gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability of the G Glycoprotein Gene of Human Metapneumovirus (2004)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been associated with respiratory illnesses like those caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection. Similar to other pneumoviruses, genetic diversity has been reported for hMPV. Little information is currently available on the genetic variability of the G glycoprotein (G), which is the most variable gene in RSV and avian pneumovirus. The complete nucleotide sequences of the G open reading frame (ORF) of 24 Canadian hMPV isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two major groups or clusters (1 and 2). All but one of the hMPV isolates that we examined belonged to cluster 1. Additional genetic variability was observed in cluster 1, which separated into two genetic subclusters. Within cluster 1 the nucleotide sequence identity for the G ORF was 74.2 to 100%, and the identity for the predicted amino acid sequence was 61.4 to 100%. The G genes of cluster 1 isolates were more divergent from the cluster 2 isolates, with 45.6 to 50.5% and 34.2 to 37.2% identity levels for the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. Sequence analysis also revealed changes in stop codon usage, resulting in G proteins of different lengths (217, 219, 228, and 236 residues). Western blot analysis with the use of hMPV-specific polyclonal antisera to each hMPV cluster showed significant antigenic divergence between the G proteins of clusters 1 and 2. These results suggest that the G protein of hMPV is continuously evolving and that the genetic diversity observed for the hMPV genes is reflected in the antigenic variability, similar to HRSV.
Gingival Transcriptome Patterns During Induction and Resolution of Experimental Gingivitis in Humans (2009)

A relatively small subset (11.9%) of the immune response genes analyzed by array was transiently activated in response to biofilm overgrowth, suggesting a degree of specificity in the transcriptome-expression response. The fact that this same subset demonstrates a reversal in expression patterns during clinical resolution implicates these genes as being critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis at the biofilm-gingival interface. In addition to the immune response pathway as the dominant response theme, new candidate genes and pathways were identified as being selectively modulated in experimental gingivitis, including neural processes, epithelial defenses, angiogenesis, and wound healing.
Suppression of waveform distortion in semiconductoroptical amplifier using internal birefringence and slope filtering (2001)

A novel method for suppressing waveform distortion in semiconductor optical amplifiers is proposed and experimentally investigated. The results show that the signal distortion and pattern effect are reduced significantly and that an increase in the input dynamic range of > 5 dB is achieved.
Activities of Urease and Pepsin Monolayers (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivities of Urease and Pepsin MonolayersIrving Langmuir and Vincent J. SchaeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1351–1360Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views983Altmetric-Citations295LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Electrochromic materials and their applications in foil-based devices</title> (2003)

Electrochromic films based on oxides of W, Ni, and Ir were made by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Enhancements of the bleached-state transmittance, by adding Al or Mg to oxides of Ni or Ir, were documented. Sputtering of W oxide in the presence of hydrogen, and post-deposition treatment of Ni oxide in ozone, produced charge balancing of the components of the electrochromic device in a way that enabled facile assembly by lamination.
State-of-the-art HgCdTe infrared devices (2000)

Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) material growth, detector array fabrication and read out integrated circuit (ROIC) design and fabrication technologies have continued to advance and have led to the demonstration of high resolution, low noise and large format reliable hybrid IR Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPAs). MBE HgCdTe-based p-on-n planar heterostructure device technology has matured to a point that high performance IRFPAs are being fabricated routinely for applications in the 1-16micrometers spectral region. Control and flexibility have proven to be distinct advantages of MBE. Rapid advances in the commercial submicron Si-CMOS process continue to allow increasing functionality on ROICs. Hybrid focal pane arrays, formed by cold welding of indium columns deposited on the detector and the ROIC, are being fabricated to suit a broad range of military, civilian and scientific applications. High performance HgCdTe/CdZnTe 256 by 256, 640 by 480 and 1024 by 1024 focal plane arrays operating over a broad range of wavelengths, temperatures, and background radiation flux, have been produced. To mitigate issues associated with the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between Si ROIC and CdZnTe substrate, growth of HgCdTe on alternate substrates, such as Si and sapphire, has been developed for large, 1024 by 1024 and 2048 by 2048 HgCdTe FPAs operating in the Short Wavelength IR (SWIR) 0.9-2.5 micrometers and mid wavelength IR 2.5-5.5 micrometers spectral bands. Simultaneous two-color IR imaging has been proven feasible, suing MBE in situ grow multilayer structures. Hybrid visible silicon imager, where detectors are processed on silicon and hybridized to the same ROIC fabricated originally for HgCdTe devices, is emerging as a competitive technology for imagin in the 0.3-1.05 micrometers spectral region. This paper provides an overview of the status of HgCdTe materials, detectors and FPA technologies at Rockwell Science Center.
A weakly random Universe? (2011)

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is characterized by well-established scales, the 2.7 K temperature of the Planckian spectrum and the 10-5 amplitude of the temperature anisotropy. These features were instrumental in indicating the hot and equilibrium phases of the early history of the Universe and its large-scale isotropy, respectively. We now reveal one more intrinsic scale in CMB properties. We introduce a method developed originally by Kolmogorov, which quantifies a degree of randomness (chaos) in a set of numbers, such as measurements of the CMB temperature in a given region. Considering CMB as a composition of random and regular signals, we solve the inverse problem of recovering of their mutual fractions from the temperature sky maps. Deriving the empirical Kolmogorov's function in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe's maps, we obtain the fraction of the random signal to be about 20 per cent; i.e., the cosmological sky is a weakly random one. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Arnold (1937-2010).
Narrow‐Band Green‐Emitting Sr<sub>2</sub>MgAl<sub>22</sub>O<sub>36</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> Phosphors with Superior Thermal Stability and Wide Color Gamut for Backlighting Display Applications (2019)

Abstract The narrow‐band emitting phosphors have been extensively investigated in recent years, with the expectation that a wide color gamut of phosphor‐converted backlighting device could be fabricated. Due to the weak electric–phonon interaction and low structural relaxation caused by the high rigid crystal structure and symmetric coordination environment, Sr 2 MgAl 22 O 36 :Mn 2+ (SMAO:Mn 2+ ) shows a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 26 nm, a high color purity of 81.5%, and a low thermal quenching (82% at 473 K of the initial intensity at 298 K). Using K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ as the red phosphor, SMAO:Mn 2+ as the green one, and GaN‐based chip as the blue component, the white light‐emitting diode exhibits a National Television Standard Committee value of 127%. All the results demonstrate that the SMAO:Mn 2+ phosphor has a promising application in the field of advanced wide‐color‐gamut backlight display, and the establishment of the relationships between the narrow‐band emission and crystal structure can also be applied to design other novel narrow‐band phosphors for backlighting technologies.
INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENESIS OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS (2012)

Intracellular pathogen F. tularensis is a causative agent of tularemia disease and belongs to the most hazardeous pathogen worldwide, categorized by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA (CDC) as a category A agent. However, no safe and licensed vaccine for prevention a F. tularensis infection is available for vaccination. Tularemia is manifested by several forms depending on a route of infection and virulence of a F. tularensis strain. Essential to a development of the disease is the ability to infect, survive and proliferate inside the mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages or dendritic cells. Therefore, this review will discuss aspects of F. tularensis intracellular fate within host macrophages, modulate host signaling pathways to benefit Francisella infection and finally, summarize bacterial determinats involved in the process of phagosomal escape and intracellular replication.
The Energy Flow Management and Battery Energy Capacity Determination for the Drive Train of Electrically Peaking Hybrid Vehicle (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the configuration of a parallel hybrid vehicle, called electrically peaking hybrid (ELPH) vehicle is introduced. Several operation modes of the engine and electric motor and different control strategies are analyzed. The results show that, with proper selection of the drivetrain parameters, the vehicle can satisfy the urban and highway driving with a small internal combustion engine, a small battery pack and a single gear transmission. Moreover, the vehicle does not need to charge the battery pack from the electricity network for keeping its battery SOC at a reasonable level.</div>
A multi‐block lattice Boltzmann method for viscous fluid flows (2002)

Abstract Compared to the Navier–Stokes equation‐based approach, the method of lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) offers an alternative treatment for fluid dynamics. The LBE method often employs uniform lattices to maintain a compact and efficient computational procedure, which makes it less efficient to perform flow simulations when there is a need for high resolution near the body and/or there is a far‐field boundary. To resolve these difficulties, a multi‐block method is developed. An accurate, conservative interface treatment between neighboring blocks is adopted, and demonstrated that it satisfies the continuity of mass, momentum, and stresses across the interface. Several test cases are employed to assess accuracy improvement with respect to grid refinement, the impact of the corner singularity, and the Reynolds number scaling. The present multi‐block method can substantially improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of the LBE method for viscous flow computations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground-Penetrating Radar (2014)

This chapter discusses the design of a pulsed-ground penetrating radar (GPR) system, radar transmitters, radar receivers and radar antennas. Chapter Contents: 15.1 Overview 15.2 Pulsed Ground-Penetrating Radar System Design 15.3 GPR System Implementation and Test Results 15.4 Conclusions 15.5 References Inspec keywords: radar receivers; radar antennas; radar transmitters Other keywords: GPR; radar antennas; radar transmitters; pulsed-ground penetrating radar system; radar receivers Subjects: Single antennas; Radar equipment, systems and applications
Therapy Made Easy (2017)

In China, the rise of e-commerce has made significant impacts on a broad range of business and professional fields; psychotherapy, a profession born of the recent “psycho-boom” (xinli re 心理热), is one of them. This article, using materials collected from interviews, participant observation, and media accounts, delineates the development of Jiandan xinli (简单心理), a Beijing-based startup that features an e-commerce platform for psychotherapy services, and explicates how and why it has achieved enormous initial success. Drawing on the insights of anthropological studies of infrastructure, it argues that the platform can be conceptualised as an example of “infrastructural entrepreneurship,” a business practice taking the construction of infrastructure—in this case, for the field of psychotherapy—as its primary mission.
Extending the life of wind turbine blade leading edges by reducing the tip speed during extreme precipitation events (2018)

Abstract. Impact fatigue caused by collision with rain droplets, hail stones and other airborne particles, also known as leading-edge erosion, is a severe problem for wind turbine blades. Each impact on the leading edge adds an increment to the accumulated damage in the material. After a number of impacts the leading-edge material will crack. This paper presents and supports the hypothesis that the vast majority of the damage accumulated in the leading edge is imposed at extreme precipitation condition events, which occur during a very small fraction of the turbine's operation life. By reducing the tip speed of the blades during these events, the service life of the leading edges significantly increases from a few years to the full expected lifetime of the wind turbine. This life extension may cost a negligible reduction in annual energy production (AEP) in the worst case, and in the best case a significant increase in AEP will be achieved.
An improved method for quantification of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a "popcorn"-like aroma, in aromatic rice by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved method for quantification of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a "popcorn"-like aroma, in aromatic rice by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoringUraiwan Tanchotikul and Thomas C. Y. HsiehCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 5, 944–947Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00005a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (480 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Bulk superconductivity at an elevated temperature (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>≊12 K) in a nickel containing alloy system Y-Ni-B-C (1994)

We report here our discovery of bulk superconductivity at rather high ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in samples having nominal compositions ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{BO}}_{0.2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}12.5 K) and ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{0.2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}13.5 K). While ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{BC}}_{0.2}$ seems to be a single phase material, ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{0.2}$ is a multiphase system. Our experimental results show that the two materials are distinct superconductors. Discovery of superconductivity in these materials is of significance since not only is their ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ high (>10 K) but they also have nickel in large proportions. No nickel-based ternary superconductor was previously known.
Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection (2003)

In this paper, we present a real-time pedestrian detection system that uses a pair of moving cameras to detect both stationary and moving pedestrians in crowded environments. This is achieved through stereo-based segmentation and neural network-based recognition. Stereo-based segmentation allows us to extract objects from a changing background; neural network-based recognition allows us to identify pedestrians in various poses, shapes, sizes, clothing, occlusion status. The experiments on a large number of urban street scenes demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in terms of pedestrian detection rate and frame processing rate.
Expanding the versatility of a more accurate accelerated Monte Carlo simulation for 3D PET: data correction of PET emission scans using /sup 124/I (2002)

Our Monte Carlo PET simulation for a 3D PET scan is able to simulate /spl sim/5 million coincidence events per minute per minute on 300MHz Sun dual processor workstation. This Is over two orders of magnitude faster than most other available Monte Carlo simulations for 3D PET and is fast enough to be employed as a scatter correction for 3D PET imaging. We have improved the accuracy of our simulation of a clinical ECAT HR+ scanner by analyzing the effect of the energy response of the detectors on simulated sinograms. We created a modified version of our simulation for 3D PET scans using /sup 124/I. Our initial version was five times slower than our simulation for FDG scans. We analyzed the distribution of the simulated detected coincidence events involving gamma rays and proposed an analytical method that corrected for these events. We found that this correction is subject to errors that can be exacerbated when used in conjunction with an analytical scatter correction that scales to the measured sinogram's scatter tail. To reduce error, we have developed a faster, more detailed simulation for /sup 124/I. We are currently investigating the possibly of a fully Monte Carlo correction for both scatter and gamma ray coincidences in the future.
Evaluation of Sample Recovery of Malodorous Livestock Gases from Air Sampling Bags, Solid-Phase Microextraction Fibers, Tenax TA Sorbent Tubes, and Sampling Canisters (2005)

Odorous gases associated with livestock operations are complex mixtures of hundreds if not thousands of compounds. Research is needed to know how best to sample and analyze these compounds. The main objective of this research was to compare recoveries of a standard gas mixture of 11 odorous compounds from the Carboxen/PDMS 75-microm solid-phase microextraction fibers, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF; Tedlar), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP; Teflon), foil, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET; Melinex) air sampling bags, sorbent 2,b-diphenylene-oxide polymer resin (Tenax TA) tubes, and standard 6-L Stabilizer sampling canisters after sample storage for 0.5, 24, and 120 (for sorbent tubes only) hrs at room temperature. The standard gas mixture consisted of 7 volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acetic to hexanoic, and 4 semivolatile organic compounds including p-cresol, indole, 4-ethylphenol, and 2'-aminoacetophenone with concentrations ranging from 5.1 ppb for indole to 1270 ppb for acetic acid. On average, SPME had the highest mean recovery for all 11 gases of 106.2%, and 98.3% for 0.5- and 24-hr sample storage time, respectively. This was followed by the Tenax TA sorbent tubes (94.8% and 88.3%) for 24 and 120 hr, respectively; PET bags (71.7% and 47.2%), FEP bags (75.4% and 39.4%), commercial Tedlar bags (67.6% and 22.7%), in-house-made Tedlar bags (47.3% and 37.4%), foil bags (16.4% and 4.3%), and canisters (4.2% and 0.5%), for 0.5 and 24 hr, respectively. VFAs had higher recoveries than semivolatile organic compounds for all of the bags and canisters. New FEP bags and new foil bags had the lowest and the highest amounts of chemical impurities, respectively. New commercial Tedlar bags had measurable concentrations of N,N-dimethyl acetamide and phenol. Foil bags had measurable concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and hexanoic acids.
Serenics (1994)

The development of drugs, specifically aimed at reduction of pathological destructive behaviour in psychiatric patients, was started by our company halfway through the seventies. It was conceived, and this idea has been reinforced over the years, that pathologically destructive behaviour, sometimes called “aggressive”, “violent”, “agitated” or “dysfunctional”, presents a delicate problem in psychiatry. Such behaviour, which is often a secondary complication of an underlying organic disorder such as dementia, traumatic brain injury, or profound mental retardation, is very often severely troublesome to family care-givers and leads to their unwilling commitment of their loved ones to institutional care. After these patients are institutionalized, their behaviour often continues to pose serious management problems. In some cases various behavioural modification techniques may facilitate functional integration within the institutional community. However, these techniques are labour intensive and not invariably successful. In most institutions, a residue of patients exhibiting significant destructive behaviour remains. These individuals demand a disproportionate measure of staff time, may require isolation and even physical or chemical restraint to protect other patients, the staff or themselves from undue risk of injury.
Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq (2014)

Iraq is specific in having its own most predominant lineage (SIT1144/T1) which is not found among neighboring countries. The 15-locus MIRU-VNTR can be useful in discriminating M. tuberculosis isolates in Iraq.