gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes - Reaction of 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxybutane and 3-Bromo-1,2-epoxybutane with phenol (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Reaction of 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxybutane and 3-Bromo-1,2-epoxybutane with phenolRichard Rowton and Robert RussellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 7, 1057–1058Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online11 June 2003Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01101a608https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01101a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preamble (1987)

For more than 30 years, Polymer Engineering & Science has been one of the most highly regarded journals in the field, serving as a forum for authors of treatises on the cutting edge of polymer science and technology.
Inflammatory and Hemostatic Biomarkers Associated With Early Recurrent Ischemic Lesions in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2009)

These data suggest that elevated d-dimer level reflecting increase of thrombin generation and fibrin turnover may be an independent factor predicting ERILs.
Pyrimidine–pyrimidine base pairs stabilized by silver(<scp>i</scp>) ions (2010)

In the presence of Ag(I) ions, the C-T and m(5)iC (5-methylisocytosine)-T base pairs showed comparable stability to the C-Ag(I)-C base pair, and the m(5)iC-C base pair was highly stabilized by the synergetic effect of Ag(I) coordination and possible hydrogen bonding.
Automation of marine seismic data processing (2020)

Abstract Marine seismic data sets contain highly redundant information. Data analytics and machine learning-based solutions should provide opportunities to reduce turnaround and improve confidence levels in output data volumes. A proof-of-concept (POC) thrust regime example from Indonesia illustrates that parameter testing can almost be eliminated if existing project parameter data can be mined from a database. Where quality control (QC) is required for complex challenges such as noise removal, supervised classifiers are a platform that can enable rapid global quantitative decisions based on relevant data attributes, moving behind the subjective art of observational QC. Finally, many early processing steps depend on reasonable knowledge of the velocity model in addition to the explicit dependence of imaging steps. A POC Monte Carlo-based model building exercise in West Africa used an efficient tomographic platform to demonstrate that turnaround can be reduced from 90 days to only a few days, even when the starting model was significantly wrong. These examples illustrate that a lot is already within our reach, and the development of embedded feedback loops will improve the level of automation further, particularly if humans can learn to let the data speak for itself.
Dynamical Suppression of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math>Noise Processes in Qubit Systems (2004)

We investigate the capability of dynamical decoupling techniques to reduce decoherence from a realistic environment generating $1/f$ noise. The predominance of low frequency modes in the noise profile allows for decoherence scenarios where relatively slow control rates suffice for a drastic improvement. However, the actual figure of merit is very sensitive to the details of the dynamics, with decoupling performance which may deteriorate for non-Gaussian noise and/or high frequency working points. Our results are promising for robust solid-state qubits and beyond.
Non-eosinophilic asthma: current perspectives (2018)

Although non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) is not the best known and most prevalent asthma phenotype, its importance cannot be underestimated. NEA is characterized by airway inflammation with the absence of eosinophils, subsequent to activation of non-predominant type 2 immunologic pathways. This phenotype, which possibly includes several not well-defined subphenotypes, is defined by an eosinophil count <2% in sputum. NEA has been associated with environmental and/or host factors, such as smoking cigarettes, pollution, work-related agents, infections, and obesity. These risk factors, alone or in conjunction, can activate specific cellular and molecular pathways leading to non-type 2 inflammation. The most relevant clinical trait of NEA is its poor response to standard asthma treatments, especially to inhaled corticosteroids, leading to a higher severity of disease and to difficult-to-control asthma. Indeed, NEA constitutes about 50% of severe asthma cases. Since most current and forthcoming biologic therapies specifically target type 2 asthma phenotypes, such as uncontrolled severe eosinophilic or allergic asthma, there is a dramatic lack of effective treatments for uncontrolled non-type 2 asthma. Research efforts are now focusing on elucidating the phenotypes underlying the non-type 2 asthma, and several studies are being conducted with new drugs and biologics aiming to develop effective strategies for this type of asthma, and various immunologic pathways are being scrutinized to optimize efficacy and to abolish possible adverse effects.
A metallization and bonding approach for high performance carbon nanotube thermal interface materials (2010)

A method has been developed to create vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) thermal interface materials that can be attached to a variety of metallized surfaces. VACNT films were grown on Si substrates using standard CVD processing followed by metallization using Ti/Au. The coated CNTs were then bonded to metallized substrates at 220 °C. By reducing the adhesion of the VACNTs to the growth substrate during synthesis, the CNTs can be completely transferred from the Si growth substrate and used as a die attachment material for electronic components. Thermal resistance measurements using a photoacoustic technique showed thermal resistances as low as 1.7 mm(2) K W(-1) for bonded VACNT films 25-30 µm in length and 10 mm(2) K W(-1) for CNTs up to 130 µm in length. Tensile testing demonstrated a die attachment strength of 40 N cm(-2) at room temperature. Overall, these metallized and bonded VACNT films demonstrate properties which are promising for next-generation thermal interface material applications.
Reconciling while tolerating disagreement in collaborative data sharing (2006)

In many data sharing settings, such as within the biological and biomedical communities, global data consistency is not always attainable: different sites' data may be dirty, uncertain, or even controversial. Collaborators are willing to share their data, and in many cases they also want to selectively import data from others --- but must occasionally diverge when they disagree about uncertain or controversial facts or values. For this reason, traditional data sharing and data integration approaches are not applicable, since they require a globally consistent data instance. Additionally, many of these approaches do not allow participants to make updates; if they do, concurrency control algorithms or inconsistency repair techniques must be used to ensure a consistent view of the data for all users.In this paper, we develop and present a fully decentralized model of collaborative data sharing, in which participants publish their data on an ad hoc basis and simultaneously reconcile updates with those published by others. Individual updates are associated with provenance information, and each participant accepts only updates with a sufficient authority ranking, meaning that each participant may have a different (though conceptually overlapping) data instance. We define a consistency semantics for database instances under this model of disagreement, present algorithms that perform reconciliation for distributed clusters of participants, and demonstrate their ability to handle typical update and conflict loads in settings involving the sharing of curated data.
Design and control of gas diffusion process in a nanoporous soft crystal (2019)

Design of the gas-diffusion process in a porous material is challenging because a contracted pore aperture is a prerequisite, whereas the channel traffic of guest molecules is regulated by the flexible and dynamic motions of nanochannels. Here, we present the rational design of a diffusion-regulatory system in a porous coordination polymer (PCP) in which flip-flop molecular motions within the framework structure provide kinetic gate functions that enable efficient gas separation and storage. The PCP shows substantial temperature-responsive adsorption in which the adsorbate molecules are differentiated by each gate-admission temperature, facilitating kinetics-based gas separations of oxygen/argon and ethylene/ethane with high selectivities of ~350 and ~75, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate the long-lasting physical encapsulation of ethylene at ambient conditions, owing to strongly impeded diffusion in distinctive nanochannels.
A ToxR-based two-hybrid system for the detection of periplasmic and cytoplasmic protein–protein interactions in Escherichia coli: minimal requirements for specific DNA binding and transcriptional activation (2005)

The Vibrio cholerae transcriptional regulator ToxR is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by a single transmembrane segment, its C-terminal domain facing the periplasm. Most of its N-terminal cytoplasmic domain shares sequence similarity with the winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) motif of OmpR-like transcriptional regulators. In the heterologous host Escherichia coli ToxR activates transcription at the V.cholerae ctx promoter in a dimerization-dependent manner, which has led to its employment as a genetic indicator for protein-protein interactions. However, although offering a broader potential application range than other prokaryotic two-hybrid systems described to date, ToxR has so far only been used to study interactions between heterologous transmembrane segments or to monitor homodimerization of C-terminal fusion partners in the periplasm and the cytoplasm of E.coli. Here we show that the ToxR-system also allows the detection of heterodimerization in both cellular compartments of E.coli. In addition, to better understand ToxR's mode of action at ctx in E.coli, we have investigated the minimal requirements for its function as a transcriptional activator. We show that the wHTH motif of ToxR's N-terminal domain constitutes the minimal structural element required to activate transcription at ctx in E.coli when fused to a dimerizing protein module.
A Handheld Augmented Reality Museum Guide (2005)

Invisible train, a multi-user handheld augmented reality game first shown at SIGGRAPH ‘04 We report on an ongoing project with the aim of developing an electronic tour guide for museums based on a self-contained, inexpensive PDA, that delivers a fully interactive 3D Augmented Reality (AR) to a group of visitors. Previously, it was believed that AR is technically too difficult to render services for museum users. Clearly, regular PCs or notebooks are not feasible for everyday use, and PDAs were believed to be not powerful enough. In the past two years, we have developed a platform for AR on unmodified commercial PocketPC devices, which performs real-time optical fiducial tracking and 3D graphics video overlays at interactive frame rates (typically ~20Hz overall). No server infrastructure is required, except for mediating wireless communication
MCM immunocytochemistry as a first line cervical screening test in developing countries: a prospective cohort study in a regional cancer centre in India (2007)

Cervical screening is not available for the majority of women in resource-poor countries. An important factor is a lack of skilled operators necessary for high-throughput assessment of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test currently in use. We compared the efficacy of immunocytochemistry for minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins vs standard Pap testing at detecting disease in 455 cervical smears processed in a typical Indian screening laboratory. Conventional (non-monolayer) smears were stained manually and then examined by a cytotechnologist and a cytopathologist. The MCM test was called positive when immunolabelled cells were identified as dyskaryotic by the Pap counterstain. The MCM test was read more quickly than the Pap test (approximately 2 vs 10 min) and there was 100% inter-observer agreement compared with 85% for Pap (P<0.0001). The MCM test detected 10 biopsy-proven cancers or pre-cancers that were not detected by Pap (P=0.002; P=0.016 excluding three cases where the Pap was deemed unsatisfactory on review). The cases in question included one recurrent squamous carcinoma and one adenocarcinoma in a screening patient who would have returned to 5 year recall. There were no false positive MCM test results. We propose that MCM immunocytochemistry has considerable advantages for cervical screening in developing countries like India.
“Naked” Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution, and SERS (2010)

We describe the synthesis of gold nanoparticles upon reduction of Au2O3 by molecular hydrogen. The reaction generates particles that contain no foreign stabilizer other than gold or water species. The reaction readily proceeds at slightly elevated temperatures and somewhat higher than atmospheric pressure of H2, and these two parameters control the size of the particles produced. The suspensions of particles were analyzed for particle size, size distribution, residual ions, and metal-atom concentrations using TEM, dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, pH, conductivity, ICP, and UV−vis spectra. The particles were shown to be highly active redox catalysts in the conversion of strongly reducing radicals to hydrogen from water in basic solutions. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of a probe molecule, p-aminothiphenol, adsorbed on the particles surface was determined, and the effects of pH, electron injection, and Au(III) ions on the SERS spectra were measured. These effects are compared with similar results from previously prepared silver particles in an analogous procedure.
BoxCarmax: a high-selectivity data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry method for the analysis of protein turnover and complex samples (2020)

ABSTRACT The data-independent acquisition (DIA) performed in the latest high-resolution, high-speed mass spectrometers offers a powerful analytical tool for biological investigations. The DIA mass spectrometry (MS) combined with the isotopic labeling approach holds a particular promise for increasing the multiplexity of DIA-MS analysis, which could assist the relative protein quantification and the proteome-wide turnover profiling. However, the wide isolation windows employed in conventional DIA methods lead to a limited efficiency in identifying and quantifying isotope-labelled peptide pairs. Here, we optimized a high-selectivity DIA-MS named BoxCarmax that supports the analysis of complex samples, such as those generated from Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and pulse SILAC (pSILAC) experiments. BoxCarmax enables multiplexed acquisition at both MS1- and MS2-levels, through the integration of BoxCar and MSX features, as well as a gas-phase separation strategy. We found BoxCarmax modestly increased the identification rate for label-free and labeled samples but significantly improved the quantitative accuracy in SILAC and pSILAC samples. We further applied BoxCarmax in studying the protein degradation regulation during serum starvation stress in cultured cells, revealing valuable biological insights. Our study offered an alternative and accurate approach for the MS analysis of protein turnover and complex samples.
Practical Proactive Integrity Preservation: A Basis for Malware Defense (2008)

Unlike today's reactive approaches, information flow based approaches can provide positive assurances about overall system integrity, and hence can defend against sophisticated malware. However, there hasn't been much success in applying information flow based techniques to desktop systems running modern COTS operating systems. This is, in part, due to the fact that a strict application of information flow policy can break existing applications and OS services. Another important factor is the difficulty of policy development, which requires us to specify integrity labels for hundreds of thousands of objects on the system. This paper develops a new approach for proactive integrity protection that overcomes these challenges by decoupling integrity labels from access policies. We then develop an analysis that can largely automate the generation of integrity labels and policies that preserve the usability of applications in most cases. Evaluation of our prototype implementation on a Linux desktop distribution shows that it does not break or inconvenience the use of most applications, while stopping a variety of sophisticated malware attacks.
Malware Detection by Data Mining Techniques Based on Positionally Dependent Features (2010)

The challenges being thrown to modern world by the need to counteract against malicious software (malware) are going on to increase own importance. This fact stays actual, in spite of obvious great results in improving the efficacy of procedures of malware propagation detection, analysis and updating the bases of signatures and detection rules. The important aspect of this problem is looking for more reliable heuristic detection methods. These methods focus on recognition of new (unknown before) malicious programs which can not be detected by using traditional signature- and rule-based detection techniques, oriented on search for concrete malware samples and families. Virtually, just these heuristic methods provide counteraction against targeted and zero-day attacks, since the rate of detecting such relatively new types of threats by traditional techniques is not enough. The presented paper is devoted to using Data Mining methods for constructing heuristic malware detectors. The approach described below differs from others by focusing on processing static positionally dependent features which consider the specificities of object's file format of potential malware containers. The paper describes the realization and investigation of the common methodology for design of Data Mining-based malware detectors' using positionally dependent static information.
Electroless Deposition of Silver onto Silicon as a Method of Preparation of Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Tips (2010)

A simple method for the production of silver nanoparticles on a silicon substrate that is suitable for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is presented. The method is based on spontaneous reduction of Ag(+) ions by elemental silicon. The oxide layer is removed from the surface of a silicon disk by etching with dilute HF that is present in the same dilute solution of silver nitrate that is used to form the silver nanoparticles. By controlling the concentrations of HF and AgNO(3), the morphology of the deposited silver nanostructures can be varied dramatically. The reproducibility of SERS measurements for substrates produced with a given concentration of HF and AgNO(3) is good (relative standard deviation approximately 10%). The application was extended to coating the tips of silicon cantilevers designed for atomic force microscopy (AFM) with silver nanoparticles to permit measurements of tip-enhanced Raman spectra (TERS). The feasibility of TERS measurements with AFM tips prepared in this way is demonstrated.
Alcohol Interaction with Zirconia Powders (1990)

The mechanism by which alcohol washing of ceramic powders produces “soft” agglomerates has been investigated by studying the interaction of ethanol with hydrous ZrO 2 powders using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Unambiguous evidence of ethoxide formation has been found, which apparently prevents bond formation between adjacent particles and thus the formation of “hard” agglomerates.
On integrating collaboration and decision analysis techniques (1994)

We discuss how methods for computer‐based collaboration and computer‐aided decision analysis may be combined to yield a new generation of decision support systems. We examine the role of these technologies using a three‐phase model (problem definition; problem structuring; modeling/analysis) of decision making activities. We argue that decision making is a recursive mesh of these three phases; i.e., each phase involves argumentation/discussion, structuring, and analysis. Representations and methods suited to one kind of activity (e.g., discussion) are not directly suited to the others. Decision support systems, therefore, should facilitate the use of all of these methods in a way that information represented under each of them may be combined effectively, supporting the decision makers in switching from one activity to another.
Real-time testbed for assessing a CDMA-based system (1995)

A CDMA-based system concept has been developed with a flexible air interface. A real-time testbed has been built based on this advanced, flexible concept demonstrating some of its key features. Variable bit rate speech up to 16 kb/s and data up to 128 kb/s in the connection-oriented and connection-less modes can be demonstrated. The testbed is used in a validation program assessing how well the CODIT (Code Division Testbed) concept meets the requirements set up for UMTS/FPLMTS. Laboratory tests verify basic performance of the CODIT air interface. This forms the basis for the overall performance of the CODIT system. Demonstrations verify performance in a set of real environments. The results of the validation process, including simulations, measurements, and theoretical studies form a basis for the final assessment of how well the CODIT concept is supporting UMTS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Fully Parallel Mixed-Radix Conversion Algorithm for Residue Number Applications (1983)

A new, fully parallel mixed-radix conversion (MRC) algorithm which utilizes the maximum parallelism that exists in the residues (RNS) to mixed-radix (MR) digits conversion to achieve high throughput rate and very short conversion time is presented. The new algorithm has a conversion time of two table look-up cycles for moduli sets consisting of up to 15 moduli. As a comparison, the classical Szabo and Tanaka MRC algorithm has a conversion time of (n − 1) clock cycles for an n-moduli RNS. This algorithm can be implemented by off-the-shelf ECL IC's to achieve a conversion time of 50 ns and a throughput rate of 40 MHz for a 150-bit RNS.