gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients (2015)

Circulating microRNAs are deregulated in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are candidate biomarkers. This study investigated the potential of serum microRNAs; miR-19a, miR-296, miR-130a, miR-195, miR-192, miR-34a, and miR-146a as early diagnostic biomarkers for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. As how these microRNAs change during liver fibrosis progression is not clear, we explored their serum levels during fibrosis progression in HCV-associated chronic liver disease (CLD) and if they could serve as non-invasive biomarkers for fibrosis progression to HCC. 112 Egyptian HCV-HCC patients, 125 non-malignant HCV-CLD patients, and 42 healthy controls were included. CLD patients were subdivided according to Metavir fibrosis-scoring. Serum microRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR custom array. Serum microRNAs were deregulated in HCC versus controls, and except miR-130a, they were differentially expressed between HCC and CLD or late fibrosis (F3-F4) subgroup. Serum microRNAs were not significantly different between individual fibrosis-stages or between F1-F2 (early/moderate fibrosis) and F3-F4. Only miR-19a was significantly downregulated from liver fibrosis (F1-F3) to cirrhosis (F4) to HCC. Individual microRNAs discriminated HCC from controls, and except miR-130a, they distinguished HCC from CLD or F3-F4 patients by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed a panel of four microRNAs (miR-19a, miR-195, miR-192, and miR-146a) with high diagnostic accuracy for HCC (AUC = 0.946). The microRNA panel also discriminated HCC from controls (AUC = 0.949), CLD (AUC = 0.945), and F3-F4 (AUC = 0.955). Studied microRNAs were positively correlated in HCC group. miR-19a and miR-34a were correlated with portal vein thrombosis and HCC staging scores, respectively. In conclusion, studied microRNAs, but not miR-130a, could serve as potential early biomarkers for HCC in high-risk groups, with miR-19a as a biomarker for liver fibrosis progression to cirrhosis to HCC. We identified a panel of four serum microRNAs with high accuracy in HCC diagnosis. Additional studies are required to confirm this panel and test its prognostic significance.
Arrestment Behavior in the Polyphagous Tropical Root Weevil <I>Diaprepes abbreviatus</I> (2009)

A semiochemical-based attractant for the tropical root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus L., has been sought since the introduction of this polyphagous pest to Florida in the 1960s. A six-unit wind tunnel apparatus was constructed to allow multiple runs to be conducted simultaneously to test the response of D. abbreviatus adults to volatile and contact semiochemicals. Arrestment was measured as the number of weevils stopping and remaining on a target when presented with upwind target choices. No response (movement upwind) was observed when weevils were presented with a control (no odor). Some movement upwind but no arrestment occurred when weevils were presented with young citrus leaves (flush). Citrus flush that had been fed on by D. abbreviatus adults was highly attractive and induced arrestment of both male and female adults. The effect was duplicated by placing organdy-enclosed feces (frass) on undamaged flush. The arrestment effect was eliminated, however, when fed-on flush was enclosed in a cage so that weevils could not contact the leaves. In these experiments, weevils continued to move upwind. The results of these tests lead us to conclude that host and mate location by D. abbreviatus is mediated by volatile and contact semiochemicals.
Controlling Selectivity in Direct Conversion of Methane into Formaldehyde/Methanol over Iron Molybdate via Periodic Operation Conditions (2012)

The partial oxidation of methane over a Fe 2 (MoO 3 )4 powder catalyst was studied under transient inlet gas conditions. The preparation of the Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 catalyst was performed using a hydrothermal synthesis route. Analytical-grade Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O and (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 .7H 2 O were dissolved separately in distilled water. The molybdate solution was then added dropwise to the iron nitrate solution under continuous stirring to form a homogeneous solution, which was pH-adjusted to 3 by adding NH 3 .H 2 O and HNO 3 . The solution was transferred to a Teflon lined autoclave, sealed, and kept at 140°C for 12 h. The formed precipitate was then washed several times with distilled water and ethanol. At the lowest temperature, only CO can be observed, while at the higher temperatures, also HCHO and CO 2 are formed.
A nonlinear programming model for refinery planning and optimisation with rigorous process models and product quality specifications (2008)

The yield of products in large-scale plants such as oil refineries have a significant impact on overall profitability. Currently, many refineries apply Linear Programming (LP) techniques for their production planning models. However, this will often give inconsistent predictions of refinery productivity and operation. Moreover, the stringent environmental regulations, product qualities, and heavier feed stocks make it necessary to develop accurate models for refinery-production planning. In this work, an approach with more accurate representation of the refinery processes is presented. The resulting model is able to predict the operating variables such as the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) cut-point temperatures and the conversion of the Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCC). It can also evaluate properties of the final products to meet the market specification as well as the required product demands to achieve a maximum refinery profit. The model is illustrated on representative case studies, and the results are discussed. [Received: December 4, 2007; Accepted: January 17, 2008]
Cutting Edge: Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Toll-Like Receptor 2 Internalizes Antigen for Presentation to CD4+ T Cells and Could Be an Efficient Vaccine Target (2003)

An ideal vaccine for induction of CD4(+) T cell responses should induce local inflammation, maturation of APC, and peptide loading of MHC class II molecules. Ligation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 provides the first two of these three criteria. We have studied whether targeting of TLR2 results in loading of MHC class II molecules and enhancement of CD4(+) T cell responses. To dissociate MHC class II presentation from APC maturation, we have used an antagonistic, mouse anti-human TLR2 mAb (TL2.1) as ligand and measured proliferation of a mouse Ckappa-specific human CD4(+) T cell clone. TL2.1 mAb was 100-1000 times more efficiently presented by APC compared with isotype-matched control mAb. Moreover, TL2.1 mAb was internalized into endosomes and processed by the conventional MHC class II pathway. This novel function of TLR2 represents a link between innate and adaptive immunity and indicates that TLR2 could be a promising target for vaccines.
Visual Object Tracking Based on Mutual Learning Between Cohort Multiscale Feature-Fusion Networks With Weighted Loss (2020)

The deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based tracking-by-detection framework recently has become one of the most popular trackers. However, these methods are either time consuming or have greatly reduced performance. This article aims to achieve nearly identical tracking accuracy with the state-of-the-art CNN tracking-by-detection algorithm with relatively faster speed. We study the existing excellent trackers under the CNN tracking-by-detection framework and introduce the following: a multiscale feature pyramid fusion neural network based on dilated convolutions is constructed to learn a scale-invariant discriminative representation for tracking small objects, a hard-threshold weighted cross-entropy loss function is proposed to decrease the gap between object classification and tracking, and a mutual learning-based training policy is used to fuse the information from the network trained by image patches with different contextual regions to further improve the tracking performance. We conduct comprehensive experiments on visual object tracking benchmarks that validate the achievement of competitive performance of the proposed tracker with relatively faster speed both on qualitative and quantitative criteria. Additionally, the experimental results reveal that the proposed mutual learning-based training policy can accelerate the convergence speed and achieve better generalization performance.
SPR-based Fragment Screening: Advantages and Applications (2007)

Fragment-based screening has recently evolved into a promising strategy in drug discovery, and a range of biophysical methods can be employed for fragment library screening. Relevant approaches, such as X-ray, NMR and tethering are briefly introduced focussing on their suitability for fragment-based drug discovery. In particular the application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques to the primary screening of large libraries comprising small molecules is discussed in detail. SPR is known to be a powerful tool for studying biomolecular interactions in a sensitive and label-free detection format. Advantages of SPR methods over more traditional assay formats are discussed and the application of available channel and array based SPR systems to biosensing are reviewed. Today, SPR protocols have been applied to secondary screening of compound libraries and hit conformation, but primary screening of large fragment libraries for drug discovery is often hampered by the throughput of available systems. Chemical microarrays, in combination with SPR imaging, can simultaneously generate affinity data for protein targets with up to 9,216 immobilized fragments per array. This approach has proven to be suitable for screening fragment libraries of up to 110,000 compounds in a high throughput fashion. The design of fragment libraries and appropriate immobilization chemistries are discussed, as well as suitable follow-up strategies for fragment hit optimization. Finally, described case studies demonstrate the successful identification of selective low molecular weight inhibitors for pharmacologically relevant drug targets through the SPR screening of fragment libraries.
A Porous Framework Polymer Based on a Zinc(II) 4,4‘-Bipyridine-2,6,2‘,6‘-tetracarboxylate:  Synthesis, Structure, and “Zeolite-Like” Behaviors (2006)

The robust metal-organic framework compound {[Zn(2)(L)] x 4H(2)O}(infinity) I has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of ZnCl(2) and 4,4'-bipyridine-2,6,2',6'-tetracarboxylic acid (H(4)L). Compound I crystallizes in a chiral space group, P4(2)2(1)2, with the chirality generated by the helical chains of hydrogen-bonded guest water molecules rather than by the coordination framework. Removal of guest water molecules from the crystal affords the porous material, [Zn(2)(L)](infinity) (II), which has very high thermal stability and is chemically inert. The N(2) isotherm of II at 77 K suggests a uniform porous structure with a BET surface area of 312.7 m(2)/g and a remarkably strong interaction with N(2) molecules (betaE(0) = 29.6 kJ mol(-)(1)). II also exhibits significant gas storage capacities of 1.08 wt % for H(2) at 4 bar and 77 K and 3.14 wt % (44.0 cm(3)/g, 67 v/v) for methane at 9 Bar at 298 K. The adsorption behavior of II toward organic solvent vapors has also been studied, and isotherms reveal that for different solvent vapors adsorption is dominated by two types of processes, absorbate-absorbate or absorbate-absorbent interactions. The adsorption and desorption kinetic processes in II are determined mainly by the molecular size of the guest species and their interaction with the host.
Laser action on the 2Σ+1/2→2Σ+1/2 bands of KrF and XeCl (1975)

This letter describes two new lasers operating on the 2Σ+1/2→2Σ+1/2 bands of XeCl (at 308 nm) and KrF (at 249 nm). Pumping was achieved by high-intensity electron beam excitation of high-pressure Ar containing small amounts of Xe and Cl2 or Kr and F2. An efficiency of about 0.4% was observed in the initial experiments on KrF, and higher efficiencies appear possible.
The Importance of Culture in Treating Abused and Neglected Children: An Empirical Review (2001)

There is growing evidence that cultural factors may influence symptom development and treatment referral patterns among abused and neglected children. To date, few treatment outcome studies have specifically examined the impact of race, culture, or ethnicity on treatment response among maltreated children. Those that have attempted to include these factors have typically suffered from lack of clarity of the meaning of these terms. This article reviews the available empirical evidence that addresses the influence of culture on symptom formation, treatment-seeking behaviors, treatment preference, and response following child maltreatment. Hypotheses regarding these findings are addressed, and implications for practice, research, and public policy are discussed.
Goal-driven dynamics learning via Bayesian optimization (2017)

Real-world robots are becoming increasingly complex and commonly act in poorly understood environments where it is extremely challenging to model or learn their true dynamics. Therefore, it might be desirable to take a task-specific approach, wherein the focus is on explicitly learning the dynamics model which achieves the best control performance for the task at hand, rather than learning the true dynamics. In this work, we use Bayesian optimization in an active learning framework where a locally linear dynamics model is learned with the intent of maximizing the control performance, and used in conjunction with optimal control schemes to efficiently design a controller for a given task. This model is updated directly based on the performance observed in experiments on the physical system in an iterative manner until a desired performance is achieved. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach through simulations and real experiments on a quadrotor testbed.
Nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes (2008)

Some of the most important potential applications of carbon nanotubes are related to their mechanical properties. Stiff sp2 bonds result in a Young's modulus close to that of diamond, while the relatively weak van der Waals interaction between the graphitic shells acts as a form of lubrication. Previous characterization of the mechanical properties of nanotubes includes a rich variety of experiments involving mechanical deformation of nanotubes using scanning probe microscopes. These results have led to promising prototypes of nanoelectromechanical devices such as high-performance nanomotors, switches and oscillators based on carbon nanotubes.
Fluoxetine as a treatment for bulimia nervosa. (1987)

The results of a small study using fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa are presented. Ten subjects were treated on an open basis with fluoxetine 60-80 mg daily. Seven subjects stopped their bulimic behaviour completely, two improved and one was unchanged. The results indicate that fluoxetine may have a role in the treatment of bulimia and that further investigation is warranted. A brief review of other drug studies on bulimia nervosa is presented.
Separation of penicillin G from phenylacetic acid in a supported liquid membrane system (1994)

The separation of penicillin G (Pen G) from phenylacetic acid (PAA) by use of a supported liquid membrane (SLM) system with Amberlite LA-2 dissolved in 1-decanol, supported on a microporous polypropylene membrane, was studied. The results show that the individual permeability of each component in mixture was lower than that in a single compartment system and, it suggests a strong transport competition between Pen G and PAA. The SLM system in this study proved to be a promising process for the selective separation of Pen G from PAA. The maximum separation factor was found to be 1.8 under a liquid membrane resistance controlled mechanism. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bistable collective behavior of polymers tethered in a nanopore (2012)

Polymer-coated pores play a crucial role in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and in a number of biomimetic and nanotechnological applications. Here we present Monte Carlo and Density Functional Theory approaches to identify different collective phases of end-grafted polymers in a nanopore and to study their relative stability as a function of intermolecular interactions. Over a range of system parameters that is relevant for nuclear pore complexes, we observe two distinct phases: one with the bulk of the polymers condensed at the wall of the pore, and the other with the polymers condensed along its central axis. The relative stability of these two phases depends on the interpolymer interactions. The existence the two phases suggests a mechanism in which marginal changes in these interactions, possibly induced by nuclear transport receptors, cause the pore to transform between open and closed configurations, which will influence transport through the pore.
The Formation of Linear Polymers from Diene Monomers by a Cyclic Polymerization Mechanism. VI. Polymerization Studies of Some Diallylsilanes<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of Linear Polymers from Diene Monomers by a Cyclic Polymerization Mechanism. VI. Polymerization Studies of Some Diallylsilanes1GEORGE B. BUTLER and ROBERT W. STACKMANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 9, 1643–1644Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01079a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01079a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transmission of 80×10 Gbit/s WDM channels with 50 GHz spacing over 500 km of LEAF/sup R/ fiber (2002)

We demonstrate transmission of 80/spl times/10 Gbit/s channels over 5/spl times/100 km of LEAF fiber. The impact of optical nonlinearities for 50 GHz channel spacing is evaluated by comparing the results of different interleaved channel polarization experiments.
Cilia Dysfunction in Lung Disease (2014)

A characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide ATP-driven motility. In the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate the critical function of mucociliary clearance, cleansing the airways of inhaled particles and pathogens. The prototypical disorder of respiratory cilia is primary ciliary dyskinesia, an inherited disorder that leads to impaired mucociliary clearance, to repeated chest infections, and to the progressive destruction of lung architecture. Numerous acquired lung diseases are also marked by abnormalities in both cilia structure and function. In this review we summarize current knowledge regarding airway ciliated cells and cilia, how they function to maintain a healthy epithelium, and how disorders of cilia structure and function contribute to inherited and acquired lung disease.
Slot-coupled DR antenna for dual-frequency operation (1997)

To achieve dual-band operation or wider bandwidth, a new configuration of dielectric resonator antenna is proposed. This structure consists of two rectangular dielectric resonators displaced near two edges of a single slot in the ground plane of a microstrip line. The measured impedance and radiation patterns for two cases are presented. The results for typical examples indicate that an impedance bandwidth twice that of a single element or dual-frequency operation at two separate bands can be achieved.
Cluster-based multi-channel scheduling algorithms for ad hoc networks (2007)

We propose cluster-based multi-channel scheduling algorithms for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communications for in ad hoc networks. Depending on traffic demands of clusters, the proposed algorithms optimally distribute available non-overlapping channels to proper clusters and schedule time slots of time division multiple access (TDMA) over the allocated channels. Simulation results show that the size of TDMA slots is efficiently minimised and end-to-end throughput is maximised on different cluster formations such as distance-based cluster formation and load-based cluster formation.
Randomized Phase III Study of Erlotinib Versus Observation in Patients With No Evidence of Disease Progression After First-Line Platin-Based Chemotherapy for Ovarian Carcinoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Gynaecological Cancer Group, and Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Study (2013)

Maintenance erlotinib after first-line treatment in ovarian cancer did not improve progression-free or overall survival.
Construction of Monomer-free, Highly Crosslinked, Water-compatible Polymers (2014)

Polymeric dental adhesives require the formation of densely crosslinked network structures to best ensure mechanical strength and durability in clinical service. Monomeric precursors to these materials typically consist of mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components that potentially undergo phase separation in the presence of low concentrations of water, which is detrimental to material performance and has motivated significant investigation into formulations that reduce this effect. We have investigated an approach to network formation based on nanogels that are dispersed in inert solvent and directly polymerized into crosslinked polymers. Monomers of various hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristics were copolymerized into particulate nanogels bearing internal and external polymerizable functionality. Nanogel dispersions were stable at high concentrations in acetone or, with some exceptions, in water and produced networks with a wide range of mechanical properties. Networks formed rapidly upon light activation and reached high conversion with extremely low volumetric shrinkage. Prepolymerizing monomers into reactive nanostructures significantly changes how hydrophobic materials respond to water compared with networks obtained from polymerizations involving free monomer. The modulus of fully hydrated networks formed solely from nanogels was shown to equal or exceed the modulus in the dry state for networks based on nanogels containing a hydrophobic dimethacrylate and hydrophilic monomethacrylate, a result that was not observed in a hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) homopolymer or in networks formed from nanogels copolymerized with HEMA. These results highlight the unique approach to network development from nanoscale precursors and properties that have direct implications in functional dental materials.