gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of signaling between TM4SF5 and integrins in tumor microenvironment (2010)

TM4SF5 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the transmembrane 4 L six family, a branch of the tetraspanin family and highly expressed in many types of cancers. TM4SF5 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by morphological changes resulting from inactivation of RhoA mediated by stabilized cytosolic p27kip1. TM4SF5-mediated EMT can lead to loss of contact inhibition and enhanced migration/invasion, presumably depending on cross-talks between TM4SF5 and integrins. An anti-TM4SF5 agent appears to target the second extracellular domain of TM4SF5, which is important for cross-talk with integrins, leading to a blockade of TM4SF5-mediated multilayer growth and migration/invasion. In addition, TM4SF5 engages in cross-talk with integrin alpha5 to induce and secrete VEGF, which in turn causes activation of angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Therefore, TM4SF5 plays a central regulatory role in a wide variety of physiological processes through cross-talk with integrins. This review presents current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo observations of the roles of TM4SF5-integrin cooperation in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and discusses important areas for future investigation.
Parallel Algorithms for Hybrid Multi-core CPU-GPU Implementations of Component Labelling in Critical Phase Models (2013)

Optimising the use of all the cores of a hybrid multi-core CPU and its accelerating GPUs is becoming increasingly important as such combined systems become widely available. We show how a complex interplay of cross-calling kernels and host components can be used to support good throughput performance on hybrid simulation tasks that have inherently serial analysis calculations that must be run alongside more easily parallelisable simulation time-stepping calculations. We present results for a cluster component-labelling analysis performed during simulation of a Potts lattice simulation model. We discuss how these hybrid techniques can be more broadly applied to this class of numerical simulation experiments in computational science.
TANGO: Toward a More Reliable Mobile Streaming through Cooperation between Cellular Network and Mobile Devices (2016)

Multimedia streaming is a major mobile application, accounting for more than half of total mobile traffic. Streaming applications usually have a static buffering strategy. For example, buffer size is limited to x minutes of the stream, where x is optimized to provide the best trade-off between minimizing stalls and limiting waste of user's bandwidth and energy resulting from user abandonment. We show that such strategies based on information available on the mobile device alone do not work well when network conditions change dynamically, e.g., connectivity degrades due to congestion. We propose an alternative strategy using the framework called TANGO, based on a novel idea of cooperation between cellular network and mobile devices. By monitoring real-time network conditions and continuously predicting user location, our system is able to predict connectivity degradation in the near term. In such events, a notification is sent to the mobile device so that the streaming application can initiate a mitigation action, such as to pre-cache more content. In simulations based on real user traces, we found that TANGO reduces pause time by 13-72%, significantly outperforming DASH, which is the current state of the art.
Multimodal user interfaces for context-aware mobile applications (2006)

This paper introduces a generic architecture that enables the development and execution of mobile multimodal applications proposed within the EU IST-511607 project MobiLife. Mobi Life aims at exploiting the synergetic use of multimodal user interface technology and contextual information processing, with the ultimate goal that the two together can provide a beyond-the-state-of-the-art user experience. And this led to an integrated concept, components of the underlying architecture are described in detail and the interfaces towards the application back-end as well as towards context aware resources are discussed. The paper also positions the current work against existing standardisation efforts and it pinpoints technologies required to support the implementation of a device and modality function within the MobiLife architecture
A Bayesian Generative Model for Surface Template Estimation (2010)

3D surfaces are important geometric models for many objects of interest in image analysis and Computational Anatomy. In this paper, we describe a Bayesian inference scheme for estimating a template surface from a set of observed surface data. In order to achieve this, we use the geodesic shooting approach to construct a statistical model for the generation and the observations of random surfaces. We develop a mode approximation EM algorithm to infer the maximum a posteriori estimation of initial momentum μ, which determines the template surface. Experimental results of caudate, thalamus, and hippocampus data are presented.
Rapid MEMS prototyping using SU-8, wafer bonding and deep reactive ion etching (2002)

We describe a technique to rapidly prototype microelectromechanical systems by combining the use of (1) patterned SU-8 photoresist to form an electrically insulating spacer layer on a silicon substrate, (2) wafer bonding to affix single crystal silicon above the spacer layer, and (3) deep reactive ion etching to form suspended structures over the patterned spacer. Technical details of the wafer bonding process are presented. Experimental results from a rapidly prototyped test structure are shown. It is expected that this process will not be limited to silicon-based systems.
Chemical stability of peptides in polymers. 1. Effect of water on peptide deamidation in poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) matrixes (1999)

This paper examines the effect of water content, water activity, and glass transition temperature (T(g)) on the deamidation of an asparagine-containing hexapeptide (VYPNGA; Asn-hexapeptide) in lyophilized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) at 50 degrees C. The rate of Asn-hexapeptide deamidation increases with increasing water content or water activity and, hence, decreasing T(g). The rate of deamidation is more sensitive to changes in these parameters in PVA than in PVP. Deamidation is clearly evident in the glassy state in both formulations. In the glassy state, the peptide is more stable in PVA than in PVP formulations but is less stable in the rubbery state. No single variable (water content, water activity, or T(g)) could account for the variation in deamidation rates in PVA and PVP formulations. Deamidation rates were correlated with the degree of plasticization by water (distance of T(g) from the dry intrinsic glass transition temperature); coincident curves for the two polymers were obtained with this correlation. Deamidation in PVA and PVP was closely correlated with the extent of water-induced plasticization experienced by the formulation relative to its glass transition at 50 degrees C, suggesting that the physical state of formulations could be used to predict chemical stability.
Possible high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductivity in thin wires (1989)

A heuristic approach to the theory of superconductivity based on a simple physical picture and capable of treating the simultaneous participation of multiple bosonic modes that mediate the pairing interaction is first developed. The effect of the bosonic mode damping is also accounted for. We then propose a possible mechanism of superconductivity in slender electronic systems of finite cross sections based on the pairing interaction mediated by the multiple modes of acoustic plasmons in these structures. Such modes include the quasi-one-dimensional plasmon as well as the so-called slender acoustic plasmons. The critical temperature and the energy gap/${T}_{c}$ ratio are then calculated by the heuristic method just developed. Numerical results on ${T}_{c}$ in various samples are presented, showing ${T}_{c}$ in the 150--200 K range. The ratio 2${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$/${T}_{c}$ differs generally from the BCS value due to the temperature dependence of the mode damping. The associated coherence length is shown to be considerably smaller than the transverse dimension of the wires.
Laser-induced InAs/GaAs quantum dot intermixing (2000)

Laser annealing of InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) microstructures has been investigated for selective area tuning of their electronic shell structure. Extensive blueshifts of the QD excited states were observed following 20–40 s laser irradiation. In the most extreme case, we were able to shift the position of the ground state transition by 298 meV, i.e., to the spectral region where the photoluminescence signal originates from the as-grown InAs wetting layer. A reduction from ∼50 to 8 meV of the full width at half maximum of the PL peak corresponding to this transition indicates a drastic change in the structural characteristics of the investigated QD ensemble. The attractive feature of the laser-QD-intermixing technique is that it offers the possibility of obtaining targeted blueshifts and inter-sublevel energy spacing on the lateral scale required in the fabrication of QD-based integrated optoelectronic devices and, possibly, photonic band gap crystals.
Radical Scavenging Activities of Niacin-Related Compounds (2002)

We investigated whether niacin-related compounds had radical-scavenging activity by electron spin resonance methods. Many compounds, but not trigonelline, had radical-scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals. However, for the nitric oxide radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, only nicotinic acid hydrazide and isonicotinic acid hydrazide had scavenging activities. These results suggest that the moiety of hydrazide might have an important role in scavenging abilities of various radicals.
Method for Compensating Signal Attenuation Using Stepped-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (2018)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a subsurface remote sensor that allows the user to detect, classify, and identify the buried target and structures. The radar signals are rapidly attenuated as they propagate into the ground; therefore, attenuation compensation is necessary for the visualization of the buried targets from GPR data. In this work, we developed a novel attenuation compensation approach based on the recently developed stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) GPR system, which is a frequency domain sampling system with improved performance in dynamic range, sensitivity, and anti-interference ability. Because the regularly used time-varying gain function for compensating the attenuation of impulse GPR data does not make full use of the advancement of the SFCW modulation, an alternative procedure is proposed herein. The new approach is based the SFCW mechanism, and aims at improving the visualization of deeper targets by compensating the SFCW GPR signal attenuation. We first present the attenuation mode of the SFCW GPR echo, from which an inverse attenuation function is derived to compensate the amplitude loss. For the field measurement where the theoretical inverse attenuation function is difficult to achieve, we introduced a pseudo time⁻frequency distribution for estimating the inverse attenuation function. A procedure for amplitude attenuation has also been developed. Testing with both synthetic and experimental data return a good reconstruction of the signal amplitude, subsequently improving the ability for visualizing and detecting deeper targets.
Inhibition of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Accumulation and Lipolysis by Adenosine Analogs in Human Subcutaneous Adipocytes* (1984)

Lipolysis and cAMP accumulation were inhibited by low concentrations of adenosine and its analogs in human sc adipocytes stimulated by 2 microM DL-isoproterenol. The order of potency of the adenosine analogs tested was N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine greater than adenosine greater than 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine greater than 2'-deoxyadenosine. Inosine was without effect. No stimulation of cAMP accumulation by 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine was observed. These results strongly suggest the presence of inhibitory adenosine Ri- and P-sites and the absence of stimulatory Ra-sites in human sc adipocytes.
Improved photocurrents for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells using nano-structured nickel(ii) oxide microballs (2012)

Highly crystalline nanostructured nickel(II) oxide microballs (NiO-μBs) were developed for use in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSC). Their high specific surface area and favorable optical properties yielded unprecedented photocurrent densities of 7.0 mA cm−2 under simulated sunlight (AM1.5; 1000 W m−2) and incident photon to charge carrier conversion efficiencies of 74% when applied in p-DSCs. This is an important step towards matching the performance of p-DSCs with their n-type counterparts for future tandem applications.
Nonlinear Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons by Four-Wave Mixing (2008)

We demonstrate nonlinear excitation of surface plasmons on a gold film by optical four-wave mixing. Two excitation beams of frequencies omega(1) and omega(2) are used in a modified Kretschmann configuration to induce a nonlinear polarization at a frequency of omega(4wm)=2omega(1)-omega(2), which gives rise to surface plasmon excitation at a frequency of omega(4wm). We observe a characteristic plasmon dip at the Kretschmann angle and explain its origin in terms of destructive interference. Despite a nonvanishing bulk response, surface plasmon excitation by four-wave mixing is dominated by a nonlinear surface polarization. To interpret and validate our results, we provide a comparison with second-harmonic generation.
Multiscale Model of Adaptation, Spatial Vision and Color Appearance (1998)

In this paperwe present a multiscale color appearance model which simulates luminance, pattern and color processing of the human visual system to accurately predict the color appearance attributes of spectral stimuli in complex surroundings under a wide range of illumination and viewing conditions.
1.5.5 Room temperature benzene gas detection using gated lateral BJT with assembled solvatochromic dye (2012)

In this study, a new type of room temperature operated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gas sensor was developed based on gated lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The proposed sensor device was fabricated using standard 0.35-m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (CMOS) process. The specific metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)-BJT hybrid structure cause that the device can be operated under room temperature without gate bias supply. 4amino-N-methylphthalimide (4-ANMP) dye is a kind of solvatochromic dye which has charge-transfer (CT) character was immobilized on the floating gate of the gated lateral BJT by using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method, acted as the sensing membrane. Benzene gas as the sensing target was detected in this study. According to the results, the sensor device can be used for VOCs gas detecting at room temperature.
Hydroxyquinolines Inhibit Ribonucleic Acid-Dependent Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase and Inactivate Rous Sarcoma Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus (1976)

8-Hydroxyquinoline and several of its derivatives inactivate the transforming ability of Rous sarcoma virus and inhibit its ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity. The copper complex of these metal-binding ligands is as active as the free ligand. The activity of the 8-hydroxyquinolines is approximately 50-fold more effective than another group of metal-binding compounds that we have tested, the thiosemicarbazones. In contrast to the potency of the 8-hydroxyquinolines to inactivate Rous sarcoma virus, no intracellular inhibition of transformation could be demonstrated at a concentration that did not affect the growth and appearance of the cells. Cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was inhibited to a greater extent than was ribonucleic acid or protein synthesis. The phenomenon of "concentration quenching" was observed with high concentrations of drug, causing less inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis than was observed with lower concentrations. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was inactivated also by the 8-hydroxyquinolines and their copper complexes. No intracellular inhibition of plaque formation was observed. Treatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate had no effect on the resolution of herpetic keratitis in rabbits. Some 8-hydroxyquinolines bind to deoxyribonucleic acid in the presence of copper, a phenomenon that may be important in their antiviral activity.
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal light valves for projection display (1993)

We describe the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal light valve (PDLCLV) using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film and a Bi<sub>12</sub>SiO<sub>20</sub> (BSO) photoconductive crystal. The PDLCLV has many features suitable for large screen displays, such as no polarizer requirement, a high transmittance (72 to 78%) and high extinction ratio (146:1 to 178:1) in the entire visible wavelength, short rise/decay times (3/5 to 14/15 ms), and a high resolution (34 lp/mm). We discuss the light scattering and modulation characteristics of the PDLC film; photoconductive characteristics of the BSO crystal; and the design, fabrication method, and optical input/output characteristics of the PDLCLV. We also describe the configuration and image display characteristics of a monochrome projection-type display consisting of the PDLCLV as an image converter, an active matrix liquid crystal panel with thin film transistors as an image source, and a 1-kW xenon arc lamp as a reading light source.
Effect of cyclosporin A on T cell function in vitro: the mechanism of suppression of T cell proliferation depends on the nature of the T cell stimulus as well as the differentiation state of the responding T cell. (1982)

We have studied the effects of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CY A) on T cell activation in the guinea pig both in the presence and in the absence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2). CY A suppressed T cell activation by the mitogen, concanavalin A, by blocking IL 2 production and not by blocking the induction of IL 2 receptors. In contrast, the primary T cell proliferative responses to self-Ia antigens in the syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (SMLR) and to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic macrophages were blocked by CY A and this suppressive effect could not be corrected by addition of exogenous IL 2. T cells primed to syngeneic stimulator cells in the presence of CY A failed to develop IL 2 responsiveness even in the presence of exogenous IL 2, suggesting that CY A directly blocked induction of IL 2 receptors on the responding T cell population. In contrast, the secondary SMLR was suppressed by CY A in the absence of IL 2, but was normal when IL 2 was added to the cultures. CY A completely blocked the primary allogeneic MLR but this inhibitory effect could be reversed when exogenous IL 2 was added to the cultures. Moreover, in the presence of exogenous IL 2, CY A had no effect on the development of IL 2 responsiveness by alloreactive T cells. In addition, CY A induced a population of radiosensitive cells with suppressor activity for the primary MLR. Thus, in the guinea pig, CY A inhibits Ti cell activation both by blocking IL 2 production as well as by inhibiting the induction of IL 2 responsiveness. These two effects occur in the same range of CY A concentrations and are differentially dominant depending on the nature of the stimulating signal and the differentiation state of the responding T cell.
General relativistic effects in atom interferometry (2008)

Atom interferometry is now reaching sufficient precision to motivate laboratory tests of general relativity. We begin by explaining the nonrelativistic calculation of the phase shift in an atom interferometer and deriving its range of validity. From this, we develop a method for calculating the phase shift in general relativity. Both the atoms and the light are treated relativistically and all coordinate dependencies are removed, thus revealing novel terms, cancellations, and new origins for previously calculated terms. This formalism is then used to find the relativistic effects in an atom interferometer in a weak gravitational field for application to laboratory tests of general relativity. The potentially testable relativistic effects include the nonlinear three-graviton coupling, the gravity of kinetic energy, and the falling of light. We propose specific experiments, one currently under construction, to measure each of these effects. These experiments could provide a test of the principle of equivalence to 1 part in ${10}^{15}$ (300 times better than the present limit), and general relativity at the 10% level, with many potential future improvements. We also consider applications to other metrics including the Lense-Thirring effect, the expansion of the Universe, and preferred frame and location effects.
Landscape of immunogenic tumor antigens in successful immunotherapy of virally induced epithelial cancer (2017)

Immunotherapy has clinical activity in certain virally associated cancers. However, the tumor antigens targeted in successful treatments remain poorly defined. We used a personalized immunogenomic approach to elucidate the global landscape of antitumor T cell responses in complete regression of human papillomavirus-associated metastatic cervical cancer after tumor-infiltrating adoptive T cell therapy. Remarkably, immunodominant T cell reactivities were directed against mutated neoantigens or a cancer germline antigen, rather than canonical viral antigens. T cells targeting viral tumor antigens did not display preferential in vivo expansion. Both viral and nonviral tumor antigen-specific T cells resided predominantly in the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-expressing T cell compartment, which suggests that PD-1 blockade may unleash diverse antitumor T cell reactivities. These findings suggest a new paradigm of targeting nonviral antigens in immunotherapy of virally associated cancers.