gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of XA21-mediated innate immunity (2010)

In the early 1970s, the Xa21 gene from the wild rice species Oryza longistaminata drew attention of rice breeders because of its broad-spectrum resistance to diverse strains of a serious bacterial disease of rice in Asia and Africa, called 'bacterial blight disease', caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). In 1995, we isolated the gene controlling this resistance and in 2009 demonstrated that XA21 recognizes a highly conserved peptide, called 'Ax21' (activator of XA21-mediated immunity). Tyrosine sulfation of Ax21 is required for recognition by rice XA21. A decade of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies have uncovered key components of the XA21-mediated signalling cascade. Ax21 recognition by XA21 at the cell surface induces phosphorylation-mediated events, which are predicted to alter subcellular localization and/or DNA-binding activity of a WRKY family of transcription factors. Because XA21 is representative of the large number of predicted pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in rice (n = 328), Arabidopsis (n = 35) and other plant species, further characterization of XA21-mediated signalling pathways will contribute to elucidation of these important defence responses.
Twisted inductors for low coupling mixed-signal and RF applications (2008)

Parasitic magnetic coupling is a major design challenge for integrated circuit designers. Fundamentally, it originates in conventional spiral inductors because the magnetic field is not localized, extending far beyond the perimeter. This paper introduces a twisted winding scheme for inductors that increases the localization of the magnetic field, reducing parasitic magnetic coupling by as much as 3100X and the edge-to-edge spacing of inductors by 10X. These results are validated in a 0.18 mum CMOS process.
The modified bradykinesia rating scale for Parkinson's disease: Reliability and comparison with kinematic measures (2011)

Bradykinesia encompasses slowness, decreased movement amplitude, and dysrhythmia. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-based bradykinesia-related items require that clinicians condense abnormalities in speed, amplitude, fatiguing, hesitations, and arrests into a single score. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a modified bradykinesia rating scale, which separately assesses speed, amplitude, and rhythm and its correlation with kinematic measures from motion sensors. Fifty patients with Parkinson's disease performed Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-directed finger tapping, hand grasping, and pronation-supination while wearing motion sensors. Videos were rated blindly and independently by 4 clinicians. The modified bradykinesia rating scale and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale demonstrated similar inter- and intrarater reliability. Raters placed greater weight on amplitude than on speed or rhythm when assigning a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score. Modified bradykinesia rating scale scores for speed, amplitude, and rhythm correlated highly with quantitative kinematic variables. The modified bradykinesia rating scale separately captures bradykinesia components with interrater and intrarater reliability similar to that of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Kinematic sensors can accurately quantify speed, amplitude, and rhythm to aid in the development and evaluation of novel therapies in Parkinson's disease.
Thin ferroelectric liquid crystal layers: mechanical stability and fast electro-optical response, connection between molecule design and surface properties (2013)

The storage of information after mechanical stimuli even without applied electrical field is based on the elastic properties of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) material and the anchoring energy. It is favourable for chiral molecules with extended length, such as 4,4′-di-substituted quaterphenyls and 4,4′-di-substituted quinquephenyls, which have in series-connected benzene rings, but not separated by bridging fragments. To obtain the required stability with a reasonable switching speed of about 50 μs 4,4′-di-substituted chiral quaterphenyls with two chiral centres on the same wing has been synthesised. Here, the switching is much faster compared to compounds with same quaterphenyl fragment, but only with one chiral centre.
Singles transmission scans performed post-injection for quantitative whole body PET imaging (1997)

Post-injection singles transmission scanning has been implemented in the septumless PENN PET 240H scanner. The method uses a 6 mCi point transmission source of /sup 137/Cs at the axial center and 36 cm off transaxial center of the camera field of view. Singles transmission scans of 1.8 minutes per bed axial position provide similar scan count densities to 15 minute coincidence transmission scans with a 0.5 mCi /sup 68/Ge rod transmission source. Scatter and emission contamination suppression are achieved by applying a narrow 652 keV transmission photopeak energy window. The residual 511 keV emission contamination constitutes a background of uniform spatial distribution. Accurate and low noise attenuation correction is achieved by segmenting the singles transmission images into lung and soft tissue volumes. Established 511 keV gamma ray attenuation coefficients are then applied and these images are forward projected for attenuation correction. Expectation maximisation with ordered subsets (OS-EM) reconstruction is performed for the emission data to improve image quality. Both the segmentation and OS-EM reconstruction maintain quantitative accuracy in the fully corrected emission images compared to measured coincidence transmission correction. Thus, a clinical protocol involving 40 minutes of emission scans followed by 20 minutes of singles transmission scans allow the 60 cm of the human torso to be fully scanned within 60 minutes. These quantitative whole body FDG PET images may then be used for tumor grading and assessment of tumor response to treatment.
Incidence of lead dislodgement, malfunction and perforation during the first year following device implantation (2014)

The incidence of lead-related re-intervention was comparable with the literature. The majority of re-interventions were due to lead dislodgements, particularly with right atrial and ICD leads. Re-intervention due to coronary sinus lead dislodgement was rare.
A Rapidly Evolving Homeobox at the Site of a Hybrid Sterility Gene (1998)

The homeodomain is a DNA binding motif that is usually conserved among diverse taxa. Rapidly evolving homeodomains are thus of interest because their divergence may be associated with speciation. The exact site of the Odysseus (Ods) locus of hybrid male sterility in Drosophila contains such a homeobox gene. In the past half million years, this homeodomain has experienced more amino acid substitutions than it did in the preceding 700 million years; during this period, it has also evolved faster than other parts of the protein or even the introns. Such rapid sequence divergence is driven by positive selection and may contribute to reproductive isolation.
Feedback loop analysis for AC/DC rectifiers operating in discontinuous conduction mode (2002)

High power factor rectifiers employing converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) exhibit "automatic" current shaping and use output voltage feedback to regulate the output voltage. Analysis of this feedback control loop requires derivation of the control-to-output transfer function in the presence of the rectified AC source voltage. In this paper, linear, line frequency averaged control-to-output transfer functions are derived for some common DCM power converter based rectifier topologies. Also, a new control scheme is analyzed which provides open loop correction for the nonideal input current of the DCM boost power converter, giving it unity power factor. Finally, a simple method of providing "fast" output voltage regulation under transient conditions is introduced.
New Concept for Magnetization Switching by Ultrafast Acoustic Pulses (2013)

It is shown theoretically that a single acoustic pulse, a few picoseconds long, can reverse magnetization in a magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D. Following giant magnetoelastic changes of free energy density, the magnetization vector is ejected from a local in-plane energy minimum and decays into another minimum. For an acoustic pulse duration significantly shorter than magnetization precession period τac≪Tprec, the switching threshold is determined by the acoustic pulse area, i.e., pulse integral in the time domain, similar to coherent phenomena in optics. Simulation results are summarized in a magnetoacoustic switching diagram and discussed in the context of all-optical magnetization switching by circularly polarized light pulses.
Ethnicity, health and dental care--perspectives among British Asians: 1. (1991)

In some areas, Asian communities constitute a sizeable proportion of the population around a general dental practice, yet some have never been to a dentist in the whole of their lives. A significant number of others fail to visit a dentist regularly. This two-part article aims to clarify some of the issues relating to dental care of minority groups, with particular reference to Asian communities. An outline is given of some general and dental health issues which are of particular significance to dental practitioners, as they strive to provide continuous care to the whole population. Part 1 identifies dental health problems characteristic of British Asians, Part 2 will examine some of the barriers to care.
Sigma- <i>z</i> random forest, classification and confidence (2018)

Abstract Machine learning is a promising research topic that has recently achieved remarkable results, leading to the substitution of more traditional methods with automatically learned solutions. Some recent works have begun to highlight how a machine-learned model can be tricked by just applying small variations to the data, resulting in completely erroneous outcomes. Such behaviour can be traced to two elements: the lack of any metrological characterization of the inputs passed to the model, such as the uncertainty of the data, and the lack of an assessment of the reliability of the results. This paper tackles both these elements, considering the case of random forest model and proposing a method for assessing a confidence probability as an estimator for classification reliability. This considers the original classification structure, leaving it untouched, and the distribution of the training datasets. An overlaying structure statistically combines the two, and also includes in the process the propagation of feature uncertainties as a further element deriving from input measurements. The new classification outcome is a vector of probabilities that define how reliably a feature entry can be assigned, or not, to each of the considered classes, independently of others. In this new structure, an additional classification result naturally becomes available: the unclassifiable feature entry.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometric Analysis of 2‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐ benzodiazepin‐5‐ones and Their Tetrazolo(1,5‐d) Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties of multidomain 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 single crystals (2001)

The elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants of 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 domain engineered single crystal were determined experimentally by using ultrasonic and resonance methods. It was confirmed that the single crystal system has large electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 (∼94%) and piezoelectric constant d33 (∼2800 pC/N) if the poling is done along the [001] of pseudocubic directions. A soft shear mode with a velocity of 880 m/s was observed in the [110] direction with displacement in [1̄10]. Using the measured data, the orientation dependence of phase velocities and electromechanical coupling coefficients were calculated. The origin of experimental errors and their influence on measured results are also examined.
Homopolymer distributions in lamellar copolymer/homopolymer blends (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomopolymer distributions in lamellar copolymer/homopolymer blendsKenneth R. Shull and Karen I. WineyCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 10, 2637–2644Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00036a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1023 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction to "Health Panic and Women's Health" (2003)

Between a national conference on women's physical activity and sport, and the funeral of a dear and too young friend who died of breast cancer; in cyber space somewhere between Quebec City, Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto and St. John's, where we live and work and find the comfort of our parents and friends; this is when and where we wrote the introduction to this special issue. The social, geographical and cultural contradictions of our locations and experiences were no less important than the paradoxes associated with our attempt to shed a deconstructive light on the current panic while at the same time appropriating dominant discursive resources in our personal efforts to make sense of our (un)timely encounters with health and death.
Mechanical strength of solid catalysts: Recent developments and future prospects (2007)

Abstract Mechanical strength of solid catalysts is one of the most important factors for the reliable and efficient performance of a reactor. Some recent developments on the basic mechanics of solid catalysts are reviewed in this article. The main concepts discussed are the brittle fracture which leads to the mechanical failure of the catalyst pellets, the measurement and statistical properties of the catalyst strength data, the mechanical reliability of the catalyst pellets, the mechanical properties of the catalyst packed beds, etc. For the purpose of an integrated research on catalyst mechanical properties, a multi‐scale framework for the mechanics of the fixed bed catalysts is also proposed. The scientific basis for the issues on the catalyst mechanical properties calls yet for further elucidation and advancement. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Differential roles for IFN-  and IL-17 in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (2007)

IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, so called T(h)17 cells, constitute a newly identified inflammatogenic cell population, which is critically involved in some inflammatory diseases. To explore the role of T(h)17 cells in murine experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a model of human autoimmune uveitis where T(h)1 responses predominantly participate in the pathogenesis, IL-17(-/-) mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 1-20 for disease induction. Funduscopic examination revealed that EAU was induced in IL-17(-/-) mice just like in wild-type (WT) mice at early phases of the disease. However, at later/maintenance phases, the severity was significantly reduced in IL-17(-/-) mice. Expression of IFN-gamma and MCP-1 was comparable between WT and IL-17(-/-) mice during the time course. In vivo blockade of IFN-gamma and IL-4 resulted in exacerbation of EAU at later phases with augmented IL-17 production. Taken together, our data demonstrated that IL-17/T(h)17 participates in the late phases of EAU and also that T(h)1 and T(h)17 responses are differentially required for EAU.
Regulation of Translational Efficiency by Disparate 5<sup>′</sup>‐UTRs of PPAR<i>γ</i> Splice Variants (2009)

The PPAR-gamma gene encodes for at least 7 unique transcripts due to alternative splicing of five exons in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). The translated region is encoded by exons 1-6, which are identical in all isoforms. This study investigated the role of the 5'-UTR in regulating the efficiency with which the message is translated to protein. A coupled in vitro transcription-translation assay demonstrated that PPAR-gamma1, -gamma2, and -gamma5 are efficiently translated, whereas PPAR-gamma4 and -gamma7 are poorly translated. An in vivo reporter gene assay using each 5'-UTR upstream of the firefly luciferase gene showed that the 5'-UTRs for PPAR-gamma1, -gamma2, and -gamma4 enhanced translation, whereas the 5'-UTRs for PPAR-gamma5 and -gamma7 inhibited translation. Models of RNA secondary structure, obtained by the mfold software, were used to explain the mechanism of regulation by each 5'-UTR. In general, it was found that the translational efficiency was inversely correlated with the stability of the mRNA secondary structure, the presence of base-pairing in the consensus Kozak sequence, the number of start codons in the 5'-UTR, and the length of the 5'-UTR. A better understanding of posttranscriptional regulation of translation will allow modulation of protein levels without altering transcription.
Tissue harmonic imaging with CMUTs (2011)

In this work, we report on the characterization of a CMUT probe (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer) for Tissue Harmonic Imaging (THI). The intrinsic nonlinear behavior of the CMUT probe was first investigated. Matched electrical waveforms were transmitted to limit the impact of the transmit response distortion. With the implemented method, we demonstrated higher performances through in-vitro harmonic imaging.
Kinetics of Heat Release in Petroleum Hydrogenation (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Heat Release in Petroleum HydrogenationStephen B. JaffeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1974, 13, 1, 34–39Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260049a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i260049a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Alignment of Non-Covalent Interactions at Protein-Protein Interfaces (2008)

The Galinter method has been validated in the comparison of interfaces in which homologous subunits are involved, including cases of mimicry. The method is also applicable to comparing interfaces involving non-peptidic compounds. Galinter assists users in identifying local interface regions with similar patterns of non-covalent interactions. This is particularly relevant to the investigation of the molecular basis of interaction mimicry.
Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension by MR phase-mapping method (2001)

We describe a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method that emphasizes pressure wave velocity to noninvasively assess pulmonary arterial hypertension. Both the blood flow and the corresponding vessel cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured by MR phase mapping in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) in 15 patients. MPA pressures were also measured, in the same patients, by right-side heart catheterization. Two significant relationships were established: 1) between the pressure wave velocity in the MPA and the mean pressure in the MPA (Ppa) writing pressure wave velocity = 9.25 Ppa - 202.51 (r = 0.82) and 2) between the ratio of pressure wave velocity to the systolic blood velocity peak in the MPA (R) and the mean pressure in the MPA writing R = 0.68 Ppa - 4.33 (r = 0.89). Using these relationships, we estimated two pressure values to frame the actual Ppa value in each patient from the present series with a reasonable reliability percentage (87%).
Reversible Decade Counting Circuit (1946)

A ring-of-ten circuit is described, using ten pentodes, ten twin-triodes, ten resistors, and no condensers, per ring. Two pairs of input terminals are provided for clockwise and counter-clockwise feeding, respectively. This circuit can be used for electronic adding and subtracting, as well as for differential counting-rate measurements on two sources. With the addition of five resistors to a ring, the number of counted events can be indicated on the screen of a small cathode-ray tube. This circuit counts up to 5×105 evenly spaced events per second.
Heterocyclen aus Lävulinsäure. VI. Über die Bildung von Pyrrolo[3.4‐c]‐pyrazolen (1969)

Abstract Die aus 2‐Oxolävulinsäureäthylester mit Aminen und Aldehyden gebildeten 3‐Acetyl‐4.5‐dioxopyrrolidine 1 reagieren mit Arylhydrazinen zu entsprechenden 6‐Oxo‐1.4.5.6‐tetrahydropyrrolo[3.4‐c]pyrazolen 2 .
Fluorescent probe for high‐throughput screening of membrane protein expression (2013)

Screening of protein variants requires specific detection methods to assay protein levels and stability in crude mixtures. Many strategies apply fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography (FSEC) using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins to qualitatively monitor expression, stability, and monodispersity. However, GFP fusion proteins have several important disadvantages; including false-positives, protein aggregation after proteolytic removal of GFP, and reductions in protein yields without the GFP fusion. Here we describe a FSEC screening strategy based on a fluorescent multivalent NTA probe that interacts with polyhistidine-tags on target proteins. This method overcomes the limitations of GFP fusion proteins, and can be used to rank protein production based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. Domain boundaries of the human G-protein coupled adenosine A2a receptor were readily identified from crude detergent-extracts of a library of construct variants transiently produced in suspension-adapted HEK293-6E cells. Well expressing clones of MraY, an important bacterial infection target, could be identified from a library of 24 orthologs. This probe provides a highly sensitive tool to detect target proteins to expression levels down to 0.02 mg/L in crude lysate, and requires minimal amounts of cell culture.