gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Soft, Controllable, High Force Density Linear Brake Utilizing Layer Jamming (2017)

While much work has focused on the design of actuators for inputting energy into robotic systems, less work has been dedicated to devices that remove energy in a controlled manner, especially in the field of soft robotics. Such devices have the potential to significantly modulate the dynamics of a system with very low required input power. In this letter, we leverage the concept of layer jamming, previously used for variable stiffness devices, to create a controllable, high force density, soft layer jamming brake (SLJB). We introduce the design, modeling, and performance analysis of the SLJB and demonstrate variable tensile resisting forces through the regulation of vacuum pressure. Further, we measure and model the tensile force with respect to different layer materials, vacuum pressures, and lengthening velocities, and show its ability to absorb energy during collisions. We hope to apply the SLJB in a number of applications in wearable technology.
Impact of organizational structure on distributed requirements engineering processes (2006)

The requirements engineering program at Siemens Corporate Research has been involved with process improvement, training and project execution across many of the Siemens operating companies. We have been able to observe and assist with process improvement in mainly global software development efforts. Other researchers have reported extensively on various aspects of distributed requirements engineering, but issues specific to organizational structure have not been well categorized. Our experience has been that organizational and other management issues can overshadow technical problems caused by globalization. This paper describes some of the different organizational structures we have encountered, the problems introduced into requirements engineering processes by these structures, and techniques that were effective in mitigating some of the negative effects of global software development.
Refrigerating Oils for Alternative Refrigerants (1990)

Performance Evaluation of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants in Domestic Refrigerators: Drop-in Replacement of Rl2 D.S. Jung 'and R. Radermacher Depanment of Mechanicil.l Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 Compurer simularion of domesric refrigerators charged wirh pure and mued refrigeranrs is perj'om1ed in an arrempr ro screen our rhe besr subsrirures for R12. No system modijicarion was considered in purswr of drop-in replacement. In simulating a sready-state rherma! system, both successive subsriturion and Newton-Raphson methods are employed independenrly and yielded the same resu!rs withour arry signijicanr difference in their performance. An extensive screening was carried our for 15 pure and 21 mixed refrigerants. Resulrs indicate that no single pure fluids may be a drop-in replacement for Rl2 due ro rhe mismatch of volumetric capaciry even ijafewjluids such as R22, RJ52a, Rl42b, RI4Jb have a comparable COP to RJ2. Only R22!Rl42b and R32/Rl42b mixtures yielded an increase in COP up ro 3% with rhe same capacity as that of RJ2. In rhe short run, these mixtures may be subsrituted for Rl2 solving rhe ozone layer depletion problem without significant enl1ancemenr in energy efficiency. To reduce rhe greenhouse effect as well, however, a major system modification might be necessary to increase energy efficiency.
Kinase inhibitors arrest neurodegeneration in cell and C. elegans models of LRRK2 toxicity (2012)

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most frequent known cause of late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). To explore the therapeutic potential of small molecules targeting the LRRK2 kinase domain, we characterized two LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, TTT-3002 and LRRK2-IN1, for their effects against LRRK2 activity in vitro and in Caenorhabditis elegans models of LRRK2-linked neurodegeneration. TTT-3002 and LRRK2-IN1 potently inhibited in vitro kinase activity of LRRK2 wild-type and mutant proteins, attenuated phosphorylation of cellular LRRK2 and rescued neurotoxicity of mutant LRRK2 in transfected cells. To establish whether LRRK2 kinase inhibitors can mitigate pathogenesis caused by different mutations including G2019S and R1441C located within and outside of the LRRK2 kinase domain, respectively, we evaluated effects of TTT-3002 and LRRK2-IN1 against R1441C- and G2019S-induced neurodegeneration in C. elegans models. TTT-3002 and LRRK2-IN1 rescued the behavioral deficit characteristic of dopaminergic impairment in transgenic C. elegans expressing human R1441C- and G2019S-LRRK2. The inhibitors displayed nanomolar to low micromolar rescue potency when administered either pre-symptomatically or post-symptomatically, indicating both prevention and reversal of the dopaminergic deficit. The same treatments also led to long-lasting prevention and rescue of neurodegeneration. In contrast, TTT-3002 and LRRK2-IN1 were ineffective against the neurodegenerative phenotype in transgenic worms carrying the inhibitor-resistant A2016T mutation of LRRK2, suggesting that they elicit neuroprotective effects in vivo by targeting LRRK2 specifically. Our findings indicate that the LRRK2 kinase activity is critical for neurodegeneration caused by R1441C and G2019S mutations, suggesting that kinase inhibition of LRRK2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for PD.
Folds and activities of peptidoglycan amidases (2007)

Bacterial peptidoglycan amidases are a large and diverse group of enzymes. During the last few years, genomic sequence information has accumulated to an extent such that lists of proven or predicted peptidoglycan amidases can now be expected to be fairly complete. Moreover, representative crystal structures for most groups of phylogenetically related peptidoglycan amidases have been solved. Here, sequence and structural information is combined with published biochemical findings to demonstrate that (a) peptidoglycan amidases have evolved for almost every bond that occurs in peptidoglycan, (b) there are enzymes that share the fold, yet cleave different bonds and (c) there are enzymes that have entirely different folds and must have evolved independently, and yet cleave the same peptide bond. It is shown that despite these complications, some rules can be deduced from the available biochemical and structural information that can be useful to predict the specificity of hypothetical peptidoglycan hydrolases, for which only sequence information is available.
Energy harvesting in silicon optical modulators (2006)

An electro-optic silicon modulator with negative electrical power dissipation is proposed. The device performs optical modulation through electrical control of losses caused by two photon absorption. It further exploits the nonlinear photovoltaic effect to recover the optical power that is normally dissipated when the modulator is in the on state.
A focusing collimator for research in scanning. (1962)

A description is given of the latest directional gamma detector developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Gamma rays are detected by a 3-inch diameter by 2-inch thick NaI(Tl) crystal integrally mounted on a 3-inch phototube. The crystal is housed in a massive tungsten alloy shield, two inches thick at the sides and 3 inches thick at the front. The focusing element is a conical gold insert with 37 tapered hexagonal holes focused on a point 3 inches from its front face. Because of the use of tungsten and gold, the assembly is more expensive than lead collimating shields. However, it is believed that the increased expense may be justified by the unremarkably improved performance. In particular, the improved shielding of the new detector appears to have alleviated some of the problems in outlining the liver. (P.C.H.)
The B7 Homolog Butyrophilin BTN2A1 Is a Novel Ligand for DC-SIGN (2007)

The MHC-encoded butyrophilin, BTN2A1, is a cell surface glycoprotein related to the extended family of B7 costimulatory molecules. BTN2A1 mRNA was expressed in most human tissues, but protein expression was significantly lower in leukocytes. An Ig-fusion protein of BTN2A1 bound to immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Binding diminished upon MoDC maturation and no binding was detected to Langerhans cells. Induction of the counterreceptor was IL-4 dependent and occurred early during dendritic cell differentiation. The interaction required the presence of Ca2+ and was mediated by high-mannose oligosaccharides. These properties matched DC-SIGN, a DC-specific HIV-1 entry receptor. This was confirmed by binding of soluble BTN2A1 to DC-SIGN-transfectants and its inhibition by a specific Ab. DC-SIGN bound to native BTN2A1 expressed on a range of tissues. However, BTN2A1 was not recognized on some normal cells such as HUVECs despite a similar expression level. The BTN2A1 of tumor cells such as HEK293T have more high-mannose moieties in comparison to HUVECs, and those high-mannose moieties are instrumental for binding to DC-SIGN. The data are consistent with tumor- or tissue-specific glycosylation of BTN2A1 governing recognition by DC-SIGN on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
XXXII. On the numerical solution of linear simultaneous equations by an iterative method (1941)

(1941). XXXII. On the numerical solution of linear simultaneous equations by an iterative method. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 32, No. 214, pp. 369-383.
Detection of combinative infrared absorption bands in thin silicon dioxide films (1997)

Multiple total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to detect combinational phonon bands of SiO2 at 1645, 1852, and 2000 cm−1 in thin films produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The isotopic shifts of these bands in films deposited from SiH4/18O2 mixtures proved that combinations of SiO2 phonons give rise to the additional absorption peaks. Detection of these combinative phonon bands enables one to use Si multiple total internal reflection crystals for studying Si–O phonon absorptions in SiO2 films on Si. In principle, films as thin as a few angstroms can be detected using the infrared absorption by the combinational bands.
Computational Studies of Ligand-Receptor Interactions in Bitter Taste Receptors (2006)

Phenylthiocarbamide tastes intensely bitter to some individuals, but others find it completely tasteless. Recently, it was suggested that phenylthiocarbamide elicits bitter taste by interacting with a human G protein-coupled receptor (hTAS2R38) encoded by the PTC gene. The phenylthiocarbamide nontaster trait was linked to three single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring in the PTC gene. Using the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin as template, we generated the 3D structure of hTAS2R38 bitter taste receptor. We were able to map on the receptor structure the amino acids affected by the genetic polymorphisms and to propose molecular functions for two of them that explained the emergence of the nontaster trait. We used molecular docking simulations to find that phenylthiocarbamide exhibited a higher affinity for the target receptor than the structurally similar molecule 6-n-propylthiouracil, in line with recent experimental studies. A 3D model was constructed for the hTAS2R16 bitter taste receptor as well, by applying the same protocol. We found that the recently published experimental ligand binding affinity data for this receptor correlated well with the binding scores obtained from our molecular docking calculations.
Forced oscillation technique: from theory to clinical applications. (2001)

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) allows the noninvasive assessment of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. Given that the technique does not require patient cooperation, it is suitable for the routine evaluation of respiratory function in a variety of clinical applications. In this paper, the rationale and the most conventional equipment and data processing of the technique are described. A number of clinical applications of FOT are briefly reviewed. One common use of the technique is to assess respiratory function in patients with different pathologies and in epidemiology. One of the most referenced applications of FOT is in tests of airway responsiveness to inhaled agents (bronchoprovocation and bronchodilatation). Finally, two recent promising applications of FOT are described: monitoring respiratory resistance during invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and detection of upper airway obstruction during sleep.
The Molecular Genetics of Pathological Gambling (1998)

Abstract As gambling becomes available to more and more individuals in this country, the problem of compulsive or pathological gambling (PG) will also increase. As with other forms of addiction, both environmental and genetic factors are involved in PG. Identification of the genes that play a role in increasing a person's risk for PG will lead to a better understanding of the disorder and to more rational and effective treatment. Although studies of the molecular genetics of PG are just beginning, a number of interesting observations have been made and are reviewed in this article. As with other addictive behaviors, abnormalities in dopaminergic reward pathways a likely to be involved. Consistent with this, we have observed a significant association between PG and the D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , and D 4 dopamine receptor genes. The fact that each these genes has an effect is consistent with a polygenic inheritance of a susceptibility to PG The involvement of multiple dopamine genes consistent with the “reward deficiency syndrome,” which suggests that addictive impulsive disorders are due, at least in part, to genetic abnormalities of the dopamine reward pathways. On the basis of this hypothesis, we describe other genes also likely to play a role in a person's susceptibility to PG.
September 2006 version (2006)

Background: Referrals of junior and secondary age children with language and communication impairments attending mainstream schools; \nEvidence that early language and communication problems may not resolve; \nLack of secondary school SLT provision in UK; \nLack of knowledge about the nature and extent of difficulties secondary students may encounter; \nLack of suitable assessments.
IRIE: Scalable and Robust Influence Maximization in Social Networks (2011)

Influence maximization is the problem of selecting top $k$ seed nodes in a social network to maximize their influence coverage under certain influence diffusion models. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm IRIE that integrates a new message passing based influence ranking (IR), and influence estimation (IE) methods for influence maximization in both the independent cascade (IC) model and its extension IC-N that incorporates negative opinion propagations. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that IRIE matches the influence coverage of other algorithms while scales much better than all other algorithms. Moreover IRIE is more robust and stable than other algorithms both in running time and memory usage for various density of networks and cascade size. It runs up to two orders of magnitude faster than other state-of-the-art algorithms such as PMIA for large networks with tens of millions of nodes and edges, while using only a fraction of memory comparing with PMIA.
Structural Effects of Carbohydrate-Containing Polycations on Gene Delivery. 2. Charge Center Type (2002)

Recent polycation structure-gene delivery studies reveal that subtle changes in the molecular structure of polycations have substantial influences on DNA-binding and condensation and on in vitro toxicity and gene delivery efficiency. In Part 1 of this structure-property study using carbohydrate-containing polycations (1), it is demonstrated that as the amidine charge center is removed further from the carbohydrate unit within the polycation structure, the toxicity increases. Inclusion of larger carbohydrate species within the polycation backbone also reduces the toxicity. Here, the effect that polycation charge center type has on toxicity and gene delivery efficiency is investigated. A series of quaternary ammonium polycations containing N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, d-trehalose, and beta-cyclodextrin are synthesized in order to elucidate the effects of charge center type (by comparison to the data given in Part 1) on gene delivery. In all cases, it is found that the quaternary ammonium analogues exhibit lower gene expression values and similar toxicities to their amidine analogues. Additionally, transfection experiments conducted in the presence of chloroquine reveal increased gene expression from quaternary ammonium containing polycations and not from their amidine analogues.
Conformationally restrained fentanyl analogs. 2. Synthesis and analgetic evaluation of perhydro-1,6-naphthyridin-2-ones (1984)

Conformational flexibility of the N-acyl portion of fentanyl-type analgetics was restricted through the synthesis of novel perhydro-1,6-naphthyridin-2-one derivatives. Neither the cis-fused derivative (5a), the trans-fused derivative(5b), nor the enamide 8a possessed analgetic activity in the mouse tail-flick assay, reaffirming the sensitivity of this portion of 4-anilidopiperidine analgetics to conformational restraint.
Promoter methylation and mRNA expression of DKK-3 and WIF-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

The aberrant promoter methylation and decreased expression of DKK-3 and WIF-1 may be an important mechanism in HCC, and may be a far-reaching significance in early diagnosis and therapy of HCC.
Further development and evaluation of coal-water mixture technology (1982)

Four different eastern bituminous coals having size consists ranging from 60 to 100% minus 200 mesh were found to be satisfactory for preparation of fluid, stable slurries containing 70% by weight of coal. Control of particle size distribution is required for maximum loadings and good rheological properties where viscosities should not exceed 30 poise for CWM's between 60 and 100% minus 200 mesh. Viscosity is a strong function of dispersant type and content. Best dispersants are anionics in the class of sodium organosulfonates, e.g., Lomar-D and Tamol SN, which are both petrochemicals, and Marasperse CBOs-3, which is a sodium lignosulfonate (a wood derivative). Dispersant content required for fluidity ranges from a few tenths of a part per hundred of coal (pphc) for a coal size consist of 60% minus 200 mesh to over one pphc for 100% minus 200 mesh. The type of coal used in a slurry has a strong effect on the amount of dispersant required although dispersants themselves seem to be fairly generic. Ball milling, particularly wet milling, was found to be extremely effective for production of fines for blends. A good technique for coarse grinding was hammermilling, although it is believed that very large-scale processing wouldmore » require ball milling, a technique equally good or better. The combustion studies revealed that the burning is probably a mass transfer-limited process rather than a kinetically-controlled process, indicating that increased turbulence rather than increased temperature should promote combustion rates. Atomization in a burner is of critical importance to good combustion, and some slurries even though they exhibit good rheological characteristics do not atomize well. Atomizability must be included as a property that acceptable slurries must meet.« less
HUNGARIAN PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DATABASE (COENODATRE F): SAMPLING METHODOLOGY, NOMENCLATURE AND ITS ACTUAL STAGE (2007)

The article contains the methodological guide of the national phytocoenological database, called CoenoDat Reference Database, which was prepared to build up the first Hungarian reference databank of the natural and semi-natural vegetation types in 2003. Nomenclature of plants follows Dobolyi (2002). Syntaxonomical nomenclature follows Borhidi &amp;amp; S&amp;aacute;nta (1999) and Borhidi (2003). For databasing the authors used TurboVeg for Windows. Up to now, CoenoDatRef contains some 9,000 relev&amp;eacute;s of app. 400 natural and/or semi-natural associations. The number of entered relev&amp;eacute;s of different vegetation classes is included.
4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoro-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3-pentanedione complex of Eu3+ with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene oxide as a promising light-conversion molecular device (2009)

A novel beta-diketone ligand, 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-1-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3-pentanedione (Hpffpd), which contains a polyfluorinated alkyl group, as well as a long conjugated fluorene unit, and a chelate phosphine oxide ligand, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene oxide (DDXPO) were synthesized and utilized for the synthesis of two new europium complexes [Eu(pffpd)3(C2H5OH)(H2O)] 1 and [Eu(pffpd)3(DDXPO)] 2. For comparison, the [Eu(pffpd)3(DPEPO)] 3 complex was also synthesized involving a known chelate phosphine oxide, bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl) ether oxide (DPEPO). The synthesized complexes have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and their solid-state photophysical properties were investigated. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of 2 and 3 revealed that these complexes are mononuclear, and that the central Eu3+ ion is surrounded by eight oxygen atoms, six of which are from the three bidentate fluorinated beta-diketonates, and the other two oxygen atoms from the chelate phosphine oxide. The coordination polyhedra can be described as distorted square antiprism. Compound 2 has a solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of 48%, which is about two times higher than that of compound 3 (28%). This may be due to the fact that DDXPO in 1 has the mezzo first triplet excited state energy level (T1) between the first singlet excited energy level (S1) and T1 of Hpffpd, which may support one more additional energy transfer from the T1 energy level of DDXPO to that of Hpffpd, and consequently improves the energy transfer in the Eu3+ complex. Furthermore, DDXPO (average Eu-O = 2.34 A) in complex 2 coordinates more strongly with the central Eu3+ as compared to DPEPO in complex 3 (average Eu-O = 2.38 A) which can improve the energy transfer between the ligands and central metal ion, and consequently enhances the photoluminescence efficiency of the corresponding Eu3+ complex.
Design of waveguide-to-microstrip transitions specially suited to millimetre-wave applications (1977)

A design procedure for millimetre waveguide-to-microstrip transitions is presented. The analysis is such that existing design information, readily available in practical curve format, can be directly applied. In addition, the procedure can be adapted to all physically realisable microstrip impedances, as well as substrate materials and thicknesses.