gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostratin as a New Therapeutic Agent Targeting HIV Viral Reservoirs (2005)

The persistence of latent reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) represents a major barrier to virus eradication in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. It has been suggested that treating infected individuals simultaneously with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and agents that activate cells to express HIV-1 might eliminate these latent reservoirs. The phorbol ester prostratin, used in Western Samoa as an ethno-botanical treatment for viral hepatitis, was isolated at the National Cancer Institute in 1992. Prostratin represents a distinct subclass of protein kinase C activators, since unlike other phorbol esters it does not induce tumor formation. Prostratin upregulates expression of viral products from latently infected cells such as U1, ACH-2 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients on HAART with undetectable plasma viremia. It also inhibits HIV infection and viral spread at the entry/fusion step of viral life cycle. The lack of tumor promotion of prostratin coupled with its ability to upregulate latent HIV-1 provirus expression and inhibition of viral infection are important features that could be exploited as effective therapy to eliminate latent reservoirs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Trifluoromethyl Enones in Michael Additions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and antioxidant capacities of hydroxyl derivatives of cinnamoylphenethylamine in protecting DNA and scavenging radicals (2010)

Cinnamoylphenethylamine (CNPA) derivatives including feruloylphenethylamine (FRPA), caffeoylphenethylamine (CFPA), cinnamoyltyramine (CNTA), feruloyltyramine (FRTA) and caffeoyltyramine (CFTA) were synthesized in order to investigate the influence of the number and position of hydroxyl group on Cu(2+)/glutathione (GSH) and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH)-induced oxidation of DNA. The radical-scavenging properties of these CNPA derivatives were also evaluated by trapping 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) cationic radical (ABTS(+•)), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and galvinoxyl radical. In addition, these CNPA derivatives were tested by linoleic acid (LH)-β-carotene-bleaching experiment. The chemical kinetic was employed to treat the results from AAPH-induced oxidation of DNA and gave the order of antioxidant ability as CFTA > CFPA > FRTA > FRPA. CFTA and CFPA also possessed high abilities to inhibit Cu²(+)/GSH-mediated degradation of DNA, whereas FRPA and FRTA can protect LH against the auto-oxidation efficiently. Finally, CFPA and FRPA exhibited high activity in trapping ABTS(+•), DPPH and galvinoxyl radicals. Therefore, the cinnamoyl group bearing ortho-dihydroxyl or hydroxyl with ortho-methoxyl benefited for CNPA derivatives to protect DNA, while hydroxyl in tyramine cannot enhance the radical-scavenging abilities of CNPA derivatives.
Self-calibration from image derivatives for active vision systems (2004)

In this paper we show how to calibrate a camera, mounted on a robot, with respect to the intrinsic camera parameters when the so-called hand-eye transformation between the robot hand and the camera is unknown. The calibration is based directly on the spatial and temporal derivatives in an image sequence and do not need any matching and tracking of features or a reference object. The calibration is to be performed on an active robot vision system where the motion of the robot hand can be controlled. A minimum of 3 non-coplanar translations of the robot hand are needed for the calculation. In conjunction with the intrinsic camera calibration the orientation of the camera, with respect to the robot hand, is calculated. The position of the camera can then also be obtained. At each stage only the image derivatives and the known motion of the robot hand are used. For the full, intrinsic and extrinsic, calibration a total of 5 distinct motions are used. The algorithm has been tested in extensive experiments with respect to e.g. noise sensitivity.
Treatment of urinary infections in pregnancy using single versus 10-day dosing. (1992)

Pregnant patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections were treated with a long and a short antibiotic regimen. Two hundred two patients were randomized prospectively to a single oral dose of 3.5 g ampicillin plus 1 g probenecid (98 patients) versus 500 mg ampicillin orally four times a day for 10 days (104 patients). The multiple-dose cure rate was statistically significantly better than that of the single-dose regimen (67.3% versus 57.1%, respectively). Interestingly, for resistant organisms, the cure rate for the long and short regimens was similar (48% versus 43%, respectively). In vitro susceptibility testing does not appear to be a good predictor of cure, at least for the single-dose group. Single-dose therapy with ampicillin and probenecid does not provide an optimal cure rate or prevent reinfection during pregnancy. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
Electrochemical Properties of Hydrothermally Obtained LiCo[sub 1−x]Fe[sub x]O[sub 2] as a Positive Electrode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2000)

Changes in the crystal structure and transition metal valency in positive electrodes during the charge‐discharge of cells were examined using ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements, Fe and Co K‐X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. An iron‐doped host material with rhombohedral symmetry was obtained up to 25% Fe per formula unit in by hydrothermal reaction below 300°C from a mixture of coprecipitate (iron‐doped CoOOH) and LiOH. No symmetry changes were observed during electrochemical charge‐discharge tests up to the tenth cycle. The structures of Li‐extracted and reinserted samples were determined by a model similar to prepared at low temperature in which Li ions are located at the interstitial 6c and octahedral 3a sites. Mössbauer and Fe and Co K‐XANES spectra at 293 K indicated the presence of tetravalent Fe ions upon oxidation up to 4.3 V. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Separation and Concentration of Health Compounds by Membrane Filtration (2006)

The performance of nano-filtration (NF) for separating phenolic compounds from sugar in apple juice was studied using 1 and 0.25 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) spiral wound membranes. If these phenolic compounds could be recovered, they could stabilize the juice from haze formation or be added as antioxidants to foods and beverages in order to increase their health properties. Batch experiments were conducted on a pilot scale rig using a diluted clear apple juice concentrate. For the 1 kDa MWCO membrane, the research determined the effect of operating conditions on process efficiency and membrane fouling. The concentration of polyphenolics on the retentate side increased by a factor of up to 4 and the sugar concentration increased by 1.5 times under optimum conditions of lower temperature (30oC), acidic pH (2), lower trans-membrane pressure (5 Bar) and higher initial sugar concentration (20 oBrix). Despite the increase in polyphenolics in the retentate, there was little difference in the phenolic composition between retentate and permeate solutions. As the molecular mass of the rejected phenolics was smaller than the membrane cut-off, this indicated that the rejection was related to the formation of a secondary membrane formed as a result of fouling. A mass balance of polyphenolics in the final retentate and permeate compared with the initial feed solution indicated that up to 4.3 gm of polyphenolics were bound per m2 of membrane. The permeate solutions collected from the 1 kDa MWCO membrane were then filtered using a 0.25 kDa MWCO membrane. Most phenolic compounds were retained by the membrane and the concentration increased by a factor of up to 2. Catechin, rutin, phloridzin and quercetin derivatives were concentrated on the retentate side. However, around 20 - 40% of chlorogenic acid and epicatechin was observed on the permeate side. It is concluded that membrane separation represents a potentially efficient and cost-effective technology to separate the phenolic fraction of fruit juice in a form suitable for use as a functional ingredient.
Review on materials, microsensors, systems and devices for high-temperature and harsh-environment applications (2001)

The considerable investment in silicon technology has rarely addressed device use in harsh environments such as high temperatures, aggressive media, and radiation exposure. A clear future requirement is to save weight, volume, and reduce costs in "unfriendly" environments like high temperatures. This can be achieved either by cooling systems or by electronic microsystem components suited to withstand high temperatures. The current status of cooling systems, harsh-environment sensors, and microsystems in view of markets, realized devices, material, properties, process maturity, and packaging technologies are reviewed. Possible semiconductor candidates for high-temperature applications are discussed. The main obstacles for the future of high-temperature and harsh-environment microsystems is highlighted.
Similarities between the Actions of Ethylene and Cyanide in Initiating the Climacteric and Ripening of Avocados (1974)

A continuous exposure of intact avocados (Persea americana) to 400 mul/l of cyanide results in a rapid increase in the rate of respiration, followed by a rise in ethylene production, and eventual ripening. The pattern of changes in the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose diphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and phosphoenolpyruvate during the rapid rise in respiration in both ethylene and cyanide-treated fruits is similar to that found in fruits made anaerobic where a 2.3- to 3-fold increase in the rate of glycolysis is observed. It is suggested that both during the climacteric and in response to cyanide, glycolysis is enhanced. It is proposed that cyanide implements the diversion of electrons to the cyanide-resistant electron path through structural alterations which are independent of the simultaneous inhibition of cytochrome oxidase.
Synthesis of polyanhydrides. II. New aromatic polyanhydrides with high melting points and fiber‐forming properties (1959)

Abstract New aromatic polyanhydrides with high melting points and fiber‐forming properties containing aliphatic chain or aliphatic chain and ether linkage between aromatic nucleus and carboxyl group in the main chain have been prepared. Contrary to the polyanhydrides of aliphatic dibasic acid prepared by C AROTHERS , it has been shown that these polyanhydrides possess high melting points and relatively stable properties towards hydrolytic degradation. Introduction of methylene group of methylene group and ether linkage between aromatic nucleus and carboxyl function enhances the flexibility of molecular chains, lowers melting points and causes the accumulation of phenylene nucleus along the polymer chain to form regular molecular structure of closes packing. Thus, polyanhydride of 1,4‐bis‐carboxymethyl benzene having a melting point 152°C. was obtained, while the polyanhydride prepared from hydroquinone‐0,0′‐diacetic acid with acetic anhydride has a melting point 158°C., and both of them show film‐ and fiber‐forming properties and good hydrolytic stability. The crystallinity of the polyanhydrides increases by annealing the stretched fiber at 100°C. 2.2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propane 0,0′‐diacetic acid was polymerized with acetic anhydride and gives a linear polyanhydride of the melting point 196–202°C. which possesses fiber‐forming properties. Polyanhydrides thus obtained show a good stability towards thermal and hydrolytic degradations. Furthermore, the influence of the molecular structure on the physical properties of these polymers was discussed.
Positive effects of plantar vibration training for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A pilot study (2017)

The obtained results provide evidence for beneficial effects of 8-week plantar vibration training in patients with DPN.
Gentle Sampling of Submicrometer Airborne Virus Particles using a Personal Electrostatic Particle Concentrator (2016)

Measurements of airborne viruses via sampling have been critical issues. Most electrostatic samplers have been assessed for bacterial aerosols or micrometer-sized viral particles; however, sampling of submicrometer-sized airborne viruses is necessary, especially because of the high probability of their staying airborne and their deposition in the lower respiratory tract. Here, we present a novel personal electrostatic particle concentrator (EPC) for gentle sampling of submicrometer airborne virus particles. Owing to the enhanced electric field designed in this EPC, the collection efficiencies reached values as high as 99.3-99.8% for 0.05-2 μm diameter polystyrene particles at a flow rate of 1.2 L/min. Submicrometer-sized MS2 and T3 virus particles were also collected in the EPC, and the concentrations relative to their respective initial suspensions were more than 10 times higher than those in the SKC BioSampler. Moreover, the recovery rate of T3 was 982 times higher in the EPC (-2 kV) than in the BioSampler at 12.5 L/min because of the gentle sampling of the EPC. Gentle sampling is desirable because many bioaerosols suffer from significant viability losses during sampling. The influence of ozone generated, applied electrostatic field, and the flow rate on the viability of the viruses will also be discussed.
XML fragment caching for large-scale mobile commerce applications (2008)

We present an XML data exchange technique suitable for mobile commerce systems involving thousands of mobile users and massive data loads. A key idea of our technique is that it is based on an XML information repository that is logically split into several disjoint data fragments. Thus, each mobile user's device can determine those parts of the information repository that are required for answering a given query locally at the device. The benefit of this local query processing is that our technique allows participating user devices to make their cached data fragments available to other participating devices and relieves the central information repository, resulting in a significant reduction of the overall data transfer and improved query response times.
Simple, Safe, Large Scale Synthesis of 5-Arylmethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones and 3-Arylpropanoic Acids (1995)

Abstract Reaction of aryl aldehydes with Meldrum's acid 2 in the presence of formic acid and triethylamine gives 5-arylmethyl Meldrum's acid derivatives 4 at room temperature, whereas at 80–100°C 3-arylpropanoic acids 5 are formed.
Preparation and Characterization of a New 3-Dimensional Zirconium Hydrogen Phosphate, τ-Zr(HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Determination of the Complete Crystal Structure Combining Synchrotron X-ray Single-Crystal Diffraction and Neutron Powder Diffraction (1998)

A new 3-dimensional zirconium hydrogen phosphate, τ-Zr(HPO4)2, was prepared by hydrothermal syntheses. The preparation, characterization, and determination of the crystal structure of this new material are reported. The structure was solved from single-crystal synchrotron diffraction on a 25 × 25 × 50 μm crystal. The position of the hydrogen atom was found using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data. The unit cell is tetragonal, space group I41cd (No. 110), with lattice parameters a = 11.259(1) Å, c = 10.764(1) Å, and Z = 8. The structure can be described as a 3-dimensional framework built from ZrO6 octahedra bound together by hydrogen phosphate groups (PO3(OH)). The OH groups form a hydrogen-bonded spiral along the 41 axes, with each hydrogen phosphate both donating and accepting hydrogen bonds. The thermal transformations of τ-Zr(HPO4)2 were studied using in-situ temperature-resolved powder diffraction experiments. Hereby the existence of two new phases was discovered. The new phases have been indexed and the unit cell parameters are as follows. Intermediate I: a = 8.172(1), b = 7.691(1), and c = 10.794(2) Å. Intermediate II: a = 8.283(2), b = 6.620(2), and c = 10.643(2) Å.
Liver Biopsy in Cirrhotic Patients (2007)

Liver biopsy remains an important tool for the evaluation of patients with hepatic disease. However, clinicians utilize a variety of biopsy techniques including automated cutting needle devices, manual cutting needles, and aspiration needles. Using a large study cohort of patients with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis we sought to evaluate practices and outcomes of the biopsy technique used by study investigators across the United States. All biopsy samples were from patients with suspected advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis because of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Individual study investigators were permitted to use any biopsy technique. Biopsy specimens were centrally evaluated for tissue adequacy and fragmentation, and were histologically scored using accepted criteria. We evaluated a total of 923 liver biopsy specimens from 502 patients performed at 62 clinical sites. The average duration of HCV infection was 27.9 +/- 0.46 yr. Automated cutting needles were significantly more likely to provide adequate specimens for evaluation than aspiration needles (P < 0.005). Automated cutting needles produced significantly longer biopsies than other techniques (P < 0.05), except for a limited number of cases in which a surgical wedge biopsy was obtained. Tissue fragmentation was observed in 39.2% of liver biopsies obtained using an aspiration technique, but in only 4.7% of samples collected using an automated cutting needle (P < 0.001). We conclude that automated cutting needles provide superior liver biopsy specimens compared with aspiration techniques in subjects with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis. No specific safety issues attributable to a particular biopsy method were identified.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Development of Resistance to Nevirapine in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with CD4 Cell Counts of >500/mm3 : AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 208 (1995)

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with nevirapine in patients with < 400 CD4 cells/mm3 rapidly selects for virus with reduced susceptibility to nevirapine. To test whether resistance would develop less quickly in patients with a lower virus burden, nevirapine was studied in asymptomatic patients with > 500 CD4 cells/mm3. With 400 mg of nevirapine daily, the median reduction in HIV RNA was 0.51 log10 copies/mL, and all isolates recovered by 12 weeks were resistant to nevirapine. As in patients with lower CD4 cell counts, some patients experienced sustained reduction in plasma HIV RNA despite the presence of resistant virus. These results suggest that lower levels of HIV RNA and immunosuppression did not retard the rate of emergence of nevirapine-resistant virus; also, a polymerase chain reaction-based HIV RNA assay is sufficiently sensitive to evaluate the antiviral effect of a drug in patients with > 500 CD4 cells/mm3.
Serum IgE, Tumor Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression, and Inherited Polymorphisms Associated with Glioma Survival (2006)

In population-based glioma patients, we examined survival in relation to potentially pertinent constitutive polymorphisms, serologic factors, and tumor genetic and protein alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MDM2, and TP53. Subjects were newly diagnosed adults residing in the San Francisco Bay Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Area during 1991 to 1994 and 1997 to 1999 with central neuropathology review (n = 873). Subjects provided blood for serologic studies of IgE and IgG to four herpes viruses and constitutive specimens for genotyping 22 polymorphisms in 13 genes (n = 471). We obtained 595 of 697 astrocytic tumors for marker studies. We determined treatments, vital status, and other factors using registry, interview, medical record, and active follow-up data. Cox regressions for survival were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, study series, resection versus biopsy only, radiation, and chemotherapy. Using a stringent P < 0.001, glioma survival was associated with ERCC1 C8092A [hazard ratio (HR), 0.72; 95% confidence limits (95% CL), 0.60-0.86; P = 0.0004] and GSTT1 deletion (HR, 1.64; 95% CL, 1.25-2.16; P = 0.0004); glioblastoma patients with elevated IgE had 9 months longer survival than those with normal or borderline IgE levels (HR, 0.62; 95% CL, 0.47-0.82; P = 0.0007), and EGFR expression in anaplastic astrocytoma was associated with nearly 3-fold poorer survival (HR, 2.97; 95% CL, 1.70-5.19; P = 0.0001). Based on our and others' findings, we recommend further studies to (a) understand relationships of elevated IgE levels and other immunologic factors with improved glioblastoma survival potentially relevant to immunologic therapies and (b) determine which inherited ERCC1 variants or other variants in the 19q13.3 region influence survival. We also suggest that tumor EGFR expression be incorporated into clinical evaluation of anaplastic astrocytoma patients.
Donor-Functionalized Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium(II):  Efficient Catalysts for C−C Coupling Reactions (2000)

PdII complexes of donor-functionalized heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized through a route involving carbene transfer from AgI carbene precursors. The Ag complexes undergo facile reaction with PdCl2(MeCN)2 to yield Pd(C∧OPh)2Cl2 (3a), Pd(C∧OOMe)2Cl2 (3b), and Pd(C∧N)2Cl2 (3c) (C∧OPh = 3-methyl-1-phenacylimidazolin-2-ylidene, C∧OOMe = 3-methyl-1-(methylacetyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, C∧N = 3-methyl-1-picolylimidazolin-2-ylidene), from which [Pd(C∧OOMe)2(MeCN)2][BF4]2 (4b) and [Pd(C∧N)2][BF4]2 (4c) can be prepared by halide abstraction. When PdMeCl(cod) (cod = cyclooctadiene) is treated with the Ag complexes 2b and 2c, the Me−Pd carbene complexes [PdMe(C∧OOMe)Cl]2 (5b), PdMe(C∧N)Cl (5c), PdMe(C∧OOMe)2Cl (6b), and PdMe(C∧N)2Cl (6c) are obtained. The C∧OPh and C∧OOMe ligands are monodentate with a dangling functional moiety in all complexes, while the C∧N ligand exhibits both monodentate and chelating behavior. Several complexes give rise to highly active and very stable catalysts for Heck, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions, with turnover numbers of up to 1 700 000 (Heck) and 127 500 (Suzuki) being obtained.
SELECTIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PARTITIONING OF PERTECHNETATE IN POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL BASED AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS (1995)

ABSTRACT The partitioning behavior of technetium has been investigated in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based aqueous biphasic systems using K3P04, K2C03, Na3(citrate), (NH4) 3(citrate), (NH4) 2S04, and NaOH as biphase-forming salts, and PEGs with average molecular weights of 1500, 2000, 3400, and 6000. Pertechnetate quantitatively partitions to the PEG-rich phase in these systems. The distribution ratios increase with increasing salt or PEG concentration used to form the aqueous biphasic systems, consistent with the increasing phase incompatibility. At a given concentration of salt and PEG, DTc values in the various systems increase in the order NaOH < (NH4) 2S04 < (NH4)3(citrate) < K2C03 < K3P04 and PEG-1500 < PEG-2000 < PEG-3400 < PEG-6000. The distribution ratios are lower at very high or very low pH values than they are in the 3-9 pH range. Matrix ions may also influence the DTcvalues by affecting the aqueous biphasic system composition. Technetium can be stripped from the loaded PEG-rich phase by contact with a clean salt solution containing SnCl2, which reduces TcO4 to an oxy-chloro cationic species that partitions to the salt-rich phase.