gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction: Targeted RNA-Sequencing with Competitive Multiplex-PCR Amplicon Libraries (2013)

Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing is a powerful tool, but is costly and yields complex data sets that limit its utility in molecular diagnostic testing. A targeted quantitative RNA-sequencing method that is reproducible and reduces the number of sequencing reads required to measure transcripts over the full range of expression would be better suited to diagnostic testing. Toward this goal, we developed a competitive multiplex PCR-based amplicon sequencing library preparation method that a) targets only the sequences of interest and b) controls for inter-target variation in PCR amplification during library preparation by measuring each transcript native template relative to a known number of synthetic competitive template internal standard copies. To determine the utility of this method, we intentionally selected PCR conditions that would cause transcript amplification products (amplicons) to converge toward equimolar concentrations (normalization) during library preparation. We then tested whether this approach would enable accurate and reproducible quantification of each transcript across multiple library preparations, and at the same time reduce (through normalization) total sequencing reads required for quantification of transcript targets across a large range of expression. We demonstrate excellent reproducibility (R 2 = 0.997) with 97% accuracy to detect 2-fold change using External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) reference materials; high inter-day, inter-site and inter-library concordance (R 2 = 0.97-0.99) using FDA Sequencing Quality Control (SEQC) reference materials; and cross-platform concordance with both TaqMan qPCR (R 2 = 0.96) and whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing following ''traditional'' library preparation using Illumina NGS kits (R 2 = 0.94). Using this method, sequencing reads required to accurately quantify more than 100 targeted transcripts expressed over a 10 7 -fold range was reduced more than 10,000-fold, from 2.3610 9 to 1.4610 5 sequencing reads. These studies demonstrate that the competitive multiplex-PCR amplicon library preparation method presented here provides the quality control, reproducibility, and reduced sequencing reads necessary for development and implementation of targeted quantitative RNA-sequencing biomarkers in molecular diagnostic testing.
Thermal Issues in Next-Generation Integrated Circuits (2004)

The drive for higher performance has led to greater integration and higher clock frequency of microprocessor chips. This translates into higher heat dissipation and, therefore, effective cooling of electronic chips is becoming increasingly important for their reliable performance. We systematically explore the limits for heat removal from a model chip in various configurations. First, the heat removal from a bare chip by pure heat conduction and convection is studied to establish the theoretical limit of heat removal from a bare die bound by an infinite medium. This is followed by an analysis of heat removal from a packaged chip by evaluating the thermal resistance due to individual packaging elements. The analysis results allow us to identify the bottlenecks in the thermal performance of current generation packages, and to motivate lowering of thermal resistance through the board-side for efficient heat removal to meet ever increasing reliability and performance requirements.
Temporary atrial pacing after cardiac surgery. (1991)

Atrial epicardial wires are used after cardiac surgery for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Postoperative dysrhythmias may be diagnosed by using an atrial wire electrogram, and treatment of these dysrhythmias includes atrial pacing. In this article atrial pacing during the post-cardiac surgery period is discussed in relation to the management of supraventricular dysrhythmias, bradydysrhythmias, ventricular dysrhythmias, and low cardiac output.
An automatic mesh generator for handling small features in open boundary power transmission line problems using artificial neural networks (2000)

An artificial neural network (ANN) has been trained to automatically predict the mesh density vector of open-boundary faulted power transmission line problems under the presence of small features, such as conductors. In order to produce the data for the training database of the ANN a technique for recursively subdividing the solving area is proposed. A Delaunay-based mesh generator is used to produce the final mesh. Several test cases show that the proposed automatic mesh generator significantly reduces solving time. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water Soluble Polymers (2005)

Abstract Carbohydrate Polymers Synthetic Water‐Soluble Polymers Cationic Water‐Soluble Polymers Inorganic Water‐Soluble Polymers New Commercial Water‐Soluble Polymers Hydrophobe‐Modification of Water‐Soluble Polymers
Cerebrospinal fluid tau, neurogranin, and neurofilament light in Alzheimer's disease (2016)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau (total tau, T-tau), neurofilament light (NFL), and neurogranin (Ng) are potential biomarkers for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unknown whether these biomarkers provide similar or complementary information in AD. We examined 93 patients with AD, 187 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 109 controls. T-tau, Ng, and NFL were all predictors of AD diagnosis. Combinations improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC 85.5% for T-tau, Ng, and NFL) compared to individual biomarkers (T-tau 80.8%; Ng 71.4%; NFL 77.7%). T-tau and Ng were highly correlated (ρ = 0.79, P < 0.001) and strongly associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology, and with longitudinal deterioration in cognition and brain structure, primarily in people with Aβ pathology. NFL on the other hand was not associated with Aβ pathology and was associated with cognitive decline and brain atrophy independent of Aβ. T-tau, Ng, and NFL provide partly independent information about neuronal injury and may be combined to improve the diagnostic accuracy for AD. T-tau and Ng reflect Aβ-dependent neurodegeneration, while NFL reflects neurodegeneration independently of Aβ pathology.
Real-time animation of a virtual arm and its collisions with a virtual environment (1996)

Summary form only given, as follows. Realistic rendering of the virtual body limb movements represents one of the most interesting research areas for the design and implementation of the component of a virtual environment system. The paper addresses the description of a complete experimental virtual environment system including real time graphical rendering of upper limb movements as well as force feedback capabilities to the user. The virtual arm and hand are modeled with a set of 40 nonuniform B splines: mono and multiprocessor algorithms have been used in order to convert parametric surfaces in polygon meshes. Upper limb movements are recorded by means of joint rotation sensors (optical encoders) integrated on a 7 degrees of freedom mechanical structure wrapping up the whole arm and possessing the same joint rotation axes. The same mechanical structure is devoted to replicate virtual contact forces to the user's hand. Data from joint rotation sensors are used to move the control points of the parametric surfaces. In this way, a realistic representation of the shape of the virtual hand and arm, including the deformation of the skin, has been empirically obtained. Collision detection algorithms as well as modules for the modeling of physically based behavior of the virtual hand in contact with virtual objects have been developed. Results of experimental tests aimed at verifying the performances in terms of frame rates and force feedback capabilities during practical manipulative and exploratory tasks of virtual objects are presented.
Expression of rhombotin 2 in normal and leukaemic haemopoietic cells (1996)

The rhombotin 2 gene was identified by its association with a recurrent chromosome translocation (11;14)(p13;q11), occurring in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALLs). High levels of RBTN2 have been found in T-cell leukaemias carrying the translocation and in some T-cell ALLs that lack, by cytogenetic and molecular techniques, translocations involving 11p13. In normal murine tissues RBTN2 has been found to be widely expressed, with high levels present in brain and early B cells. Studies carried out in mice lacking RBTN2 have demonstrated the importance of this gene in erythropoiesis. We have investigated the expression of RBTN2 in human leukaemic cells, and in human and murine normal myeloid progenitor cells. RBTN2 is expressed in the leukaemic cells of patients with pre-B ALL, T-ALL and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML). By cytogenetic and molecular techniques no abnormalities were noted in 11p13. Using clonogenic assays and single cell PCR we found that RBTN2 is expressed strongly in the precursors of mixed erythrocyte/macrophage/mast, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, neutrophil and macrophage colonies. In contrast, RBTN2 message was low to undetectable in the mature progeny. These findings indicate that RBTN2 is expressed in leukaemias of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Further, these studies show that in normal myeloid and lymphoid cells the expression of RBTN2 is present in progenitor cells and is lost as the cells terminally differentiate. This latter finding further illustrates that the detection of a RNA in a population of cells should not be interpreted to mean that all of the cells in that population express the RNA.
Plant prolyl hydroxylase recognizes poly(L-proline) II helix. (1981)

Substrate specificity of a prolyl hydroxylase from Vinca rosea suspension-cultured cells was studied using synthetic oligo(L-proline)s and their t-butyloxycarbonyl derivatives (Pron and Boc-Pron; n = 2-8) as peptidyl substrates. All peptides with a residual number of 5 or greater served as substrates in the enzyme reaction at 30 degrees C, after the preincubation of the enzyme and peptides at 0 degrees C prior to addition of cofactors and cosubstrate. Under the same conditions, the hydroxylation of Pro5 reached a plateau within 10 min, but that of Boc-Pro8 and poly(L-proline) increased linearly up to 40 min. If the preincubation temperature was raised to 30 degrees C, only Pro5 among the peptides was unable to serve as a substrate. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was 30 degrees C toward Boc-Pro8 and poly(L-proline) but it decreased to 15 degrees C using Pro5. These data suggest that the enzyme can bind Pro5 only at low temperature. Poly(L-proline) and Boc-Pron (n greater than or equal to 5) in aqueous solution are known to have a left-handed helical structure (poly(L-proline) II helix). Moreover, Pro5 was indicated as forming this helix below 10 degrees C. Accordingly, the enzyme recognizes the poly(L-proline) II helix, that is, the secondary structure of a substrate rather than the primary structure.
The ISARA Mission – Flight Demonstration of a High Gain Ka-Band Antenna for 100Mbps Telecom (2018)

The NASA sponsored ISARA (Integrated Solar Array and Reflectarray Antenna) mission successfully demonstrated a 100 Mbps Ka-band CubeSat communications capability.The enabling technology is a high gain reflectarray antenna integrated into a modified Pumpkin "Turkey Tail" solar array which wraps around the spacecraft body, essentially requiring near zero volume to accommodate.A simple low gain feed is used to distribute RF power to the reflectarray through free space.The 0.5kg ISARA antenna mass is compatible with the requirements of a 3U (10x10x10 cm 3 ) spacecraft.The ISARA mission validated this approach in a flight technology demonstration.A unique on-orbit measurement system provided accurate measurement of the antenna gain from space.This system demonstrated 100Mbps downlink data rate capability using a relatively simple ground station with a 70cm parabolic reflector antenna.The spacecraft also verified ISARA solar panel output power and demonstrated the operational capability to accurately point the antenna to a Ka-band ground station, a key requirement for a telecom system.ISARA achieved a number of technological firsts.It is believed to be the first reflectarray antenna flown in space, first high gain antenna integrated with solar panels, first calibrated reflectarray antenna gain measurement performed from space and the first 3U CubeSat to demonstrate 100 Mbps capability using a small, low-cost ground station.
Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Assessing the Authenticity of Food of Animal Origin (2016)

The main elemental constituents (H, C, N, O, and S) of bio-organic material have different stable isotopes (<sup>2</sup> H, <sup>1</sup> H; <sup>13</sup> C,<sup>12</sup> C; <sup>15</sup> N,<sup>14</sup> N; <sup>18</sup> O,<sup>17</sup> O,<sup>16</sup> O; <sup>36</sup> S, <sup>34</sup> S, <sup>33</sup> S, and <sup>32</sup> S). Isotopic ratios can be measured precisely and accurately using dedicated analytical techniques such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Analysis of these ratios shows potential for assessing the authenticity of food of animal origin. In this review, IRMS analysis of food of animal origin and variability factors related to stable isotope ratios in animals are described. The study also lists examples of application of stable isotope ratio analysis to meat, dairy products, fish, and shellfish and emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of the technique. Geographical, climatic, pedological, geological, botanical, and agricultural factors affect the stable isotope ratios (SIR) of bio-elements, and SIR variations are ultimately incorporated into animal tissue through eating, drinking, breathing, and exchange with the environment, being recorded in the resulting foods. SIR analysis was capable of determining geographical origin, animal diet, and the production system (such as organic/conventional or wild/farmed) for pork, beef, lamb, poultry, milk, butter, cheese, fish, and shellfish. In the case of the hard PDO (protected designations of origin) cheeses Grana Padano and Parmigiano Reggiano it is also used in real-life situations to assess the authenticity of grated and shredded cheese on the market.
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Ferroelectric Barriers: Prediction of Four Resistance States from First Principles (2008)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), composed of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by a thin insulating barrier layer, are currently used in spintronic devices, such as magnetic sensors and magnetic random access memories. Recently, driven by demonstrations of ferroelectricity at the nanoscale, thin-film ferroelectric barriers were proposed to extend the functionality of MTJs. Due to the sensitivity of conductance to the magnetization alignment of the electrodes (tunneling magnetoresistance) and the polarization orientation in the ferroelectric barrier (tunneling electroresistance), these multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) may serve as four-state resistance devices. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we demonstrate four resistance states in SrRuO(3)/BaTiO(3)/SrRuO(3) MFTJs with asymmetric interfaces. We find that the resistance of such a MFTJ is significantly changed when the electric polarization of the barrier is reversed and/or when the magnetizations of the electrodes are switched from parallel to antiparallel. These results reveal the exciting prospects of MFTJs for application as multifunctional spintronic devices.
A Role for Exopolysaccharides in the Protection of Microorganisms from Desiccation (1994)

Mucoid strains of Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Erwinia stewartii were significantly more resistant to desiccation than corresponding isogenic nonmucoid mutants (survival rates of up to 35% in mucoid strains and between 0.7 and 5% in nonmucoid variants), even in colonies containing both cell types. Desiccation was found to bring about an induction of beta-galactosidase in Lon strains of E. coli K-12 carrying transcriptional lac fusions in the capsule biosynthetic (cps) regulon. This induction was dependent on the transcriptional activators RcsA and RcsB. Induction was lower in cells carrying mutations in the membrane sensor protein RcsC.
6-N-1 Trobenzotriazol-1-Yloxytris(Dimethylamino)Phosphonium Hexafluorophosphate (NBOP): A New Coupling Reagent in Oligonucleotide Synthesis (1994)

Abstract 6-Nitrobenzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (NBOP, 2) has been demonstrated as an efficient coupling reagent in oligonucleotide synthesis. The reagent is stable and gives high coupling yields without any side products.
Using timestamping to optimize two phase commit (2002)

The two-phase commit (2PC) protocol is used to guarantee the serializability of distributed transactions. The message cost of the standard 2PC has led to efforts to optimize the protocol and reduce the number of messages required. The common optimizations require that each cohort of a transaction be terminated (finished with normal accessing of data) in order for these optimizations to lead to serial schedules. The use of timestamps is suggested as a substitute for knowing when cohorts are terminated, and it is shown how the 2PC protocol itself can be used to choose the timestamps. The key to this is to permit cohorts to vote transaction time ranges within which the transaction must commit or else be aborted. Using time ranges, the read only optimization and early release of read locks can be supported. The transaction times chosen are appropriate for identifying versions of data in a multiversion rollback database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Squeezed states and intensity fluctuations in degenerate parametric oscillation (1983)

The relationship between the squeezing and photon-number fluctuations in the output of a degenerate parametric oscillator is investigated. The addition of a second driving field at the idler frequency allows the direction of the squeezing to be changed. The squeezing may appear in the amplified quadrature. Photon antibunching or bunching may occur depending on whether the quadrature carrying the coherent excitation is squeezed.
Global Context-Aware Attention LSTM Networks for 3D Action Recognition (2017)

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have shown superior performance in 3D human action recognition due to their power in modeling the dynamics and dependencies in sequential data. Since not all joints are informative for action analysis and the irrelevant joints often bring a lot of noise, we need to pay more attention to the informative ones. However, original LSTM does not have strong attention capability. Hence we propose a new class of LSTM network, Global Context-Aware Attention LSTM (GCA-LSTM), for 3D action recognition, which is able to selectively focus on the informative joints in the action sequence with the assistance of global contextual information. In order to achieve a reliable attention representation for the action sequence, we further propose a recurrent attention mechanism for our GCA-LSTM network, in which the attention performance is improved iteratively. Experiments show that our end-to-end network can reliably focus on the most informative joints in each frame of the skeleton sequence. Moreover, our network yields state-of-the-art performance on three challenging datasets for 3D action recognition.
Pharmacogenetic Testing in the Clinical Management of Schizophrenia (2005)

Clinical application of pharmacogenetic testing has been proposed as a means of improving treatment outcomes in psychiatry. The identification of a putative genetic test for better clozapine response in schizophrenia offers an opportunity to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of such testing. The authors performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of a genetic test that may identify individuals with greater likelihood of responding to clozapine treatment. We modeled a target population of schizophrenia patients in an acute psychotic episode, using a lifetime time horizon and societal perspective. Outcome measures included life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Effects of variations in testing parameters were also examined. For a 30-year-old with schizophrenia, applying the pharmacogenetic test and treating those predicted to respond to clozapine with clozapine-first cost US $47,705 per additional quality-adjusted life-year, compared with treating all patients with conventional agents and reserving clozapine for treatment-resistant patients. In 1-way sensitivity analyses, test sensitivity and cost had the greatest impact on the incremental cost-effectiveness. We conclude that pharmacogenetic tests may achieve utility in clinical psychiatry, although their cost-effectiveness depends on several clinical parameters. More consistent reporting of test parameters such as sensitivity and specificity would greatly facilitate assessment of future pharmacogenetic studies.
New anemia remedy inspired by British discovery (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew anemia remedy inspired by British discoveryScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1930, 7, 1, 32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1930Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1930Published inissue 1 January 1930https://doi.org/10.1021/ed007p32.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (674 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Aesthetics of Collaboration (1997)

Modernist aesthetics is certainly predicated upon the concept of an individualized vision or oeuvre, but it also subsumes under the Western canon modes of collective production in ancient and medieval cultures, as well as from tribal cultures and contemporary Western consumer culture. In the later stages of modernism—Surrealism, Dada, and Pop art for example—and in postmodern practices, this individualized concept has been under attack from many quarters. With the rise of community arts practices in the U.S. and the U.K., the re-articulations of women artists and artists of color, public art, and the increasing use of new technology, group practices and collaborations have increased dramatically. Sometimes these have been driven by ideology, sometimes by sheer necessity. In certain practices the process of collaboration has been paramount, the growth or enabling of individuals or groups being the goal.1 However, in situations where there are ideas to be communicated more widely, aesthetic power becomes especially important—it is central to the work's ability to speak beyond the confines of any single group. The “beauty” of such images derives from the imaginative interpretation of meanings embodied in the ideas, in the distillation of the desires of a constituency in a form that expresses those ideas effectively.