gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ectopic expression of a GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase, GlcNAc6ST-2, in colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma (2002)

The content of sulfated glycans having 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc residues alters in the course of colonic carcinogenesis. We previously characterized two GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferases (SulTs), SulT-a and -b, expressed in colonic normal tissues and adenocarcinomas [Seko et al. (2000) Glycobiology, 10, 919-929]. Levels of the enzymatic activities of SulT-a in normal colonic mucosa are higher than those in colonic adenocarcinomas, and the enzymatic activities of SulT-b are detected only in mucinous adenocarcinomas. To determine which GlcNAc 6-O-SulTs cloned so far correspond to SulT-a and -b, we expressed seven enzymes of a Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O-SulT family in COS-7 cells and examined their substrate specificities in comparison with those of SulT-a and -b. GlcNAc6ST-2 (HEC-GlcNAc6ST, LSST, or GST-3) can recognize GlcNAcbeta1-->3GalNAcalpha1-O-pNP as a good acceptor as well as other O-linked- and N-linked-type oligosaccharides, and its substrate specificity was similar to that of SulT-b. GlcNAc6ST-3(I-GlcNAc6ST or GST-4alpha) preferred Galbeta1-->3(GlcNAcbeta1-->6)GalNAcalpha1-O-pNP as an acceptor to the other oligosaccharides examined, and its specificity was similar to that of SulT-a. To confirm these correspondences, we further performed quantitative analyses of transcripts for GlcNAc6ST-2 and -3 genes by competitive RT-PCR. As a result, GlcNAc6ST-2 gene was expressed in almost all the mucinous adenocarcinomas examined and hardly expressed in normal colonic mucosa and nonmucinous adenocarcinoma. Expression levels of transcript for GlcNAc6ST-3 in normal mucosa were significantly higher than those in adenocarcinomas. From these results, it was indicated that GlcNAc6ST-2 corresponds to mucinous adenocarcinoma-specific SulT-b and that expression of GlcNAc6ST-3 is down-regulated in colonic adenocarcinomas.
Design method of EBG material with wide defect band (2009)

A new Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) material with defect is proposed. It is constructed by double-layer Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) periodically arranged in the zdirection. A periodicity defect is introduced in the middle of the structure. Resulted EBG material with defect is composed of two double-layer FSS with wavelength spacing between them. Due to the presence of the defect, an allowed frequency band is created within the material band gap. The width of the formed defect band is increased compared to classical EBG materials with defect. The new material is applied in the design of a resonator antenna. The resonator, formed by a double-layer FSS and a metallic ground, is fed by a patch source placed at the proximity of the ground. The antenna bandwidth is significantly improved by virtue of employing the EBG material with defect of wider allowed band. The participation of each FSS layer in the antenna bandwidth enhancement is described.
Built-in self-test and recovery procedures for molecular electronics-based nanofabrics (2007)

In this paper, a built-in self-test (BIST) procedure is proposed for testing and fault tolerance of molecular electronicsbased nanofabrics. The nanofabrics are assumed to include up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> devices/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ; this requires new test strategies that can efficiently test and diagnose the nanofabrics in a reasonable time. Our BIST procedure utilizes nanofabric components as small test groups containing test pattern generator and response analyzer. Small test groups (fine-grained test) result in higher diagnosability and recovery. The proposed technique applies the test in parallel with a low number of test configurations resulting in a manageable test time. Due to high defect density of nanofabrics, an efficient diagnosis procedure is done after BIST procedure to achieve high recovery. This is called recovery-increase procedure, and this increases the available number of fault-free components detected in a nanochip. Finally, a defect database called defect map is created to be used by compilers during the configuration of the nanofabrics to avoid defective components. This results in a reliable system constructed from unreliable components. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BIST and recovery-increase procedures.
Database concurrency control in multilevel secure database management systems (1993)

Concurrent execution of transactions in database management systems (DBMSs) may lead to contention for access to data, which in a multilevel secure DBMS (MLS/DBMS) may lead to insecurity. Security issues involved in database concurrency control for MLS/DBMSs are examined, and it is shown how a scheduler can affect security. Data conflict security, (DC-security), a property that implies a system is free of covert channels due to contention for access to data, is introduced. A definition of DC-security based on noninterference is presented. Two properties that constitute a necessary condition for DC-security are introduced along with two simpler necessary conditions. A class of schedulers called output-state-equivalent is identified for which another criterion implies DC-security. The criterion considers separately the behavior of the scheduler in response to those inputs that cause rollback and those that do not. The security properties of several existing scheduling protocols are characterized. Many are found to be insecure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting slow structural transitions in macromolecular systems: Conformational flooding (1995)

We present a method to predict complex structural (conformational) transitions in irregular or disordered macromolecular systems, such as proteins or glasses, at the atomic level. Our method aims at rare events, which currently cannot be predicted with traditional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, since these currently are limited to time scales shorter than a few nanoseconds. Given an initial conformation of the system, our method identifies one or more product states, which may be separated from the initial state by free energy barriers that are large on the scale of thermal energy. It also provides an approximate reaction path, which can be used to determine barrier heights or reaction rates with the usual techniques. The method employs an artificial potential that destabilizes the initial conformation and, thereby, lowers free energy barriers of structural transitions. As a result, transitions are accelerated and may be observed in MD simulations. An analytical estimate for the acceleration factor is given. The method is applied to two test systems, an argon microcluster and a simplified protein model. By these studies we demonstrated that our method is capable of shortening mean transition times from 0.5 \ensuremath{\mu}s (argon cluster) and 1.4 ns (protein model) to a few picoseconds. These results suggest that our method is particularly well suited to study biochemically relevant conformational motions in proteins at a microsecond time scale.
The DARPA TIPSTER project (1992)

This note is the first of four papers in this issue describing the ongoing work connected with the DARPA TIPSTER Project. The note provides an overview of the project, and the next papers by three of the contractors involved in the project provide some details on the systems involved, and some of the initial results.The TIPSTER project is sponsored by the Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA/SISTO) in an effort to significantly advance the state of the art in effective document detection (information retrieval) and data extraction from large, real-world data collections. The first two-year phase of the program is concerned with the development of algorithms for document retrieval, document routing, and data extraction that are both domain and language independent. A call for proposals was made in June of 1990, and contracts for the six participating groups were let in the fall of 1991. Three meetings have been held so far, with the first results presented in September of 1992.There are two separate, but connected parts of TIPSTER. The first part of the project, document detection, is concerned with retrieving relevant documents" from very large (3 gigabyte) collections of documents, both in a routing environment, and in an adhoc retrieval environment. The routing environment is similar to the document filtering or profile searches currently done in libraries, where a query topic is constant, and the documents are viewed as the incoming stream of publications. The adhoc part of the project is similar to the standard search done against static collections.The second part of the TIPSTER project is concerned with data extraction. Here it is assumed that there is a much smaller set of documents, presumed to be mostly relevant to a topic, and the goal is to extract information to fill a database. This database could then be used for many applications, such as question-answering systems, report writing, or data analysis. The data extraction part of TIPSTER is being done by groups using natural language understanding techniques, and this part will not be described in this issue.
Normal plasma lipoproteins and fertility in gene-targeted mice homozygous for a disruption in the gene encoding very low density lipoprotein receptor. (1995)

The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor is a recently cloned member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family that mediates the binding and uptake of VLDL when overexpressed in animal cells. Its sequence is 94% identical in humans and rabbits and 84% identical in humans and chickens, implying a conserved function. Its high level expression in muscle and adipose tissue suggests a role in VLDL triacylglycerol delivery. Mutations in the chicken homologue cause female sterility, owing to impaired VLDL and vitellogenin uptake during egg yolk formation. We used homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells to produce homozygous knockout mice that lack immunodetectable VLDL receptors. Homozygous mice of both sexes were viable and normally fertile. Plasma levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and lipoproteins were normal when the mice were fed normal, high-carbohydrate, or high-fat diets. The sole abnormality detected was a modest decrease in body weight, body mass index, and adipose tissue mass as determined by the weights of epididymal fat pads. We conclude that the VLDL receptor is not required for VLDL clearance from plasma or for ovulation in mice.
Decreased brain infarct following focal ischemia in mice lacking the transcription factor E2F1 (1999)

E2F1+/- mice subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion developed an infarct of 77.0 +/- 3.2 mm3 (mean +/- s.e.m., n = 15) in the ischemic hemisphere after 24 h reperfusion. A significantly smaller infarct of 58.8 +/- 4.8 mm3 (n = 15; p < 0.01) was found in E2F1-/- animals. Both deficient and normal mice had similar cerebral angioarchitecture and intra-ischemic decreases in regional blood flow. Similar areas of hypoxia in both groups of ischemic animals were demonstrated directly by immunohistochemical detection of nitroimidazole adducts. It was concluded that all animals received the same ischemic insult, yet the subsequent damage was different in the mutant mice. This is the first indication that the E2F1 gene plays a role in ischemic death of post-mitotic neurons.
Target-Based Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to NBTI 5463, a Novel Bacterial Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitor (2014)

In a previous report (T. J. Dougherty, A. Nayar, J. V. Newman, S. Hopkins, G. G. Stone, M. Johnstone, A. B. Shapiro, M. Cronin, F. Reck, and D. E. Ehmann, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:2657-2664, 2014), a novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor, NBTI 5463, with activity against Gram-negative pathogens was described. First-step resistance mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa arose exclusively in the nfxB gene, a regulator of the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump system. The present report describes further resistance studies with NBTI 5463 in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Second-step mutations in P. aeruginosa arose at aspartate 82 of the gyrase A subunit and led to 4- to 8-fold increases in the MIC over those seen in the parental strain with a first-step nfxB efflux mutation. A third-step mutant showed additional GyrA changes, with no changes in topoisomerase IV. Despite repeated efforts, resistance mutations could not be selected in E. coli. Genetic introduction of the Asp82 mutations observed in P. aeruginosa did not significantly increase the NBTI MIC in E. coli. However, with the aspartate 82 mutation present, it was possible to select second-step mutations in topoisomerase IV that did lead to MIC increases of 16- and 128-fold. As with the gyrase aspartate 82 mutation, the mutations in topoisomerase IV did not by themselves raise the NBTI MIC in E. coli. Only the presence of mutations in both targets of E. coli led to an increase in NBTI MIC values. This represents a demonstration of the value of balanced dual-target activity in mitigating resistance development.
Quantum cascade semiconductor infrared and far-infrared lasers: from trace gas sensing to non-linear optics (2005)

The Quantum cascade (QC) laser is an entirely new type of semiconductor device in which the laser wavelength depends on the band-gap engineering. It can be made to operate over a much larger range than lead salt lasers, covering significant parts of both the infrared and submillimetre regions, and with higher output power. In this tutorial review we survey some of the applications of these new lasers, which range from trace gas detection for atmospheric or medical purposes to sub-Doppler and time dependent non-linear spectroscopy.
Hypoxemia during Cardiopulmonary Bypass from Leaks in the Gas Supply System (1985)

Department of Anesthesia Wake Forest University Medical Center Bowman Gray School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC 27103
A compact compliant actuator (CompAct&#x2122;) with variable physical damping (2011)

The new areas of technical exploitation of robotics systems has recently set new trends for the robotic actuation by demanding more versatile systems which can cope with unpredictable interactions within not well defined environments and work in close vicinity with the human. Following these trends, this work presents the development of a new actuation system with embodied characteristics such as passive compliance and variable physical damping. Compared to the other existing compliant linear or rotary actuators the proposed CompAct unit has the ability to regulate the oscillations induced by the introduction of the compliance by means of a variable physical damping actuator (VPDA) unit. Apart from facilitating the control the VPDA unit can assist in managing the energy transfer from/to the compliant module. The mechatronics, model and control scheme of the CompAct are analysed. The overall system is evaluated with experimental trials performed using a prototype unit. Preliminary results are presented to show that the unit and the proposed control scheme are capable of regulating the impedance components (stiffness and damping) within a wide range and with good fidelity.
Part F, Coelenterata, Ch. 4, p. 328-437 (1956)

most vital part of anthozoan polyps. With their filaments, they are the organs of digestion, ab-
Functional Properties and Phytate Content of Pea Protein Preparations (1986)

ABSTRACT The functional properties of pea‐protein preparations produced by an acid extraction method were evaluated and compared with those of vital wheat gluten and a soy‐protein isolate and concentrate. The pea‐protein preparations had better solubility in water than the other products studied. Their water absorption was lower than that of the soy‐protein products but much higher than for the gluten‐protein preparation. However, the fat absorption of the pea‐protein product was poor but comparable to that of gluten. The pea‐protein preparation had good emulsifying activity, comparable to that of the soy‐protein isolates. Its phytate content was fairly high, compared to other plant‐protein products.
Effect of pH During Heat Processing of Partially Hydrolyzed Whey Protein (1994)

Whey protein isolate was modified by proteolysis using a broad-spectrum protease in combination with heat treatment of the hydrolysate. Half of the beta-lactoglobulin content was hydrolyzed when the degree of hydrolysis reached 5.1%. alpha-Lactalbumin and BSA were not attacked by the enzyme. Heating of the hydrolysate resulted in the formation of small and large aggregates, the proportion of which depended on the degree of hydrolysis and the pH during heating. The decrease in total sulfhydryl groups, as the degree of hydrolysis and heating pH increased, was associated with the formation of disulfide bonds. Whey protein hydrolysis at a degree of hydrolysis of 1.7%, followed by heating at pH 8.0, resulted in the highest amount of accessible sulfhydryl groups, reflecting the unfolded structure of the aggregates. Hydrolysate solubility at neutral pH averaged 98% when pH during heating was 4.0 or 8.0. Heating of whey protein at pH 6.0 resulted in a much lower solubility, which was attributed to the high proportion of large aggregates. Solubility of the hydrolysate at pH 4.5 was higher when pH during heating was adjusted to 4.0. Solubility of the hydrolysate heated at pH 6.0 and 8.0 improved with degree of hydrolysis > 1.7%. Results are discussed in relation to interactions of proteins and peptides during heat processing.
Accurate determination of planar near-field correction parameters for linearly polarized probes (1988)

A procedure used by the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for accurately determining the plane-wave receiving parameters of both single- and dual-port linearly polarized probes is described. Examples are presented, and the effect of these probe receiving characteristics in the calculation of the parameters for the antenna under test is demonstrated using the required planar near-field theory. The planar near-field theory necessary to accomplish probe correction and to formulate probe parameter errors is presented in a concise and meaningful way to help understand when probe correction is or is not needed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trapidil inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage accumulation after balloon arterial injury in rabbits. (1999)

Trapidil (triazolopyrimidine) is an antiplatelet agent that acts in part as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and as a competitive inhibitor of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. Trapidil has been shown to attenuate intimal hyperplasia in rat and hamster models of balloon arterial injury and to inhibit restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in several small clinical trials. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a PDGF-inducible monocyte chemoattractant that is thought to play a particularly important role in recruiting monocyte/macrophages to sites of atherosclerosis and vessel injury. We hypothesized that, because of its ability to antagonize PDGF-mediated events, trapidil would inhibit the synthesis of MCP-1 and decrease macrophage accumulation in the injured arterial wall. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits were treated with trapidil (60 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) the day before and then daily for 6 days after balloon injury of the femoral artery; control rabbits received vehicle only. Trapidil resulted in a 75% reduction in MCP-1 expression and macrophage accumulation in the arterial wall 7 days after injury. This study suggests that trapidil has potent anti-inflammatory properties and that its activity in attenuating intimal hyperplasia may be in part attributed to its effects on macrophage accumulation.
Psychiatry's shocking new tools [brain stimulation techniques] (2006)

This paper describes several new brain stimulation techniques for treating patients suffering from severe depression. These techniques involve the use of electronic implants that send signals to specific points of the brain to reduce or eliminate severe chronic depression in some people. They are more effective alternatives to such treatment options as psychiatric counselling as well as drug and electroconvulsive therapy since their effects are longer lasting and they do not cause any side effects. These techniques are: vagus nerve stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation.
User-Habit-Oriented Authentication Model: Toward Secure, User-Friendly Authentication for Mobile Devices (2015)

Mobile device security has become increasingly important as we become more dependent on mobile devices. One fundamental security problem is user authentication, and if not executed correctly, leaves the mobile user vulnerable to harm like impersonation and unauthorized access. Although many user authentication mechanisms have been presented in the past, studies have shown mobile users preferring usability over security. Furthermore, mobile users often unlock their devices in public spaces, inevitably resulting in a high possibility of user credentials disclosure. Motivated by the above, we introduce a novel user-habit-oriented authentication model, where mobile users can integrate their own habits (or hobbies) with user authentication on mobile devices. The user-habit-oriented authentication turns a tedious security action into an enjoyable experience. In addition, we propose a rhythm-based authentication scheme, providing the first proof of concept toward secure user-habit-oriented authentication for mobile devices. The proposed scheme also takes the first step toward using the theory of mind into security field. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has high accuracy in terms of false rejection rate. In addition, the proposed scheme is able to protect from attacks caused by credential disclosure, which could be fatal if it was done through the traditional schemes.
Reconfigurable multi-port antennas for handheld devices (2009)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is a technique which can increase capacity by exploiting multiple antennas in transceivers without the need for extra spectrum or transmit power. This technique is expected to be employed in handheld devices as high bit rate intensive applications become more popular, such as internet access, high definition signal transmission or on-line gaming. However, a major challenge for integrating a multiple-antenna system in a handheld device is the arrangement of the antennas, as they cannot be placed anywhere without considering the coupling effect between elements. However the volume of the handheld is strictly limited and therefore fundamental limits restrict what operating configurations of bandwidth, frequency and number of ports that can be achieved. One way forward is to consider reconfigurable antennas that can reuse the existing volume and electronically reconfigure the multi-element antennas to different frequency bands and various multi-port antennas at different times. This paper presents two implementations which can reconfigure the multi-port antennas to operate in lower frequency bands. The first approach uses an additional slot on the ground plane to allow reconfiguration and the second approach is by connecting two short radiating elements together to form a longer current path.