gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Open and Closed Metallacages Using Novel Tripodal Ligands:  Unusually Stable Silver(I) Inclusion Compound (2003)

The tripodal ligand 1,3,5-(CH3)3C6[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]3 (L1, pz=pyrazolyl ring) reacts with AgBF4 to yield ([L12Ag3(CH3CN)](BF4)3).(CH3CN)4, an inclusion complex in which the encapsulated acetonitrile cannot escape the triangular cage unit in either the solid or solution phase. The analogous hexatopic ligand C6[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]6 forms a 2-dimensional polymer composed of similar triangular cage units, again with the encapsulation of one acetonitrile molecule, linked by the additional tris(pyrazolyl)methane units. In contrast, the complex formed with L1 and Cd2+ has a double, open cage structure holding two diethyl ether molecules.
Effects of SiN passivation and high-electric field on AlGaN-GaN HFET degradation (2003)

The authors report on the effects of silicon nitride (SiN) surface passivation and high-electric field stress (hot electron stress) on the degradation of undoped AlGaN-GaN power HFETs. Stressed devices demonstrated a decrease in the drain current and maximum transconductance and an increase in the parasitic drain series resistance, gate leakage, and subthreshold current. The unpassivated devices showed more significant degradation than SiN passivated devices. Gate lag phenomenon was observed from unpassivated devices and removed by SiN passivation. However, SiN passivated devices also showed gate lag phenomena after high-electric field stress, which suggests possible changes in surface trap profiles occurred during high-electric field stress test.
Failure of Chains by Bending on Deepwater Mooring Systems (2005)

Abstract Following the unexpected rupture of chains in the chainhawse of the Girassol buoy after only half a year of service a new bending fatigue mechanism of failure has been identified for mooring systems with high pretensions. The premature rupture was caused by bending fatigue of the first free chain link inside the chainhawse. Although the mooring system had been designed according to offshore industry standards, it failed due to this bending fatigue mode. Since this failure, SBM has studied this bending phenomenon in its laboratory and redesigned both the top chain segment size and the hawse connection, which now includes a new Connecting Arm. The main changes brought about by the Girassol incident are:–Doubly articulated chain stopper,–Use of very low friction bushings in chain stoppers,–Increased lever arm length between articulation and first chain link,–Increased chain diameter. This paper summarizes the methodology developed to estimate the fatigue damage in the chain subjected to bending. The methodology is then applied to the design of the CCA of the Girassol buoy. Although the methodology accurately predicts the fatigue failures of Girassol, it tends to be overly conservative when applied to other systems. The source of this conservatism is still being investigated and is currently the subject of further testing in the SBM Laboratory. Introduction The Girassol Loading Buoy was installed in September 2001 on Block 17 of the "Girassol" oil field situated offshore Angola, in 1350 m, water depth at Buoy location. The Buoy allows the export, via 2 mid-water 16" Export Lines, of the stabilized crude oil processed onboard the nearby FPSO, moored 1 nautical mile away, south of the Buoy. TOTAL E&P Angola operates both Loading Buoy and FPSO systems. SONANGOL is concessionnaire of the field. Block 17 is developped by a Group of Partners involving TOTAL E&P ANGOLA, ESSO ANGOLA, BP, STATOIL and NORSK HYDRO. The Buoy is anchored to the seabed by means of 3 groups of 3 anchor legs. Before the incident, the anchor legs were composed of co-linear segments of 81 mm studded chains and 130 mm diameter polyester ropes. Within one group, the Legs are spread 5° apart, while each group is spread 120° apart (see Figure 1). The Legs are numbered B1, B2, and B3 for the West group, B4, B5, B6 for the North group and B7, B8, B9 for the East group. The chain segments are situated at the upper and lower ends of the anchor legs, i.e. respectively at the Buoy connection and at the Anchor Pile connection. In May 2002, i.e. 235 days after the buoy installation, the anchor legs B4, B5 and B6 broke almost simultaneously, followed one month later by the rupture of the anchor leg B1. The ruptures in B4, B6 and B1 occurred exactly at the same location, i.e. at the 5th link of the Upper Chain Segment connected to the Buoy inside SBM standard-type "curved chainhawses", while Leg B5 broke in the Upper Rope Segment.
High energy-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy study on the near-infrared scattering mechanism of Cs0.33WO3 crystals and nanoparticles (2012)

The optical and dielectric properties of cesium-doped hexagonal tungsten trioxide (Cs0.33WO3) bulk crystal and nanoparticles, which are employed in solar heat-shielding filter, were investigated by high energy-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HR-EELS). The EELS spectrum of a Cs0.33WO3 crystal showed a prominent peak at 1.2 eV and a subpeak at 1.7 eV. On the basis of the dielectric function derived from the EELS spectrum, the peaks at 1.2 eV and 1.7 eV were assigned to the volume plasmon excitation of the carrier electrons and electronic excitation, respectively. The EELS spectra of the edge region of individual Cs0.33WO3 nanoparticles exhibited a surface dipole plasmon peak at 0.88 eV and a shoulder structure at 1.4 eV, which corresponded with the optical scattering spectrum. Therefore, it was confirmed that the optical scattering of the filter in the near-infrared region resulted from a surface dipole mode of the plasmon oscillation of the nanoparticles. The peak energies in the experimental spectra of the nanoparticle could not be reproduced by the derived dielectric function of the Cs0.33WO3 crystal. On the basis of the EELS and annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy observations, this inconsistent result was attributed to Cs atom deficiency in the surface region of the nanoparticles.
Image segmentation using fuzzy rules derived from K-means clusters (1995)

Image segmentation is one of the most important steps in computerized systems for analyzing geographic map images. We present a segmentation technique, based on fuzzy rules derived from the K-means clusters, that is aimed at achieving human-like performance. In this technique, the K-means clustering algorithm is first used to obtain mixed-class clusters of training examples, whose centers and variances are then used to determine membership functions. Based on the derived membership functions, fuzzy rules are learned from the K-means cluster centers. In the map image segmentation, we make use of three features, difference intensity, standard deviation, and a measure of the local contrast, to classify each pixel to the foreground, which consists of character and fine patterns, and to the background. A centroid defuzzification algorithm is adopted in the classification step. Experimental results on a database of 22 gray-scale map images show that the technique achieves good and reliable results, and is compared favorably with an adaptive thresholding method. By using K-means clustering, we can build a segmentation system of fewer rules that achieves a segmentation quality similar to that of using the uniformly distributed triangular membership functions with the fuzzy rules learned from all the training examples.
Antibacterial Applications of Nanodiamonds (2016)

Bacterial infectious diseases, sharing clinical characteristics such as chronic inflammation and tissue damage, pose a major threat to human health. The steady increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections adds up to the current problems modern healthcare is facing. The treatment of bacterial infections with multi-resistant germs is very difficult, as the development of new antimicrobial drugs is hardly catching up with the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens. These and other considerations have generated an increased interest in the development of viable alternatives to antibiotics. A promising strategy is the use of nanomaterials with antibacterial character and of nanostructures displaying anti-adhesive activity against biofilms. Glycan-modified nanodiamonds (NDs) revealed themselves to be of great promise as useful nanostructures for combating microbial infections. This review summarizes the current efforts in the synthesis of glycan-modified ND particles and evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities.
A coaxial antenna with miniaturized choke for minimally invasive interstitial heating (2003)

We present a new coaxial antenna for microwave interstitial coagulative therapy, working at 2450 MHz and endowed with a miniaturized sleeve choke in order to reduce back heating effects and make the system response less dependent on the antenna insertion depth into the tissue; the way the choke is implemented makes the overall transversal size minimum and allows small adjustments of the choke section length even during operation. We describe the main technical features of the antenna and show experimental results clearly proving the choke effectiveness. Numerical simulations well agree with experimental data, confirming the suitability of the proposed device for minimally invasive medical applications.
Early Turn-Taking Prediction for Human Robot Collaboration (2018)

To enable natural and fluent human robot collaboration, it is critical for a robot to comprehend their human partners’ on-going actions, predict their behaviors in the near future, and plan its actions accordingly. Specifically, the capability of making early predictions can allow robots to determine the precise timing of turn-taking events and start planning and executing preparative tasks to take the turn. Such proactive behavior would save waiting time and increase efficiency and naturalness in collaborative tasks. To that end, this dissertation presents the design and implementation of an early turn-taking prediction framework, centered around physical human robot collaboration tasks. The prediction framework leverages multimodal communication cues (both explicit and implicit cues) to reason about human’s incoming turn-taking intentions. After such intent is recognized, the robot would proactively engage interaction with the human to accelerate the turn switch process, aiming to increase collaboration fluency. The developed framework was evaluated in two important scenarios, the first one is healthcare where a robotic scrub nurse delivers surgical instruments to surgeons in the operating room. The second one is manufacturing where a robotic assembly assistant delivers assembly parts and tools to the human worker on the manufacturing floor. Throughout the comprehensive evaluation, it was found that the proposed turn-taking prediction framework outperformed the state-of-the-art computational alternatives in its accuracy and earliness of spotting out the correct human turn-taking intention. When compared to homogeneous human teams’ performance, the proposed algorithm is found to yield better prediction accuracies when partial temporal information is available. Such behavior indicates the proposed algorithm’s advantage in recognizing an underlying human intention that is not fully revealed yet, thus featuring its “early” capability. The robotic assistants equipped with turn-taking intelligence has been found to generate higher collaboration fluencies, shorter task completion times, more proactive behavior, and higher level of trust with robot partner, compared to the alternatives without such capability
Repeatability of Barkhausen transitions in thin films (1994)

Barkhausen transition fields for anisotropic Permalloy films, measured by the resonance enhancement technique, were found to be a function of the maximum field to which a sample was subjected before the occurrence of these transitions. In these experiments, the Barkhausen transitions were monitored after repeated cycling of the field applied along the easy axis between given maximum positive and negative values to obtain a nearly repeatable initial state. For a film with an H/sub c/ of 1.4 oe, the Barkhausen transition fields for repeated passes through Hc differed from each other by no more than 4.2% if the field was cycled between /spl plusmn/48 oe. For a cycling field between /spl plusmn/22.5 oe, the corresponding deviation increased to 9.9%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A chip multiprocessor for a large-scale neural simulator (2013)

A Chip Multiprocessor for a Large-scale Neural SimulatorEustace PainkrasA thesis submitted to The University of Manchesterfor the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 17 December 2012The modelling and simulation of large-scale spiking neural networks in biologicalreal-time places very high demands on computational processing capabilities andcommunications infrastructure. These demands are difficult to satisfy even with powerfulgeneral-purpose high-performance computers. Taking advantage of the remarkableprogress in semiconductor technologies it is now possible to design and buildan application-driven platform to support large-scale spiking neural network simulations.This research investigates the design and implementation of a power-efficientchip multiprocessor (CMP) which constitutes the basic building block of a spikingneural network modelling and simulation platform. The neural modelling requirementsof many processing elements, high-fanout communications and local memoryare addressed in the design and implementation of the low-level modules in the designhierarchy as well as in the CMP. By focusing on a power-efficient design, the energyconsumption and related cost of SpiNNaker, the massively-parallel computation engine,are kept low compared with other state-of-the-art hardware neural simulators.The SpiNNaker CMP is composed of many simple power-efficient processors withsmall local memories, asynchronous networks-on-chip and numerous bespoke modulesspecifically designed to serve the demands of neural computation with a globallyasynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) architecture.The SpiNNaker CMP, realised as part of this research, fulfills the demands of neuralsimulation in a power-efficient and scalable manner, with added fault-tolerancefeatures. The CMPs have, to date, been incorporated into three versions of SpiNNakersystem PCBs with up to 48 chips onboard. All chips on the PCBs are performing successfully, during both functional testing and their targeted role of neural simulation.
Some Factors Which Affect Octane Requirement Increase (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The influence of selected engine oil, fuel, and driving schedule variables on combustion chamber deposits and octane requirement increase (ORI) has been investigated during vehicle fleet tests with late model cars.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Greater octane requirement increases occurred with: (a) an engine oil containing bright stock compared to an engine oil without bright stock, (b) an unleaded fuel which contained a polymeric detergent-dispersant additive with a large amount of carrier oil, compared to other unleaded fuels with conventional additive packages, and (c) customer-type driving compared to rapid mileage accumulation on a chassis dynamometer. Octane requirement increase was not affected by: (a) lead content of the fuel; or (b) ashless engine oil compared to a conventional ash-containing oil.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">All of the ORI with unleaded fuel can be eliminated by removing the combustion chamber deposits, and about two-thirds of the ORI is caused by deposit accumulation in the end-gas region of the chamber. In late model cars using unleaded fuel, about ten percent of the ORI is due to the volume effect of deposits and the other 90 percent is probably due to thermal effects.</div>
Sequence Comparison between Kidney and Liver Lesions in the Rat following Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning (1964)

From the Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, and the University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Ore.
A new transmission and multiple access scheme based on multicarrier cdma for future highly mobile networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a new transmission and resource allocation technique on multicarrier direct-sequence CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA). The proposed system allocates subcarriers and spreading codes to users by considering their current bandwidth requirements and frequency shifts caused by their movement. Through the use of low-correlation spreading codes in close subcarriers the scheme reduces the inter-carrier interference generated by high-speed users while keeping the inter-symbol interference at a low level due to the multicarrier transmission. The analysis and results show that a substantial mitigation of both the intercarrier interference and bit error ratio, without reducing the system bandwidth efficiency, can be achieved. That makes our proposed method a god candidate for future broadband highly-mobile networks.
Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and CTC subpopulations in progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2014)

132 Background: Numerous resistance mechanisms have been postulated in progressive mCRPC. Determining the presence of putative predictive biomarkers in patients requires a real-time tumor assessment because the biology changes under the influence of the specific therapy(ies) that a patient (Pt) has received. We examined CTC and CTC subpopulation incidence and molecular characterization of tumors from Pts with progressive mCRPC to assess if determinants of resistance can be assessed through a CTC test. Methods: 48 samples from 21 unique progressive mCRPC pts treated with androgen receptor targeted (AR tx) therapies, 9 (43%) on Abiraterone plus Prednisone (AA+P) and 12 (57%) on Enzalutamide (E). Samples were collected and shipped to Epic Sciences, where cells were stained and CTC identified by fluorescent scanners and algorithmic analysis. CTCs, defined as classic (CK+ CD45- w/intact DAPI nuclei and distinct), apopotic (CK+, CD45-, non-intact nuclei) and CK- (CK-, CD45-, intact and distinct) were identified. CTCs reported per mL of blood and were examined for AR, PTEN & ERG. CTC data were analyzed in context of PSA, Veridex CTC (reported per 7.5mL of blood), and clinical history. Results: With Epic, all 21 pts had detectable CTCs (mdn 23 cells/ml, range 2 to 249), whereas with Veridex, 14 (67%) pts had > 5 CTC/7.5 ml (mdn 5 cells/7.5 ml, range 0 to >200). 0/7 (0%) with high AR responded to AA+P or E, 8/14 (53%) with low AR had a PSA decline and stable radiographic disease (median follow-up 12 wks). Variations in AR protein expression and localization heterogeneity was seen in all pts to varying degrees. 6/21 (29%) Pts demonstrated CK- CTC/CTC ratio >50% (mdn 9 cells/ml, range 5-38). ERG rearrangement and PTEN loss were correlated. Conclusions: Epic CTC analysis provides higher detection rates, while enabling individual cell analyses for predictive biomarkers of sensitivity to AR directed therapies. Notable was the marked heterogeneity of detection of AR, ERG, and PTEN of individual CTCs. Studies are ongoing to further explore associations with outcomes. [Table: see text]
Gold‐Catalyzed, Iodine(III)‐Mediated Direct Acyloxylation of the Unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Bonds of Methyl Sulfides (2016)

The gold‐catalyzed, iodine(III)‐mediated direct oxidative acyloxylation of the C(sp 3 )–H bonds of methyl sulfides for the synthesis of various α‐thioaryl and α‐thioalkyl ester derivatives was discovered. Bis(acyloxy)iodobenzene proved to be an efficient reagent to activate the sulfur atom as an in situ directing group for α‐C(sp 3 )–H functionalization. The attractive features of this protocol include short reaction times, low catalyst loading, and in situ activation of adjacent C(sp 3 )–H bonds of the sulfur atom.
Evaluation of Various Grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Matrix Systems as Oral Sustained Release Drug Delivery systems (2011)

PURPOSE: The present work reports an attempt was to formulate matrix systems for oral sustained release drug delivery systems using diverse grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Methocel K4M, K15M, K100M and K100LV), in order to investigate the effect of various grades of these polymer on release mechanism from matrix tablets. Diclofenac Sodium was used as a model drug to evaluate its release characteristics from different matrices. METHODS: HPMC matrix tablets of Diclofenac Sodium using HPMC (methocel K100LV K4M, K15M, K100M CR) lactose were prepared by direct compression process. The USP paddle method was selected to perform the dissolution profiles carried out by USP apparatus 2 (paddle) at 50 rpm in 900 ml 0.1 N HCl, and phosphate buffer. Drug release was analyzed according to their kinetic models. A One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to interpret the result. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found among the drug release profile from different matrices. At a fixed polymer level, drug release from the higher viscosity grades (K100M) was slower as compared to the lower viscosity grades (K100LV). The best-fit release kinetics was achieved with the zeroorder plot, followed by the Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations. Two formulations showed drug release is more controlled. The data obtained proved that the formulations are useful for a sustained release of Diclofenac. CONCLUSIONS: From these formulations corresponded more controlled of the drug release by the higher viscosity grade of HPMC. The release of the model drug from these HPMC matrix tablets was prolonged; as a result, an oral release dosage form to avoid the gastrointestinal adverse effects was achieved.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Photostress Recovery, Glare Disability, and Chromatic Contrast (2014)

Daily supplementation with L+Z resulted in significant increase in serum levels and MPOD and improvements in chromatic contrast and recovery from photostress. These results are consistent with past studies showing that increasing MPOD leads to improved visual performance. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00909090.).
On Robust Key Agreement Based on Public Key Authentication (2010)

Abstract. We describe two new attacks on the HMQV protocol. The first attack raises a serious question on the basic definition of “authentica-tion ” in HMQV, while the second attack is generally applicable to many other protocols. In addition, we present a new authenticated key agree-ment protocol called YAK. Our approach is to depend on well-established techniques such as Schnorr’s signature. Among all the related protocols, YAK appears to be the simplest so far. We believe simplicity is an im-portant engineering principle. 1