gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorption of Activated Hydrogen on Vycor Glass (1966)

A flow system incorporating Pirani gauges was used to measure the sorption of hydrogen activated by an rf discharge by Vycor glass. The sorption was dependent on the pressure and the discharge intensity. A rapid, initial adsorption was followed by a slow sorption which obeyed a t1/2 law but then decelerated. The kinetics of the thermal release of hydrogen from the Vycor also followed a t1/2 law. The data suggest that a steady-state condition, dependent on the hydrogen-atom population in the gas phase, was established on the surface. Hydrogen diffused into the bulk, the rate being a function of the heating of the Vycor surface by hydrogen-atom recombination. Molecular hydrogen diffused to the surface when a sample was heated.
Stochastic simulation experiment to assess radar rainfall retrieval uncertainties associated with attenuation and its correction (2008)

Abstract. As rainfall constitutes the main source of water for the terrestrial hydrological processes, accurate and reliable measurement and prediction of its spatial and temporal distribution over a wide range of scales is an important goal for hydrology. We investigate the potential of ground-based weather radar to provide such measurements through a theoretical analysis of some of the associated observation uncertainties. A stochastic model of range profiles of raindrop size distributions is employed in a Monte Carlo simulation experiment to investigate the rainfall retrieval uncertainties associated with weather radars operating at X-, C-, and S-band. We focus in particular on the errors and uncertainties associated with rain-induced signal attenuation and its correction for incoherent, non-polarimetric, single-frequency, operational weather radars. The performance of two attenuation correction schemes, the (forward) Hitschfeld-Bordan algorithm and the (backward) Marzoug-Amayenc algorithm, is analyzed for both moderate (assuming a 50 km path length) and intense Mediterranean rainfall (for a 30 km path). A comparison shows that the backward correction algorithm is more stable and accurate than the forward algorithm (with a bias in the order of a few percent for the former, compared to tens of percent for the latter), provided reliable estimates of the total path-integrated attenuation are available. Moreover, the bias and root mean square error associated with each algorithm are quantified as a function of path-averaged rain rate and distance from the radar in order to provide a plausible order of magnitude for the uncertainty in radar-retrieved rain rates for hydrological applications.
Pigments for colouring epoxy powder coatings (1973)

A selection of organic and inorganic pigments has been evaluated in an epoxy powder coating system and the results are tabulated and discussed.
Frequency Agile Lidar Receiver for Chem-Bio Sensing (2010)

an ultra low noise receiver module (RM) for direct detection LWIR LIDAR systems. The receiver module is compatible with emerging LWIR source technologies, e.g., optical parametric amplifier-based sources, as well as existing frequency-agile CO2 laser technology. In this paper we present RM performance attributes based on characterization experiments performed in the laboratory, as well as part of the system integration in the ECBC’s Frequency Agile LIDAR (FAL) unit. The RM has been demonstrated to be compatible with a 200 Hz shot-to-shot line tuned CO2 laser in terms of both tuning speed and wavelength accuracy. The system achieves tuning times of less than 5 msec for wavenumber jumps ≤ 10 cm-1 and transmission measurement errors of ~0.5 % due to etalon absolute positioning uncertainty. The system has been demonstrated to achieve a total Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) of ~ 1.7 nW for an electronic bandwidth of 5 MHz when observing a background of Tbkgd = 400K. This represents ~40 % improvement over an equivalent detector/preamplifier configuration without PSI’s tunable etalon technology. Recent research indicates that laser absorption and backscatter measurements at long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) wavelengths (λ ~ 8 to 12 μm) enable detection not only of all common nerve and blister chemical agents, but also suggests that LWIR LIDAR can be used for long range standoff detection of biological
Accurate current mirror with high output impedance (2002)

The current mirror is one of the key elements in analog circuit design. For high performance analog circuit applications, the accuracy and output impedance are the most important parameters to determine the performance of the current mirror. In this paper, a new current mirror is proposed to provide high accuracy and very high output impedance. A novel feedback gain stage is used to increase the output impedance and matching accuracy significantly. Moreover, the proposed new current mirror also has an output swing similar to the traditional two-stage cascode current mirror.
Fabrication of enclosed SU‐8 tips for electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (2005)

We describe a novel electrospray tip design for MS which is fabricated completely out of SU-8 photoepoxy. A three-layer SU-8 fabrication process provides fully enclosed channels and tips. The tip shape and alignment of all SU-8 layers is done lithographically and is therefore very accurate. Fabrication process enables easy integration of additional fluidic functions on the same chip. Separation channels can be made with exactly the same process. Fluidic inlets are made in SU-8 during the fabrication process and no drilling or other postprocessing is needed. Channels have been fabricated and tested in the size range of 10 microm x 10 microm-50 microm x 200 microm. Mass spectrometric performance of the tips has been demonstrated with both pressure-driven flow and EOF. SU-8 microtips have been shown to produce stable electrospray with EOF in a timescale of tens of minutes. With pressure driven flow stable spray is maintained for hours. Taylor cone was shown to be small in volume and well defined even with the largest channel cross section. The spray was also shown to be well directed with our tip design.
Caspase‐mediated death of newly formed neurons in the adult rat dentate gyrus following status epilepticus (2002)

A large proportion of cells that proliferate in the adult dentate gyrus under normal conditions or in response to brain insults exhibit only short-term survival. Here, we sought to determine which cell death pathways are involved in the degeneration of newly formed neurons in the rat dentate gyrus following 2 h of electrically induced status epilepticus. We investigated the role of three families of cysteine proteases, caspases, calpains, and cathepsins, which can all participate in apoptotic cell death. Status epilepticus increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive proliferated cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. At the time of maximum cell proliferation, immunohistochemical analyses revealed protein expression of active caspase-cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in approximately 66% of the BrdU-positive cells, while none of them expressed cathepsin B or the 150-kDa calpain-produced fodrin breakdown product. To evaluate the importance of cysteine proteases in regulating survival of the newly formed neurons, we administered intracerebroventricular infusions of a caspase inhibitor cocktail (zVAD-fmk, zDEVD-fmk and zLEHD-fmk) over a 2-week period, sufficient to allow for neuronal differentiation, starting 1 week after the epileptic insult. Increased numbers of cells double-labelled with BrdU and neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) marker were detected in the subgranular zone and granule cell layer of the caspase inhibitor-treated rats. Our data indicate that caspase-mediated cell death pathways are active in progenitor cell progeny generated by status epilepticus and compromise survival during neuronal differentiation.
RNA-seq analysis reveals significant effects of EGFR signalling on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (2014)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to breast cancer progression by releasing soluble factors that sustain tumor progression. MSCs express functional epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and breast cancer cells secrete EGFR-ligands including transforming growth factor-α (TGFα). Using RNA-sequencing, we analysed the whole transcriptome of MSCs stimulated with TGFα. We identified 1,640 highly differentially regulated genes: 967 genes up-regulated with Fold Induction (FI) ≥ 1.50 and 673 genes down-regulated with FI ≤ 0.50. When highly regulated genes were categorized according to GO molecular function classification and KEGG pathways analysis, a large number of genes coding for potentially secreted proteins or surface receptors resulted enriched following TGFα treatment, including VEGFA, IL6, EREG, HB-EGF, LIF, NGF, NRG1, CCL19, CCL2, CCL25 and CXCL3. Secretion of corresponding proteins was confirmed for selected factors. Finally, we identified 4,377 and 4,262 alternatively spliced genes in untreated and TGFα-treated MSCs, respectively. Among these, an unannotated splice variant of VEGFA coding for a secreted VEGF protein of 172 amino acids (VEGFA(172)), was found only in MSCs stimulated with TGFα. These findings suggest that EGFR activation in MSCs leads to a significant change in the expression of a wide array of genes coding for secreted proteins that can significantly enhance tumor progression.
Metastatic Rhabdoid Meningioma with <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutation and Good Response to Personalized Therapy: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2014)

Rhabdoid meningioma is an aggressive phenotype of meningioma, associated with a poor prognosis. We present a very rare case of high-grade meningioma with rhabdoid features that eventually expressed in a coma state. Comprehensive genomic profiling using a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) assay revealed three genomic alterations: activating BRAF mutation (V600E), loss of CDKN2A/2B, and APC I1307K. After treatment with BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib), the child's clinical condition improved progressively. After seven months, an MEK inhibitor was added (trametinib).
Quantitation of Conjugate Formation Between Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Antibody-Coated Target Cells by Flow Cytometry: The Role of Fc Receptor and LFA-1 Antigen (1989)

The specific binding of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to antibody-coated target cells was characterized by flow cytometry. PMN were labeled with phycoerythrin-E (PE) via a granulocyte-specific monoclonal antibody (leu-M1) and mixed with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled K562 tumor cells sensitized with rabbit antiserum. Specific conjugates were formed as analyzed by two-color fluorescence in a flow cytometer. The formation of stable conjugates was dependent on initiation of contact, temperature, time, and antiserum concentration. Studies with inhibitors implicate that microfilaments, but not microtubules, Ca2+, Mg2+, or energy-dependent processes were a prerequisite for binding of PMN to the antibody-coated target cells. No conjugates were formed when uncoated target cells were used or when the experiment was performed in the presence of protein A, indicating that binding was specifically mediated through Fc receptors (FcR). Monoclonal antibodies against the FcRII and FcRIII were used to address the role of these receptors in conjugation. One of the two anti-FcRIII antibodies and an anti-FcRII antibody effectively prevented conjugation. A monoclonal antibody directed against the common beta-chain of the adhesion molecule family and a combination of antibodies against the alpha-chain of LFA-1 and Mo-1 also blocked conjugation when target cells were sensitized under suboptimal conditions. The antibody against the beta-chain also diminished killing of antibody-coated K562, as measured by chromium release when included in the cytotoxicity assay. These results indicate that flow cytometry permits accurate quantitation and characterization of the binding between PMN and antibody-coated target cells, which in principle, can be prevented by monoclonal antibodies against surface receptors. Binding is primarily established by both the FcRII and FcRIII. Adhesion-associated molecules on the PMN surface contribute to optimal binding.
Introductory biomechanics: from cells to organisms (2007)

Introductory Biomechanics is a new, integrated text written specifically for engineering students. It provides a broad overview of this important new branch of the rapidly growing field of bioengineering. A wide selection of topics is presented, ranging from the mechanics of single cells to the dynamics of human movement. No prior biological knowledge is assumed and in each chapter, the relevant anatomy and physiology is described first. The biological system is then analyzed from a mechanical viewpoint by reducing it to its essential elements, using the laws of mechanics, and then linking mechanical insights back to biological function. This integrated approach provides students with a deeper understanding of both the mechanics and the biology than from qualitative study alone. The text is supported by a wealth of illustrations, tables, and examples, a large selection of suitable problems and many current references, making it an essential textbook for any biomechanics course.
Twenty-year results of the Naples GUN randomized trial: predictive factors of adjuvant tamoxifen efficacy in early breast cancer. (2003)

With the statistical power of the present randomized trial, S-phase, ploidy, EGFR, PrlR, and MVC do not seem to predict for TAM efficacy. Conversely, our data support the hypothesis that tumors overexpressing HER2 might not benefit from adjuvant TAM.
Robust fluoroscopic respiratory gating for lung cancer radiotherapy without implanted fiducial markers (2007)

For gated lung cancer radiotherapy, it is difficult to generate accurate gating signals due to the large uncertainties when using external surrogates and the risk of pneumothorax when using implanted fiducial markers. We have previously investigated and demonstrated the feasibility of generating gating signals using the correlation scores between the reference template image and the fluoroscopic images acquired during the treatment. In this paper, we present an in-depth study, aiming at the improvement of robustness of the algorithm and its validation using multiple sets of patient data. Three different template generating and matching methods have been developed and evaluated: (1) single template method, (2) multiple template method, and (3) template clustering method. Using the fluoroscopic data acquired during patient setup before each fraction of treatment, reference templates are built that represent the tumour position and shape in the gating window, which is assumed to be at the end-of-exhale phase. For the single template method, all the setup images within the gating window are averaged to generate a composite template. For the multiple template method, each setup image in the gating window is considered as a reference template and used to generate an ensemble of correlation scores. All the scores are then combined to generate the gating signal. For the template clustering method, clustering (grouping of similar objects together) is performed to reduce the large number of reference templates into a few representative ones. Each of these methods has been evaluated against the reference gating signal as manually determined by a radiation oncologist. Five patient datasets were used for evaluation. In each case, gated treatments were simulated at both 35% and 50% duty cycles. False positive, negative and total error rates were computed. Experiments show that the single template method is sensitive to noise; the multiple template and clustering methods are more robust to noise due to the smoothing effect of aggregation of correlation scores; and the clustering method results in the best performance in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy.
Eicosanoid Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Function (2010)

Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are routinely used to reconstitute hematopoiesis after myeloablation; however, transplantation efficacy and multilineage reconstitution can be limited by inadequate HSC number, or poor homing, engraftment or self-renewal. We have demonstrated that mouse and human HSC express prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors, and that short-term ex vivo exposure of HSC to PGE2 enhances their homing, survival and proliferation, resulting in increased long-term repopulating cell and competitive repopulating unit (CRU) frequency. HSC pulsed with PGE2 are more competitive, as determined by head-to-head comparison in a competitive transplantation model. Enhanced HSC frequency and competitive advantage is stable and maintained upon multiple serial transplantations, with full multi-lineage reconstitution. PGE2 increases HSC CXCR4 mRNA and surface expression and enhances their migration to SDF-1α in vitro and homing to bone marrow in vivo and stimulates HSC entry into and progression through cell cycle. In addition, PGE2 enhances HSC survival, associated with an increase in Survivin mRNA and protein expression and reduction in intracellular active caspase-3. While PGE2 pulse of HSC promotes HSC self-renewal, blockade of PGE2 biosynthesis with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) results in expansion of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). We co-administered NSAIDs along with the mobilizing agent granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and evaluations of limiting dilution transplants, assays monitoring neutrophil and platelet recoveries, and secondary transplantations, clearly indicate that NSAIDs facilitate mobilization of a hematopoietic graft with superior functional activity compared to the graft mobilized by G-CSF alone. Enhanced mobilization has also been confirmed in baboons mobilized with G-CSF and a NSAID. Increases in mobilization are the result of a reduction of signaling through the PGE2 receptor EP4, which results in marrow expansion and reduction in the osteoblastic HSC niche. We also identify a new role for cannabinoids, an eicosanoid with opposing functions to PGE2, in hematopoietic mobilization. Additionally, we demonstrate increased survival in lethally irradiated mice treated with PGE2, NSAIDs, or the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride. Our results define novel mechanisms of action whereby eicosanoids regulate HSC and HPC function, and characterize novel translational strategies for hematopoietic therapies.
On a tapered floating point system (2003)

R. Morris (see IEEE Trans. Comput., vol.TC-20, p.1578-9, 1971), suggested adding an extra field to the fixed floating point system, so that exponents can be stored more efficiently. The exponents are stored in the smallest possible space, passing the extra bits to the mantissa. The extra field is used to monitor the current length of the exponent. The gain in precision and/or exponent range outweighs the overhead of the extra field and the processing speed. The authors provide implementation details, error analysis, and some future research ideas. Simulation results are provided for comparison purposes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dielectric and optical properties of epitaxial rare-earth scandate films and their crystallization behavior (2006)

Rare-earth scandates (ReScO3, with Re=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, i.e., the entire series for which the individual oxides are chemically stable in contact with Si) were deposited in a temperature-gradient pulsed laser deposition system onto LaAlO3 substrates. The crystallization temperature depends monotonically on the Re atomic number and the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, with crystallization temperatures as low as 650°C for LaScO3 and PrScO3. The dielectric constants of the crystalline films K≈30 (determined by microwave microscopy) are significantly larger than those of their amorphous counterparts. In combination with the large observed band gaps (Eg&gt;5.5eV, determined by ellipsometry), these results indicate the potential of these materials as high-K dielectrics for field-effect transistor applications.
Production of chimeric rabbits from morulae by a simple procedure (1988)

Experiments were conducted to develop a simple and reliable technique to produce chimeric rabbits from morula stage embryos. In Experiments 1 and 2, an in-vitro test of viability was initially performed by culturing embryos to the blastocyst stage. Ninety-three percent of the "chimeric" embryos developed to the blastocyst stage compared to 94% for controls when embryos were manipulated soon after collection (Exp. 1). Eight-one percent chimeric embryos and 78% control embryos developed to blastocyst stage when embryos were held at room temperature for 4 hr (Exp. 2). In Experiment 3, enough morula-stage embryos were available from true breeding Dutch-belted and albino rabbits to form potentially 67 diverse "color" pairs. These micromanipulated pairs of morulae were successfully combined to produce 64 chimeric embryos (96%, 64/67). They were transferred to the uteri of seven recipient does and three became pregnant producing 13 young. Four of the young exhibited substantial overt chimerism (31%) and one more was a possible chimera.
The anticancer drugs (1979)

PART I: PRINCIPLES OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 1. The cancer problem 2. Some milestones in the development of cancer chemotherapy 3. Determinants of drug responsiveness 4. Resistance to anticancer drugs PART II: THE ANTICANCER DRUGS 5. Antimetabolites 6. Covalent DNA binding drugs 7. Non-covalent DNA binding drugs 8. Inhibitors of chromatin function 9. Drugs affecting endocrine function PART III: CLINICAL CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 10. Choice of drugs for cencer chemotherapy PART IV: NEW DIRECTIONS IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 11. Anticancer drug development 12. Biological treatments of cancer 13. Potential targets for new anticancer drugs
An Assistive Handwashing System with Emotional Intelligence (2014)

Whether emotional intelligence (or, affective reasoning) is included can influence the effectiveness of a cognitive assistive system. This thesis presents a novel emotionally intelligent hand-washing assistant that aims to help older adults with Alzheimer's disease complete hand-washing tasks more independently. The thesis reviews previous works in the development of cognitive assistants and in the study of emotional intelligence, and then designs a hand-washing system prototype that combines the two research streams. The difficulties in designing such a system, including probabilistic and decision-theoretic reasoning of the user's functional and emotional states, computer-vision based activity monitoring and affective recognition, and embodied prompting are discussed. Designing the hand-washing system as an integration of independent components, the thesis also discusses coordination between the components. The thesis implements the system in the end, and shows by preliminary tests in laboratory settings that the system implemented (1) runs in real-time from the perspective of the user group, (2) is able to provide a level of functional assistance, (3) produces system prompts that have encoded to some extent the emotional state of its user. The preliminary tests also indicated that a user with emotions with high potency levels (and high activity levels) is more likely to receive system prompts with low potency levels (and high activity levels).\n\nThis thesis is one of the exploratory works in the area of integrating emotional intelligence with cognitive intelligent assistive systems. It provides a solution to fitting emotional intelligence in a functional system, as well as points out directions for future improvements. The framework designed in this thesis is portable and extensible, and can be generalized to be used in other applications.