gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steganographic Communication via Spread Optical Noise: A Link-Level Eavesdropping Resilient System (2018)

We are witnessing a rising concern over communication security and privacy. Conventional cryptography techniques encrypt data into unreadable codes, but still expose the existence of communications through metadata information (e.g., packet timing and size). In contrast, we propose a steganographic communication scheme adopting a novel combination of the intrinsic optical noise and a unique signal spreading technique to hide the existence of optical communications, i.e., optical steganography. We experimentally implement a prototype steganographic communication system, which requires zero cover-signal overhead to enable a stealth communication channel over the existing communication infrastructure. Both the frequency and time-domain characterizations of our prototype implementation verify the feasibility of our approach. We also demonstrate the first practical steganographic communication that provides reliable communication performances between real computers at the application layer (200-300 Mb/s file transfer rate and 25-30 Mb/s Internet data rate) over long-distance optic fibers (25-50 km). Additional bit-error-rate measurements illustrate negligible channel interference between the public and stealth communications (less than 1 dB power penalty). We further quantitatively demonstrate that the eavesdropper's chance of matching system parameters to effectively recover the stealth signal is 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> by random guessing, and that the eavesdropper's ability of detecting the stealth signal hidden in the transmission channel is strictly limited close to a random guess. Our steganographic communication scheme provides an attractive foundation for mitigating eavesdropping at the link level; thus, paving the way for future privacy-enhancing technologies using the physical layer characteristics of communication links.
Electron transport in 2-t-butyl-9,10-N,N′-dicyanoanthraquinonediimine (1994)

Electron mobilities are measured in vapor deposited layers of 2-t-butyl-9,10-N,N′-dicyanoanthraquinonediimine (DCAQ). The results are described within the framework of a formalism based on disorder, due to Bassler and coworkers. According to the formalism, charge transport occurs by hopping through a maniforld of localized states with superimposed positional disorder. The key parameters of the formation are Σ, the energy width of the hopping site manifold and Σ, a parameter that describes the degree of positional disorder. For DCAQ, σ = 0.101 eV and σ = 2.0. The experimental results are interpreted to show that the energy width of the hopping site manifold is mainly determined by dipole moments associated with the cyanoimine functionalities of the DCAQ molecule while the degree of positional disorder is attributed to packing constraints. A comparison is made between DCAQ and literature results recently reported for hole transport in a number of vapor deposited donor compounds.
A single-photon sensitive synchroscan streak camera for room temperature picosecond emission dynamics of adenine and polyadenylic acid (1984)

It is experimentally verified that a synchroscan streak camera, incorporating a microchannel plate and synchronizing with UV picosecond pulses generated inside the cavity of a mode-locked CW ring dye laser, has enough sensitivity to detect picosecond emission phenomena in the region of a single-photon event. To demonstrate the usefulness of the synchroscan streak camera, the first measurement of time- and wavelength-resolved emissions in the picosecond region is successfully carried out for adenine and polyadenylic acid aqueous solutions at room temperature, and shows that their shortest lifetimes, due to the monomer fluorescence, are 6 and 8 ps, respectively.
Compressional Wave Velocities in Eclogites of the Dabieshan, Central China to 5.0GPa: A Preliminary Result. (1998)

The Dabie high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt is a collisional orogen where coesite and microdiamond inclusions were found. Ten eclogite samples, five from the high-pressure (HP) belt and five from the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) belt, were selected and measured the compressional wave velocities (Vp) in three mutually orthogonal directions. The UHF eclogites seem to have higher Vp than the HP samples at the identical pressures. The anisotropy in samples from UHP belt (4. 16 %) is less than that from HP belt (6. 37 %). Eclogite, with a possible content from 7. 8 to 16. 5 % is distributed in the crust beneath the central Dabieshan.
Anomalous pre-nucleation volume expansion of amorphous BaTiO3 (2005)

The mass-density evolution of self-supported films of sputtered amorphous BaTiO3 was investigated. Upon heating, these films undergo a pre-nucleation structural transformation that is accompanied by an anomalously large volume expansion (up to 10%). This behavior has not been observed for any other amorphous materials, in which crystallization is generally accompanied by monotonic shrinkage. Our data suggest that any factor affecting pre-nucleation structural changes in the amorphous phase has a decisive influence on the kinetics and products of crystallization. A layer of 20 nm MgO on one surface of the amorphous BaTiO3 film strongly inhibits the expansion. If BaTiO3 is allowed to expand freely, it crystallizes into the hexagonal polymorph, whereas in the presence of MgO the perovskite phase forms.
Inhibition by carboxylic acids of an <i>o</i>‐diphenol oxidase from <i>Prunus avium</i> fruits (1974)

Abstract Aromatic carboxylic acids strongly inhibited 4‐methylcatechol oxidation by an o ‐diphenol oxidase extracted from sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium). Esterification of the acids decreased their inhibitory strength. Inhibitors containing the benzene nucleus showed a greater effectiveness than the corresponding aliphatic and heterocyclic compounds (except 2‐naphthalenecarboxylic acid). Similar inhibitory effects were observed by replacing the benzene ring with a highly unsaturated open chain. The inhibitory properties of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, p ‐coumaric acid and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid were investigated. It is proposed that the catalytic and inhibitory sites are close together in the enzyme molecule.
Role of active‐site residues of dispersin B, a biofilm‐releasing β‐hexosaminidase from a periodontal pathogen, in substrate hydrolysis (2007)

Dispersin B (DspB), a family 20 beta-hexosaminidase from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, cleaves beta(1,6)-linked N-acetylglucosamine polymer. In order to understand the substrate specificity of DspB, we have undertaken to characterize several conserved and nonconserved residues in the vicinity of the active site. The active sites of DspB and other family 20 hexosaminidases possess three highly conserved acidic residues, several aromatic residues and an arginine at subsite -1. These residues were mutated using site-directed mutagenesis and characterized for their enzyme activity. Our results show that a highly conserved acid pair in beta-hexosaminidases D183 and E184, and E332 play a critical role in the hydrolysis of the substrates. pH activity profile analysis showed a shift to a higher pH (6.8) in the optimal activity for the E184Q mutant, suggesting that this residue might act as the acid/base catalyst. The reduction in k(cat) observed for Y187A and Y278A mutants suggests that the Y187 residue (unique to DspB) located on a loop might play a role in substrate specificity and be a part of subsite +1, whereas the hydrogen-bond interaction between Y278A and the N-acetyl group might help to stabilize the transition state. Mutation of W237 and W330 residues abolished hydrolytic activity completely suggesting that alteration at these positions might collapse the binding pocket for the N-acetyl group. Mutation of the conserved R27 residue (to R27A or R27K) also caused significant reduction in k(cat) suggesting that R27 might be involved in stabilization of the transition state. From these results, we conclude that in DspB, and possibly in other structurally similar family 20 hydrolases, some residues at the active site assist in orienting the N-acetyl group to participate in the substrate-assisted mechanism, whereas other residues such as R27 and E332 assist in holding the terminal N-acetylglucosamine during the hydrolysis.
A new approach to force distribution and planning for multifingered grasps of solid objects (2002)

A novel methodology and algorithmic implementation is proposed for the choice of feasible grasp points on irregular objects. Using a point contact model, grasp points are chosen based on analysis of the internal grasping forces. Frictional, internal, and manipulation forces are taken into account. Frictional constraints are satisfied by tuning the magnitude of the internal forces using the proposed algorithm, which efficiently reduces the amount of computation required. The main thrust of this analysis is the embedding of grasp mechanics-namely intuitive human-like force distribution and computational efficiency-into a practical methodology for grasp planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photoresponsive dendrimers (1997)

D. M. Junge and D. V. McGrath, Chem. Commun., 1997, 857 DOI: 10.1039/A700292K
Leukocyte migration and graft-versus-host disease (2005)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Acute GVHD is mediated by immunocompetent donor T cells, which migrate to lymphoid tissues soon after infusion, recognize host alloantigens, and become activated upon interaction with host antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Recent work from our group and others suggests that activated effector T cells exit lymphoid tissues and traffic to mucosal sites and parenchymal target organs such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, lung, and skin where they cause tissue damage. The molecular interactions necessary for effector cell migration during GVHD have become the focus of a growing body of research, as these interactions represent potential therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions and adhesion molecules that have been shown to play roles in effector cell migration in experimental GVHD models, and we discuss a potential model for the role of chemokines during the activation phase of GVHD.
Effects of NAA, AVG, and 1-MCP on Ethylene Biosynthesis, Preharvest Fruit Drop, Fruit Maturity, and Quality of ‘Golden Supreme’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples (2007)

Effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) alone or in combination on fruit ethylene production, preharvest fruit drop, fruit quality, and fruit maturation were examined in ‘Golden Supreme’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). In ‘Golden Supreme’ apples, the combination of two applications of AVG and one application of NAA 3 and 1 week, respectively, before the anticipated optimum harvest date synergistically inhibited fruit ethylene production and delayed fruit drop and ripening. Compared with one or two applications of AVG, the combination of one application of AVG and two applications of NAA had much lower preharvest fruit drop, although there was no significant difference in fruit ethylene production among these treatments. In ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, 1-MCP at 396 mg·L −1 had a better effect in delaying fruit drop than did AVG at 125 mg·L −1 or NAA at 20 mg·L −1 when they were applied a week before the optimum harvest date. The combination of NAA and 1-MCP or AVG was more effective in delaying fruit drop than were NAA, 1-MCP, or AVG alone. Fruit ethylene production was inhibited by 1-MCP and AVG but not by NAA. 1-MCP and AVG delayed fruit ripening, whereas NAA increased fruit ripening as determined by fruit firmness and starch.
La limitation des naissances dans l'Empire romain (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 6 synergistically induce T cell growth (1990)

T cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin are dependent on monocyte-derived helper signals (e.g. interleukin (IL) 6 and IL 1) for their proliferation. In the present study the effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF-alpha) as a helper signal for growth of highly purified peripheral blood human T cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin was examined. TNF-alpha alone had a weak co-stimulatory effect, while a combination of TNF-alpha and IL 6 provided highly effective synergistic helper signals for T cell proliferation. The effect of TNF-alpha could not be ascribed to secondary induction of IL 1 production. The effect of TNF-alpha on T cell proliferation was also found to be independent of the autocrine T cell growth factors IL 2 and IL 4. This latter points to dissimilarity between IL 1 and TNF-alpha in the mechanism by which each of these two cytokines in combination with IL 6 promotes T cell proliferation. TNF-alpha, IL 6 and IL 1 thus seem to follow different pathways in their function as helper signals in T cell activation.
Difficulties of Implementing The Kellogg Pact (1931)

Essay| January 01 1931 Difficulties of Implementing The Kellogg Pact Philip Marshall Brown Philip Marshall Brown Professor of International Law, Princeton University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1931) 33 (4): 493–497. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1931.33.4.493 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Philip Marshall Brown; Difficulties of Implementing The Kellogg Pact. Current History 1 January 1931; 33 (4): 493–497. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1931.33.4.493 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1931 by The Regents of the University of California1931 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
EERF (Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility) standard operating procedures for radon-222 measurement using charcoal canisters. Final report (1987)

The passive nature of activated charcoal allows both adsorption and desorption, and, in addition, the adsorbed radon undergoes radioactive decay during the exposure period. Therefore, the canister cannot uniformly integrate over the entire exposure period. However, the canisters can be calibrated to yield precise results for radon concentrations in structures during the deployment period of 48 hours used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Laser ultrasonics evaluation and testing of coated HTR nuclear fuel (2011)

Laser ultrasonics was applied to the manufacturing control of the quality and integrity (no failure) of coated spherical particles designed for High Temperature Reactors (HTR). The coating of the nuclear fuel kernel is designed to prevent from the diffusion of fission products outside the particle during reactor operation. The quality assessment of the coating layers is of major importance. Using laser ultrasonics, we determined the vibration eigenmodes of dummy HTR particles. The vibration spectrum of a HTR particle provides a non-destructive method of evaluating some important mechanical parameters of the coating. Moreover, without damaging the particle, the laser ultrasonics technique allows to test the presence of a crack in the SiC layer, through the observation of the particle vibration spectrum, which is significantly changed, compared to that of a defect-free particle. We applied nanosecond acoustic pulses, i.e., high frequency laser-generated ultrasound, to measure the acoustic velocity of longitudinal waves the SiC layer. This technique provides an alternative method of evaluation of the Young modulus of the SiC layer. We measure the velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAW) on a pyrocarbon layer cross-section and we demonstrated that the anisotropy of the internal pyrocarbon layer can be evaluated by laser ultrasonics.
An Efficient Synthesis of (+)-<i>exo</i>-Brevicomin via Chloroallylboration (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAn Efficient Synthesis of (+)-exo-Brevicomin via ChloroallylborationShaojing Hu, Seetharaman Jayaraman, and Allan C. OehlschlagerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7, 2524–2526Publication Date (Web):March 5, 1999Publication History Received6 August 1998Published online5 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981604chttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981604cbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Cyclization,Inorganic carbon compounds,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Alkyltetronic Acids from 3-Acyltetronic Acids (1992)

Abstract Reductive deoxygenation of 3-acyltetronic acids provides 3-alkyltetronic acids in high yields under mild reaction conditions.
Studies on the Relative Synthesis and Distribution of IgA and IgG1 in Various Tissues and Body Fluids of the Cow (1972)

Abstract In vitro synthesis of bovine IgA was detected by a radioimmunoelectrophoretic assay in 17 of 20 different tissues obtained from cows and 2 of 6 different tissues obtained from a 1-week-old calf. Conclusions drawn from these qualitative studies are supported by the results of preliminary quantitative data. Synthesis of IgA was most pronounced in the adult ileum, duodenum, colon, lungs, lower nasal mucosa, oral pharyngeal mucosa, parotid gland, lacrimal gland and thymus and the calf parotid and lacrimal glands. Correspondingly, IgA, not IgG1, is the principal immunoglobulin in bovine tears and saliva. In comparison to other secretory tissues of the cow and the mammary glands of the rabbit, human and monkey, the bovine mammary gland shows moderate deficiency in the synthesis of IgA. This deficiency is reflected in the fact that IgA does not become the predominant immunoglobulin of normal bovine milk, although an increase in the IgA to IgG1 ratio does occur after parturition. The adult bovine thymus is an immunologically active secretory tissue, but the ileum of the 1-week-old calf appears to lack an IgA-producing system. The concentration of serum IgA is lower than in the human and is greater before calving than after. Most of the IgG1 synthesized in the mammary gland is eluted from Sephadex G-200 before 7S IgG1.
Experience with an object reputation system for peer-to-peer filesharing (2006)

1 Introduction Establishing trust is a fundamental problem in distributedsystems. Peer-to-peer systems, in which service functionality is distributed across clients, eliminate the cen-tralized components that have traditionally functioned as de facto trust brokers, and consequently exacerbate trust-related problems. When peers lack meaningful measures on which to base trust decisions, they end up receivingservices from untrustworthy peers, with e ffects that canrange from wasted resources on mislabeled content to
A First-Order DPA Attack Against AES in Counter Mode with Unknown Initial Counter. (2007)

Abstract. Previous first-order differential power analysis (DPA) attacks have depended on knowledge of the target algorithm’s input or output. This paper describes a first-order DPA attack against AES in counter mode, in which the initial counter and output values are all unknown. Keywords: power analysis, SPA, DPA, HO-DPA, AES, counter mode. 1
Nerve Growth Factor: Structure, Function and Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimers Disease (2003)

Over the past decade, neurotrophic factors have generated much excitement for their potential as therapy for neurological disorders. In this regard, nerve growth factor (NGF), the founding member of the neurotrophin family, has generated great interest as a potential target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This interest is based on the observation that cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons which provide the major source of cholinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus undergo selective and severe degeneration in advanced AD and that these neurons are dependent upon NGF and its receptors for their survival. In fact, NGF transduces its effects by binding two classes of cell surface receptors, TrkA and p75(NTR), both of which are produced by CBF neurons. This review focuses on NGF/receptor binding, signal transduction, regulation of specific cellular endpoints, and the potential use of NGF in AD. Alterations in NGF ligand and receptor expression at different stages of AD are summarized. Recent results suggest that cognitive deficits in early AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are not associated with a cholinergic deficit. Thus, the earliest cognitive deficits in AD may involve brain changes other than simply cholinergic system dysfunction. Recent findings indicate an early defect in NGF receptor expression in CBF neurons; therefore treatments aimed at facilitating NGF actions may prove highly beneficial in counteracting the cholinergic dysfunction found in end-stage AD and attenuating the rate of degeneration of these cholinergic neurons.
Understanding folding and design: Replica-exchange simulations of ``Trp-cage'' miniproteins (2003)

Replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations in implicit solvent have been carried out to study the folding thermodynamics of a designed 20-residue peptide, or "miniprotein." The simulations in this study used the amber (parm94) force field along with the generalized Born/solvent-accessible surface area implicit solvent model, and they spanned a range of temperatures from 273 to 630 K. Starting from a completely extended initial conformation, simulations of one peptide sequence sample conformations that are <1.0 A Calpha rms positional deviation from structures in the corresponding NMR ensemble. These folded states are thermodynamically stable with a simulated melting temperature of approximately 400 K, and they satisfy the majority of experimentally observed NMR restraints. Simulations of a related mutant peptide show a degenerate ensemble of states at low temperature, in agreement with experimental results.