gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Latticework (Vortex) Cooling Effectiveness: Part 1 — Stationary Channel Experiments (2004)

The present investigation provides detailed information concerning the heat transfer coefficients and pressures in latticework (vortex) cooling channels. Two test methods are used to determine the local and overall heat transfer coefficients for a vortex channel with crossing angle of 45-degrees. Both liquid crystal and infrared thermography methods are used on acrylic and metallic models to discern the heat transfer coefficients without and with the effects of internal rib fin effectiveness. Tests with insulating ribs determine the heat transfer on the primary surfaces representing the pressure and suction side walls of an airfoil. Tests with integral metal ribs determine the additional impact of the fin effectiveness provided by the ribs. A simple radial vortex channel design is employed throughout with subchannel aspect ratios near unity, and Reynolds numbers from 20,000 to 100,000. Pressure loss variations through typical vortex channels are also measured. The objectives of this research are to show the detailed development of heat transfer in vortex channels leading to an understanding of the two main effects of turning and fin enhancements. Detailed primary surface heat transfer coefficients average about 1.5 over smooth duct behavior, but reach local values of about 3 immediately after each turn. Pressure distributions show high turning losses on the order of those associated with serpentine 180-degree turn circuits. Local heat transfer coefficient distributions are remarkably uniform throughout the channels excepting the turns themselves. Turn enhancements are retained for relatively long distances. Overall vortex channel heat transfer coefficient enhancement levels are shown to be 2.5 to 3. The effects of subchannel internal ribs, which act as fins, are shown to be very important in the overall thermal picture. Test results show that treatment of the ribs as simple fins is appropriate and that each rib surface has about the same heat transfer coefficient on average as that of the primary surface. This first detailed study shows that latticework channels have significant potential and should be further investigated.
Construction of an infectious cDNA clone of hepatitis E virus strain JE03-1760F that can propagate efficiently in cultured cells (2009)

A full-length infectious cDNA clone (pJE03-1760F/wt) of a genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) (strain JE03-1760F) obtained from a faecal specimen was constructed in this study. Upon transfection of the capped in vitro transcripts of pJE03-1760F/wt into PLC/PRF/5 cells, the viral RNA levels in the culture supernatant started to increase on day 6 post-transfection (p.t.) and reached 10(7) copies ml(-1) on day 28 p.t. Detection of increasing numbers of cells with ORF2 protein expression by immunofluorescence assay at 5, 7, 11 and 15 days p.t. indicated the spread of HEV infection in cell culture. When the cDNA-derived virus in culture supernatant was inoculated into PLC/PRF/5 or A549 cells, it grew as efficiently as the faeces-derived virus in both cells, reaching 10(6) copies ml(-1) at 30 days post-inoculation. Our reverse genetics system for HEV that is usable in a robust cell-culture system will be useful for elucidation of the mechanism of HEV replication and functional roles of HEV proteins.
Cloning of a portion of the chromosomal gene for human erythrocyte alpha-spectrin by using a synthetic gene fragment. (1986)

A region of minimal codon degeneracy was selected from the amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal alpha I domain of human erythrocyte spectrin to design a 90-base-pair DNA probe for the screening of a human genomic library. Five complementary oligonucleotides were assembled to form a full-length double-stranded DNA, which was then cloned in an M13 phage vector to generate hybridization probes. Under stringent conditions, a single hybridizing clone was isolated from a total human genomic library. Partial DNA sequence analysis established the 16.8-kilobase-pair isolate as erythrocyte alpha-spectrin by correlation to a known sequence of 131 amino acids. The spectrin 106 amino acid repeat segment is encoded by multiple exons separated by introns of various sizes. Of the 3074 base pairs of DNA sequenced thus far, 12.8% code for amino acids.
Structure of “Star” Defect in 4H-SiC Substrates and Epilayers (2006)

The structure of the “star” defect in 4H-SiC substrates and its effects on the extended defect structures in the epilayers were studied by molten KOH etching and transmission x-ray topography. Star defects consist of a center region with high densities of threading dislocations (both edge and screw types) and six arms of dislocation arrays extending along <11-20> directions. In addition, multiple linear dislocation arrays extending perpendicular to the off-cut direction were observed in the epilayers. Dislocation arrays extending along <11-20> directions are consistent with the slip bands generated by the prismatic slip: a/3<11-20>{1-100}. Bands of linear dislocation arrays extending perpendicular to the off-cut direction correspond to the threading edge dislocations nucleated during epitaxial growth.
TRIEDS: Wireless Events Detection Through the Wall (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel wireless indoor events detection system, TRIEDS. By leveraging the time-reversal technique to capture the changes of channel state information (CSI) in the indoor environment, TRIEDS enables low-complexity single-antenna devices that operate in the ISM band to perform through-the-wall indoor multiple events detection. The multipath phenomenon denotes that the electromagnetic signals undergo different reflecting and scattering paths in a rich-scattering environment. In TRIEDS, each indoor event is detected by matching the instantaneous CSI to a multipath profile in a training database. To validate the feasibility of TRIEDS and to evaluate the performance, we build a prototype that works on ISM band with carrier frequency being 5.4 GHz and 125 MHz bandwidth. Experiments are conducted to detect the states of the indoor wooden doors. Experimental results show that with a single receiver access point and transmitter (client), TRIEDS can achieve a detection rate higher than 96.92% and a false alarm rate smaller than 3.08% under either line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS transmission.
HRV analysis and blood pressure monitoring on weighing scale using BCG (2012)

Using the Ballistocardiogram(BCG) measured on weighing scale, heart rate variability(HRV) and blood pressure were estimated. BCG was measured while subjects were on weighing scale in resting state and under the Valsalva maneuver and static exercise condition to induce the change in cardiac autonomic rhythm. Time domain, frequency domain and nonlinear HRV parameters were estimated from the measured BCG and compared with the ones calculated from ECG measured simultaneously. For blood pressure(BP) estimation, ECG was measured additionally on the feet using dry electrodes simultaneously installed on weighing scale and R-J intervals were extracted as a BP correlated parameter at every beat cycle. HRV estimation results shows the correlation higher than 0.97, and the estimated BP was similar to the measured BP with a reliable correlations.
Caching and Materialization for Web Databases (2010)

Database systems have been driving dynamic websites since the early 1990s; nowadays, even seemingly static websites employ a database back-end for personalization and advertising purposes. In order to keep up with the high demand fuelled by the rapid growth of the Internet, a number of caching and materialization techniques have been proposed for web databases over the years. The main goal of these techniques is to improve performance, scalability, and manageability of database-driven dynamic websites, in a way that the quality of data is not compromised. Although caching and materialization are well-understood concepts in the traditional database and networking/operating systems literature, theWeb and web databases bring forth unique characteristics that warrant new techniques and approaches. In this monograph, we adopt a data management point of view to describe the system architectures of web databases, and analyze the research issues related to caching and materialization in such architectures. We also present the state-of-the-art in caching and materialization for web databases and organize current approaches according to the fundamental questions, namely how to store, how to use, and how to maintain cached/materialized web data. Finally, we associate work in caching and materialization for web databases to similar techniques in other related areas, such as data warehousing, distributed systems, and distributed databases.
Bone marrow transplantation prolongs life span and ameliorates neurologic manifestations in Sandhoff disease mice. (1998)

The GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of severe, neurodegenerative conditions that include Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the GM2 activator deficiency. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was examined as a potential treatment for these disorders using a Sandhoff disease mouse model. BMT extended the life span of these mice from approximately 4.5 mo to up to 8 mo and slowed their neurologic deterioration. BMT also corrected biochemical deficiencies in somatic tissues as indicated by decreased excretion of urinary oligosaccharides, and lower glycolipid storage and increased levels of beta-hexosaminidase activity in visceral organs. Even with neurologic improvement, neither clear reduction of brain glycolipid storage nor improvement in neuronal pathology could be detected, suggesting a complex pathogenic mechanism. Histological analysis revealed beta-hexosaminidase-positive cells in the central nervous system and visceral organs with a concomitant reduction of colloidal iron-positive macrophages. These results may be important for the design of treatment approaches for the GM2 gangliosidoses.
Burn Characteristics of Compressed Fuel Pellets for D-<sup>3</sup>He Inertial Fusion (1992)

The feasibility of using D-3He fuel in inertial confinement fusion is examined by using a hydrodynamics code that includes neutron and charged-particle transport routines. The use of a small amount of deuterium-tritium (D-T) ignitor is indispensable. Burn simulations are made for quasi-isobaric D-T/D-3He pellet models compressed to 5000 times the liquid density. Substantial fuel gains (~500) are obtained from pellets having parameters ρRD-T = 3 g/cm2 and ρRtotal = 14 g/cm2 and a central spark temperature of 5 keV. The amount of driver energy needed to achieve these gains is estimated to be ∼30 MJ when the coupling efficiency is 10%. The driver energy requirement can be reduced by using spin-polarized D-T and D-3He fuels.
Feasibility of providing nephrology services to remote communities with videoconferencing (2011)

We examined the feasibility of telemedicine clinics for patients with chronic kidney disease (not on dialysis) for a period of 18 months. Telemedicine clinics were run at two peripheral hospitals about 100 km from the specialist hospital in Ottawa. A total of 115 questionnaires were completed by patients and providers during the period March 2009 to July 2009. The participants were overwhelmingly positive and wanted telemedicine to continue. Some patients indicated they would discontinue follow-up care if they had to travel to Ottawa. The analysis of staff hours worked showed almost no increase following the introduction of telemedicine. Telemedicine is therefore feasible for follow-up care of remote chronic kidney disease patients.
An Adaptive Clustering Algorithm For Image Segmentation (2005)

A generalization of the K-means clustering algorithm to include spatial constraints and to account for local intensity variations in the image is proposed. Spatial constraints are included by the use of a Gibbs random field model. Local intensity variations are accounted for in an iterative procedure involving averaging over a sliding window whose size decreases as the algorithm progresses. Results with an eight-neighbor Gibbs random field model applied to pictures of industrial objects and a variety of other images show that the algorithm performs better than the K-means algorithm and its nonadaptive extensions. >
Can Coulomb repulsion for charged particle beams be overcome? (2004)

Mutual repulsion of discrete charged particles or Coulomb repulsion is widely considered to be an ultimate hard limit in charged particle optics. It prevents the ability to finely focus high current beams into a small spots at large distances from the defining apertures. A classic example is the 1970s era “Star Wars” study of an electron beam directed energy weapon as an orbiting antiballistic missile device. After much analysis, it was considered physically impossible to focus a 1000-amp 1-GeV beam into a 1-cm diameter spot 1000-km from the beam generator. The main reason was that a 1-cm diameter beam would spread to 5-m diameter at 1000-km due to Coulomb repulsion. Since this could not be overcome, the idea was abandoned. But is this true? What if the rays were reversed? That is, start with a 5-m beam converging slightly with the same nonuniform angular and energy distribution as the electrons from the original problem were spreading at 1000-km distance. Could Coulomb repulsion be overcome? Looking at the terms in computational studies, some are reversible while others are not. Since the nonreversible terms should be small, it might be possible to construct an electron beam directed energy weapon.
Sharpened electron beam deposited tips for high resolution atomic force microscope lithography and imaging (1995)

We employ the vibrating tip of an atomic force microscope as a lithographic tool to mechanically pattern a thin photoresist layer covering a GaAs–AlGaAs heterostructure. High aspect ratio electron beam deposited tips, additionally sharpened in an oxygen plasma, are used to minimize the dimensions of the fabricated quantum electronic devices. The fabrication parameters of the tips and the sharpening process are investigated. With these ultrasharp tips we are able to produce lines and holes with periods down to 9 nm in photoresist. In addition, the very sharp tips yield substantial improvements in the imaging mode.
Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid derivatives and vegetable oils (2008)

Abstract The present review reports the current literature of the last 10 years on selective oxidation reactions of fatty acid derivatives and vegetable oils. The work is structured in divisions including epoxidation, radical oxidations, Wacker‐type oxidation, dihydroxylation and C=C double bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazine‐3(2H)‐thione‐5(4H)‐ones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Registering a MultiSensor Ensemble of Images (2010)

Many registration scenarios involve aligning more than just two images. These image sets-called ensembles-are conventionally registered by choosing one image as a template, and every other image is registered to it. This pairwise approach is problematic because results depend on which image is chosen as the template. The issue is particularly acute for multisensor ensembles because different sensors create images with different features. Also, pairwise methods use only a fraction of the available data at a time. In this paper, we propose a maximum-likelihood clustering method that registers all the images in a multisensor ensemble simultaneously. Experiments involving rigid-body and affine transformations show that the clustering method is more robust and accurate than competing pairwise registration methods. Moreover, the clustering results can be used to form a rudimentary segmentation of the image ensemble.
Recent advances in understanding Epstein-Barr virus (2017)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common human herpes virus known to infect the majority of the world population. Infection with EBV is often asymptomatic but can manifest in a range of pathologies from infectious mononucleosis to severe cancers of epithelial and lymphocytic origin. Indeed, in the past decade, EBV has been linked to nearly 10% of all gastric cancers. Furthermore, recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing and the development of humanized mice, which effectively model EBV pathogenesis, have led to a wealth of knowledge pertaining to strain variation and host-pathogen interaction. This review highlights some recent advances in our understanding of EBV biology, focusing on new findings on the early events of infection, the role EBV plays in gastric cancer, new strain variation, and humanized mouse models of EBV infection.
Microcontroller based system for radon concentration measurement and data transmission (2012)

The paper presents a method for monitoring radon concentration in air using a detection chamber as transducer, an embedded system based on ATmega16 microcontroller for measuring the transducer output and a GPRS modem for sending measurement data to a remote center. The measurements were used for testing of new methods for reducing the radon levels in houses using nano-materials.
Analyse d’un coupleur bidirectionnel à fibres optiques monomodes fusionnées (1983)

The analysis of fused biconical single-mode fiber couplers shows that, as opposed to other types of single-mode fiber coupler, the coupling mechanism is not associated with evanescent waves and that the infinite cladding approximation is not valid. The two original claddings must be considered, after fusion and stretching, to form a single guide whose asymmetric excitation gives rise to the well-known beat phenomenon between two normal modes of the guide. For calculation purposes, this asymmetrically excited single guide is modeled into a pair of equivalent circular guides tangent to each other and having the same longitudinal profile as the real structure. The experimental results are compared with the theory.
Practical approach to optimize paging success rate in CDMA network (2005)

Paging success rate is one of the important performance metrics used by wireless service providers. It measures the page response acceptance rate when the MSC/VLR believes that the mobile is in the coverage area and pages the mobile to find the terminating mobile party to complete the incoming call. Obviously, the page message has to reach the mobile, and then the page response message has to reach the MSC before the originating party gives up. The paper is not about paging algorithms, rather about achieving the best page response rate for any paging algorithm. We present all the important factors and the parameters that impact paging success, based on our experience with the commercial operation of Samsung CDMA BSS. We believe that most of the details are applicable to other wireless networks.
Relative Roles of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems in the Carotid Sinus Reflex in Dogs (1969)

The effects of electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus on sinus rate and atrioventricular (A-V) conduction were studied before and after alternate interruption of the vagi and sympathetic nerves to the heart in dogs. In group I, carotid sinus stimulation caused a similar absolute decrease in sinus rate before and after vagotomy, although after vagotomy the response was more latent. Subsequent administration of propranolol blocked the effects of carotid sinus stimulation on sinus rate. In group II (dogs with intact vagi), the effects of carotid sinus stimulation and bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery on sinus rate were abolished by bilateral stellatectomy and upper thoracic ganglionectomy. In group III, the effects of carotid sinus stimulation on A-V conduction during atrial pacing at a fixed rate were not significantly altered by vagotomy and were blocked by subsequent administration of propranolol. In group IV, carotid sinus stimulation had no effect on A-V conduction after sympathetic denervation. It is concluded that the effects of the carotid sinus reflex on the heart are mediated primarily by the sympathetic nervous system efferents. In addition, evidence suggesting that sympathetic tone is a major determinant of vagal tone has been presented.
Grasping of unknown objects on a planar surface using a single depth image (2016)

In this study, we present a novel method for grasping of an unknown object on a planar surface. Given a single depth image, the planar surface and the object are extracted by employing Random Sample Consensus. Then, the principal axis of the object is approximated by means of Principal Component Analysis. The gripper of a robotic arm approaches the object in a perpendicular direction to the plane, and grasps it in an orientation determined by the normal of the plane and the obtained principal axis of the object. In this method, no 3D shape model or off-line learning is required. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of our method, we developed a grasping system using a real robotic arm and an inexpensive depth camera. The system had a 100% success rate when grasping 18 unknown household objects including a marker pen, a pencil, an eraser, a tennis ball, a Rubik's Cube, a T-shirt and a AAA battery. The results of this study imply that the system can grasp a wide range of unknown household objects and that our method is valuable for grasping of objects on a planar surface.
How to treat a sore throat (2015)

A sore throat (pharyngitis) is one of the most common conditions with which patients present in the pharmacy. Usually, a sore throat is the result of a viral or bacterial infection, which may cause symptoms such as discomfort, pain, or scratchiness in the throat. Generally, minor sore throats resolve on their own without any complications, although it is important to know when to seek medical attention.
Researching Organizational Diversity (2020)

This chapter serves as an introduction to the Routledge Companion to Organizational Diversity Research Methods. We define and contextualize what we mean by organizational diversity and research methods, comment on the role of methods in the work of diversity scholars, and provide an overview of the different parts and chapters featured in the book. We thus introduce the aims of this book, which is to explore how diversity in organizations is and can be researched, providing readers with insights into the potential research designs for studies in contemporary organizations.