gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directionally Hiding Objects and Creating Illusions at Visible Wavelengths by Holography (2013)

Invisibility devices have attracted considerable attentions in the last decade. In addition to invisibility cloaks, unidirectional invisibility systems such as carpet-like cloaks and parity-time symmetric structures are also inspiring some specific researching interests due to their relatively simplifying design. However, unidirectional invisibility systems worked generally in just one certain illumination direction. Here, based on time-reversal principle, we present the design and fabrication of a kind of all-dielectric device that could directionally cancel objects and create illusions as the illuminating light was from different directions. Our devices were experimentally realized through holographic technology and could work for macroscopic objects with any reasonable size at visible wavelengths, and hence may take directional invisibility technology a big step towards interesting applications ranging from magic camouflaging, directional detection to super-resolution biomedical imaging.
Liver abscess: catheter drainage v/s needle aspiration (2015)

Background:The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, and to investigate the effectiveness of continuous catheter drainage in comparison to needle aspiration in the treatment of liver abscesses.Methods:This is a comparative study of 121 patients, presented in outpatient and emergency department at the hospital, randomized double blind trial was done and divide into two groups (percutaneous needle aspiration and pigtail catheter drainage.) about which surgeon did not knew about the division it was marked by evaluator. The effectiveness of either treatment was measured in terms of duration of hospital stay, days to achieve clinical improvement, reduction in abscess cavity size and total/near total resolution of abscess cavity.Results:The success rate was significantly better in catheter drainage group. The patients in pigtail catheter drainage group showed earlier clinical improvement and decrease in abscess cavity volume as compared to those who underwent percutaneous needle aspiration.Conclusions:Percutaneous catheter drainage is a better modality as compared to percutaneous needle aspiration especially in larger abscesses which are partially liquefied or with thick pus.
SVNE: Survivable Virtual Network Embedding Algorithms for Network Virtualization (2013)

Network virtualization can offer more flexibility and better manageability for the future Internet by allowing multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VN) to coexist on a shared infrastructure provider (InP) network. A major challenge in this respect is the VN embedding problem that deals with the efficient mapping of virtual resources on InP network resources. Previous research focused on heuristic algorithms for the VN embedding problem assuming that the InP network remains operational at all times. In this paper, we remove this assumption by formulating the survivable virtual network embedding (SVNE) problem. We then develop a pro-active, and a hybrid policy heuristic to solve it, and a baseline policy heuristic to compare to. The hybrid policy is based on a fast re-routing strategy and utilizes a pre-reserved quota for backup on each physical link. Our evaluation results show that our proposed heuristics for SVNE outperform the baseline heuristic in terms of long term business profit for the InP, acceptance ratio, bandwidth efficiency, and response time.
Inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on linoleic acid elongation in transformed yeast with human elongase (2001)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 18:2) refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers derived from linoleic acid (LA; delta9,12-18:2). Using a growing baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transformed with human elongase gene, we examined the inhibitory effect of CLA at various concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 microM) on elongation of LA (25 microM) to eicosadienoic acid (EDA; delta11,14-20:2). Among four available individual CLA isomers, only c9,t11- and t10,c12-isomers inhibited elongation of LA to EDA. The extent of inhibition (ranging from 20 to 60%) was related to the concentration of CLA added to the medium. In the meantime, only these two isomers, when added at 50 microM to the media, were elongated to conjugated FDA (c11,t13- and t12,c14-20:2) by the same recombinant elongase at the rate of 28 and 24%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of CLA on LA elongation is possibly due to competition between CLA isomers and LA for the recombinant elongase. Thus, results from this study and a previous study suggest that the biological effect of CLA is exerted through its inhibitory effect on delta6-desaturation as well as elongation of LA which results in a decrease in long-chain n-6 fatty acids and consequently the eicosanoid synthesis.
The multidomain protein Trio binds the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, contains a protein kinase domain, and has separate rac-specific and rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains. (1996)

rho-like GTP binding proteins play an essential role in regulating cell growth and actin polymerization. These molecular switches are positively regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote the exchange of GDP for GTP. Using the interaction-trap assay to identify candidate proteins that bind the cytoplasmic region of the LAR transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase (PT-Pase), we isolated a cDNA encoding a 2861-amino acid protein termed Trio that contains three enzyme domains: two functional GEF domains and a protein serine/threonine kinase (PSK) domain. One of the Trio GEF domains (Trio GEF-D1) has rac-specific GEF activity, while the other Trio GEF domain (Trio GEF-D2) has rho-specific activity. The C-terminal PSK domain is adjacent to an Ig-like domain and is most similar to calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases, such as smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase which similarly contains associated Ig-like domains. Near the N terminus, Trio has four spectrin-like repeats that may play a role in intracellular targeting. Northern blot analysis indicates that Trio has a broad tissue distribution. Trio appears to be phosphorylated only on serine residues, suggesting that Trio is not a LAR substrate, but rather that it forms a complex with LAR. As the LAR PTPase localizes to the ends of focal adhesions, we propose that LAR and the Trio GEF/PSK may orchestrate cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration.
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Major Depression (1994)

Sympathetic nervous system activity is elevated in major depression and is suppressed by short-term desipramine administration. The demonstration of SNS reactivation occurring with prolonged desipramine treatment is compatible with the theory that long-term treatment desensitizes CNS alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and emphasizes the value of examining the temporal course of responses to pharmacological challenges of neuroendocrine systems. Previously reported elevations of plasma NE during prolonged administration of tricyclic antidepressants are probably the result of a reduction in plasma NE clearance, not an increase in SNS activity.
Toward a Generic Model for Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS) (2003)

Abstract : Unmanned systems (UMSs) have been deployed to military and civilian operations. UMSs vary widely in their capabilities and purposes. It would be beneficial to have a set of widely recognized standard definitions on the capabilities of the UMSs. Efforts have begun in various organizations in defining autonomy levels for unmanned systems. As part of this ongoing research, we are attempting to define a generic model for the autonomy levels for unmanned systems (ALFUS). Our intention is for this model to be used to derive mission-specific ALFUS. In this paper, we describe autonomy levels in three tiers, subsystem, system, and system of systems (SoS). Within each tier, the levels of autonomy are further divided with the factors of task complexity, environmental complexity, human involvement, and a set of quality factors. The work presented is a snapshot of an ongoing process.
Isolation and characterization of Helicobacter suis sp. nov. from pig stomachs (2008)

A new cultivation method was successfully applied for the in vitro isolation of a hitherto uncultured spiral Helicobacter species associated with ulceration of the non-glandular stomach and gastritis in pigs and formerly described as 'Candidatus Helicobacter suis'. Three isolates, HS1(T), HS2 and HS3, were subcultured from the stomach mucosa of three pigs after slaughter and were analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The novel isolates grew on biphasic culture plates or very moist agar bases in microaerobic conditions and exhibited urease, oxidase and catalase activities. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the 23S rRNA gene, the partial hsp60 gene and partial ureAB genes confirmed that the strains present in the gastric mucosa of pigs constituted a separate taxon, corresponding to 'Helicobacter heilmannii' type 1 strains as detected in the gastric mucosa of humans and other primates. For all genes sequenced, the highest sequence similarities were obtained with Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii and Helicobacter salomonis, Helicobacter species isolated from the gastric mucosa of dogs and cats, which have also been detected in the human gastric mucosa and which are commonly referred to as 'Helicobacter heilmannii' type 2. SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins of strains HS1(T), HS2 and HS3 differentiated them from other Helicobacter species of gastric origin. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis confirmed that the novel isolates constitute a novel taxon corresponding to 'Helicobacter heilmannii' type 1 strains from humans and to 'Candidatus H. suis' from pigs. The name Helicobacter suis sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates with the type strain HS1(T) (=LMG 23995(T)=DSM 19735(T)).
The adaptive significance of dark plumage for birds in desert environments (2002)

)claims that black coloration in some desert fami-lies may merely be the ancestral condition, sever-al adaptive hypotheses have been proposed toexplain dark coloration. These include crypsis innocturnal species, or, conversely, maximum con-spicuousness caused by contrast with the sur-rounding substrate in diurnal species; resistanceto abrasion in melanistic species; protection from
A Simplified and Standardized Polymerase Chain Reaction Format for the Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis (2008)

The Leishmania OligoC-TesT showed high specificity and sensitivity in clinical samples and was able to detect the parasite in samples obtained by less invasive means, such as blood, lymph, and lesion scrapings. The assay is a promising new tool for simplified and standardized molecular detection of Leishmania parasites.
Quantitative structural characterization of the melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene (1975)

Abstract The melting behavior of restrained isotactic polypropylene fibers is examined quantitatively in terms of the influence the anisotropic structural state of the polymer has on the observed properties. Two endotherm peaks are observed to occur in some of the samples. The formation and location of the multiple peaks are determined by the orientation of the noncrystalline chains, and is independent of the fabrication path used to achieve that orientation. Above a certain minimum orientation of the noncrystalline chains, multiple endotherm peak formation occurs. The high‐temperature endotherm ( T 2M ) extrapolates to an ultimate melting point for fully oriented noncrystalline chains of 220°C, while the lower‐temperature endotherm ( T 1M ) extrapolates to an ultimate melting point of 185°C. Noncrystalline chain orientation influences the endotherm temperature through its changing configurational entropy. It is shown quantitatively that the noncrystalline polymer must be considered as plastically deformed, since rubber elasticity theory is not followed as predicted. The melting behavior of isothermally crystallized samples are also reported to further elucidate the nature of the observed endotherms.
The structural feature and evolutionary series in the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone (2010)

According to the plenty of field geological survey and basin earthquake data analysis,the author believed that multiperiodic and diversely characteristic activities happened and the tectonic deformed phenomena with characteristics were formed in the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in Mesozoic-Cenozoic era.Sinistral strike-slip is characteristic of Dunhua-Mishan ductile shear zone near Zhiyi Town,Mishan County,among which the biotite ~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar-~(39)Ar/~(36)Ar isochron age is 161±3Ma.The isochron age is the product of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone used and of the second left-lateral strike-slip happening and stretching from the Northeast,China to Far East,Russia.The negative flower faults of Yehe Town,Siping City in the Jiamusi-Yitong fault zone were formed in the early mid period of K_1,which is the typical representative of the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone suffering from left-lateral strike-slip and extension in K_1.Large-scale strike-slip and thrust fault-fold zone in Jiamusi-Yitong Fault of Shiling Town,Siping City,obsequent grabenin Dunhua-Mishan fault of Huadian City and Shenyang-Harbin thrust fault were formed in the Nenjiang movement of later period of K_2-last stage of K_2,when the large-scale and influential extent of brittle right-lateral strikeslip and thrust event caused the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone strongly transformed.Palaeogene basin in the Jiamusi-Yitong and Dunhua-Mishan fault zones took on an asymmetric graben on its transverse profile and the asymmetric graben changed the direction of fault depression and overlap to right or left along the fault zone,which is the product of the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone controlled by right-lateral strike-slip and extensional double machanism in Palaeogene.According to the deformation features of the different geologic periods in the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone of Mesozoic-Cenozoic,tectonic evolution sequence in the northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang was established,namely,left-lateral strike-slip tenacity shear stage (the last stage of J_2),left-lateral tenso-shear stage(the earlier-mid period of K_1),right-lateral compression shear stage(of later period of K_2-last stage of K_2),right-lateral strike-slip fault depression stage(E) and structural inversion(the end of E_3).The evolutionary history was mainly controlled by circum-Pacific tectonic domain.
Fast frequency acquisition phase-frequency detectors for Gsamples/s phase-locked loops (2002)

This paper describes two techniques for designing phase-frequency detectors (PFDs) with higher operating frequencies [periods of less than 8/spl times/ the delay of a fan-out-4 inverter (FO-4)] and faster frequency acquisition. Prototypes designed in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process exhibit operating frequencies of 1.25 GHz [=1/(8/spl middot/FO-4)] and 1.5 GHz [=1/(6.7/spl middot/FO-4)] for two techniques, respectively, whereas a conventional PFD operates at <1 GHz [=1/(10/spl middot/FO-4)]. The two proposed PFDs achieve a capture range of 1.7/spl times/ and 1.4/spl times/ the conventional design, respectively.
An Efficient Acylation of Free Glycosylamines for the Synthesis of<i>N</i>-Glycosyl Amino Acids and<i>N</i>-Glycosidic Surfactants for Membrane Studies (1994)

Abstract Treatment of free glycosylamines with 3-acyl-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2 (3H)-thiones 6 or with acids and 5-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carbothioic acid S-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ester 7 in hydroorganic media afforded N-acylglycosylamines in high yields and without any competitive deglycosylation. This reaction found applications in the synthesis of N-glycopeptide building blocks and of glycosidic non ionic surfactants. Results concerning surface activities of two N-acylglycosylamines are reported. The new non ionic N-octanoyl-β-D-glucosylamine surfactant exhibited efficacy and selectivity in the extraction of membrane proteins, enhanced the activity of a membrane succinate dehydrogenase and proved thus useful for membrane studies.
MOOCs R Us (2012)

While MOOCs have much to offer to higher education, Dan W. Butin argues that they can only take us so far. Ultimately, MOOCs provide an apprenticeship into Wikipedia; faculty provide an apprenticeship into democracy.
Antimycobacterial Flavonoids from the Leaf Extract of <i>Galenia africana</i> (2009)

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract of the leaves of Galenia africana led to the isolation of three known flavonoids, (2S)-5,7,2'-trihydroxyflavanone (1), (E)-3,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone (2), and (E)-2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (3), and the new (E)-3,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone (4). Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate antituberculosis activity. During synergistic studies, a combination of compound 4 and an existing antituberculosis drug, isoniazid, reduced their original MICs 4-fold, resulting in a fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.50. The most pronounced effect was demonstrated by compound 1 and isoniazid reducing their MICs 16-fold and resulting in an FIC of 0.12. Both EtOH extract and isolated compounds failed to exhibit any NADPH oxidase activity at 800.0 muM concentrations, indicating that mycothiol disulfide reductase is not the target for their antituberculosis activity.
An Analysis of State Vector Propagation Using Differing Flight Dynamics Programs (2005)

Since the demonstration of the first numerically generated space catalog by the United States Navy in 1997, the issue of how to transition from the two-line element sets (TLEs), to routine use of numerical vectors in satellite flight dynamics operations is generating some unique challenges. Specifically, how will organizations efficiently interact with and use orbital data from programs outside their control. The historical TLE operations used analytically generated datasets for a majority of their calculations which required strict adherence to a specific mathematical technique. Use of numerical techniques presents different challenges even though the underlying mathematical technique is the same. This paper provides results of an experiment in which various initial state vectors, representing a cross-section of the existing satellite population, were propagated from several days to a month. The ephemerides, created by several legacy flight dynamics programs, are compared to ephemerides from Analytical Graphics Inc.’s Satellite Tool Kit (STK). There is no assertion of right or wrong answers within the comparisons, rather, the relative differences are shown to gauge the effectiveness of the setup for each case. Most of the comparisons show that mm to cm-level comparisons are possible with careful attention to parameters. Differences are discussed including potential error sources. One goal is to present a format that simplifies transmission and use of state vector information between programs, seeking a standard for better integration of interoperability. This will avoid significant expenses in using entirely new, or unavailable software. Tables are presented to demonstrate the effect of various force models and their contribution to the satellite orbit. Finally, sample ephemeris information, potential new formats to exchange data, and STK scenario setups are included to initiate a community forum on numerical ephemeris propagations.
Normalized tree partitioning for image segmentation (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel graph based clustering approach with satisfactory clustering performance and low computational cost. It consists of two main steps: tree fitting and partitioning. We first introduce a probabilistic method to fit a tree to a data graph under the sense of minimum entropy. Then, we propose a novel tree partitioning method under a normalized cut criterion, called Normalized Tree Partitioning (NTP), in which a fast combinatorial algorithm is designed for exact bipartitioning. Moreover, we extend it to k-way tree partitioning by proposing an efficient best-first recursive bipartitioning scheme. Compared with spectral clustering, NTP produces the exact global optimal bipartition, introduces fewer approximations for k-way partitioning and can intrinsically produce superior performance. Compared with bottom-up aggregation methods, NTP adopts a global criterion and hence performs better. Last, experimental results on image segmentation demonstrate that our approach is more powerful compared with existing graph-based approaches.
Diatoms: Self assembled silicananostructures, and templates for bio/chemical sensors and biomimetic membranes (2010)

In this review we highlight recent advances in the understanding of biosilica production, biomodification of diatom frustules and their subsequent applications in bio/chemical sensors, and as a model membrane for filtration and separation.
Membrane design and photocuring encapsulation of flatpack based ion-sensitive field effect transistors (1988)

A flatpack mounted ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) device fixed in a Perspex flow cell provides a compact flow injection analysis (FIA) manifold. This allows for the injection of small sample volumes and rapid substitution of one ISFET sensor with another. Encapsulation of the chip was facilitated by the use of a “dry film” DuPont Riston photoresist material, which reproducibly patterned the encapsulant around the gate regions.Analytical conditions have been optimised using conventional solvent-cast PVC matrix membranes. As alternatives to these, an examination of a series of photopolymerisable methacrylate membranes showed butyl methacrylate to be a viable system. This has the advantage of ease of application to the FET gate and possible elimination of uneven membranes arising from evaporation of the solvent normally used to apply PVC. The butyl methacrylate-dioctylphenyl phosphonate-calcium bis{di[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl] phosphate} sensor system yields good flatpack mounted ISFET devices which perform well in the above FIA manifold. It has the expected response characteristics for the calcium ion-sensing system with lifetimes >21 d.