gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cobalt Uptake by Plants from Cobalt Impregnated Soil Minerals (1961)

Abstract A water‐soluble Co salt applied to soils will result in a greatly increased uptake by crop plants for a short period. Although most of this Co is retained in the soil it gradually becomes unavailable and its effect may entirely disappear within 10 years. Since soil minerals are important factors in the Co supply to the soil solution the relative uptake of Co from substrates containing Co‐impregnated bentonite, kaolin, hematite and muscovite treated in a manner to exclude exchangeable Co was investigated. The highest sorption of Co was found in muscovite, but the highest percentage of sorbed Co soluble in 0.1 N HCl was found in the bentonite. Ladino clover and orchardgrass absorbed several‐fold more Co from bentonite than from the other minerals, and there was a correlation between this uptake of Co and the 0.1 N HCl‐soluble Co in the bentonite‐sand culture at the conclusion of the experiment. In all cases the total uptake of Co was only a small fraction of the total supply of Co in the substrate.
Actin-resistant DNAse I Expression From Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Enhances Its Intratumoral Spread and Reduces Tumor Growth (2015)

Spread of oncolytic viruses through tumor tissue is essential to effective virotherapy. Interstitial matrix is thought to be a significant barrier to virus particle convection between "islands" of tumor cells. One way to address this is to encode matrix-degrading enzymes within oncolytic viruses, for secretion from infected cells. To test the hypothesis that extracellular DNA provides an important barrier, we assessed the ability of DNase to promote virus spread. Nonreplicating Ad5 vectors expressing actin-resistant DNase (aDNAse I), proteinase K (PK), hyaluronidase (rhPH20), and chondroitinase ABC (CABC) were injected into established DLD human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts, transcomplemented with a replicating Ad5 virus. Each enzyme improved oncolysis by the replicating adenovirus, with no evidence of tumor cells being shed into the bloodstream. aDNAse I and rhPH20 hyaluronidase were then cloned into conditionally-replicating group B adenovirus, Enadenotucirev (EnAd). EnAd encoding each enzyme showed significantly better antitumor efficacy than the parental virus, with the aDNAse I-expressing virus showing improved spread. Both DNase and hyaluronidase activity was still measurable 32 days postinfection. This is the first time that extracellular DNA has been implicated as a barrier for interstitial virus spread, and suggests that oncolytic viruses expressing aDNAse I may be promising candidates for clinical translation.
Xenotransplantation of porcine neonatal islets of Langerhans and Sertoli cells: a 4-year study (2005)

Long-term cell survival with concurrent positive effects on metabolic control are possible by this technique.
Discovery of Azaindole Ureas as a Novel Class of Bacterial Gyrase B Inhibitors (2015)

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria are widely believed to endanger human health. New drug targets and lead compounds exempt from cross-resistance with existing drugs are urgently needed. We report on the discovery of azaindole ureas as a novel class of bacterial gyrase B inhibitors and detail the story of their evolution from a de novo design hit based on structure-based drug design. These inhibitors show potent minimum inhibitory concentrations against fluoroquinolone resistant MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria.
Computation by measurements: A unifying picture (2004)

The ability to perform a universal set of quantum operations based solely on static resources and measurements presents us with a striking viewpoint for thinking about quantum computation and its powers. We consider the two major models for doing quantum computation by measurements that have hitherto appeared in the literature and show that they are conceptually closely related by demonstrating a systematic local mapping between them. This way we effectively unify the two models, showing that they make use of interchangeable primitives. With the tools developed for this mapping, we then construct more resource-effective methods for performing computation within both models and propose schemes for the construction of arbitrary graph states employing two-qubit measurements alone.
The Status of Preventive Care for the Aged (1983)

One response to the growing needs of the elderly is to expand the scope of preventive care from the younger and middle aged cohorts to include an emphasis on preventive care for older people. In the past it has been difficult to consider prevention and aging as concepts which could co-exist because we can neither cure nor prevent aging. The potential of preventive care to improve, maintain, or lessen decline in the quality of life of the elderly has not been included in the definition or mainstream of prevention activities. This study identifies and reviews research and programmatic activities which have been reported in the literature over the last ten years in the area of prevention and aging. Topical areas and methodological approaches are explored to define what has been considered appropriate preventive care for the elderly. An evaluation process, meta-analysis, is used to assess the therapeutic effect and overall effectiveness of techniques in prevention and aging. These findings can be used in formulating future initiatives related to aging and prevention.
Iodination of thymidine. Synthesis of 06,5'-cyclothymidine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIodination of thymidine. Synthesis of 06,5'-cyclothymidineDavid Lipkin and Jaime A. RabiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 13, 3309–3310Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00742a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00742a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protodeboronation of Heteroaromatic, Vinyl, and Cyclopropyl Boronic Acids: pH–Rate Profiles, Autocatalysis, and Disproportionation (2016)

pH-rate profiles for aqueous-organic protodeboronation of 18 boronic acids, many widely viewed as unstable, have been studied by NMR and DFT. Rates were pH-dependent, and varied substantially between the boronic acids, with rate maxima that varied over 6 orders of magnitude. A mechanistic model containing five general pathways (k1-k5) has been developed, and together with input of [B]tot, KW, Ka, and KaH, the protodeboronation kinetics can be correlated as a function of pH (1-13) for all 18 species. Cyclopropyl and vinyl boronic acids undergo very slow protodeboronation, as do 3- and 4-pyridyl boronic acids (t0.5 > 1 week, pH 12, 70 °C). In contrast, 2-pyridyl and 5-thiazolyl boronic acids undergo rapid protodeboronation (t0.5 ≈ 25-50 s, pH 7, 70 °C), via fragmentation of zwitterionic intermediates. Lewis acid additives (e.g., Cu, Zn salts) can attenuate (2-pyridyl) or accelerate (5-thiazolyl and 5-pyrazolyl) fragmentation. Two additional processes compete when the boronic acid and the boronate are present in sufficient proportions (pH = pKa ± 1.6): (i) self-/autocatalysis and (ii) sequential disproportionations of boronic acid to borinic acid and borane.
Ion/Electron Coupled Transport Through Polyaniline Membrane: Fast Transmembrane Redox Reactions at Neutral pH (2008)

Different oxidizing and reducing agents can be separated by a solid polymer membrane, but they still react. The possibility to conduct this type of transmembrane redox reactions coupled with electroneutral electron/chloride countertransport is demonstrated here for polyaniline (PANI) membrane doped with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA). For the 80 microm film, the transmembrane reaction rate can be as high as 5 x 10 (-8) mol/(cm (2) s) with FeCl 3 as the oxidizing and ascorbic acid as the reducing agents, which is approximately 25 times higher than described by us earlier with HCl-doped PANI membrane. Both solutions separated by the membrane with CSA can have pH near neutral, which is impossible with HCl-doping. Advanced kinetic mechanism of electron/ion coupled transport including chloride equilibrium at the interface is proposed, and major kinetic parameters are estimated. Interfacial redox rate constants (cm/s) are compared with the rate constants determined for polarized membranes by electrochemical methods and also with usual first and second order rate constants in the bulk volume. Possibility to conduct different redox reactions between substances which are not mixed and are separated by a membrane makes this new process very attractive for chemical and environmental engineering.
Spectral Identification of Specific Photophysics of Cy5 by Means of Ensemble and Single Molecule Measurements (2005)

The triplet-state characteristics of the Cy5 molecule related to trans-cis isomerization are investigated by means of ensemble and single molecule measurements. Cy5 has been used frequently in the past 10 years in single molecule spectroscopic applications, e.g., as a probe or fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptor in large biomolecules. However, the unknown spectral properties of the triplet state and the lack of knowledge on the photoisomerization do not allow us to interpret precisely the unexpected single molecule behaviors. This limits the application of Cy5. The laser photolysis experiments demonstrate that the trans triplet state of Cy5 absorbs about 625 nm, the cis ground state absorbs about 690 nm, and the cis triplet state also absorbs about 690 nm. In other words, the T1-Tn absorptions largely overlap the ground-state absorptions for both trans and cis isomers, respectively. Furthermore, the observation of the cis triplet state indicates an important isomerization pathway from the trans-S1 state to the cis-T1 state upon excitation. The detailed spectra presented in this article let us clearly interpret the exact mechanisms responsible for several important and unexpected photophysical behaviors of single Cy5 molecules such as reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the observation of dim states with a lower emission intensity and slightly red-shifted fluorescence, and unusual energy transfer from donor molecules to dark Cy5 molecules acting as acceptors in single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. Spectral results show that the dim state in the single molecule fluorescence intensity time traces originated from cis-Cy5 because of a lower excitation rate, resulting from the red-shifted ground-state absorption of cis-Cy5 compared to that of the trans-Cy5.
Attraction ofRhagoletis pomonella(Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies to Odor of Bacteria: Apparent Confinement to Specialized Members of Enterobacteriaceae (1998)

Dominant species of bacteria isolated from leaves and fruit of pesticide-free MacIntosh apple trees, and chicken and barn swallow feces, were tested for attractancy to apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). The flies demonstrated a distinct preference for odor emitted by certain members of the Enterobacteriaceae but not for odor emitted by certain members of the Streptococcaceae or Pseudomonadales. Both attractive and nonattractive strains of Enterobacter agglomerans were obtained, suggesting intraspecific variation in attractiveness.
HPV-16 E7 or adenovirus E1A can overcome the growth arrest of cells immortalized with a temperature-sensitive p53. (1993)

Rat embryo fibroblasts immortalized with a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant and ras rapidly stop proliferating at 33 degrees C. Expression of the viral oncoproteins human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 or adenovirus E1A efficiently overcame this growth arrest, although cells rescued by E7 or E1A displayed no detectable changes in p53 expression. Co-transfection of HPV-16 E6, which binds and directs the degradation of human p53, affected neither growth of the cells at 33 degrees C nor the amount or conformation of the p53 protein, possibly reflecting an inability of E6 to interact with mouse p53 in rodent cells. Our results suggest either that the temperature-sensitive p53 failed to regain full wild-type suppressor activity at 33 degrees C or that E7 and E1A can modulate wild-type p53 growth-suppressor activity without altering the conformation or stability of the protein.
A Polish pedigree with Alzheimer's disease determined by a novel mutation in exon 12 of the presenilin 1 gene: clinical and molecular characterization. (1999)

The presenilin 1 (PS-1) gene, recently identified on chromosome 14q24.3, is a major gene involved into the autosomal dominant forms of early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Mutations of the PS-1 gene are responsible for the majority of familial EOAD. We found a novel mutation in a Polish family with EOAD from the Poznań region. The mutation at codon 424 in exon 12 of the PS-1 gene leads to an amino acid substitution Leu-Arg in a transmembrane domain VIII of the presenilin 1 molecule. The change is predicted to have a drastic effect on the protein function because it is associated with a very early age of onset (a range of 30-35 years) and a quick progression (about a 4-5 years duration) of the disease.
Molecular basis of polymorphisms of human complement component C3. (1990)

C3 exhibits two common allotypic variants that may be separated by gel electrophoresis and are called C3 fast (C3 F) and C3 slow (C3 S). C3 F, the less common variant, occurs at appreciable frequencies only in Caucasoid populations (gene frequency = 0.20). An increased prevalence of the C3 F allele has been reported in patients with partial lipodystrophy, IgA nephropathy, and Indian childhood hepatic cirrhosis. Studies of the genomic organization of the human C3 gene led to the identification of a single change (C to G) between C3 S and C3 F at nucleotide 364 in exon 3. This leads, at the translation level, to the substitution of an arginine residue (positively charged) in C3 S for a glycine residue (neutral) in C3 F. This substitution results in a polymorphic restriction site for the enzyme HhaI. The resulting restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was investigated using genomic DNA, amplified using the polymerase chain reaction; there was absolute concordance between the genomic polymorphism and the distribution of C3 S and C3 F in 50 normal subjects. The molecular basis of a second structural polymorphism, defined by the monoclonal antibody HAV 4-1, was also characterized. The polymorphic determinant was identified at codon 314 in the exon 9 of the beta chain where a leucine residue (HAV 4-1+) is substituted for a proline residue (HAV 4-1-). Identification of the amino acid sequences of these polymorphic variants will facilitate characterization of possible functional differences between different allotypes of C3. Three RFLPs (BamHI, EcoRI, and SstI) were located to introns in the C3 gene. There was no allelic association between these three RFLPs, or between the RFLPs and the C3 F/S polymorphic site. Genetic equilibration of these polymorphisms has occurred within a gene of 41 kb.
Multiple sequence alignment by consensus (1986)

An algorithm for multiple sequence alignment is given that matches words of length and degree of mismatch chosen by the user. The alignment maximizes an alignment scoring function. The method is based on a novel extension of our consensus sequence methods. The algorithm works for both DNA and protein sequences, and from earlier work on consensus sequences, it is possible to estimate statistical significance.
Docosahexaenoic acid-containing choline phospholipid modulates LPS-induced neuroinflammation in vivo and in microglia in vitro (2017)

These results highlight the potency of administered DHA-acetylated to phospholipids-to rapidly regulate LPS-induced neuroinflammatory processes through their effect on microglia. In particular, both IL-6 production and signaling are targeted by AceDoPC in microglia.
An examination of cathode-ray-tube screen characteristics (1946)

The development of cathode-ray tubes for radar has demanded improved screen performance. A wider range of screen types was found to be necessary, and many of these types were of a complex character.This paper deals with the general problems of screen design, with the exception of problems of afterglow, which are treated elsewhere. The approach to the problem has been photometric, and less emphasis is placed upon the electrical characteristics of screens than upon their optical properties.A range of luminescent materials was examined, and their luminous efficiency measured under the conditions of screen voltage and beam-current density normally met with in practice. The effect of various common methods of screen preparation upon colour and efficiency was studied, and also the various causes of loss of luminous output.A study of the optical properties of screens was undertaken with reference to methods of measuring and specifying screen thickness, and to the effect of the texture of the screen upon its value as a radar indicator.
Estimation of parameters and eigenmodes of multivariate autoregressive models (2001)

Dynamical characteristics of a complex system can often be inferred from analysis of a stochastic time series model fitted to observations of the system. Oscillations in geophysical systems, for example, are sometimes characterized by principal oscillation patterns, eigenmodes of estimated autoregressive (AR) models of first order. This paper describes the estimation of eigenmodes of AR models of arbitrary order. AR processes of any order can be decomposed into eigenmodes with characteristic oscillation periods, damping times, and excitations. Estimated eigenmodes and confidence intervals for the eigenmodes and their oscillation periods and damping times can be computed from estimated models parameters. As a computationally efficient method of estimating the parameters of AR models from high-dimensional data, a stepwise least squares algorithm is proposed. This algorithm computes models of successively decreasing order. Numerical simulations indicate that, with the least squares algorithm, the AR model coefficients and the eigenmodes derived from the coefficients and eigenmodes are rough approximations of the confidence intervals inferred from the simulaitons.
Isothiocyanate‐rich <i>Moringa oleifera</i> extract reduces weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice (2015)

Data suggest that MICs are the main anti-obesity and anti-diabetic bioactives of MC, and that they exert their effects by inhibiting rate-limiting steps in liver gluconeogenesis resulting in direct or indirect increase in insulin signaling and sensitivity. These conclusions suggest that MC may be an effective dietary food for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Adsorbate-Induced Alloy Phase Separation: A Direct View by High-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2005)

The influence of high pressures of carbon monoxide (CO) on the stability of a Au/Ni(111) surface alloy has been studied by high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We show that CO induces a phase separation of the surface alloy at high pressures, and by means of time-lapsed STM movies we find that Ni atoms are removed from the surface layer during the process. Density functional theory calculations reveal the thermodynamic driving force for the phase separation to be the Au-induced compression of the CO overlayer with a resulting CO-CO repulsion. Furthermore, the atomistic mechanism of the process is shown to be kink-site carbonyl formation and evaporation which is found to be enhanced by the presence of Au.
A comparison between different PMD compensation techniques (2002)

We quantify the benefits of using different techniques for compensation of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in fiber-optic communication systems by means of numerical simulations. This is done both with respect to PMD-induced pulse broadening and in terms of system outage probability for different data formats [nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ)]. Attention is focused on simple and relevant single- and double-stage post-transmission compensators with a few degrees of freedom (DOF). It is generally believed that a PMD compensator with a polarization controller and a variable delay line can only compensate the PMD to the first order. We show, from analytical results, the counterintuitive fact that this scheme can also partially compensate for higher order PMD. We also investigate the benefit of using a polarizer as compensation element where the optical average power can be used as a feedback signal.
Strategies to improve recruitment to research studies (2002)

Background:\nRecruiting participants to trials can be extremely difficult. Identifying strategies that improve trial recruitment would benefit both trialists and health research.\n\nObjectives:\nTo quantify the effects of strategies for improving recruitment of participants to randomised trials. A secondary objective is to assess the evidence for the effect of the research setting (e.g. primary care versus secondary care) on recruitment.\n\nSearch methods:\nWe searched the Cochrane Methodology Review Group Specialised Register (CMR) in the Cochrane Library (July 2012, searched 11 February 2015); MEDLINE and MEDLINE In Process (OVID) (1946 to 10 February 2015); Embase (OVID) (1996 to 2015 Week 06); Science Citation Index & Social Science Citation Index (ISI) (2009 to 11 February 2015) and ERIC (EBSCO) (2009 to 11 February 2015).\n\nSelection criteria:\nRandomised and quasi-randomised trials of methods to increase recruitment to randomised trials. This includes non-healthcare studies and studies recruiting to hypothetical trials. We excluded studies aiming to increase response rates to questionnaires or trial retention and those evaluating incentives and disincentives for clinicians to recruit participants.\n\nData collection and analysis:\nWe extracted data on: the method evaluated; country in which the study was carried out; nature of the population; nature of the study setting; nature of the study to be recruited into; randomisation or quasi-randomisation method; and numbers and proportions in each intervention group. We used a risk difference to estimate the absolute improvement and the 95% confidence interval (CI) to describe the effect in individual trials. We assessed heterogeneity between trial results. We used GRADE to judge the certainty we had in the evidence coming from each comparison.