gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad-band second-harmonic generation in holey optical fibers (2001)

Holey fibers are shown to have an ideal geometry for efficient parametric processes due to their tailorable modal properties. These fibers can have the additional advantage of single-mode operation at all the interacting wavelengths. We demonstrate theoretically that by appropriate choice of holey fiber geometry, these fibers can be up to four orders of magnitude more efficient for second harmonic generation than conventional poled fibers.
LOBLOLLY PINE PLANT COMMUNITY EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN (1992)

Previous studies suggest that shifts in plant community structure may alter soil nutrient concentrations and availability. A study was conducted to determine the influence of species composition in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plant communities on surface soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations and potential mineralization after 7 years of growth and development. The study site is located in the Lower Coastal Plain physiographic region near Tallassee, AL. The soil is classified as a Cowarts loamy sand (Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kanhapludults). Utilizing herbicides, distinct plant communities were established in 1984 including herbaceous-hardwood-pine (HHwP), herbaceous-pine (HP), hardwood-pine (HwP) and pine only (P). Organic C and N and potential C and N mineralization were determined on surface soil samples (0 to 5-, 5 to 10-, and 10 to 20-cm depth increments) collected in February 1991. After 7 years, soil organic N differed among the plant communities; soil organic N was lower in the P than in communities including herbaceous species (HHwP and HP). These differences in soil organic N resulted from a net gain under HHwP and HP, rather than net loss under the P community. Gains in soil N may have been due to symbiotic N fixation. In laboratory incubations, respiration and N mineralization were lower in soil from the P than the HHwP and HP communities. Substrate quality as indicated by forest floor C/N and as manifested by relative N mineralization and C/N mineralized were also reduced in the P community compared with others. Our results suggest that silvicultural manipulation of loblolly pine communities may affect soil C and N and, in turn, could influence long-term site quality.
Robust Speech Recognition Algorithms In A Car Noise Environment (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Delayed Hypersensitivity, Macrophage Migration, and Antibodies in Guinea‐Pigs Immunized with Diphtheria Toxoid (1972)

Guinea‐pigs were immunized with diphtheria toxoid (DT) or with DT‐anti‐toxin precipitate, both in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). DT‐induced inhibition of peritoneal cell migration was equally strong in both groups and increased with time after immunization. Some guinea‐pigs immunized with DT‐antitoxin precipitate were boosted with DT or DT‐antitoxin precipitate, both in FCA. This increased the antibody titre but did not affect 24‐hour skin reactivity or migration inhibition. Migration inhibition did not correlate with anti‐DT passive haemagglutinins, haemolysins, or cytophilic antibody on peritoneal cells, but did correlate with 24‐hour skin reactivity.
Bone morphogenetic proteins and spinal fusion (2002)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have increasingly become a focus of research in the laboratory, with animal models, and in human clinical trials for the treatment of spinal disorders. Basic science research has elucidated the putative mechanism of action of BMPs, and the efficacy of BMPs in inducing bone formation has been evaluated in multiple animal models of anterior and posterior spinal fusion. Not only has BMP been shown to improve the quality and amount of bone formation when used as a supplement to autograft, it has also been shown to promote superior fusion in the absence of autograft, even in high-risk fusion models involving the use of nicotine or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Both completed and ongoing clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of recombinant BMP, leading to the first BMP product being approved for clinical use earlier this year. Animal models and clinical trials have also been used to evaluate the safety of BMPs. Although few complications have been reported, BMPs can induce heterotopic bone formation, especially when placed adjacent to exposed neural elements. Potentially more serious, antibody formation has been seen in up to 38% of patients in some clinical trials. No clinical sequelae have been reported despite the development of antibodies against BMP, a naturally occurring human protein implicated in processes other than osteoinduction. The future directions of biological manipulation of the osteoinduction process include further understanding of the interactions of the BMP subtypes, the interactions of BMP with its receptors, and exploring other molecules capable of osteoinduction.
Body torque modulation for a microrobotic fly (2009)

The Harvard Microrobotics Lab has previously demonstrated the world's first at-scale robotic insect capable of vertical takeoff with external power. Both of the robot's wings were driven by a single power actuator and 1-DOF mechanical transmission-making independent control of both wings, and therefore asymmetric flapping and the generation of a net body torque, impossible. This paper presents a method to modulate body torques by altering the kinematics of each wing transmission independently, via the introduction of two additional control actuators. Theoretical kinematic and dynamic predictions based on a pseudo-rigid body model are compared to the observed wing trajectories. Controllable body torques are necessary for the development of control algorithms for eventual stable hovering and free flight.
The creation of company cultures: The role of stories and human resource systems (1984)

Abstract This article shows how informally told stories and human resource systems help create strong company cultures which can support a corporate strategy. It explains why stories are so powerful in creating company culture. It also suggests how managers can deal with negative stories and encourage the telling of positive stories both through their personal behavior and through the human resource systems they manage.
A novel hTERT promoter–driven E1A therapeutic for ovarian cancer (2009)

Currently, an effective gene therapy strategy, which not only retains cancer-specific expression but also limits toxicity, has yet to be developed for ovarian cancer. Mounting reports over the years have shown that human telomerase activity is significantly elevated in cancer cells compared with normal cells. In this study, we evaluated the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; T) promoter and showed that it can direct target gene expression preferentially in ovarian cancer cells. However, its promoter (T) activity is much lower than that of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a commonly used nonspecific promoter. To overcome this problem, we have integrated the T promoter into our recently developed VP16-Gal4-WPRE integrated systemic amplifier (VISA) system and dramatically enhanced transgene expression. In addition, to further develop this cancer-specific promoter gene expression system into an applicable therapeutic vector, we expressed E1A (an adenoviral type 5 transcription factor that possesses anticancer properties) through this novel VISA platform. We showed that the T-VISA system specifically targeted the expression of E1A to ovarian cancer cells at a level greater than or comparable with the commonly used CMV promoter, yet remained nearly silent in normal cells, thus making this a suitable gene therapy construct. By using this cancer-specific promoter that limits target gene expression in normal cells/tissues, potential toxicity induced by the CMV promoter would be prevented. More importantly, we showed significant antitumor activity with much less toxicity in animal models through i.v. delivery of T-VISA-E1A:liposomal nanoparticles, suggesting a promising role of T-VISA-E1A for ovarian cancer treatment under a gene therapy setting.
Practical Implementation of Optical Fiber Sensors in Civil Structural Health Monitoring (2007)

Implementation of successful civil structural health monitoring strategies requires selection and placement of sensors suitable for measurement of key parameters that influence the performance and health of the structural system. Optical fiber sensors have been successfully implemented in aeronautics, mechanical systems, and medical applications. Civil structures pose further challenges in monitoring mainly due to their large dimensions, diversity as well as heterogeneity of materials involved, and hostile construction environment. This article provides a summary of basic principles pertaining to practical health monitoring of civil engineering structures with optical fiber sensors. The issues discussed include basic sensor principles, strain transfer mechanism, sensor packaging, sensor placement in construction environment, and reliability and survivability of the sensors.
Dynamic optical tags (2004)

The goal of the DARPA Dynamic Optical Tags (DOTs) program is to develop a small, robust, persistent, 2-way tagging, tracking and locating device that also supports communications at data rates greater than 100 kbps and can be interrogated at significant range. These tags will allow for two-way data exchange and tagging operations in friendly and denied areas. The DOTs will be passive and non-RF. To accomplish this, the DOTs program will develop small, thin, retro-reflecting modulators. The tags will operate for long periods of time (greater than two months) in real-world environmental conditions (-40° to +70° C) and allow for a wide interrogation angle (±60°). The tags will be passive (in the sleep mode) for most of the time and only become active when interrogated by a laser with the correct code. Once correctly interrogated, the tags will begin to modulate and retro-reflect the incoming beam. The program will also develop two tag specific transceiver systems that are eye-safe, employ automated scanning algorithms, and are capable of short search and interrogate times.
On calculating efficient LFSR seeds for built-in self test (2003)

Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) are commonly used as pseudo-random test pattern generators (TPGs) in BIST schemes. This paper presents a fast simulation-based method to compute an efficient seed (initial state) of a given primitive polynomial LFSR TPG. The size of the LFSR, the primitive feedback polynomial and the length of the generated test sequence are a priori known. The method uses a deterministic test cube compression technique and produces a one-seed LFSR test sequence of a predefined test length that achieves high fault coverage. This technique can be applied either in pseudo-random testing for BISTed circuits containing few random resistant faults, or in pseudo-deterministic BIST where it allows the hardware generator overhead area to be reduced. Compared with existing methods, the proposed technique is able to deal with combinational circuits of great size and with a lot of primary inputs. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Origin and Propagation of Epileptic Spasms Delineated on Electrocorticography (2005)

Epileptic spasms may be triggered by a focal neocortical impulse in a subset of patients, and a leading spike, if present, might be used as a marker of the trigger zone for epileptic spasms. Rapidly emerging widespread fast-wave bursts might explain the clinical semiology of epileptic spasms.
Simultaneous Polymerization and Schulz−Flory Oligomerization of Ethylene Made Possible by Activation with MAO of a <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-Symmetric [2,6-Bis(arylimino)pyridyl]iron Dichloride Precursor (2004)

C1-symmetric [2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl]iron dichloride complexes can form on activation by MAO highly active catalysts for the one-pot transformation of ethylene into mixtures of linear homopolymer and α-olefins with a Schulz−Flory distribution.
Technique Improving and Its Simulation Analysis on Load Test of Transformer (2012)

In recent years, as the growing importance in power system of the electrical element transformer, the testing techniques of which have been drawing more and more attention. As the regular experiment of transformer, the purpose of load test is to measure the two basic performance parameters of transformer, short circuit loss and short circuit impedance, and judge whether the parameters are within prescribed specifications. Article first analyzes the principle of classical load test in theory, then improves the experiment method combining the problems emerged in engineering through traditional testing way, finally compares the improved method with the traditional method in PSCAD simulation circumstance and proves the advantages rooting in improved method. Results indicate that the model built in the software simulates the real condition vividly, which implies the presented improved method of load test offers considerable amount of practical value.
New “Smart Parking” System Based on Resource Allocation and Reservations (2013)

We propose a novel “smart parking” system for an urban environment. The system assigns and reserves an optimal parking space based on the driver's cost function that combines proximity to destination and parking cost. Our approach solves a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem at each decision point defined in a time-driven sequence. The solution of each MILP is an optimal allocation based on current state information and is updated at the next decision point with a guarantee that there is no resource reservation conflict and that no driver is ever assigned a resource with a cost function higher than this driver's current cost function value. Based on simulation results, compared with uncontrolled parking processes or state-of-the-art guidance-based systems, our system reduces the average time to find a parking space and the parking cost, whereas the overall parking capacity is more efficiently utilized. We also describe full implementation in a garage to test this system, where a new light system scheme is proposed to guarantee user reservations.
A Fast Multilevel Algorithm for Wavelet-Regularized Image Restoration (2009)

We present a multilevel extension of the popular "thresholded Landweber" algorithm for wavelet-regularized image restoration that yields an order of magnitude speed improvement over the standard fixed-scale implementation. The method is generic and targeted towards large-scale linear inverse problems, such as 3-D deconvolution microscopy. The algorithm is derived within the framework of bound optimization. The key idea is to successively update the coefficients in the various wavelet channels using fixed, subband-adapted iteration parameters (step sizes and threshold levels). The optimization problem is solved efficiently via a proper chaining of basic iteration modules. The higher level description of the algorithm is similar to that of a multigrid solver for PDEs, but there is one fundamental difference: the latter iterates though a sequence of multiresolution versions of the original problem, while, in our case, we cycle through the wavelet subspaces corresponding to the difference between successive approximations. This strategy is motivated by the special structure of the problem and the preconditioning properties of the wavelet representation. We establish that the solution of the restoration problem corresponds to a fixed point of our multilevel optimizer. We also provide experimental evidence that the improvement in convergence rate is essentially determined by the (unconstrained) linear part of the algorithm, irrespective of the type of wavelet. Finally, we illustrate the technique with some image deconvolution examples, including some real 3-D fluorescence microscopy data.
The cell surface associated phosphatase activity of<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>BCG is not regulated by environmental inorganic phosphate (2001)

Non-specific phosphomonoesterase activities (alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2)) were examined at the cell surface of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Using p-nitrophenylphosphate as the substrate, peaks of phosphatase activity were detected at pH 6.0, pH 10.0 and pH 12.0, suggesting the presence of one acid phosphatase and two alkaline phosphatases with distinct optimum pH values. Contrary to the situation observed in several other microorganisms, the expression of these enzymes is not regulated by the environmental inorganic phosphate concentration.
Metallkomplexe der Liganden 1.4.7-Triazacyclononan-N.N′.N″ -tris-2-ethansulfonat (TES) und 1.4.7-Triazacyclononan-N.N′.N″ -trisethylacetat (TEA). Die Kristallstrukturen von Na[Ni(TES)(H<sub>2</sub>O)]·5H<sub>2</sub>O und Na[Cu(TES)]·3H<sub>2</sub>O / Transition Metal Complexes Containing the Ligands 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-tris-2-ethanesulfonate (TES) and 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-tris-ethylacetate (TEA). The Crystal Structures of Na[Ni(TES) (H<sub>2</sub>O)]·5H<sub>2</sub>O and of Na[Cu(TES)]·3H<sub>2</sub>O (1983)

The syntheses of two new, potentially hexadentate ligands with an N 3 O 3 donor set is reported: 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-tris-2-ethanesulfonate (TES) and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane- N,N′,N″-tris-ethylacetate (TEA). Complexes of the divalent transition metals Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) containing these ligands have been prepared. The kinetics of the reactions of [Con(TEA)H 2 O] 2+ and [Co II (TCTA)]-(TCTA= 1,4,7-triazacyclononane- N,N′N″-tris-acetate) with [Fe III (CN) 6 ] 3- , respectively, have been measured. A stable binuclear [Co(TEA)(CN) 6 Fe] - species has been characterized in solution whereas the reaction of [Co(TCTA)]- with [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- yields [Co III TCTA] and [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4- via an outer-sphere electron transfer reaction (k = 5,9 × 10 3 1 mol -1 sec -1 ; 25 °C, I = 0,26 M). Na[Ni(TES)H 2 O]·5H 2 O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̄ (C i 1 -No 2) with cell constants a = 806,7(4), b = 1468,4(8), c = 2317,9(8) pm, α = 72,36(4)°, β = 83,48 (3)°, γ = 81,99(4)°, and Z = 4. The nickel(II) center is in a distorted octahedral environment of a pentadentate TES ligand (N 3 O 2 ) and a coordinated H 2 O. Na[Cu(TES)] 3H 2 O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̄ (C i 1 -No 2) with cell constants a = 747,3(3), b - 1082,6(5), c = 1459,3(9) pm, α = 81,13(5)°, β = 84,75(4)°, γ = 79,39(3)°, and Z = 2. The copper(II) center is in a distorted quadratic pyramidal environment of a pentadentate TES ligand. Each of the complex anions contains one uncomplexed CH 2 -CH 2 -SO 3 -group.
Minimalist fault-tolerance techniques for mitigating single-event effects in non-radiation-hardened microcontrollers (1998)

Unstageable pressure injuries are widely understood to be full-thickness pressure injuries in which the base is obscured by slough and/or eschar. Correct identification of these pressure injuries can be challenging among health care professionals and, although treatments vary, débridement is key. Although the available research on unstageable pressure injuries is growing, there still is considerable need for advancements in the science regarding identification, treatment, and outcomes in critical care patients.
Nitrogen absorption in pancreatectomized patients: protein versus protein hydrolysate as substrate. (1989)

To investigate nitrogen absorption in the absence of the pancreas, six patients with total pancreatectomy, all in stable nutritional and metabolic condition, underwent two periods of enteral nutrition identical in all respects except for the nitrogen source. Nitrogen source was either lactalbumin or its hydrolysate. The quantity and quality of calories infused simulated the patient's usual diet, which was a high-protein diet (2.0 +/- 0.4 gm/kg body weight). Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy was discontinued during each period of enteral nutrition. All patients had greater nitrogen absorption during the enteral nutrition with lactalbumin hydrolysate than that with lactalbumin (91% +/- 2% vs 61% +/- 6% of nitrogen intake, p less than 0.02). Despite this difference in absorption, nitrogen balances during the two periods of enteral nutrition were not significantly different. This appeared to be caused by a urea production rate that was greater during the enteral nutrition with lactalbumin hydrolysate than the rate during that with lactalbumin (26 +/- 1 gm/24 hr vs 16 +/- 3 gm/24 hr, p less than 0.05). Plasma concentrations of amino acids and proteins did not differ significantly during the two treatments. In conclusion, the data suggest that (1) the intestine plays a significant role in protein digestion and that (2) enteral feeding with a protein hydrolysate could eliminate the need for a high-protein diet in patients with pancreatic insufficiency.
Integrated Full-Digital U-Interface Circuit for ISDN Subscriber Loops (1986)

Reasons for using the echo-cancellation (EC) technique for full-duplex two-wire transmission of ISDN signals are given. Analysis of the performances achievable with different codes, such as 3B/2T, MMS43, partial response class 4 (PR4), and diphase, justifies the final selection of MMS43. A full-digital integrated U-interface circuit with MMS43 code and with Barker codeword synchronization is described. First laboratory test results are presented.
Deep junction III–V solar cells with enhanced performance (2016)

The influence of junction depth in III–V solar cell structures was investigated for GaAs and InGaP cells. Typical III–V solar cells employ a shallow junction design. We have shown that for both investigated cell types, a deep junction close to the back of the cell structure performs better than shallow junction cells. At the maximum power point the deep junction cells operate mainly in the radiative recombination regime, while in the shallow junction cells non‐radiative recombination is dominant. The steeper slope of the IV curve boosts the fill‐factor by 3–4%, which is thereby the most improved cell parameter. In order to minimize collection losses in the upper part of the solar cell, the optimal thickness of the GaAs deep junction cell is only two‐thirds of a shallow junction cell. The associated lower cell current is more than compensated by the higher fill‐factor and open circuit voltage. The best deep junction GaAs cell shows a record efficiency of 26.5% for a GaAs cell on substrate. In the thinner InGaP deep junction cell the absence of current loss, leads to 1.6% higher efficiency than for the shallow junction cell.
How to help me get out of a gang: youth recommendations to family, school, community, and law enforcement systems (2015)

Research on juvenile gangs has focused predominantly on why adolescents are members of gangs rather than on how youths desist from gang involvement. Participants were recruited from a camp facility in central California. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research approach, four researchers reviewed 58 adolescent malesâ responses to six open-ended questions regarding how to help youths get out of gangs. These youths made six overarching recommendations: overall recommendations and those relating to school, family, community, law enforcement, and gang interventions. This article concludes with practical implications and future directions based on the integration of study results with the research literature.