gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of phosphodiesterase 4D and inhibitor complex<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate physiological processes by degrading intracellular second messengers, adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphate or guanosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphate. The first crystal structure of PDE4D catalytic domain and a bound inhibitor, zardaverine, was determined. Zardaverine binds to a highly conserved pocket that includes the catalytic metal binding site. Zardaverine fills only a portion of the active site pocket. More selective PDE4 inhibitors including rolipram, cilomilast and roflumilast have additional functional groups that can utilize the remaining empty space for increased binding energy and selectivity. In the crystal structure, the catalytic domain of PDE4D possesses an extensive dimerization interface containing residues that are highly conserved in PDE1, 3, 4, 8 and 9. Mutations of R358D or D322R among these interface residues prohibit dimerization of the PDE4D catalytic domain in solution.
The Iterated Kalman Smoother as a Gauss–Newton Method (1994)

The Kalman smoother is known to be the maximum likelihood estimator when the measurement and transition functions are affine; i.e., a linear function plus a constant. A new proof of this result is presented that shows that the Kalman smoother decomposes a large least squares problem into a sequence of much smaller problems. The iterated Kalman smoother is then presented and shown to be a Gauss–Newton method for maximizing the likelihood function in the nonaffine case. This method takes advantage of the decomposition obtained with the Kalman smoother.
Integrating Therapies for Anxiety Disorders (2006)

<p>Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders in the general population of the United States. As a group, anxiety disorders share many clinicopathological features, which allow clinicians to use similar diagnostic and treatment principles for each of them. More than 200 studies have examined treatment efficacy for anxiety disorders. This article provides background on common features, reviews the efficacy of monotherapy and combined treatment, and discusses principles and goals of evaluation and treatment that target common features.</p> <h4>ABOUT THE AUTHORS</h4> <p>Dr. Hollifield is associate professor, Psychiatry and Family and Geriatric Medicine, and director, Anxiety Disorders Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Dr. Mackey is senior resident, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville. Dr. Davidson is professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.</p> <p>Address reprint requests to: Michael Hollifield, MD, University of Louisville, Med Center One, 501 E. Broadway, Louisville, KY 40202; or e-mail: <a href="mailto:m.hollifield@louisville.edu">m.hollifield@louisville.edu</a>. </p> <p>Dr. Davidson receives grant or research support from Pfizer, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth, UCB Pharma, and Forest, serves as a consultant and scientific advisor to Pfizer, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, and Forest, and serves on the Speakers’ Bureau for Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Forest. Drs. Hollifield and Mackey disclosed no relevant financial relationships.</p>
Selective inhibitory effects of the anticoagulant activated protein C on the responses of human mononuclear phagocytes to LPS, IFN- <i>gamma</i> , or phorbol ester. (1994)

Recent studies have shown that infusion of the anticoagulant protein, activated protein C (APC), can ameliorate many of the systemic effects of endotoxemia in experimental animals, although the mechanisms in this action are unknown. We investigated the effects of APC on the responses of blood monocytes, alveolar macrophages, and cells of the monocyte line, THP-1, to stimulation in vitro by LPS, IFN-gamma, or PMA. Mononuclear phagocyte (MO) activation was associated with rapid production of TNF-alpha, down-regulation of the glycophosphatidylinositol-linked protein CD14 (the key MO receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS-binding protein responsible for intracellular signaling), and down-regulation of the related LPS-binding proteins CD11b and CD18. Addition of APC, but not the zymogen, PC, or active site-blocked APC, inhibited selected MO responses involving the CD14-dependent LPS-induced pathway of MO activation, or activation induced by IFN-gamma or PMA. Thus, APC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and prevented down-regulation of membrane CD11b, CD14, and CD18, but had no effect on up-regulation of MHC class II, ICAM-1, or IL-2R, down-regulation of MO expression of another glycophosphatidylinositol-linked protein, CD59, or production of reactive oxygen intermediates. These data show that APC inhibits host cytokine production but maintains MO responses associated with adhesion, phagocytosis, and killing of Gram-negative bacteria, such that use of APC may be a logical and potent adjunctive therapy in select inflammatory diseases involving MO activation and damaging host cytokine overproduction.
High Frequency CMOS Transconductors (1993)

The primary goal of this chapter is to highlight the important aspects of transconductor design in the framework of current mode signal processing systems. Emphasis will be placed on large signal performance, with secondary consideration given to frequency response and noise. The chapter begins with an introduction to the mathematical techniques needed to characterize transconductor performance. Using these techniques, the large signal and small signal properties of the differential pair are analyzed. It will be shown that while offering excellent high frequency performance and low noise, its large signal characteristics are nonlinear. Therefore, the dynamic range and efficiency of the differential pair are limited.
Lunasin: A Novel Cancer Preventive Seed Peptide that Modifies Chromatin (2008)

Lunasin is a novel cancer preventive peptide whose efficacy against chemical carcinogens and oncogenes has been demonstrated in mammalian cells and a skin cancer mouse model. In contrast, constitutive expression of the lunasin gene in mammalian cells leads to arrest of cell division and cell death. Isolated and characterized in soy, lunasin peptide is also documented in barley and wheat and is predicted to be present in many more seeds because of its possible role in seed development. Initial studies show that lunasin is bioavailable in mice when orally ingested. Lunasin internalizes into mammalian cells within minutes of exogenous application, and localizes in the nucleus after 18 h. It inhibits acetylation of core histones in mammalian cells but does not affect the growth rate of normal and established cancer cell lines. An epigenetic mechanism of action is proposed whereby lunasin selectively kills cells being transformed or newly transformed cells by binding to deacetylated core histones exposed by the transformation event, disrupting the dynamics of histone acetylation-deacetylation.
Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipoxygenase Polymorphisms in Alzheimer's Disease in a Population from Northern Italy: Implication for Pharmacogenomics (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by cognitive deficit with progressive worsening of memory. Recent data indicate that neurons, as well as other brain cells, can express enzymes such as cyclooxygenases (COXs) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) which are considered important in inflammatory cells. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that COX-2 and 5-LO enzymes play a considerable role in the pathophysiology of AD. In order to assess the possible role of COX-2 and 5-LO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AD, we examined their distribution in 341 AD patients and 190 controls from Northern Italy. A significant difference was observed in the distribution of the -765G COX-2 and -1708A 5-LO alleles between AD cases and controls (p=0.03 for -765G/C COX-2 SNP; and p=0.007 for -1708G/A 5-LO SNP). Hence, COX-2 -765G and 5-LO -1708A alleles were overrepresented in AD patients and underrepresented in controls. Our data suggest that these alleles of COX-2 and 5-LO could be risk factors for AD. These results seem of some importance for a pharmacogenomic approach.
A 'speechiness' measure to improve speech decoding in the presence of other sound sources (2008)

When speech is corrupted by other sound sources certain spectro-temporal regions will be dominated by speech energy and others by the noise. Listeners are able to exploit these cues to achieve robust speech perception in adverse conditions. Inspired by this perception process a ‘speech fragment decoding’ technique has shown promising robustness when handling multiple sound sources. This paper proposes an approach to estimating ‘speechiness’ – a degree of confidence that a spectrotemporal region is dominated by speech energy – using the modulation spectrogram. This additional knowledge is employed to steer the decoder towards selecting more reliable speech evidence in noise. Experiments show that the speechiness measure is capable of improving recognition accuracies in various noise conditions at 0 dB global signal-to-noise ratio.
An Improved Combined Forecasting Method for Electric Power Load Based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (2010)

Daily power load forecasting is an essential function in electrical power system operation and planning. The accuracy peak power load forecasting can ensure secure operation of the electric utility grid and have the least cost. Therefore, a good deal of forecasting methods have been proposed and studied in this domain. In this paper, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is developed to forecast short-term power load of New South Wales in Australia, then rectify residual errors using method of weighted mean. This combined method makes accuracy higher than the single ARIMA model.
Structures of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein: membrane fusion revisited (2008)

Glycoprotein G of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is involved in receptor recognition at the host cell surface and then, after endocytosis of the virion, triggers membrane fusion via a low pH-induced structural rearrangement. G is an atypical fusion protein, as there is a pH-dependent equilibrium between its pre- and post-fusion conformations. The atomic structures of these two conformations reveal that it is homologous to glycoprotein gB of herpesviruses and that it combines features of the previously characterized class I and class II fusion proteins. Comparison of the structures of G pre- and postfusion states shows a dramatic reorganization of the molecule that is reminiscent of that of paramyxovirus fusion protein F. It also allows identification of conserved key residues that constitute pH-sensitive molecular switches. Besides the similarities with other viral fusion machineries, the fusion properties and structures of G also reveal some striking particularities that invite us to reconsider a few dogmas concerning fusion proteins.
Vision-based vehicle detection and counting system using deep learning in highway scenes (2019)

Intelligent vehicle detection and counting are becoming increasingly important in the field of highway management. However, due to the different sizes of vehicles, their detection remains a challenge that directly affects the accuracy of vehicle counts. To address this issue, this paper proposes a vision-based vehicle detection and counting system. A new high definition highway vehicle dataset with a total of 57,290 annotated instances in 11,129 images is published in this study. Compared with the existing public datasets, the proposed dataset contains annotated tiny objects in the image, which provides the complete data foundation for vehicle detection based on deep learning. In the proposed vehicle detection and counting system, the highway road surface in the image is first extracted and divided into a remote area and a proximal area by a newly proposed segmentation method; the method is crucial for improving vehicle detection. Then, the above two areas are placed into the YOLOv3 network to detect the type and location of the vehicle. Finally, the vehicle trajectories are obtained by the ORB algorithm, which can be used to judge the driving direction of the vehicle and obtain the number of different vehicles. Several highway surveillance videos based on different scenes are used to verify the proposed methods. The experimental results verify that using the proposed segmentation method can provide higher detection accuracy, especially for the detection of small vehicle objects. Moreover, the novel strategy described in this article performs notably well in judging driving direction and counting vehicles. This paper has general practical significance for the management and control of highway scenes.
Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (2010)

Particle swarm optimization is a heuristic global optimization method and also an optimization algorithm, which is based on swarm intelligence. It comes from the research on the bird and fish flock movement behavior. The algorithm is widely used and rapidly developed for its easy implementation and few particles required to be tuned. The main idea of the principle of PSO is presented; the advantages and the shortcomings are summarized. At last this paper presents some kinds of improved versions of PSO and research situation, and the future research issues are also given.
Development of an automatic photometric titration procedure to determine olive oil acidity employing a miniaturized multicommuted flow-batch setup (2013)

The present work proposes an automatic procedure for photometric determination of olive oil acidity, employing a miniaturized multicommuted flow-batch analysis setup without the use of calibration curves. Under microcomputer control, the proposed setup was able to mimic the manual procedure suggested by the European Commission Regulation. A homemade LED-based photometer was designed by coupling a radiation source and a photodetector to the titration chamber, creating a compact and downsized unit. The photometric titration of olive oil was carried out using potassium hydroxide solution in an n-propanol medium, which was done without any previous pretreatment, thereby allowing that a true photometric titration procedure in a non-aqueous medium was carried out for the first time. After establishing better operational conditions, the proposed procedure was applied to determine acidity in olive oil samples. The accuracy was assessed by applying the paired t-test to results obtained using a reference method, and there was no significant difference at a 95% confidence level. Other useful features were achieved, including a relative standard deviation of 1.8% (n = 6), a sample consumption of 125 μL per determination, an effluent generation of 1.4 mL per titration, and a sampling throughput ranging from 40 to 50 determinations per hour, whereby indicating that it could be an effective alternative for routine analysis of olive oil.
How the Cyclin Became a Minireview Cyclin: Regulated Proteolysis in the Cell Cycle (1999)

Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine issue concerning the cell cycle, and E3 complexes pro-Houston, Texas 77030 videthekeytoregulatedproteolysis.TwoE3complexeswere discovered through studies of cell cycle regula-tion: the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex (APC)One hundred years from now when the dust of the pres- and the SCF complex.ent has long settled and the wizened eye of history
<title>Low-complexity subspace-based estimation of axis of symmetry for lithographic alignment</title> (1994)

In lithographic alignment, the previously etched features on the wafer are used for aligning the wafer with the mask for subsequent exposure steps. Accurate and timely estimation of the position of the alignment patterns on the wafer is becoming more crucial as feature sizes continue to shrink, and misalignment errors become less tolerable. In this paper, we propose a low complexity algorithm for estimating the position of the axis of symmetry of registration marks in lithographic alignment. The proposed technique is based on the exploitation of our recently developed SLIDE (subspace-based line detection) algorithm along with ideas from communication theory, and produces sub-pixel resolution estimates for the axis of symmetry of alignment marks. A further stage of the algorithm provides estimates of the linewidth.
ElastiFace (2013)

In this paper we present ElastiFace, a simple and versatile method for establishing correspondence between textured face models, either for the construction of a blend-shape facial rig or for the exploration of new characters by morphing between a set of input models. While there exists a wide variety of approaches for inter-surface mapping and mesh morphing, most techniques are not suitable for our application: They either require the insertion of additional vertices, are limited to topological planes or spheres, are restricted to near-isometric input meshes, and/or are algorithmically and computationally involved. In contrast, our method extends linear non-rigid registration techniques to allow for strongly varying input geometries. It is geometrically intuitive, simple to implement, computationally efficient, and robustly handles highly non-isometric input models. In order to match the requirements of other applications, such as recent perception studies, we further extend our geometric matching to the matching of input textures and morphing of geometries and rendering styles.
Power system harmonic analysis in wind power plants — Part I: Study methodology and techniques (2012)

This paper discusses different aspects of power system harmonic analysis in wind power plants. It begins with discussing various aspects of the harmonic analysis in wind power plants. The topics discussed include harmonic generation mechanism of wind turbines, harmonic emission vs. harmonic susceptibility, event driven harmonics, harmonic frequency range, harmonic cancellation, and harmonics standards. Different methods suitable for harmonic analysis in wind power plants including harmonic power flow, frequency scans, and time-domain analysis are elaborated on, and the differences between the stochastic and deterministic approaches are discussed. The modeling methodology for different components of wind power plants including wind turbine generator, transformer, cables, and the equivalent network representation is then presented. Harmonic susceptibility and interaction of wind turbine with the rest of power system and possibility of resonance and harmonic excitation is then discussed. Several simulation case studies obtained from harmonic analysis of practical wind power plants are presented.
Purification and characterization of hyaluronidase from oral Peptostreptococcus species (1985)

Hyaluronidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from the spent medium of Peptostreptococcus sp. strain 84H14S. The enzyme was purified 310-fold by ethanol precipitation, gel chromatography, and cation-exchange chromatography with a recovery of 42% of the original activity in the culture medium. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 160,000 by gel filtration with Sephacryl S-300. Like bacterial mucopolysaccharidases of other sources, the enzyme carried out an eliminative reaction with the substrate, producing 4,5-unsaturated disaccharides as the final end products. Its optimum temperature of activity is 46 degrees C. The purified peptostreptococcal hyaluronidase was different from previously reported bacterial hyaluronidases in several respects. It degraded hyaluronic acid rapidly and also exhibited some activity against chondroitin sulfate A and chondroitin sulfate C. The KmS for hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate A, and chondroitin sulfate C were 0.14, 1.4, and 2.6 mg/ml, respectively. The specific activity of hyaluronidase was much higher than that of any previously purified mucopolysaccharidases. The Vmax against hyaluronic acid reached 400 mmol of product per min per mg of protein at 22 degrees C. The peptostreptococcal hyaluronidase was also unique in that its optimum pH of activity was around neutrality, whereas other bacterial hyaluronidases were most active at acidic pHs.
/spl Xscr/-TNL: an XML-based language for trust negotiations (2004)

We present /spl Xscr/-TNL, an XML-based language for carrying on trust negotiations. The language provides a flexible way of qualifying the parties involved in the negotiation, which relies on a distinction between credentials and declarations. Additionally, it provides an expressive XML encoding of disclosure policies, where a disclosure policy regulates the disclosure of a resource by imposing conditions on both credentials and negotiations. The language we provide has been especially conceived for handling multiple and heterogeneous credentials and it is flexible enough to express a wide range of protection requirements. Besides describing the language in full details, we show examples of its applicability.
Science and Peer Review: The Canadian Standard-Setting Experience (1985)

Governmental regulatory activities are increasingly based on scientific and technical information. The quality of that information can affect significantly the final regulatory decision; indeed, interest groups often challenge the scientific underpinnings of regulation rather than focus on fundamental disagreements about public policy. Peer review to ensure that science is well-founded is thus especially important in the regulatory process, despite the fact that the nature of that process may inhibit standard forms of quality control. This article addresses this complex relationship in the context of the standard-setting process in the Canadian Government. In the first part of the article, I examine some general characteristics of the relationship among standards, and peer review, using communications theory as a basis for the analysis. Then I present a brief description of standard setting in Canada, using the conceptual model developed earlier. The article is based on research into standard setting in Canada on four potentially dangerous chemicals. This research, which is nearing completion, explores the implications of what is termed mandated science, scientific work produced for the purposes of decisionmaking. Each case study in the research project involves the examination of documents, transcripts, and interview materials from the controversies that surround the development of the standard under examination. This article presents
Surface Plasmon Resonance for Cell-Based Clinical Diagnosis (2014)

Non-invasive real-time observations and the evaluation of living cell conditions and functions are increasingly demanded in life sciences. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors detect the refractive index (RI) changes on the surface of sensor chips in label-free and on a real-time basis. Using SPR sensors, we and other groups have developed techniques to evaluate living cells' reactions in response to stimuli without any labeling in a real-time manner. The SPR imaging (SPRI) system for living cells may visualize single cell reactions and has the potential to expand application of SPR cell sensing for clinical diagnosis, such as multi-array cell diagnostic systems and detection of malignant cells among normal cells in combination with rapid cell isolation techniques.