gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization of the murE-murG region of Escherichia coli: identification of the murD gene encoding the D-glutamic-acid-adding enzyme (1989)

The 2-min region of the Escherichia coli genome contains a large cluster of genes from pbpB to envA that code for proteins involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and cell division. From pLC26-6 of the collection of Clarke and Carbon (L. Clarke and J. Carbon, Cell 9:91-99, 1976) plasmids carrying different fragments from the 8-kilobase-pair region downstream of pbpB were constructed and analyzed for their ability to direct protein synthesis in maxicells, to complement various thermosensitive mutations, and to overproduce enzymatic activities. We report the localization of the previously unidentified murD gene coding for the D-glutamic acid-adding enzyme within this region. Our data show that the genes are in the order pbpB-murE-murF-X-murD-Y-murG, where X and Y represent chromosomal fragments from 1 to 1.5 kilobase pairs, possibly coding for unknown proteins. Furthermore, the murE and murF genes, encoding the meso-diaminopimelic acid and D-alanyl-D-alanine-adding enzymes, respectively, may be translationally coupled when transcription is initiated upstream of murE, within the preceding structural gene pbpB coding for penicillin-binding protein 3.
High work function metal oxides for the hole contact of silicon solar Cells (2016)

The applicability of molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium oxide as a hole contact for silicon wafer based solar cells is explored. The Si heterojunctions for which these materials are in direct contact with the c-Si absorber, featuring an additional a-Si:H passivation layer or where these materials are used as an additional contact layer in-between the TCO / a-Si:H(p) Schottky contact are addressed. Compared to the standard TCO / a-Si:H(p) / a-Si:H(i) / c-Si heterojunction an efficiency (1 % <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> ) and fill factor gain (1.5 % <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> ) is obtained if a-Si:H(p) is replaced by molybdenum and if tungsten oxide is applied as an additional contact layer at the TCO / a-Si:H(p) contact. For the simple structure without intrinsic and doped a-Si:H and tungsten or vanadium oxide in direct contact to the c-Si absorber, efficiencies comparable to the reference were obtained.
Current Strategies and Challenges for Purification of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2017)

Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are considered a most promising option for cell-based cardiac repair. Hence, various protocols have been developed for differentiating hPSCs into CMs. Despite remarkable improvement in the generation of hPSC-CMs, without purification, these protocols can only generate mixed cell populations including undifferentiated hPSCs or non-CMs, which may elicit adverse outcomes. Therefore, one of the major challenges for clinical use of hPSC-CMs is the development of efficient isolation techniques that allow enrichment of hPSC-CMs. In this review, we will discuss diverse strategies that have been developed to enrich hPSC-CMs. We will describe major characteristics of individual hPSC-CM purification methods including their scientific principles, advantages, limitations, and needed improvements. Development of a comprehensive system which can enrich hPSC-CMs will be ultimately useful for cell therapy for diseased hearts, human cardiac disease modeling, cardiac toxicity screening, and cardiac tissue engineering.
Molecular Etiology of Low-Penetrance Retinoblastoma in Two Pedigrees (1994)

In one family with low-penetrance retinoblastoma, a germ-line deletion is shared by affected and unaffected, obligate carriers. The deletion encompasses exon 4 of the retinoblastoma gene and corresponds to a mutant protein without residues 127-166. In a second family, RFLP analysis shows that two distant relatives have independently derived mutations. These families, together with others reported elsewhere, indicate that attributes of alleles at the retinoblastoma locus specify penetrance.
Tailoring ATPG for embedded testing (2002)

An automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) method is presented for a scan-based test architecture which minimizes ATE storage requirements and reduces the bandwidth between the automatic test equipment (ATE) and the chip under test. To generate tailored deterministic test patterns, a standard ATPG tool performing dynamic compaction and allowing constraints on circuit inputs is used. The combination of an appropriate test architecture and the tailored test patterns reduces the test data volume up to two orders of magnitude compared with standard compacted test sets.
New high density multistandard RF-concept for VCR (1992)

A high density multistandard RF concept for a video cassette recorder is described. The concept is based on a power splitter, an antenna switch, a modulator, and a tuner. In this approach the tuner and the modulator are phase-locked-loop (PLL) controlled and the modulator frequency is moved up to the high end of the UHF band. Measurement results showing the potential of this unit are compared with present design concepts. The unit covers all existing frequency bands worldwide, and positive/negative modulation for SECAM, PAL, and NTSC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heat transport by long mean free path vibrations in amorphous silicon nitride near room temperature (2013)

We present measurements of thermal transport in 500-nm-thick, 35-$\ensuremath{\mu}$m-wide, and 806-$\ensuremath{\mu}$m-long micromachined suspended silicon nitride (Si-N) bridges over the temperature range of 77 to 325 K. The measured thermal conductivity of Si-N (for material grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition in two different furnaces) deviates somewhat from previously reported measurements and also shows surprising dependence on surface variation at these relatively high temperatures. Addition of discontinuous gold films causes the thermal conductance of Si-N bridges to drop through the entire measured temperature range, before rising again when thicker, continuous films are added. Similar effects occur when continuous but very low-thermal-conductivity alumina films are deposited. The reduction in thermal conductance upon modification of the Si-N surface is strong evidence that vibrational excitations with long mean free paths carry significant heat even at these high temperatures. By measuring a series of film thicknesses the surface-scattering effects can be mitigated, and the resulting experimental values of the thermal conductivity of alumina and Au thin films compare very well to known values or to predictions of the Wiedemann-Franz law. We also present a modified model for the phonon mean free path in thin-film geometries, and use it along with atomic force microsope scans to show that a very small population of phonons with mean free path on the order of 1 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m and wavelength much longer than the expected thermal wavelengths carry up to $50%$ of the heat in Si-N at room temperature.
A semi-automatic orthopedic implant management tool for Computer Assisted planning, navigation and simulation: from XML implant database to unified implant access interface (2005)

Nowadays, Computer Assisted Orthopedic planning and navigation systems have been recognized as an important tool that helps surgeons. Various systems have been developed so far, but most of them use non-standard formalisms and techniques. As a result there are no standard concepts for implant and tool management or data formats to store information for use in 3D planning and navigation systems. We addressed these limitations and developed a practical and generic solution which brings benefits for surgeons, implant manufacturers and CAS application developers. We developed a virtual implant database containing geometrical as well as calibration information for orthopedic implants and instruments with a focus on Trauma. This database has been successfully tested with various applications in client/server mode. Nevertheless, the implant information is not static because periodically manufacturers revise implants, resulting in the removal of some implants and addition of new ones. To ease the implant management in respect to implant life cycle, we developed an implant management tool which helps end-users to manage their implants. Currently, this tool allows the addition of new implants, modification of existing ones, deletion of obsolete implants, export of a given implant and also creation of backups. Our implant management system has been successfully tested in the laboratory and gave very promising results. It makes it possible to fill the current existing gap between CAS system, implant manufacturers, hospitals and surgeons.
Value segmentation: a model for the measurement of values and values systems (1991)

Journal Article Value Segmentation: A Model for the Measurement of Values and Value Systems Get access Wagner A. Kamakura, Wagner A. Kamakura Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar José Afonso Mazzon José Afonso Mazzon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 18, Issue 2, September 1991, Pages 208–218, https://doi.org/10.1086/209253 Published: 01 September 1991 Article history Received: 01 July 1990 Revision received: 01 October 1990 Published: 01 September 1991
Diagnosis of multiple arbitrary faults with mask and reinforcement effect (2010)

We propose a multiple-fault diagnosis method with high diagnosability, resolution, first-hit and short run time. The method has no assumption on fault models, thus can diagnose arbitrary faults. To cope with the multiple-fault mask and reinforcement effect, two key techniques of construction and scoring of fault-tuple equivalence trees are introduced to choose and rank the final candidate locations. Experimental results show that, when the circuits have 2 arbitrary faults, the average diagnosability and resolution are 98% and 0.95, respectively, with the best case 100% and 1.00. Moreover, in average, even when 21 arbitrary faults exist, our method can still identify 93% of them with the resolution 0.78, increased by 41% and 39% in comparison with the latest work where the diagnosability and resolution are 66% and 0.56. Finally, 96% of our top-ranked candidate locations are actual fault locations.
Stability and Reconfiguration Analysis of a Circularly Spinning 2-Craft Coulomb Tether (2007)

The concept of a spinning 2-craft Coulomb tether is introduced. Here a physical tether is replaced with an electrostatic force field resulting in an attractive Coulomb force between the 2-craft. The spacecraft charge is assumed to be regulated with an active charge servo system. The open-loop stability of a Coulomb tether with constant spacecraft charges is investigated. The reduced equations of motion for a deep space mission are obtained and linearized to determine eigenvalues of the perturbed motion. This analysis shows that if the plasma Debye length is smaller than the spacecraft separation distance the radial motion is guaranteed to be unstable. For larger Debye lengths the nonlinear radial motion is locally stable. The perturbed out-of-plane motion is shown to always be stable regardless of Debye length. Further, open-loop charge solutions are obtained to perform reconfiguration where the circular orbit radius is changed to a new value. This maneuver is related to the classical Hohmann transfer orbit between circular orbits. However, in the Coulomb tether concept the reconfiguration is achieved by varying the effective gravitational parameter through spacecraft charge changes.
Interfacial Processing Via CVD for Nicalon Based Ceramic Matrix Composites (2008)

The design of a coating interface for high temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) is vital to achieving the high level of operating requirements for CMCs in aerospace applications. Increasing toughness and oxidative resistance, especially for SiC based fiber reinforced composites, require a coating system with strict control over thickness and processing conditions to prevent damage during deposition and promote creep resistance. A boron nitride coating was deposited on NicalonTM fabric using a Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LP-CVD) reactor. Following previous investigations, an environmental protective layer consisting of Si3N4 was also deposited. SiC/SiC single tow unidirectional mini-composites manufactured by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI), with and without the coating system, were processed. Correlations between thickness and tensile strengths of both the fiber and mini-composites are presented. Variations in BN and Si3N4 coating thicknesses represent a strong influence on overall tensile strengths of the processed fiber and mini-composites. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Scanning Auger Spectroscopy were used in characterizing the interfacial composition and morphology. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis was used to determine if a thin layer of SiaN4 could decrease the moisture problems that turbostratic BN exhibits. The overall coating process on Nicalon fiber did not significantly decrease the preprocessed fiber tensile strengths while successfully promoting high temperature usability in typical environments met by CMC components in aerospace applications.
Benzenesulfonylcarbonitrile oxide. 4. Substitution reactions of 3-phenylsulfonylisoxazolines (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzenesulfonylcarbonitrile oxide. 4. Substitution reactions of 3-phenylsulfonylisoxazolinesP. A. Wade, H. K. Yen, S. A. Hardinger, M. K. Pillay, N. V. Amin, P. D. Vail, and S. D. MorrowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 11, 1796–1800Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00159a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00159a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reflections on the Concept of Imperial Biographies (2014)

This paper reflects on the use of biographies of mobile individuals as an approach to writing imperial history. It draws on works covering the British Empire published in the last decade or so, including the case study of Sir John Pope Hennessy (1834 -1891), a colonial governor in Asia, Africa and the Americas. The paper considers two assumptions for such work: the conceptualisation of the British Empire as a network and the use of mobile biographies as away of putting this model into practice. The latter part of the paper reviews recent research on imperial biographies. The overall aim is to bring greater clarity to the study of imperial biographies and to suggest future directions for such work.
Synthetic Transcription Factors and their Effects on DNA Methylation (2013)

<p>Recent advances in synthetic transcription factor design have given scientists new tools for probing genome biology and treating human disease. However, the effects of these designer proteins on the cellular physiology have not been fully characterized. Here we describe the effects of synthetic activators on the DNA methylation status of targeted promoters. Through clonal bisulfite analysis we found that these activators induce a statistically significant decrease in DNA methylation in the targeted region. This study uncovers an important epigenetic modification that synthetic transctiptional activators can induce.</p>
High range resolution directional borehole radar for 3-D fracture delineation (2009)

Directional borehole radar was developed for detection of three-dimensional (3-D) target localization in single-hole radar measurement. Phase differences among four dipole elements of receiving circular array uniquely determine an azimuth direction of a reflected wave. Receiving voltages of dipole elements are measured by optical electric field sensors whose high electrical isolation feature enables data acquisition of highly correlated signal between the channels. Besides, a switching unit to control resonant frequency of dipole elements was newly developed to reduce mutual coupling between the dipole elements. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that approximately 30% frequency bandwidth enlargement is achieved by the switching operation without been affected by the mutual coupling in air. The directional borehole radar system was tested in a field test site in Kamaishi-Mine in Japan. All the boreholes available in this test site is filled with water and past borehole radar surveys conducted in this test site revealed presence of complex fracture system. Cross-hole and single-hole borehole radar measurement were conducted to clarify the performance of the resonant switching control and also to detect 3-D geometrical structure of fractures in this test site. 3-D analysis of data acquired by the directional borehole radar in a single-hole measurement clarified azimuth orientation fractures up to a range distance of 15 m with a range resolution less than 1 m. High reliability of the result was inferred from the fact that individual fracture pattern in a reflection profile showed a consistent color along the depth and also high repeatability of the result was obtained by repeating measurements.
A new small molecule inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (2015)

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a haem containing enzyme that regulates cardiovascular homeostasis and multiple mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous system. Commonly used inhibitors of sGC activity act through oxidation of the haem moiety, however they also bind haemoglobin and this limits their bioavailability for in vivo studies. We have discovered a new class of small molecule inhibitors of sGC and have characterised a compound designated D12 (compound 10) which binds to the catalytic domain of the enzyme with a KD of 11 μM in a SPR assay.
A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Trial of Cladribine in Relpaasing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (1999)

We conducted an 18-month, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate cladribine in the treatment of 52 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Patients received either placebo or cladribine 0.07 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous injection for 5 consecutive days as six monthly courses for a total cumulative dose of 2.1 mg/kg. Analysis of results revealed a statistically significant favorable effect of cladribine on the joint frequency and severity of relapses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. MRI-enhancing lesions were completely suppressed in the cladribine patients by the sixth month of treatment. Mild segmental herpes zoster occurred in two cladribine-treated patients and one patient receiving placebo. Otherwise, there were no side effects or adverse events. We conclude that cladribine shows promise as a treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Versican in inflammation and tissue remodeling: The impact on lung disorders (2014)

Versican is a proteoglycan that has many different roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. The biochemical structure comprises four different types of the core protein with attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that can be sulfated to various extents and has the capacity to regulate differentiation of different cell types, migration, cell adhesion, proliferation, tissue stabilization and inflammation. Versican's regulatory properties are of importance during both homeostasis and changes that lead to disease progression. The GAGs that are attached to the core protein are of the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate type and are known to be important in inflammation through interactions with cytokines and growth factors. For a more complex understanding of versican, it is of importance to study the tissue niche, where the wound healing process in both healthy and diseased conditions take place. In previous studies, our group has identified changes in the amount of the multifaceted versican in chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which could be a result of pathologic, transforming growth factor β driven, on-going remodeling processes. Reversely, the context of versican in its niche is of great importance since versican has been reported to have a beneficial role in other contexts, e.g. emphysema. Here we explore the vast mechanisms of versican in healthy lung and in lung disorders.
Optical alignment using the Point Source Microscope (2005)

We give an example of a Point Source Microscope (PSM) and describe its uses as an aid in the alignment of optical systems including the referencing of optical to mechanical datums. The PSM is a small package (about 100x150x30 mm), including a point source of light, beam splitter, microscope objective and digital CCD camera to detect the reflected light spot. A software package in conjunction with a computer video display locates the return image in three degrees of freedom relative to an electronic spatial reference point. The PSM also includes a Koehler illumination source so it may be used as a portable microscope for ordinary imaging and the microscope can be zoomed under computer control. For added convenience, the laser diode point source can be made quite bright to facilitate initial alignment under typical laboratory lighting conditions. The PSM is particularly useful in aligning optical systems that do not have circular symmetry or are distributed in space such as off-axis systems. The PSM is also useful for referencing the centers of curvatures of optical surfaces to mechanical datums of the structure in which the optics are mounted. By removing the microscope objective the PSM can be used as an electronic autocollimator because of the infinite conjugate optical design.