gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis (1992)

Pharmacologically increasing gastric pH increases the risk for developing pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients. The pneumonia occurs earlier than in untreated control patients.
Alterations of nutritional status.Impact of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (1979)

The nutritional status of a cancer patient may be affected by the tumor, the chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy directed against the tumor, and by complications associated with that therapy. Chemotherapy-radiotherapy is not confined exclusively to malignant cell populations; thus, normal tissues may also be affected by the therapy and may contribute to specific nutritional problems. Impaired nutrition due to anorexia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be dependent upon the specific chemotherapeutic agent, dose, or schedule utilized. Similar side effects from radiation therapy depend upon the dose, fractionation, and volume irradiated. When combined modality treatment is given the nutritional consequences may be magnified. Prospective, randomized clinical trials are underway to investigate the efficacy of nutritional support during chemotherapy-radiotherapy on tolerance to treatment, complications from treatment, and response rates to treatment. Preliminary results demonstrate that the administration of total parenteral nutrition is successful in maintaining weight during radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but that weight loss occurs after discontinuation of nutritional support. Thus, long-term evaluation is mandatory to learn the impact of nutritional support on survival, disease-free survival, and complication rates, as well as on the possible prevention of morbidity associated with aggressive chemotherapy-radiation therapy.
Drug Metabolism by Leukocytes and Its Role in Drug-Induced Lupus and Other Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions (1990)

This review presents a unifying hypothesis that provides a connection between several types of hypersensitivity reactions associated with several types of drugs and explains some of the therapeutic effects (antiinflammatory activity and antithyroid effects) of these same drugs. This hypothesis centers on the oxidation of these drugs to chemically reactive metabolites by peroxidases. The drugs of interest have functional groups that are easily oxidized. The major peroxidase involved in this hypothesis is MPO because of its critical location in leukocytes which play a key role in the function of the immune system. However, thyroid peroxidase can probably also oxidize many of the same drugs to reactive metabolites, and this may be responsible for the thyroid autoimmunity observed in connection with some hypersensitivity reactions. Peroxidases have also been described in the skin and in platelets, and their presence may be responsible for the high incidence of skin reactions in the hypersensitivity response and the occurrence of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, respectively. Involvement of other peroxidases, such as prostaglandin peroxidase, may also be important for antiinflammatory effects of drugs. In addition, leukocytes contain prostaglandin synthetase, and the activation of leukocytes leads to the release of arachidonic acid and the production of prostaglandins. This process may also lead to the metabolism of drugs to reactive metabolites. In studies of the metabolism of procainamide and dapsone, aspirin and indomethacin did not inhibit the formation of the hydroxylamine by neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes. This is evidence against the involvement of prostaglandin synthetase in these oxidation; however, preliminary studies with other drugs suggest that prostaglandin synthetase may contribute to the metabolism of some drugs by leukocytes. Furthermore, the metabolism of phenylbutazone, phenytoin, and tenoxicam, as well as our preliminary work with other drugs such as carbamazepine, suggests that the range of drugs that are metabolized to reactive metabolites by peroxidases may be broader than initially suspected. There are several other drugs that do not fit into the functional group classes covered in this review but have similar properties. A good example is alpha-methyldopa, which is associated with drug-induced lupus, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and other hypersensitivity reactions. Such drugs may also be metabolized to reactive metabolites by peroxidases. Another aspect of the hypothesis is that an infection, or other inflammatory condition, may be an important risk factor for a hypersensitivity reaction because such a stimulus leads to activation of leukocytes which can lead to formation of reactive metabolites from certain drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Luminescence and Scintillation Properties at the Nanoscale (2010)

This contribution is a review of the luminescence and scintillation properties of nanoparticles (NP), particularly doped insulators. Luminescence spectroscopy is an appropriate tool to probe matter at the nanoscale. Luminescence is also the last stage of the scintillation process. Specific surface and structural effects occurring in NP are reported. Their consequences on the NP luminescence properties are discussed. Parts of the effects are related to the preparation method. On the other hand some intrinsic properties of the nanostructures which can modify the optical properties are described: quantum confinement and dielectric confinement. The response under high-energy excitation is also discussed. It appears that their size can be used as a tool to describe the spatial distribution of electronic excitations induced by the relaxation process after the high-energy excitation. Finally, potentiality to grow transparent bulk materials based on small Nps agglomeration via soft chemistry route is presented. It is a promising approach toward the development of scintillating materials.
Increased acceptance bandwidth for quasi-phasematchedsecond harmonicgeneration in LiNbO <sub>3</sub> waveguides (1994)

The authors demonstrate waveguide second harmonic generation using a variable-spaced phase-reversed quasi-phasematched grating that has an acceptance bandwidth 15 times greater than a uniformly quasi-phasematched interaction of the same length.
Temporally Coherent Interactive Ray Tracing (2002)

Abstract Ray tracing exhibits visible temporal aliasing artifacts in interactive viewing of complex datasets. We present a technique to reduce scintillation in point sampled imagery by targeting new rays to intersection points from previous frames. Remaining artifacts are abated by blending between successive frames. The algorithm achieves a reduction in scintillation comparable to that of supersampling, but at a significantly lower cost. Sample animations are available on the website listed at the end of this paper.
A new method of angle-robust multiple 1D-barcodes detection (2016)

This paper presents a new method to solve the problem of multiple 1D-barcode detection. We detect barcodes by barcode line extraction. We take the orientation distribution of barcode lines into consideration and define an orientation accumulator to determine dominant orientation of each cluster of barcodes. Once the orientation rectification of every barcode has been done, the gradient difference map can be calculated to highlight barcode area, and the highlighted areas are used to accelerate barcode detection. One important feature of our proposed method is that it uses the result of barcode line ex-traction to deal with the variation of size and direction of barcode lines, and increase the practicability and robustness of the method.
Enlightenment on the Eve of Revolution: The Egyptian and Syrian Debates. By Elizabeth Suzanne Kassab. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. 240p. $90.00 cloth, $30.00 paper. (2021)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Complement C3d Conjugation to Anthrax Protective Antigen Promotes a Rapid, Sustained, and Protective Antibody Response (2007)

B. anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. Pathogenesis is primarily mediated through the exotoxins lethal factor and edema factor, which bind protective antigen (PA) to gain entry into the host cell. The current anthrax vaccine (AVA, Biothrax) consists of aluminum-adsorbed cell-free filtrates of unencapsulated B. anthracis, wherein PA is thought to be the principle target of neutralization. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the natural adjuvant, C3d, versus alum in eliciting an anti-PA humoral response and found that C3d conjugation to PA and emulsion in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) imparted superior protection from anthrax challenge relative to PA in IFA or PA adsorbed to alum. Relative to alum-PA, immunization of mice with C3d-PA/IFA augmented both the onset and sustained production of PA-specific antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies to the receptor-binding portion (domain 4) of PA. C3d-PA/IFA was efficacious when administered either i.p. or s.c., and in adolescent mice lacking a fully mature B cell compartment. Induction of PA-specific antibodies by C3d-PA/IFA correlated with increased efficiency of germinal center formation and plasma cell generation. Importantly, C3d-PA immunization effectively protected mice from intranasal challenge with B. anthracis spores, and was approximately 10-fold more effective than alum-PA immunization or PA/IFA based on dose challenge. These data suggest that incorporation of C3d as an adjuvant may overcome shortcomings of the currently licensed aluminum-based vaccine, and may confer protection in the early days following acute anthrax exposure.
Near-Infrared Plasmonic Assemblies of Gold Nanoparticles with Multimodal Function for Targeted Cancer Theragnosis (2017)

Here we report a novel assembly structure of near-infrared plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), possessing both photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) properties. The template for the plasmonic AuNP assembly is a bioconjugate between short double-strand DNA (sh-dsDNA) and human methyl binding domain protein 1 (MBD1). MBD1 binds to methylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (mCGs) within the sequence of sh-dsDNA. Hexahistidine peptides on the engineered MBD1 function as a nucleation site for AuNP synthesis, allowing the construction of hybrid conjugates, sh-dsDNA-MBD1-AuNPs (named DMAs). By varying the length of sh-dsDNA backbone and the spacer between two adjacent mCGs, we synthesized three different DMAs (DMA_5mCG, DMA_9mCG, and DMA_21mCG), among which DMA_21mCG exhibited a comparable photothermal and surprisingly a higher photoacoustic signals, compared to a plasmonic gold nanorod. Further, epidermal growth factor receptor I (EGFR)-binding peptides are genetically attached to the MBD1 of DMA_21mCG, enabling its efficient endocytosis into EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells. Notably, the denaturation of MBD1 disassembled the DMA and accordingly released the individual small AuNPs (<5 nm) that can be easily cleared from the body through renal excretion without causing accumulation/toxicity problems. This DMA-based novel approach offers a promising platform for targeted cancer theragnosis based on simultaneous PA imaging and PT therapy.
Visualization and Evolution of Software Architectures (2012)

Software systems are an integral component of our everyday life as we find them in tools and embedded in equipment all around us. In order to ensure smooth, predictable, and accurate operation of these systems, it is crucial to produce and maintain systems that are highly reliable. A well-designed and well-maintained architecture goes a long way in achieving this goal. However, due to the intangible and often complex nature of software architecture, this task can be quite complicated. The field of software architecture visualization aims to ease this task by providing tools and techniques to examine the hierarchy, relationship, evolution, and quality of architecture components. In this paper, we present a discourse on the state of the art of software architecture visualization techniques. Further, we highlight the importance of developing solutions tailored to meet the needs and requirements of the stakeholders involved in the analysis process.
Characterization of Four Variant Forms of Human Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Expressed in Escherichia coli (2005)

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA. PCC consists of two heterologous subunits, alpha PCC and beta PCC, which are encoded by the nuclear PCCA and PCCB genes, respectively. Deficiency of PCC results in a metabolic disorder, propionic acidemia, which is sufficiently severe to cause neonatal death. We have purified three PCCs containing pathogenic mutations in the beta subunit (R165W, E168K, and R410W) and one PCCB polymorphism (A497V) to homogeneity to elucidate the potential structural and functional effects of these substitutions. We observed no significant difference in Km values for propionyl-CoA between wild-type and the variant enzymes, which indicated that these substitutions had no effect on the affinity of the enzyme for this substrate. Furthermore, the kinetic studies indicated that mutation R410W was not involved in propionyl-CoA binding in contrast to a previous report. The three mutant PCCs had half the catalytic efficiency of wild-type PCC as judged by the kcat/Km ratios. No significant differences have been observed in molecular mass or secondary structure among these enzymes. However, the variant PCCs were less thermostable than the wild-type. Following incubation at 47 degrees C, blue native-PAGE revealed a lower oligomeric form (alpha2beta2) in the three mutants not detectable in wild-type and the polymorphism. Interestingly, the lower oligomeric form was also observed in the corresponding crude Escherichia coli extracts. Our biochemical data and the structural analysis using a beta PCC homology model indicate that the pathogenic nature of these mutations is more likely to be due to a lack of assembly rather than disruption of catalysis. The strong favorable effect of the co-expressed chaperone proteins on PCC folding, assembly, and activity suggest that propionic acidemia may be amenable to chaperone therapy.
Mechanochemistry-assisted synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons applied as supercapacitors (2017)

A solvent-free synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons is conducted by a facile and fast mechanochemical reaction in a ball mill. By means of a mechanochemical ball-milling approach, we obtained titanium(IV) citrate-based polymers, which have been processed via high temperature chlorine treatment to hierarchical porous carbons with a high specific surface area of up to 1814 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and well-defined pore structures. The carbons are applied as electrode materials in electric double-layer capacitors showing high specific capacitances with 98 F g<sup>-1</sup> in organic and 138 F g<sup>-1</sup> in an ionic liquid electrolyte as well as good rate capabilities, maintaining 87% of the initial capacitance with 1 M TEA-BF<sub>4</sub> in acetonitrile (ACN) and 81% at 10 A g<sup>-1</sup> in EMIM-BF<sub>4</sub>.
A randomized controlled trial comparing results of closed reduction and plaster immobilization versus external fixator in unstable fractures of distal radius (2012)

To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of the two different modalities in unstable fracture distal end of radius, and the complications in each group. Study consists of prospective analysis of the cases of unstable fracture of distal end of radius managed by two different methods of treatment in 40 patients and the functional outcome measured by the standardized functional scoring method (Gartland and Werley 1951, Stewart et al. 1984). The radiological outcome of the fracture management as mentioned above measured according to Anatomical scoring method (Stewart et al. 1984). In this study there was no statistical difference between functional and anatomical outcome when treated by either method. There was no poor graded result anatomically or functionally in either group. No serious complication was noted in both the groups. Both the method of treatment produced no significant difference in outcome, functionally and anatomically , but the extra cost of anaesthetic drugs, operation theatre charges, hazards of anaesthesia and the cost of implants can be avoided in cases managed with closed reduction and immobilization in plaster cast. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 20-27 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6737
Ground control pointing and geometric transformation of satellite imagery (1986)

Abstract LANDSAT imagery has been corrected for Earth curvature and rotation, satellite attitude errors and sensor non-linearities, it still contains significant geometric distortions with the centre of the scene only located to an accuracy of a few kilometres. For some applications these errors are unimportant but an increasing number of users need geometrically transformed imagery either for direct comparison with maps or for multitemporal analysis. To determine the transformation the user must select a number of ground control points, i.e. features which are readily identifiable on both the image and a map. The transformation matrix between image and map co-ordinates is then determined and the scene resampled using interpolation techniques. Notes *Paper presented at a meeting on “Location—terrestial positioning and geometric correction of imagery” held at the Universityof Nottingham, 23 May 1984.
Influence of change in ether structure on the low temperature dielectric relaxation of some poly(ether imide) (2014)

ABSTRACT Broad band dielectric relaxation spectra are reported on a range of polymers created by varying the ether segment in a series of poly(ether imide)s. Changes in the structure allow the effects of steric constraints on the local conformational dynamics of the polymer chain to be explored. These changes have a significant effect on the glass transition temperatures of these polymers which range from 245 to over 420°C. In contrast, the low temperature dielectric relaxation behavior of these polymers is very similar and is attributed to cooperative local oscillatory—librational motions. Changes in the stereochemistry effect the amplitude, activation energy for the relaxation process, the packing chain density, and values of the high frequency limiting permittivity, ε ∞ ′. This latter parameter is sensitive to the extent of dipole induced dipole and π‐π electron interactions and is influenced by the packing density. The magnitude of ε ∞ ′ is a very important parameter in determining the suitability of poly(imide)s for electrical applications. The magnitude of ε ∞ ′ increases with the density; however, deviations from this general trend are observed when large nonpolar groups inhibit the interaction of neighboring chains. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 41191.
Progressive effects of cocaine on behavior and central amine metabolism in rhesus monkeys: relationship to kindling and psychosis. (1976)

Chronic administration of the same dose of cocaine to rhesus monkeys for up to 6 months was associated with progressive alterations in pathological behavior and increased susceptibility to seizures. Monkeys initially displaying prominent hyperactive stereotypic responses for up to 2 months began to demonstrate increasing amounts of inhibitory behavior, consisting of catalepsy, motor inhibition, and abnormal visual tracking and staring. Four of 13 animals developed increasing intensities of lingual-buccal dyskinesias after 10 weeks of chronic cocaine. Animals initially showing no convulsions to a given dose of cocaine eventually developed convulsions to the same dose, and then displayed an increased frequency of convulsions following subsequent injections. Levels of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid were significantly elevated during both excitatory stereotypic and inhibitory syndromes; a similar trend was observed for HVA after probenecid administration. Only the probenecid-induced accumulations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, following acute cocaine administration, were significantly elevated. The progressive increases in convulsions, dyskinesias, and the inhibitory syndrome did not appear related to alterations in peak levels of cocaine in plasma or CSF, and a pharmacological kindling model is suggested as an alternate explanation of the data. The study extends the current models of stimulant-induced psychoses by highlighting the progressive alterations in behavior and neurological sequelae and in suggesting that this progressive mechanism may also be important in the development of psychosis in man.
Characterization of human type I and type II IMP dehydrogenases. (1993)

Human IMP dehydrogenase, a target for anticancer and immunosuppressive chemotherapy, exists as two isoforms, types I and II. Nonfusion sequences of each isoform were overexpressed in an IMP dehydrogenase-deficient strain of Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Both recombinant isoforms were tetramers, which was in agreement with the subunit structure of the native mammalian enzyme. The results of initial velocity and product inhibition studies were consistent with an Ordered Bi Bi kinetic mechanism for both isoforms. Substrate affinities were similar for types I and II with Km values of 18 and 9.3 microM, respectively, for IMP, and 46 and 32 microM, respectively, for NAD.kcat values were 1.5 and 1.3 s-1 at 37 degrees C for types I and II, respectively. Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate and NADH inhibited the two isoforms with identical inhibition patterns and inhibition constants. Mycophenolic acid, however, inhibited the type II enzyme with a 4.8-fold lower K than the type I. Selective inhibitors of the inducible type II isoform may mitigate toxicity caused by inhibition of the constitutively expressed type I isoform.
The Precipitation of Gelatin by Ethanol, and Its Use in the Estimation of Proteolytic Activity (1952)

Within certain limits of gelatin concentration, pH, temperature, salt concentration, and ethanol concentration, the percentage light transmitted through precipitated gelatin solutions is an exponential function of the gelatin concentration. It is concluded that the mean micelle size of the precipitated gelatin is independent of the gelatin concentration within these prescribed limits.
Use of a multimode short-external-cavity laser diode for absolute-distance interferometry (1993)

The author considers the resonant-mode structure of a three-wall Fabry-Perot laser-diode cavity in the context of multiple-color interferometric techniques for determining absolute distance. It is found that the theoretical emission spectrum for a dispersive gain medium such as GaAIAs in such a cavity can be used to generate synthetic wavelengths from less than 200 µm to more than a meter with a single laser diode. The emission characteristics and their use in distance measurements are then illustrated experimentally by using a commercially available short-external-cavity device operated near threshold.