gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesis (2019)

Previous works (Donahue et al., 2018a; Engel et al., 2019a) have found that generating coherent raw audio waveforms with GANs is challenging. In this paper, we show that it is possible to train GANs reliably to generate high quality coherent waveforms by introducing a set of architectural changes and simple training techniques. Subjective evaluation metric (Mean Opinion Score, or MOS) shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach for high quality mel-spectrogram inversion. To establish the generality of the proposed techniques, we show qualitative results of our model in speech synthesis, music domain translation and unconditional music synthesis. We evaluate the various components of the model through ablation studies and suggest a set of guidelines to design general purpose discriminators and generators for conditional sequence synthesis tasks. Our model is non-autoregressive, fully convolutional, with significantly fewer parameters than competing models and generalizes to unseen speakers for mel-spectrogram inversion. Our pytorch implementation runs at more than 100x faster than realtime on GTX 1080Ti GPU and more than 2x faster than real-time on CPU, without any hardware specific optimization tricks.
Crystal Structure of the Pleckstrin Homology Domain from the Ceramide Transfer Protein: Implications for Conformational Change upon Ligand Binding (2013)

Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) is responsible for the nonvesicular trafficking of ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the trans Golgi network where it is converted to sphingomyelin (SM). The N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is required for Golgi targeting of CERT by recognizing the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) enriched in the Golgi membrane. We report a crystal structure of the CERT PH domain. This structure contains a sulfate that is hydrogen bonded with residues in the canonical ligand-binding pocket of PH domains. Our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift perturbation (CSP) analyses show sulfate association with CERT PH protein resembles that of PtdIns(4)P, suggesting that the sulfate bound structure likely mimics the holo form of CERT PH protein. Comparison of the sulfate bound structure with the apo form solution structure shows structural rearrangements likely occur upon ligand binding, suggesting conformational flexibility in the ligand-binding pocket. This structural flexibility likely explains CERT PH domain's low affinity for PtdIns(4)P, a property that is distinct from many other PH domains that bind to their phosphoinositide ligands tightly. This unique structural feature of CERT PH domain is probably tailored towards the transfer activity of CERT protein where it needs to shuttle between ER and Golgi and therefore requires short resident time on ER and Golgi membranes.
THE BRIDGE ASSESSMENT AND STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME IN NORTHERN IRELAND (2000)

Introduction Responsibilities of Roads Service The Problem EU Directive (85/3/EEC) Bridge Assessment Bridge Strengthening The Cost of Assessment and Strengthening Programme Protective Measures in Place on Bridges Awaiting Strengthening Prioritisation of Bridge Strengthening Works
Mitochondrial Function in Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cellular Reprogramming (2013)

Mitochondria are organelles playing pivotal roles in a range of diverse cellular functions, from energy generation to redox homeostasis and apoptosis regulation. Their loss of functionality may indeed contribute to the development of aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, mitochondria have been shown to exhibit peculiar features in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Moreover, an extensive restructuring of mitochondria has been observed during the process of cellular reprogramming, i.e. the conversion of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These transformation events impact mitochondrial number, morphology, activity, cellular metabolism, and mtDNA integrity. PSCs retain the capability to self-renew indefinitely and to give rise to virtually any cell type of the body and thus hold great promise in medical research. Understanding the mitochondrial properties of PSCs, and how to modulate them, may thus help to shed light on the features of stemness and possibly increase our knowledge on cellular identity and differentiation pathways. Here, we review these recent findings and discuss their implications in the context of stem cell biology, aging research, and regenerative medicine.
A Finite Element Study of Low Reynolds Number Two-Phase Flow in Cylindrical Tubes (1985)

A finite element solution to the steady-state problem of an inviscid bubble flowing at low Reynolds number in a cylindrical tube occupied by a second viscous phase was obtained. Interfacial tension forces were balanced against the viscous and pressure forces in order to locate the position of bubble-liquid interface. Velocities, pressures, and film thicknesses were obtained as a function of the capillary number. Specific applications of these results include the description of multiphase flow in tubes and porous media, and blood cell movement in small capillaries. The numerical results are compared with published theories and experiments.
Oral Almotriptan vs Oral Sumatriptan in the Abortive Treatment of Migraine (2001)

Almotriptan and sumatriptan are similarly effective in the abortive treatment of moderate or severe migraine headache; they are also similarly well tolerated and safe.
Biometric Signature based Public Key Security System (2020)

Digital signature is a technique that is utilized to check the authenticity of a message transmitted electronically. The digital signature technique is based on a public key method. The meant transmitter signs his / her message of his / her private key and the meant receiver checks that with the public key of the transmitter. Digital signatures also ensure authentication of messages, integrity verification, and nonrepudiation systems. This paper presents the concept of Biometric Signature: a recent technique to digitally sign a message utilizing biometrics- associated with digital signature key creation, so, merging the benefits of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), through the utilize of biometric-based digital signature creation that is secure, reliable, quickly-comfortable, non-invasive, and clearly describes the transaction creator. It also proposes biometric signature algorithms utilizing the commonly utilized RSA digital signature technique and shows the problems related to them. This paper analyses the security of the modulus and the size of the keys used and computes the strength of RSA based on the number of bits in the key (iris template). The time of the scheme is calculated and it is extremely small (in sec).
Care is coming home where all learning begins (2005)

To offer holistic provision in the early years, practitioners must consider the effects of the home on the young child, says Kate Wall.
CD40 antigen is expressed by endothelial cells and tumor cells in Kaposi's sarcoma. (1996)

The CD40 antigen is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily and is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Using different monoclonal antibodies, we found CD40 expression by immunohistochemistry on CD31- and CD34-positive Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells in all tumors of 18 HIV-1 seropositive and 4 HIV-1 seronegative patients. Western blot analysis of tumor lysates detected a 48- to 50-kd glycoprotein corresponding to the CD40 antigen expressed by B lymphocytes. CD40 expression was also detectable in one of four cultures of spindle cells derived from Kaposi sarcoma tissue. Treatment of the CD40-positive spindle cells but not of the CD40-negative ones with interferon-gamma up-regulated CD40 surface expression. Besides on Kaposi sarcoma tumor cells, CD40 was distinctly present on vascular endothelial cells in areas within and adjacent to the tumors and in benign inflammatory lesions such as granulation tissue of HIV-1-negative patients. In contrast, CD34-negative endothelia of thin walled vessels, most likely lymphatics, were predominantly CD40 negative. Only faint or no CD40 expression was found on endothelial cells in normal skin. We conclude from our data that expression of the CD40 antigen by endothelial cells is up-regulated during tissue inflammation. As signaling through CD40 is able to increase cell survival, expression of CD40 by Kaposi sarcoma tumor cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of this neoplasm.
4 - Déroulement de phase : application à la correction de distorsions géométriques en IRM (2005)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging has entered clinical practice about fifteen years ago, and has become one of the most widely\nused imaging modality. MRI suffers from important geometric distortions, leading to pixel shifts and intensity variations in the\nacquired images. Correction of these distortions is clearly required in stereotactic surgery using frame-based registrations or\nneuro-navigation. These distortions can be corrected using the phase of signal or image. However, as in Inverse Synthetic\nAperture Radar (ISAR), the phase of the signal is obtained modulo 2 π. The goal of Phase unwrapping is to retrieve the initial\nphase of the signal. After a brief summary of related works and applications mainly using ISAR data, this paper presents a\nnew algorithm for phase unwrapping. This algorithm is fast, robust to noise and takes into account the discontinuities of the\nacquired object. It is based upon the notion of homogeneous region. This homogeneity is defined by phase jumps and no\nparameters have to be determined a priori. Experiments on noisy phantoms exhibit good robustness to noise. An application\nto the correction of MRI of the head is presented.
An analysis of automation for monitoring Area Navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) terminal operations (2008)

As stated in the roadmap for performance-based navigation, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is committed to implementing area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) procedures throughout the National Airspace System (NAS). RNAV and RNP procedures provide lateral guidance as well as vertical and speed restrictions at waypoints where necessary along arrival or departure procedures. As compared to conventional vectoring operations where the terminal controller issues heading, speed, and altitude clearances, RNAV procedures reduce the number of clearances issued by air traffic control (ATC). The MITRE Corporationpsilas Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) in coordination with ATC subject matter experts from FAA operational facilities has conducted research to define automation needs for monitoring RNAV and RNP operations. The needs focus on ensuring controllers maintain situation awareness in environments with high RNAV and RNP participation and increasing traffic levels. One major function of the automation is to provide an alert to a radar controller when an aircraft is deviating from its assigned RNAV or RNP procedure. This paper presents the automation needs associated with monitoring RNAV and RNP operations, and the results from human-in-the-loop experiments that measured latency times in detecting deviation events in simulated RNAV and RNP environments with and without the alerting automation. Results indicate that latency times associated with detecting pilot deviations were reduced in conditions with the monitoring automation. Subjective workload measures were not different in any significant way.
Corrosion resistance of tantalum base alloys. Elimination of hydrogen embrittlement in tantalum by substitutional alloying (1984)

Abstract The corrosion behaviour of substitutional Ta–Mo, Ta–W, Ta–Nb, Ta–Hf, Ta–Zr, Ta–Re, Ta–Ni, Ta–V, Ta–W–Mo, Ta–W–Nb, Ta–W–Hf and Ta–W–Re alloys has been investigated in various corrosive media, i.e. (1) concentrated sulfuric acid at 250°C and 200°C, (2) boiling hydrochloric acid of azeotropic composition, (3) concentrated hydrochloric acid at 150°C under pressure, (4) HF‐containing solutions and (5)0.5% H 2 SO 4 at room temperature (anodisation). In highly corrosive media such as concentrated H 2 SO 4 at 250°C and concentrated HCl at 150°C tantalum is hydrogen embrittled, probably by stress induced precipitation of β‐hydride. Both corrosion rate and hydrogen embrittlement in concentrated H 2 SO 4 at 250°C are strongly influenced by alloying elements. Small alloying additions of either Mo or Re decrease the corrosion rate and the hydrogen embrittlement, while Hf has the opposite effect. Hydrogen embrittlement in concentrated H 2 SO 4 at 250°C is completely eliminated by alloying Ta with 1 to 3 at % Mo (0.5 to 1.5 wt % Mo). These results can be explained in terms of the oxygen deficiency of the Ta 2 O 5 film and the electronic structure of these alloys.
A Multifunctional Coating for Autonomous Corrosion Control (2010)

Nearly all metals and their alloys are subject to corrosion that causes them to lose their structural integrity or other critical functionality. Protective coatings are the most commonly used method of corrosion control. However, progressively stricter environmental regulations have resulted in the ban of many commercially available corrosion protective coatings due to the harmful effects of their solvents or corrosion inhibitors. This work concerns the development of a multifunctional smart coating for the autonomous control of corrosion. This coating is being developed to have the inherent ability to detect the chemical changes associated with the onset of corrosion and respond autonomously to indicate it and control it. The multi-functionality of the coating is based on microencapsulation technology specifically designed for corrosion control applications. This design has, in addition to all the advantages of existing microcapsulation designs, the corrosion controlled release function that triggers the delivery of corrosion indicators and inhibitors on demand, only when and where needed. Microencapsulation of self-healing agents for autonomous repair of mechanical damage to the coating is also being pursued. Corrosion indicators, corrosion inhibitors, as well as self-healing agents, have been encapsulated and dispersed into several paint systems to test the corrosion detection, inhibition, and self-healing properties of the coating. Key words: Corrosion, coating, autonomous corrosion control, corrosion indication, corrosion inhibition, self-healing coating, smart coating, multifunctional coating, microencapsulation.
ROS generation via NOX4 and its utility in the cytological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (2011)

Abstract Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via NADPH oxidase (NOX) contributes to various types of cancer progression. In the present research, we examined the pathobiological role of NADPH oxidase (NOX)4-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder, and demonstrated the utility of ROS labeling in urine cytology. Methods NOX4 gene was silenced in vivo and in vitro by NOX4 siRNA transfection with or without atlocollagen. Cell cycle and measurement of ROS were analyzed by flowcytometry. Orthotopic implantation animal model was used in vivo experiment. NOX4 expression in urothelial carcinoma cells was observed by immunohistochemical analysis using surgical specimens of human bladder cancer. Urine cytology was performed after treatment with ROS detection reagents in addition to Papanicolaou staining. Results NOX4 was overexpressed in several UC cell lines and the NOX inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium reduced intracellular ROS and induced p16-dependent cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Moreover, silencing of NOX4 by siRNA significantly reduced cancer cell growth in vivo as assessed in an orthotopic mouse model. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high expression of NOX4 in low grade/non-invasive and high grade/invasive UC including precancerous lesions such as dysplasia but not in normal urothelium. Then, we assessed the usefulness of cytological analysis of ROS producing cells in urine (ROS-C). Urine samples obtained from UC cases and normal controls were treated with fluorescent reagents labeling the hydrogen peroxide/superoxide anion and cytological atypia of ROS positive cells were analyzed. As a result, the sensitivity for detection of low grade, non-invasive UC was greatly increased (35% in conventional cytology (C-C) vs. 75% in ROS-C), and the specificity was 95%. Through ROS-C, we observed robust improvement in the accuracy of follow-up urine cytology for cases with previously diagnosed UC, especially in those with low grade/non-invasive cancer recurrence (0% in C-C vs. 64% in ROS-C). Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating that ROS generation through NOX4 contributes to an early step of urothelial carcinogenesis and cancer cell survival. In addition, cytology using ROS labeling could be a useful diagnostic tool in human bladder cancer.
RECENT ADVANCES IN OBSTETRIC ANALGESIA (1954)

The principles that govern good obstetric analgesic practice are the provision of pain relief for the expectant mother, the prevention of maternal complications, and the protection of the newborn from respiratory and circulatory depression. In the United States, more than 100,000 fatalities per year occur on the day of birth and the estimated incidence of sequelae is even greater. It is felt that a decrease of mortality and morbidity might be effected by a better understanding of the recently available pharmacological tools and the exercise of greater precision in their use. The method of analgesia that is most popular at the present time is the use of the short-acting barbiturates, such as pentobarbital (Nembutal) or secobarbital (Seconal) in the dose of 3/4 to 1 1/2 grains (50 to 100 mg.) early in labor to allay anxiety and apprehension. During the active phase of labor, meperidine (Demerol) hydrochloride (50 to 100
Visual representation of database queries using structural similarity (2004)

It is often useful to get high-level views of datasets in order to identify areas of interest worthy of further exploration. In relational databases, the high-level view can be described using entity-relationship diagrams, which identify relationships between entities in the data model. Such high-level views are useful for database design activities, and can be used to generate user interfaces for constructing queries. This research introduces techniques for visualizing structural similarity of database queries. We demonstrate that individual queries can be visualized using graph visualization techniques. A distance measure based on query structure is proposed that provides database designers and administrators with a high-level perspective of relationships in the underlying data.
Effect of Heparin-bonded Central Venous Catheters on the Incidence of Catheter-related Thrombosis and Infection in Children and Adults (2006)

The use of central venous catheters, while advantageous, is associated with a range of complications including thrombosis and infection. These complications can pose significant physical and financial costs to the patient and health care system. A critical appraisal of the two randomized controlled trials examining this topic in critically ill patients has shown that heparin-bonded central venous catheters significantly reduced the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis and infection in children and adults. These findings suggest that heparin-bonded central venous catheters should be considered for routine use in critically ill patients.
Quantum Size Effects on Dielectric Constants and Optical Absorption of Ultrathin Silicon Films (2008)

The size dependence of the dielectric constants and optical absorption for silicon nanostructured films are investigated using density-functional theory. A critical thickness of 4.3 nm is observed for Si (100)-oriented thin films. Within this critical thickness, the dielectric function and optical absorption show remarkable size dependence, and a large reduction of static dielectric constant (from 10.8 to 4.4) is observed. This is in contrast to the weak dependence of dielectric constant on film thickness in silicon dioxide thin films. The pronounced dependence and large critical thickness demonstrate a quantum-confinement effect on optical properties, which is of great importance to nanophotonics.
Effects of Suckling on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Responses to Psychosocial Stress in Postpartum Lactating Women (2001)

In several studies lactation has been shown to be associated with a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyporesponsiveness to physical and psychological stressors. As it is not known whether the marked blunting of endocrine stress reactivity in women can be ascribed to suckling as a short-term effect or to lactation in general, the acute effects of suckling on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system responses to mental stress were investigated in lactating women. Forty-three lactating women were randomly assigned either to breast-feed or to hold their infants for a 15-min period with the onset 30 min before they were exposed to a brief psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). Both breast-feeding and holding the infant yielded significant decreases in ACTH, total plasma cortisol, and salivary free cortisol (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in baseline hormone levels between the groups 1 min before the stress test. In response to stress exposure, ACTH, total plasma cortisol, salivary free cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were significantly increased in all lactating women (all P < 0.001). However, total cortisol and free cortisol responses to stress were attenuated in breast-feeding women (P = 0.001 and P = 0.067, respectively), who also showed significantly decreasing PRL levels during the stress test (P = 0.005). In addition, there was no change in plasma oxytocin or vasopressin in response to the stressor. Breast-feeding as well as holding led to decreased anxiety (P < 0.05), whereas, in contrast, stress exposure worsened mood, calmness, and anxiety in the total group (all P < 0.001). From these data we conclude that lactation in women, in contrast to that in rats, does not result in a general restraint of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a psychosocial stressor. Rather, suckling is suggested to exert a short-term suppression of the cortisol response to mental stress.
Decentralized Software Upgrading in remote network based on Embedded Linux (2013)

Embedded devices used in remote network have schedules to transmit analytical data from sensing devices over long distance with long range communication such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) with client-server communication. Besides, the existing Master Slave upgrade firmware method requires each connection time for reprogramming. After device installation, firmware reprogramming and reconfiguration for all embedded devices in remote network are difficult. The more number of devices (N) are installed, the more effort is needed for reprogramming and reconfiguring. In this paper, a novel decentralized firmware upgrade method is proposed without using client-server concept. The proposed method is able to distribute programs or configurations from the embedded device that has been last reprogrammed. The results show that the new firmware upgrade can dramatically save upgrading time in a network with high N.