gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T102C polymorphism in the 5HT2A gene and schizophrenia: relation to phenotype and drug response variability. (1999)

Although genes play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia, no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for schizophrenia. Recently, the 5HT2A 2 allele (T102C polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in patients with schizophrenia. Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in schizophrenic patients who are resistant to clozapine, not in those who respond to clozapine. In this study, the 5HT2A receptor allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for mental disorders was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in patients with schizophrenia with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in men (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in women. In addition, the age at first contact with psychiatric care was significantly younger in the patients with schizophrenia with genotype 2/2 than in patients with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the 5HT2A-receptor gene may play a role in a subset of schizophrenia characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.
High performance liquid chromatography of tamoxifen and metabolites in plasma and tissues (1993)

An isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tamoxifen and its metabolites in plasma and tissues is described. Plasma or tissue homogenate was extracted with methanol/dimethyl sulphoxide (4:1 v/v). The supernatant after centrifugation was separated on a BDS-Hypersil column with methanol/0.5 M ammonium acetate (75:25 v/v) as the mobile phase. The recoveries of tamoxifen added to plasma and liver tissue homogenate by the extraction procedure were 102 +/- 1.6 and 98 +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SD, n = 6), respectively. The solutes were detected at 280 nm with a detection limit of 0.25 micrograms/mL for tamoxifen.
Water Oxidation on Pure and Doped Hematite (0001) Surfaces: Prediction of Co and Ni as Effective Dopants for Electrocatalysis (2012)

In photoelectrochemical cells, sunlight may be converted into chemical energy by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. Hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) is a promising photoanode material for the water oxidation component of this process. Numerous research groups have attempted to improve hematite's photocatalytic efficiency despite a lack of foundational knowledge regarding its surface reaction kinetics. To elucidate detailed reaction mechanisms and energetics, we performed periodic density functional theory + U calculations for the water oxidation reaction on the fully hydroxylated hematite (0001) surface. We investigate two different concentrations of surface reactive sites. Our best model involves calculating water oxidation mechanisms on a pure (1×1) hydroxylated hematite slab (corresponding to 1/3 ML of reactive sites) with an additional overlayer of water molecules to model solvation effects. This yields an overpotential of 0.77 V, a value only slightly above the 0.5-0.6 V experimental range. To explore whether doped hematite can exhibit an even lower overpotential, we consider cation doping by substitution of Fe by Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, or Si and F anion doping by replacing O on the fully hydroxylated surface. The reaction energetics on pure or doped hematite surfaces are described using a volcano plot. The relative stabilities of holes on the active O anions are identified as the underlying cause for trends in energetics predicted for different dopants. We show that moderately charged O anions give rise to smaller overpotentials. Co- or Ni-doped hematite surfaces give the most thermodynamically favored reaction pathway (lowest minimum overpotential) among all dopants considered. Very recent measurements (Electrochim. Acta 2012, 59, 121-127) reported improved reactivity with Ni doping, further validating our predictions.
Comparison of Ketamine-Induced Thought Disorder in Healthy Volunteers and Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia (1999)

These data suggest that ketamine-induced thought disorder in healthy volunteers is not dissimilar to the thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia and provide support for the involvement of the NMDA receptor in a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia.
Electrically driven spin qubit based on valley mixing (2017)

The electrical control of single spin qubits based on semiconductor quantum dots is of great interest for scalable quantum computing since electric fields provide an alternative mechanism for qubit control compared with magnetic fields and can also be easier to produce. Here we outline the mechanism for a drastic enhancement in the electrically-driven spin rotation frequency for silicon quantum dot qubits in the presence of a step at a heterointerface. The enhancement is due to the strong coupling between the ground and excited states which occurs when the electron wave function overcomes the potential barrier induced by the interface step. We theoretically calculate single qubit gate times <i>t<sub>π</sub></i> of 170 ns for a quantum dot confined at a silicon/silicon-dioxide interface. The engineering of such steps could be used to achieve fast electrical rotation and entanglement of spin qubits despite the weak spin-orbit coupling in silicon.
Comparison of Ca2+ mobilizing activities of cyclic ADP-ribose and inositol trisphosphate. (1990)

We have previously shown that a metabolite of NAD+ generated by an enzyme present in sea urchin eggs and mammalian tissues can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ in the eggs. Structural determination established it to be a cyclized ADP-ribose, and the name cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) has been proposed. In this study, Ca2+ mobilizations induced by cADPR and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) in sea urchin egg homogenates were monitored with Ca2+ indicators and Ca2(+)-specific electrodes. Both methods showed that cADPR can release Ca2+ from egg homogenates. Evidence indicated that it did not act as a nonspecific Ca2(+)-ionophore or as a blocker of the microsomal Ca2(+)-transport; instead, it was likely to be operating through a specific receptor system. This was supported by its half-maximal effective concentration of 18 nM, which was 7 times lower than that of IP3. The receptor for cADPR appeared to be different from that of IP3 because heparin, an inhibitor of IP3 binding, had no effect on the cADPR action. The Ca2+ releases induced by cADPR and IP3 were not additive and had an inverse relationship, indicating overlapping stores were mobilized. Microinjection of cADPR into intact eggs induced transient intracellular Ca2+ changes and activated the cortical reaction. The in vivo effectiveness of cADPR was directly comparable with IP3 and neither required external Ca2+. In addition, both were effective in activating the eggs to undergo multiple nuclear cycles and DNA synthesis. These results suggest that cADPR could function as a second messenger in sea urchin eggs.
Near Wellbore Cleanup in Openhole Horizontal Sand Control Completions: Laboratory Experiments (2000)

Abstract Wellbore cleanup in horizontal, openhole sand control completions has been the subject of many publications in recent years. Although a large majority of horizontal wells have been standalone screen completions, an increasing number of these wells are being gravel-packed, particularly in deep water, sub sea environment where reliability of the sandface completion is of utmost importance due to prohibitively high cost of intervention. In such wells, increased significance of "doing it right the first time" further necessitates an emphasized consideration of wellbore displacement and filter cake removal treatments. Although a substantial amount of laboratory data on filter cake cleanup are available in the literature, a great majority of these data are relevant to non-gravel-pack completions. In field practice to date, cake cleanup in GP completions has almost exclusively been done after gravel packing and typically involved coiled tubing. Although several new methods have recently been proposed and successfully practiced in several applications (e.g., inclusion of cake-breaking chemicals into gravel-pack carrier fluids, post-GP breaker treatments immediately after GP w/o requiring coiled tubing), laboratory data directly applicable to such conditions have been scarce. In this paper, we present laboratory data relevant to gravel-packed completions. We show that the cake removal time scales in the presence of a gravel-pack are longer compared to absence of a gravel-pack on top of the filter cake. The degree of delay is shown to depend primarily on carrier fluid viscosity and whether the breakers are included in the carrier fluid or introduced as a post-GP treatment. It is further shown that including breakers in brine during water packing must be exercised with extreme caution since even slow-reacting breakers can yield premature screenout due to increased losses should external cake erosion occur.
The <i>Arabidopsis HSP18.2 promoter/GUS</i> gene fusion in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants: a powerful tool for the isolation of regulatory mutants of the heat‐shock response (1992)

A detailed study of the expression of the promoter of the HSP18.2 gene from Arabidopsis fused to the bacterial gene for β‐glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants is described. High levels of GUS activity were induced in all organs of transformants except for seeds during heat shock. The optimum temperature for expression of GUS in Arabidopsis was 35°C regardless of the plant growth temperature. Heat shock of 40°C did not induce any detectable levels of GUS activity. Pre‐incubation at 35°C was found to have a protective effect on the induction of GUS activity at 40°C. GUS activity was also increased in response to a gradual increase in temperature. Histochemical analysis revealed that basal levels of GUS activity were induced in the vascular tissue of leaves and sepals, as well as at the tips of carpels, at the normal growth temperature. Heat treatment of a limited part of the plant tissue did not appear to cause systemic induction of GUS activity. To extend the analysis of the plant heat‐shock response, we attempted to screen mutations in genes involved in the regulation of the induction of heat‐shock protein ( HSP ) genes, using the GUS gene as a selection marker in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and the results of this analysis are described.
An empirical study of the effect of source-level loop transformations on compiler stability (2018)

Modern compiler optimization is a complex process that offers no guarantees to deliver the fastest, most efficient target code. For this reason, compilers struggle to produce a stable performance from versions of code that carry out the same computation and only differ in the order of operations. This instability makes compilers much less effective program optimization tools and often forces programmers to carry out a brute force search when tuning for performance. In this paper, we analyze the stability of the compilation process and the performance headroom of three widely used general purpose compilers: GCC, ICC, and Clang. For the study, we extracted over 1,000 <pre>for</pre> loop nests from well-known benchmarks, libraries, and real applications; then, we applied sequences of source-level loop transformations to these loop nests to create numerous semantically equivalent mutations ; finally, we analyzed the impact of transformations on code quality in terms of locality, dynamic instruction count, and vectorization. Our results show that, by applying source-to-source transformations and searching for the best vectorization setting, the percentage of loops sped up by at least 1.15x is 46.7% for GCC, 35.7% for ICC, and 46.5% for Clang, and on average the potential for performance improvement is estimated to be at least 23.7% for GCC, 18.1% for ICC, and 26.4% for Clang. Our stability analysis shows that, under our experimental setup, the average coefficient of variation of the execution time across all mutations is 18.2% for GCC, 19.5% for ICC, and 16.9% for Clang, and the highest coefficient of variation for a single loop nest reaches 118.9% for GCC, 124.3% for ICC, and 110.5% for Clang. We conclude that the evaluated compilers need further improvements to claim they have stable behavior.
Materials for cell encapsulation via a new tandem approach combining reverse thermal gelation and covalent crosslinking (2002)

The contemporary occurrence of a thermal gelation (by the occurrence of a lower critical solubility temperature, LCST) and of a chemical curing has allowed to use biocompatible polyethers (PEG, Pluronic) for mimicking sodium alginate gelation and perspectively substituting it for encapsulation purposes. The final materials were easily formed in cell culture media and perfectly passed a preliminary biocompatibility assessment. Additionally, they showed a stimuli responsive behavior, e.g. in the modulation of their swelling degree with temperature (preserving the LCST character of the precursors) and solvent composition. Gel bead obtained via tandem gelation of Pluronic derivatives, for the perspective substitution of calcium alignate.
Parallel microfluidic chemosensitivity testing on individual slice cultures (2014)

There is a critical unmet need to tailor chemotherapies to individual patients. Personalized approaches could lower treatment toxicity, improve the patient's quality of life, and ultimately reduce mortality. However, existing models of drug activity (based on tumor cells in culture or animal models) cannot accurately predict how drugs act in patients in time to inform the best possible treatment. Here we demonstrate a microfluidic device that integrates live slice cultures with an intuitive multiwell platform that allows for exposing the slices to multiple compounds at once or in sequence. We demonstrate the response of live mouse brain slices to a range of drug doses in parallel. Drug response is measured by imaging of markers for cell apoptosis and for cell death. The platform has the potential to allow for identifying the subset of therapies of greatest potential value to individual patients, on a timescale rapid enough to guide therapeutic decision-making.
Confinement of MgH<sub>2</sub>Nanoclusters within Nanoporous Aerogel Scaffold Materials (2009)

Nanoparticles of magnesium hydride were embedded in nanoporous carbon aerogel scaffold materials in order to explore the kinetic properties of hydrogen uptake and release. A new modified procedure for the synthesis of magnesium hydride nanoparticles is presented. The procedure makes use of monoliths (approximately 0.4 cm(3)) of two distinct types of nanoporous resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon aerogels loaded with dibutylmagnesium, MgBu(2). Excess MgBu(2) was removed mechanically, and the increase in mass was used as a measure of the amount of embedded MgH(2). Energy-dispersive spectrometry revealed that MgH(2) was uniformly distributed within the aerogel material. In situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction showed that MgBu(2) transformed directly to MgH(2) at T approximately 137 degrees C and p(H(2)) = 50 bar. Two distinct aerogel samples, denoted X1 and X2, with pore volumes of 1.27 and 0.65 mL/g and average pore sizes of 22 and 7 nm, respectively, were selected. In these samples, the uptake of magnesium hydride was found to be proportional to the pore volume, and aerogels X1 and X2 incorporated 18.2 and 10.0 wt % of MgH(2), respectively. For the two samples, the volumetric MgH(2) uptake was similar, approximately 12 vol %. The hydrogen storage properties of nanoconfined MgH(2) were studied by Sieverts' measurements and thermal desorption spectroscopy, which clearly demonstrated that the dehydrogenation kinetics of the confined hydride depends on the pore size distribution of the scaffold material; that is, smaller pores mediated faster desorption rates possibly due to a size reduction of the confined magnesium hydride.
New polychlorinated amino acid derivatives from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew polychlorinated amino acid derivatives from the marine sponge Dysidea herbaceaMia D. Unson, Charles B. Rose, D. John Faulkner, Linda S. Brinen, Jorge Rios Steiner, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 23, 6336–6343Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00075a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00075a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
P2Y2 receptor mRNA and protein expression is altered in inner medullas of hydrated and dehydrated rats: relevance to AVP-independent regulation of IMCD function (2005)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), acting through a cAMP second messenger system, regulates osmotic water permeability (Pf) of the collecting duct. In the collecting duct, the activities of cAMP and phosphonositides (PI) are mutually inhibitory. The P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2-R) is a G protein-coupled extracellular nucleotide receptor associated with PI signaling pathway. Previously, we showed that P2Y2-R is expressed in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) of rat, and its agonist (ATP/UTP) activation decreased AVP-induced Pf and resulted in enhanced production of prostaglandin E2. Hydrated and dehydrated states are associated with alterations in the circulating levels of AVP, expression and/or subcellular distribution of AVP-regulated aquaporin-2 water channel in IMCD and thus Pf of IMCD. We hypothesized that altered expression and/or signaling via P2Y2-R may also modulate IMCD function in these conditions. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to dehydration by water deprivation (48 h) or hydration (48 or 96 h) by providing sucrose water. Hydration or dehydration resulted in marked alterations in mRNA expression (Northern blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR) and protein abundance (Western blot analysis) of P2Y2-R, with hydrated rats showing significantly higher levels compared with dehydrated rats. Sequential hydration and dehydration experiments also revealed that the regulated expression profiles of P2Y2-R mRNA and protein are discordant. Conversely, the expression of V2-R mRNA remained unaltered during hydration and dehydration. Because virtually all renal cells release ATP in a regulated fashion, the observed alterations in P2Y2-R expression in the inner medulla in hydrated and dehydrated states may constitute a novel mechanism of purinergic modulation of IMCD function.
Cationic intermediates in oxidative addition reactions of alkyl halides to d8 complexes: evidence for the SN2 mechanism (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic intermediates in oxidative addition reactions of alkyl halides to d8 complexes: evidence for the SN2 mechanismMargarita Crespo and Richard J. PuddephattCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 12, 2548–2550Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00155a015https://doi.org/10.1021/om00155a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peripherally Administrated Morphine Attenuates Capsaicin-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Humans (1997)

We examined the hypothesis that peripheral morphine can modulate pain and hyperalgesia/allodynia in the human capsaicin model.Subcutaneous injections of 1 mL morphine (1 mg/mL) in one arm and of 1 mL 0.9% saline in the other arm were made prior to bilateral intradermal injections of 50 micro L (6 mg/mL) capsaicin. All injections were made on the volar aspect of the arm. Before and after the capsaicin injections, spontaneous pain and pain evoked by repetitive von Frey filament stimulation was rated on a numerical rating scale; furthermore, pressure pain thresholds were determined. The area in which von Frey filament stimulation evoked pain and the area of visible flare were mapped after the capsaicin injection. Capsaicin injections resulted in spontaneous pain on the saline-injected side not significantly different from that on the morphine-injected side. However, capsaicin injections gave rise to significantly less pain evoked by mechanical stimuli, as well as to a significantly smaller area of mechanical hypersensitivity, on the morphine-injected side compared with the saline-injected side. These results suggest that morphine can modulate sensitization mechanisms involved in the development of capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:595-9)
Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, and chymotrypsin by elasnin and other 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones (1985)

Elasnin and 15 related 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones have been assayed for in vitro inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, and bovine chymotrypsin. Inhibition constants for HL elastase range from 0.1 to 10 mM. The principal determinant of potency against the elastases is probably the substituent at position 3, which may account for the observed strong homology between the elastases in their inhibition by these compounds. Acetylation of the 4-hydroxy group has no effect on inhibition. The inhibition is noncovalent; there is no evidence of enzyme acylation by these pyrones.