gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excision and Skin Grafting of Thermal Burns (2009)

A 45-year-old man presents with extensive burns after a house fire. Excision and grafting are recommended for management of his burns. Depending on the depth and extent of the burn, early excision and grafting promote wound healing, reduce the risk of infection, and shorten hospitalization but increase the need for blood transfusion, as compared with conservative management.
The Synthesis of Some 7-Chloro-4-(3-alkylaminopropylamino)-quinolines<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some 7-Chloro-4-(3-alkylaminopropylamino)-quinolines1D. S. Tarbell, Nancy Shakespeare, C. J. Claus, and J. F. BunnettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1217–1219Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reform — and Reaction (2004)

Getting rid of Ranković was the easy part of the reformers' task. The real problem was how to create a stable system of inter-republic bargaining without undermining the power of the central Party machine. They still had no experience to guide them. The rhetoric of the Seventh Congress about distancing the Party from power had absolutely no basis in reality. The rulers of Yugoslavia would have fitted comfortably into two buses,1 and the role of the League of Communists as the 'ideational vanguard' of self-governing socialism was notoriously a farce — among the public at large, Communists had a well deserved reputation for careerism and corruption.2 KeywordsEconomic ReformExecutive CommitteeCentral CommitteeParty LeaderConcise HistoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Bakerian lecture. On the mechanism of the eye (1832)

Abstract The copious contents of this lecture relate chiefly to the power possessed by the eye to accommodate itself to the perception of objects at different distances, concerning which a variety of opinions have been entertained. After some general considerations on the sense of vision, from which it appears that though the extent of the field of perfect vision for each position of the eye be not very great, yet there is reason to believe that its refractive powers are calculated to take in a moderately distinct view of a whole hemisphere : the author, aware how essential it is in an inquiry of so delicate a nature to proceed upon solid, and as far as possible incontrovertible grounds, delivers a set of dioptrical propositions (eight in number), each accompanied by some scholia and corollaries, from which he means to deduce the principal inferences brought forward in the sequel of the lecture.
Rewritable Programmable Logic Array of Current Mode Logic (1981)

This paper describes new ways to construct a rewritable programmable logic array (R-PLA) of current mode logic (CML) and to control READ/WRITE operations of the R-PLA. The R-PLA is constructed by splitting a conventional Random Access Memory (RAM) of CML into two parts. Therefore, each cell structure of the new R-PLA is identified with that of the conventional RAM, differing from a complicated cell structure proposed in the past. Because of the identification the comparison for the number of cells between the new R-PLA and the RAM becomes possible according to the historical discussions of the PLA and the memory. It will be demonstrated logically and electrically that SEARCH and READ parts of the new R-PLA can perform logic-in-memory without using special AND gates in each cell in the READ mode and can enter a WRITE data from a word direction in the WRITE mode.
Least squares type algorithms for identification in the presence of modeling uncertainty (1995)

The celebrated least squares and LMS (least-mean-squares) are system identification approaches that are easily implementable, need minimal a priori assumptions, and have very nice identification properties when the uncertainty in measurements is only due to noises and not due to unmodeled behavior of the system. When there is uncertainty present due to an unmodeled part of the system as well, however, the performance of these algorithms can be poor. Here the authors propose a "modified" weighted least squares algorithm that is geared toward identification in the presence of both unmodeled dynamics and measurement disturbances. The algorithm uses very little a priori information and is easily implementable in a recursive fashion. Through an example the authors demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed approach. Motivated by a certain worst-case property of the LMS algorithm, an H/sub /spl infin// estimation algorithm is also proposed for the same objective of identification in the presence of modeling uncertainty.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy: New Drugs and Emerging Targets (2013)

Obesity is a growing pandemic, and related health and economic costs are staggering. Pharmacotherapy, partnered with lifestyle modifications, forms the core of current strategies to reduce the burden of this disease and its sequelae. However, therapies targeting weight loss have a significant history of safety risks, including cardiovascular and psychiatric events. Here, evolving strategies for developing antiobesity therapies, including targets, mechanisms, and developmental status, are highlighted. Progress in this field is underscored by Belviq (lorcaserin) and Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate), the first agents in more than 10 years to achieve regulatory approval for chronic weight management in obese patients. On the horizon, novel insights into metabolism and energy homeostasis reveal guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) signaling circuits as emerging targets for antiobesity pharmacotherapy. These innovations in molecular discovery may elegantly align with practical off-the-shelf approaches, leveraging existing approved drugs that modulate cGMP levels for the management of obesity.
Reprocessing of used tires into activated carbon and other products (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReprocessing of used tires into activated carbon and other productsHsisheng Teng, Michael A. Serio, Marek A. Wojtowicz, Rosemary Bassilakis, and Peter R. SolomonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 9, 3102–3111Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00048a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00048a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views963Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Universal multiple description scalar quantization: analysis and design (2003)

A new high-rate analysis of the entropy-constrained multiple description scalar quantizer (ECMDSQ) is introduced. The analysis provides insight into the structure of the ECMDSQ, suggesting the non-optimality of uniform central quantizer cells with finite diagonals in the index assignment matrix, as well as a method to approximate optimal cell sizes. Based on these insights, a universal multiple description scalar quantizer (UMDSQ) is proposed which can achieve nearly the same performance as the fully optimized ECMDSQ, at much lower design complexity. The design requires selection of only two parameters, and the resulting UMDSQ can provide a continuum of trade-off points between the central and side distortions as the two parameters are varied.
Axial mode helix antenna with exponential spacing (2007)

Abstract A novel wideband CP helix antenna with exponential spacing is presented in this paper. Since traveling wave current over a wide range of frequencies has been excited, it possesses better performance. Both numerical results and experimental results show that the axial ratio bandwidth of the exponential spacing helix (ESH) antenna is 58.6% greater than that of the linear spacing helix (LSH) antenna in the same conditions. The characteristics of impedance, power gains, and radiation patterns for the ESH antenna are also investigated and compared with LSH antenna. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1525–1530, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22485
Individual pitch control for variable speed turbine blade load mitigation (2008)

Dynamic load is a key consideration in large scale wind turbine design. It is approved that the performance of controller can distinguish impact wind turbine loads. During pitch control algorithm design, if load influence is considered, it will be benefit to lower cost of whole wind turbine and extend longevity. In this paper, an individual pitch controller is developed based on a kind of model free control strategy, to mitigate the blade root load for variable speed wind turbine. The measured blade root bending moment is taken as one of the inputs of the controller, and the three pitch demand as the controller output. The control strategy was simulated in bladed external controller based on a 3.0 MW doubly fed variable speed wind turbine model, the simulation result verified itpsilas feasible and effective. The blades root load is mitigated evidently compared to classic collective pitch control.
Investigation of Endocytic Pathways for the Internalization of Exosome-Associated Oligomeric Alpha-Synuclein (2017)

Misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) resulting in cytotoxicity is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. The recent body of evidence indicates that αsyn can be released from neuronal cells by nonconventional exocytosis involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes. The transfer of αsyn between cells has been proposed to be an important mechanism of disease propagation in PD. To date, exosome trafficking mechanisms, including release and cell-cell transmission, have not been fully described. To gain insight into the mechanisms involved, exosomes were purified from conditioned media of stable cells secreting αsyn oligomers. A novel bimolecular protein complementation assay was used to detect exosomes containing αsyn oligomers. Recipient cells were treated with exosomes containing αsyn oligomers or "free" non-exosome-associated αsyn oligomers and internalization was monitored. We demonstrate that cell-derived exosome-associated αsyn oligomers can be efficiently internalized by recipient cells. Interestingly exosome-free αsyn oligomers isolated from conditioned medium were not internalized but remained bound to the extracellular surface. To investigate the endocytic pathway(s) required for the exosome uptake different pharmacological inhibitors of caveolin-dependent, clathrin-dependent, and macropinocytosis pathways were utilized. Surprisingly, none of these pathways appear to play a significant role in the internalization of exosome-associated αsyn oligomers. Finally, the role of heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in exosome-associated αsyn internalization was investigated using genetic approach. Despite previous studies showing HSPGs can modulate internalization of fibrillar αsyn, genetic manipulations did not attenuate internalization of exosome-associated αsyn oligomers in our hands, suggesting that exosome-associated αsyn is internalized via an alternative endocytic pathway(s) that has yet to be elucidated.
Neuroleptic activity of chiral trans-hexahydro-.gamma.-carbolines (1986)

A series of trans-8-fluoro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,4a,5, 9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indoles with various N-2 substituents has been prepared and tested for neuroleptic activity [( 3H]spiroperidol binding and amphetamine antagonism). Several members of this series showed exceptional in vivo potency, especially the hydantoin derivatives 27-30. Resolution into the enantiomers showed that neuroleptic activity is associated with the 4aS,9bS absolute configuration. These rigid neuroleptics have been correlated with other rigid neuroleptics [(+)-dexclamol, Ro 22-1319] and can serve to further define the topography of the dopamine receptor.
Differential diagnosis for primary practice (1999)

Part 1. The Principles of Health Care (Chapters 1 and 2). Part 2. The Differential Diagnosis of Patients Complaints (Chapters 3 61). Part 3. Clinical Conditions. Glossary.
Micro machining glass with polycrystalline diamond tools shaped by micro electro discharge machining (2004)

Brittle materials are difficult to mechanically micro machine due to damage resulting from material removal by brittle fracture, cutting force-induced tool deflection or breakage and tool wear. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of micro machining glass materials with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) micro tools that are prepared in a variety of shapes using non-contact micro electro discharge machining. The PCD tools contain randomly distributed sharp protrusions of diamond with dimensions around 1 µm that serve as cutting edges for micro machining grooves in soda-lime glass and pockets in ultra-low expansion glass. Results indicate that smooth surfaces are obtained with process conditions allowing material removal by ductile regime cutting instead of brittle fractures, and the PCD tools show very little wear. With further improvements in material removal rate, micro machining with PCD tools is a promising approach for producing micro molds and micro fluidic devices in glass materials.
Internet resources for architecture studies (1993)

There are many means of finding one's way around the Internet. Gopher, Veronica, and WAIS are just some of the search mechanisms currently in place. For the beginner, however, the Internet can be overwhelming in the wealth of its resources and in the multiplicity of its organization.
New international reference preparation for proteins in human serum (RPPHS) (1994)

Quality-control surveys in recent years, in various parts of the world, have shown poor between-laboratory agreement for measurements of plasma proteins. Despite the existence of international reference materials distributed by the World Health Organization, standards produced by diagnostics manufacturers and professional organizations differ significantly in their ascribed values. The reasons for this are complex but include poor availability of the primary materials, confusion about their use, and the fact that their turbidity on reconstitution precludes their use in modern optical immunoassays. This unfortunate situation led to an important initiative to produce sufficient quantities of a widely available, optically clear secondary reference material for plasma proteins that could be used worldwide by manufacturers, professional organizations, and laboratories. Here we present an overview on how the laboratory community, including manufacturers, clinical laboratories, professional societies, and regulators, has reached what we consider is a successful conclusion to a difficult problem.
Model Driven Middleware (2004)

Distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems have become critical in domains such as avionics (e.g., flight mission computers), telecommunications (e.g., wireless phone services), tele-medicine...
Quantification, qualification, and microbial killing efficiencies of antimicrobial chlorine-based substances produced by iontophoresis (1994)

The dependence of microbial killing on chloride ions present in solutions undergoing iontophoresis is addressed. A 400-microA current was applied to vials containing synthetic urine or saline, and the production of chlorine-based substances (CBSs) was detected by the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylene diamine colorimetric method. It was found that as the time of current application increased, the total concentration of CBSs also increased. The iontophoretic current converted (through oxidation) chloride ions present in the solutions into CBSs such as free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chlorite, monochloramine, and dichloramine (the last two were produced by iontophoresis only when nitrogenous substances were present in the solution). Two of the CBSs (free Cl and ClO2), when they were separately added back to microbial suspensions (approximately 3 x 10(5) CFU/ml) at the same concentrations at which they were detected in either 0.46% (wt/vol) NaCl solution or synthetic urine iontophoresed for 4 h at 400 microA, reduced or eliminated bacterial genera and a fungus. However, when free Cl and ClO2 were jointly added back to microbial suspensions, bacterial and fungal killing was synergistic and more rapid and complete than when these chlorine-based biocides were added separately. Therefore, iontophoresis of solutions containing chloride ions produces chlorine-based biocides that are responsible for the antimicrobial effect of iontophoresis.
Relationship between gene expression and function of uterotonic systems in the rat during gestation, uterine activation and both term and preterm labour (2008)

We have documented gestation- and labour- (preterm and term) dependent changes in expression of genes encoding contraction associated proteins in the rat uterus and correlated these changes with various parameters of uterine contractility. The data demonstrate increased expression of contractile agonist systems concurrent with decreased expression of relaxant systems after gestational day 20. Significant increases in expression of oxytocin (OT), its receptor (OTR), prostaglandin (PG) H synthase isoform 1 (PGHS-1) and PGF(2alpha) receptor (FP) occurred first, followed by increases in PGHS-2, connexin-43, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the ET-1 receptor isoform ET(A). Expression of OTR and FP was significantly reduced during mid-gestation compared to non-pregnant animals. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased significantly during pregnancy then decreased concurrently with the increase in OTR and FP. Functional changes in uterine contractility accompany changes in gene expression. OT was the most potent contractile stimulant. Sensitivity of uterine strips to OT was reduced in early and mid-pregnancy then increased at uterine activation. Progesterone antagonist-induced preterm labour caused changes similar to those at normal term. Comparison of mRNA transcripts in separated endometrium and myometrium suggested that the endometrium is an important regulator of myometrial contractility, analogous to the relationship between endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. This novel combination of functional and genetic expression analyses provides new insight into the physiology of parturition.
Non-proportionality in the scintillation response and the energy resolution obtainable with scintillation crystals (1995)

A review and new data are presented on the absolute photon yield emitted by "classical" (NaI(Tl/sup +/), CsI(Tl/sup +/), CsI(Na/sup +/), CaF/sub 2/(Eu/sup 2+/), Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/, and CdWO/sub 4/) and "modern" (BaF/sub 2/, Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/(Ce/sup 3+/), YAlO/sub 3/(Ce/sup 3+/), Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/(Ce/sup 3+/), Lu/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/(Sc/sup 3+/), and K/sub 2/LaCl/sub 5/(Ce/sup 3+/)) scintillation crystals after absorption of X-rays and /spl gamma/-rays of energies ranging from 5 keV to 1 MeV. Factors influencing the energy resolution with which high energy photons can be detected with scintillator-photomultiplier combinations are reviewed. Attention is especially focused on the effects of nonproportionality in the scintillation response on the energy resolution.
Glucose Pulse (2005)

In type 1 diabetic patients, exercise contributes to enhance insulin sensitivity and may help, together with diet and insulin therapy, to achieve and maintain better metabolic control. Fat and carbohydrates are the main substrates for energy production in skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise in well-fed humans, with their relative contribution to total energy production being a function of exercise intensity. Below the anaerobic threshold, both oxygen consumption and heart rate during exercise increase linearly as a function of exercise intensity. On the basis of these relationships, the aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of using heart rate to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized during exercise in type 1 diabetic patients as well as in a control group of healthy subjects. This study shows that heart rate can be a useful physiological parameter to be used to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized during exercise.
Optimal and suboptimal binary inputs for system identification (1989)

A heuristic random search technique for finding a near-optimum binary input sequence to a linear dynamical system is presented. The problem requires the optimization of a multimodal real function that depends on a string of binary integers. The algorithms combine a global random search procedure with a local (neighborhood) search which examines all sequences within a prescribed Hamming distance. The algorithm is applied to the determination of the sequence of air and oxygen breaths that are optimal for estimating lung parameter values. Simulation studies show that the algorithm finds an optimum input sequence 10 bits in length in 100% of the trials, and 20 bits in length in 97% of the trials. Near-optimum values are also located with strings 30 and 40 bits in length using approximately 1000 iterations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>