gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis (1995)

In the last chapter, we used a dipole model to provide a physical interpretation for the forces and torques exerted upon small particles by an electric field. An effective moment methodology was advanced for calculation of the dipole and higher-order multipolar forces. We extended this method to heterogeneous particles, that is, concentrically layered spherical shells, and to particles with dielectric and/or ohmic losses. With this necessary modeling framework now at our disposal, we direct our attention to the phenomenology of dielectrophoresis. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) refers to the force exerted on the induced dipole moment of an uncharged dielectric and/or conductive particle by a nonuniform electric field. This book's early focus on DEP serves as acknowledgment that the dipole force term predominates over higher-order multipolar components in the electromechanics of particles except in the case of a particle located near a field null or in the strongly nonuniform electric field of another closely spaced particle. Dielectrophoresis is technologically important in its own right, as evidenced by the number of applications in such scientific and technical fields as biophysics, bioengineering, electrorheological fluids, and mineral separation.
Group Interaction Analysis in Dynamic Context$^{\ast}$ (2008)

Computer understanding of human actions and interactions is one of the key research issues in human computing. In this regard, context plays an essential role in semantic understanding of human behavioral and social signals from sensor data. This paper put forward an event-based dynamic context model to address the problems of context awareness in the analysis of group interaction scenarios. Event-driven multilevel dynamic Bayesian network is correspondingly proposed to detect multilevel events, which underlies the context awareness mechanism. Online analysis can be achieved, which is superior over previous works. Experiments in our smart meeting room demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Enhancing Whole-Frame Error Concealment with an Intra Motion Vector Estimator in H.264/AVC (2006)

The novel H.264/AVC video coding specification provides a significant improvement in terms of coding efficiency compared to previous standards. In certain streaming scenarios, the problem of whole-frame loss concealment can arise when using H.264/AVC. Two different algorithms have been proposed to conceal a lost image, based on the optical flow concept. In a real streaming scenario, an encoder usually introduces some kind of intra refresh policy that can insert trouble concealment algorithms leaving gaps in the motion vector field used for reference. We discuss the advantages of introducing a motion vector estimator for such intra coded regions.
Fluorinated Oils as Experimental Vitreous Substitutes (1986)

Two kinds of fluorinated oils (a fluorosilicone oil and a perfluoroether [Freon E15]) that have a higher density than water were evaluated as long-term vitreous substitutes. Vitreous compression using perfluoropropane gas was performed to create a space for the vitreous substitute in rabbit eyes. Two fluorosilicone oils (1000 and 10 000 centistokes) induced edema of the inner retinal layers and occasionally of the outer retinal layers regardless of viscosity or period of observation up to six months, but they were well tolerated clinically. Control eyes injected with silicone oils of comparable viscosities showed similar histopathologic findings. Freon E15 induced formation of bubbles and precipitates by one month after injection, and retinal disorganization, formation of preretinal membranes, and tractional retinal detachment by six months. Thus, Freon E15 proved to be unsuitable, but fluorosilicone oil is a possible high-density vitreous substitute.
Room-temperature 2.5 μm InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb diode lasers emitting 1 W continuous waves (2002)

We have characterized 2.5-μm-wavelength InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb two-quantum-well diode lasers that emit 1 W continuous waves from a 100-μm-wide aperture at a temperature of 12 °C. The threshold current density is 250 A/cm2, and the external quantum efficiency near threshold is 0.36. The wall–plug efficiency reaches a maximum of 12% at a current of 2 A. Operating in the pulsed-current mode, the devices output nearly 5 W at 20 °C. These lasers exhibit internal losses of about 4 cm−1 and differential series resistances of about 0.1 Ω. A broad-waveguide design lowers internal losses, and highly doped transition regions between the cladding layers and the GaSb reduces series resistance.
The Influence of Noble Metal Alloy Additions on the Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Titanium (1959)

Alloying of titanium with small amounts of noble metals markedly improves its corrosion resistance in reducing‐type acids without any impairment of its high resistance to oxidizing media. The mixed potentials of titanium noble metal alloys are more noble than the critical potential for passivity of titanium in the same environment. Passivity is observed in hydrogen‐saturated systems without the presence of a redox system more oxidizing than the hydrogen electrode. The mixed potential of titanium noble metal alloys is much more sensitive to traces of oxidizing agents than unalloyed metal.
Optimal Transcoding and Caching for Adaptive Streaming in Media Cloud: an Analytical Approach (2015)

Nowadays, large-scale video distribution feeds a significant fraction of the global Internet traffic. However, existing content delivery networks may not be cost efficient enough to distribute adaptive video streaming, mainly due to the lack of orchestration on storage, computing, and bandwidth resources. In this paper, we leverage Media Cloud to deliver on-demand adaptive video streaming services, where those resources can be dynamically scheduled in an on-demand fashion. Our objective is to minimize the total operational cost by optimally orchestrating multiple resources. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem, by examining a three-way tradeoff between the caching, transcoding, and bandwidth costs, at each edge server. Then, we adopt a two-step approach to analytically derive the closed-form solution of the optimal transcoding configuration and caching space allocation, respectively, for every edge server. Finally, we verify our solution throughout extensive simulations. The results indicate that our approach achieves significant cost savings compared with the existing methods used in content delivery networks. In addition, we also find the optimal strategy and its benefits can be affected by a list of system parameters, including the unit cost of different resources, the hop distance to the origin server, the Zipf parameter of users' request patterns, and the settings of different bitrate versions for one segment.
Nonlocality in Quantum Computing (1998)

The operation of a quantum computer is inherently nonlocal due to the entanglement of separated quantum gates. This paper is concerned instead with the use of nonlocal effects to construct the quantum gates themselves. A nonlocal interaction in which pairs of atoms exchange two photons is expected to produce a large nonlinear phase shift. An interesting feature of this effect is that energy is not conserved at the location of an individual atom but it is conserved overall. The preliminary results from a series of experiments in a sodium vapor cell are in apparent agreement with the predictions of the theory. These nonlinear phase shifts can be used to construct quantum logic gates, such as a Controlled-NOT.
Molecularly targeted therapies for malignant glioma: rationale for combinatorial strategies (2009)

Median survival of patients with malignant glioma (MG) from time of diagnosis is approximately 1 year, despite surgery, irradiation and conventional chemotherapy. Improving patient outcome relies on our ability to develop more effective therapies that are directed against the unique molecular aberrations within a patient's tumor. Such molecularly targeted therapies may provide novel treatments that are more effective than conventional chemotherapeutics. Recently developed therapeutic strategies have focused on targeting several core glioma signaling pathways, including pathways mediated by growth-factors, PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK and other vital pathways. However, given the molecular diversity, heterogeneity and diverging and converging signaling pathways associated with MG, it is unlikely that any single agent will have efficacy in more than a subset of tumors. Overcoming these therapeutic barriers will require multiple agents that can simultaneously inhibit these processes, providing a rationale for combination therapies. This review summarizes the currently implemented single-agent and combination molecularly targeted therapies for MG.
The Role of Fibroblasts in Complex Fractionated Electrograms During Persistent/Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (2011)

Fibroblast proliferation in atria might be responsible for the genesis of CFAEs during persistent/permanent AF. Our findings could contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying CFAE-targeted AF ablation.
Increased substrate oxidation and mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle of endurance-trained individuals (2008)

Endurance exercise training is accompanied by physiological changes that improve muscle function and performance. Several studies have demonstrated that markers of mitochondrial capacity are elevated, however, these studies tend to be performed ex vivo under conditions that yield maximal enzyme activities or in vivo but monitoring the response to exercise. Therefore, it is unclear whether basal mitochondrial metabolism is affected by exercise training. To explore whether resting muscle metabolism was altered in trained individuals in vivo, two independent parameters of metabolic function-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux (V(TCA)), and ATP synthesis (V(ATP))-were assessed noninvasively by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a cohort of young endurance trained subjects (n = 7) and a group of matched sedentary subjects (n = 8). V(TCA) was 54% higher in the muscle of endurance trained compared with sedentary subjects (91.7 +/- 7.6 vs. 59.6 +/- 4.9 nmol/g/min, P < 0.01); however, V(ATP) was not different between the trained and sedentary subjects (5.98 +/- 0.43 vs. 6.35 +/- 0.70 mumol/g/min, P = 0.67). The ratio V(ATP)/V(TCA) (an estimate of mitochondrial coupling) was also significantly reduced in trained subjects (P < 0.04). These data demonstrate that basal mitochondrial substrate oxidation is increased in the muscle of endurance trained individuals yet energy production is unaltered, leading to an uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation at rest. Increased mitochondrial uncoupling may represent another mechanism by which exercise training enhances muscle insulin sensitivity via increased fatty acid oxidation in the resting state.
Radiobiologic principles in radionuclide therapy. (2005)

Although the general radiobiologic principles underlying external beam therapy and radionuclide therapy are the same, there are significant differences in the radiobiologic effects observed in mammalian cells. External beam and brachytherapy emissions are composed of photons, whereas radiations of interest in radionuclide therapy are particulate. The special features that characterize the biologic effects consequent to the traversal of charged particles through mammalian cells are explored with respect to DNA lesions and cellular responses. Information about the ways in which these radionuclides are used to treat cancers in experimental models are highlighted.
Eradication of colorectal xenografts by combined radioimmunotherapy and combretastatin a-4 3-O-phosphate. (2001)

Solid tumors have a heterogeneous pathophysiology, which has a major impact on therapy. Using SW1222 colorectal xenografts grown in nude mice, we have shown that antibody-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) effectively treated the well-perfused tumor rim, producing regressions for approximately 35 days, but was less effective at the more hypoxic center. By 72 h after RIT, the number of apoptotic cells rose from an overall value of 1% in untreated tumors to 35% at the tumor periphery and 10% at the center. The antivascular agent disodium combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate (CA4-P) rapidly reduced tumor blood flow to 62% of control values by 1 h, 23% by 3 h, and between 32-36% from 6 to 24 h after administration. This created central hemorrhagic necrosis, but a peripheral rim of cells continued to grow, and survival was unaffected. Changes in the pattern of perfusion across the tumor over time were zonal. Untreated mice showed perfusion throughout the tumor, with greatest activity at the rim. There was an overall reduction at 1 h, and total cessation of central perfusion from 3 h onward. A narrow peripheral rim of perfusion was always present, which increased in intensity and extent between 6 and 24 h, either through reperfusion or new vessel growth. Combining these two complementary therapies (7.4 MBq (131)I-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen IgG i.v. plus a single 200 mg/kg dose of CA4-P i.p.) produced complete cures in five of six mice for >9 months. Allowing maximal tumor localization of antibody (48 h) before blood flow inhibition by CA4-P increased tumor retention by two to three times control levels by 96 h without altering normal tissue levels, as confirmed by gamma counting and phosphor image analysis. The success of this combined, synergistic therapy was probably the result of several factors: (a) the killing of tumor cells in the outer, radiosensitive region by targeted radiotherapy; (b) enhancement of RIT by entrapment of additional radioantibody after combretastatin-induced vessel collapse; and (c) destruction of the central, more hypoxic and radioresistant region by CA4-P. This work demonstrates the need to consider cancer treatment in a biologically heterogeneous setting, if results are to be effectively translated to the clinic.
Influence of the functional group on the synthesis of aminophosphines, diphosphinoamines and iminobiphosphines (2003)

The reaction of the anilines RNH2 [R = C6H4(o-CN), C6H4(p-CN), C6H4(m-CN), C6H4(o-C6H5), C6F5 and C6H4(o-CF3)] with Ph2PCl and inorganic or organic bases in differing stoichiometry and in different solvents has been studied. The electronic properties and steric effects of the substituent groups, the base employed, the stoichiometry and the solvent all influence the outcome of the reaction and a series of aminophosphines, diphosphinoamines and iminobiphosphines have been isolated and characterised. The structures of three diphosphinoamines and three iminobiphosphines have been established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Bacteria collection from various foods, plants, insects and products of the gastrointestinal tract. (2018)

Fermented food is promising material to isolate functional probiotics. The term probiotic was defined as a nutritional supplement of living microbes that beneficially affects the host by reestablishing its microbial balance. Some probiotic bacteria may also, through fermentation process, contribute to the preservation of food by inhibiting the growth of pathogens, in addition to improving the balance of the gut microbiota. Probiotic bacteria are also highly contributing to quality, safety and positive sensory characteristics of the foods. In general, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, non-sporulating, anerobic, microaerophilic, oxidase and catalase-negative cocci or rods that produce either lactic acid or lactic acid plus actic acid and CO 2 as major product(s) of carbohydrate fermentation.  In the present study there were analyzed 72 samples from different fermented foods, insects, plants and human faecal samples originated from different parts of the world. Among the lactic acid bacteria 3 different genera ( Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus ) were represented, in addition to Bifidobacterium spp . The isolations were made with the objective of knowing the variety of probiotics present in samples of diverse origin to establish database that serves as reference when citing the etiology of the different obtained bacteria.
Vision Based SLAM in Dynamic Scenes (2012)

Abstract : In this project, we studied the vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem from a novel perspective. We employed multiple independently moving cameras, while conventional studies are limited with a single camera (or a multi-camera rig where the relative positions between cameras are fixed). Our flexible configuration of cameras makes this algorithm applicable to robot teams, which also makes this study the world's first vision based SLAM algorithm for robot teams. Furthermore, the collaboration among multiple cameras allows us to deal with challenging dynamic scenes which make most of previous algorithms fail. This work was accepted for publication at the IEEE Transaction of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI), with impact factor 5.9, #1 in all engineering and AI.
Molecular Characterization of the Gerbil C5a Receptor and Identification of a Transmembrane Domain V Amino Acid That Is Crucial for Small Molecule Antagonist Interaction (2005)

Anaphylatoxin C5a is a potent inflammatory mediator associated with pathogenesis and progression of several inflammation-associated disorders. Small molecule C5a receptor (C5aR) antagonist development is hampered by species-specific receptor biology and the associated inability to use standard rat and mouse in vivo models. Gerbil is one rodent species reportedly responsive to small molecule C5aR antagonists with human C5aR affinity. We report the identification of the gerbil C5aR cDNA using a degenerate primer PCR cloning strategy. The nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame encoding a 347-amino acid protein. The cloned receptor (expressed in Sf9 cells) bound recombinant human C5a with nanomolar affinity. Alignment of the gerbil C5aR sequence with those from other species showed that a Trp residue in transmembrane domain V is the only transmembrane domain amino acid unique to small molecule C5aR antagonist-responsive species (i.e. gerbil, human, and non-human primate). Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate human and mouse C5aRs with a residue exchange of this Trp residue. Mutation of Trp to Leu in human C5aR completely eliminated small molecule antagonist-receptor interaction. In contrast, mutation of Leu to Trp in mouse C5aR enabled small molecule antagonist-receptor interaction. This crucial Trp residue is located deeper within transmembrane domain V than residues reportedly involved in C5a- and cyclic peptide C5a antagonist-receptor interaction, suggesting a novel interaction site(s) for small molecule antagonists. These data provide insight into the basis for small molecule antagonist species selectivity and further define sites critical for C5aR activation and function.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Implications of P‐glycoprotein Modulation (2001)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a cell membrane-associated protein that transports a variety of drug substrates. Although P-gp has been studied extensively as a mediator of multidrug resistance in cancer, only recently has the role of P-gp expressed in normal tissues as a determinant of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics been examined. P-glycoprotein is present in organ systems that influence drug absorption (intestine), distribution to site of action (central nervous system and leukocytes), and elimination (liver and kidney), as well as several other tissues. Many marketed drugs inhibit P-gp function, and several compounds are under development as P-gp inhibitors. Similarly, numerous drugs can induce P-gp expression. While P-gp induction does not have a therapeutic role, P-gp inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach to reverse multidrug resistance. Clinicians should recognize that P-gp induction or inhibition may have a substantial effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of concomitantly administered drugs that are substrates for this transporter.
Growth Studies on Fibroblasts of Patients with Autosomal Recessive Friedreich&rsquo;s Ataxia (1991)

Fibroblasts derived from patients with undisputed autosomal recessive Friedreich's ataxia were examined for their growth characteristics including plating efficiency, proliferation curves and cumulative number of population doublings. In comparison to cells of healthy controls, the cells from ataxia patients showed lower plating efficiency, growth rate and number of cumulative population doublings in these parameters. Cells of heterozygotes showed clonal growth and growth curves in the range of the healthy controls.
Estimating 3D vehicle motion in an outdoor scene from monocular and stereo image sequences (2002)

The main goal of this research is to test how well existing feature extraction, matching and motion estimation algorithms (with appropriate modification) work on outdoor scenes. For this purpose, a careful calibrated image sequence data base has been created. The data used for the results reported in the paper consists of a sequence of 24 stereo images of an outdoor scene containing a moving truck with stationary background. Two motion estimation methods using feature correspondences were applied in the data: point correspondences over two stereo image pairs and line correspondences over three monocular images. In spite of the large values of the range to baseline ration (10:1) and the range to focal length ration (1000:1), the estimated rotation parameters are reasonably accurate (10-20% errors) in both methods. Although the translation estimates in the monocular method are large, the translation errors in the stereo method are around 1 meter, and are mainly due to image sampling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of helicobacter pylori infection in an oilfield Community in Hebei, China (2019)

More than half of the population was infected with H. pylori in Jidong community. The socio-demographic profiles, socio-economic factors and lifestyle are worthy taking into consideration to prevent diseases associated with H. pylori infection. Understanding the prevalence and risk patterns for H. pylori infection in China will help in prioritizing public health efforts to better manage the H. pylori infection.
CF<sub>4</sub> Plasma Treatment of Asymmetric Polysulfone Membranes (1996)

CF4 glow discharge treatment of asymmetric polysulfone membranes has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and gas permeability measurements. Oxygen and nitrogen gas permeability and permselectivity through the polysulfone substrate are found to be strongly influenced by the plasma-processing parameters.
Quantitative HER2 protein levels predict outcome in fluorescence in situ hybridization‐positive patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab (2010)

A subset of patients with HER2 gene amplification by FISH express low levels of HER2 protein and have reduced response to trastuzumab-containing therapy, similar to FISH-negative patients. This cohort represents a training dataset, and the observed relationships and derived cutoffs require validation in an independent cohort of trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer patients.
An Electron Tube Wattmeter and Voltmeter and a Phase Shifting Bridge (1930)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a wattmeter, for measuring power of a few microwatts or more, a phase shifting bridge for controlling the angular relation of two potentials without changing their amplitudes, and a voltmeter for measuring potentials of a few millivolts without amplifying.