gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical-Involved Photosynthesis of AuCN Oligomers from Au Nanoparticles and Acetonitrile (2012)

We show here the first radical route for the direct photosynthesis of AuCN oligomers with different sizes and shapes, as evidenced by TEM observations, from an Au nanoparticle/benzaldehyde/CH(3)CN ternary system in air under UV-light irradiation. This photochemical route is green, mild, and universal, which makes itself distinguishable from the common cyanidation process. Several elementary reaction steps, including the strong C-C bond dissociation of CH(3)CN and subsequent •CN radical addition to Au, have been suggested to be critical in the formation of AuCN oligomers based on the identification of •CN radical by in situ EPR and the radical trapping technique, and other reaction products by GC-MS and (1)H NMR, and DFT calculations. The resulting solid-state AuCN oligomers exhibit unique spectroscopic characters that may be a result of the shorter Au-Au distances (namely, aurophilicity) and/or special polymer-like structures as compared with gold cyanide derivatives in the aqueous phase. The nanosized AuCN oligomers supported on mesoporous silica showed relatively good catalytic activity on the homogeneous annulation of salicylaldehyde with phenylacetylene to afford isoflavanones employing PBu(3) as the cocatalyst under moderate conditions, which also serves as evidence for the successful production of AuCN oligomers.
A correction to 'efficient and secure comparison for on-line auctions' (2009)

In this paper, we describe a correction to the cryptosystem proposed in Damgard et al. from Int. J. Applied Cryptography, Vol. 1, No. 1. Although, the correction is small and does not affect the performance of the protocols from Damgard et al., it is necessary, as the cryptosystem is not secure without it.
Health survey among Japanese VDT workers for new guideline (2002)

This survey was held in 1997. One thousand sixty sites where asked to fill out a questionnaire. For each site, ten VDT workers where expected to respond to this survey. Responses were received from 414 sites (39% response rate). Altogether we received 4425 questionnaires, a 42% response rate. As results, in the young male group of workers, aged 20 to 39, long time workers in both periods (peak and standard) rated the highest amongst workers having a weak eye site (no glasses), less than 0.3 of visual acuity on both eyes. The complaint rate of eye fatigue rose according to the working hours. The complaint of neck and shoulder stiffness in male workers rose according to the peak season working hours. Mental stress symptoms such as insomnia, exhaustion or depressive mood rose according to the peak season working hours for male workers and according to standard working hours in the input type of female workers. From this survey we can conclude that in the importance of the peak season working hours should be stressed for health status of the workers.
Electrochemical analysis of quorum sensing inhibition (2009)

A one-step label-free electrochemical assay for quorum sensing inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented.
Investigations into the micro-ecology of oral malodour in man and companion animals (2009)

The loads and locations of bacterial types associated with oral malodour on the tongue surface and gingival crevice were investigated in man and the dog respectively. In the human study, samples were taken from 50 subjects with brushes at the dorsal anterior, dorsal middle, dorsal posterior, dorsal posterior to the circumvallate papillae (DPCP), lateral posterior and ventral posterior (VP) surfaces, and cultured appropriately. Malodour was assessed by trained judges. Mean volatile sulfur compound (VSC) producing bacterial counts (colony forming units/brush × 10(5)) were found to be highest (88.94) and lowest (0.33) at the DPCP and VP sites respectively. Anaerobic, gram-negative and VSC counts at DPCP surfaces increased with malodour intensity, whereas aerobic and S. salivarius counts decreased. The prevalence and populations of the VSC producing Porphyromonas and Prevotella species were determined in the dental plaque from 34 dogs. Porphyromonas gulae and Prevotella intermedia were present in 68% and 44% of dogs, and 47% and 23% of plaque samples respectively. P. gulae and Prev. intermedia counts increased with plaque quantity (P < 0.05) and gingivitis (P < 0.1). The close association observed between canine periodontal disease and measurements of oral malodour is supported.
Dynamic Regulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 Homo- and Heterodimers (2009)

Although homo- and heterodimerization are reported for some chemokine receptors, it remains unclear whether these functional states are in dynamic equilibrium and how receptor/ligand levels influence oligomerization. In human neutrophils and in cell lines that coexpress the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques to show that these two receptors form homo- and heterodimers. Receptor expression and ligand activation were found to regulate the balance between these complexes, adapting the response to changes in the milieu. CXCL8, a ligand for both receptors, alters heterodimeric complexes, whereas it stabilizes homodimers and promotes receptor internalization. Oligomerization of receptors, together with the regulation of their expression and desensitization, could thus contribute to the fine control of chemokine functions.
A Low-Voltage 77-GHz Automotive Radar Chipset (2007)

This paper presents the first complete 2.5V, 77GHz chipset for Doppler radar and imaging applications fabricated in 0.13μm SiGe HBT technology. The chipset includes a voltage-controlled oscillator with -101.6dBc/Hz phase noise at 1MHz offset, an 25dB gain low-noise amplifier, a novel low-voltage double-balanced Gilbert-cell mixer with two mm-wave baluns and IF amplifier achieving 12.8dB noise figure and an OP1dB of +5dBm, a 99GHz static frequency divider consuming a record low 75mW, and a power amplifier with 19dB gain, +14.4dBm saturated power, and 15.7% PAE. Monolithic spiral inductors and transformers result in the lowest reported 77GHz receiver core area of only 0.45mm
A Stereoselective Synthesis of Sugar‐Derived Chiral β‐Lactams (2011)

Abstract The importance of the β‐lactam substructure is exemplified by the several classes of β‐lactam antibiotics. Among the synthetic routes available to obtain this interesting scaffold, the Kinugasa reaction is a convergent strategy. In this article, the synthesis of a variety of chiral β‐lactams by the Kinugasa reaction between terminal alkynes and nitrones is described. These sugar‐derived β‐lactams were synthesized by the reaction between cyclic nitrones derived from different sugars, tartrate ester, and alkynes obtained from different sugars. The reaction gave moderate to good yields of β‐lactams with high diastereoselectivity, mainly producing a single product. The stereochemical preferences observed in these reactions are also explained.
Preparation of Ethynylbenzene Derivatives from Substituted Benzaldehydes (2019)

We have tested a number of synthetic methods for large-scale synthesis of targeted substituted aromatic alkyne (S)-[4-(3-chloro-5-ethynyl-4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-butyl]-carbamic acid benzyl ester (1). This research resulted in an improved method for the Corey–Fuchs approach to alkyne synthesis from aldehydes. Importantly, we have shown that the use of P(OCH3)3/CBr4 in toluene for the synthesis of the dibromo-methylene intermediate (S)-{4-[3-chloro-5-(2,2-dibromo-vinyl)-4-fluoro-phenyl]-1-methyl-butyl}-carbamic acid benzyl ester (5) allows the synthesis of alkyne 1 under conditions that may be amenable for scaling-up. Since this method was developed, multiple batches of alkyne 1, each approaching 100 g in size, have been prepared under process-friendly conditions, as well as multigram batches of other alkynes.
The Reaction Between Ozone and Saturated Compounds (1968)

Ozone oxidizes saturated hydrocarbons (Decalin and adamantane) and alcohols even at —78°C. Initial products from hydrocarbons are radical pairs, in which tertiary radicals are formed preferentially from hydrocarbons, and which collapse to alcohols and oxygen with high retention of configuration. Methanol and ethanol are attacked, initially giving radical pairs or ion pairs which yield first α-hydroxyhydrotrioxides, then formic or acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Propan-2-ol similarly gives α-hydroxyisopropyl hydrotrioxide, whose breakdown at higher temperatures is affected by trace substituents, and can give either acetone, oxygen, and water, or acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Side reactions lead via acetone enol and its ozonide to peracetic acid, formaldehyde, acetone, and hydrogen peroxide, and by a less well understood route to acetic acid and methanol.
Thiocarboxylic Esters and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiocarboxylic Esters and Related Compounds1GEORGE BRAUDEGEORGE BRAUDEMore by GEORGE BRAUDECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 12, 1675–1678Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01363a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01363a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE QUEST FOR EXCELLENCE NEVER ENDS. (2000)

SUBTITLE: ALTHOUGH SOME MAY SEE RECOGNITION OF EXCELLENCE AS AN ULTIMATE GOAL, THE QUEST NEVER REALLY ENDS WITH THE RECEIPT OF AN AWARD. FOR THESE RECIPIENTS OF T&D'S EXCELLENCE IN LOGISTICS AWARDS, THE PROCESS OF IMPROVEMENT CONTINUES.
269. Polyterpenoid compounds. Part I. Betulic acid from Cornus florida, L. (1939)

A. Robertson, G. Soliman and E. C. Owen, J. Chem. Soc., 1939, 1267 DOI: 10.1039/JR9390001267
Inhibition of In Vitro Growth of Coliform Bacteria by a Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against Ferric Enterobactin Receptor FepA (1998)

The ability of a murine monoclonal antibody that blocks the enterobactin ligand-binding site of the ferric enterobactin receptor FepA to inhibit the growth of coliform bacteria derived from a bovine intramammary infection (IMI) was determined in an iron-restricted medium. Bacterial isolates from bovine IMI in five herds were tested by the chrome azurol sulfonate assay to detect siderophore production. Each of the isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 25) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 25) were positive for siderophore production. Each isolate expressed iron-regulated outer membrane proteins when grown in trypticase soy broth plus the iron chelator alpha-alpha'-dipyridyl. Immunoblots revealed that the monoclonal antibody recognized FepA that was expressed by each of the E. coli isolates (n = 25). Only 4 of 25 K. pneumoniae isolates produced FepA that reacted with the monoclonal antibody. This result coincided with the results of an in vitro growth assay. Growth of all E. coli isolates was significantly inhibited by the addition of monoclonal antibody to synthetic medium containing apolactoferrin. Antigenic variation in the enterobactin-binding site resulted in a low percentage of K. pneumoniae isolates that were inhibited by the monoclonal antibody. Inhibition of bacterial growth by the monoclonal antibody was dose-dependent. As little as 50 micrograms/ml of purified antibody had an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in the synthetic iron-restricted medium. Monoclonal antibody specific for the enterobactin ligand-binding site of FepA inhibited the growth of E. coli that was isolated from bovine IMI.
Activation‐induced T cell death occurs at G1A phase of the cell cycle (2000)

Peripheral negative selection of cycling T cells after TCR engagement and deletion of activated T cells after an immune response occur by an apoptotic process termed activation-induced cell death (AICD). The cross-linking of TCR-CD3 complex with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody led to significant apoptotic cell death in peripheral blood T cells. To further define cell cycle restriction points for triggering AICD in T cells, we evaluated the association between cell cycle progression and death signal transduction. Simultaneous DNA / RNA quantification analysis revealed that T cells entering G1A phase of the cell cycle may acquire sensitivity to AICD. The activation of caspase-3 was induced when T cells entered G1A phase. Up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk4 and Cdk6) and cyclin D3 was initiated in TCR-stimulated T cells entering G1A phase and expression of these markers steadily increased as T cells progressed from G1A into G1B phase. Interestingly, caspase-3 inhibitors could inhibit the up-regulation of these G1 cell cycle regulators and induce G0 / G1A arrest as well as the inhibition of AICD. On the basis of these results, AICD signals are most likely transduced into TCR-stimulated T cells entering G1A phase. T cells that fail to progress from G1A into G1B phase undergo AICD.
Effect of repeated injection and continuous infusion of omeprazole and ranitidine on intragastric pH over 72 hours (1999)

Objective: In healthy subjects and patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, ranitidine and omeprazole, given parenterally, achieve high intragastric pH values on the first day of therapy. However, data on the antisecretory effect beyond the first 24 h is scanty. In addition, the superiority of either infusion or injection of omeprazole remains unproven. Thus, we have compared the antisecretory effect of high dose omeprazole and ranitidine infusion and injection over the critical first 72 h. Methods: A total of 34 healthy volunteers were randomized into a double-blind crossover 72 h intragastric pH-metry study (data compared: median pH, percentage of time with pH >4 and pH >6). Omeprazole-infusion: initial bolus of 80 mg + 8 mg/h; omeprazole-injection: initial bolus of 80 mg + 40 mg/6 h; Ranitidine-infusion: initial bolus of 50 mg + 0.25 mg/kg/h; ranitidine-injection: 100 mg/6 h. Results: Omeprazole-infusion versus ranitidine-infusion: on day 1: median pH 6.1 vs 5.1 (p = 0.01) and 95% vs 70% was pH >4 (p < 0.01); on day 2: median pH 6.2 vs 3.2 (p < 0.01); and 100% vs 38% was pH >4 (p < 0.01); on day 3: median pH 6.3 vs 2.7 (p < 0.01); 100% vs 26% was pH >4 (p < 0.01). Injections of both drugs were significantly less effective than the infusions on day 1. Thereafter, omeprazole injection was almost as effective as omeprazole infusion, whereas ranitidine injection and infusion were equally effective. Conclusion: Our study shows, for the first time, that omeprazole infusion was significantly superior to all other regimens by having a high median pH >6 on each day. The tolerance effect of ranitidine, however, led to a rapid loss of antisecretory activity on days 2 and 3, rendering it inappropriate for situations in which high intragastric pH-levels appear to be essential.
Individualismo y violencia. (2010)

Actualmente "la voluntad para hacer la paz" expresada por algunos actores y grupos en conflicto, ha generado la búsqueda denodada y el trabajo de muchas personas, aunque no pocas veces el escepticismo de otras. Esta voluntad se ha constituido para muchos estudiosos de las ciencias sociales y humanas en el espacio de investigación de los determinantes del fenómeno de la violencia y de las posibles alternativas de solución de éste. Permítanme estar entre los escépticos no sin antes exponerles una razón mínima. Como objetivo primero, la propuesta es investigar las transformaciones psíquicas que llevaron a dichos sujetos a colocar su voluntad de paz en el escenario público; aunque este objetivo no se desarrollará aquí, estará como telón de fondo a lo largo del presente texto. Aquí nos ocuparemos de manera particular de inquirir la forma como se ha concebido e intervenido el fenómeno de la violencia, los sujetos que la promueven y por ende las maneras como en nuestro tiempo se abordan dichas manifestaciones a través de múltiples perspectivas teóricas y estrategias institucionales, entre las cuales se recurre al uso de la palabra, del diálogo entre las partes y otros mecanismos. Se trata entonces de maneras muy singulares de ocuparse del fenómeno, las cuales propician a su vez el auge del individualismo, dado que en ellas se obvia la revisión de las consecuencias y las implicaciones de esas formas de intervención.
Contribution of individual PKC isoforms to breast cancer progression (2011)

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases has been intensively studied in cancer since their discovery as major receptors for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters. The contribution of each individual PKC isozyme to malignant transformation is only partially understood, but it is clear that each PKC plays different role in cancer progression. PKC deregulation is a common phenomenon observed in breast cancer, and PKC expression and localization are usually dynamically regulated during mammary gland differentiation and involution. In fact, the overexpression of several PKCs has been reported in malignant human breast tissue and breast cancer cell lines. In this review, we summarize the knowledge available on the specific roles of PKC isoforms in the development, progression, and metastatic dissemination of mammary cancer. We also discuss the role of PKC isoforms as therapeutic targets, and their potential as markers for prognosis or treatment response.
miR-182 integrates apoptosis, growth, and differentiation programs in glioblastoma (2015)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal, therapy-resistant brain cancer consisting of numerous tumor cell subpopulations, including stem-like glioma-initiating cells (GICs), which contribute to tumor recurrence following initial response to therapy. Here, we identified miR-182 as a regulator of apoptosis, growth, and differentiation programs whose expression level is correlated with GBM patient survival. Repression of Bcl2-like12 (Bcl2L12), c-Met, and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2A) is of central importance to miR-182 anti-tumor activity, as it results in enhanced therapy susceptibility, decreased GIC sphere size, expansion, and stemness in vitro. To evaluate the tumor-suppressive function of miR-182 in vivo, we synthesized miR-182-based spherical nucleic acids (182-SNAs); i.e., gold nanoparticles covalently functionalized with mature miR-182 duplexes. Intravenously administered 182-SNAs penetrated the blood-brain/blood-tumor barriers (BBB/BTB) in orthotopic GBM xenografts and selectively disseminated throughout extravascular glioma parenchyma, causing reduced tumor burden and increased animal survival. Our results indicate that harnessing the anti-tumor activities of miR-182 via safe and robust delivery of 182-SNAs represents a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention in GBM.
Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells and murine osteoblasts induced by insulin-like growth factor I. (1996)

Formation of new capillaries, a critical component of tissue growth and repair, is a recognized process in the development, formation, and remodeling of bone. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor with specific mitogenic actions on endothelial cells, is produced in a regulated manner by many cell types, including osteoblasts. The aim of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a known osteogenic factor, modulates VEGF expression in osteoblasts. In human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells, 10 nM IGF-I increased the abundance of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) by 4-fold above the control value at 2h, and the elevated levels of mRNA returned to near basal by 8 h. IGF-I stimulated VEGF mRNA levels at IGF-I concentrations as low as 1-2 nM. The stability of VEGF mRNA was not increased after IGF-I treatment, and actinomycin D abrogated the enhanced expression of VEGF mRNA by IGF-I, indicating that the action of IGF-I was probably mediated by a transcriptional mechanism. The induction of VEGF mRNA by IGF-I in SaOS-2 cells was associated with an increase in immunoreactive VEGF protein, as detected by immunoblot analysis. IGF-I also increased the expression of VEGF mRNA in primary murine osteoblasts, which confirmed that the actions of IGF-I were not unique to SaOS-2 cells. We conclude that IGF-I enhances osteoblast synthesis of VEGF, which may then act locally on endothelium to stimulate angiogenesis, an essential component of bone growth and remodeling.
Enhanced cooling in a sealed cabinet using an evaporating-condensing dielectric mist (2008)

Many factors, such as acoustic noise limits and fan reliability considerations, limit the heat dissipation capacity of air-cooled cabinets housing telecommunications or computing hardware. The present work examines the potential of enhanced cooling in a sealed telecommunications cabinet using an evaporating- condensing dielectric mist introduced upstream of heat sinks attached to high-power components in a circuit pack, or at the inlet to the circuit packs. The conceptualized system is of a two-component (air and dielectric fluid) and two-phase nature, wherein droplets of mist are dispersed within the air circulating through a sealed cabinet. The evaporated mist is condensed at the outlet of the circuit packs in a cabinet and recycled back to their inlets. First-order models of the mist flow through a heat sink are developed to estimate its influence on flow and heat transfer. The optimum droplet diameter and the optimum mist concentration are obtained from these models for representative conditions. Moreover, the models are used to obtain a first-order estimate of the heat dissipation capacity and the pressure drop required for sustaining the mist flow. The results show that the proposed mist cooling approach offers significant promise for providing high-flux heat removal solutions for sealed cabinets in telecommunications central offices and data centers.
Fiber bandwidth-spectrum studies (1979)

This paper presents some thoughts on how to improve the bandwidth spectrum of multimode optical fibers. We consider the signal bandwidth of germanium- and phosphorus-doped fibers with ideal power law refractive index profiles and investigate how the bandwidth as a function of wavelength (bandwidth spectrum) is changed as the ideal index profile is distorted. We also study what happens if two fibers with different undistorted power law profiles are used in cascade. Examples are also given of bandwidth calculations of fibers made with a mixture of germanium and phosphorus dopants. It is shown that such fibers are capable of realizing a bandwidth which exceeds 5 GHz.km over a wavelength range from 0.8 microm to 1.45 microm. Finally, bandwidth vs wavelength curves are computed for several real fibers whose refractive index profiles were measured.