gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activating Mutations in Kir6.2 and Neonatal Diabetes (2005)

Closure of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) in response to metabolically generated ATP or binding of sulfonylurea drugs stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells. Heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the KCJN11 gene encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of this channel are found in approximately 47% of patients diagnosed with permanent diabetes at <6 months of age. There is a striking genotype-phenotype relationship with specific Kir6.2 mutations being associated with transient neonatal diabetes, permanent neonatal diabetes alone, and a novel syndrome characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes (DEND) syndrome. All mutations appear to cause neonatal diabetes by reducing K(ATP) channel ATP sensitivity and increasing the K(ATP) current, which inhibits beta-cell electrical activity and insulin secretion. The severity of the clinical symptoms is reflected in the ATP sensitivity of heterozygous channels in vitro with wild type > transient neonatal diabetes > permanent neonatal diabetes > DEND syndrome channels. Sulfonylureas still close mutated K(ATP) channels, and many patients can discontinue insulin injections and show improved glycemic control when treated with high-dose sulfonylurea tablets. In conclusion, the finding that Kir6.2 mutations can cause neonatal diabetes has enabled a new therapeutic approach and shed new light on the structure and function of the Kir6.2 subunit of the K(ATP) channel.
Applying Genomic Analysis to Newborn Screening (2012)

Large-scale genomic analysis such as whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing is becoming increasingly prevalent in the research arena. Clinically, many potential uses of this technology have been proposed. One such application is the extension or augmentation of newborn screening. In order to explore this application, we examined data from 3 children with normal newborn screens who underwent whole-exome sequencing as part of research participation. We analyzed sequence information for 151 selected genes associated with conditions ascertained by newborn screening. We compared findings with publicly available databases and results from over 500 individuals who underwent whole-exome sequencing at the same facility. Novel variants were confirmed through bidirectional dideoxynucleotide sequencing. High-density microarrays (Illumina Omni1-Quad) were also performed to detect potential copy number variations affecting these genes. We detected an average of 87 genetic variants per individual. After excluding artifacts, 96% of the variants were found to be reported in public databases and have no evidence of pathogenicity. No variants were identified that would predict disease in the tested individuals, which is in accordance with their normal newborn screens. However, we identified 6 previously reported variants and 2 novel variants that, according to published literature, could result in affected offspring if the reproductive partner were also a mutation carrier; other specific molecular findings highlight additional means by which genomic testing could augment newborn screening.
Intershop: A Distributed Architecture for Electronic Shopping (1995)

Electronic shopping systems offer new horizons in vendor marketing, customer convenience and overall market efficiencies. Information networks can gather thousands of vendors and millions of customers into an information rich marketplace that serves both their perspectives. Unfortunately, existing electronic shopping systems offer low product differentiation and comparability, little information sm~cturing, rind almost no navigation aids to evaluate multiple shopping opportunities. These systems are proprietary and lack interoperability and cross navigation. This limits market efficiency and results in negative experiences for both vendors and customers. We propose a functional architecture for a new generation of electronic shopping infrastructures to dramatically improve vendor representation and customer navigation. This design provides the ability to shop and compare among multiple heterogeneous product structures and offers the basis for electronic shopping across distributed vendor databases.
Fictions in American Politics (1960)

Political fictions are interpreted as a special category of social fictions, and the author lists some garden-variety examples. Political fictions are functional both for the system and for the direct participants, but they may also be dysfunctional to the extent that they encourage disbelief and scorn for the leaders who must employ them. The topic has received a relatively small amount of attention in recent political research.
Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and their potential applications in biomedicine (2017)

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field evolved within past few decades and playing substantial role in environment, industry, agriculture and pharmacology. Integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology has led to the foundation of nanomedicine. It has provided novel breakthroughs in cure of various ailments and disorders, drug delivery systems, detection and diagnostics of different diseases. However, use of microbially synthesized nanoparticles in health and medicine is still limited. This article highlights the green approach of nanomaterials synthesis using microbes and current status of their applications in biomedical field.
Estrogen Prevents Oxidative Damage to the Mitochondria in Friedreich's Ataxia Skin Fibroblasts (2012)

Estrogen and estrogen-related compounds have been shown to have very potent cytoprotective properties in a wide range of disease models, including an in vitro model of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. We demonstrate that phenolic estrogens, independent of any known ER, are able to prevent lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, maintain ATP at near control levels, increase oxidative phosphorylation and maintain activity of aconitase. Estrogens did not, however, prevent BSO from depleting GSH or induce an increased expression level of GSH. The cytoprotective effects of estrogen appear to be due to a direct overall reduction in oxidative damage to the mitochondria, enabling the FRDA fibroblast mitochondria to generate sufficient ATP for energy requirements and better survive oxidative stress. These data support the hypothesis that phenol ring containing estrogens are possible candidate drugs for the delay and/or prevention of FRDA symptoms.
The Potential Role of Sirtuins Regarding the Effects of Exercise on Aging- Related Diseases (2013)

Habitual physical activity and exercise are associated with the mortality rate and significantly contribute to the prevention and/or amelioration of aging-related diseases including metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis, cancer, and dementia. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that have emerged as key regulators of many functions including metabolism, cell growth and apoptosis, as well as control of the aging process. Recent studies have demonstrated that some types of exercise affect the expression and activity of sirtuins in several tissues. This review focuses on the effects of exercise on sirtuins and also their putative role with regard to the effects of exercise on preventing aging- related diseases.
Prism-coupled Cherenkov phase-matched terahertz wave generation using a DAST crystal (2010)

Terahertz (THz) wave generation based on nonlinear frequency conversion is a promising method for realizing a tunable monochromatic high-power THz-wave source. Unfortunately, many nonlinear crystals have strong absorption in the THz frequency region. This limits efficient and widely tunable THz-wave generation. The Cherenkov phase-matching method is one of the most promising techniques for overcoming these problems. Here, we propose a prism-coupled Cherenkov phase-matching (PCC-PM) method, in which a prism with a suitable refractive index at THz frequencies is coupled to a nonlinear crystal. This has the following advantages. Many crystals can be used as THz-wave emitters; the phase-matching condition inside the crystal does not have to be observed; the absorption of the crystal does not prevent efficient generation of radiation; and pump sources with arbitrary wavelengths can be employed. Here we demonstrate PCC-PM THz-wave generation using the organic crystal 4-dimethylamino-N-metyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) and a Si prism coupler. We obtain THz-wave radiation with tunability of approximately 0.1 to 10 THz and with no deep absorption features resulting from the absorption spectrum of the crystal. The obtained spectra did not depend on the pump wavelength in the range 1300 to 1450 nm. This simple technique shows promise for generating THz radiation using a wide variety of nonlinear crystals.
StereoPasting: Interactive Composition in Stereoscopic Images (2012)

We propose "StereoPasting," an efficient method for depth-consistent stereoscopic composition, in which a source 2D image is interactively blended into a target stereoscopic image. As we paint "disparity" on a 2D image, the disparity map of the selected region is gradually produced by edge-aware diffusion, and then blended with that of the target stereoscopic image. By considering constraints of the expected disparities and perspective scaling, the 2D object is warped to generate an image pair, which is then blended into the target image pair to get the composition result. The warping is formulated as an energy minimization, which could be solved in real time. We also present an interactive composition system, in which users can edit the disparity maps of 2D images by strokes, while viewing the composition results instantly. Experiments show that our method is intuitive and efficient for interactive stereoscopic composition. A lot of applications demonstrate the versatility of our method.
Comparative study of CA-based PRPGs and LFSRs with phase shifters (2003)

The paper presents a comparative study of randomness properties of patterns generated by one-dimensional linear hybrid cellular automata (LHCA) and linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) with phase shifters on their outputs. It is shown that properly synthesized phase shifters allow LFSRs to match performance of the LHCAs as pseudo-random pattern generators (PRPGs), in marked contrast to several suggestions that LHCAs can outperform LFSRs in variety of testing applications.
KB-Enabled Query Recommendation for Long-Tail Queries (2016)

In recent years, query recommendation algorithms have been designed to provide related queries for search engine users. Most of these solutions, which perform extensive analysis of users' search history (or query logs), are largely insufficient for long-tail queries that rarely appear in query logs. To handle such queries, we study a new solution, which makes use of a knowledge base (or KB), such as YAGO and Freebase. A KB is a rich information source that describes how real-world entities are connected. We extract entities from a query, and use these entities to explore new ones in the KB. Those discovered entities are then used to suggest new queries to the user. As shown in our experiments, our approach provides better recommendation results for long-tail queries than existing solutions.
Development of Nanostructured Thermoregulating Textile Materials (2008)

The present studies provide the first example of a nanostructured thermoregulating textile materials obtained by electrospinning process. Microencapsulated phase change material was dispersed into a Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)-acetone solution and electrospun at ambient temperature. The morphological analysis showed that the addition of microcapsules to the PCL lead to the formation of nanofibers with a significantly lower average diameter with respect to that obtained by pure PCL in the same conditions. The resulting functional material has demonstrated to have the higher efficiency in the thermoregulating effect in comparison with more of the dispersion methods used up to now.
Uber die Addition von Nitroalkanen an 2,3‐Dialkoxychalkone und 2,3‐Dialkoxybenzalacetone (1963)

Abstract Ausgehend von o‐ und Novovanillin wurden einige Chalkone und Benzalacetone aus den n‐Propyl‐ und n‐Butyl‐äthern dieser Verbindungen synthetisiert. Sie wurden bezüglich ihrer Additionsfähigkeit gegenüber Nitroparaffinen geprüft, wobei ein Mol des Chalkons bzw. substituierten Benzalacetons mit einem Mol Nitroparaffin reagierte. Es entstanden im Falle der Kondensation von 2,3‐Dialkoxychalkonen 1‐Phenyl‐3‐[2′,3′‐dialkoxyphenyl]‐4‐nitroalkanone‐(1), im Falle der 2‐Alkoxy‐3‐methoxybenzalacetone 4‐[2′‐Alkoxy‐3′‐methoxyphenyl]‐5‐nitroalkanone‐(2). Aus 2‐Propoxy‐ und 2‐Butoxy‐3‐äthoxybenzalaceton ließen sich mit Nitroparaffinen keine beständigen und eindeutigen Addukte gewinnen.
Characterizing PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; Pollution of a Subtropical Metropolitan Area in China (2013)

The chemical and physical characteristics of PM2.5, especially their temporal and geographical variations, have been explored in metropolitan Hangzhou area (China) by a field campaign from September 2010 to July 2011. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during non-raining days were 106 - 131 μg.m-3 and 127 - 158 μg.m-3, respectively, at three stations in urban breathing zones, while corresponding concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at an urban background station (16 mabove ground level in a park) were 78 and 104 μg.m-3, respectively. For comparison, the annual average PM10 concentration at a suburban station (5 mAGL) was 93 μg.m-3. Detailed chemical analyses were also conducted for all samples collected during the campaign. We found that toxic metals (Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Mo, Cu, Hg) were highly enriched in the breathing zones due to anthropogenic activities, while soluble ions (, , ) and total carbon accounted for majority of PM2.5 mass. Unlike most areas in China where sulfate was several times of nitrate in fine PM, nitrate was as important as sulfate and highly correlated with ammonium during the campaign. Thus, a historical shift from sulfate-dominant fine PM to nitrate-dominant fine PM was documented.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Patterns of Biking Behavior by Analyzing Massive Bike Sharing Data in Chicago (2015)

The growing number of bike sharing systems (BSS) in many cities largely facilitates biking for transportation and recreation. Most recent bike sharing systems produce time and location specific data, which enables the study of travel behavior and mobility of each individual. However, despite a rapid growth of interest, studies on massive bike sharing data and the underneath travel pattern are still limited. Few studies have explored and visualized spatiotemporal patterns of bike sharing behavior using flow clustering, nor examined the station functional profiles based on over-demand patterns. This study investigated the spatiotemporal biking pattern in Chicago by analyzing massive BSS data from July to December in 2013 and 2014. The BSS in Chicago gained more popularity. About 15.9% more people subscribed to this service. Specifically, we constructed bike flow similarity graph and used fastgreedy algorithm to detect spatial communities of biking flows. By using the proposed methods, we discovered unique travel patterns on weekdays and weekends as well as different travel trends for customers and subscribers from the noisy massive amount data. In addition, we also examined the temporal demands for bikes and docks using hierarchical clustering method. Results demonstrated the modeled over-demand patterns in Chicago. This study contributes to offer better knowledge of biking flow patterns, which was difficult to obtain using traditional methods. Given the trend of increasing popularity of the BSS and data openness in different cities, methods used in this study can extend to examine the biking patterns and BSS functionality in different cities.
Animating arbitrary topology 3D facial model using the MPEG-4 FaceDefTables (2002)

In this paper we put forward a method to animate an arbitrary topology facial model (ATFM) based on the MPEG-4 standard. This paper deals mainly with the problem of building the FaceDefTables, which play a very important role in the MPEG-4 based facial animation system. The FaceDefTables for our predefined standard facial model (SFM) are built using the interpolation method. Since the FaceDefTables depend on facial models, the FaceDefTables for the SFM can be applied only to those facial models having the same topology as the SFM. For those facial models that have different topology, we have to build the FaceDefTables accordingly. To acquire the FaceDefTables for ATFM, we first select feature points on ATFM, then transform the SFM according to those feature points. Finally, we project each vertex on the ATFM to the transformed SFM and build the FaceDefTables for the ATFM according to the projection position. With the FaceDefTables we built, realistic animation results have been acquired.
MSN-1 Antibody in the Evaluation of Female Genital Tract Adenocarcinomas (1990)

The reactivity of a new monoclonal antibody (MAb), MSN-1, raised against a human endometrial cancer cell line (SNG-II), was studied in a variety of endometrial, endocervical, and ovarian carcinomas as well as normal cycling endometrium. Moderate to strong reactivity (2-3+) was seen in six of nine normal secretory endometria (67%), one of 10 normal proliferative endometria (10%), 18 of 18 endometrial adenocarcinomas (100%), 10 of 11 endometrioid ovarian adenocarcinomas (91%), seven of nine clear cell ovarian adenocarcinomas (78%), one of 12 endometrial hyperplasias without atypia (9%), two of four endometrial hyperplasias with atypia (50%), zero of five endometrial serous adenocarcinomas, two of 17 serous ovarian adenocarcinomas (12%), zero of 10 intestinal-type mucinous ovarian adenocarcinomas, and zero of nine metastatic adenocarcinomas in ovary. Endocervical adenocarcinomas showed moderate to strong staining in 75% (six of eight). It is concluded that MSN-1 can be used to confirm endometrioid/clear cell differentiation in ovarian and endometrial tumors, cannot be used to discriminate endocervical from endometrial differentiation, cannot be used to discriminate atypical hyperplasia from carcinoma, and may be useful to distinguish between atypical (premalignant) endometrial hyperplasias and those without atypia.
Importance of airway inflammation for hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone. (1983)

We studied whether ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness correlates with the development of airway inflammation in dogs. To assess airway responsiveness, we determined increases in pulmonary resistance produced by delivering acetylcholine aerosol to the airways. To assess airway inflammation, we biopsied the airway mucosa and counted the number of neutrophils present in the epithelium. Airway responsiveness and inflammation were assessed in anesthetized dogs before ozone exposure and then 1 h and 1 wk after ozone (2.1 ppm, 2 h). Airway responsiveness increased markedly at 1 h after ozone and returned to control levels 1 wk later in each of 6 dogs, but it did not change after ozone in another 4 dogs. Furthermore, dogs that became hyperresponsive also developed a marked and reversible increase in the number of neutrophils in the epithelium, whereas dogs that did not become hyperresponsive had no change in the number of neutrophils. For the group of dogs, the level of airway responsiveness before and after ozone exposure correlated closely with the number of epithelial neutrophils. The results suggest that ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness may depend on the development of an acute inflammatory response in the airways.
Additions and Corrections: Some Reactions of o-Halobromobenzenes with n-Butyllithium. (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections: Some Reactions of o-Halobromobenzenes with n-Butyllithium.Henery Gilman and Richard GorsichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 24, 6575Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online19 May 2004Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01581a613https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01581a613research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Double-cladding-fiber-based detection system for intravascular mapping of fluorescent molecular probes (2011)

Early detection of high-risk coronary atherosclerosis remains an unmet clinical challenge. We have previously demonstrated a near-infrared fluorescence catheter system for two-dimensional intravascular detection of fluorescence molecular probes [1]. In this work we improve the system performance by introducing a novel high resolution sensor. The main challenge of the intravascular sensor is to provide a highly focused spot at an application relevant distance on one hand and a highly efficient collection of emitted light on the other. We suggest employing a double cladding optical fiber (DCF) in combination with focusing optics to provide a sensor with both highly focused excitation light and highly efficient fluorescent light collection. The excitation laser is coupled into the single mode core of DCF and guided through a focusing element and a right angle prism. The resulting side-fired beam exhibits a small spot diameter (50 μm) throughout a distance of up to 2 mm from the sensor. This is the distance of interest for intravascular coronary imaging application, determined by an average human coronary artery diameter. At the blood vessel wall, an activatable fluorescence molecular probe is excited in the diseased lesions. Next light of slightly shifted wavelength emits only in the places of the inflammations, associated with dangerous plaques [2]. The emitted light is collected by the cladding of the DCF, with a large collection angle (NA=0.4). The doublecladding acts as multimodal fiber and guides the collected light to the photo detection elements. The sensor automatically rotates and pulled-back, while each scanned point is mapped according to the amount of detected fluorescent emission. The resulting map of fluorescence activity helps to associate the atherosclerotic plaques with the inflammation process. The presented detection system is a valuable tool in the intravascular plaque detection and can help to differentiate the atherosclerotic plaques based on their biological activity, identify the ones that prone to rupture and therefore require more medical attention.
Isolation and two-step classification of normal white blood cells in peripheral blood smears (2012)

Our methodology achieves a semiautomated system for the detection and classification of normal WBCs from scanned WSI. Further studies will be focused on detecting and segmenting abnormal WBCs, comparison of 20× and 40× data, and expanding the applications for bone marrow aspirates.