gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functions of EpCAM in physiological processes and diseases (Review) (2018)

EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, which was originally identified as a tumor‑associated antigen due to its high expression level in rapidly growing epithelial tumors. Germ line mutations of the human EpCAM gene have been indicated as the cause of congenital tufting enteropathy. Previous studies based on cell models have revealed that EpCAM contributes to various biological processes including cell adhesion, signaling, migration and proliferation. Due to the previous lack of genetic animal models, the in vivo functions of EpCAM remain largely unknown. However, EpCAM genetic animal models have recently been generated, and are useful for understanding the functions of EpCAM. The authors here briefly review the functions and mechanisms of EpCAM in physiological processes and different diseases.
Active notes (2007)

Modern knowledge workers utilize digital computing platforms to create and consume digital media as part of their daily routines, using tools such as: Email, Messaging (SMS, IM), Audio podcasts, imaging, etc. As mobility is central in nature for mobile workers, the mobile computing platforms such as smart phones play an important role to consume and capture information into digital media. There are several available technology enablers in current mobile devices which help creation of Text, Audio, Video, Images and PIM application data, such as contacts, calendar events etc. These enablers are typically independent set of applications to help utilize different media types in different applications such as note taking tools.
Clinical Data Mining: a Review (2009)

Clinical data mining respects its commitment to extracting new and previously unknown knowledge from clinical databases. More efforts are still needed to obtain a wider acceptance from the healthcare professionals and for generalization of the knowledge and reproducibility of its extraction process: better description of variables, systematic report of algorithm parameters including the method to obtain them, use of easy-to-understand models and comparisons of the efficiency of clinical data mining with traditional statistical analyses. More and more data will be available for data miners and they have to develop new methodologies and infrastructures to analyze the increasingly complex medical data.
Fluorinated‐plasma modification of polyetherimide films (2006)

Abstract Ultem 1000 polyetherimide films prepared by cast‐evaporating technique were covered with a 1 H ,1 H ,2 H ‐tridecafluoro‐oct‐1‐ene (PFO) plasma‐polymerized layer. The effects of the plasma exposure time on the surface composition were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface energy analysis. The surface topography of the plasma layer was deduced from scanning electron microscopy. The F/C ratio for plasma‐polymerized PFO under the input RF power of 50 W can be as high as 1.30 for 480 s and ∼0.4–2 at % of oxygen was detected, resulting from the reaction of long‐lived radicals in the plasma polymer with atmospheric oxygen. The plasma deposition of fluorocarbon coating from plasma PFO reduces the surface energy from 46 to 18.3 mJ m −2 . © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3579–3588, 2006
Sensory Entrainment Mechanisms in Auditory Perception: Neural Synchronization Cortico-Striatal Activation (2016)

The auditory system displays modulations in sensitivity that can align with the temporal structure of the acoustic environment. This sensory entrainment can facilitate sensory perception and is particularly relevant for audition. Systems neuroscience is slowly uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying the behaviorally observed sensory entrainment effects in the human sensory system. The present article summarizes the prominent behavioral effects of sensory entrainment and reviews our current understanding of the neural basis of sensory entrainment, such as synchronized neural oscillations, and potentially, neural activation in the cortico-striatal system.
A Review about Regulatory Status and Recent Patents of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals (2018)

Pharmaceutical Co-crystals are not new, they have gained much attention since the last decade among scientists and pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical co-crystals are multicomponent systems composed of two or more molecules and held together by non-covalent interactions. The development of pharmaceutical co-crystals, a new solid crystalline form, offer superior physico-chemical properties (such as melting point, stability, solubility, permeability, bioavailability, taste masking, etc.) without altering the pharmacological properties. Recently, with the upsurge in the growth of Pharmaceutical co-crystals, the major concern is over the regulatory status of co-crystals. With the new guidelines from United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), the status has become even more complicated due to significantly different opinions. This review highlights whether co-crystals fulfil the requirements for the grant of a patent or not and how cocrystals are going to affect the present scenario of pharmaceuticals.
Automated Region of Interest Retrieval of Metallographic Images for Quality Classification in Industry (2012)

The aim of the research is development and testing of new methods to classify the quality of metallographic samples of steels with high added value (for example grades X70 according API). In this paper, we address the development of methods to classify the quality of slab samples images with the main emphasis on the quality of the image center called as segregation area. For this reason, we introduce an alternative method for automated retrieval of region of interest. In the first step, the metallographic image is segmented using both spectral method and thresholding. Then, the extracted macrostructure of the metallographic image is automatically analyzed by statistical methods. Finally, automatically extracted region of interests are compared with results of human experts. Practical experience with retrieval of non-homogeneous noised digital images in industrial environment is discussed as well.
Hall Effect Sensors Design, Integration and Behavior Analysis (2013)

The present paper focuses on various aspects regarding Hall Effect sensors’ design, integration, and behavior analysis. In order to assess their performance, different Hall Effect geometries were tested for Hall voltage, sensitivity, offset, and temperature drift. The residual offset was measured both with an automated measurement setup and by manual switching of the individual phases. To predict Hall sensors performance prior to integration, three-dimensional physical simulations were performed.
Privacy policies change management for smartphones (2012)

The ever increasing popularity of apps stems from their ability to provide highly customized services for the user. The flip side is that to provide such customized services, apps need access to very sensitive personal user information. This has led to a lot of rogue apps that e.g. pass personal information to 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> party Ad servers in the background. Studies have shown that current app vetting processes which are mainly restricted to install time verification mechanisms are incapable of detecting and preventing such attacks. We argue that the missing fundamental aspect here is the inability to capture and control runtime characteristics of apps, e.g. we need to know not only the list of sensors that need to be accessed by an app but also their frequency of access. This leads to the need for an expressive policy language that in addition to the list of sensors, also allows specifying when, where and how frequently can they be accessed. An expressive policy language has the disadvantage of making the task of an average user more difficult in setting and analyzing the consequences of his privacy settings. Further, privacy polices evolve over time. Over time, users are likely to change their privacy settings, as a response to a recently discovered vulnerability, or to be able to install that “much desired” app, etc. Such a policy change affects both already installed (may no longer be compliant) and previously rejected apps (may be compliant now). In this paper, we propose an integrated privacy add-on that (i) compares the apps profiles vs. user's privacy settings, outlining the points of conflict as well as the different ways in which they can be resolved. And (ii) provides efficient change management with respect to any changes in user privacy settings.
Fungicidal effect of three new synthetic cationic peptides against <i>Candida albicans</i> (2004)

Objective: Peptide antibiotics are considered a new class of antifungal agents. Of these, an α ‐helical, cationic peptide termed Dhvar 4, a relative of salivary histatin has been shown to be an antifungal of relatively high potency. Similarly, lactoferricin B (LFB) and a derivative thereof, LFB(17–30), disrupts the fungal cell membrane and acts against Candida albicans . As Dhvar 4 and LFB(17–30), exhibit almost identical amino acid sequences at their C‐terminal, we hypothesized that laboratory synthesis of peptides with an α ‐helical structure and having similar amphipathic properties could lead to products with candidacidal activity. Hence, three such peptides – JH8194, JH8195 and JH 8944, were synthesized and their antifungal properties compared with recognized antifungals LFB, LFB(17–30), human lactoferricin (LFH), Histatin‐5 and Dhvar 4, against two isolates of C. albicans. Materials and methods: The antifungal agents were synthesized and their secondary structures evaluated according to a previously described protocol of Situ and Bobek (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44 : 1485–1493. The C. albicans strains were oral isolates from a human immunodeficiency virus‐infected (isolate A2) and a healthy (A6) individual. A standard concentration of yeasts was exposed to a range of dilutions of the agents for a specific duration and the cell death (viability) in terms of the resultant colony forming units ml −1 was quantified. Results: Dhvar 4, showed the most α ‐helical propensity, and was the least fungicidal while LFB and LFB(17–30) showed the highest antifungal potential, and demonstrated total kill of A6, and A2 at 5 and 10 μ M concentrations, respectively whilst LFH killed both isolates at a l0 μ M concentration. Of the three new synthetic peptides, JH 8194 was the most potent (total kill of A6/A2 strains at 1.25/2.5 μ M), followed by JH 8195 (total kill of A6/A2 strains at 5/10 μ M while JH 8944 was the least potent as a 25 μ M concentration was required to kill either strain of Candida . On further analyses of the relationship between pI value of the peptides and their anticandicidal activity, a significant positive correlation was noted. In order to rule out a cytotoxic effect of the new synthetic peptides we compared the fungicidal and hemolytic activities under similar incubation conditions using freshly isolated erythrocytes and all three peptides exhibited no detectable hemolysis upto an concentration of 100 μ M in contrast to the polyene antifungal amphotericin B that elicited significant initiation of hemolysis at a concentration of 5.0 μ M. Conclusion: Our data suggest that laboratory synthesis of agents with an α ‐helical structure and having amphipathic properties similar to known, natural antifungal agents may be a promising avenue to generate products with improved antifungal activity.
Ceramics in surgery (1971)

Abstract A study has been made of the ceramic‐epoxy composite “Cerosium.” Experiments were conducted to evaluate the tissue reaction to such material and the extent of bonding established between ceramic and the tissues in which it was implanted. It was found that this material was well tolerated by the body and obtained definite fixation within the tissues when implanted into both bone and tendon. This occurred, however, not by the active infiltration of tissue but by fibrous encapsulation and it is recommended that for more meaningful stabilization, material of larger pore size is required. When Cerosium was implanted into the knee joints of rabbits, it was found to be unsuitable for intra‐articular use because of the abrasive effect on the opposing cartilage and bone surfaces and the susceptibility of the material itself to abrasive wear. Furthermore, a full mechanical evaluation of standard specimens of Cerosium showed it to be degraded within the body due to a breakdown of the impregnating polymer. Ceramic‐epoxy composites require a strong matrix and a totally stable impregnating material. While mechanically suited to replacing weight bearing surfaces, a smooth surface glaze is essential to avoid abrasive effects upon the opposing bone surface. Further investigation is required before these materials can be fully accepted into the armamentarium of the implant surgeon.
Spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast: the hyper-recombinational rem1 mutations are alleles of the RAD3 gene. (1988)

The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for UV excision-repair and is essential for cell viability. We have identified the rem1 mutations (enhanced spontaneous mitotic recombination and mutation) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as alleles of RAD3 by genetic mapping, complementation with the cloned wild-type gene, and DNA hybridization. The high levels of spontaneous mitotic gene conversion, crossing over, and mutation conferred upon cells by the rem1 mutations are distinct from the effects of all other alleles of RAD3. We present preliminary data on the localization of the rem1 mutations within the RAD3 gene. The interaction of the rem1 mutant alleles with a number of radiation-sensitive mutations is also different than the interactions reported for previously described (UV-sensitive) alleles of RAD3. Double mutants of rem1 and a defect in the recombination-repair pathway are inviable, while double mutants containing UV-sensitive alleles of RAD3 are viable. The data presented here demonstrate that: (1) rem1 strains containing additional mutations in other excision-repair genes do not exhibit elevated gene conversion; (2) triple mutants containing rem1 and mutations in both excision-repair and recombination-repair are viable; (3) such triple mutants containing rad52 have reduced levels of gene conversion but wild-type frequencies of crossing over. We have interpreted these observations in a model to explain the effects of rem1. Consistent with the predictions of the model, we find that the size of DNA from rem1 strains, as measured by neutral sucrose gradients, is smaller than wild type.
Cost-Benefit Estimation of Cadaveric Kidney Transplantation, the Case of a Developing Country (2010)

In this paper we estimate cost savings for the health-care system and quality of life improvement for patients from an increase in the number of kidney transplants in Chile. To do so, we compare the present value of dialysis and transplantation costs and quality of life in a 20-year horizon. We used Markov models and, in addition, introduce some degree of uncertainty in the value of some of the parameters that build up the model and, using Montecarlo simulations, estimate confidence intervals for our results. Our estimates suggest that an additional kidney transplant has an expected savings value of US$ 28,000 for the health-care system. If quality of life improvement is also considered, expected savings rise to US$ 102,000. These results imply that, increasing donation rate by one donor per million people would turn into an estimated cost saving of US$ 827,000 per year, or near US$ 3 million per year if the effect in the quality of life is considered. These results demonstrate that kidney transplants, along with a better quality of life for patients are a cost saving decision in developing countries.
Application of Impedance Spectroscopy for On-Line Monitoring of Solder Paste (1993)

The technique of impedance spectroscopy is suggested for industrial monitoring of solder paste in the surface mount assembly process. Being an on-line implementable technique, it has the potential of giving valuable insight to the manufacturing characteristics of solder paste and can facilitate application of statistical process control methods. This exploratory study evaluates impedance spectroscopy as a monitoring tool and focuses on key topics which can lead to the creation of on-line standards for solder paste. The presented technique is supported by experimental results and statistical analysis.
SARM1 activation triggers axon degeneration locally via NAD <sup>+</sup> destruction (2015)

Axon degeneration is an intrinsic self-destruction program that underlies axon loss during injury and disease. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1) protein is an essential mediator of axon degeneration. We report that SARM1 initiates a local destruction program involving rapid breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) after injury. We used an engineered protease-sensitized SARM1 to demonstrate that SARM1 activity is required after axon injury to induce axon degeneration. Dimerization of the Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of SARM1 alone was sufficient to induce locally mediated axon degeneration. Formation of the SARM1 TIR dimer triggered rapid breakdown of NAD(+), whereas SARM1-induced axon destruction could be counteracted by increased NAD(+) synthesis. SARM1-induced depletion of NAD(+) may explain the potent axon protection in Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld(s)) mutant mice.
T.S.S. Olympia, Dinner Menu, Wednesday, November 6, 1963 (1963)

Greek Line, T.S.S. Olympia. West Indies and South America Cruise. Dinner menu, Wednesday, November 6, 1963.
Acute renal failure and metabolic disturbances in the short bowel syndrome (2002)

Patients with SBS are at high risk of renal failure. Prevention of this complication requires close monitoring and the maintenance of sodium homeostasis through increased intake and measures to reduce loss (e.g. anti-motility agents and large bowel re-anastomosis), and calcium, magnesium and vitamin D supplementation.
Development of a Low-Cost Fuel Injection System for Use on Small Utility Engines (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development and preliminary results of a low cost electronic fuel injection (EFI) system for one and two cylinder 4-cycle gasoline engines is described. The feasibility of reducing system cost by minimizing the number of sensors is explored. The objective is to use only the following signals to determine the operational state of the engine:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Magneto Voltage Signal (Speed/Load)</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine Temperature</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Lambda Exhaust Gas Oxygen (Optional)</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Another objective in the on-going development is to maintain the performance enhancements that EFI offers over carbureted engines: cold starting, fuel economy, and reduced emissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Special focus is applied to the creation and analysis of a load signal that is related to the torque produced by the engine. Constrained by certain conditions, the load signal is related to the air charge entering the cylinder. The load signal, along with the engine speed signal, provides a basis for a fueling look-up table. The fuel table gives the engine manufacturer greater freedom in tailoring the air/ fuel ratio (A/F) at different operating points.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A description is given for how load is calculated from the periodic speed fluctuations between the power revolution and non-power revolution. The algorithms and required signal processing are described to achieve an accurate measure of this signal. A high-pass filter is used on the speed samples to reduce noise before the calculation of the load signal.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Issues pertaining to throttle transitions, application load transitions, application inertia effects and inertia compensation are described.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel delivery system cost reduction is discussed in future work.</div>
Double-Stranded RNA Induces an Antiviral Defense Status in Epidermal Keratinocytes through TLR3-, PKR-, and MDA5/RIG-I-Mediated Differential Signaling (2008)

Emerging evidence suggests an important role for human epidermal keratinocytes in innate immune mechanisms against bacterial and viral skin infections. The proinflammatory effect of viral infections can be mimicked by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Herein, we demonstrate that keratinocytes express all known dsRNA sensing receptors at a constitutive and inducible level, and that they use several downstream signaling pathways leading to a broad pattern of gene expression, not only proinflammatory and immune response genes under the control of NF-kappaB, but also genes under transcriptional control of IRF3. As a consequence, dsRNA, a stimulus for TLR3, protein kinase R (PKR), and the RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and MDA5, induces a status of antiviral defense in keratinocytes. Using inhibitors for the various dsRNA signaling pathways and specific small interfering RNA for TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5, we demonstrated that in human keratinocytes, TLR3 seems to be necessary for NF-kappaB but not for IRF3 activation, whereas RIG-I and MDA5 are crucial for IRF3 activation. PKR is essential for the dsRNA response in both signaling pathways and thus represents the central antiviral receptor for dsRNA stimulation. Moreover, human keratinocytes up-regulate TLR7, the receptor for single-stranded RNA, in response to stimulation with dsRNA, which renders keratinocytes functionally responsive to the TLR7 agonist gardiquimod, a member of the imidazoquinoline antiviral immune response modifier family. Thus, in addition to building a physical barrier against infectious pathogens, keratinocytes are specially equipped with a full antiviral defense program that enables them to efficiently target viral infections of the skin.
Prenylated Rab Acceptor Protein Is a Receptor for Prenylated Small GTPases (2001)

Localization of Ras and Ras-like proteins to the correct subcellular compartment is essential for these proteins to mediate their biological effects. Many members of the Ras superfamily (Ha-Ras, N-Ras, TC21, and RhoA) are prenylated in the cytoplasm and then transit through the endomembrane system on their way to the plasma membrane. The proteins that aid in the trafficking of the small GTPases have not been well characterized. We report here that prenylated Rab acceptor protein (PRA1), which others previously identified as a prenylation-dependent receptor for Rab proteins, also interacts with Ha-Ras, RhoA, TC21, and Rap1a. The interaction of these small GTPases with PRA1 requires their post-translational modification by prenylation. The prenylation-dependent association of PRA1 with multiple GTPases is conserved in evolution; the yeast PRA1 protein associates with both Ha-Ras and RhoA. Earlier studies reported the presence of PRA1 in the Golgi, and we show here that PRA1 co-localizes with Ha-Ras and RhoA in the Golgi compartment. We suggest that PRA1 acts as an escort protein for small GTPases by binding to the hydrophobic isoprenoid moieties of the small GTPases and facilitates their trafficking through the endomembrane system.