gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis (2012)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the connective tissue and progresses with age in the older population or develops in young athletes following sports-related injury. The articular cartilage is especially vulnerable to damage and has poor potential for regeneration because of the absence of vasculature within the tissue. Normal load-bearing capacity and biomechanical properties of thinning cartilage are severely compromised during the course of disease progression. Although surgical and pharmaceutical interventions are currently available for treating OA, restoration of normal cartilage function has been difficult to achieve. Since the tissue is composed primarily of chondrocytes distributed in a specialized extracellular matrix bed, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), also known as bone marrow-derived 'mesenchymal stem cells' or 'mesenchymal stromal cells', with inherent chondrogenic differentiation potential appear to be ideally suited for therapeutic use in cartilage regeneration. BMSCs can be easily isolated and massively expanded in culture in an undifferentiated state for therapeutic use. Owing to their potential to modulate local microenvironment via anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions, BMSCs have an additional advantage for allogeneic application. Moreover, by secreting various bioactive soluble factors, BMSCs can protect the cartilage from further tissue destruction and facilitate regeneration of the remaining progenitor cells in situ. This review broadly describes the advances made during the last several years in BMSCs and their therapeutic potential for repairing cartilage damage in OA.
Formation and Repair of Pyridyloxobutyl DNA Adducts and Their Relationship to Tumor Yield in A/J Mice (2012)

The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a known human carcinogen. It generates methyl and pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts. The role of the methyl DNA adducts has been well-established in the tumorigenic properties of NNK. However, the role of the pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts is unclear. Four pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts have been characterized: 7-[4-3-(pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]guanine (7-pobG), O²-[4-3-(pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-cytodine (O²-pobC), O²-[4-3-(pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1yl]thymidine (O²-pobdT), and O⁶-[4-3-(pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxyguanosine (O⁶-pobdG). Mutagenic O⁶-pobdG is thought to contribute to the tumorigenic properties of the pyridyloxobutylation pathway. It is repaired by O⁶-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). To explore the role of O⁶-pobdG formation and repair in the tumorigenic properties of NNK, A/J mice were given single or multiple doses of the model pyridyloxobutylating agent 4-(acetoxymethyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc) in the presence or absence of the AGT depletor, O⁶-benzylguanine. Levels of the four pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts were measured in the lung at 8, 48, or 96 h following treatment and compared to the lung tumorigenic activity of these treatments. AGT depletion had only a modest effect on the levels of O⁶-pobdG and did not increase tumor formation. Three pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts, 7-pobG, O²-pobdT, and O⁶-pobdG, persisted in lung DNA at significant levels for up to 96 h post-treatment, suggesting that all three adducts may contribute to the tumorigenic properties of NNK.
The Application of Computers to the Classification of Streptococci (1968)

SUMMARY Computers were used for numerical studies as an aid to the classification of streptococci. The results obtained with 75 biochemical and physiological tests of 216 strains were examined by three different computer programmes. Two of these programmes formed clusters in general agreement with the well-established species and also formed three clusters among the viridans-like streptococci. These 3 clusters seem to provide a basis for the recognition of 3 divisions among the streptococci which are at present usually described as lacking adequate distinguishing characters.
Estrogen Causes Dynamic Alterations in Endothelial Estrogen Receptor Expression (2002)

Estrogen receptor (ER)alpha mediates many of the effects of estrogen on the vascular endothelium. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether estrogen modifies endothelial ERalpha expression. In experiments in cultured ovine endothelial cells, physiological concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2, 10(-10) to 10(-8) mol/L) caused an increase in ERalpha protein abundance that was evident after 6 hours of hormone exposure. Shorter (2-hour) E2 treatment caused ERalpha downregulation. In contrast to the upregulation in ERalpha after long-term E2, the expression of the other ER isoform, ERbeta, was downregulated. Both nonselective ER antagonism with ICI 182,780 and the inhibition of gene transcription with actinomycin D blocked the increase in ERalpha with E2. In studies using the human ERalpha gene promoter P-1 coupled to luciferase, an increase in ERalpha gene transcription was evident in endothelial cells within 4 hours of E2 exposure. The transcriptional activation was fully blocked by ICI 182,780, whereas the specific ERbeta antagonist RR-tetrahydrochrysene yielded partial blockade. Overexpression of ERalpha or ERbeta caused comparable 10- and 8-fold increases, respectively, in ERalpha promoter activation by E2. Thus, long-term exposure to E2 upregulates ERalpha expression in endothelial cells through the actions of either ERalpha or ERbeta on ERalpha gene transcription; in contrast, E2 causes ERbeta downregulation in the endothelium. We postulate that E2-induced changes in ERalpha and ERbeta expression modify the effects of the hormone on vascular endothelium.
Multi-criteria video segmentation for TV news (2002)

In the near future, personalized TV news programs should become a relevant method to access TV news. They will be produced from selecting and reordering "stories" contained in news programs. Automatic segmentation of news programs into story is an important step to reach this goal. We present a set rules for such segmentation. Methods for implementing these rules are based on image and sound analysis.
Adaptive spatial compounding for improving ultrasound images of the epidural space (2007)

Epidural anesthesia can be a difficult procedure, especially for inexperienced physicians. The use of ultrasound imaging can help by depicting the location of the epidural space to choose the needle trajectory appropriately. Anatomical features in the lower back are not always clearly visible because of speckle poor reflection from structures at certain angles, and shadows from bony surfaces. Spatial compounding has the potential to reduce speckle and emphasize structures by averaging a number of images taken at different isonation angles. However, the beam-steered images are not perfectly aligned due to non-constant speed of sound causing refraction errors. This means compounding can blur features. A non-rigid registration method, called warping, shifts each block of pixels of the beam-steered images in order to find the best alignment to the reference image without beam-steering. By applying warping, the features become sharper after compounding. To emphasize features further, edge detection is also applied to the individual images in order to select the best features for compounding. The warping and edge detection parameters are calculated in real-time for each acquired image. In order to reduce computational complexity, linear prediction of the warping vectors is used. The algorithm is tested on a phantom of the lower back with a linear probe. Qualitative comparisons are made among the original plus combinations of compounding, warping, edge detection and linear prediction. The linear gradient and Laplacian of a Gaussian are used to quantitatively assess the visibility of the bone boundaries and ligamentum flavum on the processed images. The results show a significant improvement in quality.
Traumatic brain injury enhances neuroinflammation and lesion volume in caveolin deficient mice (2014)

CCI caused astrocyte and microglial activation and hippocampal neuronal injury. Cav-1 and Cav-3 KO exhibited enhanced lesion volume and cytokine/chemokine production after CCI. These findings suggest that Cav isoforms may regulate neuroinflammatory responses and neuroprotection following TBI.
[Development of new treatment modalities for advanced head and neck carcinomas]. (2001)

In most new cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, especially in the pharynx and oral cavity, the tumors are advanced. Multidisciplinary treatments including chemotherapy in addition to definitive treatments, e.g., surgery and/or radiotherapy, have been applied. However, these treatments have not improved the poor prognosis for advanced head and neck carcinomas. A new curative treatment modality including chemotherapy and having a high complete response rate, e.g., a regimen consisting of taxanes, CDDP and 5-FU, is desirable. In addition, new therapeutic drugs against malignant solid tumors have been developed. The literature on thymidylate synthase inhibitor, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inactivator, p-glycoprotein inhibitor, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, antiangiogenic drugs, COX-2 inhibitor and retinoids that may be applied in cases of head and neck carcinoma in the future, are reviewed.
Polycondensation/pyrolysis of tris-s-triazine derivatives leading to graphite-like carbon nitrides (2001)

Polycondensation/pyrolysis of 2,5,8-tricarbodiimide-tris-s-triazine and its derivatives gave hexagonal graphite-like pseudo carbon nitrides, CH0.3–0.08N1.0–0.63, composed of tris-s-triazine nuclei. The materials were stable up to 600–800 °C under an inert atmosphere depending on their nitrogen content.
Analysis of Nicotine and Its Oxidation Products in Nicotine Chewing Gum by a Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction (1998)

Chromatographic stationary phases showing exceptional selectivity for nicotine can be prepared by the technique of molecular imprinting. Such phases were used in the search for a rapid cleanup step for nicotine and some of its oxidation products in chewing gum formulations. Thus, using an organic mobile phase, the nicotine analytes from chewing gums dissolved in nonpolar solvent were retained, whereas the nonpolar matrix eluted close to the void peak. A subsequent switch to an acidic mobile phase resulted in elution of the analytes as one sharp peak. Due to weak binding of the less basic oxidation products, other imprinted polymers were tested, and the solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized. Polymers were prepared using various functional and cross-linking monomers, templates, porogens and thermal treatments. This resulted in phases that, when compared with a nonimprinted or a C18 reversed-phase column, showed significantly higher recoveries of the analytes. Furthermore, no bleeding of template from the phases could be detected. The cleanup step was coupled off-line to reversed-phase HPLC, and the efficiency of the analysis was compared with and without the cleanup step. Three out of four analytes were quantitatively recovered using the imprinted phase, whereas, using the nonimprinted phase, only nicotine was recovered. Without the cleanup step, none of the analytes could be determined using the reversed-phase HPLC method.
Numerical Analysis of Blade Stress of Marine Propellers (2020)

Abstract In this study, a series of numerical calculations are carried out in ANSYS Workbench based on the unidirectional fluid–solid coupling theory. Using the DTMB 4119 propeller as the research object, a numerical simulation is set up to analyze the open water performance of the propeller, and the equivalent stress distribution of the propeller acting in the flow field and the axial strain of the blade are analyzed. The results show that FLUENT calculations can provide accurate and reliable calculations of the hydrodynamic load for the propeller structure. The maximum equivalent stress was observed in the blade near the hub, and the tip position of the blade had the largest stress. With the increase in speed, the stress and deformation showed a decreasing trend.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRIN IN PANCREATIC ISLETS OF NORMAL AND GENETICALLY OBESE MICE (1977)

Material with gastrin-like immunoreactivity has been extracted from micro-dissected islets and from antral mucosa of normal and genetically obese mice. The islet and antral extracts cross-reacted with antisera specific for the CO2H-terminal portion of human heptadecapeptide gastrin, but did not cross-react with antisera specific for the NH2-terminal region or with an antiserum specific for the entire, intact, molecule. With the antiserum showing highest cross- reactivity, the concentration of immunoreactive gastrin in normal islet tissue (138 pmol/g, standard human G17-I) was approximately 50% that in obese mouse islets (204 pmol/g) and 2% that in normal antral mucosa (6-1 nmol/g). Following fractionation on Sephadex G-50 the principal forms of gastrin in the islet and antral extracts had similar elution volumes to human heptadecapeptide gastrin, although other, probably smaller, forms of gastrin were also noted in the islet extracts.
A Device for Sampling of Human Alveolar Breath for the Measurement of Expired Volatile Organic Compounds (1990)

This report describes the development of a portable spirometer capable of collecting primarily alveolar breath into 1.8-L canisters for subsequent gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis. Based on CO2 measurements, greater than 97% of the breath collected is alveolar in origin. Sample collection takes place in approximately two minutes. Clean air for inhalation is provided by two organic vapor respirator cartridges. Studies of the breakthrough volume of test compounds at both the 5- and 50-micrograms/m3 levels indicate that each cartridge filter can be used to sample over 300 L of air and that this volume is not altered by intermittent use and storage of the filter for up to five days. In experiments designed to mimic human breathing, recoveries of test compounds through the device at the 5-mu/m3 level ranged from 87 to 112%. Essentially no volatile organic compound (VOC) memory (i.e., adsorption carryover by the device) was measured at the 50-micrograms/m3 level. The data suggest that the device can be used successfully for organic compounds with volatilities greater than that of p-dichlorobenzene.
Assessment of Differential Gene Expression Patterns in Human Colon Cancers (2000)

Using cDNA expression array technology, the authors identified genes with expression levels that are altered with metastasis. The ability to analyze and compare the expression patterns of multiple genes simultaneously provides a powerful technique to identify potential molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
Selective reactive ion etching of silicon nitride on oxide in a multifacet (‘‘HEX’’) plasma etching machine (1989)

A two-step process using CHF3 /CO2 and CHF3 /O2 gas mixtures for the reactive ion etching (RIE) of silicon nitride, which allows stopping on thin oxides, is described and analyzed. Taking into account the etch rate of silicon nitride, oxide, and photoresist, the etch rate nonuniformity, and the nonuniformity of the silicon nitride and oxide layers, the etching times can be chosen to insure three conditions: (i) complete removal of all silicon nitride, (ii) a finite fraction of the oxide remaining, and (iii) small linewidth losses. The process has been implemented in an AME 8110 ‘‘HEX’’ plasma etching machine. By controlling the uniformity of the HEX etch rates, it has been possible to etch 1200 Å of silicon nitride on 175 Å of pad oxide with an average of 108-Å oxide remaining (σ=10 Å). The number of stacking faults generated after B implantation and reoxidation is significantly reduced for samples etched with the two-step process as compared with RIE etches in which the pad oxide is removed completely and the Si therefore exposed to the reactive ions during the overetch.
Inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP and responses to COVID-19 (2020)

Expression of ACE2 in nasal epithelial cells is influenced by inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP. Type 1 inflammation in nasal tissue may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by upregulating ACE2 expression. However, clinical association between CRSwNP and COVID-19 is still unclear.
Transesterification of Sunflower Oil with Methanol in a Microtube Reactor (2009)

Transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using a KOH catalyst was performed in a microtube reactor. Oil conversion was significantly affected by microtube length, microtube diameter, the methanol/oil molar ratio, and reaction temperature. Flow patterns were observed in the transparent microtube under different operating conditions and were characterized by optical measurements. The relationship between flow pattern and oil conversion was examined. The flow pattern at the entrance region of the microtube was segmented flow of the methanol and oil phases. As the reaction progressed, fine droplets composed of the produced glycerol and methanol were dispersed and circulated in the oil segments. At a methanol/oil molar ratio of 23.9 at 60 °C, a quasi-homogeneous phase formed approximately 300 mm from the reaction inlet where the oil was completely converted to FAMEs.
Asymptotics and Special Functions (1997)

A classic reference, intended for graduate students mathematicians, physicists, and engineers, this book can be used both as the basis for instructional courses and as a reference tool.
A Layered Malware Detection Model Using VMM (2012)

Virtual machine monitor (VMM)-based anti-malware systems have recently become a popular research topic in finding ways of overcoming the fundamental limitations of traditional host-based anti-malware systems, which are likely to be deceived and attacked by malicious codes. This paper analyzes existing VMM-based models of malware detection. "Out-of-the-box" detection, active defense model, or In-VM models have the same defects: (1) on top of the VMM, two virtual machines are used, one by the user (Guest OS) and the other as monitor (Host OS), and (2) users cannot directly view the detection results nor configure detection system in the Guest OS. A layered detection model is proposed to overcome these issues, the bottom layer is responsible for security for the layers above it. Detection results can be directly displayed in the Guest OS, and users can view and configure the detection system. Furthermore, the detection model can isolate malware attacks to the detection system in the Guest OS. Experiment results show the validity of the proposed detection model.
A CMOS 16-bit 20MSPS analog front end for scanner/MFP applications (2003)

This paper presents a monolithic 16-bit analog front end (AFE) chip for CCD/CIS scanners and multifunction peripheral (MFP) systems incorporating a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a 3-channel high resolution correlated double sampler (CDS), a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and an on-chip voltage reference. The proposed AFE, fabricated in a Samsung Electronics Corporation's (SEC's) 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, occupies an active area of 8mm/sup 2/ and consumes 300 mW at a 3 V supply. For the full signal path (CDS-PGA-ADC), no missing code is guaranteed at a 16-bit resolution and typical differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are +1.3/-0.92 LSB and +6.7/-16.6 LSB, respectively.
The evolution of lamellar keratoplasty (2000)

Recent advancements in lamellar keratoplasty have two aspects: the refinement in surgical technique, which has improved postoperative visual outcomes and the transplantation of specific tissues of the donor cornea, such as limbal stem cells. Stem cell transplantation has expanded dramatically as a method of ocular surface reconstruction. Long-term prognosis for limbal allograft transplantation has recently been reported, and postoperative treatments including epithelial management and immunosuppression are now major topics to be studied.
A novel electrochemiluminescence strategy for ultrasensitive DNA assay using luminol functionalized gold nanoparticles multi-labeling and amplification of gold nanoparticles and biotin–streptavidin system (2010)

Luminol functionalized gold nanoparticles were used as labels for electrochemiluminescence signal amplification and an ultrasensitive, highly selective, convenient, low cost DNA detection strategy was developed.
Control strategies for complex relational query processing in shared nothing systems (1996)

In this paper, we present an original and complete methodology for supervising relational query processing in shared nothing systems. A new control mechanism is introduced which allows the detection and the correction of optimizer estimation errors and load imbalance. We especially focus on the management of intraprocessor communication and on the overlapping of communication and computation. Performance evaluations on an hypercube and a grid interconnection machine show the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed methods.
IL-8 is expressed by human peripheral blood eosinophils. Evidence for increased secretion in asthma. (1995)

Eosinophils possess the capacity to synthesize various cytokines. We demonstrate that IL-8 mRNA and protein are constitutively expressed by freshly isolated resting human eosinophils. Most of the patients with bronchial asthma or atopic dermatitis show evidence for up-regulated IL-8 protein expression in eosinophils but not in neutrophils, suggesting that an eosinophil-specific cytokine may act in these patients. To investigate whether the intracellular IL-8 can be released, eosinophils were stimulated by different cytokines and platelet-activating factor. Priming with granulocyte-macrophage CSF and a subsequent 25-min stimulation with RANTES or platelet-activating factor resulted in release of IL-8 from highly purified human eosinophils in vitro. As the eosinophil is the predominant cell in asthmatic inflammation, we determined IL-8 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from normal individuals and asthmatic patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with bronchial asthma consistently demonstrated high IL-8 concentration compared with the controls. This suggests that IL-8 is released in vivo by inflammatory bronchial cells in asthma.
Filters for soft x-ray solar telescopes (1990)

Soft x-ray telescopes require filters that block visible and infrared light and have good soft x-ray transmission. The optical properties of possible materials are discussed, and the fabrication and testing methods for the filters used in a 10-inch normal incidence telescope for X = 63 A are described. The best performances in the is. 44-1 14 A wavelength range are obtained with foils of carbon and rhodium.
Soft x-ray projection lithography (1991)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. E. Bjorkholm, J. Bokor, L. Eichner, R. R. Freeman, W. M. Mansfield, L. Szeto, D. W. Taylor, D. M. Tennant, O. R. Wood II, T. E. Jewell, D. L. White, W. K. Waskiewicz, D. L. Windt, and A. A. MacDowell, "Soft x-ray projection lithography," Optics & Photonics News 2(5), 27-30 (1991) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Competitive Alliances With Information Technology –The Australian Retail Banking Experience (1989)

Evaluates the use of competitive alliances as an alternative to competitive advantage. Draws examples from Australian retail banking during the 1980s. Differentiates between coalition, consortium and servicer. Concludes that whereas all three show examples of apparent success, none guarantees it.