gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism and treatment of diarrhoea due to Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli: roles of drugs and prostaglandins. (1996)

The primary objectives of these studies were to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of the potential antisecretory and antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of diarrhoea due to Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The drugs evaluated were chlorpromazine (CPZ), nicotinic acid, berberine, indomethacin, chloroquine, tetracycline, furazolidone, and bioflorin. Additionally, the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the pathogenesis of cholera diarrhoea has been studied. The drug studies were carried out as placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials in patients with active diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae and ETEC. All patients received intravenous (i.v.) or oral rehydration solutions (ORS), but no other medications except the study drugs. Results indicate that CPZ (1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg), berberine (200 mg), and nicotinic acid (2 g) all reduced stool volumes from 30% to more than 50% in diarrhoeal patients without significant side effects. It appeared that berberine was more effective in ETEC diarrhoea than in cholera. However, chloroquine, indomethacin, clonidine, and bioflorin had no clinically useful effects. Among the antimicrobial agents, a single dose of tetracycline was found to be effective in cholera, because the drug significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total stool volume from 20.9 +/- 15.9 to 10.5 +/- 8.6 (liters in 6-days, mean +/- SD) compared to furazolidone. Drugs other than antimicrobial and antisecretory agents were also evaluated in the treatment of cholera. It has been shown that treatment with bioflorin, which is a bacterial preparation of lyophilized Streptococcus faecium, did not significantly (p > 0.05) reduce fluid-loss in cholera. Additional studies in animals indicated that treatment with short chain glucose polymers, alone or in combination with a chloride blocking agent, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), significantly reduced intestinal secretion in a rat model of secretory diarrhoea. For the first time it was demonstrated that jejunal prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentrations were significantly increased during acute cholera and correlated with the volumes of stool and duration of diarrhoea. Furthermore, it was shown that treatment with indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of PG synthesis, significantly reduced jejunal PGE2 output in adults with acute cholera, in addition to net secretion of water and electrolytes. In summarizing the results, it is concluded that: (1) CPZ, berberine, and nicotinic acid are potential antidiarrhoeal agents, (2) PGs are involved in the pathogenesis of cholera, (3) tetracycline and furazolidone are effective antimicrobial agents in cholera, (4) and glucose short-chain polymers (used with the chloride blocking agent, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid) are better sources of carbohydrates in oral rehydration solutions.
Super-Gaussian laser beam shaping using deformable mirrors and intrinsic beam quality metrics (2008)

We present a beam shaping method using deformable mirrors without using a target beam shape. The key to the method is the use of an image-based metric on the quality of beam with respect to the desired attributes of the super-Gaussian output beam. This technique iteratively adjusts the deformable mirror shape to minimize the metric measured using a charge-coupled device camera. Since the algorithm does not use a target beam for the optimization, it produces the resulting super-Gaussian beam geometry consistent with the constraints imposed by the limited stroke and the finite number of actuators of the deformable mirror.
Reverse bias capacity effects and defect energy levels in electron irradiated gaas<i>p</i><sup>+</sup>-<i>n</i>junctions (1972)

Abstract Results are presented of capacity as a function of reverse bias for GaAs p + n solar cells before and after irradiation by fast electrons. The effect on capacity measurements of the presence of additional donor or acceptor defects on the n-type side is disccssed theoretically. It is shown that a variety of characteristic effects can occur depending on the position of the defect energy level in the band gap and the associated time constant for electron emission and capture. It is deduced that the defects introduced by irradiation with a predominant influence on the results were a uniform concentration of deep acceptors with levels in the upper half of the gap. Other defects with deep levels in the top half of the gap were present before irradiation. The time constants were greater than 3 × 10−3 secs. It is inferred that the levels of other acceptors known to be introduced by electron irradiation are shallow and in the top half of the gap, and those of donors in the lower half. More tentatively it is concluded that few, if any, donor defects were introduced by irradiation with levels in the top half of the gap, or acceptor defects with levels in the lower half. The pre-irradiation impurity and defect concentration was essentially both uniform and unaffected by the irradiation. It is also deduced that the formation of an abrupt p +-i-n structure does not appear to be a mechanism affecting the results. After irradiation some recovery in the capacity values occurred after a long period at room temperature.
Depression and systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review (2013)

Differences in assessment techniques appear to be the main explanation for the variability in findings and important methodological limitations are present in the available literature to definitively point to the prevalence of depression, type of depression and most prevalent symptoms. To date, the relationship between depression and SLE disease activity also appears controversial. Methodological limitations are present in the available literature and it would be necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines to improve the diagnosis of depression in SLE. Identification of SLE-specific biomarkers of depression also has high priority.
Comentario sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 208/2013, de 16 de diciembre (Asunto «Crónicas Marcianas»: entrevista a una persona con discapacidad psíquica para ridiculizarla, emitida por televisión e internet) (2015)

espanolEl siguiente trabajo analiza una interesante sentencia dictada por el Tribunal Constitucional espanol, donde se resalta la importancia capital del articulo 49 de la Constitucion de 1978 para el amparo especifico de la gente con discapacidad psiquica, pero «no incapacitada judicialmente», en el disfrute de sus derechos fundamentales al honor y a la propia imagen (cuya proteccion civil regula la Ley Organica 1/1982, de 5 de mayo), frente a intromisiones ilegitimas de los medios de comunicacion de masas que, con un proposito exclusivamente burlesco y sin el mas minimo interes general para la opinion publica, pretenden justificarse en la libertad de informacion. EnglishThe next paper analyses an interesting judgement pronounced by the Spanish Constitutional Court, which highlights the capital importance of the article 49 of the Constitution of 1978, for the specific defence of the people with psychical disability, but «not judicially incapacitated», in the enjoyment of their fundamental rights to honour and to one’s own image (whose civil protection regulates the Organic Act 1/1982, of 5th May), against mass media’s illegitimate interferences that, with an exclusively burlesque intention and without the most minimal general interest for the public opinion, try to be justified in the freedom of information.
Physical refining of edible oils using nitrogen as stripping gas. Process optimization (1994)

The use of nitrogen as a stripping gas in physical refining of edible oils represents a technological improvement with potential advantages such as the possibilities of recovering high quality deodorized distillates and eliminating pollution. The objectives of the present paper are to study, evaluate and optimize, as far as possible, independent variables involved in the process (nitrogen flow, operating temperature and the height of the oil layer inside the deodorizer) in reference to the quality of the obtained oils as well as the manufacturing requirements. All the experiments were carried out with sunflower oil in a discontinuous deodorizer with a 200 Kg capacity. A 4x4 latin square experimental design was used, consisting of three factors, each of which had four different levels. The results led to the establishment of charts that allow to determine the most suitable conditions in which to carry out the processing in accord with the desired quality of the finished oil and the functional objectives of the factory. These charts are presented in the paper. The results were checked by another set of experiments.
Wireless Power Transfer and Data Communication for Intracranial Neural Implants Case Study : Epilepsy Monitoring (2014)

Recording neural activities plays an important role in numerous applications ranging from brain mapping to implementation of brain-machine interfaces (BMI) to recover lost functions or to understand the mechanisms behind the neurological disorders such as essential tremor, Parkinsonâ s disease and epilepsy. It also constitutes the first step of a closed-loop therapy system which employs a stimulator and a decision mechanism additionally. Such systems are envisaged to record neural anomalies and then stimulate corresponding tissues to cease such activities. Methods for recording the neural signals have evolved to its current state since decades, and the evolution still goes on. This thesis focuses on how to eliminate all the wired connections for new generation neural recording systems: implantable wireless neural recording systems with a case study on in-vivo epilepsy monitoring. The scope of the thesis can be defined as wireless power transfer, wireless data communication, biocompatible packaging, and compulsory experiments on the way to human trials. First of all, wireless power transmission is performed using 4-coil resonant inductive link topology which exploits the magnetic coupling phenomena. In addition to power transfer, a reliable DC power supply is generated in the implant by means of a half-wave active rectifier and a low drop-out voltage regulator. The operation frequency, 8.5 MHz, has been optimized by taking tissue absorption and bandwidth limitations for data communication into account. Secondly, wireless data communication solutions have been investigated and two different solutions have been implemented for different application scenarios: First solution is to use load modulation scheme, which actually relies on varying the load according to the incoming neural data. However, there is a trade-off between data rate and power transfer efficiency for this solution, which in return leads us to implement the second solution, dedicated transmitter at a higher frequency. Consequently, a transmitter which can work at MICS (402-405 MHz), ISM (433 MHz) and several MedRadio bands has been implemented to transmit neural data to an external base station which includes a discrete receiver. Following the integration of all electronic circuits which have been fabricated using UMC 180 nm MM/RF technology, the implant has been packaged using biocompatible polymers (PDMS, medical grade epoxy, and Parylene-C). Packaging provides bidirectional diffusion barrier feature which enables in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to be conducted. Finally, three levels of experimentation have been conducted to validate the operation of the system: in air for electrical characterization, in a tissue-mimicking solution in-vitro characterization, and in a mouse brain for in-vivo characterization.
Optimal bandwidth reservation in hose-model VPNs with multi-path routing (2005)

A virtual private network (VPN) provides private network connections over a publicly accessible shared network. Bandwidth provisioning for VPNs leads to challenging optimization problems. In the hose model proposed by Duffield et al., each VPN endpoint specifies bounds on the total amount of traffic that it will send or receive at any time. The network provider must provision the VPN so that there is sufficient bandwidth for any traffic matrix that is consistent with these bounds. While previous work has considered tree routing and single-path routing between the VPN endpoints, we demonstrate that the use of multipath routing offers significant advantages. On the one band, we present an optimal polynomial-time algorithm that computes a bandwidth reservation of minimum cost using multi-path routing. This is in contrast to tree routing and single-path routing, where the problem is computationally hard. On the other hand, we present experimental results showing that the reservation cost using multi-path routing can indeed be significantly smaller than with tree or single-path routing.
A performance-driven placement tool for analog integrated circuits (1995)

This paper presents a new approach toward performance-driven placement of analog integrated circuits. The freedom in placing the devices is used to control the layout-induced performance degradation within the margins imposed by the designer's specifications. This guarantees that the resulting layout will meet all specifications by construction. During each iteration of the simulated annealing algorithm, the layout-induced performance degradation is calculated from the geometrical properties of the intermediate solution. The placement tool inherently handles symmetry constraints, circuit loading effects and device mismatches. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated with practical circuit examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectral analysis of canine epicardial electrogram. Short-term variations in the frequency content induced by myocardial ischemia. (1990)

Power spectra of epicardial electrograms were studied in 13 anesthetized dogs subjected to occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Electrograms were obtained from a bipolar electrode placed on the epicardial surface of the left ventricle and recorded before and after coronary occlusion. After digitization, power spectra of the first and every 50th subsequent waveform were evaluated and compared with the power spectrum of the average waveform obtained from the baseline recording. In particular, we examined variations in relative power content in three frequency ranges: 150-250 Hz, previously shown to be directly affected by myocardial ischemia; 40-150 Hz, presumably corresponding to the fine notches and slurs on the body surface QRS; and 2-40 Hz, the low-frequency range. Apart from a mild initial rise during the first 50 heart beats, the power in the high-frequency range gradually decreased, reaching 5% of the control value at wave 500. The power in the mid-frequency range showed a monotonous decrease after the occlusion and reached 16% of the control. The power in the low-frequency range showed a gradual buildup to 140% of the control after 500 heart beats. Therefore, ischemia causes a shift of the high-frequency spectral components of the local electrographic waveform to lower frequencies. Our findings and the fact that body surface ECG is produced by spatial summation of local electric potentials over the different regions of the myocardial tissue may explain two previously described effects of acute myocardial ischemia on the body surface ECG complex. First, local loss of spectral components in the range 150-250 Hz may produce a zone of reduced amplitude within a QRS complex band-pass filtered in this range. Second, displacement of power in the frequency domain may suggest an explanation to the increased incidence of visible notches and slurs on the surface QRS complex, characteristic to various myocardial pathologies.
Fixed point in fractal image compression as watermarking (2004)

Conventional approaches to embedding digital watermarks I. Cox et al. (1997), are done by adjusting spatial pixel values or frequency coefficients. We propose a novel way to achieve attack detection by calculating the image's fractal compression fixed point which is an approximation to the original image. After such transformation the fixed point image survives fractal image compression and is extremely sensitive to manipulations. A method to embed digital signatures into the fixed point is also presented in order to provide authentication.
Large-scale comparative analysis of splicing signals and their corresponding splicing factors in eukaryotes (2007)

Introns are among the hallmarks of eukaryotic genes. Splicing of introns is directed by three main splicing signals: the 5' splice site (5'ss), the branch site (BS), and the polypyrimdine tract/3'splice site (PPT-3'ss). To study the evolution of these splicing signals, we have conducted a systematic comparative analysis of these signals in over 1.2 million introns from 22 eukaryotes. Our analyses suggest that all these signals have dramatically evolved: The PPT is weak among most fungi, intermediate in plants and protozoans, and strongest in metazoans. Within metazoans it shows a gradual strengthening from Caenorhabditis elegans to human. The 5'ss and the BS were found to be degenerate among most organisms, but highly conserved among some fungi. A maximum parsimony-based algorithm for reconstructing ancestral position-specific scoring matrices suggested that the ancestral 5'ss and BS were degenerate, as in metazoans. To shed light on the evolutionary variation in splicing signals, we have analyzed the evolutionary changes in the factors that bind these signals. Our analysis reveals coevolution of splicing signals and their corresponding splicing factors: The strength of the PPT is correlated to changes in key residues in its corresponding splicing factor U2AF2; limited correlation was found between changes in the 5'ss and U1 snRNA that binds it; but not between the BS and U2 snRNA. Thus, although the basic ability of eukaryotes to splice introns has remained conserved throughout evolution, the splicing signals and their corresponding splicing factors have considerably evolved, uniquely shaping the splicing mechanisms of different organisms.
La innovación en la Administración Local un instrumento para repensar nuestras administraciones (2014)

Ayuntamiento de Malaga y el Instituto Nacional de Administraciones Publicas organizaron las Jornadas El Camino hacia una Administracion innovadora y dentro de ellas habian convocado un concurso en formato Pechakucha en el que se seleccionaron ideas innovadoras de la Adiminstracion Local.
B Cell-Deficient Mice Are Highly Resistant to <i>Leishmania</i>  <i>donovani</i> Infection, but Develop Neutrophil-Mediated Tissue Pathology (2000)

Resolution of Leishmania infection is T cell-dependent, and B lymphocytes have been considered to play a minimal role in host defense. In this study, the contribution of B lymphocytes to the response against Leishmania donovani was investigated using genetically modified IgM transmembrane domain (muMT) mutant mice, which lack mature B lymphocytes. When compared with wild-type mice, muMT mice cleared parasites more rapidly from the liver, and infection failed to establish in the spleen. The rapid clearance of parasites in muMT mice was associated with accelerated and more extensive hepatic granuloma formation compared with wild-type mice. However, the liver of infected muMT mice also showed signs of destructive pathology, associated with the presence of increased numbers of neutrophils. The role of neutrophils in controlling parasite growth in the viscera was determined by depletion with the mAb RB6-8C5. This treatment led to a dramatic enhancement of parasite growth in both the liver and spleen of muMT and wild-type mice. As assessed by transfer of both normal and chronic-infection serum, Ig protects microMT mice from destructive hepatic pathology, but minimally alters their resistance compared with wild-type mice. However, adoptive transfer of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into recombinase activating gene 1 (RAG1-/-) recipients, suggested that T cell function was not altered by maturation in a B cell-deficient environment. Taken together, these data suggest an inhibitory role for B lymphocytes in resistance to L. donovani unrelated to the presence or absence of Ig. However, Ig protects muMT mice from the exaggerated pathology that occurs during infection.
Broadband Hot‐Electron Collection for Solar Water Splitting with Plasmonic Titanium Nitride (2017)

The use of hot electrons generated from the decay of surface plasmons is a novel concept that promises to increase the conversion yield in solar energy technologies. Titanium nitride (TiN) is an emerging plasmonic material that offers compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology, corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical strength and durability, thus outperforming noble metals in terms of cost, mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. Here, it is shown that plasmonic TiN can inject into TiO 2 twice as many hot electrons as Au nanoparticles. TiO 2 nanowires decorated with TiN nanoparticles show higher photocurrent enhancement than decorated with Au nanoparticles for photo‐electrochemical water splitting. Experimental and theoretical evidence highlight the superior performance of TiN in hot carrier collection due to several factors. First, TiN nanoparticles provide broadband absorption efficiency over the wavelength range 500–1200 nm combined with high field enhancement due to its natural cubic morphology. Second, TiN forms an Ohmic junction with TiO 2 , thus enabling efficient electron collection compared to Au nanoparticles. Since TiN nanoparticles have strong plasmon resonances in the red, the entire solar spectrum is covered when complemented with Au nanocrystals. These findings show that transition metal nitrides enable plasmonic devices with enhanced performance for solar energy conversion.
Development of an effective method and a portable device to evaluate the pupillary reflex (2015)

Examination of the pupil offers an objective evaluation of visual function as well as the vegetative pathways to the eye. In spite of technological advances and substantial progress in many areas, the routine pupil examination with a conventional light source has undergone no significant changes in the last 100 years. This work proposes the development of an effective and objective method and a portable device to test the direct and consensual pupillary reflex. The first results demonstrate the success of a new device construction and new methodology to record the reflex with differ stimulus, in a situation of complete seal of light.
Net-Centric Adapter for Legacy Systems (2009)

The Net-Centric Adapter for Legacy Systems (NCALS) is a software technology that makes legacy system data and services available in near real-time to the military Global Information Grid (GIG). The intent of NCALS is to lower the cost and risk, and to decrease the time required for legacy systems to comply with U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) net-centric technical standards. Many different systems could use a common, configurable NCALS software component to comply with these standards. The benefit to the warfighter is improved interoperability with joint and coalition forces. NCALS enables legacy systems to move to a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) compatible with the GIG without requiring a costly and risky re-architecture of their legacy software. In addition, NCALS enables mission critical systems such as weapon systems to segregate their real-time, mission critical software from enterprise integration software. This maintains the safety and security required by such systems, while accommodating rapid changes in Internet-based, enterprise technologies. This paper will discuss the legacy system challenge and describe a technology prototype developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Dahlgren to realize the NCALS concept. The prototype works automatically, behind the scenes, to expose legacy data to the GIG and to make GIG data available to legacy systems.