gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can you recognize a patient at risk for a hypercoagulable state? (2008)

EARN CATEGORY I CME CREDIT by reading this article and the article beginning on page 39 and successfully completing the posttest on page 44. Successful completion is defined as a cumulative score of at least 70% correct. This material has been reviewed and is approved for 1 hour of clinical Category I (Preapproved) CME credit by the AAPA. The term of approval is for 1 year from the publication date of December 2008. Describe the elements of the clotting system Review the workup of excessive clotting, with special focus on laboratory evaluation Outline the differential diagnosis of hypercoagulable states using “5 Ps Had Caused Clots” Know the treatment of hypercoagulability, including lifestyle modifications and medications A disrupted clotting system can lead to life-threatening thrombosis. PAs can use a simple mnemonic to remember the differential diagnosis for hypercoagulable states.
The Tir‐binding region of enterohaemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> intimin is sufficient to trigger actin condensation after bacterial‐induced host cell signalling (1999)

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has emerged as an important agent of diarrhoeal disease. Attachment to host cells, an essential step during intestinal colonization by EHEC, is associated with the formation of a highly organized cytoskeletal structure containing filamentous actin, termed an attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion, directly beneath bound bacteria. The outer membrane protein intimin is required for the formation of this structure, as is Tir, a bacterial protein that is translocated into the host cell and is thought to function as a receptor for intimin. To understand intimin function better, we fused EHEC intimin to a homologous protein, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin, or to maltose-binding protein. The N-terminal 539 amino acids of intimin were sufficient to promote outer membrane localization of the C-terminus of invasin and, conversely, the N-terminal 489 amino acids of invasin were sufficient to promote the localization of the C-terminus of intimin. The C-terminal 181 residues of intimin were sufficient to bind mammalian cells that had been preinfected with an enteropathogenic E. coli strain that expresses Tir but not intimin. Binding of intimin derivatives to preinfected cells correlated with binding to recombinant Tir protein. Finally, the 181-residue minimal Tir-binding region of intimin, when purified and immobilized on latex beads, was sufficient to trigger A/E lesions on preinfected mammalian cells.
Latest Update on Pharmacological Activities of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives (2016)

Heterocyclic compounds have been an interesting area for the study of synthesis and biological activity of novel oxadiazole derivatives for a long time. Heterocyclic compounds possess diverse biological properties that have led to intense study and research of these compounds. One of these compounds 1,3,4-Oxadiazole is a versatile heterocyclic nucleus is a novel molecule which attract the medicinal chemist to search a new therapeutic molecule. 1,3,4-oxadizole exhibited a wide range of biological activities which includes antimicrobial activity, anti-tubercular, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, enzyme inhibitors, anti-HIV activity, antipyretic activity, Immunosuppressive activity, Spasmolytic Activity, antioxidant activity, Anti-Alzheimer’s activity cardiovascular acivity, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor activity, insecticidal activity, CGRP receptor antagonists, anti-anthelmintic activities. Results of various derivatives of different oxadiazole and their substitutions with diverse biological activities are reviewed in present article.
Seminar review: 'evidence: The importance of Hierarchies' (2014)

Earlier this year, Catherine Voutier delivered a nuanced, informative presentation on appraising research in healthcare, titled 'Evidence: the Importance of Hierarchies'. An engaged audience of 33 health information professionals turned up to hear the talk and participate in the subsequent discussion.
Second harmonic generation in free-standing lithium niobate photonic crystal L3 cavity (2013)

We report on second harmonic generation in a photonic crystal L3 cavity drilled in a thin self-suspended lithium niobate membrane. The cavity, resonant for the pump beam in the telecom wavelength range, exhibits a quality factor of around 500. Second harmonic generation has been measured with a low power continuous laser. A conversion efficiency of 6.4×10−9 has been estimated with an input coupled power of 53 μW.
Shape Evolution of Single-Crystalline Iron Oxide Nanocrystals (2004)

Shape- and size-controlled synthesis of single-crystalline maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanocrystals are performed by utilizing a solution-based one-step thermolysis method. Modulating the growth parameters, such as the type and amount of capping ligands as well as the growth time, is shown to have a significant effect on the overall shape and size of the obtained nanocrystals and on the ripening process itself. The resulting shapes of the novel structures are diverse, including slightly faceted spheres, diamonds, prisms, and hexagons, all of which are in fact truncated dodecahedron structures with different degrees of truncation along the {111}, {110}, or {100} faces. Spherical nanocrystals are easily assembled into the three-dimensional superlattices, demonstrating the uniformity of these nanocrystals. The size-dependent magnetic properties are examined, and large hexagon-shaped γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are shown to be ferrimagnetic at room temperature.
Treatment for calcium channel blocker poisoning: A systematic review (2014)

The treatment for calcium channel blocker poisoning is supported by low-quality evidence drawn from a heterogeneous and heavily biased literature. High-dose insulin and extracorporeal life support were the interventions supported by the strongest evidence, although the evidence is of low quality.
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> STV1 Protein, Responsible for Translation Reinitiation, Is Required for Auxin-Mediated Gynoecium Patterning (2005)

Ribosomal protein L24 (RPL24) is implicated in translation reinitiation of polycistronic genes. A newly isolated Arabidopsis thaliana short valve1 (stv1) mutant, in which one of the RPL24-encoding genes, RPL24B, is deleted, shows specific defects in the apical-basal patterning of the gynoecium, in addition to phenotypes induced by ribosome deficiency. A similar gynoecium phenotype is caused by mutations in the auxin response factor (ARF) genes ETTIN (ETT) and MONOPTEROS (MP), which have upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in their 5'-transcript leader sequences. Gynoecia of a double mutant of stv1 and a weak ett mutant allele are similar to those of a strong ett allele, and transformation with a uORF-eliminated ETT construct partially suppressed the stv1 gynoecium phenotype, implying that STV1 could influence ETT translation through its uORFs. Analyses of 5'-leader-reporter gene fusions showed that the uORFs of ETT and MP negatively regulate the translation of the downstream major ORFs, indicating that translation reinitiation is an important step for the expression of these proteins. Taken together, we propose that perturbation of translation reinitiation of the ARF transcripts causes the defects in gynoecium patterning observed in the stv1 mutant.
Acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis promotes gut microbial dysbiosis in mice (2016)

The development of colitis in DSS model was accompanied with reduced microbial diversity and dysbiosis of gut microbiota at lower taxonomical levels.
Pseudomembranous Colitis Caused by a Toxin A <sup>−</sup> B <sup>+</sup> Strain of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2000)

We report a case of severe pseudomembranous colitis due to a toxin A(-) B(+) strain of Clostridium difficile in an immunosuppressed patient and discuss the implications for diagnostic testing in suspected C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
A large-scale sentiment analysis for Yahoo! answers (2012)

Sentiment extraction from online web documents has recently been an active research topic due to its potential use in commercial applications. By sentiment analysis, we refer to the problem of assigning a quantitative positive/negative mood to a short bit of text. Most studies in this area are limited to the identification of sentiments and do not investigate the interplay between sentiments and other factors. In this work, we use a sentiment extraction tool to investigate the influence of factors such as gender, age, education level, the topic at hand, or even the time of the day on sentiments in the context of a large online question answering site. We start our analysis by looking at direct correlations, e.g., we observe more positive sentiments on weekends, very neutral ones in the Science & Mathematics topic, a trend for younger people to express stronger sentiments, or people in military bases to ask the most neutral questions. We then extend this basic analysis by investigating how properties of the (asker, answerer) pair affect the sentiment present in the answer. Among other things, we observe a dependence on the pairing of some inferred attributes estimated by a user's ZIP code. We also show that the best answers differ in their sentiments from other answers, e.g., in the Business & Finance topic, best answers tend to have a more neutral sentiment than other answers. Finally, we report results for the task of predicting the attitude that a question will provoke in answers. We believe that understanding factors influencing the mood of users is not only interesting from a sociological point of view, but also has applications in advertising, recommendation, and search.
Metal etch with HI-addition to conventional chemistry (2002)

The photoresist selectivity is known to increase by changing from chlorine- to bromine-based etchants. Therefore, skipping to iodine-based etchants should result in further enhancement of photoresist selectivity. This is corroborated by a very high photoresist selectivity of the iodine-based etchant HI. Since HI is also the only iodine containing compound with a sufficient vapor pressure for plasma etching, HI should be the etchant of choice for a new aluminum etch process.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Integrated Energy-Efficient Torque-Vectoring and Anti-Roll Moment Distribution (2021)

This study applies nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to the torque-vectoring (TV) and front-to-total anti-roll moment distribution control of a four-wheel-drive electric vehicle with in-wheel-motors, a brake-by-wire system, and active suspension actuators. The NMPC cost function formulation is based on energy efficiency criteria, and strives to minimize the power losses caused by the longitudinal and lateral tire slips, friction brakes, and electric powertrains, while enhancing the vehicle cornering response in steady-state and transient conditions. The controller is assessed through simulations using an experimentally validated high-fidelity vehicle model, along ramp steer and multiple step steer maneuvers, including and excluding the direct yaw moment and active anti-roll moment distribution actuations. The results show: 1) the substantial enhancement of energy saving and vehicle stabilization performance brought by the integration of the active suspension contribution and TV; 2) the significance of the power loss terms of the NMPC formulation on the results; and 3) the effectiveness of the NMPC with respect to the benchmarking feedback and rule based controllers.
Synthesizable FPGA fabrics targetable by the Verilog-to-Routing (VTR) CAD flow (2015)

We consider implementing FPGAs using a standard cell design methodology, and present a framework for the automated generation of synthesizable FPGA fabrics. The open-source Verilog-to-Routing (VTR) FPGA architecture evaluation framework [1] is extended to generate synthesizable Verilog for its in-memory FPGA architectural device model. The Verilog can be synthesized into standard cells, placed and routed using an ASIC design flow. A second extension to VTR generates a configuration bitstream for the FPGA; that is, the bitstream configures the FPGA to realize a user-provided placed and routed design. The proposed framework and methodology opens the door to silicon implementation of a wide range of VTR-modelled FPGA fabrics. In an experimental study, area and timing-optimized FPGA implementations in 65nm TSMC standard cells are compared with a 65nm Altera commercial FPGA.
Highly Cytokinergic IgE Antibodies and Autoimmune Mechanisms (2012)

Immediate type hypersensitivity reactions can occur after allergen exposure followed by allergen-specific IgE-FcRI interactions on mast cells/basophils in sensitized subjects. In comparison, chronic allergic inflammation induced by Th1 responses can occur without exposure to environmental allergens; instead, an IgE-mediated response to autoallergens can activate Th1 cells, causing them to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Kitaura et al. 4 demonstrated that mast cells with sensitized IgE antibodies on their surface can display a wide spectrum of heterogeneity in their ability to induce cytokine production and secretion. The spectrum of IgE antibodies has two extremes: highly cytokinergic IgE antibodies that induce potent survival promotion, degranulation, cytokine production, and migration, and poorly cytokinergic IgE antibodies that release minimal amounts of cytokines. n article published in this issue demonstrated that human IgE antibodies as well as mouse IgE antibodies show heterogeneity. 5 This is clinically relevant for two reasons. First, human IgE antibodies showed heterogeneity in cytokine production and second, highly cytokinergic IgE antibodies showed polyreactivity to autoantigens. This concept was tested in serum from atopic dermatitis patients, since some of these patients have high levels of ssDNA-(or dsDNA-) or -galactosidase-reactive IgE antibodies with high levels of histamine releasing factor-reactive IgE antibodies. Most atopic dermatitis patients had very high total IgE levels in their serum, and polyclonal IgE antibodies detected in serum from these patients enhanced the survival of and cytokine production by mast cells. These findings suggest that an autoimmune mechanism is a part of chronic inflammation in a subset of atopic dermatitis patients, although they did not screen serum specific IgE to potential auto-antigens related with skin inflammation. Further studies investigating the mechanisms how polycytokinergic IgE antibodies reacting various kinds of autoantigens can activate other inflammatory cells and mast cells in various phenotypes of atopic dermatitis are essential. Furthermore, the IgE antibodies exhibited polyreactivity to the autoantigens tested in this study. 5 Some
Feedstock Blending Studies With Laboratory Indirectly Heated Gasifiers (1999)

To support the further-development of indirectly heated gasifiers intended to provide fuels for advanced gas turbines, several indirectly heated laboratory gasifiers were constructed. During many comparative tests, advantages and problems with each system were observed. The most useful systems make use of laboratory tube furnaces in conjunction with temperature, time, and pressure or volume yield measuring systems and a gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector. In this paper, high temperature pyrolysis results obtained with the latest system are presented. Contrasting feedstocks suitable for commercial systems separately or in blends are used. Yield versus time measurements are used to determine relevant rate constants and outputs. Since the rate constants are mainly reflective of heat transfer effects, cylindrical dowel sticks of varying radii were volatilized. The data set leads to an analytic heat transfer model that considers the hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin components of the dowels. Also developed from the dowel experiments is an approximate procedure for estimating the proportionate releases of CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 for any type of biomass whose component proportions are known.
Error control for reliable digital data transmission and storage systems (1985)

A problem in designing semiconductor memories is to provide some measure of error control without requiring excessive coding overhead or decoding time. In LSI and VLSI technology, memories are often organized on a multiple bit (or byte) per chip basis. For example, some 256K-bit DRAM's are organized in 32Kx8 bit-bytes. Byte oriented codes such as Reed Solomon (RS) codes can provide efficient low overhead error control for such memories. However, the standard iterative algorithm for decoding RS codes is too slow for these applications. In this paper we present some special decoding techniques for extended single-and-double-error-correcting RS codes which are capable of high speed operation. These techniques are designed to find the error locations and the error values directly from the syndrome without having to use the iterative alorithm to find the error locator polynomial. Two codes are considered: (1) a d sub min = 4 single-byte-error-correcting (SBEC), double-byte-error-detecting (DBED) RS code; and (2) a d sub min = 6 double-byte-error-correcting (DBEC), triple-byte-error-detecting (TBED) RS code.
Improved Calibration of Time Domain Reflectometry Soil Water Content Measurements (1993)

Abstract Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is becoming a widely used method to determine volumetric soil water content, θ, from measured effective relative dielectric constant (permittivity), ε, using the empirical θ(ε) Topp‐Davis‐Annan calibration equation. This equation is not adequate for all soils. The purpose of this study was to compare the Topp calibration equation with a theoretical (Maxwell‐De Loor) and an empiricial (fitting exponent α) mixing model for the four components: solid phase (s), tightly bound water (bw), free water, and air. Water content permittivity were measured, gravimetrically and by TDR, on packed columns of 11 soils ranging from loess to pure bentonite. Measured specific surfaces were S = 25 to 665 m 2 g −1 and bulk densities ρ b = 0.55 to 1.65 g cm −3 . Topp yielded accurate ε(θ) values only for the four soils with ρ b > 1.30 g cm −3 , including illite ( S = 147 m 2 g −1 ). Maxwell‐De Loor gave similar accuracy for seven soils, including attapulgite ( S = 270 m 2 g −1 , ρ b = 0.55 g cm −3 ), assuming a monomolecular tightly bound water layer (thickness δ = 3 × 10 −10 m; θ bw = δ ρ b S), ε bw = 3.2, and ε s = 5.0. The ε(θ) curve of these soils had the same shape as Topp. Two gibbsite soils with dissimilar curves required ε bw = 3.2 and ε s = 16 to 18, and two smectite soil materials required ε bw = 30 to 50 and ε s = 5.0, to obtain good fits. Deviations from Topp appear generally due more to the lower ρ b and thus higher air volume fraction at the same θ associated with fine‐textured soils than to tightly bound water with low ε. Both effects, as well as apparent anomalous behavior such as decreasing effective ε with increasing ε s , can be accomodated by the Maxwell‐De Loor equation. This makes it a better calibration equation than Topp. The empirical α model is sensitive to the unpredictable value of α and cannot accomodate anomalous behavior.
Percutaneous Image-Guided Musculoskeletal Tumor Treatments (2016)

With the ongoing technologic advances, it is essential that the musculoskeletal interventionalist is familiar with the current tools and techniques available for the treatment of soft-tissue and bone tumors. Fortunately, many of these tools are readily available in a standard interventional radiology department and can be easily applied to the musculoskeletal system.
[Localization of the immunodominant site in the hepatitis B virus core antigen using synthetic peptides]. (1994)

Based on theoretical analysis of secondary structure and hydrophilicity data, the region (residues 73-89) of the HBV core-antigen presumably containing the antigenic determinant has been revealed. The epitope mapping of this region with the use of synthetic peptides, obtained by the pin technology and solid phase method, was carried out. Peptides were synthesized in two variants with different amino acids residues in the position 80 (Ala, Ile). Free peptides and their conjugates with bovine serum albumin were tested for antigenicity in ELISA. The results indicate that the fragment 78-83 is the shortest region of the core-antigen which reacts with antibodies from hepatitis B patients sera.
[Influence of raising oxygen content on function of platelet concentrate during preservation]. (2006)

To explore the influence of raising oxygen (dissolved oxygen) content on function of platelet concentrate, the platelet concentrate was prepared by a CS-3000 plus blood cell separator. Experiments were divided into 2 groups: test group and control group. After raising oxygen content in platelet plasma under sterile operation, the platelet samples of two groups were preserved in oscillator with horizontal oscillation at 22 +/- 2 degrees C. The platelet count, platelet aggregation rate, lactic acid content and CD62p expression level of platelet were detected on 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days of platelet preservation. The results showed that the platelet count and platelet aggregation rate decreased with prolongation of preserved time, while the lactic acid content and CD62p expression level of platelet increased gradually. Compared with control group, there were significant differences in aggregation rate of platelet preserved for 2-3 days, and in CD62p expression level of platelet preserved for 1-3 days, while significant difference was found in lactic acid content of platelet preserved for 1-3 days. It is concluded that raising content of oxygen in platelet plasma can provide more oxygen to compensate oxygen supply deficiency for platelet metabolism and improve the efficiency of platelet oxygenic metabolism and the quality of platelet during preservation.
Conformational Properties of the Neurotoxins and Cytotoxins Isolated from Elapid Snake Venoms (1983)

The review will critically assess the information available on the conformation of homologous neurotoxins and cytotoxins isolated from Elapid snakes. Particular attention will be given to the dynamics of the molecules in solution because there is the possibility that defined intramolecular rearrangements are involved at the sites of action. Such properties will be then reconciled with the known X-ray crystallographic and sequence data in order to derive likely structure-activity relationships.
Risk prediction of malware victimization based on user behavior (2014)

Understanding what types of users and usage are more conducive to malware infections is crucial if we want to establish adequate strategies for dealing and mitigating the effects of computer crime in its various forms. Real-usage data is therefore essential to make better evidence-based decisions that will improve users' security. To this end, we performed a 4-month field study with 50 subjects and collected real-usage data by monitoring possible infections and gathering data on user behavior. In this paper, we present a first attempt at predicting risk of malware victimization based on user behavior. Using neural networks we developed a predictive model that has an accuracy of up to 80% at predicting user's likelihood of being infected.