gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Measurement of Polyethylene Wear in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty (2010)

The method offers the potential to define wear of metal cups with a polyethylene inlay or with X-ray dense components such as ceramic or metal inlays.
Nucleosides. 154. 2'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxypyrimidine nucleosides. Synthesis and antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

A series of four 2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized and their activity against human immunodeficiency virus was explored. 2,2'-Anhydro-5-O-benzoyluridine (6a) was prepared from 5-O-benzoyluridine (5a) and converted into 3'-deoxy analogue 8a by imidazolylthiocarbonylation followed by Bu3SnH reduction. Treatment of 8a with LiN3 in DMF followed by saponification afforded 2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (1a). The 5'-O-benzoylated nucleoside 9a was further converted into the 5-bromo and 5-iodo analogues (1b and 1c) by halogenation and debenzoylation. 2',3'-O-Isopropylideneuridine (3) was converted in two steps into the thymine nucleoside, which was benzoylated and de-O-isopropylidenated to afford 5'-O-benzoyl-5-methyluridine (5d). 2'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methyluridine (1d) was synthesized from 5d in a similar manner as that used for the synthesis of 1a from 5a. These new nucleosides, closely related to AZT, however, did not exhibit any significant anti-HIV activity in tissue culture using H9 cells.
A Crm1p-independent nuclear export path for the mRNA-associated protein, Npl3p/Mtr13p (1999)

mRNA export involves association of mRNAs with nucleoplasmic proteins, delivery to the nuclear pore complex, translocation to the cytoplasm, and reimport of recycling components. Many yeast mutants inhibit mRNA export, but there is little information concerning the RNA carriers and steps of transport that they affect. The hnRNP/serine-arginine-rich-like protein, Npl3p/Mtr13p, binds poly(A)+ RNA and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Its export accelerates on inhibition of RNA synthesis. In vivo tests show that its export requires two proteins with putative leucine-rich nuclear export signals: Gle1p, Mex67p, and several additional nuclear and nuclear pore complex-associated proteins. Surprisingly, a nonnuclear pool of an import factor (the importin alpha homologue, Srp1p) is also required. Changes in the methylation status of Npl3p do not correlate with its nucleocytoplasmic distribution. A crm1 mutant that inhibits export of proteins with leucine-rich nuclear export signals and mRNAs does not inhibit Npl3p export. Moreover, several proteins needed for Npl3p export are not needed for export of a typical Crm1p cargo. Thus, Npl3p export requires only a subset of proteins implicated in mRNA export, suggesting that more than one mRNA export path exists. A distinct group of mutants, including a mutation of a member of the importin beta superfamily, inhibits Npl3p reimport from the cytoplasm.
High-Efficiency Quantum Interrogation Measurements via the Quantum Zeno Effect (1999)

The phenomenon of quantum interrogation allows one to optically detect the presence of an absorbing object, without the measuring light interacting with it. In an application of the quantum Zeno effect, the object inhibits the otherwise coherent evolution of the light, such that the probability that an interrogating photon is absorbed can in principle be arbitrarily small. We have implemented this technique, achieving efficiencies of up to $73%$, and consequently exceeding the $50%$ theoretical maximum of the original ``interaction-free'' measurement proposal. We have also predicted and experimentally verified a previously unsuspected dependence on loss.
The two-dimensional organization of behavior (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of continual learning [1] in a new way, combining multi-modular reinforcement learning with inspiration from the motor cortex to produce a unique perspective on hierarchical behavior. Most reinforcement-learning agents represent policies monolithically using a single table or function approximator. In those cases where the policies are split among a few different modules, these modules are related to each other only in that they work together to produce the agent's overall policy. In contrast, the brain appears to organize motor behavior in a two-dimensional map, where nearby locations represent similar behaviors. This representation allows the brain to build hierarchies of motor behavior that correspond not to hierarchies of subroutines but to regions of the map such that larger regions correspond to more general behaviors. Inspired by the benefits of the brain's representation, the system presented here is a first step and the first attempt toward the two-dimensional organization of learned policies according to behavioral similarity. We demonstrate a fully autonomous multi-modular system designed for the constant accumulation of ever more sophisticated skills (the continual-learning problem). The system can split up a complex task among a large number of simple modules such that nearby modules correspond to similar policies. The eventual goal is to develop and use the resulting organization hierarchically, accessing behaviors by their location and extent in the map.
A weighted least squares PET image reconstruction method using iterative coordinate descent algorithms (2005)

In this paper, we present an image reconstruction method for positron emission tomography (PET) based on weighted least squares (WLS) objective function. Unlike a usual WLS algorithm, the proposed method, which we call it ICD-WLS, minimizes the WLS objective function using iterative coordinate descent (ICD) method in a sequence of small "hidden" data spaces. Although ICD-WLS uses a strategy to update parameter sequentially just like common ICD method, however, the use of these small "hidden" data spaces makes the ICD-WLS method converge more faster and produce reconstructed images with greater contrast and detail than the usual WLS methods. The OS algorithm is also used to accelerate image reconstruction for ICD-WLS. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective even if the projection data include statistic noise.
The three yeast A kinases have specific signaling functions in pseudohyphal growth (1998)

The three yeast A kinase catalytic subunit isoforms are redundant for viability. We demonstrate that they have dramatically different roles in pseudohyphal development: Tpk2 is essential, whereas Tpk3 inhibits. Tpk1 has no discernible effect. Two-hybrid analysis identified the transcription factor Sfl1 as a protein that interacts specifically with Tpk2, but not Tpk1 or Tpk3. Deletion of SFL1 enhances pseudohyphal and invasive growth. Flo11, a cell surface flocculin required for pseudohyphal development, is transcriptionally regulated by Tpk2 and Sfl1. Genetic evidence indicates that Tpk2 acts upstream of Sfl1 in the regulation of Flo11.
Adaptive monopulse beamforming (1976)

A new receive-array adaptive beamformer configuration is presented. The array output signal consists of the difference between a conventionally weighted beam and an adaptive beam that is constrained to have a spatial null in the direction of interest. Adaptation then provides minimum total array output power.
In vitro assays elucidate peculiar kinetics of clindamycin action against Toxoplasma gondii (1995)

In order to characterize the delayed effect of clindamycin and macrolide antibiotics against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (E. R. Pfefferkorn and S. E. Borotz, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:31-37, 1994), we have carefully examined the replication of parasites as a function of time after drug addition. Intracellular tachyzoites treated with up to 20 microM clindamycin (> 1,000 times the 50% inhibitory concentration) exhibit doubling times indistinguishable from those of controls (approximately 7 h). Drug-treated parasites emerge from infected cells and establish parasitophorous vacuoles inside new host cells as efficiently as untreated controls, but replication within the second vacuole is dramatically slowed. Growth inhibition in the second vacuole does not require continued presence of drug, but it is dependent solely on the concentration and duration of drug treatment in the first (previous) vacuole. The susceptibility of intracellular parasites to nanomolar concentrations of clindamycin contrasts with that of extracellular tachyzoites, which are completely resistant to treatment, even through several cycles of subsequent intracellular replication. This peculiar phenotype, in which drug effects are observed only in the second infectious cycle, also characterizes azithromycin and chloramphenicol treatment, but not treatment with cycloheximide, tetracycline, or anisomycin. These findings provide new insights into the mode of clindamycin and macrolide action against T. gondii, although the relevant target for their action remains unknown.
Vaginal pH-Balanced Gel for the Control of Atrophic Vaginitis Among Breast Cancer Survivors (2011)

I.
Application of the Lossless Passive Soft Switching with Non-minimum Voltage Stress (2002)

The PWM converter with non minimum voltage stress (NMVS) compared to another with minimum voltage stress has many merits such as smaller current stress and higher efficiency and so on. This paper proposes the design method of the lossless and passive soft switching applied in the power factor correction circuits. Its efficiency is proved by simulation results.
Design and Optimization of a Novel Bored Biplanar Permanent-Magnet Assembly for Hybrid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems (2010)

We present a novel design for a biplanar permanent-magnet assembly suitable for use in hybrid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. The key feature of our design is a large cylindrical hole that is longitudinally bored through the entire magnet assembly. The presence of the bore permits the potential inclusion of additional peripheral devices within or near the magnet structure that may benefit from being placed along, or oriented parallel to, the main magnetic field. In particular, the magnet assembly can be considered for use in an integrated system consisting of a 6 MV medical linear accelerator (linac) coupled to an MRI system for state-of-the-art real-time image-guided adaptive radiotherapy. We use magnetic field calculations based on the finite-element method (FEM) to quantify the detrimental effects of the bore on the field homogeneity in the imaging volume for pole-piece designs found commonly in industry. We then demonstrate that shape optimization of the pole pieces yields novel pole designs that lead to suitable levels of field homogeneity. We examined the resultant magnetic field within the bore for the optimized design and found that it has maximum field homogeneity.
The construction and performance of a multiviewer 3‐D television display (2005)

Abstract— The De Montfort University (DMU) autostereoscopic 3‐D display, intended for television applications, is described. It provides freedom of viewer movement over a typical “living room” sized area, with no restrictions on viewer's head positions. The display is capable of supplying 3‐D images to multiple viewers who do not need to wear special glasses. It operates by producing regions (exit pupils) in the viewing field where either a left or a right image is perceived. The positions of the exit pupils are steered to the viewers' eyes by the use of head tracking. Design issues that became apparent during the construction of a first prototype, and the findings from tests on it, are described. In addition, the current status of a more advanced prototype is reported.
II-BGlc, a glucose receptor of the bacterial phosphotransferase system: molecular cloning of ptsG and purification of the receptor from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli. (1987)

The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS) consists of interacting cytoplasmic and membrane proteins that catalyze the phosphorylation and translocation of sugar substrates across the cell membrane. One PTS protein, II-BGlc, is the membrane receptor specific for glucose and methyl D-glucopyranosides; the protein has been purified to homogeneity from Salmonella typhimurium [Erni, B., Trachsel, H., Postma, P. & Rosenbusch, J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13726-13730]. In the present experiments, the Escherichia coli ptsG locus, which encodes II-BGlc, was isolated from a transducing phage library and subcloned into plasmid vectors. The resulting plasmids complement the following phenotypic defects of ptsG mutants: growth on glucose, uptake and phosphorylation of methyl alpha-D-glucoside, and repression of the utilization of non-PTS sugars by methyl alpha-glucoside. The transformed cells overproduce II-BGlc 4- to 10-fold, and a Mr 43,000 polypeptide was synthesized from the plasmids in an in vitro transcription/translation system. The E. coli and S. typhimurium II-BGlc proteins differ in their physical properties, and a modified, three-step purification procedure was developed for isolating the E. coli protein.
Reaction of Phosphate-Complexed Sulfur Trioxide with Alpha-Olefins (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Phosphate-Complexed Sulfur Trioxide with Alpha-OlefinsA. F. Turbak and J. R. Livingston Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1963, 2, 3, 229–231Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360007a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i360007a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Relationship between the Inflammatory Molecular Profile of Breast Carcinomas and Distant Metastasis Development (2012)

Inflammatory conditions may promote tumor progression and aggressiveness. In previous reports, we found a group of breast cancer tumors characterized by metalloprotease-11 (MMP-11) expression by intratumoral mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs), which was associated with distant metastasis development. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the relationship between MMP-11 expression by MICs, distant metastasis development, and a wide panel of inflammatory factors in breast carcinoma. In an initial approach, we analyzed 65 factors associated with tumor progression and inflammation, in a tumor population classified in good or bad prognosis, based on MMP-11 expression by intratumoral MICs. The most differentially expressed factors were then analyzed in a wider tumor population classified according to MMP-11 expression by MICs and also according to metastasis development. These analyses were carried out by Real-time PCR. The results showed that of the 65 starting factors analyzed, those related with MMP-11 expression by MICs were: IL-1, -5, -6, -8, -17, -18, MMP-1, TIMP-1, ADAM-8, -10, -15, -23, ADAMTS-1, -2, -15, Annexin A2, IFNβ, Claudin-3, CCL-3, MyD88, IRAK-4 and NFκB. Of them, factors more differentially expressed between both groups of tumors were IL-1, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17, IFNβ and NFκB. Thereafter, we confirmed in the wider tumor population, that there is a higher expression of those factors in tumors infiltrated by MMP-11 positive MICs. Altogether these results indicate that tumors developing worse prognosis and identified by MMP-11 expression by intratumoral MICs, shows an up-regulation of inflammatory-related genes.
A Leisurely Look at the Bootstrap, the Jackknife, and Cross-Validation (1983)

Abstract This is an invited expository article for The American Statistician. It reviews the nonparametric estimation of statistical error, mainly the bias and standard error of an estimator, or the error rate of a prediction rule. The presentation is written at a relaxed mathematical level, omitting most proofs, regularity conditions, and technical details.
Association of activated proto-oncogenes ras and myc in colorectal carcinomas. (1995)

We have examined 60 colorectal carcinomas for activation of two proto-oncogenes, c-myc and c-Ki-ras. Over-expression of c-myc mRNA as determined by Northern analysis was found in 58% of cases (35/60). Activation of the c-Ki-ras gene by point mutations in codons 12 or 13 as determined by mismatch specific oligonucleotide hybridisation was found in 35% (21/60) of cases. There was a statistically significant association between activation of c-Ki-ras and over-expression of c-myc (P = 0.03), with 76% of tumours with an activated c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene showing over-expression of c-myc. The association was significant in left-sided colorectal tumours (P = 0.03) but not right-sided (P = 0.5). However, whereas only 59% of left side tumours showed at least one of the two changes (ras activation only, or myc activation only or both), 93% of right side tumours showed at least one of the changes (P = 0.01). Twenty-two percent of left side tumours showed both changes compared with 35% of right side tumours, although this result did not achieve significance (P = 0.2). These results suggest that in left-sided colorectal tumours ras and myc cooperate, as established in vitro, to produce neoplastic transformation while different pathway(s) are involved in right-sided tumours.
Facile formation of a crosslinked adduct between DNA and the daunorubicin derivative MAR70 mediated by formaldehyde: molecular structure of the MAR70-d(CGTnACG) covalent adduct. (1991)

MAR70 is a synthetic derivative of the anticancer drug daunorubicin that contains an additional sugar, attached to the O4' of daunosamine. When MAR70 was crystallized with the DNA hexamer d(CGTnACG), where nA is 2-aminoadenine, a covalent methylene bridge was formed between the N3' of daunosamine and the N2 of 2-aminoadenine. This spontaneous reaction occurred through the crosslinking action of formaldehyde. The crosslink was demonstrated by the three-dimensional structure of the 2:1 adduct between MAR70 and d(CGTnACG) solved at 1.3-A resolution by x-ray diffraction analysis. The perfect juxtaposition of the two amino groups in the complex provides a template for efficient addition of formaldehyde. This adduct structure is compared with the analogous structure at 1.5-A resolution of the complex of MAR70-d(CGTACG), in which no formaldehyde addition was observed. In both complexes, two MAR70 molecules bind to the DNA hexamer double helix; the elongated aglycon chromophore is intercalated between the CpG steps and spans the G.C Watson-Crick base pairs. The disaccharides occupy nearly the entire minor groove of the distorted B-DNA hexamer double helix. The second sugar is in contact with the sugar-phosphate backbone and does not affect the binding interactions of the daunorubicin portion to DNA. The structure allows us to model the binding to DNA of drugs having more extensive oligosaccharides. In addition, it suggests that placing a reactive (e.g., alkylating) functional group at the N3' amino position of daunorubicin might be a fruitful route for designing anticancer drugs.
Preparation of Topical Reading Lists from the Link Structure of Wikipedia (2006)

Personalized reading preparation poses an important challenge for education and continuing education. Using a PageRank derivative and graph distance ordering, we show that personalized background reading lists can be generated automatically from the link structure of Wikipedia. We examine the operation of our new tool in professional, student, and interdisciplinary researcher learning models. Additionally, we present desktop and mobile interfaces for the generated reading lists.
Exogenous 17-β estradiol administration blunts progression of established angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in female ovariectomized mice (2015)

E2 administration to Ovx females abolished progressive growth and decreased severity of AngII-induced AAAs. These effects were accompanied by increased SMC α-actin, elevated TGF-β, and reduced neutrophils. Similarly, E2 administration reduced AngII-induced atherosclerosis. These results suggest that loss of E2 in post-menopausal females may contribute to progressive growth of AAAs.
Mexiletine: biphasic action on convulsive seizures in rodents. (1986)

Mexiletine, an antiarrhythmic drug, exerted a protective effect in mice against convulsive seizures induced by electroshock or the chemical convulsant, pentylenetetrazol, and against seizures induced in inbred audiosusceptible mice by a sound signal. Administered in large doses, mexiletine produced a hyperkinetic myoclonic syndrome of 30-60 min duration. The hyperkinesia could be controlled by dimethylaminoethanol, phenobarbital and by an experimental anticonvulsive agent, eboracin.
Cognate interaction with iNKT cells expands IL-10–producing B regulatory cells (2015)

Successful induction of B-cell activation and memory depends on help from CD4+ T cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (glycolipid-specific, CD1d-restricted innate lymphocytes) provide both cognate (direct) and noncognate (indirect) helper signals to enhance B-cell responses. Both forms of iNKT-cell help induce primary humoral immune responses, but only noncognate iNKT-cell help drives humoral memory and plasma cells. Here, we show that iNKT cognate help for B cells is fundamentally different from the help provided by conventional CD4+ T cells. Cognate iNKT-cell help drives an early, unsustained germinal center B-cell expansion, less reduction of T follicular regulatory cells, an expansion of marginal zone B cells, and early increases in regulatory IL-10-producing B-cell numbers compared with noncognate activation. These results are consistent with a mechanism whereby iNKT cells preferentially provide an innate form of help that does not generate humoral memory and has important implications for the application of glycolipid molecules as vaccine adjuvants.
Helical Nanofilaments and the High Chirality Limit of Smectics<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:math> (2009)

Liquid crystalline systems exhibiting both macroscopic chirality and smectic order experience frustration resulting in mesophases possessing complex three-dimensional order. In the twist-grain-boundary phase, defect lattices mediate the propagation of twist throughout the system. We propose a new chiral smectic structure composed of a lattice of chiral bundles as a model of the helical nanofilament (B4) phase of bent-core smectics.
White Complementary Solid-State Lamp (2005)

A complementary source of white light composed of a conventional, white, phosphor-conversion light-emitting diode (LED) complemented with red-orange (625 nm) and cyan (505 nm) colored LEDs was modeled and optimized. In comparison with the conventional white LED, the optimal complementary device features a reduction of color temperature from 6725 K to 5400 K and improvement of the general color rendering index (CRI) from 73 to 90 with the minimal special CRI increased from −18 to 77. We demonstrated that the complementary source can be employed as a versatile white lamp with a trade-off between luminous efficiency and color rendering implemented by variation of contributions from the primary LEDs.