gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum-tunneling-enhanced charging of nanoparticles in plasmas (2011)

The role of quantum tunneling effect in the electron accretion current onto a negatively charged grain immersed in isotropic plasma is analyzed, within the quasiclassic approximation, for different plasma electron distribution functions, plasma parameters, and grain sizes. It is shown that this contribution can be small (negligible) for relatively large (micron-sized) dust grains in plasmas with electron temperatures of the order of a few electronvolts, but becomes important for nanosized dust grains (tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter) in cold and ultracold plasmas (electron temperatures at approximately tens to hundreds of Kelvin), especially in plasmas with depleted high-energy "tails" in the electron energy distribution.
Application of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-Reagan Institute Criteria for the Neuropathological Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (1999)

The Khachaturian criteria and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer Disease (CERAD) criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease (AD) emphasize senile or neuritic plaques, age, and clinical history. A new scheme stressing topographic staging of neurofibrillary changes in addition to neuritic plaques has been proposed by the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-Reagan Institute Consensus Conference. This scheme assigns cases to high, intermediate, or low likelihood categories that the dementia is due to AD. We applied this method to 84 brains from subjects with clinical and neuropathological diagnoses of AD (n = 33), non-AD dementing illnesses (n = 34), including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and no neurological disease (n = 17). We also used Khachaturian and CERAD criteria. Neurofibrillary tangle and neuropil thread densities were assessed on 6-micrometer-thick modified Bielschowsky-stained paraffin sections from entorhinal-perirhinal cortex, CA1 of hippocampus, and neocortex including inferior temporal, visual association, and primary visual cortices. Each case was assigned a Braak and Braak stage. Using the NIA-Reagan criteria, we found excellent agreement between clinical history of AD dementia and brains assigned to the high likelihood category that dementia was due to AD. Among brains diagnosed neuropathologically with other degenerative diseases, NIA-Reagan criteria were more conservative than previous criteria, and these cases were likely to be categorized as intermediate or low likelihood that dementia was due to AD. All brains from nondemented subjects were assigned to the low (81%) or intermediate (19%) categories. In summary, we found good correlation between the NIA-Reagan criteria and clinical dementia, and there was generally good agreement between these criteria and existing neuropathological methods, Khachaturian and CERAD, in diagnosing AD. In studying several other neurodegenerative diseases, such as DLB, which shows neuropathological and clinical overlap with AD, the staging of neurofibrillary changes offered potential diagnostic refinement.
About Two Physical Interaction Metaphors: Narrowing the Gap between the Real and the Virtual World (2009)

In this paper we present ideas that can help to close the gap between virtual reality and embedded interaction, which are usually assumed to be the two extremes of a dimension that describes mixed reality interaction. We present our preliminary ideas on surface interaction with stereoscopic data as well as our work on mobile camera-projector units. While the first line of research tries to increase the degree of the interaction experience in virtual worlds, the second uses the physical properties of the real world to enhance the augmented reality experience. The first idea uses the physical world to constraint the interaction in the virtual world. The second idea embeds virtual information into the physical world by respecting its physical properties.
Study of the proinflammatory role of human differentiated omental adipocytes (2009)

Infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into adipose tissue has been associated with tissue and systemic inflammation. It has been suggested that macrophage infiltration affects fat expansion through a paracrine action on adipocyte differentiation. Our working hypothesis is that factors released by monocytes/macrophages may also affect mature adipocyte biology. Human differentiated omental adipocytes were incubated with LPS and conditioned media obtained from human macrophage-like cell line THP-1, previously activated or not with LPS. We show that LPS greatly increased the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines including IL-6, IL-8, GRO, and MCP-1. Macrophage-conditioned medium also upregulated IL-6, IL-8, GRO, and MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels and led to the novo secretion of ICAM-1, IL-1 beta, IP-10, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, VEGF, and TNFalpha. Human differentiated adipocytes treated by macrophage-conditioned medium displayed marked reduction of adipocyte function as assessed by decreased phosphorylation levels of ERK1, ERK2, and p38 alpha and reduced gene expression of lipogenic markers including PPAR-gamma and fatty acid synthase. These data show that macrophage-secreted factors not only inhibit the formation of mature adipocytes but alter their function, suggesting that human differentiated omental adipocytes might also contribute to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation associated with human obesity.
Flow‐Cytometric Analysis of Human Basophil Degranulation (1981)

Quantification of human basophils and their degranulation were performed using a flow‐cytometric system. It was shown that the number of basophils among total leukocytes, before and after the effect of degranulating agents, can be obtained rapidly and reproducibly, following alcian blue, staining. Dose‐response curves of degranulation by anti‐IgE and anti‐IgG 4 were studied, and it was shown that these antibodies can induce basophil degranulation in a Ca ++ dependent manner. It was also shown that degranulation is completed within 10 min. Values obtained by flow‐cytometry and microscopic evaluation, as well as comparison made between percent basophil degranulation and percent histamine release, agreed well with each other in our system. Flow‐cytometric analysis of human basophil degranulation provides a new reliable method to assess in vitro the morphological basis of immediate hyper‐sensitivity.
The mucosal immune system: from specialized immune defense to inflammation and allergy (2001)

The mucosal immune system is a first line of defense against foreign antigens, including microbial and dietary antigens. Under normal circumstances, the mucosal immune system employs tightly regulated dynamic mucosal intra- and internets consisting of inductive and effector sites for the induction of an appropriate immunological homeostasis between the host and mucosal environments. The common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which interconnects between inductive (e.g. Peyer patch) and effector (e.g. intestinal lamina propria) tissues for the induction of the IgA response, is well characterized. Recent results provide strong evidence for the presence of a CMIS-independent IgA induction pathway. Two distinct subsets of mucosal IgA-committed B cells termed B-1 and B-2, are associated with CMIS-independence and CMIS-dependent cascades respectively. In some cases, the breakdown of this tightly regulated mucosal immune system leads to pathological responses to different gut environmental antigens. As a result, disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. IBD) and allergic gastroenteropathy can be evoked in the gastrointestinal tissues. Recently, many studies have described possible molecular and cellular mechanisms for this dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tissues by using murine models with specific gene manipulation. In this review we summarize recent findings from our group concerning the CMIS-dependent and CMIS-independent IgA induction pathways and gastrointestinal diseases (IBD and intestinal allergic diseases). These observations may provide useful information for the development of new mucosal immune therapy.
A SiGe controlled-class power amplifier applied to reconfigurable mobile systems (2005)

An integrated two-stage reconfigurable power amplifier (PA) operating at 1.75 GHz for GSM1800 (DCS) and 1.95 GHz for UMTS/WCDMA is proposed. The PA uses 2.5 V supply voltage and was designed using 0.25 fun SiGe BiCMOS technology from ST Microelectronics. In order to fulfill both DCS and UMTS/W-CDMA requirements, especially on efficiency and linearity respectively, the amplifier is able to shift its two-stage classes of operation independently, by acting on bias circuits and tuning output network. To fulfill UMTS linearity requirement, PA operates in class A/AB mode with 27% PAE at the required 24 dBm output power whereas to fulfill DCS output power and efficiency requirements, PA operates in class AB/F mode with 49% PAE at the required 27 dBm output power and a maximum of 70% PAE is reached.
Homogeneous catalyst for DNA hydrolysis (4). Efficient DNA hydrolysis by lanthanide--saccharide complexes. (1997)

Homogeneous and neutral solutions are prepared by mixing Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 with either isomaltose, melibiose, gentiobiose, palatinose, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, or glucamine in pH 7 hepes buffer ([Ce(IV)]0/[monomeric residue of saccharide]0 = 1). In contrast, amylose, cyclodextrins, maltose, glucose, and fructose provide only heterogeneous mixtures. The homogeneous solution of 1:1 Ce(IV)/glucamine system is active for DNA hydrolysis: the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the hydrolysis of thymidylyl(3'-->5')thymidine at pH 7.0 and 50 degrees C is 0.010 h-1, when [Ce(IV)]0 = [glucamine]0 = 10 mmol dm-3. The DNA-hydrolyzing activity decreases in the following order: glucamine > isomaltose, melibiose, gentiobiose >> palatinose, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol.
Diastereomeric dinucleoside-methylphosphonates: determination of configuration with the 2-D NMR ROESY technique (1990)

The determination of configuration at phosphorus in diastereomeric dinucleoside-methylphosphonates having the -O-P(= O)(-CH3)-O- internucleotide linkage with the NOE derived ROESY NMR technique is described for ApT, TpT, ApA, TpA and CpG. For this purpose ROE's from the P-CH3 group to the protons in the nearest neighbourhood were measured. These ROE's are different within diastereomeric pairs of a dimer enabling us to deduce the individual configuration. The validity of the method is proven in comparison with dimers of known configuration (ApT, TpT). Together with a recently published diastereoselective synthesis method a more homogeneous picture between physical properties and the corresponding configuration is provided. There is an improvement in our knowledge about the stereochemistry of these substances which could not be deduced from the data known before.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation of the GaAs Nitridation Mechanism with an ECR Plasma Source (1999)

The mechanism of arsenic replacement by nitrogen to produce β-GaN in GaAs(001) samples exposed to the flux of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source is discussed on the basis of core level photoemission and photodiffraction data collected in situ. An amorphisation step is clearly evidenced which could favour nitrogen incorporation but should be kept at a minimum in order to maintain a cubic crystallographic template to stabilize the Ga–N bonds into epitaxial β-GaN.
Protection of murine bone marrow by dexamethasone during cytotoxic chemotherapy (1994)

Corticosteroids have the ability to suppress the production of growth factors and cytokines and are thus implicated in the negative regulation of hematopoiesis. We have shown that the corticosteroids, prednisolone and dexamethasone, were able to effectively protect progenitor cells in four strains of mice against cell-cycle-specific antimetabolic chemotherapy agents. The highest levels of protection against 5-fluorouracil (FU; 200 mg/kg) were achieved when two or three intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone were administered between -7 and +3 hours at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/injection (optimal dose) or by continuous infusion between -4 and +20 hours. This protective effect is manifested as an increase in the number of high proliferative potential colony-forming cells that survive in the bone marrow 3 days after treatment with FU from between 0.5% and 11% to between 10% and 34% of normal. The bone marrow progenitors and blood cell numbers return to normal from 3 to 5 days and 1 to 2 days earlier, respectively. Less dexamethasone than prednisolone is required to give an equivalent protective effect, which is consistent with their anti-inflammatory potency. These findings are further evidence of the negative regulatory role played by corticosteroids, and indicate that the treatment schedules of corticosteroids during cancer therapy need to be reexamined to obtain the maximum benefit from their use.
High transmission enhanced Faraday rotation in one-dimensional photonic crystals with defects (2000)

Photonic crystals containing defects produce enhanced Faraday rotation but existing designs have low intensity output. We show that designs with two-defects possess sufficient freedom to attain high transmission over a large range of rotation angles in very short lengths. We optimize such systems for 45/spl deg/ rotation in optical isolators.
A data driven model of TiO<inf>2</inf> printed memristors (2013)

After the fabrication of several devices showing memristive switching behavior, recently a growing interest to the realization of dynamical nonlinear circuits based on memristors has been manifested. Currently, many memristor circuits have been mostly conceived on the basis of theoretical memristor models. However, in order to analyze the dynamical behavior of memristor circuits with real components and to implement them, the characteristics of the fabricated devices have to be included in the models used. To this aim, a compact data-driven model is proposed in this paper. The model is based on neural networks and is derived starting from experimental measurements performed on printed TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> memristors.
Comparison of CaO-Based Synthetic CO<sub>2</sub>Sorbents under Realistic Calcination Conditions (2007)

Several concepts to capture CO2 in power plants and hydrogen generation plants are under development using CaO as regenerable sorbent. The drastic decay in sorbent capture capacity of CaO obtained through calcination of natural sources of CaCO3 (limestones or dolomites) justifies the search of synthetic sorbents that aim to overcome this decay in capture capacity. We have reviewed some of the recent literature on the subject and tested some of the proposed sorbents under comparable conditions. Our results confirm the good performance of some of these synthetic sorbents under mild conditions and/or long carbonation times used in the original references. However, we show that these sorbents deactivate also very quickly when realistic regeneration conditions (high temperatures for calcination at high partial pressures of CO2) are used in the laboratory test. We conclude that none of the reviewed sorbents have a chance to compete with the performance of natural limestones, of much lower cost.
Efficient Encoding Architecture for IEEE 802.16e LDPC Codes (2008)

The weakness of implementation for LDPC encoder is that conventional binary Matrix Vector Multiplier has many clock cycles which lead to limited throughput. In this letter in order to construct efficient architecture, we target on IEEE 802.16e LDPC encoders. Over the standard H matrices with Circulant Permutation Matrices, we propose semi-parallel architecture by using cyclic right shift registers and exclusive-OR instead of complex Matrix Vector Multipliers. Proposed efficient encoder for IEEE 802.16e LDPC satisfies compact size and high throughput.
Measurement of MOS current mismatch in the weak inversion region (1994)

Measures the current matching properties of MOS transistors operated in the weak inversion region. The authors measured a total of about 1400 PMOS and NMOS transistors produced in four different processes and report the results in terms of mismatch dependance on current density, device dimensions, and substrate voltage, without using any specific model for the transistor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Macroporous Silicon: A Two-Dimensional Photonic Bandgap Material Suitable for the Near-Infrared Spectral Range (1998)

We have fabricated macroporous silicon and proved its applicability as a two-dimensional photonic bandgap material in the near-infrared spectral range. Two different triangular lattices of circular air rods with lattice constants of 2.3 and 1.5 μm were etched at least 75 μm deep in an n-type silicon substrate by electrochemical pore formation in aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Photolithographic pre-patterning techniques and subsequent alkaline etching were used. In the case of the 1.5 μm lattice the photo-mask was modified so that series of etch pits were left out. These local perturbations of the initially regular lattice of air rods introduced photonic defects like waveguides. In the case of the 2.3 μm lattice we succeeded to micromechanically structure the macroporous layer to make 200 μm wide free-standing bars of porous material remain on the silicon substrate. These bars were used to measure the transmission of the photonic lattice dependent on the light polarization relative to the pore axes using FT infrared spectroscopy. The results excellently agree with theoretical calculations. The generation of KOH pits with lattice constants on a sub-μm length scale was demonstrated.
<b>Application of Linear Free Energy Relationships to Some Reactions of Triarylmethane Derivatives</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Linear Free Energy Relationships to Some Reactions of Triarylmethane DerivativesCalvin D. Ritchie, W. F. Sager, and E. S. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 12, 2349–2356Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00871a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (816 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Significance of Global Vectors Representation in Sarcasm Analysis (2020)

Sarcasm detection is an unending drawback in natural language processing, which brings a hindrance in a progression of finding the correct state of people's sentiment. Many approaches has been applied for sarcasm detection in text such as machine learning based, lexicon based, and deep learning based approach by employing different word embedding representation schemes. The traditional word embedding schemes for learning vector representation such as bag-of-words, skip gram and Continuous bag-of-word has successfully done well in extracting discriminative syntactic and semantic features by employing vector arithmetic. However, these models failed to capture the word context in the text. In addition, skip gram and CBOW do not work openly on corpus co-occurrence statistics but rather examine the context window over the whole corpus, which fail to consider the important recurrence in the data. In order to address the aforementioned limitations, this study investigates the word vector model (GloVe) that integrate two major model families; Global statistics of matrix factorization technique and local context window based approach. The model is able to build a word representation that do not only learn semantics and grammar information, but also captures the context of the word and information of global corpus statistics. We analyzed the predictive performance of the representation by investigating sarcasm identification in tweets by employing a machine learning approach. The experiment results produced a better accuracy, which shows the significance of GloVe embedding in sarcasm classification.
Frequency of the BRCA1 185delAG mutation among Jewish women with ovarian cancer and matched population controls. (1996)

Among women of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, a frameshift mutation of the BRCA1 gene, designated 185delAG, occurs with a carrier frequency of approximately 1% and is estimated to account for about 39% of ovarian cancer cases occurring prior to age 50 years. To determine the actual frequency of this mutation among Jewish women with ovarian cancer, we tested DNA collected as part of an ongoing population-based case-control study of genetic and environmental factors for epithelial ovarian cancer in eastern Massachusetts. Using single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis followed by direct sequencing, we found that 6 (19.4%) of 31 Jewish patients were carriers for a 185delAG mutation compared to 0 of 23 Jewish controls (P=0.03) Using empiric logic [correction of logits], the estimated relative risk for ovarian cancer associated with a 185delAG mutation is 12.0. The average age of the 6 patients with mutations was 48.3 years, significantly younger than the average of 57.4 years observed for the 25 patients without the mutation (P-0.05). For ovarian cancer diagnosed prior to age 50 years, three (37.5%) of eight patients carried the mutation. None of the six patients with the mutation had a history consistent with hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome, although two had a personal history of prior cancer. Our results provide empiric conformation of the estimated prevalence of 185delAG mutations among Jewish women with ovarian cancer.
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of N,N-dimethylisotryptamines (1984)

A novel series of N,N-dimethylisotryptamine (isoDMT) derivatives, i.e., derivatives of 1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole, was prepared and found to be isosteric with their corresponding N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) counterparts with respect to serotonin receptor (rat fundus) affinity. Whereas the isoDMT derivatives possessed a greater affinity than did their corresponding DMT derivatives, they were relatively ineffective in displacing [3H]-5-HT binding from rat brain (cortex) homogenates. In a drug discrimination paradigm, using rats as subjects, 6-OMe-isoDMT produced effects similar to those of 5-OMe-DMT. Attempts to antagonize the discriminative stimulus effects of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) using two of the isoDMT derivatives proved unsuccessful.