gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect against n-hexane-induced neuropathy through beclin 1-independent inhibition of autophagy (2018)

Chronic exposure to n-hexane, a widely used organic solvent in industry, induces central-peripheral neuropathy, which is mediated by its active metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione (HD). We recently reported that transplantation of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) significantly ameliorated HD-induced neuronal damage and motor deficits in rats. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reported that inhibition of HD-induced autophagy contributed to BMSC-afforded protection. BMSC transplantation significantly reduced the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and the degradation of sequestosome-1 (p62) in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve of HD-intoxicated rats. Downregulation of autophagy by BMSC was also confirmed in VSC4.1 cells exposed to HD. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by PIK III mitigated the neurotoxic effects of HD and, meanwhile, abolished BMSC-afforded neuroprotection. Furthermore, we found that BMSC failed to interfere with Beclin 1, but promoted activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Unc-like kinse 1 (ULK1) was further recognized as the downstream target of mTOR responsible for BMSC-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Altogether, BMSC transplantation potently ameliorated HD-induced autophagy through beclin 1-independent activation of mTOR pathway, providing a novel insight for the therapeutic effects of BMSC against n-hexane and other environmental toxicants-induced neurotoxicity.
Predictors of Compliance with Naltrexone Among Alcoholics (2000)

Implications for approaches to increase compliance include reducing side effects and increasing patients' beliefs in the efficacy of naltrexone.
Nüshu: Chinese women’s characters (1998)

Peasant women in the Xiaojiang River valley of Hunan Province have used Nushu 'women's script' to write their regional dialect since the Song Dynasty or earlier. A description of the phonological features of the dialect is followed by analysis of the structural characteristics of the script, which in its current form is a systematic variant of square Chinese characters. Unlike the latter, however, Nushu's thousand-plus characters are syllabic. Its inclusion of characters and character components to represent groups of phonetically similar morphemes places it at a typologically intermediate stage between Chinese characters and Japanese kana. The visual aspect of many Nushu characters is related to women's weaving, embroidery, and paper cutting, thus reflecting the script's social role, in which women who have gathered to do needlework sing Nushu poem texts expressing their celebrations and sufferings. Nushu is also traditionally used by married women writing to their female relatives. This unique script is regrettably on the verge of extinction.
Bridging the gap (2009)

In this article, we briefly summarize the motivation, content and structure of the CNIKM'09 workshop.
Role of the Cholinergic Nervous System in Acid Secretion (1988)

Stimulation of acid secretion by muscarinic agents involves receptors with a higher apparent affinity to the M1-antagonists, pirenzepine and telenzepine, than those regulating heart rate and salivary secretion. However, the localization of the proposed M1-receptors regulating acid secretion remains unclear. Studies with parietal cells isolated from several species indicate that parietal cells have a muscarinic receptor with low affinity for the M1-antagonists. Our studies with somatostatin cells isolated from canine fundic mucosa indicates that the muscarinic receptor inhibiting somatostatin release also is of low affinity for M1-antagonists. We have found no evidence for regulation of histamine release from canine fundic mast cells, whereas there is evidence that acetylcholine induces histamine release from the enterochromaffin-like cells of the rat and rabbit fundic mucosa. Further studies will be necessary to determine which of the muscarinic receptors potentially involved in the regulation of acid secretion is responsible for the M1-behavior of this pathway.
Epitaxial Growth of Vertically Aligned and Branched Single‐Crystalline Tin‐Doped Indium Oxide Nanowire Arrays (2005)

Epitaxial growth of well-aligned tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowire arrays on substrates of (100) yttrium-stabilized zirconia with vertical and inclined orientations is reported. Branched ITO nanowires are grown on (100) ITO nanowire backbones by a second step of Au-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid growth. The Figure shows ITO nanowire branches grown parallel to one another on each side of an ITO nanowire backbone. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1673_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mesoporous polymeric semiconductor materials of graphitic-C3N4: general and efficient synthesis and their integration with synergistic AgBr NPs for enhanced photocatalytic performances (2013)

The newly functional polymeric semiconductor materials, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), have been synthesized by using a general and efficient sol–gel synthetic approach. By means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we accomplished a systematic analysis on the morphology changes and the final formation of the mesoporous g-C3N4 product during the whole synthesis process. Our results indicate that the sol–gel synthetic method is a simple, efficient and viable technique to the large-scale production of mesoporous polymeric materials. This proposed technique also allows controlled development and tailored design of the pore structures, which is of crucial importance for the application of mesoporous polymeric g-C3N4. In order to effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4, the uniform size of the AgBr nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully loaded into the holes of the carbon nitride by a simple adsorption–deposition method, which exhibits excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for degradation of Methyl Orange dye (MO).
Decreased hippocampal cell proliferation in R6/1 Huntington’s mice (2004)

In order to ascertain whether disturbances of neurogenesis occur in chronic neurodegenerative disorders, we assessed hippocampal cell proliferation in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD). Using BrdU labelling for dividing cells at two different time points (5 and 20 weeks) in transgenic and wild type control mice, we have shown that cell proliferation in the hippocampus was similar in younger asymptomatic R6/1 mice and wild type controls, but that older R6/1 mice had significantly fewer BrdU cells than controls. Such a decrease in cell proliferation may be relevant to some of the deficits seen in these mice, although further work is needed to prove this.
Multilayer perceptron training with inaccurate derivative information (2002)

Presents an algorithm for using possibly inaccurate knowledge of model derivatives as a part of the training data for a multilayer perceptron network (MLP). In many practical process control problems there are many well-known rules about the effect of control variables to the target variables. With the presented algorithm the basically data driven neural networks model can be trained to comply with these a priori rules, making the models more correct and decreasing the amount of required training data. Since the training of the rules is based on statistical error minimization the rules may be numerically inaccurate or contradictory. This makes the collection and maintenance of the rule bases much less expensive than in rule based expert systems. Currently the authors are incorporating the derivative based training into a commercial neural network process control tool.
Group I Intron Self-Splicing with Adenosine: Evidence for a Single Nucleoside-Binding Site (1991)

For self-splicing of Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA precursor, guanosine binding is required for 5' splice-site cleavage and exon ligation. Whether these two reactions use the same or different guanosine-binding sites has been debated. A double mutation in a previously identified guanosine-binding site within the intron resulted in preference for adenosine (or adenosine triphosphate) as the substrate for cleavage at the 5' splice site. However, splicing was blocked in the exon ligation step. Blockage was reversed by a change from guanine to adenine at the 3' splice site. These results indicate that a single determinant specifies nucleoside binding for both steps of splicing. Furthermore, it suggests that RNA could form an active site specific for adenosine triphosphate.
Expression of adrenomedullin in normal human lung and in pulmonary tumors. (1995)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent hypotensive peptide recently discovered in extracts of human pheochromocytoma. In this report we present evidence, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, that AM is synthesized by several cell populations of the normal lung, tumor cell lines of pulmonary origin, and tumor specimens. Among the normal cell populations of the lung, we found AM expression in the columnar epithelium, some glands, neurons of the pulmonary parasympathetic nervous system, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, alveolar macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. In tumors, AM expression was located in most of the nonsmall cell lung carcinomas and in half of the small cell lung carcinomas studied. These findings suggest that AM may play a broad role in respiratory homeostasis and lung carcinogenesis.
Preparation of ferritin-avidin conjugates by reductive alkylation for use in electron microscopic cytochemistry. (1976)

An improved technique was developed for the unidirectional covalent binding of avidin to ferritin by reductive alkylation. The method is based on the oxidation of sugar moieties on avidin and subsequent coupling to amino groups of ferritin via Schiff's bases followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. The resultant conjugate was used as an ultrastructural marker for the localization of surface receptor sites on biotin-derivatized whole cells. Erythrocytes were treated chemically with sodium meta-periodate and biotin hydrazide in succession. The ferritin-avidin conjugates were used to label the biotin sites either before or after fixation of the cells. The density and distribution of ferritin avidin conjugates on cell surfaces were anlyzed on thin sections and compared with those of cationized ferritin, which were shown to bind anionic sites of the erythrocyte membrane. The extensions of this method for the visualization of other systems is discussed.
UCP2, a metabolic sensor coupling glucose oxidation to mitochondrial metabolism? (2009)

Mitochondrial uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation may serve a variety of purposes such as the regulation of substrate oxidation, free radical production (a major by-product of mitochondrial respiration) and ATP production and turnover. As regulators of energy expenditure and antioxidant defenses, uncoupling proteins would seem to offer an attractive mechanism by which to explain the control of body weight, resting metabolic rate and aging. As a result, the discovery of UCP1 homologues has led to an impressive number of publications. However, 10 years after their identification, no consensus has been found concerning the function of UCP homologues, and there are controversies as to whether or not they even have physiologically significant uncoupling activity. Here, we discuss a potential new function for UCP2, as a carrier involved in the coupling between glucose oxidation and mitochondrial metabolism.
Scale‐up on basis of structured mixing models: A new concept (1994)

A new scale-up concept based upon mixing models for bioreactors equipped with Rushton turbines using the tanks-in-series concept is presented. The physical mixing model includes four adjustable parameters, i.e., radial and axial circulation time, number of ideally mixed elements in one cascade, and the volume of the ideally mixed turbine region. The values of the model parameters were adjusted with the application of a modified Monte-Carlo optimization method, which fitted the simulated response function to the experimental curve. The number of cascade elements turned out to be constant (N = 4). The model parameter radial circulation time is in good agreement with the one obtained by the pumping capacity. In case of remaining parameters a first or second order formal equation was developed, including four operational parameters (stirring and aeration intensity, scale, viscosity). This concept can be extended to several other types of bioreactors as well, and it seems to be a suitable tool to compare the bioprocess performance of different types of bioreactors. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Appliance standby loss reduction using AC switches (2009)

After a brief reminder of standards concerning power efficiency both for active or standby modes, we present some experimental results of standby losses for various AC-DC power supplies used in appliances. Then we explain how to reduce the power supply rating by reducing the current demand to control AC switches used in this kind of device. Finally, we introduce a compressor starter application where AC switches can also be used to replace PTC (positive temperature coefficient) resistors, and then reduce some losses that could be considered as standby mode losses.
A nanotechnology-based delivery system: Nanobots. Novel vehicles for molecular medicine. (2011)

A novel genetic sequence that targets a specific cell population has been successfully designed, cloned and encapsulated in a nanoparticle. This experiment is a significant step towards the development of a nanoparticle-based delivery system for therapeutic delivery of targeted gene-therapy towards attenuation of restenosis. Further work is necessary to expand the repertoire of this delivery system and determine whether it could become a versatile vehicle in molecular medicine.
Ultra-thin and strong formvar-based membranes with controlled porosity for micro- and nano-scale systems (2018)

We present a methodology for developing ultra-thin and strong formvar-based membranes with controlled morphologies. Formvar is a thin hydrophilic and oleophilic polymer inert to most chemicals and resistant to radiation. The formvar-based membranes are viable materials as support structures in micro- and macro-scale systems depending on thinness and porosity control. Tunable sub-micron thick porous membranes with 20%-65% porosity were synthesized by controlling the ratios of formvar, glycerol, and chloroform. This synthesis process does not require complex separation or handling methods and allows for the production of strong, thin, and porous formvar-based membranes. An expansive array of these membrane characterizations including chemical compatibility, mechanical responses, wettability, as well as the mathematical simulations as a function of porosity has been presented. The wide range of chemical compatibility allows for membrane applications in various environments, where other polymers would not be suitable. Our formvar-based membranes were found to have an elastic modulus of 7.8 GPa, a surface free energy of 50 mN m<sup>-1</sup> and an average thickness of 125 nm. Stochastic model simulations indicate that formvar with the porosity of ∼50% is the optimal membrane formulation, allowing the most material transfer across the membrane while also withstanding the highest simulated pressure loadings before tearing. Development of novel, resilient and versatile membranes with controlled porosity offers a wide range of exciting applications in the fields of nanoscience, microfluidics, and MEMS.
A study of aqueous sodium cholate by <sup>2</sup>H nmr (1981)

Solutions of aqueous sodium 7- 2 H-cholate have been studied as a function of cholate concentration by 2 H nmr. Relaxation times and solution viscosities have been used to show that cholate is monomeric in solution at 0.1 M. Increasing concentration leads to tetramer formation which is complete at 0.1 M. The tetramer solutions are stable up to 55 °C. Solutions of cholate in aqueous pyridine also form tetramers in the same fashion. Evidence was found, however, for a weak hydrogen bonding interaction between the two.
Efficient distributed locality sensitive hashing (2012)

Distributed frameworks are gaining increasingly widespread use in applications that process large amounts of data. One important example application is large scale similarity search, for which Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) has emerged as the method of choice, specially when the data is high-dimensional. To guarantee high search quality, the LSH scheme needs a rather large number of hash tables. This entails a large space requirement, and in the distributed setting, with each query requiring a network call per hash bucket look up, also a big network load. Panigrahy's Entropy LSH scheme significantly reduces the space requirement but does not help with (and in fact worsens) the search network efficiency. In this paper, focusing on the Euclidian space under ι2 norm and building up on Entropy LSH, we propose the distributed Layered LSH scheme, and prove that it exponentially decreases the network cost, while maintaining a good load balance between different machines. Our experiments also verify that our theoretical results.
Fairness Incentives for Myopic Agents (2017)

We consider settings in which we wish to incentivize myopic agents (such as Airbnb landlords, who may emphasize short-term profits and property safety) to treat arriving clients fairly, in order to prevent overall discrimination against individuals or groups. We model such settings in both classical and contextual bandit models in which the myopic agents maximize rewards according to current empirical averages, but are also amenable to exogenous payments that may cause them to alter their choices. Our notion of fairness asks that more qualified individuals are never (probabilistically) preferred over less qualifie ones [8].
Current Issues in Onychomycosis (1998)

Currently, continuous terbinafine appears to be the most cost-effective drug for dermatophyte onychomycosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Bond Formation: Beyond the Myth of Coupling Reagents (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Channel utilization by remote locomotive control systems using digital transmission (1976)

The railroad industry is successfully operating, co-channel, several radio controlled remote locomotive systems (slave locomotives) and cab signalling systems within radio range of each other through the use of high security digital transmission. The railroad radio service now has two pair of 450 MHz frequencies assigned nationwide for these systems. This paper will describe the extent these systems are presently being used and the methods employed to avoid intersystem interference while permitting sufficient air time to provide "real time" control and signalling to locomotives.
SOC 민간투자사업의 CM 업무 수행구조 제안 (2006)

정부는 재정 부담을 완화하면서 사회간접시설을 조기에 구축할 수 있는 SOC 민간투자사업 제도를 도입하여 적극 장려하고 있다. 민간투자사업의 비중은 2005년을 기준으로 전체 SOC 투자의 15%에 이를 만큼 크게 성장 하였으며 이러한 성장세는 당분간 지속될 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 화려한 양적인 성장에 비해서 사업의 효율성, 생산성, 사업 규모의 적정성 등에 관한 문제점들이 지적되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 민간투자사업에서 나타나고 있는 문제점을 도출하고, 이러한 문제점의 해결 방안으로 민간투자사업에 CM을 적용하는 방안을 제시 하였다. 제시한 방안을 통하여 단기적으로는 SOC 민간투자사업의 효율성과 생산성을 증대시키는 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이며, 장기적으로는 CM 적용의 좋은 사례(best practice)로 건설 산업 전반에 CM이 도입되는 촉매제가 될 것이다
Optical Scattering in Multilayer Thin Films (1979)

The matrix formulation of the theory of the optical properties of multilayer thin films is extended by the inclusion of appropriate scattering coefficients to account for the effects of interfacial roughness, particularly the spatial and spectral distributions of scattered radiation. The relationships of the generalized theory to well-established principles and theorems of thin film optics is emphasized, and the results are used to explain the characteristics of the radiation scattered by all-dielectric interference filters. To obtain quantitative predictions, relationships are also derived between interfacial scattering coefficients and the structural parameters of the rough interfaces between layers. Two approaches are used, one involving perturbation radiation from interfacial electric dipoles and the other the Kirchhoff vector diffraction integral, and the values of the resulting scattering coefficients are compared.
Non-destructive inverse modeling of copper interconnect structure for 90nm technology node (2003)

We propose non-destructive inverse modeling of copper interconnect cross-sectional structures, which reproduces the pitch dependence of intraand interlayer coupling capacitance parasitic to the interconnect. The coupling capacitances, as well as fringing capacitance, are measured by a proposed test structure based on the charge-based capacitance measurement (CBCM) method (J. C. Chen et al., Tech. Dig. of IEDM, p.69-72, 1996). The present methodology not only provides accurate assessment of actual capacitance variation but provides valuable feedback on the variability of physical parameters such as interlayer dielectric (ILD) thickness and interconnect drawn width reduction or swelling for process control as well. It also ensures the accuracy of LPE (layout parameters extraction) for the 90 nm technology node and beyond.
Millimeter-wave main memory-to-processor data bus (2010)

The mainstreaming of chip multiprocessor (CMP) architectures exact a profound impact on valuable resources, for example, L3 cache capacity, off-chip bandwidth and on-board main memory capacity. Even with latency-hiding software strategies, in a memory-starved system, a processor can remain idle for several decades of clock cycles and performance will degrade [1]. Two hardware solutions are being developed for opening the memory bottleneck; (1) Stack bare SRAM die memory, with multiplexer-demultiplexer, using through-silicon vias and place the SRAM stacks around the multi-core processor at the multi-chip carrier level [2] to increase L3 capacity and, in addition, also stack dynamic random access memory (DRAM) dies on board to increase main memory capacity needed for numerically intensive and storage intensive computations.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN IKAN KERAPU TIKUS (Cromileptes altivelis) MELALUI PEMBERIAN PAKAN BUATAN KOMBINASI TEPUNG KERANG MABE (Pteria penguin) DAN TEPUNG UDANG REBON (2014)

Ikan kerapu bebek atau kerapu tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) adalah salah satu jenis ikan laut yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan memiliki prospek yang sangat bagus untuk dibudidayakan.  Budidaya ikan kerapu tikus saat ini telah berkembang dan seperti halnya budidaya ikan secara umum, salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilannya ditentukan oleh manajemen pakan.  Pada manajemen pakan, salah satu aspek yang penting adalah dosis pakan yang diberikan pada ikan budidaya.  Pada penelitian ini pakan uji yang digunakan adalah pakan buatan berupa pellet dengan dosis tepung kerang mabe berbeda (0%, 10%, 20% dan 30 %).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan konversi pakan.  Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan D (30% kerang mabe) yang menghasilkan angka pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 7.83±1.09 gram, laju pertumbuhan spesifik 3.66±0.25 % per hari dan konversi pakan 7.27±0.28.