gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for QoS-aware software components (2004)

The next generation of software systems will be highly distributed, component-based, service-oriented, will need to operate in unattended mode and possibly in hostile environments, will be composed of a large number of "replaceable" components discoverable at run-time, and will have to run on a multitude of unknown and heterogeneous hardware and network platforms. This paper focuses on service oriented-architectures in which each component provides a set of interrelated services to other components. These components are QoS-aware (i.e., aware of Quality of Service requirements) and are capable of engaging in QoS negotiations with other components of a distributed application. The main contributions of this paper are: i) the description of an architecture for QoS-aware software components that are able to negotiate QoS requirements with other components, ii) the specification of the protocols used for QoS negotiation and admission control at the QoS-aware components, iii) a report on the implementation of a QoS-aware component, and iv) the experimental validation of the ideas presented in the paper.
A desiderata for refactoring-based software modularity improvement (2010)

There exists number of large business critical software systems of recent vintage that are becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. These systems, written in newer languages such as C and Java are fast becoming legacy and showing the same symptoms of modularity deterioration reminiscent of older legacy systems written in Cobol and PL1. However, this problem has not received much attention from the software modularization community. In this paper, we argue that the modularization needs of these relatively newer systems, which generally have some modular structure, is significantly different from the needs of older, mainly monolithic, legacy systems. We emphasize the need for incrementally improving modularity and propose a software refactoring based approach to solve this problem, thereby, uniting hitherto two disparate threads of research - software modularization and software refactoring. As part of this refactoring based modularity improvement approach, we identify a set of modularity smells and specify how to detect these smells in poorly modularized software systems. A validation of these modularity smells is carried out using several open source systems.
Electromagnetic variable optical attenuator (2003)

Electromagnetically actuated micromirror is a promising candidate for optical switching applications. In this research, we have designed, fabricated and tested a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) variable optical attenuator (VOA) composed of an electromagnetic micromirror and integrated fibers. The effects of fiber arrangement and the deployment of lensed fibers on the attenuator performance are analyzed based on experimental results.
Metal-mediated aggregation of DNA comprising 2,2′-bipyridine nucleoside, an asymmetrically substituted chiral bidentate ligand (2011)

The incorporation of an artificial 5-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine nucleoside at the 5' terminus of an otherwise self-complementary oligonucleotide sequence opens up the opportunity of metal-mediated aggregation of DNA double helices triggered by the addition of the respective metal ions. Interestingly, two-dimensional aggregates (DNA monolayers) are formed in the presence of nickel(ii), whereas copper(ii) leads to the formation of three-dimensional disc-shaped structures. With iron(ii), a coexistence of both types of aggregates had been observed previously. Models are proposed in which these observations are explained based on geometrical considerations. The artificial nucleoside itself represents a rare example for a C(1)-symmetric chiral derivative of 2,2'-bipyridine, enabling the formation of four isomeric octahedral complexes.
A zero voltage switching full-bridge DC-DC converter with capacitive output filter for a plug-in-hybrid electric vehicle battery charger (2012)

In this paper, a novel zero voltage switching full-bridge converter with trailing edge pulse width modulation and capacitive output filter is presented. The target application for this work is the second stage dc-dc converter in a two stage 1.65 kW on-board charger for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). For this application the design objective is to achieve high efficiency and lower cost in order to minimize the charger size, charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. A detailed converter operation analysis is presented along with simulation and experimental results. In comparison to a benchmark full-bridge with LC output filter, the proposed converter reduces the reverse recovery losses in the secondary rectifier diodes, therefore enabling a converter switching frequency of 100 kHz. Experimental results are presented for a prototype unit converting 400 V from the input dc link to an output voltage range of 200 V to 450 V dc at 1650 W. The prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 95.7%.
AlN/GaN superlattice quality improvement by using multiple superlattice structure (2008)

Abstract We report on an improvement of structural and morphological quality of AlN/GaN superlattices when the multiple superlattice (MSL) structure is used. Such a structure contains strained AlN/GaN simple superlattices with a small number of periods separated by thick GaN layer. Hot wall epitaxy technique (HWE) was used to grow these structures and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to obtain the information about their structural and morphological properties. According to AFM measurements, the threading dislocation density and the surface roughness were decreased compare to the simple superlattice. Xray rocking curve (XRC) measurements exhibit narrower peaks, so the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 0 th superlattice peak was decreased by 37%. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Block copolymers obtained by free radical mechanism III. Synthesis in emulsion (1987)

Block copolymers were synthesized by a sequential free radical polymerization method with the use of di-t-butyl-4,4′-azobis(4-cyanoperoxyvalerate) as the trifunctional initiator. The polymerizations were carried out in two stages. First, the poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl methacrylate) polymeric initiators were synthesized by activating, at room temperature, the perester groups of the initiator with tetraethylenepentamine. For the second stage, the reaction ingredients were pre-emulsified, then the azo groups of these polymeric initiators were activated thermally in the presence of either styrene or p-methylstyrene. It was found that the reaction in the emulsion particles followed bulk kinetics, although the average size of the particles was small, 50–100 nm.
Particle Swarm Optimization: Basic Concepts, Variants and Applications in Power Systems (2008)

Many areas in power systems require solving one or more nonlinear optimization problems. While analytical methods might suffer from slow convergence and the curse of dimensionality, heuristics-based swarm intelligence can be an efficient alternative. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), part of the swarm intelligence family, is known to effectively solve large-scale nonlinear optimization problems. This paper presents a detailed overview of the basic concepts of PSO and its variants. Also, it provides a comprehensive survey on the power system applications that have benefited from the powerful nature of PSO as an optimization technique. For each application, technical details that are required for applying PSO, such as its type, particle formulation (solution representation), and the most efficient fitness functions are also discussed.
Analysis of Water Extraction from Lunar Regolith (2012)

Distribution of water concentration on the Moon is currently an area of active research. Recent studies suggest the presence of ice particles, and perhaps even ice blocks and ice-cemented regolith on the Moon. Thermal extraction of the in-situ water is an attractive means of sa tisfying water requirements for a lunar mission. In this paper, a model is presented to analyze the processes occurring during the heat-up of icy regolith and extraction of the evolved water vapor. The wet regolith is assumed to be present in an initially evacuated and sealed cell which is subsequently heated. The first step of the analysis invol ves calculating the gradual increase of vapor pressure in the closed cell as the temperature is raised. Then, in the second step, the cell is evacuated to low pressure (e.g., vacuum), allowing the water vapor to leave the cell and be captured. The parameters affecting water vap or pressure build-up and evacuation for the purpose of extracting water from lunar regolith are discussed in the paper. Some comparisons wi th available experimental measurements are also made.
Deep levels in type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices (1992)

The theory of ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$-bonded substitutional deep impurity levels is extended to type-II gap-misaligned InAs/GaSb superlattices. The theory predicts that some shallow impurities (donors or acceptors) in either bulk InAs or bulk GaSb can become deep traps in a thin-layer superlattice. This happens because the deep levels associated with point defects in either InAs or GaSb layers (when measured relative to the valence-band maximum of InAs) are much less sensitive to changes of the layer thicknesses of the superlattice than the superlattice band edges. Some common column-IV dopants may lose their amphoteric character [i.e., being a donor when substituting for the column-III host atom (${\mathit{C}}_{\mathrm{In}}$ in InAs) and an acceptor when substituting for the column-V host atom (${\mathit{C}}_{\mathrm{As}}$ in InAs)] and become deep traps for some superlattice layer thicknesses and can even become ``false valence'' dopants (e.g., ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathrm{In}}$ is predicted to be an acceptor in a 10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10 InAs/GaSb [001] superlattice) for other layer thicknesses. The deep-level splitting and shifting in the type-II superlattice is found to follow the same physics as in the type-I superlattice. A semiconductor-semimetal-semiconductor transition is predicted to occur as the InAs layer thickness increases.
Field-effect transistor with a chemically synthesized MoS2 sensing channel for label-free and highly sensitive electrical detection of DNA hybridization (2015)

A field-effect transistor (FET) with two-dimensional (2D) few-layer MoS2 as a sensing-channel material was investigated for label-free electrical detection of the hybridization of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The high-quality MoS2-channel pattern was selectively formedthrough the chemical reaction of the Mo layer with H2S gas. The MoS2 FET was very stable in an electrolyte and inert to pH changes due to the lack of oxygen-containing functionalities on the MoS2 surface. Hybridization of single-stranded target DNA molecules with single-stranded probe DNA molecules physically adsorbed on the MoS2 channel resulted in a shift of the threshold voltage (V th) in the negative direction and an increase in the drain current. The negative shift in V th is attributed to electrostatic gating effects induced by the detachment of negatively charged probe DNA molecules from the channel surface after hybridization. A detection limit of 10 fM, high sensitivity of 17 mV/dec, and high dynamic range of 106 were achieved. The results showed that a bio-FET with an ultrathin 2D MoS2 channel can be used to detect very small concentrations of target DNA molecules specifically hybridized with the probe DNA molecules.
Hookworm: developmental biology of the infectious process (1996)

Hookworms cause severe anemia and malnutrition in developing countries of the tropics, with an estimated one billion people infected worldwide. An in vitro system that models the early events of infection has provided new information about the linkage between the infectious process and the parasite's developmental biology. The cloning and expression of Ancylostoma secreted protein, ASP 1 - a secreted molecule associated with these developmental processes - is an example of how this system allows us to dissect the infectious process at the molecular level.
Epidemiologic Characteristics and Natural History of HIV-1 Natural Viral Suppressors (2009)

The NVS cohort has demonstrated remarkable stability and a low rate of progression over many years. Detailed evaluations of viral-host immune regulatory factors associated with persistent HIV-1 natural viral suppression, and loss of such suppression, has the potential to provide important new insight in HIV pathogenesis and future immune regulatory targeted preventive and therapeutic research.
Global Optimization of Gas Lifting Operations: A Comparative Study of Piecewise Linear Formulations (2008)

Continuous gas lifting is the process of increasing oil well production by injecting compressed natural gas, called “lift gas”, into the production tubing of an oil well [ Presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1996]. This paper considers the problem of optimizing the distribution of a limited supply of lift gas to wells in an oil field using piecewise linearization techniques. Four modeling approaches, proposed by Nemhauser and Woolsey [Integer and Combinatorial Optimization; J. Wiley: New York, 1988], Foudas [Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization: Fundamentals and Applications; Oxford University Press: New York, 1995], Sherali [Oper. Res. Lett. 2001, 28, 155.], and Keha et al. [Oper. Res. Lett. 2004, 32, 44.], are presented and the gas lifting problem is solved using each method. Each of the four frameworks is sufficient to solve the problem to global optimality and the method presented by Keha et al. has the best computational performance. The gas lifting problem is used within the context of larger problems such as well scheduling in oil fields [ Comput. Chem. Eng. 2005, 29, 1523.], and this proposed work can be used to make one of the key parts of the well scheduling problem more efficient.
Development of Super high resolution Single moleculeSequence Based Typing (SS-SBT) method in HLA-DRB1 gene by next generation sequencing (2012)

著者らはHLAクラスI遺伝子であるHLA-A, -Bおよび-Cの全領域をそれぞれ特異的に増幅させるPCR, Roche GS Juniorを用いた次世代シークエンシング, 塩基配列の編集およびアリル判定までの一連の過程により, 8桁レベルの超高解像度DNAタイピング(Super high resolution Single molecule-Sequence Based Typing;SS-SBT)法を開発し, これについて報告した. 一方, クラスII遺伝子であるHLA-DRB1についてSS-SBT法を実施するためには, HLA-DRB亜領域に存在する5種類の構造多型がPCRプライマーの設計の際に問題となる. そこで本研究では, HLA-DRB1遺伝子のエクソン2からエクソン6について, 血清学的グループ特異的に増幅させるPCR系を開発し, このPCR産物の次世代シークエンシングにより, HLA-DRB1についてambiguityを排除した8桁レベルの超高解像度DNAタイピング(SS-SBT)法を開発することを試みた. その結果, 従来法では単一のアリル判定が困難な19検体について次世代シークエンサーを用いたDNAタイピングを行ったところ, 2つのアリルを除き, 全ての検体について8桁レベルのHLA-DRB1アリルが判定された. また, この過程にて5種類の新規HLA-DRB1アリルが検出され, それらのうちの1種類はエクソン4に非同義置換を伴うものであった. したがって, 本法はambiguityの認められない8桁レベルの単一のアリルまで判定が可能なHLA-DRB1タイピングに有効であるとともに, 新規HLA-DRB1アリルやnullアリルを効率よく検出するための優れた手法であることが示唆された.
Childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease (2009)

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Many of these children have risk factors for later disease, including cardiovascular disease. For optimal cardiovascular health, health care professionals must be able to identify children and youth at risk and provide appropriate support as needed. The present article reviews the current medical literature on obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the paediatric population, the long-term cardiovascular consequences of childhood obesity and the importance of early life. Recommendations promoting optimal cardiovascular health in all children and youth are discussed.
Dealing with multi-agent coordination by anticipation: Application to the traffic simulation at junctions (2005)

In contexts of competitive multi-agent coordination in a highly dynamic environment, one of the crucial problem is the resolution of deadlocks situations. In the context of multi-agent simulation, where the perception is often local, the detection of such situation is important. This article is devoted to the proposition of a model to select actions by anticipation. We detail our model for a simulation traffic application and in particular in critical situations such as crossroad.
Nek10 Mediates G<sub>2</sub>/M Cell Cycle Arrest and MEK Autoactivation in Response to UV Irradiation (2010)

Appropriate cell cycle checkpoint control is essential for the maintenance of cell and organismal homeostasis. Members of the Nek (NIMA-related kinase) family of serine/threonine protein kinases have been implicated in the regulation of various aspects of the cell cycle. We explored the cellular functions of Nek10, a novel member of the Nek family, and demonstrate a role for Nek10 in the cellular UV response. Nek10 was required for the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling upon UV irradiation but not in response to mitogens, such as epidermal growth factor stimulation. Nek10 physically associated with Raf-1 and MEK1 in a Raf-1-dependent manner, and the formation of this complex was necessary for Nek10-mediated MEK1 activation. Nek10 did not affect the kinase activity of Raf-1 but instead promoted the autophosphorylation-dependent activation of MEK1. The appropriate maintenance of the G(2)/M checkpoint following UV irradiation required Nek10 expression and ERK1/2 activation. Taken together, our results uncover a role for Nek10 in the cellular response to UV irradiation.
Bandgap engineering in MBE grown Al<sub>1−x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>N epitaxial columnar nanostructures (2011)

Heterostructures of Al1−xGaxN (x = 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9) were fabricated on Si (1 1 1) and sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrates with AlN buffer layer using a plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) under different growth conditions. Atomic force microscopy of the top surface suggests the columnar growth of heterostructures. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy of the nanostructures shows three well distinct layers showing 3D-like columnar structure. No structural defects and imperfections have been found at the interfaces. X-ray diffraction shows Al1−xGaxN nanostructures are highly epitaxial with c-axis orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows all the fundamental electronic states of Al, Ga and N. Ultraviolet cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra measured in a wide temperature range (10–300 K) show three bands corresponding to the band-to-band transition of each subsequent Al1−xGaxN epilayer. CL imaging of Al1−xGaxN nanostructures show whitish corona surrounded by blue colour at room temperature indicating existence of different bandgap layers in the fabricated structures. Samples grown at low N flux show brighter blue emission implying oxygen related defects and/or nitrogen vacancies. The carrier concentration and mobility calculated from the Hall effect measurements agree with reported results.
Regulatory T Cells Inhibit Dendritic Cells by Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Engagement of MHC Class II (2008)

Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a CD4-related transmembrane protein expressed by regulatory T cells that binds MHC II on APCs. It is shown in this study that during Treg:DC interactions, LAG-3 engagement with MHC class II inhibits DC activation. MHC II cross-linking by agonistic Abs induces an ITAM-mediated inhibitory signaling pathway, involving FcgammaRgamma and ERK-mediated recruitment of SHP-1 that suppresses dendritic cell maturation and immunostimulatory capacity. These data reveal a novel ITAM-mediated inhibitory signaling pathway in DCs triggered by MHC II engagement of LAG-3, providing a molecular mechanism in which regulatory T cells may suppress via modulating DC function.
International Relations since the Peace Treaties (1940)

International Relations Since the Peace Treaties * International Relations Since the Peace Treaties. By Carr E. H.. Rev. ed. 1940. (London : Macmillan. 8vo. viii + 317 pp 6s.) J. Hampden Jackson J. Hampden Jackson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs Review Supplement, Volume 19, Issue 2, October 1940, Page 107, https://doi.org/10.2307/3025633 Published: 01 October 1940
Performance of feedforward and feedback systems for active control (1996)

A consistent framework is presented for the calculation of the optimal performance of feedforward and feedback control systems in attenuating random disturbances. In both cases, the optimization problem is transformed into a quadratic form using an internal model of one part of the physical system under control. The resulting architecture for the feedback controller is known as internal model control (IMC) and is widely used in the H/sub /spl infin// control literature. With this controller architecture, the optimum performance of a multichannel feedback system can be readily calculated using the quadratic optimization techniques already developed in the sampled time domain for multichannel feedforward control. The robustness of the stability of such a feedback controller to changes in the plant response can be separately assessed using a generalization of the complementary sensitivity function, which has a particularly simple form when IMC is used. The stability robustness can be improved by incorporating various forms of effort weighting into the cost function being minimized, some of which are already used for adaptive feedforward controllers. By way of example, the performance is calculated of both feedforward and feedback controllers for the active attenuation of road noise in cars. The variation of performance with loop delay is calculated for both types of control, and it is found that in this example, the potential attenuation is greatest using feedback control but only if the loop delay is less than 1.5 ms.
Skeletal stressing method and apparatus Patent (1970)

Method and apparatus for applying compressional forces to skeletal structure of subject to simulate force during ambulatory conditions
Inhibition of Renin by Heparin<sup>1</sup> (1967)

Heparin is shown to inhibit the in vitro production of angiotensin by renin. The inhibition of renin is much greater in water than in saline incubations, and is independent of the amount of renin present, but dependent on the concentration of the renin substrate. Heparin inhibition thus occurs as a consequence of reversible competition with the renin substrate for the active site of the enzyme. The data indicate that, in salt-free incubations, this inhibition may be quite specific because the binding constant for renin with heparin is nearly of the same order of magnitude as that observed for renin with its natural substrate. This action may possibly be relevant to the frequently described influence of heparin in reducing aldosterone secretion in hypertensive and edematous states.
Topological analysis of population activity in visual cortex (2008)

Information in the cortex is thought to be represented by the joint activity of neurons. Here we describe how fundamental questions about neural representation can be cast in terms of the topological structure of population activity. A new method, based on the concept of persistent homology, is introduced and applied to the study of population activity in primary visual cortex (V1). We found that the topological structure of activity patterns when the cortex is spontaneously active is similar to those evoked by natural image stimulation and consistent with the topology of a two sphere. We discuss how this structure could emerge from the functional organization of orientation and spatial frequency maps and their mutual relationship. Our findings extend prior results on the relationship between spontaneous and evoked activity in V1 and illustrates how computational topology can help tackle elementary questions about the representation of information in the nervous system.