gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of miR-320 family members are associated with clinical parameters and diagnosis in prostate cancer patients (2017)

We studied the association of the serum levels of the microRNA family members miR-320a/-b/-c with clinico-pathological data to assess their applicability as diagnostic biomarker in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The levels of miR-320a/-b/-c in 3 groups were evaluated by qRT-PCR (145 patients with PCa, 31 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 19 healthy controls). The levels of the three family members of miR-320 were directly correlated within each group (<i>P</i> < 0.001), but they differed significantly among the three groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The serum levels of the miR-320 family members were significantly increased in older patients compared to younger patients (≤ 66 years vs. > 66 years, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). In addition, the levels of all three miR-320 family members were significantly different in patients with low tumor stage compared with those with high tumor stage (miR-320a: <i>P</i> = 0.034; miR-320b: <i>P</i> = 0.006; miR-320c: <i>P</i> = 0.007) and in patients with low serum PSA compared with those with high serum PSA (≤ 4 ng vs. > 4 ng; miR-320a: <i>P</i> = 0.003; miR-320b: <i>P</i> = 0.003; miR-320c: <i>P</i> = 0.006). The levels of these miRNAs were inversely correlated with serum PSA levels. Detection in the serum samples of PCa patients with or without PSA relapse revealed higher levels of miR-320a/-b/-c in the group without PSA relapse before/after radical prostatectomy than in that with PCa relapse. In summary, the differences among the PCa/BPH/healthy control groups with respect to miR-320a/-b/-c levels in conjunction with higher levels in patients without a PSA relapse than in those with a relapse suggest the diagnostic potential of these miRNA-320 family members in PCa patients.
Influence of insulin treatment on the mechanical properties and inotropic response to ethanol in diabetic myocardium. (1996)

Diabetes significantly affects cardiac performance, as does ethanol. To assess whether insulin treatment alters the inotropic response to acute ethanol exposure and reverses diabetes-induced myocardial dysfunction, male Wistar rats were made diabetic using streptozocin, 55 mg/kg intravenously. The inotropic effect of ethanol on normal, diabetic, and insulin-treated (8 weeks) diabetic animals was studied using isolated, left-ventricular papillary muscle preparations superfused with Tyrode's solution under isometric conditions. Peak tension developed, time to peak tension (TPT), time to 90% relaxation (RT90), maximum rate of tension developed (+VT), and maximum rate of fall in tension (-VT) were determined in the absence and presence of clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol for 10 minutes. In insulin-treated diabetic muscles, baseline developed tension, +VT, and -VT were enhanced, and the prolongation of TPT and RT90, characteristic of diabetic myocardium, was attenuated. The magnitude of the reduction in developed tension in response to ethanol, 80 mg/dL, was slightly greater in untreated diabetic myocardium. Higher concentrations of ethanol (120 to 240 mg/dL) decreased tension in all groups and was of similar magnitude. The negative inotropic effect of higher ethanol concentrations was associated with shortening of TPT and RT90, as well as a diminution of +VT and -VT. It is concluded that with insulin treatment, the mechanical properties of diabetic myocardium are normalized; however, neither the myocardium's sensitivity to ethanol nor the overall magnitude of ethanol's negative inotropic effect is modified by insulin treatment.
The Effect of Heavy Metal Contamination on Defects in CCD Imagers: Contamination Monitoring by Surface Photovoltage (1990)

The role of heavy metal contamination on defect formation in CCD imagers and yield has been investigated. Dislocations, stacking faults, and oxygen precipitates form localized dark current generation sites. The current generation rate is a function of decoration of these defects by heavy metals. The SPV method was successfully applied to monitor in real time the heavy metal contamination level in the processing line and to identify sources of heavy metals. A good correlation between CCD imager performance and diffusion length/contamination level in silicon wafers, after completion of the fabrication sequence, was established. A certain threshold contamination level exists beyond which the probability of crystallographic defect decoration and formation of stacking faults increases dramatically. This level is different for the different defects and the different types of silicon wafers (FZ, MCZ, internally gettered CZ, and epi).
Ionic liquids as novel solvents for the dissolution and blending of wool keratin fibers (2005)

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid has been developed for the dissolution and regeneration of wool keratin fibers, which can be used to prepare wool keratin/cellulose blended materials directly.
Target perceivability and its applications (2001)

A concept of target perceivability is introduced, which is related to such concepts as target existence and target observability. Its probability provides a basis for an integrated approach to track initiation, confirmation, termination, and refinement of track maintenance algorithms. This paper proposes the concepts of target perceivability and presents a recursion of its probability based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) and their applications to tracker analysis, development, and design, in particular, in the context of the probabilistic data association (PDA) method. Specifically, several important quantities and track life are analyzed; a perceivability-based probabilistic approach to track confirmation and termination is proposed; two versions of perceivability-based PDA trackers are presented. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate their performance.
Locatable-Body Temperature Monitoring Based on Semi-Active UHF RFID Tags (2014)

This paper presents the use of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology for the real-time remote monitoring of body temperature, while an associated program can determine the location of the body carrying the respective sensor. The RFID chip's internal integrated temperature sensor is used for both the human-body temperature detection and as a measurement device, while using radio-frequency communication to broadcast the temperature information. The adopted RFID location technology makes use of reference tags together with a nearest neighbor localization algorithm and a multiple-antenna time-division multiplexing location system. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for collecting temperature and location data for the data fusion by using RFID protocols. With a puppy as test object, temperature detection and localization experiments were carried out. The measured results show that the applied method, when using a mercury thermometer for comparison in terms of measuring the temperature of the dog, has a good consistency, with an average temperature error of 0.283 °C. When using the associated program over the area of 12.25 m2, the average location error is of 0.461 m, which verifies the feasibility of the sensor-carrier location by using the proposed program.
Controlling Velocity In Bipedal Walking: A Dynamic Programming Approach (2006)

We are interested in adding actuation to passive dynamic walkers to enable them to control their velocity. We control velocity by using dynamic programming to design control laws for each desired velocity. We consider three cases: a simulated planar compass gait walker, a simulated 3D compass gait walker with roll dynamics, and a simulated planar compass gait walker with a torso. Each of the walkers have massless legs. The actions include foot placement, ankle torque, and desired torso orientation. We use Poincare sections to define the state of the model, and thus choose a new action once per footstep. The optimization criterion is based on the effort of swinging the limbs, applying torques, and maintaining the desired velocity. By generating control laws at different desired velocities and then selecting the appropriate control law we are able to control velocity in each of these walkers, and smoothly transition between different velocities. Our results also indicate how complex nonlinear control laws can be approximated by gain-scheduled linear control laws.
Geometric modeling and computer vision (1988)

Geometric matching algorithms and geometric representations are examined for point sets, curves, surfaces, volumes, and their space-time trajectories. The author focuses mainly on general-purpose techniques. Geometric matching benefits greatly from taking advantage of symmetries and special features, e.g. dihedral edges and circles or any three reliably identifiable feature points. Volume matching and representation techniques are also presented. Texture and fractal representations are briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Is It Ethical to Conduct Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in the Development of New Agents for Osteoporosis? An Industry Perspective (2003)

To represent industry on the topic of this conference, position papers were obtained from six pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Despite their holding a wide range of positions in the market with regard to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, all companies were unanimous in their concerns about the ability to conduct randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (PCTs) in the future. The clinical research environment contains conflicting directives. Regulatory agencies strongly prefer (even insist on) PCTs as a requirement for drug approval, while many physicians, human studies institutional review boards, and informed patients believe that it is no longer ethical to place osteoporotic patients on placebo because effective therapies are now available. PCTs offer the best means of calibrating the absolute efficacy of a new agent and identifying its side effects against a "neutral" background. Are comparison-controlled clinical trials (CCTs) using an approved drug the answer? No. Examples are given that illustrate that such trials require very large numbers of patients to show "non-inferiority" (approximately 15,000-20,000) or "superiority" (approximately 30,000) compared with an existing approved therapy. Such studies are not only impractical, but also accumulate a greater number of fractures during the course of clinical research in both the new treatment and control (active comparator) groups than would occur in PCTs. Total adverse experiences and exposure of patients to investigational agents is considerably greater when CCTs rather than PCTs are used. Based on this analysis, industry recommends that regulatory approval of new agents for osteoporosis be based on (1) conduct of PCTs in patients at low risk for fracture (e.g., T-score < -2.5 and no previous osteoporotic fracture); (2) use of bone mineral density as an end-point for the indication "to preserve or improve bone mass"; (3) a 2-year, rather than 3-year, trial period; (4) demonstration of no adverse effect on bone quality preclinically; (5) extrapolation of clinical trial results to higher risk patients; (6) an option for the sponsor to perform additional fracture end-point studies postapproval to obtain an indication for "treatment to reduce the risk of fractures specifically in the spine, hip, or both"; and (7) the option to file for a "prevention" claim before a "treatment" claim.
Postdetection optimal diversity combiner for DPSK differential detection (1993)

Postdetection diversity reception weights and combines all the detector outputs before symbol decision to combat the effects of multipath fading. A theoretical analysis of a postdetection optimal diversity combiner that can minimize the symbol error probability for differential phase shift keying (DPSK) differential detection in the presence of multiplicative Rayleigh fading, and co-channel interference (CCI) is presented. The effect of unequal average powers among diversity branches is taken into account. It is shown that the postdetection maximal-ratio combiner (MRC) described previously by the author is not optimal unless all branches have the same average power. It is also found that the combiner optimized for the effect of CCI (fading induced random FM noise) should weight each branch detector output in inverse proportion to the average CCI power (desired signal power). Assuming two-branch diversity, calculated BER (bit-error-rate) performance of pi /4-shift QDPSK due to AWGN, CCI, and random FM is presented. In addition, the BER due to multipath channel delay spread (which is not treated in the theoretical analysis) is also computed to find the optimal combiner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
10a‐Aza‐10b‐borapyrenes: Heterocyclic Analogues of Pyrene with Internalized BN Moieties (2007)

Très BN: The introduction of a BN dipole into the internal positions of pyrene (see scheme) provides a novel platform for heterocyclic fluorescent species. Comparisons of the photophysical and redox properties between the CC and BN analogues reveal both similarities and differences. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700591_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Applications (2002)

This document describes five types of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications which make use of an SNMP engine as described in STD 62, RFC 3411. The types of application described are Command Generators, Command Responders, Notification Originators, Notification Receivers, and Proxy Forwarders.
Layer KKR approach to Bloch-wave transmission and reflection: Application to spin-dependent tunneling (1999)

Bloch waves may be reflected and transmitted by planar interfaces. In this paper, we show how the reflection and transmission amplitudes for Bloch waves can be calculated within the layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker formalism. The calculated transmission probability is used to calculate the spin-dependent tunneling conductance for magnetic tunnel junctions formed from ZnSe semiconducting layers sandwiched between two ferromagnetic Fe layers.
WIPI2 Links LC3 Conjugation with PI3P, Autophagosome Formation, and Pathogen Clearance by Recruiting Atg12–5-16L1 (2014)

Mammalian cell homeostasis during starvation depends on initiation of autophagy by endoplasmic reticulum-localized phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) synthesis. Formation of double-membrane autophagosomes that engulf cytosolic components requires the LC3-conjugating Atg12-5-16L1 complex. The molecular mechanisms of Atg12-5-16L1 recruitment and significance of PtdIns(3)P synthesis at autophagosome formation sites are unknown. By identifying interacting partners of WIPIs, WD-repeat PtdIns(3)P effector proteins, we found that Atg16L1 directly binds WIPI2b. Mutation experiments and ectopic localization of WIPI2b to plasma membrane show that WIPI2b is a PtdIns(3)P effector upstream of Atg16L1 and is required for LC3 conjugation and starvation-induced autophagy through recruitment of the Atg12-5-16L1 complex. Atg16L1 mutants, which do not bind WIPI2b but bind FIP200, cannot rescue starvation-induced autophagy in Atg16L1-deficient MEFs. WIPI2b is also required for autophagic clearance of pathogenic bacteria. WIPI2b binds the membrane surrounding Salmonella and recruits the Atg12-5-16L1 complex, initiating LC3 conjugation, autophagosomal membrane formation, and engulfment of Salmonella.
A new femoral drill guide for arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament replacement (1992)

There are an increasing number of drill guides and methods of selecting the most isometric femoral attachment site for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); some of these are complex and time-consuming. The senior author (R.P.) has developed a simple "inside-out" arthroscopic femoral drill guide, which is designed to reliably locate the optimal femoral attachment site. The accuracy and reliability of this guide was assessed in 10 cadaver knees. The isometry of semitendinosus tendon (ST), then patellar bone-tendon-bone (BTB) grafts was assessed in each knee. In no instance, for either reconstruction, was there greater than 3 mm graft movement through a full range of knee motion. Based on this study, we therefore conclude that this very simple drill guide is a useful tool in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction to quickly, easily, and reliably select the optimal femoral attachment site. It also negates the need for a lateral incision when using a BTB graft, thus reducing morbidity and improving cosmesis.
Sequence Evidence for Strong Conservation of the Photoactive Yellow Proteins from the Halophilic Phototrophic Bacteria <i>Chromatium salexigens </i>and <i>Rhodospirillum salexigens</i> (1996)

The photoactive yellow proteins (PYP) have been found to date only in three species of halophilic purple phototrophic bacteria. They have photochemical activity remarkably similar to that of the bacteria rhodopsins. In contrast to rhodopsins, however, the PYPs are small water-soluble proteins. We now report the complete amino acid sequences of Rhodospirillum salexigens and Chromatium salexigens PYP which allow comparison with the known sequence and three-dimensional structure of the prototypic protein from Ectothiorhodospira halophila. Although isolated from three different families of bacteria, the PYP sequences are 70-76% identical. All three contain 125 amino acid residues, and no insertions or deletions are necessary for alignment. This is a remarkable result when it is considered that electron transfer proteins from these purple bacterial species are only 25-40% identical and that insertions and deletions are needed for their proper alignment. It thus appears that PYP has the same important function in each of the purple bacteria and that most of the amino acid residues are necessary to maintain structure and function. By most standards, PYP would be called a "slowly evolving protein". R. salexigens PYP is uniquely degraded by proteolysis at low ionic strength, probably as a consequence of unfolding due to electrostatic repulsion of the excess negative charge. Therefore it may also be classified as a "halophilic protein".
Near-Field Ultrasound Imaging During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (2017)

NFUS catheter imaging reliably assesses electrode-tissue contact and wall thickness. Its use during radiofrequency catheter ablation may allow the operator to assess the depth of ablation required for transmural lesion formation to optimize power delivery.
Fabrication of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Films on Glassy Carbon Electrode by Self-Assembly Method and Their Electrocatalytic Application (2013)

We report a simple, facile, and reproducible method for the fabrication of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) films on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by the self-assembly method. The graphene precursor, graphene oxide (GO), was self-assembled on GCE through a diamine linker which was preassembled on GCE by electrostatic interaction between the positively charged amine and the negatively charged layers of graphene oxide (GO). The oxygen functional groups present on the surface of GO were electrochemically reduced to retain the aromatic backbone of graphene. The attachment of GO followed by its electrochemical reduction was confirmed by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectra show that the intensity ratio of D and G bands was increased after the electrochemical reduction of GO. XPS results reveal that the carbon-to-oxygen ratio was increased after the electrochemical reduction of electrostatically assembled GO. Further, Raman and XPS results confirm the removal of oxygen functional groups present on the surface of GO after electrochemical reduction. Impedance spectral studies show that the electron transfer reaction was facile at ERGO modified GCE. Finally, the electrocatalytic activity of ERGO was examined by studying the oxidations of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). It enhanced the oxidation currents of AA, DA, and UA when compared to bare GCE. The electrocatalytic activity of the present modified electrode was highly stable.
Gα12 activates Rho GTPase through tyrosine-phosphorylated leukemia-associated RhoGEF (2003)

Heterotrimeric G proteins, G12 and G13, have been shown to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to activate Rho GTPase in cells. Recently, we identified p115RhoGEF, one of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho, as a direct link between Galpha13 and Rho [Kozasa, T., et al. (1998) Science 280, 2109-2111; Hart, M. J., et al. (1998) Science 280, 2112-2114]. Activated Galpha13 stimulated the RhoGEF activity of p115 through interaction with the N-terminal RGS domain. However, Galpha12 could not activate Rho through p115, although it interacted with the RGS domain of p115. The biochemical mechanism from Galpha12 to Rho activation remained unknown. In this study, we analyzed the interaction of leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG), which also contains RGS domain, with Galpha12 and Galpha13. RGS domain of LARG demonstrated Galpha12- and Galpha13-specific GAP activity. LARG synergistically stimulated SRF activation by Galpha12 and Galpha13 in HeLa cells, and the SRF activation by Galpha12-LARG was further stimulated by coexpression of Tec tyrosine kinase. It was also found that LARG is phosphorylated on tyrosine by Tec. In reconstitution assays, the RhoGEF activity of nonphosphorylated LARG was stimulated by Galpha13 but not Galpha12. However, when LARG was phosphorylated by Tec, Galpha12 effectively stimulated the RhoGEF activity of LARG. These results demonstrate the biochemical mechanism of Rho activation through Galpha12 and that the regulation of RhoGEFs by heterotrimeric G proteins G1213 is further modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
Centromeres of the Fission Yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> Are Highly Variable Genetic Loci (1993)

Gross variations in the structure of the centromere of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome III (cen3) were apparent following characterization of this centromeric DNA in strain Sp223 and comparison of the structure with that of cen3 in three other commonly used laboratory strains. Further differences in centromere structure were revealed when the structure of the centromere of S. pombe chromosome II (cen2) was compared among common laboratory strains and when the structures of cen2 and cen3 from our laboratory strains were compared with those reported from other laboratories. Differences observed in cen3 structure include variations in the arrangement of the centromeric K repeats and an inverted orientation of the conserved centromeric central core. In addition, we have identified two laboratory strains that contain a minimal cen2 repeat structure that lacks the tandem copies of the cen2-specific block of K-L-B-J repeats characteristic of Sp223 cen2. We have also determined that certain centromeric DNA structural motifs are relatively conserved among the four laboratory strains and eight additional wild-type S. pombe strains isolated from various food and beverage sources. We conclude that in S. pombe, as in higher eukaryotes, the centromere of a particular chromosome is not a defined genetic locus but can contain significant variability. However, the basic DNA structural motif of a central core immediately flanked by inverted repeats is a common parameter of the S. pombe centromere.