gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different residues in the SARS-CoV spike protein determine cleavage and activation by the host cell protease TMPRSS2 (2017)

The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates viral entry into target cells. Cleavage and activation of SARS S by a host cell protease is essential for infectious viral entry and the responsible enzymes are potential targets for antiviral intervention. The type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 cleaves and activates SARS S in cell culture and potentially also in the infected host. Here, we investigated which determinants in SARS S control cleavage and activation by TMPRSS2. We found that SARS S residue R667, a previously identified trypsin cleavage site, is also required for S protein cleavage by TMPRSS2. The cleavage fragments produced by trypsin and TMPRSS2 differed in their decoration with N-glycans, suggesting that these proteases cleave different SARS S glycoforms. Although R667 was required for SARS S cleavage by TMPRSS2, this residue was dispensable for TMPRSS2-mediated S protein activation. Conversely, residue R797, previously reported to be required for SARS S activation by trypsin, was dispensable for S protein cleavage but required for S protein activation by TMPRSS2. Collectively, these results show that different residues in SARS S control cleavage and activation by TMPRSS2, suggesting that these processes are more complex than initially appreciated.
Synthesis of Chiral Spirocyclopentenyl‐β‐lactams through Phosphane‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Allenoates with 6‐Alkylidenepenicillanates (2013)

Abstract The first examples of phosphane‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of allenoates to 6‐alkylidenepenicillanates leading to chiral spirocyclopentenyl‐β‐lactams are reported. The synthesis of this new type of β‐lactams involved the generation of either two or three consecutive stereogenic centers, including a quaternary chiral center. Although the reported methodology is highly diastereoselective, the regioselectivity is dependent on the nature of the methylenepenicillanate derivative and on the nature of the allenoate γ‐substituent.
Filtering techniques in the dynamic deformation estimation using multiple strains measured by FBGs (2008)

This paper investigates the use of filtering techniques such as the Low-pass and Kalman filter in combination with the quasi-static strain-displacement transformation in order to estimate dynamic structural displacement based on noisy strain measurements. Numerical simulations and vibration experiments were performed on simple beam structures under various dynamic loading cases to determine the sensitivity of estimation procedures against model errors and noise disturbance. In the experimental setup the multiplexing ability of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors was used to obtain strain data with high accuracy and low noise level. Estimated displacements in the experiment were verified against laser displacement readings. Depending on the load case the noise-sensitive, quasi-static shape estimation results could be highly improved by applying recursive filtering methods which allow an application of the simple approach even for complex, vibrating structures.
A Hierarchical Lagrangean Relaxation Procedure for Solving Midterm Planning Problems (1999)

An efficient decomposition procedure for solving midterm planning problems is developed based on Lagrangean relaxation. The basic idea of the proposed solution technique is the successive partitioning of the original problem into smaller, more computationally tractable subproblems by hierarchical relaxation of key complicating constraints. The systematic identification of these complicating constraints is accomplished by utilizing linear programming relaxation dual-multiplier information. This hierarchical Lagrangean relaxation procedure, along with an upper bound generating heuristic, is incorporated within a subgradient optimization framework. This solution strategy is found to be much more effective, in terms of both quality of solution and computational requirements, than commercial mixed-integer linear programming solvers in bracketing the optimal value, especially for larger problems.
Evaluation of a selective prostaglandin E receptor EP1 antagonist for potential properties in colon carcinogenesis. (2002)

Our finding that ONO-8711 significantly suppresses colonic ACF formation and cell proliferation strengthens the hypothesis that the selective prostaglandin E receptor EP1 antagonists possesses chemopreventive activity against colon cancer development.
Analysis of a novel method for measuring residual stress in micro-systems (2005)

A novel method for measuring residual stress is proposed and analyzed in this study. The method is based on the electromechanical bifurcation response of a clamped–clamped beam. The stressed beam is subjected to a symmetric electrostatic field. The presented analysis shows that the critical voltage which induces the bifurcation response is a monotonic function of the residual stress. Furthermore, the electromechanical bifurcation occurs for both compressive and tensile residual stresses. Ensuring that the postbuckling response is non-stable facilitates the identification of the bifurcation response. To this end, geometrical conditions are derived which ensure that the postbuckling state of the system is non-stable. It is shown that a single test structure can be used to measure residual stress in a continuous wide range.
Indoor Scene Layout Estimation from a Single Image (2018)

With the popularity of the hand devices and intelligent agents, many aimed to explore machine's potential in interacting with reality. Scene understanding, among the many facets of reality interaction, has gained much attention for its relevance in applications such as augmented reality (AR). Scene understanding can be partitioned into several sub tasks (i.e., layout estimation, scene classification, saliency prediction, etc). In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach for estimating the layout of a given indoor image in real-time. Our method consists of a deep fully convolutional network, a novel layout-degeneration augmentation method, and a new training pipeline which integrate an adaptive edge penalty and smoothness terms into the training process. Unlike previous deep learning-based methods that depend on post-processing refinement (e.g., proposal ranking and optimization), our method motivates the generalization ability of the network and the smoothness of estimated layout edges without deploying postprocessing techniques. Moreover, the proposed approach is time-efficient since it only takes the model one forward pass to render accurate layouts. We evaluate our method on LSUN Room Layout and Hedau dataset and obtain estimation results comparable with the state-of-the-art methods.
Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery Utilizing Electric Turbocompound Technology (2005)

Caterpillar's Technology & Solutions Division conceived, designed, built and tested an electric turbocompound system for an on-highway heavy-duty truck engine. The heart of the system is a unique turbochargerr with an electric motor/generator mounted on the shaft between turbine and compressor wheels. When the power produced by the turbocharger turbine exceeds the power of the compressor, the excess power is converted to electrical power by the generator on the turbo shaft; that power is then used to help turn the crankshaft via an electric motor mounted in the engine flywheel housing. The net result is an improvement in engine fuel economy. The electric turbocompound system provides added control flexibility because it is capable of varying the amount of power extracted from the exhaust gases, thus allowing for control of engine boost. The system configuration and design, turbocharger features, control system development, and test results are presented.
Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Topical 5% Acyclovir-1% Hydrocortisone Cream (ME-609) for Treatment of UV Radiation-Induced Herpes Labialis (2002)

Immunopathology is recognized as an important component of infectious disease manifestations, and corticosteroids have been used as an adjunct to antimicrobial therapy for a variety of conditions. Antiviral therapy of herpes labialis has been shown to result in only a small reduction in the time to healing and the duration of pain. To determine if topical application of a combination product containing 5% acyclovir and 1% hydrocortisone (ME-609) could provide benefit to herpes labialis patients, 380 immunocompetent adults with a history of herpes labialis were exposed to experimental UV radiation (UVR) to induce a recurrence. On day 2, just before the appearance of the majority of lesions ("delayed" lesions), subjects were randomized to receive active medication or vehicle control six times per day for 5 days. Overall, 120 of 380 patients developed delayed classical lesions, of whom 50 of 190 (26%) had been treated with ME-609 and 70 of 190 (37%) had received placebo (a reduction of 29% [P = 0.02]). Healing time, measured as the time to normal skin, was reduced by treatment with ME-609 (9.0 days for treated patients versus 10.1 days for the controls [P = 0.04]). There was a trend toward a reduction in the maximum lesion size in the ME-609 recipients compared to that in the controls (43 versus 60 mm(2), respectively [P = 0.07]). The treatment had no effect on lesion pain, but ME-609 treatment reduced the number of patients with moderate or severe tenderness. Compared to treatment with a placebo, treatment with the combination antiviral-immunomodulatory cream provided benefit to patients with experimental UVR-induced herpes labialis, reducing classical lesion incidence, healing time, lesion size, and lesion tenderness. ME-609 is a novel product that merits further evaluation as a treatment for cold sores.
A Short Course on Banach Space Theory (2004)

This is a short course on Banach space theory with special emphasis on certain aspects of the classical theory. In particular, the course focuses on three major topics: the elementary theory of Schauder bases, an introduction to Lp spaces, and an introduction to C(K) spaces. While these topics can be traced back to Banach himself, our primary interest is in the postwar renaissance of Banach space theory brought about by James, Lindenstrauss, Mazur, Namioka, Pelczynski, and others. Their elegant and insightful results are useful in many contemporary research endeavors and deserve greater publicity. By way of prerequisites, the reader will need an elementary understanding of functional analysis and at least a passing familiarity with abstract measure theory. An introductory course in topology would also be helpful; however, the text includes a brief appendix on the topology needed for the course.
Some Topics For Guild Discussions (1936)

control, in the face of an alarming decrease in the birth r a t e, or prohi-bition enforced on an unwilling citizenry, which ultimately unshackled itself through its rights of franchise, or human sterilization which, to a t least a numerically respectable minority of the population, r epre-sent s itself as a program based on a t heory scientifically unproven and eugenically unsound.
Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with Nonconjugated Cyclometalated Ligands (2008)

A series of blue phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes 1-4 with nonconjugated N-benzylpyrazole ligands were synthesized and their structural, electrochemical, and photophysical properties were investigated. Complexes 1-4 exhibit phosphorescence with yields of 5-45 % in degassed CH2Cl2. Of the compounds, 1 showed emission that was nearly true blue at 460 nm with a lack of vibronic progression. These photophysical data clearly demonstrate that the methylene spacer of the cyclometalated N-benzylpyrazole chelate effectively interrupts the pi conjugation upon reacting with a third L X chelating chromophore. This gives a feasible synthesis for the blue phosphorescent complexes with a sufficiently large energy gap. In another approach, these complexes were investigated for their suitability for the host material in phosphorescent OLEDs. The device was synthesized by using 1 as the host for the green-emitting [Ir(ppy)3] dopant, which exhibits an external quantum conversion efficiency (EQE) of up to 11.4 % photons per electron (and 36.6 cdA(-1)), with 1931 Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.30, 0.59), a peak power efficiency of 21.7 lmW(-1), and a maximum brightness of 32000 cdm(-2) at 14.5 V. At the practical brightness of 100 cdm(-2), the efficiency remains above 11 % and 18 lmW(-1), demonstrating its great potential as the host material for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
Requirements and Functional Architecture for an IP Host Alerting Protocol (2001)

This document develops an architecture and a set of requirements needed to support alerting of hosts that are in dormant mode. The architecture and requirements are designed to guide development of an IP protocol for alerting dormant IP mobile hosts, commonly called paging.
Application of Partially Fluorinated Ether for Improving Performance of Lithium/Sulfur Batteries (2015)

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Ether (TFTFE) as electrolyte co-solvent was applied in lithium/sulfur (Li/S) battery for the first time. The ether with partially fluorinated structure reduces the conductivity of the electrolyte but increases distinctly the reversible capacity and coulombic efficiency of the cell, meanwhile decreases the self-discharging loss at the rest period of the cell. The limited dissolution of polysulfides into electrolyte due to the presence of TFTFE is an important factor for the improvement of overall cell performance. Moreover, TFTFE is found to modify the surface film on Li anode greatly, blocking the access of polysulfides to metallic Li and side-reactions between them. TFTFE acts as both polysulfides-restraining solvent and film-forming agent in a Li/S cell system, reflecting the particular functions of the fluorinated ether.
Joint modulation classification and multi-user detection using multi-modulation sphere decoding (2009)

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective modulation classification method for ML-based multi-user detection. We show that the proposed method, which is a simplification of Bayesian likelihood ratio test, can be implemented by modifying the sphere decoding algorithm. As a result, the modulation classification as well as the multi-user detection can be jointly achieved with minimal classification overhead. Simulation results in multi-user detection of high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) system show that the proposed method offers considerable performance gain over conventional RAKE and MMSE algorithms.
Design and Development of an In-Space Deployable Sun Shield for Atlas Centaur (2008)

The Centaur, by virtue of its use of high specific-impulse (Isp) LO2/LH2 propellants, has initial mass-to-orbit launch requirements less than half of those upper stages using storable propellants. That is, for Earth escape or GSO missions the Centaur is half the launch weight of a storable propellant upper stage. A drawback to the use of Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, at 90 K and 20 K respectively, over storable propellants is the necessity of efficient cryogen storage techniques that minimize boil-off from thermal radiation in space. Thermal blankets have been used successfully to shield both the Atlas Centaur and Titan Centaur. These blankets are protected from atmospheric air loads during launch by virtue of the fact that the Centaur is enclosed within the payload fairing. The smaller Atlas V vehicle, the Atlas 400, has the Centaur exposed to the atmosphere during launch, and therefore, to date has not flown with thermal blankets shielding the Centaur. A design and development effort is underway to fly a thermal shield on the Atlas V 400 vehicle that is not put in place until after the payload fairing jettisons. This can be accomplished by the use of an inflatable and deployable thermal blanket referred to as the Centaur Sun Shield (CSS). The CSS design is also scalable for use on a Delta upper stage, and the technology potentially could be used for telescope shades, re-entry shields, solar sails and propellant depots. A Phase I effort took place during 2007 in a partnership between ULA and ILC Dover which resulted in a deployable proof-of-concept Sun Shield being demonstrated at a test facility in Denver. A Phase H effort is underway during 2008 with a partnership between ULA, ILC, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) and NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to define requirements, determine materials and fabrication techniques, and to test components in a vacuum chamber at cold temperatures. This paper describes the Sun Shield development work to date, and the future plans leading up to a flight test in the 2011 time frame.
Serum Iron Level as a Potential Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Mortality: A Retrospective Study (2020)

Serum iron deficiency was detected in the patients with COVID-19. The severity and mortality of the disease was closely correlated with serum iron levels. Low serum iron concentration was an independent risk factor for death in COVID-19 patients.
An altered platelet granule glycoprotein in patients with essential thrombocythemia. (1984)

The protein profiles of washed platelets from nine patients with essential thrombocythemia were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In four patients, an additional protein band (reduced Mr of 170,000) was clearly identified in both unstimulated platelet preparations and thrombin-released supernatant fractions. This band was also evident, though to a lesser extent, in three more patients, but it could not be located in the two remaining patients nor in any of ten controls. Subsequent characterization of the 170,000 reduced protein in one patient indicated that (a) it was glycosylated, as judged by periodic acid-Schiff staining, and (b) that native protein was a disulfide-linked multimer (possibly trimeric), which (c) partially bound to the activated platelet plasma membrane in the presence of calcium, and (d) was immune precipitated by anti-glycoprotein G antisera. The combined evidence is consistent with the 170,000 reduced protein being a modified form of the normal subunit of the platelet alpha-granule constituent, glycoprotein G (also termed thrombospondin and thrombin-sensitive protein).
Propagation correlations at 900 MHz (1978)

The correlation in mean received power from four non-cosited 900 MHz sources is studied as a function of angle of arrival difference (AAD) at the mobile. Two tests are examined, one in the Washington-Baltimore area, and the other in the Chicago-Schaumburg area. Three hundred meter power averages were taken in Washington while 20 meter averages were obtained in Chicago. Weighted correlation coefficients averaging in the order of 0.7 were obtained at small AAD's. Serial correlations are also examined. A table lookup model of correlation coefficient versus AAD was obtained from the measurements. This was applied to the cellular system simulation to show differences in estimated performance with and without AAD correlation taken into account. The example given was assumed to be in an urban propagation enviroment with a 19-mile separation between co-channel users. Differences in 〈C〉/〈I〉 of 2.7 dB with omni antennas and 4.7 dB with 60-degree sector antennas are obtained at the level achievable at 90% of the locations.
Pleural Effusions: The Diagnostic Separation of Transudates and Exudates (1972)

In this prospective study of 150 pleural effusions, the utility of pleural-fluid cell counts, protein levels, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels for the separation of transudates from exudates was evaluated. According to preset diagnostic criteria, 47 of the effusions were classified as transudates and 103 as exudates. Three characteristics were found, each of which was associated with over 70% of the exudates and, at most, one of the transudates: [1] a pleural fluid-to-serum protein ratio greater than 0.5; [2] a pleural fluid LDH greater than 200 IU; and [3] a pleural fluid-to-serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6. Moreover, all but one exudate had at least one of these three characteristics, whereas only one transudate had any of the three. The simultaneous use of both the pleural-fluid protein and LDH levels better differentiates transudates from exudates than does the use of either of these values individually.
Transformation-dependent modifications in released and cell-bound surface proteins detected by antisera to shed antigens. (1976)

Antiserum against antigens released into the medium by rat cell cultures that express the transformation phenotype has been shown to produce a complement-mediated lysis, not only in the cells that liberate such antigens but to a greater extent in cells that are phenotypically restricted in the expression of transformation properties. Reaction of the antibody with preiodinated surface proteins released into the medium reveals that the expression of transformation leads to a greater degradation of the external proteins shed into the medium.
<i>β</i>-Catenin Signalling in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Glioma-Initiating Cells (2012)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a commonly occurring brain tumor with a poor prognosis. GBM can develop both "de novo" or evolve from a previous astrocytoma and is characterized by high proliferation and infiltration into the surrounding tissue. Following treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), tumors often reappear. Glioma-initiating cells (GICs) have been identified in GBM and are thought to be responsible for tumors initiation, their continued growth, and recurrence. β-catenin, a component of the cell-cell adhesion complex and of the canonical Wnt pathway, regulates proliferation, adhesion, and migration in different cell types. β-catenin and components of the Wnt canonical pathway are commonly overexpressed in GBM. Here, we review previous work on the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in glioma initiation, proliferation, and invasion. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GIC biology and glioma progression may help in identifying novel therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.
A sound localization system based on biological analogy (2002)

A low-power analog VLSI system that implements a model of sound localization in the horizontal plane is designed, fabricated, and tested. The model uses the time difference between a sound arriving at each ear to determine the location of the sound source. The system consists of two chips in a standard 2 mu m, p-well CMOS process. One chip contains circuitry to model left and right side cochleas, hair cells, and auditory neurons, while the other chip contains circuitry to model the binaural cross-correlation activity of neurons in the superior olive of the brain stem. Measured test results reveal challenges that must be overcome in order to obtain reliable products.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of gold sphere to cuboid nanoarrays using PDMS templates (2011)

A novel polymer based templated approach to creating highly ordered gold arrays with either positive or negative nano-scale features of controlled shape from truncated spheres to cuboids is presented.