gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial juvenile colonic polyposis with associated colon cancer (1982)

A mother and son were found to have multiple juvenile polyps of the colon; later a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the large bowel developed in the mother. In both patients, histologic examination of the polyps did not reveal adenomas, but some of the juvenile polyps contained adenomatous-like elements. Because of the mother's history of colon cancer and the adenomatous features in some of the son's juvenile polyps, he underwent an elective subtotal colectomy. This family may represent a phenotype variation with features of both the juvenile and adenomatous polyposis syndromes and the presence of dysplasia of the glandular epithelium could be a marker of potential malignancy in patients with juvenile polyposis coli.
File Consistency Maintenance Through Virtual Servers in P2P Systems (2006)

As the tremendous growth in peer-to-peer (P2P) applications, the issues related to file consistency become critical. In this paper, an algorithm for file Consistency Maintenance through Virtual servers (CMV) is proposed for unstructured and decentralized P2P systems. In CMV, consistency of each dynamic file is maintained by a virtual server (VS). A file update can only be accepted through the VS to ensure the one-copy serializability. The VS of a file is a logical network composed of multiple replica peers (RPs) that have replicas of the file. Mathematical analysis is performed to determine the optimal parameter selections that achieve minimum overhead messages for maintaining file consistency. The numerical results indicate that CMV is well suited for efficient file consistency maintenance in P2P systems.
Bone marrow side population cells are enriched for progenitors capable of myogenic differentiation (2008)

Although the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to regenerating skeletal muscle has been repeatedly documented, there remains considerable debate as to whether this incorporation is exclusively a result of inflammatory cell fusion to regenerating myofibers or whether certain populations of bone marrow-derived cells have the capacity to differentiate into muscle. The present study uses a dual-marker approach in which GFP(+) cells were intravenously transplanted into lethally irradiated beta-galactosidase(+) recipients to allow for simple determination of donor and host contribution to the muscle. FACS analysis of cardiotoxin-damaged muscle revealed that CD45(+) bone-marrow side-population (SP) cells, a group enriched in hematopoietic stem cells, can give rise to CD45(-)/Sca-1(+)/desmin(+) cells capable of myogenic differentiation. Moreover, after immunohistochemical examination of the muscles of both SP- and whole bone marrow-transplanted animals, we noted the presence of myofibers composed only of bone marrow-derived cells. Our findings suggest that a subpopulation of bone marrow SP cells contains precursor cells whose progeny have the potential to differentiate towards a muscle lineage and are capable of de novo myogenesis following transplantation and initiation of muscle repair via chemical damage.
Carbohydrates and their derivatives including tannins, cellulose, and related lignins (1999)

Hardbound. This volume, containing 20 chapters, focuses on the biosynthesis of the different classes of carbohydrates and their derivatives. The first part of this volume concentrates on the three classes of glycan-bearing molecules that mediate bio-recognition events, namely, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans. Thus, the first four chapters highlight the key role played by glycosidases and glycosyl transferases in the processing of glycan chains in glycoproteins and on inhibitors of the glycosidases. The next two chapters feature the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids, sphingolipid transport and degradation, and the regulation of glycolipid biosynthesis in developing tissues and tumor cells. Chapter 7 is devoted to the biosynthesis of proteoglycans with particular emphasis on the glycosaminoglycans. In the second part, the volume treats the molecules of importance in protozoans and bacteria. Thus, chapter 8 describes the biosynthesis o
Real-Time Elastography for Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Viral Hepatitis (2007)

Real-time elastography is a new and promising sonography-based noninvasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
Opacity -- Further Insights on an Information Flow Property (2006)

In [1], [2], [3] Bryans et al define a security property known as opacity. In this paper, we investigate possible relationships between opacity and several existing definitions for information flow, namely noninterference [8], [9], non-inference [15], nondeducibility [20] and nonleakage [21]. We show that non-interference implies opacity, and that non-inference is equivalent to opacity. We also show that the remaining two properties can be cast directly as opacity. Here, we refer to suitably defined forms of opacity. This work indicates the potential flexibility of opacity, and establishes its distinct characteristics.
Existing policies (2002)

A good starting point would be to assess the success of your existing policy in terms of supporting the children with special educational needs in your setting. All staff members should be involved in this. Assess how effective the policy is in practice by giving thought to the following areas:
Synthesizing data structure transformations from input-output examples (2015)

We present a method for example-guided synthesis of functional programs over recursive data structures. Given a set of input-output examples, our method synthesizes a program in a functional language with higher-order combinators like map and fold. The synthesized program is guaranteed to be the simplest program in the language to fit the examples. Our approach combines three technical ideas: inductive generalization, deduction, and enumerative search. First, we generalize the input-output examples into hypotheses about the structure of the target program. For each hypothesis, we use deduction to infer new input/output examples for the missing subexpressions. This leads to a new subproblem where the goal is to synthesize expressions within each hypothesis. Since not every hypothesis can be realized into a program that fits the examples, we use a combination of best-first enumeration and deduction to search for a hypothesis that meets our needs. We have implemented our method in a tool called λ2, and we evaluate this tool on a large set of synthesis problems involving lists, trees, and nested data structures. The experiments demonstrate the scalability and broad scope of λ2. A highlight is the synthesis of a program believed to be the world's earliest functional pearl.
CSF Aβ<sub>42</sub> and tau in Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment (2010)

We tested the hypothesis that the CSF biomarker signature associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is present in a subset of individuals with Parkinson's disease and Dementia (PD-D) or with PD and Cognitive Impairment, Not Dementia (PD-CIND). We quantified CSF Aβ(42), total tau (T-tau), and phospho-tau (P181-tau) using commercially available kits. Samples were from 345 individuals in seven groups (n): Controls ≤50 years (35), Controls >50 years (115), amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (24), AD (49), PD (49), PD-CIND (62), and PD-D (11). We observed expected changes in AD or aMCI compared with age-matched or younger controls. CSF Aβ(42) was reduced in PD-CIND (P < 0.05) and PD-D (P < 0.01), whereas average CSF T-tau and P181-tau were unchanged or decreased. One-third of PD-CIND and one-half of PD-D patients had the biomarker signature of AD. Abnormal metabolism of Aβ(42) may be a common feature of PD-CIND and PD-D.
Validation Methods for S-parameter Measurement Based Models of Differential Transmission Lines (2008)

Signal Integrity engineers are typically simulating systems using simulation models and measuring signals in systems using instruments. Often, during the design process, simulated models are replaced with measurement based models – those typically generated using a VNA or TDR. There is often confusion during this process for two reasons. First, the measurement based models often look different than the simulation models. Second, the measurement based models and simulation based models produce different waveform results in simulation. This is compounded by the fact that systems nowadays are usually differential. Engineers need some insight to validate measurement based models. This paper provides basic information on how to interpret s-parameter based models and how to create reasonable expectations on the measurement methods and on the models performance. It also provides methods to tie simulation and measurement together to validate models through time-domain co-simulation – the process of mixing real measurements and simulation techniques.
The surgical management of intercostal lung herniation using bioprosthesis (2011)

Lung hernia is a rare occurrence. Consequently there is little literature providing guidance to effective management. Classified as congenital or acquired, there are fewer than 300 cases described in current literature (1). We describe a unique method for the management of spontaneous rib fractures and, resulting posterior lung herniation in a 65 year old man following a bout of coughing.
Second‐generation nanofiltered plasma‐derived mannan‐binding lectin product: process and characteristics (2007)

A second-generation MBL process was developed with an average yield of 50%. It was possible to nanofilter the MBL-MASP complexes through Planova 20N with only a minor loss resulting in an increased safety profile of this MBL product.
Recombinant immune interferon increases immunoglobulin G Fc receptors on cultured human mononuclear phagocytes. (1983)

Although recent studies suggest that interferons can increase the number of IgG Fc receptor (FcR gamma) sites on mouse macrophages, direct assessment of similar effects on human mononuclear phagocytes is lacking. We therefore measured the specific binding of 125I- and fluorescein-labeled IgG1 to human monocytes and leukemic cell lines after culture in vitro with highly purified human interferons. We report that natural and recombinant human gamma-interferon causes a dramatic (nearly 10-fold) increase in the number of FcR gamma on normal human monocytes and on the human cell lines HL-60 and U-937. Alpha and beta-interferons cause a modest but significant increase in these receptors. This report demonstrates that gamma-interferon acts directly on human mononuclear phagocytes to increase FcR gamma sites, it identifies a qualitative difference in the physiologic actions of human type I and type II interferons, and it suggests that HL-60 and U-937 cells will be important models for further study of the molecular mechanisms of interferon action. The results reported here could also be the basis for a bioassay to assess the pharmacokinetics and variability of gamma-interferon action on monocytes of individual patients during treatment in vitro and in vivo.
Efficacy of tumor cell extracts in immunotherapy of murine EL-4 leukemia. (1979)

Abstract The ability of water-soluble tumor-associated antigens, in combination with chemotherapy, to cause regression of established EL-4 lymphocytic leukemia in C57BL/10 mice was determined. Extracts of EL-4 (G-) cells obtained by solubilization with 3 m KCI (SAE:EL-4) contained tumor-associated antigens as measured by immunodiffusion and inhibition of complement-dependent cytotoxicity using either rabbit or C57BL/10 anti-EL-4 sera. Tumors were established by s.c. injection of 2 to 5 × 10 4 ascites-grown EL-4 tumor cells. Twenty-five- or 100-µg quantities of mitomycin C were administered by intralesional injection 7 days after implantation when the tumors were about 4 mm in diameter. Intralesional injection 2 days later of oil-in-water emulsions containing 150 or 300 µg SAE:EL-4 caused complete regression of tumors in 50 to 80% ( p 2 PO 4 -NaHPO 4 , pH 7.3). Animals cured with combination therapy rejected a retransplant of EL-4 cells but not a transplant of B-16 tumor cells. High cytotoxic activity against EL-4 cells was detected in the sera from mice cured with either chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. All of these findings demonstrate that it is possible to isolate tumor-associated antigens that act as immunostimulants and possess, when emulsified in oil droplets and combined with intratumor chemotherapy, high tumor regressive activity.
H 2 S exposure of a (100)Ge surface: Evidences for a (2×1) electrically passivated surface (2007)

The experimental study of the bonding geometry of a (100)Ge surface exposed to H2S in the gas phase at 330°C shows that 1 ML S coverage with (2×1) surface reconstruction can be achieved. The amount of S on the Ge surface and the observed surface periodicity can be explained by the formation of disulfide bridges between Ge–Ge dimers on the surface. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations confirm the preserved (2×1) reconstruction after dissociative adsorption of H2S molecules on a (100)Ge (2×1) surface, and predict the formation of (S–H)–(S–H) inter-Ge dimer bridges, i.e., disulfide bridges interacting via hydrogen bonding. The computed energy band gap of this atomic configuration is shown to be free of surface states, a very important finding for the potential application of Ge in future high performance integrated circuits.
Nek1 kinase associates with ATR–ATRIP and primes ATR for efficient DNA damage signaling (2013)

The master checkpoint kinase ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) and its partner ATRIP (ATR-interacting protein) exist as a complex and function together in the DNA damage response. Unexpectedly, we found that the stability of the ATR-ATRIP complex is regulated by an unknown kinase independently of DNA damage. In search for this regulator of ATR-ATRIP, we found that a single member of the NIMA (never in mitosis A)-related kinase family, Nek1, is critical for initiating the ATR response. Upon DNA damage, cells lacking Nek1 failed to efficiently phosphorylate multiple ATR substrates and support ATR autophosphorylation at threnine 1989, one of the earliest events during the ATR response. The ability of Nek1 to promote ATR activation relies on the kinase activity of Nek1 and its interaction with ATR-ATRIP. Importantly, even in undamaged cells, Nek1 is required for maintaining the levels of ATRIP, the association between ATR and ATRIP, and the basal kinase activity of ATR. Thus, as an ATR-associated kinase, Nek1, enhances the stability and activity of ATR-ATRIP before DNA damage, priming ATR-ATRIP for a robust DNA damage response.
Low stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes, following in vitro application of Emdogain® (1998)

Fast tissue regeneration after therapeutic manipulations is a central problem of periodontology, oral surgery and trauma of the periodontal tissues, including bone. Several products, which augment tissue regeneration, have been manufactured and assayed in clinical practice with positive results. Emdogain is a recent addition in this field, as a tissue-regenerating product. The substance is a derivative of amelogenin, obtained from porcine embryonic tissues. At the present time, it is not known whether the substance can induce a local (due to the uptake of the substance) or systemic immune response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the ability of Emdogain to influence, in vitro, the immune system. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, isolated for 10 healthy donors, were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of the substance, in order to determine the rate of cell proliferation, the expression of surface antigens and the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Under our experimental conditions, Emdogain produced a slight increase of the proliferation of lymphocytes, restricted to the CD25 (IL-2 receptor) fraction of the CD4 positive T-lymphocytes, and a concomitant decrease of CD19 positive B-lymphocytes. Other cell fractions (CD8 positive T-cells, B-cells and NK-cells) were not affected. Under our conditions too, immunoglobulin and cytokin (IL-2 and IL-6) production was not modified, even after a 3-day application of concentrations much higher than those used in clinical practice. Our data suggest that Emdogain slightly induce an immune response, restricted to the activated fraction of CD4 T-lymphocytes in vitro.
Measuring Proton Currents of Bioinspired Materials with Metallic Contacts (2017)

Charge transfer at the interface between the active layer and the contact is essential in any device. Transfer of electronic charges across the contact/active layer interface with metal contacts is well-understood. To this end, noble metals, such as gold or platinum, are widely used. With these contacts, ionic currents (especially protonic) are often neglected because ions and protons do not transfer across the interface between the contact and the active layer. Palladium hydride contacts have emerged as good contacts to measure proton currents because of a reversible redox reaction at the interface and subsequent absorption/desorption of H into palladium, translating the proton flow reaching the interface into an electron flow at the outer circuit. Here, we demonstrate that gold and palladium contacts also collect proton currents, especially under high relative humidity conditions because of electrochemical reactions at the interface. A marked kinetic isotope effect, which is a signature of proton currents, is observed with gold and palladium contacts, indicating both bulk and contact processes involving proton transfer. These phenomena are attributed to electrochemical processes involving water splitting at the interface. In addition to promoting charge transfer at the interface, these interfacial electrochemical processes inject charge carriers into the active layer and hence can also modulate the bulk resistivity of the materials, as was found for the studied peptide fibril films. We conclude that proton currents may not be neglected a priori when performing electronic measurements on biological and bioinspired materials with gold and palladium contacts under high humidity conditions.
Reducing the number of shadow rays in bidirectional path tracing (1995)

Bidirectional path tracing is a fairly new Monte Carlo algorithm for physically based rendering. Introduced as a generalisation of path tracing, the algorithm traces paths for each pixel, not only from the eye point but also from the light sources. It subsequently links the intersection points on the respective paths by means of shadow rays. Each shadow ray determines if a lighting contribution has to be added to the estimate of the radiance of the pixel. In this paper we present a technique which reduces the number of shadow rays that are traced effectively. The resulting slight increase in the variance of the stochastic process can be undone by taking more samples. Practical tests show that the approach yields a reduction of the variance for the same amount of work.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the thermal electrocyclic interconversions of perfluorinated dienes and cyclobutenes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic and thermodynamic studies of the thermal electrocyclic interconversions of perfluorinated dienes and cyclobutenesWilliam R. Dolbier Jr., Henryk Koroniak, Donald J. Burton, Pamela L. Heinze, A. R. Bailey, G. S. Shaw, and S. W. HansenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 1, 219–225Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00235a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00235a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lightweight power line communications for Smart Grid applications with standard RFID tags (2012)

This paper introduces a lightweight power line communication system on the basis of an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) approach. Standard passive LF (low frequency) RFID components for the 125 kHz band are connected to power lines of a low-voltage grid in order to establish a communication, where one side consists of passive transponders. Such a system can be used for various applications within a Smart Grid which require low complexity, low deployment costs and high reliability. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of such a system in a low voltage environment with particular attention on the coupling circuitry.
Drivers' decision-making when attempting to cross an intersection results from choice between affordances (2015)

In theory, a safe approach to an intersection implies that drivers can simultaneously manage two scenarios: they either choose to cross or to give way to an oncoming vehicle. In this article we formalize the critical time for safe crossing (CT cross ) and the critical time for safe stopping (CT stop ) to represent crossing and stopping possibilities, respectively. We describe these critical times in terms of affordances and empirically test their respective contribution to the driver's decision-making process. Using a driving simulator, three groups of participants drove cars with identical acceleration capabilities and different braking capabilities. They were asked to try to cross an intersection where there was an oncoming vehicle, if they deemed the maneuver to be safe. If not, they could decide to stop or, as a last resort, make an emergency exit. The intersections were identical among groups. Results showed that although the crossing possibilities (CT cross ) were the same for all groups, there were between-group differences in crossing frequency. This suggests that stopping possibilities (CT stop ) play a role in the driver's decision-making process, in addition to the crossing possibilities. These results can be accounted for by a behavioral model of decision making, and provide support for the hypothesis of choice between affordances.
Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Development of Immunity against<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>Infection (2006)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) significantly reduced Cryptosporidium parvum development in a murine enterocyte cell line, and a key mechanism of action appeared to be inhibition of parasite invasion. However, TNF-alpha-deficient mice controlled infection as effectively as wild-type mice. This suggests that TNF-alpha might have only a redundant role for establishing immunity against C. parvum.