gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulge formation and improvement of the polymer in CO<sub>2</sub>laser micromachining (2005)

This paper reports a novel approach to eliminate the bulges formed at the rim of a channel in a PMMA polymer substrate during CO2 laser micromachining by covering a PDMS or JSR photoresist layer on the polymer substrate to get a good quality of smooth surface for the MEMS application. The bulges formed in the conventional laser micromachined polymer result in problems of bonding of the microfluidic chips or the clogging of liquid flow in the channel. Different cover layers of PDMS material and JSR photoresist unexposed or exposed by UV light were used to study the phenomena of formation and elimination of bulges. Also, a different number of passes were performed to investigate the variation of bulge shape and its formation mechanism as well as the profile of the channel. A physical model for the bulge formation during CO2 laser micromachining based on the photothermal melting mechanism was proposed. The micromachined PMMA polymer without bulges at the rim of the channel has been demonstrated using a cover layer on the substrate by the CO2 laser technology at low cost and rapid prototyping.
Synthesis and properties of a maleimide fluorescent thiol reagent derived from a naphthopyranone (1991)

Abstract N ‐(2‐Carbomethoxy‐9‐methoxy‐3‐oxo‐3 H ‐naphtho[2,1‐ b ]pyran‐10‐yl)maleimide 2 was designed and synthesized as a new maleimide fluorescent thiol reagent. The optical properties of 2 were investigated with and without the addition of glutathione, GSH. We have found 2 is twice as sensitive as DACM and is of comparable sensitivity to CPM for detection of thiols. The emission maximum for the GSH adduct of 2 is 513 nm which is at longer wavelength than the GSH adducts of both DACM and CPM.
Modelling uncertainty in an underwater acoustic positioning system (2012)

This paper develops a ray-based travel-time inversion to simulate the accuracy of an active underwater acoustic localization system, and examines the localization accuracy as a function of various sources of error and geometric and environmental factors.The system considered here simulates localizing an autonomous underwater vehicle using arrival times of acoustic transmissions from an onboard source as measured at hydrophones distributed spatially over a test range.Since localization uncertainty is a function of source location, uncertainties are calculated for the source at a grid of locations over the areas of the test bed.Localization accuracy is considered as a function of timing errors, uncertainty in hydrophone locations, target depth, variations in sound-speed profile, and hydrophone geometry. s o m m a i r eCet article dveloppe un inversion de temps d'arrive en traant des rayons pour simuler la prcision d'un systme actif de localisation acoustiques sous-marins, et examine la prcision de localisation en fonction de diverses sources d'erreur et de facteurs gomtriques et environnementale.Le systme considr ici simule la localisation d'un vhicule autonome sous-marin en utilisant les instants d'arrivs des transmissions acoustiques provenant d'une source bord tel que mesur partir d 'hydrophones rpartis spatialement sur une plage de test.Puisque l'incertitude de localisation est fonction de l'emplacement de la source, les incertitudes sont calcules pour la source une grille de lieux sur les zones du banc d'essai.La prcision de localisation est considre comme une fonction de synchronisation des erreurs, l'incertitude dans l 'emplacement des hydrophones, la profondeur des cibles, les variations du profile vitesse-son, et la gomtrie des hydrophones. Discover new heights in acoustics design
Goulphar: rapid access and expertise for standard two-color microarray normalization methods (2006)

Goulphar provides simple, rapid access to the power of the R/BioConductor statistical analysis packages, with precise control and visualization of the results obtained. Complete documentation, examples and online forms for setting script parameters are available from http://transcriptome.ens.fr/goulphar/.
Cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli. Production, purification, and some characteristics. (1986)

We wanted to obtain a large amount of cytosine deaminase from Escherichia coli. This enzyme deaminates 5-fluorocytosine and is thermostable. It is needed for trial use in a novel chemotherapy for cancer in combination with 5-fluorocytosine. We improved the conditions of its production by examining the culture conditions. A pH-stat culture with the culture pH controlled at around 8.5 using citric acid gave efficient production of cell mass and enzyme activity. The enzyme was purified 1200-fold from the cell-free extract, to homogeneity, using two kinds of affinity adsorbents prepared for this purpose. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 200, 000 (gel permeation), and seemed to be an SH-enzyme. The purified enzyme was thermostable.
Effects of shading model and opacity on depth perception in optical see‐through augmented reality (2020)

Abstract Augmented reality (AR) technologies create an immersive environment by augmenting the real world with rendered virtual objects. One of the key requirements of an AR system is to understand how users perceive the depth of an AR object. Perceived distances to AR objects can be based on various depth cues such as rendering method used for the virtual object. The existing researches on the shading model and opacity mainly focus on the shape perception or the position relationship of several virtual objects in the virtual environment. We predicted that shading models and opacity would impact a user's estimation of a virtual object's depth in AR. We conducted two experiments to investigate the impact of color, size (Experiment 1), shading model, and opacity (Experiment 2) on the depth perception in an optical see‐through head‐mounted display (HMD). We found that the virtual object's color and size impact estimation efficacy. An interaction effect between color and size was also found. The results showed that shading models with specular highlights could help to improve depth perception in AR. Additionally, users had the lowest matching error when the opacity of a virtual object was 0.8.
Catalyst Loadings for PEMFC Electrodes Prepared by Sputter Deposition (2006)

Abstract not Available.
The Greater Reactivity of Estradiol-3,4-quinone vs Estradiol-2,3-quinone with DNA in the Formation of Depurinating Adducts:  Implications for Tumor-Initiating Activity (2005)

Strong evidence supports the idea that specific metabolites of estrogens, mainly catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, can react with DNA to become endogenous initiators of breast, prostate, and other human cancers. Oxidation of the catechol estrogen metabolites 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) and 2-OHE2 leads to the quinones, estradiol-3,4-quinone (E2-3,4-Q) and estradiol-2,3-quinone (E2-2,3-Q), respectively. The reaction of E2-3,4-Q with DNA affords predominantly the depurinating adducts 4-OHE2-1-N3Ade and 4-OHE2-1-N7Gua, whereas the reaction of E2-2,3-Q with DNA yields the newly synthesized depurinating adduct 2-OHE2-6-N3Ade. The N3Ade adducts are lost from DNA by rapid depurination, while the N7Gua adduct is lost from DNA with a half-life of approximately 3 h at 37 degrees C. To compare the relative reactivity of E2-3,4-Q and E2-2,3-Q, the compounds were reacted individually with DNA for 0.5-20 h at 37 degrees C, as well as in mixtures (3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 5:95) for 10 h at 37 degrees C. Depurinating and stable adducts were analyzed. In similar experiments, the relative reactivity of 4-OHE2 and 2-OHE2 with DNA was determined after activation by lactoperoxidase, tyrosinase, prostaglandin H synthase (PHS), or 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes. Starting with the quinones, the levels of depurinating adducts formed from E2-3,4-Q were much higher than that of the depurinating adduct from E2-2,3-Q. Similar results were obtained with lactoperoxidase or tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of 4-OHE2 and 2-OHE2, whereas with activation by PHS or microsomes, a relatively higher amount of the depurinating adduct from E2-2,3-Q was detected. These results demonstrate that the E2-3,4-Q is much more reactive with DNA than E2-2,3-Q. The relative reactivities of E2-3,4-Q and E2-2,3-Q to form depurinating adducts correlate with the carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and cell-transforming activity of their precursors, the catechol estrogens 4-OHE2 and 2-OHE2. This is essential information for understanding the cancer risk posed by oxidation of the two catechol estrogens.
162. The rheology of cheese, butter and other milk products. (The measurement of “body” and “texture”) (1937)

Rheology is denned as the science of the deformation of matter. It includes the study of all deformations, recoverable (elastic) and non-recoverable (plastic). In this paper cheese is primarily considered although the fundamental principles apply to all materials. The elastic and plastic properties of cheese exercise a great influence in the ripening processes and the incidence of faults. Although much progress has been made in the bacteriological and chemical investigations of cheese ripening, little fundamental work on the nature of and the factors controlling the physical properties of curd and cheese has been carried out.
Uptake kinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins from the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense in the mussel Mytilus edulis (1990)

A laboratory study ~n v e s t ~g a t e d cell ingestion, absorption of organlc matter, and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin ~ncorporation by iclytilus eduljs exposed to a high-tox~city isolate of the red tide dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (strain GtCA29, toxicity = 66 pg saxltoxin equivalents (STXeq) cell-'). Maximum ingestion rate was achieved at 150 to 250 cells ml-' Clearance rates on A. fundyense were about 48'1.;) lower than those for a non-toxic control diet of the diatom Thalassioslra weissflogii. Mussels with no prior h~story of exposure to PSP maintained a constant ingest~on rate over 17 d of exposure to a A. fundyense (at 256 cells ml-l), and absorbed ca 6 2 % of the organic matter ingested. They experienced no mortality or sublethal adverse effects during intoxication. Maximum (saturation) toxin levels of 4.5 X 10"ig STXeq 100g-' were attained after 12 to 13 d. a value comparable to maximum toxicities reported during major toxic bloom events. Mussels could exceed the quarantine toxin level (80 pg STXeq 100g-l) in < 1 h of exposure to high densities of this isolate. At saturation, they incorporated 79 O/o of the toxin ingested, primarily in the viscera. This provides the first estimate of toxin incorporation efficiency in a bivalve under steady state conditions. Dinoflagellate toxins, determined by HPLC, were dominated by carbamate derivatives. The muscle, mantle/gill and foot of M. edulis showed significant enrichment in STX and reduction in the gonyautoxins GTX2+3 and neoSTX relative to ingested cells. The toxin composition of the viscera more closely resembled that of ingested cells, reflecting the presence of numerous intact cells in gut contents. Through its potential use of A. fundyense as a sole food source, M eduljs is thus capable of remarkably efficient toxln accumulation at environmentally realistic dinoflagellate cell densities.
Pharmacology of pertussis toxin B-oligomer (1996)

Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a heterohexameric protein, which is divided into subunits A and B. The A-subunit (protomer) possesses adenine diphosphate (ADP) ribosyltransferase activity, and the B-oligomer confers cell surface binding specificity on the toxin. By virtue of the ADP-ribosylation activity in the A-subunit, PTX has become a very useful pharmacological tool for the identification of inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding (Gi) proteins in the plasma membrane. However, the pharmacological properties of the PTX B-oligomer are largely unknown. In the course of identifying its binding site(s), PTX B-oligomer was recently found to elicit direct cellular responses in a variety of cell types. Several cell surface receptors with oligosaccharide side chains have been shown to be specifically bound by PTX B-oligomer. Moreover, occupation of these putative receptors by the B-oligomer alone can trigger phospholipase C and tyrosine kinase dependent signal transduction events. The impact of these B-oligomer-mediated rapid signaling responses on the subsequent ADP-ribosylation of Gi protein by the A-subunit remains to be determined. These recent findings caution investigators not to attribute inhibitory effects of PTX solely to ADP-ribosylation of Gi protein without first examining the cellular responses using PTX B-oligomer.
A COMPENDIUM OF REPORTED HUMAN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTS (1970)

May and Sigmund Winter Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Marquette School of Medicine, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Expression and Molecular Analysis of the Arabidopsis<i>DXR</i> Gene Encoding 1-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-Xylulose 5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase, the First Committed Enzyme of the 2-<i>C</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway (2002)

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) catalyzes the first committed step of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, DXR is encoded by a single-copy gene. We have cloned a full-length cDNA corresponding to this gene. A comparative analysis of all plant DXR sequences known to date predicted an N-terminal transit peptide for plastids, with a conserved cleavage site, and a conserved proline-rich region at the N terminus of the mature protein, which is not present in the prokaryotic DXR homologs. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis DXR is targeted to plastids and localizes into chloroplasts of leaf cells. The presence of the proline-rich region in the mature Arabidopsis DXR was confirmed by detection with a specific antibody. A proof of the enzymatic function of this protein was obtained by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant defective in DXR activity. The expression pattern of beta-glucuronidase, driven by the DXR promoter in Arabidopsis transgenic plants, together with the tissue distribution of DXR transcript and protein, revealed developmental and environmental regulation of the DXR gene. The expression pattern of the DXR gene parallels that of the Arabidopsis 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene, but the former is slightly more restricted. These genes are expressed in most organs of the plant including roots, with higher levels in seedlings and inflorescences. The block of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway in Arabidopsis seedlings with fosmidomycin led to a rapid accumulation of DXR protein, whereas the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase protein level was not altered. Our results are consistent with the participation of the Arabidopsis DXR gene in the control of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway.
Enhanced reduced pin-count test for full-scan design (2002)

This paper presents enhanced reduced pin-count test (E-RPCT) for low-cost test. E-RPCT is an extension of traditional RPCT for circuits in which a large number of digital IC pins is multiplexed for scan. The basic concept of E-RPCT is to provide access to the internal scan chains via an IEEE 1149.1 compatible boundary-scan architecture, instead of direct access via the IC pins. The boundary-scan chain performs serial/parallel conversion of test data. E-RPCT also provides I/O wrap to test non-contacted pins. The paper presents E-PPCT for full-scan design, as well as for full-scan core-based design.
Characterization of a dielectric barrier discharge operating in an open reactor with flowing helium (2004)

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) generated by flowing helium between the parallel-plate electrodes of an open air reactor has been characterized using time resolved optical and electrical measurements. A sinusoidal voltage of up to 5 kV (peak to peak) of frequencies from 3 to 50 kHz has been applied to the discharge electrodes. The helium flow rate is varied up to 10 litre min(-1). The adjustment of flow rate allows the creation of uniform DBDs with optimized input power equal to 120 +/- 10 mW cm(-3). At flow rates from 4 to 6 litre min(-1) a uniform DBD is obtained. The maxima in the line intensities of N-2(+) and helium at 391.4 nm and 706.5 nm, respectively, 2 under those conditions indicate the importance of helium metastables and He-2(+) in sustaining such a discharge. The power efficiency and discharge 2 current show maxima when the DBD In He/air is uniform. The gas temperature during the discharge has been measured as 360 +/- 20 K.
Mean-Variance Analysis of Retailers Deploying RFID-Enabled Smart Shelves (2018)

Radio frequency identification (RFID)-enabled smart shelves have recently attracted enormous attention from both industry and academia. Retailers have an explosion of interest in deploying smart shelves for the automatic ordering and the reduction of inventory inaccuracy. This study explores the retailers’ optimal policy for investing in a smart shelf inventory control system. Since the decision maker’s risk attitude plays an important role in its investment in technology, we therefore specifically consider the retailers’ risk attitude. The risk attitude is measured by the mean-variance analysis. We derive analytical expressions for the benefit of the smart shelf and specify the conditions under which retailers should invest in it. We also show the explicit relationship between the retailer’s risk attitude and his optimal policy. Finally, we conduct a numerical analysis to provide managerial insights for retailers to invest in smart shelves.
A phosphotyrosine switch determines the antitumor activity of ERβ (2014)

Estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ share considerable sequence homology yet exert opposite effects on breast cancer cell proliferation. While the proliferative role of ERα in breast tumors is well characterized, it is not clear whether the antitumor activity of ERβ can be mobilized in breast cancer cells. Here, we have shown that phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue (Y36) present in ERβ, but not in ERα, dictates ERβ-specific activation of transcription and is required for ERβ-dependent inhibition of cancer cell growth in culture and in murine xenografts. Additionally, the c-ABL tyrosine kinase and EYA2 phosphatase directly and diametrically controlled the phosphorylation status of Y36 and subsequent ERβ function. A nonphosphorylatable, transcriptionally active ERβ mutant retained antitumor activity but circumvented control by upstream regulators. Phosphorylation of Y36 was required for ERβ-mediated coactivator recruitment to ERβ target promoters. In human breast cancer samples, elevated phosphorylation of Y36 in ERβ correlated with high levels of c-ABL but low EYA2 levels. Furthermore, compared with total ERβ, the presence of phosphorylated Y36-specific ERβ was strongly associated with both disease-free and overall survival in patients with stage II and III disease. Together, these data identify a signaling circuitry that regulates ERβ-specific antitumor activity and has potential as both a prognostic tool and a molecular target for cancer therapy.
Deep Learning for Technical Document Classification (2022)

In large technology companies, the requirements for managing and organizing technical documents created by engineers and managers have increased dramatically in recent years, which has led to a higher demand for more scalable, accurate, and automated document classification. Prior studies have only focused on processing text for classification, whereas technical documents often contain multimodal information. To leverage multimodal information for document classification to improve the model performance, this article presents a novel multimodal deep learning architecture, i.e., TechDoc, which utilizes three types of information, including natural language texts and descriptive images within documents and the associations among the documents. The architecture synthesizes the convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and graph neural network through an integrated training process. We applied the architecture to a large multimodal technical document database and trained the model for classifying documents based on the hierarchical International Patent Classification system. Our results show that TechDoc presents a greater classification accuracy than the unimodal methods and other state-of-the-art benchmarks. The trained model can potentially be scaled to millions of real-world multimodal technical documents, which is useful for data and knowledge management in large technology companies and organizations.
<i>N</i>‐acetylcysteine stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of mouse calvarial cells (2007)

Estrogen deficiency causes osteoporosis via increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus, antioxidants may prove to be the effective therapeutic candidates. We examined the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on osteoblastic differentiation in mouse calvarial cells. NAC (10-30 mM) enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation-associated genes and mineralized nodule formation. It also increased expression of bone morphogenetic proteins-2, -4, and -7. The osteogenic activity of NAC was partially reduced by inhibition of glutathione synthesis. Since caffeic acid phenethyl ester did not stimulate osteoblast differentiation, it is unlikely that ROS scavenging activity of NAC is sufficient for osteogenic activity. We observed that NAC suppressed small GTPase RhoA activity and activation of RhoA by Pasteurella multocida toxin suppressed the osteogenic activity of NAC. These results suggest that NAC might exert its osteogenic activity via increased glutathione synthesis and inhibition of RhoA activation.
New quadrupolar fluorophores with high two-photon excited fluorescence (1999)

New quadrupolar fluorophores that exhibit enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence were designed according to a molecular engineering approach based on push-push and pull-pull elongated molecules built from a rigid conjugated core (either dihydrophenanthrene or dithienothiophene).
Effects of amino-terminal extensions and specific mutations on the activity of restrictocin. (1992)

The cytotoxic activities of restrictocin with aminoterminal extensions and specific mutations were investigated using in vivo and in vitro systems. Genes were constructed from the cDNA clone of restrictocin which encode: the native form of restrictocin (including the leader sequence); Met-prorestrictocin, in which a codon for methionine was placed before a putative pro region; Met-mature restrictocin, with a methionine codon prior to the mature form of restrictocin; and three mutated forms of Met-mature restrictocin, E95G, E115G/H136L, and H136L. These constructions were placed under the control of the GAL1 promoter and were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transformants were killed, and a new RNA band formed when any of these genes except those containing the H136L mutation were expressed. Restrictocin protein was detected by immunoblot only in cells expressing the native form of restrictocin and the forms containing the H136L mutation. Native restrictocin, Met-prorestrictocin, and Met-mature restrictocin mRNA were translated in an in vitro system resulting in proteins of the expected molecular weight and inactivation of the translation system. Restrictocin was not inactivated by the presence of the leader sequence and the putative prosequence. Amino acid His136 is putatively in the active site of restrictocin by analogy to ribonuclease U2 and the elimination of toxic effects in the S. cerevisiae expression and in vitro translation systems.