gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering User Interactions in Ideological Discussions (2013)

Online discussion forums are a popular platform for people to voice their opinions on any subject matter and to discuss or debate any issue of interest. In forums where users discuss social, political, or religious issues, there are often heated debates among users or participants. Existing research has studied mining of user stances or camps on certain issues, opposing perspectives, and contention points. In this paper, we focus on identifying the nature of interactions among user pairs. The central questions are: How does each pair of users interact with each other? Does the pair of users mostly agree or disagree? What is the lexicon that people often use to express agreement and disagreement? We present a topic model based approach to answer these questions. Since agreement and disagreement expressions are usually multiword phrases, we propose to employ a ranking method to identify highly relevant phrases prior to topic modeling. After modeling, we use the modeling results to classify the nature of interaction of each user pair. Our evaluation results using real-life discussion/debate posts demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. 1
MRI of frozen tissue demonstrates a phase shift (2011)

While temperature mapping is desired during cryosurgery for prostate cancer treatment, an effective approach for this purpose is still needed. We have demonstrated a phase shift with temperature in our in vivo canine experiments and ex vivo tissue sample experiments within the frozen tissue. The phase shift is much larger (~0.7 °/°C with an echo time of 0.1 ms at 0.5 T) in magnitude than that predicted by conventional proton resonant frequency shift (0.008 °/°C). It shows little dependence on the echo times used and thus is not due to a frequency change, although frequency-dependent phase shift has been observed near the frozen tissue. This phase shift varies monotonically with temperature within the frozen tissue and therefore may be potentially used as a novel temperature mapping approach in cryoablation applications.
Foaming and Foam Stability for Mixed Polymer–Surfactant Solutions: Effects of Surfactant Type and Polymer Charge (2012)

Solutions of surfactant-polymer mixtures often exhibit different foaming properties, compared to the solutions of the individual components, due to the strong tendency for formation of polymer-surfactant complexes in the bulk and on the surface of the mixed solutions. A generally shared view in the literature is that electrostatic interactions govern the formation of these complexes, for example between anionic surfactants and cationic polymers. In this study we combine foam tests with model experiments to evaluate and explain the effect of several polymer-surfactant mixtures on the foaminess and foam stability of the respective solutions. Anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants (SDS, C(12)TAB, and C(12)EO(23)) were studied to clarify the role of surfactant charge. Highly hydrophilic cationic and nonionic polymers (polyvinylamine and polyvinylformamide, respectivey) were chosen to eliminate the (more trivial) effect of direct hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant tails and the hydrophobic regions on the polymer chains. Our experiments showed clearly that the presence of opposite charges is not a necessary condition for boosting the foaminess and foam stability in the surfactant-polymer mixtures studied. Clear foam boosting (synergistic) effects were observed in the mixtures of cationic surfactant and cationic polymer, cationic surfactant and nonionic polymer, and anionic surfactant and nonionic polymer. The mixtures of anionic surfactant and cationic polymer showed improved foam stability, however, the foaminess was strongly reduced, as compared to the surfactant solutions without polymer. No significant synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed for the mixture of nonionic surfactant (with low critical micelle concentration) and nonionic polymer. The results from the model experiments allowed us to explain the observed trends by the different adsorption dynamics and complex formation pattern in the systems studied.
Fuzzy logic and the calculus of fuzzy if-then rules (2003)

Summary form only given. Fuzzy logic and the calculus of fuzzy if-then rules are reviewed. The agenda of the calculus of fuzzy if-then rules is set forth briefly. Their importance is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
STORMLab for STEM Education: An Affordable Modular Robotic Kit for Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education (2016)

The demand for graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) has steadily increased in recent decades. In the United States alone, jobs for biomedical engineers are expected to increase by 62% by 2020, and jobs in software development and medical science are expected to increase by 32% and 36%, respectively [1]. Combined with an insufficient number of students enrolled in STEM fields, this will result in about 2.4 million STEM job vacancies by 2018 [2]. Therefore, increasing the number of STEM graduates is currently a national priority for many governments worldwide. An effective way to engage young minds in STEM disciplines is to introduce robotic kits into primary and secondary education [3]. The most widely used robotic kits, such as LEGO Mindstorm [4], VEX Robotics [5], and Fischertechnik [6], are composed of libraries of prefabricated parts that are not interoperable among kits from different vendors. As recently surveyed in Kee [7], alternatives to these popular kits are either highly modular but very expensive (e.g., Kondo [8], Bioloid [9], Cubelets [10], K-Junior V2, and Kephera [11]) and unaffordable for the majority of schools, or single-configuration and lowcost robots (e.g., AERObot [12], iRobot [13], and Boe-Bot [14]) with a restricted number of activities possible. An affordable solution that provides a number of interchangeable modules is littleBits [15]. This platform offers a variety of sensing and actuation modules that use magnets to connect, but it lacks programmability, thus limiting students' ability to learn about coding.
Fiber Optic Based Multidimensional Fluorcmete:R For Studies Of Marine Pollutants (1989)

© 1989 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. All rights reserved. Fiber optic remote sensing is a growing area of analytical chemistry. The application of such technology promises to augment much of today's process control, in-vivo medical diagnostics and environmental instrumentation. The use of optical fibers in chemical analysis is an attractive choice for many reasons. These include inrniunity to electromagnetic and RF interferences, lew attenuation, ruggedness, and of course suitability for in-situ on line monitoring in hazardous and/or remote environments. Fluorescence spectroscopy is an inherently sensitive technique; however, single wavelength measurements can be limited for analysis of complicated multiccnponent samples. In this regard, multidimensional fluorescence can be used to obtain additional information about the sample. In multidimensional fluorescence, the fluorescent measurement involves the use of multiple luminescence parameters to increase the specificity of the measurement. In this paper, the use of a newly designed fiber optic based multidimensional f luorometer to study the effects of various environmental pollutants on the spectral characteristics of marine phytoplankton is demonstrated.
Time-lapse gravity monitoring: A systematic 4D approach with application to aquifer storage and recovery (2008)

Abstract We studied time-lapse gravity surveys applied to the monitoring of an artificial aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) system in Leyden, Colorado. An abandoned underground coal mine has been developed into a subsurface water reservoir. Water from surface sources is injected into the artificial aquifer during winter for retrieval and use in summer. As a key component in the geophysical monitoring of the artificial ASR system, three microgravity surveys were conducted over the course of ten months during the initial water-injection stage. The time-lapse microgravity surveys successfully detected the distribution of injected water as well as its general movement. Quantitative interpretation based on 3D inversions produced hydrologically meaningful density-contrast models and imaged major zones of water distribution. The site formed an ideal natural laboratory for investigating various aspects of time-lapse gravity methodology. Through this application, we have studied systematically all steps of the method, including survey design, data acquisition, processing, and quantitative interpretation.
The acute effect of oral acetazolamide on macular blood flow. (1992)

Acetazolamide has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of macular edema. To investigate whether this effect is associated with changes in the retinal circulation, the acute effect of oral acetazolamide on macular blood flow was studied in 20 healthy volunteers. The blue-field simulation technique, a noninvasive method enabling the quantitation of the number (N) and mean velocity (Vm) of leukocytes flowing in the subject's own macular capillaries was used in this study. On two different occasions, separated by 3 or more days, 20 subjects adjusted Vm and N of computer-simulated leukocytes moving on a video screen to match those of their own entoptically perceived leukocytes before and 3 hr after a double-blind, randomized administration of 500 mg acetazolamide or placebo capsules. Ten trials were done, and the velocities were averaged. After acetazolamide ingestion, there was a nonsignificant average change from baseline in Vm (2.5 +/- 23% [+/- one standard deviation]; P greater than 0.1, by paired student t-test) and N (6.9 +/- 25%, P greater than 0.1). After placebo ingestion, the average changes from baseline in Vm and N also were not statistically significant (-1 +/- 18% and 14.9 +/- 30.3%, respectively). Furthermore, when compared with the changes measured after placebo intake, acetazolamide ingestion was associated with a nonsignificant 4.3 +/- 28.7% change in Vm (P greater than 0.1) and a -8 +/- 30.9% change in N (P greater than 0.1). With 20 subjects tested, the calculated average minimum change in leukocyte velocity that could have been detected with this technique (P less than 0.05, by paired student t-test) is about 9%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Soraphen A: A Flexible Alkyne Strategy (2009)

A triple-bond bonanza: The alkyne functional group can be a valuable handle for organic synthesis because the alkyne unit can function both as a nucleophile or as an electrophile when activated with an appropriate metal catalyst. This dual nature of the alkyne moiety has been exploitated for the concise total synthesis of the natural product soraphen A (see retrosynthesis; PMB=para-methoxybenzyl, TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl).
Why Can’t I Find My Files? New Methods for Automating Attribute Assignment (CMU-CS-03-116) (2018)

Attribute-based naming enables powerful search and organization tools for ever-increasing user data sets. However, such tools are only useful in combination with accurate attribute assignment. Existing systems rely on user input and content analysis, but they have enjoyed minimal success. This paper discusses new approaches to automatically assigning attributes to files, including several forms of context analysis, which has been highly successful in the Google web search engine. With extensions like application hints (e.g., web links for down-loaded files) and inter-file relationships, it should be possible to infer useful attributes for many files, making attribute-based search tools more effective.
Effect of Electronic Mean Free Path on Spin-Wave Resonance in Ferromagnetic Metals (1958)

It is suggested that under certain conditions the interpretation of ferromagnetic resonance phenomena in metals should not make use of Ohm's law because the electronic mean free path may not be negligible in comparison to an appropriately defined effective skin depth. Such conditions can exist even at moderately low temperatures provided the equivalent permeability is sufficiently large. The anomalous effects due to the mean free path are shown to be particularly important in spin-wave resonance, i.e., in a modified ferromagnetic resonance which is appreciably influenced by the exchange interactions existing in the skin depth. A suitable perturbation method is developed for calculating these anomalous effects on the basis of Maxwell's equations and the spin-wave equation. Using a relation proposed by Reuter and Sondheimer, as imple first-order result is then obtained for the surface impedance and for the equivalent permeability derived therefrom. The limitations of the underlying physical model are pointed out, and the applicability of the theory to existing experimental results is briefly discussed.
The accuracy of multiparametric MRI in men with negative biopsy and elevated PSA level—Can it rule out clinically significant prostate cancer? (2013)

mp-MRI showed good performance at both detection and ruling out clinically significant disease, according to the definition used. mp-MRI can then be used as a triage test in the population with persistently elevated or rising PSA levels to select patients that can avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy.
Role of Hyperglucagonemia in Maintenance of Increased Rates of Hepatic Glucose Output in Type II Diabetics (1987)

Elevated rates of basal hepatic glucose output (bHGO) are significantly correlated with the fasting serum glucose (FSG) level in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This observation suggests that bHGO is a major determinant of the severity of the diabetic state in these subjects. In addition, basal glucagon levels (bGL) are higher in these diabetics than in control subjects, despite the concurrent basal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, two factors known to suppress glucagon secretion. Although bGL is responsible for sustaining two-thirds of bHGO in normal humans, its role in sustaining elevated rates of bHGO in NIDDM has not been previously defined. To this end, we have studied 13 normal and 10 NIDDM subjects; mean FSG levels were 90 +/- 2 and 262 +/- 21 mg/dl, respectively (P less than .001). The mean fasting serum insulin and glucagon levels were higher in the diabetics than in the controls: 17 +/- 2 vs. 9 +/- 1 microU/ml (P less than .01) and 208 +/- 37 vs. 104 +/- 15 pg/ml (P less than .01), respectively. On separate days, HGO was assessed isotopically (with 3-[3H]glucose) in the basal state and during infusion of somatostatin (SRIF) (600 micrograms/h) alone and in conjunction with replacement infusions of glucose and insulin. The results demonstrate that bHGO is higher in diabetics than in controls (145 +/- 12 vs. 89 +/- 3 mg X m-2 X min-1, P less than .01); during infusion of SRIF alone, HGO was suppressed by 25% (P less than .05) and 34% (P less than .05) of the basal value in controls and diabetics, respectively; when the studies were repeated with glucose levels held constant at or near the FSG level by the glucose-clamp technique, the pattern and degree of HGO suppression was similar to that obtained by infusion of SRIF alone; during isolated glucagon deficiency (SRIF + insulin, 5 mU X m-2 min-1, with serum glucose maintained at basal level), HGO was suppressed by 71 +/- 8% of the basal value in controls (P less than .001) and by 58 +/- 7% in diabetics (P less than .001); and when isolated glucagon deficiency with similar hyperglycemia was created in control subjects, HGO was suppressed by 87% of the basal value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
STUDIES IN AMMONOLYSIS. I. THE AMMONOLYSIS OF HALOGEN FATTY ACIDS AND PREPARATION OF α-AMINO ACIDS (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTSTUDIES IN AMMONOLYSIS. I. THE AMMONOLYSIS OF HALOGEN FATTY ACIDS AND PREPARATION OF α-AMINO ACIDSNICHOLAS D. CHERONIS and KURT H. SPITZMUELLERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1941, 06, 3, 349–375Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01203a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01203a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereospecific introduction of double bounds via thermolysis of .beta.-lactones (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific introduction of double bounds via thermolysis of .beta.-lactonesWaldemar Adam, Jaime Baeza, and Ju-Chao LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 6, 2000–2006Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00761a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1027Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (866 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The monitoring of MPEG program signals in digital DBS system (2002)

The monitoring purpose of the broadcast transmission system is to provide a means of determining how the transmission system is performing and where a fault or abnormal condition exists in the transmission chain. This paper presents the monitoring system for the digital DBS (direct broadcast satellite). This paper describes the monitoring requirements relating to which signals need to be monitored, where to monitor in the transmission chain, and how often each signal needs to be monitored.
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> passivated InAlN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrate with record current density and transconductance (2010)

Abstract In this work, we study the scaling characteristics of In 0.17 Al 0.83 N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Scaling of both the DC and RF performance are studied as a function of InAlN thickness, gate recess and gate length to explore the design space of high frequency InAlN/GaN devices. Surface passivation by Al 2 O 3 deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is also investigated as an alternative to Si x N y passivation. The fabricated devices give record maximum drain current density and transconductance (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Combining Neural Networks and Log-linear Models to Improve Relation Extraction (2015)

The last decade has witnessed the success of the traditional feature-based method on exploiting the discrete structures such as words or lexical patterns to extract relations from text. Recently, convolutional and recurrent neural networks has provided very effective mechanisms to capture the hidden structures within sentences via continuous representations, thereby significantly advancing the performance of relation extraction. The advantage of convolutional neural networks is their capacity to generalize the consecutive k-grams in the sentences while recurrent neural networks are effective to encode long ranges of sentence context. This paper proposes to combine the traditional feature-based method, the convolutional and recurrent neural networks to simultaneously benefit from their advantages. Our systematic evaluation of different network architectures and combination methods demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach and results in the state-of-the-art performance on the ACE 2005 and SemEval dataset.
Recognition of High-speed Processing Technology (2010)

Based on the analysis of flexible manufacturing based on the same sort of production mode and trend of the evolution.Which leads to high-speed machining technology,and the key technologies involved,to resolve the issues and trends in the development of applications were discussed.To promote awareness of the importance of new manufacturing technology.
GPON SFP Transceiver with PIC based Mode-Coupled Receiver (2012)

The first mode-coupled receiver based SFP transceiver for GPON exploiting a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) has been developed and tested with a commercial GPON system. Measurements show the key performance advantages of reduced upstream split loss arising from utilising the MCR in a PON application.
Characterization of Petroleum Fractions (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of Petroleum FractionsK. M. Watson, E. F. Nelson, and George B. MurphyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1935, 27, 12, 1460–1464Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50312a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50312a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1055Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gene structure of mouse cathepsin B (1990)

The structure of a genomic DNA fragment encoding mouse cathepsin B was characterized. The genomic insert spans 15 kbp and contains 9 exons encoding the 339 amino acid residues of mouse preprocathepsin B. Intron break-points are not found at the junctions of the pre-peptide, pro-peptide and mature enzyme. Like other cysteine proteinase genes, the region around the cysteinyl active site is split by an intron, but in contrast with cathepsins L and H the intron break-point is located immediately after the active site.