gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparative nonlytic separation of Lyt2<sup>+</sup> and Lyt2<sup>−</sup> T lymphocytes, functional analyses of the separated cells and demonstration of synergy in graft‐vs.‐host reaction of Lyt2<sup>+</sup> and Lyt2<sup>−</sup> cells (1981)

A convenient, preparative scale, nonlytic separation of mouse T lymphocytes into Lyt2.2+ and Lyt2.2- populations is reported. Immunoglobulin-negative (Ig-) spleen cells, Ig- lymph node cells, and peanut lectin-unagglutinated (PNA-) thymocytes were incubated under sterile conditions at 0 degree C with monoclonal mouse antibody to the Lyt2.2 T cell differentiation antigen. The antibody-treated cells were washed and placed in polystyrene tissue culture dishes that had been precoated with antibody to mouse Ig. Nonadherent populations were depleted to Lyt2.2+ cells and were essentially devoid of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp), but contained helper activity for in vivo T-dependent IgM, IgG and IgA antibody formation. Adherent cell populations were enriched for Lyt2.2+ cells and for CTLp. The graft-vs.-host activity of the separated, adherent (Lyt2.2+) and nonadherent (Lyt2.2-) cells in the Simonsen spleen assay in neonatal (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 mice was less than of unfractionated cells, but the activity of remixed Lyt2.2+ plus Lyt2.2- cells was higher than the sum of the contributions of these cells tested separately, and equal to that of the unfractionated cells. PNA- thymocytes were also separated into Ly2.2+ and Lyt2.2- populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Nonlytic separation allows the recovery of the Lyt1+2+ population, which is lost in cytotoxic elimination experiments. Under the conditions described for the plate separation, the purity of the separated cells and recovery of activity approaches that of cells separated by sorting. Therefore, the plate separation offers a convenient alternative to fluorescence-activated cell sorting when large numbers (i.e. up to 5 x 10(7) positively selected cells) are needed, as in studies of in vivo cell-mediated immune reactions.
Cell mechanics control rapid transitions between blebs and lamellipodia during migration (2012)

Protrusion formation is an essential step during cell migration. Cells migrating in three-dimensional environments and in vivo can form a wide variety of protrusion types, including actin polymerization-driven lamellipodia, and contractility-driven blebs. The ability to switch between different protrusions has been proposed to facilitate motility in complex environments and to promote cancer dissemination. However, plasticity in protrusion formation has so far mostly been investigated in the context of transitions between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration modes, which involve substantial changes in overall cell morphology. As a result, the minimal requirements of transitions between blebs and lamellipodia, as well as the time scales on which they occur, remain unknown. To address these questions, we investigated protrusion switching during cell migration at the single cell level. Using cells that can be induced to form either blebs or lamellipodia, we systematically assessed the mechanical requirements, as well as the dynamics, of switching between protrusion types. We demonstrate that shifting the balance between actin protrusivity and actomyosin contractility leads to immediate transitions between blebs and lamellipodia in migrating cells. Switching occurred without changes in global cell shape, polarity, or cell adhesion. Furthermore, rapid transitions between blebs and lamellipodia could also be triggered upon changes in substrate adhesion during migration on micropatterned surfaces. Together, our data reveal that the type of protrusion formed by migrating cells can be dynamically controlled independently of overall cell morphology, suggesting that protrusion formation is an autonomous module in the regulatory network that controls the plasticity of cell migration.
A new SRAM cell design using 0.35 μm CMOS/SIMOX technology (2002)

In SOI/CMOS devices, it is known that the integration density and the circuit performance can be improved using a layout of abutted n/sup +/ and p/sup +/ drain regions. Utilizing these advantages in the SOI technology, we have designed a new 6-T memory cell and have developed a 128 Kb synchronous SRAM macro (SOI-SRAM) by 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS/SIMOX technology. The SOI-SRAM performance is compared with the reference SRAM macro (REF-SRAM) which is designed with the bulk CMOS memory cell layout.
Three-dimensional image reconstruction for time-domain fluorescence molecular tomography based on generalized pulse spectrum technique (2007)

A linear generalized pulse spectrum technique for image reconstruction of fluorescence molecular tomography is proposed. The algorithm employs a finite element method solution to the Laplace-transformed coupled diffusion equations and can simultaneously reconstruct both fluorescent yield and lifetime images of fluorophores. The proposed algorithm was validated using simulated data for 3D phantoms. We investigated the ability of the algorithm to reconstruct the fluorescent yield and lifetime at different region, contrasted the imaging quality of different target lifetime and proved the noise-robustness by using noisy data with different signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that the approach accurately retrieves the position and shape of the target and prove the effectiveness of the methodology.
Inhibition of Chemokine Expression by Adenovirus Early Region Three (E3) Genes (2002)

Adenoviruses (Ad) have a variety of immunoregulatory genes, many of which are clustered in a 3.5-kb segment of DNA known as early region 3 (E3). Ad E3 codes for proteins that downregulate surface expression of class I major histocompatibility antigens and also inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and Fas-induced cytolysis. We were interested in determining whether chemokine production or activity might also be inhibited by Ad E3 and we have studied this function in a human astrocytoma cell line, U373. Astrocytes constitute a part of the blood-brain barrier, and chemokines (IP-10, IL-8, MCP-1-4, and MIPs) expressed by them may contribute to leukocyte infiltration within the brain during inflammation. When U373 cells are activated by the proinflammatory molecule TNF-alpha, the increase in chemokine MCP-1, IL-8, and IP-10 transcripts is blocked by a recombinant Ad expressing the E3 genes under cytomegalovirus promoter control. Comparable Ads expressing green fluorescent protein in place of E3 have no effect on these chemokines. Ads also have been extensively studied as gene therapy vectors and most have a deletion of the E3 region to permit the insertion of larger fragments of foreign DNA. Our results suggest that construction of Ad vectors to include E3 expression cassettes will improve the efficacy and safety of such viral-based gene therapy protocols.
Safety, Tolerability, and Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Iloperidone (HP 873), a Potential Atypical Antipsychotic (1995)

Iloperidone (HP 873) is a D2 and 5-HT2 receptor-antagonist that is under development as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent. Two studies on iloperidone evaluated its safety and tolerability, made a preliminary pharmacokinetic assessment of single 3- and 5-mg doses, and determined the effect of food on its tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers after single 3-mg doses. Iloperidone was well absorbed orally in fasted subjects. The Cmax occurred approximately 2 to 3 hours after administration of a single 3- or 5-mg dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters increased with the dose between 3 and 5 mg (from 2.2 to 5.2 ng/mL for Cmax, and 16 to 50 ng/mL.h for AUC). Iloperidone was eliminated slowly, with a mean t1/2 of 13.5 to 14.0 hours. Coadministration with food did not significantly affect AUC, tmax, or Cmax. These results indicate that the rate of iloperidone's absorption is decreased, but the overall bioavailability is unchanged, when the drug is taken with food. Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and somnolence were the most commonly reported adverse events. Coadministration of food reduced the incidence and severity of these events.
Gaussian mixture selection using context-independent HMM (2002)

We address a method to efficiently select Gaussian mixtures for fast acoustic likelihood computation. It makes use of context-independent models for selection and back-off of corresponding triphone models. Specifically, for the k-best phone models by the preliminary evaluation, triphone models of higher resolution are applied, and others are assigned likelihoods with the monophone models. This selection scheme assigns more reliable back-off likelihoods to the un-selected states than the conventional Gaussian selection based on a VQ codebook. It can also incorporate efficient Gaussian pruning at the preliminary evaluation, which offsets the increased size of the pre-selection model. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves comparable performance as the standard Gaussian selection, and performs much better under aggressive pruning condition. Together with the phonetic tied-mixture modeling, acoustic matching cost is reduced to almost 14% with little loss of accuracy.
Surface-sandwich segregation on nondilute bimetallic alloys:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pt</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>50</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>50</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pt</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>78</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>22</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>probed by low-energy electron diffraction (1985)

A short-wave large-amplitude compositional oscillation versus depth at the (111) surface of ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{50}$ and ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{78}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{22}$ alloys is observed by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). In the LEED calculation, the substitutional disorder of the alloys is successfully mimicked by the averaged t-matrix approximation. The occurrence of a well-developed Pt-Ni surface sandwich on top of the Pt-Ni alloys is interesting in view of the chemisorptive and catalytic properties of these alloys.
Synthesis and Complexation Ability of a Novel Bis- (guanidinium)-tetrakis-(β-cyclodextrin) Dendrimeric Tetrapod as a Potential Gene Delivery (DNA and siRNA) System. Study of Cellular siRNA Transfection (2008)

The facile synthesis of a novel bis-(guanidinium)-tetrakis-(beta-cyclodextrin) tetrapod, the first example of a new host family, was described, and the ability of the cyclodextrin CyD tetrapod to form molecular association with siRNA and DNA guest molecules was demonstrated. Affinity capillary electrophoresis was used to determine the binding constant with the evaluation of the shift in the electrophoretic mobility mu of injected siRNA when various CyD tetrapod concentrations were added to the run buffer. A significant association constant (K(a) =16,000 M(-1)) was obtained with borate buffer when double-stranded siRNA was primarily opened with the help of temperature. An efficient cellular transfection of siRNA into human embryonic lung fibroblasts was observed by fluorescence microscopy.
Incongruent Expression Profiles between Human and Mouse Orthologous Genes Suggest Widespread Neutral Evolution of Transcription Control (2004)

Rapid rates of evolution can signify either a lack of selective constraint and the consequent accumulation of neutral alleles, or positive Darwinian selection driving the fixation of advantageous alleles. Based on a comparison of 1,350 orthologous gene pairs from human and mouse, we show that the evolution of gene expression profiles is so rapid that it is comparable to that of paralogous gene pairs or randomly paired genes. The expression divergence in the entire set of orthologous pairs neither strongly correlates with sequence divergence, nor focuses in any particular tissue. Moreover, comparing tissue expressions across the orthologous gene pairs, we observe that any human tissue is more similar to any other human tissue examined than to its corresponding mouse tissue. Collectively, these results indicate that, while some differences in expression profiles may be due to adaptive evolution, the levels of divergence are mostly compatible with a neutral mode of evolution, in which a mutation for ectopic expression may rise to fixation by random drift without significantly affecting the fitness. A disturbing corollary of these findings is that knowledge of where the gene is expressed may not carry information about its function.
Selective production of alkenes and alcohols on cobalt catalysts in the liquid phase (1985)

Syngas (CO-H2, 1:1) conversion on a Ziegler-type cobalt slurry in the liquid phase produces under pressure with good activity a narrow range of light hydrocarbons, essentially alkenes, as well as oxygenated compounds, mainly alcohols in the C1–C4 range.
Real time auto-focus algorithm for eye gaze tracking system (2007)

An eye tracking method and an automatic focusing algorithm is proposed to acquire clear eye images in the eye- gaze tracking system. The aperture of CCD lens is controlled to adapt the system to external lighting circumstances based of the average brightness values of the processed images. A SMD operator is used for focusing roughly and quickly in a large scale for obtaining the eye glints to control a pan-tilt unit for eye aiming and eye tracking, and regulating the focus of the lens. The FSWM operator is applied in the determined window to focus automatically for clear images. If the pupil can be extracted from the image, the average gradient of the edge points can be used for real-time focusing. Experiments show that this system can track the eye and acquire clear eye images in real-time.
Role of Policosanols in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease (2003)

Policosanols are a mixture of aliphatic alcohols derived from purified sugar cane. When administered at 5 to 20 mg/day, policosanols have been shown to decrease the risk of atheroma formation by reducing platelet aggregation, endothelial damage, and foam cell formation in animals. Additionally, policosanols have been shown to lower total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 13 to 23% and 19 to 31%, respectively, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from 8 to 29%. Policosanols are thought to improve lipid profiles by reducing hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis while enhancing LDL clearance. When compared with statins, policosanols exhibit comparable cholesterol-lowering effects at much smaller doses. The mixture is well tolerated when administered to animals; however, a more precise safety profile is needed for humans. In summary, policosanols are a promising resource in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but these results need to be confirmed in independent laboratories.
A microwave instrument for the continuous monitoring of the water content of crude oil (1974)

Since the effective permittivities of water and oil differ by an order of magnitude, it is shown that it is possible to measure their relative concentrations in crude oil by measuring the effective permittivities of the mixture at microwave frequencies. Dielectric mixture theory is used to show the relationship between the permittivity and the relative concentrations of two materials in a mixture. It is shown that equivalent results are obtained for the case of small concentrations of water in oil by using a perturbation theory analysis for a liquid cylindrical sample flowing through a resonant cavity. Results are presented for a sample enclosed in a thin-walled Pyrex tube with measurements taken for water concentrations in oil of 0-10 percent by volume. A practical instrument is described which uses a comparative technique for continuously comparing two samples of oil, one "dry" and one "Wet." Results show that this type of instrumentation can obtain sensitivities of 0.05-percent water content. The instrument is very simple, and has an output that can be readily adapted to automatic control applications.
Die Physiologie der Zeugung des Menschen (1950)

The first two editions of this book were published in 1934 and 1935 respectively, and they were popular. In fact, the book was translated into English and Spanish. At the present time, English, Spanish, Italian and French translations are being prepared of this edition. The author deals with procreation both in animals and in humans. The major portion of the book is devoted to the periodicity of the menstrual cycle and to ovulation. The author discusses 15 different methods of attempting to determine the exact time of ovulation in women. From his own extensive studies and the many reports in English, French and American literature, he states there is general agreement that ovulation occurs physiologically on the fifteenth day before menstruation. The Knaus-Ogino rhythm method of contraception is universally known. Knaus insists that the only possible way a woman can determine the exact day of ovulation in every menstrual cycle
1.58 µm band fluoride-basedEr <sup>3+</sup> -doped fibre amplifier for WDMtransmission systems (1997)

An Er3+-doped fluoride-based fibre amplifier (F-EDFA) with flat amplification characteristics in the range 1565–1600 nm was constructed for the first time. This provided a 5 nm wider flat amplification range than a silica-based Er3+-doped fibre amplifier (S-EDFA). A flattened signal gain of 30 dB was achieved with a gain excursion of 0.9 dB for a WDM signal in this wavelength range. The Er3+-doped fluoride fibre (F-EDF) which achieved a signal gain of over 30 dB without any noise figure degradation had a shorter optimum length than Er3+-doped silica fibre (S-EDF). Furthermore, F-EDF extended the amplification wavelength in the longer wavelength range by 2 nm compared with S-EDF.
A Fast and Stable Method for Detecting and Tracking Medical Organs in MRI Sequences (1999)

Introduction The analysis of medical organization through Magnetic Resonance Imaging is one of the recent noninvasive techniques developed to understand and model the human head or the heart structure. Clinical MRI studies include analysis for a large number of images from which qualitative information can be obtained by viewing the images in some sequences. Many applications in medical image processing rely on the reliable definition of object contours[1]. If done manually, this can be tedious and time-consuming. A fast and robust automated system is required for the contour extraction. This letter presents a central element of an image processing system, capable of detecting and tracking deformable contours in large MRI image sequences. Solutions should be presented to avoid undesirable deformation effects, like shrinking and vertex clustering, which are common in existing active contour models. Eviatar et al. [2] proposed an equilibrium term to prevent the snake from collapsing to a single point. The internal force enforces
Parallel writing by local oxidation nanolithography with submicrometer resolution (2003)

We demonstrate that the process of local oxidation of surfaces by atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be upscaled in a straightforward way by using a solid support with multiple protrusions as the cathode electrode. A metallized digital video disk DVD polymeric support has been used as a stamp to generate an array of features of variable length and 100 nm in width on a silicon surface covering a 5×6 mm2 region. The parallel patterning process involves the formation of as many liquid bridges as there are protrusions in the stamp. The growth rate of the parallel local oxides is slightly smaller than the one obtained by AFM experiments. Nonetheless, results from AFM local oxidation experiments can be readily extended to parallel oxidation which in turn opens the possibility of patterning centimeter-square regions with 10 nm motives.
Interleukin-8—An Early Marker for Bacterial Infection (2000)

The cytokine network is activated in the pathogenetic mechanisms of septic diseases. We measured serum concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in 152 patients with septic syndrome and 25 control subjects. IL-8 concentration in patients with septic syndrome was significantly (P<.05) higher than in controls. Serum IL-8 concentration was assayed prospectively in 6 patients undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia. Increased IL-8 concentration preceded onset of fever and elevation of C-reactive protein by 1 day. Human peripheral whole blood cells were stimulated with phorbol 12–myristate 13–acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or lipoteichoic acid. IL-8 mRNA expression was detected 10 minutes after PMA or LPS exposure, and IL-8 was secreted into culture media 3 hours after exposure. These data suggest that IL-8 is a useful early indicator of bacterial infection.
Studies on Diacetyl in Beer (1952)

(1952). Studies on Diacetyl in Beer. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 10, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1952, pp. 81-88.
Content-based processing and analysis of endoscopic images and videos: A survey (2017)

In recent years, digital endoscopy has established as key technology for medical screenings and minimally invasive surgery. Since then, various research communities with manifold backgrounds have picked up on the idea of processing and automatically analyzing the inherently available video signal that is produced by the endoscopic camera. Proposed works mainly include image processing techniques, pattern recognition, machine learning methods and Computer Vision algorithms. While most contributions deal with real-time assistance at procedure time, the post-procedural processing of recorded videos is still in its infancy. Many post-processing problems are based on typical Multimedia methods like indexing, retrieval, summarization and video interaction, but have only been sparsely addressed so far for this domain. The goals of this survey are (1) to introduce this research field to a broader audience in the Multimedia community to stimulate further research, (2) to describe domain-specific characteristics of endoscopic videos that need to be addressed in a pre-processing step, and (3) to systematically bring together the very diverse research results for the first time to provide a broader overview of related research that is currently not perceived as belonging together.