gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Porous BaTiO <sub>3</sub> PTC Thermistors by Adding Graphite Porosifiers (1994)

Using an ordinary ceramic processing technique, a new method of preparing porous BaTiO 3 , PTC thermistors is introduced. Adding proper graphite powders into calcined BaTiO 3 , powder can increase porosity and enhance the PTC effect of the sintered sample. When the graphite addition is about 1.0 wt%, the resisivity of samples from low‐purity raw materials decreases to 20 Σ·cm at room temperature, while the PTC resistivity ratio is over 10 5 and 1–2 orders higher than that of samples without the porosifier. The porosifier has increased the reproducibility of resistivity from 60% up to 90%. In addition, the porous thermistor has a fast response to overcurrent and shows some improvement in heat resistance. With the aid of the Heywang model and the Kuwabara conclusion, the influence of graphite on grain surfaces is discussed. The experimental results show that this method is a useful technique to prepare good PTC thermistors from low‐purity raw materials.
Characteristics of tissue growth into proplast and porous polyethylene implants in bone (1979)

(1) Bone does not form within internal pores of undistorted Proplast implants because of the small interconnecting pore size of the material; (2) the nonosseous, fibrous tissue which exists in the pores of Proplast implants in bone is not attached to the surrounding bone (i.e., Sharpey's fibers are not present). The load-bearing support which can be afforded by Proplast implants is limited by the incomplete bone ingrowth along the margins of the material and the tensile strength of Proplast.
Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1975 edition (1975)

The 1975 Edition of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, formerly known as the Toxic Substances List is the fourth revision of the list of toxic substances prepared at least annually in accordance with Section 20(a)(6) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Public Law 91-596. The Registry includes the original list published in June 1971 and the offerings of the subsequent publications. The Registry contains 64,300 listings of chemical substances: 16,500 are names of different chemicals with qualifying toxic dose information and 47,800 consist of synonymous names and codes which have been acquired from published literature, cooperating industries, and the American Chemical Society. The revision contains approximately 4,000 new compounds which had not appeared in the 1974 edition. The specific data provided on the toxicity of each substance related to: route of administration, animal species involved, type of exposure reported (e.g. lethal), dose which caused toxic response, and body system affected. The bibliographical sources from which the toxicity data were extracted are all listed. Absence of a substance does not imply that it is innocuous.
A new, convenient route to erbstatin and N-acetyl-1,2-didehydrodopamine. (1989)

Erbstatin dimethyl ether (12) was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction of chloro(methyl- or phenyl-thio)acetonitrile (5a or 5b) with hydroquinone dimethyl ether, followed by reduction to the amine, formylation, and oxidative desulfenylation. By using a similar sequence of reactions, N-acetyl-1, 2-didehydrodopamine dimethyl ether (13) was prepared from veratrole and 5a, b.
Management of Off-Flavors in Pond-Cultured Channel Catfish with Weekly Applications of Copper Sulfate (2001)

Eighteen 0.4-ha earthen ponds in northwest Mississippi were used in a 3-year study to evaluate the effect of weekly copper sulfate applications on the incidence and economic impact of environment-induced off-flavors in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Each spring, when water temperatures increased above 20°C, nine ponds were treated weekly with 0.12 mg Cu/L. Treatments were discontinued each fall when water temperatures fell below 20°C. Overall prevalence of off-flavor was reduced by 80% for ponds treated with copper sulfate compared with control ponds, and episodes of off-flavor were of shorter duration in treated ponds. Off-flavors never delayed fish harvest from treated ponds, whereas off-flavors delayed fish harvest on 10 occasions in control ponds. Average annual fish harvest was 5,900 kg/ha from ponds treated with copper sulfate and 5,349 kg/ha from control ponds. The 9% reduction in fish harvest from control ponds was due to infectious disease outbreaks in one or two ponds each year where harvest was delayed due to off-flavor. Enterprise budgets showed that average net returns above variable costs were US$1,900/ha for control ponds and $2,720/ha for ponds treated with copper sulfate. Variation in net returns was twice as great for control ponds as for treated ponds, indicating increased stability in production and economic returns when off-flavors were managed with the use of copper sulfate. High variation in annual economic performance on control ponds resulted from one or more ponds having high net returns while one or more ponds had extremely poor returns due to protracted episodes of off-flavor.
A Unified Primal-Dual Algorithm Framework Based on Bregman Iteration (2010)

In this paper, we propose a unified primal-dual algorithm framework for two classes of problems that arise from various signal and image processing applications. We also show the connections to existing methods, in particular Bregman iteration (Osher et al., Multiscale Model. Simul. 4(2):460–489, 2005) based methods, such as linearized Bregman (Osher et al., Commun. Math. Sci. 8(1):93–111, 2010; Cai et al., SIAM J. Imag. Sci. 2(1):226–252, 2009, CAM Report 09-28, UCLA, March 2009; Yin, CAAM Report, Rice University, 2009) and split Bregman (Goldstein and Osher, SIAM J. Imag. Sci., 2, 2009). The convergence of the general algorithm framework is proved under mild assumptions. The applications to ℓ 1 basis pursuit, TV−L 2 minimization and matrix completion are demonstrated. Finally, the numerical examples show the algorithms proposed are easy to implement, efficient, stable and flexible enough to cover a wide variety of applications.
150 mW unsaturated output power at 3 μm from a single-mode-fiber erbium cascade laser (1995)

We report on an erbium cascade laser in a fluorozirconate fiber. Lasing on the transition 4I11/2→4I13/2 at 2.71 μm is supported by colasing on the transition 4S3/2→4I9/2 at 1.72 μm. This recycles the excitation that is lost via excited-state absorption and avoids the saturation of the output power. Threshold at 2.71 μm is 33 mW launched pump power at 791 nm. The measured slope efficiency of 22.6% is relatively close to the 29.1% stokes-efficiency limit. An output power of 158 mW is obtained, limited only by the 1.43 W power available from the Ti: sapphire pump laser. Output power is 15 and slope efficiency 2.5 times higher than reported in previous publications.
Studies on Pasteurella multocida. II. The Capsular Polysaccharides from Turkey Isolates (1973)

SUMMARY The capsular polysaccharides from 9 strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys were purified and characterized. For optimal capsule production, best results were obtained with seed cultures from colonies isolated from turkeys immediately after death, before body temperature had declined appreciably. Heavily capsulated organisms free of medium were produced on cellophane overlaid on yeast proteose-peptone cystine (YPC) medium containing 5% turkey blood. The capsular acidic polysaccharides were purified from other capsular components by a 3-step procedure utilizing cetylpyridinium chloride. Qualitative analysis by 4 different techniques revealed that the capsular material from all 9 turkey strains contained hyaluronic acid. Also found in the capsule of all strains was an additional acidic polysaccharide not described before.
Functional non-meat protein properties. (2004)

The various physicochemical properties and technological applications within the food industry of functional non-meat proteins, specifically of soya proteins, are discussed.
HER2 overexpression correlates with survival after curative resection of pancreatic cancer (2009)

HER2 overexpression has been linked to clinical outcomes in several solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the correlation between HER2 overexpression and survival in pancreatic carcinoma remains unclear. The impact of HER2 overexpression on survival in pancreatic ductal cancer was examined. Immunohistochemical staining of 129 pancreatic cancers without hematogenous metastases or peritoneal dissemination treated by macroscopically curative resection were analyzed in association with survival data. To determine HER2 overexpression in this pancreatic cancer series, the polyclonal antibody included in HercepTest, which is used worldwide for clinical examination of HER2 overexpression in breast cancer, was used. Immunoreactivity was classified according to the scale presented in the HercepTest Scoring Guidelines. Twenty-two cases (17.1%) had a score of 0, 28 cases (21.7%) had of a score of 1+, 41 cases (31.8%) had a score of 2+, and 38 cases (29.4%) had a score of 3+. Therefore, HER2 overexpression (score 2+ or 3+) was observed in 79 cases (61.2%). Patients with HER2 overexpression tumors had significantly shorter survival times than those with HER2 normal expression (score 0 or 1+) tumors (median survival time, 14.7 vs 20.7 months, respectively; P = 0.0078 on the log-rank test). On multivariate survival analysis, HER2 overexpression remained an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.806; P = 0.0258). A significant percentage of pancreatic cancers were demonstrated to have HER2 overexpression, and overexpression of this tyrosine kinase receptor proved to be an independent factor for a worse prognosis. These results should encourage further investigation of treatments using new molecular targeting agents against HER2 protein to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
A body-conforming tactile jacket to enrich movie viewing (2009)

Adding haptic stimulation to movies is a promising step in creating more emotionally immersive experiences. To explore the potential of this concept, we have created a wearable tactile jacket that is used to deliver movie-specific tactile stimuli to the viewer's body that are specifically targeted to influence the viewer's emotions. Immersion was evaluated in a user test using questionnaires and physiological measurements. The findings show promising effects of the haptic stimuli that need to be substantiated in further more refined user tests.
Toward individually tunable compound eyes with transparent graphene electrode (2017)

We present tunable compound eyes made of ionic liquid lenses, of which both curvatures (R <sub>1</sub> and R <sub>2</sub> in the lensmaker's equation) can be individually changed using electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) and applied pressure. Flexible graphene is used as a transparent electrode and is integrated on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/parylene hybrid substrate. Graphene electrodes allow a large lens aperture diameter of between 2.4 mm and 2.74 mm. Spherical aberration analysis is performed using COMSOL to investigate the optical property of the lens under applied voltage and pressure. The final lens system shows a resolution of 645.1 line pair per millimeter. A prototype of a tunable lens array is proposed for the application of a compound eye.
Reinforcement Learning based HVAC Optimization in Factories (2020)

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units are responsible for maintaining the temperature and humidity settings in a building. Studies have shown that HVAC accounts for almost 50% energy consumption in a building and 10% of global electricity usage. HVAC optimization thus has the potential to contribute significantly towards our sustainability goals, reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In this work, we explore ways to optimize the HVAC controls in factories. Unfortunately, this is a complex problem as it requires computing an optimal state considering multiple variable factors, e.g. the occupancy, manufacturing schedule, temperature requirements of operating machines, air flow dynamics within the building, external weather conditions, energy savings, etc. We present a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based energy optimization model that has been applied in our factories. We show that RL is a good fit as it is able to learn and adapt to multi-parameterized system dynamics in real-time. It provides around 25% energy savings on top of the previously used Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers.
Surface acoustic wave planar resonator using grating reflectors (1975)

A surface acoustic wave resonator is described which utilizes electrically shorted gratings to form a resonant acoustic cavity where energy is introduced and removed by means of a short interdigital transducer placed in the center. Experimental results are presented for a device with two 100−finger pair gratings and a 9.5−finger pair central interdigital transducer (IDT) and compared with theoretical calculations. The device exhibits a resonant Q of 2300 at 47.55 MHz.
Restricted learning algorithm and its application to neural network training (2002)

The authors propose a new (semi)-optimization algorithm, called the restricted learning algorithm, for a nonnegative evaluating function which is 2 times continuously differentiable on a compact set Omega in R/sup N/. The restricted learning algorithm utilizes the maximal excluding regions which are newly derived, and is shown to converge to the global in -optimum in Omega . A most effective application of the proposed algorithm is the training of multi-layered neural networks. In this case, one can estimate the Lipschitz's constants for the evaluating function and its derivative very efficiently and thereby we can obtain sufficiently large excluding regions. It is confirmed through numerical examples that the proposed restricted learning algorithm provides much better performance than the conventional back propagation algorithm and its modified versions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Stable and Cleavable <i>O</i>-Linked Spacer for Drug Delivery Systems (2019)

Anti-cancer chemotherapy with good efficacy and fewer side effects is highly desirable. A drug delivery system comprising a cancer-targeting module and a cytotoxic agent connected with a cleavable linker is promising for reducing side effects. The development of a cleavable linker satisfying the requirements of both stability and cleavability, however, is difficult, especially when a carbonate moiety is used for conjugating the linker to a hydroxy group in a drug of interest. We herein report a new stable linker comprising carbamate and ester spacers, which can be introduced on a hydroxy group of a drug. This linker is more stable in aqueous neutral buffer than a corresponding carbonate-type linker, and releases a payload anti-cancer drug, SN-38, through a two-step sequence upon cathepsin B treatment. This linker may have potential use in other drug delivery systems to lower side effects by selectively transporting cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells.
Infection Control (1999)

Read about infection control products such as safer needles, gloves, and urine sampling devices, and how to choose them for your facility.
A 40 GHz, broadband, highly linear amplifier, employing T-coil bandwidth extension technique (2008)

This paper presents a broadband, highly linear amplifier suitable for multi-standard mm-wave applications such as car radar, LMDS and satellite return channel. It can also be utilized as an efficient wideband output buffer, for measurements of mm-wave circuit components. It exhibits a 3-dB bandwidth of 40 GHz with a pass-band gain of 6 dB. The presented amplifier is highly linear with an IP3 of +18 dBm. It has been implemented in a bulk 90 nm CMOS LP (low power) technology and consumes 3.3 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Systems for Safety and Autonomous Behavior in Cars: The DARPA Grand Challenge Experience (2007)

In this paper, we review technologies for autonomous ground vehicles and their present capabilities in research and in the automotive market. We outline technology requirements for enhanced functions and for infrastructure development. Since the recent Grand Challenge competition is a major force to advance technology in this field, we specifically refer to our experiences in developing a participating vehicle. We present a multisensor platform that has been proven in an off-road environment. It combines different sensing modalities that inherently yield uncertain information. Finite-state machines are formulated to generate rule-based autonomous behavior that enables fully autonomous off-road driving. Overall, the intent of the paper is to evaluate approaches and technologies used in the two Grand Challenges as they contribute to the needs of autonomous cars on the road
Activation of WD Repeat and High-Mobility Group Box DNA Binding Protein 1 in Pulmonary and Esophageal Carcinogenesis (2009)

WDHD1 expression is likely to play an important role in lung and esophageal carcinogenesis as a cell cycle regulator and a downstream molecule in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway, and that WDHD1 is a candidate biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for cancer.
RNAi-mediated depletion of the 15 KH domain protein, vigilin, induces death of dividing and non-dividing human cells but does not initially inhibit protein synthesis (2003)

Vigilin/Scp160p/DDP1 is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein containing 15 related, but non-identical, K-homology (KH) nucleic acid binding domains. While its precise function remains unknown, proposed roles for vigilin include chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. To probe sites of vigilin action in vertebrate cells, we performed nucleic acid binding and RNA interference studies. Consistent with a potential role in chromosome partitioning, human vigilin exhibits a higher affinity for Drosophila dodecasatellite single-stranded DNA than for vitellogenin mRNA 3'-UTR. Direct observation and flow cytometry in non-mitotic, serum-starved, HeLa cells showed that RNAi-mediated vigilin knockdown is rapidly lethal, indicating an essential function for vigilin distinct from its proposed role in chromosome partitioning. Pulse labeling experiments revealed that rates of protein synthesis and degradation are unaffected by the several fold reduction in vigilin levels early in siRNA knockdown indicating that vigilin is not a global regulator of translation. These data show that vigilin is an essential protein in human cells, support the view that vigilin's most essential functions are neither chromosome partitioning nor control of translation, and are consistent with vigilin playing a critical role in cytoplasmic mRNA metabolism.
Correlation of adsorption equilibria of pure gases on activated carbon (1964)

Abstract A novel modification of the Polanyi potential theory is proposed which allows the correlation of adsorption equilibrium data of pure gases on charcoal. The range of temperatures and pressures covered extends from values corresponding to a saturated liquid to regions well above the critical point of the gas. The method has been applied successfully to equilibrium data for CO, N 2 , A, CO 2 and the lower aliphatic hydrocarbons on activated carbon. The possibility of extending the correlation to other adsorbents is briefly discussed.
Methotrexate inhibits LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor production in vivo. (1998)

We investigated the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in vivo. Administration of low doses of MTX (450 mug/kg once a week for 4 weeks) in Balb/c mice resulted in a significant inhibition of the systemic release of TNF and NO upon LPS challenge, whereas the production of IL-10 remained unchanged. These anti-inflammatory effects of MTX were exerted at the macrophage level since peritoneal macrophages from mice, injected for 4 weeks with MTX produced lower levels of TNF than cells from control mice upon LPS stimulation ex vivo. In parallel, we found that MTX-treated mice were less susceptible to a lethal challenge with LPS and D-galactosamine. MTX did not inhibit TNF release after injection of Concanavalin A (ConA) or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), indicating that MTX does not inhibit TNF production at the T cell level. We conclude that repeated administration of a low dose of MTX in mice is associated with a decreased production of TNF by macrophages upon LPS activation.
Deep Neural Network based Human Activity Recognition for the Order Picking Process (2017)

Although the fourth industrial revolution is already in pro-gress and advances have been made in automating factories, completely automated facilities are still far in the future. Human work is still an important factor in many factories and warehouses, especially in the field of logistics. Manual processes are, therefore, often subject to optimization efforts. In order to aid these optimization efforts, methods like human activity recognition (HAR) became of increasing interest in industrial settings. In this work a novel deep neural network architecture for HAR is introduced. A convolutional neural network (CNN), which employs temporal convolutions, is applied to the sequential data of multiple intertial measurement units (IMUs). The network is designed to separately handle different sensor values and IMUs, joining the information step-by-step within the architecture. An evaluation is performed using data from the order picking process recorded in two different warehouses. The influence of different design choices in the network architecture, as well as pre- and post-processing, will be evaluated. Crucial steps for learning a good classification network for the task of HAR in a complex industrial setting will be shown. Ultimately, it can be shown that traditional approaches based on statistical features as well as recent CNN architectures are outperformed.
PALPAS - PAsswordLess PAssword Synchronization (2015)

Tools that synchronize passwords over several user devices typically store the encrypted passwords in a central online database. For encryption, a low-entropy, password-based key is used. Such a database may be subject to unauthorized access which can lead to the disclosure of all passwords by an offline brute-force attack. In this paper, we present PALPAS, a secure and user-friendly tool that synchronizes passwords between user devices without storing information about them centrally. The idea of PALPAS is to generate a password from a high entropy secret shared by all devices and a random salt value for each service. Only the salt values are stored on a server but not the secret. The salt enables the user devices to generate the same password but is statistically independent of the password. In order for PALPAS to generate passwords according to different password policies, we also present a mechanism that automatically retrieves and processes the password requirements of services. PALPAS users need to only memorize a single password and the setup of PALPAS on a further device demands only a one-time transfer of few static data.