gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic radiation resistance of primary clonogenic blasts from children with newly diagnosed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1993)

The radiation sensitivity of primary clonogenic blasts from 44 children with newly diagnosed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was analyzed using leukemic progenitor cell (LPC) colony assays. The derived values for SF2 (surviving fraction at 200 cGy) and alpha (initial slope of radiation survival curves constructed according to the linear quadratic model) indicated a marked interpatient heterogeneity in intrinsic radiation sensitivity of LPC populations. The SF2 values ranged from 0.01 to 1.00 (median = 0.430; mean +/- SE = 0.47 +/- 0.04), and the alpha values ranged from 0.000 to 3.272 Gy-1 (median = 0.280 Gy-1; mean +/- SE = 0.430 +/- 0.093 Gy-1). When CD19+ CD34+ versus CD19+ CD34- immunophenotypes were compared, a trend toward higher SF2 and lower alpha values were observed in LPC from CD34+ patients, consistent with greater radiation resistance. When patients were divided into three approximately equal groups based on increasing levels of CD34 expression, a clear ordering effect was observed indicating that increased CD34 expression levels are associated with significantly higher radiation resistance at the level of B-lineage LPC. The highest CD34 expression group (> or = 75% positivity) had 1.4-fold higher SF2 (P = 0.05) and twofold lower alpha values (P = 0.06) than the lowest group (< 30% positivity). Furthermore, the CD34 positivity of radiation resistant (alpha < or = 0.2 and SF2 > or = 0.5) B-cell precursor ALL cases was greater than the CD34 positivity of radiation sensitive (alpha > 0.2 and/or SF2 < 0.5) cases (56 +/- 9% versus 34 +/- 9%, P = 0.09). Whereas only 6 of 16 (38%) of radiation sensitive cases were CD34+, 11 of 15 (73%) of radiation resistant cases expressed CD34 (P = 0.04). Our results offer new insights into the inherent and/or acquired radiation resistance of primary clonogenic blasts from B-cell precursor ALL patients.
Electric-bicycle propulsion power (2002)

In a human-powered hybrid electric vehicle (HPHEV) the travel distance available from a single battery charge can be lengthened with power from another source, the cyclist`s leg muscles. In a battery-powered electric bicycle the propulsion power goes mostly into overcoming aerodynamic drag. For example, at 18 km per hour (11 miles per hour) this drag represents 200 watts at the tire-to-road interface for a typical cyclist`s shape and clothing. Today`s typical electrical bicycle is propelled by a high-speed dc motor which is powered from a lead-acid battery. The combined efficiency of the motor and its speed-reducing gears is 50 to 65 percent. In this paper we calculate available travel distances, as a function of speed, grade, and the battery energy-content as measured in watt-hours per kg. We show the effect of battery cost and charge/discharge cycle-life on travel cost in terms of cents per kilometer travelled. Designs used in today`s electric bicycles are illustrated.
Universal manager: seamless management of enterprise mobile and nonmobile devices (2004)

Seamless management of resource constrained wireless devices along with enterprise hosts is complex because of the multitude of management protocols and architectures. An atomic and coordinated management action that spans the scale of the enterprise is needed. In this paper we present the architecture and our experiences in building a Universal Manager that manages all mobile and non-mobile devices in the enterprise. We came up with a multi-protocol gateway that blends intermittently connected mobile devices seamlessly with enterprise hosts. Our implementation of SyncML based mobile devices integrated with SNMP based enterprise manager is deployed in the enterprise and performance results are presented.
Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Iontophoresis of Hydrocortisone Across Hairless Mouse Skin (2000)

The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, on the iontophoretic transport of a neutral drug hydrocortisone (HC) across hairless mouse skin. The transport studies were conducted using Side-Bi-Side diffusion apparatus and drug concentration in the receptor cell was analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC. A theoretical model was described, tested, and found to agree well with experimental data (R2 = 0.9766). Anodal iontophoresis significantly enhanced the transport of HC compared to cathodal iontophoresis and passive diffusion, suggesting that the transport of the neutral solute occurs via the electro-osmotic flow. The effect of SDS on the transport of HC was highly concentration-dependent and driving mode-dependent. Below the critical micelle concentration (cmc), increasing the concentration of SDS increased both the passive and the iontophoretic fluxes of HC, but the increase was most significant with anodal iontophoresis. Above the cmc, passive transport of HC continued to increase with an increase in the SDS concentration. The transport after anodal iontophoresis, however, reached a plateau and then leveled off. Further increase in SDS concentration decreased flux, suggesting that the transport of micellar-solubilized drug is retarded by anodal iontophoresis, possibly due to electrostatic attraction.
A probabilistic testability measure for delay faults (1991)

This paper firstly studies gate delay fault dominance relationships for the nortrobust and robust testings and presents fault collapsing procedures. A testability measure, based on a probability model, for the delay faults both for the nonrobust and the robust testings are proposed for combinational circuits and for sequential circuits. A program has been implemented based on the measure and applied to ISCAS benchmark circuits to estimate the fault coverages. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results obtained through fault simulation. I.
Conrad's Eastern World. (1966)

List of illustrations Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: The conditions of Conrad's active life 2. Biography: The Eastern seas Part 1. 'Lord Jim': 3. That scandal of the Eastern seas 4. The flesh and blood individual Part II. 'Lord Jim', 'Almayer's Folly', ' An Outcast of the Islands': 5. The Rajah Laut 6. An Eastern River 7. Undoubted sources: dull, wise books Part III. 'The End of the Tether': 8. An Eastern port: Singapore 9. The Deputy Neptune and the Arab shipowner Part IV. 'The Shadow-Line': Exact Autobiography: 10. First command 11. Conrad's predecessor on the Otago 12. The delay in Bangkok 13. The Gulf of Siam Part V. Conclusion: The Work of the Imagination: 14. 'The Secret Sharer': The basic fact of the tale 15. Justice to the visible universe Appendices References Index.
GaN electroluminescent diodes (1971)

Luminescence in GaN has been reported thus far only when the material was excited with an electron beam or ultraviolet radiation. The present work is an extension of our recent discovery of electroluminescence under point contacts. GaN diodes of the i-n (insulating-to-n-type) variety have been made by Zn-doping. These exhibit green dc electroluminescence at room temperature. The light emitted is due to a transition to a deep level in this direct wide gap semiconductor. The radiated output is proportional to the input power; the external power efficiency is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> ; an external quantum efficiency of one per cent has been obtained. The response time of several microseconds is limited mostly by the RC time constant of the structure. Photovoltaic measurements indicate a barrier height of about 1.6 eV at the i-n structure.
Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Interact Additively in the Induction of the Protooncogene<i>c</i>-<i>myc</i>and Cellular Proliferation in Cultured Bovine Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (1989)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth is under the influence of various growth factors. We demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates DNA synthesis of cultured bovine aortic SMCs by 2.5- to 3.5-fold. PDGF also exhibits additivity with insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. Insulin (2 x 10(-6) M), IGF-I (1 x 10(-8) M), and PDGF (1 x 10(-9) M) cause a 60-80% increase in cell numbers over basal, but PDGF with insulin or IGF causes a 40-150% increase over basal. No additivity between insulin and IGF-I is evident. PDGF also induces commitment to DNA synthesis earlier than insulin or IGF-I. After exposure to PDGF for 4 h, SMCs incorporate 3H-thymidine to 60% of maximum (with PDGF alone) levels (achieved after exposure of 12 h or longer). Insulin and IGF-I exposure for 4 h, on the other hand, achieves 3H-thymidine incorporation that is only a 20-30% of maximum (with insulin or IGF-I alone). Insulin, IGF-I, and PDGF increase mRNA levels of the protooncogene c-myc. This induction begins within 30 min of exposure to these growth factors which causes a 4- to 6-fold increase in c-myc mRNA levels. Additivity is also observed between PDGF with insulin or IGF-I, but not between insulin or IGF-I, in c-myc induction. C-myc mRNA levels remain elevated as long as the hormones are present, although there's a tendency for the mRNA levels to fall off with insulin and IGF-I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Absolute Stereochemical Determination of Chiral Carboxylic Acids (2002)

Monoamidation of 1,4-diaminobenzene with alpha-chiral carboxylic acids leads to a carrier strategy for absolute stereochemical determination with bis-zinc porphyrin tweezers by exciton-coupled circular dichroism (ECCD). The helicity induced in the porphyrin tweezers upon complexation with the derivatized carrier originates from the preferred conformation of the C(carbonyl)-C(chiral) bond. Correct ECCD signs can be predicted by the rotamer that places the large group perpendicular to the carbonyl group with the small group facing the porphyrin. [reaction: see text]
Comparison of Post-Growth Carrier Lifetime Improvement Methods for 4H-SiC Epilayers (2012)

We compare two methods for post-growth improvement of bulk carrier lifetime in 4H-SiC: dry oxidations and implantations with either 12C or 14N, followed by high temperature anneals in Ar atmosphere. Application of these techniques to samples cut from the same wafer/epilayer yields 2- to 11-fold lifetime increases, with the implantation/annealing technique shown to give greater maximum lifetimes. The maximum lifetimes reached are ~5μs after 12C implantation at 600°C and annealing in Ar for 180 minutes at 1500°C. Higher temperatures give decreased lifetimes, a result which differs from reports in literature.
Cutting edge: the vaginal microflora and bacterial vaginosis. (2008)

Under physiological conditions, the vaginal primarily harbours lactobacilli which ideally confer in mutualism with the vaginal epithelium colonisation resistance to other micro-organisms, thereby preventing ascending or systemic infection. Albeit only a few Lactobacillus species constitute the vaginal microflora, huge species- and strain-specific differences occur however, and these differences account for a wide variability in the intrinsic capability of the Lactobacillus microflora to maintain the vaginal ecosystem. Hence, among a substantial proportion of women, the picture of lactobacilli-driven mutualism is actually less ideal than one may assume. As the vagina is incessantly subjected to cyclic changes as well as behavioural exposures that may challenge the perpetuation of the Lactobacillus microflora, the intrinsic stability of the resident microflora is paramount to women's health. Considering the close concordance between the rectal and vaginal lactobacilli, future research may benefit from the study of food, oral, and intestinal microbiology in relation to the vaginal Lactobacillus microbiota. Loss of the hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli accompanied by massive anaerobic overgrowth is observed with bacterial vaginosis. Molecular studies of the bacterial vaginosis microflora have recently revealed a tremendous species variability further documenting the complex polymicrobial nature of this condition. Emerging issues include the predominance of G. vaginalis, a normal microflora constituent possibly eliciting a host of virulence mechanisms at increasing concentrations through quorum sensing, the associated abundance of A. vaginae as a rather specific marker of therapy failure and disease persistence or recurrence, and the discovery of an adherent, metronidazole-resistant biofilm consisting of the latter two species.
Identification of Chromobacterium violaceum: Pigmented and Non-pigmented Strains (1975)

The classification and, therefore, identification of Chromobacterium violaceum has been based upon its ability to produce a violet pigment. Although the organism may yield non-pigmented variants when subcultured on artificial media, the isolation of non-pigmented strains from pathological tissues or from nature had not been reported. With a method established for the identification of C. violaceum regardless of violet pigmentation, non-pigmented strains were isolated from nature. The presence of non-pigmented strains of C. violaceum in nature is of significance to taxonomy and clinical bacteriology. Pigmentation cannot be held as an essential characteristic of the definition of the genus Chromobacterium and gives credence to the suspicion of Sneath (1960, 1966) that the genus is not a natural one. Non-pigmented strains may have been isolated from clinical material but wrongly identified as belonging to other genera of non-pigmented Gram-negative bacilli and regarded as not being pathogenic.
Deciphering the role of the head group of cationic surfactants in their binding interactions with heme protein and their release by β-cyclodextrin (2018)

We decipher the mode of binding of surfactants with hemoglobin and their release by β-cyclodextrin.
An Examination of AC/HVDC Power Circuits for Interconnecting Bulk Wind Generation with the Electric Grid (2010)

The application of high voltage dc (HVDC) transmission for integrating large scale and/or off-shore wind generation systems with the electric grid is attractive in comparison to extra high voltage (EHV) ac transmission due to a variety of reasons. While the technology of classical current sourced converters (CSC) using thyristors is well established for realization of large HVDC systems, the technology of voltage sourced converters (VSC) is emerging to be an alternative approach, particularly suitable for multi-terminal interconnections. More recently, a more modular scheme that may be termed ‘bridge of bridge’ converters (BoBC) has been introduced to realize HVDC systems. While all these three approaches are functionally capable of realizing HVDC systems, the converter power circuit design trade-offs between these alternatives are not readily apparent. This paper presents an examination of these topologies from the point of view of power semiconductor requirements, reactive component requirements, operating losses, fault tolerance, multi-terminal operation, modularity, complexity, etc. Detailed analytical models will be used along with a benchmark application to develop a comparative evaluation of the alternatives that maybe used by wind energy/bulk transmission developers for performing engineering trade-off studies.
POWER GENERATION FROM FOUR SKELETAL MUSCLE CONFIGURATIONS (1997)

The development of long term cardiac assist devices is currently limited by the lack of an appropriate totally implantable power source. Transformed fatigue resistant skeletal muscle has been proposed as such a power source. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) configuration capable of obtaining maximum power output. Four separate in situ configurations were prepared: a latex compliance chamber placed between the LDM and chest wall (Sub-Dorsi), a chamber wrapped in a skeletal muscle ventricle (Circular), linear measurements from the thoracolumbar origin (Linear Origin), and linear measurements from the humeral insertion (Linear Insertion). A device was designed to measure the power output from each configuration in watts per kilogram of muscle. Eight LDMs were acutely studied at varying levels of pre-load. Performance characteristics were measured in each configuration. Peak power outputs were as follows: Sub-Dorsi: 8.3 +/- 1.6 W/kg at 50 cc or 11.6 N pre-load; Circular: 16.4 +/- 6.2 W/kg at 50 cc or 16.9 N; Linear Origin: 47.1 +/- 4.4 W/kg at 23.4 N; and Linear Insertion generated 59.9 +/- 12.1 W/kg at 26 N. Analysis of variance comparison revealed a significance of p < 0.0001. A linear oriented LDM is capable of generating maximal power output. Confirmation of these findings in transformed, conformed, fatigue resistant muscle will provide important performance information essential for the optimal design of implantable muscle powered ventricular assist systems.
Effect of spin-dependent screening on tunneling electroresistance and tunneling magnetoresistance in multiferroic tunnel junctions (2010)

Using a ferroelectric barrier as a functional material in a (magnetic) tunnel junction has recently attracted significant interest due to new functionalities not available in conventional tunnel junctions. Switching a ferroelectric polarization of the barrier alters conductance resulting in a tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect. Using a ferroelectric barrier in a magnetic tunnel junction makes it mutiferroic where TER coexists with tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). Here we develop a simple model for a multiferroic tunnel junction (MFTJ) which consists of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by a ferroelectric barrier layer. The model explicitly includes the spin-dependent screening potential and thus extends previously developed models for FTJs and MFTJs. Our results demonstrate that the effect of spin-dependent screening may be sizable and may provide significant contributions to TMR and TER in MFTJs. We find that, similar to FTJs with a composite (ferroelectric/dielectric) barrier layer, the TER in a MFTJ with such a barrier is dramatically enhanced indicating that the resistance ratio between the states corresponding to the opposite polarization orientations may be as high as ${10}^{4}$ and even higher. Our results demonstrate the possibility of four resistance states in MFTJs with a pronounced difference in resistance and a possibility to control these resistance by an electric field (through ferroelectric polarization of the barrier) and by a magnetic field (through magnetization configuration of the electrodes). These functionalities may be interesting to device applications of MFTJs.
Opposing short‐ and long‐term effects on muscarinic M1/4 receptor binding following chronic phencyclidine treatment (2007)

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Several studies have demonstrated that chronic NMDA receptor antagonist treatment in humans and animals can cause long-term behavioral changes that are reminiscent of negative and cognitive schizophrenia-like symptoms. The muscarinic cholinergic system, which is associated with cognitive functions, has been hypothesized to contribute to PCP's mechanism of action. No study, however, has examined the status of M1/4 receptors in the PCP model of schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic (14 day) PCP treatment on mouse brain M1/4 receptors in the short term (1 hr and 24 hr) and long term (14 days) after last PCP administration. [(3)H]pirenzepine was used to target M1/4 receptors. In the short term following chronic PCP treatment, M1/4 binding was significantly increased in regions of the limbic system, caudate-putamen, cortex, and thalamus (ranging from 56% to 368%), compared with saline-treated mice. There were no differences in binding between mice treated with PCP for 14 days and sacrificed 1 hr or 24 hr after the final PCP treatment. In the long term following chronic PCP treatment, M1/4 binding was significantly decreased in all of the above-mentioned brain regions (ranging from 31% to 72%), except in the thalamus, which showed no change. These findings in the long-term group are similar to those reported in post-mortem studies of patients suffering from schizophrenia.
Interaction between docetaxel resistance and castration resistance in prostate cancer: Implications of twist1, YB‐1, and androgen receptor (2013)

Twist1/YB-1 and AR signaling promote docetaxel resistance in CRPC cells. However, docetaxel-resistant cells were collaterally sensitive to androgen deprivation because of down-regulation of AR expression, suggesting that the therapeutic effect of initial taxane treatment in hormone-naïve prostate cancer may be superior to that of salvage taxane treatment in CRPC.
Neonatal jaundice (1999)

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the most common reason for hospital readmission in the first 2 weeks of life. Kernicterus is still relatively uncommon but has been on the rise with the institution in the 1990's of aggressive early postnatal discharge policies. Bilirubin-induced complications can be prevented by instituting a neonatal jaundice protocol to identify infants at risk for significant hyperbilirubinemia, by ensuring adequate parental education and preparedness, and by implementing a good neonatal tracking system for follow-up care. Hyperbilirubinemia is easily treated with phototherapy, which can be administered at home in selected infants.
AGE-INDEPENDENT INDICES IN SECOND-TRIMESTER SERUM SCREENING FOR DOWN'S SYNDROME ARE USELESS (1996)

Serum screening for fetal Down's syndrome in the second trimester is far more efficient in older mothers than in younger ones because the risk calculation is based on maternal age. In recent publications, several authors have tried to better the 'classical' test for Down's syndrome screening by creating an age-independent index. This procedure, however, requires the assumption that at least for one parameter the mean MOM or the variance is not constant in relation to maternal age, leading to a smaller overlap in younger women. This study, based on almost 3000 normal cases and 161 cases with Down's syndrome, could not demonstrate any relationship between maternal age and MOM distribution for alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol, total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and free beta hCG. We conclude that for a constant false-positive rate, the detection rate of the 'classical' test for Down's syndrome screening in younger women cannot be bettered by creating an age-independent index.
The telomerase activator TA‐65 elongates short telomeres and increases health span of adult/old mice without increasing cancer incidence (2011)

Here, we show that a small-molecule activator of telomerase (TA-65) purified from the root of Astragalus membranaceus is capable of increasing average telomere length and decreasing the percentage of critically short telomeres and of DNA damage in haploinsufficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that harbor critically short telomeres and a single copy of the telomerase RNA Terc gene (G3 Terc(+/-) MEFs). Importantly, TA-65 does not cause telomere elongation or rescue DNA damage in similarly treated telomerase-deficient G3 Terc(-/-) littermate MEFs. These results indicate that TA-65 treatment results in telomerase-dependent elongation of short telomeres and rescue of associated DNA damage, thus demonstrating that TA-65 mechanism of action is through the telomerase pathway. In addition, we demonstrate that TA-65 is capable of increasing mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase levels in some mouse tissues and elongating critically short telomeres when supplemented as part of a standard diet in mice. Finally, TA-65 dietary supplementation in female mice leads to an improvement of certain health-span indicators including glucose tolerance, osteoporosis and skin fitness, without significantly increasing global cancer incidence.