gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sigma Receptors Inhibit High-Voltage–Activated Calcium Channels in Rat Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Neurons (2002)

Studies on the expression and cellular function of sigma receptors in autonomic neurons were conducted in neonatal rat intracardiac and superior cervical (SCG) ganglia. Individual neurons from SCG and intracardiac ganglia were shown to express transcripts encoding the sigma-1 receptor using single-cell RT-PCR techniques. The relationship between sigma receptors and calcium channels was studied in isolated neurons of these ganglia under voltage-clamp mode using the perforated-patch configuration of the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. Bath application of sigma receptor agonists was shown to rapidly depress peak calcium channel currents in a reversible manner in both SCG and intracardiac ganglion neurons. The inhibition of barium (I(Ba)) currents was dose-dependent, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for haloperidol, ibogaine, (+)-pentazocine, and 1,3-Di-O-tolylguanidin (DTG) were 6, 31, 61, and 133 microM, respectively. The rank order potency of haloperidol > ibogaine > (+)-pentazocine > DTG is consistent with the effects on calcium channels being mediated by a sigma-2 receptor. Preincubation of neurons with the irreversible sigma receptor antagonist, metaphit, blocked DTG-mediated inhibition of Ca2+ channel currents. Maximum inhibition of calcium channel currents was > or =95%, suggesting that sigma receptors block all calcium channel subtypes found on the cell body of these neurons, which includes N-, L-, P/Q-, and R-type calcium channels. In addition to depressing peak Ca2+ channel current, sigma receptors altered the biophysical properties of these channels. Following sigma receptor activation, Ca2+ channel inactivation rate was accelerated, and the voltage dependence of both steady-state inactivation and activation shifted toward more negative potentials. Experiments on the signal transduction cascade coupling sigma receptors and Ca2+ channels demonstrated that neither cell dialysis nor intracellular application of 100 microM guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) trilithium salt (GDP-beta-S) abolished the modulation of I(Ba) by sigma receptor agonists. These data suggest that neither a diffusible cytosolic second messenger nor a G protein is involved in this pathway. Activation of sigma receptors on sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons is likely to modulate cell-to-cell signaling in autonomic ganglia and thus the regulation of cardiac function by the peripheral nervous system.
Characteristics of Wine Produced by Mushroom Fermentation (2001)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main microorganism used in wine brewing, because this microbe has potent ability to produce alcohol dehydrogenase. We have recently discovered that some genera of mushroom produced alcohol dehydrogenase, and made wine by using a mushroom in place of S. cerevisiae. The highest alcohol concentration in this wine was achieved with Pleurotus ostreatus (2.6 M, 12.2%). In the case of Agaricus blazei, the same alcohol concentration (1.7 M, 8%) was produced under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This wine produced by A. blazei contained about 0.68% beta-D-glucan, which is known to have a preventive effects against cancer. The wine made by using Flammulina velutipes showed thrombosis-preventing activity, giving a prolonged thrombin clotting time 2.2-fold that of the control. Thus, the wine made by using mushroom seems to be a functional food which can be expected to have preventive effects against cancer and thrombosis.
Effect of Annealing on Defects in As-Grown and γ-Ray Irradiated n-GaN Layers (1999)

γ-irradiation induced defects (60Co, dose of 3 × 1019 cm—2) in n-GaN epilayers with a carrier concentration of 1017 cm—3 (slightly doped) and 1018 cm—3 (heavily doped) grown by low-pressure MOCVD on (0001) sapphire substrates have been investigated. The γ-irradiation decreases the electron concentration (n) for the slightly doped epilayers, while it increases that for the heavily doped epilayers. At the same time, the γ-irradiation causes a decrease in the electron mobility (μ) for all epilayers. For heavily doped epilayers, the concentration increase continues during annealing at temperatures up to 250 °C and it has been associated with the activation of neutral complexes. Two electron traps with E = 0.155 eV and 0.95 eV appeared in the γ-irradiated slightly doped epilayers. The values of n and μ have restored their original values, which have been measured in the as-grown epilayers, after annealing at 550 °C.
Localization of Target-Site of the Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicide, S-23142, in Spinacia oleracea L. (1993)

Effects of S-23142 on protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) biosynthesis in chloroplasts isolated from Spinacia oleracea L. were examined using reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence monitoring. The synthesis of Proto IX was inhibited to a level of 50% by 10 -9 ᴍ of S-23142 in this system. The effects of S-23142 was also tested in chloroplasts isolated from two types of photomixotrophic tobacco cells, wild type and S-23142 tolerant cells. The biosynthesis of both the wild type cells and YZI-1 S cells were inhibited at 50% by 10 -9 ᴍ and 10 -7 ᴍ of S-23142, respectively. It is, therefore evident that the mutation in the tolerant cell is associated with the Protox. To investigate the localization of Proto IX biosynthesis and the target site of S-23142, spinach chloroplasts were osmotically broken and separated into stroma and membrane (thylakoid and envelope) fractions. A very active Proto IX synthesis from ALA was found in the stromal fraction, while no activity of Proto IX synthesis was observed in the membrane fraction. These results suggest that most Proto IX synthetic activity and a target-site of S-23142 exist in the stromal fraction.
Target Localization Based on Invariant Image Features (2017)

Distinctive invariant features from images are perform reliable to image scale and rotation, also applicable to change in 3D viewpoint, so it is widely used in image matching and target locating. This paper analyses the extracting theory and process of invariant features from images in detail, and presents a method that can be used to calculate transforming modulus between two images are according to invariant features, finally accomplishing the target locating, which exist in two images together. Simulation results indicate that the paper method have excellent performance in target locating, it is precision for target locating between two images based on invariant features from images.
Effects of Bisphosphonates on the Growth of<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>and<i>Plasmodium</i>Species in Vitro and in Vivo (2003)

The effects of a series of 102 bisphosphonates on the inhibition of growth of Entamoeba histolytica and Plasmodium falciparum in vitro have been determined, and selected compounds were further investigated for their in vivo activity. Forty-seven compounds tested were active (IC(50) < 200 microM) versus E. histolytica growth in vitro. The most active compounds (IC(50) approximately 4-9 microM) were nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates with relatively large aromatic side chains. Simple n-alkyl-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonates, known inhibitors of the enzyme farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) synthase, were also active, with optimal activity being found with C9-C10 side chains. However, numerous other nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates known to be potent FPP synthase inhibitors, such as risedronate or pamidronate, had little or no activity. Several pyridine-derived bisphosphonates were quite active (IC(50) approximately 10-20 microM), and this activity was shown to correlate with the basicity of the aromatic group, with activity decreasing with increasing pK(a) values. The activities of all compounds were tested versus a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) cell line to enable an estimate of the therapeutic index (TI). Five bisphosphonates were selected and then screened for their ability to delay the development of amebic liver abscess formation in an E. histolytica infected hamster model. Two compounds were found to decrease liver abscess formation at 10 mg/kg ip with little or no effect on normal liver mass. With P. falciparum, 35 compounds had IC(50) values <200 microM in an in vitro assay. The most active compounds were also simple n-alkyl-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonates, having IC(50) values around 1 microM. Five compounds were again selected for in vivo investigation in a Plasmodium berghei ANKA BALB/c mouse suppressive test. The most active compound, a C9 n-alkyl side chain containing bisphosphonate, caused an 80% reduction in parasitemia with no overt toxicity. Taken together, these results show that bisphosphonates appear to be useful lead compounds for the development of novel antiamebic and antimalarial drugs.
Delicate control of crystallographic facet-oriented Cu2O nanocrystals and the correlated adsorption ability (2009)

In this work, we demonstrate the systematic and delicate geometry control of Cu2O nanocrystals by taking advantage of the selective surface stabilization effect. A variety of Cu2O architectures, evolved from cubes through truncated cubes, cubooctahedrons, truncated octahedrons and finally to octahedrons, were achieved by simply adjusting the added PVP. Based on the understanding of the intrinsic structural features of the cuprite Cu2O and PVP, we elucidated the underlying shape evolution mechanism. The as-prepared products demonstrated a crystallography-dependent adsorption ability with methyl orange (MeO) as the pollutant. With the advantage of a low cost, high yield and straightforward procedure without pre-formed crystals as sacrificial templates, this method may provide a good starting point for the study of shape construction and morphology-dependent properties of other nanocrystals.
Pulse: Smokers are a dying breed (2003)

Recent data from the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey indicate that more than half of adult Canadians (54%) have never smoked, and another 24% are former smokers. By 2001, just 22% of Canadians age 15 or older were smokers, down from 24% in 2000 and 25% in 1999. Males were more likely than females to smoke (24% vs. 16%). For both males and females, the highest smoking rates were found in the 20-to-24 age group (35% and 29%, respectively), and the lowest rates were among those aged 55 or older (14% and 12%). At 26%, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island had the highest proportion of smokers, while British Columbia had the lowest (17%).

Canadian smokers consumed an average of 16.2 cigarettes per day in 2001. There were slight variations by age, with those aged 45 or older smoking an average of 17.4 cigarettes and those aged 15 to 19 smoking 12.9. Men tended to smoke more than women (17.1 per day vs. 15). 

Twenty-two percent of smokers light their first cigarette within 5 minutes of waking up, while 24% wait for at least an hour before reaching for one. Half of daily smokers had made no attempt to quit during the previous year, while 38% had tried to quit 1 to 3 times and 12% had made 4 or more attempts.

Smokers aged 45 and older were least likely to have attempted to quit in the past year (39%), while smokers aged 15 to 19 were most likely to have tried to kick the habit (68%). — Shelley Martin, Senior Analyst, CMA Research, Policy and Planning Directorate
Identifying a Transcription Factor's Regulatory Targets from its Binding Targets (2010)

ChIP-chip data, which shows binding of transcription factors (TFs) to promoter regions in vivo, are widely used by biologists to identify the regulatory targets of TFs. However, the binding of a TF to a gene does not necessarily imply regulation. Thus, it is important to develop computational methods which can extract a TF's regulatory targets from its binding targets. We developed a method, called REgulatory Targets Extraction Algorithm (RETEA), which uses partial correlation analysis on gene expression data to extract a TF's regulatory targets from its binding targets inferred from ChIP-chip data. We applied RETEA to yeast cell cycle microarray data and identified the plausible regulatory targets of eleven known cell cycle TFs. We validated our predictions by checking the enrichments for cell cycle-regulated genes, common cellular processes and common molecular functions. Finally, we showed that RETEA performs better than three published methods (MA-Network, TRIA and Garten et al's method).
<i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> Requires the <i>flp</i> Gene Cluster for Microcolony Formation In Vitro (2002)

Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of chancroid, has been shown to form microcolonies when cultured in the presence of human foreskin fibroblasts. We identified a 15-gene cluster in H. ducreyi that encoded predicted protein products with significant homology to those encoded by the tad (for tight adhesion) locus in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans that is involved in the production of fimbriae by this periodontal pathogen. The first three open reading frames in this H. ducreyi gene cluster encoded predicted proteins with a high degree of identity to the Flp (fimbria-like protein) encoded by the first open reading frame of the tad locus; this 15-gene cluster in H. ducreyi was designated flp. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the H. ducreyi flp gene cluster was likely to be a polycistronic operon. Mutations within the flp gene cluster resulted in an inability to form microcolonies in the presence of human foreskin fibroblasts. In addition, the same mutants were defective in the ability to attach to both plastic and human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. An H. ducreyi mutant with an inactivated tadA gene exhibited a small decrease in virulence in the temperature-dependent rabbit model for experimental chancroid, whereas another H. ducreyi mutant with inactivated flp-1 and flp-2 genes was as virulent as the wild-type parent strain. These results indicate that the flp gene cluster is essential for microcolony formation by H. ducreyi, whereas this phenotypic trait is not linked to the virulence potential of the pathogen, at least in this animal model of infection.
High‐Efficiency Solar Cell with Earth‐Abundant Liquid‐Processed Absorber (2010)

A composite liquid deposition approach merging the concepts of solution and particle-based coating for multinary chalcogenide materials is demonstrated. Photovoltaic absorbers based on earth-abundant Cu–Zn–Sn–S–Se kesterites show exceptional phase purity and are incorporated into solar cells with power conversion efficiency above 9.6%, bringing the state of the art of kesterite photovoltaic materials to a level suitable for possible commercialization.
INTRODUCTION (2010)

Augustine and Modernity is a fresh and challenging addition to current debates about the Augustinian origins of modern subjectivity and the Christian genesis of Western nihilism. It firmly rejects the dominant modern view that the modern Cartesian subject, as an archetype of Western nihilism, originates in Augustine's thought. Arguing that most contemporary interpretations misrepresent the complex philosophical relationship between Augustine and modern philosophy, particularly with regard to the work of Descartes, the book examines the much overlooked contribution of Stoicism to the genealogy of modernity, producing a scathing riposte to commonly-held versions of the 'continuity thesis'. Michael Hanby identifies the modern concept of will that emerges in Descartes' work as the product of a notion of self more proper to Stoic theories of immanence than to Augustine's own rigorous understandings of the Trinity, creation, self and will. Though Augustine's encounter with Stoicism ultimately resulted in much of his teaching being transferred to Descartes and other modern thinkers in an adulterated form, Hanby draws critical attention to Augustine's own disillusionment with Stoicism and his interrogation of Stoic philosophy in the name of Christ and the Trinity. Representing a new school of theology willing to engage critically with other disciplines and to challenge their authority, Augustine and Modernity offers a comprehensive new interpretation of De Trinitate and of Augustinian concepts of will and soul. Revealing how much of what is now thought of as 'Augustinian' in fact has its genealogy in Stoic asceticism, it interprets the modern nihilistic Cartesian subject not as a logical consequence of a true Christian Trinitarian theology, but rather of its perversion and abandonment.
Micromechanical electrostatic K-band switches (2002)

Two novel designs of micromechanical capacitive switches using serpentine and cantilever springs for low actuation voltage applications are reported. Both designs also incorporate an electrode situated above the switching structure in order to provide system stability. DC measurements indicate pull-in voltages of 14 and 16 V, with RF isolation of better than -30 dB up to 40 GHz.
Semaphorin 3<scp>C</scp> is involved in the progression of gastric cancer (2012)

Malignant tumors are often associated with denervation, suggesting the functional implication of axonal guidance molecules in tumor growth. Here, we assessed the role of semaphorin 3C (sema3C) in the progression of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry of human samples revealed that sema3C was strongly expressed in neoplastic cells, especially at the invasion front. Stable transfection of target sequences of sema3C miRNA did not affect the in vitro proliferative activity of human gastric cancer AZ-521 cells. However, when the tumor growth was examined in vivo using an orthotopic model in nude mice, primary stomach tumors as well as metastatic liver tumors were significantly suppressed by sema3C silencing with the reduction of microvessel density. Immunostaining of primary tumor indicated the rate of Ki-67 positive carcinoma cells was decreased, whereas that of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in sema3C-silenced tumor. In addition, capillary-like tubular formation was reduced by the addition of culture media of sema3C miRNA cells compared with the media of control miRNA cells. Semaphorin 3C is positively expressed in gastric cancer cells and may be involved in tumor progression, presumably through the stimulation of angiogenesis.
Hidden lattice instabilities as origin of the conductive interface between insulating LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 (2016)

Abstract The metallic interface between insulating LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3 opens up the field of oxide electronics. With more than a decade of researches on this heterostructure, the origin of the interfacial conductivity, however, remains unsettled. Here we resolve this long-standing puzzle by atomic-scale observation of electron-gas formation for screening hidden lattice instabilities, rejuvenated near the interface by epitaxial strain. Using atomic-resolution imaging and electron spectroscopy, the generally accepted notions of polar catastrophe and cation intermixing for the metallic interface are discounted. Instead, the conductivity onset at the critical thickness of 4-unit cell LaAlO 3 on SrTiO 3 substrate is accompanied with head-to-head ferroelectric-like polarizations across the interface due to strain-rejuvenated ferroelectric-like instabilities in the materials. The divergent depolarization fields of the head-to-head polarizations cast the interface into an electron reservoir, forming screening electron gas in SrTiO 3 with LaAlO 3 hosting complementary localized holes. The ferroelectric-like polarizations and electron–hole juxtaposition reveal the cooperative nature of metallic LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 .
InvBIs a Type III Secretion-Associated Chaperone for the<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Effector ProteinSopE (2003)

SopE is a bacteriophage-encoded effector protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium that is translocated into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells by a type III secretion system (TTSS) (W.-D. Hardt, H. Urlaub, and J. E. Galán, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:2574-2579, 1998; M. W. Wood, R. Rosqvist, P. B. Mullan, M. H. Edwards, and E. E. Galyov, Mol. Microbiol. 22:327-338, 1996). In this study, we provide evidence that an unlinked gene carried within the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1), invB (K. Eichelberg, C. Ginocchio, and J. E. Galán, J. Bacteriol. 176:4501-4510, 1994), is required for the secretion of SopE through the SPI-1 TTSS. Furthermore, far-Western blotting analysis shows that SopE directly interacts with InvB through a domain located at its amino terminus. We conclude that InvB is the TTSS-associated chaperone for SopE.
A 128 × 128 pixel 120 dB dynamic range vision sensor chip for image contrast and orientation extraction (2003)

This vision sensor outputs luminance, contrast magnitude and contrast orientation of image features for surveillance and automotive applications. The sensor produces a contrast representation with a dynamic range of 120 dB and a sensitivity of 2%. The chip is fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m 3M 2P process and dissipates 300 mW at 3.3 V.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of equine conceptuses at 14 and 16 days of gestation (2010)

The present study gives a detailed ultrastructural description of equine conceptuses at Day 14 (n = 2) and Day 16 (n = 3) after ovulation. Whereas on Day 14 only primitive structures were seen, on Day 16 neurulation and formation of mesodermal somites had taken place. The ectoderm of the embryo itself and the surrounding trophoblast ectodermal cells were characterised by specific cell surface differentiations. At the embryonic ectodermal cell surface (14 and 16 days) remarkable protruded and fused cytoplasmic projections were seen, typically associated with macropinocytotic events involved in macromolecule and fluid uptake. This finding adds an important point to the expansion mode of the hypotone equine conceptus, which is characterised by 'uphill' fluid uptake. Numerous microvilli and coated endocytotic pits at the apical trophoblast membrane emphasised its absorptive character. Endodermal cells were arranged loosely with only apically located cellular junctions leaving large intercellular compartments. At the border of the embryonic disc apoptotic cells were regularly observed indicating high remodelling activities in this area. Conspicuous blister-like structures between ectoderm and mesoderm were seen in the trilaminar part of Day-14 and -16 conceptuses. These were strictly circumscribed despite not being sealed by cellular junctions between germinal layers. It is possible that these blisters are involved in embryo positioning; however, further studies are needed to verify this.
Atrial Fibrillation detection using time-varying coherence function and Shannon Entropy (2011)

We introduce a novel method for automatic detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) using time-varying coherence functions (TVCF) and Shannon Entropy (SE). The TVCF is estimated by the multiplication of two time-varying transfer functions (TVTFs). Two TVTFs are obtained using two adjacent data segments with one data segment as the input signal and the other data segment as the output to produce the first TVTF; the second TVTF is produced by reversing the input and output signals. The detection algorithm was tested on RR interval time series derived from two databases: the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and the MIT-BIH normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The MIT-BIH database contains a variety of short and long AF beats from 25 subjects and the MIT-BIH NSR database consists of only normal sinus rhythms from 18 subjects. Using the receiver operating characteristic curves from the combination of TVCF and SE, we obtained the accuracy of 97.49%, sensitivity of 97.41% and specificity of 97.54% for the MIT-BIH AF database. Furthermore, the specificity of the MIT-BIH NSR database was 100%.