gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further simplification of ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for anti‐htlv‐i igg using microplates and fluororeader (1995)

In a previously reported ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for anti-HTLV-I IgG, polystyrene beads were handled with tweezers, and bound beta-D-galactosidase activity was measured with a fluorometer. The use of tweezers was causative of false-positivity by carryover, and testing many samples was difficult. Recently, these drawbacks have been minimized using microplates and a fluororeader. However, tweezers were still required in the initial and final steps. In the present study, the immune complex, comprising 2,4-dinitrophenyl-antigen, anti-HTLV-I IgG, and antigen-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate, was formed in and trapped onto microplate wells coated with (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) IgG. Subsequently, the microplate wells were incubated with epsilon N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and polystyrene beads, modified by attaching to plates through cylindrical bars and coated with (antihuman IgG gamma-chain) IgG, to transfer the immune complex from the microplate wells to the modified polystyrene beads. Alternatively, modified polystyrene beads coated with (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) IgG and microplate wells coated with (antihuman IgG gamma-chain) IgG were substituted for microplate wells coated with (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) IgG and modified polystyrene beads coated with (antihuman IgG gamma-chain) IgG, respectively. The fluorescence intensity for bound beta-D-galactosidase activity was quickly measured with a fluororeader. Thus the modified polystyrene beads were transferred from wells to wells more quickly and easily without tweezers, eliminating false-positivity due to carryover, and it became easy to test many samples with high sensitivity and reliability, although the assay of bound beta-D-galactosidase activity became slightly more time-consuming.
Heritable membrane alterations and growth associated with enhanced leupeptin-sensitive proteinase activity in epithelial cells exposed to dibutylnitrosamine in vitro. (1978)

Abstract Viable epithelial cells derived from bullfrog or rabbit urinary bladders were treated in vitro with dibutylnitrosamine (DBN) in an effort to identify early and long-term changes in membrane properties during chemical-induced growth. At 5 × 10 -4 m, the carcinogen provoked maximal increments in [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation and growth in cells maintained in serum-free, chemically defined medium for 14 days as compared to control cells not exposed to DBN or treated with the noncarcinogen diphenylnitrosamine. These DBN-induced effects were abolished by prior treatment of cells with liposome-entrapped leupeptin and reduced by ovomucoid, but not by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Extracellular release of cathepsin B1, but not alkaline phosphatase, activity was enhanced within 1 hr of DBN exposure to 280% of that of control cells. Concanavalin A-mediated binding of erythrocytes, but not concanavalin A binding, to bullfrog cells increased to 194% of the level in cells treated for 1 hr with diphenylnitrosamine. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy revealed that 20% of cells exposed to DBN showed a redistribution into clusters of concanavalin A-binding sites that are normally disposed at random at the external surfaces of control cells. The rate of intercellular adhesion was also enhanced among cells treated with DBN, but not diphenylnitrosamine. These carcinogen-induced membrane alterations were diminished by treatment with cathepsin B1 inhibitors and were propagated during 14-day culture after the initial exposure to DBN. Fractionation of cells by selection for enhanced adhesiveness due to DBN exposure for 30 min elicited a rapidly dividing cell fraction very active in cathepsin B1 secretion as compared to their less adhesive counterparts. These results indicate that heritable membrane alterations and enhanced cell growth induced by DBN treatment are associated with increases in the activity of a leupeptin-sensitive proteinase at the external cell surface.
Metabolism of Levulinate in Perfused Rat Livers and Live Rats (2010)

Calcium levulinate (4-ketopentanoate) is used as an oral and parenteral source of calcium. We hypothesized that levulinate is converted in the liver to 4-hydroxypentanoate, a new drug of abuse, and that this conversion is accelerated by ethanol oxidation. We confirmed these hypotheses in live rats, perfused rat livers, and liver subcellular preparations. Levulinate is reduced to (R)-4-hydroxypentanoate by a cytosolic and a mitochondrial dehydrogenase, which are NADPH- and NADH-dependent, respectively. A mitochondrial dehydrogenase or racemase system also forms (S)-4-hydroxypentanoate. In livers perfused with [(13)C(5)]levulinate, there was substantial CoA trapping in levulinyl-CoA, 4-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA, and 4-phosphopentanoyl-CoA. This CoA trapping was increased by ethanol, with a 6-fold increase in the concentration of 4-phosphopentanoyl-CoA. Levulinate is catabolized by 3 parallel pathways to propionyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and lactate. Most intermediates of the 3 pathways were identified by mass isotopomer analysis and metabolomics. The production of 4-hydroxypentanoate from levulinate and its stimulation by ethanol is a potential public health concern.
Molecular interactions in the model lipoprotein complex formed between glucagon and dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular interactions in the model lipoprotein complex formed between glucagon and dimyristoylglycerophosphocholineRichard M. Epand, Andrew J. S. Jones, and Brian SayerCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 20, 4360–4368Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00639a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00639a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Statistical Basis for Objective Measurement of Speech Levels (1965)

First-order probability distributions of speech amplitudes are studied to establish a theoretical basis for obtaining a measure of speech level. The logarithm of the long-term waveform of the speech envelope is found to be approximately uniformly distributed above a threshold. The average peak level (apl) is obtained by taking the time average of the log of the envelope waveform and deriving from it the peak of the log-uniform distribution which would have produced the same average. A theoretical analysis of various properties of the apl indicates that, within certain bounds, the apl satisfies a postulated set of requirements of an “ideal” speech level measure. A critical requirement is that the measure remain independent of the value of a threshold employed by a speech detector in the measuring device. It appears that variation in the threshold can typically change the apl by about one db. The Digital Speech Level Meter is described as an instrumentation of the technique used to obtain the apl. Measurements made with this meter are easily obtained and very repeatable, and are in general agreement with theoretical predictions.
Future proof IoT: Composable semantics, security, QoS and reliability (2017)

IETF impressively defined internet interoperation across 30 years of unforeseeable syntax API. IOT needs similar future proof, but for connected things' composable semantics, security, reliability and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper overviews these with simplifying tradeoffs from a bottom up approach using Data Distribution Service (DDS). Then high level semantic additions to DDS are suggested for semantics that are backward compatible, while maintaining the security, reliability and QoS of DDS. Finally, further work is suggested toward out-of-the-box composability and interoperability between common IoT data models and compliant solutions.
Zn disordering of a Ga0.5In0.5P-(Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>)0.5In0.5P quantum well heterostructure grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1989)

It is well established by now that epitaxial layers of (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P and Ga0.5In0.5P grown on (001) GaAs substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at temperatures below 700 °C show an ordered arrangement of the group III atoms on the column III sublattice, resulting in a shift of the band gap to lower energies by ≊90 meV. In this letter we show that an (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P-Ga0.5In0.5P quantum well heterostructure containing the ordered phase can be converted to random alloy by a relatively short sealed-tube zinc diffusion at a temperature of 600 °C, without affecting the dimensional or compositional stability of the quantum well. Complete intermixing of the quantum well with the cladding layers occurs at diffusion times longer than that required to disorder the column III ordered structure.
T‐cell activation occurs simultaneously in local and peripheral lymphoid tissue following oral administration of a range of doses of immunogenic or tolerogenic antigen although tolerized T cells display a defect in cell division (2002)

How the mucosal immune system promotes active immunity against harmful organisms but tolerance to commensal bacteria or dietary antigens is poorly understood. Thus, the antigen-presenting cell (APC), site of antigen presentation, and effector mechanisms responsible for oral priming and tolerance remain unclear. Characterizing differences between oral priming and tolerance may improve the exploitation of oral tolerance for therapeutic applications and aid the design of oral vaccines. To address these questions we compared the mucosal and systemic activation and localization of antigen-specific T cells during the induction of oral priming and tolerance. Activation marker expression and cell division by tg T cells was determined in conjunction with their anatomical location. These studies show that after feeding, T cells are activated in both peripheral and local lymphoid tissues within 6 hr, irrespective of the presence of adjuvant. Subsequently, T-cell accumulation can be detected simultaneously in peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches within 24 hr of feeding, but only after 3 days post feeding in the lamina propria. Primed and tolerized T cells adopted similar phenotypes as assessed by activation marker expression. However, within the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) tolerized T cells underwent significantly fewer divisions than primed T cells. Thus, T-cell activation and expansion occurs throughout the animal after feeding a range of doses of antigen, irrespective of whether priming or tolerance is the eventual outcome. However, the presence of an adjuvant enhances clonal expansion in the MLN while tolerized T cells display defective cell division.
High Speed Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Film. (1998)

A diamond-like carbon film is deposited on a 10 cm diameter silicon substrate with a deposition rate of about 100 Å/s, by using a microwave discharge plasma in an admixture of C2H4 and H2 gases. The film has the hardness between 15 and 25 GPa, the hydrogen content of about 10% and the Id/Ig of 0.68.
The CD3-Zeta Chimeric Antigen Receptor Overcomes TCR Hypo-Responsiveness of Human Terminal Late-Stage T Cells (2012)

Adoptive therapy of malignant diseases with tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells showed remarkable efficacy in recent trials. Repetitive T cell receptor (TCR) engagement of target antigen, however, inevitably ends up in hypo-responsive cells with terminally differentiated KLRG-1(+) CD57(+) CD7(-) phenotype limiting their therapeutic efficacy. We here revealed that hypo-responsiveness of CMV-specific late-stage CD8(+) T cells is due to reduced TCR synapse formation compared to younger cells. Membrane anchoring of TCR components contributes to T cell hypo-responsiveness since dislocation of galectin-3 from the synapse by swainsonine restored both TCR synapse formation and T cell response. Transgenic expression of a CD3-zeta signaling chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) recovered hypo-responsive T cells to full effector functions indicating that the defect is restricted to TCR membrane components while synapse formation of the transgenic CAR was not blocked. CAR engineered late-stage T cells released cytokines and mediated redirected cytotoxicity as efficiently as younger effector T cells. Our data provide a rationale for TCR independent, CAR mediated activation in the adoptive cell therapy to avoid hypo-responsiveness of late-stage T cells upon repetitive antigen encounter.
The Emerging Technique of the Antiptosis Subdermal Suspension Thread (2004)

Our case study strongly suggests that the Aptos subdermal suspension thread technique provides an effective and much safer alternative to current facioplasty procedures for facial rejuvenation.
Rational Design of Nanostructured Copper–Zinc Oxide Catalysts for the Steam Reforming of Methanol (2003)

Getting under the surface of aging: The bulk structure of copper nanoparticles can be tailored during the preparation by exploiting known structure–activity relationships. Ageing of freshly precipitated precursors leads to characteristic phase transitions and enables control of microstrain and particle size (see picture) properties which influence catalytic activity.
Auto-threshold peak detection in physiological signals (2005)

In processing physiological signals, it is often necessary to detect periodic, local maxima. There are a variety of peak detection algorithms, but most require a threshold value in order to distinguish peaks from the rest of the data. This brief paper presents implementation of a peak detection algorithm using Matlab/spl copy/ and introduces an innovative method for estimating the threshold value.
Simultaneous Image Registration and Monocular Volumetric Reconstruction of a Fluid Flow (2011)

We propose to combine image registration and volumetric reconstruction from a monocular video of a draining off Hele-Shaw cell filled with water. A Hele-Shaw cell is a tank whose depth is small (e.g. 1 mm) compared to the other dimensions (e.g. 400 800 mm 2 ). We use a technique known as molecular tagging which consists in marking by photobleaching a pattern in the fluid and then tracking its deformations. The evolution of the pattern is filmed with a camera whose principal axis coincides with the depth of the cell. The velocity of the fluid along this direction is not constant. Consequently, tracking the pattern cannot be achieved with classical methods because what is observed is the integration of the marked molecules over the entire depth of the cell. The proposed approach is built on top of classical direct image registration in which we incorporate a volumetric image formation model. It allows us to accurately measure the motion and the velocity profiles for the entire volume (including the depth of the cell) which is something usually hard to achieve. The results we obtain are consistent with the theoretical hydrodynamic behaviour for this flow which is known as the laminar Poiseuille flow.
Phase IB pharmacokinetic (PK) study of Src kinase inhibitor AZD0530 plus anastrozole in postmenopausal hormone receptor positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (2010)

e13074 Background: cSrc is overexpressed/activated in ∼70% of primary human BC. Src phosphorylates p27 reducing its inhibitory function toward cyclin E-Cdk2, thereby facilitating p27 degradation. AZD0530 is a potent, orally available inhibitor of Abl and Src family kinases. Preclinical data indicate AZD0530 cooperates with anastrozole to inhibit BC cell growth in vitro and in vivo (Chen, et al., Clin Cancer Res 2009). We hypothesized that Src inhibition will augment p27 to promote antiproliferative effects of anastrozole in HR+ BC. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, open label phase IB study. Target population: postmenopausal HR+ relapsed or MBC candidates for aromatase inhibitors. Key inclusion: postmenopausal females, age ≥ 18, advanced or locally relapsed HR+ measurable/evaluable (RECIST) disease, ECOG 0-2, informed consent. Cohorts of 3 patients were initiated with AZD0530 175 mg PO/day in combination with anastrozole 1mg PO daily in a planned dose de-escalation study design with subsequent cohort expansion to 12 subjects for PK assessment at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after initiation of AZD0530. Results: In 12 patients enrolled, AZD0530 plus anastrozole was well tolerated (no dose limiting toxicities) without need for dose de-escalation. Drug-related adverse events: grade 3 lymphopenia (N=3), neutropenia (N=2), and anemia (N=1); reversible grade 1/2 transaminase elevation (N=9). Serious adverse events were observed in 2 patients (urosepsis and CNS hemorrhage due to CNS metastasis), neither considered drug-related. PK assessment: mean day 21 serum concentration = 298±38.4 ng/ml and 51±5.6 ng/ml for AZD0530 and anastrozole, respectively. Clinical efficacy: There were no objective clinical responses. Notably, patients with bone metastasis reported improvement in bone pain, and 2 patients had prolonged disease stability (>7 and 10 months). Conclusions: Src kinase inhibition with AZD0530 combined with anastrozole was well tolerated without significant PK interaction at the recommended phase II dose. A randomized phase II study of this combination is currently underway in the neoadjuvant setting. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca AstraZeneca
Refactoring the JUnit framework using aspect-oriented programming (2005)

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) has been proposed as a complementary modularization technique to the existing object-oriented techniques. AOP encourages the modular development of complex software by providing support for cleanly separating the basic system functionality from its crosscutting concerns. Since, AOP aims to improve the maintainability and reusability of OO software systems, it is necessary to develop case studies that enable us to evaluate: (i) how it can be used in conjunction with existing OO techniques; and (ii) how it can be used to modularize specific software features better than OO techniques. In this work, we present the refactoring of the JUnit object-oriented framework using the AspectJ programming language. The modularization of specific features of the JUnit framework using AspectJ has brought benefits to the understanding and maintainability of the framework, as well as to implement more flexible extensions.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Solid Lubricant Thin Films (2005)

Tungsten disulphide (WS2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), which belong to the family of transition metal dichalcogenides, are well known for their solid lubricating behavior. Thin films of MoS2 and WS2 exhibit extremely low coefficient of friction (COF ∼0.02 to 0.05) in dry environments, and are typically applied by sputter deposition, pulsed laser ablation, evaporation or chemical vapor deposition, which are essentially either line-of-sight or high temperature processes. With these techniques it is difficult to coat surfaces shadowed from the target, or uniformly coat sidewalls of three-dimensional or high aspect ratio structures. For applications such as micromechanical (MEMS) devices, where dimensions and separation tolerances are small, and aspect ratios are large, these traditional deposition techniques are inadequate. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a chemical vapor deposition technique that could overcome many of these problems by using sequential introduction of gaseous precursors and selective surface chemistry to achieve controlled growth at lower temperatures, but the chemistry needed to grow transition metal dichalcogenide films by ALD is not known.
Long-term optical imaging of intrinsic signals in anesthetized and awake monkeys (2007)

Some exciting new efforts to use intrinsic signal optical imaging methods for long-term studies in anesthetized and awake monkeys are reviewed. The development of such methodologies opens the door for studying behavioral states such as attention, motivation, memory, emotion, and other higher-order cognitive functions. Long-term imaging is also ideal for studying changes in the brain that accompany development, plasticity, and learning. Although intrinsic imaging lacks the temporal resolution offered by dyes, it is a high spatial resolution imaging method that does not require application of any external agents to the brain. The bulk of procedures described here have been developed in the monkey but can be applied to the study of surface structures in any in vivo preparation.
<title>Development and evaluation of a real-time three-dimensional CT (4D-CT) scanner</title> (2002)

4D-CT scanner is a high-speed cone-beam CT with good low- contrast detectability. In a single rotation, a voxel data set with higher spatial resolution over a wide z-axis can be obtained. Using continuous rotation, temporarily continuous voxel data sets and 3D dynamic images can be acquired. We have developed a 4D-CT prototype system using a large area 2D detector with high speed rotating gantry. The key technologies for 4D-CT scanner are a large area 2D detector, high-speed and continuous rotating gantry with high-speed data transfer. The full size 2D detector for prototype system has 912 channels, 256 detector rows for 0.5 mm slice thickness, and the sampling speed is 900 view/s. The rotation speed of the gantry is 1.0 s/rotation, and the speed of the data transfer system must be more than 5Gbps. The data transfer system consists of laser diode and photo diode. We have got real-time volume images of crayfish, moving jaw and breathing lung. We will start clinical research at next stage, and continue to improve the image quality.
Distinct neural mechanisms for the prosocial and rewarding properties of MDMA (2019)

The extensively abused recreational drug (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has shown promise as an adjunct to psychotherapy for treatment-resistant psychiatric disease. It is unknown, however, whether the mechanisms underlying its prosocial therapeutic effects and abuse potential are distinct. We modeled both the prosocial and nonsocial drug reward of MDMA in mice and investigated the mechanism of these processes using brain region-specific pharmacology, transgenic manipulations, electrophysiology, and in vivo calcium imaging. We demonstrate in mice that MDMA acting at the serotonin transporter within the nucleus accumbens is necessary and sufficient for MDMA's prosocial effect. MDMA's acute rewarding properties, in contrast, require dopaminergic signaling. MDMA's prosocial effect requires 5-HT1b receptor activation and is mimicked by <i>d</i>-fenfluramine, a selective serotonin-releasing compound. By dissociating the mechanisms of MDMA's prosocial effects from its addictive properties, we provide evidence for a conserved neuronal pathway, which can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutics with limited abuse liability.