gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dominator-tree analysis for distributed authorization (2008)

Practical analysis tools for distributed authorization need to answer quickly and accurately the question: who can access this resource? DAP (Delegation with Acyclic Paths) is a distributed authorization framework (introduced in [17]) that tries to inter-operate better with standard PKI mechanisms while retaining some of the benefits of new trust management schemes. DAP has an acyclicity requirement which makes it more difficult to answer the question quickly. In this paper we use a technique borrowed from compiler optimization, dominator-tree problem decomposition, to overcome this limitation of DAP with a fast heuristic. We show through simulation the heuristic's performance in a realistic federated resource management scenario.
Assessing whether the plane of section on CT affects accuracy in demonstrating facial fractures in 3-D reconstruction when using a dried skull. (1991)

CT slice thickness and threshold value are well-known determinants of accuracy in three-dimensional (3-D) CT image reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the plane selected for primary CT data acquisition, axial vs coronal, might also contribute to the accuracy and ease of identification of abnormalities in 3-D image reconstruction independent of the 3-D processing system used. Two sets of 10 observers evaluated fractures created in a dried skull and corresponding 3-D image data. A General Electric 9800 scanner was used to acquire the two-dimensional CT data. The 3D98 Quick software and ISG Camra Allegra workstation were used for two sets of 3-D reconstructions. The expected result was that fractures oriented perpendicularly to the initial plane of CT section would be better reconstructed on 3-D than when the initial plane of CT imaging paralleled the fracture. Our results indicate that Le Fort fractures (types I and III) are better displayed with coronal CT data and that zygomatic tripod fractures may be better displayed in 3-D with axial CT image data.
Characterization of the tryptic map of recombinant DNA derived tissue plasminogen activator by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1991)

A detailed tryptic map is presented for recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is utilized as an on-line HPLC detector for tryptic mapping of this glycoprotein. The additional dimension provided by mass spectrometry gives considerably more detail about the complex tryptic map and significantly enhances the high-resolution chromatographic separation by distinguishing by mass any coeluting components. Through this improvement, the proline isomers of a tryptic peptide were observed eluting over a broad range of retention times. The glycopeptides of rt-PA are observed as well as any corresponding nonglycosylated peptides. In addition, the carbohydrate heterogeneity is readily observed, allowing analysis of the carbohydrate composition. The characteristic diagonal patterns formed by glycopeptides in a contour plot of the data allow rapid recognition of the glycopeptides.
Multiple Recording During Electrically Induced Atrial Fibrillation (1964)

1. Atrial fibrillation was induced in dogs by single electrical shocks. Close bipolar direct electrograms were taken from various parts of the atrium; as many as 22 electrograms and a standard lead II electrocardiogram were recorded simultaneously. Initial phase and recovery phase of fibrillation were analyzed. 2. In the initial phase of atrial fibrillation, local firing consisting of rapid tachysystole of 996 to 3000 per minute was observed near the stimulating point in most experiments. Except for the leads showing local firing, the interval between beats at each recording point tended to be constant, and a time gap between two successive beats was observed. A propagation pattern could be plotted which seemed to start from the origin of local firing; some beats were conducted only locally, and others (every second, third or fourth discharge) were conducted widely. The cause of atrial fibrillation was considered to be local firing of one small area of the atrium, i.e., the unifocal theory of the origin of atrial fibrillation was supported. 3. During recovery from atrial fibrillation, features similar to those seen in the initial phase often appeared, although local firing disappeared. In some experiments, the atrium was separated electrically into a few groups of cells beating independently, and in others a "circus pathway" appeared to exist in the last beat. It seems that electrical separation of the atrium into many parts and circus movements, or multiple re-entry, may develop during the course of fibrillation, and that these phenomena perpetuate atrial fibrillation. 4. During the last beat of atrial fibrillation, the time required for all cells to depolarize was occasionally less than the duration of the normal sinus beat. A similar phenomenon was sometimes observed in the premature beats following atrial fibrillation.
Critical Review of Complementary Therapies for Prostate Cancer (2003)

Despite its prominence as the most frequently diagnosed solid tumor among men in the United States, relatively little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer. Furthermore, research into treatment strategies for prostate cancer continues to lag behind research for the other most common cancers. At the same time, however, the popularity of complementary therapies among prostate cancer patients continues to grow. In this article, we provide a critical review of the most recent evidence for dietary modifications, food supplements, and herbs in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Despite encouraging data for some of these interventions, even the strongest proponents of complementary therapy agree that only randomized controlled trials can provide sufficient evidence on which to create universal guidelines. However, such trials are highly complex and expensive, and they require lengthy follow-up. Until such trials are completed, an opportunity exists for health care professionals to improve their knowledge and understanding of the current evidence for or against complementary therapy in prostate cancer.
Giant ambipolar diffusion constant of n-i-p-i doping superlattices (1991)

The analytical expression for the ambipolar in-plane diffusion constant of excess carriers in n-i-p-i doping superlattices is derived. Shockley-Haynes--type experiments quantitatively confirm the predicted huge enhancement of the diffusion constant (in the tested case by factors of about 300) and the long diffusion lengths.
LIPID-PHOSPHOACETYLMURAMYL-PENTAPEPTIDE AND LIPID-PHOSPHODISACCHARIDE-PENTAPEPTIDE: PRESUMED MEMBRANE TRANSPORT INTERMEDIATES IN CELL WALL SYNTHESIS (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Activity recognition using the velocity histories of tracked keypoints (2009)

We present an activity recognition feature inspired by human psychophysical performance. This feature is based on the velocity history of tracked keypoints. We present a generative mixture model for video sequences using this feature, and show that it performs comparably to local spatio-temporal features on the KTH activity recognition dataset. In addition, we contribute a new activity recognition dataset, focusing on activities of daily living, with high resolution video sequences of complex actions. We demonstrate the superiority of our velocity history feature on high resolution video sequences of complicated activities. Further, we show how the velocity history feature can be extended, both with a more sophisticated latent velocity model, and by combining the velocity history feature with other useful information, like appearance, position, and high level semantic information. Our approach performs comparably to established and state of the art methods on the KTH dataset, and significantly outperforms all other methods on our challenging new dataset.
Cache Miss Characterization and Data Locality Optimization for Imperfectly Nested Loops on Shared Memory Multiprocessors (2005)

This paper develops an algorithm to accurately characterize the number of cache misses for a class of compute-intensive calculations encountered in accurate quantum chemistry models of electronic structure. The proposed approach can handle imperfectly nested loop structures, symbolic loop bounds, and non-constant dependences for a constrained class of array references. It is proposed in the context of tensor contraction computations, and extends previous work on "stack distances" by Almasi et al. (2002) and Cascaval et al. (2003). We illustrate the application of the approach for determination of effective tile sizes and parallelization on shared-memory parallel systems.
Dilemmas in diagnosis and management of cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (1993)

We recently managed an infant with meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in whom ceftriaxone failed to sterilize the cerebrospinal fluid after 6 days of therapy. This strain, which had a penicillin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 micrograms/ml, appeared susceptible to ceftriaxone (MIC < 0.5 micrograms/ml) when evaluated by a commercial MIC panel (Microtech Medical Systems, Inc., Aurora, CO) but was found to have a ceftriaxone MIC of 4 micrograms/ml when evaluated by conventional microtiter broth dilution technique. Furthermore ceftriaxone therapy of meningitis induced with this strain in a rabbit model was ineffective. Thirteen of 112 pneumococcal strains (11.6%) isolated recently at Children's Medical Center of Dallas were penicillin-resistant, and 3 of these were highly penicillin-resistant (MIC > or = 2 micrograms/ml). The incidence of pneumococcal strains with cefotaxime MICs > or = 1.0 micrograms/ml has increased from 0 of 258 from 1981 to 1983 to 5 of 112 (4.5%) from 1991 to 1992. The definition of cephalosporin resistance for pneumococci requires modification and further studies of the antibiotic management of meningitis caused by such strains are needed because resistance to cephalosporins is increasing and the extended spectrum cephalosporins may be ineffective as sole therapy.
Preferred provider organizations: options for Medicare. (1989)

Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) offer purchasers of care several benefits, including expenditure reduction, utilization control, improved quality of care, and efficient management. Although Medicare could benefit from these outcomes, the program lags behind the private sector in PPO development. The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) must address several policy issues and constraints as it develops PPOs for Medicare beneficiaries. The agency must identify services and providers to include in the PPO, develop program sponsorship and administration methods, create viable provider and beneficiary incentives to participate, identify sources of PPO cost savings, and examine the role of medigap insurance policies in PPO development. In this article we discuss three possible PPO models for Medicare: a service or population specific PPO, an integrated PPO/medigap policy, and a Medicare Part A/B PPO. We conclude by identifying several issues that require further research before these PPO models can be tested.
Curve-Skeleton Applications (2006)

Curve-skeletons are a 1D subset of the medial surface of a 3D object and are useful for many visualization tasks including virtual navigation, reduced-model formulation, visualization improvement, mesh repair, animation, etc. There are many algorithms in the literature describing extraction methodologies for different applications; however, it is unclear how general and robust they are. In this paper, we provide an overview of many curve-skeleton applications and compile a set of desired properties of such representations. We also give a taxonomy of methods and analyze the advantages and drawbacks of each class of algorithms.
Effect of interferon alfa on the dynamics of hepatitis C virus turnover in vivo (1996)

In about 30% to 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis C, treatment with recombinant interferon alfa (r-IFN alpha) causes a decrease of serum aminotransferases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. The antiviral mechanism of interferon alfa (IFN alpha) in vivo is unknown. From serial measurements of serum HCV-RNA concentrations following IFN alpha induced perturbation of the balance between virus production and clearance, we obtained kinetic information on the pretreatment steady-state of HCV. In patients with chronic hepatitis C responding to IFN alpha, HCV-RNA declined exponentially with a half life of approximately 2 days. Modeling of the data predicts that in patients with chronic hepatitis C responding to IFN alpha this cytokine predominantly acts as an inhibitor of de novo infection of susceptible cells. HCV is released from infected cells with a mean half life of 2.7 +/- 1.3 days, whereas the clearance rate from serum is faster (mean half life, 0.7 +/- 0.4 days). The minimum virus production and clearance per day in patients with chronic hepatitis C was calculated to be 6.7 x 10(10) virions/d (range, 0.2 to 43.8 x 10(10) virions/d). These values showed no correlation with the HCV genotype, aminotransferase levels, or the histological activity as assessed before the administration of r-IFN alpha. Simultaneous kinetic analysis of serum aminotransferases as surrogate markers of hepatocyte integrity revealed half lifes for the release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from hepatocytes of 4.7 +/- 3.8 and 3.0 +/- 3.5 days, respectively. The half life data for HCV in chronically infected patients are remarkably similar to recently published data on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggesting that both RNA viruses replicate continuously and highly productive in vivo. The turnover rates explain the rapid generation of viral diversity and the opportunity for viral escape phenomena from the host immune surveillance.
HARRISON: A Benchmark on HAshtag Recommendation for Real-world Images in Social Networks (2016)

Simple, short, and compact hashtags cover a wide range of information on social networks. Although many works in the field of natural language processing (NLP) have demonstrated the importance of hashtag recommendation, hashtag recommendation for images has barely been studied. In this paper, we introduce the HARRISON dataset, a benchmark on hashtag recommendation for real world images in social networks. The HARRISON dataset is a realistic dataset, composed of 57,383 photos from Instagram and an average of 4.5 associated hashtags for each photo. To evaluate our dataset, we design a baseline framework consisting of visual feature extractor based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and multi-label classifier based on neural network. Based on this framework, two single feature-based models, object-based and scene-based model, and an integrated model of them are evaluated on the HARRISON dataset. Our dataset shows that hashtag recommendation task requires a wide and contextual understanding of the situation conveyed in the image. As far as we know, this work is the first vision-only attempt at hashtag recommendation for real world images in social networks. We expect this benchmark to accelerate the advancement of hashtag recommendation.
Photonic generation of continuous THz wave using uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (2005)

A uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is monolithically integrated with a wideband log-periodic toothed antenna for generating millimeter and submillimeter waves at frequencies of up to terahertz range. A module with a quasi-optical output port fabricated for practical use operates up to 1.5 THz and generates an output power of 2.3 /spl mu/W at 1.04 THz with good linearity. The output power level and the operation frequency are records for wideband PD modules operating at 1.55 /spl mu/m. An investigation of the operational characteristics of the UTC-PD reveals that the effective use of the electron-velocity overshoot in the junction depletion layer is important for maximizing the output power in the terahertz range.
A Nano-Scale Crossbar with Spin Waves (2006)

In this paper, we present a nano-scale crossbar that is constructed with ferromagnetic spin waves. Unlike the traditional spin-based nano structures, which transmit charge, here waves are transmitted. As a result of this, the power consumption of the proposed module may be low. The crossbar architecture described here, while requiring the same number of switches as standard crossbars, is capable of simultaneously transmitting multiple waves on each of the spin-wave paths using different frequencies. As compared to the known molecular crossbars, this design is fault tolerant because alternate paths can be reconfigured in case of a failure on any of the switches.
Identification of U iii and U iv lines (1980)

Spectroscopic studies have been performed at TRW in a uranium-argon plasma using a fiber optics probe. On the basis of relative intensity as a function of distance from a uranium source, the lines were divided into four groups and assigned as U i, U ii, U iii, and U iv. The various charge species have different spatial dependences due to their formation, ionization, and transport rates. Confirmation of these assignments came from two separate experiments. The first was a spatial scan with a mass spectrometer probe in the same machine. The second was a time-resolved experiment on a sliding spark at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory which showed that the lines assigned as U iii correlated with a lower charge species than the lines assigned as U iv.
Is Fe3+/2+ cycling an intermediate in sulphur oxidation by Fe2+-grown Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1987)

Cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans obtained by growth on the oxidation of Fe2+ at acid pH are able to also oxidise elemental sulphur. Either with O2 or under anaerobic conditions, Fe3+ can act as a terminal oxidant for S0 oxidation, and observations on these reactions have led to a recent proposal that Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling may be an intermediate in electron transfer from S0 to O2. In this paper we present evidence contrary to this mechanism and also report findings that implicate site 2 energy conservation during S0 oxidation by these cells.
Camera-Based Edge Analytics for Drilling Optimization (2020)

Hydrocarbon exploration and production involve drilling through rock formations to reach and access target hydrocarbon reservoirs deep below the ground in the safest and most efficient manner. However, drilling operations represent a challenging environment due to downhole natural uncertainties, machinery, and human factors. This study describes the development and field implementation of an intelligent monitoring and performance optimization system of drilling rig components and their associated processes. The deployed system combines smart cameras, artificial intelligence algorithms, and edge computing to pave the way for drilling automation, digitalization, and standardization. Moreover, the system is minimally invasive/non-invasive to current established drilling operations, critical for enabling a seamless integration without incurring additional operation costs.
Novel catalyst support materials for PEMfuelcells: current status and future prospects (2008)

Catalyst support materials exhibit great influence on the cost, performance, and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This feature article summarizes several important kinds of novel support materials for PEM fuel cells (including direct methanol fuel cells): nanostructured carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, mesoporous carbon), conductive doped diamonds and nanodiamonds, conductive oxides (tin oxide/indium tin oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide), and carbides (tungsten carbides). The advantages and disadvantages, the acting mechanism to promote electrocatalytic performance, and the strategies to improve present catalyst support materials and search for new ones are discussed. This is expected to shed light on future development of catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells.
Towards Mapping of Cities (2007)

Map learning is a fundamental task in mobile robotics because maps are required for a series of high level applications. In this paper, we address the problem of building maps of large-scale areas like villages or small cities. We present our modified car-like robot which we use to acquire the data about the environment. We introduce our localization system which is based on an information filter and is able to merge the information obtained by different sensors. We furthermore describe out mapping technique that is able to compactly model three-dimensional scenes and allows us efficient and accurate incremental map learning. We additionally apply a global optimization techniques in order to accurately close loops in the environment. Our approach has been implemented and deeply tested on a real car equipped with a series of sensors. Experiments described in this paper illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented techniques.
The homeodomain: A new face for the helix‐turn‐helix? (1992)

The discovery of conserved protein domains found in many Drosophila and mammalian developmental gene products suggests that fundamental developmental processes are conserved throughout evolution. Our understanding of development has been enhanced by the discovery of the widespread role of the homeodomain (HD). The action of HD-containing proteins as transcriptional regulators is mediated through a helix-turn-helix motif which confers sequence specific DNA binding. Unexpectedly, the well conserved structural homology between the HD and the prokaryotic helix-turn-helix proteins contrasts with their divergent types of physical interaction with DNA. A C-terminal extension of the HD recognition helix has assumed the role that the N-terminus of the prokaryotic helix plays for specification of DNA binding preference. However, the HD appears also capable of recognizing DNA in an alternative way and its specificity in vivo may be modified by regions outside the helix-turn-helix motif. We propose that this intrinsic complexity of the HD, as well as its frequent association with other DNA binding domains, explains the functional specificity achieved by genes encoding highly related HDs.
Wind power meteorology. Part II: siting and models (1998)

The data used in wind power meteorology stem mainly from three sources: on-site wind measurements, the synoptic networks and the reanalysis projects. Wind climate analysis, wind resource estimation and siting further require a detailed description of the topography of the terrain—with respect to the roughness of the surface, near-by obstacles and orographical features. Finally, the meteorological models used for estimation and prediction of the wind are described; their classification, inputs, limitations and requirements. A comprehensive modelling concept, meso/microscale modelling, is introduced and a procedure for short-term prediction of the wind resource is described. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using ventilation-induced plethysmographic variations to optimize patient fluid status (2008)

Automatic detection of respiratory variations in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude can predict fluid responsiveness in the operating room in patients under mechanical ventilation and has potential for fluid optimization in this setting.