gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Detection of corrosion in pipe using the magnetostrictive sensor technique</title> (1995)

A technique for inspecting steel pipes or tubes using magnetostrictive sensors (MsSs) is described. Signals acquired from approximately 6.6-m-long, 164-mm-diameter, 5-mm-wall steel pipes before and after inducing a simulated corrosion defect are given. The data show that the MsS technique is very sensitive to corrosion-type defects and can be used for 100% volumetric inspection of a long segment of piping from a single sensor location. Also, the ability to operate the sensor with a substantial gap to the outside surface of pipe makes the MsS technique suitable for inspection of piping under thermal insulation or lagging.
Contraception in Japan. (1969)

In a 1967 survey 72 percent of informants were either practicing contraception or had done so in the past. As the sale of oral contraceptives and IUDs is illegal in Japan other methods were used, mostly condoms or the safe period. However, studies relating to oral contraceptives and IUDs have been authorized. A committee established in 1960 gave the opinion in 1964 that oral contraceptives were effective and not seriously harmful. A doctor's prescription and supervision were recommended. In 1966 the Endocrine Committee of the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology reported results among 1513 women treated in hospital clinics with oral contraceptives. Side-effects were found in 10 percent during 15,778 cycles. Among 859 women who discontinued medication after 12 cycles or more, menstruation took longer than 34 days to appear in 50 percent but became regular later. Among 3037 women pregnancy rate was .4 percent per 100 women years on combined therapy and .68 percent on sequential therapy. Although the Ota ring had been used for 30 years, its sale was prohibited in 1936 because of possible harmful effects. Insertion of an IUD is lawful only when done by a docter for the purpose of scientific study. However in 1967 IUDs were used by 6.1 percent of all contraceptors. They have been inserted by about 80 percent of gynecologists. Expulsions have been more frequent with Lippes loop B than with the Ota ring, the same for the ring and the C loop. Perforation of the uterus has been reported in 15 cases (presumably due to faulty insertion), ectopic pregnancy in 38 cases, and cases of cervical pregnancy, placenta praevia, and placenta accreta have been reported with conception while retaining an IUD. Fertility after removal is well-maintained and ovarian function of long-term IUD users is normal. Endometrial histology showed only local pressure effects from an IUD and of 1058 women with an IUD in place vaginal smears were similar to controls. Of 10 cervical carcinomas none was considered to have started in the area of contact with an Ota ring and a single case of carcinoma of the body of the uterus was thought to have been present before IUD insertion. Abortion has been used as a major form of birth control. Reported induced abortions reached a maximum in 1955 with 1,170,000; in 1966, 808,000. Reported numbers do not reflect the true incidence; in recent years 1.4 million abortions are believed to have been performed. In 1964 an induced abortion was performed for every 2 registered birth. A 1967 survey showed that 12.2 percent of wives who did not use contraceptives had resorted to induced abortion, while wives with current or past experience with contraception had abortion rates of 40.9 percent and 44.1 percent respectively. Serious complications from induced abortion have been uncommon in Japan.
Towards a Unified Operational Value Index of Energy Storage in Smart Grid Environment (2012)

This paper proposes a unified operational value index of energy storage in the smart grid electricity market environment. Given the heterogeneity of many storage service providers enabled by smart grid technologies, this unified value index will allow for comparison across different technology choices. It is also argued that implicit forms of energy storage, such as demand response, should be valued and utilized. A cross-market cooptimization is proposed to maximize the operational value of energy storage under the deregulated electricity market environment. For numerical illustration a case study is conducted in a modified 24-bus IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS), which includes flywheels, battery storage in the form of plug-in electric vehicles, and price responsive thermal load.
A facial motion synthesis for intelligent man‐machine interface (1991)

Abstract A facial motion image synthesis method for intelligent man‐machine interface is examined. Here, the intelligent man‐machine interface is a kind of friendly man‐machine interface with voices and pictures in which human faces appear on a screen and answer questions, compared to the currently existing user interfaces which primarily uses letters. Thus what appears on the screen is human faces, and if speech mannerisms and facial expressions are natural, then the interactions with the machine are similar to those with actual human beings. To implement such an intelligent man‐machine interface it is necessary to synthesize natural facial expressions on the screen. This paper investigates a method to synthesize facial motion images based on given information on text and emotion. The proposed method utilizes the analysis‐synthesis image coding method. It constructs facial images by assigning intensity data to the parameters of a 3‐dimensional (3‐D) model matching the person in question. Moreover, it synthesizes facial expressions by modifying the 3‐D model according to the predetermined set of rules based on the input phonemes and emotion, and also synthesizes reasonably natural facial images.
Predicting the future of additive manufacturing: A Delphi study on economic and societal implications of 3D printing for 2030 (2017)

Additive manufacturing (colloquially: 3D printing) is a highly discussed topic. Previous research has argued that this technology not only has profound effects on manufacturing businesses but also on society, which demands new corporate strategies and policies alike. Thus, the development of reliable future scenarios is key for strategic planning and decision making as well as for future research. Dedicated academic studies in this field remain scarce. We present the results of an extensive Delphi survey on the future of additive manufacturing with a focus on its economic and societal implications in 2030. Via an initial round of extensive qualitative interviews and a Delphi-based analysis of 3510 quantitative estimations and 1172 qualitative comments from 65 experts, we were able to develop and validate 18 projections that were then clustered into a scenario for the most probable future. The scenario is built on the six Delphi projections with the highest consensus on the likelihood of occurrence. We complement this most probable scenario with a discussion on controversial, extreme scenarios. Based on these findings we derive implications for industry, policy, and future research.
Performance and Power Comparisons between NVIDIA and ATI GPUS (2014)

In recent years, modern graphics processing units have been widely adopted in high performance computing areas to solve large scale computation problems. The leading GPU manufacturers Nvidia and ATI have introduced series of products to the market. While sharing many similar design concepts, GPUs from these two manufacturers differ in several aspects on processor cores and the memory subsystem. In this paper, we choose two recently released products respectively from Nvidia and ATI and investigate the architectural differences between them. Our results indicate that these two products have diverse advantages that are reflected in their performance for different sets of applications. In addition, we also compare the energy efficiencies of these two platforms since power/energy consumption is a major concern in the high performance computing system.
Socially-aware routing for publish-subscribe in delay-tolerant mobile ad hoc networks (2008)

Applications involving the dissemination of information directly relevant to humans (e.g., service advertising, news spreading, environmental alerts) often rely on publish-subscribe, in which the network delivers a published message only to the nodes whose subscribed interests match it. In principle, publish- subscribe is particularly useful in mobile environments, since it minimizes the coupling among communication parties. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the (few) works that tackled publish-subscribe in mobile environments has yet addressed intermittently-connected human networks. Socially-related people tend to be co-located quite regularly. This characteristic can be exploited to drive forwarding decisions in the interest-based routing layer supporting the publish-subscribe network, yielding not only improved performance but also the ability to overcome high rates of mobility and long-lasting disconnections. In this paper we propose SocialCast, a routing framework for publish-subscribe that exploits predictions based on metrics of social interaction (e.g., patterns of movements among communities) to identify the best information carriers. We highlight the principles underlying our protocol, illustrate its operation, and evaluate its performance using a mobility model based on a social network validated with real human mobility traces. The evaluation shows that prediction of colocation and node mobility allow for maintaining a very high and steady event delivery with low overhead and latency, despite the variation in density, number of replicas per message or speed.
The response of retroperitoneal fibrosis to tamoxifen. (1991)

Although retroperitoneal fibrosis is uncommon and histologically benign, it is a progressive and potentially fatal tumor. As the fibroblasts proliferate, they encase and may obstruct important retroperitoneal structures. Medical therapy in the past has been ineffectual, and since the tumor usually cannot be resected, surgery consists of lysis or bypass of the involved structures. Tamoxifen is effective in the treatment of desmoid tumors, and we report its use in two patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis with excellent results. The simplicity and safety of this treatment make tamoxifen an attractive choice of therapy.
Down-Regulation of Endometrial Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and -7 Expression<i>in Vitro</i>and Therapeutic Regression of Experimental Endometriosis<i>in Vivo</i>by a Novel Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Agonist, Tanaproget (2006)

Given the positive preclinical pharmacological profile of TNPR that has recently been reported, additional development of this compound for the treatment of endometriosis is warranted.
Effects of Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide Structural Modulation on Stability, Antibacterial Activity, and Human Cell Toxicity (2012)

Bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, identifying novel antibacterial targets and new antibacterial agents capable of treating infections by drug-resistant bacteria is of vital importance. The structurally simple yet potent fusaricidin or LI-F class of natural products represents a particularly attractive source of candidates for the development of new antibacterial agents. We synthesized 18 fusaricidin/LI-F analogues and investigated the effects of structure modification on their conformation, serum stability, antibacterial activity, and toxicity toward human cells. Our findings show that substitution of an ester bond in depsipeptides with an amide bond may afford equally potent analogues with improved stability and greatly decreased cytotoxicity. The lower overall hydrophobicity/amphiphilicity of amide analogues in comparison with their parent depsipeptides, as indicated by HPLC retention times, may explain the dissociation of antibacterial activity and human cell cytotoxicity. These results indicate that amide analogues may have significant advantages over fusaricidin/LI-F natural products and their depsipeptide analogues as lead structures for the development of new antibacterial agents.
Physico-chemical Properties, Pasting Behavior and Functional Characteristics of Flours and Starches from Improved Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Grown in East Africa (2006)

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M University
On the Hole Injection for III-Nitride Based Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

The hole injection is one of the bottlenecks that strongly hinder the quantum efficiency and the optical power for deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) with the emission wavelength smaller than 360 nm. The hole injection efficiency for DUV LEDs is co-affected by the p-type ohmic contact, the p-type hole injection layer, the p-type electron blocking layer and the multiple quantum wells. In this report, we review a large diversity of advances that are currently adopted to increase the hole injection efficiency for DUV LEDs. Moreover, by disclosing the underlying device physics, the design strategies that we can follow have also been suggested to improve the hole injection for DUV LEDs.
An Integrated Heterodyne Optical Phase-locked Loop with Record Offset Locking Frequency (2014)

A highly-integrated optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) is realized by photonic and electronic integration. The experiment shows the full functionality of this heterodyne OPLL and 25 GHz offset locking frequency is achieved.
Decomposition of Hydroperoxides derived from Terpinolene and α-Pinene under Various Conditions (1958)

The following work was undertaken in order to clarify the products and mechanism of decomposition of hydroperoxides (HPO) derived from terpinolene and a-pinene under various conditions. These HPO were prepared by reactions of terpinolene or a-pinene with oxygen in the presence of benzoylperoxide at 10-600C, and used as decomposition samples without removing the unreacted terpenes. For both HPO, thermal decomposition, and decomposition by reagents such as ferrous ammonium sulfate, sulfu;ic acid, perchloric acid, potassium hydroxide and potassium permanganate have been examined. Moreover, HPO from a-pinene has been decomposed in the presence of heavy rnetal salts such as Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Znand Pb-stearate as a catalyzer. Each reaction was carried out below 1000C. After removing the reagents or the catalyzers, the reaction products were fractionated in vacuo and identified by means of chemical methods and infra-red absorption spectrum. In the case of decomposition by heat or ferrous ammonium sulfate, HPO yields mainly piperitenone and P-mentha-1, 4(8)-dien-e-ol for terpinolene and verbenone and trans-verbenol for a-pinene respectively. When sulfuric acid or perchloric acid was used the major products were these ketones for each HPO. In the alkaline decomposition of both HPO each alcohol above described was formed exclusively. These results show that the decomposition of these HPO proceeds through radical in the first case, cationic in the second and anionic intermediate in the third. The fact that the acid catalyzed decomposition gives a small amount of organic acid, indicates that opening of cyclohexene ring pqrtly takes place. The behaviour of the decomposition by potassium permanganate was cornplex and not clear, ・ In the decomposition of HPO of a-pinene catalyzed by the heavy metal salts, the products were similar to those in the thermal decomposition. The catalytic eMciency of these heavy metal salts on the decomposition of HPO derived from ec-pinene decreases in the order: Co>Mn > Pb>Ni > Fe, Cu, Zn and this result is in well accordance with that of the decomposition of cyclohexane HPO catalyzed by laurinate of heavy metal obtained by Pritzkowi).
Distinctive G Protein-Dependent Signaling by Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) in Smooth Muscle: Feedback Inhibition of RhoA by cAMP-Independent PKA (2013)

We examined expression of protease-activated receptors 2 (PAR2) and characterized their signaling pathways in rabbit gastric muscle cells. The PAR2 activating peptide SLIGRL (PAR2-AP) stimulated Gq, G13, Gi1, PI hydrolysis, and Rho kinase activity, and inhibited cAMP formation. Stimulation of PI hydrolysis was partly inhibited in cells expressing PAR2 siRNA, Gaq or Gai minigene and in cells treated with pertussis toxin, and augmented by expression of dominant negative regulator of G protein signaling (RGS4(N88S)). Stimulation of Rho kinase activity was abolished by PAR-2 or Ga13 siRNA, and by Ga13 minigene. PAR2-AP induced a biphasic contraction; initial contraction was selectively blocked by the inhibitor of PI hydrolysis (U73122) or MLC kinase (ML-9), whereas sustained contraction was selectively blocked by the Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632). PAR2-AP induced phosphorylation of MLC20, MYPT1 but not CPI-17. PAR2-AP also caused a decrease in the association of NF-kB and PKA catalytic subunit: the effect of PAR2-AP was blocked by PAR2 siRNA or phosphorylation-deficient RhoA (RhoA(S188A)). PAR2-AP-induced degradation of IkBa and activation of NF-kB were abolished by the blockade of RhoA activity by Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme suggesting RhoA-dependent activation of NF-kB. PAR2-AP-stimulated Rho kinase activity was significantly augmented by the inhibitors of PKA (myristoylated PKI), IKK2 (IKKIV) or NF-kB (MG132), and in cells expressing dominant negative mutants of IKK (IKK(K44A), IkBa (IkBa (S32A/S36A)) or RhoA(S188A), suggesting feedback inhibition of Rho kinase activity via PKA derived from NF-kB pathway. PAR2-AP induced phosphorylation of RhoA and the phosphorylation was attenuated in cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient RhoA(S188A). Our results identified signaling pathways activated by PAR2 to mediate smooth muscle contraction and a novel pathway for feedback inhibition of PAR2-stimulated RhoA. The pathway involves activation of the NF-kB to release catalytic subunit of PKA from its binding to IkBa and phosphorylation of RhoA at Ser(188).
Proppant Suspension in Acid Emulsions for Well Stimulation (2014)

Field applications of combined acid and proppant fracturing (CAPF) have increasingly been used since being originally proposed more than 30 years ago. Combining the deep wormholing ability of acidizing with proppant transportation, CAPF is a natural progression used to create highly effective stimulation of carbonate reservoirs. One obstacle related to effective usage of acid proppant treatment methods has been the production of effective proppant transport and reduction of proppant screenout. An effective solution is to use an invert emulsion acid (IEA), where a high volumetric ratio of acid is used as the internal phase and base oil as the continuous, or external, phase in the emulsion. This can provide both a sufficiently structured system for proppant transport and retardation of the acid action in the fracture. However, as is common, a balance must be maintained between sufficient proppant transport and over-treatment of the system, which can cause wellbore damage. Recent work performed by Oliveira et al. 1 demonstrated improved retardation of the acid and effective stimulation during core flow testing using an IEA with added polymers for emulsion stability and rheological control. For this study, a similar formulation was used to investigate the potential for proppant transport. The sedimentation velocities of particles in water-in-oil emulsions were measured using a CCD camera and automatic particle-tracking software. The effect of different flow parameters on the sedimentation rate, including strain magnitude of oscillatory shear and the strain rate of continuous shear, was of particular interest. The interplay between the sedimentation rate, flow conditions, and emulsion properties is discussed.
Video image stereo matching using phase-locked loop techniques (1986)

A hardware system for performing video image stereo matching is proposed which utilizes phase-locked loop techniques to eliminate the intensive computations characteristic of many stereo matching algorithms. An initial evaluation of the technique is presented. The proposed hardware system is simulated in software on a VAX-II/730 minicomputer and is used to determine the disparity between a stereo pair of digitized video images. Potential hardware design problems and their possible solutions are discussed. The proposed stereo image matching technique promises to provide stereo disparity information at standard video frame rates using currently available integrated circuits.
Thermochemical hydrogen generation of indium oxide thin films (2017)

Development of alternative energy resources is an urgent requirement to alleviate current energy constraints. As such, hydrogen gas is gaining attention as a future alternative energy source to address existing issues related to limited energy resources and air pollution. In this study, hydrogen generation by a thermochemical water-splitting process using two types of In2O3 thin films was investigated. The two In2O3 thin films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sputtering deposition systems contained different numbers of oxygen vacancies, which were directly related to hydrogen generation. The as-grown In2O3 thin film prepared by CVD generated a large amount of hydrogen because of its abundant oxygen vacancies, while that prepared by sputtering had few oxygen vacancies, resulting in low hydrogen generation. Increasing the temperature of the In2O3 thin film in the reaction chamber caused an increase in hydrogen generation. The oxygen-vacancy-rich In2O3 thin film is expected to provide a highly effective production of hydrogen as a sustainable and efficient energy source.
Pupil Size and Problem Solving (1968)

Pupil size changes were monitored during the solution of various types of problems. A number of solution and response strategies were required of the subject. There was strong confirmation of the theory that this autonomic index can provide a sensitive measure of the fluctuating levels of attention and arousal, which are associated with the various aspects of information processing and response.
Time-gated transillumination of biological tissues and tissuelike phantoms (1994)

The applicability and limits of time-resolved transillumination to determine the internal details of biological tissues are investigated by phantom experiments. By means of line scans across a sharp edge, the spatial resolution (Δx) and its dependence on the time-gate width (Δt) can be determined. Additionally, measurements of completely absorbing bead pairs embedded in a turbid medium demonstrate the physical resolution in a more realistic case. The benefit of time resolution is especially high for a turbid medium with a comparatively small reduced scattering coefficient of approximately µ(s)' = 0.12 mm(-1). Investigations with partially absorbing beads and filled plastic tubes demonstrate the high sensitivity of time-resolving techniques with respect to spatial variations in scattering or absorption coefficients that are due to the embedded disturber. In particular, it is shown that time gating is sensitive to variations in scattering coefficients.