gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivalent and Multipathogen Viral Vector Vaccines (2016)

The presentation and delivery of antigens are crucial for inducing immunity and, desirably, lifelong protection. Recombinant viral vectors-proven safe and successful in veterinary vaccine applications-are ideal shuttles to deliver foreign proteins to induce an immune response with protective antibody levels by mimicking natural infection. Some examples of viral vectors are adenoviruses, measles virus, or poxviruses. The required attributes to qualify as a vaccine vector are as follows: stable insertion of coding sequences into the genome, induction of a protective immune response, a proven safety record, and the potential for large-scale production. The need to develop new vaccines for infectious diseases, increase vaccine accessibility, reduce health costs, and simplify overloaded immunization schedules has driven the idea to combine antigens from the same or various pathogens. To protect effectively, some vaccines require multiple antigens of one pathogen or different pathogen serotypes/serogroups in combination (multivalent or polyvalent vaccines). Future multivalent vaccine candidates are likely to be required for complex diseases like malaria and HIV. Other novel strategies propose an antigen combination of different pathogens to protect against several diseases at once (multidisease or multipathogen vaccines).
Syntheses of Methylpyridine Derivatives. XXVI. Ring-Closure Reaction of 3-Acylamido-4-chloro-2, 6-lutidine with Potassium Amide in Liquid Ammonia (1972)

Reaction of 3-acylamido-4-chloro-2, 6-lutidine (Ia-d) with KNH2 in liq. NH3 was carried out and 3-acetamido-(Ia) and 3-benzamido-4-chloro-2, 6-lutidine (Ib) were converted into the oxazolopyridine derivatives (II and V) and 3-acylamido-4-amino-2, 6-lutidine (III and VI), respectively. Similar reaction of 3-phenylacetamido-(Ic) and 3-acetoacetamido-4-chloro-2, 6-lutidine (Id) gave the oxazolopyridine derivatives (VII and XIV) and the pyrrolinopyridine derivatives (VIII and XV), respectively. Acylation of VIII afforded 6-acetyl derivatives (X), and methylation of VIII with methyl iodide gave 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl derivatives (IX). Catalytic reduction of XV with platinum afforded 3-ethyl-3-hydroxy derivatives (XVIII).
Enhancement of Performance of Compact Toroid Injector for LHD (2009)

The compact toroid (CT) injector of SPICA (SPheromak Injector using Conical Accelerator) has been developed as an advanced fueller to centrally fuel the Large Helical Device (LHD). The primary challenges are the large magnetic field strength of LHD (~ 3 T) and the long CT transportation distance (~ 4 m). Initial tests showed the injector performance is insufficient for central fuelling; enhancement of SPICA is required. The performance of SPICA with different accelerator length was investigated to optimize the CT parameters: S-type (accelerator length = 1.328 m) and M-type (1.978 m). As results, CT speed just before CT ejection achieved at 206 km/s in the M-type. The magnetic field profiles indicated a typical spheromak configuration, and the peaked CT density was above 8 × 10 20 m -3 in the flux conserver connected to the muzzle on both the S and M-type SPICA. In addition, the CT passed through a 1.8 m drift tube without significant decay in CT density was observed. Through the series of experiments, the performance of SPICA has been improved effectively by optimization of the conical accelerator length and CT plasma has been successfully ejected from the injector, leading to CT transport in long distance.
The constitutents of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. I. Structures of two new monoterpene glucosides, Schizonepetosides A and B. (1981)

Two new glucosides, named schizonepetosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Labiatae). The structure of 1 was elucidated as (1S, 4R, 8E)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-p-menth-8 (9)-en-3-one on the basis of chemical and spectral studies. Compound 2 was identified as a glucoside possessing a dioxane ring formed by the double linkage between glucose and the aglycone, (1S, 4R, 8R)-8, 9-dihydroxy-p-menth-3-one, by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
An experimental evaluation of the use of chemical stabilisers in the revegetation of metalliferous mine wastes (1983)

Abstract This paper assesses the suitability of some commercially‐available stabilisers for direct hydraulic seeding onto metalliferous tailings. A range of stabilisers was tested on the growth of a grass/forb mixture under glasshouse conditions. The stabiliser products tested exhibited a differential effect upon yield and some suggested a degree of phytotoxicity. However, a subsequent bioassay under controlled‐environment conditions did not substantiate this, except in the case of a bitumen stabiliser.
Tissue Microstructural Changes Are Independently Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2008)

Mean ADC is independently associated with preintracerebral hemorrhage cognitive impairment in CAA. The lack of correlation with other MRI markers of CAA suggests that mean ADC may be sensitive to distinct aspects of CAA pathology and its tissue consequences. These results suggest that global MRI diffusion changes are sensitive to clinically relevant microstructural alterations and may be useful markers of CAA-related tissue damage.
Protein Structural Domains: Definition and Prediction (2011)

Recognition and prediction of structural domains in proteins is an important part of structure and function prediction. This unit lists the range of tools available for domain prediction, and describes sequence and structural analysis tools that complement domain prediction methods. Also detailed are the basic domain prediction steps, along with suggested strategies for different protein sequences and potential pitfalls in domain boundary prediction. The difficult problem of domain orientation prediction is also discussed. All the resources necessary for domain boundary prediction are accessible via publicly available Web servers and databases and do not require computational expertise.
Electric vehicle conductive charge couplers (2014)

The overall performance of listed Electric vehicle conductive charge couplers varies greatly based on engineering observations. In the field, excessive temperature rise at the connection between the charging station cord and the vehicle inlet has been noted. The temperature rise can be severe enough to damage the plastic coupler housings on both sides of the connection, and can occur in products that have been in the field for less than a year. In a laboratory environment, the variation can be measured more precisely with temperature and voltage drop across the connection. Laboratory results show resistance and temperature can increase rapidly with low cycling if the right conditions are present. The conditions can include intermixed contact technologies, insufficient crimping processes, thermal cycling, and elevated ambient temperatures. Changes may be needed to the standards that govern EV coupler connector design to better reflect these situations. A more demanding standard would help deliver charging systems that maintain low resistance and interchangeability across manufacturers, end of life safeguards, and increased longevity.
Dietary Protein Intake and Risk of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Elderly Residents of Utah (2004)

Higher total protein intake was associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture in men and women 50-69 years of age but not in men and women 70-89 years of age. The association between dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture may be modified by age. Our study supports the hypothesis that adequate dietary protein is important for optimal bone health in the elderly 50-69 years of age.
Low-power silicon spiking neurons and axons (2003)

The author presents low-power versions of two circuits often used in analog VLSI models of neural systems. The circuits model the spiking behavior of the axon hillock and the pulse propagation of axons. In these modified circuits, all transistors operate in the weak-inversion regime. The modified circuits are fully functional, and showed a measured improvement in power consumption over the original circuits. The circuit details, the experimental data, and the axonal delay circuit are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nondestructive near‐infrared spectroscopic measurement of multiple analytes in undiluted samples of serum‐based cell culture media (2001)

An adaptive calibration procedure is used to build selective multivariate calibration models for the measurement of glucose, lactate, glutamine, and ammonia in undiluted serum-based cell culture media. This adaptive procedure removes metabolism-induced covariance between these analytes in a series of calibration samples collected during the cultivation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Partial least-squares calibration models are generated from single-beam near-infrared (NIR) spectra collected over the 4800- to 4200-cm(-1) combination spectral range. Calibration models were generated with both the full spectral range and optimized spectral ranges. In both cases, the number of model factors was optimized and model validity was determined by comparing analyte concentrations predicted from a series of independent and unaltered samples that were obtained during a subsequent cultivation of the PC-3 cells. Similar analytical performance was achieved with fewer model factors when the optimized spectral range was used. The lowest standard errors of prediction were 0.82, 0.94, 0.55, and 0.76 mM for glucose, lactate, glutamine, and ammonia, respectively. Different spectral ranges were optimal for each analyte and the optimized spectral range coincided with the distinguishing spectral features of the analyte. The results of this study demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy can be used effectively in the off-line measurement of important nutrients (glucose and glutamine) and byproducts (lactate and ammonia) in a serum-based animal cell culture medium.
Peroxy acid oxidation of alkyl phenyl disulfides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeroxy acid oxidation of alkyl phenyl disulfidesAjit K. Bhattacharya and Alfred G. HortmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 13, 2728–2730Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00407a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00407a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AN ENZYMIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF GLYCEROL IN BLOOD AND ITS USE TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF NORADRENALINE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF GLYCEROL IN BLOOD (1962)

A sensitive, specific method is described for the estimation of plasma glycerol. It depends on the reduction of DPN in the presence of a partially purified glycerol dehydrogenase prepared from Aerobader aerogenes. With this method rabbit plasma has been found to contain 8 to 16 μmoles of glycerol per 100 ml. Intravenous infusion of noradrenaline causes an increase in plasma glycerol, which returns to its resting level about half an hour after the end of the infusion.
Interference suppression in CDMA downlink through adaptive channel equalization (2005)

In the synchronous CDMA downlink using orthogonal spreading codes, the multiple access interference (MAI) is essentially caused by the multipath channel. This is why the MAI can be suppressed by channel equalization. In this paper we present a receiver algorithm which performs adaptive channel equalization by estimating the transmitted chip sequence. The adaptation uses Griffiths' algorithm and converges to the LMMSE solution. The receiver is applicable in systems using long code scrambling such as in the 3/sup rd/ generation wideband CDMA proposals, and it is shown to offer significant performance gains when compared to conventional RAKE receivers.
Biochemical characterization of mucous glycoproteins synthesized and secreted by hamster tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture. (1985)

Hamster tracheal epithelial cells growing on type I collagen gel synthesize and secrete high molecular weight glycoconjugates which elute in the void volume upon Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography. The presence of any proteoglycans in this void volume material was ruled out based on both enzymatic analysis and behavior on DEAE-ion exchange chromatography. Based on the incorporation of radioactive precursors, followed by strong acid hydrolysis or neuraminidase digestion, the material was shown to contain sialic acid, fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and sulfate. Complete susceptibility to papain digestion and reductive beta-elimination suggests that the material consists of O-linked glycoproteins. The identification of N-acetylgalactosaminitol in the beta-eliminated oligosaccharides confirms this notion. The molecular weight of the oligosaccharides following beta-elimination ranges from 4,000 to 15,000. We conclude that the high molecular weight glyconjugates produced by hamster tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture are mucous glycoproteins based on size, sensitivity to alkaline borohydride treatment, and monosaccharide composition. Further characterization of these mucous glycoproteins showed both size and charge microheterogeneity among molecules. Detailed structural analysis of oligosaccharides of these mucous glycoproteins is currently under way.
Two different types of plasmoids in the plasma sheet: Cluster multisatellite analysis application (2013)

Abstract The fine magnetic field structure of two successive plasmoids previously reported is investigated by magnetic rotation analysis using four Cluster satellite data. Between these two plasmoids, opposite trends of curvature radius ( R c ) variations of the magnetic field lines from the boundary to the inner part are found. The different variations of R c reflect that the two plasmoids have different magnetic configurations. The electric current density distributions for both plasmoids are found distinct. The B y increase and abundant field‐aligned currents in the narrow core region of the first plasmoid indicate that a possible magnetic flux rope (MFR) core exists inside. The results indicate that the first observed plasmoid is of a magnetic loop (ML) type (with possible MFR core) and the second plasmoid is of a magnetic flux rope (MFR) type. The coexistence of ML and MFR in the near‐Earth plasma sheet may imply that multiple X line reconnection can occur by either an antiparallel or a component‐parallel way.
Identification and characterization of rat <i>gamma/delta</i> T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs, small intestine, and skin with a monoclonal antibody to a constant determinant of the <i>gamma/delta</i> T cell receptor. (1994)

A mAb called V65 was raised to a CD3+, TCR-alpha/beta- rat/mouse T cell hybrid that selectively reacts with all CD3+, TCR-alpha/beta- rat lymphocytes. Both anti-CD3 and V65 precipitate a 48- to 50-kDa heterodimeric protein from digitonin-lysed surface-iodinated cells. V65+ but not V65- T cells and T cell hybridoma cells express TCR-gamma mRNA. Together, these results show that V65 detects a constant determinant of the rat TCR-gamma/delta. In the presence of either IL-2 or IL-4, V65 stimulates proliferation in peripheral rat gamma/delta T cells. Approximately 90% of gamma/delta T cells from peripheral lymphoid organs have the same cell surface phenotype as thymus-derived MHC class I-restricted alpha/beta T cells, i.e., they are CD4- but express the CD8 alpha/beta heterodimer together with CD2 and CD5. In contrast, gamma/delta T cells from the epithelium of the small intestine lack CD2, CD4, and CD5 and express CD8 alpha only. Finally, V65 directly identifies a dense network of dendritic cells in the epidermis as gamma/delta T cells. These dendritic epidermal T cells are absent from athymic rats, indicating that like their mouse counterparts, they are thymus dependent.
Power, Fresh Water, and Food from Cold, Deep Sea Water (1973)

Many times more solar heat energy accumulates in the vast volume of warm tropic seas than that produced by all of our power plants. The looming energy crisis causes a renewal of interest in utilizing this stored solar heat to give, in addition to electric power, vast quantities of fresh water. Warm surface water, when evaporated, generates steam, to power a turbine, then fresh water when the steam is condensed by the cold water. A great increase in revenues over that from power and fresh water is shown by a substantial mariculture pilot plant. Deep sea water contains large quantities of nutrients. These feed algae which feed shellfish, ultimately shrimps and lobsters, in shallow ponds. Wastes grow seaweed of value; and combined revenues from desalination, power generation, and mariculture will give substantial profit.
Die zertifizierte Praxis - ein Erfahrungsbericht (2005)

In Hinblick auf die Verpflichtung zur Qualitätssicherung wurde in unserer nuklearmedizinischen Praxis ein Qualitätsmanagement-System (QM-System) etabliert. Die Umsetzung dieses Konzeptes führte dazu, dass Betriebsabläufe systematisch und konsequent für alle Arbeitsbereiche optimiert wurden. Daraus ergab sich insbesondere für unsere Mitarbeiter, aber auch für die Patienten eine höhere Zufriedenheit, verbunden mit einem deutlich messbaren wirtschaftlichen Erfolg. Zeitaufwändige innerbetriebliche Reibungsverluste konnten minimiert werden. Der zunächst als nachteilig betrachtete Einsatz von Zeit, Kosten und personellen Ressourcen bei der Einführung und Pflege des QM-Systems wird nach unseren Erfahrungen durch die daraus erwachsenden Vorteile mehr als ausgeglichen. Unser Resümee: „Es lohnt sich in jeder Hinsicht”.
Towards ubiquitous distributed multimedia: UPnP-based control and scripting (2010)

One of the most important enablers when assembling a modern ubiquitous computing system is distribution of multimedia content throughout a home and control of its playback. Additionally, ambient intelligence requirements include playback timeline programming, interaction with sensors and event-based playback triggering. Normally there is a central server dedicated to content storage and streaming to one or more spatially displaced viewing screens. In this paper we present a newly developed portable software library that provides mechanisms to control multimedia distribution and playback from one or more content servers, to multiple screens. The control is based on UPnP/DLNA protocol stack, therefore supporting integration of many off-the-shelf UPnP/DLNA compatible multimedia servers or playback devices. The primary goal is to interpret custom scripts written to achieve desired multimedia ambient. These scripts provide control over content distribution and playback based on time triggers and external, arbitrary events, such as sensor readings and user commands. The library provides faster response to a control command in comparison to traditional UPnP control points. Content providers and their physical addresses are hidden from users enforcing the concept of a media “cloud” to fetch the content from. Content can also be distributed to multiple targets at once, whereas it retains control synchronization.
Regulation of HIV-1 gag Protein Subcellular Targeting by Protein Kinase C (1995)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 internal structural protein precursor, p55, and its corresponding matrix proteolytic fragment, p17, are phosphorylated at Ser111 by protein kinase C. COS-7 cells transfected with plasmids encoding either the wild-type or Ser111-->Ala mutated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene matrix domain proteins were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and the phosphorylation of the expressed p17 proteins was examined by radioimmunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography. PMA treatment of transfected cells resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in wild-type p17 (but not mutated p17) phosphorylation; however, mutated p17 exhibited a low basal level of phosphorylation that was not affected by PMA, suggesting that additional sites were phosphorylated. PMA treatment of cells expressing wild-type p17 produced a dramatic shift in the localization of p17 from the cytosol to the membrane fraction within 8-15 min, followed by a slow quantitative dissociation of p17 back into the cytosol by 90 min. The cytosol-to-membrane translocation was dependent on N-myristoylated p17 since cells expressing p17 with a Gly2-->Ala mutation did not localize to the membrane. PMA also failed to induce the translocation of fully N-myristoylated Ser111-->Ala p17, suggesting that p17 phosphorylation at Ser111 was responsible for membrane association. This conclusion was confirmed by the finding of phosphorylated wild-type p17 in the membrane fraction only after PMA treatment. These results suggest that a "myristoyl-protein switch" regulates the reversible membrane targeting of p17 by protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation. This signal may provide a mechanism for the cellular regulation of virus development through modulation of gag protein-related developmental steps such as capsid targeting, assembly, encapsidation, budding, and maturation.
The Bay Bridge: A High Speed Bridge/Router (1992)

Explaining the rise and maintenance of cooperation is central to our understanding of biological systems and human societies. When an individual's cooperativeness is used by other individuals as a choice criterion, there can be competition to be more generous than others, a situation called competitive altruism. The evolution of cooperation between non-relatives can then be driven by a positive feedback between increasing levels of cooperativeness and choosiness. Here we use evolutionary simulations to show that, in a situation where individuals have the opportunity to engage in repeated pairwise interactions, the equilibrium degree of cooperativeness depends critically on the amount of behavioural variation that is being maintained in the population by processes such as mutation. Because our model does not invoke complex mechanisms such as negotiation behaviour, it can be applied to a wide range of species. The results suggest an important role of lifespan in the evolution of cooperation.