gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of STAT3 and ZEB1 Proteins in E-cadherin Down-regulation and Human Colorectal Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2011)

The progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to invasive and metastatic disease may involve localized occurrences of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, mechanisms of the EMT process in CRC progression are not fully understood. We previously showed that knockdown of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) up-regulated E-cadherin (a key component in EMT progression) in CRC. In this study, we examined the roles of STAT3 in CRC EMT and ZEB1, an EMT inducer, in STAT3-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin. Knockdown of STAT3 significantly increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in highly invasive LoVo CRC cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of STAT3 significantly reduced E-cadherin and enhanced N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in weakly invasive SW1116 CRC cells. Activation of STAT3 significantly increased CRC cell invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis. Knockdown of STAT3 dramatically enhanced chemosensitivity of CRC cells to fluorouracil. STAT3 regulated ZEB1 expression in CRC cells, and the STAT3-induced decrease in E-cadherin and cell invasion depended on activation of ZEB1 in CRC cells. Additionally, pSTAT3(Tyr-705) and ZEB1 expressions were significantly correlated with TNM (tumor, lymph node, and metastasis stages) (p < 0.01). In conclusion, STAT3 may directly mediate EMT progression and regulate ZEB1 expression in CRC. ZEB1 may participate in STAT3-induced cell invasion and E-cadherin down-regulation in CRC cells. The expressions of pSTAT3(Tyr-705) and ZEB1 may be positively associated with CRC metastasis. Our data may provide potential targets to prevent and/or treat CRC invasion and metastasis.
Thermodynamic Principles in Social Collaborations (2012)

A thermodynamic framework is presented to characterize the evolution of efficiency, order, and quality in social content production systems, and this framework is applied to the analysis of Wikipedia. Contributing editors are characterized by their (creative) energy levels in terms of number of edits. We develop a definition of entropy that can be used to analyze the efficiency of the system as a whole, and relate it to the evolution of power-law distributions and a metric of quality. The concept is applied to the analysis of eight years of Wikipedia editing data and results show that (1) Wikipedia has become more efficient during its evolution and (2) the entropy-based efficiency metric has high correlation with observed readership of Wikipedia pages.
A Production Proven Polyurethane Skin Technology for Interior Trim Parts (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Interior design engineers can now utilize the latest production technology to meet the increasing demands for automotive interior trim. Colo-fast® SPR is a polyurethane spray technology which can provide flowing interior designs with soft touch, low gloss, consistent color and ten year durability; all without post painting. Besides providing these design features, this spray urethane system is production proven for high volume automotive requirements. Production plants using this technology are running at rates of more than 650 car sets per day. One car set includes an upper instrument panel, a lower instrument panel, a center console, a console cover, an airbag cover and a glove box door. Future production parts will include full door panels in two tone color schemes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents durability data for spray urethane. In doing so, it confirms the capability of this system to provide the long term durability and feel desired by automotive engineers. Equally important, this paper describes in detail the production process as it is currently performed for typical automotive production volumes.</div>
Enantioselective Biotransformation of 1-Isopropylnaphthalene in Rabbits. (1995)

1-Isopropylnaphthalene (1) was administered orally to rabbits and the following eight metabolites, 2-(1-naphthyl)-2-propanol (7), 2-(1-naphthyl)-1-propanol (8: R/S = 83:17), 2-(1-naphthyl)-1,2-propanediol (9:R/S = 40:60), 4-isopropyl-1,2-naphthoquinone (10), 4-isopropyl-1-naphthol (11), 4-isopropyl-2-naphthol (12), 5-isopropyl-2-naphthol (13), and 2-(1-naphthyl)propanoic acid (14') as its methyl ester (14: R/S = 52:48), were isolated from urine. Among them, three metabolites (8, 9, and 14), possessing an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule, were formed enantioselectively and five metabolites (7, 10, 11, 12, and 13) were formed regioselectively. The presumed metabolic pathways of 1-isopropylnaphthalene (1) in rabbits leading to these metabolites are discussed.
A ratiometric probe for the selective time-gated luminescence detection of potassium in water (2010)

A europium probe for the ratiometric detection of potassium in water is presented. This probe demonstrates high sensitivity, with an affinity for K(+) in the mM range, and high selectivity for K(+) over Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Li(+). The long luminescence lifetime of the probe and its large Stokes shift further enable accurate determination of the concentration of K(+) in complex aqueous media.
Activation and Inhibition of Yeast Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity by Pantethine and Its Metabolites (1986)

D-Pantethine-related metabolites, such as taurine, D-pantetheine, coenzyme A and D-pantothenate, activated yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro. D-Pantethine and cysteamine hydrochloride, however, strongly inhibited the activity of this enzyme.
Boltzmann Machine and Mean-Field Approximation for Structured Sparse Decompositions (2012)

Taking advantage of the structures inherent in many sparse decompositions constitutes a promising research axis. In this paper, we address this problem from a Bayesian point of view. We exploit a Boltzmann machine, allowing to take a large variety of structures into account, and focus on the resolution of a marginalized maximum a posteriori problem. To solve this problem, we resort to a mean-field approximation and the “variational Bayes expectation-maximization” algorithm. This approach results in a soft procedure making no hard decision on the support or the values of the sparse representation. We show that this characteristic leads to an improvement of the performance over state-of-the-art algorithms.
Mobile robot with following function and autonomous return function (2009)

This paper proposes the mobile robot consisted of following function and returning function with monocular camera. In the following function, the robot follows the target object such as the person who walks in front of robot, and moves until reaching his destination. To follow him, the region extraction method is applied. Furthermore, the robot records the moving route. In the returning function, the robot moves by tracing the recorded route. We developed the mobile robot based on the electronic wheelchair and carried out several experiments. As the result, we confirm that our robot moves both following mode and returning mode adequate accuracy.
Development of rules for controlling the HLsyn speech synthesizer (1999)

In this paper we describe the development of rules to drive a quasi-articulatory speech synthesizer, HLsyn. HLsyn has 13 parameters, which are mapped to the parameters of a formant synthesizer. Its small number of parameters combined with the computational simplicity of a formant synthesizer make it a good basis for a text-to-speech system. An overview of the rule-driven system, called VHLsyn, is presented. The system assumes a phonetic string as input, and produces HLsyn parameter tracks as output. These parameter tracks are then used by HLsyn to produce synthesized speech. Previous work to improve the synthesis of consonants and suprasegmental effects is described, and is shown to improve the quality of the output speech. The improvements include refinement of release characteristics of stop consonants, methods for control of vocal-fold parameters for voiced and voiceless consonants, and rules for timing and intonation.
A Single-Tube PCR Test for the Diagnosis of Angelman and Prader-Willi Syndrome Based on Allelic Methylation Differences at the SNRPN Locus (1997)

The analysis of allelic methylation differences in 15ql 1-ql 3 has been established as a valid test for the Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. Current tests use methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and Southern blot analysis. Here we describe a single-tube PCR test. It is based on sodium bisulfite treatment of DNA, which converts unmethylated, but not methylated cytosine residues to uracil, and PCR primers specific for the maternal and the paternal allele. The method was validated in a blinded retrospective study on 87 DNA samples from normal controls and patients. Prospective studies by independent laboratories will be needed before this assay can replace Southern blot analysis in routine diagnostic procedures.
Stochastic Microstructure Reconstruction and Direct Numerical Simulation of the PEFC Catalyst Layer (2006)

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) model of species and charge transport in the cathode catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been developed. The 3D porous microstructure of the catalyst layer has been reconstructed based on a stochastic technique using the low-order statistical information (porosity, two-point correlation function) as obtained from 2D transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of a real catalyst layer. In this microscopically complex structure, the DNS model solves point-wise accurate conservation equations, thereby obtaining a pore-scale description of concentration and potential fields. DNS predictions are further compared with the one-dimensional macrohomogeneous results to establish appropriate correlations for effective transport properties as input into macroscopic computational fuel cell models. Finally, the utility of the stochastic reconstruction technique coupled with the DNS model is demonstrated through addressing the influence of microstructural inhomogeneity on the fuel cell performance.
Expression of the Wnt gene family during late nephrogenesis and complete ureteral obstruction. (1999)

Because the Wnt-4, -7b, and -11 genes are expressed in metanephric kidneys and code for secreted glycoproteins that may serve as mediators of the transformation of renal mesenchyme to epithelium, we investigated the pattern of Wnt gene expression in late metanephrogenesis and after ureteral obstruction. Newborn and 10-, 20-, and 60-day-old rats underwent complete unilateral ureteral ligation or sham operation. The kidneys were collected bilaterally 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 days later. RNase protection assays were used to quantify the amounts of mRNA encoding Wnt-4, -7b, and -11, E-cadherin, and cytokeratin-19. Renal development was assessed by histologic characterization of vimentin, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin distribution. During normal development, the amounts of mRNA encoding Wnt-4 and Wnt-11 increased during gestation and then abruptly decreased after the completion of metanephrogenesis, 15 days after birth. In contrast, the amounts of mRNA encoding Wnt-7b, E-cadherin, and cytokeratin-19 increased during development and into adulthood. In neonatally obstructed kidneys, the expression of Wnt-4 was abnormally maintained when obstruction was induced before the completion of renal development and was reactivated when obstruction was induced after the completion of metanephrogenesis. Wnt-7b expression was minimally affected and Wnt-11 expression was only transiently affected by obstruction. In neonatally obstructed kidneys, the differentiation of mesenchyme to epithelium failed to proceed normally, with the majority of cells maintaining vimentin expression and some differentiated epithelial cells reverting to vimentin expression. In addition, the expression of E-cadherin and cytokeratin was increased in epithelial cells. Changes in the expression of Wnt genes were correlated with histologic changes. This study suggests that Wnt-4 and -11 are likely to be important mediators of the transformation of mesenchyme to epithelium in the kidney. Obstruction induced during metanephrogenesis disrupts the normal pattern of Wnt-4, -7b, and -11 expression and interferes with the normal transformation process in developing kidneys, by maintaining the mesenchymal component and inducing the transformation of epithelium to mesenchyme.
Selective reductions. 36. Reaction of lithium 9-boratabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reductions. 36. Reaction of lithium 9-boratabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groupsHerbert C. Brown, C. Poonnoose Mathew, Chongsuh Pyun, Jong Chan Son, and Nung Min YoonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 17, 3091–3097Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00191a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00191a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Role of Oxygen in Intake and Exhaust on NO Emission, Smoke and BMEP of a Diesel Engine with EGR System (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">EGR reduces NO emission, but increases smoke and decreases BMEP in diesel engines. This paper describes the relationships between these behaviors and the effect of decreased oxygen with EGR in direct injection, pre-chamber, and turbocharged diesel engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results indicate that the reduction of NO depends on decreasing the rate of the incoming oxygen. The increase in smoke and the decrease in BMEP is due to a reduced rate of exhaust oxygen. Also the reduction of NO is due to increased ambient humidity which can be explained by the decreased oxygen in the incoming charge.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With these results, it becomes possible to predict the ratio of the reduction of NO emission, the increase in smoke and the decrease in BMEP.</div>
Disk Instability and the Spectral Evolution of the 1992 Outburst of the Intermediate Polar GK Persei (1994)

The disk instability model can explain the previous history of dwarf-nova-like outbursts in the intermediate polar GK Per, which occur about once every three years. Disk models that reproduce the recurrence time and outburst light curves suggest that GK Per has a large effective inner disk radius (approx. 30-40 white dwarf radii) truncated by a strong magnetic field (10(exp 7) G). In this context, the effective radius is that of the portion of the disk that participates in the disk thermal instability. The radius derived is larger than the corotation radius, which must be an upper limit on the true dynamical inner radius of the disk. Disk instability models with this large effective inner radius predict that the ultraviolet continuum should be rather flat. Here we compare the predictions of the disk instability model to IUE observations of the 1981 outburst and to IUE and ROSAT observations of the recent 1992 outburst of GK Per. The model disk continuum spectral evolution is consistent with the observed UV and optical spectra, especially at maximum and in the early decay phase of the outburst. The consistency of the model with the observed UV spectra suggests that the effective inner radius of the disk is almost constant, independent of mass accretion rate, and that whatever structure lies between the effective inner radius and the corotation radius neither participates in the disk instability nor radiates substantially in the UV. The related physics of the inner disk region will be briefly discussed.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Focal Cortical Dysplasia: A Critical Review of Human Tissue Studies and Animal Models (2007)

Cortical dysplasia (CD, also known as malformations of cortical development) are the pathological substrates in a large percentage of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who may be amenable to surgical treatment. Therefore, research on the mechanisms of dysplastic lesion formation and epileptogenicity is of paramount importance for the prevention, detection, and treatment of CD-induced epilepsy. The purpose of this review is to discuss and critically evaluate the current state and results of human tissue experimentation (focusing on reported results of studies done on neocortical dysplastic tissue resected from patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy), and to discuss some of the concerns related to research that uses surgically resected epileptic human tissue. The use of better animal models of CD as a tool toward the better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis, epileptogenesis, and epileptogenicity of dysplastic lesions will be reviewed from the perspective of their usefulness in a model of translational research that should ultimately result in better diagnostic and therapeutic techniques of CD.
An increased ratio of Th2/Treg cells in patients with moderate to severe asthma (2013)

The decline of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in patients with moderate to severe asthma may play an important role in progress of the disease. Furthermore, the deficiency of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was associated with the over-expression of Th2 response.
Combined microwave energy and fixative agent for cataract induction in pig eyes (2009)

We describe a technique used in enucleated pig eyes to create a uniformly hardened lens nucleus and an anterior capsule similar to the cataractous human lens. After treatment with microwave heat and a fixative agent, the pig eyes have clear corneas, anterior capsules with less tension and elasticity, and harder lens nuclei, with a consistency similar to that of a nuclear sclerosis grade I to V in the Emery-Little classification. The eyes can be used by residents in training to practice various phacoemulsification techniques, including continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, hydrodelineation, sculpting, divide and conquer, phaco chop, and nondividing phacoemulsification.
Evaluation of Algorithms for Multi-Modality Whole Heart Segmentation: An Open-Access Grand Challenge (2019)

Knowledge of whole heart anatomy is a prerequisite for many clinical applications. Whole heart segmentation (WHS), which delineates substructures of the heart, can be very valuable for modeling and analysis of the anatomy and functions of the heart. However, automating this segmentation can be arduous due to the large variation of the heart shape, and different image qualities of the clinical data. To achieve this goal, a set of training data is generally needed for constructing priors or for training. In addition, it is difficult to perform comparisons between different methods, largely due to differences in the datasets and evaluation metrics used. This manuscript presents the methodologies and evaluation results for the WHS algorithms selected from the submissions to the Multi-Modality Whole Heart Segmentation (MM-WHS) challenge, in conjunction with MICCAI 2017. The challenge provides 120 three-dimensional cardiac images covering the whole heart, including 60 CT and 60 MRI volumes, all acquired in clinical environments with manual delineation. Ten algorithms for CT data and eleven algorithms for MRI data, submitted from twelve groups, have been evaluated. The results show that many of the deep learning (DL) based methods achieved high accuracy, even though the number of training datasets was limited. A number of them also reported poor results in the blinded evaluation, probably due to overfitting in their training. The conventional algorithms, mainly based on multi-atlas segmentation, demonstrated robust and stable performance, even though the accuracy is not as good as the best DL method in CT segmentation. The challenge, including the provision of the annotated training data and the blinded evaluation for submitted algorithms on the test data, continues as an ongoing benchmarking resource via its homepage (\url{www.sdspeople.fudan.edu.cn/zhuangxiahai/0/mmwhs/}).
Genetic Ablation of <i>Ptprj</i> , a Mouse Cancer Susceptibility Gene, Results in Normal Growth and Development and Does Not Predispose to Spontaneous Tumorigenesis (2006)

Ptprj is a ubiquitously expressed murine gene encoding a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, which has recently been proposed as a candidate gene on the locus Scc1 for colon cancer susceptibility. It has been demonstrated that PTPRJ, the human homologue of Ptprj, is involved in the control of cell growth and adhesion, being furthermore altered in several types of cancer including mammary, thyroid, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers. To investigate the biological functions of Ptprj, we have generated mice deficient in this receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. Ptprj-deficient mice are viable, fertile, and show no gross anatomical alterations. Furthermore, neither changes in life span nor spontaneous tumor appearance were observed in Ptprj-null mice. Our results indicate that Ptprj is dispensable for normal growth and development in mice.
Quantitative Imaging with Fluorescent Biosensors (2012)

Molecular activities are highly dynamic and can occur locally in subcellular domains or compartments. Neighboring cells in the same tissue can exist in different states. Therefore, quantitative information on the cellular and subcellular dynamics of ions, signaling molecules, and metabolites is critical for functional understanding of organisms. Mass spectrometry is generally used for monitoring ions and metabolites; however, its temporal and spatial resolution are limited. Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized many areas of biology-e.g., fluorescent proteins can report on gene expression or protein localization in real time-yet promoter-based reporters are often slow to report physiologically relevant changes such as calcium oscillations. Therefore, novel tools are required that can be deployed in specific cells and targeted to subcellular compartments in order to quantify target molecule dynamics directly. We require tools that can measure enzyme activities, protein dynamics, and biophysical processes (e.g., membrane potential or molecular tension) with subcellular resolution. Today, we have an extensive suite of tools at our disposal to address these challenges, including translocation sensors, fluorescence-intensity sensors, and Förster resonance energy transfer sensors. This review summarizes sensor design principles, provides a database of sensors for more than 70 different analytes/processes, and gives examples of applications in quantitative live cell imaging.