gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of odor coding in the malaria vector mosquito <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (2010)

A systematic functional analysis across much of the conventional Anopheles gambiae odorant receptor (AgOR) repertoire was carried out in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode, voltage-clamp electrophysiology. The resulting data indicate that each AgOR manifests a distinct odor-response profile and tuning breadth. The large diversity of tuning responses ranges from AgORs that are responsive to a single or small number of odorants (specialists) to more broadly tuned receptors (generalists). Several AgORs were identified that respond robustly to a range of human volatiles that may play a critical role in anopheline host selection. AgOR responses were analyzed further by constructing a multidimensional odor space representing the relationships between odorants and AgOR responses. Within this space, the distance between odorants is related to both chemical class and concentration and may correlate with olfactory discrimination. This study provides a comprehensive overview of olfactory coding mechanisms of An. gambiae that ultimately may aid in fostering the design and development of olfactory-based strategies for reducing the transmission of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases.
Spherulite boundary strengthening concept for toughening polypropylene (1998)

During spherulitic crystallization of polymers, there is a tendency for low molecular weight and other less crystallizable entities to be rejected from the body of the spherulites. This rejection process causes a segregation of these species to those areas where spherulites impinge. As a result of this segregation, lamellar and spherulite boundaries have a tendency to become weak, often resulting in premature mechanical failure. The objective of this work, anthropomorphically speaking, is to develop a melt miscible blend system in which a propylene copolymer “fools” a polypropylene homopolymer into rejecting the copolymer to the spherulite boundaries as an impurity. However, once the copolymer arrives at these boundaries, the copolymer subsequently connects adjacent spherulites through cocrystallization of the propylene copolymer segments. It was found that addition of either a random ethylene–propylene copolymer or an isotactic–atactic block copolymer was able to yield the desired effect. Cocrystallization was confirmed by calorimetry, and segregation of copolymer and subsequent reinforcement at the spherulite boundaries was directly observed microscopically. Using this approach, toughness was increased with little loss in stiffness. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2047–2056, 1998
Evaluation of implant losses and skin reactions around extraoral bone‐anchored implants: A 0‐ to 8‐year follow‐up (2000)

This is an 8-year follow-up of a group of 214 patients who underwent surgical insertion of titanium implants in the mastoid process for the retention of bone-anchored hearing aids and auricular prostheses. The skin reactions around the implants and the various factors dealing with implant loss were evaluated. The number of patients who never had any episode of adverse skin reactions during the 8-year period is 70% and is about the same as previously reported. The frequency and degree of adverse skin reactions were noted to be decreasing with time. The young age group had the highest incidence of adverse skin reactions, and this high frequency is consistent with results of earlier reports. None of the remaining group of patients (30%) who had 1 or more episodes of adverse skin reactions lost their implants because of this problem; most implant losses were primarily the result of loss of integration. The probability of losing an implant because of adverse skin reactions is quite low; however, these skin reactions, if left untreated, may eventually lead to implant loss or withdrawal.
Calibration in High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography of Linear Polyethylenes (1982)

Abstract The mathematical relationship between the gel permeation chromatography calibration curves of polystyrene and linear polyethylene has been determined in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 130, 135 and 140°C. The experimentally determined relationship is in good agreement with that predicted from application of the principles of the universal calibration technique and published Mark-Houwink coefficients. Definition of this relationship enables the use of polystyrene as a secondary standard for gel permeation chromatographic determination of linear polyethylene molecular weight determinations.
HER-2 as a Target for Breast Cancer Therapy (2009)

Journal Article
Reduction of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in early infancy after immunization with tetravalent pneumococcal vaccines conjugated to either tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxoid (1997)

A significant reduction in the carriage of vaccine-related strains after administration of conjugate vaccines was observed. These preliminary results suggest that transmission of specific pneumococcal serotypes most often associated with disease and antibiotic resistance may at least partially be controlled by immunization.
Electrical Conductance of Conjugated Oligomers at the Single Molecule Level (2007)

We determine and compare, at the single molecule level and under identical environmental conditions, the electrical conductance of four conjugated phenylene oligomers comprising terminal sulfur anchor groups with simple structural and conjugation variations. The comparison shows that the conductance of oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) is slightly higher than that of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE). We find that solubilizing side groups do neither prevent the molecules from being anchored within a break junction nor noticeably influence the conductance value.
Experimental evaluation of Bocopa monniera on rat gastric ulceration and secretion. (2000)

The anti-ulcerogenic effect of fresh juice from the whole plant of Bocapa monniera Wettst. (BMJ) commonly known as Brahmi in Hindi was examined using gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, aspirin, 2 h cold restraint stress and 4 h pylorus ligation. Bocapa monniera juice (BMJ) at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg and sucralfate at a dose of 250 mg/kg were given orally, twice daily for 5 days. BMJ 100-300 mg/kg produced significant antiulcer activity in all the experimental gastric ulcer models except in case of ethanol-induced ulcers where 100 mg/kg was not found to decrease it significantly. BMJ (100-300 mg/kg) was found to have little or no effect on the offensive acid-pepsin secretion, while cell shedding (microgram DNA/mg of protein) and mucin secretion in terms of total carbohydrates:protein ration (TC:P), the two important parameters of defensive factors were significantly decreased and increased respectively indicating enhancement of protective mucosal factors. Both BMJ (300 mg/kg) and SF showed tendency to increase the mucosal glycoproteins in terms of TC:P, though individual carbohydrates and total carbohydrates were either increased or showed a tendency to increase. Thus, ulcer protective effect of BMJ may be due to its effect on mucosal defensive factors like enhanced mucin secretion, mucosal glycoprotein and decreased cell shedding rather than on offensive factors such as acid and pepsin.
Dithieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>:2′,3′‐<i>d</i>]pyrrol Fused Nonfullerene Acceptors Enabling Over 13% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells (2018)

A new electron-rich central building block, 5,5,12,12-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indacenobis-(dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrol) (INP), and two derivative nonfullerene acceptors (INPIC and INPIC-4F) are designed and synthesized. The two molecules reveal broad (600-900 nm) and strong absorption due to the satisfactory electron-donating ability of INP. Compared with its counterpart INPIC, fluorinated nonfullerene acceptor INPIC-4F exhibits a stronger near-infrared absorption with a narrower optical bandgap of 1.39 eV, an improved crystallinity with higher electron mobility, and down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on INPIC-4F exhibit a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.13% and a relatively low energy loss of 0.54 eV, which is among the highest efficiencies reported for binary OSCs in the literature. The results demonstrate the great potential of the new INP as an electron-donating building block for constructing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors for OSCs.
Cloning and sequencing of a new gro transcript from activated human monocytes: expression in leukocytes and wound tissue. (1990)

Using cDNA cloning, we have identified a new member of the gro/KC inflammatory protein superfamily (gro-beta) produced by activated human monocytes and neutrophils and expressed at sites of inflammation in vivo. The open reading frame encodes a protein with 91% sequence homology to the human gro protein. Interestingly, some of the amino acid substitutions are located at regions where proteolytic cleavage occurs in the gro protein generating biologically active peptides (neutrophil activating peptide III). These changes would likely alter the processing of the gro-beta peptide and suggest that peptides with biological activities different from those produced by gro-alpha are encoded by this transcript.
Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Amides and Azoles Using Phosphine-Free Hydrazone Ligands (2008)

Phosphine-free hydrazone such as 1c was found to be an efficient ligand for the copper-catalyzed Goldberg-type N-arylation of amides and Ullmann-type N-arylation of azoles with aryl halides under mild conditions. A variety of N-arylamides and N-arylazoles were synthesized in good to high yields.
Comparison of topical clindamycin phosphate, benzoyl peroxide, and a combination of the two for the treatment of acne vulgaris (1984)

Patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated for 10 weeks with either topical clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) twice daily, benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) twice daily, or benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) in the morning and clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) in the evening. The effects of each regimen appeared to vary in decreasing specific types of acne lesions, with the combination therapy showing the greatest decrease when all types of lesions were considered. Cutaneous side-effects were greatest with benzoyl peroxide alone during the early weeks of treatment, while the combination therapy displayed no greater incidence of redness, scaling, or itching than clindamycin phosphate alone. All three regimens produced clinical improvements which did not differ significantly from each other.
Extraction of Implicit Information in Biosignals (1997)

The first part of this paper explains the meaning of implicit information in biosignals. Image reconstruction from projections and ECG inverse problem are two typical examples. In the second part the limitation of conventional ECG inverse problem study is discussed, that is, the excitation propagation process that was not included in inverse study. In the third part a new approach to ECG inverse problem studies is introduced. To verify the new method, we used this method to localize the ventricular preexcitation site with simulated body surface potentials of WPW syndrome. The experimental results show that the inversely recovered preexcitation sites are in close agreement with the true preexcitation site.
Dopant Effects in Polyaniline Inhibition of Corrosion-Driven Organic Coating Cathodic Delamination on Iron (2006)

Coatings comprising various volume fractions of particulate polyaniline dispersed in a polyvinylbutyral binder are applied to iron substrates. A scanning Kelvin probe is used to measure substrate potentials in humid air and follow corrosion-driven coating delamination (cathodic disbondment) when aqueous NaCl contacts a coating defect. Emeraldine base has no effect on substrate potential or delamination kinetics. Emeraldine salts (ES) doped using p-toluenesulfonic (HpTS), camphorsulfonic (HCS), phosphoric , and phenylphosphonic acids increase substrate potentials by up to and inhibit delamination with efficiency order of . Dopant salts added to the corrosive electrolyte do not inhibit delamination. It is proposed that inhibition arises primarily from cathodic reduction becoming relocated from the ennobled substrate onto the ES coating. However, and FePP salt films formed at the ES–substrate interface also contribute by hindering interfacial electron transfer.
Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs (2020)

Abstract COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease and was recently declared as a pandemic by WHO. Currently, there is no vaccine or therapeutic available for this disease. Drug repositioning represents the only feasible option to address this global challenge and a panel of 48 FDA-approved drugs that have been pre-selected by an assay of SARS-CoV was screened to identify potential antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found a total of 24 drugs which exhibited antiviral efficacy (0.1 μM < IC 50 < 10 μM) against SARS-CoV-2. In particular, two FDA-approved drugs - niclosamide and ciclesonide – were notable in some respects. These drugs will be tested in an appropriate animal model for their antiviral activities. In near future, these already FDA-approved drugs could be further developed following clinical trials in order to provide additional therapeutic options for patients with COVID-19.
An Architecture for Extending the IEEE Standard 1149.1 Test Access Port to System Backplanes (2005)

Tbts paper presents an arclcecrute for niakms the EEE Standard 1139.1 lest acces port did dl it? major provisions available on a system b~ckplaae It proposes a powerful. low-cost alternabve for system-wide comnim~ication for test and mamtenance purposes. using one chip-to-system test access protocol The bus interconnectton method employed in the xchtecture inherently accommcdates enipty slots in arbitrary posinom in the system back-plane without Qsrupnng the test bus connecavity or the test conimumcatlons
Minimal Disease Activity and Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Psoriatic Arthritis (2014)

MDA is achieved in 64% of patients treated with TNFα blockers in a clinical setting. Male sex and normal ESR are predictors for MDA. On withdrawal or reduction in treatment, 11.6% of patients maintained MDA state.
Image processing system for PC through the enhanced parallel port (2003)

In this paper, the authors present a video processing circuit for a 3D machine vision system designed with an FPGA that processes images in real time and provides them through the EPP (enhanced parallel port) to a computer. The system is useful in 3D vision applications so different as robot guidance in MIG and laser soldering or control of treated woods. The connection of the processing system to a PC through the EPP achieves an easy installation for industrial applications. The implementation of processing in programmable device (SRAM-cells based on an FPGA), allow easy modification of the design in order to adapt it rapidly to new applications or to make different versions of the same system.
<i>Exo</i>‐<i>Dig</i> Radical Cascades of Skipped Enediynes: Building a Naphthalene Moiety within a Polycyclic Framework (2013)

Cascade radical transformations of acyclic precursors open efficient, convenient and atom-economical access to functionalized compounds of increased structural complexity. This report describes a selective sequence of 5-exo-dig and 6-exo-dig cyclizations followed by attack at a pendant aromatic moiety and rearomatization.
Integration: a case study (2013)

Crossrail is a new £16bn railway being built in London. It runs from Maidenhead and Heathrow in the west to Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the east. There will be eight new underground stations all of which interface to a greater or lesser extent with pre-existing stations. The paper describes the unique challenges and issues involved with integrating Crossrail earthing, and other electrical systems, with existing railway infrastructures, notably Network Rail (Thameslink & SE Region) and London Underground, and the approaches taken to ensure safe and reliable railways are handed over after Crossrail is commissioned.
Molecular Structure and Mesomorphic Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. II. Terminal Substituents (1983)

Abstract The effect of terminal polar and nonpolar substituents on the thermodynamic stability of the mesophase is discussed. Mesomeric as well as steric effects influence the packing of the molecules and consequently the clearing point. It is necessary to consider the effect of substituents in connection with the nature of the rigid core. The influence of molecular association and conformational equilibria on the stability of the mesophase is described. Isolated electron densities lead to repulsions between neighbouring molecules, thus destabilizing the mesophase and the layered structure if present.
Registration and Immobilization in Robot-Assisted Surgery (1995)

Robotic systems for computer-assisted surgery involve both tools and techniques that are new to the surgical arena. Registration and immobilization in particular are key problems. Registration is the spatial alignment of the coordinate frames of the robot, an anatomic object (e.g., a bone), and the preoperative plan (a computer model). Immobilization is necessary to maintain that alignment. We discuss various approaches to registration and immobilization and solutions appropriate for an orthopedic surgical system.
A shape-adaptive partitioning method for MPEG-4 video encoding (2002)

MPEG-4 is a new standard for multimedia applications. Due to the flexible and extensible features of MPEG-4, the software-based implementation seems to be a natural and viable option. While such approaches usually require huge computing power, we can overcome such problem by using parallel and distributed processing. Because the behaviour of MPEG-4 objects may vary with time and such variation cannot be predicted in advance, the issues of data partition and load balancing of the multiprocessor systems need to be addressed carefully in order to achieve real-time operation performance. In this paper, we propose a shape-adaptive data partitioning method to guarantee the load balancing among the multiprocessor systems. The effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated by the experimental results.
Isoflurane Protects against Myocardial Infarction during Early Reperfusion by Activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Signal Transduction: Evidence for Anesthetic-induced Postconditioning in Rabbits (2004)

Isoflurane acts during early reperfusion after prolonged ischemia to salvage myocardium from infarction and reduces the threshold of ischemic postconditioning by activating PI3K.
The TOR pathway interacts with the insulin signaling pathway to regulate <i>C. elegans</i> larval development, metabolism and life span (2004)

The highly conserved target-of-rapamycin (TOR) protein kinases control cell growth in response to nutrients and growth factors. In mammals, TOR has been shown to interact with raptor to relay nutrient signals to downstream translation machinery. We report that in C. elegans, mutations in the genes encoding CeTOR and raptor result in dauer-like larval arrest, implying that CeTOR regulates dauer diapause. The daf-15 (raptor) and let-363 (CeTOR) mutants shift metabolism to accumulate fat, and raptor mutations extend adult life span. daf-15 transcription is regulated by DAF-16, a FOXO transcription factor that is in turn regulated by daf-2 insulin/IGF signaling. This is a new mechanism that regulates the TOR pathway. Thus, DAF-2 insulin/IGF signaling and nutrient signaling converge on DAF-15 (raptor) to regulate C. elegans larval development, metabolism and life span.
The Edman degradation of vancomycin: preparation of vancomycin hexapeptide (1987)

P. M. Booth, D. J. M. Stone and D. H. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1694 DOI: 10.1039/C39870001694
Using Extreme Value Theory for Vehicle Level Safety Validation and Implications for Autonomous Vehicles (2017)

Much effort is put right now into how to make autonomous vehicles as capable as possible in order to be able to replace humans as drivers. Less focus is put into how to ensure that this transition happens in a safe way that we can put trust in. The verification of the extreme dependability requirements connected to safety is expected to be one of the largest challenges to overcome in the commercialization of autonomous vehicles. Using traditional statistical methods to validate complete vehicle safety would require the vehicle to cover extreme distances to show that collisions occur rare enough. However, recent research has shown the possibility of using near-collisions in order to estimate the frequency of actual collisions using Extreme Value Theory. To use this method, there is a need for a measure related to the closeness of a collision. This paper shows that the choice of this threat measure has a significant impact on the inferences drawn from the data. With the right measure, this method can be used to validate the safety of a vehicle. This, while keeping the validity high and the data required lower than the state of the art statistical methods.
Measuring muscle movements for human interfaces using a flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor (2008)

This paper proposes a novel method to measure muscle movements for human interfaces. During muscle movements, cross-sectional muscle area changes, and this can be detected at the skin surface. In this study, a flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor is used to measure the morphological change of the skin surface. This sensor is made of oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film, and the total thickness is less than 40 mum. Since the AlN film sensor has good sensitivity, small strain of the skin surface can be measured. Furthermore, a motion classification method is developed to investigate the potential of the proposed sensor for its use in human interfaces. Response characteristics of the AlN sensor were tested with experiments using a cantilever beam. In addition, motion classification experiments were conducted with five subjects, including a patient with cervical spine injury. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.