gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Experimental studies on the factors of osteogenesis by transplantation of patellar cartilage framework in rats]. (1988)

The cartilage framework of the patella in rats is capable of inducing ossification after homotransplantation in many various sites: muscle, thyroid, testicle, ovary, kidney, anterior chamber of the eye, etc. The frequency of ossification does not depend on the technical conditions of the transplant, but on the age of the donors and receivers; it approximates 84 p. cent when the two rats are three weeks old. It is close to 100 p. cent in case of autotransplant. It is non-existent in case of heterotransplantation. A cartilage that is killed by alcohol or cold, has no longer osteogenetic abilities, even if it is placed in contact with live cartilage. The transplant of patellar cartilaginous framework represents a model which may be used to study the factors responsible for physiological ossification as well as the effect of various experimental conditions on osteogenesis.
Broad-Band-Emissive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Semiconducting Nanowires Based on an ABX<sub>3</sub>-Type Chain Compound (2017)

Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide (e.g., CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbX<sub>3</sub>, where X = CI, Br, and I) nanowires (NWs) with remarkable electric and optical properties have recently garnered increasing attention, owing to their structural flexibility and tunability compared to inorganic semiconducting NWs. While most recently reported NWs are limited to methylammonium/formamidinium three-dimensional lead halide perovskites, it is urgent to develop new organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting NWs. Here, broad-band-emissive single-crystal semiconductive NWs based on a new ABX<sub>3</sub>-type organic-inorganic chain hybrid, (2-methylpiperidine)lead tribromide, are reported. It is believed that this work will enrich the organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting NWs and may provide potential applications for LED displaying.
Bimetallic Mesoflowers: Region-Specific Overgrowth and Substrate Dependent Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering at Single Particle Level (2010)

A strategy for the preparation of bimetallic mesoflowers (MFs) has been demonstrated by a simple overgrowth reaction. We make hybrid MFs containing Au core and shells of different metals, such as Ag and Pt, by tuning the experimental conditions so as to study region-specific overgrowth. This selective growth is attributed to the specific binding affinity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at different crystal planes of Au MF surfaces. We also studied the region-specific, composition dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of single bimetallic MFs to understand their chemical environment. Substrate effects on the SERS activity at single particle level were evaluated by a comparative study of the Raman images of Au, Au/Ag, and Au/Pt MFs. Region-specific SERS activity exhibited by single Au/Ag MF provides an insight into the SERS activity of bimetallic MFs over their monometallic analogues.
Replication Protein A Is Required for Meiotic Recombination in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2002)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiotic recombination is initiated by transient DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). These DSBs undergo a 5' --> 3' resection to produce 3' single-stranded DNA ends that serve to channel DSBs into the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway. In vitro studies strongly suggest that several proteins of this pathway--Rad51, Rad52, Rad54, Rad55, Rad57, and replication protein A (RPA)--play a role in the strand exchange reaction. Here, we report a study of the meiotic phenotypes conferred by two missense mutations affecting the largest subunit of RPA, which are localized in the protein interaction domain (rfa1-t11) and in the DNA-binding domain (rfa1-t48). We find that both mutant diploids exhibit reduced sporulation efficiency, very poor spore viability, and a 10- to 100-fold decrease in meiotic recombination. Physical analyses indicate that both mutants form normal levels of meiosis-specific DSBs and that the broken ends are processed into 3'-OH single-stranded tails, indicating that the RPA complex present in these rfa1 mutants is functional in the initial steps of meiotic recombination. However, the 5' ends of the broken fragments undergo extensive resection, similar to what is observed in rad51, rad52, rad55, and rad57 mutants, indicating that these RPA mutants are defective in the repair of the Spo11-dependent DSBs that initiate homologous recombination during meiosis.
Introduction to Distributed Algorithms (2000)

Distributed algorithms have been the subject of intense development over the last twenty years. The second edition of this successful textbook provides an up-to-date introduction both to the topic, and to the theory behind the algorithms. The clear presentation makes the book suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses, whilst the coverage is sufficiently deep to make it useful for practising engineers and researchers. The author concentrates on algorithms for the point-to-point message passing model, and includes algorithms for the implementation of computer communication networks. Other key areas discussed are algorithms for the control of distributed applications (wave, broadcast, election, termination detection, randomized algorithms for anonymous networks, snapshots, deadlock detection, synchronous systems), and fault-tolerance achievable by distributed algorithms. The two new chapters on sense of direction and failure detectors are state-of-the-art and will provide an entry to research in these still-developing topics.
An analytical method for protease activity geared towards field study (2018)

A simple and practical method for detecting and measuring the protease activity of unknown samples was developed.
On the frequencies of collective electron oscillations in nanotubes (2001)

A model for a nanotube and a simple approach to the problem of the collective electrons’ oscillations as a whole in a nanotube are suggested. The frequencies of the oscillations of the electronic cloud as a whole along the axis of a nanotube, xa, and perpendicular to it, x t, are calculated as well as the frequency of the breathing mode, x b. It is shown that xa is inversely proportional to the square root of the length of a nanotube. The frequency xt diŒers from the usual plasma frequency, xp0, by a considerable numerical factor.
B cells do not take up bacterial DNA: an essential role for antigen in exposure of DNA to toll‐like receptor‐9 (2010)

Murine dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages respond to bacterial CpG DNA through toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Although it is frequently assumed that bacterial DNA is a direct stimulus for B cells, published work does not reliably show responses of purified B cells. Here we show that purified splenic B cells did not respond to Escherichia coli DNA with induction of CD86, despite readily responding to single-stranded (ss) phosphodiester CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). This was due to a combination of weak responses to both long and double-stranded (ds) DNA. B-cell DNA uptake was greatly reduced with increasing DNA length. This contrasts with macrophages where DNA uptake and subsequent responses were enhanced with increasing DNA length. However, when DNA was physically linked to hen egg lysozyme (HEL), HEL-specific B cells showed efficient uptake of DNA, and limited proliferation in response to the HEL-DNA complex. We propose that, in the absence of other signals, B cells have poor uptake and responses to long dsDNA to prevent polyclonal activation. Conversely, when DNA is physically linked to a B-cell receptor (BCR) ligand, its uptake is increased, allowing TLR9-dependent B-cell activation in an antigen-specific manner. We could not generate fragments of E. coli DNA by limited DNaseI digestion that could mimic the stimulatory effect of ss CpG ODN on naïve B cells. We suggest that the frequently studied polyclonal B-cell responses to CpG ODN are relevant to therapeutic applications of phosphorothioate-modified CpG-containing ODN, but not to natural responses to foreign or host dsDNA.
Compression of the Brain and Spinal Cord Following Use of Gelfoam (1972)

Symptomatic compression of the central nervous system secondary to the use of Gelfoam (absorable gelatin sponge) in a closed space occurred in two cases. Absorbable gelatin sponge may be used to control bleeding; but it should be removed from closed spaces where vital tissues may be compressed against rigid walls by fluid accumulation.
Longitudinal Metabolomics Profiling of Parkinson’s Disease-Related α-Synuclein A53T Transgenic Mice (2015)

Metabolic homeostasis is critical for all biological processes in the brain. The metabolites are considered the best indicators of cell states and their rapid fluxes are extremely sensitive to cellular changes. While there are a few studies on the metabolomics of Parkinson's disease, it lacks longitudinal studies of the brain metabolic pathways affected by aging and the disease. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS), we generated the metabolomics profiling data from the brains of young and aged male PD-related α-synuclein A53T transgenic mice as well as the age- and gender-matched non-transgenic (nTg) controls. Principal component and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analyses identified distinctive metabolites influenced by aging and the A53T mutation. The following metabolite set enrichment classification revealed the alanine metabolism, redox and acetyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways were substantially disturbed in the aged mouse brains regardless of the genotypes, suggesting that aging plays a more prominent role in the alterations of brain metabolism. Further examination showed that the interaction effect of aging and genotype only disturbed the guanosine levels. The young A53T mice exhibited lower levels of guanosine compared to the age-matched nTg controls. The guanosine levels remained constant between the young and aged nTg mice, whereas the aged A53T mice showed substantially increased guanosine levels compared to the young mutant ones. In light of the neuroprotective function of guanosine, our findings suggest that the increase of guanosine metabolism in aged A53T mice likely represents a protective mechanism against neurodegeneration, while monitoring guanosine levels could be applicable to the early diagnosis of the disease.
Acid Fracturing in the Warrent Unit of Southeastern New Mexico (1996)

Abstract The development of viscous acid systems has improved the effectiveness of acid fracturing. A specific case in point is the Warren Unit of Southeastern New Mexico, which produces oil and gas from the Drinkard, Tubh and Blinebry formations. The Drinkard and Tubb formations have been found to respond favorably to acid fracture stimulation through the use of gelled and crosslinked acid systems. A crosslinked 15% hydrochloric acid gel fracturing treatment provides an economic and effective initial stimulation of the Drinkard and Tubb, while re-stimulation of Tubb wells has yielded similar results independent of the treatment type. Production results are evaluated for the different treatments. Included are comparisons of various viscous treating fluids and treatment procedures. Rotating disk reaction rate information, rheological properties of various fluids, fluid loss characteristics, formation lithological differences and well locations are also discussed. The limitations of usage of the various fluids and techniques within the Warren Unit are addressed.
Emitter size effect on current gain in fully self-aligned AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's with AlGaAs surface passivation layer (1990)

The emitter size effect for fully self-aligned AlGaAs-GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with depleted AlGaAs passivation layers, in which the partially thinned AlGaAs emitter is self-aligned by using the dual sidewall process, is investigated. It is demonstrated that drastic improvement in the emitter size effect can be achieved with an AlGaAs passivation layer as small as 0.2 mu m in width, due to the surface recombination current reduction by a factor of 1/40 in the extrinsic base region. It has also been found that the base current is dominated by excess leakage current in the proton-implanted isolation region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Project TRANSPROSE: reconciling mobile-code security with execution efficiency (2002)

Project TRANSPROSE is a comprehensive research project investigating techniques for transporting programs securely over potentially insecure channels. The central focus of this project is the development of a blueprint for a next-generation mobile code distribution format. A problem of previous approaches to mobile code security has been that the additional provisions for security lead to a loss of efficiency, often to the extent of making an otherwise virtuous security scheme unusable for all but trivial programs. TRANSPROSE strives to deviate from the common approach of studying security in isolation and instead focuses simultaneously on multiple aspects of mobile code quality. Besides security, such aspects include encoding density, speed of dynamic code generation and the eventual execution performance. This paper gives a high-level overview of Project TRANSPROSE and presents initial results, which include a highly effective syntax-based compression scheme for Java programs, as well as a performance-oriented intermediate program representation providing guaranteed security.
Nuclear Entry of the Circadian Regulator mPER1 Is Controlled by Mammalian Casein Kinase I ɛ (2000)

The molecular oscillator that keeps circadian time is generated by a negative feedback loop. Nuclear entry of circadian regulatory proteins that inhibit transcription from E-box-containing promoters appears to be a critical component of this loop in both Drosophila and mammals. The Drosophila double-time gene product, a casein kinase I epsilon (CKIepsilon) homolog, has been reported to interact with dPER and regulate circadian cycle length. We find that mammalian CKIepsilon binds to and phosphorylates the murine circadian regulator mPER1. Unlike both dPER and mPER2, mPER1 expressed alone in HEK 293 cells is predominantly a nuclear protein. Two distinct mechanisms appear to retard mPER1 nuclear entry. First, coexpression of mPER2 leads to mPER1-mPER2 heterodimer formation and cytoplasmic colocalization. Second, coexpression of CKIepsilon leads to masking of the mPER1 nuclear localization signal and phosphorylation-dependent cytoplasmic retention of both proteins. CKIepsilon may regulate mammalian circadian rhythm by controlling the rate at which mPER1 enters the nucleus.
A thermionic trigger (1938)

A simple hard valve circuit is described which provides positive off-on control with any desired differential from 0.1 V. to 20 V. Less than 10-6 amp. is required at the input, but up to 20 ma. at 200 V. is available in the output. Either positive or negative control is possible. The operation cycle occupies about 10 μ sec. Applications to cathode ray oscillography, to "thermostating" and to lighting control are illustrated.
Polymerization Conditions and the Development of a Core-Shell Morphology in PMMA/PS Latex Particles. 1. Influence of Initiator Properties and Mode of Monomer Addition (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization Conditions and the Development of a Core-Shell Morphology in PMMA/PS Latex Particles. 1. Influence of Initiator Properties and Mode of Monomer AdditionJan-Erik Joensson, Helen Hassander, and Bertil ToernellCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 7, 1932–1937Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00085a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00085a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of active microwave mixers for optimum performance (2002)

Synthesis of new active microwave mixer circuits employing unique MMIC BJTs is described. A computer model was developed for each system and actual physical models developed. Fundamental performance characteristics of these devices are shown to be competitive with other modern active mixers utilizing FETs, although at much lower cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated process parameters tuning for an injection moulding machine with soft computing (2011)

In injection moulding production, the tuning of the process parameters is a challenging job, which relies heavily on the experience of skilled operators. In this paper, taking into consideration operator assessment during moulding trials, a novel intelligent model for automated tuning of process parameters is proposed. This consists of case based reasoning (CBR), empirical model (EM), and fuzzy logic (FL) methods. CBR and EM are used to imitate recall and intuitive thoughts of skilled operators, respectively, while FL is adopted to simulate the skilled operator optimization thoughts. First, CBR is used to set up the initial process parameters. If CBR fails, EM is employed to calculate the initial parameters. Next, a moulding trial is performed using the initial parameters. Then FL is adopted to optimize these parameters and correct defects repeatedly until the moulded part is found to be satisfactory. Based on the above methodologies, intelligent software was developed and embedded in the controller of an injection moulding machine. Experimental results show that the intelligent software can be effectively used in practical production, and it greatly reduces the dependence on the experience of the operators.
Toward arbitrary mapping for debugging visualizations (2016)

Despite the progress that has been made in the field of program visualization, programmers nowadays still rely on inserting extra code (e.g. print statements) to visualize complicated program states during debugging. There are many obstacles that have impeded and continue to impede program visualization for practical use. One such major obstacle is that a wide variety of data types and interpretations from data to visualizations are arbitrary. It is unlikely that visualizations will be available a priori to cover everything that might be of interest. In an attempt to address the problem, a debugging visualization tool called xDIVA is presented here. A practical application of xDIVA in EDA (Electronic Design Automation) industry is described. Demonstrations and tool download can be accessed at "http://oolab.csie.ncu.edu.tw/xDIVA".
Formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate by isomerization from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. (1991)

We have synthesized phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate by using diisopropylcarbodiimide to promote migration of the 4-phosphate via a cyclic phosphodiester intermediate. The product was isolated by a thin-layer chromatographic method that depends on the ability of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, to form complexes with boric acid. The final yield of the procedure was 8% phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, which was approximately 80% pure. The product was shown to be phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate by the following criteria: (i) cochromatography with an authentic standard on borate thin-layer chromatography, (ii) cochromatography of the deacylated product with glycerophosphoinositol 3-phosphate on high-performance liquid chromatography, (iii) conversion of the product to phosphatidylinositol by homogeneous phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 3-phosphatase, and (iv) deacylation and deglyceration of the product to a compound that comigrates with inositol 1,3-bisphosphate on high-performance liquid chromatography. The availability of mass amounts of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate will allow further elaboration of reactions in this recently discovered pathway of phosphatidylinositol metabolism.
Comparison of the Nuclear DNA Stability against Freezing-Thawing and High Temperature Treatments between Spermatozoa and Somatic Cells. (1997)

Thermostability of sperm genome against freezing-thawing and high temperature treatments was assessed by comparing the degradation patterns of genomic DNAs from epididymal sperms and somatic tissues. Golden hamster liver, kidney, epididymal sperm, and testis were frozen and thawed repeatedly, or incubated in a hot water bath. Genomic DNAs were isolated and then separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was revealed that the size of sperm genomic DNA was hardly changed after freezing-thawing treatment, however, the DNA sizes of the other three tissues were gradually reduced with an increasing number of freezing-thawing cycles. In contrast, high temperature treatment appears to damage not only the genomic DNAs of somatic cells but also those of spermatozoa.
Control of programmed cyclin destruction in a cell-free system. (1989)

To ask what controls the periodic accumulation and destruction of the mitotic across the cell cycle, we have developed a cell-free system from clam embryos that reproduces several aspects of cyclin behavior. One or more rounds of cyclin proteolysis and resynthesis occur in vitro, and the destruction of the cyclins is highly specific. The onset, duration, and extent of cyclin destruction and the appropriately stagered disappearance of cyclin A and cyclin B are correctly regulated during the first cycle in the cell-free system. Just as in intact cells, lysates made from early interphase cells require further protein synthesis to reach the cyclin destruction point, and lysates made from later stages do not. Using the cell-free system we show that cyclin disappearance requires ATP and Mg2+. By combining lysates from different cell cycle stages, we show that (a) interphase lysates do not contain a dominant inhibitor of cyclin destruction and (b) the timing of cyclin destruction is determined by the cell cycle stage of the cytoplasm rather than the cell cycle stage of the substrate cyclins themselves. Among a large variety of agents tested, only a few affect cyclin destruction. Tosyl-lysine chlormethyl ketone (TLCK, a protease inhibitor), 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, a kinase inhibitor), certain sulfhydryl-blocking agents, ZnCl2 and EDTA (but not EGTA) completely block cyclin destruction in vitro. Addition of 1 mM Ca2+ to the cell-free system has no effect on cyclin stability, but 5 mM Ca2+ leads to the rapid destruction of cyclins and a small number of other proteins.
SolRgene: an online database to explore disease resistance genes in tuber-bearing Solanum species (2011)

Solanum section Petota forms the basis of the SolRgene database, which contains a collection of resistance data of an unprecedented size and precision. Complemented with R gene sequence data and phylogenetic tools, SolRgene can be considered the primary resource for information on R genes from potato and wild tuber-bearing relatives.