gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery to Macrophages of Interleukin 3 Loaded in Mouse Erythrocytes (2000)

Mouse carrier erythrocytes containing 125I-interleukin 3 have been prepared and treated with band 3 crosslinking reagents. The incorporation of interleukin 3 by hypotonic treatment into mouse erythrocytes reached levels of about 15% of the interleukin 3 added to the medium being predominantly present in the cytosolic fraction (73%). Uptake fell to about 7.4% when using the same conditions but omitting hypotonic shock. The interaction of band 3 crosslinked interleukin 3 loaded erythrocytes with macrophages was also studied. A high level of incorporation of interleukin 3 into macrophages was observed either from band 3 crosslinked, interleukin 3-loaded erythrocytes or from interleukin 3 loaded erythrocytes. The observations encourage the view that the system may be able to deliver and target cytokines and other growth factors to macrophages.
Thermodynamics of Cationic Lipid Binding to DNA and DNA Condensation:  Roles of Electrostatics and Hydrophobicity (2002)

Alkylammonium binding to DNA was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry. Experimental data, obtained as functions of alkyl chain length, salt concentration, DNA concentration, and temperature, provided a detailed thermodynamic description of lipid-DNA binding reactions leading to DNA condensation. Lipid binding, counterion displacement, and DNA condensation were highly cooperative processes, driven by a large increase in entropy and opposed by a relatively small endothermic enthalpy at room temperature. Large negative heat capacity change indicated a contribution from hydrophobic interactions between aliphatic tails. An approximation of lipid-DNA binding as dominated by two factors-ionic and hydrophobic interactions-yielded a model that was consistent with experimental data. Chemical group contributions to the energetics of binding were determined and could be used to predict energetics of other lipid binding to DNA. Electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity could be distinguished by applying additivity principles. Binding of lipids with two, three, and four aliphatic tails was investigated and compared to single-tailed lipid binding. Structurally, the model suggests that lipid cationic headgroups and aliphatic tails distribute evenly and lay down on DNA surface without the formation of micelles.
Quantifying a Fused Deposition Modeling System's Dimensional Performance Through Its Addressability (2015)

As additive manufacturing becomes widely adopted for prototyping and part manufacturing, the need for controlling quality becomes crucial for this technology to continue its development in the manufacturing industry. Many studies over the last decade have been conducted to find suitable means to gauge and improve accuracy and performance for additive manufacturing systems. Prior research has experimented with benchmark tests, printer calibration, standardized test targets, and performance optimization based on critical printer parameters to find solutions to this problem.\nThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of printer parameters on dimensional accuracy through the most fundamental element of the printer, its addressability. The experiment utilized a simple test target comprised of raised lines that was the smallest line addressable for this analysis. Defined by the design of experiment, the factors investigated were: cooling fan speed (1500 RPM and 5100 RPM levels, nozzle temperature (175º C and 200º C levels), and platen temperature (45º C and 70º C levels). Test targets comprising of eight combinations of these factors and levels were printed and replicated.\nThe sixteen test targets were three-dimensional imaged with an optical microscope for data collection. Five cross-sectional profiles were sampled from each test target in order to record line heights and widths of the printed parts for analysis. After careful data extraction and coding, 720 meaningful data points were used within an Analysis of Variance test for the response variables. The results showed platen temperature and cooling fan speed had an influence on the ΔH response variable. Both factors had low p-values of 0.010 and 0.058 respectively which means the null hypothesis can be rejected. As for the response variable ΔWa, the nozzle temperature, and cooling fan speed had an influence. Both factors had low p-values of 0.000 and 0.023 respectively which means the null hypothesis can be rejected.\nThis research found these parameters to be significant when operating a fused deposition modeling system and will impact the part being produced. Therefore, this work expands upon previous parametric studies and demonstrates to the additive manufacturing industry the importance of characterizing the operating temperatures and cooling fan speeds of their systems. This study shows certain fan speeds and temperatures affect dimensional accuracy and certain values will produce fewer deviations in the part’s dimensions. The researcher believes this work will help others in the additive manufacturing industry optimize their fused deposition systems and future research can be conducted to further expand this line of experimentation.
The Blockchain for Domain Based Static Sharding (2018)

Blockchain is the shared distributed ledger to record the history of transactions. In blockchain network, nodes validate the transactions and reach the consensus on the ordered transactions. The more transactions are happened, the more processing powers of nodes are needed. Shard is introduced to blockchain for processing the multiple transactions in parallel. In this paper, we propose the blockchain for a domain based static sharding. We split a blockchain into multiple shards based on the domain. In each shard, nodes validate the multiple transactions concurrently and keep the shard's ledger separately. With this, it can be processing of low-latency transaction. Also, by changing the composition of committee members that validate blocks dynamically, we can enable the blockchain to be more trust.
Analysis of a Symmetric Terahertz Dielectric-Lined Rectangular Structure for High Gradient Acceleration (2009)

We study, using computational methods based on analytic theory as well as a PIC code, the wakefields set up in a seven‐zone symmetric rectangular THZ structure, and find that for overall transverse x/y dimensions 2.121 mm×0.6 mm, two 5‐GeV drive bunches (3 nC, with x/y/z dimensions 0.3/0.3/0.12 mm3 as available at SLAC) will set up an axial wakefield ∼350 MV/m in the witness channel, with a transformer ratio ∼18–20. The symmetry of the structure ensures not only that small transverse forces are imposed on the witness bunch, but also that the two components of transverse force are equal and opposite at the bunch location so as to enable dynamical stabilization in an accelerator comprising many modules. Transverse forces on the drive bunch tails may allow bunches to move ∼0.5–1 m without suffering excessive erosion.
N,N'-Carbonyldiimidazole, a New Peptide Forming Reagent<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN,N'-Carbonyldiimidazole, a New Peptide Forming Reagent1Rolf Paul and George W. AndersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4596–4600Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01502a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5529Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel enzyme, citryl‐CoA lyase, catalysing the second step of the citrate cleavage reaction in <i>Hydrogenobacter thermophilus</i> TK‐6 (2004)

A novel enzyme catalysing citryl-CoA cleavage to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate was purified from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6, and designated citryl-CoA lyase (CCL). The citrate cleavage reaction in this organism proceeded by a unique set of two consecutive reactions: (i). citryl-CoA formation by citryl-CoA synthetase (CCS) and (ii). citryl-CoA cleavage by CCL. Purified CCL gave a single 30 kDa band in SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography indicated that the native state of the enzyme exists as a trimer (alpha(3)). Citryl-CoA lyase showed low citrate synthase (CS) activity. Using an oligonucleotide probe, the corresponding gene was cloned and sequenced. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant CCL was also purified. The CCL protein sequence showed similarity to the C-terminal regions of ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and CS sequences in the database. By further sequence comparisons, the phylogenetic relationship between CCS, CCL, ACL and CS was investigated.
10-mJ few-cycle chirped pulse parametric amplification at 1.5 μm (2008)

We report on a 4-stage OPCPA for high-field applications delivering 10-mJ 40-fs pulses at 1.5 μm. The system is based on a fusion of a femtosecond DPSSL Yb technology and a picosecond Nd:YAG pump laser
Predicting Cardiopulmonary Response to Incremental Exercise Test (2015)

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a non-invasive method widely used to monitor various physiological signals, describing the cardiac and respiratory response of the patient to increasing workload. Since this method is physically very demanding, innovative data analysis techniques are needed to predict patient response thus lowering body stress and avoiding cardiopulmonary overload. This paper proposes the Cardiopulmonary Response Prediction (CRP) framework for early predicting the physiological signal values that can be reached during an incremental exercise test. The learning phase creates different models tailored to specific conditions (i.e., single-test and multiple-test models). Each model can be exploited in the real-time stream prediction phase to periodically predict, during the test execution, signal values achievable by the patient. Experimental results on a real dataset showed that CRP prediction is performed with a limited and acceptable error.
Sheet metal products: Database in support of their process planning and surface development (1998)

This article proposed a method of basic product pattern to establish a system database for sheet metal design and development specifically for thin sheet metal products. A systematic database covering the basic product pattern commonly used by the industry may be built. Such a database can simplify the design process of sheet metal products, and also accomplish automatic and accurate development to obtain the development length and illustration. As for the design of sheet metal products, this article emphasizes the concept of 'design for development'. As a result, the data of the product not only presents the geometric graphic data of the product, but also contains development information and development rules to form a complete data model. The user can obtain product data through the search and transformation function of the exchange interface developed by the system, and also obtain the accurate development length and drawing by means of the development programme. The system model for designing the basic product pattern of sheet metal uses the boundary representatioan method (B-Rep). The object-oriented programme is employed to establish a system module programme for designing and developing basic product pattern features. This system uses a personal computer as the hardware equipment under the AutoCAD environment.
30-mW 690-nm high-power strained-quantum-well AlGaInP laser (1993)

A high-power 690-nm AlGaInP laser for use in a high-density rewritable-optical-disk memory system is presented. The deterioration of its temperature characteristics, which results from the high-power-oriented laser structure, is improved by using compressively strained GaInP quantum wells as the active layer. Output power of 40 mW is achieved up to 80 degrees C. Stable fundamental-transverse-mode operation is obtained up to 50 mW. Output-power-induced facet degradation is suppressed by an Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ facet coating. The lasers operate stably at 30 mW at 50 degrees C for over 2600 h. The mean extrapolated lifetime is 10000 h.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (2020)

Summary Background The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus. The antibody response in infected patient remains largely unknown, and the clinical values of antibody testing have not been fully demonstrated. Methods A total of 173 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Their serial plasma samples (n = 535) collected during the hospitalization period were tested for total antibodies (Ab), IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoassays. The dynamics of antibodies with the progress and severity of disease was analyzed. Results Among 173 patients, the seroconversion rate for Ab, IgM and IgG was 93.1% (161/173), 82.7% (143/173) and 64.7% (112/173), respectively. Twelve patients who had not seroconverted were those only blood samples at the early stage of illness were collected. The seroconversion sequentially appeared for Ab, IgM and then IgG, with a median time of 11, 12 and 14 days, respectively. The presence of antibodies was < 40% among patients in the first 7 days of illness, and then rapidly increased to 100.0%, 94.3% and 79.8% for Ab, IgM and IgG respectively since day 15 after onset. In contrast, the positive rate of RNA decreased from 66.7% (58/87) in samples collected before day 7 to 45.5% (25/55) during days 15 to 39. Combining RNA and antibody detections significantly improved the sensitivity of pathogenic diagnosis for COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001), even in early phase of 1-week since onset (p = 0.007). Moreover, a higher titer of Ab was independently associated with a worse clinical classification (p = 0.006). Conclusions The antibody detection offers vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.
Immunosuppressive effects of tautomycetin<i>in vivo</i>and<i>in vitro</i>via T cell-specific apoptosis induction (2002)

Tautomycetin (TMC) was identified as an immunosuppressor of activated T cells. Inhibition of T cell proliferation with TMC was observed at concentrations 100-fold lower than those needed to achieve maximal inhibition with cyclosporin A (CsA). TMC specifically blocked tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signal mediators downstream of Src tyrosine kinases in a T cell-specific manner, leading to apoptosis due to cleavage of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, but not caspase-1. In TMC-treated rats that received a heterotopic cardiac allograft, the graft survived more than 160 days, comparable to graft survival in allografted rats treated with CsA. Thus, TMC, whose mechanism of action is different from that of CsA or FK506, can be used as a potent T cell-specific immunosuppressor.
Multimedia Flow Transmission Policies for Collaborative Platform based on SOAP (2005)

Continuous media transmissions on collaborative platforms distributed over Internet introduces constraints like heterogeneity and security. It is why we propose a version of our cooperative application framework (CAliF), called CAliF Web, based on Web-services. SOAP has been chosen to transmit discrete flows because of its total integration to Web technologies. Nevertheless, performances of this middleware are not well-known for continuous flow transmissions. Video transmission tests we realized prove that three possible configurations for continuous media flow transmissions allow an efficient transmission of real-time data over the platform. The first one is based on RTSP which is the most efficient. But the disadvantage of this solution is that RTSP packets may be stopped by security policies over the Web. That is the reason why an HTTP streaming configuration is available too. Nevertheless, HTTP streaming does not include required mechanisms for regulation. SOAP offers solutions for streaming, called SOAP DIME. Since this configuration is based on SOAP over HTTP, chunks transmitted may not be stopped by most of security policies over Internet. It allows a better supervision for the whole platform. Tests we performed show that a regulation strategy has to be implemented too with this last configuration.
Highly Potent and Selective Inhibition of Varicella-Zoster Virus by Bicyclic Furopyrimidine Nucleosides Bearing an Aryl Side Chain (2000)

In addition to our recent report on the potent anti-varicella-zoster virus (VZV) activity of some unusual bicyclic furopyrimidine nucleosides bearing long alkyl side chains, we herein report the further significant enhancement of the antiviral potency by inclusion of a phenyl group in the side chain of these compounds. The target structures were prepared by the Pd-catalyzed coupling of a series of para-substituted arylacetylenes with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, to give intermediate 5-alkynyl nucleosides which were cyclized in the presence of Cu to give the desired bicyclic systems. The compounds display extraordinary potency and selectivity for VZV; the most active are ca. 10 000 times more potent than the reference compound acyclovir and ca. 100 times more potent than the alkyl analogues earlier reported by us. The current compounds show little cytotoxicity, leading to selectivity index values >/= 1 000 000. From a range of DNA and RNA viruses tested, only VZV was inhibited by these compounds indicating their extreme selectivity for this target virus. The novelty of the molecules, coupled with their extreme potency and selectivity, their desirable physicochemical properties, and their relative ease of synthesis, makes them of considerable interest for potential drug development for VZV infections.
Activated Macrophages in Preeclampsia (1993)

Summary Neopterin (serum. urine) and other markers of macrophage activation (lL-1 IL-6, TNF alpha) were compared in preeclamptic patients and healthy pregnant controls. The prepartal urine neopterin median in preeclampsia (337 μmol/mol creat.) was 33% higher than that of healthy pregnant controls (253 μmol/mol creat.). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.08). In plasma there were no statistically significant differences in cytokine concentrations between healthy pregnant and nonpregnant controls with the exception of neopterin. that showed higher values in pregnant women (p = O.OO4). Elevated levels of IL-6. TNF-alpha and neopterin were observed in hypertensive women. Differences to healthy pregnant controls were statistically significant for IL-6 (p = 0.008). TNF-alpha (p = 0.009) and neopterin (p=0.04) and were more pronounced in severe forms of the disease. These three parameters of monocytic origin showed positive significant correlations amongst each other. A participation of macrophages in the pathomechanism of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can thus be assumed.
gem-Dialkyl effect in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 2-furfuryl methyl fumarates: the reactive rotamer effect, the enthalpic basis for acceleration, and evidence for a polar transition state (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTgem-Dialkyl effect in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 2-furfuryl methyl fumarates: the reactive rotamer effect, the enthalpic basis for acceleration, and evidence for a polar transition stateMichael E. Jung and Jacquelyn GervayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1, 224–232Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00001a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00001a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2405Altmetric-Citations236LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Experimental alpha-chymotrypsin model of glaucoma in the rabbit: histopathological studies (author's transl)]. (1979)

The injection of alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the eye is known to produce an experimental ocular hypertension of long duration in animals. The present study reports the pathological changes which occur in the eye during the first nine months after the ocular injection of alpha-chymotrypsin in rabbits. Six weeks after treatment most of the eyes showed a buphthalmia and an intraocular pressure elevation which varied greatly from animal to animal. The anterior chamber angle of the treated eyes showed a progressive enlargement. Several days after the enzyme injection a transient increase in thickness of the cornea and Descemet membrane was noted. Cupping of the optic disc, characterized by a total disappearance of the optic nerve head fibers and an excavation beginning at margins of the retina appeared after four months and in most cases were present seven months after the treatment. More or less prominent retinal degeneration was also evidenced three months after enzyme injection. The results indicate alpha-chymotrypsin-induced occular hypertension in the rabbit leads after several months to pathological change in the eye analogous to that observed in human glaucoma.
A novel unit cell and analysis for epsilon negative metamaterial (2011)

A novel unit cell and analysis are presented for a metamaterial with effective negative permittivity. The structure consists of two disks connected by a central post, and the analytic approach directly provides the electromagnetic field coupling to the resonant structure. By using Ampere's circuital law in the development, the electromagnetic field effects are directly coupled to the resonant behavior of the structure. In this, the theoretical approach does not depend upon plasma resonance. The proposed structure is shown to exhibit resonant behavior with negative permittivity in a frequency band near resonance. As predicted, electromagnetic field simulations show inversion of the electric field as the frequency crosses resonance.