gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic question generation for decision tree based state tying (2002)

Decision tree based state tying uses so-called phonetic questions to assign triphone states to reasonable acoustic models. These phonetic questions are in fact phonetic categories such as vowels, plosives or fricatives. The assumption behind this is that context phonemes which belong to the same phonetic class have a similar influence on the pronunciation of a phoneme. For a new phoneme set, which has to be used, for example, when switching to a different corpus, a phonetic expert is needed to define proper phonetic questions. In this paper a new method is presented which automatically defines good phonetic questions for a phoneme set. This method uses the intermediate clusters from a phoneme clustering algorithm which are reduced to an appropriate number afterwards. Recognition results on the Wall Street Journal data for within-word and across-word phoneme models show competitive performance of the automatically generated questions with our best handcrafted question set.
Mono-segment Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (2006)

Study design: A retrospective follow-up study comparing soft disc cervical myelopathy (Group A) and spondylotic bar cervical myelopathy (Group B). Objectives: To analyze different factors by comparing preoperative radiological and clinical data of Group A with that of Group B. Summary and Literature Review: The different causes of cervcal myelopathy resulted in different symptoms and prognoses. Material and Methods: A clinical and radiological analysis of the data in 31 patients who underwent an anterior cervical decompression and fusion was performed to assess the different factors between two groups. The patients were classified into two groups; 20 in Group A and 11 in Group B. Comparisons between the two groups were made in regard to the physical findings, radiological and clinical evaluation. Results: The duration of myelopathy was 3 months in Group A and 8.7months in Group B. Of all cases, 5 cases (25.0%) in group A and 4 cases (36.4%) in group B had myelopathy associated with radiculopathy. Of the 20 cases in group A with myelopathy, 7 cases had a median compression and 13 cases had a paramedian compression on MRI. Of the 11 cases in group B with meylopathy, 9 cases had a median compression and 2 cases had a paramedian compression on MRI. The follow-up MRI of the 14 cases (73.7%) in group A and 2 cases (20.0%) in group B showed spontaneous regression of the T2 WI high signal intensity. Conclusion: In degenerative disc disease, the different causes of cervcal myelopathy result in different symptoms and prognoses. However, the treatment of choice in both groups is a one level anterior decompression and fusion.
<title>Er-doped glass waveguide amplifiers on silicon</title> (1997)

Recent developments in Er-doped glass waveguide amplifiers on silicon will be reviewed. In a number of devices usable gain at practical pump powers was demonstrated in packaged devices. Challenges of integration of waveguide amplifier devices into silicon optical bench technology will be discussed.
Methods for parallel-detection-based ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (2002)

The research reported here focuses on ultrasound-modulated optical tomography based on parallel speckle detection. Four methods were investigated for signal acquisition and analysis, in which laser speckle statistics was applied. The methods were compared with the previously used four-phase method in the imaging of all-biological-tissue samples, in which the buried objects were also biological tissues. The image quality obtained with these methods was comparable with that obtained with the four-phase method; in addition, these methods have advantages in reducing acquisition time and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
Une approche probabiliste pour la reconnaissance des sommaires (2005)

Document Analysis and Recognition consist in translating their images into an electronic form that can be reusable.\nThe analysis extracts the document layout structure from its image, and the recognition assigns to the layout structure\ncomponents their logical functions in the document. In this article, we present our work on recognition of a category of documents in which the logical structure is based on typographical tagging such as table of contents. We propose a\nperceptual approach that extracts these typographical tagging directly from document images. However, the structures\nof such documents are complex and variable. Their complexity can cause errors in the analysis output, which influence\ndirectly the recognition task, while their variability requires defining a generic form of logical structures and the related\nrecognition tasks. Our goal is to consider the document structure recognition problem even though these difficulties\noccur. We developed a automatic recognition system based on a hybrid model combining a bayesian classifier and a\nprobabilistic automaton. The classifier is responsible of drawing a correspondence between text blocks extracted from\ndocument images and basic logical entities, while the automaton deals with grouping these entities into a hierarchical\nlogical structure. This hybrid model is built by semi-supervised learning based on knowledge provided by the user on\nthe one hand, and the typographical properties of our documents, on the other hand. This system has been\nexperimented for automatic indexing of tables of contents in periodicals and journals. The complexity and the variability\nof these documents allow us to show the efficiency of the approach.
Usefulness of a developed four-channel EGG system with running spectrum analysis (2000)

Electrogastrography (EGG) is a method of measuring action potentials on the abdomen. It is noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to measure. However, the EGG signal has a very low frequency (0.05 Hz) and an extremely low amplitude (10-100 microV). Consequently, its measured waveform is difficult to analyze and it is not yet completely understood. In this study, a four-channel EGG measurement system was built to measure the action potential of the stomach. This system was compared with the commercially available one-channel Digitrapper EGG. The 3 cpm percentages were compared between the best channel of the four-channel system and channel 1, whose electrode position was similar to the commercially available one-channel system for normal subjects. The average 3 cpm percentage of the best channel and channel 1 for preprandial measurement was 89.5% and 83.2%, respectively, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Also the average 3 cpm percentage of the best channel and channel 1 for postprandial measurement was 90.4% and 76.5%, respectively, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.003). From these results, it can be concluded that a multi-channel EGG system is required for better EGG measurement.
Dynamic Model Identification for Industrial Robots (2009)

Acta Polytechnica Hungarica
Device architecture for metasurface integrated uncooled SixGeyO1-x-y infrared microbolometers (2019)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, characterization, and noise reduction of metasurface based uncooled infrared microbolometers with focus on device architecture. Two designs are investigated. In the first design, the devices are fabricated with the legs positioned underneath the microbolometer pixel. This is facilitated by the use of the metasurface which removes the need for a Fabry-Perot 1/4 cavity. Placing the legs underneath the pixel permits longer legs without sacrificing fill factor and raises the thermal resistance between the microbolometer and the substrate. The metasurface potentially allows spectrally dependent IR absorption. The second design extends this architecture to include a second microbolometer suspended above the first microbolometer to form a single pixel. Metasurfaces on each microbolometer can be designed to capture a portion of the spectrum with the combined structure maximizing the total absorptance across the Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) band. The TCR and resistivity are measured on the fabricated devices with and without the addition of the metasurface for both designs. The metasurface produces a slight increase in the TCR 5% to 12% and a dramatic reduction in the resistivity (>5×) which leads to a two order of magnitude reduction in the microbolometer noise voltage Power Spectral Density (PSD) after annealing in vacuum. The measured single cavity microbolometer has a voltage responsivity of 4.1×10<sup>4</sup> V/W and detectivity of 3.57×10<sup>8</sup> cm·Hz<sup>1/2</sup>/W.
Psychiatric Problems of the Deaf Child (1975)

The presence of deafness in children creates a higher risk for emotional maladjustment. In a group of 172 deaf children seen at CPRI over 70 percent had an additional central nervous system disorder. Specialized audiometric and psychometric testing must be used to differentiate deaf children from other psychiatric disorders in children. There is a void in our knowledge regarding the cause of brain damage in a significant number of deaf children, despite early diagnosis. Familial type deafness, although a significant cause of deafness in some studies was not significant at a children's mental health setting. Mental retardation and severity of deafness are not related and care must be taken not to mislabel each handicap because of their different needs, despite the fact that the conditions do merge. Deafness does not produce any specific psychiatric syndrome, although more hyperkinetic and immature deaf children were seen in this study. ‘Pathological’ homes are associated with antisocial disorders in deaf children, as they are with normal hearing, delinquent children. So-called ‘good’ homes err on the side of protectiveness, resulting in dependent, immature, anxious deaf children. The presence of mental retardation and deafness reduced the perplexity of mothers but will more likely lead to separation from the family. There is a tightening of parenting bonds to healthy siblings of a deaf child with possible exclusion of the deaf child. Some staff in a mental health setting should be trained in ‘manualisms’ but all can reach out to the deaf child. Further studies of this kind can lead to better understanding of psychological problems in the deaf child, which in turn can lead to improved parenting and serve as a base to the development of preventive mental health programs.
PCR-Based Method for Isolation of Full-Length Clones and Splice Variants from cDNA Libraries (1997)

Most cDNA library screening procedures do not distinguish between full-length and incomplete clones and therefore may yield incomplete cDNA fragments. Thus, there is a widespread need for a method allowing the efficient selection of full-length clones. I present a rapid, PCR-based method that allows the simultaneous screening of > 10(6) cDNAs. The longest cDNA is identified in the first step so that incomplete clones may be eliminated from study at this stage to save time. The method also facilitates the identification and isolation of rare splice variants from a background of a more abundant variant.
RECENT PROGRESS OF PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTIONS FOR NONVOLATILE VLSI (2012)

We review recent developments in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular easy axis (p-MTJs) for nonvolatile very large scale integrated circuits (VLSIs). So far, a number of material systems such as rare-earth/transition metal alloys, L1 0 -ordered ( Co, Fe )– Pt alloys, Co /( Pd, Pt ) multilayers, and ferromagnetic-alloy/oxide stacks have been proposed as electrodes in p-MTJs. Among them, p-MTJs with single or double ferromagnetic-alloy/oxide stacks, particularly CoFeB–MgO , were shown to have high potential to satisfy major requirements for integration.
Nonlinear optical effects in rotationally-twinned crystals: An evaluation of CdTe, ZnTe and ZnSe (1977)

Recent experiments have demonstrated that enhanced nonlinear optical effects may be produced in 43 m crystals containing rotational twins. The enhancement arises from addition of the nonlinear optical power generated from different domains of the crystal. For randomly-spaced rotational twins, the enhancement is proportional to the number of twin planes, N, and for equally-spaced twin planes the enhancement is proportional to N 2. A comparison is made between CdTe, ZnTe, and ZnSe as to their potential usefulness as nonlinear optical crystals emploing rotational twins for phase matching. Criteria for determining optimum twin spacing are given, and applications to various nonlinear optical processes are discussed.
Secure positioning in a UAV swarm using on-board stereo cameras (2014)

The widespread use of quadcopters as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provides a number of application possibilities, mostly using a collaborative swarm of small UAVs to optimise critical missions. The common application domains for small UAV swarms are surveillance, path planning, air-bone and as relay networks. Cooperative applications make use of the UAVs' locations to make decisions. However, security vulnerabilities must be considered when the system infers rights based on the UAV's location. An attacker can cheat the system by declaring a false or inaccurate location to gain access to resources that are restricted or to undertake malicious activities without detection. In this paper, we propose the use of a UAV payload stereo camera to measure the distance between a UAV, called a prover node, and the set of closest verifier nodes. Using a multilateration algorithm to estimate the prover's position, we performed simulations for two cameras with different capabilities. The simulations showed that the proposed technique provides 98% validation accuracy for distances up to 50 m for 1280x720-resolution cameras and more than 99% validation accuracy for distances up to 100 m for 1920x1080-resolution cameras. For distances greater than 100 m between the prover and the verifiers, the accuracy depends exclusively on the stereo camera with the highest capacity.
Remote monitoring of buildings using a ground-based SAR: Application to cultural heritage survey (2000)

In this Letter, the authors describe an innovative application of radar interferometric techniques aimed to monitor structural deformations of buildings. The proposed application is based on the use of ground-based instrumentation able to operate as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). Preliminary experimental results on a model of an historical building encourage the development of this technique for use in architectural heritage survey.
Power System Static-State Estimation, Part I: Exact Model (1970)

The static state of an electric power system is defined as the vector of the voltage magnitudes and angles at all network buses. The static-state estimator is a data processing algorithm far converting redundant meter readings and other available information into an estimate of the static-state vector. Discussions center on the general nature of the problem, mathematical modeling, an interative technique for calculating the state estimate, and concepts underlying the detection and identification of modeling errors. Problems of interconnected systems are considered. Results of some initial computer simulation tests are discussed.
An MRI-based stereotactic atlas from 250 young normal subjects (1992)

DCE-MRI and IHC can be used in patients with MM to visualize tumor microvascularity and to characterize tumor heterogeneity. DCE-MRI and IHC results positively correlated, though moderately, but these two methods present as essential tumor biomarkers. This multimodal characterization may be useful in selecting possible tumor subtypes that would benefit from antiangiogenic therapy.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection (2015)

Our results suggest that FMT may be a cost-saving intervention in managing RCDI. Implementation of FMT for RCDI may help decrease the economic burden to the healthcare system.
Inverted bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic device using a solution-derived ZnO underlayer (2006)

Inverted organic photovoltaic devices based on a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and a fullerene have been developed by inserting a solution-processed ZnO interlayer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and the active layer using Ag as a hole-collecting back contact. Efficient electron extraction through the ZnO and hole extraction through the Ag, with minimal loss in open-circuit potential, is observed with a certified power conversion efficiency of 2.58%. The inverted architecture removes the need for the use of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) as an ITO modifier and for the use of a low-work-function metal as the back contact in the device.
Vibriobactin Biosynthesis in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>:  VibH Is an Amide Synthase Homologous to Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Condensation Domains (2000)

The Vibrio cholerae siderophore vibriobactin is biosynthesized from three molecules of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB), two molecules of L-threonine, and one of norspermidine. Of the four genes positively implicated in vibriobactin biosynthesis, we have here expressed, purified, and assayed the products of three: vibE, vibB, and vibH. All three are homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) domains: VibE is a 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-adenosyl monophosphate ligase, VibB is a bifunctional isochorismate lyase-aryl carrier protein (ArCP), and VibH is a novel amide synthase that represents a free-standing condensation (C) domain. VibE and VibB are homologous to EntE and EntB from Escherichia coli enterobactin synthetase; VibE activates DHB as the acyl adenylate and then transfers it to the free thiol of the phosphopantetheine arm of VibB's ArCP domain. VibH then condenses this DHB thioester (the donor) with the small molecule norspermidine (the acceptor), forming N(1)-(2, 3-dihydroxybenzoyl)norspermidine (DHB-NSPD) with a k(cat) of 600 min(-1) and a K(m) for acyl-VibB of 0.88 microM and for norspermidine of 1.5 mM. Exclusive monoacylation of a primary amine of norspermidine was observed. VibH also tolerates DHB-acylated EntB and 1,7-diaminoheptane, octylamine, and hexylamine as substrates, albeit at lowered catalytic efficiencies. DHB-NSPD possesses one of three acylations required for mature vibriobactin, and its formation confirms VibH's role in vibriobactin biosynthesis. VibH is a unique NRPS condensation domain that acts upon an upstream carrier-protein-bound donor and a downstream amine, turning over a soluble amide product, in contrast to an archetypal NRPS-embedded C domain that condenses two carrier protein thioesters.
Insulin resistance and fuel homeostasis: the role of AMP‐activated protein kinase (2009)

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related disorders of the metabolic syndrome (MS) has reached epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance (IR) is a major perturbation that characterizes these disorders. Extra-adipose accumulation of lipid, particularly within the liver and skeletal muscle, is closely linked with the development of IR. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway plays an important role in the regulation of both lipid and glucose metabolism. Through its effects to increase fatty acid oxidation and inhibit lipogenesis, AMPK activity in the liver and skeletal muscle could be expected to ameliorate lipid accumulation and associated IR in these tissues. In addition, AMPK promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and suppresses glucose output from the liver via insulin-independent mechanisms. These characteristics make AMPK a highly attractive target for the development of strategies to curb the prevalence and costs of T2D. Recent insights into the regulation of AMPK and mechanisms by which it modulates fuel metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle are discussed here. In addition, we consider the arguments for and against the hypothesis that dysfunctional AMPK contributes to IR. Finally we review studies which assess AMPK as an appropriate target for the prevention and treatment of T2D and MS.
Identification of a Conserved Motif in the Yeast Golgi GDP-mannose Transporter Required for Binding to Nucleotide Sugar (2001)

Glycoproteins and lipids in the Golgi complex are modified by the addition of sugars. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these terminal Golgi carbohydrate modifications primarily involve mannose additions that utilize GDP-mannose as the substrate. The transport of GDP-mannose from its site of synthesis in the cytosol into the lumen of the Golgi is mediated by the VRG4 gene product, a nucleotide sugar transporter that is a member of a large family of related membrane proteins. Loss of VRG4 function leads to lethality, but several viable vrg4 mutants were isolated whose GDP-mannose transport activity was reduced but not obliterated. Mutations in these alleles mapped to a region of the Vrg4 protein that is highly conserved among other GDP-mannose transporters but not other types of nucleotide sugar transporters. Here, we present evidence that suggest an involvement of this region of the protein in binding GDP-mannose. Most of the mutations that were introduced within this conserved domain, spanning amino acids 280-291 of Vrg4p, lead to lethality, and none interfere with Vrg4 protein stability, localization, or dimer formation. The null phenotype of these mutant vrg4 alleles can be complemented by their overexpression. Vesicles prepared from vrg4 mutant strains were reduced in luminal GDP-mannose transport activity, but this effect could be suppressed by increasing the concentration of GDP-mannose in vitro. Thus, either an increased substrate concentration, in vitro, or an increased Vrg4 protein concentration, in vivo, can suppress these vrg4 mutant phenotypes. Vrg4 proteins with alterations in this region were reduced in binding to guanosine 5'-[gamma-(32)P]triphosphate gamma-azidoanilide, a photoaffinity substrate analogue whose binding to Vrg4-HAp was specifically inhibited by GDP-mannose. Taken together, these data are consistent with the model that amino acids in this region of the yeast GDP-mannose transporter mediate the recognition of or binding to nucleotide sugar prior to its transport into the Golgi.
Three-dimensional FSS elements with wide frequency and angular response (2013)

In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional frequency-selective surface (FSS) element that generates a flat bandpass response over a wide band, as well as controllable low-pass angular response. The unit cell, which consists of a waveguide element with two connected cascaded radiating elements, exhibits a flat bandpass response over the frequency range 13 GHz to 24 GHz, i.e. a -3dB bandwidth (BW/f0) of 66.6%. We show that the angular response of the FSS can be controlled by changing its periodicity, which, in turn, determines the angle at which the first higher-order Floquet harmonic begins to propagate.