gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cripto-1 Activates Nodal- and ALK4-Dependent and -Independent Signaling Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells (2002)

Cripto-1 (CR-1), an epidermal growth factor-CFC (EGF-CFC) family member, has a demonstrated role in embryogenesis and mammary gland development and is overexpressed in several human tumors. Recently, EGF-CFC proteins were implicated as essential signaling cofactors for Nodal, a transforming growth factor beta family member whose expression has previously been defined as embryo specific. To identify a receptor for CR-1, a human brain cDNA phage display library was screened using CR-1 protein as bait. Phage inserts with identity to ALK4, a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor for Activin, were identified. CR-1 binds to cell surface ALK4 expressed on mammalian epithelial cells in fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, as well as by coimmunoprecipitation. Nodal is coexpressed with mouse Cr-1 in the mammary gland, and CR-1 can phosphorylate the transcription factor Smad-2 in EpH-4 mammary epithelial cells only in the presence of Nodal and ALK4. In contrast, CR-1 stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT in these cells is independent of Nodal and ALK4, suggesting that CR-1 may modulate different signaling pathways to mediate its different functional roles.
Nitrile Groups. V. Substituted Aminoacetamidoximes<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrile Groups. V. Substituted Aminoacetamidoximes1CHARLES S. HOLLANDER, ROBERT A. YONCOSKIE, and PETER L. de BENNEVILLECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 8, 1112–1115Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01102a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01102a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capillary Electrophoresis (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCapillary ElectrophoresisNicholas W. Frost, Meng Jing, and Michael T. Bowser*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: (612)624-0873. Fax: (612)626-7541.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 12, 4682–4698Publication Date (Web):May 24, 2010Publication History Published online24 May 2010Published inissue 15 June 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac101151khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac101151kreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5866Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Coating materials,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
A multi-mode variable rate CELP coder based on frame classification (2002)

The authors present a modular CELP (code-excited linear prediction) coder which can switch bit-rates in response to local speech characteristics (source-controlled mode) or external network conditions (network-controlled mode). The coder is capable of operating at several bit-rates and is optimized for 16 kb/s, 8 kb/s, and 4 kb/s. A 925-b/s configuration is included for silent frames. The authors present the results of informal MOS tests which show that the variable-rate system running at an average rate of 8 kb/s achieves subjective speech quality close to that of the 16-kb/s fixed-rate system (a difference of less than 0.1 on the MOS scale).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PH-Functional Phosphines with 1,1‘-Biphenyl-2,2‘-bis(methylene) and 1,1‘-Binaphthyl-2,2‘-bis(methylene) Backbones (1998)

The first PH-functional phosphines (1, 3, and 5) containing the 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-bis(methylene) or 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-bis(methylene) backbone have been obtained by two-phase phosphination of 2,2'-bis(halomethyl)-1,1'-binaphthyls with PH(3) or in a protected-group synthesis using P(SiMe(3))(3) as the starting material. The 4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1',2'-e]phosphepine (1) is configurationally stable, as indicated by the inequivalence of the two CH(2) and naphthyl substituents in the (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectra. The X-ray crystal structure of 1.0.5C(6)H(5)CH(3) shows an intracyclic C-P-C angle of 99.5(2) degrees, the interplanar angle of the phosphepine ring system being 67.6(5) degrees. The borane adduct 7 of the secondary phosphine 1 has been employed for the syntheses of atropisomeric mono- and bidentate ligands (8-14) with the bulky 1,1'-binaphthyl moieties. Results of force field calculations on the conformations of 1, 3, and 14 are presented. The ability of these phosphines to form mononuclear and polynuclear complexes with transition-metal centers is discussed. Compound 14 exhibits a large variety of low-energy conformations, and some of them seem to be capable of forming mononuclear transition-metal complexes.
Polyoxoanions as soluble metal oxide analogs. 5. Synthesis and characterization of polyoxoanion-supported, atomically dispersed iridium(I), (1,5-COD)Ir.cntdot.P2W15Nb3O628- (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxoanions as soluble metal oxide analogs. 5. Synthesis and characterization of polyoxoanion-supported, atomically dispersed iridium(I), (1,5-COD)Ir.cntdot.P2W15Nb3O628-Richard G. Finke, David K. Lyon, Kenji Nomiya, Sandip Sur, and Noritaka MizunoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 10, 1784–1787Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00335a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (577 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MT1-MMP regulates VEGF-A expression through a complex with VEGFR-2 and Src (2010)

Membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a zinc-dependent type-I transmembrane metalloproteinase involved in pericellular proteolysis, migration and invasion, with elevated levels correlating with a poor prognosis in cancer. MT1-MMP-mediated transcriptional regulation of genes in cancer cells can contribute to tumour growth, although this is poorly understood at a mechanistic level. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which MT1-MMP regulates the expression of VEGF-A in breast cancer cells. We discovered that MT1-MMP regulates VEGFR-2 cell surface localisation and forms a complex with VEGFR-2 and Src that is dependent on the MT1-MMP hemopexin domain and independent of its catalytic activity. Although the localisation of VEGFR-2 was independent of the catalytic and intracellular domain of MT1-MMP, intracellular signalling dependent on VEGFR-2 activity leading to VEGF-A transcription still required the MT1-MMP catalytic and intracellular domain, including residues Y573, C574 and DKV582. However, there was redundancy in the function of the catalytic activity of MT1-MMP, as this could be substituted with MMP-2 or MMP-7 in cells expressing inactive MT1-MMP. The signalling cascade dependent on the MT1-MMP-VEGFR-2-Src complex activated Akt and mTOR, ultimately leading to increased VEGF-A transcription.
Standards for analysis of ventricular late potentials using high-resolution or signal-averaged electrocardiography. A statement by a Task Force Committee of the European Society of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology. (1991)

Sufficient data are available to recommend the use of the high-resolution or signal-averaged electrocardiogram in patients recovering from myocardial infarction without bundle branch block to help determine their risk for developing sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, no data are available about the extent to which pharmacological or nonpharmacological interventions in patients with late potentials have an impact on the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Therefore, controlled, prospective studies are required before this issue can be resolved. As refinements in techniques evolve, it is anticipated that the clinical value of high-resolution or signal-averaged electrocardiography will continue to increase.
Detecting Application-Level Failures in Component-Based Internet Services (2005)

Most Internet services (e-commerce, search engines, etc.) suffer faults. Quickly detecting these faults can be the largest bottleneck in improving availability of the system. We present Pinpoint, a methodology for automating fault detection in Internet services by: 1) observing low-level internal structural behaviors of the service; 2) modeling the majority behavior of the system as correct; and 3) detecting anomalies in these behaviors as possible symptoms of failures. Without requiring any a priori application-specific information, Pinpoint correctly detected 89%-96% of major failures in our experiments, as compared with 20%-70% detected by current application-generic techniques.
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation: Interplay of Surface Properties and Their Impact on Water Orientations (2017)

Ice is ubiquitous in nature, and heterogeneous ice nucleation is the most common pathway of ice formation. How surface properties affect the propensity to observe ice nucleation on that surface remains an open question. We present results of molecular dynamics studies of heterogeneous ice nucleation on model surfaces. The models surfaces considered emulate the chemistry of kaolinite, an abundant component of mineral dust. We investigate the interplay of surface lattice and hydrogen bonding properties in affecting ice nucleation. We find that lattice matching and hydrogen bonding are necessary but not sufficient conditions for observing ice nucleation at these surfaces. We correlate this behavior to the orientations sampled by the metastable supercooled water in contact with the surfaces. We find that ice is observed in cases where water molecules not only sample orientations favorable for bilayer formation but also do not sample unfavorable orientations. This distribution depends on both surface-water and water-water interactions and can change with subtle modifications to the surface properties. Our results provide insights into the diverse behavior of ice nucleation observed at different surfaces and highlight the complexity in elucidating heterogeneous ice nucleation.
Mutually Uncorrelated Primers for DNA-Based Data Storage (2018)

We introduce the notion of weakly mutually uncorrelated (WMU) sequences, motivated by applications in DNA-based data storage systems and synchronization between communication devices. WMU sequences are characterized by the property that no sufficiently long suffix of one sequence is the prefix of the same or another sequence. WMU sequences used for primer design in DNA-based data storage systems are also required to be at large mutual Hamming distance from each other, have balanced compositions of symbols, and avoid primer-dimer byproducts. We derive bounds on the size of WMU and various constrained WMU codes and present a number of constructions for balanced, error-correcting, primer-dimer free WMU codes using Dyck paths, prefix-synchronized, and cyclic codes.
Improving Distributed Forensics and Incident Response in Loosely Controlled Networked Environments (2016)

Mobile devices and virtualized appliances in the Internet of Things can be end nodes on varying networks owned by different parties over time, while still seamlessly participating in licit or illicit activities. Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) tools today struggle to perform digital investigations in such loosely controlled networked environments as they face several challenges including: scarcity of resources, availability, trust, privacy, data volumes, velocity and variety. In this paper we analyze the state of research in DFIR in networked environments, identifying the challenges facing DFIR tools particularly in loosely controlled network environments. We present the requirements for a system to address these challenges at the various steps of the typical digital investigation methodology. From this we identify the need for support from Peer to Peer (P2P) overlays and discuss their relative merits and drawbacks in order to identify those that would best support DFIR in loosely controlled networked environments. Finally we incorporate both structured and unstructured P2P overlays in various capacities in our architecture in order to organize devices in loosely controlled networks, using context information, thus enabling efficient capture, analysis and reporting of artifacts of use in digital investigations.
Sensor placement design for object pose determination with three light-stripe range finders (2002)

The pose (position and orientation) of a polyhedral object can be determined with range data obtained from simple light-stripe range finders. However, localization results are sensitive to where those range finders are placed in the workspace, that is, sensor placement. It is advantageous for vision tasks in a factory environment to plan optimal sensing positions off-line all at once rather than online sequentially. This paper presents a method for finding an optimal sensor placement off-line to accurately determine the pose of an object when using three light-stripe range finders. We evaluate a sensor placement on the basis of average performance measures such as an error rate of object recognition, recognition speed and pose uncertainty over the state space of object pose by a Monte Carlo method. An optimal sensor placement which is given a maximal score by a scalar function of the performance measures is selected by another Monte Carlo method. We emphasize that the expected performance of our system under an optimal sensor placement can be characterized completely via simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of taper heating to the temperature of extrusion. (1985)

In order to obtain the effect of taper heating in extrusion, the temperature distribution with the lapse of time was obtained in terms of billet, die and container, by applying the difference equation method to two typical examples, and calculating the heat generated in billet and heat transfer in billet, die and container during extrusion. Taper heating will not increase to a larger extent the temperature difference of products at the final stage of extrusion process, even though the billet temperature is decreased more than by uniform heating. However, taper heating is effective to decrease the product temperature and increase extrusion speed at the same time.
Thalidomide, cyclooxygenase-2, and angiogenesis: potential for therapy. (2001)

Very few drugs in modern history have had a history similar to that of thalidomide. First introduced in the late 1950s in Germany [(1)][1] , thalidomide soon became available in a total of 46 countries, including Canada and the United Kingdom but not the United States. Originally, it was marketed as
Met Proto-Oncogene and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Overexpression Correlates with Metastatic Ability in Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms (2004)

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms are neoplastic proliferations of islet cells or islet cell precursors and are capable of secreting a variety of synthetic products, including insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The biological behavior of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is often unpredictable, and there are few reliable histopathologic criteria reliably correlating with metastatic ability. We have used the Affymetrix U133 GeneChip set (HG_U133 A and B; Affymetrix; Santa Clara, CA) representing approximately 33,000 characterized transcripts to examine global gene expression profiles from well-differentiated nonmetastatic (n=5) and metastatic (n=7) pancreatic endocrine neoplasms to determine molecular markers that predict disease progression. Microarray hybridization data were normalized using the GeneLogic GeneExpress Software System to identify differentially up- and down-regulated genes in metastatic versus nonmetastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Using a 3-fold change in gene expression as a threshold, we have identified 65 overexpressed and 57 underexpressed genes in metastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms as compared with nonmetastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Several classes of genes, including growth factors and growth factor-related molecules (IGFBP1, IGFBP3, and MET), developmental factors (TBX3 and MEIS2), cytoskeletal factors (beta 1 tubulin and ACTN2), cholesterol homeostasis mediators (LRP5, SLC27A2, and RXRG), intracellular signaling pathway mediators (DYRK1A, PKIB, and AK2), methyltransferases (MGMT and GAMT), and DNA repair and regulatory molecules (CHEK1 and ZNF198), were identified as differentially over- or underexpressed via this method. Immunohistochemical validation of microarray data were performed for two overexpressed genes, namely, the met proto-oncogene (MET) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) with tissue microarrays of nonmetastatic (n=24) and metastatic (n=15) pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Increased expression of IGFBP3 was confirmed in metastatic versus nonmetastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (12 of 15, 80% versus 10 of 24, 42%), as well as in lymph node (6 of 7, 86%) and liver (9 of 9, 100%) metastases. Similarly, overexpression of MET was confirmed in metastatic versus nonmetastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (5 of 15, 33% versus 4 of 24, 17%), as well as in lymph node metastases (4 of 7, 57%) and liver metastases (5 of 9, 56%). The majority of genes that demonstrated altered expression has not been previously identified as differentially expressed in metastatic pancreatic endocrine neoplasm lesions and may therefore represent newly identified molecules in the progression of these lesions.
Altitudinal Distribution of Brown Trout and Other Fishes in a Headwater Tributary of the South Platte River, Colorado (1969)

Upstream distribution of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Little South Poudre River drainage stops between the elevations of 2,590 and 2,750 m in five tributaries. As no geomorphic barriers limit distribution, trout distribution may be related to water temperature. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is present at higher altitudes in all headwaters. Maximum 5—day water temperature is approximately 13°C at the upper altitudinal distribution of brown trout. Distribution of other species is discussed briefly.
A security policy for a profile-oriented operating system (1981)

A security policy for a profile-oriented operating system is described that is adopted from state-of-the-art security properties designed to meet even the strict security requirements of the Department of Defense. The policy is built around user, execution, and program profiles that serve as repositories for security related information. The security terms access category, access list, security level, clearance level, subject, object, discretionary and nondiscretionary security, and profile are defined. The six security rules that form the foundation of system security are described. Their interactions are detailed and examples are given. The six rules are: discretionary security condition, simple security condition, *-property (star property), tranquility principle, nonaccessibility of deleted objects, and rewriting of newly created objects.
Strain effect on the optical polarization properties of c-plane Al_026Ga_074N/GaN superlattices (2014)

A new approach to realize ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) is using AlN/GaN or AlxGa1-xN/GaN SL structure as active layers. Effect of a uniaxial strain on the degree of polarization (DOP) of Al0.26Ga0.74N/GaN superlattices (SLs) grown on c-plane sapphire substrates has been investigated. Compared with AlN/AlxGa1-xN quantum wells, the DOP of the light emission from Al0.26Ga0.74N/GaN SLs shows an opposite variation tendency with in-plane strain and quantum confinement. The results would be helpful to the structural design of c-plane deep-UV and UVA LEDs to enhance surface emission.