gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foot Strike Patterns of Runners at the 15-km Point During an Elite-Level Half Marathon (2007)

There are various recommendations by many coaches regarding foot landing techniques in distance running that are meant to improve running performance and prevent injuries. Several studies have investigated the kinematic and kinetic differences between rearfoot strike (RFS), midfoot strike (MFS), and forefoot strike (FFS) patterns at foot landing and their effects on running efficiency on a treadmill and over ground conditions. However, little is known about the actual condition of the foot strike pattern during an actual road race at the elite level of competition. The purpose of the present study was to document actual foot strike patterns during a half marathon in which elite international level runners, including Olympians, compete. Four hundred fifteen runners were filmed by 2 120-Hz video cameras in the height of 0.15 m placed at the 15.0-km point and obtained sagittal foot landing and taking off images for 283 runners. Rearfoot strike was observed in 74.9% of all analyzed runners, MFS in 23.7%, and FFS in 1.4%. The percentage of MFS was higher in the faster runners group, when all runners were ranked and divided into 50 runner groups at the 15.0-km point of the competition. In the top 50, which included up to the 69th place runner in actual order who passed the 15-km point at 45 minutes, 53 second (this speed represents 5.45 m x s(-1), or 15 minutes, 17 seconds per 5 km), RFS, MFS, and FFS were 62.0, 36.0, and 2.0%, respectively. Contact time (CT) clearly increased for the slower runners, or the placement order increased (r = 0.71, p < or = 0.05). The CT for RFS + FFS for every 50 runners group significantly increased with increase of the placement order. The CT for RFS was significantly longer than MFS + FFS (200.0 +/- 21.3 vs. 183.0 +/- 16 millisecond). Apparent inversion (INV) of the foot at the foot strike was observed in 42% of all runners. The percentage of INV for MFS was higher than for RFS and FFS (62.5, 32.0, and 50%, respectively). The CT with INV for MFS + FFS was significantly shorter than the CT with and without INV for RFS. Furthermore, the CT with INV was significantly shorter than push-off time without INV for RFS. The findings of this study indicate that foot strike patterns are related to running speed. The percentage of RFS increases with the decreasing of the running speed; conversely, the percentage of MFS increases as the running speed increases. A shorter contact time and a higher frequency of inversion at the foot contact might contribute to higher running economy.
Bladder Cancer Stage and Outcome by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (2005)

Array-based CGH identified quantitative and qualitative differences in DNA copy number alterations at high resolution according to tumor stage and grade. Fraction genome altered was associated with worse outcome in muscle-invasive tumors, independent of other clinicopathologic parameters. Measures of genomic instability add independent power to outcome prediction of bladder tumors.
The Effectiveness of Four Interventions for the Prevention of Low Back Pain (1994)

There is limited evidence to recommend exercise to prevent low back pain in asymptomatic individuals, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend other prevention strategies. These conclusions should be viewed cautiously since they are primarily based on studies conducted in the workplace rather than in clinical settings.
Le long processus (dans la langue française) de la différenciation des caractères V et U (1992)

The aim of the present paper is to give, in a few pages, a global view of the development in the French language of the two pairs of letters V-v and U-u from the initial V found in latin (greek Y(or V)). We will see for instance that as late as 1698, Racine in one autograph will concerning his future inhumation, was still using the minuscules v and u only according to the old criterium of position.
Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. (1986)

In vitro and ex vivo effects of 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (diferuloylmethane, curcumin) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) and on platelet aggregation has been studied in rat. Both drugs inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-, epinephrine (adrenaline)- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in monkey plasma. Pretreatment with ASA (25-100 mg/kg), but not curcumin (100-300 mg/kg), inhibited PGI2 synthesis in rat aorta. In the in vitro system, too, curcumin caused a slight increase in the synthesis of PGI2, while ASA inhibited it. Curcumin may, therefore, be preferable in patients prone to vascular thrombosis and requiring antiarthritic therapy.
Structure and performance of filter media. I. The internal structure of filter media (1956)

Abstract The internal structure of various types of filter media and the nature of fluid flow through them are examined. Methods of characterizing the internal pore structure of filter media are reviewed, and the permeability, bubble‐pressure, and mercury‐intrusion methods are applied to ten typical media, with resulting values of average and maximum pore radius and pore‐size distribution being reported. These data on internal pore structure are related to the construction variables characteristic of the media examined, in particular the effect of yarn construction, yarn twist, fabric weave, and fabric finish on textile‐type filter media.
Host factors for replication and transcription of the influenza virus genome (2008)

For replication and transcription of the influenza virus genome of eight-segmented and negative-stranded RNAs, not only viral factors but also host-derived cellular factors (host factors) are required. This paper focuses on the identification and characterisation of the host factors involved in replication and transcription of the influenza virus genome, reviewing recent progresses in the related molecular mechanisms. Functional assay systems for screening of host factors using cell-free reconstitution systems and an yeast-based influenza virus replicon system are highlighted. We have summarised the property of host factors comprehensively and provided a clue for the perspective in the determination mechanism of host range and virulence and the development of a new strategy to control the influenza virus.
Caching XML Web Services for Mobility (2003)

Web services are emerging as the dominant application on the Internet. The Web is no longer just a repository of information but has evolved into an active medium for providers and consumers of services: Individuals provide peer-to-peer services to access personal contact information or photo albums for other individuals; individuals provide services to businesses for accessing personal preferences or tax information; Web-based businesses provide consumer services such as travel arrangement (Orbitz), shopping (eBay), and e-mail (Hotmail); and several business-to-business (B2B) services such as supply chain management form important applications of the Internet.
Thermophoresis in Colloidal Suspensions Driven by Marangoni Forces (2007)

In a hydrodynamic approach to thermophoretic transport in colloidal suspensions, the solute velocity u and the solvent flow v(r) are derived from Stokes' equation, with slip boundary conditions imposed by thermal Marangoni forces. The resulting fluid velocity field v(r) significantly differs from that induced by an externally driven particle. We find, in particular, that thermophoresis due to surface forces is insensitive to hydrodynamic interactions. As a consequence, the thermal diffusion coefficient D(T) of polymer solutions is independent of molecular weight and concentration.
Quantification of Transcription Factor Binding in Cell Extracts Using an Electrochemical, Structure-Switching Biosensor (2012)

Transcription factor expression levels, which sensitively reflect cellular development and disease state, are typically monitored via cumbersome, reagent-intensive assays that require relatively large quantities of cells. Here, we demonstrate a simple, quantitative approach to their detection based on a simple, electrochemical sensing platform. This sensor sensitively and quantitatively detects its target transcription factor in complex media (e.g., 250 μg/mL crude nuclear extracts) in a convenient, low-reagent process requiring only 10 μL of sample. Our approach thus appears a promising means of monitoring transcription factor levels.
Long-term clinical variation of NT-proBNP in stable chronic heart failure patients (2006)

Long-term CV of plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP in stable CHF patients is 30%, but the variation is substantial. Therefore, high long-term CV of NT-proBNP does not necessarily carry prognostic significance within the subsequent 12 months. Plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP followed a lognormal distribution, and the low CV of log(NT-proBNP) indicate that NT-proBNP levels are constant during stable conditions.
Calibration of a deformable mirror and Strehl ratio measurements by use of phase diversity (2000)

Calibration experiments with a bimorph mirror are presented. Phase-diversity wave-front sensing is used for measuring the control matrix, nulling wave-front errors in the optical setup, including the mirror, and measuring Strehl ratios and residual higher-order aberrations. The Strehl ratio of the calibrated system is measured to be 0.975, corresponding to 1/40 wave rms in the residual wave front. The conclusion is that a phase-diversity wave-front sensor is easier to install and use than interferometers and can replace them in optical setups for testing adaptive optics systems.
Dietary  -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease (2015)

The anemia of sickle cell disease is associated with a severe inflammatory vasculopathy and endothelial dysfunction, which leads to painful and life-threatening clinical complications. Growing evidence supports the anti-inflammatory properties of ω-3 fatty acids in clinical models of endothelial dysfunction. Promising but limited studies show potential therapeutic effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in sickle cell disease. Here, we treated humanized healthy and sickle cell mice for 6 weeks with ω-3 fatty acid diet (fish-oil diet). We found that a ω-3 fatty acid diet: (i) normalizes red cell membrane ω-6/ω-3 ratio; (ii) reduces neutrophil count; (iii) decreases endothelial activation by targeting endothelin-1 and (iv) improves left ventricular outflow tract dimensions. In a hypoxia-reoxygenation model of acute vaso-occlusive crisis, a ω-3 fatty acid diet reduced systemic and local inflammation and protected against sickle cell-related end-organ injury. Using isolated aortas from sickle cell mice exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, we demonstrated a direct impact of a ω-3 fatty acid diet on vascular activation, inflammation, and anti-oxidant systems. Our data provide the rationale for ω-3 dietary supplementation as a therapeutic intervention to reduce vascular dysfunction in sickle cell disease.
Synthesis of Novel Comb-Type Polylactide and Its Biodegradability (2001)

The control of biodegradation and the improvement of moldability of poly-l-lactide, PLA, have been difficult because of the high crystallinity and the lability of melt viscosity. The synthesis of biodegradable PLA having the branched structure, comb-type PLA, was carried out by using only metabolizable materials to obtain a new material showing the controlled degradation and good molding properties, and to provide information on correlation of branched structure with biodegradability. A depsipeptide−lactide random copolymer having pendant hydroxy groups, poly[(Glc-Ser)-LA], was obtained by ring-opening copolymerization of l-lactide, LA, with a protected cyclodepsipeptide, cyclo[Glc-Ser(OBzl)], and consequent deprotection. The obtained copolymer was used as a macroinitiator for graft-polymerization of LA to give comb-type PLA. The obtained comb-type PLA showed a lower glass transition point, melting point, and apparent crystallinity than linear PLA. Furthermore, it was suggested that the degradation rate of comb-type PLA could be adjusted by controlling the molecular architecture such as molecular weight of main chain and/or side chain and number of graft chain.
Antidepressant effects of light in seasonal affective disorder (1985)

The authors treated winter depression in 13 patients with typical seasonal affective disorder by extending the length of winter days with bright and dim light in the morning and evening in a balanced-order crossover study. Bright light had a marked antidepressant effect, whereas the dim light did not. This response could not be attributed to sleep deprivation. Subsequent pilot studies indicated that bright evening light alone is probably also effective. Several patients were able to maintain the antidepressant response throughout the winter months by continuing daily light treatments.
Colorimetric Determination of Benzylpenicillin (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric Determination of BenzylpenicillinG. E. Boxer and P. M. EverettCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 6, 670–673Publication Date (Print):June 13, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60030a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60030a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting the PI3K/Akt Cell Survival Pathway to Induce Cell Death of HIV-1 Infected Macrophages with Alkylphospholipid Compounds (2010)

This study suggests that Akt inhibitors, such as ALP compounds, may serve as potential anti-HIV-1 agents specifically targeting long-living HIV-1 macrophages and microglia reservoirs.
A Comprehensive Study of Subsurface Propagation from Horizontal Electric Dipoles (1980)

The general exact integrals for the electromagnetic field of an electric dipole in the earth near its boundary with the air are evaluated numerically over the full range of conductivities and permittivities that characterize different parts of the earth's surface. The following ranges are included: permittivities from 2 to 80, conductivities from 4 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> to 4 S/m, frequencies from 10 to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> Hz, radial distances from 0.1 to 100 km, and depths of the source and point of observation from 0.15 to 15 m. The generally useful component of the electric field E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> is represented in graphs and contour diagrams that display the characteristics of propagation in their dependence on the frequency, the radial distance, the depth, and the electrical parameters of the earth. They are interpreted in terms of approximate formulas of Banos which are evidences of the lateral-wave nature of the field.
Endogenous neurokinins facilitate synaptic transmission in guinea pig airway parasympathetic ganglia (2002)

Neurokinin-containing nerve fibers were localized to guinea pig airway parasympathetic ganglia in control tissues but not in tissues pretreated with capsaicin. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether neurokinins, released during axonal reflexes or after antidromic afferent nerve stimulation, modulate ganglionic synaptic neurotransmission. The neurokinin type 3 (NK(3)) receptor antagonists SB-223412 and SR-142801 inhibited vagally mediated cholinergic contractions of bronchi in vitro at stimulation voltages threshold for preganglionic nerve activation but had no effect on vagally mediated contractions evoked at optimal voltage or field stimulation-induced contractions. Intracellular recordings from the ganglia neurons revealed that capsaicin-sensitive nerve stimulation potentiated subsequent preganglionic nerve-evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. This effect was mimicked by the NK(3) receptor agonist senktide analog and blocked by SB-223412. In situ, senktide analog markedly increased baseline tracheal cholinergic tone, an effect that was reversed by atropine and prevented by vagotomy or SB-223412. Comparable effects of intravenous senktide analog on pulmonary insufflation pressure were observed. These data highlight the important integrative role played by parasympathetic ganglia and indicate that activation of NK(3) receptors in airway ganglia by endogenous neurokinins facilitates synaptic neurotransmission.
Field Experience of the Sequential Combustion System for the GT24/GT26 Gas Turbine Family (1998)

The first units of the Sequential Combustion System gas turbine family are in commercial operation. The first gas turbine GT24 (60Hz, 165MW-class) started the commercial operation, while the first GT26 (50Hz, 265MW-class) demonstrates its performance at the GT test facility. More engines are presently in the commissioning phase or will be in the near future. These turbines are designed to offer increased output at high GT efficiency. To acheive this, the sequential combustion system, a reheat process with two combustors, has been developed. Whereas the first combustor is based on the proven EV-combustor technology, extensive research and development efforts have been carried out in developing the lean premixed self-igniting second combustor (SEV). This paper is a follow-up of the ASME paper 96-GT-315, which described the basic research work concerning the lean premixing SEV-burners with self-ignition. The present paper reports the experience gained during commissioning of the first engines. The performance of the two combustors, as well as the measured emissions, are discussed and compared with the expected values and rig test results. Finally, the potential of the sequential combustion system to reach low NOx levels is demonstrated by unveiling the results of the extensive testing program during the commissioning phase.
Integrated Raman spectroscopy and trimodal wide-field imaging techniques for real-time in vivo tissue Raman measurements at endoscopy (2009)

We report an integrated Raman spectroscopy and trimodal (white-light reflectance, autofluorescence, and narrow-band) imaging techniques for real-time in vivo tissue Raman measurements at endoscopy. A special 1.8 mm endoscopic Raman probe with filtering modules is developed, permitting effective elimination of interference of fluorescence background and silica Raman in fibers while maximizing tissue Raman collections. We demonstrate that high-quality in vivo Raman spectra of upper gastrointestinal tract can be acquired within 1 s or subseconds under the guidance of wide-field endoscopic imaging modalities, greatly facilitating the adoption of Raman spectroscopy into clinical research and practice during routine endoscopic inspections.
Poly(1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-diyl) Having a Highly Extended and Electron-Withdrawing .pi.-Conjugation System. Preparation, Optical Properties, and Electrochemical Redox Reaction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-diyl) Having a Highly Extended and Electron-Withdrawing .pi.-Conjugation System. Preparation, Optical Properties, and Electrochemical Redox ReactionNobuo Saito and Takakazu YamamotoCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 12, 4260–4267Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00116a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00116a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A study on new DCT-based bit rate reduction algorithm and variable speed playback for a home-use digital VCR (1992)

A discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based block adaptive image data compression scheme is proposed for a home-use digital video cassette recorder (VCR). The technique maintains a high picture quality at a moderate bit rate. To attain a reasonable picture quality in high-speed playback, a segment forming method and a recording sequence of the encoded data were developed. The coding constraints for high-speed playback are reviewed. The coding scheme proposed for bit rate reduction in a digital VCR is described. Computer simulation results are presented. The simulation results show that the bit rate reduction scheme could attain not only subjectively good picture quality in normal-speed playback, but also an acceptable picture quality in high-speed playback.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Velocity Control with Gravity Compensation for Magnetic Helical Microswimmers (2011)

Magnetic helical microswimmers, which swim using a method inspired by the propulsion of bacterial flagella, are promising for use as untethered micromanipulators and as medical microrobots. Man-made devices are typically heavier than their fluid environment and consequently sink due to their own weight. To date, methods to compensate for gravitational effects have been ad hoc. In this paper, we present an open-loop algorithm for velocity control with gravity compensation for magnetic helical microswimmers that enables a human operator or automated controller to command desired velocity intuitively, rather than directly controlling the microswimmer's orientation and rotation speed. We provide experimental verification of the method.