gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Method for Extraction and Partial Purification of Chlorophyll from Plant Material, Using Dioxane (1974)

A convenient laboratory method for partial purification of chlorophylls using dioxane is described. Chlorophyll in crude extracts with 90%-methanol or 80%-acetone was mixed with dioxane and then precipitated by drop-wise addition of water. Chlorophyll is precipitated in spherocrystalline form, leaving the bulk of carotenoids in solution. This is an efficient method for preparing chlorophyll from various plant materials, including higher plants and algae as well as photosynthetic bacteria (bacteriochlorophyll).
Conditional stimulatzion of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve may increase cystometric capacity in patients with spinal cord injury (2003)

The authors conclude that repeated conditional short duration electrical stimulation significantly increased cystometric capacity in patients with spinal cord injury. The increase was caused mainly by an inhibition of detrusor contractions. The need for a reliable technique for chronic bladder activity monitoring is emphasized, as it is a prerequisite for clinical application of this treatment modality.
PD-L1–Independent Mechanisms Control the Resistance of Melanoma to CD4+ T Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy (2018)

Immunotherapy is becoming the standard of care for melanoma. However, resistance to therapy is a major problem. Previously, we showed that tumor-specific, cytotoxic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from tyrosinase-related protein 1 transgenic mice could overcome secondary resistance to recurring melanoma when anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade was combined with either anti-lymphocyte-activated gene 3 (LAG-3) Abs or depletion of tumor-specific regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells. In this study, we show that PD-L1 expressed by the host, not B16 melanoma, plays a major role in the early stages of exhaustion or primary resistance. We observed durable regression of melanoma in tumor-bearing PD-L1<sup>-/-</sup>RAG<sup>-/-</sup> mice with transfer of naive tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. However, exhausted tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, which included tumor-specific T<sub>reg</sub> cells, failed to maintain durable regression of tumors in PD-L1<sup>-/-</sup>RAG<sup>-/-</sup> mice unless tumor-specific T<sub>reg</sub> cells were eliminated, showing nonredundant pathways of resistance to immunotherapy were present. Translating these findings to a clinically relevant model of cancer immunotherapy, we unexpectedly showed that anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade mildly improved immunotherapy with tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and irradiation in wild-type mice. Instead, anti-LAG-3 checkpoint blockade, in combination with tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and irradiation, overcame primary resistance and treated established tumors resulting in fewer recurrences. Because LAG-3 negatively regulates effector T cell function and activates T<sub>reg</sub> cells, LAG-3 blockade may be more beneficial in overcoming primary resistance in combination immunotherapies using adoptive cellular therapy and irradiation than blockade of PD-L1.
Application of Herbicides on Rangelands with a Carpeted Roller: Evaluation of Four Herbicides for Control of Honey Mesquite (1985)

H. S. Mayeux, Jr., R. A. Crane, Application of Herbicides on Rangelands with a Carpeted Roller: Evaluation of Four Herbicides for Control of Honey Mesquite, Journal of Range Management, Vol. 38, No. 3 (May, 1985), pp. 233-237
The Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus G Protein-Coupled Receptor Has Broad Signaling Effects in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells (2002)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) is a gamma-2-herpesvirus responsible for Kaposi's sarcoma as well as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). KSHV is a lymphotropic virus that has pirated many mammalian genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle control, and angiogenesis. Among these is the early lytic viral G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR), a homologue of the human interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor. When expressed, vGPCR is constitutively active and can signal via mitogen- and stress-activated kinases. In certain models it activates the transcriptional potential of NF-kappaB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) and induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Despite its importance to the pathogenesis of all KSHV-mediated disease, little is known about vGPCR activity in hematopoietic cells. To study the signaling potential and downstream effects of vGPCR in such cells, we have developed PEL cell lines that express vGPCR under the control of an inducible promoter. The sequences required for tetracycline-mediated induction were cloned into a plasmid containing adeno-associated virus type 2 elements to enhance integration efficiency. This novel plasmid permitted studies of vGPCR activity in naturally infected KSHV-positive lymphocytes. We show that vGPCR activates ERK-2 and p38 in PEL cells. In addition, it increases the transcription of reporter genes under the control of AP-1, NF-kappaB, CREB, and NFAT, a Ca(2+)-dependent transcription factor important to KSHV lytic gene expression. vGPCR also increases the transcription of KSHV open reading frames 50 and 57, thereby displaying broad potential to affect viral transcription patterns. Finally, vGPCR signaling results in increased PEL cell elaboration of KSHV vIL-6 and VEGF, two growth factors involved in KSHV-mediated disease pathogenesis.
Human colon tumors.Enzymic and histological characteristics (1978)

In samples of colonic adenocarcinomas, the mean activities of thymidine kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine phosphatase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase were several fold higher than those of nonneoplastic colon. The presence of considerable, cold labile pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity provided an additional criterion for distinguishing tumors from the control tissue. Deviations from the pattern of enzymes in normal colon were much more pronounced in the five moderately well-differentiated than in the single well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.
Recent Advances in the Development of Chiral Metal Catalysts for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones (2014)

This review describes recent advances in the development of chiral metal catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones to give chiral alcohols, important building blocks for biologically active substances such as pharmaceuticals and natural products. Chiral ruthenium–diphosphine/diamine complexes have received intensive study and many efficient chiral ruthenium catalysts bearing chiral diphosphine and diamine ligands have been developed over the past few decades. In addition, chiral ruthenium, iridium, osmium, iron, copper, and palladium complexes with various chiral ligands have also emerged as highly efficient chiral metal catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. A wide range of ketones are hydrogenated using these chiral metal catalysts to give chiral alcohols with excellent enantioselectivity with high turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs). 1 Introduction 2 Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts 3 Chiral Iridium Catalysts 4 Other Chiral Metal Catalysts 5 Conclusion and Outlook
A full description of a scalable microfabrication process for arrayed electrowetting microprisms (2009)

Most electrowetting and liquid crystal optical devices are created by standard planar microfabrication. Arrayed electrowetting microprisms are a newer approach that offers unique performance, but which requires a challenging non-planar microfabrication process. This paper reviews a full description of a scalable fabrication process for an ∼1500 element array of ∼150 µm size electrowetting microprisms. The description includes creation of high aspect-ratio sidewalls, using a conventional i-line mask aligner to vertically pattern electrodes, conformal hydrophobic dielectric deposition, self-assembled and volume-controlled liquid dosing and module sealing. Also presented is a theoretical model which explores the resolution limits for vertically patterned electrodes. In addition to creating a first-generation fabrication process for arrayed electrowetting microprisms, this work may be further useful to investigators seeking methods of forming 3D arrayed electro-optic, electro-chemical or electro-mechanical devices.
Heroes for Our Time: Going Beyond Ethical Codes (2013)

Lower serum ACE levels in relation to delayed virus elimination, hyperinflammatory condition, and impaired host antiviral immune responses contribute to disease progression of COVID-19.
Increased expression of laminin/collagen receptor (VLA-1) on epithelium of inflamed human intestine. (1990)

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the epithelial expression of VLA-1 in inflammatory bowel disease in six patients with Crohn's disease, in four patients with ulcerative colitis, and in one patient with indeterminate colitis, and compared with that in the small intestine and colons of 10 normal controls. In normal small bowel VLA-1 was expressed on crypt epithelial cells and only weakly or not at all on surface epithelium. VLA-1 was again expressed weakly in normal colon, except in one case, a 1 year old child with diarrhoea but no histological abnormalities. In small and large intestine affected with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or indeterminate colitis, there was increased expression of VLA-1 on the basolateral aspects of crypt cells and de novo expression on surface epithelium. It is suggested that this is an adaptive response to prevent epithelial cell loss as a result of inflammation in the underlying lamina propria.
A CALORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTUM YIELD FOR THE JONIZATION OF MALACHITE GREEN CYANIDE BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION (1967)

Abstract The quantum yield for the conversion of malachite green cyanide (MGL) to the oxidized form MG + has been measured over the wavelength range from 225 to 289 nm using a total absorption aluminium calorimeter to measure the flux of photons. The number of molecules of MGL converted was determined from the increase in absorbance of the solution at 622 nm. MG + was found to have a maximum extinction coefficient of 10.63 × 10 4 at 622 nm. The quantum yield for the conversion of MGL to MG + is constant over the wavelength range with a value of 0.91 ± 0.01. The use of MGL as an actinometer for photochemical studies is described.
Effect of Selective Factor Xa Inhibition on Arterial Thrombus Formation Triggered by Tissue Factor/Factor VIIa or Collagen in an Ex Vivo Model of Shear-Dependent Human Thrombogenesis (1995)

Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a potent and selective inhibitor of factor Xa. TAP has shown good antithrombotic efficacy in experimental animal models of disseminated intravascular coagulation and venous and arterial thrombogenesis. In the present study we evaluated the effect of recombinant TAP (rTAP) on acute thrombus formation in human nonanticoagulated blood triggered either by tissue factor (TF) or by collagen at arterial shear conditions. The main goal was to establish the role of factor Xa in thrombus formation by use of an optimal inhibitory concentration of rTAP. Blood was drawn directly from an antecubital vein by a pump over the respective thrombogenic surfaces, which were positioned in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber. rTAP was mixed homogeneously into the flowing blood by a heparin-coated device positioned proximal to the perfusion chamber. The passage of blood through this device caused minor activation of coagulation but little activation of platelets. Fibrinopeptide A and beta-thromboglobulin levels after 5 minutes of blood perfusion were, on average, 14 ng/mL and 45 IU/mL, respectively. rTAP at a plasma concentration of 0.90 mumol/L completely inhibited TF/factor VIIa-dependent thrombus formation at wall shear rates of 650 and 2600 s-1. These shear conditions are comparable to those in medium-sized arteries and in moderately stenosed small arteries, respectively. In contrast to the TF-coated surface, rTAP was less efficient in reducing collagen-induced thrombus formation. While a significant reduction of 53% was observed at 650 s-1, thrombus formation at 2600 s-1 was not affected by rTAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Francis Alae Nasi Prop and nasal resistance to airflow (1986)

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Statistical timing analysis based on a timing yield model (2004)

Starting from a model of the within-die systematic variations using principal components analysis, a model is proposed for estimation of the parametric yield, and is then applied to estimation of the timing yield. Key features of these models are that they are easy to compute, they include a powerful model of within-die correlation, and they are "full-chip" models in the sense that they can be applied with ease to circuits with millions of components. As such, these models provide a way to do statistical timing analysis without the need for detailed statistical analysis of every path in the design.
Narrow-band waveguide Bragg gratings on SOI wafers with CMOS-compatible fabrication process (2012)

We demonstrate the design, fabrication and measurement of integrated Bragg gratings in a compact single-mode silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguide. The gratings are realized by corrugating the sidewalls of the waveguide, either on the ridge or on the slab. The coupling coefficient is varied by changing the corrugation width which allows precise control of the bandwidth and has a high fabrication tolerance. The grating devices are fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process with 193 nm deep ultraviolet lithography. Spectral measurements show bandwidths as narrow as 0.4 nm, which are promising for on-chip applications that require narrow bandwidths such as WDM channel filters. We also present the die-to-die nonuniformity for the grating devices on the wafer, and our analysis shows that the Bragg wavelength deviation is mainly caused by the wafer thickness variation.
Enhancement of anti-DIII antibodies by the C3d derivative P28 results in lower viral titers and augments protection in mice (2010)

Antibodies generated against West Nile virus (WNV) during infection are essential for controlling dissemination. Recent studies have demonstrated that epitopes in all three domains of the flavivirus envelope protein (E) are targets for neutralizing antibodies, with determinants in domain III (DIII) eliciting antibodies with strong inhibitory properties. In order to increase the magnitude and quality of the antibody response against the WNV E protein, DNA vaccines with derivatives of the WNV E gene (full length E, truncated E, or DIII region, some in the context of the pre-membrane [prM] gene) were conjugated to the molecular adjuvant P28. The P28 region of the complement protein C3d is the minimum CR2-binding domain necessary for the adjuvant activity of C3d. Delivery of DNA-based vaccines by gene gun and intramuscular routes stimulated production of IgG antibodies against the WNV DIII region of the E protein. With the exception of the vaccine expressing prM/E given intramuscularly, only mice that received DNA vaccines by gene gun produced protective neutralizing antibody titers (FRNT80 titer >1/40). Correspondingly, mice vaccinated by the gene gun route were protected to a greater level from lethal WNV challenge. In general, mice vaccinated with P28-adjuvated vaccines produced higher IgG titers than mice vaccinated with non-adjuvanted vaccines.
Involvement of DNase II in Nuclear Degeneration during Lens Cell Differentiation (1995)

The characterization of DNase II and DNase I activity was undertaken to discriminate their different roles in physiological nuclear degradation during lens fiber cell differentiation. The activity of both nucleases determined in a new assay allows to discriminate DNase II from DNase I in the same extract. In fibers, both types of nuclease activities are found and appear higher than in epithelial cells. Specific polyclonal antibodies directed against these two nucleases reveal by Western blot analysis the presence of various DNase isoforms. DNase II like-nuclease, present in fibers, is represented by three major bands (60,23, and 18 kDa), which are not detected, at least for two of them (60 and 23 kDa), in epithelial cells. DNase I like-nuclease pattern in fiber cells shows a single 32-kDa band, while several bands can be detected in epithelial cells. Immunocytochemistry studies show both nucleases present in lens cell sections. DNase II is, as usual, in cytoplasm of epithelial cells, but it appears strikingly concentrated in the nuclei of fibers. DNase I is always concentrated in nuclei of epithelial and fiber cells. DNA degradation observed in agarose gels shows that DNase II-activating medium cleaves the DNA from fiber cells more efficiently than DNase I-activating buffer. In addition, DNase II antibody is able to prevent this degradation. These results suggest a specific involvement of DNase II in nuclear degradation during lens cell differentiation.
The Dominance of Alleles Controlling Self-Incompatibility in <i>Brassica</i> Pollen Is Regulated at the RNA Level (2002)

Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassica is controlled sporophytically by the multiallelic S-locus. The SI phenotype of pollen in an S-heterozygote is determined by the relationship between the two S-haplotypes it carries, and dominant/recessive relationships often are observed between the two S-haplotypes. The S-locus protein 11 (SP11, also known as the S-locus cysteine-rich protein) gene has been cloned from many pollen-dominant S-haplotypes (class I) and shown to encode the pollen S-determinant. However, SP11 from pollen-recessive S-haplotypes (class II) has never been identified by homology-based cloning strategies, and how the dominant/recessive interactions between the two classes occur was not known. We report here the identification and molecular characterization of SP11s from six class II S-haplotypes of B. rapa and B. oleracea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the class II SP11s form a distinct group separated from class I SP11s. The promoter sequences and expression patterns of SP11s also were different between the two classes. The mRNA of class II SP11, which was detected predominantly in the anther tapetum in homozygotes, was not detected in the heterozygotes of class I and class II S-haplotypes, suggesting that the dominant/recessive relationships of pollen are regulated at the mRNA level of SP11s.
The Treatment of Factor VIII Inhibitors � A General Overview (2015)

AbstractThe management of patients with classic hemophilia who develop inhibitory antibodies against transfused factor VIII has been the frequent subject of international and national conferences. While treatment of such patients cannot be considered as standardized, several therapeutic approaches are currently available. These include the induction of immune tolerance, removal or eradication of inhibitory antibodies by immune adsorption and/or immune suppression, neutralization of the inhibitor by porcine factor VIII or high doses of human factor VIII, and bypassing of the inhibitor using recombinant factor VIIa or other bypassing agents. In addition to currently available therapeutic strategies, other approaches are under investigation, including the use of selected factor VIII peptides that block the inhibitor; the use of immunologically mute factor VIII products, for example a human-porcine factor VIII chimera not recognized by factor VIII inhibitors, and the use of anti-idiotypic antibodies. The ability to recognize those patients destined to develop inhibitors is also under active investigation.
Protein tyrosine kinase activation is required for lipopolysaccharide induction of cytokines in human blood monocytes. (1993)

Bacterial LPS induce production of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in mononuclear phagocytes, and this represents a central component in the pathogenesis of septic shock syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which LPS activates these cells to express cytokines are not completely characterized. The present study addressed the role of different protein kinases in the LPS induction of cytokines. It is shown that LPS induced a 12- to 16-fold increase in IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha mRNA levels, and this was completely or more than 80% blocked by the protein tyrosine kinase specific inhibitors herbimycin A and genistein at the concentrations of 1.7 and 37 microM, respectively. Protein kinase C inhibition by staurosporine reduced LPS induction of TNF-alpha, whereas it had no effects on IL-6 and IL-1 beta. Inhibition of protein kinase A by H89 reduced IL-6 mRNA levels but did not detectably change IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha mRNA levels. In contrast, LPS did not increase leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA, which was constitutively expressed and not significantly reduced by these inhibitors. In addition to cytokine mRNA levels, LPS-induced IL-6 protein synthesis and IL-6 bioactivity were also reduced to baseline levels by the PTK inhibitors herbimycin A and genistein. Both PTK inhibitors also reduced the LPS activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), which is a transcription factor involved in the expression of cytokine genes such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. The activation of NF-kappa B was also reduced by H89, whereas staurosporine had no effect on this response. In summary, these findings suggest that protein kinase C and protein kinase A appear to have selective effects in the LPS induction of cytokines, whereas PTK is required for LPS induction of a broad spectrum of cytokines and NF-kappa B activation in monocytes.
Transfectomas expressing both secreted and membrane-bound forms of chimeric IgE with anti-viral specificity (1991)

Because of the lack of a cell line expressing on surface and secreting human IgE of known Ag specificity, the construction of a transfectoma line possessing such properties would be useful for studying the roles of surface IgE and the effects of anti-IgE antibodies on IgE-producing B cells. Toward this goal, the human genomic DNA segment encompassing the two exons encoding the membrane anchor peptide of epsilon-chain and their flanking regions was sequenced. Hybrid epsilon and kappa genomic DNA comprising the C regions of human epsilon- and kappa-chains and the H and L chain V regions of the murine mAb BAT123, which reacts with the gp120 envelope protein of HIV-1, were constructed. Mammalian expression vectors containing these fusion genes were used to transfect murine myeloma Sp2/0 cells, and transfectants stably expressing on surface and secreting into culture medium chimeric IgE were obtained. The chimeric IgE showed identical Ag-binding properties as the murine mAb BAT123. Acting in concert with the specific peptide Ag polyvalently coupled to a protein carrier, the chimeric antibody could induce histamine release from human blood basophils. These results demonstrate the potential utility of the transfectoma cells and the chimeric IgE in studying the roles of membrane-bound IgE and effects of anti-IgE antibodies on IgE-producing B cells.
Noble Gas Xenon Is a Novel Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channel Opener (2010)

Xenon represents a novel KATP channel opener that increases KATP currents independently of the sulfonylurea receptor-1 subunit by reducing ATP inhibition of the channel. Through this action and by its ability to readily partition across the blood-brain barrier, xenon has considerable potential in clinical settings of neuronal injury, including stroke.
Advantages of System Dynamics Approach in Managing Project Risk Dynamics (2005)

The fast changing environment and the complexity of projects has increased risk exposure and project risk management has become an important part of project management. However the ineffectiveness of traditional tools and techniques in dealing with project risk dynamics calls for new approaches. It is discussed the application of system dynamics methodology in project risk management, especially its features and advantages of in managing project risk dynamics.