gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Architecture for VoIP Conferencing (2003)

Real-Time services are traditionally supported on\ncircuit switched network. However, there is a need to port these services on packet switched network. Architecture for audio conferencing application over the Internet in the light of ITU-T H.323 recommendations is considered. In a conference, considering packets only from a set of selected clients can reduce speech quality degradation because mixing packets from all clients can lead to lack of speech clarity. A distributed algorithm and architecture for selecting clients for mixing is suggested here based on a new quantifier of the voice activity called\n“Loudness Number” (LN). The proposed system distributes the\ncomputation load and reduces the load on client terminals. The highlights of this architecture are scalability, bandwidth saving and speech quality enhancement. Client selection for playing out tries to mimic a physical conference where the most vocal participants attract more attention. The contributions of the paper are expected to aid H.323 recommendations implementations for Multipoint Processors (MP). A working prototype based on the proposed architecture is already functional.
Soft x-ray tomography diagnostic for the Alcator C tokamak (1986)

A soft x-ray tomography diagnostic has been built and operated on the Alcator C tokamak with the use of an 80-channel array of detectors. The detector system consists of miniature PIN photodiodes which are located around the periphery of the plasma at one toroidal location (top and bottom ports) in order to image the poloidal cross section of the plasma’s soft x-ray emissivity. The compact size and inexpensive cost of these detectors allow for the large number of views required to avoid any assumptions about plasma rotation, position, or symmetry in the reconstruction algorithm. The use of logarithmic amplifiers in the electronic circuitry makes it possible to record conveniently data from a wide range of plasma operating parameters. This diagnostic has been used to study plasma position and shape, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena, and the effects of impurities. Data from a pellet-fueled discharge exhibiting large-scale MHD activity are presented. The system has recently been expanded to 128 detectors with the addition of an array on a side port in order to improve its coverage of the plasma and the resolution of the reconstructions.
The Role of Mannitol as a Nephroprotectant in Patients Receiving Cisplatin Therapy (2012)

Although mannitol plus hydration is used to decrease cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, there are no compelling data that the addition of mannitol is more nephroprotective than the use of hydration alone. Appropriate hydration remains the most reasonable strategy to reduce the incidence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Races of <i>Phytophthora sojae</i> on Soybean in Illinois (2000)

Phytophthora root rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), caused by Phytophthora sojae M. J. Kauffmann & J. W. Gerdemann, has been isolated throughout the soybean-producing regions of the United States. There are more than 39 identified races of P. sojae pathogenic on soybean, and 13 host resistance alleles have been identified at 7 loci (1). None of these alleles confers resistance to all races of P. sojae. The most commonly used resistance allele, Rps1k, confers resistance to the greatest number of races (2). The objective of this study was to identify races of P. sojae in Illinois soybean fields to determine whether the currently used resistance alleles are effective against the P. sojae races found in Illinois. Soybean breeders must be aware of the existence and distribution of races to incorporate appropriate sources of genetic resistance into cultivars. From 192 soil samples collected throughout Illinois in 1997, 33 isolates were obtained and identified to race by inoculating Rps isolines of soybean cv. Williams. A new race with virulence to the Rps1d and Rps7 alleles, designated as race 54, accounted for 48% of the isolates. Another new race with virulence to Rps1d, Rps3a, Rps3c, Rps4, Rps5, Rps6, and Rps7 alleles, designated race 55, was identified in one sample. One isolate, identified as race 41, was obtained from a diseased plant with the Rps1k allele. Another isolate, identified as race 43, was obtained from a diseased plant with the Rps1c allele. Based on virulence patterns of P. sojae, most of the isolates obtained from Illinois soils were races 1, 3, and 4 or variants of these races, such as race 54, with added virulence to the Rps1d allele. References: (1) A. F. Schmitthenner. 1999. Compendium of Soybean Diseases. 4th ed. G. L. Hartman, J. B. Sinclair, and J. C. Rupe, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. pp. 39-42. (2) A. F. Schmitthenner, M. Hobe, and R. G. Bhat. Plant Dis. 78:269, 1994.
Construction of Human Factor IX Expression Vectors in Retroviral Vector Frames Optimized for Muscle Cells (1996)

Development of a highly refined human factor IX (hFIX) expression vector system is critical for establishing a durable hemophilia B gene therapy. Here we report construction of a series of retroviral vectors and identification of an optimal basic structure and components for expressing hFIX in skeletal muscle cells. These vectors, which are derived from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) with its enhancer sequence in the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) deleted, contained internal hFIX expression units inserted in forward configuration without or with a viral vector intron sequence (pdL or pdLIn vector frame, respectively) or in inverted configuration without a viral vector intron sequence (pdLi frame). Internal expression units contained a hFIX cDNA or hFIX minigene (hIXm1 or hIXm2) derived from the hFIX cDNA by insertion of a shortened first intron sequence of the hFIX gene. Regardless of the promoter and vector frame used, both hIXm1 and hIXm2 gave 10- to 14-fold higher hFIX expression compared to those with hFIX cDNA. Internal hFIX transcriptional control units of these vectors were composed of various promoters linked with or without the muscle creatine kinase enhancer (Me) sequence. Promoters tested included those of alpha-actin (alpha A775), beta-actin (beta A280), cytochrome oxidase (CO1250 and CO650), myogenin (Mg1031 and Mg353), and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). beta A200, which was derived from beta A280 by eliminating potential polyadenylation sites, was also tested. As extensively examined with the myogenin promoter, presence of one or multiple copies of Me in the vectors elevated the expression activity in myotubes by 4.5- to 19-fold over those without Me, but not significantly in myoblasts. Similar enhancements in expression activity with Me were also observed with other promoters, except those of RSV and CO. The latter two showed only modest enhancements in the presence of Me. As assayed with myotubes in culture, the general order of hFIX expression activity of various promoters with four copies of Me in the three different vector frames was beta A280 approximately beta A200 > Mg353 > Mg1031 approximately RSV approximately CO650 approximately alpha A775 > CO1250. One exception was that CO650 showed significantly less activity in pdLi-type vectors than in the pdLIn vectors. Based on the systematic analyses of various structural components, a group of pdLi vectors consisting of beta A200, two to four copies of Me, and hIXm2 was identified to have the optimal basic vector structure to be used in retrovirus for hFIX expression in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. The present studies provide the critical first step for establishing a highly refined hemophilia B gene therapy based on skeletal muscle-targeted hFIX gene transfer.
Implementation of dispersion-free slow acoustic wave propagation and phase engineering with helical-structured metamaterials (2016)

The ability to slow down wave propagation in materials has attracted significant research interest. A successful solution will give rise to manageable enhanced wave-matter interaction, freewheeling phase engineering and spatial compression of wave signals. The existing methods are typically associated with constructing dispersive materials or structures with local resonators, thus resulting in unavoidable distortion of waveforms. Here we show that, with helical-structured acoustic metamaterials, it is now possible to implement dispersion-free sound deceleration. The helical-structured metamaterials present a non-dispersive high effective refractive index that is tunable through adjusting the helicity of structures, while the wavefront revolution plays a dominant role in reducing the group velocity. Finally, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that the helical-structured metamaterials with designed inhomogeneous unit cells can turn a normally incident plane wave into a self-accelerating beam on the prescribed parabolic trajectory. The helical-structured metamaterials will have profound impact to applications in explorations of slow wave physics.
Robust, end-user programmable, multiple-window coordination (1998)

No abstract available.
Surgical Management of Pheochromocytoma with the Use of Metyrosine (1990)

Despite recommended preoperative preparation with alpha-adrenergic blockers, severe hemodynamic instability may occur during operations to resect pheochromocytoma. We combined the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor metyrosine in an attempt to better manage the hypertension of patients with pheochromocytoma undergoing surgical resection. This report reviews the cases of 25 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for known intra-abdominal pheochromocytoma. Each patient had elevated serum or urine levels of catecholamines or their metabolites. Nineteen patients were prepared before operation with phenoxybenzamine and metyrosine and six patients were given phenoxybenzamine alone. There were no significant differences in maximum, minimum, or mean blood pressure before or after tumor resection between patients who received metyrosine and those who did not. However careful review suggested that those who received metyrosine had more severe disease as judged by biochemical criteria. Study of selected patients matched for age and severity of disease suggested that the intraoperative blood pressure management of patients prepared with phenoxybenzamine and metyrosine was facilitated. In addition metyrosine-prepared patients lost less blood and required less volume replacement during surgery than did non-metyrosine-prepared patients. There were no apparent differences in postoperative fluid requirements. Although the study is not a prospective randomized trial, a retrospective review of patients managed with the combination of phenoxybenzamine and metyrosine suggests that surgery to resect pheochromocytoma can be better performed with both drugs than with phenoxybenzamine alone. The combination regimen appears to result in better blood pressure control, less blood loss, and the need for less intraoperative fluid replacement than does the traditional method of single-agent alpha-adrenergic blockade.
Progress in high-power high-efficiency VCSEL arrays (2008)

We present recent results on high-power, high-efficiency two-dimensional vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays emitting around 808nm. Selectively oxidized, top-emitting single VCSEL emitters with 49% power conversion efficiency were developed as the basic building block of these arrays. Because of the strong GaAs absorption at the 808nm wavelength, the traditional bottom-emitting, substrate-emission configuration is not possible for large arrays that require efficient heat dissipation. The processing and packaging challenges are discussed. We demonstrate 3mm x 3mm arrays and 5mm x 5mm arrays with the GaAs substrate completely removed and mounted on diamond submounts. These arrays emit more than 50W and 120W, respectively, and exhibit a maximum powerconversion efficiency of 42%.
Methodology for Assessing the Effects of Plain Dents, Wrinkle Bends, and Mechanical Damage on Pipeline Integrity (2007)

Abstract According to statistics compiled by the U.S. Office of Pipeline Safety, mechanical damage is one of the primary causes of pipeline failures in the United States. For more than 30 years a significant body of research has been collected in an effort to understand the failure mechanisms and mechanics associated with pipeline defects that include plain dents, wrinkle bends, and mechanical damage involving dents with gouges. In the U.S. organizations such as the Pipeline Research Council International, Gas Technology Institute, and the American Petroleum Institute have led the change in funding these research efforts, as well as other efforts from research organizations around the world. While some guidance is provided by the ASME B31.4 and B31.8 pipeline codes in assessing pipeline damage, there is no single document that captures the lessons learned from the extensive body of research and experience that currently exists. To a large extent this is related to the complexity of the subject; however, there is a significant need to develop for industry a method for ranking the severity of pipeline damage. At the present time there is no single method for doing this. This paper will provide insights on a proposed three-tiered system to help operators determine which defects represent the most serious threat to the mechanical integrity of their systems. The intent is to provide operators with a grading tool based on research testing, material characteristics, experience, and dent mechanics in order for repairs to be made in a manner that ensures the safe operation of pipeline systems.
Hydrolysis and photolysis of oxytetracycline in aqueous solution (2009)

Oxytetracycline ((2Z,4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6S,12aS)-2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino-5,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione) is a member of tetracycline antibiotics family and is widely administered to farm animals for the purpose of therapeutical treatment and health protection. Increasing attention has been paid to the environmental fate of oxytetracycline and other veterinary antibiotics with the occurrence of these antibiotics in the environment. The hydrolysis and photolysis degradation of oxytetracycline was investigated in this study. Oxytetracycline hydrolysis was found to obey the first-order model and similar rate constant values ranging from 0.094 +/- 0.001 to 0.106 +/- 0.003 day(-1) were obtained at different initial concentration ranging from 10 to 230 microM. Solution pH and temperature were shown to have remarked effects on oxytetracycline hydrolysis. The hydrolysis in pH neutral solution appeared to be much faster than in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Oxytetracycline half-life decreased from 1.2 x 10(2) to 0.15 day with the increasing temperature from 4 +/- 0.8 to 60 +/- 1 degrees C. The presence of Ca(2+) made oxytetracycline hydrolytic degradation kinetics deviate from the simple first-order model to the availability-adjusted first-order model and greatly slowed down the hydrolysis. Oxytetracycline photolysis was found to be very fast with a degradation rate constant at 3.61 +/- 0.06 day(-1), which is comparable to that of hydrolysis at 60 degrees C. The presence of Ca(2+) accelerated oxytetracycline photolysis, implying that oxytetracycline become more vulnerable to sunlight irradiation after chelating with Ca(2+). The photolysis may be the dominant degradation pathway of oxytetracycline in shallow transparent water environment.
DNA methylation markers for early detection of women’s cancer: promise and challenges (2014)

Breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers cause significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the presence of existing screening, diagnostic and treatment modalities, they continue to pose considerable unsolved challenges. Overdiagnosis is a growing problem in breast cancer screening and neither screening nor early diagnosis of ovarian or endometrial cancer is currently possible. Moreover, treatment of the diversity of these cancers presenting in the clinic is not sufficiently personalized at present. Recent technological advances, including reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, methylation arrays, digital PCR, next-generation sequencing and advanced statistical data analysis, enable the analysis of methylation patterns in cell-free tumor DNA in serum/plasma. Ongoing work is bringing these methods together for the analysis of samples from large clinical trials, which have been collected well in advance of cancer diagnosis. These efforts pave the way for the development of a noninvasive method that would enable us to overcome existing challenges to personalized medicine.
Evidence of similar organization of the chromosomes carrying the major histocompatibility complex in man and other primates (1980)

The chromosome localization and gene synteny of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the great apes and rhesus monkey were investigated using somatic cell hybrids. The presence of the MHC antigens was determined either with a microadsorption technique employing primate alloantisera, or with a radioimmune assay. The enzymes phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and soluble maleic enzyme (ME1) were assayed in those hybrids where electrophoretic separations could be achieved. A chromosome homologous to the human No. 6 was found in the chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and rhesus monkey, and its genomic organization is similar to that of man.
Selective Monomethylation of Anilines by Cu(OAc)<sub>2</sub>-Promoted Cross-Coupling with MeB(OH)<sub>2</sub> (2009)

N-Methylanilines are readily synthesized in high yields through the copper(II)-promoted coupling of anilines and methylboronic acid. This method represents a new approach for the selective monomethylation of anilines, and it is the first reported example of a Chan-Lam coupling involving the use of methylboronic acid. An incubation period of the substrate with the copper reagent is needed before addition of the methylboronic acid.
The manufacturing technology of continuous glass fibres (1973)

1. A Brief History. 2. Glass and Glass Fibres. 3. The Products and Manufacturing Processes. The products. An outline of the manufacturing processes. 4. Glass Manufacture. Glass compositions. Selection of raw materials for E glass manufacture. Handling, weighing, and mixing of raw materials into batch. Production of E glass. The forehearth or feeder. Technical control of glass manufacture. 5. The Conversion of Glass into Glass Fibre. Marbles quality control. Sorting and feeding of marbles to bushings. The fibre drawing furnace - the bushing. Bushings, heating and associated services, temperature control, and their start-up and operation. Fibre size applicators. Water sprays, gathering shoes, combs and pull-down rollers. The mechanical attenuation of fibres: winders and other equipment, their principles of operation and construction. The fibre forming department. The handling of fibre cakes or direct-wound rovings. The drying of glass fibre cakes. Control of the fibre forming process. 6. Fibre Sizes for Continuous Glass Fibres. Fibre sizes for yarns and fabrics. Fibre sizes for glass fibres for the direct reinforcement of polymers. Formulations of fibre sizes for the reinforcement of plastics, etc. Factors governing adjustments to fibre size formulations. Fibre sizes for yarns and cords for the reinforcement of rubber and elastomers. Appendices 7. The Conversion of Glass Fibre Strand into Products. The manufacture of chopped strand mat. The manufacture of continuous strand mat. The manufacture of tissue or roofing mat. The manufacture of rovings. The manufacture of woven roving fabric. The manufacture of chopped strands from cakes. The manufacture of yarns. The disposal of waste glass fibre strands and products. 8. Health and Safety.
Both Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR)β1 and TRβ2 Isoforms Contribute to the Regulation of Hypothalamic Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (2004)

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential regulators of vertebrate development and metabolism. Central mechanisms governing their production have evolved, with the beta-TH receptor (TRbeta) playing a key regulatory role in the negative feedback effects of circulating TH levels on production of hypothalamic TRH and hypophyseal TSH. Both TRbeta-isoforms (TRbeta1 and TRbeta2) are expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary. However, their respective roles in TH-dependent transcriptional regulation of TRH are undefined. We confirmed the preferential role of TRbeta vs. TRalpha isoforms in TRH regulation in wild-type mice in vivo by using the TRbeta preferential agonist GC-1. We next determined the effects of tissue-specific rescue of TRbeta1 and TRbeta2 isoforms by somatic gene transfer in hypothalami of TRbeta null (TRbeta(-/-)) mice. TH-dependent TRH transcriptional repression was impaired in TRbeta(-/-) mice, but was restored by cotransfection of either TRbeta1 or TRbeta2 into the hypothalamus. TRbeta1, but not TRbeta2, displayed a role in ligand-independent activation. In situ hybridization was used to examine endogenous TRH expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of TRbeta(-/-) or TRalpha null (TRalpha(o/o)) mice under different thyroid states. In contrast to published data on TRbeta2(-/-) mice, we found that both ligand-independent TRH activation and ligand-dependent TRH repression were severely impaired in TRbeta(-/-) mice. This study thus provides functional in vivo data showing that both TRbeta1 and TRbeta2 isoforms have specific roles in regulating TRH transcription.
Competitive Adsorption of Arsenic and Fluoride onto Economically Prepared Aluminum Oxide/Hydroxide Nanoparticles: Multicomponent Isotherms and Spent Adsorbent Management (2017)

The present study deals with adsorptive removal of arsenic and fluoride in single as well as bicomponent system using aluminum oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles (AHNP). For single component system, the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is found as 833.33 μg/g for arsenic and 2000 μg/g for fluoride at optimum conditions. The adsorption process is well explained by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for both arsenic and fluoride. A real groundwater sample, having arsenic 512 μg/L and fluoride 6300 μg/L along with other ions, has also been treated successfully. Among different isotherms, the modified competitive Langmuir isotherm is found to be most suitable to represent the bicomponent system. Solidification of the spent adsorbent through brick formation is investigated, and this process is found to be an effective option for its management. Through economic evaluation, the adsorbent and treatment costs are found as ∼86.89 INR/kg and 0.36 INR/L, respectively.
Design of an intelligent Web-based help desk system (2002)

This paper describes a project that extends the concept of help desk automation by offering World Wide Web access to a case-based help desk. It explores the use of case-based reasoning and cognitive engineering models to create an 'intelligent' help desk system, one that learns. It discusses the AutoHelp architecture for such a help desk and summarizes the technologies used to create a help desk for NASA data users.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasma Deposition and Characterization of Thin Silicon‐Rich Silicon Nitride Films. (1987)

Abstract Si 3 N 4 thin films containing excess Si (up to 72 at.%) have been prepared by plasma‐enhanced CVD at 350 °C by the glow discharge reaction of gaseous silane in NH 3 in a low pressure CVD tube‐type reactor operated at 450 kHz.