gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automated pipeline for constructing personalized virtual brains from multimodal neuroimaging data (2015)

Large amounts of multimodal neuroimaging data are acquired every year worldwide. In order to extract high-dimensional information for computational neuroscience applications standardized data fusion and efficient reduction into integrative data structures are required. Such self-consistent multimodal data sets can be used for computational brain modeling to constrain models with individual measurable features of the brain, such as done with The Virtual Brain (TVB). TVB is a simulation platform that uses empirical structural and functional data to build full brain models of individual humans. For convenient model construction, we developed a processing pipeline for structural, functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optionally electroencephalography (EEG) data. The pipeline combines several state-of-the-art neuroinformatics tools to generate subject-specific cortical and subcortical parcellations, surface-tessellations, structural and functional connectomes, lead field matrices, electrical source activity estimates and region-wise aggregated blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) time-series. The output files of the pipeline can be directly uploaded to TVB to create and simulate individualized large-scale network models that incorporate intra- and intercortical interaction on the basis of cortical surface triangulations and white matter tractograpy. We detail the pitfalls of the individual processing streams and discuss ways of validation. With the pipeline we also introduce novel ways of estimating the transmission strengths of fiber tracts in whole-brain structural connectivity (SC) networks and compare the outcomes of different tractography or parcellation approaches. We tested the functionality of the pipeline on 50 multimodal data sets. In order to quantify the robustness of the connectome extraction part of the pipeline we computed several metrics that quantify its rescan reliability and compared them to other tractography approaches. Together with the pipeline we present several principles to guide future efforts to standardize brain model construction. The code of the pipeline and the fully processed data sets are made available to the public via The Virtual Brain website (thevirtualbrain.org) and via github (https://github.com/BrainModes/TVB-empirical-data-pipeline). Furthermore, the pipeline can be directly used with High Performance Computing (HPC) resources on the Neuroscience Gateway Portal (http://www.nsgportal.org) through a convenient web-interface.
Universal Multiterminal Source Coding Algorithms With Asymptotically Zero Feedback: Fixed Database Case (2008)

Consider a source network in which a finite alphabet source X = {X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> is to be encoded and transmitted, and another finite alphabet source Y = {X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> correlated with X is available only to the decoder as side information. Traditionally, the channel between the encoder and decoder in the source network is assumed to be one-way. This, together with the fact that the encoder does not have access to Y, implies that the encoder has to know the achievable rates before encoding. In this paper, we consider universal source coding for a feedback source network in which the channel between the encoder and decoder is two-way and asymmetric. Assume that the encoder and decoder share a random database that is independent of both X and Y. A string matching-based (variable-rate) block coding algorithm with simple progressive encoding and joint typicality decoding is first proposed for the feedback source network. The simple progressive encoder does not need to know the achievable rates at the beginning of encoding. It is proven that for any (X, Y) in a large class of sources satisfying some mixing conditions, the average number of bits per letter transmitted from the encoder to the decoder (compression rate) goes to the conditional entropy H(X | Y) of X given Y asymptotically, and at the same time the average number of bits per letter transmitted from the decoder to the encoder (feedback rate) goes to 0 asymptotically. The algorithm and the corresponding analysis results are then extended to the case where both X and Y are to be encoded separately, but decoded jointly. Finally, a universal decoding algorithm is proposed to replace the joint typicality decoding, and the resulting universal compression algorithm consisting of the simple progressive encoder and the universal decoding algorithm is further shown to be asymptotically optimal for the class of all jointly memoryless source-side information pairs (X,Y).
Investigating the impact of NBTI on different power saving cache strategies (2010)

The occupancy of caches has tended to be dominated by the logic bit value ‘0’ approximately 75% of the time. Periodic bit flipping can reduce this to 50%. Combining cache power saving strategies with bit flipping can lower the effective logic bit value ‘0’ occupancy ratios even further. We investigate how Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) affects different power saving cache strategies employing symmetric and asymmetric 6- transistor (6T) and 8T Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cells. We notice that greater than 38% to 66% of the recovery in stability parameters (SNM and WNM) under different power saving cache strategies have been achieved for different SRAM cells based caches. We also study the process variations effect along with NBTI for 32nm and 45nm technology node. It is observed that the rate of recovery in asymmetric SRAM cells based caches is slightly higher than the symmetric and 8T SRAM cells based caches.
Localization of the AP-3 adaptor complex defines a novel endosomal exit site for lysosomal membrane proteins (2004)

The adaptor protein (AP) 3 adaptor complex has been implicated in the transport of lysosomal membrane proteins, but its precise site of action has remained controversial. Here, we show by immuno-electron microscopy that AP-3 is associated with budding profiles evolving from a tubular endosomal compartment that also exhibits budding profiles positive for AP-1. AP-3 colocalizes with clathrin, but to a lesser extent than does AP-1. The AP-3- and AP-1-bearing tubular compartments contain endocytosed transferrin, transferrin receptor, asialoglycoprotein receptor, and low amounts of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor and the lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) 1 and 2. Quantitative analysis revealed that of these distinct cargo proteins, only LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 are concentrated in the AP-3-positive membrane domains. Moreover, recycling of endocytosed LAMP-1 and CD63 back to the cell surface is greatly increased in AP-3-deficient cells. Based on these data, we propose that AP-3 defines a novel pathway by which lysosomal membrane proteins are transported from tubular sorting endosomes to lysosomes.
On parametric t-norm-sum-gravity inference method for fuzzy logic control (2002)

The input-output parametric relationship of a class of fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) using parametric t-norm-sum-gravity inference method is examined. The parametric t-norm of Dubois and Prade, which changes its characteristics by adjusting the parametric value /spl alpha/, is used respectively in calculating the firing level and output membership function of each control rule. The final input-output relation derived in this paper is concise enough to give users a more thorough insight about the FLC behavior. Because the behavior of the parametric t-norms can be modified by applying different parameter, the FLC using parametric t-norms equips the ability to adapt itself to diverse control requirements. This lessens the burden of the design engineers and at the same time makes the FLC more flexible.
Worm-free, worry-free : focus on parasite control (2009)

Consult your local veterinarian for an appropriate deworming programme for your horse's particular needs. Ideally select a deworming programme which is effective against both adult small strongyles, as well as their encysted larval stages. Aim to use a longer dosing interval, as this will help to reduce the likelihood of resistance developing.
Handling of deuterium pellets for plasma refuelling (1982)

The use of a guide tube technique to inject pellets in pellet-plasma experiments is described. The effect of the guide tube on the mass and speed of a slowly moving pellet ( nu approximately 150 m s-1) is negligible. To improve the divergence in trajectories of the pellets on leaving the guide tube a specially formed brass slide has been developed, which improves the aiming accuracy by a factor of 10. A simple method for determining the mass of larger pellets by means of a plate capacitor through which the pellets are shot is described. A method for small pellets as well has been investigated. This scheme employs a microwave cavity operating at aroung 9 GHz.
PerfCompass: Online Performance Anomaly Fault Localization and Inference in Infrastructure-as-a-Service Clouds (2015)

Infrastructure-as-a-service clouds are becoming widely adopted. However, resource sharing and multi-tenancy have made performance anomalies a top concern for users. Timely debugging those anomalies is paramount for minimizing the performance penalty for users. Unfortunately, this debugging often takes a long time due to the inherent complexity and sharing nature of cloud infrastructures. When an application experiences a performance anomaly, it is important to distinguish between faults with a global impact and faults with a local impact as the diagnosis and recovery steps forfaults with a global impact or local impact are quite different. In this paper, we present PerfCompass, an online performance anomaly fault debugging tool that can quantify whether a production-run performance anomaly has a global impact or local impact. PerfCompass can use this information to suggest the root cause as either an external fault (e.g., environment-based) or an internal fault (e.g., software bugs). Furthermore, PerfCompass can identify top affected system calls to provide useful diagnostic hints for detailed performance debugging. PerfCompass does not require source code or runtime application instrumentation, which makes it practical for production systems. We have tested PerfCompass by running five common open source systems (e.g., Apache, MySQL, Tomcat, Hadoop, Cassandra) inside a virtualized cloud testbed. Our experiments use a range of common infrastructure sharing issues and real software bugs. The results show that PerfCompass accurately classifies 23 out of the 24 tested cases without calibration and achieves 100 percent accuracy with calibration. PerfCompass provides useful diagnosis hints within several minutes and imposes negligible runtime overhead to the production system during normal execution time.
Data privacy and integrity appropriate for disk protection (2008)

To protect data privacy and integrity, it encrypts each protected disk sector and creates hash tree upon all the protected sectors to resist against any possible attacks. To make it an appropriate way for disk protection, it designs the required solutions of disk layout, performance optimizing and consistency maintaining. Disk layout uses a fixed disk region to preserve hash tree nodes; performance optimizing utilizes system memory to buffer those frequently used hash tree nodes to offload the big working cost; and consistency maintaining logs disk modifications to recovery the valid result after unexpected failures. The implementation cost is low and running performance is satisfiable. Analysis and experimental simulations show that it is a practical and available way to build secure disk.
Mechanical Testing of Hydrogels in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Beyond the Compressive Modulus (2013)

Injuries to articular cartilage result in significant pain to patients and high medical costs. Unfortunately, cartilage repair strategies have been notoriously unreliable and/or complex. Biomaterial-based tissue-engineering strategies offer great promise, including the use of hydrogels to regenerate articular cartilage. Mechanical integrity is arguably the most important functional outcome of engineered cartilage, although mechanical testing of hydrogel-based constructs to date has focused primarily on deformation rather than failure properties. In addition to deformation testing, as the field of cartilage tissue engineering matures, this community will benefit from the addition of mechanical failure testing to outcome analyses, given the crucial clinical importance of the success of engineered constructs. However, there is a tremendous disparity in the methods used to evaluate mechanical failure of hydrogels and articular cartilage. In an effort to bridge the gap in mechanical testing methods of articular cartilage and hydrogels in cartilage regeneration, this review classifies the different toughness measurements for each. The urgency for identifying the common ground between these two disparate fields is high, as mechanical failure is ready to stand alongside stiffness as a functional design requirement. In comparing toughness measurement methods between hydrogels and cartilage, we recommend that the best option for evaluating mechanical failure of hydrogel-based constructs for cartilage tissue engineering may be tensile testing based on the single edge notch test, in part because specimen preparation is more straightforward and a related American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard can be adopted in a fracture mechanics context.
Emission lines and winds from T Tauri stars (1990)

Strong emission lines and excess optical continuum emission are only seen in T Tauri stars when a circumstellar disk is present, as indicated by IR excess emission. Thus, it appears that the extreme emission and winds of T Tauri stars are probably driven by disk accretion.
Photonic Integrated Circuit Design in a Foundry+Fabless Ecosystem (2019)

A foundry-based photonic ecosystem is expected to become necessary with increasing demand and adoption of photonics for commercial products. To make foundry-enabled photonics a real success, the photonic circuit design flow should adopt known concepts from analog and mixed signal electronics. Based on the similarities and differences between the existing photonic and the standardized electronics design flow, we project the needs and evolution of the photonic design flow, such as schematic driven design, accurate behavioral models, and yield prediction in the presence of fabrication variability.
Rectilinear and polygonal <i>p</i>-piercing and <i>p</i>-center problems (1996)

Weconsiderthep-piercingproblem,inwhichwearegiven acollectionofregions,andwishtodeterminewhetherthere existsasetofppointsthatintersectseachofthegivenregions.Wegivelinearornear-linearalgorithmsforsmall valuesofpincaseswherethegivenregionsareeitheraxisparallelrectanglesorconvexc-orientedpolygonsintheplane (i.e.,convexpolygonswithsidesfromaxednitesetofdirections). Wealsoinvestigatetheplanarrectilinear(andpolygonal) p-centerproblem,inwhichwearegivenasetSofnpointsin theplane,andwishtondpaxis-parallelcongruentsquares (isotheticcopiesofsomegivenconvexpolygon,respectively) ofsmallestpossiblesizewhoseunioncoversS.Wealsostudy severalgeneralizationsoftheseproblems. Newresultsarealinear-timesolutionfortherectilinear3-centerproblem(byshowingthatthisproblemcan beformulatedasanLP-typeproblemandbyexhibitinga relationtoHellynumbers).WegiveO(nlogn)-timesolutionsfor4-piercingoftranslatesofasquare,aswellasfor therectilinear4-centerproblem;thisisworst-caseoptimal. WegiveO(npolylogn)-timesolutionsfor4-and5-piercing ofaxis-parallelrectangles,formoregeneralrectilinear4centerproblems,andforrectilinear5-centerproblems.2pierceabilityofasetofnconvexc-orientedpolygonscanbe decidedintimeO(c2nlogn),andthe2-centerproblemfor aconvexc-goncanbesolvedinO(c5nlogn)time.Therst solutionisworst-caseoptimalwhencisxed. BothauthorsacknowledgesupportbyG.I.F.|theGerman IsraeliFoundationforScienticResearchandDevelopment,and byaMaxPlanckResearchAward.WorkbyMichaSharirhasalso beensupportedbyNationalScienceFoundationGrantsCCR-94-
A 14 MeV Fusion Neutron Source for Material and Blanket Development and Fission Fuel Production (2012)

Fusion development will require materials capable of withstanding extensive harsh bombardment by energetic neutronsandplasma. Theplasma-basedgasdynamictrapneutronsourceconceptiscapableoftestingandqualifying materials and fusion blanket sub-modules for eventual deployment in fusion energy systems. In this paper we describe the suitability of this source to assess thermal fatigue in fusion blanket components caused by the small normal variability of neutron flux inherent in fusion energy concepts. A second part of the paper considers the requirements for a fusion‐fission hybrid suitable for producing fissile fuel. Both solid and molten salt fuel from blanket designs are described which emphasize non-proliferation and passive safety. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Gesture Heatmaps (2014)

We introduce gesture heatmaps, a novel gesture analysis technique that employs color maps to visualize the variation of local features along the gesture path. Beyond current gesture analysis practices that characterize gesture articulations with single-value descriptors, e.g., size, path length, or speed, gesture heatmaps are able to show with colorful visualizations how the value of any such descriptors vary along the gesture path. We evaluate gesture heatmaps on three public datasets comprising 15,840 gesture samples of 70 gesture types from 45 participants, on which we demonstrate heatmaps' capabilities to (1) explain causes for recognition errors, (2) characterize users' gesture articulation patterns under various conditions, e.g., finger versus pen gestures, and (3) help understand users' subjective perceptions of gesture commands, such as why some gestures are perceived easier to execute than others. We also introduce chromatic confusion matrices that employ gesture heatmaps to extend the expressiveness of standard confusion matrices to better understand gesture classification performance. We believe that gesture heatmaps will prove useful to researchers and practitioners doing gesture analysis, and consequently, they will inform the design of better gesture sets and development of more accurate recognizers.
The safety and utility of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for cranial procedures in a nonhuman primate model (2003)

Treatment of bone flaps and critical-sized cranial defects with rhBMP-2 leads to improved bone formation and osteointegration in nonhuman primates. Initial evaluation of rhBMP-2 appears to indicate a good safety profile for use in cranial procedures in primates.
Tangible User Interfaces Compensate for Low Spatial Cognition (2008)

This research investigates how interacting with tangible user interfaces (TUIs) affects spatial cognition. To study the impact of TUIs, a between subjects study was conducted (n=60) in which students learned about the operation of an anesthesia machine. A TUI was compared to two other interfaces commonly used in anesthesia education: (1) a Graphical User Interface (a 2D abstract simulation model of an anesthesia machine) and (2) a Physical User Interface (a real world anesthesia machine). Overall, the TUI was found to significantly compensate for low user spatial cognition in the domain of anesthesia machine training.
Effect of Thermally Treated Talc in Poly(amic acid) and Characterization of the Polyimide Composite Film (2008)

An unusual increase in Tg of polyimide composite film consisting of semi-alicyclic polyimide (PI-1) and thermally treated talc (b') was observed by TMA measurement, where the Tg jumped as high as +50 K from the original one with 45 wt% of the baked talc. The degrees of (i) increasing viscosity of the solution with PI-1 precursor and the talc, (ii) increasing Tg of the composite film, and (iii) increasing tensile modulus of the composite film were all corresponded to the amount of thermal weight loss from the original talc. According to XRD and TEM observations, the morphological change of the stacking layer structure inherently talc owns was not occurred while the talc was subjected to bake at 700 °C in nitrogen. Since TG-MS elucidated that the emerged components during the thermal treatment was assignable to carbon dioxide, the original talc included some carbonate impurities. The volume of that contaminant involved in talc thus supposed to be correlation to the film thermal property.
DIETARY GANGLIOSIDE INHIBITS ACUTE INFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA AND BLOOD INDUCED BY SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (2007)

Our previous study demonstrated that feeding ganglioside increased total ganglioside content while decreasing cholesterol and caveolin-1 content in developing rat intestinal lipid microdomains. Cholesterol or caveolin depletion in membranes inhibits inflammatory signaling by disrupting microdomain structure. We hypothesized that dietary ganglioside-induced reduction in cholesterol content will reduce proinflammatory mediators in the intestinal mucosa after acute exposure to bacterial endotoxin. Weanling rats were fed semipurified diets with 0.1% (wt/wt of total fat) gangliosides (treatment) or without ganglioside (control). After 2 weeks of feeding, half of animals from each diet group were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4, intraperitoneal, 3 mg/kg body weight) to induce acute gut inflammation. Intestinal mucosa and blood were collected after 6 h. The effect of dietary ganglioside on proinflammatory mediators including cholesterol, platelet-activating factor, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was determined in inflamed mucosa and blood. Feeding animals the control diet increased cholesterol content in intestinal lipid microdomains by 92% after LPS injection compared with saline injection. Animals fed the ganglioside diet significantly decreased cholesterol content in lipid microdomains by 60% compared with animals fed the control diet. Feeding animals the ganglioside diet increased total ganglioside content by 90% while decreasing platelet-activating factor content by 45% in the inflamed mucosa by acute systemic exposure to LPS compared with animals fed the control diet. When animals were fed the ganglioside diet, the levels of prostaglandin E2, LTB4, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were lower in inflamed mucosa, and LTB4, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were decreased in plasma by 41%, 58%, and 55% compared with control animals, respectively. The present study demonstrates that dietary gangliosides inhibit proinflammatory signals in the intestine and blood induced by acute inflammation of LPS and suggests therapeutic potential in the treatment and management of acute local and systemic inflammatory diseases.
Laminar Air Flow Handling Systems in the Operating Room (2018)

Early studies reported lower infection rates with laminar air flow and therefore it became the accepted standard for implant-related surgery. However, more recent evidence has questioned its clinical importance. The purpose of this article is to review contemporary laminar air flow handling systems and the current evidence behind their use.