gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spacing sugar beets for maximum production (1974)

Tests indicate that maximum sugar production requires spacing beets no closer than 5 inches, in rows spaced 30 inches apart, or no closer than 7 inches in rows 14-26 inches apart (14 inches between rows on the bed and 26 inches between rows of adjacent beds), and that rows spaced 10-20 inches produced no more sugar than the 14-26-inch rows.
Production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine by Using the ${\beta}$-Tyrosinase of Citrobacter freundii Overexpressed in Recombinant Escherichia coli. (1996)

By using the -tyrosinase of Citrobacter freundii KCT2006, which was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) was synthesized efficiently from pyrocatechol, sodium pyruvate, and ammonium acetate. Optimal temperature and pH for the reaction were determined to be about 18 and 8.5, respectively. The effects of substrate concentrations were also examined at different concentrations of ammonium acetate, sodium pyruvate, and pyrocatechol. Ammoniumacetate and sodium pyruvate increased the reaction rate until the concentrations reached to 300mM and 50mM, respectively. Although pyrocatechol showed the optimal concentration at 20mM, it was controlled between 20mM and 50mM to avoid the depletion of substrate during the enzymatic synthesis. Meanwhile the synthetic rate was improved about 20% when ethanol was included in the reaction solution. Based on above results, a reaction medium for the productin of L-DOPA was prepared and incubated with 1 unit/ml of -tyrosinase. Pyrocatechol and sodium pyruvate was added to the reaction solutin intermittently to avoid the substrate depletion during the enzymatic reaction. After 24 hour of reaction, 31.6g/l of L-DOPA was accumulated in the reaction solution as soluble and precipitated ones and the conversion yield was about 85.2%.
Brain-specific proteins: solid-phase immunobioluminescence assay for neuron-specific enolase in human plasma. (1984)

We raised specific antibodies in rabbits against pure alpha alpha- or gamma gamma-isoenzymes of enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) purified from human brain. After being specifically immunoabsorbed by the respective Sepharose-coupled enolase isoenzymes, the purified antibodies are desorbed by acidification and coated onto polystyrene tubes. Each sample containing the isoenzyme activity to be determined is incubated in the respective coated tube. The coating is then washed, and the reaction of the antibody-bound enzyme is initiated by adding 2-phosphoglycerate, ADP, and pyruvate kinase. The accumulation of ATP is measured by following the increase in light emission in the firefly luciferase bioluminescence system. The assay is as specific as the antibody used for coating. Its detection limit is about 5 X 10(-9) U, corresponding to about 0.1 pg or 10(-18) mol of enzyme protein per assay. Activities of enolase isoenzymes in human plasma can be evaluated separately, rapidly, and precisely. We used the assay to measure enolase isoenzyme activities in plasma of patients suffering from different types of malignant tumors.
Optimizing estimated loss reduction for active sampling in rank learning (2008)

Learning to rank is becoming an increasingly popular research area in machine learning. The ranking problem aims to induce an ordering or preference relations among a set of instances in the input space. However, collecting labeled data is growing into a burden in many rank applications since labeling requires eliciting the relative ordering over the set of alternatives. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning framework for SVM-based and boosting-based rank learning. Our approach suggests sampling based on maximizing the estimated loss differential over unlabeled data. Experimental results on two benchmark corpora show that the proposed model substantially reduces the labeling effort, and achieves superior performance rapidly with as much as 30% relative improvement over the margin-based sampling baseline.
Civil and Environmental Engineering (2010)

Nepal suffers from severe microbial contamination of its water supplies.Because of its relative poverty and large rural population, Nepal cannot afford to install centralized water treatment systems to serve the majority of its population in the near future, and therefore treatment must be on a household point-of-use scale.For the past two years, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nepal Water Project Master of Engineering teams have traveled to Nepal to research the water situation and try to devise a water treatment solution.In January 2001, I traveled to Nepal as part of this year's Nepal Water Project to study the pilot project implementation of a water treatment system, the BioSand Water Filter (BSF).The purpose of my thesis has been to evaluate the water needs and supplies, sanitation, contaminated water -health connection, and local attitudes towards filtration.I found that while there was widespread use and acceptance of the BSF, there was not a corresponding improvement in health.Additionally, there did not appear to be a complete understanding of water contamination and its various pathways.However, with a basic education and technical monitoring program accompanying the BSF distribution, health improvements should become more pronounced.
Heparan sulfate side chains have a critical role in the inhibitory effects of perlecan on vascular smooth muscle cell response to arterial injury (2014)

Perlecan is a proteoglycan composed of a 470-kDa core protein linked to three heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains. The intact proteoglycan inhibits the smooth muscle cell (SMC) response to vascular injury. Hspg2(Δ3/Δ3) (MΔ3/Δ3) mice produce a mutant perlecan lacking the HS side chains. The objective of this study was to determine differences between these two types of perlecan in modifying SMC activities to the arterial injury response, in order to define the specific role of the HS side chains. In vitro proliferative and migratory activities were compared in SMC isolated from MΔ3/Δ3 and wild-type mice. Proliferation of MΔ3/Δ3 SMC was 1.5× greater than in wild type (P < 0.001), increased by addition of growth factors, and showed a 42% greater migratory response than wild-type cells to PDGF-BB (P < 0.001). In MΔ3/Δ3 SMC adhesion to fibronectin, and collagen types I and IV was significantly greater than wild type. Addition of DRL-12582, an inducer of perlecan expression, decreased proliferation and migratory response to PDGF-BB stimulation in wild-type SMC compared with MΔ3/Δ3. In an in vivo carotid artery wire injury model, the medial thickness, medial area/lumen ratio, and macrophage infiltration were significantly increased in the MΔ3/Δ3 mice, indicating a prominent role of the HS side chain in limiting vascular injury response. Mutant perlecan that lacks HS side chains had a marked reduction in the inhibition of in vitro SMC function and the in vivo arterial response to injury, indicating the critical role of HS side chains in perlecan function in the vessel wall.
<title>Three-dimensional data capture system for stereo-video images</title> (1995)

This paper describes one of the industrial applications of our digital photogrammetric system VirtuoZo, namely a prototype system to collect 3D data from stereo-video pair sequences along a rail road track for clearance measurements. With the rapid developing of digital media such as charge-coupled-device (CCD) and digital video cameras, stereo images pairs can be captured in a much easier and faster way compared with traditional means. Digital photogrammetry can thus now be used in many new applications. However, with the geometry of CCD (or digital video) cameras different from the classic analogy metric camera, new relative orientation and epipolar image resampling algorithms have to be developed for these nonmetric cameras. An example of such a new application is given in this paper: a series of sequential stereo image pairs were captured by two digital cameras along a railway track from a moving rail platform, then relative orientation was done fully automatically by matching registering points in the two stereo scenes using a hierarchical relaxation image matching algorithm. Then, epipolar images are resampled from the original images by means of a relative linear transform, and finally a 3D data collection algorithm allows a user-friendly interface to the human operator for data capture on a SGI workstation under StereoView.
Irradiation-free, columnar defects comprised of self-assembled nanodots and nanorods resulting in strongly enhanced flux-pinning in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−δ</sub>films (2005)

The development of biaxially textured, second-generation, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires is expected to enable most large-scale applications of HTS materials, in particular electric-power applications. For many potential applications, high critical currents in applied magnetic fields are required. It is well known that columnar defects generated by irradiating high-temperature superconducting materials with heavy ions significantly enhance the in-field critical current density. Hence, for over a decade scientists world-wide have sought means to produce such columnar defects in HTS materials without the expense and complexity of ionizing radiation. Using a simple and practically scalable technique, we have succeeded in producing long, nearly continuous vortex pins along the c-axis in YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO), in the form of self-assembled stacks of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanodots and nanorods. The nanodots and nanorods have a diameter of ∼2–3 nm and an areal density ('matching field') of 8–10 T for 2 vol.% incorporation of BaZrO3. In addition, four misfit dislocations around each nanodot or nanorod are aligned and act as extended columnar defects. YBCO films with such defects exhibit significantly enhanced pinning with less sensitivity to magnetic fields H. In particular, at intermediate field values, the current density, Jc, varies as Jc∼H−α, with α∼0.3 rather than the usual values 0.5–0.65. Similar results were also obtained for CaZrO3 (CZO) and YSZ incorporation in the form of nanodots and nanorods within YBCO, indicating the broad applicability of the developed process. The process could also be used to incorporate self-assembled nanodots and nanorods within matrices of other materials for different applications, such as magnetic materials.
Defining the RNaseH2 enzyme-initiated ribonucleotide excision repair pathway in Archaea (2017)

Incorporation of ribonucleotides during DNA replication has severe consequences for genome stability. Although eukaryotes possess a number of redundancies for initiating and completing repair of misincorporated ribonucleotides, archaea such as <i>Thermococcus</i> rely only upon RNaseH2 to initiate the pathway. Because <i>Thermococcus</i> DNA polymerases incorporate as many as 1,000 ribonucleotides per genome, RNaseH2 must be efficient at recognizing and nicking at embedded ribonucleotides to ensure genome integrity. Here, we show that ribonucleotides are incorporated by the hyperthermophilic archaeon <i>Thermococcus kodakarensis</i> both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> and a robust ribonucleotide excision repair pathway is critical to keeping incorporation levels low in wild-type cells. Using pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetics experiments, we also show that archaeal RNaseH2 rapidly cleaves at embedded ribonucleotides (200-450 s<sup>-1</sup>), but exhibits an ∼1,000-fold slower turnover rate (0.06-0.17 s<sup>-1</sup>), suggesting a potential role for RNaseH2 in protecting or marking nicked sites for further processing. We found that following RNaseH2 cleavage, the combined activities of polymerase B (PolB), flap endonuclease (Fen1), and DNA ligase are required to complete ribonucleotide processing. PolB formed a ribonucleotide-containing flap by strand displacement synthesis that was cleaved by Fen1, and DNA ligase sealed the nick for complete repair. Our study reveals conservation of the overall mechanism of ribonucleotide excision repair across domains of life. The lack of redundancies in ribonucleotide repair in archaea perhaps suggests a more ancestral form of ribonucleotide excision repair compared with the eukaryotic pathway.
Identification of Potential Type III Secretion Proteins via Heterologous Expression of Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA (2012)

We employed a heterologous secretion assay to identify proteins potentially secreted by type III secretion systems (T3SSs) in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. N-terminal sequences from 32 proteins within T3SS genomic islands and seven proteins from elsewhere in the chromosome included proteins that were recognized for export by the Yersinia enterocolitica flagellar T3SS.
Oncogenic KRAS triggers MAPK-dependent errors in mitosis and MYC-dependent sensitivity to anti-mitotic agents (2016)

Oncogenic KRAS induces cell proliferation and transformation, but little is known about its effects on cell division. Functional genetic screens have recently revealed that cancer cell lines expressing oncogenic KRAS are sensitive to interference with mitosis, but neither the mechanism nor the uniformity of anti-mitotic drug sensitivity connected with mutant KRAS expression are yet clear. Here, we report that acute expression of oncogenic KRAS in HeLa cells induces mitotic delay and defects in chromosome segregation through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and de-regulated expression of several mitosis-related genes. These anomalies are accompanied by increased sensitivity to anti-mitotic agents, a phenotype dependent on the transcription factor MYC and its downstream target anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL. Unexpectedly, we find no correlation between KRAS mutational status or MYC expression levels and anti-mitotic drug sensitivity when surveying a large database of anti-cancer drug responses. However, we report that the co-existence of KRAS mutations and high MYC expression predicts anti-mitotic drug sensitivity. Our findings reveal a novel function of oncogenic KRAS in regulating accurate mitotic progression and suggest new avenues to therapeutically target KRAS-mutant tumours and stratify patients in ongoing clinical trials of anti-mitotic drugs.
Efficient and extremely long-lived organic light-emitting diodes based on dinaphthylperylene (2007)

We describe a synergistic effect of a lifetime-extending light-emitting-layer (LEL) additive and improved electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Previously reported di(2-naphthyl)perylene (DNP) serves as the LEL additive capable of extending the operating lifetime of OLEDs by over two orders of magnitude. Using 2-phenyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (PADN) as an electron-transport layer (ETL) and a separate layer of 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen) as an electron-injection layer (EIL) significantly improves electron delivery into the charge recombination zone relative to traditional ETL made of tris(8-quinolinolate)aluminum (Alq). This ETL∣EIL combination not only results in approximately seven times lower electric field in the ETL and, thus, lower drive voltage and higher efficiency devices, but can also increase device lifetime substantially. In a representative device containing a red-emitting LEL dopant [Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage 1931 2° color chromaticity coordinates (CIEx,y) of 0.65, 0.35], the external quantum efficiency, electroluminescence yield, drive voltage, and operating half-life (t50) can reach 5.8%, 6.5cd∕A, 4.5V, and ∼1000000h, respectively, all at 20mA∕cm2 current density.
Study on Optimum Arrangement of Trees for Design of Pleasant Outdoor Environment Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm And Coupled Simulation of Convection, Radiation and Conduction (2006)

Outdoor thermal environments represented by the urban heat-island phenomenon that accompanies urbanization have become markedly worse in recent years during summer in Japan. Many researches have been conducted into the effect of plants on the outdoor thermal environment during summer. However, the optimum design system for such plants has not been established yet. In this paper, (1) a multi-objective optimum design method for a comfortable outdoor thermal urban environment is developed using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA); and (2) in order to examine the validity of the proposed optimum design method, two cases are analyzed: a single-objective optimization problem from the viewpoint of human's comfort and a multi-objective optimization problem involving various factors, such as the landscape, outdoor thermal environment, and economy. The results of this method show the trade-off relationship between two or more objective functions, and the Pareto-optimal solution set is achieved.
Floral meristem initiation and meristem cell fate are regulated by the maize<i>AP2</i>genes<i>ids1</i>and<i>sid1</i> (2008)

Grass flowers are organized on small branches known as spikelets. In maize, the spikelet meristem is determinate, producing one floral meristem and then converting into a second floral meristem. The APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene indeterminate spikelet1 (ids1) is required for the timely conversion of the spikelet meristem into the floral meristem. Ectopic expression of ids1 in the tassel, resulting from a failure of regulation by the tasselseed4 microRNA, causes feminization and the formation of extra floral meristems. Here we show that ids1 and the related gene, sister of indeterminate spikelet1 (sid1), play multiple roles in inflorescence architecture in maize. Both genes are needed for branching of the inflorescence meristem, to initiate floral meristems and to control spikelet meristem determinacy. We show that reducing the levels of ids1 and sid1 fully suppresses the tasselseed4 phenotype, suggesting that these genes are major targets of this microRNA. Finally, sid1 and ids1 repress AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factors within the lateral organs of the spikelet, similar to the function of AP2 in Arabidopsis, where it is required for floral organ fate. Thus, although the targets of the AP2 genes are conserved between maize and Arabidopsis, the genes themselves have adopted novel meristem functions in monocots.
Relaxin prevents the development of severe acute pancreatitis (2006)

Relaxin resulted beneficial in the treatment of AP combining the properties of a GR agonist while preserving the microcirculation and favoring apoptosis over necrosis.
Combining Formal Concept Analysis with Information Retrieval for Concept Location in Source Code (2007)

The paper addresses the problem of concept location in source code by presenting an approach which combines formal concept analysis (FCA) and latent semantic indexing (LSI). In the proposed approach, LSI is used to map the concepts expressed in queries written by the programmer to relevant parts of the source code, presented as a ranked list of search results. Given the ranked list of source code elements, our approach selects most relevant attributes from these documents and organizes the results in a concept lattice, generated via FCA. The approach is evaluated in a case study on concept location in the source code of eclipse, an industrial size integrated development environment. The results of the case study show that the proposed approach is effective in organizing different concepts and their relationships present in the subset of the search results. The proposed concept location method outperforms the simple ranking of the search results, reducing the programmers' effort.
Vaccination of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed With Autologous Tumor Antigens in Combination With Interleukin-2: A Phase 1 Study (2002)

Dendritic cells (DC) have been recognized as the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC) of the immune system. We performed a phase 1 study in twelve patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using autologous immature DC loaded with autologous tumorlysate (TuLy) as a vaccine based on our earlier in vitro observations that such DC can activate tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. The treatment was combined with low-dose interleukin (IL)-2, as this has shown benefit in DC-based therapies. Patients received three intradermal vaccinations at two weekly intervals, and, after each vaccination, IL-2 was administered for 5 consecutive days. In six patients, keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was added to the DC culture for immunologic monitoring purposes. In general, DC phenotype was CD14(low), CD86(high), CD40(high), CD80(low), and CD83(low). We noticed that the number of CD14+ cultured DC increased during treatment. Nevertheless, ovalbumin uptake remained high, underlining that these cells were still functional immature DC. The vaccine was able to elicit cellular anti-KLH responses, emphasizing the ability of the injected DC to mount an immunologic response. However, proliferative responses against TuLy were not detected, and humoral responses against TuLy or KLH were absent. Objective clinical responses were not observed, but extended stable disease was noted. The absence of cellular, humoral, or clinical antitumor responses suggests that the vaccination strategy with immature DC has little benefit for patients with advanced RCC. Nevertheless, this study shows the feasibility of a completely autologous DC and tissue culture methodology for the generation of TuLy pulsed DC.
A postoligomerization synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts at the N6 position of deoxyadenosine. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA postoligomerization synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts at the N6 position of deoxyadenosine.Seong Jin Kim, Michael P. Stone, Constance M. Harris, and Thomas M. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5480–5481Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a101https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a101research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts