gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OpenMSI: A High-Performance Web-Based Platform for Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2013)

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables researchers to directly probe endogenous molecules directly within the architecture of the biological matrix. Unfortunately, efficient access, management, and analysis of the data generated by MSI approaches remain major challenges to this rapidly developing field. Despite the availability of numerous dedicated file formats and software packages, it is a widely held viewpoint that the biggest challenge is simply opening, sharing, and analyzing a file without loss of information. Here we present OpenMSI, a software framework and platform that addresses these challenges via an advanced, high-performance, extensible file format and Web API for remote data access (http://openmsi.nersc.gov). The OpenMSI file format supports storage of raw MSI data, metadata, and derived analyses in a single, self-describing format based on HDF5 and is supported by a large range of analysis software (e.g., Matlab and R) and programming languages (e.g., C++, Fortran, and Python). Careful optimization of the storage layout of MSI data sets using chunking, compression, and data replication accelerates common, selective data access operations while minimizing data storage requirements and are critical enablers of rapid data I/O. The OpenMSI file format has shown to provide >2000-fold improvement for image access operations, enabling spectrum and image retrieval in less than 0.3 s across the Internet even for 50 GB MSI data sets. To make remote high-performance compute resources accessible for analysis and to facilitate data sharing and collaboration, we describe an easy-to-use yet powerful Web API, enabling fast and convenient access to MSI data, metadata, and derived analysis results stored remotely to facilitate high-performance data analysis and enable implementation of Web based data sharing, visualization, and analysis.
An Alignment Interferometer for Precision Straightness-Measurements and Control Even of Rapidly Moving Carriages (1961)

A new, easily adjusted and very stable interferometer, defining a semistatic fringe field by reflection on two mirrors, has permitted a simple solution to the problem of rapid and accurate alignment of moving carriages, of fixed reference beams, and of carriage-ways in the interferometric domain. Precisions in the 0.1-sec-of-arc range are easily obtained in visual work in rotations up to minutes of arc, without the usual limitations of slow fringe counting and of loss of fringe-contrast at large path differences in particular. In fact, the fringe-contrast is independent of the distance from the reference-support to the moving mirrors in this interferometer, and permits measurements and alignments over traverses and distances of many feet if required. Precisions in the 0.01-sec-of-arc range and better can be obtained with the help of electronic location of interference fringes. Experiments with carriages moving at rates up to 1-foot/sec and over distances of the order of 112 ft have demonstrated the versatility of the alignment interferometer in various applications, in particular in the alignment of ways on a velocity-of-light apparatus and on ruling engines.
Nanocrystalline iron based powder cores for high frequency applications (2006)

AbstrAct Purpose: The aim of this paper was to develop a various nanocrystalline powder cores with different polymers as a binder and investigate their magnetic properties (especially permeability and power losses) at high frequency range. Design/methodology/approach: Numerous experimental techniques were used to characterize starting powders: laser particles analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mossbauer spectrometry (MS). The dynamic magnetic properties at the frequency range from 50 Hz up to 100 kHz of nanocrystalline iron based powder cores were measured using computerized hysteresis loop tracer Remacomp C-100 and Ferrometr device. Findings: It was found from the experimental studies, that nanocrystalline powder cores proved to be suitable for high frequency applications. Their frequency dependences are comparable to that of permalloy or carbonyl iron powder cores but shows smaller power losses.
Low bit-rate coding of image sequences using adaptive regions of interest (1998)

An adaptive algorithm for extracting foreground objects from background in videophone or videoconference applications is presented. The algorithm uses a neural network architecture that classifies the video frames in regions of interest (ROI) and non-ROI areas, also being able to automatically adapt its performance to scene changes. The algorithm is incorporated in motion-compensated discrete cosine transform (MC-DCT)-based coding schemes, allocating more bits to ROI than to non-ROI areas. Simulation results are presented, using the Claire and Trevor sequences, which show reconstructed images of better quality, as well as signal-to-noise ratio improvements of about 1.4 dB, compared to those achieved by standard MC-DCT encoders.
Biomechanical Comparison of Interference Screws and Combination Screw and Sheath Devices for Soft Tissue Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Tibial Side (2013)

It is important to consider that these results represent device performance in an in vitro animal model and are not directly transferrable to an in vivo clinical situation. The combination of a sheath and screw did not consistently result in improved fixation characteristics compared with interference screw fixation.
Sol-gel synthesized far-red chromium-doped garnet phosphors for phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes that meet the photomorphogenetic needs of plants (2014)

We report the sol-gel synthesis and characterization of far-red garnet phosphors Gd(3)Ga(5)O(12) (GGG:Cr), Y(3)Ga(5)O(12) (YGG:Cr), Lu(3)Ga(5)O(12) (LGG:Cr), and Gd(3)Sc(2)Ga(3)O(12) (GSGG:Cr) doped with different chromium (III) concentration (3, 5, and 8 mol. %). The morphological and luminescence properties of the phosphors annealed at different temperatures (1000°C, 1300°C, 1400°C, and 1500°C) were examined using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and PL excitation (PLE) spectroscopy, and by the measurements of diffuse reflection, PL internal quantum efficiency (QE), and PL decay time. The PLE spectra of the samples were found to peak at around 450 nm depending on the host, and luminescence was observed in the region of 700-760 nm. The QE was found to strongly depend on doping concentration and calcination temperature, and the PL decay exhibited biexponential behavior. The investigated far-red garnet phosphors, in particular GGG:Cr and YGG:Cr, show a potential for use in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes that meet the photomorphogenetic needs of plants.
Trimethylamine N-oxide alleviates the severe aggregation and ER stress caused by G98R alphaA-crystallin. (2009)

The natural osmolyte and chemical chaperone TMAO reduced the aggregation of G98R CRYAA. This alleviated ER stress and rescued the affected cells from apoptosis. Our results showed that the chemical chaperone reduces mutant CRYAA aggregates in lens cells. We suggest a potential chemical-based strategy to reduce lens opacity formation.
MULE: Multimodal Universal Language Embedding (2019)

Existing vision-language methods typically support two languages at a time at most. In this paper, we present a modular approach which can easily be incorporated into existing vision-language methods in order to support many languages. We accomplish this by learning a single shared Multimodal Universal Language Embedding (MULE) which has been visually-semantically aligned across all languages. Then we learn to relate MULE to visual data as if it were a single language. Our method is not architecture specific, unlike prior work which typically learned separate branches for each language, enabling our approach to easily be adapted to many vision-language methods and tasks. Since MULE learns a single language branch in the multimodal model, we can also scale to support many languages, and languages with fewer annotations can take advantage of the good representation learned from other (more abundant) language data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MULE on the bidirectional image-sentence retrieval task, supporting up to four languages in a single model. In addition, we show that Machine Translation can be used for data augmentation in multilingual learning, which, combined with MULE, improves mean recall by up to 21.9% on a single-language compared to prior work, with the most significant gains seen on languages with relatively few annotations. Our code is publicly available.
The seven deadly sins of cloud computing research (2012)

Research into distributed parallelism on cloud has surged lately. As the research agenda and methodology in this area are being established, we observe a tendency towards certain common simplifications and shortcuts employed by researchers, which we provocatively term sins. We believe that these sins, in some cases, are threats to the scientific integrity and practical applicability of the research presented. In this paper, we identify and discuss seven deadly sins (many of which we have ourselves committed!), present evidence illustrating that they pose real problems, and discuss ways for the community to avoid them in the future.
Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (1988)

The combination of capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography with mass spectrometry promises to be an important new tool. It can be used where solutes can not be examined by GC-MS (due to thermal sensitivity and/or volatility). It also complements HPLC-MS by providing higher chromatographic efficiency and easier solvent elimination. This work focuses on mass spectrometer interface design, tuning techniques and several practical considerations encountered when performing SFC-MS determinations. Examples of both food and drug-related applications are presented.
UAV Attitude estimation by vanishing points in catadioptric images (2008)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are the subject of an increasing interest in many applications and a key requirement is the stabilization of the vehicle. Some previous works have suggested using catadioptric vision, instead of traditional perspective cameras, in order to gather much more information from the environment and therefore improve the robustness of the UAV attitude estimation. This paper belongs to a series of recent publications of our research group concerning catadioptric vision for UAVs. Currently, we focus on the estimation of the complete attitude of a UAV flying in urban environment. In order to avoid the limitations of horizon-based approaches, the difficulties of traditional epipolar methods (such as rotation-translation ambiguity, lack of features, retrieving motion parameters from matrix decomposition, etc..) and improve UAV dynamic control, we suggest computing infinite homography. We show how catadioptric vision plays a key role to: first, extract a large number of lines, second robustly estimate the associated vanishing points and third, track them even during long video sequences. Therefore it is not only possible to estimate the relative rotation between consecutive frames but also compute the absolute rotation between two distant frames without error accumulation. Finally, we present some experimental results with ground truth data to demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of our method.
LEUCOAGGLUTINATION IN VITRO (2013)

Phenomenon such as cold agglutination of red blood cells and platelets are well recognized and extensively studied. Nevertheless, aggregation of leukocytes in vitro is a rare phenomenon and may result in pseudoleukopenia. The exact mechanism for this phenomenon has not been elucidated. We report one such rare case where a male patient with HIV presented with leucopenia. The analysis of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated blood was done on Coulter LH 750 hematology analyzer. The Volume Conductivity Scatter (VCS) parameters and histogram generated were inconclusive .The peripheral smear revealed small aggregates of leucocytes. The leucoaggregates were reversed on incubating the blood sample at 37 degree Celsius for 30 minutes. This suggests the role of a temperature dependent antibody causing clumping of leucocytes; possibly in conjunction with EDTA.
A normal form for relational databases that is based on domains and keys (1981)

A new normal form for relational databases, called domain-key normal form (DK/NF), is defined. Also, formal definitions of insertion anomaly and deletion anomaly are presented. It is shown that a schema is in DK/NF if and only if it has no insertion or deletion anomalies. Unlike previously defined normal forms, DK/NF is not defined in terms of traditional dependencies (functional, multivalued, or join). Instead, it is defined in terms of the more primitive concepts of domain and key, along with the general concept of a “constraint.” We also consider how the definitions of traditional normal forms might be modified by taking into consideration, for the first time, the combinatorial consequences of bounded domain sizes. It is shown that after this modification, these traditional normal forms are all implied by DK/NF. In particular, if all domains are infinite, then these traditional normal forms are all implied by DK/NF.
Biodegradable and pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Designed for Site-Specific Delivery in Agriculture (2015)

We report the synthesis and characterization of pH-responsive polysuccinimide-based nanoparticles. Polysuccinimide (PSI), a precursor to biodegradable poly(aspartic acid), was synthesized from the condensation of l-aspartic acid and subsequently functionalized with primary amines to form random amphiphilic copolymers. The copolymers formed stable nanoparticles in aqueous medium via nanoprecipitation and were subsequently loaded with a model hydrophobic molecule to demonstrate their potential as controlled-release delivery vehicles. It was found that above pH 7, the hydrophobic succinimidyl units of the PSI nanoparticles hydrolyzed to release encapsulated materials. The release rate significantly increased at elevated pH and decreased with an increasing degree of functionalization. Finally, plant toxicity studies showed that the polymer materials exhibit little to no toxic effects at biologically relevant concentrations.
Births in the United States, 2013. (2014)

Childbearing is on the decline in the United States overall and among women under age 30 and women in each of the largest race and Hispanic origin groups. Childbearing continues to rise among older women, however, with rates for women aged 35 and over at the highest levels seen in approximately 50 years. After more than a decade of steady rises, cesarean delivery rates are trending slightly downward; a recent report revealed larger declines for 2009-2013 among women at low risk for cesarean delivery than for all women with cesareans. Following several years of relative stability, twinning rates were up for 2013; a recent report based on 2012 data revealed that triplet and higher-order multiple births have been trending sharply downward. Declines in the incidence of preterm deliveries, especially in conjunction with reductions in low birthweight (albeit modest) and in perinatal mortality, suggest some recent progress in improving pregnancy outcome in the United States. The forthcoming report "Births: Final Data for 2013" will present more information on the topics addressed in this report and selected others.
Conjugal transfer of nisin plasmid genes from Streptococcus lactis 7962 to Leuconostoc dextranicum 181 (1987)

Acriflavine-generated mutants of Streptococcus lactis 7962 with various combinations of plasmid molecular masses were screened for nisin production. Nisin was produced by both the wild type and mutants that contained a 17.5-megadalton plasmid, which was obscured by chromosomal fragments. No nisin was produced by plasmid-free mutants. Sucrose fermentation and nisin production were simultaneously expressed. A transconjugant obtained from nisin-producing donor S. lactis 7962 and recipient Leuconostoc dextranicum 181 was a "supernisin" producer. The L. dextranicum Nis+ transconjugant was resistant to S. lactis 7962 phage and vancomycin (greater than 1,000 micrograms/ml), and it contained an extra 17.5-megadalton plasmid.
Hierarchies of Discrimination in Baby Making: A Response to Professor Carroll (2013)

First, I applaud Professor Carroll’s effort to examine these issues through the lens of equality rather than through the lens of liberty. I myself advocated such an approach in Equal Liberty: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Equality. The reason for the turn to equality is that the prospect of discrimination with respect to assisted reproductive technologies is very troubling, but finding a fundamental right to procreate with the assistance of reproductive technology and reproductive collaborators goes much too far. Such an approach would appear to invalidate almost every law restricting access to the technology or the materials necessary for procreation, including laws limiting the number of in vitro embryos that could be implanted in a woman’s body at the same time, or even laws proscribing reproductive cloning. Professor Carroll may be correct when she contends that it does not matter whether or not there is a fundamental right to procreate that encompasses surrogacy, if marital status discrimination with respect to surrogacy is not rationally related to any legitimate governmental purpose. That was clearly true of Italy’s Law 40, which confined use of ARTs to married or “stable” heterosexual couples while at the same time denying use of the technology to single persons and homosexuals. Italy’s marital status requirement could not be justified as protecting children by ensuring that they are born into stable two-parent families because the law permitted unmarried but “stable” heterosexual couples access to ARTs, yet refused to extend the same privileges to equally stable homosexual couples. Stripped of the familial stability rationale, such a law fails any level of review and hence should be deemed unconstitutional: it is revealed as resting solely upon societal disapproval or prejudice, rather than any legitimate governmental interest. But is marital status discrimination always irrational? Professor Mutcherson points out that there may be good reasons to restrict surrogacy to married couples:
Closed versus open cycle energy recovery from solid oxide fuel cells (2008)

A computer model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was implemented with a number of operational options to evaluate the best use of the cell waste heat. The simplest solution for heat recovery is represented by adopting a pressurized fuel cell with the eventual expansion of the exhaust stream in a gas turbine. Other alternatives feature the adoption of various closed cycle recovery systems: a standard steam cycle, an inter-refrigerated helium cycle, and an advanced binary cycle. Assuming a fuel energy input of 100 MW, the overall efficiency of a hybrid cell was computed, which was much higher than that of a small capacity (100 kW) existing plant (67 versus ∼53 per cent). Such high efficiency hybrid SOFC systems were taken as the reference to evaluate the performance of alternate options. Reclaiming the cell waste heat by means of a subcritical steam cycle yields a performance similar to that of a hybrid system. Similar results are obtained resorting to a closed helium cycle. Advanced binary cycles, using either potassium or cesium as working fluids, were extensively investigated in view of achieving a superior overall performance. The hot, clean stream exhausted by the fuel cell is recognized as an ideal heat source for a binary plant. The SOFC-binary cycle system was fully optimized yielding top efficiencies ∼74 per cent and an additional power output of ∼45 per cent of the cell rating (30 per cent in the case of the hybrid system). The excellent efficiency of a binary cycle combined with the large amount of oxygen that is available in the cell exhaust flow suggests that a supplementary firing of the fuel could improve the overall merit of the system. Burning 75 per cent of the additional natural gas, for example, reduces the total efficiency to a level of that of a hybrid system but makes available an extra power 1.35 times greater than the fuel cell capacity. Pushing further this concept, the fuel cell could become an auxiliary equipment of a binary cycle.
The research and application of indoor location algorithm based on wireless sensor network (2011)

In recent years, with the development of the location technology, the services based on location are more and more needed by people. The typical applications include indoor navigation, children track, tourist guide, and car monitoring and so on. In this paper, aiming at wireless sensor network, we study several indoor wireless location algorithms. And we focus on analyzing the principle and characteristic of the received signal strength technology, and then apply it to intelligent parking system.
Optically powered optical interconnection system (1989)

A wavelength-multiplexed optical interconnection system in which the electrical power is provided by an optical source is discussed. The optical power and data signals, operating at two different wavelengths, are multiplexed onto a single fiber at the local terminal, and demultiplexed at a remote terminal. The optical power is then converted to electrical power by an array of photovoltaic cells, providing bias control to a data-detection circuit. The system operates at 45 Mb/s, the remote receiver dissipates 2.6 mW, and there is negligible optical crosstalk between the power and data channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The anharmonic Casimir oscillator (ACO)-the Casimir effect in a model microelectromechanical system (1995)

The Casimir effect is the attractive pressure between two flat parallel plates of solids that arises from quantum fluctuations in the ground state of the electromagnetic field. The magnitude of this pressure varies as the inverse fourth power of the separation between the plates. At a 20 nm separation between two metallic plates, the attraction is approximately 0.08 atmosphere. If one or both plates are nonconducting the pressure is smaller, roughly by an order of magnitude. As an idealized MEMS component that takes account of the Casimir effect, the anharmonic Casimir oscillator (ACO) is introduced and shown to be a bi-stable system for certain values of the dimensionless parameter, C, which characterizes the system. The phenomenon of "stiction" in MEMS is then explained as analogous to an ACO energetically descending to and settling in an equilibrium state that is very stable against perturbations for all values of C. A micromechanical switch based on the bistable ACO is proposed and modeled. The dynamics of an ACO, executing undamped periodic motion, are studied using numerical and analytical solutions of the differential equation of motion. Frequencies and amplitudes vary with C. C, in turn, is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the parallel plate separation. This extreme sensitivity makes the ACO an attractive platform for designing rather sensitive sensors and detector systems, such as submicrometer proximity sensors and microlever deflection detectors for scanning probe microscopes.
Experience with injectable long-acting risperidone in long-term therapy after an acute episode of schizophrenia: the SPHERE Study (2009)

As part of a long-term management strategy aimed at improving treatment adherence in schizophrenic patients, RLAI was prescribed to a wide spectrum of patients with an acute episode of schizophrenia during hospitalization and at the time of discharge from emergency/acute care facilities. RLAI was well tolerated in the study population and the overall impression of patients, primary caregivers and relatives to RLAI therapy was positive.