gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compensation of Photoelastic Birefringence of Polymers by Anisotropic Molecules and Analysis of Compensation Mechanism (2005)

We report the anisotropic molecule dopant method for compensating the photoelastic birefringence of polymers. In this method, a rodlike molecule that has a polarizability anisotropy was chosen and doped in a polymer. We demonstrated this method by compensating the negative photoelastic birefringence of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) at a wavelength of 633 nm. trans -Stilbene and fluorene were selected as the anisotropic molecules. Homogeneous doping with the molecules almost eliminated the photoelastic birefringence of the polymers. We found that the photoelastic birefringence of poly(methyl methacrylate) was compensated by the elastic motion of trans -stilbene in the polymer as determined by the analysis of the infrared absorption spectrum. Furthermore, the orientation distribution function of trans -stilbene in a uniaxially strained PMMA film in a solid glass state was estimated by the investigation of infrared dichroic ratios.
Rapid and low-cost context-switch through embedded processor customization for real-time and control applications (2006)

In this paper, we present a methodology for low-cost and rapid context switch for multithreaded embedded processors with real-time guarantees. Context-switch, which involves saving and restoring the thread state, has constituted not only a large performance overhead for many multithreaded embedded systems, but also an obstacle creating a significant delay in the response time for many time-critical control applications. The proposed technique exploits application information extracted during compile time to make sure that only a minimal amount of thread state is saved and subsequently restored on preemption. The register liveness within the application inner loops is analyzed and a few points, referred to as switch points, are identified where the program has minimal number of live registers. At run-time the preemption point is deferred to a switch point and the Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) kernel invokes a switch point specific code generated by the compiler to save and restore the thread state in a custom fashion. Through the utilization of these novel mechanisms, a drastic improvement on both performance and response time is achieved. The presented experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique on a number of widely-used computational kernels and embedded applications.
Transistor broadcast receivers (1954)

Portable transistor broadcast receivers of good quality can now be built with present experimental transistors. It is anticipated that such receivers will appear on the market as soon as transistors and other miniaturized components are available at reasonable prices.
Predicting Purchase and Other Behaviors from General and Contextually Specific Intentions (1980)

Marketing research often finds weak correspondence between purchase intentions and subsequent behaviors. The author claims lack of contextually specific measures is partially responsible. Existent research supports this contention. The study reported empirically compares direct and conditional intentions as predictors of soft drink purchases. The conditional format is more predictive.
Methods for Plant Data-Based Process Modeling in Soft-Sensor Development (2011)

There has been an increased use of soft-sensors in process industry in recent years. These soft-sensors are computer programs that are used as a relatively cheap alternative to hardware sensors. Since process variables, which are concerned with final product quality, cannot always be measured by hardware sensors, designing the appropriate soft-sensor can be an interesting solution. Additionally, a soft-sensor can be used as a backup sensor, when the hardware sensor is in fault or removed due to maintenance or replacement. Soft-sensor is based on the mathematical model of the process. Since industrial processes are generally quite complex, a theoretical modeling approach is often impractical, expensive or sometimes even impossible. Therefore, process model building is based on measured data. This approach significantly gets complicated if only plant data, taken from the process database, are available. In this paper the most popular methods for plant data-based modeling that appeared in the last two decades are summarized and briefly explained. Apart from giving a short survey of the most important papers, tips about choosing the appropriate methodology for process model building are also provided.
Chemical Passivation of Silicon Nanowires with C<sub>1</sub>−C<sub>6</sub> Alkyl Chains through Covalent Si−C Bonds (2008)

We report on the functionalization of Si NWs with C1−C6 alkyl chains using a versatile two step chlorination/alkylation process. We show that Si NWs terminated with C1−C6 molecules, through Si−C bonds, connect alkyl molecules to 50−100% of the Si atop sites and provide surface stability that depends on the chain length and molecular coverage, according to the following order: C1−Si NW > C2−Si NW > (C3−C6)−Si NW. Our results indicate that the oxidation resistance of (C1−C2)−Si NWs is significantly higher than equivalent 2D Si(100) surfaces, whereas (C3−C6)−Si NWs are comparable to 2D (C3−C6)−Si(100). These discrepancies can be explained as follows: the lower the molecular coverage, the higher the probability for interaction between oxidizing agents (O2 or H2O) and molecule-free sites. Our results are of practical importance when reduced amounts of oxide are required, e.g., for radial epitaxy on NWs to realize vertical P−N junctions for solar cells or for radial Si/Ge superlattices for application in optoelectronics.
Strained Cycloalkynes as New Protein Sulfenic Acid Traps (2014)

Protein sulfenic acids are formed by the reaction of biologically relevant reactive oxygen species with protein thiols. Sulfenic acid formation modulates the function of enzymes and transcription factors either directly or through the subsequent formation of protein disulfide bonds. Identifying the site, timing, and conditions of protein sulfenic acid formation remains crucial to understanding cellular redox regulation. Current methods for trapping and analyzing sulfenic acids involve the use of dimedone and other nucleophilic 1,3-dicarbonyl probes that form covalent adducts with cysteine-derived protein sulfenic acids. As a mechanistic alternative, the present study describes highly strained bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) derivatives as concerted traps of sulfenic acids. These strained cycloalkynes react efficiently with sulfenic acids in proteins and small molecules yielding stable alkenyl sulfoxide products at rates more than 100× greater than 1,3-dicarbonyl reagents enabling kinetic competition with physiological sulfur chemistry. Similar to the 1,3-dicarbonyl reagents, the BCN compounds distinguish the sulfenic acid oxoform from the thiol, disulfide, sulfinic acid, and S-nitrosated forms of cysteine while displaying an acceptable cell toxicity profile. The enhanced rates demonstrated by these strained alkynes identify them as new bioorthogonal probes that should facilitate the discovery of previously unknown sulfenic acid sites and their parent proteins.
Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration (2011)

1. Seeding is an important management tool in aridland restoration, but seeded species often fail to establish. Previous research has largely focused on the technical aspects of seeding with little effort directed at identifying demographic processes driving recruitment failures. 2. In tilled plots, in each of 3 years, we estimated life stage transition probabilities for three species commonly used in sage steppe restoration. We also took similar measurements on seed sown by managers following four major fires. 3. Point estimates and associated Bayesian confidence intervals demonstrated germination probabilities that were consistently high, averaging 0·72. However, estimates suggest only 17 and 7% of the germinated seeds emerged in the tilled plots and fire sites, respectively. Following emergence, survival across the seedling, juvenile and adult transitions averaged 0·72. This suggests the transition from a germinated seed to an emerged seedling was the major bottleneck in recruitment. Although most individuals died during emergence, this was not always the principal source of variation in recruitment across sites. 4. Synthesis and applications. Processes occurring after emergence, such as mortality during spring and summer drought, may contribute to site-to-site variation in recruitment but are unlikely to be the main causes of restoration failures. Instead, recruitment may largely be determined by processes occurring during emergence, such as freezing and thawing of the seedbed, development of physical soil crusts and pathogen attack on germinated seeds. Using tools such as seed coatings and soil amendments to manage processes inhibiting emergence and developing seed mixes with higher emergence probabilities are likely to greatly improve restoration outcomes in the sage steppe and similar aridland systems.
The Critical Role of the Implant Treatment Coordinator (2006)

Acting as a liaison, the ITC helps both the surgical and restorative practices provide optimal patient care, as well as eliminate miscommunication and bottlenecks. An ITC promotes increased implant production by allowing the surgeon to spend more time performing surgery and less time dealing with administrative work.
MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR Analysis of Tannin–Furanic–Polyurethane Foams Adapted for Industrial Continuous Lines Application (2014)

Mixed phenolic-polyurethane-type rigid foams were developed using tannin-furfuryl alcohol natural materials co-reacted with polymeric isocyanate in the proportions imposed by the limitations inherent to continuous industrial plants for polyurethane foams. A variety of different copolymerization oligomers formed. Urethanes appeared to have been formed with two flavonoid tannin sites, mainly at the flavonoid hydroxyl group at C3, but also, although less, on the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the flavonoid oligomers. Urethanes are also formed with (i) glyoxal in the formulation, be it pre-reacted or not with the tannin; (ii) with phenolsulfonic acid and (iii) with furfural. This latter one, however, greatly favors reaction with the A-ring of the flavonoids through a methylene bridge rather than reaction with the isocyanate groups to form urethanes. All of the materials appeared to have co-reacted in a manner to form urethane and methylene bridges between all of the main components used. Thus, the tannin, the furfuryl alcohol, the isocyanate, the glyoxal and even the phenol sulfonic acid hardener formed a number of mixed species linked by the two bridge types. Several mixed species comprised of 2, 3 and even 4 co-reacted different components have been observed.
BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapes (2018)

Human shape estimation is an important task for video editing, animation and fashion industry. Predicting 3D human body shape from natural images, however, is highly challenging due to factors such as variation in human bodies, clothing and viewpoint. Prior methods addressing this problem typically attempt to fit parametric body models with certain priors on pose and shape. In this work we argue for an alternative representation and propose BodyNet, a neural network for direct inference of volumetric body shape from a single image. BodyNet is an end-to-end trainable network that benefits from (i) a volumetric 3D loss, (ii) a multi-view re-projection loss, and (iii) intermediate supervision of 2D pose, 2D body part segmentation, and 3D pose. Each of them results in performance improvement as demonstrated by our experiments. To evaluate the method, we fit the SMPL model to our network output and show state-of-the-art results on the SURREAL and Unite the People datasets, outperforming recent approaches. Besides achieving state-of-the-art performance, our method also enables volumetric body-part segmentation.
Gelification: An Effective Measure for Achieving Differently Sized Biocompatible Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystals through a Single Preparation Recipe (2011)

Biocompatible Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals were synthesized through the pyrolysis of ferric acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)(3)) in diphenyl oxide, in the presence of α,ω-dicarboxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (HOOC-PEG-COOH) and oleylamine. Unusual gelification phenomena were observed from the aliquots extracted at different reaction stages after they were cooled to room temperature. By reaction time, the average size of the Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals was tuned from 5.8 to 11.7 nm with an equilibrium size around 11.3 nm. By increasing the gelification degree of the stock solution, the equilibrium size of the Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals was further increased from 11.3 to 18.9 nm. The underlying gel formation mechanism was investigated by using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that the complexation between HOOC-PEG-COOH and Fe(acac)(3), with the help of oleylamine, results in large molecular networks, which are responsible for the gelification of the stock solution, while the interaction between the fragment of the molecular network and Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystal is responsible for the second gelification process observed during the early stage of reflux. To further investigate the particle growth behavior, small molecules released during the preparation were collected and analyzed by using photoelectron spectroscopy/photoionization mass spectroscopy (PES/PIMS). It was demonstrated that the pyrolysis of the Fe precursor is strongly correlated with the particle growth process. Further numerical simulations reveal that the first gelification process induced by the complexation between HOOC-PEG-COOH and Fe(acac)(3) largely alters the pyrolysis behavior of the Fe precursor; consequently, the equilibrium size of the resultant Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals can effectively be tuned by the gelification degree of the stock solution.
Green tea polyphenol EGCG induces lipid-raft clustering and apoptotic cell death by activating protein kinase Cδ and acid sphingomyelinase through a 67 kDa laminin receptor in multiple myeloma cells (2012)

EGCG [(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate], the major polyphenol of green tea, has cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. EGCG selectively inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells without adversely affecting normal cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanism in vivo is unclear. In the present study, we show that EGCG-induced apoptotic activity is attributed to a lipid-raft clustering mediated through 67LR (67 kDa laminin receptor) that is significantly elevated in MM (multiple myeloma) cells relative to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and that aSMase (acid sphingomyelinase) is critical for the lipid-raft clustering and the apoptotic cell death induced by EGCG. We also found that EGCG induces aSMase translocation to the plasma membrane and PKCδ (protein kinase Cδ) phosphorylation at Ser664, which was necessary for aSMase/ceramide signalling via 67LR. Additionally, orally administered EGCG activated PKCδ and aSMase in a murine MM xenograft model. These results elucidate a novel cell-death pathway triggered by EGCG for the specific killing of MM cells.
Degradation and drug delivery properties of poly(1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride) (2001)

Polyanhydrides for drug-controlled release systems from cis- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (1,4-CHDA) were synthesized by melt polycondensation. The degradation of polymers was estimated by weight loss in 0.1 mol l(-1), pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C. The drug delivery was conducted in the same buffer. The results show that the different polymers lost weight over 150-360 h, and fine surface erosion was investigated. The different conformation of CHDA has an obvious influence on the degradation of polyanhydrides due to their different crystallinity, with higher crystallinity samples degrading much more slowly. The incorporation of adipic acids into the poly(CHDA) can obviously accelerate the degradation and the introduction of -CH2- segments increased the flexibility of polyanhydride backbone and accelerated the degradation rate. In vitro delivery experiments show that Bruffen was completely released in about 10 days from a melting mold disk with a fine linear delivery curve.
New Insights into M(II)−Hydroxamate Interactions: The Electro-Analytical Behavior of Metal(II) Complexes Involving Monohydroxamic Acids and Diamines in an Aqueous Medium (2008)

The binary and ternary systems of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Mg(II), and Ca(II) metal ions with the hydroxamic acids, acetohydroxamic acid (Aha), benzohydroxamic acid (Bha), and salicylhydroxamic acid (Sham), and diamines, ethylenediamine (en), 1,3-diaminopropane (dapr), and o-phenylenediamine (o-pda), were investigated potentiometrically at 25 °C and I = 0.10 mol·dm−3 (NaNO3) in aqueous solution. The acid−base properties of the ligands were investigated. The potentiometric titration curves show that the ternary complexes are formed in a stepwise manner. The stability constants of the binary and ternary complexes were calculated on the basis of computer analysis of titration data. The order of stability of the binary and ternary complexes in terms of the nature of hydroxamic acids, diamines, and metal ions was investigated and discussed. The relative stability of ternary complex species is expressed in terms of Δlog K and % R.S. parameters. The distribution of binary and ternary complexes in solution was evaluated. Evaluation of the effect of temperature of the medium on both the ionization process of the ligands and complex formation for the M(II)−en−Sham (M(II) = Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II)) ternary systems has been studied along with the corresponding thermodynamic parameters. The complexation behavior of ternary complexes is ascertained using conductivity measurements. In addition, confirmation of the formation of ternary complexes in solution has been performed using cyclic voltammetry measurements.
Importance of endogenous IFN-gamma for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis in mice. (1989)

The importance of endogenous IFN-gamma for prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis was studied in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii by using a mAb to this lymphokine. Control mice chronically infected with the ME49 strain that received saline or normal IgG had slight inflammation in their brains whereas those that received the mAb developed severe encephalitis. In contrast to control mice, the mAb-treated mice had many areas of acute focal inflammation and infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory cells in the meninges and parenchyma of their brains. In the areas of acute focal inflammation, tachyzoites and Toxoplasma Ag were demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining with the use of rabbit anti-Toxoplasma antibody, suggesting that the focal inflammation was induced by Toxoplasma organisms. Acute inflammation was also observed around cysts of Toxoplasma. Immunohistologic staining revealed tachyzoites and Toxoplasma Ag surrounding the periphery of these cysts suggesting cyst disruption had occurred. Mice treated with mAb against IFN-gamma had five times the numbers of cysts in their brains as did control mice. These results clearly indicate that endogenous IFN-gamma plays a significant and important role in prevention of encephalitis in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma. The mAb-treated mice had the same Toxoplasma antibody titers and the same degree of macrophage killing of Toxoplasma as did untreated controls. These results suggest that IFN-gamma may have a direct role in preventing cyst rupture and toxoplasmic encephalitis.
Oncogenic role of the Notch pathway in primary liver cancer (Review) (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4609.].
A novel class of peptide pheromone precursors in ascomycetous fungi (2010)

Recently, sexual development in the heterothallic ascomycete Trichoderma reesei (anamorph of Hypocrea jecorina) has been achieved and thus initiated attempts to elucidate regulation and determinants of this process. While the α-type pheromone of this fungus fits the consensus known from other fungi, the assumed a-type peptide pheromone precursor shows remarkably unusual characteristics: it comprises three copies of the motif (LI)GC(TS)VM thus constituting a CAAX domain at the C-terminus and two Kex2-protease sites. This structure shares characteristics of both a- and α-type peptide pheromone precursors. Presence of hybrid-type peptide pheromone precursor 1 (hpp1) is essential for male fertility, thus indicating its functionality as a peptide pheromone precursor, while its phosphorylation site is not relevant for this process. However, sexual development in a female fertile background is not perturbed in the absence of hpp1, which rules out a higher order function in this process. Open reading frames encoding proteins with similar characteristics to HPP1 were also found in Fusarium spp., of which Fusarium solani still retains a putative a-factor-like protein, but so far in no other fungal genome available. We therefore propose the novel class of h-type (hybrid) peptide pheromone precursors with H. jecorina HPP1 as the first member of this class.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data analysis : concepts and applications (2002)

1. The Meaning of Modelling 2. Parameter Estimation 3. Pharmacokinetic Concepts 4. Pharmacodynamic Concepts 5. Modelling Stratagies 6. Pharmacokinetic Models 7. Pharmacodynamic Models
Segmental Myocardial Strain of the Left Ventricle in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2008)

Background. Myocardial fibrosis occurs in the subepicardial myocardium of the left ventricular posterior wall in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The aim of this study was to clarify how these regional myocardial lesions might influence the focal cardiac movement using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and to investigate whether this new method is useful for the early detection of cardiac involvement in DMD patients.Methods and Results. Twelve DMD patients with a normal fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle and twelve healthy age-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study. The segmental radial strain of the left ventricle was recorded using the two-dimensional tissue tracking echocardiography, and the systolic maximal strain was measured. Thereafter, the peak systolic maximal strain was separately measured in the inner-half and outer-half of the left ventricular posterior wall. In DMD patients, the systolic maximal radial strain of the septum, posterior, and inferior walls were significantly lower than those in normal subjects. In particular, the systolic maximal radial strain of the posterior wall in the DMD patients was the most significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Six of the DMD patients had postsystolic shortening in the inner-half, and four of the DMD patients had systolic thinning in the outer-half of the posterior wall.Conclusions. Even if the FS is normal, the left ventricular posterior wall of DMD patients often showed an abnormal strain pattern. A segmental myocardial strain analysis might be useful for the early detection of cardiac involvement in DMD patients.
Pelvic abscesses: transvaginal US-guided drainage with the trocar method. (1996)

The effectiveness of the trocar technique of catheter placement for transvaginal sonographically guided drainage of pelvic abscess was assessed in seven women who presented with pelvic pain, fever, and presumed pelvic abscess. Endovaginal ultrasound was performed to document fluid collection before drainage. All procedures were performed in less than 1 hour, without complications. Catheters were left in place for 1-3 days. Catheter placement was curative in six of seven patients (86%).