gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer thin-film distributed feedback tunable lasers (2000)

We report on measurements of laser emission from poly-methylmethacrylate and poly-vinyl carbazole polymer films doped with rhodamine-6G, DCM and coumarin laser dyes in an optically pumped distributed feedback scheme. We obtain tunability on a broad spectral range for all samples. We show the impact of waveguiding in the polymer film on reducing the laser threshold. We also show that the number of laser modes increases with the polymer film thickness, following the guided mode dispersion.
Brain State and Body Position (1982)

Human sleep is characterized by episodes of immobility and by major body movements occurring in phase with the EEG sleep cycle. Using time-lapse videotape recording and electrophysiological monitoring, we studied the sleep of four normal subjects to determine the relationship of the movements to sleep cycle phase and the consistency of the power of the movement data to quantify sleep parameters. We were able to measure sleep latency and to predict the time of occurrence of non-rapid eye movement sleep episodes in our subjects from the video movement data alone. In addition, we discovered evidence of small body movement specific to rapid eye movement sleep.
Dynamic Gain Equalizer Using Proposed Adjustment Procedure for Thermooptic Phase Shifters Under the Influence of Thermal Crosstalk (2004)

A dynamic gain equalizer (DGE) is required to automatically compensate for gain variations related to fiber amplifiers. This paper proposes a DGE with thermooptic (TO) phase shifters based on a single-filtered-arm interferometer. A design procedure was newly developed for the control of the TO phase shifters, which could be used to accurately control the intended attenuation profile in one adjustment. In this procedure, the Taylor series method was used as an optimization algorithm, and thermal crosstalk was taken into account. From the point of view of thermal crosstalk, the behavior of phase shifters in an array and the effect of three-dimensional (3-D) trenches formed around the phase shifters were precisely investigated. A DGE module based on 1.5%-/spl Delta/ planar lightwave circuits and the 3-D trench structure are demonstrated. The measured spectra were found to be in good agreement with arbitrarily designed profiles under open-loop control, even when there was some thermal crosstalk between phase shifters. The results indicate that the design procedure and the estimation of the thermal crosstalk are effective for accurate control of the DGE.
The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes (2004)

About the Authors. Acknowledgments. Introduction to the Second Edition. Part I: Introduction to Exploitation: Linux on x86. Chapter 1: Before You Begin. Chapter 2: Stack Overflows. Chapter 3: Shellcode. Chapter 4: Introduction to Format String Bugs. Chapter 5: Introduction to Heap Overflows. Part II: Other Platforms-Windows, Solaris, OS/X, and Cisco. Chapter 6: The Wild World of Windows. Chapter 7: Windows Shellcode. Chapter 8: Windows Overflows. Chapter 9: Overcoming Filters. Chapter 10: Introduction to Solaris Exploitation. Chapter 11: Advanced Solaris Exploitation. Chapter 12: OS X Shellcode. Chapter 13: Cisco IOS Exploitation. Chapter 14: Protection Mechanisms. Part III: Vulnerability Discovery. Chapter 15: Establishing a Working Environment. Chapter 16: Fault Injection. Chapter 17: The Art of Fuzzing. Chapter 18: Source Code Auditing: Finding Vulnerabilities in C-Based Languages. Chapter 19: Instrumented Investigation: A Manual Approach. Chapter 20: Tracing for Vulnerabilities. Chapter 21: Binary Auditing: Hacking Closed Source Software. Part IV: Advanced Materials. Chapter 22: Alternative Payload Strategies. Chapter 23: Writing Exploits that Work in the Wild. Chapter 24: Attacking Database Software. Chapter 25: Unix Kernel Overflows. Chapter 26: Exploiting Unix Kernel Vulnerabilities. Chapter 27: Hacking the Windows Kernel. Index.
Evaluation of Infection Parameters in the Production of Replication‐Defective HSV‐1 Viral Vectors (2002)

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a neurotrophic human pathogen that establishes life-long latency in the nervous system. Our laboratory has extensively engineered this virus to retain the ability to persist in neurons without expression of lytic genes or disease phenotype. Highly defective, replication-incompetent HSV mutants are thus potentially ideal for transfer of therapeutic transgenes to human nerves where long-term therapy of nervous system disease may be provided. A prerequisite for using recombinant HSV vectors for therapeutic gene delivery to humans is the development of methods for large-scale manufacture of HSV vectors. Here we report studies to identify infection parameters that result in high-yield production of immediate early gene deletion mutant HSV vectors in complementing cells that supply the deleted essential viral functions in trans. Virus yield was correlated with various culture media conditions that included pH, glucose metabolism, and serum levels. The results demonstrated that systematic media exchange to remove lactate derived from high-level glucose consumption, maintenance of tissue culture pH at 6.8, and the use of 5% fetal bovine serum gave the highest yield of infectious virus. The data indicate that these are important parameters to consider for high-yield, large-scale virus production.
CVD of CeO<sub>2</sub>‐Doped Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>‐Stabilized Zirconia onto Dense and Porous Substrates (1997)

Abstract Fabrication of dense films of mixed‐conducting oxides on porous surfaces is of interest for membrane, sensor, fuel cell, and battery applications. In this work, atmospheric‐pressure metal‐organic CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION was used to fabricate CeO 2 ‐doped Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized ZrO 2 films on dense silicon and porous alumina substrates. Aerosol‐assisted delivery of a toluene solution of the precursors Zr(tfac) 4 , Y(hfac) 3 , and Ce(tmhd) 4 was used to deposit films with thicknesses around 1 μm. The effects of carrier gas O 2 content (0–5 mol‐%), H 2 O vapor (0–3.4 mol‐%), deposition temperature (300–600°C), and the type of substrate on film morphology, composition, and purity were investigated. The porous substrate had a marked effect on the film morphology, producing a columnar film structure with column diameters that roughly approximated the particle diameter of the substrate (∼0.5 μm). Lower temperatures (300°C) provided a more uniform film with better connectivity between columnar structures than deposition at 400 and 600°C, and higher precursor concentrations produced very non‐uniform films with exaggerated growth features.
Modular reconfigurable controllers with fuzzy meta-control (1994)

This paper proposes an approach to implementing fuzzy controllers which is based on their modularity and a dynamic adaptation of a modular structure using internal fuzzy (meta-) control. The meta-level makes fuzzy decisions intended to adjust the total behavior of a controller by assigning an appropriate set of active components. The paper describes an underlying modular structure, presents a fuzzy-based description for "composite" control strategies, and reveals some special features of their implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HYDROFLUORIC ACID EXTRACTION BY TBP AND BY AMINES: MECHANISM, SPECIES FORMED AND UNIQUE PROPERTIES AT HIGH ACID TO AMINE MOLAR RATIOS (1989)

ABSTRACT Analysis of data concerning HF extraction by amines reveals a change in extraction mechanism when HF/amine molar ratio in organic phase (Z) reaches 2. Up to this point extraction is by ion-pair formation and after it by H-bonding. As a result, the two HF molecules initially extracted differ in nature from subsequent ones. The change in mechanism explains why seemingly unrelated properties such as water co-extraction dilution and diluent effects, selectivity and viscosity - all change when amine bifluoride composition is attained. Similar change in extraction of other mono-basic acids occurs at Z=1. The system with Z>2 for HF is equivalent to that with Z>1 for other mono-basic acids and to that of extraction by TBP. It therefore provides a model for extraction from concentrated aqueous solutions.
Design and Projected Performance of a Flapping Foil AUV (2004)

The design and construction of a biomimetic flapping foil autonomous underwater vehicle is detailed. The vehicle was designed as a proof of concept for the use of oscillating foils as the sole source of motive power for a cruising and hovering underwater vehicle. Primary vehicle design requirements included scalability and flexibility in terms of the number and placement of foils, so as to maximize experimental functionality. This goal was met by designing an independent self-contained module to house each foil, requiring only direct current power and a connection to the vehicle's Ethernet local area network for operation. The results of tests on the foil modules in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Marine Hydrodynamics Water Tunnel and the MIT Ship Model Testing Tank are both used to demonstrate fundamental properties of flapping foils and to predict the performance of the specific vehicle design based on the limits of the actuators. The maximum speed of the vehicle is estimated based on the limitations of the specific actuator and is shown to be a strong function of the vehicle drag coefficient. When using four foils, the maximum speed increases from 1 m/s with a vehicle C/sub D/ of 1.4 to 2 m/s when C/sub D/=0.1, where C/sub D/ is based on vehicle frontal area. Finally, issues of vehicle control are considered, including the decoupling of speed and pitch control using pitch-biased maneuvering and the tradeoff between actuator bandwidth and authority during both the cruising and hovering operation.
Suppression of Bacterial Spot of Tomato with Foliar Sprays of Compost Extracts Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions (2003)

The efficacy of foliar sprays with compost water extracts (compost extracts) in reducing the severity of bacterial spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria was investigated. Extracts prepared from composted cow manure, composted pine bark, an organic farm compost, or composted yard waste, applied as foliar sprays on tomato transplants, resulted in a moderate but statistically significant reduction in the severity of bacterial spot. The population of X. vesicatoria in infected leaves was reduced significantly by extracts prepared from composted cow manure. Efficacy of the water extracts was not affected by oxygen concentrations in the suspension during extraction, compost maturity, or sterilization by filtration or autoclaving. The degree of control provided by foliar sprays with the most effective compost extracts did not differ from that obtained with the plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl. In the field in two growing seasons, foliar sprays with compost water extracts did not reduce the severity of foliar diseases, including bacterial spot. During the 1997 season, when the severity of bacterial spot in the field was high, foliar sprays with compost water extracts significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial spot on tomato fruit. Amending plot soil with several rates of composted yard waste did not lead to additional control of fruit disease over those only sprayed with extracts. Foliar sprays with a mixture of chlorothalonil and copper hydroxide or with acibenzolar-S-methyl reduced the severity of bacterial spot as well as incidence of spot on fruit.
Isoflurane Anesthesia Induced Persistent, Progressive Memory Impairment, Caused a Loss of Neural Stem Cells, and Reduced Neurogenesis in Young, but Not Adult, Rodents (2010)

Isoflurane and related anesthetics are widely used to anesthetize children, ranging from premature babies to adolescents. Concerns have been raised about the safety of these anesthetics in pediatric patients, particularly regarding possible negative effects on cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated isoflurane exposure of juvenile and mature animals on cognition and neurogenesis. Postnatal day 14 (P14) rats and mice, as well as adult (P60) rats, were anesthetized with isoflurane for 35 mins daily for four successive days. Object recognition, place learning and reversal learning as well as cell death and cytogenesis were evaluated. Object recognition and reversal learning were significantly impaired in isoflurane-treated young rats and mice, whereas adult animals were unaffected, and these deficits became more pronounced as the animals grew older. The memory deficit was paralleled by a decrease in the hippocampal stem cell pool and persistently reduced neurogenesis, subsequently causing a reduction in the number of dentate gyrus granule cell neurons in isoflurane-treated rats. There were no signs of increased cell death of progenitors or neurons in the hippocampus. These findings show a previously unknown mechanism of neurotoxicity, causing cognitive deficits in a clearly age-dependent manner.
Hall Effect in Ferromagnetics (1954)

Both the unusually large magnitude and strong temperature dependence of the extraordinary Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials can be understood as effects of the spin-orbit interaction of polarized conduction electrons. It is shown that the interband matrix elements of the applied electric potential energy combine with the spin-orbit perturbation to give a current perpendicular to both the field and the magnetization. Since the net effect of the spin-orbit interaction is proportional to the extent to which the electron spins are aligned, this current is proportional to the magnetization. The magnitude of the Hall constant is equal to the square of the ordinary resistivity multiplied by functions that are not very sensitive to temperature and impurity content. The experimental results behave in such a way also.
Electrorheology (1989)

The electrorheological (ER) effect refers to the abrupt change in viscosity in certain suspensions upon application of an electric field. The dependence of the ER effect on electrical and structural parameters is reviewed, along with the current theories on the mechanism of this phenomenon. The required properties for the dispersed dielectric include high polarizability and a limited, but finite, conductivity. The latter is often achieved by adding water to the suspension. Applications of ER fluids are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The constituent equations of piezoelectric bimorphs (2003)

The constituent equations that describe the behavior of piezoelectric bimorphs for various mechanical boundary conditions are derived. The internal energy density of infinitesimally small volume elements in thermodynamic equilibrium is calculated in the presence of a voltage on the electrodes, a clamped cantilever condition on one side of the beam, and a set of three different classical boundary conditions on the other side of the beam: a mechanical moment M at the end of the beam, a force F perpendicular to the beam, applied at its tip, and a body force p. The total internal energy content is calculated by integrating over the entire volume of the beam. The canonical conjugate of the moment is calculated as the angular deflection at the tip of the beam, while that of the force at the tip is the local vertical deflection. The canonical conjugate of the uniform load on the beam proves to be the volume displacement V of the beam. The equations are given in the direct form, with internal parameters (M,V), (F,V), and (p,V) as independent variables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VEGF in biological control (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) belongs to a family of heparin binding growth factors that include VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental-like growth factor (PLGF). First discovered for its ability to regulate vascular endothelial cell permeability, VEGF is a well-known angiogenic factor that is important for vascular development and maintenance in all mammalian organs. The development of molecular tools and pharmacological agents to selectively inhibit VEGF function and block angiogenesis and/or vascular permeability has led to great promise in the treatment of various cancers, macular degeneration, and wound healing. However, VEGF is also important in animals for the regulation of angiogenesis, stem cell and monocyte/macrophage recruitment, maintenance of kidney and lung barrier functions and neuroprotection. In addition to its role in regulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and cell survival, VEGF receptors are also located on many non-endothelial cells and act through autrocrine pathways to regulate cell survival and function. The following review will discuss the role of VEGF in physiological angiogenesis as well as its role in non-angiogenic processes that take place in adult organs.
Mobility in Germany 2002 (2002)

Das Bundesministerium fur Verkehr hat in den Jahren 1976, 1982 und 1989 die kontinuierlichen Erhebungen zum Verkehrsverhalten (KONTIV) 
in Westdeutschland durchgefuhrt. Eine neue Erhebung fand unter dem Namen MOBILITAT IN DEUTSCHLAND erstmalig 2002 statt und wurde im Jahr 2008
 wiederholt. Die zentrale Aufgabe der Studie bestand darin, reprasentative und verlassliche Informationen zur Soziodemographie von Personen und
 Haushalten und ihrem Alltagsverkehr (z.B. Wege nach Zwecken und Verkehrsarten) fur ein ganzes Jahr zu erhalten. Sie dient, gewichtet und
 hochgerechnet, als Rahmen und Erganzung fur andere Verkehrserhebungen, wie die Verkehrsbefragungen in einzelnen Stadten (z.B. SrV), Querschnittszahlungen der Verkehrsbelastungen oder das Mobilitatspanel. Die Studie MOBILITAT IN DEUTSCHLAND liefert daruber hinaus aktuelle Datengrundlagen zu wichtigen Einflussgrosen der Mobilitat und bildet die Basis fur Verkehrsmodelle. Nicht nur fur die Verkehrsplanung, fur Forschung und das wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisinteresse sind Ergebnisse der Studie von Bedeutung, auch fur konkrete politische Entscheidungen liefern sie die quantitativen Hintergrundinformationen. Als Multi-Purpose-Studie muss die MOBILITAT IN DEUTSCHLAND vor allem zwei Kriterien erfullen: 1. Eine ausreichende Stichprobengrose, um den unterschiedlichsten Fragestellungen gerecht zu werden. Daher wurden 2008 erneut uber 25.000 Haushalte in der bundesweiten Basiserhebung und 24.000 weitere Haushalte in regionalen Aufstockungen befragt.
 2. Reprasentativitat, d.h. sorgfaltige, kontrollierbare geschichtete Ziehung und Hochrechnung. Um den hohen inhaltlichen und methodischen Anspruchen einer solchen Grundlagenuntersuchung in bestmoglicher Form zu entsprechen, wurde im Fruhjahr 2001 eine umfangreiche Methodenstudie durchgefuhrt und das Projektdesign der MiD 2002 fur die Erhebung im Jahr 2008, wo erforderlich, aktualisiert. Neu hinzu gekommen ist beispielsweise eine optionale Online-Erhebung in der Phase der Haushaltsinterviews. Grundsatzlich stellte die aktuelle Studie jedoch eine Replikation der MiD 2002 dar, um die Ergebnisse direkt vergleichen zu konnen und neue Zeitreihen aufzubauen.
ICONE23-1585 THE AXIAL REACTION RATE DISTRIBUTION INTERPOLATION METHOD FOR FID SIGNALS IN MHI'S CORE MONITORING SYSTEM VISION (2015)

This paper describes the robust interpolation method for axial reaction rate (RR) distributions measured by fixed in-core detectors (FID) employed in Mitsubishi online core monitoring system VISION. Contrast to the movable detector (M/D), axial power distributions measured with FIDs have to be interpolated in order to obtain power profiles, because FID's signals are discretely measured. Therefore, the interpolation method is very important for the FID system. Besides, the lack of measurement RR data due to detector failures affects strongly the power profiles. Thus, the FID system has to use the robust interpolation method. The developed interpolation method is based on the calibration method of calculated axial RR distributions with measurement values. This means, the measured RR distribution is obtained by calibrating calculated RRs to fit discrete FIDs measured values. Applicability of the present method to PWRs was confirmed by the virtual FID data, which were made from M/D measurements in a typical PWR. Then we applied the present method to the virtual FID data to reconstruct the RR distribution of M/D. The reconstructed distributions were in good agreement with the measured M/D RR distributions. We confirmed that this method is applicable to the FID system in PWR.
Sex Differences in Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis (2006)

This meta-analysis confirmed a female predisposition of insomnia. Further studies will be needed to examine the roles of different factors in leading to the sex difference of insomnia.
1.58-μm broad-band erbium-doped tellurite fiber amplifier (2002)

This paper describes the development of a 1.58-/spl mu/m broad-band and gain-flattened erbium-doped tellurite fiber amplifier (EDTFA). First, we compare the spectroscopic properties of various glasses including the stimulated emission cross sections of the Er/sup 3+4/ I/sub 13/2/ /sup 4/I/sub 15/2/ transition and the signal excited-state absorption (ESA) cross sections of the Er/sup 3+4/ I/sub 13/2/ - /sup 4/I/sub 9/2/ transition. We detail the amplification characteristics of a 1.58-/spl mu/m-band EDTFA designed for wavelength-division-multiplexing applications by comparing it with a 1.58-/spl mu/m-band erbium-doped silica fiber amplifier. Furthermore, we describe the 1.58-/spl mu/m-band gain-flattened EDTFA we developed using a fiber-Bragg-grating-type gain equalizer. We achieved a gain of 25.3 dB and a noise figure of less than 6 dB with a slight gain excursion of 0.6 dB over a wide wavelength range of 1561-1611 nm. The total output power of the EDTFA module was 20.4 dBm and its power conversion efficiency reached 32.8%.
Adaptive control with selective memory (2004)

Abstract Adaptive control with selective memory updates the parameter estimates only when there is new information present. The information content increases and the estimator eventually stops. In this paper we use the Fisher information matrix and a variance estimator to measure the information content. The parameter estimates are updated only when the Information Matrix and/or the estimated variance of the prediction error increases. This gives an algorithm for adaptive control which converges to a linear time invariant controller. The resulting controller is robust with respect to bounded disturbances and small model/plant mismatch. Knowledge about overbounding sets for the parameter estimates or the disturbances are not needed. Simulation results using theoretical test cases illustrate near optimal performance for the converged parameters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy Aware Proactive MANET Routing with Prediction on Energy Consumption (2007)

Energy-aware routing in mobile wireless ad hoc networks has been investigated extensively in the framework of reactive routing. In this paper we present an energy preserving mechanism suitable to be integrated with a proactive MANET routing scheme. We use a compositive energy cost, which considers both transmission power consumption and residual energy of the nodes, as the routing metric. Our energy cost calculation is based on prediction of node energy consumption using ARIMA model. The formulation of our energy cost is tailored to heterogeneous MANET in terms of power consumptions. We extended OLSR with our energy preserving mechanism. Our power-aware version of OLSR is proven by simulation to be able to prolong network lifetime significantly in both homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios in terms of power consumptions.