gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of endogenous inducers of the mal regulon in Escherichia coli (1987)

The expression of the maltose regulon in Escherichia coli is induced when maltose or maltodextrins are present in the growth medium. Mutations in malK, which codes for a component of the transport system, result in the elevated expression of the remaining mal genes. Uninduced expression in the wild type, as well as elevated expression in malK mutants, is strongly repressed at high osmolarity. In the absence of malQ-encoded amylomaltase, expression remains high at high osmolarity. We found that uninduced expression in the wild type and elevated expression in malK mutants were paralleled by the appearance of two types of endogenous carbohydrates. One, produced primarily at high osmolarity, was identified as comprising maltodextrins that are derived from glycogen or glycogen-synthesizing enzymes. The other, produced primarily at low osmolarity, consisted of an oligosaccharide that was not derived from glycogen. We isolated a mutant that no longer synthesized this oligosaccharide. The gene carrying this mutation, termed malI, was mapped at min 36 on the E. coli linkage map. A Tn10 insertion in malI also resulted in the loss of constitutivity at low osmolarity and delayed the induction of the maltose regulon by exogenous inducers.
Non-Contact Object Transportation Using Near-Field Acoustic Levitation Induced by Ultrasonic Flexural Waves (2008)

YIN, YANBO.Non-Contact Object Transportation using Near-Field Acoustic Levitation induced by Ultrasonic Flexural Waves.(Under the direction of Dr. Paul I. Ro.)Handling and processing precision products, such as Compact Discs, LCDs, LSIs and silicon wafers requires strict conditions to keep the products from acquiring tiny defects, scratches and stains.A non-contact transportation system using Near-Field Acoustic Levitation (NFAL) will satisfy these conditions.An initial experiment was firstly set up to check the validation of NFAL Phenomenon.A system consisting of an aluminum beam, two piezoelectric actuators and a mechanical horn was experimentally and theoretically analyzed.With an input of 300 Vp-p, a flat object weighing 4g could be levitated and transported with the speed up to 17 cm/s.The transportation direction can be reversed by adjusting the phase angle difference between the two actuators.Computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed to obtain the time average speed in acoustic streaming.Sliding Film Theory was then utilized to investigate the mechanism of transportation, where the shear force induced by the acoustic streaming was found to be the main source of driving the floating object.To extend the transportation, transportation over a curved path and Module-to-Module connection were experimentally performed.A beam with a shape of 90 degrees of arc was found to have uniform mode shapes and experiment results confirmed its feasibility to change transportation direction.For Module-to-Module connection, a speed threshold was discovered beyond which the transportation would be smooth without any problems.Cylinder rolling induced by the acoustic streaming was also performed to find out the dynamics of the cylinder.To optimize the system performance, the mechanical parts were analyzed in frequency domain.A close-loop system, which consists of the transportation module, vision module, and instrumentation module, was proposed.PID, Single Neuron Method and Sliding Mode Control were adopted to investigate the control effects and the performance results were mixed.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Thrust Force at Initial Stages of Drilling on Inclined Surfaces (2006)

Drilling on inclined surfaces has such problems as the decrease of hole accuracy and damage of tools compared with the drilling on flat surfaces.A comparative study of the thrust force at initial stages of drilling on inclined surfaces was conducted through experiments.Its theoretical analysis was made and the numerical simulation of the analysis agrees with experimental results.Furthermore,the effects of inclined angle and feed speed on the thrust force are estimated.The analysis model explains the thrust force at initial stages of drilling on inclined surfaces.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel<i>trans</i>-[PtCl<sub>2</sub>(amine)(isopropylamine)] Compounds:  Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptosis Induction in<i>r</i><i>as-</i>Transformed Cells (1999)

The synthesis and chemical characterization of three new transplatinum complexes of structural formula trans-[PtCl(2)(amine)(isopropylamine)] (amine = n,n-dimethylamine, propylamine, and butylamine), 1-3, are described. Cytotoxicity tests in tumor cell lines sensitive to cis-DDP (Jurkat, Hela, and Vero) and also in tumor cell lines overexpressing ras oncogenes and resistant to cis-DDP (HL-60 and Pam 212-ras) show that complexes 1 and 3 have higher cytotoxic activity than cisplatin. Moreover, these two trans-Pt(II) complexes kill Pam 212-ras cells through apoptosis induction. These results suggest that trans-PtCl(2) complexes with asymmetric aliphatic amines may be considered a new class of biologically active trans-platinum drugs.
A Review of the Virological Efficacy of the 4 World Health Organization–Recommended Tenofovir-Containing Regimens for Initial HIV Therapy (2012)

We systematically reviewed studies of the virological efficacy of the 4 new tenofovir (TDF)-containing regimens recommended for initial antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the 2010 World Health Organization ARV Treatment Guidelines. Thirty-three studies assessed the efficacy of 1 or more TDF-containing regimens: TDF/lamivudine (3TC)/nevirapine (NVP) (n = 3), TDF/ emtricitabine (FTC)/NVP (n = 9), TDF/3TC/efavirenz (EFV) (n = 6), and TDF/FTC/EFV (n = 19). TDF/3TC/NVP was the least well-studied and appeared the least efficacious of the 4 regimens. In 2 comparative studies, TDF/3TC/NVP was associated with significantly more virological failure than AZT/3TC/NVP; a third study was terminated prematurely because of early virological failure. TDF/FTC/NVP was either equivalent or inferior to its comparator arms. TDF/3TC/EFV was equivalent to its comparator arms. TDF/FTC/EFV was equivalent or superior to its comparator arms. Possible explanations for these findings include the greater antiviral activity of EFV versus NVP and longer intracellular half-life of FTC-triphosphate versus 3TC-triphosphate. Further study of TDF/3TC/NVP is required before it is widely deployed for initial ARV therapy.
The Triplet State and Molecular Electronic Processes in Organic Molecules (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Triplet State and Molecular Electronic Processes in Organic MoleculesS. K. Lower and M. A. El-SayedCite this: Chem. Rev. 1966, 66, 2, 199–241Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60240a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60240a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5750Altmetric-Citations909LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Infrared image scintillation: comparison of modeling and measurement (2006)

Atmospheric scintillation effects on point targets and small targets are studied in the middle-wave infrared (MWIR) band over a 2.5-km horizontal path. Expressions are presented for both exact numerical calculations and for a Gaussian-aperture approximation of scintillation that has an accurate analytic solution. Experimental results show that measurements of C using a commercial NIR scintillometer allow the prediction of average scintillation levels in the MWIR when corrections are made for wavelength and dimensions of the source and receiver. The measured log-irradiance values are approximately lognormal, and are about a factor of 2 higher than would have been expected from theory. Our results are relevant for analysis of detection and false-alarm probabilities over long horizontal paths in the MWIR.
An Integrated Solution for Online Multichannel Noise Tracking and Reduction (2011)

Noise statistics estimation is a paramount issue in the design of reliable noise-reduction algorithms. Although significant efforts have been devoted to this problem in the literature, most developed methods so far have focused on the single-channel case. When multiple microphones are used, it is important that the data from all the sensors are optimally combined to achieve judicious updates of the noise statistics and the noise-reduction filter. This contribution is devoted to the development of a practical approach to multichannel noise tracking and reduction. We combine the multichannel speech presence probability (MC-SPP) that we proposed in an earlier contribution with an alternative formulation of the minima-controlled recursive averaging (MCRA) technique that we generalize from the single-channel to the multichannel case. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MC-SPP and multichannel noise estimator, we integrate them into three variants of the multichannel noise reduction Wiener filter. Experimental results show the advantages of the proposed solution.
An uncooked vegan diet shifts the profile of human fecal microflora: computerized analysis of direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography profiles of bacterial cellular fatty acids (1992)

The effect of an uncooked extreme vegan diet on fecal microflora was studied by direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of bacterial cellular fatty acids and by quantitative bacterial culture by using classical microbiological techniques of isolation, identification, and enumeration of different bacterial species. Eighteen volunteers were divided randomly into two groups. The test group received an uncooked vegan diet for 1 month and a conventional diet of mixed Western type for the other month of the study. The control group consumed a conventional diet throughout the study period. Stool samples were collected. Bacterial cellular fatty acids were extracted directly from the stool samples and measured by GLC. Computerized analysis of the resulting fatty acid profiles was performed. Such a profile represents all bacterial cellular fatty acids in a sample and thus reflects its microflora and can be used to detect changes, differences, or similarities of bacterial flora between individual samples or sample groups. GLC profiles changed significantly in the test group after the induction and discontinuation of the vegan diet but not in the control group at any time, whereas quantitative bacterial culture did not detect any significant change in fecal bacteriology in either of the groups. The results suggest that an uncooked extreme vegan diet alters the fecal bacterial flora significantly when it is measured by direct stool sample GLC of bacterial fatty acids.
The Drosophila E74 promoter contains essential sequences downstream from the start site of transcription. (1989)

The Drosophila E74 gene is one of a small set of genes induced directly by the steroid hormone ecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis. Both in vitro and in vivo transcription assays have been used to delineate the promoter for the 6-kb E74 mRNA. Sequences upstream from position -83 had little effect on the amount of RNA synthesized in vitro, using extracts prepared from Drosophila Kc tissue culture cells. Deletion of a 5'-flanking TATA consensus sequence had no effect on the accuracy of transcriptional initiation and resulted in an increase in RNA synthesis, suggesting removal of a repressor binding site. Surprisingly, removal of the first two nucleotides of the transcribed region still allowed relatively high levels of transcription from the correct start site position. Removal of five additional nucleotides inactivated the promoter. In vitro transcription of a series of 3' deletions defined the 3' in vitro promoter boundary at position +43. Additional 5'-flanking sequences, between -181 and -83, were found to be necessary for efficient transcription in transfected Kc tissue culture cells. Two transcription factors that interact with the E74 promoter, zeste and GAGA, were studied in DNA-binding assays. zeste binds to two sites within the E74 promoter. These sites overlap with three of the six GAGA-binding sites. The zeste- and GAGA-binding sites lie within domains identified by deletion mapping as cis-acting transcriptional control elements.
In vitro study of fracture strength and marginal adaptation of fibre-reinforced-composite versus all ceramic fixed partial dentures. (1998)

In this in vitro study fracture strength and marginal adaptation of adhesive-fixed three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures made with two different fabrication modifications--with and without the retainer material "Single"--of the new fibreglass system Vectris/Targis and from the metal-free Al2O3-ceramic In-Ceram were examined. The quality of the marginal adaptation was characterised using SEM evaluation and dye penetration techniques. In-Ceram and Vectris/Targis with "Single" showed good marginal adaptation, both statistically significantly better than the modification without "Single". After thermal cycling and mechanical loading the fibreglass reinforced systems showed a significantly higher fracture strength than the In-Ceram.
Optimistic Synchronization and Transactional Consistency (2003)

Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) is an interesting alternative to build distributed object system. Explicit message passing and remote invocation is replaced by the simple and unified DSM abstraction. The recurrent performance drawbacks of DSM Systems are often caused by expensive distributed locking mechanisms. In response to this our multipurpose Plurix Operating System (OS) implements a Transaction based DSM. Memory consistency is maintained by atomic transactions and optimistic synchronization mechanisms which have been used in database technology in the past. Such a transaction based DSM with optimistic synchronization guarantee a sequential consistent view on the shared data to every mode in the cluster.
Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis (2006)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative image analysis technology has recently started to generate a great wealth of quantitative information on articular cartilage and bone physiology, pathophysiology and degenerative changes in osteoarthritis. This paper reviews semiquantitative scoring of changes of articular tissues (e.g. WORMS = whole-organ MRI scoring or KOSS = knee osteoarthritis scoring system), quantification of cartilage morphology (e.g. volume and thickness), quantitative measurements of cartilage composition (e.g. T2, T1rho, T1Gd = dGEMRIC index) and quantitative measurement of bone structure (e.g. app. BV/TV, app. TbTh, app. Tb.N, app. Tb.Sp) in osteoarthritis. For each of these fields we describe the hardware and MRI sequences available, the image analysis systems and techniques used to derive semiquantitative and quantitative parameters, the technical accuracy and precision of the measurements reported to date and current results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in osteoarthritis. Moreover, the paper summarizes studies that have compared MRI-based measurements with radiography and discusses future perspectives of quantitative MRI in osteoarthritis. In summary, the above methodologies show great promise for elucidating the pathophysiology of various tissues and identifying risk factors of osteoarthritis, for developing structure modifying drugs (DMOADs) and for combating osteoarthritis with new and better therapy.
Noise Resistance Applied to Corrosion Measurements: I. Theoretical Analysis (1997)

International audience
Effect of BN coatings on oxidation resistance and field emission of SiC nanowires (2003)

We compare the effects of BN coatings on antioxidation ability and field emission properties of SiC nanowires. Under oxidizing condition, SiC nanowires without BN coatings are cracked into nanoparticles or almost fully converted into SiO2 nanowires at the temperature above 800 K, depending on the crystallization degree of SiC nanowires. The BN coatings effectively improve the antioxidation ability of SiC nanowires due to the excellent chemical stability of BN at high temperature. At a temperature higher than 1273 K, the coated SiC nanowires still exhibit strong oxidation resistance. For the effect on electron emission, the BN coatings also reduce the turn-on field of SiC nanowires from larger than 10 V/μm to lower than 6 V/μm. The explanation for the improvement of field emission characteristics has been presented.
Enhanced In Vitro Zinc Bioavailability through Rational Design of a Dual Zinc plus Arginine Dentifrice. (2018)

The combination of zinc citrate, zinc oxide, and the amino acid L-arginine in a dentifrice formula enhances the bioavailability of zinc to model oral tissue surfaces, resulting in unique physicochemical effects. The significant antimicrobial control associated with the Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice provides a unique vehicle toward achieving whole mouth health.
Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized LiFePO<sub>4</sub>cathode materials prepared by a citric acid-based sol–gel route (2004)

LiFePO4/carbon composite cathode materials were synthesized by a sol–gel process. The citric acid in the developed sol–gel process plays the role not only as a complexing agent but also as a carbon source, which improves the conductivity of the composites and hinders the growth of LiFePO4 particles. Nano-sized LiFePO4 particles without the impurity phase were successfully synthesized. The grain size of LiFePO4 particles in the range of 20–30 nm is obtained at calcined temperatures from 450 to 850 °C. Increasing the calcination temperature leads to a decrease in the carbon content but an increase in the conductivity of the composites in the range of 400–850 °C. However, the conductivity slightly decreases if the calcination temperature further increases to 950 °C. The LiFePO4/carbon composite synthesized at 850 °C shows the highest conductivity (10−3 S cm−1), the highest specific capacity, and the best rate capability among the synthesized materials. It is worthy to note that the cell performance of the LiFePO4 depends on the electrochemical cycling procedure employed.
Polymorphisms in the Inflammatory Genes CIITA, CLEC16A and IFNG Influence BMD, Bone Loss and Fracture in Elderly Women (2012)

Osteoclast activity and the fine balance between bone formation and resorption is affected by inflammatory factors such as cytokines and T lymphocyte activity, mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in turn regulated by the MHC class II transactivator (MHC2TA). We investigated the effect of functional polymorphisms in the MHC2TA gene (CIITA), and two additional genes; C-type lectin domain 16A (CLEC16A), in linkage disequilibrium with CIITA and Interferon-γ (IFNG), an inducer of CIITA; on bone density, bone resorption markers, bone loss and fracture risk in 75 year-old women followed for up to 10 years (OPRA n = 1003) and in young adult women (PEAK-25 n = 999). CIITA was associated with BMD at age 75 (lumbar spine p = 0.011; femoral neck (FN) p = 0.049) and age 80 (total body p = 0.015; total hip p = 0.042; FN p = 0.028). Carriers of the CIITA rs3087456(G) allele had 1.8-3.4% higher BMD and displayed increased rate of bone loss between age 75 and 80 (FN p = 0.013; total hip p = 0.030; total body p = 3.8E(-5)). Despite increasing bone loss, the rs3087456(G) allele was protective against incident fracture overall (p = 0.002), osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. Carriers of CLEC16A and IFNG variant alleles had lower BMD (p<0.05) and ultrasound parameters and a lower risk of incident fracture (CLEC16A, p = 0.011). In 25-year old women, none of the genes were associated with BMD. In conclusion, variation in inflammatory genes CIITA, CLEC-16A and INFG appear to contribute to bone phenotypes in elderly women and suggest a role for low-grade inflammation and MHC class II expression for osteoporosis pathogenesis.
Ru‐Catalyzed Alkene—Alkyne Coupling. Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide P. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CHANGES IN MAJOR ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS DURING AGING OF TRADITIONAL BALSAMIC VINEGAR (2010)

ABSTRACT Traditional balsamic vinegar (TBV) shows antioxidant capacity that increases passing from cask 5, containing the youngest vinegar, to cask 1 containing the oldest vinegar. This increase in antioxidant capacity is a consequence of both the concentration of compounds already present and of new antioxidants formation and is positively related to the increase in the polyphenolic content and in the Maillard reaction/caramellization products. During TBV aging, some reactions involving flavonoids and tannins take place. Tannins can undergo acid-catalyzed cleavage of their interflavonoid bonds with subsequent condensation of other flavonoid molecules. In addition, the low pH, the decrease of the water content and the presence of aldehydes, may promote flavonoids polycondensation. These reactions explain the observed increase in polymeric phenolic compounds and the decrease in monomeric flavonoids. During TBV aging an increase in the browning index is observed as a consequence of the polycondensation reactions of flavonoids and of brown melanoidins accumulation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Traditional balsamic vinegar is a potentially healthy seasoning with high antioxidant capacity that increases during the aging resulting in a product with a strong antioxidant capacity and rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, monomeric catechins, flavonols and tannins. It also contains other antioxidants such as melanoidins derived from the Maillard and caramelization reaction that occur during must boiling and traditional balsamic vinegar aging. Independently of their bioavailability, traditional balsamic vinegar can contribute to supply antioxidant molecules that play an important role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract itself against peroxidation, thereby limiting the formation of detrimental lipid degradation products.