gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Beta-Cell Mass: Why and How (2008)

Diabetes is a disorder characterized by beta-cell loss or exhaustion and insulin deficiency. At present, knowledge is lacking on the underlying causes and for the therapeutic recovery of the beta-cell mass. A better understanding of diabetes pathogenesis could be obtained through exact monitoring of the fate of beta-cells under disease and therapy conditions. This could pave the way for a new era of intervention by islet replacement and regeneration regimens. Monitoring the beta-cell mass requires a reliable method for noninvasive in vivo imaging. Such a method is not available at present due to the lack of a beta-cell-specific contrast agent. The only existing method to monitor islet cells in vivo consists of labeling islet transplants with iron nanoparticles prior to transplantation and visualization of the transplanted islets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, accurate assessment of the native beta-cell mass is still limited to autopsy studies. Endeavors to find a biological structure specific for beta-cells led to the discovery of potential candidates that have been tested for noninvasive imaging. Among them are the ligand to the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT-2), which is called dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ), antibodies to zinc transporter (ZnT-8) and the monoclonal antibody IC2. While DTBZ and antibodies to ZnT-8 showed binding activities to more than beta-cells, the anti-IC2 monoclonal antibody showed binding properties exclusively to insulin-producing beta-cells. This effect was demonstrated in many previous investigations, and has been further substantiated more recently. Thus, at present, IC2 seems to be the only useful marker for noninvasive functional imaging of native beta-cells. Experiments with a radioisotope-chelated IC2 structure on pancreas ex vivo showed that the tracer specifically bound to the beta-cell surface and could be detected by nuclear imaging. In the near future, these promising findings may offer a new way to monitor the beta-cell mass in vivo under disease and therapy conditions so that we can learn more about diabetes pathogenesis and options for disease prevention.
A High‐Performance Graphene Oxide‐Doped Ion Gel as Gel Polymer Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor Applications (2013)

Abstract A high‐performance graphene oxide (GO)‐doped ion gel (P(VDF‐HFP)‐EMIMBF 4 ‐GO gel) is prepared by exploiting copolymer (poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene), P(VDF‐HFP)) as the polymer matrix, ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, EMIMBF 4 ) as the supporting electrolyte, and GO as the ionic conducting promoter. This GO‐doped ion gel demonstrates significantly improved ionic conductivity compared with that of pure ion gel without the addition of GO, due to the homogeneously distributed GO as a 3D network throughout the GO‐doped ion gel by acting like a ion “highway” to facilitate the ion transport. With the incorporation of only a small amount of GO (1 wt%) in ion gel, there has been a dramatic improvement in ionic conductivity of about 260% compared with that of pure ion gel. In addition, the all‐solid‐state supercapacitor is fabricated and measured at room temperature using the GO‐doped ion gel as gel polymer electrolyte, which demonstrates more superior electrochemical performance than the all‐solid‐state supercapacitor with pure ion gel and the conventional supercapacitor with neat EMIMBF 4 , in the aspect of smaller internal resistance, higher capacitance performance, and better cycle stability. These excellent performances are due to the high ionic conductivity, excellent compatibility with carbon electrodes, and long‐term stability of the GO‐doped ion gel.
Cylindrical Full Metal Capacitor Technology For High-speed Gigabit DRAMs (1997)

A cylindrical Full Metal Capacitor (FMC) elcctrode with integrated metal contact-holc plug is proposed in accordancc with thc trend in DRAMs towards low-tcmpcrature processcs, low-resistance conductors, and high-e capacitor dielcctiics in order to realizc high-speed gigabitclass rncmoiy for multimedia applications. Thc FMC technology comprises such features as a W contact-hole plug. a TIN etchstopper, a PVD+CVD-W cylinder body, W-CMP with a protective cylindcr plug. a 1.6nm tox,, Ta205 dielectric, and a TiN top elcctrodc. Gigabit-scalc W cylinders have yieldcd capacitances ovcr 4Off'lccll. with higher values contingent on processes and parameters. Trends in DRAM Technology Toward FMC Concept
Origin of 1/f noise in InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs (2002)

For some applications (e.g.: mixers, oscillators), the 1/f noise upconversion limits the microwave performances of all kinds of HEMTs. That is why the origin of 1/f noise in HEMTs is highly needed. Previously it has been suggested that the channel is the main 1/f noise source at low drain bias. Recent experiments performed on different HEMT's structures indicated the InAlAs spacer and buffer as sources of 1/f noise. Some of these experiments also pointed to heterointerfaces as sources of 1/f noise. All these experiments quite clearly established the topology of the 1/f noise sources. A step further would be to answer which microscopic mechanism is responsible for the 1/f noise generation in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The purpose of this work is to identify lattice scattering as the microscopic source of 1/f noise in InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs.
Calpain inhibitor attenuated optic nerve damage in acute optic neuritis in rats (2012)

Optic neuritis (ON), which is an acute inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), often occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS). ON is an early diagnostic sign in most MS patients caused by damage to the optic nerve leading to visual dysfunction. Various features of both MS and ON can be studied following induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, in Lewis rats. Inflammation and cell death in the optic nerve, with subsequent damage to the retinal ganglion cells in the retina, are thought to correlate with visual dysfunction. Thus, characterizing the pathophysiological changes that lead to visual dysfunction in EAE animals may help develop novel targets for therapeutic intervention. We treated EAE animals with and without the calpain inhibitor calpeptin (CP). Our studies demonstrated that the Ca(2+)-activated neutral protease calpain was upregulated in the optic nerve following induction of EAE at the onset of clinical signs (OCS) of the disease, and these changes were attenuated following treatment with CP. These reductions correlated with decreases in inflammation (cytokines, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB), and microgliosis (i.e. activated microglia). We observed that calpain inhibition reduced astrogliosis (reactive astroglia) and expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4). The balance of Th1/Th2 cytokine production and also expression of the Th1-related CCR5 and CXCR3 chemokine receptors influence many pathological processes and play both causative and protective roles in neuron damage. Our data indicated that CP suppressed cytokine imbalances. Also, Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, production of tBid, PARP-1, expression and activities of calpain and caspases, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation were attenuated after treatment with CP. Our results demonstrated that CP decreased demyelination [loss of myelin basic protein (MBP)] and axonal damage [increase in dephosphorylated neurofilament protein (de-NFP)], and also promoted intracellular neuroprotective pathways in optic nerve in EAE rats. Thus, these data suggest that calpain is involved in inflammatory as well as in neurodegenerative aspects of the disease and may be a promising target for treating ON in EAE and MS.
The effect of terminal alkyl chains on hyperbranched polyesters based on 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (1996)

Abstract A hyperbranched hydroxyfunctional polyester based on 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid as AB 2 ‐monomer and a tetrafunctional polyol as core was end‐capped with five different alkylacyl chlorides. Alkyl chain lengths ranging from three to sixteen carbons were used. Short alkyl chains (3–6 carbons) decrease the glass transition temperature from around 30°C for the hydroxyterminated polyester to temperatures well below zero. With a sufficiently long alkyl chain (12–16 carbons) the polymers tend to crystallize. The polyesters with C 16 ‐chains as terminal groups exhibit several different crystalline phases as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. From X‐ray data it was possible to suggest that the crystallization for the C 16 ‐terminated samples occurs in a non‐interpenetrating fashion for the larger sample and in an interpenetrating way for the smaller polymers.
<title>Stereo pairs from linear morphing</title> (1998)

Several authors have recently investigated the ability to compute intermediate views of a scene using given 2D images from arbitrary camera positions. The methods fall under the topic of image based rendering. In the case we give here, linear morphing between two parallel views of a scene produces intermediate views that would have been produced by parallel movement of a camera. Hence, the technique produces images computed in a way that is consistent with the standard off-axis perspective projection method for computing stereo pairs. Using available commercial 2D morphing software, linear morphing can be used to produce stereo pairs from a single image with bilateral symmetry such as a human face. In our case, the second image is produced by horizontal reflection. We describe morphing and show how it can be used to provide stereo pairs from single images.
Measurement of antibody to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose): its diagnostic value in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1984)

Poly (ADP-ribose) and dsDNA binding activity have been measured in sera from 61 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 188 control sera from 20 normal individuals, 144 patients with clinically similar diseases and 24 patients with drug-induced anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). Elevated poly (ADP-ribose) binding was not observed with normal sera. Five of 144 samples from diseases entering the differential diagnosis of SLE gave raised poly (ADP-ribose) binding compared with 12 in the 125I-dsDNA binding. Only two of these false positive samples gave elevated binding in the 14C-dsDNA assay. The apparent high specificity of the poly(ADP-ribose) assay was not observed with samples containing drug-induced ANA where 62% had elevated binding values. The frequency with which the poly(ADP-ribose) assay was positive with SLE sera (sensitivity) was lower than either of the dsDNA assays. This low sensitivity and the high rate of false positives in patients with drug-induced ANA limit the value of the poly(ADP-ribose) assay as a diagnostic test for SLE. However the restriction of poly(ADP-ribose) antibody to SLE and patients with drug-induced ANA together with the known role of poly(ADP-ribose) in DNA excision repair suggest that the antibody may be of fundamental significance.
Aortic Homograft Preservation With Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1966)

THIS REPORT defines a technique of arterial homograft preservation. It does not attempt to evaluate different arterial grafting materials nor does it evaluate the long-term problems of implanted arterial homografts. The first homograft implant was carried out in the dog by Höpfner.<sup>1</sup>In 1910 Carrel<sup>2</sup>reported results of his investigations in the use of preserved homografts. His preservation techniques included the use of physiological saline solution, Locke's solution, serum, and defibrinated dog's blood at refrigerator temperatures and at temperatures of −3 C. Carrel also attempted desiccating the arteries over calcium chloride and later reconstituting them in Locke's solution. Levin<sup>3</sup>attempted preservation of aortas in formaldehyde solution (formalin). The report of Gross<sup>4</sup>and his associates in 1949 of homografts stored at 4 C in 10% homologous serum electrolyte solution revived interest in the arterial homograft. Hufnagel,<sup>5</sup>Deterling,<sup>6</sup>and Meeker and Gross<sup>7</sup>studied techniques for
Graphene Nanoplatelets Outperforming Platinum as the Electrocatalyst in Co-Bipyridine-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the form of thin semitransparent films on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) exhibit high electrocatalytic activity for the Co(bpy)3(3+/2+) redox couple in acetonitrile electrolyte solution. The GNP film is superior to the traditional electrocatalyst, that is, platinum, both in charge-transfer resistance (exchange current) and in electrochemical stability under prolonged potential cycling. The good electrochemical performance of GNP is readily applicable for dye-sensitized solar cells with Y123-sensitized TiO2 photoanodes and Co(bpy)3(3+/2+) as the redox shuttle. The dye-sensitized solar cell with GNP cathode is superior to that with the Pt-FTO cathode particularly in fill factor and in power conversion efficiency at higher illumination intensity.
Cross-streamer wavefield interpolation using deep convolutional neural network (2019)

Seismic exploration in complex geological settings and shallow geological targets has led to a demand for higher spatial and temporal resolution in the final migrated image. Seismic data from conventional marine acquisition lacks near offset and wide azimuth data, which limits imaging in these settings. In addition, large streamer separation introduce aliasing of spatial frequencies across the streamers. A new marine survey configuration, known as TopSeis, was introduced in 2017 in order to address the shallow-target problem. However, introduction of near offset data has shown to be challenging for interpolation and regularization, using conventional methods. In this paper, we investigate deep learning as a tool for interpolation beyond spatial aliasing across the streamers, in the shot domain. The proposed method is based on imaging techniques from single-image super resolution (SISR). The model architecture consist of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a periodic resampling layer for upscaling to the non-aliased wavefield. We demonstrate the performance of proposed method on representative broad-band synthetic data and TopSeis field data from the Barents Sea. Presentation Date: Monday, September 16, 2019 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 2:15 PM Location: 221D Presentation Type: Oral
A novel approach for post fabrication fine tuning and matching of microstrip patch antenna using adjustable air pocket in substrate layer (2011)

In this paper, a tunable rectangular patch antenna using adjustable air pocket in the substrate layer with a sliding arm is presented. The proposed antenna is designed on single layer (FR4 and Air) substrate with an area of 26mm by 23mm with microstrip line feed. The measured tunable frequencies ranges from 3.25GHz to 3.4GHz.
Molecular beacons with a homo-DNA stem: improving target selectivity (2005)

Molecular beacons (MBs) are stem-loop DNA probes used for identifying and reporting the presence and localization of nucleic acid targets in vitro and in vivo via target-dependent dequenching of fluorescence. A drawback of conventional MB design is present in the stem sequence that is necessary to keep the MBs in a closed conformation in the absence of a target, but that can participate in target binding in the open (target-on) conformation, giving rise to the possibility of false-positive results. In order to circumvent these problems, we designed MBs in which the stem was replaced by an orthogonal DNA analog that does not cross-pair with natural nucleic acids. Homo-DNA seemed to be specially suited, as it forms stable adenine-adenine base pairs of the reversed Hoogsteen type, potentially reducing the number of necessary building blocks for stem design to one. We found that MBs in which the stem part was replaced by homo-adenylate residues can easily be synthesized using conventional automated DNA synthesis. As conventional MBs, such hybrid MBs show cooperative hairpin to coil transitions in the absence of a DNA target, indicating stable homo-DNA base pair formation in the closed conformation. Furthermore, our results show that the homo-adenylate stem is excluded from DNA target binding, which leads to a significant increase in target binding selectivity.
PCNA and Ki67 expression in breast carcinoma: correlations with clinical and biological variables. (1992)

The PCNA-LI does not seem to be a substitute for the Ki67-LI in evaluating the growth fraction in breast cancer.
Real-time kymographic imaging for visualizing human vocal-fold vibratory function (2007)

A stand-alone kymographic system for visualizing human vocal-fold vibration in real time is presented. By using a dual charge-coupled-device construction, the system not only provides kymographic images but also simultaneously presents structural images for navigating the endoscope to a desired position. With a temporal resolution of 7200 lines/s, the kymographic imaging produces a sufficient speed to investigate most types of vocal-fold vibrations. Moreover, by buffering the kymographic images during the vertical blanking periods, the system can retrieve an uninterrupted kymographic image sequence even though the television standard is used. The results from preliminary clinical evaluation present evidence that the real-time kymographic imaging substantially reduces the time required for functional evaluation of the vocal-fold vibrations.
A novel ATP‐binding cassette transporter from <i>Leishmania</i> is involved in transport of phosphatidylcholine analogues and resistance to alkyl‐phospholipids (2007)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent an important family of membrane proteins involved in drug resistance and other biological activities. The present work reports the characterization of the first ABC subfamily G (ABCG)-like transporter, LiABCG4, in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. LiABCG4 localized mainly to the parasite plasma membrane. Overexpression of this half-transporter reduced the accumulation of phosphatidylcholine analogues and conferred resistance to alkyl-phospholipids. Likewise, when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protein localized to the yeast plasma membrane and conferred resistance to alkyl-phospholipids. Post-Golgi secretory vesicles isolated from a LiABCG4-overexpressing yeast mutant contained the leishmanial ABC transporter and exhibited ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive transport of phosphatidylcholine analogues from the cytosolic to the lumenal leaflet of the vesicle membrane. Cross-linking showed dimerization of LiABCG4. These results suggest that LiABCG4 is involved in the active transport of phosphatidylcholine and resistance to alkyl-phospholipids in Leishmania.
SQUALENE APPLIED TO GRAPEFRUIT PREVENTS CHILLING INJURY (1990)

In previous studies squalene was shown to be synthesized in grapefruit under temperature-conditioning parameters optimal for preventing chilling injury (CI). In this study, squalene and its saturated derivative squalane were applied to the fruit as sprays or dips under various protocols. Fruit were stored for various times under conditions conducive to CI. The best results were obtained when fruit were sprayed with squalene dissolved in hexane. After 4 weeks at 5C, 5% squalene reduced CI 69% and 10% squalene reduced CI 80% whereas, temperature conditioning reduced CI by a comparable amount (67%).
Correlation Between Changes in Rat Sperm Membrane Lipids, Protein, and the Membrane Physical State During Epididymal Maturation (1991)

An enriched plasma membrane fraction was isolated from caput, corpus, and cauda rat spermatozoa and analyzed for lipid and protein content, thermal phase transition temperature using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and enzymatic assays of calcium-dependent ATPase activity. Based on sperm concentration, total membrane phospholipid, cholesterol, and protein content declined as sperm passed through the epididymis. A more refined analysis of the bulk plasma membrane phospholipid revealed that approximately 56% of the phospholipid consisted of choline (PC) and ethanolamine (PE) phosphoglycerides; the remainder consisted of sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylserine (PS), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The mole percent of PE increased in sperm proceeding from the caput to the corpus epididymis and then declined from the corpus to the cauda epididymis. The phospholipid-bound fatty acids consisted primarily of palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0), with a significant increase in the mole percent of the docosapentenoyl acyl group (C22:5) in cauda sperm. Arrhenius' plots of the EPR peak height signals using the lipid soluble spin label, 5-doxyldecane, and the calcium-dependent ATPase activity as a function of temperature demonstrated a change in the apparent fluidity of the membrane and energy of activation of the calcium-dependent ATPase associated with the three sperm membrane preparations. These data suggest that the apparent fluidity and biochemical composition of the sperm membrane change during epididymal maturation.