gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A First-Order Tree-Structured DAC With Reduced Signal-Band Noise (2007)

A mismatch-shaping tree-structured digital-to-analog converter (DAC) utilizes several layers of switching blocks to spectrally shape the DAC circuit errors. A first-order mismatch-shaping DAC using un-dithered switching sequences for the switching blocks results in spurious tones in the DAC noise. The unwanted tones can be eliminated from the DAC noise by employing white dither sequences to randomly select two types of short root symbols to be placed in the switching sequences. Dithered switching sequences, unfortunately, result in a higher noise floor in the DAC noise, in comparison with un-dithered switching sequences. In this brief, we propose an improved first-order sequencing logic to eliminate unwanted tones while causing only a modest increase in the in-band noise floor at a very modest hardware cost. Our mismatch-shaping sequencing logic is based on the scheme using a white dither sequence to randomly select each symbol between two specific types of long root symbols. Alternatively, our scheme can be viewed as using a high-pass dither sequence to randomly select the short root symbols. An analytical formula for the power-spectral density of the proposed switching sequence is presented to show its improvement over the prior first-order switching sequence. It is also shown from numerical simulations that the proposed switching sequence improves the signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio by more than 5 dB for a sigma-delta modulator with static DAC-element errors chosen from a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 1%
<i>TSC1</i> and <i>TSC2</i> tumor suppressors antagonize insulin signaling in cell growth (2001)

Tuberous sclerosis is a human disease caused by mutations in the TSC1 or the TSC2 tumor suppressor gene. Previous studies of a Drosophila TSC2 homolog suggested a role for the TSC genes in maintaining DNA content, with loss of TSC2 leading to polyploidy and increased cell size. We have isolated mutations in the Drosophila homolog of the TSC1 gene. We show that TSC1 and TSC2 form a complex and function in a common pathway to control cellular growth. Unlike previous studies, our work shows that TSC1(-) or TSC2(-) cells are diploid. We find that, strikingly, the heterozygosity of TSC1 or TSC2 is sufficient to rescue the lethality of loss-of-function insulin receptor mutants. Further genetic analyses suggest that the TSC genes act in a parallel pathway that converges on the insulin pathway downstream from Akt. Taken together, our studies identified the TSC tumor suppressors as novel negative regulators of insulin signaling.
Switchable Diffractive Lens for Vision Correction (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Guoqiang Li, David Mathine, Pouria Valley, Pekka Äyräs, Joshua Haddock, M. Giridhar, Jim Schwiegerling, Gerald Meredith, Bernard Kippelen, Seppo Honkanen, and Nasser Peyghambarian, "Switchable Diffractive Lens for Vision Correction," Optics & Photonics News 17(12), 28-28 (2006) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Valley current density activation energy and effective longitudinal optical phonon energy in triple well asymmetric resonant tunneling diode (1990)

In this letter we report the Arrhenius-type dependence of the valley current density on inverse temperature in a triple-well asymmetric resonant tunneling diode. The activation energy is found to be equal to the effective phonon energy representing the AlAs and GaAs-like mode of AlAs in the AlxGa1−xAs barrier layers of a triple well asymmetric resonant tunneling (RT) diode operating at temperatures as high as 350 K. The data presented here correlate the longitudinal optical phonons to the excess valley current found in AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs RT devices between 200 and 350 K and raise the possibility of phonon spectroscopy of high quality barrier layers via resonant tunneling transport experiments.
Addition of perchloric acid to blood samples for colorimetric limulus test using chromogenic substrate: comparison with conventional procedures and clinical applications. (1984)

Preexposure of blood samples to perchloric acid permitted an accurate, quantitative measurement of endotoxin levels as low as 1 pg/ml using a colorimetric limulus test. Conventional chloroform and dilution-heating methods were unsatisfactory because of high residual nonspecific amidolytic activity and poor recovery. The normal peripheral plasma endotoxin level was less than 10 pg/ml when Escherichia coli 0111:B4 endotoxin was used as a reference. One nanogram in this assay was equivalent to 2.9 endotoxin units of USP reference standard endotoxin (E. coli 0113). High values were noted in portal venous blood and in cases of acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, strangulation ileus, pyothorax, lung abscess, diffuse panbronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Normal human plasma and serum exhibited a high capacity to inactivate added endotoxin. E. coli 0111:B4 and Salmonella minnesota 9700 were more susceptible to inactivation than Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin. This inactivating activity was temperature dependent, was maximal between 37 degrees and 45 degrees C, and disappeared completely after heating plasma or serum to 56 degrees C for 30 minutes prior to the addition of endotoxin. The E. coli 0111:B4 endotoxin-inactivating activity of normal platelet-rich plasma, platelet-poor plasma, and serum, all at 37 degrees C, was 8.1 +/- 3.1, 11.7 +/- 4.5, and 15.2 +/- 4.9 micrograms/min/ml (mean +/- SD; n = 4), respectively. Endotoxin-inactivating activity was markedly decreased in plasma from patients with endotoxemia, but returned to normal with recovery from the underlying illness.
Speech enhancement based on a priori signal to noise estimation (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of single microphone frequency domain speech enhancement in noisy environments. The main characteristics of available frequency domain noise reduction algorithms are presented. We have confirmed that the a priori SNR estimation leads to the best subjective results. According to these conclusions, a new approach is then developed which achieves a trade-off between effective noise reduction and low computational load for real-time operations. The obtained solutions demonstrate that the subjective and objective results are much better than existing methods.
Lef1 Contributes to the Differentiation of Bulge Stem Cells by Nuclear Translocation and Cross-Talk with the Notch Signaling Pathway (2013)

Lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 (Lef1) is an essential regulatory protein in the Wnt signal pathway, which controls cell growth and differentiation. Investigators in the field of skin biology have confirmed that multipotent bulge stem cells (BSCs) are responsible for hair follicle development and regeneration. However, the role of Lef1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pattern of Lef1 expression at different stages of the hair growth cycle. Lef1 was strongly expressed during anagen but attenuated in both catagen- and telogen-phase hair follicles in vivo. When stem cells were induced to differentiate toward a hair fate in a co-culture system, Lef1 was notably up-regulated and accumulated in the nucleus, appearing to activate the target protein c-myc and jagged1. Simultaneously, the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were co-activated, as confirmed by the increased expression of β-catenin and notch1. Plasmids expressing Lef1 and ΔNLef1, a construct in which the β-catenin-binding domain of Lef1 was deleted, were used to evaluate the effects of Lef1 on stem cell differentiation. Lef1 overexpression promoted bulge stem cell differentiation toward a hair fate, which was accompanied by the subsequent migration of β-catenin into the nucleus, whereas no changes were observed in the control group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Lef1 plays an important role in bulge stem cell differentiation, promoting β-catenin translocation into the nucleus, activating downstream signaling molecules, eventually causing hair follicle bulge stem cells to adopt the hair fate.
Energy-conserving data placement and asynchronous multicast in wireless sensor networks (2003)

In recent years, large distributed sensor networks have emerged as a new fast-growing application domain for wireless computing. In this paper, we present a distributed application-layer service for data placement and asynchronous multicast whose purpose is power conservation. Since the dominant traffic in a sensor network is that of data retrieval, (i) caching mutable data at locations that minimize the sum of request and update traffic, and (ii) asynchronously multicasting updates from sensors to observers can significantly reduce the total number of packet transmissions in the network. Our simulation results show that our service subsequently reduces network energy consumption while maintaining the desired data consistency semantics.
Connected Vehicle Diagnostics and Prognostics, Concept, and Initial Practice (2009)

We propose a new concept of Connected Vehicle Diagnostics and Prognostics (CVDP) to address some of the challenges in vehicle system fault diagnostics and prognosis, such as the diagnostics of unexpected new faults, and infrequent or intermittent faults. As an initial practice, this concept has been implemented in the vehicle design validation process at GM. This paper presents the implementation details, and some case studies.
Multiple node upset mitigation in TPDICE-based pipeline memory structures (2008)

Traditional single disruption tolerant radiation hardened SRAM designs are vulnerable to failure when exposed to particle strikes that induce multiple node disruptions. Such events become likely when devices with small feature sizes are operated in highly radioactive environments. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of hardened by design techniques created with the intent to mitigate multiple node disruptions in 90 nm CMOS. From the results, it has been concluded that acceptable tolerance to multiple node disruptions in 90 nm can be achieved through a unique combination of hardened memory and layout design techniques with moderate and calculable levels of layout interleaving.
Structure-Based Design of GNE-495, a Potent and Selective MAP4K4 Inhibitor with Efficacy in Retinal Angiogenesis (2015)

Diverse biological roles for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) have necessitated the identification of potent inhibitors in order to study its function in various disease contexts. In particular, compounds that can be used to carry out such studies in vivo would be critical for elucidating the potential for therapeutic intervention. A structure-based design effort coupled with property-guided optimization directed at minimizing the ability of the inhibitors to cross into the CNS led to an advanced compound 13 (GNE-495) that showed excellent potency and good PK and was used to demonstrate in vivo efficacy in a retinal angiogenesis model recapitulating effects that were observed in the inducible Map4k4 knockout mice.
ac losses in a YBa2Cu3O7−x coil (2006)

The properties of a small pancake coil made with a 10mm wide copper-stabilized YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) coated conductor were investigated. The radial component of the magnetic field was mapped at the coil edge in both the dc and ac regimes and differs significantly from that calculated assuming a uniform current distribution. The observed hysteresis indicates the strong influence of the ferromagnetic properties of the substrate. The ac losses of the coil were measured for ac frequencies between 60 and 1000Hz. The differences in properties of the YBCO coil and a similarly prepared copper coil are discussed.
Michael Jackson’s Gesamtkunstwerk: Artistic Interrelation, Immersion, and Interactivity From the Studio to the Stadium (2015)

Michael Jackson produced art in its most total sense.Throughout his forty-year career Jackson merged art forms, melded genres and styles, and promoted an ethos of unity in his work.Jackson's mastery of combined song and dance is generally acknowledged as the hallmark of his performance.Scholars have noted Jackson's place in the lengthy soul tradition of enmeshed movement and music (Mercer 39; Neal 2012) with musicologist Jacqueline Warwick describing Jackson as "embodied musicality" (Warwick 249).Jackson's colleagues have also attested that even when off-stage and off-camera, singing and dancing were frequently inseparable for Jackson.
On-axis holograms for teaching principles of holography (1978)

Instructions are given for making a simple on-axis hologram in which a line on the object is displayed as a Fresnel grating on the hologram. The location of the reconstructed image may be calculated from measurements made on the grating and compared with the experimental value.
Interpolation Method for Adapting Reduced-Order Models and Application to Aeroelasticity (2008)

Reduced-order models are usually thought of as computationally inexpensive mathematical representations that offer the potential for near real-time analysis. Although most reduced-order models can operate in near real-time, their construction can be computationally expensive, as it requires accumulating a large number of system responses to input excitations. Furthermore, reduced-order models usually lack robustness with respect to parameter changes and therefore must often be rebuilt for each parameter variation. Together, these two issues underline the need for a fast and robust method for adapting precomputed reduced-order models to new sets of physical or modeling parameters. To this effect, this paper presents an interpolation method based on the Grassmann manifold and its tangent space at a point that is applicable to structural, aerodynamic, aeroelastic, and many other reduced-order models based on projection schemes. This method is illustrated here with the adaptation of computational-fluid-dynamics-based aeroelastic reduced-order models of complete fighter configurations to new values of the freestream Mach number. Good correlations with results obtained from direct reduced-order model reconstruction, high-fidelity nonlinear and linear simulations are reported, thereby highlighting the potential of the proposed reduced-order model adaptation method for near real-time aeroelastic predictions using precomputed reduced-order model databases.
Carboxymethyl cellulose with xanthan gum like rheology (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxymethyl cellulose with xanthan gum like rheologyD. J. Sikkema and H. JanssenCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 364–366Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00191a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Signaling in Response toAspergillus fumigatus (2002)

Aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening infections in patients with qualitative and quantitative defects in phagocytic function. Here, we examined the contribution of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR4, the adapter protein MyD88, and CD14 to signaling in response to the three forms of A. fumigatus encountered during human disease: resting conidia (RC), swollen conidia (SC), and hyphae (H). Compared with elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from wild-type and heterozygous mice, TLR2(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) macrophages produced significantly less tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) following A. fumigatus stimulation. In contrast, following stimulation with RC, SC, and H, TLR4(-/-) and CD14(-/-) macrophages exhibited no defects in tumor necrosis factor-alpha release. TLR2(-/-), TLR4(-/-), MyD88(-/-), and CD14(-/-) macrophages bound similar numbers of RC and SC compared with wild-type macrophages. RC, SC, and H stimulated greater activation of a nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB)-dependent reporter gene and greater release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from the human monocytic THP-1 cell line stably transfected with CD14 compared with control cells stably transfected with empty vector. A. fumigatus stimulated NFkappaB-dependent reporter gene activity in the human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK293, only if the cells were transfected with TLR2. Moreover, activity increased when TLR2 and CD14 were co-transfected. Taken together, these data suggest that optimal signaling responses to A. fumigatus require TLR2 in both mouse and human cells. In contrast, a role for CD14 was found only in the human cells. MyD88 acts as a central adapter protein mediating signaling responses following stimulation with RC, SC, and H.
Microscopic image analysis for quantitative measurement and feature identification of normal and cancerous colonic mucosa (1998)

The development of an automated algorithm for the categorization of normal and cancerous colon mucosa is reported. Six features based on texture analysis were studied. They were derived using the co-occurrence matrix and were angular second moment, entropy, contrast, inverse difference moment, dissimilarity, and correlation. Optical density was also studied. Forty-four normal images and 58 cancerous images from sections of the colon were analyzed. These two groups were split equally into two subgroups: one set was used for supervised training and the other to test the classification algorithm. A stepwise selection procedure showed that correlation and entropy were the features that discriminated most strongly between normal and cancerous tissue (P < 0.0001). A parametric linear-discriminate function was used to determine the classification rule. For the training set, a sensitivity and specificity of 93.1% and 81.8%, respectively, were achieved, with an overall accuracy of 88.2%. These results were confirmed with the test set, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.1% and 86.4%, respectively, and an overall accuracy of 90.2%.
Voice communications over zigbee networks (2008)

This article provides an overview of ZigBee-enabled wireless networks and discusses the feasibility of supporting voice communications over ZigBee networks. We begin by providing an overview of the ZigBee technology followed by an evaluation of voice quality and performance over such an impoverished wireless channel. Two types of voice communications, namely full-duplex voice over IP (VoIP) and half-duplex push-to-talk (PTT) are considered. Voice quality of VoIP is measured using the R-factor [1] (a well known objective speech quality metric). The quality of PTT, however, is evaluated based on packet-loss rate, delay, and jitter. The simulation results demonstrate that a low-power, low-rate wireless sensor network can support a limited range of voice services.
Clonal Selection for Transcriptionally Active Viral Oncogenes during Progression to Cancer (2004)

Primary keratinocytes immortalized by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), along with HPV-induced cervical carcinoma cell lines, are excellent models for investigating neoplastic progression to cancer. By simultaneously visualizing viral DNA and nascent viral transcripts in interphase nuclei, we demonstrated for the first time a selection for a single dominant papillomavirus transcription center or domain (PVTD) independent of integrated viral DNA copy numbers or loci. The PVTD did not associate with several known subnuclear addresses but was almost always perinucleolar. Silent copies of the viral genome were activated by growth in the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine. HPV-immortalized keratinocytes supertransduced with HPV oncogenes and selected for marker gene coexpression underwent crisis, and the surviving cells transcribed only the newly introduced genes. Thus, transcriptional selection in response to environmental changes is a dynamic process to achieve optimal gene expression for cell survival. This phenomenon may be critical in clonal selection during carcinogenesis. Examination of HPV-associated cancers supports this hypothesis.
Texture classification and discrimination for region-based image retrieval (2014)

In RBIR, texture features are crucial in determining the class a region belongs to since they can overcome the limitations of color and shape features. Two robust approaches to model texture features are Gabor and curvelet features. Although both features are close to human visual perception, sufficient information needs to be extracted from their sub-bands for effective texture classification. Moreover, shape irregularity can be a problem since Gabor and curvelet transforms can only be applied on the regular shapes. In this paper, we propose an approach that uses both the Gabor wavelet and the curvelet transforms on the transferred regular shapes of the image regions. We also apply a fitting method to encode the sub-bands’ information in the polynomial coefficients to create a texture feature vector with the maximum power of discrimination. Experiments on texture classification task with ImageCLEF and Outex databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The grafting of acrylamide onto poly(?-caprolactone) and poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) using electron beam preirradiation. III. The grafting andin vitro degradation of chemically crosslinked poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) (1999)

Acrylamide was graft polymerized onto the surface of a chemically crosslinked and amorphous biodegradable polyester, poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one). Electron beam irradiation at a dose of 5 Mrad was used to generate the initiating species in the polyester. The degradation behavior in vitro at pH 7.4 and 37°C in a phosphate buffer solution was studied for untreated, irradiated, and acrylamide-grafted polymer. Differences in weight loss performance were observed between virgin and treated polymers. The acrylamide-grafted poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) was totally degraded after 43 weeks as compared to 48 weeks for the irradiated and 55 weeks for the virgin polymer. On the other hand, the treated polymers showed a higher resistance to degradation in terms of weight loss during the intermediate part of the degradation, i.e., between about 5 and 35 weeks. After this period, the irradiated and particularly the acrylamide grafted poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) degraded much more rapidly than the virgin polymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1659–1663, 1999
Ropinirole in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: results from the TREAT RLS 1 study, a 12 week, randomised, placebo controlled study in 10 European countries. (2004)

Ropinirole improves restless legs syndrome compared with placebo, with benefits apparent by week 1. It is generally well tolerated.