gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anodic oxide films on tantalum electrodes (1954)

ANODIC OXIDE FILMS ON TANTALUM ELECTRODES PART 1. THICKNESS AND CURRENT EFFICIENCY OF FORMATION ANODIC OXIDE FILMS ON TANTALUM ELECTRODES PART 1. THICKNESS AND CURRENT EFFICIENCY OF FORMATION BY L. YOUNG Metallurgy Division, A.E.R.E., and Dept. of Chemistry, Imperial College Received 7th September,
Opioid receptor-like (ORL1) receptor distribution in the rat central nervous system: Comparison of ORL1 receptor mRNA expression with125I-[14Tyr]-orphanin FQ binding (1999)

The recently discovered neuropeptide orphanin FQ (OFQ), and its opioid receptor-like (ORL1) receptor, exhibit structural features suggestive of the micro, kappa, and delta opioid systems. The anatomic distribution of OFQ immunoreactivity and mRNA expression has been reported recently. In the present analysis, we compare the distribution of orphanin receptor mRNA expression with that of orphanin FQ binding at the ORL1 receptor in the adult rat central nervous system (CNS). By using in vitro receptor autoradiography with (125)I-[(14)Tyr]-OFQ as the radioligand, orphanin receptor binding was analyzed throughout the rat CNS. Orphanin binding sites were densest in several cortical regions, the anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septum, ventral forebrain, several hypothalamic nuclei, hippocampal formation, basolateral and medial amygdala, central gray, pontine nuclei, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, raphe complex, locus coeruleus, vestibular nuclear complex, and the spinal cord. By using in situ hybridization, cells expressing ORL1 mRNA were most numerous throughout multiple cortical regions, the anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septum, endopiriform nucleus, ventral forebrain, multiple hypothalamic nuclei, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, medial amygdala, hippocampal formation, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, central gray, raphe complex, locus coeruleus, multiple brainstem motor nuclei, inferior olive, deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclear complex, nucleus of the solitary tract, reticular formation, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. The diffuse distribution of ORL1 mRNA and binding supports an extensive role for orphanin FQ in a multitude of CNS functions, including motor and balance control, reinforcement and reward, nociception, the stress response, sexual behavior, aggression, and autonomic control of physiologic processes.
The Reaction between Aliphatic Orthoformates and Acetone (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction between Aliphatic Orthoformates and AcetoneHoward W. PostCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 10, 4176–4177Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01337a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01337a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secretory Function of the Salivary Gland in Patients with Taste Disorders or Xerostomia: Correlation with Zinc Deficiency (2002)

A notable proportion of patients with taste disorders complain of xerostomia and when zinc is prescribed the xerostomia is often improved in conjunction with the taste disorder. To study the relationship between taste disorders, zinc deficiency and xerostomia, we measured salivary gland function and zinc levels in 93 patients with hypogeusia and/or xerostomia and 60 patients with unilateral acute peripheral facial palsy who served as controls. We then prescribed zinc for patients with low serum zinc levels and evaluated xerostomia and taste sensation after 6 months of this treatment. The salivary gland secretory ratio (SGSR), determined by dynamic salivary 99mTc scintigraphy, was found to be an objective measure of salivary gland function and was reduced in patients with xerostomia. Patients with salivary gland dysfunction also had abnormal morphology of the papillae of the tongue. No significant relation was found between the severity of taste disorders and SGSR values, but low SGSR values were found in patients with zinc deficiency. Patients with taste disorders and/or xerostomia who were treated with zinc had relief of symptoms at 6 months, indicating that both taste disorders and xerostomia are among the symptoms of zinc deficiency.
Advances in Thermal Insulation of Extruded Polystyrene Foams (2011)

Since their discovery in the early 40's extruded polystyrene foams (XPS) have been produced with various organic and inorganic blowing agents, and are now widely used as thermal insulators in building and construction. Blowing agent regulations have forced foam suppliers to look for new polymer - blowing agent - additive combinations. These must deliver high performance insulation, but must not compromise on high mechanical strength, foam integrity, and moisture resistance. This paper focuses on the thermal resistance of XPS blown with zero-ODP blowing agent (hydrofluorocarbon HFC-134a) and with carbon dioxide. IR-blockers such as carbon black and graphite reduce the thermal conductivity of CO 2 blown XPS between 1 and 3×10 -3 W/m.K depending on the concentration of IR-attenuators. Properties of a new XPS product using CO 2 with IR blockers are presented. This product is CE certified and fulfills the requirements of the European XPS product standard DIN EN 13164.
Efficient Preparation of Cyclic 3′,5′-Phosphoramidites and -Amidates of Antiviral and Antitumor 5-X-2′-Deoxyuridines (X = H, CH<sub>3</sub>, I, F, CF<sub>3</sub>,<u>trans</u>-CH=CHBr) (1989)

Abstract Direct cyclization of the title nucleosides with (Me2N)3P followed by oxidation with N2O4 or t-BuOOH affords the individual cyclic 3′,5′-phosphoramidate diastereomers shown to be isolable in 45-77% yields.
Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future: Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Clean-Energy Technologies (2000)

This study estimates the potential for public policies and R and D programs to foster clean energy technology solutions to the energy and environmental challenges facing the nation. These challenges include global climate change, air pollution, oil dependence, and inefficiencies in the production and use of energy. The study uses a scenario-based approach to examine alternative portfolios of public policies and technologies. Although the report makes no policy recommendations, it does present policies that could lead to impressive advances in the development and deployment of clean energy technologies without significant net economic impacts. Appendices are available electronically at: www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/29379appendices.pdf (6.4 MB).
Electronic structure of Vanadium pentoxide: An efficient hole injector for organic electronic materials (2011)

The electronic structure of Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), a transition metal oxide with an exceedingly large work function of 7.0 eV, is studied via ultraviolet, inverse and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Very deep lying electronic states with electron affinity and ionization energy (IE) of 6.7 eV and 9.5 eV, respectively, are found. Contamination due to air exposure changes the electronic structure due to the partial reduction of vanadium to V+4 state. It is shown that V2O5 is a n-type material that can be used for efficient hole-injection into materials with an IE larger than 6 eV, such as 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-bipheny (CBP). The formation of an interface dipole and band bending is found to lead to a very small energy barrier between the transport levels at the V2O5/CBP interface.
Fast‐response VHF pulsed 2 KW power amplifiers (2006)

Abstract A pulsed power amplifier operating at a nominal 250 MHz with 2 kW (+63 dBm) output was designed to meet the specifications for an application in a pulsed EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectrometer and was built by Tomco Technologies of Adelaide, South Australia. Key design features were pulse fidelity for short (e.g., 40 ns) RF pulses, output noise blanking after the pulse, and output power linear with input power from very low levels up to 2 kW output. A summary of the specifications, design, and performance of the amplifier is presented. The 2 kW RF amplifier tested has approximately 12 ns rise times and 15 ns fall times, permitting the formation of approximately 40 ns RF pulses. It has negligible amplitude droop over microsecond‐long pulses and negligible phase change over microsecond long pulses. There was observable but small phase change during the rise and fall times of the pulse. Even for input pulses as short as 16 ns, the output pulse peaks at more than half of the rated power output. Application to measuring the free induction decays of triaryl methyl radicals in aqueous solution was demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 29B: 185–190, 2006.
Detection of occult infection following total joint arthroplasty using sequential technetium-99m HDP bone scintigraphy and indium-111 WBC imaging. (1988)

Preoperative exclusion or confirmation of periprosthetic infection is essential for correct surgical management of patients with suspected infected joint prostheses. The sensitivity and specificity of [111In]WBC imaging in the diagnosis of infected total joint prostheses was examined in 28 patients and compared with sequential [99mTc]HDP/[111In]WBC scintigraphy and aspiration arthrography. The sensitivity of preoperative aspiration cultures was 12%, with a specificity of 81% and an accuracy of 58%. The sensitivity of [111In]WBC imaging alone was 100%, with a specificity of 50% and an accuracy of 65%. When correlated with the bone scintigraphy and read as sequential [99mTc]HDP/[111In]WBC imaging, the sensitivity was 88%, specificity 95%, and accuracy 93%. This study demonstrates that [111In]WBC imaging is an extremely sensitive imaging modality for the detection of occult infection of joint prostheses. It also demonstrates the necessity of correlating [111In]WBC images with [99mTc]HDP skeletal scintigraphy in the detection of occult periprosthetic infection.
The Primary Structure of MEK, a Protein Kinase that Phosphorylates the <i>ERK</i> Gene Product (1992)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), are thought to act at an integration point for multiple biochemical signals because they are activated by a wide variety of extracellular signals, rapidly phosphorylated on threonine and tyrosine, and highly conserved. A critical protein kinase lies upstream of MAP kinase and stimulates the enzymatic activity of MAP kinase. The structure of this protein kinase, denoted MEK1, for MAP kinase or ERK kinase, was elucidated from a complementary DNA sequence and shown to be a protein of 393 amino acids (43,500 daltons) that is related most closely in size and sequence to the product encoded by the Schizosaccharomyces pombe byr1 gene. The MEK gene was highly expressed in murine brain, and the product expressed in bacteria phosphorylated the ERK gene product.
National Curriculum: compulsory school science – is it improving scientific literacy? (2001)

This paper presents the initial findings of a long-term study to examine whether the introduction of compulsory school science for pupils in UK schools in 1991 is effective in raising the general level of scientific literacy. The use of the term 'scientific literacy' in the literature is considered and a definition of the term as it is applied in this study is offered. The scientific literacy level of two groups of initial teacher training studentswith contrasting experiences of school sciencewas compared. Students completed a simple science test that had been originally written for 11-year-old children. The average test score of students who had experienced compulsory school science from the ages of 11 to 16 was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.014) than that of students for whom school science was optional at secondary level. The study also highlights specific areas of conceptual difficulty in basic science experienced by almost all of the students tested. Test questions relating to the circulatory system, light and sound produced very low scores from almost all students, regardless of their science background. The paper considers the implications of these findings for science teachers and policymakers in both the primary and secondary sectors.
Quantitative Detection of Bioassays with a Low‐Cost Image‐Sensor Array for Integrated Microsystems (2009)

Portable assay systems require inexpensive detectors that can be integrated with microfluidic sample handling. Now a mass-produced digital-camera sensor has been interfaced with different lab-on-a-chip architectures to image nanoliter reagent droplets and for quantitative photometry of colorimetric and bioluminescence assays (see contact images of the fluid-handling electrode array (right), and colorimetric (top) and bioluminescent samples (bottom)). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-efficiency and wideband interlayer grating couplers in multilayer Si/SiO_2/SiN platform for 3D integration of optical functionalities (2014)

We have designed interlayer grating couplers with single/double metallic reflectors for Si/SiO(2)/SiN multilayer material platform. Out-of-plane diffractive grating couplers separated by 1.6 μm thick buffer SiO(2) layer are vertically stacked against each other in Si and SiN layers. Geometrical optimization using genetic algorithm coupled with electromagnetic simulations using two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM) results in coupler designs with high peak coupling efficiency of up to 89% for double- mirror and 64% for single-mirror structures at telecom wavelength. Also, 3-dB bandwidths of 40 nm and 50 nm are theoretically predicted for the two designs, respectively. We have fabricated the grating coupler structure with single mirror. Measured values for insertion loss and 3-dB bandwidth in the fabricated single-mirror coupler confirms the theoretical results. This opens up the possibility of low-loss 3D dense integration of optical functionalities in hybrid material platforms.
Phencyclidine-like effects of tetrahydroisoquinolines and related compounds (1989)

A series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines, tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridines, and related compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit binding of [3H]-1-[1-(2-thienyl)piperidine and [3H]-N-allylnormetazocine to phencyclidine (PCP) and sigma receptors, respectively. A representative series of compounds was evaluated in behavioral assays to determine the ability of the compounds to induce PCP-like stereotyped behavior and ataxia. All of the compounds caused stereotyped behavior and ataxia, indicating their agonist actions at the PCP site.
The state-of-the-art in semiconductor reverse engineering (2011)

This presentation gives an overview of the place of reverse engineering (RE) in the semiconductor industry, and the techniques used to obtain information from semiconductor products.
Etomidate and propylene glycol activate nociceptive TRP ion channels (2018)

Data in our study provided evidence that pain upon injection of clinical aqueous etomidate formulations is not an unspecific effect of hyperosmolarity but rather due to a specific action mediated by activated nociceptive TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels in sensory neurons.
A Structural Basis for 14-3-3σ Functional Specificity*♦ (2005)

The 14-3-3 family of proteins includes seven isotypes in mammalian cells that play numerous diverse roles in intracellular signaling. Most 14-3-3 proteins form homodimers and mixed heterodimers between different isotypes, with overlapping roles in ligand binding. In contrast, one mammalian isoform, 14-3-3sigma, expressed primarily in epithelial cells, appears to play a unique role in the cellular response to DNA damage and in human oncogenesis. The biological and structural basis for these 14-3-3sigma-specific functions is unknown. We demonstrate that endogenous 14-3-3sigma preferentially forms homodimers in cells. We have solved the x-ray crystal structure of 14-3-3sigma bound to an optimal phosphopeptide ligand at 2.4 angstroms resolution. The structure reveals the presence of stabilizing ring-ring and salt bridge interactions unique to the 14-3-3sigma homodimer structure and potentially destabilizing electrostatic interactions between subunits in 14-3-3sigma-containing heterodimers, rationalizing preferential homodimerization of 14-3-3sigma in vivo. The interaction of the phosphopeptide with 14-3-3 reveals a conserved mechanism for phospho-dependent ligand binding, implying that the phosphopeptide binding cleft is not the critical determinant of the unique biological properties of 14-3-3sigma. Instead, the structure suggests a second ligand binding site involved in 14-3-3sigma-specific ligand discrimination. We have confirmed this by site-directed mutagenesis of three sigma-specific residues that uniquely define this site. Mutation of these residues to the alternative sequence that is absolutely conserved in all other 14-3-3 isotypes confers upon 14-3-3sigma the ability to bind to Cdc25C, a ligand that is known to bind to other 14-3-3 proteins but not to sigma.
Patient Reported Sexual Function Following Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (2002)

The overall rate of patients who had erections preoperatively and maintained erections after surgery (53.8%) is comparable to the results for open surgery. Patients with bilateral preservation did better than those with unilateral preservation. Our preliminary results show a promising rate of potency at 1 year after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Fast Parallel Simulation of SS7 Telecommunication Networks (1993)

Simulation of large telecommunication networks consumes a huge amount of time on sequential machines. Execution of a parallel version of the simulator on multiprocessor computers presents an opportunity to achieve faster execution. However, correct temporal sequencing of events in a parallel environment, presents new problems which do not exist in a sequential single processor implementation. Two principle approaches, the conservative and the optimistic approaches, have been developed to alleviate these problems. The authors use a variation of the conservative deadlock avoidance algorithm to build a parallel simulation of the SS7 telecommunication network. The main advantage of this algorithm is the relative simplicity of its implementation as compared to the implementation of optimistic methods. The paper presents empirical data on the performance of the simulator and demonstrates how by exploiting link reliability features of the telecommunication network, a significantly better and more stable speedup of execution is achieved.
Relation between Photochromism of Chromophores and Free Volume Theory in Bulk Polymers (1980)

Abstract The relation between the relaxation behaviour of photochromic aromatic azo benzenes and spiropyrans in a series of amorphous polymers and the polymer properties has been investigated. The distinctive differences of the rate of thermal isomerization found below and above T g and also compared to solution can be explained by molecular properties of the polymer matrix, i. e., the overall chain segmental mobility, particular chain segmental motions and free volume effects. — The temperature dependency of the relaxation of the photochromes can be described by a WLF‐equation, log a T = ‐ C 1 ( T ‐ T g )/( C 2 + T ‐ T g ). The numerical values of the constants C 1 and C 2 differ from the „universal”︁ values, but for a given family of polymers a single set of parameters is sufficient for both types of photochromes. The deviations in the constants are ascribed to an unequal distribution of the free volume through the matrix caused by the photochromic foreign molecules. — The anomalies in the thermal cis‐trans relaxation of the aromatic azo chromophores in glassy matrices are correlated with restrictions in the fluctuation of the free volume. A temperature T 0 is determined at which the contribution of translational motions to the fluctuations in the free volume is widely frozen in.
Predictable dynamic deployment of components in embedded systems (2011)

Dynamic reconfiguration - the ability to hot swap a component or to introduce a new component into a system - is essential to supporting evolutionary change in long-live and highly available systems. A major issue related to this process is to ensure application consistency and performance after reconfiguration. This task is especially challenging for embedded systems which run with limited resources and have specific dependability requirements. We focus on checking resources constraints and propose for a component compliance checking to be performed during its deployment. Our main objective is preserving system integrity during and after reconfiguration by developing a resource efficient dynamic deployment mechanism that will include component validation in respect to available system resources and performance requirements.
Optimal allocation of virtual resources using genetic algorithm in cloud environments (2015)

Optimal resource utilization is one of the biggest challenges for executing tasks within the cloud. The resource provider is responsible for providing the resources by creating virtual machines for executing task over a cloud. To utilize the resources optimally, the resource provider has to take care of the process of allocating resources to Virtual Machine Manager (VMM). In this paper, an efficient way to utilize the resources, within the cloud, has been proposed considering remaining resources should be maximum at a single machine but not distributed. As a framework to virtual resource mapping, a Simple Genetic Algorithm is applied to solve the heuristic of allocating problem. We may also use conversion of multiple parameters into single equivalent parameter so that number of inputs and comparisons will be reduced.