gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the interdiffusion effect on the band structures of Si1−xGex∕Si quantum wells (2006)

We investigated the influence of thermal interdiffusion on the band structures of Si1−xGex∕Si single quantum wells (SQWs) with a well width of 125Å and Ge concentration x=0.3. Rapid thermal annealing with the temperatures of 750 and 800°C leads to substantial interdiffusion indicated by a significant photoluminescence (PL) blueshift as large as 46meV. The effect is modeled by a Si–Ge atomic interdiffusion at the heterointerface. The band structures and optical transitions of QW after interdiffusion were calculated based on an error function distribution and the 6+2-band k∙p method. The diffusion lengths of the intermixing process are deduced from the PL shift. The thermal dependence of the interdiffusion coefficients follows the Arrhenius law. An activation energy (Ea) for interdiffusion of 2.75eV is obtained. Our investigation indicates that the 6+2-band k∙p formalism is valid for interdiffused Si1−xGex∕Si QWs.
Practical Reduction of Orthokinetic Flocculation in Processing of Sterile Milk Concentrates (1965)

Comparison between sediment deposition rates in milk concentrates sterilized statically and dynamically demonstrated convincingly that orthokinetie flocculation plays as important a part in the coagulation process as does thermal coagulation. Substitution of 2-, 3-, and 4-in. holding tubes for the 5/16-in. Mal-lo~7~ holding-coil furnished conditions for laminar flow and shear gradient variation in processing a large number of concentrates of varying composition. For storage periods up to four months, no measurable amount of sediment was observed in concentrates processed under conditions of reduced velocity gradients, whereas some sediment was usually observed in concentrates processed under conditions of relatively high gradients. A two-to fourfold decrease in sediment deposition was observed in concentrates stored for 8-12 months when conditions favoring low-velocity gradients in the holding period were substituted for those conducive to a high-velocity gradient. Substitution of evaporative cooling for forced convective cooling brought forth further marked decreases in the sediment deposition rate. At the end of 16 months of storage at 70F no sediment was observed in high-fat concentrates (fat to SNF ratio ----~ :1.8) sterilized under conditions of reduced gradients.
Ingress of <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>michiganensis</i> into Tomato Leaves Through Hydathodes (1998)

ABSTRACT Hydathodes of tomato leaves served as extremely efficient infection courts for the bacterial canker pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Chlorotic lesions developed at the tips of leaflet lobes about 2 weeks after inoculation of guttation droplets. Lesions expanded along the leaflet margins and became necrotic. Movement of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis from the inoculated leaflet into the rachis was slow and erratic. Histological observations revealed that pathogen populations first developed within large intercellular spaces lying beneath the stomata, which serve as water pores in tomato hydathodes. Bacteria were first observed within vessels of the large marginal fimbriate veins 7 days after inoculation. By 14 days after inoculation, large populations could be seen within the vessels; and by 21 days after inoculation, tissue collapse was widespread and masses of bacteria could be seen in the intercellular spaces and within necrotic cells.
1 Introduction to C. elegans Biology (1988)

I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Caenorhabditis elegans is a small, free-living soil nematode found commonly in many parts of the world. It feeds primarily on bacteria and reproduces with a life cycle of about 3 days under optimal conditions. The two sexes, hermaphrodites and males, are each about 1 mm in length but differ in appearance as adults, as shown in Figure 1. Hermaphrodites produce both oocytes and sperm and can reproduce by self-fertilization. Males, which arise spontaneously at low frequency, can fertilize hermaphrodites; hermaphrodites cannot fertilize each other. A hermaphrodite that has not mated lays about 300 eggs during its reproductive life span. Juvenile worms hatch and develop through four stages (commonly referred to as larval stages, although no metamorphosis is involved), punctuated by molts. The mature adult emerging from the fourth molt is fertile for about 4 days and then lives for an additional 10–15 days. C. elegans is a simple organism, both anatomically and genetically. The adult hermaphrodite has only 959 somatic nuclei, and the adult male has only 1031. The haploid genome size is 8 × 10 7 nucleotide pairs, about eight times that of the yeast Saccharomyces or one-half that of the fruit fly Drosophila. C. elegans is easily maintained in the laboratory, where it can be grown on agar plates or in liquid culture with Escherichia coli as a food source (see Methods). It can also be grown axenically in liquid media. Individual animals are conveniently observed and manipulated with the aid of a dissecting microscope,...
Chemical Reagents for Enhanced Coal Flotation (2002)

Designing new reagents is of vital importance for the flotation of coal, especially for processing low-rank and/or oxidized coals, which are difficult to float with commonly used fuel oil or kerosene because of the high surface oxygen content. Because of the complex nature of coal surfaces, both hydrogen bonding and aromatic-aromatic interactions were considered in searching for more effective coal collectors. The flotation of two high-sulfur coals was studied in detail, using a series of nonionic surfactants as collectors containing oxygenated as well as aromatic functional groups. Most of the work was conducted with tetra-hydrofurfuryl esters (THF) as the coal collectors, and the performance of these reagents was compared with that of two oily collectors, namely dodecane and nonylbenzene. With some of the reagents, comparable combustible matter recovery can be achieved at a fraction of the dosage of dodecane collector required. More important was the performance of these compounds as promoters for oxidized coal flotation. Finally, joint collector flotation experiments were conducted, and the results showed that a very small addition of a THF reagent before the dodecane addition greatly enhances the flotation of coal. Mechanisms of interaction of these compounds with coal are suggested.
Office Information Systems and Computer Science (1980)

article Free Access Share on Office Information Systems and Computer Science Authors: Clarence A. Ellis Xerox, Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, California Xerox, Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , Gary J. Nutt Xerox, Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, California Xerox, Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 12Issue 1March 1980 pp 27–60https://doi.org/10.1145/356802.356805Published:01 March 1980Publication History 230citation2,923DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations230Total Downloads2,923Last 12 Months270Last 6 weeks55 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Low Temperature H<sub>2</sub>S Removal with Metal-Doped Nanostructure ZnO Sorbents: Study of the Origin of Enhanced Reactivity in Cu-Containing Materials (2011)

Sulfidation of pure and metal-doped ZnO nanostructure sorbents (M0.03Zn0.97O, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) was studied in order to clarify the effect of metal on the transformation kinetics at 200−350 °C. The solids were prepared by coprecipitation from metal nitrate solution followed by calcination at 400 °C. Reaction with H2S was studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) using a gas mixture containing 0.2 vol % H2S in equimolar H2−N2. It was found that at 350 °C the TGA sulfidation profiles of all studied samples are similar, with the interface reaction being the main rate-determining step. After lowering the temperature to 250 °C the transformation of Cu0.03Zn0.97O continues to be controlled by the interface reaction with only a slightly decreased rate. In contrast, for all other samples the diffusion resistance appears, provoking a significant drop of their transformation rates. This finding shows that during sulfidation of Cu-doped ZnO the diffusion is faster than for all other sorbents. The same effect was observed for the sample prepared by impregnation of ZnO powder and containing supported Cu species. In order to understand the origin of this effect, the sulfided sorbents were characterized by XRD and N2 physisorption, and no correlation was found between the sulfidation rate and textural properties of formed sulfides. This result indicates that sulfur transport during sulfidation occurs by solid state rather than gas phase diffusion. Also XPS has shown that Cu2S−ZnS solid solution is formed during sulfidation of the Cu-doped solids. We thus suggest that diffusion enhancement in the presence of copper is brought about by sulfur vacancies created through charge compensation of Cu+ replacing Zn2+.
Herpes Simplex Virus Virion Host Shutoff Protein Is Stimulated by Translation Initiation Factors eIF4B and eIF4H (2004)

The virion host shutoff protein (vhs) of herpes simplex virus triggers accelerated degradation of cellular and viral mRNAs while sparing other cytoplasmic RNA species. Previous work has shown that vhs forms a complex with translation initiation factor eIF4H, which displays detectable RNase activity in the absence of other viral or host proteins. However, the contributions of eIF4H and other host factors to the activity and mRNA targeting properties of vhs have not yet been directly examined. An earlier report from our laboratory demonstrated that rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) contains one or more factors that strongly stimulate the RNase activity of vhs produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report here that such yeast extracts display significant vhs-dependent RNase activity in the absence of mammalian factors. This activity differs from that displayed by vhs generated in RRL in that it is not targeted to the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Activity was strongly enhanced by the addition of RRL, eIF4H, or the related translation factor eIF4B. RRL also reconstituted strong targeting to the EMCV IRES, resulting in a major change in the RNA cleavage pattern. In contrast, eIF4H and eIF4B did not reconstitute IRES-directed targeting. These data indicate that eIF4B and 4H stimulate the nuclease activity of vhs, and they provide evidence that additional mammalian factors are required for targeting to the EMCV IRES.
Ce-Duox1/BLI-3 Generates Reactive Oxygen Species as a Protective Innate Immune Mechanism in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2009)

Caenorhabditis elegans was recently developed as a model system to study both pathogen virulence mechanisms and host defense responses. We previously demonstrated that C. elegans produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to exposure to the important gram-positive nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. We also presented evidence of oxidative stress and upregulation of stress responses after exposure to the pathogen. As in mammalian systems, this new work shows that production of ROS for innate immune functions occurs via an NADPH oxidase. Specifically, reducing expression of a dual oxidase, Ce-Duox1/BLI-3, causes a decrease in ROS production in response to E. faecalis. We also present evidence that reduction of expression of Ce-Duox1/BLI-3 increases susceptibility to this pathogen, specifically when expression is reduced in the intestine and the hypodermis. Ce-Duox1/BLI-3 was previously characterized as having a role in cuticle cross-linking. Two C. elegans mutants with point mutations in the peroxidase domain that exhibit severe cuticle defects were discovered to be unaffected in ROS production or pathogen susceptibility. These results demonstrate an important biological role for the peroxidase domain in cuticle cross-linking that is unrelated to ROS production. To further demonstrate the protective effects of the pathogen-induced ROS production, we show that antioxidants that scavenge ROS increase the sensitivity of the nematode to the infection, in stark contrast to their longevity-promoting effects under nonpathogenic conditions. In conclusion, we postulate that the generation of ROS by NADPH oxidases in the barrier epithelium is an ancient, highly conserved innate immune defense mechanism.
Gene Microarray Analysis of Peripheral Blood Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2004)

The importance of genetic predisposition, inflammation, and autoimmune mechanisms in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is becoming increasingly clear. We hypothesized that the analysis of gene expression profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells would distinguish patients with PAH from normal volunteers. We also hypothesized that a subset of genes would discriminate between patients with idiopathic PAH and pulmonary hypertension related to secondary causes. Mononuclear cells were isolated from 15 patients diagnosed with PAH and 6 normal control subjects. Microarray expression was performed, and the expression profiles were analyzed for consistent and predictive differences in gene expression. We identified a signature set of 106 genes that discriminated with high certainty (p < or = 0.002) between patients with PAH and normal individuals. The results of the microarray analysis were retrospectively and prospectively confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 2 of the 106 genes. Supervised clustering analysis generated a list of differentially expressed genes between patients with idiopathic and secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension. Microarray expression profiling of peripheral blood cells can discriminate between patients with PAH and normal volunteers. These findings may have important implications toward diagnosis, screening, and pathogenesis of this disease.
Fabrication of integrated micromachined electron guns (1995)

We present a novel process for the fabrication of silicon tip emitters with self-aligned planar tungsten gate electrodes formed by low-temperature selective chemical vapor deposition. Emitters with tip radii of less than 20 nm and gate apertures with diameters of 0.5 μm have been fabricated using this process. The planar nature of the process allows the integration of multiple additional planar tungsten electrodes to produce an entire micromachined electron gun on a single silicon substrate. The gate electrode is self-aligned. Misalignment of the lens electrodes, typically less than 0.25 μm, can be corrected using integrated microelectromechanical actuators or multipole electrodes. Fabrication of multiple levels of complex suspended tungsten microstructures is demonstrated using a multiple level planar tungsten process. Test structures consisting of three levels of suspended tungsten honeycomb microstructures (1.5 μm tungsten beam width, 5 μm aperture diameter) and suspended microstages with integrated actuators are shown.
Hearing aids for profoundly deaf people based on a new parametric concept (2002)

People with severe hearing loss only have a minor part of the frequency range available for reception of information in speech signals. These people do not benefit from normal hearing aids as the information in high frequency parts of the speech is not available. To overcome this problem the authors have developed a new method enabling to present information from the frequency range of interest in the frequency range available for the hearing disabled. By means of parametric modeling of the speech production system, transforming the speech production model to match the available frequency range, and then finally resynthesize the speech using this transformed model, one can present the speech information of interest in a frequency range at choice. This concept is believed to reduce wideband background noise which is a problem for hearing disabled as well as for people with normal hearing ability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Consensus Paper on Venous Leg Ulcer (1992)

This is a condensed consensus report, summarizing the present status of various aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of venous ulcers. There are conflicting results regarding the prevalence of venous ulcers ranging from 0.18 to 1.3%, depending on the types of ulcers reported. With regard to macrovascular changes preceding venous leg ulceration, ambulatory venous hypertension is the common pathway, usually related to incompetent perforating veins and the deep venous system. Obstruction of the deep venous system seems to be less frequently related to venous ulcers. Microvascular changes have been recently studied in more detail; morphologic as well as functional changes are summarized and considered from the viewpoint of various hypotheses, including fibrin cuff, leukocyte adhesion, etc. Various investigational approaches are summarized and recommendations for the most cost-effective diagnostic tests are given. Finally, conservative medical as well as surgical treatment avenues are evaluated. Emphasis is given to the normalization of ambulatory venous pressure by sclerotherapy, ligation, or other surgical procedures, in addition to compression. The consensus report is concluded by detailed recommendations for future clinical trials.
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Psychrophilic, Neutrophilic, Fe-Oxidizing, Chemolithoautotrophic α- and γ- <i>Proteobacteria</i> from the Deep Sea (2003)

We report the isolation and physiological characterization of novel, psychrophilic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) from low-temperature weathering habitats in the vicinity of the Juan de Fuca deep-sea hydrothermal area. The FeOB were cultured from the surfaces of weathered rock and metalliferous sediments. They are capable of growth on a variety of natural and synthetic solid rock and mineral substrates, such as pyrite (FeS(2)), basalt glass ( approximately 10 wt% FeO), and siderite (FeCO(3)), as their sole energy source, as well as numerous aqueous Fe substrates. Growth temperature characteristics correspond to the in situ environmental conditions of sample origin; the FeOB grow optimally at 3 to 10 degrees C and at generation times ranging from 57 to 74 h. They are obligate chemolithoautotrophs and grow optimally under microaerobic conditions in the presence of an oxygen gradient or anaerobically in the presence of nitrate. None of the strains are capable of using any organic or alternate inorganic substrates tested. The bacteria are phylogenetically diverse and have no close Fe-oxidizing or autotrophic relatives represented in pure culture. One group of isolates are gamma-Proteobacteria most closely related to the heterotrophic bacterium Marinobacter aquaeolei (87 to 94% sequence similarity). A second group of isolates are alpha-Proteobacteria most closely related to the deep-sea heterotrophic bacterium Hyphomonas jannaschiana (81 to 89% sequence similarity). This study provides further evidence for the evolutionarily widespread capacity for Fe oxidation among bacteria and suggests that FeOB may play an unrecognized geomicrobiological role in rock weathering in the deep sea.
Laser-fabricated fiber-optic taps (1990)

A CO(2)-laser-based laser ablative chemical etching (LACE) technique was used for the rapid (milliseconds) fabrication of micrometer-scale taps in the cladding of multimode silica optical fibers. In the initial experiments the optical-quality surfaces of the etched groove directionally radiate approximately one third of the total tap output. The fraction of the guided optical energy tapped out can be easily and precisely controlled by the laser parameters. The radiation patter from the tap is in reasonably good agrement with initial theoretical calculations. This novel LACE-based tap manufacturing technique permits computer-controlled, rapid, and inexpensive fabrication of the high-quality fiber-optic taps needed for realizing various fiber-optic signal-processing, interconnection, monitoring, and sensor systems.
[Obesity in childhood, seen by the pediatrician (author's transl)]. (1977)

Presently, obesity is beginning more and more in early childhood. This is one of negative factors of civilization. Author describes biochemical properties and the sequelae of obesity (high morbidity and mortality). The role of psychic resp. educational factors is stressed. A program of a fasting cure in a childrens clinic is dealt with.
Neuroligin‐3‐deficient mice: model of a monogenic heritable form of autism with an olfactory deficit (2009)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable clinical severity. Core symptoms are qualitatively impaired communication and social behavior, highly restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Although recent work on genetic mutations in ASD has shed light on the pathophysiology of the disease, classifying it essentially as a synaptopathy, no treatments are available to date. To develop and test novel ASD treatment approaches, validated and informative animal models are required. Of particular interest, in this context are loss-of-function mutations in the postsynaptic cell adhesion protein neuroligin-4 and point mutations in its homologue neuroligin-3 (NL-3) that were found to cause certain forms of monogenic heritable ASD in humans. Here, we show that NL-3-deficient mice display a behavioral phenotype reminiscent of the lead symptoms of ASD: reduced ultrasound vocalization and a lack of social novelty preference. The latter may be related to an olfactory deficiency observed in the NL-3 mutants. Interestingly, such olfactory phenotype is also present in a subgroup of human ASD patients. Tests for learning and memory showed no gross abnormalities in NL-3 mutants. Also, no alterations were found in time spent in social interaction, prepulse inhibition, seizure propensity and sucrose preference. As often seen in adult ASD patients, total brain volume of NL-3 mutant mice was slightly reduced as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our findings show that the NL-3 knockout mouse represents a useful animal model for understanding pathophysiological events in monogenic heritable ASD and for developing novel treatment strategies in this devastating human disorder.
Virtual Machine Resource Allocation for Service Hosting on Heterogeneous Distributed Platforms (2012)

We propose algorithms for allocating multiple resources to competing services running in virtual machines on heterogeneous distributed platforms. We develop a theoretical problem formulation and compare these algorithms via simulation experiments based in part on workload data supplied by Google. Our main finding is that vector packing approaches proposed in the homogeneous case can be extended to provide high-quality solutions in the heterogeneous case, and combined to provide a single efficient algorithm. We also consider the case when there may be bounded errors in estimates of performance-related resource needs. We provide a heuristic for compensating for such errors that performs well in simulation, as well as a proof of the worst-case competitive ratio for the single-resource, single-node case when there is no bound on the error.