gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of growth, conformation and feed efficiency traits in broilers (2001)

Data on 1680 Red Cornish chicks of 280 dams and 56 sires were utilized for genetic analysis while control line was used for comparing the improvement in selected lines. The heritability estimates were 0.086±0.063 and 0.369±0.156 for body weight at 5 week of age, 0.780±0.241 and 0.607±0.214 for shank length at 5 week, 0.300±0.127 and 0.245±0.123 for keel bone length at 5 week, 0.060±0.54 and 0.029±0.057 for breast angle at 5 week 0.140±0.080 and 0.656±0.225 for weight gain during 5 to 8 week, 0.05±0.051 and 0.042±0.061 for feed efficiency in growth and feed efficiency lines, respectively. The genetic & phenotypic correlations for 5 and 8 wek body weight with shank length, keel bone length and breast angle were found to be positive & significant but correlations between weight gain and feed efficiency were negative and significnat. Phenotypic correlations between weight gain and feed efficiency were negative and significant. Phenotypic correlations among all the conformation traits were positive and significant.
Material flow behavior during friction stir welding of aluminum (1999)

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new technique for joining aluminum alloys. Invented in 1991 at The Welding Institute (Ref. 1), this technique results in low distortion and high joint strength compared with other techniques, and is capable of joining all aluminum alloys. To date, the majority of research has concentrated on developing the tools and procedures for making reliable welds in a variety of alloys, on characterizing the properties of welds and on developing design allowables (Refs. 2-7). However, very little is known about material flow behavior during welding. The purpose of the current study is to document the movement of material during friction stir welding as a means of developing a conceptual model of the deformation process. In this paper, two new techniques for visualizing material flow patterns in friction stir welds are presented. Based on measured results in welds of 6061 and 7075 aluminum, material movement within friction stir welds is by either simple extrusion or chaotic mixing, depending on where within the weld zone the material originates. These results impact the development of welding procedures and suggest ways to model the process for predicting welding tool performance.
VLSI Chip Interconnection Technology Using Stacked Solder Bumps (1987)

A new type of flip-chip interconnection technology using stacked solder bumps supposed by polyimide films has been developed to improve the reliability of large-size VLSI chip interconnections. This technology is based on the principle that the higher the equivalent bump height; the smaller will be the shear strain. Numerical analysis shows that the increased number Of solder bump stacks reduces the shear strain in solder joints. In particular, thermal shock test results indicate that the lifetime of the double-stacked solder bumps joining 20 x 20-mm silicon chips to alumina ceramic boards is 60 times that of conventional . . unstacked bumps.
TACI-BLyS signaling via B-cell–dendritic cell cooperation is required for naive CD8+ T-cell priming in vivo (2005)

We demonstrated that B-cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions via transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML) interactor (TACI) and B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) provide an early signal critical to generate adequate numbers of mature antigen presenting cells (APCs) to prime naive CD8(+) T cells (CTLs) in vivo. Evidence that B cells are required for efficient CTL generation in mice and that reconstitution with wild-type but not TACI-knockout B cells restored normal CTL responses support our conclusion. Moreover, low doses of a TACI fusion protein (TACI-Fc) that express the extracellular domain of TACI (amino acid [aa] 1-126) restored CTL priming in B-cell-deficient mice in vivo and induced DC maturation in vitro. In fact, following interactions with B cells, splenic DCs rapidly express the CD86 costimulatory molecule, to an extent comparable to the exposure to antigenic stimuli. BLyS(high) peptide-pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs, used as vaccines in vivo, cannot generate CTLs in B-cell-deficient and TACI-deficient mice, strongly supporting a need for B-cell-DC cooperation through TACI-BLyS during CTL first encounter with antigens in vivo.
Tunneling Barrier Effects on Photoinduced Charge Transfer through Covalent Rigid Rod-Like Bridges (2008)

Four homologous dyads with a phenothiazine donor, rigid variable-length p-xylene bridges, and a ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridine) acceptor were synthesized. Photoexcitation of these donor-bridge-acceptor molecules in the presence of excess methylviologen generates a highly oxidizing Ru(III) intermediate, which triggers an intramolecular phenothiazine-to-ruthenium(III) electron transfer that is mediated by the oligo-p-xylene spacers. The rates for this process were determined using transient absorption spectroscopy, and they are found to decrease exponentially with increasing donor-acceptor distance. This decrease occurs with an attenuation factor beta of 0.77 A(-1) and is substantially stronger than for analogous donor-bridge-acceptor molecules where the acceptor is a rhenium(I) tricarbonyl diimine complex (beta = 0.52 A(-1)). This striking finding is interpreted in terms of a larger barrier to hole tunneling in the ruthenium dyads relative to the rhenium systems.
Mesh routing topologies for multi-FPGA systems (2002)

There is currently great interest in using fixed arrays of FPGAs for logic emulators, custom computing devices, and software accelerators. An important part of designing such a system is determining the proper routing topology to use to interconnect the FPGAs. This topology can have a great effect on the area and delay of the resulting system. Tree, bipartite graph, and mesh inter-connection schemes have all been proposed for use in FPGA-based systems. In this paper we examine mesh interconnection schemes, and propose several constructs for more efficient topologies. These reduce inter-chip delays by more than 60% over the basic 4-way Mesh.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An investigation of adhesion properties between asphaltic-concrete layers (1978)

The state of adhesion at the interfaces between the various layers of flexible pavements affects the performance of flexible pavements through its influence on the stressing level of the materials. According to available solutions of stress distribution in the interface regions is highly influenced by the adhesion conditions at these interfaces, and especially at the upper layers of the pavement. The knowledge of the degree of adhesion, especially in the interfaces at the upper layers, is essential. This paper deals with the adhesion properties at interfaces of asphaltic layers derived from laboratory test results. Solutions of stress distribution in the elastic and the plastic state are presented, indicating the influence of the material parameters, as derived from the tests on the overstressing and failure phenomena.
Effects of Plasticisers and Related Compounds on the Expression of the Soluble Form of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase in MCF-7 Cells (2008)

Previously we have shown that E2 down regulates S-COMT expression. Here the effects of four phthalate esters and 4-(tert-octyl)phenol on the intra-cellular levels of S-COMT and COMT activity were studied in MCF-7 cells as a measure of estrogenic activity of these compounds. The four phthalate esters caused significant reductions in both S-COMT protein and COMT activity levels. These effects were inhibited by the ERalpha receptor antagonist ICI182780. 4-(tert-octyl)phenol also caused reductions in these parameters, but the effects were not abolished by ICI182780. Assay of S-COMT protein levels represents a simple and convenient method of assessing the estrogenic potential of a compound.
Variation in bat detections due to detector orientation in a forest. (2002)

Bat detectors are widely used to compare bat activity among habitats. We placed 8 Anabat II detectors at 2 heights. 3 directions and 2 angles with respect to horizontal to evaluate the effect of detector orientation on the number of bat detections received. The orientation receiving the maximum number of detections had 70% more detections than the mean of the 7 other orientation on the same night. We found that detectors on 1.4-m stands received 30% more detections than detectors placed directly on the ground. Detectors oriented toward the direction with the fewest trees received 24-44% more bat detections than those oriented in 2 other direction. We hypothesize that many of the noises we could not positively identify as bats were actually poorly recorded bat calls. Listening to audiotapes may be more efficient than visual inspection of time-frequency displays for comparison of bat activity among habitats when species identification is not important. Studies that standardize methods among sites and maximize the number of bat detections received at a site via detector placement will be most effective. (OCR version currently unavailable)
Arachidonic acid augments potassium currents in rat neocortical neurones (1993)

We analysed the effects induced by arachidonic acid on voltage-dependent outward currents generated by rat neocortical neurones in culture in the presence of Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers. These currents, recorded with whole-cell voltage-clamping techniques, were presumably carried by K+ and were characterized by an early transient and a late persistent component. Extracellular application of arachidonic acid (50 microM) enhanced both components of the voltage-dependent K+ response by 15-29% (n > 20 cells). These effects were reversible and not observed when a low dose (50 microM) of indomethacin was present in the bath (n = 7 cells). We conclude that one or more of the arachidonic acid metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway might be involved in the modulation of outward currents in neocortical cells in culture.
Aberrances in Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation in Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Their Relevance for Clinical Pain Reports (2010)

The data suggest that autonomic cardiovascular regulation in FMS is impaired in terms of reduced sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, as well as baroreflex malfunctioning. Furthermore, autonomic cardiovascular adjustment to acute stress is blunted. The inverse association between BRS and pain severity reflects the well-documented pain inhibition through the baroreceptor system. On account of this and the reduced baroreflex function in FMS, one may assume deficient ascending pain inhibition arising from the cardiovascular system, which may contribute to hyperalgesia that is characteristic of the disorder.
Genetic Linkage of a Polymorphism in the Type II Procollagen Gene (COL2A1) to Primary Osteoarthritis Associated with Mild Chondrodysplasia (1990)

OSTEOARTHRITIS is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of the articular cartilages of both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints.1 Some forms of the disease are due to environmental or systemic events, such as trauma, infections, and metabolic disorders, but most patients have primary osteoarthritis for which there is no identifiable cause. At the same time, the inheritance of the disease in some families is well documented.2 , 3 We analyzed restriction-fragmentlength polymorphisms (RFLPs) to show that one allele of the gene for Type II procollagen (COL2A1), the precursor of the major protein of cartilage,4 , 5 is inherited with a precocious form . . .
LaCoste & Romberg gravity meter: Tares, drift, and temporal mass variations (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997LaCoste & Romberg gravity meter: Tares, drift, and temporal mass variationsAuthors: Mark. E. AnderTom SummersMark. E. AnderExploration Laboratory and Tom SummersExploration Laboratoryhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885943 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885943FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Mark. E. Ander and Tom Summers, (1997), "LaCoste & Romberg gravity meter: Tares, drift, and temporal mass variations," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 498-501. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885943 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Whistle: a workbench for test development of library-based designs (1989)

The authors have applied the difference fault model (DFM) approach to the simulation of high-level designs and built a complete environment for test generation and fault simulation of designs expressed in a hardware description language (HDL), such as VHDL. Their environment, called Whistle, consists of a set of programs that supports a library-based design style. They describe the tools in Whistle, with special emphasis on the tools used to analyze each block in the design library, and the generation of code for the simulation of the F-faults in the design. The authors then evaluate Whistle from several points of view. First, they illustrate the accuracy of the fault coverage estimates by comparing them with the actual fault coverage obtained by gate-level fault simulation. Second, they examine the correlation between the accuracy measurements as given by their evaluation functions and the behavior of various characterization functions for a given block. This illustrates how critical it is to choose a good characterization function and how it affects the accuracy of the results. A third aspect of Whistle that they look at is its test-generation capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of the binding of the antihypertensive agent moxonidine to alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat brain membranes. (1988)

The characteristics of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding property of moxonidine (4-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-pyrim idinamine, BDF 5895), a newly developed centrally acting antihypertensive agent, was investigated in receptor binding assays using [3H]-rauwolscine bound to rat cortex membranes. The results are as follows: 1. [3H]-Rauwolscine binds in a saturable manner to rat cerebral cortex membranes with a Bmax of 320 +/- 50 fmol/mg of protein and KD of 1.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/l. 2. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine competes with a Ki value of 8.0 nmol/l and slope factor close to unity. (--)-Norepinephrine competes with an overall Ki-value of 50 nmol/l and slope factor of 0.61. Mg2+ concentrations of 10 mmol/l in the presence of 0.1 mmol/l 3'-guanylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) (Mg2+/Gpp(NH)p) do not affect the yohimbine inhibition curve, but increase the (--)-norepinephrine Ki value to 2.8 mumol and the slope factor to unity. 3. Moxonidine competes with [3H]-rauwolscine binding with an overall Ki value of 460 nmol/l and slope factor of 0.72. Moxonidine binding inhibition was potentiated by Mg2+, but shifted to lower potency by Mg2+/Gpp(NH)p and 150 mmol/l NaCl. 4. Binding inhibition curves for (--)-norepinephrine and moxonidine fitted better to a 2-site model and could be interpreted in terms of high affinity site (with Ki value KH) and low affinity site (with Ki value KL). The effect of Mg2+/Gpp(NH)p and NaCl was to convert the high affinity sites to low affinity sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New antiepileptic drugs and non-pharmacological treatments (2000)

Many new drugs and therapies can now be offered to patients with epilepsy. The problem is that we do not know just how much better these new and more expensive therapies are compared with the old ones, nor do we know the full range of side-effects. This review focuses on the major clinical studies that have been published in the past year with emphasis on information as to tolerability and efficacy, especially when there is some information comparing different drugs or therapies. The topics include vigabatrin, lamotrigine, gabapentin, felbamate, topiramate, tiagabine, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, vagus nerve stimulation and the ketogenic diet. It is encouraging that some of the newly published double-blinded placebo-controlled studies now include children and the elderly, patient groups that have previously been neglected.
Liberation of [3H]arachidonic acid and changes in cytosolic free calcium in fura-2-loaded human platelets stimulated by ionomycin and collagen (1986)

Cytosolic Ca2+ levels and arachidonate liberation were investigated in platelets loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye fura-2, and labelled with [3H]arachidonate. Fura-2 was used in preference to quin2 because the latter interfered with [3H]arachidonate labelling of phospholipids. From a resting free Ca2+ level of around 100 nM, ionomycin (10-200 nM) evoked an instantaneous, concentration-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ that only resulted in [3H]arachidonate liberation (up to 4-fold over control) at Ca2+ levels greater than 1 microM. Addition of collagen (10 micrograms/ml) evoked an elevation in Ca2+ up to 461 +/- 133 nM. These changes in Ca2+ were accompanied by a 2-4-fold elevation in [3H]arachidonate with depletion of [3H]phosphatidylcholine by 17 +/- 4% and [3H]phosphatidylinositol by 41 +/- 7%. Indomethacin (10 microM) reduced the elevation in Ca2+ by collagen to 115 +/- 18 nM but did not significantly inhibit the 2-4-fold increase in [3H]arachidonate. [3H]Phosphatidylcholine and [3H]phosphatidylinositol were decreased by 9 +/- 7% and 10 +/- 6%, respectively, with collagen in the presence of indomethacin. Stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover by collagen in the presence and absence of indomethacin was indicated by [32P]phosphatidate formation in cells prelabelled with [32P]Pi. This phosphatidate formation was decreased (75%) by the presence of indomethacin. In the presence of indomethacin, phorbol myristate acetate (20 nM) alone or in combination with ionomycin (30 nM) failed to stimulate arachidonate liberation despite a marked stimulation of aggregation. These results indicate that, whereas ionomycin requires Ca2+ in the microM range for arachidonate liberation, collagen, notably in the presence of indomethacin, does so at basal Ca2+ levels. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of arachidonate release by collagen are not clear, but do not appear to involve activation of protein kinase C, or an elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+.
Engineered <i>E. coli</i> That Detect and Respond to Gut Inflammation through Nitric Oxide Sensing (2012)

Advances in synthetic biology now allow for the reprogramming of microorganisms to execute specific tasks. Here, we describe the development of an engineered strain of E. coli capable of sensing and responding to the presence of a mammalian inflammatory signal. The synthetic gene regulatory circuit is designed to permanently alter gene expression in response to the well characterized inflammatory signal nitric oxide. The detection of nitric oxide initiates the expression of a DNA recombinase, causing the permanent activation of a DNA switch. We demonstrate that E. coli containing this synthetic circuit respond to nitric oxide from both chemical and biological sources, with permanent DNA recombination occurring in the presence of nitric oxide donor compounds or inflamed mouse ileum explants. In the future, this synthetic genetic circuit will be optimized to allow E. coli to reliably detect and respond to inflammation in vivo.
Ultrasonic modulation of neural circuit activity (2018)

Ultrasound (US) is recognized for its use in medical imaging as a diagnostic tool. As an acoustic energy source, US has become increasingly appreciated over the past decade for its ability to non-invasively modulate cellular activity including neuronal activity. Data obtained from a host of experimental models has shown that low-intensity US can reversibly modulate the physiological activity of neurons in peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and intact brain circuits. Experimental evidence indicates that acoustic pressures exerted by US act, in part, on mechanosensitive ion channels to modulate activity. While the precise mechanisms of action enabling US to both stimulate and suppress neuronal activity remain to be clarified, there are several advantages conferred by the physics of US that make it an appealing option for neuromodulation. For example, it can be focused with millimeter spatial resolutions through skull bone to deep-brain regions. By increasing our engineering capability to leverage such physical advantages while growing our understanding of how US affects neuronal function, the development of a new generation of non-invasive neurotechnology can be developed using ultrasonic methods.
A Herpes Simplex Virus Vector System for Expression of Complex Cellular cDNA Libraries (2010)

Viral vector-based gene expression libraries from normal or diseased tissues offer opportunities to interrogate cellular functions that influence or participate directly in specific biological processes. Here we report the creation and characterization of a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based expression library consisting of cDNAs derived from PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. A replication-defective HSV vector backbone was engineered to contain both a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and the Invitrogen in vitro Gateway recombination system, creating DBAC-GW. A cDNA library was produced and transferred into the DBAC-GW genome by in vitro recombination and selection in bacteria to produce DBAC-L. DBAC-L contained at least 15,000 unique cDNAs, as shown by DNA array analysis of PCR-amplified cDNA inserts, representing a wide range of cancer- and neuron-related cellular functions. Transfection of the recombinant DBAC-L DNA into complementing animal cells produced more than 1 million DBAC-L virus particles representing the library genes. By microarray analysis of vector-infected cells, we observed that individual members of this vector population expressed unique PC12 cDNA-derived mRNA, demonstrating the power of this system to transfer and express a variety of gene activities. We discuss the potential utility of this and similarly derived expression libraries for genome-wide approaches to identify cellular functions that participate in complex host-pathogen interactions or processes related to disease and to cell growth and development.
Effects of nanotopography on stem cell phenotypes (2009)

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self renew indefinitely and differentiate into several somatic cells given the correct environmental cues. In the stem cell niche, stem cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are crucial for different cellular functions, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Recently, in addition to chemical surface modifications, the importance of nanometric scale surface topography and roughness of biomaterials has increasingly becoming recognized as a crucial factor for cell survival and host tissue acceptance in synthetic ECMs. This review describes the influence of nanotopography on stem cell phenotypes.