gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of two optical fibre probe designs for use in high-temperature combustion gases (1998)

The difficulties of using thermocouples in combustion environments above 1500-1600C over extended periods are well known. This work investigates the use of high-melting-point optical fibres acting as emissive sources, as a means of meeting the real engineering needs of the combustion environment. Two designs are reported, the first based on a water-cooled low-temperature transmitting fibre and the second on an all-ceramic construction. The probes have been subjected to an extended operating period with repeated cycling in gas environments up to 2600C and tip temperatures up to 1850C and their performance, in terms of reproducible output in the 1400-1600C range , is presented.
Understanding the use of continuous oscillating positive airway pressure (bubble CPAP) to treat neonatal respiratory disease: An engineering approach (2009)

A continuous oscillatory positive airway pressure with pressure oscillations incidental to the mean airway pressure (bubble CPAP) is defined as a modified form of traditional continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivery where pressure oscillations in addition to CPAP are administered to neonates with lung diseases. The mechanical effect of the pressure oscillations on lung performance is investigated by formulating mathematical models of a typical bubble CPAP device and a simple representation of a neonatal respiratory system. Preliminary results of the respiratory system's mechanical response suggest that bubble CPAP may improve lung performance by minimizing the respiratory system impedance and that the resonant frequency of the respiratory system may be a controlling factor. Additional steps in terms of clinical trials and a more complex respiratory system model are required to gain a deeper insight into the mechanical receptiveness of the respiratory system to pressure oscillations. However, the current results are promising in that they offer a deeper insight into the trends of variations that can be expected in future extended models as well as the model philosophies that need to be adopted to produce results that are compatible with experimental verification.
Treatment of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromite Ore Processing Solid Waste Using a Mixed Reductant Solution of Ferrous Sulfate and Sodium Dithionite (2005)

We investigated a method for delivering ferrous iron into the subsurface to enhance chemical reduction of Cr(VI) in chromite ore processing solid waste (COPSW) derived from the production of ferrochrome alloy. The COPSW is characterized by high pH (8.5-11.5) and high Cr(VI) concentrations in the solid phase (up to 550 mg kg(-1)) and dissolved phase (3-57 mg L(-1)). The dominant solid-phase minerals are forsterite (Mg2SiO4), brucite (Mg-(OH)2), and hydrocalumite [Ca4(Al, Fe)2(OH)12X x 6H2O), X = (OH)2(2-), SO4(2-), CrO4(2-)]. The method utilizes FeSO4 in combination with Na2S2O4 to inhibit oxidation and precipitation of the ferrous iron, thereby preventing well and formation clogging. Laboratory batch tests using a 0.05 M FeSO4 + 0.05 M Na2S2O4 solution indicated effective treatment of both dissolved and solid-phase Cr(VI). Contrary to treatments with FeSO4 and FeCl2 alone, the combination resulted in both complete removal of Cr(VI) from solution and sustained Fe(ll) concentrations in solution after a 24 h period. A field test involving injection of 5700 L of a 0.07 M FeSO4 + 0.07 M Na2S2O4 solution into a COPSW saturated zone (pH 11.5) indicated no well and formation clogging during injection. Examination of a core collected 0.46 m from the injection well following injection indicated effective treatment of the solid phase Cr(VI) based on analysis of water, phosphate solution, and high temperature alkaline extracts. The combined reductant solution also imparted a residual treatment capacity to the COPSW allowing for subsequent treatment of dissolved phase Cr(VI); however, dissemination of the iron in the highly alkaline environment appeared to be impeded by the inability to sufficiently lower the pH with distance from the injection well to avoid precipitation of Fe(OH)2 and likely also FeCO3. Injection of a 0.2 M FeSO4 + 0.2 M Na2S2O4 solution into another COPSW saturated zone (pH 9) indicated much more effective dissemination of the injected iron.
Enhancing glycoprotein sialylation by targeted gene silencing in mammalian cells (2009)

Recombinant glycoproteins produced by mammalian cells represent an important category of therapeutic pharmaceuticals used in human health care. Of the numerous sugars moieties found in glycoproteins, the terminal sialic acid is considered particularly important. Sialic acid has been found to influence the solubility, thermal stability, resistance to protease attack, antigenicity, and specific activity of various glycoproteins. In mammalian cells, it is often desirable to maximize the final sialic acid content of a glycoprotein to ensure its quality and consistency as an effective pharmaceutical. In this study, CHO cells overexpressing recombinant human interferon gamma (hIFNgamma) were treated using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce expression of two newly identified sialidase genes, Neu1 and Neu3. By knocking down expression of Neu3 we achieved a 98% reduction in sialidase function in CHO cells. The recombinant hIFNgamma was examined for sialic acid content that was found to be increased 33% and 26% respectively with samples from cell stationary phase and death phase as compared to control. Here, we demonstrate an effective targeted gene silencing strategy to enhance protein sialylation using RNA interference (RNAi) technology.
Fine Multi-granularity Optical Paths by Novel OCDM-based Switch Architecture (2006)

Optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) path enabling to establish finer granularity path than wavelength path and its hierarchical architecture for multi-granularity optical path switching have been investigated. Significant improvement of blocking probability is achieved, compared to the conventional multi-granularity OXC based upon wavelength.
Cloning and Characterization of a β-Glucosidase from Marine Microbial Metagenome with Excellent Glucose Tolerance (2010)

The demand for beta-glucosidases insensitive to product inhibition is increasing in modern biotechnology, for these enzymes would improve the process of saccharification of lignocellulosic materials. In this study, a beta-glucosidase gene which encodes a 442-amino-acid protein was isolated from a marine microbial metagenomic library by functional screening and named as bgl1A. The protein was identified to be a member of GH1 family, and was recombinantly expressed, purified and biochemically characterized. The recombinant beta-glucosidase, Bgl1A, exhibited high level of stability in the presence of various cations and high concentrations of NaCl. Interestingly, it was activated by glucose at concentrations lower than 400 mM. With glucose further increasing, the enzyme activity of Bgl1A was gradually inhibited, but remained 50% original value in even as high as 1,000 mM glucose. These findings indicate Bgl1A might be a potent candidate for industrial applications.
CMAC Controller Based on Dahlin Algorithm for Time-delay Systems (2007)

To the problem that the conventional controller based on Dahlin algorithm may destabilize a control system when the delay time varying,an adaptive controller based on self-tuning principle combining Dahlin algorithm with CMAC is proposed.The CMAC neural network as feed forward is introduced,using the output from Dahlin controller as input parameters.This feature may avoid the influence of time delay changing.Simulation result shows that the extend self-tuning controler works better than the classical Dahlin algorithm.
Unbiased and Flexible Iterative Computer Program to Achieve Glucose Clamping (1989)

Glucose clamping has become a widely used test for assessing insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. We present a new method of achieving a reliable and unbiased clamp using an iterative computer program. After initial parameter estimation, the program uses no fixed algorithm or physiological preconceptions but makes predictions according to previous glycemic responses to infusion rates. The program can be used for human or animal studies and for euglycemic or hyperglycemic clamps. The program has flexible data entry, graphic display, running statistics of mean infusion data, and mean glucose levels and their standard deviations. These form part of the criteria for the assessment of glucose clamping, which includes the sampling interval, the duration of the clamp, the achieved glucose concentration (together with its coefficient of variation), and the percent change of glucose infused at the end of the clamp. Data for 151 consecutive clamp studies were analyzed. Median coefficient of variation of glucose values at the end of the clamp was 2%.
Feasibility of an Ingestible Sensor-Based System for Monitoring Adherence to Tuberculosis Therapy (2013)

Poor adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment hinders the individual's recovery and threatens public health. Currently, directly observed therapy (DOT) is the standard of care; however, high sustaining costs limit its availability, creating a need for more practical adherence confirmation methods. Techniques such as video monitoring and devices to time-register the opening of pill bottles are unable to confirm actual medication ingestions. A novel approach developed by Proteus Digital Health, Inc. consists of an ingestible sensor and an on-body wearable sensor; together, they electronically confirm unique ingestions and record the date/time of the ingestion. A feasibility study using an early prototype was conducted in active TB patients to determine the system's accuracy and safety in confirming co-ingestion of TB medications with sensors. Thirty patients completed 10 DOT visits and 1,080 co-ingestion events; the system showed 95.0% (95% CI 93.5-96.2%) positive detection accuracy, defined as the number of detected sensors divided by the number of transmission capable sensors administered. The specificity was 99.7% [95% CI 99.2-99.9%] based on three false signals recorded by receivers. The system's identification accuracy, defined as the number of correctly identified ingestible sensors divided by the number of sensors detected, was 100%. Of 11 adverse events, four were deemed related or possibly related to the device; three mild skin rashes and one complaint of nausea. The system's positive detection accuracy was not affected by the subjects' Body Mass Index (p = 0.7309). Study results suggest the system is capable of correctly identifying ingestible sensors with high accuracy, poses a low risk to users, and may have high patient acceptance. The system has the potential to confirm medication specific treatment compliance on a dose-by-dose basis. When coupled with mobile technology, the system could allow wirelessly observed therapy (WOT) for monitoring TB treatment as a replacement for DOT.
Cholesteryl Dicarbonates with Rigid and Flexible Spacers (1991)

Abstract Eleven cholesteryl dicarbonates have been synthesized with rigid and flexible spacers by reacting cholesteryl chloroformate with glycols, oxyglycols, aromatic dihydroxy and amino hydroxy compounds. The mesogenic properties are evaluated by microscopic and calorimetric methods. Ten of the dicarbonates synthesized exhibit mesomorphism. The dicarbonates with rigid structures exhibit higher thermal stabilities compared to those having flexible spacers. Dicarbonates having lateral substituent exhibit lower thermal stabilities. Increase in breadth and steric repulsion is not conductive to mesomorphism even in the dicarbonate system. It is quite interesting to observe mesomorphism in glycols with shorter chain length and flexibility having two bulky cholesteryl moiety at the ends. Many of the compounds exhibit vivid colours in cholesteric phase at definite temperatures. The calorimetric results are in conformity with optical results for solid cholesteric transitions. The enthalpy and entropy changes are correlated with structural changes in the molecules. The thermal stabilities are compared with related members to correlate mesomorphic behaviour of the dicarbonates with structural changes.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF 50 : 50 NICKEL–IRON FOR MAGNETIC-AMPLIFIER CORES (1959)

A 50 wt.-% nickel-iron strip 0·004 in. thick has been produced from commercially pure material by powder-metallurgy techniques. The degree of cold rolling and the annealing temperature were varied over a limited range. The suitability of the material for magnetic-amplifier application has been tested by a method described.Annealing twins, formed during the annealing process, have a deleterious effect on the D.C. coercive force, the A.C. loss, and the magnetic-amplifier characteristics. The density of these twins can be made zero by suitable heat-treatment; for a given degree of cold rolling there is an appropriate annealing temperature to give this result. Experimental results are quoted to show that optimum magnetic properties are achieved in twin-free strip.
Monoclonal antibody capture and viral clearance by cation exchange chromatography (2012)

Traditionally, post-production culture harvest capture of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is performed using Protein A chromatography. We investigated the efficiency and robustness of cation exchange chromatography (CEX) in an effort to evaluate alternative capture methodologies. Up to five commercially available CEX resins were systematically evaluated using an experimentally optimized buffer platform and a design-of-experiment (DoE) approach for their ability to (a) capture a model mAb with a neutral isoelectric point, (b) clear three model viruses (porcine parvovirus, CHO type-C particles, and a bacteriophage). This approach identified a narrow operating space where yield, purity, and viral clearance were optimal under a CEX capture platform, and revealed trends between viral clearance of PPV and product purity (but not yield). Our results suggest that after unit operation optimization, CEX can serve as a suitable capture step.
QUAKING MOUSE: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MYELIN PROTEIN (1971)

Abstract A new technique, involving final purification on a continuous CsCl gradient, was utilized for the isolation of cerebral myelin from adult (4‐ to 6‐month‐old) quaking mice, littermate controls and young (10‐day‐old) normal mice. The yield of myelin from either adult quaking or normal young mice was 5‐10 per cent of that from adult controls. After deli‐pidation, myelin proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in buffers containing sodium dodecylsulphate. Two gel systems were utilized: (1) a high‐resolution discontinuous electrophoresis system; and (2) a continuous system utilizing gels cross linked with ethylenediacrylate (EDA). The gels from the discontinuous system were stained with Fast Green and quantified by densitometry. The base lability of the EDA‐linked gels permitted direct chemical determination of protein in specific bands. Myelin from brains of normal adult mice contained, as major components, one proteo‐lipid and two basic proteins. There were also a number of high‐molecular‐weight proteins which represented a significant portion of the total. Myelin from quaking mice had qualitatively a similar distribution of proteins but the high‐molecular‐weight fraction comprised a much greater percentage of the total protein. The ratio of basic to proteolipid protein in preparations from quaking mice was considerably higher than that in the myelin from control mice. The distribution pattern of the myelin proteins from 10‐day‐old mice was quantitatively similar to that of quaking mice. Altogether the evidence supports the hypothesis that the quaking mutant provides a model of an immature nervous system with respect to myelination.
A 12-bit 500-ns subranging ADC (1989)

A subranging 12-b ADC (analog/digital converter) with analog and digital correction has been developed in a high-speed bipolar process. A conversion is performed in four stages. The settling requirement of the subtraction digital/analog converters is postponed until the final stage, resulting in a conversion time of 500 ns. The use of Ti-W fuse-link based trimming permits the critical circuit components to be adjusted at the wafer level with only a few pads. The circuit has been implemented in a die area of 25 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates 650 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Malonyl-α-aminopyridine. II. Hydrolysis of its Diazonium Coupling Products and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMalonyl-α-aminopyridine. II. Hydrolysis of its Diazonium Coupling Products and Related Compounds1H. R. Snyder and Michael M. RobisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 23, 5945–5949Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01143a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tuning the Excited-State Properties of Luminescent Rhenium(V) Benzylidyne Complexes Containing Phosphorus and Nitrogen Donor Ligands (1998)

Efficient methods are developed for the synthesis of rhenium(V)-substituted benzylidyne complexes with various auxiliary ligands to facilitate the tuning of their excited-state properties. The electronic structures and spectroscopic and photophysical properties of [Re(⋮CAr‘)(pdpp)2Cl]+ (Ar‘ = C6H2Me3-2,4,6, pdpp = o-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine), 2), [Re(⋮CAr‘)L2(CO)(H2O)Cl]+ (L = PPh3, 3; P(C6H4OMe-p)3, 4; PPh2Me, 5), [Re(⋮CAr‘)(dppe)(CO)2Cl]+ (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 6), [Re(⋮CAr‘)(L−L)(CO)2Cl]+ (L−L = 2,2‘-bipyridine, 7; 4,4‘-dichloro-2,2‘-bipyridine, 8; 4,4‘-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2‘-bipyridine, 9), [Re(⋮CAr‘)(Tp‘)(CO)2]+ (Tp‘ = tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borohydride, 10), and [Re(⋮CC6H4-R)(pdpp)(CO)2(O3SCF3)]+ (13, R = OMe, a; Me, b; H, c; Cl, d; Br, e; CN, f) are studied and compared. The molecular structures of 7·CHCl3, 10, 12f, 13a·CH3OH·H2O, and 13d·2CH2Cl2 are determined by X-ray crystallography and reveal Re⋮C distances in the 1.766(8)−1.786(7) Å range. HF-SCF calculations on the model compounds [Re(⋮CC6H5)(H2PCHCHPH2)2Cl]+ (2m), [Re(⋮CC6H5)(PH3)2(H2O)(CO)Cl]+ (3m), and [Re(⋮CC6H5)(H2PCHCHPH2)(CO)2(OH)]+ (13m) suggest that the HOMO is π(Re⋮C−Ph) and the LUMO is π*(Re⋮C−Ph). CI-singles calculations on the excited state of optimized 2m indicate that the lowest energy UV−vis absorption of 2−6, 10, and 13 originates from a HOMO to LUMO spin-forbidden transition. This is identified as 3[π(Re⋮CAr) → π*(Re⋮CAr)], where d(Re) → p(⋮C) MLCT character is apparent and the p(⋮C) orbital and phenyl π system are conjugated. The UV−vis absorption spectra of 7−9 are significantly different, and their lowest energy absorption is assigned d(Re) → π*(X2-bpy). The rhenium(V) benzylidyne complexes are highly emissive at room temperature and 77 K. The combination of spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations suggest that the emitting state of 2−6, 10, and 13 is 3[π(Re⋮CAr)→π*(Re⋮CAr)] but that of 7−9 is d(Re) → π*(X2-bpy). The emission energies in dichloromethane can be adjusted from 520 to 610 nm by variation of the benzylidyne and ancillary ligands. Their electrochemical behaviors are examined and provide further evidence to support the excited-state assignment.
Small wind turbine communication system implementation (2015)

This paper presents the research and development of a communication system that allows the information exchange between the nacelle and the tower base reducing cabling costs and complexity. The proposed infrastructure allows data acquisition and system supervision of distinct wind turbines/generators and its electrical conversion systems according to the IEC 61400-25 standard. The system implementation uses an Ethernet network allowing Digital Signal Controllers and an Embedded PC to share information via a TCP/IP based protocol. The Embedded PC also serves as outstation to supply process data to a WPP Supervisory and Data Acquisition/Energy Management System (SCADA/EMS). The whole implementation was tested in a small wind turbine prototype. Results associated with this prototype are described. The prototype will be used as basis to disseminate standardized technology to local manufacturers.
Pseudo-Gray coding (1990)

A pseudo-Gray code is an assignment of n-bit binary indexes to 2" points in a Euclidean space so that the Hamming distance between two points corresponds closely to the Euclidean distance. Pseudo-Gray coding provides a redundancy-free error protection scheme for vector quantization (VQ) of analog signals when the binary indexes are used as channel symbols on a discrete memoryless channel and the points are signal codevectors. Binary indexes are assigned to codevectors in a way that reduces the average quantization distortion introduced in the reproduced source vectors when a transmitted index is corrupted by channel noise. A globally optimal solution to this problem is generally intractable due to an inherently large computational complexity. A locally optimal solution, the binary switching algorithm, is introduced, based on the objective of minimizing a useful upper bound on the average system distortion. The algorithm yields a significant reduction in average distortion, and converges in reasonable running times. The sue of pseudo-Gray coding is motivated by the increasing need for low-bit-rate VQ-based encoding systems that operate on noisy channels, such as in mobile radio speech communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>