gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of monodispersed model catalysts using softlanding cluster deposition (2002)

Abstract In nanocatalysis, clusters deposited on solid, well-defined surfaces play an important role. For the detection of size effects it is, however, important to prepare samples consisting of deposited clusters of a single size, as their chemical properties change with the exact number of atoms in the cluster. In this paper, the experimental tools are presented to prepare such model systems. The existence of monodispersed clusters is confirmed by various experimental findings. First, the carbonyl formation of deposited Nin clusters shows no change in the nuclearity when comparing the size of the deposited clusters with one of the formed carbonyls. Second, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies show that fragmentation of Sin clusters upon deposition can be excluded. In addition, the adsorption behavior of CO on deposited Pd atoms points to the existence of single atoms on the surface. Furthermore, CO oxidation results on Aun clusters confirm the existence of monodispersed clusters trapped on well-defined adsorption sites. Finally, we use Monte-Carlo simulations to define the range of clusters and defect densities, for which monodispersed clusters can be expected.
AN Integrated Sync Circuit for TV Receivers (1970)

A novel monolithic IC for sync circuit comprised of a sync amplifier, a horizontal oscillator with AFC, and a vertical oscillator has been developed. To avoid the use of expensive inductive components, both horizontal and vertical oscillator circuits are composed of multivibrators. The 55 x 67 mil chip, containing 21 transistors, 14 diodes and 34 resistors, is sealed in a conventional 14-pin dual-in-line package. This IC for sync circuit can save 26 discrete components and can be used in all screen sizes of TV receivers. Use of this IC in production of monochrome TV receivers has resulted in improved performance, greater reliability and reduced assembly cost.
Recovery of Vanadium and Molybdenum from Spent Petroleum Catalyst of PEMEX (1999)

Vanadium and molybdenum are recovered from spent petroleum PEMEX catalyst in the form of sodium vanadate and molybdate by leaching with aqueous NH3 or NaOH solutions after preliminary treatment of catalyst with CS2 or organic solvents. The use of recycled solvents allows the recovery of sulfur and avoids contamination of the atmosphere by considerable amounts of SO2. Different concentrations and operating conditions of NH3 and NaOH solutions are examined. It is shown that the use of these agents leads to yields from 88 to 92% of leached Mo and V in the form of compounds, allowing their further reutilization. These metals could be extracted selectively by the different techniques applied, which represents an economic advantage for PEMEX.
Strukturierte Kolloidpartikel für ultrahydrophobe, schmutzabweisende Oberflächen (2008)

Auf ultrahydrophoben Oberflächen rollen Wassertropfen unter Beibehaltung ihrer Kugelform schon bei der geringsten Neigung hin und her, wobei sie Schmutzpartikel aufsammeln und rückstandsfrei entfernen. Dieser Effekt, dessen wirtschaftlicher Nutzen kaum überschätzt werden kann, ist vom Lotusblatt allgemein bekannt und wird deshalb auch Lotus-Effekt® genannt. Beim Lotusblatt ist die Ultrahydrophobie von einem speziellen hierarchischen Oberflächen¬profil aus mikroskopischen Noppen mit nanoskopischen Wachshärchen zuzuschreiben. Entsprechende Strukturen und Strukturhierarchien konnten schon künstlich nachgestellt werden. Sie waren aber nicht stabil und wurden unter Abrieb zerstört. Profiloberflächen können von Wasser¬tropfen entweder homogen nach Wenzel oder heterogen nach Cassie benetzt werden. Während ein Tropfen auf einer Wenzel-Oberfläche trotz hohem Kontaktwinkel haftet und auf ihr nur abgleitet, rollt er auf einer Cassie-Oberfläche ab, weil er nur die Spitzen des Oberflächenprofils berührt und darunter ein Luftpolster besitzt. In dieser Arbeit wurden auf der Basis von submikroskopischen Kugelpartikeln stabilere Oberflächenstrukturen entwickelt. Erstens wurden submikro¬skopische Silika-Polymer-Hybridpartikel in Emulsionspolymerisation erzeugt, aus denen Filme gepresst wurden, denen dann durch gezielte Polymer-Plasmaätzung das Oberflächenprofil der Silikakerne verliehen wurde. Dieses Verfahren führte zu sehr stabilen Strukturoberflächen. Es konnte durch gezieltes Einstellen der intrinsischen Hydrophobie anhand von statischen und dynamischen Kontaktwinkelmessungen gezeigt werden, dass diese rein sphärisch strukturierten Oberflächen homogen, nach dem Wenzel-Typ, benetzt werden. Zweitens wurden die Silikakerne mit kleineren Silika-Nanopartikeln kovalent beschichtet, wodurch sie eine Mikro-Nano-Doppelstruktur annahmen. Oberflächenschichten die¬ser Partikel wiesen nach Hydrophobierung mit fluorhaltigen und –freien Alkylsilanen die Merkmale des Cassie-Typs auf: Sehr hohe statische Kontaktwinkel, sehr niedrige Hysterese. Tropfen rollten in fast perfekter Kugelform und sprangen beim Aufprall elastisch von den Oberflächen ab. Ihr Abrieb lag um eine Größenordnung unter dem des natürlichen Vorbilds. Selbstreinigende Merkmale konnten ebenfalls mit praxisnahen Tests bewiesen werden.
The many different cellular functions of MYO7A in the retina (2011)

Mutations in MYO7A (myosin VIIa) cause Usher syndrome type 1B, a disorder involving profound congenital deafness and progressive blindness. In the retina, most MYO7A is localized in the apical region of the RPE (retinal pigmented epithelial) cells, and a small amount is associated with the ciliary and periciliary membranes of the photoreceptor cells. Its roles appear to be quite varied. Studies with MYO7A-null mice indicate that MYO7A participates in the apical localization of RPE melanosomes and in the removal of phagosomes from the apical RPE for their delivery to lysosomes in the basal RPE. In the first role, MYO7A competes with microtubule motors, but in the second one, it may function co-operatively. An additional role of MYO7A in the RPE is indicated by the requirement for it in the light-dependent translocation of the ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-associated visual cycle enzyme RPE65 and normal functioning of the visual retinoid cycle. In photoreceptor cells lacking MYO7A, opsin accumulates abnormally in the transition zone of the cilium, suggesting that MYO7A functions as a selective barrier for membrane proteins at the distal end of the transition zone. It is likely that the progressive retinal degeneration that occurs in Usher syndrome 1B patients results from a combination of cellular defects in the RPE and photoreceptor cells.
Research progress in the estimation of the postmortem interval by Chinese forensic scholars (2016)

The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine. Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world have studied the estimation of PMI extensively in the past, and many novel methods and advanced technologies have now been applied in the field. For several centuries, Chinese forensic examiners have also worked on the estimation of the PMI, and there are a large number of excellent studies published in Chinese rather than in English, and these are not easily accessible or known internationally. Therefore we have conducted a review of relevant studies published by Chinese forensic scholars in the last few decades. The scope of this review is to provide a concise summary of the current progress in the estimation of PMI by Chinese forensic researchers using molecular biology, spectroscopic technology, entomological methods, energy changes, thanatochemistry and other methods.
Ground bounce considerations in DC parametric test generation using boundary scan (2002)

The problem of generating DC parametric test patterns while reducing ground bounce is considered. A clear tradeoff is identified between test time and the amount of ground bounce. An algorithm generating input DC tests with minimum ground bounce is proposed. Furthermore, we propose algorithms for reducing ground bounce for output DC tests under test time constraints based on the amount of information available. Experimental results prove that these algorithms not only reduce ground bounce but also keep test time within reasonable limits.
Cloning of Naturally Occurring Mixed Infections of Malaria Parasites (1981)

Clones have been established from a cultured isolate of Plasmodium falciparum characterized by two electrophoretic forms of glucose phosphate isomerase. Cultures initiated from diluted samples containing an estimated 1.0 or 0.5 parasite showed microscopically visible parasites after 21 days. Most of these cultures were characterized by only single enzyme forms.
Poor intercellular transport and absence of enhanced antiproliferative activity after non‐viral gene transfer of VP22‐P53 or P53‐VP22 fusions into p53 null cell lines <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Our study indicates that a gene transfer strategy using VP22 cannot be considered as a universal system to improve the delivery of any protein.
Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits (2007)

The findings of the present study are of importance for current models of heterogeneity in ADHD as they 1) provide further support for the notion that EF deficits and delay aversion are two possible pathways to ADHD, 2) add new interesting knowledge by showing that EF deficits and delay aversion can be differentiated in terms of their relations to the two ADHD symptom domains, and 3) indicate that the two processes of the dual-pathway model can also be differentiated in terms of their effect on functional impairments associated with ADHD.
Implementation and performance of cooperative control of shunt active filters for harmonic damping throughout a power distribution system (2003)

This paper proposes the cooperative control of multiple active filters based on voltage detection for harmonic damping throughout a power distribution system. The arrangement of a real distribution system would be changed according to system operation, and/or fault conditions. In addition, shunt capacitors and loads are individually connected to, or disconnected from, the distribution system. Independent control might make multiple active filters produce unbalanced compensating currents. This paper presents hardware and software implementations of cooperative control for two active filters. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the cooperative control with the help of a communication system.
Automatic force measuring system Patent (1967)

Weighing and recording device for obtaining precise automatic record of small changes in force
Targeted therapy for cancer: the HER-2/neu and Herceptin story. (2004)

The HER-2/neu oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor with extensive homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. In this article, the association of HER-2/neu gene and protein abnormalities with prognosis and response to therapy with Herceptin and other therapies in breast cancer is presented. By considering a series of 80 published studies encompassing more than 25,000 patients, the relative advantages and disadvantages of Southern blotting, polymerase chain reaction amplification, and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays designed to detect HER-2/neu gene amplification are compared with HER-2/neu protein overexpression assays performed by immunohistochemical techniques applied to frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues and enzyme immunoassays performed on tumor cytosols. The significance of HER-2/neu overexpression in ductal carcinoma in situ and the HER-2/neu status in uncommon female breast conditions and male breast cancer also are considered. The role of HER-2/neu testing for the prediction of response to Herceptin therapy in breast cancer is presented as well as its potential impact on responses to standard and newer hormonal therapies, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and radiation. The review also will evaluate the status of serum-based testing for circulating HER-2/neu receptor protein and its ability to predict disease outcome and therapy response.
Equation of state of shock-compressed liquids: Carbon dioxide and air (1991)

Equation-of-state data were measured for liquid carbon dioxide and air shock-compressed to pressures in the range 28–71 GPa (280–710 kbar) using a two-stage light-gas gun. The experimental methods are described. The data indicate that shock-compressed liquid CO2 decomposes at pressures above 34 GPa. Liquid air dissociates above a comparable shock pressure, as does liquid nitrogen. Theoretical intermolecular potentials are derived for CO2 from the data. The calculated shock temperature for the onset of CO2 decomposition is 4500 K at a volume of 17 cm3/mol.
Orthogonal Range Reporting in Three and Higher Dimensions (2009)

In orthogonal range reporting we are to preprocess N points in d-dimensional space so that the points inside a d-dimensional axis-aligned query box can be reported efficiently. This is a fundamental problem in various fields, including spatial databases and computational geometry. In this paper we provide a number of improvements for three and higher dimensional orthogonal range reporting: In the pointer machine model, we improve all the best previous results, some of which have not seen any improvements in almost two decades. In the I/O-model, we improve the previously known three-dimensional structures and provide the first (non-trivial) structures for four and higher dimensions.
Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci: Mechanisms and Clinical Observations (2001)

Enterococci are not generally regarded as highly virulent bacterial pathogens. However, resistance to many antimicrobial drugs complicates treatment of enterococcal infections. Acquired resistance to high concentrations of glycopeptide antibiotics, specifically vancomycin, has exacerbated this problem. This article seeks to concisely review the mechanisms of that resistance and its effects on clinical management of enterococcal infections, as well as clinical microbiology and infection control.
The β-Thalassemias (1999)

In 1925, Thomas Cooley and Pearl Lee described a form of severe anemia, occurring in children of Italian origin and associated with splenomegaly and characteristic bone changes.1 Over the next decade, a milder form was described independently by several Italian investigators.24 Because all early cases were reported in children of Mediterranean origin, the disease was later termed thalassemia, from the Greek word for sea, thalassa.5 Over the next 20 years, it became apparent that Cooley and Lee had described the homozygous or compound heterozygous state for a recessive mendelian disorder not confined to the Mediterranean, but occurring widely . . .
Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Mediated Neuroprotection against Excitotoxic Injury <i>in Vivo</i> (2003)

Ischemic preconditioning is a phenomenon that describes how a sublethal ischemic insult can induce tolerance to subsequent ischemia. This phenomenon has been observed after focal or global ischemia in different animal models. However, the hypothesis that bacterial infection might lead to neuronal tolerance to injury has not been investigated. To mimic cerebral bacterial infection, we injected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the right dorsal hippocampus, followed 24 hours later by an excitotoxic lesion using kainic acid in the mouse model. Quantification of lesion size after cresyl violet counterstaining revealed that LPS pretreatment afforded neuroprotection to CA3 neurons against KA challenge. To investigate the events underlying this protection, we studied the cytokine profile induced after LPS injection. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) were the main cytokines expressed at 24 hours after LPS injection. Because IL-1 beta has been described as deleterious in acute injury, we decided to investigate the function of TGF-beta 1. An adenovirus expressing a constitutively active form of TGF-beta 1 was injected intracerebrally 1 week before the induction of excitotoxic lesion, and neuronal protection was observed. To confirm the neuroprotective role of TGF-beta 1, the TGF-beta 1 adenovirus was replaced by recombinant human TGF-beta 1 protein and total neuroprotection was observed. Furthermore, the antibody-mediated blocking of TGF-beta 1 action prevented the protective effect of pretreatment with LPS. We have demonstrated in vivo that the cerebral tolerance phenomenon induced by LPS pretreatment is mediated by TGF-beta 1 cytokine.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Fatty Replacement of the Right Ventricular Myocardium (1998)

ARVC is a familial arrhythmogenic disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of myocytes with scattered foci of inflammation. Fat infiltration per se is probably a different process that should not be considered synonymous with ARVC.
Designing 8 Degrees of Freedom Humanoid Robotic Arm (2007)

This study presents the processes undertaken in the design and development of an intelligent 8 degrees of freedom (DOF) humanoid robotic arm using specified-made parts. The robotic arm imitates a human arm and able to grasp many objects of different shapes and sizes ranging from a small pen to a large ball. The robotic arm consists of a shoulder, an elbow, a wrist and five fingers and each finger is designed with three moveable sections except only two for the thumb. The sections in each finger will either be pushed or pulled synchronously using internal linkages and controlled by a 18F4431 microcontroller. Basic movement is pre-programmed to ensure that all the movement is within the allowable constrains, and can be controlled by human operator or automatically controlled by a computer. The 8 DOFs humanoid robotic arm provides wide trajectory coverage over the three-dimensional space around the base. The specified trajectory of each finger, wrist and arm are bio-inspired and carefully designed to resemble the humanpsilas arm movement.
Potential role of the endocannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant in the management of cardiometabolic risk: a narrative review of available data (2007)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an endogenous physiological system composed of two cannabinoid receptors and several endogenous ligands. The ECS is intimately involved in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis, which makes it an intriguing target for pharmacological treatment of obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Rimonabant is the first cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist being studied and utilized to treat obesity (it is approved in Europe but is currently under review in the United States). Large randomized trials with rimonabant have demonstrated efficacy in treatment of overweight and obese individuals with weight loss significantly greater than a reduced calorie diet alone. In addition, multiple other cardiometabolic parameters were improved in the treatment groups including increased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced triglycerides, reduced waist circumference, improved insulin sensitivity, decreased insulin levels, and in diabetic patients improvement in glycosylated hemoglobin percentage. There was an increase in the adverse effects of depression, anxiety, irritability, and nausea in rimonabant-treated groups. This novel medication may become an important therapeutic option in the fight to reduce cardiovascular disease worldwide through its unique action on cardiometabolic risk.
Initial Steps for the Development of a Phage-Mediated Gene Replacement Therapy Using CRISPR-Cas9 Technology (2020)

p53 gene (<i>TP53</i>) replacement therapy has shown promising results in cancer gene therapy. However, it has been hampered, mostly because of the gene delivery vector of choice. CRISPR-Cas9 technology (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) can knock out the mutated <i>TP53</i> (<i>mutTP53</i>), but due to its large size, many viral vectors are not suitable or require implemented strategies that lower the therapeutic efficiency. Here, we introduced a bacteriophage or phage-based vector with the ability to target cancer cells and aimed to investigate the feasibility of using this vector to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 transgene in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. First, we produced a tumour-targeted bacteriophage carrying a CRISPR-Cas9 transgene cassette. Next, we investigated any negative impact on vector titers via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and colony-forming agar plate. Last, we combined Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining to prove cell transduction in vitro. We showed that the tumour-targeted bacteriophage can package a large-size vector genome, ~10 kb, containing the CRISPR-Cas9 sequence without any negative impact on the active or total number of bacteriophage particles. Then, we detected expression of the Cas9 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells in a targeted and efficient manner. Finally, we proved loss of p53 protein expression when a p53 gRNA was incorporated into the CRISPR-Cas9 phage DNA construct. These proof-of-concept findings support the use of engineered bacteriophage for <i>TP53</i> replacement therapy in lung cancer.
The Place and Importance of Population Studies in Relation to the Negro Population of the South (1941)

Journal Article The Place and Importance of Population Studies in Relation to the Negro Population of the South Get access Charles S. Johnson Charles S. Johnson Fisk University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 20, Issue 1, October 1941, Pages 26–31, https://doi.org/10.2307/2571016 Published: 01 October 1941
The Barium Oxide on Tungsten Cathode Interface (1951)

First Page
Characterization of a Novel Sesquiterpene Cyclase Involved in (+)-Caryolan-1-ol Biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus (2011)

Most terpenoids have been isolated from plants and fungi and only a few from bacteria. However, an increasing number of genome sequences indicate that bacteria possess a variety of terpenoid cyclase genes. We characterized a sesquiterpene cyclase gene (SGR2079, named gcoA) found in Streptomyces griseus. When expressed in Streptomyces lividans, gcoA directed production of a sesquiterpene, isolated and determined to be (+)-caryolan-1-ol using spectroscopic analyses. (+)-Caryolan-1-ol was also detected in the crude cell lysate of wild-type S. griseus but not in a gcoA knockout mutant, indicating that GcoA is a genuine (+)-caryolan-1-ol synthase. Enzymatic properties were characterized using N-terminally histidine-tagged GcoA, produced in Escherichia coli. As expected, incubation of the recombinant GcoA protein with farnesyl diphosphate yielded (+)-caryolan-1-ol. However, a small amount of another sesquiterpene was also detected. This was identified as the bicyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (+)-β-caryophyllene by comparison with an authentic sample using GC-MS. Incorporation of a deuterium atom into the C-9 methylene of (+)-caryolan-1-ol in an in vitro GcoA reaction in deuterium oxide indicated that (+)-caryolan-1-ol was synthesized by a proton attack on the C-8/C-9 double bond of (+)-β-caryophyllene. Several β-caryophyllene synthases have been identified from plants, but these cannot synthesize caryolan-1-ol. Although caryolan-1-ol has been isolated previously from several plants, the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis has not been identified previously. GcoA is thus the first known caryolan-1-ol synthase. Isolation of caryolan-1-ol from microorganisms is unprecedented.