gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network firewalls (1994)

Computer security is a hard problem. Security on networked computers is much harder. Firewalls (barriers between two networks), when used properly, can provide a significant increase in computer security. The authors classify firewalls into three main categories: packet filtering, circuit gateways, and application gateways. Commonly, more than one of these is used at the same time. Their examples and discussion relate to UNIX systems and programs. The majority of multiuser machines on the Internet run some version of the UNIX operating system. Most application-level gateways are implemented in UNIX. This is not to say that other operating systems are more secure; however, there are fewer of them on the Internet, and they are less popular as targets for that reason. But the principles and philosophy apply to network gateways built on other operating systems as well. Their focus is on the TCP/IP protocol suite, especially as used on the Internet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the verification and validation of protocols with high fault coverage using UIO sequences (2003)

Various new classes of unique input/output (UIO) sequences for verification and validation (conformance testing) of protocols modeled as finite state machines (FSMs) are presented. The proposed sequences are referred to as adaptive because test sequence generation is not a mere concatenation of test subsequences for all edges of the FSM, but rather subsequences are concatenated using appropriate conditions in the UIO sequence for length minimization and no degradation of fault coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated Simultaneous Determination of Ammonia and Total Amino Acids in Ruminal Fluid and In Vitro Media (1980)

Catalyzed phenol-hypochlorite and ninhydrin colorimetric procedures were adapted to the Technicon AutoAnalyzer for simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid or ruminal in vitro media. The manifold developed was compatible with a sampling rate of 40/h without significant sample-to-sample carryover. With proper storage, reagents for both the phenol-hypochlorite and the air-stable ninhydrin systems were stable for 8 mo or more. Response of individual amino acids in the phenol-hypochlorite system were generally 1% or less than equimolar amounts of ammonia. Certain amino acids inhibited ammonia color yield 10 to 15% when with equimolar amounts of ammonia; however, the inhibitory effect of casein amino acids was only 2 to 3%. Although ninhydrin response, relative to leucine, of individual alpha-amino acids ranged from 62 (valine) to 151% (histidine), recoveries of casein amino acids from ruminal fluid had coefficients of variation of 1% or less. Coefficients of variation for ammonia recoveries from ruminal fluid by the phenol-hypochlorite procedure were about half of those for the Conway microdiffusion technique. Intraclass correlations for the adapted procedures indicated high degrees of accuracy and precision for both ammonia and amino acid analyses.
Dicopper(I) trefoil knots and related unknotted molecular systems: influence of ring size and structural factors on their synthesis and electrochemical and excited-state properties (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDicopper(I) trefoil knots and related unknotted molecular systems: influence of ring size and structural factors on their synthesis and electrochemical and excited-state propertiesChristiane O. Dietrich-Buchecker, Jean Francois Nierengarten, Jean Pierre Sauvage, Nicola Armaroli, Vincenzo Balzani, and Luisa De ColaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 24, 11237–11244Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00077a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00077a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1598Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An ECG patch combining a customized ultra-low-power ECG SoC with Bluetooth low energy for long term ambulatory monitoring (2011)

This paper presents the development of an ECG patch aiming at long term patient monitoring. The use of the recently standardized Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, together with a customized ultra-low-power ECG System on Chip (ECG SoC). including Digital Signal Processing (DSP) capabilities, enables the design of ultra low power systems able to continuously monitor patients, performing on board signal processing such as filtering, data compression, beat detection and motion artifact removal along with all the advantages provided by a standard radio technology such as Bluetooth. Early tests show how combining the ECG SoC and BLE leads to a total current consumption of only 500μA at 3.7V, while computing beat detection and transmitting heart rate remotely via BLE. This allows up to one month lifetime with a 400mAh Li-Po battery.
Glycoconjugates facing the outside world (1997)

Conference Article| February 01 1997 Glycoconjugates facing the outside world I. Carlstedt; I. Carlstedt 1Mucosal Biology Group, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Section for Molecular Pathogenesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 94, 5–221 00 Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Davies J. R. Davies 2Mucosal Biology Group, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Section for Molecular Pathogenesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 94, 5–221 00 Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (1): 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250214 Article history Received: August 27 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation I. Carlstedt, J. R. Davies; Glycoconjugates facing the outside world. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1997; 25 (1): 214–219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250214 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: LDL, low-density lipoprotein, ASGP-1, ascites sialoglycoprotein-1 This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Quantitative analysis of summer air masses in the eastern United States and an application to human mortality (1996)

A recently developed continental-scale air mass-based classification is used to identify the spatial occurrences of 6 air masses (dry polar, dry temperate, dry tropical, moist polar, moist temperate, and moist tropical) in the eastern United States for summer from 1961 to 1990. This procedure, the spatial synoptic classification (SSC), is based on 'seed' day identification of synoptic events and discriminant analysis to group days together which are within the same air mass type. Thus, the evaluation of the frequency and modification of air masses across a large region is possible. Using the SSC, maps of air mass frequencies and afternoon temperatures and dew points are developed. Rates of modification are determined as each air mass traverses the region. As an example of the environmental applicability of the SSC, the impact of climate upon human mortality is analyzed at 3 climatically different locations (New Orleans, LA; Memphis, TN; and Chicago, IL). Results show how the day-to-day mortality fluctuations are sensitive to air mass type. A particular air mass which is associated with distinctly high mortality is identified for Memphis and Chicago; no such air mass is apparent for New Orleans, where the weather/mortality signal is very weak.
Beam position monitor (2000)

An apparatus for determining the position of an x-ray beam relative to a desired beam axis where the apparatus is positioned along the beam path so that a thin metal foil target intersects the x-ray beam generating fluorescent radiation. A PIN diode array is positioned so that a portion of the fluorescent radiation is intercepted by the array resulting in a series of electrical signals from the PIN diodes making up the array. The signals are then analyzed and the position of the x-ray beam is determined relative to the desired beam path.
Speed Control of Large Induction Motors by Thyristor Converters (1969)

An efficient method for achieving continuously variable speed control of slip ring induction motors with fan-type load is described in which the motor slip is controlled by a thyristor converter. By means of motor winding tap changes, the rating of the thyristor converter is reduced to a fraction, typically one third, of the motor. The reactive kVA associated with the converter is similarly reduced and the system full-load power factor is ideally 0.95. The motor starting current is controlled to be about one third of rated current. The scheme enables the initial cost of solid-state speed controls for large motors to be competitive with existing methods and additionally offers greater reliability, efficiency, and versatility, as well as reduced operating costs. The techniques discussed are especially suitable for motors ranging from tens to thousands of horsepower.
Advances in the pharmacotherapy of cystic fibrosis (1992)

The quality of life and life-span of cystic fibrosis patients have been improved substantially in the last 20 or 30 years. This has been accomplished largely through improved early diagnosis and advances in traditional pharmacotherapy which mainly consists of antibiotic therapy. In the past few years, the basic cellular defect of cystic fibrosis, as well as the gene determining the disease, have been described. These milestones in the quest for knowledge about the disease open the door for other innovative forms of therapy. While corrective gene therapy may be the ultimate result of advances made based upon this new knowledge, we will probably see earlier breakthroughs in the form of immune reaction inhibition and correction of ion flux disturbances. Each of these present and future forms of therapy is explored in this paper.
Independently contacted two-dimensional electron systems in double quantum wells (1990)

A new technique for creating independent ohmic contacts to closely spaced two-dimensional electron systems in double quantum well (DQW) structures is described. Without use of shallow diffusion or precisely controlled etching methods, the present technique results in low-resistance contacts which can be electrostatically switched between the two-conducting layers. The method is demonstrated with a DQW consisting of two 200 Å GaAs quantum wells separated by a 175 Å AlGaAs barrier. A wide variety of experiments on Coulomb and tunnel-coupled 2D electron systems is now accessible.
NOX2 activated by α<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptors modulates hepatic metabolic routes stimulated by β-adrenoceptors (2011)

The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes oxidase catalyzes the transport of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen and generates O(2)(•-), which is rapidly converted into H(2)O(2). We aimed to identify in hepatocytes the protein NOX complex responsible for H(2)O(2) synthesis after α(1)-adrenoceptor (α(1)-AR) stimulation, its activation mechanism, and to explore H(2)O(2) as a potential modulator of hepatic metabolic routes, gluconeogenesis, and ureagenesis, stimulated by the ARs. The dormant NOX2 complex present in hepatocyte plasma membrane (HPM) contains gp91(phox), p22(phox), p40(phox), p47(phox), p67(phox) and Rac 1 proteins. In HPM incubated with NADPH and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), α(1)-AR-mediated H(2)O(2) synthesis required all of these proteins except for p40(phox). A functional link between α(1)-AR and NOX was identified as the Gα(13) protein. Alpha(1)-AR stimulation in hepatocytes promotes Rac1-GTP generation, a necessary step for H(2)O(2) synthesis. Negative cross talk between α(1)-/β-ARs for H(2)O(2) synthesis was observed in HPM. In addition, negative cross talk of α(1)-AR via H(2)O(2) to β-AR-mediated stimulation was recorded in hepatocyte gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, probably involving aquaporine activity. Based on previous work we suggest that H(2)O(2), generated after NOX2 activation by α(1)-AR lightening in hepatocytes, reacts with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) subunits to form an oxidized PKA, insensitive to cAMP activation that prevented any rise in the rate of gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis.
Survival, Physiology, and Lysis of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> in the Digestive Tract (1999)

The survival and the physiology of lactococcal cells in the different compartments of the digestive tracts of rats were studied in order to know better the fate of ingested lactic acid bacteria after oral administration. For this purpose, we used strains marked with reporter genes, the luxA-luxB gene of Vibrio harveyi and the gfp gene of Aequora victoria, that allowed us to differentiate the inoculated bacteria from food and the other intestinal bacteria. Luciferase was chosen to measure the metabolic activity of Lactococcus lactis in the digestive tract because it requires NADH, which is available only in metabolically active cells. The green fluorescent protein was used to assess the bacterial lysis independently of death. We report not only that specific factors affect the cell viability and integrity in some digestive tract compartments but also that the way bacteria are administrated has a dramatic impact. Lactococci which transit with the diet are quite resistant to gastric acidity (90 to 98% survival). In contrast, only 10 to 30% of bacteria survive in the duodenum. Viable cells are metabolically active in each compartment of the digestive tract, whereas most dead cells appear to be subject to rapid lysis. This property suggests that lactococci could be used as a vector to deliver specifically into the duodenum the proteins produced in the cytoplasm. This type of delivery vector would be particularly appropriate for targeting digestive enzymes such as lipase to treat pancreatic deficiencies.
Importance of Complement Source in Measuring Meningococcal Bactericidal Titers (2001)

Complement-mediated bactericidal antibodies in serum confer protection against meningococcal disease. The minimum protective titer is estimated to be between 1:4 and 1:8 when measured by the Goldschneider assay performed with human complement, the assay used in the 1960s to establish the correlation between bactericidal antibodies and protection. A more recently described bactericidal assay standardized by an international consortium uses rabbit complement, which is known to augment bactericidal titers. To define a protective titer measured by the standardized assay, we compared bactericidal titers against serogroup C strains measured by this assay to titers measured by the assay described by Goldschneider et al. A titer of > or =1:128 measured by the standardized assay was needed to predict with > or =80% certainty a positive titer of > or =1:4 as measured by the Goldschneider assay. However, the majority of samples with titers of 1:4 measured by the Goldschneider assay had titers of <1:128 when measured by the standardized assay. Therefore, by the results of the standardized assay such persons would be falsely categorized as being susceptible to disease. In conclusion, high bactericidal titers measured with the standardized assay performed with rabbit complement are predictive of protection, but no threshold titer is both sensitive and specific for predicting a positive titer measured by the Goldschneider assay using human complement. Up to 10% of the U.S. adult population lacks intrinsic bactericidal activity against serogroup C strains in serum and can serve as complement donors. Therefore, use of the Goldschneider assay or an equivalent assay performed with human complement is preferred over assays that use rabbit complement.
Accurate RF and microwave system level modeling of wideband nonlinear circuits (2002)

Accurate system level simulation is indispensable for efficient RF communication system design. However system level models of nonlinear circuits are today very limited by their inability to handle nonlinear memory effects. The paper describes a new approach of system-level modeling which accounts efficiently for nonlinear envelope memory effects of wideband amplifiers, multipliers and mixers.
A Metathesis-Based Approach to the Synthesis of 2-Pyridones and Pyridines (2007)

The ring-closing metathesis reaction has been successfully employed to form a range of dihydropyridone intermediates, which are in the correct oxidation state to undergo a base-induced elimination to reveal the aromatic 2-pyridone. This mild and novel approach to six-membered heteroaromatic compounds then provides access to a wide variety of substituted pyridines in excellent overall yield.
Sensitive, rapid assay of subforms of creatine kinase MB in plasma. (1989)

The subforms of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in plasma have received recent attention as potential markers for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Because changes in CK-MM subforms are not specific for myocardial injury, we developed an assay, based on high-voltage electrophoresis, that is sufficiently sensitive to detect the CK-MB subforms at concentrations substantially below the upper limit of normal (14 U/L). The assay can detect 1.25 U of either MB subform per liter with a precision of 0.20 U/L and gives responses that vary linearly with activity concentration from 0.0 through 30.0 U/L, with an identical signal response for both subforms. When both subforms are present in a serum sample, the assay accurately measures both the relative percentage and the absolute quantity of each: assay activity/known activity was 1.03 for each subform at a total MB subform activity of 5.0 U/L (r = 0.98). Assay time is 25 min, and there is no loss of CK during electrophoresis. Thus, this system can be used to rapidly, sensitively, and precisely quantify the two CK-MB subforms at activities well within the normal reference interval.
Detection of an Alteration in the Insulin-Receptor Gene in a Patient with Insulin Resistance, Acanthosis Nigricans, and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Type A Insulin Resistance) (1988)

SEVERE insulin resistance is the central metabolic feature of a number of clinically diverse syndromes,1 including the type A syndrome (young female patients with insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and virilization),2 leprechaunism,3 the Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome,4 and lipoatropic diabetes.5 A reduced expression or function of insulin receptors has been demonstrated in freshly obtained cells from a number of patients with these diseases.2 , 6 7 8 9 The existence of familial clusterings and the presence of defects in cultured cell lines7 , 10 11 12 have led to the view that receptor defects in these disorders may be primary. The cloning of the complementary DNA (cDNA) of the normal human insulin . . .
A snapshot of food supply chain in Wuhan under the COVID-19 pandemic (2020)

Purpose The objective is to have a better understanding of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain in Wuhan. Design/methodology/approach Through a simplified flow, the authors qualitatively analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain. Data was gathered through a telephone survey of food suppliers in Wuhan. Findings The prevention measures of the COVID-19 pandemic had negative impacts on food supply chain in Wuhan. About 83.1% of food suppliers experienced a decrease in revenues. This is influenced by factors including food category on sale, purchase channel of food, food supplier's household registration and the number of the COVID-19 patients in the located community. Research limitations/implications Due to the limitation of available data, there is a lack of quantitative analysis on the impact on food supply chain. The sample size of food suppliers is limited. Practical implications This study identifies the challenges in the food supply chain resulting from the control measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan and provides a reference for the design of control measures in other regions. Originality/value This study supplements the literature regarding the impact of public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic on food supply chain, especially food suppliers' revenues.
Comparison of autofluorescence, diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy for breast tissue discrimination (2008)

For a given diagnostic problem, important considerations are the relative performances of the various optical biopsy techniques. A comparative evaluation of fluorescence, diffuse reflectance, combined fluorescence and diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy in discriminating different histopathologic categories of human breast tissues is reported. Optical spectra were acquired ex vivo from a total of 74 breast tissue samples belonging to 4 distinct histopathologic categories: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), fibroadenoma (FA), and normal breast tissue. A probability-based multivariate statistical algorithm capable of direct multiclass classification was developed to analyze the diagnostic content of the spectra measured from the same set of breast tissue sites with these different techniques. The algorithm uses the theory of nonlinear maximum representation and discrimination feature for feature extraction, and the theory of sparse multinomial logistic regression for classification. The results reveal that the performance of Raman spectroscopy is superior to that of all others in classifying the breast tissues into respective histopathologic categories. The best classification accuracy was observed to be approximately 99%, 94%, 98%, and 100% for IDC, DCIS, FA, and normal breast tissues, respectively, on the basis of leave-one-sample-out cross-validation, with an overall accuracy of approximately 99%.