gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cefiderocol, a Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin for Gram-Negative Bacteria, in Healthy Subjects (2018)

Cefiderocol is a novel parenteral siderophore cephalosporin that shows potent efficacy against various Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant strains, <i>in vitro</i> and in preclinical models of infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of cefiderocol after both single and multiple dosing by intravenous infusion over 60 min in healthy adult subjects. A single-ascending-dose study at doses of 100, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg was conducted in 40 healthy Japanese males and females (6 individuals receiving the active drug and 2 individuals receiving a placebo per cohort). A multiple-ascending-dose study at doses of 1,000 (two groups) and 2,000 mg every 8 h (q8h) was conducted in 30 healthy Japanese and Caucasian males (8 individuals receiving the active drug and 2 individuals receiving a placebo per cohort). There were no serious or clinically significant adverse events (AEs) observed in either study. A single subject receiving 1,000 mg cefiderocol q8h was withdrawn due to AEs. Dose-proportional increases in the maximum plasma concentration (<i>C</i><sub>max</sub>), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration after dosing, and the area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated from time zero to infinity were observed across the dose range of 100 to 2,000 mg. The mean plasma half-life of cefiderocol was 1.98 to 2.74 h. Cefiderocol was primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (61.5% to 68.4% of the dose). There was little accumulation of <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> and AUC by dosing q8h, and the PK of cefiderocol did not change with multiple dosing. This study indicates that single and multiple intravenous doses of cefiderocol at up to 2,000 mg are well tolerated in healthy subjects and exhibit linear PK at doses up to 2,000 mg.
Automated Extraction of Semantic Legal Metadata using Natural Language Processing (2018)

[Context] Semantic legal metadata provides information that helps with understanding and interpreting the meaning of legal provisions. Such metadata is important for the systematic analysis of legal requirements. [Objectives] Our work is motivated by two observations: (1) The existing requirements engineering (RE) literature does not provide a harmonized view on the semantic metadata types that are useful for legal requirements analysis. (2) Automated support for the extraction of semantic legal metadata is scarce, and further does not exploit the full potential of natural language processing (NLP). Our objective is to take steps toward addressing these limitations. [Methods] We review and reconcile the semantic legal metadata types proposed in RE. Subsequently, we conduct a qualitative study aimed at investigating how the identified metadata types can be extracted automatically. [Results and Conclusions] We propose (1) a harmonized conceptual model for the semantic metadata types pertinent to legal requirements analysis, and (2) automated extraction rules for these metadata types based on NLP. We evaluate the extraction rules through a case study. Our results indicate that the rules generate metadata annotations with high accuracy.
A comparison of fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen as markers in colon carcinoma. (1984)

The diagnostic value of a recently described cancer marker, fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase ( FHAP ), was compared with the established marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in the diagnosis of colon cancer. Comparisons were made with respect to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, and efficiency. An upper limit of normal of 2.1 units/L was assumed for FHAP , based on earlier studies. Two values for the upper limit of normal for CEA were tested: 2.5 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL. When 2.5 ng/mL was used as the upper limit of normal for CEA, FHAP was less sensitive, more specific, and had a higher predictive value. The diagnostic efficiency was not significantly different. When the upper limit of normal for CEA was set at 5.0 ng/mL, the two tests were roughly equal in sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and diagnostic efficiency.
Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds (2007)

DNA barcoding seeks to assemble a standardized reference library for DNA-based identification of eukaryotic species. The utility and limitations of this approach need to be tested on well-characterized taxonomic assemblages. Here we provide a comprehensive DNA barcode analysis for North American birds including 643 species representing 93% of the breeding and pelagic avifauna of the USA and Canada. Most (94%) species possess distinct barcode clusters, with average neighbour-joining bootstrap support of 98%. In the remaining 6%, barcode clusters correspond to small sets of closely related species, most of which hybridize regularly. Fifteen (2%) currently recognized species are comprised of two distinct barcode clusters, many of which may represent cryptic species. Intraspecific variation is weakly related to census population size and species age. This study confirms that DNA barcoding can be effectively applied across the geographical and taxonomic expanse of North American birds. The consistent finding of constrained intraspecific mitochondrial variation in this large assemblage of species supports the emerging view that selective sweeps limit mitochondrial diversity.
Construction of a stable bioengineered strain of biotechmycin. (1999)

A stable bioengineered strain of Biotechmycin (Streptomyces spiramyceticus WSJ-1) was constructed by integrating the 4"-isovaleryltransferase gene (ist) through homologous recombination into the chromosome of spiramycin-producing strain S.spiramyceticus F21. In this construction, a Streptomyces/E.coli shuttle plasmid pKC1139 (AmR) was used as the vector and tsr gene was inserted as the marker for selection of homologous recombination. This constructed strain, S.spiramyceticus WSJ-1, was genetically very stable in production titer and in the production of biotechmycin as well as in carrying tsr selective marker when grown without pressure. The fermentation of S.spiramyceticus WSJ-1 was also improved compared with the original strain harboring unintegrated plasmid. Southern hybridization confirmed the integrated status of the ist gene in the host genome.
MN Protein Immunolocalization in Uterine Cervix Carcinoma With Glandular Differentiation: A Clinicopathologic Study of a New Cancer-specific Biomarker (1995)

MN protein is the product of the newly described endogenous MN gene that is expressed in the tumorigenic phenotype of HeLa X fibroblast somatic cell hybrids. MN protein has carbonic anhydrase and putative DNA binding activity. With the exception of gastric mucosa, MN protein is expressed in neoplasia, particularly uterine cervix carcinoma, but not in benign tissue. This investigation examined the pathogenetic and prognostic significance of MN-protein immunoreactivity in uterine cervix carcinoma with glandular differentiation. Paraffin sections from 77 cervix carcinomas with glandular differentiations including 36 pure adenocarcinomas and 41 adenosquamous carcinomas were immunostained with anti-MN-protein (M-75 monoclonal proprietary; Ciba Corning Diagnostics, Alameda, CA). A total of 64.9% of cervix carcinomas with glandular differentiation exhibit MN-protein immunoreactivity localized to plasma membranes, cytoplasm, and some nuclei of neoplastic cells only, but not in adjacent benign tissue. The MN-protein staining intensity and distribution was as follows: 37.7% strong diffuse (≥ 50% cells positive), 19.5% strong focal (< 50% cells positive), and weak (7.8%). Immunoreactivity occurred in both squamous and glandular areas of adenosquamous carcinomas and was unrelated to histopathologic features. Follow-up information was available on 67 patients: 31 exhibited recurrent disease (7 pelvic, 14 distant, and 10 both) at 1–144 months (mean 37, median 14), and 36 were disease-free at 12–216 months (mean 67, median 44.5). MN-protein immunoreactivity (all positives, both standard diffuse and strong focal, or standard diffuse only) exhibited no association with clinical outcome. Recurrent disease was associated with nuclear grade ( P < .001), lymphatic invasion ( P < .005), size on clinical examination or pathologic evaluation ( P < .005), pelvic lymph node involvement ( P < .05), and clinical stage ( P < .05). MN-protein immunoreactivity did not correlate with these features and did not help predict which patients would develop recurrence in the good prognosis groups. Our data show that expression of MN-protein is associated with cervix carcinoma with glandular differentiation carcinogenesis. MN-protein immunolocalization may have a diagnostic role in confirming cervix carcinoma with glandular differentiation in histologically challenging cases.
Observation of Microscale Superlubricity in Graphite (2012)

Upon shearing a microscale lithographically defined graphite mesa, the sheared section retracts spontaneously to minimize interface energy. Here, we demonstrate a sixfold symmetry of the self-retraction and provide a first experimental estimate of the frictional force involved, as direct evidence that the self-retraction is due to superlubricity, where ultralow friction occurs between incommensurate surfaces. The effect is remarkable because it occurs reproducibly under ambient conditions and over a contact area of up to 10×10 μm2, more than 7 orders of magnitude larger than previous scanning-probe-based studies of superlubricity in graphite. By analyzing the sheared interface, we show how the grain structure of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite determines the probability of self-retraction. Our results demonstrate that such self-retraction provides a novel probe of superlubricity, and the robustness of the phenomenon opens the way for practical applications of superlubricity in micromechanical systems.
Multifrequency zero-jitter delay-locked loop (1994)

The approach of an all-digital phase locked loop is used in this delay-locked loop circuit. This design is designated to a system with two processing units, a master CPU and a slave system chip, that share the same bus. It allows maximum utilization of the bus, as the minimal skew between the clocks of the two components significantly reduces idle periods, and also set-up and hold times. Changes in the operating frequency are possible, without falling out of synchronization. Due to the special lead-lag phase detector, the jitter of the clock is zero, when the loop is locked, under any working conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessing Spatial Variability of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide in Montréal, Canada, with a Land-Use Regression Model (2005)

The purpose of this study was to derive a land-use regression model to estimate on a geographical basis ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. These estimates of concentrations of NO2 will be subsequently used to assess exposure in epidemiologic studies on the health effects of traffic-related air pollution. In May 2003, NO2 was measured for 14 consecutive days at 67 sites across the city using Ogawa passive diffusion samplers. Concentrations ranged from 4.9 to 21.2 ppb (median 11.8 ppb). Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between logarithmic concentrations of NO2 and land-use variables derived using the ESRI Arc 8 geographic information system. In univariate analyses, NO2 was negatively associated with the area of open space and positively associated with traffic count on nearest highway, the length of highways within any radius from 100 to 750 m, the length of major roads within 750 m, and population density within 2000 m. Industrial land-use and the length of minor roads showed-no association with NO2. In multiple regression analyses, distance from the nearest highway, traffic count on the nearest highway, length of highways and major roads within 100 m, and population density showed significant associations with NO2; the best-fitting regression model had a R2 of 0.54. These analyses confirm the value of land-use regression modeling to assign exposures in large-scale epidemiologic studies.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Synergizes with Th2 Cytokines to Induce Optimal Levels of TARC/CCL17 (2007)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus that preferentially infects airway epithelial cells, causing asthma exacerbations and severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. Acute RSV infection induces inflammation in the lung. Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) recruits Th2 cells to sites of inflammation. We found that acute RSV infection of BALB/c mice increased TARC production in the lung. Immunization of BALB/c mice with individual RSV proteins can lead to the development of Th1- or Th2-biased T cell responses in the lung after RSV infection. We primed animals with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing either the RSV fusion (F) protein or the RSV attachment (G) protein, inducing Th1- and Th2-biased pulmonary memory T cell responses, respectively. After RSV infection, TARC production significantly increased in the vaccinia virus G-primed animals only. These data suggest a positive feedback loop for TARC production between RSV infection and Th2 cytokines. RSV-infected lung epithelial cells cultured with IL-4 or IL-13 demonstrated a marked increase in the production of TARC. The synergistic effect of RSV and IL-4/IL-13 on TARC production reflected differential induction of NF kappa B and STAT6 by the two stimuli (both are in the TARC promoter). These findings demonstrate that RSV induces a chemokine TARC that has the potential to recruit Th2 cells to the lung.
The Research of Data Storage and Retrieval Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Recently, several data storage schemes have been developed to store massive sensor data in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A crucial task of WSNs is to disseminate useful information to users efficiently and handle the data storage architecture incorporating their extreme resource constraints. A Distributed Index based Multi-resolution Storage Architecture (DIMSA) for data storage and retrieval at multiple levels of detail in WSNs is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme could automatically disseminate useful information to users in correspondence to the user defined level of detail to save energy. In the condition that some attributes are included in many events, the values for these attributes have to be replicated and stored at different places in the network for each individual event in traditional data-centric storage schemes. This will consume some extra energy. To address this problem, DIMSA deploys an attribute allocation scheme for finding a good distribution of attributes to the sensor networks. In addition, a distributed index scheme is also proposed to avoid query flooding and extra data transmission. Analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show that DIMSA outperforms the traditional data-centric storage scheme like GHT.
RNA-sequence-mediated gene regulation in HIV-1. (1995)

The quantity and quality of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is controlled in large part by the action of two small nuclear viral regulatory proteins termed Tat and Rev. Tat is unique among transcriptional trans-activators in that it acts via a structured RNA target sequence, termed TAR, to induce high levels of transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter element. The activity of the viral Rev protein is also unprecedented in that this protein functions to induce the nuclear export of a specific class of viral RNA species that are otherwise sequestered in the nucleus by the action of cellular factors. Like Tat, Rev also interacts with a highly specific cis-acting target sequence termed, in this case, the Rev Response Element. In this review, I provide an outline of our current understanding of the roles and mechanisms of action of these two novel RNA-sequence-dependent regulatory proteins.
Neonatal administration of prolactin antiserum alters the developmental pattern of T- and B-lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen of BALB/c female mice. (1988)

We have evaluated the effect of neonatal administration of mouse prolactin (PRL) antiserum on the developmental expression of T- and B-lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen of female BALB/c mice. Newborn female mice were injected subcutaneously with a 50-microliters aliquot of PRL antiserum or normal rabbit serum on days 1, 2, and 3. On neonatal day 5, the PRL antiserum-treated group had a significantly (P less than 0.05) increased population of cells in the thymus and the spleen that were positive for Thy-1.2 and for L3T4. Increases in Thy-1.2- and L3T4-positive cells in the thymus were detectable also on days 8 and 14 in mice that received the PRL antiserum and in mice injected with bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist that inhibits PRL release from the anterior pituitary. On neonatal days 21, 28, and 32, there were no significant differences in the percentage of cells positive for Thy-1.2, Ly-2 (formerly Lyt-2), or L3T4 antigens in the thymus. However, there were significant increases in the percentage of Thy-1.2- and L3T4-positive spleen cells in the bromocriptine-treated group at all times monitored and in the PRL antiserum-treated group except on day 14. In addition, the percentage of splenocytes that were positive for IgG was significantly increased in the PRL antiserum-treatment group on days 8-28, although not on neonatal day 32. Of tissues known to contain PRL receptors, neonatal administration of PRL antiserum or bromocriptine resulted in a significant alteration in the wet weight of spleen and liver, with no significant effect in thymus, heart, and kidney. Pituitary implants also resulted in a significant increase in both concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated thymidine incorporation into murine splenic lymphocytes prepared from 45-day-old female mice. These data extend the role of PRL as an immunomodulator of adult lymphocyte function to a role in the developmental expression of T- and B-lymphocyte populations in the thymus and spleen of mice.
An efficient approximation-elimination algorithm for fast-nearest-neighbour search (1992)

In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for fast nearest-neighbour search in multidimensional space under a so called approximation-elimination framework. The algorithm is based on a new approximation procedure which selects codevectors for distance computation in the close proximity of the test vector and eliminates codevectors using the triangle inequality based elimination. The algorithm is studied in the context of vector quantization of speech and compared with related algorithms proposed earlier. It is shown to be more efficient in terms of reducing the main search complexity, overhead costs and storage.
The delft air gun experiment: I. results of the interaction method (1984)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984The delft air gun experiment: I. results of the interaction methodAuthors: A. ZiolkowskiJ. BroomW. EckhardtA. GorskiC. A. v.d. SchansA. ZiolkowskiDelft Univ. of Technology, Netherlands, J. BroomBritoil PLC, Scotland, W. EckhardtDelft Univ. of Technology, A. GorskiMerlin Profilers, England, and C. A. v.d. SchansDelft Univ. of Technology, Netherlandshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893960 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893960FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1984 Pages: 856 publication data© 1984 Copyright © 1984 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION A. Ziolkowski, J. Broom, W. Eckhardt, A. Gorski, and C. A. v.d. Schans, (1984), "The delft air gun experiment: I. results of the interaction method," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 270-272. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893960 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
High resolution GSO block detectors using PMT-quadrant-sharing design for small animal PET (2006)

GSO position-sensitive block detectors have been developed using the PMT-Quadrant -Sharing (PQS) technology for animal PET imaging. Two prototype block detectors with dimensions of 1.51 mm/spl times/1.51 mm/spl times/10 mm (12/spl times/12 array) and 1.66 mm/spl times/1.66 mm/spl times/10 mm (11/spl times/11 array) were built using 19 mm round PMTs. The Enhanced Specular Reflector mirror-film (98% reflectance, 0.065 mm thickness, 3M Co.) was used to control the light collection and distribution in the PQS design. The detector pitches are 1.59 (12/spl times/12) and 1.74 mm (11/spl times/11) and the crystal-packing fractions 95.0 and 95.4%, respectively. List-mode measurements with Cs-137 sources were carried out to investigate the crystal decoding and analyzed to extract the individual crystal spectra. All the crystals in both the detectors were clearly identified and well isolated. The light-collection efficiency is lowest in the central crystals and highest in the crystals of the four corners, with a ratio of 0.76 for the 11/spl times/11 array. The overall energy resolution of the 11/spl times/11 array is 13.5% (15.4% at 511 keV) with a standard deviation of 1.2%, which indicates that the individual energy resolutions of the detector are high and uniformly distributed. From this study, we achieved a high decodable crystals/PMT ratio of 144:1 for the 19 mm PQS GSO detector technology with crystals 10 mm deep. It is believed that these detectors would be useful for high resolution animal PET imaging.
All-fibre acousto-optic tunable filter based on a null coupler (1996)

Tunable acousto-optic spectral filters based on null couplers have been improved by making the coupler more uniform. A new double-pass arrangement further narrows the bandwidth, reduces the sidelobes to -20 dB and doubles the frequency shift
The rearrangement of isomeric linear decyn-1-ols by reaction with the sodium salt of 1,3-diaminopropane (1980)

Isomerization of straight chain decyn-1-ols mediated by the sodium salt of 1,3-diaminopropane was studied as a function of time, temperature, and the initial position of the triple bond. At 50 °C 9-decyn-1-ol, the thermodynamically favoured isomer, was formed rapidly regardless of the initial position of the triple bond. At lower temperatures the appearance of intermediate isomers was observed. The homopropargylic isomer was found to be remarkably stable, and under suitable conditions, conversion of 2- to 3-decyn-l-ol was carried out in 68% isolated yield.