light scattering and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, three ionic water-soluble comonomers were successfully copolymerized with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate under aqueous dispersion conditions, as judged by aqueous electrophoresis studies.
New approach in automotive control-An experimental variable-response vehicle (2002)

Nissan has developed an experimental vehicle which can independently control vehicle motions: bounce, pitch, roll, yaw, and lateral movements. Using this experimental vehicle, Nissan is also developing a human behavior model which incorporates human perception, recognition, decision, and operation during driving. Some of Nissan's efforts to integrate human factors with automotive control are introduced, along with the functions of the experimental vehicle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New High-rise RC Structure Using Pre-cast ECC Coupling Beam (2005)

高層集合住宅の居住空間から柱や梁を除くため, 立体耐震壁 (コア壁) を用いた建物が増加している。このコア壁間に引張性能が秀でたECC (Engineered Cementitious Composites) を使用した連結梁を用いることで地震のエネルギーを吸収させる新たな架構を提案し実現化した。ECCは高い引張ひずみ能力を発揮すること, および引張時に微細ひび割れを複数発生して優れたひび割れ幅抑制能力を発揮することが特徴となる短繊維補強セメント複合材料である。そのECC連結梁の構造設計上の要求性能は (1) せん断や付着割裂破壊を生じず, 地震時最大部材角が4%でも耐力は低下しない, (2) 地震後の最大残留ひび割れは0.3mm以下とする, という厳しいものとなった。その要求条件を満足し, 構造設計法確立のため幾つかの構造実験を行い実用化に結びつけた。また, このECC連結梁をプレキャスト工場で製作するための製造, 管理手法および実際の施工状況も併せて概説する。
Information processing in neural networks with the complex dynamic thresholds (2016)

A control mechanism of the information processing in neural networks is investigated, based on the complex dynamic threshold of the neural excitation. The threshold properties are controlled by the slowly varying synaptic current. The dynamic threshold shows high sensitivity to the rate of the synaptic current variation. It allows both to realize flexible selective tuning of the network elements and to provide nontrivial regimes of neural coding.
End-capping of polystyrene by aliphatic primary amine by derivatization of precursor hydroxyl end group (2000)

A new and very efficient route for the synthesis of aliphatic primary amine terminated polystyrene (PS) is reported. In contrast to most known methods, only traditional commercially available reagents are used. PS is synthesized by anionic polymerization with a lithium counter ion and the living chains are end-capped by a hydroxyl group upon addition of ethylene oxide followed by protonation. The ω-hydroxyl end group is tosylated and the tosylate is then reacted with sodium azide. The azide terminal group is finally reduced into primary amine. The different steps of functionalization have been fully characterized by SEC, ToF-SIMS, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The amine content (= 98%) has been determined by acid-base titration with perchloric acid. It clearly shows the efficiency of the synthetic method reported in this article although it is a multistep method. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1618–1629, 2000
Occlusion prediction based on target dynamics and spatial reasoning (1997)

This paper describes a novel system, which is able to track multiple man made objects, typically vehicles moving in a natural open world scene and continue to track those vehicles even if they become occluded by a static object in the scene. The system developed interprets major structural features of an open world scene across consecutive image frames, building a symbolic map representation of the image. The system assumes no a priori knowledge of any structure within the image. It builds the map of the scene on a frame by frame basis by tracking vehicles within the image. Extracted target dynamics are used in conjunction with a high-level reasoning process to construct the scene map. The map shows regions in the image where vehicles are likely to be detected and regions where they are likely to become occluded. The tracking is complicated by the fact that the vehicles to be tracked are expected to be a large distance from the camera and as such will only occupy a small number of image pixels. Based on the scene map and current target dynamics, the system predicts target occlusion and is able to continue tracking the target even though it is not in the field of view. The system has been tested using an input sequence of vehicles moving in a complex outdoor scene, where the vehicles undergo both full and partial occlusion.
Dual Effects of Anti-inflammatory 2-Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives on a Major Isoform of Human Liver 3.ALPHA.-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase. (1998)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to be potent inhibitors of mammalian 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Here, we report that the drugs of the 2-arylpropionic acid class act as both activators and inhibitors for a predominant isoform of the human liver enzyme which is involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones, bile acids, drug ketones and xenobiotic aromatic hydrocarbons. Flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen and suprofen stimulated the activity of the human enzyme (1.5-2.4-fold) at low concentrations of less than 20-100 microM, whereas at higher concentrations they inhibited the activity. Comparison of the effects of the structurally related compounds with the drugs revealed that the essential structure required as the activator molecule is 2-phenylpropionic acid with a hydrophobic substituent on the aromatic ring. In addition, an R-enantiomer of ibuprofen showed higher activation (3-fold) than its S-enantiomer. Kinetic analysis with respect to NADP+ concentration indicated that R- and S-ibuprofens are nonessential activators showing binding constants of 23 and 34 microM, respectively. Neither enantiomers activated, but rather inhibited the enzyme, with Met replacing Arg-276 which has been shown to interact with the 2'-phosphate of NADP+. The inhibitions of the mutant enzyme by R- and S-ibuprofens were competitive with respect to the substrate, giving Ki values of 95 and 18 microM, respectively. The results suggest that the human liver 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform possesses the two distinct sites, activator and inhibitor sites, to which anti-inflammatory 2-arylpropionates stereoselectively bind.
1,N2-Ethenoguanine and N2,3-ethenoguanine. Synthesis and comparison of the electronic spectral properties of these linear and angular triheterocycles related to the Y bases (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,N2-Ethenoguanine and N2,3-ethenoguanine. Synthesis and comparison of the electronic spectral properties of these linear and angular triheterocycles related to the Y basesPrem D. Sattsangi, Nelson J. Leonard, and Charles R. FrihartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 20, 3292–3296Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00440a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00440a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progress in developing ventilation air methane mitigation and utilisation technologies. (2003)

This paper reviews the existing and developing technologies for coalmine ventilation air methane (CH4) mitigation and utilisation, particularly the field of CH4 oxidation, with respect to technical feasibility, engineering applicability, and potential to recover the heat released from CH4 oxidation. Ventilation air methane contributes approximately 64% of coalmine CH4 emissions, and is difficult to use as an energy source, as the air volume is large and the methane resource is dilute and variable in concentration and flow rate. The low concentration of methane in mine ventilation air is a major problem, and mitigation requires either treatment in its dilute state, or concentrating up to levels that can be used in conventional methane fueled engines. Effective technology for increasing the concentration of methane is not available but it is being developed, and most work has focussed on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation in terms of combustion kinetic mechanism. Utilisation technologies for ventilation air methane generally divide into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. For the ancillary uses, ventilation air is used as a substitute for ambient air in combustion processes, including gas turbines, internal combustion engines and coal-fired power stations. For the principal uses, methane in ventilation air is a primary fuel. The variation in methane concentration and flow in mine ventilation air impacts significantly on the effectiveness of mitigation and utilisation technologies.
Efficient FORTRAN implementation of the gaussian elimination and Householder reduction algorithms on the IBM 3090 vector multiprocessor (2009)

accord avec les conditions générales d'utilisation (http:/
Brainstem Encephalitis (Rhombencephalitis) Due to Listeria monocytogenes: Case Report and Review (1993)

Listerial brainstem encephalitis is a rare disease. Only 62 cases have been reported previously; all were in adults, only 8% of whom were immunosuppressed. The disease has a characteristic biphasic course: a nonspecific prodrome of headache, nausea or vomiting, and fever lasting for several days is followed by progressive asymmetrical cranial-nerve palsies, cerebellar signs, hemiparesis or hypesthesia, and impairment of consciousness. Neck stiffness was initially present in only 55% of the cases described thus far. Studies of cerebrospinal fluid often revealed only mild abnormalities. Cultures of cerebrospinal fluid and blood were positive in 41% and 61% of cases, respectively. Respiratory failure occurred in 41% of cases. Initial computed tomography of the brain often gave normal results; magnetic resonance imaging better demonstrated brainstem abnormalities. Overall mortality was 51%. All untreated patients died. When treatment with ampicillin or penicillin was initiated early, the rate of survival was > 70%; however, neurological sequelae developed in 61% of survivors.
The Tn Antigen—Structural Simplicity and Biological Complexity (2011)

Glycoproteins in animal cells contain a variety of glycan structures that are added co- and/or posttranslationally to proteins. Of over 20 different types of sugar-amino acid linkages known, the two major types are N-glycans (Asn-linked) and O-glycans (Ser/Thr-linked). An abnormal mucin-type O-glycan whose expression is associated with cancer and several human disorders is the Tn antigen. It has a relatively simple structure composed of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine with a glycosidic α linkage to serine/threonine residues in glycoproteins (GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr), and was one of the first glycoconjugates to be chemically synthesized. The Tn antigen is normally modified by a specific galactosyltransferase (T-synthase) in the Golgi apparatus of cells. Expression of active T-synthase is uniquely dependent on the molecular chaperone Cosmc, which is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome. Expression of the Tn antigen can arise as a consequence of mutations in the genes for T-synthase or Cosmc, or genes affecting other steps of O-glycosylation pathways. Because of the association of the Tn antigen with disease, there is much interest in the development of Tn-based vaccines and other therapeutic approaches based on Tn expression.
A new technique for angioplasty of occluded coronary arteries and bypass grafts, not associated with acute myocardial infarction (1987)

We describe a new technique for angioplasty of totally occluded coronary arteries and bypass grafts in the absence of acute myocardial infarction. We used a guiding catheter, a coronary infusion catheter, and a relatively stiff steerable guide wire to perforate the occlusion. Angioplasty of the recanalized vessel was subsequently performed. The procedure was attempted in nine patients; it was successful in eight. There were no complications. The advantages of this technique are discussed.
Stimulation of Dendritic Cells via CD40 Enhances Immune Responses to<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Infection (2001)

The resolution of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) critically depends on the development of the Th1 type of immune responses, as exemplified by the exacerbation of TB in IL-12-deficient mice. Therefore, vaccination strategies optimizing IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells (APC) in response to mycobacteria may have enhanced protective efficacy. Since dendritic cells (DC) are the critical APC for activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, we examined whether stimulation of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG)-infected DC via CD40 increased their ability to generate Th1-oriented cellular immune responses. Incubation of DC with an agonistic anti-CD40 antibody activated CD40 signaling in DC, as shown by increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules, mRNA production for proinflammatory cytokines and interleukin 12 (IL-12) p40. This activation pattern was maintained when DC were stimulated with anti-CD40 antibody and infected with BCG. Importantly, CD40-stimulated BCG-infected DC displayed increased capacity to release bioactive IL-12 and to activate gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) producing T cells in vitro. Moreover, when C57BL/6 mice were immunized with these DC and challenged with aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis, increased levels of mRNA for IL-12 p40, IL-18, and IFN-gamma were present in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes. However, the mycobacterial burden in the lungs was not reduced compared to that in mice immunized with BCG-infected non-CD40-stimulated DC. Therefore, although the manipulation of DC via CD40 is effective for enhancing immune responses to mycobacteria in vivo, additional strategies are required to increase protection against virulent M. tuberculosis infection.
Tailoring the water adsorption properties of MIL-101 metal–organic frameworks by partial functionalization (2014)

Partial functionalization of the metal–organic framework, MIL-101, with –COOH groups is proven effective for enhancing the water uptake capacity at low pressure.
Experimental studies of combustor dilution zone aerodynamics. I - Mean flowfields (1990)

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study circumferential irregularities in the temperature distribution downstream of a row of 16 heated jets injected normally into a confined annular crossflow at a momentum flux ratio of 4. The heated air was fed to the plunged holes along a representative approach annulus and, despite the uniformity of the approach flow, the velocity profile across the exit plane of each dilution hole revealed a complex flowfield that varied in a random manner from one jet to another. Temperature distributions measured at a plane two hole diameters downstream indicated a lack of symmetry between the dilution jets because of an apparent twist of the temperature contours associated with certain jets. Velocity distributions at the same location indicated a corresponding asymmetry in the double-vortex structure formed in the wake of each jet.
Cloning and Expression Pattern of a Second (1997)

Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding [Trp7Leu8]GnRH (sGnRH) and [His5Trp7Tyr8]GnRH (cGnRH-II) peptides have been isolated from the brain of goldfish (X. W. Lin and R. E. Peter, 1996, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 101, 282-296). In the present study we report the isolation of a second cDNA encoding cGnRH-II peptide in the brain of goldfish using reverse transcription (RT) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. There is an overall 79.7% nucleotide sequence similarity between the two cGnRH-II cDNAs, with 65.3, 91.2, and 76.3% similarity between the 5'-untranslated regions, coding regions, and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively, of the two cGnRH-II cDNAs. Comparison of the two cGnRH-II precursors shows 87.2% amino acid similarity. The presence of two cGnRH-II genes was confirmed by the sequence analysis of the introns between exon II and exon III of the two cGnRH-II genes. Results indicate that the intron of the two cGnRH-II genes shows a high divergence in size and sequence, but contains the same splice junction. Expression of the two cGnRH-II mRNAs was detected by RT-polymerase chain reaction assay and Southern blot analysis in all five grossly dissected brain areas, olfactory bulbs and tracts, telencephalon, hypothalamus, optic tectum-thalamus, and posterior brain. However, there was a difference in apparent intensity of hybridization signal for the two cGnRH-II mRNAs in all brain areas, suggesting a difference of expression levels. sGnRH mRNA was detected in the olfactory bulbs, telencephalon, and hypothalamus, but not in midbrain and posterior brain areas. The present finding of duplicate cDNAs and genes for cGnRH-II in goldfish is in agreement with the recent tetraploidization in this species.
Modern Trends in Managing Obesity - Evolution of a New Drug: Sibutramine (MERIDIA TM) (1998)

Obesity, regarded as a chronic metabolic disease, is increasing in prevalence in the United States. Today, a combination of pharmacotherapy and life-style adjustments seem to provide an effective treatment. However, many controversies exist regarding the safety of weight reducing drugs. As older anorexigenic drugs, such as amphetamines and Phen/Fen have been recalled despite their effectiveness in reducing weight, due to their side effects, a new drug, Sibutramine (Meridia TM) is taking the center stage. Sibutramine exerts its effect by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, a mechanism different from any other diet pill approved by FDA. By lowering blood triglycerides, colostral, and waist/hip ratio via its anorexic and thermogenic effects, sibutramine has great promises, despite the lack of established long-term side effects.
Design and performance analysis of reflecting ring focusing system for laser propulsion (2007)

A reflecting ring focusing system for laser propulsion has been designed. A paraboloidal reflector of higher order is constructed to focus the laser energy on a ring which can produce a tire liked ignition region in the thruster. Considering the angle of laser incidence and reflector's coarseness, mathematic models of the focusing performance have been set up through ray tracking method. Moreover, numerical simulations of the shape, size, energy density and spatial characteristics of ignition wire are carried out in order to know the ring focusing system's superiority. The results show that the ring ignition region with a radius of 49 mm produced by a ring focusing system is about one order of magnitude larger than that produced by single point focusing system, which makes the heating of the work substance much more uniformly. Also, the ring focusing system has a better coarseness endurance.
T Cell Depleted Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Allotransplantation with T Cell Add Back for Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Effect of Chronic GVHD on Outcome (2006)

One hundred thirty-eight patients with hematologic malignancies received myeloablative T cell-depleted peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) from an HLA-identical sibling donor. The T cell dose was adjusted to 0.2-1 x 10(5) CD3(+) cells/kg. The CD34 dose was 2.7-16 x 10(6)/kg. Patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade <2 received 1 or 2 donor lymphocyte infusions of 10(7) CD3(+) cells/kg between days 45 and 100. Patients were designated according to relapse probability as standard or high relapse risk (77 and 61, respectively). Overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival, relapse, and transplant-related mortality (TRM) were 58%, 46%, 40%, and 20%, respectively, after a median follow-up of 4 years. Fifty-three (39%) and 21 (15%) patients developed grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute GVHD. Forty-two (36%) had limited and 29 (25%) had extensive chronic GVHD. In multivariate analysis, disease risk was an independent factor for OS and relapse, day-30 lymphocyte count for OS and TRM, and chronic GVHD for OS and relapse. PBSCT with early T cell add back leads to comparable rates of chronic GVHD compared with T cell-replete PBSCT. However, this chronic GVHD after T cell add back is associated with less mortality and retains a protective effect in terms of relapse, at least in the standard-risk patients.
THE RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THORIUM (1959)

Inorganic, analytical, and radiochemistry of thorium is reviewed. A table of thorium isotopes is given. The features of thorium chemistry of interest to radiochemists include metallic thorium, soluble and insoluble salts and coprecipitation characteristics, complex ions, chelate complexes, extraction of the TTA complex of thorium into organic solvents, and ion exchange behavior. A collection of detailed radiochemical procedures for thorium is given. (J.E.D.)