gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Similarity of Complex Networks and Hidden Metric Spaces (2008)

We demonstrate that the self-similarity of some scale-free networks with respect to a simple degree-thresholding renormalization scheme finds a natural interpretation in the assumption that network nodes exist in hidden metric spaces. Clustering, i.e., cycles of length three, plays a crucial role in this framework as a topological reflection of the triangle inequality in the hidden geometry. We prove that a class of hidden variable models with underlying metric spaces are able to accurately reproduce the self-similarity properties that we measured in the real networks. Our findings indicate that hidden geometries underlying these real networks are a plausible explanation for their observed topologies and, in particular, for their self-similarity with respect to the degree-based renormalization.
GaInNAs/GaAs Quantum Well Growth by Chemical Beam Epitaxy (1998)

This is the first report on chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs). From the observed clear X-ray diffraction satellite peaks, the QW structure incorporating nitrogen supplied by radical nitrogen was successfully grown. The photoluminescence emission with the emission peak wavelength of 1.0 µm was observed from GaInNAs/GaAs QWs at room temperature. The wavelength could be elongated by increasing the amount of nitrogen and indium.
Maturation of Oocytes in Vitro (2015)

Only a fraction of oocytes present in the ovaries at birth are ever ovulated during the lifetime of a female mammal. In vitro maturation (IVM) offers the possibility to exploit what is a largely untapped biological resource. Although IVM is used routinely for the in vitro production of embryos in domestic species, especially cattle, its clinical use in human-assisted reproduction is still evolving. The successful recapitulation in vitro of the events associated with successful oocyte maturation is not always achieved, with the majority of immature oocytes typically failing to develop to the blastocyst stage. Evidence suggests that although culture conditions throughout in vitro embryo production may have a modest influence on the developmental potential of the early embryo, the quality of the oocyte at the start of the process is the key factor determining the proportion of oocytes developing to the blastocyst stage.
Toward the Asphaltene Structure by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Relaxation Studies at High Fields (3.4 T) (2016)

A series of 12 asphaltene samples extracted from heavy oils and the oxidized bitumen of different origin has been studied with high-frequency W-band (94 GHz) pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Transverse (T2e) and longitudinal (T1e) relaxation times of the free radical (FR) and the vanadyl porphyrin (VO2+) were measured for each sample. A significant contribution of the spectral diffusion to T2e has been revealed and ascribed to the dipole–dipole interaction between the FR and VO2+. This indicates that the distance between the FR and VO2+ does not exceed a few nanometers, which means, in turn, that VO2+ can participate in construction of the asphaltene aggregates via the intermolecular interactions.
Use of Reflectance Measurements for the Detection of N, P, K, ADF and NDF Contents in Sainfoin Pasture (2008)

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (P), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam.) pasture and canopy reflectance. Canopy reflectance measurements were made by using a portable spectroradiometer. An experiment was conducted in the Turkey in May and June in 2007 and 2008. Sainfoin pasture N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents correlated linearly with the reflectance ratios R780/650 (0.61≤ r² ≤0.80) and first derivatives of the reflectance ratios 760/630 (0.70≤ r² ≤0.84). Linear equations between each forage variable and reflectance or first derivatives reflectance had high r² (0.68≤ r² ≤0.83 and 0.79≤ r² ≤0.90, respectively) in R780 and R760 wavelengths. In stepwise regression of the reflectance (in 460, 550, 650 and 780 nm wavelengths), the r² of predicted and measured N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents of sainfoin pasture were (0.85, 0.85, 0.78, 0.81 and 0.74, respectively), in stepwise regression of the first derivatives of reflectance (in 440, 530, 630 and 760 nm wavelengths), the r² of predicted and measured N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents of sainfoin pasture were (0.87, 0.91, 0.83, 0.93 and 0.86, respectively). Our results suggest that canopy reflectance in blue, green, red and near infrared wavebands with NIR/Red and NDVI ratios can be used for nondestructive prediction of forage quality variables in sainfoin pasture.
Albuminuria, a Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Protection in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Nephropathy (2004)

Albuminuria is an important factor predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Reducing albuminuria in the first 6 months appears to afford cardiovascular protection in these patients.
Energy, economic, and environmental impacts of advanced technology in the process industries (1997)

The spreadsheet-based economic model shown here has been successfully used to analyze the impacts of technology used in a variety of industrial areas. It generates projections on energy, waste, and production cost savings that can be used to gauge the potential benefits that may result from technology adoption. The model is highly flexible, and can be used to incorporate unique benefits that fall outside the realm of energy savings. Although only aggregated results are shown here to protect developer confidentially, it is obvious that when the same information is viewed on the project level it can be invaluable to the research program manager. With the data provided by the model the value of a project can be assessed in terms of the federal investment as well as national impacts. This is a distinct advantage for government research managers who much allocate very scarce federal research funds among a multitude of potentially important research projects.
Development of advanced parking assistance system (2003)

This paper is the first to apply a multilevel driver assistance system in the development of a system to aid in the parking process. The development of this system is described within the iCAN (intelligent car navigation systems) project framework. A parking assistance system, parking administration system, and employed sensor system are described. The general architecture of a driver assistance system based on path planning and human-machine interface (HMI) modules is proposed. The paper follows describing the parking assistance system development using this architecture. The parking possibility region-based path-planning method proposed for implementing the proposed architecture is described, as is the design of the system's HMI. A prototype of the parking assistance system based on the proposed architecture was constructed. The adopted hardware, software, and implementation solutions in this prototype construction are described. Finally, the results of lane and row parking experiments conducted using the prototype system are shown.
Application of Corrosion Growth and Analysis in Support of Direct Assessment Reassessment Intervals (2006)

Abstract Direct Assessment is a structured process that is used to evaluate the integrity of pipelines subjected to external and internal corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The successful application of direct assessment is predicated on establishing a reliable and defensible reassessment interval that depends on establishing the remaining life of un-repaired defects remaining in the pipe wall. An accurate assessment of corrosion growth rates is required to predict the remaining life of such defects. A wide variety of unqualified corrosion rates are offered in the literature that may not directly lend themselves to the application of direct assessment. Various techniques are discussed for establishing reliable corrosion growth rates and quantifying the effects of corrosion induced by stray electrical currents, microbial activity and differential aeration corrosion cells. The focus of this paper is External Corrosion Direct Assessment .
Effects of statins on biomarkers of bone metabolism: a randomised trial. (2001)

The present serum bone biomarker results show that treatment with simvastatin, but not atorvastatin, decreases BSAP and suggest that simvastatin may have a beneficial effect on bone turnover.
Stabilization of Platinum Clusters by Substitutional Boron Dopants in Carbon Supports (2006)

To stabilize platinum clusters on carbon supports, carbon substituted boron dopants were introduced in graphite and fullerene models, and the binding energies of Pt(1) to Pt(6) clusters on the carbon supports were investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption energies of the Pt clusters increased significantly in the presence of boron. The adsorption energies of Ru(1) and Au(1) were also found to dramatically increase in the presence of boron.
Transduction of CpG DNA-stimulated primary human B cells with bicistronic lentivectors (2005)

Recently, using HIV-1-derived lentivectors, we obtained efficient transduction of primary human B lymphocytes cocultured with murine EL-4 B5 thymoma cells, but not of isolated B cells activated by CD40 ligation. Coculture with a cell line is problematic for gene therapy applications or study of gene functions. We have now found that transduction of B cells in a system using CpG DNA was comparable to that in the EL-4 B5 system. A monocistronic vector with a CMV promoter gave 32 +/- 4.7% green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ cells. A bicistronic vector, encoding IL-4 and GFP in the first and second cistrons, respectively, gave 14.2 +/- 2.1% GFP+ cells and IL-4 secretion of 1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/10(5) B cells/24 h. This was similar to results obtained in CD34+ cells using the elongation factor-1alpha promoter. Activated memory and naive B cells were transducible. After transduction with a bicistronic vector encoding a viral FLIP molecule, vFLIP was detectable by FACS or Western blot in GFP+, but not in GFP-, B cells, and 57% of sorted GFP+ B cells were protected against Fas ligand-induced cell death. This system should be useful for gene function research in primary B cells and development of gene therapies.
Preparation and analysis of a flexible curing agent for epoxy resin (2009)

Abstract A kind of novel aromatic amine bis(4‐nonyl‐2,5‐diamine‐penoxyl)alkylate (RA n ) as curing agents for epoxy resins were prepared through three steps of reactions using nonyl phenol and dibromoalkylate as materials. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the secondary relaxation for the resins cured by RA n were generated by the nonyls in RA n molecules when temperature was below −50°C. Comparing with other reference resins, the enhancement for toughness of RA n cured‐resins were at least 15%, which were contributed by such secondary relaxation. Furthermore, stiffness of the networks and thermal properties of the resins were not influent by the flexible groups (nonyl) in RA n after curing, since the groups were located only in the branched chains of the networks. The mechanical and thermal properties of the new material have been significantly enhanced. The relevant method and procedure developed through this research have been granted Chinese patent recently (Yang and Gong, Chin. Pat. CN1978483A, 2007). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Revised procedure for pavement design under seasonal frost conditions (1983)

Fil ter over sub grade
Femtocell geo-location challenge: DSL approach as solution (2014)

Femtocell or Home eNode cell in LTE is a home base station that anticipated to be deployed in very large numbers with fully automated manner. Femtocell provides enhanced coverage for in-building cellular services. The enhanced data rates enable new multimedia services which in turn generate new revenue. However, with all the convenience such device can provide, locating the user's geographic location represents a great deal of challenge for law enforcement and operators alike. In this work we propose a simple and direct approach that does not require any changes in the network or in the femtocell standard design by exploiting the connection between the femtocell and the network operator through the DSL backhaul. Result shows the proposed approach has achieved successfully the goal of locating the geographic location of the femtocell user precisely.
A mutual information approach to automatic calibration of camera and lidar in natural environments (2012)

This paper presents a method for calibrating the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of a camera and a lidar scanner. The approach uses normalised mutual information to compare an image with a lidar scan. A camera model that takes into account orientation, location and focal length is used to create a 2D lidar image, with the intensity of the pixels dened by the angle of the normals in the lidar scan. Particle swarm optimisation is used to nd the optimal model parameters. The method is successfully validated in a natural environment with images collected by a hyperspectral and a 3D lidar scanner.
Glutamate decarboxylase from barley embryos and roots. General properties and the occurrence of three enzymic forms. (1975)

Glutamate decarboxylase in extracts of barley has a Km value for L-glutamate of 22 mM and is activated by the addition of pyridoxal phosphate by up to 3.5 times. Sucrose-density-gradient experiments indicate the presence of two enzyme forms with molecular weights 256000 and 120000. The lower-molecular-weight form appears to be relatively inactive and spontaneously associates to the higher-molecular-weight form on storage. The enzyme is inhibited by thiol reagents and the distribution of activity on density gradients is altered in favour of the lower-molecular-weight form by the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. After removal of the 2-mercaptoethanol spontaneous association to the higher-molecular-weight form occurs. The presence of oxygen in the extraction buffer and in the water during imbibition leads to a relative increase in the higher-molecular-weight form compared with situations where oxygen is excluded. In contrast, glutamate decarboxylase in extracts of 3-day-old barley roots has a Km value for L-glutamate of 3.1 mM and is activated up to 10% by addition of pyridoxal phosphate. The root enzyme occurs as a single species with molecular weight 310000 and this is unaffected by 2-mercaptoethanol although thiol reagents do act as weak inhibitors. The molecular weight is also unaffected by the presence or absence of oxygen in the extraction buffers.
Influence of Active Dendritic Currents on Input-Output Processing in Spinal Motoneurons In Vivo (2003)

The extensive dendritic tree of the adult spinal motoneuron generates a powerful persistent inward current (PIC). We investigated how this dendritic PIC influenced conversion of synaptic input to rhythmic firing. A linearly increasing, predominantly excitatory synaptic input was generated in triceps ankle extensor motoneurons by slow stretch (duration: 2-10 s) of the Achilles tendon in the decerebrate cat preparation. The firing pattern evoked by stretch was measured by injecting a steady current to depolarize the cell to threshold for firing. The effective synaptic current (I(N), the net synaptic current reaching the soma of the cell) evoked by stretch was measured during voltage clamp. Hyperpolarized holding potentials were used to minimize the activation of the dendritic PIC and thus estimate stretch-evoked I(N) for a passive dendritic tree (I(N,PASS)). Depolarized holding potentials that approximated the average membrane potential during rhythmic firing allowed strong activation of the dendritic PIC and thus resulted in marked enhancement of the total stretch-evoked I(N) (I(N,TOT)). The net effect of the dendritic PIC on the generation of rhythmic firing was assessed by plotting stretch-evoked firing (strong PIC activation) versus stretch-evoked I(N,PASS) (minimal PIC activation). The gain of this input-output function for the neuron (I-O(N)) was found to be ~2.7 times as high as for the standard injected frequency current (F-I) function in low-input conductance neurons. However, about halfway through the stretch, firing rate tended to become constant, resulting in a sharp saturation in I-O(N) that was not present in F-I. In addition, the gain of I-O(N) decreased sharply with increasing input conductance, resulting in much lower stretch-evoked firing rates in high-input conductance cells. All three of these phenomena (high initial gain, saturation, and differences in low- and high-input conductance cells) were also readily apparent in the differences between stretch-evoked I(N,TOT) and I(N, PASS) and thus could be accounted for by the activation of the dendritic PIC. As a result, stretch-evoked I(N,TOT) and F-I provided an accurate prediction of the overall change in stretch-evoked firing. However, in about half of the low-input conductance cells, the rate of rise of firing in response to stretch was not smoothly graded but instead consisted of a rapid surge. Stretch-evoked I(N,TOT) was always smoothly graded. This suggests that although stretch-evoked I(N,TOT) can be used to predict the overall change in firing, prediction of the dynamics of firing may be less accurate.
High permittivity and low dielectric loss in ceramics with the nominal compositions of CaCu3−xLa2x∕3Ti4O12 (2007)

Ceramics with the nominal compositions of CaCu3−xLa2x∕3Ti4O12 were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction technique. It was found that these ceramics have the properties of rather high dielectric permittivity and sufficiently low dielectric loss. In particular, CaCu2.9La0.2∕3Ti4O12 ceramics sintered at 1050°C for 20h showed the high dielectric permittivity of 7500 with weak frequency dependence below 1MHz, the low dielectric loss less than 0.05 in the wide frequency range of 120Hz–200kHz (with the minimum 0.012 at 20kHz), and the small temperature coefficient about ±15ppm∕°C between −80 and 125°C. From the analysis, it was suggested that CaTiO3 secondary phase due to Cu deficiency and La doping plays the important roles in the observed excellent dielectric properties in CaCu3−xLa2x∕3Ti4O12 ceramics. The results indicated that they are a very promising class of high-permittivity materials for practical applications.
Inhibition of interferon-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex class II gene transcription by interferon-beta and type beta 1 transforming growth factor in human astrocytoma cells. Definition of cis-element. (1993)

To address mechanisms by which cytokines inhibit interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)-induced gene expression in astrocytic cells, we have been studying effects of type beta 1 transforming growth factor (TGF beta 1) and interferon-beta (IFN beta) on IFN gamma-induced expression of the well-characterized human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene DRA. This investigation was motivated by the observations that IFN gamma-induced expression of MHC class II antigen expression on astrocytic cells can be blocked in a tissue-specific fashion by several cytokines and neurotransmitters in tissue culture and that astrocyte expression of MHC class II is severely restricted in vivo. We previously showed that IFN beta inhibited IFN gamma-induced DRA expression at the transcriptional level. This inhibition was not global, since IFN gamma-induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was not affected. Here, TGF beta 1-mediated inhibition of DRA is shown to exhibit similar characteristics. To address the mechanism of this inhibition, sequence requirements for IFN beta and TGF beta 1 to suppress IFN gamma-induced transcription of DRA were determined. A 135-base pair DRA sequence element containing the IFN gamma-responsive region and transcriptional start site was sufficient to direct IFN beta- or TGF beta 1-mediated suppression of a reporter gene. These experiments suggested that either IFN beta or TGF beta 1 could repress IFN gamma-induced DRA transcription directly, without requiring a cis-element extrinsic to the IFN gamma-inducible DRA sequences. Consistently similar effects of IFN beta and TGF beta 1 observed in these experiments prompted comparison of other gene regulatory effects of the two cytokines. TGF beta 1, unlike IFN beta, induced gene expression directed by upstream elements of the gene encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1. IFN beta, unlike TGF beta 1, enhanced levels of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity. Additionally, direct assay of TGF beta 1 and monoclonal anti-TGF beta antibody blocking experiments were used to determine that cells treated with IFN beta did not produce increased amounts of active or latent TGF beta. These data argued that IFN beta and TGF beta 1 utilized distinct pathways to mediate the inhibition of IFN gamma-induced DRA transcription.
Computer-aided multiple-head 3D printing system for printing of heterogeneous organ/tissue constructs (2016)

Recently, much attention has focused on replacement or/and enhancement of biological tissues via the use of cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds with an architecture that mimics the tissue matrix, and with the desired three-dimensional (3D) external geometry. However, mimicking the heterogeneous tissues that most organs and tissues are formed of is challenging. Although multiple-head 3D printing systems have been proposed for fabricating heterogeneous cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds, to date only the simple exterior form has been realized. Here we describe a computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system for this application. We aim to develop an algorithm to enable easy, intuitive design and fabrication of a heterogeneous cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds with a free-form 3D geometry. The printing paths of the scaffold are automatically generated from the 3D CAD model, and the scaffold is then printed by dispensing four materials; i.e., a frame, two kinds of cell-laden hydrogel and a support. We demonstrated printing of heterogeneous tissue models formed of hydrogel scaffolds using this approach, including the outer ear, kidney and tooth tissue. These results indicate that this approach is particularly promising for tissue engineering and 3D printing applications to regenerate heterogeneous organs and tissues with tailored geometries to treat specific defects or injuries.
PatSearch: a pattern matcher software that finds functional elements in nucleotide and protein sequences and assesses their statistical significance (2000)

A Web interface is available at: http://bigarea.area.ba.cnr.it:8000/EmbIT/Pats earch.html.
NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with HLA-DR genes that share amino acid sequence motif QKRAA/QRRAA from position 70 to 74 in the third hypervariable region of DR1 molecule. The contribution of HLA in RA is however about 37%, suggesting a role for other genes. One such candidate is the gene that encodes natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1), which plays a crucial role in inflammation and tissue destruction. In the present study, we examined the role of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to RA. The results show that variation at position 543 in exon 15, which involves substitution of negatively charged aspartic acid (D) by uncharged asparagine (N), and the deletion of TGTG in the 3' UTR may confer protection from development of RA.