gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combustion Mode Switch by Integrating Stoichiometric ASSCI Mode in a Four-cylinder Gasoline SI/HCCI Engine (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and Spark Ignition (SI) dual-mode operation provides a practical solution to apply HCCI combustion in gasoline engines. However, the different requirements of air-fuel ratio and EGR ratio between HCCI combustion and SI combustion results in enormous control challenges in HCCI/SI mode switch.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, HCCI combustion was achieved in a four-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine without knock and misfire using close-loop control by knock index. Assisted Spark Stratified Compression Ignition (ASSCI) combustion was obtained stably at medium-high load. ASSCI combustion exhibits two-stage heat release with initial flame propagation and controlled auto-ignition. The knock index of ASSCI combustion is less than HCCI combustion due to the lower pressure rise rate. The stable operation range of stoichiometric ASSCI combustion is from 0.35MPa to 0.65MPa Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), which is higher than normal gasoline HCCI combustion. Therefore, ASSCI mode naturally fills the gap between HCCI at low load and SI combustion at high load in gasoline HCCI engine. Applying ASSCI strategy can effectively reduce the frequency of engine combustion mode switch.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">HCCI/SI and ASSCI/SI combustion mode switch were investigated and compared in a four-cylinder GDI engine which was equipped with dual VVT (intake and exhaust), two-stage cam-profile system (CPS) and electronic throttle control (ETC). Experimental results indicated that, fuel injection in compression stroke in ASSCI mode can avoid the misfire and improve stability of switching process without the requirement of changing control variables such as throttle, CPS and injection strategy simultaneously. Meanwhile, ASSCI combustion mode can extend the load range of the compression ignition (CI). Stable HCCI/ASSCI switch was achieved by adjusting s negative valve overlap (NVO) duration only. It is therefore concluded that the switch control strategy of ASSCI/SI combustion was optimized by stoichiometric operation before/after switch and the robust combustion switch was achieved.</div></div>
The manufacture of synthetic milk powder from whey and soybean (1954)

大豆を水に浸漬してから磨砕し, これにホエーを加えて煮沸し濾過して合成乳を調製する実験を行つた。この方法によれば大豆を水で処理して大豆乳をつくつてからホエーと混合する場合よりも固形物の抽出量は5-10%少なくなるが, 操作の簡略になる点においては有利である。本実験には乳酸ホエーとチーズ・ホエーを用いたが, 合成乳の風味の点から見ればチーズ・ホエーの方がよく・乳酸ホエーの場合でも大豆乳そのものに比べれば遙かに風味のよいものが得られる。また収量の点がら見てもチーズ・ホエーの方が優れている。
Product Review: Selecting a CCD Camera (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDepartmentsNEXTProduct Review: Selecting a CCD Camera Many factors should be considered when choosing a CCD camera system. Jeffrey H. Giles, Trent D. Ridder, Robert H. Williams, David A. Jones, and M. Bonner DentonCite this: Anal. Chemi. 1998, 70, 19, 663A–668APublication Date (Web):June 2, 2011Publication History Published online2 June 2011Published inissue 1 October 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac981990yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac981990yresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pseudocapacitive Lithium Storage in TiO<sub>2</sub>(B) (2005)

Phase-pure TiO2(B) with microfibrous morphology was prepared via a newly developed method from amorphous TiO2. Cyclic voltammetry evidences that Li-insertion into TiO2(B) is governed by a pseudocapacitive faradaic process, whose rate is not limited by solid-state diffusion of Li+ in a broad interval of scan rates. This unusual behavior was discussed in terms of the crystal structure of the TiO2(B) host, having freely accessible parallel channels for Li+-transport perpendicular to the (010) face. The characteristic Li-insertion electrochemistry of TiO2(B) allows re-interpretation of several previous reports, which did not consider explicitly this relation or the presence of TiO2(B) in various TiO2 materials of different origin.
Search for relationships among the hemolytic, phospholipolytic, and neurotoxic activities of snake venoms (1978)

Several snake venom neurotoxins are larger and more complex than the well-studied group of postsynaptic toxins exemplified by α-bungarotoxin. Several of these, exemplified by β-bungarotoxin, show phospholipase A2 activity (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) when tested in the presence of detergents. The high hemolytic activity of crotoxin, the neurotoxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus , in the presence of lecithin has been attributed to this activity. The phospholipase A2 activity of several snake venom proteins has now been compared under the physiological conditions of the hemolysis tests. It appears that only the basic component of crotoxin, B, is enzymatically active, and that its activity is not inhibited by component A under these conditions, or in the presence of deoxycholate. Phosphatidylserine is found to be digested more readily than egg white phosphatidylcholine; and also causes hemolysis in conjunction with much lower levels of crotoxin. In neither case is calcium required or stimulating. Phospholipase from Crotalus adamanteus , which is not neurotoxic, digests phosphatidylcholine more rapidly than does crotoxin, but phosphatidylserine more slowly; yet it is slightly less active than crotoxin in the hemolysis test with phosphatidylcholine, and much less with phosphatidylserine. The digestion of several phospholipids by either enzyme fails to release the expected protons in the absence of detergents at 37°. β-Bungarotoxin, highly neurotoxic, has negligible phospholipase A2 activity in the absence of detergents, and is almost nonhemolytic in conjunction with all phospholipids tested. Binding studies with 125 I-labeled compounds show that rabbit erythrocytes and ghosts have much greater affinity for crotoxin than for β-bungarotoxin and do not bind Crotalus adamanteus phospholipase. The crotoxin complex is split in the course of binding, with only component B, the hemolytic component, becoming bound. It appears that the role of component A may be to diminish the nonspecific binding tendency of component B. Our data appear to be consistent with the concepts that affinity to membranes, particularly to specific sites on synaptic membranes, is the critical requirement for β type neurotoxicity, and that this property, at least in some instances, has evolved from phospholipase A2 enzymes, but does not necessarily require retention and expression of enzymatic activity.
Shape Selectivity in Adsorption on the All-Silica DD3R (2000)

The adsorption of ethane, ethene, propane, and propene on the all-silica DD3R has been investigated using the tapered element oscillating microbalance, TEOM. Single-component adsorption isotherms are for the first time reported at temperatures in the range from 303 to 473 K and at pressures up to 500 kPa. At high temperatures, the Langmuir isotherm appropriately describes the equilibrium adsorption data for ethane, ethene, and propene on the all-silica DD3R with energetically uniform sites. For the propene data below 340 K, a dual-site Langmuir model was used. Thermodynamic properties, like the isosteric heat and entropy of adsorption, have been determined. Only minor differences exist between the adsorption of ethane and ethene. Transient adsorption experiments reveal that the eight-ring windows of the all-silica DD3R are accessible to propene molecules, while they exclude propane molecules. The high shape selectivity for propene suggests that the all-silica DD3R might be effective as an adsorbent for the separation of propene and propane mixtures.
Effect on lifespan of high yield non-myeloablating transplantation of bone marrow from young to old mice (2013)

Tissue renewal is a well-known phenomenon by which old and dying-off cells of various tissues of the body are replaced by progeny of local or circulating stem cells (SCs). An interesting question is whether donor SCs are capable to prolong the lifespan of an aging organism by tissue renewal. In this work, we investigated the possible use of bone marrow (BM) SC for lifespan extension. To this purpose, chimeric C57BL/6 mice were created by transplanting BM from young 1.5-month-old donors to 21.5-month-old recipients. Transplantation was carried out by means of a recently developed method which allowed to transplant without myeloablation up to 1.5 × 10(8) cells, that is, about 25% of the total BM cells of the mouse. As a result, the mean survival time, counting from the age of 21.5 months, the start of the experiment, was +3.6 and +5.0 (±0.1) months for the control and experimental groups, respectively, corresponding to a 39 ± 4% increase in the experimental group over the control. In earlier studies on BM transplantation, a considerably smaller quantity of donor cells (5 × 10(6)) was used, about 1% of the total own BM cells. The recipients before transplantation were exposed to a lethal (for control animals) X-ray dose which eliminated the possibility of studying the lifespan extension by this method.
Characterization of Programmed Death-1 Homologue-1 (PD-1H) Expression and Function in Normal and HIV Infected Individuals (2014)

Chronic immune activation that persists despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is the strongest predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Monocyte/macrophages in HIV-infected individuals are known to spontaneously secrete cytokines, although neither the mechanism nor the molecules involved are known. Here we show that overexpression of the newly described co-stimulatory molecule, PD1 homologue (PD-1H) in human monocyte/macrophages is sufficient to induce spontaneous secretion of multiple cytokines. The process requires signaling via PD-1H as cytokine secretion could be abrogated by deletion of the cytoplasmic domain. Such overexpression of PD-1H, associated with spontaneous cytokine expression is seen in monocytes from chronically HIV-infected individuals and this correlates with immune activation and CD4 depletion, but not viral load. Moreover, antigen presentation by PD-1H-overexpressing monocytes results in enhanced cytokine secretion by HIV-specific T cells. These results suggest that PD-1H might play a crucial role in modulating immune activation and immune response in HIV infection.
The Preparation of 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of 2,2,2-TrifluoroethanolHenry Gilman and R. G. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1281–1282Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a509https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-Dimensional Proportional Chamber Readout Using Digital Techniques (1976)

Two systems of two-dimensional proportional chamber readout are presented, using digital hardware techniques. Centre-of-cluster readout is simple, cheap and very fast: 100 nsec dead-time. Centre-of-gravity readout is slower, with a dead-time of 1 μsec, but capable of considerable electronic spatial resolution: 10 μm FWHM from 3 mm spaced channels. With this resolution the asymmetry of avalanche formation on anode wires has been observed.
Computer-assisted prediction of normal boiling points of pyrans and pyrroles (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted prediction of normal boiling points of pyrans and pyrrolesDavid T. Stanton, Leanne M. Egolf, Peter C. Jurs, and Martin G. HicksCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1992, 32, 4, 306–316Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00008a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00008a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Assessment of an obesity clinic in a center hospital]. (2006)

1) Only 50% of overweight patients come to our department to lose weight. 2) More than 75% of overweight patients have a prescribed, structured diet plan, regardless of the reason for their first visit. 3) About 75% of patients achieve acceptable objectives (maintaining or losing weight), and 25% of these have lost more than 5% of their initial weight.
FSH withdrawal improves developmental competence of oocytes in the bovine model (2011)

Combinations of genetic, environmental, and management factors are suspected to explain the loss in fertility observed for over 20 years in dairy cows. In some cases, IVF is used. When compared with in vivo embryo production, IVF resulted in low success rates until the FSH coasting process (FSH starvation after superstimulation) was introduced in 2002. Increased competence associated with FSH withdrawal of aspirated oocyte for in vitro maturation and IVF has not been optimized nor explained yet. The goal here was to determine and characterize the optimal oocyte competence acquisition window during the coasting period by determining blastocyst rates and follicular cohort development. Commercial milking cycling cows (n=6) were stimulated with 3 days of FSH (6×40 mg NIH Folltropin-V given at 12 h intervals) followed by a coasting period of 20, 44, 68, or 92 h. Each animal was exposed to the four conditions and served as its own control. At the scheduled time, transvaginal aspirations of immature oocytes were performed followed by IVF of half the oocytes. The outcomes were as follows: i) FSH coasting was optimal at a defined period: between 44 and 68 h of coasting; ii) The best estimated coasting duration was ∼54±7 h; iii) Under these conditions, the best statistical blastocyst rate estimation was ∼70%; iv) Between 44 and 68 h of coasting, follicle size group proportions were similar; v) Follicle diameter was not linearly associated with competence. In conclusion, coasting duration is critical to harvest the oocytes at the right moment of follicular differentiation.
CD28H expression identifies resident memory CD8 + T cells with less cytotoxicity in human peripheral tissues and cancers (2018)

The CD28H/B7-H5 pathway is a newly identified pathway of the B7 family. In human peripheral blood, the receptor CD28H is preferentially expressed on naïve T cells and repetitive stimulation of T cells leads to the loss of CD28H expression. Here we examined the expression of the CD28H/B7-H5 pathway in human peripheral tissues, as well as in human cancers. We found that CD28H is preferentially expressed on T cells with tissue-resident phenotypes (T<sub>RM</sub>). Supporting that, stimulation via IL-15 and TGF-β, presumably major cytokines essential for T<sub>RM</sub> cell homeostasis, sustains CD28H expression on T cells. The ligand B7-H5 is constitutively expressed on normal epithelium of human oral-gastrointestinal tracts. In human cancers, CD28H is preferentially present on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with T<sub>RM</sub> features and identifies a T<sub>RM</sub> subset with less cytotoxicity. Taken together, our studies suggest that the CD28H/B7-H5 pathway involves the interactions between T<sub>RM</sub> cells and epithelium, and could be important for human T<sub>RM</sub> homeostasis and function.
Five Homologous Repeats of the Protein G-Related Protein MIG Cooperate in Binding to Goat Immunoglobulin G (1999)

Protein MIG, from Streptococcus dysgalactiae, binds alpha2-macroglobulin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). MIG-derived fusion proteins with one to five IgG-binding repeats differed up to 72,000- fold in avidity for goat IgG, indicating a considerable cooperativity of the repeats. Significant sequence variation in the IgG-binding repeats was recognized. Protein MIG interacted with goat IgG1 via both the Fc and Fab parts.
A performance study of instruction cache prefetching methods (1998)

Prefetching methods for instruction caches are studied via trace-driven simulation. The two primary methods are "fall-through" prefetch (sometimes referred to as "one block lookahead") and "target" prefetch. Fall-through prefetches are for sequential line accesses, and a key parameter is the distance from the end of the current line where the prefetch for the next line is initiated. Target prefetches work also for nonsequential line accesses. A prediction table is used and a key aspect is the prediction algorithm implemented by the table. Fall-through prefetch and target prefetch each improve performance significantly. When combined in a hybrid algorithm, their performance improvement is nearly additive. An instruction cache using a combined target and fall-through method can provide the same performance as a two to four times larger cache that does not prefetch. A good prediction method must not only be accurate, but prefetches must be initiated early enough to allow time for the instructions to return from main memory. To quantify this, we define a "prefetch efficiency" measure that reflects the amount of memory fetch delay that may be successfully hidden by prefetching. The better prefetch methods (in terms of miss rate) also have very high efficiencies, hiding approximately 90 percent of the miss delay for prefetched lines. Another performance measure of interest is memory traffic. Without prefetching, large line sizes give better hit rates; with prefetching, small line sizes tend to give better overall hit rates. Because smaller line sizes tend to reduce memory traffic, the top-performing prefetch caches produce less memory traffic than the top-performing nonprefetch caches of the same size.
Response Inversion Scan Cell (RISC): A Peak Capture Power Reduction Technique (2007)

This paper presents a response inversion scan cell (RISC) technique to reduce the peak capture power in test mode. The RISC technique inverts the data input of selected scan cells so that peak capture power is reduced. According to the experimental data on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits, the RISC technique effectively reduces the peak capture power by 45% at a cost of 7.6% area overhead. The presented technique requires minimum change in the existing design for testability (DFT) methodology and it does not degrade fault coverage. The RISC technique is validated by a chip experiment on a 0.18 mum low power design.
Multi modal semantic indexing for image retrieval (2010)

Popular image retrieval schemes generally rely only on a single mode, (either low level visual features or embedded text) for searching in multimedia databases. Many popular image collections (eg. those emerging over Internet) have associated tags, often for human consumption. A natural extension is to combine information from multiple modes for enhancing effectiveness in retrieval. In this paper, we propose two techniques: Multi-modal Latent Semantic Indexing (MMLSI) and Multi-Modal Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (MMpLSA). These methods are obtained by directly extending their traditional single mode counter parts. Both these methods incorporate visual features and tags by generating simultaneous semantic contexts. The experimental results demonstrate an improved accuracy over other single and multi-modal methods.
A noise-predictive partial response decision-feedback equalizer for RLL(1,x) coded perpendicular magnetic recording channels (2004)

In this paper, a noise-predictive partial response decision-feedback equalizer for RLL(1,x) coded perpendicular magnetic recording channels has been investigated.
Coulomb blockade in quasimetallic silicon-on-insulator nanowires (1999)

Using highly doped silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films, we demonstrate metallic Coulomb blockade in silicon nanowires at temperatures up to almost 100 K. We propose a process that leads to island formation inside the wire due to a combination of structural roughness and segregation effects during thermal oxidation. Hence, no narrowing of the SOI wire is necessary to form tunneling contacts to the single-electron transistors.