gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of oxygen on electroluminescent characteristics of ZnS:TbOF and ZnS:TmOF devices (1992)

ZnS:TbOF and ZnS:TmOF active layers for thin-film electroluminescent devices were deposited in oxygen atmosphere by an electron-beam evaporation method and the effects of oxygen in active layers on electroluminescent (EL) characteristics were studied. With increasing oxygen deposition pressures, the luminance and the luminescent decay time increased and the threshold voltage shifted to lower values in ZnS:TbOF devices, while they showed no notable variations in ZnS:TmOF devices. X-ray-diffraction studies for ZnS thin-films showed that by the deposition in oxygen atmosphere the film orientation of (111) plane, the film uniformity, and the grain size are improved. By an analysis based on the Auger electron spectroscopy spectra for ZnS thin films and EL emission spectra, it was confirmed that a small amount of oxygen is incorporated into films and suppresses the recombination related to zinc and sulfur vacancies. It was found that contrary to ZnS:TmOF devices, ZnS:TbOF devices show a change in the peak intensity of EL spectra by oxygen doping. From the experimental results, it is suggested that in ZnS:TbOF devices oxygen doping could give rise to the increase of the luminance due to a suppression of the nonradiative energy transfer via grain boundaries and/or vacancies, whereas in ZnS:TmOF devices it plays no role in such a mechanism. The effect of oxygen doping on interfaces is also discussed.
All-glass fiber amplifier pumped by ultrahigh brightness pump (2016)

We investigate high brightness pumping of multi-kW fiber amplifier in a bi-directional pumping configuration. Each pump outputs 2 kW in a 200 μm, 0.2 NA multi-mode fiber. Specialty gain fibers, with 17 μm MFD and 5-dB/meter pump absorption, have been developed. The maximum fiber amplifier output power is 2550 W, limited by multi-mode instability, with 90% O-O efficiency and M<sup>2</sup> < 1.15. The fiber amplifier linewidth is <12 GHz. We also present kW fiber amplifier results using gain fiber with metalized fiber coating.
Replication protein A mutants lacking phosphorylation sites for p34cdc2 kinase support DNA replication. (1994)

Replication Protein A (RPA) is a multisubunit, single-stranded DNA-binding protein essential for DNA metabolism in eukaryotic cells. The 32-kDa subunit of RPA is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner becoming phosphorylated during S phase. It has been postulated that this phosphorylation may regulate the activities of RPA and that the family of p34cdc2 kinases directly catalyzes the phosphorylation of RPA in the cell. We have mutated the two consensus p34cdc2 sites in the 32-kDa subunit of RPA individually and in combination and purified the mutant protein complexes. Mutant RPA with both consensus p34cdc2 sites converted to alanine was not phosphorylated by purified p34cdc2 kinase. Nevertheless, we found that the properties of these RPA mutants were identical to those of the wild-type protein. The mutated RPA proteins had normal single-stranded DNA binding activity and were completely functional for DNA replication. In addition, the mutants became hyperphosphorylated when incubated under DNA replication conditions. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation by p34cdc2 kinase is not essential for RPA function in DNA replication in vitro. Possible roles of RPA phosphorylation on DNA metabolism are discussed.
New System for Cultivation of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1974)

A modified Thayer-Martin medium, containing 2.0% agar, 0.25% dextrose, and 5.0 mug of trimethoprim per ml was compared to Thayer-Martin medium for growth of stock cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and for isolation of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. Stock cultures and male urethral cultures grew equally well on both media, but the modified Thayer-Martin medium detected 10% more female patients positive for gonococci. A description is given of the use of a citric acid-sodium bicarbonate tablet for generating carbon dioxide in a sealed plastic bag containing a culture plate. Equivalent results were obtained on duplicate plates of 336 cultures and specimens when this procedure was compared with the standard candle jar extinction method of incubation. The tablet and plastic bag system has the advantages of economy, ease of use, and safety.
On the mechanical behavior of WS <sub>2</sub> nanotubes under axial tension and compression (2006)

The mechanical properties of materials and particularly the strength are greatly affected by the presence of defects; therefore, the theoretical strength ( approximately 10% of the Young's modulus) is not generally achievable for macroscopic objects. On the contrary, nanotubes, which are almost defect-free, should achieve the theoretical strength that would be reflected in superior mechanical properties. In this study, both tensile tests and buckling experiments of individual WS(2) nanotubes were carried out in a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Tensile tests of MoS(2) nanotubes were simulated by means of a density-functional tight-binding-based molecular dynamics scheme as well. The combination of these studies provides a microscopic picture of the nature of the fracture process, giving insight to the strength and flexibility of the WS(2) nanotubes (tensile strength of approximately 16 GPa). Fracture analysis with recently proposed models indicates that the strength of such nanotubes is governed by a small number of defects. A fraction of the nanotubes attained the theoretical strength indicating absence of defects.
Inhibition effect of 1,1´-(pyridine-2,6-dihylbis(methylene))bis(5- methyl-1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl. Part A: Experimental study (2017)

The inhibitory effect of 1,1´-(pyridine-2,6-dihylbis(methylene))bis(5-methyl-1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid) (EM1) was estimated on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid using weight loss, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization curves.Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of inhibitor studied.The adsorption of inhibitor molecules on mild steel surface was found to be spontaneous and obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Values of inhibition efficiency calculated from weight loss, Tafel polarization curves, and EIS are in good agreement.Polarization curves showed that EM1 behaves as mixed type inhibitor in 1 M HCl medium.The results obtained showed that EM1 could serve as an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution.
Ligand Exchange during Unfolding of Cytochrome c (1999)

The productive folding pathway of cytochrome c passes through an obligatory HW intermediate in which the heme is coordinated by a solvent water molecule and a native ligand, His-18, prior to the formation of the folded HM state with both the native His-18 and Met-80 heme coordination. Two off pathway intermediates, a five-coordinated state (5C) and a bis-histidine state (HH), were also identified during the folding reaction. In the present work, the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the unfolding reaction of cytochrome c were investigated with resonance Raman scattering, tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The objective of these experiments was to determine if the protein opens up and diverges into the differing heme ligation states through a many pathway mechanism or if it passes through intermediate states analogous to those observed during the folding reaction. Equilibrium unfolding results indicate that, in contrast to 5C, the stability of HH with respect to HW decreases as the concentration of GdnHCl increases. The difference in their response to the denaturant indicates that the polypeptide structure of 5C is relatively loose as compared with HH in which the polypeptide is misfolded. Time-resolved resonance Raman measurements show that strikingly similar ligand exchange reactions occur during unfolding as were observed during folding. Combined with fluorescence data, a kinetic model is proposed in which local structural rearrangements controlled by heme ligand exchange reactions appear prior to the global relaxation of the polypeptide chain.
Silicon Crystal Growth by the Electromagnetic Czochralski (EMCZ) Method (1999)

A new method for growing silicon crystals by using electromagnetic force to rotate the melt without crucible rotation has been developed. We call it electromagnetic Czochralski (EMCZ) growth. An electromagnetic force in the azimuthal direction is generated in the melt by the interaction between an electric current ( I ) through the melt in the radial direction and a vertical magnetic field ( B ). The rotation rate (ω m ) of the silicon melt is continuously changed from 0 to over 105 rpm under I = 0 to 8 A and B = 0 to 0.1 T. Thirty-mm-diameter silicon single crystals free of dislocations could be grown under two conditions: I = 2.0 A and B = 0.05 T (ω m = 105 rpm); and I =0.2 A and B = 0.1 T (ω m = 15 rpm). The oxygen concentration in the crystals was 8 ×10 17 atoms/cm 3 for the high rotation rate and 1×10 17 atoms/cm 3 for the low rotation rate. The oxygen-concentration distributions in the radial direction in both crystals were more homogeneous than those in the crystals grown by conventional CZ and/or MCZ growth. This new crystal-growth method can be easily adopted for growing large-diameter silicon crystals.
Focus on the cities ‐ towards a new national agenda (1989)

This paper is a policy‐orientated intervention derived from the experience of research and policy work in the Urbanization Unit of the Urban Foundation. It reviews the legacy of urbanization in South Africa, the gravity of the urbanization process from the point of view of its impact on social change, and posits the need to develop a new urbanization strategy for South Africa. Three phases in the development of such a strategy are elaborated: firstly, establishing freedom of movement for all South Africans, secondly, developing policy on where contemporary patterns of black urbanization should take place; and thirdly, formulating principles as to ‘who decides’ on urbanization policy. The paper concludes by raising ten key issues that appear central to the emerging policy debate on a new national agenda for the cities.
Genetic regulation of egg and embryo survival (1998)

In both mice and humans, 15-50% of embryos die during the preimplantation period from mechanisms that are largely unknown. Two major criteria predict preimplantation embryo quality, the rate of development and the degree of fragmentation. We review evidence that both of these criteria have a genetic basis. Rate of development and subsequent embryo survival are controlled by a gene, Ped, we discovered in the mouse. Although progress is being made in the search for the human homologue of the mouse Ped gene, it has not yet been identified. Fragmentation, observed in both mouse and human embryos, is probably the result of apoptosis. We analysed transcription of two genes that regulate apoptosis, bcl-2 and bax, and found that both are transcribed in mouse and human preimplantation embryos. Overall, the literature reviewed and new data presented in this paper support the concept that there is a genetic basis for preimplantation egg and embryo survival.
Chronic infection due to <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> in mice: association with macrophage release of prostaglandin E2 and reversal by injection of indomethacin, muramyl dipeptide, or interferon-<i>gamma</i>. (1986)

As a model for the study of human atypical mycobacterial disease, we explored the basis for the prolonged mycobacteriosis in mice infected with Mycobacterium intracellulare. Two weeks after i.v. injection of mycobacteria, peritoneal macrophages were found to be activated, as indicated by their capacity to produce large amounts of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or viable M. intracellulare. However, 4 wk after infection, despite the continued presence of large numbers of mycobacteria in the spleen, macrophages from infected animals produced low amounts of O2-. Unfractionated spleen cells from mice infected 4 wk earlier produced increased amounts of interleukin 2 and interferon (IFN) when stimulated with the mitogen concanavalin A, but less of these lymphokines than unstimulated cells when exposed to antigens derived from M. intracellulare, suggesting production of an inhibitory factor. Spleen cells from infected mice were not stimulated to incorporate [3H]thymidine by exposure to mycobacterial antigens; but this unresponsiveness could be reversed by addition of indomethacin to the cultures. Additional investigation showed that macrophages from infected animals produced large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) when stimulated by mycobacterial antigens. In vitro, such concentrations of PGE2 inhibited uptake of [3H]thymidine by stimulated spleen lymphocytes from infected animals. Thus, it seemed likely that in infected animals, macrophage-derived PG suppressed production of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes, which in turn prevented activation of the macrophages to full microbicidal activity. To test this hypothesis, we administered either indomethacin, IFN-gamma, or muramyl dipeptide to infected mice. Mice treated with each of these agents showed decreased spleen and lung weights, and decreased numbers of viable mycobacteria in these organs. These results support the concept that interaction between the host and M. intracellulare is modulated profoundly by PG and suggest that administration of agents that directly promote macrophage activation can enhance resistance to infection by this organism.
Injection and trapping of carbon dioxide in deep saline aquifers (2004)

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) collected from the waste streams of point sources can be injected into deep geologic formations in order to limit the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Deep saline aquifers provide the largest potential subsurface storage capacity for injected CO 2 . Once injected, free CO 2 can be retained in deep aquifers for long time periods by slow-moving, downward-directed formation waters. Over time, the injected CO 2 will dissolve in the formation waters and, through reactions with formation minerals, may be converted to carbonate minerals, resulting in permanent sequestration. Factors that influence the mass of CO 2 that can be injected and stored in free or aqueous form, and as mineral phases, are reviewed and applied to estimate storage capacity of the Rose Run Sandstone, a saline aquifer beneath eastern Ohio, USA. It is estimated that 30 years of CO 2 emissions from five of Ohio’s largest coal-fired power plants can be injected into the Rose Run Sandstone and, over time, converted to aqueous and, ultimately, mineral phases.
ChemInform Abstract: A DIRECT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHENOLS FROM ARYL BROMIDES UTILIZING MOLYBDENUM PEROXIDE‐PYRIDINE‐HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE (1977)

Abstract Grignard‐Verbindungen (I) reagieren mit Molybdänperoxid und Pyridin in Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid zu Phenolen (II).
Java 2 by Example (2001)

From the Publisher:
Java 2 by Example, Second Edition gives novice programmers in-depth coverage of both object-oriented programming and Java fundamentals. It starts with an overview of Java, including a survey of development tools beginners should use. The book explains the basics of the Java language, including operators, expressions, statements and more; and Object-Oriented Programming with classes and objects, inheritance, and dynamic methods. The author includes a chapter applying the concepts of OOP to object-oriented analysis and design methods. Later chapters demonstrate organizing data in collections and utilizing Java's built-in mathematical functions. Along the way, readers learn from hundreds of examples explaining every concept. Plus, each chapter ends with a series of review questions to ensure that readers are caught up - with answers provided in an appendix.
Intraocular Graft Unfolding Techniques in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (2012)

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty may be further facilitated by using controlled techniques for unfolding the Descemet graft inside the recipient anterior chamber, either as stand-alone techniques or used in various combinations.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW 5‐SUBSTITUTED PHENOXYACETYL‐ AND α‐NAPHTHOXYACETYL‐2‐ARYLOXAZOLO(4,5‐B)PHENOXAZINES (1977)

Abstract Im Hinblick auf die bakteriostatischen und fungiziden Eigenschaften von Phenoxyessigsäuren und Oxazolophenoxazinen werden die Verbindungen (III) synthetisiert, die jedoch biologisch weniger aktiv als die Stammverbindungen sind.
Experimental purification of paclitaxel from a complex mixture of taxanes using a simulated moving bed (2009)

A laboratory-scale simulated moving bed (SMB) was designed and tested for the separation of paclitaxel, a powerful anti-cancer agent known as Taxol@, from impurities of a plant tissue culture (PTC) broth. The innovative strategy of a pseudo-binary model, where mixtures A and B were treated as single solutes A and B, was used in the linear standing wave analysis to fix the SMB operating parameters for a multicomponent and complex system. Linear standing wave design was used to specify the zone flow rates and the switching time for the laboratory-scale SMB unit, with two steps of separation. The SMB consists of four packed columns, where each column is 12.5 cm in length and 1.5 cm in diameter. Two sequential separation steps were used to recover paclitaxel from a small feed batch (less than one liter). Placlitaxel was recovered from the complex plant tissue culture broth in 82% yield and 72% purity.
DOCK8 deficiency (2011)

The discovery that loss-of-function mutations in the gene DOCK8 are responsible for most forms of autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome and some forms of combined immunodeficiency without elevated serum IgE has led to studies into the immunopathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we relate the clinical features of this disease to studies using patients' cells and a mouse model of Dock8 deficiency, which have revealed how DOCK8 regulates T and B cell numbers and functions. The results of these studies help to explain how the absence of DOCK8 contributes to patients' susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. However, unanswered questions remain regarding how the absence of DOCK8 also leads to high IgE and allergic disease, predisposition for malignancy, and unusual clinical features, such as CNS abnormalities and autoimmunity, observed in some patients.
Synthesis of New Cyclic Imides Derived From Safrole, Structure- and Ligand-based Approaches to Evaluate Potential New Multitarget Agents Against Species of Leishmania (2019)

After combined approach evaluation, we have synthesized and characterized seven cyclic imides by IR, 1H NMR, 13C-APT NMR, COSY, HETCOR and HMBC. The compounds tested against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis presented pIC50 values less than 4.7, showing that our method was efficient in predicting true negative molecules.
Chemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride.<sup>1</sup> III. Organoiminosulfur Difluorides (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Sulfur Tetrafluoride.1 III. Organoiminosulfur DifluoridesWilliam C. Smith, Charles W. Tullock, Ronald D. Smith, and Vaughn A. EngelhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 3, 551–555Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01488a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01488a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Embracing the cloud for better cyber security (2011)

The future of cyber security is inextricably tied to the future of computing. Organizational needs and economic factors will drive computing outcomes. Cyber security researchers and practitioners must recognize the path of computing evolution and position themselves to influence the process to incorporate security as an inherent property. The best way to predict future computing trends is to look at recent developments and their motivations. Organizations are moving towards outsourcing their data storage, computation, and even user desktop environments. This trend toward cloud computing has a direct impact on cyber security: rather than securing user machines, preventing malware access, and managing removable media, a cloud-based security scheme must focus on enabling secure communication with remote systems. This change in approach will have profound implications for cyber security research efforts. In this work, we highlight existing and emerging technologies and the limitations of cloud computing systems. We then discuss the cyber security efforts that would support these applications. Finally, we discuss the implications of these architectural changes, in particular with respect to malware and social engineering.
Inducible gene expression mediated by a repressor‐operator system isolated from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> bacteriophage r1t (1996)

A regulatory region of the temperate Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage r1t chromosome has been cloned and characterized. It encompasses the two divergently oriented genes rro, encoding the phage repressor, and tec. Both genes, of which the transcription start sites have been mapped, are preceded by consensus -35 and -10 promoter sequences. The region contains three 21 bp direct repeats with internal dyad symmetry which probably act as operators. Two of these repeats partially overlap the two promoter sequences. The distant third repeat is located within the tec coding sequence. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that Rro specifically binds to this sequence. To study possible transcriptional regulation of the region, a lacZ translational fusion with an open reading frame following tec was constructed. Under conditions that favour the lysogenic life cycle of r1t, beta-galactosidase activity was very low. Expression of the lacZ fusion could be induced 70-fold by the addition of mitomycin C at a concentration which promotes the switch of r1t from the lysogenic to the lytic life cycle. In non-induced cells, promoter activity was repressed by Rro, as a frameshift mutation in rro resulted in constitutive expression of the lacZ gene fusion.