gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The thick disc of the Galaxy: Sequel of a merging event (1995)

Accurate characterization of thick disc properties from recent kinematic and photometric surveys provides converging evidences that this intermediate population is a sequel of the violent heating of early disc populations by a merging satellite galaxy. The thick disc population is revisited under the light of new data in a number of galactic sample fields. Various thick disc hypotheses are fitted to observational data through a maximum likelihood technique. The resulting characteristics of the thick disc are the following : a scale height of 760 $\pm$ 50 pc, with a local density of 5.6 $\pm$ 1 \% of the thin disc. The scale length is constrained to be 2.8 $\pm$ 0.8 kpc, well in agreement with the disc scale length (2.5 $\pm$ 0.3 kpc). The mean metallicity of the thick disc is found to be -0.7 $\pm$ 0.2 dex, with no {significant} metallicity gradients. These photometric constraints in combination with kinematic data give new constraints on the thick disc formation. We show that thick disc characteristics are {hardly compatible with a top-down formation scenario} but fully compatible with a violent merging event arising at the early thin disc life time as described by Quinn, Hernquist \& Fullagar (1993).
Studies on Acute Respiratory Infections I. Methods of Demonstrating Microöganisms, including “Filtrable Viruses,” from upper Respiratory Tract in “health,” in “Common Colds” and in ”Influenza“ with the Object of Discovering ”Common Strains“ (1921)

The Choice of Methods. In order to decide what methods we should use to demonstrate the microorganisms that might have a relationship to acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, we first investigated those previously reported for the demonstration of such organisms. We were unable, however, in the large majority of the reports to find methods given in enough detail to use them as standards for comparison. Such questions as the following, for example, were usually treated vaguely. Just how and from what areas the material for examination was collected and at what stages of the disease? What definitely described culture media were used and how were they inoculated? How were the resulting cultures handled in order to demonstrate strain relationship? From the standpoint of arranging methods, we divided the microorganisms for which claims had been made into two general groups, namely, aerobic and anaerobic microbes, subdividing each into filtrable and non-filtrable microbes.
Measurement and simulation of the behavior of a short spark gap used as ESD protection device (2004)

The voltage-current behavior of a short spark gap having 6 /spl mu/m gap distance as a protection device against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is described. The protection capabilities and deviation of important parameters as a function of the number of applied discharges are presented and discussed. A new PSPICE model able to simulate surface and gas discharge processes at the spark gap is introduced. Measurement and simulation data are compared while taking these fundamental processes into account.
Time dose reciprocity in UV disinfection of water (1998)

The microbicidal effect of UV light depends on the dose in both, disinfection processes and natural inactivation by the sunlight in surface water. Deviations of the time dose reciprocity are well known from chemical water disinfection whereas no data are available about this effect in UV inactivation in water. In a previous study we found that the UV inactivation behaviour of yeast strains does not follow the time dose reciprocity, insofar that longer exposure led to higher reduction of cultivable cells. In contrast, an earlier study about E coli B/r claimed a higher inactivation with single exposure compared with fractionated UV irradiation. To investigate this question we selected water-relevant microorganisms and studied their UV inactivation behaviour (253.7nm) by means of a specially designed UV irradiation apparatus (a) under standard irradiation conditions (2W/m2) and (b) with three levels of UV dose rate (2, 0.2 and 0.02W/m2). The test organisms were (i) three E coli strains (ATCC 25922, ATCC 11229 and an isolate from sewage) representing the routinely used faecal indicator, (ii) three bacterial viruses (MS2, ϕX174 and B40-8) proposed as indicators for viral contamination in water and (iii) spores of Bacillus subtilis because of their use as a biodosimeter in prototype testing of commercial UV plants for drinking water disinfection. We found, under standard inactivation conditions, that the E coli strains and phage ϕX174 are most UV susceptible, followed by B40-8 and finally MS2 and bacterial spores. The dose protraction experiments revealed for the E coli strains a higher inactivation with high dose rates compared to low dose rates at the same UV doses (difference of about 1 log10 at 80-100J/m2). The other test organisms did not deviate from the time dose reciprocity in the proven range of dose.
Rodingite in nickeliferous serpentinite, near Beaconsfield, Northern Tasmania (1958)

Abstract Rodingite (gametised gabbro) with associated hydrous lime silicates (vesu‐vianite, prehnite, zoisite, etc.). occurring in the ultrabasic‐basic igneous complex of the Anderson's Creek district, west of Beaconsfield, Northern Tasmania, has been developed from hornblende gabbro by a process of lime metasomatism which antedated the intrusion of serpentinite. Xenoliths, rafts and/or roof pendants of rodingite, hornblende gabbro, pyroxenites and metamorphosed older sediments, occur in the serpentinite which is cut by later veins of gamierite, chrysotile, opaline silica, and fibrous and granular magnetite.
Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism Maps to 6q25.2-q27 in Four Ethnic Groups: Detailed Genetic Mapping of the Linked Region (1998)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition associated with degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra. There is increasing evidence that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of PD, although genetic heterogeneity is likely. An autosomal dominant syndrome with many similarities to sporadic PD has been mapped to 4q21-22 in a large Italian pedigree and has been found to be due to mutation of the alpha-synuclein gene. However, this gene appears to account for only a minority of PD, and a susceptibility locus for autosomal dominant parkinsonism has recently been mapped, on 2p13. Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (JP), which shows marked clinical similarity to PD, maps to 6q25.2-q27. We found linkage to this region in a group of 15 families from four distinct ethnic backgrounds. A full genomic screen excluded other candidate regions. We have constructed a detailed genetic map of the linked region and have mapped the position of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene (SOD2). Recombination events restricted the JP locus to a 6.9-cM region and excluded SOD2. The apparent homozygosity for null alleles at D6S955 in one family suggested a deletion and finer localization of the JP locus.
Polyphosphate Inhibition of Growth of Pseudomonads From Poultry Meat (1964)

Both commercial polyphosphates and equivalent mixtures of chemically pure polyphosphates inhibited the growth of nonfluorescent pseudomonads in a synthetic medium. Fluorescent strains grew after a short lag. Inhibition was not caused by high pH, but rather by chelation of metal ions essential to the growth of the bacteria. Mg(++) and the natural competitive chelators, pyoverdine and bacteriological peptone, reversed the inhibition. Chilling chicken carcasses overnight in slush ice containing 3 and 8% polyphosphates lengthened subsequent shelf-life 17 and 25%, respectively. Chickens held in continuous contact with 3 and 8% solutions of polyphosphates during storage at 2.2 C kept 17 and 67% longer, respectively. Only fluorescent strains developed in the presence of 3 and 8% polyphosphates. Chickens held in antiseptic ice containing 8% polyphosphates kept 60% longer than did those in water ice.
Zinc tetrafluoroborate-catalysed synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles by a solvent-free reaction (2006)

A simple and highly efficient synthesis of penta- and tri-substituted pyrroles has been developed using the Paal–Knorr reaction catalysed by aqueous zinc tetrafluoroborate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.
The UHV system of the 10 MeV RF electron linac (2008)

A 10 MeV, 10 kW RF Electron Linac, for Industrial applications, is installed and commissioned at Electron Beam Centre (EBC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. The accelerator consists of the electron gun, RF Linac, Vacuum system, Beam diagnostics system, Magnetic sweep scanning system and Scan horn. The accelerator is divided into three sections with gate valves to isolate them, to enable servicing of pumps and modifications. The vacuum requirement in the accelerator is 10−7 mbar considering the breakdown parameters of the RF field within the linac. Total length of the accelerator from electron gun to the scan horn is about 5.0 meters. Vacuum plumb lines are of SS 304 pipes of nominal bores of 100 mm and 150 mm, machined internally to a surface finish of 0.8 μm. It encloses a volume of 156 litres. Total surface area exposed to vacuum is 57,500 cm2. It consists of 5250 cm2 of OFHC Copper, 51300 cm2 of SS 304 and 940 cm2 of ceramic sections. Leak-tightness of the order of 1 × 10−9mbar.l/s is ensured for the whole system, after eliminating the leaks at every stage of the assembly. Baking the plumb line and pumps at 150° C, for eight hours an ultimate vacuum of 2 × 10−7mbar is achieved in the accelerator.
Design Considerations for Spin Readout Amplifiers in Monolithically Integrated Semiconductor Quantum Processors (2019)

The high frequency performance of all active and passive devices in a production 22nm FDSOI CMOS technology was measured up to 40 GHz over temperature down to 3.3 Kelvin, targeting applications in cryogenic and quantum computing ICs. It was found that the quality factor of the passives and the f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> of both p- and n-MOSFETs improved at 3.3 K. More importantly for circuit design, the peakf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and peak-f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> current densities, and the MOM capacitor and polysilicon resistor values show no variance with temperature. This information and the measured I-V characteristics of electron and hole single- and double-quantum dot structures, measured at 2 K and representative of qubits, were used to design monolithically integrated double quantum dots with readout transimpedance amplifiers output matched to 50 Ω. Transimpedance gain, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> , and bandwidth of 108 dBΩ, 19 dB, and 7.5 GHz, respectively, were measured at 300 K with only 4.5 mW power consumption and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> <;-10 dB up to 60 GHz.
Time Series Significance Tests Based on Signs of Differences (1943)

(1943). Time Series Significance Tests Based on Signs of Differences. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 38, No. 222, pp. 153-164.
Betaine as a Determinant of Postmethionine Load Total Plasma Homocysteine Before and After B-Vitamin Supplementation (2003)

Plasma betaine is a strong determinant of the PML increase in tHcy in subjects not supplemented with B-vitamins.
Production Engineering And Implementation Of A Modular Military Binocular (1981)

The U. S. Army's new M1 9 binocular, which incorporates an unusual modular assembly concept for simplified maintainability, is currently being produced at the rate of 2,000 per month. In succeeding sections of this paper, the origin and development by the Army of the modular concept for this binocular are reviewed briefly and performance requirements are summarized. Following this, the manufacturing engineering approach and implementation developed and carried out by the Optical Division of Bell & Howell Company in producing the M19 binocular are presented.
Differential Cellular Accumulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Defines a Subset of Reactive Astrocytes, Invading Fibroblasts, and Endothelial Cells Following Central Nervous System Injury in Rats and Humans (2001)

In brain injury, the primary trauma is followed by a cascade of cellular and molecular mechanisms resulting in secondary injury and scar formation. Astrogliosis and expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are key components of scar formation. A cytokine mediating the effects of TGF-beta is connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a fibrogenic peptide encoded by an immediate early gene with suggested roles in tissue regeneration and aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix. In order to investigate CTGF in traumatic lesions, we evaluated 20 human brains with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 18 rat brains with stab wound injury. Compared to remote areas and unaltered control brains, CTGF+ cells accumulated in border zones of the traumatic lesion site (p < 0.0001). In the direct peri-lesional rim, CTGF expression was confined to invading vimentin+, GFAP- fibroblastoid cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells of laminin+ vessels, and GFAP+ reactive astrocytes. In the direct peri-lesional rim, CTGF+ astrocytes (>80%) co-expressed the activation associated intermediate filaments nestin and vimentin. In injured rat brains, numbers of CTGF+ cells peaked at day 3 and 7 and decreased to almost base level 3 weeks postinjury, whereas in humans, CTGF+ cells remained persistently elevated up to 6 months (p < 0.0001). The restricted accumulation of CTGF+-reactive astrocytes and CTGF+ fibroblastoid cells lining the adjacent laminin+ basal lamina suggests participation of these cells in scar formation. Furthermore, peri-lesional upregulation of endothelial CTGF expression points to a role in blood-brain barrier function and angiogenesis. In addition, CTGF appears to be a sensitive marker of early astrocyte activation.
Women as Learners: Issues for Visual and Virtual Classrooms (1990)

This article uses three categories—Access and Retention, Learning Designs and Course Content—to produce a major summary of questions and issues facing women in distance and adult education. Distance education is defined with reasons for its popularity. The years 1974 - 1988 are examined in terms of writings about women in distance education; one major source for this summary is a published 1988 international collection edited by K. Faith; other sources are recent articles in distance and adult education journals and conference proceedings. Access and Retention, the first category of questions facing women distance educators is defined as the extent to which women are attracted to and are able to successfully enter courses and stay until course completion. Under-representation of women in courses and factors inhibiting women's enrolment are discussed. The second category, Learning Design, involves criteria for feminist classrooms in distance modes, grading, learner support, and genderization of technologies. The third category of questions is Course Content. The author maintains that "issues around untested assumptions, imagery, invisibility and epistemology are still as relevant for distance classrooms [virtual classrooms] as for the walled classroom [visual classrooms]." Résumé Cet article utilise trois catégories—l'accessibilité et la persévérance dans les études, l'élaboration d'activités d'apprentissage et les contenus de cours—pour fair un premier résumé d'importance sur les questions et les problèmes qui concernent les femmes en éducation à distance et en éducation des adultes. L'éducation à distance y est d'abord définie en tenant compte des raisons qui expliquent sa popularité. Les écrits sur les femmes et l'éducation à distance ont été recenses pour la période de 1974 à 1988. Une collection internationale (Faith, K. (Ed.); 1988) a constitué une référence majeure; d'autres écrits récents sur le sujet proviennent de revues et d'actes de congrès scientifiques. La première catégorie de questions (accessibilité et persévérance dans les études) examine jusqu'a quel point les femmes sont attirées par l'éducation à distance et epuvent y prendre des cours et les compléter avec succès. La sous-représentation des femmes et les facteurs qui nuisent à leur inscription font l'objet d'une discussion. La deuxième catégorie de questions (élaboration d'activités d'apprentissage) porte sur les critères à considérer dans l'organisation de classes féministes dans une modalité d'éducation à distance, sur la notation, sur le support à l'étudiante et sur lex sexisme et les technologies. La troisième catégorie de questions a trait aux contenus de cours. L'auteure affirme qui "les même problèmes de postulats non vérifiés, d'images stéréotypées, de non visibilité et d'épistémologie sont également présents dans les "classes" d'éducation à distance (classes extra muros) que dans les classes conventionnelles (classes intra muros)".
Chip on Board: Technologies for Multichip Modules (1995)

Preface Acknowledgments A brief introduction to wire bonding, tape automated bonding, and flip chip on board for multichip module applications Making COB testing tractable: chip pretest and system diagnostics Chip level interconnect wire bonding for multichip modules Chip level interconnect: wafer bumping and inner lead bonding Chip level interconnect: solder bumped flip chip Chip attachment Wire bonding chip on board Tape automated bonding chip on board and on MCM-D Solder bumped flip chip attach on SLC board and multichip module Micron bump bonding chip on board chip on board encapsulation Underfill encapsulation for flip chip applications Index
[FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia]. (2009)

This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations including internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of juxtamembrane region and point mutation of the second tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and its clinical significance. The ITD mutation in FLT3 exon 14, 15 of bone marrow mononuclear cells was detected by genomic DNA-PCR, the TKD point mutation in FLT3 exon 20 was detected by genomic DNA-PCR combined with restriction endonuclease digest. The results indicated that among 131 newly diagnosed AML patients, 21 patients (16.0%) showed FLT3-ITD positive, 3 patients (2.3%) showed FLT3-TKD positive. None was found harboring both mutations. The WBC and bone marrow blast counts in FLT3-ITD positive patients seemed both higher than those in patients with wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-wt), but there was significant difference only in WBC count (p<0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate in FLT3-ITD positive patients was 47.6%, which was significantly lower than that in FLT3-wt patients (88.1%, p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in CR rate between FLT3-ITD positive and negative patients in 20 cases of M3; the CR rate in FLT3-ITD positive patients with non M(3) was 37.5 (6/16) which was obviously lower than that in FLT3-wt patients with non M3 (90.6%, 48/53) (p<0.05). 3 FLT3-ITD positive patients with CR relapsed after CR for 14 (2-20) months with relapse rate 50% (3/6) which was higher than that in FLT3-wt patients (29.2%, 14/48). It is concluded that FLT3 mutation is common in AML patients, while FLT3-ITD mutation is more frequent than FLT3-TKD mutation. The AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutation have a poor prognosis, while FLT3-TKD point mutation does not significantly influences prognosis of the patients. Therefore early detection of FLT3 mutation may be important for targeting therapy and evaluating clinical prognosis of AML patients.
Mechanism of Sulfide-Quinone Reductase Investigated Using Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Sulfur Analysis<sup>,</sup> (2002)

Biological sulfide oxidation is a reaction occurring in all three domains of life. One enzyme responsible for this reaction in many bacteria has been identified as sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR). The enzyme from Rhodobacter capsulatus is a peripherally membrane-bound flavoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 48 kDa, presumably acting as a homodimer. In this work, SQR from Rb. capsulatus has been modified with an N-terminal His tag and heterologously expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Three cysteine residues have been shown to be essential for the reductive half-reaction by site-directed mutagenesis. The catalytic activity has been nearly completely abolished after mutation of each of the cysteines to serine. A decrease in fluorescence on reduction by sulfide as observed for the wild-type enzyme has not been observed for any of the mutated enzymes. Mutation of a conserved valine residue to aspartate within the third flavin-binding domain led to a drastically reduced substrate affinity, for both sulfide and quinone. Two conserved histidine residues have been mutated individually to alanine. Both of the resulting enzymes exhibited a shift in the pH dependence of the SQR reaction. Polysulfide has been identified as a primary reaction product using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. On the basis of these data, reaction mechanisms for sulfide-dependent reduction and quinone-dependent oxidation of the enzyme and for the formation of polysulfide are proposed.
A Pegylated Liposomal Platform: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicity in Mice Using Doxorubicin as a Model Drug (2004)

Aims were to observe pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity for constructing a Sino-pegylated liposomal platform. Human hepatocarcinoma cells (Bel7402) and murine hepatocarcinoma cells (H(22)) were used for the cytotoxicity assay and the in vivo solid xenograft tumor model in mice, respectively. Pharmacokinetic results in mice showed that the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin markedly prolonged the blood circulation of doxorubicin. Elimination half-time (T(1/2,gamma)) of pegylated, regular liposomal doxorubicin and free doxorubicin were 46.09 +/- 14.44, 26.04 +/- 3.34, and 23.72 +/- 5.13 h, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curves (AUC(0- infinity )) (h. microg/g) of the pegylated and regular liposomal doxorubicin were 6.8- and 2.6-fold higher than that of free doxorubicin, respectively. Cytotoxicity and antitumor activity in vivo indicated that activity of the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was higher than that of the regular or the free one, respectively. After two weeks of tail intravenous injection of the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin at a single dose of 10 mg/kg, no significant damage was observed in gastric, intestinal mucosa, and heart muscle, but pronounced damages were found in the control group after dosing free doxorubicin. The results demonstrate that the pegylated liposomes improve the efficacy of toxics and reduce the toxicity, therefore providing favorable evidence for building a pegylated liposomal platform.
Toward Bridging the Annotation-Retrieval Gap in Image Search (2007)

By combining novel statistical modeling techniques and the WordNet ontology, we offer a promising new approach to image search that uses automatic image tagging directly to perform retrieval.