gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Global object reconstruction using airborne video imagery: the ESPRIT-III GLORE Project</title> (1995)

In this paper the ESPRIT-III GLORE project is described. One aim of the prject is to create a turnkey system that takes as input hundreds or thousnads of aerial video images and outputs a digital ortho-mosaic and a digital elevation model of the covered area. This '3D-image- mosaic' is to be used by the forest industry in land-use planning and forest management. The mosaic is to be used as basis for the evaluation of forest resources. It is very difficult to use the separate video images, so the mosaic is essential. The digital elevation model is important in planning of roads and visualization. The '3D-image-mosiac' is to be made automatically using the methods of global object matching or global object reconstruction. In this case an object based approach is used in the matching. This kind of methods are mostly very computation intensive. Therefore a transputer based parallel computer is used. First, the ideas behind the system are described, including the use of GPS navigation data with the on-line digitization of the images on the aircraft. Then, some examples of the method using aerial photographs are shown.
Quantitative membrane loading of polymer vesicles (2006)

We utilize a series of structurally homologous, multi-porphyrin-based, fluorophores (PBFs) in order to explore the capacity of polymer vesicles (polymersomes) to stably incorporate large hydrophobic molecules, non-covalently within their thick lamellar membranes. Through aqueous hydration of dry, uniform thin-films of amphiphilic polymer and PBF species deposited on Teflon, self-assembled polymersomes are readily generated incorporating the hydrophobic fluorophores in prescribed molar ratios within their membranes. The size-dependent spectral properties of the PBFs allow for ready optical verification ( steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy) of the extent of vesicle membrane loading and enable delineation of intermembranous molecular interactions. The resultant effects of PBF membrane-loading on polymersome thermodynamic and mechanical stability are further assessed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and micropipet aspiration, respectively. We demonstrate that polymersomes can be loaded at up to 10 mol/wt% concentrations, with hydrophobic molecules that possess sizes comparable to those of large pharmaceutical conjugates ( ranging 1.4-5.4 nm in length and = 0.7-5.4 kg mol), without significantly compromising the robust thermodynamic and mechanical stabilities of these synthetic vesicle assemblies. Due to membrane incorporation, hydrophobic encapsulants are effectively prevented from self-aggregation, able to be highly concentrated in aqueous solution, and successfully shielded from deleterious environmental interactions. Together, these studies present a generalized paradigm for the generation of complex multi-functional materials that combine both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents, in mesoscopic dimensions, through cooperative self-assembly.
Modeling the power rails in leading edge microprocessor packages (2002)

This paper discusses an electrical modeling methodology developed to deal with package power rail (supply) issues for high performance microprocessors. The basic approach is to create a SPICE model of the microprocessor package and IC power rails that mimics the actual physical structures. Grid array style packages with flip mounted dice conveniently partition into two dimensional arrays (planes) interconnected in the third dimension by flip chip bumps, package vias, pins, etc. The key issues are how to partition the system for modeling, how to create the model elements, and how to manage the integration of the model elements. Partitioning is done by choosing a two-dimensional "cell" dimension that provides both acceptable resolution and model complexity. Practical guidelines for creating model subcircuits are discussed. Simulation results representative of a leading edge microprocessor package are presented.
Experience with a space efficient way to store a dictionary (1981)

The paper, “Computer Programs for Detecting and Correcting Spelling Errors” by James L. Peterson [3], listed methods for checking and correcting spelling errors. One significant method, however, was not included: a probabilistic technique suggested by Carter, Floyd, Gill, Markovsky, and Wegman [1]. The present note discusses aspects of these practical space efficient algorithms for testing set membership—a simple abstraction of looking a word up in a dictionary. An implementation of one of these algorithms uses only 20 percent of the space used by the Stanford SPELL program described by Peterson.
Electronic Conduction Characteristics of Sol-Gel Ferroelectric Pb(Zr<sub>0.4</sub>Ti<sub>0.6</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Thin-Film Capacitors: Part I (1995)

We studied the electronic conduction characteristics of sol-gel ferroelectric Pb(Zr 0.4 Ti 0.6 )O 3 thin-film capacitors by evaluation of time-dependent leakage current ( I-t ) and current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics along with the dielectric properties. We found two regions in the I-V characteristics, which were (1) ohmic-like current with strong decay time dependence below about 800 kV/cm, and (2) the current with strong electric field dependence above about 1 MV/cm. The leakage current in the ohmic region strongly depended upon the measurement conditions including decay time and the current obeyed the power law of DC stressing time. The hysteresis loop shifted toward a negative field after DC stressing which implied the trapping of positive charges near the top surface. The conduction mechanism of current at high field was considered to be the mixture of Schottky emission and Frenkel Poole emission, taking the dynamic dielectric constant into account. The barrier height and trapped level were estimated to be 0.58 eV and 0.5 eV, respectively.
Therapeutic options for rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

At present, a common strategy for the treatment of RA uses methotrexate either as monotherapy or in combination with a variety of conventional and/or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), with the goal of inducing remission of active disease. The choice of which agent(s) to use is based upon patient-specific criteria (activity of disease, comorbidities, patient preferences, costs etc.). Emerging therapies that target specific cytokines and growth factors in the inflammatory cascade of RA offer a potent new means of modifying disease activity, but many questions regarding their use remain unanswered.
Functional association between viral and cellular transcription during influenza virus infection (2006)

Influenza viruses replicate and transcribe their segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome in the nucleus of the infected host cell. All RNA synthesising activities associated with influenza virus are performed by the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that consists of three subunits, PA, PB1 and PB2. However, viral transcription is critically dependent on on-going cellular transcription, in particular, on activities associated with the cellular DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Thus, the viral RdRp uses short 5' capped RNA fragments, derived from cellular Pol II transcripts, as primers for viral mRNA synthesis. These capped RNA primers are generated by cleavage of host Pol II transcripts by an endonuclease activity associated with the viral RdRp. Moreover, some viral transcripts require splicing and since influenza virus does not encode splicing machinery, it is dependent on host splicing, an activity also related to Pol II transcription. Despite these functional links between viral and host Pol II transcription, there has been no evidence that a physical association existed between the two transcriptional machineries. However, recently it was reported that there is a physical interaction between the trimeric viral RdRp and cellular Pol II. The viral RdRp was found to interact with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of initiating Pol II, at a stage in the transcription cycle when capping takes place. It was therefore proposed that this interaction may be required for the viral RNA (vRNA) polymerase to gain access to capped RNA substrates for endonucleolytic cleavage. The virus not only relies on cellular factors to support its own RNA synthesis, but also subverts cellular pathways in order to generate an environment optimised for viral multiplication. In this respect, the interaction of the viral NS1 protein with factors involved in cellular pre-mRNA processing is of particular relevance. The virus also alters the distribution of Pol II on cellular genes, leading to a reduction in elongating Pol II thereby contributing to the phenomenon known as host shut-off.
Enhanced H2AX Phosphorylation, DNA Replication Fork Arrest, and Cell Death in the Absence of Chk1 (2010)

H2AX phosphorylation at serine 139 (gammaH2AX) is a sensitive indicator of both DNA damage and DNA replication stress. Here we show that gammaH2AX formation is greatly enhanced in response to replication inhibitors but not ionizing radiation in HCT116 or SW480 cells depleted of Chk1. Although H2AX phosphorylation precedes the induction of apoptosis in such cells, our results suggest that cells containing gammaH2AX are not committed to death. gammaH2AX foci in these cells largely colocalize with RPA foci and their formation is dependent upon the essential replication helicase cofactor Cdc45, suggesting that H2AX phosphorylation occurs at sites of stalled forks. However Chk1-depleted cells released from replication inhibitors retain gammaH2AX foci and do not appear to resume replicative DNA synthesis. BrdU incorporation only occurs in a minority of Chk1-depleted cells containing gammaH2AX foci after release from thymidine arrest and, in cells incorporating BrdU, DNA synthesis does not occur at sites of gammaH2AX foci. Furthermore activated ATM and Chk2 persist in these cells. We propose that the gammaH2AX foci in Chk1-depleted cells may represent sites of persistent replication fork damage or abandonment that are unable to resume DNA synthesis but do not play a direct role in the Chk1 suppressed death pathway.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 is a cellular receptor for rabies virus (2018)

Rabies virus (RABV) invades the central nervous system and nearly always causes fatal disease in humans. How RABV interacts with host neuron membrane receptors to become internalized and cause rabid symptoms is not yet fully understood. Here, we identified a novel receptor of RABV, which RABV uses to infect neurons. We found that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family that is abundant in the central nervous system, directly interacts with RABV glycoprotein to mediate virus entry. RABV infection was drastically decreased after mGluR2 siRNA knock-down in cells. Antibodies to mGluR2 blocked RABV infection in cells in vitro. Moreover, mGluR2 ectodomain soluble protein neutralized the infectivity of RABV cell-adapted strains and a street strain in cells (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo). We further found that RABV and mGluR2 are internalized into cells and transported to early and late endosomes together. These results suggest that mGluR2 is a functional cellular entry receptor for RABV. Our findings may open a door to explore and understand the neuropathogenesis of rabies.
<title>Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Silicon Carbide For Large Area Mirrors</title> (1982)

CVD-SiC has been identified as the leading mirror material for high energy synchrotron radiation because of its high K/a ratio and its ability to be super-polished to <10 A rms roughness. Technology already exists for depositing SiC over large areas (approximately 70 cm x 20 cm). The CVD process, substrate selection, and mirror design considerations are discussed.
Bromocriptine related atypical vascular accidents postpartum identified through medicolegal reviews. (1996)

Recent literary case reports indicate that bromocriptine mesylate, when used for the suppression of lactation in the puerperium, can cause serious and even lethal side effects. The untoward sequelae are attributed to generalized or focal vasospasm affecting the cardiac and/or cerebral bold vessels. Apart from pre-existing hypertension and use in association with other ergot derivatives, the factors predisposing to such complications have not been elucidated, The authors present three atypical bromocriptine related postpartum accidents which may expand the understanding both of the predisposing factors and the potential consequences of bromocriptine related severe side effects. One of the cases raises the suspicion that the manifestations of hyperthyroidism may be aggravated by this method of pharmacologic ablactation. Another observation appears to imply that the drug may trigger the onset of chronic hypertension in women so predisposed. The development of cerebral infarcts, identified by MRI, in a clinically asymptomatic woman, exemplifies the threat of recurrent seizure activity in cases of bromocriptine related stroke.
Differential CRX and OTX2 expression in human retina and retinoblastoma (2009)

The histogenesis of retinoblastoma tumors remains controversial, with the cell-of-origin variably proposed to be an uncommitted retinal progenitor cell, a bipotent committed cell, or a cell committed to a specific lineage. Here, we examine the expression of two members of the orthodenticle family implicated in photoreceptor and bipolar cell differentiation, cone-rod homeobox, CRX, and orthodenticle homeobox 2, OTX2, in normal human retina, retinoblastoma cell lines and retinoblastoma tumors. We show that CRX and OTX2 have distinct expression profiles in the developing human retina, with CRX first expressed in proliferating cells and cells committed to the bipolar lineage, and OTX2 first appearing in the photoreceptor lineage. In the mature retina, CRX levels are highest in photoreceptor cells whereas OTX2 is preferentially found in bipolar cells and in the retinal pigmented epithelium. Both CRX and OTX2 are widely expressed in retinoblastoma cell lines and in retinoblastoma tumors, although CRX is more abundant than OTX2 in the differentiated elements of retinoblastoma tumors such as large rosettes, Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and fleurettes. Widespread expression of CRX and OTX2 in retinoblastoma tumors and cell lines suggests a close link between the cell-of-origin of retinoblastoma tumors and cells expressing CRX and OTX2.
¡Ay! Ribadavia: re-creating sephardic culture in a galician town (1997)

El pueblo de Ribadavia, en Galicia, lleva 9 anos presentando la da Istoria. Se trata de una re-invencion moderna, basada en un acontecimiento que tuvo lugar en este pueblo, probablememte desarrollado por descendientes de judios conversos durante los siglos 16-19. Aqui se examinan algunos cambios realizados por los cantantes, en el repertorio seleccionado por los organizadores de esta recreacion, y posteriormente, la recepcion equivoca de la Festa como real supervivencia de la vida judia en la Espana medieval - cuestion esta nunca planteada por los organizadores. Posteriormente, se examinan cuestiones relativas a la cultural junto a la posibilidad de que no se trate tanto de una apropiacion cuanto, de una re-apropiacion, si es que tal fenomeno puede existir.
Evaluation of factors to convert absorbed dose calibrations in graphite to water for mega-voltage photon beams (2000)

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) provides a high-energy (4-19 MV) X-ray calibration service for secondary standard dosemeters in terms of absorbed dose to water. As the primary standard that is used for this calibration service is a graphite calorimeter absorbed dose calibrations must be converted from graphite to water. The conversion factors currently in use were determined prior to the commencement of this service. Since this time it has been identified that clinical LINACs have more inherent filtration than the NPL LINAC and so calibrations are now carried out for heavily filtered qualities. The conversion factors for heavily filtered qualities were determined by interpolation and extrapolation of lightly filtered results as a function of TPR (tissue phantom ratio). This work aims to evaluate these factors for all mega-voltage photon energies provided by the NPL LINAC for both lightly and heavily filtered qualities in two ways. The first method involves the use of the photon fluence scaling theorem. This states that if two blocks of different material are irradiated by the same photon beam, and if all dimensions are scaled in the inverse ratio of the electron densities of the two media, then, assuming that all photon interactions occur by Compton scatter the photon attenuation and scatter factors at corresponding scaled points of measurement in the phantom will be identical. The second method involves making in-phantom measurements of chamber response at a constant target-chamber distance. Monte Carlo techniques are then used to determine the corresponding dose to the medium in order to determine the chamber calibration factor directly. Values of the ratio of absorbed dose calibration factors in water to graphite determined in these two ways agreed with each other to within 0.2% (1 s uncertainty). The best fit to both sets of results agrees with values determined in previous work to within 0.4% (2 o uncertainty).
HiRes camera and lidar ranging system for the Clementine mission (1995)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed a space-qualified high resolution (HiRes) imaging LIDAR (light detection and ranging) system for use on the DoD Clementine mission. The Clementine mission provided more than 1.7 million images of the moon, earth, and stars, including the first ever complete systematic surface mapping of the moon from the ultra-violet to near-infrared spectral regions. This article describes the Clementine HiRes/LIDAR system, discusses design goals and preliminary estimates of on-orbit performance, and summarizes lessons learned in building and using the sensor. The LIDAR receiver system consists of a HiRes imaging channel which incorporates an intensified multi-spectral visible camera combined with a laser ranging channel which uses an avalanche photo-diode for laser pulse detection and timing. The receiver was bore sighted to a lightweight McDonnell-Douglas diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser transmitter that emitted 1.06 micrometer wavelength pulses of 200 mJ/pulse and 10 ns pulse-width. The LIDAR receiver uses a common F/9.5 Cassegrain telescope assembly. The optical path of the telescope is split using a color-separating beamsplitter. The imaging channel incorporates a filter wheel assembly which spectrally selects the light which is imaged onto a custom 12 mm gated image intensifier fiber-optically coupled into a 384 multiplied by 276 pixel frame transfer CCD FPA. The image intensifier was spectrally sensitive over the 0.4 to 0.8 micrometer wavelength region. The six-position filter wheel contained 4 narrow spectral filters, one broadband and one blocking filter. At periselene (400 km) the HiRes/LIDAR imaged a 2.8 km swath width at 20-meter resolution. The LIDAR function detected differential signal return with a 40-meter range accuracy, with a maximum range capability of 640 km, limited by the bit counter in the range return counting clock. The imagery from the HiRes is most useful for smaller scale topography studies, while the LIDAR data is used for global terrain and inferred gravity maps.
High-Speed RLWE-Oriented Polynomial Multiplier Utilizing Karatsuba Algorithm (2021)

Lattice-based cryptography (LBC) is one of the promising post-quantum candidates which offers good security and performance. The most time consuming operations in LBC is the polynomial multiplication, which can be performed through widely explored algorithms like schoolbook polynomial multiplication algorithm (SPMA) and Number Theoretic Transform (NTT). However, Karatsuba algorithm with better complexity compared to SPMA, is not widely studied for FPGA implementation of LBC. In this brief, we proposed an optimized SPMA-Karatsuba (SK) architecture with novel technique to implement the negacyclic convolution. The proposed architecture is more than 2.09× faster in expense of 96.06% additional hardware resources compared to the state-of-the-art SPMA architecture. This shows that the combination of SPMA and Karatsuba algorithm can produce hardware architecture with higher speed yet maintain balanced area-time efficiency compared to SPMA-only architecture. This is especially useful for developing IoT edge nodes or gateway devices that require high speed but able to tolerate some additional hardware area.
Tapered Bottlebrush Polymers: Cone-Shaped Nanostructures by Sequential Addition of Macromonomers (2017)

Tapered (cone-shaped) bottlebrush polymers were synthesized for the first time by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using a sequential-addition of macromonomers (SAM) strategy. Polystyrene macromonomers with molecular weights that increased from 1 to 10 kg mol<sup>-1</sup> were polymerized in sequence to high conversion, yielding tapered bottlebrush polymers that could be visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Introduction to "Citizens' health services" (2012)

It's an introduction to the debate on citizenship in health care is nowadays really important, not only in Italy. The critical reflections connected to the new practices of citizenship are increasing. We try to answer to some issues as: the citizens' actvism can create a real partecipation? the citizens' actvism can produce an effective empowerment?
Structural Properties of the Axis Studied in Cadaveric Specimens (2004)

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the axis in 20 fresh cadaveric specimens obtained at autopsy were studied to investigate the internal structural properties of the axis. In all specimens, serial scans were done in three planes. The area of the dens consisted of dense cortical and trabecular bone (Region 1, above the base of the dens) and showed statistically significantly greater peripheral quantitative computed tomography values when compared with the anterior part of the body of the axis (Region 2, below the base of the dens). An age-related progressive decrease of peripheral quantitative computed tomography values was observed, with specimens from subjects younger than 40 years showing statistically significantly greater peripheral quantitative computed tomography values when compared with those from subjects older than 40 years. A small area of trabecular bone with decreased density was found close to the anteroinferior edge of the body of the axis in the specimens from younger subjects. In contrast, a large area of trabecular bone with decreased density extending anteroinferiorly to superoposteriorly to the base of the dens was found in the specimens from older subjects. Based on these findings, we think that dens fracture classification systems and fixation techniques should be reconsidered.
Interaction of Aromatic Compounds with Carbon Nanotubes:  Correlation to the Hammett Parameter of the Substituent and Measured Carbon Nanotube FET Response (2003)

We have used field-effect transistor (FET) devices with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as the conducting channels to study interactions of aromatic compounds with SWNTs. Electronic detection occurs through charge-transfer effects, monitored as the change of the gate voltage (Vg) dependence of the source-drain current Isd. For monosubstituted benzene compounds, we find that the shift of the Isd − Vg characteristic is proportional to the Hammett sigma values (σp) of their substituents.