gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Variability of Atmospheric Deuterium Brightness at Mars: Evidence for Seasonal Dependence (2017)

Abstract The enhanced ratio of deuterium to hydrogen on Mars has been widely interpreted as indicating the loss of a large column of water into space, and the hydrogen content of the upper atmosphere is now known to be highly variable. The variation in the properties of both deuterium and hydrogen in the upper atmosphere of Mars is indicative of the dynamical processes that produce these species and propagate them to altitudes where they can escape the planet. Understanding the seasonal variability of D is key to understanding the variability of the escape rate of water from Mars. Data from a 15 month observing campaign, made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph high‐resolution echelle channel, are used to determine the brightness of deuterium as observed at the limb of Mars. The D emission is highly variable, with a peak in brightness just after southern summer solstice. The trends of D brightness are examined against extrinsic as well as intrinsic sources. It is found that the fluctuations in deuterium brightness in the upper atmosphere of Mars (up to 400 km), corrected for periodic solar variations, vary on timescales that are similar to those of water vapor fluctuations lower in the atmosphere (20–80 km). The observed variability in deuterium may be attributed to seasonal factors such as regional dust storm activity and subsequent circulation lower in the atmosphere.
Effects of Nebulization Time and Pressure on Lipid Microtubule Suspension and Aerosol (1999)

Lipid microtubules have been suggested as possible drug delivery vehicles in aerosol therapy applications. In our previous work it was shown that tubules of respirable size were aerosolizable from a standard Collison-type air-jet nebulizer. In this work, the effects of nebulization time and pressure on lipid tubules of 1, 2-bis(10, 12-tricosadiynoyl)- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8 , 9PC) are examined. Tubules were formed in a 55 percent ethanol:water solution, centrifuged and washed to remove the alcohol, aerosolized at 10, 20, or 30 psi pressure for 60 min using a 3-jet Collison air jet nebulizer, and sampled into an API Aerosizer time-of-flight analyzer at 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min nebulization time. Aliquots of tubule suspension were withdrawn from the nebulizer reservoir at the same intervals for length distribution evaluation by light microscopy. Aerosol was also sampled over the 60-min period using a Stober spiral duct centrifuge and the deposited particles optically sized and counted to provide a time-averaged estimate of aerosol size distribution. The lipid particles were straight tubular structures of helically wound bilayer membranes, with 0.6 mu m diameter and log-normal length distribution. During nebulization the tubules underwent significant breakage; suspension tubule lengths decreased in a predictable manner with both increasing nebulization pressure and increasing number of passes through the nozzle. Aerosol aerodynamic size distributions measured with the timeof-flight analyzer were essentially identical for all nebulization pressures and times, and were indistinguishable from the time-averaged size distributions determined from aerosol centrifuge particle deposition data. Comparison of observed aerosol size distribution with expected distribution for an ideal air-jet nebulizer suggested that the Collison nebulizer preferentially aerosolized shorter tubules, consistent with known air-jet nebulizer operation. These results demonstrate that while lipid tubules undergo substantial resizing during nebulization, the resulting aerosol size distribution is stable and of respirable size for at least 60 min nebulization time.
Wave scattering properties of multiple weakly coupled complex systems (2020)

The statistics of the scattering of waves inside single ray-chaotic enclosures have been successfully described by the random coupling model (RCM). We expand the RCM to systems consisting of multiple complex ray-chaotic enclosures with various coupling scenarios. The statistical properties of the model-generated quantities are tested against measured data of electrically large multicavity systems of various designs. The statistics of model-generated transimpedance and induced voltages on a load impedance agree well with the experimental results. The RCM coupled chaotic enclosure model is general and can be applied to other physical systems, including coupled quantum dots, disordered nanowires, and short-wavelength electromagnetic and acoustic propagation through rooms in buildings, aircraft, and ships.
Remote Imaging of Proppants in Hydraulic Fracture Networks Using Electromagnetic Methods: Results of Small-Scale Field Experiments (2016)

Abstract The goal of this project is to develop techniques for monitoring hydraulic fractures in reservoirs by injecting electrically conductive, dielectric, or magnetically permeable proppants. The contrasts between the properties of the proppants and the subsurface provided the basis for imaging using geophysical methods. The initial experiments focused on a series of small, shallow fractures; however, the goal of the project is to develop methods applicable to oil-field fractures. The project began by screening different proppant types using laboratory and numerical analyses that have been ongoing by researchers at the Advanced Energy Consortium (AEC). This work identified Loresco coke breeze and steel shot as materials that could create significant electrical or magnetic contrasts with most geological formations. These proppants were tested by creating hydraulic fractures in a shallow field setting consisting of highly weathered residual saprolite near Clemson University in western South Carolina. Six hydraulic fractures were created in highly monitored cells by injecting the contrasting proppants at a depth of approximately 1.5 m. This created sub-horizontal fractures filled with proppant approximately 10 mm thick and extending 3 to 5 m in maximum dimension. Each cell had a dense array of electrodes and magnetic sensors on the surface, as well as four shallow vertical electrode arrays that were used to obtain data before and after hydraulic fracturing. Net vertical displacement, cores and trenching were used to characterize the fracture geometries. Hydraulic fracture geometries were estimated by inverting pre- and post-injection geophysical data using various codes. Data from cores and excavation show that the hydraulic fractures formed a saucer-shape with a preferred propagation in the horizontal direction. The geophysical inversions generated images with remarkably similar form, size, and location to the ground truth from direct observation. Displacement and tilt data appear promising as a constraint on fracture geometry.
The Inverse Scattering Transform‐Fourier Analysis for Nonlinear Problems (1974)

A systematic method is developed which allows one to identify certain important classes of evolution equations which can be solved by the method of inverse scattering. The form of each evolution equation is characterized by the dispersion relation of its associated linearized version and an integro‐differential operator. A comprehensive presentation of the inverse scattering method is given and general features of the solution are discussed. The relationship of the scattering theory and Backlund transformations is brought out. In view of the role of the dispersion relation, the comparatively simple asymptotic states, and the similarity of the method itself to Fourier transforms, this theory can be considered a natural extension of Fourier analysis to nonlinear problems.
Tripartite degrons confer diversity and specificity on regulated protein degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (2016)

Specific signals (degrons) regulate protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we systematically analyse known degrons and propose a tripartite model comprising the following: (1) a primary degron (peptide motif) that specifies substrate recognition by cognate E3 ubiquitin ligases, (2) secondary site(s) comprising a single or multiple neighbouring ubiquitinated lysine(s) and (3) a structurally disordered segment that initiates substrate unfolding at the 26S proteasome. Primary degron sequences are conserved among orthologues and occur in structurally disordered regions that undergo E3-induced folding-on-binding. Posttranslational modifications can switch primary degrons into E3-binding-competent states, thereby integrating degradation with signalling pathways. Degradation-linked lysines tend to be located within disordered segments that also initiate substrate degradation by effective proteasomal engagement. Many characterized mutations and alternative isoforms with abrogated degron components are implicated in disease. These effects result from increased protein stability and interactome rewiring. The distributed nature of degrons ensures regulation, specificity and combinatorial control of degradation.
Performance enhancements to the Active Memory System (2003)

The Active Memory System - a garbage collected memory module - was introduced as a way to provide hardware support for garbage collection in embedded systems. The major component in the design was the Active Memory Processor (AMP) that utilized a set of bit-maps and a combinational circuit to perform mark-sweep garbage collection. The design can achieve constant time for both allocation and sweeping. In this paper two enhancements are made to the design of AMP so that it can perform one-bit reference counting that postpones the need to perform garbage collection. Moreover, a caching mechanism is also introduced to reduce the hardware cost of the design. The experimental results show that the proposed modification can reduce the number of garbage collection invocations by 76%. The speed-up in marking time can be as much as 5.81. With the caching mechanism, the hardware cost can be as small as 27 K gates and 6 KB of SRAM.
The stimulatory effects of diethylstilbestrol and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate on the reticuloendothelial cells of the rat spleen (1975)

Abstract The effects of the estrogenic compounds, diethylstilbestrol (DS) and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DSP) on morphologically demonstrable characteristics of reticuloendothelial (RE) cells were studied in rat spleen. These included metalophilia, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and phagocytosis. Routine histological and histochemical techniques were used to determine the distribution of metalophilic cells, hydrolytic enzymes, the presence of intracytoplasmic PAS‐positive material, hemosiderin sequestration, and the ability to phagocytose injected carbon particles and bacterial organisms. Changes in these parameters associated with increased RE function were observed in several regions of spleens of DS or DSP‐treated animals. The marginal metalophils at the periphery of the nodule, normally not phagocytic in animals of the age studied, became phagocytic and demonstrated increased metalophilic and enzymatic activity. The red pulp was characterized by increased densities of cells in pulp cords demonstrating metalophilia, hydrolytic enzyme activity, PAS positivity and hemosiderin. Phagocytosed material was limited to cells in the pulp cord. The reactions of the sinus‐lining cells were not affected by this treatment. Results indicated that the marginal metalophils have the capacity to become fully functional RE cells under the influence of these drugs.
CXCR3 promotes plaque formation and behavioral deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease model (2014)

Chemokines are important modulators of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and in AD animal models, the chemokine CXCL10 is found in high concentrations, suggesting a pathogenic role for this chemokine and its receptor, CXCR3. Recent studies aimed at addressing the role of CXCR3 in neurological diseases indicate potent, but diverse, functions for CXCR3. Here, we examined the impact of CXCR3 in the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD. We found that, compared with control APP/PSI animals, plaque burden and Aβ levels were strongly reduced in CXCR3-deficient APP/PS1 mice. Analysis of microglial phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that CXCR3 deficiency increased the microglial uptake of Aβ. Application of a CXCR3 antagonist increased microglial Aβ phagocytosis, which was associated with reduced TNF-α secretion. Moreover, in CXCR3-deficient APP/PS1 mice, microglia exhibited morphological activation and reduced plaque association, and brain tissue from APP/PS1 animals lacking CXCR3 had reduced concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines compared with controls. Further, loss of CXCR3 attenuated the behavioral deficits observed in APP/PS1 mice. Together, our data indicate that CXCR3 signaling mediates development of AD-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice and suggest that CXCR3 has potential as a therapeutic target for AD.
Reactivities of sterically hindered styrenes toward addition of free radicals (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivities of sterically hindered styrenes toward addition of free radicalsEarl S. Huyser and Leo KimCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 1, 94–99Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01265a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01265a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electro Optical Terahertz Pulse Reflectometry &#x2014; an innovative fault isolation tool (2010)

Electro Optical Terahertz Pulse Reflectometry (EOTPR), an innovative time domain reflectometry (TDR) system, has been successfully developed. This is the first system that applies terahertz technology to time domain reflectometry. The system has achieved 10 um resolution, 5.7ps rise time, 94dB signal/noise ratio and 150 mm testing range and it has been successfully integrated into fault isolation and failure analysis process flow.
In Situ EXAFS Study To Probe Active Centers of Ru Chalcogenide Electrocatalysts During Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2002)

Novel cluster Ru chalcogenide materials MoxRuySez and RuxTey were studied in situ using EXAFS in the transmission mode during the oxygen reduction reaction. Reversible changes in the structure of the active center were revealed for the electrochemical reaction as a function of the applied electrode potential. The shift of the potential in the anodic direction from 0.08 to 0.78 V versus rhe (reference hydrogen electrode) in the presence of oxygen resulted in an increase of the Ru−O and simultaneous decrease of the Ru−Ru coordination numbers in the first coordination shell of Ru. Along with the variation of the coordination numbers, we observed reversible changes of the coordination distances: a decrease of the Ru−O and an increase of the Ru−Ru distance with the positive polarization. These changes witness the distortion of the catalytic center upon oxygen adsorption. A tentative mechanism of oxygen activation on RuxXy cluster materials is proposed on the basis of the in situ EXAFS data.
Improved HPLC Method for the Determination of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, and Bisdemethoxycurcumin (2002)

Commercially available curcumin, a bright orange-yellow color pigment of turmeric, consists of a mixture of three curcuminoids, namely, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. These were isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic studies. The purity of the curcuminoids was analyzed by an improved HPLC method. HPLC separation was performed on a C(18) column using three solvents, methanol, 2% AcOH, and acetonitrile, with detection at 425 nm. Four different commercially available varieties of turmeric, namely, Salem, Erode, Balasore, and local market samples, were analyzed to detect the percentage of these three curcuminoids. The percentages of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin as estimated using their calibration curves were found to be 1.06 +/- 0.061 to 5.65 +/- 0.040, 0.83 +/- 0.047 to 3.36 +/- 0.040, and 0.42 +/- 0.036 to 2.16 +/- 0.06, respectively, in four different samples. The total percentages of curcuminoids are 2.34 +/- 0.171 to 9.18 +/- 0.232%.
Acidic and neutral sialidase in the erythrocyte membrane of type 2 diabetic patients (2002)

The behavior of the 2 sialidase forms present in the erythrocyte membrane was investigated in 117 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus versus 95 healthy controls. A significant increase of the acidic form of sialidase, which is anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol bridge, was observed in erythrocyte resealed membranes. On the contrary, the neutral form of the enzyme, the only one capable of removing lipid- and protein-bound sialic acid from endogenous and exogenous sialoderivatives, was significantly reduced with a consequent increase of erythrocyte membrane total sialic acid content. Disease duration, therapy, glycemia, parameters of metabolic control, and presence of complications, except nephropathies, had no influence on the tested enzyme activities. Diabetic subjects showed a different erythrocyte age distribution, with an almost double proportion of young red cells and only one quarter of senescent ones compared with controls. In young erythrocytes, diabetic and control subjects had the same distribution of the 2 enzymes, while in senescent cells the acidic enzyme was increased 3.5-fold and the neutral form was reduced by half in the diabetic subjects. The increase of both acidic sialidase and total membrane-bound sialic acid, together with an overpresence of young red cells in diabetics, suggests that in this pathological condition there might be an altered aging process with a diminished expression of the neutral form of the enzyme and an increase of bound sialic acid. It has been suggested that the expression of the neutral enzyme requires some activation mechanism that is impaired in diabetes.
ZCS resonant converter based parallel balancing of serially connected batteries string (2016)

This paper introduces a new topology for parallel balancing of serially connected batteries string. The main advantage of the balancing concept is that energy is transferred only when the cells are unbalanced. As a result, the power losses are significantly reduced since no current circulates through the system when balanced. This has been enabled by a modification of an isolated series-resonant converter operating in DCM and features zero current switching (ZCS). Another attractive feature is that one transformer for two cells is used, as opposed to conventional isolated topologies that require a transformer per cell. The realization is simple and requires simple current polarity detector. Experimental results have been obtained by a prototype of two series connected batteries, which demonstrates the balancing capabilities of the system.
Precise protein quantification based on peptide quantification using iTRAQ™ (2007)

The software Quant demonstrates improvements in protein quantification using iTRAQ. Precise quantification data can be obtained at the protein level when using error propagation and adequate visualization. Quant integrates both and additionally provides the possibility to obtain more reliable results by calculation of wise quality measures. Peak area integration has been replaced by sum of intensities, yielding more reliable quantification results. Additionally, Quant allows the combination of quantitative information obtained by iTRAQ with peptide and protein identifications from popular tandem MS identification tools. Hence Quant is a useful tool for the proteomics community and may help improving analysis of proteomic experimental data. In addition, we have shown that a lognormal distribution fits the data of mass spectrometry based relative peptide quantification.
LA HISTORIA DEL ROCK, TALLER ESPECIAL PARA MELÓMANOS (2012)

CON EL PROPOSITO DE MOSTRAR INFLUENCIA QUE EL ROCK AND ROLL HA EJERCIDO EN MUSICA CONTEMPORANEA, ASI COMO EN VIDA SOCIAL, POLITICA Y CULTURAL, FERNANDO RAMIREZ IMPARTIRA EL TALLER ESPECIAL LA HISTORIA DEL ROCK, EN EL QUE SE HARA UN RECORRIDO CRONOLOGICO A PARTIR DE 1954, ANO DE SU SURGIMIENTO, HASTA NUESTROS DIAS. SE ANALIZARAN GRUPOS, SOLISTAS, COMPOSITORES, POETAS, PRODUCTORES, MANAGERS Y OTROS ICONOS CULTURALES QUE PARTICIPARON CON SUS PROPUESTAS ARTISTICAS EN CREACION DE NUEVOS GENEROS. SE PROYECTARAN PELICULAS, DOCUMENTALES Y VIDEOS DE FESTIVALES COMO LOS DE NEWPORT, MONTEREY POP, WOODSTOCK, ISLA DE WIGHT Y AVANDARO. LOS ALUMNOS PRESENTARAN UN ENSAYO SEMANAL SOBRE MUSICA, POLITICA, SOCIEDAD Y CULTURA, PARA ACRECENTAR SU DESARROLLO CULTURAL Y SU SENSIBILIDAD SOCIAL. SE INCLUYEN LOS NOMBRES DE LOS SOLISTAS Y GRUPOS QUE SE ANALIZARAN DE CADA DECADA, A PARTIR DE LOS ANOS 50 HASTA PRIMERA DECADA DEL SIGLO XXI. SE IMPARTIRA EN EL MUSEO UNIVERSITARIO DEL CHOPO, DEL VIERNES 17 DE FEBRERO AL VIERNES 22 DE JUNIO, DE 18 A 20:30 HORAS. INSCRIPCIONES ABIERTAS. MAYORES INFORMES AL 5535 2186, 5535 2288, EXTENSIONES 123 Y 110.
Mosaic tiling in molecular dimensions (1995)

A strategy for the stepwise formation of organic/inorganic multilayered films is presented. Structurally ordered, alternating stacks of a cationic organic polymer and anionic sheets of an inorganic mineral are produced with lattice spacings as low as 1.5 nm, architectures which have a great potential in the design of, for example, optical elements and sensors. The method allows the close control of the deposited thickness of the layers and a applicable to a wide variety of materials.
L'esperit de l'art gòtic català : de Barcelona a Nàpols (2007)

Sovint es considera l'art romanic com el mes representatiu de la Catalunya medieval, quan es sense dubte el gotic el que identifica millor l'expansio de la Catalunya prospera i enriquida a tot el Mediterrani.
Feasibility, Safety and Cement Leakage inVertebroplasty of Osteoporotic and MalignantCompression Fractures Using Ultra-ViscousCement and Hydraulic Delivery System (2012)

Percutaneous cement augmentation in osteoporotic and malignant compression fractures using a highly viscous cement that can be safely controlled and injected via a hydraulic system can be performed safely without significant complications. The leakage rate and patterns were similar in both benign and malignant compression fractures. The use of highly viscous cement may decrease the complication rate in malignant lesions that has been traditionally described to exhibit more cement leakage with low viscosity cement.