gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes: Synthesis of 1,4-Pregnadiene-17α,20α,21-triol-3,11-dione (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Synthesis of 1,4-Pregnadiene-17α,20α,21-triol-3,11-dioneR Beyler, Francis Hoffman, and L SarettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 9, 1386–1387Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online11 July 2003Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01091a637https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01091a637research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D-reconstruction of blood vessels by ultramicroscopy (2009)

As recently shown, ultramicroscopy (UM) allows 3D-visualization of even large microscopic structures with microm resolution. Thus, it can be applied to anatomical studies of numerous biological and medical specimens. We reconstructed the three-dimensional architecture of tomato-lectin (Lycopersicon esculentum) stained vascular networks by UM in whole mouse organs. The topology of filigree branches of the microvasculature was visualized. Since tumors require an extensive growth of blood vessels to survive, this novel approach may open up new vistas in neurobiology and histology, particularly in cancer research.
STUDY ON THE EXPRESSION OF CO-STIMULATORY MARKER CD134 ON CD4+ T CELLS IN HIV-1–INFECTED INDIVIDUALS (2012)

CD4+CD25+CD134+ T cells play an important role in suppressing T cell responses to foreign pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, we aimed to investigate an increase in these populations in HIV-1-infected individuals. In this study, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies staining of CD3/CD4/CD25/CD134. Without antigen stimulation, the expression of CD4+CD25+CD134+ T cells in 14 HIV-1-infected and 24 healthy individuals were 4.01% and 3.21%, respectively. However, there was an increase in the expression of CD4 + CD25+CD134+ T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals (6.85%) when stimulated with gag peptide. The upregulation of CD4+CD25+CD134+ T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals may result from activation of naturally occurring or by disease-associated antigen stimulation.
low-spin five-coordinate nickel(II) complexes containing a macrocyclic tetradentate amine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTlow-spin five-coordinate nickel(II) complexes containing a macrocyclic tetradentate amineDaryle H. Busch and E. Kent BarefieldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 6, 1216–1220Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50100a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50100a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inflation and growth: in search of a stable relationship - commentary (1996)

Inflation (Finance)
Nanodome Structured BiVO<sub>4</sub>/GaO<i><sub>x</sub></i>N<sub>1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> Photoanode for Solar Water Oxidation (2017)

A nanodome structured BiVO 4 /GaO x N 1− x (BVO/GaON) bilayer photoanode that is prepared by a facile solution method, and that exhibits an improved photoelectrochemical water‐oxidation performance is reported. GaON porous nanospheres with an average size of ≈300 nm are first synthesized by a nitridation (NH 3 flow, 800 °C) of Ga 4 (OH) 10 SO 4 nanospheres. The GaON nanospheres are coated by a slurry coating method, and then the BVO layer is uniformly deposited by a sol–gel spin‐coating method to form the nanodome structure. Band alignment, light absorption, and relative electrochemical active surface area are investigated to elucidate the advantages of the nanodome structure, using UV–vis spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky analysis, and electrochemical measurements, respectively. It is found that the resulting nanodome structured BVO/GaON photoanode forms a type I heterojunction, in which the GaON layer acts as a hole mirror, and thus reduces interfacial recombination. More importantly, the nanodome structured BVO/GaON exhibits larger electrochemical surface area and improved light absorption properties compared to the planar‐type BVO/GaON photoanode, which originates from its unique nanodome structure. When combined with a CoO x electrocatalyst, the nanodome structured BVO/GaON shows largely improved photocurrent generation (water oxidation activity), and reduced onset potential values.
The isolation of undistorted sinusoids in real time (1990)

A single-input, multiple-output adaptive filter that takes a multisinusoidal input signal and produces the individual sinusoids at each of the outputs is described. The individual outputs have identical amplitudes and phases to the components of the original input signal. The filter can be adapted in real time using approximate Gauss-Newton updates without requiring any matrix operations or divisions. The filter is an extension of a cascade adaptive IIR (infinite impulse response) notch filter reported previously. The filter is very amenable to being realized using custom ICs or DSP (digital signal processing) ICs, as no divisions are required and most of the filter is composed of identical biquads (which are very insensitive to the errors caused by finite accuracy in fixed-point implementations). The structure is especially good at isolating small-amplitude sinusoids when in the proximity of much larger sinusoids of unknown frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat (1958)

The station is neither devoted to a particular group of animals nor to particular problems, but to the Camargue itself. What we would like to find out is the web of conditions bringing together this wonderful land, and what we wish is to keep it safe for future generations. In 1950 we began, M. Mller as assistant of the station, and I, with purely ornithological work. Soon we found out that we ought to know more about the ecology of the Camargue plants and invertebrates if we were to come to a deeper understanding of the ecology of the Camargue birds. So, in collaboration with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque, in 1953 and 1954 we began as a team on a basic quantitative ecological programme.
Electroreductive cleavage of 2-methylene-9,10-anthraquinone (Maq) esters of carboxylic acids and N-substituted carbamic acids: protecting groups for carboxylic acids and primary amines (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroreductive cleavage of 2-methylene-9,10-anthraquinone (Maq) esters of carboxylic acids and N-substituted carbamic acids: protecting groups for carboxylic acids and primary aminesRonald L. Blankespoor, Aldrich N. K. Lau, and Larry L. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 23, 4441–4446Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00197a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (810 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Compositional Modifications of 10%‐Pb‐Doped Bi <sub>0.5</sub> Na <sub>0.5</sub> Tio <sub>3</sub> for High‐Temperature Dielectrics (1995)

Modifications of 10%‐Pb‐doped Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 were studied for consideration as possible high‐temperature dielectrics. Composition with potassium gave a broader dielectric response and a lower temperature of the ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric transition. With La doping, a low‐temperature‐stable dielectric constant was obtained. Barium modifications increased the dielectric constant and also lowered the first transition temperature. However, doped with 10% Ba, the composition ordered and the first transition ceased to exist.
Hardware Design of Sphere Decoding for MIMO Systems (2005)

Sphere decoding is a powerful approach for maximum-likelihood (ML) detection but the algorithm has a high data dependency and its complexity increases exponentially. This paper presents a hardware architecture for the implementation of this algorithm. According to the algorithm complexity and the data dependency graph, it is partitioned as arithmetic operations and logic operations. Furthermore, through design optimization, some complex operations are avoided and the parallelism of the algorithm is explored. The experiment shows the average decoding rate 3.3 Mbits/s is achievable for a MIMO system with 4 transmit and 4 receive antennas.
Laser enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition crystal growth in GaAs (1985)

An enhanced crystal growth of GaAs is observed in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) under laser illumination. It is difficult to understand this enhancement effect only by a pyrolitic effect and we should consider photochemical processes like photoassisted catalytic or surface effect. This laser enhancement makes patterned crystal growth in MOCVD possible.
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Interleukin-2, and Interleukin-12 Synergize With Calcium Ionophore to Enhance Dendritic Cell Function (2000)

The authors previously showed that monocytes treated with calcium ionophore (CI) acquire characteristics of mature dendritic cells (DC) in part through a calcineurin-dependent pathway. In this study, the authors evaluated the ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) alone or in combination with CI to induce DC characteristics in peripheral blood monocytes. Monocytes obtained by leukapheresis and countercurrent centrifugal elutriation were cultured with calcium, cytokines, or both, profiled by flow cytometry, and assessed for antigen uptake and sensitization of autologous CD8+ T cells to antigen. Monocytes treated with the combination of GM-CSF, IL-2, and IL-12 resulted in immunophenotypic and antigen uptake profiles typical of immature DC, including loss of surface CD14 expression, de novo low-level expression of B7.1, negligible CD83 expression, marked enhancement of CD40 and ICAM-1, and high major histocompatibility complex class I and II levels. A high level of antigen uptake by macro-pinocytosis was observed. In contrast, CI treatment significantly up-regulates B7.1, B7.2, CD40, CD54, and CD83 and substantially down-regulates CD14 and macro-pinocytosis, a profile consistent with mature DC. Many CI-induced modulations, but none resulting from cytokine treatment alone, were inhibited by the calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor cyclosporin A. Compared with monocytes treated with CI alone, combined treatment of monocytes with GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-12, and CI augmented B7.1 and CD83 expression and enhanced sensitization of autologous CD8+ T cells to melanoma-antigen-derived peptides. These results suggest that several independent pathways of DC activation can cooperatively enhance the function of monocyte-derived DC.
Advanced Photography (1998)

Advanced Photography is a practical book for students and serious enthusiasts who wish to achieve more professional looking results. From choosing lenses and camera equipment, to film types and technical data, lighting and tone control, processing management and colour printing; the book offers technical solutions and practical advice on all aspects of professional photography. The book has now been fully revised, to include not just the latest camera equipment and films, but explains how new digital methods can be used alongside silver halide systems - allowing the reader to benefit from the best practical features of each. Written as a companion volume to the international bestseller Basic Photography this book has enjoyed a long established reputation as a technical`bible' for new professionals. It will appeal to anyone wishing to improve on their basic skills in practical photography - enabling you to acheive a higher standard of work and to deal more professionally with clients, agents and suppliers. The late Michael Langford was Former Photography Course Director at the Royal College of Art in London. He was intimately involved with photography courses at all levels and as a result fully understood what a student needed. His other books for Focal Press are: 'Basic Photography', 'Story of Photography' and 'Starting Photography'.
Robustness of NPD control (preliminary results) (2002)

Robustness results are presented for nonlinear PD (NPD) control. Drawing on the experimental demonstration by Xu et al. (1995) of the performance benefits of NPD control and previous results establishing Lyapunov stability, the robustness of NPD control is examined and minimum bounds for robustness to parametric variation are established. As an example, robust control of the Sarcos dextrous manipulator is described.
Studies Of Metal-Water Reactions At High Temperatures. Iii. Experimental And Theoretical Studies Of The Zirconium-Water Reaction (1962)

Further studies of the Zr-water reaction by the condenser-discharge method are reported. The reaction was studied with initial metal temperatures from 1100 to 4000 deg C with 30- and 60-mil wires in water from room temperature to 315 deg C (1500-psi vapor pressure). Runs in heated water showed markedly greater reactions. This was explained in terms of a 2-step reaction scheme in which the reaction rate is initially controlled by the rate of gaseous diffusion of water vapor toward the hot metal particles and of hydrogen, generated by reaction, away from the particles. At a later time, the reaction becomes controlled by the parabolic rate law, resulting in rapid cooling of the particles. A mathematical model of the reaction of molten metal spheres with water was proposed. Explosive reactions were found to occur with particles smaller than about 1 mm in heated water and 0.5 mm in room-temperature water. The explosive reactions were caused by the ability of the evolving H/sub 2/ to propel the particles through water at high speed. The high-speed motion was detected on motion picture film and had the effect of removing the gaseous diffusion barrier (increasing the Nusselt number), resulting in very rapid reaction. Computed results compared favorably with experimental results obtained by the condenser- discharge experiment and with the results of previous investigators. Computations indicated that the extent and rate of reaction depended on the particle diameter and the water temperature, and were relatively independent of the metal temperature so long as the metal was fully melted. This makes it possible to estimate the extent of Zr-water reaction that would occur during a reactor accident in which the particle sizes of the residue could be estimated. Comparisons were made with the results of meltdown experiments in TREAT, and applications to reactor hazards analysis were discussed. (auth)
Interleukin-6 Production by Bladder Tumors is Upregulated by BCG Immunotherapy (1995)

The increase in IL-6 during BCG therapy may be caused by urothelial cells as well as leukocytes. The higher levels seen in nonresponders may be due to either higher grade or persisting tumor.
An Auditory Model Based Transcriber Of Singing Sequences. (2002)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Fault Direction Estimation in Radial Distribution System Using Phase Change in Sequence Current (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> When a remotely sited wind farm is connected to the utility power system through a distribution line, the overcurrent relay at the common coupling point needs a directional feature. This paper presents a method for estimating the direction of fault in such radial distribution systems using phase change in current. The difference in phase angle between the positive-sequence component of the current during fault and prefault conditions has been found to be a good indicator of the fault direction in a three-phase system. A rule base formed for the purpose decides the location of fault with respect to the relay in a distribution system. Such a strategy reduces the cost of the voltage sensor and/or connection for a protection scheme which is of relevance in emerging distributed-generation systems. The algorithm has been tested through simulation for different radial distribution systems. </para>
A Fluorescent Probe for Fast and Quantitative Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Blood (2011)

The dose makes the poison: Hydrogen sulfide is an important gasotransmitter for which rapid detection agents are needed. A hydrogen sulfide probe, which allows for fast (within seconds), selective, and quantitative detection in buffer solution, serum, and whole blood is designed, synthesized, and used for detection of hydrogen sulfide (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Origin of the negative thermal expansion in and (1996)

The negative thermal expansion recently observed over a wide range of temperatures in may be attributed to the existence of low-frequency phonon modes which can propagate with no distortions of the tetrahedra and octahedra, the so-called `rigid unit modes'. Using methods developed for the study of similar modes in silicates we have located the surfaces of these modes in wave-vector space. The rigid-unit mode interpretation accounts for the weak effect of the 430 K structural phase transition on the negative thermal expansion, provided that the disordered phase does not involve formation of and complexes. On the other hand, the crystal structure of the related material is cross braced by pairs of linked tetrahedra and is therefore significantly less flexible. In this case a qualitatively different mechanism may be responsible for the negative thermal expansion observed in .
Object memory in young and aged mice after sevoflurane anaesthesia (2009)

Learning and memory are cognitive functions commonly impaired after surgery, especially in elderly patients. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of sevoflurane anaesthesia on episodic-like memory in young and aged wild-type mice and mice with altered nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission (beta2KO). Mice learned objects before randomization to control, anaesthesia or sham groups. Anaesthesia was maintained at 2.6% sevoflurane for 2 h, starting immediately after training. Object memory testing was performed after 24 h, when one familiar object was replaced by a nonfamiliar object. While nonanaesthetized mice showed memory retention of the familiar object, anaesthetized wild-type and beta2KO mice showed impaired memory. Sevoflurane anaesthesia thus causes memory impairment in mice regardless of beta2 receptor-mediated nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission.
Molecular Analysis of a New Member of the Opium Poppy Tyrosine/3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Decarboxylase Gene Family (1996)

An aromatic amino acid decarboxylase DNA fragment was generated from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) genomic DNA by the PCR using primers designed from conserved amino acid sequences of other aromatic amino acid decarboxylase genes. Using this fragment as a probe, a genomic clone was isolated that encodes a new member of the opium poppy tyrosine/3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase gene family (TyDC5). The predicted TyDC5 amino acid sequence shares extensive identity with other opium poppy tyrosine/3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylases (84%), and when expressed in Escherichia coli, it is active against tyrosine and to a lesser extent against 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Ribonuclease protection assays indicate that TyDC5 is expressed primarily in the roots of mature poppy plants. A peak of TyDC5 expression was also observed during germination, coincident with the emergence of the radicle from the seed coat. Parallel results were obtained in transgenic tobacco using a TyDC5 promoter fragment (-2060) translationally fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS). IN TyDC5::GUS tobacco, GUS activity transiently appeared in all parts of the seedling during germination, but was limited to the roots in older plants. These results indicate that TyDC5 expression is transcriptionally regulated and suggest that the TyDC5 enzyme may play an important role in providing precursors for alkaloid synthesis in the roots and germinating seedlings of opium poppy.