gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ANGIOGENESIS IN OPERABLE NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (1996)

Tumour angiogenesis is an important factor for tumour growth and metastasis. Although some recent reports suggest that microvessel counts in non-small cell lung cancer are related to a poor disease outcome, the results were not conclusive and were not compared with other molecular prognostic markers. In the present study, the vascular grade was assessed in 107 (T1,2-N0,1) operable non-small cell lung carcinomas, using the JC70 monoclonal antibody to CD31. Three vascular grades were defined with appraisal by eye and by Chalkley counting: high (Chalkley score 7-12), medium (5-6), and low (2-4). There was a significant correlation between eye appraisal and Chalkley counting (P < 0.0001). Vascular grade was not related to histology, grade, proliferation index (Ki67), or EGFR or p53 expression. Tumours from younger patients had a higher grade of angiogenesis (P = 0.05). Apart from the vascular grade, none of the other factors examined was statistically related to lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001). A univariate analysis of survival showed that vascular grade was the most significant prognostic factor (P = 0.0004), followed by N-stage (P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, N-stage and vascular grade were not found to be independent prognostic factors, since they were strongly related to each other. Excluding N-stage, vascular grade was the only independent prognostic factor (P = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a statistically significant worse prognosis for patients with high vascular grade, but no difference was observed between low and medium vascular grade. These data suggest that angiogenesis in operable non-small cell lung cancer is a major prognostic factor for survival and, among the parameters tested, is the only factor related to cancer cell migration to lymph nodes. The integration of vascular grading in clinical trials on adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy could substantially contribute in defining groups of operable patients who might benefit from cytotoxic treatment.
Human metabolism of dietary flavonoids: Identification of plasma metabolites of quercetin (2001)

The position of conjugation of the flavonoid quercetin dramatically affects biological activity in vitro, therefore it is important to determine the exact nature of the plasma metabolites. In the present study, we have used various methods (HPLC with diode array detection, LCMS, chemical and enzymic synthesis of authentic conjugates and specific enzymic hydrolysis) to show that quercetin glucosides are not present in plasma of human subjects 1.5 h after consumption of onions (a rich source of flavonoid glucosides). All four individuals had similar qualitative profiles of metabolites. The major circulating compounds in the plasma after 1.5 h are identified as quercetin-3-glucuronide, 3'-methylquercetin-3-glucuronide and quercetin-3'-sulfate. The existence of substitutions in the B and/or C ring of plasma quercetin metabolites suggests that these conjugates will each have very different biological activities.
A Case of Possible Penicillium Tinea Capitis (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> <i>Penicillium</i>is rarely reported as an infectious agent in man. This mold is ubiquitous in nature and its frequent isolation in cultures is routinely ascribed to contamination.<sup>1(pp456-458)</sup>We report a case of tinea capitis in which<i>Penicillium</i>may have been the causative agent. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 3-year-old boy was seen in January 1982 with a one-month history of patchy occipitoparietal hair loss with loss of luster in the remaining hair, and scattered "black dots" and light brown crusts on the scalp. Results of a Wood's light examination at that time were normal. Results of potassium hydroxide examination of epilated hairs were also normal; the brownish crusts showed brown, double-walled spores, some of which were clumped. A culture grown on dermatophyte test medium showed<i>Penicillium</i>species. The patient began receiving 50 mg of ketoconazole daily. Minimal fungicidal drug concentration studies against the organism were
The Yield Stress Equation for the Electrorheological Fluids (2000)

From the internal energy and entropy change of an electrorheological (ER) fluid under an external electric field, a general yield stress equation for the particle-type ER fluids is derived. Experiments were designed for testing the validity of our yield stress equation, and it is found that the experimental results and the prediction obtained from our yield stress equation agree very well. The currently observed ER phenomena reported in the literature are also able to be well understood by using our equation, especially the experimental facts which could not be explained well using the previous yield stress equations, for example, the ER behaviors of the BaTiO3/silicone oil system. Our present yield stress equation essentially differs from the previous ones, as it includes not only the dielectric constants of both liquid and solid materials but also a very important parameter related to the dielectric loss. The previous ER mechanism model proposed by us on the basis of experimental results,1 which emphasizes the role of the dielectric loss and particle turning process in the ER response, is thus materialized in this paper. Our results present a powerful tool to precisely estimate the yield stress based on the physical parameters of the suspension materials. They also provide insight into the mechanism of the ER effect and offer the clear implications on how to design high-performance ER fluids.
IFN-alpha is a survival factor for human myeloma cells and reduces dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. (1998)

IFN-alpha is used as a maintenance therapy in patients with multiple myeloma, but its benefit is a matter of controversy. In vitro studies show that IFN-alpha can both stimulate and inhibit myeloma cell proliferation. We have tested the effect of IFN-alpha on the survival of myeloma cell lines and primary plasma cells. IFN-alpha significantly reduced the apoptosis induced by removal of IL-6 in four IL-6-dependent myeloma cell lines. It also reduced the level of apoptosis induced by dexamethasone in these cell lines as well as in purified primary myeloma cells from seven patients. IFN-alpha promoted the survival of myeloma cells, which, following removal of IL-6, were blocked in G1 and died. However, unlike IL-6, IFN-alpha-treated cells remained mainly blocked in the G1 phase of the cycle. While the effects of IL-6 are mediated through stimulation of its gp130 receptor subunit, the IFN-alpha-induced survival of myeloma cells was independent of gp130 transducer activation (as demonstrated using a neutralizing anti-gp130 Ab). However, the signal transduction cascades activated by these two cytokines share at least some common elements, since stimulation with either IFN-alpha or IL-6 resulted in STAT3 phosphorylation. These results indicate that IFN-alpha promotes the survival, but not the proliferation, of myeloma cells, preventing the apoptosis induced by removal of IL-6 or addition of dexamethasone. This survival factor activity may explain the conflicting reports on the effects of IFN-alpha on myeloma cell proliferation.
Influence of the anodic etching current density on the morphology of the porous SiC layer (2014)

In this report, we fabricated a porous layer in amorphous SiC thin films by using constant-current anodic etching in an electrolyte of aqueous diluted hydrofluoric acid. The morphology of the porous amorphous SiC layer changed as the anodic current density changed: At low current density, the porous layer had a low pore density and consisted of small pores that branched downward. At moderate current density, the pore size and depth increased, and the pores grew perpendicular to the surface, creating a columnar pore structure. At high current density, the porous structure remained perpendicular, the pore size increased, and the pore depth decreased. We explained the changes in pore size and depth at high current density by the growth of a silicon oxide layer during etching at the tips of the pores.
Reactor aspects of counterstreaming-ion tokamak plasmas (1976)

Toroidal DT plasmas in which the D and T ions make up two distinct, quasi-thermal velocity distributions, oppositely displaced in velocity along the magnetic axis, can be set up by introducing all ions by tangential injection of neutral beams, and by removing ions from the plasma shortly after they have decelerated to an energy <̃2Te by Coulomb drag on the plasma electrons. A simple physical model for this counterstreaming-ion operation allows one to deduce the ion velocity distributions and required energy and particle confinement times that are in good agreement with the results of previous Fokker-Planck calculations. These distributions are used to calculate fusion reactivities, from which the variation of fusion power gain and power density with injection energy and Te are determined. The practical problems of implementing counterstreaming operation in a tokamak include charge-exchange losses, impurities, and the need to minimize plasma re-cycling.
The Use of Interference-Fit Bolts or Bushes and Hole Cold Expansion for Increasing the Fatigue Life of Thick-Section Aluminium Alloy Bolted Joints (1983)

The detection of fatigue cracks at bolt holes in the main spar of the Mirage III wing during full-scale fatigue tests led to a requirement for refurbishment procedures to extend the fatigue lives at a number of critical locations. One of these, which is covered by this investigation, was the spar lower front flange. Flight-by-flight fatigue tests have been carried out to determine the relative fatigue performance of aluminum alloy bolted joint specimens of 28 mm thickness incorporating close-fit bolts, interference-fit bolts (0.4%), hold cold-expansion (3%), interference-fit steel bushes (0.3%) and a combination of cold-expansion and interference-fit bushes. Fractographic measurements of crack development from the bores of holes in specimens incorporating close-fit bolts in non cold-expanded (reamed) and cold-expanded holes clearly indicated much slower fatigue crack propagation rates from the cold-expanded holes until the crack length was close to the nominal region of transition from the residual compressive to tensile stress zone around the cold- expanded holes. Fatigue tests on cold-expanded hole specimens at different spectrum scaling factors indicated that, under the loading sequence used, each 10% increase in stress reduced the life to about half that at the lower stress level.
PHOTOCHEMICAL ADDITION OF GLUTATHIONE TO URACIL AND THYMINE (1974)

Abstract —Irradiation (Λ > 240 nm) of thymine in aqueous solution in the presence of glutathione produces primarily 5‐S‐glutathione‐5, 6‐dihydropyrimidine and 5‐ S, S ‐glutathione‐5, 6‐dihydro‐pyrimidine. These adducts are obtained in better yields when the irradiations (Λ > 280 nm) are carried out in the presence of triplet‐state sensitizers. Reduction of 5‐ S, S ‐glutathione‐5, 6‐dihydropyrimidine with zinc dust in acetic acid yields the corresponding 5, 6‐dihydropyrimidine. When thymine‐glutathione adducts are heated in 6 N HCl for 2h, 5‐ S ‐cysteine‐5, 6‐dihydrothymine and 5‐ S, S ‐cysteine‐5, 6‐dihydrothymine are formed. Under these conditions, uracil‐glutathione adducts are less stable and are converted to products other than uracil‐cysteine adducts.
Thermally coupled distillation with reduced number of intercolumn vapor transfers (2000)

Abstract The classical thermal coupling between two distillation columns requires two‐way communication whereby both vapor and liquid streams are transferred in opposite directions between one specific location in each of the distillation columns. A general framework is presented whereby this classical two‐way thermal coupling is converted to a one‐way liquid‐only transfer. This conversion is achieved by adding one or more distillation sections and a reboiler and/or a condenser with each added section. The resulting equivalent configurations coproduce some of the component product streams from more than one distillation column and are quite flexible. Finally, the techniques developed for this framework are applied to reduce the heat duty of the well‐known conventional distillation column configurations with no thermal coupling.
Genomic and proteomic approaches to defining sperm production and function (2006)

Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an insight into potential new developments in male infertility; specifically, sperm development and function, concentrating on the technologies of gene expression, proteomics and use of gene knock out experiments. We initially discuss the future of traditional semen analysis, as a baseline to describing new technologies. The overall objective is to stimulate the reader to find out more about these developments and to provide some guidance on how the information can be used to develop more effective diagnostic tools for the future. It is our premise that a more detailed understanding of the physiology of both the normal and pathological cell is central to developing rational, non-assisted reproductive technology (non-ART) therapy. How useful is a semen assessment for the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility? The value of traditional semen parameters (concentration, motility and morphology) in the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility has been debated for almost 60 years and, perhaps not surprisingly, the debate continues (see Björndahl et al., 2005). There are many difficulties in the design of studies to assess the value of traditional semen parameters, for example number of semen samples to assess, relevance of different outcomes (in vitro fertilisation (IVF) versus in vivo conception) etc., but one of the most significant variables is the degree of quality control (QC) measures in place to ensure the assessment is valid.
Neural network-based feature point descriptors for registration of optical and SAR images (2018)

Registration of images of different nature is an important technique used in image fusion, change detection, efficient information representation and other problems of computer vision. Solving this task using feature-based approaches is usually more complex than registration of several optical images because traditional feature descriptors (SIFT, SURF, etc.) perform poorly when images have different nature. In this paper we consider the problem of registration of SAR and optical images. We train neural network to build feature point descriptors and use RANSAC algorithm to align found matches. Experimental results are presented that confirm the method’s effectiveness.
L'hydrolyse des hétérosides terpéniques du Muscat a petits grains par les enzymes périplasmiques de <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (1988)

<p style="text-align: justify;">Osidases located in periplasmic space of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> are able to hydrolyse monoterpenes heterosides of Muscat grapes. To prepare the periplasmic extract, yeast cell walls are digested with <em>Zymolyase</em> in the presence of an osmotic protector to prevent lysis of the resulting protoplasts; periplasmic enzymes are liberated into the supernatant medium. Monoterpenes heterosides are incubated 48 or 72 hours at 25° C with either intact yeast cells or periplasmic enzymatic extract. Monoterpenes, especially gerianol and nerol, are liberated in these conditions. β-glucosidase activity seems to play an important rôle in these reactions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Fungal extracellular β-glucosidases are commonly strongly inhibited by glucose. Surprisingly, the activity of periplasmic yeast β-glucosidase is quite glucose independant. These results suggest that some periplasmic enzymes from yeast may be involved in the hydrolysis of varietal aroma precursors in wines.</p>
Determination of Particle Size Distribution Parameters using a Laser‐Scattered Light Spectrometer (1988)

Abstract A method based on the measurement of scattered light intensity distributions is demonstrated to be able to determine directly the particle size of monodisperse supermicron‐size particles. In all other cases of a particle cloud, information about the size distribution can be acquired from comparison of measured and calculated intensities as a function of scattering angle. This indirect method is only applicable if the assumptions made in the theory used for comparison are fulfilled. Therefore, the method is limited to spherical particles with known refractive index. The type of size distribution also has to be known. In the cases considered a log‐normal size distribution was assumed. The uncertainty of the result increases with increase in the number of parameters that have to be determined. The method seems to be limited to unimodal distributions described with two parameters.
Modeling of dispersoid precipitation in multicomponent alloys (2011)

A model for nucleation, growth and coarsening of precipitates in multicomponent, multiphase systems is presented. High supersaturation and volume fraction of theprecipitate phase are considered. De ...
Automating Application Deployment in Infrastructure Clouds (2011)

Cloud computing systems are becoming an important platform for distributed applications in science and engineering. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds provide the capability to provision virtual machines (VMs) on demand with a specific configuration of hardware resources, but they do not provide functionality for managing resources once they are provisioned. In order for such clouds to be used effectively, tools need to be developed that can help users to deploy their applications in the cloud. In this paper we describe a system we have developed to provision, configure, and manage virtual machine deployments in the cloud. We also describe our experiences using the system to provision resources for scientific workflow applications, and identify areas for further research.
Control of Self-Assembled Structure through Architecturally and Compositionally Complex Block Copolymer Surfactant Mixtures (2014)

The self-assembly of binary mixtures of architecturally and compositionally diverse surfactant-like polystyrene–poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS–PVP) block copolymers (BCPs) in solution and in thin films has been systematically studied. PS–PVP BCPs of different molecular architecture synthesized by living anionic polymerization, including linear diblocks, triblocks, and branched star-like copolymers all having different block sizes, styrene to 2-vinylpyridine ratios, and variations in numbers of arms, were employed as constituent building blocks for the construction of advanced copolymeric ensembles. While ensembles formed from monomodal PS–PVP BCPs exhibit simple spherical aggregate structures in the PS-selective solvent toluene, aggregates created by mixing PS–PVP BCPs of different architecture display structures that include spherical, worm-like and large compound micellar aggregates. This result is attributed to the complex, architecture-induced diversity of microphase segregation in the mixed systems, wherein the fine-scale structures of the resultant ensembles can be further controlled by adjusting the blend composition. For example, unique hierarchically structured large compound micellar aggregates with spherical primary structures and worm-like secondary structures that resemble a brain coral were directly created when a 1:1 mixture (by weight) of a triblock copolymer and a star BCP that was cast in thin film form. The present study is valuable for illuminating the range of structures that may be created through architecture- and composition-controlled self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymer mixtures, which generally benefits the development of self-assembly as a method to make soft matter building blocks, as well as connections between self-assembled structures in solution and their thin films.
A general asymmetric synthesis of ferrocenes with planar chirality (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general asymmetric synthesis of ferrocenes with planar chiralityOlivier Riant, Odile Samuel, and Henri B. KaganCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 13, 5835–5836Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00066a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00066a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1732Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ED2: A Case for Active Learning in Error Detection (2019)

State-of-the-art approaches formulate error detection as a semi-supervised classification problem. Recent research suggests that active learning is insufficiently effective for error detection and proposes the usage of neural networks and data augmentation to reduce the number of these user-provided labels. However, we can show that using the appropriate active learning strategy, it is possible to outperform the more complex models that rely on data augmentation. To this end, we propose a multi-classifier approach with two-stage sampling for active learning. This intuitive and neat sampling method chooses the most promising cells across rows and columns for labeling. On three datasets, ED2 achieves state-of-the-art detection accuracy while for large datasets, the required number of user labels is lower by one order of magnitude compared to the state of the art.