gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intercalative Chest Roentgenography (1964)

As radiologists, we frequently make detailed analysis of the size and contour of the cardiovascular silhouette and pulmonary vessels from a single chest film. Yet it seems paradoxical that in the very patient submitted to fluoroscopy for abnormal or unusual pulsations, a film made at random in the cardiac cycle is employed to record the findings, and, similarly, randomly exposed films are utilized to evaluate the course of disease and response to therapy. The purpose of this paper is to describe a technic of precision timing of roentgenograms with the aid of electrocardiography to determine, in a group of normal subjects and patients with heart disease, whether the phase of the cardiac cycle alters the appearance of the heart, great vessels, and pulmonary vasculature. Materials and methods The circuitry of an existing x-ray system was modified to accept a cardiac programmer2 and an electrocardiograph. The simplified wiring diagram (Fig. 1) shows how the three basic units of x-ray, programmer, and electrocardiographic circuits are linked. The electrocardiographic leads from the patient are fed into the programmer which relays the impulses to the electrocardiograph. When the trigger button of the programmer is pressed, the unit selects the first R impulse which energizes the coil (R-1). As this event takes place, there is simultaneous completion and breaking of the x-ray circuit for the duration of the exposure via R-1a. Through R-1b, the exact time and duration of the x-ray exposure are recorded on the electrocardiogram. After the systolic film is obtained, the cassettes are rapidly changed by remote control, with a stereo changer (the tube motion having been disengaged). This is followed immediately by the diastolic film. The use of a radioelectrocardiograph3 makes positioning of the patient considerably easier and reduces interference with the tracing. The relationships of the different events in the cardiac cycle are well known (1). If we assume a relatively normal heart rate, the electrical impulse of ventricular contraction, the R wave, precedes mechanical systole by 150 to 350 milliseconds and precedes mechanical diastole by 600 to 1,100 milliseconds (Fig. 2). Correlating with the pressure changes in the heart and great vessels, the peak mechanical ventricular systole and diastole usually occur at the beginning of the T-wave and about the p-wave, respectively (2). It is at these points that the systolic and diastolic timing of chest films are chosen (Fig. 3). The initial step is to take a preliminary electrocardiographic tracing, usually lead 2. From this, one determines the proper time delays in milliseconds from the R-wave to apply to the cardiac programmer so that the x-ray exposures correspond to the peak mechanical ventricular systole and diastole. It is necessary to subtract the inherent circuitry delay of the x-ray generator, which in our case is 70 milliseconds.
UV-Excited Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Narcotics and Explosives (1998)

Abstract A 244 nm excitation Raman microspectroscope has been developed and successfully used to investigate a range of narcotics and explosives, both pure and contaminated. The instrument is quick and simple to operate and effective in identifying these compounds. The wavelength was chosen to exploit the resonance Raman effect, thereby enhancing the band intensities beyond the normal v4 enhancement associated with the shorter wavelength excitation. Another advantage over visibly excited Raman spectroscopy is the complete lack of any fluorescence background, even with heavily contaminated samples. The simplification of spectra caused by resonance allowed the easy identification of species contained in complex mixtures.
DIFFERENTIATION OF NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS IN CULTURE (1975)

Summary 1. An elevation of the intracellular level of cyclic AMP in neuroblastoma cells by prostaglandin E 1 by an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, or by analogues of cyclic AMP irreversibly induces many differentiated functions which are characteristic of mature neurones. These include formation of long neurites, increase in size of soma and nucleus associated with a rise in total RNA and protein contents, increase in activities of specific neural enzymes, loss of malignancy, increase in sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to catecholamines and blockade of cells in G 1 ‐stage of the cell cycle. 2. Other agents, including serum‐free medium, X‐irradiation, 6‐thioguanine, cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, 5‐bromodeoxyuridine, nerve growth factor, glial extract and hypertonic medium can induce some of the differentiated functions which are induced by high intracellular cyclic AMP. 3. Morphological differentiation and differentiated biochemical functions can each be expressed in the absence of the other. 4. Many of the responses of normal embryonic nerve cells to cyclic AMP are similar to those of neuroblastoma cells. 5. A working hypothesis for the malignancy of nerve cells has been proposed. This states that an abnormal regulation of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity which allows the expression of high amounts of this enzyme in neuroblastoma cells, may be one of the early lesions during a malignant transformation of nerve cells. 6. A new experimental therapeutic model for the treatment of neuroblastoma is proposed. This involves the administration of sodium butyrate followed by the injection of l ‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐dopa) and prostaglandin E 1 in the presence of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. 7. Recent studies have elucidated the control mechanisms of some differentiated functions in neuroblastoma cells. Cyclic AMP may become an important biological tool to probe the regulation and expression of many other differentiated functions in these cells. In addition to neuroblastoma cells, other neuronal culture systems are now available for investigating the problems of differentiation and maturation in nerve cells.
ChemInform Abstract: ARYLALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS. PART VII. ORIENTATION OF BROMINATION OF HIGHER BI‐ AND TRICYCLIC BENZOCYCLOALKANES. (1983)

Abstract Durch Cyclisierung der entsprechenden g w‐Bromphenyl‐alkansäuren werden die Bromindanone (Ia) und (Ib), das Bromtetralon (Ic) und die Brom‐benzosuberone (Id) und (Ie) dargestellt.
Towards automatic cross-lingual acoustic modelling applied to HMM-based speech synthesis for under-resourced languages (2016)

Nowadays Human Computer Interaction (HCI) can also be achieved with voice user interfaces (VUIs). To enable devices to communicate with humans by speech in the user's own language, low-cost language portability is often discussed and analysed. One of the most time-consuming parts for the language-adaptation process of VUI- capable applications is the target-language speech-data acquisition. Such data is further used in the development of VUIs subsystems, especially of speech-recognition and speech-production systems. The tempting idea to bypass a long-term process of data acquisition is considering the design and development of an automatic algorithms, which can extract the similar target-language acoustic from different language speech databases. This paper focus on the cross-lingual phoneme mapping between an under-resourced and a well-resourced language. It proposes a novel automatic phoneme-mapping technique that is adopted from the speaker-verification field. Such a phoneme mapping is further used in the development of the HMM-based speech-synthesis system for the under-resourced language. The synthesised utterances are evaluated with a subjective evaluation and compared by the expert knowledge cross-language method against to the baseline speech synthesis based just from the under-resourced data. The results reveals, that combining data from well-resourced and under-resourced language with the use of the proposed phoneme-mapping technique, can improve the quality of under-resourced language speech synthesis.
In Vivo Formation of a Human β-Globin Locus Control Region Core Element Requires Binding Sites for Multiple Factors Including GATA-1, NF-E2, Erythroid Kruppel-like Factor, and Sp1 (2001)

The active elements of the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) are located within domains of unique chromatin structure. These nuclease hypersensitive sites (HSs) are characterized by high DNase I sensitivity, erythroid specificity, similar nucleosomal structure, and evolutionarily conserved clusters of cis-acting elements that are required for the formation and function of the core elements. To determine the requirements for HS core formation in the setting of nuclear chromatin, we constructed a series of artificial HS cores containing binding sites for GATA-1, NF-E2, and Sp1. In contrast to the results of previous in vitro experiments, we found that when constructs were stably integrated in mouse erythroleukemia cells the binding sites for NF-E2, GATA-1, or Sp1 alone or in any combination were unable to form core HS structures. We subsequently identified two new cis-acting elements from the LCR HS4 core that, when combined with the NF-E2, Sp1, and tandem inverted GATA elements, result in core structure formation. Both new cis-acting elements bind Sp1, and one binds erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF). We conclude that in vivo beta-globin LCR HS core formation is more complex than previously thought and that several factors are required for this process to occur.
Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man. (1993)

1. The effects of grapefruit juice and naringenin on the activity of the human cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A2 were evaluated using caffeine as a probe substrate. 2. In vitro naringin was a potent competitive inhibitor of caffeine 3-demethylation by human liver microsomes (Ki = 7-29 microM). 3. In vivo grapefruit juice (1.2 l day-1 containing 0.5 g l-1 naringin, the glycone form of naringenin) decreased the oral clearance of caffeine by 23% (95% CI: 7%-30%) and prolonged its half-life by 31% (95% CI: 20%-44%) (n = 12). 4. We conclude that grapefruit juice and naringenin inhibit CYP1A2 activity in man. However, the small effect on caffeine clearance in vivo suggests that in general the ingestion of grapefruit juice should not cause clinically significant inhibition of the metabolism of other drugs that are substrates of CYPIA2.
Computed Tomography (CT) and Flouroscopy-guided Vertebroplasty: Results and Complications in 187 Patients (1999)

Over the past 9 years, percutaneous injection of methyl methacrylate into pathologic vertebral bodies (vertebroplasty) was performed in 187 patients. A total of 289 vertebroplasties (mean: 1.54 vertebra/patient) were performed. The procedure was guided under computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy. The indications for vertebroplasty were severe painful osteoporosis in 105 cases, vertebral body tumors in 69 cases, symptomatic vertebral hemangioma in 11 cases, and postsurgical consolidation in two cases. Satisfactory results based on the reduction of analgesics were obtained in osteoporosis in 78% of the cases, in tumoral lesions in 83% of the cases, and in hemangioma in 73% of the cases. In 14 cases an epidural leak was observed that caused neuralgia in three cases, only without spinal cord compression. In one case, paravertebral overflow was observed along the needle tract; the glue was extracted percutaneously 2 days later. In two cases, the control CT scan reported an asymptomatic pulmonary embolus. The most critical elements to successful vertebroplasty are proper patient selection, correct needle placement, good timing with injection of pasty glue, and operator experience.
Modulation of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Engineered Plants for Disease Resistance (2013)

Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances of low molecular weight produced by plants in response to infection or stress, which form part of their active defense mechanisms. Starting in the 1950's, research on phytoalexins has begun with biochemistry and bio-organic chemistry, resulting in the determination of their structure, their biological activity as well as mechanisms of their synthesis and their catabolism by microorganisms. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of numerous phytoalexins has permitted the use of molecular biology tools for the exploration of the genes encoding enzymes of their synthesis pathways and their regulators. Genetic manipulation of phytoalexins has been investigated to increase the disease resistance of plants. The first example of a disease resistance resulting from foreign phytoalexin expression in a novel plant has concerned a phytoalexin from grapevine which was transferred to tobacco. Transformations were then operated to investigate the potential of other phytoalexin biosynthetic genes to confer resistance to pathogens. Unexpectedly, engineering phytoalexins for disease resistance in plants seem to have been limited to exploiting only a few phytoalexin biosynthetic genes, especially those encoding stilbenes and some isoflavonoids. Research has rather focused on indirect approaches which allow modulation of the accumulation of phytoalexin employing transcriptional regulators or components of upstream regulatory pathways. Genetic approaches using gain- or less-of functions in phytoalexin engineering together with modulation of phytoalexin accumulation through molecular engineering of plant hormones and defense-related marker and elicitor genes have been reviewed.
Mesh Size of Charged Polyacrylamide Hydrogels from Partitioning Measurements (2005)

The equilibrium partition coefficient of fluorescently labeled dextrans with molecular masses from 10 to 70 kDa and of two fluorescently labeled proteins was measured for anionic and cationic polyacrylamide gels with 5% bisacrylamide cross-linking. The gels were synthesized using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and (3-(methacryloylamino)propyl)trimethylammonium chloride monomers within fused silica capillaries with a square section. Partition coefficients were obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity in the gel-filled capillaries equilibrated with dilute solutions of each probe. The partition coefficients show an exponential decay with gel concentration in agreement with the Ogston model for partitioning in fibrous gels. Comparison of the data for 10 kDa dextran with this model yields fiber radii of 0.79 and 0.99 nm for the anionic and the cationic gels, respectively, which are similar in magnitude to values reported in the literature for neutral polyacrylamide gels. Mesh sizes calculated on the basis of a single-pore-radius model vary between about 11 and about 6 nm for gels with gel concentrations between 0.1 and 0.26 g/cm3. Predictions of the dependence of the partition coefficient on the size of the solute based on the Ogston model are, however, only approximate. Better predictions are obtained with an empirical fit based on a model that considers the flexibility of the polymer chains.
A novel acoustic catheter stethoscope based acquisition and signal processing framework to extract multiple bio signals (2017)

In this study, a novel acoustic stethoscope based on an intravenous catheter was introduced to measure vascular pressures from a Yorkshire pig. Our hypothesis is that by means of this single device (measurement system) and by applying signal analysis and processing framework, multiple vital bio signals can be extracted. In contrast, current conventional state-of-the-art technologies use multiple devices to provide the same information. The framework used to extract these bio signals consisted of a noise cancellation technique and wavelet based source separation. The preliminary results obtained from the acquired pressure data revealed the presence of acoustic heart and respiratory pulses. Finally, the computed heart and respiratory rates were benchmarked with actual values measured using conventional devices to validate our hypothesis.
Quantification of platelet retention in aortocoronary femoral vein bypass graft in dogs treated with dipyridamole and aspirin. (1984)

Autologous femoral vein segments were implanted as aortocoronary bypass grafts in 50 dogs, 25 of which were treated with dipyridamole and aspirin to inhibit platelet deposition and 25 that were not. Autologous platelets labeled with indium-111 were injected into some dogs 48 hr before they were killed on the first day after surgery; other dogs were injected 24 hr before they were killed (3, 7, 30, and 90 days after surgery). Radioactivity on the grafts and on control specimens of contralateral femoral veins was converted to quantification of platelets adhering to the vessel wall (platelets/cm2). The treated group had fewer graft platelets per square centimeter than the untreated group on postoperative days 3, 7 (p less than .01), and 30 (p less than .05). Graft and control vein platelets per square centimeter were nearly equal by day 90. Comparison of graft and control specimens by scanning electron microscopy nearly equal by day 90. Comparison of graft and control specimens by scanning electron microscopy revealed deendothelialization at 1 and 7 days after grafting and reendothelialization at 30 and 90 days. The data suggest that indefinite prolongation of therapy to inhibit platelet deposition after bypass grafting may be unnecessary (although other atherosclerotic vessels may benefit from therapy).
Sonic hedgehog increases the skin wound‐healing ability of mouse embryonic stem cells through the micro<scp>RNA</scp> 200 family (2014)

Mouse ESCs accelerated skin wound healing by shh through down-regulating E-cadherin, an effect dependent on mmu-miR-141 and -200b. Our data provides evidence for the effectiveness of shh in stem cell-based therapy in vivo.
a stochastic approach for the range evaluation (2012)

Les applications de traitement du signal ont connu un très fort développement dans les dernières décennies, bénéficiant des avancées majeures de l'industrie des semi-conducteurs. Toutes les implémentations pratiques utilisent larithmétique en virgule fixe afin de réduire la surface et la consommation d'énergie. En conséquence, une conversion de la description en virgule flottante de l'algorithme à une implémentation en virgule fixe qui ajuste la largeur du chemin de données doit être réalisée. C'est un processus d'optimisation qui consiste à trouver les partie fractionnaire (évaluation de la précision numérique) et entière (estimation de la dynamique) minimales qui satisfassent les contraintes de performance. Dans cette thèse, une approche stochastique pour l'évaluation de la dynamique des données est présentée. Notre objectif est d'obtenir une représentation complète de la variabilité qui intègre le comportement probabiliste et non seulement les limites maximales et minimales. Une méthode basée sur le développement de Karhunen-Loève est développée pour le cas des systèmes linéaires et invariants dans le temps. Ensuite, le développement du chaos polynomial est introduit afin de traiter des opérations non-linéaires. Les méthodes sont appliquées à l'optimisation de la taille de données quand une légère dégradation des performances est acceptable. La dynamique retenue ne couvre plus tout l'intervalle théorique de variation : des débordements sont autorisés avec une contrainte quant à leur probabilité d'apparition. Les signaux qui ont des variations importantes de leur amplitude sont approximées avec des intervalles serrés pour réduire le coût de l'implémentation.
Detecting Non-Discoverable Bluetooth Devices (2007)

Mobile communication technologies such as Bluetooth are becoming ubiquitous, but they must provide satisfactory levels of security and privacy. Concerns about Bluetooth device security have led the specification of the “non-discoverable” mode, which prevents devices from being listed during a Bluetooth device search process. However, a nondiscoverable Bluetooth device is visible to devices that know its address or can discover its address. This paper discusses the detection of non-discoverable Bluetooth devices using an enhanced brute force search attack. Our results indicate that the average time to attack a non-discoverable Bluetooth device using multiple search devices and condensed packet timing can be reduced to well under 24 hours. Keywords: Bluetooth security, device discovery, non-discoverable mode
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Tissue Cultures of Pennisetum americanum, and P. americanum x P. Purpureum Hybrid (1981)

Immature embryos as well as explants obtained from young inflorescences of Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) give rise to callus tissues on nutrient media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A compact and pale-yellow callus that arises from the peripheral cells of the scutellum, and from the young inflorescences, undergoes further organized growth. When transferred to a 2,4-D-free medium, supplemented with indole-acetic acid or kinetin, or both, embryoids are formed in the organized areas of the callus. Embryoids show a bipolar organization with a shoot-coleorhiza (root) axis and have a coleoptile-like structure surrounded at the base by a cup-shaped structure that resembles the scutellum in texture and morphology. Embryoids show bilateral or radial symmetry and “germinate” in vitro to form plants that have been grown to maturity in soil. Similar embryogenic callus cultures have been produced from young inflorescence tissues of hybrid Pennisetum, a triploid sexually sterile hybrid of P. americanum x P. purpureum. Plants derived from these have also been transferred to soil. The regenerated plants showed normal chromosome numbers.
[Simplified method to quantitate regional cerebral blood flow by 123I-IMP microsphere model: validity of input counts by using the whole brain time-activity curve and one point arterial blood sampling]. (1998)

We developed a new microsphere method using 123I-IMP in which arterial blood is collected at one time point early after 123I-IMP injection instead of conventional continuous arterial blood sampling, and the input count is estimated using a whole brain time-activity curve until that time point. The differential curve dCb(t)/dt of the brain time-activity curve Cb(t) early after 123I-IMP injection (when the microsphere model is established) approximates the arterial time-activity curve Ca(t) as an input function. The input count as the integral value of Ca(t) at 0-5 min was estimated using the 50 min whole brain activity Cb(5 min) and the differential value dCb(5 min/dt and the 5-min octanol-extracted count of arterial samples obtained at one time point Ca(5 min). The input counts calculated by this method were very closely correlated with measurement values obtained by continuous arterial sampling. This method is more convenient and less invasive than the continuous arterial sampling method.
Zero-Mode Waveguide Detection of Flow-Driven DNA Translocation through Nanopores (2014)

We directly measure the flow-driven injection of DNA through nanopores at the level of single molecule and single pore using a modified zero-mode waveguide method. We observe a flow threshold independent of the pore radius, the DNA concentration, and length. We demonstrate that the flow injection of DNA in nanopores is controlled by an energy barrier as proposed in the de Gennes-Brochard suction model. Finally, we show that the height of the energy barrier is modulated by functionalizing the nanopores.