gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model calculations for accelerated As ion doping of Si during molecular beam epitaxy (1983)

A model is presented for calculating the incorporation probability and steady state depth distribution of accelerated dopants in films deposited from the vapor phase. Terms accounting for thermal sticking probabilities, low-energy implantation, diffusion, surface segregation, and preferential sputtering are included. Model predictions are shown to be in good agreement with Ota’s experimental data [J. Appl. Phys. 51, 1102 (1980)] for the incorporation probability of As, as a function of film-growth temperature and As acceleration energy, in Si films grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
A Quad-Band GSM/GPRS/EDGE SoC in 65 nm CMOS (2011)

A quad-band 2.5G SoC integrating all the RF, DSP, ARM, audio and other baseband processing functions into a single 65 nm CMOS die is described. The paper focuses on the radio portion mostly, and addresses the challenges of realizing a complete GSM/EDGE SoC with the RF integrated along with the rest of digital baseband circuitry. Several circuit level as well as architectural techniques are presented to realize a very low-cost and low-power 2.5G radio while meeting the stringent cellular requirements with wide margin. The radio draws a battery current of 49 mA in the receiver-mode, and 86/77 mA in the GMSK/8PSK transmit-mode. The low-IF receiver achieves a sensitivity of -110 dBm at the antenna, corresponding to a noise figure of 2.4 dB at the device input. The 8PSK±400 kHz modulation mask is - 64.1/62.7 dBc for high/low bands, with an RMS EVM of 2.45/1.95%. The radio core area is 3.95 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Development of Low-Frequency Tone Burst versus the Click Auditory Brainstem Response (2005)

Often ABR threshold testing employs clicks to assess high-frequency hearing, and low-frequency tone bursts to assess low-frequency sensitivity. While a maturation effect has been shown for click stimuli, similar data are lacking for low-frequency toneburst stimuli. Thus, 305 infants ranging in conceptional age (CA) from 33 weeks to 74 weeks were tested. Absolute latencies were measured for wave V at 55, 35, and 25 dB nHL in response to a click and for wave V500 in response to a 500 Hz tone burst. Major wave latency in response to 500 Hz tone bursts decreases with age and do not stabilize by 70 weeks CA. Likewise, waves III and V latencies in response to clicks decrease with age, as has been reported by others, and do not stabilize by 70 weeks CA. Wave I latency produced by clicks did not decrease with age, being mature by 33 weeks CA.
ISIS: interaction sites identified from sequence (2007)

Here we present a machine learning-based method that identifies interacting residues from sequence alone. Although the method is developed using transient protein-protein interfaces from complexes of experimentally known 3D structures, it never explicitly uses 3D information. Instead, we combine predicted structural features with evolutionary information. The strongest predictions of the method reached over 90% accuracy in a cross-validation experiment. Our results suggest that despite the significant diversity in the nature of protein-protein interactions, they all share common basic principles and that these principles are identifiable from sequence alone.
Context-based arithmetic encoding of 2D shape sequences (2002)

A new method for shape coding in object-based video sequences is presented. Context-based arithmetic encoding, as used in JBIG, is utilised within a block-based framework and further extended in order to make efficient use of temporal prediction. It is shown to be a simple, efficient and elegant solution.
Derivation of Reliable Geometries in QM Calculations of DNA Structures: Explicit Solvent QM/MM and Restrained Implicit Solvent QM Optimizations of G-Quadruplexes (2016)

Modern dispersion-corrected DFT methods have made it possible to perform reliable QM studies on complete nucleic acid (NA) building blocks having hundreds of atoms. Such calculations, although still limited to investigations of potential energy surfaces, enhance the portfolio of computational methods applicable to NAs and offer considerably more accurate intrinsic descriptions of NAs than standard MM. However, in practice such calculations are hampered by the use of implicit solvent environments and truncation of the systems. Conventional QM optimizations are spoiled by spurious intramolecular interactions and severe structural deformations. Here we compare two approaches designed to suppress such artifacts: partially restrained continuum solvent QM and explicit solvent QM/MM optimizations. We report geometry relaxations of a set of diverse double-quartet guanine quadruplex (GQ) DNA stems. Both methods provide neat structures without major artifacts. However, each one also has distinct weaknesses. In restrained optimizations, all errors in the target geometries (i.e., low-resolution X-ray and NMR structures) are transferred to the optimized geometries. In QM/MM, the initial solvent configuration causes some heterogeneity in the geometries. Nevertheless, both approaches represent a decisive step forward compared to conventional optimizations. We refine earlier computations that revealed sizable differences in the relative energies of GQ stems computed with AMBER MM and QM. We also explore the dependence of the QM/MM results on the applied computational protocol.
Human intrahepatic regulatory T cells are functional, require IL‐2 from effector cells for survival, and are susceptible to Fas ligand‐mediated apoptosis (2016)

Recruitment through endothelium does not impair Treg stability, but a proinflammatory microenvironment deficient in IL-2 leads to impaired function and increased susceptibility of Treg to epithelial cell-induced Fas-mediated apoptosis. These results provide a mechanism to explain Treg dysfunction in inflamed tissues and suggest that IL-2 supplementation, particularly if used in conjunction with Treg therapy, could restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory and autoimmune liver disease. (Hepatology 2016;64:138-150).
Non-extractive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(v) in alloys and environmental, biological and soil samples using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (1995)

An ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive spectrophotometric method is presented for the rapid determination of vanadium(v) at trace levels using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) as a new spectrophotometric reagent (lambda max = 400 nm) in slightly acidic solution (0.00015-0.016 mol-1 sulfuric acid). The reaction is instantaneous and the absorbance remains stable for over 48 h. The average molar absorption coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 6.1 x 10(3) l mol-1 cm-1 and 0.015 micrograms cm-2 of Vv, respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.1-20 micrograms ml-1 of Vv: the stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:3 (V:DBHQ). Large excesses of over 50 cations, anions and complexing agents (e.g., tartrate, oxalate, citrate, phosphate, thio-urea, SCN-) do not interfere in the determination. The method was successfully used in the determination of vanadium in several Standard Reference Materials (alloys and steels) as well as in some environmental waters (potable and polluted), biological samples (human blood and urine), soil samples and complex synthetic mixtures. The method has high precision and accuracy (s = +/- 0.01 for 0.5 micrograms ml-1).
Sodium alginate oligosaccharides from brown algae inhibit Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens (2011)

The effects of sodium alginate oligosaccharides (sAO) on growth performance, cecal microbiota, Salmonella translocation to internal organs, and mucosal immune responses to challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in broiler chickens were investigated. We designed an experiment with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, in which 3 feed treatments with supplementation of sAO at 0 (controls), 0.04, or 0.2% were provided in the diet for birds not challenged or challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. There were 5 randomly placed replicate pens for each treatment. At 8 to 12 d of age, one-half the poults were orally gavaged with 10(8) cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis and the nonchallenged groups were inoculated with sterile PBS. Body weight loss and mortality resulting from Salmonella infection were mitigated by the addition of sAO. Supplementation of sAO at 0.2% was the most effective concentration for reducing Salmonella colonization and increasing the number of lactic acid bacteria in the cecum of chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Cecal Salmonella Enteritidis-specific IgA production was significantly increased by sAO at 0.2% at 5 d postchallenge compared with the other treatments and was maintained at higher levels at the 2 dosages of sAO at 10 d postchallenge. With Salmonella Enteritidis challenge, sAO at 0.04% showed an anti-inflammatory effect through upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10 expression in the cecal tonsils. The supplementation level of 0.2% showed dramatic immunostimulatory activity by inducing interferon-γ, IL-10, and IL-1β mRNA expression in cecal tonsils of nonchallenged birds. However, the high level of sAO induced a robust mucosal immune response in the absence of a challenge, and this may have led to a decline in BW. These findings suggest that dietary sAO can decrease Salmonella colonization and improve intestinal barrier function and performance of chickens.
Understanding human motion patterns (2002)

This paper addresses the recognition of human motion patterns. We represent the human body structure in the silhouette by a stick figure model. The human motion, thus, can be recorded as a sequence of the stick figure parameters, which can be used as input of a motion pattern analyzer. The recognition of human motion pattern is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a model-driven approach is used to track human motions. This is, in fact, finding the stick figure model which represents the human silhouette in each frame. In the second stage, a BP neural network classifies motions of the stick figures into three categories: walking, running and other motions. We transform the time sequence of stick figure parameters into Fourier domain by DFT, and use only the first four Fourier components as the input of the neural network.
Enhancement of mitomycin C cytotoxicity to hypoxic tumor cells by dicoumarol in vivo and in vitro. (1985)

Previous work by our laboratories demonstrated that dicoumarol can increase the enzymatic activation of mitomycin C (MC) to alkylating species by tumor cell sonicates under hypoxic conditions. To determine whether this increased generation of reactive metabolites would result in increased cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of this combination on the viability of EMT6 cells treated in vitro under hypoxic and oxygenated conditions. Dicoumarol increased the cytotoxicity of MC to these neoplastic cells under hypoxic conditions and decreased the toxicity of the antibiotic to aerobic cells. These findings suggested that dicoumarol might enhance the toxicity of MC to the hypoxic cells of solid tumors, without increasing the toxic side effects of the antibiotic to the host. Treatment of EMT6 tumor-bearing animals with both dicoumarol and MC significantly decreased the survival of the radioresistant hypoxic tumor cells from that obtained with MC alone. In contrast, the leukopenia produced by the antibiotic was not exacerbated by the addition of dicoumarol. These results suggest that a treatment regimen combining dicoumarol and MC might be a useful adjunct to radiation therapy for the eradication of the radioresistant hypoxic cells in solid tumors.
User interface layout with ordinal and linear constraints (2006)

User interfaces as well as documents use tabular layout mechanisms. The HTML table construct and the GridBag layout in Java are typical examples. There are, however, shortcomings of these mechanisms that become obvious with more advanced content like semi-structured data or object-oriented models. We present a generalized table construct that solves these shortcomings and generalizes tabular layouts to a foundation of 2D layout. We describe an algorithm for specifying and rendering user interfaces -- and 2D documents in general -- using simple but expressive mathematical properties. In particular, the new tabular layout is described by ordinal and linear constraints. The ordinal information makes it possible to describe the general structure of a table and merge multiple cells into rectangular areas. The linear constraints allow it to map particular points of the table to particular coordinates or specify the size of areas in an absolute or relative manner. The resulting layout engine is easy to use and can render 2D information in real-time.
Heteroepitaxial Thermal Gradient Solution Growth of GaN (1972)

The growth of single‐crystal epitaxial layers of onto (0001) oriented sapphire substrates from the liquid phase is shown to require three conditions:(i) the partial pressure of in the H2 ambient, greater than the equilibrium pressure, (ii) the growth melt positioned in a thermal gradient to transport the dissolved to the growth interface, and (iii) the control of nucleation by the addition of Bi to the growth melt. Studies of growth at temperatures from 850° to 1050°C show that the layer thickness, , is approximately linear in time and varies with growth temperature and atom fraction of Ga, in the growth melt. When , internal cracks in the basal plane hexagonal directions develop at the layer‐substrate interface and for they propagate to the surface and are thermally etched. A description is given of the interaction of liquid Ga with as a function of and . The low solubility of in Ga ( fraction at 1150°C) prevents useful growth by slow cooling of the melt. The inability to change the electron concentration, , with Zn doping and the decrease of with in the growth melt support but do not unambiguously confirm the model that the native donor is a nitrogen vacancy
[Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by transarterial approach]. (1993)

125 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated by transarterial approach. Of these cases, 25 cases were treated by transarterial infusion of anticarcinogens (TAI), 44 by transarterial infusion of the emulsion of anticarcinogens and ultra fluid lipiodol (LP-TAE), 57 by LP-TAE combined with gelfoam sponge particle embolization (LP-TAE + GS), and 4 by LP-TAE plus surgical resection (LP-TAE + SU), and 41 cases (32.8%) survived more than 2 years, and 28 (22%) were alive with nonviable tumors. The survival rate (SR) of small expansive tumors was 75%, large expansive tumors 39%, diffusive (multifocal and infiltrative) tumors 0%, expansive tumors with diameter of 5-10cm 44%, > 10cm 31%. The SR of hypervascular tumors was 38% and hypovascular tumor 5%. The SR of the tumors with numerous small caliber vessels and deep staining 83%, with draining vein of wide caliber 28%, and with A-V shunt 0%. The SR of the tumors with portal venous tumor thrombi was 2.7% and those without 78%. The SR of the patients classified as grade A of Child's system was 58%, B 32% and C 0%, and that of the patients treated with LP-TAE + GS and LP-TAE + Su wa 65% and 75.0% respectively. The SR of the patients treated 1, 2 and 3 times was 33%, 74% and 75% respectively.
EESM for IEEE 802.16e: WiMaX (2008)

For Link Level interfacing packet switched simulation adopt the AVI (actual value interface) approach for mapping the computed SNR to the Block Error Rate (BLER) Statistics. However in OFDM based system the BLER is invariant within Radio transport channel due to fading channel and adjutant bit carriers mapping, rendering the A VI to be inaccurate. Due to large variability of the channel in frequency domain, two links with same average SNR can experience drastically different performance, thus making it difficult to accurately predict the instantaneous link performance such as Frame Error Rate (FER). To overcome this problem with AVI the EESM has been used as a low complexity approach. In this paper the feasibility of EESM as an abstraction method is investigated, and then calibrated and evaluated for Link Level Interface in WiMax System IEEE802.16e.This methods is then extended to handle more advanced link enhancement such as Alamouti encoding. The Exp-ESM method has better accuracy than the existing link error methods, and preferred link error predictor for system simulator.
Intraarticular Interferon- <i>β</i> Gene Therapy Ameliorates Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats (2006)

Interferon (IFN)-beta has significant immunomodulatory properties and has received much interest as a potentially therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systemic IFN-beta treatment of patients with RA was not effective, probably because of pharmacokinetic issues. Therefore, we studied the effect of local IFN-beta production by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to the ankle joints of arthritic rats. Adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats was used as a model to study intraarticular gene therapy with an adenoviral vector encoding the rat IFN-beta gene (Ad.IFN-beta). The effect on paw swelling was measured by water displacement plethysmometry. Synovial tissue of the hind paws was examined by immunohistochemistry. Bone destruction was analyzed on the basis of radiographs. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess IFN-beta expression. Levels of IFN-beta mRNA and protein peaked 2 days after intraarticular injection and declined thereafter. Local delivery of Ad.IFN-beta after the onset of disease reduced paw swelling significantly. This was accompanied by a reduction in synovial inflammation. The clinical effects in rat AA lasted up to 9 days. Strikingly, Ad.IFN-beta treatment protected bone from erosion, reduced levels of c-Cbl and Cbl-b (both signaling molecules essential for osteoclast activity), and reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-3:tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio in the joint. Immunohistochemical analysis of the synovial tissue revealed a clear shift toward a more antiinflammatory cytokine profile. Local overexpression of IFN-beta inhibits arthritis progression and protects against bone destruction in rat AA. These findings validate IFN-beta as a therapeutic molecule for intraarticular gene therapy of arthritis.
Phase 3 Efficacy Analysis of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Trial in Nepal (2019)

A single dose of TCV was immunogenic and effective in reducing <i>S.</i> Typhi bacteremia in children 9 months to 16 years of age. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN43385161.).
Optimization of KOGAS DME Process From Demonstration Long-Term Test (2012)

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a new clean fuel as an environmentally-benign energy resource. DME can be manufactured from various energy sources including natural gas, coal, and biomass. In addition to its environmentally friendly properties, DME has similar characteristics to those of LPG. The aim of this article is to represent the development of new DME process with KOGAS's own technologies. KOGAS has investigated and developed new innovative DME synthesis process from synthesis gas in gaseous phase fixed bed reactor. DME has been traditionally produced by the dehydration of methanol which is produced from syngas, a product of natural gas reforming. This traditional process is thus called the two-step method of preparing DME. However, DME can also be manufactured directly from syngas (single-step). The single-step method needs only one reactor for the synthesis of DME, instead of two for the two-step process. It can also alleviate the thermodynamic limitations associated with the synthesis of methanol, by converting the produced methanol into DME, thereby potentially enhancing the overall conversion of syngas into DME. KOGAS had launched the 10 ton/day DME demonstration plant project in 2004 at Incheon KOGAS LNG terminal. In the mid of 2008, KOGAS had finished the construction of this plant and has successively finished the demonstration plant operation. And since 2008, we have established the basic design of commercial plant which can produce 3,000 ton/day DME.
Query log mining in search engines (2007)

The Web is a huge read-write information space where many items such as documents, images or other multimedia can be accessed. In this context, several information technologies have been developed to help users to satisfy their searching needs on the Web, and the most used are search engines. Search engines allow users to find Web resources formulating queries (a set of terms) and reviewing a list of answers. One of the most challenging goals for the Web community is to design search engines that allow users to find resources semantically connected to their queries. The huge size of the Web and the vagueness of the most commonly used terms to formulate queries still poses a huge problem to achieves this goal. In this thesis we propose to explore the user’s clicks registered in the search engine logs in order to learn how users search and also in order to design algorithms that could improve the precision of the answers suggested to users. We start by exploring the properties of the user’s click data. This exploration allows us to determine the sparse nature of the data providing users behavior models that help us to understand how users search in search engines. Secondly, we will explore the user’s click data to find useful associations among queries registered in the logs. We will focus the efforts on the design of techniques that will allow users to find better queries than the original query. As an application, we will design query reformulation methods that will help users to find more useful terms in order to represent their needs. On using document terms we will build vectorial representations for queries. By applying clustering techniques we are able to compute clusters of similar queries. Using query clusters, we provide techniques for document and query suggestions which allows us to improve the precision of the answer lists. Finally we will design query classification techniques that allow us to find concepts semantically related with the original query. In order to do this, we classify the users’s queries into a Web directory. As an application, we provide methods for the maintenance of the directory.
Phenylacetylglutamin und seine Bildung im menschlichen Körper nach Eingabe von Phenylessigsäure. (1915)

Vor kurzem teilten wir 1 ) mit, daß nach Eingabe von Phenylessigsäure im Harn des Menschen nicht Phenacetursäure (wie bei Hunden und Kaninchen) oder Phenylacetornithursäure (wie bei Vögeln), sondern Phenylacetylglutamin erscheint und teils als Harnstoffverbindung teils als solches isoliert werden kann.Es gelang das Phenylacetylglutamin in die Phenylacetylglutaminsäure überzuführen und die Spaltungsprodukte dieser zu identifizieren.Wir haben uns inzwischen weiter mit diesen Substanzen beschäftigt mit folgenden Ergebnissen.Die spezifische Drehung des Phenylacetylglutamin in 2 bis 4°/oiger wässeriger Lösung ist etwas höher ([a]o = -18°), als wir angegeben.In salzsaurer Lösung nimmt die Drehung etwas zu.Die spezifische Drehung der HarnstoiFverbindung in 3 bis 4 °/oiger wässeriger Lösung ist -14°.Die Phenylacetylglutaminsäure wurde auch krystallisiert erhalten, ihre spezifische Drehung beträgt in 3-10°/oiger wässeriger Lösung -19°.Die synthetische Phenylacetylglutaminsäure (aus d-Glutaminsäure) stimmt mit der natürlichen überein, auch in der spezifischen Drehung, und auch für das synthetische Phenylacetylglutamin (aus d-Glutamin) fanden wir völlige Übereinstimmung mit dem natürlichen.Von den Salzen
Addition of Difluoromethyl Radicals to Glycals:  A New Route to α-<i>CF</i><sub>2</sub>-<scp>d</scp>-Glycosides (2007)

The synthesis of synthetically useful alpha-CF2-glycosides by radical addition of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate onto 2-benzyloxyglycals is described. The methodology provides an access to alpha-O-glycoside mimics and, potentially, to valuable alpha-O-glycoconjugate analogues.