gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing of Caffeine Therapy and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study (2016)

Background. Caffeine is widely used to treat apnea of prematurity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of early caffeine (1-2 DOL) in decreasing the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods. A retrospective cohort was used to compare the neonatal morbidity of 150 preterm neonates with gestational age ≤29 weeks. Infants were divided into 3 groups based on the initiation timing of caffeine therapy; (1) early caffeine (1-2 DOL), (2) late caffeine (3-7 DOL), and (3) very late caffeine (≥8 DOL). Results. The neonatal outcomes of early caffeine were comparable with those of the late caffeine group. Moreover, when comparing the neonatal morbidity of the very late caffeine group with that of the early caffeine group, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. We found that the timing of caffeine did not influence the risk of BPD (OR, 0.393; CI, 0.126-1.223; p = 0.107), but birthweight did (OR, 0.996; CI, 0.993-0.999; p = 0.018) in these infants. Conclusion. Neonatal outcomes of preterm infants were comparable whether caffeine was administered early or late in the first 7 DOL. The risk of BPD in infants receiving caffeine after 8 DOL was irrespective of delayed treatment with caffeine. Our results clearly demonstrate the need for further studies before caffeine prophylaxis can be universally recommended.
Docosahexaenoic acid prevents apoptosis of retina photoreceptors by activating the ERK/MAPK pathway (2006)

Identifying the trophic factors for retina photoreceptors and the intracellular pathways activated to promote cell survival is crucial for treating retina neurodegenerative diseases. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major retinal polyunsaturated fatty acid, prevents photoreceptor apoptosis during early development in vitro, and upon oxidative stress. However, the signaling mechanisms activated by DHA are still unclear. We investigated whether the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway participated in DHA protection. 1,4-Diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophynyltio) butadiene (U0126), a specific MEK inhibitor, completely blocked the DHA anti-apoptotic effect. DHA rapidly increased ERK phosphorylation in photoreceptors, whereas U0126 blocked this increase. U0126 hindered DHA prevention of mitochondrial depolarization, and blocked the DHA-induced increase in opsin expression. On the contrary, PI3K inhibitors did not diminish the DHA protective effect. DHA promoted the early expression of Bcl-2, decreased Bax expression and reduced caspase-3 activation in photoreceptors. These results suggest that DHA exclusively activates the ERK/MAPK pathway to promote photoreceptor survival during early development in vitro and upon oxidative stress. This leads to the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, thus preserving mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting caspase activation. Hence, DHA, a lipid trophic factor, promotes photoreceptor survival and differentiation by activating the same signaling pathways triggered by peptidic trophic factors.
Potential of robots as next-generation technology for clinical assessment of neurological disorders and upper-limb therapy (2011)

Robotic technologies have profoundly affected the identification of fundamental properties of brain function. This success is attributable to robots being able to control the position of or forces applied to limbs, and their inherent ability to easily, objectively, and reliably quantify sensorimotor behavior. Our general hypothesis is that these same attributes make robotic technologies ideal for clinically assessing sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments in stroke and other neurological disorders. Further, they provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies. The present opinionated review describes how robotic technologies combined with virtual/augmented reality systems can support a broad range of behavioral tasks to objectively quantify brain function. This information could potentially be used to provide more accurate diagnostic and prognostic information than is available from current clinical assessment techniques. The review also highlights the potential benefits of robots to provide upper-limb therapy. Although the capital cost of these technologies is substantial, it pales in comparison with the potential cost reductions to the overall healthcare system that improved assessment and therapeutic interventions offer.
A parallel imaging technique using mutual calibration for split‐blade diffusion‐weighted PROPELLER (2010)

Split-blade diffusion-weighted periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (DW-PROPELLER) was proposed to address the issues associated with diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging such as geometric distortion and difficulty in high-resolution imaging. The major drawbacks with DW-PROPELLER are its high SAR (especially at 3T) and violation of the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill condition, which leads to a long scan time and narrow blade. Parallel imaging can reduce scan time and increase blade width; however, it is very challenging to apply standard k-space-based techniques such as GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) to split-blade DW-PROPELLER due to its narrow blade. In this work, a new calibration scheme is proposed for k-space-based parallel imaging method without the need of additional calibration data, which results in a wider, more stable blade. The in vivo results show that this technique is very promising.
EFFECT OF LOW-TEMPERATURE CULTURE AND SITE OF TRANSPLANTATION ON HAMSTER ISLET XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL (HAMSTER TO MOUSE) (1987)

Isolated hamster islets were transplanted either into the liver via the portal vein or into the renal subcapsular space of diabetic C57BL/6J mice. The mean survival time (MST) of hamster islets cultured overnight at 37 degrees C was 8.5 +/- 0.6 days when transplanted into the liver as compared to an MST of greater than 21.7 +/- 4.9 days with 1 recipient still normoglycemic at 60 days when the islets were placed in the renal subcapsular space. Low-temperature culture (24 degrees C) of the hamster islets for 7 days produced a further significant prolongation of xenograft survival when the islets were placed beneath the renal capsule (MST greater than 43.3 +/- 4.7 days) with 2 recipients normoglycemic at 60 days. A single injection of anti-T-lymphocyte serum in conjunction with low-temperature culture did not produce a further increase in MST; however, 3 recipients were normoglycemic at 60 days. Removal of the kidney bearing successful xenografts at 60 days resulted in a rapid return to the diabetic state. It was interesting that the xenografts maintained normoglycemia in the mice at a level equivalent to the normal hamster (66.2 +/- 4.7 mg/dl) instead of the nonfasting level found in normal C57BL/6J mice (128.4 +/- 6.4 mg/dl). The findings indicate that low-temperature culture of the donor islets in conjunction with using the renal capsule as the site of transplantation produced a marked prolongation of hamster islet xenograft survival. Slow rejection of the xenografts did occur in this site, and histologic studies indicated that this rejection may be antibody mediated.
Depolariser based on acousto-optical TE-TM convertersfor suppression of polarisation holeburning in long haul EDFA links (1994)

An acousto-optical Ti:LiNbO3 TE-TM converter whose transducer is placed at 1/3 of the interaction length forms a polarisation-independent optical depolariser, suitable to suppress polarisation holeburning in EDFAs. The authors present a double-stage depolariser with ≤ 0.03 residual degree of polarisation, 110 GHz optical bandwidth and 4 µs depolarisation time.
X-ray photoemission study of Fe-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>granular thin films (1983)

Granular Fe-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films, composed of small iron particles dispersed in an amorphous alumina matrix, have been analyzed as a function of the composition and of the depth by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The surface of all the samples is composed of a fully oxidized ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ form within an alumina-rich partly hydrated region, and the surface quantitative composition is highly dependent on the bulk composition. After ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ etching, metallic iron and iron aluminates become apparent. The concentration of the first species increases with increasing depth and the iron content in the bulk of the granular films.
Tutorial on Cellular Automata and Tilings (Tutorial) (2016)

Cellular automata (CA) are massively parallel systems where a regular grid of finite symbols is updated according to a synchronous application of the same local update rule everywhere. A closely related concept is that of Wang tiles where a local relation between neighboring symbols determines allowed combinations of symbols in the grid. In this tutorial we start with classical results on cellular automata, such as the Garden-of-Eden theorems, the Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon-theorem and the balance property of surjective cellular automata. We then discuss Wang tiles and, in particular, the concept of aperiodicity and the undecidability of the domino problem. The domino problem is the decision problem to determine if a given Wang tile set admits any valid tilings of the grid. We relate Wang tiles to cellular automata, and establish a number of undecidability results for cellular automata.
Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Group. (2003)

Evaluation of research depends on complete and accurate reporting. If medical journals adopt the checklist and the flow diagram, the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy should improve to the advantage of clinicians, researchers, reviewers, journals, and the public.
A <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> protein microarray reveals serodiagnostic and cross-reactive antigens (2009)

Understanding the way in which the immune system responds to infection is central to the development of vaccines and many diagnostics. To provide insight into this area, we fabricated a protein microarray containing 1,205 Burkholderia pseudomallei proteins, probed it with 88 melioidosis patient sera, and identified 170 reactive antigens. This subset of antigens was printed on a smaller array and probed with a collection of 747 individual sera derived from 10 patient groups including melioidosis patients from Northeast Thailand and Singapore, patients with different infections, healthy individuals from the USA, and from endemic and nonendemic regions of Thailand. We identified 49 antigens that are significantly more reactive in melioidosis patients than healthy people and patients with other types of bacterial infections. We also identified 59 cross-reactive antigens that are equally reactive among all groups, including healthy controls from the USA. Using these results we were able to devise a test that can classify melioidosis positive and negative individuals with sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 83%, respectively, a significant improvement over currently available diagnostic assays. Half of the reactive antigens contained a predicted signal peptide sequence and were classified as outer membrane, surface structures or secreted molecules, and an additional 20% were associated with pathogenicity, adaptation or chaperones. These results show that microarrays allow a more comprehensive analysis of the immune response on an antigen-specific, patient-specific, and population-specific basis, can identify serodiagnostic antigens, and contribute to a more detailed understanding of immunogenicity to this pathogen.
Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding Model based on Additive Time Series Decomposition (2019)

Knowledge Graph (KG) embedding has attracted more attention in recent years. Most KG embedding models learn from time-unaware triples. However, the inclusion of temporal information beside triples would further improve the performance of a KGE model. In this regard, we propose ATiSE, a temporal KG embedding model which incorporates time information into entity/relation representations by using Additive Time Series decomposition. Moreover, considering the temporal uncertainty during the evolution of entity/relation representations over time, we map the representations of temporal KGs into the space of multi-dimensional Gaussian distributions. The mean of each entity/relation embedding at a time step shows the current expected position, whereas its covariance (which is temporally stationary) represents its temporal uncertainty. Experimental results show that ATiSE chieves the state-of-the-art on link prediction over four temporal KGs.
Epidemiological profile of hearing impairments: The scale and nature of the problem with special reference to the elderly (1991)

The nature and scale of services for hearing-impaired people should be formed in the light of the demographic profile of the hearing-impaired. This paper furnishes data for three elements of that profile: the number of hearing-impaired people in England and Wales, the increase in the number of hearing-impaired that might be expected given the growth of the elderly population in England and Wales, and the major factors that influence use of hearing services at present. The combination of reliable prevalence data (1) with demographic information (2) gives good estimates of the numbers of hearing-impaired people and their age distribution. Thus an estimate of 7.4 million people with average hearing thresholds at mid frequencies of 25+ dBHL can be made for an adult population of 38.7 million (aged 18+ years). Eighty percent of these hearing-impaired people are aged over 60 years. Given no change in prevalence rates over the next 20 years, the demographic structure of England and Wales will increase the number of hearing-impaired by approximately 20%. The detailed form of service for the elderly will need to take into account factors shown to put groups at a disadvantage. In particular, the large shortfall in services for the very elderly (over 80 years) and those in manual occupations needs to be addressed.
Listening to an Audio Drama Activates Two Processing Networks, One for All Sounds, Another Exclusively for Speech (2013)

Earlier studies have shown considerable intersubject synchronization of brain activity when subjects watch the same movie or listen to the same story. Here we investigated the across-subjects similarity of brain responses to speech and non-speech sounds in a continuous audio drama designed for blind people. Thirteen healthy adults listened for ∼19 min to the audio drama while their brain activity was measured with 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An intersubject-correlation (ISC) map, computed across the whole experiment to assess the stimulus-driven extrinsic brain network, indicated statistically significant ISC in temporal, frontal and parietal cortices, cingulate cortex, and amygdala. Group-level independent component (IC) analysis was used to parcel out the brain signals into functionally coupled networks, and the dependence of the ICs on external stimuli was tested by comparing them with the ISC map. This procedure revealed four extrinsic ICs of which two-covering non-overlapping areas of the auditory cortex-were modulated by both speech and non-speech sounds. The two other extrinsic ICs, one left-hemisphere-lateralized and the other right-hemisphere-lateralized, were speech-related and comprised the superior and middle temporal gyri, temporal poles, and the left angular and inferior orbital gyri. In areas of low ISC four ICs that were defined intrinsic fluctuated similarly as the time-courses of either the speech-sound-related or all-sounds-related extrinsic ICs. These ICs included the superior temporal gyrus, the anterior insula, and the frontal, parietal and midline occipital cortices. Taken together, substantial intersubject synchronization of cortical activity was observed in subjects listening to an audio drama, with results suggesting that speech is processed in two separate networks, one dedicated to the processing of speech sounds and the other to both speech and non-speech sounds.
Morphology and post‐Chaudian (Late Pleistocene) evolution of the submarine Danube fan complex (1994)

ABSTRACT The Danube deep sea fan in the northwestem Black Sea has a lateral dimension of over 150 km and stretches from several hundred metres water depth down to the abyssal plain. Eight seismic sequences have been recognized in the fan complex. Each sequence consists of channel, levee and overbank deposits, as well as mass transport units. The Danube and the Ukrainian rivers have aggraded two surficial channel‐levee systems which diverge and decrease in volume downfan. The channels of these systems have a low sinuosity, implying young age, steep gradients and/or limited sediment supply. Significant channel migration occurred in the course of fan development, which could be largely controlled by relative sea‐level changes. The six youngest sequences mapped have been correlated to sea‐level fluctuations from the post‐Chaudian regression to the present day.
Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Umbilical\nCord Blood-Derived Unrestricted Somatic Stem\nCells on A 3D Beta-Tricalcium\nPhosphate-Alginate-Gelatin Scaffold (2014)

Objective: Finding cell sources for cartilage tissue engineering is a critical procedure. The purpose of the present experimental study was to test the in vitro efficacy of the beta-tricalcium phosphate-alginate-gelatin (BTAG) scaffold to induce chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, USSCs were encapsulated in BTAG scaffold and cultured for 3 weeks in chondrogenic medium as chondrogenic group and in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) as control group. Chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated by histology, immunofluorescence and RNA analyses for the expression of cartilage extracellular matrix components. The obtain data were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results: Histological and immunohistochemical staining revealed that collagen II was markedly expressed in the extracellular matrix of the seeded cells on scaffold in presence of chondrogenic media after 21 days. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed a significant increase in expression levels of genes encoded the cartilage-specific markers, aggrecan, type I and II collagen, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 in chondrogenic group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that BTAG can be considered as a suitable scaffold for encapsulation and chondrogenesis of USSCs.
Ganodermanontriol, a lanostanoid triterpene from Ganoderma lucidum, suppresses growth of colon cancer cells through ß-catenin signaling (2011)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and women in the world. Previous molecular studies have revealed that deregulation of the ß-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the progression of colorectal cancer. Therefore, modulation of the ß-catenin pathway offers a strategy to control colorectal cancer progression. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a rich source of triterpenes with anticancer properties. Here, we show that ganodermanontriol (GNDT), a purified triterpene from GL, inhibited proliferation of HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells without a significant effect on cell viability. Moreover, GNDT inhibited transcriptional activity of ß-catenin and protein expression of its target gene cyclin D1 in a dose-dependent manner. A marked inhibition effect was also seen on Cdk-4 and PCNA expression, whereas expression of Cdk-2, p21 and cyclin E was not affected by the GNDT treatment. In addition, GNDT caused a dose-dependent increase in protein expression of E-cadherin and ß-catenin in HT-29 cells. Finally, GNDT suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft model of human colon adenocarcinoma cells HT-29 implanted in nude mice without any side-effects and inhibited expression of cyclin D1 in tumors. In conclusion, our data suggest that ganodermanontriol might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.
Entrenamiento para pruebas cronometradas: preparación para una prueba aeróbica (opositores) y presentación de una herramienta de cálculo automático para las sesiones de velocidad (2003)

En ocasiones, como parte de un proceso de seleccion (una oposicion), necesitaras completar una prueba aerobica, por ejemplo correr 2.4 Km en un tiempo inferior a 9 minutos. Este apartado aporta unas orientaciones para preparar este tipo de pruebas.
Noninvasive Extracorporeal Thrombolysis Using Electrical Discharge-Induced Shock Waves (2004)

The results demonstrate the potential of electrical discharge-induced shock waves for thrombolysis.
Protein Recovery from Reversed Micellar Solutions through Contact with a Pressurized Gas Phase (1991)

We describe a new process for the recovery of encapsulated protein from reversed micellar solution in concentrated form. The method involves desolubilization of the protein by decreasing solvent density through gas dissolution. Under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, the micellar water pool can be converted to clathrate hydrates. Protein recovery is facilitated by clathrate hydrate formation, which causes the desolubilized protein to exist in a solid phase, distinct from the micellar supernatant. The process is carried out without any ionic strength or pH modification.
Synthesis and Application of a Hyperbranched Polyester Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant (2014)

Abstract In the presence of the alkaline catalyst sodium hydroxide, the intermediate of hyperbranched polyester (H20Cl) was prepared by the modification of the hyperbranched polyester Boltorn H20 with epichlorohydrin. Then a new kind of quaternary ammonium functionalized hyperbranched polyester (H20C16 N) was synthesized by the reaction of H20Cl and hexadecyldimethylamine. The characteristics of H20C16 N were determined by FT‐IR, 1 H NMR and TGA. The molecular and molecular weight distribution of H20C16 N were determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and the surface activities of H20C16 N including surface tension ( γ ) and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were measured at 25 °C. The H20C16 N reduced the surface tension of water to 30.81 mN/m at concentration levels of 7.94 × 10 −5 mol L −1 and micellization free energies of the quaternary ammonium salt in its solution showed a good tendency towards adsorption at interfaces. The H20C16 N was applied to the silk fabric. An antimicrobial test of the treated fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was carried out. SEM and XPS analysis were performed to study the dispersion of H20C16 N onto the fabric. All results exhibited excellent antibacterial properties of the hyperbranched polyester quaternary ammonium salt.