gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Crucial Role of the K<sup>+</sup>–Aluminium Oxide Interaction in K<sup>+</sup>‐Promoted Alumina‐ and Hydrotalcite‐Based Materials for CO<sub>2</sub> Sorption at High Temperatures (2008)

CO(2)-free hydrogen can be produced from coal gasification power plants by pre-combustion decarbonisation and carbon dioxide capture. Potassium carbonate promoted hydrotalcite-based and alumina-based materials are cheap and excellent materials for high-temperature (300-500 degrees C) adsorption of CO(2), and particularly promising in the sorption-enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) reaction. Alkaline promotion significantly improves CO(2) reversible sorption capacity at 300-500 degrees C for both materials. Hydrotalcites and promoted hydrotalcites, promoted magnesium oxide and promoted gamma-alumina were investigated by in situ analytical methods (IR spectroscopy, sorption experiments, X-ray diffraction) to identify structural and surface rearrangements. All experimental results show that potassium ions actually strongly interact with aluminium oxide centres in the aluminium-containing materials. This study unambiguously shows that potassium promotion of aluminium oxide centres in hydrotalcite generates basic sites which reversibly adsorb CO(2) at 400 degrees C.
Several Ways for Stabilizing HID Lamps Operation on High Frequency Power (1983)

High frequency characteristics of operating HID lamps were presented over a frequency range of 60 Hz to 20, 000 Hz. But in order to develope a new solid state ballast, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics over 20, 000 Hz.While operating HID lamps on high frequency power, the arc instability is observed. Arc flutters, snakes and sometimes extinguishes. This is called an acoustic resonance. This phenomenon occurs when the sound wave inside the arc tube specified by the tube shape and gases is resonant with the imposed high frequency power.Metal-halide lamp is difficult to operate stably on high frequency power because the wide unstable frequency range exists between 20 kHz and 50 kHz.The resonant frequency ranges of high pressure sodium lamp are narrow and exhibited at intervals. Therefore, HPS lamp is easy for the stable high frequency operation at the suitable selected frequency.The stable frequency range of mercury lamp is relatively narrow and it can be easily shif ted with the lamp tolerance and the lamp watt variation for the same rated lamp. And so the high frequency operation is difficult for mercury lamp.To eliminate the acoustic resonance, four ways of stable operation are presented. The first is to operate HID lamp at a frequency above all the acoustic resonancl frequencies. Secondly, square wave operation is good way for the stable operation The third is to operate with suitable frequency modulated waves. The last is to operate sinuous high frequency wave superposed with the 3rd harmonic frequency.The third and the last are better for designing ballast. That is because these ways of operation would be realized by the practical circuit (approxmately 20-50 kHz) as the fluorescent lamp is operated.The HID lamp solid state ballast should be developed by the way described in this paper.
3434 Damping Characters of Shape Memory Alloy by Ultrasonic Wave (2006)

The ultrasonic attenuation of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys is investigated over kilohertz range. There are three kinds of wire shape specimens, which are heat-treated by 400, 450 and 500℃. The martensitic transformation temperatures are obtained using by dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimeter. Ultrasonic wave is carried to the specimen and the vibration is translated to the voltage by the sensor. The voltage, which is induced by the wave, is measured both input side and output side on the specimen and then the attenuation is obtained by differentiated voltages. The attenuations are measured during heating and cooling. It was found that some of attenuations vary at the temperature on which the specimens transform from martensite to austenite or vice versa.
DETRUSOR THICKNESS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN ASSESSED BY A STANDARDIZED ULTRASOUND METHOD (2001)

The results indicate that ultrasonographic measurements of detrusor thickness in children may serve as a diagnostic tool and its usefulness in clinical as well as research work should be explored.
<i>Nuclear Physics</i>. W. Heisenberg New York: Philosophical Library, 1953. 225 + ix pp. $4.75. (1954)

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Isolation and Hypoglycemic Activity of Panaxans M, N, O and P, Glycans of<i>Panax ginseng</i>Roots (1987)

A polysaccharide fraction of the Oriental crude drug “ninjin” (ginseng), Panax ginseng roots from China, significantly lowered blood sugar level in mice. Activity-guided fractionation of the fraction furnished four glycans, panaxans M, N, O and P, which exerted hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-produced hyperglycemic mice.
A Novel Method for Monolithic Fabrication of Polymer Microneedles on a Platform for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2013)

This paper reports on the creation of a novel method for monolithic fabrication of out-of-plane polymer (SU-8) microneedles incorporating sharpness of needle-tips, hollowness of needle lumen as well as a platform on which the microneedles stand orthogonally with the hollow of the needle lumen continuous through the platform. In essence, both the microneedle as well as the platform on which it stands, are made of the same polymer material, rendering the process monolithic. The microneedle tips produced were quite sharp with tip diameters ranging between 5 to 10 µm, needle heights greater than 1 mm and resulting aspect ratio of 40. Further, mechanical tests performed on the fabricated microneedles demonstrate a critical compressive failure load of about 173 mN on average per microneedle, which translates into a safety factor greater than one for skin penetration.
Developing XML Web services with WebSphere Studio Application Developer (2002)

Web services have recently emerged as a powerful technology for integrating heterogeneous applications over the Internet. The widespread adoption of Web services promises to usher in an exciting new generation of advanced distributed applications. These will support a new and growing set of specifications, such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Web Services Description Language (WSDL), and Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI). Extensible Markup Language (XML) and its associated family of standards also play a central role in Web services by providing a data interchange format that is independent of both programming languages and operating systems. The application developer seeking to reap the benefits of Web services is therefore faced with a significant, and potentially steep, new learning curve. Clearly, application development tools that lower this barrier are crucial for the rapid and widespread adoption of Web services. This paper discusses the development tasks associated with XML Web services and describes a new suite of tools that improve developer productivity, by reducing the requirements for detailed knowledge of the underlying specifications and standards, and allow the developer to focus on the business problem domain. This suite of XML and Web services tools is part of IBM's recently released WebSphere® Studio Application Developer product, which is based on the new Eclipse open source tool integration platform.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TEST METHOD FOR MEASURING BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATES (1999)

Bulk specific gravity of the fine aggregate is used in hot mix asphalt (HMA) volumetric mix design (including Superpave) to determine the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the aggregate and the percentage of the voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA). The current test method (AASHTO T84) uses a cone method to establish the saturated surface dry (SSD) condition of the sample, which is necessary to conduct the test. This method does not work satisfactorily for fine aggregates which are very angular and have rough surface texture, and, therefore, do not slump readily when in SSD condition. This research project was undertaken to develop an automated equipment and method of establishing the SSD condition of the fine aggregate. The wet sample of the fine aggregate is placed in a rotating drum and is subjected to a steady flow of warm air. The temperature gradient of the incoming and outgoing air and the relative humidity of the outgoing air are monitored to establish the SSD condition. Two prototype devices were constructed. The test results obtained with the second prototype device are encouraging and have been reported in the paper. Further improvements to be made to the second prototype device to improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the test have been identified.
Blends of nylon/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber: Effects of blend ratio, dynamic vulcanization and reactive compatibilization on rheology and extrudate morphology (2003)

Abstract The melt flow behavior of thermoplastic elastomers from nylon and nitrile rubber (NBR) was studied as a function of blend ratio, dynamic crosslinking, compatibilization and temperature. The morphology of the extrudates, i.e., the size, shape and distribution of the domains, was analyzed. Uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends showed pseudoplastic behavior. The viscosity of the blends showed positive deviation from a linear rule of mixtures. Compatibilization using chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) increased the melt viscosity of the blends. The addition of the compatibilizer decreased the domain size of the dispersed phase, followed by an increase after a critical concentration of the compatibilizer, where the interface was saturated. The influence of dynamic vulcanization on the rheological behavior was also studied. The extrudate morphology depended on blend ratio, compatibilization and shear rate.
Challenges of Toxicity Management in Immuno-Oncology (2017)

Immunotherapies are conveying unprecedented efficacy in some tumor types, but with this success comes challenges in managing toxicities that are distinct from those of cytotoxic agents. Although most immune-related adverse events can be ameliorated by temporarily withholding the drug and administering steroids, grade 3 to 4 toxicities can be challenging and some adverse effects can be long-lasting. NCCN has developed an immunotherapy teaching and monitoring tool that can help in evaluating and managing these autoimmune-mediated inflammatory conditions, which can affect virtually all organ systems.
Solitaire™ with the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SWIFT PRIME) Trial: Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study Comparing the Solitaire Revascularization Device with IV tPA with IV tPA Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2015)

Statistical analysis will be conducted using simultaneous success criteria on the overall distribution of modified Rankin Scale (Rankin shift) and proportions of subjects achieving functional independence (mRS 0-2).
Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events in Pediatric Inpatients (2001)

Medication errors are common in pediatric inpatient settings, and further efforts are needed to reduce them.
Emerging Roles for Intersectin (ITSN) in Regulating Signaling and Disease Pathways (2013)

Intersectins (ITSNs) represent a family of multi-domain adaptor proteins that regulate endocytosis and cell signaling. ITSN genes are highly conserved and present in all metazoan genomes examined thus far. Lower eukaryotes have only one ITSN gene, whereas higher eukaryotes have two ITSN genes. ITSN was first identified as an endocytic scaffold protein, and numerous studies reveal a conserved role for ITSN in endocytosis. Subsequently, ITSNs were found to regulate multiple signaling pathways including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), GTPases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Class 2beta (PI3KC2β). ITSN has also been implicated in diseases such as Down Syndrome (DS), Alzheimer Disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the evolutionary conservation of ITSN, the latest research on the role of ITSN in endocytosis, the emerging roles of ITSN in regulating cell signaling pathways, and the involvement of ITSN in human diseases such as DS, AD, and cancer.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (2017)

The adequate management, especially the self-management can influence the prognosis of patients with IBD, even though it is unpredictable and burdened by the risk of malignant transformation.
Designing heterodimeric two‐stranded α‐helical coiled‐coils: the effect of chain length on protein folding, stability and specificity (2001)

The E/K coil, a heterodimeric coiled-coil, has been designed as a universal peptide capture and delivery system for use in applications such as biosensors and affinity chromatography. In this design, heterodimer formation is specified through the placement of charged residues at the e and g positions of the heptad repeat. The affinity and stability of the E/K coil has been modified in order to allow a greater range of conditions for association and dissociation by varying the chain length to obtain three, four and five heptad coiled-coils (21, 28 and 35 residues per polypeptide chain). The effect of chain length on stability and folding was examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy, guanidine hydrochloride denaturation, and redox equilibrium experiments. It was found that increases in chain length produced increases in the stability of heterodimeric coiled-coils, but in a nonlinear fashion. The resulting disulfide-bridged heterostranded molecules and reduced heterodimers span a wide range of stabilities (deltaG=3.3-11.9 kcal/mol), greatly expanding their scope for use in protein engineering and biomedical applications.
DistBlockNet: A Distributed Blockchains-Based Secure SDN Architecture for IoT Networks (2017)

The rapid increase in the number and diversity of smart devices connected to the Internet has raised the issues of flexibility, efficiency, availability, security, and scalability within the current IoT network. These issues are caused by key mechanisms being distributed to the IoT network on a large scale, which is why a distributed secure SDN architecture for IoT using the blockchain technique (DistBlockNet) is proposed in this research. It follows the principles required for designing a secure, scalable, and efficient network architecture. The DistBlockNet model of IoT architecture combines the advantages of two emerging technologies: SDN and blockchains technology. In a verifiable manner, blockchains allow us to have a distributed peer-to-peer network where non-confident members can interact with each other without a trusted intermediary. A new scheme for updating a flow rule table using a blockchains technique is proposed to securely verify a version of the flow rule table, validate the flow rule table, and download the latest flow rules table for the IoT forwarding devices. In our proposed architecture, security must automatically adapt to the threat landscape, without administrator needs to review and apply thousands of recommendations and opinions manually. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed model architecture and compared it to the existing model with respect to various metrics. The results of our evaluation show that DistBlockNet is capable of detecting attacks in the IoT network in real time with low performance overheads and satisfying the design principles required for the future IoT network.
Fast wavelength switching of semiconductor laser pulses by self-seeding (1996)

Electrically wavelength tunable single-mode laser pulses with a width (FWHM) of about 30 ps were achieved by gain-switching and self-seeding of a 1.5 μm Fabry-Perot laser diode. Using a novel setup with a short, wavelength depending cavity length, switching between different wavelengths is demonstrated here at a frequency of 10 kHz. The buildup of stable single mode emission takes less than 7 roundtrips thus showing the potential of this approach for fast electrical wavelength switching in the tens-of-MHz range.
Knowledge Media Design – Konturen eines aufstrebenden Forschungs- und Praxisfeldes (2006)

Das Gebiet des Knowledge Media Designs (KMD) wird in den Bereichen Theorie, Methodik und Praxis vorgestellt. Unter Theorien werden Anschlusse an aktuelle Diskurse aufgezeigt, wobei auf technisches Denken, postmodernes Wissen und Nicht-Wissen sowie auf systemtheoretische Ansatze Bezug genommen wird. Der Teil Methoden und Forschungsfelder stellt die Bandbreite gegenwartiger Aktivitaten im Uberblick dar. Unter Praxis werden Voraussetzungen fur erfolgreiche Projekte im Bereich der Wissensmedien gezeigt. Exemplarisch wird uber ein Anwendungsprojekt vom Institute of Electronic Business berichtet, wo am Beispiel einer Abteilung der Daimler Chrysler AG ein Wissensraum modelliert wurde. Eine Vielzahl von Links und Literaturhinweisen bietet vielfaltige Einstiege ins Thema. Zusammenfassend wird deutlich, dass Knowledge Media Design zum Ziel hat, eine effizientere Generierung und Kommunikation von Wissen durch die Gestaltung kognitiver Behausungen zu ermoglichen. Mit diesem Begriff wird eine Abkehr von einem instrumentellen Maschinenverstandnis markiert und ein Eigensinn der Medien anerkannt sowie lebensweltlich verortet. Der Entwurf sozio-technischer Systeme erfordert integrative Ansatze, womit KMD als ein Forschungs- und Praxisfeld erscheint, das wesentliche Beitrage zur Ausgestaltung der Wissensgesellschaft erwarten lasst.
Forward-viewing CMUT arrays for medical imaging (2004)

This paper reports the design and testing of forward-viewing annular arrays fabricated using capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology. Recent research studies have shown that CMUTs have broad frequency bandwidth and high-transduction efficiency. One- and two-dimensional CMUT arrays of various sizes already have been fabricated, and their viability for medical imaging applications has been demonstrated. We fabricated 64-element, forward-viewing annular arrays using the standard CMUT fabrication process and carried out experiments to measure the operating frequency, bandwidth, and transmit/receive efficiency of the array elements. The annular array elements, designed for imaging applications in the 20 MHz range, had a resonance frequency of 13.5 MHz in air. The immersion pulse-echo data collected from a plane reflector showed that the devices operate in the 5-26 MHz range with a fractional bandwidth of 135%. The output pressure at the surface of the transducer was measured to be 24 kPa/V. These values translate into a dynamic range of 131.5 dB for 1-V excitation in 1-Hz bandwidth with a commercial low noise receiving circuitry. The designed, forward-viewing annular CMUT array is suitable for mounting on the front surface of a cylindrical catheter probe and can provide Doppler information for measurement of blood flow and guiding information for navigation through blood vessels in intravascular ultrasound imaging.
Chemically exfoliated large-area two-dimensional flakes of molybdenum disulfide for device applications (2013)

A solution-based exfoliation method for obtaining large-area two-dimensional flakes of molybdenum disulfide, followed by the fabrication of electrical devices is presented in this manuscript. The exfoliation method is based on the use of an aprotic solvent, namely, acetonitrile under mild sonication steps. In order to fabricate devices, a dielectrophoresis technique is used for transferring MoS2 flakes site-specifically on to the electrode pairs pre-written on the glass chips. The devices fabricated thus can be operated as chemical sensor in liquids while investigations under photo illumination indicate that such devices can also efficiently function as photodetectors.
Computer simulation and sled test validation of a powerbase wheelchair and occupant subjected to frontal crash conditions (1999)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has led to an increased number of wheelchair users seeking transportation services. Many of these individuals are unable to transfer to a vehicle and are instead required to travel seated in their wheelchairs. Unfortunately, wheelchairs are not typically designed with the same occupant protection features as motor vehicle seats, and wheelchair seated occupants may be at higher risk for injury in a crash. To study the effects of crash level forces on wheelchairs and their occupants, it is useful to simulate crash conditions using computer modeling. This study has used a dynamic lumped mass crash simulator, in combination with sled impact testing, to develop a model of a secured commercial powerbase and restrained occupant subjected to a 20 g/30 mph frontal motor vehicle crash. Time histories profiles of simulation-generated wheelchair kinematics, occupant accelerations, tiedown forces and occupant restraint forces were compared to sled impact testing for model validation. Validation efforts for this model were compared to validation results found acceptable for the ISO/SAE surrogate wheelchair model. This wheelchair-occupant simulation model can be used to investigate wheelchair crash response or to evaluate the influence of various factors on occupant crash safety.
Application of silicon crystal orientation and anisotropic effects to the control of charge spreading in devices (1974)

Advantageous use of the silicon, diamond cubic crystal structure is described from the aspect of orientation-dependent etching. The use of this technology can affect device characteristics, device and circuit isolation, circuit element densities, and process control. Several laboratories have reported advantageous use of }100{ oriented silicon. This paper discusses the advantageous use of both {100} and {110} silicon orientations. In particular, the {110} technology is discussed from a high packing density aspect as applied to the processing and characteristics of silicon diode array targets with improved television blooming control.
Study of fast laser induced cutting of silicon materials (2014)

We report on a fast machining process for cutting silicon wafers using laser radiation without melting or ablating and without additional pretreatment. For the laser induced cutting of silicon materials a defocused Gaussian laser beam has been guided over the wafer surface. In the course of this, the laser radiation caused a thermal induced area of tension without affecting the material in any other way. With the beginning of the tension cracking process in the laser induced area of tension emerged a crack, which could be guided by the laser radiation along any direction over the wafer surface. The achieved cutting speed was greater than 1 m/s. We present results for different material modifications and wafer thicknesses. The qualitative assessment is based on SEM images of the cutting edges. With this method it is possible to cut mono- and polycrystalline silicon wafers in a very fast and clean way, without having any waste products. Because the generated cracking edge is also very planar and has only a small roughness, with laser induced tension cracking high quality processing results are easily accessible.