gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the steady-state and initial rate of doxorubicin efflux from a series of multidrug resistant cells expressing different levels of P-glycoprotein (1992)

Continuous monitoring of fluorescence (CMF) has been used to examine doxorubicin efflux from intact human myeloma cells. The time resolution of these measurements has enabled detailed comparison of the initial rates of efflux for the drug-sensitive myeloma line RPMI 8226 and a series of sequentially derived multidrug-resistant (MDR) lines expressing different amounts of human MDR protein (P-glycoprotein). Cells that are 3-, 10-, 60-, or 120-fold resistant to doxorubicin export approximately 10, 20, 30, or 33% more doxorubicin than the parental sensitive cells, respectively, when all are preloaded to the same level of total intracellular drug. Remarkably, however, when cells are loaded to the same level of exchangeable drug the initial rates of efflux are found to be virtually identical. This agreement between rates is apparently not dependent on the drug concentration. Approximately 50% of the increase in the steady-state level of doxorubicin efflux for the resistant cells is abolished upon glucose starvation. However, surprisingly, the apparent initial rates of efflux from the treated and untreated cells are found to be virtually the same. Pretreatment of the resistant cells with verapamil reduces the steady-state level of efflux but increases the apparent initial rate at some concentrations. Conversely, vincristine does not alter steady state but slows the initial rate of efflux from both sensitive and resistant cells by approximately the same extent. Finally, quite interestingly, a nearly linear relationship between pHi and relative steady state of efflux is found for the series of cell lines. These data are interpreted in terms of existing models for MDR.
Effect of amino acid residues at the cleavable site of substrates on the remarkable activation of thermolysin by salts (1996)

The activity of thermolysin in the hydrolysis of N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-glycyl-L-leucine amide and N-carbobenzoxy-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester is remarkably enhanced in the presence of high concentrations (1-5 M) of neutral salts [Inouye (1992) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 112, 335-340]. In this study, the effect of salts on such activity has been examined using a series of substrates, furylacryloyl dipeptide amides, which have various hydrophobic amino acids at the cleavable bond. Although the enzyme activity varies widely depending on the substrate employed, the degree of activation at a given concentration of NaCl is considerably similar. This indicates that the degree of activation is not dependent on the hydrophobicity of the amino acid side chains at the scissile bond of the substrates. The molecular activity, kcat, and Michaelis constant, Km, were evaluated separately for substrates N[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-L-leucyl-L-alanine amide and N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]L-phenyl-alanyl-L-alanine amide, and the activation was found to be brought about only by an increase in k(cat'). The effectiveness of monovalent cations on the increase of k(cat) was determined to follow the order of Na(+)>K(+)>Li(+).
Establishing a training set through the visual analysis of crystallization trials. Part I: ∼150 000 images (2008)

Structural crystallography aims to provide a three-dimensional representation of macromolecules. Many parts of the multistep process to produce the three-dimensional structural model have been automated, especially through various structural genomics projects. A key step is the production of crystals for diffraction. The target macromolecule is combined with a large and chemically diverse set of cocktails with some leading ideally, but infrequently, to crystallization. A variety of outcomes will be observed during these screening experiments that typically require human interpretation for classification. Human interpretation is neither scalable nor objective, highlighting the need to develop an automatic computer-based image classification. As a first step towards automated image classification, 147,456 images representing crystallization experiments from 96 different macromolecular samples were manually classified. Each image was classified by three experts into seven predefined categories or their combinations. The resulting data where all three observers are in agreement provides one component of a truth set for the development and rigorous testing of automated image-classification systems and provides information about the chemical cocktails used for crystallization. In this paper, the details of this study are presented.
Polyimide stress buffers in IC technology (2002)

A photoimagable polyimide layer which has been evaluated as a stress relief buffer for use with integrated circuits (ICs) packaged in plastic is discussed. The wafer-level overcoat process is manufacturable using available spin coat and develop tracks and is compared to conventional post wirebond die overcoating. Some properties of the polyimide layer, the manufacturing process, and the results achieved on actual commercial products are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A deep neural network based hashing for efficient image retrieval (2016)

Learning valid similarities is a vital problem in hashing methods, especially in large-scale image search. Similarity pertained hashing method is widely used in image retrieval for its high quality compact binary code mapping. The hashing scheme of most existing hashing methods is that the input data is encoded as a vector of visual features and hashed into binary hash codes via projection functions or quantization methods afterward. However, this separated pipeline may prone to lose accurate similarities of images, since the limited compatible domain between visual feature vectors generation and binary codes mapping process. Encouraged by the extraordinary image representation learning ability of deep neural networks in classification, we propose a structure that merges binary code generation process within deep neural networks for efficient image retrieval. The proposed architecture contains two fundamental blocks. The stacked convolution layers of Network In Network with global average pooling compute effective image representation and the embedded latent layer with binary activation functions learn binary hash codes simultaneously. Experiments show that the proposed method gains improvement over several state-of-the-art hashing methods.
Efficacy of the small molecule inhibitor of Lipid II BAS00127538 against Acinetobacter baumannii (2014)

For the first time, a compound that targets Lipid II is described that acts against multi-drug resistant isolates of A. baumannii. The synergy with colistin warrants further lead development of BAS00127538.
Dietary Choline for the Lactating Cow: Possible Effects on Milk Fat Synthesis (1984)

Two experiments with low forage diets tested effects of added dietary choline on milk fat synthesis. In Experiment 1, 18 Holstein cows were in a 12-wk trial. Choline (0, 1.5, and 3 g/kg) was added to the concentrate portion of a 70% concentrate, 30% corn silage diet (dry matter). Treatments were applied in a switchback design with 4-wk experimental periods. Highest choline increased milk fat by .34 percentage units and fat-corrected milk by 2 kg per day over controls. Rumen pH and volatile fatty acids were similar among treatments. Free fatty acids of blood serum were reduced 3.0 mg/100 ml by 3 g/kg choline. In Experiment 2 with four mature Holsteins, choline was added (0, 2, 4, and 6 g/kg concentrate) in 25% corn silage and 75% concentrate diets. Treatments were applied in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Addition of 4 g/kg choline resulted in 3.7 kg/day and .77 percentage unit increases of fat-corrected milk and milk fat percent, respectively, whereas fat-corrected milk and milk fat percent at 6 g/kg were only slightly higher than controls. We hypothesized that choline aided transport of mobilized free fatty acids from adipose tissue through the liver to the mammary gland.
Regional blood flow during exercise in humans measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green (2000)

Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the tracer indocyanine green (ICG), we quantified blood flow in calf muscle and around the Achilles tendon during plantar flexion (1-9 W). For comparison, blood flow in calf muscle was determined by dye dilution in combination with magnetic resonance imaging measures of muscle volume, and, for the peritendon region, blood flow was measured by (133)Xe washout. From rest to a peak load of 9 W, NIRS-ICG blood flow in calf muscle increased from 2.4+/-0.2 to 74+/-5 ml x 100 ml tissue(-1) x min(-1), similar to that measured by reverse dye (77+/-6 ml x 100 ml tissue(-1) x min(-1)). Achilles peritendon blood flow measured by NIRS-ICG rose with exercise from 2.2+/-0.5 to 15.1+/-0.2 ml x 100 ml(-1) x min(-1), which was similar to that determined by (133)Xe washout (2.0+/-0.6 to 14.6+/-0.3 ml x 100 ml tissue(-1) x min(-1)). This is the first study using NIRS and ICG to quantify regional tissue blood flow during exercise in humans. Due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, the technique may be useful for determining regional blood flow distribution and regulation during exercise in humans.
Improving code rate of McEliece's public-key cryptosystem (1989)

A method of improving a code rate of McEliece's public-key cryptosystem is presented. Some information bits are mapped into an artificial error vector to be added to a code-word. The number of information bits is increased by the number of total possible error vectors whose weight is fixed.
<title>Three new phthalocyanines with potential for PDT studies</title> (1992)

The synthesis and characterization of a tetradibenzobarrelenoocta-n-butoxyzinc phthalocyanine, as well as the phthalocyanines t-butyldimethylsiloxy-N(3(beta) -acetoxy-23, 24-dinor-5-cholenoyl)-4-amino-n-butyldimethylsiloxysilicon phthalocyanine and bis- N(3(beta) -acetoxy-23,24-dinor-5-cholenoyl)-4-amino-n-butyldimethylsiloxysilicon phthalocyanine are reported. The zinc phthalocyanine is soluble, open at its center and highly hindered. It has a deep red absorption and a long triplet state lifetime. The silicon phthalocyanines have red absorptions and ligands bearing functions that have a resemblance to a part of the core of the low density lipoprotein fraction of blood serum. The zinc phthalocyanine has the potential to be a good photosensitizer, and the silicon phthalocyanines or related compounds have the potential to be preferentially accumulated by tumor cells. All three compounds are of interest for photodynamic therapy studies.
Detecting and Predicting Performance Degradation Caused by Impaired Cache Isolation (2019)

As the shared last level cache (LLC) in multicore processors has been shown to be a critical resource for system performance, much work has been proposed for improving the quality of service (QoS) and throughput on LLC. Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) and Adaptive Cache Replacement Policies (ACRP) are two of the techniques that are featured in recent Intel processors. CAT implements way partitioning and provides the ability to control the cache space allocation among cores. ACRP works with multiple replacement policies and enables the cache to adapt to the cache replacement policy with less cache misses. In this paper, we first show an interesting finding that ACRP technique can violate the performance isolation provided by CAT. We find the cause for this problem is that the ACRP chooses the cache replacement policy upon the global information even although the cache space partitioning is being enabled by CAT. As the result, the cache/performance isolation can be impaired by the interference on cache replacement policy. To deal with this problem, we propose a low overhead method to predict the worst execution time degradation caused by the replacement policy adaptation. Thus, in the partitioned cache space, if the worst execution time estimated by our method is not beyond the response time required for this program, the QoS for this program can be quaranteed no matter how the cache replacement policies alternate.
<i>In Vivo</i> Visualization of Intracardiac Structures With Gaseous Carbon Dioxide (1956)

Carbon dioxide gas was injected a) intravenously, b) into the left heart, c) into the peripheral end of the carotid artery. Resulting cardiovascular and respiratory changes were observed by cinefluorography and by measurements of pressure pulses in various locations. Blood and respiratory gas changes were also observed. All changes were minimal (seconds duration) when the gas was introduced on the right or left side of the circulation. Injection into the peripheral carotid produced no untoward effects. The gas gave good visualization of valves and great vessels. Body position was not an important factor in mortality and morbidity when carbon dioxide was the gas used for contrast visualization by a cinefluorography x-ray technique. Carbon dioxide is a safe contrast medium to use for in vivo study of intracardiac structures. The gas has been used successfully by intravenous injection in human cases.
Multi-GHz clocking scheme for Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 microprocessor (2002)

This multi-GHz clock generation and distribution scheme enables the NetBurst/sup TM/ micro-architecture of Pentium(R) 4 microprocessor. A low-skew and jitter and low-power solution is achieved for three separate core and I/O bus frequencies for a total of six different clock frequencies running concurrently. A debug-friendly clocking environment provides easy observability, testing, and reconfiguration features, enabling rapid time to market.
Highly Sensitive and Fast Responsive Fluorescence Turn‐On Chemodosimeter for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Its Application in Live Cell Imaging (2008)

A rhodamine B derivative 4 containing a highly electron-rich S atom has been synthesized as a fluorescence turn-on chemodosimeter for Cu(2+). Following Cu(2+)-promoted ring-opening, redox and hydrolysis reactions, comparable amplifications of absorption and fluorescence signals were observed upon addition of Cu(2+); this suggests that chemodosimeter 4 effectively avoided the fluorescence quenching caused by the paramagnetic nature of Cu(2+). Importantly, 4 can selectively recognize Cu(2+) in aqueous media in the presence of other trace metal ions in organisms (such as Fe(3+), Fe(2+), Cu(+), Zn(2+), Cr(3+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), and Ni(2+)), abundant cellular cations (such as Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+)), and the prevalent toxic metal ions in the environment (such as Pb(2+) and Cd(2+)) with high sensitivity (detection limit < or =10 ppb) and a rapid response time (< or =1 min). Moreover, by virtue of the chemodosimeter as fluorescent probe for Cu(2+), confocal and two-photon microscopy experiments revealed a significant increase of intracellular Cu(2+) concentration and the subcellular distribution of Cu(2+), which was internalized into the living HeLa cells upon incubation in growth medium supplemented with 50 muM CuCl(2) for 20 h.
Carbamazepine in the treatment of bulimia (1983)

Of six bulimic outpatients who completed a double-blind crossover trial with carbamazepine, one patient, who had a history suggestive of bipolar disorder, responded dramatically with cessation of binge eating. This supports a possible link in some patients between bulimia and affective illness.
An Actor-Critic Algorithm for Structured Prediction (2016)

We present an approach to training neural networks to generate sequences using actor-critic methods from reinforcement learning (RL). Current log-likelihood training methods are limited by the discrepancy between their training and testing modes, as models must generate tokens conditioned on their previous guesses rather than the ground-truth tokens. We address this problem by introducing a \textit{critic} network that is trained to predict the value of an output token, given the policy of an \textit{actor} network. This results in a training procedure that is much closer to the test phase, and allows us to directly optimize for a task-specific score such as BLEU. Crucially, since we leverage these techniques in the supervised learning setting rather than the traditional RL setting, we condition the critic network on the ground-truth output. We show that our method leads to improved performance on both a synthetic task, and for German-English machine translation. Our analysis paves the way for such methods to be applied in natural language generation tasks, such as machine translation, caption generation, and dialogue modelling.
Adducts formation at fullerenes C60 and C70 dissolution in essential oils (2014)

It was established by the method HPLC-MS with electrospray ionization that in solutions of fullerenes C60 and C70 in some essential oils a chemical reaction occurred leading to adducts of fullerenes with unsaturated terpenes. In the course of time the quantity of the adduct in solution increased and a component originating from addition of two molecules of terpene to a molecule of fullerene is formed. This can be the reason of abnormally high solubility of light fullerenes in mixtures of terpene hydrocarbons.
Regeneration of a spent bleaching earth and its reuse in the refining of an edible oil (2000)

A spent bleaching earth from an edible oil refinery has been regenerated by thermal processing followed by washing with a solution of hydrochloric acid. Optimal regeneration conditions have been controlled by decolorization tests of a degummed and neutralized crude edible oil. Optimal values (temperature: 500 °C, carbonization time: 1 h, HCl concentration: 1 M) gave a material as efficient as a virgin bleaching earth. The percentage uptake of chlorophyll derivatives and β-carotenoids calculated at 410 and 460 nm, are respectively 92.8 and 95% for an oil processed by the regenerated spent bleaching earth, against 77.4 and 92.7% for the same oil processed by a commercial virgin bleaching earth. The results obtained after decolorization of an edible oil with a regenerated spent bleaching earth indicate that during the process, the resultant oil did not undergo any changes in the iodine value, the free fatty acid content and the saponification value. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
CHANGES IN THE EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE JOURNAL (2014)

His research interests include: simulation, modeling and forecasting in energy markets; nonlinear time-series analysis and forecasting using statistical and computational intelligence techniques; and optimization using metaheuristics.On behalf of the faculty council members, I would like to thank,
Peroxynitrite: A Putative Cytotoxin (1998)

In recent years it has become apparent that peroxynitrite, which is one of the toxic metabolites originating from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide presents a number of pathologic states in which free radicals are thought to be involved. Peroxynitrite is capable of oxidizing a wide variety of biomolecules including plasma, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Peroxynitrite is involved in the hydroxylation of aromatic compounds and acts as a nitrating agent. It modifies free or protein-associated tyrosine residues to give nitrotyrosines, leaving a marker detectable in vivo. Peroxynitrite has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases including inflammation, atherosclerosis, arthritis, endotoxemia, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Development of specific peroxynitrite scavengers may provide new approaches for the effective treatment of these disease states.
Semi-Parallel Architectures For Real-time LDPC Coding (2004)

Error correcting codes (ECC) enable the communication systems to have a low-power, reliable transmission over noisy channels. Low Density Parity Check codes are the best known ECC code that can achieve data rates very close to Shannon limit. This thesis presents a semi-parallel architecture for decoding Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. A modified version of Min-Sum algorithm has been used for the decoder, which has the advantage of simpler computations compared to Sum-Product algorithm without any loss in performance. To balance the area time trade-off of the design, a special structure is proposed for the parity-check matrix. An efficient semi-parallel decoder for a family of (3, 6) LDPC codes has been implemented in VHDL for programmable hardware. Simulation results show that our proposed decoder for a block length of 1536 bits can achieve data rates up to 127 Mbps. The design is scalable and reconfigurable for different block sizes.
Relationship Between Blood Fibrinogen Concentration and Pathological Features of Cancer Patients: A 139-case Clinical Study (2007)

Angiogenesis and coagulation are among the most consistent host responses to the presence of a malignant tissue. Pathological angiogenesis and coagulation are often occurred in patients with solid tumors, especially in the occurrence of neoplasm metastasis and as targets for anti-metastatic drugs such as antiangiogenesis agents, coagulation-mediated agents and anticancer drugs. Since fibrinogen (Fib) is the most abundant and key haemostatic protein taking part in angiogenesis and coagulation, its biological and pathophysiological roles in cancer patients are intriguing. To continue foundational and translational research on Fib-related cancer pathogenesis, a phase II survey of 139 patients was carried out at the Central Hospital of Jing-An district and Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. The mean BFC of the cancer patients in this survey was overall about 35-50% greater than that in the normal population. This study showed that the mean BFC was higher in patients with long-distance metastases (N<sub>1</sub>M<sub>1</sub> patients) than in patients with no sign of long-distance metastases (N<sub>0</sub>M<sub>0</sub> patients). Mean BFCs were 4.42 g/L (n= 21) in patients with lung cancer, 4.36 g/L, and in patients with hepatic cancer (n=5), and 4.63 g/L in patients with stomach cancer (n=8), all higher than the average value of the cancer patients overall (4.16 g/L). However, patients with bowel and colon cancers 3.79 g/L (n=16) showed lower than them. BFC levels increased with increasing cancer duration (latency > 1 year). There was a slight decrease in BFC after one or two treatment cycles, but a more marked decrease after surgery. We propose that the BFC level in cancer patients may be influenced by and related to many aspects of cancer progression such as metastatic conditions, tumor origins, patientâs pathological stage and disease latency. As an important first-hand pathologic-therapeutics relationship study, it provides evidence for the potentiality of a new approach of Fib-targeted as individualized cancer chemotherapy and decides the stages such therapeutics may be best applied.
Low-Voltage Class AB Operational Amplifier (2001)

Abstract: This paper presents a CMOS low-voltage operational amplifier, which uses a minimum selector circuit to control the class AB operation of the output stage. The operational amplifier basic characteristics are analyzed and simulated using the SMASH 4.0 simulator with the ACM model of the MOSFET. The supply voltage is 1.5V and the total quiescent current is 4.5 µA for a unity-gain frequency of 1MHz. This design is being integrated on the AMS 0.8 µm CMOS technology. The operational amplifier presented here offers a competitive design choice for low-power low-voltage circuits.