gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial uses of phosphates. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndustrial uses of phosphates.Paul. Logue Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1946, 23, 11, 529Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1946Published inissue 1 November 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/ed023p529RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (660 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The complete genome sequence of <i>Chlorobium tepidum</i> TLS, a photosynthetic, anaerobic, green-sulfur bacterium (2002)

The complete genome of the green-sulfur eubacterium Chlorobium tepidum TLS was determined to be a single circular chromosome of 2,154,946 bp. This represents the first genome sequence from the phylum Chlorobia, whose members perform anoxygenic photosynthesis by the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Genome comparisons have identified genes in C. tepidum that are highly conserved among photosynthetic species. Many of these have no assigned function and may play novel roles in photosynthesis or photobiology. Phylogenomic analysis reveals likely duplications of genes involved in biosynthetic pathways for photosynthesis and the metabolism of sulfur and nitrogen as well as strong similarities between metabolic processes in C. tepidum and many Archaeal species.
A frequency extrapolation algorithm for FISC (1997)

A frequency extrapolation algorithm for the fast multipole method (FMM)-based moment method code FISC (Fast Illinois Solver Code) is presented. Our approach is to parameterize the induced current on the target, which is available from the FISC solution based on a multipath excitation model. The ESPRIT super-resolution algorithm is applied to extract the time-of-arrival and amplitude parameters in the model. Once the frequency-dependent model of the induced current on the target is constructed, the induced current can be extrapolated to a broad band of frequencies and the multifrequency scattered field can be computed. The range profiles for a missile model are calculated in this manner to demonstrate the accuracy and performance of the algorithm.
Infrared Light Emission From Semiconductor Devices (1996)

Abstract We present results using near-infrared (NIR) cameras to study emission. characteristics of common defect classes for integrated circuits (ICs). The cameras are based on a liquid nitrogen cooled HgCdTe imaging array with high quantum efficiency and very low read noise. The array was developed for infrared astronomy and has high quantum efficiency in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 µm. For comparison, the same set of samples used to characterize the performance of the NIR camera were studied using a non-intensified, liquidnitrogen- cooled, slow scan CCD camera (with a spectral range from 400-1100 nm). Our results show that the NIR camera images all of the defect classes studied here with much shorter integration times than the cooled CCD, suggesting that photon emission beyond 1 µm is significantly stronger than at shorter wavelengths.
Determination of homogeneous linewidth by spectral gain hole-burning in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier with GeO/sub 2/:SiO/sub 2/ core (1990)

Spectral gain hole-burning was observed at low temperatures in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier with GeO/sub 2/:SiO/sub 2/ core. At the peak wavelength lambda =1.535 mu m, homogeneous linewidths determined from the observed hole widths have a power-law dependence on temperature. At room temperature, the extrapolated homogeneous linewidth is 4 nm and the inhomogeneous linewidth is 8 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laws of Identity in Ambient Environments: The HYDRA Approach (2008)

The research field of ambient environments and ubiquitous computing aims toward the future vision of intelligent mobile and wireless network scenarios. In such environments where the wireless network consists of numerous nodes, like intelligent devices, sensors and mobile devices, a highly secured and well defined identity (id) management system is required that deals with issues like virtual and temporary identities of users and devices as well as userspsila awareness in information disclosure and privacy. One major goal of the EU-project HYDRA (ldquoNetworked Embedded System middleware for heterogeneous physical devices in a distributed architecturerdquo) is the support of developers of such ambient environments to manage context sensitive identity information and assure integration and interoperability of existing ID management approaches. Based on this project in this paper we identify and analyse ten requirements for a middleware architecture to create a bridge between existing identity management technologies and also allow a framework to make them available for application developers of ambient environments.
Clay Stabilization — Criteria for Best Performance (1982)

ABSTRACT A recent study has demonstrated the importance of cation exchange capacity in determining optimum use concentrations of cationic clay control agents. Determining the concentration of polymer required to adequately stabilize clays is dependent upon many factors. Normally, the concentration required for clay control is based only on the clay content of the reservoir. In addition to the clay content, careful consideration should also be given to the type of clay, the natural wettability of the reservoir, the adsorbed cations in equilibrium with the formation, the treating fluid and the additive concentration in the treating fluid. It is important to consider all of these factors for each reservoir to be treated; however, some of the factors may not be known. The most important factor is the cation exchange capacity of the reservoir rock. This may be determined in the laboratory and used to predict the required concentration of the cationic additive to obtain stabilization.
Optimization of test suite-test case in regression test (2013)

Exhaustive product evolution and testing is required to ensure the quality of product. Regression testing is crucial to ensure software excellence. Regression test cases are applied to assure that new or adapted features do not relapse the existing features. As innovative features are included, new test cases are generated to assess the new functionality, and then included in the existing pool of test cases, thus escalating the cost and the time required in performing regression test and this unswervingly impacts the release, laid plan and the quality of the product. Hence there is a need to select minimal test cases that will test all the functionalities of the engineered product and it must rigorously test the functionalities that have high risk exposure. Test Suite-Test Case Refinement Technique will reduce regression test case pool size, reduce regression testing time, cost & effort and also ensure the quality of the engineered product. This technique is a regression test case optimization technique that is a hybrid of Test Case Minimization based on specifications and Test Case Prioritization based on risk exposure. This approach will facilitate achievement of quality product with decreased regression testing time and cost yet uncover same amount of errors as the original test cases.
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids on Blood Pressure in Hypertension (1990)

Studies of whether polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil--in particular, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids--lower blood pressure have varied in design and results. We conducted a population-based, randomized, 10-week dietary-supplementation trial in which the effects of 6 g per day of 85 percent eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were compared with those of 6 g per day of corn oil in 156 men and women with previously untreated stable, mild essential hypertension. The mean systolic blood pressure fell by 4.6 mm Hg (P = 0.002), and diastolic pressure by 3.0 mm Hg (P = 0.0002) in the group receiving fish oil; there was no significant change in the group receiving corn oil. The differences between the groups remained significant for both systolic (6.4 mm Hg; P = 0.0025) and diastolic (2.8 mm Hg; P = 0.029) pressure after control for anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary variables. The decreases in blood pressure were larger as concentrations of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids increased (P = 0.027). Dietary supplementation with fish oil did not change mean blood pressure in the subjects who ate fish three or more times a week as part of their usual diet, or in those who had a base-line concentration of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids above 175.1 mg per liter. We conclude that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids reduce blood pressure in essential hypertension, depending on increases in plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids.
The development of novel antigens for improved syphilis diagnosis (2012)

Syphilis is a disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, which is generally transmitted through sexual contact, or vertically from a mother to her fetus. Syphilis is effectively treated with penicillin yet remains prevalent worldwide, due in part to the shortfalls of current diagnostic tests. Traditional serological testing algorithms screen with diagnostic tests specific for non-treponemal antibodies followed by subsequent screening of reactive samples for treponeme-specific antibodies. Limitations exist with both the sensitivity and specificity of non-treponemal and treponemal tests. Specific enzyme immunoassays, chemiluminescence assays and rapid point-of-care tests have been developed that contain the T. pallidum proteins TpN15 (Tp0171), TpN17 (Tp0435), TpN47 (Tp0574), and/or TpN44 (Tp0768; TmpA). These tests have also been shown to have suboptimal sensitivities, highlighting the need for identification of novel syphilis diagnostic candidates. In this study, soluble recombinant versions of two previously identified diagnostic candidates, Tp0326 and Tp0453, as well as a novel Tp0453-Tp0326 chimera were produced. The sensitivity of these recombinant proteins in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) for diagnosis of syphilis was determined by screening characterized serum samples from primary, secondary, and latent stages of infection (n=169). The specificity was determined by screening uninfected individuals (n=13), false positives identified via the standard testing algorithm (n=19), and potentially cross-reactive infections caused by Leptospira, B. burgdorferi, H. pylori, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus (n=38). The sensitivities for Tp0326, Tp0453, and the Tp0453-Tp0326 chimera were found to be 86%, 98% and 98%, respectively. The specificities for Tp0326, Tp0453, and the Tp0453-Tp0326 chimera were found to be 99%, 100% and 99%, respectively. These findings suggest that Tp0453 and the Tp0453-Tp0326 chimera show promise as novel syphilis-specific diagnostic candidates for accurate detection of all stages of infection and for future development into numerous diagnostic test formats including enzyme immunoassays, chemiluminescence assays, and rapid point-of-care tests.
Statistical and functional representations of the pattern of auroral energy flux, number flux, and conductivity (1987)

The Hardy et al. (1985) global patterns of the integral energy flux and average energy of precipitating auroral electrons are used to determine the global pattern of the electron‐produced, height‐integrated Hall and Pedersen conductivities. The conductivities were determined in spatial bins in magnetic local time (MLT)‐corrected geomagnetic latitude (CGL) coordinates for all MLTs and for CGLs greater than 50° and for seven levels of activity as measured by Kp . The conductivities vary smoothly with latitude and MLT typically having a single peak in latitude within the auroral oval at any MLT. On the nightside the two conductivities increase with increasing Kp . The largest conductivities are found near midnight, where the peak value of the Pedersen (Hall) conductivity varies from 3.09 (4.05) mhos to 12.5 (25.9) mhos as Kp varies from 0 to ≥6−. The peak conductivity decreases with MLT away from midnight with the lowest peak values found postnoon. At noon and on much of the morning side of the oval the Pedersen and Hall conductivities increase for Kp up to 2 and then decrease for higher Kp . The highest ratios of the Hall to Pedersen conductivity are on the morning side of the oval and at noon. The peak conductivities on the dayside are significant compared to the conductivities produced by solar radiation at all seasons of the year. The global maps of the integral energy flux, integral number flux, and height‐integrated Hall and Pedersen conductivities at each level of Kp were fit using both spherical harmonic and Epstein functions. The Epstein functions were found to reproduce better the original maps. At Kp = 2 the distribution of differences between the Epstein function fit and the original data is roughly symmetric about zero with a full width at half maximum of 16 (20)% for the Pedersen (Hall) conductivity and 32 (40)% for the integral energy (number) flux. The distribution of differences broadens with increasing and decreasing activity.
Combined Therapy with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing IL-12 Induce Enhanced Antitumor Activity in Liver Tumor Model (2012)

Both adoptive immunotherapy and gene therapy hold a great promise for treatment of malignancies. However, these strategies exhibit limited anti-tumor activity, when they are used alone. In this study, we explore whether combination of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) adoptive immunotherapy with oncolytic adenovirus-mediated transfer of human interleukin-12 (hIL-12) gene induce the enhanced antitumor potency. Our results showed that oncolytic adenovirus carrying hIL-12 (AdCN205-IL12) could produce high levels of hIL-12 in liver cancer cells, as compared with replication-defective adenovirus expressing hIL-12 (Ad-IL12). AdCN205-IL12 could specifically induce cytotoxocity to liver cancer cells. Combination of CIK cells with AdCN205-IL12 could induce higher antitumor activity to liver cancer cells in vitro than that induced by either CIK or AdCN205-IL12 alone, or combination of CIK and control vector AdCN205-GFP. Furthermore, treatment of the established liver tumors with the combined therapy of CIK cells and AdCN205-IL12 resulted in tumor regression and long-term survival. High level expression of hIL-12 in tumor tissues could increase traffic of CIK cells to tumor tissues and enhance their antitumor activities. Our study provides a novel strategy for the therapy of cancer by the combination of CIK adoptive immunotherapy with oncolytic adenovirus-mediated transfer of immune stimulatory molecule hIL-12.
Experimental realization of a terahertz all-dielectric metasurface absorber (2017)

Metamaterial absorbers consisting of metal, metal-dielectric, or dielectric materials have been realized across much of the electromagnetic spectrum and have demonstrated novel properties and applications. However, most absorbers utilize metals and thus are limited in applicability due to their low melting point, high Ohmic loss and high thermal conductivity. Other approaches rely on large dielectric structures and / or a supporting dielectric substrate as a loss mechanism, thereby realizing large absorption volumes. Here we present a terahertz (THz) all dielectric metasurface absorber based on hybrid dielectric waveguide resonances. We tune the metasurface geometry in order to overlap electric and magnetic dipole resonances at the same frequency, thus achieving an experimental absorption of 97.5%. A simulated dielectric metasurface achieves a total absorption coefficient enhancement factor of FT=140, with a small absorption volume. Our experimental results are well described by theory and simulations and not limited to the THz range, but may be extended to microwave, infrared and optical frequencies. The concept of an all-dielectric metasurface absorber offers a new route for control of the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation from surfaces with potential applications in energy harvesting, imaging, and sensing.
Theory of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy: Response to frequency-sweep excitation (1980)

Although all previous theoretical treatments of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT–ICR) spectral line shape have been based on the ICR time-domain response to fixed-frequency pulsed excitation, experimental FT–ICR signals are produced by frequency-sweep excitation. This paper presents the first analysis of the FT–ICR line shape resulting from frequency-sweep excitation, including the effects of circularly polarized versus linearly polarized exciting radiation, continuous versus stepwise variation in swept frequency, variation in sweep parameters (e.g., frequency range, sweep rate, size of step, and number of steps), phase conventions, reliability of fast Fourier transform data reduction, and time delay between excitation and detection. In addition, we show how the nonlinear amplitude and phase variation of an FT–ICR spectrum obtained by direct Fourier transformation of a time-domain ICR response can be corrected by deconvoluting the response with the frequency-sweep excitation. Implementation of these results promises to enhance the appearance, reliability of peak height information, and resolution of experimental FT–ICR spectra.
Text2Shape: Generating Shapes from Natural Language by Learning Joint Embeddings (2018)

We present a method for generating colored 3D shapes from natural language. To this end, we first learn joint embeddings of freeform text descriptions and colored 3D shapes. Our model combines and extends learning by association and metric learning approaches to learn implicit cross-modal connections, and produces a joint representation that captures the many-to-many relations between language and physical properties of 3D shapes such as color and shape. To evaluate our approach, we collect a large dataset of natural language descriptions for physical 3D objects in the ShapeNet dataset. With this learned joint embedding we demonstrate text-to-shape retrieval that outperforms baseline approaches. Using our embeddings with a novel conditional Wasserstein GAN framework, we generate colored 3D shapes from text. Our method is the first to connect natural language text with realistic 3D objects exhibiting rich variations in color, texture, and shape detail. See video at https://youtu.be/zraPvRdl13Q
Complete rescue of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in db/db mice by neuron-specific LEPR-B transgenes (2005)

We have generated mice that carry a neuron-specific leptin receptor (LEPR) transgene whose expression is driven by the rat synapsin I promoter synapsin-LEPR B (SYN-LEPR-B). We have also generated mice that are compound hemizygotes for the transgenes SYN-LEPR-B and neuron-specific enolase-LEPR B (NSE-LEPR-B). We observed a degree of correction in db/db mice that are hemizygous (Syn db/db) and homozygous (Syn/Syn db/db) for the SYN-LEPR-B transgene similar to that previously reported for the NSE-LEPR-B transgene. We also show complete correction of the obesity and related phenotypes of db/db mice that are hemizygous for both NSE-LEPR-B and SYN-LEPR-B transgenes (Nse+Syn db/db). Body composition, insulin sensitivity, and cold tolerance were completely normalized in Nse+Syn db/db mice at 12 weeks of age compared with lean controls. In situ hybridization for LEPR B isoform expression in Nse+Syn db/db mice showed robust expression in the energy homeostasis-relevant regions of the hypothalamus. Expression of 3 neuropeptide genes, agouti-related peptide (Agrp), neuropeptide Y (Npy), and proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), was fully normalized in dual transgenic db/db mice. The 2 transgenes in concert conferred normal fertility to male and female db/db mice. Male mice with partial peripheral deletion of Lepr, induced in the periweaning phase, did not show alterations in body composition or mass. In summary, we show that brain-specific leptin signaling is sufficient to reverse the obesity, diabetes, and infertility of db/db mice.
Restoration of loudness summation and differential loudness growth in hearing-impaired listeners (2012)

When normal-hearing (NH) listeners compare the loudness of narrowband and wideband sounds presented at identical sound pressure levels, the wideband sound will most often be perceived as louder than the narrowband sound, a phenomenon referred to as loudness summation. Hearing-impaired (HI) listeners typically show less-than-normal loudness summation, due to reduced cochlear compressive gain and degraded frequency selectivity. In the present study, loudness summation at 1 and 3 kHz was estimated monaurally for five NH and eight HI listeners by matching the loudness of narrowband and wideband noise stimuli. The loudness summation was measured as a function both of noise bandwidth and level. The HI listeners were tested unaided and aided using three different compression systems to investigate the possibility of restoring loudness summation in these listeners. A compression system employing level-dependent compression channels yielded the most promising outcome. The present results inform the development of future loudness models and advanced compensation strategies for the hearing impaired.
<i>In vitro</i>effects of berberine sulphate on the growth and structure of<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>,<i>Giardia lamblia</i>and<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> (1991)

The plant alkaloid, berberine sulphate, inhibited the growth of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis in BI-S-33 medium, and induced morphological changes in the parasites. Exposure of E. histolytica to berberine caused a clumping of chromatin in the nucleus, and the formation of autophagic vacuoles and aggregates of small vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In berberine-treated G. lamblia, an irregularly-shaped vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm and gradually enlarged during culture. The trophozoites became swollen and deposits of glycogen were seen in the cytoplasm. Trichomonas vaginalis was also affected by the berberine; autophagic vacuoles increased in number soon after exposure, and one large vacuole, which was characteristic of treated cells, appeared. These observations demonstrate that, in vitro, this drug was effective against E. histolytica, G. lamblia and T. vaginalis. Another alkaloid, coptisine, was inactive against the three parasites.
DERVISH An Office-Navigating Robot (1995)

DERVISH won the Office Delivery event of the 1994 Robot Competition and Exhibition, held as part of the Thirteenth National Conferennce on Artificial Intelligence. Although the contest required dervish to navigate in an artificial office environment, the official goal of the contest was to push the technology of robot navigation in real office buildings with minimal domain information. dervish navigates reliably using retractable assumptions that simplify the planning problem. In this article, we present a short description of Dervish's hardware and low-level motion modules. We then discuss this assumptive system in more detail.