gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing needs time (2009)

The passage of time is essential to ensuring the repeatability and predictability of software and networks in cyber-physical systems.
Electronic transfer between ligands in the tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes consisting of monoanion radicals (1993)

Zero-valent tris(2,2′-bipyridine) aluminium ([Al(bpy)3]) is formulated as tris(2,2′-bipyridine (1-)) aluminium (III): each bipyridine ligand traps an electron. The ground-state doublet (2E) is more stabilized than the ground-state quartet (4A1) by a contribution of vacant aluminium 3dπ orbitals. The filled ruthenium 4dπ orbitals also take part in the spin pairing in the ground state of [Ru(bpy)3]-, a ruthenium (II) complex of three bipyridine monoanions. Both 2E and 4A1 ground states of a system of three monoanions have a common spatial wavefunction but differ only in their spin function and thus they are inert for Jahn-Teller distortion and preferential solvation. The bipyridine monoanion complexes obtained by one- and two-electron reduction of the trisbipyridine metal complexes are in the accidentally degenerate ground states consisting of 2A2, 2E and 1A1, 1E; 3E, 3A2, respectively, which can be admixed by Jahn-Teller distortion and/or preferential solvation. The nonlinear solute-solvent interaction results in the preferential solvation around one of three ligands which stabilizes each trapped electron localized on a single ligand much more than anticipated for the Jahn-Teller distortion mechanism.
Modeling and simulation for a nano-photonic quantum dot waveguide fabricated by DNA-directed self-assembly (2005)

We propose a nano-photonic waveguide structure by DNA-directed self-assembled fabrication. In this paper, we focus on the study of quantum dot (QD) behavior under optical stimulation in terms of gain, absorption, and emission characteristics. Both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed operations are considered and the results are compared utilizing the CdSe/ZnS and In/sub 0.47/Ga/sub 0.53/As/InP core/shell material systems. Gain coefficients reach optima at pump powers of 0.055 and 0.05 nW for the former and 0.11 and 0.019 /spl mu/W for the latter in 100 ps pulsed and CW cases, respectively. Due to their unique properties and size, QDs provide a means to create integrated photonic circuits on the nanoscale. Accordingly, the optical propagation of a QD waveguide array in a single line formation is simulated and demonstrates a viable subdiffraction limit optical energy transfer for high coupling coefficient between adjacent QDs. A proposed fabrication process by DNA-directed self-assembly is also described.
Reynolds-stress and related models (2000)

This is a graduate text on turbulent flows, an important topic in fluid dynamics. It is up-to-date, comprehensive, designed for teaching, and is based on a course taught by the author at Cornell University for a number of years. The book consists of two parts followed by a number of appendices. Part I provides a general introduction to turbulent flows, how they behave, how they can be described quantitatively, and the fundamental physical processes involved. Part II is concerned with different approaches for modelling or simulating turbulent flows. The necessary mathematical techniques are presented in the appendices. This book is primarily intended as a graduate level text in turbulent flows for engineering students, but it may also be valuable to students in applied mathematics, physics, oceanography and atmospheric sciences, as well as researchers and practising engineers.
Effect of device parameters on bistable semiconductor laser (1986)

The effect of device parameters on static and dynamic properties of inhomogeneously current-injected bistable semiconductor lasers has been analyzed. It is shown that in addition to the fraction of current injection region in the cavity, the device parameters, such as dopant concentration in active layer, facet reflectivity, and cavity length, affect the hysteresis width and threshold current. The mechanism of transition between lasing and nonlasing states is discussed, in which a new interpretation is given about the bias dependence of switch-on delay time and the driving condition for switching off is clarified. The carrier increasing rates due to the bias current and dopant concentration in the active layer are dominant factors for the switching on and switching off, respectively.
Gene expression in the intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus: physiological response to environmental factors on a biogeographic scale (2007)

We used a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in the intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus across major portions of its biogeographic range. Overall, the expression pattern for the majority of genes assessed in this study varied significantly as a function of collection site and provides support for the hypothesis that the physiological response to emersion is distinct across populations of M. californianus. Gill tissue was dissected from adult, fieldacclimatized M. californianus collected from 4 sites across 17of latitude along the west coast of North America. First-strand cDNA prepared from 5 biological replicates from each site were competitively hybridized to a 2496 feature cDNA microarray. Gene expression patterns in mussels from Strawberry Hill, Oregon, displayed a unique expression phenotype that was distinct from the other 3 mussel populations sampled. In contrast, mussels sampled from Bamfield, British Columbia, and Jalama Beach, California, showed similar expression patterns. These data suggest that the physiological response of M. californianus to abiotic factors, such as temperature, cannot be predicted by a simple latitudinal gradient. This study highlights the usefulness of genomicsbased approaches in assessing physiological responses to environmental variation across large spatial scales.
The Research on Cache Management of Cloud Storage (2012)

With rapid development of data intensive a pplication technology, such as scientific computing, data analytical and data mining etc, cloud storage with high availability and scalability can satisfy the application demand for the availability, scalability and performance of shared storage. Cache located on data path of shared storage has an important influence on the performance of system. In cloud storage environment based on the opening storage architecture, due to the inadaptability of the cache management, cache located on access paths provides performance acceleration, but limits availability and scalability of cloud storage system. This paper studies previous cache management technology of cluster or distributed system, and puts emphasis on availability and consistency, which bring down availability and scalability of cloud storage system. Moreover, this paper also analyzes the adaptability of previous cache management technology for cloud storage environment. Finally, we point out the future work which we will concern.
Characterizing natural fractures productivity in tight gas reservoirs (2012)

Tight formations normally have production problems mainly due to very low matrix permeability and various forms of formation damage that occur during drilling completion and production operation. In naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs, gas is mainly stored in the rock matrix with very low permeability, and the natural fractures have the main contribution on total gas production. Therefore, identifying natural fractures characteristics in the tight formations is essential for well productivity evaluations. Well testing and logging are the common tools employed to evaluate well productivity. Use of image log can provide fracture static parameters, and welltest analysis can provide data related to reservoir dynamic parameters. However, due to the low matrix permeability and complexity of the formation in naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs, welltest data are affected by long wellbore storage effect that masks the reservoir response to pressure change, and it may fail to provide dual-porosity dual-permeability models dynamic characteristics such as fracture permeability, fracture storativity ratio and interporosity flow coefficient. Therefore, application of welltest and image log data in naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs for meaningful results may not be well understood and the data may be difficult to interpret. This paper presents the estimation of fracture permeability in naturally fractured tight gas formations, by integration of welltest analysis results and image log data based on Kazemi’s simplified model. Reservoir simulation of dual-porosity and dual-permeability systems and sensitivity analysis are performed for different matrix and fracture parameters to understand the relationship between natural fractures parameters with welltest permeability. The simulation results confirmed reliability of the proposed correlation for fracture permeability estimation. A field example is also shown to demonstrate application of welltest analysis and image log data processing results in estimating average permeability of natural fractures for the tight gas reservoir.
Larval reef fish could use odour for detection, retention and orientation to reefs (2002)

While evidence is mounting that larval reef fish are active participants in the process of dispersal and settlement, the sensory and behavioural mechanisms by which these fishes disperse and return from their oceanic phase to the reefs remain unknown. On One Tree Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia), we tested freshly collected animals in a large choice-flume on the shore. Here, we present the first evidence that larval reef fish (primarily apogonids) approaching the time of settlement are capable of detecting differences between ocean and lagoon water and prefer lagoon water. We also demonstrate that they sniff actively with well-innervated noses and that attraction to lagoon water was not affected by warmer or colder temperatures. We conclude that they used chemical signals to orient toward lagoon water. Finally, we describe ebb tide plumes of lagoon water that extend many kilometers from reefs. Such plumes could provide chemosensory cues for dispersal and settlement stages of reef fish as they develop swimming efficiency. We argue that fishes may imprint to reef odour as embryos and/or early larvae and that this could facilitate both retention near the natal reef and navigation toward reefs from greater distances.
Reverse engineering under siege (2002)

Is reverse engineering a lawful way to acquire trade secrets?
Alternative oxidase reduces the sensitivity of <i>Mycosphaerella graminicola</i> to QOI fungicides (2003)

Forty-six (1.5%) of nearly 3000 isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola assayed in vitro were resistant to the QOI fungicide azoxystrobin, but on sub-culturing only ten remained resistant. Cross-resistance extended to other QOIs, but varied between different isolates. In planta the resistant isolates were not well controlled, especially at lower azoxystrobin dose rates. Propyl gallate, an inhibitor of alternative oxidase, potentiated the activity of azoxystrobin in vitro so that resistance was no longer observed. The growth of resistant strains in the presence of azoxystrobin led to alternative oxidase activation. This increased flexibility in respiration allows resistant strains to survive in the presence of a QOI fungicide. Under these conditions, selection for target-site mutations can occur. Using QOIs preventatively reduces the risk of resistance since the alternative oxidase cannot by itself generate all the energy needed for germination and early infection.
Tunneling nanotubes promote intercellular mitochondria transfer followed by increased invasiveness in bladder cancer cells (2017)

Intercellular transfer of organelles via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) is a novel means of cell-to-cell communication. Here we demonstrate the existence of TNTs between co-cultured RT4 and T24 bladder cancer cells using light microscopy, fluorescence imaging, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spontaneous unidirectional transfer of mitochondria from T24 to RT4 cells was detected using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. The distribution of mitochondria migrated from T24 cells was in good agreement with the original mitochondria in RT4 cells, which may imply mitochondrial fusion. We detected cytoskeleton reconstruction in RT4-Mito-T24 cells by observing F-actin redistribution. Akt, mTOR, and their downstream mediators were activated and increased. The resultant increase in the invasiveness of bladder cancer cells was detected in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that TNTs promote intercellular mitochondrial transfer between heterogeneous cells, followed by an increase in the invasiveness of bladder cancer cells.
Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Patients with Advanced or Unresectable Melanoma (2015)

From Coley's toxin to combination immune checkpoint inhibition, strategies to activate the immune system and generate anticancer immunity have been ongoing for well over a century. Over the past decade, the so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors, generally monoclonal antibodies that target key regulators of T-cell activation, emerged as the most effective immune-targeted agents. Pembrolizumab is the first anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. With responses seen in 25% to 40% of patients, depending on dose and setting (i.e., before or after ipilimumab), pembrolizumab specifically and anti-PD-1 antibodies generally are revolutionizing the treatment of melanoma. However, in the setting of other recent advances in the field, a number of practical issues are emerging that need to be addressed to optimize the care of patients with melanoma. First, the optimal sequencing of therapy (first-line immunotherapy over molecular targeted therapy, ipilimumab versus pembrolizumab as initial immune checkpoint inhibitor) is unknown and must be evaluated through randomized trials. Second, there is a strong rationale to combine immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., anti-PD-1 with ipilimumab) and to combine immune therapies with targeted therapy agents, so determining whether combination therapy is better than direct sequencing is another critical issue that needs to be addressed in carefully carried out studies.
Broadband polarization independent nanophotonic coupler for silicon waveguides with ultra-high efficiency (2015)

Coupling of light to and from integrated optical circuits has been recognized as a major practical challenge since the early years of photonics. The coupling is particularly difficult for high index contrast waveguides such as silicon-on-insulator, since the cross-sectional area of silicon wire waveguides is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than that of a standard single-mode fiber. Here, we experimentally demonstrate unprecedented control over the light coupling between the optical fiber and silicon chip by constructing the nanophotonic coupler with ultra-high coupling efficiency simultaneously for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. We specifically demonstrate a subwavelength refractive index engineered nanostructure to mitigate loss and wavelength resonances by suppressing diffraction effects, enabling a coupling efficiency over 92% (0.32 dB) and polarization independent operation for a broad spectral range exceeding 100 nm.
P21(Cip1/WAF1) expression in the mouse testis before and after X irradiation (1997)

During spermatogenesis, the radiosensitivity of testicular cells changes considerably. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these radiosensitivity differences, p21(Cip1/WAF1) expression was studied before and after irradiation in the adult mouse testis. P21(Cip1/WAF1) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDI) and has a role in the G1/S checkpoint and differentiation. P21(Cip1/WAF1) expression was observed in the normal testis, using Western blotting analysis. After a dose of 4 Gy, but not after 0.3 Gy, an increase in p21(Cip1/WAF1) expression could be determined in whole testis lysates. To investigate which germ cells are involved in p21(Cip1/WAF1) protein expression, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on irradiated testis. In the normal testis a weak staining for p21(Cip1/WAF1) was found in pachytene spermatocytes in epithelial stage V up to step 5 spermatids. A dose of 4 Gy of X-irradiation resulted in a transient increase of p21(Cip1/WAF1) staining in these cells with a maximum at 6 h post irradiation, despite the fact that the irradiation did not induce an increase in the number of apoptotic spermatocytes. When a dose of 0.3 Gy was given, no increase in p21(Cip1/WAF1) staining was observed. Using the TUNEL technique, a 10-fold increase in apoptotic spermatogonia was found after a dose of 4 Gy. However, no staining for p21(Cip1/WAF1) was observed in spermatogonia, suggesting that these cells do not undergo a p21(Cip1/WAF1)-induced G1 arrest prior to DNA repair or apoptosis. These data imply that p21(Cip1/WAF1) is a factor which could be important during the meiotic prophase in spermatocytes and repair mechanisms in these cells, but not in spermatogonial cell cycle delay or apoptosis induction.
Morphine sulphation in children. (1990)

The metabolism of morphine was studied in nine children and seven preterm neonates receiving a continuous infusion of morphine. All the neonates and three children had detectable concentrations of morphine-3-sulphate (M3S) in urine. None of the neonates or the children had detectable concentrations of morphine-6-sulphate (M6S) in urine. None of the children had detectable concentrations of M3S in plasma. The M3S/morphine ratios were significantly higher in neonates than children (P less than 0.01), suggesting that morphine sulphation decreases after the neonatal period. The amount of M3S formed, even in neonates, is low suggesting that this is a minor metabolic pathway.
Large-angle electro-optic laser scanner on LiTaO_3 fabricated by in situ monitoring of ferroelectric-domain micropatterning (2001)

We report on a horn-shaped electro-optic scanner based on a ferroelectric LiTaO(3) wafer that is capable of scanning 632.8-nm light by an unprecedented 14.88 degrees angle for extraordinary polarized light and by 4.05 degrees for ordinary polarized light. The device concept is based on micropatterning ferroelectric domains in the shape of a series of optimized prisms whose refractive index is electric field tunable through the electro-optic effect. We demonstrate what we believe is a novel technique of using electro-optic imaging microscopy for in situ monitoring of the process of domain micropatterning during device fabrication, thus eliminating imperfect process control based on ex situ monitoring of transient currents.
The Selective Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction on MoO3/ZnO Catalyst. An Attempt for the Rationalized Production of an Oxogas in the Steam Reforming Process with Cofeeding CO2. (1995)

If the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS: CO2+ H2→CO+H2O) is selectively performed after steam reforming of light hydrocarbons with cofeeding CO2, an equimolecular mixture of H2 and CO, namely oxogas, is rationally produced.We investigated on a catalyst for high selective RWGS under flowing the simulated gas having analogous composition of off gas of steam reformer with cofeeding CO2, which includes large amount of CO. When widely accepted catalyst for RWGS, such as a NiO/ZnO catalyst, was used in our system, the methanation and the carbon deposition took place on it. Using a MoO3/ZnO, however, these side reactions were restrained, and as a result, an attempt to promote the selective RWGS was successfully achieved under flowing the simulated gas. Moreover, the catalyst showed high performance after a month in the catalyst life test.
Molecular Characterization of the Gene Encoding the DNA Gyrase A Subunit of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1998)

The gene encoding the DNA gyrase A subunit of Streptococcus pneumoniae was cloned and sequenced. The gyrA gene codes for a protein of 822 amino acids homologous to the gyrase A subunit of eubacteria. Translation of the gene in an Escherichia coli expression system revealed a 92-kDa polypeptide. A sequence-directed DNA curvature was identified in the promoter region of gyrA. The bend center was mapped and located between the -35 and -10 regions of the promoter. Primer extension analysis showed that gyrA transcription initiates 6 bp downstream of an extended -10 promoter. The possible implications of the bent DNA region as a regulatory element in the transcription of gyrA are discussed.
Ultra-wide band sensor networks in oil and gas explorations (2013)

Seismic exploration and monitoring for oil and gas reservoirs is a peculiar application that requires a large number (1000-2000 nodes/sqkm) of geophone sensors deployed outdoors over large areas (≥ 40 sqkm) to measure backscattered wave fields from artificial sources. A storage/processing unit or sink node collects the measurements from all the geophones to obtain an image of the sub-surface. The existing cabling system to connect sensors is known to cause inefficiencies, large logistic and weight costs, as well as insufficient flexibility in survey design. Oil companies are therefore expecting that wireless connectivity will provide the enabling technology for future seismic explorations. This application represents a new challenging research area for the wireless community. Early results suggest that current off-the-shelf radio solutions do not guarantee the minimum requirements in terms of system usability and energy consumption, not even for current deployment size. This article presents a tutorial view to introduce the basic principles of seismic acquisition systems that are necessary to define the wireless geophone network specifications. Strict sampling synchronization constraint over large geographic areas, high precision sensor localization, and high data rate are all requirements calling for a scalable network system where Ultra-Wide Band radio transmissions play a key role as the only viable technology.
Inapproximability of Nash Equilibrium (2015)

We prove that finding an ε-approximate Nash equilibrium is PPAD-complete for constant ε and a particularly simple class of games: polymatrix, degree 3 graphical games, in which each player has only two actions.
RNA aptamers selectively modulate protein recruitment to the cytoplasmic domain of β-secretase BACE1 in vitro (2006)

The beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is a major component of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated senile plaques and is generated by sequential cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta-secretase and gamma-secretase. Since BACE1 initiates Abeta generation it represents a valuable target to interfere with Abeta production and treatment of AD. While the enzymatic activity of BACE1 resides in the extracellular domain, the protein also contains a short cytoplasmic tail (B1-CT). This domain serves as a binding site for at least two proteins, the copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase-1 (CCS), and the Golgi-localized, gamma-ear-containing, ADP ribosylation factor-binding (GGA1) protein, and contains a single phosphorylation site. However, the precise role of the B1-CT for the overall biological function of this protein is largely unknown. Functional studies focusing on the activity of this domain would strongly benefit from the availability of domain-specific inhibitors. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of RNA aptamers that selectively target the B1-CT. We show that these RNAs bind to authentic BACE1 and provide evidence that the binding site is restricted to the membrane-proximal half of the C terminus. Aptamer-binding specifically interferes with the recruitment of CCS, but still permits GGA1 association and casein kinase-dependent phosphorylation, consistent with selective binding site targeting within this short peptide. Because phosphorylation and GGA1 binding to B1-CT regulate BACE1 transport, these RNA inhibitors could be applied to investigate B1-CT activity without affecting the subcellular localization of BACE1.