gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light scatter and cell surface properties of murine megakaryocyte progenitor cells. (1987)

The characteristics with respect to light scatter and cell surface properties of megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-Meg), growing in serum-free agar cultures, have been determined. Mouse bone marrow cells were fractionated using a light-activated cell sorter (FACS) either on the basis of light scatter or after staining with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled lectin or monoclonal antibody. After staining and sorting, the recovery of CFU-Meg was about 50%. In the unsorted controls 29 +/- 2 CFU-Meg/10(5) cells were observed. The forward (FLS) and perpendicular (PLS) light scatter intensities of CFU-Meg were very similar to those of spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-S) and early progenitor cells. The average diameter of the CFU-Meg as determined by the FLS intensity profile was about 7.5 microns. Wheat germ agglutinin binding of CFU-Meg was high, indicating a high sialic acid content of the cell surface. Expression of the differentiation antigen Pgp-1 on the CFU-Meg as determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the rat monoclonal antibody I42/5.1 was moderate. Pgp-1 expression was lower than the Pgp-1 expression of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-C) or granulocytes. It is concluded that the light scatter and cell surface properties of CFU-Meg are similar to those of CFU-S and early committed progenitors.
Evaluation of a rapid radiometric differentiation test for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by selective inhibition with p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone (1984)

This study is an evaluation of a rapid technique for the differentiation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from other mycobacteria, using p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta- hydroxypropiophenone (NAP) as a selective inhibitory agent. A total of 416 coded cultures, 234 cultures belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex and 182 cultures belonging to 35 other mycobacterial species, were tested in two laboratories for p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta- hydroxypropiophenone inhibition to concentrations of 5 and 10 micrograms of NAP per ml in Middlebrook 7H12 liquid medium. Two testing modes were compared: the indirect, in which a large bacterial inoculum was used from an isolated culture on a solid medium, and the direct, which used a small inoculum from 7H12 medium. A decrease or no increase in daily 14CO2 output as measured by a BACTEC system was considered evidence of inhibition. The data presented show that a concentration of 5 micrograms of NAP per ml can effectively separate the M. tuberculosis complex from other mycobacterial species in 4 to 6 days. The direct test data show that, unlike other conventional biochemical tests, it does not require a heavy inoculum of mycobacteria and can therefore be performed soon after growth is detected by the radiometric method.
PROBING THE TRATIS OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE (2011)

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role during cancer invasion and metastasis [1, 2]. In this paper, we present a microfluidic device that can facilitate probing the traits of EMT in micrometer-scale environments. Furthermore, we show that epithelial cancer cells can grow to a tumor spheroid in the device, acquire properties of mesenchymal cells, and have an increased ability of migration, comparing with native cancer cells. The microfluidic device requires no external pumping systems yet being pipette-friendly in usage.
Epistemología, controversias y pragmática (1995)

En este artículo quiero presentar y defender la tesis de que el impasse en que se encuentran la epistemología y la historia de la ciencia desde hace un par de décadas se debe en gran parte, o bien a la total ignorancia. o bien al tratamiento equivocado del rol jugado por las controversias científicas en la evolución de la ciencia. Para hacerlo, tendré que empezar por una aclaración preliminar del impasse a que me refiero (sección 1). Luego, explicaré por qué veo en el estudio de las controversias científicas una pieza fundamental para solucionarlo (sección 2), identificaré la posición de díchas controversias en el seno del conjunto de los fenómenos empíricos del tipo 'discurso polémico' (sección 3) e indicaré las propiedades de tales controversias que explican su rol potencial para solventar el impasse (sección 4). Pasaré enseguida a mostrar el modo en que las opciones epistemológicas existentes son incapaces de tratar las controversias de manera satisfactoria, lo que explica su incapacidad para resolver el impasse (sección S). Más adelante expondré un desideratum esencial para resolver ese impasse (sección 6), e indicaré de qué manera cabe satisfacerlo empleando la pragmática como instrumento y como modelo (sección 7). Lo que se me antojó, en un principio, un artículo relativamente corto, se ha ido transformando progresivamente en un texto complejo y extenso, más digno de un ensayo. He tratado de acortarlo, reduciéndolo a lo esencial. De ahí que algunas afirmaciones puedan parecer dogmáticas e insuficientemente fundamentadas. Espero cumplir con el onus probando que me compete llevar a cabo en el prometido ensayo. Pero no quise dejar de publicar su esbozo en estas reflexiones, para poder - cuando menos así lo espero- beneficiarme de la crítica.
On the mapping capabilities of fuzzy inference systems (2003)

It is demonstrated that fuzzy inference systems can be used effectively for function approximation. A class of fuzzy inference systems under consideration has the characteristic that the output fuzzy set of every fuzzy logical rule is a singleton. It is shown that the class of fuzzy inference systems suggested is capable of approximating any real continuous function to any desired degree of accuracy, provided sufficient fuzzy logical rules are available. To investigate a direct application of results, the relationships between these fuzzy inference systems and multilayer neural networks are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The autonomic nervous system and behaviour. (1991)

This short paper reviews what is known about the autonomic responses that accompany stressful type behaviour and provides a description of the neural mechanisms which integrate the autonomic and somatic motor activities during such behaviour. First, I briefly summarise what is known about the mechanisms which normally regulate autonomic outflow. Then, I compare the neural sites responsible for eliciting behavioral responses. Next, I show how these behavioural and autonomic responses are evoked in parallel during stressful behaviour. Finally, I describe one example of how normal homeostatic mechanisms are overridden during the stressful behaviour pattern. Many of these topics have recently been reviewed in detail. Since much of the experimental work has been done on experimental animals, either anaesthetized or awake, it is important to keep in mind that their responses may not always be the same as those evoked in humans, so I also refer to what we know in human subjects.
The fast Fourier transform recursive equations for arbitrary length records (1967)

where Sr(a), S,(b), Sr'(a) and S,'(b) stand for the sum of all possible combinations of r factors taken at a time from the sequence of numbers q ql qa2 gar; bl b2 br 1-bl l-b2 1-ba 1-a2 I-ar q ,q ,*... yq ;q,q yq ,** ..,q and qll, q )2... qrrespectively,we can sum up both the series on the right-hand side of (4.6) and obtain (ar)Z =-M [1 qN?l][q(a,) N + 1] rT4r -q 1+(b,)j -N [z 11[ql1+(br); Nl (8) [1 qM?l][q (br); M + 2] q(M+2)[r+Z(br)-Z(a,) [qr+Z(tbr)-(ar) z] x [ql (ar); M + l]zM+l
The Physiology and Pharmacology of Spinal Opiates (1985)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment (2014)

Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction following stroke diagnosis are common symptoms that significantly affect the survivors' quality of life. Stroke patients have a high potential to develop dementia within the first year of stroke onset. Currently, efforts are being exerted to assess stroke effects on the brain, particularly in the early stages. Numerous neuropsychological assessments are being used to evaluate and differentiate cognitive impairment and dementia following stroke. This article focuses on the role of available neuropsychological assessments in detection of dementia and memory loss after stroke. This review starts with stroke types and risk factors associated with dementia development, followed by a brief description of stroke diagnosis criteria and the effects of stroke on the brain that lead to cognitive impairment and end with memory loss. This review aims to combine available neuropsychological assessments to develop a post-stroke memory assessment (PSMA) scheme based on the most recognized and available studies. The proposed PSMA is expected to assess different types of memory functionalities that are related to different parts of the brain according to stroke location. An optimal therapeutic program that would help stroke patients enjoy additional years with higher quality of life is presented.
Chemical behaviour of cytidine 5′‐monophospho‐<i>N</i>‐acetyl‐β‐<scp>d</scp>‐neuraminic acid under neutral and alkaline conditions (1984)

The chemical behaviour of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid under neutral and different alkaline conditions has been investigated. The products formed were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration and analysed by colorimetric methods, thin-layer chromatography, combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and/or 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A maximum stability of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid was observed at pH8-11. In the tested pH range of 6-13, CMP and N-acetylneuraminic acid were formed in variable amounts as decomposition products. 2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid was produced at pH greater than 7; the amount of this substance increased with increasing pH. In anhydrous triethylamine its yield was 50%. A new neuraminic acid derivative, N-acetyl-beta-D-neuraminic acid 2-phosphate, could be isolated from the mixture of alkaline decomposition products of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The yield of this compound was maximum 22% in anhydrous triethylamine. Because 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid was formed under simulated physiological conditions, it is assumed that this compound, which occurs in tissues and fluids of man and animals, is derived from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid non-enzymically also under conditions in vivo.
Rapid detection of bacterial contamination in cell or tissue cultures based on Raman spectroscopy (2008)

Monitoring the sterility of cell or tissue cultures is an essential task, particularly in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering when implanting cells into the human body. We present a system based on a commercially available microscope equipped with a microfluidic cell that prepares the particles found in the solution for analysis, a Raman-spectrometer attachment optimized for non-destructive, rapid recording of Raman spectra, and a data acquisition and analysis tool for identification of the particles. In contrast to conventional sterility testing in which samples are incubated over weeks, our system is able to analyze milliliters of supernatant or cell suspension within hours by filtering relevant particles and placing them on a Raman-friendly substrate in the microfluidic cell. Identification of critical particles via microscopic imaging and subsequent image analysis is carried out before micro-Raman analysis of those particles is then carried out with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The potential of this setup is demonstrated by results of artificial contamination of samples with a pool of bacteria, fungi, and spores: single-channel spectra of the critical particles are automatically baseline-corrected without using background data and classified via hierarchical cluster analysis, showing great promise for accurate and rapid detection and identification of contaminants.
Heteroepitaxy of CdTe on {211} Si using crystallized amorphous ZnTe templates (1996)

CdTe films were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on As-passivated nominal {211} Si substrates using thin interfacial ZnTe buffer layers. ZnTe layers were grown by the following two growth methods: (1) migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE) directly on Si and (2) MEE on 80 Å templates of crystallized amorphous ZnTe buffers deposited directly on Si. CdTe films thicker than 8 μm had threading dislocation densities in the range of 2.5 to 4×106 cm−2 and 1 to 2×106 cm−2 for methods (1) and (2), respectively. Double crystal x-ray rocking curve peak widths decreased from 550 to 120 arcsec as CdTe film thickness increased from 3 μm to 9 μm for samples grown by method (1), and for samples grown by method (2), peak widths decreased from 300 to 84 arcsec in the same thickness range. CdTe film grown on vicinal {211} Si substrates misoriented by 5° toward [111] with ZnTe buffer layer prepared by method (2) had a dislocation density of 8×105 cm−2 and an x-ray peak width of 72 arcsec.
Transgenic Overexpression of Interleukin (IL)-10 in the Lung Causes Mucus Metaplasia, Tissue Inflammation, and Airway Remodeling via IL-13-dependent and -independent Pathways (2002)

To address the complex chronic effector properties of interleukin (IL)-10, we generated transgenic mice in which IL-10 was overexpressed in the lung. In these mice, IL-10 inhibited endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor production and neutrophil accumulation. IL-10 also caused mucus metaplasia, B and T cell-rich inflammation, and subepithelial fibrosis and augmented the levels of mRNA encoding Gob-5, mucins, and IL-13. In mice bred to have null mutations of IL-13, IL-4R(alpha), or STAT-6, transgenic IL-10 did not induce mucus metaplasia but did induce inflammation and fibrosis. IL-10 was also a critical mucin regulator of virus-induced mucus metaplasia. Thus, IL-10, although inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, also causes mucus metaplasia, tissue inflammation, and airway fibrosis. These responses are mediated by multiple mechanisms with mucus metaplasia being dependent on and the inflammation and fibrosis being independent of an IL-13/IL-4R(alpha)/STAT-6 activation pathway.
Simplified methods for measuring cholesterol concentrations of high-density lipoprotein subclasses in serum compared. (1986)

We used a combination of heparin micro-affinity column chromatography and heparin-Mn2+/dextran sulfate (DS) precipitation procedures to measure directly the total high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol in serum. The value for HDL2-cholesterol was obtained by subtracting the value for HDL3-cholesterol from that for total HDL-cholesterol. Results of this methodology and of the original heparin-Mn2+/DS double-precipitation method were compared with those of preparative ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol by the original double-precipitation method were respectively 26 and 33 mg/L lower than by the ultracentrifugation method (p less than 0.001). Corresponding values by the micro-affinity/precipitation method were 36 and 29 mg/L higher than by the ultracentrifugation method (p less than 0.001). The values for HDL3-cholesterol by ultracentrifugation and by precipitation differed only by 7 mg/L (p greater than 0.05). Micro-affinity/precipitation and double-precipitation results both correlated well with those by ultracentrifugation (r = 0.84 to 0.94); the y-intercept of the comparison with the micro-affinity/precipitation method was close to zero. Use of the micro-affinity/precipitation method with samples from black or white adolescents showed that the blacks had higher concentrations of HDL2-(p less than 0.01) and HDL3-cholesterol (p less than 0.02) than did the whites.
Topical treatment of mild to moderate plaque psoriasis with 0·3% tacrolimus gel and 0·5% tacrolimus cream: the effect on SUM score, epidermal proliferation, keratinization, T-cell subsets and HLA-DR expression (2008)

Calcipotriol and tacrolimus gel are comparable in reducing the SUM score, the number of Ki67-positive cells and T-cell subsets and HLA-DR expression, although calcipotriol induces a more substantial improvement of keratinization.
Phylogenetic analysis of human parvovirus B19, indicating two subgroups of genotype 1 in Vietnamese patients (2006)

Recently, three distinct genotypes (1, 2 and 3) of human parvovirus B19 (B19) have been identified. However, the characteristics and distribution of B19 genotypes in Vietnam have not been investigated. Phylogenetic analysis using 49 subgenomic NS1/VP1u regions and two coding NS1-VP1/VP2 regions has been applied to investigate the prevalence of B19 genotypes in Vietnamese patients co-infected with Hepatitis B virus. Genetic analysis of the subgenomic NS1/VP1u region of B19 revealed that two genotypes of B19 were identified in these populations, with predominance of genotype 1 (47/49, 96 %) followed by genotype 2 (2/49, 4 %), but not genotype 3. Further, phylogenetic analysis of subgenomic B19 genomes revealed two major subgroups within genotype 1 (B19-1A and B19-1B) with an estimated nucleotide difference of >5 % between each subgroup, forming different branches. The mean percentage of amino acid variation between subgroup B19-1A and B19-1B was >2 % of the NS1, VP1 and VP2 proteins. Our results indicated that two of the three known genotypes of B19 were present in Vietnamese patients, with genotype 1 predominating, and that this genotype can be classified into at least two subgroups, B19-1A and B19-1B.
Spectroscopic Techniques in Cultural Heritage Conservation: A Survey (2005)

Abstract This review describes the application of selected spectroscopic techniques to the world of cultural heritage conservation. In recent times, science and technology have been applied to the world of cultural heritage, conservation and preservation. In this field, spectroscopic techniques represent one of the most powerful tools to investigate the structure of all the materials constituting the “cultural object.” In particular, this survey will consider the “status of art” in the field of some important spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of the following works of art: easel paintings, paper and ink artifacts, stone monuments and wall paintings, and archaeological ceramics. The spectroscopic techniques that have been used and will be reviewed are Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and also coupled with the microscope, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, proton‐induced X‐ray emission spectroscopy, ultraviolet, visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy.
Membranes and muscle : proceedings of an international symposium, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa, March 18-21, 1985 (1985)

Preface Introduction Acknowledgements Plasmalemma Regulation Mitochondria Sarcoplasmic reticulum Muscle membrane and disease Concluding remarks
Analysis of DNA microarrays using algorithms that employ rule-based expert knowledge (2002)

The ability to investigate the transcription of thousands of genes concurrently by using DNA microarrays offers both major scientific opportunities and significant analytical challenges. Here we describe GABRIEL, a rule-based system of computer programs designed to apply domain-specific and procedural knowledge systematically and uniformly for the analysis and interpretation of data from DNA microarrays. GABRIEL'S problem-solving rules direct stereotypical tasks, whereas domain-specific knowledge pertains to gene functions and relationships or to experimental conditions. Additionally, GABRIEL can learn novel rules through genetic algorithms, which define patterns that best match the data being analyzed and can identify groupings in gene expression profiles preordered by chromosomal position or by a nonsupervised algorithm such as hierarchical clustering. GABRIEL subsystems explain the logic that underlies conclusions and provide a graphical interface and interactive platform for the acquisition of new knowledge. The present report compares GABRIEL'S output with published findings in which expert knowledge has been applied post hoc to microarray groupings generated by hierarchical clustering.
Giant Oil and Gas Fields in United States (1968)

The great importance of the major or giant oil and gas fields of the United States to the economy and strength of both the petroleum industry and the nation cannot be overemphasized. Such oil fields provided 50.7 percent of the United States production in 1966. It is estimated that they will yield almost 58 percent of the country's ultimate oil production and that they contain approximately 57 percent of the nation's crude reserves. Accompanying this paper are 26 figures and 2 tables which give pertinent data on the 259 oil and 47 gas giants found in the United States. An important fact shown by these charts and tables is that the rate of discovery of new giant fields is declining steadily in nearly all regions of the country. Most of the major fields were discovered by deliberate exploration for structural traps. Some structural tests found, usually by accident, other subtle stratigraphic or paleogeomorphic accumulations. Although only few such accumulations have been found--most of them accidentally--the rate of discovery of stratigraphic and paleogeomorphic traps has been relatively persistent through the years. This persistent though accidental discovery rate indicates that many more such accumulations must be present throughout the country. If exploration is to succeed in finding new reserves for even the near future, geologists and management will have to place a greater emphasis on the search for the subtle traps with large accumulations. The requirements to find these large reservoirs are (1) the focusing of exploratory thinking on the geologic conditions under which such traps and accumulations form, and (2) the purposeful and deliberate drilling of more stratigraphic and paleogeomorphic wildcat tests.
A scalar architecture for pseudo vector processing based on slide-windowed registers (1993)

In this paper, we present a new scalar architecture for high-speed vector processing. Without using cache memory, the proposed architecture tolerates main memory access latency by introducing slide-windowed floating-point registers with data preloading feature and pipelined memory. The architecture can hold upward compatibility with existing scalar architectures. In the new architecture, software can control the window structure. This is the advantage compared with our previous work of register-windows. Because of this advantage, registers are utilized more flexibly and computational efficiency is largely enhanced. Furthermore, this flexibility helps the compiler to generate efficient object codes easily.
A New Tube for Microlaryngeal Surgery (1979)

A technique of anaesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery is described utilizing a new catheter and the venturi jet injector. Access and exposure for the surgeon are excellent and the laser can be used without special precautions. The central position and lack of movement of the distal end of the tube in the trachea prevent the potential complication of rupture of the trachea or of a bronchus.