gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) membrane (M) protein inhibits type I and III interferon production by targeting RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread worldwide and has affected more than 10 million individuals. A typical feature of COVID-19 is the suppression of type I and III interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral immunity. However, the molecular mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 evades antiviral immunity remains elusive. Here, we reported that the SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein inhibits the production of type I and III IFNs induced by the cytosolic dsRNA-sensing pathway mediated by RIG-I/MDA-5-MAVS signaling. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 M protein suppresses type I and III IFN induction stimulated by SeV infection or poly (I:C) transfection. Mechanistically, the SARS-CoV-2 M protein interacts with RIG-I, MAVS, and TBK1, thus preventing the formation of the multiprotein complex containing RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3, and TBK1 and subsequently impeding the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and activation of IRF3. Consequently, ectopic expression of the SARS-CoV-2 M protein facilitates the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Taken together, these results indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 M protein antagonizes type I and III IFN production by targeting RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling, which subsequently attenuates antiviral immunity and enhances viral replication. This study provides insight into the interpretation of SARS-CoV-2-induced antiviral immune suppression and illuminates the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19.
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS FOLLOWING THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF UNRELATED DISEASE (1947)

FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY OF THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL AND CORNELL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE New York, N. Y.
A Monoclonal Antibody Against Leptin (2012)

Leptin is an important protein that regulates energy storage and homeostasis in humans and animals. Leptin deficiency results in various abnormalities such as diabetes, obesity, and infertility. Producing a high affinity monoclonal antibody against human leptin provides an important tool to monitor and trace leptin function in different biological fluids. In this study, recombinant human leptin was conjugated to KLH and injected into mice. After immunization, mouse myeloma SP2/0 cells were fused with murine splenocytes followed by selection of antibody-producing hybridoma cells. After screening of different hybridoma colonies by ELISA, a high affinity antibody was selected and purified by affinity chromatography. The affinity constant of the antibody was measured by ELISA. Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry experiments were used to characterize the antibody. The anti-leptin antibody had a high affinity (around 1.13 × 10(-9) M) for its antigen. The saturation of the antibody with leptin (20 moles leptin per 1 mole antibody) in Western blot analysis proved that the antibody had specific binding to its antigen. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry on JEG-3 (human placental choriocarcinoma cell) cells revealed that the anti-leptin antibody recognized intracellular leptin. In conclusion, we report here the production and characterization of a murine anti-leptin antibody with high affinity for human leptin.
Adiposity in Relation to Vitamin D Status and Parathyroid Hormone Levels: A Population-Based Study in Older Men and Women (2005)

Objective: In small case-control studies, obesity was associated with worse vitamin D status. Our aim was to assess the association of adiposity (anthropometric measures as well as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and serum PTH levels in a large population-based study including older men and women. Methods: Subjects were participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and were aged 65 yr and older. In 453 participants, serum 25-OH-D and PTH were determined, and body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, sum of skin folds, and total body fat percentage by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured.
An Automatic Scenario Control in Serious Game to Visualize Tourism Destinations Recommendation (2021)

In the field of tourism, serious games are a pedagogical media application that helps players develop travel knowledge and expertise based on game content. A tourism serious game requires a scenario control system to visualize an attractive travel scenario. This paper proposes an Automatic Scenario Control in the serious game to visualize travel recommendation scenarios choice according to the player's expectations of potential tourism destinations criteria. There are two stages in system development, namely scenario design and scenario selection. In the scenario design stage, we use the Hierarchical Finite State Machine to translate challenge-based stories according to the type of attraction. While at the scenario selection stage, Dynamic Weight Topsis is a method for selecting one of the player's recommended scenarios. This study uses tourism destinations recommendations as to alternative variables, characteristics of tourism destinations as criteria, and players' expectations of tourism destinations' characteristics as weight criteria. In the implementation phase, the tourism serious game uses the content of tourism destinations in Mojokerto Indonesia. The test results show that Automatic Scenario Control generates a preference value for each alternative as a reference for choosing tourism destination scenarios for the player. Three things affect the scenario choice results, including the choice of month of tourist visits, player expectations of tourist destinations, and alternative input from the recommender system.
The potential pharmacological and toxicological impact of P450 screening. (2001)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins catalyze the majority of drug biotransformations and play a pivotal role in several homeostatic mechanisms. Perturbation of CYP activity can have profound effects on therapeutic efficacy and in extreme cases may lead to life-threatening toxicities. The trend towards front loading physicochemical properties, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), in an attempt to minimize the attrition within drug development, has been a concentrated effort on screens aimed at optimizing interactions with the CYP system. These include improving metabolic stability and minimizing the potential for drug-drug interactions associated with marked reductions (inhibition) or increases (induction) in CYP activity. Increased emphasis on the identification of individual CYPs responsible for drug metabolism is also a common theme, with the desire to provide early alerts to compounds cleared predominantly by polymorphic enzymes or isozymes which demonstrate marked inter-subject variability. These data may provide a rationale for individualized therapy in the near future. Such screens should see the establishment of large databases and better in silico (if not in cerebro) prediction of properties typically associated with successful marketed therapies.
Robust Linearized Image Reconstruction for Multifrequency EIT of the Breast (2008)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a developing imaging modality that is beginning to show promise for detecting and characterizing tumors in the breast. At Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, we have developed a combined EIT-tomosynthesis system that allows for the coregistered and simultaneous analysis of the breast using EIT and X-ray imaging. A significant challenge in EIT is the design of computationally efficient image reconstruction algorithms which are robust to various forms of model mismatch. Specifically, we have implemented a scaling procedure that is robust to the presence of a thin highly-resistive layer of skin at the boundary of the breast and we have developed an algorithm to detect and exclude from the image reconstruction electrodes that are in poor contact with the breast. In our initial clinical studies, it has been difficult to ensure that all electrodes make adequate contact with the breast, and thus procedures for the use of data sets containing poorly contacting electrodes are particularly important. We also present a novel, efficient method to compute the Jacobian matrix for our linearized image reconstruction algorithm by reducing the computation of the sensitivity for each voxel to a quadratic form. Initial clinical results are presented, showing the potential of our algorithms to detect and localize breast tumors.
Binge Ethanol‐Drinking Potentiates Corticotropin Releasing Factor <scp>R</scp>1 Receptor Activity in the Ventral Tegmental Area (2013)

Altered CRF1 receptor-mediated signaling in the VTA promotes binge-like EtOH consumption in mice, which supports the idea that CRF1 receptors may therefore be a promising pharmacological target for reducing binge drinking in humans.
Permeation Studies and Histological Examination of Sheep Nasal Mucosa Following Administration of Different Nasal Formulations with or without Absorption Enhancers (2008)

This study was designed to investigate the possible histological effects of different intranasal (IN) formulations of indomethacin (IND) on nasal mucosa in sheep. For this purpose, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion (E) and solution (S) formulations including 3 mg/mL of IND were prepared. Penetration enhancers such as polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), citric acid (CA) and sodium taurocholate (NaT) were added to emulsion (1%) at the final step into the formulations. First, the effect of penetration enhancers on permeation of IND was evaluated by in vitro permeation studies in which sheep nasal mucosa was used. According to the permeation studies PVP showed the highest enhancing effect on the permeation rate of IND from sheep nasal mucosa. Furthermore, the IND permeation from E containing PVP (1.624 +/- 0.045 mg) was significantly higher than that obtained from E (0.234 +/- 0.012 mg) (p < 0.05). For the histological studies, white Karaman sheep of approximately 20 +/- 5 kg, aged 4 to 8 months were used. They were randomly divided into eight groups, each including three sheep. Five experimental groups received different formulations of IND emulsion without/ with penetration enhancers (E-PVP, E-CA, E-NaT, E) and IND solution (S), respectively. Parallel controls were composed of either untreated groups and were given blank emulsion or isotonic sodium chloride solution (0.31 mg/kg). 2 mL of each experimental formulation was applied to both nostrils of sheep, and 1/3 central and lower regions of the nose were dissected and prepared for light microscopy. Specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori's trichrome were examined by light microscopy. No signs of inflammation or erosion were noticed in the nasal mucosa of the control groups. Widened epithelial intercellular spaces were noticed in E-CA, E-NaT, and E-PVP groups as well with the E-PVP group showing the largest intraepithelial separations. E-CA and E-NaT groups showed significant decrease in the amount of goblet cells, while hypoplasia was considerably moderate in the E-PVP group. Finally, intranasal administration of IND emulsion with PVP may be considered as an alternative to intravenous and per oral administrations of IND to overcome their adverse effects.
A method for deconvolution of integrated electronic portal images to obtain incident fluence for dose reconstruction (2005)

A method to convert integrated electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images to fluence for the purpose of reconstructing the dose to a phantom is investigated here for simple open fields. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a method to reconstruct the dose to patients. The EPID images are transformed into incident intensity fluence by spatial filtering with a deconvolution kernel. The kernel uses a general mathematical form derived from a Monte Carlo calculation of the point spread function of an EPID. The deconvolution kernel is fitted using a downhill search algorithm that minimizes the difference between the reconstructed dose and the dose measured in water. The beam profile "horns" that are removed by the EPID calibration procedure are restored to the resulting images by direct multiplication using the measured in-air off-axis ratio. Applying the fitted kernel to an EPID image provides the incident fluence for that beam. This beam fluence is then entered into an independent dose calculation algorithm for phantom or patient dose reconstruction. The phantom dose was computed to an accuracy of 2.0% of the dmax dose at one standard deviation. The method is general and can possibly be applied to any EPID equipped with an integration mode. We demonstrate the application of the fitted kernel in two clinical IMRT cases.
Efficacy of mGlu<sub>2</sub>‐positive allosteric modulators alone and in combination with levetiracetam in the mouse 6 Hz model of psychomotor seizures (2017)

These studies suggest a potential positive pharmacodynamic effect of mGlu<sub>2</sub> -acting compounds in combination with LEV. If this effect is translated in a clinical setting, it can support a rational polypharmacy concept in treatment of epilepsy patients.
Change in Conformation of Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Scramblase Induced by Occupancy of Its Ca<sup>2+</sup>Binding Site (1998)

Phospholipid (PL) scramblase is a 35.1 kDa plasma membrane protein that mediates the accelerated transbilayer migration of plasma membrane PL in activated, injured, or apoptotic cells exposed to elevated intracellular Ca2+. We recently identified a conserved segment in the PL scramblase polypeptide (residues Asp273 to Asp284) that is essential for its PL-mobilizing function and was presumed to contain the Ca2+ binding site of the protein (Zhou, Q., Sims, P. J., and Wiedmer, T. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 2356-2360). Whereas the sequence of this peptide segment resembles that of known Ca2+-binding loops within EF-hand containing proteins, it is unusual in being a single such loop in the entire protein and in being closely spaced to the predicted transmembrane helix (Ala291-Gly309). To gain insight into how Ca2+ activates the PL-mobilizing function of PL scramblase, we analyzed conformational changes associated with occupancy of this putative Ca2+ binding site. In addition to activation by Ca2+, the PL-mobilizing function of PL scramblase was found to be activated by other ions, with apparent affinities Tb3+, La3+ >> Ca2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ > Sr2+ >> Ba2+, Mg2+. Evidence for coordinate binding of metal ion by the polypeptide was provided by resonance energy transfer from protein Trp to Tb3+, which was competed by excess Ca2+. Metal binding to PL scramblase was accompanied by increased right-angle light scattering and by a prominent change in circular dichroism, suggesting that coordinate binding of the metal ion induces a conformational change that includes self-aggregation of the polypeptide. Consistent with this interpretation, addition of Ca2+ was found to protect PL scramblase from proteolysis by trypsin both in detergent solution as well as in situ, within the erythrocyte membrane. Mutation in the segment Asp273-Asp284 reduced Tb3+ incorporation and attenuated the change in CD spectrum induced by bound metal ligand, confirming that this suspected EF-hand loopike segment of the polypeptide directly contributes to the Ca2+ binding site.
Electrochemical Selective Incorporation of CO2 into Terminal Alkynes and Diynes (2001)

Electrochemical incorporation of CO2 into terminal alkynes and diynes on silver cathodes occurred selectively, to afford monocarboxylic acid derivatives in good yields. The electrolyses were carried out in one-compartment cells fitted with magnesium anodes, under mild conditions.
Dynamics and Kinematics of the Laying and Recovery of Submarine Cable (1957)

This paper is an attempt to formulate a comprehensive theory with which the forces and motions of a submarine cable can be determined in typical laying and recovery situations. In addition to the fundamental case of a cable being laid or recovered with a ship sailing on a perfectly calm sea over a horizontal bottom, the effects of ship motion, varying bottom depth, ocean cross currents, and the problem of cable laying control are considered. Most of the results reduce to simple formulas and graphs. Their application is illustrated by examples.
Synthesis and Properties of 2′-Deoxycytidine Triphosphate Carrying C-Myc Tag Sequence (2000)

The synthesis of 2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate carrying mercaptoethyl groups at position 4 of cytosine is described. This nucleoside triphosphate was reacted with a maleimido-peptide carrying the c-myc tag-sequence to yield a peptide-nucleoside triphosphate chimera. Primer extension studies showed that the nucleoside triphosphate modified with the peptide sequence is incorporated by DNA polymerases opposite guanine.
A Triple Response Method for Determining Biological Value of Phosphorus Sources with Young Turkeys (1966)

A NUMBER of studies have been conducted to determine the availability of phosphorus or biological value of phosphorus sources for chicks and poults. Several research avenues have been followed in the evaluation of phosphorus sources. In spite of these research efforts, or perhaps because of them, there is presently no standard phosphorus assay technique or procedure. Commercial feed manufacturers at times may have difficulty recognizing real differences in phosphorus sources relative to availability or biological value. REVIEW OF PHOSPHORUS BIOASSAY RESEARCH Researchers have tended to disagree on three or four main factors pertinent to phosphorus bioassays. These factors include: (1) type of basal diet, (2) response criterion or criteria used, (3) specie of animal or bird, and (4) length of assay period. It is interesting to note how these factors have varied in previous studies. Gillis et al. (1948) used a purified diet composed largely of corn starch, dried blood …
Leflunomide for Polyomavirus Type BK Nephropathy (2005)

To the Editor: Polyomavirus type BK nephropathy is an aggressively destructive disease occurring in up to 8 percent of patients with renal allografts,1,2 with rates of graft loss within one year of 30 to 65 percent.3,4 There is no therapy with proven efficacy. Leflunomide (Arava), approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is an immunosuppressive drug, yet its active metabolite, A77 1726, has substantial antiviral activity in vitro and in animals.5 From July 2001 to April 2004, we used leflunomide as the initial antiviral therapy in 17 patients with biopsy-proven BK nephropathy. All but one of these patients . . .
Phasor measurement application for power system voltage stability monitoring (2008)

Monitoring voltage stability is an important task for ensuring secure operation of electrical power networks. In this paper, a phasor measurement based voltage stability monitoring scheme is proposed. By using phasor measurement units and transformer tap position changes, voltage stability indices can be computed at load supply points in the operational time scale. Because this scheme is only based on phasor measurements, it is easy to be adopted in real electrical power networks and does not require any information about the system model. The effectiveness of the scheme was validated in a simple power network and also in New England and New York interconnection power system model. The practicality of the approach was further demonstrated in a real-time dynamic simulator.
Dipole—Dipole Interactions in Controlled-Refractive-Index Polymers (1997)

This study compared methacrylate and acrylate polymers to structural analogs with fluorinated ester groups. Two types of relaxations were characterized, the primary relaxation associated with the glass transition and secondary relaxations associated with side group motion and localized segmental motion. Dielectric analysis was used to characterize the response of dipoles to an electric field as a function of temperature. Mechanical properties were analyzed via dynamic mechanical analysis and stress relaxation measurements. Relaxation behavior was interpreted in terms of intermolecular and intramolecular mechanisms.
FDSOI CMOS devices featuring dual strained channel and thin BOX extendable to the 10nm node (2014)

We report FDSOI devices with a 20nm gate length (L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> ) and 5nm spacer, featuring a 20% tensile strained Silicon-on-Insulator (sSOI) channel NFET and 35% [Ge] partially compressive strained SiGe-on-Insulator (SGOI) channel PFET. This work represents the first demonstration of strain reversal of sSOI by SiGe in short channel devices. At V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</inf> of 0.75V, competitive effective current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</inf> ) reaches 550/340 µA/µm for NFET, at I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</inf> of 100/1 nA/µm, respectively. With a fully strained 30% SGOI channel on thin BOX (20nm) substrate and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</inf> of 0.75V, PFET I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</inf> reaches 495/260 µA/µm, at I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</inf> of 100/1 nA/µm, respectively. Competitive sub-threshold slope and DIBL are reported. With the demonstrated advanced strain techniques and short channel performance, FDSOI devices can be extended for both high performance and low power applications to the 10nm node.
Direct Coupling of Bromine‐Mediated Methane Activation and Carbon‐Deposit Gasification (2007)

The direct bromination of methane offers a quite selective (>98 %) route towards methane activation but shifts the problem of fuel production to converting and handling corrosive methyl bromide. The direct conversion of methyl bromide, at about 200 degrees C, into light hydrocarbons can be catalyzed under pressure by AlBr(3) resulting in the formation of propane-rich mixtures of light hydrocarbons, carbonaceous deposits, and HBr. After releasing the gaseous products, the addition of hydrogen at 260 degrees C allows a quantitative conversion of the carbonaceous deposits into the same range of light hydrocarbons. These second-stage products efficiently contribute to the overall process yield while enabling a full regeneration of the catalyst's activity. This oxygen-free process is compared to the conversion of methyl bromide on zeolites and the currently used methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process in terms of product distributions and apparent energy of activation. A detailed chemical analysis of the intermediates revealed the presence of a carbon pool consisting of highly substituted benzene and cyclopentadiene derivatives, as observed on zeolites used in the MTG process. This similarity suggests that the currently used oxygen-based syngas/MTG process for methane conversion may be extended to a bromine-mediated process by using methyl bromide as an intermediate instead of methanol.
BGP Extension for SDWAN Overlay Networks (2018)

The document defines a new BGP SAFI with a new NLRI in order to
advertise a node's properties with other nodes
through third party untrusted networks. The goal is for network
to scale; enabling overlay among large number of nodes
with minimal provisioning, and allow services to be carried by
different transport networks based on user specified criteria.
A SD-WAN network consists of many segments of IPsec tunnels between
SD-WAN nodes. An end-point is referring to a port on a SD- WAN node
throughout this document. This document specifies new sub-TLVs for
the End Point's Attributes.