gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent effects on the microstructure and properties of 75/25 poly(<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide) tissue scaffolds (2004)

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is used in many biomedical applications because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, and FDA approved. PLGA can also be processed into porous tissue scaffolds, often through the use of organic solvents. A static light scattering experiment showed that 75/25 PLGA is well solvated in acetone and methylene chloride, but forms aggregates in chloroform. This led to an investigation of whether the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were affected by solvent choice. Porous 75/25 PLGA scaffolds were created with the use of the solvent casting/particulate leaching technique with three different solvents: acetone, chloroform, and methylene chloride. Compression testing resulted in stiffness values of 21.7 +/- 4.8 N/mm for acetone, 18.9 +/- 4.2 N/mm for chloroform, and 30.2 +/- 9.6 N/mm for methylene chloride. Permeability testing found values of 3.9 +/- 1.9 x 10(-12) m2 for acetone, 3.6 +/- 1.3 x 10(-12) m2 for chloroform, and 2.4 +/- 1.0 x 10(-12) m2 for methylene chloride. Additional work was conducted to uncouple polymer/solvent interactions from evaporation dynamics, both of which may affect the scaffold properties. The results suggest that solvent choice creates small but significant differences in scaffold properties, and that the rate of evaporation is more important in affecting scaffold microstructure than polymer/solvent interactions.
A sub 100ns 32K EEPROM (1982)

A 32K floating-gate EEPROM, having a typical access time of 90ns, latched inputs, erasure by word, subpage, page or bulk, as well as bulk 'O' programming, will be described.
Detection of Cytomegalovirus DNA in Peripheral Blood of Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1988)

Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA can be facilitated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an in vitro gene amplification technique. Twenty-eight CMV tissue culture isolates were examined by amplification of two separate CMV genes. All were found to contain CMV, although two of the isolates were positive for only one of the two genes. No detectable amplification occurred with human genomic or other viral DNA controls. The amplification products from as few as one CMV plaque-forming unit could be detected after the PCR. CMV DNA was detected in the blood of 14 of 27 patients with AIDS and one of six patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus but who did not have AIDS. Normal CMV-seropositive or -seronegative individuals did not have CMV DNA detected in their blood. The CMV PCR was more sensitive than the standard culture assay, can be completed in one to two days, uses only 20 microL of blood, and may be useful for rapidly detecting CMV in clinical specimens.
Collaborative Protection and Control Schemes for Shipboard Electrical Systems (2007)

Abstract : This proiect aimed at the development of new protection and configuration management schemes for the next generation DC zonal shipboard electrical systems (DC SES). The research has demonstrated the feasibility of two new options for the protections devices. First approach uses the Voltage Source Converters, and the second approach uses the new solid-state based protection devices (SSPD) for limiting and interrupting the fault currents. Then, a new agent based protection scheme using these new devices has been developed for effective protection of DC SES. It has been shown that these protection agents, which are associated with protection devices, can detect and isolate the faults very fast - less than 3-4 ms. Second part of the research has focused on the main design issues related to configuration management on DC SES after a fault, and a new scheme has been developed. The method uses the protection agents to localize the fault fast and thus assure continuity of supply to the critical loads even under battle damage conditions.
Statistical Verification and Optimization of Integrated Circuits (2011)

Semiconductor technology has gone through several decades of aggressive scaling. The ever shrinking size of both transistors and interconnects is necessitating the interaction between the circuit designers and the foundries that fabricate the IC products. In particular, the designers must take into account the impact of the process variability early in the design stage. This includes both the verification and optimization of the circuit with statistical models characterizing the process variability. This thesis advances three frontiers in the variability-aware design flow. Yield estimation is a crucial but expensive verification step in circuit design. Existing methods either suffer from computationally intensive rare event probability calculation, or exhibit poor stability. We investigate the problem by combining partial least squares (PLS) regression, a dimension-reduction technique, with importance sampling, a variance-reduction technique. The simulation results show that the method is able to improve the convergence speed by at least an order of magnitude over existing fast simulation methods, and four orders of magnitude faster than Monte Carlo. In addition to PLS-preconditioned importance sampling, several other methods are also investigated, and their properties are compared.For a quicker verification of the robustness of the circuit, circuit designers often simulate the circuit using corner models. Current corner models are extracted using single transistor performances and cannot incorporate local variability. These facts limit the usage of corner models in deep sub-micron devices and analog applications. We propose to extract the customized corners using PLS regression. The method is tested using ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits. Both the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the circuit performance predicted by the customized corners agree with Monte Carlo simulation, while delivering two orders of magnitude computational acceleration. The last frontier concerns robust circuit optimization. Most of the existing methods can only deal with a pessimistic worst-case problem. We choose to solve the ideal yield-constrained circuit optimization problem. To this end, we introduce the idea of robust convex approximation to design automation for the first time. Based on the convex approximation, we propose a sequential method to accommodate a realistic, hierarchical variability model. A simple line-search as an outer-loop algorithm is used to control the output the method. The optimization result shows that the proposed method is capable of handling circuits of thousands of gates without performance penalties due to overdesign.
<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Viability, Integrity, and Inflammation in Genital Epithelia upon Exposure to Pharmaceutical Excipients and Candidate Microbicides (2010)

The use of microbicides is a promising approach for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission. Unfortunately, various candidates failed in clinical trials. In some cases, the candidate microbicide even resulted in enhanced virus transmission. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more predictive preclinical strategies to anticipate the in vivo efficiency/toxicity rate, including in vitro assays that evaluate effects on epithelial integrity and inflammation. The present study aims to identify potential safety issues concerning the use of microbicides and excipients commonly used in vaginal microbicide preparations. The toxicities of various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs; TMC-120, UC-781, tenofovir [PMPA], PRO-2000, and glycerol monolaurate [GML]) and excipients (preservatives, cosolvents, surfactants, and cyclodextrins) were evaluated using an in vitro dual-chamber model and uterine cervical explants. Epithelial viability and permeation of fluorescent virus-sized beads, as well as induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8; as a sensitive marker of an inflammatory response), were assessed. Surprisingly, cell viability and epithelial layer integrity were compromised by most excipients at concentrations near the typical concentration used in vaginal gels, and a significant increase in the production of IL-8 was observed at subtoxic concentrations. Within the APIs, TMC-120, UC-781, and PMPA showed higher selectivity indices than PRO-2000 and GML. In conclusion, identification of safety issues concerning the use of pharmaceutical excipients could help to formulate less toxic vaginal microbicide preparations.
A semantics of contrast and information structure for specifying intonation in spoken language generation (1996)

In this dissertation I present a model for the determination of intonation contours from context and provide two implemented systems which apply this theory to the problem of generating spoken language with appropriate intonation from high-level semantic representations. The theory and implementations presented here are based on an information structure framework that mediates between intonation and discourse, and encodes the proper level of semantic information to account for both contextually-bound accentuation patterns and intonational phrasing. The structural similarities among these linguistic levels of representation are the basis for selecting Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG,Steedman1985, 1990a) as the model for spoken language production. This model licenses congruent syntactic, prosodic and information structural constituents and consequently represents a simplifcation over models of prosody developed in syntactically more traditional frameworks.\nThe previous mention heuristic, which has been widely used as a model for determining intonation contours, is shown to be inadequate for handling a broad range of examples involving semantic contrasts, which require pitch accents to be allocated based on their ability to discriminate among available entities in the discourse model. To address this problem, I introduce a model that determines accentual patterns based on sets of alternative entities in the knowledge base. The algorithms for building the information structural representations that encode the semantics of intonation supply the foundation for two computational implementations. These implementations demonstrate how the theoretical model applies to the problem of producing contextually-appropriate spoken output in a natural language generation framework and provide a platform for incrementally testing and refning the underlying theory.
Powder Geometry and Structural Design of the High Volumetric Efficiency Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitor (1973)

The influence of powder geometry on the performance of tantalum electrolytic capacitors was investigated over a range of conditions. Two design normalizations were chosen to compare measurements with a transmission line model. To a first order approximation the results are as predicted by theory. Ano'malies appear in the behavior of capacitance and the equivalent series resistance (ESR) under extreme conditions. Powder geometry and anode size also give second order effects. The findings are useful in capacitor design.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (2003)

A worldwide epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which is probably caused by a mutated or recombinant animal coronavirus and has acquired tropism for the human host, is apparent. A case definition for facilitating diagnosis and surveillance of SARS is issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Cancer risks in carriers of the <i>BRCA1/2</i> Ashkenazi founder mutations (2007)

A 2.5-fold increase in any other cancer and a fourfold risk of colon cancer were found among BRCA1 carriers. The corresponding HRs in BRCA2 carriers were non-significant, except for the markedly elevated risk of lymphoma. These results suggest a role for BRCA1/2 mutations in colorectal cancer risk in a subgroup of BC/OC-affected carriers.
A unity-power-factor buck-type PWM rectifier for medium/high-power DC motor drive applications (2002)

This paper describes the application of a single-stage unity-power-factor buck-type pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier to medium- and high-power variable-speed dc motor drives. The advantages of the developed system are low harmonic distortion in AC supply currents (complying with IEEE Std. 519 and IEC 555), nearly unity power factor over a wide operating shaft speed range, and nearly level armature current and voltage waveforms. These properties of output voltage and current quantities of the converter eliminate entirely any failure risk in current commutation even for oldest motor designs, and further motor problems such as accelerated aging in motor insulation, and mechanical failure due to circulating bearing currents. The design criteria and operating features and characteristics of the buck-type PWM rectifier employed in a unity-power-factor DC motor drive are discussed in the paper. The performance of the resulting system has been tested on 25-65-kW 100-150-A 10-20-kHz DC motor drives, used in various processes of an iron and steel plant.
A 3.5 W 977 nm Cladding-pumped Jacketed Air-Clad Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Laser (2003)

A cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped jacketed air clad fiber laser operating at 977 nm generates a record-breaking 3.5 W of output power in a nearly diffraction-limited output beam, with a slope efficiency of 42% and a threshold of 410 mW with respect to launched power.
Theoretical Analysis and Reaction Mechanisms for Experimental Results of Hydrogen-Oxygen-Metal Systems (2014)

Abstract—Theoretical analysis of recently observed excess heat and anomalous vacuum effects for hydrogen-oxygen-metal systems is described based on theory of Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF). The anomalous excess heat effect is explained by oxygen fusion via BECNF process producing sulfur. The observed vacuum effect is explained by BEC process. Index Terms—Oxygen fusion in metals, Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion, excess heat generation, anomalous vacuum effect 1.
Circulating Tumor Cells, Enumeration and Beyond (2010)

The detection and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has shown significant clinical utility with respect to prognosis in breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. Emerging studies show that CTCs can provide pharmacodynamic information to aid therapy decision making. CTCs as a 'virtual and real-time biopsy' have clear potential to facilitate exploration of tumor biology, and in particular, the process of metastasis. The challenge of profiling CTC molecular characteristics and generating CTC signatures using current technologies is that they enrich rather than purify CTCs from whole blood; we face the problem of looking for the proverbial 'needle in the haystack'. This review summarizes the current methods for CTC detection and enumeration, focuses on molecular characterization of CTCs, unveils some aspects of CTC heterogeneity, describes attempts to purify CTCs and scans the horizon for approaches leading to comprehensive dissection of CTC biology.
Thermodynamics for the hydrogenation of dicobalt octacarbonyl in supercritical carbon dioxide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics for the hydrogenation of dicobalt octacarbonyl in supercritical carbon dioxideJ. W. Rathke, R. J. Klingler, and T. R. KrauseCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 2, 585–588Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00038a014https://doi.org/10.1021/om00038a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Templated Grain Growth of Textured Piezoelectric Ceramics (2004)

ABSTRACT Crystallographic texturing of polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics offers a means of achieving significant enhancements in the piezoelectric response. Templated grain growth (TGG) enables the fabrication of textured ceramics with single crystal-like properties, as well as single crystals. In TGG, nucleation and growth of the desired crystal on aligned single crystal template particles results in an increased fraction of oriented material with heating. To facilitate alignment during forming, template particles must be anisometric in shape. To serve as the preferred sites for epitaxy and subsequent oriented growth of the matrix, the template particles need to be single crystal and chemically stable up to the growth temperature. Besides templating the growth process, the template particles may also serve as seed sites for phase formation of a reactive matrix. This process, referred to as Reactive TGG (RTGG), has been used to obtain highly oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3, Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6, and (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3. Highly oriented Bi4Ti3O12, Sr2Nb2O7, CaBi4Ti4O15, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3, Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6 and (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3 ceramics have been produced by TGG. The resulting ceramics show texture levels up to 90%, and significant enhancements in the piezoelectric properties relative to randomly oriented ceramics with comparable densities. For example, piezoelectric coefficients of textured piezoelectrics are from 2 to 3 times higher than polycrystalline ceramics and as high as 90% of the single crystal values. In textured PMN-PT, a low field (< 5 kV/cm) piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) of ∼1600 pC/N was obtained with > 0.3% strain (at 50 kV/cm). The high field dielectric and electromechanical properties of textured perovskites are more hysteretic than those of single crystals, probably as a result of clamping by the residual template particles, residual random grains, the presence of non-ferroelectric second phases, and a wide orientation distribution. Lateral clamping of one grain by another may also be an important factor in fiber-textured samples. Means to further improve the quality of texture and thus properties of textured piezoelectric ceramics by TGG are presented.
Hysteretic magnetoelectric behavior of CoFe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> –BaTiO <sub>3</sub> composites prepared by reductive sintering and reoxidation (2016)

Magnetoelectric composites (CoFe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>x</sub> –(BaTiO <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>1−x</sub> with <italic>x</italic> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 were prepared by a polyol mediated synthesis route followed by reactive densification.
Finding the best marketing mix (2005)

Purpose Looks at how to find the best marketing mix for a particular company and how to track and measure marketing activities for return on investment. Design/methodology/approach Opinion piece. Findings Six guidelines will help to identify and implement the best marketing mix: Set up the right scorecards; Track and analyze; Don't be afraid to experiment; Keep both brand and revenues in mind; Look over the fence; and Build a test and learn culture. Practical implications Provides managers with guidelines for determining marketing budgets and activities. Original/value Of particular to strategic planners, CEOs, senior executives, brand managers, marketing.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted solvent extraction of hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) seed oil using RSM: Evaluation of oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of oil (2020)

In this study, the effect of solvent ratio of hexane to isopropanol (0:100, 50:50, and 100:0 v/v%), extraction temperature (30, 45, and 60°C), and time (30, 60, and 90 min) were investigated on the oil extraction efficiency, total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging, peroxide value, and oil color index. Extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions were obtained as hexane-to-isopropanol ratio of approximately 3:2, temperature of 40.26°C, and ultrasonication time of 54.40 min. Then, the hemp seed oil was extracted under the optimal conditions. The optimal predicted contents for oil yield (31.22%), total phenolics (3.19 mg GA/g oil), DPPH inhibition (73.86%), peroxide (4.62 meq/kg), and color index (28.2) were agreed with the predicted conditions because the RSE values were less than 5%. Hemp seed oil can be used extensively due to its high nutritional values, and antioxidant potential and ultrasound can improve oil extraction as a simple and fast method.
A German Jew Goes East (1958)

A German Jew Goes East Get access Max Mayer Max Mayer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 1958, Pages 344–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/leobaeck/3.1.344 Published: 01 January 1958
Intensity modulated optical fibre sensor system for measuring up to 20 mm of linear displacement (1992)

The development of an intensity modulated optical fibre sensor system is described which was configured to provide referencing against the major sources of error likely to be present within such a system. A single broadband LED source is utilised to provide two separate narrow-band wavelength signals, one as the measurand and a second as the reference. Both wavelength signals are extracted by using optical bandpass filters to spectrally slice the LED emission. The sensor system provides an output fully referenced for all major common-mode variations arising from the optical propagation effects as well as those due to the LED instability. The optical sensor employs a Graded-Index (GRIN) rod microlens together with an interference filter and a moving mirror element. The performance characteristics of the prototype dual wavelength sensor system show a linear displacement range of up to 20 mm.
A randomized clinical trial of phenelzine and imipramine for posttraumatic stress disorder (1988)

In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the efficacy of imipramine and of phenelzine was compared with that of placebo in 34 male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both medications reduced PTSD symptoms.