gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carotenoid Analyses of Selected Raw and Cooked Foods Associated With a Lower Risk for Cancer (1990)

We examined the carotenoid content of selected foods consistently found to be associated with a lower risk for various epithelial cancers in epidemiologic studies. Both raw and cooked samples of green, leafy vegetables and yellow or orange vegetables were quantitatively examined by high-performance liquid chromatography for individual carotenoid content. The results indicated that fresh, green, leafy vegetables were moderately high in beta carotene (0.5-14.6 mg/100 g) and very high in oxygenated carotenoids or xanthophylls, primarily lutein and its stereoisomers (2.3-63.0 mg/100g) [corrected]. The fresh, yellow or orange vegetables examined were very high in beta carotene (16.0-120.5 mg/100 g) [corrected] but had no detectable nonhydrocarbon carotenoids. Cooking differentially reduced the lutein content compared with the beta carotene content in green, leafy vegetables. These analyses suggest that consumption of carotenoids in addition to beta carotene may be associated with a lower risk for cancer.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Chronic Stress in Five Inbred Rat Strains: Differential Responses Are Mainly Located at the Adrenocortical Level (1996)

The effects of chronic stress on the hypothalamic-pituaitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis were studied in five inbred rat strains, i.e. Brown Norway (BN), Fischer (FIS), Lewis (LEW), Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Previously, these rat strains had been shown to display clear behavioral differences in the forced swimming test that presumably measures depression-like behavior, BN and WKY being more passive than the other strains. Here we test the hypothesis that the differences in behavioral immobility might be associated with an abnormal HPA response to chronic immobilization (IMO) stress. In stressnaive rats under basal conditions (morning) there were no differences among strains in adrenal weight, serum adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (B) levels, cortictropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and hippocampal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor (GR and MR) mRNA. After chronic IMO, basal serum ACTH levels were increased in LEW, SHR and WKY, but not in BN or FIS rats, whereas basal B levels were increased in BN, FIS, SHR and WKY rats, but not in LEW. The increase in adrenal weight was also strain dependent and correlated negatively with chronic IMO-induced hypercorticosteronemia. These peripheral differences among strains were not observed at central levels. Thus, chronic IMO increased the CRF mRNA content in the PVN, analyzed by in situ hybridization, similarly in all strains. In addition, after chronic IMO no differences were found among strains in hippocampal GR mRNA and RM mRNA contents. Considering data from all strains together, chronic IMO reduced the GR mRNA (50-60%) content in the hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG areas, and slightly diminished (11-13%) MR mRNA levels in CA1 and CA3 areas. The present results indicate that: (i) chronic IMO down-regulates GR mRNA in the hippocampus and slightly up-regulates CRF mRNA in the hypothalamic PVN similarly in all strains; (ii) after chronic IMO interstrain differences were observed in serum ACTH and B levels as well as adrenal hypertrophy; (iii) some changes are probably located at the adrenal level since changes in serum B level and adrenal weight were not related to changes in ACTH; (iv) in LEW and WKY rats, B hyporesponsiveness to chronic IMO might be linked to low adrenal sensitivity to ACTH, and (v) HPA axis changes induced by the chronic IMO procedure are not related to previously reported data on depressive-like behavior of BN and WKY in the forced swimming test.
On the Computational Complexity of MIMO Processing in Mode Division Multiplexing Transmission over 2-mode Fiber (2012)

We analytically investigate the computational complexity of MIMO processing in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) transmission over 2-mode fiber (2MF) and discuss the feasibility of long-haul MDM transmission utilize graded-index 2MF.
Wikifying your interface (2006)

We explore the application of a wiki-based technology and style of interaction to enabling the incremental translation of a collaborative application into a number of different languages, including variant English language interfaces better suited to the needs of particular user communities. The development work allows us to explore in more detail the design space of functionality and interfaces relating to tailoring, customization, personalization and localization, and the challenges of designing to support ongoing incremental contributions by members of different use communities.
Photo-excitation in conjugated polymers (1987)

Conjugated polymers such as polyacetylene form a group of model semiconductors in which the 'one-dimensional' character of the polymer strongly modifies the behaviour of charges added to the chains from that usually observed in three-dimensionally bonded semiconductors. First, the polymer chain can undergo local reorganisation of the pi -electron bonding in the vicinity of a charge added to it. This has the effect of localising the charge in a state that can be described as a soliton for the particular case of trans-polyacetylene, and more generally as a polaron. Secondly, the motion of charged excitations is highly anisotropic, with strong confinement to the chain through the 'polaronic' structural relaxation of the chain. This anisotropy strongly affects charge transport and charge separation following photo-excitation. The authors review some of the recent work in this area and present polarisation-dependent measurements of photoluminescence (PL) and photo-induced absorption (PA) on highly oriented films of polyacetylene and poly(phenylenevinylene). They find that charge separation, detected through PA from photogenerated solitons or bipolarons, is the result of inter-chain electron transfer, whereas intra-chain excitation leads to charge confinement, and decay by PL (for poly(phenylenevinylene)) and by non-radiative channels. They find furthermore that these non-radiative channels become more efficient as the length of the conjugated polymer chain increases, and consider that this occurs through rapid motion of the excited state to recombination centres. They have identified both monomolecular and bimolecular kinetics for these processes.
Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway (2014)

Auditory prostheses can partially restore speech comprehension when hearing fails. Sound coding with current prostheses is based on electrical stimulation of auditory neurons and has limited frequency resolution due to broad current spread within the cochlea. In contrast, optical stimulation can be spatially confined, which may improve frequency resolution. Here, we used animal models to characterize optogenetic stimulation, which is the optical stimulation of neurons genetically engineered to express the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Optogenetic stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) activated the auditory pathway, as demonstrated by recordings of single neuron and neuronal population responses. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of SGNs restored auditory activity in deaf mice. Approximation of the spatial spread of cochlear excitation by recording local field potentials (LFPs) in the inferior colliculus in response to suprathreshold optical, acoustic, and electrical stimuli indicated that optogenetic stimulation achieves better frequency resolution than monopolar electrical stimulation. Virus-mediated expression of a ChR2 variant with greater light sensitivity in SGNs reduced the amount of light required for responses and allowed neuronal spiking following stimulation up to 60 Hz. Our study demonstrates a strategy for optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway in rodents and lays the groundwork for future applications of cochlear optogenetics in auditory research and prosthetics.
Regulation of the immune response. I. The potentiation of in vivo and in vitro immune responses by Fc fragments (1980)

Fc fragments derived from human and murine Ig were found to be potent adjuvants when administered with antigen. Both the in vivo and in vitro anti- sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) responses were significantly enhanced by Fc fragments. The adjuvant effect was shown to be extremely dependent upon the dose of antigen used, with the greatest enhancement occurring when suboptimal doses of antigen are employed. The anti-genicity of the Fc molecule was not related to its adjuvanticity because homologous Fc was as potent an adjuvant as heterologous Fc. Moreover, human Fc fragments enhanced anti-SRBC responses in mice which were tolerant to human gamma globulin.
Phase II trial of paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. (1998)

The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is an active and well-tolerated regimen for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Because of the modest toxicity of this combination, paclitaxel and carboplatin should be considered for addition to other agents with activity in urothelial carcinomas.
Gate-capacitance characteristics of deep-submicron LATID (large-angle-tilt implanted drain) MOSFETs (2002)

Gate-capacitance characteristics for LATID (large-angle-tilt implanted drain) devices are studied using high-resolution measurements and device simulation. As compared with single-S/D (source/drain), a deep-submicron LATID FET, developed to introduce sidewall spacers for reducing overlap length to approximately 0.09 mu m, is found to suppress gate-to-drain capacitance C/sub GD/ at 3.3 V operation by approximately 40%, to almost the same level as LDDs (lightly doped drains), while a LATID without spacers suffers from a >25% larger C/sub GD/. To suppress C/sub GD/, offsetting the n/sup +/ region by spacers is crucial, while the n/sup -/ region should remain fully overlapped with the gate to improve current drivability. Following this design guideline, the circuit speed of LATID can be improved by approximately 15% compared to LDDs. The deep-submicron LATID technology, with spacers, is promising for high-speed ULSI circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypoxia improves expansion potential of human cord blood–derived hematopoietic stem cells and marrow repopulation efficiency (2012)

Low oxygen tension enhanced the proliferation of UCB-derived HSC/progenitor cells and maintenance of SCID-repopulating cells than normoxia. These expanded cells are expected to be beneficial in the patients who lack human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors.
Optical band gap of the ternary semiconductor Si1−<i>x</i>−<i>y</i>Ge<i>x</i>C<i>y</i> (1991)

Single-crystal alloys of diamond with Si and Ge are investigated theoretically. An indirect band gap Γv25′ → Δc1 is found for the new semiconductor Si1−x−yGexCy over most compositions x and y, with an indirect Γv25′ → Lc1 gap found for the remaining compositions. The estimated band gaps span the 0.62–5.5-eV-range. Predictions are made for band gap versus lattice parameter in the new alloy semiconductors Si1−xCx and Ge1−xCx.
Temporally Dependent Plasticity: An Information Theoretic Account (2000)

Abstract The paradigm of Hebbian learning has recently received a novel interpretation with the discovery of synaptic plasticity that depends on the relative timing of pre and post synaptic spikes. This paper derives a temporally dependent learning rule from the basic principle of mutual information maximization and studies its relation to the experimentally observed plasticity. We find that a supervised spike-dependent learning rule sharing similar structure with the experimentally observed plasticity increases mutual information to a stable near optimal level. Moreover, the analysis reveals how the temporal structure of time-dependent learning rules is determined by the temporal filter applied by neurons over their inputs. These results suggest experimental prediction as to the dependency of the learning rule on neuronal biophysical parameters 1 Introduction Hebbian plasticity, the major paradigm for learning in computational neuroscience, was until a few years ago interpreted as learning by correlated neuronal activity. A series of studies have recently shown that changes in synaptic efficacies highly depend on the relative timing of the pre- and postsynaptic spikes, as the efficacy of a synapse between two excitatory neurons increases when the presynaptic spike precedes the postsynaptic one, but decreases otherwise [1-6]. The magnitude of these synaptic changes decays roughly exponentially as a function of the time difference between pre- and post synaptic spikes, with a time constant of few tens of milliseconds (results vary between studies, especially with regard to the synaptic depression component, compare e.g. [4] and [6]).
Improved asthma control with budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler, compared with budesonide alone (2001)

Budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler was compared with budesonide alone, and with concurrent administration of budesonide and formoterol from separate inhalers, in patients with asthma, not controlled with inhaled glucocorticosteroids alone. In this 12-week, double-blind, randomized, double-dummy study, 362 adult asthmatics (forced expiratory volume in one second 73.8% of predicted, inhaled glucocorticosteroid dose 960 microg x day(-1)) received single inhaler budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort Turbuhaler) 160/4.5 microg, two inhalations b.i.d., or corresponding treatment with budesonide, or budesonide plus formoterol via separate inhalers. There was a greater increase in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) with single-inhaler (35.7 L x min(-1)) and separate-inhaler (32.0 L x min(-1)) budesonide and formoterol, compared with budesonide alone (0.2 L x min(-1); p<0.001, both comparisons); the effect was apparent after 1 day (p<0.001 versus budesonide, both comparisons). Similarly, evening PEF, use of rescue medication, total asthma symptom scores and percentage of symptom-free days improved more with both single inhaler and separate inhaler therapy than with budesonide alone, as did asthma control days (approximately 15% more, p<0.001 versus budesonide, both comparisons, with a marked increase in the first week). All treatments were well tolerated and the adverse event profile was similar in all three treatment groups. It is concluded that single inhaler therapy with budesonide and formoterol is a clinically effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with asthma that is not fully controlled by inhaled glucocorticosteroids alone.
Functional genomics of pH homeostasis in Corynebacterium glutamicum revealed novel links between pH response, oxidative stress, iron homeostasis and methionine synthesis (2009)

Novel limitations for C. glutamicum at non-optimal pH values were identified by a comprehensive analysis on the level of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome indicating a functional link between pH acclimatization, oxidative stress, iron homeostasis, and metabolic alterations. The results offer new insights into bacterial stress physiology and new starting points for bacterial strain design or pathogen defense.
The relationship between the phase-transition-like anomalies above T<sub>c</sub>and superconductivity in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> (1988)

The phase-transition-like anomalies above Tc were investigated by internal friction, stress-strain curve and lattice parameter measurements. The relationship between the anomalies and superconductivity is studied. The 110-130 K anomaly is found to be closely connected with the 90 K superconducting transition, but no obvious relation was observed for the 210 K anomaly. In addition, a relaxation-type internal friction peak was measured at about 100 K.
Constant Volume, Self-Filling Nanoliter Pipette: Construction and Calibration (1965)

Pipettes with volumes ranging from less than one nanoliter to 200 nanoliters can be constructed by means of a simple mechanical system and calibrated by radioisotope and fluorescence techniques. Biological fluids can be transferred with a repeatability of 1 percent by this self-filling pipette of constant volume.
Multiplex analysis of cytokines in exhaled breath condensate (2006)

Multiplexed immunoassays in highly sensitive approaches allow for cytokine detection in EBC. We found significant differences between patients and controls for all investigated cytokines.
Discurso ecológico, polarização ideológica e estetização do político: a (contra)visualidade no documentário Belo Monte – Anúncio de uma Guerra (2012) de André D’Elia (2017)

O documentário Belo Monte, anúncio de uma guerra (2012) de André D’Elia tem como foco a luta dos povos da Amazônia contra a construção da usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte e suas consequências socioambientais. Representativo do ativismo midíatico denominado cinema socioambiental, o longa-metragem tem de lidar com um desafio estético-político o qual consiste em: tornar visível um projeto megalomaníaco e sua dimensão catastrófica invisível até o momento da filmagem. Ademais, tem de interpelar ideologicamente um espectador urbano imerso num espaço midiático saturado de novidades e assolado por problemas que o atingem de forma mais direta. A fim de construir um discurso contravisual (como propõe a teoria visual de Mirzroeff) o filme tem de lidar com a ambiguidade da imagem, em particular, dos motivos aquáticos, que provém de um contexto da visualidade hegemônica. Propomos aqui, portanto, uma análise da contravisualidade do ativismo midiático, cotejando-o com os discursos hegemônicos difundidos pela grande mídia.
Polymerizable dienoyl lipids as spectroscopic bilayer membrane probes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerizable dienoyl lipids as spectroscopic bilayer membrane probesP. N. Tyminski, I. S. Ponticello, and D. F. O'BrienCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 21, 6541–6542Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00255a066RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (292 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sphingosine kinase type 1 inhibition reveals rapid turnover of circulating sphingosine 1-phosphate (2011)

S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) is a signalling molecule involved in a host of cellular and physiological functions, most notably cell survival and migration. S1P, which signals via a set of five G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5), is formed by the action of two SphKs (sphingosine kinases) from Sph (sphingosine). Interfering RNA strategies and SphK1 (sphingosine kinase type 1)-null (Sphk1-/-) mouse studies implicate SphK1 in multiple signalling cascades, yet there is a paucity of potent and selective SphK1 inhibitors necessary to evaluate the effects of rapid onset inhibition of this enzyme. We have identified a set of submicromolar amidine-based SphK1 inhibitors and report using a pair of these compounds to probe the cellular and physiological functions of SphK1. In so doing, we demonstrate that our inhibitors effectively lower S1P levels in cell-based assays, but we have been unable to correlate SphK1 inhibition with changes in cell survival. However, SphK1 inhibition did diminish EGF (epidermal growth factor)-driven increases in S1P levels and Akt (also known as protein kinase B)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation. Finally, administration of the SphK1 inhibitor to wild-type, but not Sphk1-/-, mice resulted in a rapid decrease in blood S1P levels indicating that circulating S1P is rapidly turned over.
DMesh: Incorporating Practical Directional Antennas in Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks (2006)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been proposed as an effective solution for ubiquitous last-mile broadband access. Three key factors that affect the usability of WMNs are high throughput, cost-effectiveness, and ease of deployability. In this paper, we propose DMesh, a WMN architecture that combines spatial separation from directional antennas with frequency separation from orthogonal channels to improve the throughput of WMNs. DMesh achieves this improvement without inhibiting cost-effectiveness and ease of deployability by utilizing practical directional antennas that are widely and cheaply available (e.g., patch and yagi) in contrast to costly and bulky smart beamforming directional antennas. Thus, the key challenge in DMesh is to exploit spatial separation from such practical directional antennas despite their lack of electronic steerability and interference nulling, as well as the presence of significant sidelobes and backlobes. In this paper, we study how such practical directional antennas can improve the throughput of a WMN. Central to our architecture is a distributed, directional channel assignment algorithm for mesh routers that effectively exploits the spatial and frequency separation opportunities in a DMesh network. Simulation results show that DMesh improves the throughput of WMNs by up to 231% and reduces packet delay drastically compared to a multiradio multichannel omni antenna network. A DMesh implementation in our 16-node 802.11b WMN testbed using commercially available practical directional antennas provides transmission control protocol throughput gains ranging from 31% to 57%
Synthesis and Properties of<i>N</i>-Arylcarbazolophane-Paracyclophane Combined with Carbazoles (2004)

The intramolecular etherification of precursor tetrol 7 afforded N-arylcarbazolophane 5 as a single isomer. Carbazolophane 5 is considered to be a paracyclophane combined with a carbazole, and possesses excimer-like fluorescence properties with λmax = 423 nm.
Microstructure study of amorphous vanadium oxide thin films using raman spectroscopy (2002)

Microstructural changes of amorphous V2O5 films with lithium intercalation are studied using Raman-scattering measurements. The Raman spectra of as-deposited films show two broad peaks around at 520 and 650 cm−1, due to the stretching modes of the V3–O and V2–O bonds, respectively, and a relatively sharp peak at 1027 cm−1 due to the V5+=O stretching mode of terminal oxygen atoms. In addition, there is a peak at 932 cm−1 that we attribute to the V4+=O bonds. Comparison of the Raman spectra of V2O5 films with different oxygen deficiencies confirms this assignment. This Raman peak due to the stretching mode of the V4+=O bonds develops and shifts toward lower frequencies with increasing lithium concentration. Comparison to results from gasochromic hydrogen insertion indicates that the 932 cm−1 Raman peak is not a result of vibrations which involve Li or H atoms. We propose that the V4+=O bonds are created by two different mechanisms: a direct conversion from V5+=O bonds and the breaking of the single oxygen bonds involving V4+ ions.