gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric hydrogenation with new chiral functionalized bisphosphine-rhodium complexes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric hydrogenation with new chiral functionalized bisphosphine-rhodium complexesKazuo AchiwaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 25, 8265–8266Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00441a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00441a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views558Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Can Cortical Silent Period and Motor Threshold Be Practical Parameters in the Comparison of Patients with Generalized Epilepsy and Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures? (2012)

The prolongation of CSP may demonstrate the differences between the pathophysiological mechanisms of GTCS and those of PNES.
Role of the Cytoskeletal Protein Paxillin in Oncogenesis (2000)

The focal adhesion is an important cellular structure that is involved in cell signaling, cell motility, and oncogenic transformation. Paxillin is a unique adapter protein that is localized to the focal adhesion and is involved in regulating various functions of the focal adhesion. The predicted amino acid structure for paxillin shows at the amino-terminus five LD motifs, a proline-rich domain, several potential phosphorylation sites and four carboxy-terminal LIM domains. Paxillin interacts with cell surface receptors and the actin cytoskeleton and activates several signal transduction pathways that are known to regulate normal cell physiology. Because paxillin is a central protein within the focal adhesion, it is a common target of many different oncoproteins, such as BCR/ABL, v-Src, and E6. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about the structure/function of paxillin and its family members, its role in integrin, cytokine signaling, and oncogenic transformation.
Beryllium-induced toxicity and its prevention by treatment with chelating agents (2000)

The efficacy of Tiron and calcium disodium EDTA in the treatment of experimental beryllium intoxication was investigated in rats. Beryllium nitrate was administered intramuscularly (50 mg kg(-1)) once only, provoking duration-dependent changes. Maximum changes were recorded after a 7-day regimen. Considerable inhibition was recorded in protein and glycogen contents, as well as in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lipid peroxidation. These parameters were restored considerably with chelation therapy, but comparatively Tiron offered better protection. These findings were further confirmed by atomic adsorption spectrophotometry. Tiron was found to be significantly more effective than CaNa(2)EDTA in reducing the beryllium concentration in the liver, kidney and lungs.
Investigation of Dissolution Enhancement of Nifedipine by Deposition on Superdisintegrants (1997)

In this study we aimed to investigate the dissolution enhancement of nifedipine by the solvent deposition technique using superdisintegrants including Ac-Di-Sol, Kollldon CL, and Explotab as excipients. The relative significance of action of solvent deposition (deposition of small drug particles on the excipient after solvent is evaporated) and action of superdislntegrant was investigated. The effect of solvent on dissolution of nifedipine in the solvent deposition system was also Investigated. Differential scanning calorlmetry (DSC) was used to study the interaction between nifedipine and superdisintegrants. Capsules and tablets of a physical mixture and a solvent deposition system of nifedipine were prepared. The dissolution rate of nifedipine of these capsules and tablets was studied. The results of this study show that solvent deposition system with lactose and super dlslntegrants in capsule and tablet dosage forms can significantly enhance dissolution rate of nifedipine. Both the action of superdislntegrant and solvent deposition contribute to the enhancement of the dissolution, but the solvent deposition is mainly responsible for this enhancement. The solvent and disintegrants used can influence the dissolution rate also. The solvent deposition system using both Kollldon CL as excipient and dichloromethane as solvent has the highest dissolution rate. DSC study indicated Kollldon CL has the strongest interaction with nifedipine also.
COMPARE: Classification of Morphological Patterns Using Adaptive Regional Elements (2007)

This paper presents a method for classification of structural brain magnetic resonance (MR) images, by using a combination of deformation-based morphometry and machine learning methods. A morphological representation of the anatomy of interest is first obtained using a high-dimensional mass-preserving template warping method, which results in tissue density maps that constitute local tissue volumetric measurements. Regions that display strong correlations between tissue volume and classification (clinical) variables are extracted using a watershed segmentation algorithm, taking into account the regional smoothness of the correlation map which is estimated by a cross-validation strategy to achieve robustness to outliers. A volume increment algorithm is then applied to these regions to extract regional volumetric features, from which a feature selection technique using support vector machine (SVM)-based criteria is used to select the most discriminative features, according to their effect on the upper bound of the leave-one-out generalization error. Finally, SVM-based classification is applied using the best set of features, and it is tested using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy. The results on MR brain images of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients demonstrate not only high classification accuracy (91.8% for female subjects and 90.8% for male subjects), but also good stability with respect to the number of features selected and the size of SVM kernel used.
Studies on Pyrazine Derivatives, XLIV: Synthesis and Tuberculostatic Activity of 4-Substituted 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2H-[1,2′]-Bis-Pyrazine Derivatives (2005)

2-chloro-3-cyanopyrazine was a substrate in the syntheses of some potentially tuberculostatic pyrazine derivatives. This compound, upon action of secondary amines, pyrazine derivatives 1-phenyl-, 1-piperonyl-, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-, 1-(2-pyridil)-, and 1-benzylpiperazine, gave the corresponding nitriles ( 1a–e ). Compounds 1c , d , e were changed into the amidoximes ( 2c , d , e ) by hydroxylamine action. Derivatives 1a–e were transformed into the corresponding thioamides ( 3a–e ) when treated with ammonium polysulphide. Two of these, thioamides, 3a and 3b , in the cyclization reactions with ethylenediamine gave the imidazolines ( 4a , b ) with phenacyl bromide—the thiazole derivatives ( 5a , b ). The compounds obtained were tested in vitro for their tuberculostatic activity. The tuberculostatic activity of compound 5b was the highest: MIC 3.1–7.8 μ g/mL.
Polytetrafluoroethylene Ingestion as a Way to Increase Food Volume and Hence Satiety Without Increasing Calorie Content (2016)

Since satiety is largely due to stretch of the stomach and people tend to eat a consistent weight of food, increasing food volume and mass increases satiety. This can be achieved without increasing the calories of food by mixing food with a material that cannot be metabolized. Such a material should be inert, safe, resistant to stomach acid, lack taste, available in powder form, smooth, resistant to heat, and cost effective. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an ideal substance for this purpose. It is a soft plastic that is widely considered to be the most inert material known and is extremely stable. Animal feeding trials showed that rats fed a diet of 25% PTFE for 90 days had no signs of toxicity and that the rats lost weight. This article publishes the data from these subchronic animal feeding trials, reviews the relevant available literature, and hypothesizes that increasing the volume of food by mixing the food with PTFE powder at a ratio of 3 parts food to 1 part PTFE by volume will substantially improve satiety and reduce caloric consumption in people.
Glutathione‐related enzymes in brain in Parkinson's disease (1994)

The activities of enzymes related to glutathione synthesis, degradation, and function were analyzed in various brain regions (cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra) from patients dying with pathologically proven Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), and from matched controls with no neurological disorder. The activity of the glutathione degradative enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, was selectively elevated in substantia nigra (SN) in PD. In contrast, the activity of the synthetic enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was unaltered in SN and other brain areas in PD. Similarly, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activities were unaltered in SN or in other brain regions in PD. gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione transferase activities were normal in SN and most other brain areas in MSA. However, glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the lateral globus pallidus and caudate nucleus in MSA. The depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the SN in PD, with no change in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), may be due to efflux of GSH mainly out of glia promoted by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, perhaps with additional increased conversion of GSH to GSSG (which itself is transported out of cells by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), in response to increased hydrogen peroxide formation.
Identification of the regions involved in DNA binding by the mouse PEBP2α protein (2000)

The polyomavirus enhancer binding protein 2alpha (PEBP2alpha) is a DNA binding transcriptional regulatory protein that binds conserved sites in the polyomavirus enhancer, mammalian type C retroviral enhancers and T-cell receptor gene enhancers. Binding of PEBP2alpha and homologous proteins to the consensus DNA sequence TGPyGGTPy is mediated through a protein domain known as the runt domain. Although recent NMR studies of DNA-bound forms of the runt domain have shown an immunoglobulin-like (Ig) fold, the identification of residues of the protein that are involved in DNA binding has been obscured by the low solubility of the runt domain. Constructs of the mouse PEBP2alphaA1 gene were generated with N- and C-terminal extensions beyond the runt homology region. The construct containing residues Asp90 to Lys225 of the sequence (PEBP2alpha90-225) yielded soluble protein. The residues that participate in DNA binding were determined by comparing the NMR spectra of free and DNA-bound PEBP2alpha90-225. Analysis of the changes in the NMR spectra of the two forms of the protein by chemical shift deviation mapping allowed the unambiguous determination of the regions that are responsible for specific DNA recognition by PEBP2alpha. Five regions in PEBP2alpha90-225 that are localized at one end of the beta-barrel were found to interact with DNA, similar to the DNA binding interactions of other Ig fold proteins.
Instabilities, defects, and defect ordering in an overdamped active nematic (2016)

We consider a phenomenological continuum theory for an extensile, overdamped active nematic liquid crystal, applicable in the dense regime. Constructed from general principles, the theory is universal, with parameters independent of any particular microscopic realization. We show that it exhibits two distinct instabilities, one of which arises due to shear forces, and the other due to active torques. Both lead to the proliferation of defects. We focus on the active torque bend instability and find three distinct nonequilibrium steady states including a defect-ordered nematic in which +½ disclinations develop polar ordering. We characterize the phenomenology of these phases and identify the relationship of this theoretical description to experimental realizations and other theoretical models of active nematics.
Oblivious Maximum Bipartite Matching Size Algorithm with Applications to Secure Fingerprint Identification (2015)

The increasing availability and use of biometric data leads to situations when sensitive biometric data is to be handled by entities who may not be fully trusted or otherwise are not authorized to have full access to such data. This calls for mechanisms of provably protecting biometric data while still allowing the computation to take place. Our focus is on privacy-preserving matching of two fingerprints (authentication or identification purposes) using traditional minutia-based representation of fingerprints that leads to the most discriminative fingerprint comparisons. Unlike previous work in the security literature, we would like to focus on algorithms that are guaranteed to find the maximum number of minutiae that can be paired together between two fingerprints leading to more accurate comparisons. To address this problem, we formulate it as a flow network problem and reduce it to finding maximum matching size in bipartite graphs. The resulting problem is in turn reduced to computing the rank of a (non-invertible) matrix, formed as a randomized adjacency matrix of the bipartite graph. We then provide data-oblivious algorithms for matrix rank computation and consecutively finding maximum matching size in a bipartite graph and also extend the algorithms to solve the problem of accurate fingerprint matching. These algorithms lead to their secure counterparts using standard secure two-party or multi-party techniques. Lastly, we implement secure fingerprint matching in the secure two-party computation setting using garbled circuit evaluation. Our experimental results demonstrate that the techniques are efficient, leading to performance similar to that of other fastest secure fingerprint matching techniques, despite higher complexity of our solution that higher accuracy demands.
Efficient linearization of the augmented plane-wave method (2001)

We present a detailed analysis of the $\mathrm{APW}+\mathrm{lo}$ basis set for band-structure calculations. This basis set consists of energy independent augmented plane-wave (APW) functions. The linearization is introduced through local orbitals evaluated at the same linearization energy as the APW functions. It is shown that results obtained with the $\mathrm{APW}+\mathrm{lo}$ basis set converge much faster and often more systematically towards the final value. The $\mathrm{APW}+\mathrm{lo}$ thereby allows accurate treatment of systems that were previously unaccessible to linearized APW. Furthermore, it is shown that $\mathrm{APW}+\mathrm{lo}$ converges to the same total energy as LAPW provided the higher angular momenta l are linearized, either by adding extra local orbitals or treating them by LAPW. It is illustrated that the APW basis functions are much closer to the true form of the eigenfunctions than the LAPW basis functions. This is especially true for basis functions that have a strong energy dependence inside the sphere.
OMG data-distribution service: architectural overview (2004)

The OMG Data-Distribution Service (DDS) is an emerging specification for publish-subscribe data-distribution systems. The purpose of the specification is to provide a common application-level interface that clearly defines the data-distribution service. The specification describes the service using UML, thus providing a platform-independent model that can then be mapped into a variety of concrete platforms and programming languages. The OMG DDS attempts to unify the common practice of several existing implementations [2, 5] enumerating and providing formal definitions for the QoS (Quality of Service) settings that can be used to configure the service. This paper introduces the OMG DDS specification, describes the main aspects of the model, QoS settings, and gives examples of the communication scenarios it supports.
3D silicon electrostatic microactuator (1993)

The fabrication of a 3D silicon linear microactuator is presented. This actuator is realized by anisotropic chemical etching of a (110) oriented silicon wafer. The silicon monolithic structure of the microactuator is constituted by a fixed part bonded on a glass substrate and a movable part suspended by two elastic beams. The displacement of the movable part is consequently frictionless and is obtained by electrostatic forces. Some mechanical and electrostatic tests are presented. Moreover, with the aim of using this device for microscopy applications, some results have been achieved concerning the isotropic etching of tips on a (110) oriented silicon wafer. It would therefore be possible to integrate a tip onto a movable part for effective application in atomic force or scanning tunneling microscopy.
Observation of Bistable Reflectivity of a Phase-Conjugated Signal through Intracavity Nearly Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (1985)

Experimental results are presented regarding the generation and bistable behavior of a conjugated signal obtained through intracavity nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier injected with both pump ($\ensuremath{\omega}$) and probe ($\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$) frequencies. Conjugated reflectivities at $\ensuremath{\omega}+\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$ larger than 500% with 35% efficiency together with bistable behavior in the three signals (pump, probe, and conjugated) are reported.
Flexomer™ Polyolefins-a Unique Class of Ethylene Copolymers for Low Temperature Film Applications (1993)

FLEXOMER TM polyolefins, referred to as very low density poly ethylenes (VLDPEs), are manufactured by a gas-phase, fluid bed process tech nology. Commercially available products typically range in density from 0.880 to 0.912 g/cc. The growing family of VLDPEs includes both narrow and broad molecular weight distribution polymers. The low crystallinity of these resins results in energy absorbing characteristics that yield outstanding low tempera ture impact properties. The lower brittleness temperature of VLPDE products provides superior low temperature performance when compared with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) copolymers.
Enzymatic polyesterification in organic media. Enzyme‐catalyzed synthesis of linear polyesters. I. Condensation polymerization of linear hydroxyesters. II. Ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (1993)

Abstract With the object to synthesize polyesters by enzymatic catalysis in organic media, two directions have been investigated: (1) the condensation polymerization of linear ω‐hydroxyesters and (2) the ring‐opening polymerization of lactones. The commercially‐available crude porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), suspended in organic solvents, was the preferred enzyme for the reactions. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the condensation polymerization, the bifunctional methyl 6‐hydroxyhexanoate was used as a model compound to study the influence of the following parameters: type of the enzymecatalyst, kind of solvent, concentration, temperature, duration, size of the reaction mixture, and stirring. Film‐forming polyesters with a degree of polymerization (DP) up to about 100 were obtained from linear aliphatic hydroxyesters in n ‐hexane at reflux temperature (69°C). Yet concurrently with the intermolecular condensation polymerization, macrolactones were also formed by intramolecular reaction. Two aromatic hydroxyesters did not react under these conditions. For the ring‐opening polymerization of lactones the reaction of ϵ‐caprolactone with methanol as the preferred nucleophile, was studied. Polyesters with a DP of up to 35 were obtained in n ‐hexane at temperatures between 25 and 40°C. The degrees of polymerization of the polyesters were determined by comparative analyses of the end groups in the 1 H‐NMR spectra and by determination of molecular weights either by vapor phase osmometry, gel permeation chromatography, or intrinsic viscosity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS STUDY ON BULK METALLIC GLASSES AND NOVEL JOINING METHOD USING BULK METALLIC GLASS SOLDER (2009)

The fracture toughness of three new compositional variants of the Zr-Ti-Be-LTM (Late Transition Metal) family of bulk metallic glasses (BMG's) are studied in the as-cast and annealed condition. Quaternary Zr-Ti-Cu-Be alloys consistently had linear elastic fracture toughness values greater than 80 MPa∙m1/2, while Vitreloy 1, a Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be alloy, had an average fracture toughness of 48.5 MPa∙m1/2 with a large amount of scatter. The addition of iron to Vitreloy 1 reduced the fracture toughness to 25 MPa∙m1/2. The Zr-Ti-Cu-Be alloy, having fracture toughness KQ = 85 MPa∙m1/2 as cast, was annealed at various time/temperature combinations. When the alloy was annealed 50C below Tg, the fracture toughness dropped to 6 MPa∙m1/2, while DSC and X-ray showed the alloy to still be amorphous. Fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The tougher samples have shown evidence of highly jagged patterns at the beginning stage of crack propagation, and the length scale and roughness of this jagged pattern correlate well with the measured fracture toughness values. These jagged patterns, the main source of energy dissipation in the sample, are attributed to the formation of shear bands inside the sample. This observation provides a strong evidence of significant “plastic zone” screening at the crack tip. Unlike the unstable fracture behavior of monolithic BMG's, ductile phase containing in-situ BMG composite shows stable crack growth behavior. Application of ductile BMG as a matrix for an in-situ composite with controlled microstructural characteristic length scales maximizes the toughening effect. In order to characterize this highly toughened BMG composite, the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concept is introduced and the J-parameter is evaluated. A novel thermoplastic bonding concept is demonstrated based on the unique rheological behavior and pattern-replication ability of bulk metallic glass forming liquids. In this approach, the bulk metallic glass is heated above Tg to the “supercooled liquid” region while a small normal force is applied to the joint. This results in liquid reflow, wetting and a strong bond. Complete wetting between copper substrates and a layer of platinum based bulk metallic glass leads to an atomistically intimate void-free interface.