gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxocobalamin as a Cyanide Antidote: Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Heavily Smoking Normal Volunteers (1993)

The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters of 5 g of hydroxocobalamin given intravenously, alone or in combination with 12.5 g of sodium thiosulfate, were evaluated in healthy adult men who were heavy smokers. Sodium thiosulfate caused nausea, vomiting, and localized burning, muscle cramping, or twitching at the infusion site. Hydroxocobalamin was associated with a transient reddish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and urine, and when administered alone produced mean elevations of 13.6% in systolic and 25.9% in diastolic blood pressure, with a concomitant 16.3% decrease in heart rate. No other clinically significant adverse effects were noted. Hydroxocobalamin alone decreased whole blood cyanide levels by 59% and increased urinary cyanide excretion. Pharmacokinetic parameters of hydroxocobalamin were best defined in the group who received both antidotes: t1/2 (alpha), 0.52 h; t1/2 (beta), 2.83 h; Vd (beta), 0.24 L/kg; and mean peak serum concentration 753 mcg/mL (560 mumol/L) at 0-50 minutes after completion of infusion. Hydroxocobalamin is safe when administered in a 5 gram intravenous dose, and effectively decreases the low whole blood cyanide levels found in heavy smokers.
A Double-blind Study of Subcutaneous Dihydroergotamine vs Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in the Treatment of Acute Migraine (1996)

Both sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine were effective in aborting migraine headaches. Headache recurrence was two and a half time as likely with sumatriptan as with dihydroergotamine.
Ambient point clouds for view interpolation (2010)

View interpolation and image-based rendering algorithms often produce visual artifacts in regions where the 3D scene geometry is erroneous, uncertain, or incomplete. We introduce ambient point clouds constructed from colored pixels with uncertain depth, which help reduce these artifacts while providing non-photorealistic background coloring and emphasizing reconstructed 3D geometry. Ambient point clouds are created by randomly sampling colored points along the viewing rays associated with uncertain pixels. Our real-time rendering system combines these with more traditional rigid 3D point clouds and colored surface meshes obtained using multiview stereo. Our resulting system can handle larger-range view transitions with fewer visible artifacts than previous approaches.
Fundamentally Sound: The College of the Future (1939)

(1939). Fundamentally Sound: The College of the Future. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 114-114.
Studies with Swine on Rations Extremely Low in Manganese (1943)

Growing pigs throve on a ration containing less than ½ part per million of manganese which produces a high incidence of perosis in chicks. Reproduction on this ration was unsuccessful, but when a green feed supplement ("Cerogras") was added to the ration, which raised the manganese content in the dry feed to 6 ppm., reproduction was satisfactory. The dried livers of animals on the high manganese rations contained 4 to 15 ppm. of manganese while those of animals on the low manganese ration contained 1 to 6 ppm. The lower figures in each case were found for the older animals. Pigs born to sows on rations containing 100 ppm. of manganese contained 1.29 to 1.42 milligrams of manganese in their bodies. One pig of a litter born to a sow on the ration containing 6 ppm. of manganese contained 0.42 milligram of manganese, the littermates were raised uneventfully. Pigs born to sows on the ration which contained less than ½ ppm. of manganese contained 0.13 to 0.21 mgs. of manganese, and some littermates to these pigs were raised successfully.
XI. One the constitution of the essential oil of rue (1858)

Abstract The essential oil procured by distillation of the rue plant with water, has already been examined by several chemists. It was analysed many years ago by Will, who deduced from his analyses the expression C28 H28 O3. But at that time far too little was known about the oxygenated essential oils to permit of their accurate investigation. A more minute series of experiments, made by Gerhardt in 1848, led him to conclude that oil of rue consisted principally of the capric aldehyde, contaminated by a small quantity of some hydrocarbon. This view was considered to be confirmed by the production of capric acid when the oil underwent oxidation by means of nitric acid. But the production of an acid containing C20 merely rendered it probable that the rue oil did not contain less than 20 equivalents of carbon; it was no proof that it did not contain more. In fact, the action of nitric acid varies with its concentration. Guided by ideas which need not now be detailed, I made in 1858 some experiments, with the intention of obtaining from oil of rue certain bodies of the capric series, but they only served to convince me that the views then entertained regarding the constitution of the oil were erroneous. Some curious reactions were observed, but the experiments diverging into other channels have not, as yet, been renewed. Previous to recommencing them, it has been thought necessary to make a fresh examination of the oil; the results form the subject of this communication.
Error analysis in pipeline A/D converters and its applications (1992)

The conversion error of a pipelined A/D converter using inaccurate comparators is analyzed. Error bounds are established, and it is shown that the error can be compensated using simple analog circuitry combined with some digital logic. The resulting system is especially useful for fast converters in which accurate compensators would require a large chip area and large DC power. Simulations are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed error correction scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Opportunities and Challenges in Microwave Medical Sensing and Imaging (2015)

Widely used medical imaging systems in clinics currently rely on X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. The aforementioned technologies provide clinical data with a variety of resolution, implementation cost, and use complexity, where some of them rely on ionizing radiation. Microwave sensing and imaging (MSI) is an alternative method based on nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) signals operating over the frequency range covering hundreds of megahertz to tens of gigahertz. The advantages of using EM signals are low health risk, low cost implementation, low operational cost, ease of use, and user friendliness. Advancements made in microelectronics, material science, and embedded systems make it possible for miniaturization and integration into portable, handheld, mobile devices with networking capability. MSI has been used for tumor detection, blood clot/stroke detection, heart imaging, bone imaging, cancer detection, and localization of in-body RF sources. The fundamental notion of MSI is that it exploits the tissue-dependent dielectric contrast to reconstruct signals and images using radar-based or tomographic imaging techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the active MSI for various medical applications, for which the motivation, challenges, possible solutions, and future directions are discussed.
Dynamic Protected-Subframe Density Configuration in LTE Heterogeneous Networks (2012)

The protected-subframe (PSF) structure is one of the methods for downlink inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) utilized in heterogenous networks and is featured in Rel-10 of the technical specification for 3GPP's E-UTRAN. Static configuration of PSF has proven to increase performance but the dynamic configuration is yet to be examined. In this paper, we study the effect of dynamically configuring PSF density according to a certain criterion in an attempt to increase system performance and maintain a quality of service for all users. Results show that with full buffer traffic, the impact of dynamic configuration is more noticeable in cases of large pico cell range expansions. With dynamic traffic, we find that in the majority of cases, dynamic configuration outperforms the static. In this paper we consider two forms of PSF known as almost blank subframes (ABS) and reduced power subframes (RPS) and show the results from implementing both these techniques.
Measurement of Plasma Free Metanephrine and Normetanephrine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma (2004)

This novel LC-MS/MS approach provides a precise, rapid, and specific alternative method to HPLC for the quantification of the low nanomolar concentrations of free metanephrines in plasma.
Nuclease Cleavage of the Upstream Half of the Nontemplate Strand DNA in an Escherichia coli Transcription Elongation Complex Causes Upstream Translocation and Transcriptional Arrest (1997)

We tested the susceptibility of nucleic acid strands in a halted transcription elongation complex to digestion by micrococcal nuclease (MN). The 16-nucleotide nascent RNA was protected within RNA polymerase. A 27-28-nucleotide template strand DNA fragment also was resistant to MN digestion. However, the upstream half of the nontemplate DNA within this region was digested rapidly by MN, suggesting that the nontemplate strand emerges from the RNA polymerase near the middle of the melted transcription bubble with the bases oriented away from the enzyme surface. MN cleavage of the exposed nontemplate DNA shifted polymerase backward, making it unable to extend the RNA chain. However, the MN-trimmed G16 complexes could be reactivated by GreB-stimulated cleavage of the nascent RNA. These results favor a model of transcriptional arrest involving upstream slippage of RNA polymerase along the RNA and DNA chains. They also suggest that the exposed segment of nontemplate DNA may directly or indirectly stabilize the lateral position of the transcription complex along the DNA.
Enhanced CSI Acquisition for FDD Multi-User Massive MIMO Systems (2018)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is envisioned to meet the growing spectral efficiency (SE) requirement in next generation cellular systems. However, it has been recognized that the unaffordable channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) overhead required for acquiring CSI is a major challenge in frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems. To tackle the challenge of this CSI-RS overhead limitation, certain attempts, which have been designed for the scenarios with dispersive locations of users and sparse nature of channels, suffer from inaccurate channel estimation when the nature of channels for different users becomes highly correlated and rich. In this paper, we propose an enhanced CSI acquisition scheme for FDD multi-user massive MIMO systems, which exploits beamformed CSI-RS transmission mechanism to reduce the CSI-RS overhead. We present two limited feedback algorithms which provide different tradeoffs between system performance and CSI feedback overhead, where the multistage CSI acquisition strategy is adopted to avoid prohibitive computational complexity and amount of feedback requirement. The simulation results show that our CSI acquisition scheme, without additional CSI-RS overhead and enormous CSI feedback overhead, achieves higher SE performance as compared to conventional scheme.
Natural antimicrobial peptides from bacteria: characteristics and potential applications to fight against antibiotic resistance (2012)

Because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide, a number of infectious diseases have become difficult to treat. This threatening situation is worsened by the fact that very limited progress has been made in developing new and potent antibiotics in recent years. However, a group of antimicrobials, the so-called bacteriocins, have been much studied lately because they hold a great potential in controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Bacteriocins are small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by numerous bacteria. They often act toward species related to the producer with a very high potency (at pico- to nanomolar concentration) and specificity. The common mechanisms of killing by bacteriocins are destruction of target cells by pore formation and/or inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Several studies have revealed that bacteriocins display great potential in the medical sector as bacteriocinogenic probiotics and in the clinic as therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the emerging antibiotic resistance and strategies to control its dissemination, before we highlight the potential of AMPs from bacteria as a new genre of antimicrobial agents.
Plenacoustic Function on the Circle with Application to HRTF Interpolation (2006)

The sampling of a sound field using circular microphone arrays is studied. We give a new representation of the sound field sampled on such an array using the two-dimensional Fourier transform. We then show how we can reconstruct the sound field at all possible positions on the array from a finite number of measurements. We give the necessary azimuthal angular sampling frequency necessary to reconstruct the data up to some temporal frequency. This new technique is applied to interpolate head related transfer functions (HRTFs) where we also derive an angular sampling theorem.
Simultaneous financial decision‐making: evidence from UK firms (2010)

Abstract The capital structure and dividend policy in UK‐listed firms are simultaneously determined and dividend decisions better monitored with a low individual shareholding and a high proportion of institutional ownership.
Reproductive aging in the male brown-Norway rat: a model for the human. (1993)

Previous studies in the Sprague-Dawley rat have demonstrated that male reproductive aging is primarily a neuroendocrine dysfunction characterized by decreased pulsatile LH secretion leading to low serum testosterone (T) levels, whereas sperm production is relatively well maintained. In contrast to the Sprague-Dawley rat, the Brown-Norway (BN) rat has a longer life span, does not become obese, and experiences fewer age-related tumors of the endocrine or reproductive system, thus providing a disease-free model for studying male reproductive aging. We studied the changes in serum hormone levels and related these alterations to testicular T production, Leydig cell morphometry, and spermatogenesis in young (6 months), aging (22 months), and old (30 months) BN rats. Low serum T levels were associated with decreased LH levels in the 22-month-old (T, 0.58 +/- 0.08 ng/ml; LH, 0.45 +/- 0.06 ng/ml) and 30-month-old rats (T, 0.63 +/- 0.10 ng/ml; LH, 0.34 +/- 0.04 ng/ml) compared to those in young rats (T, 1.35 +/- 0.30 ng/ml; LH, 0.79 +/- 0.10 ng/ml). In vitro Leydig cell T production, basally and after stimulation by LH, was similar in young and old rats. The total testicular T content was lower in 30- than in 6-month-old rats. Testicular morphometry showed smaller Leydig cell volume in the old (857 +/- 97 microns3) than in the young rats (1387 +/- 103 microns3), although their number per testis remained unchanged (6 months, 22.7 +/- 1.6 x 10(6)/testis; 30 months, 25.2 +/- 3.1 x 10(6)/testis). In contrast, a marked (68.4%) reduction in the total number of Sertoli cell per testis was noted in the 30-month-old rats. The proportion of the testis occupied by seminiferous tubules was also reduced in the old rats. Significant (P < 0.05) age-related reductions occurred in tubule diameter, length of tubules, and volume of tubules and their lumens. The testicular sperm concentration and total sperm production were significantly reduced in the 22- and 30-month-old rats. These changes in seminiferous tubule function in the old rats were associated with low serum and testicular inhibin and high serum FSH levels. We conclude that aging in the reproductive axis of the BN rat is manifested by 1) lower serum T levels due to decreased pituitary LH stimulation of endogenous T production, and 2) decreased seminiferous tubule function accompanied by elevated FSH levels indicative of a primary testicular disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Myosin II isoform switching mediates invasiveness after TGF-β–induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (2011)

Despite functional significance of nonmuscle myosin II in cell migration and invasion, its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or TGF-β signaling is unknown. Analysis of normal mammary gland expression revealed that myosin IIC is expressed in luminal cells, whereas myosin IIB expression is up-regulated in myoepithelial cells that have more mesenchymal characteristics. Furthermore, TGF-β induction of EMT in nontransformed murine mammary gland epithelial cells results in an isoform switch from myosin IIC to myosin IIB and increased phosphorylation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA on target sites known to regulate filament dynamics (S1916, S1943). These expression and phosphorylation changes are downstream of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-E1 (E1), an effector of TGF-β signaling. E1 knockdown drives cells into a migratory, invasive mesenchymal state and concomitantly up-regulates MHC IIB expression and MHC IIA phosphorylation. Abrogation of myosin IIB expression in the E1 knockdown cells has no effect on 2D migration but significantly reduced transmigration and macrophage-stimulated collagen invasion. These studies indicate that transition between myosin IIC/myosin IIB expression is a critical feature of EMT that contributes to increases in invasive behavior.
Survey of parallel algorithms for structural pattern matching (2002)

Matching is an important part of a model-based object recognition system. Matching is a difficult task, for a number of reasons. First, in a number of recognition systems matching is formulated as a combinatorial problem with exponential worst-case complexity. Thus, heuristics are needed to reduce the complexity by pruning the search space. Second, images do not present perfect data: noise and occlusion greatly complicate the task. Finally, even at moderate image resolutions the amount of data to be handled is such that this task cannot be done in real-time on supercomputers. Although no existing visual system can solve the general recognition problem, some existing approaches have obtained acceptable results for limited domains or simple scenes. Much less work has been done on parallel matching, despite the great need for speeding up the process. Parallel algorithms have often to be designed from scratch, and the recognition problem itself often requires reformulation since many of the proposed sequential algorithms do not lend themselves naturally to efficient parallel implementations. In this paper, we survey some of the existing parallel matching algorithms for 2D and 3D objects. Some of these algorithms have been implemented on SIMD architectures such as the Connection Machine or MasPar, or MIMD machines such as the Intel Touchstone Delta; other algorithms have been developed for the PRAM model of computation.
Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of DNA oxidized in vitro and in vivo (1991)

Oxidative modification of genetic material has been implicated as a factor in carcinogenesis, particularly during promotion and progression, and therefore there is a need for sensitive detection of oxidized DNA bases. We developed a method that can be applied to DNA isolated from any source and used to simultaneously quantify oxidized nucleosides without a need to prelabel the DNA or use destructive hydrolytic procedures. This method is based on: (a) enzymatic DNA digestion; (b) HPLC separation of the resultant nucleosides; (c) acetylation of the oxidized nucleosides with [3H]Ac2O (acetic anhydride); (d) removal of the radioactive debris; and (e) quantitative analysis of tritiated nucleoside acetates by HPLC. Enzymatic DNA digestion was optimized using DNase I in the presence of Mg2+ (pH 7), followed by nuclease P1 in the presence of Zn2+ (pH 5.1) and alkaline phosphatase (pH 7.5). Analysis of DNA oxidized with H2O2 in the presence of Fe2+/EDTA for 30 min showed that the levels of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) were increased 2.7-fold, HMdU (5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine) 3.15-fold, and FdU (5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine) 2.5-fold. Although the (-)-isomer of cis-dTG (cis-thymidine glycol) was enhanced 2.3 times, the (+)-isomer remained virtually unchanged. Analysis of DNA isolated from epidermal cells of mice treated in vivo with the tumor promoter TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) showed 4.8-, 2.7-, and 8.7-fold increases in the levels of total cis-dTG, 8-OHdG, and HMdU, respectively, and of some unknown DNA oxidation products. These results prove applicability of the 3H-postlabeling method to the analysis of DNA (and potentially RNA) isolated from many sources, including animals and humans.
Efficient production of citric acid in segmented fermentation using Aspergillus niger based on recycling of a pellet-dispersion strategy (2016)

Segmentation recycling fermentation based on a pellet-dispersion strategy to reconstruct the traditional citric acid batch fermentation process is reported.
Immunoneutralization of Inhibin Suppresses Reproduction in Female Mink1 (1992)

This study determined whether immunoneutralization of inhibin affected gonadotropin secretion, embryo development, and ovarian function in mink. Adult female mink (n = 10) were immunized with bovine inhibin alpha 1-26 gly-tyr (bINH, 100 micrograms) conjugated to human alpha globulins (HAG), or with HAG alone (n = 10, controls), mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant. A series of five boosters containing bINH or HAG were then administered during a 2-yr period. Titers of bINH antibodies and serum concentrations of gonadotropins were determined for each breeding season in 1990 and 1991. Each year after whelping, we determined gestation length; sex, number, and weight of live and dead kits per litter at birth; and number and weight of kits per litter 3 wk after whelping. Results were pooled for statistical analysis. Bovine INH antibody titers (percent 125I-bINH bound to serum diluted 1:8000) were 53 +/- 3% vs. 2 +/- 0.6%, and serum concentrations of FSH were higher (p < 0.05) in bINH-immunized mink compared with controls (144 +/- 23 vs. 67 +/- 12 ng/ml). However, number (3.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 5 +/- 0.4) and weight (8 +/- 0.3 vs. 9.7 +/- 0.4 g) of kits per litter at birth and number of kits per litter alive 3 wk after birth (2.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.7 +/- 0.4) were lower (p < 0.05) in bINH-immunized mothers compared with controls. During the nonbreeding season in 1991, a single injection of hCG (100 IU) was administered to bINH-immunized and control mink; 24 h later blood was sampled, and organ weights were determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formation of Norisoprenoid Flavor Compounds in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Roots: Characterization of a Cyclic-Specific Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1 Gene (2013)

Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments that upon oxidative cleavage lead to the production of norisoprenoids that have profound effect on flavor and aromas of agricultural products. The biosynthetic pathway to norisoprenoids in carrots (Daucus carota L.) is still largely unknown. We found the volatile norisoprenoids farnesylacetone, α-ionone, and β-ionone accumulated in Nairobi, Rothild, and Purple Haze cultivars but not in Yellowstone and Creme de Lite in a pattern reflecting their carotenoid content. A cDNA encoding a protein with carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase activity, DcCCD1, was identified in carrot and was overexpressed in Escherichia coli strains previously engineered to produce different carotenoids. The recombinant DcCCD1 enzyme cleaves cyclic carotenes to generate α- and β-ionone. No cleavage products were found when DcCCD1 was co-expressed in E. coli strains accumulating non-cyclic carotenoids, such as phytoene or lycopene. Our results suggest a role for DcCCD1 in carrot flavor biosynthesis.