gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, characterization and mode of action of PdhR, the transcriptional repressor of the <i>pdhR–aceEF–Ipd</i> operon of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

The repressor of the pdhR-aceEF-lpd operon of Escherichia coli, PdhR, was amplified to 23% of total cell protein and purified to homogeneity by heparin-agarose and cation-exchange chromatography. The purified protein is a monomer (M(r) 29,300) which binds specifically to DNA fragments containing the pdh promoter (Ppdh) in the absence of pyruvate. The pdh operator was identified by DNase I footprinting as a region of hyphenated dyad symmetry, +11AATTGGTaagACCAATT+27, situated just downstream of the transcript start site. In vitro transcription from Ppdh was repressed > 1000-fold by PdhR and this repression was antagonized in a concentration-dependent manner by its co-effector, pyruvate. Studies on RNA polymerase binding at Ppdh showed that RNA polymerase protects the -44 to +21 region in the absence of PdhR, but no RNA polymerase binding or protection upstream of +9 could be detected in the presence of PdhR. It is concluded that PdhR represses transcription by binding to an operator site centred at +19 such that effective binding of RNA polymerase is prevented.
Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: synthesis of full-length DNA with purified proteins. (1983)

A protein required for the elongation of replicating intermediates of adenovirus (Ad) DNA to full length has been isolated and characterized. This factor, isolated from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells, has been designated nuclear factor II. In the presence of Ad DNA with proteins at each 5' end (Ad DNA-protein) and three proteins coded for by the Ad genome [the preterminal protein (pTP), the DNA polymerase (Ad Pol), and the DNA binding protein (Ad DBP)], nuclear factor II complementing activity is detected only in the presence of host nuclear factor I. Highly purified preparations of nuclear factor II that are free of detectable DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma activities contain a DNA topoisomerase activity. Furthermore, type I DNA topoisomerases purified from HeLa cells and calf thymus substitute for nuclear factor II complementing activity in the in vitro Ad DNA replication system. These results indicate that a protein that is involved in higher order DNA structure is required for Ad replication. This protein plus the purified proteins described above carry out the initiation and synthesis of full-length 36,000-base-pair Ad DNA.
MYCOPHENOLIC ACID INCREASES APOPTOSIS, LYSOSOMES AND LIPID DROPLETS IN HUMAN LYMPHOID AND MONOCYTIC CELL LINES (1999)

Increased apoptosis and terminal differentiation of both lymphocytes and monocytes may promote the antiproliferative, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory effects of MMF seen clinically in transplantation and rheumatoid arthritis.
Transformation of arachidonic acid and homo-gamma-linolenic acid by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Monohydroxy acids from novel lipoxygenases (1976)

Addition of arachidonic acid and homo-gamma-linolenic acid to a suspension of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils led to the synthesis of 5-L-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 8-L-hydroxy-9,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, respectively. Both hydroxy acids were found to be the main metabolites of their respective unsaturated C-20 fatty acid precursor, constituting more than 50% of the total substrate conversion. The formation of the two metabolites was not inhibted bb indomethacin, indicating that the enzymes involved were unrelated to the prostaglandin synthetase system. The presence in the two compounds of a hydroxyl group alpha to a pair of conjugated cis/trans double bonds suggested that they were formed by action of lipoxygenease(s).
Mechanical ventilation enhances lung inflammation and caspase activity in a model of mouse pneumovirus infection (2008)

Severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children can progress to respiratory distress and acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests that mechanical ventilation (MV) is an important cofactor in the development of ALI by modulating the host immune responses to bacteria. This study investigates whether MV enhances the host response to pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a mouse pneumovirus that has been used as a model for RSV infection in humans. BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with diluted clarified lung homogenates from mice infected with PVM strain J3666 or uninfected controls. Four days after inoculation, the mice were subjected to 4 h of MV (tidal volume, 10 ml/kg) or allowed to breathe spontaneously. When compared with that of mice inoculated with PVM only, the administration of MV to PVM-infected mice resulted in increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of the cytokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, MIP-1alpha (CCL3), and IL-6; increased alveolar-capillary permeability to high molecular weight proteins; and increased caspase-3 activity in lung homogenates. We conclude that MV enhances the activation of inflammatory and caspase cell death pathways in response to pneumovirus infection. We speculate that MV potentially contributes to the development of lung injury in patients with RSV infection.
Supervised Domain Adaptation for Text-Independent Speaker Verification Using Limited Data (2020)

To adapt the speaker verification (SV) system to a target domain with limited data, this paper investigates the transfer learning of the model pre-trained on the source domain data.To that end, layer-by-layer adaptation with transfer learning from the initial and final layers of the pre-trained model is investigated.We show that the model adapted from the initial layers outperforms the model adapted from the final layers.Based on this evidence, and inspired by the works in image recognition field, we hypothesize that low-level convolutional neural network (CNN) layers characterize domain-specific component while high-level CNN layers are domain-independent and have more discriminative power.For adapting these domain-specific components, angular margin softmax (AMSoftmax) applied on the CNN-based implementation of the x-vector architecture.In addition, to reduce the problem of over-fitting on the limited target data, transfer learning on the batch norm layers is investigated.Mean shift and covariance estimation of batch norm allows to map the represented components of the target domain to the source domain.Using TDNN and E-TDNN versions of the x-vectors as baseline models, the adapted models on the development set of NIST SRE 2018 outperformed the baselines with relative improvements of 11.0 and 13.8 %, respectively.
MOCVD of aluminium oxide films using aluminium β-diketonates as precursors (2002)

Deposition of Al 2 O 3 coatings by CVD is of importance because they are often used as abrading material in cemented carbide cutting tools. The conventionally used CVD process for Al 2 O 3 involves the corrosive reactant AlCl 3 . In this paper, we report on the thermal characterisation of the metalorganic precursors namely aluminium tris-tetramethyl-heptanedionate [Al(thd) 3 ] and aluminium tris-acetylacetonate [Al(acac) 3 ] and their application to the CVD of Al 2 O 3 films. Crystalline Al 2 O 5 films were deposited by MOCVD at low temperatures by the pyrolysis of Al(thd) 3 and Al(acac) 3 . The films were deposited on a TiN-coated tungsten carbide (TiN/WC) and Si(100) substrates in the temperature range 500-1100°C. The as-deposited films were characterised by x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy. The observed crystallinity of films grown at low temperatures, their microstructure, and composition may be interpreted in terms of a growth process that involves the melting of the metalorganic precursor on the hot growth surface.
Effects of dielectrics on the radiation patterns of an electromagnetic horn (1970)

Experimental results of the effects of dielectrics on the radiation pattern of electromagnetic horns are presented. The experiments were conducted with triangular and modified triangular shapes of dielectric materials. Because of the ease of fabrication, styrofoam was chosen for the dielectric. Furthermore, the low dielectric constant ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\epsilon_{r} = 1.03</tex> ) of this material reduces the signal reflections at the air-dielectric interface. The dielectric was placed inside a 7-foot long <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> -plane sectoral horn operating at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> -band frequencies. Near- and far-field measurements showed that the dielectric, in spite of its low dielectric constant, changed the phase and the power distribution across the aperture of the horn. By judicious choice of the shape and material of the dielectric, an antenna beam with sidelobes below -40 dB can be obtained.
Reduction and dissolution of manganese(III) and manganese(IV) oxides by organics. 1. Reaction with hydroquinone (1984)

The chemical processes by which manganese oxides are solubilized by reduction in anoxic waters are poorly understood. A study of the reduction and dissolution of manganese oxide suspensions by hydroquinone was undertaken to determine the rate and mechanism of the solubilization reaction. Dissolution of the manganese-(III,IV) oxide suspension by hydroquinone in the pH range 6.5 < pH < 8.5 is initially described by the following empirical rate law:\nd[Mn²⁺]/dt = k₁[H⁺]^(0.46)[QH₂]^(1.0)([MnO_x]₀[Mn²⁺]) \nwhere [Mn²⁺] is the dissolved manganese concentration,\n[QH₂] is the hydroquinone concentration, and [MnO_x]₀ is\nthe amount of manganese oxide added. The apparent activation energy was found to be at +37 kJ/mol. Calcium and phosphate inhibited the reaction, by adsorbing on the oxide surface. A model is proposed for the observed rate dependence, according to which complex formation between hydroquinone and manganese oxide surface sites occurs prior to electron transfer.
Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving through ad hoc agent coalitions (2010)

Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving refers to a loosely coupled network of problem solvers working together to solve problems that may be beyond the capabilities of individual agents. Individual nodes may not have sufficient expertise, resources or information to solve the entire problem but every node is capable of solving some part. A group of autonomous agents in a Multi-agent System often work in a cooperative manner and form coalitions to obtain higher payoff than they can get individually. The coalition formation framework of Multi-agent Systems can be extended to a Distributed Problem Solving formulation where agents strive to achieve higher group benefits. This paper tries to demonstrate how a group of autonomous agents can solve a package delivery domain problem with reasonably good parameters in a purely distributed manner. Unlike traditional distributed problem solving experiments, here the agents are distributed across the problem domain and all control decisions are decentralized with no agent acting as a central dispatcher/ scheduler.
Organic builders: A review of worldwide efforts to find organic replacements for detergent phosphates (1978)

Abstract Continuing pressures to reduce phosphates in wastewaters have sustained an intensive worldwide search to develop acceptable substitutes. Organic polycarboxylate salts have been most extensively investigated because there are a large number of structural possibilities, and the possibility for biodegradation to innocuous CO 2 and H 2 O offers an optimal answer to most environmental questions. In addition to testing known compounds, many novel structures have been synthesized in efforts to tailor materials with optimum properties. Stringent requirements for functional effectiveness, human safety, environmental acceptability, practical processability, and acceptable costs have limited the number of viable alternatives. Compounds that have been proposed are reviewed with particular attention to recent developments.
Prolonged Analgesia and Decreased Toxicity with Liposomal Morphine in a Mouse Model (1994)

Inadequate control of postoperative pain remains a major clinical problem. A reliable method of providing long-lasting postoperative analgesia with a single dose would be very useful. We synthesized a liposomal morphine formulation and compared it to free morphine with regard to duration of analgesia in the mouse. Analgesia was assessed after intraperitoneal injection using the tail-flick test. The systemic toxicity after administration of liposomal and free morphine was compared. The release rate of morphine from liposomes in vitro was also evaluated. The lethal intraperitoneal dose of free morphine in 50% of mice (LD50) was 400 mg/kg. The maximum safe (non-lethal) dose of free morphine was 130 mg/kg. The highest dose of liposomal morphine administered (1650 mg/kg) did not cause death in any animal. Duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged with the highest dose of liposomal morphine (21.5 +/- 5.3 h) compared to the maximum safe dose of free morphine (3.7 +/- 0.75 h), P < 0.01. In vitro experiments showed a slow release rate of morphine from the liposome depot. Prolonged analgesia and decreased systemic toxicity for liposomal morphine are explained by sustained release of morphine from the liposomal depot. These results suggest that liposomal narcotic formulations may provide prolonged analgesia with single-dose administration.
Linkage disequilibrium predicts physical distance in the adenomatous polyposis coli region. (1994)

To test the reliability of linkage-disequilibrium analysis for gene mapping, we compared physical distance and linkage disequilibrium among seven polymorphisms in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) region on chromosome 5. Three of them lie within the APC gene, and two lie within the nearby MCC (mutated in colon cancer) gene. One polymorphism lies between the two genes, and one is likely to be 5' of MCC. Five of these polymorphisms are newly reported. All polymorphisms were typed in the CEPH kindreds, yielding 179-205 unrelated two-locus haplotypes. Linkage disequilibrium between each pair of polymorphisms is highly correlated with physical distance in this 550-kb region (correlation coefficient -.80, P < .006). This result is replicated in both the Utah and non-Utah CEPH kindreds. There is a tendency for greater disequilibrium among pairs of polymorphisms located within the same gene than among other pairs of polymorphisms. Trigenic, quadrigenic, three-locus, and four-locus disequilibrium measures were also estimated, but these measures revealed much less disequilibrium than did the two-locus disequilibrium measures. A review of 19 published disequilibrium studies, including this one, shows that linkage disequilibrium nearly always correlates significantly with physical distance in genomic regions > 50-60 kb but that it does not do so in smaller genomic regions. We show that this agrees with theoretical predictions. This finding helps to resolve controversies regarding the use of disequilibrium for inferring gene order. Disequilibrium mapping is unlikely to predict gene order correctly in regions < 50-60 kb in size but can often be applied successfully in regions of 50-500 kb or so in size. It is convenient that this is the range in which other mapping techniques, including chromosome walking and linkage mapping, become difficult.
Primary cardiac sarcomas may develop from resident or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells: use of immunohistochemistry including CD44 and octamer binding protein 3/4 (2012)

The cytoplasmic positivity for CD44 and the absence of nuclear Oct3/4 suggest that the cells of these sarcomas may represent 'daughter' stem cells that no longer have the capacity for tumour initiation, but have subsequently developed new lines of partial differentiation. Primary cardiac sarcomas may arise from mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to generate tumours with multilineage differentiation.
Tiotropium bromide (2001)

Tiotropium bromide is a new long-lasting anticholinergic drug which, like ipratropium bromide, is a quaternary ammonium derivative. It binds with high affinity to muscarinic receptors but dissociates very slowly from M(1)- and M(3)-muscarinic receptors. Pharmacology studies have demonstrated a prolonged protective effect against cholinergic agonists and cholinergic nerve stimulation in animal and human airways. In Phase II studies single inhaled doses of tiotropium bromide have a bronchodilator and bronchoprotective effect in asthmatic and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients of over 24 h. In Phase III studies, once daily inhaled tiotropium is an effective bronchodilator in COPD patients, giving great improvement in lung function and reduction in symptoms than ipratropium bromide given four times daily. The drug is well-tolerated and the only side effect of note is dryness of the mouth which occurs in approximately 10% of patients. Since, anticholinergics are the bronchodilators of choice in COPD it is likely that tiotropium bromide will become the most widely used bronchodilator for COPD patients in the future.
Three-dimensional equalization for the 3-D QAM system with strength reduction (2002)

Recently, the 3-D CAP system was introduced as a modification to the conventional 2-D CAP. This paper makes two contributions in the context of the 3-D CAP system. First, the QAM equivalent for the three-dimensional case is introduced by extending the 2-D complex notation into a 3-D vector notation. The definition is a modification of the well known quaternions. Second, the 3-D QAM filtering is redefined using algorithmic strength reduction to reduce the overall complexity by about one third with marginal degradation. The 3-D QAM system using 9 filters performs almost exactly as the 3-D CAP. Further complexity reduction is achieved by exploiting filtering reduction at the expense of only one dB of receiver SNR degradation.
Active state recognition of a person by the multimodal biological information estimated from facial image sequences (2016)

This paper investigates human activity recognition based on biological information estimated by a non-contact measurement method. A facial image sequence of a person is utilized to estimate the biological information, such as heart rate, heart rate variability and blinking. Experiments that impose physical and mental tasks are conducted in order to gather the biological information, and then experiments of recognising the person's active state are conducted to evaluate three active states of resting, physical burden and mental burden. In order to classify person's active state, machine learning approaches, such as multilayer neural network and support vector machine, are used to design recognition systems and their characteristics are investigated. In person-independent recognition, neural network using all biological information features including dynamics information can attain a recognition rate of 82% while support vector machine can achieve the recognition rate of 97%. Experimental results demonstrate that using multimodal biological information is feasible for recognising the person's active state and that support vector machine is suited for this task.
Thin film characterization by atomic force microscopy at ultrasonic frequencies (2000)

We present a technique in which atomic force microscopy at ultrasonic frequencies is used to determine the thickness of thin films. In this technique, the resonance frequency of a flexural mode of an atomic force microscope cantilever is used to determine the tip-sample contact stiffness. This allows the film thickness to be determined, provided that the tip and sample elastic moduli and radii of curvature are known. We report experimental results for thin metal and polymer films deposited on silicon substrates and compare them with the predictions of a theoretical model.
Synthesis of 2,4‐diamino‐9<i>H</i>‐indeno[2,1‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1969)

Abstract As part of a search for new antifolic, antimalarial, and antitumor agents, a series of 2,4‐diamino‐9 H ‐indeno[2,1‐ d ]pyrimidines was prepared by condensation of guanidine with substituted 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyano‐1 H ‐indenes. Base‐catalyzed cyclization of 1,2‐bis(cyanomethyl)benzenes afforded 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐1 H ‐indenes, which were converted into 3‐cyano‐2‐methoxy‐1 H ‐indenes by acid hydrolysis and treatment of the resultant 1‐cyano‐2‐indanones with diazomethane. Alternatively, 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐1 H ‐indenes could be transformed directly into 2‐ethoxy‐3‐eyano‐1 H ‐indenes by reaction with ethanol and sulfuric acid. The 2,4‐diamino‐9 H ‐indeno[2,1‐d]‐pyrimidines represent a new type of planar, tricyclic pyrimethamine analog, in which free rotation of the phenyl and pyrimidine rings is prevented by means of a methylene bridge.
Rate and mechanism of generation of beta 2-microglobulin mutants from a heterozygous murine cell line. (1990)

Mutants that fail to express the B2mb allele can be readily isolated from a B2ma/b heterozygous cell line called R8 by a single step immunoselection protocol using a mAb against beta 2 microglobulin protein in the presence of complement. We present data that demonstrate that the mutants preexist the selection and arise at a rate of about 10(-6)/cell per generation. Southern blot analyses suggest that the mutants have lost the B2mb gene and the linked allele at the Emv-15 proviral integration site telomeric to the B2m locus. Surprisingly, the deletion of the first exon of the B2mb gene that is observed in other cell lines is not found in R8. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed.
The first surface micromachined pressure sensor for cardiovascular pressure measurements (2002)

A surface micromachined pressure sensor for blood pressure measurements has been commercialized. Using a polysilicon surface micromachining process, a silicon chip with the dimensions of 100/spl times/150/spl times/1300 /spl mu/m and a polysilicon diaphragm area of 103/spl times/103 /spl mu/m has been fabricated. The piezoresistive pressure sensor has a typical pressure sensitivity of 2.0 /spl mu/V/V mmHg which results in a blood pressure measurement accuracy better than 2 mmHg. This new pressure sensor is used clinically for blood pressure measurements in balloon angioplasty applications.
Clinical evaluation of melanomas and common nevi by spectral imaging (2012)

A clinical trial on multi-spectral imaging of malignant and non-malignant skin pathologies comprising 17 melanomas and 65 pigmented common nevi was performed. Optical density data of skin pathologies were obtained in the spectral range 450-950 nm using the multispectral camera Nuance EX. An image parameter and maps capable of distinguishing melanoma from pigmented nevi were proposed. The diagnostic criterion is based on skin optical density differences at three fixed wavelengths: 540nm, 650nm and 950nm. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were estimated to be 94% and 89%, respectively. The proposed methodology and potential clinical applications are discussed.
A 0.38 V near/sub‐ <i>V</i> <sub>T</sub> digitally controlled low‐dropout regulator with enhanced power supply noise rejection in 90 nm CMOS process (2013)

This study describes a 0.38 V digitally controlled low‐dropout (LDO) voltage regulator enabling dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for near/sub‐threshold applications. For operating at an ultra‐low supply voltage, analogue components are replaced in conventional LDOs with digital counterparts. Especially, a digital reference control that is based on a replica circuit is proposed to improve power supply noise rejection and line regulation of the LDO. The proposed LDO has been designed in a 90 nm regular V T complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The LDO can regulate the output voltage from 0.12 to 0.32 V with a supply voltage of 0.38 V. Furthermore, it reaches the current efficiency of 99.3% and the power efficiency of 83.6%, respectively, at a load current of 1 mA. The digitally controllable DVS with 3 mV resolution is achieved.