gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Neuroblastoma Patients with Antiganglioside GD2 Antibody plus Interleukin-2 Induces Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against Neuroblastoma Detected In Vitro (1994)

Summary: Therapy of neuroblastoma patients with interleukin (IL)-2 activates effector cells capable of lysing tumor cells in vitro. When tumor cells are pretreated with certain monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), these in vivo activated effectors show augmented tumor lysis via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This study presents immunological analyses of serial blood samples from two refractory neuroblastoma patients who received combined in vivo therapy with murine anti-ganglioside GD2 monoclonal antibody 14.G2a and IL-2. These studies were designed to determine whether conditions that induce ADCC in vitro can be generated in vivo by combined therapy with IL-2 and MoAb. As shown previously, administration of IL-2 dramatically augments the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to mediate ADCC. In addition, we demonstrate here that sera, obtained 1 h after infusion of 14.G2a, provides an effective source of functional antibody for ADCC mediated by PBMC from healthy donors. Finally, effective ADCC-mediated killing of neuroblastoma target cells was also achieved in vitro following IL-2 plus 14.G2a treatment when patients' effector cells were combined with patients' serum, as the source of 14.G2a antibody. These results indicate that this combination of IL-2 and 14.G2a generates conditions within the peripheral blood of pediatric neuroblastoma patients that enable their own lymphocytes to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity sufficient to effectively kill neuroblastoma cells in vitro
[Detection of antibodies against infectious viral laryngotracheitis and parainfluenza 2 in dogs bred in Czechoslovakia]. (1987)

A total of 398 blood serums of dogs of various breeds and age categories, coming from 72 places in Bohemia and Slovakia, were examined for the content of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies to the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (CADV-2) and parainfluenza 2 virus (CPIV-2). Out of this total number, 203 serums (51.1%) reacted against CADV-2 in titres from 1:16 to 1:2048 and 115 serums (28.9%) against CPIV-2 in titres from 1:2 to 1:256. The results indicate that the dog population is considerably infected with viruses affecting the respiratory organs.
Voronoi diagram based cumulative approximation for engineering optimization (2000)

This paper proposes a function approximation scheme based on Voronoi diagram, a technique of computational geometry, toward optimization cost saving in real engineering applications. The scheme consists of a blending function of local information over spatial structure among sample points that is topologically represented with Voronoi diagram, an estimation method of function gradients through the method of least squares along each Voronoi region, and an associated overall optimization algorithm. The scheme can locally establish and cumulatively update an approximation function based on the nature of Voronoi diagram, and this leads efficient and accurate accumulation of samples toward superior global fidelity in function approximation. Its validity and advantages are demonstrated through its application to a twodimensional example problem and a welded beam structure design problem.
Evolution of Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> : Clinical and Molecular Perspective (2002)

The story of antituberculosis chemotherapy is a miniature of the history of anti-infective chemotherapy. In the first half of the 20th century the problem of tuberculosis appeared insoluble: the lipid-rich cell wall was believed to make chemotherapy impossible ([21][1]). This gloomy view seemed to
Multiplex Serum Cytokine Immunoassay Using Nanoplasmonic Biosensor Microarrays (2015)

Precise monitoring of the rapidly changing immune status during the course of a disease requires multiplex analysis of cytokines from frequently sampled human blood. However, the current lack of rapid, multiplex, and low volume assays makes immune monitoring for clinical decision-making (e.g., critically ill patients) impractical. Without such assays, immune monitoring is even virtually impossible for infants and neonates with infectious diseases and/or immune mediated disorders as access to their blood in large quantities is prohibited. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based microfluidic optical biosensing is a promising approach to fill this technical gap as it could potentially permit real-time refractometric detection of biomolecular binding on a metallic nanoparticle surface and sensor miniaturization, both leading to rapid and sample-sparing analyte analysis. Despite this promise, practical implementation of such a microfluidic assay for cytokine biomarker detection in serum samples has not been established primarily due to the limited sensitivity of LSPR biosensing. Here, we developed a high-throughput, label-free, multiarrayed LSPR optical biosensor device with 480 nanoplasmonic sensing spots in microfluidic channel arrays and demonstrated parallel multiplex immunoassays of six cytokines in a complex serum matrix on a single device chip while overcoming technical limitations. The device was fabricated using easy-to-implement, one-step microfluidic patterning and antibody conjugation of gold nanorods (AuNRs). When scanning the scattering light intensity across the microarrays of AuNR ensembles with dark-field imaging optics, our LSPR biosensing technique allowed for high-sensitivity quantitative cytokine measurements at concentrations down to 5–20 pg/mL from a 1 µL serum sample. Using the nanoplasmonic biosensor microarray device, we demonstrated the ability to monitor the inflammatory responses of infants following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery through tracking the time-course variations of their serum cytokines. The whole parallel on-chip assays, which involved the loading, incubation, and washing of samples and reagents, and 10-fold replicated multianalyte detection for each sample using the entire biosensor arrays, were completed within 40 min.
Preparation of c-Axis Oriented AlN Thin Films by Low-Temperature Reactive Sputtering (1992)

C -axis oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films on (110) silicon were prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputtering in argon and nitrogen atmosphere without substrate heating. We investigated the dependence of some properties for the AlN thin film on sputtering conditions, especially N 2 concentration. It was found that c -axis orientation tended to improve gradually with decreasing N 2 concentration. The full width of half the maximum intensity (FWHM) of the rocking curve for a (002) plane of hexagonal AlN was 1∼2 degrees at a 10% N 2 concentration. This was a suitable value for surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. IDT/AlN/(110)Si structure SAW resonators were fabricated. It was confirmed that the insertion loss was 14 dB and phase velocity was 4800 m/s, respectively.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Easy-to-Measure Aging Biomarkers in Older Breast Cancer Patients: Correlation with Chronological Age but Not with Fitness/Frailty Status (2014)

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise as easily accessible biomarkers for diverse (patho)physiological processes, including aging. We have compared miRNA expression profiles in cell-free blood from older versus young breast cancer patients, in order to identify "aging miRNAs" that can be used in the future to monitor the impact of chemotherapy on the patient's biological age. First, we assessed 175 miRNAs that may possibly be present in serum/plasma in an exploratory screening in 10 young and 10 older patients. The top-15 ranking miRNAs showing differential expression between young and older subjects were further investigated in an independent cohort consisting of another 10 young and 20 older subjects. Plasma levels of miR-20a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR106b, miR191 and miR-301a were confirmed to show significant age-related decreases (all p≤0.004). The remaining miRNAs included in the validation study (miR-21, miR-210, miR-320b, miR-378, miR-423-5p, let-7d, miR-140-5p, miR-200c, miR-374a, miR376a) all showed similar trends as observed in the exploratory screening but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, the age-associated miRNAs did not show differential expression between fit/healthy and non-fit/frail subjects within the older breast cancer cohort of the validation study and thus merit further investigation as true aging markers that not merely reflect frailty.
Optimal Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus Correlates with Endocytosis of Glycoprotein gpUL132 (2010)

Envelopment of a herpesvirus particle is a complex process of which much is still to be learned. We previously identified the glycoprotein gpUL132 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as an envelope component of the virion. In its carboxy-terminal portion, gpUL132 contains at least four motifs for sorting of transmembrane proteins to endosomes; among them are one dileucine-based signal and three tyrosine-based signals of the YXXØ and NPXY (where X stands for any amino acid, and Ø stands for any bulky hydrophobic amino acid) types. To investigate the role of each of these trafficking signals in intracellular localization and viral replication, we constructed a panel of expression plasmids and recombinant viruses in which the signals were rendered nonfunctional by mutagenesis. In transfected cells wild-type gpUL132 was mainly associated with the trans-Golgi network. Consecutive mutation of the trafficking signals resulted in increasing fractions of the protein localized at the cell surface, with gpUL132 mutated in all four trafficking motifs predominantly associated with the plasma membrane. Concomitant with increased surface expression, endocytosis of mutant gpUL132 was reduced, with a gpUL132 expressing all four motifs in mutated form being almost completely impaired in endocytosis. The replication of recombinant viruses harboring mutations in single trafficking motifs was comparable to replication of wild-type virus. In contrast, viruses containing mutations in three or four of the trafficking signals showed pronounced deficits in replication with a reduction of approximately 100-fold. Moreover, recombinant viruses expressing gpUL132 with three or four trafficking motifs mutated failed to incorporate the mutant protein into the virus particle. These results demonstrate a role of endocytosis of an HCMV envelope glycoprotein for incorporation into the virion and optimal virus replication.
Multipath phase errors in CW-FM tracking systems (1955)

High-precision, cw, missile-tracking systems are subject to multipath errors due to ground reflections and reflections from neighboring objects. To reduce the effects of ground reflection, advantage may be taken of the characteristic of frequency modulation to discriminate against a weaker interfering signal. This paper discusses the magnitude of the phase error reduction to be obtained by use of frequency modulation. It is demonstrated that the phase error can be reduced to any desired value if sufficient band width is utilized in the frequency modulation signal and significant improvement over an amplitude modulation system can be obtained with a wide-band FM system.
Numerical Analysis: A fast fourier transform algorithm for real-valued series (1968)

A new procedure is presented for calculating the complex, discrete Fourier transform of real-valued time series. This procedure is described for an example where the number of points in the series is an integral power of two. This algorithm preserves the order and symmetry of the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm while effecting the two-to-one reduction in computation and storage which can be achieved when the series is real. Also discussed are hardware and software implementations of the algorithm which perform only ( N /4) log 2 ( N /2) complex multiply and add operations, and which require only N real storage locations in analyzing each N -point record.
Fluid drive chips containing multiple pumps and switching valves for Biochemical IC Family (2002)

Versatile micro fluidic device "Biochemical IC Family" based on the concept of family IC chip-set has been proposed and developed by the authors. Several types of biochemical IC containing multiple micro fluidic devices such as reactors, concentrators and one-way valves have been developed. A luminous enzyme of firefly was synthesized by using these chips. New chips to handle chemical fluid were first fabricated successfully and basic performance was verified experimentally. Shape memory alloy (SMA) micro actuator was utilized for micro actuation. New micro stereo lithography (Hybrid IH Process) to make 3D composite structure consisting UV polymer and other micro parts was developed and was utilized for total chip fabrication. The pump chip succeeded to flow chemical liquids through the connected chips. The switching valve chip changed reaction passes quickly. By using these biochemical IC chips, new era in where various kind of reaction system can be constructed by the chemists in their own laboratory will come.
Neuropilin regulation of angiogenesis (2014)

Blood vessel formation during vertebrate development relies on a process called angiogenesis and is essential for organ growth and tissue viability. In addition, angiogenesis leads to pathological blood vessel growth in diseases with tissue ischaemia, such as neovascular eye disease and cancer. Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane protein that serves as a receptor for the VEGF₁₆₅ isoform of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enhance cell migration during angiogenesis via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and it is also essential for VEGF-induced vascular permeability and arteriogenesis. In addition, NRP1 activation affects angiogenesis independently of VEGF signalling by activating the intracellular kinase ABL1. NRP1 also acts as a receptor for the class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3A) to regulate vessel maturation during tumour angiogenesis and vascular permeability in eye disease. In the present paper, we review current knowledge of NRP1 regulation during angiogenesis and vascular pathology.
Regulation of T-cell receptor Dβ1 promoter by KLF5 through reiterated GC-rich motifs (2003)

Rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin genes by a common V(D)J recombination machinery is regulated by developmentally specific chromatin changes at the target locus, a process associated with transcription. At the TCRbeta locus, the Ebeta enhancer and the Dbeta1 promoter regulate germline transcription originating near the TCR Dbeta1 gene segment. The Dbeta1 promoter contains 3 GC-rich motifs that bind a common set of nuclear proteins from pro-T-cell lines. Mutations that diminish the binding of nuclear proteins also diminish the activity of the Dbeta1 promoter in transcriptional reporter assays. Using a yeast one-hybrid approach, 3 Krüppel-like factors-KLF3, KLF5, and KLF6-and a novel zinc finger protein were identified in a thymus library, all of which bound the GC-rich motif in a sequence-specific manner. Of these genes, KLF5 mRNA was expressed in a restricted manner in lymphoid cells and tissues, with highest expression in pro-T-cell lines and Rag-deficient thymocytes. Antibody supershift studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that KLF5 bound the Dbeta1 promoter. In reporter gene assays, KLF5 but not KLF6 efficiently transactivated the Dbeta1 promoter, whereas a dominant-negative KLF5 construct inhibited reporter expression. These data suggest that reiterated GC motifs contribute to germline TCRbeta transcription through binding of KLF5 and other Krüppel family members and that restricted expression of KLF5 may contribute to lineage-specific regulation of germline TCRbeta transcription.
Decomposition of S-nitrosothiols: the effects of added thiols (1997)

The Cu+ (added as Cu2+) mediated decomposition of the five S-nitrosothiols, derived from penicillamine, cysteamine, thiomalic acid, N-acetylpenicillamine and cysteine have been examined kinetically in the presence of varying amounts of the corresponding thiols. Large differences in behaviour were found. In some cases, reactions were catalysed by added thiols, whereas in others, stability was conferred, often resulting in the appearance of quite large induction effects. The results are explained in terms of the dual function of the thiol (as thiolate), (a) as a reducing agent generating Cu+, and (b) as a complexing agent for Cu2+, when it is then less available for reduction. The balance of these two effects depends on the structure and concentration of the added thiol. The findings were supported by examining the two effects separately, using ascorbate as a reducing agent, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as the complexing agent. For penicillamine, cysteine and thiomalic acid, the Cu2+ complexes were identified from their UV spectra, and their decomposition was followed kinetically.
Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymer Promoted by Combined Photochemical Properties of a 2,7-Diaminofluorene Derivative Dye (2008)

A one step method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticle-embedded polymer is detailed from the mechanistic aspects to the structural analysis of the material. A 2,7-diaminofluorene derivative is employed both as a photoreductant agent of silver precursors and as a free radical photoinitiator to produce silver nanoparticles in a poly(ethylene glycol) matrix at the same time. Each photophysical mechanism is separately investigated and quantified by steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The analysis confirms the key role the dye radical cation in the photopolymerization. Moreover, the addition of an amine co-initiator induces a clear acceleration of the photopolymerization rate and leads to a new distinctive mechanism. As a consequence, the morphology of the resultant silver nanocomposite exhibits different size distributions characterized by transmission electron microscopy. This structural observation was also correlated by an unexpected metal-enhancement fluorescence process arising from residual dyes entrapped in the metal−polymer.
Extensible optical music recognition (1997)

The aim of Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is to convert optically scanned pages of music into a versatile machine-readable format. Existing work has achieved this aim for restricted sets of music notation. Here we investigate the design of an extensible OMR system. Music notation is characterised by intricate features which prove too complex for current computer systems to recognise in a single step. A common methodology in OMR systems is to detect simple primitive shapes which are then assembled into the intricate musical features. However, developing a system capable of processing an extensible set of notation is problematic because there is no limit to the musical shapes that can occur. This thesis deals with the issue by combining a specially designed programming language for primitive detection, a user-configurable knowledge-base for primitive assembly, and an object oriented interface for musical semantics. In doing so, the design is capable of processing not only an extensible set of shapes within one notation, but a variety of notations, such as common music notation, plainsong notation, and tablature. The specially designed programming language eliminates the need for repetitive descriptions, and consequently the code is concise. Grammar rules in the knowledge-base provide a flexible medium in which the valid taxonomy of musical features can be expressed. Finally, the object oriented interface provides a mechanism that can be tailored to encode the semantics of a specific musical notation. Within this framework, the thesis investigates six important steps in the OMR process-staff detection, musical object location, image enhancement, primitive detection, primitive assembly, and musical semantics. Existing work is refined and new algorithms are developed where appropriate. The thesis concludes by comparing the performance of two OMR configurations aimed at reliable matching. Both take approximately 10 minutes to process an A4 page of music using a Digital Celebris GL 5133, with an overall accuracy rate that exceeds 96%.
[X-ray criteria for assessing the activity of lung sarcoidosis at follow-up]. (2003)

The results of comprehensive X-ray findings in 300 patients with different clinical and X-ray forms of respiratory sarcoidosis who had been registered to be followed up at the Consulting Outpatient Department, Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, were analyzed. The follow-up lasted 3 to 20 years. X-ray study heads the list of the most informative techniques for assessing the activity of sarcoidosis. The time of following up patients with sarcoidosis in dispensary registration groups is recommended in accordance with the recommendations of the sarcoidosis Consensus Commission. X-ray criteria for stabilization of the disease and the optimum methodological complex of radiation diagnosis are defined.
Modeling Selective Attention Using a Neuromorphic Analog VLSI Device (2000)

Attentional mechanisms are required to overcome the problem of flooding a limited processing capacity system with information. They are present in biological sensory systems and can be a useful engineering tool for artificial visual systems. In this article we present a hardware model of a selective attention mechanism implemented on a very large-scale integration (VLSI) chip, using analog neuromorphic circuits. The chip exploits a spike-based representation to receive, process, and transmit signals. It can be used as a transceiver module for building multichip neuromorphic vision systems. We describe the circuits that carry out the main processing stages of the selective attention mechanism and provide experimental data for each circuit. We demonstrate the expected behavior of the model at the system level by stimulating the chip with both artificially generated control signals and signals obtained from a saliency map, computed from an image containing several salient features.
High-sensitivity 1 Gbit/s CMOS receiver integratedwith GaAs- or InGaAs-photodiodeby wafer-bonding (2001)

1 Gbit/s III-V/CMOS hybrid receivers consisting of a GaAs- or InGaAs-photodiode and a 0.5 µm CMOS receiver circuit have been realised by wafer-bonding. The circuit is simple and compact with high sensitivity and broad bandwidth due to the direct attachment of III-V PDs and the absence of any parasitic capacitance. Sensitivities of –27.4 and –28.0 dBm at 1 Gbit/s are demonstrated for 0.85 and 1.55 µm receivers, respectively.
Molecular Mechanisms of Human Embryogenesis: Developmental Pathogenesis of Renal Tract Malformations (2002)

The focus of this review is the normal and abnormal development of the kidney and lower urinary tract; for convenience, we will refer to the whole system as the renal tract. The content represents a convergence among the clinical disciplines of histopathology, nephrology, and urology as well the basic sciences of developmental biology and molecular genetics. The story has considerable clinical relevance since diverse renal tract malformations are increasingly detected on fetal ultrasound screening and constitute major causes of chronic renal failure necessitating dialysis and kidney transplantation in children. Evidence is emerging that at least some of these disorders have a defined genetic basis; in others, an abnormal embryonic, or even maternal, environment may contribute to the pathogenesis. This field of study is frequently updated, with new discoveries being made almost every week. Hence this review can not be exhaustive or definitive, but instead highlights some specific areas of interest.