gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized techniques of selective harmonic elimination and current control in current source inverters/converters (1995)

This paper presents generalized techniques for realizing PWM patterns which provide selective harmonic elimination and current magnitude modulation (SHEM) for current source inverters/power converters (CSI/C). A combination of chops and short circuit pulses are positioned in such a way that lower order harmonics are eliminated selectively besides current magnitude modulation with minimum switching frequency. Generalized equations and tables which show the relationship of various PWM-SHEM parameters to the position of short circuit pulses and the number of chops per 30/spl deg/ are provided and discussed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on crystallization of high polymers by differential thermal analysis (1963)

Abstract Differential thermal analysis was applied for the investigation of melting and crystallization behavior of high polymers. The heats of fusion of crystalline regions were obtained as follows: 45.6 cal./g. for nylon 6, 46.8 cal./g. for nylon 66, 47.9 cal./g. for nylon 610, 54.1 cal./g. for nylon 11, 58.7 cal./g. for polyoxymethylene, 64.8 cal./g. for high density polyethylene, 15.9 cal./g. for polypropylene, and 35.4 cal./g. for poly(3,3‐bischloromethyl oxacyclobutane). In the course of crystallization, the exothermic peak appears in the temperature range of 20 to 100°C. below the melting point. The effect of melting temperature and molecular weight on the thermograms of crystallization of nylon 6 and polyoxymethylene was discussed and compared with the results obtained by dilatometry. For polymers such as nylon 6 with higher molecular weight and polyoxymethylene, two exothermic peaks of crystallization were observed, and it was found that the peak shape depends on the molecular weight. Nylon 6 containing nucleating agent shows only one exothermic peak independent on the molecular weight. It is presumed that the discontinuity of the growth rate of crystals is responsible for the thermograms having two peaks.
Establishing and protecting digital identity in federation systems (2006)

We develop solutions for the security and privacy of user identity information in a federation. By federation we mean a group of organizations or service providers which have built trust among each other and enable sharing of user identity informatio
Costimulation Blockade of Both Inducible Costimulator and CD40 Ligand Induces Dominant Tolerance to Islet Allografts and Prevents Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes in the NOD Mouse (2006)

Costimulation blockade is a promising strategy for preventing allograft rejection and inducing tolerance. Using a fully allogeneic mouse model, we tested the effectiveness of the combined blockade of the CD40 ligand and the inducible costimulator (ICOS) on islet allograft survival and in the prevention of autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse. Recipients treated with blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ICOS and the CD40 ligand had significant prolongation of graft survival, with 26 of 28 functioning for >200 days. Long-term engrafted mice maintained antidonor proliferative and cytotoxic responses, but donor-specific immunization did not induce graft rejection, and challenge with second, same donor but not third-party grafts resulted in long-term acceptance. The immunohistology of tolerant grafts demonstrated the presence of CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells expressing Foxp3, and islet/kidney composite grafts from tolerant mice, but not from mice lacking lymphocytes, were accepted indefinitely when transplanted into naïve B6 mice, suggesting that recipient T-cells were necessary to generate dominant tolerance. Combined anti-ICOS and anti-CD40 ligand mAb therapy also prevented diabetes in NOD mice, with only 11% of treated recipients developing diabetes compared with 75% of controls. These data demonstrate that the blockade of CD40 ligand and ICOS signaling induces islet allograft tolerance involving a dominant mechanism associated with intragraft regulatory cells and prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.
Noonan Syndrome-associated SHP-2/Ptpn11 Mutants Enhance SIRPα and PZR Tyrosyl Phosphorylation and Promote Adhesion-mediated ERK Activation (2008)

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is associated with multiple developmental abnormalities. Activated mutations of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2/PTPN11, have been reported in approximately 50% of NS cases. Despite being activated, NS-associated SHP-2 mutants require plasma membrane proximity to evoke disease-associated signaling. Here we show that NS-associated SHP-2 mutants induce hypertyrosyl phosphorylation of the transmembrane glycoproteins, SIRPalpha (signal-regulatory protein alpha) and PZR (protein zero-related), resulting in their increased association with NS-associated SHP-2 mutants. NS-associated SHP-2 mutants enhanced SIRPalpha and PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation either by impairing SIRPalpha dephosphorylation or by promoting PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation. Importantly, during embryogenesis in a mouse model of NS, SIRPalpha and PZR were hypertyrosyl-phosphorylated and bound increased levels of the NS-associated SHP-2 mutant. SIRPalpha and PZR have been implicated in extracellular matrix-dependent signaling. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from a mouse model of NS displayed enhanced ERK activation in response to fibronectin plating. Knockdown of SIRPalpha and PZR in these cells attenuated the enhanced activation of ERK following fibronectin plating. Thus, SIRPalpha and PZR serve as scaffolds that facilitate plasma membrane recruitment and signaling of NS-associated SHP-2 mutants.
Phase formation in Ni/InP contacts (1995)

The reaction of Ni films with InP is of technological interest because of the importance of Ni in ohmic contacts to n-type InP. However, numerous discrepancies are found in the literature concerning the Ni/InP reaction. In this study, bulk and thick film diffusion couples are examined in light of the Ni–In–P phase diagram, and many of the apparent discrepancies in the literature are clarified. Segregation of In and P into Ni–In and Ni–P binary phases is found to be an intermediate stage of the reaction, which is most easily observed in the reaction of thicker Ni layers with InP substrates. However, the Ni2InP ternary phase is found in the final stage of the reaction of Ni films on InP substrates, as predicted by the phase diagram. This sequence of phase formation differs dramatically from that observed in the other Ni/III–V systems that have been examined, and these differences are discussed.
The evolution of wave correlations in uniformly turbulent, weakly non-linear systems (1967)

A formalism is developed describing the time evolution of wave correlations in a uniformly turbulent ensemble of weakly non-linear systems. The statistics are built into the formalism a priori . With closure (of the hierarchy of equations for wave correlations) appropriate to the inclusion of resonant three-wave interactions, a (non-linear) kinetic equation for the two-wave correlations is derived and various properties of this equation are discussed. The effects of both bilinear and trilinear non-linearities are considered. Modifications of the formalism in situations where there is a weak (linear) instability γ к , (γ к /ω к ≪ 1) are also considered.
112-Gb/s monolithic PDM-QPSK modulator in silicon (2012)

We present a monolithic dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulator based on a silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC). This PIC consists of four high-speed silicon modulators, a polarization rotator, and a polarization beam combiner. A 112-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) QPSK modulation is successfully demonstrated.
Catalytic Synthesis of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid from Furoic Acid: Transformation from C5 Platform to C6 Derivatives in Biomass Utilizations (2017)

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA), a renewable alternative to p-phthalic acid, is the most promising subproduct from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, HMF is currently synthesized from mono- and polysaccharides like glucose and fructose with limited volume, which apparently blocks the utilization of 2,5-FDCA to replace p-phthalic acid in the polymer industry. Here, we presented a novel route to 2,5-FDCA originating from C5-based furfural which is industrially produced from bulky raw biomaterials, and is not competitive with food for humans. The starting chemical of this synthesis is furoic acid which is currently produced from furfural. Furoic acid can be feasibly transformed to 2,5-FDCA through consecutive bromination, esterification, carbonylation, and hydrolysis with 65% total yield in four steps and above 80% isolated yield in each step. In particular, the key step, palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of ethyl 5-bromo-furan-2-carboxylate, retains 90% isolated yield in the scale-up synthesis. The route introduced here has offered a promising opportunity to access HMF products from furfural derivatives with a large market; meanwhile it offers one of the key C1 resources, that is, CO, a promising utilization in industry.
Compact miniaturized antenna for 210 MHz RFID (2008)

A miniaturized antenna consisting of a square-ring monopole and a tapered ground plane has been designed and analyzed at around 210 MHz. Simulated results indicate that a 13 dB improvement in impedance matching can be achieved by placing an identical parasitic antenna element directly underneath the active one. The miniaturized antenna, with overall dimensions of approximately one tenth of a wavelength (0.1λ), can be used for RFID or sensor applications.
A highly efficient and secure shared key for direct communications based on quantum channel (2015)

The reported research in literature for message transformation by a third party does not provide the necessary efficiency and security against different attacks. The data transmitted through the computer network must be confidential and authenticated in advance. In this paper, we develop and improve security of the braided single stage quantum cryptography. This improvement is based on a novel authentication algorithm by using signature verification without using the three stages protocol to share the secret key between the sender and receiver. This approach will work against attacks such as replay and man-in-the-middle by increasing the security as well as the over efficiency, reducing the overhead through using three stages and increasing the speed of the communication between two parties.
Inhibitor‐2 functions like a chaperone to fold three expressed isoforms of mammalian protein phosphatase‐1 into a conformation with the specificity and regulatory properties of the native enzyme (1993)

Three isoforms of mammalian protein phosphatase-1 (PP1 alpha, PP1 beta and PP1 gamma) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. The activities of all isoforms towards phosphorylase, phosphorylase kinase and myosin and their sensitivities to inhibitor-2 were similar to the native PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1C) isolated from vertebrate tissues. Like PP1C, they each formed a complex with the glycogen-targetting(G) subunit which directs PP1C to glycogen particles in skeletal muscle. However, other properties differed strikingly from native PP1C. The expressed isoforms were 100-600-fold less sensitive to inhibitor-1, 3-5-fold less sensitive to okadaic acid, 5-100-fold less sensitive to microcystin-LR and approximately 20-fold more active in dephosphorylating histone H1 than native PP1C. Although PP1 gamma (like PP1C) was active in the absence of Mn2+, expressed PP1 alpha and PP1 beta were completely dependent on Mn2+ for activity. PP1 beta, like PP1C, interacted with the myofibrillar-targetting(M) complexes from skeletal-muscle and smooth-muscle producing species with enhanced myosin-phosphatase activity, whereas expressed PP1 alpha and PP1 gamma did not. The expressed isoforms of PP1 combined with inhibitor-2 to form an inactive complex (PP1I) that could be reactivated by the glycogen-synthase-kinase-3(GSK3)-catalysed phosphorylation of inhibitor-2. This procedure transformed the properties of all three expressed isoforms to those of native PP1C. Their sensitivities to inhibitor-1, okadaic acid and microcystin-LR were increased greatly, their histone-phosphatase activities decreased and the activities of PP1 alpha and PP1 beta became independent of Mn2+. Furthermore PP1 alpha and PP1 gamma now interacted with the M complexes in a similar manner to PP1 beta and PP1C. Conversely, incubation of native PP1C with 50 mM NaF caused conversion to a Mn(2+)-dependent form with properties similar to those of the expressed isozymes. The G subunit from skeletal muscle or the M complex from smooth muscle could displace PP1C from activated PP1I, but not inactive PP1I, to form G-subunit/PP1C and M-complex/PP1C heterodimeric complexes. Inhibitor-2 was also found to be essential for the reactivation of PP1C from 6 M guanidinium chloride in the absence of Mn2+. Taken together, the results suggest that inhibitor-2 is critical for the correct folding of nascent PP1C polypeptides, that its function is similar to that of a molecular chaperone and that it acts as a cytosolic reservoir of PP1C molecules which can be directed to the required subcellular locations following the synthesis of specific targetting subunits.
Art and Indiana Libraries (2007)

The library has always been a place for me to discover art. Simple, bright, exquisite\ndrawings adorned the stacks of books I\ncarried home as a young child. Our public\nlibrary had framed art prints available to\ncheck out. My bedroom walls were a rotating art gallery thanks to the public library. Exhibit cases introduced me to beauty from around the world. My world (of a county seat town of 25,000 people) was expanded because of the library, and because of the role of art in the library. My college library continued to support the role of art in my life. I was a Fine Arts major, and my senior class art exhibit was set up on display in the college library. Reading, studying and\nenjoying art books continues in my life, and I am glad for art libraries, and art librarians.
The Reaction between Triarylmethyl Halides and Phenylmagnesium Bromide. III. 9-Phenylxanthyl Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction between Triarylmethyl Halides and Phenylmagnesium Bromide. III. 9-Phenylxanthyl Chloride1C. S. Schoepfle and J. H. TruesdailCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 2, 372–377Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01281a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01281a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the formulation and<i>in vitro</i>release of ophthalmic liposomes containing dexamethasone sodium phosphate (1996)

Several liposome formulations containing Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate (DSP) were characterised in this study. For this purpose, phospholipids (gel and liquid types) and charge inducers, with or without cholesterol, were employed as bilayer components. Liquid state (PL 100:SA and PL 100:SA:CHOL) and gel state (PL 90H:SA and PL 90H:SA:CHOL) liposomes were prepared in molar ratios of (7:1:2), (10:1:4), (7:1) and (10:1). The film technique followed by sonication and membrane extrusion were used for the preparation of DSP liposomes. Particle size and particle-size distribution of MLVs, entrapment efficiency, free DSP (in supernatant) and, phospholipid content were determined for the characterization of the liposomes. The characterized liposomes were investigated for in-vitro release and different profiles were observed. The in-vitro release rates were evaluated kinetically and the best fitting equation was found to be the Higuchi equation.
구속전단된 2024 Al 합금에서 변형량에 따른 미세조직 변화 (2006)

2024 Al alloy was severely deformed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to obtain an ultra-fine grain structure. The relationship between the grain size and deformation amount was investigated by high resolution TEM. The shape of S` phase was observed to identify the effect of severe plastic deformation. As the deformation amount increased, the grain size decreased, but after 1 pass, the decrease of grain size was small. The grain structure was changed from irregular into equiaxed. After 6 pass, the grain size of the specimen was about 100 nm, and the size of S` phases was about 10 nm. The morphology of S` phases was changed to spherical from rod-type by severe plastic deformation.
Monitoring Drug-Induced γH2AX as a Pharmacodynamic Biomarker in Individual Circulating Tumor Cells (2010)

These data show promise for monitoring dynamic changes in nuclear biomarkers in CTCs (in addition to CTC count) for rapidly assessing drug activity in clinical trials of molecularly targeted anticancer therapeutics as well as for translational research.
The Acidic Repetitive Domain of the <i>Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense</i> MamJ Protein Displays Hypervariability but Is Not Required for Magnetosome Chain Assembly (2007)

Magnetotactic bacteria navigate along the earth's magnetic field using chains of magnetosomes, which are intracellular organelles comprising membrane-enclosed magnetite crystals. The assembly of highly ordered magnetosome chains is under genetic control and involves several specific proteins. Based on genetic and cryo-electron tomography studies, a model was recently proposed in which the acidic MamJ magnetosome protein attaches magnetosome vesicles to the actin-like cytoskeletal filament formed by MamK, thereby preventing magnetosome chains from collapsing. However, the exact functions as well as the mode of interaction between MamK and MamJ are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that several functional MamJ variants from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and other magnetotactic bacteria share an acidic and repetitive central domain, which displays an unusual intra- and interspecies sequence polymorphism, probably caused by homologous recombination between identical copies of Glu- and Pro-rich repeats. Surprisingly, mamJ mutant alleles in which the central domain was deleted retained their potential to restore chain formation in a DeltamamJ mutant, suggesting that the acidic domain is not essential for MamJ's function. Results of two-hybrid experiments indicate that MamJ physically interacts with MamK, and two distinct sequence regions within MamJ were shown to be involved in binding to MamK. Mutant variants of MamJ lacking either of the binding domains were unable to functionally complement the DeltamamJ mutant. In addition, two-hybrid experiments suggest both MamK-binding domains of MamJ confer oligomerization of MamJ. In summary, our data reveal domains required for the functions of the MamJ protein in chain assembly and maintenance and provide the first experimental indications for a direct interaction between MamJ and the cytoskeletal filament protein MamK.
Linear statistics for zeros of Riemann's zeta function (2002)

We consider a smooth counting function of the scaled zeros of the Riemann zeta function, around height T . We show that the first few moments tend to the Gaussian moments, with the exact number depending on the statistic considered.
Flax: New Uses and Demands (2002)

Flax (Linum vistatissimum L., Linaceae) and certain perennial species has been used in food in Europe and Asia since 5000–8000 BCE, and the fiber of flax stem has been used for linen cloth, and many other uses. Approximately 200 species of Linum (flaxseed or linseed) are known (Carter 1993). Flax was first brought to North America for its stem fiber to use in making of linen and paper. The stem fiber of flax makes a fine parchment paper. In the Northern Great Plains region of the United States and Canada, flaxseed has been grown as a commercial oilseed crop for over 100 years. Linseed oil is pressed from flaxseed and further extracted with a petroleum solvent. Industrial linseed is not useable for food or feed, although the linseed meal remaining as a by-product after oil extraction is used for animal feed rations. Use is increasing for flaxseed as a food. Approximately 2,340,000 bu [60,000 tonnes (t)] of flaxseed are used for food annually in Germany (Prentice 1990). Although cold-pressed flaxseed oil is not considered suitable for frying at high temperatures, flaxseed oil is used for low-temperature stir-frying in hundreds of villages in the flax-growing region of the People’s Republic of China (Pan 1990). CROP AREA AND PRODUCTION
Fast and fair mutual exclusion for shared memory systems (2003)

Two fast mutual exclusion algorithms using read-modify-write and atomic read/write registers are presented. The first one uses both compare&swap and fetch&store; the second uses only fetch&store. Fetch&store are more commonly available than compare&swap. It is impossible to obtain better algorithms if "time" is measured by counting remote memory references. We were able to maintain the same level of performance with or without the support of compare&swap. However, fairness is degraded from 1-bounded bypass to lockout freedom without the support.
Sex Steroid Ablation Enhances Immune Reconstitution Following Cytotoxic Antineoplastic Therapy in Young Mice (2010)

Cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is used to treat malignant disease but results in long-term immunosuppression in postpubertal and adult individuals, leading to increased incidence and severity of opportunistic infections. We have previously shown that sex steroid ablation (SSA) reverses immunodeficiencies associated with age and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in both autologous and allogeneic settings. In this study, we have assessed the effects of SSA by surgical castration on T cell recovery of young male mice following cyclophosphamide treatment as a model for the impact of chemotherapy. SSA increased thymic cellularity, involving all of the thymocyte subsets and early T lineage progenitors. It also induced early repair of damage to the thymic stromal microenvironment, which is crucial to the recovery of a fully functional T cell-based immune system. These functional changes in thymic stromal subsets included enhanced production of growth factors and chemokines important for thymopoiesis, which preceded increases in both thymocyte and stromal cellularity. These effects collectively translated to an increase in peripheral and splenic naive T cells. In conclusion, SSA enhances T cell recovery following cyclophosphamide treatment of mice, at the level of the thymocytes and their stromal niches. This provides a new approach to immune reconstitution following antineoplastic therapy.