gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and Synthetic Applications of (3-Pyridinylchloromethyl)lithium (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTGeneration and Synthetic Applications of (3-Pyridinylchloromethyl)lithiumSaverio FlorioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 26, 9636Publication Date (Web):December 27, 1996Publication History Published online27 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9640229https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9640229correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generalised approach to the recognition of structurally similar handwritten characters using multiple expert classifiers (1997)

It is observed that a particular classifier using a particular set of features will generally exhibit a greater probability of confusion among certain character classes than among others. In general these confusion classes are a substantial source of error in the overall performance of the classifier. A productive way to deal with the problem is to separate these characters and reprocess them further in an independent secondary stage in the framework of a multiple expert configuration. The philosophy is to use multiple classifiers to re-evaluate these relatively difficult characters by treating them as special and specific problem cases. In extending special treatment to these characters, advantage can be taken of distinctive structural features to design tailor-made algorithms suited to a particular problem. Since such classifiers are required to deal only with a limited number of classes, very versatile classifiers can be implemented. The main difficulty of this philosophy is to devise a way to group characters together to make sure that these specialised classifiers receive a stream of input characters which indeed belong to the particular group of characters associated with that particular classifier. The authors present a general philosophy for multi-expert classification and deal with the specific problem of formation of distinctive character streams with a high degree of confidence. It then elaborates on other techniques and variations that can be adopted to make this type of multiple expert configuration more effective.
WRC-19 Issues: Agenda Item 1.15 and the Use of 275–450 GHz (2016)

In this column we focus on Agenda Item 1.15. Future columns will deal with other agenda items. Agenda Item 1.15 will “consider identification of frequency bands for use by administrations for the land-mobile and fixed services applications operating in the frequency range 275-450 GHz, in accordance with Resolution 767(WRC-15)” This item was adopted at WRC-15 as a compromise between two multinational initiatives. The first was an initiative from Japan that was adopted by the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity, a regional intergovernmental/indistry organization that “operates in conjunction with telecom service providers, manufacturers of communications equipment, and research and development organizations active in the field of communication, information and innovation technologies”.
Patterns of Astroglial Hypertrophy and Neuronal Degeneration in the Hippocampus of Aged, Memory-deficient Rats (1977)

The brains of aged and young Fischer rats were examined using a modified version of Cajal's gold chloride stain for astrocytes. A sizable loss of pyramidal cells and remarkably hypertrophic astrocytes were found in the hippocampus of the aged animals, while the astrocytic changes were not seen in other forebrain regions. Four major characteristics of the pattern of hippocampal astrogliosis were noted: (1) the astrocytes were often found to be grouped in clusters; (2) grouped astrocytes were commonly seen to have similarly oriented processes; (3) small blood vessels were more often stained in regions of pyramidal cell degeneration and astroglial hypertrophy; and (4) reactive astrocytes were in several instances found to be gathered on the "border" between deteriorated regions and healthier appearing areas. This pattern was interpreted to suggest that the astrocyte clusters may be analogous to senile plaques. Since the aged Fischer animals have previously been found to exhibit retention deficits, the possibility that the hippocampal pathology is related to impaired memory in these animals was raised.
Urban Police and Crime in Nineteenth-Century America (1992)

While much new work has been done over the past decade to add to our knowledge of nineteenth-century police and crime, the field is still not as "useful" to policymakers as might be hoped. Two trends observable ten years ago are even clearer now: the productive use of other "social sciences" to enrich more traditional approaches to history, and paradoxically, the failure of "social science" to answer some of the most important questions in the field. The history of police, first, is subject to the kinds of controversy, mostly involving class and politics, familiar throughout academe. With allowance for these, it can still be reconstructed in ways that most historians and laymen can recognize. The study of crime, however, is much more difficult. Some of the difficulty results from ideology and political differences that make even definition problematic; the nineteenth century and the late twentieth were concerned, often, with very different kinds of "crime," and in neither period was or is there a consensus on morality or priorities. The problem of quantification is even more difficult, as we grow increasingly aware of holes in the record that make it impossible to answer natural questions about the comparative extent of various offenses, then and now. What is offered here, finally, is, at best, a series of educated guesses.
Oxidative Group Transfer to Co(I) Affords a Terminal Co(III) Imido Complex (2002)

The synthesis of the first terminal imido complex of cobalt, [PhBP3]CoN-p-tolyl, is reported. Its synthesis proceeds by oxidative group transfer from cobalt(I) upon addition of tolyl azide at room temperature. This species and a related eta1-diazoalkane adduct have been structurally characterized. The diamagnetic imido complex [PhBP3]CoN-p-tolyl reacts with CO to liberate isocyanate and the cobalt(I) dicarbonyl complex [PhBP3]Co(CO)2.
Localization of the VP2 Protein of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 on the Baculovirus Envelop and Its Immunogenicity in a Mouse Model (2012)

In this study, the full-length VP2 gene of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was cloned into the pBacSC vector which possesses baculovirus transmembrane domain (gp64 TM) gene, baculovirus cytoplasmic domain (gp64 CTD) gene, and green florescence protein (GFP) gene. Baculovirus gp64 TM and gp64 CTD in the pBacSC vector were designed to display heterologous proteins on the baculovirus envelope. After cloning the VP2 gene of CPV-2 into pBacSC vector, the recombinant plasmid pBacSC-VP2 was transformed into E. coli DH10Bac competent cells to form recombinant bacmid DNA. One recombinant baculovirus BacSC-VP2 that expresses the VP2 protein of CPV-2 was obtained. Confocal microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy were used to verify whether VP2 expressing on baculovirus envelope or cell membrane. Immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant baculovirus BacSC-VP2, demonstrated that serum from the BacSC-VP2 treated models had higher levels of virus neutralization titers than the control groups. The results show that the recombinant baculovirus BacSC-VP2 can induce a strong immune response in a mouse model, suggesting that the pseudotyped baculovirus BacSC-VP2 can serve as a potential vaccine against CPV infections.
Chemical composition of carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.) cultivated in Turkey: characterization of the seed oil and essential oil (2007)

Chemical composition and physical properties were established in carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds from Konya, Turkey to investigate their potential uses. Mature seeds were evaluated for moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude fiber, ash, HCl-insoluble ash, total carbohydrate, essential oil yield and weight of 1000 seeds. Also, relative density, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter were determined in the seed oil. The main fatty acids identified by gas chromatography were petroselinic (59.35%), linoleic (11,82%), palmitic (10.01%) and stearic (2.41%) acids. Mineral contents (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Se, Sr, V and Zn) of seeds were also determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The seeds were found to be rich in protein, fiber and ash. The essential oil and edible oil compositions of carrot seeds from Konya were investigated by GC and GC-MS. The oil yields of essential and edible oil from carrot seeds were established as 0.83% and 7.84%, respectively. The major constituents of seed essential oil were carotol (66.78%), daucene (8.74)%, (Z,Z)--farnesene (5.86%), germacrene D (2.34%), trans--bergamotene (2.41%) and -selinene (2.20%). Whereas, carotol (30.55%), daucol (12.60%) and copaenol (0.62%) were the important components of edible carrot seed oil. However, the dominant component of both oils was carotol.
Cooperation of GroEL/GroES and DnaK/DnaJ heat shock proteins in preventing protein misfolding in Escherichia coli. (1992)

Newly synthesized proteins aggregate extensively in Escherichia coli rpoH mutants, which are deficient in the heat shock proteins (hsp). Overproduction of either GroEL and GroES or DnaK and DnaJ prevents aggregation. If expressed together, the four hsp are effective at physiological concentrations. Our data suggest that the GroEL and GroES proteins and the DnaK and DnaJ proteins have complementary functions in the folding and assembly of most proteins.
Broadcast scheduling (2011)

Broadcast Scheduling is a popular method for disseminating information in response to client requests. There are n pages of information, and clients request pages at different times. However, multiple clients can have their requests satisfied by a single broadcast of the requested page. In this article, we consider several related broadcast scheduling problems. One central problem we study simply asks to minimize the maximum response time (over all requests). Another related problem we consider is the version in which every request has a release time and a deadline, and the goal is to maximize the number of requests that meet their deadlines. While approximation algorithms for both these problems were proposed several years back, it was not known if they were NP-complete. One of our main results is that both these problems are NP-complete. In addition, we use the same unified approach to give a simple NP-completeness proof for minimizing the sum of response times. A very complicated proof was known for this version. Furthermore, we give a proof that FIFO is a 2-competitive online algorithm for minimizing the maximum response time (this result had been claimed earlier with no proof) and that there is no better deterministic online algorithm (this result was claimed earlier as well, but with an incorrect proof).
Melatonergic drugs in development (2014)

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is widely known as "the darkness hormone". It is a major chronobiological regulator involved in circadian phasing and sleep-wake cycle in humans. Numerous other functions, including cyto/neuroprotection, immune modulation, and energy metabolism have been ascribed to melatonin. A variety of studies have revealed a role for melatonin and its receptors in different pathophysiological conditions. However, the suitability of melatonin as a drug is limited because of its short half-life, poor oral bioavailability, and ubiquitous action. Due to the therapeutic potential of melatonin in a wide variety of clinical conditions, the development of new agents able to interact selectively with melatonin receptors has become an area of great interest during the last decade. Therefore, the field of melatonergic receptor agonists comprises a great number of structurally different chemical entities, which range from indolic to nonindolic compounds. Melatonergic agonists are suitable for sleep disturbances, neuropsychiatric disorders related to circadian dysphasing, and metabolic diseases associated with insulin resistance. The results of preclinical studies on animal models show that melatonin receptor agonists can be considered promising agents for the treatment of central nervous system-related pathologies. An overview of recent advances in the field of investigational melatonergic drugs will be presented in this review.
Analytical Solution for Optimal Mass Flow Rate in Primary Circuit of Ground-coupled Heat Pump Systems (2017)

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems extract heat or cold from the ground by circulating a heat carrier uid (HCF) in a ground heat exchanger and inject this energy in buildings. This paper shows that there exists an optimal HCF ow rate which minimizes the energy use of such systems. The paper proposes an analytical solution for the optimal ow rate as a function of measurable variables, system parameters and data that can easily be derived from manufacturer data sheets. The analytical solution is validated using a detailed simulation model representing an existing GSHP system of 99 boreholes with a depth of 30m.
An experimental study of acoustic adaptation algorithms (2002)

There has been much interest in the area of adaptation for improved speech recognition in the presence of mismatches between the training and testing conditions. We focus on transformation-based maximum-likelihood (ML) adaptation. Some of the important adaptation parameters include whether the adaptation is performed in the feature-space or model-space, and whether the adaptation is supervised or unsupervised. An additional parameter is the adaptation data. For example adaptation may be performed using an independent dataset or the test data itself. The latter is referred to as transcription-mode adaptation. We experimentally study the effect of these various parameters, and report on our findings.
2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous mammalian metabolite, inhibits tubulin polymerization by interacting at the colchicine site. (1994)

A metabolite of estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), inhibits angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Since 2ME causes mitotic perturbations, we examined its interactions with tubulin. In our standard 1.0 M glutamate system (plus 1.0 mM MgCl2 at 37 degrees C), superstoichiometric concentrations (relative to tubulin) of 2ME inhibited the nucleation and propagation phases of tubulin assembly but did not affect the reaction extent. Although polymer formed in the presence of 2ME was more cold-stable than control polymer, morphology was little changed. Under suboptimal reaction conditions (0.8 M glutamate/no MgCl2 at 26 degrees C), substoichiometric 2ME totally inhibited polymerization. No other estrogenic compound was as effective as 2ME as an inhibitor of polymerization or of the binding of colchicine to tubulin. Inhibition of colchicine binding was competitive (Ki, 22 microM). Thus, a mammalian metabolite of estradiol binds to the colchicine site of tubulin and, depending on reaction conditions, either inhibits assembly or seems to be incorporated into a polymer with altered stability properties.
Is Efficiency Expensive (2007)

We study the simultaneous optimization of efficiency and revenue in pay-per-click keyword auctions in a Bayesian setting. Our main result is that the efficient keyword auction yields near-optimal revenue even under modest competition. In the process, we build on classical results in auction theory to prove that increasing the number of bidders by the number of slots outweighs the benefit of employing the optimal reserve price.
Supramolecular Linear Conglomerates Formed by β-Cyclodextrin Dimers and Sodium Deoxycholate (2002)

The formation of supramolecular structures by the complexation of two bile salts--sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC)--with four new head-to-head g -cyclodextrin dimers was studied by NMR techniques. All dimers form 1:2 (dimer:bile salt) stoichiometry complexes with NaC. With NaDC, linear supramolecular conglomerates of an n : n stoichiometry were obtained for all dimers. ROESY spectra confirmed the presence of electrostatic interactions when a protonated amino group is present in the linking group. The dependence of the pseudo-equilibrium constants with the electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance is discussed.
Quality assurance programmes in the United Kingdom. (1995)

Quality assurance in laboratory medicine includes: a) constant checking of test reliability by internal quality control (IQC), b) external quality assessment (EQA) by an independent agency to check performance of a number of laboratories at intervals in order to obtain a retrospective indication of their performance, and c) proficiency control by supervision of pre-test and post-test phases of laboratory work, from specimen collection to delivery of report to the clinician. In the UK the majority of laboratories are aware of the importance of IQC and to a greater or lesser extent they all perform some IQC procedures. These are briefly described, with special reference to the special requirements of haematology. A description is also given of the organizational structure of the EQA scheme which was established in the UK at a national level (UK NEQAS). This has an important role in ensuring good laboratory practice in both the national health service and the private sector.
In vitro action of combinations of antimicrobial agents with EDTA-tromethamine on Proteus vulgaris of a canine origin. (1984)

Combinations of EDTA-tromethamine and 7 antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, oxytetracycline, penicillin, polymyxin-B, streptomycin, or a combination of sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, and sulfathiazole) were tested for synergistic activities against Proteus vulgaris of canine origin. Three in vitro tests were used, including minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs, a 2-dimensional microtiter checkerboard technique, and bacterial inhibition studies. A synergistic inhibitory action was observed with combinations of EDTA-tromethamine plus penicillin, oxytetracycline, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, polymyxin-B, or sulfamethazine-sulfapyridine-sulfathiazole by at least one test system. A synergistic effect was not recorded with combinations of EDTA-tromethamine and streptomycin. Poor correlation between data from the 3 test systems was noticed, despite the fact that each monitors bacteriostatic end points.
A local maximum intensity projection tracing of vasculature in Knife-Edge Scanning Microscope volume data (2009)

A local maximum intensity projection (MIP) approach to the extraction of a 3D vascular network, acquired by the Knife-Edge Scanning Microscope (KESM), is presented. We build a local volume for local MIP processing at each tracing step in order to reduce the dimension of input data from 3D to 2D, which leads to a 65.22% reduction of computation time compared to 3D tracing method. The proposed method makes use of existing 2D tracing methods, extending them into a 3D tracing method. Our experimental results show that our approach can rapidly and accurately extract the medial axis of vascular data acquired by the KESM.
Can VEGF-B Be Used to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases? (2011)

Studies on vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) during the past decade or so have shown that VEGF-B appears to be a mysterious molecule with obscure, if not controversial, functions. When VEGF-B was initially discovered Much of our research effort was focused on this speculated angiogenic activity of VEGF-B for a long time. However, studies into this aspect, most of the time, turned out to be disappointing because of the negative findings. Unlike VEGF-A, VEGF-B did not seem to play a significant role in inducing blood vessel growth or vascular permeability, etc In addition, VEGF-B deficiency in mice did not seem to matter greatly, since VEGF-Bnull mice appeared largely healthy (Aase et al.,
Elemental composition and chemical characteristics of five edible nuts (almond, Brazil, pecan, macadamia and walnut) consumed in Southern Africa (2007)

The total elemental concentrations and proximate chemical composition of five different tree nuts, almond (Prunus dulcus), Brazil (Bertholletia excelsa), pecan (Carya pecan), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and walnut (Juglans nigra) that are consumed in South African households were investigated. In addition, six physicochemical properties of the extracted nut oils, namely acid value, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, density and specific gravity were evaluated. A high concentration of Se (36.1 +/- 0.4 microg g(- 1)) was found in the Brazil nuts only. With maximum and minimum limits being set by the almond and pecan nut samples, Cr ranging from 0.94 +/- 0.14-2.02 +/- 0.07 microg g(- 1) was detected in the nut samples. Generally, the order of the concentrations of the elements in all the nut samples is found to be Mg > Ca > Fe > Cu > Cr > As > Se. The concentrations of Mn and Zn showed greater variation amongst the different types of nuts. The extracted oils showed low acid values and high saponification values with the macadamia nut sample having the highest oil content (76.0 +/- 0.5 g per 100 g of sample), the lowest acid value (0.42 +/- 0.01 mg KOH per g of oil) and highest saponification value (193.7 +/- 2.4 mg KOH per g of oil). The present findings are useful in calculating the Dietary Reference Intakes of these nutrients.