gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune response in mice infected with the attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine strain SA14-14-2. (1995)

We characterized protective immune response in mice infected with the attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain SA(A) derived from the live JE vaccine strain SA14-14-2. In the sera of mice infected with SA(A), antibodies to JEV envelope (E) and non-structural NS1 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis and neutralization, haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI), and complement fixation (CF) antibodies were detected by serological tests. Production of antibody to NS1 protein strongly indicated peripheral growth of SA(A) in mice and its growth induced the immune response. A single immunization with SA(A) significantly protected mice against lethal intracerebral (ic) challenge with the virulent SA(V) strain.
Ovarian Structures during the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy in Ewes1 (1993)

The development of ovarian follicular and luteal structures during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in ewes was examined. Ewes were treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha to induce estrus; they were placed with either two fertile or two vasectomized rams and observed for estrus twice daily. Beginning at estrus (Day 0), ovaries were scanned for CL and for follicles > or = 2 mm by transrectal ultrasonography daily for the first 25 days of pregnancy (PREG, n = 17 ewes) or until Day 8 of the second estrous cycle (CYC, n = 15 ewes). Jugular blood samples were collected at ultrasonography and on Days 30, 35, and 40 of gestation for RIA of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta. Total follicles (17.6 +/- 1.3), number of follicles > or = 4 mm in diameter (11.3 +/- 0.6), and number of follicles that became the largest during the first 16 days of pregnancy or the first estrous cycle (4.9 +/- 0.3) did not differ between PREG and CYC ewes. Number of newly detected follicles each day and difference in mean diameter between the largest two follicles and all other follicles were similar between PREG and CYC ewes until luteal regression. At that time, difference in diameter between the largest two follicles and all other follicles increased in CYC ewes in parallel with estradiol-17 beta in serum. Mean concentrations of progesterone in serum were higher in PREG than in CYC ewes (2.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.1 ng/ml; p < 0.05) before onset of luteal regression, but mean areas of CL did not differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The deposition of chromium from solutions of chromic and chromous salts (1933)

The confusing and apparently contradictory literature on the electrodeposition of chromium from trivalent and bivalent salts was critically examined and perti- nent experiments were performed.
Serum lymphocytotoxins in inflammatory bowel disease. Studies of frequency and specificity for lymphocyte subpopulations. (1975)

Serum cold-reactive lymphocytotoxin (LCT) was detected in twenty-two of fifty-six (40%) patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The frequency of LCT detection was similar in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Cytotoxicity testing against T or B cell-enriched peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors, together with absorption experiments, indicated that LCT in IBD was reactive against determinants on both cell subpopulations. Reactivity against T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency was significantly less than with normal donor T cells. LCT in IBD could not be related to prior allogeneic sensitization and its presence appeared to be unrelated to disease activity or drug therapy. No correlation was found between LCT and peripheral blood T- or B-cell numbers. The present findings suggest the need for further investigation of the role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Rapid assessment of extremal statistics for gapped local alignment. (1999)

The statistical significance of gapped local alignments is characterized by analyzing the extremal statistics of the scores obtained from the alignment of random amino acid sequences. By identifying a complete set of linked clusters, "islands," we devise a method which accurately predicts the extremal score statistics by using only one to a few pairwise alignments. The success of our method relies crucially on the link between the statistics of island scores and extremal score statistics. This link is motivated by heuristic arguments, and firmly established by extensive numerical simulations for a variety of scoring parameter settings and sequence lengths. Our approach is several orders of magnitude faster than the widely used shuffling method, since island counting is trivially incorporated into the basic Smith-Waterman alignment algorithm with minimal computational cost, and all islands are counted in a single alignment. The availability of a rapid and accurate significance estimation method gives one the flexibility to fine tune scoring parameters to detect weakly homologous sequences and obtain optimal alignment fidelity.
[Loss of life expectancy analysis for cancer risk in Tianjin area]. (2005)

Loss of Life Expectancy was proposed as the single metric for health risk assessment. Based on the statistical data of population in Tianjin, it was calculated that the unit cancer risk (10(-5)) equivalents to 58.47 and 66.82 minutes of life expectancy loss for male and female, respectively. The results depend strongly on the background rate of cancer, with little response for associated parameters.
Fabrication of Atomic-Scale Structures on Si(111)-7×7 Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) (1992)

A single Si atom or a group of a few Si atoms can be extracted from a predetermined position of the Si(111)-7×7 surface through field evaporation with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A method of tip preparation which makes Si atom extraction reliable is presented. The results of many individual Si atom extraction experiments are discussed on the basis of the statistics of extraction with the Si(111)-7×7 unit cell.
An Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate Formulation Speeds Healing of Partial-Thickness Wounds (2001)

BACKGROUND Occlusive dressings have been known to accelerate the rate of healing. Every year new dressings are being introduced in the marketplace. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new octyl-2-cyanoacrylate liquid dressing as compared to two over-the-counter bandages on partial-thickness wounds. Performance parameters were epithelialization, erythema, scab formation, material adherence, hemostasis, and infection. METHOD Eight pigs with a total of 645 partial-thickness wounds were assigned to one of the following treatments: liquid dressing, standard bandage, hydrocolloid bandage, or untreated air exposed. RESULT The liquid bandage enhanced the rate of epithelialization and was the only treatment to provide complete hemostasis, reduced scab formation, and did not induce an irritant response (erythema) or infection. CONCLUSION The liquid bandage is an easy to use material that stops bleeding (instantaneous hemostasis) while enhancing healing of partial-thickness wounds.
Heparin with two binding sites for antithrombin or platelet factor 4. (1982)

A new, highly discriminating affinity chromatographic technique has been developed which employs antithrombin and concanavalin A-Sepharose to fractionate heparin species of all molecular sizes. This methodology is able to subdivide the active mucopolysaccharide pools of molecular weight 6,000 to 8,000 (LMW) or 18,000 to 22,000 (HMW) into various species with descending affinities for antithrombin as well as decreasing anticoagulant potencies. The upper 10% of these two pools, either LMW or HMW highly active heparin, appears to be relatively homogeneous with respect to interactions with antithrombin and possessed anticoagulant potencies of 350 units/mg and 731 units/mg, respectively. The HMW highly active heparin has been examined by analytic ultracentrifugation. It exhibited a charge-connected weight-average molecular weight of 22,000 +/- 2,000 with minimal size heterogeneity. The stoichiometries of interaction of antithrombin and platelet factor 4 with HMW highly active heparin as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that 2 molecules of either protein are able to bind to 1 molecule of the mucopolysaccharide. These studies also reveal that the binding of antithrombin to HMW highly active heparin is characterized by KDISSHAT = 5.0 X 10(-8) M and KDISSHAT2 = 1.0 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The avidity of platelet factor 4 for HMW highly active heparin could not be quantitated but appears to be at least 10 to 100 times greater than that of antithrombin for mucopolysaccharide.
Quantitative assessment of cyber security risk using bayesian network-based model (2009)

This paper proposes a quantitative model for assessing cyber security risk in information security. The model can be used to evaluate the security readiness of firms in the marketplace through qualitative and quantitative tools. We propose a Bayesian network methodology that can be used to generate a cyber security risk score that takes as input a firm's security profile and data breach statistics. The quantitative model enables cyber risk to be captured in a precise and comparable fashion. The objective of the scoring model is to create a common reference in the marketplace that could enhance incentives for firms to invest and improve their security systems. This paper concludes with a demonstration of scoring an intrusion detection network.
Significance of serum tumor markers in patients with carcinoma of the ovary. (1984)

A comparison of preoperative serum tumor markers (lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase, erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and beta 2-microglobulin) was made in 76 patients with ovarian or uterine cancer. Sixty-six patients with benign ovarian tumor served as control subjects. From analysis of each tumor marker the greatest positive results were obtained with the markers beta 2-microglobulin (57.1%), lactate dehydrogenase (53.1%), and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (46.2%) for patients with carcinoma of the ovary. The use of these marker combinations in all ovarian cancer patients resulted in a marked increase of the positive rate from 57.1 to 85.2%. In stage I cases, the positive rate increased from 40.6 to 63.6%.
Transcription factor-dependent nuclear localization of a transcriptional repressor in jasmonate hormone signaling (2012)

The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) plays an important role in regulating growth, development and immunity. A key step in JA signaling is ligand-dependent assembly of a coreceptor complex consisting of the F-box protein COI1 and JAZ transcriptional repressors. Assembly of this receptor complex results in proteasome-mediated degradation of JAZ repressors, which at resting state bind to and repress the MYC transcription factors. Although the JA receptor complex is believed to function within the nucleus, how this receptor complex enters the nucleus and, more generally, the cell biology of jasmonate signaling are not well understood. In this study, we conducted mutational analysis of the C termini (containing the conserved Jas motif) of two JAZ repressors, JAZ1 and JAZ9. These analyses unexpectedly revealed different subcellular localization patterns of JAZ1ΔJas and JAZ9ΔJas, which were associated with differential interaction of JAZ1ΔJas and JAZ9ΔJas with MYC2 and differential repressor activity in vivo. Importantly, physical interaction with MYC2 appears to play an active role in the nuclear targeting of JAZ1 and JAZ9, and the nuclear localization of JAZ9 was compromised in myc2 mutant plants. We identified a highly conserved arginine residue in the Jas motif that is critical for coupling MYC2 interaction with nuclear localization of JAZ9 and JAZ9 repressor function in vivo. Our results suggest a model for explaining why some JAZΔJas proteins, but not others, confer constitutive JA-insensitivity when overexpressed in plants. Results also provide evidence for a transcription factor-dependent mechanism for nuclear import of a cognate transcriptional repressor JAZ9 in plants.
Layout-driven RTL binding techniques for high-level synthesis (1996)

The importance of effective and efficient accounting of layout effects is well-established in high-level synthesis (HLS), since it allows more realistic exploration of the design space and the generation of solutions with predictable metrics. This feature is highly desirable in order to avoid unnecessary iterations through the design process. In this paper, we address the problem of layout-driven register-transfer-level (RTL) binding as this step has a direct relevance on the final performance of the design. By producing not only an RTL design but also an approximate physical topology of the chip level implementation, we ensure that the solution will perform at the predicted metric once implemented, thus avoiding unnecessary delays in the design process.
Hierarchical Volumetric Multi-view Stereo Reconstruction of Manifold Surfaces based on Dual Graph Embedding (2006)

This paper presents a new volumetric stereo algorithm to reconstruct the 3D shape of an arbitrary object. Our method is based on finding the minimum cut in an octahedral graph structure embedded into the volumetric grid, which establishes a well defined relationship between the integrated photo-consistency function of a region in space and the corresponding edge weights of the embedded graph. This new graph structure allows for a highly efficient hierarchical implementation supporting high volumetric resolutions and large numbers of input images. Furthermore we will show how the resulting cut surface can be directly converted into a consistent, closed and manifold mesh. Hence this work provides a complete multi-view stereo reconstruction pipeline. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our technique by a number of high quality reconstructions of real objects.
Viewing and reviewing how humanoids sensed, planned and behaved with Mixed Reality technology (2007)

How can we see how humanoids sensed, planned, and behaved in the actual environment? We propose a Mixed Reality environment for viewing and reviewing of internal parameters computed by the humanoids against the actual environment. In the environment, the parameters snapped on each sampling time are treated as data streams, and stored to the distributed log servers in real time. 3-D graphical representation of the parameters helps us to observe plural multi-dimensional parameters. A video see-through head mounted display is used for viewing the representation. The stored parameters can be projected on the current actual scene from arbitrary viewpoints. By the viewing and reviewing functions, the Mixed Reality environment becomes a powerful tool for the autonomous behavior developer in order to debug the actual behavior by contrast with the actual environment. This paper describes the implementation of the system with a full size humanoid, HRP-2, and shows some experimental examples.
An audio signatures indexing scheme for dynamic content multimedia databases (2005)

This paper describes a method of content indexing for dynamic multimedia databases using binary signatures of the audio signals. The analysis scheme focuses on the audio objects of the multimedia environment, extracts semi-stationary audio segments and analyzes their key features, These are: the fundamental frequency F0, the first three formants F1, F2, and F3, the associated phoneme and speaker identification information. Binary signatures are associated with the audio segments which they describe. For each audio segment these key features are encoded within the signature and information retrieval can be performed on the multimedia database querying the corresponding signatures of the streamed audio. The signature structure serves as an index of the associated audio objects assisting their retrieval.
An analysis of the congestion effects of link failures in wide area networks (2002)

The results of a study to determine the effects of link failures on network performance are presented. The network studied is a virtual-circuit-based packet-switched wide area network. A generic queuing framework is developed to study the effect of failures, and the subsequent traffic restoration, on network performance. In general, the congestion resulting after a failure is a transient phenomenon. Hence, a numerical-method-based nonstationary queuing analysis is conducted in order to quantify the effects of failures in terms of the transient behavior of queue lengths and packet loss probabilities. A bounding relationship is developed whereby a network node can determine whether or not congestion will occur as the result of traffic restoration after a failure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunolocalization of aromatase P-450 in ovarian tissue from pregnant and nonpregnant mares and in ovarian tumours (1996)

Aromatase P-450 (P-450arom) is a crucial regulatory enzyme that is necessary for conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Corpora lutea and follicles were obtained from the ovaries of cyclic mares and from mares at day 20 and days 40-70 of pregnancy. The presence of P-450arom within specific cell types was investigated by immunostaining to determine potential sites of oestrogen synthesis. Immunoreactivity for P-450arom was confined to the granulosa layer of non-atretic follicles > 5 mm in diameter and to corpora lutea at all stages of the oestrous cycle and during pregnancy. These findings confirm that aromatization of androgens occurs within the granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicle of the mare and that the corpus luteum of the mare has the capacity for oestrogen production if adequate androgen substrate is available. Granulosa cells in ovarian tissue from three mares with granulosa cell tumours showed little staining for P-450arom which suggests that these tumours have little aromatizing capacity.
Purification and characterization of HeLa endonuclease R. A G-specific mammalian endonuclease. (1990)

We previously reported a double-stranded endonuclease from HeLa cells, endonuclease R (endo R), which specifically cleaves duplex DNA at sites rich in G.C base pairs. In this report we describe the purification of endo R to near homogeneity by conventional and affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the active form of endo R is approximately 115-125 kDa. SDS-gel electrophoresis reveals a major protein species of 100 kDa. The enzyme requires Mg2+ as a cofactor and is equally active on closed circular and linear duplex DNA substrates that contain G-rich sequences. A 50% reduction in cleavage activity is observed with Ca2+ ions and no double-stranded cleavage occurs with Zn2+. Use of Mn2+ causes an altered specificity at low concentrations of enzyme or divalent metal ion and nonspecific degradation of the substrate at higher concentrations. Endo R is strongly inhibited by sodium or potassium chloride and exhibits a wide pH optimum of 6.0-9.0. The pI of the enzyme is between 6.5 and 7.0. A 2-fold stimulation is observed with the addition of dGTP or dATP but specific cleavage is inhibited by ATP at an equivalent concentration. Cleavage activity is competitively inhibited 10-fold more efficiently by single-stranded poly(dG)12 than by other DNA competitors. The ends of endo R cleavage products contain 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl groups, and a significant portion of these products were substrates for T4 DNA ligase. Endo R appears to be a previously uncharacterized mammalian endonuclease.
LEA3D: A Computer-Aided Ligand Design for Structure-Based Drug Design (2005)

We present an improved version of the program LEA developed to design organic molecules. Rational drug design involves finding solutions to large combinatorial problems for which an exhaustive search is impractical. Genetic algorithms provide a tool for the investigation of such problems. New software, called LEA3D, is now able to conceive organic molecules by combining 3D fragments. Fragments were extracted from both biological compounds and known drugs. A fitness function guides the search process in optimizing the molecules toward an optimal value of the properties. The fitness function is build up by combining several independent property evaluations, including the score provided by the FlexX docking program. One application in de novo drug design is described. The example makes use of the structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidine monophosphate kinase to generate analogues of one of its natural substrates. Among 22 tested compounds, 17 show inhibitory activity in the micromolar range.
From an awareness of scientific data to concerns of mankind: Strategies for affective instruction in science (1975)

Abstract And God said, Let us make man in our image after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
SC-17 * BMP4-SECRETING hAdMSCs ENGINEERED WITH NANOPARTICLES: A NON-VIRAL MSC-BASED THERAPY FOR GLIOBLASTOMA (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted significant attention as effective delivery vehicles for targeting brain disorders. We have shown that MSCs derived from human adipose tissue (hAMSCs) and genetically modified with viruses display high anti-glioma tropism and can deliver bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a therapeutic agent that reduces the clonogenic ability of glioma stem cells. Virus-safety concerns have led to the development of biodegradable nanoparticles that can transfect human cells. We identify nanoparticles for engineering hAMCSs to secrete BMP4 both in vitro and in vivo to treat brain cancer. hAMSCs were transfected using poly (beta-amino ester-PBAE)-based nanoparticles. Transfection efficacy and toxicity were evaluated to determine the optimal formulation to transfect hAMSCs with a BMP4-expressing plasmid. In vitro functional assays evaluated the effect of the transfection on hAMSC phenotype. In vivo imaging and histological analyses tracked engineered hAMSCs (NP-AMSCs) in the brain after local and systemic administration to rodents with orthotopic human tumors. Optimized nanoparticles transfected hAMSCs with 75 ± 2% efficacy and 71 ± 7% viability which was significantly superior (p < 0.0001) to LipofectamineTM 2000(16 ± 3% transfection, 54 ± 5% viability) the leading commercial product. PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed BMP4 production from NP-hAMSCs (52.5 ng protein/106 NP-hAMSCs). NP-hAMSCs were significantly better in migration and invasion (p = 0.005) than hAMSCs transduced with lentivirus. Flow cytometry showed that NP-hAMSCs retain multipotency. Intranasal, intravenous, and local delivery of luciferase- and GFP-expressing NP-hAMSCs in a rodent model of human glioma showed transgene expression 5 days after injection and NP-hAMSC migration towards the brain and within the tumor. We demonstrate that PBAE-nanoparticle formulations effectively transfect hAMSCs to produce BMP4. NP-AMSCs migrate towards the brain and penetrate the tumor in a model of human glioma after local and systemic administration. NP-engineered BMP4-secreting hAMSCs can be a safe and effective alternative to viral transduction for stem cell-based anti-glioma gene therapies.