gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure and Regulation of Lateralized Connexin43 in the Failing Heart (2010)

Our data demonstrate a previously unrecognized pathway of gap junction internalization and degradation in the heart and identify a cellular pathway with potential therapeutic implications.
Mouse Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Distinct Expression Pattern from Its Human Ortholog Suggests Different Roles as a Regulator of Organ-Specific Angiogenesis (2003)

We recently described human endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) as an endothelial cell mitogen with a novel selective activity and an expression pattern essentially limited to steroidogenic glands. Herein we present the identification and characterization of the mouse ortholog. The mouse cDNA and predicted amino acid sequences are, respectively, 86% and 88% identical with the human. Surprisingly, the mouse EG-VEGF transcript is predominantly expressed in liver and kidney. A comparison of human and mouse EG-VEGF promoter sequences revealed a potential binding site for NR5A1, which is known to be a pivotal element for steroidogenic-specific transcription, in the human but not mouse promoter. In situ hybridization studies localized expression of mouse EG-VEGF mRNA to hepatocytes and renal tubule cells. Interestingly, capillary endothelial cells in these sites share several common structural features with those found in steroidogenic glands. Within liver and kidney, EG-VEGF receptor expression was largely restricted to endothelial cells. Mouse EG-VEGF promoted proliferation and survival of endothelial cells. We propose that mouse EG-VEGF, like human EG-VEGF, plays a role in regulating the phenotype and growth properties of endothelial cells within distinct capillary beds.
Sporothrix (Sporotrichum) schenckii in a Nursery Barn Containing Sphagnum: Control of Fungus with a Disinfectant (1970)

E. S. McDonough, Ann L. Lewis, Morris Meister, Sporothrix (Sporotrichum) schenckii in a Nursery Barn Containing Sphagnum: Control of Fungus with a Disinfectant, Public Health Reports (1896-1970), Vol. 85, No. 7 (Jul., 1970), pp. 579-586
Shiga toxin in enterohemorrhagic E.coli: regulation and novel anti-virulence strategies (2012)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are responsible for major outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) throughout the world. The mortality associated with EHEC infections stems from the production and release of a potent Shiga toxin (Stx) by these bacteria. Stx induces cell death in endothelial cells, primarily in the urinary tract, causing HUS. Stx was first described in Shigella dysenteriae serotype I by Kiyoshi Shiga and was discovered later in EHEC. Multiple environmental cues regulate the expression of Stx, including temperature, growth phase, antibiotics, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and quorum sensing. Currently, there is no effective treatment or prophylaxis for HUS. Because antibiotics trigger Stx production and their use to treat EHEC infections is controversial, alternative therapeutic strategies have become the focus of intense research. One such strategy explores quorum sensing inhibitors as therapeutics. These inhibitors target quorum sensing regulation of Stx expression without interfering with bacterial growth, leading to the hypothesis that these inhibitors impose less selective pressure for bacteria to develop drug resistance. In this review, we discuss factors that regulate Stx production in EHEC, as well as novel strategies to prevent and/or minimize the development of HUS in infected subjects.
Antagonistic effects of berbamine on [Ca2+]i mobilization by KCl, norepinephrine, and caffeine in newborn rat cardiomyocytes. (1999)

Ber possessed the antagonistic effects on [Ca2+]i increases via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel and receptor-operated Ca2+ channel in newborn rat cardiomyocytes, but without effect on intracellular Ca2+ release.
Dopamine, serotonin and impulsivity (2012)

Impulsive people have a strong urge to act without thinking. It is sometimes regarded as a positive trait but rash impulsiveness is also widely present in clinical disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug dependence, mania, and antisocial behaviour. Contemporary research has begun to make major inroads into unravelling the brain mechanisms underlying impulsive behaviour with a prominent focus on the limbic cortico-striatal systems. With this progress has come the understanding that impulsivity is a multi-faceted behavioural trait involving neurally and psychologically diverse elements. We discuss the significance of this heterogeneity for clinical disorders expressing impulsive behaviour and the pivotal contribution made by the brain dopamine and serotonin systems in the aetiology and treatment of behavioural syndromes expressing impulsive symptoms.
A 14 cm×36 cm volume negative ion source producing multi-ampere H− ion beams (1990)

A large volume negative ion source, which has a newly devised magnetic filter called a PG filter, was designed and tested. The PG filter produces a uniform magnetic filter field over a large extraction area of 14×36 cm2 by flowing a high current through the plasma grid itself. By optimizing the filter strength, we succeeded to produce 3.4-A 75-keV negative hydrogen ion beams for 50 ms from 253 apertures of 11.3 mm diam with an average current H− density of 13 mA/cm2.
Reactivity of Fluorographene: A Facile Way toward Graphene Derivatives (2015)

Fluorographene (FG) is a two-dimensional graphene derivative with promising application potential; however, its reactivity is not understood. We have systematically explored its reactivity in vacuum and polar environments. The C-F bond dissociation energies for homo- and heterolytic cleavage are above 100 kcal/mol, but the barrier of SN2 substitution is significantly lower. For example, the experimentally determined activation barrier of the FG reaction with NaOH in acetone equals 14 ± 5 kcal/mol. The considerable reactivity of FG indicates that it is a viable precursor for the synthesis of graphene derivatives and cannot be regarded as a chemical counterpart of Teflon.
Activation of endogenous c-fos proto-oncogene expression by human T-cell leukemia virus type I-encoded p40tax protein in the human T-cell line, Jurkat (1989)

We examined the ability of the trans-acting factor p40tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), which is thought to be a crucial molecule in T-cell transformation by HTLV-I, to activate expression of a set of endogenous cellular genes related to T-cell proliferation. For this purpose we established a subclone (JPX-9) of Jurkat cells that was stably transfected with an expression plasmid containing the p40tax gene, whose expression is definitely dependent on heavy-metal ions. Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain in JPX-9 cells was induced in response to the induction of p40tax expression, as has been demonstrated by others in transient transfection experiments with Jurkat cells. In addition, we found that significant enhancement of expression of the nuclear proto-oncogene c-fos was closely associated with expression of p40tax. Continous enhancement in the level of c-fos mRNA was observed in the presence of p40tax. In contrast, mRNA levels of other nuclear proto-oncogenes (c-myc, c-myb, and c-jun) were not appreciably effected by the expression of p40tax. These results suggest that (i) in addition to the interleukin-2-interleukin-2 receptor system, cellular genes such as c-fos, which regulate normal T-cell growth, are also activated directly or indirectly by p40tax and (ii) p40tax-induced modulation of gene expression plays a crucial role in T-cell transformation by HTLV-I.
Equalization system including clock recovery application to MAC/Packet family signals (2002)

An equalization system including clock recovery is presented. This equalization system comprises two different parts: a classical part, that is, a mean square error time domain equalizer, and a specific part, which provides the means of ensuring clock recovery included in the equalizer loop. The main functions are a fixed phase of the sampling clock simulation and a stop criterion derived from the bit error rate (BER) by using correlation of duobinary data. Results show that the system improves the BER. It can be used to get the required sampling clock and synchronization acquisition, even with severely distorted signals. The system is stable for all the perturbations induced by the channel transmission for the D2-MAC/Packet signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic Association Studies in Epilepsy: “The Truth Is Out There” (2004)

Success has been achieved in identifying many mutations in rare monogenic epilepsy syndromes by using linkage analysis, but dissecting the genetic basis of common epilepsy syndromes has proven more difficult. Common epilepsies are genetically complex disorders believed to be influenced by variation in several susceptibility genes. Association studies can theoretically identify these genes, but despite more than 50 association studies in epilepsy, no consistent or convincing susceptibility genes have emerged, leading to scepticism about the association-study approach. We review the results of existing association studies in focal epilepsies, generalized epilepsies, febrile seizures, and epilepsy pharmacogenetics. By using an illustrative example, we discuss how methodologic issues of sample size, selection of appropriate controls, population stratification, and significance thresholds can lead to bias and false-positive associations; the importance of biologic plausibility also is emphasized. Newer methodologic refinements for association studies, such as use of two control groups, genomic control, haplotyping, and use of two independent datasets, are discussed. A summary of existing guidelines and a checklist for planning and appraising such association studies in epilepsy is presented. We remain cautiously optimistic that with methodologic refinements and multicenter collaborations with large sample sizes, association studies will ultimately be useful in dissecting the genetic basis of common epilepsy syndromes.
Method for measuring the cell gap in liquid-crystal displays (2001)

A method for measuring the cell gap of liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) is presented. It is based on analyzing the interference spectrum of white light reflected by the LCD. It can be used before or after filling the LCD. The method is applicable for LCDs whose operation is based on the polarization or the scattering of light. Four methods for the calcu- lation of the cell gap are presented. The first method is based on the wavelengths corresponding with the peaks in the interference spectrum. Two other methods use analog and digital filtering techniques to filter out all the irrelevant information in the interference spectrum; the cell gap is then calculated with fast Fourier transform (FFT) or the inverse FFT. In the fourth method an empirical model is fitted to the measured interfer- ence spectrum. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Analysis of Human Protein Replacement Stable Cell Lines Established using snoMEN-PR Vector (2013)

The study of the function of many human proteins is often hampered by technical limitations, such as cytotoxicity and phenotypes that result from overexpression of the protein of interest together with the endogenous version. Here we present the snoMEN (snoRNA Modulator of gene ExpressioN) vector technology for generating stable cell lines where expression of the endogenous protein can be reduced and replaced by an exogenous protein, such as a fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged version. SnoMEN are snoRNAs engineered to contain complementary sequences that can promote knock-down of targeted RNAs. We have established and characterised two such partial protein replacement human cell lines (snoMEN-PR). Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to analyse the specificity of knock-down and replacement at the protein level and also showed an increased pull-down efficiency of protein complexes containing exogenous, tagged proteins in the protein replacement cell lines, as compared with conventional co-expression strategies. The snoMEN approach facilitates the study of mammalian proteins, particularly those that have so far been difficult to investigate by exogenous expression and has wide applications in basic and applied gene-expression research.
Solvolysis of some substituted cyclohexyl methanesulfonates (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolysis of some substituted cyclohexyl methanesulfonatesDonald S. Noyce, Byron E. Johnston, and Benjamin WeinsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 2, 463–465Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01254a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01254a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acquisition of the GPS L5 Signal Using Coherent Combining of I5 and Q5 (2004)

This paper proposes a method for acquiring the new GPS L5 signal using a coherent combination of I5 and Q5. The performance of the method is demonstrated via analysis and computer simulation. The proposed technique takes advantage of the synchronicity and orthogonality between signal-to-noise improvement compared to the usual method of non-coherently combining I5 and Q5 correlator outputs. The paper examines various mechanizations for coherently combining I5 and Q5. Both non-FFT and FFT-based techniques are considered. In the FFT-based implementation, circular correlations for the 10 ms and 20 ms boundary alignments are used corresponding to the I5 and Q5 Neuman-Hofman (NH) codes, respectively. This technique can be directly applied to the Q5 NH code, which repeats every 20 ms. However, it is not as straightforward to apply to the I5 NH code because of the unknown data modulation. In addition, there may be residual Doppler frequency errors up to ±250 Hz in the 1 ms complex correlations, which are known to be detrimental to NH code acquisition. Both problems are solved in our approach with zero-padding and judicious design of replica code patterns. Simulation results of the proposed techniques are provided in the paper to demonstrate performance in a variety of signal-to-noise conditions with varying initial Doppler frequency uncertainty.
Improving the Accuracy of NMR Structures of RNA by Means of Conformational Database Potentials of Mean Force as Assessed by Complete Dipolar Coupling Cross-Validation (2003)

The description of the nonbonded contact terms used in simulated annealing refinement can have a major impact on nucleic acid structures generated from NMR data. Using complete dipolar coupling cross-validation, we demonstrate that substantial improvements in coordinate accuracy of NMR structures of RNA can be obtained by making use of two conformational database potentials of mean force: a nucleic acid torsion angle database potential consisting of various multidimensional torsion angle correlations; and an RNA specific base-base positioning potential that provides a simple geometric, statistically based, description of sequential and nonsequential base-base interactions. The former is based on 416 nucleic acid crystal structures solved at a resolution of </=2 A and an R-factor </=25%; the latter is based on 131 RNA crystal structures solved at a resolution of </=3 A and an R-factor of </=25%, and includes both the large and small subunits of the ribosome. The application of these two database potentials is illustrated for the structure refinement of an RNA aptamer/theophylline complex for which extensive NOE and residual dipolar coupling data have been measured in solution.
Recent Developments in Protein and Peptide Parenteral Delivery Approaches (2014)

Discovery of insulin in the early 1900s initiated the research and development to improve the means of therapeutic protein delivery in patients. In the past decade, great emphasis has been placed on bringing protein and peptide therapeutics to market. Despite tremendous efforts, parenteral delivery still remains the major mode of administration for protein and peptide therapeutics. Other routes such as oral, nasal, pulmonary and buccal are considered more opportunistic rather than routine application. Improving biological half-life, stability and therapeutic efficacy is central to protein and peptide delivery. Several approaches have been tried in the past to improve protein and peptide in vitro/in vivo stability and performance. Approaches may be broadly categorized as chemical modification and colloidal delivery systems. In this review we have discussed various chemical approaches such as PEGylation, hyperglycosylation, mannosylation, and colloidal carriers including microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes and micelles for improving protein and peptide delivery. Recent developments on in situ thermosensitive gel-based protein and peptide delivery have also been described. This review summarizes recent developments on some currently existing approaches to improve stability, bioavailability and bioactivity of peptide and protein therapeutics following parenteral administration.
Three-dimensional finite element modeling of skeletal muscle using a two-domain approach: Linked fiber-matrix mesh model (2001)

In previous applications of the finite element method in modeling mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle, the passive and active properties of muscle tissue were lumped in one finite element. Although this approach yields increased understanding of effects of force transmission, it does not support an assessment of the interaction between the intracellular structures and extracellular matrix. In the present study, skeletal muscle is considered in two domains: (1) the intracellular domain and (2) extracellular matrix domain. The two domains are represented by two separate meshes that are linked elastically to account for the trans-sarcolemmal attachments of the muscle fibers’ cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. With this approach a finite element skeletal muscle model is developed, which allows force transmission between these domains with the possibility of investigating their interaction as well as the role of the trans-sarcolemmal systems.

The model is applied to show the significance of myofascial force transmission by investigating possible mechanical consequences due to any missing link within the trans-sarcolemmal connections such as found in muscular dystrophies. This is realized by making the links between the two meshes highly compliant at selected intramuscular locations. The results indicate the role of extracellular matrix for a muscle in sustaining its physiological condition. It is shown that if there is an inadequate linking to the extracellular matrix, the myofibers become deformed beyond physiological limits due to the lacking of mechanical support and impairment of a pathway of force transmission by the extracellular matrix. This leads to calculation of a drop of muscle force and if the impairment is located more towards the center of the muscle model, its effects are more pronounced. These results indicate the significance of non-myotendinous force transmission pathways.
Purification and Characterization of Three Thermostable Endochitinases of a Noble <i>Bacillus</i> Strain, MH-1, Isolated from Chitin-Containing Compost (1998)

A thermophilic and actinic bacterium strain, MH-1, which produced three different endochitinases in its culture fluid was isolated from chitin-containing compost. The microorganism did not grow in any of the usual media for actinomyces but only in colloidal chitin supplemented with yeast extract and (2, 6-O-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin. Compost extract enhanced its growth. In spite of the formation of branched mycelia, other properties of the strain, such as the formation of endospores, the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, the percent G+C of DNA (55%), and the partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequence, indicated that strain MH-1 should belong to the genus Bacillus. Three isoforms of endochitinase (L, M, and S) were purified to homogeneity and characterized from Bacillus sp. strain MH-1. They had different molecular masses (71, 62, and 53 kDa), pIs (5.3, 4.8, and 4.7), and N-terminal amino acid sequences. Chitinases L, M, and S showed relatively high temperature optima (75, 65, and 75 degreesC) and stabilities and showed pH optima in an acidic range (pH 6.5, 5.5, and 5.5, respectively). When reacted with acetylchitohexaose [(GlcNAc)6], chitinases L and S produced (GlcNAc)2 at the highest rate while chitinase M produced (GlcNAc)3 at the highest rate. None of the three chitinases hydrolyzed (GlcNAc)2. Chitinase L produced (GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3 in most abundance from 66 and 11% partially acetylated chitosan. The p-nitrophenol (pNP)-releasing activity of chitinase L was highest toward pNP-(GlcNAc)2, and those of chitinases M and S were highest toward pNP-(GlcNAc)3. All three enzymes were inert to pNP-GlcNAc. AgCl, HgCl2, and (GlcNAc)2 inhibited the activities of all three enzymes, while MnCl2 and CaCl2 slightly activated all of the enzymes.