gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the Gaussian process for fatigue life prediction under multiaxial loading (2021)

Fatigue life prediction with failure probability estimation for materials subjected to multiaxial loading is an important task in engineering design because it reduces the financial cost by eliminating expensive experimental tests. Owing to the complex deterioration mechanisms of fatigue failure, existing fatigue life prediction models are of the empirical or semi-empirical type, and their applicability is limited to validating the loading condition and material. Improper selection of the fatigue model could result in non-conservative life prediction with high financial and catastrophic consequences. To solve this problem, an innovative approach based on the Gaussian process for fatigue life prediction under multiaxial loading is presented. The inherent features of the Gaussian process predispose its application to fatigue life prediction under multiaxial loading as an efficient and practical approach to avoid the problem in selecting adequate semi-empirical parametric fatigue models. The model was validated on two sets of experimental data obtained by fatigue testing of S355N steel and 2124 T851 aluminum alloy under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings. In the model training process, only data obtained under uniaxial and pure torsion cyclic loadings were applied. Owing to the implemented physics-based input data, which are related to the stress components acting on the critical plane of crack initiation, the model accurately predicted the fatigue lives of the two tested materials by implementing the squared exponential covariance function. In addition, the fatigue lives were also computed using four parametric fatigue strength criteria (Crossland, Matake, Carpinteri et al., and Papuga–Růžička models). The best results obtained by the parametric models exhibited a lower fatigue prediction performance than the results using the Gaussian process-based model.
An Approximation Method for the Cavitation Eroded Surface (2013)

Flow characteristics of hydraulic machineries could be highly influenced by cavitation erosion. In order to evaluate the effect of cavitation erosion on the flow characteristics, an approximation method of the cavitation eroded surface is proposed. The cavitation eroded surface shows very complicated geometry with some patterned structure. In this study the particular eroded surface of metallic material with the sponge like porous structure often referred as orange peel is numerically approximated considering computer generated image technology. A solid model that is hollowed out with a great number of spherical surfaces, shows similar structure with the cavitation eroded surface. This approximated geometry can be used as the boundary condition of following CFD process.
Discovery of Ghrelin and Its Physiological Function (2010)

The endogenous ligand for growth-hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) was discovered in 1999 from stomach and named it ghrelin, after a word root (ghre) in Proto-Indo-European languages meaning grow, since ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release from pituitary. In addition, ghrelin stimulates appetite and increases food intake by acting on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a region known to control food intake. Thus, ghrelin plays important roles for maintaining growth hormone release and energy homeostasis in vertebrates. The diverse functions of ghrelin raise the possibility of its clinical application for GH deficiency, eating disorder, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and aging, etc.
Evaluation of the bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG laser radiation, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in experimentally infected root canals (2012)

All the laser radiation protocols tested, especially Er:YAG/NaClO/NS/DW, have effective bactericidal effect in experimentally infected root canals. Er:YAG/NaClO/NS/DW seems to be an ideal protocol for root canal disinfection during endodontic therapy.
First SiC dynistor (1988)

A four-layer dynistor has been made from SiC for the first time. Switching voltage is in the range from 30–50 V and switching time is about 10−8 s. The structure has been fabricated with a modified liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE).
A Simple Method for the Synthesis of Highly Oriented Potassium‐Doped Tungsten Oxide Nanowires (2003)

Very long and highly oriented potassium‐doped tungsten oxide nanowires (see Figure) can be synthesized using the simple technique presented here. The mechanism of nanowire formation is investigated and a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism is proposed. This novel method can be easily scaled up and can also be extended to the preparation of nanowire arrays of other materials.
Synthesis of a branched-chain inosose derivative, a versatile synthon of N-substituted valiolamine derivatives from D-glucose (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a branched-chain inosose derivative, a versatile synthon of N-substituted valiolamine derivatives from D-glucoseHiroshi Fukase and Satoshi HoriiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 13, 3642–3650Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00039a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00039a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Precision, Low-Cost GPS-Based Transmitter Synchronization Scheme for Improved AM Reception (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes a highly accurate carrier-frequency synchronization scheme for actively, automatically locking multiple, remotely located AM broadcast transmitters to a common frequency/timing reference source such as GPS. The extremely tight frequency lock (to <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex> </formula>1 part in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$10^{9}$</tex> </formula> or better) permits the effective elimination of audible and even sub-audible beats between the local (desired) station's carrier signal and the distant stations' carriers, usually received via skywave propagation during the evening and nighttime hours. These carrier-beat components cause annoying modulations of the desired station's audio at the receiver and concurrent distortion of the audio modulation from the distant station(s) and often cause listeners to “tune out” due to the low reception quality. </para>
Galactose‐Phosphonates as Mimetics of the Sialyltransfer by Trypanosomal Sialidases (2007)

In an attempt to find competitive inhibitors of the trans‐sialidase of the pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, we have synthesized conjugates of carbocyclic sialylmimetics (e.g., cyclohexenephosphonates) and galactose derivatives. A trans‐sialidase inhibition assay revealed an interesting preference for ethylidene‐spacered conjugates involving the 3‐position of the sugar.
White LED based on CaAl<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>Mn<sup>2+</sup>phosphor and CdS/ZnS quantum dots (2011)

Core/shell CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with the emission wavelength of 610nm, was synthesized by thermal deposition using cadmium oxide and selenium as precursors in a hot lauric acid and hexadecylamine trioctylphosphine oxide hybrid. CaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ Mn2+ phosphor was synthesized by high-temperature solid state reaction at 1290 °C for 2 hours under the H2 reducing atmosphere, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of it. It has two emission bands peaking at 420 nm and 580nm originated from the transition 5d to 4f of Eu2+ and 4T1−6A1 of Mn2+, respectively. Blends of CaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor and CdS/ZnS QDs exhibited the prominent spectral evolution with an increasing content of QDs. A hybrid white LED, which combines a blue LED with the blend of CaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ Mn2+ phosphor and QDs with a weight ratio of 2:1, with the CIE coordinate of (0.3183, 0.3036) and CRI of 85 was obtained.
Antegrade Endoscopic Removal of Retained Urethral Sling Mesh in the Bladder (2012)

The midurethral sling has emerged as an effective, minimally invasive treatment for patients with stress urinary incontinence. Bladder penetration is a known complication that, if unrecognized, may result in retained intravesical mesh. This rare complication can cause patient discomfort as well as become a nidus for infection and bladder calculi. Because of the technique of sling passage, the site of retained sling material is often along the anterior bladder wall, making evaluation and treatment via traditional retrograde cystoscopy prohibitively difficult. We describe a novel and minimally invasive method to remove the sling material using antegrade access into the bladder in conjunction with holmium laser vaporization. In our series of six patients in whom retrograde cystoscopic treatment had failed, all were successfully treated with antegrade cystoscopy and reported improved urinary symptoms. This new technique provides a simple, minimally invasive, and effective method for removal of exposed sling mesh.
Engineering magnetic domains in manganite thin films by laser interference (2012)

We report on the laser interference (LI) aided conversion from maze-like to stripe-like magnetic domains in La1−xSrxMnO3 (x ∼ 0.3) thin films grown on LaAlO3 substrates. This conversion is attributed to the periodic, local, and rapid heating by LI which facilitates the reconfiguration of magnetic domains without damaging the film structures. By annealing the sample, the stripe-like domains can be converted back to the maze-like state. Our result represents a non-magnetic scheme for reversible magnetic domain engineering in ferromagnetic thin films.
Distributed Processing Architecture for a Hospital Information System (1979)

A distributed processing architecture can support existing hospital information handling areas and can expand to accommodate additional application areas. The elements of the proposed architecture consist of heterogeneous and autonomous minicomputer host processors that serve the needs of distinct application areas, intelligent terminals that access one or more of these processors, a bus communication system featuring a single common information flow channel, and microprocessor based interface units between each network subscriber (processor or terminal) and the communication bus.
Thermal Performance Optimization in Electric Vehicle Power Trains by Locally Orthotropic Surface Layer Design (2018)

In this paper, the application of orthotropic material orientation optimization for controlling heat flow in electric car power trains is presented. The design process is applied to a case model, which conducts heat while storing heat-sensitive electronic components. The core of the case is designed using a low thermal conductivity material on order to focus the heat flow into the surface layer, which is designed using a high thermal conductivity material. Material orthotropy is achieved in the surface layer of the case by removing the material at points determined by the optimization analysis. For this purpose, an orthotropic material orientation optimization method was extended to calculate optimal material distribution. This is achieved by transforming the initially obtained optimal orientation vector field into a scalar field through the use of coupled time-dependent nonisotropic Helmholtz equations. Multiple parameters allow the control of the scalar field and therefore the control over material distribution in accordance to the optimal orientation. This allows the material distribution pattern to be scaled depending on the desired manufacturing method. The analysis method is applied to divert heat flow from a specific section of the model while focusing the heat flow to another section. The results are shown for a model with a 0.1 mm thick surface layer of copper and are compared to those results from several other materials and layer thicknesses. Finally, the manufactured design is presented.
Differential salt fractionation of active and inactive genomic domains in chicken erythrocyte. (1984)

We have utilized the Sanders salt fractionation technique (Sanders, M. M. (1978) J. Cell Biol. 79, 97-109) to analyze the products of micrococcal nuclease digestion of adult chicken erythrocyte nuclei. By dot-blot hybridization with specific gene probes, it is found that nucleosomes from the globin gene domain, including a region extending to about 10 kilobase pairs 5' to the beta p gene are selectively enriched in the fractions eluted at low salt. In contrast, a single copy sequence located at about 10 kilobase pairs 5' to the beta p gene was concentrated in the less salt-soluble fractions. The vitellogenin and ovalbumin genes, which are never expressed in erythroid tissues, are also concentrated in the less salt-soluble fractions. Some more generally expressed genes (histone H4, thymidine kinase) appear to be more uniformly distributed. The low salt fractions are depleted in H1/H5, enriched in high mobility group 14 and 17, and contain somewhat more highly acetylated histones.
Asymmetrische Katalysen, 45. Enantioselektive Hydrosilylierung von Ketonen mit [Rh(COD)Cl]<sub>2</sub>/Pyridinyloxazolin‐Katalysatoren (1989)

Abstract 21 optisch aktive 2‐(2‐Pyridinyl)oxazoline werden ausgehend von 2‐Cyanpyridin und optisch reinen Aminoalkoholen synthetisiert. Die neuen Pyridinyloxazoline werden als Cokatalysatoren zusammen mit [Rh(COD)Cl] 2 als homogene in‐situ‐Katalysatoren bei der enantioselektiven Hydrosilylierung von prochiralen Ketonen mit Diphenylsilan eingesetzt. Dabei wird aus Acetophenon nach Hydrolyse 1‐Phenylethanol mit bis 83.4% ee erhalten. Drei weitere prochirale Ketone werden in die Untersuchungen einbezogen. Die optischen Induktionen sind vom Rhodium/Ligand‐, Rhodium/Keton‐ und Keton/Silan‐Verhältnis sowie vom Lösungsmittel abhängig. Hydrosilylierungen im Lösungsmittel, CCl 4 , führen, verglichen mit anderen organischen Lösungsmitteln, ausnahmslos zu verbesserten chemischen Ausbeuten und optischen Induktionen als Folge einer Veränderung der katalytisch aktiven Spezies durch oxidative Addition von CCl 4 .
Recoverable virtual memory through the multi-view memory computer system (2003)

Recoverable virtual memory (RVM) is very useful for applications that require fault tolerance for persistent data structures. Updates to a recoverable region of memory are recorded so that recovery in case of faults is possible. Multi-view virtual memory (MVM) provides recoverability for a memory region by defining a view, consisting of access units, on that region. Finite state machines (FSMs) control access to the units of the view. The FSM states are defined to trap on the first,write to an access unit in order to save the before-image or to simply change the state of the unit so that an after-image can be recorded at a commit point. The recoverability provided by the MVM approach is compared to the hardware approach of Logged-RVM and to the software approach of Light-weight-RVM. The comparison is made qualitatively in terms of the interface and functionality, and also quantitatively by examining the delays using simple back of the envelope calculations.
Long-term outpatient treatment of senile dementia with oral physostigmine. (1988)

The authors describe five patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) who were treated with oral physostigmine from 1 to 3 3/4 years. An abbreviated form of the Buschke selective reminding test was used to assess the patients' short-term verbal memory at periodic clinic visits. Although one of the patients deteriorated progressively from the start of the physostigmine therapy and was taken off the drug after 1 year, there was no evidence of deterioration in memory performance on the average in the other four patients. Equally important, this open trial provides evidence of the safety of long-term treatment with physostigmine on an outpatient basis. The authors view their results as supporting the potential value of cholinesterase inhibition as a means of forestalling memory decline in SDAT patients.
Efficient free viewpoint image acquisition from multiple differently focused images (2007)

This paper deals with the technique for generating free viewpoint images by using multi-focus imaging sequences. The method may enable us to realize dense 4-D ray-space reconstruction from 3-D multi-focus imaging sequences. Previously, we proposed a method of generating free viewpoint, iris and focus images directly from multi-focus imaging sequences with a 3-D convolution filter that expresses how the scene is defocused in the sequence. However, the cost of the spatial frequency analysis based on 3-D FFT is not inexpensive. In this paper, efficient reconstruction of free viewpoint images by dimension reduction and 2-D FFT is discussed. We show some experimental results by using synthetic and real images. Epipolar plane images are also reconstructed in order to show the disparity between generated free viewpoint images clearly.
Terahertz Investigation of Liquid Crystals from the CB Family (2010)

We investigate the THz properties of nematic liquid crystals as a function of temperature. In particular we focus on the refractive index the absorption and the birefringence. From the measured data, molecular properties (polarizability and S parameter) are deduced. We discuss the impact of the molecular chain length on the polarizability.
ElectroDynamic Debris Eliminator (EDDE): Design, Operation, and Ground Support (2010)

Abstract : The ElectroDynamic Debris Eliminator (EDDE) is a low-cost solution for LEO space debris removal. EDDE can affordably remove nearly all the 2,465 objects of more than 2 kg that are now in 500-2000 km orbits. That is more than 99% of the total mass, collision area, and debris-generation potential in LEO. EDDE is a propellantless vehicle that reacts against the Earth's magnetic field. EDDE can climb about 200 km/day and change orbit plane at 1.5?/day, even in polar orbit. No other electric vehicle can match these rates, much less sustain them for years. After catching and releasing one object, EDDE can climb and change its orbit to reach another object within days while actively avoiding other catalog objects. Binocular imaging allows accurate relative orbit determination from a distance. Capture uses lightweight expendable nets and real-time man-in-the-loop control. After capture, EDDE drags the debris down and releases it and the net into a short-lived orbit safely below ISS, or takes it to a recycling facility for reuse. EDDE can also sling debris into controlled reentry, or can include an adjustable drag device with the net before release, to allow later adjustment of payload reentry location. A dozen 100-kg EDDE vehicles could remove nearly all 2166 tons of LEO orbital debris in 7 years. The estimated cost per kilogram of debris removed is on the order of a few percent of typical launch costs per kilogram. This supports shifting the focus on debris from simply maintaining the status quo by limiting the introduction of new debris to active, wholesale removal of all large debris objects in LEO with EDDE.
Very fast H<sub>2</sub>production from the methanolysis of NaBH<sub>4</sub>by metal-free poly(ethylene imine) microgel catalysts (2016)

The polyethyleneimine (PEI) microgels prepared via microemulsion polymerization are protonated by hydrochloric acid treatment (p-PEI) and quaternized (q-PEI) via modification reaction with methyl iodide and with bromo alkanes of different alkyl chain lengths such as 1-bromoethane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromohexane, and 1-bromooctane. The bare p-PEI and q-PEI microgels are used as catalysts directly without any metal nanoparticles for the methanolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Various parameters such as the protonation/quaternization reaction on PEI microgels, the amount of catalyst, the amount of NaBH4, and temperature are investigated for their effects on the hydrogen (H2) production rate. The reaction of self-methanolysis of NaBH4 finishes in about 32.5 min, whereas the bare PEI microgel as catalyst finishes the methanolysis of NaBH4 in 22 min. Surprisingly, it is found that when the protonated PEI microgels are used as catalyst, the same methanolysis of NaBH4 is finished in 1.5 min. The highest H2 generation rate value is observed for protonated PEI microgels (10 mg) with 8013 mL of H2/(g of catalyst.min) for the methanolysis of NaBH4. Moreover, activation parameters are also calculated with activation energy value of 23.7 kJ/mol, enthalpy 20.9 kJ/mol, and entropy −158 J/K.mol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐Field‐of‐View Wide‐Spectrum Artificial Reflecting Superposition Compound Eyes (2014)

In nature, reflecting superposition compound eyes (RSCEs) found in shrimps, lobsters and some other decapods are extraordinary imaging systems with numerous optical features such as minimum chromatic aberration, wide-angle field of view (FOV), high sensitivity to light and superb acuity to motion. Here, we present life-sized, large-FOV, wide-spectrum artificial RSCEs as optical imaging devices inspired by the unique designs of their natural counterparts. Our devices can form real, clear images based on reflection rather than refraction, hence avoiding chromatic aberration due to dispersion by the optical materials. Compared to imaging at visible wavelengths using conventional refractive lenses of comparable size, our artificial RSCEs demonstrate minimum chromatic aberration, exceptional FOV up to 165° without distortion, modest aberrations and comparable imaging quality without any post-image processing. Together with an augmenting cruciform pattern surrounding each focused image, our large-FOV, wide-spectrum artificial RSCEs possess enhanced motion-tracking capability ideal for diverse applications in military, security, medical imaging and astronomy.