gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiocyanate in Saliva and Sputum (1970)

Saliva and “sputum” samples were collected from asbestos and pesticide workers and from normal persons, both smokers and nonsmokers. The levels of thiocyanate in saliva (micrograms per milliliter ± SE) were as follows: Asbestos workers, 32.0 ± 4.0 (nonsmokers), 185.8 ± 18.7 (smokers); pesticide workers, 38.8 ± 5.5 (nonsmokers), 133.5 ± 15.3 (smokers). Because of fluctuations in the daily excretion of salivary thiocyanate, the values for both smokers and nonsmokers in normal persons do not provide a satisfactory control for the industrial groups. True sputum obtained by bronchoscopy from smokers and nonsmokers was eventually shown to be free of thiocyanate. This was confirmed by the analysis of authentic sputum samples obtained from persons at postmortem examination.
The adaptation of perceptrons with applications to inverse dynamics identification of unknown dynamic systems (1991)

The authors propose a new class of adaptation algorithms for single- and multilayer perceptrons with discontinuous nonlinearities. The behavior of the proposed algorithms is shown on an application example and simulation results are included. The simulations were performed using the SIMNON package developed for purpose of simulation of nonlinear systems. The results can be used to control unknown dynamic systems using neural controllers. Indeed, many robust control algorithms utilize the inverse dynamics of the plant to be controlled. Thus, the proposed structures where the perceptrons are the inverse system model identifiers should constitute a part of the controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vitro activity of an ear rinse containing tromethamine, EDTA, and benzyl alcohol on bacterial pathogens from dogs with otitis (2006)

On the basis of results of this study, future studies should be performed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of ER alone as a treatment for otic infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus, P aeruginosa, and Proteus spp and of ER combined with an antimicrobial agent for otic infections caused by Staphylococcus spp.
Age-related changes in processing speed: unique contributions of cerebellar and prefrontal cortex (2010)

Age-related declines in processing speed are hypothesized to underlie the widespread changes in cognition experienced by older adults. We used a structural covariance approach to identify putative neural networks that underlie age-related structural changes associated with processing speed for 42 adults ranging in age from 19 to 79 years. To characterize a potential mechanism by which age-related gray matter changes lead to slower processing speed, we examined the extent to which cerebral small vessel disease influenced the association between age-related gray matter changes and processing speed. A frontal pattern of gray matter and white matter variation that was related to cerebral small vessel disease, as well as a cerebellar pattern of gray matter and white matter variation were uniquely related to age-related declines in processing speed. These results demonstrate that at least two distinct factors affect age-related changes in processing speed, which might be slowed by mitigating cerebral small vessel disease and factors affecting declines in cerebellar morphology.
Selecting a PRPG: randomness, primitiveness, or sheer luck? (2002)

The ability of randomness to constitute a quality measure in PRPG selection for logic BIST is investigated. Extensive correlation analyses performed on a rich set of pattern generators and benchmark circuits indicate that higher randomness is no guarantee of improved fault coverage in LFSM-based pseudo-random pattern generators. Further evaluation of fault coverage data indicates that the performance of PRPGs is dependent on both circuit particularities and the number of test patterns employed.
Relaxin stimulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in normal human endometrial cells in vitro and is associated with menometrorrhagia in women (1999)

Although the role of the reproductive hormone, relaxin, in rodents is well documented, its potential contribution to human reproduction is less well defined. In this study, we examine the effects of relaxin on human endometrial cells in vitro and describe the clinical effects of relaxin on menstrual flow in women. In cultured endometrial cells, relaxin specifically induces the expression of an angiogenic agent, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). cAMP is implicated as a second messenger involved in VEGF stimulation. VEGF expression is temporally regulated in the endometrium, and our results suggest that relaxin, which is secreted by the corpus luteum and is present in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, may be involved in regulating endometrial VEGF expression. Relaxin was recently tested in a clinical trial for efficacy in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis, and was administered at levels up to 10 times higher than that measured during pregnancy. The most frequent relaxin-related adverse event reported during the course of the study was the onset of menometrorrhagia, defined in this study as heavier-than-usual or irregular menstrual bleeding. The intensification of menstrual flow observed in these patients is consistent with the hypothesis that relaxin mediates neovascularization of the endometrial lining.
Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and Toll-like receptors (2006)

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans has a multilayered cell wall composed of an outer layer of proteins glycosylated with N- or O-linked mannosyl residues and an inner skeletal layer of beta-glucans and chitin. We demonstrate that cytokine production by human mononuclear cells or murine macrophages was markedly reduced when stimulated by C. albicans mutants defective in mannosylation. Recognition of mannosyl residues was mediated by mannose receptor binding to N-linked mannosyl residues and by TLR4 binding to O-linked mannosyl residues. Residual cytokine production was mediated by recognition of beta-glucan by the dectin-1/TLR2 receptor complex. C. albicans mutants with a cell wall defective in mannosyl residues were less virulent in experimental disseminated candidiasis and elicited reduced cytokine production in vivo. We concluded that recognition of C. albicans by monocytes/macrophages is mediated by 3 recognition systems of differing importance, each of which senses specific layers of the C. albicans cell wall.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN STARVATION ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES, PIGMENTS, AND ARACHIDONIC ACID CONTENT OF THE UNICELLULAR GREEN ALGA <i>PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA</i> (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)<sup>1</sup> (2007)

Spectral properties of cell suspensions, individual cells, and extracts of the unicellular green alga Parietochloris incisa (Reisigl) Shin Watan. grown under low light were studied. Long‐term nitrogen (N) deprivation resulted in a decrease of chloroplast volume, appearance of numerous large cytoplasmic oil bodies, and the deposition of triacylglycerols with a high proportion of arachidonic acid. Chlorophylls a and b underwent a synchronous decline, whereas carotenoids (Car) showed a relative increase. Simultaneously, significant qualitative changes in the spectral properties of P. incisa individual cells, cell extracts, and cell suspensions were observed. To a large extent, the spectral changes observed in cell suspension could be attributed to a decrease in overall pigment content, leading to a gradual weakening of the so‐called package effect and accumulation of additional amounts of Car over chl, most probably, in oil bodies. Several optical characteristics of cell suspensions could serve as sensitive indicators of N‐deficiency in P. incisa . Furthermore, the absorption ratios, A 476 / A 676 and A 650 / A 676, showed close correlations with the Car‐to‐chl ratio and relative arachidonic acid (AA) content, respectively. The latter makes it possible to suggest that the increase in AA percentage in P. incisa proceeds in parallel with a decrease in cell chl content, accounting for the weakening of the package effect. N‐replenishment resulted in complete recovery of cell optical properties. The possible significance of the changes in cell ultrastructure, pigments, lipids, and optical properties is discussed with special reference to the ability of algae to adapt to and survive under conditions of long‐term nutrient deficiency.
Evaluation of SAR in a human body model due to wireless power transmission in the 10 MHz band (2012)

This study discusses a computational method for calculating the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to a wireless power transmission system in the 10 MHz frequency band. A two-step quasi-static method comprised of the method of moments and the scalar potential finite-difference method are proposed. The applicability of the quasi-static approximation for localized exposure in this frequency band is discussed by comparing the SAR in a lossy dielectric cylinder computed with a full-wave electromagnetic analysis and the quasi-static approximation. From the computational results, the input impedance of the resonant coils was affected by the existence of the cylinder. On the other hand, the magnetic field distribution in free space and considering the cylinder and an impedance matching circuit were in good agreement; the maximum difference in the amplitude of the magnetic field was 4.8%. For a cylinder-coil distance of 10 mm, the difference between the peak 10 g averaged SAR in the cylinder computed with the full-wave electromagnetic method and our quasi-static method was 7.8%. These results suggest that the quasi-static approach is applicable for conducting the dosimetry of wireless power transmission in the 10 MHz band. With our two-step quasi-static method, the SAR in the anatomically based model was computed for different exposure scenarios. From those computations, the allowable input power satisfying the limit of a peak 10 g averaged SAR of 2.0 W kg(-1) was 830 W in the worst case exposure scenario with a coil positioned at a distance of 30 mm from the chest.
The effect of cholesterol‐lowering agents on hepatic and plasma cholesterol in Niemann‐Pick disease type C (1993)

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a neurovisceral lipidosis characterized by defective intracellular trafficking of cholesterol and lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol, believed to be an offending metabolite. We studied the effect of cholesterol-lowering agents on hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels in NP-C by randomly assigning 25 patients with NP-C to one of five treatment regimens containing different combinations of cholestyramine, lovastatin, nicotinic acid, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Unesterified cholesterol content was measured in liver biopsies before and after 4 months' treatment. All drug regimens except DMSO alone reduced hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels. Toxicity was limited and did not prevent any patient from completing the study. The combination of cholestyramine, lovastatin, and nicotinic acid lowered cholesterol levels in liver and blood with minimal side effects. A controlled clinical study will be necessary to determine if this regimen influences the rate of neurologic progression.
Three dimensional modeling of an MRI actuated steerable catheter system (2014)

This paper presents the three dimensional kinematic modeling of a novel steerable robotic ablation catheter system. The catheter, embedded with a set of current-carrying micro-coils, is actuated by the magnetic forces generated by the magnetic field of the MRI scanner. This paper develops a 3D model of the MRI actuated steerable catheter system by using finite differences approach. For each finite segment, a quasi-static torque-deflection equilibrium equation is calculated using beam theory. By using the deflection displacements and torsion angles, the kinematic modeling of the catheter system is derived. The proposed models are evaluated by comparing the simulation results of the proposed model with the experimental results of a proof-of-concept prototype.
A Facile Regiocontrol in the Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Fluorine-Containing Internal Alkynes with Variously Substituted 2-Iodoanilines:  A New Regioselective Synthesis of 2- or 3-Fluoroalkylated Indole Derivatives (2004)

Treatment of various types of fluoroalkylated alkynes with o-iodoaniline in the presence of Pd(PPh(3))(4) in DMF at 80 degrees C for 8 h mainly gave 2-fluoroalkylated indoles in high yields. The use of P(o-Tol)(3) instead of PPh(3) as a ligand led to the preferential formation of 3-fluoroalkylated indoles in high yields. Interestingly, the reaction of trifluoromethylated alkynes bearing a benzylic substituent afforded 2- or 3-trifluoroethylated indole derivatives in good yields.
Rapid generation of pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate strains using synthetic DNA (2011)

In the event of an influenza pandemic, the use of these approaches may significantly reduce the time required to generate and distribute the vaccine seed virus and vaccine manufacture. These approaches also offer the advantage of not needing to handle wild-type virus, potentially diminishing biocontainment requirements.
Subcarrier-index modulation OFDM (2009)

A new transmission approach, referred to as subcarrier-index modulation (SIM) is proposed to be integrated with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. More specifically, it relates to adding an additional dimension to the conventional two-dimensional (2-D) amplitude/phase modulation (APM) techniques, i.e. amplitude shift keying (ASK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The key idea of SIM is to employ the subcarrier-index to convey information to the receiver. Furthermore, a closed-form analytical bit error ratio (BER) of SIM OFDM in Rayleigh channel is derived. Analytical and simulation results show error probability performance gain of 4 dB over 4-QAM OFDM systems for both coded and uncoded data without power saving policy. Alternatively, power saving policy retains an average gain of 1 dB while using 3 dB less transmit power per OFDM symbol.
FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Biogenic Mn-Oxide Formation by<i>Pseudomonas putida</i>GB-1 (2005)

Biomineralization in heterogeneous aqueous systems results from a complex association between pre-existing surfaces, bacterial cells, extracellular biomacromolecules, and neoformed precipitates. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used in several complementary sample introduction modes (attenuated total reflectance [ATR], diffuse reflectance [DRIFT], and transmission) to investigate the processes of cell adhesion, biofilm growth, and biological Mn-oxidation by Pseudomonas putida strain GB-1. Distinct differences in the adhesive properties of GB-1 were observed upon Mn oxidation. No adhesion to the ZnSe crystal surface was observed for planktonic GB-1 cells coated with biogenic MnO x , whereas cell adhesion was extensive and a GB-1 biofilm was readily grown on ZnSe, CdTe, and Ge crystals prior to Mn-oxidation. IR peak intensity ratios reveal changes in biomolecular (carbohydrate, phosphate, and protein) composition during biologically catalyzed Mn-oxidation. In situ monitoring via ATR-FTIR of an active GB-1 biofilm and DRIFT data revealed an increase in extracellular protein (amide I and II) during Mn(II) oxidation, whereas transmission mode measurements suggest an overall increase in carbohydrate and phosphate moieties. The FTIR spectrum of biogenic Mn oxide comprises Mn-O stretching vibrations characteristic of various known Mn oxides (e.g., “acid” birnessite, romanechite, todorokite), but it is not identical to known synthetic solids, possibly because of solid-phase incorporation of biomolecular constituents. The results suggest that, when biogenic MnO x accumulates on the surfaces of planktonic cells, adhesion of the bacteria to other negatively charged surfaces is hindered via blocking of surficial proteins.
Long-Term Response of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis to Treatment with Lymphoblastoid Interferon Alfa-N1 (1991)

Patients with severe recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may have a sustained or repeated response to treatment with lymphoblastoid interferon alfa-n1. We recommend that patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who require surgery every two to three months be given a six-month trial of interferon alfa-n1.
Precursor Protein Is Readily Degraded in Mitochondrial Matrix Space if the Leader Is Not Processed by Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase (2007)

It is not known why leader peptides are removed by the mitochondrial processing peptidase after import into the matrix space. The leaders of yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase (pALDH) and malate dehydrogenase were mutated so that they would not be processed after import. The recombinant nonprocessed precursor of yeast pALDH possessed a similar specific activity as the corresponding mature form but was much less stable. The nonprocessed pALDH was transformed into a yeast strain missing ALDHs. The transformed yeast grew slowly on ethanol as the sole carbon source showing that the nonprocessed precursor was functional in vivo. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of precursor was 15-20% of that found in cells transformed with the native enzyme. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the turnover rate for the nonprocessed precursor was greater than that of the mature protein indicating that the nonprocessed precursor could have been degraded. By using carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, we showed that the nonprocessed precursor was degraded in the matrix space. The nonprocessed precursor forms of precursor yeast malate dehydrogenase and rat liver pALDH also were degraded in the matrix space of HeLa cell mitochondria faster than their corresponding mature forms. In the presence of o-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of mitochondrial processing peptidase, the wild type precursor was readily degraded in the matrix space. Collectively, this study showed that the precursor form is less stable in the matrix space than is the mature form and provides an explanation for why the leader peptide is removed from the precursors.
Analysis of Five Field Tests of Steamdrive Additives (1983)

Abstract CLD Technology, Inc. is developing additives to steam which are intended to increase both the economics and the amount of oil recovered in steam injection operations. CLD's initial project was started under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy in October 1979 for the express purpose of developing and demonstrating the efficiency of "foam blocks" to increase the efficiency of the steam drive. After extensive laboratory research and development and five field tests, it can now be concluded that the efficiency of the steam drive can indeed be increased in particular reservoirs by the use of the proper additives. Continued research has demonstrated that the particular additives being developed do alter injection profiles and increase the ability of steam to transport the heated crude oil. Employing a hypothesis concerning the mechanism by which oil is displaced by steam, superior additives have now been developed based on the results of laboratory screening tests.
Abstract 3062: miR-671-5p promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by downregulating FOXM1 expression in breast cancer (2015)

Abstract microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases including cancer. Our previous study showed that miR-671-5p was deregulated during breast cancer progression. We aim to decipher the functional mechanism of miR-671-5p in breast cancer. We found that expression of miR-671-5p was decreased significantly in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) compared to normal and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in the microdissected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), as an oncogenic transcription factor, was predicted as one of the direct targets of miR-671-5p, which was subsequently confirmed by luciferase assays. Forced expression of miR-671-5p in breast cancer cell lines downregulated FOXM1 expression, and attenuated the proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cell lines. Notably, overexpression of miR-671-5p resulted in a shift from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) phenotypes in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and induced S-phase arrest. Moreover, miR-671-5p sensitized breast cancer cells to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and epirubicin exposure. Host cell reactivation (HCR) assays showed that miR-671-5p reduces DNA repair capability in post-drug exposed breast cancer cells. These data indicates that miR-671-5p functions as a tumor suppressor miRNA by directly targeting FOXM1 in breast cancer. Hence, miR-671-5p may serve as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer management. Citation Format: Xiaohui Tan, Yebo Fu, Liang Chen, Shejuan An, Woojin Lee, Yinglei Lai, Katayoon Rezaei, Sana Tabbara, Christine B. Teal, Yan-gao Man, Robert Siegel, Rachel F. Brem, Sidney W. Fu. miR-671-5p promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by downregulating FOXM1 expression in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3062. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3062
Development of High-Precision and High-Performance Optics for Synchrotron X-rays. (2003)

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Avidities of IgG directed against viral capsid antigen or early antigen: Useful markers for significant epstein‐barr virus serology (1994)

Classical Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology can be misleading in some cases due to the variability of the viral capsid antigen (VCA)-IgM response, persistent or reactivated VCA-IgM, or loss of anti-EBNA-1 during suppression of the cellular immune system. Therefore, we studied the usefulness and significance of avidity determinations of VCA-IgG and EA-IgG to achieve unequivocal interpretation of serological results. Avidities of EBV capsid antigen-specific IgG (VCA-IgG) and early antigen-specific IgG (EA-IgG) were determined by indirect immunofluorescence during and after acute EBV infection. Low-avidity antibodies were removed from antigen-antibody complexes by incubation with 6 M urea for 3 minutes. The analysis of 105 sera taken at defined time spans with regard to the onset of clinical symptoms allowed us to determine the kinetics of maturation of avidity of VCA-IgG. All sera had low-avidity antibodies at the onset of disease. More than 90% of the sera showed an avidity index below 0.25 during the first 10 days after the onset of disease. Fifty percent of the sera exhibited an avidity index of 0.25 or above 20-30 days after the onset of clinical symptoms. Sera from past infections uniformly exhibited avidity indices of 0.5 or 1. Avidity of EA-IgG may still be low when avidity of VCA-IgG is already borderline or high, thus allowing further differentiation of acute and recent infections. Avidity determination represents an important additional marker of serology in classical cases and allows diagnosis in aberrant cases, such as acute infections with low or undetectable VCA-IgM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Slow light in non-magnetic materials with negative refractive index (2006)

We demonstrate that recently proposed non-magnetic materials with negative refractive index that rely on anisotropic dielectric response in a waveguide geometry, can support slow-light modes.