gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the poly-L-proline-binding site on human profilin. (1994)

Profilin is a ubiquitous protein that has been implicated in the signaling pathway leading to cytoskeletal rearrangement in cells. An unusual property of profilin is its high binding affinity for poly-L-proline (PLP). This binding property is conserved in the profilins from diverse species with little sequence homology. We have monitored the binding of PLP to profilin by fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. NMR spectroscopy has identified several residues whose amide nitrogen and amide hydrogen chemical shifts are significantly perturbed by binding of PLP. The affected residues are located at various locations throughout profilin's primary structure; however, mapping the location of the affected residues onto the recently determined three-dimensional solution structure of human profilin indicates that the effects of PLP binding are highly localized. Poly-L-proline binds profilin at the hydrophobic interface between profilin's NH2- and COOH-terminal helices and the upper face of its antiparallel beta-sheet. In contrast, residues located on the opposite side of the profilin structure are unaffected. The extent of the potential interaction surface of the PLP-profilin complex suggests that as few as 6 contiguous prolines would be sufficient for binding profilin. Examination of sequence data bases indicates that stretches of prolines of this length and longer occur in numerous regulatory proteins, suggesting that the ability of profilin to bind polyproline may be an important component of its signaling capabilities.
A drug that facilitates glutamatergic transmission reduces exploratory activity and improves performance in a learning‐dependent task (1993)

Abstract A recently developed benzamide compound which facilitates glutamate receptor‐mediated synaptic responses was used to test behavioral consequences of enhanced glutamatergic transmission. The drug was found to depress exploratory activity by rats in a novel environment. At a dose below threshold for causing such effects, drug‐treated and control rats exhibited no evident behavioral differences during the acquisition phase of a radial maze experiment. Yet, when tested 2.5 h later, experimental animals were more likely than controls to choose maze arms that had not been entered during the acquisition session, suggesting that the drug enhanced retention of information about prior choices and the maze environment. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germination and conjugation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the intestine of gnotobiotic rats (2008)

Strains of B. thuringiensis are used worldwide to combat insect pests, and this study brings new insights into the nature of B. thuringiensis showing the potential of the bacteria to germinate and transfer DNA in the mammalian intestinal tract.
Design of Said Weighing Control System Based on Time Error Control (2015)

At present, weighing control system of concrete mixing station mainly uses the discharge valve opening control. And because of unequal drain holes, uneven materials particle sizes, the changing distance between materials and hopper, the material weighing error is large, the concrete mixing ratio error is also imprecise, and the concrete strength quality and curing time have also been great affected. This system uses the time error control principle. According to the material weight error of the last discharge valve open time, the next open time difference is calculated. The last material weight error is compensated. Many discharges effectively solve the error problems of said weighing system and improve measurement accuracy and the mix proportion of concrete. This control method has been successfully applied to the mixing station control system of PLC reconstruction to ensure the system stable operation and concrete curing time, improve weighing precision and concrete strength quality. It has been proven to improve the system running environment and achieve good economic benefits.
Scattering control using square and hexagonal checkerboard surfaces (2015)

The reflection variation property of Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures can be utilized to reduce the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of ground planes. Combining PEC and EBG structures on the same ground plane forms checkerboard surfaces which can achieve a RCS reduction in a narrow frequency band. However, a wider band RCS reduction can be realized by combining two different EBG structures. It can realize 60% frequency bandwidth for the 10-dB RCS reduction. The scattered fields for square checkerboard surfaces are re-directed toward four quadrants, while the scattering for hexagonal checkerboard surfaces are toward six directions. The maxima of the RCS for checkerboard surfaces in the four quadrants are 10 dB less than those of the PEC ground plane, and more than 19 dB RCS reduction is obtained along the principal planes. Both bistatic and monostatic RCS are compared with those of the equal-sized PEC ground planes.
Otra oportunidad para Medea Una aproximación a la posición ética y política del Movimiento social de mujeres contra la guerra en Colombia (2004)

El Movimiento Social de Mujeres en Colombia durante el siglo XX y lo que va corrido de este se ha caracterizado por su constante reflexion acerca de la guerra y sus funestas consecuencias para hombres y mujeres, para ninas y ninos, para el medio ambiente, para los recursos de las comunidades. Fruto de este ejercicio de civilidad surgen acciones, propuestas, movilizaciones que involucran cada dia mas la conciencia, la participacion y la toma de posturas coherentes con la busqueda de la Paz y la apuesta por la Noviolencia como horizonte etico y politico. Teniendo como hilo conductor la tragedia de Medea en la version de Euripides, quien asesina a sus hijos en acto de venganza, este articulo nos lleva por la realidad que viven principalmente las mujeres en un pais en guerra que tambien sacrifica a quienes mas ama: sus hijos e hijas en un ritornelo de violencia, al parecer, sin fin. Pero la propuesta es hacer cierta la vision y la sensibilidad de las mujeres en la construccion de otra nacion posible en la reparacion y la justicia, para que entre todos le demos Otra oportunidad a Medea.
The Open Research Web: A Preview of the Optimal and the Inevitable (2006)

Further development of GNU EPrints and Citebase, together with the growing webwide database of Open Access (OA) articles, and the data we will collect and analyse from it, will allow us to do several things for which the unique historic moment has arrived with the Research Assessment Exercise's recent transition to metrics: (1) Motivate more researchers to provide OA by self-archiving; (2) map the growth of OA across disciplines, countries and languages; (3) navigate the OA literature using citation-linking and impact ranking; (4) measure, extrapolate and predict the research impact of individuals, groups, institutions, disciplines, languages and countries; (5) measure research performance and productivity, (6) assess candidates for research funding; (7) assess the outcome of research funding, (8) map the course of prior research lines, in terms of individuals, institutions, journals, fields, nations; (9) analyze and predict the direction of current and future research trajectories;(10) provide teaching and learning resources that guide students (via impact navigation) through the large and growing OA research literature in a way that navigating the web via google alone cannot come close to doing.
Transverse quantum Stern–Gerlach magnets for electrons (2011)

In the Stern–Gerlach experiment, silver atoms were separated according to their spin state (Gerlach and Stern 1922 Z. Phys. 9 353–355). This experiment demonstrates the quantization of spin and relies on the classical description of motion. However, so far, no design has led to a functional Stern–Gerlach magnet for free electrons. Bohr and Pauli showed in the 1930 Solvay conference that Stern–Gerlach magnets for electrons cannot work, at least if the design is based on classical trajectories (Pauli W 1932 Proc. of the 6th Solvay Conf. 2 (1930) (Brussels: Gauthier-Villars) pp 183–86, 217–20, 275–80; Pauli W 1964 Collected Scientific Papers ed R Kronig and V F Weiskopf, vol 2 (New York: Wiley)). Here, we present ideas for the realization of a Stern–Gerlach magnet for electrons in which spin and motion are treated fully quantum mechanically. We show that a magnetic phase grating composed of a regular array of microscopic current loops can separate electron diffraction peaks according to their spin states. The experimental feasibility of a diffractive approach is compared to that of an interferometric approach. We show that an interferometric arrangement with magnetic phase control is the functional equivalent of an electron Stern–Gerlach magnet.
Facial expression analysis using a sparse representation based space model (2012)

With the development of information technologies, facial expression analysis becomes more and more essential to human computer interaction (HCI). A natural way to analysis facial expression is derived from the study on human emotion which is regarded as the intrinsic origin of facial expression. Another issue for facial expression analysis is to extract substaintial facial features that correspond with visual perception system. Based on these observations, we present a sparse representation based space model for facial expression analysis which applies Gabor filters to extract facial features. The sparse representation based facial expression space model is induced from human emotion space and then can describe mixture facial expressions which are usual in daily life. Experiments on JAFFE database demonstrate the validity of the proposed facial expression space model.
Expression of the Primary Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor Is Downregulated during Skeletal Muscle Maturation and Limits the Efficacy of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery to Muscle Cells (1999)

Skeletal muscle fibers are infected efficiently by adenoviral vectors only in neonatal animals. This lack of tropism for mature skeletal muscle may be partly due to inefficient binding of adenoviral particles to the cell surface. We evaluated in developing mouse muscle the expression levels of two high-affinity receptors for adenovirus, MHC class I and the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). The moderate levels of MHC class I transcripts that were detected in quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and heart muscle did not vary between postnatal day 3 and day 60 adult tissue. A low level of CAR expression was detected on postnatal day 3 in quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles, but CAR expression was barely detectable in adult skeletal muscle even by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, CAR transcripts were moderately abundant at all stages of heart muscle development. Ectopic expression of CAR in C2C12 mouse myoblast cells increased their transducibility by adenovirus at all multiplicities of infection (MOIs) tested as measured by lacZ reporter gene activity following AVCMVlacZ infection, with an 80-fold difference between CAR-expressing cells and control C2C12 cells at an MOI of 50. Primary myoblasts ectopically expressing CAR were injected into muscles of syngeneic hosts; following incorporation of the exogenous myoblasts into host myofibers, an increased transducibility of adult muscle fibers by AVCMVlacZ was observed in the host. Expression of the lacZ reporter gene in host myofibers coincided with CAR immunoreactivity. Furthermore, sarcolemmal CAR expression was markedly increased in regenerating muscle fibers of the dystrophic mdx mouse, fibers that are susceptible to adenovirus transduction. These analyses show that CAR expression by skeletal muscle correlates with its susceptibility to adenovirus transduction, and that forced CAR expression in mature myofibers dramatically increases their susceptibility to adenovirus transduction.
Laser Doppler Detection Systems for Gas Velocity Measurement (1970)

The velocity of gas flow has been remotely measured using a technique which involves the coherent detection of scattered laser radiation from small particles suspended in the fluid utilizing the doppler effect. Suitable instrumentation for the study of wind tunnel type and atmospheric flows are described. Mainly for reasons of spatial resolution, a function of the laser wavelength, the wind tunnel system utilizes an argon laser operating at 0.5 micro. The relaxed spatial resolution requirement of atmospheric applications allows the use of a carbon dioxide laser, which has superior performance at a wavelength of 10.6 micro, a deduction made from signal-to-noise ratio considerations. Theoretical design considerations are given which consider Mie scattering predictions, two-phase flow effects, photomixing fundamentals, laser selection, spatial resolution, and spectral broadening effects. Preliminary experimental investigations using the instrumentation are detailed. The velocity profile of the flow field generated by a 1.27-cm diam subsonic jet was investigated, and the result compared favorably with a hot wire investigation conducted in the same jet. Measurements of wind velocity at a range of 50 m have also shown the considerable promise of the atmospheric system.
In vitro and in vivo model systems used in prostate cancer research (2015)

New incidence of prostate cancer is a major public health issue in the Western world, and has been rising in other areas of the globe in recent years. In an effort to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this disease, numerous cell models have been developed, arising mostly from patient biopsies. The introduction of the genetically engineered mouse in biomedical research has allowed the development of murine models that allow for the investigation of tumorigenic and metastatic processes. Current challenges to the field include lack of an animal model that faithfully recapitulates bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
BRIDGE SCOUR EVALUATION: SCREENING, ANALYSIS, & COUNTERMEASURES (1998)

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a Technical Advisory in 1988 revising the National Bridge Inspection Standards to require evaluation of all bridges for susceptibility to damage resulting from scour. In accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding between the Forest Service and the FHWA, the Forest Service is required to implement the Technical Advisory, establish a scour evaluation program, and submit reports to FHWA discussing the progress of the evaluation program. Prior to 1998, the Forest had not implemented a scour evaluation program. In 1998, an Engineering Technology Development Proposal was funded to develop a scour evaluation program, specifically for the Forest Service, that all Regions of the Forest Service could implement. The project was to outline a single process and establish criteria, methods, and guidelines that would ensure consistency throughout the agency and eliminate duplication of effort. The project was completed in cooperation with the Regional Bridge Engineers and was organized into three phases: (1) Review the FHWA guidelines and existing public road agency scour programs; (2) Develop a scour evaluation program specifically for the Forest Service based on the information from Phase 1; and (3) Provide support for the program during implementation by the Regions. This document is the culmination of Phases 1 and 2. The developed Scour Evaluation Program is a four-step process: (1) Office Screening and Management Priority Analysis; (2) Field Review, Scour Vulnerability Analysis, and Prioritizing; (3) Detailed Scour Evaluation; and (4) Plan of Action. Each step is discussed in detail in this document.
Accurate spectral characterization of polarization-dependent loss (2003)

Building on previous work, a rapid automated nonmechanical measurement system for spectral characterization of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) has been developed. A deterministic fixed-states Mueller-Stokes method in conjunction with realtime calibrated spectral information is used to derive wavelength-dependent Mueller matrix elements. Voltage-modulated liquid-crystal variable retarders set the input polarization states. A narrow voltage-tuned filter provides a wavelength sweep following a broadband source; the sweep wavelength is calibrated in realtime by hydrogen cyanide reference lines. This rapid measurement system can measure PDL over a wavelength range of 15 nm in 5 s. A complete uncertainty analysis has been conducted for PDL in the range of 0.05 to 0.3 dB with an expanded uncertainty of 0.0098 dB over the range of 1535 to 1560 nm. Performance was verified using a Fresnel reference. Finally, design and performance results from all-fiber artifact calibration standards are presented.
Control of thrombus embolization and fibronectin internalization by integrin αIIbβ3 engagement of the fibrinogen γ chain (2003)

Fibrin(ogen) deficiency (Fg-/-) was shown previously to be compatible with rapid thrombus growth within injured arterioles, but platelet fibronectin content was increased and newly formed thrombi were unstable. To further define the role of fibrin(ogen) in thrombus formation and stabilization, platelet biology was examined in mice expressing a form of fibrinogen that clots normally but lacks the gamma chain C-terminal binding site for alpha IIb beta 3 (Fg gamma Delta 5). Thrombus growth within the arterioles of Fg gamma Delta 5 mice appeared faster than in wild-type mice despite a far greater emboli formation. Unlike Fg-/- mice, the emboli were relatively small and released from the top of thrombi, rather than by fracture at the vessel wall. The fibronectin content in Fg gamma Delta 5 platelets was also dramatically increased through a beta 3 integrin-dependent mechanism. The following has been concluded: (1) Fibrin formation contributes to, but is not sufficient for, the stabilization of arterial thrombi. Platelet receptor engagement of the C-terminal of the Fg gamma chain contributes to the stable incorporation of platelets into thrombi. (2) Alternative ligands to fibrinogen can support efficient thrombus growth. (3) Fibrinogen is internalized through alpha IIb beta 3 engagement of the fibrinogen gamma chain element, and this interaction secondarily controls the fibronectin content of platelets.
Effect of Topical Dexmedetomidine (0.0055%) on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Eyes: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

Fakhoury H, Abdelmassih Y, El-Khoury S, <i>et al.</i> The Effect of Topical Dexmedetomidine (0.0055%) on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Eyes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2021;15(2):58-63.
Accurate test for nasopharyngeal cancer developed by Canadian researchers (1999)

Earlier diagnosis and treatment of a hard-to-detect type of cancer that is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Hong Kong, Southern China and many Mediterranean and Pacific Rim countries is a step closer to reality, thanks to a new test developed by Canadian researchers.

Dr. Michael Dosch,
Multigate single-electron transistors and their application to an exclusive-OR gate (2000)

The two-input exclusive-OR (XOR) function was implemented by a multigate single-electron transistor (SET). Two types of multigate SETs operating at 40 K were fabricated on a top silicon layer of an Si-on-insulator wafer by using a special technique called pattern-dependent oxidation. Two small gate electrodes which act as the input gates were formed over the small SET island. The output current of the devices took a high level when a high voltage was applied to either of the two gates with the other gate grounded, while it took a low level when both gates were grounded or fed with a high voltage. It is striking that such an XOR function can be implemented with just one device.
Isolation, culture, and characterization of rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (1994)

Highly pure primary cultures of rat lung microvascular endothelial cells were obtained from peripheral lung tissue using a combination of selective culture strategies. The cells had a characteristic morphology consistent with an endothelial origin and were positive for a number of endothelial cell markers, including uptake of fluorescent acetylated lactate dehydrogenase, binding of the lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, and positive immunofluorescence staining with two endothelial cell monoclonal antibodies. The cells behaved as microvascular endothelial cells using an in vitro angiogenesis assay. This isolation method provides a simple method for culturing the pulmonary microvasculature of the rat and these studies support the idea that endothelial cells from different vessels exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity. This method should prove useful for studying specialized endothelial cell function and differentiation in vitro.
γ-Glutamylpeptide Formative Activity of<i>Corynebactevium glutamicum</i>by the Reverse Reaction of the γ-Glutamylpeptide Hydrolytic Enzyme (1978)

To clarify the mechanism of the γ-l-glutamylpeptide formation in the l-glutamic acid fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicum, γ-glutamylpeptide synthetic activity of the intact cells and the cell extracts of the bacteria was studied. γ-l-GIu-l-GIu and other various γ-glutamylpeptides were formed by these crude preparations under high substrate amino acid concentrations without direct or indirect biological energy supplying systems. It was revealed that these enzyme preparations possessed strong hydrolytic activity to γ-glutamylpeptides, and that notable amounts of these peptides could be formed by the reverse reaction of the hydrolysis. These reactions were found to be catalyzed by an enzyme. To give the evidence, the equilibrium constants of the hydrolysis of γ-L-glutamylpeptides, the substrate specificity and the distribution of the enzyme among various strains of the bacteria were studied. The partial purification of the enzyme gave sufficient proof to the idea. The mechanism was thought to contribute to the γ-l-GIu-l-GIu formation in the fermentation.
Selective increase of brain lactate synthesis in experimental acute liver failure: Results of a [1H-13C] nuclear magnetic resonance study (2003)

Acute liver failure (ALF) results in alterations of energy metabolites and of glucose-derived amino acid neurotransmitters in brain. However, the dynamics of changes in glucose metabolism remain unclear. The present study was undertaken using (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the rates of incorporation of glucose into amino acids and lactate via cell-specific pathways in relation to the severity of encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF because of hepatic devascularization. Early (precoma) stages of encephalopathy were accompanied by significant 2- to 4.5-fold (P <.001) increases of total brain glutamine and lactate concentrations. More severe (coma) stages of encephalopathy and brain edema led to a further significant increase in brain lactate but no such increase in glutamine. Furthermore, (13)C isotopomer analysis showed a selective increase of de novo synthesis of lactate from [1-(13)C]glucose resulting in 2.5-fold increased fractional (13)C enrichments in lactate at coma stages. [2-(13)C]glutamine, synthesized through the astrocytic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase, increased 10-fold at precoma stages but showed no further increase at coma stages of encephalopathy. (13)C-label incorporation into [4-(13)C]glutamate, synthesized mainly through neuronal pyruvate dehydrogenase, was selectively reduced at coma stages, whereas brain GABA synthesis was unchanged at all time points. In conclusion, increased brain lactate synthesis and impaired glucose oxidative pathways rather than intracellular glutamine accumulation are the major cause of brain edema in ALF. Future NMR spectroscopic studies using stable isotopes and real-time measurements of metabolic rates could be valuable in the elucidation of the cerebral metabolic consequences of ALF in humans.