gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered cartilage utilizing fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells for cartilage repair (2020)

The aim of this study was to develop a fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cell (FCPC) based cartilage gel through self-assembly for cartilage repair surgery, with clinically useful properties including adhesiveness, plasticity, and continued chondrogenic remodeling after transplantation. Characterization of the gels according to in vitro self-assembly period resulted in increased chondrogenic features over time. Adhesion strength of the cartilage gels were significantly higher compared to alginate gel, with the 2-wk group showing a near 20-fold higher strength (1.8 ± 0.15 kPa vs. 0.09 ± 0.01 kPa, p < 0.001). The in vivo remodeling process analysis of the 2 wk cultured gels showed increased cartilage repair characteristics and stiffness over time, with higher integration-failure stress compared to osteochondral autograft controls at 4 weeks (p < 0.01). In the nonhuman primate investigation, cartilage repair scores were significantly better in the gel group compared to defects alone after 24 weeks (p < 0.001). Cell distribution analysis at 24 weeks showed that human cells remained within the transplanted defects only. A self-assembled, FCPC-based cartilage gel showed chondrogenic repair potential as well as adhesive properties, beneficial for cartilage repair.
Optimization of the Preparation Conditions of Sol-Gel Derived Ni-Co Oxide Films (2000)

In this work, sol‐gel (SG) oxide films were formed by dip‐coating Pt substrates from Ni, Co, and mixed Ni‐Co sols. After withdrawing the substrate at a constant rate, the films were dried between 100 and 400°C for various periods of time (15 min to 1 h). Based primarily on the cyclic voltammetric behavior of the SG‐formed Ni‐Co films after drying at high temperatures, it is suggested that both the Ni and Co sites undergo redox reactions in 1 M NaOH solutions. This also explains the high charge efficiency and charge density of SG‐derived, Co‐containing Ni oxide films. Careful optimization of the experimental variables in the SG film preparation route indicated that the use of 50:50 Ni‐Co sols, a withdrawal rate of 6 cm/min, and drying at 250°C for 1 h yields films which display the highest charge density, the most rapid redox kinetics, and good stability to prolonged potential cycling. In addition, the charge capacity of the optimized 50:50 Ni‐Co SG oxide films can be increased further by the deposition of multilayers. The redox kinetics of the optimized coatings in 1 M NaOH solution were superior to those for Ni‐Co oxide films of comparable charges, but formed in other ways. Diminished reaction rates resulted when higher film drying temperatures were used (denser films) and when thicker, multilayered films were formed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
On the NP-Completeness of Some Graph Cluster Measures (2005)

Graph clustering is the problem of identifying sparsely connected dense subgraphs (clusters) in a given graph. Proposed clustering algorithms usually optimize various fitness functions that measure the quality of a cluster within the graph. Examples of such cluster measures include the conductance, the local and relative densities, and single cluster editing. We prove that the decision problems associated with the optimization tasks of finding the clusters that are optimal with respect to these fitness measures are NP-complete.
Migration Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in Asian-American Women (1993)

Because heterogeneity in breast cancer risk in these ethnic populations is similar to that in international comparisons and because analytic epidemiologic studies offer the opportunity to disentangle correlated exposures, this study should provide new insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
Rapid production of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants and its immunological <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> characterization (2000)

Type I allergies are immunological disorders that afflict a quarter of the world's population. Improved diagnosis of allergic diseases and the formulation of new therapeutic approaches are based on the use of recombinant allergens. We describe here for the first time the application of a rapid plant‐based expression system for a plant‐derived allergen and its immunological characterization. We expressed our model allergen Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, in the tobacco‐related species Nicotiana benthamiana using a tobacco mosaic virus vector. Two weeks postinoculation, plants infected with recombinant viral RNA containing the Bet v 1 coding sequence accumulated the allergen to levels of 200 u‐g/g leaf material. Total nonpurified protein extracts from plants were used for immunological characterizations. IgE immunoblots and ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunoassay) inhibition assays showed comparable IgE binding properties for tobacco recombinant (r) Bet v 1 and natural (n) Bet v 1, suggesting that the B cell epitopes were preserved when the allergen was expressed in N. benthamiana plants. Using a murine model of type I allergy, mice immunized with crude leaf extracts containing Bet v 1 with purified rBet v 1 produced in E. coli or with birch pollen extract generated comparable allergen‐specific IgE and IgG1 antibody responses and positive type I skin test reactions. These results demonstrate that nonpurified Bet v 1 overexpressed in N. benthamina has the same immunogenicity as purified Bet v 1 produced in E. coli or nBet v 1. We therefore conclude that this plant expression system offers a viable alternative to fermentation‐based production of allergens in bacteria or yeasts. In addition, there may be a broad utility of this system for the development of new and low‐cost vaccination strategies against allergy.—Krebitz, M., Wiedermann, U., Essl, D., Steinkellner, H., Wagner, B., Turpen, T. H., Ebner, C., Scheiner, O., Breiteneder, H. Rapid production of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and its immunological in vitro and in vivo characterization. FASEB J . 14, 1279–1288 (2000)
Power to the people: Leveraging human physiological traits to control microprocessor frequency (2008)

Any architectural optimization aims at satisfying the end user. However, modern architectures execute with little to no knowledge about the individual user. If architectures could determine whether their users are satisfied, they could provide higher efficiency; improved reliability, reduced power consumption, increased security, and a better user experience. A major reason for this limitation is their input devices. Specifically, the traditional input devices (e.g., the mouse and keyboard) provide limited information about the user. In this paper, we make a case for the addition of new biometric input devices for providing the computer information about the userpsilas physiological traits. We explore three biometric devices as potential sensors: an eye tracker, a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, and force sensors. We first present two user studies that explore the link between the sensor readings and user satisfaction when the performance of the processor is varied as a video game is being played. In the first study, we drastically drop the processor clock frequency at a set point in the game. In the second study, we set the clock frequency to randomly-selected levels during game play. Both studies show that there are significant changes in human physiological traits as performance decreases. More importantly, we show that physiological changes correlate strongly to the satisfaction levels reported by the users. Based upon these observations, we construct a Physiological Traits-based Power-management (PTP) system that can be applied to existing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) schemes. We apply PTP to a typical CPU-utilization-based adaptive DVFS policy and evaluate our scheme using a third user study. An aggressive version of our PTP scheme reduces the total system power consumption of a laptop by up to 33.3% for an application averaged across users (18.1% averaged across three applications), while a conservative version reduces the total system power consumption by up to 25.6% across users (11.4% averaged across three applications).
Designer's Guide to Testable Asic Devices (1991)

While making up a larger percentage of the total number of designs produced each year, ASICs present special problems for system designers in the area of testing because each design is complex and unique. This book shows readers how to apply basic test techniques to ASIC design, details the impact o
Standoff detection of explosive substances at distances of up to 150 m (2010)

We report detection and identification of trace quantities of explosives at standoff distances up to 150 m with high sensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 70) and high selectivity. The technique involves illuminating the target object with laser radiation at a wavelength that is strongly absorbed by the target. The resulting temperature rise is observed by remotely monitoring the increased blackbody radiation from the sample. An unambiguous determination of the target, TNT, in soil samples collected from an explosives test site in China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station is achieved through the use of a tunable CO(2) laser that scans over the absorption fingerprint of the target explosives. The theoretical analysis supports the observation and indicates that, with optimized detectors and data processing algorithms, the measurement capability can be improved significantly, permitting rapid standoff detection of explosives at distances approaching 1 km. The detection sensitivity varies as R(-2) and, thus, with the availability of high power, room-temperature, tunable mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers, this technology may play an important role in screening personnel and their belongings at short distances, such as in airports, for detecting and identifying explosives material residue on persons.
Estimating Welfare in Insurance Markets Using Variation in Prices<sup>*</sup> (2010)

We provide a graphical illustration of how standard consumer and producer theory can be used to quantify the welfare loss associated with inefficient pricing in insurance markets with selection. We then show how this welfare loss can be estimated empirically using identifying variation in the price of insurance. Such variation, together with quantity data, allows us to estimate the demand for insurance. The same variation, together with cost data, allows us to estimate how insurer's costs vary as market participants endogenously respond to price. The slope of this estimated cost curve provides a direct test for both the existence and nature of selection, and the combination of demand and cost curves can be used to estimate welfare. We illustrate our approach by applying it to data on employer-provided health insurance from one specific company. We detect adverse selection but estimate that the quantitative welfare implications associated with inefficient pricing in our particular application are small, in both absolute and relative terms.
Development of a Real Time Sensor Feedback Robot (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In today's manufacturing environment, it has become necessary to develop intelligent robots which are adaptable to changing process requirements. To attain this goal, a key robot technology involving new real time control algorithms has been developed. The algorithms govern the 3D position and orientation of the robot.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Initially, a simulation method was used to study the achievable system accuracy. From the results of computer simulations, it was determined that the algorithms can achieve a high tracking accuracy of ± 0.5 mm at a velocity of 300 mm/sec (4 times higher than conventional sensory control speeds).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For a sensory feedback system, delays in tracking movements are inherent. This is due to the calculation time required for control and to the servo response. To solve this problem, a sensor is positioned at a predetermined distance in advance of the tool in the direction of travel. Sensor data and the same timing data of actual robot arm positions are then used to derive a partial tracking model of workpiece as a target path.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With this developed system, much benefit can be obtained as follows:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Applicable to tracking many kinds of tracing to the work profiles. (e.g., seam and edge tracking,constant relative orientation, or constant force).</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">3D position and orientation compensation.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">3)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Continuously adaptable for various robot speeds.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">4)</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Requires the addition of only one control board for a standard robot controller.</div> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Actual results of this real time sensor feedback system have achieved the same accuracy predicted by the simulation. Thus, the system can achieve maintained process quality and gain productivity in manufacturing.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Robot automation is steadily progressing, with most robots utilizing the teaching playback method of path programming. Presently, this approach requires accurate fixture and jig setting to ensure manufacturing quality, as well as path program modification. To overcome these difficulties, sensor feedback robots with various control techniques have been studied. The authors have developed a sensor feedback robot capable of high precision workpath compensation using information obtained via a flange mounted sensor.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The outline and evaluation result of the development are reported in this paper.</div>
Use of melatonin in circadian rhythm disorders and following phase shifts (1996)

Following abrupt phase shifts (real or simulated time zone changes, night shift work) there is desynchronisation between the internal circadian rhythms (including melatonin) and the external environment with consequent disturbances in sleep, mood and performance. In humans the pineal hormone melatonin has phase-shifting and resynchronising properties with regard to a number of circadian rhythms. Suitably timed melatonin administration hastened adaptation to phase shift and significantly improved self-rated jet lag in large numbers of time zone travellers. Preliminary results in night shift workers showed improved daytime sleep and night-time alertness. In simulated experiments, appropriately timed melatonin improved subjective sleep, alertness and performance and facilitated the readaptation of the melatonin rhythm following a rapid 9 h advance phase shift. Melatonin has also been assessed in circadian rhythm disorders with disturbed sleep (blindness and delayed sleep phase insomnia). Compared with placebo, melatonin significantly improved sleep and synchronised the sleep wake cycle in some blind subjects. Melatonin treatment significantly advanced the sleep onset time in delayed sleep phase insomnia. Taken together these findings suggest that melatonin is of benefit in facilitating adaptation to forced phase shifts and in conditions of circadian rhythm disturbance.
Seismic inversion by RMS stacking on CMP gathers (1989)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1989Seismic inversion by RMS stacking on CMP gathersAuthors: Jacob T. FokkemaPeter A. VercruijssePeter M. van den BergAdelson S. de OliveiraJacob T. FokkemaDelf University of Technology, Netherlands, Peter A. VercruijsseDelf University of Technology, Netherlands, Peter M. van den BergDelf University of Technology, Netherlands, and Adelson S. de OliveiraPPPG/UFBA, Brazilhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889840 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889840FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1989ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1989 Pages: 1375 publication data© 1989 Copyright © 1989 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jacob T. Fokkema, Peter A. Vercruijsse, Peter M. van den Berg, and Adelson S. de Oliveira, (1989), "Seismic inversion by RMS stacking on CMP gathers," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 992-995. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889840 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of Night Air Temperature on Grain Yield of Corn, Wheat, and Soybeans<sup>1</sup> (1971)

Abstract In an unreplicated test, high air temperatures at night reduced corn ( Zea mays L.) yield about 40%, wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield almost 50%, and soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) yield about 10% as compared with yields of crops growing at cool night temperatures.
Heteroepitaxial growth of CdTe on a <i>p</i>-Si(111) substrate by pulsed-light-assisted electrodeposition (2002)

Highly oriented CdTe(111) films of high-crystalline quality were grown on a Si(111) substrate by pulsed-light-assisted electrodeposition at room temperature. Strong photoluminescence peaks due to the bound exciton recombination were observed for the electrodeposited CdTe films, confirming the high quality of the films prepared by the present method. Atomic-force microscopy measurements showed an atomically ordered arrangement and demonstrated the epitaxial growth of the CdTe films.
Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle (2010)

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and results from impaired insulin signaling and multiple post-receptor intracellular defects including impaired glucose transport, glucose phosphorylation, and reduced glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis. Insulin resistance is a core defect in type 2 diabetes, it is also associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have reported a mitochondrial defect in oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in variety of insulin resistant states. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular defects that contribute to the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Heater for high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> oxide superconducting thin-film deposition (1991)

A design for a heater stage capable of operating in a high oxygen partial pressure is presented. Substrates attached to the stage may be heated up to 900 °C in oxygen partial pressures from 10−3 to 760 Torr. The design of the heater allows easy replacement of all parts.
Surface Tension of Synthetic High Polymer Solutions<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Tension of Synthetic High Polymer Solutions1H. L. Frisch and Suham Al-MadfaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3561–3565Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01547a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for the Existence of Fractional Charge on Matter (1977)

We present results of a superconducting magnetic levitation experiment which provide evidence for the existence of fractional charge on matter. Three niobium balls heat-treated on a tungsten substrate were found to have residual charges of $(+0.337\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009)e$, $(\ensuremath{-}0.001\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025)e$, and $(\ensuremath{-}0.331\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.070)e$. All five niobium balls heat-treated on a niobium substrate had residual charges near zero.
New anatomies for semiconductor wafers (1989)

The mixing and matching of semiconductor materials to produce specific performance characteristics is discussed. Instances are GaAs-on-Si and Si-on-insulator wafers, and wafers that layer various III-V and II-VI materials. The techniques, collectively named wafer engineering make it possible to grow ultrathin freestanding wafers. The discussion focuses on GaAs-on-Si and Si-on-insulator, which have the most immediate commercial potential. Cleft layers, obtained by a technique called lateral overgrowth, and other advanced approaches to engineering materials with specified properties, are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facts, Figures and Trends in Lead Generation (2004)

The goal of this paper is to review the variety of approaches adopted to improve lead generation, and make the process easier for the chemist, faster and more likely to succeed in later phases of drug development. Our analysis shows that successful lead generation requires not only an accurate definition of the needs (to define the most relevant assay protocols and readouts), but most of all a good hit as a starting point. It also appears that teams where techniques are combined are more successful in that difficult game.
Penalized Survival Models and Frailty (2003)

Interest in the use of random effects in the survival analysis setting has been increasing. However, the computational complexity of such frailty models has limited their general use. Although fitting frailty models has traditionally been difficult, standard algorithms for fitting Cox semiparametric and parametric regression models can be readily extended to include penalized regression. We demonstrate that solutions for gamma shared frailty models can be obtained exactly via penalized estimation. Similarly, Gaussian frailty models are closely linked to penalized models. Fitting frailty models with penalized likelihoods can be made quite efficient by taking advantage of computational methods available for penalized models. We have implemented penalized regression for the coxph function of S-Plus and illustrate the algorithms with examples using the Cox model.