gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein expression in primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells. (1994)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is a normal plasma protein and an acute phase reactant important for host responses to Gram-negative bacteria and LPS. LBP forms high affinity complexes with LPS which bind to CD14, a monocyte surface protein, to initiate the release of inflammatory mediators. We found that human primary hepatocytes synthesize LBP and that the synthesis is up-regulated by interleukin (IL)-6. To examine this phenomenon in more detail, we evaluated the capacity of IL-6, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor to induce LBP synthesis in HepG2 cells in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. IL-6 induced LBP synthesis. Dexamethasone, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor had a synergistic effect when combined with IL-6, but demonstrated minimal effect independently. LBP biosynthesis was evaluated by immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled LBP from HepG2 supernatants, measurement of steady-state LBP mRNA levels, and analysis of LBP-dependent LPS binding to CD14 positive cells. An 35S-labeled, 60-kDa protein was immunoprecipitated with anti-LBP antibody from IL-6-stimulated HepG2 cell supernatants. Northern blot analysis of cellular RNA revealed an increase in LBP mRNA in IL-6-stimulated cells. CD14 expressing cells bound fluoresceinated LPS in the presence of supernatants from HepG2 cells treated with IL-6. These data provide the first information about specific cytokine and dexamethasone regulation of LBP expression in HepG2 cells. LBP behaves like a Type 1 acute phase protein.
Bus, ring, star and tree local area networks (1983)

This paper examines some of the relative merits of Bus, Ring and Star topologies for Local Area Networks, and describes a new structure - the dual rooted tree. The latter produces superior performance for heavy loads and for impulse loads, while avoiding the message length limitations associated with CSMA LAN's. A 50 Mbit/s fibre-optic prototype network has been constructed and tested. A large (250 port) 50 Mbit/s fibre-optic field trial network is now being installed at the University of Toronto.
Field plate engineering for GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (2013)

The practical design of GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) incorporating a field plate (FP) structure necessitates an understanding of their working mechanism and optimization criteria. In this work, the influences of the parameters of FPs upon breakdown of the diode are investigated in detail and the design rules of FP structures for GaN-based SBDs are presented for a wide scale of material and device parameters. By comparing three representative dielectric materials (SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3) selected for fabricating FPs, it is found that the product of dielectric permittivity and critical field strength of a dielectric material could be used as an index to predict its potential performance for FP applications.
Cell cycle tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and a microtubule-associated protein kinase homolog in Xenopus oocytes and eggs. (1991)

We have examined the time course of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the meiotic cell cycles of Xenopus laevis oocytes and the mitotic cell cycles of Xenopus eggs. We have identified two proteins that undergo marked changes in tyrosine phosphorylation during these processes: a 42-kDa protein related to mitogen-activated protein kinase or microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase (MAP kinase) and a 34-kDa protein identical or related to p34cdc2. p42 undergoes an abrupt increase in its tyrosine phosphorylation at the onset of meiosis 1 and remains tyrosine phosphorylated until 30 min after fertilization, at which point it is dephosphorylated. p42 also becomes tyrosine phosphorylated after microinjection of oocytes with partially purified M-phase-promoting factor, even in the presence of cycloheximide. These findings suggest that MAP kinase, previously implicated in the early responses of somatic cells to mitogens, is also activated at the onset of meiotic M phase and that MAP kinase can become tyrosine phosphorylated downstream from M-phase-promoting factor activation. We have also found that p34 goes through a cycle of tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation prior to meiosis 1 and mitosis 1 but is not detectable as a phosphotyrosyl protein during the 2nd through 12th mitotic cell cycles. It may be that the delay between assembly and activation of the cyclin-p34cdc2 complex that p34cdc2 tyrosine phosphorylation provides is not needed in cell cycles that lack G2 phases. Finally, an unidentified protein or group of proteins migrating at 100 to 116 kDa increase in tyrosine phosphorylation throughout maturation, are dephosphorylated or degraded within 10 min of fertilization, and appear to cycle between low-molecular-weight forms and high-molecular-weight forms during early embryogenesis.
Phased arrays around the world - progress and future trends (2004)

This is a survey paper summarizing the developments and future trends in passive, active bipolar and monolithic microwave integrated circuitry (MMIC) phased arrays for ground, ship, air, and space applications. Covered is the DD(X) ship radar suite; THAAD (formerly GBR); European COBRA; Israel BMD radar antennas; Dutch shipboard APAR; airborne US F- 22, JSF and F-18 radars, European AMSAR, Swedish AESA, Japan FSX and Israel Phalcon; Iridium (66 satellites in orbit for total of 198 antennas) and Globalstar MMIC spaceborne active array systems (these last two are communications but the technology is the same as used by radar systems, in fact the IRIDIUM T/R module technology derives from technology developed for a space based radar); Thales (formerly Thomson-CSF) 4 inch MMIC wafer 94 GHz seeker antenna; digital beamforming; ferroelectric row-column scanning; optical electronic scanning for communications and radar; the MMIC C-band to Ku-band Advanced Shared Aperture Program (ASAP) and AMRFS antenna systems for shared use for communications, radar, electronics countermeasures (ECM) and ESM; and continuous transverse stub (CTS) voltage-variable dielectric (VVD) antenna.
A Model for Random Si/Al Distribution in a Zeolite Framework Restricted by Loewenstein's Rule (1996)

Analytical expressions are derived for a description of random Loewenstein Si/Al ordering in the faujasite zeolite framework. These formulas served as a random distribution reference in the analysis by Melchior et al. of 29Si NMR spectra of faujasites for the determination of Si/Al ordering in framework building blocks. The equations are based on a model where correlations between the Al occupancies of T-sites belonging to different four-rings are ignored. This simple approach gives reliable results for 29Si peak intensities when the Si/Al ratio is larger than 1.5.
A Dynamic Energy-efficient Protocol for Reliable and Timely Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks in Control and Automation (2009)

Designing quality of service (QoS) guaranteed communication protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential to exploit the advantages and flexibilities offered by this technology for real-time control and actuation applications. A novel cross-layer protocol that embraces altogether a semi-random routing, MAC, data aggregation, and radio power control for clustered WSNs is presented. The protocol leverages the combination of a randomized and a deterministic approach to ensure robustness over unreliable channels and packet losses. An optimization problem, whose objective function is the network energy consumption, and the constraints are reliability and latency of the packets is modelled and solved to adaptively select the protocol parameters by a simple algorithm. As a relevant contribution, the proposed protocol is completely implemented on a test-bed, and it is compared to existing protocols. Experimental results validate the analysis and show excellent performance in terms of reliability, latency, low node duty cycle, load balancing and dynamic adaptation to the application requirements.
Dielectric Behavior of Semifluorinated <i>n</i>-Alkane (F(CF<sub>2</sub>)n(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>m</sub>H). II (1997)

Abstract Dielectric measurements of diblock semiluorinated n-alkanes, (F(CF2)n(CH2)H), n=10, m=6−14., were carried out in the frequency range 20Hz to 106 Hz and in the temperature range from the waxy solid to isotropic state. Dielectric loss curves were observed only in the mesophase/liquid crystal state. The activation energies for the materials of m=6−9 were smaller than those of m=11 and 12. Single relaxation process can explain the observations in liquid crystalline phase. An alternation in the total integrated intensity, δϵ′ in the vicinity of phase transition temperature was found against even/odd number of carbon in alkyl group.
Object-oriented co-synthesis of distributed embedded systems (2002)

This paper describes a new co-synthesis algorithm which synthesizes a distributed processing engine of arbitrary topology and the application software it executes from an object-oriented specification. Process partitioning is an especially important optimization for such systems because the specification will not in general take into account the process structure required for efficient execution on the distributed engine. Our algorithm takes advantage of the structure of the object-oriented specification to simultaneously partition, allocate, schedule, and map the required function to satisfy performance constraints and minimize costs. Experimental results show that our algorithm provides good results in reasonable CPU times.
Robust video fingerprinting for content-based video identification (2008)

Video fingerprints are feature vectors that uniquely characterize one video clip from another. The goal of video fingerprinting is to identify a given video query in a database (DB) by measuring the distance between the query fingerprint and the fingerprints in the DB. The performance of a video fingerprinting system, which is usually measured in terms of pairwise independence and robustness, is directly related to the fingerprint that the system uses. In this paper, a novel video fingerprinting method based on the centroid of gradient orientations is proposed. The centroid of gradient orientations is chosen due to its pairwise independence and robustness against common video processing steps that include lossy compression, resizing, frame rate change, etc. A threshold used to reliably determine a fingerprint match is theoretically derived by modeling the proposed fingerprint as a stationary ergodic process, and the validity of the model is experimentally verified. The performance of the proposed fingerprint is experimentally evaluated and compared with that of other widely-used features. The experimental results show that the proposed fingerprint outperforms the considered features in the context of video fingerprinting.
Anisotropic Optical Constants of Bacteriorhodopsin in the Mid-Infrared: Consequence on the Determination of α-Helix Orientation (1999)

In this paper, we present the first determination of the anisotropic optical constants of a protein (bacteriorhodopsin or bR) monolayer in the mid-infrared range. This procedure has allowed us to calculate a mean tilt angle of the α-helices' axis with respect to the normal of the surface. Using these optical constants, we have been able to reproduce the polarized attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of a bR monolayer deposited on a germanium crystal. On the other hand, the optical constants have to be modified to reproduce the polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) spectrum of a bR monolayer spread at the air/water interface. This modification of the optical constants indicates that the α helices are more tilted when the bR monolayer is spread on the water surface than when it is deposited onto a dry solid substrate.
Reduction of digoxin to 20R-dihydrodigoxin by cultures of Eubacterium lentum (1986)

The anaerobic bacterium Eubacterium lentum, a common constituent of the intestinal microflora, inactivates digoxin by reducing the unsaturated lactone ring. Reduction of the cardiac glycoside by growing cultures of E. lentum ATCC 25559 proceeded in a stereospecific manner, with the 20R-dihydrodigoxin constituting more than 99% of the product formed. This is in contrast to the 3:1 ratio of 20R and 20S epimers formed in the chemical catalytic hydrogenation. Formation of the reduced glycosides proceeded quantitatively when an overall concentration of 10 micrograms/ml was added to the cultures. E. lentum did not hydrolyze the digitoxose sugars from C-3 of the parent glycoside. However, the synthetically prepared sugar-hydrolyzed metabolites (digoxigenin, digoxigenin monodigitoxoside, and digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside) were reduced to the corresponding dihydro metabolites. Repetition of the experiments with a feces sample from a volunteer who was known to be a converter of digoxin to dihydrodigoxin gave results identical to those obtained with pure E. lentum cultures.
A Comparison of Some Methods for the Determination of the Degree of Substitution of Carboxymethyl Starch (2005)

The degree of substitution (DS) markedly affects the properties of sodium carboxymethyl starch (Na-CMS). In this work Na-CMS samples with different DS starting from both potato and corn starch were synthesized in an ethanol/water mixture and their DS was determined using three methods: direct titration of the acid form of the carboxymethyl starch (H-CMS), Cu salt precipitation and back titration. It was found that direct titration gave smaller DS values, while the Cu salt precipitation method gave higher DS values than the back titration method, which was found to be the most accurate. The values of the DS obtained by these methods were similar for lower DS while for higher values the discrepancy was more pronounced. Under the same experimental conditions the CMS obtained from corn starch had a higher DS than the one obtained from potato starch and on average, the discrepancies between the DS values obtained by the employed analytical methods were smaller for the CMS samples synthesized from corn starch.
Information diffusion and external influence in networks (2012)

Social networks play a fundamental role in the diffusion of information. However, there are two different ways of how information reaches a person in a network. Information reaches us through connections in our social networks, as well as through the influence external out-of-network sources, like the mainstream media. While most present models of information adoption in networks assume information only passes from a node to node via the edges of the underlying network, the recent availability of massive online social media data allows us to study this process in more detail.
Fine-grained change impact analysis for component-based product families (2012)

Developing software product-lines based on a set of shared components is a proven tactic to enhance reuse, quality, and time to market in producing a portfolio of products. Large-scale product families face rapidly increasing maintenance challenges as their evolution can happen both as a result of collective domain engineering activities, and as a result of product-specific developments. To make informed decisions about prospective modifications, developers need to estimate what other sections of the system will be affected and need attention, which is known as change impact analysis. This paper contributes a method to carry out change impact analysis in a component-based product family, based on system-wide information flow analysis. We use static program slicing as the underlying analysis technique, and use model-driven engineering (MDE) techniques to propagate the ripple effects from a source code modification into all members of the product family. In addition, our approach ranks results based on an approximation of the scale of their impact. We have implemented our approach in a prototype tool, called Richter, which was evaluated on a real-world product family.
A fine-grained alternative to the subsumption architecture for mobile robot control (1989)

An architecture is presented for robot control which can be viewed as a very fine-grained layered architecture motivated by the principles underlying the subsumption architecture. The subsumption architecture provides a powerful means for defining intelligent robot control mechanisms through the layered composition of simple behaviors. However, the authors have found that there are basic limitations inherent in this architecture due to the inaccessibility of information internal to a behavior. While adhering to the basic concept of building a robot control system through successive layers of competence, task-achieving behavior in this system is fragmented into many smaller decision-making units. Each of these units simply has the task of transforming a set of input activations into an output activation, so that the role that any unit plays in the system is defined entirely by how it is connected to other units. This fine-grained nature of the architecture permits a more flexible arbitration of commands between behaviors and provides incrementally added behaviors with complete access to the internal state of existing behaviors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reducing recombination losses in planar organic photovoltaic cells using multiple step charge separation (2011)

We enhance the efficiency of heterojunction organic solar cells by introducing a thin interfacial layer between the acceptor and donor layers. The interfacial layer energy levels are chosen to provide a gradient for charges crossing the interface, approximating a conventional p-n junction with three organic semiconductors. Devices with interfacial layers exhibit increased open circuit voltage (VOC) and increased short circuit current (JSC). The increase in VOC is due to a reduction in dark current and charge recombination. The increase in JSC is correlated with an increase in the conversion efficiency of excitons originating in the donor or acceptor layers. The interfacial layer destabilizes charge transfer states at the donor-acceptor interface, yielding reduced exciton recombination. The introduction of thin interfacial layers may prove to be an important probe of the physics of exciton separation in organic photovoltaic cells.
Dynamic rearrangement of the spectrin membrane skeleton during the generation of epithelial polarity in <i>Drosophila</i> (1999)

The origin of epithelial cell polarity during development is a fundamental problem in cell biology. Central to this process is the establishment of asymmetric membrane domains that will ultimately form the apical and basolateral surfaces. The spectrin-based membrane skeleton has long been thought to participate in the generation of this asymmetry. Drosophila melanogaster contains two known (beta)-spectrin isoforms: a conventional (beta)-spectrin chain, and the novel isoform (beta)(Heavy)-spectrin. These two proteins are restricted to the basolateral and apical membrane domains, respectively. To assay for the emergence of membrane asymmetry, we have characterized the distribution of these two (beta)-spectrins during the formation of the primary epithelium in the fly embryo. Our results show that the syncytial embryo contains a maternally established apical membrane skeleton containing (beta)(Heavy)-spectrin into which the basolateral (beta)-spectrin membrane skeleton is added. We have called this process basolateral interpolation. Although basolateral membrane skeleton addition begins during cellularization, it does not become fully established until the formation of a mature zonula adherens at mid to late gastrulation. The behavior of (beta)-spectrin is consistent with a primary role in establishing and/or maintaining the basolateral domain while the behavior of (beta)(Heavy)-spectrin suggests that its primary role is associated with a specialized DE-cadherin complex associated with the furrow canals and with the maturation of the zonula adherens. Thus, the apical spectrin membrane skeleton appears to play a distinct rather than analogous role to the basolateral spectrin membrane skeleton, during the emergence of cell polarity. We find that there are several parallels between our observations and previous studies on the establishment of primary epithelial polarity in vertebrates, suggesting that basolateral interpolation of the membrane skeleton may be a common mechanism in many organisms.
Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury Is Attenuated by Blocking Selectins (1997)

The cell adhesion molecules E-selectin and L-selectin are expressed after balloon injury. Blockade of the selectins has a favorable effect on the response to vascular injury.
Motor-driven treadmill for studying locomotion in cats. (1977)

Increasing experimental concern with locomotion and its neural control prompted the construction of a motor-driven treadmill for cats. The apparatus was designed for kinematic analysis of gait from 16 mm movie film, but it will also permit a variety of other records to be taken. A box, or base, houses two large drums and the belt drive. Space is provided on top of the base for a closed locomotion compartment that is transparent on the filming side. There is also sufficient space on top of the base for support apparatus, operator controls, and animal exits. Cats may be trained to work for food reward alone, as delivered from the front by the operator. Alternatively, they can be trained to stay near the front of the treadmill belt in order to avoid an aversive jet of air or electric shock, either of which can be delivered at the rear of the test chamber. The operator can maintain forward belt velocity at fixed levels between 0.5 and 6 m/sec, or he can vary velocity continuously. Displays of a tachometer and a special timing device are large enough to be clearly visible on the film. These various features in combination provide a controlled and varsatile stepping environment, in which the cat can move without physical restraints.
Information-theoretic Model Identification and Policy Search using Physics Engines with Application to Robotic Manipulation (2017)

We consider the problem of a robot learning the mechanical properties of objects through physical interaction with the object, and introduce a practical, data-efficient approach for identifying the motion models of these objects. The proposed method utilizes a physics engine, where the robot seeks to identify the inertial and friction parameters of the object by simulating its motion under different values of the parameters and identifying those that result in a simulation which matches the observed real motions. The problem is solved in a Bayesian optimization framework. The same framework is used for both identifying the model of an object online and searching for a policy that would minimize a given cost function according to the identified model. Experimental results both in simulation and using a real robot indicate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art model-free reinforcement learning approaches.