gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of the FMDV translation initiation site and of the structural proteins (1983)

A cDNA clone of Foot and Mouth Diseases Virus (FMDV), strain C1, has been sequenced. The limits of the structural genes were defined by comparison with the available protein data. We identified two potential translation initiation sites for the viral polyprotein separated by 84 nucleotides. We suggest that these two initiation sites could be used to express two proteins differing only at the N-terminal, P16 and P20a. This model is supported by the fact that antiserum against a bacterially synthesized polypeptide corresponding to the anterior region of the polyprotein precipitates specifically both P16 and P20a. Comparison of the C1 sequence with two other serotypes, O1K and A10 revealed variability in the major immunogenic structural protein, VP1, and also in two other capsid proteins, VP2 and VP3. P16/P20a, VP4, and the N-terminal part of the precursor of the nonstructural genes, P52, are rather conserved between the different FMDV strains.
Synthesis and spectral investigation of alkyl methacrylates with halogenated carbazolyl pendant groups for photonics applications (2002)

Abstract The alkyl methacrylates with halogenated carbazolyl pendant groups were prepared, and the analysis of their absorption and emission spectra showed that the polymers containing monohalogenatged carbazole rings were capable of exhibiting a high singlet‐triplet (S‐T) conversion. The reasons that mainly triplet excitons could be observed in such polymers and additional bands appearance in the spectra of the polymers with dihalogenated carbazole rings are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1650–1656, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10469
Wireless Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Sensors (2016)

Short-range continuous-wave Doppler radar sensors have been mainly used for noncontact detection of various motions. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility to implement the function of a remote mouse, an input device of a computer, by recognizing human gestures based on a dual-channel Doppler radar sensor. Direct conversion architecture, symmetric subcarrier modulation, and bandpass sampling techniques are used to obtain a cost-effective solution. An arcsine algorithm and a motion imaging algorithm are proposed to linearly reconstruct the hand and finger motions in a 2-D plane from the demodulated Doppler phase shifts. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and algorithms. Different from the frequency-domain “micro-Doppler” approach, the proposed remote gesture recognition based on linear motion reconstruction is able to recognize definitive signatures for the corresponding motions, exhibiting promising potential in practical applications of human-computer interaction.
N‐Methyl‐benzylamine, a metabolite of pargyline in man. (1979)

1. N-methyl-benzylamine was identified in human urine and plasma after the administration of pargyline in man. This metabolite was identified by thin layer chromatography mobility, gas chromatographic retention time and mass spectrum relative to authentic N-methyl-benzylamine. 2. [14C]-N-methyl-benzylamine, together with a small amount of [14C]-benzylamine, was formed in vitro from [14C]-pargyline when this was incubated with human and rat liver microsomes. 3. The urinary excretion rates of pargyline and its metabolite have also been described.
Investigation of Some Commercially Available Spacer Devices for the Delivery of Glucocorticoid Steroids from a pMDI (2001)

Five commercially available spacers were investigated to determine their influence on the percentage of drug retained in the spacer device, percentage fine particle fraction (FPF), percentage deposited in the induction port, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and geometric standard deviation (GSD). Betamethasone valerate (BMV) and triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) were used as model drugs in the pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulations containing the propellant HFA 134a. The BMV was dissolved in an ethanol/HFA 134a system, and the TAA was suspended in HFA 134a using ethanol as a dispersing agent. The metering chamber volume of the valve was either 50 microl or 150 microl. The spacer devices investigated included the ACE, Aerochamber, Azmacort, Easivent, and Ellipse spacers. Each spacer device was attached to an Andersen Cascade Impactor powered by a vacuum pump. Cascade impaction data were used to derive the percentage drug deposited in the induction port, MMAD, GSD, and FPF. The BMV particles emitted from the spacers were finer than the TAA particles because the dissolved drug precipitated as the cosolvent evaporated. The TAA particles had significantly larger MMADs because many undissolved drug particles were contained within each droplet following actuation. After evaporation of the liquid continuous phase, the suspended drug aggregated to form larger agglomerates than those particles precipitated from the BMV pMDI solution droplets. The addition of a spacer device lowered the MMAD to less than 4.7 microm for particles from both the BMV pMDI solution and the TAA pMDI suspension. The addition of a spacer device also lowered the percentage drug deposited in the induction port. The FPF was significantly increased when a spacer device was used. The MMAD significantly decreased when a spacer device was added for the two model drugs when using the 150-microl metering valves, but the difference was not statistically significant when the 50-microl valves were used (P < .05). The GSD was not influenced by the use of a spacer device. The use of a spacer device will enhance pMDI therapy by reducing the amount of drug deposited in the oropharyngeal region, which will lead to fewer instances of local and systemic side effects. In addition, the spacer devices investigated will allow a higher dose of drug to reach the deep lung, which may permit the use of lower dosage regimens with increased therapeutic efficacy.
Channels leading to rapid error recovery for decision feedback equalizers (1989)

The authors define the DFE (decision feedback equalizer) system of interest and their finite-error-recovery-time problem. They present their basic result, which establishes that whenever the channel satisfies a simple frequency-domain constraint, the error recovery time of an ideal DFE is always finite. They also include four applications of this theorem, including analysis of a real channel. Convergence rates and explicit bounds, given an exponential overbound on the channel impulse response, are presented. Results of greater practical interest, where the authors relax most of the major idealized assumptions, are also given. The authors present the result for M-ary data and relate the error recovery time bound back to the binary case. A formula for the error probability, given a high signal-to-noise-ratio channel, is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Atomic Layer Deposition ZnO:N Thin Film Transistor: The Effects of N Concentration on the Device Properties (2009)

The electrical properties of atomic layer deposition (ALD) nitrogen-doped ZnO (ZnO:N) thin films were investigated as a function of incorporated nitrogen concentration. The nitrogen concentrations in the films were controlled by using different concentrations of NH4OH solution, which was used as a single source for the reactant and nitrogen doping for ALD ZnO:N. The carrier concentrations in ALD ZnO:N decreased down to 6.13x10(13)/cm(3) using 29% NH4OH solution. Thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using ALD ZnO:N thin films with different N contents as active channel layers. The device properties were significantly changed by the amount of nitrogen incorporation due to the change in the electrical properties of ZnO:N films. Especially, threshold voltages were changed from 20.0 to 3.1 V by adjusting nitrogen doping. Additionally, dc bias stability was enhanced by the increment in nitrogen concentration, producing a robust TFT at high nitrogen incorporation. Finally, a high performance flexible TFT was fabricated using ALD ZnO:N as an active layer on poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrate.
Effects of methylcyclodextrin on lysosomes (2001)

The cholesterol complexing agent methyl-cyclodextrin (MCD) provides an efficient mean for the removal of cholesterol from biological membranes. In order to study the effects of this agent on the lysosomal membrane in situ, we treated HepG2 cells with MCD and studied the effects of this treatment on lysosomes in isolated fractions. We found that lysosomes prepared from treated cells are more sensitive to various membrane perturbing treatments such as: incubation of lysosomes in isotonic glucose, in hypotonic sucrose or in the presence of the lytic agent glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide. The lysosomal membrane is also less resistant to increased hydrostatic pressure. Centrifugation methods were used to analyse the effect of MCD on lysosomes. Isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose density gradients demonstrates that the drug induces a reversible density increase of the lysosomes. Our study indicates that extracellularly added MCD can modify the properties of the lysosomal membrane in living cells. It suggests that MCD could be an effective tool to modulate the physical properties of lysosomes within intact cells and to monitor the cellular responses to such modifications.
Food Habits of the Spottail Shiner in Indiana Waters of Lake Michigan in 1973 (1976)

Food habits were examined for the spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius, in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan from June to October, 1973. Insects were the primary volumetric component of the diet. Chironomus spp. larvae and chironomidae pupae were the most important insect food items consumed. The most important zooplankton organism consumed was the benthic cladoceran Eurycercus lamellatus. Alewife, Alosa pseudoharenqus, eggs were the only other significant food consumed.A monthly comparison of food items taken by spottails showed that Chironomus spp. larvae was an important food item in all months and the primary item in September and October. Chironomidae pupae were important from June through September with greatest percent volume consumed in July, The cladoceran, Eurycercus lamellatus was an important food from July through September, reaching its highest percent volume of the diet in August. Alewife eggs were the major food of spottails in June but were also important in July.Young-of-the-year spottails fed primarily on zooplankton for the first month of their existence, but their diet changed in succeeding months and was similar to that of the adults.Analysis of competition between spottail shiners, yellow perch and alewives revealed important overlap in food items in June, August, September and October. Competition in June was between spottail shiners and yellow perch (100-250 mm) for alewife eggs. In August, the spottail shiner and alewife (140-220 mm) competed for chironomids and the spottail shiner and yellow perch competed for Eurycercus lamellatus. September competition was between spottail shiner and yellow perch (26-100 mm) for chironomids and between yellow perch (26-100 mm) and alewives (140-220 mm) for alewife larvae. Finally, in October, major competition was between yellow perch (100-250 mm) and alewives (140- 220 mm) for alewife larvae.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
Interaction on the edge (2014)

The touch screen interaction paradigm, currently dominant in mobile devices, begins to fail when very small systems are considered. Specifically, "fat fingers", a term referring to the fact that users' extremities physically obstruct their view of screen content and feedback, become particularly problematic. This paper presents a novel solution for this issue based on sensing touches to the perpendicular edges of a device featuring a front-mounted screen. The use of such offset contact points ensures that both a user's fingers and the device screen remain clearly in view throughout a targeting operation. The configuration also supports a range of novel interaction scenarios based on the touch, grip and grasp patterns it affords. To explore the viability of this concept, this paper describes EdgeTouch, a small (6 cm) hardware prototype instantiating this multi-touch functionality. User studies characterizing targeting performance, typical user grasps and exploring input affordances are presented. The results show that targets of 7.5-22.5 degrees in angular size are acquired in 1.25-1.75 seconds and with accuracy rates of 3%-18%, promising results considering the small form factor of the device. Furthermore, grasps made with between two and five fingers are robustly identifiable. Finally, we characterize the types of input users envisage performing with EdgeTouch, and report occurrence rates for key interactions such as taps, holds, strokes and multi-touch and compound input. The paper concludes with a discussion of the interaction scenarios enabled by offset sensing.
2005년 미 행정부의 대 북한 레토릭 - 북한과 김정일 호칭을 중심으로 (2005)

On May 31，2005 during a White House press conference, George W. Bush called the north Korean leader as `Mr. Kim Jeong-il, when he reiterated his intention to resolve the North`s nuclear development plan through the 6-party talks and conveyed the message that the North would be respected by the world community if it would give up the plan. His first-ever honorific for Kim was noted by north Korea and the rest of the world, because the American officials used to call him by his name only without any honorific, insinuating that he was actually a tyrant who starved his people. On June 17, Kim proposed to call Bush with the honorific, `His Excellency1, to a visiting south Korean minister and expressed his favorable feeling about the American leader. On June 28，the whole north Korean spectators stood up to the American national anthem in a Pyonyang gymnasium before an international women`s boxing match and on July 26, the long-delayed 6-party talks was resumed in Beijing during which the American chief delegate called the north`s leader `Chairman Kim, as he was called in his own country. 
On September 19, during the second round of the 6th talks, a joint communique was issued, with the north`s commitment to abandoning all its nuclear arms and existing nuclear development plan. It was about 110 days after Bush uttered `Mr. Kim Jeong-il`. Could we say that the small honorific help produce the dramatic turn-about of the difficult negotiations?
This paper introduces the implication of `name-calling` in the communication studies, the history of name-calling of the modem American administrations vis a vis north Korea and its leaders, and then the effects of changed name-calling of the U.S. on the bilateral relations and on the situation around the Korean peninsula in 2005.
All-female broods in the butterfly <i>Hypolimnas bolina</i> (L.) (1975)

Abstract It has been known since 1924 that a proportion of females in the butterfly H. bolina produce only daughters, whereas others produce a 1:1 sex ratio. The present results confirm this, and show also that occasionally a few males are produced. The production of broods with a disturbed sex ratio is inherited entirely through the female line. By sexing the embryos and larvae cytologically and observing mortality in the embryos and late pupal stage we have obtained evidence that the deficiency of males is due to their very high mortality in the pre-adult stage. It is suggested that the abnormal sex ratio is due to an infective cytoplasmic factor (the presence of spirochaetes, as in Drosophila, having been ruled out), in contrast to Acraea encedon where meiotic drive of the Y chromosome has been postulated. The view is put forward that the polymorphism in H. bolina is maintained by the ‘infected’ females being at a slight disadvantage and that their numbers are maintained by contagion from an unidentified reservoir species.
<i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>— Reemergence of a Forgotten Pathogen (1986)

The genus chlamydia consists of two species, psittaci and trachomatis. C. psittaci attracted attention during a pandemic in 1929–1930, when it was shown to cause psittacosis ("parrot fever," from the Greek word psittakos, "parrot").1 Exotic birds are not the only source of human infections, however. C. psittaci has been recovered from more than 130 avian species and is also an important pathogen among domestic mammals. Psittacosis is an occupational hazard to workers in the poultry industry.Psittacosis is considered to be exclusively a zoonosis; person-to-person transmission can occur but is rare. Some cases of psittacosis involve no known avian . . .
Research in Free-Space Interconnects Using Micro-Cavity Lasers (2000)

Abstract : The development of vertical cavity lasers (VCL) for the application to free-space interconnects has been proposed. The need for such free-space interconnects arises from the demand for high-speed data transmission between parallel signal planes. Conventional methods for accomplishing high-speed data transmission suffers from the high power required to drive the transmitter laser array, and the lack of a 2-dimensional geometry leads to scalability problems for an in-plane laser array. In order to keep the laser power consumption low the threshold current of the lasers should be less than 100 microampere. Furthermore, the density of transmission elements must be increased in order to increase the transmission bandwidth. In order to reduce the power requirement of the lasers, the size of the laser must be reduced. Unfortunately, several problems arise which prohibit the ideal scaling of the VCL size to small dimensions, these being, optical scattering loss and carrier diffusion loss. The optical and carrier based loss mechanisms can be addressed and the ideal VCL scaling can be approached. Through novel VCL design and processing, loss mechanisms can be reduced and the efficiency of the of the device can be greatly increased. This is essential for the application to VCL based interconnects. The VCL is ideal for the application to free-space interconnects due to the natural 2-dimensional array formation. Furthermore, the VCL emission wavelength can be tailored to allow for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) type transmission which will greatly increase the transmission bandwidth.
Novel anti-inflammatory mechanisms of<i>N</i>-Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in hypertension-induced target organ damage (2008)

High blood pressure (HBP) is an important risk factor for cardiac, renal, and vascular dysfunction. Excess inflammation is the major pathogenic mechanism for HBP-induced target organ damage (TOD). N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (Ac-SDKP), a tetrapeptide specifically degraded by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), reduces inflammation, fibrosis, and TOD induced by HBP. Our hypothesis is that Ac-SDKP exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting: 1) differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) to macrophages, 2) activation and migration of macrophages, and 3) release of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α by activated macrophages. BMSC were freshly isolated and cultured in macrophage growth medium. Differentiation of murine BMSC to macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry using F4/80 as a marker of macrophage maturation. Macrophage migration was measured in a modified Boyden chamber. TNF-α release by activated macrophages in culture was measured by ELISA. Myocardial macrophage activation in mice with ANG II-induced hypertension was studied by Western blotting of Mac-2 (galectin-3) protein. Interstitial collagen deposition was measured by picrosirius red staining. We found that Ac-SDKP (10 nM) reduced differentiation of cultured BMSC to mature macrophages by 24.5% [F4/80 positivity: 14.09 ± 1.06 mean fluorescent intensity for vehicle and 10.63 ± 0.35 for Ac-SDKP; P < 0.05]. Ac-SDKP also decreased galectin-3 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent macrophage migration. In addition, Ac-SDKP decreased secretion of TNF-α by macrophages stimulated with bacterial LPS. In mice with ANG II-induced hypertension, Ac-SDKP reduced expression of galectin-3, a protein produced by infiltrating macrophages in the myocardium, and interstitial collagen deposition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that part of the anti-inflammatory effect of Ac-SDKP is due to its direct effect on BMSC and macrophage, inhibiting their differentiation, activation, and cytokine release. These effects explain some of the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties of Ac-SDKP in hypertension.
A STUDY OF THE SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF BENZO[<i>b</i>]THIOPHENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES (1966)

The nitration, halogenation, and animation reactions of benzo[b]thiophene and some of its derivatives are reported. Several new benzo[b]thiophenes have been prepared and directional influences of groups in the thiophene portion of the nucleus confirmed.
Characterization of Tissue-Engineered Posterior Corneas Using Second- and Third-Harmonic Generation Microscopy (2015)

Three-dimensional tissues, such as the cornea, are now being engineered as substitutes for the rehabilitation of vision in patients with blinding corneal diseases. Engineering of tissues for translational purposes requires a non-invasive monitoring to control the quality of the resulting biomaterial. Unfortunately, most current methods still imply invasive steps, such as fixation and staining, to clearly observe the tissue-engineered cornea, a transparent tissue with weak natural contrast. Second- and third-harmonic generation imaging are well known to provide high-contrast, high spatial resolution images of such tissues, by taking advantage of the endogenous contrast agents of the tissue itself. In this article, we imaged tissue-engineered corneal substitutes using both harmonic microscopy and classic histopathology techniques. We demonstrate that second- and third-harmonic imaging can non-invasively provide important information regarding the quality and the integrity of these partial-thickness posterior corneal substitutes (observation of collagen network, fibroblasts and endothelial cells). These two nonlinear imaging modalities offer the new opportunity of monitoring the engineered corneas during the entire process of production.
The Central Polybasic Region of the Soluble SNARE (Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor) Vam7 Affects Binding to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate by the PX (Phox Homology) Domain (2016)

The yeast vacuole requires four SNAREs to trigger membrane fusion including the soluble Qc-SNARE Vam7. The N-terminal PX domain of Vam7 binds to the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and the tethering complex HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex), whereas the C-terminal SNARE motif forms SNARE complexes. Vam7 also contains an uncharacterized middle domain that is predicted to be a coiled-coil domain with multiple helices. One helix contains a polybasic region (PBR) composed of Arg-164, Arg-168, Lys-172, Lys-175, Arg-179, and Lys-186. Polybasic regions are often associated with nonspecific binding to acidic phospholipids including phosphoinositides. Although the PX (phox homology) domain alone binds PI3P, we theorized that the Vam7 PBR could bind to additional acidic phospholipids enriched at fusion sites. Mutating each of the basic residues in the PBR to an alanine (Vam7-6A) led to attenuated vacuole fusion. The defective fusion of Vam7-6A was due in part to inefficient association with its cognate SNAREs and HOPS, yet the overall vacuole association of Vam7-6A was similar to wild type. Experiments testing the binding of Vam7 to specific signaling lipids showed that mutating the PBR to alanines augmented binding to PI3P. The increased binding to PI3P by Vam7-6A likely contributed to the observed wild type levels of vacuole association, whereas protein-protein interactions were diminished. PI3P binding was inhibited when the PX domain mutant Y42A was introduced into Vam7-6A to make Vam7-7A. Thus the Vam7 PBR affects PI3P binding by the PX domain and in turn affects binding to SNAREs and HOPS to support efficient fusion.