gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Self-Oscillating, Boost-Derived DC–DC Converter With Load Regulation (2005)

This paper proposes a novel self-oscillating, boost-derived (SOBD) dc-dc converter with load regulation. This proposed topology utilizes saturable cores (SCs) to offer self-oscillating and output regulation capabilities. Conventionally, the self-oscillating dc transformer (SODT) type of scheme can be implemented in a very cost-effective manner. The ideal dc transformer provides both input and output currents as pure, ripple-free dc quantities. However, the structure of an SODT-type converter will not provide regulation, and its oscillating frequency will change in accordance with the load. The proposed converter with SCs will allow output-voltage regulation to be accomplished by varying only the control current between the transformers, as occurs in a pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter. A control network that combines PWM schemes with a regenerative function is used for this converter. The optimum duty cycle is implemented to achieve low levels of input- and output-current ripples, which are characteristic of an ideal dc transformer. The oscillating frequency will spontaneously be kept near-constant, regardless of the load, without adding any auxiliary or compensation circuits. The typical voltage waveforms of the transistors are found to be close to quasisquare. The switching surges are well suppressed, and the voltage stress of the component is well clamped. The turn-on/turn-off of the switch is zero-voltage switching (ZVS), and its resonant transition can occur over a wide range of load current levels. A prototype circuit of an SOBD converter shows 86% efficiency at 48-V input, with 12-V, 100-W output, and presents an operating frequency of 100 kHz.
The Effect of Melanin Pigment Removal on the Peroxidase–Antiperoxidase Immunoperoxidase Technic (1987)

With the increasing use of immunoperoxidase technics, it may be difficult to differentiate between the dark staining of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) compound reaction product and melanin pigment. The latter may be particularly observed in skin. Samples of both normal skin and melanotic malignant melanoma were treated for the removal of melanin by standard technics both before and after a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistologic sequence. Many methods for the removal of melanin pigment resulted in diminished DAB staining intensity. Some also caused cellular disruption. However, the method of choice was found to be treatment with 0.25 g/dL potassium permanganate and 1 g/dL oxalic acid before the immunoperoxidase sequence.
Loss of CRB2 in the mouse retina mimics human retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations in the CRB1 gene (2012)

In humans, the Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1) gene is mutated in progressive types of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. However, there is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation for CRB1 mutations, which suggests that other components of the CRB complex may influence the severity of retinal disease. Therefore, to understand the physiological role of the Crumbs complex proteins, we generated and analysed conditional knockout mice lacking CRB2 in the developing retina. Progressive disorganization was detected during late retinal development. Progressive thinning of the photoreceptor layer and sites of cellular mislocalization was detected throughout the CRB2-deficient retina by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Under scotopic conditions using electroretinography, the attenuation of the a-wave was relatively stronger than that of the b-wave, suggesting progressive degeneration of photoreceptors in adult animals. Histological analysis of newborn mice showed abnormal lamination of immature rod photoreceptors and disruption of adherens junctions between photoreceptors, Müller glia and progenitor cells. The number of late-born progenitor cells, rod photoreceptors and Müller glia cells was increased, concomitant with programmed cell death of rod photoreceptors. The data suggest an essential role for CRB2 in proper lamination of the photoreceptor layer and suppression of proliferation of late-born retinal progenitor cells.
Gastrointestinal Blood Flow in the Dog (1965)

That the radiorubidium distribution method provides good estimates of blood flow to the gastrointestinal organs was demonstrated by comparing the arterial concentration course of the isotope with the simultaneous venous concentration for the individual organs. Blood flow to stomach, intestine and colon are accurately assessed by this method. Estimates for pancreas, gall bladder, esophagus and duodenum are probably correct. Average perfusion rates in the pentobarbital anesthetized dog are, in cc/min.g of tissue: --esophagus, 0.21; stomach, 0.51; duodenum, 0.70; small intestine, 0.72; colon, 0.82; pancreas, 0.60; and gall bladder, 0.39.
Effects of noble gases on diamond deposition from methane-hydrogen microwave plasmas (1990)

The deposition of diamond films by microwave plasmas has been studied in gaseous mixtures of methane, hydrogen, and noble gases. Plasma diagnostic results are compared with growth rates and Raman spectra of the films. The noble gases, which influence the degree of excitation or reactant molecules by energy transfer or charge transfer from their excited and ionic states, are active in the deposition process by inducing additional ion-molecule and excited atom-molecule reactions. As a result, enhanced deposition rates have been observed. Small oxygen additions along with the noble gases can suppress the formation of nondiamond carbon phases, leading to an effective way to rapidly deposit diamond films at high methane concentrations while still retaining minimal nondiamond carbon components in the films.
Migrating Web Applications from Monolithic Structure to Microservices Architecture (2018)

In the traditional software development and deployment, the centralized monolithic is always adopted, as the modules are tightly coupled, which caused many inconvenience in software DevOps. The modules with bottlenecks in monolithic application cannot be extend separately as the application is an integral part, and different module cannot use different technology stack. To prolong the lifecycle of the monolithic applications, its need to migrated it to microservice architecture. Due to the complex logic and large number of third party framework libraries depended, get an accurate comprehensive of the application characteristics is challenging. The existing research mostly based on the static characteristics, lack of consideration of the runtime dynamic characteristics, and the completeness and accuracy of the static analysis is inadequate. To resolve above problems, we combined static and dynamic analysis to get static structure and runtime behavior characteristics of monolithic application. We employed the coupling among functions to evaluate the degree of dependence, and through function clustering to achieve the migration of legacy monolithic applications and its data to microservices architecture. Through the empirical study of migrate the typical legacy project to microservices, it is proved that we proposed method can offer precise guidance and assistance in the migration procedure. Experiments show that the method has high accuracy and low performance cost.
Single-Molecule Experiments in Vitro and in Silico (2007)

Single-molecule force experiments in vitro enable the characterization of the mechanical response of biological matter at the nanometer scale. However, they do not reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical function. These can only be readily studied through molecular dynamics simulations of atomic structural models: "in silico" (by computer analysis) single-molecule experiments. Steered molecular dynamics simulations, in which external forces are used to explore the response and function of macromolecules, have become a powerful tool complementing and guiding in vitro single-molecule experiments. The insights provided by in silico experiments are illustrated here through a review of recent research in three areas of protein mechanics: elasticity of the muscle protein titin and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin; linker-mediated elasticity of the cytoskeleton protein spectrin; and elasticity of ankyrin repeats, a protein module found ubiquitously in cells but with an as-yet unclear function.
Influence of nonuniform carrier distribution on the polarization dependence of modal gain in multiquantum-well lasers and semiconductor optical amplifiers (2000)

We investigate the modal gain seen by transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes of bulk and multiquantum-well (MQW) lasers given a nonuniform distribution of active region carriers. We find that the dependence of modal gain on the nonuniformity of carrier profile differs for TE and TM modes. This experimentally observable phenomenon is proposed as a measure of carrier density nonuniformity. We discuss the importance of the confinement picture for TE and TM modes, in the generalized presence of some asymmetry, in assuring injection-level independent polarization insensitivity in semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers.
Plasma Process. Polym. 4/2009 (2009)

Cover: Using a newly developed plasma stamp, flat surfaces can be plasma‐coated and activated selectively at atmospheric pressure. The cover shows the scheme of the stamp and two stamps in action, illustrating that nearly every treatment area shape is possible. Further details can be found in the article by U. Stöhr, * A. Dohse, P. Hoppe, M. Thomas, K. Kadel, C.‐P. Klages, and H. Reinecke on page 228.
A 64Kb full CMOS RAM with divided word line structure (1983)

An 8K×8b N-well CMOS static RAM with a divided word line architecture which decreases both the column current and word line delay will be described. The RAM achieves an access time of 50ns while dissipating 100mW. The use of molybdenum silicide as a substitute for the second polysilicon layer will be reviewed.
Membrane-bound interleukin-21 and CD137 ligand induce functional human natural killer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells through STAT-3 activation (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cell adoptive transfer is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy; however, its development has been hindered by the lack of efficient methods to produce large numbers of functional NK cells. In this study, we engineered the leukaemia cell line K562 to express CD137 ligand (CD137L) and membrane-bound interleukin (mbIL)-21 on the cell surface, and used these cells to expand NK cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that purity of the NK cells (CD3(-) CD56(+) /CD16(+) ) increased from less than 30% to above 95% after a 3-week expansion and proliferation of the cells was sustained for more than 8 weeks. The surface expression of NK cell activating and inhibitory receptors, except for NKp80, was clearly increased with the expansion, and NK cell-mediated killing activity was also enhanced significantly. However, these changes in both phenotype and function were clearly reversed by JSI-124, a specific signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) inhibitor. Taken together, data showed that the combination of mbIL-21 and CD137L could efficiently induce the formation of functional human NK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and STAT-3 inhibition could impair this induction. Therefore, STAT-3 activation may benefit human NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, and provide valuable clinical applications in NK cell immunotherapy against viral infectious diseases and cancers.
An intelligent brake-by-wire system design and analysis in accordance with ISO-26262 functional safety standard (2015)

ISO-26262, as the primary functional safety standard for automotive systems, covers the management of functional safety, safety lifecycle and safety assessment according to the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL). The ASIL of an automotive system in ISO-26262 is determined by the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA). In this paper, we based on the ISO-26262 functional safety concept to conduct an Intelligent Brake-By-Wire System (IBBWS) design and analysis process. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how to apply the functional safety concept of ISO-26262 to a real safety-critical system. The demonstrations include how to analyze the functional safety for an automotive system, determine the ASIL to be achieved according to the safety analysis results and perform the safety design for IBBWS to meet the demanded ASIL with FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis).
History Matching Using a Hierarchical Stochastic Model with the Ensemble Kalman Filter: A Field Case Study (2009)

Abstract The growth in the application of optimization in reservoir management has placed greater demands on the application of history matching to produce models that not only reproduce the historical production behavior, but also preserve geological realism and quantify forecast uncertainty. Geological complexity and limited access to the subsurface typically result in a large uncertainty in reservoir properties and forecasts. There is, however, a systematic tendency to underestimate such uncertainty, especially when rock properties are modeled using Gaussian random fields. In this paper, we address two sources of uncertainty: uncertainty in regional trends by introducing stochastic trend coefficients and uncertainty in variogram model by treating correlation length or range as a stochastic variable instead of a well-determined variogram parameter. The hierarchical parameters including trend coefficients and heterogeneities can be estimated using ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for history matching. Hierarchical or multi-scale heterogeneities are generally poorly represented, especially in deepwater reservoirs. We developed a hierarchical description of heterogeneities that introduced new variables into the reservoir description. We tested our method for updating these variables using production data from a deepwater field whose reservoir model has over 200,000 unknown parameters. The match of reservoir simulator forecasts to real field data using a standard application of EnKF had not been entirely satisfactory, as it was difficult to match water cut in one of the wells. None of the realizations of the reservoir exhibited water breakthrough using the standard method. By adding uncertainty in trends of reservoir properties, the ability to match the water cut and other production data was improved substantially. The results indicate that an improvement in the generation of the initial ensemble and in the variables describing the property fields give an improved history match with plausible geology. It reduces the tendency to underestimate uncertainty while still providing reservoir models that match data.
The use of the Wrld-Wide Web in HEP (1994)

All the major HEP sites and experiments have adopted WWW as either the backbone information system or as a supplement to their existing systems. The state of usage of WWW in the HEP community in Europe and the U.S. is reviewed and the state of the software, the system and the standards are presented. Plans for the future and possible new applications are outlined.
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Developer's Guide (2005)

Developers will discover how to unleash the full power of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 with this developer's guide by best-selling author, Michael Otey. Completely rewritten and reengineered, this book will focus on the new programming models and will provide readers with all the information they need to produce top-quality commercial applications
Table of contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1: The Development Environment
Chapter 2: Developing with T-SQL
Chapter 3: Developing CLR Database Objects
Chapter 4: SQL Server Service Broker
Chapter 5: Developing with Notification Services
Chapter 6: Developing Database Applications with ADO.NET
Chapter 7: Developing with XML
Chapter 8: Developing Database Applications with ADO
Chapter 9: Reporting Services
Chapter 10: SQL Server Integration Services
Chapter 11: Developing BI Applications with ADOMD.NET
Chapter 12: Developing with SMO
Chapter 13: Using sqlcmd
APPENDIX A: SQL PROFILER
INDEX
Recent Developments in Valve Seat Insert Alloys (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">High carbon, high chromium nickel and cobalt base alloys as well as intermetallic compound- type cobalt base alloy are the major valve seat insert (VSI) materials for heavy duty engine applications. Recently, several new valve seat insert alloys were successfully developed to replace these traditional nickel and cobalt base alloys. Experiments indicate that these new alloys provide similar or improved important properties, such as sliding wear resistance and hot hardness, and offer significant cost reduction compared to traditional alloys.</div>
Microlens design using simulation program for CCD image sensor (1992)

The microlens array has been introduced into the charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor to compensate for the low sensitivity level of the sensor. To realize a higher density image sensor, the authors have introduced additional degrees of freedom into the surface profile of the microlens. As a result, they have obtained a high-efficiency microlens which can realize a high-sensitivity level in the sensor. The new simulation program for microlens design is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reflections on the Interface of Treaties and Rules of Procedure: Time for Federal "Long-Arm" Legislation (1994)

J. Dickson Phillips, Paul D. Carrington, Reflections on the Interface of Treaties and Rules of Procedure: Time for Federal "Long-Arm" Legislation, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 57, No. 3, The Hague Conference on Private International Law (Summer, 1994), pp. 153-158
Mineral Changes in a Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Detected by Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (1996)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disease characterized by skeletal deformities and brittle bones. In the current study, the nature of the mineral in long bones of a mouse model of OI (oim/oim, a mutant which produces an alpha 1(I) collagen homotrimer) was examined by Fourier transform infrared microscopy. The mineral:matrix ratio of oim/oim cortical bone was greater than that of the heterozygous oim/+ and of the normal +/+ bones, probably as a result of reduced collagen content. The molecular environments of the apatitic phosphates differed among the oim/oim and the oim/+ and the +/+ bones. This was attributable to several factors, including dissimilar mineral-matrix interactions and differences in the chemical composition of the mineral. It was concluded from these data that the defective collagen matrix leads to abnormal mineral formation at the molecular level and thus results in tissues with reduced mechanical properties.
Iterative receivers for multiuser space-time coding systems (2000)

Space-time coding (STC) techniques, which combine antenna array signal processing and channel coding techniques, are very promising approaches to substantial capacity increase in wireless channels. Multiuser detection techniques are powerful signal processing methodologies for interference suppression in CDMA systems. In this paper, by drawing analogies between a synchronous CDMA system and an STC multiuser system, we study the applications of some multiuser detection methods to STC multiuser systems. Specifically, we show that the so-called "turbo multiuser detection" technique, which performs soft interference cancellation and decoding iteratively, can be applied to STC multiuser systems in flat-fading channels. An iterative multiuser receiver and its projection-based variants are developed for both the space-time block coding (STBC) system and the space-time trellis coding (STTC) system. During iterations, extrinsic information is computed and exchanged between a soft multiuser demodulator and a bank of MAP decoders, to achieve successively refined estimates of the users' signals. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed iterative receiver techniques provide significant performance improvement over conventional noniterative methods in both single-user and multiuser STC systems. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed iterative multiuser receiver approaches that of the iterative single-user receiver in both STBC and STTC systems.
Future development of high-power solid-state laser systems (1983)

The future trends in the development and design of high-power pulsed solid-state laser systems are considered in relation to the laser fusion problem. Attention is concentrated on neodymium-doped glass lasers, but the possibility of using other media, particularly ion-doped crystals, is also discussed. New methods for pumping such systems (both existing and future) are reviewed. Ways and means of tuning the emission wavelengths, methods for increasing the average power, and characteristic features of the design of systems as a whole are also discussed.
Modeling ballistic impact into flexible materials (1990)

The dynamic problem is approximated by a time series of static analysis problems. An algorithm is described wherein in each time step the material properties of the target and the geometry of the deflection cone are derived.An experimental program was performed involving bullets fired at Kevlar 29 fabric targets.
Compiling global name-space parallel loops for distributed execution (1991)

Compiler support required to allow programmers to express their algorithms using a global name-space is discussed. A general method for the analysis of a high-level source program and its translation into a set of independently executing tasks that communicate using messages is presented. It is shown that if the compiler has enough information, the translation can be carried out at compile time; otherwise; run-time code is generated to implement the required data movement. The analysis required in both situations is described, and the performance of the generated code on the Intel iPSC/2 hypercube is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trapping cDNAs encoding secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the malaria vector <i>Anopheles</i> <i>gambiae</i> (1999)

The signal sequence trap method was used to isolate cDNAs corresponding to proteins containing secretory leader peptides and whose genes are expressed specifically in the salivary glands of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Fifteen unique cDNA fragments, ranging in size from 150 to 550 bp, were isolated and sequenced in a first round of immunoscreening in COS-7 cells. All but one of the cDNAs contained putative signal sequences at their 5' ends, suggesting that they were likely to encode secreted or transmembrane proteins. Expression analysis by reverse transcription-PCR showed that at least six cDNA fragments were expressed specifically in the salivary glands. Fragments showing a high degree of similarity to D7 and apyrase, two salivary gland-specific genes previously found in Aedes aegypti, were identified. Of interest, three different D7-related cDNAs that are likely to represent a new gene family were found in An. gambiae. Moreover, three salivary gland-specific cDNA fragments that do not show similarity to known proteins in the databases were identified, and the corresponding full length cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. RNA in situ hybridization to whole female salivary glands showed patterns of expression that overlap only in part those observed in the culicine mosquito A. aegypti.