gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for an electron-transfer mechanism in the reaction between 2-phenyl-3-phenylimino-3H-indole and Grignard reagents: application of the Marcus theory (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental evidence for an electron-transfer mechanism in the reaction between 2-phenyl-3-phenylimino-3H-indole and Grignard reagents: application of the Marcus theoryLennart Eberson and Lucedio GreciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 12, 2135–2139Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00186a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00186a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of supplementing a poor kaffir corn (Sorghum vulgare) diet with L-lysine and DL-threonine on the digestibility coefficient, biological value and net utilisation of proteins and retention of nitrogen in children. (1966)

Kaffir corn ( Sorghum vulgare ) is consumed as a staple food by the low income groups of the population in certain parts of India, Africa, Cluna and Latin America.
Atmospheric-Pressure-Spray, Chemical- Vapor-Deposited Thin-Film Materials Being Developed for High Power-to- Weight-Ratio Space Photovoltaic Applications (2001)

The key to achieving high specific power (watts per kilogram) space photovoltaic arrays is the development of high-efficiency thin-film solar cells that are fabricated on lightweight, space-qualified substrates such as Kapton (DuPont) or another polymer film. Cell efficiencies of 20 percent air mass zero (AM0) are required. One of the major obstacles to developing lightweight, flexible, thin-film solar cells is the unavailability of lightweight substrate or superstrate materials that are compatible with current deposition techniques. There are two solutions for working around this problem: (1) develop new substrate or superstrate materials that are compatible with current deposition techniques, or (2) develop new deposition techniques that are compatible with existing materials. The NASA Glenn Research Center has been focusing on the latter approach and has been developing a deposition technique for depositing thin-film absorbers at temperatures below 400 C.
Local-area communication networks-an overview (1982)

Local-area communication networks represent a new field of activity. This paper describes three scenarios for the use of these networks, and then discusses various technical approaches. Particular emphasis is put on bus and ring systems with various media access control mechanisms. Specifically, it compares the delay-throughput characteristic of two access methods, carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection and token passing, and discusses some significant differences of bus and ring systems concerning wiring, media, transmission, and reliability.
In Vivo Role of Flt3 Ligand and Dendritic Cells in NK Cell Homeostasis (2010)

IL-15 is required for NK cell development and homeostasis in vivo. Because IL-15 is presented in trans via its high-affinity IL-15Ralpha-chain to cells expressing the IL-15Rbetagamma complex, we postulated that certain IL-15-bearing cells must be required for NK cell homeostasis. Using IL-15(WT/WT) and IL-15(-/-) mice, bone marrow chimeras with normal cellularity, and a selective depletion of CD11c(hi) dendritic cells (DCs), we demonstrate that ablation of the resting CD11c(hi) DC population results in a highly significant decrease in the absolute number of mature NK cells. In contrast, administration of Flt3 ligand increases the CD11c(hi) DC population, which, when expressing IL-15, significantly expands mature NK cells via enhanced survival and proliferation. In summary, a CD11c(hi) DC population expressing IL-15 is required to maintain NK cell homeostasis under conditions of normal cellularity and also is required to mediate Flt3 ligand-induced NK cell expansion in vivo.
A comparison between short term (Co‐Seismic) and long term (one year) slip for the Landers Earthquake: Measurements from strong motion and SAR interferometry (1997)

The long term relative displacements in the region of the Landers earthquake were measured over a time interval of about one year using SAR interferometry. We have also evaluated the co‐seismic slip distribution through a strong motion inversion [ Cotton and Campillo , 1995] and these results are used to compute the static displacement field associated with the co‐seismic slip. We show that the synthetic static and the interferometry measurements are in very good agreement. To give an evaluation of the magnitude of the pre‐ and post‐seismic slip, a residual interferogram between data and synthetic co‐seismic slip has been computed. A simple analysis of the residual displacements gives a limiting value of the amplitude of pre‐ and post‐seismic slip integrated over a period of one year and suggests that it is on the order of a few decimeters.
A classification of consensus methods for phylogenetics (2003)

A consensus tree method takes a collection of phylogenetic trees and outputs a single “representative” tree. The first consensus method was proposed by Adams in 1972. Since then a large variety of different methods have been developed, and there has been considerable debate over how they should be used. This paper has two goals. First, we survey the main consensus tree methods used in phylogenetics. Second, we explore, pretty exhaustively, the links between the different methods, producing a classification of consensus tree methods.
Interactivity of chiral catalysts and chiral auxiliaries in the cycloaddition of activated dienes with aldehydes: a synthesis of L-glucose (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractivity of chiral catalysts and chiral auxiliaries in the cycloaddition of activated dienes with aldehydes: a synthesis of L-glucoseMark. Bednarski and Samuel. DanishefskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 22, 7060–7067Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00282a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00282a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2467Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Remarks re Clyde Cowan (2021)

Remarks re Clyde Cowan for the Neutrino '75 Conference.
<title>Flat-lamp technology for LCDs</title> (1994)

The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is rapidly becoming the technology of choice for high brightness, sunlight readable displays. One of the major drawbacks to this technology is the need for a high luminosity backlight. Fluorescent tubes, one of the most efficient methods of converting electrical energy into light, poorly fit the mechanical and optical requirements of LCD's. Many attempts have been made to address these issues by developing a light source that better meets the optical and mechanical requirements of LCD's. The Wafer LIght is a flat lamp developed specifically to meet the peculiar requirements of avionic displays, and has demonstrated significantly improved efficiency, uniformity, and thermal characteristics.
Antianaphylactic agents. 4. Synthesis and structure-activity relations of 3-(4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3)acrylic acids, a new series of antiallergic substances, and some related compounds (1975)

The syntheses of trans-3-(4-oxo-4H-1-benzypyran-3)acrylic acid and a number of analogs shown to be highly active in antiallergic bioassays are described. These compounds are of possible value in the treatment of asthma. The structural requirements for biological activity are discussed with reference to the type of the substituents on the chromone ring or positions of linkage of the acrylic acid on the pyrone ring.
Increased Blood Glucose and Insulin, Body Size, and Incident Colorectal Cancer (1999)

These data provide, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence of an association between elevated visceral adipose tissue level, its associated metabolic effects, and colorectal cancer.
Manipulation of the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk by Feeding Protected Canola Seeds (1992)

The feeding to dairy cows of canola seed protected from ruminal metabolism by emulsification and encapsulation in a matrix of aldehyde-treated protein resulted in a 10% increase in milk fat and no change in milk yield or protein content. Feeding the protected canola supplement significantly reduced the proportions of saturated fatty acids C16:0, C14:0, and C12:0 in milk fat; there were corresponding increases in proportions of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3. Yield of C18 monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by 54%, which is equivalent to 143 g/d. Canola seed, enriched in C18:1, can be included in the diet and can result in significant changes in the proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat.
Temperature dependence of the exciton homogeneous linewidth in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.40</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GaAs</mml:mi></mml:math>self-assembled quantum dots (2002)

Single dot photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to study the homogeneous linewidth $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ of the ground-state exciton in ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.60}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.40}\mathrm{As}/\mathrm{GaAs}$ quantum dots as function of temperature T. In high resolution experiments at 2 K, we find a linewidth that is limited by the excitonic lifetime corresponding to a dephasing time of almost a ns. The approximately linear increase of \ensuremath{\Gamma} with temperature up to $\ensuremath{\sim}30 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{eV}$ at 60 K is considerably weaker than in structures of higher dimensionality. For higher T we observe a strong enhancement of the linewidth reaching eventually a few meV at room temperature that depends on the confined electronic shell structure.
High Precision Scanning Ellipsometer (1975)

We describe the design, construction, alignment, and calibration of a photometric ellipsometer of the rotating-analyzer type. Data are obtained by digital sampling of the transmitted flux with an analog-to-digital converter, followed by Fourier transforming of the accumulated data with a dedicated minicomputer. With an operating mechanical rotation frequency of 74 Hz, a data acquisition cycle requires less than 7 msec. The intrinsic precision attainable is high because precision is limited only by shot noise or intrinsic source instabilities, even when relatively weak continuum lamps are used as light sources. Precision may be improved by accumulating the data for consecutive cycles at a fixed wavelength. The system allows complex reflectance ratios to be determined as continuous functions of wavelength from the near infrared to the near ultraviolet spectral range. Data reduction programs can be modified to calculate complex refractive index or dielectric function spectra, or film thicknesses and refractive indices, as well as the usual ellipsometric parameters tanpsi, cosDelta.
Research on grating lobe suppression based on the virtual array transformation algorithm (2012)

In beamforming, the grating lobe is produced when the element spacing is increased to more than 1/2 wavelength. This paper outlines the mechanism of producing grating lobe and summarizes the used technologies of grating lobe suppression. Considering the issue of grating lobe suppression, this paper analyses the feasibility of ambiguity solving with virtual elements using the virtual array transformation algorithm and the virtual array algorithm based on least squares estimator. We use the least squares algorithm to estimate the received data of virtual elements between the adjacent elements based on the known received data of actual elements, and to reduce the spacing which can be set as 1/2 wavelength without change the actual aperture of antenna array, thus the grating lobes is suppressed. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the algorithm.
Identification of Calcitonin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas by Hybridization Histochemistry* (1986)

Synthesis and secretion of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied in medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) by hybridization histochemistry on tissue sections and by Northern gel analysis of mRNA. Five patients with MTC and elevated serum levels of calcitonin and CGRP were studied. Surgically obtained tumor samples (four primary and three lymph node metastases) were extracted after freezing, and the RNA was fractionated on Northern gels. Hybridization was carried out with 32P-labeled synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides coding specifically for calcitonin and CGRP. Calcitonin- and CGRP-specific mRNAs approximately 1000 nucleotides in length were demonstrated in all 7 tumor samples. However, neither calcitonin nor CGRP mRNA was detected in a pheochromocytoma from 1 of the patients who had multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. A series of unselected lung carcinomas yielded the same result. Hybridization histochemistry was carried out on sections from the same tumors using the same probes. The mRNAs for calcitonin and CGRP were located in all cells of neoplastic MTC appearance, with CGRP mRNA at significantly lower levels. This demonstrated that both calcitonin and CGRP mRNA were present within the same tumor cells. The lung tumors and pheochromocytoma were negative with both probes. Hybridization histochemistry is likely to be of use in diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer and in studying the calcitonin-CGRP mRNA processing mechanism in whole cells.
Peptide-Conjugated PAMAM for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery to Transferrin Receptor Overexpressed Tumors (2010)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of HAIYPRH (T7) peptide as a ligand for constructing tumor-targeting drug delivery systems. T7 could target to transferrin-receptor (TfR) through a cavity on the surface of TfR and then transport into cells via endocytosis with the help of transferrin (Tf). In this study, T7-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) (PAMAM-PEG-T7) was successfully synthesized and further loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), formulating PAMAM-PEG-T7/DOX nanoparticles (NPs). In vitro, almost 100% of DOX was released during 2 h in pH 5.5, while only 55% of DOX was released over 48 h in pH 7.4. The cellular uptake of DOX could be significantly enhanced when treated with T7-modified NPs in the presence of Tf. Also, the in vitro antitumor effect was enhanced markedly. The IC(50) of PAMAM-PEG-T7/DOX NPs with Tf was 231.5 nM, while that of NPs without Tf was 676.7 nM. T7-modified NPs could significantly enhance DOX accumulation in the tumor by approximately 1.7-fold compared to that of unmodified ones and by approximately 5.3-fold compared to that of free DOX. For in vivo antitumor studies, tumor growth of mice treated with PAMAM-PEG-T7/DOX NPs was significantly inhibited compared to that of mice treated with PAMAM-PEG/DOX NPs and saline. The study provides evidence that PAMAM-PEG-T7 can be applied as a potential tumor-targeting drug delivery system. T7 may be a promising ligand for targeted drug delivery to the tumor.
Photonic defect modes of cholesteric liquid crystals (1999)

We investigate defect modes of cholesteric liquid crystals as photonic band gap materials. For normal incidence of light, cholesteric liquid crystals exhibit total reflection for the circular polarization with the same handedness as that of cholesteric helix. However, the other orthogonal component is completely transmitted. When we replace a thin layer of liquid crystal by an isotropic material as a defect, defect modes are induced for both polarizations of incident light. We analyze the wavelength and reflectivity of the defect modes in terms of the refractive index of defect layer.
A Semantic Approach to Enforce Correctness of Data Distribution Schemes (1994)

SQL, the Xplain data language and two entity-relationship approaches have been examined for their usability in the specification of data distribution. It is shown to be difficult to enforce correctness of fragmentation if all possible kinds of fragmentation are allowed. To solve this problem, a new approach to the design of data distribution schemes has been developed. This approach is based on a semantic meta model for fragmentation and allocation with additional restrictions. Only two kinds of horizontal fragmentation are allowed. Vertical fragmentation is not supported, though the possibility of local vertical fragmentation is not excluded.
Off-Season Spawning of Yellow Perch (1998)

Abstract The thermal and light conditions for 2-year-old broodstock of yellow perch Perca flavescens were shifted by 6 months in an effort to change spawning from spring to autumn and fall. The natural photothermal conditions consisted of a chill period of 10°C and 10 h of light during January–March followed by increases in temperature to 20–22°C and photoperiod to 15 h light during July–September. The natural spawning of yellow perch occurs in April–May at 12–14°C and 12 h light. In the present study, the broodstock were maintained at a higher temperature and a longer period of light during September–February (18°C and 13 h light). The photothermal conditions were decreased gradually until June. The chill period (10°C and 11 h light) was 60 d in duration (June–July) and was followed by gradually increased water temperature and longer daylight (12°C and 19 h). Following this period, 50% of the females were fully ovulated, and they were stripped or spawned naturally. The males spermiated during the entire shifted spawning period, August–September. The average relative weight of ovulated eggs (as a percentage of the female weight) was 26.6 ± 10.7%. Embryo survival through the eyed stage was 56 ± 24%. Larval skeleton abnormalities (45 ± 15%) and a low frequency of swim bladder inflation (44 ± 34%) were observed.
A Catalogue of Altered Salivary Proteins Secondary to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Novel In Vivo Paradigm to Assess Breast Cancer Progression (2016)

The objective of this manuscript is to introduce a catalogue of salivary proteins that are altered secondary to carcinoma of the breast. The catalogue of salivary proteins is a compilation of twenty years of research by the authors and consists of 233 high and low abundant proteins which have been identified by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry, 2D-gel analysis and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The body of research suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be useful in the study of breast cancer progress, treatment efficacy and the tailoring of individualized patient care.
Intracellular regulation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 catalytic activity in A431 cells (1997)

There is growing evidence that various isoforms of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) are regulated at the level of catalysis in intact cells. A number of investigators have proposed that the NAD(P)/NAD(P)H ratio may control the direction of reaction. In a previous study, we obtained evidence that A431 cells, derived from an epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva, are enriched in 17-HSD type 2, a membrane-bound isoform reactive with C18 and C19 17 beta-hydroxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids. The present investigation was undertaken to confirm the presence of 17-HSD type 2 in A431 cells and to assess intracellular regulation of 17-HSD at the level of catalysis by comparing the activity of homogenates and microsomes with that of cell monolayers. Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of 17-HSD type 2 mRNA. Exposure of cells to epidermal growth factor resulted in an increase in type 2 mRNA and, for microsomes, increases in maximum velocity (Vmax) with no change in Michaelis constant (Km) for testosterone and androstenedione, resulting in equivalent increases in the Vmax/Km ratio consistent with the presence of a single enzyme. Initial velocity data and inhibition patterns were consistent with a highly ordered reaction sequence in vitro in which testosterone and androstenedione bind only to either an enzyme-NAD or an enzyme-NADH complex respectively. Microsomal dehydrogenase activity with testosterone was 2- to 3-fold higher than reductase activity with androstenedione. In contrast, although cell monolayers rapidly converted testosterone to androstenedione, reductase activity with androstenedione or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was barely detectable. lactate but not glucose, pyruvate or isocitrate stimulated the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone by monolayers, suggesting that cytoplasmic NADH may be the cofactor for 17-HSD type 2 reductase activity with androstenedione. However, exposure to lactate did not result in a significant change in the NAD/NADH ratio of cell monolayers. It appears that within A431 cells 17-HSD type 2 is regulated at the level of catalysis to function almost exclusively as a dehydrogenase. These findings give further support to the concept that 17-HSD type 2 functions in vivo principally as a dehydrogenase and that its role as a reductase in testosterone formation by either the delta 4 or delta 5 pathway is limited.