gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4082: U6 upregulation in cancer (2010)

Abstract Background: U6 snRNA is a non-coding RNA that is a component of the splicesome, which is involved in RNA splicing of the pre-mRNA. In view of the critical function performed by U6 snRNA in RNA splicing and therefore cellular proliferation, it is possible that U6 would play a role in cancer development. In this study, U6 levels were examined across various tumor types. Methods: Detection of U6 snRNA in various normal and tumor tissue was performed with Tissue Microarray by In Situ Hybridization technique. The 5′-DIG-labeled U6 LNA probe (sequence 5′-CACGAATTTGCGTGTCATCCTT-3′) from Exiqon was used for this study and the Vector Red was used as substrate. The U6 stained tissue microarray was then scanned by GenePix 6.0 (Molecular Devices) at 532 nm to detect the staining intensity from each tissue sample. Each sample on the TMA was also visually scored by the intensity on a scale of 0 to 4. A quantitative real-time PCR assay was also used to confirm the overexpression of U6 snRNA in breast and other cancers. Results: A baseline study using tumor microarrays and visual scoring suggested that U6 snRNA levels were increased in tumors relative to normal tissues. This was confirmed using the rapid U6 snRNA ISH for colon carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic carcinoma, renal carcinoma, and lung carcinoma. In all cases, U6 levels were significantly elevated in tumor versus normal by t-test. By RT-PCR, U6 snRNA levels were also found to be increased relative to the corresponding normal tissue in carcinoma of the breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, and ovary. No increase over the corresponding normal tissue was found in prostate and thyroid carcinomas. In breast carcinoma, there was no correlation between U6 snRNA levels and estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status or erb-B2 expression levels. Conclusions: Using a scanning system and tumor tissue array, we were able to demonstrate the use of microarray scanner to quantitate ISH signal. Application of this technology to U6 snRNA demonstrated that U6 is significantly elevated in most cancer types examined. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4082.
Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Preoperative Assessment of Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules (2007)

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration biopsy results.
The Identification of a Small Molecule Compound That Reduces HIV-1 Nef-Mediated Viral Infectivity Enhancement (2011)

Nef is a multifunctional HIV-1 protein that accelerates progression to AIDS, and enhances the infectivity of progeny viruses through a mechanism that is not yet understood. Here, we show that the small molecule compound 2c reduces Nef-mediated viral infectivity enhancement. When added to viral producer cells, 2c did not affect the efficiency of viral production itself. However, the infectivity of the viruses produced in the presence of 2c was significantly lower than that of control viruses. Importantly, an inhibitory effect was observed with Nef(+) wild-type viruses, but not with viruses produced in the absence of Nef or in the presence of proline-rich PxxP motif-disrupted Nef, both of which displayed significantly reduced intrinsic infectivity. Meanwhile, the overexpression of the SH3 domain of the tyrosine kinase Hck, which binds to a PxxP motif in Nef, also reduced viral infectivity. Importantly, 2c inhibited Hck SH3-Nef binding, which was more marked when Nef was pre-incubated with 2c prior to its incubation with Hck, indicating that both Hck SH3 and 2c directly bind to Nef and that their binding sites overlap. These results imply that both 2c and the Hck SH3 domain inhibit the interaction of Nef with an unidentified host protein and thereby reduce Nef-mediated infectivity enhancement. The first inhibitory compound 2c is therefore a valuable chemical probe for revealing the underlying molecular mechanism by which Nef enhances the infectivity of HIV-1.
Conversion of a Plant Oxidosqualene-Cycloartenol Synthase to an Oxidosqualene-Lanosterol Cyclase by Random Mutagenesis (2002)

A random mutagenesis/in vivo selection approach was applied to generate and identify mutations that alter the product specificity of oxidosqualene-cycloartenol synthase (CAS) from Arabidopsis thaliana. This work complements previous studies of triterpene cyclase enzymes and was undertaken to provide knowledge of the frequency and locations at which point mutations can alter cyclase product specificity. Random mutations were introduced by treatment with hydroxylamine or passage through a mutator strain of bacteria. Libraries of mutated plasmids carrying the cas1 gene were transformed into a cyclase-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CBY57) bearing a complementing plasmid (pZS11) carrying an Erg7 gene that encodes wild-type yeast oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase and a URA3 marker that could be counterselected by growth in media containing 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). This allowed use of a plasmid shuffle to select for cas1 mutants that could substitute for ERG7 activity. Five of approximately 73,000 transformants were observed to grow in media containing 5-FOA but lacking ergosterol. pTKP5-derived plasmids isolated from these transformants were sequenced, revealing five distinct and unique point mutations: Tyr410Cys, Ala469Val, His477Tyr, Ile481Thr, and Tyr532His. Analysis of the nonsaponifiable lipids from CBY57 cells expressing these mutants suggests that the Tyr410Cys and His477Tyr mutants produce lanosterol as the dominant product, whereas the Ala469Val, Ile481Thr, and Tyr532His mutants produce a mixture of lanosterol and achilleol A, a product of monocyclization. Sequence and structural homology modeling of CAS indicate that the observed product specificity-altering mutations occur both within (Tyr410Cys, Ile481Thr, and Tyr532His) and outside of (Ala469Val and His477Tyr) the cyclase active site.
IL‐12 p40 homodimer, the so‐called biologically inactive molecule, induces nitric oxide synthase in microglia via IL‐12Rβ1 (2009)

Earlier we have demonstrated that IL-12 p40 homodimer (p40(2)) induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in microglia. This study was undertaken to investigate underlying mechanisms required for IL-12 p40(2)- and IL-12 p70-induced expression of iNOS in microglia. IL-12 p40(2) alone induced the activation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Interestingly, the ERK pathway coupled p40(2) to iNOS expression via C/EBP beta, but not NF-kappaB, whereas the p38 pathway relayed the signal from p40(2) to iNOS expression via both NF-kappaB and C/EBP beta. Furthermore, by using microglia from IL-12R beta 1 (-/-) and IL-12R beta 2 (-/-) mice or siRNA against IL-12R beta 1 and IL-12R beta 2, we demonstrate that p40(2) induced the expression of iNOS in microglia via IL-12R beta 1-(ERK+p38)-(NF-kappaB +C/EBP beta) pathway. In contrast, both IL-12R beta 1 and IL-12R beta 2 were involved for IL-12 p70-induced microglial expression of iNOS. Although IL-12R beta 1 coupled p70 to NF-kappaB and C/EBP beta, IL-12R beta 2 was responsible for p70-mediated activation of GAS. This study delineates a new role of IL-12R beta 1 and IL-12R beta 2 for the expression of iNOS and production of NO in microglia that may participate in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 3-[(alkylthio)methyl]quinoxaline 1-oxide derivatives (1983)

Some 3-[(alkylthio)methyl]quinoxaline 1-oxide derivatives (1) have been synthesized and screened for antibacterial activity. 2-Acetyl-3-[(methylsulfonyl)methyl]quinoxaline 1-oxide (7a) was found to possess good in vitro activity against some pathogens important to veterinary medicine including Treponema hyodysenteriae, a causative agent in swine dysentery. In an in vivo experiment, this compound (7a) completely protected pigs against a swine dysentery challenge over a 21-day period.
AMD3100: CXCR4 Antagonist and Rapid Stem Cell-Mobilizing Agent (2007)

As hematopoietic stem cells collected from peripheral blood are increasingly used for autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, new approaches for the mobilization of stem cells are needed. These should have the goal of improving stem cell collection and reducing the duration and toxicity of the mobilization process. AMD3100, a specific inhibitor of CXCR4, one of the key molecules that tethers hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow microenvironment, is a promising new agent currently in clinical development for autologous and allogeneic stem cell mobilization. Early clinical trials have demonstrated that AMD3100 rapidly mobilizes stem cells to the peripheral blood, with minimal side effects. In Phase II trials, mobilization with the combination of AMD3100 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) results in the collection of more progenitor cells than G-CSF alone.
Continuous ambulatory haemodynamic monitoring with an implantable system The feasibility of a new technique (1998)

Long-term ambulatory haemodynamic monitoring is feasible and potentially useful for the management of patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease.
Decrease of the Effective Reynolds Number with Eddy-Viscosity Subgrid Modeling (2005)

International audience
Lightning protection of wind turbine generation systems (2011)

The lightning damage poses a problem with global spread and enlargement of wind power generation systems. Especially a lightning stroke to the blades of a windmill does serious damages, such as an destruction and falling of a blade. The generating mechanism of damages and effective lightning protection methods are studied taking the lightning with abnormally large energy into consideration. Special attention should be also paid to outages of connecting lines to a windmill due to backflow currents from a windmill side.
Packet switching for mobile earth stations via low-orbit satellite network (1984)

A potentially valuable implementation of a satellite computer communication packet switched network is one which is survivable and distributed. That is, a system which dynamically adapts to changing network element connectivities, changing interconnections of users, and is not dependent on any central unit for its own internal command and control. A laboratory prototype of such a system has been constructed of a group of computers which when given communication circuits between them will, acting autonomously, create a computer communication packet switching network and which will continually adapt to changes in connectivity. In this paper, an adaptive computer communication routing algorithm is described, its application in space including a space segment design is presented, its actual implementation in real physical hardware is discussed, and system performance results as parameters are varied are presented.
Management of acute urinary retention (2006)

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common urological emergency, characterized by a sudden and painful inability to pass urine. There is high variability within and among countries in its management, which can be explained not only by differences in access to care but also by a lack of harmonization and consensus on the best way to proceed. Immediate treatment consists of bladder decompression, usually by a urethral catheter, although a suprapubic catheter offers several advantages not often exploited by urologists. Until recently, secondary management consisted almost exclusively of prostatic surgery within a few days (emergency surgery) or a few weeks (elective surgery) after a first AUR episode. The greater morbidity and mortality associated with emergency surgery, and the potential morbidity associated with prolonged catheterization, has led to the increasing use of a trial without catheter; this involves catheter removal after 1-3 days, allowing the patient to void in 23-40% of cases, and surgery, if needed, at a later stage. Alpha1-adrenergic blockers given before catheter removal improve the chances of success. A high prostate-specific antigen level and postvoid residual urine volume, and response to alfuzosin treatment after a first AUR episode managed conservatively, may help to identify patients at risk of an unfavourable outcome.
Intravascular ultrasound imaging before and after angioplasty for stenosis of arteriovenous fistulae in haemodialysis patients (2001)

These results indicate that intravascular ultrasound allows both qualitative and quantitative assessments of arteriovenous fistulae in haemodialysis patients. The results further suggest that the mechanism of expansion of arteriovenous fistulae stenoses by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty involves stretching of the vessel wall as well as plaque fractures.
Following the Acid: Effect of Acid Surface Depletion on Phenolic Polymers (1995)

This paper reports on the diffusion coefficients for acid loss for triflic acid (TFA), toluenesulfonic acid (TSA), camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in an hydrogenated poly(p-vinyl)phenol matrix. A direct method for following acid content was derived from the TBPB spectrometric titration method. In this manner, the Ea for acid loss for TSA, MSA, and TFA was found to be 76, 87, and 106 kJ/mol, respectively. Using the Ea values, acid loss could be predicted over a wide range of processing conditions. It was found that MSA had an order of magnitude greater D than TSA and TFA, which renders MSA an impractical acid for use in chemically amplified resists. For TSA and TFA, D was found to be 1.2 x 10-5 μm2/s and 4.8 X 10-6 μm2/s,respectively, at 90°C. These values make these acids usable at 90°C, but TSA will be more problematic than TFA. All of these acids show sufficient acid loss at room temperature so that long term staging of exposed resists is not recommended. For DUV lithography with chemically amplified resists, we recommend linked PEB tracks directly to the exposure tool so that the maximum postexposure delay is 15 minutes. The one acid that shows virtually no acid loss even at 150°C was CSA. This acid shows no evidence of 't-tops' and may be the acid of choice for high thermal processing.
Association of the ICAM-1Kilifi mutation with protection against severe malaria in LambarÃ©nÃ©, Gabon. (1999)

The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is thought to be a receptor that mediates binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Especially in vital organs, the binding of parasitized cells to the endothelium via ICAM-1 may lead to severe disease and death. Recently, a mutation in the coding region of ICAM-1, termed ICAM-1Kilifi, was described, causing a change from Lys to Met in the loop that interacts with rhinoviruses, lymphocytes, and parasitized red blood cells. Surprisingly, this mutation was shown to increase susceptibility of Kenyan children to severe malaria in one study. When we compared the distribution of ICAM-1Kilifi in two groups of Gabonese children enrolled in a case-control, matched-pair study who presented with either mild or severe malaria, we found that 55% of the patients with mild malaria were carriers whereas only 39% of those with severe malaria were carriers. The difference in the distribution of ICAM-1Kilifi homozygous pairs between the groups, as well as the distribution of ICAM-1Kilifi carriers, was statistically highly significant (P = 0.027 and P = 0.012, by the McNemar test). In a group of healthy school children from the same region, a distribution of 52% ICAM-1Kilifi carriers to 48% wild-type individuals was found. In a survey for the ICAM-1Kilifi in other malaria-endemic regions, this allele was also found in Nigeria and Papua New Guinea, but not in Thailand.
ULTRA-HIGH Resolution Interferometric Sensors (1991)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text MICHAEL HERCHER, "ULTRA-HIGH Resolution Interferometric Sensors," Optics & Photonics News 2(11), 24-29 (1991) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Mechanically adjustable coil array for wrist MRI (2009)

In this work, the concept of mechanically adjustable MR receiver coil arrays is proposed and implemented for the specific case of human wrist imaging. An eight-channel wrist array for proton MRI at 3 Tesla was constructed and evaluated. The array adjusts to the individual anatomy by a mechanism that fits a configuration of flexible coil elements closely around the wrist. With such adjustability, it is challenging to ensure robust electrical behavior and signal-to-noise (SNR) performance. These requirements are met by preamplifier decoupling and a suitable matching strategy based on pi networks that render the coil responses robust against changes in tuning, loading and mutual coupling. The robustness of the resulting SNR yield was studied by varying the effective coil matching over a wide range in a phantom imaging experiment. While SNR variation of up to 25% was observed at the surface of the phantom the SNR was essentially constant in the critical center region. A second SNR study in wrist phantoms of different sizes confirmed the benefits of bringing the coil elements very close, up to 3 mm, to the individual target volume. These findings were supported by initial in vivo imaging, exploiting high-sensitivity detection for highly resolved structural imaging.
Curb-intersection feature based Monte Carlo Localization on urban roads (2012)

One of the most prominent features on an urban road is the curb, which defines the boundary of a road surface. An intersection is a junction of two or more roads, appearing where no curb exists. The combination of curb and intersection features and their idiosyncrasies carry significant information about the urban road network that can be exploited to improve a vehicle's localization. This paper introduces a Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) method using the curb-intersection features on urban roads. We propose a novel idea of “Virtual LIDAR” to get the measurement models for these features. Under the MCL framework, above road observation is fused with odometry information, which is able to yield precise localization. We implement the system using a single tilted 2D LIDAR on our autonomous test bed and show robust performance in the presence of occlusion from other vehicles and pedestrians.
Adaptive Traffic Signal Control: Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm with Experience Replay and Target Network (2017)

Adaptive traffic signal control, which adjusts traffic signal timing according to real-time traffic, has been shown to be an effective method to reduce traffic congestion. Available works on adaptive traffic signal control make responsive traffic signal control decisions based on human-crafted features (e.g. vehicle queue length). However, human-crafted features are abstractions of raw traffic data (e.g., position and speed of vehicles), which ignore some useful traffic information and lead to suboptimal traffic signal controls. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm that automatically extracts all useful features (machine-crafted features) from raw real-time traffic data and learns the optimal policy for adaptive traffic signal control. To improve algorithm stability, we adopt experience replay and target network mechanisms. Simulation results show that our algorithm reduces vehicle delay by up to 47% and 86% when compared to another two popular traffic signal control algorithms, longest queue first algorithm and fixed time control algorithm, respectively.
Distribution of substance P‐immunoreactive elements in the preoptic area and the hypothalamus of the rat (1992)

The localization and morphology of neurons, processes, and neuronal groups in the rat preoptic area and hypothalamus containing substance P-like immunoreactivity were studied with a highly selective antiserum raised against synthetic substance P. The antiserum was thoroughly characterized by immunoblotting; only substance P was recognized by the antiserum. Absorption of the antiserum with synthetic substance P abolished immunostaining while addition of other hypothalamic neuropeptides had no effect on the immunostaining. The specificity of the observed immunohistochemical staining pattern was further confirmed with a monoclonal substance P antiserum. The distribution of substance P immunoreactive perikarya was investigated in colchicine-treated animals, whereas the distribution of immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals was described in brains from untreated animals. In colchicine-treated rats, immunoreactive cells were reliably detected throughout the preoptic area and the hypothalamus. In the preoptic region, labeled cells were found in the anteroventral periventricular and the anteroventral preoptic nuclei and the medial and lateral preoptic areas. Within the hypothalamus, immunoreactive cells were found in the suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, supraoptic, ventromedial, dorsomedial, supramammillary, and premammillary nuclei, the retrochiasmatic, medial hypothalamic, and lateral hypothalamic areas, and the tuber cinereum. The immunoreactive cell groups were usually continuous with adjacent cell groups. Because of the highly variable effect of the colchicine treatment, it was not possible to determine the actual number of immunoreactive cells. Mean soma size varied considerably from one cell group to another. Cells in the magnocellular subnuclei of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei were among the largest, with a diameter of about 25 microns, while cells in the supramammillary and suprachiasmatic nuclei were among the smallest, with a diameter of about 12 microns. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in all areas of the preoptic area and the hypothalamus. The morphology, size, density, and number of terminals varied considerably from region to region. Thus, some areas contained single immunoreactive fibers, while others were innervated with such a density that individual nerve fibers were hardly discernible. During the last decade, knowledge about neural organization of rodent hypothalamic areas and mammalian tachykinin biochemistry has increased substantially. In the light of these new insights, the present study gives comprehensive morphological evidence that substance P may be centrally involved in a wide variety of hypothalamic functions. Among these could be sexual behavior, pituitary hormone release, and water homeostasis.
<scp>FCR</scp> and bevacizumab treatment in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2014)

Results with FCR-B were similar to those observed with an historical cohort of relapsed patients treated with FCR.
Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages. (1992)

A central issue in nitric oxide (NO) research is to understand how NO can act in some settings as a servoregulator and in others as a cytotoxin. To answer this, we have sought a molecular basis for the differential regulation of the two known types of NO synthase (NOS). Constitutive NOS's in endothelium and neurons are activated by agonist-induced elevation of Ca2+ and resultant binding of calmodulin (CaM). In contrast, NOS in macrophages does not require added Ca2+ or CaM, but is regulated instead by transcription. We show here that macrophage NOS contains, as a tightly bound subunit, a molecule with the immunologic reactivity, high performance liquid chromatography retention time, tryptic map, partial amino acid sequence, and exact molecular mass of CaM. In contrast to most CaM-dependent enzymes, macrophage NOS binds CaM tightly without a requirement for elevated Ca2+. This may explain why NOS that is independent of Ca2+ and elevated CaM appears to be activated simply by being synthesized.