gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxation methods for supervised image segmentation (1997)

We propose two methods for supervised image segmentation: supervised relaxation labelling and watershed-driven relaxation labelling. The methods are particularly well suited to problems in 3D medical image analysis, where the images are large, the regions are topologically complex, and the tolerance of errors is low. Each method uses predefined cues for supervision. The cues can be defined interactively or automatically, depending on the application. The cues provide statistical region information and region topological constraints. Supervised relaxation labeling exhibits strong noise resilience. Watershed-driven relaxation labeling combines the strengths of watershed analysis and supervised relaxation labeling to give a computationally efficient noise-resistant method. Extensive results for 2D and 3D images illustrate the effectiveness of the methods.
Study of the Chromonic Liquid-Crystalline Phases of Bis-(<i>N,N</i>-diethylaminoethyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Diimide Dihydrochloride by Polarized Optical Microscopy and <sup>2</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy (2003)

The chromonic liquid-crystalline properties of bis-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide dihydrochloride in an aqueous solution were investigated by polarized light microscopy and 2H NMR spectroscopy. Both techniques indicate a narrow I + N biphasic region and a broad N phase region at concentrations ranging from approximately 6.9 to approximately 30 wt % at room temperature. Optical microscopy indicates that a hexagonal M phase exists at higher concentrations. The variation of the I --> N + I and N + I --> N transition temperatures with concentration was studied by 2H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the effects of temperature and concentration on the order parameter of the N phase were investigated by 2H NMR using a tetra-deuterated derivative. A value of 0.97 was obtained for the N phase at its upper concentration limit.
Energy metabolism of Heliobacterium modesticaldum during phototrophic and chemotrophic growth (2010)

Collectively, this report represents the first comprehensive studies for energy metabolism in heliobacteria, which have the simplest known photosynthetic machinery among the entire photosynthetic organisms. Additionally, our studies provide new and essential insights, as well as broaden current knowledge, on the energy metabolism of the thermophilic phototrophic bacterium H. modesticaldum during phototrophic and chemotrophic growth.
The SVM-Minus Similarity Score for Video Face Recognition (2013)

Challenge, but also an opportunity to eliminate spurious similarities. Luckily, a major source of confusion in visual similarity of faces is the 3D head orientation, for which image analysis tools provide an accurate estimation. The method we propose belongs to a family of classifier-based similarity scores. We present an effective way to discount pose induced similarities within such a framework, which is based on a newly introduced classifier called SVM-minus. The presented method is shown to outperform existing techniques on the most challenging and realistic publicly available video face recognition benchmark, both by itself, and in concert with other methods.
Drug-eluting stents in patients on long-term oral anticoagulation therapy: a mission impossible? (2010)

It is estimated that 5% of patients undergoing coronary stenting are on long-term oral anticoagulation therapy. This patient group presents unique challenges in navigating the delicate balance of preventing ischemic events with dual antiplatelet treatment, while mitigating the risk of stroke and other embolic events with oral anticoagulation, without a resultant unacceptably high bleeding risk. Stent selection and concomitant antithrombotic strategies are the key considerations when finding the best balance between these opposite threats. Drug-eluting stents should be avoided or strictly limited to those situations where a significant net benefit is expected as compared with bare-metal stents. Triple therapy of oral anticoagulation plus aspirin and clopidogrel or dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended for the initial prevention of thrombotic complications, but its duration should be individualized according to the stent type and bleeding risk of the patient. These recommendations are based on limited ev...
Roles of oxygen radicals and elastase in citric acid‐induced airway constriction of guinea‐pigs (1999)

Antioxidants attenuate noncholinergic airway constriction. To further investigate the relationship between tachykinin-mediated airway constriction and oxygen radicals, we explored citric acid-induced bronchial constriction in 48 young Hartley strain guinea-pigs, divided into six groups: control; citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + citric acid; hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes + phosphoramidon + citric acid; dimethylthiourea (DMTU) + citric acid; and DMTU + phosphoramidon + citric acid. Hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes and DMTU are scavengers of oxygen radicals while phosphoramidon is an inhibitor of the major degradation enzyme for tachykinins. Animals were anaesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Each animal was given 50 breaths of 4 ml saline or citric acid aerosol. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 (FEV0.1), and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax30) to evaluate the degree of airway constriction. Citric acid, but not saline, aerosol inhalation caused marked decreases in Crs, FEV0.1 and Vmax30, indicating marked airway constriction. This constriction was significantly attenuated by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or by DMTU. In addition, phosphoramidon significantly reversed the attenuating action of hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes, but not that of DMTU. Citric acid aerosol inhalation caused increases in both lucigenin- and t-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence counts, indicating citric acid-induced increase in oxygen radicals and decrease in antioxidants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These alterations were significantly suppressed by either hexa(sulphobutyl)fullerenes or DMTU. An elastase inhibitor eglin-c also significantly attenuated citric acid-induced airway constriction, indicating the contributing role of elastase in this type of constriction. We conclude that both oxygen radicals and elastase play an important role in tachykinin-mediated, citric acid-induced airway constriction.
A case report of cutaneous larva migrans in Argentina (2011)

Cutaneous larva migrans(CLM) represents the most common tropically acquired dermatosis.CLM is caused by infection with hookworm larvae in tropical and sub-tropical areas,and people who have a history of foreign travel and of walking barefoot on sandy soil or beaches are at a high risk of getting infected with it.The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the typical appearance of the lesion,intense itching and history of foreign travel.CLM is a common parasitic skin disease that can be easily prevented by wearing ’protective’ footwear.A case of CLM is described in this article.
Enzymatic Synthesis of RNAs Capped with Nucleotide Analogues Reveals the Molecular Basis for Substrate Selectivity of RNA Capping Enzyme: Impacts on RNA Metabolism (2013)

RNA cap binding proteins have evolved to specifically bind to the N7-methyl guanosine cap structure found at the 5' ends of eukaryotic mRNAs. The specificity of RNA capping enzymes towards GTP for the synthesis of this structure is therefore crucial for mRNA metabolism. The fact that ribavirin triphosphate was described as a substrate of a viral RNA capping enzyme, raised the possibility that RNAs capped with nucleotide analogues could be generated in cellulo. Owing to the fact that this prospect potentially has wide pharmacological implications, we decided to investigate whether the active site of the model Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus-1 RNA capping enzyme was flexible enough to accommodate various purine analogues. Using this approach, we identified several key structural determinants at each step of the RNA capping reaction and generated RNAs harboring various different cap analogues. Moreover, we monitored the binding affinity of these novel capped RNAs to the eIF4E protein and evaluated their translational properties in cellulo. Overall, this study establishes a molecular rationale for the specific selection of GTP over other NTPs by RNA capping enzyme It also demonstrates that RNAs can be enzymatically capped with certain purine nucleotide analogs, and it also describes the impacts of modified RNA caps on specific steps involved in mRNA metabolism. For instance, our results indicate that the N7-methyl group of the classical N7-methyl guanosine cap is not always indispensable for binding to eIF4E and subsequently for translation when compensatory modifications are present on the capped residue. Overall, these findings have important implications for our understanding of the molecular determinants involved in both RNA capping and RNA metabolism.
PAX3-FOXO1 escapes miR-495 regulation during muscle differentiation (2018)

Pax3 plays an essential role in myogenesis. Previously, we found a tumor-signature chimeric fusion RNA, PAX3-FOXO1 also present during muscle differentiation, raising the possibility of its physiological role. Here we demonstrated that the fusion is needed transiently for muscle lineage commitment. Interestingly, the fusion ortholog was not found in seven mouse muscle differentiation/regeneration systems, nor in other stem cell differentiation systems of another three mammal species. We noticed that Pax3 is expressed at a much lower level in human stem cells, and during muscle differentiation than in other mammals. Given the fact that the fusion and the parental Pax3 share common downstream targets, we reasoned that forming the fusion may be a mechanism for human cells to escape certain microRNA regulation on Pax3. By sequence comparison, we identified 16 candidate microRNAs that may specifically target the human PAX3 3'UTR. We used a luciferase reporter assay, examined the microRNAs expression, and conducted mutagenesis on the reporters, as well as a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing on the endogenous allele. Finally, we identified miR-495 as a microRNA that specifically targets human PAX3. Examining several other fusion RNAs revealed that the human-specificity is not limited to PAX3-FOXO1. Based on these observations, we conclude that PAX3-FOXO1 fusion RNA is absent in mouse, or other mammals we tested, the fusion RNA is a mechanism to escape microRNA, miR-495 regulation in humans, and that it is not the only human-specific fusion RNA.
Bone Marrow Transplantation Demonstrates Medullar Origin of Cd34+ Fibrocytes and Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis in Abcb4 −/− Mice (2009)

The present study is the first to identify that both BM-derived fibrocytes and HSC are involved in biliary fibrogenesis in Abcb4(-/-) mice. Our data suggest that changes in immunity subsequent to BM-Tx may alter hepatic fibrosis.
New concepts in multidentate ligand chemistry: effects of multidentarity on catalytic and spectroscopic properties of ferrocenyl polyphosphines (2007)

This tutorial review devoted to ligand chemistry deals with the design and properties of ferrocenyl polyphosphines, an original class of multidentate ligands. The development of a varied library of ferrocenyl tetra-, tri- and diphosphine ligands is reviewed. The multidentate nature of these species has led to unique spectroscopic and catalytic properties, in which the spatial proximity of phosphorus atoms is crucial. Regarding their catalytic applications, the key issues of catalyst longevity and ultralow catalyst loadings are discussed. Another part is concerned with fundamental advances gained in physical chemistry for structure elucidation by the study of the intriguing "through-space" NMR spin-spin J couplings existing within several of these polyphosphines.
ZUMA: An Open FPGA Overlay Architecture (2012)

This paper presents the ZUMA open FPGA overlay architecture. It is an open-source, cross-compatible embedded FPGA architecture that is intended to overlay on top of an existing FPGA, in essence an ”FPGA-on-an-FPGA.” This approach has a number of benefits, including bitstream compatibility between different vendors and parts, compatibility with open FPGA tool Hows, and the ability to embed some programmable logic into systems on FPGAs without the need for releasing or recompiling the master netlist. These options can enhance design possibilities and improve designer productivity. Previous attempts to map an FPGA architecture into a commercial FPGA have had an area penalty of 100x at best [4]. Through careful architectural and implementation choices to exploit low-level elements of the host architecture, ZUMA reduces this penalty to as low as 40x. Using the VTR (VPR6) academic tool How, we have been able to compile the entire MCNC benchmark suite to ZUMA. We invite authors of other tool Hows to target ZUMA.
A 45nm High Performance Bulk Logic Platform Technology (CMOS6) using Ultra High NA(1.07) Immersion Lithography with Hybrid Dual-Damascene Structure and Porous Low-k BEOL (2006)

We present the state-of-the-art 45nm high performance bulk logic platform technology which utilizes, for the first time in the industry, ultra high NA (1.07) immersion lithography to realize highly down-scaled chip size. Fully renovated MOSFET integration scheme which features reversed extension and SD diffusion formation is established to meet Vt roll-off requirement with excellent transistor performance of Ion=1100muA/mum for nFET and Ion=700muA/mum for pFET at Ioff=100nA/mum. Also, we achieved excellent BEOL reliability and manufacturability by implementing hybrid dual-damascene (DD) structure with porous low-k film (keff=2.7)
Natural Mutagenesis Study of the Human Steroid 5.alpha.-Reductase 2 Isoenzyme (1994)

The enzyme steroid 5 alpha-reductase utilizes NADPH to reduce the double bonds of a variety of steroid substrates with generalized 3-oxo, delta 4,5 structures. One substrate for this membrane-bound enzyme is testosterone, whose reduction to dihydrotestosterone is required for the embryonic differentiation of the external male genitalia and prostate. There are two 5 alpha-reductase isozymes, designated types 1 and 2, which have different biochemical and pharmacological properties. Inherited deficiencies of 5 alpha-reductase type 2 result in a form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which the external genitalia fail to develop normally. Here, nine additional mutations in the 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene in subjects with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency are described. The biochemical consequences of these mutations, as well as 13 previously identified missense mutations, were characterized by recreating the mutations in an expressible cDNA and transfecting into mammalian cells. Twelve of the 22 mutations inactivated the enzyme. The remaining 10 mutations impaired enzyme function by affecting either substrate or cofactor binding. Almost all mutations decreased the half-life of the protein, and all but one of the impaired enzymes had an altered pH optimum. The mutations provide insight into functional domains in the protein as well as an unusual acidic pH optimum characteristic of the 5 alpha-reductase type 2 isozyme.
The Organizational, Professional and Social Condition Perceived by Novice Teachers (2019)

Part of the formation of teacher professional identity is caused by the organizational, professional and social condition perceived by novice teachers. An international collaboration project involving seven countries across African and Asian region was set up under the name of Group C African Asian Dialogue Project in order to survey professional identity among teachers in the respected countries. This article focused on the first dimension of the research collaboration endeavor which is to study the organizational, professional and social condition perceived by novice teachers in Bangladesh, Japan, Malaysia, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda and Vietnam. Novice teachers were chosen as the samples of the study as they are in the crucial position in coping with the transition from being considered as preservice teachers to in-service teachers. The challenges arise when they have to accommodate with what they have learnt in the classroom at the university with the challenges and the realities in the school setting to rationalize the significance of professional identities among the novice teachers. The findings of this study are reported based on the percentage response distribution of each items asked in the questionnaire. The results showed that there are some uniformity and variability on how novice teachers perceive their organizational, professional and social condition in the context of their professional identity.
Facing the challenge (1994)

Nursing unions are preparing to argue their case for an 8.34 per cent pay rise in oral evidence to the Review Body this month. This week we profile Maggie Dunn, who will be leading the Staff Side negotiating team
Are Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood Mainly B Lymphocytes? (1975)

In 10 blood samples from mothers who were studied after the delivery of a male infant and who had Y-body-containing cells in their circulations (mean value, 0.06%) the proportions of surface-Ig- and Y-body-positive lymphocytes were determined after passage through nylon wool. In each case one part of the sample was treated with pronase before the nylon wool incubation and the other was not. Passage through nylon wool of maternal lymphocytes not treated with pronase resulted in a drastic decrease of fetal cells, since only 1 Y-body-containing cell was found in 1 of the 10 maternal blood samples studied, as compared with 28 Y bodies in the 10 samples not passed through nylon wool. In lymphocytes pretreated with pronase, 7 fetal cells were recovered after passage through nylon wool, although only in 5 of the 10 samples. Thus most fetal cells in maternal blood adhere to nylon wool, as do B lymphocytes, but this adherence is to some extent affected by pronase incubation.
Murine CD14 gene expression in vivo: extramyeloid synthesis and regulation by lipopolysaccharide. (1995)

A murine model system was used to study the distribution and regulation of CD14 gene expression in vivo. Western blot analysis failed to detect CD14 in plasma from untreated CB6 (BALB/c x C57Bl6) mice, but showed markedly increased levels of CD14 in plasma from mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Plasma levels of CD14 increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, reaching a maximum between 8 and 16 h. Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from mouse tissues revealed low, but significant, levels of CD14 mRNA in many tissues of untreated animals with the highest levels in uterus, adipose tissue, and lung. After intraperitoneal injection of LPS, induction of CD14 gene expression was detected in all organs examined with the extent of induction varying between organs. Induction of CD14 mRNA was both time and dose dependent. Maximum induction in the heart and lung was observed 2-4 h after injection of LPS, while liver and kidney showed maximal induction between 8 and 16 h. In situ hybridization showed that CD14 mRNA was expressed in myeloid cells in many tissues, and that expression in these cells was upregulated by LPS. Unexpectedly, CD14 mRNA was also detected in other cells within tissues, including epithelial cells, and expression in these cell types also was upregulated by LPS. Immunochemical analysis revealed that CD14 antigen colocalized to the cytoplasm of cells expressing CD14 mRNA. These studies demonstrate that CD14 gene expression is not restricted to myeloid cells, and that the level of expression of CD14 is influenced by exposure to LPS.
Declarative Ajax and client side evaluation of workflows using iTasks (2008)

Workflow systems coordinate tasks of humans and computers. The iTask system is a recently developed toolkit with which workflows can be defined declaratively on a very high level of abstraction. It offers functionality which cannot be found in commercial workflow systems: workflows are constructed dynamically depending on the outcome of earlier work, workflows are strongly typed, and they can be of higher order. From the specification, a web-based multi-user workflow system is generated. Up until now we could only generate thin clients. All information produced by a worker triggers a round trip to the server. For real world workflows this is unsatisfactory. Modern Ajax web technology to update part of a web page is required, as well as the ability to execute tasks on clients. The architecture of any system that supports such features is complex: it manages distributed computing on clients and server which generally involves the collaboration of applications written in different programming languages. The contribution of this paper is that we integrate partial updates of web pages and client side task evaluation within the iTask system, while retaining its approach of a single language and declarative nature. The workflow designer uses light-weight annotations to control the run-time behavior of work. The iTask implementation takes care of all the hard work under the hood. Arbitrary tasks (functional programs) can be evaluated at web clients. When such a task cannot be evaluated on the client for some reason, the system switches to server side evaluation. All communication and synchronization issues are handled by the extended iTask system
A Model for Description and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Textures (1989)

Existing texture models either describe textures as a non-hierarchical surface property (by means of Markov chains, time series and other stochastic methods) or distinguish only between micro and macro textures. Besides this, textures are used in general only for mapping colour-information (usually derived from digitized photographs) on the object surface or for varying the normal vector of a given surface (bumps mapping). In addition, the different models are strongly combined with special generation algorithms and the produced textures are exclusively raster images. As a consequence, the above models are not able to describe more than a few types of textures. In this paper a definition of the term texture is first presented and a hierarchical texture model in accordance with the above definition is then proposed. We provide complete textures, consisting of several slices, to be mapped on geometrical objects. Each slice represents an optical surface property. These properties are. approximated by the different parameters of an illumination model. The slices themselves are hierarchical compositions of several levels. Each "intermediate texture" is derived by operations (transformations and combinations) performed on the textures of the next lower level. A texture is not limited in space and is described by means of a complete texture function which affects all texture slices. Such functions can be either usual algebraical functions, or they can determine the placement of elements on the texture plane.
Acute reactions to intravascular contrast media: types, risk factors, recognition, and specific treatment. (1991)

Acute, potentially life-threatening systemic reactions to contrast media are less frequent with lower osmolality, nonionic contrast agents, but they are not totally eliminated. Severe reactions remain a reality in all radiology departments. Typical reactions to contrast media include nausea and/or vomiting, scattered to extensive urticaria, bronchospastic reaction, hypotension (isolated) with compensating tachycardia, anaphylactoid reaction, vagal reaction, cardiovascular collapse, convulsion, and seizure. For each type of reaction, rapid recognition and initiation of specific corrective therapy enhance response and minimize side effects of drugs. Specific drugs for treating each reaction type are reviewed, including recommended dose, contraindications, and alternative choices. An approach to the high-risk patient and prevention of acute systemic reactions is discussed and pretreatment protocols are outlined.