gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sea urchin satellite deoxyribonucleic acid. Its large-scale isolation and hybridization with homologous ribosomal ribonucleic acid (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSea urchin satellite deoxyribonucleic acid. Its large-scale isolation and hybridization with homologous ribosomal ribonucleic acidJames B. Patterson and Darrel W. StaffordCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 5, 1278–1283Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00807a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00807a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solid-Solution Nanoparticles:  Use of a Nonhydrolytic Sol−Gel Synthesis To Prepare HfO<sub>2</sub> and Hf<i><sub>x</sub></i>Zr<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals (2004)

A nonhydrolytic sol−gel process closely following that of Hyeon et al. for the synthesis of ZrO2 nanocrystals (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 6553−6557) was used to synthesize highly crystalline and monodisperse HfO2 nanoparticles. Reactions of hafnium isopropoxide with hafnium halides at high temperature in a strongly coordinating solvent yield nanometer-sized particles of HfO2. The size, shape, and crystalline phase of the hafnia particles depend on both the reaction temperature and the halide. The nonhydrolytic cross-condensation method was also extended to the binary metal oxides nanocrystals, i.e., HfO2−ZrO2, ZrO2−TiO2, and HfO2−TiO2. Efforts to prepare nanocrystals of HfxZr1-xO2 over a wide range of x were successful; however, this method could not be used to prepare either ZrxTi1-xO2 or HfxTi1-xO2. In conjunction with X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy identifies the structural phase of the nanocrystals and also proves the formation of the Hf−Zr solid solution nanoparticles via the cross-condensation method. In the case of HfxZr1-xO2, for x < 0.5, highly monodisperse, roughly spherical particles of tetragonal HfxZr1-xO2 were formed, while for x > 0.5, small nanorods of the monoclinic phase of the binary oxide were obtained.
Auto-activation of the Apoptosis Protein Bax Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability and Is Inhibited by Bcl-2 (2006)

Interactions among Bcl-2 family proteins mediated by Bcl-2 homology (BH) regions transform apoptosis signals into actions. The interactions between BH3 region-only proteins and multi-BH region proteins such as Bax and Bcl-2 have been proposed to be the dominant interactions required for initiating apoptosis. Experimental evidence also suggests that both homo- and hetero-interactions are mediated primarily by the BH3 regions in all Bcl-2 family proteins and contribute to commitment to or inhibition of apoptosis. We found that a peptide containing the BH3 helix of Bax was not sufficient to activate recombinant Bax to permeabilize mitochondria. However, an extended peptide containing the BH3 helix and additional downstream sequences activated Bax to permeabilize mitochondria and liposomes. Bcl-2 inhibited the membrane-permeabilizing activity of peptide-activated Bax. This activity of Bcl-2 was inhibited by the extended but not the BH3-only peptide despite both peptides binding to Bcl-2 with similar affinity. Further, membrane-bound Bax activation intermediates directly activated soluble Bax further permeabilizing the membrane. Bcl-2 inhibited Bax auto-activation. We therefore propose that Bax auto-activation amplifies the initial death signal produced by BH3-only proteins and that Bcl-2 functions as an inhibitor of Bax auto-activation.
A Single‐Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of Fluorescent DNA–Protein Conjugates for Nanobiotechnology (2006)

The development of nanobiotechnological devices requires the ability to build various components with nanometer accuracy. DNA is a well-established nanoscale building block that self assembles due to specific interactions that are encoded in its sequence. Recently, it has become possible to couple proteins to DNA, thereby expanding the capabilities of DNA for use with molecular photonics and bioelectronics. Here, we present the design and characterization of a supramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system by using a fluorescent protein bound to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), a fluorophore attached to a second ssDNA molecule, and a complementary strand for hybridizing the two fluorophores together. The FRET efficiency was studied by using both ensemble and single-pair FRET measurements. The distance between the two fluorophores was determined from the single-pair FRET efficiency and could be described by a simple cylindrical model for the DNA. Hence, DNA can be used as a scaffold for positioning fluorescent proteins, as well as traditional fluorophores, with nanometer accuracy and shows great potential for use in the future of nanobiotechnology.
Autonomic scaling of Cloud Computing resources using BN-based prediction models (2013)

The recent surge in the popularity and usage of Cloud Computing services by both the enterprise and individual consumers has necessitated efficient and proactive management of data center resources which host services having varied characteristics. One of the major issues concerning both the cloud service providers and consumers is the automatic scalability of resources (i.e., compute, storage and bandwidth) in response to the highly unpredictable demands. To this end, an opportunity exists to harness the predictive and diagnostic capabilities of machine learning approaches to incorporate dynamic scaling up and scaling down of resources without violating the Service Level Agreements (SLA) and simultaneously ensuring adequate revenue to the providers. This paper proposes, implements and evaluates a Bayesian Networks based predictive modeling framework to provide for an autonomic scaling of utility computing resources in the Cloud Computing scenario. In essence, the BN-based model captures the historical behavior of the system involving various performance metrics (indicators) and predicts the desired unknown metric (e.g. SLA parameter). Initial simulated experiments involving random demand scenarios provide insights into the feasibility and applicability of the proposed approach for improving the management of present data center facilities.
XeCl excimer laser excited by longitudinal discharge (1983)

XeCl excimer laser excited by longitudinal gas discharge is reported. The main characteristics of the laser output and the laser energy in dependence of the operating parameters were measured. The laser pulse duration was 35 ns and the maximum laser energy 317 μJ with improvement by preionization.
Sr3Al2O5Cl2, ein Oxohalogenoaluminat mit Ba3Fe2O5Cl2-Struktur (1986)

Preparation de monocristaux par reaction a l'etat solide. Cristallisation dans le systeme orthorhombique, groupe P2 1 2 1 2 1
New Quaternary Mammalian Faunas and Cave Deposits in the Zhoukoudian Area, Beijing (1997)

From 1985 to 1987, four new localities with abundant fossil mammals were dis-covered by Cao, Tian and others in the Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) area, Beijing. They are theEast, West, Shangdian and Donglingzi caves. The East Cave fauna consists of 28 speices ofmammals and its age is middle Early Pleistocene. The East Cave assemblage shows that a tem-perature-falling event took place at around 1.20 Ma B.P. at Zhoukoudian. Sixteen species ofmammals were collected from the West Cave, which are mainly forms of late Early Pleistoceneage. The West Cave fauna represents a transitional fauna from the East Cave fauna (dry-cold)to the fauna (warm) at locality 9. The Shangdian Cave fauna is composed of four forms, beingMiddle Pleistocene in age. The Donglingzi Cave fauna contains 21 Late Pleistocene forms. Inthe cave two fossil horizons may be distinguished. The age of the lower horizon is early LatePleistocene, which is equivalent to that of the New Cave fauna; while the fauna of the upper ho-rizon may be correlated with the Upper Cave fauna.
Potential folic acid antagonists. III. Deaza analogs of methotrexate. III. 1- and 3-deaza analogs of 2,4-diamino-6-[(N-methylanilino)methyl]pteridine (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential folic acid antagonists. III. Deaza analogs of methotrexate. III. 1- and 3-deaza analogs of 2,4-diamino-6-[(N-methylanilino)methyl]pteridineRobert Daryl Elliott, Carroll Temple Jr., and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 2, 533–536Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01266a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01266a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of monomeric permethylyttrocene derivatives. The crystal structures of Cp2*YN(SiMe3)2 and Cp2*YCH(SiMe3)2 (1986)

The reactions of Cp*2YCl·THF (2) with NaN(SiMe3)2 and LiCH(SiMe3)2 yield the monomeric complexes Cp*2YN(SiMe3)2 (3) and Cp*2YCH(SiMe3)2 (4), respectively. The crystal structures of 3 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The crystals of 3 are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 11.466 (2) Å, b = 15.684 (8) Å, c = 31.557 (9) Å, β = 96.36 (2)°, and Z = 8. The structure was refined to R = 0.044. The molecular structures of this complex feature remarkably short Y-N distances (2.274 (5) and 2.253 (5) Å) and Y-methyl contacts. Crystals of 4 are monoclinic, space group I2/c, with a = 17.998 (8) Å, b = 21.758 (8) Å, c = 14.591 (4) Å, β = 92.39 (3)°, and Z = 8. The structure was refined to R = 0.073. The molecular structure exhibits besides a short Y-methyl contact an "α-agostic Y···CH interaction". The yttrium-methyl interactions were also studied by solid-state CP 13C NMR. At room temperature 3 shows two and 4 shows three separate resonances of methyl groups bonded to silicon, supporting the conclusion that in 4 the methyl-yttrium interaction is stronger than in 3. A convenient synthesis of Cp*Na (1) is described.
An Address on Alcohol and on Drainage (1883)

GBNTLEMEN,-TO you, the members of the South Midland Branch, who have conferred on me to-day the honour of electing me your President, I beg to return my warmest thanks; and, together with my friends in Bedford, rejoice in having once more an opportunity of social meeting and profitable discussion.
A 7 MHz 24-bit pipelined accumulator in 1.2- mu m CMOS for application as a numerically controlled oscillator (2002)

To accomplish timing recovery/synthesis in high-speed communication systems, a 24-b numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) chip using a circuit design technique called true single-phase clock (TSPC) pipelined CMOS has been fabricated in a standard 1.2- mu m CMOS process. The 1.7-mm*1.7-mm IC has a maximum input clock rate of 700 MHz and dissipates 850 mW of power, which is substantially lower than similar ECL and GaAs devices. The digital NCO technique results in a frequency-tuning resolution and open-loop control linearity which cannot be achieved by analog approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Initial safety, tolerability pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of CI-1007 in patients with schizophrenia. (1998)

CI-1007 is a novel dopamine autoreceptor agonist and partial dopamine D2/D3 agonist that is currently under development for the treatment of schizophrenia. This single-blind, rising, multiple-dose, inpatient bridging study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CI-1007 in consecutive panels of patients with schizophrenia. Following a 4-day placebo washout period, 16 patients (4 per panel) were assigned to receive one of four fixed-dosage regimens of CI-1007 (5, 10, 15, or 20 mg q12h for 9 doses). CI-1007 was generally well tolerated over the dose range evaluated. Adverse events, including mild to moderate sporadic orthostatic hypotension and/or nausea and vomiting, were most commonly observed after the initial drug dose and decreased after repeated dosing. Serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) increased following the administration of CI-1007, confirming its central dopamine agonist activity. Changes in serum prolactin were not related to dose. The pharmacokinetics of CI-1007 and its active metabolite appear linearly related to dose. The results of this study suggest that patients with schizophrenia tolerate slightly higher initial doses of CI-1007 than do healthy subjects.
Immediate‐type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review (2016)

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) or macrogols are polyether compounds widely used in medical and household products. Although generally considered biologically inert, cases of mild to life-threatening immediate-type PEG hypersensitivity are reported with increasing frequency. Nevertheless, awareness of PEG's allergenic potential remains low, due to a general lack of suspicion towards excipients and insufficient product labelling. Information on immediate-type reactions to PEG is limited to anecdotal reports, and the potential for PEG sensitization and cross-sensitization to PEGylated drugs and structurally related derivatives is likely underestimated. Most healthcare professionals have no knowledge of PEG and thus do not suspect PEG's as culprit agents in hypersensitivity reactions. In consequence, patients are at risk of misdiagnosis and commonly present with a history of repeated, severe reactions to a range of unrelated products in hospital and at home. Increased awareness of PEG prevalence, PEG hypersensitivity, and improved access to PEG allergy testing, should facilitate earlier diagnosis and reduce the risk of inadvertent re-exposure. This first comprehensive review provides practical information for allergists and other healthcare professionals by describing the clinical picture of 37 reported cases of PEG hypersensitivity since 1977, summarizing instances where PEG hypersensitivity should be considered and proposing an algorithm for diagnostic management.
Novel Insights into the Mechanism of Action of FTY720 in a Transgenic Model of Allograft Rejection: Implications for Therapy of Chronic Rejection (2006)

FTY720 is a high-affinity agonist at the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 that prevents lymphocyte egress from lymphoid tissue and prolongs allograft survival in several animal models of solid organ transplantation. In this study we used a recently developed adoptive transfer model of TCR transgenic T cells to track allospecific CD4+ T cell expansion and trafficking characteristics, cytokine secretion profiles, and surface phenotype in vivo in the setting of FTY720 administration. We report that FTY720 administration had no effect on alloantigen-driven T cell activation, proliferation, acquisition of effector-memory function, or T cell apoptosis. However, FTY720 caused a reversible sequestration of alloantigen-specific effector-memory T cells in regional lymphoid tissue associated with a decrease in T cell infiltration within the allograft and a subsequent prolongation in allograft survival. Furthermore, delayed administration of FTY720 in a cardiac model of chronic allograft rejection attenuated the progression of vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis consistent with the hypothesis that FTY720 interrupts the trafficking of activated effector-memory T cells. These data have important implications for targeting the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 in solid organ transplantation.
A sliding mode observer of road condition estimation for four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicles (2014)

A new strategy for the electric vehicle (EV) with individual four-wheel drive acquiring maximum acceleration while avoiding tire skid is proposed in this paper. The vehicle longitudinal dynamic model based on the LuGre friction dynamic was built. A sliding mode observer (SMO), which is based on the vehicle dynamic model, was proposed to estimate the slip of tires and vehicle speed under unknown road conditions by measuring electromagnetic torques and the angular velocity of four motors. Due to the slip estimation, the vehicle velocity sensor is not needed. The maximum torque of each motor can be determined in real time, thus the vehicle can acquire maximum acceleration without slipping. Finally, the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by simulation of an electric vehicle model under different road conditions.
Cloning,<i>in vitro</i>transcription, and biological activity of<i>Escherichia coli</i>23S ribosomal RNA (1990)

The 23S rRNA gene was excised from the rrnB operon of pKK3535 and ligated into pUC19 behind the strong class III T7 promoter so that the correct 5' end of mature 23S RNA was produced upon transcription by T7 RNA polymerase. At the 3' end, generation of a restriction site for linearization required the addition of 2 adenosine residues to the mature 23S sequence. In vitro runoff transcripts were indistinguishable from natural 23S RNA in size on denaturing gels and in 5'-terminal sequence. The length and sequence of the 3' terminal T1 fragment was also as expected from the DNA sequence, except that an additional C, A, or U residue was added to 21%, 18%, or 5% of the molecules, respectively. Typical transcription reactions yielded 500-700 moles RNA per mole template. This transcript was used as a substrate for methyl transfer from S-adenosyl methionine catalyzed by Escherichia coli cell extracts. The majority (50-65%) of activity observed in a crude (S30) extract appeared in the post-ribosomal supernatant (S100). Activities catalyzing formation of m5C, m5U, m2G, and m6A residues in the synthetic transcript were observed.
Single-chain antibodies: A therapeutic modality for cancer gene therapy (Review) (2004)

Gene therapy has rapidly evolved into a field that is treating not only inborn errors of metabolism, but other diseases associated with poor outcomes such as malignancy, where transient gene expression can be therapeutic. Cancer gene therapy is a novel form of treatment that exploits differences at the molecular level between normal and malignant cells. Current gene therapy approaches that are being evaluated include the use of replication competent viruses, mutation compensation strategies, improved targeting with tumor specific promoters, and the utilization of enhanced infectivity viruses. An additional aspect of gene therapy that has gained increased interest in the last several years is the utilization of single-chain antibodies (scFv). Specifically, scFv have been utilized to target molecular processes associated with carcinogenesis, as well as to improve gene transfer efficiency. We will limit our discussion to the role of scFv in targeting molecular processes associated with carcinogenesis.
Activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in the Rat Cerebral Cortex after Transient Global Ischemia: Potential Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (2002)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates the adaptive response to hypoxia in mammalian cells. It consists of a regulatory subunit HIF-1alpha, which accumulates under hypoxic conditions, and a constitutively expressed subunit HIF-1beta. In this study we analyzed HIF-1alpha expression in the rat cerebral cortex after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Our results showed that HIF-1alpha accumulates as early as 1 hr of recovery and persists for at least 7 d. In addition, the expression of HIF-1 target genes, erythropoietin and Glut-1, were induced at 12 hr to 7d of recovery. A logical explanation for HIF-1alpha accumulation might be that the brain remained hypoxic for prolonged periods after resuscitation. By using the hypoxic marker 2-(2-nitroimidazole-1[H]-y1)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)-acetamide (EF5), we showed that the brain is hypoxic during the first hours of recovery from cardiac arrest, but the tissue is no longer hypoxic at 2 d. Thus, the initial ischemic episode must have activated other nonhypoxic mechanisms that maintain prolonged HIF-1alpha accumulation. One such mechanism might be initiated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Our results showed that IGF-1 expression was upregulated after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. In addition, we showed that IGF-1 was able to induce HIF-1alpha in pheochromocytoma cells and cultured neurons as well as in the brain of rats that received intracerebroventricular and systemic IGF-1 infusion. Moreover, infusion of a selective IGF-1 receptor antagonist abrogates HIF-1alpha accumulation after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Our study suggest that activation of HIF-1 might be part of the mechanism by which IGF-1 promotes cell survival after cerebral ischemia.