gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and development of an X-ray sensor to measure the density and flow rate of drilling fluids in high pressure lines (2018)

There is a need for advanced technology that can accurately measure the density and mass flow rate of drilling fluids at the high pressure well inlet in real-time. Current reliance on antiquated metering technologies such as the pressurized mud balance and the pump stroke counter to make these measurements greatly impedes our ability to accurately predict the near well bore pressure profile and measure the delta flow rate, which is one of the primary indicators for trouble events such as kicks or lost circulation. In order to address this gap in technology an X-ray sensor was developed to make real-time measurements at greater than 99% percent accuracy and 1 Hz measurement frequency. The X-ray sensor can measure the density of drilling fluids in the 8 ppg to 20 ppg range and with flow rates of up to 1200 gpm. These measurements are made using 320 kV/1500W polychromatic X-ray source, which is well within the range of readily available industrial X-ray tubes. In the past such measurements would require X-ray voltages that could only be achieved with linear accelerators thereby making the cost and size of equipment non-conducive to the drilling environment. However, recent advances in pipe manufacturing, particularly using a class of low density and high pressure materials known as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CRPs) and, are now making it viable to re-visit relatively low cost X-rays systems for density and mass flowrate measurements. Windows constructed from CRPs allow us to bypass the high density carbon steel standpipe and make measurements at voltages that do not require a linear accelerator. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of a CRP based X-ray sensor that is used to measure drilling mud density and mass flowrate at the high pressure well inlet.
Effect of AlN interlayers on growth stress in GaN layers deposited on (111) Si (2005)

Thin (∼10nm) AlN interlayers have previously been used to mitigate stress and cracking in GaN epitaxial layers grown on Si substrates. However, multiple AlN interlayers are typically required for the growth of thick (&gt;1μm) GaN as the initial compressive mismatch stress introduced by the AlN interlayer transitions to a tensile stress within 0.5μm. To better understand the reasons for the transition, in situ monitoring and transmission electron microscopy have been used to study stress and structural evolution in undoped GaN layers deposited on high temperature (1050–1100°C) AlN interlayers by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. The results show that transition of the initial compressive stress to a final tensile stress is associated with a reduction in the density of dislocations introduced either by the pseudosubstrate or the interlayer itself.
Reactions of Asymmetric Bis‐(p‐alkoxyphenyl) ethylenes with dimethylaniline (1973)

Abstract 1,1‐Bis‐[p‐methoxy(or ethoxy)phenyl]ethylene 1 gave in boiling dimethylaniline in the presence of hydrogen chloride or zinc chloride 1,1‐bis‐[p‐methoxy(or ethoxy)phenyl]‐1‐p‐dimethylaminophenylethane 2 1,1‐bis‐[p‐methoxy(or ethoxy)phenyl]ethane, 1,1‐bis‐[p‐hydroxyphenyl]‐ethane and bis‐[p‐dimethylaminophenyl]methane. The structure of the triarylethanes 2 was proven by synthesis. The isomeric 1,1‐bis‐[p‐methoxy(or ethoxy)phenyl]‐2‐p‐dimethylaminophenylethane 6 was also synthesised.
NEURAL PLASTICITY TO STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT (1999)

s of the First Congress of the Behavioral Pharmacology Society and the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society: PDF Only
Control of Blueberry Maggot on Blueberries, 1995 (1996)

Abstract This study was conducted in a ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry field in full production, near Whitesbog, NJ. Blueberry bushes were approximately 5 ft tall and spaced 9 X 4 ft apart. Treatments were applied to 108 ft X 275 ft plots with a Rears 50 gal airblast sprayer at 140 psi, calibrated to deliver 60 gal of spray solution per acre. There was a single replication of each treatment. Four unsprayed rows (36 ft) along the length (108 ft) and 12 unsprayed bushes (48 ft) along the width (275 ft) served as buffers between treatments. Insecticides were applied once on 3 Jul, 14 days after the first BBM fly capture in Pherocon AM traps. Samples of ripe blueberries were harvested on 14 Jul from each of the 12 rows in each treatment (12 samples/treatment). Berries were collected from the top, middle, and bottom third of each bush in a row. From each sample, a 1 -pt sub-sample was cooked and the fruit pulp filtered through a screen mesh and thoroughly checked for BBM larvae.
Sensitization to the Lysosomal Cell Death Pathway upon Immortalization and Transformation (2004)

Tumorigenesis is associated with several changes that alter the cellular susceptibility to programmed cell death. Here, we show that immortalization and transformation sensitize cells in particular to the cysteine cathepsin-mediated lysosomal death pathway. Spontaneous immortalization increased the susceptibility of wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cytotoxicity >1000-fold, whereas immortalized MEFs deficient for lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B (CathB) retained the resistant phenotype of primary cells. This effect was specific for cysteine cathepsins, because also lack of cathepsin L (a lysosomal cysteine protease), but not that of cathepsin D (a lysosomal aspartyl protease) or caspase-3 (the major executioner protease in classic apoptosis) inhibited the immortalization-associated sensitization of MEFs to TNF. Oncogene-driven transformation of immortalized MEFs was associated with a dramatic increase in cathepsin expression and additional sensitization to the cysteine cathepsin-mediated death pathway. Importantly, exogenous expression of CathB partially reversed the resistant phenotype of immortalized CathB-deficient MEFs, and the inhibition of CathB activity by pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference attenuated TNF-induced cytotoxicity in immortalized and transformed wild-type cells. Thus, tumorigenesis-associated changes in lysosomes may counteract cancer progression and enhance therapeutic responses by sensitizing cells to programmed cell death.
Cleaning With Supercritical CO2 (1990)

Supercritical carbon dioxide effective industrial cleaning agent. Replaces conventional halocarbon solvents for degreasing parts becoming coated with oil during such manufacturing procedures as forming and machining. Presents none of environmental threats and occupational hazards associated with halocarbon solvents. Spontaneously evaporates after use and leaves no waste to be disposed of. Evaporated gas readily collected and recycled.
Single and Multiple Relay Selection Schemes and their Diversity Orders (2008)

This paper is on relay selection (RS) schemes for wireless relay networks. First, we derive the diversity of many single RS schemes in the literature. Then, we generalize the idea of RS by allowing more than one relay to cooperate. Several multiple RS schemes are proposed, which are proved to achieve full diversity. Simulation results show that they perform much better than the corresponding single RS methods and very close to the optimal multiple RS scheme. However, the computational complexity of the suboptimal schemes are linear in the number of relays, far superior to the optimal selection, which has exponential complexity. In addition, when the number of relays is large, the multiple RS schemes require the same amount of feedback bits from the receiver as single RS schemes.
QUANTITATIVE SPECTROFLUORIMETRY‐THE FLUORESCENCE QUANTUM YIELD OF QUININE SULFATE (1967)

Abstract— By idealizing the design of a typical spectrofluorimeter that measures fluorescence from dilute solutions, we are able to derive an equation that predicts the dependence of the observable amplitude on the concentration of the solute and on several instrumental parameters. The result of the derivation, the fluorescence function, is used together with measurements of rhodamine B fluorescence and colloidal silica scattering to calibrate a spectrofluorimeter. The fluorescence function and the calibration data are used to determine the absolute fluorescence quantum yield of quinine sulfate in 0–1 N H 2 So 4 . The results, Ø 250 =0.582 with excitation at 250 mμ, adn Ø 350 =0.577 with excitation at 350mμ. agree well with the previous evaluation of Melhuish, Ø 345 =0.546.
Secure virtual enclaves (2001)

The Secure Virtual Enclaves (SVE) collaboration infrastructure allows multiple organizations to share their distributed application objects, while respecting organizational autonomy over local resources. The infrastructure is transparent to applications, which may be accessed via a web server, or may be based on Java or Microsoft's DCOM. The SVE infrastructure is implemented in middleware, with no modifications to COTS operating systems or network protocols. The system enables dynamic updates to security policies to support changes in both coalition membership and participants' perception of risks. While the prototype demonstrates fine-grained access control for secure collaborative computing, we have identified significant issues that remain to be addressed, particularly in the area of policy development, before such collaboration will be convenient. The SVE infrastructure offers a platform and conceptual basis for further exploration of these issues and experimentation with new solutions.
Thermally induced O to N acyl migration in the salicylamides: thermal motion analysis of the reactants (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermally induced O to N acyl migration in the salicylamides: thermal motion analysis of the reactantsK. Vyas, H. Manohar, and K. VenkatesanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 15, 6069–6073Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100378a080https://doi.org/10.1021/j100378a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Robust system multiangulation using subspace methods (2007)

Sensor location information is a prerequisite to the utility of most sensor networks. In this paper we present a robust and low-complexity algorithm to self-localize and orient sensors in a network based on angle-of-arrival (AOA) information. The proposed non-iterative subspace-based method is robust to missing and noisy measurements and works for cases when sensor orientations are either known or unknown. We show that the computational complexity of the algorithm is O (mn2), where m is the number of measurements and n is the total number of sensors. Simulation results demonstrate that the error of the proposed subspace algorithm is only marginally greater than an iterative maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE), while the computational complexity is two orders of magnitude less. Additionally, the iterative MLE is prone to converge to local maxima in the likelihood function without accurate initialization. We illustrate that the proposed subspace method can be used to initialize the MLE and obtain near-Cramér-Rao performance for sensor localization. Finally, the scalability of the subspace algorithm is illustrated by demonstrating how clusters within a large network may be individually localized and then merged.
Nucleic Acid Related Compounds. 118. Nonaqueous Diazotization of Aminopurine Derivatives. Convenient Access to 6-Halo- and 2,6-Dihalopurine Nucleosides and 2‘-Deoxynucleosides with Acyl or Silyl Halides<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Treatment of 9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-amino-6-chloropurine (1) with TMS-Cl and benzyltriethylammonium nitrite (BTEA-NO2) in dichloromethane gave the crystalline 2,6-dichloropurine nucleoside 2, and acetyl chloride/BTEA-NO2 was equally effective ( approximately 85%, without chromatography). TMS-Br/tert-butyl nitrite/dibromomethane gave crystalline 2-bromo-6-chloro analogue 3 (85%). (Chloro or bromo)-dediazoniation of 3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (4) gave the 6-[chloro (5, 63%) or bromo (6, 80%)]purine deoxynucleosides, and 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyladenosine (8) was converted into the 6-chloropurine nucleoside 9 (71%).
Analogs of quantum-Hall-effect edge states in photonic crystals (2008)

Photonic crystals built with time-reversal-symmetry-breaking Faraday-effect media can exhibit chiral edge modes that propagate unidirectionally along boundaries across which the Faraday axis reverses. These modes are precise analogs of the electronic edge states of quantum-Hall-effect (QHE) systems, and are also immune to backscattering and localization by disorder. The Berry curvature of the photonic bands plays a role analogous to that of the magnetic field in the QHE. Explicit calculations demonstrating the existence of such unidirectionally propagating photonic edge states are presented.
Thermal conductivity of polycrystalline aluminum nitride films: Effects of the microstructure, interfacial thermal resistance and local oxidation (2015)

The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) films with inhomogeneous structures is experimentally and theoretically investigated. The influence of the grain morphology and size evolution along the cross plane direction of the films is studied by thickness-dependent 3m measurements on AlN monolayers. For AlN/AlN multilayer samples, the impact of oxygen-related defects localized at the interface between two AlN layers, is also analyzed. When the total thickness of these multilayers is downsized from 1107 nm to 270 nm, their measured effective thermal conductivity reduces by 47%, which is smaller than the corresponding reduction of 58% for monolayers. In multilayers, this decrease is due to the additive contributions of the thermal resistances arising from the AlN and AlN/AlN interfaces. The experimental data are interpreted through an analytical model developed for nanocrystalline films with inhomogeneous structures. It is shown that the size effects on the phonon mean free paths and the intrinsic thermal resistance resulting from the inhomogeneous microstructure predominate as the film thickness increases, whilst the contribution of the interface thermal resistance strengthens when the thickness is scaled down.
Confocal assessment of the corneal response to intracorneal lens insertion and laser in situ keratomileusis with flap creation using IntraLase (2006)

Both LASIK with IntraLase and ICL insertion following IntraLase induced keratocyte activation, which may underlie clinical observations of haze in some patients. Intracorneal lens implant also induced thinning of the overlying corneal epithelium.
MT-DADMe-ImmA: A novel MTAP inhibitor with potential for the treatment of human head and neck and prostate carcinoma (2005)

603 The polyamine biosynthetic pathway is a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer because cellular proliferation requires an increased level of polyamine biosynthesis. Methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a by-product of the reaction catalyzed by both spermidine and spermine synthases and the only means of metabolizing MTA in mammals is phosphorolysis by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). Inhibition of MTAP may cause feedback inhibition of polyamine synthesis. MethylthioDADMeImmucillinA (MT-DADMe-ImmA) is a chemically stable analogue for the proposed transition state of human MTAP and is a slow onset inhibitor with a dissociation constant of 86 pM. The effects of MT-DADMe-ImmA were examined in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (FaDu & SCC25), prostate carcinoma (PC3) and normal human fibroblast (GM02037) cell lines. The effect of drug [MTA (20 μM) + MT-DADMe-ImmA (1 μM)] was examined for cell survival (WST-1 assay), clonogenic survival, morphological analysis with Hoechst staining, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry and apoptotic assays. Control cells were treated with the inhibitor (MT-DADMe-ImmA) alone or the substrate (MTA) alone. In contrast to controls, MT-DAD-MeImmA + MTA induced a significant G2/M arrest (60% as compared to 8% in untreated cells), followed by apoptosis in FaDu cells (30% in drug-treated vs 6% in controls) within 4-6 days. Furthermore, treatment with MTAP inhibitors induced significant mitochondrial damage as confirmed by DiOC6 staining in these cells. In contrast to FaDu cells, SCC25 and PC3 cells underwent significant growth inhibition only after 8-16 days of treatment. To determine whether the inhibition was selective for malignant cells, normal human fibroblast cells (GM02037) were treated with MT-DADMe-ImmA for several weeks. No cytotoxicity was observed. Thus, MT-DADMe-ImmA is a novel transition-state inhbitor of MTAP for the treatment of human head and neck and prostate carcinoma.
Formulation study of leuprorelin acetate to improve clinical performance. (1992)

Leuprorelin acetate, a highly potent gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, was originally launched in the USA as a daily injection for the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer. A once-monthly injectable depot form was subsequently developed. Biodegradable copoly(DL-lactic/glycolic) acid was chosen as the release-controlling polymer, and microspheres containing leuprorelin acetate were prepared by the in-water drying method. Results of studies in rats showed that a copolymer with a molecular weight of 14,000 and a lactic/glycolic acid ratio of 75/25 had the most satisfactory release-controlling properties. Microspheres given once monthly reduced serum testosterone levels in male rats. Microspheres also reduced serum oestradiol levels and caused a marked regression in experimental endometriosis in female rats. In clinical studies of prostatic cancer, use of the depot formulation has effectively reduced the dose required to as low as one-eighth of that needed for administration by daily injection. A sophisticated manufacturing system has now been developed and products now available have many advantages.
Gastric juice urease activity as a diagnostic test for Helicobacter pylori infection. (1997)

Gastric juice urease activity is a simple, sensitive, and specific means to detect H. pylori.
Synthesis and solution-state dynamics of donor–acceptor oligorotaxane foldamers (2013)

We describe in detail a strategy for creating foldamers in which interactions between mechanically interlocked components dictate the single-molecule assembly of a folded secondary structure. This unique folding motif is based on a flexible polyether dumbbell bearing 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP) donors, which folds its way through a series of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) acceptor rings in a serpentine fashion to enable extended donor–acceptor (D–A) stacking between DNP and the electron-poor 4,4′-bipyridinium (BIPY2+) units in CBPQT4+. These oligorotaxanes can be prepared in a wide range of sizes, with molecular weights up to >15 000 Da, on account of novel one-pot reactions we developed to generate the necessary oligo-DNP precursors. The product distributions from the final kinetically controlled stoppering reactions are highly biased towards oligorotaxanes in which approximately half of the DNP units are encircled by rings, a fact which can be rationalized if the dominant solution-state structures of the pseudorotaxane precursors reflect the solid-state superstructures of analogous compounds, which express 50% recognition site occupancy because of their proclivity to pack into continuous D–A–D–A stacks. The presence of well-defined folded structures in solution have been confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy in CD3CN. Moreover, we discovered an empirical selection rule forbidding CBPQT4+ rings to occupy adjacent DNP sites, which elegantly explains both the product distributions and the 1H NMR spectra. Depending on their adherence to this selection rule, all of the oligorotaxanes belong to one of three families: whereas ‘Confused’ oligorotaxanes adopt multiple translational isomers that satisfy the rule and ‘Frustrated’ species cannot obey it at all, members of the ‘Happy’ family each express only one rule-compliant ‘Goldilocks’ isomer. The NMR spectra of these oligorotaxanes also shed light on their dynamics; rapid 180° rotations of DNP units cause pairs of heterotopic BIPY2+ protons in the accompanying CBPQT4+ rings to exchange sites, giving rise to time-averaged signals. This process, which we term ‘superrotation’, will apply much more generally to other mechanically interlocked systems.
The efficacy of calcium mupirocin in the eradication of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage. (1991)

In an open, non-comparative clinical study conducted at 102 hospitals in the UK and Ireland, 1,510 subjects were treated with 2% calcium mupirocin in a white soft paraffin/Softisan 649 base (Bactroban 'Nasal') during hospital outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In most subjects treatment was applied two or three times daily to both anterior nares for three to eight days. Of the 766 assessable subjects, nasal carriage of S aureus was cleared in 744 (97.1%). Initially, MRSA was present in 628 cases (79.4%), and the organism was eliminated in 609 of these (97.0%). Isolates of S aureus were tested for susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics by disc test: of 523 nasal isolates tested against mupirocin, 516 (98.7%) were sensitive. Treatment was very well tolerated. Adverse events were reported by 22 subjects (1.5%); these were mostly mild local effects and necessitated withdrawal of treatment only in three subjects. The results indicate that topical calcium mupirocin is a highly effective and well tolerated treatment for the eradications of nasal carriage of S aureus, including MRSA.
Transcranial direct current stimulation improves recognition memory in Alzheimer disease (2008)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered over the temporoparietal areas can specifically affect a recognition memory performance in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Because tDCS is simple, safe and inexpensive, our finding prompts studies using repeated tDCS, in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions for treating patients with AD.