gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of ultrahigh density and ultrasmall coherent β-FeSi2 nanodots on Si (111) substrates using Si and Fe codeposition method (2006)

We studied the formation of β-FeSi2 nanodots by codeposition at disilicide stoichiometric deposition rates of Fe and Si on Si (111) substrates covered with ultrathin SiO2 films. Hemispherical β-FeSi2 nanodots with an ultrahigh density (&gt;1012cm−2) and with a narrow size distribution at the average size of ∼5nm diameter were epitaxially grown by the codeposition at 500°C on ultrathin SiO2 films with predeposited Si. High-resolution transmission electron microscope observations showed that the formed nanodots were strained with a main configuration of β-FeSi2 (110)∕Si (111). We propose the formation mechanism that a reaction between the SiO2 films and deposited Si atoms formed voids in the SiO2 films to work as nucleation sites, followed by direct β-FeSi2 formation from Fe and Si without passing through other iron silicide phases.
Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2007)

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying ICH-induced brain injury have become better understood during the past decade. Experimental investigations have indicated that thrombin formation, red blood cell lysis, and iron toxicity play a major role in ICH-induced injury and that these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic targets. This article reviews the role of thrombin and iron in ICH-induced injury.
Highly Sensitive Optical Detector Using Superconducting Oxide BaPb<sub>0.7</sub>Bi<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BPB) (1984)

Highly sensitive optical detectors have been fabricated by using superconducting BaPb 0.7 Bi 0.3 O 3 (BPB) thin films. Optical signals create quasi-particles and induce energy gap changes which can be detected by Boundary Josephson Junctions (BJJs) in the films. The sensitivity is 10 4 V/W in the 1.0∼10 µm wavelength range and they can respond up to 500 MHz. This device is useful as a detector in an optical communication system or an infrared spectrometer.
An Event-Driven Interactive Model of Information Resource Management (2011)

Information Resources Management (IRM) is an emerging discipline that helps managers assess and exploit their information assets for business development. It draws on the techniques of information science (libraries) and information systems (IT related) as well as the process of business management. In this paper, we propose an event-driven interactive IRM model to effectively provide managers with valuable information and background processes to keep the valuable information. The structure of the proposed model is described, components and processes of the model and interactions between them are presented, and the benefits and obstacles of the model are analyzed.
A new class of C<sub>1</sub>-symmetric monosulfoximine ligands for enantioselective hetero Diels–Alder reactions (2003)

Quinoline-based C1-symmetric sulfoximines have been used as chiral ligands in copper-catalyzed asymmetric hetero Diels-Alder reactions leading to cycloadducts with up to 96% ee.
Sensory axons are guided by local cues in the developing dorsal spinal cord (1998)

During development, different classes of sensory neurons establish distinctive central projections within the spinal cord. Muscle spindle afferents (Ia fibers) grow ventrally through the dorsal horn to the ventral cord, whereas cutaneous sensory collaterals remain confined to the dorsal horn. We have studied the nature of the cues used by Ia fibers in establishing their characteristic projections within the dorsal horn. An organotypic culture preparation of embryonic chicken spinal cord and sensory ganglia was used to test the influence of ventral spinal cord and local cues within the dorsal spinal cord on the growing Ia afferents. When the ventral half of the spinal cord was replaced with an inverted duplicate dorsal half, Ia fibers entering through the dorsal columns still grew ventrally within the host dorsal horn. After the fibers entered the duplicate dorsal half, they continued growing in the same direction. With respect to the duplicate dorsal tissue, this was in an opposite, ventral-to-dorsal, direction. In both cases, however, Ia collaterals remained confined to the medial dorsal laminae. Restriction to these laminae was maintained even when the fibers had to change their direction of growth to stay within them. These results show that cues from the ventral cord are not required for the development of correct Ia projections within the dorsal horn. Local, rather than long-range directional, cues appear to determine the pattern of these projections. When the ventral half of the spinal cord was left intact but sensory axons were forced to enter the dorsal gray matter growing rostrally or caudally, their collateral axons grew in random directions, further showing the absence of directional cues even when the ventral cord was present. Taken together, these observations suggest that Ia fibers are guided by local positional cues that keep them confined to the medial gray matter within the dorsal horn, but their direction of growth is determined primarily by their orientation and position as they enter the dorsal gray matter.
Webster's New World dictionary of media and communications (1997)

Selected by Library Journal as one of the best reference books of the year, this extraordinary dictionary is the first ever to define and explain all of the specialized terms used in the many diverse worlds of communications. Its more than 35,000 entries -- including such terms as audiotex, flanging, gimbal, outcue, rain lap, rowback, splitscan, and zip pan -- span the fields of advertising, broadcasting, computer graphics, journalism, marketing, photography, publishing, recording, television, theater, and more. Now greatly expanded, this new edition has been updated throughout to cover all of the very latest technological developments in these rapidly evolving fields. For everyone involved in the fast-changing world of media and communications, this superb reference is sure to be an indispensable guide.
Dedicated Front-End Electronics for an ILC Prototype Hadronic Calorimeter with SiPM Readout (2006)

A prototype hadronic calorimeter for the ILC detector is under construction at DESY. It will consist of 8000 scintillator tiles with analog readout performed via SiPM directly mounted on each tile. A dedicated ASIC has been developed to match the requirements of large dynamic range, low noise, high precision and large number of readout channels needed. Particular care is given to the optimization aspects of the ASIC in the SiPM readout chain. To fully exploit the self-calibrating potentiality of this photodetector device, capable of recording single photoelectron signals, an externally selectable gain and shaping time are included in the design. The calorimeter system is described and the first calibration data are presented
Transient Hyperproliferation of a Transgenic Human Epidermis Expressing Hepatocyte Growth Factor (2002)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a fibroblast-derived protein that affects the growth, motility, and differentiation of epithelial cells including epidermal keratinocytes. To investigate the role of HGF in cutaneous biology and to explore the possibility of using it in a tissue engineering approach, we used retroviral-mediated gene transfer to introduce the gene encoding human HGF into diploid human keratinocytes. Modified cells synthesized and secreted significant levels of HGF in vitro and the proliferation of keratinocytes expressing HGF was enhanced compared with control unmodified cells. To investigate the effects of HGF in vivo, we grafted modified keratinocytes expressing HGF onto athymic mice using acellular dermis as a substrate. When compared with controls, HGF-expressing keratinocytes formed a hyperproliferative epidermis. The epidermis was thicker, had more cells per length of basement membrane, and had increased numbers of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells, many of which were suprabasal in location. Hyperproliferation subsided and the epidermis was equivalent to controls by 2 weeks, a time frame that coincides with healing of the graft. Transient hyperproliferation may be linked to the loss of factors present in the wound that activate HGF. These data suggest that genetically modified skin substitutes secreting HGF may have applications in wound closure and the promotion of wound healing.
<b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> <b>cultivation of</b> <b> <i>Wolbachia pipientis</i> </b> <b>in an</b> <b> <i>Aedes albopictus</i> </b> <b>cell line</b> (1997)

A continuous cell line, Aa23, was established from eggs of a strain of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, naturally infected with the intracellular symbiont Wolbachia pipientis. The resulting cell line was shown to be persistently infected with the bacterial endosymbiont. Treatment with antibiotics cured the cells of the infection. In the course of establishing this cell line it was noticed that RFLPs in the PCR products of two Wolbachia genes from the parental mosquitoes were fixed in the infected cell line. This indicates that the mosquito host was naturally superinfected with different Wolbachia strains, whereas the infected cell line derived from these mosquitoes only contained one of the original Wolbachia strains. The development of an in vitro culture system for this fastidious microorganism should facilitate molecular analysis of the reproduction distorting phenotypes it induces in natural arthropod hosts.
Introduction (1987)

The ultimate authority of the International Court of Justice flows from the same source as the ultimate authority of all other judicial bodies. Every court’s decisions are an authoritative source of law in a realistic sense only because they are accepted as such by the community whose controversies the court is charged to resolve. In the case of the World Court, it is the community of nations that confers that authority and under the Court’s Statute, its jurisdiction is conferred solely by the consent of the nations whose disputes it is called to adjudicate. It is for this reason that the case Nicaragua v. United States and the actions of both the Court and the United States Government in connection with it are of special importance to those who are concerned with international law.
A novel derivatization method with 5‐bromonicotinic acid N‐hydroxysuccinimide for determination of the amino acid sequences of peptides (1998)

We have developed a novel method that effectively identifies the N-terminal product ions produced in the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of peptides done in conjunction with the specific derivatization of the N-terminal amino group using 5-bromonicotinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BrNA-NHS). Electrospray ionization with low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS clearly differentiated the N-terminal product ions labeled with the 5-bromonicotinyl group from other ions, on the basis of the appearance of CID peaks with a doublet pattern characteristically separated by 2 mass units produced by the equal natural abundances of 79Br and 81Br. The tracing of a series of these bromine-containing product ions allows the easy amino acid sequencing of peptides. Using Gln-Arg-Leu-Gln-Ser-Asn-Gln-Leu-Lys as the test peptide, we found that within 30 minutes at pH 6.5 and 37 °C its α-amino group was completely acylated with BrNA-NHS (peptide: BrNA-NHS = 1:40; mol/mol). The ϵ-amino group of the C-terminal lysine residue was less likely to be acylated under these conditions, being only partly modified (about 20%). This suggests the possibility of keeping the ϵ-amino group free from acylation. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the amino acid sequences of peptides from porcine kidney aminoacylase I produced by digestion with lysyl endopeptidase and with Staphylococus aureus V8 protease. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ROSACEA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS (1953)

Journal Article ROSACEA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS Get access PETER BORRIE PETER BORRIE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 12, 1 December 1953, Pages 458–463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13185.x Published: 01 December 1953
Properties and Growth of Silicon‐Germanium (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials Properties of Silicon-germanium Physical Properties of Silicon-germanium Basic Epitaxy Theory Low-temperature Epitaxy Comparison of Silicon and Silicon-germanium Epitaxy Selective Epitaxy References
Low-dielectric constant materials II : symposium held December 2-3, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1997)

Low-dielectric constant materials are needed to improve the performance and speed of future integrated circuits. In fact, the diversity of contributors to this book is testimony to the global significance of the topic to the future of semiconductor manufacturing. Presentations include those by semiconductor equipment manufacturers and chemical source suppliers, academia from six countries, four government laboratories and five major device manufacturers. Approaches to designing and implementing reduction in dielectric constant for intermetal dielectric materials are featured and range from the evolution of silicon dioxide to fluorinated silicate glass, to the use of inorganic/organic polymers and spin-on-material, to fluorinated diamond-like carbon and nanoporous silica. The book also addresses the practical aspects of the use of low-dielectric constant materials such as chemical mechanical polishing of these materials and optimization of wiring delays in devices utilizing low-k material.
An axiomatic approach to distance on partial orderings (1986)

avec les conditions gnrales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/
The Mechanism of Galactosamine Toxicity Revisited; A Metabonomic Study (2007)

1H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the metabolic effects of the hepatotoxin galactosamine (galN) and the mechanism by which glycine protects against such toxicity. Rats were acclimatized to a 0 or 5% glycine diet for 6 days and subsequently administered vehicle, galN (500 mg/kg), glycine (5% via the diet), or both galN and glycine. Urine was collected over 12 days prior to administration of galN and for 24 hours thereafter. Serum and liver tissue were sampled on termination, 24 hours post-dosing. The metabolic profiles of biofluids and tissues were determined using high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy. Orthogonal-projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (O-PLS-DA) was applied to model the spectral data and enabled the hepatic, urinary, and serum metabolites that discriminated between control and treated animals to be determined. Histopathological data and clinical chemistry measurements confirmed the protective effect of glycine. The level of N-acetylglucosamine (glcNAc) in the post-dose urine was found to correlate strongly with the degree of galN-induced liver damage, and the urinary level of glcNAc was not significantly elevated in rats treated with both galN and glycine. Treatment with glycine alone was found to significantly increase hepatic levels of uridine, UDP-glucose, and UDP-galactose, and in view of the known effects of galactosamine, this suggests that the protective role of glycine against galN toxicity might be mediated by changes in the uridine nucleotide pool rather than by preventing Kupffer cell activation. Thus, we present a novel hypothesis: that administration of glycine increases the hepatic uridine nucleotide pool which counteracts the galN-induced depletion of these pools and facilitates complete metabolism of galN. These novel data highlight the applicability of NMR-based metabonomics in elucidating multicompartmental metabolic consequences of toxicity and toxic salvage.
Functional interrogation of a SARS-CoV-2 host protein interactome identifies unique and shared coronavirus host factors (2020)

Focused CRISPR screens targeting host factors in the SARS-CoV-2 interactome were performed for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses.Focused interactome CRISPR screens achieve higher resolution compared to genome-wide screens, leading to the identification of critical factors missed by the latter.Parallel CRISPR screens against multiple coronaviruses uncover host factors and pathways with pan-coronavirus and virus-specific functional roles.The number of host proteins that interact with a viral bait protein is not proportional to the number of functional interactors.Novel SARS-CoV-2 host factors are expressed in relevant cell types in the human airway.
Wireless electric power transfer based on Acoustic Energy through conductive media (2014)

This paper presents the development of a new wireless electric power transfer technique named Acoustic Energy Transfer (AET). Sound waves are utilized to transfer energy through metal barriers without direct-wired connections. Factors influencing the performance of AET are investigated, and a prototype AET system is developed. The prototype demonstrated that 62W of power can be transferred across a 70mm thick aluminum block at an efficiency of 74% when the system operates at the resonant frequency of the transducer (28kHz). These experimental results are very promising for practical applications where power transfer is needed across metal barriers. Suggestions for further development on AET systems are also presented.
Microinjection of Follicle-Enclosed Mouse Oocytes (2008)

The mammalian oocyte develops within a complex of somatic cells known as a follicle, within which signals from the somatic cells regulate the oocyte, and signals from the oocyte regulate the somatic cells. Because isolation of the oocyte from the follicle disrupts these communication pathways, oocyte physiology is best studied within an intact follicle. Here we describe methods for quantitative microinjection of follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes, thus allowing the introduction of signaling molecules as well as optical probes into the oocyte within its physiological environment.
Technology helps patients with emergency room prescriptions (2003)

Journal Article Technology helps patients with emergency room prescriptions Get access Cheryl A. Thompson Cheryl A. Thompson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 60, Issue 24, 15 December 2003, Page 2550, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/60.24.2550 Published: 15 December 2003
Kinetic Voronoi/Delaunay Drawing Tools (2006)

We describe two reversible line-drawing methods for cartographic applications based on the kinetic (moving-point) Voronoi diagram. Our objectives were to optimize the user's ability to draw and edit the map, rather than to produce the most efficient batch- oriented algorithm for large data sets, and all our algorithms are based on local operations (except for basic point location). Because the deletion of individual points or line segments is a necessary part of the manual editing process, incremental insertion and deletion is used. The original concept used here is that, as a curve (line) is the locus of a moving point, then segments are drawn by maintaining the topology of a single moving point (MP, or the "pen") as it moves through the topological network (visualized as either the Voronoi diagram or Delaunay triangulation). The trailing line accumulates the adjacency relationships of MP. There are thus three parts to our method: the maintenance of MP in the DT/VD; the use of MP to draw the constrained edges in the Delaunay triangulation; and the use of MP to draw the line segment Voronoi diagram. In all cases deletion is the inverse of the original drawing: move MP so as to "roll up" the desired segment. This approach also has the interesting property that a "log file" of all operations may be preserved, allowing reversion to previous map states, or "dates", as required.
Hydrothermal Route for Cutting Graphene Sheets into Blue‐Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots (2009)

Water-soluble graphene quantum dots (GQDs, ca. 10 nm in diameter) that exhibit bright blue photoluminescence (PL) are prepared by hydrothermal (chemical) cutting of oxidized graphene sheets (see figure). The mechanisms of the cutting and luminescence are discussed. This discovery of PL of GQDs may extend the range of application of graphene-based materials to optoelectronics and biological labeling.
Effects of Temperature, Acetate and Nitrate on MethaneGeneration from Petroleum Hydrocarbons (2014)

In this study, the effects of temperature, acetate and nitrate on methane gas production from biodegradation ofpetroleum hydrocarbons were investigated. The results indicated that methane gas production at 35 ℃ was higher than thatobtained at 55 ℃. The acetate addition significant enhanced the methane production at 35 ℃, however, at 55 ℃ the nitrateaddition could largely promote the methane production. The microbial community structures were revealed by PCR-DGGE.The Actinobacteria, Clostridia, Clostridiales, Syntrophus, Pseudomonas, and Proteobacteria-like bacteria and Methanocellales,Methanosaeta, Methanomicrobiales, Methanolinea, Thermoprotei-like archaea had been enriched at 35 ℃ in theacetate addition test. The Thermoprotei, Proteobacterium, Thermodesulfovibrio-like bacteria and Methanocellales-like archaeahad been enriched at 55 ℃ in the nitrate addition test. The results may shed light on the bio-utilization of marginal oilreservoirs for enhancing energy recovery.
Onychomycosis in clinical practice: factors contributing to recurrence (2003)

The treatment of onychomycosis has improved in recent years and many patients can now expect a complete and lasting cure. However, for up to 25% of patients, persistent disease remains a problem, thus presenting a particular challenge to the clinician. For these patients, it is obviously important to ensure that a correct diagnosis of onychomycosis has been made, as misdiagnosis will inevitably jeopardize the perception of therapeutic effectiveness. Although onychomycosis accounts for about 50% of all nail diseases seen by physicians, nonfungal causes of similar symptoms include repeated trauma, psoriasis, lichen planus, local tumours vascular disorders and inflammatory diseases. Predisposing factors that contribute to a poor response to topical and/or oral therapy include the presence of a very thick nail, extensive involvement of the entire nail unit, lateral nail disease and yellow spikes. However, poor penetration of systemic agents to the centre of infection, or the inability of topical agents to diffuse between the surface of the nail plate and the active disease below, probably contributes to this. Other factors contributing to recurrence may be related to the patient's family history, occupation, lifestyle or underlying physiology. In addition, patients with concomitant disease (e.g. peripheral vascular disease, diabetes) or patients who are immunosuppressed (e.g. those with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) are more susceptible to onychomycosis. In the elderly, the prevalence of onychomycosis may be as high as 60%, and increases with age; in this population, physical trauma plays a major role in precipitating recurrence, especially in patients with faulty biomechanics due to underlying arthritis and bone abnormalities. It is also possible that recurrence in some cases is due to early termination of treatment or use of an inappropriate dose, and these possibilities should be eliminated before further investigations are undertaken. There is good evidence to suggest that a combination of oral and topical therapies, when given at the same time, yield excellent clinical outcomes, although there remains a need for more effective topical agents with greater nail penetration and more effective oral antifungal agents.