gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Application of simultaneous flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/DNA analysis. 2. Basic study to apply as a chemosensitivity test]. (1988)

We developed a new method to rapidly measure the effectiveness of certain anticancer drugs by analyzing their effects on cell kinetics and cell cycle progression of labeled cells using simultaneous flow cytometric BrdU/DNA analysis. Three anticancer drugs, adriamycin (ADR), vincristine (VCR), and cisplatin (CDDP) were tested using the cultured cell line (MBT-2) originated from FANFT-induced mouse bladder tumor. The effects of these drugs were compared with percent colony survivals calculated by colony assay. The anticancer effects (IC90 levels) of ADR and CDDP could be determined by analyzing the effect of the drug on cell kinetics and cell cycle progression using the aforementioned method. However, in the case of VCR no relationship was found between the effect of the drug on cell kinetics and its anticancer effectiveness. Therefore, we must search for a better parameter for VCR, such as the inhibition rate of BrdU uptake.
Epidermal Cell Cultures from Involved Skin of Patients with Mammary and Extramammary Paget's Disease. (1997)

In involved epidermis, Paget cells are completely enclosed by the surrounding keratinocytes, which appear to be intact and unaltered. It is possible that the surrounding keratinocytes inhibit Paget cell proliferation. Accordingly, Paget cells might proliferate differently when cultured as an epidermal cell suspension. In this study, primary monolayer cultures of epithelial cells from involved epidermis of patients with mammary and extramammary Paget's disease were carried out to investigate whether Paget cells proliferate in the same manner as other malignant cells. Skin samples were obtained from one patient with mammary Paget's disease, and from 2 patients with extramammary Paget's disease. The epidermis was separated from the dermis with dispase, and epidermal cell suspensions were obtained with ethylenediamine tetraacetate and trypsin. A commercially available serum-free media, Keratinocyte-SFM, was used. Epithelial monolayers from the involved skin could be maintained for approximately 45 days, while keratinocytes from normal skin were maintained for approximately 35 days. The mechanism for the longer survival of the mixed cell culture of keratinocytes and Paget cells is not known. Permanent cell lines were not developed from these primary cultures. Paget cells could not be distinguished from keratinocytes by phase-contrast microscopy. The proportion of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positive cells in the culture did not increase, but instead decreased. In certain areas of the dish, the CEA positive cells proliferated and accumulated like mushrooms. However, at the periphery of the dish, the Paget cells identified by immunostaining for CEA were dispersed and not clustered. These findings indicate that the influence of keratinocytes on Paget cells also occurs in cultured cells, which may explain why Paget cells survive longer than keratinocytes. In conclusion, the Paget cells in the involved epidermis do not proliferate like other malignant cells.
Activation of Monocytic Cells Through Fcγ Receptors Induces the Expression of Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES (2002)

Monocytic cells were stimulated with IgG-OVA equivalence immune complexes, mAb reacting with FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIIA, and FcgammaRIII, LPS, TNF-alpha, and the combination of ionomycin and phorbol ester, to address their effects on the expression of the mRNAs encoding for chemokines. Stimulation of monocytes with immune complexes induced a rapid expression of macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and IL-8 mRNAs. In contrast, RANTES mRNA was already detectable in resting cells and only increased after 16 h of stimulation. A similar pattern was observed following homotypic stimulation of FcgammaR with mAb reacting with FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIIA, but not with a mAb reacting with FcgammaRIII, a subtype of receptor not expressed in THP-1 cells, thus indicating that both FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIIA are involved in the response. The pattern of chemokine induction elicited by LPS and the combination of ionomycin and PMA showed some similarities to those produced by FcgammaR cross-linking, although expression of IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 mRNA was also observed in response to those agonists. The production of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES proteins encompassing the induction of their mRNAs was confirmed by specific ELISA. Experiments to address the transcription factors involved in the regulation of MIP-1alpha using pharmacological agents and EMSA showed the possible involvement of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta sites and ruled out the functional significance of both NF-AT and AP-1 sites.
Dynamic Electrochemistry Corrects for Hematocrit Interference on Blood Glucose Determinations with Patient Self-Measurement Devices (2011)

As hematocrit variations occur in daily routine (e.g., because of smoking, exercise, hypermenorrhea, pregnancy, stay in mountains, and hemodialysis), our results may encourage use of meters with stable performance under these conditions. Dynamic electrochemistry as used in the BGStar device (sanofi-aventis) appears to be an effective technology to correct for potential hematocrit influence on the meter results.
DAMAGE AND ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF THE MULLEIN BUG, <i>CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI</i> (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE), ON APPLE IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY (1989)

Abstract First-generation mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), nymphs damaged four major cultivars of apple in commercial and research orchards from 1982 to 1984. In commercial orchards, C . verbasci was ranked among the top three pests in 22 of 40 samples collected at harvest, and its damage exceeded the economic injury level of 1% culled apples in 17 of the samples. Injury was greatest in "Delicious" cultivars, for which a linear relationship was derived between population density and damage at harvest. Economic injury levels of one and four nymphs per tap are proposed for cvs. Golden and Red Delicious, respectively, in British Columbia.
Advanced glycosylation end products: A new disease marker for diabetes and aging (1993)

Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are a potentially useful marker for monitoring glycemic control, predicting the risk of diabetes- and aging-associated clinical complications, and monitoring the treatment of patients with micro- and macrovascular diseases, including retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and neuropathy. AGEs or AGE-proteins are derived from nonenzymatically glycated proteins (Amadori products) after further cross-linking with other proteins and additional rearrangement. AGE-proteins can be assayed by either radioreceptor or immunoassays in blood and tissues. No commercial kit is available at this time.
Stability of [123I]IBZM SPECT measurement of amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release in humans (1999)

Binding competition between endogenous dopamine (DA) and the D2 receptor radiotracer [123I]IBZM allows measurement of the change in synaptic DA following amphetamine challenge with SPECT in the living human brain. Previous investigations using this technique in healthy subjects have shown that the magnitude of amphetamine effect on [123I]IBZM binding potential (BP) is small (range between 5 to 15% decrease), and that a large between-subject variability in this effect is observed. Therefore, it was unclear how much of the apparent between-subject variability was due to a low signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement, vs. true between-subject differences in the magnitude of the response. The goals of this investigation were to test the within-subject reproducibility and reliability of amphetamine-induced decrease in [123I]IBZM BP with a test/retest paradigm, and to establish the presence or absence of tolerance or sensitization to single administration ofi.v. amphetamine. Six healthy male subjects, never previously exposed to psychostimulants, twice underwent measurement of striatal amphetamine-induced DA release (between-measurement interval 16 +/- 10 days) using SPECT and the [123I]IBZM constant infusion technique. Results demonstrated an excellent within-subject reproducibility of amphetamine-induced DA release: amphetamine-induced decreases in [123I]IBZM BP were significant on each day, and had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89. Moreover, values from the second experiment were not significantly different from first experiment, suggesting the absence of either sensitization or tolerance to the effect of amphetamine on DA release in these experimental conditions. The subjective activation, as rated by the subjects on analog scales, was also highly reproducible. In conclusion, this scanning technique provides a reliable measurement of amphetamine-induced reduction of [123I]IBZM BP and enables detection of between-subject differences that appear stable over time.
Calculations of magnetic variations induced by internal ocean waves (1970)

Previous theoretical and experimental work has shown that the motion of an ocean swell across the earth's main field induces magnetic signals of detectable magnitude. Here we present calculations giving the magnetic field induced by internal waves whose periods fall in the range 1–30 min. Solutions for the induced field, both within and above the ocean, are derived for a two-layer ocean of finite depth. The magnitude of the field associated with internal waves is less important than that induced by the shorter-period surface waves, but under certain conditions it may become quite significant. For example, internal waves of about 10-meter amplitude and 5½-min period 100 meters below the surface of a deep ocean whose layer densities are in the ratio 1.01 induce magnetic fields of the order of 1γ at 50 meters above and 300 meters below the surface.
Enzyme polymorphism and clinical variability of diseases: study of acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) in obese subjects. (1990)

The ACP1*A allele of erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) has a lower enzymatic activity when compared to other ACP1 alleles and is associated with maximal rate of body growth during intrauterine life. In three different samples of obese subjects (total number = 218). ACP1*A was associated with extreme body mass deviations. No difference in ACP1 allele distribution was observed between obese and nonobese subjects. These data suggest that a genetically determined variability of ACP1 influences the degree of obesity, but only when obesity itself has been triggered by some other factors.
Comparison of a Radiometric Procedure with Conventional Methods for Identification of <i>Neisseria</i> (1978)

A radiometric procedure was compared with the conventional cystine tryptic agar (CTA) sugar fermentation method for identification of Neisseria species. Four different ATCC cultures of Neisseria were identified by both procedures with identical results. The only difference noted was that the radiometric procedure required 3 h for completion, whereas the conventional CTA sugar method required overnight incubation. The radiometric procedure was also compared with the fluorescent antibody (FA) and CTA methods for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The organisms examined were gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococci isolated from 49 clinical specimens sent to the laboratory for bacteriological analysis. Results obtained by both CTA and FA procedures were comparable. However, the radioisotope method appeared to be superior to the other two methods in that only one isolate identified as positive by both the CTA and FA methods was not identified radiometrically, whereas four isolates positive by the radiometric method were not identified by the other two procedures. Thus, a total of seven more positive identifications were made radiometrically than by either of the two other methods. All positive identifications were confirmed by a reference laboratory. These results indicate that the radiometric procedure is more rapid and reliable as compared with both the CTA and direct FA methods and, thus, may serve as a valuable addition to the methodology available for diagnostic microbiology.
Role of Stretch on Tight Junction Structure in Alveolar Epithelial Cells (2001)

Previous studies have demonstrated that high tidal volumes can cause interstitial and alveolar edema, with degradation of pulmonary epithelial barrier integrity. Separate studies have shown that F-actin disruption and decreased intracellular ATP (ATP(i)) levels in the nonpulmonary epithelium can increase tight junction (TJ) permeability. We hypothesized that large epithelial stretch perturbs ATP(i) and actin architecture, each of which adversely affects TJ structure, and thus increases TJ permeability. Primary alveolar epithelial cells were subjected to a uniform 25% or 37% change in surface area (DeltaSA), cyclic biaxial stretch (15 cycles/min) for 1 h, or treated with either glycolytic metabolic inhibitors or cytoskeletal disrupting agents. Unstretched, untreated cells served as controls. Changes in the TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 were determined by immunocytochemical evaluation. A stretch amplitude of 25% DeltaSA did not produce any significant cytologic changes compared with controls, but an amplitude of 37% DeltaSA stretch resulted in significant decreases in the intensity of the peripheral occludin band, the degree of cell-cell attachment (CCA), and total cellular occludin content. ATP depletion significantly diminished the occludin band intensity and decreased CCA. Actin disruption did not affect TJ protein band intensities (although the occludin distribution became punctate) but altered CCA. Untreated cells stretched cyclically at 25% or 50% DeltaSA for 1 h had significantly decreased ATP(i) compared with unstretched controls. These results suggest that stretch-induced ATP(i) reduction and actin perturbation disrupt TJ structure and CCA, which may lead to the alveolar flooding associated with high tidal volumes.
Some Issues of Micro and Small Enterprises in Wolaita Soddo Town of SNNPR, Ethiopia and Implication for Technical and Vocational Education and Skills Training: Leather Sector in Extra Emphasis. (2016)

Technical and Vocational Education & skills Training (TVET) and Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs) are so significant sectors in socio-economic development journey of a country. This Article was aimed at investigating empirically the challenges that Micro and Small Enterprises facing and the extent of business development services provided by TVET College with extra emphasis of Leather based MSEs in Wolayta Soddo town. Both quantitative and qualitative study methods were employed through questionnaire, observation, interview and secondary data reviewing. To this end, 36 respondents from selected MSESs were participated through in open and close ended patterns of the questionnaire. Whereas, 5 respondents from relevant sector government offices were involved in interview sessions. Moreover, MSEs marketing and production centers have been observed. Furtherly, secondary data collected from various sources were reviewed.  Thus, some untapped opportunities for MSEs indicated and extra due attention suggested for leather sector as it is clear that Ethiopia has a clear comparative advantage in raw skin and hides production even if this comparative advantage is not yet turned into a competitive advantage in the global market. Some major constraints of the sectors like market constraint, finance constraint, land constraint and input constraint have been discussed. Most importantly, pre-job and in-job skill training areas were recommended to continuously capacitate MSE operators through TVET curriculum and existing structure. Keywords: Wolayta Soddo, Leather sector, MSEs, TVET, advises/training service
Designing Interaction for Chatbot-Based Conversational Commerce with User-Centered Design (2018)

Chatbot-based conversational commerce which allows buyers to do online shopping by conversing with chatbot through messaging application has been growing in the e-commerce industry. However, based on studies conducted in this paper, findings show that interaction design of the existing conversational commerce are still lacking in various areas. Therefore, an interaction and interface design for chatbot-based conversational commerce are developed in this study using user-centered design. The outcome of this study is a prototype that fulfills the usability goal and the user experience goal defined for chatbot-based conversational commerce on mobile platform especially for Indonesian users. We conduct usability testing to evaluate the prototype. The results show that the prototype fulfills the defined usability goals and user experience goals as 100% users agree that the prototype is effective to use, efficient to use, easy to learn, enjoyable and helpful, although only 83.3% users agree that the prototype is safe to use.
A position-and-velocity sensorless control for brushless DC motors using an adaptive sliding mode observer (1992)

The sliding mode observer is robust to measurement noises. Since the switching signals of the sliding mode observer contain the induced voltages of the motors, it is possible to obtain the position and velocity of the motors directly from the switching signals. Although the estimated position can be used for locating the position of the rotor, the estimated velocity is heavily contaminated by noises from the switching signals. This direct method nullifies the merit of the sliding mode observer. Thus, the authors also present an adaptive scheme for robust estimation of the velocity of brushless DC motors. Stability of the adaptive scheme is assured, and estimation errors due to parameter deviations are analyzed. A method of parameter adjustment is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Monitoring of Newly Synthesized Proteomes: Up‐Regulation of Myristoylated Protein Kinase A During Butyric Acid Induced Apoptosis (2011)

Doubly charged: A double metabolic incorporation approach capable of proteome-wide profiling of post-translational modification dynamics on newly synthesized proteins has been developed (see scheme; blue box: methionine surrogate, orange diamond: PTM probe). This strategy reveals for the first time that up-regulation of myristoylated PKA protein is necessary for the occurrence of butyric acid induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electrospun Fibers as a Dressing Material for Drug and Biological Agent Delivery in Wound Healing Applications (2018)

Wound healing is a complex tissue regeneration process that promotes the growth of new tissue to provide the body with the necessary barrier from the outside environment. In the class of non-healing wounds, diabetic wounds, and ulcers, dressing materials that are available clinically (e.g., gels and creams) have demonstrated only a slow improvement with current available technologies. Among all available current technologies, electrospun fibers exhibit several characteristics that may provide novel replacement dressing materials for the above-mentioned wounds. Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent achievements in electrospun drug-eluting fibers for wound healing applications. In particular, we review drug release, including small molecule drugs, proteins and peptides, and gene vectors from electrospun fibers with respect to wound healing. Furthermore, we provide an overview on multifunctional dressing materials based on electrospun fibers, including those that are capable of achieving wound debridement and wound healing simultaneously as well as multi-drugs loading/types suitable for various stages of the healing process. Our review provides important and sufficient information to inform the field in development of fiber-based dressing materials for clinical treatment of non-healing wounds.
Deep Character-Level Click-Through Rate Prediction for Sponsored Search (2017)

Predicting the click-through rate of an advertisement is a critical component of online advertising platforms. In sponsored search, the click-through rate estimates the probability that a displayed advertisement is clicked by a user after she submits a query to the search engine. Commercial search engines typically rely on machine learning models trained with a large number of features to make such predictions. This inevitably requires a lot of engineering efforts to define, compute, and select the appropriate features. In this paper, we propose two novel approaches (one working at character level and the other working at word level) that use deep convolutional neural networks to predict the click-through rate of a query-advertisement pair. Specifically, the proposed architectures only consider the textual content appearing in a query-advertisement pair as input, and produce as output a click-through rate prediction. By comparing the character-level model with the word-level model, we show that language representation can be learnt from scratch at character level when trained on enough data. Through extensive experiments using billions of query-advertisement pairs of a popular commercial search engine, we demonstrate that both approaches significantly outperform a baseline model built on well-selected text features and a state-of-the-art word2vec-based approach. Finally, by combining the predictions of the deep models introduced in this study with the prediction of the model in production of the same commercial search engine, we significantly improve the accuracy and the calibration of the click-through rate prediction of the production system.
Development of an Automatic Metal Analysis System for Boiling Water Reactor Primary Water and Its Application (1993)

With the recent increase in the number of operating nuclear plants, the need for automatic collection of water chemistry control data, computer processing, and data assessment and diagnosis are increasing. To fulfill these needs, a water chemistry general management system is being developed. As part of this program, an automatic metal analyzer has been developed, andfunctional verification tests have been conducted at an operating boiling water reactor plant.It is very difficult to automatically sample metal impurities in cooling water since they are usually analyzed after being collected in a filter. With this automatic analyzer, however, metal impurities can be analyzed continuously by ion-exchange chromatography after being heated and dissolved. The measurement results confirm that analysis of iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, etc., is possible at a minimum detection limit of 0.01 ppb.It is possible by this means to construct an in-line automatic analysis system for a nuclear reactor primary system. Used in combination with a water chemistry diagnosis system, this will improve the measures for preventive maintenance employed in nuclear power plants.