gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An anti-angiogenic state in mice and humans with retinal photoreceptor cell degeneration (2001)

Abnormal angiogenesis accompanies many pathological conditions including cancer, inflammation, and eye diseases. Proliferative retinopathy because of retinal neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Another major cause of irreversible vision loss is retinitis pigmentosa, a group of diseases characterized by progressive photoreceptor cell degeneration. Interestingly, anecdotal evidence has long suggested that proliferative diabetic retinopathy is rarely associated clinically with retinitis pigmentosa. Here we show that neonatal mice with classic inherited retinal degeneration (Pdeb(rd1)/Pdeb(rd1)) fail to mount reactive retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy. We also present a comparable human paradigm: spontaneous regression of retinal neovascularization associated with long-standing diabetes mellitus occurs when retinitis pigmentosa becomes clinically evident. Both mouse and human data indicate that reactive retinal neovascularization either fails to develop or regresses when the number of photoreceptor cells is markedly reduced. Our findings support the hypothesis that a functional mechanism underlying this anti-angiogenic state is failure of the predicted up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, although other growth factors may also be involved. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against both proliferative and degenerative retinopathies may emerge from this work.
STUDIES ON MOUSE ANTIBODIES. I. THE RESPONSE TO SHEEP RED CELLS. (1965)

A class of 7 S lysins and agglutinins, of γ1 and γ2 mobilities, was found to be sensitive to ME. Such antibodies were encountered during the early phases of the 7 S antibody formation in primary and secondary responses. In contrast to 19 S antibodies, which lost all serologic activity after ME treatment, these sensitive 7 S antibodies fully maintained their combining ability.
Groups and the Buckyball (1994)

The purpose of this article is to collect a number of remarkable group theoretical facts having to do with icosahedral symmetry. Some of these have been already applied to the discovery and identification of the new C 60 carbon molecule, called the Buckminsterfullerene, or buckyball, for short, and we hope that other results described here will find applications in physical properties of these molecules. We begin with a description of the molecule.
Quick assessment of influenza a virus infectivity with a long-range reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (2020)

This study suggests that IAV infectivity can be predicted without the infectivity assays. The rapid detection of pathogenic IAV has, therefore, been achieved with this sensing technology.
Polycondensation of thiourea into carbon nitride semiconductors as visible light photocatalysts (2012)

Converting solar energy into hydrogen gas by water splitting is considered as a long-term solution to address global energy and environmental problems. Great effort has been devoted to the search for abundant systems for the purpose of efficient capture, conversion, and storage of solar energy in a cost-effective manner. To further advance the recently-developed carbon nitride photocatalysis for solar hydrogen generation, thiourea, a sulfur-containing compound, was used as a cheap and easily-available starting material for the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride semiconductors. The as-prepared photocatalysts were subjected to several characterizations, and the results showed that the heating temperature and the presence of sulfur motifs offer a facile chemical pathway for the control of the condensation/polymerization of carbon nitride, and thus adjusting their textural and electronic properties. Photocatalytic activity experiments demonstrated that the g-C3N4 synthesized from thiourea exhibited a much higher H2 production rate than that of g-C3N4 prepared from dicyanamide or urea, and this activity can be further enhanced by increasing the condensation temperature.
Digitizing the past: a history book on CD-ROM* (1993)

This paper describes a pioneering effort to create an “electronic history book”. Roy Rosenzweig of George Mason University and Steve Brier and Josh Brown of the American Social History Project at the City University of New York have joined with the V
Sr8MgGd(PO4)7:Eu2+: yellow-emitting phosphor for application in near-ultraviolet-emitting diode based white-light LEDs (2012)

The yellow-emitting phosphor Sr8MgGd(PO4)7:xEu2+ (SMGP:xEu2+) was successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction and used for the first time to fabricate white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with excellent color rendering index (CRI). Furthermore, the luminescence properties‚ reflectance spectra and fabricated LEDs were firstly investigated. The excitation and reflectance spectra of this phosphor show broad band excitation and absorption in the 240–470 nm near ultraviolet (NUV) region, indicating its potential application in NUV diode based white-light LEDs. Upon excitation at 385 nm, the Eu2+ doped SMGP phosphors showed strong yellow emission centered at 512 and 606 nm, which could be ascribed to the 4f65d1 → 4f7 transitions of Eu2+. The optimal doping concentration of Eu2+ in SMGP was determined to be 0.01 mol. Non-radiative transitions between the Eu2+ ions in the SMGP host were demonstrated to be attributable to dipole–dipole interactions. A white-light NUV LED was fabricated using a phosphor blend of SMGP:0.01Eu2+ and BAM:Eu2+ pumped by a 385 nm NUV chip, driven by a 350 mA current. The color, chromaticity coordinates (x, y), correlated color temperature (CCT) and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates can be tuned from yellow ((0.442, 0.481), 3456 K, 75.4) through warm white-light ((0.350, 0.348), 4804 K, 95.6) and eventually to white-light ((0.331, 0.321), 5592 K, 94.1) by weight ratio tuning of the SMGP:0.01Eu2+ and BAM:Eu2+ phosphors, and the luminous efficacy between 9.6 to 7.6 lm W−1. We are currently evaluating the potential applications of SMGP:xEu2+ as a yellow-emitting near-ultraviolet (NUV) convertible phosphor in fabricating warm white-light LEDs with excellent CRI.
Cluster-Centric Anomaly Detection and Characterization in Spatial Time Series (2014)

Anomaly detection in spatial time series is a challenging problem with numerous potential applications. A comprehensive anomaly detection approach not only should be able to detect and identify the emerging anomalies, but it also has to characterize the essence of these anomalies by visualizing the structures revealed within data in a way, which is understandable to the end-user. In this study, a cluster-centric framework for anomaly detection and characterization in spatial time series has been developed. For this purpose, the time series part of data is divided into a set of subsequences and the available spatio-temporal structures within the generated subsequences are discovered through a fuzzy clustering technique. Since in spatial time series, each datum is composed of features dealing with the spatial and the temporal (one or more time series) components, clustering of data of this nature poses some significant challenges, especially in terms of a suitable treatment of different components of the data. We propose an extended version of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering by introducing a composite distance function with adjustable weights (parameters) controlling the impact of different components in the clustering process. Three optimization criteria - a reconstruction error, a prediction error, and an agreement level are introduced and used as a vehicle to quantify the performance of the clustering method. By comparing the revealed structures (clusters) in spatial time series in successive time intervals, one assigns an anomaly score to each cluster measuring the level of unexpected changes in data. Moreover, through developing some fuzzy relational dependencies, the propagation of anomalies can be visualized in an understandable way to the end-user. To illustrate the proposed technique in this study, several datasets including synthetic and real-world data have been investigated. Experimental studies show that the proposed technique is able to find incident anomalies and quantify the propagation of anomalies over time.
Relief of postoperative pain with jaw relaxation, music and their combination (1999)

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation, music and the combination of relaxation and music on postoperative pain after major abdominal surgery during ambulation and rest on postoperative days 1 and 2. Opioid medication provided for pain, following abdominal surgery, does not always give sufficient relief and can cause undesired side effects. Thus, additional interventions such as music and relaxation may provide more complete relief. Previous studies have found mixed results due to small sample sizes and other methodological problems. In a rigorous experimental design, 500 subjects aged 18-70 in five Midwestern hospitals were randomly assigned by minimization to a relaxation, music, relaxation plus music, or control group. Interventions were taught preoperatively and tested postoperatively. The same amount of time was spent with subjects in the control group. Pain was measured with the visual analogue sensation and distress of pain scales. Demographic and surgical variables, and milligrams of parenteral or oral opioids in effect at the time of testing were not significantly different between the groups, nor did they correlate with pain scores. Controlling for pretest sensation and distress, orthogonal a priori contrasts and multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the three treatment groups had significantly less pain than the controls, (P = 0.028-0.000) which was confirmed by the univariate analysis of covariance (P = 0.018-0.000). Post hoc multivariate analysis revealed that the combination group had significantly less sensation and distress of pain than the control group on all post-tests (P = 0.035-0.000), and the relaxation and music groups had significantly less on all tests (P = 0.022-0.000) except after ambulation. At post ambulation those using relaxation did not have significantly less pain than the controls on both days and those using music did not on day 1, although there were some univariate effects. A corresponding significant decrease in mastery of the interventions from pre to post ambulation suggests the need for reminders to focus on the intervention during this increased activity. Physicians and nurses preparing patients for surgery and caring for them afterward, should encourage patients to use relaxation and music as adjuvants to medication for postoperative pain.
Robot-directed speech detection using Multimodal Semantic Confidence based on speech, image, and motion (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel method to detect robot-directed (RD) speech that adopts the Multimodal Semantic Confidence (MSC) measure. The MSC measure is used to decide whether the speech can be interpreted as a feasible action under the current physical situation in an object manipulation task. This measure is calculated by integrating speech, image, and motion confidence measures with weightings that are optimized by logistic regression. Experimental results show that, compared with a baseline method that uses speech confidence only, MSC achieved an absolute increase of 5% for clean speech and 12% for noisy speech in terms of average maximum F-measure.
Adapting Microwave Techniques to Help Solve Future Energy Problems (1973)

The relationship between microwave techniques and the growing concern for future sources of energy is reviewed. The relationship is specifically explored in the use of a microwave beam to efficiently transport power from an array of solar photovoltaic cells in space to the earth's surface. The transition from a laboratory technology of microwave power transmission to a 10-GW 23 200-mi transmission system is examined in detail.
Trade Studies with Uncertain Information (2006)

During every stage of the design process, designers trade off performance, cost, and risk in an evolutionary process whose goal is to find a satisfactory solution. This paper explores a recent method to manage the trade study process especially when uncertainty is pervasive and decisions are a mix of quantitative and qualitative information. We believe that it is possible to support a trade study process that is sensitive to the uncertainties in evolving system information, a key ingredient in managing risk, robustness, changes and spiral development. In this paper we explore what is needed to support such activities. To do so we follow an example as it gets increasingly complex and realistic. As the issues addressed increase in computational need, we make use of Accord, a decision support system base on Bayesian Team Support methods.
A new particle&#8211;by &#8211;particle hot plate technique for measurement of precipitation rate, snow density and visibility (2020)

&lt;p&gt;The diameter, mass and density of individual falling snowflakes is being measured automatically in Salt Lake City, Utah using a new device called the &amp;#160;Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer (DEID). Hydrometeor properties are obtained from the DEID using a temperature-controlled hotplate to melt and evaporate hydrometeors and a thermal camera based upon the large difference in thermal emissivity between water and the aluminum hotplate. The density of each particle is calculated from the initial effective diameter imaged by the thermal camera and the individual particle mass, by assuming conservation of energy for heat transfer from the plate to the melted droplet and measuring the time taken for evaporation. Simultaneously recorded Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) imagery provides hydrometeor types. These data are revealing detailed structures of snowfall density suited for avalanche studies, atmospheric precipitation rate, snow water equivalent and visibility, and size, and the mass and density distributions of individual particles. Results are generally consistent with past studies by e.g. Marshall and Palmer, Marshall and Gunn and Locatelli and Hobbs. However, order one million particles can be collected in a single storm cycle, so the range of particle collected and the statistical validity of the analyses is providing new insights into the nature of frozen precipitation.&lt;/p&gt;
1.5-bit mismatch-insensitive MDAC with reduced input capacitive loading (2009)

A new mismatch insensitive 1.5-bit multiplying digital–analogue converter (MDAC) is proposed. This circuit samples the input in closed-loop form using the opamp in non-inverting configuration; hence, only the parasitic input capacitance loads the previous stage. This technique uses a fully-differential four-input OTA instead of two single-ended two-input OTAs to further improve power consumption and matching.
Isolation and symmetrical splitting of desmosomal structures in 9 M urea. (1983)

A new way of isolating desmosomal structures from various epithelia is described which takes advantage of the unusual resistance of the desmosomal plaque and parts of the desmosomal membrane domain to denaturing agents such as 9 M urea and 5 M guanidinium hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl). The fractions obtained have been examined by electron microscopy and by gel electrophoresis. When cytoskeletal fractions from epithelial cells, notably those from multistratified epithelia such as bovine epidermis or tongue mucosa, are treated with urea or Gdn-HCl most of the cytoskeletal protein, including cytokeratin material, is removed. The desmosomal structures, however, are retained with well preserved plaque organization and desmoglea components and can be harvested by centrifugation. This simple and rapid procedure for the enrichment of desmosomal structures and proteins also express internal desmosomal domains as the result of "splitting" of the desmosome along the midline structure. These split desmosomal halves reveal regular arrays of desmogleal particles of 8 to 15 nm diameter projecting from the membrane surface. Gel electrophoresis of the polypeptides present in these residual structures has shown prominent amounts of desmoplakins I and II as well as components 3 and 5 whereas glycoproteins 4a and 4b are significantly reduced in relation to untreated or citric acid-treated fractions. Using immunoelectron microscopy on desmosomes split in urea we have also demonstrated the specific localization of desmoplakin on the cytoplasmic side. The observations suggest that the architectural components of the desmosome are among the cell structures most resistant to protein-denaturing treatments. The value of this procedure for preparations of desmosomal proteins and for the production of antibodies specifically reacting with internal domains of junctions, i.e., tools that may interfere with cell-to-cell coupling, is discussed.
Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA3 neurons to hypoxia after mild concussion in the rat (1995)

Immunohistochemical staining for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and synaptophysin was used to investigate the effect of hypoxia on hippocampal neurons after mild concussion in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (n = 3) was subjected to a mild impact-acceleration closed head injury, group 2 (n = 3) was subjected to 30 min of moderate hypoxia, group 3 (n = 5) was subjected to head trauma followed by 30 min of moderate hypoxia, and group 4 (n = 3) comprised sham-operated controls. All rats were fixed by transcardial perfusion 24 h after insult. No damage was observed in CA1 or CA2 neurons in any of the rats. However, rats in group 3 showed selective damage of hippocampal CA3 neurons manifested by a pycnosis and a marked decrease in MAP2 immunoreactivity. Presynaptic terminals visualized by synaptophysin immunostaining showed no differences among groups. The loss of immunoreactivity for the post-synaptic somal and dendritic protein marker MAP2 from the CA3 subfield 24 h after combined insults indicates an increased vulnerability of pyramidal cells in this brain area.
Facet formation and lateral overgrowth of selective Ge epitaxy on SiO2-patterned Si(001) substrates (2008)

Faceting and lateral overgrowth have been investigated for Ge selectively grown on Si(001) substrates in trench regions bound by SiO2 sidewalls. In wet-etched large trenches with sloped sidewalls, Ge faceting behavior was similar to Si and SixGe1−x faceting: slow-growing {113} facets dominate, with {111} facets expanding as the layer became thicker. However, the {111} facet length for Ge was much smaller than that of Si; this can be explained in terms of mass transport and accumulation, as well as energy minimization and the higher surface diffusivity of Ge. In dry-etched small trenches with vertical sidewalls, minimization of the high-energy interface area between Ge and SiO2 appears to be most critical in determining faceting morphology. Overgrowth of Ge led to void formation at the oxide interface, presumably to avoid the high-energy Ge/SiO2 interface. Upon coalescence of lateral-growth regions, fast-growing (001) forms and dominates subsequent growth. Thus, the total thickness of the overgrown Ge layer was closely related to the width of the SiO2 region between trenches.
Using a distributed single address space operating system to support modern cluster computing (2003)

Recent 64-bit microprocessors have made a huge 18.4 quintillion byte address space potentially available to programs. This has led to the design of operating systems that provide a single virtual address space in which all code and data reside in and across all levels of storage and all nodes of a distributed system. These operating systems, called single address space operating systems (SASOSs), have characteristics that can be used to support modern cluster computing in a distributed system in ways that provide an improved program development environment and higher performance than is available from conventional operating systems. Sombrero, our SASOS design, makes use of its hardware support for object-grained protection, separate thread-related protection domains and implicit protection domain crossing to provide support for modern cluster computing which is not available in SASOSs built on stock processors. Its design, which provides direct system-level support for object-oriented programming, includes a number of features targeted specifically at modern cluster computing.
A HyperText Markup Language Interface for multi-product database libraries (2002)

The HyperText Markup Language Interface (HTMLI) provides the Department of Defense (DoD) user community with access to an Image Product Library (IPL) and its associated server. The IPL is a library/archive for several categories of data, while its server acts as a broker to other database libraries. The HTMLI accesses data in the IPL and implements the IPL server application programming interface (API) to provide a gateway between the IPL and the user community supported World Wide Web (WWW) (i.e., the Internet) tools and servers. The end result is that a user can employ a WWW browser (e.g., Mosaic/sup TM/ Netscape/sup TM/ or Microsoft Internet Explorer/sup TM/) to access an IPL server from any platform that can support a hypertext viewer, without the need for any other specialized software specific to that application.
Clinical study of onithine-aspartate for treatment hepatic encephalopathy of liver cirrhosis (2009)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of serum onithine asprartate for treatment bepatic encephalogpahty of liver cirrhosis.Methods 92 patients with hepatic encephalopathy of liver cirrhosis were devided into two groups,group A treated with onithine-aspartate and routine treatment,group (B)with routine treatment total course of treatment were 7 days,to observe patients clinic symptom and physical symptom the serum ammconia and other biological parameters were also determened subsequently before and ofter treatment.Results After treatment 36 cases were consaousness in 24 hours,40 cases were consciousness in 72 hours fromgroup A,22 cases were consciousness in 24 hours 34 cases were consciousness in 72 hours,from group B(P＞0.05).Serum ammconia in group A and group B whose before tneatment,and after treatment were(110.30 ±33.4)μmol/l,(46.30±27.35 ) μmol/1.B ( 110.25±23.40 )μmol/l,( 63.21±21.91 ) μmol/l,ALT in group A before and after treat ment were ( 298.61±325.15 ) U/L,( 165.30±180.18 ) U/L treat ment were ( 298.61±325.15 ) U/L,( 165.30 ±180.18) U/L whereas the serum total bilirubin in group A (278.01±185.21 ) μmol/1(224.34 ±159.80) μmol/l P ＜ 0.01 ALT in group B sefore and ter tretent were ( 375.60 ±360.8 ) mmol/l(224.34±159.80) U/L whereas the serum total bilirubin in goup B ( 334.70 ±170.58 ) μmol/l ( 279.60 ±167.17)μmol/l,P ＜0.01.Conclusion Onithine-aspartate can decrease the ammonia and total bilirubin sig nificantly onithine-aspartate is effective ontreating hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Key words: 
Liver cirrhosis;  Hepatic encephalopathy;  Onithine-aspartate;  Serum ammonia