gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferred antagonist binding state of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor: synthesis, pharmacology, and computer modeling of (phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine derivatives (1992)

A series of substituted [phosphono-, sulfo-, carboxy-, and (N-hydroxycarbamoyl)methyl]phenylalanines were synthesized as probes for the investigation of the preferred antagonist state of the NMDA receptor antagonists. The potency of these compounds was evaluated by measuring electrophysiological responses induced by NMDA in cultured mouse cortical neurons. 3-(Phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine [1(m)] a formal AP7 analogue, has been shown to be the most potent antagonist in this study with an IC50 of around 5 microM. The isomeric 2-(phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine [1(o)] was about half as active as 1(m) and as active as compound 5(3), a derivative which is cis-hydrogenated on the phenyl ring of 1(m). Replacement of a phosphono by a sulfo group led to a large reduction in the ability of these compounds to antagonize NMDA responses, although the ortho and meta isomers retained some activity in their reduced forms. In both series the para isomers were almost completely inactive at 100 microM. Introduction of a carboxyl or a bidentate HONHCO group in place of the phosphono moiety in the 3-position results in compounds devoid of activity. The active and inactive compounds of this study were used in conjunction with the most potent linear and cyclic phosphono-containing NMDA antagonists reported to date to determine, via computer modeling techniques, a three-dimensional model corresponding to a antagonist preferring state of the NMDA binding site. This structure defines a pharmacophore which is characterized by (i) well-defined distances between the central atoms of the polar groups PO3H-, NHn+, (n = 2, 3), and COO- (P-N = 5.89 +/- 0.12 A, P-C = 6.66 +/- 0.08 A, and N-C = 2.28 +/- 0.01 A), (ii) a sterically allowed region between the C5 methylene and the PO3H- group, and (iii) a molecular electrostatic field in which the positive, neutral, and negative potential zones are self-contained--with the negative potential zone connecting the PO3H- and COO- groups as the largest. We have compared our results to a preliminary model of the NMDA antagonist site by Hutchison et al. and to a topological model of the NMDA-glycine receptor site by Cordi et al. Our proposed steric-electrostatic pharmacophore which refines, simplifies, and improves these models has now to be validated by the design of new NMDA antagonists.
Efficient and Long-Time Stable Red Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Quinoxaline Ligands (2009)

We report the design and characterization of three heteroleptic orange-red phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes bearing two 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-quinoxaline (fpmqx) cyclometalated ligands combined with three different ancillary ligands, triazolylpyridine (trz), picolinate (pic), and acetylacetonate (acac). All of these complexes emit an orange to red color in the spectral range of 605-628 nm in dichloromethane. Strong spin-orbit coupling of the iridium atom allows the formally forbidden mixing of singlet and triplet states. Because of the structureless phosphorescent line shapes and low Stokes shifts between triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) absorption and phosphorescent emission, we propose that emission originates predominantly from the (3)MLCT state with a lesser admixture of totally ligand-based (3)(pi-pi*) states. The influence of 5d-electron densities of the iridium center on highest occupied molecular orbitals leads to high emission quantum yields in toluene (Phi(p) = 0.39-0.42) and to short triplet lifetimes. Cyclovoltammetry measurements show reversible oxidation peaks from 0.74 to 0.92 V and reversible reduction waves with potentials ranging from -1.58 to -2.05 V versus Cp(2)Fe/Cp(2)Fe(+). All complexes have been applied in simple test devices and also in stable, long-living devices to evaluate their electroluminescent device performances, for which we especially report the influence of the chosen ancillary ligands on emission colors, efficiencies, and device lifetimes. We obtained narrowband emission ranging from 613 to 630 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 64-71 nm, and a maximum in power efficiency of eta(p) = 14.6 lm/W at a current density of J = 0.01 mA/cm(2) for [(fpmqx)(2)Ir(pic)]. The operating lifetimes of [(fpmqx)(2)Ir(trz)] in both neat and mixed matrixes were longer than that of the established stable tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato)iridium(III) [Ir(piq)(3)]. From the lifetime measurements, it becomes clear that the stability is strongly correlated to the type of ancillary ligand. An extrapolated lifetime of 58 000 h with an initial brightness of 1000 cd/m(2), together with a very low voltage increase of 0.2 V over a time period of 1000 h (starting voltage of 4.1 V), was achieved. Such a high device lifetime is attributed to the chemical stability of all materials toward both charge carriers and excitons.
??-GALACTOSYL EPITOPE-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF PORCINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (1998)

Agonist binding of alpha-gal can evoke endothelial cell activation independently of complement activation. These observations have implications for the survival of xenografts.
ANTIBIOTIC 5879 PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES AIZUNENSIS, IDENTICAL WITH BICYCLOMYCIN (1973)

Antibiotic 5879 has been found to be identical with bicyclomycin which was reported simultaneously with antibiotic 5879. Streptomyces sp. strain No. 5879 was classified as a new species and was given the name Streptomyces aizunensis. Streptomyces aizunensis is different from Streptomyces sapporonensis which produces bicyclomycin.
Novel Antibiotic Combinations against Infections with Almost Completely Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter Species (2006)

For infections with antibiotic-susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most studies have suggested that combination therapy, usually with a beta -lactam antibiotic plus an aminoglycoside, is preferable for patients with bacteremia and neutropenia. Against infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that are resistant to all antibiotics except the polymyxins, several novel antibiotic combinations demonstrate increased activity in vitro compared with that of any single agent. Whether these combinations yield outcomes that are improved over those seen with a polymyxin or other agent alone remains to be determined. However, against infections with species resistant to all antibiotics, including polymyxins, novel combinations are the only remaining therapeutic option.
Minimizing completion time of a program by checkpointing and rejuvenation (1996)

Checkpointing with rollback-recovery is a well known technique to reduce the completion time of a program in the presence of failures. While checkpointing is corrective in nature, rejuvenation refers to preventive maintenance of software aimed to reduce unexpected failures mostly resulting from the "aging" phenomenon. In this paper, we show how both these techniques may be used together to further reduce the expected completion time of a program. The idea of using checkpoints to reduce the amount of rollback upon a failure is taken a step further by combining it with rejuvenation. We derive the equations for expected completion time of a program with finite failure free running time for the following three cases when; (a) neither checkpointing nor rejuvenation is employed, (b) only checkpointing is employed, and finally (c) both checkpointing and rejuvenation are employed.We also present numerical results for Weibull failure time distribution for the above three cases and discuss optimal checkpointing and rejuvenation that minimizes the expected completion time. Using the numerical results, some interesting conclusions are drawn about benefits of these techniques in relation to the nature of failure distribution.
Why Is the Developed World Obese? (2008)

Obesity has risen dramatically in the past few decades. However, the relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to rising obesity is not known. Moreover, the extent to which social and economic factors tip the energy balance is not well understood. This exploratory study estimates the relative contribution of increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity to obesity in developed countries using two methods of energy accounting. Results show that rising obesity is primarily the result of consuming more calories. We estimate multivariate regression models and use simulation analysis to explore technological and sociodemographic determinants of this dietary excess. Results indicate that the increase in caloric intake is associated with technological innovations as well as changing sociodemographic factors. This review offers useful insights to future research concerned with the etiology of obesity and suggests that obesity-related policies should focus on encouraging lower caloric intake.
Infrared spectroscopic characterization of oriented polyamide 66: Band assignment and crystallinity measurement (2000)

Having found much ambiguity in the infrared band assignments for polyamide 66 (PA66), we revisited some of these assignments before using infrared spectroscopy to assess microstructure changes resulting from multiple thermal treatments. We discovered that earlier assignments of the 1144 and 1180 cm−1 bands to the amorphous (noncrystalline) phase were incorrect, whereas the bands at 924 and 1136 cm−1 can be attributed unambiguously to the noncrystalline phase. We also confirmed that PA66 bands at 936 and 1200 cm−1 are crystalline bands. The normalized absorbance of the 1224-cm−1 fold band increases in proportion to crystallinity, indicating that chain folding is the predominant mechanism of thermal crystallization in PA66. We demonstrated that infrared spectroscopy can be used to estimate the degree of crystallinity of PA66, and two methods were explored. One is a calibration method in which the band ratio of 1200 and 1630 cm−1 is plotted against crystallinity measured by density. The other is an independent infrared method based on the assumption that PA66 satisfies a two-phase structure model. The crystallinity determined by the independent infrared method showed good agreement with the crystallinity obtained from density measurements. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 516–524, 2000
The Highly Effective Use of Topical Zinc Pyrithione in the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Case Report (1997)

Psoriasis is a common condition which, at times, can be difficult to treat. Patients with psoriasis face many social challenges and can suffer a great deal with their disease. As a result, any new topical agent is a welcomed addition to our therapeutic armamentarium. We present here a report of a case using a novel topical preparation of zinc pyrithione for the treatment of psoriasis. Topical zinc pyrithione appears to be a safe and effective treatment for psoriasis.
New Algorithm for Distributed Frequency Assignments in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks (2005)

Abstract: The continuous growth of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN) brings the benefit of a high speed wireless access to packet networks, such as Internet. But it also entails the successive appearance of new unresolved problems. One of these problems consists in the degradation of the performance observed by the users when there is a great number of radio networks coexisting in the same area. In densely populated zones it is not strange to find WLANs of different nature (private, public, etc.) sharing a scarce resource as it is the radio spectrum. This problem can be mitigated with an appropriate channel allocation. In this paper we present an algorithm for the frequency assignment problem (FAP) in IEEE 802.11, based on classical graph colouring but adding the objective of reducing interferences among overlapping cells, and thus improving the global throughput performance. An accurate evaluation of interferences is obtained not only measuring power levels, but also being aware of traffic load. Important performance improvements have been observed on a real scenario. 1.
Nonverbal Communication and the Effect on Interpersonal Communication (2009)

It cannot be denied that the importance of interpersonal communication to the development of our society. Without interpersonal communication, people are unable to understand each other, cooperate with each other and promote the development of human society unceasingly. Therefore, the study of interpersonal communication has great significance.Interpersonal communication is fulfilled through two forms: one is verbal behaviors, the other one is nonverbal behaviors. Verbal communication is the most common and significant form of communication. But it does not mean that we can ignore the importance of nonverbal communication .In interpersonal communication, many messages and meanings are expressed through touch, eye contact and gaze, slight diversity of tone, gesture and facial expressions with or without the help of verbal behaviors .We often try to understand one’s heart thoroughly and make important judgment and decision to others according to nonverbal behaviors. So, the study of nonverbal communication and the effect on interpersonal communication has great practical significance.
Reactively sputtered coherent TiN process for sub-0.5-μm technology (1993)

TiN films were sputtered deposited through a collimating medium under different conditions where the sputter target was maintained in nitrided and non-nitrided modes. In-situ rapid thermal (RTP) annealing was done in an applied materials metal anneal chamber (MAC) integrated with the Endura physical vapor deposition (PVD) system. The barrier properties of these films were evaluated for tungsten plug application. Contact resistances and junction leakage data are presented. It is seen that the TiN films deposited in the non-nitrided mode possess excellent barrier properties. This method of deposition offers significantly improved wafer throughputs for coherent sputtering of TiN. The MAC offers an excellent alternative to the conventional furnace annealing approach for contact silicidation and provides a means for improving productivity.
Adjustable Ellipsoid Nanoparticles Assembled from Re-engineered Connectors of the Bacteriophage Phi29 DNA Packaging Motor (2009)

A 24 x 30 nm ellipsoid nanoparticle containing 84 subunits or 7 dodecamers of the re-engineered core protein of the bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor was constructed. Homogeneous nanoparticles were obtained with simple one-step purification. Electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation were employed to elucidate the structure, shape, size, and mechanism of assembly. The formation of this structure was mediated and stabilized by N-terminal peptide extensions. Reversal of the 84-subunit ellipsoid nanoparticle to its dodecamer subunit was controlled by the cleavage of the extended N-terminal peptide with a protease. The 84 outward-oriented C-termini were conjugated with a streptavidin binding peptide which can be used for the incorporation of markers. This further extends the application of this nanoparticle to pathogen detection and disease diagnosis by signal enhancement.
Topical application of tetracycline‐HCl in human periodontitis (1993)

Previous in vitro studies have suggested that tetracycline-HCl (TTC-HCl) is adsorbed and actively released from root dentin. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the binding to and release of TTC-HCl from human root dentin surfaces in vivo, and to evaluate the clinical utility of TTC-HCl irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Experiment I utilized two contralateral mandibular single-rooted teeth which were examined in four adults with severe generalized periodontitis. One tooth in each patient was carefully scaled and root planed, under local anesthesia, and the other used as an unscaled control. Each subgingival root surface was irrigated for 5 min with an aqueous TTC-HCl solution at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected on paper strips for the next three weeks. The TTC-HCl concentrations in each sample were determined by the inhibition zone of B. cereus cultured on agar plates. The TTC-HCl concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid collected 15 min after irrigation were 3100 +/- 670 micrograms/ml from the scaled lesions and 4700 +/- 1300 micrograms/ml from the unscaled root surfaces. The antibiotic concentrations decreased logarithmically over the next 7 days; 1500 +/- 270 micrograms/ml and 1100 +/- 330 micrograms/ml at 2 h, 880 +/- 350 micrograms/ml and 1300 +/- 360 micrograms/ml at 6 h and 19 +/- 5 micrograms/ml and 31 +/- 26 micrograms/ml at 1 week for scaled and unscaled root surfaces, respectively. Results for week two and three indicated an average of over 8 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Precision trajectory reconstruction (2003)

A precision trajectory reconstruction technique based on photoscoring has been developed to evaluate the airborne accuracy performance of guidance and navigation systems. The sensors include a reference inertial navigation system (INS) and a motion picture camera. The camera is mounted in the aircraft at a known position and attitude with respect to the inertial system and is used to photograph marker panels placed at precisely surveyed locations on the ground. The camera includes a time display device which is driven by a clock associated with the inertial data. The image data from the camera are processed with a modern Kalman filter/smoother to estimate the inertial system errors. The trajectory is then reconstructed by correcting the inertial system data with the estimated errors. It is shown using covariance analysis that the precision photoscoring technique can be used to reconstruct the flight trajectory with a position error of 0.4 m under baseline conditions. In addition, flight tests were used to evaluate the accuracy of the photoscoring process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Air Swirl in Oil Engines (1934)

Swirl, or rotation of the air charge, is increasingly popular as an aid to fuel distribution in Diesel engines, but as yet little is on record as to the principles of its production and use. On certain types of engine it is possible to mount a “swirl meter” or freely rotating vane within the combustion chamber, and thus by motoring the engine to obtain a measure of the swirl rate. From such experiments and from theoretical considerations, one can draw certain conclusions, and although these are directly established only as regards one particular combustion system, indirect evidence suggests that they have a much wider application. The most important conclusion is this, that with the combustion system in question there is an optimum “swirl ratio,” or number of revolutions of the vane per minute divided by the number of revolutions of the engine per minute which gives the best performance, whatever the engine size, speed, or load, and which is, in fact, characteristic of that combustion system. It seems probable that the same rule applies to other swirl systems. In most cases the “swirl ratio“ is roughly constant over a wide speed range. This means that if this ratio is made correct at one speed, it will not be far wrong at any speed within the working range, a fact which accounts for the popularity of swirl type engines in vehicle and other variable-speed services. The primary effect of swirl is that of winnowing the fuel spray, blowing away fine spray and burnt gas, and giving the heavier particles access to fresh air. There are, however, important secondary effects of which the causes are not known with certainty.
Experimental technology and characterization of self-aligned 0.1&amp;#181;m-gate-length low-temperature operation NMOS devices (1987)

Results are presented from work aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a Si FET technology in the 0.1µm gate length regime. Self-aligned, n-channel polysilicon gated MOSFETs were designed for optimum operation at cryogenic temperatures (77°K) with reduced power-supply levels. A variety of test chips were assembled and several wafers processed. Direct write electron-beam lithography was used to pattern all levels. The shortest devices fabricated had gate lengths of 70nm. Measured device characteristics yielded over 750mS/mm transconductance.
Dioctahedral smectite neutralization activity of Clostridium difficile and Bacteroides fragilis toxins in vitro. (1998)

The neutralization activity of dioctahedral smectite for ten toxigenic Clostridium difficile and eight enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis strains was studied using McCoy and HT 29/C1 cell lines, respectively. Minimalization of the cytopathic effect of C. difficile toxin B on McCoy cell lines by dioctahedral smectite dissolved in PBS was observed. After incubation with dioctahedral smectite the toxic effects of B. fragilis enterotoxins on HT/29C1 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) were eliminated. Best neutralization of B. fragilis toxin was achieved using dioctahedral smectite dissolved in BHI.
A Trimaran based framework for exploring the design space of VLIW ASIPs with coarse grain functional units (2002)

It is widely accepted that use of an Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) in an embedded system can provide a solution which is much more flexible than ASICs and much more efficient than standard processors in terms of performance and power consumption. However a lack of an acceptable design methodology and supporting tools for ASIPs limits their use even today. We present in this paper a methodology for design space exploration of high performance VLIW ASIPs by modeling Application Specific Functional Units in Trimaran Compiler Infrastructure. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy we consider two important applications FFT and Kalman Filter and perform compute intensive operations in these applications via special Functional Units. The results we obtain are very promising with up to 2x speed improvement.
Charging effects in plasma immersion ion implantation for microelectronics (1995)

The charging effects of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) doping experiments have been investigated using a dynamic sheath model and PDP1 plasma simulation code. When the target has a dielectric film, charge accumulation during PIII can have a profound impact on doping results. Under certain process conditions, it can significantly reduce implant energy and dose and thereby alter the implant profile. In addition, it may degrade device reliability, especially for ultralarge-scale integrated circuit devices. In order to minimize charging effects, shorter pulse widths along with moderate values of plasma density and pulse potential should be used.