gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MprF protein is required for lysinylation of phospholipids in listerial membranes and confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) on <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2006)

Pathogenic bacteria have to cope with defence mechanisms mediated by adaptive and innate immunity of the host cells. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent one of the most effective components of the host innate immune response. Here we establish the function of Lmo1695, a member of the VirR-dependent virulence regulon, recently identified in Listeria monocytogenes. Lmo1695 encodes a membrane protein of 98 kDa with strong homology to the multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) of Staphylococcus aureus. Like staphylococcal MprF, we found that Lmo1695 is involved in the synthesis of the membrane phospholipid lysylphosphatidylglycerol (L-PG). In addition, Lmo1695 is also essential for lysinylation of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), another phospholipid widely distributed in bacterial membranes. A Deltalmo1695 mutant lacking the lysinylated phospholipids was particularly susceptible to CAMPs of human and bacterial origin. The mutant strain infected both epithelial cells and macrophages only poorly and was attenuated for virulence when tested in a mouse model of infection. Lmo1695 is a member of a growing list of survival factors which enable growth of L. monocytogenes in different environments.
Short communication: Refinement of genetic regions associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis tissue infection and tolerance to Johne's disease (2011)

Johne's disease is a highly transmissible bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The objective of this study was to refine the locus associated with MAP tissue infection and the locus associated with tolerance to Johne's disease. Using a genome-wide association analysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with MAP tissue infection and tolerance to Johne's disease on Bos taurus autosome (BTA)3 and BTA15, respectively, have previously been identified. A 235-kb region on BTA3 was evaluated with 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and a 193-kb region on BTA15 was evaluated with 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a group of 209 Holstein cows. Using a single marker association analysis and haplotype tests, we refined a region of 10.6 kb on BTA3 as being associated with MAP tissue infection and a region of 6.5 kb on BTA15 as being associated with tolerance to Johne's disease.
Formation of high density lipoprotein2-like particles during lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins in vitro. (1978)

The effects of lipolysis of human plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) on the structure and composition of high density lipoproteins (HDL) have been investigated. Lipolysis was performed in a controlled system in vitro containing VLDL (d less than 1.006 g/ml) and HDL3 (d = 1.125-1.210 g/ml) from human plasma and lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) purified from bovine milk. Lipolysis of VLDL caused profound changes in HDL3. Protein, phospholipid, and cholesterol liberated from VLDL during its lipolysis were transferred to the HDL3 particles. As a consequence of this in vitro transfer, the chemical composition and biophysical properties of HDL3 were substantially altered. The newly formed particles exhibited a flotation rate (F01.20) of 6.7 and a hydrated density of 1.110 g/ml. The chemical composition closely resembled that of native HDL2, and their size was slightly larger than that of the precursor HDL3. When HDL3 and postlipolysis HDL2 were subjected to ultracentrifugation under flotation velocity and equilibrium conditions, both proved to be stable particles. These results, when extrapolated to in vivo conditions, suggest an important metabolic relationship between the levels of circulating VLDL and HDL2 in plasma. This relationship now permits a reasonable explanation for numerous in vivo observations in which the levels of VLDL and HDL2 change reciprocally.
The Synergists Action of Piperonyl Butoxide on Toxicity of Certain Insecticides Applied Against Helopeltis Theivora Waterhouse (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Dooars Tea Plantations of North Bengal, India (2009)

The Synergists Action of Piperonyl Butoxide on Toxicity of Certain Insecticides Applied Against Helopeltis Theivora Waterhouse ( Heteroptera: Miridae ) in the Dooars Tea Plantations of North Bengal, India Higher efficacy of mixture of insecticides with synergists piperonyl butoxide (PB) was reported in controlling in the Dooars population of Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse. Therefore, the use of synergists as one of the countermeasures against the insecticide resistance problem of H. theivora is recommended. The combination of deltamethrin +PB (piperonyl butoxide), quinalphos +PB and imidacloprid +PB showed 44.60, 16.01 and 11.14 folds increase of toxicity (synergistic ratio) than the respective insecticide alone. Piperonyl butoxide acted as an oxidase inhibitor. The addition of PB to some extent suppressed the resistance of H. theivora to these insecticides, suggesting that the P450 enzyme complex may be involved in the mechanism of toxicity.
X-ray phase contrast imaging of soft tissue specimens (2011)

In the presented work, we investigated the potential capabilities of contrast improvement in soft tissue achieved by x-ray phase contrast imaging. The Talbot-Lau interferometer method was implemented by means of x-ray diffraction gratings. Tomographic measurements were performed on prepared samples containing specimens of different kinds of soft animal tissue. The results showed that phase contrast can provide additional and complementary visualization of soft tissue structures that are invisible to conventional, attenuation contrast x-ray imaging. As an example, the results obtained from the tomography of a bovine artery show that whereas the fat and connective tissue present around the artery can be seen with both absorption and phase contrast, the artery itself can only be recognized in the phase contrast image. Moreover, the situation is even more complicated for specimens containing not only soft tissue but also stronger absorbers such as bones or cartilage. Indeed, the strongly absorbing bones also lead to the scattering of the x-ray beam (due to their dense micro-structure), which results in a loss of the phase information. However, this issue relaxes when higher x-ray energies are used. Measurements of specimens (containing bones and soft tissue) were demonstrated with the set-up optimized for a mean x-ray energy of 50keV.
Predicting cerebral ischemic infarct volume with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging. (2003)

Diffusion and hemodynamic images are sensitive and specific for detecting acute infarction. DW imaging and CBV best predict final infarct volume. DW-CBV mismatch predicts lesion growth into the CBV abnormality. CBF and MTT help identify additional tissue with altered perfusion but have lower correlation with final volume.
Wireless Stimulus-Reflex Detection for Neonatal Monitoring (2007)

The author describe a micro-power wireless monitor device with stimulus motors and motion-sensing accelerometer for neonatal monitoring. The novelty of our approach is using a vibrator to stimulate an involuntary reflex response and using an accelerometer to sense that motion. Since the reflex response is involuntary, it operates regardless of the patient's arousal state. We performed a preliminary trial using a prototype foot-worn monitor to invoke the Babinski reflex in a 3-month-old infant. We observed a reliable correlation between the vibrator stimulus and acceleration. There was an order of magnitude difference in detected movement with and without the stimulus. This paper is the first step toward using reflex detection for remote monitoring. We also detail the construction, electronics, embedded software, and power-saving methods for the monitor device.
Opportunistic Government or Sustaining Reform? Electoral Trends and Public-Expenditure Patterns in Peru, 1990-1995 (1998)

Consensus is growing about the fundamental principles underlying economic policy reforms. In addition, a series of recent comparative studies have increased scholarly understanding of the political conditions necessary for launching such reforms. Yet understanding of the factors that make reforms sustainable over the longer term is far less developed. A wide-ranging and unresolved debate continues over the roles played by institutions, politicians, interest groups, and the popular sectors. The influence of such groups tends to be marginal during the initial implementation of policies, a process involving an insulated group of technocrats. As the reforms proceed, the opposition of different societal groups to specific policies may have some impact but is less critical to the success or failure of the adjustment program than overall economic performance (see Geddes 1995). The primary strength of these groups is retrospective and collective: they can vote reforming governments out of office. Elections—and therefore voter behavior—are critical in sustaining economic reforms over the long term. Voters can reverse economic reform programs, and at times they do. Yet they also can play a major role in making programs more sustainable by legitimating their continuation at the ballot box.
Analysis of Signal Transduction Pathways in Human Eosinophils Activated by Chemoattractants and the T-Helper 2–Derived Cytokines Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 (1998)

Activation and recruitment of eosinophils in allergic inflammation is in part mediated by chemoattractants and T-helper 2 (Th2)-derived cytokines. However, little is known concerning the signal transduction mechanisms by which this activation occurs. We have investigated tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and compared this with the activation of the p21ras-ERK signaling pathway in human eosinophils. The related cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), all induced PI3K activity detected in antiphosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates. Furthermore, the chemoattractants platelet-activating factor (PAF), RANTES, and C5a were also able to induce phosphotyrosine-associated PI3K activity. Protein kinase B (PKB) is a downstream target of PI3K activation by growth factors. Induction of PKB phosphorylation in human eosinophils was transiently induced on activation with the cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, as well as the chemoattractants PAF, C5a, and RANTES showing a broad activation profile. Surprisingly, analysis of the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases p44(ERK1) and p42(ERK2), showed that ERK2, but not ERK1, was transiently activated in human eosinophils after stimulation with IL-5 or PAF. Activation kinetics correlated with activation of p21ras by both cytokines and chemoattractants as measured by a novel assay for guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-loading. Finally, using specific inhibitors of both the p21ras-ERK and PI3K signaling pathways, a role was demonstrated for PI3K, but not p21ras-ERK, in activation of the serum-treated zymosan (STZ)-mediated respiratory burst in IL-5 and PAF-primed eosinophils. In summary, these data show that in human eosinophils, Th2-derived cytokines differentially activate both PI3K and MAP kinase signal transduction pathways with distinct functional consequences showing complex regulation of eosinophil effector functions.
The <i>Drosophila</i> Homolog of Mammalian Zinc Finger Factor MTF-1 Activates Transcription in Response to Heavy Metals (2001)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are short, cysteine-rich proteins for heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification; they bind a variety of heavy metals and also act as radical scavengers. Transcription of mammalian MT genes is activated by heavy metal load via the metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), an essential zinc finger protein whose elimination in mice leads to embryonic lethality due to liver decay. Here we characterize the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate MTF-1 (dMTF-1), a 791-amino-acid protein which is most similar to its mammalian counterpart in the DNA-binding zinc finger region. Like mammalian MTF-1, dMTF-1 binds to conserved metal-responsive promoter elements (MREs) and requires zinc for DNA binding, yet some aspects of heavy metal regulation have also been subject to divergent evolution between Drosophila and mammals. dMTF-1, unlike mammalian MTF-1, is resistant to low pH (6 to 6.5). Furthermore, mammalian MT genes are activated best by zinc and cadmium, whereas in Drosophila cells, cadmium and copper are more potent inducers than zinc. The latter species difference is most likely due to aspects of heavy metal metabolism other than MTF-1, since in transfected mammalian cells, dMTF-1 responds to zinc like mammalian MTF-1. Heavy metal induction of both Drosophila MTs is abolished by double-stranded RNA interference: small amounts of cotransfected double-stranded RNA of dMTF-1 but not of unrelated control RNA inhibit the response to both the endogenous dMTF-1 and transfected dMTF-1. These data underline an important role for dMTF-1 in MT gene regulation and thus heavy metal homeostasis.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Constitutional Isomers of 2,6-Dihydroxynaphthalene Carbaldehydes. Effects of Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonding on the Electronic Absorption Spectra (2008)

We prepared and characterized a series of mono- and dicarbaldehydes of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene that bear potential resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB) unit(s). X-ray crystal structures of selected compounds revealed that each salicylaldehyde moiety forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond and that the introduction of formyl groups into either the α- or β-position causes a considerable difference in geometry, which was interpretative from a conventional scheme of resonance hybrids including ionic state. Analyses on NMR chemical shifts suggested that the compounds in solution are present as an equilibrium mixture between closed and open forms with respect to RAHB units. Ab initio calculations indicated that the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond strikingly influences the aromaticity of the individual local six-membered ring of naphthalene. The trend of the change in aromaticity was analyzed in connection with the extra stabilization energy of RAHB. In the UV−vis spectra, the β-formyl derivatives specifically showed a substantial red shift compared to α-formyl derivatives. The absorption features were successfully reproduced by TD-DFT calculation, and those data were consistently explained from the effects of RAHB on electronic state of the naphthalene’s π-system. Finally, we pointed out a similarity in the electronic state between RAHB-bearing molecules and cata-condensed aromatic hydrocarbons.
Bifacial CIGS (11% efficiency)/Si solar cells by Cd-free and sodium-free green process integrated with CIGS TFTs (2011)

CuInGaSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) thin-film has successfully grown at low temperature 400°C for bifacial solar cells and TFTs without degrading the silicon solar cell on the other side. The efficiency of CIGS solar cells reached 6.3% and 11% at 400 and 500°C, respectively, by sodium-free and Cd-free (n-type ZnS buffer layer used) green technologies. Texturing technique has been introduced here on Si not only to relieve the sodium-free impact on CIGS-crystallization but also to enhance the adhesion between CIGS solar cells and underneath substrate. CIGS TFTs are reported first time and revealed a record-high hole-mobility of 0.22 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s. Hybrid CIGS solar cells/TFTs are uniformly formed on 6" wafers, simultaneously powered with silicon solar cells.
Automatic generation of optimized DSP assembly code (2002)

This paper describes a data flow graph compiler for the analog devices fixed-point DSP family ADSP-210x. In the first step, the graphs are transformed into constrained expression trees. Next, optimized straight-line code is generated based on the trellis tree concept. Scheduling, register allocation, and instruction selection amount to looking for minimal weighted paths in trellis trees. In the final compaction step, instruction level parallelism is exploited by combining two or more instructions into one. Experimental results show that highly optimized instruction code can be produced within a very short compilation time.
Application of Computer-Based Experimental Design to Optimization of Processing Conditions for Perfluorocarbon Emulsion (1992)

Response surface methodology was applied during process optimization of a parenteral emulsion formulation containing perfluorocarbon (PFC). E-Chip, a computer software program, was used to design and analyze the optimization experiments. The levels of eight process variables of interest were varied: pre-emulsification temperature and mixing time, mixer speed, generator type, rate of PFC addition, homogenization temperature, pressure and number of passes. Dependent variables evaluated included emulsion median diameter, viscosity and percent unemulsified PFC. A predictive model describing the relationship between the dependent and process variables was developed. Median diameter of the emulsion was affected significantly by homogenization temperature and pressure, and marginally by the rate of addition of the PFC. Viscosity was not influenced by any of the process variables. Percent unemulsified PFC was slightly influenced by the number of homogenization passes. The model was then used to set optimum process conditions.
Microbicides for HIV prevention: reality or hope? (2009)

Drug development is an inherently high-risk activity and many promising candidates are discarded due to safety issues or lack of efficacy. Lessons learned over the last two decades have helped to improve the microbicide development pathway and provide hope that it will be possible to develop a safe and effective microbicide for HIV prevention.
Participation of the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus in the Response of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion to Immobilization Stress: Opposing Roles of the Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Systems (1987)

Bilateral lesions of the amygdaloid central nucleus (ACE) significantly diminished the secretion of ACTH in response to immobilization stress. Stress is associated with increased noradrenergic activity in the ACE and in the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas. In comparison with intact stressed animals, lesion of the ACE reduced the noradrenergic activity in response to stress within the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These results support the hypothesis of a stimulatory role for the noradrenergic system in the ACE on ACTH secretion. Stress decreased dopaminergic activity in the ACE, the cortical nucleus of the amygdala, the dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus and the ventral tegmental area. In comparison with intact stressed rats, lesion of the ACE reduced dopaminergic activity in the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas. Our results support the hypothesis of an inhibitory role of the dopaminergic system, particularly in the ACE, on ACTH secretion. This study also indicates that, in the control of ACTH secretion in response to immobilization stress, the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems act in opposition to one another in certain brain structures such as the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas and the ACE.
Stereoselective Photoredox-Catalyzed Chlorotrifluoromethylation of Alkynes: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes (2017)

A new photoredox-catalyzed chlorotrifluoromethylation reaction of internal arylalkynes under mild conditions using visible light has been developed. The reactions proceed with high levels of regio- and stereoselectivity and utilize commercially available CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>Cl as both the CF<sub>3</sub> and Cl source. In the mechanistic pathway for this process, generation of the CF<sub>3</sub> radical and chloride ion occurs by Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>-photocatalyzed reductive decomposition of CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>Cl. The synthetically important trifluoromethyl-substituted vinyl chlorides produced in this process can be readily transformed to 1,1-bis-arylalkenes by using Suzuki coupling.
An improved droop controller for grid-connected voltage source inverter in microgrid (2010)

This paper addresses the low-frequency relative stability problem of the grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI) based distributed generation (DG) unit in microgrid, in which the conventional active power-frequency (P-ω) and reactive power-voltage (Q-E) droop controllers are commonly used to share the loads. In the sense of the characteristic equation and eigenvalues, the relative stability and the transient response are remarkably affected by the change of the droop gains and/or stable operating points, resulting in the poor damping and eventually instability. An improved P-ω and Q-E droop scheme based on the static droop characteristics combined with a derivative term is presented to preserve the system stability and obtain an improved damping performance. Subsequently, the dynamic performance of the system can be adjusted without affecting the static droop gains to damp the oscillatory modes of the power sharing controllers. Finally, the desired transient and steady-state responses can be obtained.
Calprotectin in Cerebrospinal Fluid of the HIV Infected: A Diagnostic Marker of Opportunistic Central Nervous System Infection? (1991)

The calprotectin level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 HIV positive patients with symptoms from the central nervous system (CNS) was measured. All 5 patients with opportunistic infections had levels above the reference range and all 10 patients with HIV associated encephalopathy had levels within the reference range. Thus, the calprotectin level in CSF can be of diagnostic value in differentiating between HIV associated encephalopathy and opportunistic infection in the HIV positive patient with symptoms from the CNS.
Analytical Applications of Polarimetry, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, and Circular Dichroism (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical Applications of Polarimetry, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, and Circular DichroismNeil Purdie and Kathy A. SwallowsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 2, 77A–89APublication Date (Print):January 15, 1989Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 15 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00177a714https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00177a714research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shock Reduction Using Antitachycardia Pacing for Spontaneous Rapid Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

FVT (CL<320 ms) is common in ICD patients. ATP can terminate 3 of 4 of these episodes with a low incidence of acceleration and syncope. ATP for FVT may safely reduce the morbidity of painful shocks.