gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a new mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with altered synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (1990)

A new gene, RHM1, required for normal production of 5-aminolevulinic acid by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was identified by a novel screening method. Ethyl methanesulfonate treatment of a fluorescent porphyric strain bearing the pop3-1 mutation produced nonfluorescent or weakly fluorescent mutants with defects in early stages of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Class I mutants defective in synthesis of 5-aminolevulinate regained fluorescence when grown on medium supplemented with 5-aminolevulinate, whereas class II mutants altered in later biosynthetic steps did not. Among six recessive class I mutants, at least three complementation groups were found. One mutant contained an allele of HEM1, the structural gene for 5-aminolevulinate synthase, and two mutants contained alleles of the regulatory gene CYC4. The remaining mutants contained genes complementary to both hem1 and cyc4. Mutant strain DA3-RS3/68 contained mutant gene rhm1, which segregated independently of hem1 and cyc4 during meiosis. 5-Aminolevulinate synthase activity of the rhm1 mutant was 35 to 40% of that of the parental pop3-1 strain, whereas intracellular 5-aminolevulinate concentration was only 3 to 4% of the parental value. Transformation of an rhm1 strain with a multicopy plasmid containing the cloned HEM1 gene restored normal levels of 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity, but intracellular 5-aminolevulinate was increased to only 9 to 10% of normal. We concluded that RHM1 could control either targeting of 5-aminolevulinate synthase to the mitochondrial matrix or the activity of the enzyme in vivo.
Intragenic activating and repressing elements control transcription from the adenovirus IVa2 initiator. (1994)

The downstream stimulatory segment of the adenovirus type 2 IVa promoter includes a TA-rich sequence that binds recombinant TATA-binding proteins (TBP) in vitro. We now demonstrate that when placed upstream of the IVa2, initiator, this TA-rich sequence operated as a TATA element but exhibited significantly lower transcriptional and TBP-binding activities than did the TATA box of the adenovirus major late (ML) promoter. In sharp contrast, changing the IVa2 TA-rich sequence in its natural, intragenic context to the ML TATA sequence increased the activity of the IVa2 promoter only slightly. In view of this discrepancy, we examined the effects of single, double, and clustered point mutations in the downstream sequence on the activity of a minimal IVa2 promoter. Mutations between positions +21 and +29 inhibited IVa2 transcription, in some cases to the very low level directed by the IVa2 initiator alone. By contrast, substitutions within the TA-rich sequence increased the efficiency of IVa2 transcription. These results indicated that the downstream, TA-rich sequence does not function as an intragenic TFIID-binding site but rather is included within a negative regulatory element. Electrophoretic mobility shift and methylation interference assays using wild-type and mutated, intragenic promoter sequences identified a HeLa cell component whose binding to the sequence +11 to +27 correlated with repression of IVa2 transcription, suggesting that a negative regulatory element is superimposed upon the intragenic sequence required for efficient transcription from the IVa2 initiator.
A conserved inverted repeat from rice plastome functions as an intrinsic transcription terminator (2005)

Results from a previous rice transcription mapping and the GeSTer algorithm analysis used in this investigation for rice plastid genome suggest that an inverted repeat, IRs18, in 3' region of the plastid rps18 gene may serve as a transcription terminator. The in vitro transcription assay showed that the transcript ending at the IRs18 was not processed by ribonucleases but terminated intrinsically in an rNTP substrate-dependent manner as demonstrated for the first time in plant gene regulation. For the poly-T tract (TTCTTTTTT) 3'-proximal to the IRs18, the C base conversion to T resulting in a perfect 9 Ts can dramatically increase termination efficiency, which is a common feature of bacterial intrinsic termination. This study is the first case to indicate that a conserved inverted repeat with a poly-T tract from higher plant chloroplast contributes to transcription termination of the translation-associated rps18 gene in a manner with the intrinsic termination, probably resulting from a heritage of endosymbiosis.
Epigenetic alterations brought about by lithium treatment disrupt mouse embryo development (1996)

The commonly accepted mechanism by which LiCl corsalizes amphibian embryos is a respecification of ventral blastomeres, presumably through realignment of dorsal positional information in the embryo. An alternative mechanism, however, is an epigenetic change in the competence of cells to respond to cues they may be normally exposed to without effect. In order to test this hypothesis, we treated mouse preimplantation embryos, which do not possess any axial positional information, with LiCl, and observed axial abnormalities which must have been elaborated several days after treatment. We interpret this as support for the hypothesis that cellular competence rather than positional information is altered by LiCl, and suggest that this competence may be altered through the action of lithium sensitive enzymes that interact with chromatin. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
.gamma.-Aminobutyric acid esters. 3. Synthesis, brain uptake, and pharmacological properties of C-18 glyceryl lipid esters of GABA with varying degree of unsaturation (1987)

A series of 14C-labeled and unlabeled di-gamma-aminobutyric acid esters of glyceryl lipids having zero to three double bonds (stearoyl, oleoyl, linoleoyl, and linolenoyl) were synthesized. Measurements of the octanol/water partition coefficients of the compounds showed an increase with decreasing number of double bonds (i.e., from linolenoyl to stearoyl). The brain-uptake index went up from 31.5 (linolenoyl) to 45.1 (stearoyl) and similarly the brain-penetration index went up from 15 (linolenoyl) to 28 (stearoyl). Intraperitoneal injections of these di-GABA lipid esters produced a substantial inhibition of the general motor activity in mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg; the most active molecules were those containing two and three double bonds, i.e., the linolenoyl and linolenoyl derivatives. This is in reverse order to that predicted by brain-uptake and lipid-solubility properties, suggesting that the structure of the fatty acid side chain may be an additional factor in influencing biological activity.
Improvement of reproducibility of macular volume measurements using the Heidelberg retinal tomograph (2000)

The modification of VARP measurements between scans of the same eye has improved the COV from 31% to 9% in eyes with diabetic macular oedema.
Nitrogen-bound and carbon-bound xanthine complexes of ruthenium ammines (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogen-bound and carbon-bound xanthine complexes of ruthenium amminesMichael J. Clarke and Henry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 6, 1397–1403Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00839a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00839a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Über die Wechselstromelektroosmose (1963)

Die Erscheinung der Wechselstromelektroosmose macht sich dann bemerkbar, wenn beiderseits eines Diaphragmas verschiedene Flussigkeiten z. B. eine Losungsmittel, vorhanden sind, oder, wenn die beiderseits anwesenden Flussigkeiten zwar dieselben sind, das Diaphragma z. B. asymmetrische Formen besitzt. Beim Zustandekommen der Erscheinung spielt die in der Umgebung der Kapillarwande entstandene Ladungsverteilung die Hauptrolle, da die Ionen durch ihr Vorhandensein die DK der Flussigkeit andern. Das dadurch zustandegekommene DK-Gefalle ruft im elektrischen Feld die Elektroosmose hervor, bei welcher der osmotische Druck eine quadratische Funktion der Feldstarke ist. Dieser DK-Gradient verdankt seine Entstehung nicht nur den Ionen in der unmittelbar bei der Kapillarwand entstandenenHelmholtzschen Doppelschicht, sondern auch denen in den darauffolgenden Ionenschichten, in denen die Ionen allerdings nicht so fest gebunden sind wie in derHelmoholtzschen Doppelschicht. Ihre Verteilung kann deshalb in diesen Aussenschichten bereits durch Warmeanderungen oder durch die Anderung der Frequenz der Wechselspannung gestort werden, wodurch auch der Ablauf der Wechselstromelektroosmose beeinflusst wird. Die aufgereihten Gesetzmassigkeiten sind nur dann gultig, wenn die Lange der Kapillaren (l) im Verhaltnis zu ihren Durchmessern (r) sehr gross ist (l≫r). Unter der Wirkung einer Wechselspannung spielt sich aber auch dann Elektroosmose ab, wenn neben denselben Bedingungenl∼r ist. Allerdings gelten in diesem Fall andere Gesetzmassigkeiten wie im Falll≫r, weil hier die Osmose von der Stromung der solvatierten Ionen hervorgerufen wird.
Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Composites from Cubic Silsesquioxanes. Epoxy Resins of Octa(dimethylsiloxyethylcyclohexylepoxide) Silsesquioxane (2003)

Standard research protocols were developed to explore the use of octahedral silsesquioxane (cube) organic/inorganic nanocomposites as model systems for determining nanostructure−processing−property relationships to demonstrate that nanoscale structural manipulation of the organic component can significantly change macroscale physical properties. Comparison of octaglycidyldimethylsiloxyoctasilsesquioxane [(glycidyl-Me2SiOSiO1.5)8] (OG)/diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and octa(ethylcyclohexylepoxide)dimethylsiloxy silsesquioxane (OC)/DDM nanocomposite resins provide the first demonstration that well-defined nanostructures can be formed wherein linear organic tethers of known structure join only two cube vertices. HF dissolution of cubes followed by GPC analysis demonstrates that only linear tethers form in OC/DDM. TEM studies suggest that these nanocomposites are homogeneous at the nanometer scale, thus supporting the chemical analysis studies. The physical properties of these nanocomposites were then systematically assessed and the network tether architectures quantitatively analyzed to correlate the changes in nanostructure with macroscopic properties. TGA, DMA, room-temperature mechanical properties, and molecular modeling studies suggest that nanocomposite thermomechanical properties can be modified by changing the tether architecture/rigidity and predicted by molecular modeling. Surprisingly, OC/DDM elastic moduli increase from 2.2 to 3.3 GPa as the DDM content increases 2-fold beyond the maximum cross-link density into a high defect density region while the fracture toughness remains unchanged. An explanation for this behavior is proposed. This appears to be a true nanocomposite property. Blending provides an effective approach for modifying properties dominated by particular tethers. The results reported here offer several guidelines in designing cube hybrid nanocomposites and detailing future studies.
The synthesis of unsaturated adenine nucleosides related to angustmycin A (1967)

J. R. McCarthy, M. J. Robins and R. K. Robins, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 536 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000536
Somatuline (BIM 23014) and tamoxifen treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients: clinical activity and effect on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. (1996)

Somatostatin analogues have been shown to suppress some hormones and growth factors involved in breast tumour growth and a direct in vivo and clinical antimumour effect has recently been reported. In our study the effects of tamoxifen, combined with a depot somatostatin analogue in 33 postmenopausal untreated breast cancer patients, have been evaluated. Blood samples were obtained before treatment, after 14 days and then monthly, in order to evaluate the behaviour of serum IGF-I, GH and somatuline levels. The drug combination resulted in a significant and synergistic reduction of plasma IGF-I concentration. No significant changes of serum GH were observed. 12.5% of patients exhibited a complete response and 37.5% a partial response for an overall objective response rate of 50% (95% CL 35-69%). The high remission rate reported, the absence of overlapping side effects between tamoxifen and somatuline and the synergistic activity on IGF-I suppression justify a further evaluation of the drug-combination.
A Medium Access Control Protocol with Retransmission Using NACK and Directional Antennas for Broadcasting in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (2004)

To improve the throughput performance keeping high reliable broadcasting, we propose an efficient Medium Access Control protocol for broadcasting in wireless ad-hoc networks with IEEE 802.11. In the proposed protocol, to reduce the number of retransmissions, a broadcast packet is retransmitted according to NACK instead of ACK. Moreover, the broadcast packet is retransmitted only to the area including nodes that request retransmission by using directional antennas. By computer simulations, we show that the proposed protocol can improve throughput performance keeping high reliable broadcasting compared with the BACK protocol. Especially, the proposed protocol 2 achieves the high throughput of 6, keeping the high success rate of data packet reception of approximately 0.7.
Glucose and reactive oxygen species (2002)

Diabetes is characterized by high glucose concentrations that lead, via several mechanisms (glucose autoxidation, stimulation of the polyol pathway, activation of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and production of advanced glycation endproducts), to an increased production of reactive oxygen species. The resulting oxidative stress (the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and the antioxidant defences) can play a key role in diabetes pathogenesis. Superoxide radicals generated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase may thus contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by the inactivation of nitric oxide, and more generally to vascular dysfunction, thereby contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. The increased production of reactive oxygen species induced by hyperglycaemia has also been suggested to be involved in platelet dysfunction, in tissue remodelling (via metalloproteinases), and in redox regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Beyond the classic treatments for diabetes, new therapeutic strategies involving antioxidants or anti-advanced glycation endproduct molecules are proposed. Future methods could take into account the signalling pathways and genes that are regulated by reactive oxygen species.
Two-lasers assisted ablation: A method for enhancing conventional laser ablation of materials (1996)

A new method for enhanced ablation by pulsed laser radiation has been demonstrated. The method utilizes an "impulse" ablation laser in conjunction with cyclical heating of the tissue by an auxiliary source: the "primer." In this study we use an auxiliary laser as the "primer" heat source, which sets up a thermal and stress field modulation in the target material. The cyclical stress associated with the thermal modulation reduces material strength thus enhancing ablation (larger mass removed per pulse) by the "impulse" laser. Ablation rate enhancement of more than twice the single-laser value is demonstrated.
A design methodology for the 60 GHz CMOS power amplifier using on‐chip transformers (2011)

Abstract This letter presents a design methodology for the millimeter wave amplifier using 90‐nm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company (TSMC) CMOS technology. The proposed design scheme with mathematically modeled transmission lines and interstage matching transformers illustrates how to design a millimeter amplifier considered in the maximum power transfer. The single‐ended transformer‐coupled CMOS PA is implemented to verify the design methodology. The design consists of neutralized common source (CS) amplifiers, matching transmission lines, and 3D modeled transformers. The designed circuit shows 16.2‐dB gain and 9‐dBm saturation power over 60‐GHz channel. The measured results are well matched with the proposed modeling results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:506–509, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25782
Preparation and investigation of the tribological behavior of poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)/silica thin films (2008)

Organic-inorganic poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)(PPEK)/SiO_2 hybrid composite thin films were prepared by the dip-coating method on pre-cleaned glass substrates.The covalent bonds between organic and inorganic phases were introduced by the in situ acylation reaction of isocyanatopropy- Itriethoxysilane(ICPTES)with reductive PPEK(HPPEK)forming a polymer bearing triethoxysilyl groups. Theses groups subsequently were hydrolyzed with tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)and allowed to form a network via a sol-gel process.The tribological experiment showed that the films have very low friction coefficient (about 0.1)and good anti-wear properties,with a lack of failure even after sliding 18000 s under mod- est loads.These films are meeting practical lubricant and protection process requirements,including low processing temperature,high thermal stability,and reliable mechanical properties.
Hepatitis C Related Chronic Liver Cirrhosis: Feasibility of Texture Analysis of MR Images for Classification of Fibrosis Stage and Necroinflammatory Activity Grade (2015)

Texture quantitative parameters of MR images facilitate classification of the fibrosis stage as well as necroinflammatory activity grade in chronic hepatitis C, especially after categorizing the input dataset according to the activity or fibrosis degree in order to remove the interference between the fibrosis stage and necroinflammatory activity grade on texture features.
Nucleophilic substitution of fluorinated C60 (1992)

Highly fluorinated C60 is extremely reactive towards nucleophilic substitution, which may proceed by a novel mechanism; attachment of a wide range of functional groups to the fullerene cage can thus be accomplished.
Fast 3D iterative image reconstruction for SPECT with rotating slat collimators (2009)

As an alternative to the use of traditional parallel hole collimators, SPECT imaging can be performed using rotating slat collimators. While maintaining the spatial resolution, a gain in image quality could be expected from the higher photon collection efficiency of this type of collimator. However, the use of iterative methods to do fully three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is computationally much more expensive and furthermore involves slow convergence compared to a classical SPECT reconstruction. It has been proposed to do 3D reconstruction by splitting the system matrix into two separate matrices, forcing the reconstruction to first estimate the sinograms from the rotating slat SPECT data before estimating the image. While alleviating the computational load by one order of magnitude, this split matrix approach would result in fast computation of the projections in an iterative algorithm, but does not solve the problem of slow convergence. There is thus a need for an algorithm which speeds up convergence while maintaining image quality for rotating slat collimated SPECT cameras. Therefore, we developed a reconstruction algorithm based on the split matrix approach which allows both a fast calculation of the forward and backward projection and a fast convergence. In this work, an algorithm of the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) type, obtained from a split system matrix MLEM reconstruction, is proposed as a reconstruction method for rotating slat collimated SPECT data. Here, we compare this new algorithm to the conventional split system matrix MLEM method and to a gold standard fully 3D MLEM reconstruction algorithm on the basis of computational load, convergence and contrast-to-noise. Furthermore, ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) implementations of these three algorithms are compared. Calculation of computational load and convergence for the different algorithms shows a speedup for the new method of 38 and 426 compared to the split matrix MLEM approach and the fully 3D MLEM respectively and a speedup of 16 and 21 compared to the split matrix OSEM and the fully 3D OSEM respectively. A contrast-to-noise study based on simulated data shows that our new approach has comparable accuracy as the fully 3D reconstruction method. The algorithm developed in this study allows iterative image reconstruction of rotating slat collimated SPECT data with equal image quality in a comparable amount of computation time as a classical SPECT reconstruction.
Identification and Inhibitory Properties of Multifunctional Peptides from Pea Protein Hydrolysate (2010)

Pea protein isolate was hydrolyzed with alcalase, and the hydrolysate passed through a 1 kDa cutoff ultrafiltration membrane. The permeate was freeze-dried and fractionated on a cationic solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. All fractions were tested for their inhibitory activities against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin, and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase 1 (CaMPDE). With the exception of the first eluted fraction, inhibitory properties of the SPE fractions against CaMPDE (but not ACE and renin) were directly related to cationic character (residence time on the column). However, the fraction that eluted with 1% ammonium hydroxide (SPE 1%) had the highest peptide yield and was subsequently fractionated using two consecutive rounds of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to obtain three peaks with major peptides identified as IR, KF, and EF by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The three dipeptides showed weak inhibitory properties toward CaMPDE but strong inhibitions (IC50 values <25 mM) of ACE and renin. In general, the peptides had higher potency against ACE than against renin. It is indicated from our results that these peptides may be used as potential ingredients to formulate multifunctional food products and nutraceuticals.