gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural scene understanding for mobile robot navigation (2002)

In this paper, we focus on some perceptual functions required by a generic task "GOTO" in natural environments; in previous works, only geometrical modeling has been used to deal with two fundamental tasks: landmark extraction and recognition for sensor-based motion control or robot localization, and terrain modeling for motion planning. Geometrical representations alone lead to a bulky model, and, after some iterations, to a combinatorial explosion. We present here, higher level representations; from a range image, given some assumptions on the perceived scene (even ground with few objects), we propose a segmentation algorithm to extract simple semantical representations for the ground and the objects; then, we can analyze the relative positions of the objects to build a topological scene description. Both models constitute the scene model, needed for further incremental environment modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physics based contrast marking and inpainting based local texture comparison for clustered microcalcification detection (2004)

As important early signs of breast cancers, microcalcifications (MCs) are still very difficult to be reliably detected by either radiologists or computer-aided diagnosis systems. In general, global, regional, and local properties of the mammogram should all be considered in the analysis process. In our effort, we incorporate the physical nature of the imaging process with the image analysis techniques to detect the clustered microcalcifications based on local contrast marking and self-repaired texture comparison. Suspicious areas are first obtained from a simplified X-ray imaging model where the MC contrast is a nonlinear function of local intensity. Following a removal and repair (R&R) procedure of the suspicious areas from their surrounding background textures, pre- and post- R&R local characteristic features of these areas are extracted and compared. A modified AdaBoost algorithm is then used to train the classifier for detecting individual microcalcification, followed by a clustering process to obtain the clustered MCs. Experiments on the MIAS database have shown promising results.
Upregulation of selective cholesteryl ester uptake pathway in mice with deletion of low-density lipoprotein receptor function (1999)

This study examines the effect of mutation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on cholesterol metabolism, and especially lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl ester uptake, in murine ovarian granulosa cells. Although the tests were conducted on cells prepared by two different procedures, the results are similar. Deletion of LDLR function did not noticeably affect key enzymes of the steroidogenic pathway or affect progestin production and secretion in granulosa cells. No change was found in expression of LDL-related protein (LRP). These data suggested that cholesterol turnover in cells from the knockout animals is within normal limits and that the cells are not stressed to acquire more cholesterol. Both biochemical and morphological data indicate that unstimulated granulosa cells from LDLR-/- mice are nonetheless programmed to take in double the amount of lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl ester (via the selective cholesteryl ester uptake pathway) and to process (hydrolyze, re-esterify, or utilize) more than twofold the cholesteryl ester processed by cells from wildtype (LDLR+/+) animals. Bt2cAMP stimulation of the murine granulosa cells increases the mass of cholesteryl ester taken up by the selective pathway by an additional 38%. To determine to what extent this increase is related to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) scavenger receptor protein (SR-BI) or caveolin function, Western blots and immunohistochemical studies were performed under a variety of conditions. SR-BI levels are found to be low in unstimulated cells of both LDLR+/+ and LDLR-/- animals, but highly expressed (approximately 20-fold increase over basal levels) in stimulated (Bt2cAMP) cells of both animal models. Thus, the functional relationship between selective cholesteryl ester uptake and SR-BI receptor protein is not as tight as in previously reported studies, suggesting a requirement for other tissue factors. Caveolin expression did not change under any of the conditions tested and appears not to be functionally involved in this process.
Novel catalytic activity associated with positive-strand RNA virus infection: nucleic acid-stimulated ATPase activity of the plum pox potyvirus helicaselike protein (1991)

The cylindrical inclusion protein of potyviruses contains the so-called nucleoside triphosphate binding motif, an amino acid sequence motif present in proteins encoded by most positive-strand RNA viruses, some double-strand RNA viruses, apparently all groups of double-strand DNA viruses, and also several single-strand DNA viruses. Further sequence analysis has allowed to include the cylindrical inclusion protein of potyviruses as a member of a superfamily of helicaselike proteins. In this paper we show that the purified cylindrical inclusion protein of plum pox potyvirus interacts with RNA and ATP and copurifies with a nucleic acid-stimulated ATPase activity. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this kind of enzymatic activity has been experimentally associated with a positive-strand RNA virus-encoded protein.
Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 (2021)

In critically ill patients with Covid-19 receiving organ support in ICUs, treatment with the interleukin-6 receptor antagonists tocilizumab and sarilumab improved outcomes, including survival. (REMAP-CAP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02735707.).
Emerging Role of Microemulsions in Cosmetics (2008)

Microemulsions represent a promising carrier system for cosmetic active ingredients due to their numerous advantages over the existing conventional formulations. They are capable of solubilizing both hydrophilic and lipophilic ingredients with relatively higher encapsulation. There is growing recognition of their potential benefits in the field of cosmetic science in addition to the drug delivery. They are now being widely investigated for preparing personal care products with superior features such as having improved product efficiency, stability or appearance. They are well suited for the preparation of various cosmetic products for use as moisturizing and soothing agents, as sunscreens, as antiperspirants and as body cleansing agents. They are also valuable for use in hair care compositions which ensure a good conditioning of the hair as well as good hair feel and hair gloss. They have also found application in after shave formulations which upon application to the skin provide reduced stinging and irritation and a comforting effect without tackiness. These newer formulations elicit very good cosmetic attributes and high hydration properties with rapid cutaneous penetration which may accentuate their role in topical products. These smart systems are also suitable for perfuming purposes where minimum amount of organic solvents is required, such as for perfuming skin or hair. This article highlights the recent innovations in the field of microemulsion technology as claimed by different patents which can bring unique products with great commercial prospects in a very competitive and lucrative global cosmetic market.
Halftoning for color-indexed displays (2003)

In many applications, the color bit-depth of an image has to be modified, typically lowered, to match the rendering device. Halftoning is typically used to reduce the effects of quantization, which can produce objectionable contouring effects. Until now, color-indexed images whose palette was a subset of the colors of the image could only be dithered using error diffusion. We present an algorithm for color halftoning when the color palette is image-dependent. Experimental results demonstrate that our new algorithm does not introduce color shifts, color spikes, or wormy textures, and has greater preservation of detail.
Evaluation of the Functional Performance for Carbonated Beverage Packaging: A Review for Future Trends (2016)

Carbonated beverage packaging are widely used all over the world and in Egypt.. Aluminum cans and PET bottles using increased day by day versus glass bottles. Although, the glass bottles means quality, Aluminum cans and PET bottles are still the first and second choices for most consumers.   Carbonated soft drinks CSD packaging require ease openings, handling, and high gas barrier properties. Glass bottles in 1980s remained the dominate packaging in the Egyptian market before plastic bottles and aluminum cans invaded the markets.. Aluminum cans undergone many important developments throughout years to compete with glass and PET bottles. The research aimed to evaluate the current situation of carbonated beverage packaging for best performance according to consumer and product requirements. The study questioned if aluminum cans and PET bottle have good performance and respond to what are expected. Furthermore, if they will forefront the markets with its current state. The study findings ascertained that there are some challenges for both PET bottles; concerning carbonation loss and aluminum cans that related to reclosing and proper sanitary problems. In The following years, there may be active PET bottles and re-closable aluminum cans seen in the markets. Key words : Carbonated beverage, Aluminum cans, carbonation loss, closing system, PET, Glass bottle, REOE, CSD
Plasma‐sprayed coatings of tetracalciumphosphate, hydroxyl‐apatite, and α‐TCP on titanium alloy: An interface study (1991)

In order to study the interaction of calcium phosphate coatings with bone tissue, coated titanium cylinders with a standard size were implanted in dog femora. Coatings were made by plasma spraying powders of hydroxylapatite, beta-whitlockite, and tetracalciumphosphate particles. The plasma spraying process turns beta-whitlockite into alpha-TCP. Bone bonding and bone formation were evaluated by mechanical push-out tests and histological observations. Hydroxylapatite and tetracalciumphosphate coatings show an interface strength after 3 months of implantation of 34.3 +/- 6.5 MPa and 26.8 +/- 3.9 MPa, respectively, while alpha-TCP and blanco titanium lead to an interface strength of 10.0 +/- 3.5 MPa and 9.7 +/- 1.3 MPa, respectively. Histological examinations revealed that hydroxylapatite and tetracalciumphosphate give rise to an excellent bone formation, while alpha-TCP and blanco titanium evoked remodeling and less bone contact.
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Comparison of Human Fetal Retina, hPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids, and Long-Term Retinal Cultures (2020)

To study the development of the human retina, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at key fetal stages and follow the development of the major cell types as well as populations of transitional cells. We also analyze stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal organoids; although organoids have a very similar cellular composition at equivalent ages as the fetal retina, there are some differences in gene expression of particular cell types. Moreover, the inner retinal lamination is disrupted at more advanced stages of organoids compared with fetal retina. To determine whether the disorganization in the inner retina is due to the culture conditions, we analyze retinal development in fetal retina maintained under similar conditions. These retinospheres develop for at least 6 months, displaying better inner retinal lamination than retinal organoids. Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) comparisons of fetal retina, retinal organoids, and retinospheres provide a resource for developing better in vitro models for retinal disease.
High sensitivity permeability measurements of striped films obtained by input impedance (2001)

We propose a new method to measure the permeability of striped films. The permeability can be obtained by the change in the input impedance of the film. The sensitivity of these measurements are compared with the figure-eight coil method. The sensitivity of the method is estimated over 100 times greater than a conventional figure-eight coil method. The permeability of striped CoNbZr films (100 /spl mu/m wide) can be measured accurately using this permeameter.
Capsule Biosynthesis and Basic Metabolism in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Are Linked through the Cellular Phosphoglucomutase (2000)

Synthesis of the type 3 capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae requires UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) for production of the [3)-beta-D-GlcUA-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1-->](n) polymer. The generation of UDP-Glc proceeds by conversion of Glc-6-P to Glc-1-P to UDP-Glc and is mediated by a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and a Glc-1-P uridylyltransferase, respectively. Genes encoding both a Glc-1-P uridylyltransferase (cps3U) and a PGM homologue (cps3M) are present in the type 3 capsule locus, but these genes are not essential for capsule production. In this study, we characterized a mutant that produces fourfold less capsule than the type 3 parent. The spontaneous mutation resulting in this phenotype was not contained in the type 3 capsule locus but was instead located in a distant gene (pgm) encoding a second PGM homologue. The function of this gene product as a PGM was demonstrated through enzymatic and complementation studies. Insertional inactivation of pgm reduced capsule production to less than 10% of the parental level. The loss of PGM activity in the insertion mutants also caused growth defects and a strong selection for isolates containing second-site suppressor mutations. These results demonstrate that most of the PGM activity required for type 3 capsule biosynthesis is derived from the cellular PGM.
A Model for Enhancing Internet Medical Document Retrieval with "Medical Core Metadata" (1999)

The authors propose that their medical core metadata set be used to assign metadata to medical documents to facilitate document retrieval by Internet search engines.
Local and systemic immune responses in murine Helicobacter felis active chronic gastritis (1993)

Helicobacter felis inoculated per os into germfree mice and their conventional non-germfree counterparts caused a persistent chronic gastritis of approximately 1 year in duration. Mononuclear leukocytes were the predominant inflammatory cell throughout the study, although polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates were detected as well. Immunohistochemical analyses of gastric mucosa from H. felis-infected mice revealed the presence of mucosal B220+ cells coalescing into lymphoid follicles surrounded by aggregates of Thy-1.2+ T cells; CD4+, CD5+, and alpha beta T cells predominated in organized gastric mucosal and submucosal lymphoid tissue, and CD11b+ cells occurred frequently in the mucosa. Follicular B cells comprised immunoglobulin M+ (IgM+) and IgA+ cells. Numerous IgA-producing B cells were present in the gastric glands, the lamina propria, and gastric epithelium. Infected animals developed anti-H. felis serum IgM antibody responses up to 8 weeks postinfection and significant levels of IgG anti-H. felis antibody in serum, which remained elevated throughout the 50-week course of the study.
Isolation of a novel glycoprotein (EDC1) from the urine of a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia. (1976)

Gel filtration of urine from Patient ED with acute myelocytic leukemia showed a prominent protein peak with elution position corresponding to molecular weights of 20,000 to 35,000. The protein (EDC1) was isolated in pure form by sequential gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight of purified EDC1 was 27,000; it contained 27% carbohydrate and was rich in half-cystine (5% of residues). EDC1 was antigenically and chemically distinct from the recognized glycoproteins of normal plasma. With a specific rabbit antiserum and 125l-labeled EDC1, a radioimmunoassay for the glycoprotein was developed. Both noncancer and cancer plasmas contained immunoreactive material. In noncancer plasma, all the immunoreactivity was eluted from Sephadex G-75 and G-200 in position corresponding to molecular weights of 60,000 to 100,000 (Peak 1). In cancer plasma, an additional peak of immunoreactivity was eluted in the position corresponding to EDC1 (M.W., 20,000 to 30,000; Peak 2). Eighty-six % of urines from patients without clinical cancer were nonreactive in radioimmunoassay (less than 0.1 microgram immunoreactive EDC1 per ml); 11 and 3%, respectively, contained immunoreactivity equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 and 1 to 9 microgram EDC1 per mi, entirely of Peak 1 type. Ninety-one % of urines from patients with disseminated cancer contained immunoreactivity equivalent to 10 to 9,999 microgram EDC1 per ml, primarily of Peak 2 type.
Improved Risk Prediction Calculator for Sentinel Node Positivity in Patients With Melanoma: The Melanoma Institute Australia Nomogram (2020)

A robust nomogram was developed that more accurately estimates the risk of SN positivity in patients with melanoma than currently available methods. The model only requires the input of 6 widely available clinicopathologic parameters. Importantly, the number of patients undergoing unnecessary SN biopsy would be significantly reduced compared with use of the MSKCC nomogram or the NCCN or ASCO/SSO guidelines, without losing sensitivity. An online calculator is available at www.melanomarisk.org.au.
Novel molecular tools to uncover the genetic architecture of hemp fibre quality (2020)

Six fibre hemp accessions were used in this study: CRA410, CRA412, CRA416, CRA420, FNPC243 and WU101 (Table Plants were cultivated in Westerlee (The Netherlands, 53N
Fe Based Soft Magnetic Alloys Composed of Ultrafine Grain Structure (1989)

Magnetic properties of Fe-Cu-M-Si-B (M: Nb, Mo, Ta, W, etc.) alloys prepared by annealing amorphous alloys were investigated for development of new Fe based soft magnetic alloys. In the case of annealing the alloys above the crystallization temperature, excellent soft magnebc properties which correspond to those of Co based amorphous alloys were obtained. Especially, the alloys containing Cu and Nb were superior to the alloys containing other elements.These new alloys were composed of ultrafine grain structure. The alloys were about 10 nm in grain diameter and the main phase of them was presumed to be a bcc Fe solid solution which contains Si and B. This might be attributed to the effect of the bcc Fe solid solution nucleation by Cu and the suppression of the grain growth by Nb.The newly developed alloys are suitable for many kinds of magnetic components such as saturable reactors, choke coiles and transformers because of their excellent soft magnetic properties and high saturation flux density.
Leaf‐Like V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Nanosheets Fabricated by a Facile Green Approach as High Energy Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2013)

Leaf-like V2O5 nanosheets are fabricated by a facile green approach. Used as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, this nano-structured material exhibits superior performance, i.e., high rate capability and good capacity retention upon cycling. Thus, the leaf-like V2O5 Nanosheets are promising as a cathode material for high power lithium batteries.
Solution Thermochemical Study of a Fluorous Tertiary Phosphine Ligand in Rhodium and Ruthenium Systems (1998)

The enthalpies of reaction of a fluorous tertiary phosphine, P(CH2CH2(CF2)5CF3)3 (PRf3 ) with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 (1) and Cp‘Ru(COD)Cl (Cp‘ = η5-C5H5 (2), η5-C5Me5 (3)), leading to the formation of RhCl(CO)(PRf3)2 and Cp‘Ru(PRf3)2Cl complexes have been measured by anaerobic solution calorimetry in THF at 30.0 °C. These reactions are rapid and quantitative. The measured reaction enthalpies allow for a quantitative determination of characteristic phosphine steric and electronic parameters associated with this novel tertiary phosphine ligand. Sterically, the P(CH2CH2(CF2)5CF3)3 ligand appears identical to PEt3.
Epinephrine doses delivered from auto-injectors stored at excessively high temperatures (2015)

EAIs should be stored under recommended conditions of the manufacturer. EAIs stored at excessively high temperatures cannot be used to treat humans while still hot, and when cooled, cannot be relied on to deliver the labeled epinephrine dose in anaphylaxis.
Outpatient Evaluation of Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension (2011)

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VTDM: a variable bit rate TDM switch architecture for video stream (2003)

This paper proposes the variable bit rate TDM (VTDM) switch architecture, which not only has the advantage of TDM but also can support VBR traffic. The VTDM frame is designed for accommodating video data by enlarging the size of the time slot and synchronizing the VTDM frame length with the video frame interval. The double-buffer scheme allows a guarantee of maximum switching delay and a slight delay jitter. It is shown that adequate performance can be achieved by simply applying traffic shaping. By utilizing the header information of the VTDM frame and the scheduler operation, an intelligent priority control, leading to picture quality attainment, can be implemented.
High occupancy binding of antigenic peptides to purified, immunoadsorbed H-2Db   <i>beta</i>  2m molecules. (1993)

In an effort to examine the peptide binding properties of purified class I MHC molecules, we have developed a solid phase, radiolabeled peptide binding assay based on the use of H-2Db molecules bound to agarose beads via heavy chain-specific mAb. Using purified Db beta 2m, recovered from RMA-S cells and bound to immunoadsorbent beads through either alpha 1 or alpha 3 region specific antibodies, complete occupancy of these molecules could be achieved with 125I-Y366-374 influenza nucleoprotein peptide (Kd 10(-7) M). Approximately 12% of the Db beta 2m dimers recovered from RMA cells could be occupied by this influenza nucleoprotein peptide under the same conditions. When free Db heavy chains were isolated from beta 2m negative R1E.Db cells by bead-bound alpha 3-region specific antibody (28-14-8S) and were incubated with human beta 2m, high affinity (Kd 10(-8) M) binding sites were created for the 125I-Y367-374 influenza nucleoprotein peptide. In addition to demonstrating that a significant fraction of the heavy chains present in R1E.Db cells are in a beta 2m-reactive form, the R1E.Db cells provide an alternate approach to that of RMA-S derived Db beta 2m empties for the creation of homogeneous complexes of Db, beta 2m, and antigenic peptide. We anticipate that these bead-bound empty and defined peptide-class I complexes may be useful in the further study of class I MHC target structure formation and recognition.