gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Ab initio</i>analysis of frequency selective surfaces based on conventional and complementary split ring resonators (2005)

Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) made up of periodic arrays of split ring resonators (SRRs) are analysed. This analysis includes complementary screens, or complementary SRR-FSSs (CSRR-FSSs). It is shown that these FSSs show a dual behaviour, with a stop/pass band behaviour at the frequency of resonance of the SRRs/CSRRs. Cross-polarization effects in the SRR and the CSRR are considered, and it is shown that they permit resonance to occur for normally incident plane wave excitation. This latter property of SRRs and CSRRs also implies that the FSSs considered may act as polarizers and polarization converters as well. An analytical theory, valid for perfectly conducting and infinitely thin screens, is proposed for the SRR-FSSs and CSRR-FSSs. These approximations are valid in the microwave and millimetre-wave range, and up to the terahertz range.
Visible light communication for intelligent transportation in road safety applications (2011)

This paper discusses the implementation of a light emitting diode based visible light communication system, for intelligent transportation in road safety applications. The signal processing of both, transmitter and receiver are realized in a field programmable gate array using two Spartan-3E development kits. The implemented modulation scheme is based on direct sequence spread spectrum techniques. The performance of the overall system is evaluated and results are presented. It is found that the system is well suited for traffic broadcast at low data rate and medium range. The simulation results also show that spread spectrum modulation techniques mitigate the effect of noise produced by ambient artificial light sources.
Electronic structure of solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Experiment and theory (1991)

Synchrotron-radiation and x-ray photoemission studies of the valence states of condensed phase-pure ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ showed seventeen distinct molecular fetaures extending \ensuremath{\sim}23 eV below the highest occupied molecular states with intensity variations due to matrix-element effects involving both cluster and free-electron-like final states. Pseudopotential calculations established the orign of these features, and comparison with experiment was excellent. The sharp C 1s main line indicated a single species, and the nine satellite structures were due to shakeup and plasmon features. The 1.9-eV feature reflected transitions to the lowest unoccupied molecular level of the excited state.
Temperature‐Responsive “Catch and Release” of Proteins by using Multifunctional Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles (2012)

Catch me if you can: Multifunctional, polymer-based nanoparticles that are capable of temperature-responsive “catch-and-release” of a target protein have been synthesized. The process is reversible and does not denature the proteins. An optimized combination of functional monomers imparts binding selectivity toward a target protein over other proteins.
Exploiting Wrinkle Formation (2007)

A simple method allows the elasticity and thickness of thin polymer films to be determined.
Reasoning about uncertain contexts in pervasive computing environments (2004)

Context-aware systems can't always identify the current context precisely, so they need support for handling uncertainty. A prototype pervasive computing infrastructure, Gaia, allows applications and services to reason about uncertainty using mechanisms such as probabilistic logic, fuzzy logic, and Bayesian networks.
Data-oriented exception handling in Ada (2002)

A set of language features that can be added to Ada that associate exceptions with the operations of a data type and exception handlers with data objects are presented. The notation is called data-oriented exception exception handling to distinguish it from more conventional, control-oriented mechanisms. The implementation of a preprocessor from the notation to Ada is described. Empirical studies indicate that control-oriented exception handling mechanisms are more complex than necessary for the tasks they perform, and that data-oriented exception handling can be used to produce programs that are smaller, better structured, and easier to understand and modify.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of antihypertensive drugs in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (1970)

The spontaneously hypertensive rat is reported as a useful model to screen for antihypertensive drugs. Single doses of several d1"Ugs which have been useful therapeutically in man, including methyldopa and the MAO inhibitor pargyline, elicited a lowering of blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive animal. N ormotensive rats were generally unresponsive. For initial screening, indirect measurement of systolic blood pressure in the tail artery is recommended, but any changes observed should be validated by direct recording and possibly long‐term study.
The role of dendritic cells in driving genital tract inflammation and HIV transmission risk: Are there opportunities to intervene? (2013)

Effective prevention of new HIV infections will require an understanding of the mechanisms involved in HIV acquisition. HIV transmission across the female genital tract is the major mode of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa and involves complex processes, including cell activation, inflammation and recruitment of HIV target cells. Activated CD4(+) T-cells, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages have been described as targets for HIV at the genital mucosa. Activation of these cells may occur in the presence of sexually-transmitted infections, disturbances of commensal flora and other inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss causes and consequences of inflammation in the female genital tract, with a focus on DC. We describe the central role these cells may play in facilitating or preventing HIV transmission across the genital mucosa, and in the initial recognition of HIV and other pathogens, allowing activation of an adaptive immune response to infection. We discuss studies that investigate interventions to limit DC activation, inflammation and HIV transmission. This knowledge is essential in the development of novel strategies for effective HIV control, including microbicides and pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Mammalian PER2 regulates AKT activation and DNA damage response (2012)

PER2 is a key mammalian circadian clock protein. It also has a tumor suppressive function. Down regulation of PER2 in the cultured cancer cells accelerates cell proliferation, while overexpression of PER2 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. The Per2 mutant mice have a cancer prone phenotype and an altered DNA damage response. Here we report that PER2 regulates AKT activity. Cells with down-regulated PER2 expression have prolonged high levels of AKT T308 phosphorylation after growth factor stimulation or DNA damage. PER2 down-regulation delays DNA damage induced Chk2 activation and overrides DNA damage induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
3-D Segmentation and Motion Estimation of Range Data for Crash Prevention (2007)

In this paper we present a 3D object segmentation and motion estimation scheme of range video data for crash prevention applications. The segmentation is based on slope values of every point in the scene with which atomic regions are constructed by region growing. Atomic regions are merged with the flat surfaces (non-ground points) according to their mean height and the range difference of neighboring points. Following segmentation we apply a 3D recursive motion estimation algorithm to each moving object. Simulation results show that the segmentation scheme together with the recursive motion estimation algorithm can be highly effective in estimating 3D motion parameters of multiple moving objects in range video data.
Regulation of IL-1β-induced GM-CSF production in human airway smooth muscle cells by carbon monoxide (2003)

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, involves the increased expression of inflammatory mediators, including granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-response protein, confers protection against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of HO-1-dependent heme catabolism, regulates GM-CSF synthesis in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC). IL-1β treatment induced a time-dependent induction of GM-CSF in HASMC. Furthermore, IL-1β stimulated the major MAPK pathways, including ERK1/ERK2, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Exposure of HASMC to CO at low concentration (250 ppm) markedly inhibited IL-1β-induced GM-CSF synthesis (>90%) compared with air-treated controls. CO treatment inhibited IL-1β-induced ERK1/2 activation but did not inhibit JNK and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, CO increased cGMP levels in HASMC. Inhibition of guanylate cyclase by IH-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1–1 (ODQ) abolished the inhibitory effects of CO on GM-CSF synthesis and ERK1/2 activation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of CO on GM-CSF synthesis depends on ERK1/2 MAPK and guanylate cyclase/cGMP-dependent pathways.
Abstract B48: A first-in-human Phase I study of the novel cancer stem cell (CSC) targeting antibody OMP-52M51 (anti-Notch1) administered intravenously to patients with certain advanced solid tumors. (2013)

Abstract Background: The Notch pathway plays a central role in embryonic development, the regulation of stem and progenitor cells, and is implicated centrally in many forms of human cancer. Notch1 is known to be frequently activated in certain solid tumor types. OMP-52M51 is a humanized IgG2 antibody that inhibits the signaling function of the Notch1 receptor. Mouse xenograft studies using minimally-passaged, patient-derived xenografts have shown that OMP-52M51 impedes tumor growth and selectively eliminates CSCs in a range of tumor types particularly in tumors with activated Notch1 signaling. In these models, anti-Notch1 antibody also has anti-angiogenic effects leading to tumor growth inhibition. As such, OMP-52M51 is a novel anti-cancer agent that inhibits tumor growth through direct actions on tumor cells, including CSCs, and effects on tumor angiogenesis. Methods: A phase I dose escalation and expansion study was initiated in patients with certain advanced solid tumor indications (cholangiocarcinoma, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and small cell lung cancers) that have frequencies of Notch1 activation of 12-29% (AACR 2013; #3728). OMP-52M51 was administered intravenously to study safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), preliminary efficacy, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The trial has a Notch1 IHC biomarker selected expansion cohort to test for single-agent response rate. Results: Ten patients have been enrolled in 4 dose-escalation cohorts at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2.5mg/kg administered every 4 weeks (Q4W). The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events were: mild to moderate diarrhea (56%), rash (22%), and nausea (22%). One patient developed grade 3 diarrhea for 24 hours controlled with Imodium. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) have occurred and dose escalation continues. The PK of OMP-52M51 in patients is characterized by dose-dependent clearance. One patient with colorectal cancer has prolonged stable disease for &gt;100 days with a decline in CEA tumor marker. Biomarker analyses for Notch pathway modulation and activation are ongoing. Conclusions: OMP-52M51 is generally well tolerated. Dose escalation continues and updated results will be presented. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B48. Citation Format: S. Lindsey Davis, Patricia LoRusso, Lu Xu, Ann M. Kapoun, Jakob Dupont, Pamela Munster, S. Gail Eckhardt, Amita Patnaik. A first-in-human Phase I study of the novel cancer stem cell (CSC) targeting antibody OMP-52M51 (anti-Notch1) administered intravenously to patients with certain advanced solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Loss (2018)

This quilt was designed to represent an encounter I experienced while working with Child, Youth, and Family Services (CYFS) that involved the removal of a child. The left side of the quilt symbolizes this baby’s life when she was living with her family. This was a happy time where she was with the people with whom she was most familiar. The right side of the quilt symbolizes loss. I chose dark colors for this side because this represents sadness and fear, in some cultures.
Type β transforming growth factor (TGFβ) regulation of alkaline phosphatase expression and other phenotype‐related mRNAs in osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells (1987)

TGF beta 1 from porcine platelets increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in the rat osteoblastic cell line ROS 17/2.8 about three-fold. This effect was dose-dependent with an ED50 of about approximately 0.2 ng/ml and was larger during logarithmic growth than at confluence. TGF beta 1 inhibited cell growth by about 30% with similar dose dependence. Thirty min exposure to TGF beta 1 was sufficient to increase AP activity 3 days later by about two-fold but did not affect cell growth, suggesting dissociation between effects on proliferation and differentiation. The rise in AP activity started 6 h after TGF beta 1 addition and was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. TGF beta 1 also increased AP mRNA by two- to three-fold and this effect was not blocked by cycloheximide. The half-life of AP mRNA, estimated following the addition of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole was about ten h in both control and TGF beta 1-treated cells. The mRNAs for type I procollagen and osteonectin were also increased by TGF beta 1 but fibronectin mRNA was decreased. TGF beta 2 effects on AP and cell growth were similar to those of TGF beta 1, except for lack of activity following transient exposure. At saturating concentrations, TGF beta 2 (2 ng/ml) or dexamethasone (10(-7) M), which has similar effects on these cells, did not further augment the effects of TGF beta 1 (at 2 ng/ml). Above findings suggest that TGF beta promotes osteoblastic differentiation in rat osteosarcoma cells at least in part by acting at the pretranslational level.
3D Electro-Optical Integration Based on High-Performance Si Photonics TSV Interposer (2016)

3D electro-optical integration based on a Cu-based Si-photonics TSV interposer has been demonstrated for integrated optical communication applications. The photonics TSV interposer consisting of monolithically integrated TSV, modulators and photodetectors, enabling a 30 Gbps-data-rate.
Electroluminescence Characteristics of a New Green-Emitting Phenylphenothiazine Derivative with Phenylbenzimidazole Substituent (2013)

A new green-emitting material with donor-acceptor architecture, 3,7-bis(1'-phenylbenzimidazole-2'-yl)-10-phenylphenothiazine (BBPP) was synthesized and its thermal, optical, and electroluminescent characteristics were investigated. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with four different multilayer structures were prepared using BBPP as an emitting layer. The optimized device with the structure of [ITO/2-TNATA (40 nm)/BBPP (30 nm)/TPBi (30 nm)/Alq3 (10 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm)] exhibited efficient green emission. Enhanced charge carrier balance and electron mobility in the organic layers enabled the device to demonstrate a maximum luminance of 31,300 cd/<TEX>$m^2$</TEX>, a luminous efficiency of 6.83 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 1.62% with the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.21, 0.53) at a current density of 100 mA/<TEX>$cm^2$</TEX>.
High-solid enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of solka floc into ethanol. (2008)

To lower the cost of ethanol distillation of fermentation broths, a high initial glucose concentration is desired. However, an increase in the substrate concentration typically reduces the ethanol yield because of insufficient mass and heat transfer. In addition, different operating temperatures are required to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis (50 degrees C) and fermentation (30 degrees C). Thus, to overcome these incompatible temperatures, saccharification followed by fermentation (SFF) was employed with relatively high solid concentrations (10% to 20%) using a portion loading method. In this study, glucose and ethanol were produced from Solka Floc, which was first digested by enzymes at 50 degrees for 48 h, followed by fermentation. In this process, commercial enzymes were used in combination with a recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis (39679:pZB4L). The effects of the substrate concentration (10% to 20%, w/v) and reactor configuration were also investigated. In the first step, the enzyme reaction was achieved using 20 FPU/g cellulose at 50 degrees C for 96 h. The fermentation was then performed at 30 degrees C for 96 h. The enzymatic digestibility was 50.7%, 38.4%, and 29.4% after 96 h with a baffled Rushton impeller and initial solid concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/v), respectively, which was significantly higher than that obtained with a baffled marine impeller. The highest ethanol yield of 83.6%, 73.4%, and 21.8%, based on the theoretical amount of glucose, was obtained with a substrate concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, which also corresponded to 80.5%, 68.6%, and 19.1%, based on the theoretical amount of the cell biomass and soluble glucose present after 48 h of SFF.
Background levels of hydrogen cyanide in human breath measured by infrared cavity ring down spectroscopy (2009)

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in breath has been suggested as a diagnostic tool for cyanide poisoning and for cyanide-producing bacterial infections. To distinguish elevated levels of breath HCN, baseline data are needed. Background levels of HCN were measured in mixed exhaled air from 40 healthy subjects (26 men, 14 women, age 21-61 years; detection limit: 1.5 ppb; median: 4.4 ppb; range <1.5-14 ppb) by near-infrared cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). No correlation was observed with smoking habits, recent meals or age. However, female subjects had slightly higher breath levels of HCN than male subjects. CRDS has not previously been used for this purpose.
Antibacterial Activity and Specificity of the Six Human α-Defensins (2004)

We developed a kinetic, 96-well turbidimetric procedure that is capable of testing the antimicrobial properties of six human alpha-defensins concurrently on a single microplate. The defensins were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli). Analysis of the growth curves provided virtual lethal doses (vLDs) equivalent to conventional 50% lethal doses (LD(50)s), LD(90)s, LD(99)s, and LD(99.9)s obtained from colony counts. On the basis of their respective vLD(90)s and vLD(99)s, the relative potencies of human myeloid alpha-defensins against S. aureus were HNP2 > HNP1 > HNP3 > HNP4. In contrast, their relative potencies against E. coli and E. aerogenes were HNP4 > HNP2 > HNP1 = HNP3. HD5 was as effective as HNP2 against S. aureus and as effective as HNP4 against the gram-negative bacteria in our panel. HD6 showed little or no activity against any of the bacteria in our panel, including B. cereus, which was highly susceptible to the other five alpha-defensins. The assay described provides a quantitative, precise, and economical way to study the antimicrobial activities of host-defense peptides. Its use has clarified the relative potencies of human alpha-defensins and raised intriguing questions about the in vivo function(s) of HD6.
Autonomous satellite navigation methods using the Global Positioning Satellite System (1982)

This investigation considers the problem of autonomous satellite navigation using the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS). The major topics covered include the design, implementation, and validation of onboard navigation filter algorithms by means of computer simulations. The primary errors that the navigation filter design must minimize are computational effects and modeling inaccuracies due to limited capability of the onboard computer. The minimization of the effect of these errors is attained by applying the sequential extended Kalman filter using a factored covariance implementation with Q-matrix or dynamical model compensations. Peformance evaluation of the navigation filter design is carried out using both the CDC Cyber 170/750 computer and the PDP-11/60 computer. The results are obtained assuming the Phase I GPS constellation, consisting of six satellites, and a Landsat-D type spacecraft as the model for the user satellite orbit.
High-swing cascode MOS current mirror (1996)

A high-swing cascode triode-region MOS current mirror, basically comprising a triode-region translinear loop, is proposed. A translinear analysis and measurement results are presented.
A Characterization of Convex Problems in Decentralized Control$^ast$ (2005)

We consider the problem of constructing optimal decentralized controllers. We formulate this problem as one of minimizing the closed-loop norm of a feedback system subject to constraints on the controller structure. We define the notion of quadratic invariance of a constraint set with respect to a system, and show that if the constraint set has this property, then the constrained minimum-norm problem may be solved via convex programming. We also show that quadratic invariance is necessary and sufficient for the constraint set to be preserved under feedback. These results are developed in a very general framework, and are shown to hold in both continuous and discrete time, for both stable and unstable systems, and for any norm. This notion unifies many previous results identifying specific tractable decentralized control problems, and delineates the largest known class of convex problems in decentralized control. As an example, we show that optimal stabilizing controllers may be efficiently computed in the case where distributed controllers can communicate faster than their dynamics propagate. We also show that symmetric synthesis is included in this classification, and provide a test for sparsity constraints to be quadratically invariant, and thus amenable to convex synthesis.
Structure of Galactosylononitol (1997)

A cyclitol galactoside was isolated from the seeds of Vigna angularis and shown to be identical with galactosylononitol. However, detailed 2D NMR data and methylation analysis resulted in the revision of the structure of galactosylononitol to O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-methyl-d-myo-inositol (1). Thus, compound 1 represents the only naturally occuring methylated derivative of galactinol.
VRML based collaborative visualization for volume product datasets (2005)

Object reverse design from volume datasets has been developed from the medical field to the industrial manufacture. But the industrial products have complex inner structure and are hard to foresee from experience, so the product's structure reconstruction has become one of the bottle-neck that restrict the volume datasets application from wide spread in industrial field. This paper introduces the network technology into the visualization research of volume datasets. Under the Internet environment, we utilize VRML as the expression and transfer carrier of the volume datasets and adopt the texture mapping method to realize the datasets direct visualization. This kind of visualization in the network can collect multi users' knowledge, realize collaborative work and acquire more accurate topological structures.