gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of an active stabilization system for a holographic setup (1988)

An active stabilization system for à holographic setup based on detection of phase shift between the interference pattern and a reference hologram is described. Its basic feature is the possibility of operating for 0, π, or ±π/2 at will, always in a null-detection mode. The reference hologram may be a previously recorded permanent hologram or a real-time (even reversible) one. The use of the open loop response of the stabilization system is developed for analyzing its performance, which allows closer insight into parameters limiting its behavior. The effects of different noise sources are analyzed in detail. The real-time effect in a positive resist is successfully employed for operating the stabilization setup for recording an improved grating in this material.
ON THE REACTIONS OF THE FORMAMIDINES. III. ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ISOXAZOLONE, ISOXAZOLE, CYANOACETIC AND BENZOYLACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1913)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTON THE REACTIONS OF THE FORMAMIDINES. III. ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ISOXAZOLONE, ISOXAZOLE, CYANOACETIC AND BENZOYLACETIC ACID DERIVATIVESF. B. Dains and E. L. GriffinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1913, 35, 8, 959–970Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1913Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1913https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02197a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02197a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid Improvement of a Reductive Sulfonylation Using Design of Experiment Methods (2003)

Sulfone 2 was initially prepared using a zinc-mediated one-pot coupling procedure. A traditional sodium sulfite-mediated two-pot procedure was found to eliminate a major impurity, yet modest yields prevailed. Design of experiment methods with the aid of a basic parallel synthesizer rapidly led to a high-yielding one-pot process.
Adapting to the Dual Hazardous Area Classification System (1998)

Twenty-five years after it was first proposed and after five years of heated debate, the 1996 National Electrical Code (NEC) includes a new way to classify hazardous areas contained in Article 505 "Class I Zones 0, 1, & 2 Locations". This article provides an alternative path to classify hazardous areas as Zones 0, 1 and 2 instead of the traditional Division 1 and 2.
On rater reliability and agreement based dynamic active learning (2015)

In this paper, we propose two novel Dynamic Active Learning (DAL) methods with the aim of ultimately reducing the costly human labelling work for subjective tasks such as speech emotion recognition. Compared to conventional Active Learning (AL) algorithms, the proposed DAL approaches employ a highly efficient adaptive query strategy that minimises the number of annotations through three advancements. First, we shift from the standard majority voting procedure, in which unlabelled instances are annotated by a fixed number of raters, to an agreement-based annotation technique that dynamically determines how many human annotators are required to label a selected instance. Second, we introduce the concept of the order-based DAL algorithm by considering rater reliability and inter-rater agreement. Third, a highly dynamic development trend is successfully implemented by upgrading the agreement levels depending on the prediction uncertainty. In extensive experiments on standardised test-beds, we show that the new dynamic methods significantly improve the efficiency of the existing AL algorithms by reducing human labelling effort up to 85.41%, while achieving the same classification accuracy. Thus, the enhanced DAL derivations opens up high-potential research directions for the utmost exploitation of unlabelled data.
A modified RNS-to-binary converter scheme for {2<sup>2n+1</sup>− 1, 2<sup>2n+1</sup>, 2<sup>2n</sup>− 1} moduli set (2016)

In this paper, we propose an area efficient adder based reverse converter for a recently proposed new moduli set {2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2n+1</sup> - 1, 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2n+1</sup> , 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2n</sup> - 1}. First, we simplify the New Chinese Remainder Theorem (New CRT I) to obtain a reverse converter. Second, we further reduce the resulting architecture to obtain a memoryless reverse converter that uses three 2n bits CSAs (CSA1, CSA2, CSA3), two parallel CPAs (2n + 1-bit CPA1 and 2n-bit CPA2) and 4n+1-bit CPA3. From the theoretical results our proposal utilizes (10n+4)FA and (4n-2)HA area resources with a conversion time of (6n+5)t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FA</sub> +t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MUX</sub> , where CSA, CPA, FA, HA, t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FA</sub> , and t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MUX</sub> denote respectively, Carry Save Adder, Carry Propagate Adder, Full adder, Half Adder, the delay of one full adder and that of a multiplexer. Experimental result which is the ultimate contradicts the theoretical result and suggests that the area resource requirements of our proposal is reduced by 33.7% at the expense of 20.9% more conversion time required for our converter when compared with the state of the art.
DiaComp: Computerized Management of Type II Diabetes. (1990)

Patients with Type II diabetes often require insulin to control their blood glucose levels. Glucose control is dependent upon several factors, including variations in the patient's sensitivity to insulin, quality and quantity of dietary intake, and exercise patterns. For each patient, the amount of insulin required to maintain an acceptable range of glucose concentrations throughout the day may be highly variable. As a result, insulin requirements need to be re-evaluated constantly on a day-to-day basis. The DiaComp computer system provides a method of assisting Type II diabetic patients with the day-to-day management of their insulin administration. The patient is provided with a small, portable computer terminal/modem and is instructed on how to connect with the main DiaComp computer over existing telephone lines. The patient calls the DiaComp system daily to report blood glucose levels, amounts of insulin administered, and other pertinent information. The DiaComp system then evaluates the data, determines if “stat” intervention is required and then makes suggestions for insulin use for the following day. Emergency, or “stat,” intervention has a separate routine which overrides the “usual” interaction. The routine is capable of adjusting dose, insulin type (regular, intermediate acting, etc.) and regimen (AM, split, mixed, etc.). The dosage suggestion is based on 6 weeks of glucose and insulin data and will take into account both long and short term trends, thereby providing a personalized insulin regimen. Additionally, the DiaComp system has separate modes which provide detailed reports for clinicians, a research database, and education for the patient about diabetes. The system is predicted to reduce health care costs for its users by decreasing the number of direct patient-clinician interactions and by providing better day-to-day care for the patient. Further, the early detection of infection and of other events with significant physiologic impact is expected to decrease the number of hospitalizations.
Warum sich die metaphysischen Fragen nicht beantworten, aber auch nicht überwinden lassen (2000)

Article Warum sich die metaphysischen Fragen nicht beantworten, aber auch nicht überwinden lassen was published on June 1, 2000 in the journal Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie (volume 48, issue 3).
Modeling and estimation of internal friction in cloth (2013)

Force-deformation measurements of cloth exhibit significant hysteresis, and many researchers have identified internal friction as the source of this effect. However, it has not been incorporated into computer animation models of cloth. In this paper, we propose a model of internal friction based on an augmented reparameterization of Dahl's model, and we show that this model provides a good match to several important features of cloth hysteresis even with a minimal set of parameters. We also propose novel parameter estimation procedures that are based on simple and inexpensive setups and need only sparse data, as opposed to the complex hardware and dense data acquisition of previous methods. Finally, we provide an algorithm for the efficient simulation of internal friction, and we demonstrate it on simulation examples that show disparate behavior with and without internal friction.
Antiproliferative, Ultrastructural, and Physiological Effects of Amiodarone on Promastigote and Amastigote Forms of <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> (2011)

Amiodarone (AMIO), the most frequently antiarrhythmic drug used for the symptomatic treatment of chronic Chagas' disease patients with cardiac compromise, has recently been shown to have also specific activity against fungi, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania. In this work, we characterized the effects of AMIO on proliferation, mitochondrial physiology, and ultrastructure of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The IC(50) values were 4.21 and 0.46 μM against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, respectively, indicating high selectivity for the clinically relevant stage. We also found that treatment with AMIO leads to a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy of cells labeled with JC-1, a marker for mitochondrial energization, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed severe alterations of the mitochondrion, including intense swelling and modification of its membranes. Other ultrastructural alterations included (1) presence of numerous lipid-storage bodies, (2) presence of large autophagosomes containing part of the cytoplasm and membrane profiles, sometimes in close association with the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, and (3) alterations in the chromatin condensation and plasma membrane integrity. Taken together, our results indicate that AMIO is a potent inhibitor of L. amazonensis growth, acting through irreversible alterations in the mitochondrial structure and function, which lead to cell death by necrosis, apoptosis and/or autophagy.
Practice Parameter: Evaluation and in Treatment of Depression, Psychosis and Dementia Parkinson Disease (An Evidence-Based Review) (2006)

Objective To make evidence-based treatment recommendations for patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with dementia, depression and psychosis based on these questions: 1) What tools are effective to screen for depression, psychosis and dementia in PD? 2) What are effective treatments for depression and psychosis in PD? 3) What are effective treatments for PD dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)? Methods A nine member multi-specialty committee evaluated available evidence from a structured literature review using MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Health and Psychosocial Instruments from 1966 to 2004. Additional articles were identified by panel members.
Diagnostic tests in children with atopic dermatitis and food allergy (1998)

The SAFT is a reliable and child-friendly skin test for evaluating (suspected) food allergy in children younger than 4 years with atopic dermatitis. The very good correlation with the oral challenge indicates that one may probably consider the SAFT a "skin provocation" in children younger than 4 years.
A robotic needle-positioning and guidance system for CT-guided puncture:<i>Ex vivo</i>results (2014)

Purpose: To test the feasibility of a robotic needle-guidance platform during CT-guided puncture ex vivo. Material and methods: Thin copper wires inserted into a torso phantom served as targets. The phantom was placed on a carbon plate and the robot-positioning unit (RPU) of the guidance platform (iSYS Medizintechnik GmbH, Kitzbuehel, Austria) was attached. Following CT imaging and automatic registration a double oblique trajectory was planned and the RPU was remotely moved into appropriate position and angulation. A 17G-puncture needle was then manually inserted until the preplanned depth, permanently guided by the RPU. The CT scan was repeated and the distance between the actual needle tip and the target was evaluated. Results: Automatic registration was successful in ten experiments and the median duration of an experiment was 9.6 (6.4–46.0) minutes. The angulation of the needle path in x-y and z-axis was within 15.6° to 32.6°, and -32.8° to 3.2°, respectively and the needle insertion depth was 92.8 ± 14.4 mm. The Euclidean distance between the actual needle tip and the target was 2.3 ± 0.8 (range, 0.9–3.7) mm. Conclusion: Automatic registration and accurate needle placement close to small targets was demonstrated. Study settings and torso phantom were very close to the clinical reality.
CD45RA and CD45RBhigh expression induced by thymic selection events. (1992)

CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in T and B cell signaling. While peripheral T cells switch CD45 isoforms upon activation, events leading to exon switching during T cell development in the thymus have not been determined. The expression of high molecular weight isoforms of CD45 was examined on thymocytes from nontransgenic and T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. All thymocytes from nontransgenic mice were CD45RB+ as assessed by staining with MB23G2, an anti-CD45RB-specific monoclonal antibody. Interestingly, there was a small population (1-3%) of thymocytes that displayed a higher intensity of staining with MB23G2, CD45RBhigh. CD45RBhigh thymocytes were found in all subsets defined by CD4 and CD8 expression and were also present within the TCR-alpha/beta high population. To analyze whether or not CD45 expression correlated with thymic selection events, expression of CD45RBhigh and a second isoform, CD45RA, was examined on thymocytes from H-Y and 2C TCR transgenic mice and found to correlate with positive and negative selection events but did not occur in nonselecting backgrounds. CD45RA and CD45RBhigh upregulation was also not observed in transgenic mice backcrossed into CD8-deficient mice, a scenario in which there is no positive selection of transgene-expressing thymocytes. These data suggest that modulation of CD45 isoform expression may be involved in thymic selection events.
Exome sequencing: the sweet spot before whole genomes (2010)

The development of massively parallel sequencing technologies, coupled with new massively parallel DNA enrichment technologies (genomic capture), has allowed the sequencing of targeted regions of the human genome in rapidly increasing numbers of samples. Genomic capture can target specific areas in the genome, including genes of interest and linkage regions, but this limits the study to what is already known. Exome capture allows an unbiased investigation of the complete protein-coding regions in the genome. Researchers can use exome capture to focus on a critical part of the human genome, allowing larger numbers of samples than are currently practical with whole-genome sequencing. In this review, we briefly describe some of the methodologies currently used for genomic and exome capture and highlight recent applications of this technology.
Mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase shares structural and functional homology with the catalytic domain of yeast Snf1 protein kinase. (1994)

The AMP-activated protein kinase is responsible for the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It may also regulate cholesterol synthesis via phosphorylation and inactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. We have purified the AMP-activated protein kinase 14,000-fold from porcine liver. The 63-kDa catalytic subunit co-purifies with two proteins of 40 and 38 kDa that may function as subunits. Partial amino acid sequence of the 63-kDa subunit revealed a striking homology with the catalytic domain of the yeast protein kinase transcriptional regulator Snf1 and its plant homologs. The Snf1 (72 kDa) and Snf4 (36 kDa) complex was also purified and found to phosphorylate the AMP-activated protein kinase peptide substrate, HMRSAMSGLHLVKRR-amide, but was not activated by AMP. Both Snf1/4 and the AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylate and inactivate yeast acetyl-CoA carboxylase in vitro. These results indicate that during evolution the catalytic domain sequences of the Snf1 protein kinase subfamily have been exploited in the control of mammalian lipid metabolism and raise the possibilities that the AMP-activated protein kinase may have other substrates involved in regulating gene expression pathways, as well as Snf1 homologs participating in the control of lipid metabolism in many eukaryotic organisms.
Multimedia presentation design using data flow diagrams (2002)

Structured analysis/design methodology has been used in software development for many years. We propose a revised data flow diagram technique and system based on the structured analysis methodology. The system allows a multimedia presentation designer to stepwise refine his/her presentation toward an interactive Petri net, which defines the temporal behaviour of the presentation. The generated presentation can mutate itself at runtime. Therefore, the presentation can act according to the audience's responses. The system is implemented in Visual C++ and Visual Basic running under Windows 95/NT.
Two constructions of A^3-codes from projective geometry in finite fields (2015)

An 3A-code is extension of 2A-code in which none of the three participants: transmitter, receiver and arbiter, is assumed trusted. In this article, from projective geometry over finite fields, two 3A-codes were given, the parameters, and probabilities of successful attacks were computed.
Structure and absolute stereochemistry of the diterpenoid barbatusin (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and absolute stereochemistry of the diterpenoid barbatusinA. H. J. Wang, I. C. Paul, R. Zelnik, K. Mizuta, and D. LavieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 2, 598–600Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00783a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (378 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Incorporation of Nonnatural Amino Acids Into Proteins (2004)

The genetic code is established by the aminoacylation of transfer RNA, reactions in which each amino acid is linked to its cognate tRNA that, in turn, harbors the nucleotide triplet (anticodon) specific to the amino acid. The accuracy of aminoacylation is essential for building and maintaining the universal tree of life. The ability to manipulate and expand the code holds promise for the development of new methods to create novel proteins and to understand the origins of life. Recent efforts to manipulate the genetic code have fulfilled much of this potential. These efforts have led to incorporation of nonnatural amino acids into proteins for a variety of applications and have demonstrated the plausibility of specific proposals for early evolution of the code.
Delayed Intra‐articular Inflammatory Reaction Due to Poly‐L‐Lactide Bioabsorbable Interference Screw Used in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2008)

Bioabsorbable interference screws have replaced metal interference screws in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery because they have several advantages. Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) is one of the commonly used materials for bioabsorbable interference screws. PLLA produces a lower inflammatory reaction than polyglycolide as a result of its slower degradation rate and better biocompatibility. We describe a case of a delayed intra-articular inflammatory reaction caused by a PLLA bioabsorbable interference screw used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The mechanism of reduction of nitrosobenzene by alcohols (1968)

Nitrosobenzene is easily reduced to azoxybenzene by alkaline aqueous solutions of alcohols. Combined kinetic and product studies indicate that this reduction involves a hydride transfer, probably from an alkoxide anion, to give the anion of phenylhydroxylamine which then combines rapidly with a second molecule of nitrosobenzene to form azoxybenzene. Only the latter reaction involves the formation of nitrosobenzene anion-radicals, (PhNO·)–. The one-electron reduction of nitrosobenzene could not be effected by hydrocarbons such as cumene or by sym-trisubstituted phenols.
Rasch Measurement Applied to Young Children (1997)

Most popular tests of motor proficiency have been developed using classical test theory. Recently, item response theory (IRT) has been used to address some of the difficulties inherent with these traditional psychometric approaches. This paper focuses on the application of IRT in the psychomotor domain where analyses involving both dichotomous (Cole, Wood, & Dunn, 1991; Werder & Bruininks, 1988) and polytomous criterion referenced measurements (Puderbaugh & Fisher, 1992) have met with equivocal results. The application of the method to quantitative data has to date proved challenging. An example reported here is based on outcome measures used in the development of a test of movement skills for children aged 5 and 6 years. The results appear very promising, but some caution is required in interpreting results.