gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD226 (DNAM-1) Is Involved in Lymphocyte Function–associated Antigen 1 Costimulatory Signal for Naive T Cell Differentiation and Proliferation (2003)

Upon antigen recognition by the T cell receptor, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) physically associates with the leukocyte adhesion molecule CD226 (DNAM-1) and the protein tyrosine kinase Fyn. We show that lentiviral vector-mediated mutant (Y-F322) CD226 transferred into naive CD4+ helper T cells (Ths) inhibited interleukin (IL)-12-independent Th1 development initiated by CD3 and LFA-1 ligations. Moreover, proliferation induced by LFA-1 costimulatory signal was suppressed in mutant (Y-F322) CD226-transduced naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the absence of IL-2. These results suggest that CD226 is involved in LFA-1-mediated costimulatory signals for triggering naive T cell differentiation and proliferation. We also demonstrate that although LFA-1, CD226, and Fyn are polarized at the immunological synapse upon stimulation with anti-CD3 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, lipid rafts are polarized in CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells. Moreover, proliferation initiated by LFA-1 costimulatory signal is suppressed by lipid raft disruption in CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells, suggesting that the LFA-1 costimulatory signal is independent of lipid rafts in CD8+ T cells.
On Modeling Local Search with Special-Purpose Combinatorial Optimization Hardware (2019)

Many combinatorial scientific computing problems are NP-hard which in practice requires using heuristics that either decompose a large-scale problem and solve many smaller local subproblems in parallel or iteratively improve the solution by local processing for sufficiently many steps to achieve a good quality/performance trade-off. These subproblems are NP-hard by themselves and the quality of their solution that depends on the subproblem size vitally affects the global solution of the entire problem. As we approach the physical limits predicted by Moore’s law, a variety of specialized combinatorial optimization hardware (such as adiabatic quantum computers, CMOS annealers, and optical parametric oscillators) is emerging to tackle specialized tasks in different domains. Many researchers anticipate that in the near future, these devices will be hybridized with high-performance computing systems to tackle large-scale problems which will open a door for the next breakthrough in performance of the combinatorial scientific computing algorithms. Most of these devices solve the Ising combinatorial optimization model that can represent many fundamental combinatorial scientific computing models. In this paper, we tackle the main challenges of problem size and precision limitation that the Ising hardware model typically suffers from. Although, our demonstration uses one of these novel devices, the models we propose can be generally used in any local search and refinement solvers that are broadly employed in combinatorial scientific computing algorithms.
Arc-fusion splicing of single-mode fibers 3: A highly efficient splicing technique (1984)

A highly efficient splicing technique for single-mode fibers is investigated. Several techniques are presented for realizing both a highly precise splice loss estimation and excellent working efficiency. The techniques markedly simplify the splice procedure and improve working efficiency. A monitoring length of 60 km, a splice loss measurement accuracy of ±0.01 dB, a fusion splice time of 2.5 min, and an average splice loss of 0.04 dB are satisfactorily achieved in laboratory experiments.
A Privilege Mechanism for {UNIX} System V Release 4 Operating Systems (1992)

Any multi-user, multi-tasking operating system, such as the LINIX SVR4 Operating System, must provide protection mechanisms that prohibit one user from interfering with another user, or limit the execution of certain system operations that affect critical system resources. These protection mechanisms must also provide the ability to override these restrictions, cornmonly referred to as privilege. For over twenty years, UNIX-based operating systems have had one such privilege, called &quot;root &quot; or &quot;super-user &quot; which is signified by ã process whose effective user ID is 0. The &quot;super-user &quot; has the ability to override the restrictions imposed by these protection mechanisms. In the UNIX System V Release 4 Enhanced Security product this single, omnipotent, privilege is divided into a set of discrete privileges designed to assure that sensitive system services execute with the minimum amount of privilege required to perform the desired task. This paper describes the privilege control mechanism implemented as part of the IINIX System V Release 4.1 Enhanced Security (SVR4.lES) product. The SVR4.1ES privilege control mechanism separates the privilege mechanism from the access control mechanism, it provides for fine grained control over sensitive operation access by users, and it controls the propagation of privilege from one process to another. Our goals also include accommodating multiple privilege control mechanisms within the UNIX System V kernel. These privilege mechanisms can be &quot;plugged &quot; into the kernel through well defined interfaces, much the &apos; same way as UNIX file systems are currently added to the kernel. Introduction modifications. This paper describes the kernel inter-The granularity of rhe,,root,,privilege is too l::t:&quot;:l]&quot;ts we defined that are required to support coarse for-a system that dictares nnå granitarity-ìi l[^:&quot;,1&quot;:pt of separate.-privilege modules &apos; It also the assignmení of privitege and rhe abiñty to
Excitatory Actions of GABA after Neuronal Trauma (1996)

GABA is the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. By opening Cl- channels, GABA generally hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, decreases neuronal activity, and reduces intracellular Ca2+ of mature neurons. In the present experiment, we show that after neuronal trauma, GABA, both synaptically released and exogenously applied, exerted a novel and opposite effect, depolarizing neurons and increasing intracellular Ca2+. Different types of trauma that were effective included neurite transection, replating, osmotic imbalance, and excess heat. The depolarizing actions of GABA after trauma increased Ca2+ levels up to fourfold in some neurons, occurred in more than half of the severely injured neurons, and was long lasting (>1 week). The mechanism for the reversed action of GABA appears to be a depolarized Cl- reversal potential that results in outward rather than inward movement of Cl-, as revealed by gramicidin-perforated whole-cell patch-clamp recording. The consequent depolarization and resultant activation of the nimodipine sensitive L- and conotoxin-sensitive N-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channel allows extracellular Ca2+ to enter the neuron. The long-lasting capacity to raise Ca2+ may give GABA a greater role during recovery from trauma in modulating gene expression, and directing and enhancing outgrowth of regenerating neurites. On the negative side, by its depolarizing actions, GABA could increase neuronal damage by raising cytosolic Ca2+ levels in injured cells. Furthermore, the excitatory actions of GABA after neuronal injury may contribute to maladaptive signal transmission in affected GABAergic brain circuits.
Control architecture for a tail-sitter unmanned air vehicle (2004)

This paper details the control and guidance architecture for the T-wing tail-sitter unmanned air vehicle, (UAV). The T-wing is a vertical take off and landing (VTOL) UAV that is capable of both wing-born horizontal flight and propeller born vertical mode flight including hover and descent. During low-speed vertical flight the T-wing uses propeller wash over its aerodynamic surfaces to effect control. At the lowest level, the vehicle uses a mixture of classical and LQR controllers for angular rate and translational velocity control. These low-level controllers are directed by a series of proportional guidance controllers for the vertical, horizontal and transition flight modes that allow the vehicle to achieve autonomous waypoint navigation. The control design for the T-wing is complicated by the large differences in vehicle dynamics between vertical and horizontal flight; the difficulty of accurately predicting the low-speed vehicle aerodynamics; and the basic instability of the vertical flight mode. This paper considers the control design problem for the T-wing in light of these factors. In particular it focuses on the integration of all the different types and levels of controllers into a full flight-vehicle control system.
Manipulation of coherent Stokes light by transient stimulated Raman scattering in gas filled hollow-core PCF (2009)

Transient stimulated Raman scattering is investigated in methane-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Using frequency-chirped ps-pulses at 1.06 microm as pump and tunable CW-radiation as Stokes seed, the vibrational excitation of the CH(4) molecules can be controlled on the sub T(2) time-scale. In this way the generated Stokes pulse can be phase-locked to the pump pulse and its spectrum manipulated.
Fuel Distribution Effects on Pulse Detonation Engine Operation and Performance (2006)

The validity and accuracy of performance measurements for pulse detonation engines depend on the ability to accurately measure thrust and fuel mass flow rates during system operation. Experimental tests have revealed that when fuel mass flow rates are calculated by conventional mass metering methods, incorrect values of the aggregate fuel mass in the combustor will often be calculated due to inaccurate assumptions regarding the spatial fuel distribution. The difficulty in predicting the actual fuel distribution affects the ability to achieve reliable detonations for successful operation and introduces inaccuracies directly into the performance calculations. Tunable diode laser and absorption spectroscopy techniques have been applied to provide time-resolved fuel mass fraction measurements and improve the fidelity of the specific impulse calculations. Results show that stratified fuel distributions that begin near stoichiometric at the forward end of the combustor and gradually become fuel lean near the combustor exit produce substantially higher specific impulse values than axially uniform fuel distributions with the same amount of aggregate fuel due to the ability to reliably detonate while operating at an overall lean condition. Axially uniform fuel distributions at the same average equivalence ratio demonstrated lower detonability and accordingly had lower thrust and specific impulse values. Nomenclature c = local sonic velocity F = thrust force Ispf = fuel-based specific impulse _m = mass flow rate p = pressure T = temperature u = axial velocity Vdet = detonation velocity x = axial position = detonation cell size = equivalence ratio Subscripts a = air f = fuel ifuel = initiator fuel pfuel = primary fuel O2 = initiator auxiliary oxygen I.
Complex Compounds of Biguanides and Guanylureas with Metallic Elements. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTComplex Compounds of Biguanides and Guanylureas with Metallic Elements.Priyadaranjan RayCite this: Chem. Rev. 1961, 61, 4, 313–359Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60212a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60212a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1203Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxygen complexes of nickel and palladium. Formation, structure, and reactivities (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen complexes of nickel and palladium. Formation, structure, and reactivitiesSeinosuke Otsuka, Akira Nakamura, and Yoshitaka TatsunoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 25, 6994–6999Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01053a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01053a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1131Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Converging PET and fMRI evidence for a common area involved in human focal epilepsies (2011)

Our findings of cerebral blood flow and GABAergic changes, irrespective of where interictal or ictal activity occurs in the cortex, suggest that this area of the human primary olfactory cortex may be an attractive new target for epilepsy therapy, including neurosurgery, electrical stimulation, and focal drug delivery.
Protein Lipid Overlay Assay (2002)

The Protein Lipid Overlay (PLO) assay enables the identification of the lipid ligands with which lipid binding proteins interact. This assay also provides qualitative information on the relative affinity with which a protein binds to a lipid. In the PLO assay, serial dilutions of different lipids are spotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane to which they attach. These membranes are then incubated with a lipid binding protein possessing an epitope tag. The membranes are washed and the protein, still bound to the membrane by virtue of its interaction with lipid(s), is detected by immunoblotting with an antibody recognizing the epitope tag. This procedure requires only a few micrograms of protein and is quicker and cheaper to perform than other methods that have been developed to assess protein-lipid interactions. The reagents required for the PLO assay are readily available from commercial sources and the assay can be performed in any laboratory, even by those with no prior expertise in this area.
Novel Germanium-Based Magnetic Semiconductors (2003)

Epitaxial synthesis and properties of novel Co and Mn-doped Ge magnetic semiconductors were studied. Epitaxial growth of high quality films with high doping concentrations has been stabilized by the use of two dopants. The magnetic and transport properties of the system exhibit high T(C) and large magnetoresistance effects that can be controlled systematically by the doping concentration. The maximum T(C) achieved in the semiconducting materials is approximately 270 K at a composition of Co0.12Mn0.03Ge0.85.
Concise and Highly Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin and Its Congeners Using Dioxanylpiperidene, a Promising Chiral Building Block (2003)

[reaction: see text] A concise and stereoselective synthesis of the chiral building block, dioxanylpiperidene 4 as a precursor for deoxyazasugars, starting from the Garner aldehyde 5 using catalytic ring-closing metathesis (RCM) for the construction of the piperidine ring is described. The asymmetric synthesis of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin and its congeners 1-3 was carried out via the use of 4 in a highly stereocontrolled mode.
Modeling spatial distribution of the unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis (1998)

This paper discusses the spatial distribution patterns of the various species of the Unionid mussels as functions of their respective life-cycle characteristics. Computer simulations identify two life-cycle characteristics as major factors governing the abundance of a species, namely the movement range of their fish hosts and the success rate of the parasitic larval glochidia in finding fish hosts. Core mussels species have fish hosts with large movement range to disperse the parasitic larval glochidia to achieve high levels of abundance. Species associated with fish host of limited movement range require high success rate of finding fish host to achieve at least an intermediate level of abundance. Species with low success rate of finding fish hosts coupled with fish hosts having limited movement range exhibit satellite species characteristics, namely rare in numbers and sparse in distributions.
NAD(P)H Oxidase–Derived Superoxide Mediates Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Adhesion (2001)

Experimental animals placed on a high-cholesterol diet for 2 or more weeks exhibit an inflammatory response in postcapillary venules. The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether superoxide mediates the hypercholesterolemia-induced inflammatory response and (2) whether leukocyte and/or vessel wall NAD(P)H oxidase contributes to this response. Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in cremasteric postcapillary venules of wild-type (WT) mice, CuZn-superoxide dismutase transgenic (SOD TgN) mice, and mice heterozygous (p47(phox)+/-) or homozygous (p47(phox)-/-) for NAD(P)H oxidase placed on either a normal diet or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 2 weeks. The number of adherent and emigrated leukocytes in postcapillary venules of WT HCD mice was significantly higher than that detected in venules of their normal-diet counterparts. However, the HCD-induced recruitment of adherent and emigrated leukocytes was not observed in SOD TgN mice. Whereas hypercholesterolemic p47(phox)+/- and WT mice exhibited similar inflammatory responses, p47(phox)-/- mice did not. Bone marrow chimeras were developed to selectively delete p47(phox) from either the vessel wall or circulating leukocytes. Whereas WT marrow transplanted into WT mice produced a normal inflammatory response of venules to HCD, chimeric mice with p47(phox) deficiency in either the vessel wall or leukocytes exhibited an attenuated inflammatory response to HCD that was comparable with that observed in p47(phox)-/- HCD mice. Our findings indicate that enhanced superoxide production is a critical event that initiates the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in postcapillary venules of HCD mice. NAD(P)H oxidase appears to be an important source of this superoxide.
Interaction of plasma proteins with artificial surfaces: protein adsorption isotherms. (1978)

A.K. Naghdi's [1] closed-form Green's function for a semicircular plate, clamped around the curved edge and simply supported along its diameter, is re-derived by the method of images.
A survey of geocast routing protocols (2004)

Geocasting is the delivery of a message to nodes within a geographical region. With geocast, new services and applications are feasible, such as finding friends who are nearby, geographic advertising, and accident or wrong-way driver warning on a motorway. In this article we present a survey on geocast routing protocols. The protocols mainly differ in whether they are based on flooding, directed flooding, or on routing without flooding, and whether they are suitable for ad hoc networks or for infrastructure networks. Based on these criteria we propose a classification of geocast protocols. Our protocol comparison includes message and memory complexity, robustness, and the ability to deliver geocast packets in partially partitioned networks. Finally, we present simulations to compare the approaches based on flooding, directed flooding, and routing without flooding.
Veriable Partial Sharing of Integer Factors (1999)

It is not known to date how to partially share the factors of an integer (e.g., an RSA modulus) with veriability. We construct such a scheme on exploitation of a signicantly lowered complexity for factoring n = pq using a non-trivial factor of (n). Partial key escrow purports to add a great deal of diculty to mass privacy intrusion which is possible in ordinary key escrow with abusive authorities while preserving the property of an ordinary escrowed cryptosystem in targeting small number of criminals. In partial key a portion of an individual's private key with an agreed and proved size will not be in escrow. Key recovery requires a non-trivial eort to determine the missing part. A partial key escrow scheme must render that the determination of the missing key part will only be possible after recovery of the key part which is in escrow (usually with a set of distributed agents who are collectively trusted to share the escrowed key part). If the miss- ing part can be determined before, or without taking, a prescribed key recovery procedure, then o-line pre-computations can be employed for nding the miss- ing part and this can be done in a massive scale with many or all users targeted. This constitutes a so-called prematured key recovery attack: the missing key part is not really missing and the whole private key of each user can be made available right after recovery of the escrowed key part. The eect of partial key escrow is thereby nullied and the scenario of mass privacy intrusion can still be assumed just as the case of an ordinary key escrow scheme. In their recent work \Veriable partial key escrow, Bellare and Goldwasser (1) discussed scenarios of prematured key recovery attacks. Thus, a necessary step in veriable partial key escrow is for a key owner to prove that a private key contains a hidden number which will not be in escrow and has an agreed size. To discover this number requires rst to recover the escrowed part of the private key, and only after that recovery can an exhaustive search procedure be lunched to determine the missing number. The cost of the search will be a well-understood problem given the proved size of the missing number. The previous veriable partial key escrow scheme of Bellare and Goldwasser (1) was proposed for discrete logarithm based cryptosystems. In that realization,