gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FPGA-Based 40.9-Gbits/s Masked AES With Area Optimization for Storage Area Network (2013)

In order to protect “data-at-rest” in storage area networks from the risk of differential power analysis attacks without degrading performance, a high-throughput masked advanced encryption standard (AES) engine is proposed. However, this engine usually adopts the unrolling technique which requires extremely large field programmable gate array (FPGA) resources. In this brief, we aim to optimize the area for a masked AES with an unrolled structure. We achieve this by mapping its operations from to as much as possible. We reduce the number of mapping [ to ] and inverse mapping [ to ] operations of the masked SubBytes step from ten to one. In order to be compatible, the masked MixColumns, masked AddRoundKey, and masked ShiftRows including the redundant masking values are carried over . We also use FPGA block RAM (BRAM) to further reduce hardware resources. Compared with a state-of-the-art design, our implementation reduces the overall area by 36.2% (20.5% is contributed by the main method, and 15.7% is contributed by the BRAM optimization). It achieves 40.9-Gbits/s at 4.5-Mbits/s/slice on the Xilinx XC6VLX240T platform. We have attacked the iterative version of this masked AES in hardware. Results show that none of the bytes can be guessed from the masked AES with the collected 10 000 power traces, but 14 out of 16 bytes can be guessed from the unprotected AES with the same number of traces.
Neural networks at work (1993)

The benefits of neural networks and the types of application for which they are suited are outlined. Four representative applications are described in enough detail to show how they work. They are character recognition, function estimation, financial forecasting, and process control. Factors that have slowed the acceptance of neural networks are discussed. Hardware is briefly considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Huntington’s disease: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of Huntington’s disease (2018)

Neuropsychiatric symptoms can precede the classic motor clinical symptoms of HD (prodromal HD) by decades, and cause significant functional impairment. HD provides key insights and understanding into the organic psychiatric disorders, including contemporary clinical insights into the process of neurodegeneration and manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Semispatial, robust, and accurate phase evaluation algorithm (1995)

A new semispatial, robust, and accurate phase evaluation algorithm for spatial carrier fringe measuring systems is presented, which is a combination of a temporal algorithm and a spatial algorithm in order to use the advantages of both methods. Only two to four frames are needed for operation. A new interlaced detection mode is also presented. Thus the time of data acquisition can be reduced further. Limits are discussed and compared with conventional algorithms. An application of this algorithm with a fringe projection system is described and demonstrated by the measurement of objects with different optical properties. Using this algorithm it is possible to achieve short data-acquisition times of 80 ms in combination with a high vertical resolution. This fact is demonstrated by the measurement of living corneas.
Role of endothelin in mediating neurogenic plasma extravasation in rat dura mater (1996)

In addition to their potent vasoconstrictor properties, the endothelins (endothelin-1 and -3) may possess neurotransmitter/neuromediator and neuroendocrine actions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of endothelins (ET) in mediating neurogenic inflammation of cephalic tissues in the rat. For this purpose, bosentan, a specific non-peptide mixed antagonist of ET receptors, was tested in rat models of neurogenic and non-neurogenic plasma extravasation in the dura mater and extracranial tissues (eyelid, conjunctiva, lip, tongue). Bosentan was effective for preventing neurogenic inflammation in the dura mater induced by unilateral electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion or intravenous injection of capsaicin, whereas it was ineffective in extracranial tissues or after injection of substance P (non-neurogenic inflammation). The effect of nerve fiber stimulation on ET plasma concentrations in superior sagittal sinus was measured using selective radioimmunoassays for ET-1 and -3. Endothelin-3 concentration significantly increased after intravenous injection of capsaicin, whereas ET-1 levels remained unchanged. Competition binding assays on microsomal membranes from the trigeminal ganglion revealed a single class of binding sites with equal affinity for ET-1 and ET-3, suggesting a homogenous population of ETB receptors. The role of ETB receptors in mediating inflammation was evidenced by the lack of efficacy of a selective ETA receptor antagonist, in contrast to the full efficacy of a selective ETB receptor antagonist, for preventing neurogenic inflammation induced by unilateral stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion. The role of ETB receptors was finally confirmed by the observation that exogenous administration of the ETB receptor agonist sarafotoxin S6c also induced plasma protein extravasation in the dura mater. This extravasation was not a direct effect of ETB receptor stimulation, because it was inhibited by spantide, a selective tachykinin receptor antagonist. These data strongly suggest that ET, acting through ETB receptors, may play an important role in mediating neurogenic inflammation in the meninges of rats. Since the profile of activity of bosentan is similar to that of the 5-HT1D/B agonists, sumatriptan and ergot alkaloids, one may speculate that ET receptor antagonists might be potentially effective in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.
Protective Effect of a Thrombin Receptor (Protease-Activated Receptor 1) Gene Polymorphism Toward Venous Thromboembolism (2000)

The human protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) is activated by thrombin at the surface of platelets and endothelial cells, 2 cells that are implicated in hemostasis and thrombosis. We studied the PAR-1 gene in a large case-control study from the Paris Thrombosis Study (PATHROS), and the possible implication of polymorphisms in venous thromboembolism was evaluated. Two polymorphisms were found in the 5' regulatory region. The first is a C to T transition that is 1426 nucleotides upstream from the translation start site (-1426 C/T), and the second is a 13-bp insertion repeating the preceding -506 5'-CGGCCGCGGGAAG-3' sequence (-506 I/D, where I indicates insertion and D indicates deletion), a putative cis-acting element of the Ets family. The third polymorphism is an A to T transversion in the intervening sequence (IVS) that is 14 nucleotides upstream from the exon 2 start site (IVS-14 A/T). The distribution of the 3 polymorphisms was otherwise similar in the 250 cases and the 1214 controls. A noteworthy sex heterogeneity led us to analyze men and women separately with regard to the -506 I/D polymorphism. We found that allele I was less frequent in male cases than in male controls (0.154 versus 0.247, P<0.01), with an odds ratio at 0.52 (95% CI 0. 32 to 0.82, P<0.01). Furthermore, a reduction of prothrombin fragment 1+2 levels was observed in homozygous carriers of allele -506 I (P=0.04). Altogether, these data suggested a protective effect in men of -506 I/D polymorphism for venous thromboembolism.
An accurate low complexity algorithm for frequency estimation in MDCT domain (2008)

This paper addresses the extraction of frequency, amplitude, and phase of sinusoidal components directly from modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain, which is broadly used in many digital audio applications. An efficient method is proposed for portable device based on the approximation of MDCT expression and the simple combinations of local maximum MDCT coefficients. By extracting the frequency and amplitude of a stationary sinusoid, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm produces accurate results with low computational complexity.
Lattice Simulations of Aggregation Funnels for Protein Folding (1999)

A computer model of protein aggregation competing with productive folding is proposed. Our model adapts techniques from lattice Monte Carlo studies of protein folding to the problem of aggregation. However, rather than starting with a single string of residues, we allow independently folding strings to undergo collisions and consider their interactions in different orientations. We first present some background into the nature and significance of protein aggregation and the use of lattice Monte Carlo simulations in understanding other aspects of protein folding. The results of a series of simulation experiments involving simple versions of the model illustrate the importance of considering aggregation in simulations of protein folding and provide some preliminary understanding of the characteristics of the model. Finally, we discuss the value of the model in general and of our particular design decisions and experiments. We conclude that computer simulation techniques developed to study protein folding can provide insights into protein aggregation, and that a better understanding of aggregation may in turn provide new insights into and constraints on the more general protein folding problem.
Exploring<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>Genome Diversity by Using Microarrays (2005)

Lactobacillus plantarum is a versatile and flexible species that is encountered in a variety of niches and can utilize a broad range of fermentable carbon sources. To assess if this versatility is linked to a variable gene pool, microarrays containing a subset of small genomic fragments of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 were used to perform stringent genotyping of 20 strains of L. plantarum from various sources. The gene categories with the most genes conserved in all strains were those involved in biosynthesis or degradation of structural compounds like proteins, lipids, and DNA. Conversely, genes involved in sugar transport and catabolism were highly variable between strains. Moreover, besides the obvious regions of variance, like prophages, other regions varied between the strains, including regions encoding plantaricin biosynthesis, nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In many cases, these variable regions colocalized with regions of unusual base composition. Two large regions of flexibility were identified between 2.70 and 2.85 and 3.10 and 3.29 Mb of the WCFS1 chromosome, the latter being close to the origin of replication. The majority of genes encoded in these variable regions are involved in sugar metabolism. This functional overrepresentation and the unusual base composition of these regions led to the hypothesis that they represented lifestyle adaptation regions in L. plantarum. The present study consolidates this hypothesis by showing that there is a high degree of gene content variation among L. plantarum strains in genes located in these regions of the WCFS1 genome. Interestingly, based on our genotyping data L. plantarum strains clustered into two clearly distinguishable groups, which coincided with an earlier proposed subdivision of this species based on conventional methods.
Predictive-transform space-time processing for airborne MTI radar (2002)

A comprehensive predictive-transform (PT) space-time antenna array processor is presented which optimally integrates two distinct sensor array processing strategies, viz.,optimum multichannel sidelobe cancellation ("prediction") and optimum beamforming ("transformation"). The crux of the technique is the utilization of a multichannel "whitening" model obtained from a previously developed PT signal modeling procedure. As with previous PT applications, such as in coding and estimation, the synergistic effect of the prediction and transformation mechanisms provide additional means for reducing both design and implementation complexity while gradually trading off performance-as measured by the degree of clutter cancellation for the application considered herein. The comprehensive nature of the PT approach is revealed by recognizing that it subsumes, as special cases, such processing strategies as the optimal sidelobe canceller (pure "prediction"), optimal beamformer (pure "transformation"), and other "hybrid" techniques. A new space-time processing architecture is presented which yields substantially better clutter cancellation performance, for the airborne MTI radar problem, over existing hybrid processing strategies, such as single channel optimal MTI followed by optimum beamforming, with only a modest increase in complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of laser heating on the ductile to brittle transition of silicon carbide (2010)

Semiconductors and ceramics, such as silicon carbide, share common characteristics of being nominally hard and brittle, which stems from their covalent chemical bonding and crystal structure. These materials are important in many engineering applications, and are particularly difficult to machine in traditional manufacturing processes due to their extreme hardness and brittleness [1]. Silicon carbide (SiC) has many desirable properties, such as excellent wear resistance, chemical stability, and high strength even at elevated temperatures. All of these properties make it an ideal candidate for tribological, semiconductor, MEMS and optoelectronic applications. In spite of all these characteristics, the difficulty during machining and material removal has been a major obstacle that limits the wider application of this material [1]. The plastic deformation of SiC materials at room temperature is much less than in metals, which means they are more susceptible to fracture during material removal processes. Surface cracks generated during machining are generally subsequently removed in lapping and polishing processes, which significantly increases the machining time and cost. Machining mirror-like surface finishes contribute significantly to the total cost of a part. In some cases, grinding alone can account for 60-90% of the final product cost [2]. In this context, developing a cost effective method to achieve a flawless surface in ultra fine surface machining of an optical lens or mirror has become a challenge. In many engineering applications, products require a high quality surface finish and close tolerances to function properly. This is often the case for products made from semiconductor or ceramic materials. The real challenge is to produce an ultra precision surface finish in these nominally brittle materials at low machining cost.
Coronary stent coatings (1994)

van Beusekom, Heleen M.M.; Serruys, Patrick W.; van der Giessen, Willem J. Author Information
A thiourea‐UV assay for total glucosinolate content in rapeseed meals (1976)

Abstract A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of the total glucosinolate content in rapeseed is described. The method is based on the specific UV absorbance of the thioureas and oxazolidine‐2‐thiones. Results obtained were confirmed by gas‐liquid chromatography. Recoveries varying from 94 to 103% were obtained for samples containing mixtures of isothiocyanate and oxazolidine‐2‐thione (a total of 0.25 to 0.78 mg per assay). The relative stadard deviation for rapeseed meals varied from 4 to 10% for the total glucosinolate content (expressed as 3‐butenylisothiocyanate) and depended on the size of sample taken. The relative standard deviation for oxazolidine‐2‐thione varied from 5 to 35% for the same meal. The lower limit of detection for rapeseed meal is of the order of 0.25 mg of 3‐butenylisothiocyanate per g.
Celecoxib and NS-398 Enhance Photodynamic Therapy by Increasing <i>In vitro</i> Apoptosis and Decreasing <i>In vivo</i> Inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors (2005)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) elicits both apoptotic and necrotic responses within treated tumors and produces microvascular injury leading to inflammation and hypoxia. PDT also induces expression of angiogenic and survival molecules including vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metalloproteinases. Adjunctive administration of inhibitors to these molecules improves PDT responsiveness. In the current study, we examined how the combination of PDT and COX-2 inhibitors improve treatment responsiveness. Photofrin-mediated PDT combined with either celecoxib or NS-398 increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mouse BA mammary carcinoma cells. Immunoblot analysis of protein extracts from PDT-treated cells also showed poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and Bcl-2 degradation, which were further enhanced following combined therapy. Tumor-bearing mice treated with PDT and either celecoxib or NS-398 exhibited significant improvement in long-term tumor-free survival when compared with PDT or COX-2 inhibitor treatments alone. The combined procedures did not increase in vivo tumor-associated apoptosis. Administration of celecoxib or NS-398 attenuated tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor induced by PDT in treated tumors and also decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Increased tumor levels of the antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, were also observed following combined treatment. This study documents for the first time that adjunctive use of celecoxib enhances PDT-mediated tumoricidal action in an in vivo tumor model. Our results also show that administration of COX-2 inhibitors enhance in vitro photosensitization by increasing apoptosis and improve in vivo PDT responsiveness by decreasing expression of angiogenic and inflammatory molecules.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF <font>Si</font><sub>20</sub> FULLERENE AND SOLID <font>Si</font><sub>20</sub> (1996)

The electronic structure of the dodecahedral Si 20 fullerene obtained in the density-functional theory is discussed. In addition, the Si 46 lattice, which is known to be the real geometry of the Si atoms when crystallized with metal atoms, is pointed out to be essentially solid Si 20 , and its geometrical and electronic properties are also discussed. The novel pentagonal bond network in these materials is found to have strong influence on their electronic structure. In the case of Na 2 Ba 6 Si 46 , which is the ideal phase of superconducting-doped solid Si 20 , the high Fermi-level density of states due to the hybridization between the Ba states and the Si 46 conduction-band states is considered to be important for the observed superconductivity.
Smooth stabilization implies coprime factorization (1989)

It is shown that coprime right factorizations exist for the input-to-state mapping of a continuous-time nonlinear system provided that the smooth feedback stabilization problem is solvable for this system. It follows that feedback linearizable systems admit such fabrications. In order to establish the result, a Lyapunov-theoretic definition is proposed for bounded-input-bounded-output stability. The notion of stability studied in the state-space nonlinear control literature is related to a notion of stability under bounded control perturbations analogous to those studied in operator-theoretic approaches to systems; in particular it is proved that smooth stabilization implies smooth input-to-state stabilization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of a Polarizing Michelson Interferometer for Dual Beam Fourier Transform Infrared, Circular Dichroism Infrared, and Reflectance Ellipsometric Infrared Spectroscopies (1981)

The properties of a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer designed around a polarizing Michelson interferometer (PMI) are analyzed with respect to applications in both conventional absorption as well as polarization spectroscopies. The PMI design is that of Martin and Puplett and consists of a metal grid polarizing beam splitter combined with rooftop retromirrors set to rotate the polarization direction in each beam by 90°. If used in conjunction with additional grid polarizers, positioned according to application, the result is an FT-IR instrument that can function both as a dual beam absorption spectrometer and as a polarization spectrometer. Operating in the former mode, the instrument is predicted to achieve speeds comparable to those achievable using a nonpolarizing dual beam Michelson interferometer but to cover a much wider spectral range due to the achromatic nature of metal grid polarizing beam splitters. In the latter mode, it is predicted to give at least double the effective throughput achievable with conventional instruments equipped with external polarization modulating optics, and again to cover a much wider spectral range. It would extend the capability of determining circular dichroism spectra into the far IR (down to ∼3 cm −1 ) for the first time. With the development of a process for forming a metal grid polarizer of fine spacing (∼0.1 μm) on a KBr substrate, the instrument would be capable of covering the spectral range 25 000 to 3 cm −1 or lower using only two beam splitters, i.e., in two ranges: 25 000 to 450 cm −1 using a KBr-supported metal grid, and 600 to 3 cm −1 or less using an unsupported wire grid.
ASSESSING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN FIVE PSYCHIATRIC POPULATIONS: A VALIDATION STUDY (1977)

Data from five psychiatric populations and a community sample are presented on the CES-D, 20-item self-report depression symptom scale developed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies. Results show that the scale is a sensitive tool for detecting depressive symptoms and change in symptoms over time in psychiatric populations, and that it agrees quite well with more lengthy self-report scales used in clinical studies and with clinician interview ratings. Although a symptom scale cannot differentiate between diagnositc groups, the CES-D has demonstrated its validity as a screening tool for detecting depressive symptoms in psychiatric populations.
Lidocaine as a protective agent during pancreas cold ischemia. (2001)

Pancreatic islet transplantation in humans is a promising alternative for substitutive insulin therapy of IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus). Storage of harvested organs is a one of the most important factors, which influence efficacy of islet isolation process. In this sense, appropriate pancreas storage is the main point the successful pancreatic islet isolation. The purpose of the present study was to find out whether lidocaine, a well known membrane stabilizer and PLA2 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor could be applied in pancreas preservation for protection of endo- and exocrine pancreatic tissue from cells damage which occurs during and after storage. For this purpose, the effects of lidocaine on 1) viability and 2) endocrine function of pancreatic islets, isolated from pancreases exposed to cold ischemia, were investigated in this study. Our study showed hat lidocaine, injected intraductally before pancreas harvesting, improves efficacy of islet isolation. We found that the yields of islets in the groups treated with lidocaine were significantly higher when compared with controls. Glucose challenge test performed on these islets indicated that after the treatment with lidocaine, islets were more sensitive to glucose stimulation when compared with control islets, although the metabolic activity estimated by MTT test was comparable in both groups. In summary, donor pretreatment with lidocaine seems to be the safe method of protection of preserved pancreases from cell damage, caused by membranes destruction during cold ischemia.