gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models for an Energy-Efficient P2P Delivery Service (2010)

Data and service delivery have been historically based on a ''network centric'' model, with datacentres being the focal sources. The amount of energy consumed by these datacentres has become an emerging issue for the companies operating them. Thus, many contributions have proposed solutions to improve the energy efficiency of current datacentre architecture and deployments. A recently proposed approach argues for removing the datacentres from the delivery architecture. Their functionalities will instead be distributed at the edge of the network, directly within operator-managed home devices, such as Home Gateways, or Set-Top-Box (STB). This paper presents a study of the overall energy consumption required by such a community of STBs in order to provide the same services as datacentres. This paper also investigates a possible distributed algorithm to further reduce this overall energy consumption. This algorithm will be deployed over a managed peer-to-peer network of STBs. It will make optimized decisions and instruct unused STBs to switch Off to save energy without altering the general Service Level Agreement. We demonstrate the potential benefit of such an algorithm through an off-line scheduling. Finally, we propose a service-delivery model that allows us to integrate the service availability in the energy optimization problem. The combination of these two models is the first step in the development of our energy optimisation distributed algorithm.
Engineering approach to the design of tapered dielectric-rod and horn antennas (1972)

The taper profile of optimized dielectric-rod and horn antennas is synthesized as a series of non-interacting planar radiating apertures. The method is semi-empirical, straightforward to apply, enables the dielectric-rod antenna to be satisfactorily optimized and provides a means of evaluating and optimizing a dielectric-horn antenna with variable wall thickness. The optimum profiles are taken as those which smoothly transform the surface-wave power from the launcher to the radiating aperture. The optimization of the dielectric-rod antenna considerably improves the radiation pattern while computations supported by measurements confirm earlier reports that a dielectric-horn can have a higher gain than a metal horn of similar dimension but side-lobe level is seen to be an important issue. Wide flare-angle horns give ideal E-plane patterns at the expense of a high side-lobe level in the H-plane; for small flare angles the dielectric horn gives similar patterns to the tapered rod antenna and thus preserves rotational symmetry. Calculations throughout are restricted to cylindrical geometry but other geometries and variations on the dielectric-horn principles are described. Useful engineering design data have been compiled for both the dielectric-horn and rod antennas and curves are given which determine near-optimum parameters for gains up to about 20 dB which is seen to be a practical operating limit for these surface wave devices. A unified impression of dielectric antennas emerges with the important conclusion that, when optimized, dielectric-rod and horn antennas are in fact competitive with small metal horns for some applications; furthermore the dielectric-horn antenna, used singly or in arrays, is an ideal device for producing a low side-lobe level in the E-plane.
A shell-and-tube pyrolysis reactor for olefin production (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA shell-and-tube pyrolysis reactor for olefin productionGeraldine J. Heynderickx, Gilbert F. Froment, and Gerard H. MartinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 9, 2080–2087Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00009a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00009a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diels–Alder Reactions for the Construction of Cyclopropylarenes (2012)

Abstract The straightforward synthesis of new bicyclopropyl‐substituted alkynes and 1,3‐dienes and their application in cobalt‐catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions are described. The cycloaddition processes generated the desired bicyclopropyl‐substituted arene derivatives in moderate to good yields, depending on the steric congestion of the reaction partners. The regioselectivity of the cycloaddition was controlled by the ligand coordinated to the cobalt center. The cyclopropyl moiety remained unchanged over the course of the Diels–Alder reaction, indicating that no radical type intermediates were formed. Only in a single case did the DDQ oxidation of the primarily formed dihydroaromatic product lead to ring opening of a cyclopropyl subunit. In all of the other cases, cyclopropyl‐modified arenes with various functionalities were obtained.
Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments for Patients With Chronic Pain (2002)

There are limitations to the success of all the available treatments. The author urges caution in interpreting the results, particularly in comparisons between treatments and across studies, because there are broad differences in the pain syndromes and inclusion criteria used, the drug dosages, comparability of treatments, the definition of "chronic" used, the outcome criteria selected to determine success, and societal differences. None of the currently available treatments eliminates pain for the majority of patients. Pain rehabilitation programs provide comparable reduction in pain to alternative pain treatment modalities, but with significantly better outcomes for medication use, health care utilization, functional activities, return to work, closure of disability claims, and with substantially fewer iatrogenic consequences and adverse events. Surgery, spinal cord stimulators, and IDDSs appear to have substantial benefits on some outcome criteria for carefully selected patients. These modalities are, however, expensive. Pain rehabilitation programs are significantly more cost effective than implantation of spinal cord stimulators, IDDSs, conservative care, and surgery, even for selected patients. Research is needed to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from the available treatments and to study combinations of the available treatments since none of them appear capable of eliminating pain or significantly improving functional outcomes for all treated.
Electrooptical Effects of “Single-Crystalline” Films of Ferroelectric Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride and Trifluoroethylene (1997)

“Single crystalline” (SC) films of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) copolymers (P(VDF/TrFE)) which are highly double-oriented films, do not form an intricate highly ordered structure, for example, a lamellar structure, but a simple one. After a SC film is poled under a dc electric field, one-to-one correspondence can be observed between the macro-(drawn and poling axes) and optical axes in a SC film of P(VDF/TrFE). Therefore, linear electrooptical effects of SC films of P(VDF/TrFE) can be measured at room temperature and constant stress. We then found a large electrooptical coefficient in SC films of P(VDF/TrFE).
Resource Use and Guideline Concordance in Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules for Cancer (2014)

Pulmonary nodule evaluation is often inconsistent with guidelines, including cases with no workup and others with prolonged surveillance or unneeded procedures that may cause harm. Systems to improve quality (eg, aligning radiologist recommendations with guidelines and facilitating communication across providers) are needed before lung cancer screening is widely implemented.
Janus - towards multilingual spoken language translation (1995)

In our effort to build spoken language translation systems we have extended our JANUS system to process spontaneoushuman--human dialogs in a new domain, two people trying to schedule a meeting. Trained on an initial database JANUS-2 is able to translate English and German spoken input in either English, German, Spanish, Japanese or Korean output. To tackle the difficulty of spontaneous human--human dialogs we improved the JANUS-2 recognizer along its three knowledgesourcesacousticmodels, dictionary andlanguage models. We developed a robust translation system which performs semantic rather than syntactic analysis and thus is particulary suited to processing spontaneous speech. We describe repair methods to recover from recognition errors. 1. Introduction JANUS [1, 2] has been among the first systems attempting to provide spoken language translation. While the previous JANUS-1 system processed syntactically wellformed read speech over a 500 word vocabulary, JANUS-2 operates on spontaneo...
Cost effective computerized decision support: tracking caregiver acceptance at the point of care. (1995)

We implemented a computerized decision support tool to standardize the administration of supplemental oxygen (O2) therapy in the acute care (non-ICU) hospital setting. Caregiver acceptance of the computerizeds oxygen therapy protocol (COTP) instructions was measured to determine the clinical performance of the computerized decision support tool. 49.6% of instructions generated were followed by the clinical caregiver, and 16.8% of instructions generated were explicitly acknowledged by the user through the COTP computer interface. Despite this low caregiver response rate, significant favorable changes in the administration of oxygen were observed. This paper is focused on the issues of general importance the caregiver response rate raises for the implementation and clinical use of computerized decision support tools, including: (1) limitations of the user interface and (2) inherent difficulty in changing long-standing practice patterns.
Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Possess Functional CCR5 (2000)

CC chemokine receptors are important modulators of inflammation. Although CC chemokine receptors have been found predominantly on leukocytes, recent studies have suggested that vascular smooth muscle cells respond to CC chemokines. We now report that human smooth muscle cells express CCR5, a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus. CCR5 mRNA was detectable by RNA blot hybridization in human aortic and coronary artery smooth muscle cells. The cDNA generated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from aortic smooth muscle cells had 100% identity throughout the entire coding region with the CCR5 cloned from THP-1 cells. By immunohistochemistry, CCR5 and the CCR5 ligand, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta), were detected in smooth muscle cells and macrophages of the atherosclerotic plaque. In smooth muscle cell culture, MIP-1beta induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, which was blocked by an antibody to CCR5. In addition, MIP-1beta caused a calcium-dependent increase in tissue factor activity. Tissue factor is the initiator of coagulation and is thought to play a key role in arterial thrombosis. These data suggest that human arterial smooth muscle cells express functional CCR5 receptors and MIP-1beta is an agonist for these cells.
WIRELESS MINE WIDE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (2002)

Two industrial prototype units for through-the-earth wireless communication were constructed and tested. Preparation for a temporary installation in NIOSH's Lake Lynn mine for the through-the-earth and the in-mine system were completed. Progress was made in the programming of the in-mine system to provide data communication. Work has begun to implement a wireless interface between equipment controllers and our in-mine system.
WHO and UN slash their estimates of global HIV prevalence (2007)

The World Health Organization and the United Nations have revised downwards their estimate of the number of people infected with HIV in 2007—from nearly 40 million to 33.2 million.

“The single biggest reason for the reduction in global HIV prevalence figures in the past year was the recent revision of estimates in India after an intensive reassessment of the epidemic in the country,” says a report by UNAIDS (the joint United Nations programme on HIV and AIDS) and WHO.

About 50% of the difference is due to the reduction in the estimated prevalence in India and another 20% to a …
A hyperbolic bound for the rate monotonic algorithm (2001)

In this paper we propose a novel schedulability analysis for verifying the feasibility of large periodic task sets under the rate monotonic algorithm, when the exact test cannot be applied on line due to prohibitively long execution times. The proposed test has the same complexity as the original Liu and Layland bound but it is less pessimistic, so allowing to accept task sets that would be rejected using the original approach. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with respect to the classical Liu and Layland method, and theoretical bounds are derived as a function of n (the number of tasks) and for the limit case of n tending to infinity. The analysis is also extended to include aperiodic servers and blocking times due to concurrency control protocols. Extensive simulations on synthetic tasks sets are presented to compare the effectiveness of the proposed test with respect to the Liu and Layland method and the exact response time analysis.
Echocardiographic volumetry of the right ventricle (2004)

The ellipsoidal shell model of the right ventricle is a good model for right ventricular volumetry.
Plasma chromogranin A in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, enterochromaffin-like cell lesions and gastric carcinoids (2005)

CgA plasma levels reflect the histological degree of ECL cell lesions in patients with ABG but the assay specificity is too low to detect among these patients those with gastric carcinoids.
Transmission electron microscopy study of order-disorder phenomena in non-stoichiometric LaNi <sub>5+x</sub> and LaNi <sub>6-x</sub> Cu <sub>x</sub> electrode materials (1992)

Abstract High-energy electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy have been used to investigate the crystallographic properties of non-stoichiometric LaNi5+x (0≤ × ≤0.4) and LaNi6-xCux (0≤ × ≤3.0) electrode materials, which are based on the CaCu5 structure type. Structural aspects with respect to Ni/Cu rich deviations from the exact AB 5 stoichiometry are studied. X-ray powder diagrams show only the basic CaCu5 diffraction lines without any superstructure lines, and are therefore interpreted in terms of random substitutions of A atoms (La) by dumbbell pairs of B atoms (Ni/Cu) oriented along the c axis, thereby leading to a contraction and expansion of the lattice in the a and c direction, respectively. The observation of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction, which is located on a specific geometry in diffraction space, reveals that a large amount of the substitutions of A atoms by B 2 dumbbells occur in a partially ordered manner. High-resolution electron microscopy shows that small Ni/Cu rich domains exist, in which the ordering is related to the stacking of A atoms and B 2 dumbbells in the ordered rhombohedral and hexagonal A 2B17 superstructures, and in the tetragonal AB 12 superstructure.
Data search and reorganization using FPGAs: application to spatial pointer-based data structures (2003)

FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) have appealing features such as customizable internal and external bandwidth and the ability to exploit vast amounts of fine-grain parallelism. In this paper, we explore the applicability of these features in using FPGAs as smart memory engines for search and reorganization computations over spatial pointer-based data structures. The experimental results in this paper suggests that reconfigurable logic, when combined with the data reorganization, can lead to dramatic performance improvements of up to 20x over traditional computer architectures for pointer-based computations, traditionally not viewed as a good match for reconfigurable technologies.
Abdominal Insufflation Decreases Blood Loss without Worsening the Inflammatory Response: Implications for Prehospital Control of Internal Bleeding (2008)

Abdominal insufflation (AI) by carbon dioxide has been shown to decrease the rate of bleeding in different swine models of abdominal organ injuries. With development of appropriate tools, AI could be used to control bleeding temporarily in the prehospital setting. Concerns have been raised about the inflammatory response to AI, which could damage organs at a later stage despite initial hemostasis. We hypothesized that AI controls bleeding without inducing an unfavorable inflammatory response. An experimental splenic injury was caused in 28 Yorkshire pigs, which were randomized to: 1) standard resuscitation (n = 14) with crystalloids to a mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg, or 2) standard resuscitation and AI (n = 14) to an abdominal pressure of 20 cmH2O. The experiment lasted for 30 minutes, and intra-abdominal blood loss was measured. Blood serum interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), transforming growth factor beta1, and lung tissue heat shock protein 70 gene expression were measured at 0, 15, and 30 minutes, as markers of the inflammatory response. All animals survived to the end of the experiment. Total blood loss was significantly less in the AI group compared with the other standard resuscitation animals (733 +/- 76 vs 1094 +/- 153 mL, P = 0.049). The pH at the end of the experiment was significantly lower in the AI group (7.28 +/- 0.02 vs 7.44 +/- 0.05, P < 0.01) but there was no difference in lactate levels (1.5 +/- 0.4 vs 1.7 +/- 0.3, P = 0.7). Similarly, there was no difference in IL-1beta, transforming growth factor beta1, or lung tissue heat shock protein 70 gene expression between the two groups at any time point, although there was a trend towards lower IL-1beta levels in the AI group. Our conclusion is that AI reduces blood loss from splenic injury without a measurable effect on the early inflammatory response in a clinically relevant animal model.
Development of electrolytic treatment of oily wastewater (1983)

Abstract Experimental data on a new electrolytic treatment for oily wastewater indicate that the process can render the wastewater suitable for direct discharge to municipal sewers.
Codon usage can affect efficiency of translation of genes in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1984)

By inserting synthetic oligonucleotides into a highly expressed gene in E. coli it has been shown that unfavourable codon usage can reduce the maximum translation rate of a protein. However, in the case of the codon used (AGG), a significant effect on translation was only seen at very high transcription rates from a gene containing multiple copies of the unfavourable codon.
Toward Oxidation-Resistant ZrB2-SiC Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (2010)

Ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), including ZrB2-SiC, are designed for extreme environment applications in which temperatures exceed 2273 K (2000 °C). A key material property of UHTCs in many applications is their resistance to oxidation. Recent research into UHTCs is described, revealing a variety of different methods for improving the oxidation performance, which include control of starting powders, composition and size distribution, mixing, and densification techniques. The use of additives has also been researched widely, for example, to increase the viscosity of any liquid phase formed or provide protective refractory phases at high temperatures. SiC additions are effective in forming protective silica but only in static environments and to ~1873 K (1600 °C). For higher temperature applications, additions of La lead to the formation of a dense ZrO2 scale probably via liquid phase sintering. Such ceramic systems, which produce self-generating refractory oxidation barriers or dense ZrO2 scales, show the greatest promise in providing oxidation-resistant UHTCs.
Serotonin Modulated CA<sup>++</sup>Dependent K<sup>+</sup>Channels in Alloimmune Effector Cell Lytic Function (1989)

Potassium channel activity has been implicated in the lytic function of cloned murine effector T lymphocytes (5) and human NK cells (12) as well as in the initiation of the injury process in tumor cells (23). In the present studies, the effects of various K+ channel blockers on the cytolytic function of in vivo derived alloimmune lymphocytes towards P815 tumor cells were evaluated. The classical K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), the naturally occurring monoamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and its agonist, quipazine, as well as the Ca++ dependent K+ channel blocker quinidine were chosen for investigation based on their known ion channel gating properties. These agents, when present in the assay medium, inhibited in a dose dependent manner the lysis of P815 tumor cells as measured by specific 51Cr release. Preincubation of effector lymphocytes with the various K+ channel blockers resulted in greater inhibition of lysis than did the preincubation of target cells. The 5-HT agonist quipazine was of particular interest in that it inhibited the lytic process with equal effectiveness when continuously present in the assay medium or when the effector cells alone were preincubated. Quinidine was used to investigate whether Ca++ dependent K+ channels were the predominant ion channel involved in the lytic process. When present during the lytic assay, quinidine was similar to quipazine in terms of their dose range at which they inhibited the lytic process. These results indicate that 5-HT sensitive Ca++ dependent K+ channels are likely to be involved in the delivery of lytic signal (s) by immune effector lymphocytes and suggests that neuroenocrine products may modulate the functional activity of in vivo derived lymphocytes.
Confocal microscopic image sequence compression using vector quantization and 3D pyramids (2003)

The 3D pyramid compressor project at the University of Glasgow has developed a compressor for images obtained from CLSM device. The proposed method using a combination of image pyramid coder and vector quantization techniques has good performance at compressing confocal volume image data. An experiment was conducted on several kinds of CLSM data using the presented compressor compared to other well-known volume data compressors, such as MPEG-1. The results showed that the 3D pyramid compressor gave higher subjective and objective image quality of reconstructed images at the same compression ratio and presented more acceptable results when applying image processing filters on reconstructed images.