gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing emission current from MIM cathodes by using an Ir-Pt-Au multilayer top electrode (2000)

We investigated the effect of the top electrode materials on the electron emission and durability of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cathodes. The durability is improved when high sublimation-enthalpy material, such as Ir, Mo, or W, are used; however, the emission current, and the transfer ratio, decrease. The material dependence of the transfer ratio is shown to be dominated by the scattering probability of hot electrons in the metal. The scattering probability was estimated from the metal's density-of-states, or more simply, from the number of d-electrons. We found that the multilayer top electrode consisting of Ir, Pt, and Au provides the best top electrode combination for MIM cathodes. The high sublimation-enthalpy Ir layer, which is in contact with the insulator, acts as a barrier metal and improves the durability, whereas the surface Au layer maintains the transfer ratio at a high value. With this top electrode structure, emission current density is increased to 5.8 mA/cm/sup 2/, which is sufficient for field-emission displays. We demonstrated a display consisting of a 30/spl times/30-dot MIM cathode-array with the multilayer top electrodes.
A thyristor phase-controlled voltage-source converter with bidirectional power flow capability (1998)

A new line-commutated thyristor phase-controlled voltage-source power converter (VSC) with bidirectional power flow capability is proposed and studied. The proposed power converter has the same structure as the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) VSC, however, the switching devices are not self-commutated devices but line-commutated thyristors, and the converter is operated not with PWM but with six-pulse phase control. As in the case of the PWM VSC, the proposed converter provides a bidirectional DC-side current capability and, hence, the DC-side voltage can be regulated at its desired value. The harmonics are much smaller than those in the conventional thyristor phase-controlled current-source power converter. The proposed converter can be useful as a utility interface power converter, especially in high-power voltage-source inverter motor drive systems with regenerative braking.
OpenID: Decentralised Single Sign-on for the Web (2007)

take a brief look at OpenID and ask what relevance it has to e-learning
Production of the Pepper Aroma Compound, (−)-Rotundone, by Aerial Oxidation of α-Guaiene (2014)

The aroma link between pepper and wine has recently been elucidated to be due to the important aroma compound rotundone. To date, rotundone is the only known impact odorant with a peppery aroma. Although the concentration found in products of natural origin is small, the odor detection threshold is among the lowest of any natural product yet discovered. We report herein the identification of the first known precursor to rotundone, namely, α-guaiene, and that one mechanism of transformation is simple aerial oxidation.
Basal Expression of IκBα Is Controlled by the Mammalian Transcriptional Repressor RBP-J (CBF1) and Its Activator Notch1 (2003)

By using the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) as a paradigm for cells that undergo long term re-programming of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, we have determined a novel mechanism by which mammalian cells establish their basal NF-kappaB activity. Elevation of NF-kappaB activity during HSC activation is accompanied by induction of CBF1 expression and DNA binding activity. We show that the transcriptional repressor CBF1 interacts with a dual NF-kappaB/CBF1-binding site (kappaB2) in the IkappaBalpha promoter. Nucleotide substitutions that disrupt CBF1 binding to the kappaB2 site result in an elevation of IkappaBalpha promoter activity and loss of responsiveness of the promoter to a transfected CBF1 reporter vector. Overexpression of CBF1 in COS1 cells was associated with markedly reduced IkappaBalpha protein expression and elevated NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. CBF1-induced repression of IkappaBalpha promoter activity was reversed in HSC transfected with the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). The ability of NICD to enhance IkappaBalpha gene transcription was confirmed in COS1 cells and was found to be dependent on an intact RAM domain of NICD that has been shown previously to help mediate the interaction of NICD with CBF1. One of the mechanisms by which NICD is thought to convert CBF1 into an activator of transcription is via the recruitment of transcriptional co-activators/histone acetylases to gene promoters. Co-transfection of HSC with NICD and p53 caused a diminution of IkappaBalpha promoter activity, by contrast overexpression of p300 enhanced IkappaBalpha promoter function. Taken together, these data suggest that basal IkappaBalpha expression (and as a consequence NF-kappaB activity) is under the control of the various components of the CBF1/Notch signal transduction pathway.
Hopfield neural network and Viterbi decoding for asynchronous MC-CDMA communication systems (2002)

Hopfield neural network (HNN) multiuser detection in conjunction with Viterbi decoding of an asynchronous multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) communication system is investigated. In this scenario, the noise is characterized as being the sum of other users' interference and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The optimal multiuser detector for CDMA has a complexity that is exponential with the number of users. Previous studies have shown that this detector can completely remove the multiple-access interference from the received signal. Convolutional encoding with Viterbi decoding is particularly suited to a channel in which the transmitted signal is corrupted mainly by AWGN. Simulation results indicate that the HNN detector with Viterbi decoding is a good alternative to matched filter detectors.
The behaviour of boron impurities in n-type gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide (1974)

Local mode absorption measurements have been made on GaAs and GaP grown by the LEC technique. In n-type crystals boron impurities are not incorporated exclusively on gallium sites. A new defect involving a single boron atom of tetrahedral symmetry has been found and is designated as a B(2) centre. Pairing of these centres with group VI donors and silicon donors has been observed and it is concluded that the B(2) centre is an acceptor. On the basis of the available data it seems most likely that the B(2) centre is a B(V) defect (antistructure), but a possible alternative is that it is a boron atom in an interstitial site. In either case, the results are important in relation to the structure on non-stoichiometric crystals.
Nonfrozen Preservation of Articular Cartilage by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reversibly Regulating Cell Cycle and NF-κB Expression (2009)

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is known to have beneficial effects on the nonfrozen preservation of mammalian cells and tissues. In this study, we aimed at testifying the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of cold preservation of articular cartilages can be ameliorated by the addition of EGCG to the storage media. Articular cartilages were preserved in a storage solution composed of serum-free RPMI 1640 media with 1 mM EGCG at 4 degrees C for 1-4 weeks. The regulatory effects of EGCG on cell cycle progression as well as expression levels of CyCliNS (CCNs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were investigated in articular chondrocytes. Chondrocyte viability of cartilages preserved with EGCG was significantly well maintained for 2 weeks with high contents of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen. These beneficial effects of EGCG were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical observations showing well-preserved cartilaginous structures and delayed denaturation of extracellular matrices. The compressive elastic modulus of cartilages preserved with EGCG was close to that of fresh specimens. Increased cell population at the G(0)/G(1) phase by EGCG returned to the normal level after EGCG removal, whereas decrease at the G(2)/M phase did not. Negatively regulated expression of CCND1, CCNE2, or NF-kappaB in EGCG-treated cells was restored by removing EGCG, but not CCNA2 and CCNB1. After 8 weeks of in vivo implantation into full-thickness cartilage defects in rabbits, the cartilages preserved with EGCG were found to be integrated with the host environment and support tissue regeneration. It is suggested that EGCG plays effective roles in preserving and repairing articular cartilages by reversibly regulating cell cycle at G(0)/G(1) phase and NF-kappaB expression.
Cranial tibial wedge osteotomy: A technique for eliminating cranial tibial thrust in cranial cruciate ligament repair (1984)

Cranial tibial wedge osteotomy, surgical technique for cranial cruciate ligament rupture, was performed on 19 stifles in dogs. This procedure leveled the tibial plateau, thus causing weight-bearing forces to be compressive and eliminating cranial tibial thrust. Without cranial tibial thrust, which was antagonistic to the cranial cruciate ligament and its surgical reconstruction, cruciate ligament repairs were allowed to heal without constant loads. This technique was meant to be used as an adjunct to other cranial cruciate ligament repair techniques.
Measuring Oxygen Saturation With Smartphone Cameras Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Arterial oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) is an indicator of how much oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in the blood. Having enough oxygen is vital for the functioning of cells in the human body. Measurement of [Formula: see text] is typically estimated with a pulse oximeter, but recent works have investigated how smartphone cameras can be used to infer [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we propose methods for the measurement of [Formula: see text] with a smartphone using convolutional neural networks and preprocessing steps to better guard against motion artifacts. To evaluate this methodology, we conducted a breath-holding study involving 39 participants. We compare the results using two different mobile phones. We compare our model with the ratio-of-ratios model that is widely used in pulse oximeter applications, showing that our system has significantly lower mean absolute error (2.02%) than a medical pulse oximeter.
Examining threats to skin integrity. (2001)

Intact skin serves a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of the body and is regarded as the body's first line of defense against invading micro-organisms. The skin's barrier function can be jeopardized or threatened by several events: aging, dryness, bathing technique, activities of daily living, and soaps. In this paper, the authors review the structures of the skin that facilitate moisture retention and examine bathing practices that threaten the integrity of the skin. Finally, wound and skin care nurses, as well as generalist nurses, are encouraged to critically review the type of soap and the techniques used for bathing.
Differential susceptibilities of DNA polymerases-αand -βto polyanions (1978)

The effects of various polyanions including synthetic polynucleotides on DNApolymerases-alpha and -beta from blastulae of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and HeLa cells were studied. Only DNA polymerase-alpha was inhibited by polyanions, such as polyvinyl sufate, dextran sulfate, heparin, poly(G), poly(I), poly(U) and poly(ADP-Rib). Of the various polynucleotides tested, poly(G) and poly(I) were the strongest inhibitors. Kinetic studies showed that the Ki value for poly(G) was 0.3 microgram/ml and that poly(G) had 20-fold higher affinity than activated DNA for the template-primer site of DNA polymerase-alpha. Poly(U) and poly(ADP-Rib) were also inhibitory, but they were one hundredth as inhibitory as poly(G) or poly(I). Poly(A), poly(C), poly(A).poly(U) AND POLY(I).poly(C) were not inhibitory to DNA polymerase-alpha. In contrast, DNA olymerase-beta was not affected at all by these polyanions under the same conditions.
Ultraviolet‐curable, abrasion‐resistant, and weatherable coatings with improved adhesion (1991)

Abstract A UV‐curable coating for plastics that is abrasion resistant and weatherable is described. The coating consists of colloidal silica functionalized with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy‐silane (MAPTMS) in a matrix of acrylic monomers. The formulation employs diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP) as a photoinitiator and a sulfonated benzotriazole as a UV absorber. It has been found that the adhesion of the coating depends greatly on the type of acrylic monomers used and the application parameters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that improved adhesion is due to the formation of an interpenetrating layer between coating and substrate.
New insights from SONAR indicate adding sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors to an endothelin receptor antagonist mitigates fluid retention and enhances albuminuria reduction (2020)

The diuretic effects achieved with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may offset fluid retaining effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) atrasentan while effects on albuminuria and kidney protection of both drug classes may be complimentary due to distinct mechanisms of action. Here, post-hoc analysis of the SONAR trial, in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, show that six-weeks treatment with combined SGLT2i/atrasentan versus atrasentan alone decreased body weight, a surrogate for fluid retention, and further decreased albuminuria. Thus, these promising findings support future clinical studies to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of combined SGLT2i/ERA treatment.
Linked optical and gene expression profiling of single cells at high throughput (2019)

Abstract Single cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing cells, but not all phenotypes of interest can be observed through gene expression alone. Linking sequencing with optical analysis has provided insight into the molecular basis behind cellular function, but current approaches have limited throughput. Here, we present a high throughput platform for linked optical and gene expression profiling of single cells. We demonstrate accurate fluorescence and gene expression measurements from thousands of cells in a single experiment and use the platform to characterize DNA and RNA changes in Jurkat cells through the cell cycle. In addition to its scalability, our integration of microfluidics and array-based molecular biology holds promise for comprehensive multi-omics profiling of single cells.
Modeling of Surface-Roughness Scattering in Ultrathin-Body SOI MOSFETs (2007)

A rigorous surface-roughness scattering model for ultrathin-body silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs is derived, which reduces to Ando's model in the limit of bulk MOSFETs. The matrix element of the scattering potential reflects the fluctuations of both the wavefunction and the potential energy. The matrix element reflecting the fluctuation of the wavefunction is expressed in an integral form which can be considered as a generalized Prange-Nee term-to which it is equivalent in the limit of an infinitely high insulator-semiconductor barrier-giving more accurate results in the case of a finite barrier height. The matrix element reflecting the fluctuation of the potential energy is due to the Coulomb interactions originating from the roughness-induced fluctuation of the electron charge density, the interface polarization charge, and the image-charge density. The roughness-limited low-field electron mobility in thin-body SOI MOSFETs is obtained using the matrix elements that we have derived. We study its dependence on the silicon body thickness, effective field, and dielectric constant of the insulator.
Prognostic value of FDG PET imaging in malignant pleural mesothelioma. (1999)

Patients with highly active mesotheliomas on FDG PET imaging have a poor prognosis. High FDG uptake in these tumors indicates shorter patient survival.
Human fibroblast tissue factor is inhibited by lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor and placental anticoagulant protein but not by apolipoprotein A-II (1989)

Studies of proteins that inhibit tissue factor activity have generally been conducted using either an extracted tissue homogenate ("thromboplastin") or tissue factor protein reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles rather than with tissue factor expressed in cell membranes (its physiological environment). In the present study, a human fibroblast cell strain was used to evaluate the effects of lipoprotein associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI), placental anticoagulant protein (PAP), and apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) on human tissue factor in cell membranes. LACI was tested from 7.8 to 500 pmol/L on fibroblasts cultured at cell densities ranging from 3,500 to 9,925 cells/well, and caused a progressive inhibition of tissue factor activity. PAP was tested from 3.9 nmol/L to 1 mumol/L at cell densities ranging from 4,500 to 15,400 cells/well and caused up to 83% inhibition of tissue factor activity. Inhibition by these proteins appeared to be influenced by cell density as well as whether the cells were intact or disrupted. Apo A-II, up to 1 mumol/L, did not inhibit the tissue factor activity of intact or disrupted fibroblasts at any cell density examined even though it did inhibit the activity of tissue factor in phospholipid vesicles. Of these inhibitors of tissue factor-dependent activation of factor X, LACI was the most effective in suppressing the generation of factor Xa activity. The effects obtained with apo A-II are clearly dependent on the nature of the tissue factor preparation with which it is tested. The disparity between the inhibitory effect of apo A-II on the activity of tissue factor reconstituted into lipid vesicles and the absence of effect on the activity of tissue factor remaining in cell membranes serves to reemphasize the necessity of reexamining results obtained with model systems using as nearly physiological reagents as possible.
Preparation and use of insolubilized amyloglucosidase for the production of sweet glucose liquors (1969)

Abstract Amyloglucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.3), partially purified from an Aspergillus species, was chemically attached to DEAE cellulose using the bifunctional reagent 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloro‐ s ‐triazine. The action of the insolubilized enzyme derivative on dilute maltose and dextrin solutions was studied in a packed bed. A second and deeper bed was used to demonstrate the possibility of a continuous process for raising the dextrose; equivalents of “glucose” liquors of high concentration formed by acid hydrolysis of maize starch.
Binding of polymyxin B nonapeptide to gram-negative bacteria (1985)

The binding of the outer membrane-disorganizing peptide polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) to gram-negative bacteria was studied by using tritium-labeled PMBN. Smooth Salmonella typhimurium had a binding capacity of ca. 6 nmol of PMBN per mg (dry weight) of bacteria, which corresponds to ca. 1 X 10(6) to 2 X 10(6) molecules of PMBN per single cell. The binding was of relatively high affinity (Kd, 1.3 microM). The isolated outer membrane of S. typhimurium bound ca. 100 nmol of PMBN per mg of outer membrane protein (Kd, 1.1 microM), whereas the cytoplasmic membrane bound 9 to 10 times less. Other bacteria which are susceptible to the action of PMBN (Escherichia coli strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae) also bound large amounts of PMBN. The S. typhimurium pmrA mutant, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Proteus mirabilis (all known as resistant to polymyxin and PMBN) bound 3.3, 4, and 12 times less than S. typhimurium, respectively. The binding of PMBN to S. typhimurium was effectively inhibited by low concentrations of polymyxin B, compound EM49 (octapeptin), polylysine, and protamine. Spermine, Ca2+, and Mg2+ also inhibited the PMBN binding although they were ca. 160, 700, and 2,400 times less active (based on molarity) than polymyxin B, respectively. No binding inhibition was found at the tested concentrations of streptomycin, tetralysine, spermidine, or cadaverine.
Designing for health - A methodology for integrated diagnostics/prognostics (2006)

System readiness is vital to supporting the war fighter's needs. A robust health management system (HMS) enables the war fighter and maintainer to quickly access the health of a system through diagnostics and the probable failure impact of a mission through prognostics increasing probability of mission success. This systems engineering approach to integrated diagnostics and prognostics provides the foundation to supporting the total test environment with traceability of requirements through analysis and implementation while reducing false alarms and could-not duplicates (CNDs)
Ki 67 is a major, but not the sole determinant of Oncotype Dx recurrence score (2011)

Ki 67 proliferation value is a major, but not the sole determinant of Oncotype Dx score.
Ethene and Propene Copolymers Containing Silsesquioxane Side Groups (1997)

The novel monovinyl-functional silsesquioxane cage 1-(9-decenyl)-3,5,7,9,11,13,15-heptaethylpentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane has been prepared and copolymerized with ethene and propene. The monovinyl-functional spherosiloxane was obtained from the octahydridosilsesquioxane (HSiO3/2)8 via hydrosilation with dibrominated decadiene, followed by reaction of the nonreacted SiH groups with ethene, debromination, and chromatographic separation. Homopolymerization and copolymerization with ethene and propene was performed using different methylalumoxane-activated metallocene catalysts. Depending on catalyst structure comonomer incorporation between 17 and 25 wt % was achieved. High molar mass copolymers were obtained containing pendant octasiloxane cubes. Characterization by 13C, 1H, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the catalyst did not modify the Si−O−Si framework. Incorporation up to 25 wt % (1.2 mol %) of the spherosiloxane-based monomer accounted for a decrease of the melting temperature by 18 K with respect to polyethene. As demonstrated by means of thermal gravimetric analysis, thermostability under air was improved in the polyethene copolymer in comparison to polyethene.
A study of focused ion beam patterned thin magnetic films with soft x-ray and magneto-optical microscopy (2010)

Until the last few years, focussed ion beam systems were primarily used within the\nsemiconductor industry as tools for modifying prototype integrated circuits, but owing to the\ndevelopment of commercial systems and the concomitant reduction in costs, they are rapidly\nbecoming more popular within academic institutions for research purposes. This work\ninvestigates the potential application of the focussed ion beam to the study of patterned\nmagnetic media, which is an area of increasing interest as new methods of extending the\nperformance limits of current magnetic storage media are sought. The effects of quasihomogeneous\nGa ion implantation and micro-machining on the structural properties and\nmagnetic behaviour of thin Fe films have been studied by various microscopy techniques.\nDoses on the order of 8 X 10 15 ions cm"2 were found to induce structural changes in the\npolycrystalline microstructure, but the ferromagnetic properties were found to be reasonably\nresistant to ion implantation. The formation of magnetic domains within patterned arrays of\nsimple geometric shapes was studied using magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy and Xray\nmagnetic circular dichroism. Hysteresis properties of the patterns were determined by\nmagneto-optical measurements using a specially designed dual photoelastic modulator-based\npolarimeter. A detailed description of the polarimeter is given along with a new calibration\nmethod, which improved the accuracy of the measurement system in comparison to a more\nconventional approach.