gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatic Fluorine Compounds. II. 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene and Related Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic Fluorine Compounds. II. 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene and Related Compounds1,2G. C. Finger, F. H. Reed, D. M. Burness, D. M. Fort, and R. R. BloughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 145–149Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface Oxidation of Silicon Nitride Films (1976)

ESCA is used to characterize silicon nitride surface oxidation. Si 2p, N 1s, and O 1s binding energies and photoelectron line intensities of oxidized nitride films are compared with the corresponding lines from thick reference films of silicon, silicon nitride, silcon dioxide, and a series of oxynitrides. Rapid initial oxidation of silicon nitride surfaces occurs at room temperature on exposure of nitride films to air. A graded oxidized nitride film forms between the film surface and the nitride. Similarly, oxynitride films with gradations in composition are obtained upon oxidation of nitride films at high temperatures.
Regulation of galactose oxidase synthesis and secretion in Dactylium dendroides: effects of pH and culture density (1977)

The effects of pH and growth density on the amount of an extracellular enzyme, galactose oxidase, synthesized by the fungus Dactylium dendroides were studied. Growth at a pH below 6.7 caused a decrease in the ability of the organism to release galactose oxidase. The enzyme retained by these fungal cells was liberated whenever the pH was raised to 7.0. Cycloheximide addition failed to inhibit the appearance of this protein; [3H]leucine added prior to pH adjustment was not incorporated into the released protein, These observations indicate the released protein is not newly synthesized protein. The retained enzyme would be secreted slowly over a 2-day period if the pH was not increased. In addition to regulating protein retention, pH was also shown to be associated with vacuolization, cell volume, culture density, and inhibition of protein synthesis. Cultures maintained at low pH were characterized by a dense growth consisting of highly vacuolated, buoyant, fungal hyphae. Increasing the pH from 6 to 7 caused a decrease in vacuole size. Cells grown at neutral pH maintained a lower density of growth and, based on activity measurements, synthesized 33% more galactose oxidase. Furthermore, cultures grown at pH 6.0 and maintained at a lower cell density produced galactose oxidase at a level similar to that of cells grown at neutral pH. Thus, the elevated density of the cell culture was inhibitory to galactose oxidase synthesis. The observed effects on protein synthesis and release were rather specific for galactose oxidase, since other extracellular proteins appeared in the earliest stages of growth.
CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL‐<i>lpr/lpr</i> mice (2004)

Mechanisms responsible for the development of autoimmune skin disease in humans and animal models with lupus remain poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of CD1d, an antigen-presenting molecule known to activate natural killer T cells, in the development of inflammatory dermatitis in lupus-susceptible MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In particular, we have established MRL-lpr/lpr mice carrying a germ-line deletion of the CD1d genes. We demonstrate that CD1d-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice, as compared with wild-type littermates, have more frequent and more severe skin disease, with increased local infiltration with mast cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, including Langerhans cells. CD1d-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice had increased prevalence of CD4(+) T cells in the spleen and liver and of TCR alpha beta (+)B220(+) cells in lymph nodes. Furthermore, CD1d deficiency was associated with decreased T cell production of type 2 cytokines and increased or unchanged type 1 cytokines. These findings indicate a regulatory role of CD1d in inflammatory dermatitis. Understanding the mechanisms by which CD1d deficiency results in splenic T cell expansion and cytokine alterations, with increased dermal infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, will have implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
<title>Compact Infrared Continuous Zoom Telescope</title> (1983)

In the field of infrared optics (8-12 microns) there is an increasing requirement for continuous zoom telescopes operating with scanner systems. To date, zoom telescopes have for some applications been precluded due to excessive length. An exercise was undertaken to explore the possibility of length reduction. The study resulted in the design of a compact, high performance IR zoom telescope. This design and its development will be described including achromatisation, athermalisation and tolerancing aspects.
Towards a Noninvasive Intracranial Tumor Irradiation Using 3D Optical Imaging and Multimodal Data Registration (2007)

Conformal radiotherapy (CRT) results in high-precision tumor volume irradiation. In fractioned radiotherapy (FRT), lesions are irradiated in several sessions so that healthy neighbouring tissues are better preserved than when treatment is carried out in one fraction. In the case of intracranial tumors, classical methods of patient positioning in the irradiation machine coordinate system are invasive and only allow for CRT in one irradiation session. This contribution presents a noninvasive positioning method representing a first step towards the combination of CRT and FRT. The 3D data used for the positioning is point clouds spread over the patient's head (CT-data usually acquired during treatment) and points distributed over the patient's face which are acquired with a structured light sensor fixed in the therapy room. The geometrical transformation linking the coordinate systems of the diagnosis device (CT-modality) and the 3D sensor of the therapy room (visible light modality) is obtained by registering the surfaces represented by the two 3D point sets. The geometrical relationship between the coordinate systems of the 3D sensor and the irradiation machine is given by a calibration of the sensor position in the therapy room. The global transformation, computed with the two previous transformations, is sufficient to predict the tumor position in the irradiation machine coordinate system with only the corresponding position in the CT-coordinate system. Results obtained for a phantom show that the mean positioning error of tumors on the treatment machine isocentre is 0.4 mm. Tests performed with human data proved that the registration algorithm is accurate (0.1 mm mean distance between homologous points) and robust even for facial expression changes.
A pressure-tuned blue-violet InGaN/GaN laser diode grown on bulk GaN crystal (2004)

We demonstrate efficient wavelength tuning by means of hydrostatic pressure of an InGaN/GaN laser diode grown on bulk GaN crystal. Energy shifts of the emitted light with pressure have been found to be about 36 meV/GPa, which are high magnitudes for nitride-based device structures. This result is interpreted as being indicative of efficient screening of built-in electric fields in the studied device. Furthermore, the threshold current of the laser diode was found to be independent of applied pressure. The high magnitude of the pressure coefficient allowed for the achievement of a laser tuning range of up to 10 nm in the blue/violet region, using compact pressure equipment.
Managing the interference structure of MIMO HSDPA: A multi-user interference aware MMSE receiver with moderate complexity (2010)

It is known that Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) networks are limited by interference more than by any other single effect. Due to the frequency selectivity of the wireless channel, intra-cell interference composed of selfand other-user interference occurs. The intra-cell interference as a result of Transmit Antenna Array (TxAA) HSDPA multi-user transmissions, however, shows a special structure that can be exploited to allow for an efficient interference suppression. The contributions of this article are the following: we (a) propose a suitable system model to derive an intra-cell interference aware Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) equalizer with moderate complexity and investigate its capabilities to suppress the multi-user intra-cell interference, (b) propose solutions to estimate the pre-coding state of the cell both with and without available training, and (c) investigate the resulting throughput performance with physical layer as well as system-level simulations. Our proposed solution can be interpreted as a multi-user extension of the classical MMSE equalizer for HSDPA systems without decoding the undesired users, resulting in only slightly increased complexity.
Molecular regulation of copper excretion in the liver (2004)

Cu is an essential nutrient that is required for a broad range of cellular and molecular processes. Mammals have efficient systems to control Cu homeostasis that operate at the level of controlling uptake, distribution, sequestration and excretion of Cu. The study of diseases associated with disturbed Cu homeostasis has greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in Cu metabolism. In man the liver is responsible for excreting excess Cu from the body by means of biliary secretion. Wilson disease is a severe human disorder characterized by Cu accumulation in the liver as a result of a deficiency in biliary Cu secretion. This disorder is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes a Cu-transporting P-type ATPase (ATP7B). The MURR1 gene was identified recently, and it was hypothesized that this gene is also essential for biliary Cu excretion and is presumed to act downstream of ATP7B. MURR1 is mutated in canine Cu toxicosis, a disorder with phenotypic characteristics similar to those of Wilson disease. MURR1 encodes a protein that is of unknown function and is without detectable sequence homology to known proteins. MURR1 is readily detected in all tissues and cell types, suggesting that it may exhibit a pleiotropic function in different organs, which may or may not be exclusively linked to Cu homeostasis. The use of genetic, biochemical and genomic tools, as well as the development of appropriate models in organisms other than dog, will allow the elucidation of the molecular and cellular function of MURR1 in relation to hepatic Cu homeostasis and biliary Cu excretion.
Single-cell RNA sequencing in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy disease etiology and development (2018)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterized by sporadic de-repression of the transcription factor DUX4 in skeletal muscle. DUX4 activates a cascade of muscle disrupting events, eventually leading to muscle atrophy and apoptosis. Yet, how sporadic DUX4 expression leads to the generalized muscle wasting remains unclear. Transcriptome analyses have systematically been challenged by the majority of nuclei being DUX4neg, weakening the DUX4 transcriptome signature. Moreover, DUX4 has been shown to be expressed in a highly dynamic burst-like manner, likely resulting in the detection of the downstream cascade of events long after DUX4 expression itself has faded. Identifying the FSHD transcriptome in individual cells and unraveling the cascade of events leading to FSHD development may therefore provide important insights in the disease process. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with pseudotime trajectory modeling, to study FSHD disease etiology and cellular progression in human primary myocytes. We identified a small FSHD-specific cell population in all tested patient-derived cultures and detected new genes associated with DUX4 de-repression. We furthermore generated an FSHD cellular progression model, reflecting both the early burst-like DUX4 expression as well as the downstream activation of various FSHD-associated pathways, which allowed us to correlate DUX4 expression signature dynamics with that of regulatory complexes, thereby facilitating the prioritization of epigenetic targets for DUX4 silencing. Single-cell transcriptomics combined with pseudotime modeling thus holds valuable information on FSHD disease etiology and progression that can potentially guide biomarker and target selection for therapy.
Hydrogen Added After-Burner System (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We developed a hydrogen-added after-burner system for a new catalyst heating system, which realized large reduction of emissions during start-up at low temperatures when Hydro-Carbon (HC) emission was rather high.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Key development items of this system are a water electrolysis type small size on-bord hydrogen supply unit and engine matching technique for the verification of emission reduction effects.</div>
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanowall Templates (2002)

Magnetic nanoparticles (Ni, CoNiFe) with diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm were synthesized by electrodeposition using carbon nanowalls as templates. A series of experiments have been carried out to study the formation mechanism of nanoparticles. It was found that the formation of nanoparticles instead of continuous films was attributed to two key factors, i.e., the uneven current density distribution on the nanowall surfaces and the pulsed current supply with alternate polarities. The as-grown nanocomposite structures were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic measurement using a vibrating sample magnetometer. These types of nanostructures may have potential applications in batteries, supercapacitors, catalysts, and biomedical devices.
Purification and functional characterization of PecS, a regulator of virulence‐factor synthesis in <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> (1996)

The Erwinia chrysanthemi pecS gene encodes a repressor that negatively regulates the expression of virulence factors such as pectinases or cellulases. The cloned pecS gene was overexpressed using a phage T7 system. The purification of PecS involved DEAE-anion exchange and TSK-heparin columns and delivered the PecS protein that was purified to homogeneity. The purified repressor displayed an 18 kDa apparent molecular mass and an isoelectric point near to neutrality (pl = 6.5). Gel-filtration experiments revealed that the PecS protein is a dimer. Bandshift assays demonstrated that the PecS protein could specifically bind in vitro to the regulatory sites of the in vivo PecS-regulated genes. The interaction between the PecS protein and its DNA-binding site was characterized by a relatively low affinity (about 10(-8) M). DNase I footprintings revealed short protected sequences only with the most in vivo PecS-regulated genes. Alignment of these PecS-binding sites did not show a well-conserved consensus sequence. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the copy number of the PecS protein was approximately 50 dimers per cell. The low affinity of the PecS repressor for its DNA targets and the low cellular PecS content suggest the existence of E. chrysanthemi-specific factors able to potentiate PecS protein activity in vivo.
User Authentication Mechanism Using Java Card for Personalized IPTV Services (2008)

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), becoming a popular business model, provides interactive and personalized service. IPTV provides identification, authentication and personalized services though Set-top box (STB) by a unique hardware identifier. This is based on box-level identification, which is inconsistent with IPTV's main intention of providing personalized services. The goal of the proposed system is to provide an opportunity to use the flexible user-centric authentication mechanism through Java Card applets in the IPTV application server and 3G Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) networks. When a viewer watching IPTV is successfully authenticated, an authentication token allows the subscriber to conveniently use services which are adaptable to personal preference anywhere at anytime. In addition, this paper presents effectiveness and security analysis for verifying the proposal.
Analyzing the Optimal Neighborhood: Algorithms for Budgeted and Partial Connected Dominating Set Problems (2013)

We study partial and budgeted versions of the well studied connected dominating set problem. In the partial connected dominating set problem (Pcds), we are given an undirected graph G = (V, E) and an integer n′, and the goal is to find a minimum subset of vertices that induces a connected subgraph of G and dominates at least n′ vertices. We obtain the first polynomial time algorithm with an O(lnΔ) approximation factor for this problem, thereby significantly extending the results of Guha and Khuller (Algorithmica, Vol. 20(4), Pages 374–387, 1998) for the connected dominating set problem. We note that none of the methods developed earlier can be applied directly to solve this problem. In the budgeted connected dominating set problem (Bcds), there is a budget on the number of vertices we can select, and the goal is to dominate as many vertices as possible. We obtain a approximation algorithm for this problem. Finally, we show that our techniques extend to a more general setting where the profit function associated with a subset of vertices is a “special” submodular function. This generalization captures the connected dominating set problem with capacities and/or weighted profits as special cases. This implies a O(lnq) approximation (where q denotes the quota) and an O(1) approximation algorithms for the partial and budgeted versions of these problems. While the algorithms are simple, the results make a surprising use of the greedy set cover framework in defining a useful profit function.
Handbook on Well Plugging and Abandonment (1993)

The issue of plugging - introduction well abandonment preplanning materials used in well abandonment plugs placement procedures bonding considerations of the plug locating abandoned wells abandonment rules for oil and gas wells, abandonment rules for water wells.
Correlation between Local Stress and Strain and Lamina Cribrosa Connective Tissue Volume Fraction in Normal Monkey Eyes (2010)

The results show that contralateral eyes exhibit similar mechanical behavior and suggest that local mechanical stress and strain within the LC are correlate highly with local laminar CTVF. These simulations emphasize the importance of developing both high-resolution imaging of the LC microarchitecture and next-generation, deep-scanning OCT techniques to clarify the relationships between IOP-related LC displacement and CTVF-related stress and strain in the LC. Such imaging may predict sites of IOP-related damage in glaucoma.
Deletion of the B-B’ and C-C’ regions of inverted terminal repeats reduces rAAV productivity but increases transgene expression (2017)

Inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) are essential for rescue, replication, packaging, and integration of the viral genome. While ITR mutations have been identified in previous reports, we designed a new truncated ITR lacking the B-B' and C-C' regions named as ITRΔBC and investigated its effects on viral genome replication, packaging, and expression of recombinant AAV (rAAV). The packaging ability was compared between ITRΔBC rAAV and wild-type (wt) ITR rAAV. Our results showed the productivity of ITRΔBC rAAV was reduced 4-fold, which is consistent with the 8-fold decrease in the replication of viral genomic DNA of ITRΔBC rAAV compared with wt ITR rAAV. Surprisingly, transgene expression was significantly higher for ITRΔBC rAAV. A preliminary exploration of the underlying mechanisms was carried out by inhibiting and degrading the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein and the Mre11 complex (MRN), respectively, since the rAAV expression was inhibited by the ATM and/or MRN through cis interaction or binding with wt ITRs. We demonstrated that the inhibitory effects were weakened on ITRΔBC rAAV expression. This study suggests deletion in ITR can affect the transgene expression of AAV, which provides a new way to improve the AAV expression through ITRs modification.
Design and Analysis of a Double-Stator Linear–Rotary Permanent-Magnet Motor (2016)

In this paper, a double-stator permanent-magnet motor that involves linear and/or rotary movements is investigated. The double-stator linear–rotary permanent-magnet motor (DSLRPMM) is constituted of two stators and a hollow mover with permanent magnets affixed on its surfaces. This paper focuses on the main electric and magnetic features of the DSLRPMM. First, the structure and operating principles of the motor are described, and the original design of the motor is also given. Then, the electromagnetic characteristics, including fluxes, torques, forces, etc., are studied owing to the three-dimensional finite-element method analyses. Results are given and compared with the measurements.
Colloidal metal in aluminum-oxide (1978)

The nature of the origin of the color in anodized aluminum colored by ac electrolysis in electrolytes containing nickel, copper, silver, gold, and molybdenum salts is investigated. The measured specular reflectance spectra in the region 350–750 nm can be adequately explained by assuming that small metallic particles are incorporated in the anodic film as a colloid. By calculating the optical constants of such a system, specular reflectance spectra can be deduced. A detailed comparison of the calculated and experimental reflectance spectra yields good agreement. It is concluded that metals which do not possess interband transitions or plasma resonance absorptions in or near the visible region of the spectrum will produce brown or bronze colored anodic films when incorporated as a colloid.
Using paraphrases for improving first story detection in news and Twitter (2012)

First story detection (FSD) involves identifying first stories about events from a continuous stream of documents. A major problem in this task is the high degree of lexical variation in documents which makes it very difficult to detect stories that talk about the same event but expressed using different words. We suggest using paraphrases to alleviate this problem, making this the first work to use paraphrases for FSD. We show a novel way of integrating paraphrases with locality sensitive hashing (LSH) in order to obtain an efficient FSD system that can scale to very large datasets. Our system achieves state-of-the-art results on the first story detection task, beating both the best supervised and unsupervised systems. To test our approach on large data, we construct a corpus of events for Twitter, consisting of 50 million documents, and show that paraphrasing is also beneficial in this domain.