gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the solvent-free MALDI sample preparation method (2004)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is an important technique to characterize many different materials, including synthetic polymers. MALDI mass spectral data can be used to determine the polymer average molecular weights, repeat units, and end groups. One of the key issues in traditional MALDI sample preparation is making good solutions of the analyte and the matrix. Solvent-free sample preparation methods have been developed to address these issues. Previous results of solvent-free or dry prepared samples show some advantages over traditional wet sample preparation methods. Although the results of the published solvent-free sample preparation methods produced excellent mass spectra, we found the method to be very time-consuming, with significant tool cleaning, which presents a significant possibility of cross contamination. To address these issues, we developed an extension of the solvent-free method that replaces the mortar and pestle grinding with ball milling the sample in a glass vial with two small steel balls. This new method generates mass spectra with equal quality of the previous methods, but has significant advantages in productivity, eliminates cross contamination, and is applicable to liquid and soft or waxy analytes.
Syntheses and chelating properties of polymer‐supported macrocyclic polythioethers (1983)

Abstract Polymer‐supported macrocyclic polythioethers (7a, b, and 8) were prepared from chloromethylated polystyrene resins (6) and 14‐ or 20‐membered a hydroxyl group containing polythioethers (3a, b, and 5) , which were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding dithiols with 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol (2) . The polymer‐supported polythioethers were found to be highly efficient adsorbents of Ag(I), moderately effective for Cu(II), but less effective for Cd(II). For Ag(I) the binding ability of 7a is almost independent of the morphology of the polymer support, whereas for Cu(II) the binding ability depends on the morphology. Adsorbed Ag(I) or Cu(II) were removed by treatment with an ammonia solution from the polymer‐supported macrocyclic polythioethers, which can be re‐used without a significant decrease in binding ability.
Gene and Protein Expression Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Rat Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow (2011)

There are significant differences between ASC and BM-MSC in the cytokine secretome, which may provide clues to the molecule mechanisms associated with tissue regeneration and alternative cell sources.
Two-layer film as a laser soldering biomaterial (1999)

The two-layer solder appeared to be more efficient at soldering biomaterials than the one-layer solder. Furthermore, the heat diffusion from the black midplane of the two-layer solder decreased the difference in temperature recorded on the solder external surface and on the solder-tissue interface.
Investigation of Molecular Weight and Aging Effects on the Stiffness of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Microcapsules (2004)

By using a combination of atomic force and confocal microscopy, we explore the effect of molecular weight and aging on the mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules. Within the variability of experimental data, the force vs relative deformation curves and images from confocal scanning of the deformed capsules were found to be the same for all molecular weights used. The freshly prepared polyelectrolyte microcapsules were found to be stiffer than the aged ones. This time softening or aging was shown to be due to faster drainage of the inner solution. Such a rapid drainage is probably caused by an enhanced fragility (or a decrease in the rupture strength) of the multilayer and is observed despite a detected reduction of nanopore size and number. These results are consistent with the concept of a rubbery (elastomeric) state of the multilayer.
Isolation of Neural Progenitor Cells From the Human Adult Subventricular Zone Based on Expression of the Cell Surface Marker CD271 (2014)

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) hold promise for future therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, because the stimulation of adult neurogenesis could potentially restore the function of degenerating neurons and glia. To obtain more knowledge on these NPCs, we developed a method to specifically isolate NPCs from postmortem adult human brains based on the expression of the specific human adult neural stem/progenitor cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein δ (GFAPδ). An extensive immunophenotyping analysis for cell surface markers resulted in the observation that CD271 was limited to the SVZ-derived GFAPδ-positive cells. CD271(+) cells developed into neurospheres and could be differentiated into astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. We are the first to show that a pure population of NPCs can be isolated from the adult human SVZ, which is highly instrumental for developing future therapies based on stimulating endogenous SVZ neurogenesis.
Physico-chemical characterization of polysaccharide vaccines. (2000)

An increasing number of sophisticated analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, are currently being applied to the quality control of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-based vaccines. These methodologies are providing more precise and more detailed profiles of these vaccines. NMR spectroscopy also provides a convenient and powerful technique to monitor alterations of the polysaccharide in the production of protein conjugate vaccines.
Strength-Duration Relationship for Human Transvenous Defibrillation (1997)

The shape of the strength-duration curve and the lack of rheobase current indicate a fundamental difference between cardiac stimulation and defibrillation. The relationship between pulse duration and defibrillation threshold voltage or stored energy is well modeled by a parallel capacitor resistor circuit with a time constant of 5.3 ms.
Round Reduction Using Faults (2005)

This paper presents a practical implementation of a fault attack implemented on a Silvercard (a freely available smart card based on a PIC16F877 produced by Microchip). The aim of the fault attack is to effectively reduce the number of rounds of a secret key algorithm. The simplest case of reducing the number of rounds to one was chosen to facilitate subsequent cryptanalysis. The fault injection method used is a glitch on the power supplied to the smart card. The manner in which this changes the functioning of the smart card is described, followed by how this effect can then be used to produce the desired result. A description of how this was applied to an AES implementation is given. Lastly, Various generic countermeasures are discussed to show how this type of attack can be prevented.
<title>Millimeter-wave video rate imagers</title> (1997)

The author will describe millimeter wave focal plane array (FPA) imagers developed primarily for concealed weapons detection (CWD) and through wall surveillance (TWS) applications. Both passive (radiometric) and active (radar) imagers will be described. The technology employed in these cameras is ideally suited to a wide range of other applications as well. Traditionally, passive millimeter wave images have been generated using scanned sensors of various types ranging from single elements to line arrays. A line scanner using FPA technology is being developed at Millimetrix for CWD and other applications. Scanning imagers, however, cannot meet the frame rate and sensitivity requirements for some applications. Certain CWD applications, in particular, require a passive, video rate (30 fps) imagers which we are also developing using a patented focal plane array technology we call Millivision<SUP>TM</SUP>. Similarly, TWS applications demand an active, video rate imager which shares much of the same Millivision<SUP>TM</SUP> FPA technology. Customers always need more resolution, more sensitivity, and a wider field-of-view all in the smallest possible package and at the lowest cost. To meet these difficult requirements, the Millivision<SUP>TM</SUP> video rate imagers operate near 94 GHz and employ active optics and filled focal plane arrays, both of which will be briefly described. The optimally filled FPA is small angle scanned (dithered) electronically relative to the scene in a 4 X 4 matrix to achieve a 2 X 2 oversampling of the image. A multiplicative `super resolution' algorithm is then used to digitally enhance the spatial frequency resolution of the resulting image by a factor of approximately 2.
Anti-slip Readhesion Control without Speed Sensor for Electric Railway Vehicles (2003)

Since the advent of railway vehicles with three-phase drive in the 1970s, power semiconductors used in electric railway vehicles have been changed from thyristors to GTO thyristors and IGBTs. As for traction motor control, vector control has come into wide use in place of slip frequency control and vector control without speed sensor is at a trial stage for commercial trains. Anti-slip and readhesion control of railway vehicles has greatly progressed by utilizing wheel axle speed information. Locomotives and electric multiple units with speed-sensor-less vector control in the future should have at least the same adhesion performance as that of the alternatives with speed sensor. In this paper, a novel anti-slip readhesion control without speed sensor is proposed. By this method small wheel slips can be easily detected. Its performance is expected to be as high as that of the control with speed sensor. This paper enumerates the characteristics of wheel slip phenomenon and anti-slip control for railway vehicles, explains the running test results that show basics of anti-slip readhesion control with speed sensors, describes an outline of the novel anti-slip readhesion control without speed sensor, and verifies the basic functions by simulation.
Fabrication and Properties of Polyurethane Nanofibers Nonwoven by Solution Blowing (2011)

Polyurethane (PU) nanofibers were fabricated by solution blowing. The effects of polymer concentration, gas pressure and temperature on morphology and diameter of fiber were discussed. The results show that the fiber with mean diameters in 100nm- 400nm range was successfully obtained, and when the mass fraction of the solution increases, the diameter of the fiber increases. On the whole, the evenness of the fiber diameter tends to decrease. The gas pressure and the temperature affect the fibers’ diameter, and as the gas pressure increase, the diameters of the fiber decrease, while the fiber diameter is gradually larger as the temperature increasing.
A Conservative Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)-based Loss Recovery Algorithm for TCP (2003)

This document presents a conservative loss recovery algorithm for TCP that is based on the use of the selective acknowledgment (SACK) TCP option. The algorithm presented in this document conforms to the spirit of the current congestion control specification (RFC 2581), but allows TCP senders to recover more effectively when multiple segments are lost from a single flight of data.
Quantitative and sensory studies on tomato paste volatiles (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative and sensory studies on tomato paste volatilesRon G. Buttery, Roy Teranishi, Louisa C. Ling, and Jean G. TurnbaughCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 1, 336–340Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00091a074https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1765Altmetric-Citations259LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GLI2-dependent c-MYC upregulation mediates resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 (2015)

JQ1 and I-BET151 are selective inhibitors of BET bromodomain proteins that have efficacy against a number of different cancers. Since the effectiveness of targeted therapies is often limited by development of resistance, we examined whether it was possible for cancer cells to develop resistance to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Here we show that pancreatic cancer cells developing resistance to JQ1 demonstrate cross-resistance to I-BET151 and insensitivity to BRD4 downregulation. The resistant cells maintain expression of c-MYC, increase expression of JQ1-target genes FOSL1 and HMGA2, and demonstrate evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, reverting EMT fails to sensitize the resistant cells to JQ1 treatment. Importantly, the JQ1-resistant cells remain dependent on c-MYC that now becomes co-regulated by high levels of GLI2. Furthermore, downregulating GLI2 re-sensitizes the resistant cells to JQ1. Overall, these results identify a mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance to BET inhibitors.
J. L. Comaroff & J. Comaroff. Ethnicity, Inc. (2011)

Venture-capital outfits run by chiefs; tribal holding companies of precious metals; nations as brands and commercial enterprises; indigenous-themed casinos and shopping malls; amusement parks dedicated to warrior heroes; consultancies that advise clients on how to commodify identity; and culture as intellectual property and patent rights. With these examples in mind, it is obvious that ethnicity has become a new frontier in Late Capitalism. Whereas Marx emphasized the alienation of the commod...
Variable Scottish English Consonants: The Cases of /ʍ/ and Non-Prevocalic /r/ (2010)

In a sample of 27 speakers of Scottish Standard English two notoriously variable consonantal features are investigated: the contrast of /ʍ/ and /w/ and non-prevocalic /r/, the latter both in terms of its presence or absence and the phonetic form it takes, if present. The pattern of realisation of non-prevocalic /r/ largely confirms previously reported findings. But there are a number of surprising results regarding the merger of /ʍ/ and /w/ and the loss of non-prevocalic /r/: While the former is more likely to happen in younger speakers and females, the latter seems more likely in older speakers and males. This is suggestive of change in progress leading to a loss of the /ʍ/ - /w/ contrast, while the variation found in non-prevocalic /r/ follows an almost inverse sociolinguistic pattern that does not suggest any such change and is additionally largely explicable in language-internal terms. One phenomenon requiring further investigation is the curious effect direct contact with Southern English accents seems to have on non-prevocalic /r/: innovation on the structural level (i.e. loss) and conservatism on the realisational level (i.e. increased incidence of [r] and [ɾ]) appear to be conditioned by the same sociolinguistic factors.
A peptide sequence from platelet factor 4 (CT-112) is effective in the treatment of type II collagen induced arthritis in mice. (1997)

These data suggest PF-4 derived octapeptide exerts antiinflammatory effects of experimental arthritis in mice.
DNA methylation array analysis identifies breast cancer associated <i>RPTOR</i>, <i>MGRN1</i> and <i>RAPSN</i> hypomethylation in peripheral blood DNA (2016)

DNA methylation changes in peripheral blood DNA have been shown to be associated with solid tumors. We sought to identify methylation alterations in whole blood DNA that are associated with breast cancer (BC). Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling on blood DNA from BC cases and healthy controls was performed by applying Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChips. Promising CpG sites were selected and validated in three independent larger sample cohorts via MassARRAY EpiTyper assays. CpG sites located in three genes (cg06418238 in RPTOR, cg00736299 in MGRN1 and cg27466532 in RAPSN), which showed significant hypomethylation in BC patients compared to healthy controls in the discovery cohort (p < 1.00 x 10-6) were selected and successfully validated in three independent cohorts (validation I, n =211; validation II, n=378; validation III, n=520). The observed methylation differences are likely not cell-type specific, as the differences were only seen in whole blood, but not in specific sub cell-types of leucocytes. Moreover, we observed in quartile analysis that women in the lower methylation quartiles of these three loci had higher ORs than women in the higher quartiles. The combined AUC of three loci was 0.79 (95%CI 0.73-0.85) in validation cohort I, and was 0.60 (95%CI 0.54-0.66) and 0.62 (95%CI 0.57-0.67) in validation cohort II and III, respectively. Our study suggests that hypomethylation of CpG sites in RPTOR, MGRN1 and RAPSN in blood is associated with BC and might serve as blood-based marker supplements for BC if these could be verified in prospective studies.
Automatic Ion Exclusion-Partition Chromatography of Acids. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Ion Exclusion-Partition Chromatography of Acids.G. A. Harlow and D. H. MormanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 13, 2438–2442Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60219a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60219a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced noise reduction techniques for ultra-low phase noise optical-to-microwave division with femtosecond fiber combs (2011)

We report what we believe to be the lowest phase noise optical-to-microwave frequency division using fiber-based femtosecond optical frequency combs: a residual phase noise of -120 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from an 11.55 GHz carrier frequency. Furthermore, we report a detailed investigation into the fundamental noise sources which affect the division process itself. Two frequency combs with quasi-identical configurations are referenced to a common ultrastable cavity laser source. To identify each of the limiting effects, we implement an ultra-low noise carrier-suppression measurement system, which avoids the detection and amplification noise of more conventional techniques. This technique suppresses these unwanted sources of noise to very low levels. In the Fourier frequency range of ∼200 Hz to 100 kHz, a feed-forward technique based on a voltage-controlled phase shifter delivers a further noise reduction of 10 dB. For lower Fourier frequencies, optical power stabilization is implemented to reduce the relative intensity noise which causes unwanted phase noise through power-to-phase conversion in the detector. We implement and compare two possible control schemes based on an acousto-optical modulator and comb pump current. We also present wideband measurements of the relative intensity noise of the fiber comb.
Preparation and Some Reactions of n-Hepta-fluoropropylmagnesium Iodide (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Some Reactions of n-Hepta-fluoropropylmagnesium IodideO. R. Pierce and M. LevineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 5, 1254Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01101a515RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (178 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Direct To Digital Holography For High Aspect Ratio Inspection of Semiconductor Wafers (2003)

Direct to Digital Holography (DDH) has been developed as a semiconductor wafer inspection tool and in particular as a tool for seeing defects in high aspect ratio (HAR) structures on semiconductor wafers and also for seeing partial‐height defects. While the tool works very well for general wafer inspection, it has unusual capabilities for high aspect ratio inspection (HARI) and for detecting thin residual film defects (partial height defects). Inspection of HAR structures is rated as one of the highest unmet priorities of the member companies of International SEMATECH, and finding residual thin film defects (in some cases called “stringers”) is also a very difficult challenge. The capabilities that make DDH unusually sensitive include: 1) the capture of the whole wave—both the classical amplitude captured by traditional optical systems, and the phase of the wave, with phase potentially measured to ∼1/1000’th of a wavelength or ∼2 to 3 Angstroms for a deep ultra‐violet (DUV) laser; 2) heterodyne detection—this allows it to capture very low signal levels; and 3) a head‐on geometry using a collimated laser beam that allows best penetration of HAR structures. The basic features and methods of this patented technology are presented, along with simple calculations of signal strength and expected noise levels for various circumstances. Full‐wave numerical calculations of electromagnetic field penetration into HAR contacts and experimental results from various wafer types and structures are also presented.