gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Oxidation of Some Bisbenzimidazoles and Benzimidazolylhydroxypropionic Acids (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Oxidation of Some Bisbenzimidazoles and Benzimidazolylhydroxypropionic AcidsKATHERINE H. TAFFS, LAILA VITTANDS PROSSER, FRANCES BAIRD WIGTON, and MADELEINE M. JOULLIÉCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 2, 462–467Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01061a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01061a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views353Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Historical Tragicomedies (1990)

Abstract Prompted perhaps by Pierre Corneille's success with Le Cid, Jean Desmarets abandoned comedy for tragicomedy. Desmarets was elected on June 16 with Chapelain and the Abbé de Bourzeis, by the Académie-Française to the committee of three entrusted with general appreciation of Le Cid. Not surprisingly, in view of the success of Le Cid, Desmarets turned to tragicomedy and to an episode in the career of another virtuous conqueror of Spain, Scipio Africanus. Scipion, the first of Desmarets's two historical tragicomedies dedicated to Cardinal Richelieu, shares with Ariane and Le Cid a conquering hero of noble origins and royal aspirations. Scipion also shares with Le Cid the specific themes of self-mastery and of marriage for reasons of State. Desmarets's second tragicomedy, Roxane, was first performed on an unknown date in 1639.
Mutations in a newly identified <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> gene, <i>mago nashi</i>, disrupt germ cell formation and result in the formation of mirror-image symmetrical double abdomen embryos (1991)

The mago nashi (mago) locus is a newly identified strict maternal effect, grandchildless-like, gene in Drosophila melanogaster. In homozygous mutant mago females reared at 17 degrees C, mago+ function is reduced, the inviable embryos lack abdominal segments and 84-98% of the embryos die. In contrast, at 25 degrees C, some mago alleles produce a novel gene product capable of inducing the formation of symmetrical double abdomen embryos. Reciprocal temperature-shift experiments indicate that the temperature-sensitive period is during oogenetic stages 7-14. Furthermore, embryos collected from mago1 homozygous females contain no apparent functional posterior determinants in the posterior pole. In viable F1 progeny from mago mutant females, regardless of genotype and temperature, polar granules are reduced or absent and germ cells fail to form (the grandchildless-like phenotype). Thus, we propose that the mago+ product is a component of the posterior determinative system, required during oogenesis, both for germ cell determination and delineation of the longitudinal axis of the embryo.
An Efficient Circulant MIMO Equalizer for CDMA Downlink: Algorithm and VLSI Architecture (2006)

We present an efficient circulant approximation-based MIMO equalizer architecture for the CDMA downlink. This reduces the direct matrix inverse (DMI) of size with complexity to some FFT operations with complexity and the inverse of some submatrices. We then propose parallel and pipelined VLSI architectures with Hermitian optimization and reduced-state FFT for further complexity optimization. Generic VLSI architectures are derived for the high-order receiver from partitioned submatrices. This leads to more parallel VLSI design with further complexity reduction. Comparative study with both the conjugate-gradient and DMI algorithms shows very promising performance/complexity tradeoff. VLSI design space in terms of area/time efficiency is explored extensively for layered parallelism and pipelining with a Catapult C high-level-synthesis methodology.
Molecular genetic perspectives on cross-talk and specificity in abiotic stress signalling in plants (2003)

The perception of abiotic stresses and signal transduction to switch on adaptive responses are critical steps in determining the survival and reproduction of plants exposed to adverse environments. Plants have stress-specific adaptive responses as well as responses which protect the plants from more than one environmental stress. There are multiple stress perception and signalling pathways, some of which are specific, but others may cross-talk at various steps. Recently, progress has been made in identifying components of signalling pathways involved in salt, drought and cold stresses. Genetic analysis has defined the Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) pathway, in which a salt stress-induced calcium signal is probably sensed by the calcium-binding protein SOS3 which then activates the protein kinase SOS2. The SOS3-SOS2 kinase complex regulates the expression and activity of ion transporters such as SOS1 to re-establish cellular ionic homeostasis under salinity. The ICE1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1)-CBF (C-Repeat Binding Protein) pathway is critical for the regulation of the cold-responsive transcriptome and acquired freezing tolerance, although at present the signalling events that activate the ICE1 transcription factor during cold stress are not known. Both ABA-dependent and -independent signalling pathways appear to be involved in osmotic stress tolerance. Components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades may act as converging points of multiple abiotic as well as biotic stress signalling pathways. Forward and reverse genetic analysis in combination with expression profiling will continue to uncover many signalling components, and biochemical characterization of the signalling complexes will be required to determine specificity and cross-talk in abiotic stress signalling pathways.
Causes and consequences of centrosome abnormalities in cancer (2014)

Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancer. However, despite significant progress in recent years, we are still far from understanding how centrosome amplification affects tumorigenesis. Boveri's hypothesis formulated more than 100 years ago was that aneuploidy induced by centrosome amplification promoted tumorigenesis. Although the hypothesis remains appealing 100 years later, it is also clear that the role of centrosome amplification in cancer is more complex than initially thought. Here, we review how centrosome abnormalities are generated in cancer and the mechanisms cells employ to adapt to centrosome amplification, in particular centrosome clustering. We discuss the different mechanisms by which centrosome amplification could contribute to tumour progression and the new advances in the development of therapies that target cells with extra centrosomes.
Diagnostics based on faulty signature (2003)

A fault diagnostic algorithm which makes use of the information from a faulty signature is presented. The idea is to search the likely fault locations before the tests are performed. The method reduces the number of tests required to diagnose the faults with the probability of error aliasing. Such probability is always smaller than that of error detection in signature analysis. When matching tests are difficult or impossible, the method provides an estimate of where errors that caused the incorrect signature might have occurred.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression, purification and catalytic activity of <i>Lupinus luteus</i> asparagine β‐amidohydrolase and its <i>Escherichia coli</i> homolog (2004)

We describe the expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of two homologous enzymes, with amidohydrolase activities, of plant (Lupinus luteus potassium-independent asparaginase, LlA) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, ybiK/spt/iaaA gene product, EcAIII) origin. Both enzymes were expressed in E. coli cells, with (LlA) or without (EcAIII) a His-tag sequence. The proteins were purified, yielding 6 or 30 mg.L(-1) of culture, respectively. The enzymes are heat-stable up to 60 degrees C and show both isoaspartyl dipeptidase and l-asparaginase activities. Kinetic parameters for both enzymatic reactions have been determined, showing that the isoaspartyl peptidase activity is the dominating one. Despite sequence similarity to aspartylglucosaminidases, no aspartylglucosaminidase activity could be detected. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the relationship of these proteins to other asparaginases and aspartylglucosaminidases and suggested their classification as N-terminal nucleophile hydrolases. This is consistent with the observed autocatalytic breakdown of the immature proteins into two subunits, with liberation of an N-terminal threonine as a potential catalytic residue.
Liquid as template for next generation micro devices (2009)

Liquids have fascinated generations of scientists and engineers. Since ancient Greece, the perfect natural shape of liquids has been used to create optical systems. Nowadays, the natural shape of liquid is used in the fabrication of microlens arrays that rely on the melting of glass or photoresist to generate high quality lenses. However shrinkage normally associated to the liquid to solid phase transition will affect the initial shape and quality of the liquid structure. In this contribution, a novel fabrication technique that enables the encapsulation and replication of liquid templates without affecting their natural shape is presented. The SOLID (SOlid on LIquid Deposition) process [1] allows for a transparent solid film to be deposited and grown onto a liquid template (droplet, film, line) in a way that the liquid shapes the overgrowing solid layer. The resulting configuration of the SOLID devices is chemically and mechanically stable and is the base of a huge variety of new micro-nano systems in the field of microfluidics, biomedical devices and micro-optics among others. The SOLID process enables in a one step process the encapsulation of liquid microlenses, fluidics channels, drug reservoir or any naturally driven liquid structure. The phenomenon and solid-liquid interface resulting from the SOLID process is new and still unexploited. The solid layer used for the SOLID process chosen in this paper is poly-para-xylylene called Parylene, a transparent biocompatible polymer with excellent mechanical and chemical properties. Moreover, as the solid layer is growing over a liquid template, atomically smooth surfaces channels can be obtained [2]. The polymerization of Parylene does not exert stress and does not change the shape of the liquid; this latter aspect is particularly interesting for manufacturing naturally driven liquid structures. In this paper the authors explore the limits of this new method by testing different designs of SOLID encapsulated structures and their potential to deliver next generation micro devices.
Geographic Data Mining (2017)

Geographic data mining (or spatial data mining) is the process of discovering novel, interesting, and useful patterns and knowledge from massive collections of geospatial data. It lies at the confluence of multiple disciplines related to geographical data analysis, including geographic information systems, database systems, data mining, machine learning, and spatial statistical modeling. Geographic data mining is playing an increasingly important role in scalable analysis of massive geographic and geocoded datasets.
Algorithm for prediction of tumour suppressor p53 affinity for binding sites in DNA (2008)

The tumour suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that binds DNA in the vicinity of the genes it controls. The affinity of p53 for specific binding sites relative to other DNA sequences is an inherent driving force for specificity, all other things being equal. We measured the binding affinities of systematically mutated consensus p53 DNA-binding sequences using automated fluorescence anisotropy titrations. Based on measurements of the effects of every possible single base-pair substitution of a consensus sequence, we defined the DNA sequence with the highest affinity for full-length p53 and quantified the effects of deviation from it on the strength of protein-DNA interaction. The contributions of individual nucleotides were to a first approximation independent and additive. But, in some cases we observed significant deviations from additivity. Based on affinity data, we constructed a binding predictor that mirrored the existing p53 consensus sequence definition. We used it to search for high-affinity binding sites in the genome and to predict the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these sites. Although there was some correlation between the K(d) and biological function, the spread of the K(d)s by itself was not sufficient to explain the activation of different pathways by changes in p53 concentration alone.
Consideration of the various error sources in a practical automatic vehicle location system (1984)

An Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) system utilizing LORAN-C which has been cost-optimized is described. The various sources of positioning errors are enumerated and their effects are quantified through theoretical and empirical techniques. These results are used to generate a performance specification for the continental U.S. This specification is compared to field test results from two operating demonstration systems.
Spatially Dispersive Ferrite Nonlinear Transmission Line With Axial Bias (2014)

A spatially dispersive nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) using axially biased ferrite as the nonlinear medium has been developed. The NLTL is frequency tunable from 0.95 to 1.45 GHz with adjustment of the axial biasing field. A circuit model describing the dispersion of the line has been developed and compared with experimental measurements and time and frequency domain simulations. Instantaneous peak power levels exceeding 100 MW and average power levels of 10s of MW with durations from 4 to 17 ns have been observed.
Bacterial Colonization of Bone Allografts: Establishment and Effects of Antibiotics (2010)

Generation of allograft bone that can resist infection in vivo would be important in addressing one of the most challenging problems associated with the use of allograft, namely infection.
An optical fiber amplifier for wide-band wavelength range around 1.65 mu m (1990)

The optical amplification characteristics of a 0.781- mu m pumped thulium-doped fiber in the wavelength range of 1.6-1.7 mu m are discussed. A maximum net gain of 2.0 dB was obtained for 1.69- mu m operation. This optical fiber amplifier is suitable for in-service monitoring and identifying fibers operating at 1.2-1.6 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of adrenomedullin on the production of endothelin-1 and on its vasoconstrictor action in resistance arteries: evidence for a receptor-specific functional interaction in patients with heart failure (2001)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (ADM) are both produced in the arterial wall, but have opposing biological actions. Evidence from experimental animals suggests a functional interaction between ET-1 and ADM. We have tested this in humans. Small resistance arteries were obtained from gluteal biopsies taken from patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to coronary heart disease (CHD), or with CHD and preserved ventricular function. The contractile responses to big ET-1 and to ET-1 in both sets of vessels were studied in the absence (control) and presence of ADM at 20 pmol/l (low ADM) or 200 pmol/l (high ADM), using wire myography. ADM did not affect the conversion of big ET-1 into ET-1 in vessels from patients with either CHD or CHF. Low ADM did not alter the contractile response to ET-1 in vessels from patients with CHF. Low ADM was not tested in vessels from patients with CHD, but high ADM did not affect this response in arteries from these patients. High ADM did, however, significantly reduce the vasoconstrictor effect of ET-1 in vessels from patients with CHF. The maximum response, as a percentage of the response to high potassium, was 199% (S.E.M. 25%) in the control experiments (n = 14), 205% (27%) in the low-ADM (n = 7) studies and 150% (17%) in the high-ADM (n = 6) experiments (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the Hill coefficient increased from 0.57±0.05 in the absence of ADM to 1.16±0.15 in the high-ADM experiments, indicating that ADM at 200 pmol/l specifically antagonized one receptor type in vessels from patients with CHF. We conclude that there is a one-site receptor interaction between ADM and ET-1 that is specific for vessels from patients with CHF. This functional interaction between ADM and ET-1 in resistance arteries may be of pathophysiological importance in CHF.
The specificity of polymer degradation in the living body (1979)

Abstract This paper is concerned with studying the macrokinetic specificities of biodegradation in vivo of some polymer materials (polyesters, polycaproamid) usually used in the medical practice. We observed the change of the structure, mechanical properties, and mass with respect to implantation time. The equations relating the change of these parameters with time have also been found.
Production and applications of mono- and bispecific monoclonal antibodies for fibrinolysis studies (1992)

The generation of the proteolytic enzyme plasmin from its inactive precursor plasminogen, mediated by so caUed plasminogen activators, is the essential step in thrombolytic therapy.Plasmin is responsible for the degradation of the insoluble fibrin, the major component of a thrombus, to soluble fibrin degradation products.Sofar, the use of the more recentiy developed thrombolytic agents single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were disappointing, mainly due to some of thefr negative properties in vivo, i.e. rapid inhibition and/or hepatic clearance.Besides some background information on the haemostatic balance; t-PA and scu-PA stmcture; and mechanisms of action, we here review some reported attempts to improve on these agents for thrombolytic therapy foUowing various sfrategies.One of the more potential strategies, antibody-targeted thrombolytic therapy using bispecific monoclonal antibodies, is discussed somewhat more extensively, as are the several procedures that can be foUowed for bispecific antibody preparation.
Efficient Nickel-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of CO<sub>2</sub> and Diynes (2002)

A mild and general route for preparing 2-pyrones from CO2 and diynes is described. Under only 1 atm of CO2, excellent yields of pyrone are obtained using catalytic amounts of Ni(COD)2 and imidazolylidene ligand, IPr. In addition, stoichiometric reactions between the isolated complex Ni(IPr)2, diynes, and CO2 suggest that the pathway involves initial reaction with CO2 as the key step.
Voronoi cell: New method for allocation of space among atoms: Elimination of avoidable errors in calculation of atomic volume and density (1997)

In computing the volume occupied by atoms and the density in proteins, one is faced with the problem of intersecting spheres. To estimate either, the space between the atoms has to be divided according to the location of the atoms relative to each other. Various methods, based on Voronoi's idea of approximating the atomic space by polyhedra, have been proposed for this purpose. Comparing procedures concerned with the allocation of space among distinct atoms, we observe different partitionings of space, with deviations of more than 100% for particular atoms. Furthermore, we find that the separating planes of different Voronoi procedures do not meet the intersection circles of covalently linked atoms. This leads to a misallocation of space of up to 7% for atom pairs that largely differ in atomic size (e.g., C—H). Several algorithms are negatively affected by small unallocated polyhedra (“vertex error”). These effects are cumulative for a small protein up to a loss of some 60 Å3 of total volume, which would correspond to the deletion of one complete residue. To overcome these errors, instead of using dividing planes between the atoms, we use curved surfaces, defined as the set of those geometrical loci with equal orthogonal distance to the surfaces of the van der Waals spheres under consideration. The proposed dividing surface meets not only the intersection circle of the two van der Waals spheres but also the intersection circle of the two spheres enlarged by an arbitrary value (e.g., radius of water). This hyperbolic surface enveloping the Voronoi cell can be easily constructed and offers the following advantages: no misallocation of volume for atoms of different size, no vertex error, geometrically reasonable allocation of the volume among atoms, avoidance of discontinuities between neighboring atoms, and improved applicability to water-accessible protein surfaces. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 18: 1113–1123
Effects of lipoprotein lipase and statins on cholesterol uptake into heart and skeletal muscle (2006)

Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in cultured cells and in the liver is dependent on actions of the LDL receptor. However, nonhepatic tissues have multiple pathways of cholesterol uptake. One possible pathway is mediated by LPL, an enzyme that primarily hydrolyzes plasma triglyceride into fatty acids. In this study, LDL uptake and tissue cholesterol levels in heart and skeletal muscle of wild-type and transgenic mice with alterations in LPL expression were assessed. Overexpression of a myocyte-anchored form of LPL in heart muscle led to increased uptake of LDL and greater heart cholesterol levels. Loss of LDL receptors did not alter LDL uptake into heart or skeletal muscle. To induce LDL receptors, mice were treated with simvastatin. Statin treatment increased LDL receptor expression and LDL uptake by liver and skeletal muscle but not heart muscle. Plasma creatinine phosphokinase as well as muscle mitochondria, cholesterol, and lipid droplet levels were increased in statin-treated mice overexpressing LPL in skeletal muscle. Thus, pathways affecting cholesterol balance in heart and skeletal muscle differ.
Knowledge-Empowered Agent Negotiation for Electronic Commerce with Knowledge Beads (2006)

To automate the agent negotiation process, it has been widely accepted that two important tasks must be done: (1) formalize the negotiation process, and (2) incorporate necessary negotiation knowledge and intelligence. However, due to the fuzzy and complex nature, the lack of knowledge interoperability and knowledge-reuse in most agent-based services deployed has posed certain drawback to automated negotiation. An object-oriented ontology-based building block for knowledge representation, namely, knowledge bead (KB), has been proposed in (S. Fong, et al., 2002). It was designed as a foundation to enable automated agent negotiation in e-trading environment in a systematic way. This paper features the research work of KB on constructing its taxonomy and methodology, and the use of the knowledge carried by KB's in automated negotiation process. We anticipate the more efficient electronic commerce achieved with the support of the knowledge-empowered agent negotiation