gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Evaluation of the Shinyei PPD42NS Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensor (2015)

When paired with prior evaluation, these sensors are appropriate for use as ambient particle counters for low and medium concentrations of respirable particles (< 100 ug/m3). Multiple sensors deployed over a spatial grid would provide valuable spatio-temporal variability in PM2.5 and could be used to validate exposure models. When paired with GPS tracking, these devices have the potential to provide time and space resolved exposure measurements for a large number of participants, thus increasing the power of a study.
Reaction of Benzyne with Formamides and Acetylimidazole (2011)

Abstract The reaction of DMF with o-trimethylsilylphenyl triflate in the presence of CsF afforded dimethyldiphenylammonium triflate, xanthene, and xanthone in 62%, 16%, and 24% yields, respectively. On the other hand, the reaction of dimethylthioformamide with triflate and CsF resulted in diphenyl sulfide, xanthene, and xanthone in 62%, 10%, and 12% yields, respectively. The reaction of acetylimidazole with benzyne gave 9-N,N-diphenylaminoanthracene in 85% yield.
Social and Psychologic Aspects of Coronary Heart Disease in Women. (1998)

This literature review examines the association of social and psychologic characteristics among women with a) the risk of developing coronary heart disease and b) prognosis and recovery after disease has become manifest. Studies of psychosocial risk factors are often conflicting. These divergent findings can result from different study designs, the use of different measures and scales, or the study of different populations. This review attempts to draw conclusions from the existing literature and indicate where there are needs for additional research.
From Audio to Semantics: Approaches to End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding (2018)

Conventional spoken language understanding systems consist of two main components: an automatic speech recognition module that converts audio to a transcript, and a natural language understanding module that transforms the resulting text (or top N hypotheses) into a set of domains, intents, and arguments. These modules are typically optimized independently. In this paper, we formulate audio to semantic understanding as a sequence-to-sequence problem [1]. We propose and compare various encoder-decoder based approaches that optimize both modules jointly, in an end-to-end manner. Evaluations on a real-world task show that 1) having an intermediate text representation is crucial for the quality of the predicted semantics, especially the intent arguments and 2) jointly optimizing the full system improves overall accuracy of prediction. Compared to independently trained models, our best jointly trained model achieves similar domain and intent prediction F1 scores, but improves argument word error rate by 18% relative.
Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against second-line drugs using the Bactec MGIT 960 System. (2008)

The Bactec MGIT 960 System is an accurate and reliable method for rapid drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against second-line drugs. In the present study, few of the strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones and further DST for this group is required.
The prognosis and main prognostic indicators of Guillain-Barré syndrome A multicentre prospective study of 297 patients (1996)

To assess the prognosis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome and identify the main prognostic indicators, 297 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome recruited through a network of Italian centres were followed up for 24 months or until clinical recovery, whichever was earliest. For each patient the time to plateau, improvement, clinical recovery, or death was calculated, and prognostic indicators (age, sex, antecedent events, disability at admission and nadir, electrophysiological patterns) and treatments were noted. The mean duration of follow-up was 309 days. During this period, 212 patients (71%) recovered, 48 (16%) had residua and 33 (11%) died. The mean times to nadir, improvement and clinical recovery were 12, 28 and 200 days. Using life-tables and survival curves, the cumulative probability of achieving the plateau of symptoms was 73% by 1 week and 98% by 4 weeks. Improvement started during the first week in 36% of cases and within 4 weeks in 85%. The rates of clinical recovery at 1 and 4 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months were 4, 24, 57, 70 and 82%, respectively. The chance of recovery was significantly affected by age, antecedent gastroenteritis, disability, electrophysiological signs of axonopathy, latency to nadir and duration of active disease. The main treatments did not seem to affect the chance of recovery
CD4+ T Cells from Lupus-Prone Mice Avoid Antigen-Specific Tolerance Induction In Vivo (2003)

Activated T cells in spontaneous lupus presumably bypass normal tolerance mechanisms in the periphery, since thymic tolerance appears intact. To determine whether such T cells indeed avoid in vivo peripheral tolerance mechanisms, we assessed their activation and recall responses after in vivo Ag stimulation in the absence of exogenously supplied costimulatory signals. Naive CD4(+) AND (transgenic mice bearing rearranged TCR specific for pigeon cytochrome c, peptides 88-104) TCR-transgenic T cells, specific for pigeon cytochrome c, from lupus-prone Fas-intact MRL/Mp+(Fas-lpr) and from H-2(k)-matched control CBA/CaJ and B10.BR mice (MRL.AND, CBA.AND, and B10.AND, respectively) were adoptively transferred into (MRL x CBA)F(1) or (MRL x B10)F(1) recipients transgenically expressing membrane-bound pigeon cytochrome c as a self-Ag. MRL.AND and control CBA.AND and B10.AND-transgenic T cells were activated and divided after transfer, indicating encounter with their cognate Ag; however, T cells from CBA.AND and B10.AND mice were impaired in their ability to proliferate and produce IL-2 after challenge with pigeon cytochrome c in ex vivo recall assays, a typical phenotype of anergized cells. By contrast, MRL.AND T cells proliferated more, and a significantly higher percentage of such cells produced IL-2, compared with control T cells. This observation that MRL T cells avoided anergy induction in vivo was confirmed in an in vitro system where the cells were stimulated with an anti-CD3 in the absence of a costimulatory signal. These experiments provide direct evidence that CD4(+) T cells from Fas-intact lupus-prone MRL mice are more resistant than nonautoimmune control cells to anergy induction. Anergy avoidance in the periphery might contribute to the characteristic finding in lupus of inappropriate T cell activation in response to ubiquitous self-Ags.
LD2SD: Linked Data Driven Software Development (2009)

In this paper we introduce Linked Data Driven Software Development (LD2SD), a light-weight Semantic Web methodology to turn software artefacts such as data from version control systems, bug tracking tools and source code into linked data. Once available as linked data, the related information from different sources is made explicit, allowing for a uniform query and integration. We show the application of LD2SD using a real-world software project as the reference dataset and discuss the added value of LD2SD compared to existing technologies.
Optimization of the transmitter-receiver separation in the ground-penetrating radar (2003)

The finite-difference time-domain method is applied to simulate three-dimensional subsurface-scattering problems, involving a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) model consisting of two transmitters and a receiver. The receiving antenna is located in the middle of the two identical transmitters, which are fed 180/spl deg/ out of phase. This configuration implies the existence of a symmetry plane in the middle of two transmitters and the cancellation of the direct signals coupled from the transmitters at the receiver location. The antenna polarizations and their separations are arbitrary. The transmitter-receiver-transmitter configured GPR model is optimized in terms of the scattered energy observed at the receiver by varying the antenna separation. Many simulation results are used to demonstrate the effects of the antenna separation and the optimal separation encountered for a specific target and GPR scenario.
Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Offshore Sediments (2009)

The battle to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent the most dangerous consequences of climate change will be waged across multiple fronts, including efforts to increase energy efficiency; efforts to deploy nonfossil fuel sources, including renewable and nuclear energy; and investment in adaptation to reduce the impacts of the climate change that will occur regardless of the actions we take. But with more than 80% of the world's energy coming from fossil fuel, winning the battle also requires capturing CO2 from large stationary sources and storing that CO2 in geologic repositories. Offshore geological repositories have received relatively little attention as potential CO2 storage sites, despite their having a number of important advantages over onshore sites, and should be considered more closely.
Membrane Cholesterol: a Crucial Molecule Affecting Interactions of Microbial Pathogens with Mammalian Cells (2005)

Cholesterol, which is required for viability and cell proliferation, is a major sterol of mammalian cells. More than 90% of cellular cholesterol is located at the plasma membrane. Several microorganisms and bacterial products target lipid rafts, membrane microdomains of eukaryotic cells enriched in
Cytokine and Antibody Responses in Gnotobiotic Pigs after Infection with Human Norovirus Genogroup II.4 (HS66 Strain) (2007)

A human norovirus genogroup II.4 strain HS66 (HuNoV-HS66) infects and causes mild diarrhea in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs (S. Cheetham, M. Souza, T. Meulia, S. Grimes, M. G. Han, and L. J. Saif, J. Virol. 80:10372-10381, 2006). In this study we evaluated systemic and intestinal humoral and cellular immune responses to HuNoV-HS66 in orally inoculated pigs. Antibodies and type I interferon (IFN-I or IFN-alpha), proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma), Th2 (IL-4), and Th2/regulatory T ([T(reg)] IL-10) cytokine profiles in serum and intestinal contents (IC) of the HuNoV-HS66-inoculated pigs and controls were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at selected postinoculation days (0 to 28). Using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we evaluated immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and cytokine-secreting cells (CSC) in intestine, spleen, and blood. In the HuNoV-inoculated pigs, antibody titers in serum and IC were generally low, and 65% seroconverted. Pigs with higher diarrhea scores were more likely to seroconvert and developed higher intestinal IgA and IgG antibody titers. The numbers of IgA and IgG ASC were higher systemically than in the gut. In serum, HuNoV induced persistently higher Th1 (low transient IFN-gamma and high IL-12) than the other cytokines, but also low Th2 (IL-4) and Th2/T(reg) (IL-10) levels; low, transient proinflammatory (IL-6) cytokines; and, notably, a delayed IFN-alpha response. In contrast, intestinal innate (IFN-alpha early and late) and Th1 (IL-12 late) cytokines were significantly elevated postinfection. HuNoV-HS66 also elicited higher numbers of Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) CSC than Th2 (IL-4) and proinflammatory (IL-6) CSC, with the latter responses low in blood and intestine, reflecting low intestinal inflammation in the absence of gut lesions. These data provide insights into the kinetics of cytokine secretion in serum and IC of HuNoV-inoculated Gn pigs and new information on intestinal humoral and cellular immune responses to HuNoV that are difficult to assess in human volunteers.
Mechanism of Anti‐tumor Effect of Combination of Bleomycin and Shock Waves (2000)

We have previously reported marked enhancement of the cytocidal effect of bleomycin (BLM) on cancer cell suspensions in vitro by the combination with shock waves. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effects on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis in solid tumors. A spherical piezo-ceramic element was used as the shock wave source, with a pressure peak of 40 MPa. A human colon cancer cell line, SW480 was implanted onto the back of nude mice. Two thousand shock waves were administered to the tumor immediately following an intravenous injection of BLM at a dose of one-tenth of the LD(50). The tumor was extirpated at 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 h and 1 week following shock exposure. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by Ki-67 using antibody MIB-1 and by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The lowest percentage (35.7%) of Ki-67-positive cells appeared 24 h following the treatment. The maximum apoptotic index was detected within 6 h following the treatment. Moreover, numerous large cells with enlarged nuclei were detected histologically. These results suggest that shock waves may enhance chemotherapeutic effects by increasing apoptosis and decreasing cell proliferation in the tumor tissue.
Researchers Aim to Stop Tumor Growth by Shutting Off Cancer’s Fuel Supply (2010)

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Radiocarbon Dating Using Electrostatic Accelerators: Negative Ions Provide the Key (1977)

Mass spectrometric methods have long been suggested as ways of measuring (14)C/(12)C ratios for carbon dating. One problem has been to distinguish between (14)N and (14)C. With negative ions and a tandem electrostatic accelerator, the (14)N background is virtually absent and fewer than three (14)C atoms in 10(16) atoms of (12)C have been easily measured.
Strain-specified characteristics of mouse synthetic prions (2005)

Synthetic prions were produced in our laboratory by using recombinant mouse prion protein (MoPrP) composed of residues 89-230. The first mouse synthetic prion strain (MoSP1) was inoculated into transgenic (Tg) 9949 mice expressing N-terminally truncated MoPrP(Delta23-88) and WT FVB mice expressing full-length MoPrP. On first and second passage in Tg9949 mice, MoSP1 prions caused disease in 516 +/- 27 and 258 +/- 25 days, respectively; numerous, large vacuoles were found in the brainstem and gray matter of the cerebellum. MoSP1 prions passaged in Tg9949 mice were inoculated into FVB mice; on first and second passage, the FVB mice exhibited incubation times of 154 +/- 4 and 130 +/- 3 days, respectively. In FVB mice, vacuolation was less intense but more widely distributed, with numerous lesions in the hippocampus and cerebellar white matter. This constellation of widespread neuropatho-logic changes was similar to that found in FVB mice inoculated with Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) prions, a strain derived from a sheep with scrapie. Conformational stability studies showed that the half-maximal GdnHCl (Gdn1/2) concentration for denaturation of MoSP1 prions passaged in Tg9949 mice was approximately 4.2 M; passage in FVB mice reduced the Gdn1/2 value to approximately 1.7 M. RML prions passaged in either Tg9949 or FVB mice exhibited Gdn1/2 values of approximately 1.8 M. The incubation times, neuropathological lesion profiles, and Gdn1/2 values indicate that MoSP1 prions differ from RML and many other prion strains derived from sheep with scrapie and cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Brillouin Lasing with a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>CaF</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator (2009)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering with both pump and Stokes beams in resonance with whispering gallery modes of an ultrahigh Q calcium fluoride resonator is demonstrated for the first time. The resonator is pumped with 1064 nm light and has 3 muW Brillouin lasing threshold. The scattering is observed due to the unique morphology of the resonator reducing the phase mismatch between the optical modes and the hypersound wave.
One Joule Per Pulse, 100 Watt, Diode-Pumped, Near Diffraction Limited, Phase Conjugated, Nd:YAG Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (1993)

We have assembled and tested a diode-pumped, phase conjugated Nd:YAG master oscillator power amplifier (PC MOPA) operating at an average power of 100 Watts. 1 J per pulse has been extracted at a repetition rate of 100 Hz with a beam quality (BQ) of 1.1 x diffraction limited (D.L.). This combination of average power and beam quality makes this the brightest short pulse solid-state laser reported to date. The optical efficiency of 22% and the overall efficiency of 9.4% also represent record performance for high energy short pulse lasers. Excellent spatial uniformity and a pulse length of 7 ns make this laser ideal for frequency doubling and parametric conversion.
Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with CO<sub>2</sub> by Using Intramolecular Dinuclear Zinc Catalysts (2005)

The intramolecular dinuclear zinc complexes generated in situ from the reaction of multidentate semi-azacrown ether ligands with Et(2)Zn, followed by treatment with an alcohol additive, were found to promote the copolymerization of CO(2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with completely alternating polycarbonate selectivity and high efficiency. With this type of novel initiator, the copolymerization could be accomplished under mild conditions at 1 atm pressure of CO(2), which represents a significant advantage over most catalytic systems developed for this reaction so far. The copolymerization reaction was demonstrated to be a living process as a result of the narrow polydispersities and the linear increase in the molecular weight with conversion of CHO. In addition, the solid-state structure of the dinuclear zinc complex was characterized by X-ray crystal structural analysis and can be considered as a model of the active catalyst. On the basis of the various efforts made to understand the mechanisms of the catalytic reaction, including MALDI-TOF mass analysis of the copolymers' end-groups, the effect of alcohol additives on the catalysis and CO(2) pressure on the conversion of CHO, as well as the kinetic data gained from in situ IR spectroscopy, a plausible catalytic cycle for the present reaction system is outlined. The copolymerization is initiated by the insertion of CO(2) into the Zn--OEt bond to afford a carbonate-ester-bridged complex. The dinuclear zinc structure of the catalyst remains intact throughout the copolymerization. The bridged zinc centers may have a synergistic effect on the copolymerization reaction; one zinc center could activate the epoxide through its coordination and the second zinc atom may be responsible for carbonate propagation by nucleophilic attack by the carbonate ester on the back side of the cis-epoxide ring to afford the carbonate. The mechanistic implication of this is particularly important for future research into the design of efficient and practical catalysts for the copolymerization of epoxides with CO(2.).
THE ZINCKE REACTION. A REVIEW (2002)

(2002). THE ZINCKE REACTION. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 585-608.
Tissue-Specific Splicing and Functions of the <i>Drosophila</i> Transcription Factor Grainyhead (1997)

Grainyhead belongs to a recently identified group of transcription factors which share a 250-amino-acid domain required for binding to DNA and a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain. The activities of Grainyhead and other members of the family appear to be modulated so that they can participate in different developmental processes. We have examined the structure and function of mRNAs from the Drosophila grainyhead gene and demonstrated that alternate splicing is responsible for generating a neuroblast-specific isoform of the protein. A mutation which abolishes this isoform results in pupal and adult lethality. Reporter genes containing different Grainyhead binding sites exhibit tissue-specific patterns of expression that correlate with the Grainyhead isoforms, suggesting that the alternate splicing serves to alter the repertoire of target genes controlled in the neuroblasts.
A taste illusion: Taste sensation localized by touch (1991)

Taste sensations appear to come from all over the inner surface of the mouth, yet the taste receptors are restricted to relatively small particular areas of the oral surface. In addition, even if a relatively large (e.g., one half) proportion of the taste field is damaged, subjective taste experience may be unaffected. The touch system contributes to this constancy because taste sensations appear to be localized by touch. If a taste solution is painted from the side of the tongue (an area of low receptor density) past the tip (an area of high receptor density) and on to the second side, the taste sensation begins weak, gets stronger at the tip, and retains much of its intensity. The strong taste from the tip follows the tactile path of the stimulus sweep. This illusion occurs for all four stimuli tested: sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride.
Corticosteroids and surfactant change lung function and protein leaks in the lungs of ventilated premature rabbits. (1987)

Fetal rabbits were treated with corticosteroids by maternal administration for 48 h before delivery at 27 d gestational age. The treated and control rabbits were placed on ventilator-plethysmographs so that ventilation could be adjusted by regulation of tidal volumes to 10-13 ml/kg body wt. [125I]albumin was mixed with fetal lung fluid at birth, alternate rabbits from each litter were treated with Surfactant-TA, and [131I]albumin was injected intravascularly. The movement of the labeled albumins into and out of the alveolar wash and lung tissue was measured after 30 min of ventilation. Corticosteroid treatment (total dose, 0.2 mg/kg betamethasone) significantly decreased the protein leak across the endothelium (P less than 0.001) but increased the protein leak across the epithelium (P less than 0.001). Surfactant treatment decreased both the endothelial and epithelial leaks, and the combination of surfactant and corticosteroid treatments decreased endothelial leaks to 29% of control values and increased compliance more than either treatment alone. The 48-h corticosteroid treatment did not increase alveolar surfactant pool sizes. Corticosteroids significantly changed lung protein leaks independently of surfactant, and improved the response of the preterm lung to surfactant treatments.
New Ph. D.'s (1976)

Journal Article New Ph.D.'s Get access Lion F. Gardiner Lion F. Gardiner Department of Zoology and Physiology, Rutgers-The State University, Newark, NJ 07102 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 26, Issue 6, June 1976, Page 373, https://doi.org/10.2307/1297408 Published: 01 June 1976
High intensity electron channeling and perspectives for a bright tunable x-ray source (1990)

Using the continuous wave electron beam of the new Darmstadt superconducting electron accelerator and high intensity axial channeling in a diamond crystal, the possibility for the production of an intense tunable photon source in the x-ray region is investigated. Due to low emittance of the machine and its high current it has become possible, for the first time, to produce channeling radiation in the energy region of a few keV with an intensity of up to 2×1010 photons/s in an x-ray energy window of 10%. This is six orders of magnitude more than what has been observed previously.