gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Foreground/Background Segmentation Based on Graph Cut (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of natural image segmentation. We develop the interactive image segmentation system and construct two-scale graphs, including region-based graph and pixel-level graph. Building region-level graph is to partition the image into several constituent components. Graph cut is used to extract the foreground object from the image. New data cost functions are defined in the graph cut framework. Under some circumstances, boundary edit based on a pixel-level graph is performed in order to get accurate foreground edges. Experimental results prove that new cost functions are valid and satisfying segmentation results can be obtained by limited user efforts.
Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization in Ferromagnetic Metals (2000)

The laser-induced femtosecond demagnetization in ferromagnetic metals is investigated theoretically. Different from the conventional nanosecond one, this ultrafast demagnetization is a cooperative effect of the external laser field and the internal spin-orbit coupling. The spin-orbit coupling smears out the original identities of triplets and singlets while the laser field uses it as an avenue to influence demagnetization. Importantly, this demagnetization can be manipulated controllably, an essential point to future applications, such as ultrafast control of magneto-optical gating. Finally, the polarization filter effect on the ultrafast time scale is discussed based upon the present theoretical results.
Hippocampal Endosomal, Lysosomal, and Autophagic Dysregulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2015)

Endosomal-lysosomal and autophagic dysregulation occurs in the hippocampus in prodromal Alzheimer disease (AD), but its relationship with β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we performed immunoblot analysis of hippocampal homogenates from cases with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Western blot analysis revealed significant increases in the acid hydrolase cathepsin D and early endosome marker rabaptin5 in the MCI group compared with AD, whereas levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin proteins (pmTOR), total mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p62, traf6, and LilrB2 were comparable across clinical groups. Hippocampal Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 concentrations and AT8-immunopositive neurofibrillary tangle density were not significantly different across the clinical groups. Greater cathepsin D expression was associated with global cognitive score and episodic memory score but not with mini mental state examination or advanced neuropathology criteria. These results indicate that alterations in hippocampal endosomal-lysosomal proteins in MCI are independent of tau or Aβ pathology.
Effect of a microstructure on the formation of self-assembled laser cavities in polycrystalline ZnO (2001)

The optical properties of polycrystalline ZnO have been studied to elucidate the occurrence of random laser action. The spatially-resolved refractive index has been mapped out by using the scanning electron energy loss spectroscopy across the grain boundary. It is observed that the refractive index decreases gradually when the probe beam is approaching to the grain boundary. A thin reflective layer of ∼10 nm is found to form in the vicinity of the grain boundary, which assists the optical scattering. The photon scattering factor of the reflective layer has been determined and is shown to correlate well with the results of the coherent backscattering method. Together with the cathodoluminescence studies, it is suggested that the overall structure, which includes the grain and grain boundary, determines the laser action in ZnO.
Self-regulating gene: An exact solution (2005)

An exact steady-state solution of the stochastic equations governing the behavior of a gene regulated by a self-generated proteomic atmosphere is presented. The solutions depend on an adiabaticity parameter measuring the relative rate of DNA-protein unbinding and protein degradation. The steady-state solution reveals deviations from the commonly used Ackers et al approximation based on the equilibrium law of mass action, allowing anticooperative behavior in the "nonadiabatic" limit of slow binding and unbinding rates. Noise from binding and unbinding events dominates the shot noise of protein synthesis and degradation up to quite high values of the adiabaticity parameter.
Cascade Michael−Aldol Reactions Promoted by Hydrogen Bonding Mediated Catalysis (2007)

Highly enantio- and diastereoselective tandem Michael−aldol reactions, efficiently catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid thiourea via synergistic noncovalent hydrogen-bonding activation of both the Michael donor and acceptor, have been developed. The process affords a powerful means for the construction of versatile chiral thiochromanes with the formation of three stereogenic centers in a one-pot synthesis from simple achiral compounds.
Image-Based Implicit Object Modeling: Direct and Indirect Multi-Resolution Methods. (2001)

In this paper we discuss two imagebased 3D modeling methods based on a multi-resolution evolution of a volumetric function&apos;s levelset. In the former the role of the levelset implosion is to fuse (&quot;sew&apos; &apos; and &quot;stitch&quot;) together several partial reconstructions (depth maps) into a closed model. In the latter the levelset&apos;s implosion is steered directly by the texture mismatch between views. Both solutions share the characteristic of operating in an adaptive multi-resolution fashion, in order to boost up computational efficiency and robustness.
Docosahexaenoic acid metabolome in neural tumors: identification of cytotoxic intermediates (2009)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) protects neural cells from stress-induced apoptosis. On the contrary, DHA exerts anticancer effects, and we have shown that DHA induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. We now investigate the DHA metabolome in neuroblastoma using a targeted lipidomic approach in order to elucidate the mechanisms behind the DHA-induced cytotoxicity. LC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify DHA-derived lipid mediators in neuroblastoma cells. Presence of the 15-lipoxygenase enzyme was investigated using immunoblotting, and cytotoxic potency of DHA and DHA-derived compounds was compared using the MTT cell viability assay. Neuroblastoma cells metabolized DHA to 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) via 17-hydroperoxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HpDHA) through 15-lipoxygenase and autoxidation. In contrast to normal neural cells, neuroblastoma cells did not produce the anti-inflammatory and protective lipid mediators, resolvins and protectins. 17-HpDHA had significant cytotoxic potency, with an IC(50) of 3-6 microM at 72 h, compared to 12-15 microM for DHA. alpha-Tocopherol protected cells from 17-HpDHA-induced cytotoxicity. DHA inhibited secretion of prostaglandin-E(2) and augmented the cytotoxic potency of the cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitor celecoxib. The cytotoxic effect of DHA in neuroblastoma is mediated through production of hydroperoxy fatty acids that accumulate to toxic intracellular levels with restricted production of its products, resolvins and protectins.-Gleissman, H., Yang, R., Martinod, K., Lindskog, M., Serhan, C. N., Johnsen, J. I., Kogner, P. Docosahexaenoic acid metabolome in neural tumors: identification of cytotoxic intermediates.
Average rate updating mechanism in proportional fair scheduler for HDR (2005)

The average rate updating mechanism was first promoted for the starvation problem emerging when some user experiences a sudden drop in channel quality or just keeps on moving backward from the base station under the proportional fair scheduler in the HDR system. Although proportional fair scheduling has received much theoretic research attention recently for its attractive capability on the tradeoff between system utility and fairness, the influence of average rate updating mechanism to the performance of scheduler has been neglected. We point out here that the previous rate update mechanism based on fixed time window is insufficient in keeping the users from starvation. Furthermore, updating the average rate to users with no data to send may not get the overall maximized system utility. We also promote a new average update mechanism as the basis of the proportional fair scheduling algorithm. Simulation and analysis show that this novel design with starvation supervision has better performance over the traditional design.
Minimizing light absorption measurement artifacts of the Aethalometer: evaluation of five correction algorithms (2010)

Abstract. The aerosol light absorption coefficient is an essential parameter involved in atmospheric radiation budget calculations. The Aethalometer (AE) has the great advantage of measuring the aerosol light absorption coefficient at several wavelengths, but the derived absorption coefficients are systematically too high when compared to reference methods. Up to now, four different correction algorithms of the AE absorption coefficients have been proposed by several authors. A new correction scheme based on these previously published methods has been developed, which accounts for the optical properties of the aerosol particles embedded in the filter. All the corrections have been tested on six datasets representing different aerosol types and loadings and include multi-wavelength AE and white-light AE. All the corrections have also been evaluated through comparison with a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) for four datasets lasting between 6 months and five years. The modification of the wavelength dependence by the different corrections is analyzed in detail. The performances and the limits of all AE corrections are determined and recommendations are given.
LONDON BOOKSHOPS (1968)

Journal Article LONDON BOOKSHOPS Get access E. G. S. E. G. S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 15, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 2-b–2, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/15-1-2b Published: 01 January 1968
Dynamic Hybrid Metasurfaces (2021)

Efficient hybrid plasmonic-photonic metasurfaces that simultaneously take advantage of the potential of both pure metallic and all-dielectric nanoantennas are identified as an emerging technology in flat optics. Nevertheless, postfabrication tunable hybrid metasurfaces are still elusive. Here, we present a reconfigurable hybrid metasurface platform by incorporating the phase-change material Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> (GST) into metal-dielectric meta-atoms for active and nonvolatile tuning of properties of light. We systematically design a reduced-dimension meta-atom, which selectively controls the hybrid plasmonic-photonic resonances of the metasurface via the dynamic change of optical constants of GST without compromising the scattering efficiency. As a proof-of-concept, we experimentally demonstrate two tunable metasurfaces that control the amplitude (with relative modulation depth as high as ≈80%) or phase (with tunability >230°) of incident light promising for high-contrast optical switching and efficient anomalous to specular beam deflection, respectively. Our findings further substantiate dynamic hybrid metasurfaces as compelling candidates for next-generation reprogrammable meta-optics.
Novel Approach for Analysis and Design of High-Speed Electrical Impedance Tomographic System for Void Fraction Measurements in Fast Two-Phase Flows (2017)

Electrical impedance tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique capable of void fraction measurements of two-phase flows at high-acquisition rates. This paper presents the design features of an in-house developed prototype fast EIT system and a 16 electrodes sensor. With simplified system architecture, the voltage of the excitation signal is controlled and the current is measured. The proposed full scan data collection strategy opens up new prospects for novel flow regime identification and image reconstruction techniques currently under development. A new calibration procedure that is based on the data from full scan strategy provides reliable absolute measurements in applications, where reference measurements are not available or reliable (e.g., gas-liquid flows with drifts of liquid phase temperature). Experimental results are compared with the analytical and numerical solutions. Fundamental studies for understanding the contact impedance give insight on the influence of important parameters: excitation frequency and liquid conductivity. The quality of the measurements at different frame rates is analyzed. The repeatability at 80 kHz of the prototype highlights similar figure of merit than reported fast EIT systems. The increase in frame acquisition rate allows up to 6250 frames per second for adjacent strategy and up to 833 frames per seconds for full scan strategy.
ElastIC: An Adaptive Self-Healing Architecture for Unpredictable Silicon (2006)

ElastIC must deal with extremes a multiple core processor subjected to huge process variations, transistor degradations at varying rates, and device failures. In this article, we present a broad vision of a new cohesive architecture, ElastIC, which can provide a pathway to successful design in unpredictable silicon. ElastIC is based on aggressive run-time self-diagnosis, adaptivity, and self-healing. It incorporates several novel concepts in these areas and brings together research efforts from the device, circuit, testing, and microarchitecture domains. Architectures like ElastIC will become vital in extremely scaled CMOS technologies (such as 22 nm); ideally, they will target applications such as multimedia, Web services, and transaction processing
A Review of Vibration Monitoring as a Diagnostic Tool for Turbine Blade Faults (2012)

Vibration monitoring is widely recognized as an effective tool for the detection and diagnosis of incipient failures of gas turbines. This paper presents a review of vibration based methods for turbine blade faults. Methods typically involved analysis of blade passing frequencies, and extraction of dynamic signals from the measured vibration response. This includes frequency analysis, wavelet analysis, neural networks and fuzzy logic and model based analysis. The literature reviewed showed that vibration could detect most types of blade faults on the basis that dynamic signals are correctly extracted using the most appropriate signal processing method.
Fine particle perovskite processing (1984)

Preparation de BaTiO 3 a partir d'alcoolates en utilisant les techniques de pressage a froid et de frittage. Le dopage peut se faire avec une terre-rare ou du Niobium. Etude des proprietes electriques des produits ainsi obtenus
Schwitzer Variable Geometry Turbo and microprocessor Control Design and Evaluation (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The basic aerodynamic design criteria and methodology used in the design of the variable geometry turbine are presented along with gas stand test results.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A microprocessor controller was designed and tested with the engine and VPT. Both the development of the controller and the exploration of the optimum relationship between the VPT turbo and the engine are presented along with steady-state engine data.</div>
Therapeutic Arteriogenesis/Angiogenesis for Peripheral Arterial Disease by Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pitavastatin into Vascular Endothelial Cells (2020)

Two decades have passed since therapeutic angiogenesis was proposed to promote reparative collateral growth as an alternative therapy for ischemic diseases in patients for whom neither surgical revascularization nor endovascular therapy was suitable. When therapeutic angiogenesis first began, local administration was conducted using recombinant growth factor proteins or gene-encoding growth factors for endothelial cells. Since then, autologous stem cells and endothelial progenitor cell transplantation therapy have been developed. Although many clinical trials have been performed on patients, most therapies have not yet become standard treatments. We have developed a nanoparticle (NP)-mediated, drug-targeting delivery system using bioabsorbable poly-lactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs. In several animal models, pitavastatin-incorporated (Pitava)-NPs showed significant therapeutic effects on critical limb ischemia. Because PLGA NPs are delivered selectively to vascular endothelial cells after intramuscular administration, it is suggested that therapeutic angiogenesis/arteriogenesis plays an important role in the mechanism by which Pitava-NPs exert beneficial therapeutic effects. To translate this to clinical medicine, we have performed studies and produced Pitava-NPs in compliance with good laboratory practice/good manufacturing practice regulations, and completed a phase I/II clinical trial, reporting the safety and efficacy of Pitava-NP intramuscular injection for patients with critical limb ischemia. This review will focus on therapeutic angiogenesis/arteriogenesis for peripheral arterial disease induced by Pitava-NPs.
Relationships between Nutrient Heterogeneity, Root Growth, and Hormones: Evidence for Interspecific Variation (2018)

(1) Background: Plant roots respond to nutrients through root architecture that is regulated by hormones. Strong inter-specific variation in root architecture has been well documented, but physiological mechanisms that may control the variation have not. (2) Methods: We examined correlations between root architecture and hormones to seek clues on mechanisms behind root foraging behavior. In the green house at Beijing Normal University, hydroponic culture experiments were used to examine the root responses of four species-<i>Callistephus chinensis</i>, <i>Solidago canadensis</i>, <i>Ailanthus altissima</i>, <i>Oryza sativa-</i>to two nitrogen types (NO₃<sup>-</sup> or NH₄⁺), three nitrogen concentrations (low, medium, and high concentrations of 0.2, 1, and 18 mM, respectively) and two ways of nitrogen application (stable vs. variable). The plants were harvested after 36 days to measure root mass, 1st order root length, seminal root length for <i>O. sativa</i>, density of the 1st order laterals, seminal root number for <i>O. sativa</i>, the inter-node length of the 1st order laterals, and root hormone contents of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins (zeatin + zeatinriboside). (3) Results: Species differed significantly in their root architecture responses to nitrogen treatments. They also differed significantly in hormone responses to the nitrogen treatments. Additionally, the correlations between root architecture and hormone responses were quite variable across the species. Each hormone had highly species-specific relationships with root responses. (4) Conclusions: Our finding implies that a particular root foraging behavior is probably not controlled by the same biochemical pathway in all species.
Objective Assessment of Sonographic: Quality II Acquisition Information Spectrum (2012)

This paper describes a task-based, information-theoretic approach to the assessment of image quality in diagnostic sonography. We expand the Kullback-Leibler divergence metric J, which quantifies the diagnostic information contained within recorded radio-frequency echo signals, into a spatial-frequency integral comprised of two spectral components: one describes patient features for low-contrast diagnostic tasks and the other describes instrumentation properties. The latter quantity is the acquisition information spectrum (AIS), which measures the density of object information that an imaging system is able to transfer to the echo data at each spatial frequency. AIS is derived based on unique properties of acoustic scattering in tissues that generate object contrast. Predictions made by the J integral expression were validated through Monte Carlo studies using echo-signal data from simulated lesions. Our analysis predicts the diagnostic performance of any sonographic system at specific diagnostic tasks based on engineering properties of the instrument that constitute image quality.
Quenching and radical formation in the reaction of photoexcited benzophenone with thiols and thio ethers (sulfides). Nanosecond flash studies (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuenching and radical formation in the reaction of photoexcited benzophenone with thiols and thio ethers (sulfides). Nanosecond flash studiesShai Inbar, Henry Linschitz, and Saul G. CohenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 6, 1679–1682Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00370a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00370a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views492Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cellulase production using different streams of wheat grain- and wheat straw-based ethanol processes (2010)

Pretreatment is a necessary step in the biomass-to-ethanol conversion process. The side stream of the pretreatment step is the liquid fraction, also referred to as the hydrolyzate, which arises after the separation of the pretreated solid and is composed of valuable carbohydrates along with compounds that are potentially toxic to microbes (mainly furfural, acetic acid, and formic acid). The aim of our study was to utilize the liquid fraction from steam-exploded wheat straw as a carbon source for cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei RUT C30. Results showed that without detoxification, the fungus failed to utilize any dilution of the hydrolyzate; however, after a two-step detoxification process, it was able to grow on a fourfold dilution of the treated liquid fraction. Supplementation of the fourfold-diluted, treated liquid fraction with washed pretreated wheat straw or ground wheat grain led to enhanced cellulase (filter paper) activity. Produced enzymes were tested in hydrolysis of washed pretreated wheat straw. Supplementation with ground wheat grain provided a more efficient enzyme mixture for the hydrolysis by means of the near-doubled β-glucosidase activity obtained.
Metal-Organic-Framework-Mediated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for CO<sub>2</sub> Electrochemical Reduction (2018)

A nitrogen-doped carbon was synthesized through the pyrolysis of the well-known metal-organic framework ZIF-8, followed by a subsequent acid treatment, and has been applied as a catalyst in the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The resulting electrode shows Faradaic efficiencies to carbon monoxide as high as ∼78%, with hydrogen being the only byproduct. The pyrolysis temperature determines the amount and the accessibility of N species in the carbon electrode, in which pyridinic-N and quaternary-N species play key roles in the selective formation of carbon monoxide.