gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Describing function-based analysis of a nonlinear hydraulic transmission line (1994)

This paper presents an analytical method of predicting and eliminating limit cycle conditions in hydraulic drive systems, where backlash in the actuator seal is the dominant nonlinearity. It is shown that limit cycle conditions are a strong function of certain plant parameters. The elimination of limit cycle conditions may thus be achieved by the alteration of certain inherent plant parameters. Fluid flow in a hydraulic pipe is modeled using transmission line theory. The sinusoidal-input describing function is used to indicate which values of the plant parameters would result in limit cycle conditions. The analytical results were verified on an experimental test bench.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Harmonic suppression in unbalanced analogue MOSFET circuit topologies using body signals (1989)

Analytical and experimental results are presented which demonstrate that the nonlinearities of integrated MOS transistors operated in nonsaturation can be suppressed by driving the body terminals of these MOSFETs in an appropriate manner. In contrast with existing techniques, the proposed method does not require matched devices or balanced op-amps. It docs require the correct choice of amplitude and phase of the body signal, which is derived from the input signal. Experimental measurements show that individual even or odd harmonics can be reduced at least 90dB below the fundamental in MOSFET-C filters/integrators, which compares favourably with results reported in the literature for balanced topology techniques.
The device “Klyost” for clipping vessels and soft-elastic tubular structures (2003)

A retrospect of earlier elaborated devices applying in clinical practice is presented. A newly invented device for clipping vessels and soft-elastic tubular structures is presented. Traditionally in surgical practice, to stop a blood flow, the surgeons use suturing of vessels (legate) with a silk thread. In laparoscopic surgery this process is accompanied with great difficulties. An alternative method of clipping vessels and structures is also used. The negative feature of this method is that the structure must be first mobilized. Up for to-day there is no device allowing to combine in one method both manipulations: suturing of tissue and laying a clip on a structure. The paper describes the new device, allowing to combine the oversaid manipulations and consequently to simplify the work of the surgeon and shorten the operation time. The device functioning is based on one-way and two-way shape memory effects. The device was applied in treating of 5 patients and manifested fine functional possibilities. The implanted clip can be easily evacuated without any patient trauma.
The importance of volume in regulating gastric emptying (1991)

There is now substantive evidence that the provision of exogenous carbohydrate at high rates (1-2 g. min-1) can enhance performance during prolonged exercise. This finding has revived research into the factors determining the rate of exogenous carbohydrate delivery during exercise. While the rate of muscle oxidation of exogenous carbohydrate could be determined by the rate of gastric emptying or of intestinal carbohydrate absorption or of muscle glucose uptake and oxidation, most physiologists seem to have assumed that gastric emptying is the factor that limits the rate of exogenous carbohydrate delivery during exercise. Furthermore, studies of gastric emptying have suggested that the carbohydrate content of the ingested solution is an important factor determining its rate of gastric emptying. However, the findings of recent studies employing a repeated drinking design suggest that the gastric volume and therefore the pattern of drinking during exercise will have a significant, possibly major, influence on the rate of both carbohydrate and water delivery from any solution. This review considers this evidence and its practical implications for athletes who wish to ingest carbohydrate during exercise and for exercise physiologists designing studies to optimize carbohydrate delivery to muscle during exercise. It is proposed that, if gastric volume is an important determinant of the rate of gastric emptying, a more standardized method for reporting the rates of gastric emptying of different solutions should be adopted.
The electrical determination of moisture in paper (1961)

Absorption of moisture causes paper to change its electrical resistance and permittivity. The second effect is approximately linear and little affected by changes in furnish. It is most conveniently measured by means of a fringing capacitor. Instruments for use statically and on a moving web are described. Theories of the water-cellulose bond are discussed.
Rapid analysis of plant gene expression by a novel reverse transcriptase‐PCR method (1992)

A recently described reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) where one oligonucleotide primer is end‐labelled has been applied to the analysis of expression of UsnRNA genes and a U2B″ protein coding gene from potato. This rapid, sensitive and accurate method of expression analysis can be applied to the study of the expression of any plant gene for which the sequence is known, in either wild‐type plants, transgenics or transfected protoplasts.
Medicinal chemistry approaches to target the kinase activity of IGF-1R. (2006)

Various drug discovery approaches have been explored in recent years to modulate the function of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). This article focuses on the contributions of low-molecular-mass inhibitors in the modulation of IGF-1R kinase activity, and provides an update on recent reviews for this type of agent. Different classes of compounds have been demonstrated to be capable of modulating the kinase activity of IGF-1R in ways that were not possible previously. Preclinical data with some of these inhibitors support the potential application of IGF-1R-targeted therapeutic strategies in the treatment of human cancers.
A Mechanism of Efficient G6PD Inhibition by a Molecular Clip (2009)

Triple duty: A synthetic molecular clip traps nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+); see picture) as well as occupying both the cofactor- and the substrate-binding site in glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) dehydrogenase. This combination of two inhibition mechanisms makes the clip highly effective and selective for this enzyme over other dehydrogenases.
Predicting Human Behaviour with Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

As the average age of the urban population increases, cities must adapt to improve the quality of life of their citizens. The City4Age H2020 project is working on the early detection of the risks related to mild cognitive impairment and frailty and on providing meaningful interventions that prevent these risks. As part of the risk detection process, we have developed a multilevel conceptual model that describes the user behaviour using actions, activities, and intra- and inter-activity behaviour. Using this conceptual model, we have created a deep learning architecture based on long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) that models the inter-activity behaviour. The presented architecture offers a probabilistic model that allows us to predict the user’s next actions and to identify anomalous user behaviours.
Nb doped TiO2 nanotubes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting (2011)

Nanostructured titanium dioxide is one of the classic materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting. In the present work we dope TiO(2) nanotube anodes. For this, various low concentration bulk-Nb-doped TiO(2) nanotube layers were grown by self-organizing anodization of Ti-Nb alloys. At Nb-contents around 0.1 at%, and after an adequate heat-treatment, a strongly increased and stable photoelectrochemical water-splitting rate is obtained.
Coronary and myocardial adenosine receptors. (1987)

In the isolated guinea pig heart the rank oder of potency for coronary vasodilation is NECA greater than R-PIA greater than adenosine greater than S-PIA and this is characteristic for A2-adenosine receptors. Release of 3H-cyclic AMP from coronary endothelium in 3H-adenosine prelabeled hearts was augmented by these adenosine derivatives and followed the same rank order of potency. This identifies the coronary endothelial adenosine receptor to be of the A2-subtype. Similar results were obtained in bovine aortic endothelium in culture grown on microcarrier beads. Studies on isolated cardiac myocytes revealed, that adenosine derivatives did not alter basal cyclic AMP levels but attenuated the isoproterenol elicited increase, R-PIA being more potent than NECA. Thus, on cardiomyocytes the A1-adenosine receptor predominates and may be responsible for the antiadrenergic action of adenosine. Since vascular and cardiomyocyte adenosine receptors are of different subtypes this may be used as a specific marker to identify the origin of surface membranes prepared from cardiac tissue.
The mitral valve replacement by the new-type bioprostheses (features of design and long-term results). (1994)

The BAKS bioprostheses were created in our centre and they have the following features: (1) to reduce immunogenicity they underwent a combined fermentochemical treatment which resulted in the native xenovalve consisting of collagen and elastic fibres only; (2) in cutting out the valve the natural aortic sinuses were preserved; and (3) the xenovalve was fixed on a functional frame of an original design. From 1979, BAKS have been implanted in 243 patients with the isolated mitral valve reumatic injury. The patients age varied from 11 to 59 years; 91 patients (37.5%) were under 35 years. The 12-year survival rate (without hospital lethality) was 65.5 +/- 5.3%. The most serious longterm complications were: infectious endocarditis (3.14 patients/years); spontaneous degeneration of bioprosthetic cusps (2.24% patients/years); thromboembolism (0.6% patients/years). The morphological examination of bioprostheses removed in reoperations from 10 days to 10 years after implantation was performed in 51 cases. Most often, collagen degeneration occurred in patients under 35. The pathologic structural changes originated because of the localized saturation of bioprosthetic cusps with the recipient plasma proteins, gradual disintegration of collagen fibres, and further calcification of that area. The indications to the mitral valve replacement by BAKS were: the left atrium thrombosis, thromboembolytic syndrome, contraindications to anticoagulation therapy, and the age over 35 years.
Wireless positioning technologies and applications (2008)

At last--here's a comprehensive book that puts full details on all short-range wireless-positioning methods at your command for instant access and use. This one-stop resource surveys each technique's theory of operation, advantages and disadvantages, applicability in different domains, implementation procedures, and accuracy to help you select the right technology for any application and ensure the best results possible. Real-life examples together with 161 diagrams help bring all options into sharp focus. After introducing wireless positioning fundamentals along with various personal, commercial, and industrial applications, the book guides you step by step through radio signal time of flight methods, the signal strength method, the angle of arrival system, and the geometric use of distance measurement to determine location. It discusses location awareness applications and implementations using cellular networks. You are brought up to speed on fast-developing techniques involving local area networks (WLANs), personal area networks (WPANs), and radio frequency ID (RFID). Moreover, you find coverage of the distance measurement features in the new IEEE 802.15.4a spec for low rate wireless personal area networks. This practical resource offers detailed guidance on how to implement important technologies, including direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, and ultrawideband (UWB). The book also explores ways to counteract accuracy impairments caused by noise, multipath and fading, and limitations of antenna directivity and time measurement precision.
Effect of aging on nitric oxide-mediated penile erection in rats (1995)

Aging is an important risk factor for impotence in men. Because nitric oxide (NO) appears to be the mediator of corpora cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation, we have examined in 5-, 20-, and 30-mo-old rats, designated "adult," "old," and "senescent," respectively, whether aging causes a decrease of erectile response that may correlate with lower NO synthase (NOS) in the penis. Electric field stimulation (EFS) of the cavernosal nerve showed that the maximum intracavernosal pressure (MIP) declined in the old and senescent rats to 80 and 51% of the adult value, respectively. A low systemic dose of the NOS inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 2 mg/kg), reduced the MIP by only 38% in the adult rats but decreased it in the old and senescent rats by 72 and 80%, respectively. In the absence of EFS, intracavernosal papaverine (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), or nitroglycerin (NO donor), caused a lower erectile response in the old and senescent rats compared with the adult animals (MIP: 41 and 14%, respectively; duration of the erection 46 and 21%, respectively). Tissue sections from old and senescent penises showed increasing degrees of sclerotic degeneration. In comparison with the adult rats, the penile soluble NOS activity per gram of tissue that is sensitive to L-NAME decreased significantly by 63% in the senescent rats but was elevated in the old rats. These results indicate that aging causes an erectile failure due to factors initially independent from an impairment of penile NO synthesis but which are compounded in the very old rats by the decrease of penile NOS activity.
Liver expression of epidermal growth factor RNA. Rapid increases in immediate-early phase of liver regeneration. (1994)

The liver exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate its mass following partial removal or after injury. Transmembrane receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) are highly expressed in liver cells, which quickly respond to this polypeptide mitogen by activating an intrinsically low rate of cell division. Although EGF appears to regulate liver growth, its significance has remained unclear, and only a small change in serum levels can be detected during hepatocellular proliferation. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, we report here the novel finding that EGF RNA transcripts are synthesized in a hepatic cell-specific pattern, appearing in hepatocyte and lipocyte cell types. Our data reveal that within 15 min following a 70% liver removal, EGF RNA levels increase > 10-fold and then diminish below basal levels prior to the first wave of regenerative cell division. Immunoanalysis of metabolically labeled hepatocytes shows that EGF accumulates as a large 60-kDa peptide. These results demonstrate that EGF transcription is a previously unrecognized component of hepatic gene expression, and rapid increases in EGF RNA levels in the immediate-early phase of liver regeneration point to EGF as an autocrine factor in the prereplicative hepatic growth program.
CMOS circuits for thermal asperity detection and recovery in disk-drive read channels (2003)

A thermal asperity detection and recovery scheme for a disk-drive read channel is presented. The circuit design and simulation results for two key blocks, the AC coupler and its tuning loop, in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process are described.
Molecular basis of lactase levels in adult humans. (1992)

The molecular basis of adult human "lactase deficiency" has long been a subject of controversy. To address this issue, small intestinal biopsies from orienta, black, and white patients were analyzed. Adjacent samples were assayed for lactase and sucrase specific activities and the sucrase/lactase ratio (high ratio signifies lactase deficiency), and the results were compared to lactase steady-state mRNA levels detected in Northern blots probed with a human lactase mDNA. All oriental patients had high ratios and no detectable lactase mRNA. Four black patients had a similar pattern; two with low ratios had detectable mRNA. The group of white patients displayed a range of findings, from high ratio/no mRNA to low ratio/considerable mRNA. Elevated levels of lactase mRNA always correlated with the presence of elevated levels of lactase enzyme activity, suggesting that the difference in levels of adult human intestinal lactase activity among racial groups may be regulated at the level of gene transcription.
Urethral Pressure and Power Generation during Coughing and Voluntary Contraction of the Pelvic Floor in Females with Genuine Stress Incontinence (1991)

A probe which permits continuous measurement of the related values of pressure and cross-sectional area in the female urethra was used for a quantitative description of the adjunctive closure forces in terms of pressure and power generation during coughing and squeezing in 30 females with genuine stress incontinence (GSI). Measurements were performed at the bladder neck, midurethrally and distally in the urethra. A statistically significant decrease in power generation was found at the bladder neck and midurethrally during squeezing compared with the values in healthy females. During coughing the power generation was significantly decreased midurethrally and measurement of pressure generation revealed similar results. These findings indicate that the active closure mechanisms at the bladder neck and midurethra are significantly weakened in females with GSI. The results do not support the concept that impaired passive pressure transmission to the urethra is an important pathophysiological factor in GSI.
Direct Visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial Capsular Layer: A Labile Structure Containing ESX-1-Secreted Proteins (2010)

The cell envelope of mycobacteria, a group of Gram positive bacteria, is composed of a plasma membrane and a Gram-negative-like outer membrane containing mycolic acids. In addition, the surface of the mycobacteria is coated with an ill-characterized layer of extractable, non-covalently linked glycans, lipids and proteins, collectively known as the capsule, whose occurrence is a matter of debate. By using plunge freezing cryo-electron microscopy technique, we were able to show that pathogenic mycobacteria produce a thick capsule, only present when the cells were grown under unperturbed conditions and easily removed by mild detergents. This detergent-labile capsule layer contains arabinomannan, alpha-glucan and oligomannosyl-capped glycolipids. Further immunogenic and proteomic analyses revealed that Mycobacterium marinum capsule contains high amounts of proteins that are secreted via the ESX-1 pathway. Finally, cell infection experiments demonstrated the importance of the capsule for binding to cells and dampening of pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Together, these results show a direct visualization of the mycobacterial capsular layer as a labile structure that contains ESX-1-secreted proteins.
Photochemical and photobiological properties of 4,5'-dimethylpsoralen, a bifunctional contaminant of synthetic 4,5'-dimethylangelicin. (1981)

4,5'-Dimethylpsoralen, a bifunctional furocoumarin, can be formed as an impurity in the synthesis of its angular isomer, that is 4,5'-dimethylangelicin; the latter has recently been proposed as a potential monofunctional agent for photochemotherapy. To have precise information on the possible modifications of the photochemical and photobiological properties of synthetic 4,5'-dimethylangelicin caused by the presence of its linear isomer, we have studied the interactions of the latter with DNA in both the ground and the excited state and its photobiological activity. 4,5'-Dimethylpsoralen photobinds much more effectively to DNA than its angular isomer and is capable to form effectively inter-strand cross-linkages in DNA while dimethylangelicin is unable to form these bifunctional adducts in DNA. Dimethylpsoralen shows a strong skin-phototoxicity while angelicin lacks this activity. Moreover the antiproliferative activity of the psoralen derivative in terms of DNA synthesis inhibition in Ehrlich cells and of inhibition of infectivity of T2 phages, is about four times higher than that of the angular isomer. These data stress the necessity of the absence of the isomeric linear furocoumarin in the synthetic 4,5'-dimethylangelicin because its presence can markedly modify the photobiological and phototherapeutic properties of the angelicin derivative.
ANGY: A Rule-Based Expert System for Automatic Segmentation of Coronary Vessels From Digital Subtracted Angiograms (1986)

This paper details the design and implementation of ANGY, a rule-based expert system in the domain of medical image processing. Given a subtracted digital angiogram of the chest, ANGY identifies and isolates the coronary vessels, while ignoring any nonvessel structures which may have arisen from noise, variations in background contrast, imperfect subtraction, and irrelevent anatomical detail. The overall system is modularized into three stages: the preprocessing stage and the two stages embodied in the expert itself. In the preprocessing stage, low-level image processing routines written in C are used to create a segmented representation of the input image. These routines are applied sequentially. The expert system is rule-based and is written in OPS5 and LISP. It is separated into two stages: The low-level image processing stage embodies a domain-independent knowledge of segmentation, grouping, and shape analysis. Working with both edges and regions, it determines such relations as parallel and adjacent and attempts to refine the segmentation begun by the preprocessing. The high-level medical stage embodies a domain-dependent knowledge of cardiac anatomy and physiology. Applying this knowledge to the objects and relations determined in the preceding two stages, it identifies those objects which are vessels and eliminates all others.
Endothelin-1 Promotes Neointima Formation After Balloon Angioplasty in the Rat (1993)

The long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is severely limited by the high incidence of vascular restenosis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this response, since circulating levels of this potent smooth-muscle mitogen are elevated after PTCA. Therefore, this study examined the effect of exogenous ET-1 administration on the development of stenotic lesions in the rat common carotid artery angioplasty model. Immediately after left common carotid artery balloon angioplasty, rats received a 30-min i.a. infusion of either saline vehicle (0.9% NaCl w/v) or ET-1 (17 pmol kg-1 min-1) via the left external carotid artery. Left and right common carotid arteries were removed 7 days later for quantitative image analysis. Balloon angioplasty caused significant neointima proliferation in left common carotid arteries, the extent of which was increased significantly by acute ET-1 treatment (approximately 65% greater neointima formation relative to saline-treated rats). ET-1 treatment had no effect on the geometry of contralateral right common carotid arteries. Therefore, these data support a role for ET-1 in the pathogenesis of vascular restenosis.