gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors defining a pacemaker region for synchrony in the hippocampus (2007)

Synchronous activities of neuronal populations are often initiated in a pacemaker region and spread to recruit other regions. Here we examine factors that define a pacemaker site. The CA3a region acts as the pacemaker for disinhibition induced synchrony in guinea pig hippocampal slices and CA3b is a follower region. We found CA3a pyramidal cells were more excitable and fired in bursts more frequently than CA3b cells. CA3a cells had more complex dendritic arbors than CA3b cells especially in zones targetted by recurrent synapses. The product of the density of pyramidal cell axon terminals and dendritic lengths in innervated zones predicted a higher recurrent synaptic connectivity in the CA3a than in the CA3b region. We show that some CA3a cells but few CA3b cells behave as pacemaker cells by firing early during population events and by recruiting follower cells to fire. With a greater excitability and enhanced synaptic connectivity these CA3a cells may also possess initiating functions for other hippocampal ensemble activities initiated in this region.
Real-Time Sky-View Factor Calculation and Approximation (2004)

Previously, the acquisition of sky-view factor data for climate studies has been time consuming and dependent on postprocessing. However, advances in technology now mean that techniques using fish-eye imagery can be algorithmically processed in real time to provide an instant calculation of the sky-view factor. Although data collection is often limited due to the need to survey under homogenous overcast skies, vast datasets can now be rapidly assembled for the training of proxy "all weather'' techniques. An artificial neural network is used to estimate the sky-view factor using raw global positioning system (GPS) data and is shown to explain over 69% of the variation of the sky-view factor in urban areas.
The Radiocarbon Intracavity Optogalvanic Spectroscopy Setup at Uppsala (2013)

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is by far the predominant technology deployed for radiocarbon tracer studies. Applications are widespread from archaeology to biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical sciences. In spite of its excellent performance, AMS is expensive and complicated to operate. Consequently, alternative detection techniques for 14 C are of great interest, with the vision of a compact, user-friendly, and inexpensive analytical method. Here, we report on the use of intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy (ICOGS) for measurements of the 14 C/ 12 C ratio. This new detection technique was developed by Murnick et al. (2008). In the infrared (IR) region, CO 2 molecules have strong absorption coefficients. The IR-absorption lines are narrow in line width and shifted for different carbon isotopes. These properties can potentially be exploited to detect 14 CO 2 , 13 CO 2 , or 12 CO 2 molecules unambiguously. In ICOGS, the sample is in the form of CO 2 gas, eliminating the graphitization step that h is required in most AMS labs. The status of the ICOGS setup in Uppsala is presented. The system is operational but not yet fully developed. Data are presented for initial results that illustrate the dependence of the optogalvanic signal on various parameters, such as background and plasma-induced changes in the sample gas composition.
Electroless Nickel Plating Using DMAB as 2nd Reducing Agent. (1997)

電子部品の小型化に伴い, 高密度な配線を有するプリント配線板が必要となってきた。一般に, 配線パターンのメタライジングには, 電気めっきが適用されている。しかし, 配線の高密度化に伴い, 電気めっきによるメタライジングが困難となってきた。そこで, 電気めっきに代わり, 無電解めっきによる微細パターンのメタライジング技術が注目されている。従来, 配線材料として銅が使用され, 銅配線上にニッケルめっきを施し, 続いてプリント配線板と電子部品とを接続するために金めっきが行われている。銅基板上へ無電解ニッケルめっきを行う場合, 銅が次亜リン酸の酸化反応に対して触媒性を持たないためにパラジウム触媒処理が施されている。もし, パラジウム触媒処理を施さず, 銅基板上に無電解ニッケルめっきが可能であれば, 無電解ニッケルの異常析出を抑制できる。そこで, パラジウム触媒処理を施すことなく, 銅上に無電解ニッケルめっきする方法について検討した。還元剤として次亜リン酸およびジメチルアミンボランを使用することで, 銅上に無電解ニッケルめっきが可能であった。還元剤の酸化反応を制御することで, 選択性に優れた無電解ニッケル皮膜を得ることが可能であった。
Decoding motor imagery from the posterior parietal cortex of a tetraplegic human (2015)

Nonhuman primate and human studies have suggested that populations of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) may represent high-level aspects of action planning that can be used to control external devices as part of a brain-machine interface. However, there is no direct neuron-recording evidence that human PPC is involved in action planning, and the suitability of these signals for neuroprosthetic control has not been tested. We recorded neural population activity with arrays of microelectrodes implanted in the PPC of a tetraplegic subject. Motor imagery could be decoded from these neural populations, including imagined goals, trajectories, and types of movement. These findings indicate that the PPC of humans represents high-level, cognitive aspects of action and that the PPC can be a rich source for cognitive control signals for neural prosthetics that assist paralyzed patients.
Interplay between structural, chemical, and spectroscopic properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ag</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>111</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>epitaxial ultrathin films: A way to tune the Rashba coupling (2006)

An overview of structural, chemical, and electronic properties of epitaxial $\mathrm{Ag}∕\mathrm{Au}(111)$ ultrathin films investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is presented. New insights are exhibited: (i) a short-range ordered surface reconstruction is clearly observed for deposition at $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$; (ii) self-organized ordering of Ag islands is obtained at $T\ensuremath{\simeq}80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. In this whole temperature range, the $\mathrm{Ag}∕\mathrm{Au}(111)$ interface is shown to be (nearly) abrupt. An annealing of the elaborated room temperature leads to a strong intermixing and favors the formation of a chemically disordered surface alloy. The Shockley state parameters have been fully characterized for both interfaces. Surprisingly, the Rashba parameter is shown to scale the binding energy of the surface state in both cases. A simple one-dimensional model, taking into account the exponential decrease of the surface state wave function, allows us a quantitative understanding of the evolution of the surface state parameters. Indeed, the strength of the spin-orbit splitting is shown to be proportional to the number of heavy atoms probed by the surface state wave function, revealing its atomic character. Therefore, the strength of the Rasba coupling is shown to be tuned by adjusting the number of Ag epitaxial layers or the $\mathrm{Ag}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Au}$ alloy composition.
THE FATTY ACIDS ASSOCIATED WITH RICE STARCH (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE FATTY ACIDS ASSOCIATED WITH RICE STARCHLeo LehrmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 7, 2185–2188Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01382a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01382a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward Always-On Mobile Object Detection: Energy Versus Performance Tradeoffs for Embedded HOG Feature Extraction (2017)

This paper studies the effects of front-end imager parameters on object detection performance and energy consumption. A custom version of histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) features based on 2-b pixel ratios is presented and shown to achieve superior object detection performance for the same estimated energy compared with conventional HOG features. A front-end hardware implementation capable of extracting these features at multiple scales is proposed, and a system-level energy analysis is performed. This energy analysis suggests a potential 19× reduction in I/O energy and a 3.3× reduction in back-end detection energy compared with conventional object detection pipelines.
Iterative least squares method for global positioning system (2011)

Abstract. The efficient implementation of positioning algorithms is investigated for Global Positioning System (GPS). In order to do the positioning, the pseudoranges between the receiver and the satellites are required. The most commonly used algorithm for position computation from pseudoranges is non-linear Least Squares (LS) method. Linearization is done to convert the non-linear system of equations into an iterative procedure, which requires the solution of a linear system of equations in each iteration, i.e. linear LS method is applied iteratively. CORDIC-based approximate rotations are used while computing the QR decomposition for solving the LS problem in each iteration. By choosing accuracy of the approximation, e.g. with a chosen number of optimal CORDIC angles per rotation, the LS computation can be simplified. The accuracy of the positioning results is compared for various numbers of required iterations and various approximation accuracies using real GPS data. The results show that very coarse approximations are sufficient for reasonable positioning accuracy. Therefore, the presented method reduces the computational complexity significantly and is highly suited for hardware implementation.
Lignin Nanotubes As Vehicles for Gene Delivery into Human Cells (2013)

Lignin nanotubes (LNTs) synthesized from the aromatic plant cell wall polymer lignin in a sacrificial alumina membrane template have as useful features their flexibility, ease of functionalization due to the availability of many functional groups, label-free detection by autofluorescence, and customizable optical properties. In this report we show that the physicochemical properties of LNTs can be varied over a wide range to match requirements for specific applications by using lignin with different subunit composition, a function of plant species and genotype, and by choosing the lignin isolation method (thioglycolic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid (Klason), sodium hydroxide lignin), which influences the size and reactivity of the lignin fragments. Cytotoxicity studies with human HeLa cells showed that concentrations of up to 90 mg/mL are tolerated, which is a 10-fold higher concentration than observed for single- or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Confocal microscopy imaging revealed that all LNT formulations enter HeLa cells without auxiliary agents and that LNTs made from NaOH-lignin penetrate the cell nucleus. We further show that DNA can adsorb to LNTs. Consequently, exposure of HeLa cells to LNTs coated with DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) leads to transfection and expression of GFP. The highest transfection efficiency was obtained with LNTs made from NaOH-lignin due to a combination of high DNA binding capacity and DNA delivery directly into the nucleus. These combined features of LNTs make LNTs attractive as smart delivery vehicles of DNA without the cytotoxicity associated with CNTs or the immunogenicity of viral vectors.
Holovideo for everyone: a low-cost holovideo monitor (2013)

This work presents an architecture for a relatively low-cost, pc-driven holovideo monitor. The geometry uses minimal optics and is built to host a multi-channel acousto-optic modulator that can be driven by up-converted VGA signals. The display's target specifications include a standard vertical resolution (480 lines) output driven by an 18 channel acousto-optic modulator, 30Hz refresh-rate and multiple color operation. This paper reports early tests of this geometry with a single acousto-optic channel. The goal is to create a small but functional holographic display that can be readily replicated, easily driven and provide basic monitor functionality with a bill of materials in the hundreds, rather than thousands, of dollars.
Spatial interpretation of domain objects integrated into a freeform electronic whiteboard (1998)

Our goal is to provide tools to support working meetings on an electronic whiteboard, called Tivoli. This paper describes how we have integrated structured domain objects, which represent the subject matter of meetings, into the freeform whiteboard environment. Domain objects can be tailored to produce meeting tools that are finely tuned to meeting practices. We describe the language for defining domain objects and show examples of meeting tools that have been built with the language. We show that the system can interpret the spatial relationships of domain objects on the whiteboard to encode the meanings of the spatial arrangements, and we describe the computational mechanisms. We discuss some of the design principles for tailoring gestures for domain objects. Finally, we enumerate the techniques we have used to integrate the structured objects into the freeform whiteboard environment.
The Epithelium-specific ETS Protein EHF/ESE-3 Is a Context-dependent Transcriptional Repressor Downstream of MAPK Signaling Cascades (2001)

Exon trapping and cDNA selection procedures were used to search for novel genes at human chromosome 11p13, a region previously associated with loss of heterozygosity in epithelial carcinomas. Using these approaches, we found the ESE-2 and ESE-3 genes, coding for ETS domain-containing transcription factors. These genes lie in close proximity to the catalase gene within a approximately 200-kilobase genomic interval. ESE-3 mRNA is widely expressed in human tissues with high epithelial content, and immunohistochemical analysis with a newly generated monoclonal antibody revealed that ESE-3 is a nuclear protein expressed exclusively in differentiated epithelial cells and that it is absent in the epithelial carcinomas tested. In transient transfections, ESE-3 behaves as a repressor of the Ras- or phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation of a subset of promoters that contain ETS and AP-1 binding sites. ESE-3-mediated repression is sequence- and context-dependent and depends both on the presence of high affinity ESE-3 binding sites in combination with AP-1 cis-elements and the arrangement of these sites within a given promoter. We propose that ESE-3 might be an important determinant in the control of epithelial differentiation, as a modulator of the nuclear response to mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined NK<sub>1</sub> and NK<sub>2</sub> Tachykinin Receptor Antagonists: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Novel Oxazolidine Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Moist versus dry dentin: its effect on shear bond strength. (1992)

This study compared the shear bond strengths of dentin bonding systems applied to air dried and blot (moist) dried dentin. Five systems with primers possessing hydrophilic properties were evaluated. Three contained acetone. All Bond, Amalgambond, Mirage Bond and Tenure all produced significant statistical improvement in shear bond strength values when applied to moistened dentin. Mirage Bond values quadrupled. Bond strength values with Gluma were compromised by the presence of moisture. It was concluded that acetone probably facilitated deeper and more complete penetration of resin into dentin to enhance micro-mechanical retention. Amalgambond, while free of acetone is strongly hydrophilic and is known to form substantial mechanical bonding through the formation of a resin rich superficial layer of dentin (hybridization). Gluma while hydrophilic does not appear to possess the same behavioral characteristics embodied in the other systems as evidenced from lack of a bond to moist dentin.
Detection of Virus-specific Antigen in the Nuclei or Nucleoli of Cells Infected with Zika or Langat Virus (1988)

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with molecular specificities for either the viral envelope glycoprotein (MAb 541) or the non-structural NS1 glycoprotein (MAb 109) were derived using West Nile and yellow fever (YF) viruses respectively. Their antigenic reactivity with a large number of flaviviruses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Both produced cytoplasmic fluorescent staining patterns with the homologous virus against which they were raised. Additionally, MAb 541 reacted with two substrains of YF virus whereas MAb 109 reacted with Bussuquara, YF and Ntaya viruses. These reactions were exclusively cytoplasmic. Two unexpected patterns of fluorescent labelling were observed when the antibodies were tested with Zika and Langat viruses. MAb 541 produced fluorescent staining of the nuclei, but not the cytoplasm, of cells infected with Zika virus and MAb 109 labelled only the nucleoli of cells infected with Langat virus. Double-labelling experiments showed that the nuclear fluorescent label was confined to virus-infected cells, and antibody absorption experiments with virus-infected cell packs confirmed the virus specificity of the nuclear antigen. The unexpected presence of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of Zika or Langat virus-infected cells brings into question the role of the nucleus in flavivirus replication.
Diminished platelet adherence to type V collagen. (1983)

Different types of collagen vary in their influence on platelet reactivity. Collagen Types III, IV, and V were obtained from human placental tissue, and Type I collagen was prepared from rat skin. Each collagen type was coated onto a plastic surface. Each collagen-coated surface or appropriate plastic surface control was studied using citrated human 51Cr-labeled platelet-rich plasma in both the presence and absence of 10 microM adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP). Both unstimulated and ADP-induced platelet adherence were: 1) reduced by Type V collagen coating in comparison to uncoated wells; and 2) increased by Types III and IV collagen coating in comparison to Type V coated or plastic surfaces. Addition of the fast-acting thrombin inhibitor dansylarginine (DAPA) had no significant effect on unstimulated and ADP-induced platelet adherence to Type III, IV or V collagen-coated surfaces. Type I collagen-coated surfaces, studied only in the presence of DAPA, caused greater platelet adherence than those coated with Types III, IV, or V collagen. We conclude that Type V collagen may be less thrombogenic than Types, I, III, or IV.
A Hybrid VLSI System Architecture for Scientific, Matrix, Image, and DSP Computations (2005)

A hybrid shareddistributed memory systolic architecture is being developed as a means to efficiently perform scientific and DSP computations using multiple VLSI floating point RISC processors, The architecture is dynamically configurable so that the system performs well on vector, scalar, and parallel codes. From one view point, the system appears as a conventional machine capable of running UNIX and standard programs. Yet the system’s memory map is augmented with smart memory segments (or PES) that each contain 512K of 30 ns SRAM and a 40MFLOPs TMS34082 floating point RISC processor. The PES are connected into a bidirectional ring via FIFO buffers. Communication is accelerated using special hardware that overlaps communication cycles with local bus cycles. The machine is currently implemented in software using the Rice Parallel Processing Testbed (RPPT) simulation package. The paper presents the system architecture, programming models, algorithms, and performance results.
Physician interest in breast cancer screening education. A survey of Vermont family physicians. (1989)

A mailed survey of 141 Vermont family physicians (74% participating) was conducted to determine their breast cancer screening practices and beliefs and their interest in receiving training in breast cancer screening. Of these, only 12% reported that at least three fourths of their female patients older than 50 years received mammograms at least once a year, compared with 33% who reported providing breast self-examination instruction and 35% who administered clinical breast examination with at least three fourths of these patients at least once a year. Nevertheless, 55% of the physicians rated mammography as a very effective breast-screening procedure; 28% rated breast self-examination and 16% rated clinical breast examination as very effective. Three fourths of the physicians showed great interest in learning more about breast palpation, breast self-examination instruction, and mammography. Individual instruction in the office was preferred over a group workshop format, and a trained nonphysician health professional was considered as acceptable as a physician to provide the instruction. Results suggest that breast cancer screening education for family physicians is a high priority, and that physicians will welcome such training, particularly if it is office-based.
The cardioprotective effect of γ‐glutamylcysteine ethyl ester during coronary reperfusion in canine hearts (1991)

1. The cardioprotective effect of gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester was investigated on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial damage in anaesthetized dogs. 2. Open chest anaesthetized dogs were divided into four groups: 2 h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD); 2 h LAD occlusion followed by 1 h reperfusion; 2 h LAD occlusion followed by 1 h reperfusion with administration of gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (10 mg kg-1 just before reperfusion); 2 h LAD occlusion followed by 1 h reperfusion with administration of GSH (the reduced form of glutathione, 10 mg kg-1 just before reperfusion). 3. After occlusion or reperfusion, heart mitochondria were prepared from the normal area and the occluded or the reperfused area, and mitochondrial function (rate of oxygen consumption in State III, and respiratory control index) was measured polarographically. 4. Mitochondrial GSH and GSSG (the oxidized form of glutathione) concentrations, and activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were measured. 5. Two h of LAD occlusion induced mitochondrial dysfunction with depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration. One h of reperfusion after 2 h LAD occlusion induced significant mitochondrial dysfunction associated with a marked depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration. 6. gamma-Glutamylcysteine ethyl ester reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration after 2 h LAD occlusion and 1 h reperfusion. In contrast, GSH did not prevent depletion of mitochondrial GSH concentration and mitochondrial dysfunction after 2 h LAD occlusion followed by 1 h reperfusion. 7. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase did not change significantly in each group. 8. One h of reperfusion after 2 h occlusion of LAD induced ventricular arrhythmias. gamma-Glutamylcysteine ethyl ester markedly reduced the development of reperfusion arrhythmias, whilst GSH showed no protective effect.9. Gamma-Glutamylcysteine ethyl ester maintained mitochondrial GSH concentration, prevented reperfusion myocardial damage, and reduced reperfusion arrhythmias.