gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of mouse models for cystic fibrosis (1995)

Using gene targeting in embryonal stem cells it is now possible to create accurate genetic models of inherited human disease in the mouse. The value of an animal model of cystic fibrosis is in providing clarification of disease pathogenesis, genotype-phenotype correlation, the identification of other relevant genetic factors, and as the optimal test system for novel therapeutic intervention. Correction of the basic defect by a somatic gene therapy approach is an attractive approach to disease treatment. CF mouse models have been described which display the characteristic electrophysiological defect and thus both safety and efficacy can be monitored in these animals. Modulation of Cftr levels in transgenic animals and the results on disease phenotype give some indication of the level of gene expression necessary to give clinical effect.
Cisplatin-induced senescence in ovarian cancer cells is mediated by GRP78 (2014)

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), the most abundant and well-characterized glucose-regulated protein, is a major stress-inducible chaperone localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of GRP78 involved in the senescence sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. In the present study, we found that the chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian tumor sections showed strong staining for heterochromatin protein 1-γ (HP1-γ), but weak staining for GRP78. Cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells with low expression of GRP78 tended to undergo senescence easily when compared with the cisplatin-resistant C13K cells following a dose-gradient cisplatin exposure. Forced overexpression of GRP78 protected the cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells from cisplatin-induced senescence through P53 and CDC2. Knockdown of GRP78 rescued the senescence sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant C13K cells to cisplatin through P21 and CDC2. Twisting of Ca2+ release from ER stores by GRP78 was established to be associated with the sensitivity of cisplatin-induced senescence in ovarian cancer cell lines. In conclusion, GRP78 may have anti-senescence effects on ovarian cancer cells involving multiple mechanisms. Intervention against GRP78 may reduce cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
Congestion and Awareness Control in Cooperative Vehicular Systems (2011)

Cooperative vehicular systems have been identified as a promising solution to overcome the current and future needs for increasing traffic safety and efficiency, while providing infotainment and added-value services on the move. To achieve their objectives, cooperative vehicular systems will be based on wireless communications between vehicles and with other infrastructure nodes, and will have to deal with highly dynamic nodes, challenging propagation conditions, and stringent application requirements. By looking at cooperative applications and their data traffic, as well as the current and foreseen spectrum allocations for cooperative vehicular systems, there is a risk that the corresponding radio channels could easily be saturated if no control algorithms are used. The saturation of the radio channels would result in unstable vehicular communications, and thus in an inefficient operation of cooperative systems. As a prime example of upcoming ubiquitous networks contributing to the vision of “a thousand radios per person,” cooperative vehicular systems need to be designed to scale to high densities of radios without centralized coordination, while at the same time guaranteeing the requirements of the implemented applications and services, for example the stringent needs of active traffic safety applications. In this paper, we survey and classify various decentralized methods to control the load on the radio channels and to ensure each vehicle's capacity to detect and communicate with the relevant neighboring vehicles, with a particular focus on approaches based on transmit power and rate control. Finally, we discuss the open research challenges that are imposed by different application requirements and potential existing contradictions.
Nanoengineering and interfacial engineering of photovoltaics by atomic layer deposition (2011)

Investment into photovoltaic (PV) research has accelerated over the past decade as concerns over energy security and carbon emissions have increased. The types of PV technology in which the research community is actively engaged are expanding as well. This review focuses on the burgeoning field of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for photovoltaics. ALD is a self-limiting thin film deposition technique that has demonstrated usefulness in virtually every sector of PV technology including silicon, thin film, tandem, organic, dye-sensitized, and next generation solar cells. Further, the specific applications are not limited. ALD films have been deposited on planar and nanostructured substrates and on inorganic and organic devices, and vary in thickness from a couple of angstroms to over 100 nm. The uses encompass absorber materials, buffer layers, passivating films, anti-recombination shells, and electrode modifiers. Within the last few years, the interest in ALD as a PV manufacturing technique has increased and the functions of ALD have expanded. ALD applications have yielded fundamental understanding of how devices operate and have led to increased efficiencies or to unique architectures for some technologies. This review also highlights new developments in high throughput ALD, which is necessary for commercialization. As the demands placed on materials for the next generation of PV become increasingly stringent, ALD will evolve into an even more important method for research and fabrication of solar cell devices.
Acetate Metabolism in a <i>pta</i> Mutant of <i>Escherichia coli</i> W3110: Importance of Maintaining Acetyl Coenzyme A Flux for Growth and Survival (1999)

In order to study the physiological role of acetate metabolism in Escherichia coli, the growth characteristics of an E. coli W3100 pta mutant defective in phosphotransacetylase, the first enzyme of the acetate pathway, were investigated. The pta mutant grown on glucose minimal medium excreted unusual by-products such as pyruvate, D-lactate, and L-glutamate instead of acetate. In an analysis of the sequential consumption of amino acids by the pta mutant growing in tryptone broth (TB), a brief lag between the consumption of amino acids normally consumed was observed, but no such lag occurred for the wild-type strain. The pta mutant was found to grow slowly on glucose, TB, or pyruvate, but it grew normally on glycerol or succinate. The defective growth and starvation survival of the pta mutant were restored by the introduction of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis genes (phbCAB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus, indicating that the growth defect of the pta mutant was due to a perturbation of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) flux. By the stoichiometric analysis of the metabolic fluxes of the central metabolism, it was found that the amount of pyruvate generated from glucose transport by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) exceeded the required amount of precursor metabolites downstream of pyruvate for biomass synthesis. These results suggest that E. coli excretes acetate due to the pyruvate flux from PTS and that any method which alleviates the oversupply of acetyl CoA would restore normal growth to the pta mutant.
Effect of Effervescent Biofertilizer Consortial Tablets on Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (2017)

A new formulation of effervescent tablets containing microbial consortium was prepared for tomato with an objective to improve its survival and effectiveness. Three agriculturally beneficial microorganisms viz. Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium were used in consortium. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation method using talc or compost as diluent. Effectiveness of these inoculants formulations was studied in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in a greenhouse. Maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, total chlorophyll and dry weight were observed in plants treated with compost based tablets containing triple inoculants. Improved nutrient uptake and total biomass were recorded in all plants receiving tablet based formulation compared to conventional control. Plant growth in inoculated treatments was robust when supplied with NPK fertilizers, however, higher plant biomass and nutrient uptake were observed in plants receiving triple inoculants consortium without nutrients (-NPK) compared to un-inoculated plants with nutrients (+NPK).
Integrated Silicon Photonics Bridging Photonics and Computing (2011)

This presentation will provide an overview of silicon photonics research at Intel Corporation, describe some of the recent advances including the recently announced demonstration of an integrated silicon photonics optical link operating at 50Gbps and the scalability of this technology to >1Tbps. In addition the presentation will provide an overview and discuss the potential applications and future opportunities for enabling “photonics” in and around the PC and server platform. Article not available.
Analytical Performance of the N Terminal Pro B Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Assay on the Elecsys™ 1010 and 2010 Analysers (2004)

The Elecsys NT-proBNP assay is based on two polyclonal antibodies directed at residues 1-21 and 39-50 of the NT-proBNP molecule. Analytical performance was assessed using NCCLS protocol EP-5A using three serum pools in a preliminary study then as part of a multicentre evaluation (16 instruments in 8 hospitals). Using pools of 350 pg/l, 8700 pg/l and 13000 pg/l single site within run %CV was 0.7-1.6 (1010) and 1.2-1.5 (2010) and between run CV 5.3-6.7 (1010) and 4.4-5.0 (2010). In the multicentre evaluation within run CV was 1.0-2.5% with total imprecision 1.5-2.5% and between labs imprecision 3.8-4.0%. Functional sensitivity of <50 pg/l and measuring range to 35000 pg/l. There was excellent agreement between instrument platforms, y=0.97x+2.6; r=1.00 (n=215) for Elecsys 2010 (x) vs. Elecsys 1010 (y) and y=1.02x-0.3; r=1.00 (n=99) for Elecsys 2010 (x) vs. E 170 (y). Serum and heparin plasma samples showed good agreement but lower values were seen in EDTA plasma. Samples were stable for 7 days at room temperature; 21 days at 4 degrees C and for 5 freeze thaw cycles. Samples were obtained from a population of 1205 (671 male, 534 female) apparently healthy individuals screened by echocardiography and symptom questionnaire. There was poor correlation with NT-proANP (ELISA) (rs 0.33) and modest correlation with BNP (rs 0.89) with NT-proBNP values approximately 5 times greater than BNP (Biosite Triage). In a subset of 320 with normal ejection fraction (>50%) and no risk factors, NT-proBNP values increased with age and were higher in women than men.
Pricing Weather Derivatives (2000)

This article briefly reviews the background of weather derivatives. The primary goal is to develop a pricing scheme that accommodates and reflects their unique characteristics. Because the underlying indexes of weather derivatives are not traded, a no‐arbitrage model cannot be directly applied for the purpose of pricing. The actuarial technique is a feasible choice but cannot be applied in the traditional fashion, because the historical data are characterized by long‐term variability and trends that are difficult to define and correct based purely on the data. The pricing scheme developed in this article attempts to address these concerns by combining information from both empirical analysis of historical data and numerical simulations.
Automatic latency-optimal design of FPGA-based systolic arrays (2003)

"Systolic" algorithms have been shown to be suitable for a very large range of structured problems (i.e., linear algebra, graph theory, computational geometry, number-theoretic algorithms, string matching, sorting/searching, dynamic programming, discreet mathematics). Usage of this systolic architecture class has not been widespread in the past, in part because programmable hardware that supported this computing paradigm was not cost-effective to build and no design tools existed. However, suitable hardware has begun to appear. Complex FPGAs now provide an adequate level of speed, density and programmability in the form of reconfigurable computers, boards, and chips with embedded computational support. Such hardware could allow rapid implementation and change of systolic algorithms leading to inexpensive "programmable" systolic array hardware. Furthermore, the architectural characteristics of much FPGA hardware matches that required by systolic processing, because this technology is constructed from tiling identical memory and logic blocks along with supporting mesh interconnection networks. The symbolic parallel algorithm development environment (SPADE) described here is being developed to allow a designer to easily and rapidly explore the design space of various systolic algorithm implementations so that FPGA system tradeoffs can be efficiently analyzed. The intention is to allow a user to specify his algorithm with traditional high-level code, set some architectural constraints and then view the results in a meaningful graphical format.
Regulation of the degradative pathway enzymes coded for by the TOL plasmid (pWWO) from Pseudomonas putida mt-2 (1978)

Pseudomonas putida mt-2 carries a plasmid (TOL, pWWO) which codes for a single set of enzymes responsible for the catabolism of toluene and m- and p-xylene to central metabolites by way of benzoate and m- and p-toluate, respectively, and subsequently by a meta cleavage pathway. Characterization of strains with mutations in structural genes of this pathway demonstrates that the inducers of the enzymes responsible for further degradation of m-toluate include m-xylene, m-methylbenzyl alcohol, and m-toluate, whereas the inducers of the enzymes responsible for oxidation of m-xylene to m-toluate include m-xylene and m-methylbenzyl alcohol but not m-toluate. A regulatory mutant is described in which m-xylene and m-methylbenzyl alcohol no longer induce any of the pathway enzymes, but m-toluate is still able to induce the enzymes responsible for its own degradation. Among revertants of this mutant are some strains in which all the enzymes are expressed constitutively and are not further induced by m-xylene. A model is proposed for the regulation of the pathway in which the enzymes are in two regulatory blocks, which are under the control of two regulator gene products. The model is essentially the same as proposed earlier for the regulation of the isofunctional pathway on the TOL20 plasmid from P. putida MT20.
New synthetic inhibitor to the alternative complement pathway. (1983)

The inhibitory effects of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl 4-guanidinobenzoate (FUT-175) on the activities of factor B, factor D and cobra venom factor (CVF) X Bb were examined. FUT-175 bound specifically to the Bb fragment of factor B or CVF X Bb. FUT-175 was a non-competitive inhibitor of the esterolysis of L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-arginine naphthylester by factor B and CVF X Bb. FUT-175 also inhibited the haemolytic activity of factor B, the C3 convertase activity of CVF X Bb and the factor B-cleaving activity of factor D. The concentration of FUT-175 causing 50% inhibition of these activities was 10(-5) - 10(-4)M.
Oblivious transfers and intersecting codes (1996)

Assume A owns t secret k-bit strings. She is willing to disclose one of them to B, at his choosing, provided he does not learn anything about the other strings. Conversely, B does not want A to learn which secret he chose to learn. A protocol for the above task is said to implement one-out-of-t string oblivious transfer, denoted (/sup t//sub 1/)-OT/sup k//sub 2/. This primitive is particularly useful in a variety of cryptographic settings. An apparently simpler task corresponds to the case k=1 and t=2 of two 1-bit secrets: this is known as one-out-of-two bit oblivious transfer, denoted (/sup 2//sub 1/)-OT/sub 2/. We address the question of implementing (/sup t//sub 1/)-OT/sup k//sub 2/ assuming the existence of a (/sup 2//sub 1/)-OT/sub 2/. In particular, we prove that unconditionally secure (/sup 2//sub 1/)-OT/sup k//sub 2/ can be implemented from /spl Theta/(k) calls to (/sup 2//sub 1/)-OT/sub 2/. This is optimal up to a small multiplicative constant. Our solution is based on the notion of self-intersecting codes. Of independent interest, we give several efficient new constructions for such codes. Another contribution of this paper is a set of information-theoretic definitions for correctness and privacy of unconditionally secure oblivious transfer.
Effect of Aliphatic Oxime and Isatin Thiosemicarbazones on Vaccinia Infection in the Mouse and in the Rabbit (1953)

Summary1. Serial passage of vaccinia virus intracerebrally in mice treated with isatin thiosemicarbazone results in a gradual diminution in the amount of virus demonstrable in the brain. 2. Treatment with isatin thiosemicarbazone fails to protect rabbits inoculated intracerebrally with vaccinia virus. 3. Aliphatic oxime thiosemicarbazones may be as effective as benzene or heterocyclic derivatives as chemoprophylactic agents against vaccinia virus in mice.
Training nurses in a competency framework to support adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability: the EpAID cluster RCT (2018)

This trial was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in <i>Health Technology Assessment</i>; Vol. 22, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Commercial Peltier Modules (1995)

A Peltier module is composed of thermoelectric couples, connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel, and integrated between two ceramic plates. These plates form the cold and hot surfaces of the module and provide sound mechanical integrity and high electrical insulation from, as well as good thermal conduction to, the heat sink and body to be cooled. A single-stage Peltier module configuration is shown in Figure 1. There are still modules without ceramic plates. On the one hand they have the advantage of eliminating the thermal resistance of the ceramic plates, on the other hand they also have the disadvantage of mechanical fragility and they require electrical insulation. The thermoelectric couple consists of nand p-type semiconductor material. For thermoelectric cooling a quaternary alloy of bismuth, tellurium, selenium, and antimony is used-heavily doped to create either an excess (n-type) or a deficiency (p-type) of electrons. The doping is required to produce extensive thermoelectric cooling, thus yielding higher performance.
Synthesis of Some Analogs of Indole Phytoalexins Brassinin and Methoxybrassenin B and Their Positional Isomers (1999)

Treatment of indole-3-carboxylic acid with phosphorus trichloride and subsequent reaction of the obtained acid chloride with potassium thiocyanate afforded indol-3-ylcarbonyl isothiocyanate ( 13 ). Its treatment with sodium hydrogensulfide in the presence of methyl iodide lead to the corresponding methyl dithiocarbamate, an oxo derivative of brassinin (oxobrassinin, 14 ), which by methylation with methyl iodide afforded brassenin B ( 8 ). Corresponding 2-isomers, 21 and 23 , were obtained by an analogous sequence, starting from indole-2-carboxylic acid. During the preparation of isooxobrassinin ( 21 ), which appeared to be unstable in the basic reaction medium, also an imidazo[3,4- a ]indole derivative 22 has been isolated as an unexpected side product. Related oxobrassinin analogs and their 2-isomers were prepared by treatment of indol-3- and indol-2-ylcarbonyl isothiocyanate with methanol and amines. In the case of isothiocyanate 13 , besides the expected products of nucleophilic addition to NCS group (monothiocarbamate 25a and thiourea derivatives 25b - 25g ), also the substitution products were obtained. Their formation could be explained by partial decomposition of the starting isothiocyanate to an unstable ketene, which reacts with methanol and amines to afford the corresponding methyl carboxylate 26a and carboxamides 26b - 26g . Antifungal activity of the prepared compounds has been examined, using the fungus Bipolaris leersiae . All of the compounds exhibited lower activity than phytoalexin brassinin.
Monopulse-radar angle measurement in noise (1994)

Angle-tracking accuracy in noise or noise jamming was quantified by this author in a previous paper for those monopulse radars which compute the monopulse ratio digitally from baseband signals, and which use those measurements only when the sum-channel envelope exceeds a detection threshold examined here in more detail is the impact of only receiver noise, in the absence of a hostile, electronic countermeasure (ECM) environment. Here, the target is not assumed to be positioned at, or very near, the null of the monopulse ratio. Furthermore, noise levels in the difference and sum channels are not taken to be necessarily equal, where inequality can occur from differences in noise figure between the two channels, or from applying separate and different aperture weighting for difference and sum antenna patterns in a phased-array radar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth of PbTe/CdTe on GaAs (100) (1987)

The depositions of PbTe and CdTe on GaAs (100) by molecular-beam epitaxy have been examined by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. While the dominant nucleation orientation is (111) for CdTe, it can be varied from (111) to (100) for PbTe as the substrate temperature is reduced. Also (100) prevails as the PbTe film thickness increases, regardless of the initial nucleation. Epitaxial growth of PbTe and CdTe on each other have also been achieved, leading to multilayer structures of either (100) or (111) orientation. The orientation in this case is governed by that of the initial material laid on GaAs.
Nanoscale Resistive Memory Device Using SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Films (2007)

Resistive-oxide memory cells based on polycrystalline films of Cr-doped SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> have been investigated with regard to next-generation non-volatile memory. Crosspoint cells with an area of 200 × 200nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> show fast write and erase times (≤ 100ns), endure 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> programming cycles and can be programmed with low currents (< 100μA). The weak area dependence of the write and erase current give rise to desirable scaling properties.
Construction of the targeting vectors of heat shock protein 86 gene of Plasmodium falciparum. (2000)

Aim In order to investigate the function of hsp86 gene in Plasmodium falciparum,two fragments of heat shock protein 86 gene of Plasmodium falciparum were amplified and the targeting vectors were constructed.Methods Culturing the Plasmodium falciparum in vitro,extracting the genome DNA,amplifing the targeted gene with PCR,contructing the target vector and identifing with restricted enzymes and sequencing.Results The relative fragments were amplified successfully.The insertion and replcement vector with hsp86 gene were constructed.Conclusion Constructing successfully the replacement and insertion vector which is used to the gene knockout in Plasmodium falciparum.
An all solid-state UV source based on a frequency quadrupled, passively Q-switched 946 nm laser (2007)

We report a 236 nm light source with 20 mW of average power based on critically phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a beta-barium borate crystal at room temperature. The fundamental light source was a passively Q-switched 946 nm Nd:YAG laser tunable from 10 - 38 kHz and with a pulse length of 16 ns. In the generation of 473 nm light, periodically poled KTP and BiBO was compared in terms of conversion efficiency and stability.