gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chelating Ion Exchange Resins (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelating Ion Exchange ResinsLloyd Pennington and Max WilliamsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 6, 759–762Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50594a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50594a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views668Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterization of spin transfer torque and magnetization manipulation in magnetic nanostructures (2012)

This dissertation describes a number of research projects with the common theme of manipulating the magnetization of a nanoscale magnet through electrical means, and the major part is devoted to exploring the effect of spin angular momentum transfer from a spin-polarized current to a nanomagnet, which we call spin transfer torque. Spin transfer torque is a promising new mechanism to "write" magnetic storage elements in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices with magnesium oxide (MgO)-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) architecture. The first part of our work aims at a quantitative measurement of the spin transfer torque exerted on one of the ferromagnetic electrodes in exactly this type of tunneling structures used for MRAM applications. We use a technique called spin-transfer-driven ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR), where we apply a microwave-frequency oscillating current to resonantly excite magnetic precession, and we describe two complementary methods to detect this precession. We resolve previous controversies over the bias dependence of spin transfer torque, and present the first quantitative measurement of spin transfer torque in MgO-based MTJs in full bias range. We also analyze and test the potential to use the ST-FMR technique for microwave detection and microwave amplification. In the second part of the our work, we fabricate ferromagnetic nanoparticles made of CoFeB or Co embedded in the MgO tunnel barrier of a typical magnetic tunnel junction device, and study the spin transfer torque exerted on these nanoparticles 2-3 nm in size. We present the first evidence of spin transfer torque in magnetic nanoparticles insulated from electrodes by mapping out the switching phase diagram of a single nanoparticle. We also study ferromagnetic resonance of a small number of nanoparticles induced by spin transfer torque, with the goal of approaching single electron tunneling regime. The last part of our work explores a dramatically different way to manipulate magnetization electrically. We couple a ferromagnet to a multiferroic material, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3 ), by exchange bias interaction, and try to manipulate the ferromagnet by ferroelectric switching of the BiFeO3 .
Discovery of 2-Chloro-<i>N</i>-(4-methoxyphenyl)-<i>N</i>-methylquinazolin-4-amine (EP128265, MPI-0441138) as a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis with High In Vivo Activity (2008)

Using a live cell, high-throughput caspase-3 activator assay, we have identified a novel series of 4-anilinoquinazolines as inducers of apoptosis. In this report, we discuss the discovery of 2-chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylquinazolin-4-amine, compound 2b (EP128265, MPI-0441138) as a highly active inducer of apoptosis (EC50 for caspase activation of 2 nM) and as a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (GI50 of 2 nM) in T47D cells. Compound 2b inhibited tubulin polymerization, was effective in cells overexpressing ABC transporter Pgp-1, and was efficacious in the MX-1 human breast and PC-3 prostate cancer mouse models. In contrast to the SAR of 4-anilinoquinazolines as EGFR kinase inhibitors, the methyl group on the nitrogen linker was essential for the apoptosis-inducing activity of 4-anilinoquinazolines and substitution in the 6- and 7-positions of the quinazoline core structure decreased potency.
Selective Ge deposition on Si using thermal decomposition of GeH4 (1985)

Deposition characteristics of Ge using thermal decomposition of GeH4 are studied. The deposition rate of Ge in a surface reaction region at temperatures below 410 °C is formulated as a function of the deposition temperature and GeH4 partial pressure. Selective deposition of Ge occurs reproducibly in the lower temperature range below 410 °C. The cause of the suppression of selectivity and epitaxial growth at deposition temperatures above 450 °C is confirmed as oxide contamination on the substrate.
Dynamic Task Scheduling and Processing Element Allocation for Multi-Function SoCs (2007)

This work is motivated by the rapid increasing of the design complexity of many embedded systems. It aims at the proposing of solutions to resolve the hardware contention issues of non-preemptive processing elements shared among tasks and the cost optimization. A software solution based on the starting time management is proposed to interleave task executions on processing elements. Algorithms are proposed to determine the required processing elements of selected types, when there is no knowledge on the releasing time of any task: When task release orders are known a priori, an optimal algorithm is presented if processing elements have the same cost; otherwise, a pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm based on dynamic programming is presented for optimal solutions. The performance of the algorithms is also evaluated for general cases
Photosensitive post tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides (2007)

We present experimental results on post-tuning the dispersion of a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide made from Ge(33)As(12)Se(55) chalcogenide glass by exploiting the material photosensitivity to near-bandgap light. The change in the refractive index and volume of the material in response to exposure to 633nm light resulted in a shift of more than 5nm in the resonant coupling wavelength between a tapered optical fiber and the modes of a W1 waveguide. This represents a first proof of principle demonstration of the photosensitive post-tuning of a planar photonic crystal device.
A Field Irrigation System Based on Wireless Sensor Network (2011)

The conventional field irrigation method leads to expend massive manpower and material resources, and accuracy of data is deficient. For the above reasons, the paper presents the design and the implement of a field irrigation system based on wireless sensor network. The structure of the system consists of data center, wireless sensor network and irrigation control device. The data center is responsible for processing the environmental data transmitted by wireless sensor network, and send control command to drive the automatic watering. In the design, a new topology of the wireless sensor network merging cluster and mesh network is introduced. The topology overcomes the bottle-neck of non-uniform property of energy consumption and bad fault-tolerant ability. Based on the topology, the procedure for routing and self-configuration is summarized and a way of time synchronization is analyzed. In addition, this paper introduces the hardware design of wireless sensor network which consists of sensor node and sensor head. The proposed system has been deployed in a Sinkiang field and the stability of the network is tested by evaluating the field results.
[Pharmacological properties of trapidil: comparison with other coronary vasodilators (author's transl)]. (1980)

Effects of trapidil and other coronary vasodilators on retrograde blood flow in acute coronary-ligated dogs, isolated large and small coronary arteries of pig, platelet aggregation, biosynthesis of prostacyclin in isolated aortic rings and hyperlipemia in quails were investigated. Trapidil showed an increase in retrograde blood flow while dipyridamole, nifedipine, diltiazem and dilazep did not. Trapidil and nitroglycerin relaxed large coronary arteries, while dipyridamole, diltiazem, dilazep and adenosine relaxed small arteries. Trapidil, dipyridamole, diltiazem and aspirin protected against the secondary phase of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in guinea-pig platelet rich plasma more effectively than did nifedipine and dilazep. Trapidil and aspirin protected only against rabbit platelet aggregation as induced by arachidonic acid. Moreover, only trapidil protected against platelet aggregation as induced by prostaglandin G2-thromboxane A2 mixture. Trapidil and dipyridamole enhanced the platelet aggregation protection of prostacyclin. Trapidil also facilitated biosynthesis of prostacyclin more markedly than did the other drugs. Trapidil increased serum content of HDL cholesterol and significantly lowered serum content of triglyceride and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol in hyperlipemic quails. Dipyridamole, diltiazem, nifedipine and dilazep, however, showed little effect.
Selective Anion Exchange Resins for the Removal of Perchlorate [(CIO{sub 4}{sup -})] from Groundwater (1999)

The primary objective of this project was to evaluate a novel bifunctional anion exchange resin for the cost-effective, in situ treatment of groundwater contaminated with perchlorate (ClO{sub 4}{sup -}). Both laboratory and field studies were performed to determine the selectivity and capacity of the bifunctional synthetic resins to sorb ClO{sub 4}{sup -} from simulated or actual contaminated groundwater. A number of synthetic bifunctional resins, including two commercial versions made by Purolite International and three commercially available, mono-functional resins, were tested. Initial laboratory batch and column breakthrough studies determined the best synthetic resins and the optimal conditions for the field experiment. Laboratory results indicated that the bifunctional synthetic resins, D-3696 and RO-02-119 were highly selective toward ClO{sub 4}{sup -} and performed {approx}5 times better than the best commercial nitrate resin (Purolite{reg_sign} A-520E) and more than an order of magnitude better than some nonselective commercial resins (e.g. Amberlite{reg_sign} IRA-900). The bifunctional resins were particularly effective in removing trace quantities of ClO{sub 4}{sup -} in groundwater to below the detection limit ({approx} 3 {micro}g/L). A field trial demonstrated that the bifunctional resin (D-3696) was able to treat {approx} 110,000 bed volumes of groundwater before a 10% breakthrough of ClO{sub 4}{sup -} occurred under the column flow-through conditions (running at {approx} 2 bed volumes per minute). On the other hand, the Purolite{reg_sign} A-520E resin was able to treat {approx} 23,000 bed volumes of groundwater under the same experimental conditions. No pretreatment was needed to remove either dissolved organic matter or other competing anions (such as SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} or NO{sub 3}{sup -}) in the groundwater, and the treatment process did not alter the water quality by removing or adding secondary by-products because of the high selectivity of the bifunctional resins. The results thus demonstrated that the new bifunctional resin could provide an efficient and cost-effective solution to the removal of ClO{sub 4}{sup -} from groundwater because of its reduced cost in operation and maintenance, resin regeneration, and waste disposal.
Active cleaning technique device (1973)

The objective of this program was to develop a laboratory demonstration model of an active cleaning technique (ACT) device. The principle of this device is based primarily on the technique for removing contaminants from optical surfaces. This active cleaning technique involves exposing contaminated surfaces to a plasma containing atomic oxygen or combinations of other reactive gases. The ACT device laboratory demonstration model incorporates, in addition to plasma cleaning, the means to operate the device as an ion source for sputtering experiments. The overall ACT device includes a plasma generation tube, an ion accelerator, a gas supply system, a RF power supply and a high voltage dc power supply.
Enhanced responsivity of photo-induced-emf laser ultrasound sensors using asymmetric interdigitated contacts (2000)

An ongoing challenge for laser-based ultrasound sensors is to improve the sensitivity of adaptive photodetectors. This class of sensor is compact, robust, and simple to implement. Moreover, it can optically detect the desired ultrasound information and compensate for background industrial noise in real-time, including static and dynamic optical phase distortions, arising from relative platform motion, workpiece wobble and speckle, multimode fiber dispersion, and in-factory turbulence. A vision of this sensor is to approach the sensitivity of a shot-noise limited ideal interferometer, as well as to form large numbers of these compact detectors into small monolithic arrays, for single-shot ultrasonic image detection in opaque materials, with enhanced buried feature extraction capability. One class of adaptive photodetector is the photo-emf sensor, which combines the desired ultrasound detection and real-time noise compensation into a single semiconductor crystal. This sensor does not require any computational or electrical tracking, or quadrature-maintaining servo-loop control. All the compensation and tracking is accomplished optically, using only the spatial and temporal information present in the probe laser beam itself, to form dynamic space-charge fields in the crystal, with the desired output photocurrent. We have fabricated a sensor with a novel 32-element interdigitated electrode configuration for enhanced performance. This sensor has a responsivity greater by a factor of 32 over that of a basic single-element photo-emf sensor, in agreement with theoretical scaling laws. Our electrode structure facilitates a major improvement in the performance of the detector, by reducing the ratio of the carrier transit time to carrier lifetime. The enhancement is realized by collecting the desired ultrasonically induced photocurrents at multiple locations along the surface of a GaAs crystal, in phase, while suppressing out-of-phase contributions. We describe a set of calibrated experiments that quantify the improved performance and linearity of our sensor, as a function of ultrasonic frequency and amplitude, number of electrodes, and field-of-view.
Cell‐permeant cytoplasmic blue fluorophores optimized for in vivo two‐photon microscopy with low‐power excitation (2007)

Because of the spreading of nonlinear microscopies in biology, there is a strong demand for specifically engineered probes in these applications. Herein, we report on the imaging properties in living cells and nude mice brains of recently developed water soluble blue fluorophores that show efficient diffusion through cell membranes and blood-brain barriers. They are characterized by two-photon absorption cross-sections of 100-150 Goeppert-Mayer range in the near IR and fluorescence efficiencies of up to 72% in water. They were found to stain homogeneously the cytoplasm of cultured living cells within minutes. Moreover, their diffusion times and fluorescence characteristics in the cytoplasm suggest a hydrophobic association with intracellular membranes. Their intracellular fluorescent decays were found to be almost mono-exponential, a very favorable feature for fluorescence lifetime imaging. Two photon images of living cells were obtained with a good signal to noise ratio using laser powers in the sub-milliwatt range. This allows continuous imaging without significant photobleaching for tens of minutes. In addition, these fluorophores allowed in vivo three-dimensional two-photon imaging of mice cortex vasculatures and extra vasculature structures, with no sign of toxicity.
Building starting models for full waveform inversion from wide‐aperture data by stereotomography (2012)

ABSTRACT Building an accurate initial velocity model for full waveform inversion (FWI) is a key issue to guarantee convergence of full waveform inversion towards the global minimum of a misfit function. In this study, we assess joint refraction and reflection stereotomography as a tool to build a reliable starting model for frequency‐domain full waveform inversion from long‐offset ( i.e. , wide‐aperture) data. Stereotomography is a slope tomographic method that is based on the inversion of traveltimes and slopes of locally‐coherent events in a data cube. One advantage of stereotomography compared to conventional traveltime reflection tomography is the semi‐automatic picking procedure of locally‐coherent events, which is easier than the picking of continuous events, and can lead to a higher density of picks. While conventional applications of stereotomography only consider short‐offset reflected waves, we assess the benefits provided by the joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals. Introduction of the refracted waves allows the construction of a starting model that kinematically fits the first arrivals, a necessary requirement for full waveform inversion. In a similar way to frequency‐domain full waveform inversion, we design a multiscale approach of stereotomography, which proceeds hierarchically from the wide‐aperture to the short‐aperture components of the data, to reduce the non‐linearity of the stereotomographic inversion of long‐offset data. This workflow which combines stereotomography and full waveform inversion, is applied to synthetic and real data case studies for the Valhall oil‐field target. The synthetic results show that the joint refraction and reflection stereotomography for a 24‐km maximum offset data set provides a more reliable initial model for full waveform inversion than reflection stereotomography performed for a 4‐km maximum offset data set, in particular in low‐velocity gas layers and in the deep part of a structure below a reservoir. Application of joint stereotomography, full waveform inversion and reverse‐time migration to real data reveals that the FWI models and the reverse‐time migration images computed from the stereotomography model shares several features with FWI velocity models and migrated images computed from an anisotropic reflection‐traveltime tomography model, although stereotomography was performed in the isotropic approximation. Implementation of anisotropy in joint refraction and reflection stereotomography of long‐offset data is a key issue to further improve the accuracy of the method.
Multiple physical forms of excised group II intron RNAs in wheat mitochondria (2006)

Plant mitochondrial group II introns do not all possess hallmark ribozymic features such as the bulged adenosine involved in lariat formation. To gain insight into their splicing pathways, we have examined the physical form of excised introns in germinating wheat embryos. Using RT-PCR and cRT-PCR, we observed conventional lariats consistent with a two-step transesterification pathway for introns such as nad2 intron 4, but this was not the case for the cox2 intron or nad1 intron 2. For cox2, we detected full-length linear introns, which possess non-encoded 3'terminaladenosines, as well as heterogeneous circular introns, which lack 3' nucleotide stretches. These observations are consistent with hydrolytic splicing followed by polyadenylation as well as an in vivo circularization pathway, respectively. The presence of both linear and circular species in vivo is supported by RNase H analysis. Furthermore, the nad1 intron 2, which lacks a bulged nucleotide at the branchpoint position, comprised a mixed population of precisely full-length molecules and circular ones which also include a short, discrete block of non-encoded nucleotides. The presence of these various linear and circular forms of excised intron molecules in plant mitochondria points to multiple novel group II splicing mechanisms in vivo.
Stereoselective syntheses of cis- and trans-2-alkylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenols by acid-catalyzed ring opening of 1,2-N-alkylimino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes. (1978)

5- or 7-Substituted cis- and trans-2-tert-butylamino-6-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenols (cis-29-cis-32) and (trans-30-trans-35) were synthesized from 1, 2-N-tertbutylimino derivatives. Acid-catalyzed ring opening of 1, 2-alkylimino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives (1-11) produced a mixture of cis- and trans-2-alkylamino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol derivatives whose ratio was markedly affected by substituents on the benzene ring. Stereoselective ring opening of the aziridines and interconversion of cis- and trans-2-alkylamino-1-tetralols via 1-hydroxysulfonyloxy intermediates were described. The reaction mechanism of acid-catalyzed ring opening of the aziridines and hydrolysis of 2-alkylamino-1-hydroxysulfonyloxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives is also discussed.
A refined gamma MAP SAR speckle filter with improved geometrical adaptivity (1995)

A modified version of the refined gamma maximum-a-posteriori (RGMAP) speckle filter, which is found in the literature, is presented. The traditional RGMAP speckle filter first defects contours belonging to step edges and thin linear structures, then applies the RGMAP filter to local statistics extracted from rectangular masks that do not cross image contours. The proposed modified RGMAP (MRGMAP) filter first exploits local operators belonging to the odd-symmetric filter category employed by RGMAP to detect image segments, then it computes local statistics over areas that are not necessarily rectangular, but are subsets of the image segments having any possible shape. Therefore, MRGMAP enhances the RGMAP ability in exploiting shape adaptive windowing near image contours, where speckle is not fully developed. The MRGMAP computation time is estimated to be of the same magnitude of that of the original RGMAP, the latter depending on the number of filter categories being employed. The qualitative and quantitative results of the MRGMAP filter applied to real SAR images are satisfactory as the filter seems to be effective in speckle removal whereas it retains edge sharpness and subtle details. However, tests on simulated SAR images must still be performed in order to provide definitive evidence supporting MRGMAP effectiveness. Since MRGMAP typically removes image structures featuring a constant reflectivity gradient, this filter is not particularly suitable for image enhancement in human photo-interpretation. MRGMAP can be rather employed as a preprocessing module in a computer-based SAR image classification procedure based on segment mean value analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid forecasting for airline revenue management in semi-restricted fare structures (2006)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.