gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In silico</i> detection of control signals: mRNA 3′-end-processing sequences in diverse species (1999)

We have investigated mRNA 3'-end-processing signals in each of six eukaryotic species (yeast, rice, arabidopsis, fruitfly, mouse, and human) through the analysis of more than 20,000 3'-expressed sequence tags. The use and conservation of the canonical AAUAAA element vary widely among the six species and are especially weak in plants and yeast. Even in the animal species, the AAUAAA signal does not appear to be as universal as indicated by previous studies. The abundance of single-base variants of AAUAAA correlates with their measured processing efficiencies. As found previously, the plant polyadenylation signals are more similar to those of yeast than to those of animals, with both common content and arrangement of the signal elements. In all species examined, the complete polyadenylation signal appears to consist of an aggregate of multiple elements. In light of these and previous results, we present a broadened concept of 3'-end-processing signals in which no single exact sequence element is universally required for processing. Rather, the total efficiency is a function of all elements and, importantly, an inefficient word in one element can be compensated for by strong words in other elements. These complex patterns indicate that effective tools to identify 3'-end-processing signals will require more than consensus sequence identification.
Controlled preparation of oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> films (1992)

We describe a simple method based on the oxygen pressure-temperature phase diagram to prepare oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3Ox thin films. Systematic critical temperature and x-ray diffraction experiments clearly show that films with different oxygen contents (6.6≤x≤7) are obtained in a controlled, reproducible, and reversible way.
Monoclinic Structured BiVO<sub>4</sub> Nanosheets:  Hydrothermal Preparation, Formation Mechanism, and Coloristic and Photocatalytic Properties (2006)

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO(4)) nanosheets have been hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a morphology-directing template. The nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM). The BiVO(4) nanosheets had a monoclinic structure, were ca. 10-40 nm thick, and showed a preferred (010) surface orientation. The formation mechanism and the effects of reaction temperature and time on the products were investigated. UV-visible diffuse reflection spectra indicated that the BiVO(4) nanosheets had outstanding spectral selectivity and improved color properties compared with the corresponding bulk materials. Furthermore, the nanosheets showed good visible photocatalytic activities as determined by degradation of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylated rhodamine (RB) under solar irradiation.
The fumarate salts of the <i>N</i>-isopropyl-<i>N</i>-methyl derivatives of DMT and psilocin (2019)

The solid-state structures of the salts of two substituted tryptamines, namely <i>N</i>-isopropyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-tryptaminium (MiPT) fumarate {systematic name: [2-(1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl](meth-yl)propan-2-yl-aza-nium 3-carb-oxy-prop-2-enoate}, C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup>, and 4-hy-droxy-<i>N</i>-isopropyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-tryptaminium (4-HO-MiPT) fumarate monohydrate {systematic name: [2-(4-hy-droxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl](meth-yl)propan-2-yl-aza-nium 3-carb-oxy-prop-2-enoate monohydrate}, C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup>·H<sub>2</sub>O, are reported. Both salts possess a proton-ated tryptammonium cation and a 3-carb-oxy-acrylate (hydrogen fumarate) anion in the asymmetric unit; the 4-HO-MiPT structure also contains a water mol-ecule of crystallization. Both cations feature disorder of the side chain over two orientations, in a 0.630 (3):0.370 (3) ratio for MiPT and a 0.775 (5):0.225 (5) ratio for 4-HO-MiPT. In both extended structures, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate infinite two-dimensional networks.
Near-Field Study on Correlation of Localized Electric Field and Nanostructures in Monolayer Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

We clarified the relationship between near-field optical properties and the local structure in monolayer assembly of gold nanoparticles by using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The success of superposition of the SNOM image with the SEM image allows us to find that the intense electromagnetic field is localized at the rim part, especially the interstitial site of the dimerlike structure.
Analytic reconstruction of Compton scattering tomography (1999)

Compton scattering can be used to determine the electron densities of tissues for medical applications and those of materials for industrial applications. Much work has been devoted in solving the reconstruction problem. Norton proposed an analytic transform method for the reconstruction of Compton scattering tomography [J. Appl. Phys. 76, 2007 (1994)]. However, it is difficult to relate the response function presented by Norton to the measurement quantity. The aim of this article is to present an improved form of the detector response function which corresponds to the actual measurement and to verify the validation of the transform method for this problem.
Real-time image stabilization and mosaicking by using ground station CPU in UAV surveillance (2013)

A novel hardware independent real-time aerial image stabilization and mosaicking system developed for mini UAV surveillance is described. Results of the flight tests in actual surveillance conditions are presented. Comparison of the Modified Algorithm and SURF algorithm is provided. Considerations for constructing mosaics using infrared images and possible applications of space exploration are discussed.
Double-Bubblers Coupled with Pressure Transducers for Water Level Sensing (1984)

ABSTRACT THE use of bubblers coupled with pressure transducers to sense water level are analyzed. Errors commonly associated with pressure transducers are described and illustrated. Variously configured transducer/bubbler systems, the reliability of each, and correction procedures are noted. A unique correction procedure (continual transducer calibration), which utilizes two bubblers a known distance apart, was introduced and is referred to as the double-bubbler system. The head detection accuracy of the double-bubbler system is 1 mm, even with an inexpensive, nontemperature compensated transducer, and is independent of the transducer stability with temperature and time. The system requires an air supply to the bubblers, flow control to each bubbler, a technique for switching the air lines and a means of recording the transducer output. The head detection accuracy of the double-bubbler system exceeds the head detection accuracy required to provide a flow rate accuracy of 2% for many available flumes and weirs commonly used in irrigation canals
Efficient Dependency-Guided Named Entity Recognition (2018)

Named entity recognition (NER), which focuses on the extraction of semantically meaningful named entities and their semantic classes from text, serves as an indispensable component for several down-stream natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as relation extraction and event extraction. Dependency trees, on the other hand, also convey crucial semantic-level information. It has been shown previously that such information can be used to improve the performance of NER (Sasano and Kurohashi 2008, Ling and Weld 2012). In this work, we investigate on how to better utilize the structured information conveyed by dependency trees to improve the performance of NER. Specifically, unlike existing approaches which only exploit dependency information for designing local features, we show that certain global structured information of the dependency trees can be exploited when building NER models where such information can provide guided learning and inference. Through extensive experiments, we show that our proposed novel dependency-guided NER model performs competitively with models based on conventional semi-Markov conditional random fields, while requiring significantly less running time.
Design of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle Used for Marine Environment Monitoring (2009)

This paper presents the design of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) used for marine environment monitoring or hydrologic survey. A catamaran is used to improve stability against waves, and the shape of high-speed ship is exploited to reduce the resistance. The characteristics of resistance, electric motor and propeller are optimally matched, so that the battery power is saved and the endurance is improved. By using wireless local loop based on IP, the reliability of remotely operated system is increased and distance of effective communication is extended. All the compartmentalized cabins are modularized and configured with universal data interfaces to facilitate connecting various instruments. Tests on near sea show that the ASV can do both fixed-spot observation as a moored buoy and cruise observation as a survey vessel. In addition, it can reach shallow areas where a survey vessel cannot access. Therefore, it can be widely used on water surface of river, lake and ocean for environment monitoring, survey and exploration.
Weekly paclitaxel in Japanese women with metastatic or advanced breast cancer (2006)

10702 Background: Weekly administration of paclitaxel (WP) has been reported to be at least as well-tolerated and effective as conventional tri-weekly treatment (TP). The present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel treatment for japanese women with metastatic or advanced breast cancer. Methods: Eligibility criteria included < 75 years of age, histologically-proven advanced or recurrent breast cancer, and performance status (PS) of 0 to 2. Patients were scheduled to receive at least one course of paclitaxel 100 mg/m 2 /week for 6 consecutive weeks followed by 1 week off. The present WP results were compared with the previous TP data generated by the same trial group in Japan. In the TP group, paclitaxel 210 mg/m 2 was given every 3 weeks up to 3 cycles or more until tumor progression or severe toxicity was observed. Results: From December 2002 to July 2005, 69 patients were enrolled into the study of WP and 68 were eligible for evaluation. All were previously treated, and 51 of 69 patients (73.9%) had received anthracyclines prior to this study. The median age was 55 years (range 27–74), and 66 patients (95.7%) had PS of 0–1. Sixty nine patients have been analyzed for efficacy and toxicity by the evaluation committee. The median dose intensity was 81.25 mg/m 2 per week. In total, 270 courses of WP were administered (median 3 courses; range 1–13). Three patients entered into complete remission (CR) and 28 achieved partial response (PR) by the WHO response criteria with a response rate (RR) of 44.9%, which is similar to RR in the historical TP group (RR of 33.9% in 62 Patients). Median duration of response was 238 days (range 91–631). Time to progression was 193 days. It is of note that grade 3–4 neutropenia was observed less frequently in WP as compared with TP (37.7 vs. 93.3%). Other major toxicities including peripheral neuropathy (PNP) appear to be similar between the two regimens through all toxicity grades of PNP (WP and TP group; 89.9% and 93.3%, respectively). Conclusion: WP appears to have similar or better efficacy with better toxicity profile as TP in patients with metastatic or advanced breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
THz optical beat frequency generation from a single mode locked semiconductor laser (1997)

We demonstrate ultrahigh repetition rate beat signal generation by filtering two modes from the optical spectrum of a 110 GHz pulse train produced by a 1.56 μm wavelength, subharmonic hybrid mode locked monolithic semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector laser. The beat signal repetition rate can be tuned to any higher harmonic of the 110 GHz frequency up to 1.34 THz. Furthermore, the filtering technique facilitates low phase noise and synchronization with these signals.
Feature selection for detection of peer-to-peer botnet traffic (2013)

The use of anomaly-based classification of intrusions has increased significantly for Intrusion Detection Systems. Large number of training data samples and a good 'feature set' are two primary requirements to build effective classification models with machine learning algorithms. Since the amount of data available for malicious traffic will often be small compared to the available traces of benign traffic, extraction of 'good' features which enable detection of malicious traffic is a challenging area of work.
Mathematics handbook for science and engineering (1996)

1 Fundamentals. Discrete Mathematics.- 2 Algebra.- 3 Geometry and Trigonometry.- 4 Linear Algebra.- 5 The Elementary Functions.- 6 Differential Calculus (one variable).- 7 Integral Calculus.- 8 Sequences and Series.- 9 Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE).- 10 Multidimensional Calculus.- 11 Vector Analysis.- 12 Orthogonal Series and Special Functions.- 13 Transforms.- 14 Complex Analysis.- 15 Optimization.- 16 Numerical Analysis.- 17 Probability Theory.- 18 Statistics.- 19 Miscellaneous.- Glossary of functions.- Glossary of symbols.
A novel satd based fast intra prediction for HEVC (2017)

To better exploit spatial correlations in a video frame, the HEVC video coding standard has introduced many intra prediction modes and a recursive quadtree-based coding unit (CU) structure. As a result, the complexity of Rate-distortion optimized (RDO) HEVC intra mode selection is significantly higher. Many techniques have been proposed to expedite the intra mode selection process to achieve a good overall trade-off between complexity and RD performance. In this paper, we proposed a fast intra decision algorithm consisting of three parts: calculation reduction, adaptive intra candidate selection, and fast depth decision used early termination. Experiments conducted using the HEVC common test conditions show an average of 61.1% (up to 67.7%) time saving with only 1.03% increase in Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) using the proposed algorithm, out-performing existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
A reasoning-based framework for car driver&#x2019;s stress prediction (2008)

In this work, we present a novel methodology based on a dynamic Bayesian network for the estimation of car drivers stress produced due to specific driving events. the proposed methodology monitors driverpsilas stress using selected biosignals and provides a probabilistic framework in order to infer the driving events resulting in stress level increase. We conducted a series of experiments under real driving conditions. The extracted results indicate a strong correlation between the level of the stress as reported by the driver and the outcome of our model.
Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on the Surface and Interfacial Film Properties of Asphaltenes Investigated by Langmuir Balance and Brewster Angle Microscopy (2010)

The interfacial film properties of asphaltenes and their mixtures with nonionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols) have been investigated using a Langmuir trough and a Brewster angle microscope (BAM). The effects of asphaltene concentration, surfactant/asphaltene ratio, and surfactant HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) have been studied at the air-water interface. The BAM image for asphaltenes show irregular domains with various structures even before compression, indicating preaggregation of asphaltenes in the spreading solution. The film morphology depends on both concentration and total amount of asphaltenes in the spreading solution. Lower proportions of surfactant (5 wt %) compared to asphaltenes increases the film compressibility and disperses the asphaltene domains; however, the behavior of the surface film is still dominated by asphaltenes. When the proportion of surfactant is increased to 50 wt %, surfactant molecules can occupy the interface top layer with multilayer formation by asphaltenes beneath this layer, and a relatively homogeneous film is observed by BAM. At the oil-water interface, surfactant was examined as both an inhibitor and a demulsifier for water-in-oil emulsions. Surfactants with intermediate HLB = 14.2 are most efficient in both cases preventing asphaltene adsorption at the interface by competitive adsorption and breaking the existing asphaltene film by displacement of asphaltenes from the interface.
PPAR-&#947; Agonists as Regulators of Microglial Activation and Brain Inflammation (2006)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) belongs to a large group of nuclear receptors controlling reproduction, metabolism, development and immune response. Upon activation by specific agonists, these receptors form dimers and translocate to the nucleus, where they act as agonist-dependent transcription factors and regulate gene expression by binding to specific promoter regions of target genes. The observation that PPAR-gamma is involved in the regulation of macrophage differentiation and activation in the peripheral organs has prompted the investigation of the functional role of PPAR-gamma in microglial cells, the main macrophage population of the CNS. The present review summarizes the several lines of evidence supporting that PPAR-gamma natural and synthetic agonists may control brain inflammation by inhibiting several functions associated to microglial activation, such as the expression of surface antigens and the synthesis of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, one of the major natural PPAR-gamma agonist, 15d-prostaglandin J(2) may contribute to the safe elimination of activated microglia by inducing apoptosis. Synthetic PPAR-gamma agonists do not entirely reproduce the range of 15d-prostaglandin J(2) effects, suggesting that PPAR-gamma independent mechanisms are also involved in the action of this prostaglandin. In addition to microglia, PPAR-gamma agonists affect functions and survival of other neural cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Although most of the evidence comes from in vitro observations, an increasing number of studies in animal models further supports the potential therapeutic use of PPAR-gamma agonists in human brain diseases including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
Strategies for developing a Helicobacter pylori vaccine (1999)

Novel strategies are needed to control infection with Helicobacter pylori. Prophylactic and therapeutic immunization against this gastric pathogen is possible in animal models, and initial human studies in H. pylori-infected subjects showed that immunization with H. pylori urease is both safe and immunogenic. In rodents, gastric protection against Helicobacter species infection does not depend on the humoral immune response, and a prominent role of the major histocompatibility complex II-restricted CD4(+) T-cell response is recognized; however, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of effective bactericidal response. A clear understanding of the basic mechanisms of gastric immune protection in humans is of the utmost importance for the development of an effective human vaccine. More potent vaccines are likely to be required to induce protection in humans. The availability of two complete genome sequences of H. pylori represents a unique opportunity to identify novel vaccine antigens. Multivalent vaccines delivered by recombinant attenuated bacteria or administered with nontoxic adjuvants need to be evaluated in relevant models.
Atomic layer epitaxy for the growth of heterostructures (2003)

The atomic layer epitaxial (ALE) growth of thin GaAs layers and their inclusion in quantum well devices is described. Uniform, high-quality materials have been grown by a modification of the MOCVD process that allows a single-monolayer control over layer thickness by relying on surface-controlled processes. Laser excitation has been used during ALE growth to deposit ultrathin layers of GaAs layers selectively and to form buried heterostructures. The growth techniques, materials and device properties, and applications to new areas are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reissert compound chemistry. XXVI. The syntheses of bis‐benzylisoquinolines (1976)

Abstract The condensation of the anion of isoquinoline Reissert compounds with diaryl ethers is reported. These condensation products are converted into analogues of bis‐benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.
Serum uric acid, mortality and glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a PreCIS database study (2007)

Serum uric acid predicts mortality in Type 2 diabetic patients regardless of gender, HbA(1c), renal function and diuretic use. Intervention studies should determine whether uric acid is a potential therapeutic target or only a marker of mortality risk.
DSP Implementation of Rotor Position Detection Method for Hybrid Stepper Motors (2006)

To improve the dynamic performance of the stepper motor it can be driven with a closed loop control. For sensorless control, initial rotor position detection is one of the serious problems. At standstill, if the rotor position is inaccurately detected, the stepper motor can move in the wrong direction or do not start at all. The method that uses inductance saliency to detect the initial rotor position is very suitable for hybrid Stepper motor (HSM) which is highly saturated. This paper will present experimental results for the initial rotor position estimation. At standstill, a sequence of voltage pulses is applied and the measured peak current gives information about rotor position. The DSP System used for the implementation is based on the powerful DS 1103 controller board from dSPACE. It allows programming dynamic real-time systems using Matlab/Simulink environment
Impact of acid secretion, gastritis, and mucus thickness on gastric transfer of antibiotics in rats (2002)

Metronidazole and clarithromycin are predominantly transferred with gastric acid rather than by an acid trapping mechanism. Pronase increases the appearance of amoxicillin and metronidazole in gastric secretions.