gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved form of thermocompression bond (1965)

The mechanical reliability of both the ball and the chisel thermocompression bond, which are employed at the present time in many semiconductor devices, has been assessed by testing large numbers of sample bonds in a high speed centrifuge and in a microtensile testing machine. The rapid formation of detrimental compounds at a gold-aluminium interface prohibits the use of the gold wire-aluminium film ball bond in the fabrication of long life transistors and the all-aluminium chisel bond is considered to be relatively unreliable.
Analysis of<i>FAS3/ACC</i>regulatory region of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: identification of a functional UAS<sub>INO</sub>and sequences responsible for fatty acid mediated repression (1994)

We have determined the sequence of the FAS3/ACC regulatory region and mapped the transcription initiation site. In this sequence, there are two putative UASINO sequences. Deletion and mutation analyses revealed that the UASINO sequence at nucleotides -719 to -710 is functional. The expression of FAS3-lacZ reporter genes and the measurement of mRNA levels in regulatory mutants of phospholipid biosynthesis clearly indicated that FAS3 is regulated by inositol and choline. Previous studies have shown that the genes coding for fatty acid synthase, FAS1 and FAS2, are regulated by inositol (Chirala, S.S. [1992] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10232-10236). Thus all three genes involved in saturated fatty acid biosynthesis are coordinately regulated with phospholipid biosynthesis. Comparison of the UASINO sequences present in FAS1, FAS2, and FAS3 suggested that the functional sequence of this UAS element is YTTCACATG. However, even when the functional UASINO was mutated, substantial expression of the FAS3-lacZ reporter gene was observed. Deletion analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and expression using a heterologous reporter gene showed that the region between nucleotides -840 and -736 has two UAS elements. The same sequence seems to be responsible for fatty acid-mediated repression of FAS3. The presence of these additional UAS sequences explains why yeast does not require fatty acids even when repressing amounts of inositol and choline are present in the medium.
A Generalized Digital Predistortion Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks (2018)

In this paper, the CPWL-based DPD model in is extended to a DPD model based on artificial neural networks, where the mapping from Rn to Ct in CPWL functions is implemented by ANNs. The linearization performance of ANNs model with different activation functions is also validated with platform tests. The test results show the ANNs-based DPD model with ABS activation function can achieve similar performance as the CPWL-based DPD model. The performance of ANNs model with other activation functions (PWL, ReLU and tanh functions), is 1 ~ 2 dB worse than that of the ABS activation function.
Nutmeg as a Psychoactive Drug (1971)

(1971). Nutmeg as a Psychoactive Drug. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 3, Drug Abuse 1971, pp. 72-80.
Switching plan for a cellular mobile telephone system (1973)

Federal Communication Commission Docket 18 262 allocated a 75-MHz band to the common carriers to implement high capacity mobile telephone systems. The Bell System has proposed a cellular arrangement of low-power transmitters/receivers that permits frequency reuse in a coverage area. This method of achieving spectrum efficiency will require extensive centralized coordination and control to properly administer channel assignments and to interconnect the mobiles with each other and with the direct distance dialing (DDD) network. This can be accomplished by means of an electronic switching system (ESS) with special data terminals and trunking arrangements, and a unique program. In the proposed plan the radio sites (base stations) act effectively as remote concentrators in the frequency domain under the control of ESS, which in turn acts primarily as a trunk-to-trunk switcher. In addition to the usual switching, signaling, and supervising functions, the switching office must also perform numerous special functions including paging of mobiles, location of mobiles (signal strength and ranging data analysis), channel reassignment of mobiles, and reswitching of mobiles to various base stations-these last three occurring while customers ate talking.
Efavirenz and Fortovase. (1998)

Based on studies by DuPont Merck, the manufacturer of efavirenz (Sustiva), physicians should not prescribe efavirenz in combination therapies that use Fortovase (saquinavir) as the only protease inhibitor, unless it is the only possible alternative. The study shows that Fortovase plasma concentrations decrease by 60%, and efavirenz plasma concentrations decrease by 10%, when used in standard doses. DuPont Merck also advises against the use of any other saquinavir-containing double protease-inhibitor therapies, with the possible exception of ritonavir/saquinavir. Data is not available on the potential drug interactions when combining efavirenz, Norvir (ritonavir), and saquinavir.
Real-time information processing of environmental sensor network data using bayesian gaussian processes (2012)

In this article, we consider the problem faced by a sensor network operator who must infer, in real time, the value of some environmental parameter that is being monitored at discrete points in space and time by a sensor network. We describe a powerful and generic approach built upon an efficient multi-output Gaussian process that facilitates this information acquisition and processing. Our algorithm allows effective inference even with minimal domain knowledge, and we further introduce a formulation of Bayesian Monte Carlo to permit the principled management of the hyperparameters introduced by our flexible models. We demonstrate how our methods can be applied in cases where the data is delayed, intermittently missing, censored, and/or correlated. We validate our approach using data collected from three networks of weather sensors and show that it yields better inference performance than both conventional independent Gaussian processes and the Kalman filter. Finally, we show that our formalism efficiently reuses previous computations by following an online update procedure as new data sequentially arrives, and that this results in a four-fold increase in computational speed in the largest cases considered.
Frequency-domain precoding for single carrier frequency-division multiple access (2009)

At present there is considerable interest in the use of single carrier frequency-division multiple access. This interest is justified by the inherent single carrier structure of the SC-FDMA scheme, which is more robust against phase noise and has a lower peak-to-average power ratio than orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. This consequently makes it more attractive for uplink transmission from low-cost devices with limited transmit power. SC-FDMA commonly makes use of frequency domain linear equalization in order to combat the frequency selectivity of the transmission channel. Frequency domain decision feedback equalization, composed of a frequency domain feed forward filter and a time domain feedback filter, outperforms LE due to its ability to cancel precursor echoes. Although these solutions suffer from error propagation, results show that DFE still offers a significant performance gain over conventional LE for uncoded SC-FDMA. In this article we show how precoding can be used on the uplink of the LTE standard to overcome the frequency selective nature of the radio channel. We propose a frequency domain implementation of Tomlinson- Harashima precoding and investigate the bit error rate and the PAPR performance for SCFDMA using ZF and MMSE THP.
One-Pot Aqueous Synthesis of Fe and Ag Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2010)

This article investigates a facile one-pot method for the synthesis of Fe and Ag core/shell nanoparticles by aqueous reduction under ambient conditions. We have shown that the injection time of silver nitrate into a reaction vessel containing aqueous ferrous salt, sodium borohydride, and sodium citrate is a vital parameter for the precise control of a desired core/shell structure. For example, if silver nitrate is injected one minute after sodium borohydride is added to the reaction vessel, Ag will nucleate first followed by Fe, creating monodisperse Ag/Fe core/shell nanoparticles. In contrast, if the introduction time is prolonged to 5 min, Fe nanoparticles will nucleate followed by Ag producing Fe/Ag nanoparticles. The composition, morphology, and magnetic behavior were investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and room-temperature vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Fe/Ag core/shell nanoparticles with optical and magnetic functionality offer broad opportunities in medicine, catalysis, and chemical detection.
Spectral Selectivity Applied To Hybrid Concentration Systems (1985)

The efficiency of conversion of concentrated solar energy can be improved by separating the solar spectrum into portions matched to specific photoquantum processes and the balance used for photothermal conversion. The basic approaches of spectrally selective beam splitters are presented. A detailed simulation analysis using TRNSYS is developed for a spectrally selective hybrid photovoltaic/photothermal concentrating system. The analysis shows definite benefits to a spectrally selective approach.
The migration of neural crest cells to the wall of the digestive tract in avian embryo (1973)

ABSTRACT Isotopic and isochronic grafts of quail neural primordium in chick embryos have been made. Due to the particular structure of their nuclei, quail cells can be distinguished from chick cells and so be used as natural markers to study the migration of neural crest cells. We have been able to demonstrate by this technique that the parasympathetic enteric ganglion cells arise from two different levels of the embryonic neural axis which correspond to the vagal and lumbo-sacral parasympathetic centres. The main source of the enteric neuroblasts is located at the level of the somites 1 – 7. It gives rise to ganglion cells which migrate in the whole gut including the large intestine and rectum. The other region from which enteric neuroblasts originate is situated behind the level of the 28th somite and gives rise only to some post-umbilical gut ganglion cells. In this region of the intestine the ganglia are made up of a mixture of cells arising from the vagal and the lumbo-sacral levels of the neural axis. The part of the neural primordium between the 8th and the 28th somite does not participate in the formation of the enteric ganglia. The chronology of the enteric neuroblast migration has been studied. Most cells of vagal origin leave the neural crest before the 13-somite stage but the migration lasts sometimes until after the 16-somite stage. Those cells which have to reach the hind-gut level accomplish a long-term migration which can be evaluated at 6 days or more. The presumptive neuroblasts of lumbo-sacral origin are not found in the hind-gut before the 7th day of incubation. In our experiments we have never observed the migration of any quail cells into the endoderm of the chick host embryo. Therefore we consider that enterochromaffin cells of the digestive epithelium are not derived from the levels of the neural crest concerned in these experiments (i.e. rhombencephalic and medullary Anlagen).
Calcium Independent Contraction of Bladder Smooth Muscle (1997)

These results suggest that neither stored Ca2+ nor the Ca(2+)-calmodulin-MLCK system is involved in the carbachol-induced Ca(2+)-free contraction of detrusor muscle. This Ca(2+)-independent contraction seems to be mediated by the activation of PKC coupled with agonist stimulation of the muscarinic receptor.
Sonic-Magnetic Resonance Method: A Sourceless Porosity Evaluation in Gas-Bearing Reservoirs (2001)

Summary For environmental reasons, there are times when the use of radioactive chemical sources for density and neutron logging is not possible. The inability to use these logging tools seriously affects porosity determination in gas-bearing reservoirs. Several tools, such as the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool, the sonic tool, or a minitron-based tool, determine porosity without using a radioactive source. These tools, however, are influenced by many effects and, when used alone, cannot deliver an accurate gas-independent porosity. A new methodology that combines sonic and NMR logs for improved porosity evaluation in gas-bearing reservoirs is proposed. The first variant of the method uses the sonic compressional transit time and the total NMR porosity (ϕt,NMR) to determine the total porosity, corrected for the gas effect, and the flushed-zone gas saturation. In this approach, a linear time-averaged equation corrected for compaction is applied to the sonic compressional log. The simplicity of the solution, much like the previously published DMR1 Density-Magnetic Resonance Interpretation Method, allows fast, easy computation and a complete error analysis to assess the quality of the results. In the second variant of the method, we show that the rigorous Gassman equation has a very similar response to the Raymer-Hunt-Gardner (RHG) equation for a water/gas mixture. This allows substitution of the complex Gassman equation by the much simpler RHG equation in the combined sonic-NMR (SMR) technique to estimate total porosity and flushed-zone gas saturation in gas-bearing formations. Both techniques are successfully applied to an offshore gas well in Australia. In this well, the porosity in the well-compacted sands is in the 20 to 25 p.u. range and the compaction factor is approximately 0.77. The sonic-magnetic resonance results compared favorably to the established density-magnetic resonance results and also to core data. In another offshore gas well from the North Sea, the porosity in the highly uncompacted sands is in the 35 to 40 p.u. range, and the compaction factor is around 1.85. Both SMR techniques were able to produce a very good porosity estimate comparable to that estimated from the density-neutron logs.
Valence Bands in Lead Telluride (1961)

The magnetic field dependence of the Hall coefficient at 296° and 77°K, and the temperature dependence of the weak-field Hall coefficient and the resistivity between 296° and 77°K were studied in single-crystal samples of p-type PbTe having carrier concentrations ranging from 4.9×1017 to 1.7×1019 per cm3. The Hall data at 77°K are quantitatively consistent with magnetoresistance data which have previously established the presence of 〈111〉 ellipsoids in the valence band. They are not consistent with a low-temperature two-band model, proposed by Stiles from de Haas-van Alphen data at 4.2°K, unless the band edges lie at approximately the same energy (as Stiles found) and unless the carrier mobilities in the two bands are nearly alike. On the other hand, both the Hall and resistivity data above about 150°K do exhibit two-carrier effects suggesting the presence of a lower mobility band at an energy about 0.1 ev below those bands which are occupied at low temperatures.
An acoustic fall detector system that uses sound height information to reduce the false alarm rate (2008)

More than one third of about 38 million adults 65 and older fall each year in the United States. To address the above problem we propose to develop an acoustic fall detection system (FADE) that will automatically signal a fall to the monitoring caregiver. As opposed to many existent fall detection systems that require the monitored person to wear devices such as accelerometers or gyroscopes at all times, our system is completely unobtrusive by not requiring any wearable devices. To reduce the false alarm rate we employ an array of acoustic sensors to obtain sound source height information. The sound is considered a false alarm if it comes from a source located at a height higher than 2 feet. We tested our system in a pilot study that consisted of a set of 23 falls performed by a stunt actor during six sessions of about 15 minutes each (1.3 hours in total). The actor was previously trained by our nursing collaborators to fall like an elderly person. The use of height information reduced the false alarm hourly rate from 32 to 5 at a 100% fall detection rate.
Portability of pension benefits among jobs (1994)

The regulation of cholesterol uptake and secretion by acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was investigated in the human intestinal cell line, CaCo-2. A new ACAT inhibitor, PD128042 (CI-976), was first characterized. The addition of the fatty acid anilide to membranes prepared from CaCo-2 cells inhibited ACAT activity without altering the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, fatty acid Co-A hydrolase, or triglyceride synthetase. PD128042 was a competitive inhibitor of ACAT with 50% inhibition occurring at a concentration of 0.2 micrograms/mL. When added to the medium of CaCo-2 cells at a concentration of 5 micrograms/mL, PD128042 inhibited oleate incorporation into cholesteryl oleate by 92% and increased oleate incorporation into triglycerides and phospholipids by 51% and 38%, respectively. After incubating CaCo-2 cells with the ACAT inhibitor, the rate of newly synthesized cholesterol decreased by 75% and membranes prepared from these cells contained significantly less HMG-CoA reductase activity. PD128042 significantly decreased the basolateral secretion of newly synthesized cholesteryl esters without affecting the secretion of newly synthesized triglycerides or phospholipids. The inhibitor decreased the esterification of labeled exogenous cholesterol which was taken up by the cell from bile salt micelles. Moreover, after 16 hr of ACAT inhibition, less labeled unesterified micellar cholesterol was associated with the cell. The esterification of cholesterol in CaCo-2 cells plays an integral role in the uptake of cholesterol through the apical membrane and its eventual secretion at the basolateral membrane.
A Cellular Model for Long QT Syndrome (1997)

We demonstrated that overexpression of a cRNA encoding a truncated potassium channel polypeptide that contains the NH2 terminus and the first transmembrane segment (Kv1.1N206Tag) abolished the expression of Kv1.1 and Kv1.5 outward currents in Xenopus oocytes (Babila, T., Moscucci, A., Wang, H., Weaver, F. E. & Koren, G. (1994) Neuron 12, 615-626). Recently, we showed that expression of Kv1.1N206Tag in the heart of transgenic mice resulted in the creation of mice with prolongation of the surface electrocardiogram's QT interval (London, B., Han, X., Folco, E. & Koren, G. (1996) Biophys. J. 70, A2601). To study the dominant negative mechanism of Kv1.1N206Tag, we overexpressed it in GH3 cells, a pituitary cell line expressing Kv1. 5 and Kv1.4. RNase protection analysis comparing the steady-state levels of native Kv1.5 and Kv1.1N206Tag transcripts revealed an excess of Kv1.1N206Tag transcript. Immunoprecipitation analysis using 12CA5 monoclonal antibody detected a 25-kDa polypeptide in the transfected cells. The half-life of Kv1.1N206Tag was 2.6 h. Subcellular fractionation of cell lysates labeled with [35S]methionine revealed that Kv1.1N206Tag polypeptide is detectable in the particulate (membranous) fraction, but not in the soluble (cytosol) fraction. A series of double immunoprecipitations with 12CA5 and polyclonal antibodies against Kv1.5 and Kv1.4 revealed that Kv1.1N206Tag forms heteromultimeric complexes with the native Kv1.4 and Kv1.5 polypeptides. The steady-state levels of Kv1.5 were not affected by the overexpression of Kv1.1N206Tag. Immunofluorescence colocalization and confocal microscopy analyses revealed that Kv1.1N206TagFlag did not reach the plasma membrane, and its distribution pattern was characteristic to that of a resident endoplasmic reticulum polypeptide. Our observations establish that the negative effect of Kv1.1N206Tag is mediated by the formation of heteromultimeric complexes with the native channels and by the retention of these complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum.
특집 : 한반도 평화통일 프로세스와 중국 (2013)

냉전이 종식된 후 동북아는 다시 새로운 질서를 구축하는 시기로 접어들었는데, 동북아의 새로운 질서는 여전히 한반도를 구심점으로 하여 전개되고 있다. 북핵 문제는 한반도에 잔존한 냉전 구조에서 비롯된 것이고, 한반도에 잔존한 냉전구조는 한반도의 분열에서 비롯된 것이다. 한반도의 통일은 궁극적으로 한반도의 냉전 구조를 해체할 것이다. 그리하여 한반도의 “지정적(地政的) 의미”가 약화되고, “지경적(地經的) 의미”가 부각되면서, “소극적 평화”를 “적극적 평화”로, “불확실한 요소”를 “확실한 요소”로 전환시킬 것이다. 중국에게 있어 한반도의 통일은 근대 이후 줄곧 중국에 영향을 미쳤던 한반도 문제가 완전히 해결되는 것을 의미하고, 이는 또한 한반도가 명실상부하게 해양경제권과 대륙경제권의 연결점이 되어 동북아 경제의 일체화와 동북아의 새로운 질서 구축에 대단히 중요한 역할을 담당할 것이라는 것을 의미한다. 통일된 한반도가 중국에 대해 위협이 되는 것이 아니라 분열된 한반도야말로 중국의 안전을 위협하게 된다. 중국의 굴기와 한반도의 통일 간의 관계는 동북아 지역에서 가장 안정적인 관계라 할 것이며, 양국 관계의 정확한 정립은 동북아의 새로운 질서 구축에 큰 긍정적 힘으로 작용할 것이다.
FhuA Barrel-Cork Hybrids Are Active Transporters and Receptors (2001)

The crystal structure of Escherichia coli FhuA reveals a beta-barrel domain that is closed by a globular cork domain. It has been assumed that the proton motive force of the cytoplasmic membrane through the interaction of the TonB protein with the TonB box of the cork opens the FhuA channel. Yet, deletion of the cork results in an FhuA derivative, FhuADelta5-160, that still displays TonB-dependent substrate transport and phage receptor activity. To investigate this unexpected finding further, we constructed FhuADelta5-160 derivatives of FhuA proteins from Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Pantoea agglomerans. The FhuADelta5-160 proteins inserted correctly into the outer membrane, and with the exception of the P. agglomerans protein, transported ferrichrome and albomycin. FhuA hybrids consisting of the beta-barrel of one strain and the cork of another strain were active and showed higher TonB-dependent ferrichrome transport rates than the corkless derivatives. Exceptions were the E. coli beta-barrel/Salmonella serovar Typhimurium cork hybrid protein and the Salmonella serovar Typhimurium beta-barrel/P. agglomerans cork hybrid protein, both of which were less active than the beta-barrels alone. Each of the FhuA mutant proteins displayed activity for each of their ligands, except for phage T5, only when coupled to TonB. The hybrid FhuA proteins displayed a similar activity with the E. coli TonB protein as with their cognate TonB proteins. Sensitivity to phages T1, T5, and phi80, rifamycin CGP 4832, and colicin M was determined by the beta-barrel, whereas sensitivity to phage ES18 and microcin J25 required both the beta-barrel and cork domains. These results demonstrate that the beta-barrel domain of FhuA confers activity and specificity and responds to TonB and that the cork domains of various FhuA proteins can be interchanged and contribute to the activities of the FhuA hybrids.
Electron microscope studies of the in vitro phagocytosis of Mycobacterium spp. by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss head kidney macrophages (1998)

The cytological response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss head kidney macrophages to ingested Mycobacterium spp. was examined in vitro. Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium sp. TB267 isolated from snakehead fish Channa striata Bloch were opsonised with either fresh rainbow trout serum, serum which had been heat-inactivated, or rainbow trout antiserum against the extracellular products (ECP) of the 2 Mycobacterium spp. A monoclonal antibody against the ECP was also used as an opsonin. Suspensions of macrophages were prepared (1 ml of 1 x 10(7) cells ml-1), mixed with the opsonised bacteria (100 microliters of 2 x 10(9) ml-1), and incubated at 18 degrees C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 6 h to allow phagocytosis to occur. A quantitative evaluation of the phagocytosis of the mycobacteria by the macrophages was carried out by electron microscopy. Macrophage phagosomes and their contents were examined and numbers of intact and partially degraded bacteria determined. Pre-labelling dense granules (secondary lysosomes) with ferritin enabled phagosome lysosome fusion to be identified and their frequency determined. Opsonisation of the mycobacteria was found to greatly enhance the phagocytic and killing activity of the rainbow trout macrophages.