gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacture Of A Three-Mirror Wide-Field Optical System (1985)

An all-reflecting three-mirror infrared optical system has been built by Itek Optical Systems to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing such eccentric field designs. The device is a reduced field (1°) version of a three-mirror long wide-field design having a 15.24 cm aperture. Methods for fabricating off-axis aspheric mirrors and aligning eccentric component systems are presented. Results of interferometry to derive image performance characteristics are also given.
Haptic Curvature Comparison of Convex and Concave Shapes (2008)

A sculpture and the mould in which it was formed are typical examples of objects with an identical, but opponent, surface shape: each convex (ie outward pointing) surface part of a sculpture has a concave counterpart in the mould. The question arises whether the object features of opponent shapes can be compared by touch. Therefore, we investigated whether human observers were able to discriminate the curvatures of convex and concave shapes, irrespective of whether the shape was convex or concave. Using a 2AFC procedure, subjects had to compare the curvature of a convex shape to the curvature of a concave shape. In addition, results were also obtained for congruent shapes, when the curvature of either only convex shapes or only concave shapes had to be compared. Psychometric curves were fitted to the data to obtain threshold and bias results. When subjects explored the stimuli with a single index finger, significantly higher thresholds were obtained for the opponent shapes than for the congruent shapes. However, when the stimuli were touched by two index fingers, one finger per surface, we found similar thresholds. Systematic biases were found when the curvature of opponent shapes was compared: the curvature of a more curved convex surface was judged equal to the curvature of a less curved concave surface. We conclude that human observers had the ability to compare the curvature of shapes with an opposite direction, but that their performance decreased when they sensed the opponent surfaces with the same finger. Moreover, they systematically underestimated the curvature of convex shapes compared to the curvature of concave shapes.
Template-Free Biometric-Key Generation by Means of Fuzzy Genetic Clustering (2008)

Biometric authentication is increasingly gaining popularity in a wide range of applications. However, the storage of the biometric templates and/or encryption keys that are necessary for such applications is a matter of serious concern, as the compromise of templates or keys necessarily compromises the information secured by those keys. In this paper, we propose a novel method, which requires storage of neither biometric templates nor encryption keys, by directly generating the keys from statistical features of biometric data. An outline of the process is as follows: given biometric samples, a set of statistical features is first extracted from each sample. On each feature subset or single feature, we model the intra and interuser variation by clustering the data into natural clusters using a fuzzy genetic clustering algorithm. Based on the modelling results, we subsequently quantify the consistency of each feature subset or single feature for each user. By selecting the most consistent feature subsets and/or single features for each user individually, we generate the key reliably without compromising its relative security. The proposed method is evaluated on handwritten signature data and compared with related methods, and the results are very promising.
Multiple sextupole system for the correction of third and higher order aberration (1981)

A means is provided for compensating for third and higher order aberration in charged particle beam devices. The means includes two sextupoles with an intermediate focusing lens, all positioned between two focusing lenses.
Mobility Management Using Identifier Locator Addressing (2017)

This specification describes a new mobile network architecture which
improves mobility management using Identifier Locator Addressing ILA)
in IPv6 for next generation mobile telecommunication networks such as
5G and Mobile Edge Clouds. Identifier-locator addressing
differentiates between location and identity of a addressable network
element, which can be a mobile device or a data center task. The
approach presented in this draft enables mobility management on Layer
3, and provides a simplified, GTP-tunnel-free and more efficient
architecture with less core network utilization compared to
traditional architecture.
Ang-2 and PDGF-BB cooperatively stimulate human peripheral blood monocyte fibrinolysis (2007)

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a growth factor, which was identified originally as playing a critical role in vessel remodeling during angiogenesis. More recent evidence has indicated additional involvement in vascular homeostatic responses such as coagulation and inflammation, which are central to wound healing. We therefore determined whether a relationship existed between Ang-2 and monocytes, one of the initial cell types to be recruited to a wound, in the context of fibrin clot invasion. Ang-2 significantly increased monocyte invasion of fibrin in the presence of serum. In the absence of serum, it required a combination of Ang-2 and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) to increase invasion by threefold. Furthermore, it was shown that the heightened invasion was dependent on serine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and that the combination of Ang-2 and PDGF-BB increased urokinase plasminogen-activator receptor expression, as well as MMP-9 and membrane type 1 MMP expression. These data give further credence to the concept of Ang-2 as a key regulator of several essential phases of wound healing.
Exploring the cognitions of welfare beneficiary on lifelong learning (2010)

대학에서의 평생교육이 우리사회의 소외계층에게 ‘학습비없이’ 제공된다면 평생교육이 지향하는 이상적인 학습사회로 한층 다가가기 수월해진다는 전제하에 이 연구에서는 학습자들이 대학에서의 평생교육을 선택하게 된 동기는 무엇인지(참여동기 및 프로그램 선택 이유), 프로그램 참여 과정은 자신의 삶에 어떠한 역할을 하였는지(학습이 일상에 주는 의미)에 대한 인터뷰를 통해, 학습의 성과 인식에 이르는 과정에 대한 분석을 우선 실시한 후, 학습 성과는 구체적으로 어떤 것들로 정리될 수 있는지, 그것이 가지는 사회적 의미는 무엇인지를 밝히고자 하였다. 학습자 개인의 관점에서의 학습성과는 사회에 대한 수용적 태도 즉 공공생활에 대한 책무감 생성, 소모적 사이클에서 생산적 사이클로의 생활 사이클의 변화, 인맥형성으로 자신감 획득 등이었으며 이러한 결과의 사회적 의미로는 개인생활의 변화 및 사회적 변화, 이러한 활동의 사회적 자본화의 가능성 발견, 공동체 활동의 중요성 인식 등이었다.
The Surface Properties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Determinants of Susceptibility to Antibody Complement Killing (1978)

Monovalent rabbit antisera were prepared to highly purified gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to pili and to two major purified outer envelope proteins. All these antisera were free from significant specific IgM antibody and were standardized to 4 microgram specific IgG antibody per test, permitting accurate comparisons between the different gonococcal surface antigens as triggers of the complement-dependent bactericidal reaction. LPS was the most effective antigen at inducing a bactericidal response to homologous and heterologous gonococci, followed by the two individual outer envelope proteins. Pili were relatively ineffective. Strain P9 gonococci grown in vivo or which possessed a 'capsule' in vitro were more resistant to serum killing than the non-capsulated parent strain. One highly susceptible strain, F62, which was killed by complement in the absence of any LPS antibody, was able to directly activate complement by the alternative pathway.
Which Surfactant Shall We Choose for the Heteroepitaxy of Ge/Si(001)? –Bi as a Surfactant with Small Self-Incorporation– (1993)

While the effectiveness of surfactants in Si/Ge heteroepitaxial growth has recently been reported, their disadvantages of self-incorporation and poor surface morphology restrict their practical application. We propose Bi as a surfactant which overcomes these disadvantages. We demonstrate by means of reflection high-energy electron diffraction and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) that Bi is an effective surfactant for Si/Ge heteroepitaxy in preventing both 3D islanding and surface segregation of Ge, while the amount of Bi incorporated in the epitaxial layer is smaller than the detection limit of the SIMS instrument (<5×10 16 cm -3 ) and Bi can be removed easily by desorption at temperatures as low as 575°C.
A Local Government Response to Housing Need in the Community: The Gold Coast (2010)

The Gold Coast Housing Company (GCHC) has a central mission to alleviate poverty by way of providing appropriate and affordable housing to the communities in which we operate. This article is intended to inform the reader of how GCHC is achieving this aim in an environment of a widespread downturn in the economy, increasing unemployment and the apparent inability of private industry to meet the demand for housing in our communities. To illustrate this I will digress a little and provide a history to how partnering with the Gold Coast City Council in a number of their projects and initiatives led to my own involvement with the Gold Coast (Horizon) Housing Company and offer a few insights into the homelessness and housing stress experienced in Gold Coast. I have written this in the hope that it may give other local authorities and our elected representatives a framework and pathway so they might facilitate and replicate the work being undertaken by GCHC and other community housing providers across the country.
Passive, all-fibre source of 30 fs pulses (1992)

The passive generation of solitonic pulses as short as 30 fs from an all-fibre circuit is reported. The circuit comprises a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fibre laser, an erbium-doped fibre amplifier and a short section of dispersion-shifted fibre.
3D-Antenna Array Model for IST-WINNER Channel Simulations (2007)

The IST-WINNER channel model (WIM) offers a complete channel model description in a sense of large-scale as well as small-scale effects in MIMO radio-channel for B3G system designs. This paper proposes the extension of 1D regular array structures being currently supported within WIM (uniform linear array - ULA) to arbitrary 3D antenna arrays. Arbitrary antenna structures are necessary for both modelling and validation purposes since antenna arrays define the spatial dimension of the radio-channel. General 3D antenna array description also embeds polarization concepts that are becoming important for modelling of 3D rotation of antenna array. In this paper two different strategies of using 3D antenna arrays in channel model simulations are proposed and discussed. Both methods are compared in terms of the computational complexity and their suitability for the current WIM channel model implementation.
The Geometry of conical folds (1964)

Abstract Early lineations lying on a surface that becomes conically folded are themselves folded into complex spiral curves the form of which depends on the style of the fold, on the cone angle, and on the orientation of the early lineations on the fold. Breaks in the curve occur where early and cone lineations are parallel.
Nonpalpable breast cancer. (1995)

Thirty-seven patients with nonpalpable breast cancer treated between 1981 and 1992 were analysed. Twenty-five (68%) of the patients were detected by microcalcification of mammogram, 8 by nipple discharge and 4 by other means. Biopsy was carried out in all patients to get a final diagnosis and histopathological examinations were performed using continuous sections (especially the section with microcalcification). The incidence of noninvasive carcinoma was 59% (22 cases) and the remaining invasive carcinomas were 3 minimal lesions less than 0.5 cm, 3 lesions from 0.5 to 1.0 cm, 3 diseases more than 1.0 cm, and 6 invasive carcinomas with noninvasive ductal carcinoma predominant. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 16 cases, partial glandectomy in 10 and other surgery including subcutaneous mastectomy in 11. All of the patients with nonpalpabl breast cancer showed a good prognosis because of early detection and early treatment. Mammography was useful to detect nonpalpable breast cancers with microcalcification.
Digital shaping filters for reducing machine vibration (1992)

A digital shaping filter used to shape the input to digitally controlled flexible plants is derived from an input preshaping technique to reduce residual vibration in the plant output. Results from simulations show that these filters reduce plant residual vibration to zero. In addition, an arbitrary rate digital shaping filter is derived that allows the user to select any sampling rate for the digital system. The examination of these filters in the digital Z domain reveals them to be digital notch filters that are robust to vibration-mode parameter shifts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RNA sequencing to highlight the heterogeneity in circulating exosomes from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (2017)

e15546 Background: Dissecting tumor heterogeneity is crucial for understanding tumor prognosis, response to therapy, and metastasis. But current tissue biopsy-based strategies for characterizing molecular heterogeneity are invasive and may be confounded by intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here we explore whether exosomes that contain bioactive molecules from the cell of origin can provide new noninvasive means to delineate the heterogeneity of human cancers. Methods: We used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to perform unbiased profiling of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma exosomes isolated from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC, n = 6), patients with esophagitis (n = 6), and healthy controls (n = 6). Results: The number of expressed genes detected in our data set is 63355, including 29615 lncRNAs. We found that exosomes from ESCC have dramatically distinct transcriptome and lncRNA landscapes from that of esophagitis and healthy controls, with 2278 genes and 584 lncRNAs showing differential expression between ESCC and controls; and 854 genes and 126 lncRNAs displaying differential expression between ESCC and esophagitis. We also observed variable expression of diverse transcriptional patterns related to immune response, signal transduction, cell mobility, and transmembrane protein binding, as well as differentially expressed 953 lncRNAs between Stage I and Stage II ESCC samples. Finally, we discovered that both gene and lncRNA expression profiles are variably across exosomal samples from different ESCC patients. Conclusions: Our data reveals that exosomes from ESCC contain distinct transcriptional and lncRNA profiles that separate ESCC from benign esophagitis and healthy controls. Our analysis also identifies unappreciated molecular heterogeneity in exosomes of ESCC, which may pave the way for using exosomal RNA-seq to decode molecular heterogeneity in cancers.
FULL-SCALE TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL PROCESS WASTERS USING ANAEROBIC FILTERS (1991)

A full-scale anaerobic filter system has been used to treat industrial wastewater having flow rates and CODs ranging from 400 to 1500 m3/d and 10 000 to 30 000 mg/L, respectively. The reactors were of the hybrid configuration and contained corrugated, modular, cross flow plastic media having a specific surface of 98 m2/m3. Facilities were included to store and feed nutrients and trace minerals, and equalization was provided to attenuate variations in waste strength. After seeding and subsequent removal of specific waste streams that were found to be inhibitory to anaerobic microorganisms, the COD re moval efficiency stabilized at about 80%. After 1 year, the reactors were converted to series operation as a first cycle in a two-stage, cyclic mode. During the second year of operation, the COD removal performance stabilized at 93 to 95%. No sludge was wasted from the reactors during 600 days of operation. Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 63,153 ( 1991 ).
Tracing Primordial Protein Evolution through Structurally Guided Stepwise Segment Elongation (2013)

The understanding of how primordial proteins emerged has been a fundamental and longstanding issue in biology and biochemistry. For a better understanding of primordial protein evolution, we synthesized an artificial protein on the basis of an evolutionary hypothesis, segment-based elongation starting from an autonomously foldable short peptide. A 10-residue protein, chignolin, the smallest foldable polypeptide ever reported, was used as a structural support to facilitate higher structural organization and gain-of-function in the development of an artificial protein. Repetitive cycles of segment elongation and subsequent phage display selection successfully produced a 25-residue protein, termed AF.2A1, with nanomolar affinity against the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. AF.2A1 shows exquisite molecular recognition ability such that it can distinguish conformational differences of the same molecule. The structure determined by NMR measurements demonstrated that AF.2A1 forms a globular protein-like conformation with the chignolin-derived β-hairpin and a tryptophan-mediated hydrophobic core. Using sequence analysis and a mutation study, we discovered that the structural organization and gain-of-function emerged from the vicinity of the chignolin segment, revealing that the structural support served as the core in both structural and functional development. Here, we propose an evolutionary model for primordial proteins in which a foldable segment serves as the evolving core to facilitate structural and functional evolution. This study provides insights into primordial protein evolution and also presents a novel methodology for designing small sized proteins useful for industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Delay-sensitive distributed power and transmission threshold control for S-ALOHA network with finite state markov fading channels (2009)

In this paper, we consider the delay-sensitive power and transmission threshold control design in S-ALOHA network with FSMC fading channels. The random access system consists of an access point with K competing users, each has access to the local channel state information (CSI) and queue state information (QSI) as well as the common feedback (ACK/NAK/Collision) from the access point. We seek to derive the delay-optimal control policy (composed of threshold and power control). The optimization problem belongs to the memoryless policy K-agent infinite horizon decentralized Markov decision process (DEC-MDP), and finding the optimal policy is shown to be computationally intractable. To obtain a feasible and low complexity solution, we recast the optimization problem into two subproblems, namely the power control and the threshold control problem. For a given threshold control policy, the power control problem is decomposed into a reduced state MDP for single user so that the overall complexity is O(NJ), where N and J are the buffer size and the cardinality of the CSI states. For the threshold control problem, we exploit some special structure of the collision channel and common feedback information to derive a low complexity solution. The delay performance of the proposed design is shown to have substantial gain relative to conventional throughput optimal approaches for S-ALOHA.
Liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B infection with the use of combination lamivudine and low-dose hepatitis B immune globulin (1999)

Current protocols for prophylaxis against allograft reinfection after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection include the administration of large doses of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), with considerable associated economic costs. Monotherapeutic prophylaxis with lamivudine has been complicated by the development of resistant strains of HBV. We studied the effectiveness of a posttransplantation prophylaxis protocol using combination lamivudine and low-dose HBIG in 7 consecutive patients with chronic HBV infection, 4 of whom were serum HBV DNA positive before pretransplantation lamivudine therapy. All patients were serum HBV DNA negative at transplantation and received lamivudine, 100 mg/d, posttransplantation. HBIG, 2170 IU, was administered intramuscularly intraoperatively and daily for 14 days. Maintenance HBIG therapy consisted of 2170 IU intramuscularly twice weekly, tapered to every 2 to 4 weeks by 12 months posttransplantation. Target serum HBIG (HBV surface antibody) titers were less than 500 IU/L for 6 months, then greater than 300 IU/L until 12 months posttransplantation. Induction serum HBIG titers were determined daily in 5 patients, and both serum HBIG and hepatitis B surface antigen were determined every 4 weeks in all patients. One patient died 61 days posttransplantation; the surviving patients (n = 6) were followed up for a mean of 532 days (range, 395 to 648 days). No patient has developed allograft reinfection. In the induction period, a target HBIG titer of greater than 500 IU/L was not achieved until a mean of 6.8 days (range, 5 to 10 days). In the maintenance period, all patients achieved the target HBIG titer. This suggests combination lamivudine and low-dose HBIG is effective in preventing allograft reinfection by HBV.
Photo2Trip (2010)

Travel route planning is an important step for a tourist to prepare his/her trip. As a common scenario, a tourist usually asks the following questions when he/she is planning his/her trip in an unfamiliar place: 1) Are there any travel route suggestions for a one-day or three-day trip in Beijing? 2) What is the most popular travel path within the Forbidden City? To facilitate a tourist's trip planning, in this paper, we target at solving the problem of automatic travel route planning. We propose to leverage existing travel clues recovered from 20 million geo-tagged photos collected from www.panoramio.com to suggest customized travel route plans according to users' preferences. As the footprints of tourists at memorable destinations, the geo-tagged photos could be naturally used to discover the travel paths within a destination (attractions/landmarks) and travel routes between destinations. Based on the information discovered from geo-tagged photos, we can provide a customized trip plan for a tourist, i.e., the popular destinations to visit, the visiting order of destinations, the time arrangement in each destination, and the typical travel path within each destination. Users are also enabled to specify personal preference such as visiting location, visiting time/season, travel duration, and destination style in an interactive manner to guide the system. Owning to 20 million geo-tagged photos and 200,000 travelogues, an online system has been developed to help users plan travel routes for over 30,000 attractions/landmarks in more than 100 countries and territories. Experimental results show the intelligence and effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Water‐soluble polymer‐grafted platinum nanoparticles for the subsequent binding of enzymes. synthesis and SANS (2011)

Abstract Functionalized platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) possess catalytic properties towards H 2 0 2 oxidation, which are of great interest for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. To improve the understanding of phenomena involved in such systems, we designed platinum‐polymer‐enzyme model nanostructures according to a bottom–up approach. These structures have been elaborated from elementary building units based on polymer‐grafted PtNPs obtained from surface initiated‐atom transfer radical polymerization. This paper describes the polymerization of ter ‐butyl methacrylate from PtNPs and its subsequent hydrolysis to obtain a water‐soluble corona, followed by an activated ester modification to introduce an enzyme (glucose oxidase). The structure of the objects, the molecular weight and the grafting density of the polymer chains were principally elucidated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). After the grafting of the enzyme, the final hybrid structures were characterized by both microscopy and SANS to attest for the covalent grafting of the enzyme. Composition and enzyme activity of the nanohybrid objects, have also been determined by UV spectroscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012