gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Production of β-Chemokines by CD4<sup>+</sup>, but Not CD8<sup>+</sup>, T-Cell Clones Correlates with the Clinical State of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Individuals and May Be Responsible for Blocking Infection with NonSyncytium-Inducing HIV-1 In Vitro (1998)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the beta-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro and may play an important role in protecting exposed but uninfected individuals from HIV-1 infection. However, levels of beta-chemokines in AIDS patients are comparable to and can exceed levels in nonprogressing individuals, indicating that global beta-chemokine production may have little effect on HIV-1 disease progression. We sought to clarify the role of beta-chemokines in nonprogressors and AIDS patients by examination of beta-chemokine production and HIV-1 infection in patient T-lymphocyte clones established by herpesvirus saimiri immortalization. Both CD4+ and CD8+ clones were established, and they resembled primary T cells in their phenotypes and expression of activated T-cell markers. CD4+ T-cell clones from all patients had normal levels of mRNA-encoding CCR5, a coreceptor for non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) HIV-1. CD4+ clones from nonprogressors and CD8+ clones from AIDS patients secreted high levels of RANTES, MIP1alpha, and MIP-1beta. In contrast, CD4+ clones from AIDS patients produced no RANTES and little or no MIP-1alpha or MIP-1beta. The infection of CD4+ clones with the NSI HIV-1 strain ADA revealed an inverse correlation to beta-chemokine production; clones from nonprogressors were poorly susceptible to ADA replication, but clones from AIDS patients were highly infectable. The resistance to ADA infection in CD4+ clones from nonprogressors could be partially reversed by treatment with anti-beta-chemokine antibodies. These results indicate that CD4+ cells can be protected against NSI-HIV-1 infection in culture through endogenously produced factors, including beta-chemokines, and that beta-chemokine production by CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells may constitute one mechanism of disease-free survival for HIV-1-infected individuals.
Polymer Characterization: Laboratory Techniques and Analysis (1996)

This volume provides an overview of polymer characterization test methods. The methods and instrumentation described represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing. Engineers, polymer scientists and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics.
Cancel 60 Hz and other noise (1976)

The design of an adaptive filter that provides excellent noise reduction and gives less signal distortion than conventional filters is described. (TFD)
Media Caching Support for Mobile Transit Clients (2009)

In this paper, we consider the design of caching infrastructure to enhance the client-perceived performance of mobile wireless clients retrieving multimedia objects from the Internet. We consider three primary issues: location of the cache, size of the cache, and management policy for the cache. We consider both infrastructure-oriented caching at the Access Point (AP), as well as peer-assisted caching at the mobile clients. Simulation is used as the methodology for evaluation and comparison of caching strategies. The simulation results show that AP caching is generally more effective than client-side caching, that adequate performance is achievable with a mix of rather modest AP and client-side caches, and that Least Frequently Used (LFU) is the most effective cache replacement policy. Additional simulation experiments show that our results are robust across different request generation rates and client turnover rates.
Mechanisms of spontaneous tension-type headaches: an analysis of tenderness, pain thresholds and EMG (1996)

Pericranial muscle tenderness, EMG levels and thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were studied in 28 patients with tension-type headache and in 30 healthy controls. Each patient was studied during as well as outside a spontaneous episode of tension-type headache. Outside of headache, muscle tenderness and EMG levels were significantly increased compared to values in controls subjects, while mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were largely normal. During headache, muscle tenderness evaluated by blinded manual palpation increased significantly, while pressure pain thresholds remained normal and pressure pain tolerances decreased. Thermal pain detection and tolerance threshold decreased significantly in the temporal region, but remained normal in the hand. EMG levels were unchanged during headache. It is concluded that one of the primary sources of pain in tension-type headache may be a local and reversible sensitization of nociceptors in the pericranial muscles. In addition, a segmental central sensitization may contribute to the pain in frequent sufferers of tension-type headache.
Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter and correlates to eye movement control and psychometric testing in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (2016)

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can cause central nervous system dysfunction and widespread structural anomalies as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study focused on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of white matter in a large sample of PAE participants that allowed us to examine correlations with behavioral outcomes. Participants were confirmed PAE (n = 69, mean age = 12.5 ± 3.2 years) or typically developing control children (n = 67, mean age = 12.1 ± 3.2 years) who underwent brain MRI, eye movement tasks, and psychometric tests. A semi-automated tractography method extracted fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values from 15 white matter tracts. The PAE group displayed decreased FA compared with controls in multiple tracts including 3 corpus callosum regions, right corticospinal tract, and 3 left hemisphere tracts connecting to the frontal lobe (cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus). Significant group by sex interactions were found for the genu, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the left uncinate, with females in the PAE group exhibiting lower FA compared with control females. Correlations were found between DTI and eye movement measures in the control group, but these same relationships were absent in the PAE group. In contrast, no correlations were found between DTI and any of the psychometric tests used in this study. These findings support the hypothesis that measures of eye movement control may be valuable functional biomarkers of the brain injury induced by PAE as these tasks reveal group differences that appear to be linked to deficits in white matter integrity in the brain. Hum Brain Mapp 38:444-456, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Targeting the dopamine D<sub>2</sub>receptor in schizophrenia (2006)

After a 12-year search for the antipsychotic receptor, the binding site was discovered and labelled by [3H]haloperidol in 1975. Of the various neurotransmitters, dopamine was the most potent in inhibiting the binding of [3H]haloperidol, indicating that the antipsychotic receptor was a dopamine receptor, now named the dopamine D2 receptor, a major targeting site in schizophrenia. All antipsychotic drugs, including traditional and newer antipsychotics, either bind to D2 in direct relation to their clinical potencies or hinder normal dopamine neurotransmission, as in the case of partial dopamine agonists. In fact, the antipsychotic concentrations found in the plasma water of treated patients closely match the predicted therapeutic absolute concentrations, adjusted for the 60-75% D2 occupancy needed for clinical efficacy. Antipsychotics that elicit low or no Parkinsonism or prolactinaemia are loosely attached to D2 and rapidly dissociate from D2, whereas those eliciting Parkinsonism stay tightly attached to D2 for many hours. Because animal models of psychosis (amfetamine sensitisation, brain lesions) all show a marked elevation in the number of high-affinity states of D2, the antipsychotics are thought to specifically target these D2High states in psychosis in general and schizophrenia in particular.
Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) (2012)

Some companies choose to add or are mandated to add a Criticality Analysis to the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) procedure, according to specific procedures. This chapter introduces failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) and explains how it is different from FMEA. The criticality analysis is detailed here, including both quantitative and qualitative criticality analysis. Also included are an outline of FMECA history and specific FMECA scales, standards, and examples. The chapter then focuses on the unique aspects of FMECA, such as the standard, scales, and criticality procedure. Criticality matrix can also be used in quantitative criticality analysis in order to graphically plot item criticality versus severity. Controlled Vocabulary Terms critical path analysis; failure analysis
Shunt stub line impedance matching: a wave reflection analysis tutorial (2002)

This paper presents a detailed transmission-line wave reflection analysis for the situation where an antenna's feed-point impedance is matched to the transmission-line characteristic impedance through the use of a shunt stub line. In most engineering texts, the steady-state solution to the shunt-stub-line impedance-matching problem is presented in detail. However, the solution in terms of a wave reflection analysis is generally not presented, since the steady-state solution is sufficient for most practical applications. This article is presented as a tutorial review of both the steady-state solution and the solution as determined through a detailed wave reflection analysis. It is conceptually and mathematically demonstrated that the wave reflections created at the antenna and at the stub-line termination do not cancel one another at the stub-line connection point, and they do not stay separate from one another. It is demonstrated that the steady-state impedance match is achieved when the wave reflections created at the antenna and at the stub-line termination combine at the connection point to cancel the initial wave reflections created at the connection point. The analysis and resulting formulas presented are derived for the general problem of a stub line being connected in parallel to a transmission line at any point, and are therefore valid independently of an impedance match being established at the connection point. The analysis and formulas are valid for any combination of transmission-line length, transmission-line properties, antenna impedance, stub line length, and stub line termination impedance.
Moving target detection in infrared imagery using a regularized CDWT optical flow (2003)

A modified version of the CDWT optical flow algorithm developed by Magarey et al. is applied to the problem of moving target detection in noisy infrared image sequences. The optical flow algorithm is a hierarchical, phase-based approach. The modified version includes an explicit regularization of the motion field, which is of fundamental importance for the application in question. The data used consists of infrared imagery where pixel-size targets move in strongly cluttered backgrounds. To detect the targets different frames from the sequence are compared by subtraction of one from another. However, the motion of the sensor generates an apparent motion of the background across frames, and, as a consequence, the differences between background regions dominate the residue images. To avoid this effect, the estimated motion field between the frames is used to register the background spatially, so that only objects corresponding to potential targets appear in the residue images. Results of applying the method on 3 infrared image sequences are presented, which show that the target SNR is higher when the estimated motion field for the whole scene is explicitly regularized.
Single High-T<sub>c</sub> Phase Region of the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System (1989)

The phase diagram in the superconducting Bi 1.68 Pb v Sr x Ca v Cu z O w ( v =0.28, 0.32) system was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity for samples calcined in air. The results revealed that the phase was classified into four regions, a single 110 K-phase region, two types of two-phase regions (110 K phase+Ca 2 CuO 3 and 110 K phase+80 K phase) and a three-phase region (110 K phase+Ca 2 CuO 3 +80 K phase). The single 110 K phase with a T c of about 106–108 K exists in a fairly wide composition range, especially in the Bi 1.68 Pb 0.32 Sr 1.75 Ca y Cu z O w system, 1.75≦ y ≦1.85 and 2.65≦ z ≦2.85. This means that the single 110 K phase can be easily obtained, even by the usual calcination in air in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system.
Utility-oriented internetworking of content delivery networks (2009)

Today’s Internet content providers primarily use Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to deliver content to end-users with the aim to enhance their Web access experience. Yet the prevalent commercial CDNs, operating in isolation, often face resource over-provisioning, degraded performance, and Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations, thus incurring high operational costs and limiting the scope and scale of their services. To move beyond these shortcomings, this thesis establishes the basis for developing advanced and efficient content delivery solutions that are scalable, high performance, and cost-effective. It introduces techniques to enable coordination and cooperation between multiple content delivery services, which is termed as “CDN peering”. In this context, this thesis addresses five key issues―when to peer (triggering circumstances), how to peer (interaction strategies), whom to peer with (resource discovery), how to manage and enforce operational policies (request-redirection and load sharing), and how to demonstrate peering applicability
Sarcoidosis : Unusual Manifestations Recorded In India (1998)

Unusual manifestations of sarcoidosis reported in India include parotid and lacrimal gland enlargement, superior vena caval obstruction, cirrhosis of liver with portal vein obstruction, portal hypertension, breast lumps, sarcoid nephritis, transient paralysis of phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves (especially left), miliary lesions in lungs, gross clubbing, insignificant or massive pleural effusions (either unilateral or bilateral), sarcoidoma, nodular sarcoidosis and Heerfordt, Lofgren, sicca, Marie- Bamberger and Monge's syndromes. Some of these features are however, not uncommon. The unusual features may cause diagnostic delay and inappropriate therapy.
Overexpression of EFEMP1 Correlates with Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Human Ovarian Carcinoma (2013)

EFEMP1 is a newly identified gene over-expressed in ovarian cancer, associated with poor clinicopathologic features and promotes angiogenesis. This study shows that EFEMP1 may serve as a new prognostic factor and a therapeutic target for patients with ovarian cancer in the future.
The Retrieval of Asymmetric Tropical Cyclone Structures Using Doppler Radar Simulations and Observations with the Extended GBVTD Technique (2006)

Abstract The ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique is extended to two Doppler radars to retrieve the structure of a tropical cyclone’s (TC’s) circulation. With this extension, it is found that the asymmetric part of the TC radial wind component can be derived up to its angular wavenumber-1 structure, and the accuracy of the retrieved TC tangential wind component can be further improved. Although two radar systems are used, a comparison with the traditional dual-Doppler synthesis indicates that this extended GBVTD (EGBVTD) approach is able to estimate more of the TC circulation when there are missing data. Previous research along with this study reveals that the existence of strong asymmetric radial flows can degrade the quality of the GBVTD-derived wind fields. When a TC is observed by one radar, it is suggested that the GBVTD method be applied to TCs over a flat surface (e.g., the ocean) where the assumption of relatively smaller asymmetric radial winds than asymmetric tangential winds is more likely to be true. However, when a TC is observed by two radar systems, especially when the topographic effects are expected to be significant, the EGBVTD rather than the traditional dual-Doppler synthesis should be used. The feasibility of the proposed EGBVTD method is demonstrated by applying it to an idealized TC circulation model as well as a real case study. Finally, the possibility of combining EGBVTD with other observational instruments, such as dropsonde or wind profilers, to recover the asymmetric TC radial flow structures with even higher wavenumbers is discussed.
The effect of sodium fluoride on cereal seed germination and seedling growth (1989)

Abstract. Fluoride has been shown to inhibit germination and seedling establishment in barley cv. Natasha, wheat cv. Axona and rice cv. Ishikari. The concentrations of fluoride were selected so as to give a satisfactory dose‐response relationship and also to relate to levels of fluoride present under natural conditions. Concentrations used were zero, 0.5, 1.0, 10 and 40 mol m −3 sodium fluoride. In germination studies, barley was found to be least tolerant and rice most tolerant of fluoride. The inhibition was found to be a response to fluoride itself and the observed effects were not due to pH, sodium or an unspecific effect of halide ion. Phosphate, applied at two concentration levels, was unable to overcome the inhibition. Fluoride was also shown to inhibit seedling growth. The inhibitory effects of fluoride may be accounted for by a wide range of metabolic effects including inhibition of gibberellic acid–triggered alpha amylase activity during germination, and later on to inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in the developing leaves.
A CMOS bandgap reference circuit for sub-1-V operation without using extra low-threshold-voltage device (2004)

A new sub-1-V CMOS bandgap voltage reference without using low threshold voltage device is presented in this paper. The new proposed sub-1-V bandgap reference with startup circuit has been successfully verified in a standard 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The experimental results show that, at the minimum supply voltage of 0.85 V, the output reference voltage is 238.2 mV with an effective temperature coefficient of 58.1 ppm//spl deg/C while DC current is 28 /spl mu/A. At 0.85 V supply voltage, the measured power noise rejection ratio is -33.2 dB at 10 KHz.
Mammalian Nemo-like kinase enhances .BETA.-catenin-TCF transcription activity in human osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma cells (2007)

Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase and has been considered to be a suppressor of Wnt signaling in mammalian cells. Our study, however, has raised the possibility that NLK also functions as a Wnt signaling activator. In human osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma cell lines, NLK specifically enhanced β-catenin-TCF complex transcription activity. The effect required kinase activity of NLK and co-expression of the β-catenin ΔN (constitutive active mutant of β-catenin). The nuclear localization of Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) and β-catenin ΔN was not altered by NLK overexpression regardless of its effect on β-catenin-TCF complex activity. Reporter analysis using LEF1 mutants at known NLK target sites indicated that NLK may have different activation targets for β-catenin-TCF complex. Mutations in the potential NLK phosphorylation sites in β-catenin did not change its transcription activity either. Our results suggest that NLK positively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a cell type dependent manner through an unidentified mechanism.
Passive mode locking by carbon nanotubes in a femtosecond laser written waveguide laser (2006)

The authors report on the first demonstration of mode locking in an active waveguide laser manufactured by femtosecond laser writing. The active waveguide is fabricated in an Er–Yb-doped phosphate glass, and the mode locker is a fiber-pigtailed saturable absorber device based on single-wall carbon nanotubes specially designed to efficiently operate at 1.5μm. Transform-limited 1.6ps pulses were observed in a ring laser cavity configuration.
Antiarrhythmic effects of desethylamiodarone in dogs with subacute myocardial infarction and inducible ventricular arrhythmias. (1989)

To determine if desethylamiodarone (DA), the principal metabolite of amiodarone, has antiarrhythmic activity, DA was administered intravenously (i.v.) as a 5 mg/kg bolus followed by a 2-h infusion of 8 mg/kg/h to 12 dogs with 5-7-day-old myocardial infarction and reproducibly inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Programmed electrical stimulation of the right ventricle was repeated, and plasma DA concentration was determined at 15-min intervals during DA administration. At the end of the infusion, the animals were killed and DA concentration in infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium was measured. Grading and statistical analysis of induced arrhythmias revealed significant amelioration during DA infusion, with partial or complete suppression in 9 of the 12 dogs. Apparent steady-state plasma DA concentration (range 0.8-1.0 micrograms/ml) was achieved and maintained during the final 105 min of infusion. DA concentration in noninfarcted myocardium (62.6 +/- 22.0 micrograms/g) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than DA concentration in infarcted myocardium (25.6 +/- 18.6 micrograms/g). We conclude that DA administered i.v. has antiarrhythmic activity in dogs with subacute myocardial infarction and reproducibly inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias.
Absolute and relative pitch: Global versus local processing of chords (2014)

absolute pitch, relative pitch, global processing, local processing Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce notes without any reference note. An ongoing debate exists regarding the benefits or disadvantages of AP in processing music. one of the main issues in this context is whether the categorical perception of pitch in AP possessors may interfere in processing tasks requiring relative pitch (rP). Previous studies, focusing mainly on melodic and interval perception, have obtained inconsistent results. the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of AP and rP separately, using isolated chords. seventy-three musicians were categorized into four groups of high and low AP and rP, and were tested on two tasks: identifying chord types (task 1), and identifying a single note within a chord (task 2). A main effect of rP on task 1 and an interaction between AP and rP in reaction times were found. on task 2 main effects of AP and rP, and an interaction were found, with highest performance in participants with both high AP and rP. results suggest that AP and rP should be regarded as two different abilities, and that AP may slow down reaction times for tasks requiring global processing.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOAMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEOPEPTIDES. III. SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEODIPEPTIDES CONTAINING URACILYL‐N1‐α‐ALANINE AND ADENYLYL‐N9‐α‐ALANINE RESIDUES (1979)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung des Esters (III) mit aktivierten Estern von Aminosäuren ( ;z.B. (IV)) entstehen die Dipeptide (V).
Möglichkeiten der frühzeitigen Erkennung: Zur Braunverfärbung von Betonwaren (2002)

Whereas in the Sixty's there were many reports on the occurrence of white efflorescence in concrete products of high quality and density [1], there have been increasing numbers of reported incidents of brown discoloration's in such concrete products in the last 20 years [2]. These brown discoloration's occur especially then when the concrete products are manufactured from moist concrete mixes (lower water-to-cement ratios). Such discoloration's are generally referred to as brown discoloration's even though the color spectrum can range from any yellow to all shades of brown.