gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full supplementation: A new method of fattening beef cattle on pasture… (1962)

Full supplementation by free-choice feeding of rolled or ground barley to cattle on irrigated pastures brought them to acceptable slaughter condition within a 120 to 150 day feeding period in recent trials at Davis. Other factors also considered essential to the program included plenty of water nearby; a stocking rate of 5 to 7 head per acre or at least double the normal rate without supplement feeding; rotation of pastures to keep forage palatable and to facilitate irrigation; implanting each animal with 30 mg of diethylstilbesterol; and careful control of internal parasites.
The Author??s Editor (1976)

When a physician or scientist and his editor work together on a personal basis, a creative interaction takes place. The talents of both merge to generate a superior product. And the effectiveness of this symbiotic relationship is enhanced over time. That is, as the author and editor collaborate on more projects, both the quality of the manuscripts and the efficiency of the writing process improve. Ultimately, this means that many hours of the author's time are freed for his scientific endeavors, the institution saves money, and the published material is superior.
Gasolines show varied responses to alcohols (1983)

The current situation regarding alcohol additives and gasoline is presented. This is followed by a discussion of some specific results of research on the gasoline blending characteristics of alcohols, particularly those of the gasoline additive Oxinol. This work permits the comparison of their economic values relative to other octane enhancers, including refining processing options. (Refs. 4).
Postimplantation expression patterns indicate a role for the mouse <i>forkhead</i>/HNF-3 α, β and γ genes in determination of the definitive endoderm, chordamesoderm and neuroectoderm (1993)

The HNF-3 alpha, beta and gamma genes constitute a family of transcription factors that are required for hepatocyte-specific gene expression of a number of genes, e.g. transthyretin, alpha-1 antitrypsin and tyrosine aminotransferase. These genes share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain first found in the Drosophila gene, forkhead, which is required for the normal patterning of the developing gut and central nervous system in Drosophila. In adult mouse tissues, transcripts from HNF-3 alpha and beta have been localised to the liver, intestine and lung, whereas HNF-3 gamma is found in the liver, intestine and testis. In light of the early developmental significance of forkhead in Drosophila, we have compared the patterns of expression of HNF-3 alpha, beta and gamma mRNAs during murine embryogenesis. We find that these genes are sequentially activated during development in the definitive endoderm. HNF-3 beta mRNA is expressed in the node at the anterior end of the primitive streak in all three germ layers and is the first gene of this family to be activated. Subsequently, HNF-3 alpha is transcribed in the primitive endoderm in the region of the invaginating foregut and HNF-3 gamma appears upon hindgut differentiation. These genes have different anterior boundaries of mRNA expression in the developing endoderm and transcripts are found in all endoderm-derived structures that differentiate posterior to this boundary. Therefore, we propose that these genes define regionalization within the definitive endoderm. Furthermore, differential mRNA expression of HNF-3 alpha and beta is detected in cells of the ventral neural epithelium, chordamesoderm and notochord. In the neural epithelium, expression of HNF-3 alpha and beta mRNA becomes localised to cells of the floor plate. We propose that, in addition to their characterised requirement for liver-specific gene expression, HNF-3 alpha and beta are required for mesoderm and neural axis formation. We also conclude that HNF-3 beta is the true orthologue of the Drosophila forkhead gene.
Near-field optical micromanipulation with cavity enhanced evanescent waves (2006)

We show that the forces associated with near-field optical micromanipulation can be greatly increased through the use of cavity enhanced evanescent waves. This approach utilizes a resonant dielectric waveguide structure and a prism coupler to produce Fabry-Pérot-like cavity modes at a dielectric-fluid interface. Fabricated structures show a ten times enhancement in the optical interaction and optical force for micrometer-sized colloids. In addition, stable accumulation and ordering of large scale arrays of colloids are demonstrated using two counter-propagating cavity enhanced evanescent waves.
On the correct translation of update operations on relational views (1982)

Most relational database systems provide a facility for supporting user views. Permitting this level of abstraction has the danger, however, that update requests issued by a user within the context of his view may not translate correctly into equivalent updates on the underlying database. The purpose of this paper is to formalize the notion of update translation and derive conditions under which translation procedures will produce correct translations of view updates.
SUSTAINED-RELEASE TRANSDERMAL GLYCERYL TRINITRATE PATCHES AS A TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON (1995)

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study was conducted to determine the clinical efficacy of and patient tolerance to sustained-release glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) patches in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. The patients studied were those with primary Raynaud's disease (n = 21) and patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (n = 21). GTN patches (0.2 mg/h) were found to be effective in reducing the number (P < 0.05) and severity of Raynaud's attacks (P < 0.05) in both groups of patients. Objective assessments by infrared thermography did not show any significant improvement when the patients were on GTN patches (P > 0.05). Headaches, refractory to treatment, led to the withdrawal of eight patients from the study and occurred in approximately 80% of the remaining patients. Thus, in spite of the subjective efficacy, the frequent headaches will limit the use of GTN patches in Raynaud's phenomenon. Elucidating the mechanism of action of the beneficial and adverse effects of GTN at the molecular level may shed light on the pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon and its treatment.
In Vivo Quantification of Bacterial Keratitis with Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

CT and IT decreased significantly by day 3 in resolving bacterial keratitis. The rapid early phase reduction in IT and CT was followed by rapid late phase IT reduction. This study demonstrates that serial AS-OCT examination can be used to monitor in vivo the clinical course of inflammatory disease.
Molecular mechanism of opioid receptor selection (1986)

Preferred conformations, orientations, and accumulations of 26 opioid peptides on lipid membranes were estimated and compared with pharmacologic and selective binding data taken from the literature. Interaction with mu-receptors was governed by the net positive charge effective at the message domain of the agonist peptides z(eff) as the Boltzmann term ez(eff) that determines relative accumulation on anionic biologic membranes. Selection for delta-receptors was reduced by z(eff) and correlated with e-z(eff). Selection for kappa-receptors was governed by the peptide amphiphilic moment A. A pronounced scalar magnitude A and almost perpendicular orientation of the N-terminal message domain as an alpha-helix were favorable for kappa-site selection. Potencies as kappa-agonists and binding affinities correlated with A X ez(eff). The classical site selectivity caused by the receptor requirements for a complementary fit of the agonist to the discriminator site is thus crucially supplemented by a selection mechanism based on peptide membrane interactions (membrane requirements). In the model presented here, the delta-site is exposed to the aqueous compartment surrounding the target cell at a distance comparable to or greater than the Debye-Hückel length and is in a cationic vicinity. The mu-site is exposed to the anionic fixed-charge compartment of the membrane in aqueous surroundings. The kappa-site is buried in a more hydrophobic membrane compartment close to the fixed-charge compartment. The relative accumulation of the opioid message domains in these compartments is determined by the address domains and constitutes a major part of the site selection mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ICE-Lasso: An enhanced form of Lasso selection (2009)

Lasso selection tends to be inefficient in many circumstances such as selecting spatially large clusters. ICE-Lasso is a novel technique that infers likely target clusters during an ongoing lasso gesture. It provides efficient gesture-based interaction techniques as shortcuts to select partial, complete, and multiple clusters. Additionally, it is overloaded on the traditional lasso via automatic mode switching. A comparative user study show that ICE-Lasso is significantly more efficient than lasso and also well-liked by users.
Acute, Sublethal, Antifeedant, and Synergistic Effects of Monoterpenoid Essential Oil Compounds on the Tobacco Cutworm, <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Lep., Noctuidae) (2001)

Monoterpenoids (terpenes and biogenically related phenols) commonly found in plant essential oils were tested for acute toxicity via topical application to tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura Fab.). The most toxic among 10 such compounds was thymol (LD(50) = 25.4 microg/larva) from garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris. The compounds were then tested for sublethal effects, specifically inhibition of larval growth after topical application of low doses. Among 6 compounds tested, an LD(10) dose reduced growth by 20% on average 3 days after administration. Feeding deterrence was determined using a cabbage leaf disk choice test. The most deterrent compound was thymol, with a DC(50) of 85.6 microg/cm(2) leaf disk area. Because minor constituents in complex essential oils have been suggested to act as synergists, binary mixtures of the compounds were tested for synergy vis à vis acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. trans-Anethole acted synergistically with thymol, citronellal, and alpha-terpineol, in terms of both acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. On the basis of these findings, several complex mixtures were developed and tested as leads for effective control agents. Candidate mixtures demonstrated good synergistic effects. The observed LD(50) of mixture 3 was 40.6 microg/larvae compared to an expected value of 74.6 microg/larvae. The result of this research is a proprietary product suitable for commercial production.
High-speed high-sensitivity low-noise scientific CMOS image sensors (2004)

Image sensors for scientific applications face unusually demanding performance requirements for speed, sensitivity, noise, dynamic range and data throughput. Dynamic proton radiography, for example, requires both extremely high frame rates (multi-MHz) and high dynamic range (~80 dB). Electron microscopy, particle physics, nuclear science and astrophysics applications requires high sensitivity and low noise for single-photon/single charged particle efficiency, often in extremely large (>100 M-pixel) arrays with tremendous sustained throughput (>50 G-pixels/s) and radiation-tolerance. This paper covers recent research results that extend standard CMOS image sensor performance in these areas. Signal to noise ratios as high as 90 dB have been achieved using a new, low-overhead, column-level active reset technique. This image sensor achieves output noise levels of ~45 microvolts, rms, without the use of correlated double sampling. Enhanced sensitivity for single-photon detection has been obtained by using an epitaxial silicon region as a higher cross-section CMOS sensor, with low-capacitance diode or large-area photogate charge collection. This development has made possible the use of standard 0.25 micrometer digital CMOS sensor arrays in place of expensive hybrid high-resistivity silicon sensor focal plane arrays plus CMOS readout circuit combinations. High-speed transient image sensors with frame rates as high as 10 M-frames/s, combined with 13-bit resolution, has been achieved using on-focal-plane frame storage. Fabricated in a standard digital 0.35 micrometer digital CMOS technology, the latter device includes a photodetector, a charge-integrating amplifier and an array of 64 sample circuits per pixel. Finally, a 100+ M-frames/s solid-state "streak camera" prototype is discussed which, in conjunction with the possible use of 3-D packaging techniques, may yield a sensor array capable of acquiring images at rates exceeding 10 T-pixels/s.
Neuroprotection in a 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned Parkinson model using lactoferrin‐modified nanoparticles (2009)

The findings obtained in the present study suggest that Lf-modified NPs could be developed for potential nonviral gene therapy of chronic brain disorders.
The efficacy of a prophylactic knee brace to reduce knee injuries in football (1990)

The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to determine the efficacy of a prophylactic knee brace to reduce the frequency and severity of acute knee injuries in football in an athletic environment in which the athletic shoe, playing surface, athlete-exposure, knee injury history, and brace assignment were either statistically or experimentally controlled. The participants in the study were 1396 cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, who experienced a total of 21,570 athlete-exposures in the 1986 and 1987 fall intramural tackle football seasons. The use of prophylactic knee braces significantly reduced the frequency of knee injuries, both in the total number of subjects injured and in the total number of medial collateral ligament injuries incurred. However, the reduction in the frequency of knee injuries (total and medial collateral ligament) was dependent on player position. Defensive players who wore prophylactic knee braces had statistically fewer knee injuries than players who served as controls. This was not true of offensive players who served as controls; they had statistically no difference in the number of knee injuries from players who wore prophylactic knee braces. The severity of medical collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament knee injuries was not significantly reduced with the use of prophylactic knee braces.
Modern Radar Systems, Second Edition (2008)

This revised and updated edition to the popular Artech House book, Modern Radar Systems, offers complete and current coverage of the subject, including new material on accuracy, resolution, and convolution and correlation. The book features more than 540 illustrations (drawn in Maple V) that offer a greater understanding of various waveforms, and other two- and three-dimensional functions, to help you more accurately analyze radar system performance. The effects of pulse shaping on transmitter stability and spectra are discussed - a topic which is becoming more and more important in the age of electromagnetic compatibility. The book addresses the importance of low attenuation and reflection between the main radio frequency blocks, including the use of oversized waveguides for long runs.
Implementation of the fuzzy ART neural network for fast clustering of radar pulses (2002)

A real time radar signal clustering problem is resolved by a dedicated hardware implementation of the fuzzy ART neural network. This novel architecture implements a reformulated algorithm for high speed clustering. The proposed dedicated digital VLSI system is composed of cascadable integrated circuits, each one containing several neural processors, comparators, a divider and blocks of RAM. This efficient solution was designed and will be implemented in the near future. The basic component requires 74 K gates and occupies an area of 52.5 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. Each chip process an input pattern for 32 neurons every 2 /spl mu/s.
CryptoNote v 2.0 (2013)

Whitepaper on CryptoNote / Monero
Mechanistic Insights Into Gene Regulation By Transcriptional Enhancers using CRISPR Genome Engineering (2015)

Transcriptional regulation is the key mechanism responsible for differential gene expression in the 300+ human cell types during both development and disease. Here I use both genomic and epigenomic tools to characterize the role of cis-regulatory elements in transcriptional regulation. In Chapter 1, I discuss the current epigenome mapping toolkit and utilities of epigenome maps. I focus particularly on mapping of DNA methylation, chromatin modification state and chromatin structures, and emphasize the use of epigenome maps to delineate human gene regulatory sequences and developmental programs. I also provide a perspective on the progress of the epigenomics field and challenges ahead. In Chapter 2, I explore the role of a large cell-type restricted regulatory element, called a super enhancer (SE), in controlling the expression of a master regulatory transcription factor of mouse embryonic stem cells. This SE is occupied by Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and the mediator complex, and physically interacts with the Sox2 locus via DNA looping. Using a simple and highly efficient double-CRISPR genome editing strategy the entire 13-kb SE was deleted and the transcriptional defects in the resulting monoallelic and biallelic deletion clones were characterized with RNA-seq. These results showed that the SE is responsible for over 90% of Sox2 expression, and Sox2 is the only target gene along the chromosome. These results support the functional significance of a SE in maintaining the pluripotency transcription program in mouse ESCs. In Chapter 3, my work continues to dissect the impact of SE deletion on transcription from the Sox2 locus. ChIP-seq and allelic 4C -seq assays are used to understand the impact on RNA polymerase II recruitment, open chromatin, and local interactions at the Sox2 promoter. Second, the functional study of enhancers is expanded to a selection of 100 enhancers and SEs in mouse embryonic stem cells again using a CRISPR deletion strategy. The purpose of this study is to determine which enhancers predicted by chromatin signatures are functional, to identify their target gene(s), and to determine the extent to which each enhancer contributes to the expression of their target gene(s)
Single-Shot Fault-Tolerant Quantum Error Correction (2015)

The goal of achieving quantum computation requires overcoming the limitation of quantum noise. A new approach shows how noisy local information about noise can be used to reliably correct errors for an ensemble of qubits on a lattice.
Numerical investigation into wave transformation around King Island (2014)

Increased global energy demand and the threat of climate change have persuaded governments to focus their resources on finding methods of renewable energy.In recent times ocean waves have been considered the most exploitable and predictable means of renewable energy source.However, before any site can be considered for a wave energy device, the wave characteristics around the area must be studied.This has caused increased investigation into the renewable power availability in the near shore region.This paper presents a numerical study into the wave transformation around King Island, Tasmania using the simulation software package Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN).The research was conducted for three dominate wave directions with the most frequent wave heights and periods based on the bathymetric data from Geoscience Australia and the hydrodynamic conditions from BMT Fluid Mechanics.The numerical results demonstrated the wave transformation patterns in the near shore region around King Island.Diffraction was most noticeable on the eastern side for the three simulated wave directions while wave shoaling and refraction effects occurred along the West coast when the waves were dominantly from the West and South-West directions.By evaluating the obtained wave transformation information from SWAN simulation results, two potential locations where wave energy converters can be installed are identified and discussed.The Southern tip of King Island was observed to be feasible for a point absorber type wave energy device which would allow for the greatest power generation for any given wave height despite the changing direction, while the Eastern side was observed to be suitable for attenuator type wave energy devices in rays to harness wave energy.
Particulate Release From Nanoparticle-Loaded Shape Memory Polymer Foams (2016)

Highly porous, open-celled shape memory polymer (SMP) foams are being developed for a number of vascular occlusion devices. Applications include abdominal aortic and neurovascular aneurysm or peripheral vascular occlusion. A major concern with implanting these high surface area materials in the vasculature is the potential to generate unacceptable particulate burden, in terms of number, size, and composition. This study demonstrates that particulate numbers and sizes in SMP foams are in compliance with limits stated by the most relevant standard and guidance documents. Particulates were quantified in SMP foams as made, postreticulation, and after incorporating nanoparticles intended to increase material toughness and improve radiopacity. When concentrated particulate treatments were administered to fibroblasts, they exhibited high cell viability (100%). These results demonstrate that the SMP foams do not induce an unacceptable level of risk to potential vascular occlusion devices due to particulate generation.
The Fungal Cyp51-Specific Inhibitor VT-1598 Demonstrates <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Activity against Candida auris (2018)

<i>Candida auris</i> is an emerging pathogen associated with significant mortality and often multidrug resistance. VT-1598, a tetrazole-based fungal CYP51-specific inhibitor, was evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> against <i>C. auris</i> Susceptibility testing was performed against 100 clinical isolates of <i>C. auris</i> by broth microdilution. Neutropenic mice were infected intravenously with <i>C. auris</i>, and treatment began 24 h postinoculation with a vehicle control, oral VT-1598 (5, 15, and 50 mg/kg of body weight once daily), oral fluconazole (20 mg/kg once daily), or intraperitoneal caspofungin (10 mg/kg once daily), which continued for 7 days. Fungal burden was assessed in the kidneys and brains on day 8 in the fungal burden arm and on the days the mice succumbed to infection or on day 21 in the survival arm. VT-1598 plasma trough concentrations were also assessed on day 8. VT-1598 demonstrated <i>in vitro</i> activity against <i>C. auris</i>, with a mode MIC of 0.25 μg/ml and MICs ranging from 0.03 to 8 μg/ml. Treatment with VT-1598 resulted in significant and dose-dependent improvements in survival (median survival, 15 and >21 days for VT-1598 at 15 and 50 mg/kg, respectively) and reductions in kidney and brain fungal burden (reductions of 1.88 to 3.61 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g) compared to the control (5 days). The reductions in fungal burden correlated with plasma trough concentrations. Treatment with caspofungin, but not fluconazole, also resulted in significant improvements in survival and reductions in fungal burden compared to those with the control. These results suggest that VT-1598 may be a future option for the treatment of invasive infections caused by <i>C. auris</i>.