gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low EMI design of a microprocessor based password access control system-a case study (2002)

For obtaining an ISO 9000 quality system, EMC is essential for today's equipment manufacturers. This paper discusses the EMI in the printed circuit board level of an "access control system" consisting mainly of a microprocessor and its logic circuits and the switched mode power supply. This paper also addresses the fact that in reality cables or PCB tracks are good transmitting and receiving antennas and hence aspects of PCB grounding and shielding are considered. The paper also deals with some aspects of EMC compliance testing at the equipment level, both for conducted and radiated emissions and results are presented graphically.
Dynamic Analysis of Learning in Behavioral Experiments (2004)

Understanding how an animal's ability to learn relates to neural activity or is altered by lesions, different attentional states, pharmacological interventions, or genetic manipulations are central questions in neuroscience. Although learning is a dynamic process, current analyses do not use dynamic estimation methods, require many trials across many animals to establish the occurrence of learning, and provide no consensus as how best to identify when learning has occurred. We develop a state-space model paradigm to characterize learning as the probability of a correct response as a function of trial number (learning curve). We compute the learning curve and its confidence intervals using a state-space smoothing algorithm and define the learning trial as the first trial on which there is reasonable certainty (>0.95) that a subject performs better than chance for the balance of the experiment. For a range of simulated learning experiments, the smoothing algorithm estimated learning curves with smaller mean integrated squared error and identified the learning trials with greater reliability than commonly used methods. The smoothing algorithm tracked easily the rapid learning of a monkey during a single session of an association learning experiment and identified learning 2 to 4 d earlier than accepted criteria for a rat in a 47 d procedural learning experiment. Our state-space paradigm estimates learning curves for single animals, gives a precise definition of learning, and suggests a coherent statistical framework for the design and analysis of learning experiments that could reduce the number of animals and trials per animal that these studies require.
Sulfur‐containing azoinitiators and their properties (1989)

Abstract The thermolysis and photolysis of arylazosulfonates ( 1 – 3 ) and of arylazo phenyl sulfones ( 4 – 6 ) was studied. Compounds 1 to 3 are soluble in water. They are thermally stable up to 200°C; however, if they are irradiated with the light of a mercury‐xenon high‐pressure lamp, they decompose at room temperature. Their photolysis was studied either in water or in ethanol as solvent. For the photolysis in water an ionic mechanism of decomposition is suggested, while the results of the photolysis in ethanol can be explained on the basis of a competition of a radical with an ionic mechanism. Compounds 4 to 6 are thermally and photochemically instable. The thermal decomposition of 5 was studied in detail and found to be comparable to that of AIBN. Its decomposition follows first‐order kinetics. The photolysis of 4 – 6 was carried out in ethanol or chloroform. The mechanism of photolysis depends on the solvent polarity. 5 was successfully used as initiator for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Profile and Persistence of the Virus-Specific Neutralizing Humoral Immune Response in Human Survivors of Sudan Ebolavirus (Gulu) (2013)

To better understand humoral immunity following ebolavirus infection, a serological study of the humoral immune response against the individual viral proteins of Sudan ebolavirus (Gulu) in human survivors was performed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for full-length recombinant viral proteins NP, VP30, VP40, and GP1-649 (GP lacking the transmembrane domain) of Sudan ebolavirus (Gulu) was used as well as a plaque reduction neutralization test. Serum samples from human survivors, which were collected up to 10 years following recovery, were screened and analyzed. Results demonstrate that samples obtained 10 years following infection contain virus-specific antibodies that can neutralize virus. Neutralization correlates well with immunoreactivity against the viral proteins NP, VP30, and GP1-649. Sera from individuals who died or those with no documented infection but immunoreactive to ebolavirus did not neutralize. This work provides insight into the duration, profile of immunoreactivity, and neutralization capacity of the humoral immune response in ebolavirus survivors.
High-dose oral tolerance prevents antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the mouse airways (1998)

We have previously shown that antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the tissue of sensitized mice is mediated by CD4+ T cells and IL-5. To determine whether the induction of oral tolerance down-regulates antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the tissue, we studied the effect of oral administration of a protein antigen on antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration in the trachea of sensitized mice, on antigen-induced CD4+ T cell infiltration and IL-5 production in the airways, and on the in vitro production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma in spleen cells of the mice. Oral administration of a protein antigen in high doses inhibited antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration in the trachea and IgE antibody production in mice in an antigen-specific manner. The oral administration of antigen also suppressed both CD4+ T cell recruitment into the trachea and IL-5 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of the mice after antigen inhalation. In vitro antigen-induced production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 was decreased in spleen cells of antigen-fed mice, indicating the induction of both Th1 and Th2 cell tolerance in vivo. On the other hand, pretreatment with anti-transforming growth factor-beta antibody at the time of immunization with antigen had no significant effect on the inhibition of antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment and IgE antibody production in antigen-fed mice. Finally, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells were not deleted in TCR transgenic mice after antigen feeding by FACS analysis. Taken together, these results indicate that high-dose oral tolerance induces not only Th1 but also Th2 cell tolerance in vivo and thereby inhibits antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the tissue.
A Proposed Number System for the 107 Cortical Areas of Economo and Koskinas, and Brodmann Area Correlations (2007)

In their Atlas of Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex, Economo and Koskinas defined 54 'ground,' 76 'variant,' and 107 'modification' areas. The 107 modifications are topographically distributed as 35 frontal, 13 superior limbic, 6 insular, 18 parietal, 7 occipital, 14 temporal and 14 inferior limbic (or hippocampal). One way to make the Economo-Koskinas system more practical is to encode the complex symbol notations of the 107 cortical areas with numbers EK 1 through EK 107. The present study does that, and it further correlates Economo-Koskinas areas with Brodmann areas, based on an overview of the classical and modern neurohistological literature.
Frequency-Sharing and Spread-Spectrum Transmission with Large Relative Bandwidth (1978)

Radio transmission has been based traditionally on the concept of a small relative frequency bandwidth, which permits the use of circuits and structures that resonate with sinusoidal functions. This approach created no problems until high-resolution radar advanced to pulse durations in the order of 1 ns, and spread-spectrum transmission to frequency bands in the order of 100 MHz. The use of a small relative frequency bandwidth requires in these cases operation at frequencies above 10 GHz. Absorption by rain and fog as well as the high noise temperature, make these high frequencies less desirable. Furthermore, the lower frequency bands cannot be used, even though they are there and their absolute bandwidth is perfectly sufficient; only the unnecessary requirement of a small relative bandwidth prevents their use. Concepts and equipment that allow operation with a large relative bandwidth make it possible to operate radar with a resolution up to 0.1 ns in the most desirable range from a few hundred megahertz to about 10 GHz; spread-spectrum transmission can operate without regard to the relative frequency bandwidth. This paper explains primarily the motivation for the development of equipment handling large relative bandwidths, since the equipment itself has already been discussed in the literature and is available on an advanced experimental level.
Thermal Dissociation Kinetics of Solid and Liquid Ammonium Nitrate (2001)

Thermogravimetry has been used to study the kinetics of the thermal dissociation of solid and liquid ammonium nitrate. Model-fitting and model-free kinetic methods have been applied to the sets of isothermal and nonisothermal measurements to derive kinetic characteristics of the processes. The application of the model-fitting method to the isothermal data has demonstrated that both solid- and liquid-phase kinetics are characterized by a single activation energy of ∼90 kJ mol-1 and by the model of a contracting cylinder. A model-free isoconversional method has also been applied to isothermal and nonisothermal data and has yielded an activation energy of ∼90 kJ mol-1, which is essentially independent of the extent of conversion. The obtained kinetic characteristics have been assigned to the process of dissociative sublimation/vaporization.
Sedum alkaloids. V. Sedacrine, the major alkaloid of <i>Sedum</i><i>acre</i>, and related bases (1983)

Sedacrine, the major alkaloid of Sedumacre, is assigned structure 5 on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Two minor bases, sedinone 6 and dihydrosedinine 7, are described. Sedacrine 5, sedinone 6, dihydrosedinine 7, and sedinine 3 are correlated. The absolute configurations of these alkaloids and that of sedacryptine 2 are established.
Experimental study on efficiency of mechanical smoke exhaust in large space buildings (2004)

The mechanical smoke exhaust experiments with different air-supplement conditions were conducted in a full-scale large space fire experimental hall. The results show that because the smoke temperature is lower, the smoke can mix easy with the air. There is a stronger mass exchange at the interface of the smoke and air. The smoke is diluted during the process of exhaust. The air can not displace the smoke entirely. The mechanical exhaust is difficult to control the smoke at the theoretical height. The location and area of air-supplement opens have effect on the smoke exhaust and fire.
Implementation and Effect of Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder on Mesocarbon Negative Electrodes (2008)

Techniques for implementing stabilized lithium metal powder (Lectro® Max Powder 150, SLMPTM) as a surface application onto mesocarbon cathodes have been studied. These techniques included dip coating, draw-down coating and spray coating already prepared electrodes in a dry room environment. This testing resulted in electrodes that demonstrated a reduced apparent loss, which has the potential to improve the overall capacity of commercial cells. Of these three techniques, spray coating was determined to be the most applicable method of depositing the SLMPTM onto the coating with appropriate precision. More specifically, a low volume, low pressure off-the-shelf sprayer with a standard modification to replace the PTFE seals with polyethylene seals could be used to spray the coating to the proper loading. With proper mixing techniques, large numbers of electrodes could be sprayed with one batch of SLMPTM slurry, allowing eventually for larger prismatic lithium ion cells to be developed.
Patient selection for targeting integrin with abituzumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): A retrospective analysis of the randomized phase I/II Poseidon study (2018)

Background: Adding abituzumab (EMD 525797) a humanized monoclonal IgG2 antibody, targeting αν integrin subunit to the control arm (irinotecan+cetuximab) failed to demonstrate a statistically significant PFS benefit in a phase I/II in second line KRAS wild-type (KRAS wt exon-2) mCRC. A pre-planned explorative biomarker analysis suggested that high integrin ανβ6 expression may be negatively prognostic for OS in the control arm and predictive for prolonged OS with abituzumab treatment. {Elez et al Annals of Oncology, Volume 26, Issue 1, 1 January 2015, Pages 132–140}. Methods: Further retrospective analysis of Poseidon study data were performed (n = 98 patients with high and n = 99 low ανβ6 expression) to correlate the impact of location of tumor (left n = 152 versus right n = 44, and one patient had both right and left colorectal cancer) and integrin ανβ6 expression (low versus high) on overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) of abituzumab added to irinotecan+cetuximab. Results: This retrospective explorative analysis suggest that patients with left sided KRAS wt mCRC and high expression of ανβ6 showed the most benefit for median OS of 25.6 months versus 10.2 months (HR 0.36 [95% CI 0.17; 0.75]; median PFS of 8.6 months versus 4.2 months (HR 0.61 [95% CI 0.31; 1.22]); ORR. 9/20 (45.0%) versus 5/22 (22.7%), when treated with abituzumab 1000 mg + irinotecan+cetuximab versus irinotecan+cetuximab alone. No treatment benefit was observed in right sided mCRC with high expression of ανβ6 and in all mCRC with low expression of ανβ6. Conclusions: Although the sample size is small, patients with left sided KRAS wt mCRC and high expression of ανβ6 integrin in their tumor seem to benefit most from the addition of abituzumab to irinotecan+cetuximab compared to irinotecan+cetuximab alone. A prospective study in 1L left sided RAS wild-type mCRC with high expression of ανβ6 is planned with the addition of abituzumab 1000mg to SOC. Clinical trial identification: Explorative, retrospective data analysis of study NCT01008475; first release October 19, 2009. Legal entity responsible for the study: Merck KGaA and SFJ Pharmaceuticals. Funding: Merck KGaA and SFJ Pharmaceuticals. Disclosure: R. Laeufle: Consultant: SFJ Pharmaceuticals. D. Arnold: Consultancy, honoraria: Roche, Merck Serono; Research funding to the Principal Investigator: Roche, Sanofi Aventis. S. Kopetz: Intellectual property rights: Amgen, Array, Bayer, Genentech, Taiho; Ownership interest: MolecularMatch. J. Straub, R. Bruns, G. Massimini: Employee: Merck KGaA. R. Debenedetto: CEO: SFJ Pharmaceuticals. R. Linke: CMO: SFJ Pharmaceuticals. J. Tabernero: Consulting or advisory role: Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Chugai Pharma, Lilly, Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Symphony Evolution, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication (2007)

The use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) is associated with metabolic side effects including weight gain, diabetes mellitus and an atherogenic lipid profile. These adverse effects are not only the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus leading to increased morbidity and mortality but may also impair the patient's adherence to treatment. SGAs in particular are associated with significant weight gain with clozapine and olanzapine carrying the highest risk, whereas newer agents, such as risperidone and aripiprazole, are considered to be less prone to cause weight gain. Consequently, a consensus development conference convened issuing recommendations on patient monitoring when treated with SGAs. The metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs should be of concern when planning a patient's treatment strategy. Baseline screening and regular follow-up monitoring whose intervals should depend on the individual predisposition are advised. Possible therapeutical strategies for the management of drug-induced obesity include therapeutic approaches, such as life style change and pharmaceutical intervention. Drugs with a weight reducing effect become more important because of the lack of compliance with behavioural intervention. Topiramate, histamine-antagonists, dopaminergic- and serotoninergic agents have shown positive results in the management of psychotropic medication induced weight gain. However, further trials are required to support a specific therapeutical approach as well as studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms for future drug development.
Simultaneous DNA Binding and Bending by EcoRV Endonuclease Observed by Real-Time Fluorescence (2003)

The complete catalytic cycle of EcoRV endonuclease has been observed by combining fluorescence anisotropy with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. Binding, bending, and cleavage of substrate oligonucleotides were monitored in real time by rhodamine-x anisotropy and by FRET between rhodamine and fluorescein dyes attached to opposite ends of a 14-mer DNA duplex. For the cognate GATATC site binding and bending are found to be nearly simultaneous, with association and bending rate constants of (1.45-1.6) x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1). On the basis of the measurement of k(off) by a substrate-trapping approach, the equilibrium dissociation constant of the enzyme-DNA complex in the presence of inhibitory calcium ions was calculated as 3.7 x 10(-12) M from the kinetic constants. Further, the entire DNA cleavage reaction can be observed in the presence of catalytic Mg(2+) ions. These measurements reveal that the binding and bending steps occur at equivalent rates in the presence of either Mg(2+) or Ca(2+), while a slow decrease in fluorescence intensity following bending corresponds to k(cat), which is limited by the cleavage and product dissociation steps. Measurement of k(on) and k(off) in the absence of divalent metals shows that the DNA binding affinity is decreased by 5000-fold to 1.4 x 10(-8) M, and no bending could be detected in this case. Together with crystallographic studies, these data suggest a model for the induced-fit conformational change in which the role of divalent metal ions is to stabilize the sharply bent DNA in an orientation suitable for accessing the catalytic transition state.
Physical Characteristics of Frozen Desserts Made from Ultrafiltered Milk and Various Carbohydrates (1992)

Ultrafiltered whole milk retentate was used to make UF frozen desserts. All frozen desserts had 12% fat, 11.5% milk SNF, 13% sucrose, 4% com syrup solids, .25% stabilizer, and .25% salt. Traditional ice cream, in which NDM provided milk SNF, was the control. Lactose, glucose, and fructose (1.65 and .85% by weight) were added to UF frozen desserts to replace, in part, lactose lost during UF. One UF frozen dessert was made without the addition of alternative sugars. Mixes were pasteurized (74C for 30 min), homogenized (13,800 kPa, first stage; 3450 kPa, second stage). and frozen in a batch freezer. Generally, UF frozen desserts had 2.24 times as much protein and 65% less lactose than the NDM ice cream. Lactose concentrations in UF desserts were 2.2% compared with 6.6% for the NDM ice cream. The NDM ice creams were significantly softer than all of the UF desserts. Hardness was reduced, and melt (measured by conversion to liquid) was influenced by the type and amount of alternative carbohydrate added to the mix. Fructose had the greatest effect.
Robust estimates of 3D reflector dip and azimuth (2006)

Abstract Much of seismic stratigraphy is based on the morphology of seismic textures. The identification of reflector terminations and subtle changes in dip and azimuth allows us to infer coherent progradational and transgressive packages as well as more chaotic slumps, fans, and braided-stream complexes; infill of karsted terrains; gas seeps; and, of course, faults and angular unconformities. A major difficulty in estimating reflector dip and azimuth arises at discrete lateral and vertical discontinuities across which reflector dip and azimuth change. The smearing across these boundaries produced by traditional dip and azimuth estimations is avoided by using temporally and spatially shifted multiple windows that contain each analysis point. This more robust estimation of dip and azimuth leads to increased resolution of well-established algorithms such as coherence, coherent amplitude gradients, and structurally oriented filtering. More promising still is the analysis of high-resolution dip and azimuth through volumetric estimates of reflector curvature and angular unconformities. This new technique is demonstrated using two land data volumes, one from the Louisiana salt province and the other from the fractured Fort Worth basin.
Circulating immune complexes in rats bearing 6-thioguanine-resistant variants of the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma. (1984)

The relationship between immune complex (IC) formation and tumor cell metastatic potential was investigated in rats inoculated in the footpad with parental 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma cells or 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGR) variant cells. These cell lines are either highly metastatic (13762), nonmetastatic (TGR), or occasionally metastatic ( TGRrev , TGRrevM ). The 13762 TGR rat tumor model thus provides the opportunity to examine host immune responses to tumor cells of different phenotypes, but derived from the same parent tumor line. IC levels were low in 13762 tumor-bearing rats. In contrast, animals with TGR tumors had high levels of ICs in their sera, while animals bearing TGRrev and TGRrevM tumors had intermediate levels of ICs. In this rat tumor model system, IC formation is inversely related to the metastatic potential of the tumor lines.
Fringing Field Capacitance Sensor for Measuring the Moisture Content of Agricultural Commodities (2008)

A fringing field capacitive sensor is described for measuring the moisture content (MC) and temperature of agricultural commodities. Sensor performance was characterized by mounting the device on handheld probes and in acrylic canisters to determine the dielectric constant and MC of wheat and corn. The handheld probes demonstrated a promising capability to measure the MC of grain in hoppers, truck beds, and cargo holds. It is proposed that the sensors be supported on cables in grain silos and storage bins to acquire in situ data for grain storage management and control of aeration systems. The sensor is watertight and constructed with corrosion resistant materials which allow MC measurements to be made of industrial materials, chemicals, and fuels.
Bi-directional SOVA decoding for turbo-codes (2000)

In this letter, we present a bi directional SOVA-based decoding scheme for turbo-codes, which combines the soft-outputs provided by both forward and backward SOVA decodings. Importantly, we explain why this bi-directional decoding improves SOVA decoding. The simulation results show that bi-directional SOVA can achieve about the same performance as the Max-Log-MAP algorithm in turbo decoding.