gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual‐band microstrip‐to‐coplanar stripline Wilkinson balun using composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission lines and its application in feeding dual‐band bow‐tie antenna (2014)

Using a composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission lines, a dual‐band microstrip‐to‐coplanar stripline balun is proposed that presents the benefits of bandwidth enlargement, excellent isolation and equal power split between output ports in the two passbands. Also, the dual‐band nature of the balun, close space between output ports and ease of integration with a printed antenna in a compact size make it well suited for feeding dual‐band planar two‐wire antennas. As an example of an application, the proposed balun is designed and fabricated to work at two arbitrary frequency bands, 0.9 and 1.8 GHz. There is a good agreement between the measured and predicted results, which verifies the proposed design methodology. The fabricated balun shows a measured differential output phase bandwidth (180° ± 10°) of 22.95% and 18.76% for the first and second frequency bands, respectively. Moreover, this device is shown to have enhanced bandwidth performance in both isolation and 3‐dB magnitude balance. To validate the performance of the proposed balun, the balun is employed to feed a dual‐band metamaterial‐loaded bow‐tie antenna. The experimental results show that the return losses for both the operating bands remain below 10 dB. Likewise, the dual‐band bow‐tie antenna provides quasi‐omnidirectional radiation over the frequency bands.
Role of Gluconic Acid Production in the Regulation of Biocontrol Traits of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> CHA0 (2009)

The rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 promotes the growth of various crop plants and protects them against root diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. The main mechanism of disease suppression by this strain is the production of the antifungal compounds 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) and pyoluteorin (PLT). Direct plant growth promotion can be achieved through solubilization of inorganic phosphates by the production of organic acids, mainly gluconic acid, which is one of the principal acids produced by Pseudomonas spp. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of gluconic acid production in CHA0. Therefore, mutants were created with deletions in the genes encoding glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) and gluconate dehydrogenase (gad), required for the conversion of glucose to gluconic acid and gluconic acid to 2-ketogluconate, respectively. These enzymes should be of predominant importance for rhizosphere-colonizing biocontrol bacteria, as major carbon sources provided by plant root exudates are made up of glucose. Our results show that the ability of strain CHA0 to acidify its environment and to solubilize mineral phosphate is strongly dependent on its ability to produce gluconic acid. Moreover, we provide evidence that the formation of gluconic acid by CHA0 completely inhibits the production of PLT and partially inhibits that of DAPG. In the Deltagcd mutant, which does not produce gluconic acid, the enhanced production of antifungal compounds was associated with improved biocontrol activity against take-all disease of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. This study provides new evidence for a close association of gluconic acid metabolism with antifungal compound production and biocontrol activity in P. fluorescens CHA0.
La dégradation des métaux protégés par peinture (1996)

La protection des materiaux metalliques constitue un large champ d'investigation, ou les fabricants et utilisateurs de peintures aussi bien que les chercheurs doivent agir ensemble. Nous presentons ici les tests habituels utilises pour caracteriser la qualite des films organiques et la resistance a la corrosion du metal sous le film. Les methodes d'etude peuvent etre divisees en trois groupes : tests mecaniques et tests de corrosion non-electrochimiques, relativement rapides, generalement utilises par les fabricants et utilisateurs industriels, et les tests electrochimiques. Ces derniers sont utilises de facon preferentielle, pour evaluer la performance et le comportement des films en relation avec la corrosion du metal. Cependant, ces methodes ne permettent souvent pas de predire exactement le comportement des systemes metal/film organique, et des efforts importants ont ete faits sur la surete des mesures electrochimiques pour trouver une correlation avec le vieillissement naturel. En effet, ces mesures trouvent leur signification d'une part dans la degradation naturelle des films organiques et d'autre part dans la reactivite de l'interface, en tenant compte des phenomenes synergiques qui apparaissent. C'est pourquoi, en depit de travaux considerables realises dans ce domaine, des tests d'exposition en temps et sites reels demeurent infiniment plus surs, quand il s'agit de selectionner des systemes de peinture pour une application speciale. (Titre en anglais : Study methods of the corrosion resistance of metals protected by paints).
On the Synthesis of Signal Switching Networks with Transient Blocking (1967)

Signal switching networks with transient blocking are defined. The number of 2×2 crossbars necessary to synthesize a signal switching network with transient blocking capable of performing all one-to-one connections of N inputs to N outputs is shown to be at least N log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N-N log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> e+(½) log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N + log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> 2 + 0(1) as N→ ∞. It is shown that this lower bound can never be attained for N>2. An algorithm for building a network using at most 2N log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N 2×2 crossbars is described. If N is a power of 2, N = 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> , then the algorithm described requires N log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N-N+1 2×2 crossbars, which is close to the theoretical minimum. Generalizations of this work to networks performing an arbitrary permutation group of connections of inputs to outputs are indicated. Explicit results are obtained in the case of Abelian groups.
Prognostic factors in astrocytomas: relationship of p53, MDM-2, BCL-2 and PCNA immunohistochemical expression to tumor grade and overall patient survival. (1997)

The immunohistochemically detected expression of p53, BCL-2, MDM-2 and PCNA proteins in samples of tumor tissues of 42 patients with astrocytomas or glioblastoma multiforme was statistically compared to degree of malignancy and overall survival. We found relation between p53 protein expression and survival in the high grade astrocytomas group (more cases of p53 immunonegative tumors with longer survival), and significantly higher BCL-2 protein expression as well as significantly higher MDM-2 protein expression in the group of low grade astrocytomas. PCNA protein expression showed any relation to tumor grade or survival. Despite the rather small number of samples these results support the hypothesis that MDM-2 protein may be a potent regulator of functional p53, expressed in low grade astrocytoma only.
Propositions and Sentences (1971)

This chapter begins with a discussion of an obvious error, namely the error that whenever we think something, what we think is a sentence. It provides an account of truth and falsehood as applied not merely to propositions, i.e., to what we believe or assert, but also as applied to particular believing and assertings. It discusses relations contained in attitude-functions and thinking about abstract objects.
Modeling on quicksand (2012)

Researchers studying the interdomain routing system, its properties and new protocols, face many challenges in performing realistic evaluations and simulations. Modeling decisions with respect to AS-level topology, routing policies and traffic matrices are complicated by a scarcity of ground truth for each of these components. Moreover, scalability issues arise when attempting to simulate over large (although still incomplete) empirically-derived AS-level topologies. In this paper, we discuss our approach for analyzing the robustness of our results to incomplete empirical data. We do this by (1) developing fast simulation algorithms that enable us to (2) running multiple simulations with varied parameters that test the sensitivity of our research results.
Lipolytic Activity of Microorganisms at Low and Intermediate Temperatures. III. Activity of Microbial Lipases at Temperatures Below 0°C (1961)

SUMMARY The lipolytic activity at ‐7, ‐18, and ‐29°C of strains of Pseudomonas fragi, Staphylococcus aureus, Geotrichum candidum, Candida lipolytica, Penicillium roqueforti , and an unidentified Penicillium sp. in emulsions of corn oil, coconut oil, and lard was determined. The action was measured by titratable acidity and by quantitative determination of the fatty acids by chromatography. The lipases from these microorganisms showed considerable activity within 2‐4 days at ‐7°C and within a week at ‐18°C. Activity at ‐29°C was evident within 3 weeks by some of the cultures, particularly on corn oil. The rate of lipolysis in frozen substrates was directly related to their degree of unsaturation. However, there also were differences among genera. The lipase of G. candidum had considerably more specificity for oleic and linoleic acids than any of the others. P. fragi and C. lipolytica were least able to attack the β‐esterified palmitic acid of lard. The ability of S. aureus to attack this position readily at 35° C was nullified by lowering the temperature to –18° C. A similar effect was observed on the mold lipase.
Approximate methods for predicting interlaminar shear stiffness of laminated and sandwich beams (1993)

Several approximate closed form expressions exist in the literature for predicting the effective interlaminar shear stiffness (G 13 ) of laminated composite beams. The accuracy of these approximate methods depends on the number of layers present in the laminated beam, the relative layer thickness and layer stacking sequence, and the beam length to depth ratio (L/h). The objective of this work is to evaluate approximate methods for predicting G 13 by comparing its predictions with that of an accurate method, and then find the range (in terms of number of layers, its stacking sequence in a laminate, etc.) where the simple closed form expressions for predicting G 13 can be applicable
Mitotic progression in stamen hair cells of Tradescantia is accelerated by treatment with ruthenium red and Bay K-8644. (1987)

The normally predictable duration of metaphase in stamen hair cells from the spiderwort, Tradescantia virginiana, is shortened significantly by treatment during prometaphase with either ruthenium red or Bay K-8644. Ruthenium red is an inhibitor of Ca2+ translocation and Bay K-8644 is a Ca2+-channel agonist. Their action on mitotic progression appears to involve a rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ level that in turn has a pronounced effect on the duration of metaphase. The timing of addition of ruthenium red for accelerated progression through metaphase is less critical than that for Bay K-8644 which will promote metaphase progression only if added 0 to 12 min after nuclear envelope breakdown. In contrast, ruthenium red can be added at any time from approximately 10 min prior to nuclear envelope breakdown up to 25 min afterward. A reduction of extracellular Ca2+ is sufficient by itself to prolong the duration of metaphase in stamen hair cells, but the duration of metaphase by ruthenium red or Bay K-8644 is significantly shortened in identical solutions with Ca2+ buffered at levels greater than 1 microM. Metaphase progression rates with either agent are independent of changes in extracellular Mg2+ levels. Correlated with the precocious entry into anaphase was rapid formation of the spindle and a marked reduction in spindle rotation during metaphase. Interestingly, we observed a modest increase in the rate of anaphase chromosome separation, but the appearance of cell plate vesicles at the site of incipient cell plate formation occurred normally approximately 19 min after anaphase onset. Similarly, the initial appearance of cell plate vesicles in Bay K-8644 was normal, approximately 19 min after the onset of anaphase. These results further implicate shifts in cytosolic Ca2+ in the regulation of mitotic events.
Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring: Review and outlook (2011)

Consumer systems for home energy management can provide significant energy saving. Such systems may be based on nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM). This paper reviews algorithmic principles of consumer systems for NIALM in residential buildings.
A Bayesian pharmacometric approach for personalized medicine &#x2014; A proof of concept study with simulated data (2009)

The objective of this research program is to optimize drug dose regimen for an individual, using minimally invasive clinical testing, in order to reduce both the total cost of treatment and the risk for over or under-medication using a Bayesian modeling approach. The challenge is to extract the PharmacoKinetic/PharmacoDynamic(PK/PD) parameters for an individual from population level plasma concentration information gathered in clinical trials along with one or two plasma samples from an individual and use these personalized parameters in determining most appropriate dose regimen for a specific patient. In this study we illustrate the plausibility of our methodology through a proof-of-concept study with simulated data.
Specifying System Requirements Using the 5S Method (2006)

Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact
Bandwidth efficient hybrid ARQ schemes using turbo codes (2002)

New bandwidth efficient Type-I and Type-II hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes using turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) are proposed. These schemes combine the power-efficiency of turbo codes with the bandwidth efficiency of trellis coded modulation (TCM) to give efficient FEC/ARQ system designs.
Through Casing Resistivity Measurements and their Interpretation for Hydrocarbon Saturations (1995)

Abstract Through casing resistivity logs obtained at three different wells are reviewed including the logs from a blind test. The physics necessary to interpret the data is presented in brief form and future corrections to data are discussed. Anticipated applications for the technology are described.
Characterization of Hydra Type IV Collagen (2000)

Hydra vulgaris mesoglea is a primitive basement membrane that also exhibits some features of an interstitial matrix. We have characterized cDNAs that encode the full-length hydra alpha1(IV) chain. The 5169-base pair transcript encodes a protein of 1723 amino acids, including an interrupted 1455-residue collagenous domain and a 228-residue C-terminal noncollagenous domain. N-terminal sequence analyses of collagen IV peptides suggest the molecule is homotrimeric. Denatured hydra type IV collagen protein occurs as dimers and higher order aggregates held together by nonreducible cross-links. Hydra collagen IV exhibits no functional evidence for the presence of a 7 S domain. Type IV collagen is expressed by the ectoderm along the entire longitudinal axis of the animal but is most intense at the base of the tentacles at the site of battery cell transdifferentiation. Antisense studies show that inhibition of collagen IV translation causes a blockage in head regeneration, indicating its importance in normal hydra development. Exposure of adult hydra to 15 mm glucose resulted in up-regulation of type IV collagen mRNA levels within 48 h and significant thickening of the mesoglea within 14 days, suggesting that basement membrane thickening seen in diabetes may be, in evolutionary terms, an ancient glucose-mediated response.
Kinetics of Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Furfuraldehyde to Furfuryl Alcohol over a Pt/C Catalyst (2003)

The kinetics of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of furfuraldehyde to furfuryl alcohol over a 5% Pt/C catalyst was studied in a slurry reactor. The solvent used was a mixture of 2-propanol and water (12.4% w/w). At the temperatures (403−448 K) and pressures (1.03−2.06 MPa) studied, all mass-transfer resistances (gas−liquid, liquid−solid, and intraparticle diffusion) were absent. The initial rate data were analyzed using a power-law model. The initial rates increased almost linearly with hydrogen concentration at all temperatures. The reaction showed a zeroth-order dependence with respect to furfuraldehyde above a feed concentration of 0.13 kmol m-3. Below this value, the order was found to be 0.86. Therefore, a Langmuir−Hinshelwood-type model for a dual-site mechanism with molecular adsorption of all species was proposed, and this model provided the best fit of the experimental data. Catalyst reusability studies showed that the catalyst could be reused without any adverse effects.
Fast plasma heating in a cone-attached geometry—towards fusion ignition (2004)

We have developed a PW (0.5 ps/500J) laser system to demonstrate fast heating of imploded core plasmas using a hollow cone shell target. Significant enhancement of thermal neutron yield has been realized with PW-laser heating, confirming that the high heating efficiency is maintained as the short-pulse laser power is substantially increased to a value nearly equivalent to the ignition condition. It appears that the efficient heating is realized by the guiding of the PW laser pulse energy within the hollow cone and by self-organized relativistic electron transport. Based on the experimental results, we are developing a 10kJ-PW laser system to study the fast heating physics of high-density plasmas at an ignition-equivalent temperature.
꼬여진 자기장 내에서 세 개의 중성미자의 진동 (1995)

변화하는 밀도와 구성의 물질내에서 마요라나(Majorana)중성업자의 진동에 관한 현상을 세 개의 랩톤 세대의 경우에 대하여 연구하였다. 물질과 꼬여진 자기장 내에서 중성미자의 섞임 행렬(neutrino mixing matrix)에 대한 완전한 식은 얻어진다. 중성미자의 진행하는 경로를 따라 변화하는 자기장방향의 실제적인 경우에서 정성적으로 새로운 현상이 가능하게 된다. MSW 효과와 RSFP와 중성미자와 반 중성미자의 천이이다.
Adding Semantics to Email Clustering (2006)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to cluster emails according to their contents and the sentence styles of their subject lines. In our algorithm, natural language processing techniques and frequent itemset mining techniques are utilized to automatically generate meaningful generalized sentence patterns (GSPs) from subjects of emails. Then we put forward a novel unsupervised approach which treats GSPs as pseudo class labels and conduct email clustering in a supervised manner, although no human labeling is involved. Our proposed algorithm is not only expected to improve the clustering performance, it can also provide meaningful descriptions of the resulted clusters by the GSPs. Experimental results on open dataset (Enron email dataset) and a personal email dataset collected by ourselves demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the K-means algorithm in terms of the popular measurement Fl. Furthermore, the cluster naming readability is improved by 68.5% on the personal email dataset.
Cyclooxygenase-2 and atherosclerosis (2002)

Cyclooxygenase regulates the production of eicosanoids, which modulate physiologic processes in the vessel wall contributing to atherosclerosis and thrombosis, including platelet aggregation, control of vascular tone, and the local inflammatory response. Cyclooxygenase-1 mediates production of platelet thromboxane A(2), a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist, whereas both cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 contribute to production of endothelial prostacyclin, a vasodilator that inhibits platelet activation. Concerns have been raised that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may increase thrombotic cardiovascular events by disturbing the balance between platelet thromboxane A(2) and endothelial prostacyclin, but this controversial issue will only be resolved by prospective clinical trials. Because cyclooxygenase-2 is upregulated in activated monocyte/macrophages, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we have recently tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 in LDL-receptor deficient mice would reduce early atherosclerosis. After 6 weeks on a Western-type diet, male LDL-receptor deficient mice treated with either rofecoxib (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) or indomethacin (a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) had significant reductions in atherosclerosis when compared with control mice. Also, LDL-receptor deficient mice null for macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 were generated by fetal liver cell transplantation and developed significantly less atherosclerosis than control LDL-receptor deficient mice transplanted with fetal liver cells wildtype for cyclooxygenase-2, providing genetic evidence in support of a proatherogenic role for macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 expression. These results support the potential of antiinflammatory approaches for the prevention of atherosclerosis and identify cyclooxygenase-2 as a target for intervention.
Room-temperature hydrogen storage characteristics of ZnO nanowires (2003)

Massive ZnO nanowires with the mean diameter of 20 nm have been rapid synthesized by evaporation of metal zinc at 900 °C in the quartz tube. Metal catalyst, graphite additive, and vacuum are not necessary, and, more importantly, it is very convenient and effective for large-scale industrialization. The hydrogen storage characteristics of the synthesized ZnO nanowires are investigated at room temperature. The highest storage capacity of 0.83 wt% is achieved under the pressure of about 3.03 Mpa, and about 71% of the stored hydrogen can be released under ambient pressure at room temperature.
Temperature dependence of the spectral characteristics of distributed-feedback resonators (2018)

We characterize the spectral response of a distributed-feedback resonator when subject to a thermal chirp. An Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> rib waveguide with a corrugated surface Bragg grating inscribed into its SiO<sub>2</sub> top cladding is experimentally investigated. We induce a near-to-linear temperature gradient along the resonator, leading to a similar variation of the grating period, and characterize its spectral response in terms of wavelength and linewidth of the resonance peak. Simulations are carried out, showing good agreement with the experimental results and indicating that the wavelength of the resonance peak is a result only of the total accumulated phase shift. For any chirp profile we are able to calculate the reflectivities at the resonance wavelength, and this information largely explains how the linewidth of the resonance changes. This result shows that the increase in linewidth is governed by the increase of the resonator outcoupling losses.
The Theoretical Study on the Behavior of Movement of Zone in Chromatography. (1961)

クロマトグラフ吸着帯の挙動を理論的に検討し,一定吸着系においても,吸着等温式f(c)がf″(c)＜0型の通常の吸着系において, 移動率R は試料溶液の濃度, その注入量, 展開量等によって異なることを示すとともに, その相互関係を明らかにし, クロマトグラフ操作を「成長」, 「保持展開」, 「自由展開」の3 段階に分類することが理論的かつ実用上便宜であることを示した。すなわち, 移動率は, 「成長」および「保持展開」の2 段階では一定値( 成長率Rg) を与えるが,「自由展開」においては漸次減少して一定値を示さない。更に,移動率の一般式を導出し,かつ,溶液注入量ν0と保持展開量との和のν0に対する倍率を「固有展開比」Eと命名定義した。Rgは吸着量f(c0)に依存するが,Eはf(c)の形状に支配される。f(c)=kcn の場合は,E = 1/{(1-n) (1-Rg)}となる。したがって,f(c)がFreundlich型の時では,RgとEを測定すればf(c)が算出出来る。これらの理論的考察は三つの系で実験的に例証された。