gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Blockchain Can Shape Sustainable Global Value Chains: An Evidence, Verifiability, and Enforceability (EVE) Framework (2018)

Law, regulation, and private standards have evolved to enhance sustainability in value chains. However, the volume of hard and soft laws has created complexity and fragmentation for consumers and firms. In addition, global value chains are increasingly disaggregated, making it difficult for consumers to enforce breaches of sustainability representations. Blockchain, as an immutable and digital record keeping system, is a tool that can deal with this growing complexity in global value chains. Documents verifying sustainability that were once in the private domain and stored in paper copy can now be made accessible in a secure and transparent blockchain platform. Despite a growing interest in the potential of blockchain to transform businesses, there are few concrete examples or scholarly literature showing how blockchain is operationalized in practice. Using a “conceptual framework analysis” approach, we develop an Evidence, Verifiability, and Enforceability (EVE) framework to illustrate how blockchain can enhance sustainability by providing information to consumers on the origin of products, assurances as to the veracity of the information, and a mechanism to enforce representations through the blockchain smart contract function. However, there need to be safeguards put in place for blockchain technology to meet its promise and we discuss some of these challenges.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (1990)

Long-term extracranial shunting for hydrocephalus has numerous drawbacks related to shunt malfunction and infection. In some cases outcome has been very disappointing. We successfully managed 5 patients with acquired aqueductal stenoses with no significant morbidity by the use of an intracranial cerebrospinal fluid diversion, namely a third ventriculostomy. First advocated by Dandy, ventriculostomy was largely passed over in favor of extracranial procedures. With improved surgical techniques, however, ventriculostomy is now considered to be a viable alternative in selected cases. In a further 19 patients, we subsequently broadened our patient selection to include those with Arnold-Chiari malformations, congenital noncommunicating hydrocephalus, and tumors. Two thirds of these children remain without shunts and apart from 1 child developing hemiplegia postoperatively, there has been no significant morbidity. Although the best results have been seen in the late onset groups, even early onset, noncommunicating hydrocephalus has been successfully managed. Even in patients in whom third ventriculostomy has failed and who have subsequently required ventriculoperitoneal shunts, we anticipate that they will remain less dependent on shunts because their hydrocephalus is now communicating, which tends not to have such a rapid onset or extreme levels of raised intracranial pressure.
Restriction map of the 125-kilobase plasmid of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis carrying the genes that encode delta-endotoxins active against mosquito larvae (1996)

A large plasmid containing all delta-endotoxin genes was isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis; restricted by BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI, SacI, and SalI; and cloned as appropriate libraries in Escherichia coli. The libraries were screened for inserts containing recognition sites for BamHI, SacI, and SalI. Each was labeled with 32P and hybridized to Southern blots of gels with fragments generated by cleaving the plasmid with several restriction endonucleases, to align at least two fragments of the relevant enzymes. All nine BamHI fragments and all eight SacI fragments were mapped in two overlapping linkage groups (with total sizes of about 76 and 56 kb, respectively). The homology observed between some fragments is apparently a consequence of the presence of transposons and repeated insertion sequences. Four delta-endotoxin genes (cryIVB-D and cytA) and two genes for regulatory polypeptides (of 19 and 20 kDa) were localized on a 21-kb stretch of the plasmid; without cytA, they are placed on a single BamHI fragment. This convergence enables subcloning of delta-endotoxin genes (excluding cryIVA, localized on the other linkage group) as an intact natural fragment.
Molecular cloning of the complete genome of strain GDVII of Theiler's virus and production of infectious transcripts (1989)

We constructed a complete cDNA clone of strain GDVII of Theiler's virus in Bluescript plasmid. This recombinant plasmid, called pTMGDVII, was used to synthesize full-length RNA transcripts of the viral insert. This RNA was infectious for BHK cells. Virus R1-GDVII, obtained from transfected BHK cells, caused rapidly fatal encephalomyelitis in BALB/c mice. High amounts of viral antigens were present in neurons. No antigens were found in white matter. Therefore, the phenotype of R1-GDVII was indistinguishable from that of genuine GDVII Theiler's virus.
Grid-side control of inverters for power generation in microgrids (2014)

Within a microgrid, the inverters of energy-generation and storage systems are required to comply with a specific local grid code. Additionally, they need to have the ability for off-grid operation in combination with other generation systems as well as for changing the operation mode and synchronizing the island grid while running. This article describes implemented concepts for the grid-side inverter control of an established electric drive system. Its microgrid functionality is demonstrated by a shaft-generator application used in ships.
On the Origin of the Term Calypso (1967)

In his follow-up article on the etymology of calypso, Daniel J. Crowley (1966:81-82) mentioned three sources which he hoped might eventually help to establish the origin of this elusive word. One source is the lost manuscript on the History of Calypso by Raymond Quevedo who, as Atilla the Hun, was a leading calypso singer during the 1930 to 1950 period. The second source is Jacob D. Elder's study on the evolution of the calypso as indicative of status change in the Trinidad Negro. The third is my own research into the problem. I have not seen Elder's recently completed thesis but from earlier discussions with him I gathered he was not attempting to establish the origin of the term calypso. Although Atilla's manuscript has been reported lost, several important sections have appeared in print (Quevedo 1962, 1964), and I have seen enough of the unpublished parts in various stages of composition to say that he advances no conclusive evidence on the question. The closest Atilla comes to explaining how the calypso got its name is in his unpublished Introduction, a copy of which is in my files. He writes:
Aeruginosin 103-A, a Thrombin Inhibitor from the Cyanobacterium <i>Microcystis viridis</i> (1998)

Aeruginosin 103-A was isolated from the cultured freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis viridis(NIES-103). Its structure was elucidated to be 1 on the basis of 2D NMR data. This linear peptide inhibited thrombin, with an IC50 of 9.0 microgram/mL.
Determination of water quality parameters using imaging spectrometry : case study for the Sajó floodplain, Hungary (2003)

This study investigates approaches of quantification of water quality parameters (TSM and CHL) using imaging spectrometry. The method is based on field spectrometry measurements, which were up-scaled to the spectral resolution of hyperspectral airborne sensors (ROSIS, DAIS) flown over the Sajo floodplain (Hungary) as part of the HYSENSE 2002 project. Empirical and simplified bio-optical algorithms were applied to each sensor in order to retrieve the concentrations of the water constituents. The results of the analysis indicate that for CHL an empirical algorithm, based on band ratio NIR/Red shows high correlation. To quantify TSM, an inversion of a simplified bio-optical model in the NIR region was applied. The modelling results indicated that the SIOPs of the Sajo River were changing with time due to flood retreat. Proper modelling required the separation of the scattering by large and small-suspended particles. In lack of direct measurements, the suspended particle size was calculated as a function of the river velocity. ABBREVIATIONS CDOM Concentration of Dissolved Organic Matter CHL Chlorophyll-a ISM Inorganic Suspended Matter OSM Organic Suspended Matter SIOP Specific Inherent Optical Properties TSM Total Suspended Matter WQ Water Quality
Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency (1970)

AbstractAlpha1-antitrypsin is a normal component of human serum. Quantitative and qualitative variations from normal and methods of measurement are discussed. Severe deficiency is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, making its diagnosis of practical benefit to the patient and his offspring.
Structural supercapacitor electrolytes based on bicontinuous ionic liquid–epoxy resin systems (2013)

‘Structural electrolytes’ retain the desirable mechanical characteristics of structural (epoxy) resins whilst introducing sufficient ionic conductivity to operate as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. Here, a series of ionic liquid–epoxy resin composites were prepared to identify the optimum system microstructure required to achieve a high level of multifunctionality. The ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability and morphology of the cured epoxy based structural electrolytes were studied as a function of phase composition for three fully formulated high performance structural epoxy systems. At only 30 wt% of structural resin and 70 wt% of ionic liquid based electrolyte, stiff monolithic plaques with thicknesses of 2–3 mm were obtained with a room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS cm−1 and a Young's modulus of 0.2 GPa. This promising performance can be attributed to a long characteristic length scale spinodal microstructure, suggesting routes to further optimisation in the future.
Study of Inkjet Printing as an Ultra-Low-Cost Antenna Prototyping Method and Its Application to Conformal Wraparound Antennas for Sounding Rocket Sub-Payload (2021)

Inkjet printing is an attractive patterning technology that has received tremendous interest as a mass fabrication method for a variety of electronic devices due to its manufacturing exibility and low-cost feature. However, the printing facilities that are being used, especially the inkjet printer, are very expensive. This thesis introduces an extremely cost-friendly inkjet printing method using a printer that costs less than $100. In order to verify its reliability, linearly and circularly polarized (CPd) planar and conformal microstrip antennas were fabricated using this printing method, and their measurement results were compared with copper microstrip antennas. The result shows that the printed microstrip antennas have similar performances to those of the copper antennas except for lower efficiency. The effects of the conductivity and thickness of the ink layer on the antenna properties were studied, and it is found that the conductivity is the main factor affecting the radiation efficiency, though thicker ink yields more effective antennas. This thesis also presents the detailed antenna design for a sub-payload. The sub-payload is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of six inches and a height of four inches. It has four booms coming out from the surface, which are used to measure the variations of the energy flow into the upper atmosphere in and around the aurora. The sub-payload has two types of antennas: linearly polarized (LPd) S-band antennas and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCPd) GPS antennas. Each type of antenna has various requirements to be fully functional for specific research tasks. The thesis includes the design methods of each type of antenna, challenges that were confronted, and the possible solutions that were proposed. As a practical application, the inkjet printing method was conveniently applied in validating some of the antenna designs.
The effect of androgen on nitric oxide synthase in the male reproductive tract of the rat (1995)

These data demonstrate that androgen differentially affects nitric oxide synthase activity in the male reproductive tract. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that nitric oxide synthase activity has been shown to be influenced by androgen in any tissue.
AUTOMATED URBAN VEHICLES: TOWARDS A DUAL MODE PRT (PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT) (1997)

The concept of public individual transport is now gaining recognition in several countries, thanks to the development of reliable electric vehicles. Several experiments are in preparation with cars from different manufacturers. However, to implement such a system, a novel type of electric vehicle is needed which can solve the problem of moving empty vehicles. To do this efficiently, the vehicle has to move by itself and hence use robotics techniques. This paper presents such a vehicle with its robotics techniques which is now under development at INRIA. The same technology could be applied to a completely automated system on dedicated tracks. We could then have a dual mode transportation system: totally automated on a specific network of roads, and manual outside this network. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. 899454.
A PURIFIED GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN (1970)

Purified pyrogenic exotoxin from Group A streptococcal filtrates (Streptococcus pyogenes, type 10, strain NY-5) has been characterized primarily as a protein complexed with hyaluronic acid. Amino acid composition and analysis revealed a typical acidic protein with an average molecular weight of 29,000. The purified exotoxin was free of streptolysins O and S, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidases (NADases), deoxyribonucleases (DNases), mucopeptide, and endotoxins. The biological activity was destroyed when the exotoxin was heated at 65 degrees C for 30 min or boiled for 2 min. The biological activities investigated were pyrogenicity in rabbits (minimal pyrogenic dose-3 hr, 0.07 microg/kg), lethality in rabbits (LD(50), 3500 microg/kg), skin test dose in human skin (> 10(9) skin test doses, per mg toxin), cytotoxicity of rabbit spleen macrophage (Cytotoxic Index 0.5-10 microg/ml), enhancement of susceptibility to endotoxin shock (in rabbits > 100,000-fold), and antigenic analysis (A-type toxin). The exotoxin was immunogenic and it was possible, therefore, to immunize animals against the various toxic activities. The immunity was specific for the A-type toxin. The clinical implications of the highly significant enhancement effect of these exotoxins are discussed. It is suggested that clinical or subclinical infection with Group A streptococci could prepare the host for fatal shock from Gram-negative infections or the inadvertent injection of small amounts of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins.
A 60 MBd, 480 Mb/s, 256 QAM decision-feedback equalizer in 1.2 mu m CMOS (1993)

Using a combination of architecture optimization techniques and unconventional circuit designs, a 60 MHz decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) chip is presented for high-bit-rate digital modem applications. The equalizer can accommodate quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK), and 16, 64, and 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and achieves a peak throughput rate of 480 MB/s. The chip contains four complex-valued programmable filter taps and incorporates coefficient updating circuitry for implementing the LMS adaptive algorithm with user-selectable adaptation step sizes. Cut-set retiming architecture techniques were used so that the chips could be cascaded to implement longer equalizer lengths without any speed degradation, and a circuit design technique called adaptively biased pseudo-NMOS logic (APNL) was adopted to reduce on-chip critical-path delays. The fully parallel chip architecture achieves a computational throughput of 1.44 billion operations per second (GOPS).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of fast ions by an efficient coupling of high power laser into snow nanotubes (2007)

Generation of fast ions in snow nanotubes irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses in the intensity range of 1016–1017W∕cm2 was investigated. The fast ion energy was measured through x-ray emission spectra of multicharged ions of oxygen. The profile of the He-β and Ly-α in He-like and H-like oxygen lines demonstrates a significant broadening, which may indicate generation of fast He-like and H-like ions with energies of up to 100keV.
3-D Computational Models For The Simulation Of Mitral Valve Annuloplastyv (2003)

INTRODUCTION Normal left ventricle shape, papillary muscle and chordae tendineae alignment prevent mitral valve leaflet prolapse during ventricular systole. Dysfunction of any one or more components of the “valvular-ventricular complex” can lead to mitral regurgitation and, consequently, to heart failure if untreated. Several surgical techniques have been introduced to accomplish the variability of the mechanisms of regurgitation. In particular, left ventricle ischemia can lead to mitral regurgitation, as it causes the misplacement of the papillary muscles. In this case a possible surgical solution consists in restoring the physiological geometry of the sub-valvular apparatus by means of the implant of an annuloplasty ring [1]. The present study has been developed in order to evaluate the stress distribution on the mitral valve leaflets and on the chordae tendinae, and to quantify the regurgitation area following the implantation of an annuloplasty ring in presence of acute left ventricular ischemia. A computational finite element model approach has been used to assess the effect of an innovative annuloplasty ring, which could be thought of as an evolution of a classical D-shaped ring (ratio between the anterior to posterior leaflet and the intercommissural distance equal to 3:4), and to compare it with the effect of the D-shaped annuloplasty ring itself.
MOCVD growth of semipolar Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>N on <i>m</i>‐plane sapphire for applications in deep‐ultraviolet light emitters (2011)

Abstract The growth of semipolar AlN and AlGaN epilayers on m ‐plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been investigated for the first time. The implementation of pulsed MOCVD technique for the deposition of the AlN buffer, and the insertion of a strain relieving AlN/AlGaN short‐period superlattice structure proved instrumental in the growth of a thick, crack‐free, and single domain n ‐Al 0.56 Ga 0.44 N ( $11{\bar {2}}2$ ) films, which also exhibit a good crystal quality. To assess the suitability of this AlGaN/AlN/ m ‐sapphire template for practical use in deep‐ultraviolet light emitters, both polar (0001) and semipolar ( $11{\bar {2}}2$ ) AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were grown side‐by‐side. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the semipolar MQW structure peaked at 305 nm, which was approximately 10 nm longer than the PL peak originating from the reference polar MQWs. Besides, the semipolar MQWs showed a fairly excitation‐independent emission wavelength, which suggests the absence of any polarization‐induced electric fields. The intensity of the luminescence from the c ‐oriented MQWs was, however, stronger than that of its semipolar counterpart. The result indicates that further reduction of the extended defects density in ( $11{\bar {2}}2$ ) AlGaN is critical to significantly improving the optical properties of the overlying quantum heterostructures, and potentially achieving efficient optoelectronic devices.
Video Stylization: Painterly Rendering and Optimization With Content Extraction (2012)

We present an interactive video stylization system for transforming an input video into a painterly animation. The system consists of two phases: a content extraction phase to obtain semantic objects, i.e., recognized content, in a video and establish dense feature correspondences, and a painterly rendering phase to select, place, and propagate brush strokes for stylized animations based on the semantic content and object motions derived from the first phase. Compared with the previous work, the proposed method has the following three advantages. First, we propose a two-pass rendering strategy and brush strokes with mixed colors in order to render expressive visual effects. Second, the brush strokes are warped according to global object deformations, so that the strokes appear to be naturally attached to the object surfaces. Third, we propose a deferred rendering and backward completion method to draw brush strokes on emerging regions and simulate a damped system to reduce stroke scintillation effect. Moreover, we discuss the graphics processing unit-based implementation of our system, which is demonstrated to greatly improve the efficiency of producing stylized videos. In experiments, we verify this system by applying it to a number of video clips to produce expressive oil-painting animations and compare it with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Control of shunt unbalanced power active compensators for reactive and asymmetry elimination in four wire electrical systems using symmetrical components (2004)

The paper presents a new method for obtaining the reference currents for a shunt unbalanced power active compensator (SUPAC), working under unbalanced voltages and asymmetrical linear loads. The reference currents are obtained using the unifying theory of electrical power (UTEP), UTEP has been successfully applied to the control of power converters for improving electric quality and optimizes the balance of the current supplied by the three-phase generator. This system improves efficiency. For the implementation of the unit efficiency control (UEC) the currents in the load and the voltages at the point of common connection (PCC) are transformed to the respective direct, inverse and homopolar symmetrical components. The developed system compensates the power losses in the inverter bridge and in the AC and DC buses with three currents in phase with the respective direct phase voltages or using photovoltaic panels connected to the DC bus. The system efficiently improves the electrical quality in three-phase systems when single-phase linear loads from line to neutral point are connected. The digital control is achieved with a digital signal processor (DSP) and the power section consists of a commercial three-phase power inverter bridge and some interface cards.
Power frequency communication on long feeders and high levels of harmonic distortion (1995)

TWACS is a unique power frequency communication (PFC) technology. The power voltage is modulated at the substation bus for outbound communication and inbound communication from a remote transponder is accomplished by drawing precisely controlled current pulses which are detectable at the distribution substation. The propagation characteristics of the TWACS signal and the frequency characteristics of the signal detector make it possible to communicate over very long distribution feeders and provide a high degree of immunity against harmonic distortions of the power system voltage and current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanisms of escape from the PGT128 family of anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (2016)

These data highlight the importance of the V3 loop in the design of immunogens aimed at inducing broad and potent bnAbs that can bind promiscuously to the mannose-patch.
KRYPTON IN A CAGE-CLATHRATE BETA SOURCES (1959)

A new way of haMling Kr/sup 85/ consists of trapping the krypton in hydroquinone molecules to form a threedimensional organic crystalline cage'' called a clathrate.'' The cage is formed by crystallization from a melt under pressure, resulting in a stable source of beta particles. For use as a beta source the clathrate can be powdered into grains the size of salt or sugar. Safety in using the naaterial results from its solubility. In the evert of spill, water or ketones can be added to dissolve the organic crystal, thus permitting the inert krypton to escape harmlessly into the atmosphere. Applications of the clathrate are discussed. (C.J.G.)