gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Example-Guided Scene Image Synthesis using Masked Spatial-Channel Attention and Patch-Based Self-Supervision (2019)

Example-guided image synthesis has been recently attempted to synthesize an image from a semantic label map and an exemplary image. In the task, the additional exemplary image serves to provide style guidance that controls the appearance of the synthesized output. Despite the controllability advantage, the previous models are designed on datasets with specific and roughly aligned objects. In this paper, we tackle a more challenging and general task, where the exemplar is an arbitrary scene image that is semantically unaligned to the given label map. To this end, we first propose a new Masked Spatial-Channel Attention (MSCA) module which models the correspondence between two unstructured scenes via cross-attention. Next, we propose an end-to-end network for joint global and local feature alignment and synthesis. In addition, we propose a novel patch-based self-supervision scheme to enable training. Experiments on the large-scale CCOO-stuff dataset show significant improvements over existing methods. Moreover, our approach provides interpretability and can be readily extended to other tasks including style and spatial interpolation or extrapolation, as well as other content manipulation.
Fate of patients with residual tumour at the bronchial resection margin (1994)

The presence of microscopic deposits of tumour cells at the bronchial resection margin (BRM) may adversely affect the prognosis of patients. Residual tumour cells were identified at the BRM in 40 (5.4%) of 735 patients who had been operated on for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The extent of disease was stage I in 7 (17.5%), stage II in 21 (52.5%), stage IIIa in 10 (25%) and stage IIIb in 2 (5%) patients. Malignant cells were found to have infiltrated the submucosal lymphatics in 5 (12.5%) cases and the peribronchial tissue in the remaining 35 (87.5%). Fifteen (37.5%) patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Recurrence of the disease was diagnosed in 29 (72.5%) patients after a median of 17 months (range 3-111). The recurrence was local in 17 (59%) and distant in 12 (41%). The 5-year overall actuarial survival rate was 21.6% and was not affected by RT (P = NS). Only patients with stage IIIa disease and a positive bronchial stump had a significantly reduced 5-year survival rate compared to those with a negative stump, 0% vs 17% (P < 0.001). Tumour cells at the resection margin did not affect the survival in this cohort except those with stage IIIa disease, and the addition of adjuvant RT did not significantly affect its recurrence in patients with NSCLC.
Mechanism of therapeutic effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Attenuation of acute, complement-dependent immune damage in a guinea pig model. (1989)

Studies were performed in in vitro and in vivo models to assess the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the development of acute complement-mediated tissue damage. IVIG significantly increased the duration of survival and frequently prevented the death of guinea pigs injected with anti-Forssman antiserum to cause lethal Forssman shock; no control animal treated with albumin and/or maltose vehicle survived. The most pronounced effect was achieve by delivering IVIG as one slow injection at 1,800 mg/kg 3 h before Forssman shock was elicited. Infusion of guinea pig IgG at the same dosage was similarly protective. A strong positive correlation was found between IgG plasma levels and survival time in guinea pigs treated with graded doses of IVIG. Therapy itself did not affect C3 and C4 levels nor the capacity to activate these components. In vitro studies showed almost complete inhibition of C3 uptake onto IgG-sensitized erythrocytes using serum from an IVIG-treated animal. We suggest that supraphysiologic levels of IVIG act in part by preventing active C3 fragments from binding to target cells. Infusion of high dose IVIG may be a rational approach to modulating acute, complement-dependent tissue damage in a variety of diseases in man.
<title>Performance evaluation of subband coding and optimization of its filter coefficients</title> (1991)

In this paper, two analytical methods to evaluate coding performance of subband coding are proposed, and optimization of its filter coefficients from the viewpoint of energy compaction property is considered. The first method is based on matrix representation of subband coding in time domain, where the coding gain given by Jayant and Noll is introduced as a performance measure for filter banks with orthogonal property. The second method is based on optimum bit allocation problem for subband coding (multirate filter bank), where the unified coding gain is derived as a new performance measure which can be applied to arbitrary transform techniques. We then try to find filter coefficients which maximize the unified coding gain according to input characteristics. This approach leads to optimization of filter coefficients from the viewpoint of energy compaction property.
Endogenous 5‐HT, released by MDMA through serotonin transporter‐ and secretory vesicle‐dependent mechanisms, reduces hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission by preferential activation of 5‐HT<sub>1B</sub> receptors located on CA1 pyramidal neurons (2003)

A multitude of different serotonin (5-HT) receptor types are expressed in the hippocampus, but the identity of receptors actually mediating the physiological response to endogenous 5-HT has not been determined. We combined pharmacologically induced release of 5-HT with patch-clamp recordings on disinhibited rat CA1 minislices to determine effects of endogenous 5-HT on the excitability of pyramidal neurons and synaptic transmission among them. We found that application of 5-HT releasers, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) or p-methylthioamphetamine, at concentrations ranging from 2 to 50 microm, reduced the excitatory synaptic transmission between CA1 pyramidal neurons without altering their basal electrical properties. This effect of MDMA was blocked by the selective 5-HT1B antagonist GR 55562, was dependent on endogenous 5-HT content and was mediated by presynaptically located, pertussis-toxin sensitive mechanisms. We found no other MDMA effects in our preparation, which indicates that the release of endogenous 5-HT preferentially stimulates 5-HT1B receptors on CA1 pyramidal neurons. Therefore, 5-HT1B receptor activation may represent a predominant component of the physiological response to endogenous 5-HT in the CA1. The high sensitivity of the 5-HT1B receptor-mediated reduction of polysynaptic excitatory responses to the extracellular 5-HT level enabled us to study mechanisms of the 5-HT releasing action of MDMA. Block of the serotonin transporter (SERT) with citalopram slowed the time course and reduced overall 5-HT release by MDMA. Depletion of vesicular 5-HT, by inhibition of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 with tetrabenazine prevented the release. Thus although the SERT reversal contributes, a direct vesicle-depleting action is essential for MDMA release of 5-HT.
Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of extraction sockets treated with an autologous bone marrow graft (2010)

These findings suggest that the autologous bone marrow graft can contribute to alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction.
Using band engineering to tailor the emission spectra of trichromatic semipolar InGaN light-emitting diodes for phosphor-free polarized white light emission (2016)

We report a polarized white light-emitting device that monolithically integrates an electrically injected blue light-emitting diode grown on the (202¯1¯) face of a bulk GaN substrate and optically pumped InGaN quantum wells (QWs) with green and red light emission grown on the (202¯1) face. To overcome the challenges associated with growing high indium content InGaN QWs for long wavelength emission, a p-i-n doping profile was used to red-shift the emission wavelength of one of the optically pumped QWs by creating a built-in electric field in the same direction as the polarization-induced electric field. Emission peaks were observed at 450 nm from the electrically injected QW and at 520 nm and 590 nm from the optically pumped QWs, which were situated in n-i-n and p-i-n structures, respectively. The optically pumped QW in the p-i-n structure was grown at a growth temperature that was 10 °C colder compared to the QW in the n-i-n structure, so the emission from the QW in the p-i-n structure was red-shifted due to increased indium content as well as the built-in electric field. Modeling work confirmed that the built-in electric field made a greater contribution than the change in alloy composition to the red-shift in emission from the QW in the p-i-n structure. The combined emission from the red, green, and blue QWs resulted in white-light emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage x- and y-chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.35) and an optical polarization ratio of 0.30.
Respiration response curve analysis of heart rate variability (1997)

A noninvasive study was conducted on intact awake humans to characterize the dynamic response of the heart to the vagus during slow-, comfortable-, and fast-paced respiration (8, 12, and 18 breaths/min), under both sitting and standing conditions. The respiration response curve (RRC) of respiration-associated vagal effects on the heart was estimated, and characteristics of entrainment and frequency dependence on respiration were demonstrated. It was shown that the degree of entrainment and magnitude of phase resetting decrease with increase of pacing rate from 8 to 18 breaths/min. Further, the RRC was examined by overlapping equivalent phase shifts in different respiration cycles. This examination of the RRC can help us not only to find the common pattern underlying the RRC during different respiration cycles but also to perceive its variation related to degree of entrainment.
Control of nematode on cotton: Investigations indicate preplanting fumigation of cotton land effective treatment for control of root-knot nematode (1955)

Cotton root-knot nematode—Meloidogyne incognita var. acrita—an be controlled by crop rotation, by summer fallow, by a combination of these two practices, or by preplanting fumigation of infested soil.
Muscle regeneration in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice studied by gene expression profiling (2005)

Based on the observed expression profiles, we describe a model for muscle regeneration in mdx mice, which may provide new leads for development of DMD therapies based on the improvement of muscle regeneration efficacy.
The reactor granule technology: A revolutionary approach to polymer blends and alloys (1994)

Abstract The new plastic materials frontier in general and in thermoplastic polyolefins in particular developed in the last years and into next century are and will be represented by polymer alloys. The new trend in polymer alloy is to obtain them from monomer directly in the reactor, replacing the polymer blends previously made by mechanical melt extrusion of preformed polymers. It discloses new opportunities in term of properties together with better economics. The reactor granule technology developed by Himont/Montecatini produces spherical form alloys that are a synergistic combination of morphological, chemical, rheological and thermomechanical properties, by which the polymer finds many applications not previously suitable for polypropylene or polyethylene. In reactor granule technology the multimonomer random and heterophasic copolymers can be produced primarly within the granule enclosed by a solid polymer skin free from sticky nature, typical of polymers obtained by gas‐phase technology and causing many problems like particles agglomeration and fouling.
Nefazodone in Major Depression (1998)

One hundred sixty-six patients suffering from major depressive disorders were treated for 8 weeks with nefazodone in an open study in dosage ranges from 200 to 600 mg. This report focuses primarily on the first week of therapy and on the concomitant use of several benzodiazepines, one of which is not metabolized by the cytochrome system (temazepam). Triazolam response was further evaluated as a function of two nefazodone dosage regimens provided during the first week of therapy, one group receiving nefazodone 200 mg/day for 7 days, and another group receiving nefazodone 200 mg/day for 3 days, followed by 4 days with 400 mg/day. Finally, a comparison of three different nefazodone dosages, the third being 400 mg from day 1 on, was also carried out. Outcome measures included Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total and the total of the three Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression insomnia items, as well as global improvement, a daily completed sleep questionnaire, and adverse event assessment. A combination of nefazodone with a benzodiazepine (BZ) caused more sedation than nefazodone alone; triazolam, the BZ with the shortest half-life and the highest dependence on the cytochrome 450 system for its metabolism, caused the least amount of sedation, and alprazolam and diazepam, the two daytime benzodiazepines, caused the most sedation. Triazolam caused significant and identical reduction of insomnia in both nefazodone groups. Compared with nefazodone 200 mg given as monotherapy, insomnia was significantly improved--not only by triazolam, but also alprazolam and diazepam, but not temazepam. The addition of nefazodone raised triazolam plasma levels to almost 500%, the plasma level of desmethyl-diazepam 87%, and that of alprazolam 34%. Temazepam plasma levels remained unchanged. When prescribing nefazodone with a benzodiazepine, one should expect an improved sleep pattern initially, but at the cost of clinically relevant daytime sedation. The prediction that temazepam, the only BZ not dependent on the cytochrome mechanism for metabolism, should be the least sedating, and triazolam, because of its cytochromic metabolism interference with nefazodone should be the most sedating, could not be confirmed. In fact, triazolam 0.25 mg capsules seem to be the safest treatment of choice when one has to combine a benzodiazepine with nefazodone in initial stages of therapy, at least of the four benzodiazepines tested in this study.
Tunable cladding pumped neodymium-doped three-level fiber laser (2004)

A cladding pumped neodymium-doped fiber laser tunable from 932 nm to 953 nm produced a single-mode laser output. A maximum power of 705 mW was measured at 944 nm. A W-profile core refractive index suppressed competing four-level emission at 1090 nm. The results are compared with numerical simulations based on measured physical parameters.
Synthesis, NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies of N-acetyl-3-butanoyltetramic acid (1994)

The reaction of N-acetylglycine p-nitrophenyl ester with the anion of an active methylene compound proceeds to give N-acetyl-3-butanoyltetramic acid. The influence of the N-acetyl group on the equilibrium between different ‘internal’ and ‘external’ tautomeric forms of N-acetyl-3-butanoyltetramic acid was investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structure of this compound was confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure determination.
ROLE OF CONTRACTION‐INDUCED INJURY IN THE MECHANISMS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE IN MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (2004)

1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe disease of skeletal muscle, characterized by an X-linked recessive inheritance and a lack of dystrophin in muscle fibres. It is associated with progressive and severe wasting and weakness of nearly all muscles and premature death by cardiorespiratory failure. 2. Studies investigating the susceptibility of dystrophic skeletal muscles to contraction-mediated damage, especially after lengthening actions where activated muscles are stretched forcibly, have concluded that dystrophin may confer protection to muscle fibres by providing a mechanical link between the contractile apparatus and the plasma membrane. In the absence of dystrophin, there is disruption to normal force transmission and greater stress placed upon myofibrillar and membrane proteins, leading to muscle damage. 3. Contraction protocols (involving activation and stretch of isolated muscles or muscle fibres) have been developed to assess the relative susceptibility of dystrophic (and otherwise healthy) muscles to contraction-induced injury. These protocols have been used successfully to determine the relative efficacy of different (gene, cell or pharmacological) interventions designed to ameliorate or cure the dystrophic pathology. More research is needed to develop specific 'contraction assays' that will assist in the evaluation of the clinical significance of different therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophy.
Using an Anonymous Web-Based Incident Reporting Tool to Embed the Principles of a High-Reliability Organization (2008)

High-reliability organizations (HROs) are complex and have the potential for catastrophic failures yet operate with few such defects. Examples include; nuclear aircraft carriers, nuclear power plants, and air traffic control. Health care is also a highly complex industry with many catastrophic defects that would benefit from employing the principles of HROs. HRO reliability results from a capability to discover, manage, and reduce unexpected events. Paper-based reporting systems impede reporting of both actual and near-miss events. In April 2001, Trinity Health designed and implemented an anonymous Web-based reporting tool known as PEERs (Potential Error and Event Reporting System) that was based on the Aviation Safety Reporting System. The goal was to increase the reporting of actual events and near misses, facilitate the management of events, and identify potential safety problems before patients were harmed. Thirty-six Trinity Health hospitals and affiliates are currently using the PEERs system, and over 200,000 reports have been generated. Approximately 80 percent of these reports would have been overlooked in the paper system. The reports are standardized and are immediately available for use by the PEERs coordinator/safety officer. Significant care practice changes have resulted from PEERs reporting. In 2006, 59 root cause analyses were performed as a result of PEERs reports, 16 policies and 123 processes were changed, and an additional 50 policies are undergoing revision. A systemwide council of PEERs Coordinators meets regularly to share lessons learned and best practices related to patient safety. This information is routinely shared with management. The PEERs system nurtures a blame-free environment where reporting is encouraged. It has increased the reporting of events in a manner that allows for timely, efficient, and thorough analysis. PEERs facilitates the discovery, management, and eventual reduction of adverse events.
Kinetics of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Specific Immune Responses in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B or After Hbs Vaccination: Stimulation of The In Vitro Antibody Response by Interferon Gamma (1999)

Because cellular and humoral immune responses against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBs) might be crucial to overcome HBV infection, HBs-specific B- and T-cell responses of HBV patients and HBs vaccine recipients were analyzed quantitatively and functionally. In patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB), transient high anti-HBs-secreting B-cell frequencies were observed early after clinical onset, whereas 1 patient who probably developed chronic infection and chronic HBV carriers had absent or weak B- and T-cell responses. In HBs vaccine recipients, maximal HBs-specific B- and T-cell responses were detected after the first injection that decreased gradually before anti-HBs antibodies appeared in serum. Years after vaccination, anti-HBs-secreting B cells were enriched in the bone marrow. After in vitro stimulation with HBsAg, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of only 1 of 5 acute and 1 of 6 chronic HBV patients, but of all 6 vaccine recipients, secreted varying amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), but no interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-5. Furthermore, the addition of IFN-gamma, but not of IL-2, -4, -12, or IFN-alpha, resulted in strong increases of anti-HBs-secreting B cells in vaccine recipients and chronic carriers. In conclusion, circulating anti-HBs-secreting B cells were significantly higher in early acute hepatitis B or early after HBs vaccination than in chronic hepatitis B and decreased in the follow-up as a result of compartmentalization to lymphoid tissues. Release of IFN-gamma by antigen-stimulated T cells might be critical for anti-HBs formation.
<i>S</i> -nitrosation of proteins relevant to Alzheimer’s disease during early stages of neurodegeneration (2016)

Protein S-nitrosation (SNO-protein), the nitric oxide-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols, is an important regulatory mechanism of protein function in both physiological and pathological pathways. A key first step toward elucidating the mechanism by which S-nitrosation modulates a protein's function is identification of the targeted cysteine residues. Here, we present a strategy for the simultaneous identification of SNO-cysteine sites and their cognate proteins to profile the brain of the CK-p25-inducible mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration. The approach-SNOTRAP (SNO trapping by triaryl phosphine)-is a direct tagging strategy that uses phosphine-based chemical probes, allowing enrichment of SNO-peptides and their identification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. SNOTRAP identified 313 endogenous SNO-sites in 251 proteins in the mouse brain, of which 135 SNO-proteins were detected only during neurodegeneration. S-nitrosation in the brain shows regional differences and becomes elevated during early stages of neurodegeneration in the CK-p25 mouse. The SNO-proteome during early neurodegeneration identified increased S-nitrosation of proteins important for synapse function, metabolism, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. In the latter case, proteins related to amyloid precursor protein processing and secretion are S-nitrosated, correlating with increased amyloid formation. Sequence analysis of SNO-cysteine sites identified potential linear motifs that are altered under pathological conditions. Collectively, SNOTRAP is a direct tagging tool for global elucidation of the SNO-proteome, providing functional insights of endogenous SNO proteins in the brain and its dysregulation during neurodegeneration.
PMMA Isocyanate-Modified Digital Discs as a Support for Oligonucleotide-Based Assays (2007)

A mild chemical procedure for the derivatization of PMMA as the isocyanate on rigid supports is described. The proposal is based on spin-coating the support with a hydroxy-modified PMMA polymer, followed by treatment with (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane, developing an isocyanate-ended PMMA. Oligonucleotide hybridization assays performed on this surface demonstrate that the process is simple and highly effective and agree with the results of other modified materials, including aminated PMMA, gold, and glass. As a demonstration, it has been applied to covalently attached aminated oligonucleotides on a modified audio-video compact disc (CD) surface to perform DNA probe hybridization assays. Measurements were carried out with a CD player, by detecting the solid microspots precipitated from an enzymatic reaction (HRP-TMB). This new approach, being a competitive technique, opens a broad horizon of applications for point of care or in situ needs.