gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiosity and Global Illumination (1994)

Radiosity &amp; Global Illumination is a more theoretical coverage of global illumination. It has less code, but covers more topics than A Programmer's Perspective. In addition to the fundamental radiosity technique, this book discusses issues with control and complexity, and Monte Carlo techniques. Along with Peter Shirley's book, this provides fairly good coverage of the theory and practice of ray tracing based global illumination algorithms.
A Readily Implemented Single-Error-Correcting Unit-Distance Counting Code (1970)

A new unit-distance counting code (similar to the Gray code but having error-checking properties) that offers distinct advantages in the simplicity of the digital equipment required for encoding and decoding is described. This code has application in several special areas of information processing. It is generated by a particular generalization of the family of Gray codes, which has no error- checking features, but shares with the Gray code a simple conversion relationship to the conventional binary counting code. The new code is derived, and its error-checking and code conversion properties are proven by simple combinatorial arguments. The code has a total of K(m)= 2.2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m/2</sup> code words of m digits each (m any even integer). It may be employed for correction of single errors or for the detection of double errors.
Influence de la polymérisation de la <scp>d</scp>‐aminoacide oxidase sur le comportement de l'enzyme immobilisée sur chitosane par fixation covalente (1988)

D-Amino-acid oxidase is a flavoprotein using FAD as cofactor. The enzyme has been immobilized in the presence of FAD on a non-porous matrix: chitosan. This support is covalently bound to the enzyme with glutaraldehyde as cross-linking reagent. It is characterized by a good mechanical resistance to mechanical stirring. The enzymatic assays have been performed in batch reactor with D-phenylglycine as substrate by a spectrophotometric method which is based on the variation of the absorbance at 252 or 280 nm. The behaviour of the biocatalysts has been studied during repeated assays of 1 h at 25 degrees C in the absence of exogenous FAD. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained with the soluble enzyme tested in the presence or in the absence of FAD. The dependence of D-amino-acid oxidase on FAD concentration has been studied. Immobilized enzyme on chitosan appears to be less sensitive to the association-dissociation equilibrium of FAD. This property and the capacity of the enzyme to polymerize spontaneously in solution according to the experimental conditions have been established. The fact that the enzyme can exist in various oligomeric forms is of major importance because its catalytic expression is dependent of this phenomenon. The polymerization is known to be responsible for a decrease of the maximal rate V of the enzyme. It has also been shown that in the same way this decrease was accompanied by an improvement of the affinity of enzyme for substrates. Furthermore, the value of the dissociation constant of the apoenzyme-FAD complex is significantly smaller as the degree of polymerization is high. The conclusion is that the dissociation of the cofactor can be avoided if the immobilization step is carried out at high concentration of enzyme which is favourable to its polymerization.
Composite nanofiber mats consisting of hydroxyapatite and titania for biomedical applications (2010)

Composite nanofiber mats (HA/TiO2) consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titania (TiO2) were fabricated via an electrospinning technique and then collagen (type I) was immobilized on the surface of the HA/TiO2 composite nanofiber mat to improve tissue compatibility. The structure and morphology of the collagen-immobilized composite nanofiber mat (HA/TiO2-col) was investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The potential of the HA/TiO2-col composite nanofiber mat for use as a bone scaffold was assessed by an experiment with osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The results showed that the HA/TiO2-col composite nanofiber mats possess better cell adhesion and significantly higher proliferation and differentiation than untreated HA/TiO2 composite nanofiber mats. This result suggests that the HA/TiO2-col composite nanofiber mat has a high-potential for use in the field of bone regeneration and tissue engineering.
Fluid Sampling under Adverse Conditions (1998)

Valid samples are essential to the proper description of reservoir fluids; if the samples are not representative, all measurements on them will be invalid. This paper discusses the principal challenges facing fluid sampling including gas condensate reservoirs, compositional gradients, water content of hydrocarbon fluids, asphaltene deposition, wax formation, oil base mud contamination, and reactive components. It also reports the major technological advances recently made in this field. It reviews developments in sampling techniques such as MDT-type tools, new DST sampling tools, coiled tubing sampling, and isokinetic techniques, and it highlights common limitations. The value of making proper use of existing technology is emphasized, both with traditional techniques and new developments, with reference to correct well conditioning, interpretation of field data, and especially to optimum handling of samples. The paper emphasizes the need for better exchange of sampling knowledge between organizations, and highlights the lack of up-to-date industry standards with respect to fluid sampling. A solution is proposed in the form of a joint industry project to identify and document best practices.
Autophagy facilitates organelle clearance during differentiation of human erythroblasts (2013)

Wholesale depletion of membrane organelles and extrusion of the nucleus are hallmarks of mammalian erythropoiesis. Using quantitative EM and fluorescence imaging we have investigated how autophagy contributes to organelle removal in an ex vivo model of human erythroid differentiation. We found that autophagy is induced at the polychromatic erythroid stage, and that autophagosomes remain abundant until enucleation. This stimulation of autophagy was concomitant with the transcriptional upregulation of many autophagy genes: of note, expression of all ATG8 mammalian paralog family members was stimulated, and increased expression of a subset of ATG4 family members (ATG4A and ATG4D) was also observed. Stable expression of dominant-negative ATG4 cysteine mutants (ATG4B (C74A) ; ATG4D (C144A) ) did not markedly delay or accelerate differentiation of human erythroid cells; however, quantitative EM demonstrated that autophagosomes are assembled less efficiently in ATG4B (C74A) -expressing progenitor cells, and that cells expressing either mutant accumulate enlarged amphisomes that cannot be degraded. The appearance of these hybrid autophagosome/endosome structures correlated with the contraction of the lysosomal compartment, suggesting that the actions of ATG4 family members (particularly ATG4B) are required for the control of autophagosome fusion with late, degradative compartments in differentiating human erythroblasts.
Anti‐tumour effects of nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid, on gastric cancer include: antiproliferative effects, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle deregulation (2004)

Although the effective dose and administration route of nobiletin require further investigation, our study represents a potential successful linking of this compound with the treatment of gastric cancer.
The Berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem using a CP approach (2013)

This paper considers the combination of berth and crane allocation problems in container terminals. We propose a novel approach based on constraint programming which is able to model many realistic operational constraints. The costs for berth allocation, crane allocation, time windows, breaks and transition times during gang movements are optimized simultaneously. The model is based on a resource view where gangs are consumed by vessel activities. Side constraints are added independently around this core model. The model is richer than the state of the art in the operations research community. Experiments show that the model produces solutions with a cost gap of 1/10 (7,8%) to 1/5 (18,8%) compared to an ideal operational setting where operational constraints are ignored.
cAMP and Mitochondria (2013)

Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins has emerged as a major regulatory mechanism for metabolic adaptation. cAMP signaling and PKA phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins have just started to be investigated, and the presence of cAMP-generating enzymes and PKA inside mitochondria is still controversial. Here, we discuss the role of cAMP in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics through protein phosphorylation and the evidence for soluble adenylyl cyclase as the source of cAMP inside mitochondria.
Free Radical Terpolymerization of Trans‐Anethole, Maleic Anhydride and N‐Ethylmaleimide (2005)

Trans‐anethole (ANE) and maleic anhydride (MSA) do not homopolymerize in tetrahydrofuran and in chloroform with α,α′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. In comparison, N‐ethylmaleimide (NEMI) is homopolymerized very slowly. From these monomers, three binary systems have been studied and their copolymerization ratios were determined at 60°C: ANE/MSA (r 1=0.002, r 2=0.001 (in THF)), ANE/NEMI (r 1=0.033, r 2=0.284 (in THF) and r 1=0.079, r 2=0.097(in CHCl3)) and MSA/NEMI (r 1=0.158, r 2=1.676 (in THF) and r 1=0.070, r 2=2.677 (in CHCl3)). The terpolymerization of these three monomers results in polymers with more than 50 mol% acceptor‐monomer (MSA, NEMI) units. The equilibrium constants for the formation of charge‐transfer complexes between the donor(ANE) and the acceptors(MSA or NEMI) were determined with the 1H‐NMR method KI(ANE/MSA)=0.12 and 0.09, respectively. KII(ANE/NEMI)=0.07 and 0.04 in THF and CHCl3). According to the model of the simultaneous participation of free monomers and complexes, the equations for the overall polymerization rate of co‐ and terpolymerization, with participation of one homopolymerizable monomer, were derived at the first time. The participation of free monomers and complexes to the polymerization process were determined via kinetic measurements. At low monomer concentrations, free monomers dominate, and at high monomer concentrations, the more active complexes determine the overall polymerization rate. The maximum polymerization rate was not always at the 1∶1‐monomer composition and changes with the monomer concentration. The solvent effect on the polymer compositions and on the polymerization kinetics was discussed.
Large Margin Deep Networks for Classification (2018)

We present a formulation of deep learning that aims at producing a large margin classifier. The notion of margin, minimum distance to a decision boundary, has served as the foundation of several theoretically profound and empirically successful results for both classification and regression tasks. However, most large margin algorithms are applicable only to shallow models with a preset feature representation; and conventional margin methods for neural networks only enforce margin at the output layer. Such methods are therefore not well suited for deep networks. In this work, we propose a novel loss function to impose a margin on any chosen set of layers of a deep network (including input and hidden layers). Our formulation allows choosing any norm on the metric measuring the margin. We demonstrate that the decision boundary obtained by our loss has nice properties compared to standard classification loss functions. Specifically, we show improved empirical results on the MNIST, CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets on multiple tasks: generalization from small training sets, corrupted labels, and robustness against adversarial perturbations. The resulting loss is general and complementary to existing data augmentation (such as random/adversarial input transform) and regularization techniques (such as weight decay, dropout, and batch norm).
The major heat-shock protein (hsp70) gene family: related sequences in mouse, Drosophila, and yeast (1983)

Heat shock induces the synthesis of a 70-kdalton protein in Escherichia coli, Drosophila, yeast, and mouse. We show that the genes for this heat-shock protein in mouse, yeast, and Drosophila share extensive sequence homology as determined by heteroduplex formation at different stringencies. We calculate that the heat-shock gene homology is 74% between yeast and Drosophila and 85% between mouse and Drosophila. The organization of the six copies of the Drosophila gene for the 70-kdalton heat-shock protein at two separate loci is summarized and evidence is presented that the yeast and mouse genomes each contain multiple copies of sequences related to the Drosophila gene for the 70-kdalton heat-shock protein. These results demonstrate that not only the sequence but also the repetitive organization of the major heat-shock genes is conserved.
Dithiocarbamate RAFT agents with broad applicability – the 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbodithioates (2015)

The RAFT agents offer<italic>Đ</italic>< 1.1 for MAMs, methyl acrylate (MA),<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and styrene, and<italic>Đ</italic>< 1.3 for LAMs, vinyl acetate (VAc); versatility and end-group fidelity was proved with synthesis both polyDMA-<italic>block</italic>-polyMA and polyDMA-<italic>block</italic>-polyVAc.
Introduction to the wire-speed processor and architecture (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we introduce the wire-speed processor (WSP) project, an advanced development project led by IBM Research and the IBM Systems and Technology Group. The WSP represents a generic processor architecture in which processing cores, hardware accelerators, and I/O functions are closely coupled in a system on a chip. The first implementation of the WSP architecture targets applications operating at “wire speed” (i.e., speeds in which the data are transmitted and processed at the maximum speed allowed by the hardware). These applications include those that involve routers, firewalls, intrusion-prevention systems, and other network analytics. The WSP combines 16 multithreaded IBM PowerPC® cores with special-purpose dedicated accelerators optimized for packet processing, security, pattern matching, compression, Extensible Markup Language (XML) parsing, and I/O for networking that provides four 10-Gb/s bidirectional network links. In this paper, we describe the various system components, the underlying design philosophy involving close integration of these components, and the special system features that were developed to achieve this close integration. </para>
A Proposal for a Classification System of Enuresis Based on Overnight Simultaneous Monitoring of Electroencephalography and Cystometry (1989)

A classification system of enuresis was proposed based on the overnight simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) and cystometric (CM) monitoring of 204 cases. The classification types proposed were as follows: (a) Type I (125 cases, 61%). The first bladder contraction (FBC) in CM is noticed on cystometrogram (CMG) during Stage 4 sleep when the bladder is full. An evidence of arousals in EEG appears and EEG changes to a Stage 1 or 2 sleep pattern; however, enuresis occurs without waking. (b) Type IIa (22 cases, 11%). FBC is noticed as in Type I, but no EEG response is observed; enuresis occurs. (c) Type IIb (57 cases, 28%). An uninhibited contraction of the bladder is observed on CMG only during sleep (not on awakening). No change in either FBC or EEG is found, but enuresis occurs. It is expected that new methods of treatment for enuresis will be developed based on this classification system.
Studies on bicyclononanes. Part V. Formation of substituted bicyclononanes from enamines (1968)

The reaction of the enamines of 4-alkylcyclohexanones with acraldehyde, of cinnamaldehyde with 1-morpholinocyclohexene, and a stereospecific synthesis of cis-3-methylcyclo-octanol are described. The reaction of a cyclohex-3-enyl halide with a Grignard reagent is shown to lead to axial products. An explanation is proposed for the steric course of certain Michael additions.
Adaptive Distribution of Vocabulary Frequencies: A Novel Estimation Suitable for Social Media Corpus (2014)

This paper aims to propose a mathematical model that evaluates the distribution of the vocabulary frequency terms in proportion to a probabilistic ideal. Once we are able to evaluate it, the main objective of this work is to use it in order to examine text demising. We propose this new metric based on the classic Zipf's law statistic method. The experimental set to test the classic Zipf's law and our developed model is based on some books of the classic literature and some tweets sets of Twitter. Thus, our main result is that the model proposed in this work is more sensitive to the presence of text noises than Zipf's law and is asymptotically quicker, suitable to corpus of social media networks.
From Solving Puzzles to Designing Solutions: Integrating Design Thinking into Evidence Based Practice (2011)

No abstract.
Dialogue Generation in Character-Based Interactive Storytelling (2005)

In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing Interactive Storytelling systems, in particular in terms of the underlying AI techniques. There has been an emerging consensus on the AI approach, in particular the use of planning systems. However, these have concentrated on the generation of a sequence of narrative actions, staged through the behaviour of virtual actors. In order to achieve the long-term objective of implementing interactive media that would reproduce the aesthetic qualities of traditional films, most interactive storytelling systems are still missing the ability to generate dialogues between characters. We describe an extension of our Interactive Storytelling approach which integrates dialogue generation within narrative situations. Our unit of generation is the dialogue act (pair of utterances) and one main objective is to reproduce realistic dialogue phenomena based on implicit forms of expression. The emphasis is also on adopting a unified approach relating narrative representations to the linguistic form of the generated utterances. From a representation of active narrative goals and the emotional affinity between characters, our system is able to derive a set of parameters governing various aspects of the linguistic form to be generated. We illustrate this approach on several implemented examples.
Wide-Band Tuning of the Gain Spectra of One-Pump Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifiers (2004)

By suitably choosing the fiber properties, and by tuning the pump wavelength near the fiber zero-dispersion wavelength, one can in principle generate a wide variety of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier gain spectra. These can range from a very wide single region to two symmetric narrow gain regions far away from the pump. We have experimentally verified these predictions. With a highly nonlinear fiber, we have inferred the existence of gain over a single 400-nm region and measured a maximum on-off gain of 65 dB. With a common dispersion-shifted fiber, we have obtained tunable gain regions less than 1 nm wide, up to 200 nm from the pump; we have also shifted these by several nanometers by lowering the fiber temperature to 0/spl deg/C.
<b>Thermodynamic Data for Iodine Adducts with a Series of Substituted N,N-Dimethylamides</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic Data for Iodine Adducts with a Series of Substituted N,N-DimethylamidesRussell S. Drago, Donald A. Wenz, and Robert L. CarlsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 7, 1106–1109Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00866a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00866a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereoselective Conjugate Radical Additions:  Application of a Fluorous Oxazolidinone Chiral Auxiliary for Efficient Tin Removal (2005)

[reaction: see text] A series of asymmetric free-radical-mediated intermolecular conjugate additions using a fluorous oxazolidinone chiral auxiliary has been completed. The fluorous auxiliary facilitated product isolation using fluorous solid phase extractions (FSPE), effectively removing excess organic and organometallic reagents. Parallel reactions carried out with a similar but nonfluorous norephedrine-derived oxazolidinone demonstrated the superior stereoselectivity and purification obtainable with the fluorous chiral auxiliary.
Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Lithium Ion Battery Active Materials—A Proof-of-Concept Study (2020)

The lithium-ion battery is the most powerful energy storage technology for portable and mobile devices. The enormous demand for lithium-ion batteries is accompanied by an incomplete recycling loop for used lithium-ion batteries and excessive mining of Li and transition metals. The hyperaccumulation of plants represents a low-cost and green technology to reduce environmental pollution of landfills and disused mining regions with low environmental regulations. To examine the capabilities of these approaches, the hyperaccumulation selectivity of Alyssum murale for metals in electrode materials (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li) was evaluated. Plants were cultivated in a conservatory for 46 days whilst soils were contaminated stepwise with dissolved transition metal species via the irrigation water. Up to 3 wt% of the metals was quantified in the dry matter of different plant tissues (leaf, stem, root) by means of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy after 46 days of exposition time. The lateral distribution was monitored by means of micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, revealing different storage behaviors for low and high metal contamination, as well as varying sequestration mechanisms for the four investigated metals. The proof-of-concept regarding the phytoextraction of metals from LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode particles in the soil was demonstrated.