gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automatic assembly planning system (2002)

An automatic assembly planning system which takes the CAD description of a product as input and automatically generates an assembly plan subject to the resource constraint of a given assembly cell is presented. The system improves the flexibility and productivity of FMSs and is composed of five modules: world database, simulated world model, knowledge acquisition mechanism, planning knowledge base, and assembly planner. The world database contains the information from a designer which provides the information about the product and the assembly cell. The knowledge acquisition mechanism acquires knowledge necessary for assembly planning, that is, the precedence knowledge among assembly tasks, the fixture specification for the assembly, and the tool requirement for the assembly tasks. The acquired knowledge forms the planning knowledge base. The simulated world model keeps track of the current state of the assembly world. In the initial state, all the components are separated, while in the final state, all the components are assembled. The assembly planner is made up of a set of production rules which models the effects of real assembly tasks. By repeatedly applying these production rules to the simulated world state, the planner transforms the initial state into the final state. The set of rules applied forms the assembly plan. Examples are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypophosphatasia: Biological and Clinical Aspects, Avenues for Therapy (2020)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited systemic metabolic disease caused by mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene. TNSALP is expressed in the liver, kidney and bone, and its substrates include TNSALP inorganic pyrophosphate, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)/vitamin B6 and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). Autosomal recessive and dominant forms of the disease result in a range of clinical entities. Major hallmarks are low alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and elevated PLP and PEA levels. Very severe infantile forms of HPP cause premature death as a result of respiratory insufficiency and also present with hypo-mineralisation leading to deformed limbs with, in some cases, the near-absence of bones and skull altogether. Respiratory failure, rib fractures and seizures due to vitamin B6 deficiency are indicative of a poor prognosis. Craniosynostosis is frequent. HPP leads to an unusual presentation of rickets with high levels of calcium and phosphorus, resulting in hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and low ALP levels. Hypercalcaemic crisis, failure to thrive and growth retardation are concerns in infants. Fractures are common in both infantile and adult forms of the disease, concomitantly occurring with unexplained chronic pain and fatigue. Dental clinical presentations, which include the premature loss of teeth, are also commonly found in HPP and specifically manifest as odontohypophosphatasia. A novel enzyme therapy for human HPP, asfotase alfa, which is specifically targeted to mineralised tissues, has been developed in the past decades. While this treatment seems very promising, especially for infantile HPP, many questions regarding its long-term effects, the management of treatment, and any potential secondary adverse effects remain unresolved.
Superconductor film growth on LaGaO3 substrates by liquid phase epitaxy (1990)

Growth conditions and solubility relations were investigated for controlled crystallization of YBa2Cu3O7−x and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films from KCl solutions. Applications were made to film growth by liquid phase epitaxy using the dipping process. Epipolished substrates of LaGaO3 with (001) orientations were employed. The micrometer thick films were identified by x ray to be of the correct phases. Furthermore, the polycrystalline films showed a highly preferred orientation with (001) of the films parallel to (001) of LaGaO3. The Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 film composition was superconducting as-grown with a zero resistance Tc of 78 K and a ΔTc of 7 K, while the YBa2Cu3O7−x films required an oxidation for optimum properties.
Scriptless attacks (2012)

Due to their high practical impact, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks have attracted a lot of attention from the security community members. In the same way, a plethora of more or less effective defense techniques have been proposed, addressing the causes and effects of XSS vulnerabilities. NoScript, and disabling scripting code in non-browser applications such as e-mail clients or instant messengers.
Salicornia herbacea: botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of halophyte marsh plant. (2009)

Salicornia (S.) herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae) is a salt marsh plant and one of the most salt tolerant species on Western coast of Korea. In a long time, S. herbacea has been prescribed in traditional medicines for the treatment ofintestinal ailments, nephropathy, and hepatitis in Oriental countries. In addition,S. herbacea has recently reported to be effective on the atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. A variety of pharmacological experiments have revealed that solvent-extracted fractions of S. herbacea exhibited anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting rationale behind its several traditional uses. Tungtungmadic acid, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside have been isolated from S. herbacea, and identified as active ingredients of biological and pharmacological activities. Due to the easily collection of the plant and remarkable biological activities, this plant has become the food and medicine in seashore area of Korea. This review presents comprehensively analyzed information on the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects of S. herbacea.

	 

	Key words: Salicornia herbacea, salt marsh plant, anti-oxidative effect, anti-inflammatory activity, Tungtungmadic acid.
Self-assembled growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis of metalorganic precursor (2003)

Carbon nanotubes with controllable diameters from ∼1 to 200 nm were synthesized by pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine at ∼900 °C under argon gas flow. Diameters of nanotubes were controlled by varying the metal concentration, using the solid phase dilution of iron phthalocyanine with metal-free phthalocyanine to various degrees. Self-assembled single-walled carbon nanotubes were obtained by using iron phthalocyanine precursor diluted with metal-free phthalocyanine in 1:24 molar ratio.
Mild and General Zinc-Alkoxide-Catalyzed Allylations of Ketones with Allyl Pinacol Boronates (2010)

A general and efficient zinc-alkoxide-catalyzed allylation of a diverse array of ketones with allyl boronates is presented. The methodology is effective with 2 mol % of catalyst and with relatively short reaction times. Studies of the key exchange process are presented, which support a cyclic transition state for the boron to zinc exchange.
Transmit diversity applied on the CDMA/TDD cellular systems (2002)

This paper shows that the result of cell search and open loop transmit divesty of CDMA/TDD. The TSTD type transmit diversity for the physical synchronisation channel (PSCH) can shorten the cell search time of user equipment (UE) at low Doppler frequency. The block STTD type transmit diversity for the primary common control channel (P-CCPCH) can improve the BER performance around 3 dB compared with a single antenna transmission. Furthermore the authors propose open loop type sector/cell selection handover. The improvement by using this scheme, as compared to hard handover, is almost 2 dB for between sectors and 1.1 dB to 1.6 dB for between cells, depending on the Doppler frequency. The change for the switching rate into 10 ms makes the gain of 0.8 dB at f/sub D/=53 Hz and 1.7 dB at f/sub D/=222 Hz, respectively.
Degradability of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in a model of intracellular environment: follow-up of magnetic, structural and chemical properties (2010)

The unique magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles have paved the way for various biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance cellular imaging or magnetically induced therapeutic hyperthermia. Living cells interact with nanoparticles by internalizing them within intracellular acidic compartments. Although no acute toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles has been reported up to now, the mechanisms of nanoparticle degradation by the cellular environment are still unknown. In the organism, the long term integrity and physical state of iron-based nanoparticles are challenged by iron homeostasis. In this study, we monitored the degradation of 7 nm sized maghemite nanoparticles in a medium mimicking the intracellular environment. Magnetic nanoparticles with three distinct surface coatings, currently evaluated as MRI contrast agents, were shown to exhibit different kinetics of dissolution at an acidic pH in the presence of a citrate chelating agent. Our assessment of the physical state of the nanoparticles during degradation revealed that the magnetic properties, size distribution and structure of the remaining nanocrystals were identical to those of the initial suspension. This result suggests a model for nanoparticle degradation with rapidly dissolved nanocrystals and a reservoir of intact nanoparticles.
Iterative Algorithms Based on Decoupling of Deblurring and Denoising for Image Restoration (2008)

In this paper, we propose iterative algorithms for solving image restoration problems. The iterative algorithms are based on decoupling of deblurring and denoising steps in the restoration process. In the deblurring step, an efficient deblurring method using fast transforms can be employed. In the denoising step, effective methods such as the wavelet shrinkage denoising method or the total variation denoising method can be used. The main advantage of this proposal is that the resulting algorithms can be very efficient and can produce better restored images in visual quality and signal-to-noise ratio than those by the restoration methods using the combination of a data-fitting term and a regularization term. The convergence of the proposed algorithms is shown in the paper. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms.
Truncated sequential hypothesis tests (1967)

Through a careful examination of the equations by which Wald determines the values of the boundaries for tests of sequential hypotheses, we are able to obtain interesting relationships for the conditional probability distributions of the stage at which the test terminates. These enable us to study sequential tests in which the boundaries are functions of the sample number. We are particularly concerned with tests with convergent boundaries, and investigate a set of boundaries which approach those of a truncated Wald test. Approximate expressions for the expected sample number and probabilities of error are obtained for the tests considered. The obtained approximations apply best for gently tapering slopes. Extensions of our method can be applied to evaluate various ad hoc schemes for truncating tests and to the theory of tests with a varying parameter.
Preliminary Studies of Chromosome Rings in Brodiaea Lactea (1933)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Angiogenic Factors in Superimposed Preeclampsia (2012)

Imbalances in circulating angiogenic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. To characterize levels of angiogenic factors in pregnant women with chronic hypertension, we prospectively followed 109 women and measured soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), soluble endoglin, and placental growth factor at 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks' gestation and postpartum. Superimposed preeclampsia developed in 37 (34%) and was early onset (<34 weeks) in 9 and later onset (≥34 weeks) in 28. Circulating levels of sFlt1 and the ratio of sFlt1 to placental growth factor were higher before clinical diagnosis at 20 weeks' gestation in women who subsequently developed early onset preeclampsia between 28 and 34 weeks compared with levels in women who never developed preeclampsia (P=0.001) or who developed late-onset preeclampsia (P=0.001). Circulating levels of sFlt1, soluble endoglin, and the ratio of sFlt1:placental growth factor were also significantly higher, and placental growth factor levels were significantly lower at the time of clinical diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia in women with either early or late-onset superimposed preeclampsia compared with levels at similar gestational ages in those with uncomplicated chronic hypertension. We conclude that alterations in angiogenic factors are detectable before and at the time of clinical diagnosis of early onset superimposed preeclampsia, whereas alterations were observed only at the time of diagnosis in women with late-onset superimposed preeclampsia. Longitudinal measurements of angiogenic factors may help anticipate early onset superimposed preeclampsia and facilitate diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia in women with chronic hypertension.
Experience with a New Particulate Trap Technology in Europe (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The reduction of particulate emissions is of major interest, especially in urban areas. The technology associated with particulate traps has been under development for more than twenty years, however past experiences have tended to show that regeneration systems are expensive and often suffer from durability problems. In this paper we report on an alternative approach in which a continuous low-temperature chemical reaction mechanism is employed. The system based on this technology consists of a special oxidation catalyst upstream of a particulate trap. Over the catalyst some of the engine-out NO emission is oxidised to NO<sub>2</sub>. NO<sub>2</sub> is active for the continuous oxidation of soot collected in the trap above about 250 °C. As a result of this regeneration process the trap is always very lightly loaded with soot and the back-pressure level is therefore very low. The oxidation catalyst naturally also leads to very low emissions of CO and hydrocarbons. The overall conversion rates from raw gas to tailpipe for a vehicle fitted with such a system are typically in excess of 90% for CO, HC and particulate matter. There is a small reduction of NO<sub>x</sub>, typically between 3% and 8%.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The successful operation of a system based on this technology requires the use of virtually sulphur free fuel. For this reason the earliest work was done in Sweden where the so-called “Swedish Environmental Class 1 diesel” is the principle transport fuel. This fuel has a maximum sulphur content of 10ppm. About 1800 systems are in operation in Europe to date, a wide variety of engine types and applications having been tested. The maximum recorded mileage on a single vehicle is 390,000 km. In addition to the Swedish experience, the cities of Paderborn, Wiesbaden, London and Oxford have small fleets of vehicles with systems in operation. A large European bus manufacturer has commissioned a durability test on the system involving a fleet of fifty vehicles<span class="xref"><sup>1</sup></span>.</div>
A hydrogel biosensor for high selective and sensitive detection of amyloid-beta oligomers (2018)

This biosensor could be used as a cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of AD due to its high electrochemical performance and bionic structure.
Fault-based side-channel cryptanalysis tolerant Rijndael symmetric block cipher architecture (2002)

Fault-based side channel cryptanalysis is very effective against symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Although straightforward hardware and time redundancy based Concurrent Error Detection (CED) architectures can be used to thwart such attacks, they entail significant overhead (either area or performance). In this paper we investigate systematic approaches to low-cost, low-latency CED for Rijndael symmetric encryption algorithm. These approaches exploit the inverse relationship that exists between Rijndael encryption and decryption at various levels and develop CED architectures that explore the trade-off between area overhead, performance penalty and error detection latency. The proposed techniques have been validated on FPGA implementations.
Divergent Mechanisms Utilized by SOCS3 to Mediate Interleukin-10 Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages (2005)

The cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) potently inhibits macrophage function through activation of the transcription factor STAT3. The expression of SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling-3) has been shown to be induced by IL-10 in a STAT3-dependent manner. However, the relevance of SOCS3 expression to the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 on macrophages has been controversial. Through kinetic analysis of the requirement for SOCS3 in IL-10 inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) transcription and translation, SOCS3 was found to be necessary for TNFalpha expression during the early phase, but not the late phase of IL-10 action. SOCS3 was essential for IL-10 inhibition of LPS-stimulated production of iNOS (inducible nitric-oxide synthase) protein and nitric oxide (NO). To determine the domains of SOCS3 protein important in mediating these effects, SOCS3-/- macrophages were reconstituted with SOCS3 mutated for the SH2, KIR, SOCS box domains, and tyrosines 204 (Tyr204) and 221 (Tyr221). The SH2 domain, SOCS box, and both Tyr204 and Tyr221 were required for IL-10 inhibition of TNFalpha mRNA and protein expression, but interestingly the KIR domain was necessary only for IL-10 inhibition of TNFalpha protein expression. In contrast, Tyr204 and Tyr221 were the only structural features of SOCS3 that were necessary in mediating IL-10 inhibition of iNOS protein expression and NO production. These data define SOCS3 as an important mediator of IL-10 inhibition of macrophage activation and that SOCS3 interferes with distinct LPS-stimulated signal transduction events through differing mechanisms.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Engages the Bro1 Domain of ALIX/AIP1 through the Nucleocapsid (2007)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses harbor short peptide motifs in Gag that promote the release of infectious virions. These motifs, known as late assembly (L) domains, recruit a cellular budding machinery that is required for the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The primary L domain of HIV-1 maps to a PTAP motif in the p6 region of Gag and engages the MVB pathway by binding to Tsg101. Additionally, HIV-1 p6 harbors an auxiliary L domain that binds to the V domain of ALIX, another component of the MVB pathway. We now show that ALIX also binds to the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of HIV-1 Gag and that ALIX and its isolated Bro1 domain can be specifically packaged into viral particles via NC. The interaction with ALIX depended on the zinc fingers of NC, which mediate the specific packaging of genomic viral RNA, but was not disrupted by nuclease treatment. We also observed that HIV-1 zinc finger mutants were defective for particle production and exhibited a similar defect in Gag processing as a PTAP deletion mutant. The effects of the zinc finger and PTAP mutations were not additive, suggesting a functional relationship between NC and p6. However, in contrast to the PTAP deletion mutant, the double mutants could not be rescued by overexpressing ALIX, further supporting the notion that NC plays a role in virus release.
Shear-Reducing Insoles to Prevent Foot Ulceration in High-Risk Diabetic Patients (2012)

These results suggest that a shear-reducing insole is more effective than traditional insoles to prevent foot ulcers in high-risk persons with diabetes.
Altered expression of lymphocyte Fc <i>alpha</i> receptor in selective IgA deficiency and IgA nephropathy. (1983)

To study the expression of FcR specific for IgA (Fc alpha R) on human peripheral lymphocytes (PBL), PBL from normal donors were incubated with 300 to 500 micrograms/ml MOPC 315 IgA having anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody activity at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 60 min. Under this condition, less than 2% of total cells could form rosettes with TNP-coated ox red blood cells (TNP-ORBC). When cultured with MOPC 315 IgA at 37 degrees C for 18 hr, however, there was a dose-dependent increase of the rosette-forming cells (RFC) binding TNP-ORBC. Because 15 to 20% of the total cells bound TNP-ORBC but not unsensitized ORBC, the rosette formation appeared to be due to the cytophilic binding of IgA to the cells. The binding of MOPC 315 IgA was competed by TEPC 15 IgA and human myeloma IgA, but not by murine myeloma proteins of other classes, indicating that the receptor is specific for IgA. Fc alpha R was induced on 15 to 20% of fractionated T and B cells, as well as on 15 to 18% of concanavalin A-(Con A) activated lymphocytes when cultured with IgA. The induction of the receptor was dependent on protein and RNA synthesis, but not on DNA synthesis as suggested by the sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors, such as mitomycin C, actinomycin D, puromycin, and cycloheximide. In five patients with selective IgA deficiency (serum IgA, 0 to 4 mg/dl), only 5.1% +/- 1.7 of PBL formed rosettes with TNP-ORBC after culture with MOPC 315 IgA, whereas 12.5% +/- 2.5 of PBL from normal donors (serum IgA, 90 to 330 mg/dl) formed rosettes. Fc alpha R was induced on more than 15% of the cells from these patients, however, when cultured with IgA in the presence of a conditioned medium obtained from mixed lymphocyte culture from two normal donors. The results suggested that the abnormality in the patients' PBL might be in the induction mechanism rather than in the number of precursor cells that could express Fc alpha R in the presence of IgA. On the other hand, Fc alpha R was induced on 10.4% +/- 1.5 of PBL from the patients with IgA nephropathy (serum IgA, 382 +/- 11 mg/dl) when they were incubated with IgA for 1 hr at 37 degrees C. Because Fc alpha R on normal PBL was not induced by 1 hr of incubation with IgA, it appeared that the receptor was already expressed in vivo on the cells of these patients.
Synthesis and Properties of Water-soluble Silica-coated CdS Quantum Dots (2006)

CdS quantum dots were synthesized in aqueous solution at room temperature using sucrose as stabilizer followed by encapsulation of CdS QDs in SiO_2.The prepared CdS QDs and CdS/SiO_2 were characterized by UVVis spectra,IR spectra,fluorescent emission spectra,and electronic transmission microscopy(TEM).The results showed that CdS QDs had a narrow size distribution when sucrose was used as stabilizer which was about 3nm in diameter.The fluorescence properties of the CdS quantum dots were found sensitive to reaction temperature and concentration of sucrose.The surface of CdS quantum dots was passivated by SiO_2,resulting in the effective reduction of the surface traps and the enhancement in PL intensity.Encapsulation of CdS quantum dots in SiO_2 provided CdS nanocrystal with good stability.