gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estratificación socioeconómica, estado nutricional y lípidos plasmáticos en escolares venezolanos. (2012)

Objetivo: Asociar el perfil antropométrico y lipídico con el estatus socioeconómico en un grupo de niños venezolanos en edad escolar de clase alta, media y en pobreza crítica.\nMétodos: Se estudiaron 161 niños con edades entre 7-9 años de tres estratos socioeconómicos (ESE): alto o II (n=50), medio o III (n=58), pobreza crítica o V (n=53) según Método de Graffar-Méndez Castellano. Se determinó peso y talla; se midió colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (TGL) y colesterol unido a HDL (HDLc) en plasma mediante métodos enzimáticos-colorimétricos. Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC), colesterol unido a LDL (LDLc) e índices de riesgo cardiovascular.\nResultados: La frecuencia de exceso de peso fue mayor en los estratos II y III mientras que el déficit de peso fue más frecuente entre los niños de ESE V, aunque sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Después de ajuste por género e IMC, los niños de estrato III presentaron valores significativamente más elevados de TGL, colesterol noHDL, relación CT/HDLc, relación LDLc/HDLc y TGL/HDLc así como cifras de HDLc más bajas en comparación con los niños de estrato II o alto. Comparados con los niños de estrato alto, los niños de estrato V (pobreza crítica) también mostraron valores significativamente más altos de TGL, relación CT/HDLc, relación LDLc/HDLc y TGL/HDLc mientras que sus niveles de HDLc fueron más bajos. El número de casos de hipertrigliceridemia, HDLc bajo, relación CT/HDLc elevada, relación LDLc/HDLc elevada y relación TGL/HDLc elevada fue más alto en los estratos III y V en comparación con el estrato II, siendo esto último más evidente en el grupo de clase media.\nConclusiones: Los escolares de estrato medio y bajo mostraron un perfil lipídico de mayor riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares que los niños de estrato II, coexistiendo mayor frecuencia de obesidad y dislipidemias en el estrato medio.
Low hardware cost STUMPS BIST (2014)

Built In Self-Test (BIST) is widely used test methodology for its testing cost, testing time and online testing capability. Traditional BIST suffers with high test hardware overhead which is due to presence of on-chip test blocks like TPG, analyzer, ROM etc. In this paper a low hardware cost BIST is proposed, which eliminates the requirement of external TPG by reconfiguring the available scan chains as TPG and ensures the testability of combo logic present in the reconfigurable scan chains. The proposed BIST is tested with standard ISCAS benchmark circuits and the experimental results shows that the proposed BIST averagely reduces the area overhead by 13.16 % and power overhead by 14.32 %.
L’Europe et sa defense: Bilan et perspectives (1982)

Devant l’impuissance des hommes et la carence des institutions, on se prend à réver à quelque coup de force qui, à l’instar de l’enlévement d’Europe par le taureau légendaire de la mythologie grecque, arracherait notre continent somnolent à ce monde de velléités, de palabres et d’atermoiements ou il semble se complaire. Le sursaut salutaire viendra-t-il à point nomme?
Multimodal chromatography: debottlenecking the downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies (2015)

The commercial potential of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been continuously increasing during the last years alongside with the number of approved mAb-based drugs and clinical trials. Despite their effectiveness and safety, the general access to this class of biopharmaceuticals is barred by high selling prices. Downstream processing is now considered the bottleneck in the manufacturing of mAbs. Therefore, the design of novel and economic operations and their implementation in the current technology platforms constitutes a pressing need. This review provides an insight into the current state-of-the-art in mAbs purification, focusing on multimodal chromatography as one of the viable options to upgrade the established purification train.
Ligand binding and enzymic catalysis coupled through subunits in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (1975)

The interaction of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus with its substrates in the aminoacyl adenylation reaction has been studied by stopped-flow fluorescence. The observed changes have been assigned to their chemical and physical processes by comparison with equilibrium dialysis, pyrophosphate exchange kinetics and rapid quenching and sampling techniques to give the rate constants for ligand binding, the formation of tyrosyl adenylate, and the reverse reaction. The stoichiometry of tyrosine and ATP binding in the catalytic process has been determined directly by equilibrium dialysis and equilibrium gel filtration under pyrophosphate exchange conditions, i.e., where a steady state has been set up in which the equilibrium position favors starting materials. It is shown that the rate-determining step in the formation of tyrosyl adenylate involves 1 mole each of tyrosine and ATP. A second mole of tyrosine and ATP bind to the aminoacyl adenylate complex stabilizing the high-energy intermediate. The enzyme tyrosyl adenylate complex that is isolated by gel filtration is in a different conformational state from that in the presence of tyrosine and ATP.
Harmonographics: Physics of an Artistic Novelty of the Victorian Era (1991)

When two pendulums swing at right angles to each other, the combination of their oscillations plotted on paper form intricate patterns called Lissajous figures. A device which makes these patterns is called a harmonograph because it records harmonic motion. I became interested in harmonographs after seeing samples of Lissajous figures and marvelling at their complexity and beauty. I wanted to know how such a simple machine could make such a wide variety of complex designs. I set out to learn about the physics and mathematics of simple harmonic motion which are reflected in the Lissajous figures.
Formation of gallium arsenide nanostructures in Pyrex glass (2013)

In this paper, we report on a simple, low-cost process to grow GaAs nanostructures of a few nm diameter and ∼50 nm height in Pyrex glass wafers. These nanostructures were grown by sequential plasma activation of GaAs and Pyrex glass surfaces using a low-temperature hybrid plasma bonding technology in air. Raman analyses of the activated surfaces show gallium oxide and arsenic oxide, as well as suppressed non-bridging oxygen with aluminate and boroxol chains in glass. The flow of alkaline ions toward the cathode and the replacement of alkaline ions by Ga and As ions in glass result in the growth of GaAs nanostructures in nanopores/nanoscratches in glass. These nanopores/nanoscratches are believed to be the origin of the growth of the nanostructures. It was found that the length of the GaAs nanostructures may be controlled by an electrostatic force. Cross-sectional observation of the bonded interface using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the existence of the nanostructures. A possible application of the nanostructures in glass is a filtration system for biomolecules.
Excited Singlet (S<sub>1</sub>) State Resonance Raman Analysis of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘,<i>N</i>‘-Tetramethylbenzidine and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘,<i>N</i>‘-Tetramethyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine (2003)

Vibrational data on the first excited singlet state (S1) of N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) have been obtained by using picosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy for different isotopic derivatives and for the N,N,N‘,N‘-tetraethyl analogues, TEB and TEPD. Reliable vibrational assignments are proposed. On this basis, the S1 state structure and electronic configuration of these diamines are discussed and compared with the results previously reported for the ground state, the lowest excited triplet state, and the radical cation species.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aza‐Fused Polycyclic Quinolines via Double C—H Bond Activation. (2012)

Abstract The present protocol is restricted to internal alkynes.
A Fast Algorithm to Find All-Pairs Shortest Paths in Complex Networks (2012)

Finding shortest paths is a fundamental problem in graph theory, which has a large amount of applications in many areas like computer science, operations research, network routing and network analysis. Although many exact and approximate algorithms have been proposed, it is still a time-consuming task to calculate shortest paths for large-scale networks with tremendous volume of data available in recent years. In this paper, we find that the classic Dijkstra's algorithm can be improved by simple modification. We propose a fast algorithm which utilize the preiously-calculated results to accelerate the latter calculation. Simple optimization strategies are also proposed with consideration of characteristics of scale-free complex networks. Our experimental results show that the average running time of our algorithm is lower than the Dijkstra's algorithm by a factor relating to the connection probability in random networks of ER model. The performance of our algorithm is significantly better than the Dijkstra's algorithm in scale-free networks generated by the AB model. The results show that the time complexity is reduced to about O(n2.4) in scalefree complex networks. When the optimization strategies are applied, the algorithm performance is further improved slightly in scale-free networks.
A Lethal Complication of Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization (1993)

Anesthesiology Service Department of Veterans Affairs Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto, California
Design of Hybrid Grating for Color Filter Application in Liquid Crystal Display (2007)

Conventional color liquid crystal displays obtain red, green, and blue (RGB) lights by three color filters which absorb other spectra and allow a specific color to transmit. Consequently, the efficiency of conventional color filter in the liquid crystal display is no more than 1/3. The hybrid grating substituted for the color filter use a cold cathode fluorescent lamp or RGB light-emitting diode backlight module in the liquid crystal display to improve the efficiency is proposed. It consists of a set of dual-grating and dual-lenticular lens array. The simulation results of hybrid grating exhibit a gain factor of 1.78 in efficiency, compared with conventional color filters.
How much guidewire is too much? Direct measurement of the distance from subclavian and internal jugular vein access sites to the superior vena cava-atrial junction during central venous catheter placement (2000)

Patient height, weight, and measurements from previous chest radiographs are less reliable in predicting a safe wire length than is the access site selected. In most cases, 18 cm should be considered the upper limit of guidewire introduced during central catheter placement in adults. The guidewires supplied in catheter kits should have lengths correlated to those of the catheters, and should have distance markings printed upon them.
Jak-STAT pathway is involved in the induction of TNF- gene during stimulation by IL-2 (1998)

IL-2 is the major regulatory cytokine of the immune system. It plays a key role in T cell survival, growth and activation. IL-2 may induce the expression of multiple genes including some cytokine genes. The induction of these genes is triggered by different signal pathways, one of them being the Jak-STAT signal pathway. The genes regulated by this pathway remain to be determined. By studying IL-2-inducible genes, we have confirmed that the TNF-β gene is one of the immediate early genes activated by IL-2. By analysis of the DNA sequences around 180 – 300 bases upstream of the transcription initiation point of the mouse TNF-β gene, we demonstrate that there is a STAT5 binding site which is essential to the inducibility of the TNF-β gene. Furthermore, in BA/F3 cells co-transfected with the STAT5A gene and IL-2Rβ gene, the activation of the TNF-β gene promoter by IL-2 was greatly promoted, whereas the TNF-β gene promoter became IL-2-non-inducible if the STAT5A gene was substituted with a dominant negative STAT5A, i.e. a C-terminally truncated mutant. Taken together, our results show that the Jak-STAT signal pathway is involved in induction of the TNF-β gene in cells stimulated by IL-2.
Optical properties of InAs quantum dots in a Si matrix (1999)

We investigate the optical properties of nanoscale InAs quantum dots (QDs) in a Si matrix. At a growth temperature of 400 °C, the deposition of 7 ML InAs leads to the formation of coherent islands with dimensions in the 2–4 nm range. A luminescence band in the 1.3 μm region found exclusively for samples with such InAs QDs exhibits a pronounced excitation density dependence of the peak position and a decay time of 440 ns. The optical properties suggest an indirect type II transition for InAs/Si QDs. The electronic structure of InAs/Si QDs is discussed in view of available band offset information.
Fully compact anechoic chamber using the pyramidal ferrite absorber for immunity test (2002)

A new generation of electromagnetic wave absorber, which has a pyramidal shape and 10 cm in height and excellent absorbing characteristics, was developed to satisfy the required characteristics of a fully compact anechoic chamber in the wide frequency range. The material of the new absorber is composed of a ferrite powder and polypropylene. When the new absorber was cascaded on a conventional ferrite absorber, the absorbing characteristics of this hybrid absorber was over 20 dB in the wide frequency range of 70 MHz to 10 GHz. At the same time, an anechoic chamber using the hybrid absorber presented excellent uniformity of electromagnetic field strength according as IEC 61000-4-3 in the frequency range of 26 MHz to 3 GHz.
Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Physicians' Stethoscopes (1999)

Because stethoscopes might be potential vectors of nosocomial infections, this study, conducted in a 450-bed general hospital, was devised to evaluate the bacterial contamination of stethoscopes; bacterial survival on stethoscope membranes; the kinetics of the bacterial load on stethoscope membranes during clinical use; and the efficacy of 70% alcohol or liquid soap for membrane disinfection. Among the 355 stethoscopes tested, 234 carried > or =2 different bacterial species; 31 carried potentially pathogenic bacteria. Although some bacteria deposited onto membranes could survive 6 to 18 hours, none survived after disinfection.
State of the Practice of Automatic Vehicle Location for Winter Maintenance Operations (2007)

This paper reviews usage of automatic vehicle location (AVL) for winter maintenance applications as identified through a study conducted for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. AVL is a vehicle-based technology that builds on the need for communication of data between a center and maintenance vehicles in the field, especially with respect to the location of a vehicle. It supports a variety of applications, using both real-time and historical data. The use of AVL for winter maintenance has reached a certain level of maturity, with successful deployments by several transportation agencies. Consequently, there is a rich repository of documented experience on lessons learned and best practices for use of AVL in winter maintenance operations. Some of the major themes include the need for thoughtful integration of AVL into an existing vehicle fleet and with the variety of expected users and sensor packages, and the need to consider the communications requirements of the various technologies. Through several years of demonstration and evaluation, many of the problems which plagued earlier AVL deployments, such as sensor protection, communications availability, and GPS accuracy, have been addressed. The level of support from the vendor community has improved as AVL vendors have become flexible, adapting and customizing systems to fit specific customer requirements. Vendors also provide customized maps, statistical analysis, and reports as requested by the customer. AVL users generally plan to sustain or increase their use of the technology, and there are a number of transportation agencies performing AVL pilot projects to further the use of AVL in winter maintenance activities.
Drugging RNAi (2015)

RNAi therapeutics are emerging as a major drug discovery engine
Oxidation of<i>n</i>-Tetradecane and 1-Tetradecene by Fungi (1970)

Cunninghamella blakesleeana (minus strain) and a Penicillium species were grown in a mineral-salts medium containing either n-tetradecane or 1-tetradecene as substrate, and ether extracts of the mycelial mats were analyzed for oxidation products. Extracts from Cunninghamella revealed tetradecanoic acid and 13-tetradecenoic acid from the oxidation of n-tetradecane and 1-tetradecene, respectively, thereby indicating that these hydrocarbons were subject to methyl group oxidation. In contrast to Cunninghamella, the Penicillium oxidized the two substrates by subterminal attacks on methylene rather than methyl groups. This was evidenced by tentative identifications of the following alcohols and ketones from oxidation of the hydrocarbons: tetradecan-2-ol, dodecan-1-ol, tetradecan-2-one, and tetradecan-4-one from n-tetradecane, and tetradecen-4-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-ol, tetradecen-3-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-one, and tetradecen-3-one from 1-tetradecene. A pathway for hydrocarbon oxidation is proposed for subterminal oxidation at the methylene alpha to the methyl group.
Functional analysis of plant gene - For gene targeting. Activation tagging. (1996)

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Synthesis and activity of some quinolone derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. (1996)

Quinolones 7a-i and 8a-i were synthesized and tested in vitro as antimalarial against Plasmodium falciparum in chloroquine resistant strain. The above compounds were inactive at concentrations of 1.0 x 10(-4) M except the quinolone 3-amino-9-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]-4-quinolone 7h which showed IC50 of 5.06 microM given the most interesting results.
SOME CYTOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES OF SPHEROPLASTS OF<i>CANDIDA ALBICANS</i> (1964)

Kobayashi, George S. (Tulane University, New Orleans, La.), Lorraine Friedman, and Judith F. Kofroth. Some cytological and pathogenic properties of spheroplasts of Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 88:795-801. 1964.-Spheroplasts of Candida albicans were prepared by use of an enzymatic mixture from the digestive tract of the snail Helix pomatia. Untreated cells exhibited well-defined cell walls, whereas such structures were absent from spheroplasts. The intravenous inoculation of either spheroplasts or intact cells into rabbits produced a fever which was apparent within 30 min, the "immediate" fever response characteristic of microbial endotoxin. Cell-wall fragments of enzyme-treated cells did not induce a convincing pyrogenic response. When the inoculum was viable, body temperatures did not return to normal but remained elevated until death of the animal 1 or more days later, exhibiting the "delayed" fever of infection. The gross pathological picture in animals succumbing to infection by viable spheroplasts was similar to that obtained with untreated yeast cells.
Stability analysis and breast tumor classification from 2D ARMA models of ultrasound images (2009)

Two-dimensional (2D) autoregressive moving average (ARMA) random fields have been proven to be accurate models of ultrasound breast images. However, the stability properties of these models have not been examined. In this paper, we investigate the stability of 2D ARMA models in ultrasound breast images, and use the estimated 2D ARMA coefficients as a basis for statistical inference using artificial neural networks. Specifically, we use the estimated 2D ARMA coefficients as inputs to a Multi layer perceptron (MLP) neural network to classify the ultrasound breast image into three regions: healthy tissue, benign tumor, and cancerous tumor. Our simulation results on various cancerous and benign ultrasound breast images illustrate the power of the proposed algorithm as attested by different learning algorithms and classification accuracy measures.
Cobalt sputtering target and sputter deposition of Co thin films for cobalt silicide metallization (1999)

CoSi 2 is considered an alternative to TiSi2 for use as a contact in ultralarge scale integration due to its low resistivity, excellent chemical stability and lower formation temperature. Sputter deposition of Co thin films is one of the crucial steps in the cobalt salicide (a self-aligned silicide) process. One major problem with sputter deposition of Co thin films is that Co is a ferromagnetic material and is difficult to sputter. The dc magnetic field transmitted through a ferromagnetic material from one side to another is called the pass-through flux (PTF). In this study, the effects of target PTF and sputtering process parameters such as Ar pressure and sputtering power on the sputter process were studied. Co targets with PTF% of 65% (high PTF), 53% (medium PTF) and 32% (low PTF) were sputter tested. The sputter deposition rate, I–V characteristics, film sheet resistance and film uniformity were measured under various sputter conditions. The study indicated that, in magnetron sputtering of Co, a high magnetic flux intensity could be obtained by using a high PTF target that allowed maximum magnetic flux to permeate through the target. The I–V characteristics of different PTF targets followed the typical I=KVn relationship of dc planar magnetron sputtering. The exponents in the equation, n, increased with increasing target PTF%, indicating the sputtering impedance decreased with increasing target PTF%. The target with the highest PTF% demonstrated the best performance and film uniformity. Rapid thermal processing (RTP) was carried out to form cobalt silicides at temperatures between 300 and 850 °C in Ar atmosphere for various times. The sheet resistance of the Co and cobalt silicide films produced was monitored by a four-point probe before and after the RTP. The sheet resistance decreased significantly after annealing at 600 and 700 °C due to formation of CoSi2, which has lower resistivity. The significant increase in sheet resistance after annealing at 400 and 500 °C was attributed to formation of the CoSi phase. For the 16 nm thick Co film, a sheet resistance of 3.2 Ω/sq was obtained after RTP at 600 and 700 °C.
Design and Optimization of Germanium-Based Gate-Metal-Core Vertical Nanowire Tunnel FET (2019)

In this paper, a germanium-based gate-metal-core vertical nanowire tunnel field effect transistor (VNWTFET) has been designed and optimized using the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. In the proposed structure, by locating the gate-metal as a core of the nanowire, a more extensive band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) area can be achieved compared with the conventional core-shell VNWTFETs. The channel thickness (<i>T</i><sub>ch</sub>), the gate-metal height (<i>H</i><sub>g</sub>), and the channel height (<i>H</i><sub>ch</sub>) were considered as the design parameters for the optimization of device performances. The designed gate-metal-core VNWTFET exhibits outstanding performance, with an on-state current (<i>I</i><sub>on</sub>) of 80.9 μA/μm, off-state current (<i>I</i><sub>off</sub>) of 1.09 × 10<sup>-12</sup> A/μm, threshold voltage (<i>V</i><sub>t</sub>) of 0.21 V, and subthreshold swing (SS) of 42.8 mV/dec. Therefore, the proposed device was demonstrated to be a promising logic device for low-power applications.