gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing of nonlinear diamond-turned reflaxicons (1981)

The extreme alignment sensitivity of nonlinear diamond-turned reflaxicons makes them difficult to test and analyze. To evaluate the wave front it is necessary to know what portion results from alignment errors. This paper describes the setup, alignment, and testing of a nonlinear diamond-turned independent-element reflaxicon manufactured at the Union Carbide, Oak Ridge Y-12 plant. Interferograms taken with the center cone misaligned a known amount are analyzed using the axicon preprocessing option in FRINGE [J. S. Loomis (ASTM Report STP 666 and Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng. 171, 64 (1979)]. The results show that FRINGE correctly removes the cone and decenter errors introduced by the misalignments. It is also shown how the resulting interferograms are unfolded to give the OPD errors as seen on the outer cone.
Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced composites: processing and mechanical characterization (2002)

Carbon nanotubes have been the subject of considerable attention because of their exceptional physical and mechanical properties. These properties observed at the nanoscale have motivated researchers to utilize carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in composite materials. In this research, a micro-scale twin-screw extruder was used to achieve dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a polystyrene matrix. Highly aligned nanocomposite films were produced by extruding the polymer melt through a rectangular die and drawing the film prior to cooling. Randomly oriented nanocomposites were produced by achieving dispersion first with the twin-screw extruder followed by pressing a film using a hydraulic press. The tensile behaviour of the aligned and random nanocomposite films with 5 wt.{%} loading of nanotubes were characterized. Addition of nanotubes increased the tensile modulus, yield strength and ultimate strengths of the polymer films, and the improvement in elastic modulus with the aligned nanotube composite is five times greater than the improvement for the randomly oriented composite.
Eyeriss: A Spatial Architecture for Energy-Efficient Dataflow for Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in modern AI systems for their superior accuracy but at the cost of high computational complexity. The complexity comes from the need to simultaneously process hundreds of filters and channels in the high-dimensional convolutions, which involve a significant amount of data movement. Although highly-parallel compute paradigms, such as SIMD/SIMT, effectively address the computation requirement to achieve high throughput, energy consumption still remains high as data movement can be more expensive than computation. Accordingly, finding a dataflow that supports parallel processing with minimal data movement cost is crucial to achieving energy-efficient CNN processing without compromising accuracy. In this paper, we present a novel dataflow, called row-stationary (RS), that minimizes data movement energy consumption on a spatial architecture. This is realized by exploiting local data reuse of filter weights and feature map pixels, i.e., activations, in the high-dimensional convolutions, and minimizing data movement of partial sum accumulations. Unlike dataflows used in existing designs, which only reduce certain types of data movement, the proposed RS dataflow can adapt to different CNN shape configurations and reduces all types of data movement through maximally utilizing the processing engine (PE) local storage, direct inter-PE communication and spatial parallelism. To evaluate the energy efficiency of the different dataflows, we propose an analysis framework that compares energy cost under the same hardware area and processing parallelism constraints. Experiments using the CNN configurations of AlexNet show that the proposed RS dataflow is more energy efficient than existing dataflows in both convolutional (1.4× to 2.5×) and fully-connected layers (at least 1.3× for batch size larger than 16). The RS dataflow has also been demonstrated on a fabricated chip, which verifies our energy analysis.
LXR ligand lowers LDL cholesterol in primates, is lipid neutral in hamster, and reduces atherosclerosis in mouse (2009)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that coordinate regulation of gene expression involved in several cellular functions but most notably cholesterol homeostasis encompassing cholesterol transport, catabolism, and absorption. WAY-252623 (LXR-623) is a highly selective and orally bioavailable synthetic modulator of LXR, which demonstrated efficacy for reducing lesion progression in the murine LDLR(-/-) atherosclerosis model with no associated increase in hepatic lipogenesis either in this model or Syrian hamsters. In nonhuman primates with normal lipid levels, WAY-252623 significantly reduced total (50-55%) and LDL-cholesterol (LDLc) (70-77%) in a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as increased expression of the target genes ABCA1/G1 in peripheral blood cells. Statistically significant decreases in LDLc were noted as early as day 7, reached a maximum by day 28, and exceeded reductions observed for simvastatin alone (20 mg/kg). Transient increases in circulating triglycerides and liver enzymes reverted to baseline levels over the course of the study. Complementary microarray analysis of duodenum and liver gene expression revealed differential activation of LXR target genes and suggested no direct activation of hepatic lipogenesis. WAY-252623 displays a unique and favorable pharmacological profile suggesting synthetic LXR ligands with these characteristics may be suitable for evaluation in patients with atherosclerotic dyslipidemia.
Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2009)

hiPS cells can differentiate into myocytes with cardiac-specific molecular, structural, and functional properties. These results, coupled with the potential of this technology to generate patient-specific hiPS lines, hold great promise for the development of in vitro models of cardiac genetic disorders, for drug discovery and testing, and for the emerging field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Intracellular Singlet Oxygen (2013)

We have developed a series of molecular probes for the fluorescent detection of singlet dioxygen ((1)O2). The probes, based on asymmetrically substituted 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans, undergo the [2 + 4] cycloaddition reaction with (1)O2, producing ratiometric fluorescent responses. Two-photon fluorescence microscope experiments demonstrated the biological utility of the probes for the visualization of endogenous (1)O2 in macrophage cells.
Swelling equilibria for weakly ionizable, temperature-sensitive hydrogels (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSwelling equilibria for weakly ionizable, temperature-sensitive hydrogelsSagrario Beltran, John P. Baker, Herbert H. Hooper, Harvey W. Blanch, and John M. PrausnitzCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2, 549–551Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00002a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00002a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views964Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein‐Phosphorylation‐Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Imaging Protein Kinase Activities in Single Living Cells (2007)

Eine nützliche Sonde für Proteinkinase A (PKA) in einzelnen lebenden Zellen sind die hier vorgestellten zellgängigen und biokompatiblen Polyion-induzierten komplexen Nanopartikel, die deutliche Fluoreszenzänderungen eingehen können. Sie bestehen aus einem negativ geladenen und einem positiv geladenen Polymer, die mit einem Nah-IR-Fluorophor und einem für Proteinkinase spezifischen Peptid verknüpft sind.
Cloud computing platform for GIS image processing in U-city (2011)

Ubiquitous city (U-city) is a city with ubiquitous information technology that enables citizens to access the converged information anywhere and anytime. A lot of compute power are required in U-city, because large amount of data should be processed in real-time. Cloud computing enables users to use the abstracted and virtualized computing resources and to process huge amount of information without having their own computing power. This paper presents a GIS image processing platform that uses cloud computing. It finds and selects optimal computing resources for applications and run virtual machines to execute the applications. In this paper, we explain the parallel air pollution map generation as a use case for the suggested platform and show how efficiently it processes the massive data.
<title>Concealed weapons detection using electromagnetic resonances</title> (1998)

Concealed weapons pose a significant threat to both law enforcement and security agency personnel. The uncontrolled environments associated with peacekeeping and the move toward relaxation of concealed weapons laws here in the U.S. provide a strong motivation for developing weapons detection technologies which are noninvasive and can function noncooperatively. Existing weapons detection systems are primarily oriented to detecting metal and require the cooperation of the person being searched. The new generation of detectors under development that focuses primarily on imaging methods, faces problems associated with privacy issues. There remains a need for a weapons detector which is portable, detects weapons remotely, avoids the issues associated with privacy rights, can tell the difference between car keys and a knife, and is affordable enough that one can be issued to every peacekeeper and law enforcement officer. AKELA is developing a concealed weapons detector that uses wideband radar techniques to excite natural electromagnetic resonances that characterize the size, shape, and material composition of an object. Neural network processing is used to classify the difference between weapons and nuisance objects. We have constructed both time and frequency domain test systems and used them to gather experimental data on a variety of armed and unarmed individuals. These experiments have been performed in an environment similar to the operational environment. Preliminary results from these experiments show that it is possible to detect a weapon being carried by an individual from a distance of 10 to 15 feet, and to detect a weapon being concealed behind the back. The power required is about 100 milliwatts. A breadboard system is being fabricated and will be used by AKELA and our law enforcement partner to gather data in operationally realistic situations. While a laptop computer will control the breadboard system, the wideband radar electronics will fit in a box the size of a CD ROM drive of a computer.
ReaxFF<sub>SiO</sub> Reactive Force Field for Silicon and Silicon Oxide Systems (2003)

To predict the structures, properties, and chemistry of materials involving silicon and silicon oxides; interfaces between these materials; and hydrolysis of such systems, we have developed the ReaxFFSiO, reactive force field. The parameters for this force field were obtained from fitting to the results of quantum chemical (QC) calculations on the structures and energy barriers for a number of silicon oxide clusters and on the equations of state for condensed phases of Si and SiO2 from QC. We expect that ReaxFFSiO will allow accurate dynamical simulations of bond breaking processes in large silicon and silicon oxide systems. ReaxFFSiO is based closely on the potential functions of the ReaxFFCH reactive force field for hydrocarbons, so that it should also be useful for describing reactions of organics with Si and SiO2 systems.
Cellulose biogenesis: Polymerization and crystallization are coupled processes in <i>Acetobacter xylinum</i> (1980)

Calcofluor White ST, stilbene derivative used commerically as an optical brightener for cellulose, increased the rate of glucose polymerization into cellulose by resting cells of the gram-negative bacterium Acetobacter xylinum. This bacterium normally produces a ribbon of cellulose that is a composite of crystalline microfibrils. In concentrations above 0.1 mM, Calcofluor disrupts the assembly of crystalline cellulose I microfibrils and their integration into a composite ribbon by stoichiometric binding to glucose residues of newly polymerized glucan chains. Under these conditions, the rate of glucose polymerization increases up to 4 times the control rate, whereas oxygen uptake increases only 10-15%. These observed effects are readily reversible. If free Calcofluor is washed away or depleted below the threshold value by binding to cellulose as polymerization continues, ribbon production and the normal rate of polymerization resume. It is concluded that polymerization and crystallization are cell-directed, coupled processes and that the rate of crystallization determines the rate of polymerization. It is suggested that coupling must be maintained for biogenesis of crystalline cellulose I.
In Vitro Response of <i>Blastocystis hominis</i> to Antiprotozoal Drugs (1983)

Ten antiprotozoal drugs were tested in vitro against four axenic strains of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis hominis. Inhibitory drugs in order of effectiveness were emetine, metronidazole, furazolidone, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-iodo-quinoline (Entero-Vioform), and pentamidine. Moderately inhibitory were two quinolines other than iodochlorhydroxquin. These were chloroquine and 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxy-quinoline (Floraquin). Diloxanide furoate was not inhibitory. Paromomycin and other antibiotics were not inhibitory. Entero-Vioform and metronidazole have been effective in human and higher primate diarrhea caused by B. hominis.
Modification of Antimicrobial Peptide with Low Molar Mass Poly(ethylene glycol) (2008)

PEGylation of peptide drugs prolongs their circulating lifetimes in plasma. However, PEGylation can produce a decrease in the in vitro bioactivity. Longer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains are favourable for circulating lifetimes but unfavourable for in vitro bioactivities. In order to circumvent the conflicting effects of PEG length, a hydrophobic peptide, using an antimicrobial peptide as a model, was PEGylated with short PEG chains. The PEGylated peptides self-assembled in aqueous solution into micelles with PEG shell and peptide core. In these micelles, the core peptides were protected by the shell, thus reducing proteolytic degradation. Meanwhile, most of the in vitro antimicrobial activities still remained due to the short PEG chain attached. The stabilities of the PEGylated peptides were much higher than that of the unPEGylated peptides in the presence of chymotrypsin and serum. The antimicrobial activities of the PEGylated peptides in the presence of serum, an ex vivo assay, were much higher than that of the unPEGylated peptide.
Upstream G gamma-globin and downstream beta-globin sequences required for stage-specific expression in transgenic mice. (1987)

The human G gamma-globin and beta-globin genes are expressed in erythroid cells at different stages of human development, and previous studies have shown that the two cloned genes are also expressed in a differential stage-specific manner in transgenic mice. The G gamma-globin gene is expressed only in murine embryonic erythroid cells, while the beta-globin gene is active only at the fetal and adult stages. In this study, we analyzed transgenic mice carrying a series of hybrid genes in which different upstream, intragenic, or downstream sequences were contributed by the beta-globin or G gamma-globin gene. We found that hybrid 5'G gamma/3'beta globin genes containing G gamma-globin sequences upstream from the initiation codon were expressed in embryonic erythroid cells at levels similar to those of an intact G gamma-globin transgene. In contrast, beta-globin upstream sequences were insufficient for expression of 5'beta/3'G gamma hybrid globin genes or a beta-globin-metallothionein fusion gene in adult erythroid cells. However, beta-globin downstream sequences, including 212 base pairs of exon III and 1,900 base pairs of 3'-flanking DNA, were able to activate a 5'G gamma/3'beta hybrid globin gene in fetal and adult erythroid cells. These experiments suggest that positive regulatory elements upstream from the G gamma-globin and downstream from the beta-globin gene are involved in the differential expression of the two genes during development.
A new architecture for counterpropagation-based photonic regeneration and reshaping (2005)

This paper presents the honeycomb architecture for performing photonic regeneration and re-shaping in the counter-propagation. We demonstrate the suppression of undesired gain compression and cross-gain modulation effects along with significant improvement of input power sensitivity.
TM mode suppression property of DFB lasers with a narrow stripe region (1990)

The TM-mode suppressibility of DFB lasers with a narrow stripe region is investigated. A waveguide is designed to produce different phase shifts between the TE and TM modes. A threshold gain difference between the TE and TM modes is introduced by a phase shift difference of both modes. A TM and side mode suppression ratio of more than 40 dB is obtained under 1.8-Gb/s NRZ pseudorandom pulse modulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy reduction in VLSI computation modules: an information-theoretic approach (2003)

We consider the problem of reduction of computation cost by introducing redundancy in the number of ports as well as in the input and output sequences of computation modules. Using our formulation, the classical "communication scenario" is the case when a computation module has to recompute the input sequence at a different location or time with high fidelity and low bit-error rates. We then consider communication with different computational cost objective than that given by bit-error rate. An example is communication over deep submicrometer very-large scale integration (VLSI) buses where the expected energy consumption per communicated information bit is the cost of computation. We treat this scenario using tools from information theory and establish fundamental bounds on the achievable expected energy consumption per bit in deep submicrometer VLSI buses as a function of their utilization. Some of our results also shed light on coding schemes that achieve these bounds. We then prove that the best tradeoff between the expected energy consumption per bit and bus utilization can be achieved using codes constructed from typical sequences of Markov stationary ergodic processes. We use this observation to give a closed-form expression for the best tradeoff between the expected energy consumption per bit and the utilization of the bus. This expression, in principle, can be computed using standard numerical methods. The methodology developed here naturally extends to more general computation scenarios.
A novel p-i-n photodetector fabricated on SIMOX for 1 GHz 2 V CMOS OEICs (2002)

We describe a novel p-i-n photodetector fabricated on separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) substrate using a fully-depleted CMOS/SIMOX process, which is suitable for CMOS optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). The photodetector/SIMOX exhibits a low parasitic capacitance of 0.2 pF, a high responsivity of 0.4 A/W at 850 nm, and a high photoresponse for 1 GHz operation at a supply voltage of 2.0 V.
Outcomes of neonates with congenital heart disease (2001)

One of the most important advances of the past 10 to 15 years in the field of pediatric cardiology is the improvement in prognosis for neonates with complex congenital heart disease. During the past 18 months, several publications have addressed outcomes in neonates with congenital heart disease. Many of these reports demonstrate continuing improvement in preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative survival among patients with complex neonatal heart defects. Other reports shed substantial new light on late functional outcome, especially neurodevelopmental status. In addition to data on survival, morbidity, and functional status, we discuss developments in perioperative evaluation and management that are likely to further the trend toward improved outcome for neonates with complex congenital heart disease.
Transgenic technology in animal agriculture (1992)

Abstract Microinjection of DNA that contains genes into the pronuclei of zygotes from pigs, sheep, cows and goats has resulted in the production of “transgenic” livestock containing new genetic material that can be transmitted from one generation to the next. Transgenic livestock are possible because recent advances in molecular biology allow the novel recombination of DNA fragments, thus permitting the introduction of transgenes with novel regulation and/or products. These technological advances have been utilized in agriculture to explore the possibilities of enhancing growth characteristics, mammary gland function, and disease resistance in livestock.
Mass spectrometry‐based targeted quantitative proteomics: Achieving sensitive and reproducible detection of proteins (2012)

Traditional shotgun proteomics used to detect a mixture of hundreds to thousands of proteins through mass spectrometric analysis, has been the standard approach in research to profile protein content in a biological sample which could lead to the discovery of new (and all) protein candidates with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values. In practice, this approach requires significant resources and time, and does not necessarily represent the goal of the researcher who would rather study a subset of such discovered proteins (including their variations or posttranslational modifications) under different biological conditions. In this context, targeted proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in the accurate measurement of protein targets in biological samples in the hope of elucidating the molecular mechanism of cellular function via the understanding of intricate protein networks and pathways. One such (targeted) approach, selected reaction monitoring (or multiple reaction monitoring) mass spectrometry (MRM-MS), offers the capability of measuring multiple proteins with higher sensitivity and throughput than shotgun proteomics. Developing and validating MRM-MS-based assays, however, is an extensive and iterative process, requiring a coordinated and collaborative effort by the scientific community through the sharing of publicly accessible data and datasets, bioinformatic tools, standard operating procedures, and well characterized reagents.