gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Language, Mind, and Culture: A Practical Introduction (2006)

This book shows that given the new findings of cognitive linguistics, it is possible to offer a unified account of not only linguistic meaning but also that of meaning in a wide variety of social and cultural phenomena. It is suggested that cognitive linguistics is a much more comprehensive enterprise than is commonly accepted-both inside and outside the field. The book presents a comprehensive account of meaning in many linguistic and cultural phenomena that is crucially based and dependent on cognitive capacities that human understanders and producers of language possess independently of their ability to use language.
Automatic Photo Enhancement Server (HIPIE 2) (2009)

HIPIE 2 is an internal code name for the HP Smartstream Photo Enhancement Server, – a robust, scalable, and automatic photo image enhancement application, designed for photo specialty work flows ful filled using Indigo presses. It is intended for 24/7 operation, without human intervention, and is part of HP Indigo's Smartstream work flow offering. The codename HIPIE stands for the original "HP Indigo Photo Image Enhancement" name, with HIPIE 2 being its second version. This paper describes the various modules of HIPIE 2, giving an overview of the technology inside the product, and its usage.
Ferulic Acid Enhances the Chemical and Biological Properties of Astragali Radix: A Stimulator for Danggui Buxue Tang, An Ancient Chinese Herbal Decoction (2014)

Danggui buxue tang, an ancient formula composed of astragali radix and Angelicae sinensis radix, has been used for treating menopausal irregularity in women for more than 800 years in China. In danggui buxue tang, the complete functions of astragali radix require the assistance of Angelicae sinensis radix, and both herbs have to work harmoniously in order to achieve the maximal therapeutic purposes. In order to analyze the relationship of the two herbs, the role of ferulic acid, a major chemical within Angelicae sinensis radix, in chemical and biological properties of astragali radix was determined. Using ferulic acid in the extraction of astragali radix, the amounts of astragaloside IV, calycosin, and formononetin were increased in the final extract; however, the astragali radix polysaccharide showed a minor increase. The chemical-enriched astragali radix extract showed robust induction in osteogenic and estrogenic activities in cultured osteosarcoma MG-63 and breast MCF-7 cells. However, ferulic acid itself did not show such biological responses. The current results strongly suggest that Angelicae sinensis radix-derived ferulic acid is a positive regulator for danggui buxue tang, which enhanced the solubilities of active ingredients derived from astragali radix, and which therefore increased the biological efficacies of danggui buxue tang.
Evaluation of minimally invasive indices for predicting ascites susceptibility in three successive hatches of broilers exposed to cool temperatures (1998)

Broilers from three consecutive hatches were exposed to cool temperatures to amplify the incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS, ascites). The largest apparently healthy individuals on Day 42 were evaluated using minimally invasive diagnostic indices [percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen, hematocrit (HCT), heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) Lead II, body weight), then they were subjected to the ongoing pressures of fast growth and cool temperatures to determine which of these indices are predictive of the subsequent onset of PHS. Approximately 20% of the males and females evaluated on Day 42 subsequently developed PHS by Day 51. When data for all hatches were pooled and broilers that subsequently developed ascites were compared with those that did not (nonascitic), body weights, heart rates, and percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen were lower on Day 42 for ascitic than for nonascitic males, and HCT was higher in ascitic males and females than in nonascitic males and females, respectively. Comparisons of the ECG Lead II wave amplitudes for all hatches pooled indicated that RS-wave amplitude was larger in ascitic than in nonascitic males, and that S-wave amplitude was more negative in ascitic males and females than in nonascitic males and females. Necropsies conducted on Day 51 revealed higher right:total ventricular weight ratios in ascitic than in nonascitic broilers, whereas normalizing the left ventricle plus septum weight for differences in body weight generated similar values for ascitic and nonascitic males and females, respectively. These results support a primary role for pulmonary hypertension but not cardiomyopathy in the pathogenesis of ascites triggered by cool temperatures. Values obtained for minimally invasive diagnostic indices on Day 42 also establish predictive thresholds that can be used to evaluate the PHS susceptibility of large and apparently healthy male and female broilers.
The essential oil of Massoi bark (1940)

Abstract It is shown that in various cases where oil of Massoi bark has been described in the literature, the description really refers to the oil of Lawang bark. Oil of Massoi bark does not contain eugenol, whereas oil of Lawang bark contains a considerable amount of eugenol. The oil of Massoi bark contains a lactone which has been investigated. On hydrogenation it takes up one molecule of hydrogen. Oxidation of the dihydrolactone with potassium bichromate and sulphuric acid leads to the formation of valeric, caproic, succinic and glutaric acids and a keto‐acid, δ‐keto‐caprinic acid. Oxidation of the dihydrolactone with potassium permanganate also gives rise to the formation of caproic acid and succinic acid. Caproic acid is also obtained by oxidising massoilactone with permanganate and by oxidising it with bichromate and sulphuric acid. In the latter case fumaric acid is also formed. From these degradation products massoilactone is regarded as 1‐pentylpentene‐oil‐3‐olide (1,5).
25-W Monolithic Spectrally Stabilized 975-nm Minibars for Dense Spectral Beam Combining (2015)

Low-fill-factor laser bars composed of five narrow-stripe broad-area lasers (30 μm × 6000 μm) with monolithic spectral stabilization are presented. Each laser on the bar emits at a unique wavelength from 970 to 980 nm with a channel spacing of 2.5 nm. Narrow spectral line width c1 nm per emitter is obtained by implementing 40th Bragg order distributed feedback surface gratings with varied grating periods. The design and fabrication of these laser bars is reviewed, with optimal grating etch depth determined using simulations that combine 2D-simulation of the reflectivity and optical losses of a 40th-order surface grating with coupled mode theory. The selected etch depth delivers a grating coupling coefficient of κL ~ 0.2, which is shown to be sufficient to suppress lasing in Fabry-Perot modes for narrow line operation across all wavelength channels. However, additional optical scattering losses of the gratings are found to limit output power and efficiency. The final realized minibars deliver 25-W continuous wave output power with a conversion efficiency >40% and operate with a beam parameter product of ~1.6 mm mrad per single emitter, twofold improved in comparison with typical 90-μm wide broad area laser. Such laser minibars are an attractive source for brilliant dense spectral beam combining.
Interworking and integration of the Inmarsat Standard-M with Pan-European GSM system (1993)

The market demand on mobile telephone communications has been increasing since the introduction of the cellular mobile telephone systems about twelve years ago. In Europe, projections indicate a demand of about 17 million subscribers for a fully deployed Pan European system. The Pan-European GSM system is to harmonize the growth of the terrestrial mobile system. Studies conducted by the European Space Agency (ESA) indicate that even with 60-70 percent of the area being covered by the GSM, a significant traffic demand (voice and data) will still exist for areas not covered by the terrestrial systems. This demand could be satisfied by a land mobile satellite system. The satellite system is therefore seen in a complementary role rather than in competition with the terrestrial system in an integrated telecommunications network. One possible scenario may be that initially the satellite system provides services to the rural areas together with areas still not covered by the GSM system. This service area is then gradually diminished as the terrestrial system expands until an optimum point is reached where the systems co-exist optimally. The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of integration of a space based system, in this case Inmarsat Standard-M, with the GSM (Global System for Mobile communications). One very important advantage of incorporating GSM services in Standard-M is that it will be feasible to extend the GSM services economically worldwide, not only to land mobiles but also to aeronautical and maritime mobiles.
Probiotic<i>Lactobacillus</i>-induced improvement in murine chronic inflammatory bowel disease is associated with the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lamina propria mononuclear cells (2005)

IL-6/STAT-3 signals play key roles in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is known that Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) improves inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of LcS on murine chronic IBD and to clarify the mechanism. We focused the inhibitory effect of LcS on the production of IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated large intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LI-LPMC) isolated from mice with chronic colitis and in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. We also determined in vivo the effect of LcS on murine chronic IBD models induced with dextran sodium sulphate and SAMP1/Yit mice. Finally, we examined the cellular determinants of LcS for the down-regulation of IL-6 secretion by LI-LPMC, RAW264.7 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). LcS, but not other strains of Lactobacillus, inhibited the production of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated LI-LPMC and RAW264.7 cells, down-regulating the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. The LcS-diet-improved murine chronic colitis is associated with the reduction of IL-6 synthesis by LI-LPMC. LcS also improved chronic ileitis in SAMP1/Yit mice. The release of IL-6 in vitro in LPS-stimulated LI-LPMC, RAW 264.7 cells and UC-PBMC was inhibited by a polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex (PSPG) derived from LcS. This probiotic-induced improvement in murine chronic inflammatory bowel disease is associated with the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IFN-gamma production in LPMC. Therefore, LcS may be a useful probiotic for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.
Aportaciones al estudio de la respuesta inmune en hemocitos de mytilus galloprovincialis lmk. (2002)

Las celulas responsables de la respuesta inmune innata en el mejillon marino Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. son los hemocitos. En la fraccion particulada de la hemolinfa de M. galloprovincialis se han identificado dos tipos diferentes de celulas. En primer lugar, unas pequenas redondeadas con un nucleo muy grande en relacion al tamano celular denominadas celulas RH y otras denominadas celulas SH con un citoplasma mucho mas expandido. Los hemocitos de M. galloprovinvialis se mantuvieron durante mas de 20 dias en medio Leibovitz L-15 suplementado con sales y antibioticos. La supervivencia de las celulas mantenidas en medio de cultivo con FCS inactivo fue similar a la obtenida utilizando como suplemento hemolinfa inactiva. Por citometria de flujo se determino que solo las celulas SH expresaban la cadena a del receptor de IL-2. Ademas la incubacion de los hemocitos con diferentes efectores como lipopolisacaridos, citoquinas, factores de crecimiento y corticotropinas inducen un aumento en la expresion de dicha subunidad en la membrana celular. Por otra parte, el efecto de diversos inductores se muestra variable a lo largo del ano, detectandose cambios en la expresion de la subunidad a del receptor de IL-2, en la expresion de la proteina quinasa C, asi como en la liberacion de catecolaminas (Dopamina, Adrenalina, Noradrenalina). Parece ser, por tanto que en hemocitos de M. galloprovincialis las citoquinas presentan las mismas caracteristicas de mamiferos: pleitropicidad y redundancia en el modo de accion.
Structural basis of protein kinase C activation by diacylglycerols and tumor promoters (1992)

Protein kinase C is a ubiquitous and important regulatory enzyme. The enzyme is physiologically activated in a temporary manner by (S)-diacylglycerols (DAGs), which are themselves generated by the phospholipase C mediated hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides. The (S)-DAGs specifically bind to the regulatory domain of PKC and cause the activation of the PKC toward substrate. Minor modifications in the DAG result in inactive molecules. On the other hand, the structurally diverse, polycyclic tumor promoters also specifically activate PKC by binding to the same effector site as do the DAGs. The object of this paper is to present a discrete structural model that accounts for the activation of PKC by both the tumor promoters and the DAGs. The unique model presented is based on experimentation rather than on computer-driven hypotheses which, experience has shown, generally produce incorrect structural models when applied to PKC. The model described here begins with a structural analysis of the tumor-promoting debromoaplysiatoxins (DATs). DAT is an ideal starting molecule, because it is conformationally rigid with a known relative and absolute configuration, and it is synthetically manipulable. The pharmacophore of DAT was experimentally determined, and this pharmacophore serves as a template for further analyses. This template is used to predict the active conformer of the acylic DAGs; this conformer is then used to reveal the pharmacophore of various families of tumor promoters. The overall model presented is consistent with published structure-activity studies on the tumor promoters and makes testable predictions that have proven to be correct thus far.
An approach to fault tolerance and error recovery in a parallel graph reduction machine: MaRS—a case study (1988)

This article deals with the issue of fault tolerance and error recovery in a parallel graph reduction computer such as the "MaRS" machine presently under development at CERT. This is a multiprocessor system with decentralized control and asynchronous, delayed communications between cooperating, tightly coupled processes. A solution for the problem of MaRS error recovery is derived, based on the machine's execution model (successive reductions performed on the program graph, i.e. evaluations on the functional expression to be computed) and on its architectural organization (a number of reduction units and memory units interconnected by a message switching network). Under the basic assumption that the errors generated by faults in Reduction and Communication Processors can be detected and confined so as to avoid system contamination, it is shown that a coherent and errorfree recovery state can be restored. Although specifically developed for the MaRS machine, this solution is in principle applicable to other machines using the graph reduction model.
Anisotropic velocity analysis<sup>1</sup> (1995)

Abstract Results from walkaway VSP and shale laboratory experiments show that shale anisotropy can be significantly anelliptic. Heterogeneity and anellipticity both lead to non‐hyperbolic moveout curves and the resulting ambiguity in velocity analysis is investigated for the case of a factorizable anisotropic medium with a linear dependence of velocity on depth. More information can be obtained if there are several reflectors. The method of Dellinger et al . for anisotropic velocity analysis in layered transversely isotropic media is examined and is shown to be restricted to media having relatively small anellipticity. A new scheme, based on an expansion of the inverse‐squared group velocity in spherical harmonics, is presented. This scheme can be used for larger anellipticity, and is applicable for horizontal layers having monoclinic symmetry with the symmetry plane parallel to the layers. The method is applied to invert the results of anisotropic ray tracing on a model Sand/shale sequence. For transversely isotropic media with small anisotropy, the scheme reduces to the method of Byun et al . and Byun and Corrigan. The expansion in spherical harmonics allows the P‐phase slowness surface of each layer to be determined in analytic form from the layer parameters obtained by inversion without the need to assume that the anisotropy is weak.
Effect of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Hair Growth in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2014)

Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) has been shown to block the action of 5-alpha reductase and to have antiandrogenic effects on rats. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of PSO for treatment of hair growth in male patients with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia (AGA). 76 male patients with AGA received 400 mg of PSO per day or a placebo for 24 weeks. Change over time in scalp hair growth was evaluated by four outcomes: assessment of standardized clinical photographs by a blinded investigator; patient self-assessment scores; scalp hair thickness; and scalp hair counts. Reports of adverse events were collected throughout the study. After 24 weeks of treatment, self-rated improvement score and self-rated satisfaction scores in the PSO-treated group were higher than in the placebo group (P = 0.013, 0.003). The PSO-treated group had more hair after treatment than at baseline, compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001). Mean hair count increases of 40% were observed in PSO-treated men at 24 weeks, whereas increases of 10% were observed in placebo-treated men (P < 0.001). Adverse effects were not different in the two groups.
Towards snake-like soft robots: Design of fluidic fiber-reinforced elastomeric helical manipulators (2013)

Tendril helical motions and snake robots have a multitude of potential applications from climbing to anchoring to complex manipulation in fields such as medical, gas/oil energy, and manufacturing. Constructing a snake robot from a fluid driven, fiber reinforced elastomeric enclosure (FREE), complex helical motions are created in a lightweight, low cost, simple structure. The snake-like manipulators are created by forming a hollow cylindrical elastomer that is reinforced with two families of fibers and one additional fiber. The manipulator is then driven by changing the volume of fluid contained within, thus forming the desired helical patterns. The design of this continuum structure is analyzed for all possible fiber angles and the FREE radius. The parameters of the resulting helix including pitch and radius are determined analytically, without the need for finite element methods. Three prototypes at different points in the design space are fabricated and tested to verify the analytical model.
Computational Insight into Catalytic Control of Poly(ethylene−methyl acrylate) Topology (2006)

Drent et al. have recently reported on a neutral Pd(II)-based complex with a bidentate sulfonate ligand that is able to copolymerize ethylene (E) and methacrylate (MA) into linear EMA polymers. We report here on a theoretical study that examines the Drent system and compares it to the cationic Brookhart catalyst, which affords branched EMA polymers with MA units at the end of the branches.
Optical Properties of Human Prostate at 732 nm Measured In Vivo During Motexafin Lutetium–mediated Photodynamic Therapy¶ (2005)

Characterization of the tissue light penetration in prostate photodynamic therapy (PDT) is important to plan the arrangement and weighting of light sources so that sufficient light fluence is delivered to the treatment volume. The optical properties (absorption [μa], transport scattering [μs′] and effective attenuation [μeff] coefficients) of 13 patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer were measured in situ using interstitial isotropic detectors. Measurements were made at 732 nm before and after motexafin lutetium (MLu)–mediated PDT in four quadrants. Optical properties were derived by applying the diffusion theory to the fluence rates measured at several distances (0.5–5 cm) from a point source. μa and μs′ varied between 0.07 and 1.62 cm−1 (mean 0.37 ± 0.24 cm−1) and 1.1 and 44 cm−1 (mean 14 ± 11 cm−1), respectively. μa was proportional to the concentration of MLu measured by an ex vivo fluorescence assay. We have observed, on average, a reduction of the MLu concentration after PDT, presumably due to the PDT consumption of MLu. μeff varied between 0.91 and 6.7 cm−1 (mean 2.9 ± 0.7 cm−1), corresponding to an optical penetration depth (δ = 1/μeff) of 0.1–1.1 cm (mean 0.4 ± 0.1 cm). The mean penetration depth at 732 nm in human prostate is at least two times smaller than that found in normal canine prostates, which can be explained by a four times increase of the mean value of μs′ in human prostates. The mean light fluence rate per unit source strength at 0.5 cm from a point source was 1.5 ± 1.1 cm−2, excluding situations when bleeding occurs. The total number of measurements was N = 121 for all mean quantities listed above. This study showed significant inter- and intraprostatic differences in the optical properties, suggesting that a real-time dosimetry measurement and feedback system for monitoring light fluences during treatment should be considered for future PDT studies.
Unifying execution of imperative and declarative code (2011)

We present a unified environment for running declarative specifications in the context of an imperative object-Oriented programming language. Specifications are Alloy-like, written in first-order relational logic with transitive closure, and the imperative language is Java. By being able to mix imperative code with executable declarative specifications, the user can easily express constraint problems in place, i.e., in terms of the existing data structures and objects on the heap. After a solution is found, the heap is updated to reflect the solution, so the user can continue to manipulate the program heap in the usual imperative way. We show that this approach is not only convenient, but, for certain problems can also outperform a standard imperative implementation. We also present an optimization technique that allowed us to run our tool on heaps with almost 2000 objects.
Mammalian Locomotor-Respiratory Integration: Implications for Diaphragmatic and Pulmonary Design (1993)

Diaphragmatic function and intrapulmonary respiratory flow in running mammals were found to differ substantially from the corresponding conditions known in resting mammals. In trotting dogs, orbital oscillations of the diaphragm were driven by inertial displacements of the viscera induced by locomotion. In turn, oscillations of the visceral mass drove pulmonary ventilation independent of diaphragmatic contractions, which primarily served to modulate visceral kinetics. Visceral displacements and loading of the anterior chest wall by the forelimbs are among the factors that contribute to an asynchronous ventilation of the lungs and interlobar gas recycling. Basic features of mammalian respiratory design, including the structure of the diaphragm and lobation of the lungs, appear to reflect the mechanical requirements of locomotor-respiratory integration.