gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of leptospires in urine by polymerase chain reaction (1989)

Primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were synthesized from clones derived from a Leptospira hardjo (type hardjobovis) library. One pair of synthetic oligonucleotide primers was selected for further analysis. Under experimental conditions an amplification was obtained with DNA of Leptospira interrogans of some serovars belonging to serogroup sejroe. However, very little or no amplification was observed with DNA from other serovars of this group. No amplification was observed with DNA from other serogroups, other bacteria, or eucaryotic organisms. Cattle urine, seeded with hardjobovis, was processed in several ways and subsequently subjected to PCR. Boiling of the samples or treatment with detergents appeared to be most effective. Urine samples containing fewer than 10 leptospires gave a positive result in the PCR assay. Twenty urine samples obtained from a slaughterhouse or farm cows were investigated using the PCR assay, culture isolation, dot and quick blot hybridization, and serological tests. This comparative study suggests that amplification by PCR may be a valuable method for the detection of leptospires in cattle urine.
The Carrier-Storage Frequency Divider:A Steady-State Analysis (1964)

A large-signal analysis is presented for the carrierstorage frequency divider in which the diode is assumed to be an ideal sequentially operated switch which closes when the voltage across it changes to the forward direction and opens when reverse recovery occurs. The analysis enables the performance of the circuit to be predicted with reasonable accuracy and permits an estimate to be made of the limiting values of some of the circuit parameters.
Reducing radiation loss of tilts in dielectric optical waveguides (1981)

It is proposed to reduce the radiation loss of an optical wave-guide tilt by increasing the refractive index on the inner side, or by decreasing it on the outer side of the tilt By microwave model experiments it is shown that the method proposed is effective.
Bacterial RNA Polymerase Inhibitors: An Organized Overview of their Structure, Derivatives, Biological Activity and Current Clinical Development Status (2009)

RNA polymerase (RNAP) currently represents an important target for the development of new antibacterial agents. RNAP is a nucleotidyl transferase enzyme able to generate an RNA copy of a DNA or RNA template chain, controlling initiation and termination of transcription. RNAP is found in nature in all eukaryotes, prokaryotes and archaea, as well as in many viruses. Bacterial RNAP is a large molecule (about 400 kDa) and its core structure is composed of four polypeptide subunits: alpha (alpha) required for assembly of the enzyme, beta (beta) involved in chain initiation and elongation, beta' (beta') which binds to the DNA template, and omega (omega) which constrains the beta' subunit and aids its assembly into RNAP, in the stoichiometry alpha2betabeta'omega. The bacterial enzyme differs both from eukaryotic RNAP, which is composed of different subunits and is present in several variants, and from archaeal or viral RNAP. These differences allow to selectively target the bacterial enzyme with appropriately designed inhibitors, excluding interactions with eukaryotic RNAP, accounting for the deep interest developed around these compounds as selective antibacterial agents. In this review the known natural and synthetic inhibitors of RNAP will be described considering their mechanism of action, biological activity, availability of analogues, Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) information and clinical use when already approved or recently entered into clinical trials.
Responses of lactic acid bacteria to oxygen (1987)

A small number of flavoprotein oxidase enzymes are responsible for the direct interaction of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with oxygen; hydrogen peroxide or water are produced in these reactions. In some cultures exposed to oxygen, hydrogen peroxide accumulates to inhibitory levels. Through these oxidase enzymes and NADH peroxidase, O2 and H2O2 can accept electrons from sugar metabolism, and thus have a sparing effect on the use of metabolic intermediates, such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde, as electron acceptors. Consequently, sugar metabolism in aerated cultures of LAB can be substantially different from that in unaerated cultures. Energy and biomass yields, end-products of sugar metabolism and the range of substrates which can be metabolised are affected. Lactic acid bacteria exhibit an inducible oxidative stress response when exposed to sublethal levels of H2O2. This response protects them if they are subsequently exposed to lethal concentrations of H2O2. The effect appears to be related to other stress responses such as heat-shock and is similar, in some but not all respects, to that previously reported for enteric bacteria.
Spin-torque transfer in batch-fabricated spin-valve magnetic nanojunctions (invited) (2003)

A two terminal spin-injection device is fabricated using a nanostencil process with a Co–Cu–Co stack. The stack can be deposited both by sputtering and by electron-beam evaporation. A better edge definition is observed in evaporation-deposited films under cross section transmission electron microscopy. Both methods succeeded in producing junctions with sub-100 nm lateral dimensions and show spin-injection-induced magnetic switching.
Satellite audio distribution on a video transponder using digital compression and band-edge SCPC technologies (1995)

Digital audio compression and SCPC (single channel per carrier) technologies permit efficient distribution of audio and data to a network of radio stations using small antennas. Transmitting the SCPC signals on the band-edge of a video transponder can be a cost-effective way of providing the space segment. This paper describes the design phase and the results of implementing band-edge SCPC carriers on an analog-video transponder. Before attempting an operational test, Comsat Laboratories investigated the proposed configuration using the Comsat C-band transponder simulator. The simulation tests showed that the SCPC signals are more efficient than video subcarriers in use of transponder power and validated that band-edge SCPC could be achieved without degrading the analog video signal. The transponder can be operated into saturation. The actual implementation of the video and SCPC system required careful tradeoffs in the operating power of the video and the SCPC signals because of the power demands of the video signal and the need to operate in the nonlinear portion of the transponder. The system has been operating for more than a year. Three digital SCPC carriers, each with a FM-quality, stereo audio program, are received with 2.4 meter antennas throughout South America. VOA is now investigating digital-audio SCPC's operating with digital-video carriers on the same transponder. Preliminary results are also given here.
Polysaccharide exopolymer adhesives from periphytic marine bacteria (1989)

—Periphytic micro-organisms frequently adhere to marine surfaces via the synthesis of polysaccharide exopolymer. For one such polysaccharide adhesive viscous exopolymer (PAVE), synthesized by Alteromonas colwelliana LST, production and purification were optimized and properties characterized. Maximum PAVE yields and best adhesiveness were obtained from cells harvested during the late logarithmic phase of growth in rich brain-heart infusion medium. The polymer was optimally purified by isopropanol extraction. It retained bond strength in sea water, possibly because of integral L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) residues, the hydroxyl groups of which can successfully compete with H-bonds from sea water. Based on a limited survey of carbohydrate polysaccharide exopolymers from related marine bacteria, it is proposed that these compounds are promising natural product adhesives and marine surface coatings.
[Prevention and care of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients]. (2012)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital-acquired pneumonia that occurs in patients usually 48 hours or more after mechanical ventilator intubation. VAP is the most common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. Mechanical ventilators are critical oxygenation and ventilation systems for patients. However, there is a close relationship among self-use efficacy, system settings, and VAP infection rate. VAP not only results in higher mortality, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs, but also negatively affects patient outcomes and medical care quality. The purpose of this article was to provide reference information on VAP risk factors and prevention measures.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tetrahydropyrimido(2,1‐f)xanthines with Some Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Reagents. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the tetrahydropyrimidoxanthine (I) with phosphorus trichloride/phosphorus pentachloride gives the trichloro derivatives (II) which are dechlorinated to yield the 9‐substituted dihydropyrimidopurines (III).
Systematic synthesis in the polysilane series (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSystematic synthesis in the polysilane seriesGrant UrryCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1970, 3, 9, 306–312Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50033a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50033a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data desensitization of customer data for use in optimizer performance experiments (2010)

Improving the performance and functionality of database system optimizers requires experimentation on real customer data. Often these data are of sensitive nature and the only way to keep them is by applying a non-reversible transformation to obfuscate them. However, in order that the database optimizer generates exactly the same query plans as for the sensitive data, the transformation has to preserve the order and some important properties of the data distribution. Unfortunately, existing data obfuscation techniques do not preserve all of these properties and therefore are not applicable in this context. In this paper we present a Desensitizer tool that we have developed for optimizer performance experiments of HP's Neoview high availability data warehousing product. The tool is based on novel numeric and string desensitization algorithms which are agnostic to the database system. We explain the core concepts behind the algorithms, how they preserve the required data properties and important implementation considerations that were made. We present the architecture of the Desensitizer tool and results of the extensive validation that we conducted.
Quasi-transversal synthesis of microwave chirped filters (1992)

A numerical synthesis procedure for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices has been adapted for microwave delay-line filters. The effect of multiple reflections between taps is fully allowed for, and almost arbitrary phase and amplitude responses can be specified; linear chirp filters are reported. Modification of the SAW version has eliminated the third harmonic and thus permitted fractional bandwidths exceeding 100% to be demonstrated.
Influence of catheter position and equipment-related factors on the accuracy of intravascular ultrasound measurements. (1999)

Transducer position and equipment-related factors influence the accuracy of intravascular ultrasound, which may lead to misinterpretation of vessel size and geometry even in straight vessel segments. Transducer position may be controlled by the reconstruction of longitudinal images. Ultrasound equipment should be calibrated before using it for quantitative measurements.
Two Steps in Maf1-dependent Repression of Transcription by RNA Polymerase III (2004)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Maf1 is essential for mediating the repression of transcription by RNA polymerase (pol) III in response to diverse cellular conditions. These conditions activate distinct signaling pathways that converge at or above Maf1. Thus, Maf1-dependent repression is thought to involve a common set of downstream inhibitory effects on the pol III machinery. Here we provide support for this view and define two steps in Maf1-dependent transcriptional repression. We show that chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced repression of pol III transcription is achieved by inhibiting de novo assembly of transcription factor (TF) IIIB onto DNA as well as the recruitment of pol III to preassembled TFIIIB.DNA complexes. Additionally Brf1 was identified as a target of repression in extracts of CPZ-treated cells. Maf1-Brf1 and Maf1-pol III interactions were implicated in the inhibition of TFIIIB.DNA complex assembly and polymerase recruitment by recombinant Maf1. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed these interactions in yeast extracts and demonstrated that Maf1 does not differentially sequester Brf1 or pol III under repressing conditions. The results suggest that Maf1 functions by a non-stoichiometric mechanism to repress pol III transcription.
Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon electrodes connected by indium phosphide nanowires (2007)

The authors report the connection of two planar hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) electrodes by intersecting and bridging indium phosphide nanowires (InP NWs). A simple metal-semiconductor-metal photoconductor was used as a test vehicle to measure electrical and optical characteristics of the connected InP NWs. This implementation of III-V compound semiconductor nanowires on Si:H combines the characteristics of a direct bandgap semiconductor with the flexible fabrication processes of non-single-crystal silicon platforms that do not require single-crystal substrates.
Clutter Rejection for Doppler Weather Radars with Multirate Sampling Schemes (1990)

Abstract : Reliable weather parameter estimates are required of radars such as the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) which will automatically detect hazardous weather phenomena in the vicinity of an airport. Velocity and range aliasing will degrade the quality of these estimates, as will contamination by ground clutter. For radars which operate at short ranges and at low elevation angles, as the TDWR will to detect windshears at the airport surface, clutter contamination is an especially severe problem. Multirate pulse trains can extend both the unambiguous velocity and range of a Pulsed Doppler Radar beyond those afforded by pulse trains with a constant intersample spacing; but the usual properties of conventional clutter filter architectures change radically when applied to data collected with a multirate sampling scheme. The Pulse-Pair spectral moment estimators are presented, followed by a discussion of frequency domain clutter rejection techniques for Batch PRT (Pulse Repetition Time) sequences. The main topic of the report is clutter suppression for Staggered PRT sequences in which the PRT alternates from pulse to pulse. The Staggered PRT scheme has the advantage over the Batch PRT scheme of spatial coherency for estimates of the radar return signal's autocorrelation function at the lags corresponding to the two PRT's. A time varying filter architecture with multiple transfer functions is presented and analyzed, and its interaction with the Pulse Pair estimators is explored. Three design techniques for Staggered PRT filters are assessed in the context of clutter suppression. The final section of the report summarizes the results for the Batch and Staggered PRT schemes.
A 5.5 V SOPA line driver in a standard 1.2 V 0.13&#x03BC;m CMOS technology (2005)

In this work a high voltage line driver, using a self-oscillating power amplifier (SOPA) in a digital 1.2 V 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is presented. A self biasing cascode topology allows the line driver to operate at 4.5 times the nominal supply voltage. Oxide breakdown and hot carrier degradation is minimized since the driver operates within the voltage limits imposed by the design rules of a mainstream CMOS technology. The realized prototype delivers a 35 MHz PWM square wave with a 4.6 V swing in a 7.1 /spl Omega/ load with an efficiency of 62%. The chip achieves a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 52 dB while driving a 1 MHz sine wave. A missing tone power ratio (MTPR) of 50 dB has been measured for a DMT signal up to 1.1 MHz with a crest factor of 14 dB.
Impact of Delay Variability on LEDBAT Performance (2011)

Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) congestion control algorithm is designed to address the unfairness problem of TCP aggravated by applications that use multiple TCP connections for data transfer. LEDBAT operates under the assumption that the queue delay at the access router of the bottleneck link will be the primary varying contributor to end-to-end one-way delay. However this assumption will not hold if a route change occurs, which causes significant variations in the path delay. This paper analyses the impact of route changes on LEDBAT throughput and fairness. In addition to a formal description of the behaviour of LEDBAT congestion window when route changes, we present results from simulations showing the negative impact of route changes on throughput for a LEDBAT source and fairness with other sources. Importantly, our analysis shows that more work is needed to improve LEDBAT performance in the case of route changes before the novel algorithm can be considered as a suitable congestion control algorithm in the Internet.
Acute effects of oestrogen on the guinea pig and human<i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub>channels and drug‐induced prolongation of cardiac repolarization (2008)

Female gender is a risk factor for drug-induced arrhythmias associated with QT prolongation, which results mostly from blockade of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel. Some clinical evidence suggests that oestrogen is a determinant of the gender-differences in drug-induced QT prolongation and baseline QT(C) intervals. Although the chronic effects of oestrogen have been studied, it remains unclear whether the gender differences are due entirely to transcriptional regulations through oestrogen receptors. We therefore investigated acute effects of the most bioactive oestrogen, 17beta-oestradiol (E2) at its physiological concentrations on cardiac repolarization and drug-sensitivity of the hERG (I(Kr)) channel in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, patch-clamped guinea pig cardiomyocytes and culture cells over-expressing hERG. We found that physiological concentrations of E2 partially suppressed I(Kr) in a receptor-independent manner. E2-induced modification of voltage-dependence causes partial suppression of hERG currents. Mutagenesis studies showed that a common drug-binding residue at the inner pore cavity was critical for the effects of E2 on the hERG channel. Furthermore, E2 enhanced both hERG suppression and QT(C) prolongation by its blocker, E4031. The lack of effects of testosterone at its physiological concentrations on both of hERG currents and E4031-sensitivity of the hERG channel implicates the critical role of aromatic centroid present in E2 but not in testosterone. Our data indicate that E2 acutely affects the hERG channel gating and the E4031-induced QT(C) prolongation, and may provide a novel mechanism for the higher susceptibility to drug-induced arrhythmia in women.
Asset Allocation and Information Overload: The Influence of Information Display, Asset Choice, and Investor Experience (2005)

This paper investigates three common differences among DC plans that may lead to varying degrees of information overload. We hypothesize that information overload is one reason DC participants often choose the default options. In two experiments, we manipulate the display of the investment information, the number of choices offered, and the similarity of these choices. In addition, we measure the financial knowledge of the participants. We test how these factors influence the participant's feelings of information overload, decision satisfaction and choice of the default. The main contribution of this analysis is that it explores the interaction between the individual's tested financial knowledge and the manipulated plan features. In our study, women with relatively lower salaries and less education tend to fall into our low knowledge category. Our findings do show that changes to plan design can help some individuals. We find individuals with above average financial knowledge do report significantly less overload when given fewer investment choices. This confirms previous research that plan design is important. Our results also show that financial knowledge plays a large role in who opts for the default. We find that low knowledge individuals opt for the default allocation more often than high knowledge individuals (experiment one: 20% vs. 2%). Our findings suggest individuals with below average knowledge are simply overwhelmed by the investment decision in general. Altering the plan by offering investment information in a more easily comparable format or by reducing the choices offered does not attenuate the low knowledge individuals' feelings of overload. The findings suggest that the success of certain plan features depends strongly on the financial background of the participant. The results emphasize the importance of plan design, especially the careful selection of plan default options, and the need to improve the financial literacy of participants.
THE THEORY OF THE ZONE PLATE DERIVED FROM VOIGT'S INTEGRAL (1930)

The properties of the zone plate are worked out theoretically, using the method developed by Voigt for diffraction problems. The case treated is the one for which the plate is illuminated by monochromatic plane waves at normal incidence. The various approximations made are clearly indicated and the results obtained are compared with experimental data.
Fundamental Study and Equipment for Sintering and Testing of Cermet Bodies: V, Fabrication, Testing, and Properties of 30 Chromium–70 Alumina Cermets (1951)

A cermet composition of 70% alumina–30% chromium has given very promising results as a new high‐strength, refractory material. Bodies of the alumina‐chromium composition with a particle size of 10 p and less were prepared and fabricated into test specimens under very closely controlled conditions of milling, pressing, and sintering. The fabricated specimens were tested in the laboratory, and results indicate that the material is extremely hard and resistant to oxidation and has outstanding strengths both at room and at elevated temperatures. Resistance to thermal shock indicates limited application possibilities, and impact resistance is low.