gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weldability of a titanium aluminide (1989)

The authors report the weldability of an alpha-two titanium auuminide, Ti-13.5 wt-%Al-21.5 wt-%Nb (Ti-24 at.-%Al-11 at.-%Nb), investigated from a perspective of developing relationships between the weld cooling rate, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior. Dilatometry studies performed over a range of cooling rates from 1{degree} to 150{degrees}C/s(1.8{degrees} to 270{degrees}F/s) show a continuous decrease in the body-centered cubic (BCC) to hexagonal close-packed (HCP) transformation start temperature. Water quenching from above the beta transus temperature provided a rapid cooling rate of 750{degrees}C/s(1350 {degrees}F/s), which promoted complete retention of BCC beta phase. Implications of the continuous-cooling phase transformation study on the joining of Ti-13.5 wt-%Al-21.5 wt-%Nb using alternate welding processes are discussed.
An Open Trial of Buspirone in Migraine Prophylaxis. Preliminary Report (1991)

Because of evidence that supports an important role for the 5-HT1A receptor subtype in migraine, buspirone--the novel 5-HT1A receptor agonist with anxiolytic properties--was given to 33 patients suffering from severe migraine exacerbations. Patients took 15-20 mg/daily for 10 weeks; six (18%) patients did not improve. Although buspirone was well tolerated, two additional patients (6%) did not finish the trial, due to undesirable side effects. On the other hand, 25 (76%) patients improved; 17 (52%) exhibited an excellent response; and 8 (24%), a moderate response. Potential reasons for the observed antimigraine effect of buspirone and its possible consequences in migraine pathophysiology are discussed. Our results, at first, seem to support the role of a 5-HT1A hypersensitivity in migraine pathogenesis, and warrant further trials to confirm whether buspirone represents an alternative in preventive treatment of migraine exacerbations.
Friend of GATA 2 Physically Interacts with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-TF2 (COUP-TF2) and COUP-TF3 and Represses COUP-TF2-dependent Activation of the Atrial Natriuretic Factor Promoter (2001)

Friend of GATA (FOG)-2 is a multi-zinc finger transcriptional corepressor protein that binds specifically to GATA4. Gene targeting studies have demonstrated that FOG-2 is required for normal cardiac morphogenesis, including the development of the coronary vasculature, left ventricular compact zone, and heart valves. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which FOG-2 regulates these cardiac developmental programs, we screened a mouse day 11 embryo library using a yeast two-hybrid interaction trap with the fifth and sixth zinc fingers of FOG-2 as bait. Using this approach, we isolated clones encoding the orphan nuclear receptors chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF) 2 and COUP-TF3. COUP-TF2-null embryos die during embryonic development with defective angiogenesis and cardiac defects, a pattern that partly resembles the FOG-2-null phenotype. The interaction between COUP-TF2 and FOG-2 in mammalian cells was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of these proteins from transfected COS-7 cells. The sites of binding interaction between COUP-TF2 and FOG-2 were mapped to zinc fingers 5 and 6 and fingers 7 and 8 of FOG-2 and to the carboxyl terminus of the COUP-TF proteins. Binding to COUP-TF2 was specific because FOG-2 did not interact with the ligand-binding domains of retinoid X receptor alpha, glucocorticoid receptor, and peroxisome proliferating antigen receptor gamma, which are related to the COUP-TF proteins. Full-length FOG-2 markedly enhanced transcriptional repression by GAL4-COUP-TF2(117-414), but not by a COUP-TF2 repression domain mutant. Moreover, FOG-2 repressed COUP-TF2dependent synergistic activation of the atrial natriuretic factor promoter by both GATA4 and the FOG-2-independent mutant GATA4-E215K. Taken together, these findings suggest that FOG-2 functions as a corepressor for both GATA and COUP-TF proteins.
Flow Visualization (1973)

外見上何の変わりもない流体が, 実際にはいかに生き生きと動きまわっていることか。流体が渦巻き運動を行なうときなんと美くしくふるまうことか。しかし残念ながら, 流体の動きはそのままでは肉眼で見ることができない。流れに影響を与えないで流れの模様を見る方法はないであろうか。でぎれば流れに関した物理量を定量的に測定できることが望ましい。そのような強い願望にかりたてられて, 古くより実に多数の流れの可視化の技術が考案されてきた。限られた紙数でそのすべてを紹介することはむずかしいので, 本展望では主に液体の流れの可視化技術のめぼしいもののみについて述べる。
Activation of a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase by a calcium-dependent protease (1988)

A calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin) was converted to an active, calmodulin-independent form by a Ca2+-dependent protease (calpain I). Proteolysis could be blocked by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, leupeptin, or N-ethylmaleimide, but other protease inhibitors such as phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, aprotinin, benzamidine, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and trypsin inhibitor were ineffective. Phosphatase proteolyzed in the absence of calmodulin was insensitive to Ca2+ or Ca2+/calmodulin; the activity of the proteolyzed enzyme was greater than the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated activity of the unproteolyzed enzyme. Proteolysis of the phosphatase in the presence of calmodulin proceeded at a more rapid rate than in its absence, and the proteolyzed enzyme retained a small degree of sensitivity to Ca2+/calmodulin, being further stimulated some 15-20%. Proteolytic stimulation of phosphatase activity was accompanied by degradation of the 60-kilodalton (kDa) subunit; the 19-kDa subunit was not degraded. In the absence of calmodulin, the 60-kDa subunit was sequentially degraded to 58- and 45-kDa fragments; the 45-kDa fragment was incapable of binding 125I-calmodulin. In the presence of calmodulin, the 60-kDa subunit was proteolyzed to fragments of 58, 55 (2), and 48 kDa, all of which retained some ability to bind calmodulin. These data, coupled with our previous report that the human platelet calmodulin-binding proteins undergo Ca2+-dependent proteolysis upon platelet activation [Wallace, R. W., Tallant, E. A., & McManus, M. C. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 2766-2773], suggest that the Ca2+-dependent protease may have a role in the platelet as an irreversible activator of certain Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent reactions.
The Cost-effectiveness of Using Banked Donor Milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2002)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) adds significantly to the cost of care for premature infants and to negative long-term and short-term outcomes for these infants. It is thus in the best interest of the health care system to prevent the occurrence of NEC through feeding protocols that foster NEC prevention (i.e., use of breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit). Banked donor milk has been shown to be as effective in preventing NEC as mother's milk. Three models of cost analysis are presented to show savings that could accrue to a health care system or individual family if banked donor milk were provided as first feedings when mother's milk is not available. The cost of using banked donor milk to feed premature infants is inconsequential when compared to the savings from NEC prevention.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF 1,4‐THIAZINOQUINOLINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1984)

Abstract Die ausgehend von den Thiazinen (I) dargestellten Amine (IVa) sowie die bekannten Verbindungen (IVb) werden in die Malonesterderivate (V) übergeführt.
The CD39-Adenosinergic Axis in the Pathogenesis of Immune and Nonimmune Diabetes (2012)

Diabetes mellitus encompasses two distinct disease processes: autoimmune Type 1 (T1D) and nonimmune Type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Despite the disparate aetiologies, the disease phenotype of hyperglycemia and the associated complications are similar. In this paper, we discuss the role of the CD39-adenosinergic axis in the pathogenesis of both T1D and T2D, with particular emphasis on the role of CD39 and CD73.
AC Impedance and Conductivity Study of Alkali Salt Form Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes (1994)

AC impedance studies were performed on Na+ and K+ alkali salt forms of the short sidechain perfluorosulfonate ionomer (PFSI) membrane films manufactured by Dow Chemical Company. With impressive performances of 4 A/cm2current density and power densities near 2.5 W/cm2, the acid forms of these short sidechain PFSI are very promising candidates for use in fuel cells for future electric vehicles.1 Since, at present, little is known about the exact transport mechanisms for the ionic species within PFSIs, an ac impedance study of the Na+ and K+ forms has been performed. It is hoped that this will provide some insight and understanding of the transport mechanisms in the PFSI and thus will aid in the development and optimization of fuel cells. Results suggest that there are marked differences with respect to host environments within the Dow membrane as compared to Nafion® long sidechain PFSI membrane films. Impedance spectra of the Dow salt form membranes displaying two distinct relaxation peaks while the spectra for all forms of Nafion reveal only a single peak. This second low temperature peak in the Dow membrane has been attributed to a much larger ratio, possibly greater than one, existing within the Dow membrane as compared to Nafion, which contains an ratio between 0.23 and 0.29. The temperature behavior of the dc conductivity was extracted from the temperature Cole‐Cole plots and was found to be non‐Arrhenius. Room temperature conductivities of the order of 10−2S/cm were achieved for the Na+ and K+ salt forms of the XUS membrane. It was observed that for all , . It has been proposed that this behavior arises from the hydration phenomena of the alkali ions. These results suggest that substantial differences exist between host environments of the Dow and Nafion PFSI.
<title>Keyword spotting via word shape recognition</title> (1995)

With the advent of on-line access to very large collections of document images, electronic classification into areas of interest has become possible. A first approach to classification might be the use of OCR on each document followed by analysis of the resulting ASCII text. But if the quality of a document is poor, the format unconstrained, or time is critical, complete OCR of each image is not appropriate. An alternative approach is the use of word shape recognition (as opposed to individual character recognition) and the subsequent classification of documents by the presence or absence of selected keywords. Use of word shape recognition not only provides a more robust collection of features but also eliminates the need for character segmentation (a leading cause of error in OCR). In this paper we describe a system we have developed for the detection of isolated words, word portions, as well as multi-word phrases in images of documents. It is designed to be used with large, changeable, keyword sets and very large document sets. The system provides for automated training of desired keywords and creation of indexing filters to speed matching.
An advanced CMOS imager employing modified AR and ACS methods (2008)

In this work we present measurements from two generations of fully operational 128times128 CMOS image sensor arrays. In these imagers, we have modified two existing design techniques, the active reset (AR) technique and the active column sensor (ACS) readout technique, and combined them together to achieve low-noise reset and improved spatial gain fixed pattern noise (FPN). In addition, we have implemented three different types of pixels, employing nwell/psub photodiodes to examine the influence of the shallow trench isolation (STI) on dark currents of the photodiodes. While the first fabricated imager served as a basis for different pixels and techniques examination, the second sensor was designed based on the conclusions drawn from the measurements of the first imager. Measurements from both sensors are presented, showing that the proposed architecture achieves column-level FPN of 0.05%, pixel level FPN of 0.16% and SNR of 15 dB at illumination level as low as 4 nW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , making it suitable for applications, where low light detection is required. Other imager attributes are also presented.
Flame tube NO(x) emissions using a lean-direct-wall-injection combustor concept (2001)

A low-NOx emissions combustor concept has been demonstrated in flame tube tests. A lean-direct injection concept was used where the fuel is injected directly into the flame zone and the overall fuel-air mixture is lean. In this concept the air is swirled upstream of a venturi section and the fuel is injected radially inward into the air stream from the throat section using a plain-orifice injector. Configurations have two-, four-, or six-wall fuel injectors and in some cases fuel is also injected from an axially located simplex pressure atomizer. Various orifice sizes of the plain-orifice injector were evaluated for the effect on NOx. Test conditions were inlet temperatures up to 8 1 OK, inlet pressures up to 2760 kPa, and flame temperatures up to 2100 K. A correlation is developed relating the NOx emissions to inlet temperature, inlet pressure, fuel-air ratio and pressure drop. Assuming that 15 percent of the combustion air would be used for liner cooling and using an advanced engine cycle, for the best configuration, the NOx emissions using the correlation is estimated to be <75 percent of the 1996 ICAO standard.
Electronic structure of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum/LiF/Al interface for organic electroluminescent device studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (1998)

Electronic structures of the 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3)/LiF/Al and Alq3/Al interfaces were measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Shifts of the highest occupied molecular orbital level and the vacuum level of the Alq3 layer due to insertion of a thin LiF layer were observed. This result indicates that the thin LiF layer at the Alq3/Al interface reduces barrier height for electron injection from the Al to Alq3. We, therefore, conclude that lowering of the driving voltage in an organic electroluminescent device with a thin LiF layer is attributable to the reduction of the barrier height.
Isolation of Arabidopsis Mutants Lacking Components of Acquired Thermotolerance (2000)

Acquired thermotolerance is a complex physiological phenomenon that enables plants to survive normally lethal temperatures. This study characterizes the temperature sensitivity of Arabidopsis using a chlorophyll accumulation bioassay, describes a procedure for selection of acquired thermotolerance mutants, and provides the physiological characterization of one mutant (AtTS02) isolated by this procedure. Exposure of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings to 48 degrees C or 50 degrees C for 30 min blocks subsequent chlorophyll accumulation and is eventually lethal. Arabidopsis seedlings can be protected against the effects of a 50 degrees C, 30-min challenge by a 4-h pre-incubation at 38 degrees C. By the use of the milder challenge, 44 degrees C for 30 min, and protective pretreatment, mutants lacking components of the acquired thermotolerance system were isolated. Putative mutants isolated by this procedure exhibited chlorophyll accumulation levels (our measure of acquired thermotolerance) ranging from 10% to 98% of control seedling levels following pre-incubation at 38 degrees C and challenge at 50 degrees C. The induction temperatures for maximum acquired thermotolerance prior to a high temperature challenge were the same in AtTS02 and RLD seedlings, although the absolute level of chlorophyll accumulation was reduced in the mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the loss of acquired thermotolerance in AtTS02 was a recessive trait. The pattern of proteins synthesized at 25 degrees C and 38 degrees C in the RLD and AtTS02 revealed the reduction in the level of a 27-kD heat shock protein in AtTS02. Genetic analysis showed that the reduction of this protein level was correlated with the acquired thermotolerance phenotype.
Fiber based acousto-optic filters (2003)

Reviews recent progress in the development of all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filters that are of increasing interest for their applications in wavelength-division multiplexing systems. Active gain flattening of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers will be described in detail.
Membrane-bound and soluble Fas ligands have opposite functions in photoreceptor cell death following separation from the retinal pigment epithelium (2015)

Fas ligand (FasL) triggers apoptosis of Fas-positive cells, and previous reports described FasL-induced cell death of Fas-positive photoreceptors following a retinal detachment. However, as FasL exists in membrane-bound (mFasL) and soluble (sFasL) forms, and is expressed on resident microglia and infiltrating monocyte/macrophages, the current study examined the relative contribution of mFasL and sFasL to photoreceptor cell death after induction of experimental retinal detachment in wild-type, knockout (FasL-/-), and mFasL-only knock-in (ΔCS) mice. Retinal detachment in FasL-/- mice resulted in a significant reduction of photoreceptor cell death. In contrast, ΔCS mice displayed significantly more apoptotic photoreceptor cell death. Photoreceptor loss in ΔCS mice was inhibited by a subretinal injection of recombinant sFasL. Thus, Fas/FasL-triggered cell death accounts for a significant amount of photoreceptor cell loss following the retinal detachment. The function of FasL was dependent upon the form of FasL expressed: mFasL triggered photoreceptor cell death, whereas sFasL protected the retina, indicating that enzyme-mediated cleavage of FasL determines, in part, the extent of vision loss following the retinal detachment. Moreover, it also indicates that treatment with sFasL could significantly reduce photoreceptor cell loss in patients with retinal detachment.
Some observations on submucous diathermy (1989)

Submucosal diathermy (SMD) of the inferior turbinates is widely used, although its effect histologically has not been well shown. We attempted to demonstrate the acute histological changes of SMD by performing it immediately prior to inferior turbinectomy. The results found help to explain the unpredictability of producing a clinical response.
An Over Expression APP Model for Anti-Alzheimer Disease Drug Screening Created by Zinc Finger Nuclease Technology (2013)

Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), famous for their ability to precisely and efficiently modify specific genomic loci, have been employed in numerous transgenic model organism and cell constructions. Here we employ the ZFNs technology, with homologous recombination (HR), to construct sequence-specific Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) knock-in cells. With the use of ZFNs, we established APP knock in cell lines with gene-modification efficiencies of about 7%. We electroporated DNA fragment containing the promoter and the protein coding regions of the zinc finger nucleases into cells, instead of the plasmids, to avoid problems associated with off target homologous recombination, and adopted a pair of mutated FokI cleavage domains to reduce the toxic effects of the ZFNs on cell growth. Since over-expression of APP, or a subdomain of it, might lead to an immediately lethal effect, we used the Cre-LoxP System to regulate APP expression. Our genetically transformed cell lines, w5c1 and s12c8, showed detectable APP and Amyloid β (Aβ) production. The Swedish double mutation in the APP coding sequence enhanced APP and Aβ abundance. What is more, the activity of the three key secretases in Aβ formation could be modulated, indicating that these transgenic cells have potential for drug screening to modify amyloid metabolism in cells. Our transformed cells could readily be propagated in culture and should provide an excellent experimental medium for elucidating aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, especially those concerning the amyloidogenic pathways involving mutations in the APP coding sequence. The cellular models may also serve as a tool for deriving potentially useful therapeutic agents.
Patient-specific Rods for Surgical Correction of Sagittal Imbalance in Adults (2018)

The ratio of patients with optimal PI-LL improved significantly from PSR implantation. In comparison with published data for conventional surgery, patients implanted with PSR were 2.6 times more likely to be optimally corrected. The expected benefits of PSR include the optimal execution of the plan, decreased mechanical complications, and reduced operating time, no longer requiring the bending of rods during surgery. A randomized trial on sagittal correction using PSR is ongoing.
Case Studies in the Application of Aqueous Two-Phase Processes for the Recovery of High Value Biological Products (2013)

Mammalian, microbial (bacterial and yeast), and plant cells are effective expression systems used commercially to produce mass quantities of biological, pharmaceutical, or chemical products of interest. However, there is the need to establish selective and scalable methods of product recovery that integrate effectively with upstream cell cultures to rapidly yield products in a state suitable for validation operations. The current state of the art purification and recovery methods utilize well-established multi-step processes (e.g. product release, solid-liquid, concentration and chromatography steps) that usually result in low yield and high process cost. In this key note address a series of case studies were presented where an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) extraction, an existing bioengineering strategy, was used to alleviate many of the previously mentioned existing process constraints. Specific case studies utilizing ATPS were presented for the purification of Rotavirus-like particles from insect cells, colorant proteins (i.e. C-Phycocyanin and B-Phycoerythrin) from microbial origin, human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) from alfalfa, fractionation of PEGylated proteins, and stem cells. Conclusions will be drawn concerning the use of ATPS in downstream processes that can greatly simplify the current way in which bioproducts are recovered.
Structure, Function, and Evolution of Bacterial ATP-Binding Cassette Systems (2008)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems are universally distributed among living organisms and function in many different aspects of bacterial physiology. ABC transporters are best known for their role in the import of essential nutrients and the export of toxic molecules, but they can also mediate the transport of many other physiological substrates. In a classical transport reaction, two highly conserved ATP-binding domains or subunits couple the binding/hydrolysis of ATP to the translocation of particular substrates across the membrane, through interactions with membrane-spanning domains of the transporter. Variations on this basic theme involve soluble ABC ATP-binding proteins that couple ATP hydrolysis to nontransport processes, such as DNA repair and gene expression regulation. Insights into the structure, function, and mechanism of action of bacterial ABC proteins are reported, based on phylogenetic comparisons as well as classic biochemical and genetic approaches. The availability of an increasing number of high-resolution structures has provided a valuable framework for interpretation of recent studies, and realistic models have been proposed to explain how these fascinating molecular machines use complex dynamic processes to fulfill their numerous biological functions. These advances are also important for elucidating the mechanism of action of eukaryotic ABC proteins, because functional defects in many of them are responsible for severe human inherited diseases.