gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic and Portable Mapping of Data Parallel Programs to OpenCL for GPU-Based Heterogeneous Systems (2014)

General-purpose GPU-based systems are highly attractive, as they give potentially massive performance at little cost. Realizing such potential is challenging due to the complexity of programming. This article presents a compiler-based approach to automatically generate optimized OpenCL code from data parallel OpenMP programs for GPUs. A key feature of our scheme is that it leverages existing transformations, especially data transformations, to improve performance on GPU architectures and uses automatic machine learning to build a predictive model to determine if it is worthwhile running the OpenCL code on the GPU or OpenMP code on the multicore host. We applied our approach to the entire NAS parallel benchmark suite and evaluated it on distinct GPU-based systems. We achieved average (up to) speedups of 4.51× and 4.20× (143× and 67×) on Core i7/NVIDIA GeForce GTX580 and Core i7/AMD Radeon 7970 platforms, respectively, over a sequential baseline. Our approach achieves, on average, greater than 10× speedups over two state-of-the-art automatic GPU code generators.
Intrusion Alert Correlation Technique Analysis for Heterogeneous Log (2008)

Summary Intrusion alert correlation is multi-step processes that receives alerts from heterogeneous log resources as input and produce a high-level description of the malicious activity on the network. The objective of this study is to analyse the current alert correlation technique and identify the significant criteria in each technique that can improve the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) problem such as prone to alert flooding, contextual problem, false alert and scalability. The existing alert correlation techniques had been reviewed and analysed. From the analysis, six capability criteria have been identified to improve the current alert correlation technique. They are capability to do alert reduction, alert clustering, identify multistep attack, reduce false alert, detect known attack and detect unknown attack.
The Role of Serum Inflammatory Markers in Acute Appendicitis and Their Success in Preventing Negative Laparotomy (2006)

Improving the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in order to prevent unnecessary surgery is crucial. This study was intended to identify the role of serum inflammatory markers in patients with preliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis with a retrospective design. Eighty-five patients with the preliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis were recruited in this study within the period of November-December 2003. The average age was 31.8 years (ranged from 15 to 85). There were 62 males (72.9%) and 23 females (27.1%). In addition to performing routine tests, preoperative serum samples were obtained from the patients to measure C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10. All the patients were operated on for a clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis. Depending on the macroscopic evidence during the operation and the histopathological examination of the specimen, the patients were separated into two groups: the ones who did not have acute appendicitis as the cause for acute abdomen (group I; n = 14) and the ones who had acute appendicitis (group II; n = 71). The ones who had acute appendicitis (group II) were further grouped as noncomplicated appendicitis (group IIA; n = 44) and complicated appendicitis (group IIB; n = 27). Being a male with elevated levels of leukocytes (white blood cells, WBC); C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6); and interleukin-10 increased the probability of having acute appendicitis in patients with evidences of acute abdomen. The risk of complication of acute appendicitis significantly increased when patients had increased levels of C-reactive protein, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and increased interleukin-6 levels, had symptoms for more than 24 h, and were female. Interleukin-10 levels within normal range might be helpful in eliminating the possibility of acute appendicitis. Thus, elevated levels of WBC, IL-6 and CRP might be helpful in confirming a potential diagnosis of acute appendicitis. In addition, normal levels of IL-10 might be of additional help to possibly rule out the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
The AltaVista Revolution: How to Find Anything on the Internet (1996)

From the Publisher:
This book explains how to use the AltaVista service. AltaVista is an Internet search tool that captures the full and complete text of over 2. 5 million web pages per day,without exercising any filters that might eliminate important content. AltaVista allows users to conduct comprehensive file searches at speed of up to 100 times faster than other search engines. The book explains how to use this groundbreaking tool and demonstrates many of the applications that already have drawn millions of users to AltaVista.
Wordspotter training using figure-of-merit back propagation (2002)

A new approach to wordspotter training is presented which directly maximizes the figure of merit (FOM) defined as the average detection rate over a specified range of false alarm rates. This systematic approach to discriminant training for wordspotters eliminates the necessity of ad hoc thresholds and tuning. It improves the FOM of wordspotters tested using cross-validation on the credit-card speech corpus training conversations by 4 to 5 percentage points to roughly 70%. This improved performance requires little extra complexity during wordspotting and only two extra passes through the training data during training. The FOM gradient is computed analytically for each putative hit, back-propagated through HMM word models using the Viterbi alignment, and used to adjust RBF hidden node centers and state-weights associated with every node in HMM keyword models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EDI200 therapeutic trial (2012)

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is the most common of the ectodermal dysplasias, presenting with hypohidrosis, hypodontia, hypotrichosis and mucociliary gland hypoplasia. As an X-linked disorder, the phenotype is more consistently severe in affected males than in affected females and is associated with a risk for serious and potentially life-threatening hyperthermia and respiratory infections in early childhood.

Although XLHED has been described in publications since the mid 19th century, it was not until the genomics revolution that the underlying cause was identified as a deficiency of the ectodermal morphogen ectodysplasin. Over 200 mutations of the corresponding gene, EDA, have been described that produce a deficiency in the activity of its primary translational product EDA-A1. As a key regulator of the initiation, maturation and maintenance of ectodermal appendages, the exact timing for EDA-A1 activity in development may vary both between tissues and between species. This was demonstrated in two animal models of XLHED, the mouse and the dog, where a recombinant form of EDA-A1 (EDI200) was administered either antenatally or postnatally. Perhaps surprisingly, in the dog model most analogous to human XLHED, postnatal EDI200 administration was associated with a sustained, reproducible and clinically meaningful correction of the XLHED phenotype.

Detailed studies of the response to EDI200 in both animal models have provided a roadmap for clinical trials involving EDI200 as an EDA-A1 replacement in patients with XLHED. Under consideration for 2012 is the initiation of studies in a small number of XLHED-affected adults and newborns to confirm the safety of EDI200 in these populations and to assess the potential for ameliorating the clinical signs and symptoms. Key aspects of this clinical development plan will be discussed including selection of dose and dosing regimen, the window of efficacy and options for bioactivity monitoring.
Novel Star-Shaped Triphenylamine-Based Molecular Glasses and Their Use in OFETs (2005)

Six novel star-shaped compounds with a triphenylamine core and carbazole or fluorene sidearms have been synthesized by Suzuki cross-coupling. The star-shaped molecules are able to form molecular glasses. They were characterized regarding their thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties. The new compounds were tested as organic semiconductors in solution processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Mobilities of 3 × 10-4 cm2/(V s), high on/off ratios of up to 105, and low threshold voltages were obtained. The new materials show very small hysteresis and an exceptionally high stability under ambient conditions.
The TETRIS terminology tool (2002)

The TETRIS project at the Institut fur Angewandte Informationsforschung is a MUL- TILINT follow-up project in collaboration with BMW and a number of smaller German com- panies. TETRIS provides linguistically intelligent components for specification, production and maintenance of multilingual documents supporting authors for technical documentation and manuals as well as terminologists. The paper presents the TETRIS terminology tool. TETRIS has a prescriptive terminology tool which detects variants of terms in documents and in the lists of terms. The paper discusses the technical realization and implementation in detail. We show that an example-based approach fruitfully complements a rule-based approach for the detection of terminological variants.
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> –Induced Apoptosis Is Defective in Respiratory Epithelial Cells Expressing Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (2003)

Chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa constitutes the most severe manifestation of cystic fibrosis, a scenario that results from defects in early clearance of the microbe. Early clearance involves epithelial cell ingestion of bacteria, rapid activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and cellular desquamation within minutes of P. aeruginosa infection, processes that are deficient in cells with mutant alleles of Cftr. Analyzing the effect of Cftr genotype on the apoptotic response of airway epithelial cells to P. aeruginosa, we found that human bronchial epithelial cells expressing Delta F508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) underwent significantly delayed apoptosis compared with cells expressing wild-type (WT) CFTR. Mice with a WT Cftr allele had apoptotic cells in their lungs after P. aeruginosa infections, whereas mice homozygous for the Delta F508 or G551D Cftr alleles showed little apoptosis in response to acute infection. Pseudomonal infection induced expression of CD95 and CD95 ligand, a response that was also delayed in cells homozygous for mutant Cftr alleles. Thus, WT CFTR expression promotes a rapid expression of CD95/CD95 ligand and apoptotic response to P. aeruginosa infection. Prompt apoptosis of infected epithelial cells may be critical for clearance of P. aeruginosa, and CFTR-associated defects in apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of the lung disease in cystic fibrosis.
Insecticide Resistance in <i>Anopheles funestus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mozambique (2006)

Abstract Malaria control in southern Mozambique is currently by indoor residual carbamate insecticide treatment, with pyrethroid-treated bed-nets distributed to pregnant women and children under five in northern Mozambique. The susceptibility of Anopheles funestus s.s. to pyrethroid, carbamate, organochlorine, and organophosphorus insecticides was determined by World Health Organization adult mosquito susceptibility tests at 19 localities in Mozambique, from March 2000 to July 2002. Biochemical assays were carried out on mosquitoes from the same families to detect shifts in the quantity or activity of enzyme families involved in insecticide detoxification. An. funestus from all localities remained fully susceptible to DDT and the organophosphorus insecticide malathion. A high level of pyrethroid resistance was detected in An. funestus populations in southern Mozambique. An. funestus outside Maputo province were still susceptible to pyrethroids. An. funestus from six localities also were resistant to carbamate insecticides propoxur and bendiocarb. Both pyrethroid and carbamate resistance occurred in five of these six localities. Mosquitoes from five of the localities with elevated p450 estimates, compared with the insecticide-susceptible Durban strain, were pyrethroid-resistant. The only exception to this trend was Mozal, which had elevated p450 estimates but full pyrethroid susceptibility by bioassay. The lack of cross-resistance between pyrethroids and DDT in Mozambican An. funestus suggests that a kdr-type target site resistance mechanism has not been selected. Low levels of insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase, the target site for carbamates and organophosphates, were found in all populations tested. The high level of metabolically based pyrethroid resistance has implications for current malaria control programs in Mozambique.
Distributed Access Control in Cloud Computing Systems (2016)

With the tremendous increase in the number of distributed applications, the issue of distributed access control has become an important research topic for both academia and industry. In distributed computing environments like cloud computing or service computing, authentication and authorization are the two important functions to be performed, to make sure that unauthorized users do not access distributed system components. An effective access control mechanism is an essential security component as far as protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of information hosted in the cloud is concerned. An effective access control mechanism implemented in the cloud domain should be scalable, reliable, and robust and it should provide required features and procedures for identity provisioning, deprovisioning, authentication, authorization, accounting, and auditing. In this chapter, we discuss the issue of distributed access control, major features and functionalities, access control policies and models, distributed access control architecture for multicloud environments, trust, and identity management in cloud computing environments. Related work shows some of the major research activities in the area of distributed access control considering the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches that have been adopted. We conclude this chapter by discussing a few research issues in the area of distributed access control in the cloud environment.
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair for Mitral Regurgitation (2003)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) associated with, ischemic, and degenerative (prolapse) disease, contributes to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction due to remodeling, and LV dilation, resulting in worsening of MR. Mitral valve (MV) surgical repair has provided improvement in survival, LV function and symptoms, especially when performed early. Surgical repair is complex, due to diverse etiologies and has significant complications. The Society for Thoracic Surgery database shows that operative mortality for a 1st repair is 2% and for re-do repair is 4 times that. Cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest are required. The attendant morbidity prolongs hospitalization and recovery. Alfieri simplified mitral repair using an edge-to-edge technique which subsequently has been shown to be effective for multiple etiologies of MR. The MV leaflers are typically brought together by a central suture producing a double orifice MV without stenosis. Umana reported that MR decreased from grade 3.6 +/- 0.5 to 0.8 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.0001) and LV ejection fraction increased from 33 +/- 13% to 45 +/- 11% (P = 0.0156). In 121 patients, Maisano reported freedom from re-operation of 95 +/- 4.8% with up to 6 year follow-up. Oz developed a MV "grasper" that is directly placed via a left ventriculotomy and coapts both leaflets which are then fastened by a graduated spiral screw. An in-vitro model using explanted human valves showed significant reduction in MR and in canine studies, animals followed by serial echo had persistent MV coaptation. At 12 weeks the device was endothelialized. These promising results have paved the way for a percutaneous or minimally invasive-off pump mitral repair. Evalve has developed catheter-based technology, which, by apposing the edges of a regurgitant MV, results in edge-to-edge repair. Release of the device is done after echo and fluoroscopic evaluation under normal loading conditions. If the desired effect is not produced the device can be repositioned or retrieved. Animal studies show excellent healing, with incorporation of the device into the leaflets at 6-10 weeks with persistent coaptation. Another percutaneous approach has been to utilize the proximity of the coronary sinus (CS) to the mitral annulus (MA). Placement of a self-compressing device in the CS along the region of the posterior MA has, in canine models, reduced MR and addresses the issues of MA dilation and its contribution to MR. Ongoing studies are underway for both techniques.
Application of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of an inflammatory response antigen in subclinical mastitic milk samples (1991)

A monoclonal antibody to a 23.5-kDa bovine inflammatory antigen present in high levels in mastitic milk has been used in an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen milk samples from herds of cattle for subclinical mastitis. The results from 20 herds with a total of 2,612 quarter samples are presented. Good correlation was observed between the ELISA level and the milk cell count (MCC). The results demonstrated an average of 5% false negatives (1.8% associated with isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus spp.) and 7.7% false positives for each herd in relation to mastitic (greater than 400,000 cells per ml) or nonmastitic (less than 400,000 cells per ml) MCCs.
Microwave Photonics Applications of Multicore Fibers (2012)

This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the application of multicore fibers (MCFs) to the field of microwave photonics (MWP) has been proposed. The implementation of sampled optical delay lines for RF signals by means of heterogeneous MCFs is addressed as a generic building block and discussion is then centered on several selected applications including filtering, optical beamforming, and arbitrary waveform generation.
Zur Geschichte der Geometrie (1996)

Die Mathematik wird mit einem Baum verglichen. Die Mengenlehre ist ihr Stamm, gerade, glatt und hochgewachsen. Algebra, Geometrie, Analysis…sind die Äste. Die Forschungsrichtungen sind die Zweige, wo das Geschöpf Gottes heute wächst. Dem Blick verborgen bleibt die tragende Basis, die ihre unsichtbaren Wurzeln in den Boden treibt, wenn die Zweige in die Höhe spriessen.
Incentives in BitTorrent induce free riding (2005)

We investigate the incentive mechanism of BitTorrent, which is a peer-to-peer file distribution system. As downloaders in BitTorrent are faced with the conflict between the eagerness to download and the unwillingness to upload, we relate this problem to the iterated prisoner's dilemma, which suggests guidelines to design a good incentive mechanism. Based on these guidelines, we propose a new, simple incentive mechanism. Our analysis and the experimental results using PlanetLab show that the original incentive mechanism of BitTorrent can induce free riding because it is not effective in rewarding and punishing downloaders properly. In contrast, a new mechanism proposed by us is shown to be more robust against free riders.
Erythropoietin as a Tissue-Protective Cytokine in Brain Injury: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? (2004)

In the 10 years since neurotrophic activity was first reported for erythropoietin (EPO), a broad understanding of its multiple paracrine/autocrine functions has emerged. Recent studies firmly establish EPO as a multifunctional molecule, typical of the pliotrophic cytokine superfamily of which it is a member. The realization that EPO activates neuroprotection by multiple mechanisms has identified a generalized system of local tissue protection with EPO as a critical component. Here, the authors characterize the biology of the local tissue-protective system, review data that support this concept, and suggest why non-hematopoietic analogues of EPO may be better choices as therapeutics.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor as a therapeutic drug for chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. (2003)

The Philadelphia chromosome found in leukemia cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients is produced by translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in expression of a chimera protein of Bcr and Abl kinase in the cytoplasm. Bcr-Abl kinase attracted oncology researchers as a molecular target for CML therapy, and a variety of small Abl kinase inhibitors were synthesized. STI571 (imatinib mesylate) was produced by modification of 2-phenylaminopyrimidine, a core structure of protein kinase C inhibitor, to improve selectivity, stability, solubility, and bioavailability. STI571 competitively binds to the ATP binding site of Bcr-Abl kinase and inhibits Abl tyrosine kinase activity. STI571 showed significant efficacy in the clinical study with CML patients at all stages: chronic phase, accelerated phase, and blast crisis. More than 90% of the patients showed good hematologic response to STI571. STI571 is also a potent inhibitor of a receptor-type c-Kit tyrosine kinase. Therefore, STI571 was examined for therapeutic efficacy against malignant Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), which are mainly caused by aberrant expression of a mutated c-Kit that is constitutively active without binding of a ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). More than a half of the metastatic GIST patients enrolled in the clinical study responded to STI571. Thus, STI571 is now used as a therapeutic drug for both CML and GIST in more than 80 countries worldwide. Certain point mutations in the ATP binding site were found to be a cause of resistance to STI571 in both Bcr-Abl and c-Kit kinases. Therefore, it would be better to make a precise therapeutic strategy with STI571 based on the gene analysis data. It is also expected that it will be possible to design an inhibitor to overcome such resistance by using the structural information on the mutants.
An intelligent fault-tolerant strategy for AUV integrated navigation systems (2015)

To ensure the security and reliability of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), an intelligent fault-tolerant strategy for integrated navigation systems is presented in this paper. The improved federated Kalman filter (FKF) is designed to fuse the multiple subsystems, including strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), magnetic compass (MCP), Doppler velocity log (DVL) and terrain aided navigation (TAN). The intelligent fault-tolerant structure of SINS/MCP/DVL/TAN integrated navigation system is first established, which includes adaptive local filters and fault isolation decision (FID) modules. Fuzzy logic is introduced to adaptively adjust the measurement covariance matrixes of local filters online. FID module is implemented based on fuzzy reasoning. The simulation results show that, the proposed fault-tolerant strategy detects and insulates the faults effectively, which can greatly improve the reliability and guarantee the safety of AUVs in complex underwater environments.