gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Recognition of Glucan Elicitor Signals between Rice and Soybean: β-Glucan Fragments from the Rice Blast Disease Fungus <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> That Elicit Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Suspension-Cultured Rice Cells (2000)

Partial acid/enzymatic hydrolysis of the beta-(1-->3, 1-->6)-glucan from the cell walls of the rice blast disease fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe grisea) released elicitor-active fragments that induced phytoalexin biosynthesis in suspension-cultured rice cells. From the digestion of the glucan by an endo-beta-(1-->3)-glucanase, one highly elicitor-active glucopentaose was purified as a reduced compound, tetraglucosyl glucitol. The structure of this tetraglucosyl glucitol as well as two other related tetraglucosyl glucitols was elucidated as follows: (1) Glcbeta(1-->3)Glcbeta(1-->3)(Glcbeta(1-->6)) Glcbeta(1-->3)Glucitol (most active fragment); (2) Glcbeta(1-->3)(Glcbeta(1-->6))Glcbeta(1-->3)Glcbeta (1-->3)Glucitol; and (3) Glcbeta(1-->6) Glcbeta(1-->3)Glcbeta(1-->3)Glcbeta(1-->3)Glucitol. However, a synthetic hexa-beta-glucoside, known as a minimal structural element for the phytoalexin elicitor for soybean cotyledon cells, did not induce phytoalexin biosynthesis in the rice cells. Conversely, the beta-glucan fragment from P. oryzae did not induce phytoalexin biosynthesis in the soybean cotyledon cells, indicating differences in the recognition of glucooligosaccharide elicitor signals in these two plants. Because rice cells have been shown to recognize chitin fragments larger than pentamers as potent elicitors, these results also indicate that the rice cells can recognize at least two types of oligosaccharides from fungal cell walls as signal molecules to initiate defense response.
SOC estimation based on OCV and online identification parameters of lithium ion batteries with ADALINE (2016)

The state of charge (SOC) is a critical parameter of a Li-ion battery, which is the most important energy storage in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the Smart Grid. An accurate on-line estimation of the SOC is important for forecasting the EV driving range and battery energy storage system (BESS) power dispatching. A good estimation of the SOC results from a good identification of the battery parameters. Reducing the algorithm complexity is important to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation results. Several methods of identification are used, among them; we use the adaptive neurons networks, ADALINE. The advantage of this approach is the speed of execution (fast training) as well as the possibility of interpreting these weights. In this paper, after considering a resistor-capacitor (2RC) circuit-equivalent model for the battery, a parameter identification technique is applied to the real current and voltage data to estimate and update the parameters of the battery at each step. Subsequently, a reduced-order linear observer is designed for this continuously updating model to estimate the SOC as one of the states of the battery system. In designing the observer, a mixture of Coulomb counting and VOC algorithm is combined with the adaptive parameter-updating approach based on the ADALINE.
DeVine<sup>®</sup>—The Way It Was Developed—An Industrialist's View (1986)

The use of biological control agents for the control of noxious pests is not new conceptual research. There are examples that predate by centuries the modern use of both herbicides and insecticides. For example, the successful control of insects by biological control was shown in 1762 by the introduction of the Mynah bird ( Gracula religiosa Linnaeus) from India to Mauritius (4). In 1888, the Vedalia beetle ( Rodolia cardinalis Muslant) was introduced to control the cottony-cushion scale ( Icerya purchasi Maskell) of citrus (3). An example of biological control of weeds was reported in 1863 when it was observed that an infestation of prickly pear cactus ( Opuntia humifusa Raf. # OPUHU) was decimated by the imported cochineal insect ( Dactylopius tomentosus Lam.) (5).
Spin-State Crossover and Hyperfine Interactions of Ferric Iron in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>MgSiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Perovskite (2011)

Using density functional theory plus Hubbard U calculations, we show that the ground state of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Fe)O(3) perovskite, the major mineral phase in Earth's lower mantle, has high-spin ferric iron (S=5/2) at both dodecahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. With increasing pressure, the B-site iron undergoes a spin-state crossover to the low-spin state (S=1/2) between 40 and 70 GPa, while the A-site iron remains in the high-spin state. This B-site spin-state crossover is accompanied by a noticeable volume reduction and an increase in quadrupole splitting, consistent with recent x-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. The anomalous volume reduction leads to a significant softening in bulk modulus during the crossover, suggesting a possible source of seismic-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle.
Ti:LiNbO_3 Integrated optics for high-speed fiber communication (1988)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text STEVEN K. KOROTKY, "Ti:LiNbO3 Integrated optics for high-speed fiber communication," Optics News 14(2), 17-20 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Nd:YAG single-crystal fiber laser: Room-temperature cw operation using a single LED as an end pump (1976)

cw laser action has been obtained using as-grown single-crystal Nd:YAG fibers end-pumped by a single high-radiance LED. The fibers were 0.5 cm long and 80 μm in diameter, and the diameter of the LED luminous area was 85 μm. The lowest cw laser threshold was observed at a diode drive current of 45 mA.
On the hardware design for DES cipher in tamper resistant devices against differential fault analysis (2002)

In the past 20 years, DES has been the most widely used symmetric block cipher for information security. Recently, a novel method called Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) has been proposed to attack DES. Under the assumption that the attacker can induce errors into the cipher device, the key of DES can be unveiled easily. The assumed technique is not mature today, but is like to appear in the near future, especially for attacking a tamper resistant device with an embedded DES VLSI chip. In this paper, we proposed a new hardware design for the DES cipher to resist DFA. By adding some protection circuitry, all the unidirectional faults induced into the registers of a DES chip can be detected, and then alter to the cryptosystem immediately. A hardware emulation experiment using Altera's CPLD chip shows the effectiveness of the protection design.
Reversible Modification of Lysine: Separation of Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Yeast (1982)

Cyclic acid anhydride-modified ∈-NH2 groups of proteins destabilized the noncovalent interactions in yeast nucleoprotein complex facilitating the separation of nucleic acids from the modified protein at pH 4.0-4.2. Proteins modified using cyclic anhydride containing β-diene structure (cis double bond) were removed under acidic conditions rendering lysine nutritionally available. In this review, the application of reversible modifying reagents of the ∈-NH2 group of protein to separate nucleic acids and to isolate yeast proteins in an undenatured form is described.
A high performance 0.35 μm logic technology for 3.3 V and 2.5 V operation (2002)

A 0.35 /spl mu/m logic technology has been developed with high performance transistors and four layers of planarized interconnect. A 3.3 V BiCMOS version is used for compatibility with 3.3 V and 5.0 V I/Os. A 2.5 V CMOS version is used for increased performance, lower power and lower cost. 3.3 V CMOS devices have channel lengths of <0.25 /spl mu/m and 2.5 V devices have channel lengths of <0.20 /spl mu/m. Using a CV/I performance metric, these are the fastest devices reported to date using 0.35 /spl mu/m lithography. 1 Mbit SRAMs have been built using this technology with a 20.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6 T cell size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The productivity puzzle: Is it just about the data? (2014)

Measuring construction industry productivity at any level above that of site activities such as bricklaying or plastering remains a vexed question. A variety of methods have been developed and tested but results are often far from consistent with different methods that appear equally valid in theory producing quite different results. A recent study conducted in Australia demonstrated the application of different methods that produced some similar results but with some care required in the analysis of the outcomes. Another example showed large variations in results following the application of a similar method to different yet apparently equally valid datasets. Analysis of these studies shows that it seems likely that the differences are often a function of the quality of the data rather than the underpinning theory. The second example displayed methodological problems as well as data reliability issues.
Communication-Driven Localization and Mapping for Millimeter Wave Networks (2018)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications are an essential component of 5G-and-beyond ultra-dense Gbit/s wireless networks, but also pose significant challenges related to the communication environment. Especially beam-training and tracking, device association, and fast handovers for highly directional mmWave links may potentially incur a high overhead. At the same time, such mechanisms would benefit greatly from accurate knowledge about the environment and device locations that can be provided through simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. In this paper we tackle the above issues by proposing CLAM, a distributed mmWave SLAM algorithm that works with no initial information about the network deployment or the environment, and achieves low computational complexity thanks to a fundamental reformulation of the angle-differences-of-arrival mm Wave anchor location estimation problem. All information required by CLAM is collected by a mmWave device thanks to beam training and tracking mechanisms inherent to mm Wave networks, at no additional overhead. Our results show that CLAM achieves submeter accuracy in the great majority of cases. These results are validated via an extensive experimental measurement campaign carried out with 60-GHz mmWave hardware.
Inhibiting the inhibitors (2013)

It has been known for many years that the immune system can actively respond to (pre)neoplastic cells and prevent oncogenesis (a concept known as cancer immunosurveillance).1 However, in most cases...
Simultaneous determination of active compounds in <scp> <i>Piper betle</i> </scp> Linn. leaf extract and effect of extracting solvents on bioactivity (2020)

Abstract In the present study, we reported the codetermination of highly bioactive compounds, namely, hydroxychavicol, eugenol, and gallic acid in the Piper betle Linn. leaf extract by high‐performance liquid chromatography method. These compounds are of great interest in the pharmaceutical field and also in other food‐related applications owing to their impressive biological and pharmaceutical properties. Moreover, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the extracts produced by different extracting solvents were also investigated in detail. The methanol extract was found to contain the highest amounts of hydroxychavicol and gallic acid thus offering the strongest antioxidant activity in 1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. All the three compounds were found at low levels in the hexane extract. However, the solvent type did not affect significantly on the concentration of extracted eugenol. The ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited strong inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus , and Salmonella typhimurium whereas the hexane extract showed negligible antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that ethyl acetate is a good choice to produce a highly antibacterial extract but methanol and ethanol are more suitable when the antioxidant activity of the extract is more concerned.
Transmission of stability (telestability) in deoxyribonucleic acid. Physical and enzymatic studies on the duplex block polymer d(C15A15) - d(T15G15). (1975)

The properties of the duplex block polymer d(C15A15) - d(T15G15) were examined by thermal denaturation and nuclease susceptibility studies in the absence and presence of drugs (actinomycin and netropsin) which bind specifically to only one end of the block polymer. The nucleotide composition of one region of this synthetic double-helical DNA affected the properties of a contiguous but remote region. Furthermore, the binding of actinomycin influenced the properties of both the binding and nonbinding regions. These findings suggest a mechanism for gene regulation at a distance.
An X-ray diffraction study of semiconductor and metallic vanadium dioxide (1993)

Powder diffraction data for semiconductor and metallic states of vanadium dioxide are presented. The structures are refined by Rietveld methods using a monoclinic cell ( a = 5.7529Å, b = 4.5263Å, c = 5.3825Å, β = 122.61°) and space group P2 1 / c for the room temperature data, and a tetragonal cell ( a =4.5540Å, c = 2.8557Å) and space group P4 2 /mnm for data collected at 400 K. The similarity between the corresponding X-ray diffraction patterns is discussed. The transition process from the monoclinic to tetragonal phase is investigated and initial evidence for the coexistence of phases over a small temperature range is presented.
Schottky photodetector with tapered thin metal strip on silicon waveguide (2017)

We propose a Schottky photodetector with tapered thin metal strip on SOI platform. Schottky photodetector can detect photons below the semiconductor bandgap energy by exploiting the internal photoemission. In the internal photoemission process, the hot carriers generate in the tapered thin metal strip where light absorption occurs, and part of these carriers can be emitted over the Schottky barrier and collected as photocurrent. The small thickness of the tapered metal strip contributes to a high internal quantum efficiency of 11.25%. This metal-semiconductor structure acts as a photonics-plasmonics mode convertor. According to 3D-FDTD simulation, about 95.8% of the incident optical power can be absorbed in the absorption area within 4.5μm at wavelength of 1550 nm. The responsivity is estimated to be 0.135A/W at 1550 nm. This compact design with a low dark current has a minimum detectable power of -23.15 dβm. We argue that this design can promote the progress of all-Si photo-detection in near-infrared communication band.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding a murine sialic acid-specific 9- O-acetylesterase and RNA expression in cells of hematopoietic and non- hematopoietic origin (1996)

We describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding a murine sialic acid-specific 9-O-acetylesterase as well as its expression pattern in cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin. This enzyme catalyzes the removal of O-acetyl ester groups from position 9 of the parent sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid. The cDNA is 2105 nt in length and encodes a protein of 541 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 61 kDa, not including oligosaccharides linked to eight potential N-glycosylation sites. The cDNA encoding the acetylesterase displays a widespread distribution in various cell lines and tissues. Expression studies of B lineage cell lines and primary fetal liver cells revealed a developmentally regulated expression pattern in cells of hematopoietic origin. Given the importance of 9-O-acetylation of sialic acids, the cloning of the cDNA encoding a sialic acid-specific 9-O-acetylesterase will be helpful in understanding further the regulation of this post-translational modification and the biological consequences thereof.
Comprehensive overview of theories for sandwich panels (1998)

This paper gives a comprehensive overview of theories for sandwich panels, dealing with the mechanical behaviour. The classical theories are mainly formulated during the fifties and sixties. The derived analytical solutions are based on simplified assumptions. To study local effects near supports, load points and other discontinuities, superposition approaches and higher-order theories have been developed during recent years. Mostly these derivations can only be solved with the use of numerical solving techniques. Finite-element methods developed during the last two decades, are an alternative for the analytical solutions. The three-layer models seems to be very popular, but also more detailed three-dimensional models are usefull. One application of sandwich panels is discussed more in detail, for the building sector the development of design rules is reviewed. It is observed that the rules used nowadays are mainly based on classical theories. To illustrate the advantages of the other theories in case of local sandwich behaviour, an example of a sandwich beam under three point bending is presented. This paper concludes with suggestions how to make use of these recently developed sandwich theories.
A Holistic Approach to ARP Poisoning and Countermeasures by Using PracticalExamples and Paradigm (2014)

The main purpose of this Paper is to discuss the mechanism and detection of ARP spoofing. It can be said that an Address Resolution Protocol, simply known as ARP, plays an essential part in Computer Science and Forensics. Nowadays, there are many people who use computer hacking techniques like ARP spoofing to send fake ARP messages on a Local Area Network (LAN). Such attacks may result in traffic alteration, or even worse, in a temporary or permanent interruption of traffic. In spite of the fact that this attack is limited to networks which have Address Resolution Protocols, ARP spoofing can be the first step to being subjected to more serious attacks capable of causing much more damage. When someone wants to initiate this kind of attack, he will look for the weak points of the Address Resolution Protocol. For example, he may be seeking to exploit vulnerabilities such as its inability to successfully authenticate the person who is sending the message. This can make it particularly easy for hackers to modify or steal people’s data. ARP Spoofing represents a real threat to the security of all users from the network and that is why, all the measures necessary to reduce damage must be taken.
Ion-selective electrodes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-selective electrodesRobert L. SolskyRobert L. SolskyMore by Robert L. SolskyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 12, 21–33Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00211a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00211a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views893Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A hierarchical processor scheduling policy for distributed-memory multicomputer systems (2002)

Processor scheduling policies for distributed memory systems can be divided into space sharing or time sharing policies. In space sharing, the set of processors in the system is partitioned and each partition is assigned for the exclusive use of a job. In time sharing policies, on the other hand, none of the processors is given exclusively to jobs; instead, several jobs share the processors (for example, in a round robin fashion). There are advantages and disadvantages associated with each type of policy. Typically, space sharing policies are good at low to moderate system loads and when job parallelism does not vary much. However, at high system loads and widely varying job parallelism, time sharing policies provide a better performance. We propose a new policy that is based on a hierarchical organization that incorporates the merits of these two types of policies. The new policy is a hybrid policy that uses both space sharing as well as time sharing to achieve better performance. We demonstrate that, at most system loads of interest, the proposed policy outperforms both space sharing and time sharing policies by a wide margin.
Synergistic effects of glycoprotein 130 binding cytokines in combination with interleukin-1 on cartilage collagen breakdown (2001)

This study demonstrates that IL-6 can mimic OSM in synergizing with IL-1alpha to induce chondrocyte-mediated cartilage collagen breakdown and collagenase production. In order to have this effect, IL-6 requires the presence of its soluble receptor. The apparent absence of LIFR explains why other gp130 binding cytokines do not act in synergy with IL-1alpha. Since OSM, IL-6, and sIL-6R levels have all been shown to be elevated in the rheumatoid joint, our findings suggest that these cytokines may be key mediators of cartilage collagen catabolism in the inflammatory arthritides.
Nanoscale Engineering and Optical Addressing of Single Spins in Diamond (2010)

The artificial creation of shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond with 25 nm lateral resolution is performed by collimated implantation of low-energy nitrogen ions. The electron spin associated to this defect is the most promising qubit for a scalable quantum computer working at room temperature. Individual optical addressing of two single centres separated by only 16 nm is demonstrated with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.