gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saudi Aramco Downhole Corrosion/Scaling Operational Experience and Challenges in HP/HT Gas Condensate Producers (2014)

Abstract This paper shares Saudi Aramco's operational experience and challenges with downhole sweet and sour corrosion and scaling tendencies in the carbon steel (CS) completions. It also reports the company's approach to deal with these issues. Corrosion in wells drilled in sour gas bearing reservoirs commonly occurs in conjunction with iron sulfide scale deposits in the lowermost section of the production tubing and liner. Historically, the progression of sour corrosion has been relatively slow, so CS completions are cost-effective as the frequency of required workovers is low. Nevertheless, although scale deposits are not confirmed to curtail well productivity they reduce wellbore accessibility, which sometimes necessitates their removal by rig-less mechanical operation. Scale removal from old completions resulted in failure of the tubular integrity. In most sour gas wells corrosion starts posing scaling and obstruction problems inside the tubing far before any leaking risk. It is worth noting that this experience is consistent with field cases experienced by Total or other operators, as recently reported in the literature. The company experience with sweet gas producers have shown corrosion tendency to occur at shallow depths with no observed scale deposits. Corrosion was in the form of localized spaced scratches in the joints and metal loss in the pin- and box-ends. For these wells, the average life cycle of tubulars exceeds 10 years. The results from this field study might benefit the world gas producers of Saudi Aramco's intensive and diversified experience and of the completion practices that the company has adapted to develop the high temperature gas condensate fields. It is of particular interest to understand why the corrosion observed on these sweet wells is significantly lower than predicted by most carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion prediction models.
The Ten-Minute Examination of the Dizzy Patient (2001)

Dizziness and postural instability are common presenting complaints in patients seen in otolaryngology practice. Unfortunately, these patients frequently do not receive optimal evaluation and therapy because of the difficulty in obtaining a thorough yet pertinent history and the perceived complexity of the physical examination. Over the last 10 years, we have utilized a standardized approach to evaluation of the dizzy patient that is user friendly and maximizes the time and effort spent by the clinician. First, a thorough history is taken from the patient in two forms: (1) a specially designed questionnaire filled out well before the examination and (2) a direct interview using the answers on the questionnaire as a guide. During the physical examination, emphasis is placed on the following subtests: (1) spontaneous nystagmus; (2) central oculomotor function; (3) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) battery--headshake, head thrust, dynamic visual acuity, and Hallpike positioning; (4) coordination; (5) posture; (6) gait; and (7) special examinations. This neurotologic examination is completed in about 10 minutes and is performed as a battery of tests following the routine otolaryngologic and/or neurologic examination. We feel that this test sequence is thorough yet easy to perform and ideally will demystify the examination of these challenging patients.
Treating hepatocellular carcinoma progression following first-line sorafenib: therapeutic options and clinical observations (2013)

Despite the established efficacy of sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a significant number of sorafenib-treated patients experience disease progression. Current guidelines recommend either best supportive care or clinical trial enrollment for this population. As such, there remains an unmet need for tolerable, life-prolonging strategies in the second-line setting. New information regarding the molecular pathogenesis of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and positive post-progression experience with antiangiogenics in other tumor types has led to trials investigating the effect of continued use of sorafenib, alone or combined with other agents. Trials investigating the effect of switching from sorafenib to alternate antiangiogenic agents, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, or cMet inhibitors are also underway. As these data emerge, clinicians may consider a new paradigm for managing advanced HCC. This article briefly reviews the mechanisms of disease resistance to antiangiogenic therapy as a vehicle for discussing clinical strategies to prolong survival in patients with advanced HCC that are currently employed at our institutions or are under investigation. Key ongoing trials investigating the use of molecularly targeted therapies in patients with progressive disease are also highlighted.
Thin-disk laser pump schemes for large number of passes and moderate pump source quality (2015)

Thin-disk laser pump layouts yielding an increased number of passes for a given pump module size and pump source quality are proposed. These layouts result from a general scheme based on merging two simpler pump optics arrangements. Some peculiar examples can be realized by adapting standard, commercially available pump optics with an additional mirror pair. More pump passes yield better efficiency, opening the way for the usage of active materials with low absorption. In a standard multipass pump design, scaling of the number of beam passes brings about an increase in the overall size of the optical arrangement or an increase in the pump source quality requirements. Such increases are minimized in our scheme, making them eligible for industrial applications.
Antenna selection diversity for framed digital signal transmission in mobile radio channel (2003)

An antenna selection diversity method is proposed in which received signal levels from the antennas are measured in a time-division manner and a switching operation is performed in the preamble or postamble portion of a framed digital signal. Hence the switching noise problem is avoided. Deterioration in diversity performance, compared with the case of a post-detection diversity, can be kept within 1 dB if a frame length, normalized by the maximum Doppler frequency, is less than 1/16. With the use of this technique, base station diversity systems, where no diversity facility is required in mobile stations for both upward and downward direction of transmission, are proposed. For single-frequency time-duplexed communication, the base station uses the proposed diversity method for reception, and an antenna selected last in the reception period is used for transmission. For dual-frequency duplex communication, the base station sends a postamble signal from the antennas in a time-division manner, and then the result determined from the comparison of the received levels that correspond to the postamble signal at the mobile station is sent back to the base station and used for antenna selection for the next transmission of the information signal. The performance of the proposed diversity for a digital FM system in the Rayleigh fading channel is investigated by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of a novel antigen from<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (2000)

A genomic DNA library of Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 11047 was constructed, using the Lambda Zap Express cloning vector, and screened with serum collected from a patient with S. epidermidis endocarditis. Sequence analysis of a 30 kDa cloned protein, termed staphylococcal secretory antigen, SsaA, identified a novel protein not previously reported in S. epidermidis. SsaA showed strong homology with two other staphylococcal proteins: SceB from Staphylococcus carnosus and a staphyloxanthin biosynthesis protein from Staphylococcus aureus. Further investigation revealed SsaA to be a highly antigenic protein that was expressed in vivo and could be recovered from whole cells and from the culture supernatant. A combination of Western blot analysis and PCR screening identified SsaA or a homologue in 103/103 staphylococcal strains. SsaA-like genes were not detected in other Gram-positive bacteria of medical importance or a number of Gram-negative organisms. Elevated anti-SsaA IgG antibody levels were detected in sera of five patients with S. epidermidis endocarditis but not in patients with other S. epidermidis infections, endocarditis of other aetiologies or patients with no evidence of infection. The expression of SsaA during episodes of S. epidermidis endocarditis suggests a virulence role specific to the pathogenesis of this infectious disease.
Evolution and Genetic Population Structure of Prickly Lettuce (<i>Lactuca serriola</i>) and Its <i>RGC2</i> Resistance Gene Cluster (2008)

Genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) were studied using AFLP markers and then compared with the diversity of the RGC2 disease resistance gene cluster. Screening of 696 accessions from 41 populations using 319 AFLP markers showed that eastern Turkish and Armenian populations were the most diverse populations and might be located in the origin and center of diversity of L. serriola. Screening 709 accessions using the microsatellite MSATE6 that is located in the coding region of most RGC2 homologs detected 366 different haplotypes. Again, the eastern Turkish and Armenian populations had the highest diversities at the RGC2 cluster. The diversities at the RGC2 cluster in different populations were significantly correlated with their genomewide diversities. There was significant variation of copy number of RGC2 homologs in different populations, ranging from 12 to 22 copies per genome. The nucleotide diversities of two conserved lineages (type II) of RGC2 genes (K and L) were not correlated with diversities calculated using the MSATE6 or AFLP data. We hypothesize that the high genomewide diversity and diversity of the RGC2 cluster in eastern Turkish and Armenian populations resulted from high abiotic and biotic stresses in the regions of origin of L. serriola.
A new Automated Food Delivery System using autonomous track guided centre-wheel drive robot (2010)

More people prefer to dine out nowadays and the food and beverage industry has to revolutionise its way of serving customers in order to remain sustainable to the growing population. This research aims at designing an Automated Food Delivery System to overcome this problem. The new proposed system structure consists of colour lines that are drawn on the restaurant ground and they link all tables to the kitchen serving as a guiding track; a robot that is in sync with the ordering system will serve. When customers place their order through the ordering system, the system will send the order to the kitchen. Once the dish is prepared, a signal will be sent to the robot then robot will then deliver it to the specific table and return to the kitchen and send a feedback signal to the ordering system as a confirmation of delivery. This system is yet to be popular in the food and beverage industry and there are several technical difficulties to be overcome. However, once the technical difficulties can be overcomed and improvements are made, the automated food delivery system using a robot is a possible solution to the issues faced by thousand of restaurant owners.
Correlation between serum levels of soluble Fas (CD95/Apo-1) with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Khorasan, Iran. (2010)

This study shows a significant elevation of sFas levels in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with active disease; therefore it can be used as an appropriate marker for evaluation of disease activity.
New phase-change thermal energy storage materials for buildings (2017)

A new class of phase-change thermal energy storage materials is under development at SERI. These materials are unusual in two ways. They reversibly absorb large amounts of heat during a solid-state, crystal transformation more than 70/sup 0/C below their melting temperatures, and their solid-state transformation temperatures may be adjusted over a range from 7/sup 0/C to 188/sup 0/C by varying the ratios of binary mixtures of the components. Because these storage materials remain solid throughout the range of their service temperatures, unique opportunities exist for incorporating them into building materials. Composites have been made with ordinary, porous construction materials such as wood, gypsum board, and lightweight concrete as the matrix and with the solid-state phase change materials (SS PCM) filling the void space. The thermal storage capacities of such composites are thereby increased by more than 100% without changing the basic nature and workability of the matrix, construction material. Parametric analyses have been conducted to determine what combination of properties would be optimum for certain solar and energy conserving building applications including Trombe wall, direct gain, and distributed cool storage (combined with night ventilation).
A Study of Roll-Forward-Recovery from Faults among Communicating Processes (1998)

Roll-Forward Checkpointing Schemes combine fault-detection using duplicated processes and checkpoints with a characteristic fault-treatment strategy. In existing schemes, faults of single processes are detected by checkpoint-comparison, localized and eliminated by a retry-execution on a spare processor and lookahead excecution in parallel. The main advantage of these schemes is a completion time in occurrence of faults close to the time of a faultless run. Only in improbable situations a rollback is necessary. This paper applies these schemes for communicating user processes and proposes an extension with reaction schemes of communication-dependent processes. The resolution of problems which arise due to communicating processes improves the strategy, because communication provides an additional possibility to detect and localize faults. Beside the specification of a fault-detecting protocol for the communication of duplex systems, several variants of Roll-Forward strategies for communicating and interacting processes are proposed. Variants originate by the applied treatment scheme of the faulty duplex system and the reaction scheme of distant processes. Two extreme behavioral cases can be distinguished. One variant treats faults with a slower progress of the application but reaches after the treatment of duplex-certified state immediately. The other extreme is, that the progress of processes is influenced only insignificantly but the state of the processes is lacking the duplex-certification for a longer time period. The duration from the fault occurrence to the reentry in a duplex certified fault free state may take a longer time than it would be lost using the first variant. The choice of variants is important when interactions are necessary during processing and these interactions have to result from a duplex certified fault free state but also have to meet deadlines. (orig.)
Enhanced C <sub>2</sub> Yields from Methane Oxidative Coupling by Means of a Separative Chemical Reactor (1993)

Of the processes for converting natural gas into a more useful chemical feedstock, the oxidative coupling of methane to form ethane and ethylene (C(2)) has perhaps been the most intensively investigated in recent years, but it has proved extremely difficult to obtain C(2) yields in excess of 20 to 25%. Methane oxidative coupling was carried out in a separative chemical reactor that simulated a countercurrent chromatographic moving-bed. This reaction gives 65% methane conversion, 80% C(2) selectivity, and a C(2) yield slightly better than 50% with Sm(2)O(3) catalyst at approximately 1000 K.
Enhanced Inhibition of Neointimal Hyperplasia by Genetically Engineered Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2004)

Background— Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported previously. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that overexpression of vasculoprotective gene endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in EPCs enhances their ability to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results— EPCs were isolated from rabbit peripheral blood, expanded in culture, and transduced with pseudotyped retroviral vectors expressing human eNOS (eNOS-EPCs), HO-1 (HO-1-EPCs), or green fluorescent protein (GFP-EPCs). Transduction efficiency of EPCs ex vivo was >90%. Four groups of rabbits (n=5 to 6 per group) were subjected to balloon angioplasty of the common carotid artery. Immediately after injury, ≈5×10 6 autologous eNOS-EPCs or HO-1-EPCs were transplanted into the injured vessel. Control animals received an equivalent number of GFP-EPCs or Ringer’s saline. Two weeks after transplantation, eNOS and HO-1 transgene transcripts and proteins were detected in the transduced rabbit vessels. Endothelialization was enhanced in the EPC-transplanted vessels independently of gene transfer. Neointimal thickening was significantly reduced in the GFP-EPC-treated vessels relative to the saline control. Neointima size was further reduced in vessels treated with eNOS-EPCs. Surprisingly, no additional reduction was seen in vessels treated with HO-1-EPCs relative to GFP-EPCs. Thrombosis occurred in ≈50% of the saline-treated vessels but was virtually absent in all EPC-transplanted vessels. Conclusions— We conclude that transplantation of autologous EPCs overexpressing eNOS in injured vessels enhances the vasculoprotective properties of the reconstituted endothelium, leading to inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. This cell-based gene therapy strategy may be useful in treatment of vascular disease.
Transient Expression of Hemagglutinin Antigen from Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N7) in Nicotiana benthamiana (2012)

The influenza A virus is of global concern for the poultry industry, especially the H5 and H7 subtypes as they have the potential to become highly pathogenic for poultry. In this study, the hemagglutinin (HA) of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus of the H7N7 subtype isolated from a Swedish mallard Anas platyrhynchos was sequenced, characterized and transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Recently, plant expression systems have gained interest as an alternative for the production of vaccine antigens. To examine the possibility of expressing the HA protein in N. benthamiana, a cDNA fragment encoding the HA gene was synthesized de novo, modified with a Kozak sequence, a PR1a signal peptide, a C-terminal hexahistidine (6×His) tag, and an endoplasmic retention signal (SEKDEL). The construct was cloned into a Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-based vector (pEAQ-HT) and the resulting pEAQ-HT-HA plasmid, along with a vector (pJL3:p19) containing the viral gene-silencing suppressor p19 from Tomato bushy stunt virus, was agro-infiltrated into N. benthamiana. The highest gene expression of recombinant plant-produced, uncleaved HA (rHA0), as measured by quantitative real-time PCR was detected at 6 days post infiltration (dpi). Guided by the gene expression profile, rHA0 protein was extracted at 6 dpi and subsequently purified utilizing the 6×His tag and immobilized metal ion adsorption chromatography. The yield was 0.2 g purified protein per kg fresh weight of leaves. Further molecular characterizations showed that the purified rHA0 protein was N-glycosylated and its identity confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the purified rHA0 exhibited hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition activity indicating that the rHA0 shares structural and functional properties with native HA protein of H7 influenza virus. Our results indicate that rHA0 maintained its native antigenicity and specificity, providing a good source of vaccine antigen to induce immune response in poultry species.
A Deweyan Perspective on Communication, Cooperation, and Collaboration Between Elementary and Secondary Educators (2012)

In the field of education, the belief is often expressed among educators and non-educators alike that "elementary teachers teach kids; secondary teachers teach subject matter." This sets up an unspoken dichotomy that elementary teachers do not teach subject matter and that secondary teachers do not teach kids. This presents a problem situation. At the heart of this problem situation is the fact that elementary and secondary educators have little, if any, contact with one another within the public school setting. As a result, one has no idea what the other is doing, and this serves to further perpetuate stereotypes. Communication does not take place from one grade level to the next, and this leads to an undesirable society. "An undesirable society, in other words, is one which internally and externally sets up barriers to free intercourse and communication of experience" (Dewey, 1997, p. 99). Because administrators do not build conjoint inservices into the school calendar, and because teachers get caught up with what is taking place in their own classrooms, to the exclusion of what is taking place in their colleagues' classrooms, barriers exist that prevent educators from engaging in free intercourse and communication of experience. Communication, cooperation, and collaboration are not taking place between elementary and secondary educators, yet there is much to be gained by such an alliance. The result is an undesirable society in America's public schools.
Radio resource allocation scheme for device-to-device communication in cellular networks using fractional frequency reuse (2011)

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is the technology enabling user equipments (UEs) to directly communicate with each other without help of evolved nodeB (eNB). Due to this characteristic, D2D communication can reduce end-to-end delay and traffic load offered to eNB. However, by applying D2D communication into cellular systems, interference between D2D and eNB relaying UEs can occur if D2D UEs reuse frequency band for eNB relaying UEs. In cellular systems, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is used to reduce inter-cell interference of cell outer UEs. In this paper, we propose a radio resource allocation scheme for D2D communication underlaying cellular networks using FFR. In the proposed scheme, D2D and cellular UEs use the different frequency bands chosen as users' locations. The proposed radio resource allocation scheme can alleviate interference between D2D and cellular UEs if D2D device is located in cell inner region. If D2D UEs is located in cell outer region, D2D and cellular UEs experience tolerable interference. By simulations, we show that the proposed scheme improves the performance of D2D and cellular UEs by reducing interference between them.
Intraoperative measurements of male and female distal femurs during primary total knee arthroplasty. (2002)

The anteroposterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) dimensions of 200 consecutive osteoarthritic knees (100 males and 100 females) undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty were compared. For all patients, the mean AP dimension was 57.3 mm (range: 49-66 mm) and the dimension was 10.5% taller in height in men than women. The mean ML dimension was 71.6 mm (range: 56-85 mm), and the dimension was 13.7% wider in men than women. The mean AP/ML ratio was 0.8 for all patients, 0.82 (range: 0.73-0.93) for females and 0.79 (range: 0.70-0.89) for males (P<.001). The data suggest that for any given AP femoral dimension, women tend to have a narrower ML dimension than men, independent of AP height, and an AP/ML ratio of 0.80 most closely approximates a standard-sized distal femur across gender. This report documents important gender differences that may serve as a reference for femoral implant designers and knee surgeons.