gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing chronic bladder diseases with the administration of exogenous glycosaminoglycans: an update on the evidence (2015)

Although the pathophysiology of acute chronic cystitis and other 'sensory' disorders, i.e. painful bladder syndrome (PBS) or interstitial cystitis (IC), often remains multifactorial, there is a wide consensus that such clinical conditions may arise from a primary defective urothelium lining or from damaged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). A 'cascade' of events starting from GAG injury, which fails to heal, may lead to chronic bladder epithelial damage and neurogenic inflammation. To restore the GAG layer is becoming the main aim of new therapies for the treatment of chronic cystitis and PBS/IC. Preliminary experiences with GAG replenishment for different pathological conditions involving the lower urinary tract have been reported. There is a range of commercially available intravesical formulations of these components, alone or in combination. Literature evidence shows that exogenous intravesical hyaluronic acid markedly reduces recurrences of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Patients treated with exogenous GAGs have fewer UTI recurrences, a longer time to recurrence and a greater improvement in quality of life. Exogenous intravesical GAGs have been used for the treatment of PBS/IC. Despite the limitations of most of the studies, findings confirmed the role of combination therapy with hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate as a safe and effective option for the treatment of PBS/IC. To prevent and/or treat radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced cystitis, GAG replenishment therapy has been used showing preliminary encouraging results. The safety profile of exogenous GAGs has been reported to be very favourable, without adverse events of particular significance.
Kurarinone promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent cFLIP expression in HeLa cells (2012)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the prenylated flavonoid kurarinone on TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis and its underlying mechanism. A low dose of kurarinone had no significant effect on apoptosis, but this compound markedly promoted tumor cell death through elevation of Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release release and caspase activation in HeLa cells treated with TRAIL. Caspase inhibitors inhibited kurarinone-mediated cell death, which indicates that the cytotoxic effect of this compound is mediated by caspase-dependent apoptosis. The cytotoxic effect of kurarinone was not associated with expression levels of Bcl-2 and IAP family proteins, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bid, Bad, Bax, XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2. In addition, this compound did not regulate the death-inducing receptors DR4 and DR5. On the other hand, kurarinone significantly inhibited TRAIL-induced IKK activation, IκB degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as well as effectively suppressed cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein long form (cFLIPL) expression. The synergistic effects of kurarinone on TRAIL-induced apoptosis were mimicked when kurarinone was replaced by the NF-κB inhibitor withaferin A or following siRNA-mediated knockdown of cFLIPL. Moreover, cFLIP overexpression effectively antagonized kurarinone-mediated TRAIL sensitization. These data suggest that kurarinone sensitizes TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB-dependent cFLIP expression, indicating that this compound can be used as an anti-tumor agent in combination with TRAIL.
Hardware-accelerated rendering of antialiased shadows with shadow maps (2002)

We present a hardware-accelerated method for rendering high quality, antialiased shadows using the shadow map approach. Instead of relying on dedicated hardware support for shadow map filtering, we propose a general rendering algorithm that can be used on most graphics workstations. The filtering method softens shadow boundaries by using a technique called percentage closer filtering which is commonly used in software renderers, e.g. ray tracing. We describe how the software algorithm can be efficiently mapped to hardware. In order to achieve real-time or at least interactive frame rates we also propose a slightly modified shadow filtering method that saves valuable hardware resources while still achieving good image quality.
Lineage-Specific Biology Revealed by a Finished Genome Assembly of the Mouse (2009)

The mouse (Mus musculus) is the premier animal model for understanding human disease and development. Here we show that a comprehensive understanding of mouse biology is only possible with the availability of a finished, high-quality genome assembly. The finished clone-based assembly of the mouse strain C57BL/6J reported here has over 175,000 fewer gaps and over 139 Mb more of novel sequence, compared with the earlier MGSCv3 draft genome assembly. In a comprehensive analysis of this revised genome sequence, we are now able to define 20,210 protein-coding genes, over a thousand more than predicted in the human genome (19,042 genes). In addition, we identified 439 long, non-protein-coding RNAs with evidence for transcribed orthologs in human. We analyzed the complex and repetitive landscape of 267 Mb of sequence that was missing or misassembled in the previously published assembly, and we provide insights into the reasons for its resistance to sequencing and assembly by whole-genome shotgun approaches. Duplicated regions within newly assembled sequence tend to be of more recent ancestry than duplicates in the published draft, correcting our initial understanding of recent evolution on the mouse lineage. These duplicates appear to be largely composed of sequence regions containing transposable elements and duplicated protein-coding genes; of these, some may be fixed in the mouse population, but at least 40% of segmentally duplicated sequences are copy number variable even among laboratory mouse strains. Mouse lineage-specific regions contain 3,767 genes drawn mainly from rapidly-changing gene families associated with reproductive functions. The finished mouse genome assembly, therefore, greatly improves our understanding of rodent-specific biology and allows the delineation of ancestral biological functions that are shared with human from derived functions that are not.
FLUID‐FLOW STUDY OF POROUS GLASS* (1949)

A bstract The rate of penetration of air, water, and acetone through porous Vycor‐brand glass is used to calculate the specific surface area, the average pore diameter, and the pore‐population density of this material. The results are in approximate agreement with those obtained using the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller adsorption technique.
Performance of Binary Quantized All Digital Phase-Locked Loop with a New Class of Sequential Filter (1978)

Phase-locked loops have been used in various parts of telecommunication systems because of their wide applicability to bit synchronization and FM- and PM-demodulation, etc. Several types of digital phase-locked loops (DPLL's) have also been studied due to the increased reliability and decreased cost of integrated digital circuitry. DPLL's of the type employing binary quantized phase detection and discrete phase adjustments have been utilized for detection of a binary signal or suppression of phase jitter in data-transmission techniques. Unfortunately the width of the locking-range and the ability to suppress phase jitter are contrary to each other, and furthermore, the capacity for jitter suppression rapidly lowers as the frequency of input signal deviates from a free-running frequency of the loop. To improve these vicious properties, a DPLL employing a new type of sequential loop filter is proposed in this paper. The sequential filter controls the properties of itself asymmetrically, depending on the input and output phase distributions to keep the output phase at the center of input phase distribution. The loop performance is analyzed theoretically, experimentally, and by computer simulation in the presence of random Gaussian phase jitter. It is shown that the loop has satisfactory performance as a DPLL used for phase jitter suppression.
Helix-Sense Controlled Polymerization of a Single Phenyl Isocyanide Enantiomer Leading to Diastereomeric Helical Polyisocyanides with Opposite Helix-Sense and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with Opposite Twist-Sense (2005)

We report the unprecedented helix-sense controlled polymerization of enantiomerically pure phenyl isocyanides bearing an l- or d-alanine pendant with a long alkyl chain. The polymerization with an achiral nickel catalyst diastereoselectively proceeds, resulting in either a right- or left-handed helical polymer, whose helix-sense can be controlled by the polymerization solvent and temperature. Both the diastereomeric right- and left-handed helical polymers further self-assemble into lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals with opposite twist-senses. Consequently, the macromolecular helicity and mesoscopic, supramolecular cholesteric twist can be controlled by the molecular chirality of the pendant of a single enantiomeric phenyl isocyanide through the polymerization under either kinetic or thermodynamic control assisted by hydrogen bonds. High-resolution atomic force microscopy revealed their helical conformations and enabled the determination of the helical sense.
Performance comparison of available interstitial antennas for microwave hyperthermia (1989)

The authors have developed a numerical model which calculates the current distribution and radiation characteristics of multisection antennas have varying diameters of the center conductor and/or the types and thicknesses of the insulation. They briefly describe the model and compare the numerical results with the experimental data published by T.P. Ryan and J.W. Strohbehn (1987). Excellent correlation between the experimental and calculated patterns was obtained. The numerical model was then used to examine some interesting changes in the commercial designs, such as the effect of the tip termination of the antenna and the diameters of the conducting sections (collars) on the heating patterns of the BSD Medical antenna. Important observations regarding the role of each section, in multisection antenna designs, in guiding along the antenna vs. coupling to the ambient were also investigated and verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast scheduling algorithm for input and outputbuffered ATM switch with multiple switching planes (1999)

A new scheduling method is presented, two-dimensional round-robin scheduling with multiple selections (2DRRMS), for an input and output buffered ATM switch. In the switch, both input and output ports are divided into several groups and multiple switching planes are used. In the 2DRRMS method the multiple cells for transfer to an input buffer module are selected and the switching planes which the selected cells are to use in the transmission are concurrently determined.
A low-power 170-MHz discrete-time analog FIR filter (1998)

A 170-MHz analog finite impulse response (FIR) filter operating from a single 3.3-V supply is described. The design has been fabricated in the HP 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process and has an area of 2.35 mm by 1.97 mm including bonding pads. This 9-tap filter dissipates 70 mW when operating at 170 MHz. The multipliers are implemented using multiplying digital-to-analog converters (MDAC's) with 6-b resolution.
Dementia: a systematic approach to identifying reversible causes. (1986)

The development of FAST is of great importance to clinicians in identifying possibly remediable complications of Alzheimer's disease and distinguishing them from the characteristic progression of the illness. Premature loss of speech in an otherwise uncomplicated Alzheimer's-type presentation should lead the clinician to strongly suspect focal cerebral pathology, especially cerebral infarction.
Ergonomic Design and Evaluation of a Pilot Oxygen Mask (2013)

The present study developed a virtual fit assessment (VFA) method to design an oxygen mask which fits Korean Air Force (KAF) pilots. The VFA method used 3D face scan data of 336 KAF pilots to find the most proper shape of an oxygen mask for KAF pilots. The oxygen mask design revised in the study showed a 27% design improvement effect on average in terms of fit evaluated by the VFA method. Additionally, the present study evaluated the revised oxygen mask prototypes with 88 KAF pilots to experimentally verify the design improvement effect in terms of discomfort, pressure, and suitability for military equipment (slippage and stability in flight-like situations). The discomfort of the revised mask was 33 ~ 56% lower on average than the existing oxygen mask. In terms of the pressure, the revised mask showed 11 ~ 33% of improvement on average compared to the existing mask. Furthermore, on high gravity situation, the slippage distance of the revised mask was 24% shorter on average than the existing mask. The proposed VFA method can be applied to the design and evaluation of wearable products that require an ergonomically better fit for a target population.
CTLA‐4 (CD152) controls homeostasis and suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells in mice (2008)

Expression of CTLA-4 on Treg cells serves to control T cell proliferation, to confer resistance against AICD, and to maintain the suppressive function of Treg cells.
Tree-Structured Classification via Generalized Discriminant Analysis (1988)

Abstract The problem of constructing classification rules that can be represented as decision trees is considered. Each object to be classified has an associated x vector containing possibly incomplete covariate information. Tree construction is based on the information provided in a "learning sample" of objects with known class identities. The x vectors in the learning sample may have missing values as well. Procedures are proposed for each of the components of classifier construction, such as split selection, tree-size determination, treatment of missing values, and ranking of variables. The main idea is recursive application of linear discriminant analysis, with the variables at each stage being appropriately chosen according to the data and the type of splits desired. Standard statistical techniques used as basic building blocks include analysis of variance, linear and canonical discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis. A new method of tree-structured classification is obtained by assembling the pieces. This method can accommodate prior probabilities as well as unequal misclassification costs and can yield trees with univariate, linear combination, or linear combination with polar coordinate splits. The method is compared with the CART method of Breiman, Friedman, Olshen, and Stone (1984). Some of the operational differences are that the new method (a) can have multiple splits per node, (b) is nonrandomized, (c) uses a direct stopping rule, (d) handles missing values by estimation, (e) allows both ordered and unordered variables in the same linear combination split, (f) is not invariant of monotone transformations of the individual variables, and (g) is computationally faster. Simulation experiments suggest that the two methods have comparable classification accuracy. The Boston housing data are analyzed in a classification context for illustration. Key Words: Cross-validationDecision treeDiscriminant analysisMachine learningMisclassificationMissing valuesPrincipal componentsRecursive partitioning
An empirical model for the prediction of the torque output of commercial vehicle air brakes. Final report (1978)

Notes: Report covers the period 1 July 1977-15 Oct 1978
Miglustat has no apparent effect on spermatogenesis in normal men (2006)

In contrast to the observations in mice, the oral administration of miglustat does not appear to affect human spermatogenesis. Further elucidation of the mechanism underlying the species specificity of miglustat may improve our understanding of the role of glycosphingolipids in spermatogenesis and result in alternative approaches to male fertility control.
DNA mediated assembly of quantum dot–protoporphyrin IX FRET probes and the effect of FRET efficiency on ROS generation (2015)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the irradiation of a photosensitizer. Controlled and targeted release of ROS by a photosensitizer is crucial in PDT. For achieving controlled generation of ROS, a ZnSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) donor and protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) acceptor based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe is reported here. The QDs and Pp IX are assembled either by direct conjugation or through DNA hybridization. Complementary DNA strands are individually conjugated to the QDs and Pp IX by amide coupling. Due to the overlap of the emission spectrum of QDs and the absorption spectrum of Pp IX, efficient transfer of energy from QDs to Pp IX was observed in both the cases. The FRET efficiency was quantitatively evaluated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy and compared between the QD-Pp IX direct conjugate and QD-DNA-Pp IX assembly at various donor to acceptor ratios. Since a single QD can harbor a multiple number of Pp IX-DNA counterparts through DNA hybridization, the FRET efficiency was found to increase with the increase in the number of Pp IX acceptors. ROS generation from Pp IX was studied for the FRET pairs and was found to be affected by the irradiation time of the QD donor.
The Chemistry of Antimycin A. XI. N-Substituted 3-Formamidosalicylic Amides<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Antimycin A. XI. N-Substituted 3-Formamidosalicylic Amides1J. P. Dickie, M. E. Loomans, T. M. Farley, and F. M. StrongCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 4, 424–427Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00340a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (478 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Reading the Road: Road Marking Classification and Interpretation (2015)

Road markings embody the rules of the road whilst capturing the upcoming road layout. These rules are diligently studied and applied to driving situations by human drivers who have read Highway Traffic driving manuals (road marking interpretation). An autonomous vehicle must however be taught to read the road, as a human might. This paper addresses the problem of automatically reading the rules encoded in road markings, by classifying them into seven distinct classes: single boundary, double boundary, separator, zig-zag, intersection, boxed junction and special lane. Our method employs a unique set of geometric feature functions within a probabilistic RUSBoost and Conditional Random Field (CRF) classification framework. This allows us to jointly classify extracted road markings. Furthermore, we infer the semantics of road scenes (pedestrian approaches and no drive regions) based on marking classification results. Finally, our algorithms are evaluated on a large real-life ground truth annotated dataset from our vehicle.
MegDet: A Large Mini-Batch Object Detector (2017)

The improvements in recent CNN-based object detection works, from R-CNN [11], Fast/Faster R-CNN [10, 31] to recent Mask R-CNN [14] and RetinaNet [24], mainly come from new network, new framework, or novel loss design. But mini-batch size, a key factor in the training, has not been well studied. In this paper, we propose a Large MiniBatch Object Detector (MegDet) to enable the training with much larger mini-batch size than before (e.g. from 16 to 256), so that we can effectively utilize multiple GPUs (up to 128 in our experiments) to significantly shorten the training time. Technically, we suggest a learning rate policy and Cross-GPU Batch Normalization, which together allow us to successfully train a large mini-batch detector in much less time (e.g., from 33 hours to 4 hours), and achieve even better accuracy. The MegDet is the backbone of our submission (mmAP 52.5%) to COCO 2017 Challenge, where we won the 1st place of Detection task.
Mouse Axin and Axin2/Conductin Proteins Are Functionally Equivalent In Vivo (2005)

Axin is a central component of the canonical Wnt signal transduction machinery, serving as a scaffold for the beta-catenin destruction complex. The related protein Axin2/Conductin, although less extensively studied, is thought to perform similar functions. Loss of Axin causes early embryonic lethality, while Axin2-null mice are viable but have craniofacial defects. Mutations in either gene contribute to cancer in humans. The lack of redundancy between Axin and Axin2 could be due to their different modes of expression: while Axin is expressed ubiquitously, Axin2 is expressed in tissue- and developmental-stage-specific patterns, and its transcription is induced by canonical Wnt signaling. Alternatively, the two proteins might have partially different functions, a hypothesis supported by the observation that they differ in their subcellular localizations in colon epithelial cells. To test the functional equivalence of Axin and Axin2 in vivo, we generated knockin mice in which the Axin gene was replaced with Myc-tagged Axin or Axin2 cDNA. Mice homozygous for the resulting alleles, Axin(Ax) or Axin(Ax2), express no endogenous Axin but express either Myc-Axin or Myc-Axin2 under the control of the Axin locus. Both Axin(Ax/Ax) and Axin(Ax2/Ax2) homozygotes are apparently normal and fertile, demonstrating that the Axin and Axin2 proteins are functionally equivalent.
Lapachol derivative active against mouse lymphocytic leukemia P-388 (1975)

Lapachol [2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone] and its analogs [2-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-(3,3-dibromo-2-propenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone] have been described, among almost a hundred synthesized analogs, as active against rat tumor Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. The acetylglucosylation of lapachol results in a compound which extends lapachol activity becoming effective against mouse lymphocytic leukemia P-388. When mice inoculated with 10(6) leukemic cells were treated with the drug during 9 days, their life span increased 80% over the control animals. Identification spectral data (uv, ir, 1H NMR, and MS) of the compound obtained by synthesis are given.