gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new concept of thermionic converter (1979)

The parameters of a new type of thermionic converter, which has a number of concentric electrodes, are computed. The obtained theoretical efficiency of this new type of converter is close to the efficiency of the ideal thermionic diode converter. The results obtained are explained by the reduction of the radiation loss from the emitter due to the electrode configuration. Efficiencies as high as 20% are expected from this type of converter, which is now being constructed.
Retinex Image Processing: Improved Fidelity to Direct Visual Observation (1996)

Recorded color images differ from direct human viewing by the lack of dynamic range compression and color constancy. Research is summarized which develops the center/surround retinex concept originated by Edwin Land through a single-scale design to a multi-scale design with color restoration (MSRCR). The MSRCR synthesizes dynamic range compression, color constancy, and color rendition and, thereby, approaches fidelity to direct observation.
Bioconversion and biosynthesis of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics. X. Final steps in the biosynthesis of spiramycin, using enzyme inhibitor: cerulenin. (1979)

Final steps in the biosynthesis of spiramycin was studied by using cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. The spiramycin-related compounds were tested for transformation with Streptomyces ambofaciens, a spiramycin producing strain, under the condition inhibiting the biosynthesis of aglycone by cerulenin. Forocidin I (4'-demycarosyl 9-deforosaminyl-spiramycin I) was converted into forocidin III (3-propionyl forocidin I), neospiramycin I (4'-demycarosyl spiramycin I), neospiramycin III (3-propionyl neospiramycin I), and spiramycin III (3-propionyl spiramycin I). Neospiramycin I was also converted to neospiramycin III and spiramycin III. Spiramycin I was rapidly transformed into spiramycin III, while neospiramycin III was not converted to any other compounds. These results suggested that the binding of forosamine to aglycone precedes the mycaroside formation, and that the acylation of aglycone at C-3 occurs in the final step of spiramycin biosynthesis.
THORACOLUMBAR SPLANCHNICECTOMY AND SYMPATHECTOMY (1948)

Summary A method of combined analgesia, vasoconstrictor paralysis and narcosis has been devised, to provide an ischæmic field and adequate relaxation, with safeguards against disturbances of circulatory and respiratory dynamics. The reduction in operating time and the complete insignificance of any loss of blood are advantages which contribute to the undoubted value of the method and the satisfactory results achieved. Frequently, the hypotension induced has been extreme, possibly unnecessarily so. As the series proceeded equally satisfactory results have been obtained with systolic pressures of about 70 mm. Hg, which may be regarded as the optimal level. The development of this work owes much to the kindly cooperation and stimulating encouragement of Professor J. R. Lear‐month, C.B.E., Ch.M., F.R.C.S.E.
Polycyclic <i>N</i>‐hetero compounds. <b>XXXIV</b>. Syntheses and evaluation of antidepressive activity of benzofuro‐[2,3‐<i>e</i>]imidazo[1,2‐<i>c</i>]pyrimidines and their precursors (1991)

Abstract Syntheses of 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuro[2,3‐ e ]imidazo[1,2‐ c ]pyrimidine and its 5‐substituted derivatives, corresponding to B‐nor‐6‐oxa‐11,13,15‐triazasteroids, are described. These products and their precursors were screened to evaluate the antidepressive activity.
The Bowery, New York (1935)

The Bowery, New York Get access G. Butler G. Butler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXVIII, Issue jun29, 29 June 1935, Page 459, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXVIII.jun29.459d Published: 29 June 1935
Identification of point mutations in mixtures by capillary electrophoresis hybridization (1998)

We have developed a rapid method for unambiguous identification and mutant fraction determination of individual mutants in mixtures of DNA sequence variants each differing by one or a few nucleotides. This method has applications to such diverse areas as interpretation of mutational spectra, screening of populations for polymorphisms and identification of species in environmental mixtures. In our approach, a mixture of unknown sequences labeled with a fluorescent dye is combined with a set of predetermined sequences (standards) representing the variants to be assayed. Labeling the standards with another dye allows the two sets of variants to be measured independently. Using constant denaturing capillary electrophoresis, the sequence variants are separated as individual peaks on the basis of differential melting equilibria. The unknown sequence variants are initially identified based on co-migration with particular standards. This preliminary identification is verified by hybridization of the unknown variants with the co-migrating standards within the capillary. We demonstrate the use of capillary electrophoresis hybridization to dissect complex mutational spectra of human cells in culture.
Targeted Destruction of Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells with a Saporin Conjugate Alters the Effects of Light on Mouse Circadian Rhythms (2008)

Non-image related responses to light, such as the synchronization of circadian rhythms to the day/night cycle, are mediated by classical rod/cone photoreceptors and by a small subset of retinal ganglion cells that are intrinsically photosensitive, expressing the photopigment, melanopsin. This raises the possibility that the melanopsin cells may be serving as a conduit for photic information detected by the rods and/or cones. To test this idea, we developed a specific immunotoxin consisting of an anti-melanopsin antibody conjugated to the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin. Intravitreal injection of this immunotoxin results in targeted destruction of melanopsin cells. We find that the specific loss of these cells in the adult mouse retina alters the effects of light on circadian rhythms. In particular, the photosensitivity of the circadian system is significantly attenuated. A subset of animals becomes non-responsive to the light/dark cycle, a characteristic previously observed in mice lacking rods, cones, and functional melanopsin cells. Mice lacking melanopsin cells are also unable to show light induced negative masking, a phenomenon known to be mediated by such cells, but both visual cliff and light/dark preference responses are normal. These data suggest that cells containing melanopsin do indeed function as a conduit for rod and/or cone information for certain non-image forming visual responses. Furthermore, we have developed a technique to specifically ablate melanopsin cells in the fully developed adult retina. This approach can be applied to any species subject to the existence of appropriate anti-melanopsin antibodies.
A Class of Minimum Sensitivity Amplifiers (1967)

The ease and low cost of fabricating large numbers of transistors in microelectronic configurations make feasible the use of redundant active devices to achieve improved reliability and decreased sensitivity to parameter changes. This paper considers an amplifier configuration which has particular advantages for microcircuit realization. The arrangement described is capable of yielding a fractional gain change which is equal to the product of the fractional deviations in the gains of each of the redundant signal channels. The nominal input-output transmission is maintained, with negligible changes in gain and bandwidth, even with complete failure of one or more (but not all) of the signal channels; this is achieved at the expense of an increase in sensitivity. The sensitivity to large parameter changes can be minimized over an appreciable portion of the amplifier passband by use of the systematic design procedure which is presented. Experimental verification of theoretical predictions and a design procedure are included.
An ROV-Deployed Deepwater Subsea Sampling System (2012)

Abstract The increase in deepwater production in the Gulf of Mexico and other locationsaround the world has brought a corresponding increase in the use of subseamultiphase flow meters. The placement of subsea multiphase flow meters near thewells provide improved reservoir management, well diagnosis, allocation, aswell as oversight for safety. However, to realize their full potential, multiphase flow meters require timely and accurate fluid properties at meterconditions. Subsea architectures with long flow lines and risers have led tothe realization that well tests and topside samples cannot meet the needs ofthis new measurement technology. A method for ROV-deployed subsea sampling has been developed in conjunctionwith several major operators to provide a means to capture representative fluidsamples at the multiphase meter or other locations, at various times throughoutthe life of the well. The system has been tested in a high-pressure flowlaboratory, as well as in a tank, to simulate ROV deployment in deepwaterconditions. A significant feature of this sampling system is its proposal of astandardized interface. Making such an interface between the sampling systemand the process fluid available to manufacturers will relieve them from thecosts and complications of developing proprietary systems, with varied designsand procedures. Furthermore, users will have more choices of both equipment andROV vendors, since these components should be interchangeable. This paper willpresent an overview of this sampling system development and some of itsperformance characteristics. Introduction The increase in deepwater production in the Gulf of Mexico and other locationsaround the world has brought a corresponding increase in the use of subseamultiphase flowmeters. The placement of subsea multiphase flowmeters near thewell provides improved reservoir management, well diagnostics, and allocation. However, multiphase flowmeters require timely, accurate fluid properties, atmeter conditions, to realize their full potential. Subsea architectures withlong flow lines and risers have led to the realization that well tests andtopside samples cannot meet the needs of this new measurement technology. A method for a remotely operated vehicle (ROV)-operated subsea sampling systemhas been developed to provide a means to capture representative fluid samplesat the multiphase meter and other locations at various times throughout thelife of the well. The system has been tested in a laboratory and a tank tosimulate ROV deployment in subsea conditions. One attractive feature of the sampling system is the proposed standardizedinterface. A standardized interface between the sampling system and the processfluid will relieve users and manufacturers from the costs and complications ofproprietary systems with varied designs and procedures. The standardizedinterface will be made available to interested parties. This paper presents anoverview of the sampling system development and testing.
Structural changes in axillary eccrine glands following long-term treatment with aluminium chloride hexahydrate solution (1984)

Axillary skin biopsies from fifteen patients with axillary hyperhidrosis who had received long-term treatment with aqueous aluminium chloride solution were examined histologically. The apocrine glands were normal, but the eccrine glands showed conspicuous morphological changes of varying severity. These included vacuolization of the secretory epithelium, dilatation of eccrine acini with atrophy of secretory cells, and accumulation of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant material in the dilated lumen of the secretory coils. The histological changes correlated in most patients with decreased secretion of sweat. We conclude that long-term blockage of the distal acrosyringium due to aluminium salts may lead to functional and structural degeneration of the eccrine acini.
Effect of dietary galacto-oligosaccharides on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci and colorectal cancer in Fischer 344 rats (2001)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS, Elix'or) on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colorectal tumours in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). Two groups of 102 male Fischer 344 rats were injected twice with AOM to induce colorectal tumours, and fed diets containing either a low [5% (w/w); LGOS] or a high [20% (w/w); HGOS] concentration of GOS. Four weeks after the last AOM injection, 18 animals from each group were killed and their colon was removed for scoring ACF. Half of the animals in the LGOS group were switched to an HGOS diet (L/HGOS) and half of those in the HGOS group to an LGOS diet (H/LGOS). Six weeks after the change in diet, nine animals per group were killed for scoring ACF. Ten months after the start of the study the remaining animals were killed for scoring colorectal tumours. The aberrant crypt multiplicity scored after 13 weeks and the colorectal tumour incidence in rats fed an HGOS diet were significantly lower than those in rats fed an LGOS diet. However, the induction of ACF by AOM, the proliferation rate and apoptotic index of the adenomas, and the size and multiplicity of colorectal tumours were not influenced by the amount of GOS in the diet. The aberrant crypt multiplicity, scored after 13 weeks, was predictive for the tumour outcome at the end of the study. It was concluded that an HGOS diet has a protective effect against the development of colorectal tumours in rats and that this protective effect is exerted during the promotion phase rather than the initiation phase of carcinogenesis.
Surface phenotype of Peyer's patch germinal center cells: implications for the role of germinal centers in B cell differentiation. (1982)

The surface phenotype of Peyer's patch germinal center lymphoid cells in the mouse is described. It is confirmed that most germinal center lymphocytes bind high levels of peanut agglutination (PNA), a lectin with specificity for terminal galactosyl residues. It is shown that germinal center lymphocytes can be identified in cell suspensions as a discrete PNAhi population distinct from other B cells, plasma cells, and most T cells, which bind only low levels of PNA. Using fluorescence-labeled PNA as a marker in dual fluorescence studies, we found that the majority of Peyer's patch germinal center cells are B lymphocytes: PNAhi Peyer's patch cells express B220, the B lineage-specific form of the T200 family of molecules, as well as low levels of surface Ig. They do not express the T cell-lineage antigens Thy-1, Lyt-1, or Lyt-2 (only 1 to 3% positive). They bear lower levels of H2-K than PNAlo B cells, but two to three times the level of surface I-A-encoded determinants. A discrete but variable subpopulation of PNAhi Peyer's patch cells bear ThB in AKR/c mice, but BALB/c PNAhi lymphocytes are ThB-. About 10 to 30% bear surface IgM or IgG, but in contrast to essentially all PNAlo B lymphocytes in this site, they express no detectable surface IgD. The majority of Peyer's patch germinal center cells bear surface IgA, and this IgA is allelically excluded in F1 mice, indicating it is synthesized by the germinal center cells themselves. In fact, germinal centers contain most of the IgA-bearing cells in Peyer's patches (70 to 85%). These findings lend considerable support to the concept that germinal centers in Peyer's patches are the site of generation of precursors of the IgA-secreting plasma cells that characterize mucosal immune responses, and also suggest that germinal centers may play an important role in the process of heavy chain class switching.
Clinical analysis of 31 cases of primary aldosteronism (2010)

Objective To approach the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism for improving the level of diagnosis and treatment. Methods The data of 31 cases of pathologically confirmed primary aldosteronism seen from 2005 to 2009 were collected and analysed with literature. Results 31 patients included 28 cases of aldosterone-producing adenoma,3 cases of adrenocortical hyperplasia. Most patients had high blood pressure as the first symptom, followed by the manifestation of hypokalemia. Plasma aldosterone concentration/plasma renin activity was＞25/1; in all patients 29 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery to remove lesions or adrenal tissue and 2 cases had open surgery because of the size of tumor. Conclusions This disease has a long course with non-specific clinical symptoms at the early stage, and easily be misdiagnosed. ARR screening test could detect PA early. CT scan is better than B-mode ultrasonography in both lesion location and qualitation. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery is an effective treatment with satisfactory therapeutic outcome.

Key words: 
Hyperaldosteronism; Hypertension; Hypokalemia
Improving VoIP application's performance over WLAN using a new distributed fair MAC scheme (2004)

Voice over IP (VoIP) is a crucial service in the wireless local area network (WLAN) system. The primary medium access control (MAC) technique of the WLAN is IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). Under the situations of various packet sizes, the deficiency of existing MAC protocols mainly comes from the idle slots used to contend the channel for small size packets and from the transmission collisions due to the identical backoff slot value generated for all stations. This study takes account of the above issues and proposes a new MAC scheme to enhance VoIP performance over WLAN. This scheme allows each station to transmit a burst of packets after winning a transmission opportunity instead of just one packet. This reduces the average number of waiting slots and collision probability in each transmission cycle. Moreover, to ensure fairness among stations, a maximum transmission period is assigned to each station in order to control the length of the burst transmission. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method can improve the QoS of VoIP applications significantly by providing lower delay, lower jitter and higher degree of fairness.
Correlations between Octane Numbers and Catalytic Cracking Naphtha Composition (1999)

This work describes the development of correlations between the research and motor octane numbers (RON and MON, respectively) and the composition of catalytic cracking naphtha. The correlations were developed using a nonideal model. The adjustable parameters in the model were determined by multiple regression using 67 naphtha samples produced at Amuay Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit. These correlations are useful for predicting catalytic cracking naphtha RON and MON, using its composition determined by gas chromatography. The confidence limits (95%) of these predictions are ±0.6 for RON and ±0.4 for MON. With the information from the octane−composition relationship, it is possible to establish strategies for catalytic cracking naphtha RON and MON enhancement.
Neostoicism and the Economics of Revenge in Cyril Tourneur’s The Atheist’s Tragedy (2014)

This essay seeks to historicize Renaissance Neostoicism in relation to the period’s emergent capitalism. As historians have demonstrated, the emergence of capitalism in England yielded significant social and cultural changes, affecting all aspects of life from state power, to civil society, to individual subjectivity. Building in particular on Hugh Grady’s study of the socially destabilizing effects of “early modern reification,” this essay explores how Cyril Tourneur’s The Atheist’s Tragedy employs the discourse on Stoic constancy as a method for resisting the destructive effects of this new economic logic. With particular reference to Justus Lipsius’s anxious writings on the spiritual destitution produced by excessive consumerism and bodily desire, the article contends that in The Atheist’s Tragedy emerging capitalism is negotiated and ultimately resisted through recourse to a monistic Stoic model of the inextricable relationship between body and soul, flesh and spirit.
PhI(OAc)<sub>2</sub>-mediated one-pot oxidative decarboxylation and aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carbolines: synthesis of norharmane, harmane, eudistomin U and eudistomin I (2015)

Iodobenzene diacetate was employed as a mild and efficient reagent for one-pot oxidative decarboxylation of tetrahydro-β-carboline acids and dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines to access the corresponding aromatic β-carbolines. To the best of our knowledge this is the first synthesis of β-carbolines via a one-pot oxidative decarboxylation at ambient temperature. The utility of this protocol has been demonstrated in the synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids norharmane (2o), harmane (2p), eudistomin U (9) and eudistomin I (12).
Dried Plums Improve Indices of Bone Formation in Postmenopausal Women (2002)

Menopause drastically increases the risk of osteoporosis. Aside from drug therapy, lifestyle and nutritional factors play an important role in the maintenance of skeletal health. Our recent findings suggest that dried plums, a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, are highly effective in modulating bone mass in an ovarian hormone-deficient rat model of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the addition of dried plums to the diets of postmenopausal women positively influences markers of bone turnover. Fifty-eight postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were randomly assigned to consume either 100 g dried plums or 75 g dried apples daily for 3 months. Both dried fruit regimens provided similar amount of calories, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber. Serum and urinary biochemical markers of bone status were assessed before and after treatment. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plums significantly increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) activity. Higher levels of both serum IGF-I and BSAP are associated with greater rates of bone formation. Serum and urinary markers of bone resorption, however, were not affected by either dietary regimen. The results of this study suggest that dried plums may exert positive effects on bone in postmenopausal women. Longer duration studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effects of dried plum on bone mineral density (BMD) and the skeletal health of postmenopausal women.
Primary Uroepithelial Cultures (1999)

Despite almost 25 years of effort, the development of a highly differentiated and functionally equivalent cell culture model of uroepithelial cells has eluded investigators. We have developed a primary cell culture model of rabbit uroepithelium that consists of an underlying cell layer that interacts with a collagen substratum, an intermediate cell layer, and an upper cell layer of large (25-100 micrometer) superficial cells. When examined at the ultrastructural level, the superficial cells formed junctional complexes and had an asymmetric unit membrane, a hallmark of terminal differentiation in bladder umbrella cells. These cultured "umbrella" cells expressed uroplakins and a 27-kDa uroepithelial specific antigen that assembled into detergent-resistant asymmetric unit membrane particles. The cultures had low diffusive permeabilities for water (2.8 x 10(-4) cm/s) and urea (3.0 x 10(-7) cm/s) and high transepithelial resistance (>8000 Omega cm2) was achieved when 1 mM CaCl2 was included in the culture medium. The cell cultures expressed an amiloride-sensitive sodium transport pathway and increases in apical membrane capacitance were observed when the cultures were osmotically stretched. The described primary rabbit cell culture model mimics many of the characteristics of uroepithelium found in vivo and should serve as a useful tool to explore normal uroepithelial function as well as dysfunction as a result of disease.