gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary sensitisation to inhalant allergens during infancy (1990)

The early postnatal period has been identified as a time of increased risk lor primary sensitisation to aeroallergens. The expression of the allergic phenotype is predominantly genetically determined but is influenced by a myriad of environmental factors. The underlying mechanisms for allergic sensitisation to inhalant allergens have been investigated in both humans and experimental animal models. Data from the literature in both these areas are in agreement that the nature of the initial response of the T‐cell arm of the immune system to first encounters with an aero‐allergen can potentially determine whether allergic sensitisation will occur and be manifest in later life as allergic respiratory disease. The combination of exposure to environmental “risk factors” along with the immaturity of the mucosal component of the infant's immune system may provide a basis for the increased risk of allergic sensitisation in early childhood.
Musical Source Separation: An Introduction (2018)

Many people listen to recorded music as part of their everyday lives, e.g., from radio or TV programs, compact discs, downloads, or, increasingly, online streaming services. Sometimes we might want to remix the balance within the music, perhaps to make the vocals louder or to suppress an unwanted sound, or we might want to upmix a two-channel stereo recording to a 5.1-channel surround sound system. We might also want to change the spatial location of a musical instrument within the mix. All of these applications are relatively straightforward, provided we have access to separate sound channels (stems) for each musical audio object.
Multiple paralogous genes related to the Streptomyces coelicolor developmental regulatory gene whiB are present in Streptomyces and other actinomycetes The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are: wblA, AJ239085; wblB, AJ239086; wblE, AJ239087; and wblI, AJ239088. (2000)

The whiB sporulation gene of Streptomyces coelicolor was shown [Davis, N. K. & Chater, K. F. (1992). Mol Gen Genet 232, 351-358] to encode a small, cysteine-rich putative transcription factor unlike any that had been described previously. The large database of DNA sequences of mycobacteria (like Streptomyces, members of the Actinomycetales) has revealed a family of genes encoding proteins related to WhiB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains at least six such genes (whiB homologues in mycobacteria: whmA-F) and a likely seventh, whmG. Using conserved features of Whm proteins, a PCR-based approach led to the discovery that S. coelicolor A3(2) contains several similar genes. Cloning and sequencing of these whiB-like (wbI) genes revealed likely orthologues of four of the whm genes of M. tuberculosis. In all, S. coelicolor contains at least five wbI genes in addition to whiB itself. All five were shown by RT-PCR to be transcribed. A Southern blotting survey using each wbI gene as a probe showed that nearly all of a series of representatives of ten actinomycete genera (including morphologically simple organisms) contain close homologues of several wbI genes, suggesting that the ancient progenitor of all these organisms already contained a family of such genes, which have not been found in any other organisms.
Efficient grammar processing for a spoken language translation system (1992)

A problem with many speech understanding systems is that grammars that are more suitable for representing the relation between sentences and their meanings, such as context free grammars (CFGs) and augmented phrase structure grammars (APSGs), are computationally very demanding. On the other hand, finite state grammars are efficient, but cannot represent directly the sentence-meaning relation. The authors describe how speech recognition and language analysis can be tightly coupled by developing an APSG for the analysis component and deriving automatically from it a finite-state approximation that is used as the recognition language model. Using this technique, the authors have built an efficient translation system that is fast compared to others with comparably sized language models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily (2008)

To date, 19 ALDH genes have been identified in the human genome and mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases, including Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, type II hyperprolinemia, gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria and pyridoxine-dependent seizures. ALDH enzymes also play important roles in embryogenesis and development, neurotransmission, oxidative stress and cancer. Finally, ALDH enzymes display multiple catalytic and non-catalytic functions including ester hydrolysis, antioxidant properties, xenobiotic bioactivation and UV light absorption.
The House of Quality (1988)

ITT are getting started with it. Ford and General Motors use it–at Ford alone there are more than 50 applications. The “house of quality,” the basic design tool of the management approach known as quality function deployment (QFD), originated in 1972 at Mitsubishi’s Kobe shipyard site. Toyota and its suppliers then developed it in numerous ways. The house of quality has been used successfully by Japanese manufacturers of consumer electronics, home appliances, clothing, integrated circuits, synthetic rubber, construction equipment, and agricultural engines. Japanese designers use it for services like swimming schools and retail outlets and even for planning apartment layouts. A set of planning and communication routines, quality function deployment focuses and coordinates skills within an organization, first to design, then to manufacture and market goods that customers want to purchase and will continue to purchase. The foundation of the house of quality is the belief that products should be designed to reflect customers’ desires and tastes–so marketing people, design engineers, and manufacturing staff must work closely together from the time a product is first conceived. The house of quality is a kind of conceptual map that provides the means for interfunctional planning and communications. People with different
The relationship between cognitive proficiency and oral fluidity in second language mastery (2005)

This study investigated the relationships between cognitive proficiency and oral fluidity in the domain of second language (L2) mastery. Previous research has demonstrated that both automaticity and attention control are factors that contribute to L2 mastery. Given that the fundamental purpose of language is communication, the study aimed at examining the relationship between these cognitive factors and productive elements of speech within a social context. The study also examined if controlling for first language (L1) skill on measures of oral fluidity would yield different results from when L1 skill was not controlled, and if differences existed between the relationships between cognitive proficiency and oral fluidity after dividing the sample into higher versus lower fluent participants. Twenty-four bilingual adults (L1=English; L2=French) who varied in L2 skill performed a lexical categorization task and an attention-shifting task in order to provide measures of speed and efficiency of cognitive proficiency. Participants also performed a socially interactive story telling task in order to provide speech samples from which measures of vocabulary richness, speech rate, and fluid run length were derived as indices of oral fluidity. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that although controlling for L1 performance on measures of oral fluidity did not significantly contribute to our understanding of the relationships between cognitive proficiency and oral fluidity, there was strong relationship between L1 and L2 oral fluidity performance. In addition, those participants that showed evidence for better oral mastery also showed evidence for better automaticity of lexical categorization.
Development and Brain Delivery of Chitosan−PEG Nanoparticles Functionalized with the Monoclonal Antibody OX26 (2005)

The inhibition of the caspase-3 enzyme is reported to increase neuronal cell survival following cerebral ischemia. The peptide Z-DEVD-FMK is a specific caspase inhibitor, which significantly reduces vulnerability to the neuronal cell death. However, this molecule is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to diffuse into the brain tissue. Thus, the development of an effective delivery system is needed to provide sufficient drug concentration into the brain to prevent cell death. Using the avidin (SA)-biotin (BIO) technology, we describe here the design of chitosan (CS) nanospheres conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) bearing the OX26 monoclonal antibody whose affinity for the transferrin receptor (TfR) may trigger receptor-mediated transport across the BBB. These functionalized CS-PEG-BIO-SA/OX26 nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, and release properties. Fluorescently labeled CS-PEG-BIO-SA/OX26 nanoparticles were administered systemically to mice in order to evaluate their efficacy for brain translocation. The results showed that an important amount of nanoparticles were located in the brain, outside of the intravascular compartment. These findings, which were also confirmed by electron microscopic examination of the brain tissue indicate that this novel targeted nanoparticulate drug delivery system was able to translocate into the brain tissue after iv administration. Consequently, these novel nanoparticles are promising carriers for the transport of the anticaspase peptide Z-DEVD-FMK into the brain.
High enantioselectivity in the intramolecular cyclopropanation of allyl diazoacetates using a novel rhodium(II) catalyst (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh enantioselectivity in the intramolecular cyclopropanation of allyl diazoacetates using a novel rhodium(II) catalystMichael P. Doyle, Roland J. Pieters, Stephen F. Martin, Richard E. Austin, Christopher J. Oalmann, and Paul MuellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4, 1423–1424Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00004a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1266Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vikings on the seine: Policy challenges confronting careers guidance in Denmark (1991)

Abstract Careers guidance in Denmark is related to three sets of changes: (1) demographic changes; (2) value changes; and (3) technological changes. The Danish historical and political background is described. The implications of the politicisation of guidance are discussed.
Quantum Receiver beyond the Standard Quantum Limit of Coherent Optical Communication (2011)

The most efficient modern optical communication is known as coherent communication, and its standard quantum limit is almost reachable with current technology. Though it has been predicted for a long time that this standard quantum limit could be overcome via quantum mechanically optimized receivers, such a performance has not been experimentally realized so far. Here we demonstrate the first unconditional evidence surpassing the standard quantum limit of coherent optical communication. We implement a quantum receiver with a simple linear optics configuration and achieve more than 90% of the total detection efficiency of the system. Such an efficient quantum receiver will provide a new way of extending the distance of amplification-free channels, as well as of realizing quantum information protocols based on coherent states and the loophole-free test of quantum mechanics.
Question answering from the web using knowledge annotation and knowledge mining techniques (2003)

We present a strategy for answering fact-based natural language questions that is guided by a characterization of real-world user queries. Our approach, implemented in a system called Aranea, extracts answers from the Web using two different techniques: knowledge annotation and knowledge mining. Knowledge annotation is an approach to answering large classes of frequently occurring questions by utilizing semi\-structured and structured Web sources. Knowledge mining is a statistical approach that leverages massive amounts of Web data to overcome many natural language processing challenges. We have integrated these two different paradigms into a question answering system capable of providing users with concise answers that directly address their information needs.
DNA methylase activities in a Neisseria gonorrhoeae extract (1986)

Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA to cleavage by various restriction endonucleases suggests the existence of modification enzymes which protect the corresponding recognition sequences. We indeed found methylase activities in N. gonorrhoeae extracts. These activities lead to the methylation of adenine and cytosine residues in bacteriophage λ DNA and DNA from an Escherichia coli Dam− strain. They also result in partial protection of λ DNA to cleavage by the restriction endonucleases HaeII, HaeIII, BamHI and, SacII.
Identification of an old antibiotic clofoctol as a novel activator of unfolded protein response pathways and an inhibitor of prostate cancer (2014)

Our findings revealed clofoctol as a novel activator of the unfolded protein response pathways and a promising inhibitor of prostate cancer. As clofoctol has been used in the clinic for years, it is ready for clinical evaluation as a novel antiprostate cancer drug candidate.
Echocardiographic Speckle-Tracking Based Strain Imaging for Rapid Cardiovascular Phenotyping in Mice (2011)

Our results highlight the utility of speckle-tracking based strain imaging for detecting discrete functional alterations in mouse models of cardiovascular disease in an efficient and comprehensive manner. Echocardiography speckle-tracking based strain analysis represents a method for relatively high-throughput and sensitive cardiac phenotyping, particularly in evaluating emerging cardiac agents and therapies in mice.
Optically interconnected switching networks (1991)

Work on hybrid multistage switching networks is presented. A simple mapping rule is used to form a network using two-dimensional perfect shuffle interconnections, and other 2-D patterns are developed from other mappings. The general conditions for a 1-D net to be mappable into two dimensions are established, and it is pointed out that in practice all multistage interconnection networks (MINs) are mappable-a suitable mapping transformation is what is required. It is shown how to use the mapping process to produce hybrid MINs with a variable electronic island size. It is concluded that the design flexibility exists to take multistage processors and transform them into formats which are highly suitable for the employment of optical interconnects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antioxidant activity of polar carotenoids including astaxanthin-beta-glucoside from marine bacterium on PC liposomes (2000)

This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of polar carotenoids (zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, and astaxanthin-β-glucoside) in free radical-mediated oxidation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. In 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC liposomes, astaxanthin-β-glucoside was the most active, followed by astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, although there was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity of these carotenoids in chloroform solution. Thus, it is suggested that the different antioxidant activity of four kinds of carotenoids found in the PC liposomes would depend not on their ability to scavenge free radicals, but on other factors such as their location and orientation in PC liposome systems and the degree of their incorporation into PC bilayers. These physicochemical properties would be strongly correlated with the structural acceptability between the PC molecule and carotenoid molecule, especially between two polar groups of the PC bilayer and the carotenoid. Furthermore, two polar groups of the carotenoid can act as trans-bilayer rivets. The tightly packed conformation of PC bilayers caused by this function of the dipolar carotenoid would also be correlated with their antioxidant activity. This was suppported by the result that cholesterol, known as acting like a peg through one half of the bilayer, also increased the oxidative stability of PC liposomes.
PHOSPHORUS-NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. PART 47<sup>1</sup>. CONFORMATIONS AND PHOSPHORUS-PHOSPHORUS SPIN–SPIN COUPLING CONSTANTS IN PHOSPHAZENYLCYCLOPHOSPHAZENES (1985)

Abstract 4 J PP Spin–spin coupling constants have been measured in a series of phosphazenylcyclophosphazenes. They can be correlated with the conformations adopted by the phosphazenyl substituents in the solid state, which are also believed to be the predominant ones in solution. The conformations are depicted by suitable orthographic projections based on published X-ray crystallographic data.
Transport Strategies for Melbourne's Growth Corridors (1991)

The paper examines the integration of land use and transport planning in the development of transport strategies to support future growth in the Plenty Valley, Werribee and South-Eastem (Berwick-Pakenham-Cranbourne) growth corridors of Melbourne. With transport's revealed high cost for infrastructure and services provision, the most cost effective strategy for future urban corridor development favours land use patterns that are integrated with transport, and in particular public transport, services. Likely future travel pattern changes over the next 20 to 30 years, and the implications of these changes are examined, particularly with regard to the role of local employment in creating opportunities for improved accessibility and minimised external (to the corridors) travel demand. The transport impacts of dispersed job opportunities throughout the wider metropolitan area are also discussed.
A Functional Genomics Approach to Tanshinone Biosynthesis Provides Stereochemical Insights (2009)

Tanshinones are abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone natural products that are the bioactive components of the Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The initial results from a functional genomics-based investigation of tanshinone biosynthesis, specifically the functional identification of the relevant diterpene synthases from S. miltiorrhiza, are reported. The cyclohexa-1,4-diene arrangement of the distal ring poises the resulting miltiradiene for the ensuing aromatization and hydroxylation to ferruginol suggested for tanshinone biosynthesis.
On Value Function Representation of Long Horizon Problems (2018)

In Reinforcement Learning, an intelligent agent has to make a sequence of decisions to accomplish a goal. If this sequence is long, then the agent has to plan over a long horizon. While learning the optimal policy and its value function is a well studied problem in Reinforcement Learning, this paper focuses on the structure of the optimal value function and how hard it is to represent the optimal value function. We show that the generalized Rademacher complexity of the hypothesis space of all optimal value functions is dependent on the planning horizon and independent of the state and action space size. Further, we present bounds on the action-gaps of action value functions and show that they can collapse if a long planning horizon is used. The theoretical results are verified empirically on randomly generated MDPs and on a grid-world fruit collection task using deep value function approximation. Our theoretical results highlight a connection between value function approximation and the Options framework and suggest that value functions should be decomposed along bottlenecks of the MDP's transition dynamics.
Variants of Jump Flooding Algorithm for Computing Discrete Voronoi Diagrams (2007)

Jump flooding algorithm (JFA) is an interesting way to utilize the graphics processing unit to efficiently compute Voronoi diagrams and distance transforms in 2D discrete space. This paper presents three novel variants of JFA. They focus on different aspects of JFA: the first variant can further reduce the errors of JFA; the second variant can greatly increase the speed of JFA; and the third variant enables JFA to compute Voronoi diagrams in 3D space in a slice-by-slice manner, without a high end graphics processing unit. These variants are orthogonal to each other. In other words, it is possible to combine any two or all of them together.
Occult parasitic energy loss in heat engines (2007)

When a reversible process, such as the compression of a working gas, is treated as a feedback mechanism coupling adjacent heat engine cycles, analysis reveals a parasitic energy loss unaccounted for by traditional theory. Including this feedback-induced energy loss in the derivation of an efficiency relation yields predictions that reproduce experimental observations with sufficient accuracy as to propose this effect as being the primary source of disparity between practice and existing theory. Further, it is shown that both the Carnot and Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency relations are derivable special cases of this more general result. Finally, it is postulated that substantial gains in thermodynamic efficiency may be affected in practical heat engines, including increases on the order of 30% in internal combustion engines, by frustrating these feedback mechanisms through simple mechanical modifications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GM-CSF–Based Fusion Cytokines as Ligands for Immune Modulation (2011)

Chromosomal translocations that combine distinct functional domains of unrelated proteins are an experiment in nature. They demonstrate how endogenous regulatory checkpoints can be overridden by altered cell biochemistry, informing a means to engineering an aberrant signal that the cell is incapable of counterregulating. Thus, our laboratory and others have synthesized fusions of GM-CSF with peptides, ILs, and chemokines, which we have termed fusokines, with the aim of inducing an enhanced immune response against cancer, aiming to overcome the maladapted biological processes causing disease. In doing so, we found that these fusokines did not behave as merely the sum of their natural unfused counterparts, but as entirely novel ligands co-opting their cognate receptor to communicate a unique message to responsive cellular targets. In this review, we discuss how fusion proteins combining different bioactive ligands can alter immune responses and briefly discuss the regulatory pathways that they circumvent.
PERFLUOROCTYLBROMIDE AS A BLOOD POOL IMAGING AGENT (1983)

Mattrey, Robert F. M.D.; Peck, Wallace W. M.D.; Slutsky, Robert A M.D.; Higgins, Charles B. M.D. Author Information
Effect of adding a diagnostic aid to best practice to manage suspicious pigmented lesions in primary care: randomised controlled trial (2012)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN79932379.