gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric Propulsion for Low Earth Orbit Constellation Morphing (2002)

Low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations consisting of microsatell ites, nanosatellites, or picosatellites can have hundreds of spacecraft. If they are placed into circular orbits with one -to -four spacecraft per orbit plane, a wide variety of orbital configurations can be produced. These configurations range from grid -like dispersions that can provide constant Earth coverage to a single ring that oscillates from pole to pole. A number of in -between configurations can generate local cluster geometries with 10,000 -km -scale dimensions. Rephasing of individual spacecraft can result in drastically different geometric configurations for different applications. This work illustrates a number of different orbital geometries, the use of electric propulsion to initially create a specific geometry, and the propulsion requirements to “morph” into other geometries.
Revealing Real-Time Emotional Responses: a Personalized Assessment based on Heartbeat Dynamics (2014)

Emotion recognition through computational modeling and analysis of physiological signals has been widely investigated in the last decade. Most of the proposed emotion recognition systems require relatively long-time series of multivariate records and do not provide accurate real-time characterizations using short-time series. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel personalized probabilistic framework able to characterize the emotional state of a subject through the analysis of heartbeat dynamics exclusively. The study includes thirty subjects presented with a set of standardized images gathered from the international affective picture system, alternating levels of arousal and valence. Due to the intrinsic nonlinearity and nonstationarity of the RR interval series, a specific point-process model was devised for instantaneous identification considering autoregressive nonlinearities up to the third-order according to the Wiener-Volterra representation, thus tracking very fast stimulus-response changes. Features from the instantaneous spectrum and bispectrum, as well as the dominant Lyapunov exponent, were extracted and considered as input features to a support vector machine for classification. Results, estimating emotions each 10 seconds, achieve an overall accuracy in recognizing four emotional states based on the circumplex model of affect of 79.29%, with 79.15% on the valence axis, and 83.55% on the arousal axis.
γδ T lymphocyte responses to HIV (1996)

Natural immunity may be involved in controlling viral spread in hosts infected with HIV. A panel of gamma delta T cell receptor-positive lymphocyte clones was isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy HIV- donors and tested for anti-HIV cytotoxic responses. Twelve of 30 (40%) V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ T cell clones, but none of seven V delta 1+ T cell clones, displayed lytic activity against HIV-infected cells. The V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ clones cytotoxic for HIV-infected cells also lysed Daudi cells. However, not all V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ clones which lysed Daudi targets had the capacity to lyse HIV-infected cells. Some of the gamma delta T cell clones were also investigated for potential proliferative responses to HIV-infected cells. One V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ T cell clone (ME8-7) and one V delta 1+ T cell clone (ME18-2) demonstrated proliferative responses towards HIV-infected cells. Another V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ clone (VM39) proliferated in response to cell-free HIV. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence of anti-HIV gamma delta T cell responses in healthy, HIV- persons.
Formation of ceramic thin films by solid-state interface reactions (1987)

The formation of single-crystal Mg2TiO4 films and large-grained, multiply positioned MgTiO3 films by solid-state interface reactions is investigated by transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and other methods. Stoichiometric single-crystal Mg2TiO4 spinel films grow by a topotaxial reaction between the MgO substrate and a TiO2 vapor. A submicron-marker experiment revealed the cations to be the diffusing species. The films are free of observable lattice defects, except for a network of cation antiphase boundaries. Two new preparation methods are presented that enable edge-on solid–solid reaction interfaces to be investigated by in situ observation in the high-voltage electron microscope. Periodic lines of contrast at the semicoherent Mg2TiO4/MgTiO3 interface are interpreted in terms of dislocations, which probably restack the oxygen sublattice of MgTiO3 to that of spinel. The single-phase MgTiO3 films obtained show a regular eightfold-positioned structure, partly due to grain growth and reorientation processes. Interface strain is assumed to determine whether Mg2TiO4 or MgTiO3 is formed as the final thin-film phase during the solid–solid reaction.
Juxtaposition of the Two Distal CX3C Motifs via Intrachain Disulfide Bonding Is Essential for the Folding of Tim10 (2003)

The TIM10 complex, composed of the homologous proteins Tim10 and Tim9, chaperones hydrophobic proteins inserted at the mitochondrial inner membrane. A salient feature of the TIM10 complex subunits is their conserved "twin CX3C" motif. Systematic mutational analysis of all cysteines of Tim10 showed that their underlying molecular defect is impaired folding (demonstrated by circular dichroism, aberrant homo-oligomer formation, and thiol trapping assays). As a result of defective folding, clear functional consequences were manifested in (i) complex formation with Tim9, (ii) chaperone activity, and (iii) import into tim9ts mitochondria lacking both endogenous Tim9 and Tim10. The organization of the four cysteines in intrachain disulfides was determined by trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry. The two distal CX3C motifs are juxtaposed in the folded structure and disulfide-bonded to each other rather than within each other, with an inner cysteine pair connecting Cys44 with Cys61 and an outer pair between Cys40 and Cys65. These cysteine pairs are not equally important for folding and assembly; mutations of the inner Cys are severely affected and form wrong, non-native disulfides, in contrast to mutations of the outer Cys that can still maintain the native inner disulfide pair and display weaker functional defects. Taken together these data reveal this specific intramolecular disulfide bonding as the crucial mechanism for Tim10 folding and show that the inner cysteine pair has a more prominent role in this process.
Moving Target Indication via RADARSAT-2 Multichannel Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing (2009)

With the recent launches of the German TerraSAR-X and the Canadian RADARSAT-2, both equipped with phased array antennas and multiple receiver channels, synthetic aperture radar, ground moving target indication (SAR-GMTI) data are now routinely being acquired from space. Defence R&D Canada has been conducting SAR-GMTI trials to assess the performance and limitations of the RADARSAT-2 GMTI system. Several SAR-GMTI modes developed for RADARSAT-2 are described and preliminary test results of these modes are presented. Detailed equations of motion of a moving target for multiaperture spaceborne SAR geometry are derived and a moving target parameter estimation algorithm developed for RADARSAT-2 (called the Fractrum Estimator) is presented. Limitations of the simple dual-aperture SAR-GMTI mode are analysed as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio and target speed. Recently acquired RADARSAT-2 GMTI data are used to demonstrate the capability of different system modes and to validate the signal model and the algorithm.
Structural Variation of Carbazole Derivatives for Plastic Scintillation Applications (2017)

Abstract The preparation of various plastic scintillators with embedded carbazole moieties is reported. As a result of their versatility and advantageous luminescence properties, this system is a candidate of choice for such applications. Through careful system design, the carbazole in the system can have a variety of functions, for example as the polymer matrix, as the primary fluorophore or as the secondary fluorophore. For systems in which carbazole is embedded in the polymer matrix, poly( N vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(styrene‐ co ‐ N ‐vinylcarbazole) were prepared by bulk radical polymerization. For application as a primary or secondary fluorophore, N‐( 2‐ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz) is a particularly suitable molecule. When used at a low concentration it can act either as a primary fluorophore (when coupled with 1,4‐bis(5‐phenyloxazol‐2‐yl) (POPOP) or bis‐(2‐methylstyryl)benzene (bis‐MSB) as the wavelength shifter), or as both primary and secondary fluorophore if the concentration inside the polymer matrix is high. The performance of EHCz was compared with the related molecule N ‐(ethyl)carbazole. Finally, another carbazole‐containing molecule 2,4,5,6tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,3‐dicyanobenzene was loaded in a polymer matrix as the secondary fluorophore. Scintillation results show its efficiency to shift the scintillation response to wavelengths close to 500 nm. The preparation and primary photophysical properties of each of these new plastic scintillators was reported, in addition to the scintillation properties of each. These results highlight the potential application of carbazole derivatives as fluorophores for nuclear detection.
Bar-grid oscillators (1990)

Grid oscillators are an attractive way of obtaining high power levels from the solid-state devices, since potentially the output powers of thousands of individual devices can be combined. The active devices do not require an external locking signal, and the power combining is done in free space. Thirty-six transistors were mounted on parallel brass bars, which provide a stable bias and have a low thermal resistance. The output power degraded gradually when the devices failed. The grid gave an effective radiated power of 3 W at 3 GHz. The directivity was 11.3 dB, and the DC-to-RF efficiency was 22%. Modulation capabilities of the grid were demonstrated. An equivalent circuit model for the grid is derived, and comparison with experimental results is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quasi-monolithic integration of silicon-MEMS with piezoelectric actuators for high-speed non-contact atomic force microscopy (2012)

High-speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) is actually a functional tool for the studies of dynamical phenomena of biological and chemical objects on a sub-second timescale. In order to increase the imaging speed, all dynamic components of AFM have to be optimized. This paper presents advancement in the development of a novel x?y scanner for high-speed non-contact AFM. We have developed a quasi-monolithic integration of a silicon parallel kinematic mechanism with piezoelectric actuators. Decoupling of motion in x?y directions is realized due to novel ?-shaped flexures. For the control of the stage motion, we employed piezoresistive sensors integrated into silicon L-shaped guidance features. Due to the use of a push?pull actuation principle, we obtained a large scanning frequency and a 6???6??m2 scanning area. The resonance frequency of the stage is about 26?kHz. The silicon stage facilitates fast quantitative imaging with high lateral resolution.
Secure unlocking of mobile touch screen devices by simple gestures (2013)

With the rich functionalities and enhanced computing capabilities available on mobile computing devices with touch screens, users not only store sensitive information (such as credit card numbers) but also use privacy sensitive applications (such as online banking) on these devices, which make them hot targets for hackers and thieves. To protect private information, such devices typically lock themselves after a few minutes of inactivity and prompt a password/PIN/pattern screen when reactivated. Passwords/PINs/patterns based schemes are inherently vulnerable to shoulder surfing attacks and smudge attacks. Furthermore, passwords/PINs/patterns are inconvenient for users to enter frequently. In this paper, we propose GEAT, a gesture based user authentication scheme for the secure unlocking of touch screen devices. Unlike existing authentication schemes for touch screen devices, which use what user inputs as the authentication secret, GEAT authenticates users mainly based on how they input, using distinguishing features such as finger velocity, device acceleration, and stroke time. Even if attackers see what gesture a user performs, they cannot reproduce the behavior of the user doing gestures through shoulder surfing or smudge attacks. We implemented GEAT on Samsung Focus running Windows, collected 15009 gesture samples from 50 volunteers, and conducted real-world experiments to evaluate GEAT's performance. Experimental results show that our scheme achieves an average equal error rate of 0.5% with 3 gestures using only 25 training samples.
A Multiscale Modeling of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys: Application to NiMnGa Single Crystal (2016)

This paper presents a new multiscale modeling dedicated to magnetic shape memory alloys. It involves four scales from the domain scale to the macroscale. The model is presented, and the simulation results are compared with experiments carried out on a NiMnGa single crystal.
A memory polynomial predistorter for compensation of nonlinearity with memory effects in WCDMA transmitters (2009)

Power amplifiers (PAs) are inherently nonlinear devices and are used in all transmitters of a communications equipment. To improve the performance of telecommunication channels, digital baseband predistortion is employed to compensate for PA nonlinearities. But most existing architectures base on the memoryless PA model. For wideband signal transmission, PA memory effects can no longer be ignored and memoryless predistortion has poor performance. In this paper, a predistortion scheme based on the indirect learning architecture is proposed and analyzed with application to the wideband wireless transmitter. Then the performance of overall transmitter system is verified by simulation results. The measurement shows that, when inputting a single carrier WCDMA signal with 5 MHz bandwidth, good AM-AM and AM-PM performance and roughly 20 dB improvement of out-of-distortion at an offset frequency of 5 MHz were achieved, after adding the proposed predistortion method.
Malaria − an overview (2007)

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. These parasites have a complex life cycle in their mosquito vector and vertebrate hosts. The primary factors contributing to the resurgence of malaria are the appearance of drug-resistant strains of the parasite, the spread of insecticide-resistant strains of the mosquito and the lack of licensed malaria vaccines of proven efficacy. This minireview includes a summary of the disease, the life cycle of the parasite, information relating to the genome and proteome of the species lethal to humans, Plasmodium falciparum, together with other recent developments in the field.
Recent developments for Pseudomonas vaccines (2011)

Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major health problem for immune-compromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis. A vaccine against: P. aeruginosa has long been sought after, but is so far not available. Several vaccine candidates have been assessed in experimental animals and humans, which include sub-cellular fractions, capsule components, purified and recombinant proteins. Unique characteristics of the host and the pathogen have complicated the vaccine development. This review summarizes the current state of vaccine development for this ubiquitous pathogen, in particular to provide mucosal immunity against infections of the respiratory tract in susceptible individuals with cystic fibrosis.
Phone Recognition with the Mean-Covariance Restricted Boltzmann Machine (2010)

Straightforward application of Deep Belief Nets (DBNs) to acoustic modeling produces a rich distributed representation of speech data that is useful for recognition and yields impressive results on the speaker-independent TIMIT phone recognition task. However, the first-layer Gaussian-Bernoulli Restricted Boltzmann Machine (GRBM) has an important limitation, shared with mixtures of diagonalcovariance Gaussians: GRBMs treat different components of the acoustic input vector as conditionally independent given the hidden state. The mean-covariance restricted Boltzmann machine (mcRBM), first introduced for modeling natural images, is a much more representationally efficient and powerful way of modeling the covariance structure of speech data. Every configuration of the precision units of the mcRBM specifies a different precision matrix for the conditional distribution over the acoustic space. In this work, we use the mcRBM to learn features of speech data that serve as input into a standard DBN. The mcRBM features combined with DBNs allow us to achieve a phone error rate of 20.5%, which is superior to all published results on speaker-independent TIMIT to date. 1
Membranes: a meeting point for lipids, proteins and therapies (2008)

Membranes constitute a meeting point for lipids and proteins. Not only do they define the entity of cells and cytosolic organelles but they also display a wide variety of important functions previously ascribed to the activity of proteins alone. Indeed, lipids have commonly been considered a mere support for the transient or permanent association of membrane proteins, while acting as a selective cell/organelle barrier. However, mounting evidence demonstrates that lipids themselves regulate the location and activity of many membrane proteins, as well as defining membrane microdomains that serve as spatio-temporal platforms for interacting signalling proteins. Membrane lipids are crucial in the fission and fusion of lipid bilayers and they also act as sensors to control environmental or physiological conditions. Lipids and lipid structures participate directly as messengers or regulators of signal transduction. Moreover, their alteration has been associated with the development of numerous diseases. Proteins can interact with membranes through lipid co-/post-translational modifications, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding are all involved in the associations among membrane proteins and lipids. The present study reviews these interactions from the molecular and biomedical point of view, and the effects of their modulation on the physiological activity of cells, the aetiology of human diseases and the design of clinical drugs. In fact, the influence of lipids on protein function is reflected in the possibility to use these molecular species as targets for therapies against cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pathologies and other diseases, using a new approach called membrane-lipid therapy.
FCFA: A semantic-based federated cloud framework architecture (2012)

Cloud Computing is a paradigm that applies a service model on infrastructures, platforms and software. In the last few years, this new idea has been showing its potentials and how, in the long run, it will affect Information Technology and the act of interfacing to computation and storage. This article introduces the FCFA project, a framework for an ontology-based resource life-cycle management and provisioning in a federated Cloud Computing infrastructure. Federated Clouds are presumably the first step toward a Cloud 2.0 scenario where different providers will be able to share their assets in order to create a free and open Cloud Computing marketplace. The contribution of this article is a redesign of a Cloud Computing infrastructure architecture from the ground-up, leveraging semantic web technologies and natively supporting a federated resource provisioning.
Control of interfaces in metal and ceramics composites (1993)

This symposium addressed the control of interfaces in metal and ceramic composites. It is agreed among those in the composite field that interfacial reactions in most metal or ceramic composites predominate the mechanical behavior. This symposium was held at the 1994 TMS Annual Meeting, February 27--March 3, 1994, in San Francisco, California. Papers presented were concerned with interfacial reactions, effect of interfaces on mechanical properties of composites, and interface characterization and modeling. Twenty seven papers have been processed separately for inclusion on the data base.
Combined nucleobase and backbone modifications enhance DNA duplex stability and preserve biocompatibility (2013)

DNA strands containing a triazole linkage flanked on its 3′-side by an aminoethylphenoxazine nucleobase analogue (G-clamp) have been prepared by solid-phase synthesis followed by CuAAC-mediated click oligonucleotide ligation. The stability of the doubly modified DNA duplexes and DNA–RNA hybrids is greatly increased, whereas a single base pair mismatch located at or adjacent to the modifications is strongly destabilising, making triazole G-clamp a potent mismatch/point mutation sensor. A DNA strand containing this unnatural combination was successfully amplified by PCR to produce unmodified copies of the original template, with deoxyguanosine inserted opposite to the G-clamp-triazole nucleotide analogue. This study shows for the first time that a polymerase enzyme can read through a combined backbone/nucleobase modification surprisingly well. These favourable properties suggest new applications for oligonucleotides containing the G-clamp triazole modification in biotechnology, nanotechnology, diagnostics and therapeutics.
Insulation resistance measurements (1947)

The simplification stated by Ohm's law — resistance is the ratio of potential to current — is qualified for insulation materials. The current quantity is shown to be a superposition of four more or less independent components, each with different characteristics. This approach produces a method for eliminating common errors and inaccuracies from insulation resistance measurements.
Influence of Ambient Temperature on Patient Temperature During Intraabdominal Surgery (1971)

From the Department of Anesthesia and the Anesthesia Laboratory of the Harvard Medical School at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 *Associate Anesthetist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Instructor in Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School. Supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants Nos. HE-10248 and GM-15904–03.
Conducting Polymers as Antennas for Probing Biophysical Activities (2008)

Conducting polymers can serve as soft electrode substrates for anchoring and orientating functional membrane proteins. We utilize this possibility to orient bacteriorhodopsin (bR), a membrane protein that functions as a light-driven proton pump, on these substrates. The underlying polymer substrate becomes optoelectronically active with the spectral and temporal characteristics corresponding to that of the adjacent bR molecular layer. We demonstrate the concept of passive and active biomolecular signal transduction using model conducting polymers. The photoinduced current modulation in the conducting polymer layer can be explained in terms of the charge displacements within the proximal bR layer or charge-transfer processes across the interface. We explore the implications of this strong coupling between the photophysical processes in bR and electrical processes in the conducting polymer layer.