gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of VCAM‐1 and Fibronectin Binding to Integrin α <sub>4</sub> β <sub>1</sub> : Implications for Integrin Function and Rational Drug Design (2007)

Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 can mediate both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by binding to either fibronectin or vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Both interactions are important for extravasation of leukocytes from the blood implying that rationally designed inhibitors of alpha 4 beta 1 function may be useful for treating a various inflammatory conditions. The mechanisms of ligand binding by alpha 4 beta 1 are complicated by the fact that alternative splicing can generate different isoforms of the receptor-binding domains in both fibronectin and VCAM-1. Therefore, in addition to developing alpha 4 beta 1 antagonists, we have also been interested in identifying isoform-specific functions. Recombinant ligand variants have been tested in adhesion and direct receptor-binding assays and each molecule was found to have a different inherent affinity for alpha 4 beta 1 that endows them with different adhesive activities. This suggests that alternative splicing may regulate alpha 4 beta 1-dependent motility in vivo. The initial strategy that we have adopted to develop alpha 4 beta 1 inhibitors has been to identify key amino acid residues and peptide sequences participating in the receptor-ligand binding event and to use this information to generate synthetic mimetics. Three active sites have been identified in fibronectin by testing truncated proteins, expressing recombinant fragments and screening synthetic peptides. Two of these sites employ versions of a novel integrin-binding motif, LDVP/IDAP. A key active site in VCAM-1 has been identified by similar approaches as the related sequence IDSP. Since IDSP-like sequences are probably used by other integrin-binding immunoglobulins, derivatives of these peptides may turn out to be the forerunners of a new generation of therapeutic agents with multiple applications.
<i>CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS</i> DEFICIENCY MAPPING (1984)

Six schemes were used to identify 80 independent recessive lethal deficiencies of linkage group (LG) II following X-ray treatment of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Complementation tests between the deficiencies and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced recessive visible, lethal and sterile mutations and between different deficiencies were used to characterize the extents of the deficiencies. Deficiency endpoints thus helped to order 36 sites within a region representing about half of the loci on LG II and extending over about 5 map units. New mutations occurring in this region can be assigned to particular segments of the map by complementation tests against a small number of deficiencies; this facilitates the assignment of single-site mutations to particular genes, as we illustrate. Five sperm-defective and five oocyte-defective LG II sterile mutants were identified and mapped. Certain deficiency-by-deficiency complementation tests allowed us to suggest that the phenotypes of null mutations at two loci represented by visible alleles are wild type and that null mutations at a third locus confer a visible phenotype. A segment of LG II that is about 12 map units long and largely devoid of identified loci seems to be greatly favored for crossing over.
Activation of the <i>Anabaena nir</i> operon promoter requires both NtcA (CAP family) and NtcB (LysR family) transcription factors (2000)

A region of the genome of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 containing the ntcB gene was identified. This region is located upstream from the nir operon involved in nitrate assimilation in this cyanobacterium. An Anabaena ntcB mutant was able to use ammonium and dinitrogen as sources of nitrogen for growth but was unable to assimilate nitrate. Enzymes of the nitrate reduction system were not synthesized in the ntcB mutant under derepression conditions. The transcription start-point of the Anabaena nir operon, which has been shown to be subjected to ammonium-stimulated repression and whose expression requires the global nitrogen regulator NtcA, was only weakly used in the ntcB mutant. The expression of the ntcB gene in strain PCC 7120 was also subjected to repression by ammonium and was found to take place from an NtcA-activated promoter located 31 bp upstream from the start of the ntcB gene. NtcB binds to the nir promoter region in vitro and protects a region localized just upstream from the NtcA-binding site in footprinting assays. These results showed that NtcB, a LysR-family protein, is required in addition to NtcA, a CAP-family protein, for the expression of genes encoding proteins specifically involved in nitrate assimilation in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120.
High temperature ultrasonic immersion measurements using a BS-PT based piezoelectric transducer without a delay line (2018)

Ultrasonic imaging is a key enabling technology required for in-service inspection of advanced sodium fast reactors at the hot stand-by operating mode (∼250C). Current work presents development of a single element, 2.4MHz, planar, ultrasonic immersion transducer for a potential application in ranging, inspection and imaging of the reactor components. The prototype immersion transducer is first tested in water for three thermal cycles up to 92C. The transducer is further evaluated for four thermal cycles in silicone oil, with total seven thermal cycles that exceeded operation period of 21 hours. Moreover, the preliminary data acquired for speed of sound in silicone oil indicates 24% reduction from 22C to 142C. Sensitivity of the ultrasonic transducer is also measured as a function of temperature and demonstrates the effect of multiple thermal cycles on the transducer components.
Applicability of airborne release fraction and respirable fraction values to particulate toxic chemical material releases at DOE sites (2006)

A survey of 14 Department of Energy (DOE) sites was performed to identify methodology used in the selection of airborne release fraction (ARF) and respirable fraction (RF) values for chemicals that are used to evaluate concentration exposures (i.e., consequences) for workers and public from accidental release of toxic chemical particulate material. Approximately half of the surveyed sites do not use ARF/RF values because they handle small quantities of chemicals, which are below the threshold planning quantities (TPQs) of 40 CFR 355 and threshold quantities (TQs) of 29 CFR 1910.119, where quantitative concentration (consequence) analysis is not usually performed. The sites that use ARF/RF values for chemicals typically use values that are based on DOE-HDBK-3010-94(1) that were developed for plutonium and uranium, which may not always be applicable and thus not be reliable. Guidance on ARF/RF use for toxic chemicals based on DOE-HDBK-3010-94 values is discussed in terms of density, particle size, deposition rate, and other properties.
Colonoscopy and bacteraemia: an experience in 50 patients. (1986)

There is little consensus concerning the incidence of bacteraemia during colonoscopy and the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in susceptible patients. Hepatic abscesses in one patient which may have been related to prior colonoscopic examinations led the authors to carry out a prospective study of 50 patients undergoing colonoscopy. Multiple blood cultures were carried out to maximise the positive yield of transient bacteraemia and to attempt to determine the time when bacteraemia is most likely to occur. Five patients had positive blood cultures. In two patients S epidermidis was isolated, but only from the precolonoscopic blood sample. In three subjects enteric organisms were cultured from blood samples obtained during the procedure. In one of these three the same organism was cultured from the preendoscopic blood sample so that in only two patients (4%) could the bacteraemia be attributed to the colonoscopy. These results would suggest that the risk of bacteraemia during colonoscopy is low.
Additive Effects on the Toughening of Unsaturated Polyester Resins (1993)

An elastomer additive, carboxy-terminated acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, was used for toughening in the free radical cross-linking copolymerization of unsaturated polyester (UP) resins. For molded parts, Charpy impact behavior was generally enhanced and the number of catastrophic failures was reduced. The miscibility and interfacial properties of additive and resin blends play important roles in the toughening process. Phase-diagram studies showed that the elastomer additive is immiscible with the UP resin and is phase-separated from the resin matrix during curing. This phase-separation phenomenon is similar to that in the low-profile mechanism of UP resins. Additive-resin system miscibility greatly influences curing morphology. Microvoids occurred in the additive phase of cured resin because of shrinkage stress. The intrinsic inhomogeneity of the polyester network and the existence of microvoids in the final product limit the toughening effect of additives on unsaturated polyester resins.
A shallow-cavity UHF crossed-slot antenna (1969)

The shallow-cavity crossed-slot antenna is a UHF radiator designed primarily for use on a high-speed aircraft operating as the airborne terminal in a satellite-to-air communications link. The requirements, design analysis, and performance characteristics are described. The antenna's shallow profile makes it attractive either as a paste-on- or flush-mounted-type radiator. Near-hemispherical radiation coverage is provided.
Structured autoregressive instantaneous phase and frequency estimation (2002)

A new approach to estimate the phase and amplitude signal parameters of a quite general class of complex valued signals is presented. The proposed algorithm can estimate the signal parameters of a sum of complex signals, the amplitudes may be time varying and the phase functions are modelled by some continuous functions a/sub l/(t). The data can be evenly or unevenly sampled in time. The signal parameter estimates minimizes a loss function based on the prediction errors of a new, time dependent, structured autoregressive filter. The instantaneous phase and frequency is easily obtained from the estimated signal parameters. The structured AR filter is a model based time-frequency representation.
Revisiting predictive biomarkers of musculoskeletal injury in thoroughbred racehorses: longitudinal study in polish population (2019)

Changes in serum GAG and CPII in racehorses at risk of injury appear to be similar across distinct populations while dynamics of serum bone marker is more population-specific.
Microbial Hydroxylation and Simultaneous Formation of the 4''-O-Methylglucoside of the Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor CGP 62706 (1999)

Two fungal strains of Beauveria bassiana, DSM 875 and DSM 1344, hydroxylated CGP 62706, an inhibitor of the EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase, in the C(4') position and subsequently formed the glucosylated metabolite with 5–11% and 7–15% yield, respectively. The reaction could be successfully scaled up to 3 l fermentation volume with strain DSM 875. The structure of the glycosylated compound was determined by micro-HPLC-MS and NMR after production by fermentation on the mg scale. In addition, the biotransformation also provides access to the free 4'-hydroxylated compound, as the glycoside can easily be hydrolyzed.
Optic Disc Topography Before and After Trabeculectomy in Advanced Glaucoma (1996)

The postoperative IOP should be kept low enough to permit reversal of optic disc changes.
The effects of direct inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase on osteoblast differentiation (2011)

Statins, drugs commonly used to lower serum cholesterol, have been shown to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. These effects have been attributed to the depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). In this study, we tested whether specific inhibition of GGPP synthase (GGPPS) with digeranyl bisphosphonate (DGBP) would similarly lead to increased osteoblast differentiation. DGBP concentration dependently decreased intracellular GGPP levels in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and primary rat calvarial osteoblasts, leading to impaired Rap1a geranylgeranylation. In contrast to our hypothesis, 1 µM DGBP inhibited matrix mineralization in the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Consistent with this, DGBP inhibited the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in primary osteoblasts. By inhibiting GGPPS, DGBP caused an accumulation of the GGPPS substrate farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). This effect was observed throughout the time course of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast differentiation. Interestingly, DGBP treatment led to activation of the glucocorticoid receptor in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells, consistent with recent findings that FPP activates nuclear hormone receptors. These findings demonstrate that direct inhibition of GGPPS, and the resulting specific depletion of GGPP, does not stimulate osteoblast differentiation. This suggests that in addition to depletion of GGPP, statin-stimulated osteoblast differentiation may depend on the depletion of upstream isoprenoids, including FPP.
History Matching of Stochastic Models of Field-Scale Fractures: Methodology and Case Study (2004)

Abstract This paper focuses on the history matching of stochastic models of large-scale (field-scale) fractures, namely (sub-) seismic faults and fracture swarms. First, we propose an object-based stochastic model for describing geological features of large-scale fractures. This model accounts for static constraints derived from seismic attributes, fault-related-strain-field, structural information (curvature) etc. Second, we review an upscaling procedure for performing fluid flow simulation in the presence of networks of large-scale fractures. Third, we present an algorithm for gradually moving and deforming stochastic fractures in the reservoir field while preserving their consistency with static constraints (location of seismic fractures, fracture density and orientation maps), whereby different realizations of the stochastic fracture network can be obtained. All these elements are integrated in an inverse procedure for calibrating stochastic models of large-scale fracture networks to hydrodynamic two-phase flow data. The above methodology is applied to an actual fractured reservoir. We build a field-scale fracture network constrained to the fracture density map and the orientations of fracture sets. Then we perform history matching to water-cut data from four different zones of the field. Different calibration procedures are tested: global optimization that allows a general improvement of the model calibration to production data, and local calibration that further improves the match of each well. The results show the validity of the proposed methodology.
Single-step isolation and resolution of pancreatic carboxypeptidases A and B (1979)

Carboxypeptidases A and B have been isolated individually from aqueous extracts of mammalian pancreatic acetone powders by affinity chromatography on [N-(epsilon-aminocaproyl)-p-aminobenzyl]succinyl-Sepharose 4B (CABS-Sepharose). The affinity ligand was synthesized from DL-benzylsuccinic acid, purified, and characterized by UV absorption and NMR spectroscopy. Both enzymes from the various species were homogeneous by NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and displayed high specific activities. No cross contamination of one enzyme species with the other was found. The ease of synthesis of the ligand from its commercially available precursor, its stability, and the mild elution conditions render CABS-Sepharose an excellent affinity support for the single-column isolation of both carboxypeptidases A and B. The procedures extend the utility of this resin previously demonstrated for carboxypeptidase A from human pancreatic juice [Peterson, L. M., Sokolovsky, M., & Vallee, B. L. (1976) Biochemistry, 15, 2501]. The use of CABS-Sepharose as a general affinity matrix for the isolation of metallocarboxypeptidases is suggested.
On the study of pulse evolution in ultra-short pulse mode-locked fiber lasers by numerical simulations (2007)

In this contribution we highlight several aspects concerning the numerical simulation of ultra-short pulse mode-locked fiber lasers by a non-distributed model. We show that for fixed system parameters multiple attractors are accessible by different initial conditions especially in the transient region between different mode-locking regimes. The reduction of multiple attractors stabilizing from different quantum noise fields to a single solution by gain ramping is demonstrated. Based on this analysis and model, different regimes of mode-locking obtained by varying the intra-cavity dispersion and saturation energy of the gain fiber are revised and it is shown that a regime producing linearly chirped parabolic pulses known from self-similar evolution is embedded in the wave-breaking free mode-locking regime.
Introduction (1996)

In January 1977, normalisation of relations with Vietnam was considered by the incoming Administration to be a goal of some importance in serving American interests in South-East Asia. In the first six months of that year the Administration undertook a number of initiatives designed to achieve that end as swiftly as possible. After this effort failed to achieve normalisation, the pace of events began to slow. A further set of negotiations in December 1977 brought no progress. Contacts, both formal and informal, continued in 1978 and finally, in September of that year, the two governments agreed terms for the establishment of normal relations. By that time, however, a number of developments had begun to erode the Carter Administration’s initial objectives in South-East Asia and, in December 1978, US-Vietnamese normalisation was postponed indefinitely. Only now, a decade and a half later, has progress towards normalisation begun once again.
Current developments in natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery: An evidence-based review (2010)

Tremendous advances have been made in recent years addressing the key obstacles to safe performance and introduction of human natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Animal studies have focused on identifying optimal solutions to these obstacles, in particular methods of creating transluminal access, safe closure of the point of access, and development of a multitasking platform with dedicated instruments. Whether the performance data generated from these animal studies can be reproduced in humans has yet to be determined. Reports of human NOTES procedures are emerging, and the possibility of accomplishing human NOTES based on existing technology has been demonstrated. However, dedicated platforms and devices are still lacking to allow for pure NOTES procedures, and whether NOTES can deliver the postulated benefits of earlier recovery and improved cosmesis remains uncertain.
A step towards the discrimination of beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (2012)

This shows that MALDI-TOF MS has definite potential to discriminate antibiotic-resistant strains due to ESBL and MBL production from nonproducing strains, but this performance is not yet sufficiently reliable for routine microbiological diagnostics.
Functional derivatives of sterically hindered amines. 1. Glycidyl compounds (1989)

Abstract Four polymerizable glycidyl derivatives of sterically hindered amines were prepared from derivatives of 2, 2, 6, 6‐tetramethyl‐4‐hydroxypiperidine and 14, 16‐dioxo‐7, 15‐diazadispiro [5, 1, 5, 3] hexadecane. One of them is a stable nitroxyl derivative.
Large‐area metasurface on CMOS‐compatible fabrication platform: driving flat optics from lab to fab (2018)

Abstract A metasurface is a layer of subwavelength‐scale nanostructures that can be used to design functional devices in ultrathin form. Various metasurface‐based optical devices – coined as flat optics devices – have been realized with distinction performances in research laboratories using electron beam lithography. To make such devices mass producible at low cost, metasurfaces over a large area have also been defined with lithography steppers and scanners, which are commonly used in semiconductor foundries. This work reviews the metasurface process platforms and functional devices fabricated using complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible mass manufacturing technologies. Taking both fine critical dimension and mass production into account, the platforms developed at the Institute of Microelectronics (IME), A*STAR using advanced 12‐inch immersion lithography have been presented with details, including process flow and demonstrated optical functionalities. These developed platforms aim to drive the flat optics from lab to fab.
Toxic metals extracted with spercritical carbon dioxide (1996)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTToxic metals extracted with spercritical carbon dioxideELIZABETH K. WILSONView Author Information C&EN West Coast BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 16, 27–31Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 15 April 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v074n016.p027https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n016.p027newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Beverages,Elements,Energy,Inorganic carbon compounds,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Application of Genetic Algorithms to Stiffness Optimization of Laminated Composite Plates with Stress-Concentrated Open Holes (1995)

Recently, laminated composite plates have been applied to many aircraft structures because their mechanical properties are superior to those of conventional materials. Since the laminates have anisotropic elastic properties, an optimum design is needed to make advantageous use of composite laminates. The authors have proposed a successful object-oriented expert system to design laminated composites with actual constraints. A solution to optimize the fiber orientation of stiffeners around open holes, however, has not yet been developed because it is very difficult and requires stress redistribution analysis. In this study, therefore, genetic algorithms (GA) were applied to solve the optimization problem by the object-oriented finite-element stress analysis method. Results obtained were as follows. (1) The GA method is applicable to an open hole model. (2) The random search method is easily applicable to any model.
Standards for Structured Documents (1989)

Recent work with electronic documents has emphasised the importance of maintaining the structure of a document at all stages of editing, storage and transmission. The Office Document Architecture (ODA) and the Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) are two international standards for the representation and interchange of structured documents. This paper outlines the main features of the document structures supported by ODA and SGML and assesses their strengths and weaknesses.
Let’s make lots of money (2006)

Capitalism is a better way for nurses – Janet Smith shares her vision