gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Receptors Are Coupled to Nitric Oxide Release in Invertebrate Immunocytes, Microglia, and Human Monocytes (1996)

The present study demonstrates that stereoselective binding sites for anandamide, a naturally occurring cannabinoid substance, can be found in invertebrate immunocytes and microglia. The anandamide-binding site is monophasic and of high affinity, exhibiting a Kd of 34.3 nM with a Bmax of 441 fmol/mg protein. These sites are highly selective, as demonstrated by the inability of other types of signaling molecules to displace [3H]anandamide. Furthermore, this binding site is coupled to nitric oxide release in the invertebrate tissues examined as well as in human monocytes. Interestingly, the cannabinoid-stimulated release of nitric oxide initiates cell rounding. Thus, these cannabinoid actions resemble those of opiate alkaloids. In this regard, we demonstrate that these signaling systems use the same effector system, i.e. nitric oxide release, but separate receptors. Last, the presence of a cannabinoid receptor in selected evolutionary diverse organisms indicates that this signaling system has been conserved for more than 500 million years.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Fe-Doped LiMnPO Nanocomposite Prepared by a Hydrothermal Process in a High-Pressure Reactor (2016)

LiMn1-xFexPO4 powders with varied Fe concentrations (x=0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were prepared in a high-pressure reactor by a hydrothermal process. The effect of the Fe dopant concentration on the crystal structure, morphology, surface area and electrochemical properties were studied. LiMn1-xFexPO4 with a higher Fe concentration presented better cyclic performance, and the capacity retention of a LiMn0.60Fe0.40PO4 electrode after 20 cycles was 97.2% at 25°C with an initial capacity of 145 mAh/g at a 0.1C rate. LiMn0.60Fe0.40PO4 also delivered discharge capacities of 151 mAh/g and 109.3 mAh/g at rates of 0.05C and 5C, respectively. Because the total charge/discharge capacity of LiMn1-xFexPO4 was enhanced as the Fe concentration increased while the average discharge voltage was reduced, a high specific energy value of 513 Wh/kg was achieved in the LiMn0.70Fe0.30PO4 material.
<i>PICKLE</i>Acts throughout the Plant to Repress Expression of Embryonic Traits and May Play a Role in Gibberellin-Dependent Responses (2004)

A seed marks the transition between two developmental states; a plant is an embryo during seed formation, whereas it is a seedling after emergence from the seed. Two factors have been identified in Arabidopsis that play a role in establishment of repression of the embryonic state: PKL (PICKLE), which codes for a putative CHD3 chromatin remodeling factor, and gibberellin (GA), a plant growth regulator. Previous observations have also suggested that PKL mediates some aspects of GA responsiveness in the adult plant. To investigate possible mechanisms by which PKL and GA might act to repress the embryonic state, we further characterized the ability of PKL and GA to repress embryonic traits and reexamined the role of PKL in mediating GA-dependent responses. We found that PKL acts throughout the seedling to repress expression of embryonic traits. Although the ability of pkl seedlings to express embryonic traits is strongly induced by inhibiting GA biosynthesis, it is only marginally responsive to abscisic acid and SPY (SPINDLY), factors that have previously been demonstrated to inhibit GA-dependent responses during germination. We also observed that pkl plants exhibit the phenotypic hallmarks of a mutation in a positive regulator of a GA response pathway including reduced GA responsiveness and increased synthesis of bioactive GAs. These observations indicate that PKL may mediate a subset of GA-dependent responses during shoot development.
High-Density Reduced-Stack Logic Circuit Techniques Using Independent-Gate Controlled Double-Gate Devices (2006)

Novel high-density logic-circuit techniques employing independent-gate controlled double-gate (DG) devices are proposed. The scheme utilizes the threshold-voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) difference between double-gated and single-gated modes in a high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> DG device to reduce the number of transistors required to implement the stack logic. In a series-connected stack portion of the logic gate, the number of transistors is halved, thus substantially improving the area/capacitance and the circuit performance. The scheme can be easily implemented by a DG technology with either a metal gate or a polysilicon gate. Six-way logic can be implemented with the proposed scheme using only six transistors. The viability and performance advantage of the scheme are validated via extensive mixed-mode physics-based numerical simulations
Certification of New Standard Reference Material 2806b Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Oil (2016)

A new material has been certified to become Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2806b - Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Fluid. SRM 2806b consists of trace polydisperse, irregularly shaped mineral dust particles suspended in hydraulic fluid. The certified values of SRM 2806b are the projected area circular-equivalent diameters of the collected dust particles from the hydraulic fluid. The dimensional measurements were determined from the area of the collected dust particles using images obtained from automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by image analysis. An automated SEM and an automated image analysis software allowed the processing of over 29 million particles. The dimensional calibration of the SEM images (actual length per pixel and thus the actual projected diameters) are traceable to the NIST Line Scale Interferometer (LSI) through a NIST calibrated Geller MRS-4XY pitch standard. The certified diameters are correlated with the numeric concentration of particles greater than each diameter, referred to as the cumulative number size distribution. SRM 2806b is intended to be used to calibrate liquid-borne optical particle counters in conjunction with the reference method ISO 11171:2010.
Laser mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides with isomer matrices (1993)

Various isomer matrices were used for laser-desorption ionization of mixtures of oligomers. It was found that the efficiency of production of oligomer ions changed drastically when different isomers were used as matrices. For selected matrix materials, parent oligomer ions with sizes up to 64 bases were observed.
Allocation of multiport memories in data path synthesis (1988)

An algorithm to synthesize registers using multiport memories during data-path synthesis is presented. The proposed approach considers not only the access requirements of registers but also their interconnection to operators in order to minimize required interconnections. The same approach can be applied to select the optimum number of buses in a multibus architecture. The method is illustrated with an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anticoagulation Monitoring Part 2: Unfractionated Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (2005)

OBJECTIVE To review the availability, mechanisms, limitations, and clinical application of point-of-care (POC) devices used in monitoring anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). DATA SOURCES Articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–August 2004), device manufacturer Web sites, additional references listed in articles and Web sites, and abstracts from scientific meetings. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION English-language literature from clinical trials was reviewed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and clinical application of POC monitoring devices. DATA SYNTHESIS The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and activated clotting time (ACT) are common tests for monitoring anticoagulation with UFH. Multiple devices are available for POC aPTT, ACT, and heparin concentration testing. The aPTT therapeutic range for UFH will vary depending upon the reagent and instrument employed. Although recommended by the American College of Chest Physicians Seventh Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy, establishing a heparin concentration–derived therapeutic range for UFH is rarely performed. Additional research evaluating anti-factor Xa monitoring of LMWHs using POC testing is necessary. CONCLUSIONS Multiple POC devices are available to monitor anticoagulation with UFH. For each test, there is some variability in results between devices and between reagents used in the same device. Despite these limitations, POC anticoagulation monitoring of UFH using aPTT and, more often, ACT is common in clinical practice, particularly when evaluating anticoagulation associated with interventional cardiology procedures and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
WISDOM: Web intrapage informative structure mining based on document object model (2005)

To increase the commercial value and accessibility of pages, most content sites tend to publish their pages with intrasite redundant information, such as navigation panels, advertisements, and copyright announcements. Such redundant information increases the index size of general search engines and causes page topics to drift. In this paper, we study the problem of mining intrapage informative structure in news Web sites in order to find and eliminate redundant information. Note that intrapage informative structure is a subset of the original Web page and is composed of a set of fine-grained and informative blocks. The intrapage informative structures of pages in a news Web site contain only anchors linking to news pages or bodies of news articles. We propose an intrapage informative structure mining system called WISDOM (Web intrapage informative structure mining based on the document object model) which applies Information Theory to DOM tree knowledge in order to build the structure. WISDOM splits a DOM tree into many small subtrees and applies a top-down informative block searching algorithm to select a set of candidate informative blocks. The structure is built by expanding the set using proposed merging methods. Experiments on several real news Web sites show high precision and recall rates which validates WISDOM'S practical applicability.
Web-based organization of relevant knowledge for web-oriented instruction and learning (2002)

This paper presents the author's subjective experience in developing and using a combination of web pages and other Internet attributes (called the Internet learning environment, ILE) for a sequence of four dependent university courses, three at undergraduate level. Relevant knowledge is taken to mean all constructs that constitute the material taught in the courses and their prerequisites. Constructs include the various facts, relations, definitions, notation, equations, figures, executable computer models, sound-bites, video, images, applets, expert experience, and connections. Even though randomly (perhaps chaotically) distributed around the web and Internet, they can be presented as if arranged in a database, structured like the official curriculum. Organization of relevant knowledge is fundamentally important because computer environments change so fast that the knowledge base may have to be restructured or moved to new servers several times a year. By presenting the overall curriculum graphically, web-page content appears to be multi-hyper-linked to a structured database, which changes rather rapidly, for example with breaking news. Frequently, breaking news may provide unusually good teaching and learning opportunities. General types and formats of relevant information on the ILE are listed. Characteristics of good teaching obtained from the literature are related to attributes of instruction and learning based on the ILE. Finally the lessons learned by the author in developing the ILE are arranged in the form of simplistic "rules".
Reduction and removal of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> from simulated flue gas using iron oxide as catalyst/absorbent (1975)

Abstract Iron oxide supported on alumina is a promising catalyst/absorbent for use in the simultaneous removal of NO x and SO x from power plant stack gases. A dry‐contacting process is under development which would operate under net reducing conditions at temperatures of 370° to 540°C. Iron oxide is converted to the ferrous state, NO is reduced to N 2 or NH 3 , and SO 2 is removed as ferrous sulfide or sulfate. Regeneration with air produces SO 2 and reforms Fe 2 O 3 . The reduction of SO 2 by CO and H 2 was studied in fixed‐bed reactors to determine the effects of temperature and of the other reactive components of flue gas (excepting fly ash) on the rate of reaction and the products formed. H 2 S and COS react with FeO to form FeS. Under readily attainable conditions, virtually complete removal of sulfur compounds was achieved for gas‐phase residence times of about 1 to 10 ms. NO and O 2 were also reduced. Conditions under which oxygen poisons the catalyst were determined.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Fractional-Pixel Motion Compensation (2018)

Fractional-pixel motion compensation (MC) improves the efficiency of inter prediction and has been utilized extensively in video coding standards. The traditional methods of fractional-pixel MC usually follow the approach of interpolation, i.e., they adopt different kinds of filters, either fixed or adaptive, to interpolate fractional-pixel values from integer-pixel values in a reference picture. Different from the interpolation approach, in this paper, we formulate the fractional-pixel MC as an inter-picture regression problem, which is to predict the pixel values of the current to-be-coded picture from the integer-pixel values of a reference picture, given a fractional-pixel motion vector that relates the two pictures. We then propose to adopt convolutional neural network (CNN) models to approach the regression problem, inspired by the recent advances of CNN. Accordingly, we propose fractional-pixel reference generation CNN (FRCNN) for both uni-directional and bi-directional MC in video coding. We further investigate how to train FRCNN by using encoded video sequences, and empirically study the effect of different training data and different CNN structures. Moreover, we propose to integrate FRCNN into the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) scheme, and perform a comprehensive set of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of FRCNN. The experimental results show that our proposed FRCNN achieves on average 3.9%, 2.7%, and 1.3% bits saving compared with HEVC, under low-delay P, low-delay B, and random-access configurations, respectively.
Ion-Mobility-Based Quantification of Surface-Coating-Dependent Binding of Serum Albumin to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2016)

Protein binding and protein-induced nanoparticle aggregation are known to occur for a variety of nanomaterials, with the extent of binding and aggregation highly dependent on nanoparticle surface properties. However, often lacking are techniques that enable quantification of the extent of protein binding and aggregation, particularly for nanoparticles with polydisperse size distributions. In this study, we adapt ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to examine the binding of bovine serum albumin to commercially available anionic-surfactant-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which are initially ∼21 nm in mean mobility diameter and have a polydisperse size distribution function (geometric standard deviation near 1.4). IMS, carried out with a hydrosol-to-aerosol converting nebulizer, a differential mobility analyzer, and a condensation particle counter, enables measurements of SPION size distribution functions for varying BSA/SPION number concentration ratios. IMS measurements suggest that initially (at BSA concentrations below 50 nM) BSA binds reversibly to SPION surfaces with a binding site density in the 0.05-0.08 nm(-2) range. However, at higher BSA concentrations, BSA induces SPION-SPION aggregation, evidenced by larger shifts in SPION size distribution functions (mean diameters beyond 40 nm for BSA concentrations near 100 nM) and geometric standard deviations (near 1.3) consistent with self-preserving aggregation theories. The onset of BSA aggregation is correlated with a modest but statistically significant decrease in the specific absorption rate (SAR) of SPIONs placed within an alternating magnetic field. The coating of SPIONs with mesoporous silica (MS-SPIONs) as well as PEGylation (MS-SPIONs-PEG) is found to completely mitigate BSA binding and BSA-induced aggregation; IMS-inferred size distribution functions are insensitive to BSA concentration for MS-SPIONs and MS-SPIONs-PEG. The SARs of MS-SPIONs are additionally insensitive to BSA concentration, confirming the SAR decrease is linked to BSA-induced aggregation.
A look at the video dial-tone network (1995)

As organisations with information to sell implement an array of multimedia services for the home, others, too, are hard at work. Telephone companies, as well as cable operators, are busy developing broadband intelligent networks to underpin those broadcast and interactive offerings. The phone companies define their network as a common-carrier transport service, in that it grants equal access to all information providers, including themselves, and enables consumers to "dial up" video or multimedia applications offered by third parties. This kind of service has become known as a video dial-tone network. The user first gets a menu from the network provider. He or she then picks an information provider, which sends its own interactive menu of services to the customer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Point Source Density and Its Relationship to Efficacy in Attracticide Formulations of Gossyplure (1990)

Journal Article Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Point Source Density and Its Relationship to Efficacy in Attracticide Formulations of Gossyplure Get access E. Miller, E. Miller Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Phoenix, Arizona 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. T. Staten, R. T. Staten Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Phoenix, Arizona 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Nowel, C. Nowel Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Phoenix, Arizona 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Gourd J. Gourd Pink Bollworm and Range Pests Station, Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Phoenix, Arizona 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 83, Issue 4, 1 August 1990, Pages 1321–1325, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.4.1321 Published: 01 August 1990 Article history Received: 20 January 1989 Accepted: 27 November 1989 Published: 01 August 1990
Molecular cloning and characterization of the constitutive bovine aortic endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase. (1992)

The constitutive endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (NOS) importantly regulates vascular homeostasis. To gain understanding of this enzyme, a pEF BOS cDNA library of 5 x 10(5) clones was prepared from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and screened with a 2.8-kb cDNA BamHI fragment of rat brain NOS. Clone pBOS13 was found to express NO synthase activity when transfected into COS-7 cells. Sequence analysis revealed sequences compatible with binding domains for calcium/calmodulin, flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine nucleotide and NADPH. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a protein with a relative mol mass of 133,286, which is 58% homologous to the rat cerebellar NOS and 51% homologous to the mouse macrophage NOS. The amino-terminal portion of the protein exhibits several characteristics peculiar to the endothelial cell NOS. These include a proline-rich region and several potential sites for proline-directed phosphorylation as well as a potential substrate site for acyl transferase. Northern hybridization to mRNA from cultured BAEC revealed an abundant 4.8-kb message, which was not increased by coincubation with tumor necrosis factor alpha, but was markedly increased by exposure to shear stress for 24 h. The unique features of the endothelial cell NO synthase, particularly in the amino terminal portion of the molecule, may provide for novel regulatory influences of enzyme activity and localization.
Speculative analysis of integrated development environment recommendations (2012)

Modern integrated development environments make recommendations and automate common tasks, such as refactorings, auto-completions, and error corrections. However, these tools present little or no information about the consequences of the recommended changes. For example, a rename refactoring may: modify the source code without changing program semantics; modify the source code and (incorrectly) change program semantics; modify the source code and (incorrectly) create compilation errors; show a name collision warning and require developer input; or show an error and not change the source code. Having to compute the consequences of a recommendation -- either mentally or by making source code changes -- puts an extra burden on the developers. This paper aims to reduce this burden with a technique that informs developers of the consequences of code transformations. Using Eclipse Quick Fix as a domain, we describe a plug-in, Quick Fix Scout, that computes the consequences of Quick Fix recommendations. In our experiments, developers completed compilation-error removal tasks 10% faster when using Quick Fix Scout than Quick Fix, although the sample size was not large enough to show statistical significance.
Third and Fourth Optical Transitions in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

We have studied the optical transition energies of single-wall carbon nanotubes over broad diameter (0.7-2.3 nm) and energy (1.26-2.71 eV) ranges, using their radial breathing mode Raman spectra. We establish the diameter and chiral angle dependence of the poorly studied third and fourth optical transitions in semiconducting tubes. Comparative analysis between the higher lying transitions and the first and second transitions show two different diameter scalings. Quantum mechanical calculations explain the result showing strongly bound excitons in the first and second transitions and a delocalized electron wave function in the third transition.
Mode conversion based on the periodic coupling by a reflective fiber grating (1992)

The periodic mode coupling between the LP(01) and counterpropagating LP(02) modes induced by a reflective fiber grating is investigated by using the coupled-mode theory. The properties of the mode conversion by the reflective fiber grating are compared with those by a transmissive grating that couples LP(01) and LP(02) modes in a same direction. Our results show that the former has a narrower power conversion spectrum than the latter.