gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rescue of Recombinant <i>Thogoto Virus</i> from Cloned cDNA (2001)

Thogoto virus (THOV) is a tick-transmitted orthomyxovirus with a genome consisting of six negative-stranded RNA segments. To rescue a recombinant THOV, the viral structural proteins were produced from expression plasmids by means of a vaccinia virus expressing the T7 RNA polymerase. Genomic virus RNAs (vRNAs) were generated from plasmids under the control of the RNA polymerase I promoter. Using this system, we could efficiently recover recombinant THOV following transfection of 12 plasmids into 293T cells. To verify the recombinant nature of the rescued virus, specific genetic tags were introduced into two vRNA segments. The availability of this efficient reverse genetics system will allow us to address hitherto-unanswered questions regarding the biology of THOV by manipulating viral genes in the context of infectious virus.
Systemic leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>receptor antagonism lowers arterial blood pressure and improves autonomic function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (2016)

Accumulating evidence indicates an association between hypertension and chronic systemic inflammation in both human hypertension and experimental animal models. Previous studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) support a role for leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> (LTB<sub>4</sub> ), a potent chemoattractant involved in the inflammatory response. However, the mechanism for LTB<sub>4</sub> -mediated inflammation in hypertension is poorly understood. Here we report in the SHR, increased brainstem infiltration of T cells and macrophages plus gene expression profiling data showing that LTB<sub>4</sub> production, degradation and downstream signalling in the brainstem of the SHR are dynamically regulated during hypertension. Chronic blockade of the LTB<sub>4</sub> receptor 1 (BLT1) receptor with CP-105,696, reduced arterial pressure in the SHR compared to the normotensive control and this reduction was associated with a significant decrease in low and high frequency spectra of systolic blood pressure, and an increase in spontaneous baroreceptor reflex gain (sBRG). These data provide new evidence for the role of LTB<sub>4</sub> as an important neuro-immune pathway in the development of hypertension and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension.
t-Butyllithium (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTt-ButyllithiumPaul D. Bartlett, C. Gardner Swain, and Robert B. WoodwardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 11, 3229–3230Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01856a501https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01856a501research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1266Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Controlled Release of Fluoride from Hydrogels for Dental Applications (1976)

The continuous topical administration of fluoride to teeth from an intraoral controlled-release device is an untried method for reducing the occurrence of dental caries. Pharmacokinetic dose-response data can be obtained only after a delivery system has been developed. In the present study we are developing bio-compatible, fluoride-containing devices that release fluoride in the oral environment at constant pre-determined linear rates of 0.02 to 1.0 mg/day for at least six months without maintenance or adjustment. The trilaminate devices comprise a core of inorganic fluoride salt, which is dispersed in a copolymer (hydrogel) of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, and outer layers (or coatings) of semi-permeable, rate-controlling membranes, which are made from similar hydrated acrylic copolymers. Fluoride from the core diffuses through the membranes into the oral environment at a rate precisely controlled by the thickness, area, and permeability of the materials. The permeability parameters, which include the solubility of the fluoride salt in the polymeric core and in the outer membranes, the diffusion coefficients of fluoride in both materials, and the partition coefficient for fluoride between the outer membrane and saliva, have been quantitated; and prototype devices have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo in dogs.
Efficient SAR raw data compression in frequency domain (2003)

SAR raw data compression is necessary to reduce the huge amount of data for downlink and the required memory on board. In view of interferometric and polarimetric applications for SAR data it becomes more and more important to pay attention to phase errors caused by data compression. Here, a detailed comparison of block adaptive quantization in time domain (BAQ) and in frequency domain (FFT-BAQ) is given. Inclusion of raw data compression in the processing chain allows an efficient use of the FFT-BAQ and makes implementation for on-board data compression feasible. The FFT-BAQ outperforms the BAQ in terms of signal-to-quantization noise ratio and phase error and allows a direct decimation of the oversampled data equivalent to FIR-filtering in time domain. Impacts on interferometric phase and coherency are also given.
Glare spot image calculations for a spherical particle illuminated by a tightly focused beam (1992)

A theoretical model is presented for coherent imaging of a spherical aerosol particle illuminated by an arbitrary incident electromagnetic field propagating obliquely with respect to the imaging system axis (i.e., off-axis imaging). Analytical simplification of the theoretical development is presented for the important special case of plane-wave illumination. The modeling technique uses the arbitrary beam theory, presented by the authors in an earlier paper [ J. Appl. Phys.64, 1632 ( 1979)], to calculate the external electromagnetic field resulting from the interaction of the incident field with the aerosol particle. Scalar diffraction theory is used to propagate the dominant electric field component through the imaging lens and to the image plane. Glare spot calculations generated by using the theoretical model are presented for both opaque and transparent particles with size parameters (ratios of circumference to wavelength) ≈ 94 illuminated by both off-axis focused-beam- and plane-wave-incident fields. For transparent aerosols in this size range, the glare spot images are dominated by the specular reflection peak and the edge glare spot that results from light incident at grazing angles. Glare spot experimental data obtained for tightly focused pulsed laser (λ = 610–630 nm, tpulse ≈ 150 fs, 2w0 ≈ 20 μm) illumination of 70-μm-diameter water droplets showed qualitative agreement with beam calculations performed with the theoretical model. Theoretical images corresponding to partial-wave-resonance conditions showed a radial shift in the location of the glare spot peaks as well as an increase in glare spot intensities.
Presentación (2017)

El Taller de la Historia, a lo largo de susnueve años de existencia, ha sido ante todoun espacio que ha facilitado la circulación desaberes en y desde el Caribe colombiano. Susanteriores directores (José Polo Acuña y SergioPaolo Solano de las Aguas) abrieron las páginasde la revista a contribuciones que, por un lado,reconstruyeron procesos históricos de la costaCaribe colombiana; y, por otro, reflexionaronsobre las realidades históricas de los paíseslatinoamericanos. Esta atinada visión hizo que larevista, aparte de contrarrestar los bajos nivelesde circulación y apropiación de conocimientoexistentes en el Caribe colombiano, se insertaraen un diálogo disciplinar con miembros de lacomunidad académica que han dado forma a lahistoriografía colombiana y latinoamericana.
Tris(amine) cations of boron (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTris(amine) cations of boronMilap A. Mathur and George E. RyschkewitschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 4, 887–891Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50206a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50206a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Synthesis of a Novel Cellulose Physical Gel (2014)

Cellulose possessing β ‐cyclodextrin ( β ‐CD) was used as a host molecule and cellulose possessing ferrocene (Fc) as a guest polymer. Infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and contact angle analysis were used to characterise the material structure and the inclusion behaviour. The results showed that the β ‐CD‐cellulose and the Fc‐cellulose can form inclusion complexes. Moreover, ferrocene oxidation, and reduction of state can be adjusted by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) as an oxidant and glutathione (GSH) as a reductant. In this study, a physical gel based on β ‐CD‐cellulose/Fc‐cellulose was formed under mild conditions in which autonomous healing between cut surfaces occurred after 24 hours. The physical gel can be controlled in the sol‐gel transition. The compressive strength of the Fc‐cellulose/ β ‐CD‐cellulose gel increased with increased cellulose concentration. The host‐guest interaction between the side chains of cellulose could strengthen the gel. The cellulose physical gel may eventually be used as a stimulus‐responsive, healing material in biomedical applications.
TANGO: a generic tool for high-throughput 3D image analysis for studying nuclear organization (2013)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Present significance of resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamides in coliforms, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , and <i>Streptococcus faecalis</i> (1973)

The incidence of trimethoprim resistance in coliforms and multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Bristol from 1970 to 1972 is low-2.3 and 1.0% respectively. The resistance is probably intrinsic; there is no evidence that it is R-factor or plasmid mediated. A single mechanism that confers resistance to both trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole has not been detected. Normal growing one-step mutants of S. aureus and Escherichia coli resistant to trimethoprim could not be isolated in vitro. For these reasons cotrimoxazole should retain its usefulness against these bacteria for some years. However, contrimoxazole was found not to be bactericidal against many coliforms. The usefulness of cotrimoxazole against Streptococcus faecalis seems limited because mutants resistant to trimethoprim occurred at high frequency in one step.
Intermediates in adenovirus assembly (1976)

Three intermediates in adenovirus assembly have been defined; nuclear intermediates, young virions, and mature virions. The nuclear intermediates are fragile and heterogenous in size (550S-670S) and withstand separation on ficoll gradients but fall apart upon CsCl gradient centrifugation unless prefixed with glutaraldehyde. They contain both capsid and core structures, and the core structures are preferentially released during purification in CsCl. The precursor polypeptides pVI and pVII are present in the intermediates without any corresponding mature polypeptide. The young virions (Ishibashi and Maizel, 1974) are stable and preferentially confined to the nuclei after cell fractionation. They contain both uncleaved precursor polypeptides and their cleavage products. The mature virions accumulate in the cytoplasm during cell fractionation and contain the final mature polypeptides. Pulse-chase labeling kinetics, focusing on the precursor polypeptides, suggest that these three classes participate in assembly of adenovirus. Tryptic peptide maps establish that polypeptide pVI is the precursor of polypeptide VI, but only a small fraction of polypeptide 26K can in vivo account for polypeptide VIII.
Synthesis of Primary α,α′-Dichlorophosphines, Precursors of Unhindered C-Chlorophospha-alkenes and Synthetic Equivalents of λ<sup>3</sup>-Phospha-alkynes (1990)

Abstract α,α′-dichlorophophines, easily obtained by chemoselective reduction of the corresponding phosphonates, can be considered as precursors of unhindered C-chlorophosphaethylenes and synthetic equivalents of phospha-acetylenes.
Reaction of Phenothiazines with Nickel Peroxide (1968)

ニッケル塩をアルカリ性で次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで酸化すると過酸化ニッケルが得られる。著者はこの過酸化ニッケルを有機反応における固体酸化剤としての用途を開発するため研究を行なってきたが,本報ではフェノチアジン類との反応結果について報告する。フェノチアジンと過酸化ニッケルとを反応させるとフェノチアジンの重合体が得られる。このとき中間体としての二量体を単離し,このものは3,10'-ビフェノチアジンであることを明らかにした。2-および4-クロルフェノチアジンも同じように反応し,それぞれの重合体を生成する。10-メチルフェノチアジンと過酸化ニッケルとの反応は,低温では進行せず,温度を上げると5-オキシドおよび5,5-ジオキシドと少量のフェノチアゾンを与える。2-クロル-10-メチルフェノチアジンも同じように三者を与えるが4-クロル-10-メチルフェノチアジンのときにはジオキシドの生成を認めず,オキシドおよびクロル-フェノチアゾンのみを生成する。これらの生成物から反応経路について考察を加えた。
Decreased Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase67 Messenger RNA Expression in a Subset of Prefrontal Cortical γ-Aminobutyric Acid Neurons in Subjects With Schizophrenia (2000)

These findings indicate that in subjects with schizophrenia, GAD67 mRNA expression is relatively unaltered in most PFC GABA neurons but is reduced below a detectable level in a subset of GABA neurons. Altered GABA neurotransmission in this subset may contribute to PFC dysfunction in subjects with schizophrenia.
Artificial Intelligence Assists Discovery of Reaction Coordinates and Mechanisms from Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2019)

Exascale computing holds great opportunities for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, to take full advantage of the new possibilities, we must learn how to focus computational power on the discovery of complex molecular mechanisms, and how to extract them from enormous amounts of data. Both aspects still rely heavily on human experts, which becomes a serious bottleneck when a large number of parallel simulations have to be orchestrated to take full advantage of the available computing power. Here, we use artificial intelligence (AI) both to guide the sampling and to extract the relevant mechanistic information. We combine advanced sampling schemes with statistical inference, artificial neural networks, and deep learning to discover molecular mechanisms from MD simulations. Our framework adaptively and autonomously initializes simulations and learns the sampled mechanism, and is thus suitable for massively parallel computing architectures. We propose practical solutions to make the neural networks interpretable, as illustrated in applications to molecular systems.
Improving turbine engine compressor performance retention through airfoil coatings (1981)

In order to evaluate the potential effectiveness of coatings in limiting erosive damage to compressor airfoils, an effort was initiated to evaluate candidate coatings for substrate alloys typically used in commercial engine high compressor blades. Laboratory and rig erosion testing of plasma deposited and diffusion coatings described in this paper have shown the potential of a two to four fold improvement in erosion life. The selective application of these coatings to approximately the outer third of the airfoil avoids coating the fatigue critical region of the blade, thus providing erosion resistance potentially without compromising the fatigue strength of the blade. Both the plasma and the diffusion coatings also offer the advantage of low initial cost and a multi-source production base.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐2‐ Aminocyclohexanecarboxamides and Their N‐Substituted Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A boolean content addressable memory and its applications (1985)

A memory called the Boolean Content Addressable Memory integrates the content-based address identification logic into the RAM comprising 1-bit words. This memory is suitable for on-chip VLSI implementation and compatible with the RAM for on-board implementation. Its application includes list management and graph traversal.
The Effects of Al Doping and Metallic-Cap Layers on Electromigration Transport Mechanisms in Copper Nanowires (2011)

We investigate electromigration transport mechanisms in Cu and Cu alloy damascene conductors. We show that the drift velocity exhibits a dependence on microstructure. We find that Cu-Al alloys exhibit a small increase in grain boundary diffusion activation energy compared to pure Cu and a reduction in the diffusion prefactor for Cu/cap interfacial transport. Cu-silicide- and CoWP-cap layers are both effective in reducing the interfacial component of electromigration primarily through increases in interface diffusion activation energy. The Cu silicide cap also impacts grain boundary electromigration as a result of silicon doping of grain boundaries during processing, while the CoWP cap has no measurable impact on grain boundary transport. The positive impact of Al doping and metallic-cap layers on electromigration is additive, suggesting the potential for impurity doping and metallic caps to be combined to optimize for reliability across the geometry ranges encountered in circuits.
Chlorambucil in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Mechanism of Action (1996)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in Western countries but the clinical presentation and rate of disease progression are highly variable. When treatment is required the most commonly used therapy is the nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, chlorambucil (CLB), with or without prednisone. Although CLB has been used in the treatment of CLL for forty years the exact mechanism of action of this agent in CLL is still unclear. Studies in proliferating model tumor systems have demonstrated that CLB can bind to a variety of cellular structures such as membranes, RNA, proteins and DNA; however, DNA crosslinking appears to be most important for antitumor activity in these systems. In addition, a number of different mechanisms can contribute to CLB resistance in these tumor models including increased drug metabolism, DNA repair and CLB detoxification resulting from elevated levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. However, unlike tumor models in vitro, CLL cells are generally not proliferating and studies in CLL cells have raised questions about the hypothesis that DNA crosslinking is the major mechanism of antitumor action for CLB in this disease. CLB induces apoptosis in CLL cells and this appears to correlate with the clinical effects of this agent. Thus, alkylation of cellular targets other than DNA, which can also induce apoptosis, may contribute to the activity of CLB. Alterations in genes such as p53, mdm-2, bcl-2 and bax which control entry into apoptosis may cause drug resistance. Loss of wild-type p53 by mutation or deletion occurs in 10 to 15% of CLL patients and appears to correlate strongly with poor clinical response to CLB. The induction of apoptosis by CLB is paralleled by an increase in P53 and Mdm-2 but this increase in not observed in patients with p53 mutations indicating that with high drug concentrations CLB can produce cell death through P53 independent pathways. The level of Mdm-2 mRNA in the CLL cells is not a useful predictor of drug sensitivity. In addition, although Bax and Bcl-2 are important regulators of apoptosis and the levels of these proteins are elevated in CLL cells compared with normal B cells, the levels of Bax and Bcl-2, or the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, are not important determinants of drug sensitivity in this leukemia. Finally, whereas CLB and nucleoside analogs may produce cell death in CLL by a P53 dependent pathway other agents, such as dexamethasone or vincristine, may act through P53-independent pathways.
Mapping of multiple HLA class II-restricted T-cell epitopes of the mycobacterial 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (1994)

By combining a DNA subclone and synthetic-peptide approach, we mapped epitopes of the immunogenic mycobacterial 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) recognized by human CD4+ T-cell clones and lines. In addition, we identified the respective HLA-DR molecules used in antigen presentation. The donor groups used were healthy persons immunized with killed Mycobacterium leprae and tuberculoid leprosy patients. The results show that the N-terminal part of the HSP70 molecule contains three different T-cell epitopes, of which two were presented by DR7 (amino acids [aa] 66 to 82 and 210 to 226) and one was presented by DR3 (aa 262 to 274). The C-terminal part contains one epitope (aa 413 to 424) presented by HLA-DR2. The C-terminal epitope shows extensive homology to the corresponding region of the human HSP70 sequence. All of the T-cell epitopes identified were presented by only one particular HLA-DR molecule. We also found that HLA-DR5 and DRw53 can present HSP70 to T cells, demonstrating the presence of additional epitopes not yet defined at the peptide level. On the basis of the donors used in this study, recognition of HSP70 at the epitope level seems to be ruled by the restriction elements expressed by the donor rather than by any difference in reactivity between healthy individuals and patients. In conclusion, mycobacterial HSP70 is relevant to subunit vaccine design since it contains a variety of T-cell epitopes presented in the context of multiple HLA-DR molecules.