gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitral annular function assessed by 3D imaging for mitral valve surgery. (1994)

We developed a surgical technique for mitral valve reconstruction without a prosthetic ring. This procedure may have two advantages. One is avoidance of the potential thrombogenicity of the prosthetic ring, and the other is that this procedure may maintain the normal function of mitral annulus. To clarify the latter advantage, we defined a method for 3D assessment of the heart, especially for the dynamic changes of the mitral annulus. 3D images of the heart, including both mitral and tricuspid annuli in eight phases during the cardiac cycle, were reconstructed from magnetic resonance images of seven normal subjects, and used for this study. To depict the changes in the annular shape, we determined the following parameters of the annular function: (a) annular excursion, (b) direction of motion (direction cosine) and (c) orientation of the annulus (direction cosine) for the annular motion, (d) annular area and (e) displacement of the anterior portion from the approximated plane of the annulus. The data for the systolic annular motion indicate that the mitral annulus moves towards the apex with slight caudal deviation, with the excursion of 12.1 mm. The change in annular orientation indicates that the mitral annulus shows translational motion during systole. The mitral area was reduced by 25.6% (n = 5) from mid-diastole to mid-or late systole. Displacement at the anterior portion of the annulus did not change markedly during systole. The results demonstrate the physiologic function of the mitral annulus in normal subjects. This method will be applied to the clinical study of mitral valve reconstruction surgery. Based on the differences in annular length in intact and excised states, we describe the intact state of the posterior leaflet as "natural redundancy." Restoration of this natural redundancy has been a hallmark of successful mitral repair for over 20 years.
Molecular cloning, genomic organization and cell‐binding characteristicsof mouse Spα (2000)

Several group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) proteins have been shown to function as modulators in the immune response. Recently, we reported the cloning of a new member of this family, human Spalpha (hSpalpha). Herein we report the cloning and characterization of the mouse homologue of hSpalpha. Like its human counterpart, mouse Spalpha (mSpalpha), is a secreted protein containing three SRCR domains. Most lymphoid tissues express RNA transcripts encoding mSpalpha. Characterization of a genomic clone encoding the mature mSpalpha protein showed that each of the SRCR domains of mSpalpha is encoded by a single exon. Comparison of the sequence of mSPalpha with those of other published proteins indicates that it is the same as the recently reported protein named AIM (apoptosis inhibitor expressed by macrophages). Cell-binding studies with a mSpalpha immunoglobulin (mSpalpha-Rgamma) fusion protein indicated that mSpalpha is capable of binding to spleen-derived CD19+ B cells and minimally to peritoneal cavity-derived CD19+ B cells but not to peripheral blood-derived B cells. Spleen-derived CD3+ T cells also bound mSpalpha-Rgamma; however, no binding was observed to either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or peritoneal cavity-derived CD3+ T cells. The mSpalpha-Rgamma fusion protein was also shown to bind to the mouse cell lines WEHI3 (monocytic) and EL-4 (thymoma, T cell). The cloning of cDNA and genomic clones encoding mSpalpha and the identification of cells expressing a putative mSpalpha receptor(s) should facilitate in vivo studies designed to investigate the function of Spalpha in the immune compartment.
Microcompartmentation in Artificial Cells: pH-Induced Conformational Changes Alter Protein Localization (2009)

We report artificial cells in which protein localization in a primitive synthetic model for the cytoplasm is controlled by pH. Our model cells are giant lipid vesicles (GVs, ca. 5-30 microm diameter) with two coexisting aqueous compartments generated by phase separation of an encapsulated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran solution. Proteins are localized to a microcompartment by partitioning between the phases. We quantified the local concentration of fluorescently labeled human serum albumin (HSA) via confocal fluorescence microscopy. At pH 6.5, the labeled HSA was more concentrated in the dextran-rich phase, but at partially/fully denaturing pH (4.1 or 12) it was localized in the PEG-rich phase. This partitioning behavior is consistent with a more expanded, hydrophobic conformation at low and high pH. Labeled HSA could be relocalized from the PEG-rich into the dextran-rich phase domain by increasing the pH from 4.1 to 6.5 to renature the protein. This approach to controlling protein localization does not require extensive reorganization of the vesicle interior; coexisting PEG-rich and dextran-rich compartments are maintained throughout the experiments. It is also quite general; we demonstrated that several other proteins varying in size and isoelectric point also relocalized within compartmentalized artificial cells in response to external pH change. This work presents stimulus-responsive protein relocalization between compartments in an artificial cell; such experimental models can provide a framework for investigating the consequences of protein localization in cell biology.
Organometallic reaction mechanisms. 17. Nature of alkyl transfer in reactions of Grignard reagents with ketones. Evidence for radical intermediates in the formation of 1,2-addition product involving tertiary and primary Grignard reagents (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic reaction mechanisms. 17. Nature of alkyl transfer in reactions of Grignard reagents with ketones. Evidence for radical intermediates in the formation of 1,2-addition product involving tertiary and primary Grignard reagentsE. C. Ashby and Joseph R. Bowers Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 9, 2242–2250Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00399a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00399a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1041Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Experimental researches in electricity. Atmospheric magnetism, continued. Twenty-seventh series (1851)

Abstract In order to obtain an experimental representative of the action of the atmosphere when heated above or cooled below the average temperature, the author employed a ring helix of covered copper wire, through which an electric current was passed. The helix was about one inch and a half in diameter, and having the well-known system of magnetic forces, was placed with its magnetic axis parallel to a free needle: when its position was such that a needle within the ring would point with the north end downward, then the effect in deflecting the surrounding lines of force of the earth was considered as like that of a relatively paramagnetic mass of air: and when its position was reversed, its action was representative of that of a heated or relatively diamagnetic mass of air. Bringing this helix into the vicinity of small magnetic needles, suspended either freely, or so as to show declination or inclination, the planes of action or indifference as regards the power of deflecting the lines of force and the needle were observed. When the needle can move only in one plane, there are four quadrants, formed (in the case of the declination needle) by the intersection of the planes of the magnetic equator and meridian. When in these planes there is no deflection at the needle, but when in the quadrants there is, and in opposite directions in the neighbouring quadrants. As the lines of force are held in and by the earth, so these experiments were repeated with a needle in near vicinity to a magnet, and the difference of effect is pointed out: then the extent to which these results are applicable to those of the earth is considered, and their utility in guiding the inquirer.
Children with fever without apparent source: diagnosis and dilemmas (2002)

textabstractTills thesis describes the results of diagnostic research in young children presenting\nwith fever without apparent source at the emergency department. The study was\nconducted at the Sophia Children's University Hospital in Rotterdam and the Juliana\nChildren's Hospital in The Hague, both large inner-city paediatric teaching hospitals in\nthe Netherlands.\nThe specific aims of the studies are:\n1. To describe trends in the management of children visiting the emergency\ndepartment with fever without apparent source.\n2. To develop a diagnostic prediction rule for referred patients presenting with\nfever without apparent source, including readily obtainable parameters from the\npatient's history, physical examination and laboratory tests in order to distinguish\nthe patients with a serious bacterial infection from those without a serious\nbacterial infection.\n3. To externally validate this developed diagnostic prediction rule for referred\npatients.\n4. To obtain a diagnostic prediction rule for self-referred patients presenting with\nfever without apparent source, including the determination of the generalisability\nof the previously developed prediction rule for referred patients.\n5. To deal with pitfalls with regard to diagnostic research on routine care data.\n6. To compare results of internal and external validation of the developed\ndiagnostic prediction rule for referred patients.\n7. To develop a computer-based patient record for structured data entry for\npaediatric practice, in particular for recording data from the patient's history and\nphysical exarnination.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of VCP, the mammalian homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC48 protein, is unusually sensitive to stimulation by sodium vanadate and hydrogen peroxide. (1994)

A mAb produced by immunization of mice with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from activated B lymphocytes was found to recognize valosin-containing protein (VCP). VCP is the mammalian homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC48 protein and has localized regions of sequence identity with the yeast Sec18 and Pas1 proteins and the mammalian NSF protein, all of which are important in intracellular vesicular traffic or formation. VCP was found to be constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of VCP on tyrosine was stimulated only modestly during activation of B lymphocytes by ligation of membrane Ig. In contrast, treatment of B cells with either H2O2 or a combination of H2O2 and Na3VO4 greatly increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VCP. These results may suggest that under normal conditions tyrosine phosphorylation of VCP has a rapid turnover and that it can be detected easily only when dephosphorylation is inhibited by artificial means.
N-doped microporous carbons derived from direct carbonization of K<sup>+</sup> exchanged <i>meta</i>-aminophenol–formaldehyde resin for superior CO<sub>2</sub> sorption (2015)

N-doped microporous carbons with uniform ultramicropores (∼0.50 nm) are facilely prepared by direct carbonization of K(+) exchanged meta-aminophenol-formaldehyde resin. These materials give an unprecedented CO2 uptake of 1.67 mmol g(-1) at 25 °C and 0.15 bar and superior CO2-over-N2 selectivity (50 : 1).
The Book of the Dead Man (Fungi) (2008)

6 The Book of the Dead Man (Fungi) Marvin Bell Live as if you were already dead. —Zen admonition 1. About the Dead Man and Fungi The dead man has changed his mind about moss and mold. About mildew and yeast. About rust and smut, about soot and ash. Whereasonceheturnedfromthesourandthedecomposed,nowhebreathes deeply in the underbelly of the earth. Of mushrooms, bakers’ yeast, fungi of wood decay, and the dogs preceding their masters to the burnt acre of morels. And the little seasonals themselves, stuck on their wobbly pin stems. For in the pan they float without crisping. For they are not without a hint of the sublime, nor the curl of a hand. These are the caps and hairdos, the mini-umbrellas, the zeppelins of a world in which human beings are heavy-footed mammoths. Puffballs and saucers, recurrent, recumbent, they fill the encyclopedia. Not wrought for the pressed eternity of flowers or butterflies. Loners and armies alike appearing overnight at the point of return. They live fast, they die young, they will be back. 2. More About the Dead Man and Fungi Fruit of the fungi, a mushroom’s birthing is an arrow from below. It is because of Zeno’s Paradox that one cannot get there by half-measures. It is the fault of having anything else to do. The dead man prefers the mushroom of the gatherer to that of the farmer. Gilled or ungilled, stemmed or stemless, woody or leathery, the mushroom is secretive, yes, by nature. Each mushroom was a button, each a flowering, some glow in the dark. Medicinal or toxic, each was lopped from the stump of eternity. 7 The dead man has seen them take the shapes of cups and saucers, of sponges, logs, and bird nests. The dead man probes the shadows, he fingers the crannies and undersides, he spots the mushroom underfoot just in time. When the dead man saw a mushrooming cloud above Hiroshima, he knew. He saw that death was beautiful from afar. He saw that nature is equidistant from the nourishing and the poisonous, the good and the bad, the beginning and the end. He knew the littlest mushroom, shivering on its first day, was a signal. Marvin Bell ...
Information Visualisation Utilising 3D Computer Game Engines Case Study: A source code comprehension tool (2005)

Information visualisation applications have been facing ever-increasing demands as the amount of available information has increased exponentially. With this, the number and complexity of visualisation tools for analysing and exploring data has also increased dramatically, making development and evolution of these systems difficult. We describe an investigation into reusing technology developed for computer games to create collaborative information visualisation tools. A framework for using game engines for information visualisation is presented together with an analysis of how the capabilities and constraints of a game engine influence the mapping of data into graphical representations and the interaction with it. Based on this research a source code comprehension tool was implemented using the Quake 3 computer game engine. It was found that game engines can be a good basis for an information visualisation tool, provided that the visualisations and interactions required meet certain criteria, mainly that the visualisation can be represented in terms of a limited number of discrete, interactive, and physical entities placed in a static 3-dimensional world of limited size.
Synthetic macromolecule-modified enzymes. (1988)

解説蛋白質分子表面に合成高分子を化学的に結合させることによって, 蛋白質自身の有する欠点を補う, あるいは新しい機能を発現させることが可能である。その際重要なことは繊細な蛋白質の有する機能を損なうことなく修飾する必要がある。本稿では, ポリエチレングリコールを酵素表面に結合させたハイブリッド物質が有機溶媒に溶解し, 酵素活性を発現することについて述べる。加水分解酵素であるリパーゼ, キモトリプシンは有機溶媒中で加水分解反応の逆反応, エステル合成, エステル交換, 酸-アミド結合形成, が可能である。ヘム酵素も有機溶媒に可溶化できる。さらに合成高分子-蛋白質ハイブリッドにマグネタイトを結合させることが可能であり, 有機溶媒中に分散し, 磁場を加えることによって容易に回収できる。磁性体-合成高分子-蛋白質ハイブリッドは多機能生体材料といえる。
Programming with variable functions (1998)

What is a good method to specify and derive imperative programs? This paper argues that a new form of functional programming fits the bill: where variable functions can be updated at specified points in their domain.Traditional algebraic specification and functional programming are a powerful pair of tools for specifying and implementing domains of discourse and operations on them. Recent work on evolving algebras has introduced the function update in algebraic specifications, and has applied it with good success in the modelling of reactive systems. We show that similar concepts allow one to derive efficient programs in a systematic way from functional specifications. The final outcome of such a derivation can be made as efficient as a traditional imperative program with pointers, but can still be reasoned about at a high level.Variable functions can also play an important role in the structuring of large systems. They can subsume object-oriented programming languages, without incurring the latter's problems with pointer aliasing and modularity.
[Transfection of exogenous gene: Lac Z into spinal cord of SD rats and its protein expression:an in vivo study]. (2012)

Effective transfection of exogenous gene in vivo into spinal cord is a new hot spot for treatment of SCI. Thus certain nerve growth factor imput partly area of spinal cord injury can promote central nerve regrowth and avoid early secondary injury.
Neuropsychological Patterns and Language Deficits in 20 Consecutive Cases of Autopsy-Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease (1993)

A retrospective chart review of clinical symptoms was done for 20 consecutive patients in whom postmortem examination had revealed senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a distribution consistent with Alzheimer's disease. All patients had met clinical diagnostic criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease. On initial examination, 1 to 14 years beyond putative onset of the dementia, all patients displayed at least some memory impairment. In 16 patients, disturbances of attention or recent memory were among the most salient features. In two patients, language disturbances, and in two others, visuospatial deficits, were more prominent than difficulties with memory and attention. On initial examination, 17 of the 20 patients displayed word-finding difficulties, characteristically in the context of a fluent, anomic aphasia. All of the 12 reexamined patients demonstrated progressive, although variable, deterioration. In general, the initial salient deficit remained salient during much of the disease course. Language comprehension was spared in the earlier stages but eventually deteriorated. Severe deficits emerged in all major cognitive domains as the disease reached the terminal stages. Nonfluent aphasias (eg, Broca's aphasia) were not observed even in the advanced stages of the disease.
A 4-bit Programmable Metamaterial Based on VO<sub>2</sub> Mediums (2018)

A 4-bits programmable metamaterial with metasurface, vanadium oxide (VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) medium, and metal substrate is designed, simulated, and analyzed in this paper. The encoding operation is executed by the thermally triggered insulator-metal phase transition (IMPT) of VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , conductivity of which is changed as a function of temperature. The resonance is reconfigured and addressed by heating the coded resonator. The proposed meta material provides not only resonance tenability but also polarization insensitivity. The simulation results show that different codes generate different resonance. The tuning frequency range, and modulated absorptivity amplitude is 68.05 GHz, 73.94% respectively. The presented programmable metamaterial provides inspirations for the design of tunable and digital meta materials because of its flexible design, size adaptation, and high adjustment capacity.
<i>Chlamydia Pneumoniae</i> , Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus in Atherosclerosis of the Carotid Artery (1997)

C. pneumoniae and CMV are commonly detected in atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries, but their presence cannot be predicted by measuring serum antibodies. The presence of these microorganisms may predispose to a greater risk of thrombosis in the plaques, but further studies are needed to confirm this observation.
Minimizing threading dislocations by redirection during cantilever epitaxial growth of GaN (2002)

A 40-fold reduction in density of vertical threading dislocations (VTDs) at the surface of GaN is obtained with cantilever epitaxy by using narrow (&lt;1 μm) mesas etched into a sapphire substrate and conditions producing angled {11-22} facets to initiate growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. These two techniques redirect VTDs over the mesas to the horizontal and away from device areas above. Further reductions appear possible if the facets uniformly cover all mesas prior to cantilever growth.
REVIEW: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (1997)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a reasonably well-defined clinicopathological entity; it has been reported more commonly in women than in men or children of both sexes and it appears to be most closely associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus and related abnormalities, such as hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. However, the association with female gender, obesity and diabetes may not be as close as suggested by the literature and an underlying condition cannot be discerned in all cases. The natural history of the disease is poorly understood; the associated biopsy features span a wide spectrum, reaching from uncomplicated, clinically non-progressive fatty liver (not NASH in a strict sense) to a slowly progressive fatty liver with inflammation and fibrosis, to steatohepatitis with submassive hepatic necrosis, which has a subfulminant course and is often fatal. Non-progressive fatty liver appears to be very common but is of little clinical importance. The slowly progressive form of the disease represents NASH as encountered by most clinicians and pathologists. It is a common liver disease in current practice; patients may present with cirrhosis and even HCC arising from steatohepatitic cirrhosis. Subfulminant NASH has become exceedingly rare because many clinicians are now aware of the hazards of sudden weight loss, particularly in morbidly obese patients. Treatment options for NASH are still limited. The promotion of gradual weight loss in obese patients is the most widely recommended therapy but, unfortunately, this is very difficult to achieve. Avoidance of precipitous weight loss and careful control of diabetes mellitus are important and undisputed parts of patient management. Administration of UDCA as a treatment of NASH is still under study; it may be effective in some patients. The treatment of established steatohepatitic cirrhosis does not differ substantially from that of other types of cirrhosis and includes orthotopic liver transplantation.