gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinación inmunohistoquímica y utilidad pronóstica del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico en los tumores estromales gastrointestinales (2008)

Introduccin: el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidrmico, EGFR(HER-1), es un receptor de tirosina quinasas cuya activacin permite un aumento de la proliferacin celular, angiognesis, proceso metastsico y disminucin de la apoptosis celular. Nuestro objetivo es conocer el valor pronstico de la inmunotincin de EGFR en tumores estromales gastrointestinales (GIST).
Cross Surface Ambipolar Charge Percolation in Molecular Triads on Mesoscopic Oxide Films (2005)

We report on cross surface ambipolar charge percolation within a monolayer of a molecular triad adsorbed on semiconducting or insulating mesoscopic metal oxide films. The triad consists of a triphenlyamine (TPA) donor and a perylenemonoimide (PMI) acceptor connected by a bithiophene (T2) bridge. The self-assembled PMI-T2-TPA monolayer exhibits p-type or n-type conduction depending on the potential that is applied to the conducting glass (FTO) electrode supporting the oxide films. Cross surface electron transfer is turned on at around -1.24 V (vs Fc+/Fc) where the PMI moiety is electroactive. The color of the film changes from red to blue during the reduction of the PMI. By contrast, lateral hole transfer is turned on at around 0.8 V (vs Fc+/Fc) where the TPA moiety becomes electroactive. The stepwise oxidation of the T2-TPA units at 0.79 and 1.28 V (vs Fc+/Fc) is associated with a color change of the film from red to black. Cyclic voltammetric as well as chronocoulometric and spectroelectrochemical measurements were applied to determine the percolation threshold for cross surface charge transfer and the diffusion coefficients for the electron and hole hopping process. The effect of oxide surface states on the lateral charge motion was also investigated.
Fuzzy Ordering Theory and Its Use in Filter Generalization (2001)

<p/> The rank ordering of samples is widely used in robust nonlinear signal processing. Recent advances in nonlinear filtering algorithms have focused on combining spatial and rank (SR) order information into the filtering process to allow spatial correlations to be exploited while retaining the robust characteristics of strict rank order methods. Further generalization can be achieved by replacing the crisp, or binary, SR information utilized by most methods with more general fuzzy SR information. Indeed, by exploiting fuzzy methodologies real valued SR orderings can be defined that not only relate the spatial and rank orderings of samples, but also includes information on sample spread. This paper utilizes this approach to define fuzzy ranking and fuzzy order statistics. Properties of these concepts are discussed and several previously defined filters are generalized by including fuzzy concepts. Specifically, the fuzzy median, fuzzy rank conditioned rank selection, and fuzzy weighted median filters are defined. Optimization of the parameters for these filters are discussed. Simulation results are presented to show the advantages of these fuzzy filters over their crisp counterparts.
Initial Ionization Reaction in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (2010)

The initial ionization reaction in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was examined on the basis of the appearance of photoelectrons. The threshold laser fluence for the ejection of photoelectrons from 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), sinapinic acid (SA), and trihydroxyacetopheone (THAP) on stainless steel (SS) substrates was 0.05, 0.41, and 8.39 mJ/cm(2), respectively. These values are considerably lower than those for MALDI ions, indicating that the electron detachment likely precedes other ionization reactions. The SS substrate played an insignificant role in the production of photoelectrons because suspended DHB produced a photoelectron signal similar to DHB on the SS surface, and decreasing the DHB thickness on the SS reduced the photoelectron intensity. For crystalline DHB and SA, the photoelectron intensity increased with the laser (337 nm) fluence in a relationship of less than second order, suggesting considerable reductions of ionization potentials in comparison with free molecules. According to ab initio calculations, the ionization potential of DHB clusters reduces as the cluster size increases from monomer to octamer. The impact of these abundant electrons on the ion production in MALDI is discussed.
Sexually transmitted diseases and activities in New Zealand STD/Sexual Health Clinics 1994 (1996)

The statistics reported refer to new diagnoses and were gathered from 31 clinics in New Zealand for the year 1994. Epidemiological data on age and ethnicity from new patients, gonorrhoea and chlamydia were collected for the first time and are presented. (non- author abstract)
The Dof domain, a zinc finger DNA‐binding domain conserved only in higher plants, truly functions as a Cys2/Cys2 Zn finger domain (2004)

The Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) proteins are plant transcription factors that have a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, called the Dof domain. The Dof domain, which is composed of 52 amino acid residues, is similar to the Cys2/Cys2 zinc finger DNA-binding domain of GATA1 and steroid hormone receptors, but has a longer putative loop than that in the case of these zinc finger domains. The DNA-binding function of ascorbate oxidase gene binding protein (AOBP), a Dof protein, was investigated by gel retardation analysis. When Cys was replaced by His, the Dof domain could not function as a Cys3/His- or a Cys2/His2-type zinc finger. The characteristic longer loop was essential for DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, heavy metals such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) inhibited the DNA-binding activity of the Dof domain. Manganese ion as well as zinc ion was coordinated by the Dof domain in vitro. On the other hand, the analysis using inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed that the Dof domain contained zinc ion but not manganese ion. Thus, the Dof domain was proved to function as a Cys2/Cys2 zinc finger domain.
Genetic signatures of regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells (ESC) identify therapy-resistant phenotypes in cancer patients diagnosed with multiple types of epithelial malignancies (2007)

1272 Discovery of death-from-cancer signature genes implies that genetic signatures associated with a “stemness” state (defined as phenotypes of asymmetrical division, pluripotency, and self-renewal) might be informative as molecular predictors of cancer therapy outcome. We tested the validity of this concept employing genome-wide microarray analysis of several models of differentiation of human and mouse ESC. Applying signature discovery principles to analysis of gene expression during transition of ESC from “stemness” to differentiated phenotypes, we identified 7 gene expression signatures associated with a “stemness” epigenetic program of ESC that appear highly informative in stratification of the early-stage breast, prostate, and lung cancer patients into sub-groups with statistically distinct probabilities of therapy failure. Cancer therapy outcome predictor (CTOP) algorithm employing a panel of “stemness’ signatures [signatures of Nanog/Sox2/Oct4-, EED-, BMI1-, and Suz12-patways; transposon exclusion zones (TEZ) and bivalent chromatin domains (BCD) signatures] and a Myc-driven “wound signature” demonstrates nearly 100% specificity and sensitivity of CTOP power in retrospective analysis of large independent cohorts of breast, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancer patients. To date, the retrospective analysis of the prognostic power of individual “stemness” signatures is being extended to more than 3,100 patients diagnosed with 12 distinct types of cancer. Our analysis demonstrates that therapy-resistant and therapy-responsive cancer phenotypes manifest distinct patterns of association with “stemness”/differentiation pathways, suggesting that therapy-resistant and therapy-responsive tumors develop within genetically distinct “stemness”/differentiation programs. These differences can be exploited for development of prognostic and therapy selection genomic tests utilizing microarray-based CTOP algorithms. One of the major regulatory pathways manifesting distinct patterns of association with therapy-resistant and therapy-responsive phenotypes is the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins chromatin silencing pathway. RNAi-mediated targeting of the critical regulatory components of the PcG pathway in metastatic cancer cells eradicates disease in 67-83% of animals in a fluorescent orthotopic model of human prostate cancer metastasis in nude mice. We conclude that genetic signatures of “stemness” state identify therapy-resistant phenotypes in cancer patients diagnosed with multiple types of epithelial malignancies.These results provide powerful clinical evidence supporting the validity of the concept of cancer stem cells for human solid tumors.
Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of navitoclax (ABT-263), a dual inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X<sub>L</sub>, in patients with cancer (2014)

Co-administration navitoclax with rifampin moderately decreased navitoclax AUC, which could be partly due to the induction effect of rifampin on CYP3A4. Further assessment on the mechanism of drug interaction is warranted.
Transforming Ability of MEN2A-RET Requires Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT Signaling Pathway (2000)

The RET gene codes for a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role during the development of both the enteric nervous system and the kidney. Germ line missense mutations at one of six codons specifying extracytoplasmic cysteines are responsible for two related cancer disorders as follows: multiple endocrine neoplasia type2A (MEN2A) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). MEN2A and FMTC mutations result in a constitutive catalytic activity and as a consequence convert RET into a dominantly acting transforming gene. Although it has been shown that RET-MEN2 mutants activate several transduction pathways, their respective contribution to the neoplastic phenotype remains poorly understood. Over the past few years, it has become increasingly clear that the transforming ability of several viral and cellular oncoproteins depends on their capacity to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). We now report that RET carrying a representative MEN2A mutation at Cys-634 (termed RET-MEN2A) activates PI3K and its downstream effector, the serine/threonine kinase AKT/protein kinase B. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutation of Tyr-1062, which is the intracellular docking site for Shc and Enigma on RET, abolishes the RET-MEN2A transforming activity. We provide evidence that mutation of Tyr-1062 abrogates the binding of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K to RET-MEN2A and the subsequent stimulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, infection of rat fibroblasts with a retrovirus expressing a dominant-interfering form of PI3K suppresses RET-MEN2A-dependent transformation, whereas overexpression of AKT enhances the RET-MEN2A oncogenic potential. In summary, these data are consistent with the notion that RET-mediated cell-transforming effect is critically dependent on the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Periodontal repair in dogs: space‐providing ePTFE devices increase rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced bone formation (2003)

The results suggest that the novel space-providing, macroporous ePTFE device appears suitable as a template to define rhBMP-2/ACS-induced alveolar bone formation.
Improved Visual Relocalization by Discovering Anchor Points (2018)

We address the visual relocalization problem of predicting the location and camera orientation or pose (6DOF) of the given input scene. We propose a method based on how humans determine their location using the visible landmarks. We define anchor points uniformly across the route map and propose a deep learning architecture which predicts the most relevant anchor point present in the scene as well as the relative offsets with respect to it. The relevant anchor point need not be the nearest anchor point to the ground truth location, as it might not be visible due to the pose. Hence we propose a multi task loss function, which discovers the relevant anchor point, without needing the ground truth for it. We validate the effectiveness of our approach by experimenting on CambridgeLandmarks (large scale outdoor scenes) as well as 7 Scenes (indoor scenes) using variousCNN feature extractors. Our method improves the median error in indoor as well as outdoor localization datasets compared to the previous best deep learning model known as PoseNet (with geometric re-projection loss) using the same feature extractor. We improve the median error in localization in the specific case of Street scene, by over 8m.
Research of &#x201C;Stub&#x201D; remote debugging technique (2009)

Any application software will inevitably contain bugs during the development cycle. In order to correct these software flaws, developers need access to powerful debugging tools that allow them to be more efficient as well as be able to dig into the detailed operation of their application. Therefore, the debugger is a comparatively important tool in software development, particularly in the embedded software development. The paper analyses and studies the embedded debugging technique of stub mode. It adopts the remote serial communication protocol of GNU GDB, and takes over all exception handlers by software to implement debugging and tracking of object program. It realizes to read and to write memory units and registers, to set breakpoint, single step and to continue running. Stub mode is applied to RTEMS embedded real-time operating system and application program for debugging based on ARM.
Measuring the Appropriateness of Automatically Generated Phrasal Paraphrases (2010)

The most critical issue in generating and recognizing paraphrases is developing a wide-coverage paraphrase knowledge base. To attain the coverage of paraphrases that should not necessarily be represented at surface level, researchers have attempted to represent them with general transformation patterns. However, this approach does not prevent spurious paraphrases because there is no practical method to assess whether or not each instance of those patterns properly represents a pair of paraphrases. This paper argues on the measurement of the appropriateness of such automatically generated paraphrases, particularly targeting at morpho-syntactic paraphrases of predicate phrases. We first specify the criteria that a pair of expressions must satisfy to be regarded as paraphrases. On the basis of the criteria, we then examine several measures for quantifying the appropriateness of a given pair of expressions as paraphrases of each other. In addition to existing measures, a probabilistic model consisting of two distinct components is examined. The first component of the probabilistic model is a structured N-gram language model that quantifies the grammaticality of automatically generated expressions. The second component approximates the semantic equivalence and substitutability of the given pair of expressions on the basis of the distributional hypothesis. Through an empirical experiment, we found (i) the effectiveness of contextual similarity in combination with the constituent similarity of morpho-syntactic paraphrases and (ii) the versatility of the Web for representing the characteristics of predicate phrases.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 3/2006 (2006)

Cover: The picture on the cover shows a TEM image of the phase morphology and the mechanical properties of PMMA/SiO 2 nanocomposites. The indentation fracture mechanics is quite well applicable for evaluation of fracture toughness in combination with percolation of the bound polymer layers around the SiO 2 particles. Further details can be found in the article by R. Lach, G.‐M. Kim * , G. H. Michler, W. Grellmann, and K. Albrecht on page 263.
Application of microwave heating to ceramic processing: Design and initial operation of a 2.45-GHz single-mode furnace (1996)

High-power microwave and millimeter-wave sources are currently being applied to ceramic processing studies at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). A single-mode cavity microwave furnace, operating in the TE/sub 103/ mode at 2.45 GHz, is operational and is being used to investigate sintering of nanocrystalline ceramics. This paper reports the design of the 2.45-GHz furnace and its use in initial microwave sintering experiments on nanocrystalline alumina and titania compacts. The high purity Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and TiO/sub 2/ nanocrystalline powders used in the sintering experiments were prepared by the sol-gel method. These powders were first uniaxially pressed to 14 MPa, cold isostatically pressed (CIP'ed) to various pressures /spl ges/420 MPa, and finally sectioned into wafers. The density of the green compacts was 30 to 38% theoretical density (TD). The compacts were placed in insulating fiberboard caskets which were sufficiently lossy to provide hybrid heating at room temperature. The compacts were heated in the microwave furnace for up to three hours at temperatures /spl les/1720/spl deg/C. The temperature of the workpiece was monitored using an optical pyrometer. Final densities up to 80% TD have been obtained to date for Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and up to 52% TD for TiO/sub 2/. The sintered compacts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the phase and grain size.
Retrieving relevant reports from a customer engagement repository (2008)

Customers of modern enterprise applications commonly engage the vendor of the application for on-site troubleshooting and fine tuning of large deployments. The results of these engagements are documented in customer engagement reports. The reports contain valuable information about the observed symptoms, identified problems, attempted workarounds and the final solution. Such information is valuable in supporting analysts in future engagements. Engagement reports are stored in a customer engagement repository. Retrieving relevant reports from such a repository is usually ad-hoc and is based on using basic text search. We present a technique to retrieve relevant reports from an engagement repository. The technique takes as input an execution log for a particular deployment and retrieves relevant engagement reports. The technique identifies relevant reports by comparing execution logs attached to the report stored in the engagement repository. The technique returns two types of relevant reports: (1) reports for engagement with similar operational profiles to identify prior engagements with similar workloads and (2) reports for engagement with similar signature profiles to identify prior engagements with similar problems. Using our technique, support analysts can locate relevant engagement reports and use the knowledge in them to quickly resolve problems at hand. To demonstrate the feasibility of our technique, we present two case studies: one case study uses an industry standard open source application, the Dell DVD Store, while the other case study uses a large enterprise application. The results of our case study show that our technique performs well in identifying relevant reports with high precision and high recall.
Research and Implementation of IPSec Protocol Based on NDIS (2007)

A NDIS-IMD IPSec model based on the intermediate driver(IMD) of network driver interface specification(NDIS) is proposed.It is used to resolve such problems as source code lacking and flexibility restriction of IPSec in Windows 2000 OS.The NDIS-IMD IPSec consists of IPSec IMD module and application layer module,which communicate each other based on Windows driver model(WDM) mechanism.This IPSec can provide flexible and personalized IP security services for Windows 2000 users’ end-to-end communication.
Detection of Amadori Compounds in Heated Foods (1993)

Amadori compounds represent precursors of flavor and off-flavor components formed during heat processing of foods. They can be detected in dried vegetables, malt, and cocoa. For separation and determination of Amadori compounds we used amino acid analysis and HPLC followed by a post-column reaction with triphenyltetrazoliumchloride. For gas chromatographic analysis, the Amadori compounds are oximized and converted into the trimethylsilyl derivatives. This method also allows the determination of amino acids, reducing sugars, 3-deoxyglucosone, hydroxymethylfurfural and organic acids. By these methods Amadori compounds formed during vegetable processing, kiln-drying of malt and during roasting of cocoa beans can be detected.
Non-Coding RNAs: Multi-Tasking Molecules in the Cell (2013)

In the last years it has become increasingly clear that the mammalian transcriptome is highly complex and includes a large number of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here we review the biogenesis pathways of the three classes of sncRNAs, namely short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These ncRNAs have been extensively studied and are involved in pathways leading to specific gene silencing and the protection of genomes against virus and transposons, for example. Also, lncRNAs have emerged as pivotal molecules for the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression which is supported by their tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular distribution, and developmental regulation. Therefore, we also focus our attention on their role in differentiation and development. SncRNAs and lncRNAs play critical roles in defining DNA methylation patterns, as well as chromatin remodeling thus having a substantial effect in epigenetics. The identification of some overlaps in their biogenesis pathways and functional roles raises the hypothesis that these molecules play concerted functions in vivo, creating complex regulatory networks where cooperation with regulatory proteins is necessary. We also highlighted the implications of biogenesis and gene expression deregulation of sncRNAs and lncRNAs in human diseases like cancer.
Proteomic snapshot of the EGF‐induced ubiquitin network (2011)

The activity, localization and fate of many cellular proteins are regulated through ubiquitination, a process whereby one or more ubiquitin (Ub) monomers or chains are covalently attached to target proteins. While Ub-conjugated and Ub-associated proteomes have been described, we lack a high-resolution picture of the dynamics of ubiquitination in response to signaling. In this study, we describe the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-regulated Ubiproteome, as obtained by two complementary purification strategies coupled to quantitative proteomics. Our results unveil the complex impact of growth factor signaling on Ub-based intracellular networks to levels that extend well beyond what might have been expected. In addition to endocytic proteins, the EGF-regulated Ubiproteome includes a large number of signaling proteins, ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes, transporters and proteins involved in translation and transcription. The Ub-based signaling network appears to intersect both housekeeping and regulatory circuitries of cellular physiology. Finally, as proof of principle of the biological relevance of the EGF-Ubiproteome, we demonstrated that EphA2 is a novel, downstream ubiquitinated target of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), critically involved in EGFR biological responses.