gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HOUSEFLY MEMORY (1974)

H. Mourier (1965) described a “novelty effect” in the response of houseflies, Musca domestica L., to a “new object” (usually a 15×15 cm square black tile) placed on the floor of their cage. On its first introduction into their familiar environment, the tile appeared highly attractive and received many visits. The number of visits thereafter decreased and approached a constant level after about 20 min. If the tile was then removed and replaced after an interval of less than 5 min there was no novelty receptivity, but this gradually returned as the time the tile was out of the cage was more and more extended. After 40–60 minutes the response was equal to the “new object” attractiveness. The flies did not seem to miss the tile when it was removed (Mourier, pers. comm., 1971).
Computer generated hologram with characteristics of reflection: reflectance distributions and reflected images (2009)

This paper proposes a new computer generated hologram (CGH) method that considers the reflectance distribution on object surfaces and reflected images. The reflectance distributions are generated from phase differences determined by the shape of the object surface, which is constructed by using the Blinn and Torrance-Sparrow reflection models. Moreover, the reflected images are adapted when they are mapped onto metallic objects such as mirrors. Incorporating these two characteristics of reflection means that CGHs can express metallic objects realistically. Computer simulations and computational and optical reconstructed experiments were carried out. These results show the potential of the proposed method for showing metallic objects.
CALI: A Novel Visual Model for Frequent Pattern Mining in Protein-Ligand Graphs (2017)

Protein-ligand interaction (PLI) networks show how proteins interact with small non-protein ligands through noncovalent bonding. Understanding such interactions is a crucial step towards ligand prediction, target identification and drug design. We propose CALI (Complex network-based Analysis of protein-Ligand Interactions), a graph-based, visual strategy coupled with complex network topological properties to summarize and detect frequent patterns in PLIs. Patterns obtained with CALI were compared to experimentally determined protein-ligand interactions from the CDK2 and Ricin dataset. For the CDK2, CALI found 90% of interacting residues, and all residues of the Ricin that interact with ligands. We devised a powerful visual and interactive strategy to analyze the data, providing a general view of the interaction dataset, showing the most common PLIs from a global perspective.
Dissection of the Effects of Quercetin on Mouse Myocardium (2016)

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with several biological activities. This study aimed to describe quercetin effects on contractile and electrophysiological properties of the cardiac muscle as well as on calcium handling. Quercetin elicited positive inotropism that was significantly reduced by propranolol indicating an involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. In cardiomyocytes, 30 μM quercetin increased I<sub>Ca,L</sub> at 0 mV from -0.95 ± 0.01 A/F to -1.21 ± 0.08 A/F. The membrane potential at which 50% of the channels are activated (V<sub>0.5</sub> ) shifted towards more negative potentials from -13.06 ± 1.52 mV to -19.26 ± 1.72 mV and did not alter the slope factor. Furthermore, quercetin increased [Ca<sup>2+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> transient by 28% when compared to control. Quercetin accelerated [Ca<sup>2+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> transient decay time, which could be attributed to SERCA activation. In resting cardiomyocytes, quercetin did not change amplitude or frequency of Ca<sup>2+</sup> sparks. In isolated heart, quercetin increased heart rate and decreased PRi, QTc and duration of the QRS complex. Thus, we showed that quercetin activates β-adrenoceptors, leading to increased L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current and cell-wide intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> transient without visible changes in Ca<sup>2+</sup> sparks.
Growth hormone and prostate cancer: guilty by association? (1999)

Recent case-control studies have found a 7-8% increase in the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in patients with prostate cancer (CaP), the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. We hereby review what is currently known about growth hormone (GH) and the IGF axis in CaP, take a closer inspection of the studies published to date reporting IGF-I levels in CaP patients, and derive implications for the future medical management of patients receiving trophic hormone therapies as well as those at risk for developing CaP. The role of GH in controlling prostate growth and carcinogenesis is still unclear from animal studies and human disease patterns. However, multilayered perturbations of the IGF axis, including the autocrine production of IGFs, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and IGFBP proteases, such as prostate-specific antigen, have been identified in CaP cells and tissues. Interestingly, IGFBP-3 is a potent inhibitor of prostatic IGF action and also mediates prostate apoptosis via an IGF-independent mechanism. Serum IGFBP-3 levels have been identified to be negatively correlated to the risk of CaP. Notably, GH therapy raises both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in serum. Conclusions based on the studies of IGF-I levels in CaP patients are affected by both the populations studied and the types of IGF-I assay employed. While the studies do indicate an association between serum IGF-I levels and CaP risk, causality has not been established. Thus, serum IGF-I level may actually be a confounding variable, serving as a marker for local prostatic IGF-I production. Increased GH levels as seen in acromegaly have been associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia but not with CaP. Thus, serum IGF-I may lead to an ascertainment bias among younger men with benign prostatic hyperplasia who are more likely to present with prostatic symptoms and have subclinical CaP diagnosed. Should serum IGF-I levels be proven to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of CaP, interpreting the risk associated with therapies such as GH must take into account both the duration of exposure and the risk magnitude associated with the degree of serum IGF-I elevation. Since GH-deficient patients often have a subnormal IGF-I serum level, which normalizes on therapy, their CaP risk on GH therapy probably does not increase substantially above that of the normal population. Until further research in the area dictates otherwise, ongoing surveillance and routine monitoring of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in GH recipients must become standard of care.
Influence of slaughter weight on growth and carcass characteristics, commercial cutting and curing yields, and meat quality of barrows and gilts from two genotypes. (1996)

Pigs representing two crossbred genotypes, a breeding company hybrid (BCH) and a three breed cross (Hampshire x [Yorkshire x Duroc]) (HYD) were evaluated at five slaughter weights (SLW): 100, 115, 130, 145, and 160 kg. A total of 160 pigs were grown in like-sex (barrows [B] or gilts [G]), like-genotype groups, with four pigs/group, from 60 kg live weight. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was available on an ad libitum basis (15.8% crude protein, 3,300 kcal/kg ME). One-half of the pigs from each group (80 pigs) were slaughtered for carcass and meat quality evaluation. Genotype BCH grew faster, had lower backfat depths in the loin and lumbar regions, and a smaller loin eye area than HYD, but both groups had a similar gain:feed ratio. Few consistent genotype differences in cutting and curing yields and meat quality were observed. Differences between sexes for growth and carcass traits were generally in agreement with previous research; however, the magnitude of the differences was small. There were few nonlinear regressions involving SLW and limited differences between genotypes or sexes in the slopes of the linear regressions. Increases in SLW were associated with increases in feed intake, backfat depth and loin' eye area, and minimal changes in growth rate or gain:feed. Percentage of loin increased and ham, shoulder, and spare rib percentages decreased with slaughter weight. The weight of trimmed, boneless cuts increased with slaughter weight, but percentage trimmed, boneless cuts was reduced. Curing yields for belly increased with slaughter weight. Changes in meat quality with increasing slaughter weight were relatively small. Longissimus lumborum fat content increased and moisture content decreased with slaughter weight. These results suggest that modern genotypes can be slaughtered at live weights up to 160 kg with limited impact on growth performance, commercial meat yields, or meat quality characteristics.
Cavities in proteins: structure of a metmyoglobin xenon complex solved to 1.9 .ANG. (1984)

X-ray crystallographic data to 1.9-A resolution were collected on sperm whale metmyoglobin equilibrated with 7 atm of xenon gas. The results indicate four xenon sites of occupancy from 0.45 to 1.0. These sites are located in interior spaces or packing defects of the myoglobin molecule. The effects of the bound xenon on the protein structure are minor, and we observe a small overall reduction in refined isotropic atomic protein temperature factors. We interpret the results as a confirmation that, on a time-averaged basis, cavities exist within the myoglobin molecule and suggest that the binding of small ligands in these cavities affects the internal motions and conformational substrates of the protein.
Polymer-Derived Ceramic Materials from Thiol-ene Photopolymerizations (2003)

A novel reaction scheme for rapidly fabricating polymer-derived ceramic structures with high aspect ratios and with controlled shape and structure is described. The reaction scheme is based largely upon a thiol-ene photopolymerization mechanism. Thiol-ene photopolymerizations offer unique advantages including high polymerization speed in the presence of little or no photoinitiator, the ability to delay gelation, and the ability to achieve high double bond conversions. The addition of thiols to polymerizable vinyl-containing ceramic precursors further enables the formation of thicker structures than traditionally achieved. Structures formed using this mechanism exhibit little warping, and upon pyrolysis the polymer structures are transformed into ceramic structures of a self-similar shape. In the pyrolysis step, structures formed using this novel mechanism exhibit shrinkage and mass loss values similar to those produced from typical ceramic precursors. Further, the photolithographic process described here is readily extendable to make complex three-dimensional ceramic microstructures and microdevices.
THE DECORTICATION OF FIBROUS PLANTS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BELGIAN FLAX INDUSTRY (1913)

(1913). THE DECORTICATION OF FIBROUS PLANTS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BELGIAN FLAX INDUSTRY. Journal of the Textile Institute Proceedings and Abstracts: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 231-265.
Cutting Edge: Altered Pulmonary Eosinophilic Inflammation in Mice Deficient for Clara Cell Secretory 10-kDa Protein (2001)

Clara cell secretory protein (CC10) is a steroid-inducible protein, and its in vivo function is currently unclear. The role of CC10 in modulation of pulmonary allergic inflammation was examined in mice deficient for the CC10 gene. Wild-type and homozygous CC10-deficient mice were sensitized with an Ag, OVA, and challenged with either OVA or saline. When compared with that seen in wild-type mice, a significantly higher level of pulmonary eosinophilia was found in Ag-sensitized and challenged CC10-deficient mice. Significantly increased levels of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 were also found in CC10-deficient mice. In addition, an increased level of eotaxin, but not RANTES, was also seen in CC10-deficient mice. No significant difference was observed in the level of a Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma, between different groups of mice. These results provided the first in vivo evidence that CC10 plays a role in the modulation of pulmonary allergic inflammation.
Real time measurement of VSWR with directional couplers (2005)

In this paper a method of measuring VSWR is introduced and discussed. In this method, first, the power of incident wave and reflected wave is measured separately with relevant directional coupler and detector. Then the magnitude of voltage reflection coefficient and VSWR are calculated by MCU. The theoretic analysis of this method and fixed error induced by nonideal directivity of the directional coupler are discussed in the paper. Additionally, the ways for diminishing the error are given out. Some experiment results are shown.
Fibroblast biology. Role of synovial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. (2000)

There is growing evidence that activated synovial fibroblasts, as part of a complex cellular network, play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the specific features of these fibroblasts. It has been understood that although macrophage and lymphocyte secreted factors contribute to their activation, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RA-SFs) do not merely respond to stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines, but show a complex pattern of molecular changes also maintained in the absence of external stimulation. This pattern of activation is characterized by alterations in the expression of regulatory genes and signaling cascades, as well as changes in pathways leading to apoptosis. These together result in the upregulation of adhesion molecules that mediate the attachment of RA-SFs to the extracellular matrix and in the overexpression of matrix degrading enzymes that mediate the progressive destruction of the joints. In addition, activated RA-SFs exert specific effects on other cell types such as macrophages and lymphocytes. While the initiating step in the activation of RA-SFs remains elusive, several key pathways of RA-SF activation have been identified. However, there is so far no single, specific marker for this phenotype of RA-SF. It appears that activated RA-SFs are characterized by a set of specific properties which together lead to their aggressive behavior.
Activin A Signaling Induces Smad2, but Not Smad3, Requiring Protein Kinase A Activity in Granulosa Cells from the Avian Ovary (2003)

Activin A signaling is an important regulator of ovarian granulosa cell function. The cytosolic signal transducer Smad2 is most highly expressed in chicken granulosa cells (cGC) of preovulatory follicles. Moreover, Smad2 shows predominant nuclear localization in freshly isolated cGC, indicating active Smad signaling in vivo. Primary cGC cultured in vitro require activin A to sustain high Smad2 levels, which otherwise drop dramatically in the absence of activin A. This activin A-dependent Smad2 expression is abrogated by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, suggesting a role for PKA in activin signaling. In the absence of activin A, strong PKA activators such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP fail to elicit Smad2 induction. However, FSH and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP boost activin A-dependent Smad2 up-regulation, giving rise to Smad2 levels similar to expression in vivo levels. Interestingly, the effect is specific for Smad2, since expression of the structurally and functionally closely related Smad3 remains entirely unaffected. Hence, activin A induces Smad2, but not Smad3, to high levels requiring PKA activation. Since Smad2 and Smad3 target distinct yet overlapping sets of TGF-beta/activin-responsive genes, the selective Smad2 induction by FSH/activin A could allow FSH to efficiently modulate the transcriptional readout of activin A signaling in avian granulosa cells.
Selective Reductions. IX. Reaction of Lithium Aluminum Hydride with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Reductions. IX. Reaction of Lithium Aluminum Hydride with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups1Herbert C. Brown, Paul M. Weissman, and Nung Min YoonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 7, 1458–1463Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00959a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00959a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1433Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption (1979)

All cryptosystems currently m use are symmetrm m the sense that they require the transmitter and receiver to share, m secret, either the same pmce of reformation (key) or one of a paLr of related keys easdy computed from each other, the key is used m the encryption process to introduce uncertainty to an unauthorized receiver. Not only is an asymmetric encryption system one in whmh the transmitter and receiver keys are different, but in addition it Is computatmnally mfeaslble to compute at least one from the other. Asymmetric systems make it possible to authent2cate messages whose contents must be revealed to an opponent or allow a transmitter whose key has been compromised to communmate m privacy to a receiver whose key has been kept secret--neither of which is possible using a symmetric cryptosystem.
A new, radial B-field magnetron for use in microwave ovens (1984)

A new microwave tube design, suitable for application in microwave ovens, is described. It is a development of the basic planar magnetron in which the cathode and anode are two annuli and the magnetic field is radial. Potential advantages over existing designs are: higher power density, higher efficiency, easier tuning, the probability of reduced harmonics, and lower manufacturing costs.
Chemical synthesis of blue-emitting metallic zinc nano-hexagons (2013)

We report a new ligand directed chemical synthesis of hexagonal shaped zinc nanoplates. The produced nano-hexagons (NHexs) display a thickness of about 20–40 nm and diameter ranging from about 200–350 nm, exhibiting a high aspect ratio. While zinc is traditionally highly susceptible to oxidation, these high surface area NHexs possess a remarkable resistance to atmospheric oxidation, owing to their unique surface crystalline faces and the fact that these particles are protected by organic surface ligands. The zinc NHexs size, morphology and chemical properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, among other techniques. Photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis revealed blue photoluminescence emission, making these NHexs potentially ideal for optics, optoelectronics or security printing.
Clover: A Distributed File System of Expandable Metadata Service Derived from HDFS (2012)

To store and manage data efficiently is the critical issue which modern information infrastructures confront with. To accommodate the massive scale of data in the Internet environment, most common solutions utilize distributed file systems. However there still exist disadvantages preventing these systems from delivering satisfying performance. In this paper, we present a Name Node cluster file system based on HDFS, which is named Clover. This file system exploits two critical features: an improved 2PC protocol which ensures consistent metadata update on multiple metadata servers and a shared storage pool which provides robust persistent metadata storage and supports the operation of distributed transactions. Clover is compared with HDFS and its key virtues are shown. Further experimental results show our system can achieve better metadata expandability ranging from 10% to 90% by quantized metrics when each extra server is added, while preserving similar I/O performance.
An Ordinal Functional Assessment Tool for Alzheimer's-Type Dementia (1985)

The FAST assessment instrument may assist clinicians in accomplishing the following sometimes difficult tasks in the assessment of the aged patient with cognitive impairment. • Rapid determination of whether the nature of the dementing process is consistent with uncomplicated senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, both in terms of its present manifestation as well as in terms of the evolution of the illness process. • Staging, in a relatively detailed fashion, of even the most severe patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. • Differentiation of the various complications of Alzheimer's disease from the natural progression of the illness. • Accomplishment of all of the preceding tasks easily enough that preliminary determinations about diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and complicating factors can be made on the basis of the information provided by family members.
Adaptive and integrated video communications for wireless ATM in WCDMA systems (2002)

Highly efficient and robust source coding, channel coding, packetization and RAKE receiver techniques are proposed for video streaming over wireless ATM in WCDMA systems. At the base station, video received from the wireline source is dynamically transformed to match both the hardware capabilities of mobile hosts and the time-varying wireless channel conditions. For the wireless transmitter and receiver, source coding, channel coding, packetization and RAKE receiver are jointly implemented as part of the application. For source coding, we proposed to use three-dimensional significance-linked connected component analysis video coding. For channel coding and packetization, we used turbo coding. Since wireless channel is time varying and there is deep fading, we adopted a pilot structure in each slot, and a RAKE receiver. The channel estimation adopted an adaptive Kalman filter channel to track the time-varying channel based on an AR model. Extensive performance evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed wireless video streaming technique.