gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case Study: First Implantation of a Frozen, Devitalized Tissue-engineered Vascular Graft for Urgent Hemodialysis Access (2011)

Previously we reported on the mid- to long-term follow-up in the first clinical trial to use a completely autologous tissue-engineered graft in the high pressure circulation. In these early studies, living grafts were built from autologous fibroblasts and endothelial cells obtained from small skin and vein biopsies. The graft was assembled using a technique called tissue-engineering by self-assembly (TESA), where robust conduits were grown without support from exogenous biomaterials or synthetic scaffolding. One limitation with this earlier work was the long lead times required to build the completely autologous vascular graft. Here we report the first implant of a frozen, devitalized, completely autologous Lifeline™ vascular graft. In a departure from previous studies, the entire fibroblast layer, which provides the mechanical backbone of the graft, was air-dried then stored at -80°C until shortly before implant. Five days prior to implant, the devitalized conduit was rehydrated, and its lumen was seeded with living autologous endothelial cells to provide an antithrombogenic lining. The graft was implanted as an arteriovenous shunt between the brachial artery and the axillary vein in a patient who was dependent upon a semipermanent dialysis catheter placed in the femoral vein. Eight weeks postoperatively, the graft functions without complication. This strategy of preemptive skin and vein biopsy and cold-preserving autologous tissue allows the immediate availability of an autologous arteriovenous fistula, and is an important step forward in our strategy to provide allogeneic tissue-engineered grafts available "off-the-shelf".
A microscope-television system for studying flow velocity in human skin capillaries (1977)

A noninvasive technique for studying blood flow dynamics in human skin capillaries is described. A light microscope combined with a closed-circuit TV system was used to monitor and record capillary blood flow velocity on video tape. Arterial pulsations were recorded plethysmographically and converted into video signals by modulating the position of a square, white area in the televised scene. Twelve healthy subjects were studied. The mean (+/- SD) resting capillary blood flow velocity was 0.65 +/- 0.3 mm/s at an average skin temperature of 30.4 +/- 2.3 degrees C. Spontaneous fluctuations at a frequency of 6-10 cycles/min were observed in most subjects. A well-pronounced flow pulsatile component could be demonstrated in all capillaries studied. The technique can be used in clinical practice for studying the physiology and pathophysiology of cutaneous microcirculation in man. It can be expected that the method may become an important diagnostic tool in diseases that involve disturbances of the microcirculation, such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.
Electrical properties of CuGaS2 (1973)

A series of CuGaS2 crystals were annealed in excess sulfur at temperatures between 250 and 850°C. This treatment varies the room-temperature hole density from 5 × 1015 cm−3 to 2 × 1018 cm−3. From the temperature dependence of the resistivity, the acceptor ionization energies of several representative samples were determined. The energy increases from 5 to 70 meV as a function of increasing resistivity.
Effect of Glutaredoxin and Protein Disulfide Isomerase on the Glutathione-Dependent Folding of Ribonuclease A (1997)

Protein folding, associated with oxidation and isomerization of disulfide bonds, was studied using reduced and denatured RNase A (rd-RNase A) and mixed disulfide between glutathione and reduced RNase A derivative (GS-RNase A) as starting materials. Folding was initiated by addition of free glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and was monitored by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) time-course analysis and recovery of the native catalytic activity. The ESMS analysis permitted both the identification and quantitation of the population of intermediates present during the refolding process. Refolding of rd-RNase A and GS-RNase A was also performed in the presence of glutaredoxin (Grx) and/or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). All the analyses indicate a pathway of sequential reactions in the formation of native RNase A. First, the reduced protein reacts with a single glutathione molecule to form a mixed disulfide which then evolves to an intramolecular S-S bond via thiol-disulfide exchange. Only at this stage, the intermediate containing one intramolecular S-S reacts with a further glutathione molecule, reiterating the process. An analogous mechanism occurs in the refolding of GS-RNase A. The structural analysis of the intermediates formed during the refolding of RNase A showed for the first time that Grx is actually able to catalyze both formation and reduction of mixed disulfides involving glutatione. In both refolding processes, starting from either rd-RNase A or GS-RNase A, Grx displays a significant catalysis at the early stages of the process. Addition of PDI led to a net catalysis of the entire process without appearing to alter the refolding pathway. In the presence of both Grx and PDI, the two enzymes showed a synergistic activity either starting from rd-RNase A, as previously reported [Lundström, J., and Holmgren, A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7822-7828], or starting from GS-RNase A. Present data suggest that the synergistic effect can be explained assuming that Grx actually facilitates PDI action by catalyzing formation or reduction of mixed disulfides. The mixed disulfides are then rapidly converted into intramolecular disulfides in the presence of PDI. These steps are repeated sequentially throughout the whole refolding, resulting in an immediate formation of fully oxidized species even at the very beginning of the reaction. Finally, a Grx mutant, C14S Grx, in which one of the active site cysteine residues (Cys14) had been replaced by serine, had a similar effect on the distribution of folding intermediates, compared to the wild-type protein, thus demonstrating that Grx acts by a monothiol mechanism either in the reduction or in the oxidation step.
Analysis of User Procedural Compliance in Controlling a Simulated Process (1986)

An experiment on the effect of training on procedural compliance is described. Two types of training were investigated in the context of a simulated process. One group of subjects was provided with procedures for use in controlling the plant. Another group was provided procedures plus instruction in the theory of the plant (i.e., a description of the physical principles of operation). The training was found to have differential effects on the types of procedural errors committed. The principles plus procedures group committed more blatant errors and omitted steps, whereas the procedures-only group used more commands that were inefficient.
Heart rate variability during gravity transitions (2003)

During parabolic flight short periods of microgravity and hypergravity are created. During standing position time domain analysis showed higher vagal modulation of the autonomic nervous system in microgravity compared to hypergravity. We hypothesised that this behaviour could better be unravelled by analysis of frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) techniques. During parabolic flights a subject is exposed to 20-25 sec periods of microgravity (at the top of the parabola), preceded and followed by 20 sec duration episodes of hypergravity. No significant differences were found in the frequency parameters in supine position for each of the phases. In standing position higher values for Total Power, high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), LF/HF and HF% in 0 g phase were found in comparison with the 3 other phases. LF% was significant lower in standing position at 0 g compared with 1.8 g. These results show that despite the time window limitations, frequency analysis is still possible on ultra short data segments.
Equilibrium aspects of the extraction of caesium nitrate by dicyclohexano-21-crown-7, dibenzo-21-crown-7 and bis-[tert-alkylbenzo]-21-crown-7 in 1,2-dichloroethane (1995)

The extraction of caesium nitrate has been measured for the crown ethers dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DB21C7), bis-[4(5),4′(5′)-tert-butylbenzo]-21-crown-7 [B(tBB)21C7], bis-[4,4′-tert-octylbenzo]-21-crown-7 [B(tOB)21C7] and dicyclohexano-21-crown-7 (DC21C7) in 1,2-dichloroethane at 25 °C. Variation of the aqueous caesium nitrate concentration up to 0.4 mol dm–3 and organic-phase crown ether concentration up to 0.025 mol dm–3 was modelled by the program SXLSQI. Formation of the species CsBNO3(B = crown ether) and partial dissociation to the ions CsB+ and NO3– in the organic phase satisfactorily account for the observed behaviour of the benzo crown ethers. However, evidence for both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 metal : crown complexes was obtained for DC21C7. Differences in alkylation of the benzo groups did not produce substantial differences in the extraction behaviour of the three benzo crowns. By contrast, DC21C7 extracts CsNO3 much more strongly than the benzo crowns. Extraction constants are compared with constants available from previous studies of caesium extraction by related polyoxyethylene compounds.
<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>Infection in Children and Protection from Subsequent Amebiasis (2006)

The contribution of amebiasis to the burden of diarrheal disease in children and the degree to which immunity is acquired from natural infection were assessed in a 4-year prospective observational study of 289 preschool children in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Entamoeba histolytica infection was detected at least once in 80%, and repeat infection in 53%, of the children who completed 4 years of observation. Annually there were 0.09 episodes/child of E. histolytica-associated diarrhea and 0.03 episodes/child of E. histolytica-associated dysentery. Fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-parasite Gal/GalNAc lectin carbohydrate recognition domain (anti-CRD) was detected in 91% (183/202) of the children at least once and was associated with a lower incidence of infection and disease. We concluded that amebiasis was a substantial burden on the overall health of the cohort children. Protection from amebiasis was associated with a stool anti-CRD IgA response. The challenge of producing an effective vaccine will be to improve upon naturally acquired immunity, which does not provide absolute protection from reinfection.
An enzyme switch sensitive to NADH (1991)

A microarray electrode coated with pyrrole–N-methylpyrrole copolymer containing diaphorase shows an on–off response upon addition of NADH, since diaphorase catalyses the reduction of the polymer by NADH from a conductive to an insulating state.
Synthesis of Layered Inorganic−Organic Nanocomposite Films from Mono-, Di-, and Trimethoxy(alkyl)silane−Tetramethoxysilane Systems (2001)

Transparent thin films of layered inorganic−organic nanocomposites were prepared by the sol−gel reactions of alkyldimethylmethoxysilane, alkylmethyldimethoxysilane, and alkyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of tetramethoxysilane followed by spin-coating. The macroscopic homogeneity and the nanostructural ordering of the films were strongly affected by the degree of polycondensation in the precursor solutions. The formation of siloxane networks containing organosiloxane units was confirmed by 29Si MAS NMR, suggesting that the structure of the inorganic−organic interface can be designed at a molecular level by the functionalities in the alkylmethoxysilanes used. On the other hand, the 29Si NMR spectra of the precursor solutions showed that the monomeric species almost disappeared and that co-condensed oligomers were formed at the initial stages of the reactions. In the cases of mono- and dimethoxysilanes, the ability to form ordered structures depends largely on the co-condensation with tetramethoxysilane in the precursor solutions.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Human Astrocytes Disrupts Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity by a Gap Junction-Dependent Mechanism (2011)

HIV infection of the CNS is an early event after primary infection, resulting in neurological complications in a significant number of individuals despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). The main cells infected with HIV within the CNS are macrophages/microglia and a small fraction of astrocytes. The role of these few infected astrocytes in the pathogenesis of neuroAIDS has not been examined extensively. Here, we demonstrate that few HIV-infected astrocytes (4.7 ± 2.8% in vitro and 8.2 ± 3.9% in vivo) compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. This BBB disruption is due to endothelial apoptosis, misguided astrocyte end feet, and dysregulation of lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, BK(Ca) channels, and ATP receptor activation within astrocytes. All of these alterations in BBB integrity induced by a few HIV-infected astrocytes were gap junction dependent, as blocking these channels protected the BBB from HIV-infected astrocyte-mediated compromise. We also demonstrated apoptosis in vivo of BBB cells in contact with infected astrocytes using brain tissue sections from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques as a model of neuroAIDS, suggesting an important role for these few infected astrocytes in the CNS damage seen with HIV infection. Our findings describe a novel mechanism of bystander BBB toxicity mediated by low numbers of HIV-infected astrocytes and amplified by gap junctions. This mechanism of toxicity contributes to understanding how CNS damage is spread even in the current ART era and how minimal or controlled HIV infection still results in cognitive impairment in a large population of infected individuals.
Kumada–Corriu Cross‐Couplings with 2‐Pyridyl Grignard Reagents (2010)

SPOs meet the challenge: A palladium complex derived from air- and moisture-stable secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) (1-Ad)2P(O)H enables general cross-coupling reactions of challenging electron-deficient 2-pyridyl Grignard reagents with ample scope (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stabilization of Fe−Pd Nanoparticles with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Enhanced Transport and Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene in Soil and Groundwater (2006)

This study reports a new strategy for stabilizing palladized iron (Fe−Pd) nanoparticles with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer. Compared to nonstabilized Fe−Pd particles, the CMC-stabilized nanoparticles displayed markedly improved stability against aggregation, chemical reactivity, and soil transport. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses indicated that the CMC-stabilized nanoparticles with a diameter <17.2 nm are highly dispersed in water. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results suggested that CMC molecules were adsorbed to iron nanoparticles primarily through the carboxylate groups through monodentate complexation. In addition, −OH groups in CMC were also involved in interactions with iron particles. Batch dechlorination tests demonstrated that the CMC-stabilized nanoparticles degraded trichloroethene (TCE) 17 times faster than their nonstabilized counterparts based on the initial pseudo-first-order rate constant. Last, column tests showed that the stabilized nanoparticles can be readily transported in a loamy-sand soil and then eluted completely with three bed volumes of deionized (DI) water.
Avaliação da Condição Gengival de Escolares (2014)

Objetivo : Verificar a condicao gengival de criancas e adolescentes matriculados em escola publica e privada de Caruaru-PE. Material e Metodos:  A populacao foi composta por 121 escolares, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etaria de sete a catorze anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados o indice gengival (IG) e o indice de placa (IP). Tambem foi aplicado um questionario aos pais e responsaveis para avaliacao da renda familiar e da escolaridade materna.  Foram aplicados o teste do qui-quadrado e/ou Exato de Fischer; t-Student  e Anova (αResultados: A maioria dos escolares tinha entre sete e dez anos de idade (57,9%), era do sexo feminino (55,4%), de escola publica (61,2%), com renda familiar abaixo de um salario (51,2%) cujas maes tinham menos de 12 anos de estudo (62,8%). A prevalencia de gengivite e indice de placa nao aceitavel foi de 18,2% e 79,3%, respectivamente. Verificou-se associacao significativa entre o indice gengival e maes sem instrucao(p=0,025) . Com excecao da variavel sexo, houve associacao significativa entre o indice de placa e as demais variaveis (pConclusao: A maioria dos pesquisados nao apresentou alteracoes gengivais e dentre os que apresentaram  gengivite, a inflamacao leve foi predominante. Faz-se  necessario uma melhor atencao a saude bucal no servico publico, bem como o aumento da informacao aos pais, em especial aqueles em situacao de deprivacao social.
HLTDI: CL-WSD Using Markov Random Fields for SemEval-2013 Task 10 (2013)

We present our entries for the SemEval-2013 cross-language word-sense disambiguation task (Lefever and Hoste, 2013). We submitted three systems based on classifiers trained on local context features, with some elaborations. Our three systems, in increasing order of complexity, were: maximum entropy classifiers trained to predict the desired targetlanguage phrase using only monolingual features (we called this system L1); similar classifiers, but with the desired target-language phrase for the other four languages as features (L2); and lastly, networks of five classifiers, over which we do loopy belief propagation to solve the classification tasks jointly (MRF). 1
Total Antibody Quantification for MMAE-Conjugated Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Impact of Assay Format and Reagents (2013)

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are target-specific anticancer agents consisting of cytotoxic drugs covalently linked to a monoclonal antibody. The number of ADCs in the clinic is growing, and therefore thorough characterization of the quantitative assays used to measure ADC concentrations in support of pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety studies is of increasing importance. Cytotoxic drugs such as the tubulin polymerization inhibiting auristatin, monomethyl auristatin E, have been conjugated to antibodies via cleavable linkers (MC-vc-PAB) through internal cysteines. This results in a heterogeneous mixture of antibody species with drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR) ranging from 0 to 8. In order to characterize the assays used to quantitate total MC-vc-PAB-MMAE ADCs (conjugated and unconjugated antibody), we used purified fractions with defined DARs from 6 therapeutic antibodies to evaluate different assay formats and reagents. Our investigations revealed that for quantitation of total antibody, including all unconjugated and conjugated antibody species, sandwich ELISA formats did not always allow for recovery of all purified DAR fractions (DAR 0–8) to within ±20% of the expected values at the reagent concentrations tested. In evaluating alternative approaches, we found that the recovery of DAR fractions with semihomogeneous assay (SHA) formats, in which sample, capture, and detection reagents are preincubated in solution, were less affected by the antibody’s MMAE drug load as compared to traditional stepwise sandwich ELISAs. Thus, choosing the optimal assay format and reagents for total antibody assays is valuable for developing accurate quantitative assays.
Dynamic holographic spectral equalization for WDM (1997)

We report a new technique for active management of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels in an optically amplified telecommunications system, based on a polarization-insensitive holographic in-line wavelength filter. Results are presented for the control, amplification and equalization of five WDM channels spaced by 4 nm. Input signal power variations of 8.5 and 2.0 dB are reduced to 0.4 and 0.3 dB, respectively, by switching between two equalising holograms in 5 ms, with signals experiencing gains of up to 3.3 dB while undergoing equalization. An unused channel and amplified spontaneous emission noise from the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) have also been suppressed by greater than 18 dB. This is the first demonstration of active holographic spectral equalization for WDM.
The geometry of several molecular ions adsorbed on the surface of colloidal silver (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe geometry of several molecular ions adsorbed on the surface of colloidal silverM. Moskovits and J. S. SuhCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 7, 1293–1298Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150651a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j150651a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Subjunctive interfaces (2008)

Many applications require exploration of alternative scenarios; most support it poorly. Subjunctive interfaces provide mechanisms for the parallel setup, viewing and control of scenarios, aiming to support users' thinking about and interaction with their choices. We illustrate how applications for information access, real-time simulation, and document design may be extended with these mechanisms. To investigate the usability of this form of extension, we compare a simple census browser against a version with a subjunctive interface. In the first of three studies, subjects reported higher satisfaction with the subjunctive interface, and relied less on interim marks on paper. No reduction in task completion time was found, however, mainly because some subjects encountered problems in setting up and controlling scenarios. At the end of a second, five-session study, users of a redesigned interface completed tasks 27% more quickly than with the simple interface. In the third study we examined how subjects reasoned about multiple-scenario setups in pursuing complex, open-ended data explorations. Our main observation was that subjects treated scenarios as information holders, using them creatively in various ways to facilitate task completion.