gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine Recycled Rubber (1980)

Abstract A technical advance in the size reduction of cured scrap rubber has been achieved by a new process. The performance of products whose particle dimensions are 90% under 20 µm in diameter has been described in this study. When small panicle size rubber made by this process is used to extend high quality compounds, the degree of retention of key properties of the extended compounds surpasses that of compounds extended with conventional recycled materials. Many unexpected product and process improvement characteristics have been reported. In most cases, the properties of the extended compound are close to those of the unextended compound, even at high loading levels. Initial trials using this unique paniculate rubber at up to 30% concentrations in bias-ply passenger tire treads have shown no performance deficiencies. The addition of RR does not require any special processing techniques, mixing cycles, or equipment. Substantial cost savings are possible by extending virgin rubber compounds with ultrafine recycled rubber.
The effect of an amphiphilic self‐assembled lipid lamellar phase on the relief of dry skin (2012)

Humectant and occlusive technologies have traditionally been used for the treatment of dry skin. Originally, non-lamellar-forming ingredients were used such as petrolatum but recent research has shown the advantage of using lamellar-forming ingredients such as ceramides, pseudoceramides and phospholipids in the relief of dry skin. Nevertheless, the importance of using lipid-phase transition inducers, such as long-chain fatty acids, has not been studied clinically. The evaluation of a novel complex of lipophilic ingredients was of interest: cetyl alcohol, isostearyl isostearate, potassium cetyl phosphate, cetyl behenate and behenic acid. The combination of all these ingredients was shown to be more effective than any single component in water vapour transmission rate studies. This was thought to be owing to the formation of a unique structural organization of the lipids upon dry-down from an O/W emulsion as was examined by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. When evaluated clinically in a randomized double-blind and vehicle-controlled moisturization efficacy trial, this novel blend of ingredients was shown to not only improve the visible signs of skin dryness to a significantly greater extent than a comparable mineral oil-containing vehicle but also then maintain a better skin condition during the regression no-treatment phase of the study. This combination of ingredients offers a new technology option for the treatment of dry skin.
Ion-molecule-reaction mass spectrometer for on-line gas analysis (1998)

We describe an apparatus for ion-molecule-reaction mass spectrometry. It is suitable for on-line gas analysis covering the mass range from 1 to 200 amu with a sensitivity of about 1 ppm. The gas to be analyzed is ionized by reaction with a primary ion beam at low collision energy. A mass-selected ion source allows the fast switching among three primary ions beams (Xe+, Kr+, and CF3I+), covering the recombination energy range from 10.23 to 14.67 eV. Calibration measurements and an example of application to the study of heterogeneous catalysis are presented.
A phase III trial of short-term androgen deprivation therapy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. (2015)

5019 Background: The place of short term androgen deprivation therapy (STADT) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) for patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer (IRPC) remains controversial. The purpose of this prospective, randomized trial was to compare outcomes between patients with IRPC treated with different doses of RT with or without STADT, (PCS III trial, Clinical Trials.gov, #NCT00223145). Methods: From December 2000 to September 2010, 600 patients with IRPC were randomized to 6 months of STADT and two levels of prostate RT doses of 70 (arm 1) or 76 Gy (arm 2) versus prostate dose-escalated RT alone at 76 Gy (arm 3). STADT consisted of bicalutamide and gosereline for six months. RT (2 Gy per fraction) started four months after the beginning of STADT. Biochemical failure and disease-free survival (DFS) were primary end-points, with overall survival (OS) as secondary endpoint. DFS and OS rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier and compared with log rank test and Cox regression. Results: Patient’s characteristics were well balanced among the 3 arms (median age 71 years, median PSA 10 ng/ml, median Gleason score 7 and clinical stage). At a median follow-up of 6.5 years, biochemical failure occurred in 96 (16%) patients (arms 1 to 3: 13.5%, 11%, 23.5%) with statistical difference between arm 1 and 3 (p = 0.01) and arm 2 and 3 (p < 0.001) but not between arm 1 and 2. A total of 130 (21.7%) patients died with only 7 deaths (1.2%) attributed to prostate cancer. The 5-/10-year DFS rates were 92.8%, 97.1% and 85.5%, and 78.4%, 78.3% and 65.9%, respectively. Significant differences in DFS between the treatment arms were observed at 5 and 10 years between arm 1 and 3 (p = 0.015, p = 0.012) and arm 2 and 3 (p < 0.001 at 5-/10-year) but not between arm 1 and 2 (p = 0.052, p = 0.385). The 5-/10-year OS rates were 90.9%, 93.6% and 90.8%, and 63.8%, 70.8% and 75%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in OS between arms at 5 and 10 years. Conclusions: In patients with IRPC, the use of STADT in association with RT, even at lower doses, leads to a superior biochemical control and DFS as compared to dose-escalated RT alone. These outcomes did not translate into an improved OS. Source of Funding: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Grant. Clinical trial information: #NCT00223145.
The Discovery of Crown Ethers (Noble Lecture) (1988)

The founders of “supramolecular chemistry” include Charles J. Pedersen, Donald J. Cram , and Jean‐Marie Lehn , who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 for their fundamental research in this area of organic chemistry. Their work focused the attention of many chemists on the cavities formed by certain types of molecules. Cations, anions, or neutral molecules can enter the cavities of specifically designed compounds and are held there by inter‐molecular forces. It is fully justified, therefore, to compare such compounds to biomolecules. How the development began, how it achieved its first successes, and what fascinating possibilities lie in store for future research are discussed by Pedersen and Cram in this issue and by Lehn in the January issue (page 89 ff.). The most recent results from Lehn's research are also reported, appropriately, in this issue.
NMR Studies on Ferrocytochrome $C_3$ and its Interaction with Ferredoxin I (1999)

The 1H NMR signals of the heme methyl, propionate and related chemical groups of cytochrome C3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F (D.v. MF) were assigned by means of 1D NOE, 2D DQFCOSY and 2D TOCSY spectra. They were consistent with the assignments of the hemes with the highest and second-lowest redox potentials reported by Gayda et al. [Reference: 15]. The heme assignments were also supported by NOE between the methyl groups of these hemes and the side chain of Val-18, All the results contradicted the heme assignments for D.v. MF cytochrome C3 made on the basis of NMR [Reference: 11]. Based on these assignments, the interaction of cytochrome C3 with ferredoxin I was investigated by NMR. The major interaction site of cytochrome C3 was identified as the heme with the highest redox potential, which is surrounded by the highest density of positive charges. The stoichiometry and association constant were two cytochrome C3 molecules per monomer of ferredoxin I and 108 M-2 (at 53 mM ionic strength and ), respectively.
Profil des producteurs de goût : le recrutement social des membres de l’Académie Goncourt (2005)

De 1903 à 2003, 51 écrivains se sont succédés aux dix couverts de l’Académie Goncourt. Pendant un siècle, ces écrivains, souvent restés dans l’ombre alors que les projecteurs se braquaient sur les lauréats du prix, ont fabriqué de nombreuses gloires littéraires et orienté le goût du grand public. Qui sont‐ils ? Qu’ont‐ils en commun ? Leur profil social permet‐il de comprendre leurs choix ? A‐t‐il changé au cours du siècle ? Cette évolution, s’il y a lieu, reflète‐t‐elle celle du monde des let...
Inflammatory parameters in saliva and blood from healthy children and adolescents (2011)

At present times, there is interest in the use of saliva as a diagnosis, prediction and progression alternative of different pathologies in relation to the body fluids. To correlate the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (RSTBA) and O2 in the saliva and blood of systematically healthy children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed in 23 healthy children and adolescents aged from 4 to 17 underwent to clinical tests to demonstrate the oral conditions and immunological to identify the cytokine levels and the RSTBAs by colorimetry trial. There was a significant difference in saliva samples compared to that of peripheral blood in study cytokines and RSTBAs: IL-1 (blood: 1.646 ± 0.13 pg/mL, saliva: 552.36 ± 75.7 pg/mL; IL-6 (blood: 3.506 ± 1.85 pg/mL, saliva: 26.89 ± 9.97 pg/mL: TNF-α (blood: 12.91 ± 3.05 pg/mL, saliva: 43.56 ± 6.44 pg/mL), RSTBA (blood: 9.46 ± 3.26 nmol/mL, saliva: 1.26 ± 0.03 nmol/mL). There was not a statistically significant difference among blood and saliva samples for IL-1, IL-6 and RSTBA values. As regards TNF-α it was demonstrated a significant correlation, rs= 0.78. There was not evidence of cells positive to O2 in study samples. Results of correlation analysis obtained among the saliva and serum samples not offer evidences that saliva may be used as body fluid allows substituting the serum determination of IL-1, IL-6 and RSTBA. In the case of the TNF-α, there was a significant correlation, which could to propose the possible substitution of serum samples for the salivary ones.
Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Polyesters of Various Types by Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization (2000)

A series of liquid crystalline polyesters of different types were prepared by the acyclic diene metathesis polymerization method. These polymers are of main-chain, side-chain, and combined types. Polymerizations were conducted at 25−50 °C either in solution or in bulk using the so-called Grubbs' catalyst, bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)benzylideneruthenium dichloride. The monomers utilized in this investigation are all isolated dienes containing a built-in aromatic type mesogenic unit or an aromatic ester type mesogen bearing the cholesterol pendant through oxydodecyloxy spacer or monomesogenic terephthalate ester unit bearing the cholesterol pendant through a spacer. Bulk polymerization produced higher MW polymers than solution polymerization as expected from the known polymerization mechanism. Liquid crystallinity and phase transition properties of obtained polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Re: Active Surveillance Program for Prostate Cancer: An Update of The Johns Hopkins Experience (2011)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Oct 2011Re: Active Surveillance Program for Prostate Cancer: An Update of The Johns Hopkins Experience Patrick C. WalshM.D. Patrick C. WalshPatrick C. Walsh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(11)60453-9AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Active Surveillance Program for Prostate Cancer: An Update of The Johns Hopkins Experience." The Journal of Urology, 186(4), p. 1310 © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 186Issue 4October 2011Page: 1310 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Patrick C. Walsh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The SSCL LINAC control system (2002)

The SSCL Global Accelerator Control System (GACS) is a standard multi-layered system. Six levels of functional hierarchy are used to specify and describe the GACS. Level 6 provides information exchange services. No true control functions are performed at this level. This level is used to provide a pathway for the exchange of information between the Control System and SSCL computer services. Level 5 is the machine integration level of the system. At this level, controls for all SSCL machines, i.e., LINAC, LEB, MEB, HEB and Collider, are integrated into a single unit. This level includes a central control room for operations. Level 4 is the machine control level. At this level all module level controls are integrated into an SSCL machine, in this case the LINAC. Level 3 is the LINAC module controls. The function of Level 3 is to tie the various subsystem controls together into stand-alone modules, i.e., Ion Source, RFQ, etc. Level 2 controls are defined as those which logically combine a group of front-end systems into a control unit. Subsystem controls such as vacuum and RF are performed at this level. Level 1 is the front-end controls. This level provides interconnections between sensors and controls, signal conditioning, I/O module interfaces, front-end processors and local operator stations used for system maintenance and commissioning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid on adipose tissue. II. Antilipolytic and hypoglycemic effects in vivo. (1967)

5-Methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid stimulated the incorporation of labeled glucose into adipose tissue in vivo without stimulating the incorporation of labeled glucose into glycogen of the diaphragm and without increasing the glucose turnover of normal rats to any significant degree. Nicotinic acid shared with 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid these effects on adipose tissue metabolism. 5-Methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid blocked the rise of the plasma free fatty acids and partially prevented the rise of the blood sugar in acutely insulin-deficient rats due to the maintenance of a normal utilization of glucose by the tissues (muscle) despite insulin deficiency. After prolonged treatment with 5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid an escape phenomenon was observed. 5-Methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid still acutely depressed the level of free fatty acids, but the effect was short lived. 5-Methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid stimulated incorporation of glucose into glycerides of adipose tissue more markedly and more rapidly in pretreated than in normal rats, but the fatty acids and glycerides synthesized from glucose left the tissue again more rapidly.
Identification of an Osteogenic Protein-1 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7)-Responsive Element in the Promoter of the Rat Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-5 Gene* (2000)

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, induces new bone formation in vivo and regulates the expression of numerous growth factors. We previously showed that OP-1 down-regulates the transcription of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) in primary cultures of fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells. In the present study we identified, within the IGFBP-5 promoter, a 21-bp region that confers OP-1 responsiveness in FRC cells. Within this region lie three putative cis-acting regulatory elements, viz. a CAAT-like sequence, a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPalpha)-like element, and a c-Myb or E-box-like motif. Mutations in the CAAT-like sequence reduced the promoter activity in both control and OP-1-treated cells, but did not abrogate the OP-1-induced down-regulation. Mutations in the C/EBPalpha-like element reduced the promoter activity in both control and OP-1-treated cells without significantly affecting the extent of down-regulation. Mutations in the putative c-Myb or E-box-like motif reduced the promoter activity in both the OP-1-treated and control cells and completely abolished the inhibitory effect of OP-1 on the IGFBP-5 promoter activity. Gel mobility shift analyses further showed specific interaction between nuclear protein(s) in FRC cells and the 21-bp region. OP-1 down-regulates the nuclear regulatory protein interaction with the 21-bp region by reducing either the cellular concentration of the regulatory protein(s) or the affinity of the regulatory protein(s) for the OP-1 responsive element. In conclusion, we identified an OP-1 response region in the rat IGFBP-5 promoter and further showed that OP-1 down-regulates the nuclear protein interaction with the response element(s).
Determinants of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer. Quality of Life and Symptom Control Committees of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. (1997)

Several pretreatment HQL, patient, and treatment characteristics are associated with the occurrence of PCNV. Patients about to receive moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy should be screened for these factors and additional measures, such as behavior modification and modification of antiemetic therapy, should be considered in attempts to improve the control of PCNV.
AlGaN/GaN Dual-Channel Lateral Field-Effect Rectifier With Punchthrough Breakdown Immunity and Low On-Resistance (2009)

We propose an AlGaN/GaN dual-channel lateral field-effect rectifier (DCL-FER) with improved balance between the reverse breakdown voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BV</i> ) and on-resistance. Instead of utilizing a long single enhancement-mode (E-mode) Schottky-controlled channel to enhance the punchthrough <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BV</i> but inevitably sacrifice the on-resistance, the DCL-FER features a dual channel consisting of one E-mode section and one depletion-mode (D-mode) section in series. The D-mode channel provides higher carrier density that facilitates high on-current or low on-resistance while still preventing the E-mode channel from being punched through under high reverse voltage. For rectifiers with the same physical dimensions (a drift region length of 5 ¿m and a Schottky-controlled channel length of 2 ¿m), the DCL-FER is shown to deliver comparable <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BV</i> while featuring 53% lower on-resistance.
Distributed Iterative Detection in an Interference Limited Cellular Network (2007)

This paper presents a novel strategy for interference mitigation in an uplink of high reuse cellular networks through distributive processing. It is proposed that the neighboring base stations cooperate by exchanging information while performing classical single user detection. This information exchange can be iterative, improving the estimate of the desired signal with each step. To reduce the required communication band width for the backhaul, only exchange of the detected bits for the nearest mobile terminal at each base station is suggested. These detected bits can be used to regenerate interference at the neighboring base station, which is subtracted out resulting in an interference reduced signal and a more reliable estimate. The proposed algorithms works well as long as the desired signal is not fully masked by the interference, which may happen in a reuse one system. In addition, different schemes for the receiver cooperation have also been explored and their performance compared.
Reliable Decision Support using Counterfactual Models (2017)

Decision-makers are faced with the challenge of estimating what is likely to happen when they take an action. For instance, if I choose not to treat this patient, are they likely to die? Practitioners commonly use supervised learning algorithms to fit predictive models that help decision-makers reason about likely future outcomes, but we show that this approach is unreliable, and sometimes even dangerous. The key issue is that supervised learning algorithms are highly sensitive to the policy used to choose actions in the training data, which causes the model to capture relationships that do not generalize. We propose using a different learning objective that predicts counterfactuals instead of predicting outcomes under an existing action policy as in supervised learning. To support decision-making in temporal settings, we introduce the Counterfactual Gaussian Process (CGP) to predict the counterfactual future progression of continuous-time trajectories under sequences of future actions. We demonstrate the benefits of the CGP on two important decision-support tasks: risk prediction and "what if?" reasoning for individualized treatment planning.
Low-profile ultra-wideband inverted-hat monopole antenna for 50 MHz–2 GHz operation (2009)

A compact low-profile UWB monopole antenna is proposed to operate from 50 MHz up to 2 GHz. The developed double-ellipse inverted-hat antenna (IHA) is 15 inches in aperture, 6 inches tall, and achieves −15 dBi gain at 75 MHz (when it is λ/10 in aperture size) in the presence of a finite 21 inch diameter ground plane, with the corresponding frequency being 50 MHz for an infinite ground plane. Calculated and measured gain data are given with reasonable agreement. The triple-ellipse IHA is investigated to resolve impedance matching issues at higher frequencies. Gain performance against antenna height and aperture are also studied. The proposed antenna is especially suited for small unmanned aerial vehicles.
Acute finger temperature changes preceding sleep onsets over a 45‐h period (2002)

A resurgence in the field of sleep initiation and thermoregulation has seen a number of investigators reporting relatively gradual increases in distal skin temperatures of the hands and feet prior to sleep onset at typical bedtimes. The present study extends upon prior knowledge by investigating whether: (1) this is a change of distal skin temperature triggered specifically by the attempt to fall asleep and (2) whether this relationship holds for various phases of the circadian rhythm whenever sleep is attempted. Fourteen healthy good sleepers participated in a modified 45-h constant routine (CR) with multiple sleep onset latency tests (MSLT) conducted every half hour. After a brief decrease of finger temperature associated with small postural adjustments at the beginning of each sleep latency test, finger temperature showed rapid (0.8 degrees C min-1) increases of 1-3 degrees C leading up to the onset of sleep. This rapid increase of finger temperature was relatively consistent across the 45-h CR, despite very significant circadian variation of the pre-MSLT baseline finger temperature and homeostatic decrease of sleep latency.
Continuous <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C Signal Enhancement in NMR Spectroscopy and MRI Using Parahydrogen and Hollow‐Fiber Membranes (2010)

Parahydrogen-induced polarization is used for the continuous generation of hyperpolarized molecules. Constant 1H and 13C NMR signal enhancement is demonstrated using a continuous delivery of parahydrogen by hollow fiber membranes (see picture, left), which allows the acquisition of two-dimensional NMR signals requiring multiple acquisitions with constant initial polarization. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.