gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Camel Adaptive Immune Receptors Repertoire as a Singular Example of Structural and Functional Genomics (2019)

The adaptive immune receptors repertoire is highly plastic, with its ability to produce antigen-binding molecules and select those with high affinity for their antigen. Species have developed diverse genetic and structural strategies to create their respective repertoires required for their survival in the different environments. Camelids, until now, considered as a case of evolutionary innovation because of their only heavy-chain antibodies, represent a new mammalian model particularly useful for understanding the role of diversity in the immune system function. Here, we review the structural and functional characteristics and the current status of the genomic organization of camel immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, α/ß and γ/δ T cell receptors (TR), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In camelid humoral response, in addition to the conventional antibodies, there are IG with "only-heavy-chain" (no light chain, and two identical heavy gamma chains lacking CH1 and with a VH domain designated as VHH). The unique features of these VHH offer advantages in biotechnology and for clinical applications. The TRG and TRD rearranged variable domains of <i>Camelus dromedarius</i> (Arabian camel) display somatic hypermutation (SHM), increasing the intrinsic structural stability in the γ/δ heterodimer and influencing the affinity maturation to a given antigen similar to immunoglobulin genes. The SHM increases the dromedary γ/δ repertoire diversity. In <i>Camelus</i> genus, the general structural organization of the TRB locus is similar to that of the other artiodactyl species, with a pool of <i>TRBV</i> genes positioned at the 5' end of three in tandem D-J-C clusters, followed by a single <i>TRBV</i> gene with an inverted transcriptional orientation located at the 3' end. At the difference of TRG and TRD, the diversity of the TRB variable domains is not shaped by SHM and depends from the classical combinatorial and junctional diversity. The MHC locus is located on chromosome 20 in <i>Camelus dromedarius</i>. Cytogenetic and comparative whole genome analyses revealed the order of the three major regions "Centromere-ClassII-ClassIII-ClassI". Unexpectedly low extent of polymorphisms and haplotypes was observed in all Old World camels despite different geographic origins.
The performance impact of scheduling for cache affinity in parallel network processing (2002)

We explore processor-cache affinity scheduling of parallel network protocol processing, in a setting in which protocol processing executes on a shared-memory multiprocessor concurrently with a general workload of non-protocol activity. We find that affinity-based scheduling can significantly reduce the communication delay associated with protocol processing, enabling the host to support a greater number of concurrent streams and to provide higher maximum throughput to individual streams. In addition, we compare the performance of two parallelization alternatives, locking and independent protocol stacks (IPS), with very different caching behaviors. We find that IPS (which maximizes cache affinity) delivers much lower message latency and significantly higher message throughput capacity, yet exhibits less robust response to infra-stream burstiness and limited intra-stream scalability.
Advanced high speed packet access receiver for WCDMA multicode transmissions with high-order modulation (2003)

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is underway, supporting the evolution of third-generation systems to meet the rapidly developing needs for high data rates. High order modulation has been proposed for the adaptive modulation and coding sets to increase the transmission data rate for users with high signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio. However, high order modulation is significantly less robust to noise, interference, and channel estimation errors. An advanced HSDPA receiver using equalized parallel interference cancellation is presented to suppress the interference. Link level simulations for WCDMA multicode transmissions in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels indicate significant performance advantages over conventional RAKE receiver with only 2-3 times complexity increase.
A Speculative Picture of the Delignification Process (1977)

It is currently accepted that lignin in the cell wall of wood is a crosslinked three-dimensional polymer which forms an amorphous matrix in which the cellulosic material is embedded. During delignification the network is broken down by the action of chemicals and the lignin is dissolved as macromolecules of approximately spherical shape in a wide range of sizes (1). In the present report a closer look is taken at the network concept of lignin in the light of certain recent findings concerning the ultrastructural arrangement of lignin in the wood cell wall (2). In 1938 Bailey (3) published photomicrographs which clearly showed that the cell wall of wood was lamellar in nature. More recently, by an elegant application of dimensional analysis, Stone, Scallan and Ahlgren (4) showed that the lignin in the cell wall is arranged in a laminar fashion. From a careful electron microscopic study, Kerr and Goring (2)
Relationships between Macroscopic Paper Structure and Water-Aabsorption Behavior (2008)

紙のマクロな構造は，いろいろな意味での紙の挙動に影響する。本研究では，紙のマクロな構造と吸水挙動の関係を検討した。坪量，叩解の程度及びウェットプレス条件を変えることにより，マクロな構造の異なる市販広葉樹クラフトパルプの試験用手すき紙を調製した。これらの試料について構造的な特性及び吸水特性を調べた。水との接触角を測定した結果は，自動走査吸液計の結果と同様の傾向を示した。吸水挙動は紙の表面構造に対する高い依存性を示した。平滑な表面ほど，水滴は横に広がりやすく，接触面積が増加する傾向があった。紙の表面構造を変えるどのような調製条件の場合でも，紙の表面平滑性の変化で一貫して説明できるような吸水特性を示した。表面化学的には，坪量の増加はサイズ剤であるAKDの歩留まりを向上させ，水との接触角は大きくなった。
Studies on carbuterol (SK & F 40383-A), a new selective bronchodilator agent. (1974)

Carbuterol—[5-[2-( tert .-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl] urea hydrochloride, SKF Lands, A. M., et al . Nature (London) 214: 596-598, 1967, Life Sci. 6: 2241-2249, 1967). Although carbuterol was similar in bronchodilator potency to isoproterenol, its relative vasodepressor potency was much less, thereby demonstrating a further selectivity of action. At equiactive aerosol bronchodilator doses, the duration of action of carbuterol was at least 10 times that of isoproterenol, and its oral bronchodilator activity was also more prolonged. In general, carbuterol was approximately equivalent to salbutamol in bronchodilator potency, duration of action and degree of separation between bronchodilator and cardiovascular-stimulant activity, except that carbuterol exhibited a somewhat greater separation than salbutamol in doses producing bronchodilation and cardiac stimulation after oral administration in conscious guinea pigs. Acute toxicity studies in mice, rats and guinea pigs indicated a wide safety margin for carbuterol. The results demonstrate that carbuterol, administered either orally or by aerosol, is a selective bronchodilator in animals and suggest it to be a potentially useful agent in man.
Escaping from Flatland: Substituted Bridged Pyrrolidine Fragments with Inherent Three-Dimensional Character (2020)

The pressure to deliver new medicines to the patient continues to grow along with increases in compound failure rate, thus putting the current R&D model at risk. Analysis has shown that increasing the three-dimensionality of potential drug candidates decreases the risk of failure and improves binding selectivity and frequency. For this reason many workers have taken a new look at the power of photochemistry as a means to generate novel sp<sup>3</sup> rich scaffolds for use in drug discovery programs. Here we report the design, synthesis, and computational structural analysis of a series of 2,4-methanoprolines having inherent 3D character (PMI and PBF scores) significantly higher than that of the broader AbbVie Rule of 3 (Ro3) collection.
An improved micro-spot cathode-ray tube (1970)

The addition of a magnetic lens to the electron gun of a micro-spot double-crossover cathode-ray tube gives a major increase in performance by raising the light output and eliminating the effects of unwanted secondary-electron emission. The resulting improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, when using the tube in a flying-spot scanner, is expressed by means of a figure-of-merit which includes light output and spot size measurements. Practical results are given for three types of cathode-ray tube.
Use of Krill Hydrolysate as a Feed Attractant for Fish Larvae and Juveniles (2000)

Abstract.— We determined the effect of krill hydrolysate as a feed attractant in three freshwater fish species: yellow perch Perca flavescens . walleye Stizostedion vitreium . and lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis . Growth trials were conducted using a commercial trout starter diet (control) and the diet that was coated with liquid krill hydrolysate. The krill hydrolysate coated diet increased growth of yellow perch juveniles by 31% compared to control diet (average final wet weight, 734 ± 33 mg and 559 ± 82 mg, respectively). Moreover. weight gains were not significantly different than for tish Id exclusively live Artemiu nauplii. Similar results were obtained with walleye juveniles fed either a trout starter diet or 5% krill hydrolysate coated diet (8.9 ± 0.25 g and 11.6 ± 5.1 g wet weight, respectively). The food conversion ratio (FCR) was lower in fish fed the control diet, although not significantly different (2.95 ± 0.18 and 3.69 ± 0.39. for control and coated diet. respectively). The effect of krill hydrolysate on dry diet ingestion rates of lake whitefish and yellow perch larvae was also determined using radioactive ( 14 C) labelling. A commercial starter diet was coated with krill hydrolysate or the soluble fraction of krill hydrolysate was added to the experimental tank water. In both species. coating the diet with 5% krill hydrolysate resulted in significantly higher ingestion rates. Supplementation of krill hydrolysate soluble fraction to the tank water resulted in 200% increase in ingestion rate in comparison to control (uncoated starter diet), although it was not significantly different from krill coated diet and live Artemia nauplii ingestion rates.
IMAGE-BASED SPATIALIZATION (2012)

An approach to spatialization is described in which the pixels of an image determine both spatial and other attributes of individual elements in a multi-channel musical texture. The application of this technique in the author’s composition Spaced Images with Noise and Lines is discussed in detail. The relationship of this technique to existing image-to-sound mappings is discussed. The particular advantage of modifying spatial properties with image filters is considered.
A Conceptual Design of an Adaptive and Collaborative E-Work Environment (2007)

Emerging work models increasingly take the form of loosely structured, often self-organising networks of nimble and virtual knowledge work teams within and between organisations. To model such work patterns requires a different approach from that of traditional workflow management systems. This paper presents the conceptual design of a prototype adaptive and collaborative e-Work environment - e-Workbench, which we are currently developing to enable future collaborative workspaces to adapt to emerging knowledge work models. We argue that with appropriate knowledge of tasks, workspaces will be able to adapt to work, and automatically retrieve contextually relevant knowledge elements from the Web in order to contribute creatively to problem solving and semantically manage shared information among collaborating workers. Our goal is to enable e-Workbench to become, not only a working environment but also, a collaborator and a co-worker as a result of its knowledge of work and creative participation in problem solving
Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Promoting Medium for Fixation of CO<sub>2</sub>:  Clean Synthesis of α-Methylene Cyclic Carbonates from CO<sub>2</sub> and Propargyl Alcohols Catalyzed by Metal Salts under Mild Conditions (2003)

Reactions of propargylic alcohols with CO(2) in a [BMIm][PhSO(3)]/CuCl catalytic system to produce the corresponding alpha-methylene cyclic carbonates were conducted with high yields. Mild reaction conditions, enhanced rates, improved yields, and recyclable ionic liquid catalyst systems are the remarkable features exhibited in this process. Furthermore, the use of large amounts of tertiary amines as well as nitrogen-containing organic solvent as employed in previously studies was avoided.
Error-free Group 3 facsimile terminal for cellular mobile telephone circuit (2003)

A Group 3 error-free facsimile terminal developed for use in the cellular radio network is described. The terminal uses a CCITT V.27ter modem with eight-phase differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation and an adaptive error control scheme developed for mobile telephone communication. An image data compression uses modified modified READ (MMR). The data transmission speed is 4800 b/s. The terminal can transmit a letter-size document (of the CCITT No. 1 chart) in 25 s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Near-Infrared Light Emitting Luciferase via Biomineralization (2010)

A new strategy based on biomineralization is presented to rationally tune the emission wavelength of luciferase. In this study luciferase (Luc8) was used as a template to direct the synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) light emitting PbS quantum dots (QDs) at ambient conditions to form a Luc8-PbS nanocomplex. The as-synthesized PbS QDs exhibited photoluminescence in the range of 800-1050 nm, and the Luc8 enzyme remained active within the Luc8-PbS complex. Upon the addition of the substrate coelenterazine, the energy produced by Luc8 was nonradiatively transferred to PbS QDs via bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and enabled the complex to emit NIR light. This is the first study to form dual functional bioinorganic hybrid nanostructures via active enzyme-templated synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials.
A Novel Cytotoxic Sequence Contributes to Influenza A Viral Protein PB1-F2 Pathogenicity and Predisposition to Secondary Bacterial Infection (2013)

Enhancement of cell death is a distinguishing feature of H1N1 influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 protein PB1-F2. Comparing the sequences (amino acids [aa] 61 to 87 using PB1-F2 amino acid numbering) of the PB1-F2-derived C-terminal peptides from influenza A viruses inducing high or low levels of cell death, we identified a unique I68, L69, and V70 motif in A/Puerto Rico/8/34 PB1-F2 responsible for promotion of the peptide's cytotoxicity and permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane. When administered to mice, a 27-mer PB1-F2-derived C-terminal peptide with this amino acid motif caused significantly greater weight loss and pulmonary inflammation than the peptide without it (due to I68T, L69Q, and V70G mutations). Similar to the wild-type peptide, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 elicited significantly higher levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice than its mutant counterpart 7 days after infection. Additionally, infection of mice with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 significantly enhanced the levels of morphologically transformed epithelial and immune mononuclear cells recruited in the airways compared with the mutant virus. In the mouse bacterial superinfection model, both peptide and virus with the I68, L69, and V70 sequence accelerated development of pneumococcal pneumonia, as reflected by increased levels of viral and bacterial lung titers and by greater mortality. Here we provide evidence suggesting that the newly identified cytotoxic sequence I68, L69, and V70 of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 PB1-F2 contributes to the pathogenesis of both primary viral and secondary bacterial infections.
New EPROM Data-Loss Mechanisms (1983)

Data-loss mechanisms in present-generation EPROMs have been studied. Defect-related data loss is primarily due to interpoly-oxide defects. This is a change from the previous generation and introduces a new EPROM failure mode--column data loss. Contamination-compensation is found to be due as much to field-driven motion as to diffusion, and one result is that contaminated regions can exhibit charge gain as well as charge loss. Intrinsic charge loss is attributed to detrapping of electrons from the oxide layers rather than to loss of stored charge, suggesting that with proper screening of defects EPROM data retention is effectively unlimited.
Utilization of cellulosic materials through enzymatic hydrolysis. I. Fermentation of hydrolysate to ethanol and single‐cell protein (1976)

Ethanol fermentation studies were conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC "4126, to determine the optimal conditions of oxygen tension and feed sugar concentration. In long-term continuous culture maximum ethanol production was found to occur at 0.07 mmHg oxygen tension and 10% glucose feed concentration. Preliminary process design and cost studies are developed for industrial scale fermentations to produce ethanol and torula yeast from sugars obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of newsprint.
Einleitung (1999)

Betriebliche Weiterbildung ist eine Investition der Unternehmung in das Wissen und die Fähigkeiten ihrer Mitarbeiter. Sie geschieht auf Veranlassung und Kosten der Unternehmung, die sich davon den Erwerb und die Erweiterung, die Festigung und die Vertiefung des unternehmerischen Wissens verspricht. Wurden in Deutschland Mitte der 70er Jahre 4 Milliarden DM und 1980 rund 8 Milliarden DM für die betriebliche Weiterbildung ausgegeben, so hat sich seitdem die Entwicklung dramatisch beschleunigt, und 1995 lagen die Ausgaben der privaten Wirtschaft für betriebliche Weiterbildung schon bei 36 Milliarden DM.1 Dabei kam es nicht nur zu einem starken quantitativen Anstieg, auch der Stellenwert der betrieblichen Weiterbildung und der Erwerb von Wissen allgemein hat für die Unternehmen stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Wissensintensive Unternehmen wie zum Beispiel der deutsche Softwarehersteller Sap haben mittlerweile im Hinblick auf die Börsenkapitalisierung mit Großkonzern wie Volkswagen gleichgezogen, und in den USA hat die Softwarefirma Microsoft den Industriekonzern Boeing übertroffen. Die Größe von Werkshallen und Verwaltungsgebäuden ist immer weniger ein Indikator für die Leistungsfähigkeit und Bedeutung eines Unternehmens.2 Statt dessen stellt Wissen einen zunehmend wichtigen Produktionsfaktor für die Unternehmen dar und bildet zugleich immer stärker die Grundlage für die unternehmerischen Organisa-tionsstrukturen und die damit verbundenen Kompetenzverteilungen. Beispielhaft wird dies in den aktuell stark diskutierten Managementkonzepten zum unternehmerischen Wissensmanagement und zum Lernen von Unternehmung deutlich.
Isoelectric focusing nonporous silica reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: a three‐dimensional liquid‐phase protein separation method as applied to the human erythroleukemia cell‐line (2001)

A liquid-phase three-dimensional protein separation method has been developed that is used to separate the cytosolic fraction of a HEL cell lysate via isoelectric focusing (IEF), nonporous silica (NPS) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOFMS), respectively. Several hundred unique protein molecular weights were observed in a pI range from 4.8 to 8.5 and a mass range from 5 to 85 kDa. Proteins were positively identified by analysis of the pI (+/-0.5 pI units), an intact protein molecular weight (+/-150 ppm), and peptide mass mapping results. Using the molecular weight (MW) and peptide mapping results of identified proteins it was possible to characterize their posttranslational (PTMs) and/or sequence modifications. PTMs were detected on both forms of cytosolic actin, heat shock 90 beta, HINT and alpha-enolase. Sequence modifications or conflicts were observed for beta-and gamma-actin, ATP beta-synthase and heat shock 90 beta. IEF-NPS-RP-HPLC/ESI-TOFMS was used to determine experimental pI, MW and relative hydrophobicity values for each protein detected. This data was used to generate a 2-D pI-MS protein map, where proteins are displayed according to their pI and molecular weight. Protein molecular weight peaks are represented as bands in the 2-D pI-MS image where the gray scale of each band is proportional to the intensity of the protein molecular weight peak. In addition, a third hydrophobicity dimension (%B) was added as the % acetonitrile elution to generate a 3-D pI-MS-%B plot where each protein can be tagged according to three parameters.
Simulation and Running Optimization Of Bus-piping Circulating Water System (2012)

Circulating water system,which was one of the most important auxiliary systems,impactes on the operation economy of power plants.For a lot of small units using bus-piping circulating water system,the operation management is extensive.The operation experiences are the basis of operation management.In order to decrease the running cost and increase automation level,the operation of bus-piping circulating water system was optimized based on the bus-piping circulating water system of one power plant.At first,the optimization objective function and optimization aim were established.Secondly,the power model of turbine and condenser pressure model were established.Thirdly,the optimization objective function was solved.The solution of the optimization objective function was the best operations of bus-piping circulating water system.At last,the optimization was analysed.The p practice proves that the optimization system can depress the power consumption and improve the economy of power plant.
Mouse Testis Brain RNA-Binding Protein/Translin Selectively Binds to the Messenger RNA of the Fibrous Sheath Protein Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-S and Suppresses Its Translation In Vitro1 (2003)

The testis brain RNA-binding protein (TB-RBP/translin) is a DNA- and RNA-binding protein with multiple functions. As an RNA-binding protein, TB-RBP binds to conserved sequence elements often present in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of specific mRNAs modulating their translation and transport. To identify additional mRNA targets of TB-RBP, immunoprecipitation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were carried out using an affinity-purified antibody to TB-RBP with testicular extracts. Gapds mRNA was found to be selectively precipitated in a TB-RBP-mRNA complex. Consistent with the delayed translation of GAPDS and the subcellular ribonucleoprotein location of TB-RBP, polysomal gradient analysis showed that most of the Gapds mRNA in adult testis extracts was present in the nonpolysomal fractions. In vitro translation assays revealed that Gapds mRNA translation was inhibited by recombinant TB-RBP or by a TB-RBP mutant protein, Nb, capable of binding RNA. No inhibition was seen with mutant forms of TB-RBP lacking domains required for RNA binding, including the TB-RBP Cb mutant and the C-terminal-truncated form of TB-RBP that disrupts the leucine zipper. As an additional indicator of the specificity of TB-RBP inhibition of Gapds mRNA translation, a putative TB-RBP binding H-element was deleted from the 5' UTR of the Gapds mRNA. No translational inhibition by recombinant TB-RBP was seen with Gapds mRNA lacking the H element. These data suggest that TB-RBP is involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of Gapds gene expression during spermiogenesis. Moreover, the Gapds mRNA is the first mRNA shown to have a functional TB-RBP binding site in its 5' UTR.