gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attention based English-Bodo Neural Machine Translation System for Tourism Domain (2019)

Bodo language is a relatively low resource language. Other than the text-book, novels and some print publication of newspaper, there appears to be very few resources available in the public domain. As the technology becomes affordable there is a growing number of active Bodo internet users. It requires a technology that can bring information in their own language. Machine translation appears to be a promising solution for that purpose. In this work we build an English-Bodo Neural Machine Translation by adopting a two layered bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) cells that can capture the long term dependencies. As very few work has been done on English-Bodo NMT, we make our baseline model which produced a BLEU Score of 11.8 . We then gradually overcome the baseline model by introducing several attention mechanism. We achieved a BLEU Score of 16.71 using the approach presented in Bahdanu. Furthermore we got a better BLEU score of 17.9 when we introduced beam search with a beam width of 5. We found that the model performs very well despite the few dataset available.
Watch out for the preview: The effects of a preview on the usability of a Content Management System and on the users’ confidence level (2008)

As time moves on, a trend crystallizes that sets new requirements on Content Management Systems. The circle of users shifts from a small technically experienced group to a large network of inexperienced editors. Literature stresses that a higher need for usability is present if personnel with a low grade of human computer interaction expertise is using a system. But how can system designers accomplish a high level of usability? This study suggests a preview as an important factor for strengthening the usability (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction) of a Content Management System. The findings of this study support the hypothesis: the results showed that a preview enhances the users’ satisfaction with the system. Moreover, the study shows that the users’ confidence to be able to work with the system is an important factor; the results showed positive correlations between confidence and satisfaction and between confidence and effectiveness.
Optimum Space-Diversity Receiver for Class A Noise Channels (2004)

Based on the theory of multiple-sample detection of signal vectors, we propose an optimum space-diversity receiver specifically designed for power-line channels dominated by asynchronous impulsive noise. By simultaneously transmitting the same symbol over two wires and performing two-branch maximal-ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver, the proposed scheme extracts diversity gain without bandwidth expansion. Assuming impulse noise estimation (INE) at the receiver, the new system outperforms the equivalent diversity structure with conventional AWGN detection over the full range of SNR levels. For low values of SNR, distance gains in the order of 100 metres can be achieved over the use of single-wire power-line communication systems.
BCL6 breaks occur at different AID sequence motifs in Ig–BCL6 and non-Ig–BCL6 rearrangements (2013)

BCL6 translocations are common in B-cell lymphomas and frequently have chromosomal breaks in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch regions, suggesting that they occur during class-switch recombination. We analyze 120 BCL6 translocation breakpoints clustered in a 2156-bp segment of BCL6 intron 1, including 62 breakpoints (52%) joined to IgH, 12 (10%) joined to Ig light chains, and 46 (38%) joined to non-Ig partners. The BCL6 breaks in Ig-BCL6 translocations prefer known activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) hotspots such as WGCW and WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G), whereas BCL6 breaks in non-Ig rearrangements occur at CpG/CGC sites in addition to WGCW. Unlike previously identified CpG breaks in pro-B/pre-B-cell translocations, the BCL6 breaks do not show evidence of recombination activating gene or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Both WGCW/WRC and CpG/CGC breaks at BCL6 are most likely initiated by AID in germinal center B-cells, and their differential use suggests subtle mechanistic differences between Ig-BCL6 and non-Ig-BCL6 rearrangements.
Scaling of analog-to-digital converters into ultra-deep-submicron CMOS (2006)

This paper presents the opportunities and challenges for scaling A/D converters into ultra-deep-submicron CMOS technologies. With faster transistors and better matching, the trend is to migrate into higher sample rates with lower resolutions. Limited dynamic range at low supply voltages remains the utmost challenge for high-resolution Nyquist converters, and oversampling will become the dominant technique in this arena in the future. Linearity correction with digital calibration is also becoming prevalent as the efficiency of calibration circuitry improves
Kinetic Studies of Crystallization of Fluor-richterite Composition Glass (1971)

The kinetics of the crystallization of fluor-richterite and a layer-structure crystalline phase from the glass as poured (S 000), the phase separated glass (S 600) and the partly crystallized glass (S 625) were studied by a quantitative X-ray powder diffraction method. The following results were obtained:1) The crystallization of fluor-richterite occured in the temperature range between 638°C and 1100°C and the largest amount of fluor-richtrite was observed in the heat-treated sample at 1000°C. The rate of the crystallization in S 600 was larger than those in S 000 and S 625.2) The crystallization of a layer-structure crystalline phase occured in the temperature range between 600°C and 700°C. The amount of the crystalline phase increased with heating time at a constant temperature in the earlier stage and decreased in the latter stage of crystallization. The largest amount of the crystalline phase was observed in the heat-treated sample at 663°C for 2hr. The rate of the crystallization was larger in S 600 than those in S 000.3) The analisis of X-ray powder diffraction data using Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation showed that the rate of crystallization of each crystalline phase at the temperature under 700°C depended on the nucleation rate of each phase.4) The activation energy of nucleation of fluor-richterite and a layer-structure crystalline phase ware 110-164kcal/mole and 88kcal/mole, respectively.
Conditional syntactic specification (1973)

In this paper, the shortcomings of Backus Naur specification of the syntactic properties of programming languages are investigated and a method for the specification of context-sensitive properties is suggested. Based on the notation of the tree structures of the Vienna Definition Language [Lu 1], samples of descriptions of context-sensitive grammars are presented as sets of conditionals which operate over the derivation trees of context-free specifications in BNF grammars to eliminate the extra-lingual features. The method is also extended to provide a syntactic specification of the default attributes of a language by the description of modifications which are to be made to the parsed form (syntactic tree) of instances of the language. For the purposes of example, a mini-language (ML 5/2) is presented. This paper exemplifies the problems of parameter passing and provides examples of the context-sensitive conditions of matching procedure calls and their declarations as well as matching parameters and their corresponding arguments.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring in Neuroendovascular Surgery (2012)

These results suggest that TcMEP monitoring is feasible in therapeutic neuroendovascular procedures. However, it appears that the addition of TcMEP monitoring provides no added benefit to SSEP and EEG monitoring alone.
Episome-carried Surface Antigen K88 of<i>Escherichia coli</i>III. Morphology (1967)

Two nonfimbriate strains of Escherichia coli and their K88 + counterparts, obtained by episomal transfer of this antigen, were studied with the electron microscope. Specimens were prepared with the spray drop method and were studied after shadow-casting. Under these conditions, the alteration in surface structure, due to the acquisition of K88 antigen, appeared as a fur of fine filaments, distinctly more flexible than fimbriae. Purified K88 antigen was also studied and found to have the same structure.
Structural Results on the Optimal Transmission Scheduling Policies and Costs for Correlated Sources and Channels (2006)

The problem of transmission adaptation over a correlated time-varying wireless channel is formulated as a Constrained Markov Decision Process. The model includes a transmission buffer and finite state Markov model for time-varying radio channel and incoming traffic. This crosslayer optimization problem is formulated as to minimize the transmission cost (e.g. power or bit-error-rate) under the constraint on a buffer cost such as the transmission delay. Under the assumptions on submodularity and convexity of the cost function it is shown that the optimal randomized policy is monotonically increasing with the increase of the buffer state.
A gallium arsenide SDFL gate array with on-chip RAM (1984)

Describes a GaAs gate array with on-chip RAM based on the Schottky diode field-effect transistor logic (SDFL) technology. The array features 432 programmable SDFL cells, 32 programmable interface input-output (I/O) buffers, and four 4/spl times/4 bit static random access memories (RAM) on a 147 mil/spl times/185 mil chip. Each SDFL cell can be programmed as a NOR gate with as many as 8 inputs with a buffered or unbuffered output or as a dual OR-NAND gate with four inputs per side. The interface I/O buffer can be programmed for ECL, TTL, CMOS, and SDFL logic families. Each 4/spl times/4 bit RAM is fully decoded using SDFL circuits (depletion-mode MESFET). Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of GaAs SDFL for fast gate array and memory applications.
Deposition of amorphous fluoropolymer thin films by thermolysis of Teflon amorphous fluoropolymer (1992)

Thin films (0.3–5 μm) of an amorphous fluoropolymer (AF) derived from the copolymeric material Teflon AF 1600 were deposited on Si (100) wafers by vacuum pyrolysis. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the composition of the deposited films was similar to the source material. The deposited films were amorphous by x-ray diffraction. The surface morphology contained micropores which did not extend through films deposited at a low rate. The refractive index was ∼1.2 at 633 nm. Comparisons are made to films derived from ordinary Teflon (also by pyrolysis). The mechanism for the repolymerization of the Teflon AF copolymer at the substrate surface is discussed.
Copper(I)-Catalyzed Disilylation of Alkylidene Malonates Employing a Lewis Base Activation Strategy (2003)

The disilylation of activated alpha,alpha-unsaturated esters has been accomplished by utilizing symmetrical disilanes and catalytic quantities of copper(I) salts in the presence of Lewis bases such as DMF. This new methodology with various alkylidene malonates is moderate to high yielding and affords alpha-silyl diesters, compounds that previously have not been readily accessible, that can be further manipulated to cleanly afford useful alpha-substituted alpha-hydroxy esters.
Combustion synthesis of porous materials for bone replacement. (2001)

Production of highly porous composite materials by traditional materials processing is limited by difficult processing techniques. However, combustion or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) allows many porous ceramic, intermetallic, glass, and metallic systems to be formed with relative ease. Examination of the SHS reaction parameters that control the extent of porosity further increases the feasibility of producing novel composites for such uses as bone implant applications. Combustion Synthesis of porous Ti-TiBx and NiTi composite materials have been studied with respect to the sensitivity to the SHS reaction parameters of stoichiometry, green density, gasifying agents, and gravity. The main objective of this research program is to engineer the required porosity and mechanical properties into the composite materials to meet the requirements of a consumer, such as for the application of bone replacement materials. Biomedical results indicated strongly that there is natural bone ingrowth with no apparent immune response in the composite materials produced by this process.
Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Melittin on Cisplatin Resistant and Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Mass Spectrometry and Biolog Microarray Technology (2016)

In the present study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to characterise the metabolic profiles of two human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780CR (cisplatin-resistant) in response to their exposure to melittin, a cytotoxic peptide from bee venom. In addition, the metabolomics data were supported by application of Biolog microarray technology to examine the utilisation of carbon sources by the two cell lines. Data extraction with MZmine 2.14 and database searching were applied to provide metabolite lists. Principal component analysis (PCA) gave clear separation between the cisplatin-sensitive and resistant strains and their respective controls. The cisplatin-resistant cells were slightly more sensitive to melittin than the sensitive cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 4.5 and 6.8 μg/mL respectively, although the latter cell line exhibited the greatest metabolic perturbation upon treatment. The changes induced by melittin in the cisplatin-sensitive cells led mostly to reduced levels of amino acids in the proline/glutamine/arginine pathway, as well as to decreased levels of carnitines, polyamines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The effects on energy metabolism were supported by the data from the Biolog assays. The lipid compositions of the two cell lines were quite different with the A2780 cells having higher levels of several ether lipids than the A2780CR cells. Melittin also had some effect on the lipid composition of the cells. Overall, this study suggests that melittin might have some potential as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.
[Multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy with urokinase and/or anticoagulant with low molecular weight heparin in acute pulmonary embolism]. (2002)

Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase combined with low molecular weight heparin is effective and safe for acute pulmonary embolism.
Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities and Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Profiles of Wild-Harvested and Cultivated Edible Canadian Marine Red Macroalgae (2016)

Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) profiles of methanol extracts from edible wild-harvested (Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata) and cultivated (C. crispus) marine red macroalgae were studied herein. Palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, palythinol, porphyra-334 and usujirene MAAs were identified in the macroalgal extracts by LC/MS/MS. Extract reducing activity rankings were (p < 0.001): wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus = wild M. stellatus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus; whereas oxygen radical absorbance capacities were (p < 0.001): wild M. stellatus > wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus. Extracts were antiproliferative against HeLa and U-937 cells (p < 0.001) from 0.125-4 mg/mL, 24 h. Wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts increased (p < 0.001) HeLa caspase-3/7 activities and the proportion of cells arrested at Sub G₁ (apoptotic) compared to wild-harvested C. crispus and M. stellatus extracts. HeLa cells incubated with wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts also exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis (shrinkage, rounding). Thus, extracts rich in low-polarity usujirene and polar palythine and asterina-330 MAAs were antiproliferative as inducers of apoptosis in HeLa cells.
The growth of biomedical terahertz research (2014)

Interest in biomedical terahertz research is growing rapidly and there are now several terahertz groups in Asia, Europe and the US investigating potential applications such as pharmaceutical quality control, protein characterization and cancer detection. This review article outlines the technological bottlenecks that have been overcome which have made biomedical terahertz research possible. Key research findings will be presented, and the limitations that remain and the research initiatives that strive to address them will also be discussed.
Design of wood structures (1980)

The fourth edition of this text on wood design will incorporate the latest changes and additions in the major codes concerning the use of wood in building design. Breyer plans to include the latest information on loading criteria and lateral forces (wind and earthquake) design.
Ligands Make the Difference! Molecular Insights into Cr<sup>VI</sup>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Phillips Catalyst during Ethylene Polymerization (2017)

Operando-sensitive spectroscopic techniques were employed for investigating the changes in the molecular structure of the Cr sites in the Cr<sup>VI</sup>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Phillips catalyst during ethylene polymerization. Practically, the most arduous barrier to be overcome was the separation of the chromates reduction carried out by ethylene from the subsequent polymerization. By carefully tuning the experimental parameters we succeeded in observing these two events separately. We found that the sites involved in ethylene polymerization are mainly divalent Cr ions in a 6-fold coordination, in interaction with the oxygenated byproduct (mostly methylformate, generated from the disproportionation of two formaldehyde molecules). Unreduced Cr<sup>VI</sup> species are also present during ethylene polymerization as well as reduced Cr species (either Cr<sup>II</sup> or Cr<sup>III</sup>) acting as spectators. Our results challenge the old vision of "naked" chromium species (i.e., low coordinated) as the active sites and attribute a fundamental role to external (and flexible) oxygenated ligands that resemble the ancillary ligands in homogeneous polymerization catalysis.
AWARE: Mobile Context Instrumentation Framework (2015)

We present a mobile instrumentation toolkit, AWARE, an open-source effort to develop an extensible and reusable platform for capturing, inferring, and generating context on mobile devices. Mobile phones are sensor-rich but resource-constrained, and therefore several considerations need to be addressed when creating a research tool that ensures problem-free context collection. We demonstrate how AWARE can mitigate researchers’ effort when building mobile data-logging tools and context-aware applications, with minimal battery impact. By encapsulating implementation details of sensor data retrieval and exposing the sensed context as higher-level abstractions, AWARE shifts the focus from software development to data analysis, both quantitative and qualitative. We have evaluated AWARE in several case studies and discuss its use, power consumption, and scalability.
Academic Sequencers Challenge Celera in a Sprint to the Finish (1999)

Several large grants announced this week by the U.S. government and the Wellcome Trust, a U.K. charity, may make it possible for researchers to determine the order of the 3 billion bases in the human genetic code much earlier than expected--by the spring of 2000. On 15 March, the National Human Genome Research Institute announced that it had selected three major centers to do high-volume human DNA sequencing, awarding them $81.6 million over the next 10 months. At the same time, the Wellcome Trust upped this year9s support of the human genome sequencing effort by the Sanger Centre in Cambridge, England, from $57 million to $77 million. But some fear that the smaller sequencing centers, left out of this round of competition, may become obsolete, and some international partners in the effort are feeling left out.
Chromatic dispersion compensation in coherent optical communications (1990)

Chromatic dispersion compensation techniques in coherent transmission systems are reviewed and discussed for potential feasibility. The key compensation device is the wideband delay equalizer. It is shown that stripline-type delay equalizers have the potential for compensating distortion up to 10 Gb/s using a conventional 1.3- mu m zero-dispersion single-mode fiber at 1.5 mu m. Chromatic dispersion is successfully compensated with a stripline delay for CPFSK transmission at 4 and 6 Gb/s over 200 km of 1.3- mu m zero-dispersion single-mode fiber at 1.55 mu m. The bandwidth requirement of the compensation techniques for heterodyne detection is more than 10 GHz. However, it is difficult to realize such broadband receivers. Therefore, phase diversity detection with dispersion compensation is a promising scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tympanometric measures in older adults. (1996)

Tympanometric measures were obtained in 1240 adults (2147 ears) ranging in age from 48 to 90 years. All subjects reported a negative history of otic disease, passed an otoscopic examination, and did not present a significant air-bone gap based on pure-tone audiometry. Relative to findings for younger adults, tympanometric measures for older adults in the present study showed greater variability, a slightly lower mean peak compensated static acoustic admittance (peak Ytm), and a significantly higher mean equivalent ear-canal volume (Vea). Across age in the present study, Vea tended to decrease with age and tympanogram width (TW) tended to increase with age. Relative to measures for females, males in the present study tended to have higher peak Ytm values, higher Vea values, and slightly lower TW values. Overall, our findings indicate a need to adopt criteria that account for age and gender effects in tympanometry protocols for older adults.
A Common Biosynthetic Pathway Governs the Dimerization and Secretion of Inhibin and Related Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) Ligands (2009)

The assembly and secretion of transforming growth factor beta superfamily ligands is dependent upon non-covalent interactions between their pro- and mature domains. Despite the importance of this interaction, little is known regarding the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In this study, the binding interface between the pro- and mature domains of the inhibin alpha-subunit was characterized using in vitro mutagenesis. Three hydrophobic residues near the N terminus of the prodomain (Leu(30), Phe(37), Leu(41)) were identified that, when mutated to alanine, disrupted heterodimer assembly and secretion. It is postulated that these residues mediate dimerization by interacting non-covalently with hydrophobic residues (Phe(271), Ile(280), Pro(283), Leu(338), and Val(340)) on the outer convex surface of the mature alpha-subunit. Homology modeling indicated that these mature residues are located at the interface between two beta-sheets of the alpha-subunit and that their side chains form a hydrophobic packing core. Mutation of these residues likely disturbs the conformation of this region, thereby disrupting non-covalent interactions with the prodomain. A similar hydrophobic interface was identified spanning the pro- and mature domains of the inhibin beta(A)-subunit. Mutation of key residues, including Ile(62), Leu(66), Phe(329), and Pro(341), across this interface was disruptive for the production of both inhibin A and activin A. In addition, mutation of Ile(62) and Leu(66) in the beta(A)-propeptide reduced its ability to bind, or inhibit the activity of, activin A. Conservation of the identified hydrophobic motifs in the pro- and mature domains of other transforming growth factor beta superfamily ligands suggests that we have identified a common biosynthetic pathway governing dimer assembly.