gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LEAP - efficient security mechanisms for large-scale distributed sensor networks. (2003)

Protocol), a key management protocol for sensor networks that is designed to support in-network processing, while at the same time restricting the security impact of a node compromise to the immediate network neighborhood of the compromised node. The design of the protocol is motivated by the observation that different types of messages exchanged between sensor nodes have different security requirements, and that a single keying mechanism is not suitable for meeting these different security requirements. LEAP supports the establishment of four types of keys for each sensor node – an individual key shared with the base station, a pairwise key shared with another sensor node, a cluster key shared with multiple neighboring nodes, and a group key that is shared by all the nodes in the network. The protocol used for establishing and updating these keys
Modes of Propagation in a Coaxial Waveguide with Lossless Reactive Guiding Surfaces (1972)

An analysis of the modes that can propagate in a coaxial waveguide with Iossless reactive guiding surfaces is presented. The cases where both the surfaces are either inductive or capacitive and the case where one of the surfaces is capacitive and the other is inductive are discussed. The results show that, in general, there are two surface waves and an infinite number of waveguide modes. Whereas all the waveguide modes show the cut off phenomenon, the surface waves may either propagate down to zero frequency or get transformed into the lowest order waveguide mode at certain critical frequencies determined by the structure parameters.
Helicopter plume detection by using an ultranarrow-band noncoherent laser Doppler velocimeter (1993)

An experimental demonstration of helicopter plume detection by using a range-resolved, narrow-bandwidth, noncoherent laser Doppler velocimeter is presented. The laser Doppler velocimeter detects incoming Doppler-shifted signal photons by using the sharp spectral transmission features in a Faraday magneto-optic atomic line filter.
Properties of Trichomonas vaginalis grown under chemostat controlled growth conditions. (1990)

Trichomonas vaginalis isolates NYH 286 and IR 78 were grown in continuous flow culture conditions in a complex trypticase-yeast extract-maltose medium supplemented with heat-inactivated horse serum. Parasites could be stably maintained in the chemostat at high densities ranging from 1 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(7) organisms ml-1. Growth densities, acid production, and profiles of total versus secreted trichomonad proteins were characterised at different rates of growth and pH. Growth rate influenced the extent of parasite production of acid and the shedding of proteins into the medium but had no effect on overall parasite density. Lowering the pH from 6.0 to 5.0 resulted both in a decrease of cell density and acid production. At pH 4.5 isolate IR 78 but not NYH 286 was capable of growth and multiplication, showing the ability of some isolates to survive at the vaginal pH of healthy individuals. At this lower pH, however, isolate NYH 286 but not IR 78 synthesised new proteins which were detectable in stained gels. Also, inoculation of the chemostat with isolate NYH 286 comprising a mixture of fluorescent (positive, pos) and non-fluorescent (negative, neg) trichomonads as defined by monoclonal antibody reactivity to a surface immunogen resulted in a change in the parasite population to an almost homogeneous neg phenotype. These neg phenotype organisms switched back to pos phenotype after transfer to test tubes.
Integrating Thermal and Electrochemical Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries to Optimize Requirements Compliance (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Competitive engineering of battery packs for vehicle applications requires a careful alignment of function against vehicle manufacturer requirements. Traditional battery engineering practices focus on flow down of requirements from the top-level system requirements through to low-level components, meeting or exceeding each requirement at every level. This process can easily produce an over-engineered, cost-uncompetitive product.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">By integrating the key limiting factors of battery performance, we can directly compare battery capability to requirements. Here, we consider a power-oriented microhybrid battery system using coupled thermal and electrochemical modeling. We demonstrate that using dynamic resistance acquired from drive cycle characteristics can reduce the total size of the pack compared to typical static, fixed-duration resistance values. Next, we demonstrate that using real-world environmental characteristics, driving patterns, and transient thermal analysis results in significant reduction in battery requirements and size compared to steady-state, worst-case requirements analysis.</div></div>
Co-Teaching Beliefs to Support Inclusive Education: Survey of Relationships between General and Special Educators in Inclusive Classes (2010)

Co-teaching is a prevalent approach to providing effective instruction in inclusive classes. The purpose of this study was to determine teachers’ perceptions of compatibility and discrepancy between their approaches to teaching, personal characteristics and efficacy of co-teaching. Noonan’s Co-teacher Relationship Scale was adapted to survey the co-teachers statewide. Results of the statewide survey of Arizona general and special educators teaching in inclusive classes are presented as they relate to their responses. Various aspects of co-teaching relationships and teacher implementation of co-teaching models are discussed. The authors derive attributes of co-teachers in Arizona that indicate compatibility and sustainability of co-teaching arrangements. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Small-interfering RNA–induced androgen receptor silencing leads to apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer (2005)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States and, thus far, there has been no effective therapy for the treatment of hormone-refractory disease. Recently, the androgen receptor (AR) has been shown to play a critical role in the development and progression of the disease. In this report, we showed that knocking down the AR protein level by a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach resulted in a significant apoptotic cell death as evidenced by an increased annexin V binding, reduced mitochondrial potential, caspase-3/6 activation, and DFF45 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. The apoptotic response was specifically observed in those siRNA-transfected cells that harbor a native AR gene. No cell death was found in the AR-null prostate cancer cell PC-3 or its subline that has been reconstituted with an exogenous AR gene, as well as two breast cancer cell lines that are AR positive. Moreover, in parallel with the siRNA-induced AR silencing, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL was significantly reduced, which might account for the apoptotic cell death because ectopic enforced expression of Bcl-xL protein partially inhibited apoptosis after AR silencing. Taken together, our data showed that knocking down the AR protein level in prostate cancer cells leads to apoptosis by disrupting the Bcl-xL-mediated survival signal downstream of AR-dependent survival pathway.
Structural and Functional Studies on the Human C3b/C4bReceptor (CR1) Purified by Affinity Chromatography Using aMonoclonal Antibody (1986)

A procedure was devised that has several advantages over previously described methods to purify CR1 from both erythrocytes (E) and the HL-60 promyelocytic cell line. Using a monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity column, CR1 was purified to homogeneity as assessed by silver staining and 2-D gel analysis. Protein purified by this method comigrates on SDS-PAGE with 125I surface-labeled CR1 isolated by immunoprecipitation or iC3-Sepharose affinity chromatograhy and can be specifically immunoblotted with a second monoclonal anti-CR1 antibody. Employing this method, CR1 can be purified to homogeneity in amounts adequate for both functional studies and biochemical microanalysis. Purified E CR1 is functionally active as assessed by its ability to specifically rebind to an iC3-Sepharose affinity column, act as a cofactor for I-mediated cleavage of C3b to C3c and C3d, g and to accelerate decay of both the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases. Its specific activity is similar to that of CR1 purified by a method not employing the potentially denaturing washing and eluting conditions of immunoaffinity chromatography. The pIs of the two major E CR1 allotypes are both approximately 7.1. Using pooled human E CR1, an amino acid composition was derived which revealed a relatively high proline content. This has also been found in two functionally related and genetically linked complement-regulatory proteins, H and C4-binding protein, NH2-terminal sequencing of E CR1 and HL-60 CR1 was unsuccessful indicating that the NH2-terminus is blocked.
8‐Aza‐7‐deazaadenine <i>N</i><sup>8</sup>‐ and <i>N</i><sup>8</sup>‐(β‐<scp>D</scp>‐2′‐Deoxyribofuranosides): Building blocks for automated DNA synthesis and properties of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1988)

Abstract Oligonucleotides with alternating 8‐aza‐7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (= c 7 z 8 A d 2) and dT residues (see 11, 14 and 16 ) or 4‐aminopyrazolo [3,4‐ d ] pyrimidine N 2 ‐(β‐ D ‐2′‐deoxyribofuranoside) (= c 7 z 8 A′ d 1 ); ( 3 ) and dT residues (see 12 ) have been prepared by solid‐phase synthesis using P(III) chemistry, Additionally, palindromic oligomers derived from d(C‐T‐G‐G‐A‐T‐C‐C‐A‐G) but containing 2 or 3 instead of dA (see 18 – 22 ) have been synthesized. Benzoylation of 2 or 3 , followed by 4,4′‐dimethoxytritylation and subsequent phosphitylation yielded the methyl or the cyanoethyl phosphoramidites 8a,b and 9 . They were employed in automated. DNA synthesis. Alternating oligomers containing 2 or 3 showed increase dT m values compared to those with dA, in particular 12 with an unusual N 2 ‐glycosylic bond. The palindromic oligomers 18 ‐ 22 containing 2 or 3 instead of dA outside of the enzymic recognition side reduced the hydrolysis rate, replacement within d(G‐A‐T‐C) abolished phosphodiester hydrolysis.
Indoor light recycling: a new home for organic photovoltaics (2016)

A new home for organic photovoltaics.
Frequency and Outcomes of Blood Products Transfusion Across Procedures and Clinical Conditions Warranting Inpatient Care: An Analysis of the 2004 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (2010)

The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess frequency and outcomes associated with blood products transfusion. Data from the 2004 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database were used. Length of stay (LOS), postoperative infections, noninfectious transfusion-related complications, in-hospital mortality, and total charges were evaluated for transfused and nontransfused cohorts. Of the estimated 38.66 million discharges in the United States in 2004, 5.8% (2.33 million) were associated with blood products transfusion. Average LOS was 2.5 days longer, and charges were $17 194 higher for the transfused cohort (P < .0001). Odds of death were 1.7 times higher (P < .0001) and odds of infection 1.9 times higher (P < .0001) for the transfused cohort. Increased provider awareness and recognition of the frequency and potential negative outcomes of blood products transfusion may encourage the adoption of novel approaches to minimize intraoperative and early postoperative bleeding, reduce transfusion requirements, and most important, improve patient-level postoperative outcomes and health-related quality of life.
THz Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensor for H_2S trace gas detection (2015)

We report on a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) gas sensing system for hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) detection. The system architecture is based on a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) optoacoustic transducer with a novel geometry and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting 1.1 mW at a frequency of 2.913 THz. The QTF operated on the first flexion resonance frequency of 2871 Hz, with a quality factor Q = 17,900 at 20 Torr. The tuning range of the available QCL allowed the excitation of a H₂S rotational absorption line with a line-strength as small as S = 1.13·10⁻²² cm/mol. The measured detection sensitivity is 30 ppm in 3 seconds and 13 ppm for a 30 seconds integration time, which corresponds to a minimum detectable absorption coefficient α(min) = 2.3·10⁻⁷ cm⁻¹ and a normalized noise-equivalent absorption NNEA = 4.4·10⁻¹⁰ W·cm⁻¹·Hz(-1/2), several times lower than the values previously reported for near-IR and mid-IR H₂S QEPAS sensors.
First-principles calculations of dynamic permeability in porous media (1989)

By starting from the linearized Navier-Stokes equation for the fluid and the elastic wave equation for the solid frame of a porous medium, the first-principles definition of the frequency-dependent permeability \ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega}) and the recipe for its calculation are derived through the application of the homogenization procedure. It is shown systematically that, in the limit of wavelength much larger than the typical pore size, the fluid may be regarded as incompressible in the permeability calculation, and the solid-frame displacement acts as an additional pressure source term for the fluid flow. The physics underlying the generic asymptotic frequency dependence of \ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega}) is introduced through its analytic solution in the case of a cylindrical tube. To calculate \ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega}) for periodic porous media models, we have formulated a finite-element approach for the numerical solution of the incompressible fluid equations at low and intermediate frequencies and of the Laplace equation at high frequencies. The numerical results for the sinusoidally modulated tube, the fused-spherical-bead lattice, and the fused-diamond lattice indicate a large range of values for the static permeability ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}$ as well as the other asymptotic parameters such as the tortuosity \ensuremath{\alpha} and the surface length parameter \ensuremath{\Lambda} as defined by Johnson et al. However, despite their variability, almost all the numerical data on periodic models are shown to satisfy the approximate scaling relation \ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\simeq}${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}$f(\ensuremath{\omega}/${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$), where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ is a characteristic frequency particular to the medium, and f is a universal function independent of microstructures. We advance arguments that delineate the physical reason for this scaling behavior as well as the condition for its validity. The scaling prediction is then generalized to the case of random porous media through both numerical simulations and the critical-path argument. Our theory gives a simple explanation to the observed correlations in sedimentary rocks, and the scaling prediction is supported by experimental \ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\omega}) measurements on fused glass beads and crushed-glass samples.
On the relationship between the CMRR or PSRR and the second harmonic distortion of differential input amplifiers (1989)

The results of a harmonic distortion analysis for a differential pair are presented, including the effects of mismatches and of the finite nonlinear common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) or power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR). Due to mismatches, a differential pair produces second-harmonic distortion. The presence of a finite common-mode gain limits the amount of feedback which can be usefully applied to suppress the harmonic distortion. When the common-mode gain is nonlinear, additional distortion is generated which is not suppressed by the feedback. When the amplifier has to drive a large load and when the supply line impedance is large, the finite PSRR causes similar effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Improved Algorithm for the Simplification of Switching Functions Using Unique Identifiers on a Karnaugh Map (1969)

The use of unique identifiers to indicate covered terms in a Karnaugh map minimization algorithm significantly improves the chances of obtaining a minimum cover for complex functions. This correspondence presents a technique that takes advantage of unique identifers.
CD4+ cells are required for chronic eosinophilic lung inflammation but not airway remodeling (2008)

The contribution of CD4 T cells and other CD4+ cells to lung inflammation and airway remodeling remains unclear during bouts of chronic exposure to airborne allergen. Previously, murine models have shown that CD4 T cells are required for initiation of acute inflammation and the remodeling process. However, it is unknown whether CD4 T cells or other CD4+ cells continue to be required for remodeling during ongoing allergen challenges after the development of acute eosinophilic lung inflammation. To test this, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). After acute airway inflammation was established, a CD4 depleting antibody was administered for 4 wk during a period of chronic exposure to intranasal OVA, resulting in effective depletion of CD4+ cells from all organs, including the lung, lung-draining lymph nodes, and spleen. In these mice, levels of peribronchial inflammation, bronchoalveolar (BAL) eosinophils, and lung CD11c+, CD8+, and Siglec-F+CD11c- cells were significantly reduced. However, mucus metaplasia, peribronchial subepithelial fibrosis, and smooth muscle mass were not affected. Additionally, depletion of CD4+ cells before the last week of chronic allergen challenges also led to significant reductions in BAL eosinophils, peribronchial inflammation, and lung CD11c+, CD8+, and Siglec-F+CD11c- cells. These results show that CD4 T cells, and other CD4+ cells including subsets of dendritic cells, iNKT cells, and LTi cells, play a role in ongoing eosinophilic lung inflammation during periods of chronic allergen challenge, but are not required for progressive airway remodeling that develops after initial acute inflammation.
Bridging the BMP and Wnt Pathways by PI3 Kinase/Akt and 14-3-3? (2004)

BMP, PTEN and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways are the three signaling pathways that control normal development and regeneration of the intestine, and contribute to intestinal polyposis when aberrant inactivation or activation occurs in each of these pathways. Using genetic targeting of BMPR1A in mice, we show that inactivation of BMP signaling results in multiple polyps due to an increased number of crypts and stem cells, accompanied by enhanced Wnt signaling in all proliferating intestine cells. However the increased transcriptional activity of Wnt effecter protein, beta-catenin, is found primarily in intestine stem cells (ISCs). Concurrently, PTEN, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway, is also primarily inactivated in the ISCs, leading to activation of Akt. Thus, Akt may contribute to activation of beta-catenin in ISCs in coordination with Wnt signaling. By conducting a proteomic analysis of the beta-catenin complex, we show that 14-3-3zeta exists in the beta-catenin complex and facilitates activation of beta-catenin by Akt, which, intriguingly, appears to be predominantly in ISCs. Thus, we propose that BMP signaling plays a role in inhibition of ISC self-renewal through suppression of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in ISC, and this cross-talk is bridged, at least in part, through the PTEN/Akt pathway and further enforced by 14-3-3zeta.
Accurate simulations of pure quasi-P-waves in complex anisotropic media (2014)

ABSTRACT Reverse time migration (RTM) in complex anisotropic media requires calculation of the propagation of a single-mode wave, the quasi-P-wave. This was conventionally realized by solving a 2×2 system of second-order partial differential equations. The implementation of this 2×2 system required at least twice the computational resources as compared with the acoustic wave equation. The S-waves, an introduced auxiliary function in this system, were treated as artifacts in the RTM. Furthermore, the 2×2 system suffered numerical stability problems at the places in which abrupt changes of symmetric axis of anisotropy exist, which brings more challenges to real data implementation. On the other hand, the Alkhalifah’s equation, which governs the pure quasi-P-wave propagation, was hard to solve because it was a pseudodifferential equation. We proposed a pure quasi-P-wave equation that can be easily implemented within current imaging framework. Our new equation was obtained by decomposing the original pseudodifferential operator into two numerical solvable operators: a differential operator and a scalar operator. The combination of these two operators yielded an accurate phase of quasi-P-wave propagation. Our solution was S-wave free and numerically stable for very complicated models. Because only one equation was required to resolve numerically, the new proposed scheme was more efficient than those conventional schemes that solve the 2×2 second-order differential equations system. For tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) RTM implementation, the required increase of numerical cost was minimal, and we could expect at least a factor of two of improvement of efficiency. We showed the effectiveness and robustness of our method with numerical examples with simple and very complicated TTI models, the SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM) model. Further extension of our approach to orthorhombic anisotropy or tilted orthorhombic anisotropy was straightforward.
Functions of G-protein Subunits (1988)

The signals from many receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters are sent through the plasma membranes via a set of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins composed of a GTP-binding α subunit and a βγ subunit, which is a nondissociable dimer made up of two different polypeptides (for recent reviews, see Stryer and Bourne 1986; Gilman 1987; Lochrie and Simon 1988; Neer and Clapham 1988). The receptors on the cell surface are extremely specific for their agonists and can be differentiated from one another by their ligand-binding properties. However, at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, the interactions appear to be less precise. Within a single cell, several separate receptors can often regulate each final pathway. For example, in the heart, acetylcholine and adenosine receptors appear to regulate the same K+ channel (Kurachi et al. 1986).
Platelet-activating factor mediates hemodynamic changes and lung injury in endotoxin-treated rats. (1987)

Within 20 min after intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin in rats, blood platelet-activating factor (PAF) increased from 4.3 +/- 1.3 to 13.7 +/- 2.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) and lung PAF from 32.3 +/- 4.9 to 312.3 +/- 19.6 ng (P less than 0.01), but not lung lavage PAF. We tested the effect of PAF receptor antagonists, CV 3988 and SRI 63-441, on endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes and lung vascular injury. Pretreatment with CV 3988 attenuated systemic hypotension, preserved hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and prolonged survival of awake catheter-implanted endotoxin-treated (20 mg/kg) rats. Pretreatment with SRI 63-441 prevented the depressed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction after low dose (2 mg/kg) endotoxin. Both CV 3988 and SRI 63-441 blocked the increased extravascular accumulation of 125I-albumin and water in perfused lungs isolated from endotoxin-treated rats. We conclude that PAF is produced in the lung during endotoxemia and may be an important mediator of the systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic changes as well as the acute lung vascular injury after endotoxemia.