gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional MEMS Scanner for Dual-Axes Confocal Microscopy (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel 2-D microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner that enables dual-axes confocal microscopy. Dual-axes confocal microscopy provides high resolution and long working distance, while also being well suited for miniaturization and integration into endoscopes for in vivo imaging. The gimbaled MEMS scanner is fabricated on a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer (a silicon wafer bonded on a SOI wafer) and is actuated by self-aligned vertical electrostatic combdrives. Maximum optical deflections of plusmn4.8deg and plusmn5.5deg are achieved in static mode for the outer and inner axes, respectively. Torsional resonant frequencies are at 500 Hz and 2.9 kHz for the outer and inner axes, respectively. The imaging capability of the MEMS scanner is successfully demonstrated in a breadboard setup. Reflectance images with a field of view of are achieved at 8 frames/s. The transverse resolutions are 3.94 mum and 6.68 mum for the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively.
Adenovirus E1A Represses Cardiac Gene Transcription and Reactivates DNA Synthesis in Ventricular Myocytes, via Alternative Pocket Protein- and p300-binding Domains (1995)

To examine the potential impact of disrupting "pocket" protein function on cardiac differentiation and growth, we introduced 12 S E1A genes into neonatal ventricular myocytes, by adenoviral gene transfer. In the absence of E1B, E1A was cytotoxic, with features typical of apoptosis. In the presence of E1B, E1A preferentially inhibited transcription of cardiac-restricted alpha-actin promoters, and reactivated DNA synthesis in cardiac myocytes, without cell death. Mutations that abrogate known activities of the amino terminus of E1A, versus conserved region 2, demonstrate that the "pocket" protein- and p300-binding domains each suffice, in the absence of the other, for transcriptional repression and re-entry into S phase.
Structural effects induced by mutagenesis affected by crystal packing factors: The structure of a 30–51 disulfide mutant of basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (1992)

The X-ray structure of the C30V/C51A disulfide mutant of basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been analyzed at 1.6 A resolution. The mutant crystallizes in a cell having two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The packing environments of these two molecules are quite different, allowing for an assessment of which among the observed structural changes result from the mutation and which are produced by lattice packing considerations. The removal of the 30-51 disulfide bridge has little apparent affect on the B-factors of segments of adjacent polypeptide chain, although there are distinct differences in the structure compared to wild-type BPTI crystal structures. Both of the two C30V/C51A molecules show differences at the mutation site when compared to another 30-51 disulfide mutant, C30A/C51A, presumably due to the larger steric bulk of a valine versus an alanine at residue 30. A comparison of the two independent C30V/C51A molecules indicates that there are significant differences between them even at the site of mutation. The description of the specific structural differences of each molecule differs in detail and suggests different conclusions about the nature of structural perturbation near 30-51. In addition, when these two molecules are compared to two different wild-type structures, which had been determined from different space groups, a somewhat different pattern of changes is observed. These findings indicate that crystal packing can influence the observed perturbations in mutant structures.
Multimodal Distributional Semantics (2014)

Distributional semantic models derive computational representations of word meaning from the patterns of co-occurrence of words in text. Such models have been a success story of computational linguistics, being able to provide reliable estimates of semantic relatedness for the many semantic tasks requiring them. However, distributional models extract meaning information exclusively from text, which is an extremely impoverished basis compared to the rich perceptual sources that ground human semantic knowledge. We address the lack of perceptual grounding of distributional models by exploiting computer vision techniques that automatically identify discrete visual words in images, so that the distributional representation of a word can be extended to also encompass its co-occurrence with the visual words of images it is associated with. We propose a flexible architecture to integrate text- and image-based distributional information, and we show in a set of empirical tests that our integrated model is superior to the purely text-based approach, and it provides somewhat complementary semantic information with respect to the latter.
NMR study of hydroxy protons of di‐ and trimannosides, substructures of Man‐9 (2007)

The chemical shifts, temperature coefficients and inter-residual rotating-frame Overhauser effect (ROE)s for the hydroxy protons of some alpha-(1,2)-, alpha-(1,3)- and alpha-(1,6)-linked di- and trimannosides have been measured for samples in 85% H2O/15% acetone-d6 solution. These mannosides, Manalpha(1-->2)ManalphaOMe (1) Manalpha(1-->3)ManalphaOMe (2), Manalpha(1-->6)ManalphaOMe (3), Manalpha(1-->2)Manalpha(1-->2)ManalphaOMe (4), Manalpha(1-->2)Manalpha(1-->3)ManalphaOMe (5), Manalpha(1-->2)Manalpha(1-->6)ManalphaOMe (6) and Manalpha(1-->3)[Manalpha1-->6]ManalphaOMe (7), are substructures of the N-glycan Man-9. The NMR data show that the hydration of each individual hydroxyl group in the di- and trisaccharides is very similar to the hydration of the corresponding hydroxyl in the monomeric methyl alpha-D-mannoside. No hydrogen-bond interactions were found to stabilize the conformations of the alpha-(1,2)- and alpha-(1,6)-linkages and the chemical shifts for the hydroxy proton resonances of the alpha-(1,6)-linkage indicated high-conformational flexibility. For the alpha-(1,3)-linkage, however, the downfield shift for the signal of O(2)H of the 3-substituted residue together with the ROE between this proton and H5' on the next residue suggest some weak inter-residue interactions.
Rejuvenation and Freezing of Outdated Stored Human Red Cells (1972)

Red cells stored in acid citrate dextrose for about 23 days, incubated with pyruvate, inosine, glucose, and phosphate for 60 minutes at 37°C, frozen with 40 per cent wt/vol of glycerol, stored at -80°C for 12 months, and then thawed and washed, had normal oxygen-transport function and 24-hour post-transfusion survivals of about 75 per cent. After red cells had been stored in acid citrate dextrose at 4°C for about 29 days, incubated with pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine, glycerolized, frozen, thawed, and washed, they had normal oxygen-transport function and 24-hour post-transfusion survivals of about 80 per cent. About 90 per cent of the red cells were recovered after rejuvenation, freezing, thawing, and washing. The washing procedure removed the added glycerol, products of hemolysis, the potentially toxic materials used for rejuvenation, the anticoagulant preservative, isoagglutinins, protein and nonprotein plasma components, and at least 95 per cent of the white cells and platelets.
Language networks in anophthalmia: maintained hierarchy of processing in ‘visual’ cortex (2012)

Imaging studies in blind subjects have consistently shown that sensory and cognitive tasks evoke activity in the occipital cortex, which is normally visual. The precise areas involved and degree of activation are dependent upon the cause and age of onset of blindness. Here, we investigated the cortical language network at rest and during an auditory covert naming task in five bilaterally anophthalmic subjects, who have never received visual input. When listening to auditory definitions and covertly retrieving words, these subjects activated lateral occipital cortex bilaterally in addition to the language areas activated in sighted controls. This activity was significantly greater than that present in a control condition of listening to reversed speech. The lateral occipital cortex was also recruited into a left-lateralized resting-state network that usually comprises anterior and posterior language areas. Levels of activation to the auditory naming and reversed speech conditions did not differ in the calcarine (striate) cortex. This primary 'visual' cortex was not recruited to the left-lateralized resting-state network and showed high interhemispheric correlation of activity at rest, as is typically seen in unimodal cortical areas. In contrast, the interhemispheric correlation of resting activity in extrastriate areas was reduced in anophthalmia to the level of cortical areas that are heteromodal, such as the inferior frontal gyrus. Previous imaging studies in the congenitally blind show that primary visual cortex is activated in higher-order tasks, such as language and memory to a greater extent than during more basic sensory processing, resulting in a reversal of the normal hierarchy of functional organization across 'visual' areas. Our data do not support such a pattern of organization in anophthalmia. Instead, the patterns of activity during task and the functional connectivity at rest are consistent with the known hierarchy of processing in these areas normally seen for vision. The differences in cortical organization between bilateral anophthalmia and other forms of congenital blindness are considered to be due to the total absence of stimulation in 'visual' cortex by light or retinal activity in the former condition, and suggests development of subcortical auditory input to the geniculo-striate pathway.
Process Dependence of Proton-Induced Degradation in GaN HEMTs (2010)

The 1.8-MeV proton radiation responses are compared for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown under Ga-rich, N-rich, and NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -rich conditions. The NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -rich devices are more susceptible to proton irradiation than the Ga-rich and N-rich devices. The 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise of the devices increases with increasing fluence. Density functional theory calculations show that N vacancies and Ga-N divacancies lead to enhanced noise in these devices.
Diverse path setup schemes in multi-domain optical networks (2008)

This paper proposes a new scheme for diverse path setup in multi-domain optical networks, and presents its applicability along with other existing schemes. Ability to setup diverse paths is an important feature to improve resiliency. Currently, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is standardizing tools for automating optical path provisioning across multiple domains, such as Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) signaling to instantiate optical paths, and Path Computation Element (PCE) to perform path computation. However, details on diverse path setup schemes require further analysis. There are several existing schemes for diverse path setup, but they have deficiencies. An enhanced scheme is proposed to overcome such deficiencies. Applicability of the proposed scheme is presented along with existing schemes by considering various aspects. This includes quantifying the ability to find diverse paths by simulations. Furthermore, this paper presents challenges for further study, including specific issues in multi-domain transparent optical networks and inter-carrier considerations.
The Importation of Indigo into Qajar Iran (2006)

L'industrie traditionnelle de tissage iranien consommait beaucoup d'indigo. Durant le XIX e siecle, sa consommation et donc son importation diminuerent a cause de la chute dans la production de textiles domestiques en Iran. Cette tendance a la baisse de la consommation de l'indigo s'accelera apres 1909, en raison de la hausse de la consommation de l'indigo synthetique. La fin attendue de l'emploi de l'indigo naturel fut retardee par la Premiere Guerre mondiale pendant laquelle les exportations allemandes s'arreterent. Apres 1921, l'Iran importa en quantites de plus en plus grandes de l'indigo synthetique, qui remplaca progressivement l'indigo naturel.
Amelioration of ischemia‐reperfusion–induced muscle injury by the recombinant human MG53 protein (2015)

Our data suggest that rhMG53 may be a potential therapy for protection against muscle trauma. A mouse model appears to be a better choice than a rat model for evaluating potential treatments for protecting skeletal muscle.
Electron beam proximity printing: Complementary-mask and level-to-level overlay with high accuracy (1985)

Electron-beam proximity printing (EBP) is a promising candidate for submicron lithography because it meets the stringent requirements for resolution, throughput, and image fidelity (here defined as registration and overlay). Registration and level-to-level overlay capabilities of EBP are reported in this paper. Two levels of a chip were exposed and processed subsequently, these levels represented by two different patterns in the same mask. Distortions of both patterns relative to each other, amounting up to several hundred nanometers, were detected. These distortions could be automatically compensated for during exposure to yield an average overlay better than 50 nm. Together with the low data scatter of 3σ&lt;170 nm, this indicates high performance of the EBP registration and distortion compensation procedure.
Relaxing loop-closing errors in 3D maps based on planar surface patches (2009)

3D mapping using large planar patches results in a compact and easily understandable representation of the environment as compared to point-cloud or voxel based representations. In this work, relaxation of loop-closing errors in a 3D map is presented. It is based on a plane-matching algorithm for correspondence-finding and least-squares registration of large planar patches fitted on 3D range-images. This method also provides covariance matrices for the pose-registration result. Based on this registration algorithm, a relaxation method utilizing these covariances is formulated. In particular, we exploit the plane-matcher properties that it provides an accurate rotation estimate, and that it can easily identify principal translational directions of uncertainty, to relax only the translation errors. This results in a closed-form solution that can be computed in a very fast manner, namely within a few milliseconds, as demonstrated by experimental results in an indoor locmotion test arena in form of a high bay rack.
Photo- and electro-active amorphous molecular materials: morphology, structures, and hole transport properties of tri(biphenyl-4-yl)amine (1994)

Tri(biphenyl-4-yl)amine is found to constitute a new class of photo- and electro-active amorphous molecular materials. The material readily forms an amorphous glass with a glass-transition temperature of 76 °C, as characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Its glass-forming properties are discussed in the light of its molecular and crystal structures determined by X-ray crystallography. The material in the glassy state shows a relatively high hole drift mobility of 1.5 × 10–4 cm–2 V–1 s–1 at an electric field of 2 × 105 V cm–1 at 20 °C. Temperature and electric-field dependencies of the hole drift mobility in the glassy state of TBA are discussed.
A broadcast/reduce architecture for high-speed data compression (2002)

The author presents a parallel architecture for high-speed data compression based on textual substitution using a sliding window. The architecture combines a systolic array with trees for data broadcast and reduction. Compression involves two steps. First, a match generator computes in parallel the maximal matches available at each position of the input. The generator uses a systolic array to hold the dictionary, a pipelined broadcast tree to deliver each input character simultaneously to every array cell, and a reduction tree to identify the largest available match each cycle. From this information a second process selects a match sequence exactly covering the input. Decoding mirrors encoding. The tree interconnect provides through-delay proportional to the log of the dictionary size, and pipelining reduces the effective per-character processing time to a single system cycle. A system data rate of 300 Mbit/sec is easily attainable. The author discusses layout issues arising from the tree interconnect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amidophosphoribosyltransferase Limits the Rate of Cell Growth-linked de Novo Purine Biosynthesis in the Presence of Constant Capacity of Salvage Purine Biosynthesis (1997)

Factors controlling relative flux rates of the de novo and salvage pathways of purine nucleotide biosynthesis during animal cell growth are not fully understood. To examine the relative role of each pathway for cell growth, three cell lines including CHO K1 (a wild-type Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cell line), CHO ade -A (an auxotrophic cell line deficient of amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATase), a presumed rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pathway), and CHO ade -A transfected with human ATase cDNA (-A+hATase) resulting in 30-350% of the ATase activity of CHO K1, were cultured in purine-rich or purine-free media. Based on the enzyme activities of ATase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, the metabolic rate of the de novo and salvage pathways, the rate of cell growth (growth rate) in three cell lines under various culture conditions, and the effect of hypoxanthine infusion on the metabolic rate of the de novo pathway in rat liver, we concluded the following. 1) In -A+hATase transfectants, ATase activity limits the rate of the de novo pathway, which is closely linked with the growth rate. 2) Purine nucleotides are synthesized preferentially by the salvage pathway as long as hypoxanthine, the most essential source of purine salvage, can be utilized, which was confirmed in rat liver in vivo by hypoxanthine infusion. The preferential usage of the salvage pathway results in sparing the energy expenditure required for de novo synthesis. 3) The regulatory capacity of the de novo pathway (about 200%) was larger than that of the salvage pathway (about 20%) with constant hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity.
A New Photometer for Measuring Screen Brightness (1974)

A new photometer has been designed for the measurement of screen brightness and other photometric parameters relating to projection quality. The photometer is a compact, handheld spot meter with see-through optics and an internal meter visible in the viewfinder. The photometer features a silicon photovoltaic cell and solid-state operational amplifiers for maximum accuracy, stability and repeatability, and a computer-designed glass filter for optimal matching to the spectral response of the human eye. The design, testing and application of the new photometer is described.
Bragg Reflection Characteristics of Millimeter Waves in a Periodically Plasma-Induced Semiconductor Waveguide (1986)

Theoretical analysis on the Bragg reflection characteristics of millimeter waves in a periodically plasma-induced semiconductor waveguide is presented. The plasma is assumed to be generated by light illumination. Numerical examples are given which show the dependence of the Bragg reflection characteristics on the length of the plasma-induced section and on the plasma density. Since the period can be changed by altering the illumination pattern, this type of periodic structure may be developed to tunable filters or tunable DBR oscillators for millimeter-wave region.
Antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases: microbiological basis and clinical applications. (2008)

The starting point for defining a therapy, whether in dentistry or the various areas of medicine, is to understand the aetiology and progression of the different illnesses. In this context, it is worth pointing out that periodontal diseases are a group of infections whose primary aetiological factor is the bacteria present in the oral cavity, especially those that colonize the supra- and subgingival tooth surfaces. Many advances, mainly those occurring over the last two decades, greatly facilitated understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of periodontitis, including the microbiota related to each type of disease and the host response. This knowledge has made it easier to indicate more specific therapy, including the use of systemic antibiotics. Systemically administered metronidazole, and especially the combination of metronidazole, amoxicillin and scaling and root planing (SRP) leads to a beneficial change in the composition of the subgingival microbiota by reducing pathogens and allowing the growth of host-compatible species. In addition, the combination of systemic antibiotics and a strict control of supragingival plaque during the active phase of therapy has been showing promising results in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
P159 Validation of the VitaloJAK™ 24 Hour Ambulatory Cough Monitor: Abstract P159 Table 1 (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Development of novel treatments for cough and its management are hampered by the lack of well validated objective cough frequency methodologies. Previous validations have been performed over limited time periods or in laboratory conditions not always representative of typical usage. We describe the rigorous validation of a semi-automated 24 hour ambulatory cough monitoring system (Vitalojak; Vitalograph; Buckinghamshire, England) operating in a manner which completely replicates routine practise. <h3>Methods</h3> In total 10 (4 female) patients (mean age 60.4 years [SD ±14.1] including 6 chronic cough, 2 asthma, 1 COPD and 1 healthy control underwent full 24 Hour ambulatory monitoring (VitaloJAK™). These recordings were manually counted by trained cough counters who also recorded the time at which each cough occurred. These 24 hour recordings were then compressed using custom designed compression software and the sensitivity to cough and the reduced file times were determined. Importantly in each case we confirmed that cough sounds identified in the compressed files were the same sounds identified by the trained manual cough counters in the full 24 hour recording. We tested the software algorithm using three distinct compression levels (1, 2 and 3). <h3>Results</h3> All results are presented as median (IQR). Sensitivities to cough (%) for compression levels 1, 2 and 3 are 100(100, 100), 100(99.53, 100) and 99.92(99.33, 100) and for reduced file times (minutes) 65.89 (62.40, 83.07), 43.21 (35.94, 57.23) and 26.30 (25.07,46.81) respectively (Table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The vitaloJAK™ is a reliable, robust and efficient tool for the objective measurement of cough frequency. Importantly it reduces 24 hour recordings by up to 98% whilst preserving close to 100% of recorded cough sounds. This development facilitates efficient and speedy manual cough counting and the level of compression achieved represents significant progress towards fully automated cough monitoring.