gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doherty power amplifiers in software radio systems (2011)

Power amplification in software defined radio needs reconfigurabilty as well as optimum performance in terms of linearity and efficiency to handle different modulation standards (and hence carrier and modulation bandwidth). Since digital predistortion is now widely accepted as highly suitable solutions for linearization in a reconfigurable perspective. Hence, this technique in conjunction with multi-band Doherty power amplifiers finds a potential solution for reconfigurable-multi-band software defined radio transmitter. This paper demonstrates the current state-of art for such transmitters, including a brief discussion about the available design methodology for the dual-band Doherty power amplifier.
AUTOMATIC ANTI-GLARE SYSTEM FOR NIGHT TIME DRIVING USING LIQUID CRYSTAL SCREENS (2014)

This paper proposes a prototype model for an automatic anti-glare system to reduce the risk of accidents during night time driving. The architecture consists of an aperture assembly and sensors. The aperture assembly is a two dimensional array of aperture elements, and their transmittances can be independently controllable. According to the transmittance, each aperture element will act either as opaque or transparent. The intensity of light ray is modulated by the transmittance of aperture elements, which causes the reduction of intensity of light passing through it. The prototype is implemented using liquid crystal display (LCD) and photovoltaic sensors. This system provides an automated mechanism to control the illumination according to the direction of incoming light. The fundamental idea is to measure the incoming light and using measured values to generate patterns on the LCD to reduce the illumination. The proposed prototype can be implemented in two ways: i) as spectacles with liquid crystal sheets placed in front of the glasses, which can be used while driving, ii) by placing large liquid crystal sheets in front of the windshields of vehicles. This method provides a flexible low cost implementation to build simple, reliable device to reduce the intensity of the light on-the-fly.
Vertical silicon nano-pillar for non-volatile memory (2011)

NanoElectroMechanical (NEM) switches have been proposed for non-volatile memory applications, but low device density remains a key challenge for horizontal switches. This paper presents a resistive, vertically oriented NanoElectroMechanical (NEM) nano-pillar cantilever switch made of mono-crystaline silicon, with a cell size of 8F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Using a top-down CMOS-compatible process requiring two lithography masks, nano-pillar switches with a height of 500nm, tip thickness of 35nm, and 25nm air gap are fabricated. Device switching is performed using electrostatic actuation, while non-volatile memory function is achieved by maintaining switch contact with van der Waals forces after pull-in even when the actuating voltage is removed. Switching and non-volatile memory capabilities are demonstrated, with pull-in voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pi</sub> = 17V and release voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">release</sub> = -25V. With low-cost fabrication process and high device density, the nano-pillar device is a promising candidate for non-volatile memory applications.
Molecular Structure of Human Galactokinase (2004)

Galactokinase functions in the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism by catalyzing the MgATP-dependent phosphorylation of the C-1 hydroxyl group of alpha-D-galactose. The enzyme is known to belong to the GHMP superfamily of small molecule kinases and has attracted significant research attention for well over 40 years. Approximately 20 mutations have now been identified in human galactokinase, which result in the diseased state referred to as Type II galactosemia. Here we report the three-dimensional architecture of human galactokinase with bound alpha-D-galactose and Mg-AMPPNP. The overall fold of the molecule can be described in terms of two domains with the active site wedged between them. The N-terminal domain is dominated by a six-stranded mixed beta-sheet whereas the C-terminal motif contains six alpha-helices and two layers of anti-parallel beta-sheet. Those residues specifically involved in sugar binding include Arg37, Glu43, His44, Asp46, Gly183, Asp186, and Tyr236. The C-1 hydroxyl group of alpha-D-galactose sits within 3.3 A of the gamma-phosphorus of the nucleotide and 3.4 A of the guanidinium group of Arg37. The carboxylate side chain of Asp186 lies within approximately 3.2 A of the C-2 hydroxyl group of alpha-D-galactose and the guanidinium group of Arg37. Both Arg37 and Asp186 are strictly conserved among both prokaryotic and eukaryotic galactokinases. In addition to providing molecular insight into the active site geometry of the enzyme, the model also provides a structural framework upon which to more fully understand the consequences of the those mutations known to give rise to Type II galactosemia.
zFP538, a Yellow Fluorescent Protein from Coral, Belongs to the DsRed Subfamily of GFP-Like Proteins but Possesses the Unexpected Site of Fragmentation (2004)

The yellow fluorescent protein (zFP538) from coral Zoanthus sp. belongs to a family of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Absorption and emission spectra of zFP538 show an intermediate bathochromic shift as compared with a number of recently cloned GFP-like red fluorescent and nonfluorescent chromoproteins of the DsRed subfamily. Here we report that the zFP538 chromophore is very close, if not identical, in chemical structure to that of DsRed. To gain insight into the mechanism of zFP538 fluorescence and chromophore structure and chemistry, we studied three chromophore-containing peptides isolated from enzymatic digests of zFP538. Like GFP and DsRed chromophores, these contain a p-hydroxybenzylideneimidazolinone moiety formed by Lys-66, Tyr-67, and Gly-68 of zFP538. One of the peptides studied, the hexapeptide FKYGDR derivative, is a proteolysis product of the zFP538 full-length polypeptide containing a GFP-type chromophore already formed and arrested at an earlier stage of maturation. The two other peptides are the derivatives of the pentapeptide KYGDR resulted from the protein in which the chromophore maturation process had been completed. One of these has an oxogroup at Lys-66 C(alpha) and is a hydrolysis product of another one, with the imino group at Lys-66 C(alpha). The N-unsubstituted imino moiety of the latter is generated by spontaneous polypeptide chain fragmentation at a very unexpected site, the former peptide bond between Phe-65 C' and Lys-66 N(alpha). Also observed in the entire protein under mild denaturing conditions, this fragmentation is likely the feature of native zFP538 chromophore that distinguishes it chemically from the DsRed chromophore.
Course finds PNG 'mecca' for probes (1999)

Editors and news directors decided the controversial restructuring of operations at the University of Papua New Guinea was the story deserving deeper exploration. By the week's end, journalists had produced a series of feature and news stories for media exposés.
A machine learning approach to keystroke dynamics based user authentication (2007)

The majority of computer systems employ a login ID and password as the principal method for access security. In stand-alone situations, this level of security may be adequate, but when computers are connected to the internet, the vulnerability to a security breach is increased. In order to reduce vulnerability to attack, biometric solutions have been employed. In this paper, we investigate the use of a behavioural biometric based on keystroke dynamics. Although there are several implementations of keystroke dynamics available, their effectiveness is variable and dependent on the data sample and its acquisition methodology. The results from this study indicate that the Equal Error Rate (EER) is significantly influenced by the attribute selection process and to a lesser extent on the authentication algorithm employed. Our results also provide evidence that a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) can be superior in terms of reduced training time and classification accuracy when compared with a typical MLFN back-propagation trained neural network.
Notes - Preparation of 3-Substituted-2,5-oxazolidinediones (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Preparation of 3-Substituted-2,5-oxazolidinedionesElizabeth Dyer, Francis McCarthy, Richard Johnson, and Elliott NagleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 1, 78–79Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online9 April 2003Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01352a602https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01352a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Separates Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effects From Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1999)

The major obstacles to successful outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukemia remain graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and leukemic relapse. Improved survival after BMT therefore requires more effective GVHD prophylaxis that does not impair graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. We studied the administration of human recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in a well- characterized murine BMT model for its effects on GVHD. KGF administration from day -3 to +7 significantly reduced GVHD mortality and the severity of GVHD in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, reducing serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha levels, but preserving donor T-cell responses (cytotoxic T lymphocyte [CTL] activity, proliferation, and interleukin [IL]-2 production) to host antigens. When mice received lethal doses of P815 leukemia cells at the time of BMT, KGF treatment significantly decreased acute GVHD compared with control-treated allogeneic mice and resulted in a significantly improved leukemia-free survival (42% v 4%, P <.001). KGF administration thus offers a novel approach to the separation of GVL effects from GVHD.
Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of the Platinum(II) Complexes of Indaphyrin and Thiaindaphyrin (2009)

The novel free base meso-di(5'-methylthien-2'-yl)thiaindaphyrin, 10, was prepared from the corresponding meso-tetra(thien-2-yl)porphyrin using a methodology analogous to that for the preparation of known meso-diphenylindaphyrin, 5: beta,beta'-Dihydroxylation of the porphyrin is followed by oxidative diol cleavage. The resulting aldehyde moieties undergo an acid-catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the adjacent meso-thienyl groups with concomitant oxidation. Insertion of Pt(II) into either of the chromophores is facile, producing 5Pt and 10Pt. The crystal structure of 5Pt, the first for any indaphyrin, shows that the conformation of the indaphyrinato ligand is strongly ruffled, while the N(4) donor set that coordinates the central Pt(II) maintains a near-perfect square-planar coordination geometry around the central metal ion (crystal data for C(44)H(24)N(4)O(2)Pt: triclinic space group P1 with a = 8.8735(4) A, b = 12.9285(6) A, c = 14.3297(6) A, alpha = 88.785(1) degrees, beta = 82.248(1) degrees, gamma = 72.422(1) degrees; Z = 2). The UV-vis and emission spectra, triplet yields, and lifetimes of the Pt(II) complexes 5Pt and 10Pt were determined. Both complexes luminesce (in EtOH at 77 K) in the NIR (5Pt: lambda(max-emission) = 864, 974 nm, lifetime 2 micros; 10Pt: lambda(max-emission) = 990, 1112, 1276 nm) with modest to low quantum yields (Phi(p) approximately 1% and approximately 6 x 10(-3) %, respectively).
Demonstration of an immunodominant neutralization site by analysis of antigenic variants of SA11 rotavirus (1985)

Serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to select mutants of SA11 rotavirus that were resistant to neutralization. The antigenic characteristics of these mutants were studied with with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. We isolated one type of mutant which showed a dramatic increase (greater than 10-fold) in resistance to neutralization by hyperimmune antiserum, and this together with other data indicates the presence on the rotavirus major outer shell glycoprotein of an immunodominant antigenic site involved in virus neutralization. The mutants were also useful in classifying neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.
(22S)-hydroxyvitamin D4 (1973)

Using ergosterol acetate as starting material, 22-hydroxylated analogues of 22,23-dihydroergosterol have been prepared via(i) selective epoxidation of the 22,23-double bond and (ii) Grignard reaction on the hexanor-22-aldehyde. (22S)-Hydroxyvitamin D4, produced upon irradiation of (22S)-22,23-dihydro-22-hydroxyergosterol, showed no significant antirachitic activity in rats.
Coordinated multi-point transmission with limited feedback (2010)

Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission is a promising technique to suppress inter-cell interference (ICI) in LTE-Advanced system. With perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, joint beamforming methods can be used to completely cancel ICI and significantly improve the spectrum efficiency. However, in FDD system, the transmitter can't obtain perfect CSI to eliminate ICI, for it's unreasonable to feed back the full channel information through the capacity limited feedback channel. In this paper, we propose a channel compression feedback scheme for FDD-CoMP system and adopt joint beamforming methods to partially mitigate ICI. In order to provide multi-cell spatial channel information and improve the feedback efficiency, the row and column number of the channel matrix are compressed using eigenmode of the user and codebook defined for LTE, respectively. Then, joint block diagonalization beamforming algorithm is applied at the transmitter to further eliminate ICI. Simulation results demonstrate that CoMP with the proposed feedback method can greatly improve the average and cell-edge spectral efficiency compared to the traditional cellular FDD system.
Enhanced critical currents by CeO2 additions in directionally solidified YBa2Cu3O7 (1994)

The microstructure and critical currents of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-Y2BaCuO5 composites with small CeO2 additions prepared using a directional solidification procedure have been investigated. The small CeO2 additions cause the decomposition of the Y2BaCuO5 phase leading to the formation of Y2O3 and BaCeO3. Experimental evidence is given for the subsequent nucleation of the Y2BaCuO5 phase on the Y2O3 particles. This new decomposition-nucleation mechanism leads to textured YBa2Cu3O7 having enhanced critical currents. An addition of 0.3 wt % CeO2 can increase Jabc by a factor of 2 in samples having similar concentration of Y2BaCuO5 precipitates. Critical currents above 105 A/cm2 at 77 K and zero field are obtained by this method.
Non-parametric calibration of a time domain reflectometer (2002)

The non-parametric calibration procedure consists in finding the scattering parameters of the line network that connects the reflectometer and the device under test. The scattering parameters are determined by using the S/sub 11/ measurement of the connection cable terminated with three different loads (open, short and load). Since commercial reflectometers digitize only voltages, one has to extent the hardware so that it becomes possible to measure currents. A current to voltage transducer will be applied. This transducer will be parametric calibrated. For each load, the voltage and current reflectogram will be measured and transformed to the frequency domain where the S/sub 11/ equivalent can be calculated. The corrected voltage reflectogram can be obtained through convolution of the excitation pulse with the time domain representation of S/sub 11/. Due to the limited energy at high frequencies of the pulse-like excitation signals, one has to apply a deconvolution technique to visualize the time domain representation of the S/sub 11/ measurement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphologies of microporous polyethylene and polypropylene crystallized from solution in supercritical propane (1995)

Abstract The morphologies of solvent‐free, microporous, mechanically self‐supporting cylinders of linear polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene, crystallized from solution in supercritical propane, were examined by an SEM technique. The morphology of gels (or foams), obtained with little or no shrinkage from 2% to 35% solutions by weight of polyethylene (99% to 85% porosities), is shown in some detail. Lamellae with very little or considerable mutual organization occur, often in the form of stacks with straight or coiled axes (axialites). Further growth of these can lead to particles with a roughly spherical overall shape and a predominantly radial orientation of the lamellae at the particle surface. Subcooled isotactic polypropylene, on the other hand, crystallizes in the form of perfectly shaped birefringent microspheres of very uniform size. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thresholding and enhancement of text images for character recognition (2002)

A scheme which converts graytone text images of low spatial resolution to bi-level images of higher spatial resolution for character recognition are presented. Higher recognition rates are achieved when text images are processed using the proposed scheme. A good application of the proposed scheme is the recognition of characters in scene images.
Assessment of thresholding algorithms for document processing (2003)

The thresholding technique used can critically affect the performance of subsequent operations such as page segmentation and character recognition. A taxonomy of thresholding methods has been proposed where the major categories are listed as entropy-based, histogram shape-based, object attribute-based, clustering based, adaptive, and object similarity-based. Furthermore a comprehensive performance evaluation of thresholding algorithms in the context of document analysis and character recognition systems has been performed. A large class of thresholding algorithms have been comparatively evaluated using shape distortion, false alarm and missprobability, and edge discrepancy measures. Both simulated documents and bitmaps of ground-truthed documents are used.
Centroid Localization of Uncooperative Nodes in Wireless Networks Using a Relative Span Weighting Method (2009)

Increasingly ubiquitous wireless technologies require novel localization techniques to pinpoint the position of an uncooperative node, whether the target is a malicious device engaging in a security exploit or a low-battery handset in the middle of a critical emergency. Such scenarios necessitate that a radio signal source be localized by other network nodes efficiently, using minimal information. We propose two new algorithms for estimating the position of an uncooperative transmitter, based on the received signal strength (RSS) of a single target message at a set of receivers whose coordinates are known. As an extension to the concept of centroid localization, our mechanisms weigh each receiver's coordinates based on the message's relative RSS at that receiver, with respect to the span of RSS values over all receivers. The weights may decrease from the highest RSS receiver either linearly or exponentially. Our simulation results demonstrate that for all but the most sparsely populated wireless networks, our exponentially weighted mechanism localizes a target node within the regulations stipulated for emergency services location accuracy.
Mechanism of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation ACTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 AND THEOPHYLLINE (1973)

The intravenous injection of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) causes a dose-dependent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in the intact, lightly anesthetized opossum. The action of PGE(1) is not inhibited by the drugs that produce muscarinic or nicotinic cholinergic antagonism or alpha and beta adrenergic antagonism in the doses that inhibited the action of respective agonists. Moreover, this action is not affected by exogenous gastrin pentapeptide. The action of PGE(1) on the LES is mimicked by isoproterenol, theophylline ethylenediamine, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Both theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and isoproterenol, an adenyl cyclase stimulator, added to the action of PGE(1). On the other hand, adenyl cyclase inhibitor nicotinic acid, as well as phosphodiesterase stimulator, imidazole inhibited its action. Further, both nicotinic acid and imidazole inhibited the degree of LES relaxation produced by esophageal distension. These studies suggest that intracellular cyclic AMP may act as the "second messenger" in the regulation of the lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
A predictive signature gene set for discriminating active from latent tuberculosis in Warao Amerindian children (2013)

Our data justify the further exploration of our signature set as biomarkers for potential childhood TB diagnosis. We show that, as the identification of different biomarkers in ethnically distinct cohorts is apparent, it is important to cross-validate newly identified markers in all available cohorts.
Measurement of solid-state optical refrigeration by two-band differential luminescence thermometry (2010)

We present a non-contact optical technique for the measurement of laser-induced temperature changes in solids. Two-band differential luminescence thermometry (TBDLT) achieves a sensitivity of ~7 mK and enables a precise measurement of the net quantum efficiency of optical refrigerator materials. The TBDLT detects internal temperature changes by decoupling surface and bulk heating effects via time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Several Yb3+-doped fluorozirconate (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF-InF3, ZBLANI) glasses fabricated from precursors of varying purity and by different processes are analyzed in detail. A net quantum efficiency of (97.39±0.01)% at 238 K (at a pump wavelength of 1020.5 nm) is found for a ZBLANI:1% Yb3+ laser-cooling sample produced from metal fluoride precursors that were purified by chelate-assisted solvent extraction and dried in hydrofluoric gas. In comparison, a ZBLANI:1% Yb3+ sample produced from commercial-grade metal fluoride precursors showed pronounced laser-induced heating that is indicative of a substantially higher impurity concentration. The TBDLT enables rapid and sensitive benchmarking of laser-cooling materials and provides critical feedback to the development and optimization of high-performance optical cryocooler materials.