gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Interaction Forces between Nanoparticles in the Presence of Lennard−Jones Polymers:  Freely Adsorbing Homopolymer Modifiers (2004)

The force between two nanoscale colloidal particles dispersed in a solution of freely adsorbing Lennard-Jones homopolymer modifiers is calculated using the expanded grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method. We investigate the effect of polymer chain length (N), nanoparticle diameter (sigma(c)), and colloid-polymer interaction energy (epsilon(cp)) on polymer adsorption (Gamma) and polymer-induced forces (F(P)(r)) between nanoparticles in the full thermodynamic equilibrium condition. There is a strong correlation between polymer adsorption and the polymer-mediated nanoparticle forces. When the polymer adsorption is weak, as in the case of smaller diameters and short polymer chain lengths (sigma(c) = 5, N = 10), the polymers do not have any significant effect on the bare nanoparticle interactions. The adsorbed amount increases with increasing particle diameter, polymer chain length, and colloid-polymer interaction energy. In general, for strong polymer-particle adsorption the polymer-governed force profiles between nanoparticles show short-range repulsion and long-ranged attraction, suggesting that homopolymers would not be ideal for achieving stabilization in nanoparticle dispersions. The attraction is likely due to bridging, as well as polymer segment-segment interactions. The location and magnitude of attractive minimum in the force profile can be controlled by varying N and epsilon(cp). The results show partial agreement and some marked differences with previous theoretical and experimental studies of forces in the limit of flat walls in an adsorbing polymer solution. The difference could be attributed to incorporation of long-ranged colloid-polymer potential in our simulations and the influence of the curvature of the nanoparticles.
Stochastic Modeling and Optimization of Phage Display (1997)

Phage display, SELEX and other methods of combinatorial chemistry have become very popular means of finding ligands with high affinities to given targets. Despite their success, they suffer from numerous sources of error and bias, such as very low initial concentrations of species, non-specific binding, and the sampling of only a tiny fraction of the library at the end of an experiment. To understand the interaction of these errors and to better devise molecular search strategies that take the errors into account, we devise and analyze a highly detailed model of phage display. The model is specifically designed to study the influence of the stochastic nature of each laboratory step. The model includes phage multivalency, multiple classes of targets, and solid-phase equilibrium and washing, yet it is amenable to analytic results and rapid computer simulation. With both analytic and simulation approaches, we (1) describe the effects of target concentration, phage valency, degree of backg...
Measurement of air‐gunn signatures with gun‐port pressure transducers (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001Measurement of air‐gunn signatures with gun‐port pressure transducersAuthors: Anton ZiolkowskiAnton ZiolkowskiDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, United Kingdomhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816633 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816633FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Anton Ziolkowski, (2001), "Measurement of air‐gunn signatures with gun‐port pressure transducers," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816633 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Limiters protect ADCs without adding harmonics (2015)

odern receivers often use high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to sample signals at intermediate fre-quencies (IFs) or even at radio frequen-cies (RFs), such as software-defined-radio (SDR) receivers.1 However, the amplitude of an incoming signal may exceed an ADC’s maximum permissible input level during large-signal conditions. To avoid damaging or degrading the ADC, amplitude limiting is necessary. While automatic-gain-control (AGC) circuitry can be effective for controlling IF amplitude excursion in traditional single-carrier systems, it is not desir-able in modern multicarrier applications.2 One solution is to cap the IF amplitude excursion with a limiter. Unfortunately, it creates a new problem: The strong nonlinearity that is required of a good limiter also makes it an
Efficient and flexible simulation of phase locked loops, part II: Post processing and a design example (2008)

Although phase-locked loops (PLLs) are arguably the most ubiquitous control loop designed by humans, system theory analysis seems to lag behind the practice of implementation. In particular, full simulation of PLLs is rare. This paper will explain the reasons for this and offer an efficient and flexible simulator for PLLs. Part I of this paper described the simulator design. This part describes the post processing and show some results.
Fingolimod (FTY720): A Recently Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drug Based on a Fungal Secondary Metabolite (2011)

Fingolimod (Gilenya; FTY720), a synthetic compound based on the fungal secondary metabolite myriocin (ISP-I), is a potent immunosuppressant that was approved (September 2010) by the U.S. FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod was synthesized by the research group of Tetsuro Fujita at Kyoto University in 1992 while investigating structure-activity relationships of derivatives of the fungal metabolite ISP-I, isolated from Isaria sinclairii. Fingolimod becomes active in vivo following phosphorylation by sphingosine kinase 2 to form fingolimod-phosphate, which binds to extracellular G protein-coupled receptors, sphingosine 1-phosphates, and prevents the release of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue. Fingolimod is orally active, which is unique among current first-line MS therapies, and it has the potential to be used in the treatment of organ transplants and cancer. This review highlights the discovery and development of fingolimod, from an isolated lead natural product, through synthetic analogues, to an approved drug.
Full-Body Locomotion Reconstruction of Virtual Characters Using a Single Inertial Measurement Unit (2017)

This paper presents a method of reconstructing full-body locomotion sequences for virtual characters in real-time, using data from a single inertial measurement unit (IMU). This process can be characterized by its difficulty because of the need to reconstruct a high number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) from a very low number of DOFs. To solve such a complex problem, the presented method is divided into several steps. The user's full-body locomotion and the IMU's data are recorded simultaneously. Then, the data is preprocessed in such a way that would be handled more efficiently. By developing a hierarchical multivariate hidden Markov model with reactive interpolation functionality the system learns the structure of the motion sequences. Specifically, the phases of the locomotion sequence are assigned in the higher hierarchical level, and the frame structure of the motion sequences are assigned at the lower hierarchical level. During the runtime of the method, the forward algorithm is used for reconstructing the full-body motion of a virtual character. Firstly, the method predicts the phase where the input motion belongs (higher hierarchical level). Secondly, the method predicts the closest trajectories and their progression and interpolates the most probable of them to reconstruct the virtual character's full-body motion (lower hierarchical level). Evaluating the proposed method shows that it works on reasonable framerates and minimizes the reconstruction errors compared with previous approaches.
Modulation Instability of Incoherent Beams in Noninstantaneous Nonlinear Media (2000)

We show that modulation instability can exist with partially spatially incoherent light beams in a noninstantaneous nonlinear environment. For such incoherent modulation instability to occur, the value of the nonlinearity has to exceed a threshold imposed by the degree of spatial coherence.
Convection Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment Cooling (1988)

To maintain the best possible thermal environment in electronic packages, the engineer must establish the most efficient path for heat transfer from the electronic devices to an external cooling agent. The path is typically subdivided into internal and external components, representing, respectively, heat transfer by conduction through different materials and interfaces separating the devices from the package surface and heat transfer by convection from the surface to the coolant. Depending on the scale and speed of the electronic circuits, as well as on constraints imposed by nonthermal considerations, the coolant may be a gas or a liquid and heat transfer may be by natural, forced, or mixed convection or, in the case of a liquid, by pool or forced convection boiling. In this paper a comprehensive review of convection cooling options is provided.
Inhibition of c-Fos expression in the UV-irradiated epidermis by topical application of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides suppresses activation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (1995)

Induction of c-fos protooncogene expression following exposure of mammalian skin to UV irradiation suggests an involvement in UV-induced alterations of epidermal cell proliferation and viability. In the present study we have investigated whether topically administered c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) inhibit c-fos activation in the UV-exposed rat skin and thereby modulate the delayed increase in cellular proliferative activity. The accumulation of c-Fos immunolabeled nuclei in the epidermis was almost completely blocked 18 h post-irradiation by topical treatment with the c-fos antisense ODN. The co-expression of c-Jun was not affected and a random sequence control ODN was ineffective. Epicutaneous application of fluorescein-labeled ODNs revealed penetration into the underlying epidermis. The appearance of nuclear immunoreactivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 18 h after UV exposure was significantly suppressed in the epidermis treated with c-fos antisense ODNs. In vitro PCNA is involved in both DNA repair synthesis and DNA replication, and the expression of PCNA mRNA is increased after UV irradiation. Thus, it may be speculated that UV-induced c-Fos transcription factor may be linked to repair of photodamaged DNA and/or cell cycle progression by trans-activating PCNA gene expression.
High pressure studies of the effect of viscosity on fluorescence efficiency in crystal violet and auramine O (1977)

The dependence of the fluorescence efficiency of the dyes crystal violet and auramine O on solvent viscosity at room temperature has been investigated using pressure to alter the viscosity. Pressures to 11 kbar on four polar solvents were utilized to obtain a 5 order of magnitude viscosity range. We confirm the η2/3 dependence of fluorescence intensity on viscosity shown for crystal violet by Förster and Hoffman [T.H. Förster and G. Hoffman, Z. Physik. Chem. NF, 75, 63(1971)] and observe the same dependence for auramine O over a smaller range of viscosities with a large deviation at low viscosity. The effect of increasing solvent viscosity on the peak shift and half-width change is briefly discussed in terms of a configuration coordinate model.
Studies of Retinal Vascular Patterns (1960)

Flat preparations of the retina afford an unusually favorable opportunity to study blood vessel architecture (Ballantyne and Lowenstein 1 ). The retinal vessels have been visualized in the past by the following methods: 1. injection of India ink into the heart, major arteries, or directly into the retinal artery (Michaelsen, 2 Ashton, 3 Keeney and Barlow, 4 and others); 2. latex injection into the aorta (Janes 5 ); 3. benzidine-peroxidase staining of the red blood cells (Michaelsen 2 ); 4. infusion of silver nitrate with subsequent reduction of the silver to outline the reticular fibers, 6 and 5. staining of the full thickness of
Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and 3D Cell Culture (2010)

In tissue engineering applications or even in 3D cell cultures, the biological cross talk between cells and the scaffold is controlled by the material properties and scaffold characteristics. In order to induce cell adhesion, proliferation, and activation, materials used for the fabrication of scaffolds must possess requirements such as intrinsic biocompatibility and proper chemistry to induce molecular biorecognition from cells. Materials, scaffold mechanical properties and degradation kinetics should be adapted to the specific tissue engineering application to guarantee the required mechanical functions and to accomplish the rate of the new-tissue formation. For scaffolds, pore distribution, exposed surface area, and porosity play a major role, whose amount and distribution influence the penetration and the rate of penetration of cells within the scaffold volume, the architecture of the produced extracellular matrix, and for tissue engineering applications, the final effectiveness of the regenerative process. Depending on the fabrication process, scaffolds with different architecture can be obtained, with random or tailored pore distribution. In the recent years, rapid prototyping computer-controlled techniques have been applied to the fabrication of scaffolds with ordered geometry. This chapter reviews the principal polymeric materials that are used for the fabrication of scaffolds and the scaffold fabrication processes, with examples of properties and selected applications.
The depletion attraction: an underappreciated force driving cellular organization (2006)

Cellular structures are shaped by hydrogen and ionic bonds, plus van der Waals and hydrophobic forces. In cells crowded with macromolecules, a little-known and distinct force-the "depletion attraction"-also acts. We review evidence that this force assists in the assembly of a wide range of cellular structures, ranging from the cytoskeleton to chromatin loops and whole chromosomes.
Molecular cloning and expression of a new α&#x2010;subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase Interchangeability of the α&#x2010;subunits of the enzyme (1991)

A cDNA coding for a new subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase with a calculated molecular mass of 81.7 kDa was cloned and sequenced. On the basis of sequence homology, the new subunit appears to be an isoform of the alpha 1-subunit and was designated alpha 2 as the new subunit is very similar to the alpha 1-subunit in the middle and C-terminal part; it is quite diverse in the N-terminal part. Preceding experiments had shown that coexpression of the alpha 1- and beta 1-subunits is necessary to obtain a catalytically active guanylyl cyclase in COS cells [(1990) FEBS Lett. 272, 221-223]. The finding that the alpha 2-subunit was able to replace the alpha 1- but not the beta 1-subunit in expression experiments demonstrates the interchangeability of the alpha-subunit isoforms of soluble guanylyl cyclase.
Mapping Common Errors in Entity Relationship Diagram Design of Novice Designers (2021)

Data modeling in the context of database design is a challenging task for any database designer, even more so for novice designers. A proper database schema is a key factor for the success of any information systems, hence conceptual data modeling that yields the database schema is an essential process of the system development. However, novice designers encounter difficulties in understanding and implementing such models. This study aims to identify the difficulties in understanding and implementing data models and explore the origins of these difficulties. This research examines the data model produced by students and maps the errors done by the students. The errors were classified using the SOLO taxonomy. The study also sheds light on the underlying reasons for the errors done during the design of the data model based on interviews conducted with a representative group of the study participants. We also suggest ways to improve novice designer's performances more effectively, so they can draw more accurate models and make use of advanced design constituents such as entity hierarchies, ternary relationships, aggregated entities, and alike. The research findings might enrich the data body research on data model design from the students' perspectives.
Using ambient ozone for assignment of double bond position in unsaturated lipids (2011)

Unsaturated lipids deposited onto a range of materials are observed to react with the low concentrations of ozone present in normal laboratory air. Parent lipids and ozonolysis cleavage products are both detected directly from surfaces by desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) with the resulting mass spectra providing clear evidence of the double bond position within these molecules. This serendipitous process has been coupled with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to provide a simple but powerful approach for the detailed structural elucidation of lipids present in complex biological extracts. Lipid extracts from human lens were deposited onto normal phase TLC plates and then developed to separate components according to lipid class. Exposure of the developed plates to laboratory air for ca. 1 h prior to DESI-MS analysis gave rise to ozonolysis products allowing for the unambiguous identification of double bond positions in even low abundant, unsaturated lipids. In particular, the co-localization of intact unsaturated lactosylceramides (LacCer) with products from their oxidative cleavage provide the first evidence for the presence of three isomeric LacCer (d18:0/24:1) species in the ocular lens lipidome, i.e., variants with double bonds at the n-9, n-7 and n-5 positions.
Crystalline silicon on insulators by graphoepitaxy (1979)

Graphoepitaxy is a new technique that uses artificial surface relief structures to induce crystallographic orientation in thin films. A simple model for graphoepitaxy is presented which predicts that materials that can be deposited on smooth amorphous substrates to produce a crystalline texture can be uniformly oriented by appropriate surface relief structures. Recently, graphoepitaxy has been used to achieve uniformly oriented silicon films 0.5 µm thick over surface relief gratings etched into amorphous fused silica substrates. The silicon was first deposited as an amorphous film and then crystallized using a scanned Ar laser beam. The mean [100] directions in the silicon were parallel to the grating and perpendicular to the substrate plane. Films uniformly doped with phosphorous (2.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> atoms/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) had an electron mobility at least 40% of the bulk value.
Flight data recorder: monitoring persistent-state interactions to improve systems management (2006)

Mismanagement of the persistent state of a system---all the executable files, configuration settings and other data that govern how a system functions---causes reliability problems, security vulnerabilities, and drives up operation costs. Recent research traces persistent state interactions---how state is read, modified, etc.---to help troubleshooting, change management and malware mitigation, but has been limited by the difficulty of collecting, storing, and analyzing the 10s to 100s of millions of daily events that occur on a single machine, much less the 1000s or more machines in many computing environments.We present the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) that enables always-on tracing, storage and analysis of persistent state interactions. FDR uses a domain-specific log format, tailored to observed file system workloads and common systems management queries. Our lossless log format compresses logs to only 0.5--0.9 bytes per interaction. In this log format, 1000 machine-days of logs---over 25 billion events---can be analyzed in less than 30 minutes. We report on our deployment of FDR to 207 production machines at MSN, and show that a single centralized collection machine can potentially scale to collecting and analyzing the complete records of persistent state interactions from 4000+ machines. Furthermore, our tracing technology is shipping as part of the Windows Vista OS.
Low-crosstalk 1*2 optical switch composed of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells (1993)

A low-crosstalk structure for a 1*2 optical switch using twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN-LC) cells is proposed. Low crosstalk can be obtained by using a walkoff polarizing beam splitter between two TN-LC cells mutually controlled in opposite states. A 1*2 polarization-independent optical switch is assembled using single-mode fibers. Its insertion loss and crosstalk, in both switching modes, are <or=1.6 dB and <or=-37.1 dB, respectively.<<ETX>>
A dual mechanosensory and chemosensory neuron in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1993)

After light touch to its nose, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans halts forward locomotion and initiates backing. Here we show that three classes of neurons (ASH, FLP, and OLQ) sense touch to the nose and hence are required for this avoidance response. ASH, FLP, and OLQ have sensory endings that contain axonemal cilia. Mutant animals that have defective ciliated sensory endings as well as laser-operated animals that lack ASH, FLP, and OLQ fail to respond to touch to the nose. Together with the previous work of others, these results demonstrate that C. elegans has at least five morphologically distinct classes of mechanosensory neurons. Interestingly, the ASH neuron also acts as a chemosensory neuron; it mediates the avoidance of noxious chemicals. Since ASH possesses both chemosensory and mechanosensory modalities, this neuron might be functionally analogous to vertebrate nociceptors, which mediate the sensation of pain.