gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-range OTDR for single-mode optical fibre using a P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> highly doped fibre Raman laser (1986)

A wide-dynamic-range single-mode optical time-domain reflectometer using a P2O5 highly doped fibre Raman laser and a cooled Ge-PIN photodiode has been realised for the first time. The maximum detectable one-way loss was improved to 35dB in the 1.5 μm wavelength band.
Mobile network management and robust spatial retreats via network dynamics (2005)

The mobility provided by mobile ad hoc and sensor networks will facilitate new mobility-oriented services. Recent work has demonstrated that, for many issues, mobility is advantageous to network operations. This paper proposes that the need for mobility may be captured by formulating the movement of nodes as a classical dynamical system. Motivated by classical mechanics, we propose the notion of network dynamics, where the position and movement of mobile devices evolve according to forces arising from system potential functions that capture the operational goals of the network. We argue that, in the context of moving communicating nodes, the equations of motion should be formulated as a steepest descent minimization of the system potential energy. Further, since global information is not practical in sensor networks, we introduce distributed algorithms that yield more practical implementations of network dynamics. The resulting algorithms are generic, and may be applied to produce balanced network configurations for different initial network deployments. As a second application of network dynamics, we examine the problem of adapting a mobile sensor network to the threat of a jammer. We show that the combination of spatial escape strategies with network dynamics prevents network partitioning that might arise from a mobile jammer
Ordered phosphorylation of p42<sup>mapk</sup> by MAP kinase kinase (1992)

Preparation of milligram amounts of [32P]p42mapk, phosphorylated at Tyr185 or diphosphorylated at Tyr185/Thr183, for use as specific protein phosphatase substrates is described. Tyr- but not Thr-phosphorylated p42mapk, accumulates when ATP is limiting. Furthermore, Tyr185-phosphorylated p42mapk exhibits an apparent 10-fold decrease in apparent Km (46.6 +/- 6.6 nM) for MAP kinase kinase compared to that for the dephospho form (approximately 476 nM). We conclude that Tyr185 precedes Thr183 phosphorylation, and that this is prerequisite, dramatically increasing the affinity of p42mapk for MAP kinase kinase.
6.25전쟁시 연구와 분단문학 극복 (2010)

6.25전쟁시를 연구하면서 만나는 대표적 문제 네 가지를 중심으로 6.25전쟁시 연구와 분단문학 극복이 이루는 관계를 점검해보았다. 첫째 전쟁시 작품의 실증적 확인 문제와 관련하여 상당한 분량의 6.25전쟁기 작품을 파악할 수 있었다. 한 시집에 다양한 성격의 작품이 포함된 경우가 대부분이므로 전쟁시 여부는 시집 단위 보다는 작품 단위로 판단해야 한다....
Introduction to Special issue of SSR: Components of Effective Reading Instruction (1997)

(1997). Introduction to Special issue of SSR: Components of Effective Reading Instruction. Scientific Studies of Reading: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 187-189.
Tetracycline in the treatment of periodontal disease: review of current literature. (1982)

For many years, tetracycline has been prescribed in the treatment of periodontal disease with little research data supporting such use. Current data suggest that most patients with periodontal disease are best treated by conventional techniques of subgingival debridement.
Probability-based adaptive forwarding strategy in named data networking (2013)

Abstract—Forwarding strategy is an important research problem in named data networking (NDN). A probability-based adaptive forwarding (PAF) strategy is introduced in this paper. Ant colony optimization is customized to a dynamic NDN environment to compute the selection probabilities. In addition, we use a statistical model in PAF to compute timeout for the retransmission mechanism at the NDN layer. PAF also provides network operators a number of parameters to tune for different network scenarios. Simulation results show PAF can achieve load balance and is adaptive to network condition changes. I.
Homopolar generator powered high field magnet experiment for the ignitex fusion device (2005)

The design of a scaled down prototype of the IGNITEX (Texas Ignition Experiment) toroidal field (TF) magnet is discussed. The IGNITEX concept is a single-turn tokamak designed to produce and control an ignited plasma with ohmic heating alone[1,2]. The objective of the IGNITEX Technology Demonstrator (ITD) is to design, fabricate and test the operation of a single turn, 20 tesla, toroidal field coil powered by a homopolar generator (HPG) power supply. An existing 60 MJ, 9MA homopolar power supply located at the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin (CEM-UT) will be used to drive the experiment[3]. Test results from the ITD program will validate the technology required to generate a 20 tesla, toroidal magnetic field in the necessary geometry to produce fusion by ohmic heating alone.
A knee model for arthrocentesis simulation. (2003)

The knee model is an acceptable teaching model for arthrocentesis simulation with affordable cost.
Temperature programming in liquid chromatography (2001)

The present state of temperature programming in liquid chromatography, including electrochromatography, is reviewed. A relatively limited number of papers making use of temperature programming as a technique in LC has been published so far, while the various effects of temperature are frequently discussed. As a part of the ongoing trend of miniaturization in chromatography, the active use of temperature as a variable in LC is expected to increase significantly. This paper includes an overview of the effects of temperature on column efficiency, retention, and selectivity, particularly in relation to narrow-bore columns, instrumental features, and some selected applications.
Authenticating Electronic Cash Transactions (1997)

Within the past decade, the nature of the Internet has changed from an academic and research-orientated communication medium to a booming business infrastructure. Along with the flourish of commercial World Wide Web sites has come an intensified interest in a new form of money which can be electronically exchanged over the Internet. Given the history of money, with its evolution from barter to proxies to paper notes, cheques and automated transfers, the innovation of electronic money was perhaps inevitable, although its widespread acceptance is uncertain.
Altered hepatic transport of immunoglobulin A in mice lacking the J chain. (1995)

We have created J chain knockout mice to define the physiologic role of the J chain in immunoglobulin synthesis and transport. The J chain is covalently associated with pentameric immunoglobulin (Ig) M and dimeric IgA and is also expressed in most IgG-secreting cells. J chain-deficient mice have normal serum IgM and IgG levels but markedly elevated serum IgA. Although polymeric IgA was present in the mutant mice, a larger proportion of their serum IgA was monomeric than was found in wild-type mouse serum. Bile and fecal IgA levels were decreased in J chain-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting inefficient transport of J chain-deficient IgA by hepatic polymeric immunoglobulin receptors (pIgR). The pIgR-mediated transport of serum-derived IgA from wild-type and mutant mice was assessed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfected with the pIgR. These studies revealed selective transport by pIgR-expressing MDCK cells of wild-type IgA but not J chain-deficient IgA. We conclude that although the J chain is not required for IgA dimerization, it does affect the efficiency of polymerization or have a role in maintaining IgA dimer stability. Furthermore, the J chain is essential for efficient hepatic pIgR transport of IgA.
In Vivo Tissue Response and Degradation Behavior of PLLA and Stereocomplexed PLA Nanofibers (2008)

Biocompatibility of PLLA and stereocomplexed PLA nanofibers was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation in rats for 4-12 weeks. Characterization of the nanofibers was performed by GPC, SEM, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy of hematoxylin-eosin stained ultrathin sections of explanted nanofibers. Stereocomplexed PLA nanofiber showed slower degradation than PLLA nanofiber and thus retained their shape after prolonged implantation. Furthermore, stereocomplexed PLA nanofiber caused milder inflammatory reaction than PLLA nanofiber. These results offer the potential use of PLLA and stereocomplexed PLA nanofibers as a biomaterial for short-term and long-term tissue regeneration, respectively. Stereocomplexed PLA nanofiber after in vitro degradation showed smaller degree of swelling than PLLA nanofiber. Taking the results of in vivo degradation together with in vitro degradation into consideration, bioabsorption mechanism of the in vivo degradation of the nanofibers is proposed.
특집논문 : 구조방정식모형의 문제점과 해결 방안 ; 구조방정식모형의 통계적 쟁점 (2016)

구조방정식모형은 계량 데이터를 다루는 사회과학 분야에서 널리 쓰이고 있다. 이 모형은 잠재변수를 포함하고 변수들 간의 관계를 명시적인 인과관계로 설명할 수 있어 적용될 수 있는 범위가 매우 넓다. 또한 연구자가 공분산 데이터 행렬만으로 손쉽게 분석할 수 있기 때문에 구조방정식모형의 활용은 점점 늘어나는 추세이다. 그러나 적은 자유도를 갖는 데이터로 넓은 적용범위에서 많은 결과물을 산출하기 때문에, 그 이면에는 많은 모형가정과 확률적 의사결정 과정, 그리고 결과의 해석에 대한 난점들이 숨어있다. 본 논문에서는 구조방정식모형의 통계적 쟁점을 데이터 생성, 변수의 척도, 인과관계, 잠재변수 식별, 모형 식별 및 모수 추정, 모형 적합 및 검정의6가지로 나누어 논의하였다. 주로 통계적인 관점에서 구조방정식모형의 구조 및 기본 개념에 초점을 맞춘 쟁점들이다.
Therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (2009)

'Translation' of recent discoveries into disease-modifying therapies has not yet been accomplished. The future will show whether the current drug discovery and development 'pipelines' of pharmaceutical companies yield efficacious new medicines for AD.
Avelumab (MSB0010718C), an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with previously treated, recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer: A phase Ib, open-label expansion trial. (2015)

5509 Background: The programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are key therapeutic targets in the reactivation of the immune response against multiple cancers. Avelumab (proposed INN) (MSB0010718C) is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 antibody currently being investigated in clinical trials. Here we present results from a cohort of patients (pts) with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer in an ongoing phase Ib study (NCT01772004). Methods: Pts with ECOG PS 0-1 received avelumab at 10 mg/kg Q2W. Best overall response (BOR) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed according to RECIST 1.1. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated by CTCAE v4.0. A prespecified analysis of 23 pts with follow-up of ≥ 2 months showed confirmed and unconfirmed partial responses (PRs), leading to cohort expansion to 75 pts. Results: Seventy-five pts were enrolled from November 2013 to November 2014 (median age 62 [range 38-84]; ECOG PS 0 [41%] or 1 [59%]; median of four prior lines of therapy). As of January 2015, median duration of treatment with avelumab was 10 weeks (range 2-54 weeks), and 27 pts remained on treatment. Efficacy data from the 23 pts followed-up for ≥ 2 months (range 2–8 months) demonstrated 4 pts (17.4%, [95% CI, 5.0%, 38.8%]) achieved an unconfirmed BOR of PR,11 (47.8%) had stable disease, and 2 pts had >30% tumor shrinkage after progression was reported. Median PFS was 11.9 weeks (95% CI, 5.9, not reached), and the PFS rate at 24 weeks was 33.3% (95% CI, 11.5, 57.2). Drug-related treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs; all grades) were reported in 18 pts (78.3%), and 2 pts (8.7%) experienced grade ≥ 3 drug-related TEAEs (increased lipase [1] and elevated creatine kinase and autoimmune myositis that led to discontinuation [1]). No drug-related serious TEAEs occurred. The most commonly reported drug-related TEAEs (> 10%) were fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. Conclusions: These data represent the largest reported dataset of pts with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with anti-PD-L1 therapy. Avelumab demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and is clinically active in this heavily pretreated ovarian cancer pt population. Clinical trial information: NCT01772004.
Poly(propylacrylic acid)-mediated serum stabilization of cationic lipoplexes (2005)

The serum instability associated with cationic lipoplexes represents one of the major obstacles for the in vivo delivery of nonviral gene therapy vectors. Recently, we have shown that poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAA), a pH-sensitive polyanionic polymer, can significantly improve the in vitro serum stability of DOTAP lipoplexes and enhance transfection (Cheung et al., Bioconjug. Chem. 12, 906 (2001)). We investigated this serum-stabilizing effect provided by PPAA using methods to identify the specific serum proteins that interact with DOTAP/DNA and DOTAP/DNA/PPAA lipoplexes and determined their modes of interaction with these lipoplexes. Studies showed that only low-density lipoprotein (LDL) caused significant decondensation of DNA from lipoplexes lacking PPAA, but that fully condensed DNA was retained within lipoplexes incorporating PPAA. Another major factor in the loss of transfection activity was due to the reduced cellular uptake of DOTAP lipoplexes upon exposure to serum, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) acting as major contributors to this reduction in vector internalization. In contrast, lipoplexes containing PPAA maintained high levels of uptake into cells in the presence of these proteins. Transfection results generally concurred with the mechanistic studies, suggesting that maintaining effective cellular delivery of intact lipoplexes in the presence of serum proteins is important to retain high transfection efficiencies. These results indicate that the addition of PPAA as a ternary component in DOTAP lipoplexes can overcome some of the serum-related deficiencies encountered with these lipoplexes to provide efficient transfection.
Enzymes in diagnostics: achievements and possibilities of recombinant DNA technology (1994)

We discuss, from an industrial point of view, the scope and possibilities of recombinant DNA technology for "diagnostic enzyme" production and application. We describe the construction of enzyme-overproducing strains and show how to simplify downstream processing, increase product quality and process profitability, improve diagnostic enzyme properties, and adjust enzymes to harsh assay conditions. We also consider some safety and environmental aspects of enzyme production. Other aspects of diagnostic enzymes that we cover are the facilitation of enzyme purification by attachment of short amino acid tails, the introduction of tails or tags for site-specific conjugation or oriented immobilization, the construction of bi- or multifunctional enzymes, and the production of enzyme-based diagnostic tests as demonstrated by the homogeneous immunoassay system of CEDIA tests. We use as examples of diagnostic enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), pyruvate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.3), creatinase (EC 3.5.3.3), and beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23).
Subpicosecond pulses from passively mode-locked GaAs buried optical guide semiconductor lasers (1981)

We report the observation of bursts of transform-limited 0.65-psec pulses at 1-GHz repetition rates by passive mode locking of a buried optical guide laser in an external cavity. The lasers contain a saturable absorber at the exit facet, specifically introduced by 600-keV proton bombardment at a 3×1015- cm−2 dosage level.
Partial hepatectomy in mice (2015)

The surgical procedure of two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) in rodents was first described more than 80 years ago by Higgins and Anderson. Nevertheless, this technique is still a state-of-the-art method for the community of liver researchers as it allows the in-depth analysis of signalling pathways involved in liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis. The importance of PH as a key method in experimental hepatology has even increased in the last decade due to the increasing availability of genetically-modified mouse strains. Here, we propose a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the implementation of PH in mice, which is based on our experience of more than 10 years. In particular, the SOP offers all relevant background information on the PH model and provides comprehensive guidelines for planning and performing PH experiments. We provide established recommendations regarding optimal age and gender of animals, use of appropriate anaesthesia and biometric calculation of the experiments. We finally present an easy-to-follow step-by-step description of the complete surgical procedure including required materials, critical steps and postoperative management. This SOP especially takes into account the latest changes in animal welfare rules in the European Union but is still in agreement with current international regulations. In summary, this article provides comprehensive information for the legal application, design and implementation of PH experiments.
A new nonisolated three-port DC-DC converter with high step-up/down ratio (2012)

A new nonisolated three-port dc-dc converter integrating PV and battery power is proposed in this paper. The topology includes two coupled inductors and two active-clamp circuits. The coupled inductors are used to achieve high step up/down gain and to reduce the voltage stress on both primary and auxiliary switches. Two sets of active-clamp circuits in the proposed converter are used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductors. Therefore, the system efficiency can be improved. Charging/discharging transition of the battery is autonomous while tracking the maximum power of PV source and regulating the output voltage simultaneously. When the charging voltage is too high, the control loop of PV port will be switched from maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to battery voltage regulation. Experimental results of a 200W laboratory prototype are presented to verify the performance of the proposed three-port converter.
A domain decomposition method for solving electrically large electromagnetic problems (2007)

This dissertation presents a domain decomposition method as an effective and efficient preconditioner for frequency domain FEM solution of geometrically complex and electrically large electromagnetic problems.The method reduces memory requirements by decomposing the original problem domain into several non-overlapping and possibly repeatable sub-domains.At the heart of this research are the Robin-to-Robin map, the "cement" finite element coupling of non-conforming grids and the concept of duality paring.The Robin's transmission condition is employed on interfaces between adjacent sub-domains to enforce continuity of electromagnetic fields and to ensure the sub-domain problems are well-posed.Through the introduction of cement variables, the meshes at the interface could be non-conformal which significantly relaxes the meshing procedures.By following the spirit of duality paring a symmetric system is obtained to better reflect physical nature of the problem.These concepts in conjunction with the socalled finite element tearing and interconnecting algorithm form the basic modules of the present domain decomposition method.To enhance the convergence of DDM solver, the Krylov solvers instead of classical stationary solvers are employed and studied.In order to account the radiation condition exactly thus eliminating spurious reflection, a boundary element formulation is hybridized with the present DD method, also through the aforementioned novel concepts.One of the special cases of present iii hybridization is the well known hybrid finite element and boundary element method.It will be shown that the proposed hybrid offers simultaneously: (1) symmetry, (2) modularity, (3) non-conformity between FEM and BEM domains, (4) free of internal resonance, and (5) natural and effective preconditioning scheme that guarantees spectral radius less or equal to one.Lastly this dissertation presents a DDM solution scheme for analyzing electromagnetic problems involving multiple separable scatterers.The method first decomposes the original problem into several disjoint sub-regions.In each sub-region, the domain decomposition method is further applied rendering geometrically complicated and electrically large sub-region problems tractable.The sub-regions communicate through the near-field Green's function.To overcome the vast computational costs required in exchanging information between electrically large sub-regions, the adaptive cross approximation algorithm is adopted to expedite the process.
Design methodology for memory-efficient multi-standard baseband processors (2005)

Efficient programmable baseband processors are important in order to enable true multi-standard radio platforms and software defined radio systems. In programmable processors, the memory sub-system accounts for a large part of both the area and power consumption. This paper presents a methodology for designing memory efficient multi-standard baseband processors. The methodology yields baseband processor micro-architectures, which eliminate excessive data moves between memories while still allowing true flexibility by utilizing SIMD clusters connected to memory banks via an internal network. The methodology has successfully been used to create a multi-standard baseband processor for OFDM-based wireless standards. This paper discusses the IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX), DVB-H (digital video broadcast - handheld) and DAB (digital audio broadcast) standards. The architecture is truly scalable to accommodate future OFDM systems. Scheduling and resource allocation show that with the proposed memory structure and architecture, the processor can manage the baseband functions of the described standards operating at 80 MHz and using only 28k words of memory
Detecting Trihalomethanes Using Nanoporous-Carbon Coated Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors (2015)

We study nanoporous-carbon (NPC) grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as a sorbent coating on 96.5-MHz surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) devices to detect trihalomethanes (THMs), regulated byproducts from the chemical treatment of drinking water. Using both insertion-loss and isothermal-response measurements from known quantities of chloroform, the highest vapor pressure THM, we optimize the NPC mass-density at 1.05 ± 0.08 g/cm3 by controlling the background argon pressure during PLD. Precise THM quantities in a chlorobenzene solvent are directly injected into a separation column and detected as the phase-angle shift of the SAW device output compared to the drive signal. Using optimized NPC-coated SAWs, we study the chloroform response as a function of operating temperatures ranging from 10–50°C. Finally, we demonstrate individual responses from complex mixtures of all four THMs, with masses ranging from 10–2000 ng, after gas chromatography separation. As a result, estimates for each THM detection limit using a simple peak-height response evaluation are 4.4 ng for chloroform and 1 ng for bromoform; using an integrated-peak area response analysis improves the detection limits to 0.73 ng for chloroform and 0.003 ng bromoform.