gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge-Induced Rayleigh Instabilities In Small Gold Rods (2007)

It is demonstrated that the addition of electrons to gold nanorods with aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 4 leads to an initial blue-shift in the absorption spectrum due to the increasing surface plasmon frequency of the electron gas. However, at longer times, there are changes in particle morphology induced by the surface charge. In the case of smaller injected electron densities, the surface plasmon band red-shifts as the end caps of the rods undergo increased faceting and develop {111} faces. In the case of higher electron densities, the rods undergo fragmentation into clouds of smaller spheres. These secondary processes and fragmentation are postulated to be a direct result of crossing the Rayleigh threshold.
Microwave Instrumentation for Moisture Content Measurement<sup>*</sup> (1973)

Problems related to water content measurements in various substances by using microwave methods are presented. Principles of operation of microwave moisture meters are discussed and the requirements for the microwave sensors are stated. A broad view of microwave methods and instruments used around the world is presented. Some possible future developments are suggested.
Product Coverage (1977)

The primary objective of the G.S.P. is to expand exports and export earnings of developing countries by stimulating donor-country imports of manufactured products from them, the incentive being provided by preferential tariff rates. Before judging its effectiveness, however, this programme must be placed in its proper perspective. First and foremost it is a tariff policy, and therefore can contribute to increased exports of only those products subject to duty. There is no scope within the context of the G.S.P. for assisting the export prospects of products which currently enter donor countries free of duty on an M.F.N. basis.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Studies of Radiationless Decay Processes in Photoexcited Hemocyanins (2001)

Photoacoustic calorimetry and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic techniques have been used to study the electronic relaxation and ligand binding reactions that occur following photoexcitation of the 345 nm peroxide-to-copper ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) band of oxy hemocyanin (Hc) from Limulus polyphemus and Busycon canaliculatum. The results indicate that the LMCT state in both proteins decays to the ground state via a nonradiative mechanism with a time constant of ∼610 fs. The short lifetime of the LMCT state measured in this work provides an explanation for why the oxy Hc excited state exhibits a low fluorescence yield. The results also suggest that photoexcitation of oxy Hc leads to the dissociation of O2 (by a thermal or photochemical process) and that the O2 molecule subsequently recombines with the metal center on the 80 ps time scale. The time-resolved data reveal that the dynamics in the vicinity of the active site are identical for the two types of Hcs studied, which is consistent with the similarity of the active sites in various Hcs.
In vitro response of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded in a type-I collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold for skin wound repair under the mechanical loading condition. (2009)

In order to achieve successful wound repair by regenerative tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), it is important to understand the response of stem cells in the scaffold matrix to mechanical stress. To investigate the clinical effects of mechanical stress on the behavior of cells in scaffolds, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were grown on a type-I collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) scaffold matrix for one week under cyclic stretching loading conditions. The porous collagen-GAG scaffold matrix for skin wound repair was prepared, the harvested canine MSCs were seeded on the scaffold, and cultured under three kinds of cyclic stretching loading conditions (0%: control, 5% strain, 15% strain). After 7 days incubation, MSCs were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically regarding the proliferation and differentiation. Cultured MSCs in the high strain (15% strain) group showed active alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and poor differentiation into type-I collagen-positive cells, whereas enhanced differentiation into type-I collagen positive cells and a lack of alpha-SMA expression where shown in the lower stress (5% strain) group. These results suggest that mechanical stress may affect the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, and subsequently the wound healing process, through attachment interactions between the stem cells and scaffold matrix. Our findings provide an additional consideration for clinical treatment of wound repair using regenerative tissue engineering.
Optimizing Meta-Parameters in Continuous Piecewise Direct Standardization (2001)

When in-line or on-line spectroscopy is performed on a process, different types of variations are present in the measured spectrum. The variation due to the chemistry of the process is the wanted variation, which should be used for monitoring the process. Also unwanted variation is present in the measured spectrum. One example is variation due to changes in the temperature of the sample. This unwanted variation will cause deterioration of the performance of the spectroscopic analyzer. In this paper the properties of continuous piecewise direct standardization (CPDS) for temperature corrections in near-infrared (NIR) spectra are discussed. A procedure to obtain sensible settings of the meta-parameters in the CPDS algorithm has been developed. Initial values of the meta-parameters can be found for each data set by looking at spectra as a function of temperature. Particularly, difference spectra are shown to be useful in order to determine the degree of linearity of the spectral disturbances caused by the temperature changes. A cross-validation procedure around these initial settings is proposed to establish the optimum meta-parameters. This procedure was successfully applied to two NIR data sets. For each data set, it was found that CPDS corrected for temperature disturbances in an independent test data set and maintained the prediction errors on the same low level as for a calibration model built at the calibration temperature.
Electron impact mass spectra of 2‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds: Unusual abundance of the [M + 1]<sup>+</sup> ion and the effect of stereochemistry (1981)

Abstract Electron impact mass spectra of 2‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and related heteroaryl species have been investigated. In 3‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐2,4‐pentanedione, its 6′‐methyl and 6′‐methoxycarbonyl derivatives and in E ‐ and Z‐ethyl 3‐oxo‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)methylenebutanoates the base peak arises from the loss of methyl radical from the molecular ion to produce a 3‐oxo‐3 H ‐indolizinium ion. A marked difference is observed in the behaviour of the geometric isomers of the keto esters. The diketones and E ‐keto ester carrying a 2‐pyridyl substituent and ketone functionality on the same side of the carbon‐carbon double bond exhibit an unusually high [M + 1] + /[M] +˙ ratio (about 2.5) under normal ionization conditions (pressure 10–100 μPa). This abnormality is a function of pressure only and independent of temperature. In the case of the Z‐keto ester, the corresponding malonate, 3‐ and 4‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐2,4‐pentanediones, and 2‐furyl, 2‐thienyl and phenyl diketone analogues, the ratio does not differ much from that due to the natural isotope abundance. Results for 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexadeuterio‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)‐methylene‐2,4‐pentanedione (strong M + 2 peak) suggest one mass unit transfer as an intermolecular proton shift from a methyl group to give a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐3 H ‐indolizinium ion. This real mass spectrometric phenomenon is a unique example of low pressure self‐chemical ionization.
Cardiac glycoside-like structure and function of 5.beta.,14.beta.-pregnanes (1989)

5 beta-Reduction and 14 beta-substitution convert the planar progesterone molecule to the cardiac glycoside configuration--A and D rings of the steroid moiety are bent toward the alpha-face relative to the B and C rings. Potency of the 5 beta,14 beta-derivative in a [3H]ouabain binding assay or its ability to inhibit the sodium pump in red blood cells is enhanced by 3 beta-hydroxylation, 20 beta-hydroxylation, and 3 beta-glycosidation. Synthesis of 14,20 beta-dihydroxy-3 beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)- 5 beta,14 beta-pregnane from digitoxin is described. The glucoside is 1/20 as potent as ouabain and elicits prominent, sustained, positive inotropy in isolated cardiac muscle.
Effect of nanoporous TiO2 coating and anodized Ca2+ modification of titanium surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation (2011)

Nano-topographical modification of smooth titanium surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by S. sanguinis and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of Ca2+. The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous TiO2, which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.
Subunit stoichiometry of retinal rod cGMP phosphodiesterase (1990)

The cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase of the retinal rod is composed of three distinct types of polypeptides: alpha (90 kDa), beta (86 kDa), and gamma (10 kDa). The gamma subunit has been shown to inhibit phosphodiesterase activity associated with alpha and beta. To investigate the subunit stoichiometry of the retinal phosphodiesterase, we have developed a panel of monoclonal and peptide antibodies that recognize individual phosphodiesterase subunits. By quantitative and immunochemical analysis of the purified subunits, we have shown that each phosphodiesterase molecule contains one copy each of alpha and beta subunit and two copies of gamma subunit. Moreover, gamma can be chemically cross-linked to both alpha and beta, but not to itself, suggesting that alpha and beta may each bind one gamma. The phosphodiesterase is fully activated when both copies of gamma were removed by proteolysis with trypsin. Upon recombination of the purified gamma subunit with the trypsin-activated phosphodiesterase containing alpha beta, the alpha beta gamma 2 stoichiometry is once again restored, with concomitant total inhibition of activity. Our results suggest that at least two activated transducin molecules are required to fully activate one molecule of phosphodiesterase in retinal rods.
Structural coverage of feasible code (2010)

Infeasible execution paths reduce the precision of structural testing coverage and limit the industrial applicability of structural testing criteria. In this paper, we propose a technique that combines static and dynamic analysis approaches to identify infeasible program elements that can be eliminated from the computation of structural coverage to obtain accurate coverage data. The main novelty of the approach stems from its ability to identify a relevant number of infeasible elements, that is, elements that belong statically to the code, but cannot be executed under any input condition. The technique can also generate new test cases that execute uncovered elements, thus increasing the structural coverage of the program. The experimental results obtained on a prototype implementation for computing accurate branch coverage and reported in this paper indicate that the technique can effectively improve structural coverage measurements and can thus increase the industrial applicability of complex structural coverage criteria.
Structure and Expression of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 (1997)

We isolated the cDNA encoding a novel member of the human fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family from the lung. The cDNA encodes a protein of 208 amino acids with high sequence homology (95.6%) to rat FGF-10, indicating that the protein is human FGF-10. Human FGF-10 as well as rat FGF-10 has a hydrophobic amino terminus ( approximately 40 amino acids), which may serve as a signal sequence. The apparent evolutionary relationships of human FGFs indicate that FGF-10 is closest to FGF-7. Chromosomal localization of the human FGF-10 gene was examined by in situ hybridization. The gene was found to map to the 5p12-p13 region. Human FGF-10 (amino acids 40 to 208 with a methionine residue at the amino terminus) was produced in Escherichia coli and purified from the cell lysate. Recombinant human FGF-10 (approximately 19 kDa) showed mitogenic activity for fetal rat keratinizing epidermal cells, but essentially no activity for NIH/3T3 cells, fibroblasts. The specificity of mitogenic activity of FGF-10 is similar to that of FGF-7 but distinct from that of bFGF. In structure and biological activity, FGF-10 is similar to FGF-7.
A motion control for a spherical robot with pendulum drive (2013)

Problems of controlling a spherical robot with pendulum drive are considered. A mathematical model of the dynamics of this robot is constructed and control laws in the form of state feedback that provide robot motion along a given trajectory are synthesized. Results of computer simulation that demonstrate efficiency of the proposed control laws are presented.
ICAM‐3, a ligand for DC‐SIGN, was duplicated from ICAM‐1 in mammalian evolution, but was lost in the rodent genome (2005)

ICAM-3 is a DC-SIGN ligand that is constitutively expressed on resting leukocytes, and is thus an important molecule for the first immune response. But, ICAM-3 has not been isolated form rodents. Thus, we compare the ICAM gene clusters in human, dog, mouse, and rat. ICAM-1, -4, -5 and -3 are located close to one another on the same chromosome and show genomic synteny in human and dog. Almost the same ICAM gene clusters were found in rodent genome, but only the ICAM-3 was not present. A phylogenetic tree plotting the cDNAs of human, dog, mouse, rat, and bovine suggested that ICAM-3 was made from a duplication of ICAM-1. Thus, ICAM-3 arose from ICAM-1 in the mammalian evolution, but was lost in the rodent's genome. Our study suggests the different immune response in the rodents in comparison with other mammals.
Important Variations in Parvalbumin Content in Common Fish Species: A Factor Possibly Contributing to Variable Allergenicity (2010)

The parvalbumin content of most commonly consumed fish species varies considerably. Differences range from severalfold to one hundredfold. This has to be taken into account when designing food challenge tests and advising fish-allergic patients.
Services and protocols of the physical layer (1983)

Among the more important new works on the Physical Layer are perhaps the CCITT Draft Recommendation X.211, Physical Layer Service Definition, and the emerging Physical Layer protocols of the ISDN's (Integrated Services Digital Networks). Discussed along with these new developments, which came in time after the definition of the OSI model, are some of the widely used classic older standards and specifications, such as X.21, V.24, and V.54, which do not always fit nicely within the model layers but which deal substantively with the Physical Layer. This paper starts with an overview of Physical Layer documents, continues with-a detailed discussion of architectural service specifications, and concludes with a discussion of related standards.
Media selection for high density recording channels (1993)

The implementation of high-density partial response channels in disk drives has been hampered by nonlinear interactions between transitions occurring in the write process. It is shown that the degree of nonlinearity is not characterized by the density relative to the isolated transition pulse width, but rather by the transition spacing in relation to the transition width. Factors that determine the transition width are examined. In particular, the potential gains from using low moment media are investigated. A nonlinear model of the disk channel is discussed. The dependence of partial response signaling on linear superposition is discussed. Eye patterns are shown revealing the effects of nonlinearities on a partial response system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Internal structure characterization of asphalt mixtures for rutting performance using imaging analysis (2012)

Characterization of the asphalt concrete microstructure using two-dimensional (2-D) imaging techniques is an economically efficient approach. However, the features that have been captured and quantified using 2-D imaging in most published research have been limited to simplistic analyses of aggregate structure. The present research focused on introducing a more elaborate method of characterization of internal structure, and proposing new indices to relate to and explain rutting resistance performance of asphalt mixtures. The aggregate internal structure provides the skeleton of the asphalt concrete, which plays an important role in rutting resistance. It is shown that this structure can be captured using a combination of image analysis indices developed in this research, namely: number of aggregate-on-aggregate contact points, contact length/area, and contact plane orientation. These parameters are defined for both the total aggregates and for the effective load bearing aggregate structure, referred to as the ‘skeleton’ in this study. Software developed in a previous study and significantly modified for this paper, is used to process digital images of a set of asphalt mixtures with different gradations, binder contents, types of modification, and compaction efforts. The results demonstrate a correlation between the internal structure indices and the mixture rutting performance. Additionally, the indices were successfully used to capture the effect of compaction effort, gradation quality, and binder modification on the mixture internal structure.
Enzymatic Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents (2003)

Abstract : We succeeded in completing our objectives for this research project. These accomplishments include the following: (a) synthesis and development of a flexible organophosphate substrate analog library for each of the stereoisomers of GB, GD, and VX. These compound have been utilized in the high throughput screening of mutant protein libraries; (b) site-directed mutagenesis of each amino acid within the active site of the bacterial phosphotriesterase; (c) development of mutagenic protocols for the efficient construction of protein libraries with altered catalytic properties; (d) development of high throughput spectrophotometric screens for characterization of individual mutant proteins derived from the enzyme libraries.
Hybrid Orbital Energy for Heterojunction Band Lineup (1986)

It is shown that the alignment of the hybrid orbital energy, E HO , is required at the heterojunction interfaces. The locations of E HO are tabulated for AlAs, GaP, GaAs, InP and InAs. The matching of E HO reproduces remarkably well the valence band discontinuity observed experimentally. An interpretation based on a simple thermodynamic consideration is given to explain why matching of E HO is required at the heterojunction interface, which involves inevitable formation of interface dipole as opposed to Tersoff's quantum dipole theory.
Personalization of Web Search Results Based on User Profiling (2008)

A system for re-ordering the search results to provide to the user results of more relevance to him with the help of his profile. This concept is called Personalization. These profiles can be created by collecting explicit data (which may be input directly by a user in the form of recommendation, comment or vote) and implicit data (based on the users browsing patterns). Data can be monitored locally at the client side or at the server level or some hybrid approach can be adopted. The open recommendation system facilitates the degree to which personalization of results is needed by the user. The system design also includes measures to maintain the privacy and security of the users by encrypting their profile information to counter the threats to the same. The system has been designed as an open ended one and leaves a scope for more ideas and designs to be incorporated some of which have been mentioned in the future works.
Resonance Raman Probes for Organelle-Specific Labeling in Live Cells (2016)

Raman microspectroscopy provides for high-resolution non-invasive molecular analysis of biological samples and has a breakthrough potential for dissection of cellular molecular composition at a single organelle level. However, the potential of Raman microspectroscopy can be fully realized only when novel types of molecular probes distinguishable in the Raman spectroscopy modality are developed for labeling of specific cellular domains to guide spectrochemical spatial imaging. Here we report on the design of a next generation Raman probe, based on BlackBerry Quencher 650 compound, which provides unprecedentedly high signal intensity through the Resonance Raman (RR) enhancement mechanism. Remarkably, RR enhancement occurs with low-toxic red light, which is close to maximum transparency in the biological optical window. The utility of proposed RR probes was validated for targeting lysosomes in live cultured cells, which enabled identification and subsequent monitoring of dynamic changes in this organelle by Raman imaging.
Topical 0.1% Tacrolimus for the Treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Pemphigus Erythematosus in Dogs (2004)

Topical 0.1% tacrolimus was used for treatment of localized lesions associated with 10 cases of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and two cases of pemphigus erythematosus (PE) either as a sole therapy (n=2) or as an adjunctive treatment (n=10). Eight of 10 dogs with DLE and both dogs with PE were improved following 8 weeks of topical application. In six of the eight dogs that improved, other medications were discontinued. No adverse effects in clinical or laboratory parameters were noted throughout the study.
Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-rich products (1994)

The present report describes the biological effects associated with the feeding of three selenium-rich natural products in rats: high-selenium garlic, high-selenium onion and Brazil nut. The first two are experimental crops cultivated with selenium fertilization. Brazil nut is probably the only unadulterated high-selenium food that is available commercially. Tissue selenium profiles, liver glutathione concentrations and mammary cancer inhibition (in the dimethylbenz[a] anthracene model) were the endpoints of investigation. Parallel designs were set up to compare the three high-selenium products with selenite and selenomethionine. Previous studies have shown that treatment with seleno-methionine resulted in significantly greater tissue selenium accumulation, particularly in skeletal muscle, than treatment with selenite. In contrast, selenite, but not selenomethionine, induced a modest increase in liver glutathione concentrations. The objective was to determine whether the high-selenium natural products elicited responses that were similar to that of selenite or selenomethionine. Our experiments suggested that the high-selenium garlic and onion might have some unique attributes. First, their ingestion did not lead to an exaggerated accumulation of tissue selenium, a concern that was shared by both selenomethionine and Brazil nut. Second, unlike selenite, they did not cause any perturbation in glutathione homeostasis. Third, they expressed good anticancer activity that was equal to, if not better than, that of selenite. The chemical form(s) of selenium present in the high-selenium Allium vegetables will be discussed in relation to the manifestation of the above characteristics.