gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct characterization of caffeoyl esters with antihyaluronidase activity in crude extracts from Echinacea angustifolia roots by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. (1993)

Fast atom bombardment (FAB-MS) and fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS) techniques (negative ions) have been successfully applied for identification of the constituents responsible for the antihyaluronidase activity of Echinacea angustifolia roots, whose extracts are widely employed for the adjuvant therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases. Crude extracts from different solvents were tested for antihyaluronidase activity, and those with the greatest inhibitory action (the ethylacetate, butylacetate and chloroform fractions, IC50 0.44, 0.50 e 0.62 mg/ml) were directly analyzed by MS. Full scan mass spectra produced intense molecular anions: collisional activation of these resulted in tandem mass spectra rich in significant product ions. Four main caffeoyl conjugates were detected and identified by tandem mass spectrometry (daughter and parent ion mode): 2,3-O-dicaffeoyltartaric acid (chicoric acid) and 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (cynarine) and 2-O-caffeoyltartaric acid (caffaric acid) in the ethylacetate fraction. Among these caffeoyl conjugates, chicoric and caftaric acids had the greatest antihyaluronidase activity: IC50 = 0.42 and 0.61 mM, while the IC50 of cynarine and chlorogenic acid were 1.85 and 2.25 mM.
Unraveling the complexity of the interactions of DNA nucleotides with gold by single molecule force spectroscopy (2015)

Addressing the effect of different environmental factors on the adsorption of DNA to solid supports is critical for the development of robust miniaturized devices for applications ranging from biosensors to next generation molecular technology. Most of the time, thiol-based chemistry is used to anchor DNA on gold - a substrate commonly used in nanotechnology - and little is known about the direct interaction between DNA and gold. So far there have been no systematic studies on the direct adsorption behavior of the deoxyribonucleotides (i.e., a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group) and on the factors that govern the DNA-gold bond strength. Here, using single molecule force spectroscopy, we investigated the interaction of the four individual nucleotides, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, with gold. Experiments were performed in three salinity conditions and two surface dwell times to reveal the factors that influence nucleotide-Au bond strength. Force data show that, at physiological ionic strength, adenine-Au interactions are stronger, asymmetrical and independent of surface dwell time as compared to cytosine-Au and guanine-Au interactions. We suggest that in these conditions only adenine is able to chemisorb on gold. A decrease of the ionic strength significantly increases the bond strength for all nucleotides. We show that moderate ionic strength along with longer surface dwell period suggest weak chemisorption also for cytosine and guanine.
Scavenger receptors and heat-shock protein-mediated antigen cross-presentation (2004)

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) induce protective cytotoxic immune responses against tumour antigens. This property is related to their ability to bind to and to be internalized by DC (dendritic cells) before gaining access to the MHC class I processing pathway, a process called antigen cross-presentation. This process requires internalization of the antigen by DC via endocytic receptors. Owing to their particular immune properties, several studies were focused on the identification of HSP-binding elements on DC. We and others have reported that scavenger receptors are the main HSP-binding structures on human DC and have identified LOX-1 as one of these molecules. The binding of human Hsp70 to DC and the in vitro Hsp70-mediated antigen cross-presentation are inhibited by an anti-LOX-1 monoclonal antibody. In vivo, targeting LOX-1 with a tumour antigen using an anti-LOX-1 monoclonal antibody induces antitumour immunity. Thus scavenger receptors are certainly new promising targets for cancer immunotherapy.
A neural network model predicting combined separation efficiency of compact axial cyclonic and gravity separator (2009)

The removal of denser phase from the multiphase flow is one of fundamental and challenging task in oil and gas industry. It is because crude oil emerging from the well also contains natural gas, water and some time sand. Each of these needs to be separated out for economics reason before being transported to their destination. The available technology for multiphase separation includes gravity separators, centrifugal separators, filter vane separators and mist eliminators. However these separators are expensive in both operations and purchase. Compact or in line separators are one of suitable alternative because of their low cost, simplicity, easy handling and simple installation. The performance of such a newly designed gas liquid compact centrifugal separator is under study in the department of process and system engineering at Cranfield University UK. While several mechanistic models are available in literature for gravity separator, the neural network has not been used so far to predict the separation efficiency of the compact separator at least according to literature survey done by the author. This work describes an empirical model based on a variant of MLP neural network to predict the separation efficiency of a compact gas liquid separator. This model helps operator to effectively control the multiphase separator rig by predicting the separation efficiency at the changing operating inlet condition.
Syntheses and pharmacological properties of selenium isologs of oxytocin and deaminooxytocin (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and pharmacological properties of selenium isologs of oxytocin and deaminooxytocinRoderich. Walter and Wah-Yip. ChanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 15, 3892–3898Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00991a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00991a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unifying Change - Towards a Framework for Detecting the Unexpected. (2011)

An interesting challenge in data stream mining is the detection of events where events are generally defined as anything previously unknown in the data. Therefore outliers, but also model changes or drifts, can be considered as possible events. Various methods for event detection have been proposed for different types of events. In this paper, we describe a more general framework for event detection. The framework enables generic types of time slots and streaming progress through time to be incorporated. It allows measures of similarity to included between those slots, either based directly on the data, or an abstraction, e.g. a model built on the data. We demonstrate that a large number of existing algorithms fit nicely into this framework by choosing appropriate time slots, progress mechanisms, and similarity functions.
The oligomeric structure of high molecular weight adiponectin (2007)

There is great interest in the structure of adiponectin as its oligomeric state may specify its biological activities. It occurs as a trimer, a hexamer and a high molecular weight complex. Epidemiological data indicate that the high molecular weight form is significant with low serum levels in type 2 diabetics but to date, has not been well-defined. To resolve this issue, characterization of this oligomer from bovine serum and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and gel electrophoresis respectively, was carried out, revealing that it is octadecameric. Further studies by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy established that bovine and possibly mouse high molecular weight adiponectin is C1q-like in structure.
Integrated online localization and navigation for people with visual impairments using smart phones (2012)

Indoor localization and navigation systems for individuals with visual impairments (VI) typically rely upon extensive augmentation of the physical space or heavy, expensive sensors; thus, few systems have been adopted. This work describes a system able to guide people with VI through buildings using inexpensive sensors, such as accelerometers, which are available in portable devices like smart phones. The method takes advantage of feedback from the human user, who confirms the presence of landmarks. The system calculates the user's location in real time and uses it to provide audio instructions on how to reach the desired destination. Previous work suggested that the accuracy of the approach depended on the type of directions and the availability of an appropriate transition model for the user. A critical parameter for the transition model is the user's step length. The current work investigates different schemes for automatically computing the user's step length and reducing the dependency of the approach to the definition of an accurate transition model. Furthermore, the direction provision method is able to use the localization estimate and adapt to failed executions of paths by the users. Experiments are presented that evaluate the accuracy of the overall integrated system, which is executed online on a smart phone. Both people with visual impairments, as well as blindfolded sighted people, participated in the experiments. The experiments included paths along multiple floors, that required the use of stairs and elevators.
Preparation, optimization, and structures of cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) (2004)

The broad applicability of the cross-linking of enzyme aggregates to the effective immobilisation of enzymes is demonstrated and the influence of many parameters on the properties of the resulting CLEAs is determined. The relative simplicity of the operation ideally lends itself to high-throughput methodologies. The aggregation method was improved up to 100% activity yield for any enzyme. For the first time, the physical structures of CLEAs are elucidated.
A New Series Capacitor Protection Scheme Using Nonlinear Resistors (1978)

A new series capacitor protection scheme that limits capacitor overvoltages by inserting a nonlinear resistor in parallel with the capacitor bank during faults is presented. The concept of operation, prototype installationad field test performance evaluation are discussed.
An Interpretation of the Nazi Regime - Ernest Fraenkel: The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941. Pp. xvi, 248. $3.00. (1941)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Predictive closed loop power control for mobile CDMA systems (2002)

In this paper, a predictive closed power control loop for mobile communication systems is simulated employing actual multiuser interference. The system parameters are derived from those used in a CDMA system uplink transmission at urban mobile speeds. It is shown by COSSAP (Communications Simulation and System Analysis Program of CADIS GmbH, Germany) simulations that when the estimates of the received power level are noisy, and the control loop response is inherently delay-limited, predictive lowpass filtering can be applied to improve the received power level estimates and overall system performance. In this paper, comparative bit error rate, relative transmitter power consumption, received power level estimate behavior and power control action simulation results between a predictive and a conventional control scheme are presented.
A survey of bimolecular ion-molecule reactions for use in modeling the chemistry of planetary atmospheres, cometary comae, and interstellar clouds - 1993 supplement (1993)

This is a supplement to a previous paper (Anicich & Huntress 1986). It is a survey of bimolecular positive ion-molecule reactions with potential importance to the chemistry of planetary atmospheres, cometary comae, and interstellar clouds. This supplement covers the literature from 1986 through 1991, with some additional citations missed in the original survey. Over 200 new citations are included. A table of reactions is listed by reactant ion, and cross-references are provided for both ionic and neutral reactants and also for both ionic and neutral products.
Surface Barriers on Zinc Oxide (1970)

The surface barrier systems consisting of gold and palladium on chemically prepared zinc oxide have been investigated in detail. Surface barrier energies have been determined by photoresponse, forward current versus voltage, thermal activation energy, and capacitance-voltage methods. Agreement in barrier energies obtained by the four methods is excellent. The barrier energy for gold is 0.66 eV and for palladium is 0.60 eV. Forward current-voltage characteristics were in quantitative agreement with simple Bethe diode theory as modified by the presence of image force lowering. The reverse current-voltage characteristic is in quantitative agreement with that expected from the simple image force lowering of the barrier, over a bias range of from 0.1 to 3 V. Carrier concentration derived from resistivity and Hall measurements agreed with that obtained from capacitance-voltage measurements. We believe this represents the first comprehensive study where such quantitative consistency has been demonstrated on a compound semiconductor barrier system. Existence of a deep level trap is indicated via the effects on capacitance measurements.
Experimental investigation of cooling effect on photovoltaic panel using phase change material (2011)

Electrical output power performance of the photovoltaic (PV) system can be improved by lowering the panel temperature through passive cooling. This can be achieved by implementing phase change material thermal storage to limit the temperature rise under constant solar incident. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the effect of thermal and electrical performance of PV panels using honeycomb type of slab as thermal storage for absorbing the accumulated heat energy.
Surface-initiated polymerization of conjugated polymers (2011)

In this feature article, we highlight the recent developments in the chain growth polymerization mechanism of conjugated polymers. With a particular emphasis on Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation, this article focuses on the surface-initiated polymerization of conjugated polymers, along with the opportunities and challenges associated with this technique.
Anterior Plate Fixation in Spine Tumor Surgery (1991)

Anterior decompression by vertebrectomy is now well established as the procedure of choice to optimize neurologic recovery in patients with a deficit due to tumor involvement of the vertebral body. Fifteen patients with tumor involvement of the cervical or thoracic spine and neurologic deficit were treated by single-stage anterior decompression and AO plate stabilization. No patient suffered neurologic deterioration after surgery. All patients with thoracic lesions who were unable to walk on presentation and who managed to survive their primary disease improved to a level that allowed independent ambulation with a frame. There were no problems, such as loss of fixation or deformity. It is concluded that standard AO plates provide adequate stabilization of the cervical and thoracic spine after vertebrectomy for tumor involvement.
Plastering - A new approach to automated, 3-D hexahedral mesh generation (1992)

This report describes the progress of the three-dimensional mesh generation research, using plastering, during the 1990 fiscal year. Plastering is a 3-D extension of the two-dimensional paving technique. The objective is to fill an arbitrary volume with hexahedral elements. The plastering algorithm's approach to the problem is to remove rows of elements from the exterior of the volume. Elements are removed, one level at a time, until the volume vanishes. Special closure algorithms may be necessary at the center. The report also discusses the common development environment and software management issues. 13 refs.
Stem cell factor/c-kit system in spermatogenesis (1999)

One of the major unresolved questions with male infertility is the identification of the molecular origin of a great majority of the spermatogenetic arrests currently diagnosed as idiopathic male infertility. During the past years, several families of regulating factors have been implicated in spermatogenesis defects observed essentially in animal models. Among these factors are signalling molecules, and particularly the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit system. The SCF and its receptor c-kit are an appropriate example to illustrate the role of signalling molecules in the physiology and pathology of spermatogenesis. The SCF/c-kit regulates primordial germ cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis during fetal gonadal development. The SCF/c-kit also regulates spermatogonia proliferation in the adult animal. In mutant mice, abnormalities of the SCF/c-kit gene expression, such as gene deletion, point mutation, alternative splicing defect, lead to different types of spermatogenesis alterations (e.g. decrease in primordial germ cell migration, decrease in spermatogonia proliferation). More recently, defects in SCF/c-kit gene expression have also been shown in human testicular dysfunctions. Indeed, a reduction in SCF/c-kit expression has been evidenced in oligozoospermia/azoospermia associated with an increase in the germ cell apoptosis process. In addition, c-kit seems to be a good marker of seminoma testicular tumours. This review reports a large number of data--obtained essentially in animal models--that suggest an important role for the SCF/c-kit system in spermatogenesis and, as a corollary, its potential involvement in spermatogenic defects.
Modifying the Glycosylation Pattern in Actinomycetes by Combinatorial Biosynthesis (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Bioactive Natural Products in Actinomycetes Deoxy Sugar Biosynthesis and Gene Clusters Characterization of Sugar Biosynthesis Enzymes Strategies for the Generation of Novel Glycosylated Derivatives Generation of Glycosylated Derivatives of Bioactive Compounds Acknowledgments References
FBG based optical code en/decoder for long distance transmission without dispersion compensating devices (2004)

We demonstrate the optical code encoder/decoder for long distance transmission by optimising the characteristics of FBGs and designing the FBGs array configuration. Thus we demonstrated the 40 km transmission of 10 Gbit/s signals without dispersion compensating devices.
Cisplatin-induced apoptosis andp53 gene status in a cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line (1996)

Cisplatin-induced apoptosis and p53 gene status were analyzed in human ovarian carcinoma using a parental IGR-OV1 line and a derived cisplatin-resistant IGR-OV1/DDP subline. Compared with parental cells, cisplatin-resistant cells exhibited a 5-fold higher resistance index and a 2-fold longer doubling time. Cisplatin induced apoptosis in both cell lines, as assessed by cell morphology and the presence of a DNA ladder. However, high concentrations were necessary to induce apoptosis in resistant cells. These cells elicited a 5-fold decrease in the number of platinum atoms bound per nucleotide. IGR-OV1/DDP cells also exhibited enhanced drug efflux and a higher glutathione content. Our data suggest that the levels of cisplatin-DNA lesions are critical for drug sensitivity and apoptosis induction in this in vitro ovarian carcinoma model. Comparative analysis of the p53 gene in sensitive and resistant cells revealed the presence of the same heterozygous mutation in exon 5. A 2-fold increase in p53 mRNA and protein amounts was observed in resistant cells as assessed by Northern and Western blots, respectively. Immunocytochemical staining revealed a higher percentage of p53 stained nuclei in resistant cells. RT-PCR analysis of p53 transcripts showed that both wild-type and mutated alleles were transcribed in sensitive as well as in resistant cells. However, mutated transcripts were 1.5-fold more abundant than wild-type transcripts in sensitive cells, whereas they were 2-fold higher in resistant cells. In addition, mdm-2 protein was over-expressed in resistant cells. Our results address the question of the functionality of p53 protein and its possible role in apoptosis induction in this model. In resistant cells, p53 protein might be inactivated by 2 mechanisms: mutation and complexation with mdm-2 protein. Therefore, the presence of non-functional p53 in resistant cells might be involved in the relative failure of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in these cells.
How many photons are needed to reconstruct random objects in coherent X-ray diffractive imaging? (2016)

This paper presents an investigation of the reconstructibility of coherent X-ray diffractive imaging diffraction patterns for a class of binary random `bitmap' objects. Combining analytical results and numerical simulations, the critical fluence per bitmap pixel is determined, for arbitrary contrast values (absorption level and phase shift), both for the optical near- and far-field. This work extends previous investigations based on information theory, enabling a comparison of the amount of information carried by single photons in different diffraction regimes. The experimental results show an order-of-magnitude agreement.
Vapour action of fungicides against powdery mildews (1967)

SUMMARY Certain fungicides prevented the growth of powdery mildews at distances extending several millimetres beyond the edge of localized deposits on leaves. Most of the materials also acted at a distance when separated from the leaf by glass cover‐slips, indicating that the effect was due to the emission of vapour. In addition to sulphur and lime‐sulphur, whose vapour action is already known, fungicides based on drazoxolon, oxythioquinox, binap‐acryl, dinitro‐octyl phenyl crotonates and a phthalimido‐phosphonothionate were found to act in this way. Two systemic fungicides, griseofulvin and triamiphos, did not give a detectable vapour action. Tests were conducted mostly on open glasshouse benches. A draught from a fan shifted the zones of inhibition to one side of the deposits, but did not reduce their areas. Vapour effects were similar in extent on plants maintained at 18–25° C and at 27–32° C. Variation in the areas protected was studied in relation to the size and fungicide content of the deposits, to different powdery mildews, to time of incubation and to different types of formulation. Deposits applied to leaves by high‐ or low‐volume sprays at concentrations used in the field gave significant protection at a distance. Vapour effects were demonstrated also on mildew conidia incubated on glass slides bearing a spot of fungicide, and on infected plants placed in beakers coated on the bottom with fungicide. Movement of fungicides in the gaseous state is discussed in relation to the control of foliage diseases in the field.