gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Molecular Assembly Patterning:  A New Approach to Micro- and Nanochemical Patterning of Surfaces for Biological Applications (2002)

A novel patterning technique based on selective self-assembly of alkane phosphates on metal oxide surfaces is presented. Standard photolithography was used to create patterns of titanium dioxide within a matrix of silicon dioxide. Alkane phosphates were found to self-assemble on TiO2, but not on SiO2, surfaces. Subsequent adsorption of poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) rendered the exposed SiO2 surface resistant to protein adsorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were employed to monitor the assembly processes. Protein-adsorption studies by means of fluorescence microscopy conclusively established that the resulting surfaces displayed protein-adhesive, alkyl phosphate modified TiO2 features, arranged within a protein-resistant PLL-g-PEG-modified SiO2 matrix. Human foreskin fibroblasts, incubated in a serum-containing medium, were found to selectively attach to the protein-adhesive areas, where they developed focal contacts. No interaction of cells with the PLL-g-PEG-coated SiO2 areas was evident for at least 14 days. This patterning approach, termed selective molecular assembly patterning, is considered to be suitable for reproducible and cost-effective fabrication of biologically relevant chemical patterns over large areas.
The World Bank Since Bretton Woods. The Origins, Policies, Operations, and Impact of The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Other Members of the World Bank Group: The International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, Strengthening the World Bank and The World Bank Group, Multilateral Aid, and the 1970s (1975)

The World Bank Since Bretton Woods. The Origins, Policies, Operations, and Impact of The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Other Members of the World Bank Group: The International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, Strengthening the World Bank and The World Bank Group, Multilateral Aid, and the 1970s Get access The World Bank Since Bretton Woods. The Origins, Policies, Operations, and Impact of The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Other Members of the World Bank Group: The International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. By Edward S. Mason and Robert E. Asher Foreword by Kermit Gordon. Washington. D.C.: The Brookings Institution. 1973. 915 pp. Index. $17.50.Strengthening the World Bank. By Escott Reid. Introd. by Maurice Strong. Chicago. Ill: The Adlai Stevenson Institute of International Affairs. 1973. 289 pp. Index. $7.50£3.00. Rs. 40.00.The World Bank Group, Multilateral Aid, and the 1970s. Edited by John P. Lewis and Ishan Kapur. Lexington, Mass., Toronto, London: Heath. 1973. 168 pp. Bibliog. Index. $13.00. John White John White Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 51, Issue 2, April 1975, Pages 245–249, https://doi.org/10.2307/2617241 Published: 01 April 1975
TCP Reno and Vegas performance in wireless ad hoc networks (2002)

We use a simulation method to analyze the performance of TCP Reno, NewReno, SACK and Vegas in wireless ad hoc networks. We propose an alternative adapted SACK option format (ASACK) and a new technique, round trip time (RTT) notification (RN), to improve the performance of TCP Reno and Vegas in wireless ad hoc networks respectively. An associativity-based routing (ABR) protocol is also implemented to study how the route stability affects the performance of TCP.
A manipulator with flexible drilling unit for hematopoietic stem cell harvesting (2003)

We present the development of an innovative device (Stem Cell Harvesting Manipulator) to get hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplantation. By using this manipulator, stem cells are harvested from iliac bone of the donor within minimal puncture. In this paper, we report the development of a prototype of the Stem Cell Harvesting Manipulator with Flexible Drilling Unit. The manipulator is inserted into the medullary space from the iliac crest and aspirates the bone marrow while an end-mill on the tip of the Flexible Drilling Unit drills through cancellous bone to create a curved path. We found that the manipulator can be inserted into the medullary space of the pig iliac bone 131 mm by 32.1 mm/sec and harvests a phantom of bone marrow about 6 times as much in mass as the conventional Aspiration Method. Further consideration regarding whether or not this device can harvest viable hematopoietic stem cells should be considered through experiments using laboratory animals.
Stress Corrosion Cracking and Anodic Behavior of AISI 304 Stainless Steel, Inconel 600, and Incoloy 800 Straining in Boiling NaOH Solutions (1978)

The straining electrode technique was used to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of AISI 304 stainless steel in 20N NaOH solution, and of Inconel 600 Alloy and Incoloy 800 Alloy in boiling 17.5N NaOH solution. The crack propagation rate estimated from the straining experiments correlated well with failure time measurements from previous constant load experiments. It was found that the straining electrode technique is a useful method for estimating, through short term experiments, parameters like crack propagation rate, crack morphology, and repassivation rate, as a function of the electrode potential.
Toward authenticated caller ID transmission: The need for a standardized authentication scheme in Q.731.3 calling line identification presentation (2016)

The rising prevalence of phone fraud is hurting consumers and businesses. With about a half million reports each year in the United States, phone fraud complaints have more than doubled since 2013. In the current calling line identification presentation scheme, the caller ID is trivially spoofed. Scammers are using spoofed caller IDs to trick their victims into answering unwanted calls and further a variety of scams. To provide a solution to this problem, this paper proposes an authentication scheme that provides the possibility of a security indicator for the current Q.731.3 calling line identification presentation supplementary service. The goal of this proposal is to help prevent users from falling victim to phone impersonation scams, as well as provide a foundation for future defenses to stop unwanted calls based on the caller ID information. This work will help to guide the future development of a standardized scheme in authenticating SS7 identities.
Multisensor data fusion algorithm development (1995)

This report presents a two-year LDRD research effort into multisensor data fusion. We approached the problem by addressing the available types of data, preprocessing that data, and developing fusion algorithms using that data. The report reflects these three distinct areas. First, the possible data sets for fusion are identified. Second, automated registration techniques for imagery data are analyzed. Third, two fusion techniques are presented. The first fusion algorithm is based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Using test images, the wavelet algorithm is compared against intensity modulation and intensity-hue-saturation image fusion algorithms that are available in commercial software. The wavelet approach outperforms the other two fusion techniques by preserving spectral/spatial information more precisely. The wavelet fusion algorithm was also applied to Landsat Thematic Mapper and SPOT panchromatic imagery data. The second algorithm is based on a linear-regression technique. We analyzed the technique using the same Landsat and SPOT data.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction with Umpolung of the Malonyl Radical. (1986)

Abstract The malonyl radical (III) can be generated from the halomalonates (Ia) or (Ib) in a radical chain reaction.
X<sup>13</sup>CMS: Global Tracking of Isotopic Labels in Untargeted Metabolomics (2014)

Studies of isotopically labeled compounds have been fundamental to understanding metabolic pathways and fluxes. They have traditionally, however, been used in conjunction with targeted analyses that identify and quantify a limited number of labeled downstream metabolites. Here we describe an alternative workflow that leverages recent advances in untargeted metabolomic technologies to track the fates of isotopically labeled metabolites in a global, unbiased manner. This untargeted approach can be applied to discover novel biochemical pathways and characterize changes in the fates of labeled metabolites as a function of altered biological conditions such as disease. To facilitate the data analysis, we introduce X(13)CMS, an extension of the widely used mass spectrometry-based metabolomic software package XCMS. X(13)CMS uses the XCMS platform to detect metabolite peaks and perform retention-time alignment in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) data. With the use of the XCMS output, the program then identifies isotopologue groups that correspond to isotopically labeled compounds. The retrieval of these groups is done without any a priori knowledge besides the following input parameters: (i) the mass difference between the unlabeled and labeled isotopes, (ii) the mass accuracy of the instrument used in the analysis, and (iii) the estimated retention-time reproducibility of the chromatographic method. Despite its name, X(13)CMS can be used to track any isotopic label. Additionally, it detects differential labeling patterns in biological samples collected from parallel control and experimental conditions. We validated the ability of X(13)CMS to accurately retrieve labeled metabolites from complex biological matrices both with targeted LC/MS/MS analysis of a subset of the hits identified by the program and with labeled standards spiked into cell extracts. We demonstrate the full functionality of X(13)CMS with an analysis of cultured rat astrocytes treated with uniformly labeled (U-)(13)C-glucose during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Our results show that out of 223 isotopologue groups enriched from U-(13)C-glucose, 95 have statistically significant differential labeling patterns in astrocytes challenged with LPS compared to unchallenged control cells. Only two of these groups overlap with the 32 differentially regulated peaks identified by XCMS, indicating that X(13)CMS uncovers different and complementary information from untargeted metabolomic studies. Like XCMS, X(13)CMS is implemented in R. It is available from our laboratory website at http://pattilab.wustl.edu/x13cms.php .
Wafer-Level Vacuum Packaging of Smart Sensors (2016)

The reach and impact of the Internet of Things will depend on the availability of low-cost, smart sensors-"low cost" for ubiquitous presence, and "smart" for connectivity and autonomy. By using wafer-level processes not only for the smart sensor fabrication and integration, but also for packaging, we can further greatly reduce the cost of sensor components and systems as well as further decrease their size and weight. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the wafer-level vacuum packaging technology of smart sensors. We describe the processes needed to create the wafer-scale vacuum microchambers, focusing on approaches that involve metal seals and that are compatible with the thermal budget of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits. We review choices of seal materials and structures that are available to a device designer, and present techniques used for the fabrication of metal seals on device and window wafers. We also analyze the deposition and activation of thin film getters needed to maintain vacuum in the ultra-small chambers, and the wafer-to-wafer bonding processes that form the hermetic seal. We discuss inherent trade-offs and challenges of each seal material set and the corresponding bonding processes. Finally, we identify areas for further research that could help broaden implementations of the wafer-level vacuum packaging technology.
Improving Case-Based Reasoning Systems by Combining K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm with Logistic Regression in the Prediction of Patients’ Registration on the Renal Transplant Waiting List (2013)

The results show that our suggested approach, where the K-NN algorithm relies on both weighted attributes and cases, can efficiently deal with non relevant attributes, whereas the four other approaches suffer from this kind of noisy setups. The robustness of this approach suggests interesting perspectives for medical problem solving tools using CBR methodology.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Sudden Death Resulting From Constitutive Activation of Protein Kinase A (2001)

beta-Adrenergic receptor (betaAR) signaling, which elevates intracellular cAMP and enhances cardiac contractility, is severely impaired in the failing heart. Protein kinase A (PKA) is activated by cAMP, but the long-term physiological effect of PKA activation on cardiac function is unclear. To investigate the consequences of chronic cardiac PKA activation in the absence of upstream events associated with betaAR signaling, we generated transgenic mice that expressed the catalytic subunit of PKA in the heart. These mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced cardiac contractility, arrhythmias, and susceptibility to sudden death. As seen in human heart failure, these abnormalities correlated with PKA-mediated hyperphosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor/Ca(2+)-release channel, which enhances Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and phospholamban, which regulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. These findings demonstrate a specific role for PKA in the pathogenesis of heart failure, independent of more proximal events in betaAR signaling, and support the notion that PKA activity is involved in the adverse effects of chronic betaAR signaling.
Intelligent Systems and Formal Methods in Software Engineering (2006)

Over the last few years, technologies for the formal description, construction, analysis, and validation of software - based mostly on logics and formal reasoning - have matured. We can expect them to complement and partly replace traditional software engineering methods in the future. Formal methods in software engineering are an increasingly important application area for intelligent systems. The field has outgrown the area of academic case studies, and industry is showing serious interest. We convincingly argue that we've reached the point where we can solve the problem of how to formally verify industrial-scale software. We propose program verification as a computer science Grand Challenge. Deductive software verification is a core technology of formal methods. We describe recent dramatic changes in the way it's perceived and used. Another important base technique of formal methods, besides software verification, is synthesizing software that's correct by construction because it's formally derived from its specification. We discuss recent developments and trends in this area. Surprisingly efficient decision procedures for the satisfiability modulo theories problem have recently emerged. We explain these techniques and why they're important for all formal-methods tools. We look at formal methods from an industry perspective. We explain the success of Microsoft Research's SLAM project, which has developed a verification tool for device drivers
Intrinsic Terahertz Plasmons and Magnetoplasmons in Large Scale Monolayer Graphene (2012)

We show that in graphene epitaxially grown on SiC the Drude absorption is transformed into a strong terahertz plasmonic peak due to natural nanoscale inhomogeneities, such as substrate terraces and wrinkles. The excitation of the plasmon modifies dramatically the magneto-optical response and in particular the Faraday rotation. This makes graphene a unique playground for plasmon-controlled magneto-optical phenomena thanks to a cyclotron mass 2 orders of magnitude smaller than in conventional plasmonic materials such as noble metals.
Amidoximation of the Acrylonitrile Polymer Grafted on Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene-<i>co</i>-hexafluoropropylene) Films and Its Relevance to the Electroless Plating of Copper (2002)

Argon plasma-pretreated poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were subjected to UV-induced surface graft copolymerization with acrylonitrile (AN). The AN graft-copolymerized FEP (AN-g-FEP) surface was further reacted with hydroxylamine to introduce amidoxime groups on the surface (the amidoximated AN-g-FEP surface). Electroless plating of copper could be carried out effectively on the AN-g-FEP and amidoximated AN-g-FEP surfaces after sensitization in SnCl2 solution and activation in PdCl2 solution. The plasma pretreatment time of the FEP substrate and the UV graft copolymerization time affected the graft concentration of the AN polymer on the FEP surface. The surface compositions and the degree of amidoximation (DA) of the surface-modified FEP films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The amidoximated FEP surface formed a complex with palladium ions and exhibited a strong ability to extract copper ions from the plating solution. The interaction of the AN-g-FEP and its amidoximated surfaces with evaporated copper atoms was investigated in situ by XPS. The T-peel adhesion strength of the electrolessly deposited copper with the amidoximated AN-g-FEP surface was enhanced to about 12 N/cm, from about 5 N/cm with the AN-g-FEP surface. The adhesion failure of the electrolessly deposited copper with the amidoximated AN-g-FEP film occurred cohesively inside the FEP substrate.
Tree Edit Distance as a Baseline Approach for Paraphrase Representation (2012)

"Finding an adequate paraphrase representation formalism is a challenging issue in Natural Language Processing. In this paper, we analyse the performance of Tree Edit Distance as a paraphrase representation baseline. Our experiments using Edit Distance Textual Entailment Suite show that, as Tree Edit Distance consists of a purely syntactic approach, paraphrase alternations not based on structural reorganizations do not find an adequate representation. They also show that there is much scope for better modelling of the way trees are aligned."
Structural and Functional Characterization of Escherichia coli UMP Kinase in Complex with Its Allosteric Regulator GTP (2008)

Bacterial UMP kinases are essential enzymes involved in the multistep synthesis of UTP. They are hexamers regulated by GTP (allosteric activator) and UTP (inhibitor). We describe here the 2.8 angstroms crystal structure of Escherichia coli UMP kinase bound to GTP. The GTP-binding site, situated at 15 angstroms from the UMP-binding site and at 24 angstroms from the ATP-binding site, is delineated by two contiguous dimers. The overall structure, as compared with those bound to UMP, UDP, or UTP, shows a rearrangement of its quaternary structure: GTP induces an 11 degrees opening of the UMP kinase dimer, resulting in a tighter dimer-dimer interaction. A nucleotide-free UMP kinase dimer has an intermediate opening. Superposition of our structure with that of archaeal UMP kinases, which are also hexamers, shows that a loop appears to hamper any GTP binding in archeal enzymes. This would explain the absence of activating effect of GTP on this group of UMP kinases. Among GTP-binding residues, the Asp-93 is the most conserved in bacterial UMP kinases. In the previously published structures of E. coli UMP kinase, this residue was shown to be involved in hydrogen bonds between the subunits of a dimer. Its substitution by an alanine decreases the cooperativity for UTP binding and suppresses the reversal by GTP of UTP inhibition. This demonstrates that the previously described mutual exclusion of these two nucleotides is mediated by Asp-93.
A software architecture for the deployment of executable transformation models (2009)

Emergency management involves collaboration among different operators (e.g. policemen, firemen, medics) on critical and dangerous situations (e.g. fires, floods). Real-time elaborations of a large amount of information and knowledge are needed to automate control and decision making processes. In this scenario raw data are captured and processed through a chain of activities (filtering, fusion, classification) generating abstract information that is selected, diffused and presented to interested users. These activities can be turned into the interpretation of executable transformation models, abstract representations of input-output transformations which can be coded on a calculator. Executable transformation models might not be static; but they may be dynamically generated by observing and processing incoming data. From the architectural point of view the dynamic model generation implies the existence of mechanisms for the dynamic deployment of the executable transformation models. In this paper we present a software architecture aimed at providing these mechanisms.
Intranasal delivery of stem cells to the brain (2011)

Intranasal delivery of stem cells is a new method with great potential for the transplantation of stem cells into the brain, and it may provide an extraordinary approach to overcoming the existing barriers of stem cell delivery for the treatment of many neurological disorders. This potential benefit emphasizes the importance of future research into intranasal delivery of stem cells.
Endovascular Recanalization Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2005)

Despite significant variability in patient characteristics and treatment methods among 2 sources of data analyzed, ERT in stroke patients not eligible for intravenous thrombolysis appears to be a relatively safe and effective treatment alternative that is being used increasingly nationwide.
Friction Forces in O-ring Sealing (2005)

In the present study the focus was on developing a relationship as practical and convenient
option for computing the friction force in O-ring sealing elements as used in the hydraulic and
pneumatic equipments. For low-pressure applications, the developed relationship was applied for a
different number of O-ring diameters, by investigating the obtained results, a good agreement has been
observed for some of the tested diameters through the comparison between the obtained results from the
developed relationship with those experimentally measured, which ensures the validity of the
relationship. Regarding the low-pressure applications, theoretical and experimental studies were carried
out in order to evaluate the effect of most important working parameters and conditions on the friction
behavior. A remarkable advantage of using the relationship that reveals the accuracy of the relationship
was detected through the comparison between the computed results with those obtained from the friction
characteristic curves. Because the developed relationship having more important and quantified working
parameters, it gives more accurate results, while in the characteristic tests curves the working parameters
cannot be quantified, because they overlap and then they act cumulatively. The experimental study was
performed and the obtained results are presented for two working cases, in which the friction force was
determined in absence of pressurized fluid as in the first case, while in the second case the friction force
was determined on basis of the presence of a pressurized fluid`s.