gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The NLMS Algorithm in Block Floating-Point Format (2004)

We present a novel scheme to implement the normalized least mean square algorithm in block floating-point (BFP) format, which permits processing of data over a wide dynamic range, at a cost significantly less than that of a floating-point processor. Appropriate BFP formats for both the data and the filter coefficients are adopted. Care is taken so that the chosen formats remain invariant to interblock transition and weight-updating operation, respectively. Care is also taken to prevent overflow during filtering, as well as weight-updating processes, by using a dynamic scaling of the data and a slightly reduced range for the step size control parameter, with the latter having negligible effect on convergence speed.
Collagen nerve protector in rat sciatic nerve repair: A morphometric and histological analysis (2010)

Peripheral nerve repair is often complicated by fibroblastic scar formation, nerve dysfunction, and traumatic neuroma formation. Use of bio-absorbable protective wraps may improve outcomes of these repairs. This study histologically compared the incidence of neuroma formation, connective tissue proliferation, and axonal regrowth in transected rat sciatic nerves repaired with and without tubular collagen nerve sleeves. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral sharp sciatic nerve transection and microscopic nerve repair with four epineural sutures and were randomly treated with or without an encircling collagen nerve sleeve. Normal nerves from the contralateral sciatic nerve were also examined. At sacrifice three months later, the nerves were evaluated for traumatic neuroma formation, perineural scar formation, and morphometric analysis. Histological examination of normal and repaired nerves by a neuropathologist demonstrated healing, minimal Wallerian degeneration and no traumatic neuroma formation. Distal section analysis (nine nonwrapped, 10 wrapped), revealed no significant differences in total fascicular area, myelinated fibers per nerve, fiber density, myelin area per nerve, myelinated fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin thickness, or G-ratio. Significantly greater (P = 0.005) inner epineural connective tissue formation was observed in nonwrapped nerves (0.62 mm(2) +/- 0.2) versus wrapped nerves (0.35 mm(2) +/- 0.16). The ratio of connective tissue to fascicular area was larger in nonwrapped (1.08 +/- 0.26) versus wrapped nerves (0.63 +/- 0.22) (P < 0.001). This study demonstrated decreased inner epineural connective tissue formation with use of a collagen nerve wrap during primary repair of peripheral nerve transection in a rat sciatic nerve model.
CRM1 As a New Therapeutic Target For Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2013)

Abstract Background The nuclear export protein chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) may play a role in human neoplasia and serve as a novel target for cancer treatment. Investigators recently developed orally bioavailable selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) that irreversibly bind to CRM1 and block its function. Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the novel SINEs KPT-185 and KPT-276 against NHL in vitro and in vivo and elucidate the mechanism of CRM1 inhibitor-mediated antitumor activity. Methods Cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated in 8 B and T cell lymphoma cell lines (Jeko-1, Mino, Granta519, Sp53, RL, Hut102, Hut78 and Jurkat) which were treated with KPT-185; Primary tumor cells from 5 patients and normal human lymphocytes from 2 healthy volunteers were treated directly with KPT-185. Tumor suppressor proteins were detected by western blot to explore the possible mechanisms of KPT-185 inducing lymphoma cells growth inhibition and apoptosis. BALB/c nude mice bearing Jeko-1 tumors were treated orally with KPT-276 (similar structure to KPT-185, but improved animal pharmacokinetics) to examine the efficacy and side-effects of KPT-276. Results KPT-185 displayed potent antiproliferative properties at submicromolar concentrations (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations, 60-120 nM) and induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in NHL cell lines and normal lymphocytes. The antitumor activity mainly consisted of regulating cell growth and apoptosis mechanisms by inducing caspase cleavage and downregulating the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as CRM1, nuclear factor-kB, and survivin. Furthermore, oral administration of KPT-276 significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice with NHL xenografts without any major toxic effects (P < 0.001). Analysis of tumor remnants in the mice demonstrated that KPT-276 trapped the antiapoptoic protein survivin within the nuclei of NHL cells. Conclusions We observed the biologic and pharmacologic activity of CRM1-inhibiting SINEs in NHL cells, primary NHL tumor samples, and a murine NHL xenograft model. SINE CRM1 inhibitors inhibited growth of lymphoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor activity of the SINEs resulted primarily from induction of caspase activity and downregulation of expression of antiapoptoic proteins such as survivin and NF-kB. The preclinical in vitro and in vivo results reported herein support further study of CRM1-inhibiting SINEs as novel therapeutics for NHL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells. Capture and Transport of Photogenerated Electrons (2007)

Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) architecture when employed as conducting scaffolds in a TiO2 semiconductor based photoelectrochemical cell can boost the photoconversion efficiency by a factor of 2. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were dispersed on SWCNT films to improve photoinduced charge separation and transport of carriers to the collecting electrode surface. The shift of approximately 100 mV in apparent Fermi level of the SWCNT-TiO2 system as compared to the unsupported TiO2 system indicates the Fermi level equilibration between the two systems. The interplay between the TiO2 and SWCNT of attaining charge equilibration is an important factor for improving photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured semiconductor based solar cells. The feasibility of employing a SWCNT-TiO2 composite to drive the water photoelectrolysis reaction has also been explored.
Sonic hedgehog rescues cranial neural crest from cell death induced by ethanol exposure (2002)

Alcohol is a teratogen that induces a variety of abnormalities including brain and facial defects [Jones, K. & Smith, D. (1973) Lancet 2, 999-1001], with the exact nature of the deficit depending on the time and magnitude of the dose of ethanol to which developing fetuses are exposed. In addition to abnormal facial structures, ethanol-treated embryos exhibit a highly characteristic pattern of cell death. Dying cells are observed in the premigratory and migratory neural crest cells that normally populate most facial structures. The observation that blocking Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling results in similar craniofacial abnormalities prompted us to examine whether there was a link between this aspect of fetal alcohol syndrome and loss of Shh. We demonstrate that administration of ethanol to chick embryos results in a dramatic loss of Shh, as well as a loss of transcripts involved in Shh signaling pathways. In contrast, other signaling molecules examined do not demonstrate such dramatic changes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both the ethanol-induced cranial neural crest cell death and the associated craniofacial growth defect can be rescued by application of Shh. These data suggest that craniofacial anomalies resulting from fetal alcohol exposure are caused at least partially by loss of Shh and subsequent neural crest cell death.
A fast, flexible, positive and negative adaptive body-bias generator in 28nm FDSOI (2016)

This work demonstrates a fully-integrated, compact body-bias generator (BBG) with a fine voltage step and sub-100ns response time for use in process and voltage compensation as well as dynamic energy optimization. The generator is implemented in 28nm UTBB FDSOI, using only 1.0V core and 1.8V IO voltage inputs. A modular design enables easy integration into target mobile SoCs, scalable to power domains of any size. The fine resolution (5mV V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ), 100ns full-scale and 5ns incremental step response, low power (<;10μW), and 1.2% area overhead enable fine-grained adaptive body-biasing (ABB). The ability to dynamically track a target frequency within 1% for 200mV of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CORE</sub> change is demonstrated experimentally.
Susceptibility of nonictalurid fishes to experimental infection with Edwardsieiia ictalun (1990)

Studies were conducted to determine the potential pathogenicity of Edwardsiella ictaluri to economically important nonictalurid fishes in California, USA. White sturgeon Ac~penser transmontanus, striped bass Morone saxatilis, and chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were immersionchallenged in parallel with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. During a 14 d period, chlnook salmon and channel catfish succumbed to ~nfechons with E, ictalun but the other species did not. An immersion exposure to 4.0 and 7.9 X 10' cfu rill-' of E. ictalun for 30 S resulted in a 92 and 48 % mortality among chinook salmon and rainbow trout 0 . mykiss, respectively. A Gram-negahve septicemia occurred m infected fishes, and pure cultures of E. ictaluri were recovered from dead and surviving fish. There was a moderate to severe necrosis of the Liver and kidney in both salmonids and channel catfish. Intracellular bacteria occurred within mononuclear Inflammatory cells and hepatocytes. These results suggest that E. ictaluri is a potential pathogen of salmonid fishes.
Suppression of MTHFD2 in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Increases Glycolysis, Dependency on Exogenous Glycine, and Sensitivity to Folate Depletion (2016)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (MTHFD2) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in folate metabolism. A number of recent studies have highlighted this enzyme as being highly expressed in many solid tumors, including breast cancer, and to be correlated with poor survival. However, the metabolic functions of MTHFD2 in cancer cells have not been well-defined. To investigate the function of MTHFD2 in breast cancer cells, we generated and characterized MCF-7 cells with stable suppression of MTHFD2 expression using a combination of cellular assays and metabolic profiling. Loss of MTHFD2 caused MCF7 cells to become glycine auxotrophs, that is, reliant on exogenous glycine, and more sensitive to exogenous folate depletion. Another prominent metabolic alteration observed as a consequence of MTHFD2 suppression was a more glycolytic phenotype, consistent with widespread modifications of cellular metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting MTHFD2 activity is likely to influence multiple metabolic pathways in breast cancer and could be combined with a range of antimetabolite therapies.
Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells by N6-benzyladenosine (2000)

Treatment of HL-60 cells with micromolar concentrations of N6-benzyladenosine (N6-benzylaminopurine riboside [BAPR]) led to the occurrence of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation period as short as 2 h in the presence of BAPR was sufficient for triggering irreversible changes leading to apoptosis even after the transfer of cells to the standard medium (without BAPR). Cell death induced by BAPR proceeded rapidly and in a very synchronous fashion. Detailed study of temporal changes in a chromatin structure and DNA integrity showed that the movement of chromatin toward the nuclear periphery is the fundamental event within dying cells. We demonstrated that this rearrangement of chromatin is irreversible and it takes place without apparent DNA degradation. The extensive DNA cleavage seems to be a rather late event, as it was observed in cells that exhibited a typical apoptotic morphology (apoptotic bodies). On the basis of temporal changes in the ATP level within dying cells, it is concluded that ATP is essential for the movement of chromatin toward the nuclear envelope but not for the subsequent chromatin condensation leading to the formation of apoptotic bodies. DNA fragmentation also seems to be ATP independent. BAPR interfered with neither pyrimidine nor purine biosynthesis, as none of the tested bases and the corresponding nucleosides prevented or reduced apoptosis in BAPR-treated cells. Adenosine was the only exception that substantially reduced the effect of BAPR. Since transport of exogenous adenosine into cells was essential to manifest its protective effect, we assume that adenosine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine kinase and thus reduces intracellular phosphorylation of BAPR. Indeed, 4-amino-3-iodo-1(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, a potent inhibitor of adenosine kinase, fully prevented BAPR-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that cytotoxic effect of BAPR is related to its activation by phosphorylation within cells, rather than to its interaction with extracellular adenosine receptors. J. Cell. Biochem. 77:6–17, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Differential Expression of AtXTH17, AtXTH18, AtXTH19 and AtXTH20 Genes in Arabidopsis Roots. Physiological Roles in Specification in Cell Wall Construction (2005)

Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are a class of enzymes that are capable of splitting and reconnecting xyloglucan molecules, and are implicated in the construction and restructuring of the cellulose/xyloglucan framework. Thirty-three members of the XTH gene family are found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, but their roles remain unclear. Here, we describe the tissue-specific and growth stage-dependent expression profiles of promoter::GUS fusion constructs for four Arabidopsis XTH genes, AtXTH17, AtXTH18, AtXTH19 and AtXTH20, which are phylogenetically closely related to one another. AtXTH17 and AtXTH18 were expressed in all cell types in the elongating and differentiating region of the root, while AtXTH19 was expressed in the apical dividing and elongating regions, as well as in the differentiation zone, and was up-regulated by auxin. In contrast, AtXTH20 was expressed specifically in vascular tissues in the basal mature region of the root. This expression analysis also disclosed cis-regulatory sequences that are conserved among the four genes, and are responsible for the root-specific expression profile. These results indicate that the four XTH genes, which were generated by gene duplication, have diversified their expression profile within the root in such a way as to take responsibility for particular physiological roles in the cell wall dynamics.
Antipsychotic Effects of Ceruletide (Caerulein) on Chronic Schizophrenia (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —1Recently, Hökfelt et al<sup>1</sup>postulated that an imbalance between cholecystokinin (CCK)-like peptides and dopamine in the mesolimbic dopamine system may be a cause of schizophrenia. Furthermore, they suggested that, when administered, CCK fragments may have beneficial effects on schizophrenia by reducing dopamine hyperactivity in the mesolimbic dopamine system. On the other hand, Zetler<sup>2-4</sup>has demonstrated that CCK-8 and ceruletide (caerulein), a decapeptide chemically related to CCK-8, have neurolepticlike activity in mice. Interestingly, the central depressant effects were elicited by ceruletide in lower doses than by CCK-8. Ceruletide diethylamine is used clinically in radiologie examination of the gallbladder, biliary system, and digestive tract, and in the treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus, intestinal hypotonia, and atonia.<sup>5</sup>We administered ceruletide to 20 chronic schizophrenic inpatients in whom neuroleptic therapy had been ineffective, to investigate the antipsychotic efficacy of CCK-like peptides. All the patients were receiving various neuroleptics during
Millimeter-wave diode-grid frequency doubler (1988)

Monolithic diode grid were fabricated on 2-cm/sup 2/ gallium-arsenide wafers in a proof-of-principle test of a quasi-optical varactor millimeter-wave frequency multiplier array concept. An equivalent circuit model based on a transmission-line analysis of plane wave illumination was applied to predict the array performance. The doubler experiments were performed under far-field illumination conditions. A second-harmonic conversion efficiency of 9.5% and output powers of 0.5 W were achieved at 66 GHz when the diode grid was pumped with a pulsed source at 33 GHz. This grid had 760 Schottky-barrier varactor diodes. The average series resistance was 27 Omega , the minimum capacitance was 18 fF at a reverse breakdown voltage of -3 V. The measurements indicate that the diode grid is a feasible device for generating watt-level powers at millimeter frequencies and that substantial improvement is possible by improving the diode breakdown voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lipid binding from aqueous solution by lipid conjugated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC): a novel food additive for reducing cholesterol and fat intestinal absorption (1988)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1988
Ionic IPNs as novel candidates for highly conductive solid polymer electrolytes (2009)

Abstract Five ionic imidazolium based monomers, namely 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (ILM1), 1‐vinyl‐3‐(diethoxyphosphinyl)‐propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (ILM2), 1‐[2‐(2‐methyl‐acryloyloxy)‐propyl]‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (ILM3), 1‐[2‐(2‐methyl‐acryloyloxy)‐undecyl]‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (ILM4), 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium dicyanamide (ILM5) were prepared and used for the synthesis of linear polymeric ionic liquids (PILs), crosslinked networks with polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on polybutadiene (PB). The ionic conductivities of IPNs prepared using an in situ strategy were found to depend on the ILM nature, T g and the ratio of the other components. Novel ionic IPNs are characterized by increased flexibility, small swelling ability in ionic liquids (ILs) along with high conductivity and preservation of mechanical stability even in a swollen state. The maximum conductivity for a pure IPN was equal to 3.6 × 10 −5 S/cm at 20 °C while for IPN swollen in [1‐Me‐3‐Etim] (CN) 2 N σ reached 8.5 × 10 −3 S/cm at 20 °C or 1.4 × 10 −2 S/cm at 50 °C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4245–4266, 2009
A 2.4-GHz dual-mode resizing power amplifier with a constant conductance output matching (2017)

A 2.4-GHz dual-mode power amplifier with transistor resizing is proposed. The proposed technique keeps the conductance for optimum power-matching constant in both modes. By introducing transformers and capacitors, the 50-ohm load is matched to near-optimal impedances for size-scaling MOS transistors. Using a 0.18-pm CMOS process, the proposed PA demonstrates a PAE enhancement of 2.7×/2.3× respectively at 6.5-dB/9-dB transmitting power back-off.
Design and Evaluation of Three Methods for Testing Extension-Twist-Coupled Laminates (1996)

Elastically tailored composite laminates are those laminates that have been designed with specifically tailored stiffness parameters. These parameters can be sized to give an out-of-plane response to in-plane loading, resulting in deformation modes not found in conventional homogeneous materials. Three different methods of testing extension-twist-coupled specimens are discussed. The benefits and limitations of each of the methods are highlighted. Quantitative results for each of the testing methods using a hygrothermally stable specimen are shown and compared to determine the applicability and suitability of each of the methods. A comparison of data with predictions from a shear deformation sublaminate plate theory and finite element method (FEM) is presented.
Learning compact graph representations via an encoder-decoder network (2019)

Feature representation learning for classification of multiple graphs is a problem with practical applications in many domains. For instance, in chemoinformatics, the learned feature representations of molecular graphs can be used to classify molecules which exhibit anti-cancer properties. In many previous work, including discriminative subgraph mining and graphlet-based approaches, a graph representation is derived by counting the occurrence of various graph sub-structures. However, these representations fail to capture the co-occurrence patterns that are inherently present among different sub-structures. Recently, various methods (e.g., DeepWalk, node2vec) have been proposed to learn representations for nodes in a graph. These methods use node co-occurrence to learn node embeddings. However, these methods fail to capture the co-occurrence relationship between more complex sub-structures in the graph since they were designed primarily for node representation learning. In this work, we study the problem of learning graph representations that can capture the structural and functional similarity of sub-structures (as evidenced by their co-occurrence relationship) in graphs. This is particularly useful when classifying graphs that have very few sub-structures in common. The proposed method uses an encoder-decoder model to predict the random walk sequence along neighboring regions (or sub-structures) in a graph given a random walk along a particular region. The method is unsupervised and can be used to obtain generic feature representations of graphs making it applicable with various types of graphs. We evaluate the learned representations using several real-world datasets on the binary graph classification task. The proposed model is able to achieve superior results against multiple state-of-the-art techniques.
Characterization and correction of system delays and eddy currents for MR imaging with ultrashort echo‐time and time‐varying gradients (2009)

Reconstruction of high-quality MR images requires precise knowledge of the dynamic gradient magnetic fields used to perform spatial encoding. System delays and eddy currents can perturb the gradient fields in both time and space and significantly degrade the image quality for acquisitions with an ultrashort echo time or with rapidly varying readout gradient waveforms. A technique for simultaneously characterizing and correcting the system delay and linear- and zero-order eddy currents of an MR system is proposed. A single set of calibration scans were used to compute a set of system constants that describe the effects of system delays and eddy currents to enable accurate reconstruction of data collected before uncorrected eddy currents have decayed. The ability of the proposed technique to reproducibly characterize small fixed delays (<50 micros) and short-time constant (<1 ms) eddy currents is demonstrated.
Addressing Common Drilling Challenges Using Solid Expandable Tubular Technology (2003)

Abstract Maximizing hole conservation while optimizing well economics in both conventional and deepwater wells is a continual challenge. Solid expandable tubular systems address this challenge and others by applying technology that provides significant solutions. Solid expandable tubular systems have been installed in both openhole and cased-hole wellbores since November 1999. These installations occurred in a variety of well environments on land, offshore, and in deepwater to solve a myriad of drilling and completion challenges. This paper will discuss case histories in depth by describing drilling challenges surrounding the use of solid expandable tubular technology and the conditions leading to the use of this technology.