gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum well intermixing (1993)

Intermixing the wells and barriers of quantum well structures generally results in an increase in the band gap and is accompanied by changes in the refractive index. A range of techniques, based on impurity diffusion, dielectric capping and laser annealing has been developed to enhance the quantum well intermixing (QWI) rate in selected areas of a wafer; such processes offer the prospect of a powerful and relatively simple fabrication route for integrating optoelectronic devices and for forming photonic integrated circuits (PICS). Recent progress in QWI techniques is reviewed, concentrating on processes which are compatible with PIC applications, in particular the achievement of low optical propagation losses.
Advanced Nanoarchitectures for Solar Photocatalytic Applications (2011)

Advanced nanostructured materials that demonstrate useful activity under solar excitation in fields concerned with the elimination of pollutants, partial oxidation and the valorization of chemical compounds, water splitting and CO 2 reduction processes, are discussed. Point defects present in nanoparticulated anatase present both 5-fold- and 6-fold-coordinated titanium atoms, as well as 2-fold- and 3-fold-coordinated oxygens. The requirement of using sunlight as the excitation source for the degradation reaction demands, as a principal requirement, the modification of the electronic characteristics of a UV absorber system such as anatase-TiO 2. Some reports also indicate the need for large doping concentrations for N-doping in specific cases where notable changes in the valence band onset are subsequently observed. The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the crystallization is reported by Yin et al. They showed that the presence of CTAB induces the appearance of BiOBr during the synthesis at 80°C using an aqueous method.
Semiconductor nanoparticles for photoinitiation of free radical polymerization in aqueous and organic media (2014)

ABSTRACT Photoinduced free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers by using semiconductor inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated. Zinc oxide and iron‐doped zinc oxide were used as photosensitive compounds to initiate the polymerization of acrylamide as a water‐soluble monomer in aqueous environment and methyl methacrylate as an oil‐soluble monomer in organic media under UV‐light irradiation. The method uses photochemically generated electrons and holes from the NPs to form initiating hydroxyl radicals in aqueous media, while tertiary amines and iodonium salt served as coinitiator in organic media. The initiation mechanism in organic media involves hydrogen abstraction or reduction processes via charge carriers, respectively. The kinetic of the polymerization in both environments was studied by means of a photo‐differential scanning calorimetry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 1500–1507
Biodegradation of Nitriles in Shale Oil (1988)

Enrichment cultures were obtained, after prolonged incubation on a shale oil as the sole source of nitrogen, that selectively degraded nitriles. Capillary gas chromatographic analyses showed that the mixed microbial populations in the enrichments degraded the homologous series of aliphatic nitriles but not the aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or heterocyclic-nitrogen compounds found in this oil. Time course studies showed that lighter nitriles were removed more rapidly than higher-molecular-weight nitriles. A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain isolated from an enrichment, which was able to completely utilize the individual nitriles undecyl cyanide and undecanenitrile as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen, was unable to attack stearonitrile when provided alone as the growth substrate. A P. aeruginosa strain, also isolated from one of the enrichments, used nitriles but not aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons when the oil was used as a sole nitrogen source. However, when the shale oil was used as the sole source of carbon, aliphatic hydrocarbons in addition to nitriles were degraded but aromatic hydrocarbons were still not attacked by this P. aeruginosa strain.
Deployment in dynamic environments (2004)

Information and communication technologies are moving towards a new stage where applications will be dynamically deployed, uninstalled, updated and (re)configured. Several approaches have been followed with the goal of creating a fully automated and context-aware deployment system. Ideally, this system should be capable of handling the dynamics of this new situation, without losing sight of other factors, such as performance, security, availability or scalability. We will take some of the technologies that follow the principles of Service Oriented Architectures, SOA, as a paradigm of dynamic environments. SOA promote the breaking down of applications into sets of loosely coupled elements, called services. Services can be dynamically bound, deployed, reconfigured, uninstalled and updated. First of all, we will try to offer a broad view on the specific deployment issues that arise in these environments. Later on, we will present our approach to the problem. One of the essential points that has to be tackled to develop an automated deployment engine will be to have enough information to carry out tasks without human intervention. In the article we will focus on the format and contents of deployment descriptors. Additionally, we will go into the details of the deployment framework for OSGi enabled gateways that has been developed by our research group. Finally we will give some concluding remarks and some ideas for future work
Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Serological studies and radioimmunoassay. (1976)

Mouse antisera against calf terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (terminal transferase) have been prepared. The sera have been used to characterize terminal transferase both by studying inhibition of enzyme activity and by developing a competition radioimmunoassay using highly purified 125I-labeled terminal transferase. By either assay, anti-terminal transferase serum did not cross-react significantly with calf DNA polymerases alpha and beta, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, or the reverse transcriptase of Moloney mouse leukemia virus. The calf terminal transferase did, however, share cross-reactive but not identical determinants with human and murine terminal transferase. The radioimmunoassay could detect as little as 2 ng of terminal transferase/mg of soluble protein in a tissue extract. Thymocytes were found to contain 280 ng of terminal transferase/mg of cell protein or about 1 X 10(5) molecules/cell; bone marrow had about 1% of the level of enzyme found in thymus. Extracts of spleen, peripheral white blood cells, lymph nodes, liver, muscle, and kidney all lacked detectable antigenicity of terminal transferase. These data indicate that terminal transferase is a tissue-specific enzyme and is not related to other DNA polymerases.
Inter‐operator variation in ELISPOT analysis of measles virus‐specific IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells (2005)

The ELISPOT assay is a highly sensitive technique used for the detection of individual cytokine releasing cells. We have developed an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay utilizing unfractionated frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to quantify the frequency of measles virus (MV)-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells in 117 healthy children who had been previously immunized with two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. We have also estimated the variability associated with the quantification of ELISPOT plates and compared the number of MV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells for each subject as determined by two different operators of an ELISPOT reader. The median frequency of MV-specific IFN-gamma-producing memory T cells detected by this assay was 0.005 % and 0.01 % as determined by an in-house and commercial operator, respectively. Although we found a significant correlation (r = 0.83, p<0.0001) between the number of spots counted by the commercial and in-house operators of an ELISPOT reader, the median number of spots counted by the commercial operator was twice the number of spots counted by an in-house operator (p<0.001). This demonstrates the importance of using a common ELISPOT reader and operator, among other parameters, to quantify the number of spots when a large volume of plates are being scanned and analyzed.
Reliability testing of through-silicon vias for high-current 3D applications (2008)

A robust through-silicon via technology is necessary for high-power, high-performance 3D-silicon applications. To study through-via interconnection reliability, modules consisting of a test chip, silicon carrier interposer with through-vias, and ceramic substrate were constructed. A socket assembly containing a microchannel water cooler was also constructed to apply pulsed power to via daisy chain test sites. Test results to date indicate that the interconnection reliability is limited by the solder bump portions of the interconnection, not the through-silicon via itself.
Influence of laser frequency noise on scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer based laser Doppler velocimetry (2014)

In this work, we study the performance of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer based laser Doppler velocimeter (sFPILDV) and compare two candidate 1.5 um single-frequency laser sources for the system – a fiber laser (FL) and a semiconductor laser (SL). We describe a straightforward calibration procedure for the sFPI-LDV and investigate the effect of different degrees of laser frequency noise between the FL and the SL on the velocimeter’s performance.
In-Shoe Plantar Pressure Measurement and Analysis System Based on Fabric Pressure Sensing Array (2010)

Spatial and temporal plantar pressure distributions are important and useful measures in footwear evaluation, athletic training, clinical gait analysis, and pathology foot diagnosis. However, present plantar pressure measurement and analysis systems are more or less uncomfortable to wear and expensive. This paper presents an in-shoe plantar pressure measurement and analysis system based on a textile fabric sensor array, which is soft, light, and has a high-pressure sensitivity and a long service life. The sensors are connected with a soft polymeric board through conductive yarns and integrated into an insole. A stable data acquisition system interfaces with the insole, wirelessly transmits the acquired data to remote receiver through Bluetooth path. Three configuration modes are incorporated to gain connection with desktop, laptop, or smart phone, which can be configured to comfortably work in research laboratories, clinics, sport ground, and other outdoor environments. A real-time display and analysis software is presented to calculate parameters such as mean pressure, peak pressure, center of pressure (COP), and shift speed of COP. Experimental results show that this system has stable performance in both static and dynamic measurements.
A Comprehensive Attack Flow Model and Security Analysis for Wi-Fi and WPA3 (2018)

The presence of wireless communication grows undeniably more prevalent each year. Since the introduction of the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) in 1997, technologies have progressed to provide wireless accessibility to industries and consumers with growing ease and convenience. As the usage of personal devices, such as phones and watches, that connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi increases, wireless attacks on users are becoming more critical. This paper provides a novel attack model to offer an organized and comprehensive view of the possible attacks on Wi-Fi latest security standards. All existing attacks will be investigated, with emphasis on more recent attacks, such as the KRACK and PMKID Dictionary attacks. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze the technology offered in the new Wi-Fi Protected Access III (WPA3) security scheme and provide the first comprehensive security analysis and discussion to determine whether it has addressed the vulnerabilities of its predecessor. An interesting finding of this paper is that WPA3 still lacks in addressing all the issues existing in WPA2 and exploring other mitigations for future research.
Cloning and expression of the cloacin DF13/aerobactin receptor of Escherichia coli (ColV-K30) (1983)

A DNA fragment derived from the ColV-K30 plasmid and coding for both sensitivity to cloacin DF13 and Fe3+-aerobactin uptake was cloned into pBR322. The cloned fragment coded for two polypeptides with molecular masses of 74,000 (the cloacin DF13/aerobactin receptor protein) and 50,000 daltons, respectively. When grown with sufficient iron, cells harboring pFS8 (with this fragment) possessed about 10 times as many receptor protein molecules as compared with cells of Escherichia coli (ColV-K30). The synthesis of the receptor protein specified by pFS8, however, was independent of the availability of iron, in contrast to strains harboring the intact ColV-K30 plasmid. Aerobactin was taken up but not synthesized by cells harboring pFS8. No growth occurred when iron-starved cultures of these cells were incubated with Fe3+-aerobactin, suggesting that expression of other ColV-K30-encoded genes is necessary to remove the iron from the Fe3+-aerobactin complex.
COPPER RESPONSE REGULATOR1–Dependent and –Independent Responses of the<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>Transcriptome to Dark Anoxia (2013)

Anaerobiosis is a stress condition for aerobic organisms and requires extensive acclimation responses. We used RNA-Seq for a whole-genome view of the acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to anoxic conditions imposed simultaneously with transfer to the dark. Nearly 1.4 × 10(3) genes were affected by hypoxia. Comparing transcript profiles from early (hypoxic) with those from late (anoxic) time points indicated that cells activate oxidative energy generation pathways before employing fermentation. Probable substrates include amino acids and fatty acids (FAs). Lipid profiling of the C. reinhardtii cells revealed that they degraded FAs but also accumulated triacylglycerols (TAGs). In contrast with N-deprived cells, the TAGs in hypoxic cells were enriched in desaturated FAs, suggesting a distinct pathway for TAG accumulation. To distinguish transcriptional responses dependent on copper response regulator1 (CRR1), which is also involved in hypoxic gene regulation, we compared the transcriptomes of crr1 mutants and complemented strains. In crr1 mutants, ~40 genes were aberrantly regulated, reaffirming the importance of CRR1 for the hypoxic response, but indicating also the contribution of additional signaling strategies to account for the remaining differentially regulated transcripts. Based on transcript patterns and previous results, we conclude that nitric oxide-dependent signaling cascades operate in anoxic C. reinhardtii cells.
Quantitative modeling of the accuracy in registering preoperative patient‐specific anatomic models into left atrial cardiac ablation procedures (2014)

In this work, we describe a model for evaluating the impact of noise variability on the input parameters of a registration algorithm in the context of cardiac ablation therapy. The model can be used to predict both registration error as well as assess which inputs have the largest effect on registration accuracy.
Sensitivity penalty in multichannel coherent optical communications (1988)

The error rates and sensitivity penalties for multichannel coherent optical communications systems are evaluated for amplitude-shift keying (ASK), phase-shift keying (PSK), and frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation, taking into account adjacent channel interference. Both time-domain and frequency-domain analysis are used, the latter being based on a Gaussian approximation. Both techniques yield similar results for sensitivity penalties below 1 dB. For FSK systems, larger values of the modulation index Delta do not necessarily lead to larger channel spacings. ASK and PSK systems both require larger channel spacings than FSK systems with Delta =1. The study was conducted for sources with linewidths narrow enough so that phase noise does not degrade the performance of receivers with matched filter demodulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracking maneuvering targets with multiple sensors: does more data always mean better estimates? (1996)

In many multisensor systems the number and type of sensors supporting a particular target track can vary with time due to the mobility, type, and resource limitations of the individual sensors. This variability in the configuration of the sensor system poses a significant problem when tracking maneuvering targets because of the uncertainty in the target motion model. A Kalman filter is often employed to filter the position measurements for estimating the position, velocity, and acceleration of a target. When designing the Kalman filter, the process noise (acceleration) variance Q/sub k/ is selected such that the 65 to 95% probability region contains the maximum acceleration level of the target. However, when targets maneuver, the acceleration changes in a deterministic manner. Thus, the white noise assumption associated with the process noise is violated and the filter develops a bias in the state estimates during maneuvers. The problem of tracking maneuvering targets with multiple sensors is illustrated through an example involving target motion in a single coordinate in which it is shown that with two sensors one can have (under certain conditions that include perfect alignment of the sensors) worse track performance than a single sensor. The Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm is applied to the illustrative example to demonstrate a potential solution to this problem of track filter performance.
Integrated scoring for spelling error correction, abbreviation expansion and case restoration in dirty text (2006)

An increasing number of language and speech applica-tions are gearing towards the use of texts from online sources as input. Despite such rise, not much work can be found in the aspect of integrated approaches for cleaning dirty texts from online sources. This paper presents a mechanism of Integrated Scoring for Spelling error correction, Abbreviation expansion and Case restoration (ISSAC). The idea of ISSAC was first conceived as part of the text preprocessing phase in an ontology engineering project. Evaluations of ISSAC using 400 chat records reveal an improved accuracy of 96.5 % over the existing 74.4 % based on the use of Aspell only.
Methylvinylpolysiloxanes (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylvinylpolysiloxanesSimon W. Kantor, Robert C. Osthoff, and Dallas T. HurdCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1685–1687Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01611a090https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparison of the antihypertensive effect of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorthiazide (1964)

Chlorthalidone, hydrochlorthiazide, and a placebo were compared in a double‐blind study. Both drugs used in this study were effective antihypertensive agents and produced similar electrolyte changes.
<title>Photoactivatable silanes for the site-specific immobilization of antibodies</title> (1997)

The development of techniques which can be used for the discrete immobilization of multiple antibodies on solid supports has important applications in the areas of clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and biosensor development. While photolithography has provided many elegant methods for generating spatially resolved reactive surface functionalities, the problem of nonspecific adsorption of proteins which occurs during sequential immobilization steps continues to hamper the development of antibody sensing arrays. This nonspecific adsorption prevents the establishment of unique and individually addressable binding sites on the substrate surface. In an effort to solve this problem, we have synthesized and characterized a series of photoactivatable silanes which can be used for the light- directed attachment of antibodies to solid supports. These compounds produce amine-reactive functional groups upon irradiation with UV light. The first silane derivative prepared yielded a relatively hydrophobic surface when it was used for substrate modification. The resultant surface exhibited a high degree of nonspecific protein adsorption even in the absence of light activation. We therefore decided to synthesize a more hydrophilic analog. This second derivative displayed low nonspecific protein binding even in the absence of detergents or protein blocking agents. We have used this second compound to discretely immobilize four different IgG antibodies (each directed against a different antigen) on several hydroxyl-bearing substrates. Antigen binding experiments using fluorescent and <SUP>125</SUP>I-labeled antigens have confirmed that the immobilized antibodies retain their functionalities.
Base‐Catalysed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Vinyl Sulfides (2009)

Abstract Small amounts of n ‐butyllithium catalyse the highly efficient hydroamination of a large variety of vinyl sulfides. This novel methodology offers an easy access to a wide range of nitrogen heterocycles, including simple pyrrolidines and piperidines, as well as more complex bicyclic compounds. Subsequent transformations of the sulfur group led to the formation of functionalised alkaloid‐like substructures.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fitness computer game with a bodily user interface (2003)

The experience players get from playing a computer game depends on how well the story and the action can capture players attention. Sometimes people immerse to the game environment so strongly that they forget their actual physical surroundings and feel as they are part of the game environment. In the Virku (Virtual Fitness Centre) research project we developed a fitness computer game which aims at making the exercise session more motivating and rich in experiences. The user is exercising while he is exploring new surroundings or playing a fitness game in VE. In Virku the VE is generated from map information. The bodily user interface was selected because it seems that it can add to users sense of presence and it is suitable for exercising purposes. The Virku interface is a combination of an exercise bicycle, a computer and a screen. Nine users pilot-tested the fitness game.