gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of surgical menopause and estrogen replacement on cytokine release from human blood mononuclear cells. (1991)

To determine whether mononuclear cell secretory products contribute to the changes in bone turnover that characterize the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis, we evaluated the effects of oophorectomy and subsequent estrogen replacement on the spontaneous secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and on the phytohemagglutinin A-induced secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In 15 healthy premenopausal women who underwent oophorectomy, increases in GM-CSF activity were observed as early as 1 week after surgery, whereas elevations in IL-1 and TNF-alpha and in hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios, two urinary indices of bone resorption, were detectable 2 weeks after the surgical procedure. Six of the oophorectomized women received no estrogen therapy after surgery and in these subjects hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios plateaued 6 weeks postoperatively, and all three cytokines reached the highest levels 8 weeks after oophorectomy, when the study ended. In the remaining 9 women, who were started on estrogen replacement therapy 4 weeks after oophorectomy, decreases in the indices of bone resorption paralleled decreases in the secretion of the cytokines, with lower levels detected after 2 weeks of therapy. In the women who did not receive estrogen therapy, circulating osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, increased beyond preoperative levels 8 weeks after oophorectomy, whereas in the estrogen-treated subjects osteocalcin remained unchanged in the entire study period. In 9 female controls who underwent simple hysterectomy, cytokine release and biochemical indices of bone turnover did not change after surgery. These data indicate that changes in estrogen status in vivo are associated with the secretion of mononuclear cell immune factors in vitro and suggest that alterations in the local production of bone-acting cytokines may underlie changes in bone turnover caused by surgically induced menopause and estrogen replacement.
Histamine Synthesis in Man: Inhibition by 4-Bromo- 3-Hydroxybenzyloxyamine (1966)

Oral administration of 4-bromo-3-hydroxybenzyloxyamine to normal humans resulted in decreased urinary excretion of histamine; the normal increase in urinary levels of histamine after oral histidine loading was prevented. In two patients having systemic mastocytosis, additional evidence of inhibition of biosynthesis of histamine included marked reduction in symptoms attributed to histamine, and prevention of symptomatic exacerbation associated with histidine loading.
Rise of circulating thrombopoietin following cardiothoracic surgery is potentiated in patients with coronary atherosclerosis: correlation with a preceding increase in levels of interleukin-6 (2003)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the major regulator of platelet production. Plasma levels of TPO are thought to be regulated by its binding to platelets and megakaryocytes. Here we have used a model of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) to test the possibility that changes in TPO levels are influenced by the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and by changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6). After surgery patients with CAD (n = 22) or with normal coronary arteries (n = 11) showed a significant thrombocytopaenia followed by a reactive thrombocytosis. The platelet recovery was preceded by a significant rise in TPO (from 62.6 +/- 9.4 pg/ml at baseline to 129.2 +/- 19 pg/ml at 60 h, P <0.001), which in turn was preceded by, and was positively correlated with, a marked increase in circulating IL-6 (from 1.5 +/- 0.3 pg/ml at baseline to 269.3 +/- 30.6 pg/ml at 3-12 h, P <0.001). The rise of both IL-6 and TPO was significantly larger in patients with CAD. No correlation was found between the post-operative drop in platelet mass and changes in either the TPO or IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that in man circulating TPO levels, besides being controlled by changes in platelet mass, are influenced by inflammatory processes, including the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.
Microbial Cytotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Implications for River Water and Wastewater Effluent (2009)

This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of four carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs)--single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), aqueous phase C60 nanoparticles (aq-nC60), and colloidal graphite--in gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The potential impacts of CBNs on microorganisms in natural and engineered aquatic systems are also evaluated. SWNTs inactivate the highest percentage of cells in monocultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermis, as well as in the diverse microbial communities of river water and wastewater effluent. Bacterial cytotoxicity displays time dependence, with longer exposure times accentuating toxicity in monocultures with initial tolerance for SWNTs. In Bacillus subtilis, an additional 3.5 h of incubation produced a five fold increase in toxicity. Elevated concentration of NOM reduces the attachment of bacteria on SWNT aggregates by 50%, but does not mitigate toxicity toward attached cells. CBN toxicity in bacterial monocultures was a poor predictor of microbial inactivation in chemically and biologically complex environmental samples.
Supramolecular engineering polyesters: endgroup functionalization of glycol modified PET with ureidopyrimidinone (2016)

We report the first supramolecular engineering polymer with melt viscosity suitable for non-degradative processing plus enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.
Robust LMI-based control of wind turbines with parametric uncertainties (2009)

This paper considers the design of robust LMI-based controllers for a wind turbine along its entire nominal operating trajectory. The proposed robust controller design takes into account parametric uncertainties in the model using a structured uncertainty description, which makes the controllers less conservative than controllers designed using unstructured uncertainty descriptions. The LMI-based approach enables additional constraints to be included in the design, which is exploited to include requirements for minimizing fatigue loads and actuator usage. Two different methods are adopted, of which the first method assumes full state information and therefore requires a separate observer. In contrast, the second method relies only on output feedback, but introduces complications in the design procedure in order to achieve feasibility in the solution of the control law. Simulation results are obtained that show improved performance of the robust controllers in a comparison with a controller designed based on classical methods.
Differential Sensitivity to Cardiotonic Drugs of Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterases Isolated from Canine Ventricular and Sinoatrial-Enriched Tissues (1989)

A cardiac phosphodiesterase (PDE) which specifically hydrolyzes cAMP and is inhibited by cyclic GMP has been suggested to be the site of action of new cardiotonic drugs. To investigate the effect of inhibitors, canine cyclic nucleotide PDEs were isolated from left ventricle and from sinoatrial node-enriched tissue, using identical techniques. Four PDE forms could be chromatographically resolved from each tissue, including a peak I PDE (calmodulin-activated phosphodiesterase, CaM-PDE), a peak II PDE (cyclic GMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase, CGS-PDE) and a peak III PDE (specific for cyclic AMP). The latter was further fractionated into two forms: One was inhibited by cyclic GMP and by the platelet antiaggregant AAL 05 (CGI-PDE), and the second was insensitive to cyclic GMP and was inhibited by rolipram (ROI-PDE). Reference PDE inhibitors, isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and papaverine, nonselectively inhibited the four forms isolated from the two tissues. Cardiotonic drugs (CI 930, LY 181512, piroximone, enoximone, and SK&F 94120) selectively inhibited CGI-PDE from ventricular tissue but were poorly active on both CGI-PDE and ROI-PDE from the sinoatrial-enriched fraction. In contrast, milrinone inhibited CGI-PDEs and ROI-PDEs from both ventricular and sinoatrial tissues. These results are in good agreement with pharmacologic data in the literature on the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of the studied drugs in the dog. They provide a possible basis for the dissociation of these two properties of PDE inhibitors.
Increased C5a receptor expression in sepsis (2002)

Excessive production of the complement activation product C5a appears to be harmful during the development of sepsis in rodents.Little is known about the role of the C5a receptor (C5aR) and its presence in different organs during sepsis.Using the cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) model in mice, we show here that C5aR immunoreactivity was strikingly increased in lung, liver, kidney, and heart early in sepsis in both control and neutrophil-depleted mice.C5aR mRNA expression in these organs was also significantly increased during sepsis.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed patterns of increased C5aR expression in parenchymal cells in all four organs following CLP.Mice injected at the start of CLP with a blocking IgG to C5aR (C5aR) showed dramatically improved survival when compared with animals receiving nonspecific IgG, as did mice injected with C5a.In C5aR-treated mice, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF- and bacterial counts in various organs were significantly reduced during CLP when compared with control CLP animals.These studies demonstrate for the first time that C5aR is upregulated in lung, liver, kidney, and heart during the early phases of sepsis and that blockade of C5aR is highly protective from the lethal outcome of sepsis.
An oversampled sigma-delta A/D converter using time division multiplexed integrator (2002)

A small-scale sigma-delta modulator for a sigma-delta A/D converter is presented. The proposed modulator employs a double-integration switched-capacitor architecture. The circuit configuration has low sensitivity to the process deviation of analog components. The scale of the circuit is so small because of its use of a time division multiplexed integrator, By means of simulation, the proposed modulator achieves 71.6 dB signal-to-noise ratio and 76.4 dB dynamic range at a sampling rate of 3 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors influencing the profitability of precision farming systems (2000)

ABSTRACT: The emerging site-specific management (SSM) technologies will allow farmers to manage each parcel of land in a manner consistent with its unique endowments. The consequence of reducing the scale of land area that is managed uniquely is to substantially reduce the number of cropped acres for which inputs are either over- or under-applied. The potential impact of SSM on farm receipts, variable input costs, and fixed investment costs are explored. The likely impact of farm size on profitability of SSM adoption also is explored. A hypothetical case is implored to chnonstrate the economic value of various components of SSM. Finally the potential environmental consequences of SSM for society are explored.
Semiconductivity of organic substances. Part 9.—Nucleic acid in the dry state (1962)

D. D. Eley and D. I. Spivey, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 411 DOI: 10.1039/TF9625800411
Vascular Endothelial Cell Antibodies in Diabetic Patients: Association With Diabetic Retinopathy (1992)

Antibodies directed against vascular endothelial cells may play a role in the development of microvascular, and possibly macrovascular, disease in diabetes.
Gain dynamics and refractive index changes in fiber amplifiers: a frequency domain approach (2012)

Gain dynamics and refractive index changes in fiber amplifiers are important in many areas. For example, the knowledge of the frequency responses for seed and pump power modulation are required to actively stabilize low noise fiber amplifiers. Slow and fast light via coherent population oscillations rely on the change of group index to delay or advance pulses, and refractive index changes in fiber amplifiers are a possible explanation for mode fluctuations in high power fiber amplifiers. Here, we analyze the frequency dependent influence of seed and pump power modulation on the fiber amplifier output power and the refractive index. We explain the observed power and refractive index modulation with an analytic model originally developed for telecom amplifiers and discuss a further simplification of the model.
<i>Sports for</i> Girls and Women (1954)

(1954). Sports for Girls and Women. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 38-39.
Design and Characterization of the EBG Waveguide-Based Interconnects (2007)

An alternative signal guiding structure, which can be integrated within the printed circuit substrates, is investigated in this paper. The structure is realized by forming a rectangular waveguide in a 2-D electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) substrate. In this manner, a bandpass interconnect is provided that proves to be a promising technology for the high-speed/high-frequency system design. A systematic approach to the design and optimization of this interconnect is presented here followed by investigation of various bend geometries. The studied structures exhibit very low levels of loss and leakage when inspected at tens of gigahertz frequency range. Moreover, the near-end and the far-end crosstalks are monitored in multiple interconnects proving the high efficiency of this alternative routing structure in dense layouts. Nonetheless, the crosstalk performance is degraded as the coplanar microstrip-to-waveguide transitions are added. These transitions are essentially tapered microstrip lines that are connected to other circuitries. Continuous via fences are inserted in the transition sections of multiple structures demonstrating significant improvement in the crosstalk performance.
A Honeycomb‐Layered Oxide Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Suppressed P3–O1 Phase Transition (2016)

Mg-substituted Na3Ni2−xMgxSbO6 cathode materials are synthesized via a scalable high-temperature solid-state method to improve the cyclability of the honeycomb-layered oxide cathode in sodium-ion batteries. The partial substitution of Ni2+ by Mg2+ in the transition-metal layer suppresses the electrochemically unfavorable P3–O1 transition and enlarges the lattice parameters to bring improved performance with respect to capacity retention, Coulombic efficiency, and Na (de)intercalation kinetics.
Insight into the Catalytic Mechanism of DNA Polymerase β:  Structures of Intermediate Complexes<sup>,</sup> (2001)

The catalytic reaction mediated by DNA polymerases is known to require two Mg(II) ions, one associated with dNTP binding and the other involved in metal ion catalysis of the chemical step. Here we report a functional intermediate structure of a DNA polymerase with only one metal ion bound, the DNA polymerase beta-DNA template-primer-chromium(III).2'-deoxythymidine 5'-beta,gamma-methylenetriphosphate [Cr(III).dTMPPCP] complex, at 2.6 A resolution. The complex is distinct from the structures of other polymerase-DNA-ddNTP complexes in that the 3'-terminus of the primer has a free hydroxyl group. Hence, this structure represents a fully functional intermediate state. Support for this contention is provided by the observation of turnover in biochemical assays of crystallized protein as well as from the determination that soaking Pol beta crystals with Mn(II) ions leads to formation of the product complex, Pol beta-DNA-Cr(III).PCP, whose structure is also reported. An important feature of both structures is that the fingers subdomain is closed, similar to structures of other ternary complexes in which both metal ion sites are occupied. These results suggest that closing of the fingers subdomain is induced specifically by binding of the metal-dNTP complex prior to binding of the catalytic Mg(2+) ion. This has led us to reevaluate our previous evidence regarding the existence of a rate-limiting conformational change in Pol beta's reaction pathway. The results of stopped-flow studies suggest that there is no detectable rate-limiting conformational change step.
Biosynthesis of p-Hydroxybenzoate from p-Coumarate and p-Coumaroyl-Coenzyme A in Cell-Free Extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cell Cultures (1994)

The enzymatic formation of p-hydroxybenzoate from p-coumarate in cell-free extracts of cell cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. was investigated. p-Coumaroyl-coenzyme A (p-coumaroyl-CoA) is the activated intermediate in this biosynthetic reaction. It is formed by an ATP-, Mg2+ -, and CoA-dependent 4-hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase reaction. p-Coumaroyl-CoA is oxidized and cleaved to p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA in a thioclastic reaction in which NAD is an essential cofactor. These CoA esters are rapidly hydrolyzed to acetate and p-hydroxybenzoate, probably by thioesterases. The enzymes involved in the formation of p-hydroxybenzoate are soluble. p-Hydroxybenzalde-hyde is not an intermediate in this conversion, and S-denosylmethionine and uridine-5[prime]-diphosphoglucose do not enhance formation of p-hydroxybenzoate in our system.
Performance of TCP and UDP protocols in multi-hop multi-rate wireless networks (2004)

An interesting feature of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN cards is that they support multiple transmission modes. For example, the 802.11b cards support four transmission modes of I, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps, whereas, the 802.11a cards support eight transmission modes, up to a maximum of 54 Mbps. In this paper, we study layer four protocols over multi-rate multi-hop wireless networks and attempt to answer the question whether higher bandwidth links necessarily outperform lower bandwidth links in these networks. We examine this question by taking into account the transport layer protocols such as the TCP and UDP. While network capacity is a topic of active interest in the research community, a comparative study of the ad hoc network throughput at the different link bandwidths has not been made. We then propose a bandwidth-based ad hoc routing protocol and look at how to integrate QoS with routing.
Protein and Amino Acid Requirements of Fishes (1986)

Tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. Most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) that are in direct contrast to the homothermic terrestial animals. Net protein utilization from the diet is similar or slightly better than that found in avian species, but energy needs are much lower in fish and as a result the body protein deposition in fish is larger (about 5 g protein/MJ for the chick versus about 10 g protein/MJ for young fish). Qualitative amino acid requirements appear identical for all fish species examined; arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine are all required for normal growth and metabolism. Quantitative requirements differ only slightly among species that have been tested. Salmon have higher arginine requirements than other fish examined. Catfish appear to have a lower requirement for histidine and threonine, and the Japanese eel seems to need more tryptophan in the diet. However, when the quantitative requirements for indispensable amino acids are expressed as a percentage of the protein fed, then a remarkable harmony appears between values needed for maximal growth for most species examined. A review of Tables 3 and 4 will disclose the paucity of information available considering the large number of fish species reared commercially over the world. Most commercial diet formulations have relied upon the work done on salmon, catfish, and carp, and their amino acid and protein requirement values have been used. Remarkably, these diets have produced other species of fish economically. Sparing effects of one amino acid on another have only been studied with cystine-methionine and tyrosine-phenylalanine. Arginine and analogues of methionine have been used as good nitrogen sources for salmon. Isoleucine-leucine ratios have been measured and experiments indicate some growth inhibition when the isoleucine-leucine ratio was greater than 2/1. Valine at abnormally high levels also inhibited growth. Much more work needs to be done on the effects of subtle differences in amino acid ratios in the diet, and major emphasis should be placed on the important role of the dispensable amino acids in fish nutrition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Kinase Substrate Sensor (KISS), a Mammalian In Situ Protein Interaction Sensor (2014)

Probably every cellular process is governed by protein-protein interaction (PPIs), which are often highly dynamic in nature being modulated by in- or external stimuli. Here we present KISS, for KInase Substrate Sensor, a mammalian two-hybrid approach designed to map intracellular PPIs and some of the dynamic features they exhibit. Benchmarking experiments indicate that in terms of sensitivity and specificity KISS is on par with other binary protein interaction technologies while being complementary with regard to the subset of PPIs it is able to detect. We used KISS to evaluate interactions between different types of proteins, including transmembrane proteins, expressed at their native subcellular location. In situ analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced clustering of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor ERN1 and ligand-dependent β-arrestin recruitment to GPCRs illustrated the method's potential to study functional PPI modulation in complex cellular processes. Exploring its use as a tool for in cell evaluation of pharmacological interference with PPIs, we showed that reported effects of known GPCR antagonists and PPI inhibitors are properly recapitulated. In a three-hybrid setup, KISS was able to map interactions between small molecules and proteins. Taken together, we established KISS as a sensitive approach for in situ analysis of protein interactions and their modulation in a changing cellular context or in response to pharmacological challenges.
High-order entropy coding for images (1992)

A preliminary study shows the effectiveness of high-order entropy coding for 2-D data. The incremental conditioning tree extension method is the key element for reducing the complexity of high-order statistical coding. The determination of the conditioning state in the nonfull tree for an underlying sample is, in functionality, similar to the extraction of a codeword from a variable length coded bit string. Therefore, the hardware structure used for decoding variable length codes can be applied to determine the conditioning state based on data in the causal region. >
Complementarity of H and L Chains from Antihapten Antibodies of Different Classes (1972)

Abstract Recombination experiments were performed with H and L chains of guinea pig anti-DNP γ1 and γ2 immunoglobulins. The immunoglobulins were mildly reduced and alkylated and then exposed to guanidine HCl in order to dissociate their polypeptide chains. Recombination was allowed to occur as the guanidine was subsequently dialyzed away. Recombination of H chains with one another was found to be class-specific. On the other hand, the recombination of L chains with H chains was close to random (i.e., independent of class of origin), especially with antibodies obtained from individual animals. The results are consistent with the idea that during the immune response, clones of antibody-forming cells switch classes (CH genes) while retaining the specificity of the combining site (V genes).