gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying AS-level routing policy changes (2014)

To study Internet's routing behavior on the granularity of Autonomous Systems (ASes), one needs to understand inter-domain routing policy. Routing policy changes over time, and may cause route oscillation, network congestion, and other problems. However, there are few works on routing policy changes and their impact on BGP's routing behaviors. In this paper, we model inter-domain routing policy as the preference to neighboring ASes, noted as neighbor preference, and propose an algorithm for quantifying routing policy changes based on neighbor preference. As a further analysis, we study the routing policy changes for the year of 2012, and find that generally an AS may experience a routing policy change for at least 20% prefixes within 6 months. An AS changes its routing policy mainly by exchanging two neighboring ASes' preference. In most cases, an AS changes a stable fraction of its prefixes' routing policy, but non-tier1 ASes may endure a large scale routing policy changing event. We also analyse the main reasons of routing policy changes, and exclude the possibilities of AS business relationship changes and topology changes.
Peculiarities of electron field emission from SiGe nanoislands (2014)

The electron field emission and photoassisted field emission from SiGe nanoisland formed by MBE growth are investigated. There are two types of nanoislands, namely the conical and pyramidal ones with different heights. Two slopes in emission current-voltage characteristics in Fowler-Nordheim coordinates were observed and is explained by emission from different SiGe nanoislands. The increase of emission current and decrease the slope of curve in F-N coordinates under green light illumination has been revealed. The model of electron field emission and photoemission from SiGe nanoislands based on energy band diagram of Si-Ge heterostructure has been proposed.
PARADE: A Cycle-Accurate Full-System Simulation Platform for Accelerator-Rich Architectural Design and Exploration (2015)

The power wall and utilization wall in today's processors have led to a focus on accelerator-rich architecture, which will include a sea of accelerators that can achieve orders-of-magnitude performance and energy gains. The emerging accelerator-rich architecture is still in its early stage, and many design issues, such as the efficient accelerator resource management and communication between accelerators and CPU cores, remain unclear. Therefore, a research platform that can enable those design explorations will be extremely useful. This paper presents the first cycle-accurate full-system simulation Platform for Accelerator-Rich Architectural Design and Exploration (PARADE). PARADE can automatically generate dedicated or composable accelerator simulation modules, simulate the global accelerator management, a coherent cache/scratchpad with shared memory, and a customizable network-on-chip---all at cycle-level. In addition, PARADE provides visualization support to assist architects with design space exploration. Finally, a few case studies are conducted to confirm that PARADE can enable various system-level design space explorations in the accelerator-rich architecture.
Improved Super-Regenerative Receiver Theory (2013)

A new paradigm for the analysis of super-regenerative (SR) receivers is proposed. Unlike the methodology used in the past where alternately stable and unstable modes of operation are considered, this approach models the system as a stable filter with modulators at the input and output. Consequently, the behavior of SR systems can be viewed using steady state techniques as opposed to time-varying transient analysis. The basic mathematical result derived using this paradigm is compared to the currently accepted solution in the literature and is found to be essentially the same. Then, using state space techniques this solution is modified to obtain newly derived results for the envelope solution, where the resulting down-conversion enables an extremely efficient simulation approach. Finally, the paradigm is extended to show that with the addition of frequency modulation, an even more accurate closed form solution to the problem is available. Simulation results are offered which validate the analysis.
Antitumor Effect of a Copper Coordination Compound With Superoxide Dismutase-Like Activity2 (1981)

Growth of Ehrlich carcinomas in inbred CBA mice was retarded by im administration of Cu(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 (CuDIPS). CuDIPS is a low molecular weight (mol wt = 503) copper coordination compound that exhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. It has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent and is lipid-soluble. This property enables the compound to penetrate membranes, thus becoming an intracellular O2- scavenger. In the tumor system studied, the amounts of both copper- and zinc-containing SOD (CuZnSOD) and manganese-containing SOD are reduced. Injection of Orgotein (CuZnSOD from bovine liver) had no significant effect on tumor growth and host survival. When CuDIPS was administered at various doses, reduction in tumor size, delay of metastasis, and a significant increase in survival of the hosts were observed.
Enzymatic and hemolytic properties of Propionibacterium acnes and related bacteria (1977)

The production of chondroitin sulfatase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease, gelatinase, phosphatase, lecithinase, and hemolysins was examined in 95 strains of Propionibacterium acnes and four related species of anaerobic, respectively, microaerophilic coryneform bacteria (P. avidum, P. lymphophilum, P. granulosum, and Corynebacterium minutissimum). All enzymes could be demonstrated in at least one representative of the species tested. Those Propionibacterium species most frequently found in acne vulgaris lesions, i.e., P. acnes and P. granulosum, proved to be the most active organisms concerning the production of the enzymes tested. P. avidum, on the other hand, showed the highest rate of hemolytic activity.
Phenylurethans of pyrazolidinols and piperidazinols as anticonvulsants (1990)

Abstract The synthesis of 1,2‐diethyl‐4‐hydroxymethylpyrazolidine ( II ) was accomplished in two steps from 1,2‐diethyl‐4‐ethoxycarbonylpyrazolidine ( I ). Also, 1,2‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxypiperidazine ( VI ) was prepared in three steps from 1,2‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridazine ( IV ). The two alcohols were added to several aryl isocyanates and afforded fourteen new phenylurethan derivatives which showed moderate anticonvulsant activity in mice.
[Anticovulsant activity of N-(p-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-succinimide derivatives (author's transl)]. (1977)

A series of newly synthesized N-phenyl-substituted derivatives of succinimide were screened for anticonvulsant activity. Addition of a sulfonamide group in the p-position was of great consequence for the anticonvulsant effect. Substitution of a halogen in the m- or o-position improved activity against electroshock induced seizures. Pentylenetetrazole convulsions could only be prevented by few of these substances in smaller than 200 mg/kg oral doses. Activity could be further enhanced by adding more aliphatic or aromatic groups to the succinimide ring. The lethal doses of most of the active succinimides were higher than 5000 mg/kg p.o. With sublethal doses mice sometimes become drowsy and had myoclonic seizures and/or diarrhoea. At therapeutic dose levels kinetic disturbances, potentiation of pentobarbitone hypnosis or analgesia were rarely observed.
Write, erase and storage times in nanocrystal memories and the role of interface states (2003)

In theory, the write, erase, and storage times of nanocrystal memories are intimately related to the coupling between the three-dimensionally confined states of the nanocrystals and the inversion/depletion layer, with the magnitude of coupling strongly dependent on the capture cross-section of the nanocrystal and the parameters of the SiO/sub 2/ tunneling barrier layer. In practice, the extremely strong asymmetry in time-constants suggests additional physical processes in fabricated structures. In this extended abstract, we use frequency-, time- and bias-dependent measurement of charge and channel current to determine the bias-dependent coupling between the nanocrystals and the underlying channel and deconvolute the effects arising from interface states on nanocrystals and percolation transport in the channel.
Anthrolysin O and fermentation products mediate the toxicity of Bacillus anthracis to lung epithelial cells under microaerobic conditions (2010)

Bacillus anthracis generates virulence factors such as lethal and edema toxins, capsule, and hemolytic proteins under conditions of reduced oxygenation. Here, we report on the acute cytotoxicity of culture supernatants (Sups) of six nonencapsulated B. anthracis strains grown till the stationary phase under static microaerobic conditions. Human small airway epithelial, umbilical vein endothelial, Caco-2, and Hep-G2 cells were found to be susceptible. Sups displayed a reduction of pH to 5.3-5.5, indicating the onset of acid anaerobic fermentation; however, low pH itself was not a major factor of toxicity. The pore-forming hemolysin, anthrolysin O (ALO), contributed to the toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Its effect was found to be synergistic with a metabolic product of B. anthracis, succinic acid. Cells exposed to Sups demonstrated cytoplasmic membrane blebbing, increased permeability, loss of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and arrest of cell respiration. The toxicity was reduced by inhibition of ALO by cholesterol, decomposition of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. Cell death appears to be caused by an acute primary membrane permeabilization by ALO, followed by a burst of reactive radicals from the mitochondria fuelled by the succinate, which is generated by bacteria in the hypoxic environment. This mechanism of metabolic toxicity is relevant to the late-stage conditions of hypoxia and acidosis found in anthrax patients and might operate at anatomical locations of the host deprived from oxygen supply.
Evaluation of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed electrochemical and fluorometric detection for extensive application to the analysis of homologous series of oligo- and polysialic acids in bioactive molecules (1999)

Our previous studies have shown extensively diverse structures in oligo/polymers of sialic acid (oligo/polySia) that are expressed often in developmentally regulated manner on animal glycoconjugates. The aim of this study was to establish highlysensitive and specific methods that can be used to identify diverse types of oligo/polySia and thus can be applied to studies of biological phenomena associated with the differential expression of oligo/polySia chains with different degree of polymerization (DP). As model compounds, we analyzed five different homologous series of oligo/polySia, (-->8Neu5Acalpha2-->)(n), (-->9Neu 5Acalpha2-->)(n), (-->8Neu5Gcalpha2-->)(n), (-->5-O(glycolyl)-Neu5Gcalpha2-->)(n), and Neu5Gc9SO(4)alpha2-->(-->5-O(glycolyl)-Neu5Gcalpha2--> )(n), ()expressed in various biopolymers. The latter two structures have recently been identified in sea urchin egg receptor for sperm. First we examined application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) on a CarboPac PA-100 column with pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) to new types of oligo/polySiacompounds and confirmed that resolution of high polymers (DP >70) of sialic acids was remarkable as reported previously. However, there are limitations in sensitivity and selectivity in PED that become significant when material is available only in a minute amount or material contained a large proportion of protein. These limitations can be circumvented by fluorometric detection of oligo/polySia tagged with 1,2-diamino-4, 5-methyl-enedioxybenzene (DMB) at the reducing terminal residues after separation on a MonoQ HR5/5 column. The latter method can be applied to any type of oligo/polySia we examined if we choose the derivatization conditions and is more sensitive and specific than the method with PED for analysis of oligo/polySia with DP up to 25.
[A study on relationship between chemotherapy of acute leukemia and apoptosis in vivo]. (1997)

In order to investigate whether apoptosis occurs in vivo in patients with leukemia in different stage (before, during and after chemotherapy). We detect apoptosis of peripheral blood leukemia cells in 10 patients before, during and after chemotherapy with in situ TdT fluorescence measurement and DNA electrophoresis. The results showed that apoptotic cells were few (0-2.9%) before chemotherapy, increased obviously (11.4%-72.0%) during chemotherapy in patients with complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR), but decreased (0-2.9%) after chemotherapy (10-14 days). Apoptotic cells were few (0-5.7%) during chemotherapy in four patients without remission. Therefore, only effective drug therapy could induce apoptosis. DNA ladder cannot be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis either before, during and after chemotherapy. So we considered that in situ TdT assay is possible to apoptosis in vivo in the early course of chemotherapy for immediate modification of chemotherapy, while electrophoretic analysis is not sensitive enough to detect apoptotic cells in vivo.
Quantitative analysis of the velocity related pathophysiology of spasticity and rigidity in the elbow flexors (2002)

Velocity dependence analysis indicates that rigidity and spasticity have approximately equal velocity dependent properties. For differentiating these two types of hypertonia, position dependent properties my be employed.
Cow Behaviour to Judge Free Stall and Tie Stall Barns (2004)

Choices in stabling and management affect the behaviour, health, longevity and performance of cows and profit of a dairy farm. Fear or frustration with her workplace predisposes a cow to unwanted or abnormal behaviour and risk of disease. Cow behaviour and disease are gauges of cow comfort. Diseases related to comfort include lameness, hock and neck injuries, mastitis, milk fever, ketosis and displaced stomachs. Behaviours while resting, eating, walking or occupying stalls provide additional information about comfort. Positive interactions between a cow, her workplace and her caregivers lead to good cow welfare, happy employees and a productive herd.
Operator-constitutive mutants in the threonine operon of Escherichia coli K-12 (1975)

Three Escherichia coli K-12 mutant strains resistant to DL-alpha-amino-beta-hydroxyvaleric acid were isolated in which the expression of the thr operon is constitutive. The localization and dominance properties of the mutations involved, called thrO, are those of operator mutations. The gene sequence is OABC as suggested by earlier studies.
Double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo for treatment of phencyclidine or amphetamine dependence. (1986)

Open clinical trials have suggested that desipramine may be an effective agent for treatment of phencyclidine (PCP) or amphetamine dependence. Four pairs (eight subjects) with PCP and two pairs (four subjects) with amphetamine dependence were studied. One subject in each pair was given desipramine or placebo under double-blind conditions. Although desipramine clearly was no more effective than placebo in treatment of PCP dependence, subjects with amphetamine dependence who received desipramine remained in treatment longer and submitted more urine samples absent of amphetamine than did subjects who received placebo.
Hypophagic, endocrine and subjective responses to <i>m</i>‐chlorophenylpiperazine in healthy men and women (1995)

Abstract We studied the effect of the 5‐HT receptor agonist, m ‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) (0.4 mg orally), on food intake, plasma prolactin and subjective state in 24 healthy male and female volunteers, using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design. mCPP lowered food intake, and increased plasma prolactin to the same extent in both sexes. Increased anxiety ratings, however, occurred more in females. Other mCPP‐induced subjective changes in nausea, light‐headedness and hunger did not distinguish the sexes. There was no significant correlation between the decrease in food intake produced by mCPP and any of the subjective ratings. Overall, the data indicate that mCPP produces significant hypophagia in both men and women. The greater anxiogenic effect of mCPP in female subjects is of interest in view of the increased prevalence of clinical anxiety disorders in women.
The role of surgical debridement in healing of diabetic foot ulcers (2010)

An estimated 15% of patients with diabetes mellitus will develop a foot ulcer during their lifetime. Debridement is included in multiple guidelines and algorithms for the care of patients with diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers, and it has long been considered an essential step in the protocol for treating diabetic foot ulcers. In addition to altering the environment of the chronic wound, debridement is a technique aimed at removing nonviable and necrotic tissue, thought to be detrimental to healing. This is accomplished by removing abnormal wound bed and wound edge tissue, such as hyperkeratotic epidermis (callus) and necrotic dermal tissue, foreign debris, and bacteria elements known to have an inhibitory effect on wound healing. While the rationale for surgical debridement seems logical, the evidence for its role in enhancing healing is deficient. In this paper, we systematically review five published clinical trials, which met the criteria and investigated surgical debridement of diabetic foot ulcers to enhance healing. Most existing studies are not randomized clinical trials optimized to test the relationship between debridement of diabetic foot ulcers and wound healing. Therefore, a focused, well-designed study is needed to elucidate the effect of surgical debridement on the healing status of chronic wounds.
Synergistic Activities of Gatifloxacin in Combination with Other Antimicrobial Agents against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Related Species (2001)

Drug combinations have been used to treat serious infections caused by Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, and Acinetobacter. In this study, the combined drug effects of gatifloxacin (GAT) and nonquinolones were determined by time-kill analysis at clinically achievable drug concentrations. Synergy (>or=2 log(10)-enhanced killing at 24 h) was observed with GAT plus amikacin or a beta-lactam against 50 to 75% of strains, including strains nonsusceptible to one or both drugs.
Practical trigger-action programming in the smart home (2014)

We investigate the practicality of letting average users customize smart-home devices using trigger-action ("if, then") programming. We find trigger-action programming can express most desired behaviors submitted by participants in an online study. We identify a class of triggers requiring machine learning that has received little attention. We evaluate the uniqueness of the 67,169 trigger-action programs shared on IFTTT.com, finding that real users have written a large number of unique trigger-action interactions. Finally, we conduct a 226-participant usability test of trigger-action programming, finding that inexperienced users can quickly learn to create programs containing multiple triggers or actions.
Analysis of INS Derived Doppler Effects on Carrier Tracking Loop (2005)

Tracking dynamics on the GPS signal is still a big challenge to the receiver designer as the operating conditions are becoming more volatile. Optimizing the stand-alone system for dynamics generally degrades the accuracy of measurements. Therefore, an inertial navigation system (INS) is integrated with GPS to address this issue. Doppler derived from INS can be used to aid the carrier tracking loop for improving the performance under dynamic conditions. However, the derived doppler does not truly reflect the GPS signal doppler due to errors in inertial sensors. As the tracking loop bandwidth is reduced significantly in ultra-tightly integrated systems, any offsets in the aiding doppler creates undesired correlations in the tracking loop resulting in sub-optimal performance of the loop. The paper addresses this issue and also provides a mitigating mechanism to reduce the effects of incorrect estimates of the doppler. It is shown that doppler offsets resulting in a bias in the tracking loop can be appropriately modelled and removed. Mathematical algorithms pertaining to this are provided and the results are summarized. Simulations show that the bias due to aiding doppler offsets could be effectively addressed by appropriate modelling.
In Vivo Tibial XFR Measurement of Bone Lead (1990)

In vivo X-ray-induced K X-ray fluorescence is a non-invasive technique which provides a safe and accurate method for estimating cumulative absorption in epidemiologic studies.
60.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper:</i> An Improved Current Driving Method for 256‐Level Full Color Active Matrix OLED Displays (2004)

Abstract Because full‐color OLED displays are RGB and the current‐luminance characteristics of OLED devices differ from one another, their white balance adjustment is difficult. Another problem is that OLED displays draw a large current when images are displayed at high luminance, which causes heating and deterioration. We propose an improved current driving method to solve both problems, and we developed a current‐output source driver IC which achieves 256 levels each for RGB, and a full‐color active‐matrix OLED display with a 3.46‐inch diagonal and current‐driven 320 RGB × 240 pixels (QVGA).
Involvement of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in the Rapid Induction of the 78-kDa Glucose-regulated Protein in 9L Rat Brain Tumor Cells (1998)

We have previously shown that treatment with okadaic acid (OA) followed by heat shock (HS) (termed OA --> HS treatment) leads to rapid transactivation of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein gene (grp78) in 9L rat brain tumor cells. A cAMP-responsive element-like (CRE-like, TGACGTGA) promoter sequence and a protein kinase A signaling pathway are involved in this induction, and activation of both CRE binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) is required in the above process. Herein, we report that transactivation of grp78, as well as phosphorylation/activation of ATF-2, can be completely annihilated by SB203580, a highly specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38(MAPK)). Activation of p38(MAPK) by OA --> HS is also substantiated by its own phosphorylation as well as the phosphorylation and activation of MAPK activating protein kinase-2 in cells subjected to this treatment. The involvement of p38(MAPK) in the activation of ATF-2, which leads to the transactivation of rat grp78, is confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a probe containing the CRE-like sequence as well as by transient transfection assays with a plasmid containing a 710-base pair stretch of the grp78 promoter. Together with our previous studies, these results led us to conclude that phosphorylation/activation of CREB upon OA --> HS treatment is mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, whereas that of ATF-2 is mediated by p38(MAPK). The transcription factors may bind to each other to form heterodimers that in turn transactivate grp78 by binding to the CRE-like element. This suggests that distinct signaling pathways converge on CREB-ATF-2, where each subunit is individually activated by a specific class of protein kinases. This may allow modulation of grp78 transactivation by diverse external stimuli.