gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy methods for automated inspection of food products (2003)

Automated product inspection is of considerable interest to food manufacturers since human inspectors currently perform a substantial amount of on-line inspection. At a low-level of information processing, machine vision offers advantages of objective and consistent assessment. However machine vision systems are frequently used for grading and quality control. In these applications, it is necessary to integrate a number of physical features to make an inference about overall quality that is consistent with consumer judgements. The work presented in this paper focuses on quality assessment of chocolate chip cookies based solely on visual features. Digital images were used to define physical characteristics of cookies produced on a commercial bakery line. Consumers were asked to rate typical cookies on a line scale. A number of fuzzy systems were developed to make quality control decisions based on features extracted from digital images. Results from two fuzzy systems are compared to consumer results from a validation test.
[Time-dependent Expression of Nrf2 Protein and its Effects on Wound Repair in Skeletal Muscle]. (2018)

Objective To detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） to explore its change rule and effects in the repair process of skeletal muscle. Methods An injury model of skeletal muscle was established by injection of cardiotoxin into the gastrocnemius muscle of SD male rats. The muscle samples were taken from control group and injury group at each time point （1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d, 13 d, 17 d, 21 d）. The morphological changes of skeletal muscle in repair process were observed by H&E staining, and the content of reactive oxygen species （ROS） was detected. The expression level of Nrf2 protein was investigated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. Results After the skeletal muscle injury, the injury region was infiltrated with inflammatory cells which constituted mainly by lymphocyte neutrophils and mononuclear cells. There were large amounts of immature muscle cells appeared at the 5th day and the muscle repair was completed at the 21th day. Comparing with control group, the ROS content decreased in injury group at the 12th hour （P<0.05）, while Nrf2 expression increased at the 16th hour （P<0.05）. Moreover, the positive rate of Nrf2 increased after injury, and peaked at 16 h-1 d, then decreased gradually and returned to the level of control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion The Nrf2 protein involves in the regulation of the repair of skeletal muscle injury. The positive rate of Nrf2 shows a time-dependent expression, which can be used to estimate the wound age of skeletal muscle.
Atlas of chick development (1997)

The hen's egg and its formation techniques early stages the establishment of the embryonic body body shape and external appearance the heart, blood vessels and lymphatics the urino-genital system the gut, coelom and respiratory system the nervous system the skeleton and muscles the integument the endocrine glands the extra-embryonic membranes plates appendix.
Ultra Low Nonlinearity Pure-Silica-Core Fiber with an Effective Area of 211μm 2 and Transmission Loss of 0.159dB/km (2002)

Ultra low nonlinearity pure-silica-core fiber with an effective area of 211 mum2 has been successfully developed. With good microbend resistance, transmission loss as low as 0.159 dB/km has been realized even in the spool condition
Blazelan: a photonic local-area network for distributed and parallel processing (2003)

Blazelan, a local-area network that can support gigabit-per-second throughput with very low delay (on the order of tens to hundreds of microseconds), is described. the basic idea behind the Blazelan design is the use of the fiber links as storage for packets in transit, thus eliminating the need for switch memory, simplifying the switch design, and featuring fast, 'on the fly', switching. Because of the distribution of storage throughout the network, congestion control and flow control up to the network layer are inherently provided in Blazelan. The use of source routing simplifies the routing operation. Because of the absence of conventional memory and the simple switching node design, Blazelan lends itself to photonic implementation. Blazelan is an example of the future types of extended bus local area networks that provide high-performance communication for future distributed and parallel processing systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid Regular Expression Matching for Deep Packet Inspection on Multi-Core Architecture (2010)

Many network security applications in today's networks are based on deep packet inspection, checking not only the header portion but also the payload portion of a packet. For example, traffic monitoring, layer-7 filtering, and network intrusion detection all require an accurate analysis of packet content in search for predefined patterns to identify specific classes of applications, viruses, attack signatures, etc. Regular expressions are often used to represent such patterns. They are implemented using finite automata, which take the payload of a packet as an input string. However, existing approaches, both non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) and deterministic finite automata (DFA), have limitations; NFAs have excessive time complexity while DFAs have excessive space complexity. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for regular expression matching to implement deep packet inspection on multi-core architecture. A regular expression is split into NFA-friendly components and DFA-friendly components, which are then assigned to different cores. This hybrid method combines the merits of NFA and DFA implementations, and efficiently takes advantage of multi-core architecture. We evaluate our algorithm using rule sets provided by Snort, a popular open-source intrusion detection system. The simulation results show that our approach outperforms existing NFA/DFA and hybrid approaches. Furthermore, our algorithm performs well on the important issues on multi-core architecture design, such as load balancing, data locality and communication between cores.
Transdermal penetration of physostigmine: Effects of oleic acid enhancer (1993)

Abstract The efficiency of the transdermal penetration of physostigmine through the guinea‐pig skin, in a vehicle containing propionic acid, was studied in the course of developing a transdermal physostigmine pad for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients. In an attempt to improve drug penetration, the addition of various concentrations of oleic acid(0.5–5%) was tested. The study included histological examination of skin biopsies from application site. The addition of 0.5% oleic acid to the vehicle enhanced the permeation of physostigmine and shortened the time needed to reach steady state levels of blood cholinesterase inhibition, without any damage to the skin. Stable values of physostigmine concentration and of cholinesterase inhibition were measured both in blood and in brain up to 72 h. A high correlation was found between physostigmine concentration in the plasma and cholinesterase inhibition in whole blood samples (r = 0.99 for the values measured up to 48 h). A lower correlation was found between physostigmine concentration and cholinesterase inhibition in the brain (r = 0.57). In a vehicle containing up to 1% oleic acid, physostigmine was stable for at least one month. Oleic acid concentrations higher than 1%, while increasing the flux of the drug through the skin, resulted in considerable skin damage. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Session Mobility Between Heterogenous Accesses with the Exictence of IMS as the Service Control Overlay (2006)

Session mobility is an advanced feature that provides new capabilities for the clients as well as more benefits for the service operators. In this paper we propose the deployment of a mobility server in IMS-IP multimedia subsystem to provide session mobility between the devices connected to different access technologies. We have modified SIP based session mobility approaches and we have adopted them in IMS. Moreover, advanced features of session mobility like session splitting and combined device discovery and session mobility is sought in this paper
Charge-driven co-assembly of polyelectrolytes across oil–water interfaces (2013)

We report a simple strategy to co-assemble oppositely charged polyelectrolytes across oil–water interfaces; this allows the accumulation of an electrostatic complex at the interface of species that are not surface active by themselves. To this end, we use a new, oil-soluble anionic polymer, poly-(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole-co-benzoic acid), in combination with a cationic polyelectrolyte that is dissolved in the aqueous phase. When only one of the two charged components is present, no positive adsorption is observed in interfacial tension measurements; by contrast, when both polyelectrolytes are present, in the oil and water phases respectively, a rapid decrease of the interfacial tension is observed, indicating co-adsorption of the cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. The complexation strength can be tuned through changes in both ionic strength and pH. Confocal microscopy and co-localization analysis further verifies the presence of both polyelectrolytes at the interface. With this approach, emulsions can be stabilized for several weeks; moreover, using the sensitivity of the complex to changes in pH, we are able to reversibly break and make the emulsions on demand.
Islet architecture: A comparative study (2009)

Emerging reports on the organization of the different hormone-secreting cell types (alpha, glucagon; beta, insulin; and delta, somatostatin) in human islets have emphasized the distinct differences between human and mouse islets, raising questions about the relevance of studies of mouse islets to human islet physiology. Here, we examine the differences and similarities between the architecture of human and mouse islets. We studied islets from various mouse models including ob/ob and db/db and pregnant mice. We also examined the islets of monkeys, pigs, rabbits and birds for further comparisons. Despite differences in overall body and pancreas size as well as total beta-cell mass among these species, the distribution of their islet sizes closely overlaps, except in the bird pancreas in which the delta-cell population predominates (both in singlets and clusters) along with a small number of islets. Markedly large islets (>10,000 mum(2)) were observed in human and monkey islets as well as in islets from ob/ob and pregnant mice. The fraction of alpha-, beta- and delta-cells within an islet varied between islets in all the species examined. Furthermore, there was variability in the distribution of alpha- and delta-cells within the same species. In summary, human and mouse islets share common architectural features that may reflect demand for insulin. Comparative studies of islet architecture may lead to a better understanding of islet development and function.
Theoretical design of antisense genes with statistically increased efficacy (2000)

Endogenous expression of antisense RNA represents one major way of applying antisense nucleic acids. To express antisense RNA intracellularly, recombinant antisense genes have to be designed and introduced into cells where the target RNA is encountered. Efficient annealing between the antisense RNA and the target RNA is crucial for efficacy and is strongly influenced by RNA structure. Here we extend structural rules for the design of in vitro transcribed antisense RNAs to the design of recombinant antisense genes. Intracellularly expressed antisense RNA transcripts contain a central antisense portion and additional flanking vector-derived sequences. A computer algorithm was generated to compose large sets of antisense genes, to calculate secondary structures of the transcribed sequences and to select for favorable structures of antisense RNA in terms of annealing and efficacy. The biological test system to measure efficiency of antisense genes was human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in 293T cells. When considering the lower intracellular steady-state levels of favorably structured endogenous transcripts, an antisense effect against HIV-1 replication was observed that was up to 60-fold stronger than that measured for predicted unfavorable species. The computational selection was successful for antisense portions of 300 nt but not 100 nt in length. This theoretical design of antisense genes supports their improved application under time- and labor-saving conditions.
A Method of Evaluating the g-sensitivity of Quartz Oscillators in GNSS Receivers (2019)

Modern global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers use temperature-compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) as generators of reference frequency. One of the parameters of quartz oscillators is its stability to output frequency when oscillators are subject to acceleration and vibrations. Such a stability is assessed by g-sensitivity value. Relatively high g-sensitivity of quartz oscillators can result in large tracking errors within circuits of GNSS receivers operating in hard vibrational-dynamic conditions, up to loss of tracking which negatively affect functional capacities of GNSS receivers. The current paper describes a method of estimating g-sensitivity of TCXO mounted on GNSS receiver printed circuit board (PCB). Experimental results have proved the advantage of this method over other known methods of g-sensitivity assessment for TCXO used in GNSS receivers.
Characterization of malignant peripheral blood cells of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1986)

Characterization studies were performed on the malignant peripheral blood cells from three patients with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) by allowing the cells to increase numerically in liquid cultures. JCML cells proliferated rapidly and excessively in the absence of an added humoral growth factor, whereas control peripheral blood cells declined in number when cultured under identical conditions. Clonality of JCML cells was proven by cytogenetic analysis of the proliferating population. JCML cells were exclusively of monocytic lineage as determined by morphology, staining characteristics, and monoclonal antibody identification of cell-specific surface antigens, but cytochemical and functional studies identified aberrant properties indicating defective differentiation. Striking differences from control cells in ultrastructure and topography were also observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. These data provide new information on the cellular origin of JCML and form the basis for further study of leukemic cell biology in this disease.
Switched-capacitor lowpass filter without active components (1980)

A method for the synthesis of lowpass filters by means of only capacitors and m.o.s. switches, i.e. without active components, is described.
MEASUREMENT OF DNA CROSSLINKS BY S<sub>1</sub> NUCLEASE: INDUCTION AND REPAIR IN PSORALEN‐PLUS‐360 nm LIGHT TREATED <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1979)

Abstract—DNA crosslinks in Escherichia coli cells. exposed to 4.5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen plus 360 nm light, were measured using a rapid and sensitive new approach. The assay is based on the specificity of S 1 nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae to single‐stranded DNA. Bacterial cells were lysed and the DNA denatured by alkali. Following acid neutralization. crosslinked DNA undergoes spontaneous renaturation and is rendered S 1 ‐nuclease resistant and therefore acid‐precipitable. The single‐stranded fraction after denaturation by alkali decreases with increasing near UV light exposure in the presence of TMP following first order kinetics. The kinetics were faster when exposure was at 4°C rather than at 20°C. This suggests that excision of crosslinks occurs during exposure at the higher temperature. Indeed. since the rate of DNA crosslinking in a uvr B mutant which is excision‐deficient was higher than in wild type bacteria at 4°C, some excision must have occurred even in the cold. DNA from excision‐proficient cells incubated at 37°C following exposure to TMP‐plus‐near UV at 4° showed a greater single stranded fraction than that from non‐incubated cells. This indicates repair of DNA crosslinks. which proceeded with a half‐time of 8 min at 37°C and was unaffected by substitution of thymine in DNA by 5‐bromouracil.
Hard target penetrator explosive development optimization of fragment, blast and survivability properties of explosives for hard target applications (1997)

Several new explosives have been developed for hard target and related applications. Materials having energy densities as high as 20 KJ/cc have been made. Mid-scale field trials have been carried out at Eglin Air Force Base. Fragmentation improvements 150% that of Tritonal have been attained.
<title>GaAs Optical Electronic Devices For Signal Processing Applications</title> (1979)

AbstractThe successful evolution of III -V optical and electronic devices from laboratorycuriosities to production components has opened exciting new possibilities for vastlyimproved electronic and optical electronic systems. GaAs FETs and semiconductor laserscan now be commercially obtained from a number of companies in the United States and Japan.Researchers have recently demonstrated GaAs digital integrated circuits1 and CCDs2 that canreach speeds and low- powered dissipations that cannot be achieved with similar geometrysilicon devices. The complexity (i.e., number of active components) of these circuits israpidly growing. Laboratory GaAs circuits with - 100 gates have been demonstrated.An entirely new technology is now possible by combining the optical and electronic III -Vdevice technology to achieve monolithic integrated circuits. Vastly more complex andsuperior performance optical systems can be contemplated because the problem of interfacingoptical devices with control and signal processing circuitry can be eliminated. Possibleapplications of this technology will include: large arrays avalanche detectors; integratedmultichannel transmitters, receivers, and repeaters; optical A -D converters; two -dimensional ultrahigh sensitivity monolithic imaging focal planes; and a host of othersignal devices that can incorporate optical and electronic functions. This approach isfundamentally different from integrated optics where all the signal processing is donewith optical interactions. In monolithic ICs, both optical and electronic devices will beutilized on the same chip. The use of each type of device in combination will depend onthe particular requirements of a given system. The significance of this approach is notbeing limited to either a solely optical or electronic signal processing technique, butusing a combination of the two to achieve results superior to either alone.There are a number of unique characteristics of III -V alloys in general and ofGaA1As /GaAs in particular (compared to silicon) that allow the monolithic integration ofoptical and electronic functions on a single substrate. These characteristics include:
A Study of Thermographic Diagnosis System and Imaging Algorithm by Distributed Thermal Data using Single Infrared Sensor (2007)

The infrared diagnosis device provides two-dimensional images and patient-oriented results that can be easily understood by the inspection target by using infrared cameras; however, it has disadvantages such as large size, high price, and inconvenient maintenance. In this regard, this study has proposed small-sized diagnosis device for body heat using a single infrared sensor and implemented an infrared detection system using a single infrared sensor and an algorithm that represents thermography using the obtained data on the temperature of the point source. The developed systems had the temperature resolution of 0.1 degree and the reproducibility of +/-0.1 degree. The accuracy was 90.39% at the error bound of +/-0 degree and 99.98% at that of +/-0.1 degree. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm and system, the infrared images of camera method was compared. The thermal images that have clinical meaning were obtained from a patient who has lesion to verify its clinical applicability.
Hydrogen bond directed formation of liquid-crystalline merocyanine dye assemblies (2001)

Combined interaction of triple hydrogen bonding, dipolar pi-pi aggregation and micro-segregation in a melamine-barbituric acid dye assembly leads to a columnar mesophase which could be characterized by optical polarising microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction.
Recent developments in photoinitiated radical polymerization (1999)

Abstract This article presents the progress made in the development of high‐speed photocurable resins and reports the performance of some novel radical‐type photoinitiators, acrylate monomers and telechelic oligomers. The polymerization kinetics has been studied by real‐time infrared spectroscopy, which records conversion versus time curves for reactions occurring in a fraction of a second. Phosphine oxides are among the most efficient photoinitiators and proved to be particularly well suited for the photocuring of pigmented systems and for solar‐assisted polymerization. Acrylate monomers containing a heterocyclic oxygen in their structural unit exhibit an unexpectedly high reactivity. The introduction of an amino group in the chain of a telechelic acrylate‐polyester causes a substantial acceleration of the polymerization process. In both cases, the increase in reactivity was attributed to the presence of labile hydrogen atoms which favor chain transfer reactions. The copolymerization of donor‐acceptor monomer systems, like vinyl ether‐maleate or vinyl ether maleimide, was shown to proceed readily upon UV irradiation, even in the absence of added photoinitiator. Light‐induced polymerization was also used to crosslink rapidly polymers functionalized with acrylate or vinyl double bonds, namely acrylated polyisoprene and a styrene‐butadiene block copolymer. The addition in small amounts (1 wt%) of a trifunctional thiol was found to speed up drastically the crosslinking polymerization, causing insolubilization of the thermoplastic elastomer to occur after a 0.1 s exposure.
The molecular interaction of a protein in highly concentrated solution investigated by <scp>R</scp>aman spectroscopy (2014)

We used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structure and interactions of lysozyme molecules in solution over a wide range of concentrations (2.5-300 mg ml(-1)). No changes in the amide-I band were observed as the concentration was increased, but the width of the Trp band at 1555 cm(-1) and the ratios of the intensities of the Tyr bands at 856 and 837 cm(-1), the Trp bands at 870 and 877 cm(-1), and the bands at 2940 (CH stretching) and 3420 cm(-1) (OH stretching) changed as the concentration was changed. These results reveal that although the distance between lysozyme molecules changed by more than an order of magnitude over the tested concentration range, the secondary structure of the protein did not change. The changes in the molecular interactions occurred in a stepwise process as the order of magnitude of the distance between molecules changed. These results suggest that Raman bands can be used as markers to investigate the behavior of high-concentration solutions of proteins and that the use of Raman spectroscopy will lead to progress in our understanding not only of the basic science of protein behavior under concentrated (i.e., crowded) conditions but also of practical processes involving proteins, such as in the field of biopharmaceuticals.