gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of protein fouling on nanoparticle capture within the Viresolve® Pro and Viresolve® NFP virus removal membranes (2019)

Virus filtration is a robust size-based technique that can provide the high level of viral clearance required for the production of mammalian-derived biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies. Several studies have shown that the retention characteristics of some, but not all, virus filters can be significantly affected by membrane fouling, but there have been no direct measurements of how protein fouling might alter the location of virus capture within these membranes. The objective of this study was to directly examine the effect of protein fouling by human immunoglobulin G (IgG) on virus capture within the Viresolve® Pro and Viresolve® NFP membranes by scanning electron microscopy using different size gold nanoparticles. IgG fouling shifted the capture location of 20 nm gold nanoparticles further upstream within the Viresolve® Pro filter due to the constriction and/or blockage of the pores in the virus retentive region of the filter. In contrast, IgG fouling had no measurable effect on the capture of 20 nm nanoparticles in the Viresolve® NFP membrane, and IgG fouling had no effect on the capture of larger 40 and 100 nm nanoparticles in either membrane. These results provide important insights into how protein fouling alters the virus retention characteristics of different virus filters.
Nuclear receptors in metabolic diseases (2000)

Nuclear receptors (NR) are transcription factors that are regulated by ligand binding. Several members of this family regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo and consequently play a major role in the overall energy balance of the host. Serendipitously, some of these NRs were found to bind to known drugs for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, proving that these receptors may also play a role in these diseases. Because of this historical success as a target for clinically acceptable drugs, there is now renewed effort at discovering further receptor modulators for the metabolic diseases. This review will summarise the current understanding and treatment of the metabolic diseases, describe the role of specific NRs and evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets.
Nutrition and Cancer: Physiological Interrelationships (1985)

There are many tumors that have paraneoplastic syndromes. Furthermore, location of certain tumors can result in very specific effects on the host, especially tumors in the hypothalamus, the intestinal tract, or the liver. Finally, tumors of the immune system can have significant distant consequences. However, from direct experimental evidence, from model systems, and from the utilization of nutritional manipulation in the treatment of cancer, the data suggest very strongly that there is no unique cancer malnutrition. Early diagnosed cancer does not show malnutrition as a presenting symptom. Furthermore, all metabolic disturbances can be explained on the basis of the metabolic differences of tumor cells and normal cells and are very frequently proportional to the bulk of the tumor. The cachexia that is associated with malignancies is more likely cachexia in cancer patients than it is a specific cancer cachexia, unless the tumor burden is very large. This point was clearly made in a short review of the causes of cachexia in nearly 1500 cancer patients in Russia (145). Brennan also feels that most cases of malnutrition are uncomplicated starvation, and cancer cachexia has many features seen in major injury or sepsis (16). This distinction has great implications in the management of cancer patients.
Imaging the Photoionization of Individual CdSe/CdS Core−Shell Nanocrystals on n- and p-Type Silicon Substrates with Thin Oxides (2004)

The low-intensity photoionization of individual semiconductor nanocrystals, at 23 °C in dry nitrogen, is time-resolved over many hours for both S (532-nm excitation) and P (395-nm excitation) nanocrystal excited states using electrostatic force microscopy. Over 7000 calibrated charge measurements have been made on 14- and 21-Å-thick oxide layers. Photoexcited electrons tunnel across the oxide into the silicon, and multiple charges can build up on individual nanocrystals at intensities of only 0.1−0.01 W/cm2. The silicon dopant type influences the net nanocrystal charging via the interfacial band bending; P-type subtrates show a faster nanocrystal reneutralization rate due to their higher interfacial electron concentration. There is a huge range of photoionzation behavior for individual nanocrystals. This behavior is different for 395- and 532-nm excitation in the same nanocrystal. This individuality seems in part to reflect tunneling through spatially localized defect states in the oxide. The line widths of spatial charge images of individual nanocrystals and the semicontinuous rate of charge re-neutralization after excitation suggest that we observe trapped electron motion in the adjacent oxide and/or on the nanocrystal surface, in addition to the ionized nanocrystal. On average, tunneling of the excited P electron is faster by 1−2 orders of magnitude than that of the S electron; the data show direct photoionization from the excited P state. A kinetic model is developed, including the effect of charging energy on tunneling rate, and applied to ensemble average behavior. There is no quantitative agreement of the tunneling-rate dependence on oxide thickness and excitation energy with the simple 1D effective mass tunneling model. However, overall observed trends are rationalized in light of current thin-oxide tunneling literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Double N‐Vinylation of Aromatic Amines: An Efficient Synthesis of Various Substituted N‐Arylpyrroles. (2011)

Abstract Various substituted N‐arylpyrroles are directly synthesized by sequential inter‐ and intramolecular N‐vinylation reactions of primary aryl amines (II) with dienyl diiodides.
Histochemically Reactive Zinc in Plaques of the Swedish Mutant β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice (1999)

Endogenous metals such as zinc may contribute to beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregation and hence the plaque formation. In the present study, we examined brains of four Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice at 12 months of age for histochemically reactive zinc in the plaques. Here, we report that all the Congo red (+) mature plaques contained chelatable zinc, as demonstrated by staining with the zinc-specific fluorescent dye 6-methoxy-8-quinolyl-para-toluenesulfonamide (TSQ). On the other hand, Congo red (-) preamyloid Abeta deposits were not stained with TSQ. Interestingly, although cerebellum contained similar degree of preamyloid Abeta deposits as cerebral cortex, it was completely devoid of Congo red- or TSQ-stained mature plaques. Although zinc from plaques was only slowly and partially removed by a specific zinc remover, dithizone, treatment of brain sections with heparinase-III, which degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), another major constituent of plaques, greatly fastened the zinc removal with dithizone. The present study has demonstrated the presence of histochemically reactive zinc in plaques, but not preamyloid Abeta deposits, of the Swedish mutant APP transgenic mice. Because preamyloid Abeta deposits fail to develop into congophilic plaques in cerebellum where synaptic vesicle zinc is deficient, the synaptic zinc may be a necessary element in the plaque formation. In holding zinc inside plaques, HSPG may contribute in addition to Abeta.
Novel liposomal gefitinib (L-GEF) formulations. (2012)

It was shown that gefitinib can be efficiently loaded into L-GEF-HSPC composed of HSPC/Chol/mPEG-DSPE (55/40/5 mol/mol) with 0.3 M (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and 0.1 M HPβCD as trapping agents. Compared with the free drug, L-GEF-HSPC had high drug loading, good stability, and long-circulating properties.
Conformational Flexibility of a Synthetic Glycosylaminoglycan Bound to a Fibroblast Growth Factor. FGF-1 Recognizes Both the <sup>1</sup><i>C</i><sub>4</sub> and <sup>2</sup><i>S</i><sub>O</sub> Conformations of a Bioactive Heparin-like Hexasaccharide (2005)

The first direct NMR determination of the conformation of a conformationally flexible heparin-like hexasaccharide bound to a key receptor, FGF-1, is described. The determination has been based on the use of a 13C-labeled protein and a regular 12C sugar. FGF-1 recognizes several conformations of the iduronic moieties of the hexasaccharide. Therefore, this case is different than that described for the controversial recognition of heparin-like saccharides by AT-III, which seems to recognize just one conformation of the iduronic acid residues.
Analysis on the Light Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Nanowires Light-Emitting Diodes (2013)

With the development of single-photon-sources of ultra-efficient light extraction, nanowire structures, with embedded quantum wells, present unprecedented opportunity to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this paper, the finite-difference time-domain method is carried out in graphics processing units to explore mechanisms by which nanowire arrays can effectively improve LEE. The results show that the LEE strongly depends on the radius of the nanowire and the distance between the nanowires. On analyzing the emitted power distribution of the dipole in the semiconductor nanowire, the LEE of LEDs agrees with guided power portion of the total power with respect to the radius of the nanowire and the distance between the nanowires. The guided mode has an important role in enhancing the LEE of LEDs. The free-space mode, however, becomes the whispering gallery mode which is not important in LEE. The LEE obtains the maximum at the mode cutoff radius. The height is also discussed in this paper. With the optimized parameters, ~11 times increment in LEE is achieved.
Catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of cis-disubstituted olefins (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of cis-disubstituted olefinsLisa Wang and K. Barry SharplessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 19, 7568–7570Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00045a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00045a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2106Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Optical properties of V-groove silicon nitride trench waveguides (2016)

We numerically investigate the mode properties of the V-groove silicon nitride trench waveguides based on the experimental results. The trench waveguides are suitable for nonlinear applications. By manipulating the waveguide thicknesses, the waveguides can achieve zero dispersion or a maximized nonlinear parameter of 0.219 W<sup>-1</sup>·m<sup>-1</sup> at 1550 nm. Broadband four-wave mixing with a gain of 5.545 m<sup>-1</sup> is presented as an example. The waveguides can also be applied in sensing applications with an optimized evanescent intensity ratio. By etching away the top flat slabs, wider trapezoidal trench waveguides can be utilized for plasmonic sensing thanks to their TE fundamental modes.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TWO HUMANIZED ANTIBODIES AGAINST TWO DIFFERENT BREAST CANCER ANTIGENS AND COMPARISON TO THEIR MURINE ORIGINAL FORMS (1994)

s: Fifth Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Session VII: Pretargeting Methods: PDF Only
Collision free motion planning for robots by capturing the environment (2020)

More and more industrial robots are being used in SMEs. Due to the lack of CAD models, they are rarely programmed using offline programming methods. With the methods presented in this paper, missing 3D maps of the environment can be flexibly created and even inexperienced operators can be enabled to program complex, collision-free motion sequences. In addition, already programmed sequences can be optimized by the downstream motion planning. The presented method also allows the omitting of intermediate points in complex sequences, which significantly reduces commissioning time and complexity.
Favorable effects of sulfasalazine on small bowel Crohn's disease: a long-term study. (1987)

Due to conflicting reports in the literature regarding the efficacy of sulfasalazine for Crohn's disease (CD) involving small bowel alone, we reviewed the treatment results of our systematic sulfasalazine treatment in CD over a 23-yr period. We identified 28 patients with CD of small bowel alone treated between 1 and 23 yr by means of sulfasalazine alone and who went into complete clinical remission. Of these, 12 also showed total regression of radiographic abnormalities, 12 showed partial regression, while four patients still await radiographic reexamination. While our data do not permit a precise estimate, it seems that about 25% of patients with small bowel CD respond to sulfasalazine alone. Reasons are discussed why our data are at variance with some and in accord with other reports. While our study of necessity could not be carried out in double-blind fashion, patients served as their own controls, having previously failed to respond to other treatment modalities or no treatment. We conclude that sulfasalazine should be tried in the treatment of CD of small bowel because of its relatively low toxicity and reasonably high efficacy.
Video Collaboratories for Research and Education: An Analysis of Collaboration Design Patterns (2008)

Web-based video collaboration environments have transformative potential for video-enhanced education and for video-based research studies. We first describe DIVER, a platform designed to solve a set of core challenges we have identified in supporting video collaboratories. We then characterize five collaboration design patterns (CDPs) that emerged from numerous collaborative groups who appropriated DIVER for their video-based practices. Collaboration design patterns (CDPs) are ways of characterizing interaction patterns in the uses of collaboration technology. Finally we propose a three-dimensional design matrix for incorporating these observed patterns. This representation can serve heuristically in making design suggestions for supporting a broader constellation of user groups than those spanned by our observed CDPs.
A CMOS Voltage Reference with Temperature Sensor using Self-PTAT Current Compensation (2005)

An all-CMOS circuit for combined voltage reference and temperature sensor is proposed. For voltage reference design, a self-PTAT current is generated for compensating a diode-connected NMOS transistor for achieving temperatureindependent purpose. In addition, an ultra linear temperature sensor can be realized and achieved simultaneously. The circuit topology is very suitable for SoC integration. The voltage reference provides a stable voltage for analog circuit. Moreover, the temperature sensor increases the system reliability by predicting eventual faults caused by excessive chip temperatures.
The effect of temperature on ascospore germ tube growth of Mycosphaerella musicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis var. difformis (1983)

Etude sur feuilles de bananier et sur gelose pour des souches provenant du Honduras et de Panama
Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions From a Gas Turbine Combustor by Fuel Modifications (1973)

A broad experimental program was undertaken to assess the feasibility of reducing NOx from aircraft gas turbine engines by fuel modifications (additives and/or treatments). The modifications were selected without regard to practical limitations in order not to obscure potentially useful approaches. The Esso high pressure cannular combustor was used to simulate the characteristic emissions of gas turbines. Approximately 70 fuel modifications were tested using Jet A as the base fuel. These fell into 7 general categories: (a) soluble organometallic additives which become heterogeneous reduction or decomposition catalysts, (b) additives that scavenge or recombine oxygen atoms, (c) additives that reduce peak temperatures, (d) additives that delay ignition, (e) additives that change spray fluid-dynamics, (f) additives that decompose NO or inhibit the NO producing chain reactions, (g) combinations of the foregoing for synergistic effects. Only category a proved to be effective in reducing NOx emissions. Transition metals added to the Jet A fuel as organometallic compounds reduced NOx by as much as 30 percent. Other additives, some not containing metals, reduced NOx by up to 15 percent. None of the investigated additives was fully acceptable because of the relatively low NOx reduction that was obtained even with high additive treat rates. The experimental work was carried out at an overall air to fuel ratio of around 50 and at a pressure of 48 psig. The exhaust gas composition was typical of the latest aircraft turbine engines with the exception of the carbon monoxide levels which were too high. A statistical analysis of results with unmodified Jet A fuel indicated that variation of air inlet moisture from 0.00025 to 0.0025 lb of water per lb of air, and pressure variations between 45 and 60 psig had an insignificant effect on NOx production over the range of the experimental work.
The Contractors' Game (1991)

We develop a symmetric-information auction model of multiproject contracting with costly bidding and increasing marginal performance costs. When there are many potential contractors or only one job, there is a zero-expected-profit symmetric equilibrium in mixed strategies. The winning bid at this equilibrium tends to rise (perversely) with the number of contractors. When there are only two potential bidders and either two or three jobs, multiple bids of a contractor at equilibrium are negatively correlated with each other. The resulting equilibrium outcome tends to divide the market between the contractors in a manner that suggests anticompetitive behavior despite the absence of any collusion.
Clinical utility of implantable neurostimulation devices in the treatment of chronic migraine (2013)

Chronic migraine is a disabling disorder that is costly to individuals and society. Occipital nerve stimulation has been used to treat refractory cases of primary headache disorders including drug-resistant chronic cluster headaches and chronic migraine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) off-labeled application of equipment used for peripheral nerve (occipital) stimulation is borrowed from FDA-labeled spinal cord stimulation. Manufacturer-sponsored randomized trials include a feasibility study (ONSTIM-Medtronic) and a safety and efficacy study (St Jude). A non-industry sponsored prospective, randomized crossover study by Serra and Marchiotretto suggests improved quality of life and a significant reduction in medication use. Though preliminary studies suggest occipital nerve stimulation is safe and efficacious in treating chronic migraine headache, complication rates, including lead migration, lead fracture, and surgical site infections remain high. Further studies are needed to demonstrate long-term outcomes, while improved surgical techniques and site-specific equipment are needed to minimize complications.
The Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Infection (1991)

The evidence that H. pylori causes gastritis in humans comes from both primary and secondary observations. The most important primary observations are the human volunteer studies, the animal models, and the treatment studies with antimicrobial agents. Supporting information comes from studies showing the specific association of H. pylori infection with type B gastritis and with gastric (but not intestinal) epithelial cells; the specific ultrastructural lesions, including adherence pedestals; the ubiquity and stability of the immune response; the response to bismuth treatment; and the association with epidemic gastritis and hypochlorhydria. It is important to note that all of Koch's postulates have been fulfilled, and despite nearly universal initial skepticism, no evidence exists against the hypothesis that H. pylori plays an etiologic role in type B gastritis. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that H. pylori is a pathogen in humans. The known features of H. pylori infection are listed in. Infection is chronic and common throughout the world, with a higher prevalence in developing countries than in developed countries. The prevalence of H. pylori infection increases with age in parallel with that of gastritis. Acquisition of H. pylori infection does not appear to have any seasonality, and infection is equally common among men and women. Without a significant animal or environmental reservoir for human strains of H. pylori, person-to-person contact appears to be the most likely mode of transmission. Exactly how the organism is transmitted from the stomach of one person to that of another remains unclear. Also unknown are the factors which determine who becomes ill after infection; why one person has gastritis alone while another person develops a duodenal ulcer; and how the traditional risk factors for ulcer disease, such as smoking, aspirin, and alcohol, interact with H. pylori infection. Finally, the long term neoplastic consequences of infection must be understood. Further elucidation of the natural history of H. pylori and the consequences of H. pylori infection is the most important goal for future study.
Assessment of potential drug–drug interactions with a prescription claims database (2005)

Analysis of prescription claims data from a major PBM found that 374,000 of 46 million plan participants had been exposed to a potential DDI of clinical importance.