gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVI1 Abrogates Interferon-α Response by Selectively Blocking PML Induction (2004)

EVI1 is an oncogene frequently associated with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia. In hematopoietic cells, EVI1 impairs several pathways including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a powerful cytokine that controls the immune response and limits the expansion of several tissues including bone marrow. These properties contribute to the effectiveness of IFN-alpha in the treatment of many neoplastic disorders especially chronic myeloid leukemia. We report here that in murine hematopoietic progenitors the expression of EVI1 completely abrogates the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of IFN-alpha. EVI1 does not repress the JAK/STAT signaling pathway or the activation of many IFN-responsive genes. On the contrary, EVI1 prolongs the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the activation of an IFN-dependent reporter gene. However, EVI1 specifically represses the IFN-dependent induction of the tumor suppressor PML and blocks the apoptotic pathways activated by PML. We show that the position of the ISRE, which is located within the first exon of PML, is critical to block PML induction by IFN-alpha. The relocation of the ISRE to a position upstream of the transcription start site is sufficient to re-establish the response to IFN in the presence of EVI1. Our data suggest that stabilized STAT1 phosphorylation and prolonged binding of the STAT1 complex to the first exon could impair PML transcription and inhibit the activation of PML-dependent apoptotic pathways resulting in loss of IFN response. These results point to a novel mechanism utilized by an oncogene to escape normal cell response to growth-controlling cytokines.
Performance of Macro- and Co-Channel Femtocells in a Hierarchical Cell Structure (2007)

In this paper, the feasibility of user deployed femtocells in the same frequency band as an existing macrocell network is investigated. Key requirements for co-channel operation of femtocells such as auto-configuration and public access are discussed. A method for power control for pilot and data that ensures a constant femtocell radius in the downlink and a low pre-definable uplink performance impact to the macrocells is proposed, and the theoretical performance of randomly deployed femtocells in such a hierarchical cell structure is analysed for one example of a cellular UMTS network using system level simulations. The resulting impact on the existing macrocellular network is also investigated.
Swarm Intelligence based Collision Avoidance Between Realistically Modelled UAV Clusters (2007)

In this paper problem of collision avoidance in group of UAVs is addressed. Algorithms for two types of collision avoidance: Group-wise and Individual are successfully developed in the three-dimensional plane using various basic swarming behaviors. Limit on both horizontal and vertical acceleration is applied to cater the hardware constraints of UAV. Effect of these basic laws has also been studied on the group behavior of swarms. It is shown that when cohesion rule is applied an equilibrium condition is reached in which all the UAVs settles down at same height on a circle of constant radius. It is also shown analytically that this equilibrium condition is stable for all values of velocity V and acceleration constant k. Finally, noise of zero mean and standard deviation <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">σ</i> is added to the position of UAVs to study the effect of position uncertainty on group behavior and on both types of collision avoidance.
A solution for minimising vibrations in milling of thin walled casings by applying dampers to workpiece surface (2013)

Milling of large thin walled casings with complex features needs appropriate damping solutions to achieve required workpiece surface quality when utilising aggressive machining parameters. In this paper a novel surface damping solution composed of a thin flexible layer mounted with distributed discrete masses attached with viscoelastic layer is presented. Damping of higher frequencies through a flexible layer and subsequent lower frequencies through added masses enables damping over a wide bandwidth. Finite element modelling and validation of the proposed solution showed a significant damping of workpiece and corresponding reduction in machining vibration by more than four times.
Detecting HTTP Tunnels with Statistical Mechanisms (2007)

Application level gateways and firewalls are commonly used to enforce security policies at network boundaries, especially in large-sized business networks. However, several mechanisms can be used to circumvent these policies and bypass the whole security infrastructure: for example, tunneling an (otherwise blocked) application layer protocol into another one allowed by the policy, such as HTTP. In this paper we propose the application of a statistically-based traffic classification technique to solve this problem. By the analysis of inter-arrival time, size and order of the packets crossing a gateway, we show that it is possible to detect with high accuracy whether an observed flow is carrying a legitimate HTTP session, or the flow is being used to tunnel another protocol. This paper describes how this technique can be used effectively to enhance application level gateways and firewalls, helping to better apply network security policies.
Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Carrying Eimeria maxima Gam56 Antigen Gene against Coccidiosis in Chickens (2013)

To control coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, a DNA vaccine targeting the gametophyte antigen Gam56 from Eimeria maxima in chickens was constructed, and the immunogenicity and protective effects were evaluated. The ORF of Gam56 gene was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(zeo)+. Expression of Gam56 protein in COS-7 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA-Gam56 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly to yellow feathered broilers of 1-week old at 3 dosages (25, 50, and 100 µg/chick). Injection was repeated once 1 week later. One week after the second injection, birds were challenged orally with 5×10(4) sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, then weighed and killed at day 8 post challenge. Blood samples were collected and examined for specific peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum antibody levels. Compared with control groups, the administration of pcDNA-Gam56 vaccine markedly increased the lymphocyte proliferation activity (P<0.05) at day 7 and 14 after the first immunization. The level of lymphocyte proliferation started to decrease on day 21 after the first immunization. A similar trend was seen in specific antibody levels. Among the 3 pcDNA-Gam56 immunized groups, the median dosage group displayed the highest lymphocyte proliferation and antibody levels (P<0.05). The median dosage group had the greatest relative body weight gain (89.7%), and the greatest oocyst shedding reduction (53.7%). These results indicate that median dosage of DNA vaccine had good immunogenicity and immune protection effects, and may be used in field applications for coccidiosis control.
Interfacial Energies for Heterogeneous Nucleation of Calcium Carbonate on Mica and Quartz (2014)

Interfacial free energies often control heterogeneous nucleation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on mineral surfaces. Here we report an in situ experimental study of CaCO3 nucleation on mica (muscovite) and quartz, which allows us to obtain the interfacial energies governing heterogeneous nucleation. In situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) was used to measure nucleation rates at different supersaturations. The rates were incorporated into classical nucleation theory to calculate the effective interfacial energies (α'). Ex situ Raman spectroscopy identified both calcite and vaterite as CaCO3 polymorphs; however, vaterite is the most probable heterogeneous nuclei mineral phase. The α' was 24 mJ/m(2) for the vaterite-mica system and 32 mJ/m(2) for the vaterite-quartz system. The smaller α' of the CaCO3-mica system led to smaller particles and often higher particle densities on mica. A contributing factor affecting α' in our system was the smaller structural mismatch between CaCO3 and mica compared to that between CaCO3 and quartz. The extent of hydrophilicity and the surface charge could not explain the observed CaCO3 nucleation trend on mica and quartz. The findings of this study provide new thermodynamic parameters for subsurface reactive transport modeling and contribute to our understanding of mechanisms where CaCO3 formation on surfaces is of concern.
The influence of seaprose on erythromycin penetration into bronchial mucus in bronchopulmonary infections. (1992)

In bronchopulmonary infections antibiotics can be combined with other drugs, called mucoactive drugs, that act to reduce the abnormal viscoelasticity of the mucus enabling a deeper penetration of more antibiotic into the mucus. Seaprose is a protease that interacts with the polymeric fibrillar structure of the bronchial mucus to shorten the long chains of mucoproteins, DNA and other macromolecules, thus reducing the viscosity of the mucus. In order to assess whether the combination of seaprose (60 mg/8 h) plus erythromycin (500 mg/8 h) allows higher antibiotic levels in sputum than erythromycin (500 mg/8 h) plus placebo, the pharmacokinetic behaviour in sputum and in blood of these two treatments was investigated in a double-blind study in two groups of twenty patients each with bronchopulmonary infections. Serum and sputum levels were determined for each patient at the first and seventh day of the two drug regimens. Statistically significant differences for peak, AUC and MRT, were observed for erythromycin between the first and last dose in the group of patients treated with seaprose plus erythromycin; moreover significant differences for these parameters were observed between the two groups. These findings indicate the presence of a pharmacokinetic synergism between seaprose and erythromycin which allows erythromycin to penetrate bronchial secretion more easily and in higher amounts, performing a sterilizing action with therapeutic advantages.
J0406-4-3 Sensitivity of guided wave for gradually increasing defects to the axial direction of pipes (2009)

Evaluations of axially increasing defects have been carried out with guided waves in 50A pipes. A piezoelectric ring shaped sensor was used to generate and detect the guided waves. Two types (rectangular and round) of defect shapes were evaluated in the experiments. Obtained amplitude was not monotonically increased but was fluctuated with the increase of axial length of the defect. The mechanism of this phenomenon minutely discussed.
Effect of nutmeg on ethanol and d-amphetamine-produced alteration of locomotor activity in the mouse. (1984)

A behavioral performance test was used to assess the effect of a mild nutmeg extract on spontaneous locomotor activity of the mouse. The nutmeg extract was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 17 consecutive days and only moderately reduced motor activity from corresponding control. A nutmeg dosage devoid of action on motility was chosen for short-term administration to mice. These nutmeg treated mice and the saline controls received either a single depressant dosage of ethanol or a stimulant dose of d-amphetamine. Nutmeg treated mice showed potentiation of ethanol-mediated depression on motility compared to controls. The d-amphetamine-produced stimulation of locomotor activity was decreased from controls by the nutmeg treatment. The results indicate that the nutmeg extract preparation used contained ingredients which synergistically interacted with alcohol as contrasted with their antagonism to d-amphetamine. The results suggest a CNS depressant action of nutmeg. Such CNS impairment by nutmeg may conceivably contribute to its toxic interaction with certain substances of abuse and may explain, in part, its addictive potential.
Induction of HIV Transcription by Nef Involves Lck Activation and Protein Kinase Cθ Raft Recruitment Leading to Activation of ERK1/2 but Not NFκB (2008)

The Nef protein of HIV-1 is a key promoter of disease progression, owing to its dramatic yet ill-defined impact on viral replication. Previously, we have shown that Nef enhances Tat-mediated transcription in a manner depending on Lck and the cytoplasmic sequestration of the transcriptional repressor embryonic ectodermal development [corrected]. In this study, we report that Lck is activated by Nef and targets protein kinase Ctheta downstream, leading to the translocation of the kinase into membrane microdomains. Although microdomain-localized protein kinase Ctheta is thought to induce the transcription factor NFkappaB, we unexpectedly failed to correlate Nef-induced signaling events with enhanced NFkappaB activity. Instead, we observed an increase in ERK MAPK activity. We conclude that Nef-mediated signaling cooperates with Nef-induced derepression and supports HIV transcription through an ERK MAPK-dependent, but NFkappaB-independent, pathway.
Myoglobin‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Unprotected Indoles (2018)

Functionalized indoles are recurrent motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. While transition metal-catalyzed carbene transfer has provided an attractive route to afford C3-functionalized indoles, these protocols are viable only in the presence of N-protected indoles, owing to competition from the more facile N-H insertion reaction. Herein, a biocatalytic strategy for enabling the direct C-H functionalization of unprotected indoles is reported. Engineered variants of myoglobin provide efficient biocatalysts for this reaction, which has no precedents in the biological world, enabling the transformation of a broad range of indoles in the presence of ethyl α-diazoacetate to give the corresponding C3-functionalized derivatives in high conversion yields and excellent chemoselectivity. This strategy could be exploited to develop a concise chemoenzymatic route to afford the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin.
The Largest Response Component in the Motor Cortex Reflects Movement Timing but Not Movement Type (2016)

Neural activity in monkey motor cortex (M1) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) can reflect a chosen movement well before that movement begins. The pattern of neural activity then changes profoundly just before movement onset. We considered the prediction, derived from formal considerations, that the transition from preparation to movement might be accompanied by a large overall change in the neural state that reflects when movement is made rather than which movement is made. Specifically, we examined "components" of the population response: time-varying patterns of activity from which each neuron's response is approximately composed. Amid the response complexity of individual M1 and PMd neurons, we identified robust response components that were "condition-invariant": their magnitude and time course were nearly identical regardless of reach direction or path. These condition-invariant response components occupied dimensions orthogonal to those occupied by the "tuned" response components. The largest condition-invariant component was much larger than any of the tuned components; i.e., it explained more of the structure in individual-neuron responses. This condition-invariant response component underwent a rapid change before movement onset. The timing of that change predicted most of the trial-by-trial variance in reaction time. Thus, although individual M1 and PMd neurons essentially always reflected which movement was made, the largest component of the population response reflected movement timing rather than movement type.
Controlled Nitric Oxide Delivery Platform Based on<i>S</i>-Nitrosothiol Conjugated Interpolymer Complexes for Diabetic Wound Healing (2009)

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play a critical role in enhancing wound healing as topical NO administration has demonstrated enhanced wound healing in diabetic animal models. However, this approach has been limited by the short duration of NO release, short half-life of NO, and instability of available NO donors. To overcome these deficiencies, we have developed a new NO delivery platform based on grafting S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), derived from endogenous glutathione (GSH) or its oligomeric derivatives, phytochelatins (PCs), onto poly(vinyl methyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PVMMA), and their subsequent formation of interpolymer complexes with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). Such interpolymer complexes provide controlled release of NO for an extended duration (>10 days) and exhibit enhanced stability in the solid state over that of free RSNOs. The existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in such complexes and the formation of disulfide bonds following the NO release have been confirmed by FTIR and Raman. Preliminary wound healing study in a diabetic rat model demonstrates that, with a single topical application, the present controlled release NO delivery system can effectively accelerate wound closure as compared with the control (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the present NO releasing interpolymer complexes could be potentially useful for diabetic wound healing.
Practical analysis on 20H rule for PCB (2008)

There are many papers dealing with the 20-H rule, which recommend that the power plane should be shrunk against the ground plane by 20 times of the distance between the planes to realize lower EMI radiation. The effect of the 20-H rule was studied with EM solver using MoM. Bypass capacitors were populated to simulate a realistic printed circuit board (PCB). From the evaluation of the electric and magnetic dipole moment, the contributions of common and differential modes current were calculated. It was found that common mode current in the ground plane was generated when the 20H rule was applied. At the resonance frequencies, the common and differential mode radiations are observed in accordance with its resonance mode, the common mode radiation due to y- or x-directional electric dipole moment for TM01 or TM10 respectively. Considering the common mode current occurrence is a fundamental mechanism of the electromagnetic radiation, it is concluded that the application of the rule increases the radiation.
Is Variant Angina the Coronary Manifestation of a Generalized Vasospastic Disorder? (1981)

IN VARIANT angina, myocardial ischemia is caused by transient coronary-arterial spasm.1 , 2 Although altered adrenergic activity has been proposed as the cause of coronary spasm3 , 4 and high circulating thromboxane levels are found in patients with variant angina, 5 the true cause of the syndrome is unknown.The prodromal phase of migraine is caused by inappropriate vasoconstriction of cranial arteries, 6 , 7 and enzymatic markers of cerebral ischemia can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid after an attack.8 As in variant angina, abnormal platelet function has been described in migraine.9 , 10 In spite of a variety of known triggering factors, the cause of migraine has not . . .
Enhancement of deep-UV patterning integrity and process control using antireflective coating (1992)

In this paper, we describe the results of experiments performed using wafers having either phosphorous (POCl3) doped polysilicon, LPCVD silicon nitride, LPCVD silicon dioxide, LPCVD silicon dioxide over POCl3 doped polysilicon, evaporated aluminum, or CVD tungsten thin films, patterned with and without the use of deep UV anti-reflective coatings. The parameters of reflectance control, critical dimension control, focus/exposure latitude, and resist profiles were studied for line/space gratings and contacts. Incorporation of anti-reflective coatings was shown to be very beneficial for reducing the impact of highly reflective substrates, grainy surfaces, and topographical features encountered during deep UV imaging. The ARC process is independent of the substrate's reflectivity, allowing the same exposure dose for all substrates studied. Without ARC the optimum exposure dose for the same substrates varied over a 35% range. ARC also provides slightly increased exposure and focus windows for some substrates, and was shown to significantly improve linewidth control on rough substrates such as POCl3 doped polysilicon and tungsten. The grainy surface of the tungsten wafers was nearly impossible to pattern without the use of an anti-reflective coating; without ARC, there was virtually no process window (approximately 2 mJ/cm2) for retention of 0.50 micrometers features.
Identification of a Zinc-Specific Metalloregulatory Protein, Zur, Controlling Zinc Transport Operons in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1998)

Zinc is an essential nutrient for all cells, but remarkably little is known regarding bacterial zinc transport and its regulation. We have identified three of the key components acting to maintain zinc homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis. Zur is a metalloregulatory protein related to the ferric uptake repressor (Fur) family of regulators and is required for the zinc-specific repression of two operons implicated in zinc uptake, yciC and ycdHIyceA. A zur mutant overexpresses the 45-kDa YciC membrane protein, and purified Zur binds specifically, and in a zinc-responsive manner, to an operator site overlapping the yciC control region. A similar operator precedes the ycdH-containing operon, which encodes an ABC transporter. Two lines of evidence suggest that the ycdH operon encodes a high-affinity zinc transporter whereas YciC may function as part of a lower-affinity pathway. First, a ycdH mutant is impaired in growth in low-zinc medium, and this growth defect is exacerbated by the additional presence of a yciC mutation. Second, mutation of ycdH, but not yciC, alters the regulation of both the yciC and ycdH operons such that much higher levels of exogenous zinc are required for repression. We conclude that Zur is a Fur-like repressor that controls the expression of two zinc homeostasis operons in response to zinc. Thus, Fur-like regulators control zinc homeostasis in addition to their previously characterized roles in regulating iron homeostasis, acid tolerance responses, and oxidative stress functions.
Label-free colorimetric detection of trace cholesterol based on molecularly imprinted photonic hydrogels (2011)

A novel colorimetric sensor for cholesterol assay was constructed by combining a molecular imprinting technique with photonic crystals. The molecularly imprinted photonic hydrogel (MIPH) film was prepared by a non-covalent, self-assembly approach using cholesterol as a template molecule, and exhibited a highly ordered three-dimensional macroporous structure characterized by scanning electron microscopy under the optimized imprinting conditions. Various factors affecting rebinding of cholesterol are discussed along with recognition specificity studies on its analogues of stigmasterol and ergosterol through estimation of UV-Vis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The MIPH film generated a significantly readable optical signal directly self-reporting within less than 2 min upon binding cholesterol. The colorimetric measurement of cholesterol concentration strongly relies on the fact that the blue shift effect of the Bragg diffraction peak of the MIPH is gradually enlarged with the increase of cholesterol amounts. The detection level approached 10−13 g mL−1, which is comparable to that of fluorescence measurements. The simultaneous possession of high selectivity, high sensitivity, high stability, easy operation and being label-free enables this sensor to be potentially applicable for rapid on-site detection of trace cholesterol.