gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Queueing Theory to Describe Adaptive Mathematical Models of Computational Systems with Resource Virtualization and Model Verification by Similarly Configured Virtual Server (2019)

The paper dwells upon preparing and verifying mathematical models of virtualized computational systems (CS). Today, virtualization and virtual machines are among the most efficient approaches to improving computer performance. This research is to describe, study, and verify adaptive models of virtualized CS by using servers configured similarly to such models; the researchers also seek to develop a method for making adaptive virtualization-based CS models. The research is to produce a procedure for experimental making and verification of mathematical virtualized-CS models; the procedure will create a virtual server on a host platform and monitor its performance under heavy load. Virtualization can use hardware and firmware, or software (OS level). This paper considers natural virtualization. Known models are not applicable to virtualized CS, as they cannot run comprehensive analysis to find the most efficient way of initial resource distribution and to optimize such distribution for a particular application. The mathematics this paper uses is the closed queueing networks (CQN). Experiments produced simple models for analyzing various CS structures. To be adaptive, the models use triggers that track and adjust the processing channel power in individual queueing systems (QS) to a particular application. The conclusions present the findings of this research. Experiments prove the obtained results reliable and usable as a flexible tool for studying the virtualization properties when structuring a CS. This knowledge could be of use for businesses interested in optimizing the server configuration for their IT infrastructure, e.g. for testing, remote offices, etc., since renting a virtual server is cheaper than buying one.
A Web Usage Mining Framework for Mining Evolving User Profiles in Dynamic Web Sites (2008)

In this paper, we present a complete framework and findings in mining Web usage patterns from Web log files of a real Web site that has all the challenging aspects of real-life Web usage mining, including evolving user profiles and external data describing an ontology of the Web content. Even though the Web site under study is part of a nonprofit organization that does not "sell" any products, it was crucial to understand "who" the users were, "what" they looked at, and "how their interests changed with time," all of which are important questions in Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Hence, we present an approach for discovering and tracking evolving user profiles. We also describe how the discovered user profiles can be enriched with explicit information need that is inferred from search queries extracted from Web log data. Profiles are also enriched with other domain-specific information facets that give a panoramic view of the discovered mass usage modes. An objective validation strategy is also used to assess the quality of the mined profiles, in particular their adaptability in the face of evolving user behavior.
Kinetics of amine‐cyclic anhydride reactions in moderately polar solutions (1995)

Abstract The validity of extrapolating the reactivity of low molar mass compounds in solution to the polymer‐analogous chemistry between polymer‐bound functionality is investigated for the reaction of primary amines with cyclic anhydrides in the moderately polar solvents, anisole and tetraethyleneglycol dimethylether. The kinetics of amic‐acid formation and imidization of polymeric and small molecule mixtures measured by Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy at near‐ambient and elevated temperatures are compared. A Significant decrease in both reaction rates is observed upon changing the primary amine from aliphatic to benzylic, benzylic to 1,2‐diphenylethylamine, and 1,2‐diphenylethylamine to polystyrene‐bound 1,2‐diphenylethylamine. Reasons for the influence of polymer‐bound chemical functionality on the reaction rates for these amines are discussed. The imidization step is found to be rate limiting in the reaction of phthalic anhydride with benzylamine at the functional group concentrations reported (0.14 M or less). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimization of Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Multilayer Pzt Transducers (1995)

In medical ultrasound imaging, two-dimensional (2-D) array transducers are desirable to implement dynamic focusing and phase aberration correction in two dimensions as well as volumetric imaging. Unfortunately, the small size of a 2-D array element results in a small clamped capacitance and a large electrical impedance near the resonance frequency. This results in poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the array elements. It has previously been demonstrated that transducers made from multilayer PZT ceramics have lower electrical impedance and greater SNR than comparable single layer elements. A simplified circuit model has been developed to optimize the SNR for multilayer ceramic (MLC) transducers. In this model, an electronic transmitter excites the array element and in the receive mode, the element drives a coaxial cable load terminated by a high impedance preamplifier. The transducer impedance is Zt/N2, where N is the number of piezoelectric layers. Maximum transmit signal is obtained when N = Ntx such that the transducer impedance, Zt/Ntx2, is matched to the source impedance. Maximum receive signal is obtained when N = Nrx such that the transducer impedance, Zt/Nrx2, is matched to the coaxial cable reactance. For maximum pulse-echo signal, the transducer should be designed with N = square root of Ntx Nrx, the geometric mean of Ntx and Nrx. Using this optimization technique, a 1.5-D array was designed with 3 layers for maximum pulse-echo SNR. Results of simulations from the simplified circuit analysis were consistent with those of the KLM model. The 3 layer array was fabricated as well as a single layer control array. The measured transmit signal and receive signal agreed with the simulation results.
A Framework for Data-Driven Robotics (2019)

We present a framework for data-driven robotics that makes use of a large
dataset of recorded robot experience and scales to several tasks using learned
reward functions. We show how to apply this framework to accomplish three
different object manipulation tasks on a real robot platform. Given
demonstrations of a task together with task-agnostic recorded experience, we
use a special form of human annotation as supervision to learn a reward
function, which enables us to deal with real-world tasks where the reward
signal cannot be acquired directly. Learned rewards are used in combination
with a large dataset of experience from different tasks to learn a robot policy
offline using batch RL. We show that using our approach it is possible to train
agents to perform a variety of challenging manipulation tasks including
stacking rigid objects and handling cloth.
Wireless mesh networks (2008)

Wireless telemedicine using GSM and GPRS technologies can only provide low bandwidth connections, which makes it difficult to transmit images and video. Satellite or 3G wireless transmission provides greater bandwidth, but the running costs are high. Wireless networks (WLANs) appear promising, since they can supply high bandwidth at low cost. However, the WLAN technology has limitations, such as coverage. A new wireless networking technology named the wireless mesh network (WMN) overcomes some of the limitations of the WLAN. A WMN combines the characteristics of both a WLAN and ad hoc networks, thus forming an intelligent, large scale and broadband wireless network. These features are attractive for telemedicine and telecare because of the ability to provide data, voice and video communications over a large area. One successful wireless telemedicine project which uses wireless mesh technology is the Emergency Room Link (ER-LINK) in Tucson, Arizona, USA. There are three key characteristics of a WMN: self-organization, including self-management and self-healing; dynamic changes in network topology; and scalability. What we may now see is a shift from mobile communication and satellite systems for wireless telemedicine to the use of wireless networks based on mesh technology, since the latter are very attractive in terms of cost, reliability and speed.
Capillary electrophoresis of proteins 2003–2005 (2005)

This review article with 304 references describes recent developments in CE of proteins, and covers the two years since the previous review (Hutterer, K., Dolník, V., Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 3998-4012) through Spring 2005. It covers topics related to CE of proteins, including modeling of the electrophoretic migration of proteins, sample pretreatment, wall coatings, improving separation, various forms of detection, special electrophoretic techniques such as affinity CE, CIEF, and applications of CE to the analysis of proteins in real-world samples including human body fluids, food and agricultural samples, protein pharmaceuticals, and recombinant protein preparations.
Review and current status of SPECT scatter correction (2011)

Detection of scattered gamma quanta degrades image contrast and quantitative accuracy of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This paper reviews methods to characterize and model scatter in SPECT and correct for its image degrading effects, both for clinical and small animal SPECT. Traditionally scatter correction methods were limited in accuracy, noise properties and/or generality and were not very widely applied. For small animal SPECT, these approximate methods of correction are often sufficient since the fraction of detected scattered photons is small. This contrasts with patient imaging where better accuracy can lead to significant improvement of image quality. As a result, over the last two decades, several new and improved scatter correction methods have been developed, although often at the cost of increased complexity and computation time. In concert with (i) the increasing number of energy windows on modern SPECT systems and (ii) excellent attenuation maps provided in SPECT/CT, some of these methods give new opportunities to remove degrading effects of scatter in both standard and complex situations and therefore are a gateway to highly quantitative single- and multi-tracer molecular imaging with improved noise properties. Widespread implementation of such scatter correction methods, however, still requires significant effort.
Effective alpha-particle-mediated radioimmunotherapy of murine leukemia. (1992)

The specificity, toxicity, and efficacy of alpha-particle-mediated radioimmunotherapy of murine erythroleukemia was assessed by use of tumor-specific monoclonal antibody 103A labeled with 212Bi. Forty % of the injected dose/g tissue targeted to neoplastic spleens within 1 h after i.v. injection. When 212Bi-103A was injected on day 13 of disease, a dose-dependent response was achieved, as measured by a reduction in splenomegaly and absence of liver metastasis. Mice treated with 212Bi-103A on day 8 of disease showed no histological evidence of erythroleukemia on day 22 and survived significantly longer (median, 118 days) than mice treated with 212Bi-control IgG (78 days) or untreated mice (63 days), indicating successful specific radioimmunotherapy.
NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF 2D-GREEN FUNCTION OF VISCOELASTIC MULTILAYERED HALFPLANE FOR CONCENTRATED/DISTRIBUTED FORCES (1992)

本論文は, 2次元粘弾性多層半無限地盤の調和集中力/分布力加振に対するグリーン関数の数値計算法を示したものである. 解法として, Navier 法動方程式の水平方向伝播について Fourier 変換を施し, 各層の動的剛性マトリックス, 加振層の外力ベクトルから全体層の方程式を作成し, この法数領域解を逆 Fourier 変換, つまり法数積分において, 修正 Clenshaw-Curtis 法を用いる場合の合理的な誤差評価法を提案し, 同積分を効率的に遂行する手法を示した.
Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer (2006)

Research on colorectal cancer needs to be stratified according to microsatellite status in order further to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinicopathological consequences of MSI.
Nonstructural Protein 2 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Inhibits the Antiviral Function of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (2012)

Type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/β]) stimulates the expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which encodes a ubiquitin-like protein, ISG15. Free ISG15 and ISG15 conjugates function in diverse cellular pathways, particularly regulation of antiviral innate immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that ISG15 overexpression inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication in cell culture and that the antiviral activity of interferon is reduced by inhibition of ISG15 conjugation. PRRSV nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) was previously identified as a potential antagonist of ISG15 production and conjugation. The protein contains a papain-like protease domain (PLP2) that plays a crucial role in the proteolytic cleavage of the PRRSV replicase polyproteins. PLP2 was also proposed to belong to the ovarian tumor domain-containing superfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which is capable of inhibiting ISG15 production and counteracting ISG15 conjugation to cellular proteins. To determine whether this immune antagonist function could be selectively inactivated, we engineered a panel of mutants with deletions and/or mutations at the N-terminal border of the nsp2 PLP2-DUB domain. A 23-amino-acid deletion (amino acids 402 to 424 of the ORF1a-encoded protein) largely abolished the inhibitory effect of nsp2 on ISG15 production and conjugation, but no viable recombinant virus was recovered. A 19-amino-acid deletion (amino acids 402 to 420), in combination with a downstream point mutation (S465A), partially relieved the ISG15 antagonist function and yielded a viable recombinant virus. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ISG15 and ISGylation play an important role in the response to PRRSV infection and that nsp2 is a key factor in counteracting the antiviral function of ISG15.
PXI express: extending backplanes to 6 gbyte/s while maintaining backwards compatibility (2006)

The PXI Express specification integrates PCI Express signaling into PXI to enable new levels of performance in modular instrumentation systems. By leveraging the commercially available PCI Express industry standard, future PXI systems can benefit from both very high performance as well as high component availability at lower costs. PXI Express maintains backwards compatibility with the PXI specifications in three ways. First, software compatibility is provided inherently in the architecture, as the PCI Express software model is backwards compatible with PCI by design. Second, PXI Express defines slots that accept either a high performance module that uses PCI express for data transfers, or a module designed to the PXI specification using PCI for data transfers. Third, the PXI Express specification allows for chassis with PXI slots that do not have PCI Express signaling. This combination of software and hardware compatibility allows both customers and vendors to preserve their investments in existing systems, modules, software, and designs
Average trajectory calculation for batch processes using Dynamic Time Warping (2010)

This paper proposes a method for fault detection of batch processes. The method utilizes Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) which has been used to synchronize batch trajectories, making all batch data equal in length, as a preprocessing tool of Multi-way Principal Component Analysis (MPCA). When DTW is used, an adjustment window condition, within which the synchronization is allowed in the time axis, should be defined beforehand. It is difficult to define the adjustment window appropriately, especially when the window needs to be changed dynamically throughout the process. Conventional DTW uses too simple formulations to define the window. The proposed method firstly calculates an trajectory, which includes information of elapsed time of normal trajectories. Then the method can automatically define the adjustment window appropriately when DTW between the average trajectory and new trajectories is done according to the information.
Biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome (2015)

Biomarkers play an important role in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease. Currently, troponin continues as the reference biomarker in acute coronary syndromes. However, there are other biomarkers that have shown additional value in improving sensitivity and prognostic information. Several promising molecules are reviewed, some related to cardiomyocyte structure and others working as inflammatory and renal function markers. Although many biomarkers have been shown useful in some studies, further prospective studies are needed to establish their accurate usefulness in routine clinical practice.
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni added to foods by using a combined selective enrichment and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) (1995)

An assay to detect Campylobacter jejuni in foods that uses a short selective enrichment culture, a simple and rapid isolation procedure, NASBA amplification of RNA, and a nonradioactive in solution hybridization was studied. The presence of high numbers of indigenous flora affected the sensitivity of the assay. However, detection of C. jejuni was possible up to a ratio of indigenous flora to C. jejuni of 10,000:1. Interference by food components was eliminated by centrifugation following the enrichment step. Fourteen food samples artificially inoculated with C. jejuni (1 to 1,000 CFU/10 g) were analyzed with the NASBA assay and the conventional culture method with Campylobacter charcoal differential agar (CCDA). A few false-negative results were obtained by both NASBA (1.42%) and CCDA (2.86%) isolation. Yet the use of enrichment culture and NASBA shortened the analysis time from 6 days to 26 h. The relative simplicity and rapidity of the NASBA assay make it an attractive alternative for detection of C. jejuni in food samples.
Adenovirus-mediated intralesional interferon-γ gene transfer induces tumor regressions in cutaneous lymphomas (2004)

Primary cutaneous lymphomas have been successfully treated with interferons (IFNs), counterbalancing the T-helper 2 (Th2)-skewing state. We undertook a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalating trial of repeated intratumoral administration of TG1042 in patients with advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) and multilesional cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs). TG1042 is a third-generation, nonreplicating human adenovirus vector containing a human IFN-gamma cDNA insert. Nine patients (7 CTCL, 2 CBCL) were enrolled at the following TG1042 doses: 3 x 10(9), 3 x 10(10), and 3 x 10(11) total particles. Local clinical response was observed in 5 of 9 treated patients (3 patients with complete response [CR] and 2 patients with partial response [PR]). Out of these, 3 patients showed systemic CR with the clearance of other noninjected skin lesions. Clinical response lasted for a median of 3 months (range, 1-6 months). Adverse events were mostly of grades 1 and 2. Seven of 9 treated patients had a detectable TG1042-derived IFN-gamma message in injected lesions after the first treatment cycle. A TG1042-IFN-gamma message was also detectable after several treatment cycles. We demonstrate the induction of humoral immune response to lymphoma tumor-antigen se70-2 after treatment. Our study shows that intralesional injections of TG1042 are both safe and well tolerated.
The marvelous, monstrous, mythical, marine mollusk, Cochlea sarmatica Thevet, 1575 (2002)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Reproductive abnormalities in glyphosate-resistant cotton caused by lower CP4-EPSPS levels in the male reproductive tissue (2002)

Glyphosate treatments to glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton have been associated with poor pollination and increased boll abortion. Anatomical studies were conducted to characterize the effect of glyphosate treatments on the development of male and female reproductive organs of cotton flowers at anthesis. In comparison with nontreated plants, glyphosate applied at both the four-leaf stage postemergence (POST) and at the eight-leaf stage POST directed inhibited the elongation of the staminal column and filament, which increased the distance from the anthers to the receptive stigma tip by 4.9 to 5.7 mm during the first week of flowering. The increased distance from the anthers to the stigma resulted in 42% less pollen deposited on stigmas of glyphosate-treated plants than in nontreated plants. Moreover, pollen from glyphosate-treated plants showed numerous morphological abnormalities. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of large vacuoles, numerous starch grains, and less organized pockets of the endoplasmic reticulum containing fewer ribosomes in pollen from glyphosate-treated plants than from nontreated plants. Pollen development in glyphosate-treated plants is likely inhibited or aborted at the vacuolate microspore and vacuolate microgamete stages of microgametogenesis, resulting in immature pollen at anthesis. Although stigmas from glyphosate-treated plants were 1.2 to 1.4 mm longer than those from nontreated plants, no other anatomical differences in stigmas were visibly evident. The presence of the GR 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4-EPSPS) enzyme from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 was quantified in reproductive and vegetative tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The content of CP4-EPSPS in the stigma, anther, preanthesis floral bud (square), and flower petals was significantly less than that in the vegetative leaf tissue. Glyphosate effects on the male reproductive development resulting in poor pollen deposition on the stigma, as well as production of aborted pollen with reduced viability, provide a likely explanation for reports of increased boll abortion and pollination problems in glyphosate-treated GR cotton.
UV-Enhanced a-Si:H Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetector (2008)

Planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors with very thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si) films were fabricated for the detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Since DNA and proteins strongly absorb UV radiation, these detectors find application in DNA and protein detection. The performance of top and bottom electrode MSM structures with aluminum electrodes is compared. The measured results include a responsivity of 150 mA/W and an external quantum efficiency of 74% at a wavelength of 260 nm for the top electrode configuration at a bias of 2 V/mum and a 10-mum finger spacing.
Catalytic Hydration of Pyridinecarbonitriles in the Presence of [Cu(en)2]Cl2·2H2O and CuCl2·2H2O (1974)

Abstract Spectrophotometric studies on the catalytic hydration of 2-pyridinecarbonitrile derivatives in the presence of [Cu(en)2]Cl2·2H2O and CuCl2·2H2O under nearly neutral conditions revealed that the products are their amides. In some cases, the yields were calculated from the weight of amides obtained. The hydration of the nitrile group was influenced by electronic and steric effects. Selective hydration of the nitrile group in α-position was observed in the case of dinitrile. The selectivity was applied to hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids.