gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiversion concurrency control for the generalized search tree (2009)

Abstract Many read‐intensive systems where fast access to data is more important than the rate at which data can change make use of multidimensional index structures, like the generalized search tree (GiST). Although in these systems the indexed data are rarely updated and read access is highly concurrent, the existing concurrency control mechanisms for multidimensional index structures are based on locking techniques, which cause significant overhead. In this article we present the multiversion‐GiST (MVGiST), an in‐memory mechanism that extends the GiST with multiversion concurrency control. The MVGiST enables lock‐free read access and ensures a consistent view of the index structure throughout a reader's series of queries, by creating lightweight, read‐only versions of the GiST that share unchanging nodes among themselves. An example of a system with high read to write ratio, where providing wait‐free queries is of utmost importance, is a large‐scale directory that indexes web services according to their input and output parameters. A performance evaluation shows that for low update rates, the MVGiST significantly improves scalability w.r.t. the number of concurrent read accesses when compared with a traditional, locking‐based concurrency control mechanism. We propose a technique to control memory consumption and confirm through our evaluation that the MVGiST efficiently manages memory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zone profile generation for location based services and traffic analysis (2008)

Abstract:- This paper presents a method for generating the zone profile of a mobile user by determining its appropriate radio profile in order to support location based services. The location-sensitive charging services are offering special tariffs inside a predefined geographical area, the Localized Service Area (LSA) or they can offer short-message advertising, etc. In this paper we are describing a network-based solution for deriving the appropriate list of cells (LoC) that defines the radio profile. The input data base for this method consists in the geographical coordinates of the base-station sites. Then Voronoi polygons are computed based on sites location (latitude and longitude) as centroids. The Voronoi polygons are then divided into sectors based on the antenna azimuths. Finally the LoCs of the subscriber given a specific location is derived and the appropriate LSA view is generated. Key-Words:- Zone profile generation, location based services, mobile communication services 1
Flow and conductivity properties of comb-shaped self-organized supramolecules (2001)

Structures, which are significantly smaller than e.g. in the present day microelectronics, are pursued in nanotechnology. Structures near molecular level can be constructed for example by imitating biological systems where self-organization and molecular recognition are used to form supramolecules.\n\nIn this work hierarchically self-organized supramolecular nanostructured materials are constructed with peculiar conductivity behavior. The structures are, as such, not macroscopically aligned and therefore the conductivity is isotropic throughout the macroscopic sample.\n\nTwo types of supramolecular materials are studied under an oscillatory shear flow in order to find routes towards macroscopically oriented hierarchical structures. The first type consists of 20 - 50 Å lamellar structure due to self-organization of comb-shaped supramolecules. The second structure is a hierarchically self-organized, i.e. lamellar-within-lamellar structure, where there are structures at two length scales, i.e. at 20 - 50 Å and 200 - 1000 Å. Shear flow conditions allowing optimal macroscopic order were identified. Finally, macroscopically aligned protonically conducting material is presented, which shows globally tridirectional conductivity with anisotropic hopping conductivity.\n\nAsymmetric structures i.e. lamellae-within-cylinders are also briefly studied and a method is found to achieve mesoporous materials with polymer brushes at the walls of emptied cylinders. The brushes can be used to tailor the functionalities of the pores.\n\nThe results of this work show that materials, which are relatively simple to produce, allow tailored macroscopic properties due to their aligned self-organized nanoscale structures.
Preparation of N-(d-Ribityl)-3,4-dimethylaniline (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of N-(d-Ribityl)-3,4-dimethylanilineM. Tishler, N. L. Wendler, K. Ladenburg, and J. W. WellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 8, 1328–1330Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01236a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01236a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leak Localization in Water Networks: A Model-Based Methodology Using Pressure Sensors Applied to a Real Network in Barcelona [Applications of Control] (2014)

The efficient distribution of water is a subject of major concern for water utilities and authorities [1]. While some leaks in water distribution networks (WDNs) are unavoidable, one of the main challenges in improving the efficiency of drinking water networks is to minimize leaks. Leaks can cause significant economic losses in fluid transportation and extra costs for the final consumer due to the waste of energy and chemicals in water treatment plants. Leaks may also damage infrastructure and cause third-party damage and health risks. In many WDNs, losses due to leakage are estimated to account up to 30% of the total amount of extracted water [2]; a very important issue in a world struggling to satisfy water demands of a growing population.
Relationship between phase variation in colony morphology, intrastrain variation in cell wall physiology, and nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae (1996)

Streptococcus pneumoniae undergoes phase variation in colony morphology, which has been implicated as a factor in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. Phenotypic differences between opaque and transparent colony forms correlate with differences in rates of autolysis. This study examined whether differences in autolysis are caused by differences in expression of the major amidase, LytA, or the structure of its peptidoglycan substrate. No significant difference was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of stem peptides released after treatment of purified peptidoglycan with amidase. Differences in the rate of digestion of purified cell walls, furthermore, did not correlate with susceptibility to autolysis. Lower levels of autolysis in opaque variants, however, was associated with decreased levels of immunodetectable LytA on colony immunoblots and Western blots (immunoblots). Diminished cell-surface-associated LytA in opaque variants was also demonstrated by whole-cell inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Since transparent variants have been shown both to colonize the nasopharynx more efficiently in an animal model and to express more surface-exposed LytA, it was determined whether LytA contributes to colonization in a neonatal rat model of pneumococcal carriage. Defined mutants in the lytA gene were used to show that there was no significant contribution by LytA to nasopharyngeal colonization in this model. Although the expression of LytA was shown to undergo phase variation in association with colony morphology, lytA mutants are still capable of phenotypic variation in colony morphology, which suggests that other factors are responsible for intrastrain differences which affect colonization.
Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering for Urologic Dysfunction: Status and Prospects (2001)

This article reviews the recent advances in gene therapy and tissue engineering for urologic dysfunction. Although the number of gene therapy-based clinical trials has increased dramatically in the field of urologic oncology, such trials are still few within the neurourologic field. Recently, new biologic approaches employing growth factors have been utilized to treat various pathological conditions. Among them, transfer of genes such as those encoding growth factors represents a promising way to deliver therapeutic proteins to malfunctioning tissues, which leads to the improvement of organ function. Tissue engineering, which may eventually be combined with gene therapy, also offers the potential to create new functional genitourinary tissue for regeneration and replacement of tissue lost as a consequence of disease. Thus, both tissue engineering and gene therapy may hold promising new solutions in the urologic field.
Structural Segmentation of Irish Traditional Music using Chroma at Set Accented Tone Locations (2009)

An approach is presented which provides a structural segmentation of Irish Traditional Music. Chroma information is extracted at certain locations within the music. The resulting chroma vectors are compared to determine similar structural segments. Chroma is only calculated at "set accented tone" locatins within the music. "Set accented tones" are considered to be impervious to melodic variation and are entirely representative of an Irish Traditional tune. Results show that comparing "set accented tones" represented by chroma significantly increases the structural segmentation accuracy that when "set accented tones" are represented by pitch values.
The Synthetic CD4 Exocyclic CDR3.AME(82-89) Inhibits NF-kappaB Nuclear Translocation, HIV-1 Promoter Activation, and Viral Gene Expression (1999)

We have previously shown that the synthetic aromatically modified exocyclic (AME) analog (CDR3.AME(82-89), derived from the CDR3 (residues 82-89) region of CD4 domain 1, inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected cells. In this work, we investigated the mechanism by which this inhibition is achieved. Although cells exposed to HIV-1 and treated with the CDR3.AME(82-89) peptide did not release viral particles for more than a week and kept surface expression of CD4, viral DNA was found in those cells 24 h after virus exposure, indicating that the CDR3.AME(82-89) analog does not prevent virus entry. However, virus transcription remained extremely low in infected cells, as demonstrated by the study of spliced HIV-1 mRNA in cultures treated with CDR3.AME(82-89) 72 h postinfection. Finally, the CDR3.AME(82-89) peptide was found to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 promoter activity and nuclear factor-kappaB translocation, indicating that the antiviral property of this peptide is, at least in part, linked with the ability of the molecule to prevent HIV-1 transcription.
Regulation of Saponin Production in Callus Cultures of<i>Panax ginseng</i>[1] (1983)

It was shown that Panax ginseng callus produces the same kinds of saponins in considerable amounts as in intact plants, and the saponin content is significantly lower in habituated callus than in normal callus. Furthermore, it was found that semicarbazide and particularly thiosemicarbazide inhibit the production of phytosterols and promote the biosynthesis of saponins in the presence of mevalonic acid, also the biosyntheses of saponins and phytosterols are inhibited by the individual end products.
Depth Estimation from Monocular Images Based on DRF-MAP Model (2009)

Depth Estimation is an active research area in computer vision.We viewed this problem as an issue of Pattern Recognition.The depth of monocular images is the pattern to be classified.Based on DRF-MAP Model,we combined absolute features and relative features of the monocular images in multi-scale,modeled the relationship between depths and features and those relations among depths at different patches in the image.Our algorithm is able to receive depth-maps for certain kinds of monocular images,which demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness of the model.
On the energy efficiency of base station sleeping with multicell cooperative transmission (2011)

Switching underutilized base stations (BSs) to sleep mode is recognized as a promising approach to reduce energy consumption of cellular networks, but it may increase the transmit power of remaining active BSs to guarantee service coverage. Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) can effectively reduce transmit power of BSs through BS cooperation but requiring extra power consumption due to extra signal processing and backhaul traffic. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of BS sleeping combined with CoMP. A joint power and subcarrier allocation algorithm is proposed to minimize the overall network power consumption with minimum data rate constraints, which can be implemented distributedly across multiple clusters. Simulation results show that BS sleeping combined with CoMP can improve network energy efficiency for high data rate users compared with Non-CoMP systems without BS sleeping.
An Accurate Interconnect Test Structure for Parasitic Validation in On-Chip Machine Learning Accelerators (2017)

For nanotechnology nodes, the feature size is shrunk rapidly, the wire becomes narrow and thin, it leads to high RC parasitic, especially for resistance. The overall system performance are dominated by interconnect rather than device. As such, it is imperative to accurately measure and model interconnect parasitic in order to predict interconnect performance on silicon. Despite many test structures developed in the past to characterize device models and layout effects, only few of them are available for interconnects. Nevertheless, they are either not suitable for real chip implementation or too complicated to be embedded. A compact yet comprehensive test structure to capture all interconnect parasitic in a real chip is needed. To address this problem, this paper describes a set of test structures that can be used to study the timing performance (i.e. propagation delay and crosstalk) of various interconnect configurations. Moreover, an empirical model is developed to estimate the actual RC parasitic. Compared with the state-of-the-art interconnect test structures, the new structure is compact in size and can be easily embedded on die as a parasitic variation monitor. We have validated the proposed structure on a test chip in TSMC 28nm HPM process. Recently, the test structure is further modified to identify the serious interconnect process issues for critical path design using TSMC 7nm FF process.
Studies on Noble Gas Scintillators (1967)

The results from a study of the use of noble gases without wavelength shifters as scintillation detectors for nuclear particles are presented. The spectra and the time dependence of the fluorescence induced by 𝑎-particles in helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon, have been investigated by single photoelectron techniques and are reported. A study of the scintillation efficiency as a function of gas pressure and of dimensions of the scintillation chamber, shows the great importance of geometrical factors in light collection. In all cases, experimental results on pulse heights and decay times would be reproduced within ± 5 % and the operation of these gas scin tillators as particle detectors was found to be satisfactory.
Ceanothane- and Lupane-Type Triterpenes with Antiplasmodial and Antimycobacterial Activities from Ziziphus cambodiana (2006)

One new and eight known ceanothane- and lupane-type triterpenes were isolated from the root bark of Ziziphus cambodiana PIERRE (Rhamnaceae). Based on spectral analyses, the structure of the new compound was elucidated as 3-O-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)ceanothic acid (3-O-vanillylceanothic acid) (1), while the known compounds were identified as lupeol (2), betulinaldehyde (3), betulinic acid (4), 2-O-E-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (5), alphitolic acid (6), zizyberanalic acid (7), zizyberenalic acid (8) and ceanothic acid (9). Compounds 1, 5 and 8 exhibited significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.7, 0.9 and 3.0 microg/ml, respectively. Compounds 1 and 3-8 showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with respective MIC values of 25, 25, 25, 12.5, 50, 50 and 100 microg/ml.
Goodpasture Antigen-binding Protein and Its Spliced Variant, Ceramide Transfer Protein, Have Different Functions in the Modulation of Apoptosis during Zebrafish Development (2008)

Human Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP) is an atypical protein kinase that phosphorylates the Goodpasture auto-antigen, the alpha3 chain of collagen IV. The COL4A3BP gene is alternatively spliced producing two protein isoforms: GPBP and GPBPDelta26. The latter lacks a serine-rich domain composed of 26 amino acid residues. Both isoforms also function as ceramide transfer proteins (CERT). Here, we explored the function of Gpbp and GpbpDelta26/CERT during embryogenesis in zebrafish. We cloned both splice variants of the zebrafish gene and found that they are differentially expressed during development. We used antisense oligonucleotide-mediated loss-of-function and synthetic mRNA-based gain-of-function approaches. Our results show that the loss-of-function phenotype is linked to cell death, evident primarily in the muscle of the somites, extensive loss of myelinated tracks, and brain edema. These results indicate that disruption of the nonvesicular ceramide transport is detrimental to normal embryonic development of somites and brain because of increased apoptosis. Moreover, this phenotype is mediated by Gpbp but not GpbpDelta26/CERT, suggesting that Gpbp is an important factor for normal skeletal muscle and brain development.
[Neuraminidase inhibitor, anti-influenzal agent--mechanism of action, and how to use clinically]. (2003)

Neuraminidase inhibitor has changed the treatment of influenza dramatically. The drug is effective for both influenza A and B whereas amantadine, another anti-influenzal agent, inhibits influenza A virus infection but not B. Neuraminidase inhibitor blocks the process of release of influenza virus from infected cells and inhibit the virus transmission to the neighboring cells. Neuraminidase inhibitor improves the symptoms of influenza and shortens the duration of illness. It is emphasized that this drug should be given within forty-eight hours after the onset, and it must be not noted that the possibility of the drug resistant virus although it is observed infrequently. Prophylactic use of the drug is also discussed.
Side‐chain specificities of human and bovine cytochromes <i>P</i>‐450<sub>scc</sub> (1993)

Cytochrome P-450scc catalyses the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the sequential hydroxylation of the side chain of cholesterol. This occurs at a single active site and produces 22R-hydroxycholesterol and 22R-20 alpha-dihydroxycholesterol as intermediates. To further define the active site of human and bovine cytochromes P-450scc, we have examined the kinetics of the conversion of structural analogues of cholesterol with modified side chains, to pregnenolone. Analysis of the side-chain cleavage of analogues of cholesterol modified at C22 confirmed the high degree of structural specificity for the 22R position by cytochrome P-450scc, the major effect being on the turnover number (kcat) rather than on binding. The analogues of cholesterol that had a polar group at C24, C25 or C26 had much lower Km values and generally lower kcat values than the non-polar analogues which were tested. Km values of the polar analogues were 3-25-times lower than the Km for cholesterol and kcat values were also much lower than the kcat values for cholesterol, particularly for the human enzyme. The data suggest that the tight binding of the analogues with a hydroxyl or ketone group at C24, C25 or C26 places C20 and C22 in a poor orientation relative to the heme group for hydroxylation to occur. Many of the polar analogues which were tested are postulated regulators of cellular cholesterol metabolism. Several of these analogues are good substrates for bovine and human cytochromes P-450scc at low substrate concentration, as determined from their kcat/Km values. This study also indicates that the active site of cytochrome P-450scc is well conserved between bovine and human cytochromes. However, small species differences are evident since lower kcat values relative to the kcat of cholesterol are observed for some polar side-chain analogues of cholesterol with the human enzyme.
Effects of early postoperative enteral nutrition versus usual care on serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, time to first flatus and postoperative hospital stay for patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)

EEN can improve nutritional status and promote intestinal function recovery for patients undergoing CRC surgery.
Continuous, Highly Flexible, and Transparent Graphene Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition for Organic Photovoltaics (2010)

We report the implementation of continuous, highly flexible, and transparent graphene films obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) in organic photovoltaic cells. Graphene films were synthesized by CVD, transferred to transparent substrates, and evaluated in organic solar cell heterojunctions (TCE/poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/copper phthalocyanine/fullerene/bathocuproine/aluminum). Key to our success is the continuous nature of the CVD graphene films, which led to minimal surface roughness ( approximately 0.9 nm) and offered sheet resistance down to 230 Omega/sq (at 72% transparency), much lower than stacked graphene flakes at similar transparency. In addition, solar cells with CVD graphene and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were fabricated side-by-side on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates and were confirmed to offer comparable performance, with power conversion efficiencies (eta) of 1.18 and 1.27%, respectively. Furthermore, CVD graphene solar cells demonstrated outstanding capability to operate under bending conditions up to 138 degrees , whereas the ITO-based devices displayed cracks and irreversible failure under bending of 60 degrees . Our work indicates the great potential of CVD graphene films for flexible photovoltaic applications.