gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral gc analysis of enantiomerically pure fenchone in essential oils (1992)

Abstract Enantiomerically pure ( + )‐fenchone was detected in the essential oils of wild, bitter and sweet fennel plants and seeds. Enantiomerically pure ( ‐ )‐fenchone was detected in the oils of wormwood, tansy and cedarleaf. Determination of the enantiomeric purity of fenchone in laboratory‐made essential oils and in essential oils and samples of fenchone from commercial sources, was performed by direct capillary gas chromatography on a Lipodex R E column.
Clinical Relevance of the PML/RAR-a Gene Rearrangement in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (1994)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the t(15;17) cytogenetic translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) have been recently elucidated. Together with new insights into the understanding of APL pathogenesis, such investigations also provided the availability of a novel leukemia-specific marker to be used for both diagnostic and monitoring studies. The chromosome breakpoints of the t(15;17) have been shown to involve the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-a) gene and the newly described PML gene on chromosomes 17 and 15, respectively. Rearrangements of these loci are found in virtually 100% of APLs, including the microgranular variant subtype and cases displaying apparently normal karyotypes. In cases with ambiguous morphology, molecular diagnosis may therefore enable the prompt administration of APL-specific therapies, such as all-trans retinoic acid. Significantly, clinical response to this differentiating agent is predictable based on the presence of the specific PML/RAR-a rearrangement. Appropriate oligoprimers complementary to PML and RAR-a sequences nearby the DNA breakpoints may be successfully used in PCR experiments to amplify the PML/RAR-a hybrid gene and sensitively detect minimal residual disease. Preliminary PCR studies indicate that this approach might indeed prove a very important and reliable prognostic indicator in the follow up monitoring of APL patients. Early identification of impending relapse by PCR may suggest the use of additional treatment in patients at risk and significantly increase the probability of cure of the disease.
Massively parallel nanowell-based single-cell gene expression profiling (2017)

Overall, ICELL8 provides efficient and cost-effective single-cell expression profiling of thousands of cells, allowing researchers to decipher single-cell transcriptomes within complex biological samples.
Synthesis of a well-defined alternating copolymer of 1,1-diphenylethylene and <i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl substituted styrene by anionic copolymerization: toward tailored graft copolymers with controlled side chain densities (2019)

Well-defined alternating copolymers comprising 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) and styrene derivative having sterically bulky <italic>tert</italic>-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl group at the <italic>meta</italic> position (St-TBS) were successfully synthesized.
The EntF and EntE adenylation domains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> enterobactin synthetase: Sequestration and selectivity in acyl-AMP transfers to thiolation domain cosubstrates (2000)

Enterobactin, the tris-(N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)serine) trilactone siderophore of Escherichia coli, is synthesized by a three-protein (EntE, B, F) six-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). In this work, the 142-kDa four-domain protein EntF was bisected into two double-domain fragments: a 108-kDa condensation and adenylation construct, EntF C-A, and a 37-kDa peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) and thioesterase protein, EntF PCP-TE. The adenylation domain activity of EntF C-A formed seryl-AMP but lost the ability to transfer the seryl moiety to the cognate EntF PCP-TE in trans. Seryl transfer to heterologous PCP protein fragments, the SrfB1 PCP from surfactin synthetase and Ybt PCP1 from yersiniabactin synthetase, was observed at rates of 0.5 min(-1) and 0.01 min(-1), respectively. The possibility that these slow acylation rates reflected dissociation of acyl/aminoacyl-AMP followed by adventitious thiolation by the heterologous PCPs in solution was addressed by measuring catalytic turnover of pyrophosphate (PP(i)) released from the adenylation domain. The holo SrfB1 PCP protein as well as Ybt PCP1 did not stimulate an increase in PP(i) release from EntF C-A or EntE. In this light, aminoacylations in trans between A and PCP domain fragments of NRPS assembly lines must be subjected to kinetic scrutiny to determine whether transfer is truly between protein domains or results from slow aminoacyl-AMP release and subsequent nonenzymatic thiol capture.
Characterization of paracellular and aqueous penetration routes in cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera. (1997)

The conjunctival epithelium, due to its higher membrane permeability and larger absorptive and intercellular space surface areas, is the most viable route for ocular delivery of peptides and oligonucleotides.
A useful concept? (1974)

I should like to express agreement with Dr Merrison's note (Physics Bulletin November 1974) in as much as he states that we need to be suspicious of the concept of usefulness. At the same time, he seems to have finished his note in some confusion.
A Comparison of the Hemostatic Effects of Notoginseng and Yun Nan Bai Yao to Placebo Control (2005)

AbstractIntroduction: We previously demonstrated the hemostatic effects of notoginseng using a rat bleeding model. Yun Nan Bai Yao is a proprietary product for external use in China to treat bleeding but the hemostatic effects have not been proven. This study was conducted to compare the hemostatic effects of notoginseng to that of Yun Nan Bai Yao and placebo control.Methods: Rats (n = 37) were randomized into 3 groups and their tails were transected 5 mm from the tip in this blinded investigation. Group 1 received placebo (wheat flour, n = 17), group 2 received notoginseng (n = 10) and group 3 received the Yun Nan Bai Yao (n = 10). The total bleeding time was determined and compared among groups.Results: Bleeding time in minutes was 29.7% and 22.3% lower in the notoginseng and Yun Nan Bai Yao groups than the placebo group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found between the two active groups (p = 0.418).Conclusions: When applied externally, both notoginseng and Yun Nan Bai Yao pro.Key Words: Yun Nan Bai Yaobleedingnotoginsenghemostatic Additional informationNotes on contributorsChengde FanF. U. Alakbarov is Head Scientific Officer, expert in the Oriental and Folk Medicine, Institute of Manuscripts of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, 8 Istiglaliyat str., Baku, 370001, Azerbaijan.At the time of writing Liya Davydov was PharmD candidate, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's University. Currently, she is Pharmacy Practice Resident, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.Ila Mehra Harris is Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, and Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family Practice & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.Colin J. Briggs is Professor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba. Recently he completed a secondment to Health Canada, as Senior Science Advisor in the Therapeutics Products Programme with special responsibility for complementary medicines.Gemma Briggs is Research Assistant, IMPACT, The Injury Prevention Centre of Children's Hospital, 501G-715 John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.Mary Chavezis Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Director of Complementary Medicine Education and Research, The Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Glendale, AZ 85308.
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of adapalene and azithromycin, alone or in combination, in acne vulgaris (2007)

<b>Introduction:</b> Acne vulgaris, a disorder of the pilosebaceous structure, is a common disorder in adolescents and young adults that is associated with significant morbidity. <b> Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the drugs adapalene and azithromycin, given separately and in combination in acne vulgaris. <b> Methodology:</b> A total of 61 newly attending cases of inflammatory acne vulgaris were considered the study. They were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 received topical adapalene (0.01%) gel, group 2 received oral azithromycin, whereas group 3 was given a combination of these two. The patients were treated for a period of 12 weeks, being reviewed every fortnightly. The results obtained were analyzed in detail using statistical methods. <b> Results:</b> The combination of adapalene and azithromycin caused the highest reduction in the inflamed lesion count followed by azithromycin given singly. Further, monotherapy with adapalene was used. However, this difference in efficacy was small and not statistically significant (<i> P</i> = 0.717). Azithromycin lead to a rapid reduction in the inflammatory lesion count, but it had negligible action on noninflamed lesions. <b> Conclusion:</b> At the end of 12 weeks of treatment, the three treatment groups showed no statistically significant difference in the efficacy in inflammatory acne.
Good Things Come to Those Who (Can) Wait or How to Handle Delay Tolerant Traffic and Make Peace on the Internet. (2008)

Recent revelations that ISPs selectively manipulate P2P traffic have sparked much public discussion. Underlying this issue is the misalignment of interests between consumers on one hand who desire bulk transfers at flat rates, and ISPs on the other hand who are bound by budget and capacity constraints. Our thesis is that much of the tension can be alleviated by time-shifting traffic away from peak hours taking advantage of its Delay Tolerant (DT) nature. We propose two solutions for doing this. The first one offers incentives to end-users to shift their DT traffic and yet be compatible with flat-rate charging schemes. The second one posits augmenting the network with additional storage in the form of Internet Post Offices which can let ISPs perform store-and forward relaying of such DT traffic. 1.
Analysis of discontinuous reception (DRX) with both downlink and uplink packet arrivals in 3GPP LTE (2011)

We mathematically analyze the discontinuous reception (DRX), a power saving mechanism in 3GPP LTE where both downlink and uplink packet arrivals at a user equipment (UE) and an evolved node B (eNB) follow Poisson processes. We construct a 2-dimensional discrete time embedded Markov chain. We obtain the average power consumption, average downlink delay and average uplink delay. The analytical results match with the simulation results very well. We show that there is a tradeoff between the power consumption and the downlink delay, i.e., the average power consumption decreases and the average downlink delay increases as the DRX cycle increases or the inactivity time decreases. We also see that a presence of uplink packet decreases the downlink packet delay, but increases the power consumption.
Graphene-Based Platforms for Cancer Therapeutics (2016)

Graphene is a multifunctional carbon nanomaterial and could be utilized to develop platform technologies for cancer therapies. Its surface can be covalently and noncovalently functionalized with anticancer drugs and functional groups that target cancer cells and tissue to improve treatment efficacies. Furthermore, its physicochemical properties can be harnessed to facilitate stimulus responsive therapeutics and drug delivery. This review article summarizes the recent literature specifically focused on development of graphene technologies to treat cancer. We will focus on advances at the interface of graphene based drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy and combinations of these techniques. We also discuss the current understanding in cytocompatibility and biocompatibility issues related to graphene formulations and their implications pertinent to clinical cancer management.
Post-growth tuning of inverted cavity InGaAs/AlGaAs spatial light modulators using phase compensating dielectric mirrors (1995)

A novel method is demonstrated for the correction of cavity thickness deviations imposed by technological limitations in the growth process of a resonant cavity spatial light modulator. This method is based on cavity phase compensation through the use of an externally-deposited dielectric Bragg mirror and provides an effective means of optimizing the device characteristics. In particular, such mirrors can significantly relax otherwise stringent epitaxial growth requirements in the fabrication of hybrid silicon/compound-semiconductor spatial light modulators incorporating Fabry–Perot cavities. We further demonstrate deposition of a conductive, index-tunable indium tin oxide (ITO) antireflection coating that is designed to maximize the contrast ratio and throughput of the inverted-cavity modulator configuration.
Anti‑aging effect of fullerenol on skin aging through derived stem cells in a mouse model (2017)

Fullerenol is similar to graphite in terms of structure. In the present study, the anti-aging effect of fullerenol on skin through derived stem cells in a mouse model was assessed and the potential mechanism of fullerenol was investigated. The anti-aging effect of fullerenol effectively inhibited the retention rate of transplanted adipose-derived stem cells and increased the thickness of the dermal portion of skin and collagen ratio in mice. The effect of fullerenol on the proliferation of stem cells was observed. Treatment with fullerenol effectively promoted the mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in a mouse model of skin aging induced by D-galactose. However, fullerenol treatment effectively suppressed the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and increased forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) protein expression in the mice model of skin aging induced by D-galactose. These results demonstrate that the anti-aging effect of fullerenol on skin through derived stem cells may be mediated in mice via the PPAR-γ/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
Formal Verification of Safety Properties for Ownership Authentication Transfer Protocol (2012)

In ubiquitous computing devices, users tend to store some valuable information in their device. Even though the device can be borrowed by the other user temporarily, it is not safe for any user to borrow or lend the device as it may cause private data of the user to be public. To safeguard the user data and also to preserve user privacy we propose and model the technique of ownership authentication transfer. The user who is willing to sell the device has to transfer the ownership of the device under sale. Once the device is sold and the ownership has been transferred, the old owner will not be able to use that device at any cost. Either of the users will not be able to use the device if the process of ownership has not been carried out properly. This also takes care of the scenario when the device has been stolen or lost, avoiding the impersonation attack. The aim of this paper is to model basic process of proposed ownership authentication transfer protocol and check its safety properties by representing it using CSP and model checking approach. For model checking we have used a symbolic model checker tool called NuSMV. The safety properties of ownership transfer protocol has been modeled in terms of CTL specification and it is observed that the system satisfies all the protocol constraint and is safe to be deployed.
Binary Ti Plasmid Vectors (2003)

Living organisms have been continuously evolving by assimilating new genetic material from the environment. However, this progress is very slow and often limited to transfer of genetic materials among closely related species. Recent developments in molecular biology and gene transfer techniques enable researchers to move genetic information among a variety of living organisms. Gene transfer techniques for higher plants can be divided into two major methods: direct DNA transfer and Agrobacterium-mediated tumor inducing (Ti)-plasmid-vector methods. Direct DNA transfer methods have been used for the transformation of a wide variety of species, especially those plant species that are recalcitrant to transformation with Ti plasmid vectors. However, the direct DNA transfer method requires more manipulation and transformation efficiency is generally much lower compared to the Ti-plasmid-vector system. Furthermore, it appears that stability of introduced genes is lower when DNA was directly transferred. Therefore, Ti vectors are commonly used for transformation of most dicot plant species that are, in general, more readily transformed using Agrobacterium-mediated DNA delivery.
The future of the accounting profession: a global perspective (1993)

Trouble in the Accounting Profession A Short History of Accounting The Development of Accounting Thought Generally Accepted Accounting Principles The Auditing Problem International Accounting and Auditing A Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting Regulation of Financial Reporting--the Disclosure Issue Financial Reporting and Changing Prices Current Cost Accounting The Financial Statements Improving the Financial Statements The Future of Auditing The Future of Financial Reporting
Suctioning flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the oblique supine lithotomy position and supine lithotomy position: a comparative retrospective study (2018)

Suctioning flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy with automatic control of renal pelvic pressure in the oblique supine lithotomy position was safe and more effective than in the supine lithotomy position.
Estimating the Diversity, Completeness, and Cross-Reactivity of the T Cell Repertoire (2013)

In order to recognize and combat a diverse array of pathogens the immune system has a large repertoire of T cells having unique T cell receptors (TCRs) with only a few clones specific for any given antigen. We discuss how the number of different possible TCRs encoded in the genome (the potential repertoire) and the number of different TCRs present in an individual (the realized repertoire) can be measured. One puzzle is that the potential repertoire greatly exceeds the realized diversity of naïve T cells within any individual. We show that the existing hypotheses fail to explain why the immune system has the potential to generate far more diversity than is used in an individual, and propose an alternative hypothesis of "evolutionary sloppiness." Another immunological puzzle is why mice and humans have similar repertoires even though humans have over 1000-fold more T cells. We discuss how the idea of the "protecton," the smallest unit of protection, might explain this discrepancy and estimate the size of "protecton" based on available precursor frequencies data. We then consider T cell cross-reactivity - the ability of a T cell clone to respond to more than one epitope. We extend existing calculations to estimate the extent of expected cross-reactivity between the responses to different pathogens. Our results are consistent with two observations: a low probability of observing cross-reactivity between the immune responses to two randomly chosen pathogens; and the ensemble of memory cells being sufficiently diverse to generate cross-reactive responses to new pathogens.
Western Australian Marine Engineering: Its History and Preservation; A Case Study of the West Ho Marine Engine Restoration (1990)

Marine engine design and development began in Western Australia by enterprising people adapting commercial models of motorbike engines, modifying outboard motors to inboard motors and developing improvements of existing marine engines. One of Western Australia's first pioneers was Ingvald (Tommy) Overgaard making inboard marine engines sold under the brand name West Ho. Opening his own engineering business in 1933, his work included replacing cylinders of Evinrude Elto outboards, adapting defunct Harley Davidson motorbike engines to inboard marine engines and then manufacturing single and later twin cylinder West Ho engines. The West Ho that was restored is a twin cylinder two stroke petrol engine which develops 8 hp at 1500 rpm. This engine was made in 1958 in the latter part of Overgaad's career. This engine was conserved and restored to working order because it is considered an important part of Western Australian maritime engineering heritage. Another primary reason for restoration was to reduce the corrosion processes usually associated with long term storage of engines. The choice of techniques employed were important so the original integrity of the artefact was preserved. Hence, the chemical conservation regimes were organized to suit this purpose and develop professional standards for museums. In the absence of any published guidelines for the long term preservation of historic engines for museums, this paper addresses some of the existing problems. The completion of the West Ho engine restoration marks the initial steps in the continued success of the diuturnal programme of historic engine conservation.
Chemosensitization of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with cyclosporin A in post-liver transplant patient plasma. (1996)

We previously showed that combined neoadjuvant doxorubicin (DOX) treatment and orthotopic liver transplantation produced a 3-year tumor-free survival rate of 54% in stage II-IVa nonresectable hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). These patients received posttransplant immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporin A (CsA). CsA has been shown to modify the function of a membrane P-glycoprotein (Pgp) whose overexpression is associated with a multidrug-resistant (MDR1) phenotype. This study utilized HCC cell lines to characterize the in vitro chemomodulatory properties of CsA as found in posttransplant patient plasma to consider the hypothesis that CsA may prolong posttransplant survival by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of DOX against multidrug-resistant hepatoma cells. We characterized Pgp expression in the HCC lines Hep3B, Hep G2, and SK-HEP-1 by immunohistochemistry and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The combined cytotoxicity of DOX + CsA was examined by [3H]thymidine uptake and flow cytometric drug-retention assays. Pgp expression was assessed further after prolonged (10-day) treatment with CsA. Hep3B and Hep G2 cells expressed low to moderate levels of Pgp. The effective DOX dose required for inhibiting MDR1(+) Hep3B and Hep G2 cell proliferation by 50% (DOX IC50) was 44.5 ng/ml and 43.5 microgram/ml, as compared with 10.7 ng/ml for Pgp-negative SK-HEP-1 cells. Optimal concentrations of CsA (0.8 micrometer) lowered DOX IC50 for Hep3B cells and Hep G2 cells by 6-fold and 4-fold, respectively. Similarly, plasma from patients containing immunosuppressive levels of CsA lowered DOX IC50 of the MDR1(+) Hep G2 cells by up to 4-fold. Prolonged exposure to CsA did not affect its chemosensitizing capacity or Pgp expression of HCC cells. PSC-833, a nonimmunosuppressive analogue of CsA, was equally effective in reducing the DOX IC50 of MDR1(+) HCC cells. CsA and PSC-833 increased drug retention by approximately 75%, but did not significantly affect hepatoma cell viability or Pgp expression. Pharmacological concentrations of cyclosporin analogues, including one nonimmunosuppressive form, enhance DOX cytotoxicity of MDR1(+) HCC cells by modulating drug retention. CsA as found in posttransplant patient plasma enhanced DOX cytotoxicity to human MDR1(+) hepatoma cells in vitro, albeit at less than optimal chemosensitizing concentrations. Prolonged exposure to CsA did not affect its chemosensitizing properties or block Pgp expression of HCC cells. These findings support our hypothesis that in vivo immunosuppressive levels of CsA may enhance DOX chemotherapeutic efficacy on MDR1(+) HCC cells.