gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Social Capital and Acculturation Stress on School Adaptation of Adolescents of Multi-cultural Family (2012)

Abstract This study conducted a survey 185 adolescents in multi-cultural family to measure the level of their social capital and their acculturation stress and examined how it affects them to adapt to school. Followings are the main results of this study. First, after measuring the social capital level of those surveyed, their average was lower than the normal level, showing 2.24(SD=.32), and their acculturation stress showed 2.54(SD=.58), a bit higher than the normal level. Second, their level of adapting to school showed 2.26(SD=.39), which was lower than the normal level, and there was statistically a meaningful difference between the groups depending on their grade, academic level, economic level, parents‘ marital status, mother’s Korean ability. Third, the factors that affected in adapting to school were in the order of their network of social capital(β=.225), mother’s Korean ability(β=.195), acculturation stress(β=-.175), interpersonal trust of social capital(β=.171), norm of social capital(β=.161), parents‘ marital status(β=.156), academic level(β=.151), economic level(β=.145). Based on these results, this study suggest ways to promote trust building among people and network formation through active use of information communication, and to improve multi-cultural acceptability by developing and using various contents.
Elastic wave propagation in confined granular systems (2005)

We present numerical simulations of acoustic wave propagation in confined granular systems consisting of particles interacting with the three-dimensional Hertz-Mindlin force law. The response to a short mechanical excitation on one side of the system is found to be a propagating coherent wave front followed by random oscillations made of multiply scattered waves. We find that the coherent wave front is insensitive to details of the packing: force chains do not play an important role in determining this wave front. The coherent wave propagates linearly in time, and its amplitude and width depend as a power law on distance, while its velocity is roughly compatible with the predictions of macroscopic elasticity. As there is at present no theory for the broadening and decay of the coherent wave, we numerically and analytically study pulse propagation in a one-dimensional chain of identical elastic balls. The results for the broadening and decay exponents of this system differ significantly from those of the random packings. In all our simulations, the speed of the coherent wave front scales with pressure as p1/6; we compare this result with experimental data on various granular systems where deviations from the p1/6 behavior are seen. We briefly discuss the eigenmodes of the system and effects of damping are investigated as well.
A Particle-Based Model for Simulating the Draping Behavior of Woven Cloth (1994)

We demonstrate a physically based technique for producing draping simulations of a variety of woven fabrics. Our approach employs an interacting-particle model based on the microstructure of woven cloth, rather than using a continuum approx imation. Empirical data from a fabric testing device are used to tune energy functions within the model. We describe the model, how we convert the fabric test data to energy functions, and two experiments we conducted to evaluate the approach. The first experiment produces nonlinear mechanical data from the model. The second exper iment compares photographs of three different kinds of draping cloth with visualizations of simulation results. The experiments show that we are able to reliably recover quan titative mechanical information from the model and to reproduce the unique large- scale draping characteristics of a range of fabrics.
The effect of base doping on the performance of Si bipolar transistors at low temperatures (1981)

The possibility of using Si bipolar transistors at low temperatures (77 to 200 K) is examined. Estimates of the de-current gain β and the switching performance are obtained from results on the variation of the effective band gap with the concentration of impurities in the emitter region and from the variation of the transport properties with the impurity concentration in the base. The reduction in β at low temperatures cannot be eliminated by using an optimum As concentration in transistors with As doped emitters. There is, however, a significant improvement in the low-temperature from eliminating the compensating acceptors from the emitter region. It is important to also reduce the number of compensating donor traps from the base region at low temperatures. The effect of varying the base doping is calculated using the data on Si of Morin and Maita, replotted to obtain the dependence on impurity concentration. The switching speed goes through a maximum close to 150 K. At even lower temperatures majority-carrier freeze out is responsible for a decreased performance. At low temperatures, the de-current gain can be increased by reducing the base doping. The resulting performance decrease is less than at room temperature and the improvement in β is greater, because, at low temperatures, the decreased impurity scattering at a lighter doping significantly improves the electron and hole mobilities in the base region.
LONG-TERM SEIZURES AND QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER EPILEPSY SURGERY COMPARED WITH MATCHED CONTROLS (2008)

After an average of more than 15 years of follow-up, epilepsy surgery patients had fewer seizures, used less antiepileptic medication, and had better HRQoL in several dimensions of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 89 instrument than matched medically treated controls with refractory epilepsy, although possibly at a slight disadvantage in the language dimension among those with 7 years of follow-up or less.
Developmental and Evolutionary Adaptations of Cortical Radial Glia (2003)

The concept of transient radial glial cells, based originally on observations made on the human fetal brain stained with the classical Golgi silver impregnation method, has been evolving with the application of advanced methods of anatomy, molecular biology and genetics. In addition to providing scaffolding for migration and placement of neurons, these specialized cells can generate neuronal cell lineage that either immediately, or following multiple divisions, migrate along the elongated radial process of the mother cell. Comparative analysis of the data on emergence, function and morphogenetic transformation of radial glial cells in the mouse, macaque and human embryonic cerebral wall reveals both similarities as well as species-specific differences in the timing, sequence, biochemical composition and level of phenotypic differentiation that provide insight into cortical development and evolution, as well as into pathogenesis of genetic and acquired cortical abnormalities.
Continuum damage mechanics for the lithosphere (2011)

[1] This paper introduces a new mathematical formulation of continuum damage mechanics for deep lithospheric layers subjected to thermomechanical loading. The material's rheology includes isotropic linear elasticity as well as nonlinear viscoplasticity induced by combined creep mechanisms. The formulation is based on the theory of generalized standard materials where the dissipative processes obey the principle of maximum dissipation. The model was implemented numerically using relatively new techniques of thermal and rate dependency considerations. The predictor-corrector algorithm of radial return mapping characterized by high convergence rates was also included. The results show a clear impact of continuum damage on the local material integrity. This weakening effect adds up to the shear heating feedback which accelerates the softening behavior. When considering processes taking place at high temperatures and low rates of loading, neglecting damage leads to overestimated forces in the lithosphere.
Character identities in the twisted endoscopy of real reductive groups (2012)

Suppose G is a real reductive algebraic group, is an automorphism of G, and ! is a quasicharacter of the group of real points G(R). Under some additional assumptions, the theory of twisted endoscopy associates to this triple real reductive groups H. The Local Langlands Correspondence partitions the admissible representations of H(R) and G(R) into L-packets. We prove twisted character identities between L-packets of H(R) and G(R) comprised of essential discrete series or limits of discrete series.
A 1.8V three-stage 25GHz 3dB-BW differential non-uniform downsized distributed amplifier (2005)

A three-stage nonuniform downsized distributed amplifier is realized in a 0.18/spl mu/m SiGe process, using CMOS transistors only. The amplifier achieves the differential forward gain of 7.8dB over a 25GHz bandwidth and an IIP3 of +4.7dBm. The 1.025/spl times/1.29mm/sup 2/ chip dissipates 54mW from a 1.8V supply.
Purification, Structural and Immunological Characterization of a Timothy Grass (Phleum pratense) Pollen Allergen, Phl p 4, with Cross-Reactive Potential (2002)

Almost 500 million people worldwide suffer from Type I allergy, a genetically determined immunodisorder which is based on the production of IgE antibodies against per se harmless antigens (allergens). Due to their worldwide distribution and heavy pollen production, grasses represent a major allergen source for approximately 40% of allergic patients. We purified Phl p 4, a major timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergen with a molecular mass of 61.3 kDa and a pl of 9.6 to homogeneity. Circular dichroism spectroscopical analysis indicates that Phl p 4 contains a mixed alpha-helical/beta-pleated secondary structure and, unlike many other allergens, showed no reversible unfolding after thermal denaturation. We show that Phl p 4 is a major allergen which reacts with IgE antibodies of 75% of grass pollen allergic patients (n=150) and induces basophil histamine release as well as immediate type skin reactions in sensitized individuals. Phl p 4-specific IgE from three patients as well as two rabbit-anti Phl p 4 antisera cross-reacted with allergens present in pollen of trees, grasses, weeds as well as plant-derived food. Rabbit antibodies raised against Phl p 4 also inhibited the binding of allergic patients IgE to Phl p 4. Phl p 4 may thus be used for diagnosis and treatment of sensitized allergic patients.
Augmented reality service using real-time device recognition (2011)

AR (Augmented Reality) on mobile device is beyond providing simple additional information. Moreover, it has extended its range to variety domains. The latest AR service for device recognition uses POI (Point of Interest), GPS (Global Positioning System) or digital compass. These technologies could not be applied well in home and office environments, because it is difficult to recognize small and uniform shaped devices like industrial products. Nowadays, other methods of device recognition have been widely studied. One is tracking device features. This makes feature model and then compares feature model with trained model. The other is that using bar code or RFID. Such methods are hard to get into user-space because dynamic device status, device sensing or recognition could not be made into trained model. Therefore, in inner space like home or office, AR has not been used widely compared to outer space. In this paper, we propose new concept of technology about device recognition using network profile information though a mobile camera interface. In addition, we provide preview method about device's service, contents, and real-time status information so that users can use faster, more intuitive user-interface in mobile devices. We implement the system of media server and renderer to share digital contents. This provides intuitive interaction for contents sharing just using camera preview.
Role of surfactants in adhesion reduction for step and flash imprint lithography (2008)

The step-and-flash imprint lithography process requires the clean separation of a quartz template from a polymer, and the force required to create this separation must be minimized to prevent the generation of defects. Fluorinated surfactant additives to the imprint fluid address this problem by migrating to the template-polymer interface and forming a local layer with ideal properties for adhesive fracture. Tensile and four-point bend fracture experiments show that surfactants lower the modulus of the imprint polymer and decrease the fracture energy. The fracture energy is further decreased by using a nonreactive, liquid surfactant versus a surfactant that reacts with the polymer matrix. Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that surfactant migration is more effective with a fluorinated surface treatment compared to an untreated quartz surface. This result shows that the use of fluorinated surfactants must be accompanied by a surface treatment that produces a similar energy or polarity to induce migration and lower the adhesive strength.
Chemical composition, nutritionally valuable minerals and functional properties of benniseed (Sesamum radiatum), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) flours (1999)

The chemical composition, nutritionally valuable minerals and functional properties of benniseed (Sesamum radiatum), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were studied. The results showed that the samples contained crude protein in the range of 11.4 to 22.5% with benniseed having the highest value of 2.5%, and pearl millet with the lowest value 11.4%. Ether extracts fall within the range of 6.3-44.3%. The moisture contents ranged from 5.2 to 11.2% while the ash contents were found to be in the range of 1.2 to 4.1% and the crude fibre ranged between 3.1 and 9.6%. The flours were relatively higher in maltose and D-ribose which were found to be in the range of 1.28-5.08 mg sugar in 5 ml sample. They also have low contents of glucose and fructose which ranged between 0.70 and 1.46 mg sugar in 5 ml sample. The predominant mineral was potassium which varied between 5150 and 7140 mg per kg sample while the samples were significantly low in manganese and copper. The protein solubility of the flours were found to have minimum solubility at pH 5 for benniseed, about pH 6 for pearl millet and quinoa. The seed flours also have good gelation property, water absorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability. The oil absorption capacity and foaming capacity were low but the foams were relatively stable.
Muramyl peptides in mammalian tissues and their effects at the cellular level. (1986)

Muramyl peptides (MPs), presumably breakdown products of bacterial cell walls, have been found in the brain, liver, and kidney of the rat. They exert multiple physiological effects on higher animals as immunoadjuvants, activators of macrophages, pyrogens, antitumor agents, inducers of contractility of smooth muscle, and promoters of slow-wave sleep, as well as nonspecific protectors of animals against infection. Structure-function relationships of these substances have been extensively studied, especially with respect to somnogenicity. In the role an intact muramyl ring is required, and the 1,6-anhydro form is active. The presence of free carboxyls or amides on the glutamyl and diaminopimelyl entities have important effects. The stereochemistry is crucial: the alanine adjacent to the N-acetylmuramyl entity must be L, and the glutamate must be D. Studies were carried out with murine macrophages to establish mechanisms of action of these glycopeptides. There are two populations of binding sites for MPs on those cells. When compounds of different structure are compared, binding ability correlates with pyrogenic and somnogenic activity. Serotonin competes with these agents for binding sites. Binding of that substance induces at least one macrophage response characteristic of the binding of MP.
The Conformation of Calreticulin Is Influenced by the Endoplasmic Reticulum Luminal Environment (2000)

In order to understand the dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal environment, we investigated the role of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and ATP on conformational changes of calreticulin. Purified calreticulin was digested with trypsin in the presence or absence of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and ATP. At low Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration (<100 μm), calreticulin is rapidly and fully degraded by trypsin, indicating that under these conditions the protein is in a highly trypsin-susceptible conformation. Increasing Ca<sup>2+</sup>concentration up to 500 μm or 1 mm resulted in protection of the full-length calreticulin and in generation of the 27-kDa fragment highly resistant to trypsin digestion. The 27-kDa protease-resistant core of the protein represented the NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal half of calreticulin and was identified by its reactivity with specific antibodies and by NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent changes in calreticulin's sensitivity to proteolysis indicate that agonist-induced fluctuation in the free ER luminal Ca<sup>2+</sup>concentration may affect the protein conformation and function. Trypsin digestion of calreticulin in the presence of Zn<sup>2+</sup> resulted in the formation of a 17-kDa central protease-resistant core in the protein corresponding to the central region of the protein, indicating that under these conditions the N- and C-domains of the protein are in an extended conformation. Here we also show that calreticulin is an ATP-binding protein but that it does not contain detectable ATPase activity. Digestion of the protein with trypsin in the presence of Mg<sup>2+</sup>-ATP protects the full-length protein. These results indicate that calreticulin may undergo frequent, ion-induced conformation changes, which may affect its function and its ability to interact with other proteins in the lumen of the ER.
Synthesis of Optically Active 5-(<i>tert</i>-Butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-cyclohexenone and Its 6-Substituted Derivatives as Useful Chiral Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Cyclohexane Rings. Syntheses of Carvone, Penienone, and Penihydrone (1999)

Optically active 5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-cyclohexenone (1) and its 6-substituted derivatives 2a,b were synthesized from the readily available optically active ethyl 3-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-hexenoate (4), where the Ti(II)-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction and the FeCl3-mediated ring expansion reaction of a 1-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.0]hexane are the key reactions. The enone 1 reacted with higher-order cyanocuprates with excellent diastereoselectivity to afford the trans-addition products, trans-13, in excellent yields. The reaction of 1 with lower-order cyanocuprates proceeded with moderate to excellent syn-selectivity to afford cis-13. Treatment of trans- and cis-13 with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) or catalyst p-TSA (p-toluenesulfonic acid) resulted in a β-elimination reaction to furnish the corresponding optically active 5-substituted-2-cyclohexenones 14. The 1,4-addition reaction of 2a and 2b with organocyanocuprates followed by treatment of the resulting 20 with DBU provided the 2,5-disubstituted-2-cyclohexenones 19 with excellent ee. The conversion of 14 into the 3,5-disubstituted-2-cyclohexenone 22 has also been carried out via 1,2-addition of alkyllithium onto the carbonyl group and the following oxidation with PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate). Similarly, the conversion of 19 into 2,3,5-trisubstituted-2-cyclohexenones 24 has been carried out. A highly efficient, first total synthesis of penienone 25 and penihydrone 26 has been accomplished. Thus, the 1,4-addition reaction of 1 with the (E,E)-1,3-heptadienyl cyanocuprate and consecutive trap of the resulting copper enolate with formaldehyde gave 28, which upon treatment with DBU or Pyr·HF yielded 25 and 26, respectively. An efficient synthesis of both enantiomers of carvone starting from (S)-20ab has been also accomplished.
Determination of Cell Adhesion Sites of Neuropilin-1 (2000)

Neuropilin-1 is a type 1 membrane protein with three distinct functions. First, it can mediate cell adhesion via a heterophilic molecular interaction. Second, in neuronal cells, neuropilin-1 binds the class 3 semaphorins, which are neuronal chemorepellents, and plays a role in the directional guidance of axons. Neuropilin-1 is expected to form complexes with the plexinA subfamily members and mediate the semaphorin-elicited inhibitory signals into neurons. Third, in endothelial cells, neuropilin-1 binds a potent endothelial cell mitogen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(165), and regulates vessel formation. Though the binding sites in neuropilin-1 for the class 3 semaphorins and VEGF(165) have been analyzed, the sites involved in cell adhesion activity of the molecule have not been identified. In this study, we produced a variety of mutant neuropilin-1s and tested their cell adhesion activity. We showed that the b1 and b2 domains within the extracellular segment of neuropilin-1 were required for the cell adhesion activity, and peptides with an 18-amino acid stretch in the b1 and b2 domains were sufficient to induce the cell adhesion activity. In addition, we demonstrated that the cell adhesion ligands for neuropilin-1 were proteins and distributed in embryonic mesenchymal cells but distinct from the class 3 semaphorins, VEGF, or plexins.
Push–pull integrated-optics Mach–Zehnder interferometer with domain inversion in one branch (1995)

We report on a push-pull integrated-optics Mach-Zehnder interferometer having one domain-inverted branch and one noninverted branch. It is fabricated in the c(+) side of a LiNbO(3) substrate. We achieve ferroelectric domain inversion in one branch of the waveguide by doping it more heavily with Ti than the other branch and by using a high-temperature treatment that raises the temperature above the doped Curie temperature of the one branch but not of the other. The cumulative electro-optic effect of the inverted branch is found to be opposite that in the noninverted branch when both are subjected to the same electric field.
The relationship between disease activity and radiologic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A longitudinal analysis (2004)

Radiologic progression is not linear in individual patients. Fluctuations in disease activity are directly related to changes in radiologic progression, which supports the hypothesis that disease activity causes radiologic damage. This relationship might only exist in RF-positive patients.
Echogenicity caused by stable microbubbles in a protein‐lipid emulsion (1981)

Abstract Some investigators have hypothesized that the echogenicity of natural emulsions is due to protein‐lipid interfaces. An in vitro investigation of these phenomena indicates that the observed echoes are the result of entrapped microbubbles that can remain relativelystable in certain naturally occurring products, such as buttermilk.
Xpros: a Fuzzy Expert System for Prospect Appraisal (1992)

We have developed a fuzzy expert system (XPROS) based on the fuzzy multicriteria decision-making paradigm for prospect evaluation. XPROS considers all available information, which are usually fragmentary and imprecise - the kind of information which cannot be incorporated in traditional methods. In essence, XPROS employs fuzzy implications to gauge satisfaction levels associated with each measure of the characteristics associated with the source rock, reservoir, trap, and seal. In this paper we describe XPROS illustrated with a case study.