gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioenergy and African transformation (2015)

Among the world's continents, Africa has the highest incidence of food insecurity and poverty and the highest rates of population growth. Yet Africa also has the most arable land, the lowest crop yields, and by far the most plentiful land resources relative to energy demand. It is thus of interest to examine the potential of expanded modern bioenergy production in Africa. Here we consider bioenergy as an enabler for development, and provide an overview of modern bioenergy technologies with a comment on application in an Africa context. Experience with bioenergy in Africa offers evidence of social benefits and also some important lessons. In Brazil, social development, agricultural development and food security, and bioenergy development have been synergistic rather than antagonistic. Realizing similar success in African countries will require clear vision, good governance, and adaptation of technologies, knowledge, and business models to myriad local circumstances. Strategies for integrated production of food crops, livestock, and bioenergy are potentially attractive and offer an alternative to an agricultural model featuring specialized land use. If done thoughtfully, there is considerable evidence that food security and economic development in Africa can be addressed more effectively with modern bioenergy than without it. Modern bioenergy can be an agent of African transformation, with potential social benefits accruing to multiple sectors and extending well beyond energy supply per se. Potential negative impacts also cut across sectors. Thus, institutionally inclusive multi-sector legislative structures will be more effective at maximizing the social benefits of bioenergy compared to institutionally exclusive, single-sector structures.
Acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease. (1980)

Abstract Increased acid phosphatase activity in the serum and tissues of patients with Gaucher's disease has now been recognized for two decades, but as yet no relation has been established between the enzyme and the etiology and progress of the disease. Here, we review results obtained by various investigators, ranging from a consideration of the methods used for the evaluation of serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease to the most recent findings regarding the purification and characterization of two acid phosphatase isoenzymes from the spleen from patients with Gaucher's disease. We also discuss the intracellular location of tissue acid phosphatase in patients with Gaucher's disease and its contribution to the increased activity in serum.
Immunopharmacological actions of the new antiallergic drug butyl 3'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)oxanilate. 3rd communication: inhibitory effects on histamine release from lung fragments, Schultz-Dale reaction in isolated tracheal muscle and experimental asthma in guinea pigs. (1988)

The inhibitory effects of butyl 3'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) oxanilate (WP-833), a new antiallergic drug, on histamine release from lung fragments, Schultz-Dale (SD) reaction in isolated tracheal muscle and experimental asthma were investigated in guinea pigs passively sensitized with homologous immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum. WP-833 dose-dependently inhibited antigen-induced histamine release from lung fragments. In addition, synergism as to inhibition of histamine release was observed with a combination of WP-833 and isoprenaline but not with that of WP-833 and theophylline. WP-833 also inhibited antigen-mediated SD reaction of isolated tracheal muscle without showing antagonistic actions upon histamine- and leukotriene D4-induced contraction of normal tracheal muscle. Experimental asthma was clearly inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by oral administration of WP-833.
Automatic Segmentation of Rotational X-Ray Images for Anatomic Intra-Procedural Surface Generation in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures (2009)

Since the introduction of 3-D rotational X-ray imaging, protocols for 3-D rotational coronary artery imaging have become widely available in routine clinical practice. Intra-procedural cardiac imaging in a computed tomography (CT)-like fashion has been particularly compelling due to the reduction of clinical overhead and ability to characterize anatomy at the time of intervention. We previously introduced a clinically feasible approach for imaging the left atrium and pulmonary veins (LAPVs) with short contrast bolus injections and scan times of ~ 4-10 s. The resulting data have sufficient image quality for intra-procedural use during electro-anatomic mapping (EAM) and interventional guidance in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures. In this paper, we present a novel technique to intra-procedural surface generation which integrates fully-automated segmentation of the LAPVs for guidance in AF ablation interventions. Contrast-enhanced rotational X-ray angiography (3-D RA) acquisitions in combination with filtered-back-projection-based reconstruction allows for volumetric interrogation of LAPV anatomy in near-real-time. An automatic model-based segmentation algorithm allows for fast and accurate LAPV mesh generation despite the challenges posed by image quality; relative to pre-procedural cardiac CT/MR, 3-D RA images suffer from more artifacts and reduced signal-to-noise. We validate our integrated method by comparing (1) automatic and manual segmentations of intra-procedural 3-D RA data, (2) automatic segmentations of intra-procedural 3-D RA and pre-procedural CT/MR data, and (3) intra-procedural EAM point cloud data with automatic segmentations of 3-D RA and CT/MR data. Our validation results for automatically segmented intra-procedural 3-D RA data show average segmentation errors of (1) ~ 1.3 mm compared with manual 3-D RA segmentations (2) ~ 2.3 mm compared with automatic segmentation of pre-procedural CT/MR data and (3) ~ 2.1 mm compared with registered intra-procedural EAM point clouds. The overall experiments indicate that LAPV surfaces can be automatically segmented intra-procedurally from 3-D RA data with comparable quality relative to meshes derived from pre-procedural CT/MR.
Air Pollution and Child Respiratory Health (2005)

This study found strong and consistent associations between outdoor air pollution and short-term increases in childhood hospital admissions. A number of different pollutants showed significant associations, and these were distinct from any temperature (warm or cool) effects.
Biocompatibility study of a biological tissue fixed with a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent (1998)

A recognized disadvantage of the currently available chemical reagents used to fix bioprostheses is the potential toxic effects a recipient may be exposed to from residues. It is therefore desirable to provide a crosslinking reagent that is of low cytotoxicity and can form stable and biocompatible crosslinked products. To achieve this goal, a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent-genipin-was used by our group to fix biological tissues. Genipin can be obtained from its parent compound geniposide, which can be isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS. In our previous feasibility study, it was found that the cytotoxicity of genipin is significantly lower than both glutaraldehyde and an epoxy compound. Additionally, it was shown that genipin can form stable crosslinked products. The present study further investigates the biocompatibility of a genipin-fixed porcine pericardium implanted subcutaneously in a growing rat model. The fresh, glutaraldehyde-, and epoxy-fixed counterparts were used as controls. It was noted that the inflammatory reaction of the genipin-fixed tissue was significantly less than its glutaraldehyde- and epoxy-fixed counterparts. Also, the genipin-fixed tissue has tensile strength and resistance against in vivo degradation comparable to the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. Additionally, the calcium content of the genipin-fixed tissue measured throughout the entire course of the study was minimal. Nevertheless, further study in calcification for the genipin-fixed tissue should be conducted in a blood-contact environment. The results obtained in this subcutaneous study indicate that genipin is a promising crosslinking reagent for biological tissue fixation. However, further durability testing in vitro and in vivo are needed to determine the relative functional merits of this new crosslinker.
Repeated fed‐batch culture of hybridoma cells in nutrient‐fortified high‐density medium (1993)

Long-term high-density cultivation of the hybridoma 2c3.1 was successfully carried out in a repeated fed-batch mode using high-density media that were constructed to meet in vitro cell growth limitations. The high-density culture was possible in a range of 0.5 approximately 1.0 x 10(7) cells/mL in MBRI 40-02 medium for over 2500 h by the repeated supplementation of the most fortified medium, MBRI 40-03, and consequently, distinct enhancement of MAb production was achieved. MAb concentrations were maintained around 1 g/L for about 1000 h of the process and the maximum MAb concentration was around 1.56 g/L. The result supported strongly the fact that the nutritional fortification was the most critical factor for high-density cell culture in vitro. The mean chromosome number of the hybridoma 2c3.1 was maintained stably for about 1500 h, whereas gradual loss of the MAb activity was apparent during the long-term cultivation.
An Experimental Study of Turbulent Diffusion of Drag-Reducing Polymer Additives (1971)

An experimental study of the mechanics of turbulent diffusion when uniformly injecting a drag-reducing polymer solution through a wall adjacent to a fully developed pipe flow of water is described. Experimental diffusion data were obtained using very low injection rates in a porous wall pipe test section designed on the basis of a prior theoretical diffusion analysis with uniform injection. The drag-reducing effectiveness of the polymer only in the wall region, discovered previously, is substantiated by detailed concentration profile, velocity profile and wall shear stress data. These data indicate that an increase in the viscous sublayer thickness is accompanied by an increase in the diffusion sublayer thickness for uniform drag-reducing polymer injection. Also, uniform polymer injection at the wall appeared to somewhat inhibit the turbulent diffusion away from the wall. This type of injection provided drag reduction with a much smaller supply of polymer than required to raise the concentration throughout the shear layer to the same drag-reducing level. (Author)
Second-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systems (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecond-order nonlinearity in poled-polymer systemsDonald M. Burland, Robert D. Miller, and Cecilia A. WalshCite this: Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 1, 31–75Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00025a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00025a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3059Altmetric-Citations1270LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Foliar Biophenolic Antioxidant Metabolites of Alternanthera bettzickiana (2014)

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of DDT to DDD in Soil (1967)

DDT labeled with carbon-14 was added to soil, and the mixture was incubated anaerobically for 2 weeks and 4 weeks. DDT and seven possible decomposition products were separated by thin-layer chromatography, and the radioactivity of material from individual spots was determined by liquid scintillation. The DDT was dechlorinated by soil microorganisms to DDD, and only traces of other degradation products were detected. No degradation of DDT was detected in sterile soil.
Cadherins and associated proteins. (1992)

Cadherins comprise a family of cell surface, calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoproteins widely distributed in developing and mature multicellular organisms. Here we show that three distinct cadherins, (E-, P-, and N-cadherin) associate with a group of non-cadherin-related proteins, termed catenins, postulated to link cadherins to the actin-based cytoskeleton. We present evidence that the catenin repertoire is identical when different members of the cadherin family are isolated from the same cell and similar, but distinct, when isolated from different cell types and different organisms. The association of catenins with cadherins is not dependent upon cadherin assuming its calcium-dependent conformation and appears to occur prior to expression of mature, functional cadherin at the cell surface.
HaPPy: hyperthread-aware power profiling dynamically (2014)

Quantifying the power consumption of individual appli-cations co-running on a single server is a critical compo-nent for software-based power capping, scheduling, and provisioning techniques in modern datacenters. How-ever, with the proliferation of hyperthreading in the last few generations of server-grade processor designs, the challenge of accurately and dynamically performing this power attribution to individual threads has been signifi-cantly exacerbated. Due to the sharing of core-level re-sources such as functional units, prior techniques are not suitable to attribute the power consumption between hy-perthreads sharing a physical core. In this paper, we present a runtime mechanism that quantifies and attributes power consumption to individ-ual jobs at fine granularity. Specifically, we introduce a hyperthread-aware power model that differentiates be-tween the states when both hardware threads of a core are in use, and when only one thread is in use. By capturing these two different states, we are able to accurately at-tribute power to each logical CPU in modern servers. We conducted experiments with several Google production workloads on an Intel Sandy Bridge server. Compared to prior hyperthread-oblivious model, HaPPy is substan-tially more accurate, reducing the prediction error from 20.5 % to 7.5 % on average and from 31.5 % to 9.4 % in the worst case. 1
Differentiation of naive human CD4+ T cells into Th2 cells: The role of prostaglandin E2 (1999)

T-helper (Th) 2 cells, which produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 upon stimulation of their T cell receptors, play an important role in the development of human allergic diseases. However, the precise mechanism involved in the differentiation of Th2 cells is not well understood compared with that of Th1 cells. The selective differentiation of Th1 or Th2 subsets is established during priming under the influence of a variety of factors. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of those factors. Prostaglandin E2 produced by antigen presenting cells directly affects the naive CD4+ T cells, causing them to differentiate into Th2 cells. This effect is mediated by the elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at the early stage of T cell activation. IL-4 and PGE2 lead naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells cooperatively, by distinct signal transduction. Both PGE2 and IL-4 inhibit the hypomethylation of the proximal regulatory regions of the genomic IFN-γ gene, whose hypomethylation has been suggested as being important for the IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells stimulated through their antigen receptors. Prostaglandin E2 facilitates Th2 differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells by acting not only on T cells directly but also on antigen presenting cells by inhibiting their IL-12 production. The production of PGE2 by monocytes is increased significantly in allergic patients. These results, taken collectively, suggest that PGE2 plays an important role in facilitating the differentiation of Th2 cells in vivo.
Diverse genetic error modes constrain large-scale bio-based production (2018)

A transition toward sustainable bio-based chemical production is important for green growth. However, productivity and yield frequently decrease as large-scale microbial fermentation progresses, commonly ascribed to phenotypic variation. Yet, given the high metabolic burden and toxicities, evolutionary processes may also constrain bio-based production. We experimentally simulate large-scale fermentation with mevalonic acid-producing Escherichia coli. By tracking growth rate and production, we uncover how populations fully sacrifice production to gain fitness within 70 generations. Using ultra-deep (>1000×) time-lapse sequencing of the pathway populations, we identify multiple recurring intra-pathway genetic error modes. This genetic heterogeneity is only detected using deep-sequencing and new population-level bioinformatics, suggesting that the problem is underestimated. A quantitative model explains the population dynamics based on enrichment of spontaneous mutant cells. We validate our model by tuning production load and escape rate of the production host and apply multiple orthogonal strategies for postponing genetically driven production declines.
Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Five-Layer Asymmetric Coupled Quantum Well (FACQW) (2002)

The five-layer asymmetric coupled quantum well (FACQW) is a new potential-tailored quantum well (QW) that is promising for ultrafast and ultralow-voltage optical modulators and switches. We succeeded in fabricating GaAs/AlGaAs FACQW with monolayer accuracy by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method by monitoring reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) specular beam intensity oscillation. Photoabsorption current measurements of the FACQW sample showed good agreement with theoretical results, and a potential for much lower voltage operation. In addition, we studied the growth sequences of GaAs/AlGaAs QWs in the migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) method in order to fabricate the FACQW with steeper and flatter heterointerfaces. The sequence of supplying materials for Al0.3Ga0.7As growth, on which there is no report, was modified and optimized, and the QWs of higher quality were obtained at a growth temperature of 490°C using the optimized sequence. The results of photoluminescence measurements show that the MEE method modified as mentioned above is a promising growth technique for the fabrication of FACQWs of higher quality.
Active and passive immunization in the extremely preterm infant (2005)

Based on the available evidence it not possible to propose vaccine and immunoglobulin administration practice for extremely premature or very low weight newborn babies that is definitive. With rare exceptions however, such as the BCG vaccine, the tendency is to maintain the same active immunization program as for babies born full term, irrespective of weight or gestational age at birth. Passive immunization merits special attention, having more liberal indications in this group of newborn babies.
Synaptic Plasticity, Dementia and Alzheimer Disease (2017)

Neuroplasticity is not only shaped by learning and memory but is also a mediator of responses to neuron attrition and injury (compensatory plasticity). As an ongoing process it reacts to neuronal cell activity and injury, death, and genesis, which encompasses the modulation of structural and functional processes of axons, dendrites, and synapses. The range of structural elements that comprise plasticity includes long-term potentiation (a cellular correlate of learning and memory), synaptic efficacy and remodelling, synaptogenesis, axonal sprouting and dendritic remodelling, and neurogenesis and recruitment. Degenerative diseases of the human brain continue to pose one of biomedicine's most intractable problems. Research on human neurodegeneration is now moving from descriptive to mechanistic analyses. At the same time, it is increasing apparently that morphological lesions traditionally used by neuropathologists to confirm post-mortem clinical diagnosis might furnish us with an experimentally tractable handle to understand causative pathways. Consider the aging-dependent neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is characterised at the neuropathological level by deposits of insoluble amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in extracellular plaques and aggregated tau protein, which is found largely in the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. We now appreciate that mild cognitive impairment in early AD may be due to synaptic dysfunction caused by accumulation of non-fibrillar, oligomeric Aβ, occurring well in advance of evident widespread synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Soluble Aβ oligomers can adversely affect synaptic structure and plasticity at extremely low concentrations, although the molecular substrates by which synaptic memory mechanisms are disrupted remain to be fully elucidated. The dendritic spine constitutes a primary locus of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. These structures protruding from dendritic shafts undergo dynamic changes in number, size and shape in response to variations in hormonal status, developmental stage, and changes in afferent input. It is perhaps not unexpected that loss of spine density may be linked to cognitive and memory impairment in AD, although the underlying mechanism(s) remain uncertain. This article aims to present a critical overview of current knowledge on the bases of synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on AD, and will cover amyloid- and nonamyloid- driven mechanisms. We will consider also emerging data dealing with potential therapeutic approaches for ameliorating the cognitive and memory deficits associated with these disorders.
On-Chip Circuit for Measuring Data Jitter in the Time or Frequency Domain (2007)

An on-chip data jitter measurement circuit in 0.11-μm CMOS is demonstrated. It utilizes a data-to-clock converter, pulse generators, and an integrator followed by a sample-&-hold. The circuit outputs a data jitter waveform in real-time, and doesn't require a reference clock. Its measurement linearity is 11 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> V/ps with an error of 1.56 ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</sub> for a 2.5 Gbps 7-stage PRBS.