gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, formulation and evaluation of nicotine chewing gum (2012)

Taste enhancement of nicotine gums was achieved where formulations comprised aspartame as the sweetener and cherry and eucalyptus as the flavoring agents. Nicotine gums of pleasant taste may, therefore, be used as NRT to assist smokers quit smoking.
RETRACTED: HMGA1 Is a Determinant of Cellular Invasiveness and <i>In vivo</i> Metastatic Potential in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2006)

HMGA1 proteins are architectural transcription factors that are overexpressed in a range of human malignancies, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We hypothesized that HMGA1 expression is a determinant of cellular invasiveness and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Stable silencing of HMGA1 in MiaPaCa2 and PANC1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells was achieved by transfection of short hairpin RNA-generating vectors. Additionally, stable overexpression of HMGA1 in MiaPaCa2 cells (characterized by low levels of inherent HMGA1 expression) was achieved. HMGA1 silencing resulted in significant reductions in cellular invasiveness through Matrigel; in cellular matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, mRNA levels, and gene promoter activity; and in Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473). Conversely, forced HMGA1 overexpression resulted in significant increases in cellular invasiveness; in cellular MMP-9 activity, mRNA levels, and promoter activity; and in Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473). HMGA1 overexpression-induced increases in invasiveness were MMP-9 dependent. The role of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt in mediating HMGA1-dependent invasiveness was elucidated by a specific PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and constitutively active and dominant-negative Akt adenoviral constructs. Akt-dependent modulation of MMP-9 activity contributed significantly to HMGA1 overexpression-induced increases in invasive capacity. Furthermore, HMGA1 silencing resulted in reductions in metastatic potential and tumor growth in vivo and in tumoral MMP-9 activity. Our findings suggest that HMGA1 may be a novel molecular determinant of invasiveness and metastasis, as well as a potential therapeutic target, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Flame Retardants in Commercial Use or Development for Textiles (2008)

Non-durable and semi-durable flame retardants based mostly on phosphate or phosphonate salts continue to be used on infrequently washed or disposable goods, and recent improvements have been made to impart better `hand' or some limited wash resistance. Backcoating with insoluble ammonium polyphosphate, usually with additives and binders to provide intumescence, has been found effective on charrable fabrics. However, the leading backcoating effective on a wider range of fabrics, including synthetics and blends, is decabromodiphenyl ether plus antimony oxide. Newer candidates in development for textile coating are polymers and copolymers of pentabromobenzyl acrylate. The leading durable finish for cellulosic fibers, in use for about 50 years, continues to be based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts reacted with urea and cured with gaseous ammonia. Softer versions have been recently developed using chemical or process modifications, or using selected fiber blends. Somewhat less durable phosphonic ester methylolamide finishes, not requiring gaseous curing, are used on cellulosic fabrics, especially overseas. Other competitive wash-durable phosphorus-based finishes for cellulosics and blends are in development. Polyesters continue to be flame retarded using a phosphonate or hexabromocyclododecane in a `thermosol' process. Polyesters with built-in phosphinate structures are available as specialty fabrics. A dialkylphosphinate salt has been recently introduced as a melt spinning additive in polyester. A tribromoneopentyl phosphate melt spinning additive has been developed for polypropylene fiber. A number of inherently flame retardant synthetic fibers recently achieving increased usage include melamine-based fiber, viscose rayon containing silicic acid, aramides, oxidized polyacrylonitrile, and polyphenylene sulfide fibers. Some of these are used in protective clothing. The recent California and Federal mattress open-flame test standards have brought barrier fabrics into prominence. Some of these barriers use boric acid on cotton batting, others are proprietary composites and blends, both woven and nonwoven, comprising inherently flame retarded fibers combined with lower cost non-flame-retardant fibers. Upholstered furniture open-flame standards are pending.
A reduced-complexity iterative scheme for decoding quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes (2014)

This paper presents a reduced-complexity iterative decoding scheme for quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which is devised based on the section-wise cyclic structure of their parity-check matrices. The decoding scheme significantly reduces the hardware implementation complexity of a QC-LDPC code decoder in terms of the number of message processing units and the number of wires required to connect the message processing units. A long high-rate high-performance QC-LDPC code is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decoding scheme. Using this long code as the mother code, descendant QC-LDPC codes of various lengths and rates can be constructed by puncturing and masking the columns and rows of the parity-check matrix of the mother code. These descendant codes can be decoded by deactivating specific sets of message processing units of the mother decoder.
Targeting the regulation of CFTR channels (2011)

In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Zhang et al. reveal a new strategy for modifying the regulated function of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Simply stated, these authors tested the idea that the cAMP-dependent channel activity of CFTR could be effectively enhanced by disruption of a protein-protein interaction which is normally inhibitory for the production of cAMP. This particular protein-protein interaction [between the PDZ motif of LPA2 (type 2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor) and the scaffold protein Nherf2 (Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2)] is localized in the CFTR interactome on the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Hence disruption of the LPA2-Nherf2 interaction should lead to a localized elevation in cAMP and, consequently, increased cAMP-dependent CFTR activity on the surface of epithelial cells. Zhang et al. confirmed these expectations for a small-molecule compound targeting the LPA2-Nherf2 interaction using relevant cultures and tissues thought to model the human respiratory epithelium. The success of this strategy depended on previous knowledge regarding the role for multiple PDZ-motif-mediated interactions in signalling (directly or indirectly) to CFTR. Given the number and diversity of such PDZ-mediated interactions, future structural and computational studies will be essential for guiding the design of specific pharmacological interventions.
The relationship between qh+ and recurrent spontaneous abortion (2018)

Objective: To study the relationship between qh+ and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Design: Experimental study using human samples. Setting: University-affiliated hospital. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred sixty couples (1,720 cases) with RSA were taken as the RSA group and 871 sterile couples (1,742 cases) with a normal gestation history who came for consultation regarding oviduct factors were taken as the normal group. Intervention(s): The chromosome was collected from peripheral blood of patients. By analyzing the karyotypes of 860 couples (1,720 cases) with RSA and 871 sterile couples (1,742 cases) with a normal gestation history who underwent a consultation purely for oviduct factors. Results: One hundred ninety-three cases of chromosome polymorphisms were diagnosed in the RSA group, with a detection rate of 11.22%, among which 81 cases of qh+ were detected, with a detection rate of 4.71% (81/1720). These cases accounted for 41.97% of the cases of chromosome polymorphisms. The detection rate of chromosome polymorphisms in the normal group was 2.41% (42/1742). Comparison of the two indicates the statistical significance (p Conclusions: Chromosome polymorphism qh+ is related to RSA, which could provide theoretical foundations for genetic counseling and sound child rearing.
Single-grain Si TFTs using spin-coated liquid-silicon (2011)

Liquid silicon offers us an opportunity of fabricating TFTs using printed silicon, instead of printed organic materials. We have fabricated single-grain Si TFTs on location-controlled Si grains with laser crystallization of a-Si formed from spin-coated liquid Si. Si grains with a maximum grain diameter of 3.5 μm were positioned at predetermined sites. Mobilities for electrons and holes are 391 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs and 111 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs, respectively.
Using Gas Chromatography with Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Resolve Explosive Compounds in the Presence of Interferents* (2010)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a valued field detection technology because of its speed and high sensitivity, but IMS cannot easily resolve analytes of interest within mixtures. Coupling gas chromatography (GC) to IMS adds a separation capability to resolve complex matrices. A GC-IONSCAN® operated in IMS and GC⁄ IMS modes was evaluated with combinations of five explosives and four interferents. In 100 explosive/interferent combinations, IMS yielded 21 false positives while GC⁄ IMS substantially reduced the occurrence of false positives to one. In addition, the results indicate that through redesign or modification of the preconcentrator there would be significant advantages to using GC⁄ IMS, such as enhancement of the linear dynamic range (LDR) in some situations. By balancing sensitivity with LDR, GC⁄ IMS could prove to be a very advantageous tool when addressing real world complex mixture situations.
[Two cases of parathyroid adenoma]. (2013)

Parathyroid adenoma can cause primary hyperparathyroidism. Too much parathyroid hormone effects on bone, kidney and small intestine, which can cause parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, urine calcium and serum alkaline phosphatase elevated, while serum phosphate decreased. Clinical manifestations of osteoporosis, kidney stones, high calcium crisis and a serise of performance. There were 2 cases suffered from parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid hyperfunction in our hospital from December 22,2010 to March 11,2011. Surgical operation is the best treatment method.
Distal Ulna Hook Plate Fixation for Unstable Distal Ulna Fracture Associated With Distal Radius Fracture (2012)

The significance of distal ulna fractures is often undermined, which can result in inadequate treatment compared with fractures of the radius, the ulna's larger counterpart. However, little guidance exists in the current literature on how to manage distal ulna head or neck fractures and intra-articular ulna head fractures. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of distal ulna hook plate fixation for the treatment of an unstable distal ulna fracture associated with a distal radius fracture. Twenty-five patients with unstable distal ulna fractures who underwent stable fixation for an associated distal radius fracture were included in the study. All patients achieved satisfactory reduction and bony union. Average final motion was as follows: wrist flexion, 72° (range, 60°-85°); extension, 69° (range, 65°-80°); pronation, 77° (range, 55°-95°); supination, 82° (range, 65°-90°); ulnar deviation, 35° (range, 15°-50°); and radial deviation, 24° (range, 10°-40°). Average postoperative grip strength was 28 kg (range, 22-30 kg) and was 91% (range, 71%-100%) in the cases in which the dominant hand was injured and 80% (range, 65%-100%) in the cases in which the nondominant hand was injured. Average postoperative modified Mayo wrist score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 87 points (range, 65-100 points) and 14 points (range, 0-54 points), respectively. Chronic instability of the distal radioulnar joint was not encountered in any patient. Thus, the study demonstrated that distal ulna hook plate fixation for the treatment of unstable distal ulna fractures can achieve healing with good alignment, satisfactory function, and minimal transient morbidity.
Kinetics of 14(R,S)-fluorine-18-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid in normal human hearts at rest, during exercise and after dipyridamole injection. (1994)

Analysis of FTHA uptake kinetics with PET may be useful for noninvasive assessment of myocardial utilization of exogenous long-chain fatty acids in general and of beta oxidation in the fasting state.
Voltage Sensor of Kv1.2: Structural Basis of Electromechanical Coupling (2005)

Voltage-dependent ion channels contain voltage sensors that allow them to switch between nonconductive and conductive states over the narrow range of a few hundredths of a volt. We investigated the mechanism by which these channels sense cell membrane voltage by determining the x-ray crystal structure of a mammalian Shaker family potassium ion (K+) channel. The voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv1.2 grew three-dimensional crystals, with an internal arrangement that left the voltage sensors in an apparently native conformation, allowing us to reach three important conclusions. First, the voltage sensors are essentially independent domains inside the membrane. Second, they perform mechanical work on the pore through the S4-S5 linker helices, which are positioned to constrict or dilate the S6 inner helices of the pore. Third, in the open conformation, two of the four conserved Arg residues on S4 are on a lipid-facing surface and two are buried in the voltage sensor. The structure offers a simple picture of how membrane voltage influences the open probability of the channel.
Preparation of transmission electron microscopy cross-section specimens using focused ion beam milling (2001)

The preparation of transmission electron microscopy cross-section specimens using focused ion beam milling is outlined. The “liftout” and “trench” techniques are both described in detail, and their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Artifacts such as ion damage to the top surface and sidewalls of the cross-section specimens, and methods of reducing them, are addressed.
Expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in primary ovarian mucinous tumors (2008)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4 alpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is expressed in several endodermal tissues. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of HNF4 alpha on ovarian epithelial tumors with immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry using mAbs recognizing P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4 alpha. Ovarian mucinous adenoma, mucinous tumors of borderline malignancy, and mucinous adenocarcinoma had positive nuclear staining for HNF4 alpha (41/45, 91%). One-third (34%) of mucinous tumors had P1-positive staining and most had P1/P2-positive staining (93%). MUC2- and MUC5AC-positive staining was observed in 34% and 95% of mucinous tumors, respectively. The histological subtype of these mucinous tumors was not correlated with HNF4 alpha expression. On cytology it was found that cancer cells in the ascites from ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas were HNF4 alpha positive, but tumor cells in ascites from other types of ovarian carcinomas were negative for HNF4 alpha. Thus, HNF4 alpha is demonstrated to be a useful marker for histological and cytological diagnosis of ovarian mucinous tumors.
Diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Via High-Resolution Melting Analysis Symmetric Polymerase Chain Reaction Without Probe: A Screening Evaluation for <i>SMN1</i> Deletions and Intragenic Mutations (2011)

HRMA is a simple but versatile tool to add to the existing arsenal of diagnostic techniques that could aid clinicians/researchers in diagnosing SMA. However, as we demonstrate in the present study, the design and selection of primers is of monumental importance in ensuring the successful application of HRMA to screening for pathogenic variants.
Effect of Radial Fins on Base Drag of an Axisymmetric Body at Low Speeds (1982)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Elevated Blood Pressure in Transgenic Mice With Brain-Specific Expression of Human Angiotensinogen Driven by the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Promoter (2001)

In addition to the circulatory renin (REN)-angiotensin system (RAS), a tissue RAS having an important role in cardiovascular function also exists in the central nervous system. In the brain, angiotensinogen (AGT) is expressed in astrocytes and in some neurons important to cardiovascular control, but its functional role remains undefined. We generated a transgenic mouse encoding the human AGT (hAGT) gene under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter to experimentally dissect the role of brain versus systemically derived AGT. This promoter targets expression of transgene products to astrocytes, the most abundant cell type expressing AGT in brain. All transgenic lines exhibited hAGT mRNA expression in brain, with variable expression in other tissues. In one line examined in detail, transgene expression was high in brain and low in tissues outside the central nervous system, and the level of plasma hAGT was not elevated over baseline. In the brain, hAGT protein was mainly localized in astrocytes, but was present in neurons in the subfornical organ. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of human REN (hREN) in conscious unrestrained mice elicited a pressor response, which was abolished by ICV preinjection of losartan. Double-transgenic mice expressing the hREN gene and the GFAP-hAGT transgene exhibited a 15-mm Hg increase in blood pressure and an increased preference for salt. Blood pressure in the hREN/GFAP-hAGT mice was lowered after ICV, but not intravenous losartan. These studies suggest that AGT synthesis in the brain has an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
Finger-Vein Image Enhancement Based on Orientation Field (2011)

Finger-vein image enhancement is of great importance for finger-vein recognition since the quality of the finger-vein images always is very poor in practice. In this paper, a new method based on orientation field is proposed for reliable venous region enhancement. First, a coarse vein-width variation field (CVWVF) is adaptively estimated by the curvatures of the cross-sectional profiles in a finger-vein image. Second, a line filter transform (LFT) based on a line model with CVWVF constraint is computed for a primary orientation field (POF) generation in a finger-vein image. Third, to refine POF, a curve model with CVWVF constraint is used for implementing a curve filter transform (CFT). By CFT, the venous regions can be enhanced reliably in a finger-vein image. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed method has a good performance in finger-vein image enhancement.
Energy Cost and Metabolic Power in Elite Soccer (2009)

The present approach for the assessment of top-level soccer players match performance through video analysis allowed us to assess instantaneous metabolic power, thus redefining the concept of "high intensity" on the basis of actual metabolic power rather than on speed alone.
Medicarpin Delays Alfalfa Seed Germination and Seedling Growth (1990)

The objective of this study was to identify a compound(s) that may be responsible, at least in part, for alfalfa autotoxicity. We found that medicarpin (3‐hydroxy‐9‐methoxypterocarpan) is a compound produced by alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) that contributes to this. clay loam soil from a declining alfalfa stand with two plants per 930 cm 2 and its 95% ethanol extract inhibited alfalfa emergence and seedlingrowth whereas extracted soil did not. The soil extracts contained at least 10 mg kg −1 medicarpin. Medicarpin, 4‐methoxymedicarpin, sativan, and 5′‐methoxysativan were isolated from alfalfa foliage with 95% ethanol, purified, identified by gas chromatography‐ mass spectroscopy, and then exogenously applied to alfalfa and velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti L.) seeds using an agar bioassay. Medicarpin at 1 ✕ 10 −7 tool/seed reduced both alfalfa and velvetleaf seedling length by 39% after 72 h. Sativan and both methoxy derivatives had no affect on germination or seedingrowth. In a timecourse study, 2 ✕ 10 −7 mole/seed medicarpin delayed germination 12 h and seedling growth 44 h, during this time the alfalfa seedlings metabolized 85% of the medicarpin. Seedling growth then resumed at the control rate. Medicarpin is produced by mature alfalfa, is present in soil from a declining alfalfa stand, and is absorbed by alfalfa seedlings where it is metabolized and exerts a transient phytotoxic effect. Medicarpin may permit established alfalfa plants to control the ecology in their immediate proximity by inhibiting seedling establishment of nearby plants, thereby gaining a competitive advantage.
M-user cooperative wireless communications based on nonbinary network codes (2009)

We propose a new method of applying network coding for cooperative wireless networks. The network consists of multiple (M ges 2) users having independent information to be transmitted to a common base station (BS). These users form partners and relay information for each other. The transmission blocks are subject to block-fading with independent fading coefficients for each block. Designed non-binary network codes over finite fields are used on top of channel codes. Assuming perfect error detection, erroneous blocks out from channel decoders are discarded (erasure). Thus, relaying nodes may not have information messages of some partners (erasure in inter-user channels), and the BS may not decode some blocks correctly either. The network topology from the point of view of network coding is dynamic. To improve performance, we propose dynamic-network codes (deterministic codes for dynamic networks) for the cooperative networks. The codes are designed such that the BS can rebuild user information from a minimum possible set of coding blocks. In this sense, dynamic-network codes achieve the min-cut for cooperative networks with a dynamic topology. For block fading channels, the proposed scheme obtains high asymptotic performance. For two-user networks, we calculate the resulting outage probabilities. We also present simulations with specific channel codes. Numerical results show substantial improvement over previous schemes. Then, we generalize the results to multiple-user (M > 2) networks. We investigate the existence of deterministic dynamic-network codes for multiple-user networks, and show that the diversity order of the proposed scheme can achieve 2M - 1.