gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an all-fish gene cassette for gene transfer in aquaculture. (1993)

To develop an all-fish gene cassette suitable for gene transfer in aquaculture, the antifreeze protein (AFP) gene promoter from the ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) was analyzed for its ability to direct exogenous gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. The ocean pout AFP (opAFP) gene promoter fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was functionally analyzed in two fish cell lines and in Japanese medaka embryos. The opAFP gene promoter was active in these systems, as demonstrated by the transient expression of CAT activity. These results suggest that the opAFP gene promoter is useful for many other gene transfer experiments. To facilitate use of the opAFP gene promoter as a common and versatile vehicle for fish gene transfers, an expression vector, opAFP-V, was constructed by linking the 2.1-kb opAFP gene promoter, the 63-bp opAFP gene 5' untranslated sequence, and the 1.2-kb opAFP gene 3' sequence by two unique restriction sites, Bg/II and HpaI, respectively. Thus, genes of interest can be inserted into either the Bg/II site or the HpaI site depending on the length of their 5' untranslated sequence. The complete DNA sequence of opAFP-V was determined to facilitate future detailed analysis of integration and expression of the transgene.
Lithium Intercalation into the Jarosite-type Hydroxysulfate: A Topotactic Reversible Reaction from a Crystalline Phase to an Inorganic Polymer-like Structure (2014)

Insertion of lithium into the jarosite hydroxysulfate NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 leads to an amorphous phase Li2+xNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 (with 0 < x<0.5), through a biphasic mechanism. The latter phase exhibits reversible electrochemical lithium intercalation/deintercalation through a solid-solution-like process, leading back to the oxidized jarosite LixNaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 (with 0.3 < x < 0.6), with redox cycling at 2.82 V and a capacity of 110 mAh/g at C/20. This unique topotactic reaction between an amorphous and a well-crystallized phase is interpreted on the basis of the formation of an inorganic polymer.
PCL and PCL-based materials in biomedical applications (2017)

Biodegradable polymers have met with an increasing demand in medical usage over the last decades. One of such polymers is poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), which is a polyester that has been widely used in tissue engineering field for its availability, relatively inexpensive price and suitability for modification. Its chemical and biological properties, physicochemical state, degradability and mechanical strength can be adjusted, and therefore, it can be used under harsh mechanical, physical and chemical conditions without significant loss of its properties. Degradation time of PCL is quite long, thus it is used mainly in the replacement of hard tissues in the body where healing also takes an extended period of time. It is also used at load-bearing tissues of the body by enhancing its stiffness. However, due to its tailorability, use of PCL is not restricted to one type of tissue and it can be extended to engineering of soft tissues by decreasing its molecular weight and degradation time. This review outlines the basic properties of PCL, its composites, blends and copolymers. We report on various techniques for the production of different forms, and provide examples of medical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery systems covering the studies performed in the last decades.
A Dynamic Compressive Gammachirp Auditory Filterbank (2006)

It is now common to use knowledge about human auditory processing in the development of audio signal processors. Until recently, however, such systems were limited by their linearity. The auditory filter system is known to be level-dependent as evidenced by psychophysical data on masking, compression, and two-tone suppression. However, there were no analysis/synthesis schemes with nonlinear filterbanks. This paper describe18300060s such a scheme based on the compressive gammachirp (cGC) auditory filter. It was developed to extend the gammatone filter concept to accommodate the changes in psychophysical filter shape that are observed to occur with changes in stimulus level in simultaneous, tone-in-noise masking. In models of simultaneous noise masking, the temporal dynamics of the filtering can be ignored. Analysis/synthesis systems, however, are intended for use with speech sounds where the glottal cycle can be long with respect to auditory time constants, and so they require specification of the temporal dynamics of auditory filter. In this paper, we describe a fast-acting level control circuit for the cGC filter and show how psychophysical data involving two-tone suppression and compression can be used to estimate the parameter values for this dynamic version of the cGC filter (referred to as the "dcGC" filter). One important advantage of analysis/synthesis systems with a dcGC filterbank is that they can inherit previously refined signal processing algorithms developed with conventional short-time Fourier transforms (STFTs) and linear filterbanks.
Basic zinc test for urine bilirubin. (1967)

Abstract The simple, rapid test for urine bilirubin herein described is based on the ability of bilirubin to bind with zinc in direct molecular proportion. A visible color change from yellow to orange is noted when the bilirubin concentration is over 0.5 mg. per 100 ml. of urine. The same specimen may be read unchanged in a spectrophotometer for quantitation.
Haloenol lactones: enzyme-activated irreversible inactivators for serine proteases. Inactivation of alpha-chymotrypsin. (1982)

Two haloenol lactones have been shown to inactivate alpha-chymotrypsin by an enzyme-mediated process. According to the postulated mechanism, acylation of the active site serine by the haloenol lactone reveals an alpha-haloketone, which alkylates the enzyme at the active site and renders the enzyme inactive. The inactivation has been shown to require enzymatic activation of the inhibitor to its reactive form to take place within the acyl-enzyme intermediate and to be irreversible.
Arrested Embryos from the <i>bio1</i> Auxotroph of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Contain Reduced Levels of Biotin (1990)

The bio1 auxotroph of Arabidopsis thaliana is a recessive embryonic lethal that forms normal plants in the presence of biotin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aborted seeds produced by heterozygous plants grown without vitamin supplements contained reduced levels of biotin. Two methods were used to determine the biotin content of mutant and wild-type tissues: streptavidin binding in microtiter plates and growth of the biotin-requiring bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum. Total biotin was measured in extracts prepared from immature seeds prior to desiccation. Aborted seeds produced by heterozygous (bio1/BIO1) plants contained some biotin in the maternal seed coat but virtually no detectable biotin in the arrested embryo. This lack of biotin was not observed in arrested embryos from other mutants with similar patterns of abnormal development. These results are consistent with the model that bio1 tissues are defective in biotin synthesis. The alternative model of increased degradation is inconsistent with the recessive nature of the mutation and the ability of rescued plants to continue growing for several weeks following removal of supplemental biotin.
Oculopharyngodistal myopathy is a distinct entity (2011)

We suggest that OPDM is a clinically and genetically distinct myopathy.
Flip chip interconnect systems using copper wire stud bump and lead free solder (2001)

This research focuses on flip chip interconnect systems consisting of wire stud bumps and solder alloy interconnects. Conventional gold (Au) wire stud bumps and new copper (Cu) wire stud bumps were formed on the chip by wire stud bumping. Cu wire studs were bumped by controlling the ramp rate of ultrasonic power to eliminate the occurrence of under-pad chip cracks that tend to occur with high strength bonding wire. Lead free 96Sn3.5Ag0.5Cu (SnAgCu) alloy was used to interconnect the wire studs and printed circuit board. A comparison was made with conventional eutectic 63Sn37Pb (SnPb) alloy and 60In40Pb (InPb) alloy. Test vehicles were assembled with two different direct chip attachment (DCA) processes. When the basic reflow assembly using a conventional pick and place machine and convection reflow was used, 30% of the lead free test vehicles exhibited process defects. Other lead free test vehicles failed quickly in thermal shock testing. Applying the basic reflow assembly process is detrimental for the SnAgCu test vehicles. On the other hand, when compression bonding assembly was performed using a high accuracy flip chip bonder, the lead free test vehicles exhibited no process defects and the thermal shock reliability improved. Cu stud-SnAgCu test vehicles (Cu-SnAgCu) in particular showed longer mean time to failure, 2269 cycles for the B stage process and 3237 cycles for high temperature bonding. The C-SAM and cross section analysis of the Cu stud bump assemblies indicated less delamination in thermal shock testing and significantly less Cu diffusion into the solder compared to Au stud bumped test vehicles. The Cu stud-SnAgCu systems form stable interconnects when assembled using a compression bonding process. Moreover, Cu wire stud bumping offers an acceptable solution for lead free assembly.
Direct growth of high-quality Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dielectric on graphene layers by low-temperature H<sub>2</sub>O-based ALD (2014)

A thin Al2O3 dielectric film was directly grown onto graphene layers without any surface treatment prior to H2O-based atomic layer deposition for the first time. The growth mechanism of Al2O3 dielectric film has been studied by changing the growth temperature and purge time. We found that the film morphology was influenced by the amount and distribution of physically adsorbed precursor molecules on the graphene, especially by physically adsorbed H2O molecules. Within an optimal temperature window, conformal and uniform Al2O3 thin films were obtained as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results. Raman spectroscopy revealed that no extra defects are generated in the graphene layers. Furthermore, the low leakage current and interface traps in dual-gated graphene field-effect transistors demonstrate the high-quality dielectric/graphene stack.
Genetic control of immune responses in vitro. VI. Experimental conditions for the development of helper T-cell activity specific for the terpolymer L-glutamic aicd60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) in nonresponder mice. (1975)

Mice which are genetic nonresponders to the random terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) not only fail to develop GAT-specific antibody responses when stimulated with soluble GAT either in vivo or in vitro, but develop GAT-specific T cells which suppress the GAT-specific plaque-forming cell response of normal nonresponder mice stimulated with GAT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA).Thus, both responder and nonresponder mice have T cells which recognize GAT. However, nonresponder mice can develop GAT-specific helper T cells if immunized with GAT bound to MBSA or to macrophages. The relevance of Ir gene-controlled responses is discussed.
The measurement of the D-antigen in poliovirus preparations (1962)

A simple micro-method of measuring ‘D-’ and ‘C-’ antigen contents of poliovirus preparations is described. The D-antigen of poliovirus is almost certainly the component of the virus involved in eliciting neutralizing antibodies, and the D-antigen assay thus becomes a simple in vitro method for assessing the antigenic potency of poliovaccines and for investigating the influence of various factors upon the antigen. The value of the technique in following the concentration and purification of poliovirus preparations is illustrated in the studies reported in the accompanying paper by Fantes (1962). The results of experiments designed to test the validity of the idea that D-antigen is the antigen eliciting neutralizing antibodies are discussed by Beale (1961).
The Thermal Evaluation of Formvar Resin (1951)

Deterioration of plastic insulation is a highly complex process influenced by many factors including time, temperature, plasticizer content, and changes both in molecular weight and in basic chemical character. Past methods of evaluation have, accordingly, been empirical ones using accelerated aging tests, but no method has been available for predicting the life of insulation under service conditions.
Graphene oxide-protected DNA probes for multiplex microRNA analysis in complex biological samples based on a cyclic enzymatic amplification method (2011)

Based on graphene oxide-protected DNA probes, we have developed a cyclic enzymatic amplification method for sensitive miRNA detection in complex biological samples. By using the quenching nature of graphene oxide for multiple fluorophores, this method can distinguish highly similar miRNA sequences and detect them simultaneously.
Acidic and basic FGF in ocular media and lens: implications for lens polarity and growth patterns (1993)

We have shown previously that FGF induces lens epithelial cells in explant culture to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into fibre cells in a progressive concentration-dependent manner. In situ, these processes occur in a distinct anterior-posterior pattern in clearly defined regions of the lens. Thus anterior-posterior differences in the bio-availability of FGF in the lens environment may play a role in determining lens polarity and growth patterns. In this study, using heparin chromatography and western blotting (or ELISA), we established that both acidic and basic FGF are present in the aqueous and vitreous (the ocular media that bathe the anterior and posterior compartments of the lens, respectively). In addition, substantially more FGF was recovered from vitreous than from aqueous. Both forms of FGF were also detected in lens fibre cells and capsule. A truncated form of basic FGF (less than 20 x 10(3) M(r)) predominated in every case with traces of higher M(r) forms in lens cells. For acidic FGF, the classical full-length form (about 20 x 10(3) M(r)) predominated in lens cells and a truncated form was found in vitreous. The capsule contained a higher M(r) form. Using our explant system, we also tested the biological activity of ocular media and FGF fractions obtained from vitreous and lens cells. Vitreous but not aqueous contained fibre-differentiating activity. Furthermore, virtually all the fibre-differentiating activity of vitreous was shown to be FGF-associated, as follows: (a) this activity remained associated with FGF during fractionation of vitreous by heparin and Mono-S chromatography and (b) the activity of the major FGF-containing fraction was blocked by antibodies to acidic and basic FGF. Posterior, but not anterior, capsule was shown to have mitogenic activity, which was neutralised by FGF antibodies and associated only with the cellular surface. These results support our hypothesis that FGF is involved in determining the behaviour of lens cells in situ. In particular, a key role for FGF in determining lens polarity and growth patterns is suggested by the anterior-posterior differences in the bio-availability of FGF in the ocular media and capsule.
Oncogenic rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas from children exposed to the Chernobyl nuclear accident. (1995)

Since the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, a striking increase of thyroid carcinoma has been reported in children exposed to radiation in Belarus. Because of its unprecedented scale and its emotional implications, this finding has raised concern and called the attention of the scientific community to this major health problem. Although epidemiologically documented, a direct correlation between thyroid cancer and radiation exposure has not been definitely proven at the molecular level. On the assumption that ionizing radiation could cause specific and common cancer-associated genetic lesions, an analysis of oncogene activation and/or tumor suppressor gene inactivation would help to define radiation-induced thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, we have analyzed by different molecular approaches, including Southern blotting, DNA transfection assay on NIH-3T3 cells, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis, six papillary carcinomas from children living in the region of Belarus at the time of the Chernobyl nuclear accident to identify tumor-specific gene rearrangements of the proto-oncogenes RET and TRK, previously found activated in a tumor type-specific manner in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Using Southern blot analysis in four cases, we could detect specific rearranged bands indicating an oncogenic activation of RET that in three cases resulted in rearranged sequences provided by the same activating gene. Moreover, the DNA of the last three cases showed a biological activity in transforming NIH-3T3 cells after the DNA-mediated transfection assay, and the respective NIH-3T3 transfectants were found to express the oncogenic fusion transcripts. These results support the possibility that RET oncogenic activation could represent a major genetic lesion associated with thyroid carcinoma in children exposed to the Chernobyl nuclear accident.
A Discrepancy-Computationless RiBM algorithm and its architecture for BCH decoders (2008)

This paper presents a novel discrepancy computationless RiBM (DcRiBM) algorithm and its architecture for decoding BCH codes. The DcRiBM algorithm allows elimination of the discrepancy computation control block and reduced hardware complexity as compared to conventional RiBM algorithm architecture. The low-complexity DcRiBM architecture has been designed architecture. The low-complexity DcRiBM architecture has been designed and implemented with 0.18-mum CMOS standard cell technology in a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The BCH(2040,1930) decoder with the proposed architecture operates approximately 2.9 Gb/s at a clock frequency of 265 MHz and has approximately 32% fewer gate counts than the conventional RiBM architecture.
Discharge at the pillbox window for an LHRF launcher (1989)

The discharge at a pillowbox-type waveguide vacuum window for a lower hybrid resonant frequency (LHRF) launcher at 2 GHz is studied experimentally. A discharge is observed near the window at a pressure below 10/sup -2/ Pa. The discharge has little or no effect on the RF-transmission waveform; however, the temperature rise of the ceramic due to the discharge reaches about 100 times higher than that in the no-discharge case. Moreover, the breakdown of gas in the waveguide is enhanced by the discharge. The discharge can be suppressed by sufficient RF conditioning and/or by coating the window with materials having a low secondary electron emission ratio such as carbon or TiN. These results are accurately explained by the theory of single-surface multipactoring discharge induced by an electric field perpendicular to the ceramic and the space charge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Initial Binding of the Elongation Factor Tu·GTP·Aminoacyl-tRNA Complex Preceding Codon Recognition on the Ribosome (1996)

The first step in the sequence of interactions between the ribosome and the complex of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), GTP, and aminoacyl-tRNA, which eventually leads to A site-bound aminoacyl-tRNA, is the codon-independent formation of an initial complex. We have characterized the initial binding and the resulting complex by time-resolved (stopped-flow) and steady-state fluorescence measurements using several fluorescent tRNA derivatives. The complex is labile, with rate constants of 6 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 and 24 s-1 (20 degrees C, 10 mM Mg2+) for binding and dissociation, respectively. Both thermodynamic and activation parameters of initial binding were determined, and five Mg2+ ions were estimated to participate in the interaction. While a cognate ternary complex proceeds form initial binding through codon recognition to rapid GTP hydrolysis, the rate constant of GTP hydrolysis in the non-cognate complex is 4 orders of magnitude lower, despite the rapid formation of the initial complex in both cases. Hence, the ribosome-induced GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu is strongly affected by the presence of the tRNA. This suggests that codon-anticodon recognition, which takes place after the formation of the initial binding complex, provides a specific signal that triggers fast GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu on the ribosome.
FTIR spectroscopic analysis of sputum: Preliminary findings on a potential novel diagnostic marker for COPD (2008)

COPD is a common, progressively disabling disease and a major health burden worldwide. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides for sensitive analysis of complex biological samples. COPD pathogenesis involves quantitative and qualitative changes in sputum biosynthesis. This first study explores whether FTIR can produce distinct spectral profiles of human sputum, and capture differences between COPD and health. Sputum obtained from 15 COPD patients and 15 healthy volunteers was analysed using FTIR spectroscopy; differences in peak positions, height and configuration were identified and measured. All samples gave reproducible characteristic IR absorption spectra. The most relevant regions identified were the amide and glycogen rich regions, showing crucial spectral differences between health and COPD relating to peak position shifts or intensity alteration. These novel preliminary findings support further exploration of FTIR sputum profiling in a clinical study to determine its potential as a practical method for monitoring COPD.
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating Discrete Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regions in the Human Brain (2000)

The indirect catecholamine agonist methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the drug treatment of choice in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), one of the most common behavioral disorders of childhood (DSM-IV), although symptoms may persist into adulthood. Methylphenidate can enhance cognitive performance in adults and children diagnosed with AD/HD (Kempton et al., 1999; Riordan et al., 1999) and also in normal human volunteers on tasks sensitive to frontal lobe damage, including aspects of spatial working memory (SWM) performance (Elliott et al., 1997). The present study investigated changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) induced by methylphenidate during performance of a self-ordered SWM task to define the neuroanatomical loci of the beneficial effect of the drug. The results show that the methylphenidate-induced improvements in working memory performance occur with task-related reductions in rCBF in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex. The beneficial effects of methylphenidate on working memory were greatest in the subjects with lower baseline working memory capacity. This is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a localization of a drug-induced improvement in SWM performance in humans and has relevance for understanding the treatment of AD/HD.
1211 A Study of Wheel/Rail Contact Position and Measurement of Bending Displacement of Wheelset Rolling on Roller Rig (2007)

On numerical analysis of railway vehicle dynamics, the contact position between wheel and rail is a necessary parameter to calculate creep forces or contact pressures etc., and it is generally calculated by geometric methods without considering wheelset flexibility, which would influence on the contact position. This article presents an experiment to measure bending of a real wheelset according to loads on the axle boxes of the wheelset rolling on a roller rig. Results of the experiment show that the wheelset bends of its center upward, and as far as the loads correspond to the loads of commuter cars, the wheelset bending changes linearly, when the contact point between wheel and rail is on wheel tread. And a geometric calculation with the results derives the shift of the contact position toward the field corner of the rail.