gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Travel time inversion: A geometrical approach (1979)

A geometric formulation of the seismic travel time problem is given based upon the use of slowness as an independent variable. Many of the difficulties in the conventional treatment (e.g., singular kernels) are thereby, avoided. Furthermore, it is shown that the inverse problem possesses an inherently linear formulation. In this formalism we are able to provide extremal solutions giving upper and lower depth bounds using linear programing. This approach has been compared with two well‐known nonlinear extremal inversions. We find our technique to be easier to implement and find that it often generates superior results.
High-energy-density plasmas generation on GEKKO-LFEX laser facility for fast-ignition laser fusion studies and laboratory astrophysics (2012)

The world's largest peta watt (PW) laser LFEX, which delivers energy up to 2 kJ in a 1.5 ps pulse, has been constructed beside the GEKKO XII laser at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. The GEKKO-LFEX laser facility enables the creation of materials having high-energy-density which do not exist naturally on the Earth and have an energy density comparable to that of stars. High-energy-density plasma is a source of safe, secure, environmentally sustainable fusion energy. Direct-drive fast-ignition laser fusion has been intensively studied at this facility under the auspices of the Fast Ignition Realization Experiment (FIREX) project.
Introducing decryption authority into PKI (2002)

It is well-known that CA plays the central role in PKI. We introduce a new component into PKI, DA (decryption authority), which decrypts important and sensitive messages for clients under certain conditions. A PKI with DA provides solutions to many security problems in e-commerce and online transactions. If we consider that public key cryptography provides both digital signature and asymmetric encryption technologies, DA completes PKI by adding the missing half function. More importantly, DA can greatly increase PKI implementation service revenue. We describe the application background and technical principle of DA, give a general explanation on how DA serves clients, and review some relevant research work. We believe that the PKI with DA has great potential to lead to a killing product for e-commerce security.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE DISTORTION OF TRIODIA AND XANTHORRHOEA RESINS ON AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL ARTEFACTS IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS (1991)

(1991). INVESTIGATION INTO THE DISTORTION OF TRIODIA AND XANTHORRHOEA RESINS ON AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL ARTEFACTS IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS. AICCM Bulletin: Vol. 17, No. 1-2, pp. 61-74.
Detecting Presentation Attacks from 3D Face Masks Under Multispectral Imaging (2018)

Automated detection of sensor level spoof attacks using 3D face masks is critical to protect integrity of face recognition systems deployed for security and surveillance. This paper investigates a multispectral imaging approach to more accurately detect such presentation attacks. Real human faces and spoof face images from 3D face masks are simultaneously acquired under visible and near infrared (multispectral) illumination using two separate sensors. Ranges of convolutional neural network based configurations are investigated to improve the detection accuracy from such presentation attacks. Our experimental results indicate that near-infrared based imaging of 3D face masks offers superior performance as compared to those for the respective real/spoof face images acquired under visible illumination. Combination of simultaneously acquired presentation attack images under multispectral illumination can be used to further improve the accuracy of detecting attacks from more realistic 3D face masks.
A Catalogue of the Ephemeroptera of the Indian Subregion (1978)

AbstractAbstractAll species of Ephemcroptera reported from the Indian Subregion of the Oriental Region are included in a catalogue along with pertinent references. A bibliography of literature on the mayflies of the Indian Subregion is included. Ephemera brunnea is proposed as a new name for Ephemera striata Ali, 1970 (preoccupied) and the genus Eatonia Ali, 1970 is synonymized with Isonychia Eaton, 1871.
Statistical method for influence of exposure and focus error on CD variation (2001)

Lithographic process fluctuations are treated as statistical values and reduced to effective exposure and focus error. The distribution function of CD is derived in the analytical formula in order to calculate CD yield which is important to device characteristics. The process fluctuations are represented as a summation of mean value for interval of process control and deviation from the mean value. New process window for the mean values is proposed using the CD yield. The process window expands when the frequency of process control increases. Quantitative evaluation is performed under the allowable CD yield.
Radioprotective Property of the Ethanolic Extract of Piper betel Leaf (2005)

The radioprotective activity of Piper betel ethanolic extract (PE) has been studied using rat liver mitochondria and pBR 322 plasmid DNA as two model in vitro systems. The extract effectively prevented gamma-ray induced lipid peroxidation as assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates, lipid hydroperoxide and conjugated diene. Likewise, it prevented radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in a concentration dependent manner. The radioprotective activity of PE could be attributed to its hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging property along with its lymphoproliferative activity. The radical scavenging capacity of PE was primarily due to its constituent phenolics, which were isolated and identified as chevibetol and allyl pyrocatechol.
Extensive Experimental Analysis of Image Statistical Measures for Image Processing Appliances (2016)

Focal intention of this paper is to emphasize the appliance of the basic image statics for image restoration, de-blurring, de-noising, enhancement, edge detection, edge sharpening, finding edge position and many more root level appliances of image processing and computer vision. For the evaluation and study of restoration, de-blurring and de-noising, some noise molds are discussed and then for the estimation of the results of statistics, some amount of different types of noise have been added to the image and then the process of filtration is performed for scrutiny the effect. For scrutiny of enhancement some de-enhanced or low contrast image are used. Some image quality measures i.e., Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio Discussion and conclusions drawn from the experimental results are the comparative study of these appliances of image processing. This paper provide the detail study of selected appliances of image processing and computer vision experimentally, evaluate the performance, compare result on literature and give trend what can be done for new and better loom.
Unification of image fusion and super-resolution using jointly trained dictionaries and local information contents (2012)

Multi-modal imaging requires image fusion to combine advantages of different types of sensors and requires super-resolution (SR) because of limited spatial resolution of source images. In this study, a novel framework is proposed for unification of image SR and the fusion process to obtain a high-resolution (HR)-fused image from a set of low-resolution (LR) multi-modal images. The jointly trained dictionaries of LR patches and corresponding HR patches are used for sparse representation of LR source image patches and HR-fused image patches, respectively. The sparse coefficients vectors for corresponding patches of source LR images are determined by using orthogonal matching pursuit and a local information content-based metric is employed to fuse these sparse coefficients. The corresponding HR-fused image patch is obtained by combining elements of the HR dictionary as per the fused coefficients of the LR image patches. The experimental results on sets of multi-modal images exhibited that the proposed method outperformed the existing fusion and SR techniques in terms of visual quality and image fusion quality metrics.
Mechanisms of Mucosal Injury in the Stomach and Duodenum: Time-sequence Analysis of Morphologic, Functional, Biochemical and Histochemical Studies (1987)

This review is based on results from our laboratory and those published by others, and is focused on the early stages of pathogenesis that can be studied mostly in animals. Gastric mucosal injury is analysed on the examples of ethanol- and aspirin-induced lesions. Ethanol (50-100%) rapidly penetrates the mucosa, causes directly and/or indirectly (e.g., release of vasoactive products) endothelial damage in superficial and deep capillaries and venules. The vascular damage results in increased vascular permeability and decrease in blood flow leading to complete circulatory standstill in superficial capillaries 1-2 min after intragastric administration of concentrated ethanol. The direct chemical damage to surface mucosal epithelium is then followed by hypoxia and deep hemorrhagic necrosis in 1-5 min (erosion or ulcer). Unionized aspirin initiates a similar and complex yet slower progressing and less extensive erosion than alcohol. Duodenal erosion and ulcer produced by cysteamine, mepirizole or MPTP are preceded by excess acid in the proximal duodenum. This could be due to increased gastric acid output (1-4 hr), decreased bicarbonate secretion or duodenal dysmotility (0.5-8 hr) preventing the proper mix of acid and base in duodenal bulb. Necrosis and desquamation of absorptive cells in duodenal villi are evident 2-4 hr, followed by villus amputation (4-8 hr), erosion and ulcer (8-24 hr). The pathogenesis of gastroduodenal mucosal injury can thus be reconstructed from results obtained with animal models and from human studies. The results should serve as a basis to design protective drugs that are active on the basis of pathogenetic events.
Fundamental Investigation Of Vacuum PD Tube (2005)

As a fiindamental study of photodiodes (PDs) for electron bombardment, two types of PDs have been experimentally investigated to be applied in electron tubes. A PD bombarded from the fiont surface (FB-PD), where pn junction of planer structure existed, was evaluated to perform fast response characteristics such as 2. Ins in rise time, however, more than an order of increase of dark current was also confirmed after a long term stability test of 1000 hours. On the other hand. a PD bombarded by electrons from the rear surface (RB-PD) was measured to show no increase of dark current after the stability test and fast rise time of 2.7ns. However, it was clarified that the rise time of RB-PD depended on applied voltage to the PD, and applied voltage of 200V was necessary to achieve such fast response. Since it was much higher voltage than it was expected, some modifications may be necessary to achieve fast response with lower applied voltage, considering a yield of the PDs. Comparison of two types of PDs on some other characteristics are discussed. Preliminary test result of electron bombardment APD is also discussed.
A Body Biasing Method for Charge Recovery Circuits: Improving the Energy Efficiency and DPA-Immunity (2010)

Charge recovery is a promising concept to design (cryptographic) VLSI circuits with low energy dissipation. However, unsatisfactory designs of proposed logic cells degrade its theoretical efficiency significantly both in its energy consumption and the resistance against differential power analysis attacks (DPA-attacks). Short circuit dissipation and non-adiabatic discharging of capacitance loads are the two major sources of this degradation which are addressed in this paper. In order to reduce these dissipation significantly, we manipulate threshold voltage of circuits transistors by body biasing. To evaluate the efficiency of our method we select a common charge recovery logic called 2N- 2N2P and examine it on 8-bit Brent-Kung adder as well as 4-bit, 8-bit and 16-bit 2N-2N2P carry look-ahead adders. Experimental results show at least 50% reduction in the energy consumption as compared to traditional 2N-2N2P. Moreover, using our technique reduces the dynamic power variation by a factor of 7.8 on the 2N- 2N2P inverter and therefore improves DPA-resistance of charge recovery circuits significantly.
The Law Gone Awry: Bernstein v. Van Heyghen Freres (1949)

THE recurrent judicial aberration against which the legal diagnostician Cardozo thus warned' is graphically exemplified in the farreaching decision of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in the case of Bernstein v. Van Heyghen Frlres.2 The criticism that this case has evoked has been spontaneous, widespread and continuous.3 No disinterested voice has defended it in its essential aspects. For spiritual precedent, it recalls the Dred Scott decision,4 an equally labored attempt to justify the unjustifiable. In its philosophy it upholds at its most nefarious extreme the doctrine of the state versus the individual, in sharp conflict with historic American championship of the individual as against state usurpation, and with present-day American resistance to totalitarianism. It is appropriate, therefore, now that some time has elapsed, to review comprehensively the foundations upon which this decision rests, as well as its full implications. Bernstein v. Van Heyghen involved the right of an American citizen5 to secure redress in an American court for an extortion practiced
Precise Control of End-tidal Carbon Dioxide Levels Using Sequential Rebreathing Circuits (2005)

Anaesthesiologists have traditionally been consulted to help design breathing circuits to attain and maintain target end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO2). The methodology has recently been simplified by breathing circuits that sequentially deliver fresh gas (not containing carbon dioxide (CO2)) and reserve gas (containing CO2). Our aim was to determine the roles of fresh gas flow, reserve gas PCO2 and minute ventilation in the determination of P(ET)CO2. We first used a computer model of a non-rebreathing sequential breathing circuit to determine these relationships. We then tested our model by monitoring P(ET)CO2 in human volunteers who increased their minute ventilation from resting to five times resting levels. The optimal settings to maintain P(ET)CO2 independently of minute ventilation are 1) fresh gas flow equal to minute ventilation minus anatomical deadspace ventilation, and 2) reserve gas PCO2 equal to alveolar PCO2. We provide an equation to assist in identifying gas settings to attain a target PCO2. The ability to precisely attain and maintain a target PCO2 (isocapnia) using a sequential gas delivery circuit has multiple therapeutic and scientific applications.
Interacting Multiview Tracker (2015)

A robust algorithm is proposed for tracking a target object in dynamic conditions including motion blurs, illumination changes, pose variations, and occlusions. To cope with these challenging factors, multiple trackers based on different feature representations are integrated within a probabilistic framework. Each view of the proposed multiview (multi-channel) feature learning algorithm is concerned with one particular feature representation of a target object from which a tracker is developed with different levels of reliability. With the multiple trackers, the proposed algorithm exploits tracker interaction and selection for robust tracking performance. In the tracker interaction, a transition probability matrix is used to estimate dependencies between trackers. Multiple trackers communicate with each other by sharing information of sample distributions. The tracker selection process determines the most reliable tracker with the highest probability. To account for object appearance changes, the transition probability matrix and tracker probability are updated in a recursive Bayesian framework by reflecting the tracker reliability measured by a robust tracker likelihood function that learns to account for both transient and stable appearance changes. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed interacting multiview algorithm performs robustly and favorably against state-of-the-art methods in terms of several quantitative metrics.
The Evolution of Horizontal Completion Techniques for the Gulf of Mexico: Where have we been and where are we going? (1999)

Abstract Since the early 1990's, horizontal openhole screen completions have continued to gain acceptance as a viable completion technique for Gulf of Mexico high-permeability, soft-rock completions. The primary drivers for encouraging the use of this type completion have been the higher production rates that, when coupled with the increased percentage of recoverable reserves, have provided a quicker and greater return on investment (ROI) than other completion methods. Advances in directional and horizontal drilling, measurement-while-drilling (MWD), and fluid systems were the enabling technologies for drilling and completing of long openhole horizontal intervals. Because of the horizontal environment, specialized completion systems were required, developed, and successfully deployed. These systems have combined proven technology with new packer and service tool designs, production screens, etc. to adapt to the rigorous demands of the horizontal wellbore. The viability of this completion technique is now being questioned as a result of the increasing number of completion failures. Some completions have experienced production rate declines, water coning, and/or sand production. Why has this problem suddenly become more pronounced? This paper will discuss the chronological development of horizontal completion systems and the perceived drivers as well as the current innovations in completion tools and techniques. In addition, the speculation and causes related to horizontal completion failures will be addressed. Finally, the paper will discuss the completion trends of the future and attempt to answer the questions asked in the title by providing some possible resolutions to current horizontal completion problems.
Controllable Formation of Nanofilaments in Resistive Memories via Tip‐Enhanced Electric Fields (2016)

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has a great potential to be the next‐generation non‐volatile memory device. However, the random nucleation and growth of conductive filaments (CFs) in ReRAM causes the low reliability in switching behaviors, leading to difficulties in its practical application. This study demonstrates that manipulating electric fields in ReRAM via a structured electrode can provide the controllable formation of CFs. Ag pyramids that have a high‐quality tip prepared via the template‐stripping method generate highly enhanced electric fields at the tip. Because the tip‐enhanced electric fields can facilitate the ionization of Ag atoms and their migration along the electric fields, the nucleation and growth of CFs occurs predominantly at the tip. The CFs in ReRAM are directly observed using electron microscopy and it is confirmed that the CFs are formed only at the tip. The resulting ReRAM exhibits low and reliable SET/RESET voltages (0.48 V ± 0.02 V and 0.15 V ± 0.06 V, respectively). Moreover, its endurance and retention time are highly improved, compared to those devices that are based on conventional geometry. Thus, this approach can encourage creating high‐performance ReRAM.
Efficient packet data service in a spread spectrum OFDM cellular system with 2‐dimensional radio resource allocation (2004)

Abstract This paper describes and evaluates a novel 2‐dimensional radio resource allocation scheme for high‐throughput cellular packet data access. The proposed system employs spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with adaptive time and frequency allocation (SS‐OFDM‐F/TA) of radio resources. In order to achieve high spectral efficiency of downlink packet transmissions to multiple mobile users, multi‐user diversity available in the multi path fading environment is exploited through the use of adaptive modulation and coding, best serving sector selection, suitable scheduling of packet transmissions and hybrid ARQ employing soft‐packet combining and incremental redundancy. The data throughput, packet delay and fairness of the system with slow and fast best sector selection are examined. A method of grouping disjoint sub‐bands for use in highly frequency‐selective environments is described and evaluated. Packet re‐transmission options including a proposal of several asynchronous re‐transmission algorithms and constraining the maximum re‐transmission interval are also considered. It is demonstrated that the proposed spread spectrum OFDM system is capable of reaching a spectral efficiency of about 1.7 b/sec/Hz/sector with single receive and transmit antennas, and seems to provide a promising solution for high‐throughput best‐effort delay‐tolerant data services in future cellular radio systems. Copyright © 2004 AEI
A rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for measuring amino acids associated with maple syrup urine disease, tyrosinaemia and phenylketonuria (2007)

UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry generates data that compares well with existing 'gold standard' methodologies but significantly reduces sample turnaround time. Decreasing the turnaround time for amino acid analyses is very likely to improve clinical care for patients with amino acid disorders as dietary adjustments can be made sooner.
Transferable anticancer innate immunity in spontaneous regression/complete resistance mice (2006)

Spontaneous regression/complete resistance (SR/CR) mice resist very high doses of cancer cells that are lethal to WT mice even at low doses. In this study, we show that this resistance is mediated by rapid infiltration of leukocytes, mostly of innate immunity, in both primary and repeated challenges. Formation of rosettes with infiltrating natural killer cells, neutrophils, and macrophages was required for the subsequent destruction of cancer cells through rapid cytolysis. Highly purified natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils from the SR/CR mice independently killed cancer cells in vitro. The independent killing activity by each subset of effector cells is consistent with the observation that the resistance was abolished by depleting total infiltrating leukocytes but not by depleting only one or two subsets of leukocytes. The resistance was completely transferable to WT recipient mice through SR/CR splenocytes, bone marrow cells, or enriched peritoneal macrophages, either for prevention against subsequent cancer challenges or eradication of established malignancy at distant sites.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Thiazinotrienomycin E (1999)

[formula: see text] The first total synthesis of (+)-thiazinotrienomycin E (1), member of a novel class of cytotoxic ansamycin antibiotics, has been achieved. The synthesis features a highly efficient construction of the aromatic fragment 3 incorporating TBS protection of the aniline, a significantly improved synthesis of (-)-19, an intermediate employed in our trienomycins A and F total syntheses, application of the Kocienski modified Julia protocol to elaborate the E,E,E-triene subunit, an efficient union of 3 and (+)-4, and Mukaiyama macrolactamization to access the thiazinotrienomycin macrolide.