gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin C in Iron-overloaded Human Plasma (1997)

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) can act as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant in vitro, depending on the absence or the presence, respectively, of redox-active metal ions. Some adults with iron-overload and some premature infants have potentially redox-active, bleomycin-detectable iron (BDI) in their plasma. Thus, it has been hypothesized that the combination of AA and BDI causes oxidative damage in vivo. We found that plasma of preterm infants contains high levels of AA and F2-isoprostanes, stable lipid peroxidation end products. However, F2-isoprostane levels were not different between those infants with BDI (138 +/- 51 pg/ml, n = 19) and those without (126 +/- 41 pg/ml, n = 10), and the same was true for protein carbonyls, a marker of protein oxidation (0.77 +/- 0.31 and 0.68 +/- 0.13 nmol/mg protein, respectively). Incubation of BDI-containing plasma from preterm infants did not result in detectable lipid hydroperoxide formation (</=10 nM cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides) as long as AA concentrations remained high. Furthermore, when excess iron was added to adult plasma, BDI became detectable, and endogenous AA was rapidly oxidized. Despite this apparent interaction between excess iron and endogenous AA, there was no detectable lipid peroxidation as long as AA was present at >10% of its initial concentration. Finally, when iron was added to plasma devoid of AA, lipid hydroperoxides were formed immediately, whereas endogenous and exogenous AA delayed the onset of iron-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that in iron-overloaded plasma, AA acts an antioxidant toward lipids. Furthermore, our data do not support the hypothesis that the combination of high plasma concentrations of AA and BDI, or BDI alone, causes oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in vivo.
The Freezing Response of an Arctic Cushion Plant, Saxifraga caespitosa L.: Acclimation, Freezing Tolerance and Ice Nucleation (1992)

Cold hardiness in actively growing plants of Saxifraga caespitosa L., an arctic and subarctic cushion plant, was examined. Plants collected from subarctic and arctic sites were cultivated in a phytotron at temperatures of 3, 9, 12 and 21 °C under a 24-h photoperiod, and examined for freezing tolerance using controlled freezing at a cooling rate of 3–4 °C either in air or in moist sand. Post-freezing injury was assessed by visual inspection and with chlorophyll fluorescence, which appeared to be well suited for the evaluation of injury in Saxifraga leaves. Freezing of excised leaves in moist sand distinguished well among the various treatments, but the differences were partly masked by significant supercooling when the tissue was frozen in air. Excised leaves, meristems, stem tissue and flowers supercooled to −9 to −15 °C, but in rosettes and in intact plants ice nucleation was initiated at −4 to −7 °C. The arctic plants tended to be more cold hardy than the subarctic plants, but in plants from both locations cold hardiness increased significantly with decreasing growth temperature. Plants grown at 12 °C or less developed resistance to freezing, and excised leaves of arctic Saxifraga grown at 3 °C survived temperatures down to about −20 °C. Exposure to −3 °C temperature for up to 5 d did not significantly enhance the hardiness obtained at 3 °C. When whole plants of arctic Saxifraga were frozen, with roots protected from freezing, they survived −15 °C and −25 °C when cultivated at 12 and 3 °C, respectively, although a high percentage of the leaves were killed. The basal level of freezing tolerance maintained in these plants throughout periods of active growth may have adaptive significance in subarctic and arctic environments.
A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ORAL ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS. (1962)

Journal Article A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ORAL ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS. Get access M. A. SMITH, M. A. SMITH The Departments of Dermatology, Bacteriology and Statistics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PAMELA M. WATERWORTH, PAMELA M. WATERWORTH The Departments of Dermatology, Bacteriology and Statistics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. P. CURWEN M. P. CURWEN The Departments of Dermatology, Bacteriology and Statistics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 March 1962, Pages 86–90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13461.x Published: 01 March 1962
Aspirin and cancer: has aspirin been overlooked as an adjuvant therapy? (2011)

Aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (Cox), and there is a significant body of epidemiological evidence demonstrating that regular aspirin use is associated with a decreased incidence of developing cancer. Interest focussed on selective Cox-2 inhibitors both as cancer prevention agents and as therapeutic agents in patients with proven malignancy until concerns were raised about their toxicity profile. Aspirin has several additional mechanisms of action that may contribute to its anti-cancer effect. It also influences cellular processes such as apoptosis and angiogenesis that are crucial for the development and growth of malignancies. Evidence suggests that these effects can occur through Cox-independent pathways questioning the rationale of focussing on Cox-2 inhibition alone as an anti-cancer strategy. Randomised studies with aspirin primarily designed to prevent cardiovascular disease have demonstrated a reduction in cancer deaths with long-term follow-up. Concerns about toxicity, particularly serious haemorrhage, have limited the use of aspirin as a cancer prevention agent, but recent epidemiological evidence demonstrating regular aspirin use after a diagnosis of cancer improves outcomes suggests that it may have a role in the adjuvant setting where the risk:benefit ratio will be different.
The N-Terminal Domain of G3BP Enhances Cell Motility and Invasion by Posttranscriptional Regulation of BART (2011)

The regulation of mRNA stability plays an important role in the control of gene expression during cell motility and invasion. We previously reported that GTPase-activating protein [Src homology 3 (SH3) domain] binding protein (G3BP), a marker of cytoplasmic stress granules that are formed in stressed cells and regulate mRNA stability, binds and degrades the mRNA of binder of Arl two (BART) that inhibits retroperitoneal invasion and hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Here, we report that overexpression of the amino (N)-terminal region of G3BP, including the binding region for BART mRNA, dominant-negatively inhibits formation of the complex between endogenous G3BP and BART mRNA, and increases the expression of BART. This, in turn, inhibits the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. On the other hand, the carboxy (C)-terminal region of G3BP is associated with phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) that initiates stress granule assembly but does not modulate the posttranscriptional regulation of BART mRNA. N-terminal G3BP also plays a role in regulating secreted matrix metalloproteinases, transcription factors, and a variety of genes involved in cell adhesion and motility. These results suggest that N-terminal G3BP contributes to posttranscriptional regulation of cell motility and invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer.
In-Situ Loading of Noble Metal Nanoparticles on Hydroxyl-Group-Rich Titania Precursor and Their Catalytic Applications (2007)

A novel in-situ route was developed to load well-dispersed palladium (Pd) nanoparticles on the surface of hydroxyl-group-rich titania precursor. Pd nanoparticles are formed by in-situ reduction of Pd(II) by Sn(II); the latter is linked to the surface of TiO2 precursors through inorganic grafting. The initial Pd nanoparticles then serve as seed for subsequent particle growth and allow us to systematically control the amount and size of the Pd nanoparticles by varying the amount of added PdCl2. The Pd nanoparticles, with no protection from ligands, are well-dispersed on the TiO2 precursor surface without aggregation even at a high Pd loading of 22.5 wt %. The method is also extended to introduce other noble metal nanoparticles including Au, Ag, Pt, and their bimetallic nanoparticles onto the TiO2 precursor surface. The as-obtained TiO2 precursor−Pd composite is a promising catalyst in nanocatalysis. As an example, the TiO2 precursor−Pd shows high catalytic activity for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and can be recycled multiple times without loss of activity.
The neuronal basis for consciousness (1998)

Attempting to understand how the brain, as a whole, might be organized seems, for the first time, to be a serious topic of inquiry. One aspect of its neuronal organization that seems particularly central to global function is the rich thalamocortical interconnectivity, and most particularly the reciprocal nature of the thalamocortical neuronal loop function. Moreover, the interaction between the specific and non-specific thalamic loops suggests that rather than a gate into the brain, the thalamus represents a hub from which any site in the cortex can communicate with any other such site or sites. The goal of this paper is to explore the basic assumption that large-scale, temporal coincidence of specific and non-specific thalamic activity generates the functional states that characterize human cognition.
The Tabby phenotype is caused by mutation in a mouse homologue of the<i>EDA</i>gene that reveals novel mouse and human exons and encodes a protein (ectodysplasin-A) with collagenous domains (1997)

Mouse Tabby (Ta) and X chromosome-linked human EDA share the features of hypoplastic hair, teeth, and eccrine sweat glands. We have cloned the Ta gene and find it to be homologous to the EDA gene. The gene is altered in two Ta alleles with a point mutation or a deletion. The gene is expressed in developing teeth and epidermis; no expression is seen in corresponding tissues from Ta mice. Ta and EDA genes both encode alternatively spliced forms; novel exons now extend the 3' end of the EDA gene. All transcripts recovered have the same 5' exon. The longest Ta cDNA encodes a 391-residue transmembrane protein, ectodysplasin-A, containing 19 Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats. The isoforms of ectodysplasin-A may correlate with differential roles during embryonic development.
Eficiência da microalga Chlorella minutissima no tratamento de resíduos de suinocultura enriquecido com uréia (2004)

0 acelerado crescimento da suinocultura, e a carência de tecnologias adequadas para o tratamento dos resíduos oriundos desta atividade, tem causado uma grande degradação ambiental com comprometimento dos recursos hídricos. 0 uso de microalgas para o tratamento de resíduos das atividades agro-pecuárias tem sido uma pi-Mica muito utilizada em vários 'Daises por apresentar muitas vantagens, pois além de ajudar na purificação dos efluentes, a biomassa algal produzida tem alto valor biológico e econômico. 0 presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com a microalga Chlorella minutissima. Com o objetivo de testar o processo em média escala, sob condições semicontroladas, verificou-se o efeito da adição de uréia no dejeto e o controle de pH através da suspensão da aeração. 0 efeito destes tratamentos sobre a eficiência do crescimento algal, bem como, a sua capacidade de remoção de agentes poluidores foi observada. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a eficiência de crescimento da microalga Chlorella minutissima, cultivada em meio de dejeto, com profundidade de 20 cm e numa concentração correspondente a 280 mg/L de DQO, não foi influenciada pela adição de ureia e o controle de pH quanto ao número de células. A microadga cultivada num sistema mixotrófico (alga e bacteria) é eficiente na redução da DQO, turbidez, sólidos totais, sólidos totais voláteis, sólidos suspensos totais, amônia, ortofosfato e fósforo total.
Power Converter EMI Analysis Including IGBT Nonlinear Switching Transient Model (2006)

It is well known that very high dv/dt and di/dt during the switching instant is the major high-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) source. This paper proposes an improved and simplified EMI-modeling method considering the insulated gate bipolar transistor switching-behavior model. The device turn-on and turn-off dynamics are investigated by dividing the nonlinear transition by several stages. The real device switching voltage and current are approximated by piecewise linear lines and expressed using multiple dv/dt and di/dt superposition. The derived EMI spectra suggest that the high-frequency noise is modeled with an acceptable accuracy. The proposed methodology is verified by experimental results using a dc-dc buck converter
On the efficacy of NBTI mitigation techniques (2011)

Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) has become an important reliability issue in modern semiconductor processes. Recent work has attempted to address NBTI-induced degradation at the architecture level. However, such work has relied on device-level analytical models that, we argue, are limited in their flexibility to model the impact of architecture-level techniques on NBTI degradation. In this paper, we propose a flexible numerical model for NBTI degradation that can be adapted to better estimate the impact of architecture-level techniques on NBTI degradation. Our model is a numerical solution to the reaction-diffusion equations describing NBTI degradation that has been parameterized to model the impact of dynamic voltage scaling, averaging effects across logic paths, power gating, and activity management We use this model to understand the effectiveness of different classes of architecture-level techniques that have been proposed to mitigate the effects of NBTI. We show that the potential benefits from these techniques are, for the most part, smaller than what has been previously suggested, and that guardbanding may still be an efficient way to deal with aging.
A point-focusing small angle x-ray scattering camera using a doubly curved monochromator of a W/Si multilayer (1996)

A point-focusing small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) camera using a doubly curved monochromator of a W/Si multilayer has been designed, constructed, and tested. The two radii of curvature of the monochromator are 20 400 and 7.6 mm. The reflectivity of its first-order Bragg reflection for CuKα radiation was calculated to be 0.82, being comparable to that (0.81) of its total reflection. By only 10 s x-ray exposure, scattering from a high-density polyethylene film was detected on an imaging plate (IP). A rotating-anode x-ray generator operated at 40 kV and 30 mA was used. Diffraction from rat-tail collagen has shown that the optical arrangement gives the Bragg spacing up to, at least, 30 nm for CuKα radiation. Combined with IPs, the camera may permit us to carry out time-resolved SAXS measurements for phase behaviors of liquid crystals, lipids, polymer alloys, etc., on conventional x-ray generators available in laboratories.
Metabolic Bone Disease (2007)

Metabolic diseases of bone cause disruption of normal bone formation, remodelling, mineralization or some combination of these. In this chapter, four such conditions are discussed: vitamin D deficiency disease (rickets, osteomalacia), vitamin C deficiency disease (scurvy), osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. These conditions are selected because the first two are sensitive indicators of past lifeways and diet and, hence, form important tools in biocultural studies of past populations; and the latter two are the most important metabolic diseases of bone today, are poorly understood, and palaeopathological study has the potential to increase our knowledge of them. For each condition, the pathophysiology of the disease is described, issues in palaeopathological diagnosis are considered and themes in its biocultural study in past populations are discussed. Finally, problems and potential for the future palaeopathological diagnosis and biocultural understanding of these conditions are considered.
Modulation of neurosteroid production in human neuroblastoma cells by Alzheimer's disease key proteins (2006)

Studies performed with animals suggest neurosteroid involvement in neuroprotection. However in humans, the role of neurosteroidogenesis in the regulation of degenerative processes is unknown. To determine whether cellular factors intervening in degenerative mechanisms may interfere with the process of neurosteroidogenesis in humans, we combined pulse-chase experiments with HPLC and continuous flow scintillation detection to compare neurosteroid production in normal and transfected SH-SY5Y cells with key proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microscope analyses revealed that cell morphology was unchanged in stably transfected SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing human native tau (hTau40), mutant tau (P301L), and wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APPwt) compared to controls. Biochemical investigations showed that hTau40 enhanced progesterone (PROG), 17OHPROG, testosterone, and 3alpha-androstanediol neosynthesis from pregnenolone. In contrast, tau with the pathogenic P301L mutation was devoid of action on neurosteroidogenesis. Overexpression of APPwt inhibited PROG formation, did not affect 17OHPROG and testosterone, but increased 3alpha-androstanediol and estradiol synthesis. Extracellular treatment of control cells with aggregated amyloid peptide mimicked the action of APPwt expression on PROG but not on 3alpha-androstanediol and estradiol production. Moreover, PROG biosynthesis in APPwt cells was up-regulated in the presence of a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Our results provide the first evidence for the regulation of neurosteroid biosynthesis by key proteins involved in the etiology of AD. The data suggest that pathogenic factors may induce neurodegeneration in humans through the reduction of the synthesis of endogenous neuroprotective neurosteroids in nerve cells.
A Review of the Wheeler Equation and Comparison of Its Applications to Organic Vapor Respirator Cartridge Breakthrough Data (1989)

This project was undertaken to study the effect of dry airflow rate and bed weight on organic vapor respirator cartridge breakthrough curves for a single vapor (acetone) and challenge concentration (1060 ppm average). Dried cartridges from a single manufactured lot were used. The data were analyzed using three applications of the Wheeler equation, including (1) varying bed weight, (2) varying residence time, and (3) fitting the breakthrough curve. These approaches are discussed and equations given. Values for the adsorption capacity (We) and the rate coefficient (kv) are presented and compared. Based on these comparisons, limitations of the Wheeler equation are discussed and guidelines given concerning its use.
A randomized controlled crossover study comparing synthetic porcine and human secretins with biologically derived porcine secretin to diagnose Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome (2001)

These data suggest that either synthetic secretin product, when released onto the United States market, can be used to confirm Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
Enhancement of esophageal carcinogenesis in male F344 rats by dietary phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PHITC) on N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in rats. Groups of 15 male F344 rats received weekly s.c. injections of NMBA in 20% dimethylsulfoxide or the vehicle alone for 15 consecutive weeks. Two weeks prior to initiation of carcinogen or vehicle injections rats were provided with modified AIN-76A diet or modified AIN-76A diet containing PHITC at levels of 0.4, 1.0 or 2.5 mumol/g diet. Experimental controls consisted of groups that received only the vehicle (vehicle controls), NMBA (carcinogen controls) or PHITC at the high dose level of 2.5 mumol/g diet. No esophageal tumors or preneoplastic lesions were detected in rats that received the vehicle or PHITC alone. In contrast, all rats treated with NMBA alone or PHITC + NMBA exhibited esophageal tumors and preneoplastic esophageal lesions. In groups that received PHITC + NMBA tumor multiplicity was increased by 21-69% when compared with rats treated with NMBA alone, indicating that PHITC enhanced esophageal tumorigenesis in this model system. These results, in conjunction with our previous work, demonstrate that arylalkyl isothiocyanates may inhibit or enhance esophageal tumorigenesis in the NMBA-treated rat. The ability of isothiocyanates to inhibit or enhance experimental tumorigenesis may depend on alkyl chain length of the isothiocyanate, the animal species examined and the specific carcinogen employed.
Interleukin-2 does not induce murine B cells to secrete Ig. (1982)

We previously defined two T cell-derived lymphokines, BDCF mu and BCDF gama, which induce B cell differentiation in the absence of IL 2. Although these studies indicated that IL 2 was not required to induce Ig secretion, the effect of IL 2 on B cell differentiation was not established. In the present studies we have assessed the ability of purified IL 2 to induce IgM or IgG secretion. Our results demonstrate that IL 2 does not induce IgM secretion by BCL1 tumor cells, nor does it enhance BCDF mu-induced IgM secretion by these cells. Similarly, IL 2 had no effect on LPS or BCDF gamma-induced IgG secretion by normal B cells. Thus, we conclude that IL 2 does not act directly on B cells to induce differentiation.
Well-Being and Symptoms in Relation to Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes (1998)

Initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes improves glycemic control effectively, has little influence on physical and psychological well-being dimensions, and does not affect treatment satisfaction.
Mutations in 23S rRNA are associated with clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori (1996)

Twelve clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates (100% of resistant isolates examined) from seven different patients each contained an A-->G transition mutation within a conserved loop of 23S rRNA. A-->G transition mutations at positions cognate with Escherichia coli 23S rRNA positions 2058 and 2059 were identified. Clarithromycin-susceptible H. pylori isolates from 14 different patients displayed no polymorphisms in a conserved loop within domain V of 23S rRNA. The study is the first to report mutations in H. pylori associated with resistance to an antimicrobial agent used in established peptic ulcer treatment regimens.