gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>CFTR</i> Gene Transfer Reduces the Binding of <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> to Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Epithelium (1996)

Much of the morbidity and mortality seen in cystic fibrosis (CF) is related to chronic infection of the respiratory tract with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some studies have attributed the strong relationship between CF and Pseudomonas colonization to the presence of increased numbers of specific cell-surface receptors, although other work suggests that this relates to the presence of mucus. Several groups are now assessing the use of gene transfer as a novel form of treatment for CF. We have examined whether P. aeruginosa binding to freshly obtained CF respiratory epithelial cells is increased, and have studied the effects of transfer of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene on this attachment. Binding of P. aeruginosa to noncultured nasal epithelial cells from both CF patients (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 15) was studied with scanning electron microscopy. Binding was also assessed for CF cells following transfection with CFTR/liposome complexes. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to assess the effects of gene transfer on chloride fluxes. Adherence of P. aeruginosa directly to the cell surface of CF airway epithelium was significantly (P < 0.001) increased over that in non-CF controls. Liposome-mediated CFTR gene transfer resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the numbers of bacteria bound to ciliated epithelial cells. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed correction of the basic chloride defect. Thus, in CF, the absence of normal CFTR results in increased binding of P. aeruginosa to respiratory epithelial cells. This abnormality can be corrected in vitro by restoration of CFTR function. This has important implications both for the pathogenesis of CF and for the future application and assessment of gene therapy for this disease.
Polymersomes: smart vesicles of tunable rigidity and permeability (2011)

We report an experimental study on the mechanical and permeability properties of giant polymersomes made of diblock (PBD–PEO) and triblock (PEO–PPO–PEO) copolymers. These polymer amphiphiles bear the architecture and macromolecular dimensions adequate for assembling stable flat bilayers with a different hydrophobicity. In the highly hydrophobic case (PBD–PEO) an extremely compact membrane is formed, resulting in rigid polymersomes which represent a permeability barrier against solute transport across. In the case of water soluble PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymers, the bilayer structure is less stable in favour of the micellar state; therefore giant vesicles can be solely formed at large PPO contents. These cases (Pluronics® L121 and its mixtures with P85 and P105) are characterised by a much lower chain entangling than highly hydrophobic membranes, their polymersomes being softer than those based on PBD–PEO. Pluronic-based polymersomes are also found to be highly permeable to hydrophilic solutes, even remaining undamaged in the case of an extreme osmotic shock. This high permeability together with their high flexibility endows Pluronics polymersomes smart core/shell properties ideal to catch large biomolecules inside and able to resist under osmotic and mechanical stresses.
Release force reduction in UV nanoimprint by mold orientation control and by gas environment (2009)

Release force reduction is necessary for reliable UV nanoimprint. The effect of inclined mold detachment and pentafluoropropane as an ambient gas was investigated using a UV-nanoimprint stepper with a mold orientation control and a gas introduction system. The inclined release was realized by diverting the mold orientation control for directing a mold parallel to a wafer commonly used after mold exchange. A pentafluoropropane environment was generated in UV-nanoimprinting space by a gas introduction system within a UV-nanoimprint stepper. The inclined release showed a reduction in release force in comparison to parallel release at this experiment. However, the inclined release is only modestly beneficial for release force reduction. In contrast, the ambient gas in which UV nanoimprint is carried out has a significant impact on release force. Release force can be reduced to one-third of what is obtained in air by using pentafluoropropane. It is quite beneficial to use pentafluoropropane not only for bubble elimination but also for the reduction in release force.
Lipoteichoic Acid as a Target for Antimicrobial Action (1996)

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic active against gram-positive bacteria, has been found to inhibit lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthesis as a consequence of membrane binding in the presence of Ca2+. The present study shows that among the bacterial-membrane components, daptomycin binds the protein fraction with a noncovalent bond, as suggested by the instability of the bond in the presence of an ionic detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. Analysis of membrane proteins by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis reveals that 5 bands with isoelectric points ranging from 5.9 to 6.2 bind radioactive daptomycin. These proteins are therefore called daptomycin-binding proteins. In an attempt to correlate these proteins with the main inhibition observed in LTA synthesis, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of lipids synthesized during daptomycin treatment was performed. A 3-fold increase in diglucosyl diacylglycerol is demonstrated, while the compounds phosphatidyl-alpha-kojibiosyldiacylglycerol, glycerophosphophosphatidyl-alpha-kojibiosyldiacyl glycerol, and glycerophosphokojibiosyldiacylglycerol, which follow diglucosyl diacylglycerol in LTA synthesis, decrease progressively with time during the course of daptomycin treatment.
Elastin accumulation is regulated at the level of degradation by macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) during experimental liver fibrosis (2011)

Elastin is regulated at the level of degradation during liver fibrosis. Macrophage-derived MMP-12 regulates elastin degradation even in progressive experimental liver fibrosis. These observations have important implications for the design of antifibrotic therapies.
Silicon optical benches for next generation optical packaging: going vertical or horizontal? (2005)

In this paper, we present an alternative silicon bench approach using a vertical stacking method to improve upon the ubiquitous TO-can design. In the proposed design, the beam propagates vertically through several layers of micro-machined silicon pieces which perform substrate, RF feedthrough, hermetic sealing and optical alignment functions. Our packaging architecture includes a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) actuation layer to actively align a lens to a single mode connector. Executed at the final assembly step, this MEMS alignment alleviates the need for expensive laser welding alignment stations.
Limitations on input signal level in current-modeactive-RCfilters using CCIIs (1996)

The maximum input signal level that does not cause clipping and slew-rate limiting effects is investigated for current-mode active-RC filters involving second generation current conveyors (CCIIs), and a simple formula is derived for the maximum input signal amplitude that does not cause nonlinearities.
A role for the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 in the regulation of autophagy (2008)

We demonstrate a role for the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 in the regulation of autophagy. In particular, transient increased expression of Sirt1 is sufficient to stimulate basal rates of autophagy. In addition, we show that Sirt1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts do not fully activate autophagy under starved conditions. Reconstitution with wild-type but not a deacetylase-inactive mutant of Sirt1 restores autophagy in these cells. We further demonstrate that Sirt1 can form a molecular complex with several essential components of the autophagy machinery, including autophagy genes (Atg)5, Atg7, and Atg8. In vitro, Sirt1 can, in an NAD-dependent fashion, directly deacetylate these components. The absence of Sirt1 leads to markedly elevated acetylation of proteins known to be required for autophagy in both cultured cells and in embryonic and neonatal tissues. Finally, we show that Sirt1(-/-) mice partially resemble Atg5(-/-) mice, including the accumulation of damaged organelles, disruption of energy homeostasis, and early perinatal mortality. Furthermore, the in utero delivery of the metabolic substrate pyruvate extends the survival of Sirt1(-/-) pups. These results suggest that the Sirt1 deacetylase is an important in vivo regulator of autophagy and provide a link between sirtuin function and the overall cellular response to limited nutrients.
Risk Stratification In Middle-Aged Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: Prospective Comparison of the Heart Failure Survival Score (HFSS) and a Simplified Two-Variable Model (2001)

The HFSS continued to predict survival when applied to this patient sample. However, the HFSS was inferior to a two-variable model containing only LVEF and either peak VO(2) or 6'WT. As the 6'WT requires no sophisticated equipment, a simplified two-variable model containing only LVEF and 6'WT may be more widely applicable, and is therefore recommended.
Evolutionary computation for discovery (1999)

It sounds a bit strange to use the words "evolution" and "discovery" together. We think of evolution as a slow, incremental process of gradual change and discovery more in terms of abrupt "Eureka!" events. And yet there is at least one arena in which these two notions fit hand-in-glove: the
Bond‐Forming Initiation in Spontaneous Addition and Polymerization Reactions of Alkenes (1983)

Abstract Spontaneous addition and polymerization reactions of alkenes of different electron‐densities result in a wide variety of small organic molecules and high polymers. Tetramethylenes are proposed as key intermediates, i.e. resonance hybrids of 1,4‐diradical and zwitterionic limiting structures. Their character is determined by the substituents at the terminals: Zwitterionic character is favored by strong donors, such as alkoxy and dialkylamino groups, at the carbenium center and strong acceptor group such as diesters and cyano‐esters, at the acceptor end, and aryl and vinyl groups as donors. Zwitterionic tetramethylenes initiate ionic homopolymerization, while diradical tetramethylenes initiate alternating copolymerization, thus providing an extremely sensitive technique for the detection and characterization of these intermediates. The effects of the donor and acceptor substituents can be arranged as an “Organic Chemist's Periodic Table”, wherein the areas of mechanistic change clearly emerge and which provides predictive capability.—This unifying concept of bondforming initiation is extended to spontaneous addition and polymerization reactions of heteroatom acceptor molecules and 7,7,8,8‐tetrasubstituted quinodimethanes and of compounds possessing labile σ‐bonds, such as halogens and peroxides. Radical‐ion pairs, charge‐transfer complexes and adventitious impurities are excluded as significant initiators.
Poly-<i>γ</i>-Glutamic Acid Nanoparticles Based Visible Light-Curable Hydrogel for Biomedical Application (2016)

Nanoparticles and hydrogels have gained notable attention as promising potential for fabrication of scaffolds and delivering materials. Visible light-curable systems can allow for the possibility of in situ fabrication and have the advantage of optimal applicability. In this study nanogel was created from methacrylated poly-gamma-glutamic acid nanoparticles by visible (dental blue) light photopolymerization. The average size of the particles was 80 nm by DLS, and the NMR spectra showed that the methacrylation rate was 10%. Polymerization time was 3 minutes, and a stable nanogel with a swelling rate of 110% was formed. The mechanical parameters of the prepared structure (compression stress 0.73 MPa, and Young’s modulus 0.93 MPa) can be as strong as necessary in a real situation, for example, in the mouth. A retaining effect of the nanogel was found for ampicillin, and the biocompatibility of this system was tested by Alamar Blue proliferation assay, while the cell morphology was examined by fluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. In conclusion, the nanogel can be used for drug delivery, or it can be suitable for a control factor in different systems.
Rapamycin blocks cell cycle progression of activated T cells prior to events characteristic of the middle to late G<sub>1</sub> phase of the cycle (1993)

The effects of rapamycin (RAP) on cell cycle progression of human T cells stimulated with PHA were examined. Cell cycle analysis showed that the RNA content of cells stimulated with PHA in the presence of RAP was similar to that of control T cells stimulated with PHA for 12-24 hr in the absence of the drug. This level was substantially higher than that seen in cells stimulated in the presence of cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant known to block cell cycle progression at an early point in the cycle. However, the point in the cell cycle at which RAP acted appeared to be well before the G1/S transition, which occurs about 30-36 hr after stimulation with PHA. In an attempt to further localize the point in the cell cycle where arrest occurred, a set of key regulatory events leading to the G1/S boundary were examined, including p110Rb phosphorylation, which occurred at least 6 hr prior to DNA synthesis, p34cdc2 synthesis, and cyclin A synthesis. In control cultures, p110Rb phosphorylation was detected within 24 hr of PHA stimulation; p34cdc2 and cyclin A synthesis were detected within 30 hr. Addition of RAP to the cultures inhibited each of these events. In contrast, early events, including c-fos, IL-2, and IL-4 mRNAs expression, and IL-2 receptor (p55) expression, were only marginally affected, if at all, in PHA-stimulated T cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of cell proliferation by RAP could not be overcome by addition of exogenous IL-2. These results indicate that RAP blocks cell cycle progression of activated T cells after IL-2/IL-2 receptor interaction but prior to p110Rb phosphorylation and other key regulatory events signaling G1/S transition.
Recovery of the Image-Plane Sampling Parameter Q within Iterative-Transform Phase Retrieval (2011)

A method is described for recovering the image-plane sampling parameter Q, within the framework of iterative-transform phase retrieval. The method is based on optimizing a modified normalized root-mean-square error metric.
Analgesic action of metoclopramide in prosthetic hip surgery (1993)

Prosthetic hip surgery was performed under subarachnoidal anaesthesia with bupivacaine 16-20 mg and morphine 0.2 mg. Preoperatively, metoclopramide 1 mg.kg-1 was given i.v., followed by an infusion of 1.5 mg.kg-1 over 9 h (n = 17). Control patients received corresponding volumes of solvent (n = 23. The design of the study was double blind. The characteristics of the spinal block (level of analgesia to pinprick and muscular block) and postoperative VAS pain scores were similar in both groups. During the 24 h following the start of the infusion, four patients receiving metoclopramide required i.v. opioids, compared to 15 in the control group (P < 0.05). The pain-free period was longer (P < 0.05) in the metoclopramide group. Arterial PCO2-levels were increased, reaching a maximum within 6 h of infusion, with no significant difference between the groups. The study suggests an analgesic action of metoclopramide.
Efficient multiple-image holographic optical element (1990)

An efficient holographic optical element that combines the beammultiplexing properties of binary-phase computer-generated holograms with the efficiency of volume holograms formed in dichromated gelatin is described. Experimental results for an element that improves both the efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of a computer-generated hologram are presented. The possibility of using this element as an optical interconnect is discussed.
The Role of Resmelting (2008)

The primary ways to dispose of porcelain enamel wastes are highlighted. The development and remanufacturing of reclaim material into a usable cost-effective frit are discussed.
The role of surfactant protein D in the colonisation of the respiratory tract and onset of bacteraemia during pneumococcal pneumonia (2005)

We have shown previously that surfactant protein D (SP-D) binds and agglutinates Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. In this study, the role of SP-D in innate immunity against S. pneumoniae was investigated in vivo, by comparing the outcome of intranasal infection in surfactant protein D deficient (SP-D-/-) to wildtype mice (SP-D+/+). Deficiency of SP-D was associated with enhanced colonisation and infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract and earlier onset and longer persistence of bacteraemia. Recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites in the lung was similar in both strains mice in the first 24 hrs post-infection, but different by 48 hrs. T cell influx was greatly enhanced in SP-D-/- mice as compared to SP-D+/+ mice. Our data provides evidence that SP-D has a significant role to play in the clearance of pneumococci during the early stages of infection in both pulmonary sites and blood.
A cognitive meta-analysis of design approaches to interruptions in intelligent environments (2004)

Minimizing interruptions to users is a crucial and acknowledged precondition for the adoption of new intelligent technologies such as ubiquitous and proactive computing. This paper takes a step toward achieving a consensus among the numerous existing approaches addressing the challenge posed by interruptions. We start by explicating why interruptions are considered important. We then reveal similarities and differences among the approaches from a cognitive viewpoint. It appears that the approaches draw from different assumptions about human cognition. Some of the approaches contain inconsistencies. The cognitive analysis also inspires directions for future work.
The effects of mebendazole on the growth and development of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1982)

Mebendazole inhibits the growth, reproductive capacity, and motility of Caenorhabditis elegans. Maximum reduction of length (50%) and volume (80%) was observed at 6.25 μg/mL mebendazole. At this concentration vulva formation was delayed by 18 h and egg production was reduced from 8 eggs/worm per hour to less than 1. The critical period for the effect of mebendazole on length was from 40 to 50 h after hatching. The drug did not affect the viability of eggs, larvae, or adults. L1 and L2 larvae were motile in the presence of mebendazole (6.25 μg/mL); paralysis became apparent during the L3 and was complete in L4 and adult stages. Paralysed worms coiled into a ring and moved feebly and spasmodically. The first two moults occurred at the same time in control and treated worms, the L3/L4 and L4/adult moults were delayed by less than 1 h in the presence of the drug. Evidence is presented that these observed effects are caused by mebendazole and were not the consequence of partial starvation resulting from paralysis.
Android Quick APIs Reference (2015)

The Android Quick APIs Reference is a condensed code and APIs reference for the new Google Android 5.0 SDK. It presents the essential Android APIs in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. You wonât find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn out history lessons, or witty stories in this book. What you will find is a software development kit and APIs reference that is concise, to the point and highly accessible. The book is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any mobile or Android app developer or programmer. In the Android Quick APIs Reference, you will find a concise reference to the Android SDK and its APIs using the official Android Studio IDE. This reference is small and handy and ideal for taking with you to your appointments with your clients.
Microwave promoted selective preparation of acetals and esters from aldehydes (2002)

A new selective method of acetalization of aldehydes and cyclic ketones with 1,2-diols or alcohols catalyzed by iodine under microwave irradiation is reported. Depending upon the reaction conditions further oxidation of the arylidene acetals takes place in the system leading to the formation of products like iodoester 2 and hydroxy esters 3, 4 and 5. Both unsubstituted (la) and substituted arylidene acetal with electron releasing group (1d) give high yield of iodoester 2 (70 -80%) whereas the arylidene acetal substituted with an electron withdrawing group such as NO 2 (1b) gives a low yield of the corresponding iodoester (2b, 25%).
Arthritogenic Properties of Double-Stranded (Viral) RNA (2004)

Viral infections often lead to arthralgias and overt arthritic states. The inflammatogenic compound of the viruses giving rise to such an outcome has to date not been identified. Because expression of dsRNA is a common feature of all viruses, we decided to analyze whether this property leads to the induction of arthritis. Histological signs of arthritis were evident already on day 3 following intra-articular administration of dsRNA. Arthritis was characterized by infiltration of macrophages into synovial tissue. It was not dependent on acquired immune responses because SCID mice also raised joint inflammation. NF-kappa B was activated upon in vitro exposure to dsRNA, indicating its role in the induction/progression of arthritis. Importantly, we found that dsRNA arthritis was triggered through IL-1R signaling because mice being deficient for this molecule were unable to develop joint inflammation. Although dsRNA is typically recognized by Toll-like receptor 3, Toll-like receptor 3 knockout mice developed arthritis, indicating that some other receptors are instrumental in the inducing of inflammation. Our results from in vitro experiments indicate that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines stimulating monocyte influx were readily triggered in response to stimulation with dsRNA. These findings demonstrate that viral dsRNA is clearly arthritogenic. Importantly, macrophages and their products play an important role in the development of arthritis triggered by dsRNA.
Macrocyclic nickel complexes in DNA recognition and oxidation (1993)

Abstract
Optical measurement of rates of dissipation of temperature variance due to oceanic turbulence (2007)

Inhomogeneities in the refractive index induced by temperature fluctuations in turbulent flows have the effect of scattering light in near-forward angles. We have developed a method that extracts the rate of Temperature Variance Dissipation (TVD) and its spectrum from the properties of light scattering and have built an instrument - Optical Turbulence Sensor (OTS) - that implements the method. OTS uses a linear wavefront sensing Hartmann array and allows for nearly instantaneous measurements of temperature variance in turbulent flows. The instrument has been tested in an situ experiment carried out from a drifting vessel at a site off the coast of Newport, Oregon. Here we compare the temperature variance measured by OTS and its spectra with both theoretical predictions and with spectra obtained from a fast thermistor sensor.