gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding How Disease Is Transmitted via Air Travel: The Aircraft Cabin Environment (2010)

To further our understanding of disease transmission at airports and on aircraft, it is important to recognize that the airplane flight is just one phase of the overall travel experience and that disease transmission can occur during all phases of the door-to-door experience. This white paper describes the aircraft cabin environment part of the travel experience and how airplane systems work to provide the air you breathe in the aircraft cabin environment. This paper also addresses items that should be considered for aircraft cleaning and disinfection if a significant disease transmission event occurs.
Supermarket Sales Data: Feasibility and Applicability in Population Food and Nutrition Monitoring (2008)

Population food and nutrition monitoring plays a critical role in understanding suboptimal nutrition at the population level, yet current monitoring methods such as national surveys are not practical to undertake on a continuous basis. Supermarket sales data potentially address this gap by providing detailed, timely, and inexpensive monitoring data for informing policies and anticipating trends. This paper reviews 22 studies that used supermarket sales data to examine food purchasing patterns. Despite some methodological limitations, feasibility studies showed promising results. The potential and limitations of using supermarket sales data to supplement food and nutrition monitoring methods are discussed.
Vehicular wireless short-range communication for improving intersection safety (2009)

Vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication has recently garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry because it holds the potential to improve road safety and to reduce road accidents. For this reason, V2X communication has been considered a key technology of the future Intelligent Transportation Systems. Use cases for V2X communication for enhancing intersection safety are appealing because intersections are the most complex and dangerous driving environments. This article reviews major related work and presents a communication architecture for intersection safety that supports these use cases. Our communication architecture respects the salient traits of V2X communication and fits into the overall V2X communication architecture. We perform various simulations to quantify the load of V2X communication at intersections and report the findings of our simulation study.
Thiamin Analogs. III. 4-Methyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-thiazole<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiamin Analogs. III. 4-Methyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-thiazole1Edwin R. Buchman and Herbert SargentCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 3, 400–403Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01219a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01219a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views989Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modeling traffic motion patterns via Non-negative Matrix Factorization (2015)

Analyzing motion patterns in traffic videos can directly lead to generate some high-level descriptions of the video content. In this paper, an unsupervised method is proposed to automatically discover motion patterns occurring in traffic video scenes. For this purpose, based on optical flow features extracted from video clips, an improved Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework is applied for learning of semantic motion patterns. After extracting the motion patterns, each video clip can be sparsely represented as a weighted sum of learned patterns which can further be employed in very large range of applications. Experimental results show that our proposed approach finds accurately the motion patterns and gives a meaningful representation for the video.
Direct Formation of Ge−C Bonds from GeO<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Germanium dioxide in the presence of 5% KOH reacted with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) at 250 degrees C to give (MeO)(4)Ge. The reaction of GeO(2) and DMC is similar to that reported for SiO(2); however, the rate of reaction for germanium is much higher than that of the corresponding silicon reaction. In a side-by-side experiment using SiO(2) and GeO(2) where the surface area of the silicon dioxide was 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the GeO(2), the base-catalyzed reaction with DMC was about an order of magnitude higher for the germanium dioxide. When GeO(2) and 5% KOH were reacted with DMC at 350 degrees C, two products formed: (MeO)(4)Ge (70%) and MeGe(OMe)(3) (30%). Confirmation of the identity of MeGe(OMe)(3) was by GCMS, (1)H and (13)C NMR, and comparison to an authentic sample made by reaction of MeGeCl(3) with NaOMe. Experiments to determine the mechanism of the direct formation of Ge-C from GeO(2) ruled out participation from CO, H(2), or carbon. The KOH-catalyzed reaction of other metal oxides was explored including B(2)O(3), Ga(2)O(3), TiO(2), Sb(2)O(3), SnO(2), and SnO. Boron reacted to give unknown volatile products. Antimony reacted to give a solid which analyzed as Sb(OMe)(3). SnO reacted with DMC to give a mixture that included (MeO)(4)Sn and possibly Me(3)Sn(OMe).
Twenty-Year Trajectory-Patterns of Percentage Energy From Dietary Fat vs. Carbohydrate Throughout Adult Life and Associations With Cardio-Metabolic Disease and All-Cause Mortality (2021)

<b>Background:</b> The health impacts of dietary fat-to-energy ratio (FER) compared to carbohydrate-to-energy ratio (CER) are widely discussed topics in public health. This study aimed to assess the health impacts of FER and CER by establishing trajectory-patterns of FER and CER over the course of adult life. <b>Methods:</b> This study used the weighted longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, including eight surveys from 1991 to 2011. The trajectories of FER and CER were determined via latent class trajectory modeling. The trajectories were then cross-grouped into different trajectory-patterns. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between these trajectory-patterns and cardio-metabolic diseases and all-cause mortality. Ten thousand nine hundred and twenty-six adults with a total of 50,693 observations across eight surveys were included. <b>Results:</b> Compared to the trajectory-pattern of persistently low-FER (increased from 10 to 20%) and moderate-CER (stable and ranging from 55 to 65%) over the adult life-course, the two trajectory-patterns that showed changing to high-FER and low-CER were significantly associated with obesity [HR 1.83 [95% CI, 1.10-3.04]; HR 1.46 [95% CI, 1.02-2.17]], diabetes [HR 1.80 [95% CI, 1.03-3.16]; HR 1.49 [95% CI, 1.01-2.25]], and all-cause mortality [HR 2.29 [95% CI, 1.35-3.87]; HR 1.62 [95% CI, 1.18-2.22]]. In contrast, the trajectory-pattern of a persistently low-FER and high-CER diet was not associated with obesity [HR 1.19 [95% CI, 0.82-1.17]], diabetes [HR 1.41 [95% CI, 0.98-2.02]], cardiovascular-disease [HR 1.48 [95% CI, 0.91-2.39]], and all-cause mortality [HR 1.23 [95% CI, 0.94-1.61]]. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study indicates that changing to a high-FER and low-CER diet over the course of adult life was significantly associated with obesity, diabetes, and all-cause mortality in the Chinese adult population. In addition, low-FER and high-CER were not associated with cardio-metabolic disease and all-cause mortality. These observations may provide insights into nutritional policy and dietary guidelines.
High Fill Factor Polymer Solar Cells Incorporating a Low Temperature Solution Processed WO<sub>3</sub> Hole Extraction Layer (2012)

Abstract We demonstrate solution‐processed tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) incorporated as hole extraction layer (HEL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) with active layers comprising either poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or poly[(4,4'‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]silole)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4,7‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)‐5,50‐diyl] (Si‐PCPDTBT) mixed with a fullerene derivative. The WO 3 layers are deposited from an alcohol‐based, surfactant‐free nanoparticle solution. A short, low‐temperature (80 °C) annealing is sufficient to result in fully functional films without the need for an oxygen‐plasma treatment. This allows the application of the WO 3 buffer layer in normal as well as inverted architecture solar cells. Normal architecture devices based on WO 3 HELs show comparable performance to the PEDOT:PSS reference devices with slightly better fill factors and open circuit voltages. Very high shunt resistances (over 1 MΩ cm 2 ) and excellent diode rectification underline the charge selectivity of the solution‐processed WO 3 layers.
Genetic Testing Information Standardization in HL7 CDA and ISO13606 (2013)

Communicating genetic testing reports of a patient in a semantically interoperable way remains difficult. Most of the information is stored as non-communicable documents which cannot automatically be processed. The objective of the project was to obtain semantically interoperable genetic testing reports which could be used not only for communication purposes but also for secondary uses, for example clinical trials or clinical decision support. This work describes the first part of the project, the modeling of genetic information reports using EHR standards. We used the Implementation Guide for CDA R2 Genetic Testing Report (GTR) as a basis for modeling the archetypes for both HL7 CDA and CEN/ISO 13606. This approach was validated with the information included in Usher Syndrome reports available at ISS-La Fe. The result of this work were three archetypes following ISO13606 and three archetypes following HL7 CDA model which contained all the information available in both Usher syndrome genetic testing reports and the implementation guide significant parts.
Weakly-supervised deep learning for customer review sentiment classification (2016)

Sentiment analysis is one of the key challenges for mining online user generated content. In this work, we focus on customer reviews which are an important form of opinionated content. The goal is to identify each sentence's semantic orientation (e.g. positive or negative) of a review. Traditional sentiment classification methods often involve substantial human efforts, e.g. lexicon construction, feature engineering. In recent years, deep learning has emerged as an effective means for solving sentiment classification problems. A neural network intrinsically learns a useful representation automatically without human efforts. However, the success of deep learning highly relies on the availability of large-scale training data. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework for review sentiment classification which employs prevalently available ratings as weak supervision signals. The framework consists of two steps: (1) learn a high level representation (embedding space) which captures the general sentiment distribution of sentences through rating information; (2) add a classification layer on top of the embedding layer and use labeled sentences for supervised fine-tuning. Experiments on review data obtained from Amazon show the efficacy of our method and its superiority over baseline methods.
Face detection and facial feature extraction in color image (2004)

Face detection and facial feature extraction plays an important role in video surveillance, human computer interaction and face recognition. Color is a useful piece of information in computer vision especially for skin detection. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for skin segmentation and facial feature extraction. The proposed skin segmentation is a method for integrating the chrominance components of nonlinear YCrCb color model. The goal of skin detection is to group pixels to form possible face candidate regions and then use connected components analysis for pixels grouping. In order to detect the facial feature in scale invariant, the possible face candidate regions will be normalized, and then texture information in these regions will be segmented by means of mean and variance of face region. Edge will be detected using the method based on multi-scale morphological. Eye will be located by the PCA edge direction. The others feature, such as nose and mouth, also located using the geometrical shape information. As all the above-mentioned techniques are simple and efficient, the proposed method is computational effective and suitable for practical applications. In our experiments, the proposed method has been successfully evaluated using two different test datasets. The detection accuracy is around 98%, the average run time ranged from 0.1-0.3 sec per frame.
Spurious -Tone Suppression Techniques Applied to a Wide-Bandwidth 2.4GHz Fractional-N PLL (2008)

This paper describes a fractional-N PLL IC based on a new digital quantizer that replaces the DeltaSigma modulator (DeltaSigmaM) used in conventional designs. In combination with a charge pump offset technique and a sampled loop filter the new quantizer enables state-of-the-art fractional spur performance without sacrificing BW.
cAMP motifs regulating transcription in the aquaporin 2 gene (1996)

Genomic clones including the 5' flanking regions of the AQP2 (aquaporin 2) gene were isolated, and the promoter region was examined by transiently transfecting a promoter-luciferase reporter fusion gene into renal cultured epithelial cells. An orientation specific promoter for the AQP2 gene was found within the proximal 3 kb of 5'-flanking region. Minimal basal promoter activity of the AQP2 gene was found within 198 bp upstream from the transcription start site by deletion analysis. Sequencing the transcriptionally active region revealed a typical TATA box, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element (CRE) and three putative CCAAT boxes in the proximal 1.2-kb region. Significantly, a GATA motif, AP1, AP2, and SP1 transcriptional factor consensus sites were also found in this region. Exposure to cAMP-enhancing agents (1 nM vasopressin or 20 mM forskolin and 250 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) showed that these agents increased luciferase activity in a parallel fashion, suggesting that vasopressin-induced AQP2 gene transcription is mediated through increases in intracellular cAMP in at least one renal cell type, the LLC-PK1 cells. The mechanism of cAMP responsiveness of AQP2 gene transcription was further studied using a series of deletion mutants in renal epithelial cells and other cell types. The cAMP regulatory motifs were shown to exist in a 50-bp sequence between -340 and -290 (containing CRE) and a 65-bp sequence (containing an AP2 site) between -150 and the ATG start site in LLC-PK1 cells. In rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, the cAMP regulatory motifs also exist in a 50-bp sequence between -340 and -290 (containing CRE) and in a 10-bp sequence between -160 and -150 (containing an SP1 site). These separate regions may cooperate to confer full cAMP inducibility to the AQP2 gene in a cell-specific manner.
782. Pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (1965)

W. J. Irwin and D. G. Wibberley, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 4240 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650004240
Visualization of the surrounding environment and operational part in a 3DCG model for the teleoperation of construction machines (2015)

During the teleoperation of construction machines and robots, it is essential that the surrounding environment, operational part, and work object are visually presented to the operator. In this paper, we present a novel image representation method that combines these three aspects from an arbitrary point of view using multiple cameras. The image generated by the proposed method is compared to those produced by a conventional method.
Assembly and Architecture of the EBV B Cell Entry Triggering Complex (2014)

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the gammaherpesvirinae sub-family that predominantly infects humans through epithelial cells and B cells. Three EBV glycoproteins, gH, gL and gp42, form a complex that targets EBV infection of B cells. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules expressed on B cells serve as the receptor for gp42, triggering membrane fusion and virus entry. The mechanistic role of gHgL in herpesvirus entry has been largely unresolved, but it is thought to regulate the activation of the virally-encoded gB protein, which acts as the primary fusogen. Here we study the assembly and function of the reconstituted B cell entry complex comprised of gHgL, gp42 and HLA class II. The structure from negative-stain electron microscopy provides a detailed snapshot of an intermediate state in EBV entry and highlights the potential for the triggering complex to bring the two membrane bilayers into proximity. Furthermore, gHgL interacts with a previously identified, functionally important hydrophobic pocket on gp42, defining the overall architecture of the complex and playing a critical role in membrane fusion activation. We propose a macroscopic model of the initiating events in EBV B cell fusion centered on the formation of the triggering complex in the context of both viral and host membranes. This model suggests how the triggering complex may bridge the two membrane bilayers, orienting critical regions of the N- and C- terminal ends of gHgL to promote the activation of gB and efficient membrane fusion.
24.4: Display Sparkle Measurement and Human Response (2013)

Abstract A new method for quantifying “sparkle” uses a simple measurement which includes a pixelated source, a test sample, and an eye simulator. The degree of sparkle is calculated from the standard deviation of the pixel powers across a portion of the display. Measurements show excellent correlation to human response studies.
Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DM edits peptides presented by HLA-DR according to their ligand binding motifs. (1996)

Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DM is a facilitator of antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. In the absence of HLA-DM, MHC class II molecules do not present natural peptides, but tend to remain associated with class II-associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP). Recently, DM was shown to catalyze the release of CLIP from HLA-DR. We have investigated which peptides bound to HLA-DR are vulnerable to release upon encountering DM. By directed substitution of allele-specific anchor residues between CLIP and DR3-cognate peptides and the application of recombinant DM we show that DM catalyzes the release of those peptides bound to HLA-DR3 that do not have appropriate anchor residues and, hence, no optimal ligand binding motif. Thus, HLA-DM acts as a peptide editor, facilitating selection of peptides that stably bind to class II molecules for eventual presentation to the immune system from the pool of available peptides.
Tumour gene expression predicts response to cetuximab in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (2011)

Gene expression appears to identify KRAS wt mCRC patients who receive little benefit from cetuximab. It will be important to test this model in an independent validation study.
Sirt1 Regulates Aging and Resistance to Oxidative Stress in the Heart (2007)

Silent information regulator (Sir)2, a class III histone deacetylase, mediates lifespan extension in model organisms and prevents apoptosis in mammalian cells. However, beneficial functions of Sir2 remain to be shown in mammals in vivo at the organ level, such as in the heart. We addressed this issue by using transgenic mice with heart-specific overexpression of Sirt1, a mammalian homolog of Sir2. Sirt1 was significantly upregulated (4- to 8-fold) in response to pressure overload and oxidative stress in nontransgenic adult mouse hearts. Low (2.5-fold) to moderate (7.5-fold) overexpression of Sirt1 in transgenic mouse hearts attenuated age-dependent increases in cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis/fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and expression of senescence markers. In contrast, a high level (12.5-fold) of Sirt1 increased apoptosis and hypertrophy and decreased cardiac function, thereby stimulating the development of cardiomyopathy. Moderate overexpression of Sirt1 protected the heart from oxidative stress induced by paraquat, with increased expression of antioxidants, such as catalase, through forkhead box O (FoxO)-dependent mechanisms, whereas high levels of Sirt1 increased oxidative stress in the heart at baseline. Thus, mild to moderate expression of Sirt1 retards aging of the heart, whereas a high dose of Sirt1 induces cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, although high levels of Sirt1 increase oxidative stress, moderate expression of Sirt1 induces resistance to oxidative stress and apoptosis. These results suggest that Sirt1 could retard aging and confer stress resistance to the heart in vivo, but these beneficial effects can be observed only at low to moderate doses (up to 7.5-fold) of Sirt1.
Modular 11kW bidirectional onboard charger with SiC-MOSFET technology for mobile applications (2017)

This paper describes a smart grid ready modular and bidirectional onboard charger for extra low voltage mobile applications. The described charger is able to provide 11 kW continuous power with a total efficiency up to 97%. The total power density is 1.7 kW/l and so the charger is suitable for mobile applications in which installation space and weight are critical topics. Additional to the high power density the output voltage of 48 V qualifies the charger to be used in special for applications with high power low voltage drives (e.g. 48V ISCAD Drives), applications with restricted weight or voltage levels (e.g. watercraft, aircraft, chemical or pharmaceutical industry). The paper consists of the purpose of use of the charger, the simulation, the circuit diagram of the separate constituent parts and the final design pattern. It closes with a description of hardware modularity and the bidirectional use in context of modern smart grids and future work.
14NM FinFET 1.5MB Embedded High-K Charge Trap Transistor One Time Programmable Memory Using Dynamic Adaptive Programming (2018)

An 8K×192b One Time Programmable Memory (OTPM) is designed and manufactured in a 14nm FinFET technology without process adders or additional masks. A Differential Current Sense Amplifier (DCSA) and dynamic adaptive 192b parallel programming results in a <; 3 PPM bit error rate, and supports a 10 year 105°C retention specification.