gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of the Decomposition of N-Nitroso- and N-Amino-α,α'-dimethyldibenzylamine<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the Decomposition of N-Nitroso- and N-Amino-α,α'-dimethyldibenzylamine1C. G. Overberger, N. P. Marullo, and R. G. HiskeyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 6, 1374–1378Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01467a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01467a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views673Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Economic Approach to the Regulation of Direct Marketing (2006)

The growing ubiquity of electronic media and the almost total absence of cost in mass distributions of direct marketing have exacerbated the problem of the increasing intrusion of direct marketing into the privacy of citizens. The Author proposes utilization of a microeconomic social welfare analysis to guide policymakers in determining what forms of direct media should be regulated and what the most effective forms of regulation are likely to be. Sending and receiving costs provide the key factors in determining the extent of the "welfare-reducing marketing" and "marketing aversions," but the Author points to a number of other factors as well, including impact on third parties, impact of economic and technological factors, and changes in volume and targeting in traditional channels. The Author's analysis suggests that increasing the receiver's ability to process information by imposing labeling requirements on distributors could increase welfare without having to resort to the more sweeping and inefficient opt-in or opt-out programs. Many of these solutions can be effectuated by industry and, thus, do not necessarily require government intervention. In the absence of effective industry-based solutions, the Author contends that a complete ban on direct marketing may be required in the electronic media in particular.
Effect of Zone-Refining Variables on the Segregation of Impurities in Indium-Antimonide (1956)

Upon zone‐refining indium‐antimonide, ultimate concentrations of two slowly segregating impurities are approached. The most slowly segregating impurity, identified as tellurium, was found to be n‐type which lowers the melting point of indium‐antimonide. The second most slowly segregating impurity, identified as zinc, was shown to be p‐type which raises the melting point of indium‐antimonide. Both impurities originated in the indium. Electrorefining is an effective technique for removal of zinc from indium. Zone‐refining is an effective technique for removal of tellurium from indium. There are no indications that deviations from stoichiometry prevent the attainment of extrinsic carrier concentrations below 1014/cm3 in indium‐antimonide.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes for plasmid delivery into Escherichia coli cells (2005)

Introduction of foreign genes into bacterial cells (transformation) is used for supplementing defective genes or providing additional biological functions. Transformation can be achieved using either chemical or physical methods, e.g., electroporation. Bulk electroporation offers several advantages over chemical methods, including high transformation efficiency, but its application is limited due to the high numbers of cells and plasmids needed as a result of the high death rate of cells during this process, and the difficulty in electroporating single cells. Synthetic inorganic gene nanocarriers have received limited attention in the transformation of bacterial cells. Here we present a plasmid delivery system based on water dispersible multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that can simultaneously target the bacterial surface and deliver the plasmids into the cells via temporary nanochannels across the cell envelope. Transformation experiments performed on E. coli provide evidence for the high potential of CNTs for nanoscale cell electroporation.
Production of Powder Metallurgy Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels (2015)

Abstract This article briefly reviews the production methods and characteristics of plain carbon and low-alloy water-atomized iron and steel powders, high-porosity iron powder, carbonyl iron powder, and electrolytic iron powder. It emphasizes on atomized powders, because they are the most widely used materials for ferrous powder metallurgy. The article provides information on the properties and applications of these powders. It also includes an overview of diffusion alloying, basics of admixing, and bonded premixes.
Drug utilisation evaluation of parenteral proton pump inhibitors (2004)

Current evidence supports parenteral infusion of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers and such treatment seems reasonable where there is active bleeding or visible vessel on endoscopy. Parenteral boluses of PPI can be used in patients nil by mouth who cannot tolerate oral therapy. We sought to examine the appropriateness of parenteral PPI use. Drug utilisation evaluation was performed on 94 patients admitted to a 500 bed metropolitan hospital. 39 patients received continuous parenteral infusion of omeprazole (8 mg/ h) over a mean of 60 ± 29 h. 55 patients had parenteral boluses (40 mg bd) of omeprazole over a mean of 5 ± 4 days. Indications for PPI infusion (n = 39) were: major haemorrhage requiring transfusion (23), minor haemorrhage (8), dyspepsia (4) and others (4). 31 of the 39 patients on PPI infusion had upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. PPI infusion was commenced prior to endoscopy in 26 (84%) patients. 13 patients (33%) had active bleeding or visible non bleeding vessels at endoscopy. Only 11 patients (28%) had endoscopically treated peptic ulcers. Indications for parenteral PPI boluses (n = 55) included patients nil by mouth unable to take maintenance PPI orally (21), minor haemorrhage (8), peptic ulcer prophylaxis in seriously unwell (6), major haemorrhage (4), dyspepsia (2), postoprative period following peptic ulcer surgery (2) and others (12). Endoscopy was performed in 10 patients (18%) with only 1 endoscopically treated peptic ulcer. Our data suggest significant inappropriate use of parenteral PPI, which may be used for minor GI bleeding and dyspepsia and are typically commenced prior to endoscopy. These findings can explain the costly hospital expenditure on PPI.
The assessment of faecal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by a simplified bacteriological technique (1991)

A semi-quantitative bacteriological method was used to study faecal flora in 42 patients with Crohn's disease, 37 with ulcerative colitis and 21 healthy controls. Faecal homogenates were plated on primary isolation plates by a technique that allowed the growth of various microbial isolates to be assessed on a visual 1(+)-5+ score. This method was first calibrated against a standard quantitative bacteriological technique, which confirmed the reliability and reproducibility of the results obtained by the simpler method. Patients with clinically active Crohn's disease (22) had significantly higher total aerobe scores than patients with quiescent disease (20) (p less than or equal to 0.006) or ulcerative colitis (p less than or equal to 0.04) or normal controls (p less than or equal to 0.02). The scores of Escherichia coli were parallel to those of total aerobes. Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria scores were significantly reduced in patients with Crohn's disease compared to those with ulcerative colitis and controls. The anaerobic flora in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was indistinguishable from that of controls. Bacteroides vulgatus and B. fragilis were the predominant bacteroides in all groups. Patients with ulcerative colitis, regardless of disease activity, harboured faecal flora that did not differ from that of normal controls. The abnormal faecal flora in Crohn's disease did not correlate with established clinical and laboratory indicators of disease activity.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Wood-Derived Biopolymers: A Review Focused on Biomedical Applications (2018)

Wood-derived biopolymers have attracted great attention over the past few decades due to their abundant and versatile properties. The well-separated three main components, i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, are considered significant candidates for replacing and improving on oil-based chemicals and materials. The production of nanocellulose from wood pulp opens an opportunity for novel material development and applications in nanotechnology. Currently, increased research efforts are focused on developing 3D printing techniques for wood-derived biopolymers for use in emerging application areas, including as biomaterials for various biomedical applications and as novel composite materials for electronics and energy devices. This Review highlights recent work on emerging applications of wood-derived biopolymers and their advanced composites with a specific focus on customized pharmaceutical products and advanced functional biomedical devices prepared via three-dimensional printing. Specifically, various biofabrication strategies in which woody biopolymers are used to fabricate customized drug delivery devices, cartilage implants, tissue engineering scaffolds and items for other biomedical applications are discussed.
Reviews: A Critical Review of Studies on Vitamin D in Relation to Colorectal Cancer (2004)

Vitamin D intake has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of several types of cancer. Vitamin D and its analogues have demonstrated anticancer activity in vitro and in animal models. However, the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to dietary vitamin D remains controversial. A literature search was performed for articles on epidemiologic studies of vitamin D and colorectal cancer and the mechanisms involved. Studies that combine multiple sources of vitamin D or examine serum 25(OH)D3 usually find that above-average vitamin D intake and serum metabolite concentrations are associated with significantly reduced incidence of colorectal cancer. A number of mechanisms have been identified through which vitamin D may reduce the risk of colorectal and several other types of cancer. Although studies that include vitamin D from all sources or serum 25(OH)D3 usually show significantly reduced incidence of colorectal cancer in association with vitamin D, analyses limited to dietary vitamin D tend to have mixed results. The likely reason that dietary vitamin D is not a significant risk reduction factor for colorectal cancer in many studies is that dietary sources provide only a portion of total vitamin D, with supplements and synthesis of vitamin D in the skin in association with solar UV-B radiation providing the balance. There is strong evidence from several different lines of investigation supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanisms and develop guidelines for optimal vitamin D sources and serum levels of vitamin D metabolites.
[Surgical treatment of purulent necrotic complications in patients with diabetic foot syndrome]. (2001)

Results of treatment of 207 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of the diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) were analyzed. Tactics of treatment was determined considering the DFS form presented, stage of the extremity ischemia, character and severity of purulent-inflammatory affection and the patient's homeostasis state. Urgent operation was performed in 79 (38.1%) patients, in 38 (48.1%) of them--amputation of extremity. In late follow-up period 98 (47.3%) patients were operated on, in 76 (75.5%) of them necrectomy or small amputation was performed, allowing to preserve the extremity. Conservative treatment was conducted in 30 (14.5%) patients with trophic ulcers. Application of elaborated program of treatment had permitted to increase the preservation frequency of supporting function of foot from 28.9 to 56.3% and to reduce general lethality from 18.3 to 13.5%.
Dye-Catalyzed Photoinactivation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Ribonucleic Acid<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDye-Catalyzed Photoinactivation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Ribonucleic Acid*B. Singer and H. Eraenkel-ConratCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 7, 2446–2450Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00871a039https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00871a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sound transformations based on the SMS high level attributes (1998)

Comunicació presentada a la International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx), celebrada els dies 19 a 21 de novembre de 1998 a Barcelona, Espanya.
Undelayed initialization in bearing only SLAM (2005)

Most solutions to the SLAM problem in robotics have utilised range and beating sensors as the provided perception data is easy to incorporate, allowing immediate landmark initialization. This is not the case when using bearing-only information because the distance to the perceived landmarks is not directly provided. A whole estimate of a landmark position is only possible via a set of measurements taken from different points of view. The vast majority of contributions to this problem perform a parallel task to get this estimate, and hence the landmark initialization is delayed. We give a new insight to the problem and present a method to avoid this delay by initializing the whole ray that defines the direction of the landmark. We utilize a minimal and computationally efficient form to represent this ray and a new strategy for the subsequent updates. Simulations have been carried out to validate the proposed algorithms.
Tumor‐induced changes in the phenotype of blood‐derived and tumor‐associated T cells of early stage breast cancer patients (2011)

Tumor-induced immune suppression has mainly been studied in patients with advanced cancer. Despite the fact that they are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy, patients with early stage cancers were under-represented in these studies. We analyzed blood and tumor-derived T cells from patients with stage 1 (n = 20), stage 2 (n = 23) or stage 3 (n = 1) breast cancer and found that, even early stage tumors induced T cell differentiation. Breast cancer patients had significantly more circulating CD8+ memory and fewer CD8+ naïve T cells than healthy controls (n = 10). Up-regulation of CD69 and PD1 on cancer patient T cells suggests previous activation, and increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD8+ T cells indicates that their homing capacity differs from that of healthy individuals. Comparison of blood-derived and tumor-associated T cells from patients with different metastatic status and tumor grades revealed that tumor progression and aggressiveness seem to favor the expansion of memory T cells over naive T cells. We have previously shown that immunosuppression in this patient population is stronger in the tumor than in the blood. Here, we report signs of exhaustion, such as loss of CD28, on tumor-associated as compared to blood-derived CD8+ T cells, despite the fact that tumor-associated T cells are predominantly effector memory cells and express high levels of CD69. The finding that the presence of a tumor potentially induces immunosenescence early during tumorigenesis indicates that efficient immunotherapy might be difficult even in patients with early stage cancer due to T cell exhaustion and tolerance.
The occurrence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in polymicrobial infections. (1995)

Polymicrobial aerobic/anaerobic bacterial infections occur frequently and have been documented in most anatomic sites in the body. The etiology of these infections is endogenous in that the normal microbial flora that colonize the various mucosal surfaces of the body can be isolated from these infections after trauma to these membranes allowing these organisms access to normally sterile sites. Subsequently, the organisms begin to proliferate, causing extensive tissue damage. These infections may spread to adjacent tissues or become loculated with abscess formation. In patients judged to have severe infection, surgery is often needed to debride the advancing spread of the infection, remove loculated pus, and reestablish sufficient blood flow to deliver appropriate antimicrobial agents to the infected site. Choice of antimicrobial agents should include agents with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. Although a variety of anaerobes can be isolated from these infections, the Bacteroides fragilis group is the most clinically important group of anaerobes because of the production of virulence factors and the high incidence of beta-lactamase production. Against the various B. fragilis group species, metronidazole remains a very active agent, whereas resistance rates to clindamycin are high among the non-B. fragilis species. Because of the good activity of many cephalosporin/cephamycin agents against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and moderate to good activity against anaerobes, these compounds remain as broad-spectrum choices for use in therapy of mixed infections. The addition of beta-lactamase inhibitors (tazobactam, sulbactam, or clavulanate) to various beta-lactam agents has increased their antimicrobial spectrum against certain groups of aerobes, and particularly against beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes, including the B. fragilis group. The choice of single-agent therapy of mixed infections is ideally based on local data of susceptibility patterns of the various aerobes and anaerobes involved in these infections.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring during Exercise in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (2010)

The patients with type 1 diabetes exhibit the expected wide variability in glucose profiles before, during, and after physical exercise. Use of continuous glucose monitoring allows handling of this situation without running into the risk of acute metabolic deteriorations.
RGD-avidin–biotin pretargeting to αvβ3 integrin enhances the proapoptotic activity of TNFα related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) (2007)

Recombinant TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered a powerful and selective inducer of tumor cell death. We hypothesize that TRAIL's potential as anticancer agent can be enhanced further by promoting its accumulation in tumor tissue. For this purpose, we developed TRAIL complexes that bind to angiogenic endothelial cells. We employed an avidin-biotin pretargeting approach, in which biotinylated TRAIL interacted with RGD-equipped avidin. The assembled complexes killed tumor cells (Jurkat T cells) via apoptosis induction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the association of the RGD-avidin-TRAIL complex onto endothelial cells enhanced the tumor cell killing activity. Endothelial cells were not killed by TRAIL nor its derived complexes. Our approach can facilitate the enrichment of TRAIL onto angiogenic blood vessels, which may enhance intratumoral accumulation. Furthermore, it offers a versatile technology for the complexation of targeting ligands with therapeutic recombinant proteins and by this a novel way to enhance their specificity and activity.
Toward epitaxially grown two-dimensional crystal hetero-structures: Single and double MoS2/graphene hetero-structures by chemical vapor depositions (2014)

Uniform large-size MoS2/graphene hetero-structures fabricated directly on sapphire substrates are demonstrated with layer-number controllability by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images provide the direct evidences of layer numbers of MoS2/graphene hetero-structures. Photo-excited electron induced Fermi level shift of the graphene channel are observed on the single MoS2/graphene hetero-structure transistors. Furthermore, double hetero-structures of graphene/MoS2/graphene are achieved by CVD fabrication of graphene layers on top of the MoS2, as confirmed by the cross-sectional HRTEM. These results have paved the possibility of epitaxially grown multi-hetero-structures for practical applications.
DNA methylation patterns in blood of patients with colorectal cancer and adenomatous colorectal polyps (2011)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are currently suboptimal. Blood-based screening could improve rates of earlier detection for CRC and adenomatous colorectal polyps. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of plasma-based detection of early CRC and adenomatous polyps using array-mediated analysis methylation profiling of 56 genes implicated in carcinogenesis. Methylation of 56 genes in patients with Stages I and II CRC (N=30) and those with adenomatous polyps (N=30) were compared with individuals who underwent colonoscopy and were found to have neither adenomatous changes nor CRC. Composite biomarkers were developed for adenomatous polyps and CRC, and their sensitivity and specificity was estimated using five-fold cross validation. Six promoters (CYCD2, HIC1, PAX 5, RASSF1A, RB1 and SRBC) were selected for the biomarker, which differentiated CRC patients and controls with 84% sensitivity and 68% specificity. Three promoters (HIC1, MDG1 and RASSF1A) were selected for the biomarker, which differentiated patients with adenomatous polyps and controls with sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 65%. Methylation profiling of plasma DNA can detect early CRC with significant accuracy and shows promise as a methodology to develop biomarkers for CRC screening.