gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An e-shopping system with different negotiation model (2003)

This paper proposes an agent based e-shopping system that uses different negotiation models to match different users and generates different negotiation model objects for adaptation of different user preferences. Five different levels from simple to sophisticated of negotiation models are described. How different models are matched to different users is explained and how adaptation of different user preferences is shown in this paper. Finally, an e-shopping system architecture is presented and how the e-shopping system works is demonstrated.
Comparison of Supercritical Fluid and Hexane Extraction Methods in Extracting Kenaf (<i>Hibiscus cannabinus</i>) Seed Oil Lipids (2011)

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate and compare fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols of kenaf seed oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and traditional solvent methods. Fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols were determined in the extracted oils as functions of the pressure (400 bar, 600 bar), temperature (40 °C, 80 °C) and CO 2 flow rate (25 g/min) using a 1‐L extraction vessel. Gas chromatography was used to characterize fatty acids and sterols of the obtained oils while tocopherols were quantified by HPLC. No differences were found in the fatty acid compositions of the various oil extracts and the main components were found to be linoleic (38%), oleic (35%), palmitic (20%) and stearic acid (3%). Extraction of tocopherols using high pressure (600 bar/40 °C, 600 bar/80 °C) gave higher total tocopherols (88.20 and 85.57 mg/100 g oil, respectively) when compared with hexane extraction which gave yield of 62.38 mg/100 g oil. Extraction of kenaf seed oil using supercritical fluid extraction at high temperature (80 °C) gave higher amounts of sterols when compared with hexane extraction.
Application of neural networks and machine learning in network design (1997)

Communication network design is becoming increasingly complex, involving making networks more usable, affordable, and reliable. To help with this, we have proposed an expert network designer (END) for configuring, modeling, simulating, and evaluating large structured computer networks, employing artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, and network simulation tools. We present a neural network/knowledge acquisition machine-learning approach to improve the END's efficiency in solving the network design problem and to extend its scope to acquire new networking technologies, learn new network design techniques, and update the specifications of existing technologies.
Shape outlier detection and visualization for functional data: the outliergram (2014)

We propose a new method to visualize and detect shape outliers in samples of curves. In functional data analysis, we observe curves defined over a given real interval and shape outliers may be defined as those curves that exhibit a different shape from the rest of the sample. Whereas magnitude outliers, that is, curves that lie outside the range of the majority of the data, are in general easy to identify, shape outliers are often masked among the rest of the curves and thus difficult to detect. In this article, we exploit the relationship between two measures of depth for functional data to help to visualize curves in terms of shape and to develop an algorithm for shape outlier detection. We illustrate the use of the visualization tool, the outliergram, through several examples and analyze the performance of the algorithm on a simulation study. Finally, we apply our method to assess cluster quality in a real set of time course microarray data.
Some Dynamical Properties of Surface Atoms (1964)

Expressions for the mean-square velocity and mean-square amplitude of an atom in the surface layers of a simple cubic crystal are obtained using double-time Green's functions. They are evaluated explicitly in the high-temperature limit. The Hamiltonian of the unperturbed crystal is taken in the harmonic approximation with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor central force interactions between the atoms. The perturbation produces free surfaces by subtracting off all the interactions (or bonds) which cross a certain plane. The exponential in the Debye-Waller factor for a surface atom, calculated to lowest order in inverse temperature, is twice as large as its bulk value for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray emission perpendicular to the surface and about 30% larger than the bulk value for emission parallel to the surface. These surface corrections decay very rapidly as one goes into the crystal from the surface. In the fifth atomic layer the exponential in the Debye-Waller factor is within 5% of the bulk value. In the second-order Doppler shift the effect of the surface is to reduce the second-order term in inverse temperature (first quantum correction) by about 30%. The lowest-order term is unaffected. If the crystal is made isotropic in the long wavelength, continuum limit surface waves which are the classical Rayleigh waves appear.
Synthesis and molecular structures of (1S)-cis,cis-iridolactones (1979)

Two cis,cis-iridolactones (1) and (2) with a natural (S)-configuration at C(1) have been synthesized and their crystal and molecular structures determined by direct methods and refined by least-squares to R 0.109 and 0.064. As in the natural trans,cis-isomers (iridomirmecines), (5) and (6), the heterocyclic ring has a boat conformation which allows the C(8) methyl group to assume an equatorial position. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that this type of geometry, which has the lowest strain-energy as calculated by molecular mechanics (GEMO program),is also present in solution.
FINHYST, a prospective study of 5279 hysterectomies: complications and their risk factors (2011)

FINHYST is a large prospective hysterectomy study illustrating actual complications. Whenever possible, hysterectomy should be minimally invasive.
Saccadic eye movement dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (1986)

Saccades were measured by magnetic search coil technique in 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared with those of 11 age-matched control subjects. We analyzed responses to target motion of predictable and unpredictable timing or amplitude, and responses to briefly flashed targets. Latencies were significantly prolonged and peak velocities reduced only when the timing of target motion was unpredictable. Saccades to predictable amplitude targets were abnormally hypometric. In 8 patients, impersistence of gaze was manifested by large-amplitude saccadic intrusions away from the intended position of gaze. When instructed to make saccades away from a flashed target, patients made reflexive saccades toward the target. We attribute this visual grasp reflex to frontal lobe degeneration. These eye movement deficits can be used to quantify motor dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
Allergic etiology and immunology of asthma. (1989)

Although asthma is a complex and multifactorial disease, a relationship between atopic allergic sensitization to common aeroallergens and asthma has been recognized for decades. This recognition has not led to a widespread immunologic orientation to asthma diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes older epidemiologic evidence using historical data and skin tests that associate IgE-mediated events with asthma, and presents more recent studies utilizing in vitro testing to study new subject groups, to demonstrate that in certain situations up to 75% to 100% of the cases of chronic asthma, as well as many acute episodes, have an allergic etiology. Thus the old distinctions between intrinsic and extrinsic asthma should be discarded in favor of an aggressive search for allergic factors in virtually any patient with asthma. A theoretic basis for the allergic etiology of asthma has arisen from recent studies linking (1) IgE antibody production with cytophilic sensitization of mast cells and possibly other proinflammatory cell types bearing IgE receptors; (2) IgE-dependent, allergen-induced immediate bronchial reactions with late-phase reactions; and (3) occurrence of late-phase reactions with persistent local inflammation and increased nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. Understanding of the allergic etiology of asthma in turn gives rise to renewed emphasis upon immunomodulatory approaches to treatment. At present these include allergen avoidance measures that reduce natural exposure and conventional high-dose allergen injection immunotherapy, both of which have well-documented efficacy when properly applied. In the future, better understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of asthma, in particular the events of the late-phase reaction, are likely to lead to new approaches to treatment based upon rational modulation of these events, possibly with recombinant cytokine-based therapy or synthetic peptide antagonists of defined mediator molecules.
Hormonal treatment, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (2007)

A plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies have supported the neuroprotective role of estrogens and their impact on the neurotransmitter systems implicated in cognition. Recent hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) trials in non-demented postmenopausal women suggest a temporary positive effect (notably on verbal memory), and four meta-analyses converge to suggest a possible protective effect in relation to Alzheimer's disease (reducing risk by 29 to 44%). However, data from the only large randomized controlled trial published to date, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, did not confirm these observations and have even suggested an increase in dementia risk for women using HRT compared to controls. Apart from methodological differences, one key shortcoming of this trial has probably been the focus on late-onset (postmenopausal) hormonal changes, i.e. at a time when the neurodegenerative process has already begun and without taking into account individual lifetime exposure to hormone variability. Multifactorial models based on an exhaustive view of all hormonal events throughout the reproductive life (rather than on a specific exposure to a given steroid) together with other risk factors (notably genetic risk factors related to estrogen receptor polymorphisms) should be explored to clarify the role of hormonal risk factors, or protective factors for cognitive dysfunction and dementia.
Deep Inside Cucurbiturils: Physical Properties and Volumes of their Inner Cavity Determine the Hydrophobic Driving Force for Host–Guest Complexation (2011)

Abstract Cucurbit[ n ]urils (CB n ) bind guest molecules through a combination of electrostatic interactions with the carbonyl rims and hydrophobic interactions with the inner cavity. Investigations with solvatochromic probes in CB7 reveal that the polarity of the cavity resembles that of alcohols (e.g., n ‐octanol), while its polarizability ( P =0.12) and apparent refractive index ( n D =1.10±0.12) are extremely low, close to the gas phase. The calculated molecular quadrupole moments of CBs are extremely large (Θ zz =−120 to −340 Buckingham). A survey of reported binding constants of neutral guests and hydrophobic residues that form 1 : 1 inclusion complexes with CB6, reveals a preferential inclusion of C3–C5 residues in its cavity. The largest guests which show non‐negligible binding contain 7 heavy atoms (excluding hydrogen). For CB7, the strongest binding is observed for guests with adamantyl (10 heavy atoms) and ferrocenyl groups (11 heavy atoms), while the largest guests known to be complexed are carborane and the adduct of two pyridine derivatives (12 heavy atoms). The evaluation of different volumes shows that the most meaningful cavity, namely that responsible for binding of hydrophobic residues, is confined by the planes through the oxygen carbonyls. The volume of this inner cavity follows the formula V /Å 3 =68+62( n −5)+12.5( n −5) 2 , affording representative cavity volumes of 68 Å 3 for CB5, 142 Å 3 for CB6, 242 Å 3 for CB7, and 367 Å 3 for CB8. The volume of the 2 bond dipole regions is comparably smaller, amounting, for example, to 2×35 Å 3 for CB6. The analysis of packing coefficients for representative sets of known guests with clearly defined hydrophobic binding motifs reveals average values of 47 % for CB5, 58 % for CB6, 52 % for CB7, and 53 % for CB8, which are well in line with the preferred packing (“55 % solution”, see S. Mecozzi, J. Rebek, Chem. Eur. J. 1998 , 4 , 1016–1022) in related supramolecular host–guest assemblies. The driving force for binding of hydrophobic guests and residues by CBs is interpreted in terms of the unimportance of dispersion interactions (owing to the low polarizability of their cavity) and the dominance of classical and nonclassical hydrophobic effects related to the removal of very‐high‐energy water molecules (2 for CB5, 4 for CB6, 8 for CB7, and 12 for CB8) from the cavity.
Synthesis and characterization of DNA‐functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles (2006)

Abstract Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation from aqueous solution. A stable colloid was formed by coating with DNA. The properties of the colloidal dispersion can be adjusted by variation of the inorganic nanoparticles. In particular, the partial substitution of calcium by magnesium or aluminum led to stable dispersions of nanoparticles. By a multi‐step precipitation process, it is also possible to include DNA into the particles in order to protect it from intracellular biochemical degradation. The dispersions were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, analytical ultracentrifugation, and transmission electron microscopy.
Modified Gaussian influence function of deformable mirror actuators (2008)

A new deformable mirror influence function based on a Gaussian function is introduced to analyze the fitting capability of a deformable mirror. The modified expressions for both azimuthal and radial directions are presented based on the analysis of the residual error between a measured influence function and a Gaussian influence function. With a simplex search method, we further compare the fitting capability of our proposed influence function to fit the data produced by a Zygo interferometer with that of a Gaussian influence function. The result indicates that the modified Gaussian influence function provides much better performance in data fitting.
p300 Modulates Nuclear Morphology in Prostate Cancer (2005)

Alterations in nuclear structure distinguish cancer cells from noncancer cells. These nuclear alterations can be translated into quantifiable features by digital image analysis in a process known as quantitative nuclear morphometry. Recently, quantitative nuclear morphometry has been shown to predict metastasis and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. However, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying these nuclear morphometric changes. Alterations of nuclear matrix proteins are frequently involved in changes of nuclear structure. A number of co-activators interact with these nuclear structure-related proteins, suggesting that they might be involved in quantitative nuclear morphometry changes. We have shown previously that the transcriptional co-activator p300 is involved in prostate cancer progression. However, the ability of a transcriptional regulator like p300 to modulate nuclear morphology has not been described previously. In the present study, we show that p300 expression in prostate cancer biopsy tissue from 95 patients correlates with quantifiable nuclear alterations. Moreover, we show that transfection of p300 into prostate cancer cells in culture induces quantifiable nuclear alterations, such as diameter, perimeter, and absorbance among others, as assessed by digital image analysis. These alterations correlate individually with aggressive features in prostate cancer, such as expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and extraprostatic extension of the tumor. Finally, we found that transfection of p300 into prostate cancer cells specifically increases mRNA and protein levels of nuclear matrix peptides lamins A and C, suggesting that these proteins mediate the p300-induced effects. These findings reveal a new insight into the transcriptional and structural regulation of prostate cancer.
BPH Efficacy of combination therapy with tamsulosin and zolpidem on nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2011)

Combination therapy with tamsulosin and zolpidem may be useful for patients with BPH dissatisfied with nocturia and suspected to have sleep disturbance.
Processing of Heme and Heme-Containing Proteins by Bacteria (2002)

An extensive amount of new knowledge on bacterial systems involved in heme processing has been accumulated in the last 10 years. We discuss common themes in heme transport across bacterial outer and inner membranes, emphasizing proteins and mechanisms involved. The processing of heme in the bacterial cytoplasm is extensively covered, and a new hypothesis about the fate of heme in the bacterial cell is presented. Auxiliary genes involved in heme utilization, i.e., TonB, proteases, proteins involved in heme storage and pigmentation, as well as genes involved in regulation of heme assimilation are reviewed.
Treatment Practices, Outcomes, and Costs of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2005–2007 (2014)

To describe factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR), including extensively-drug-resistant (XDR), tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, we abstracted inpatient, laboratory, and public health clinic records of a sample of MDR TB patients reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from California, New York City, and Texas during 2005-2007. At initial diagnosis, MDR TB was detected in 94% of 130 MDR TB patients and XDR TB in 80% of 5 XDR TB patients. Mutually exclusive resistance was 4% XDR, 17% pre-XDR, 24% total first-line resistance, 43% isoniazid/rifampin/rifabutin-plus-other resistance, and 13% isoniazid/rifampin/rifabutin-only resistance. Nearly three-quarters of patients were hospitalized, 78% completed treatment, and 9% died during treatment. Direct costs, mostly covered by the public sector, averaged $134,000 per MDR TB and $430,000 per XDR TB patient; in comparison, estimated cost per non-MDR TB patient is $17,000. Drug resistance was extensive, care was complex, treatment completion rates were high, and treatment was expensive.
Modelling of gyro in an IR seeker for real-time simulation (2004)

The target tracking system of an IR (InfraRed) guided missile is constantly subjected to disturbances due to the linear and angular motion of the missile. To diminish these LOS (Line Of Sight) disturbances the seeker of the missile can be built from a free gyroscope mounted in a very low friction suspension. The ability of the spinning gyroscope to maintain its direction relative to an inertial frame is used to stabilize the seeker LOS while tracking a target. The tracking velocity of the seeker, i.e. its angular velocity, is controlled by a feedback control unit where the signal from the IR detector is used as input. The electrical driven actuator consists of a set of coils and a magnet on the gyroscope. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a real-time model of the seeker gyroscope in an existing IR MANPAD (MAN Portable Air Defense) missile. The aim is a model that is able to simulate the real system with consideration to the tracking velocity. The model should also be integrated into a hybrid simulator environment. With relatively good knowledge of the system and its subsystems an initial physical modelling approach was used where elementary equations and accepted relations were assembled to describe the mechanism of the subsystems. This formed the framework of the model and gave a good foundation for further modelling. By using experimentation and more detailed system knowledge the initial approach could be developed and modified. Necessary approximations were made and unknown parameters were determined through system identification methods. The model was implemented in MATLAB Simulink. To make it suitable for real-time operation Real-Time Workshop was used. The model design was evaluated in simulations where the tracking performance could be tested for different positions of the gyroscope. The results where satisfying and showed that the model was able to reproduce the output of the system well considering the speed of the model and the approximations made. One important reason that good results can be achieved with a relatively simple model is that the seeker is limited to small rotations. The model can be tuned to operate in a smaller range and the complexity can be kept low. A weakness of the model is that the output error increases for wide angles.
MgO/CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB/MgO Recording Structure in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions With Perpendicular Easy Axis (2013)

Junction size (D) dependence of thermal stability (Δ) factor and intrinsic critical current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C0</sub> ) were investigated for MgO/CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB/MgO recording structure in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) having a CoFeB reference layer and a synthetic ferrimagnetic (SyF) reference layer. Δ of the recording structure shows almost constant value down to 40 nm, whereas I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C0</sub> shows a linear dependence on the recording layer area, as similarly observed in recording structure with single-interface. Average absolute intrinsic critical current density is 3.5 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is comparable to previously reported value for recording structure with single-interface. A MgO/CoFeB(1.4)/Ta(0.4)/CoFeB(1.0)/MgO double-interface recording structure in MTJ with SyF reference layer shows Δ of 59 at D = 29 nm.
Capturing negation in question answering systems (2005)

This masters thesis will present my research on the world of Negation, as well as my attempt to apply the Negation Algorithm on a new Question Answering system which is able to accept negative input in natural language. The aim of this project is to focus on the uses of negation in natural language, and on the importance of including negative constructions in Information Retrieval processes, which for the moment treat negation as a nonexisting phenomenon in natural language. The new restricted-domain question answering system is called NotFilms, and accepts subject and object questions regarding Movies of 2005. NotFilms reads the input in natural language, produces its semantic representation, applies the IR algorithm on the semantic reading, and provides the user with the exact answer. It allows the existence of the negative particle ’not’ in the input, and as long as the input can be semantically represented by the linguistic processes of the system, it answers both affirmative and negative questions with the same efficiency. Results have shown that the linguistic and IR processes of the system can give relevant answers for 75% of the users’ questions.
Bipolar Transistor Fabrication Using Gas Immersion Laser Doping (1989)

Gas. Immersion Laser Doping (GILD) is presented as a powerful process to fabricate emitter and base regions in narrow-base bipolar transistors. Characterization of maximum melt depth versus silicon surface melt time is performed. Results of this characterization demonstrate that surface melt time provides an accurate in-situ measurement of junction depth. The GILD process is then used to fabricate the emitter and active-base regions in simple bipolar transistors. Base widths ranging from 700Å to 1200Å are achieved. The transistors exhibit good electrical behavior with maximum forward current gains greater than 50.