gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum response factor and myocardin mediate arterial hypercontractility and cerebral blood flow dysregulation in Alzheimer's phenotype (2007)

Cerebral angiopathy contributes to cognitive decline and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions and dysregulation. We report vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in small pial and intracerebral arteries, which are critical for CBF regulation, express in AD high levels of serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin (MYOCD), two interacting transcription factors that orchestrate a VSMC-differentiated phenotype. Consistent with this finding, AD VSMC overexpressed several SRF-MYOCD-regulated contractile proteins and exhibited a hypercontractile phenotype. MYOCD overexpression in control human cerebral VSMC induced an AD-like hypercontractile phenotype and diminished both endothelial-dependent and -independent relaxation in the mouse aorta ex vivo. In contrast, silencing SRF normalized contractile protein content and reversed a hypercontractile phenotype in AD VSMC. MYOCD in vivo gene transfer to mouse pial arteries increased contractile protein content and diminished CBF responses produced by brain activation in wild-type mice and in two AD models, the Dutch/Iowa/Swedish triple mutant human amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-precursor protein (APP)- expressing mice and APPsw(+/-) mice. Silencing Srf had the opposite effect. Expression of SRF did not change in VSMC subjected to Alzheimer's neurotoxin, Abeta. Thus, SRF-MYOCD overexpression in small cerebral arteries appears to initiate independently of Abeta a pathogenic pathway mediating arterial hypercontractility and CBF dysregulation, which are associated with Alzheimer's dementia.
Expression and Purification of Functionally Active Recombinant Human Alpha 1-Antitrypsin in Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris. (2011)

Human alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) cDNA was obtained from HepG2 cell lines. After PCR and construction of expression vector pPICZα-AAT, human AAT was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris (P.pastoris) in a secretary manner and under the control of inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter. The amount of AAT protein in medium was measured as 60 mg/l 72 hr after induction with methanol. Results indicated the presence of protease inhibitory function of the protein against elastase. Purification was done using His-tag affinity chromatography. Due to the different patterns of glycosylation in yeast and human, the recombinant AAT showed different SDS-PAGE patterns compared to that of serum-derived AAT while pI shifted from 4.9 in native AAT compared to 5.2 in recombinant AAT constructed in this study.
Joseph B. Eastman: Servant of the People. By Claude M. Fuess. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952. Pp. xv, 363. $5.00. (1953)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Multi‐turn split‐conductor transmission‐line resonators (1997)

Multi-turn split-conductor transmission-line resonators (MSTR) can be designed to operate over a wide range of NMR operating frequencies without lumped tuning capacitors. This architecture constitutes an alternative solution to recent designs proposed for high-Q, thin-film, high-temperature superconducting NMR probes. An advantage is that the resonant frequency can be calculated in a relatively simple manner in terms of coil turns or total coil length, coil width, substrate thickness, and dielectric constant. Analytical calculation of the resonant frequency is provided. Also, a series of MSTRs was constructed on a double copper-clad substrate, and their resonant frequencies are noted. The results obtained were in good agreement with the predicted values.
Emission enhancement in single-layer conjugated polymer microcavities (1996)

We have studied the luminescence properties of microcavities which are formed by a single layer of poly(para-phenylenevinylene) sandwiched between a dielectric mirror coated with a conducting indium tin oxide layer and a semitransparent metal electrode. Compared with a device without cavity structure, the spectral and spatial emission are significantly narrowed, and the forward emission intensity is enhanced. We measure a spectral linewidth (full width at half maximum) of the cavity modes of about 4 nm in photoluminescence and 20 nm in electroluminescence and an enhancement of luminescence intensity in the forward direction of more than an order of magnitude. The implications of the narrowing of the emission and possible transfer mechanisms for excitation energy are discussed.
EPSO-evolutionary particle swarm optimization, a new algorithm with applications in power systems (2003)

This paper presents a new optimization model EPSO, evolutionary particle swarm optimization, inspired in both evolutionary algorithms and in particle swarm optimization algorithms. The fundamentals of the method are described, and an application to the problem of loss minimization and voltage control is presented, with very good results.
Trade Unionism in French-Speaking West Africa: From the Supervising Metropolitan Headquarters to Supervising Political Parties: The Difficult Search for an Identity (1900–1968) (2006)

Introduced in a colonial context, the trade-unions of French West Africa first emerged as a result of exchanges between migrants, particularly seamen, influenced by the CGT. Their development was, however, for a long time constrained by the local absence of the right of association. The history of the AOF labour movement is characterised by some long strikes (in the field of railway transport particularly), marked by racial tensions but also by co-operation between Europeans and Africans. After the Second World War, the African tradeunions become extensions of the main French trade-unions before attempting to find their autonomy. This highlights the paradox of internationalism in a colonial context. A double rupture, firstly with the French working class, which was denounced by the CGT, and then with the international federations, accompanied the creation in 1957 of the UGTAN (General Union of the African Workers). This was a transnational organisation that went on to fight against the ruling parties of the newly independent single-party states.
Improved bounds on Gaussian MAC and sparse regression via Gaussian inequalities (2019)

We consider the Gaussian multiple-access channel with two critical departures from the classical asymptotics: a) number of users proportional to block-length and b) each user sends a fixed number of data bits. We provide improved bounds on the tradeoff between the user density and the energy-per-bit. Interestingly, in this information-theoretic problem we rely on Gordon's lemma from Gaussian process theory. From the engineering standpoint, we discover a surprising new effect: good coded-access schemes can achieve perfect multi-user interference cancellation at low user density.In addition, by a similar method we analyze the limits of false-discovery in binary sparse regression problem in the asymptotic regime of number of measurements going to infinity at fixed ratios with problem dimension, sparsity and noise level. Our rigorous bound matches the formal replica-method prediction for some range of parameters with imperceptible numerical precision.
Time-Slotted Full-Duplex Access Network for Baseband and 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-over-Fiber (2008)

We demonstrate a time-slotted full-duplex access network for 1.5-Gbps baseband signals and 155Mbps 60-GHz-band radio-over-fiber. A reflective semiconductor optical amplifier at the access point is used to erasure the downlink signal for uplink reutilization purposes.
The absolute differential calculus (calculus of tensors) (1927)

Written by a towering figure of twentieth-century mathematics, this classic examines the mathematical background necessary for a grasp of relativity theory. Tullio Levi-Civita provides a thorough treatment of the introductory theories that form the basis for discussions of fundamental quadratic forms and absolute differential calculus, and he further explores physical applications.Part one opens with considerations of functional determinants and matrices, advancing to systems of total differential equations, linear partial differential equations, algebraic foundations, and a geometrical intro
User-dependent gesture recognition on android handheld devices (2014)

Nowadays, many mobile devices are equipped with built-in inertial sensors. This spurred the research on new forms of communication between man and machines based on the movements or “gestures” performed by the user when holding the device. Here we discuss a gesture recognition system for controlling mobile devices with a wide range of possible practical applications. The system was designed to run in realtime on a resource-constrained platform and therefore has a low computational complexity. The paper describes a GestWiz user application for Android operating system which uses the data from a single triaxial accelerometer to recognize a collection of 9 different hand gestures. The system's performance was evaluated off-line, using a gesture dataset, and on-line, through the series of user tests with the application being executed on a smartphone.
Straight homogeneous generalized cylinders: differential geometry and uniqueness results (2003)

The author studies the differential geometry of straight homogeneous generalized cylinders (SHGCs). He derives a necessary and sufficient condition that an SHGC must verify to parameterize a regular surface, computes the Gaussian curvature of a regular SHGC, and proves that the parabolic lines of an SHGC are either meridians or parallels. Using these results, he addresses the following problem: under which conditions can a given surface have several descriptions by SHGCs? He proves several results. In particular, he proves that two SHGCs with the same cross-section plane and axis direction are necessarily deduced from each other through inverse scalings of their cross-sections and sweeping rule curve. He extends Shafer's pivot and slant theorems. Finally, he proves that a surface with at least two parabolic lines has at most three different SHGC descriptions, and that a surface with at least four parabolic lines has at most a unique SHGC description.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficacy of the botanical extract (myrrh), chemical insecticides and their combinations on the cotton leafworm,<i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>boisd (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2000)

Effects of the botanical extract (myrrh), Commiphora molmol, and the sublethal treatments of profenofos/chlorofluazuron, fenvalerate and pyriproxyfen on the larvae of S. littoralis were investigated. The results showed that myrrh induced the highest activity after 7 days of treatment with concentration of 10000 ppm and the percentage of mortality reached 44.4%. The chemical insecticide profenofos/chlorofluazuron appeared to be the most effective treatment, giving a mortality of 54% after one day of treatment with a concentration of 100 ppm. Different treatments showed adverse effects on pupation, emerging adults and larval duration. The highest concentration of myrrh (10000 ppm) induced 35% pupation. No pupa was obtained with profenofos/chlorofluazuron while fenvalerate and pyriproxyfen gave 13.3% at 50 ppm. At 10000 ppm of myrrh, 25% adult was emerged, also fenvalerate and pyriproxyfen decreased the emerging moth to 13.3% at 50 ppm. For control there was no larval mortality at 7 days and the percentages of pupation and adult emergence were 90%. Bioassays were also conducted to test the joint action of myrrh applied in binary mixtures with each chemical insecticide on Spodoptera larvae. Results of the bioassay of mixtures indicated antagonistic effects on larval mortality. However, combination of myrrh with profenofos/chlorofluazuron showed additive effect. Also, the degree of pupation and emerging moth varied considerably when myrrh combined with the chemical insecticides. The present work shows the strong efficacy of the botanical extract (myrrh) which could be used alone or in combination with sublethal doses of certain insecticides to control the cotton leafworm.
Influence of antigen structure on the activation and induction of unresponsiveness in cloned human T lymphocytes. (1986)

Using cloned human helper T lymphocytes reactive with a 24 amino acid peptide (p20) of the carboxyl terminal of the HA-1 molecule of influenza haemagglutinin we have investigated the influence of antigen structure on the activation and in the induction of antigen specific unresponsiveness of T cells. For this analysis stereoisomers and structural isomers of p20 have been constructed. P20 in the form of a single loop created by a disulphide based between residue 306 and an additional cysteine at position 330 was able to activate the helper T cells in the presence of accessory cells but unable to induce tolerance. This result suggested that critical residues were prevented from direct interaction with the T-cell receptor and/or the MHC Class II determinants and required processing to expose them. The enantiomer (D-p20) and the inverted sequence (retro-L-p20) which have non complementary side chain topography as compared to the parent peptide neither activated nor tolerized the T cells. Furthermore the retro-D-p20 isomer which has the same side chain topography as L-p20 but with a reversal of amino and carboxyl acid groups also failed to stimulate or tolerize. Therefore T-cell antigen recognition is not determined by side chains alone. The results presented suggest that structure of extrinsic antigen influences T-cell antigen recognition.
Volumetric in vivo imaging of intracochlear microstructures in mice by high-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2010)

There is considerable interest in developing new methods for in vivo imaging of the complex anatomy of the mammalian cochlea for clinical as well as fundamental studies. In this study, we explored, the feasibility of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for 3-D in vivo imaging of the cochlea in mice. The SD-OCT system employed in this study used a broadband light source centered at 1300 nm, and the imaging speed of the system was 47,000 A-scans per second using the InGaAs camera. The system was capable of providing fully processed, high-resolution B-scan images [512 (axial) x 128 (lateral) pixels] at 280 frames per sec. The 3-D imaging acquisition time for a whole cochlea was approximately 0.45 sec. The traditional SD-OCT structural imaging algorithm was used to reconstruct 3-D cochlear morphology. We demonstrated that SD-OCT can be successfully used for in vivo imaging of important morphological features within the mouse cochlea, such as the otic capsule and structures within, including Reissner's membrane, the basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, organ of Corti, and modiolus of the apical and middle turns.
425 HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION OF LEA29Y IN PANCREATIC ISLETS OF TRANSGENIC PIGS (2009)

Among the candidate organs or tissues for pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, pancreatic islets are probably closest to clinical application. Rejection of islet xenografts occurs mainly by cellular mechanisms; that is, T cells. A candidate molecule to protect porcine islets against the attack by human T cells is CTLA-4Ig, which represents the T-cell-inactivating extracellular domain of the human CTLA-4 protein linked to a region of the human immunoglobulin (Ig). This recombinant soluble fusion protein binds to CD80 and CD86, blocking their interaction with CD28 and thereby inhibiting T-cell proliferation and T-cell-dependent antibody production. The survival of human, rabbit, and porcine islets after transplantation into streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice was found to be prolonged after treatment with CTLA-4Ig. In order to facilitate local protection of pig-to-primate islet xenografts, we generated transgenic pigs expressing LEA29Y, a modification of the original CTLA-4Ig with higher potency, specifically in the pancreatic islets. In LEA29Y, 2 amino acids in the binding region of CTLA-4 are altered. The LEA29Y coding sequence was placed under the control of the 1.3-kb core promoter from the porcine insulin gene (INS), and the polyadenylation signal from the bovine growth hormone gene (GH) was added. The construct was linked with a floxed neomycin resistance cassette and transfected into porcine fetal fibroblasts. The cells were selected and stable clones were pooled and used as donors for nuclear transfer. After electrofusion and activation, embryos were transferred to 2 synchronized gilts; 8 piglets survived to term with 7 of them carrying the transgene. Southern blot analysis suggested that the founder animals contain 1 or 2 independent integration sites. Four founders were autopsied at the age of 3 months to evaluate expression of LEA29Y in the pancreatic islets by immunohistochemistry. The ratio of immunohistochemically stained islet cell profiles to all islet cell profiles in the islet profiles visible in the sections was estimated. The staining intensity was also estimated qualitatively, by grading from weak to strong immunoreactivity (brown color, using DAB as chromogen). Although 2 founders exhibited single LEA29Y-positive islet cells in some pancreatic islet profiles, the other 2 founders showed a high percentage of strongly positive cells in all islet profiles examined, suggesting beta-cell specific expression. Fibroblasts from the latter 2 founders are currently being used for recloning to generate multiple pigs with constitutive expression of LEA29Y in the pancreatic islets. The protective effect of this strategy will be tested by transplanting LEA29Y-expressing porcine islets in diabetic mouse models with a humanized immune system and in diabetic nonhuman primate models. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 535).
Functional Characterization of the 5'-Regulatory Region of the Human Thrombomodulin Gene1 (1993)

Thrombomodulin, a glycoprotein expressed in endothelial cells, has an important role in the blood coagulation system as a modulator. Functional characterization of the 5'-regulatory region of the human thrombomodulin gene was carried out to identify elements necessary for its expression. We used a series of dissected gene constructs containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in transient transfection assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The region extending from -290 to -33 of the 5' end flanking sequence is required for the full expression of this gene. Within this region, four potential Sp1 sites were found, and the sequences of Sp1 sites were mutated to identify their role in the promoter activity of the gene, showing that the two Sp1 sites at -207 and -141 are important for the full activity of the thrombomodulin promoter. Site-directed mutation analysis identified sequence elements GCAATC at -110 as a functioning CAAT box. Another three regions, -290 to -223, -99 to -68, and -67 to -33 have unidentified positively and negatively acting elements. A silencer element was located in the region spanning from -947 to -772 bases of the 5' end flanking region. These data indicate that the expression of the thrombomodulin gene is regulated by various elements which act positively or negatively.
Mechanical properties of the fibrous tissue found at the bone‐cement interface following total joint replacement (1982)

A long-term problem associated with total joint replacements is the formation of a fibrous tissue at the bone-cement interface which may compromise the fixation of the prosthesis. In this study, harvestable amounts of interfacial fibrous tissue were generated using a prosthetic replacement of the canine stifle joint as an animal model. The collected tissues were examined histologically and by uniaxial, unconfined compression tests. The fibrous tissue had a matlike structure. The heavy collagen fibers were distributed at random in sheets and the sheets themselves were layered to form a mat. Such a structure may be able to resist compressive stresses normal to the plane of the mat but is probably not well suited to resist shearing stresses. The fibrous tissue proved to be a very compliant, deformable material and to undergo very large strains with load. The stress-strain curve for the tissue was nonlinear and was characterized by large deformations at low loads. But with increasing loads, the material became stiffer, and at high loads, the stress-strain curve became linear with a short-term tangent modulus of 1.9 MPa at a stress level of 0.5 MPa and a compressive strain level of 50%. With regard to total joint replacement systems which consist of an outer bone shell followed by a thin layer of fibrous tissue, a mantle of PMMA cement and a central core of metal or UHMW polyethylene, the fibrous tissue is substantially more yielding and deformable than the other elements of the structure and may have a significant effect on the structural behavior of the system.
Deghosting through Notches Using Echo Deblending – Synthetic and Field Data Examples (2017)

Summary Ghosts are interference events caused by the free-surface that impact the bandwidth and the resolution of the data negatively. Echo Deblending is a wave-equation based method to remove the ghosts events present in marine seismic data. Unlike other deghosting methods, Echo deblending aims to separate the reflection events of interest from their ghosts by noting that the ghosts are produced by (virtual) secondary sources that have been generated by the free-surface. Treating ghosts as secondary source events, source- and receiver ghosts can be separated by utilizing deblending techniques. In this paper, Echo-deblending is successfully applied to selected synthetic data sets to verify and compare performance, as well as to a 3D field data set. A modification of the method named coincidence filtering is introduced to improve the robustness of the method by utilizing travel-time matching together with amplitude thresholding during the deblending. It is demonstrated that the 3D Echo deblending is capable of producing satisfactory results, also in the presence of noise and acquisition-related uncertainties. This is a clear advantage over inversion-based methods that are more sensitive to noise present in the data.
Improving the Improved Training of Wasserstein GANs: A Consistency Term and Its Dual Effect (2018)

Despite being impactful on a variety of problems and applications, the generative adversarial nets (GANs) are remarkably difficult to train. This issue is formally analyzed by \cite{arjovsky2017towards}, who also propose an alternative direction to avoid the caveats in the minmax two-player training of GANs. The corresponding algorithm, called Wasserstein GAN (WGAN), hinges on the 1-Lipschitz continuity of the discriminator. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to enforcing the Lipschitz continuity in the training procedure of WGANs. Our approach seamlessly connects WGAN with one of the recent semi-supervised learning methods. As a result, it gives rise to not only better photo-realistic samples than the previous methods but also state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning results. In particular, our approach gives rise to the inception score of more than 5.0 with only 1,000 CIFAR-10 images and is the first that exceeds the accuracy of 90% on the CIFAR-10 dataset using only 4,000 labeled images, to the best of our knowledge.