gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Skin Blood Flow and Venoarteriolar Response in Patients with Diabetes and Peripheral Vascular Disease by Laser Doppler Flowmetry (1989)

Skin blood flow in the distal foot was evaluated in patients with peripheral vascular disease and diabetes and compared with skin blood flow in normal volunteers by use of laser Doppler flowmetry. Resting blood flow (RBF) and standing blood flow (SBF) were recorded in a room at a constant temperature (20-22 degrees C). The RBF was found to be different in the five groups (normal, diabetics, patients with intermittent claudication, those with rest pain and those with impending gangrene. In diabetics RBF was significantly higher than in normal subjects. Even on standing, SBF in diabetics was higher and not different from RBF, indicating an ineffective venoarteriolar response (VAR). The VAR was also reduced in patients with claudication and was abolished in patients with rest pain and impending gangrene. In patients with rest pain SBF was increased. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a useful technique for evaluating skin perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease and for discriminating among different classes of patients.
Expression of major blood group antigens on human erythroid cells in a two phase liquid culture system (1990)

In order to examine the sequential expression of major blood group antigens on human erythroblasts, a selective two phase liquid culture system for erythroid progenitors was established. After mononuclear cells obtained from peripheral blood were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin stimulated-leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) for 7 days (the first phase), nonphagocytic cells were recultured under hypoxic culture conditions containing 30% fetal calf serum, 1% bovine serum albumin, 300 micrograms/mL transferrin and 2 U/mL recombinant erythropoietin (the second phase). Mature (orthochromatic) erythroblasts were observed on day 4 of the second phase, and reached 57.1 +/- 3.1% of total cells on day 8, followed by the appearance of denucleated red cells, equivalent to mature red cells in peripheral blood. Hemoglobin contents reached the level of 16.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/10(6) cells on day 8. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that, on day 3 of the second phase, cells became blood type M-positive, corresponding to the maturation of erythroid cells. Regarding the expression of ABH blood group antigens, a small number of blood type H-positive cells were initially detected on day 0 of the second phase, while blood type A-positive cells, which essentially were not observed on day 0, increased gradually corresponding to the extent of erythroid maturation. In the present system, Lewis and P1 blood group antigens were expressed at day 5 of the second phase, although autologous plasma was required to determine the expression of Lewis blood group antigens. This culture system is beneficial for studies on normal and abnormal human red cell membranes, because the erythroid progenitors in human peripheral blood were used, and a reasonable number of erythroid cells (0.5 to 1.5 x 10(7] was obtained with good maturation.
Half-Sandwich Alkyl and Hydrido Complexes of Yttrium: Convenient Synthesis and Polymerization Catalysis of Polar Monomers (1999)

Direct preparation of alkyl half-sandwich complexes of the heavier rare earth elements (such as 1) is possible by alkane elimination from the corresponding cyclopentadiene derivative and the trialkyl complex [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2]. Hydrogenation of 1 gives the highly fluxional dimeric hydride complex 2. Both complexes catalyze the polymerization of the polar monomers tert-butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile.
A Component Framework for Context-Awareness (2008)

The omnipresence of mobile networks and the multitude of resources connected to these networks motivate the development of applications able to mold themselves to the current context. Context-aware applications are autonomous to adapt their behavior according to the environment in which they execute. This behavior is achieved through an adaptation process that takes into account contextual information such as capabilities of the accessing terminal and network, user profile and preferences, current application's goals, and information about the surrounding environment (e.g., geographical location, nearby resources, and available services). Context-awareness is a key issue for the design and implementation of truly adaptive applications. However, due to the absence of de facto supporting models and platforms, context-awareness has been incorporated into existing applications in an ad-hoc way. In order to contribute to a more systematic design and implementation of context- aware applications, this paper shortly introduces a metamodel for context-aware applications and a supporting platform for this class of applications. The platform offers features to discover and publish available services using both decentralized and centralized mechanisms.
Entrainment of the Mammalian Cell Cycle by the Circadian Clock: Modeling Two Coupled Cellular Rhythms (2012)

The cell division cycle and the circadian clock represent two major cellular rhythms. These two periodic processes are coupled in multiple ways, given that several molecular components of the cell cycle network are controlled in a circadian manner. For example, in the network of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) that governs progression along the successive phases of the cell cycle, the synthesis of the kinase Wee1, which inhibits the G2/M transition, is enhanced by the complex CLOCK-BMAL1 that plays a central role in the circadian clock network. Another component of the latter network, REV-ERBa, inhibits the synthesis of the Cdk inhibitor p21. Moreover, the synthesis of the oncogene c-Myc, which promotes G1 cyclin synthesis, is repressed by CLOCK-BMAL1. Using detailed computational models for the two networks we investigate the conditions in which the mammalian cell cycle can be entrained by the circadian clock. We show that the cell cycle can be brought to oscillate at a period of 24 h or 48 h when its autonomous period prior to coupling is in an appropriate range. The model indicates that the combination of multiple modes of coupling does not necessarily facilitate entrainment of the cell cycle by the circadian clock. Entrainment can also occur as a result of circadian variations in the level of a growth factor controlling entry into G1. Outside the range of entrainment, the coupling to the circadian clock may lead to disconnected oscillations in the cell cycle and the circadian system, or to complex oscillatory dynamics of the cell cycle in the form of endoreplication, complex periodic oscillations or chaos. The model predicts that the transition from entrainment to 24 h or 48 h might occur when the strength of coupling to the circadian clock or the level of growth factor decrease below critical values.
A variational technique for source localization based on a sparse signal reconstruction perspective (2002)

We propose a novel non-parametric technique for source localization with passive sensor arrays. Our approach involves formulation of the problem in a variational framework where regularizing sparsity constraints are incorporated to achieve super-resolution and noise suppression. Compared to various source localization schemes, our approach offers increased resolution, significantly reduced sidelobes, and improved robustness to limitations in data quality and quantity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on simulated data.
Identification of both myeloid CD11c<sup>+</sup> and lymphoid CD11c<sup>−</sup> dendritic cell subsets in cord blood (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells described to date. In human peripheral blood, both myeloid and lymphoid subsets of DCs have been identified. In contrast, cord blood (CB) DCs have recently been described as being exclusively of the immature CD11c- lymphoid DC subset. Using an alternative method of enrichment, based on a negative selection system, both lymphoid (HLA-DR+ CD123+++ CD11c- CD33-) and myeloid (HLA-DR++ CD123+ CD11c+ CD33+) DCs were identified in CB. Although the majority of CB DCs showed a lymphoid phenotype, a significant number of CD11c+ myeloid DCs (25.6% +/- 14.5%, n = 13) were also present. Other markers, such as CD80 and CD83, were negative in both subsets. Analyses of the allostimulatory capacity of both subsets showed that freshly isolated CB lymphoid DCs failed to induce a potent allostimulation of naive CB T cells. These features are therefore consistent with previous work reporting an immature phenotype for lymphoid DCs in adult blood. The significance of the inverted CD11c+/CD11c- ratio observed in CB DCs (1:3) with respect to adult blood DCs (3:1) remains to be explained.
The electrochemical preparation of glycine (1963)

Abstract Glycine can be made by electro‐reduction of glyoxylic oxime which may either be used as the starting material, or be prepared in situ by reaction of glyoxylic acid with hydroxylamine. These two compounds are made in the same cell by electro‐reduction of oxalic acid and nitric acid. Thus when glycine is made from glyoxylic oxime prepared in situ , three reductions take place at the same electrode. This process, which gives a good yield of glycine, is discussed, and an account is given of the experimental technique and analytical methods used. The current efficiencies for the three reductions appear to be adversely affected when they are carried out simultaneously and at the same electrode.
Getting Warmer, However You Measure It (2004)

In this week9s issue of
 Nature, a group of researchers describes a way to correct a long-standing problem in satellite readings of temperature in the lower atmosphere caused by the ongoing cooling of the stratosphere. Once adjusted, satellite temperatures show much the same warming in the lower atmosphere as do thermometers at the surface.
Alkaloids of the Australian Rutaceae: <i>Pentaceras australis</i> Hook. F. III. Identification of 4-Methylthiocanthin-6-one (1952)

The alkaloid C15H10OSN2 occurring in the bark of Pentaceras australis Hook. f. is shown to be 4-methylthiocanthin-6-one. The lactam ring is opened by alcoholic alkali giving 2-methylthio-2-(1'-β-carbolyl)acrylic acid, followed by the elimination of methyl mercaptan and recyclization to 4-hydroxycanthin-6-one. Confirmation of the relation- ship of the alkaloid to canthinone is provided by (i) the ultraviolet absorption spectra, (ii) the formation of methyl mercaptan and 4,5-dihydrocanthine by treatment with zinc and hydrochloric acid, and (iii) the formation, by treatment with Raney nickel, of canthinone, 4,5-dihydrocanthinone, or the methyl or ethyl esters of β-carbolylpropionic acid, depending on the conditions employed. The alkaloid has been synthesized from β-carboline-1-carboxylic acid by conversion of the acid chloride with malonic ester, followed by cyclization, to 4-hydroxycanthinone, thence to 4-chlorocanthinone which with potassium methyl mercaptide yields 4-methylthiocanthinone. The low basicity of the alkaloid is discussed, particularly in relation to the basicity of 4-methoxy- canthinone.
Integrated-optic double-ring resonators with a wide free spectral range of 100 GHz (1995)

Integrated-optic double-ring resonators with a wide free spectral range (FSR) of 100 GHz are fabricated using GeO/sub 2/-doped silica waveguides with a high relative refractive index difference (/spl Delta/) of 1.5%. The resonators are composed of two ring resonators comprising small ring waveguides with radii of 1.75 and 2.0 mm. The double-ring resonator module exhibited a wide FSR of 98.0 GHz, a finesse of higher than 138, a low crosstalk of less than -11.7 dB, and a low insertion loss of 6.1 dB. The measured FSR of 98.0 GHz is wider than any previously reported ring resonator composed of optical waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
End-To-End Policy-Agnostic Security for Database-Backed Applications. (2015)

Protecting sensitive data often requires implementing repeated secu­ rity checks and filters throughout a program. This task is especially error-prone in web programs, where data flows between applica­ tions and databases. To reduce the opportunity for privacy leaks, we present Jacqueline, a web framework that automatically enforces se­ curity policies that restrict where sensitive data may flow. In Jacque­ line, programmers specify information flow policies separately from the rest of the program. In turn, the remainder of the program is policy-agnostic: parametric with respect to the policies. The Jacque­ line runtime differentiates outputs based on the policies and viewer by simulating simultaneous multiple executions. We demonstrate that this approach provides strong theoretical guarantees and is also practical. We formalize Jacqueline’s object-relational mapping and prove end-to-end policy compliance. Our formalism uses standard relational operations and thus allows us to implement Jacqueline as an extension of the Django Python framework using an unmodi­ fied SQL database. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach through three application case studies: a course manager, a health record system, and a conference management system that we have deployed to run a workshop. We compare to code written with hand-implemented policies, showing that not only does Jacqueline reduce lines of policy code, but also that the Jacqueline runtime has reasonable, and often negligible, overheads.
Applications of infrared microscopy to IC and MEMS packaging (2003)

A high sensitivity, infrared (IR) microscope operating in the wavelength range 800 to 2500 nm has been applied to a variety of packaging related issues. Applications can be divided into three categories. 1) For flip chip devices the advantage of the IR microscope is that most silicon is effectively transparent at wavelengths greater than 1100 nm. This enable defects such as voids, delamination cracks and corrosion to be investigated while the chip is mounted on the substrate. 2) The IR microscope enables thermal images of devices to be obtained with a temperature resolution of approximately 1 K and spatial resolution of 2-3 /spl mu/m. 3) The transparency of silicon to IR radiation has proved particularly valuable for characterising micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices such as microphones, at various stages of packaging, e.g., after die bonding and wire bonding.
Clinical review: Clinical imaging of the sublingual microcirculation in the critically ill - where do we stand? (2012)

A growing body of evidence exists associating depressed microcirculatory function and morbidity and mortality in a wide array of clinical scenarios. It has been suggested that volume replacement therapy using fluids and/or blood in combination with vasoactive agents to modulate macro- and microvascular perfusion might be essential for resuscitation of severely septic patients. Even after interventions effectively optimizing macrocirculatory hemodynamics, however, high mortality rates still persist in critically ill and especially in septic patients. Therefore, rather than limiting therapy to macrocirculatory targets alone, microcirculatory targets could be incorporated to potentially reduce mortality rates in these critically ill patients. In the present review we first provide a brief history of clinical imaging of the microcirculation and describe how microcirculatory imaging has been of prognostic value in intensive care patients. We then give an overview of therapies potentially improving the microcirculation in critically ill patients and propose a clinical trial aimed at demonstrating that therapy targeting improvement of the microcirculation results in improved organ function in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. We end with some recent technological advances in clinical microcirculatory image acquisition and analysis.
Perineal massage in labour and prevention of perineal trauma: randomised controlled trial (2001)

The practice of perineal massage in labour does not increase the likelihood of an intact perineum or reduce the risk of pain, dyspareunia, or urinary and faecal problems.
Mice Deficient in Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase Show Increased Vulnerability to Malonate, 3-Nitropropionic Acid, and 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine (2000)

Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) is a critical intracellular enzyme involved in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to water. In the present study we examined the susceptibility of mice with a disruption of the glutathione peroxidase gene to the neurotoxic effects of malonate, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Glutathione peroxidase knock-out mice showed no evidence of neuropathological or behavioral abnormalities at 2-3 months of age. Intrastriatal injections of malonate resulted in a significant twofold increase in lesion volume in homozygote GSHPx knock-out mice as compared to both heterozygote GSHPx knock-out and wild-type control mice. Malonate-induced increases in conversion of salicylate to 2,3- and 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, an index of hydroxyl radical generation, were greater in homozygote GSHPx knock-out mice as compared with both heterozygote GSHPx knock-out and wild-type control mice. Administration of MPTP resulted in significantly greater depletions of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and homovanillic acid in GSHPx knock-out mice than those seen in wild-type control mice. Striatal 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) concentrations after MPTP were significantly increased in GSHPx knock-out mice as compared with wild-type control mice. Systemic 3-NP administration resulted in significantly greater striatal damage and increases in 3-NT in GSHPx knock-out mice as compared to wild-type control mice. The present results indicate that a knock-out of GSHPx may be adequately compensated under nonstressed conditions, but that after administration of mitochondrial toxins GSHPx plays an important role in detoxifying increases in oxygen radicals.
Multiplied-Poisson noise in pulse, particle, and photon detection (1982)

Multiplication effects in point processes are important in a number of areas of electrical engineering and physics. We examine the properties and applications of a point process that arises when each event of a primary Poisson process generates a random number of subsidiary events, with a given time course. The multiplication factor is assumed to obey the Poisson probability law, and the dynamics of the time delay are associated with a linear filter of arbitrary impulse response function; special attention is devoted to the rectangular and exponential cases. The process turns out to be a doubly stochastic Poisson point process whose stochastic rate is shot noise; it has application in pulse, particle, and photon detection. Explicit results are obtained for the single and multifold counting statistics (distribution of the number of events registered in a fixed counting time), the time statistics (forward recurrence time and interevent probability densities), and the power spectrum (noise properties). These statistics can provide substantial insight into the underlying physical mechanisms generating the process. An example of the applicability of the model is provided by cathodoluminescence (the phenomenon responsible for the television image) where a beam of electrons (the primary process) impinges on a phosphor, generating a shower of visible photons (the secondary process). Each electron produces a random number of photons whose emission times are determined by the (possibly random) lifetime of the phosphor, so that multiplication effects and time delay both come into play. We use our formulation to obtain the forward-recurrence-time probability density for cathodoluminescence in YVO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> :Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> , the excess cathodoluminescence noise in ZnS:Ag, and the counting distribution for radioiuminescence photons produced in a glass photomultiplier tube. Agreement with experimental data is very good in all cases. A variety of other applications and extensions of the model are considered.
Development of Low-Temperature Sintering Technique for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Combined with Dielectric Barrier Discharge Treatment (2012)

The manufacture of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) requires the sintering of TiO 2 paste at 450–550 °C. High-temperature sintering is disadvantageous because it prevents the use of the materials with poor resistance to high sintering temperatures (e.g., substrate and transparent electrode). In this study, we develop a new technique of reducing the sintering temperature to 250–300 °C using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment. The DBD treatment of a 250–300 °C-sintered sample has the effects of removing the organic binder in the TiO 2 paste, accelerating the necking of TiO 2 nanoparticles, and chemically modifying the TiO 2 surface. As a result, the energy conversion efficiency of low-temperature-sintered DSSC becomes approximately equivalent to 450–550 °C-sintered DSSCs. DBD treatment is also applied to a binder-free TiO 2 paste that was developed for the low-temperature sintering of plastic substrate DSSCs. The energy conversion efficiency of the binder-free paste DSSC sintered at 150 °C is improved by a factor of 1.4 using DBD treatment.
Generalized refraction using lenslet arrays (2009)

We have recently started to investigate 2D arrays of confocal lens pairs. Miniaturization of the lens pairs can make the array behave ray-optically like a homogeneous medium. Here we generalize the geometry of the lens pairs. These generalisations include a sideways shift of the lens centres and a change in the orientation of both lenses in each pair. We investigate the basic ray optics of the resulting arrays, and illustrate these with movies rendered using ray-tracing software. We suggest that confocal lenslet arrays could be used to realize ray-optically some recent metamaterials concepts such as the coordinate-transform design paradigm.
Improving Response to Critical Laboratory Results with Automation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial (1999)

An automatic alerting system reduced the time until an appropriate treatment was ordered for patients who had critical laboratory results. Information technologies that facilitate the transmission of important patient data can potentially improve the quality of care.
Look-Up Table Based Low Complexity LLR Calculation for High-Order Amplitude Phase Shift Keying Signals (2012)

A low complexity log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation for high-order amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) signals is proposed. Using proper constellation partitioning together with a look-up table, the number of terms for the comparison of Euclidean distances can be significantly reduced. Compared with the log-sum LLR approximation, the proposed method reduces the computational complexity by more than 65% and 75% for 16-APSK and 32-APSK signals, respectively, with very small bit error rate performance degradation.