gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the Internet for B2B activities: a review and future directions for research (2000)

Illustrates some of the challenges that electronic commerce practitioners and researchers face. A theoretical framework for Web users’ behaviour is developed. Research themes or questions concerning relationships between cross‐national differences, demographics, perceived threats and Web use; assessment of on‐line information for different categories of product; influence of people’s technology resistance on attitudes toward, and behaviours regarding, online shopping; and how these factors affect people’s attempt to externalize costs (e.g. transaction costs) are outlined. The article analyses different decisional contexts for Web shopping, comparing commodity products to products that require engineering support; while the hype is generally on the first, customized and specialty products may be more attractive from a business perspective. Internet commerce of technical products, in the context of corporate purchasing, has been largely ignored. After reviewing the existing literature, the article concludes by presenting future research challenges and practical implications for organizations willing to take advantage of the opportunities the Web offers.
Ratio-independent current mode algorithmic analog-to-digital converters (2003)

A new ratio-independent algorithmic analog-to-digital converter, using current instead of voltage, is described. The proposed ADC (analog-to-digital converter) does not require well-matched components or high-gain amplifiers and can be made insensitive to the amplifier's offset voltage. A prototype of the proposed circuit was designed and fabricated using a 3- mu m CMOS process. The circuit occupies less than 0.2 mm/sup 2/, displays a 10-b resolution with a 25-kHz sampling rate, and operates from a single 5-V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calpain Inhibitor-1 Reduces Infarct Size and DNA Fragmentation of Myocardium in Ischemic/Reperfused Rat Heart (1999)

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion activates a calcium-dependent protease, calpain, in the ischemic myocytes. It is not known whether calpain is involved in the mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion injury in hearts. Thus the purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of a selective calpain inhibitor (CAI) on infarct size and the extent of DNA damage in ischemic/reperfused rat hearts. Rats were divided in four groups (n = 7 each). In saline group, 0.3 ml of saline was administered (i.v.) 10 min before 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 6-h reperfusion. In vehicle group, 0.3 ml of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was administered 10 min before the 30-min ischemia. CAI (0.5 mg/kg) was administered 10 min before the 30-min ischemia (CAI-A group) and 10 min before the 6-h reperfusion period (CAI-B group). Infarct size was detected with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, and DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and by in situ nick end labeling (ISEL). Infarct size was significantly smaller in the CAI-A group compared with the vehicle group (13+/-9% vs. 48+/-12%; p < 0.01), and the incidence of ISEL-positive myocyte nuclei in the subendocardial region was significantly reduced in the CAI-A group compared with the vehicle group (26+/-3% vs. 59+/-6%; p < 0.01). However, the effects of CAI in CAI-B group were not significant. Activation of calpain is involved in the mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the preischemic administration of CAI was effective in reducing myocardial infarct size and the DNA damage of the myocytes in ischemic/reperfused rat heart.
A Model and Prototype of a Resource-Efficient Storage Server for High-Bitrate Video-on-Demand (2007)

This paper presents a mathematical model and a prototype of a resource-efficient storage server for high-bitrate video-on-demand (VoD) applications. Rapid exponential growth of disk capacity enables the storage of high-bitrate VoD streams; however, a server system must be carefully designed to allow those streams to be retrieved from disk and delivered to the network efficiently. Additionally, a cost-effective server should be implemented using only commodity components, such as standard PCs, SATA disks and controllers, and Gigabit Ethernet links. This paper presents a model: detailed enough to account for the rate-based nature of streaming video, the buffering time allowed by the application, and average-case disk hardware characteristics while remaining simple enough to use for algorithm and system design. This paper then describes a prototype storage server designed to serve large video files at the specified bitrates and finds its performance to agree closely with the model (with an average discrepancy of 11% for high-bitrate streams). The system uses up to 8 SATA-300 disks and can simultaneously serve 290 distinct DVD-quality (6 Mbps) streams or 74 distinct HDTV-quality (25 Mbps) streams from disk, achieving an aggregate network throughput of 1.85 Gbps.
Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Optimization (2014)

The optimization of energy consumption in the cloud computing environment is the question how to use various energy conservation strategies to efficiently allocate resources. The need of different resources in cloud environment is unpredictable. It is observed that load management in cloud is utmost needed in order to provide QOS. The jobs at over-loaded physical machine are shifted to under-loaded physical machine and turning the idle machine off in order to provide green cloud. For energy optimization, DVFS and Power-Nap are good strategies. As much of this energy is wasted in idle systems: in typical deployments, server utilization is below 30%, but idle servers still consume 60% of their peak power draw. In this paper, we have proposed an hybrid approach for energy optimization using Ant Colony optimization, Bee Colony optimization, PowerNap, DVFS and RAILS having the constraint QOS.
Molecular forms of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase in normal and dystrophic mouse brain (1996)

In searching for possible differences in the composition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) forms in dystrophic brain, the distribution of various enzyme molecules in normal (NB) and dystrophic (DB) 129B6F1/J mouse brain has been investigated. The tissue was sequentially extracted with saline (S1) and with saline-Triton X-100 buffers (S2) to release soluble and membrane-bound cholinesterases. About 15% of the AChE and 35% of the BuChE activities in NB were recovered in S1, and the rest in S2. G4, G2, and G1 AChE and BuChE forms were identified in the soluble fractions obtained from NB and DB. The shift in sedimentation values of the separated AChE and BuChE species in sucrose gradients made with and without detergents revealed the occurrence of hydrophilic (H) and amphiphilic (A) variants of cholinesterases in the extracts. The amphiphilic properties of the several AChE and BuChE molecules were analyzed by Triton X-114 phase-partitioning and by phenyl-agarose chromatography. A12 (1%), G4A (72%), G4H (8%), and G2A + G1A (19%) AChE molecules, and G4A (34%), G4H (19%), and G2A + G1A (47%) BuChE forms, were identified in NB. The G4A AChE and BuChE isoforms differed in their interaction with Triton X-114 and with a hydrophobic matrix. Neither the extent of cholinesterase solubilization, nor the distribution of individual enzyme forms, was significantly altered in DB. The lack of specific differences in the distribution of AChE and BuChE forms between NB and DB suggests that the biosynthetic pathway leading to the various enzyme forms is altered in muscle but not in dystrophic mouse brain.
Endometriosis: alternative methods of medical treatment (2015)

Endometriosis is an inflammatory estrogen-dependent disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at extrauterine sites. The main purpose of endometriosis management is alleviating pain associated to the disease. This can be achieved surgically or medically, although in most women a combination of both treatments is required. Long-term medical treatment is usually needed in most women. Unfortunately, in most cases, pain symptoms recur between 6 months and 12 months once treatment is stopped. The authors conducted a literature search for English original articles, related to new medical treatments of endometriosis in humans, including articles published in PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords included "endometriosis" matched with "medical treatment", "new treatment", "GnRH antagonists", "Aromatase inhibitors", "selective progesterone receptor modulators", "anti-TNF α", and "anti-angiogenic factors". Hormonal treatments currently available are effective in the relief of pain associated to endometriosis. Among new hormonal drugs, association to aromatase inhibitors could be effective in the treatment of women who do not respond to conventional therapies. GnRH antagonists are expected to be as effective as GnRH agonists, but with easier administration (oral). There is a need to find effective treatments that do not block the ovarian function. For this purpose, antiangiogenic factors could be important components of endometriosis therapy in the future. Upcoming researches and controlled clinical trials should focus on these drugs.
Glycopeptide analysis by mass spectrometry (2008)

Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications found in nature. Identifying and characterizing glycans is an important step in correlating glycosylation structure to the glycan's function, both in normal glycoproteins and those that are modified in a disease state. Glycans on a protein can be characterized by a variety of methods. This review focuses on the mass spectral analysis of glycopeptides, after subjecting the glycoprotein to proteolysis. This analytical approach is useful in characterizing glycan heterogeneity and correlating glycan compositions to their attachment sites on the protein. The information obtained from this approach can serve as the foundation for understanding how glycan compositions affect protein function, in both normal and aberrant glycoproteins.
Toward a primate model ofl-dopa-unresponsive parkinsonism mimicking striatonigral degeneration (2000)

We developed a primate model of striatonigral degeneration (SND), the neuropathology underlying levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism associated with multiple systemic atrophy (MSA-P), by sequential systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) in a Macaca fascicularis monkey. L-Dopa-responsive parkinsonian features emerged after MPTP injections. Subsequent chronic 3NP administration aggravated the motor symptoms and abolished the L-dopa response. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral striatal lesions. Histopathologically, there was severe dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta compared with the control monkey. Furthermore, we observed circumscribed areas of severe neuronal degeneration in the motor striatum. These changes were absent in the control monkey, and they were associated with diffuse metabolic failure as demonstrated by cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. The striatal pathology predominantly involved output pre-pro-enkephalin A- and substance P-containing cells, whereas somatostatin (NADPH-diaphorase)-containing interneurons were relatively spared. Our model therefore reproduced levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism and SND-like pathologic changes characteristic of MSA-P. The double-lesion primate model of SND may serve as a preclinical test-bed for the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies in MSA-P.
A Financial Analysis of Acquisition and Merger Premiums (1973)

The current merger movement has been characterized by the willingness of the management of some acquiring companies to pay substantial merger premiums. A merger premium exists when the common stockholders of an acquired company receive cash and/or securities possessing a value greater than the company's premerger market value. The rationalization or justification of these “premiums” is based on a merger synergy concept. Contemporary merger literature recognizes two broad forms of merger synergy — the potential for greater operating efficiencies [14] and/or potential financial benefits — with the latter containing instantaneous [12] and real elements [1, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13].
Gas cleanup for combined cycle power generation using a hot gas conditioning catalyst (1995)

Biomass gasification provides the potential to efficiently and economically produce a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for power generation or synthesis gas (syngas) applications. Biomass as the feedstock for the process is uniquely suited to this application because it provides the means to increase the nation`s energy security, and also, to potentially provide a more stable agricultural industry. An important side benefit of the use of biomass is the effective minimization of the primary greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), by providing a means to close-loop the CO{sub 2} cycle. However, high molecular weight hydrocarbon constituents (tar) in the product gas from gasification can complicate the downstream uses of the gas. This paper discusses both the development of a low cost, disposable catalyst system that can eliminate these heavy hydrocarbons from the gas and the use of the catalyst in conjunction with the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems.
DNA Polymerase of Murine Sarcoma-Leukemia Virus: Lack of Detectable RNase H and Low Activity With Viral RNA and Natural DNA Templates (1973)

Kirsten murine sarcoma-leukemia virus (Ki-MSV[MLV]) was found to contain less RNase H per unit of viral DNA polymerase than avian Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Upon purification by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and subsequent glycerol gradient sedimentation the avian DNA polymerase was obtained in association with a constant amount of RNase H. By contrast, equally purified DNA polymerase of Ki-MSV(MLV) and Moloney [Mo-MSV(MLV)] lacked detectable RNase H if assayed with two homopolymer and phage fd DNA-RNA hybrids as substrates. On the basis of picomoles of nucleotides turned over, the ratio of RNase H to purified avian DNA polymerase was 1:20 and that of RNase H to purified murine DNA polymerase ranged between <1:2,800 and 5,000. Based on the same activity with poly (A).oligo(dT) the activity of the murine DNA polymerase was 6 to 60 times lower than that of the avian enzyme with denatured salmon DNA template or with avian or murine viral RNA templates assayed under various conditions (native, heat-dissociated, with or without oligo(dT) and oligo(dC) and at different template enzyme ratios). The template activities of Ki-MSV(MLV) RNA and RSV RNA were enhanced uniformly by oligo(dT) but oligo(dC) was much less efficient in enhancing the activity of MSV(MLV) RNA than that of RSV RNA. It was concluded that the purified DNA polymerase of Ki-MSV(MLV) differs from that of Rous sarcoma virus in its lack of detectable RNase H and in its low capacity to transcribe viral RNA and denatured salmon DNA. Some aspects of these results are discussed.
Automated e-business negotiation: model, life cycle, and system architecture (2001)

How to apply negotiation principles to E-business is an important topic for both negotiation research and E-business research. Automation of E-business negotiation is even more challenging due to the inherent complexity of business negotiations. Some research has been done in this area, but a comprehensive model for automated E-business negotiation is still missing. Furthermore, existing work in this area does not consider the negotiation process from a full life cycle perspective; therefore valuable information from a previous negotiation is not properly used for the future negotiations. This report discusses two important issues related to automated E-business negotiation: model and life cycle. A system architecture based on the model and the life cycle is proposed.
HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfected patients in Istanbul, Turkey (2020)

Highlights COVID‐19 coinfection has improved in HIV‐infected cases that use regular ART and where viral load is suppressed, and even in advanced HIV‐infected cases without treatment. Although the data are not yet sufficient, the impression is that the presence of comorbidities is an important factor in mortality in HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfected cases. Radiological imaging findings were observed in all HIV‐infected cases, even in the case with very low CD4 cell count. And, with immunochromatographic antibody tests, it was observed that antibody formation time was similar to uninfected individuals.
Catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis hut operon requires a cis-acting site located downstream of the transcription initiation site (1994)

Expression of the Bacillus subtilis hut operon is subject to regulation by catabolite repression. A set of hut-lacZ transcriptional fusions was constructed and used to identify two cis-acting sites involved in catabolite repression. The hutOCR1 operator site lies immediately downstream of the hut promoter and weakly regulates hut expression in response to catabolite repression. The downstream hutOCR2 operator site lies within the hutP gene, between positions +203 and +216, and is required for wild-type levels of catabolite repression. Both the hutOCR1 and hutOCR2 operators have sequence similarity to the sites which mediate catabolite repression of several other B. subtilis genes. Two mutations which relieve catabolite repression of hut expression were found to alter the nucleotide sequence of the hutOCR2 operator. Catabolite repression of hut expression was partially relieved in strains containing the ccpA mutation but not in strains containing either the pai or hpr mutation.
The Resonating Valence Bond State in La <sub>2</sub> CuO <sub>4</sub> and Superconductivity (1987)

The oxide superconductors, particularly those recently discovered that are based on La(2)CuO(4), have a set of peculiarities that suggest a common, unique mechanism: they tend in every case to occur near a metal-insulator transition into an odd-electron insulator with peculiar magnetic properties. This insulating phase is proposed to be the long-sought "resonating-valence-bond" state or "quantum spin liquid" hypothesized in 1973. This insulating magnetic phase is favored by low spin, low dimensionality, and magnetic frustration. The preexisting magnetic singlet pairs of the insulating state become charged superconducting pairs when the insulator is doped sufficiently strongly. The mechanism for superconductivity is hence predominantly electronic and magnetic, although weak phonon interactions may favor the state. Many unusual properties are predicted, especially of the insulating state.
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery (1987)

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery , Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Synthesis and Hybridization Characteristics of Oligodeoxynucleotide-Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugates (1987)

Abstract Modified oligodeoxynucleotides, 20 to 30 bases in length and containing “linker arm” bases, are chemically synthesized, then attached covalently to alkaline phosphatase in a 1:1 conjugate through a 19 atom spacer. Such conjugates hybridize rapidly and selectively to complementary sequences similar to unmodified oligomers, and allow colorimetrlc and fluorogenic detection of hybrids.
Natural Calcium Isotopic Composition of Urine as a Marker of Bone Mineral Balance (2007)

Results confirm the predicted relationship between bone mineral balance and calcium isotopes, suggesting that calcium isotopic analysis of urine might be refined into a clinical and research tool.
Prediction of peptide ion mobilities via a priori calculations from intrinsic size parameters of amino acid residues (2001)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has recently been established as a powerful tool to separate the protease digest mixtures and identify their peptide components. As accurate calculation of mobilities is critical for this technique, a new rapid method based on intrinsic size parameters (ISPs) of amino acid residues has been devised. However, those parameters had to be obtained by tedious statistical analysis of a large body of experimental data. Here we demonstrate that they can instead be derived a priori, based on the stoichiometry of a residue. Our main finding is that the ISP of a residue is essentially determined by its density, that is, the average mass/size ratio of its constituent atoms. This is in accordance with an interpretation in which peptides assume compact conformations in the gas phase dominated by the solvation of ionic charge.
Generation of Haploid Spermatids with Fertilization and Development Capacity from Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells of Cryptorchid Patients (2014)

Generation of functional spermatids from azoospermia patients is of unusual significance in the treatment of male infertility. Here, we report an efficient approach to obtain human functional spermatids from cryptorchid patients. Spermatogonia remained whereas meiotic germ cells were rare in cryptorchid patients. Expression of numerous markers for meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells was enhanced in human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of cryptorchidism patients by retinoic acid (RA) and stem cell factor (SCF) treatment. Meiotic spreads and DNA content assays revealed that RA and SCF induced a remarkable increase of SCP3-, MLH1-, and CREST-positive cells and haploid cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reflected distinct global gene profiles in embryos derived from round spermatids and nuclei of somatic cells. Significantly, haploid spermatids generated from human SSCs of cryptorchid patients possessed fertilization and development capacity. This study thus provides an invaluable source of autologous male gametes for treating male infertility in azoospermia patients.
Using Self-Administered Tampons to Diagnose STDs (1998)

The new nucleic acid amplification techniques (e.g., LCR and PCR) have allowed the introduction of non- and minimally-invasive techniques for the detection of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In this article, we describe one of these-the self-administrated tampon method-which we have used to detect the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and human papillomavirus in women.
Is the mammalian serine palmitoyltransferase a high-molecular-mass complex? (2007)

SPT (serine palmitoyltransferase) catalyses the rate-limiting step for the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Mammalian SPT is believed to be a heterodimer composed of two subunits, SPTLC1 and SPTLC2. We reported previously the identification of a new third SPT subunit, SPTLC3. In the present study, we have investigated the structure of the SPT complex in more detail. Pull-down assays with antibodies against SPTLC3 concomitantly co-precipitated SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 in human placenta extracts and SPTLC3 overexpressing human embryonic kidney-293 cells. By size exclusion chromatography, we determined the molecular mass of the functional SPT complex to be approx. 480 kDa. By Blue-native-PAGE experiments we demonstrated that all three SPT subunits (SPTLC1-3) are co-localized within a single SPT complex. On the basis of these results we conclude that the functional SPT is not a dimer, but a higher organized complex, composed of three distinct subunits (SPTLC1, SPTLC2 and SPTLC3) with a molecular mass of 480 kDa. The stoichiometry of SPTLC2 and SPTLC3 in this complex seems not to be fixed and is probably changed dynamically in dependence of the tissue specific SPTLC2 and SPTLC3 expression levels. Based on our own and earlier published data we propose a model of an octameric SPT structure. The observed dynamic composition of the SPT complex could provide a cellular mechanism to adjust SPT activity to tissue specific requirements in sphingolipid synthesis.