gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact rebinning methods for 3D PET (2002)

The high computational cost of data processing in volume PET imaging is still hindering the routine application of this successful technique, especially in the case of dynamic studies. This paper describes two new algorithms based on an exact rebinning equation, which can be applied to accelerate the processing of 3D PET data. The first algorithm, FOREPROJ, is a fast forward projection algorithm which allows, for example, to calculate 3D attenuation correction factors (ACFs) directly from a 2D transmission scan, without reconstructing the attenuation map as in the standard procedure. The use of FOREPROJ speeds up the estimation of the 3D ACFs by more than a factor 5. The second algorithm, FOREX, is a new rebinning algorithm which is also more than 5 times faster than the standard method (the reprojection algorithm, 3DRP), without suffering from the image distortions generated by the approximate Fourier rebinning (FORE) at large axial apertures. Both algorithms have been implemented and applied to data simulated for a scanner with a large axial aperture (30/spl deg/), and also to data acquired with the ECAT HR and the ECAT HR+ scanners. Results demonstrate the important speed-up and the excellent accuracy achieved by these algorithms.
[Stabilization of proteases from Bacillus subtilis in solution]. (1980)

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of the styrene and maleinic acid copolymer on the activity of proteases produced by Bacillus subtilis--protosubtilin G15x. Unlike the hydrophilic ethylene--maleinic acid copolymer, styrenated maleinic acid produced a stabilizing effect on proteases via hydrophobic interaction. It is suggested that at least two forms of the enzyme differing in their activity and stability are involved in the process of inactivation. On the basis of the data obtained a scheme of protease inactivation is proposed.
Advances in Hemoglobin A1c Point of Care Technology (2007)

Measurement of hemoglobin A1c (A1C) has long been accepted as the best indicator of glucose control over time. Assays for A1C use technologies based on either charge differences (high-pressure liquid chromatography) or structure (boronate affinity or immunoassay combined with general chemistry). These technologies are generally employed in expensive laboratory instruments. More recently, A1C technology has been incorporated into point of care (POC) devices, allowing for immediate availability of A1C measurements, greatly facilitating diabetes care in both specialist and general practices. POC A1C tests should have acceptable performance, standardization to national reference, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) certification, simple operation without need for costly instrumentation, and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waiver. CLIA-waived POC technology includes Bio-Rad MicroMat II (distributed by Cholestech as GDX) and the Axis-Shield Afinion, both of which utilize boronate affinity. The DCA 2000(R)+ utilizes combined immunoassay and general chemistry. These instruments cost $1000 to $3000 and require regular maintenance, making them appropriate only for high-volume physician offices. The newly improved A1CNow+ also utilizes combined immunoassay and general chemistry, but the small, inexpensive, disposable monitor can be used by patients as well as by health care professionals. The new version of A1CNow+ has improved performance through recent introduction of automated solid state chemistry manufacturing, improved fluidics and automated assembly of the test cartridge, error-correcting software, and unitary meter calibration with factory calibration directly to the NGSP reference standard.
Thermally stable ultra-thin nitrogen incorporated ZrO/sub 2/ gate dielectric prepared by low temperature oxidation of ZrN (2002)

Ultra-thin nitrogen incorporated ZrO/sub 2/ (ZrON) film is successfully prepared by low temperature oxidation of ZrN. Capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) of 15 /spl Aring/ with Jg=1 mA/cm/sup 2/@ Vg=-1 V is demonstrated. There is no increase in CET up to 1000/spl deg/C. Silicide formation at poly-Si/ZrO/sub 2//Si stack at high temperature annealing is also inhibited. In addition, the boron penetration from p+ poly-Si to Si substrate is substantially suppressed.
Hairpin resonator probe measurements in RF plasmas (2005)

This work investigates the use of hairpin probes in plasma where RF plasma potential is present. The microwave resonance of the hairpin is used to determine electron density. Two types of hairpin probe were used. One type was dc coupled: its dc potential could be varied while monitoring its resonance frequency and collected current. The other probe was designed to be fully floating, being (dc) isolated from ground and able to float with RF variations in the plasma potential. Additional measurements of the RF plasma potential and its effect on the dc floating potential of the former probe were made using a wire loop probe. The resonant frequency of the dc coupled probe at zero current (nominal floating potential) was less than that determined from the fully floating probe. This is attributed to the wider sheath around the former caused by RF plasma potential across it. The presence of the electron-free sheath around the wires of the hairpin is included in the analysis that links the resonant frequency to the electron density in the bulk plasma. When the dc coupled probe was biased at the true floating potential (determined from independent loop probe measurements) its resonant frequency was closer to, though still consistently higher than, that of the floating probe. This work shows that RF potential across the probe sheath affects the resonance of a hairpin probe and should be accounted for when using hairpin probes in discharges where RF plasma potential variations are even as low as a few times the electron temperature (in volts).
Grid integration of distributed energy resources: Technologies, potentials contributions and future prospects (2013)

In the last years, technological innovations and changing economic and regulatory environments have resulted in a great interest for Distributed Generation (DG). DG concept covers local power generation at distribution level by using renewable or non-conventional generators. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) range from CHP (combined heat and power) systems based on Stirling engines, fuel cells and microturbines, to renewables like solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind energy conversion systems (WECS) and small scale hydroelectric generation. The use of biofuels and application of various storage technologies are also considered part of DG. In this paper, the state of the art of DG technologies and strategies - focusing on solar PV, wind and fuel cells - are analysed, benefits and drawbacks are discussed, future R&D prospects are presented.
Aerodynamically assisted bio-jets: the development of a novel and direct non-electric field-driven methodology for engineering living organisms (2007)

We recently demonstrated the ability to use electrified jets under stable conditions for the generation of cell-bearing droplets to the formation of composite threads which are biologically active. Our studies established that processed cells were viable over several generations post-jetting and -threading. These harmless and successful techniques for jet-based cell handling to deployment for precision deposition have great potential and widespread applications in bioengineering and biotechnology. Nonetheless, our investigations into 'bio-electrosprays' and 'cell electrospinning' have elucidated these jets having direct applicability in regenerative and therapeutic medicine to studies in developmental biology. For these very reasons, jet methodologies having the capability to safely handle living organisms for drop and placing are increasingly gaining the interests of life scientists. We now demonstrate yet another technique (a non-electric field-driven approach, previously never explored with jetting living cells), possessing the ability to directly handle the processing of primary living organisms by means of the flow of a cell suspension within a needle placed in a pressure chamber in the presence of an applied pressure difference. The technique we introduce here is referred to as 'aerodynamically assisted bio-jets/-jetting' which is driven completely by aerodynamic forces applied over an exit orifice by way of a differential pressure. Our investigations present an operational window in which stable jetting conditions are achieved for the formation of a near-monodispersed distribution of cell-bearing droplets and droplet residues. Finally, the aerodynamically bio-jetted living primary organisms are assessed (over both short and long time points) for cellular viability by means of FACScan, a flow cytometry technology which quantifies the percentage of living and dead cells. These advanced biophysical and bioengineering studies elucidate the emergence of a non-electric field-driven bio-jetting technology which now joins the cell jetting race.
Validating object conformity through geometric considerations of gripper mechanisms (2017)

Assembly process complexity in the production of manufactured products has received considerable attention in recent years. With the growing trend towards cyber-physical systems and the fourth industrial revolution, assembly research efforts must aim to develop efficient production systems incorporating robotic arms and flexible fixtures. The aim of the research was to investigate end effector and robotic appendage incorporation within assembly based pick and place applications incorporating product shape complexity and variety. In particular, the fin ray type end effector was considered during numerical and physical testing. Particular attention was placed on object conformity and the impact of end effector geometric shape on surface compliance. In particular, the fin ray effect <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> type end effector was considered during numerical and physical testing. Particular attention was placed on object conformity and the impact of end effector geometric shape on surface compliance. Previous research has proven that biological influences into robotic manipulation processes has proven to be valuable. The paper presents a control system that was conceptually designed with the gripper, which operates hand-in-hand with object manipulation for analyzing the force-time characteristics of a clamped object in motion of an operation movement.
<i>piggyBac</i> transposase tools for genome engineering (2013)

The transposon piggyBac is being used increasingly for genetic studies. Here, we describe modified versions of piggyBac transposase that have potentially wide-ranging applications, such as reversible transgenesis and modified targeting of insertions. piggyBac is distinguished by its ability to excise precisely, restoring the donor site to its pretransposon state. This characteristic makes piggyBac useful for reversible transgenesis, a potentially valuable feature when generating induced pluripotent stem cells without permanent alterations to genomic sequence. To avoid further genome modification following piggyBac excision by reintegration, we generated an excision competent/integration defective (Exc(+)Int(-)) transposase. Our findings also suggest the position of a target DNA-transposase interaction. Another goal of genome engineering is to develop reagents that can guide transgenes to preferred genomic regions. Others have shown that piggyBac transposase can be active when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. An Exc(+)Int(-) transposase, the intrinsic targeting of which is defective, might also be a useful intermediate in generating a transposase whose integration activity could be rescued and redirected by fusion to a site-specific DNA-binding domain. We show that fusion to two designed zinc finger proteins rescued the Int(-) phenotype. Successful guided transgene integration into genomic DNA would have broad applications to gene therapy and molecular genetics. Thus, an Exc(+)Int(-) transposase is a potentially useful reagent for genome engineering and provides insight into the mechanism of transposase-target DNA interaction.
A 100,000 fps vision sensor with embedded 535GOPS/W 256×256 SIMD processor array (2013)

A vision chip operating with 1.9pJ/OP efficiency has been fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS. Each of the 256×256 pixel-processors (dimensions 32×32μm), contains 14 binary and 7 analog registers coupled to a photodiode, an arithmetic logic unit, diffusion and asynchronous propagation networks. At the chip's periphery, facilities exist to allow pixel address extraction, analog or digital readout. The chip has been exploited to conduct real-time image processing operations at 100,000fps, locating a closed-shape object from amongst clutter.
CLB5 and CLB6, a new pair of B cyclins involved in DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

The functions of the Cdc28 protein kinase in DNA replication and mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are thought to be determined by the type of cyclin subunit with which it is associated. G1-specific cyclins encoded by CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3 are required for entry into the cell cycle (Start) and thereby for S phase, whereas G2-specific B-type cyclins encoded by CLB1, CLB2, CLB3, and CLB4 are required for mitosis. We describe a new family of B-type cyclin genes, CLB5 and CLB6, whose transcripts appear in late G1 along with those of CLN1, CLN2, and many genes required for DNA replication. Deletion of CLB6 has little or no effect, but deletion of CLB5 greatly extends S phase, and deleting both genes prevents the timely initiation of DNA replication. Transcription of CLB5 and CLB6 is normally dependent on Cln activity, but ectopic CLB5 expression allows cells to proliferate in the absence of Cln cyclins. Thus, the kinase activity associated with Clb5/6 and not with Cln cyclins may be responsible for S-phase entry. Clb5 also has a function, along with Clb3 and Clb4, in the formation of mitotic spindles. Our observation that CLB5 is involved in the initiation of both S phase and mitosis suggests that a single primordial B-type cyclin might have been sufficient for regulating the cell cycle of the common ancestor of many, if not all, eukaryotes.
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Is More Prevalent than Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients (2011)

pxAF occurs more often than pAF in stroke/TIA patients. As effective stroke prevention is available for AF, it is important to develop and evaluate sensitive methods for detecting pxAF.
Synthetic substrates for long-term stem cell culture (2012)

Stem cells have a host of applications in regenerative medicine and basic research. However, clinical translation hinges on the availability of effective stem cell expansion. Stem cell expansion has been limited due to the use of xenogenic factors in the culture system, batch-to-batch variation, and processes that do not readily lend themselves to scale-up. Synthetic substrates represent attractive alternatives to standard feeder layer culture, as they address many of these pressing limitations. Specifically, we use a grafting-to approach to create a zwitterionic hydrogel capable of maintaining human pluripotent stem cells in long-term culture. This approach enables the control of substrate physiochemical properties, is relatively inexpensive, and results in a substrate with good storage and sterilization stability. In this feature, we focus on the contributions of our culture system to prolonged stem cell culture and compare it to other culture systems currently available.
Effect of Hydroxamic Acid‐Based Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on Human Gingival Cells and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2003)

Data obtained in this study support the potential use of the three MMP inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
Classification of potential nuclei in prostate histology images using shape manifold learning (2007)

The demanding step in the development of ancillary systems for the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases based on nuclear morphometry is the delineation of nuclei in the images of stained tissue sections. Various constituents of the tissue section such as cellular and extra-cellular elements, staining artefacts, debris of nuclei, and clusters of overlapping nuclei apart from the image acquisition noise to name a few contribute in the complexity of the task. In this paper, we pose the problem of selection of nuclei in tissue section as classification of shapes using manifold learning on training images followed by out-of-sample extension for unknown test images. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Tissue, cellular and subcellular events at a bone-ceramic hydroxylapatite interface. (1977)

A new polycrystalline form of hydroxylapatite, durapatite, has been examined as a cortical bone implant in dogs. Utilizing histological and electron optical techniques, it has been found that durapatite does not elicit a foreign body response and that all new bone surrounding the material is normally calcified. Bone was found to strongly adhere to durapatite and preliminary evidence suggests this bonding may be due to direct chemical attachment of bone to the material.
Important Role of the 3-Mercaptopropionamide Moiety in Glutathione:  Promoting Effect on Decomposition of the Adduct of Glutathione with the Oxoammonium Ion of TEMPO (2005)

Cyclic voltammetry of TEMPO in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH in the presence of glutathione (GSH) or cysteine (Cys) indicated the following points: (i) Both of the thiols rapidly formed adducts 3 with oxoammonium ion 1 anodically generated from TEMPO. (ii) 3 generated from GSH entered a succeeding reaction that generated N-oxide anion 2- (the reduced TEMPO). (iii) 3 produced from Cys remained intact over the time scale of voltammetry. A structural feature of GSH was considered to contribute to the observed behavior of this tripeptide. Possible structural features were evaluated by screening various thiols on the basis of whether they provided GSH-like voltammetric results. The 3-mercaptopropionamide group with an amide hydrogen in GSH was determined to be responsible for the observed difference between GSH and Cys. The likely function is to transform 3 from GSH into a 5-imino-1,2-oxathiolane intermediate, thereby releasing 2-. Product analysis for reactions of model thiols representing GSH and Cys with 1 provided support for this argument and suggested that the reaction of GSH or Cys with 1 would produce the corresponding disulfides, regardless of whether a five-membered ring intermediate was formed. The proposed function of the 3-mercaptopropionamide moiety of GSH may provide useful insight for the molecular design of exogenous thiol compounds as novel drugs for the treatment of GSH-depletion-related disorders.
InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs inverted metamorphic (IMM) solar cells on 4″ epitaxial lifted off (ELO) wafers (2010)

InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs inverted metamorphic (IMM) triple junction (TJ) solar cells were fabricated on epitaxial liftoff (ELO) 100 mm diameter GaAs wafers. These ELO IMM solar cells exhibited an efficiency of 30% at one sun AM1.5D illumination, which is the highest reported efficiency for IMM ELO thin cells to date. The TJ ELO cells had fill factor (FF) >85%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.78V, and short circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.64 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . IMM ELO cells exhibited a peak efficiency of 36.3% at concentration of 264suns.
Le traitement du decollement de la retine, par la diathermo-coagulation pyrometrique; etude experimentale et clinique. (1934)

Dr. Léon Coppez, who, with his brother, is of the third generation of the celebrated Coppez family of ophthalmologists in Brussels, has been studying the subject of electrocoagulation treatment for retinal detachment for a number of years and has published numerous articles. The results of these studies have been collected, rearranged and completed to appear in a monograph. After an introduction giving the various methods of treating retinal detachment, the author proceeds with his main thesis, that the diathermic scar can be graded in an absolute and objective way by measuring the temperature of the coagulated tissue. This is accomplished by a pyrometric electrode which measures the temperature of the scar at the place and moment of its formation. Lesions produced with this electrode in the eyes of animals and of man are then described ; they serve to replace clinical approximations with exact anatomic studies. After physical
DksA potentiates direct activation of amino acid promoters by ppGpp (2005)

Amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli results in a spectrum of changes in gene expression, including inhibition of rRNA and tRNA promoters and activation of certain promoters for amino acid biosynthesis and transport. The unusual nucleotide ppGpp plays an important role in both negative and positive regulation. Previously, we and others suggested that positive effects of ppGpp might be indirect, resulting from the inhibition of rRNA transcription and, thus, liberation of RNA polymerase for binding to other promoters. Recently, we showed that DksA binds to RNA polymerase and greatly enhances direct effects of ppGpp on the negative control of rRNA promoters. This conclusion prompted us to reevaluate whether ppGpp might also have a direct role in positive control. We show here that ppGpp greatly increases the rate of transcription initiation from amino acid promoters in a purified system but only when DksA is present. Activation occurs by stimulation of the rate of an isomerization step on the pathway to open complex formation. Consistent with the model that ppGpp/DksA stimulates amino acid promoters both directly and indirectly in vivo, cells lacking dksA fail to activate transcription from the hisG promoter after amino acid starvation. Our results illustrate how transcription factors can positively regulate transcription initiation without binding DNA, demonstrate that dksA directly affects promoters in addition to those for rRNA, and suggest that some of the pleiotropic effects previously associated with dksA might be ascribable to direct effects of dksA on promoters involved in a wide variety of cellular functions.
STIMULATION OF INSULIN SECRETION BY GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE IN MAN.<sup>1</sup> (1973)

The effect of very highly purified gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on insulin secretion in man was tested in normal volunteers. Administration of physiological doses of GIP together with glucose by IV infusion resulted in potentiation of the rise in IRI in the blood and improvement in glucose tolerance. It is concluded that GIP is a potent insulinotropic hormone and probably takes part in physiological potentiation of insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia during absorption of nutrients from the intestine.
A unified approach to interference problems using a triangle processor (1985)

Triangulation is an efficient way to simplify and unify interference problems, such as hidden line and surface elimination and Boolean shape operations in solid modeling. Almost all of the processing relevant to a triangle can be performed by computing some 4 x 4 determinants. The author proposes a hardware processor (TRIANGLE PROCESSOR) that quickly intersects a triangle with a point, a line segment, or another triangle. Various applications of the TRIANGLE PROCESSOR are explained in this paper, including applications to face and volume triangulations.The author stresses that the triangulation approach and the TRIANGLE PROCESSOR simplify, speed up and unify various types of processing relating to interference.