gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling multi-user MIMO WLANs: The case for concurrent uplink control messages (2015)

Downlink Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) enables the simultaneous spatial sharing of the channel by multiple users to achieve a capacity gain over Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) systems. Unfortunately, the overhead required to enable multi-user MIMO is much higher than the overhead required for single-stream systems. Namely, for K users, collection of channel state information requires K transmission exchanges (i.e., O(K)) between the AP and users. Likewise, the MU-MIMO acknowledgement process also requires the same amount of exchanges, thus reducing the performance gains attained via simultaneous downlink transmission. In this paper, we design, implement, and experimentally evaluate Concurrent Uplink Control Messages (CUiC) to scale the MU-MIMO control information exchange process and improve the efficiency of 802.11ac-based MU-MIMO networks. Our key technique is the design of new channel sounding and acknowledgement mechanisms that enable multiple users to transmit their reverse-direction control messages (i.e., beamforming reports and acknowledgments) concurrently to the AP, in O(1) transmission slots. We implement CUiC and perform an extensive set of experiments and demonstrate throughput gains of more than 100% compared to 802.11ac.
Plasmid-Encoded <i>asp</i> Operon Confers a Proton Motive Metabolic Cycle Catalyzed by an Aspartate-Alanine Exchange Reaction (2002)

Tetragenococcus halophila D10 catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-aspartate with nearly stoichiometric release of L-alanine and CO(2). This trait is encoded on a 25-kb plasmid, pD1. We found in this plasmid a putative asp operon consisting of two genes, which we designated aspD and aspT, encoding an L-aspartate-beta-decarboxylase (AspD) and an aspartate-alanine antiporter (AspT), respectively, and determined the nucleotide sequences. The sequence analysis revealed that the genes of the asp operon in pD1 were in the following order: promoter --> aspD --> aspT. The deduced amino acid sequence of AspD showed similarity to the sequences of two known L-aspartate-beta-decarboxylases from Pseudomonas dacunhae and Alcaligenes faecalis. Hydropathy analyses suggested that the aspT gene product encodes a hydrophobic protein with multiple membrane-spanning regions. The operon was subcloned into the Escherichia coli expression vector pTrc99A, and the two genes were cotranscribed in the resulting plasmid, pTrcAsp. Expression of the asp operon in E. coli coincided with appearance of the capacity to catalyze the decarboxylation of aspartate to alanine. Histidine-tagged AspD (AspDHis) was also expressed in E. coli and purified from cell extracts. The purified AspDHis clearly exhibited activity of L-aspartate-beta-decarboxylase. Recombinant AspT was solubilized from E. coli membranes and reconstituted in proteoliposomes. The reconstituted AspT catalyzed self-exchange of aspartate and electrogenic heterologous exchange of aspartate with alanine. Thus, the asp operon confers a proton motive metabolic cycle consisting of the electrogenic aspartate-alanine antiporter and the aspartate decarboxylase, which keeps intracellular levels of alanine, the countersubstrate for aspartate, high.
Interleukin 2 enhances natural killer cell activity through induction of gamma interferon (1983)

Highly purified interleukin 2 (IL 2), free of interferon activity, enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity against tumor cells in mouse spleen cell cultures and in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures in a manner similar to that of interferon (IFN). We determined that IL 2 enhanced NK activity indirectly in a cascade manner by the induction of gamma IFN (IFN-gamma) in the cultures, which actually mediated the enhanced killing. Accordingly, lymphocyte cultures treated with IL 2 alone produced 10 to 100 U of IFN per ml in 6 to 24 h of culture. The IFN was typed as IFN-gamma by specific antibodies. Specific antibodies either to natural IFN-gamma or to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the human IFN-gamma N-terminal amino acids, when added to cultures treated with IL 2, completely blocked IL 2 enhancement of NK cell activity for both the mouse and human systems. IL 2-induced proliferation was not affected by the antibodies. Thus, the enhancement of NK cell activity by IL 2 is completely mediated by IL 2-induced IFN-gamma. The findings clearly indicate a cascade effect whereby one lymphokine (IL 2) induces the production of another. The latter lymphokine (IFN-gamma) then mediates an important biological effect (natural killing).
Designing Interaction Paradigms for Web-Information Search and Retrieval (2006)

As the complexity of the information available on the Web increases, the role of user-data interaction paradigms is becoming increasingly critical for the success of Web information retrieval. Recent years have witnessed significant advances in techniques for indexing and querying Web data. However, in the same period, limited advancements have been made in developing paradigms and researching algorithmic issues associated with the design of interfaces for Web-search. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm for enabling multiple-perspective query and interaction in Web search. Underlying the proposed metaphor are information and pattern analysis techniques that help determine semantic correlations between Web pages, identify and extract information critical for intuitive understanding and hypothesis generation, and support effective and multiple-perspective interactions between users and the data. We provide a comprehensive study on the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach in query-retrieval scenarios involving complex information goals. Our investigations point to the importance of developing novel ways to mediate interactions during Web-search and are useful in the development of the next generation of real-world solutions for Web information retrieval
Influential Observations, High Leverage Points, and Outliers in Linear Regression (1986)

A bewilderingly large number of statistical quantities have been proposed to study outliers and influence of individual observations in regression analysis. In this article we describe the inter-relationships which exist among the proposed measures. An examination of these relationships leads us to conclude that only three of these measures along with some graphical displays can provide an analyst a complete picture of outliers (major discrepant points) and points which excessively influence the fitted regression equation. Illustrative examples based on real data are presented.
Determination of Gas Transport Coefficients of Mixed Gases in 6FDA-TMPDA Polyimide by NMR Spectroscopy (2017)

The solubility and diffusion coefficients of pure carbon dioxide and its mixtures with methane, ethylene, and propylene in poly(4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (6FDA-TMPDA) membranes were determined with proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy and pulsed-field gradient NMR, respectively. In addition, the solubility and permeability of the pure gases in the polyimide membranes were also measured by sorption and permeation methods. The results showed that NMR measurements on pure gases are very reproducible and in relatively good agreement with those determined by the other methods. Furthermore, the NMR method allows the independent measurement of the solubility and diffusion coefficients for each component in mixtures of two or three gases and subsequently the gas permeability. The main conclusion of this work is that NMR spectroscopy is a suitable tool to determine all transport coefficients of multicomponent gas mixtures in polymer membranes, provided that gas molecules contain NMR observable nuclei.
Synthesis of Inorganic–Organic Diblock Copolymers as a Precursor of Ordered Mesoporous SiCN Ceramic (2007)

A novel poly(vinyl)silazane-block-polystyrene diblock copolymer is successfully synthesized by living free-radical polymerization via a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) route (see figure). The obtained diblock copolymer, having an inorganic volume fraction of 0.69, leads to phase-separation at the nanoscale to form an ordered nanostructure, which is converted to well-ordered mesoporous SiCN ceramic after heating at 800 °C and maintained up to 1400 °C.
Comparison of Ferromagnetic Materials: Past Work, Recent Trends, and Applications (2022)

Despite our traditional concept-based understanding of ferromagnetism, an investigation of this phenomenon has revealed several other facts. Ferromagnetism was previously supposed to be exhibited by only a few elements. Subsequently, it was realized that specific elements with d- or f- orbitals demonstrated this phenomenon. When elements without these orbitals exhibited ferromagnetism, intrinsic origin-based and structural defect-based theories were introduced. At present, nonmagnetic oxides, hexaborides of alkaline-earth metals, carbon structures, and nonmetallic non-oxide compounds are gaining significant attention owing to their potential applications in spintronics, electronics, biomedicine, etc. Therefore, herein, previous work, recent trends, and the applications of these materials and studies based on relevant topics, ranging from the traditional understanding of ferromagnetism to the most recent two-element-based systems, are reviewed.
Production of fumonisin B1 by Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13616 in submerged culture (1990)

Fumonisin B1, a recently discovered mycotoxin, was synthesized by submerged cultures of Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13616 grown for 29 days at 28 degrees C and 220 rpm in a basal salts medium (pH 5.0) supplemented with 90 g of glucose per liter and 3.5 g of ammonium sulfate per liter. Under these culture conditions, 74 +/- 23 micrograms of fumonisin B1 per ml was produced by 29-day-old F. moniliforme NRRL 13616 cultures. Fumonisin B1 was detected in liquid culture extracts by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Fumonisin B1 was confirmed and quantitated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectral analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivative. The use of a defined medium for producing fumonisin B1 in a submerged culture facilitates its isolation and provides an excellent method for conducting biosynthetic studies.
Ectopic Expression of an Amino Acid Transporter (VfAAP1) in Seeds of <i>Vicia narbonensis</i> and Pea Increases Storage Proteins (2005)

Storage protein synthesis is dependent on available nitrogen in the seed, which may be controlled by amino acid import via specific transporters. To analyze their rate-limiting role for seed protein synthesis, a Vicia faba amino acid permease, VfAAP1, has been ectopically expressed in pea (Pisum sativum) and Vicia narbonensis seeds under the control of the legumin B4 promoter. In mature seeds, starch is unchanged but total nitrogen is 10% to 25% higher, which affects mainly globulin, vicilin, and legumin, rather than albumin synthesis. Transgenic seeds in vitro take up more [14C]-glutamine, indicating increased sink strength for amino acids. In addition, more [14C] is partitioned into proteins. Levels of total free amino acids in growing seeds are unchanged but with a shift toward higher relative abundance of asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, and glutamate. Hexoses are decreased, whereas metabolites of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are unchanged or slightly lower. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-to-pyruvate kinase ratios are higher in seeds of one and three lines, indicating increased anaplerotic fluxes. Increases of individual seed size by 20% to 30% and of vegetative biomass indicate growth responses probably due to improved nitrogen status. However, seed yield per plant was not altered. Root application of [15N] ammonia results in significantly higher label in transgenic seeds, as well as in stems and pods, and indicates stimulation of nitrogen root uptake. In summary, VfAAP1 expression increases seed sink strength for nitrogen, improves plant nitrogen status, and leads to higher seed protein. We conclude that seed protein synthesis is nitrogen limited and that seed uptake activity for nitrogen is rate limiting for storage protein synthesis.
FASTER: Facilitating Analysis and Synthesis Technologies for Effective Reconfiguration (2012)

The FASTER project aims to ease the definition, implementation and use of dynamically changing hardware systems. Our motivation stems from the promise reconfigurable systems hold for achieving better performance and extending product functionality and lifetime via the addition of new features that work at hardware speed. This is a clear advantage over the more straightforward software component adaptivity. However, designing a changing hardware system is both challenging and time consuming. The FASTER project will facilitate the use of reconfigurable technology by providing a complete methodology that enables designers to easily specify, analyse, implement and verify applications on platforms with general-purpose processors and acceleration modules implemented in the latest reconfigurable technology. To better adapt to different application requirements, the tool-chain will support both region-based and micro-reconfiguration and provide a flexible run-time system that will efficiently manage the reconfigurable resources. We will use applications from the embedded, high performance computing, and desktop domains to demonstrate the potential benefits of the FASTER tools on metrics such as performance, power consumption and total ownership cost.
[Clinical application of bisphosphonate's pharmacokinetic principles]. (1997)

Bisphosphonates are a group of osteotropic substances able to modulate bone metabolism in different ways. They all display similar pharmacokinetic characteristics when administered in proportional dosages and assessed by similar methods. With the exception of olpadronate which is soluble in water, bisphosphonates have poor solubility, and may easily precipitate in the digestive media. In spite of their low digestive absorption (Bioavailability: 0.3-5%), they are effectively administered by oral route. Once in plasma they distribute rapidly, being uptaked by mineralized tissues, plasma proteins or eliminated by renal filtration in few minutes. The fraction retained in bones may be stored for long periods (from months up to 10 years depending on the compound) in an apparent inactive compartment. The risks of newly released molecules may be related to the potency of the drug. Within the clinical range of doses, bisphosphonates are not retained in soft tissues. This may explain the lack of extraskeletal collateral effects. Plasma blood levels are scarcely related to the clinical activity. Therefore, dosage may be guided better by biochemical markers of the bone disease than by the standard kinetic variables. On the other hand, dose is independent from age and/or body weight. Only renal impairment may induce additional dose adjustments.
Is Transcranial Doppler for the Detection of Venous-to-Arterial Circulation Shunts Reproducible? (2007)

Contrast TCD is reproducible and reliable for the detection of v-aCS. The addition of blood and 18 mixes rather than 6 significantly increased the number of microbubbles produced and may increase the effectiveness of microbubble contrast.
Controlled Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thione Derived from <scp>l</scp>-Serine (2003)

The cationic ring-opening polymerization of a 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione derivative (SL) from l-serine was examined. SL was synthesized by the reaction of l-serine methyl ester hydrochloride with carbon disulfide and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of triethylamine. Cationic polymerizations using methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfOMe), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), and boron trifluoride etherate (BF3·OEt2) as initiators gave polymers with polythiourethane structures in quantitative yields. The obtained polymers showed inverted specific rotations with respect to the monomer, where the large increase of the absolute values suggested the possibility of high-order structures. The molecular weight of the polymer was controlled by the feed ratio of SL to TfOMe and its distribution was constantly narrow (Mw/Mn < 1.14), supporting the controlled character of the polymerization. The reaction mechanism was examined for TfOMe. According to NMR spectroscopic experiments, the polymerization with TfOMe proceeds via an active chain end mechanism in which the protonated cyclic endo iminothiocarbonate 2 is the active species. The propagation step involves a nucleophilic attack of SL to the active species.
Amphotericin B and Fluconazole, a Potent Combination Therapy for Cryptococcal Meningitis (2004)

We evaluated the antifungal activities of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine, alone and in combination, in a murine model of cryptococcal meningitis. The objectives were to determine the greatest antifungal effects achievable with these drugs alone or in combination. Meningitis was established in male BALB/c mice weighing 23 to 25 g by intracerebral injection of Cryptococcus neoformans. Treatment was started on day 2. Amphotericin B was tested at 0.3 to 1.3 mg/kg of body weight/day by slow intravenous injection. Fluconazole at 10 to 40 mg/kg/day and flucytosine at 20 to 105 mg/kg/day were administered in the sole source of drinking water. The mice were killed at 16 days, and the numbers of fungal colonies in the brain were quantified. The association between the response and the dose combination was evaluated by local nonparametric response surface methods; 99% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the antifungal effects. Ninety-five percent of the mice treated with amphotericin B at 0.5 mg/kg survived to the end of the experiment, regardless of the fluconazole or flucytosine dose used. The greatest activity was seen with amphotericin B plus fluconazole with or without flucytosine. However, the addition of flucytosine did not increase the antifungal activity. Given the widespread availability of amphotericin B and fluconazole and the relative safety profile of fluconazole compared to that of flucytosine, the full potential of this two-drug combination deserves further evaluation.
Diagnostic Performance of Cyst Fluid Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Amylase in Histologically Confirmed Pancreatic Cysts (2010)

Cyst fluid CEA and amylase levels are suggestive but not diagnostic in differentiating PCLs. Unlike CEA, amylase may help differentiate benign from malignant mucinous cysts. Novel biomarkers are needed.
Synthesis and crystal structure of CuNb13O33 and phase analysis of the Cu-NbO2 system (1988)

CuNb 13 O 33 , 1 was prepared by a sealed tube reaction of NbO 2 , Cu 2 O and CuO. The compound was characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2m. The equimolar reaction of NbO 2 nad CuO gave a mass of cherry red crystals and two new Cu-Nb-O phases were discovered
Formation of RuO(OH)<sub>2</sub> on RuO<sub>2</sub>-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production (2014)

The catalytic and durable electrode coating of ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), applied on nickel (Ni) substrates, is today utilized as electrocatalytic cathodes for hydrogen production, e.g., in the chlor-alkali process and alkaline water electrolysis. The drawback is, however, the sensitivity to reverse currents obtained during power shutdowns, e.g., at maintenance, where the RuO2-based electrodes can be severely damaged unless polarization rectifiers are employed. Through the material characterization techniques X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we can now reveal that RuO2 coatings, when exposed to hydrogen evolution at industrially relevant conditions, transforms into ruthenium oxyhydroxide (RuO(OH)2). The study further shows that as the hydrogen evolution proceeds the formed RuO(OH)2 reduces to metallic ruthenium (Ru).
Multiple presentations of WWW documents using style sheets (1997)

We believe that complex documents can be better understood when the reader is able to choose a presentation style that suits the reader's task and situation. We have modified NCSA's WWW browser Mosaic so that it supports this type of user-centered presentation control. The primary change has been the addition of support for style sheets that specify the appearance of the HTML documents displayed by Mosaic. Our modified browser, called Multiple Presentation Mosaic or MPMosaic, supports a variety of presentation styles designed to address a wide range of user goals. Furthermore, it is capable of showing multiple presentations of the same document simultaneously. We conclude that the addition of style sheet support can add useful functionality to existing browsing and editing applications. 1.
High cell density fermentation of Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2003 for glycolic acid production (2009)

Gluconobacter oxydans has a lower biomass yield. Uniform design (UD) was applied to determine the optimum composition of the critical media and their mutual interactions for increased biomass yield of Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2003 in shake flasks. Fed-batch fermentation process for biomass was optimized in a 3.7-l fermentor. By undertaking a preliminary and improved fed-batch fermentation-process strategy, a cell density of 6.0 g/l (DCW) was achieved in 22 h and 14.1 g/l (DCW) in 35 h, which is the highest cell density of G. oxydans produced thus far in a 3.7-l bioreactor. The biomass production was increased by 135% compared with that using the original cultivation strategy. Bioconversion of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid was catalyzed by the resting cells of G. oxydans DSM 2003, and conversion rate reached 86.7% in 48 h. In summary, the approach including high-density fermentation of G. oxydans DSM 2003 and bioconversion process was established and proved to be an effective method for glycolic acid production.
Tidal breath analysis for infant pulmonary function testing (2000)

The aim of this position paper is to provide recommendations pertaining to software and equipment requirements when analysing tidal breathing measurements in infants. These guidelines cover numerous aspects including terminology and definitions, equipment, data acquisition and analysis, and reporting of results, and highlight areas in which further research is needed before consensus can be reached. When collecting tidal breathing data in infants and children, equipment dead space and resistance must be minimized, all sources of leak eliminated, and a flowmeter with appropriate frequency response and linearity employed. Inspired gases should be corrected to body temperature, barometric pressure and saturated with water vapour conditions and efforts made to eliminate the various sources of drift in volume that can occur. In addition, the analogue-to-digital converter used to sample data must be capable of adequately resolving the highest and lowest flows required by the study. An adequate sampling rate must be used; 50-100 Hz may be sufficient for the determination of timing and volume parameters, especially in older infants, but rates of 200 Hz are recommended for analysis of the tidal breathing flow/volume loop and other sensitive parameters such as time to peak tidal expiratory flow/expiratory time. The potentially most troublesome aspect of tidal breath analysis from the computational point of view is the identification of the beginning and end of inspiration and expiration. Once methods and equipment for the measurement and analysis of tidal breathing in infants have been standardized, there is an urgent need to establish appropriate reference ranges for various key parameters so that they may be used more effectively in the clinical setting. Implementation of these recommendations should help to ensure that such measurements are as accurate as possible and that more meaningful comparisons can be made between data collected in different centres or with different equipment.