gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective antagonism by PPADS at P<sub>2X</sub>‐purinoceptors in rabbit isolated blood vessels (1994)

1. Pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS), a P2-purinoceptor antagonist, was investigated for its ability to antagonize: (1) P2X-purinoceptor-mediated contractions of the rabbit central ear artery and saphenous artery evoked by either alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP) or electrical field stimulation (EFS); (2) P2Y-purinoceptor-mediated relaxations of the rabbit mesenteric artery; (3) endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent, P2Y-purinoceptor-mediated relaxations of the rabbit aorta. 2. alpha,beta-MeATP (0.1-100 microM) caused concentration-dependent contractions of the rabbit ear and saphenous arteries. The negative log[alpha,beta-MeATP] that produced a contraction equivalent to the EC25 for noradrenaline (ear artery) or histamine (saphenous artery) in the absence of PPADS was 6.60 +/- 0.18 (9) and 6.18 +/- 0.17 (9) in the ear artery and saphenous artery, respectively. These effects of exogenous alpha,beta-MeATP were concentration-dependently inhibited by PPADS (1-30 microM). In the ear artery, the negative log[alpha,beta-MeATP] producing a contractile response equivalent to the EC25 of noradrenaline, in the presence of PPADS at 1, 3 and 10 microM was 6.16 +/- 0.18 (8), 5.90 +/- 0.18 (8) and 4.72 +/- 0.36 (8), respectively (P < 0.01). In the saphenous artery, the negative log[alpha,beta-MeATP] values equivalent to the EC25 for histamine in the presence of PPADS at concentrations of 1, 3, 10 and 30 microM were 5.90 +/- 0.19 (8), 5.73 +/- 0.16 (8), 4.99 +/- 0.14 (8) and 4.51 +/- 0.13 (8), respectively (P < 0.01). 3. PPADS at a concentration of 1 microM had no effect on contractions of the ear artery evoked by EFS (4-64 Hz; 1 microM phentolamine present). At higher concentrations (3-30 MicroM) it caused concentration dependent inhibition of neurogenic contractions. In the saphenous artery, PPADS (1-30 MicroM) concentration-dependently inhibited contractions evoked by EFS at frequencies of 4, 8 and 16 Hz. Contractions evoked by EFS at frequencies of 32 and 64 Hz were significantly inhibited by PPADS only at concentrations of 10 and 30 MicroM.4. PPADS (30 MicroM) had no effect on relaxations to 2-methylthio ATP (3 nM-3 MicroM) in rabbit mesenteric artery and to ATP (1 MicroM-I mM) in rabbit aorta (with endothelium intact or removed). In addition,PPADS (30 MicroM) had no significant influence on the contractile potency of noradrenaline and histamine in rabbit ear and saphenous artery, respectively.5. In conclusion, these results support the evidence that PPADS is a selective antagonist of P2X-purinoceptor-mediated responses.
New ICD-9 codes take effect this month. (2002)

This article will update readers on the annual additions to and deletions from the coding manual that are most pertinent to family physicians and feature an updated version of our coding reference card, ICD-9 Codes for Family Practice: The FPM Short List.
Performance characteristics of coal-washing equipment: sand cones (1965)

The performance of sand cones was evaluated in three preparation plants that utilized cones in various flow schemes. Three primary separations of raw coal effected between floats and sinks were excellent. The recovery efficiencies for the plus /sup 1///sub 4/-inch material ranged from 99.8 to 97.6 percent, the error areas ranged from 19 to 23 square centimeters, and the probable errors in specific gravity ranged from 0.033 to 0.024. The performance data of two secondary separations varied from excellent in one plant, where the separation was on a par with the primary separations, to somewhat inferior in another plant, where the secondary separation was effected at the middlings draw.
Low-density parity-check codes with simple irregular semi-random parity-check matrix for finite-length applications (2004)

In this paper, we consider the design of simple irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with semi-random parity-check matrix for good performance and fast encoding in practical applications with finite-length. We limit the number of degree-two variable nodes to satisfy the semi-random construction and then we optimize a simple irregular structure for the random part of the parity-check matrix with similar technique presented in [Rashidpour et al.]. The procedure is general for any rate and the results are illustrated for finite-length and low rate to high rate applications. The presented code with rate 1/8 is suitable for CDMA application and is slightly better than the best result in [Rashidpour, M et al.] in addition to fast encoding capability. The high rate rode (8/9) is also has a gain about 0.25 dB with respect to one of the best LDPC code used in magnetic recording channel, in addition to fast encoding structure.
The first end-to-end live trial of CBRS with carrier aggregation using 3.5 GHz LTE equipment (2017)

This paper presents the first end-to-end field trial of the U.S. three-tier Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) with carrier aggregation using commercial 3.5 GHz network elements in a live LTE-A test network. The trial features an assignment of a shared spectrum to an operational LTE base station and demonstrates how it boosts the end user mobile data rate due to extended bandwidth availability. The field trial is important as it shows that a spectrum access system can be implemented utilizing existing network systems and latest technologies. The field trial allows studying the operation of a real system and comparing the performance to the relevant FCC requirements and particularly those related to different response times between the LTE-A network and CBRS.
Structure-activity studies with cytotoxic anthrapyrazoles (2006)

Anthrapyrazoles have been investigated as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanism of action of these compounds is thought to involve inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II. A structure-activity study was carried out to determine the in vitro cytotoxic activity of nine novel anthrapyrazoles against human breast carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and leukemia cells, and against Chinese hamster ovary cells. The activity of these anthrapyrazole analogues was compared with that of two clinically tested anthrapyrazoles, losoxantrone and piroxantrone. Inhibition of topoisomerase II as a mechanism of action for the analogues was also investigated. The cytotoxic activity of the analogues was determined in vitro by MTT cell growth inhibition assay and inhibition of catalytic topoisomerase II activity by each compound was measured using a fluorometric DNA decatenation assay. All of the anthrapyrazole analogues inhibited the growth of the four cell lines with IC50 values that ranged from 0.1 to 45.2 microM. Losoxantrone was the most potent of the anthrapyrazole analogues studied. A tertiary amine in the basic side chain at N-2 increased the cytotoxic activity compared with a secondary amine in this side chain for many of the analogues, but not if there was a basic side chain at the C-5 position. A chlorine substituent on the basic side chain at N-2 did not have a consistent effect on activity. Moving the position of a chlorine substituent from C-5 to C-7 or introducing a basic side chain at C-5 did not have a consistent effect on cytotoxic activity. Anthrapyrazole analogues showed a broad range of activity for inhibiting topoisomerase II decatenation activity. Losoxantrone and piroxantrone were the most potent inhibitors of topoisomerase II activity. There was no significant correlation between the cytotoxic activity of the anthrapyrazole analogues and their ability to inhibit decatenation by topoisomerase II.
Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04497987.
Apoptosis-gene expression in hematopoietic system: normal and pathological conditions (Review). (1998)

Gene expression involving apoptosis in the hematopoietic system is reviewed. In normal and hematological disorders, Fas-Fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-receptor interaction play a major role in enhancing apoptosis. On the other hand, bcl-2 or certain novel proteins (including FADD, RIP, TRADD and sentrin) prevent apoptosis. Apoptosis is involved in myelodysplastic syndrome and pathogenesis of leukemia. Expression of Fas antigen plays a role in negative regulation of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow as does interferon-gamma.
Gastrointestinal tolerance of divalproex sodium (1983)

Divalproex sodium (DS), a new enteric-coated preparation of valproate, was administered to 27 patients who had not tolerated valproate because of gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-three (85%) tolerated DS and continued therapy. Of 34 patients previously naive to valproate, DS therapy was discontinued in only 4 patients (12%) because of gastrointestinal intolerance. Enteric-coated DS tablets had fewer gastrointestinal effects than VA capsules. Although the absorption of DS was delayed, the bioavailability of VA capsules and DS tablets was equivalent. After oral doses, peak plasma levels occurred within 1 hour with VA and at 3 hours with DS. Seven patients were maintained on a twice-daily schedule of DS.
Quantification of power losses due to wind turbine wake interactions through SCADA, meteorological and wind LiDAR data (2017)

Abstract Power production of an onshore wind farm is investigated through supervisory control and data acquisition data, while the wind field is monitored through scanning light detection and ranging measurements and meteorological data acquired from a met‐tower located in proximity to the turbine array. The power production of each turbine is analysed as functions of the operating region of the power curve, wind direction and atmospheric stability. Five different methods are used to estimate the potential wind power as a function of time, enabling an estimation of power losses connected with wake interactions. The most robust method from a statistical standpoint is that based on the evaluation of a reference wind velocity at hub height and experimental mean power curves calculated for each turbine and different atmospheric stability regimes. The synergistic analysis of these various datasets shows that power losses are significant for wind velocities higher than cut‐in wind speed and lower than rated wind speed of the turbines. Furthermore, power losses are larger under stable atmospheric conditions than for convective regimes, which is a consequence of the stability‐driven variability in wake evolution. Light detection and ranging measurements confirm that wind turbine wakes recover faster under convective regimes, thus alleviating detrimental effects due to wake interactions. For the wind farm under examination, power loss due to wake shadowing effects is estimated to be about 4% and 2% of the total power production when operating under stable and convective conditions, respectively. However, cases with power losses about 60‐80% of the potential power are systematically observed for specific wind turbines and wind directions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fenestrated and Branched Stent Grafts (2008)

It is estimated that 50% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are not candidates for endovascular repair using the currently commercially available devices because of unfavorable anatomy. This includes patients with short or angulated necks, aneurysmal extension into either internal iliac artery, or complex aneurysmal involvement of the juxtarenal, paravisceral, and thoracoabdominal aorta. Good surgical candidates may tolerate open conventional repair of the aneurysm, but patients with large aneurysms and poor cardiac, pulmonary, or renal performance have limited options. Fenestrated and branched stent grafts were designed to extend the proximal sealing zone from the infrarenal segment to the juxta and suprarenal aorta, thereby circumventing the limitation of short or absent aortic necks. Since the first implantation of a fenestrated graft in 1996, there has been tremendous advancement in the development and technology of these devices. It is now possible to treat pathology of the entire aorta via a completely endovascular approach, with short-term results that compare favorably with those of open surgery. This review presents the current world experience with fenestrated and branched stent grafting. It encompasses the historical background of these devices, describes the techniques of fenestrated and branched grafting, summarizes the intermediate-term results for endovascular repair of pararenal, juxtarenal, thoracoabdominal, and aortoiliac aneurysms, and discusses the role of surgeon-modified fenestrated and branched devices.
Urinary N-Telopeptide Levels Discriminate Normal, Osteopenic, and Osteoporotic Bone Mineral Density (1997)

The levels of NTX uniquely discriminated between older adults with normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic BMD levels. If confirmed, these data suggest that NTX levels could be used to predict current osteoporosis in older men and women.
Reperfusion injury: laboratory phenomenon or clinical reality? (1992)

Journal Article Reperfusion injury: laboratory phenomenon or clinical reality? Get access Keith A A Fox Keith A A Fox Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XF, United Kingdom. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 7, July 1992, Pages 656–659, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.7.656 Published: 01 July 1992
Anatomical factors influencing fixation of endocardial pacing leads in the right ventricle. (1985)

The anatomical factors influencing fixation of endocardial pacing leads were studied in 50 hearts. Many variations were found in the anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscles, interpapillary connections, and the moderator band. Those variations conducive to lead fixation are illustrated. Vertical bands of muscle that could influence lead fixation were seen inside the right ventricle. Variations in the conus papillary muscle and right ventricular outflow tract that facilitate lead fixation are also illustrated. In a few hearts, attention is drawn to slender support of the anterior cusp of the tricuspid valve.
Suggesting New Interactions Related to Events in a Social Network for Elderly (2012)

Improving the daily life of an elderly is one of the main objectives of Assisted Living initiative. The EasyReach project aims to achieve this by utilizing a social network for elderly and an intuitive user interface. The personal assistant in EasyReach monitors interactions of the user within the social network and suggests new interactions to keep the user socially active. We model suggesting new interactions related to events via Answer Set Programming. The assistant suggests communicating with someone from the social network related to an event that the user wants to attend or has attended.
MIMO downlink spatial multiplexing algorithms applied to channel measurements (2003)

Several algorithms have recently been proposed for multiplexing multiple users in multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) downlinks. The ability of a transmitter to accomplish this using spatial methods is generally dependent on whether the users' channels are linearly independent. Until now, most multiplexing algorithms have been tested on uncorrelated Gaussian channels, a best-case scenario. We examine the performance of multiplexing multiple users using actual channel measurements. We impose the constraint that all inter-user interference must be zero, and optimize the transmit vectors to maximize total throughput under this constraint. The maximum throughput was calculated for different user separation distances, and the results show that for this particular set of measurement data, a separation of five wavelengths is enough to achieve close to the maximum available performance for two users.
Dietary Saury Oil Reduces Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic KKAy Mice and in Diet‐Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice by Altering Gene Expression (2011)

We investigated the effect of saury oil on the alleviation of metabolic syndrome in mice. Saury oil contains 18% (w/w/) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and 35% (w/w) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Diabetic KKAy mice were fed a 10% soybean oil diet (control) or a 10% saury oil diet for 4 weeks, and diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 32% lard (control) or 22% lard plus 10% saury oil for 6 weeks. After the intervention periods, the levels of glucose, insulin and lipids in plasma had decreased significantly for the saury oil diet group, and insulin sensitivity had improved. These favorable changes may be attributed to the increased adiponectin and decreased TNFα and resistin levels in plasma. The saury oil diet also resulted in downregulated expression of the lipogenic genes (SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, and ACC) as well as upregulation of the fatty acid oxidative gene, CPT-1, and the energy expenditure-related genes (PGC1α and PGC1β) in white adipose tissue for the diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. An increase in n-3 PUFA levels and the concomitant decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA level ratio in serum, white adipose tissue, and liver with a saury oil diet are likely to be involved in the beneficial changes to the metabolic indicators. MUFA may also play a positive role in remodeling lipid composition. Based on these mice models, our results suggest a potential use for saury oil for improving metabolic abnormalities.
Sequence Identification and Characterization of Human Carnosinase and a Closely Related Non-specific Dipeptidase (2003)

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyric acid-L-histidine) are two naturally occurring dipeptides with potential neuroprotective and neurotransmitter functions in the brain. Peptidase activities degrading both carnosine and homocarnosine have been described previously, but the genes linked to these activities were unknown. Here we present the identification of two novel cDNAs named CN1 and CN2 coding for two proteins of 56.8 and 52.7 kDa and their classification as members of the M20 metalloprotease family. Whereas human CN1 mRNA and protein are brain-specific, CN2 codes for a ubiquitous protein. In contrast, expression of the mouse and rat CN1 orthologues was detectable only in kidney. The recombinant CN1 and CN2 proteins were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified to homogeneity. CN1 was identified as a homodimeric dipeptidase with a narrow substrate specificity for Xaa-His dipeptides including those with Xaa = beta Ala (carnosine, K(m) 1.2 mM), N-methyl beta Ala, Ala, Gly, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (homocarnosine, K(m) 200 microM), an isoelectric point of pH 4.5, and maximal activity at pH 8.5. CN2 protein is a dipeptidase not limited to Xaa-His dipeptides, requires Mn(2+) for full activity, and is sensitive to inhibition by bestatin (IC(50) 7 nM). This enzyme does not degrade homocarnosine and hydrolyzes carnosine only at alkaline pH with an optimum at pH 9.5. Based on their substrate specificity and biophysical and biochemical properties CN1 was identified as human carnosinase (EC ), whereas CN2 corresponds to the cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase (EC ).
The distribution of T‐DNA in the genomes of transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> and rice (2000)

Almost all the nuclear genes of four Gramineae (maize, wheat, barley, rice) and pea are located in DNA fractions covering only a 1-2% GC range and representing between 10 and 25% of the different genomes. These DNA fractions comprise large gene-rich regions (collectively called the 'gene space') separated by vast gene-empty, repeated sequences. In contrast, in Arabidopsis thaliana, genes are distributed in DNA fractions covering an 8% GC range and representing 85% of the genome. Here, we investigated the integration of a transferred DNA (T-DNA) in the genomes of Arabidopsis and rice and found different patterns of integration, which are correlated with the different gene distributions. While T-DNA integrates essentially everywhere in the Arabidopsis genome, integration was detected only in the gene space, namely in the gene-rich, transcriptionally active, regions of the rice genome. The implications of these results for the integration of foreign DNA are discussed.
An Analytical Model Coupled With Data Analytics to Estimate PDC Bit Wear (2014)

Abstract The increasing complexities of wellbore geometry imply an increasing potential of damage resulting from downhole bit wear. Although the locations of critical bit wear can be difficult to predict, the quantification of the actual bit teeth/cutter wear is important to achieve reduced cost per foot and predictable bit failure. There is no acceptable universal mathematical model that describes bit wear accurately because of the complex nature of downhole conditions. Usually, either analytical models or real-time data analytics are used separately to estimate and predict bit wear. Combining both methods and using them simultaneously is an efficient way to address this limitation. This paper presents a new simple analytical bit wear model coupled with data analytics using real-time gamma ray data to suppress the uncertainties of the interacting formation properties and other intervening variables. The fractional bit wear of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit cutters is obtained from the geometric correlation between height loss and the cutter volume loss. The volume loss of cutters is assumed to be proportional to weight on bit (WOB), cutter sliding distance, rock strength, and rock quartz content. The paper presents a field example to predict and estimate the bit wear using actual data. Gamma ray and rate of penetration (ROP) data of the initial drilling section are used to train the model to quantify the influence of formation strength interaction with the analytical model. Then estimation of ROP using the new bit wear model was carried out using actual field drilling parameters. The calculated ROP profile closely matched with the actual data within reasonable accuracy of less than 5%. Specific procedures are proposed for effective prediction of ROP and bit life.
Axin Inhibits Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Pathway by Ras Degradation via β-Catenin (2007)

Interactions between the Wnt/beta-catenin and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways have been posited, but the molecular mechanisms and cooperative roles of such interaction in carcinogenesis are poorly understood. In the present study, the Raf-1, MEK, and ERK activities were concomitantly decreased in fibroblasts, which inhibit morphological transformation and proliferation by Axin induction. The inhibition of the components of the ERK pathway by Axin occurred in cells retaining wild-type beta-catenin, including primary hepatocytes, but not in cells retaining non-degradable mutant beta-catenin. Axin inhibits cellular proliferation and ERK pathway activation induced by either epidermal growth factor or Ras, indicating a role of Axin in the regulation of growth induced by ERK pathway activation. ERK pathway regulation by Axin occurs at least partly via reduction of the protein level of Ras. Both wild-type and mutant Ras proteins are subjected to regulation by Axin, which occurs in cells retaining wild-type but not mutant beta-catenin gene. The role of beta-catenin in the regulation of the Ras-ERK pathway was further confirmed by Ras reduction and subsequent inhibitions of the ERK pathway components by knock down of mutated form of beta-catenin. The Ras regulation by Axin was blocked by treatment of leupeptin, an inhibitor of the lysosomal protein degradation machinery. Overall, Axin inhibits proliferation of cells at least partly by reduction of Ras protein level via beta-catenin. This study provides evidences for the role of the Ras-ERK pathway in carcinogenesis caused by mutations of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway components.