gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calpain inhibitor I reduces the activation of nuclear factor‐κΒ and organ injury/dysfunction in hemorrhagic shock (2001)

There is limited evidence that inhibition of the activity of the cytosolic cysteine protease calpain reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury. The multiple organ injury associated with hemorrhagic shock is due at least in part to ischemia (during hemorrhage) and reperfusion (during resuscitation) of target organs. Here we investigate the effects of calpain inhibitor I on the organ injury (kidney, liver, pancreas, lung, intestine) and dysfunction (kidney) associated with hemorrhagic shock in the anesthetized rat. Hemorrhage and resuscitation with shed blood resulted in an increase in calpain activity (heart), activation of NF-kappaB (kidney), expression of iNOS and COX-2 (kidney), and the development of multiple organ injury and dysfunction, all of which were attenuated by calpain inhibitor I (10 mg/kg i.p.), administered 30 min prior to hemorrhage. Chymostatin, a serine protease inhibitor that does not prevent the activation of NF-kappaB, had no effect on the organ injury/failure caused by hemorrhagic shock. Pretreatment (for 1 h) of murine macrophages or rat aortic smooth muscle cells (activated with endotoxin) with calpain inhibitor I attenuated the binding of activated NF-kappaB to DNA and the degradation of IkappaBalpha, IkappaBbeta, and IkappaBvarepsilon. Selective inhibition of iNOS activity with L-NIL reduced the circulatory failure and liver injury, while selective inhibition of COX-2 activity with SC58635 reduced the renal dysfunction and liver injury caused by hemorrhagic shock. Thus, we provide evidence that the mechanisms by which calpain inhibitor I reduces the circulatory failure as well as the organ injury and dysfunction in hemorrhagic shock include 1) inhibition of calpain activity, 2) inhibition of the activation of NF-kappaB and thus prevention of the expression of NFkappaB-dependent genes, 3) prevention of the expression of iNOS, and 4) prevention of the expression of COX-2. Inhibition of calpain activity may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of hemorrhagic shock.
Phospholipid Flippase Activity of the Reconstituted P-Glycoprotein Multidrug Transporter (2001)

The P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter acts as an ATP-powered efflux pump for a large variety of hydrophobic drugs, natural products, and peptides. The protein is proposed to interact with its substrates within the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. There is indirect evidence to suggest that P-glycoprotein can also transport, or "flip", short chain fluorescent lipids between leaflets of the membrane. In this study, we use a fluorescence quenching technique to directly show that P-glycoprotein reconstituted into proteoliposomes translocates a wide variety of NBD lipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of the bilayer. Flippase activity depended on ATP hydrolysis at the outer surface of the proteoliposome, and was inhibited by vanadate. P-Glycoprotein exhibited a broad specificity for phospholipids, and translocated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin. Lipid derivatives that were flipped included molecules with long, short, unsaturated, and saturated acyl chains and species with the NBD group covalently linked to either acyl chains or the headgroup. The extent of lipid translocation from the outer to the inner leaflet in a 20 min period at 37 degrees C was directly estimated, and fell in the range of 0.36-1.83 nmol/mg of protein. Phospholipid flipping was inhibited in a concentration-dependent, saturable fashion by various substrates and modulators, including vinblastine, verapamil, and cyclosporin A, and the efficiency of inhibition correlated well with the affinity of binding to Pgp. Taken together, these results suggest that P-glycoprotein carries out both lipid translocation and drug transport by the same path. The transporter may be a generic flippase for hydrophobic molecules with the correct steric attributes that are present within the membrane interior.
Heat stress ameliorates ATP depletion-induced sublethal injury in mouse proximal tubule cells (1997)

The role of prior heat stress (HS) in ameliorating changes in the actin cytoskeleton and the loss of tight junction integrity that accompany ATP depletion was examined. Mouse proximal tubule cells in primary culture were exposed to sodium cyanide (CN) in the absence of dextrose for 1 h, a maneuver that produced equivalent degrees of ATP depletion in control and in HS cells. After ATP depletion, actin stress fibers were completely disrupted in control cells. In contrast, HS cells with elevated HSP-72 content showed preservation of stress fibers after CN exposure. ATP depletion in control and HS cells produced similar and reversible depletion of the G-actin pool without altering total actin content. Integrity of the tight junction was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and unidirectional flux of lucifer yellow (LY, mol wt 482). After CN alone, the nadir in TER was lower than that of HS + CN cells (51.6 +/- 2.5 vs. 96.2 +/- 3.2 omega x cm2, respectively; P < 0.05). After 30-min recovery, TER of HS + CN recovered to control values (277 +/- 7.2 vs. 227 +/- 6.6 omega x cm2; P > 0.05), whereas CN did not (165 +/- 7.3 vs. 227 +/- 6.6 omega x cm2; P < 0.05). Changes in LY flux paralleled those in TER. HS is associated with preservation of the actin cytoskeleton and improved integrity of the tight junction after sublethal ATP depletion injury. These protective effects may contribute to the preservation of epithelial cell polarity and function following an ischemic insult.
On‐line solid‐phase extraction‐thermal desorption‐gas chromatography with ion trap detection tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of microcontaminants in water (1996)

Abstract An improved set‐up for solid‐phase extraction with thermal desorption coupled on‐line to gas chromatography (SPETD‐GC) is presented. It includes a newly designed liner for a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) and an improved water elimination system. The SPETD procedure now includes a washing step with HPLC‐grade water to prevent degradation of analytes due to interaction with remaining sample constituents. The system was used to analyze surface and tap water samples over a 4‐month period. No decrease of chromatographic or trace‐enrichment performance was observed, and a liner packed with Tenax GR could be used for at least 150 analyses. The SPETD module was coupled to GC with ion‐trap detection for mass spectrometric (MS) and MS/MS detection. The linearity and repeatability of the procedure for several pesticides which were tested in the 0.5–10 μg/1 range were fully satisfactory (1 μg/1, RSD range 5–11%; n = 5). When using sample volumes of 0.1 ml only, detection limits were as low as 0. 1‐0.2 μg/1. As an example, the confirmation and quantification of a suspected pesticide in a real‐life sample using electron impact and positive chemical ionization in both the MS and MS/MS mode is shown.
Reduction of motion artifacts in carotid MRI using free‐induction decay navigators (2013)

Artifacts caused by the employed motion tasks deteriorated image quality in the nongated scans. These artifacts were alleviated with the proposed FID-navigator.
Aggregation and neurotoxicity of recombinant α-synuclein aggregates initiated by dimerization (2013)

Together, we show that dimerization is important for α-Syn conformational transition and aggregation. In addition, α-Syn dimerization can accelerate the formation of neurotoxic aggregates and amyloid fibrils which can be amplified in vitro. A detailed characterization of the mechanism of α-Syn aggregation/amyloidogenesis and toxicity is crucial to comprehend Parkinson's disease pathology at the molecular level.
Densities and Refractive Indices of Alcohol-Water Solutions of n-Propyl, Isopropyl, and Methyl Alcohols. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensities and Refractive Indices of Alcohol-Water Solutions of n-Propyl, Isopropyl, and Methyl Alcohols.Kwang-Yu Chu and A. R. ThompsonCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1962, 7, 3, 358–360Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60014a011https://doi.org/10.1021/je60014a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3863Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of cellular redox status by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of glutathione and glutathione disulfide (2008)

Oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) occurs during cellular oxidative stress. The redox potential of the 2GSH/GSSG couple, which is determined by the Nernst equation, provides a means to assess cellular redox status. It is difficult to accurately quantify GSH and GSSG due to the ease with which GSH is oxidized to GSSG during sample preparation. To overcome this problem, a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC/MRM-MS) method has been developed using 4-fluoro-7-sulfamoylbenzofurazan (ABD-F) derivatization. ABD-F derivatization of the GSH thiol group was rapid, quantitative, and occurred at room temperature. The LC/MRM-MS method, which requires no sample clean-up, was validated within the calibration ranges of 5 to 400 nmol/mL in cell lysates for GSH and 0.5 to 40 nmol/mL in cell lysates for GSSG. Calibration curves prepared by adding known concentrations of GSH and GSSG to cell lysates were parallel to the standard curve prepared in buffers. GSH and GSSG concentrations were determined in two monocyte/macrophage RAW 267.4 cell lines with or without 15-LOX-1 expression (R15LO and RMock cells, respectively) after treatment with the bifunctional electrophile 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal (ONE). R15LO cells synthesized much higher concentrations of the lipid hydroperoxide, 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE), which undergoes homolytic decomposition to ONE. GSH was depleted by ONE treatment in both RMock and R15LO cells, leading to significant increases in their redox potentials. However, R15LO cells had higher GSH concentrations (most likely through increased GSH biosynthesis) and had increased resistance to ONE-mediated GSH depletion than RMock cells. Consequently, R15LO cells had lower reduction potentials at all concentrations of ONE. GSSG concentrations were higher in R15LO cells after ONE treatment when compared with the ONE-treated RMock cells. This suggests that increased expression of 15(S)-HPETE modulates the activity of cellular GSH reductases or the transporters involved in removal of GSSG.
Effect of Radio Frequency Inhomogeneity Correction on the Reproducibility of Intra‐Cranial Volumes Using MR Image Data (1995)

The volumes of total brain, white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid in normal volunteers were determined using a supervised nonparametric feature map segmentation of dual-contrast MR images after correcting for the radio frequency (RF) inhomogeneity. Reproducibility of the segmentation was evaluated in terms of inter-observer and scan-to-scan variations. A comparison with the published results indicates that the scan-to-scan and inter-observer variabilities in the determination of tissue volumes are substantially reduced following the RF inhomogeneity correction.
Leading-edge adamantyl polymers designed for 193 nm lithography (2008)

There are some practical candidates for next generation lithography (NGL). However, many subjects are left behind and there is still no effective technique. One of those subjects is reduction of line edge roughness (LER)/line width roughness (LWR). As compared with 2-methyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate which is mostly used in 193nm lithography as acid cleavable monomer, it became clear that our new monomers were effective in reduction of LER/LWR by measuring surface roughness (Ra) with the analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found out that the monomers which have acetal as acid cleavable unit has high exposure sensitivity and effective in the reduction of Ra. Moreover, we tried to synthesize high refractive index polymer by introducing a sulfur atom that is another subject of NGL. By synthesizing some monomers, it became clear that the bond type of sulfur atom affects a refractive index greatly. It was also checked that a refractive index and transparency have a relation of a trade-off. The adamantyl acrylate monomers are mostly used in 193 nm lithography due to their high transparency and excellent contrast after the development. We have designed and synthesized various monomers based on adamantane moieties from 65nm node forward the 32 nm node. So, we think that it's our duty to challenge from the design of a monomer to those subjects for NGL.
Large Transient Optical Modulation of Epsilon-Near-Zero Colloidal Nanocrystals (2016)

Epsilon-near-zero materials may be synthesized as colloidal nanocrystals which display large magnitude subpicosecond switching of infrared localized surface plasmon resonances. Such nanocrystals offer a solution-processable, scalable source of tunable metamaterials compatible with arbitrary substrates. Under intraband excitation, these nanocrystals display a red-shift of the plasmon feature arising from the low electron heat capacities and conduction band nonparabolicity of the oxide. Under interband pumping, they show in an ultrafast blueshift of the plasmon resonance due to transient increases in the carrier density. Combined with their high-quality factor, large changes in relative transmittance (+86%) and index of refraction (+85%) at modest control fluences (<5 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) suggest that these materials offer great promise for all-optical switching, wavefront engineering, and beam steering operating at terahertz switching frequencies.
Design and analysis of a pendulum‐based electromagnetic energy harvester using anti‐phase motion (2016)

This study describes the design and analysis of an anti‐phase pendulum motion‐based electromagnetic energy harvester. The proposed energy harvester consists of a magnet‐based pendulum, a coil‐based pendulum, shaft, connecting rod, and housing. Two pendulums were connected in parallel, which can move in anti‐phase motion, using a rotatable connecting rod. Mechanical, electrical, and magnetic behaviours were investigated through the simulations (MATLAB, ANSYS Maxwell) and experiments. The anti‐phase pendulum motion can reduce the induction time. This phenomenon has the effect of improving the output voltage of the electromagnetic induction, which is experimentally verified. Experimental results demonstrated that the induction time is shortened by 21%, and the output power showed a 37% increase compared with the single‐phase pendulum motion. The dependence of the output on the input conditions was also investigated extensively in terms of the frequency, displacement, mass, and electrical load resistance. The maximum output power of 247 μW was obtained at anti‐phase pendulum motion. In addition, the proposed anti‐phase motion phenomenon can be used effectively to improve the output voltage of an electromagnetic induction‐based energy harvester.
Strategies to Improve Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dual-Fuel Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engines (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Dual-fuel pilot ignited natural gas engines have several intrinsic advantages relative to spark ignited; mainly higher thermal efficiency and lower conversion costs. The major drawback is associated with light loads. This paper discusses objectives, approaches, methods and results of the development of strategies which overcome the drawbacks and enhance the advantages. Development of a pilot fuel injection system, having a delivery of only 1 mm<sup>3</sup> at a duration of 0.6 ms, was described in a previous paper. This paper concentrates on the results of strategies to reduce unburned methane in the exhaust and to increase the substitution of gas at light loads through skip-fire, by-passing boost air and exhaust gas recirculation techniques. Engine tests proved that with these strategies, diesel fuel replacement of more than 95% over the entire engine operating map, including idle, can be achieved and current and anticipated future emission standards satisfied. The effect of each strategy on combustion and emission characteristics is experimentally studied, using a turbocharged, intercooled Navistar DT 466, 7.6L diesel engine. This concept, called micropilot compression ignited natural gas is proven to be a rational approach to the dedicated alternative fuel engine, and has potential for further improvements.</div>
General methods of synthesis of indole alkaloids. 14. Short routes of construction of yohimboid and ajmalicinoid alkaloid systems and their carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral methods of synthesis of indole alkaloids. 14. Short routes of construction of yohimboid and ajmalicinoid alkaloid systems and their carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysisErnest Wenkert, Ching-Jer Chang, H. P. S. Chawla, David W. Cochran, Edward W. Hagaman, James C. King, and Kazuhiko OritoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 12, 3645–3655Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00428a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views734Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Plant natural products as insect steroid receptor agonists and antagonists (1999)

Findings to date on plant secondary compounds which possess ecdysteroid-like or anti-ecdysteroid activities in an efficient and effective bioassay based on an ecdysteroid-responsive insect cell-line are summarised. Several novel antagonists have been identified, among which the cucurbitacins are the best characterised and have been shown to compete with ecdysteroids for the ligand binding site of the insect steroid hormone receptor. Certain withanolides, limonoids and resveratrol derivatives also antagonise 20-hydroxyecdysone action. Additionally, several new phytoecdysteroids have been isolated and identified. In common with all other ecdysteriods, these possess agonistic activity in the BII bioassay. Extensive SAR studies based on the potencies of a large number of purified ecdysteroids have been performed and molecular (CoMFA) modelling used to characterise ecdysteroid binding to the ligand binding site of the receptor complex. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthetic Membranes: Volume II (1981)

There have been many studies on the application of membrane technology to food industries. Few have, however, reached a commercial success except those of dairy processes (1). DAICEL has been studying since 1971 the application of its cellulose acetate RO membranes and polyacrylonitrile UF membranes to food, pharmaceutical, medical, paper and other industries. As to the use of membranes in food industries other than dairy processes, only two cases were developed to a semicommercial scale, that is, grape juice concentration for wine must and tomato juice concentration for processing and storage of the juice till next harvest.
TEC: Tratamiento para el Dolor en el Síndrome de Colon Irritable (SCI) (2000)

Para reducir el dolor abdominal, asociado con el SCI, los relajantes de la musculatura lisa son efectivos. No hay suficiente evidencia sobre la amitriptilina y no hay evidencia sobre el beneficio de la fibra dietetica, o los procineticos.
Instrumented Internal Blowout Preventer Improves Measurements for Drilling and Equipment Optimization (2013)

Abstract An optimized drilling system is only as efficient as the quality and accuracy of its supporting instrumentation. An increase in drilling performance, efficiency, reliability, and safety follow each new generation of measurement technology, all of which are invaluable to drilling operators and the industry. A new system, the Instrumented Internal Blowout Preventer (IIBOP), is designed to provide accurate drilling parameters directly from the drillstring. Like other instrumentation, the goal is to allow for better decision making with regards to well construction, and to provide early warning signs of system failure or well control situations. However, other instruments are not effectively positioned to measure the load with the high degree of accuracy demanded by today's drilling operations. Reducing this error by measuring the load directly at the drillstring provides a measurement that is highly refined for today's modern control systems. The IIBOP makes direct-load measurements along the drillstring just below the main shaft of the top drive, thereby circumventing the errors of the traditional measurements. The sensor package enables real-time streaming of data, within milliseconds, at sample rates up to 500 Hz, providing a timely series of direct measurements needed to characterize drillstring phenomena required for drilling and equipment optimization purposes. In the IIBOP field testing, real-time string weight measurements exhibited 65% signal noise reductions compared to deadline anchor load cells, allowing for better representation of string dynamics previously undetectable. Noise was reduced in the IIBOP pressure measurements even further, by 90% when compared to the rig-supplied standpipe pressure transducers, permitting higher fidelity data for dynamic pressure event analysis. IIBOP-measured rotational velocities were also subject to less noise, while capturing both speed and direction, typically not provided by the top drive. Along with conventional measurements, the IIBOP provided entirely new parameters—bending moment and main shaft acceleration—both of which have great potential to correlate data with downhole instruments or to schedule preventative maintenance. This paper discusses the IIBOP capabilities, each parameter it measures, and test performance data compared to traditional sensors.