gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Hardware Support for Interworking Systems (1999)

Todays FPGA technology allows reconfigurable hardware to be integrated into standard PC hardware. With this kind of hardware it is possible to change hardware functionality on-the-fly and to remove and insert complete subsystems just by rebooting the configurable parts. Hardware like this has new demands on software that often can&apos;t be fulfilled by the classical device driver concept used in todays operating systems. This paper presents a flexible and on-the-fly reconfigurable hardware subsystem for interworking systems together with software integration that allows fast and efficient reconfiguration of the hardware. It provides a flexible integration into a Unix environment. 1 Introduction With the increasing complexity of todays semiconductors, new hardware concepts are evolving. For a long time, processing power was a limited factor in desktop computers and the main focus on hardware enhancement was on the performance of the system CPU. Nowadays, high performance versions of main...
Tuff problems (2018)

Capacity, distance and measure are key mathematical concepts which are accessible to the youngest learners. Hilary White suggests ways to set up Tuff Trays as an ideal resource for hands-on exploration.
Focusing polarization diversity gratings for Silicon-on-Insulator integrated circuits (2008)

We present experimental results for focusing grating couplers for coupling between optical fiber and nanophotonic silicon-on-insulator waveguides in polarization diversity configuration. The footprint is reduced by a factor of 8 compared to standard grating couplers.
Yield Improvement of Chemical Reactions by Using a Microreactor and Development of a Pilot Plant Using the Numbering-Up of Microreactors (2009)

The yields of the main products obtained in three consecutive reactions when a conventional batch reactor was used were compared with the yields obtained when a microreactor was used. It was found that the yield of the main product in a bromination reaction increased up to 21.1% when the microreactor was uesd. Next, a pilot plant involving the numbering-up of 20 microreactors was developed. The 20 microreactor units were stacked in four sets, each containing five microreactor units arranged vertically, similar to a computer blade server. The maximum flow rate when 20 microreactors were used was 1 × 104 mm3/s, which corresponds to 72 t/year. Evaluation of the chemical performance of the pilot plant was conducted using a nitration reaction. The pilot plant was found to capable of increasing the production scale without decreasing the yield of the products.
Antioxidant Activity of Eugenol and Related Monomeric and Dimeric Compounds. (2000)

Since the inhibitory effect of eugenol (a), which was isolated as an antioxidative component from plant, Caryopylli flos, on lipid peroxidation was less than that of alpha-tocopherol, we synthesized the eugenol-related compounds dieugenol (b), tetrahydrodieugenol (c), and dihydroeugenol (d), to find new strong antioxidants and assessed them for their inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and scavenging ability for superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The antioxidative activities were in the order: (b)>(c)>(d)>(a) for the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation. These results suggest that the dimerized compounds have higher antioxidant activities than that of the monomers. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping experiments revealed that eugenol and its dimer, having allyl groups in the structure, scavenged superoxide, and that only eugenol trapped hydroxyl radicals under the conditions used. These finding suggest that eugenol and dieugenol have a different mechanism of antioxidation, i.e. eugenol may inhibit lipid peroxidation at the level of initiation, however, the related dimeric compounds may inhibit lipid peroxidation at the level of propagation of free radical chain reaction like alpha-tocopherol.
Collaborative WHO Xylitol Field Study in French Polynesia (1988)

The value for caries prevention of partial sugar substitution by xylitol was tested in a 32-month nonrandomized comparative field study. A total of 746 6- to 12-year-old children living on three islands of the Polynesian archipelago were enrolled in the study. The children of one island representing the control group were supplied with toothbrushes and fluoridated dentifrice, and received regular instruction on oral hygiene. Otherwise, they maintained their customary dietary habits. The children of the other two islands were assigned to the xylitol group. They were enrolled in an identical oral health programme but, in addition, were regularly provided with xylitol-based sweets, i.e. chewing gums, candies, chocolate, ice lollies and gumdrops, at school on a daily basis in amounts corresponding to not more than 20 g xylitol/day. 468 children completed the study. The 195 participants of the control group showed an overall mean caries increment of 7.1 DMFS. In the xylitol group with 273 children a mean caries increment of 4.5 DMFS was measured. It is concluded that partial sugar substitution by xylitol is a useful tool in preventing caries and should be considered in addition to fluoridation and oral hygiene measures in public oral health programmes.
Nigrosporolide, a Plant Growth-Inhibiting Macrolide from the Mould<i>Nigrospora sphaerica</i> (1995)

Abstract Bioassay-directed fractionation of an extract from the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica (strain UK181RRC) yielded a new 14-membered lactone, named nigrosporolide, whose structure was established by spectroscopic techniques. This compound inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles.
Reduction of O-Linked<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine-Modified Assembly Protein-3 in Alzheimer’s Disease (1998)

Abnormal protein processing and modification is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The role of phosphorylation in AD has been studied extensively because the presumed abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein is believed to play a role in the formation of paired helical filaments. Glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues is a dynamic protein modification of intracellular proteins, and it shares similar features with protein phosphorylation. In this study, O-GlcNAc glycosylation of proteins from autopsied human brains with confirmed AD and non-AD age-matched controls was examined. O-GlcNAcylation was demonstrated by labeling protein extracts with [3H]galactose in the presence of galactosyltransferase and subsequent analyses of saccharide-protein linkage and saccharide structure. The number of O-GlcNAc-containing proteins and the overall O-GlcNAc level do not appear to be different between AD and control brain tissues. The only significant change observed is a marked reduction of O-GlcNAcylated clathrin assembly protein-3 (AP-3) in AD. The reduction is more evident in brain neocortical regions, and there appears to be a negative correlation between O-glycosylated AP-3 and the density of neurofibrillary tangles. These data suggest a possible association between the O-glycosylated AP-3 and AD pathology.
An economic assessment of fish polyculture as an adaptation strategy against environmental change in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh (2020)

The paper reports an evaluation of the effectiveness of fish polyculture as an adaptation strategy against environmental change in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. The research applies descriptive statistics, Cobb–Douglas production function model, and priority index. Simple random and convenient sampling techniques have been used to select sample and study area, respectively. The study shows that fish polyculture is economically viable and profitable. Besides, pond size, labour, and fertiliser have a significantly positive association (p < 0.05) with fish production. Virus-related mortality, salinity level, access to loans, and shrimp seedling prices are notable constraints on the fish polyculture system.
The petrol approach to high-level power estimation (1998)

High-level power estimation is essential for designing complex low-power ICs. However, the lack of flexibility, or restriction to synthesizable code of previously presented high-level power estimation approaches limits their use. In this paper we present a novel, more general and flexible high-level power estimation approach, that avoids these limitations. Petrol, as we call it, is not limited to specialized application domains, synthesizable VHDL, or data path parts of a design. We show that glitches can be usefully modeled at higher levels of abstraction. The Petrol approach shows good correlation with gate-level power estimates. It is currently used for commercial designs.
Gene–environment interactions at the <i><scp>FKBP5</scp></i> locus: sensitive periods, mechanisms and pleiotropism (2013)

Psychiatric phenotypes are multifactorial and polygenic, resulting from the complex interplay of genes and environmental factors that act cumulatively throughout an organism's lifetime. Adverse life events are strong predictors of risk for a number of psychiatric disorders and a number of studies have focused on gene-environment interactions (GxEs) occurring at genetic loci involved in the stress response. Such a locus that has received increasing attention is the gene encoding FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a heat shock protein 90 cochaperone of the steroid receptor complex that among other functions regulates sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor. Interactions between FKBP5 gene variants and life stressors alter the risk not only for mood and anxiety disorders, but also for a number of other disease phenotypes. In this review, we will focus on molecular and system-wide mechanisms of this GxE with the aim of establishing a framework that explains GxE interactions. We will also discuss how an understanding of the biological effects of this GxE may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
Thermoelectric cooler utility for electronic applications (1996)

Thermoelectric (TEC) devices are true reversible heat pumps which can be employed for temperature stabilization or cooling of electronic circuits which might become inoperable without removal of the inherent heat generated within the device. The ability to condense more and more functionality into sub-micron features in integrated circuits has approached the limit for getting the Joule heating out of the package. This limits the speed of operation or causes the chips to self destruct. TE coolers have the ability to transport the heat to a location where it can be eliminated without the deleterious effects.
Generating Medical Assessments Using a Neural Network Model: Algorithm Development and Validation (2019)

N2MAG could generate a medical assessment from the Subject and Objective section descriptions in EHR notes. Future work will assess its potential for providing clinical decision support.
Current-induced magnetization switching in exchange-biased spin valves for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance heads (2006)

In contrast to earlier studies performed on simple $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Cu}∕\mathrm{Co}$ sandwiches, we have investigated spin-transfer effects in complex spin-valve pillars with a diameter of 130 nm developed for current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistive heads. The structure of the samples included an exchange-biased synthetic pinned layer and a free layer, both laminated by insertion of several ultrathin Cu layers. Despite the small thickness of the polarizing layer, our results show that the free layer can be switched between the parallel (P) and the antiparallel (AP) states by applying current densities of the order of ${10}^{7}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. A strong asymmetry is observed between the two critical currents ${I\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}}_{c}^{\mathrm{AP}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{P}}$ and ${I}_{c}^{\mathrm{P}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{AP}}$, as predicted by the model of Slonczewski. Due to the use of exchange-biased structures, the stability phase diagrams could be obtained in the four quadrants of the $(H,I)$ plan. The critical lines derived from the magnetoresistance curves measured with different sense currents, and from the resistance versus current curves measured for different applied fields, match each other very well. The main features of the phase diagrams can be reproduced by investigating the stability of the solutions of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation including a spin-torque term, within a macrospin model.
Team Risk Management: A New Model for Customer- Supplier Relationships (1994)

Team Risk Management is a new paradigm for managing programs for projects by developing a shared product vision, focused on results, and using the principles and tools of risk management to cooperatively manage risks and opportunities. This report will familiarize you with the concept of Team Risk Management by providing a description of the overall process that engages both the customer and supplier in a cooperative framework using explicit methods to manage project risks. Customer - Supplier Relationships, Risk, Team Risk Management
Integrated Microwave Photonic Circuit for Self-Interference Cancellation (2017)

We present the first experimental demonstration of an integrated microwave photonic circuit for active, analog self-interference cancellation. The circuit is unique in its ability to operate in any radio frequency (RF) band from 400 MHz up to 6 GHz while not requiring any optical inputs or outputs. We focus on two topics related to the functional performance of the circuit. First, we investigate the amount of interference cancellation that can be achieved over a wide range of operating frequencies. We show that the circuit can achieve nearly -30 dB of interference cancellation across all existing frequency-division duplexed local thermal equilibrium and WiFi bands. Second, we investigate the control aspects of the integrated circuit and determine how much amplitude and phase tunability can be generated to perform active cancellation. Using dispersive techniques, the integrated circuit achieves 10 dB and 52° of independent amplitude and phase tunability, respectively, at 1.25 GHz. The range decreases with increasing frequency. We find that the sensitivity of the circuit's cancellation performance to the control biases are 2 and 0.5 mA at cancellation depths of -40 and -50 dB, respectively. Finally, we use the integrated circuit to demonstrate adaptive interference cancellation. Our results show that an integrated solution is able to achieve a cancellation performance comparable to a discrete fiber-optic system. Additionally, it is one of the first demonstrations of an integrated microwave photonic circuit that only possesses RF inputs and outputs.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons of preprosomatostatins. (1983)

The amino acid and nucleotide sequences have been aligned for five preprosomatostatins: two from catfish, two from anglerfish, and one from rat. The physical characteristics of the aligned residues as well as substitutions in the nucleotide sequences suggest considerable mutability in one of the catfish and anglerfish precursors while three of the preprohormones which give rise to somatostatins-14 are closely related. Although there is a considerable number of amino acid substitutions within the aligned somatostatin-14 precursors, there is a high degree of structural relatedness among them. These results suggest that additional physiological roles for the amino acid sequences outside of the hormone region are likely. The predicted secondary structures of the three somatostatin-14 precursors are dominated by helical and turn configurations which are correlated with observed co- and post-translational processing of the preprohormones.
Inter Base Station Resource Sharing and Improving the Overall Efficiency of B3G Systems (2007)

With the progress of technology and the fast growing demand for ubiquitous high-speed wireless services, flexible resource sharing is widely seen to be an important feature for the deployment of beyond 3G systems. Therefore, a migration from fixed allocations to a more flexible spectrum management has to be taken into account. In this context, inter-operator resource sharing in a broadband network is considered in this paper. A packet-based cellular network is developed, emphasizing the shift in the telecommunications industry towards IP-based services. We show that we can improve the overall efficiency of the system by sharing different resources in the network between several operators. Moreover, big and small operators, in addition to customers are altogether satisfied. In this paper, we use the term "resource" to not only account for spectrum sharing but also towers, base stations and time slots sharing. In our framework, we will use a physical layer cellular model with idealistic resource management, where we quantify the achievable sharing gains. We compare the performances for the non sharing case, the case where the base stations decide to share the resources as a "last resort", and also when the mobile stations always connect to the best base station, regardless of the operator. Finally, We analyze these gains in terms of quality of service, number of operators and different service classes.
Effects of a carbon dioxide pressure process on the solubilities of major and trace elements in oil shale solid wastes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of a carbon dioxide pressure process on the solubilities of major and trace elements in oil shale solid wastesKatta J. Reddy, James I. Drever, and Victor R. HasfurtherCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 8, 1466–1469Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00020a016https://doi.org/10.1021/es00020a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wettability Effects on Capillary Pressure, Relative Permeability, and Irredcucible Saturation Using Porous Plate (2014)

An understanding of the mechanisms by which oil is displaced from porous media requires the knowledge of the role of wettability and capillary forces in the displacement process. The determination of representative capillary pressure (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) data and wettability index of a reservoir rock is needed for the prediction of the fluids distribution in the reservoir: the initial water saturation and the volume of reserves. This study shows how wettability alteration of an initially water-wet reservoir rock to oil-wet affects the properties that govern multiphase flow in porous media, that is, capillary pressure, relative permeability, and irreducible saturation. Initial water-wet reservoir core samples with porosities ranging from 23 to 33%, absolute air permeability of 50 to 233 md, and initial brine saturation of 63 to 87% were first tested as water-wet samples under air-brine system. This yielded irreducible wetting phase saturation of 19 to 21%. The samples were later tested after modifying their wettability to oil-wet using a surfactant obtained from glycerophtalic paint; and the results yielded irreducible wetting phase saturation of 25 to 34%. From the results of these experiments, changing the wettability of the samples to oil-wet improved the recovery of the wetting phase.
Fluorescence polarization studies of rat intestinal microvillus membranes. (1977)

Rat intestinal microvillus membranes and lipid extracts prepared from them have been studied by fluorescence polarization with three lipid-soluble fluorophores: diphenylhexatriene, retinol, and anthroyl-stearate. The degree of fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene, which provides an index of the "microviscosity" of the lipid regions of the membrane, is exceptionally high in microvillus membranes, the highest yet reported in normal biological membranes. Both the membrane proteins and lipids were found to contribute to the high values. With each of the three probes the polarization values are higher in ileal microvillus membranes as compared to membranes from proximal intestinal segments. Temperature-dependence studies of the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene and anthroylstearate demonstrate a phase transition in microvillus membranes and in liposomes prepared from their lipid extracts at approximately 26+/-2 degrees C. Ambient pH influences markedly the diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization in microvillus membranes but has little effect on that of human erythrocyte ghost membranes. The "microviscosity" of jejunal microvillus membranes is maximal at pH 6.5-7.0 and decreases as much as 50% at pH 3.0, an effect which depends largely upon the membrane proteins. Addition of calcium ions to suspensions of microvillus membranes increases the fluorescence polarization of retinol and anthroyl-stearate, but not that of diphenyl-hexatriene. This confirms the localization of the last compound to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane, relatively distant from the hydrophilic head groups of the polar lipids. Microvillus membrane proteins solubilized with Triton X-100 give relatively high fluorescence polarization and intensity values with retinol, suggesting the presence of binding proteins which could play a role in the normal absorptive mechanism for the vitamin.
CO<sub>2</sub>FLUX MEASUREMENT USING SODA LIME: CORRECTION FOR WATER FORMED DURING CO<sub>2</sub>ADSORPTION (1998)

Terrestrial carbon budgets and models of ecosystem carbon cycling rely on accurate field measurements of CO2 release from soils. Despite limitations of accuracy that require the use of a calibration curve, the soda-lime technique has distinct advantages that have resulted in its continued use for in situ measurements of soil respiration. In this note I report an error in the correction factor used to account for water formed during chemical adsorption of CO2 by soda lime. The appropriate correction factor (1.69 in place of 1.41) implies that all previously reported CO2 fluxes using the soda-lime method should by increased by 20%. Recent global estimates of soil CO2 release have relied largely on soda-lime data and will require reevaluation in the light of this correction.
In situ Raman Study of the Corrosion of Zinc‐Coated Steel in the Presence of Chloride: II . Mechanisms of Underpaint Corrosion and Role of the Conversion Layers (1995)

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