gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatic cytokine response can be modulated using the Kupffer cell blocker gadolinium chloride in obstructive jaundice (2012)

Pre-treatment with GdCl(3) in jaundiced animals reduced Kupffer cell numbers, attenuated liver enzyme abnormalities and reduced TNFα and IL-6 in response to portal endotoxaemia. Hepatic Kupffer cells, therefore, play a significant role in the development of an exaggerated inflammatory response in obstructive jaundice.
Security of sharded NoSQL databases: A comparative analysis (2014)

NoSQL databases are easy to scale-out because of their flexible schema and support for BASE (Basically Available, Soft State and Eventually Consistent) properties. The process of scaling-out in most of these databases is supported by sharding which is considered as the key feature in providing faster reads and writes to the database. However, securing the data sharded over various servers is a challenging problem because of the data being distributedly processed and transmitted over the unsecured network. Though, extensive research has been performed on NoSQL sharding mechanisms but no specific criterion has been defined to analyze the security of sharded architecture. This paper proposes an assessment criterion comprising various security features for the analysis of sharded NoSQL databases. It presents a detailed view of the security features offered by NoSQL databases and analyzes them with respect to proposed assessment criteria. The presented analysis helps various organizations in the selection of appropriate and reliable database in accordance with their preferences and security requirements.
Vehicle Security Detection System Based on Cloud Computing (2012)

Aiming at the limitations of massive data process and multi-task parallelization in traditional vehicle detection system, a distributed parallel vehicle detection system based on cloud computing platform was proposed. The system took HDFS from Hadoop cloud computing platform, optimized access speed and enhanced systematic fault-tolerance, it paralleled the ensemble classification algorithm in data streams with MapReduce programming model, improved classification efficiency, it constructed SOA with web service technology. The application shows that this system runs effectively, stably and accurately. The technology and methods adopted in the system are practical and worthy of using abroad.
Isolation and characterization of plasma lipoproteins of common marmoset monkey. Comparison of effects of control and atherogenic diets. (1990)

This study examines the potential of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) to serve as a model for human lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. The lipoproteins of animals fed a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and a high-fat (12% wt/wt lard), high-cholesterol (0.34% wt/wt) diet were characterized by the combination of sequential ultracentrifugation and Pevikon block electrophoresis. Based on chemical and physical properties, equivalents of human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL), including and HDL-with apolipoprotein E subclass, were demonstrated. In control animals, whose plasma cholesterol concentration was 140.1 +/- 20.2 mg/dl (means +/- SD), approximately 40% of the plasma cholesterol was transported by LDL as compared with approximately 70% in humans. The cholesterol-fed marmosets segregated into two groups: hypo- and hyper-responders. The hyper-responders had plasma cholesterol levels of 450 to 970 mg/ml. The hypercholesterolemia was associated with elevated concentrations of VLDL, intermediate density lipoproteins, and LDL; in addition, these lipoproteins were enriched in cholesteryl esters relative to lipoproteins isolated from control animals. The HDL (d greater than 1.09 g/ml) levels did not change in response to cholesterol feeding, although the HDL-with apolipoprotein E found in the d = 1.02 to 1.09 g/ml fraction increased approximately fivefold. Based on immunological characteristics and sialic acid content, the common marmoset appeared to lack a lipoprotein(a) equivalent. The results of a short-term feeding study (11 months) suggest that this monkey was susceptible to the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis. The hyper-responsive animals developed foam cell lesions and moderately proliferative intimal lesions, predominantly within the thoracic aorta. In summary, the results of our studies indicate that the common marmoset monkey potentially is a useful model for the study of both lipoprotein metabolism and diet-induced atherosclerosis.
Material Design of GaN-Based Ferromagnetic Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (2001)

Material design of GaN-based ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductors is given based on ab initio calculations within the local spin density approximation. The electronic structure of 3 d -transition-metal-atom-doped GaN was calculated by the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method combined with the coherent potential approximation. It was found that the ferromagnetic ground states were readily achievable in V-, Cr- or Mn-doped GaN without any additional carrier doping treatments. A simple explanation on the systematic behavior of the magnetic states in GaN-based diluted magnetic semiconductors is also given.
Highly Conductive Aromatic Ionomers with Perfluorosulfonic Acid Side Chains for Elevated Temperature Fuel Cells (2011)

A versatile and facile synthetic approach to a new class of ionomers with rigid aromatic backbone and pendant perfluorinated sulfonic acid groups is described. Characterization of the prepared polymers has been carefully carried out by 1H and 19F NMR, elemental analysis, intrinsic viscosity, TGA and DSC. It is shown that the perfluorosulfonic acids greatly enhance the proton conductivity of ionomers under high temperature and low humidity conditions. The aromatic ionomers exhibit comparable proton conductivity to Nafion over a wide humidity range at elevated temperatures, while maintaining other outstanding properties of aromatic polymers, e.g. low gas permeability, excellent thermal and chemical stability and good mechanical properties. It is also demonstrated that the maximum power density and current density of the aromatic ionomers are 30% and 43% higher, respectively, than those of Nafion in initial fuel cell tests at 120 °C.
Substrate Recognition Mechanism of Thermophilic Dual-Substrate Enzyme (2001)

Aspartate aminotransferase from an extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB8 (ttAspAT), has been believed to be specific for an acidic substrate. However, stepwise introduction of mutations in the active-site residues finally changed its substrate specificity to that of a dual-substrate enzyme. The final mutant, [S15D, T17V, K109S, S292R] ttAspAT, is active toward both acidic and hydrophobic substrates. During the course of stepwise mutation, the activities toward acidic and hydrophobic substrates changed independently. The introduction of a mobile Arg292* residue into ttAspAT was the key step in the change to a "dual-substrate" enzyme. The substrate recognition mechanism of this thermostable "dual-substrate" enzyme was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. This work together with previous studies on various enzymes suggest that this unique "dual-substrate recognition" mechanism is a feature of not only aminotransferases but also other enzymes.
Studies in 2-acetylaminofluorene carcinogenesis. III. The utilization of uracil-2-C14 by preneoplastic rat liver and rat hepatoma. (1954)

Summary 1.During the process of hepatic carcinogenesis (rat) by 2-acetylaminofluorene (preneoplastic liver and hepatoma), exogenous uracil is utilized for nucleic acid formation. No such utilization occurs in normal rats. 2.The uracil is an effective precursor of uridylic acid but not of the purine nucleotides. 3.Uracil does not serve as a precursor of the desoxypentose pyrimidine nucleotides in either preneoplastic liver or hepatoma.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: From Gene Structure to Pathogenic Mechanisms and Potential Therapy (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerging respiratory virus with high morbidity, which was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has triggered a series of threats to global public health. Even worse, new cases of COVID-19 infection are still increasing rapidly. Therefore, it is imperative that various effective vaccines and drugs should be developed to prevent and treat COVID-19 and reduce the serious impact on human beings. For this purpose, detailed information about the pathogenesis of COVID-19 at the cellular and molecular levels is urgently needed. In this review, we summarized the current understanding on gene structure, protein function, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the above, we refined the correlations among gene structure, protein function, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we further discussed potential therapeutic targets, aiming to accelerate the advanced design and development of vaccines and therapeutic drugs against COVID-19.
Effects of Phase Noise on OFDM Systems With and Without PLL: Characterization and Compensation (2007)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for suppressing intercarrier interference due to phase noise in coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The algorithm approximates the phase-noise waveform by using a Fourier series approximation for the current phase-noise realization. Thereby, it cancels the effects of the phase noise beyond the standard common phase error correction used in contemporary OFDM standards. The algorithm requires that the correlation properties of the intercarrier interference are known. We calculate these properties in terms of the phase-noise spectral correlation matrix for both <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Wiener</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ornstein-Uhlenbeck</i> phase-noise models, respectively. This modeling corresponds to a free-running oscillator, as well as a phase-locked loop realization of the local oscillator in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transceivers. For both transceiver configurations, we investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm. It is demonstrated that the new algorithm achieves as much as one order of magnitude better performance in terms of packet/bit error rate when compared to a receiver with only the common phase error suppression.
DAPI as a Useful Stain for Nuclear Quantitation (1991)

A simple-to-use fluorescent stain, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), visualizes nuclear DNA in both living and fixed cells. DAPI staining was used to determine the number of nuclei and to assess gross cell morphology. Following light microscopic analyses, the stained cells were processed for electron microscopy. Cells stained with DAPI showed no ultrastructural changes compared to the appearance of cells not stained with DAPI. DAPI staining allows multiple use of cells eliminating the need for duplicate samples.
Preparation and polymerization of some vinyl monomers containing the 1,3‐dioxolane group (1967)

Abstract The synthesis and structure determinations of (2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐methyl acrylate, 4‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl itaconate, and [(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl] methyl fumarate are described. Reactivity ratios in the copolymerization of these monomers with other comonomers are reported and the Alfrey‐Price Q and e values calculated. The post‐polymerization study of the effects of ultraviolet light and heat on these polymers and copolymers is presented. The 1,3‐dioxolane group when appended to the polymer chain performs as an internal ultraviolet sensitizer. A mechanism is offered to explain the crosslinking behavior of these polymers when treated with ultraviolet light.
Performance evaluation of bandwidth partitioning in broadband networks (2002)

The capability to optimally allocate network resources such as bandwidth is a key to the economical viability of modern telecommunication networks. Requirements such as, adaptive updating of bandwidth allocations to track dynamical load variations, and preferential treatment for some services at the expense of others, based on economic considerations, however, add to the complexity of the task. We propose a framework of an integrated traffic engineering system that caters to these requirements. Based on the current global network state, the system projects the future network state and determines optimal bandwidth partitioning among the competing services that maximizes network revenue while maintaining prescribed QoS (quality of service) in broadband networks. The functionality of the system within the network management infrastructure is discussed. The emphasis, however, is on highlighting the mathematical model used to evaluate the impact of various bandwidth access control policies on the call level QoS parameters such as call blocking probability, call dropping probability and throughput. Some priority based bandwidth access control policies are also defined and compared with conventional policies such as CS (complete sharing), CP (complete partitioning) and PS (partial sharing). A comparative analysis of conventional as well as priority based policies is conducted. Some simulation results are presented that reflect upon the effectiveness of priority based policies. This performance evaluation derives the engineering methods that are subsequently used to plan and dimension the networks. There are two main contributions of this work. One is the precise formulations developed to predict call level QoS parameters based on the particular policy of bandwidth partitioning. The other is the proposed, traffic measurement and engineering based, framework of the system, which is quite practical and consolidated.
Pharyngeal Size in Snorers, Nonsnorers, and Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1986)

We measured pharyngeal cross-sectional area and its change with alterations in lung volume in 10 subjects who snored and had obstructive sleep apnea, 6 subjects who snored and did not have obstructive sleep apnea, and 9 subjects who did not snore. Pharyngeal area was measured with use of an acoustic-reflection technique. We found that snorers with and without sleep apnea had a significantly smaller mean (+/- SE) pharyngeal cross-sectional area (4.1 +/- 0.2 and 3.7 +/- 0.9 cm2, respectively) at functional residual capacity than nonsnorers (5.4 +/- 0.5 cm2, P less than 0.025). When lung volume decreased from functional residual capacity to residual volume, both nonsnorers and snorers with sleep apnea had a decrease in pharyngeal area (from 5.4 +/- 0.5 to 4.5 +/- 0.4 cm2 and 4.1 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 0.2 cm2, respectively), whereas snorers without sleep apnea had no such decrease, suggesting that their pharynxes were less collapsible at low lung volumes. We conclude that snorers with and without sleep apnea have smaller pharyngeal cross-sectional areas than nonsnorers and that snorers with sleep apnea have a further decrease as lung volume falls.
MEMRISTOR OSCILLATORS (2008)

The memristor has attracted phenomenal worldwide attention since its debut on 1 May 2008 issue of Nature in view of its many potential applications, e.g. super-dense nonvolatile computer memory and neural synapses. The Hewlett–Packard memristor is a passive nonlinear two-terminal circuit element that maintains a functional relationship between the time integrals of current and voltage, respectively, viz. charge and flux. In this paper, we derive several nonlinear oscillators from Chua's oscillators by replacing Chua's diodes with memristors.
Improving Primary Care for Patients With Chronic Illness (2002)

This article reviews research evidence showing to what extent the chronic care model can improve the management of chronic conditions (using diabetes as an example) and reduce health care costs. Thirty-two of 39 studies found that interventions based on chronic care model components improved at least 1 process or outcome measure for diabetic patients. Regarding whether chronic care model interventions can reduce costs, 18 of 27 studies concerned with 3 examples of chronic conditions (congestive heart failure, asthma, and diabetes) demonstrated reduced health care costs or lower use of health care services. Even though the chronic care model has the potential to improve care and reduce costs, several obstacles hinder its widespread adoption.
Kaposi's sarcoma in patients infected with human virus (HIV): an overview. (1995)

The emergence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among patients with HIV infection has raised a number of unsolved questions. The particular epidemiology and the etiology of KS remain unclear while both inflammatory cytokines and HIV-derived proteins appear to be involved in its pathogenesis as shown with the aid of in vitro KS-like cell cultures of animal models. Since KS rarely occurs among HIV-positive Caucasian females, sexual hormones, especially beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, have recently been reported as providing theoretically some protection against KS both in vitro and in vivo. All these aspects will be detailed as well as the therapeutic approaches which still remain unsatisfactory. So far, there is no curative treatment for KS and drug-induced toxicity is the limiting factor for the prolonged use of the current approaches. Perspectives for therapy will be discussed.
Teaching Thinking Skills in E-Learning --Application of The Bloom's Taxonomy (2005)

Educational institutions worldwide are recognizing that teaching core subjects alone is not sufficient to equip students for the knowledge economy. To be prepared for the demands of the knowledge economy, students “need to know how to use their knowledge and skills-by thinking critically, applying knowledge to new situations, analyzing information, comprehending new ideas, communicating, collaborating, solving problems, and making decisions.” [1]. One important skill students need to have is 'thinking skills'. Thinking skills is defined as “thinking creatively, making decisions, solving problems, seeing things in the mind's eye, knowing how to learn and reasoning.” [2]. In 1956, Benjamin Bloom and his team of educational psychologists, developed a hierarchy, popularly referred to as “Bloom's Taxonomy”, to categorize 6 levels of thinking.

In this paper, we will briefly explain this taxonomy, using examples from the Learning Objects developed by ITE to illustrate how we design and develop online learning activities that are aimed at helping students to develop thinking skills.
Secondary structure prediction with support vector machines (2003)

Abstract Motivation: A new method that uses support vector machines (SVMs) to predict protein secondary structure is described and evaluated. The study is designed to develop a reliable prediction method using an alternative technique and to investigate the applicability of SVMs to this type of bioinformatics problem. Methods: Binary SVMs are trained to discriminate between two structural classes. The binary classifiers are combined in several ways to predict multi-class secondary structure. Results: The average three-state prediction accuracy per protein (Q3) is estimated by cross-validation to be 77.07 ± 0.26% with a segment overlap (Sov) score of 73.32 ± 0.39%. The SVM performs similarly to the 'state-of-the-art' PSIPRED prediction method on a non-homologous test set of 121 proteins despite being trained on substantially fewer examples. A simple consensus of the SVM, PSIPRED and PROFsec achieves significantly higher prediction accuracy than the individual methods. Availability: The SVM classifier is available from the authors. Work is in progress to make the method available on-line and to integrate the SVM predictions into the PSIPRED server.
The 1.5-Å Structure of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum Zinc β-Lactamase in Complex with the Inhibitor, D-Captopril (2003)

The crystal structure of the class-B beta-lactamase, BlaB, from the pathogenic bacterium, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, in complex with the inhibitor, d-captopril, has been solved at 1.5-A resolution. The enzyme has the typical alphabeta/betaalpha metallo-beta-lactamase fold and the characteristic two metal binding sites of members of the subclass B1, in which two Zn2+ ions were identified. d-Captopril, a diastereoisomer of the commercial drug, captopril, acts as an inhibitor by displacing the catalytic hydroxyl ion required for antibiotic hydrolysis and intercalating its sulfhydryl group between the two Zn2+ ions. Interestingly, d-captopril is located on one side of the active site cleft. The x-ray structure of the complex of the closely related enzyme, IMP-1, with a mercaptocarboxylate inhibitor, which also contains a sulfhydryl group bound to the two Zn2+ ions, shows the ligand to be located on the opposite side of the active site cleft. A molecule generated by fusion of these two inhibitors would cover the entire cleft, suggesting an interesting approach to the design of highly specific inhibitors.
Einstieg in Deep Reinforcement Learning (2020)

You have accessEinstieg in Deep Reinforcement LearningOct 2020Einstieg in Deep Reinforcement LearningKI-Agenten mit Python und PyTorch programmierenAlexander Zai, Brandon BrownAlexander ZaiSearch for more papers by this author, Brandon BrownSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446466081.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: I-XVPrint ISBN: 978-3-446-45900-7eISBN: 978-3-446-46608-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2020 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
A Survey of Clock Distribution Techniques Including Optical and RF Networks (2013)

Clock distribution has become an increasingly challenging problem for VLSI designs, consuming an increasing fraction of resources such as wiring, power, and design time. Power consumption of up to 40% 50% has been reported on clock distribution. Unwanted differences or uncertainties in clock network delays degrade performance or cause functional errors. Although there are lots of other techniques and research in clock distribution networks, in this report a detailed study of wireless and optical clock distributions is performed and compared with the conventional clock distribution technique. These techniques employ either transmitter/receiver or optical fiber to distribute clock signal to entire chip, so that there is a reduction in interconnecting wires which reduces the total load capacitance of the clock distribution network. Finally some future work is discussed on these techniques.
Rapid Construction of Multisubstituted Olefin Structures Using Vinylboronate Ester Platform Leading to Highly Fluorescent Materials (2004)

[reaction: see text] A catalytic one-pot triarylation on the C=C core of vinylboronate pinacol ester (1) produces extended pi-systems based on a multisubstituted olefin structure very rapidly. We established an efficient protocol for the Pd-catalyzed double C-H arylation of 1 with aryl halides, which was successfully integrated with C-B arylation with aryl halides (cross-coupling) in one pot. By using this method, several highly fluorescent materials with a wide range of color variations (blue to red) were discovered.
The sealing effect of fibrin glue against alveolar air leakage evaluated up to 48h; comparison between different methods of application (2005)

The results show that the sealing effect of fibrin glue is relatively unstable up to 12h after its application. Rubbing and spray method may help the fibrin seal to reach its full strength faster compared with the other two methods.