gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide Sequence and Growth Hormone-Regulated Expression of Salmon Insulin-Like Growth Factor I mRNA (1989)

Protein and cDNA sequence analysis have revealed that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) has been highly conserved among several mammalian species. Using the combined techniques of polymerase chain reaction and molecular cloning, we have now obtained the cDNA sequence encoding preproIGF-I from a teleost species, Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon). The 2020 nucleotide (nt) cloned cDNA sequence contains a 528 nt open reading frame encoding 176 amino acids in preproIGF-I and 175 nt and 1317 nt of flanking 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of salmon IGF-I is highly conserved relative to its mammalian homologues and there are only 14 amino acid differences out of 70 between salmon and human IGF-I. Interestingly, the C-terminal E domain of salmon proIGF-I, which is presumed to be proteolytically cleaved during biosynthesis, also shows striking amino acid sequence homology with its mammalian counterpart, except for an internal 27 residue segment that is unique to salmon proIGF-I. Northern analysis revealed that salmon preproIGF-I mRNA consists predominantly of a single 3900 nt sized band although minor bands were also observed after prolonged autoradiographic exposure. The RNA analysis also revealed that the level of preproIGF-I mRNA is increased 6-fold in liver RNA isolated from salmon injected with bovine GH, as compared to untreated controls. These results demonstrate that the primary structure and regulated expression of IGF-I by GH have been conserved in teleosts.
High-contrast coherent population trapping resonances using four-wave mixing in ^87Rb (2007)

We demonstrate very high-contrast coherent population trapping(1) (CPT) resonances by using four-wave mixing in (87)Rb atoms. In the experiment, we take advantage of the spectral overlap between F=2-->F(?) and F=3-->F(?) optical resonances on the D1 line of (87)Rb and (85)Rb atoms, respectively, to eliminate the DC-light background from the CPT resonance signal. We observe a CPT resonance with a contrast in the range of 90%, compared with a few percent achieved by alternative methods.
Percutaneous Catheter Dissolution of Cystine Calculi (1984)

In 11 kidneys with presumed cystine stones that were symptomatic and obstructing, percutaneous nephrostomy and stone lavage with either acetylcysteine-bicarbonate solution or tromethamine-E were performed. There were 7 complete stone dissolutions: 2 of 6 attempts with acetylcysteine-bicarbonate alone, 3 of 5 with tromethamine-E, 1 partial with acetylcysteine-bicarbonate, which was completed with tromethamine-E, and 1 proved mixed stone (cystine and calcium phosphate) that required acetylcysteine-bicarbonate and hemiacidrin. In 1 case tromethamine-E irrigation was 97 per cent complete but a few tiny caliceal fragments remained. There were 3 failures of chemolysis: 2 pure cystine stones (1 each acetylcysteine-bicarbonate and tromethamine-E) and 1 mixed calculus with a surface shell of calcium oxalate. Irrigation time was 6 to 42 days for the 7 unoperated kidneys. Tromethamine-E appears to be a more effective agent for cystine stone dissolution. Percutaneous nephrostomy and dissolution are an alternative to an operation in patients with cystine calculous disease.
Dictation: New Methods, New Possibilities (1989)

Dictation contains a wealth of new techniques to extend the traditional language-learning activity of dictation. The authors present some thought-provoking answers to such apparently simple questions as: Who chooses the text? Who dictates? Who corrects? What and how do they correct? The activities range from traditional focuses on spelling and punctuation problems to exercise that emphasize personal attitudes and opinions of both teachers and students. Dictation provides: activities suitable for a wide range of levels and ages; example texts for many activities, with permission to copy; opportunities for students to create their own texts; a variety of suggested correction techniques; suggestions for using dictation in teacher training.
Direct stimulations of cytokines (IL1-Beta, IL2, IL6, TNF-Alpha, IFN-Gamma, GM-CSF, LIF) in whole blood. Differences between normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. (1994)

peer reviewed
Rational Construction of Triazole/Urea Based Peptidomimetic Macrocycles as Pseudocyclo-β-peptides and Studies on Their Chirality Controlled Self-Assembly (2014)

A tandem macro-dimerization reaction via a Cu(I) catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction has been employed to construct triazole/urea based peptidomimetic macrocycles considered as pseudocyclo-β-peptides. Introduction of one particular chirality in the peptide backbone can alter the conformation as well as nature of self-assembly from cyclic D-,L-,α-peptide to cyclo-β-peptide. One of them (16a) forms antiparallel dimers while the other (16b) undergoes higher order aggregation to form a nanorod structure.
Design and evaluation of an optically-tracked single-CCD laser range scanner (2012)

A single-lens laser range scanner design was successfully developed and implemented with sufficient scanning and tracking accuracy for image-guided surgery.
The Role of SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in the Therapeutic Effects of Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2012)

In vitro hypoxic preconditioning (HP) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could ameliorate their viability and tissue repair capabilities after transplantation into the injured tissue through yet undefined mechanisms. There is also experimental evidence that HP enhances the expression of both stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, which are involved in migration and survival of MSCs in vitro, but little is known about their role in the in vivo therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we evaluated the role of SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 pathway in regulating chemotaxis, viability and paracrine actions of HP-MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Compared with normoxic preconditioning (NP), HP not only improved MSC chemotaxis and viability but also stimulated secretion of proangiogenic and mitogenic factors. Importantly, both CXCR4 and CXCR7 were required for the production of paracrine factors by HP-MSCs though the former was only responsible for chemotaxis while the latter was for viability. SDF-1α expression was upregulated in postischemic kidneys. After 24 h systemical administration following I/R, HP-MSCs but not NP-MSCs were selectively recruited to ischemic kidneys and this improved recruitment was abolished by neutralization of CXCR4, but not CXCR7. Furthermore, the increased recruitment of HP-MSCs was associated with enhanced functional recovery, accelerated mitogenic response, and reduced apoptotic cell death. In addition, neutralization of either CXCR4 or CXCR7 impaired the improved therapeutic potential of HP-MSCs. These results advance our knowledge about SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as an attractive target pathway for improving the beneficial effects of MSC-based therapies for renal I/R.
New horizons in the regulation of bile acid and lipid homeostasis: critical role of the nuclear receptor FXR as an intracellular bile acid sensor (2001)

Mice lacking the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR/BAR developed normally and were outwardly identical to wild-type littermates. FXR/BAR null mice were distinguished from wild-type mice by elevated serum bile acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, increased hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, and a proatherogenic serum lipoprotein profile. FXR/BAR null mice also had reduced bile acid pools and reduced fecal bile acid excretion due to decreased expression of the major hepatic canalicular bile acid transport protein. Bile acid repression and induction of cholesterol 7alphahydroxylase and the ileal bile acid binding protein, respectively, did not occur in FXR/BAR null mice, establishing the regulatory role of FXR/BAR for the expression of these genes in vivo. These data demonstrate that FXR/BAR is critical for bile acid and lipid homeostasis by virtue of its role as an intracellular bile acid sensor.
[Osteoblastoma: analysis of the treatment of 24 cases]. (1998)

The authors study 24 patients with the histologic diagnosis of osteoblastoma treated from 1953 to 1996, with a mean follow-up of 33.4 months. Two were considered as a malignant osteoblastoma. Twenty-two cases were operated, and in 2 of these was performed only a selective embolization to pelvic and spine localization. It was discussed clinical and radiographic aspects and the response to treatment. It was obtained 20 good and 4 poor results.
Expression Analysis of Barrett's Esophagus–Associated High-Grade Dysplasia in Laser Capture Microdissected Archival Tissue (2008)

This is the first study to identify epithelial genes differentially expressed in HGD versus NDBE in matched patient samples. The genes identified include several previously implicated in the pathogenesis of BE-associated dysplasia and new candidates for further investigation.
Involvement of oxygen-sensing pathways in physiologic and pathologic erythropoiesis (2009)

Red blood cells deliver O(2) from the lungs to every cell in the human body. Reduced tissue oxygenation triggers increased production of erythropoietin by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which is a transcriptional activator composed of an O(2)-regulated alpha subunit and a constitutively expressed beta subunit. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha or HIF-2alpha by the asparaginyl hydroxylase FIH-1 blocks coactivator binding and transactivation. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha or HIF-2alpha by the prolyl hydroxylase PHD2 is required for binding of the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL), leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Mutations in the genes encoding VHL, PHD2, and HIF-2alpha have been identified in patients with familial erythrocytosis. Patients with Chuvash polycythemia, who are homozygous for a missense mutation in the VHL gene, have multisystem pathology attributable to dysregulated oxygen homeostasis. Intense efforts are under way to identify small molecule hydroxylase inhibitors that can be administered chronically to selectively induce erythropoiesis without undesirable side effects.
<title>Incoherent Optical Signal Processing Using Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)</title> (1977)

This paper will discuss the capabilities of a new signal processing device consisting of a light-emitting diode (LED), a photographic mask, and an area-array charge-coupled device (CCD). Such a processor can perform a broad variety of useful one-dimensional operations including linear transformation (e.g., Fourier, Walsh, Hankel), multi-channel cross-correlation, filtering, and high-density read-only memory. Any desired window function can be designed into the mask and any desired amount of window overlap can be obtained by appropriate clocking of the CCD. Its strengths include high-speed, compact size, ruggedness, reliability, and potential low cost. However, as in other analog sampled-data systems, its accuracy is moderate (the equivalent of about 8 to 10 bits). The incorporation of a real-time programmable mask into this system expands its capabilities into the nonlinear and recursive filter-ing realms (in addition to programmable versions of the above-mentioned linear operations) at the expense of system size, complexity and cost. In many applications the numerical computation capability of such a processor far surpasses that of its conventional electronic digital counterparts.
Genetic analysis of EphA-dependent signaling mechanisms controlling topographic mapping in vivo (2006)

Ephrin/Eph ligands and receptors are best known for their prominent role in topographic mapping of neural connectivity. Despite the large amount of work centered on ephrin/Eph-dependent signaling pathways in various cellular contexts, the molecular mechanisms of action of Eph receptors in neural mapping, requiring dynamic interactions between complementary gradients of ephrins and Eph receptors, remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated in vivo the signaling mechanisms of neural mapping mediated by the EphA4 receptor, previously shown to control topographic specificity of thalamocortical axons in the mouse somatosensory system. Using axon tracing analyses of knock-in mouse lines displaying selective mutations for the Epha4 gene, we determined for the first time which intracellular domains of an Eph receptor are required for topographic mapping. We provide direct in vivo evidence that the tyrosine kinase domain of EphA4, as well as a tight regulation of its activity, are required for topographic mapping of thalamocortical axons, whereas non-catalytic functional modules, such as the PDZ-binding motif (PBM) and the Sterile-alpha motif (SAM) domain, are dispensable. These data provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of topographic mapping, and constitute a physiological framework for the dissection of the downstream signaling cascades involved.
The accumulation levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Sr, & Ag) in marine algae from southwest coast of India (2005)

In the context of use of marine algae as biological indicators of heavy metal pollution in coastal waters, six species of marine algae collected from the southwest coast of India were analysed for the levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Sr, and Ag). Interspecies and interclass variations were determined on a spatial and temporal scale. The metal contents varied in the ranges, Ni: 0.20–21.06 µg g−1 (mean = 10.13 µg g−1), Cr: non-detectable level (ND)–37.18 µg g−1 (mean = 13.86 µg g−1), Sr: 2.19–103.90 µg g−1 (mean = 29.40 µg g−1), and Ag: ND–6.39 µg g−1 (mean = 1.80 µg g−1). Ni and Cr contents were of similar magnitude to those reported for algae from polluted areas.
Shaping multidimensional signal spaces. II. Shell-addressed constellations (1993)

For Pt. I, see ibid., pp. 1799-1808, Nov. 1993. By appropriately selecting the boundary of a multidimensional signal constellation used for data transmission, the average energy of the constellation can be reduced. Reduction in the average energy (shaping gain) is obtained at the price of increasing the constellation-expansion ratio (CER/sub s/) and the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAR). The authors describe some practical means for selecting the boundary so as to achieve a point with low addressing complexity near the knee of the corresponding tradeoff curves (shaping gain versus CER/sub s/ or PAR). One class of addressing schemes is based on using a lookup table. A method to facilitate the realization of the addressing lookup table is introduced. This method is based on the decomposition of addressing into a hierarchy of addressing steps, each of a low complexity. This avoids exponential growth of the complexity. Using this addressing decomposition and a memory of a practical size, one can move along a tradeoff curve which has negligible suboptimality. Another class of addressing schemes is based on using a Voronoi constellation in a space of half the original dimensionality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metastatic Properties of Prostate Cancer Cells are Controlled by VEGF (2004)

Mechanisms of metastasis, the major complication of prostate cancer, are poorly understood. In this study, we define molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly invasive potential of prostate cancer cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGFRs), and alpha5beta1 integrin were expressed by prostate cancer cells in vitro and by prostate tumors in vivo, and their expression was elevated at sites of bone metastasis compared to original prostate tumor. VEGF, through interaction with its receptors, regulated adhesive and migratory properties of the cancer cells. Specifically, the highly metastatic prostate cancer cell subline LNCaP-C4-2 showed a decreased adhesive but an enhanced migratory response to fibronectin, a ligand for alpha5beta1 integrin, compared to its nonmetastatic counterpart. A similar pattern was also observed when bone sialoprotein was used as a ligand in migration assays. Increased migration of metastatic prostate cancer cells to fibronectin and bone sialoprotein was regulated by VEGF via VEGFR-2. Tumor suppressor PTEN was involved in control of VEGF/VEGFR-2 stimulated prostate cancer cell adhesion as well as proliferation.
Role of a Highly Conserved NH <sub>2</sub> -Terminal Domain of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 RNA Polymerase (2002)

The RNA polymerase complex of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV 3), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, is composed of two virally encoded polypeptides: a multifunctional large protein (L, 255 kDa) and a phosphoprotein (P, 90 kDa). From extensive deduced amino acid sequence analyses of the cDNA clones of a number of L proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses, a cluster of high-homology sequence segments have been identified within the body of the L proteins. Here, we have focused on the NH(2)-terminal domain of HPIV 3 L protein that is also highly conserved. Following mutational analyses within this domain, we examined the ability of the mutant L proteins to (i) transcribe an HPIV 3 minireplicon, (ii) transcribe the viral RNA in vitro using the HPIV 3 nucleocapsid RNA template, and (iii) interact with HPIV 3 P protein. Our results demonstrate that the first 15 amino acids of the NH(2)-terminal domain spanning a highly conserved motif is directly involved in transcription of the genome RNA and in forming a functional complex with the P protein. Substitution of eight nonconserved amino acids within this domain by the corresponding Sendai virus L protein residues yielded mutants with variable transcriptional activities. However, one mutant in which all eight amino acids were replaced with the corresponding residues of Sendai virus L protein failed to both transcribe the minireplicon and interact with HPIV 3 P and the Sendai virus P protein. The possible functional significance of the NH(2)-terminal domain of paramyxovirus L protein is discussed.
A critical comparison of search algorithms applied to the optimization of protein side‐chain conformations (1993)

Abstract Three different optimization algorithms are applied to solving the problem of finding the best side‐chain conformations with a test set of 14 globular proteins having known crystallographic conformations. It is shown that simulated annealing, simple and modified genetic algorithms, and a heuristic combinatorial approach achieve similar optimal solutions, with the exception of simulated annealing applied to the largest proteins. The efficiency of the different algorithms, however, shows wide variations. General conclusions are drawn concerning the optimal approach to such problems. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differential subsequence conservation of interspersed repetitive Streptococcus pneumoniae BOX elements in diverse bacteria. (1995)

Evolutionary conservation of an interspersed repetitive DNA sequence, BOX, from Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated to explore the mosaic nature of these elements. BOX elements consist of various combinations of three subunits, boxA, boxB, and boxC. Eight oligonucleotide probes were designed based on consensus DNA sequences of boxA, boxB, and boxC subunits. DNA hybridization studies and PCR using these probes/primers demonstrate that oligonucleotide sequences within the boxA subunit appear to be conserved among diverse bacterial species. The boxB and boxC subunits show only limited, if any, sequence conservation in bacteria other than S. pneumoniae. Intact BOX elements with boxA, boxB, and boxC subunits were only present in high copy number in pneumococcal strains. This pattern of differential conservation lends support to the modular nature of BOX repetitive elements in that boxA-like subsequences are effectively independent of boxB-like or boxC-like subunits in bacteria other than S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, dendrograms derived from repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints of S. pneumoniae isolates using the BOXA1R primer yielded clustering patterns that were similar to those obtained previously by other methods, suggesting that these repetitive sequence-based DNA fingerprints represent intrinsic properties of an S. pneumoniae strain's genome. Our results indicate widespread conservation of boxA-like subsequences in the bacterial kingdom, lend support to the mosaic nature of BOX in S. pneumoniae, and demonstrate the utility of boxA-based primers for rep-PCR fingerprinting of many microorganisms.
Some Thoughts About Warranty Law: Express and Implied Warranties (1980)

This article will conclude the author's consideration of warranty law in North Dakota, which began with an explanation of some of the more interesting aspects of the warranty of title. It is the goal of this article to explore some of the problems that occur with respect to express and implied warranties which arise in connection with the sale of goods. To that end, the article will first discuss the way in which these warranties arise, including their history and status, some of the more recent developments in this state, and finally probable future prospects. The practitioner should be aware of relatively recent federal legislation, the Magnuson-Moss Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act, which will greatly expand the applicability of implied warranties. A full discussion of this federal law is beyond the scope of this article. In addition, the recent developments in the law of strict liability and products liability which complement and overlap warranty law are beyond the scope of this article.
Evaluation of the use of attenuated total reflectance mid infrared spectroscopy to determine fatty acids in intact seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare) (2013)

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy was evaluated to measure fatty acids (FA) and total lipids in intact seed barley (Hordeum vulgare) samples. Results from this study demonstrated the capability of ATR-MIR spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares (PLS) regression to measure FA non-destructively in intact barley seeds. The coefficients of determination in cross validation (R2) and the standard error of cross validation (SECV) were 0.76 and 0.004 g 100 g−1 for stearic, 0.75 and 0.037 g 100 g−1 for oleic, 0.45 and 0.02 g 100 g−1 for palmitic acids, and 0.89 and 0.13 g 100 g−1 for total lipids, respectively. The practical implications of this study showed that ATR-MIR spectroscopy confer valuable benefits for the grain industry and in particular in breeding programs as a non-destructive high throughput method.
Benefits and limitations of three-dimensional printing technology for ecological research (2018)

Overall, 3D printing can provide time and cost savings to ecologists, and with recent advances in less toxic, biodegradable, and recyclable print materials, ecologists can choose to minimize social and environmental impacts associated with 3D printing. The main hurdles for implementing 3D printing-availability of resources like printers, scanners, and software, as well as reaching proficiency in using 3D image software-may be easier to overcome at institutions with digital imaging centers run by knowledgeable staff. As with any new technology, the benefits of 3D printing are specific to a particular project, and ecologists must consider the investments of developing usable 3D materials for research versus other methods of generating those materials.