gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Basic Study on the Aero-acoustic Noise Characteristics around a Circular Cylinder using the Large Eddy Simulation (2010)

As a basic study of the aero-acoustic noise, large eddy simulations were carried out for a fixed circular cylinder at Reynolds number(Re=9.0×10⁴) using commercial CFD code, FLUENT. The subgrid-scale turbulent viscosity was modeled by Smagorinsky- Lilly model adapted to structured meshes. The results of LES analysis showed that time-averaged value, C<SUB>D</SUB> was approximately 1.47 which was considerably adjacent with the experimentally measured value of 1.32 in comparison with the results of twoequation turbulent models performed by previous researchers. It was observed that there were the very small acoustic pressure fluctuations with the same frequency of the Karman vortex street. In conclusion, the analysis of LES provided the improved results in the prediction of drag and lift coefficient in addition to acoustic pressure distribution than two other turbulent models.
Compressive Strength of Low‐Porosity Hydrated Portland Cement (1980)

Theoretical considerations and test data indicate that, in the low‐porosity range, the strength of set cement can be better predicted from its W hp *× G c * IP f ratio than from its porosity or gel concentration; in this range ( P f =0.16 to 0.28), therefore, the ratio in question constitutes a more basic and general strength‐determining factor. At advanced stages of hydration, however, the set cement is stronger than can be expected from its W hp *× G c * /P f ratio, apparently due to aging effects.
The thiophene nucleus as a diene or a dienophile in the intramolecular diels alder reaction of N-(2-thienyl)allene carboxamides (1990)

N-(2-Thienyl)allene carboxamides undergo an Intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction, whereby, as a function of the substituents in the allenic ω-position, the thiophene nucleus acts as a diene (two H atoms or two methyl groups) or as a dienophile (two phenyl groups in the allenic ω-position).
Magallanes: a web services discovery and automatic workflow composition tool (2009)

Different implementations of the same client (web page, desktop applications, web services, etc.) have been deployed and are currently in use in real installations such as the National Institute of Bioinformatics (Spain) and the ACGT-EU project. This shows the potential utility and versatility of the software library, including the integration of novel tools in the domain and with strong evidences in the line of facilitate the automatic discovering and composition of workflows.
Photoluminescence up-conversion in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">As</mml:mi></mml:math>heterostructures (1998)

We propose ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ heterostructures as a model system to study the phenomenon of photoluminescence (PL) up-conversion and demonstrate low-temperature up-converted PL (UPL) in these heterostructures. We find that a mechanism to prevent up-converted carriers in the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ layer from thermalizing back to the GaAs layer is essential for efficient UPL. We also find that neither a type-II band alignment nor existence of long-lived intermediate states is an essential requirement of UPL. The results of time-resolved UPL measurements are interpreted within the current models.
Strongly secure ramp secret sharing schemes for general access structures (2005)

Ramp secret sharing (SS) schemes can be classified into strong ramp SS schemes and weak ramp SS schemes. The strong ramp SS schemes do not leak out any part of a secret explicitly even in the case where some information about the secret leaks from a non-qualified set of shares, and hence, they are more desirable than weak ramp SS schemes. However, it is not known how to construct the strong ramp SS schemes in the case of general access structures. In this paper, it is shown that a strong ramp SS scheme can always be constructed from a SS scheme with plural secrets for any feasible general access structure. As a byproduct, it is pointed out that threshold ramp SS schemes based on Shamir's polynomial interpolation method are {\em not} always strong.
Linkage between Digital Down Converter System and Spectrum Sensing Method (2010)

DDC(Digital Down Converter) is a conversion technology to decimate to a lower sampling rate and DDC for the future development of communications technology has the necessary skills. So, it has been recognized in the wireless and the SDR(Software Defined Radio) system as essential components. In addition, research is underway on spectrum sensing for efficient communications environment due to the shortage of frequency resources. In this paper, the DDC systems were analyzed for CIC(Cascaded Integrator Comb) Filter, WDF(Wave Digital Filter), SRC(Sample Rate Conversion) each module. Moreover, we proposed a linkage effectively between DDC system and Spectrum Sensing for improve the efficiency of use of frequency by computer simulations. The simulation results of the DDC system was applied to the spectrum sensing capabilities. Also, performance and complexity of the results were derived and proposed system was the result of the check.
A systematic review of microRNA expression profiling studies in human gastric cancer (2014)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of global cancer mortality. Most GC patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease and show extremely poor prognosis. All of the GC research has a common interest to search for the specific and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of GC. Number of microRNAs play important role in GC. We carried out a systematic review of published miRNA profiling studies that compared the miRNA expression profiles between GC tissues and paired noncancerous gastric tissue. A vote-counting strategy was followed with the collection of information like total number of studies reporting differential expression of miRNA, total number of tissue samples used in the studies, direction of differential expression and fold change. A total of 352 differentially expressed microRNAs were reported in the 14 microRNA expression profiling studies that compared GC tissues with normal tissues with 120 microRNAs reported at least in two studies. In the group of consistently reported microRNAs, miR-21 was reported upregulated in 10 studies followed by miR-25, miR-92, and miR-223 upregulated in eight studies. MiR-375 and miR-148a were found downregulated in six and five studies, respectively, followed by miR-638 in four studies. MiR-107 and miR-103 were reported in nine and eight studies, respectively, but their expression were inconsistent. From this study, the most consistently reported upregulated microRNA was found to be miR-21. This systematic review study of human GC microRNA expression profiling studies would provide information on microRNAs with potential role as the biomarkers in gastric cancer.
Detecting leaks in hydrocarbon storage tanks using electrical resistance tomography (1995)

Large volumes of hydrocarbons are stored worldwide in surface and underground tanks. It is well documented [1] that all too often these tanks are found to leak, resulting in not only a loss of stored inventory but, more importantly, contamination to soil and groundwater. Two field experiments are reported herein to evaluate the utility of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) for detecting and locating leaks as well as delineating any resulting plumes emanating from steel underground storage tanks (UST). Current leak detection methods for single shell tanks require careful inventory monitoring, usually from liquid level sensors within the tank, or placement of chemical sensors in the soil under and around the tank. Liquid level sensors can signal a leak but are limited in sensitivity and, of course, give no information about the location or the leak or the distribution of the resulting plume. External sensors are expensive to retrofit and must be very densely spaced to assure reliable detection, especially in heterogeneous soils. The rational for using subsurface tomography is that it may have none of these shortcomings.
EFFECTS OF INTRADUCTAL PROLACTIN ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE ULTRA-STRUCTURE AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF MAMMARY TISSUE IN THE PSEUDOPREGNANT RABBIT (1971)

SUMMARY A study of the ultrastructure of the secretory epithelial cells of the mammary gland was carried out in virgin oestrous rabbits, pseudopregnant rabbits and pseudopregnant rabbits injected with prolactin to induce lactogenesis. Ultrastructural modifications of the mammary epithelial cells, from inactivity to active secretion after an intraductal injection of prolactin, are described. The changes produced after prolactin injection were characterized by a progressive increase in endoplasmic reticulum and in ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This was evident after 12–24 h. By the 2nd or 3rd day after hormone administration the cells had differentiated into active secretory epithelium. These cells were characterized by large numbers of ribosomes in the cytoplasm; an extensive development of rough endoplasmic reticulum; development of cisternae from the enlarging rough endoplasmic reticulum; hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; and the presence of protein granules in the vacuoles which were particularly abundant in the cytoplasm near the duct lumen. The presence of lipid droplets in the cells was less indicative of an active secretory state since they were also observed in mammary tissue from pseudopregnant rabbits. Biochemical investigation of the response of pseudopregnant mammary tissue to intraductal prolactin showed no significant rapid effects on either casein-like protein or lactose biosynthesis, but increases in both substances were observed on the 3rd day after hormone administration.
A protocol to examine vision and gait in Parkinson’s disease: impact of cognition and response to visual cues (2015)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold> </ns4:p> <ns4:p>Cognitive and visual impairments are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and contribute to gait deficit and falls. To date, cognition and vision in gait in PD have been assessed separately. Impact of both functions (which we term ‘visuo-cognition’) on gait however is likely interactive and can be tested using visual sampling (specifically saccadic eye movements) to provide an online behavioural measure of performance. Although experiments using static paradigms show saccadic impairment in PD, few studies have quantified visual sampling during dynamic motor tasks such as gait.</ns4:p> <ns4:p>This article describes a protocol developed for testing visuo-cognition during gait in order to examine the: 1) independent roles of cognition and vision in gait in PD, 2) interaction between both functions, and 3) role of visuo-cognition in gait in PD.</ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold> </ns4:p> <ns4:p>Two groups of older adults (≥50 years old) were recruited; non-demented people with PD (n=60) and age-matched controls (n=40). Participants attended one session and a sub-group (n=25) attended two further sessions in order to establish mobile eye-tracker reliability. Participants walked in a gait laboratory under different attentional (single and dual task), environmental (walk straight, through a door and turning), and cueing (no visual cues and visual cues) conditions. Visual sampling was recorded using synchronised mobile eye-tracker and electrooculography systems, and gait was measured using 3D motion analysis.</ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Discussion</ns4:bold> </ns4:p> <ns4:p>This exploratory study examined visuo-cognitive processes and their impact on gait in PD. Improved understanding of the influence of cognitive and visual functions on visual sampling during gait and gait in PD will assist in development of interventions to improve gait and reduce falls risk. This study will also help establish robust mobile eye-tracking methods in older adults and people with PD.</ns4:p>
Observation of polarization independent electric field effect in InGaAs/InP tensile strained quantum well and its proposal for optical switch (1992)

We have experimentally observed the polarization independent electric field induced absorption coefficient variation in an InGaAs/InP tensile strained quantum well (QW) structure for the first time. We have also found that the field induced absorption coefficient/refractive index variation of strained QW for the transverse electric (TE) mode does not change appreciably from that of an unstrained one. Based on these results, we propose tensile strained QW for polarization independent optical switch/modulator.
Stress Estimation of Beam Structures Based on 3D Coordinate Information from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (2013)

Terrestrial laser scanner can remotely obtain 3D coordinate data of a structural member without installation of sensors or reflective targets on the structure. In this paper, to overcome the limitation of the conventional measuring system based on strain sensors, relative changes in 3D coordinate data obtained from a laser scanner are used for estimation of the maximum stress in beam structures in a building. The estimated stress from 3D image data was compared with the maximum stress measured directly from electrical strain gages.
Lightweight mobile bandwidth availability measurement (2015)

Mobile data traffic is increasing rapidly and wireless spectrum is becoming a more and more scarce resource. This makes it highly important to operate the mobile network efficiently. In this paper we are proposing a novel lightweight measurement technique that can be used as a basis for advanced resource optimization algorithms to be run on mobile phones. Our main idea leverages an original packet dispersion based, technique to estimate both per user capacity and asymptotic dispersion rate. This allows passive measurements using only existing mobile traffic. Our technique is able to efficiently filter outliers introduced by mobile network schedulers. In order to verify the feasibility of our measurement technique, we run a week-long measurement campaign spanning two cities in two countries, different radio technologies, and covering all times of the day. The campaign demonstrates that our technique is effective even if it is provided only with a small fraction of the exchanged packets of a flow. The only requirement for the input data is that it should consist of a few consecutive packets that are gathered periodically. This makes the measurement algorithm a good candidate for inclusion in OS libraries to allow for advanced resource optimization and application-level traffic scheduling, based on current and predicted future user capacity.
Texts and Techniques (2002)

Shakespeare's playscripts are both immediately enjoyable and endlessly demanding. Their words can occupy so much attention that a reader may not wish to look further, towards the theatrical events in which they were intended to play their part. Add to the words a voice, an actor, and space on stage, an auditorium full of people drawn from various backgrounds, and the day, time, and place for consecutive performance of the entire play and then, clearly, the changes wrought on what the words on the page might communicate will, at first, baffle enquiry. Yet here is the centre of interest for anyone wishing to know how the texts can do their proper work.
Antibody to adhesion molecule LFA-1 enhances plasma neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1995)

We have shown that a monoclonal antibody to the cell surface adhesion molecule LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a) enhances plasma neutralization of a laboratory isolate (HIVMN) and a primary isolate (HIV28R) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Human phytohemagglutinin blasts were infected with HIVMN or HIV28R in the presence of plasma pooled from HIV-positive individuals (AIDS plasma) or immunoglobulin G from AIDS plasma alone or combined with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to LFA-1. While AIDS plasma alone at a dilution of 1:1,250 neutralized HIVMN and HIV28R infection by 15 and 0%, respectively, in the presence of a saturating concentration of the MAb to LFA-1 the plasma neutralized both viruses by more than 80% at this dilution. Immunoglobulin G purified from AIDS plasma, when used in combination with the MAb to LFA-1, showed the same synergistic effect in HIV neutralization as seen with the AIDS plasma and anti-LFA-1. The MAb against LFA-1 partially neutralized both viral isolates (45 to 55%) on its own. These results demonstrate significant synergy between the plasma and antibody against LFA-1 in the neutralization of HIV. The observations therefore suggest an important role for adhesion molecules in HIV infectivity and transmission. The results have implications for the recently observed host effect on HIV susceptibility to antibody neutralization.
The murine BCL6 gene is induced in activated lymphocytes as an immediate early gene. (1995)

The chromosomal translocation involving 3q27 is often detected in human B-cell lymphomas, especially diffuse lymphomas with a large-cell component. The BCL6 gene has been isolated from the chromosomal breakpoint in these lymphomas. Here we cloned the murine BCL6 (mBCL6) cDNA from the muscle cDNA library using the human BCL6 (hBCL6) cDNA as a probe. The predicted amino acid sequence was 95% identical to that of hBCL6. It contains six repeats of the Krüppel-like zinc-finger motif that are completely identical to those of hBCL6, indicating that the BCL6 gene is well conserved between humans and mice. Expression of the mBCL6 gene was ubiquitously detected in adult mouse tissues including lymphatic organs. Furthermore, it was induced in lymphocytes activated with phorbol ester and Ca2+ ionophore within 30 min after stimulation. This induction was not inhibited by treatment of the cells with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. These results suggest that BCL6 plays a role in activated lymphocytes as an immediate early gene.
Time Optimal Load Shedding for Distributed Power Systems (2006)

The formulation and computation of an optimal load shedding time algorithm is presented. This new concept was developed as an enhancement to the application of optimal load shedding for corrective control to support future islanded power systems with anticipated, enhanced communications infrastructure. The methodology combines nonlinear mathematical programming and discretized differential-algebraic power systems equations to estimate the optimal amount of load to be shed as well as the best time to shed it. Several simulated scenarios are studied and results presented.
Variable Resonant Frequency Crystal Systems (1950)

The theory and design of low loss variable resonant frequency crystal systems will be discussed. Comparison of experimental results with the theory will be given for a unit operating over the frequency range 40 to 80 kc. The characteristics of such a unit utilized as an ultrasonic generator for fluid media will be compared with the characteristics of fixed resonant frequency units used as ultrasonic generators.
The anticholinergic biperiden in depressive disorders (1982)

In an open study the cholinolytic biperiden was administered to 10 severely depressed inpatients in an average dose of 12 mg per day for 30 days. Patients were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, the research Diagnostic Criteria and the Newcastle Scale. A significant improvement was demonstrated in the global score of the Hamilton Depression Scale (p less than 0.001). Especially the factors retardation (p less than 0.001) and agitation (p less than 0.001) and the items depressed mood (p less than 0.001), initial insomnia (p less than 0.05), work and interest (p less than 0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (p less than 0.001) could favorably be influenced. Nevertheless, biperiden treatment had to be discontinued after three weeks in two patients because of a paranoid syndrome in one case and symptoms of inner restlessness and disturbances of vital feelings in the other case. There was a positive correlation between the clinical response and the cortisol non-suppressability to dexamethasone prior to the study (p less than 0.03). These results taken together with other findings from the literature suggest that cholinergic mechanisms may have an important impact on the pathogenesis of certain forms of depression.
E.U. Steps Up Effort to Ease Talent Flow (2004)

PARIS—European research commissioner Philippe Busquin is determined to improve the flow of scientists across Europe and attract more talent to the continent. Last week he made it easier for scientists to obtain advice on dealing with Europe's patchwork of languages, immigration laws, and tax, school, and pension systems by linking up more than 200 existing “mobility centers” in 33 countries.
The Facile One Pot Synthesis of 6-Substituted 2(1H)-Quinoxalinones (1985)

Facile one pot synthesis of 6-substituted 2(1H)quinoxalinones and these reaction mechanisms are described.The intramolecular cyclization reaction of 4'-substituted 2'-nitroacetoacetanilides in aqueous basic medium and the reduction of 6-substituted 2(1H)-quinoxalinone-4-oxide with sodium borohydride o r sodium hydrogensulfite were studied in detail.6-Substituted derivatives of P(1H)-quinoxalinones (Ib-f) are known as intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agricultural for instance, Ib-f can be used as intermediates for a new type of selective herbicide^."^Several synthetic methods have been reported for the synthesis of unsubstituted 2(1H)-quinoxalinone (la).5-8 One of the facile and efficient methods is the intramolecular cyclization reaction of 2'-nitroacetoacetanilide (G) followed by reduction of 2(1H)-quinoxalinone-4-oxide (g) to However, an extensive study for the syntheses of ib-f from 2b-f, particularly in one pot reaction, has not been reported.~ennant' has reported that the cyclization reaction of a in aqueous potassium hydroxide affords in low yield together with several by-products.Generally, the cyclization reaction of to & is promoted in basic conditions5 hut the reaction conditions and the mechanism have not been studied in detail.Meanwhile, the reduction of 2 to la bas reported by using of triphenylphasphine, sodium dithionite, hydrogenation in the presence of Pd catalyst or metal reduction with iron or tin in acidic However, the reduction of & by these reagents except triphenylphosphine gave a mixture of and 3,4-dihydro-2(lH)-quinoxalinane (s).