gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Covariance Analysis of Sensors for Wind Field Estimation by Small Unmanned Aircraft (2015)

Measurements of aloft winds and turbulence is a fundamental necessity to many different applications. It has been long recognized that contemporary methods for atmospheric measurements, such as towers, balloons, and manned aircraft each are limited in their ability to make in situ measurements of atmospheric phenomena. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) provide a promising platform capable of operating in regions difficult for manned aircraft to access. They’re typically much cheaper to construct, operate and maintain than manned systems or larger UAS. This enables application in dangerous areas where a platform may be lost, or the use of many different platforms for better temporal (flight scheduling) or spacial (formation flying) measurements. The current meteorological UAS ecosystem consists of many different platform designs, sensor suites, state estimation methods, and wind estimation algorithms. Examining this body of work reveals that for sUAS there exists a compromise between the accuracy of the sensors, the size of the vehicle, and the complexity of algorithms used to determine observed inertial winds. Therefore, achieving the desired wind measurement resolution and accuracy with small unmanned aircraft requires a careful combination of sensors and algorithms. This work describes the creation of a tool that can be employed to make an informed decision regarding system design. Models for typical sensors used to measure atmospheric conditions and aircraft state are provided along with a detailed aircraft model. A sequential estimator is used to perform covariance analysis on the errors in inertial wind measurement associated with the Tempest UAS system. The results are compared to data gathered by the Tempest during a field campaign to demonstrate the effectiveness of determining anticipated errors from a particular system. The analysis is extended to two popular fielded sensor configurations and a flight pattern commonly used for aloft wind measurements from small unmanned aircraft. Results of this comparison are presented along with future directions for augmenting the utility of the covariance analysis tools.
Decreased Anxiety-Like Behavior and G<sub>αq/11</sub>-Dependent Responses in the Amygdala of Mice Lacking TRPC4 Channels (2014)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are abundant in the brain where they regulate transmission of sensory signals. The expression patterns of different TRPC subunits (TRPC1, 4, and 5) are consistent with their potential role in fear-related behaviors. Accordingly, we found recently that mutant mice lacking a specific TRP channel subunit, TRPC5, exhibited decreased innate fear responses. Both TRPC5 and another member of the same subfamily, TRPC4, form heteromeric complexes with the TRPC1 subunit (TRPC1/5 and TRPC1/4, respectively). As TRP channels with specific subunit compositions may have different functional properties, we hypothesized that fear-related behaviors could be differentially controlled by TRPCs with distinct subunit arrangements. In this study, we focused on the analysis of mutant mice lacking the TRPC4 subunit, which, as we confirmed in experiments on control mice, is expressed in brain areas implicated in the control of fear and anxiety. In behavioral experiments, we found that constitutive ablation of TRPC4 was associated with diminished anxiety levels (innate fear). Furthermore, knockdown of TRPC4 protein in the lateral amygdala via lentiviral-mediated gene delivery of RNAi mimicked the behavioral phenotype of constitutive TRPC4-null (TRPC4(-/-)) mouse. Recordings in brain slices demonstrated that these behavioral modifications could stem from the lack of TRPC4 potentiation in neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala through two Gαq/11 protein-coupled signaling pathways, activated via Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and cholecystokinin 2 receptors, respectively. Thus, TRPC4 and the structurally and functionally related subunit, TRPC5, may both contribute to the mechanisms underlying regulation of innate fear responses.
Broadband circularly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antenna with dual-offset feedlines (2011)

A new feeding technique for a broadband circularly polarized aperture-coupled patch antenna is proposed operating at X-band. The stacked microstrip antennas are used for broad bandwidth and flat gain. These broadband antennas fed by slot-coupled quadrature hybrid have dual-offset feedlines for low cross-polarization level. The quadrature hybrid has multi-section with multi-layers. The grounds of coupler and antenna are connected by via. The simulated 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 35.5% from 8.1 to 11.6 GHz and the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 35%.
PREVENTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA BY IMMUNIZATION WITH SPECIFIC CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES (1945)

1. Immunization of man with 0.03 to 0.06 mg. of each of the capsular polysaccharides of pneumococcus types I, II, V, and VII, given in a single subcutaneous injection, has been shown to be effective in preventing pneumonia caused by these types but not that due to heterologous types. 2. Immunity appears within a period of 2 weeks following injection of the polysaccharides. Its duration was not determined, although 6 months can be set as a minimum. 3. Immunization of alternate subjects in the population reduced greatly the incidence of pneumonia in the non-immunized. 4. The carrier rate for pneumococcus types I, II, V, and VII was lowered significantly in the immunized group as compared with the controls. It is suggested that an over-all reduction in the incidence of carriers was responsible for the lowered rates for pneumococcal pneumonia in the non-immunized group.
Inhibition of von Willebrand factor-GPIb/IX/V interactions as a strategy to prevent arterial thrombosis (2003)

Although drugs exist for the primary and secondary prevention of thrombosis, more potent antiplatelet drugs with sufficiently wide therapeutic windows to avoid bleeding complications are needed. Both academic and pharmaceutical laboratories are working to develop such drugs. This chapter reviews the potential of inhibiting interactions between von Willebrand factor (vWF) and the second most abundant receptor on the platelet, the glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex, interactions that are essential for the activation of circulating platelets, contacting a vessel wall injury. Although still at the level of preclinical testing, this area is expected to progress quickly during the next few years, also in view of the three-dimensional structural information that has recently become available and that allows a molecular understanding of vWF binding to the GPIbalpha chain of the GPIb complex.
少女与恶魔——论《风波》中反讽的功能 (1992)

鲁迅的短篇小说《风波》写于1920年10月,见于小说集《呐喊》。时至今日,这部小说极少为人关注,有关它的深入研究更是凤毛麟角。其原因大概在于,人们通常总是偏于从鲁迅小说人物的表层行为方式着眼,来探讨鲁迅小说的优劣。撇开鲁迅小说
CB<sub>2</sub>: a cannabinoid receptor with an identity crisis (2010)

CB(2) was first considered to be the 'peripheral cannabinoid receptor'. This title was bestowed based on its abundant expression in the immune system and presumed absence from the central nervous system. However, multiple recent reports question the absence of CB(2) from the central nervous system. For example, it is now well accepted that CB(2) is expressed in brain microglia during neuroinflammation. However, the extent of CB(2) expression in neurons has remained controversial. There have been studies claiming either extreme-its complete absence to its widespread expression-as well as everything in between. This review will discuss the reported tissue distribution of CB(2) with a focus on CB(2) in neurons, particularly those in the central nervous system as well as the implications of that presence. As CB(2) is an attractive therapeutic target for pain management and immune system modulation without overt psychoactivity, defining the extent of its presence in neurons will have a significant impact on drug discovery. Our recommendation is to encourage cautious interpretation of data that have been presented for and against CB(2)'s presence in neurons and to encourage continued rigorous study.
Real-Time Synchronization on Multiprocessors: To Block or Not to Block, to Suspend or Spin? (2008)

In the domain of multiprocessor real-time systems, there has been a wealth of recent work on scheduling, but relatively little work on the equally-important topic of synchronization. When synchronizing accesses to shared resources, four basic options exist: lock-free execution, wait-free execution, spin- based locking, and suspension-based locking. To our knowledge, no empirical multiprocessor-based evaluation of these basic techniques that focuses on real-time systems has ever been conducted before. In this paper, we present such an evaluation and report on our efforts to incorporate synchronization support in the testbed used in this effort.
Radioprotectors and Mitigators of Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Injury (2010)

Radiation is used in the treatment of a broad range of malignancies. Exposure of normal tissue to radiation may result in both acute and chronic toxicities that can result in an inability to deliver the intended therapy, a range of symptoms, and a decrease in quality of life. Radioprotectors are compounds that are designed to reduce the damage in normal tissues caused by radiation. These compounds are often antioxidants and must be present before or at the time of radiation for effectiveness. Other agents, termed mitigators, may be used to minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered. Herein, we review agents in clinical use or in development as radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Few agents are approved for clinical use, but many new compounds show promising results in preclinical testing.
III‐V/silicon photonics for on‐chip and intra‐chip optical interconnects (2010)

Abstract In this paper III‐V on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) heterogeneous integration is reviewed for the realization of near infrared light sources on a silicon waveguide platform, suitable for inter‐chip and intra‐chip optical interconnects. Two bonding technologies are used to realize the III‐V/SOI integration: one based on molecular wafer bonding and the other based on DVS‐BCB adhesive wafer bonding. The realization of micro‐disk lasers, Fabry‐Perot lasers, DFB lasers, DBR lasers and mode‐locked lasers on the III‐V/SOI material platform is discussed.
Combinatorial interactions of two amino acids with a single base pair define target site specificity in plant dimeric homeodomain proteins (2001)

Four groups of plant homeodomain proteins contain a dimerization motif closely linked to the homeodomain. We here show that two sunflower homeodomain proteins, Hahb-4 and HAHR1, which belong to the Hd-Zip I and GL2/Hd-Zip IV groups, respectively, show different binding preferences at a defined position of a pseudopalindromic DNA-binding site used as a target. HAHR1 shows a preference for the sequence 5'-CATT(A/T)AATG-3', rather than 5'-CAAT(A/T)ATTG-3', recognized by Hahb-4. To analyze the molecular basis of this behavior, we have constructed a set of mutants with exchanged residues (Phe-->Ile and Ile-->Phe) at position 47 of the homeodomain, together with chimeric proteins between HAHR1 and Hahb-4. The results obtained indicate that Phe47, but not Ile47, allows binding to 5'-CATT(A/T)AATG-3'. However, the preference for this sequence is determined, in addition, by amino acids located C-terminal to residue 53 of the HAHR1 homeodomain. A double mutant of Hahb-4 (Ile47-->Phe/Ala54-->Thr) shows the same binding behavior as HAHR1, suggesting that combinatorial interactions of amino acid residues at positions 47 and 54 of the homeodomain are involved in establishing the affinity and selectivity of plant dimeric homeodomain proteins with different DNA target sequences.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection: New pathogenetic and clinical aspects (2014)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than half of the world's human population, but only 1% to 3% of infected people consequently develop gastric adenocarcinomas. The clinical outcome of the infection is determined by host genetic predisposition, bacterial virulence factors, and environmental factors. The association between H. pylori infection and chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cell carcinoma, and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been well established. With the exception of unexplained iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, H. pylori infection has no proven role in extraintestinal diseases. On the other hand, there is data showing that H. pylori infection could be beneficial for some human diseases. The unpredictability of the long-term consequences of H. pylori infection and the economic challenge in eradicating it is why identification of high-risk individuals is crucial.
Optical memory disks in optical information processing (1990)

We describe the use of optical memory disks as elements in optical information processing architectures. The optical disk is an optical memory device with a storage capacity approaching 10(10) bits which is naturally suited to parallel access. We discuss optical disk characteristics which are important in optical computing systems such as contrast, diffraction efficiency, and phase uniformity. We describe techniques for holographic storage on optical disks and present reconstructions of several types of computer-generated holograms. Various optical information processing architectures are described for applications such as database retrieval, neural network implementation, and image correlation. Selected systems are experimentally demonstrated.
beta-d-glucuronidase activity assay to assess viable Escherichia coli abundance in freshwaters (2005)

GLUase activity is a reliable parameter for the rapid quantification of viable E. coli in waters.
Design of Hydraulic Ram Pump Systems (1995)

Automatic hydraulic ram pumps are environmentally friendly devices using a renewable energy resource to pump water for domestic or agricultural use. Since being superseded by pumps using electrical or fossil fuel energy nearly a century ago, they are now coming back into favour in many parts of the developing world. In the past, hydraulic ram pumps have been designed by rules-of-thumb having limited scientific basis. On-site adjustment has been used in the hope of rectifying the inevitable shortcomings of this process and ideal performance is rarely achieved. The present proposal for optimum design allows relevant system parameters (including the beat frequency) to be selected prior to installation. The paper shows how a ram pump system may be designed using two simple equations containing empirical factors dependent upon ram size, delivery head, material and wall thickness of the drive pipe and the configuration of the impulse valve. The design method is illustrated with reference to a number of existing tests. New experimental results for a 53 mm ram with five different impulse valve strokes are also presented.
Modeling and Analysis of Functionally Graded Materials and Structures (2007)

This paper presents a review of the principal developments in functionally graded materials (FGMs) with an emphasis on the recent work published since 2000. Diverse areas relevant to various aspects of theory and applications of FGM are reflected in this paper. They include homogenization of particulate FGM, heat transfer issues, stress, stability and dynamic analyses, testing, manufacturing and design, applications, and fracture. The critical areas where further research is needed for a successful implementation of FGM in design are outlined in the conclusions.
Studies on Glucose Isomerase of Bacteria (1964)

Optimum conditions for reaction of D-glucose isomerase from Escherichia intermedia, strain HN-500, grown on D-glucose were investigated together with some enzymatic properties. The optimum pH for the reaction was 7.0 and the maximum enzyme activities of varied incubation times of 10, 24 and 48 hours were found at 42.5°, 40.0° and 37.5°C, respectively. Practically, any of the metallic ions given in reaction system did not enhance the enzyme activity, and sulfhydryl reagents inhibited the reaction, but metal chelating agents affects little if any. Arsenate was proved to be indispensable for the isomerase activity itself, so that the reaction velocity varied with the concentration of both arsenate and glucose in reaction system. The isomerizing reaction proceeded to equilibrium from either sugar, i. e., D-glucose and D-fructose, and the equilibrated mixture contained 50per cents both of D-glucose and D-fructose.
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: Natural Mutant Models for the Study of the Immune System (2002)

Primary immunodeficiency diseases represent many natural mutant models for the analysis of many aspects of immunology. Examples dealing with T- and B-cell receptors are herein discussed. They also represent privileged models in medicine, because well characterized monogenic inherited diseases can in some instances be viewed as good targets for gene therapy as shown here for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
Detection of Norwalk Virus or Norwalk-like Virus Infections in Finnish Infants and Young Children (1994)

Norwalk virus (NV) and Norwalk-like viruses are important causes of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in older children and adults. Serologic responses to NV of 154 Finnish infants and young children participating in a rotavirus vaccine study were examined by ELISA with a recently available baculovirus-expressed recombinant NV capsid protein. In 4 serially collected sera (at the median ages of 3, 4, 14, and 23 months), 49% of children had at least one NV infection over the approximately 2-year study period. Children with low NV-specific IgG titers (< 1:50) at the median age of 4 or 14 months were significantly more likely to acquire an NV infection by the median age of 14 or 23 months, respectively, than children who had higher NV IgG titers (> 1:50) (P < .05). Thus, NV or Norwalk-like virus infections are more common in infants and young children than previously believed, and antibody to NV may be protective against such infections.
Contribution of OqxAB efflux pumps to quinolone resistance in extended-spectrum- -lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (2012)

The prevalence of the OqxAB efflux pump (both chromosomal and plasmid encoded) in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae is high in Spain and represents a potential reservoir for the spread of these genes. High expression of this pump contributes to reduced susceptibility to quinolones in clinical isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.
Air Suspension Gyroscope (1955)

A simple and challenging freshman laboratory experiment for the quantitative study of gyroscopic precession.
Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 are not increased in dyspeptic patients with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>‐associated gastritis (2003)

We could not show elevated circulatory levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in H. pylori-infected cases. We believe that H. pylori-related cytokine activation become concentrated on gastric mucosa and this pathogen-induced local inflammatory cascade does not cause changes in circulatory levels of these cytokines. Moreover, there is no correlation between the levels of serum cytokines and Sydney parameters.
Large-angle <i>L</i> x-ray production by electrons (1973)

Experimental values are given for the yields and spectral energy purities of K x-ray beams emitted at 120° and 180° from various targets when bombared by 0.01- to 3.0-MeV electron beams. Yields and purities are determined for beryllium, carbon, aluminum, titanium, copper, silver, and gold targets as a function of the target thickness and target inclination angle.
Calsequestrin 2 deletion causes sinoatrial node dysfunction and atrial arrhythmias associated with altered sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling and degenerative fibrosis within the mouse atrial pacemaker complex1 (2013)

Loss of CASQ2 causes abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and selective interstitial fibrosis in the atrial pacemaker complex, which disrupt SAN pacemaking but enhance latent pacemaker activity, create conduction abnormalities and increase susceptibility to AF. These functional and extensive structural alterations could contribute to SAN dysfunction as well as AF in CPVT patients.
TARLA FARESİ (MICROTUS GUENTHERI)’NİN LABORATUVARDA BESLENME BİYOLOJİSİ VE BAZI HABİTAT ÖZELLİKLERİ (2011)

Bu araştırma 2010 yılı Ocak-Mayıs ayları arasında151 gün boyunca laboratuvarda gözlenen bir erkek, bir dişi ve 4 adet yavru Microtusguentheri (Tarla faresi) örneğine dayanmaktadır. Bu türe ait laboratuvardabeslenme biyolojisi ile bazı habitat özellikleri kaydedilmiştir. Buamaçla,&amp;nbsp; 56 adet besin çeşidi denenmişolup, bunlardan 52 adet besin çeşidini yemiş, 4 adet besin çeşidini ise yememiştir.Habitat özelliklerini yansıtan iki lokalitedeki yuva delikleri vekonumlanmasına ait bazı ölçüler ile şekil ve fotoğraflar bu çalışmadasunulmuştur.
Probabilistic Inference of Speech Signals from Phaseless Spectrograms (2003)

Many techniques for complex speech processing such as denoising and deconvolution, time/frequency warping, multiple speaker separation, and multiple microphone analysis operate on sequences of short-time power spectra (spectrograms), a representation which is often well-suited to these tasks. However, a significant problem with algorithms that manipulate spectrograms is that the output spectrogram does not include a phase component, which is needed to create a time-domain signal that has good perceptual quality. Here we describe a generative model of time-domain speech signals and their spectrograms, and show how an efficient optimizer can be used to find the maximum a posteriori speech signal, given the spectrogram. In contrast to techniques that alternate between estimating the phase and a spectrally-consistent signal, our technique directly infers the speech signal, thus jointly optimizing the phase and a spectrally-consistent signal. We compare our technique with a standard method using signal-to-noise ratios, but we also provide audio files on the web for the purpose of demonstrating the improvement in perceptual quality that our technique offers. 1