gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Central Metastin in the Regulation of Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge and Estrous Cyclicity in Female Rats (2005)

Ovulation is caused by a sequence of neuroendocrine events: GnRH and LH surges that are induced by positive feedback action of estrogen secreted by the mature ovarian follicles. The central mechanism of positive feedback action of estrogen on GnRH/LH secretion, however, is not fully understood yet. The present study examined whether metastin, the product of metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1, is a central neuropeptide regulating GnRH/LH surge and then estrous cyclicity in the female rat. Metastin had a profound stimulation on LH secretion by acting on the preoptic area (POA), where most GnRH neurons projecting to the median eminence are located, because injection of metastin into the third ventricle or POA increased plasma LH concentrations in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats. Metastin neurons were immunohistochemically found in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) to be colocalized with estrogen receptors with some fibers in the preoptic area (POA) in close apposition with GnRH neuronal cell bodies or fibers. Quantitative RT-PCR has revealed that KiSS-1 and GPR54 mRNAs were expressed in the ARC and POA, respectively. The blockade of local metastin action in the POA with a specific monoclonal antibody to rat metastin completely abolished proestrous LH surge and inhibited estrous cyclicity. Metastin-immunoreactive cell bodies in the ARC showed a marked increase and c-Fos expression in the early proestrus afternoon compared with the day of diestrus. Thus, metastin released in the POA is involved in inducing the preovulatory LH surge and regulating estrous cyclicity.
An Evaluation of β-Propiolactone for the Sterilization of Fermentation Media (1961)

Twenty-five bacterial species were cultured in basal broth plus 1 of 19 different carbohydrates which were sterilized by Seitz filtration, autoclaving (112 C, 10 min), or exposure to 0.2% beta-propiolactone (BPL). No significant differences were found either in the visual observations for acid and gas, pH, or titrable acidity determinations after 3 days of incubation with any of the three preparations tested. An effort was made to further determine the effect of BPL and heat on carbohydrates by assaying for glucose before and after treatment. Results indicated that glucose was not degraded by 0.2% BPL, however, it was shown that autoclave temperatures caused extensive degradation. Statistical treatment of the results from Warburg studies indicated that BPL-treated glucose showed no appreciable toxic effects, although the actual oxygen uptake was not as great as with Seitz- or autoclave-treated glucose. The application of the BPL sterilization process was discussed.
Norovirus GII.4 Strain Antigenic Variation (2010)

Noroviruses are the principal cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Multiple reports have concluded that the major capsid proteins of GII.4 strains, which cause 80% of norovirus infections worldwide, are evolving rapidly, resulting in new epidemic strains. Surrogate neutralization assays using sera from outbreaks and from immunized mice suggest that, as with influenza virus, antigenic variation maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity. To test this hypothesis, mice were hyperimmunized with virus-like particles (VLPs) representing an early (GII.4-1987) and a contemporary (GII.4-2006) GII.4 strain. Anti-GII.4-1987 IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) strongly reacted with GII.4 VLPs derived between only 1987 and 2002. Ligand binding blockade was more efficient with GII.4-1987 and GII.4-1997 VLPs than with GII.4-2002. Anti-GII.4-2006 IgG MAbs recognized either a broad panel of GII.4 VLPs (1987 to 2006) or a subset of contemporary (2004 to 2006) VLPs. Most 2006 antibodies did not recognize or only poorly recognized GII.4 VLPs of 2007 or 2008, documenting rapid antigenic evolution of GII.4 capsids. Generally, 2006 MAbs blocked homotypic VLP-ligand binding but were unable to block VLPs representing strains primarily circulating during or earlier than 2002. These analyses demonstrate that both subtle and significant evolutionary change has occurred within antibody epitopes between epidemic strains, providing direct evidence that the GII.4 noroviruses are undergoing antigenic variation, likely in response to herd immunity. As with influenza virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus, norovirus antigenic variation will significantly influence the design of efficacious vaccines and immunotherapeutics against these important human pathogens.
[Computer-assisted microtelephotometric study of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the large intestine in patients with chronic nonspecific colitis]. (1997)

Computer-aided microtelephotometry showed that the mean size of the nuclei gradually increases and their shape changes, and the total content of Feulgen DNA increases in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis in proportion to the severity of dysplasia and malignant degeneration of the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine. In first-degree dysplasia the value os 2.8, in second degree 5.0, in third degree 6.9; in cribriform structures of adenocarcinoma 8.6, in poorly differentiated cancer cells 10.9, and in highly polymorphous sites of adenocarcinoma as high as 20. Mathematical expression of different degree of dysplasia and of adenocarcinoma of the large intestine will no doubt facilitate the differential diagnosis of these processes and help universally assess them. A new technology of histocytological investigations - computer-aided microtelephotometry - permits the use of all types of telecommunications for consultations to be carried out all over the country.
Chronic tension-type headache: where are we? (1999)

Primary headache syndromes may generally be distinguished as being either episodic, such as typical migraine or cluster headache, or chronic, such as chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) or hemicrania continua. In truth it is chronic headache, and most particularly chronic daily headache (CDH) in its various forms, that gives the sub-speciality of headache a bad name. Daily headache in all its manifestations probably effects 5% of the population (Scher et al ., 1998; Castillo et al ., 1999), of which about half is clear-cut, at least on clinical grounds, CTTH. If neurology is to take headache into the next century, as either necessity or interest dictate, then the common headache syndromes must be adequately understood and it is timely to think about daily headache.

It is on this background that we can greet the positive observations that Olesen's group report in this issue of Brain (Ashina et al. , 1999 a ), and the similarly challenging therapeutic data recently reported in The Lancet (Ashina et al. , 1999 b ). Two fundamental issues need to be answered in regard to CTTH: the first is its nature or basis, and the second, related issue is how TTH should be handled in terms of nosology. This new work contributes in some measure to both questions.

Crucial to any attempt to improve the management of CTTH in clinical practice is to develop an understanding of what the syndrome actually represents. The International Headache Society (IHS) Diagnostic Classification (Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society, 1988) sets out clear operational criteria, but they are essentially nihilistic. The IHS classification says more of what CTTH is not than of what it is: preferably …
A multipurpose immobilized biocatalyst with pectinase, xylanase and cellulase activities (2007)

A single multipurpose biocatalyst has been designed which can be used for carrying out three different and independent reactions; 1) hydrolysis of pectin, 2) hydrolysis of xylan and 3) hydrolysis of cellulose. The preparation is more stable at higher temperatures as compared to the free enzymes.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF CONIFERAE, II (1937)

Journal Article THE CLASSIFICATION OF CONIFERAE, II Get access J. BURTT DAVY J. BURTT DAVY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 11, Issue 2, 1937, Pages 122–123, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.forestry.a062697 Published: 01 October 1937
Pressure-composition isotherms for palladium hydride (1993)

We present Monte Carlo calculations of the pressure-composition isotherms of palladium hydride using recently constructed embedded-atom-method potentials and a Monte Carlo method that allows for volume equilibration as the composition varies.
Ejection force of tubular injection moldings. Part II: A prediction model (2005)

Abstract The integrated knowledge of the injection molding process and the material changes induced by processing is essential to guarantee the quality of technical parts. In the case of parts with deep cavities, quite often the ejection phase of the molding cycle is critical. Thus, in the mold design stage, the aspects associated with the ejection system will require special consideration. In particular, the prediction of the ejection force will contribute to optimizing the mold design and to guarantee the integrity of the moldings. In this work, a simulation algorithm based on a thermomechanical model is described and their predictions are compared with experimental data obtained from a fully‐instrumented mold (pressure, temperature, and force). Three common thermoplastics polymers were used for the tubular moldings: a semicrystalline polypropylene and two amorphous thermoplastics: polystyrene and polycarbonate. The thermomechanical model is based on the assumption of the polymer behavior changing from purely viscous to purely elastic below a transition point. This point corresponds to solidification determined by temperature in the case of amorphous materials and by critical crystallinity for semicrystalline polymers. The model results for the ejection force closely agree with the experimental data for the three materials used. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:325–332, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Identification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Target of Cdc25A Protein Phosphatase (2002)

Cdc25A, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in cell cycle progression. Although cyclin-dependent kinases are established substrates, Cdc25A may also affect other proteins. We have shown here that Cdc25A interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) both physically and functionally in Hep3B human hepatoma cells. Cdc25A inhibitor Cpd 5, a vitamin K analog, inhibited Cdc25A activity in the Cdc25A-EGFR immunocomplex and consequently caused prolonged EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Both purified GST-Cdc25A protein and endogenous Hep3B cellular Cdc25A dephosphorylated tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR, and Cpd 5 antagonized the phosphatase activity of Cdc25A. A functional Cdc25A-EGFR interaction was seen in NR-6 fibroblasts expressing ectopic EGFR but not with a receptor lacking the C terminus or a mutated kinase domain. These data link the cell cycle control Cdc25A phosphatase to an EGFR-linked mitogenic signaling pathway specifically involving EGFR dephosphorylation.
Surface activity of quaternary ammonium salts derived from jojoba oil (1990)

A number of cis and trans quatenary ammonium salts were synthesized from jojoba oil. All derivatives were found to be surface active agents, i.e., they reduced the surface tension to 35 dynes/cm −1 , at very low concentrations. The relationship between the surface activity and the molecular structure is discussed.
Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in patients with hemifacial spasm (1982)

Abstract Brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BSEP) were elicited and recorded from the spasm side and from the non‐spasm side of 39 patients operated upon to relieve hemifacial spasm. Thirty‐seven patients were studied before the microvascular decompression surgery at the root entry zone of the facial nerve was performed. Thirty‐one patients were studied 4 to 10 days postoperatively, and 7 were evaluated a second time, 6 weeks to 6 months after surgery. The latencies of peaks III and V of the ipsilaterally recorded BSEP were statistically significantly (p<0.05) larger on the spasm side than were those recorded on the non‐spasm side. The I to III interwove latencies did not show any statistically significant difference. This implies that the effects of hemifacial spasm are not limited to the facial nerve but extend to other cranial nerves and other parts of the brain stem than those involved in facial motor function. The pure tone thresholds recorded before and after the operations were essentially the same in the majority of the patients, were 10 to 15 dB lower in 13% of the patients postoperatively, and were 10 to 15 dB higher in 13% of the patients postoperatively. One patient suffered a moderate sensorineural low‐frequency hearing loss postoperatively.
Peptide-Based Anticancer Vaccines: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives (2009)

Anticancer active immunotherapy embodies the ideal antitumor therapy, as it theoretically combines target specificity with long-term disease control. Peptide-based cancer vaccines represent the most specific approach to polarize the immune system against malignant cells, since they are preparations made of single epitopes, the minimal immunogenic region of an antigen. Despite the strong rational, the promising preclinical results and the frequent induction of antigen-specific immune responses, peptide-based cancer vaccines have yielded relatively poor results in the clinical setting, a phenomenon likely due to the immunosuppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment that allow malignant cells to evade both naturally occurring and therapeutically induced immune surveillance. Nevertheless, advances in the engineering of peptides and in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying an effective immune response against tumors have renewed the enthusiasm for peptide-based vaccination regimens in the setting of cancer, and a variety of clinical trials are being conducted based on the use of peptides. This review will describe the most recent insights in the rational design of peptide-based cancer vaccines, as well as the challenges to successful anticancer immunotherapy based on these short amino acid chains.
Generation of Alkyl(dicarbonyl)(chloro)‐ruthenium Dimers in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Addition of Alkyl Formates to Ethylene (1997)

An ususual migration of the alkyl group away from the CO bond of added formate leads to strictly stereospecific formation of the stable ehtyl complex 2 when the catalytic addition of ethyl formate to ethylene (catalyst = 1) is terminated by freezing. Both ethylene and the alkyl formate act as sources of the alkyl groups and can thus be used for CC bond-forming reactions below ambient temperature. PPN+ = (Ph3P)2N+.
Interactive simulation of solid rigid bodies (1995)

The article describes the implementation of an interactive system for simulating rigid bodies with contact and friction. The system can simulate moderately complex mechanical systems at interactive rates (20-30 Hz on low end Silicon Graphics workstations). New objects and user specified constraints can be added into the simulation environment on the fly. The system uses analytical methods to compute contact forces, as opposed to the penalty methods common in other interactive systems. Currently, the system's weakest feature is that it can fail to detect high speed collisions. Objects that move at high speeds (relative to the step size of the simulation) are subject to a form of aliasing and may tunnel through other objects without causing a collision. Other simplifications of the system involve approximating collision times and locations by interpolation methods, and periodic error correction adjustments of geometric tolerances. It is difficult to try to quantify the error incurred by a given approximation or tradeoff. Some of the design choices will likely curtail the system's use for highly predictive applications. However, they do not seriously affect simulating the basic dynamics of a mechanism like a feeder. In general, the system performs with sufficient accuracy and realism to be considered a viable interactive simulation environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation (2012)

Absolute uterine factor infertility (UFI) refers to the refractory causes of female infertility stemming from the anatomical or physiological inability of a uterus to sustain gestation. Today, uterine factor infertility affects 3-5% of the population. Traditionally, although surrogacy and adoption have been the only viable options for females affected by this condition, the uterine transplant is currently under investigation as a potential medical alternative for women who desire to go through the experience of pregnancy. Although animal models have shown promising results, human transplantation cases have only been described in case reports and a successful transplant leading to gestation is yet to occur in humans. Notwithstanding the intricate medical and scientific complexities that a uterine transplant places on the medical minds of our time, ethical questions on this matter pose a similar, if not greater, challenge. In light of these facts, this article attempts to present the ethical issues in the context of experimentation and standard practice which surround this controversial and potentially paradigm-altering procedure; and given these, introduces "The Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation", a set of proposed criteria required for a woman to be ethically considered a candidate for uterine transplantation.
Physical and psycho-social issues in treatment of elderly patients with valve disease (2011)

The number of elderly patients with valvular heart disease is steadily rising. Modern medicine with advancing surgical research and intervention mean that there are multiple options for treating elderly ‘high-risk’ patients. Many of these patients are frail, have complex comorbidities and added difficulties such as visual or hearing loss. Identifying the many physical and psychosocial issues that hinder interventional treatment and recovery of elderly patients with valve disease will help ensure they receive holistic unbiased treatment and maintain a good quality of life. This article will explore the complex symptoms and diagnosis of valve disease in the elderly, treatments available to ‘high-risk’ patients and the difficulties that arise in care, treatment planning and recovery. Some key nursing roles are identified.
Electronic learning materials (1998)

The Internet promises access to a diversity of minds in their quest for knowledge. But if we continue applying traditional models of production and teaching to new technical possibilities, we cancel out their potential innovation dimensions and run the risk of bolting classroom-based practices onto a different delivery system. Instead, we should be looking at new methods of presentation and creation of interactive learning materials. In this paper we focus on three models of production and the challenges of developing interactive learning materials.
Could Topical Minoxidil Cause Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy? (2016)

Minoxidil hair formulation is commonly used for the treatment of male or female androgenic alopecia. Minoxidil is a Health Canada and US FDA-approved medication for hair loss in men and women. The drug is marketed as 2% and 5% topical solutions. This over-the-counter product is considered safe, but should be used with caution. Furthermore, minoxidil is an orally active vasodilator for treatment of severe hypertension. Typical side effects of minoxidil are faster heart rate, augmented heart function and stroke volume (which can be associated with reduced vascular resistance upon baroflex stimulus), retained sodium and water and abnormal hair growth. The most common adverse reactions of the topical formulation are limited to irritant and allergic contact dermatitis on the scalp. Herein, we report a non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy caused by topical 5% minoxidil treatment that was resolved after discontinuation of minoxidil.
Detecting a human body direction using a feature selection method (2010)

This paper describes a novel technique for detecting a human body direction using SVM constructed by HOG feature selected by AdaBoost. HOG feature is well-known feature for the robust judgment of a human. We employ the feature for detecting a human body direction. We compared some feature selecting methods with the previous one. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modified Hopfield Neural Network Algorithm (MHNNA) for TSS mapping in Penang strait, Malaysia (2013)

The use of traditional ship sampling method of for environmental monitoring is time consuming, requires a high survey cost, and exert great efforts. In this study we classify one of the water pollutants which is the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of polluted water in Penang strait, Malaysia by applying Modified Hopfield Neural Network Algorithm (MHNNA) on THEOS (Thailand Earth Observation System) image. The samples were collected from study area simultaneously with the airborne image acquisition. The samples locations were determined by using a handheld global positioning system (GPS), and the measurement of TSS concentrations was conducted in the lab as validation data (sea-truth data). By using algorithm (MHNNA) the concentrations of TSS have been classified according their varied values to produce the map. The map was colour-coded for visual interpretation. The investigation of efficiency of the proposed algorithm was based on dividing the validation data into two groups, the first group refers to standard samples for supervisor classification by the used algorithm. And the second group for test, where after classification we detect the second group data positions in the produced classes, then finding correlation coefficient (R) and root-mean-square-error (RMSE) between the first group data and the second group data according to their correspondence in the classes. The observations were high (R=0.899) with low (RMSE=17.687). This study indicates that TSS mapping of polluted water can be carried out using remote sensing technique by the application of MHNNA on THEOS satellite data over Penang strait, Malaysia.