gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the role of NaF, APF & Duraphat topical fluoride applications in the prevention of dental caries--a 2 1/2 years study. (1991)

The study was conducted on 1251 6-12-year-old children, to evaluate the effect of topical application of NaF, APF and Duraphat given at six monthly interval assessed after 2.1/2 years revealed the percentage caries reduction with sodium fluoride to be in the range of 20-24 percent on base line teeth and 30-33 percent on teeth erupted during study, showing more effect on newly erupted teeth. In APF group, the caries reduction was 32-37 percent, in the DMFT and DMFS-slightly more on teeth erupted during study than on baseline teeth. The dental caries reduction with Duraphat (NaF varnish) was in the range of 70-75 percent-slightly more on newly erupted teeth. Equally high degree of efficacy was also noted on occlusal surfaces. Duraphat showed the greatest public health potential.
A clinical snapshot of transdermal buprenorphine in pain management (2007)

New and effective analgesics for the treatment of pain are essential. Buprenorphine, a partial mu receptor agonist, offers unique physico‐chemical and pharmacological qualities, making it an attractive first‐choice opioid for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Several delivery formulations are available including parental, sublingual tablet, sublingual solution and transdermal. The parental formulation has been administered intravenously, intramuscularly, epidurally and intrathecally. Transdermal patches allow the drug to be continuously absorbed through the skin and into the systemic circulation. This approach has been shown to have clinical benefit, along with high‐level patient acceptability, compliance and improved quality of life. However, further randomised controlled trials are needed to focus on defining dose requirements in different pain states and the appropriateness and utilisation of adjuvant analgesics when required.
Analysis and synthesis of discrete-time neural networks with multilevel threshold functions (1991)

In contrast to the usual types of neural networks which utilize two states for each neuron, a class of synchronous discrete-time multilevel threshold neural networks is developed. A qualitative analysis and a synthesis procedure of the class of neural networks constitute the principal contributions of this work. The applicability of the class of neural networks is demonstrated by means of a gray-level image processing example in which each neutron of the present model assumes one of 16 values. In doing so, the number of neurons and the number of interconnections are reduced, when compared to the usual binary state networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Statistical Analysis of Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by the KONUS Experiment on Venera 11 and 12 (1991)

We discuss the advantages of using the V/V sub max method to test well-defined samples of gamma-ray bursts for the spatial uniformity of their parent population. We have applied the V/V sub max test to gamma ray bursts of duration longer than 1 second recorded by the Konus experiment aboard Venera 11 and 12. Based on a sample of 123 bursts, we find V/V sub max equals 0.46 plus or minus 0.03, consistent with a uniform distribution in space. We urge that experimenters give careful attention to the detection limit for each recorded gamma ray burst, and that quantitative data for burst properties and detection limits be published.
Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection by Sequence-Based Barcodes Coupled with Nicking Endonuclease-Mediated Pyrosequencing (2012)

The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a well-developed method for replicating a targeted DNA sequence with a high specificity, but multiplex LAMP detection is difficult because LAMP amplicons are very complicated in structure. To allow simultaneous detection of multiple LAMP products, a series of target-specific barcodes were designed and tagged in LAMP amplicons by FIP primers. The targeted barcodes were decoded by pyrosequencing on nicked LAMP amplicons. To enable the nicking reaction to occur just near the barcode regions, the recognition sequence of the nicking endonuclease (NEase) was also introduced into the FIP primer. After the nicking reaction, pyrosequencing started at the nicked 3' end when the added deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) was complementary to the non-nicked strand. To efficiently encode multiple targets, the barcodes were designed with a reporter base and two stuffer bases, so that the decoding of a target-specific barcode only required a single peak in a pyrogram. We have successfully detected the four kinds of pathogens including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Treponema pallidum (TP), which are easily infected in blood, by a 4-plex LAMP in a single tube, indicating that barcoded LAMP coupled with NEase-mediated pyrosequencing is a simple, rapid, and reliable way in multiple target identification.
Agonist-induced internalization of the substance P (NK1) receptor expressed in epithelial cells (1994)

Internalization of the NK1 receptor (NK1R) and substance P was observed in cells transfected with cDNA encoding the rat NK1R by using anti-receptor antibodies and cyanine 3-labelled substance P (cy3-substance P). After incubation at 4 degrees C, NK1R immunoreactivity and cy3-substance P were confined to the plasma membrane. Within 3 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, NK1R immunoreactivity and cy3-substance P were internalized into small intracellular vesicles located beneath the plasma membrane. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled transferrin and cy3-substance P were internalized into the same vesicles, identifying them as early endosomes. After 60 min at 37 degrees C, NK1R immunoreactivity was detected in larger, perinuclear vesicles. Internalization of 125I-labelled substance P was studied by using an acid wash to dissociate cell-surface label from that which has been internalized. Binding reached equilibrium after incubation for 60 min at 4 degrees C with no detectable internalization. After 10 min incubation at 37 degrees C, 83.5 +/- 1.0% of specifically bound counts were internalized. Hyperosmolar sucrose and phenylarsine oxide, which are inhibitors of endocytosis, prevented internalization of 125I-labelled substance P and accumulation of NK1R immunoreactivity into endosomes. Acidotropic agents caused retention of 125I-labelled substance P within the cell and inhibited degradation of the internalized peptide. Continuous incubation of cells with substance P at 37 degrees C reduced 125I-substance P binding at the cell surface. Therefore, substance P and its receptor are internalized into early endosomes within minutes of binding, and internalized substance P is degraded. Internalization depletes NK1Rs from the cell surface and may down-regulate the response of a cell to substance P.
Properties of Titanium Nitride Films for Barrier Metal in Aluminum Ohmic Contact Systems (1991)

Properties of titanium nitride (TiN) films deposited by reactive sputtering and dc magnetron sputtering from composite target are studied. In the as-deposited films, a TiN (200) grain, which is the lowest energy grain and is dominant in bulk TiN, is grown in films from composite target. A resistivity of 44 µΩ-cm is attained. These results show that high quality TiN films can be deposited by dc magnetron sputtering employed TiN composite target. However, a TiN (111) grain is grown in TiN films by the nitridation of Ti. Nitridation of a reactively sputtered TiN film in ammonium is also studied. The TiN films deposited from composite target and formed by the nitridation of titanium show good barrier performance in Al-Si/TiN/Si Ohmic contact.
High-Fidelity Tissue Engineering of Patient-Specific Auricles for Reconstruction of Pediatric Microtia and Other Auricular Deformities (2013)

We have developed high-fidelity, biocompatible, patient-specific tissue-engineered constructs for auricular reconstruction which largely mimic the native auricle both biomechanically and histologically, even after an extended period of implantation. This strategy holds immense potential for durable patient-specific tissue-engineered anatomically proper auricular reconstructions in the future.
Hospitals As Hotels: The Role of Patient Amenities in Hospital Demand (2008)

Amenities such as good food, attentive staff, and pleasant surroundings may play an important role in hospital demand. We use a marketing survey to measure amenities at hospitals in greater Los Angeles and analyze the choice behavior of Medicare pneumonia patients in this market. We find that the mean valuation of amenities is positive and substantial. From the patient perspective, hospital quality therefore embodies amenities as well as clinical quality. We also find that a one-standard-deviation increase in amenities raises a hospital's demand by 38.4% on average, whereas demand is substantially less responsive to clinical quality as measured by pneumonia mortality. These findings imply that hospitals may have an incentive to compete in amenities, with potentially important implications for welfare.
Adsorption of Divalent Cadmium (Cd(II)) from Aqueous Solutions onto Chitosan-Coated Perlite Beads (2006)

Chitosan-coated perlite beads were prepared in the laboratory via the phase inversion of a liquid slurry of chitosan dissolved in oxalic acid and perlite to an alkaline bath for better exposure of amine groups (NH2). The NH2 groups in chitosan are considered active sites for the adsorption of heavy metals. The beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis, which revealed their porous nature. The chitosan content of the beads was 32%, as determined using a thermogravimetric method. The adsorption of Cd2+ from an aqueous solutions on chitosan-coated perlite beads was studied under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the concentration range of 100−5000 ppm. The pH of the solution was varied over a range of 2−8. The adsorption of Cd2+ on chitosan was determined to be pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption capacity of chitosan-coated perlite beads was determined to be 178.6 mg/g of bead at 298 K when the Cd(II) concentration was 5000 mg/L and the pH of the solution was 6.0. On a chitosan basis, the capacity was 558 mg/g of chitosan. The XPS data suggests that cadmium was mainly adsorbed as Cd2+ and was attached to the NH2 group. The adsorption data could be fitted to a two-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The data obtained at various temperatures provided a single characteristic curve when correlated according to a modified Polanyi's potential theory. The heat of adsorption data calculated at various loadings suggests that the adsorption was exothermic in nature. It was noted that a 0.1 N solution of HCl could remove the adsorbed cadmium from the beads, but a bed volume of approximately three times the bed volume of treated solution was required to completely remove Cd(II) from the beads. However, one bed volume of 0.5 M ethylenediamine tetra acetate (EDTA) solution can remove all of the adsorbed cadmium after the bed became saturated with Cd(II) during dynamic study with a solution containing 100 mg/L of cadmium. The diffusion coefficient of Cd(II) onto chitosan-coated beads was calculated from the breakthrough curve, using Rosen's model, and was determined to be 8.0 × 10-13 m2/s.
Totalsynthese optisch aktiver Steroide, I. Mikrobiologische stereospezifische Reduktion von 3‐Methoxy‐8.14‐seco‐1.3.5(10).9‐östratetraen‐14.17‐dion (1967)

Abstract 3‐Methoxy‐8.14‐seco‐1.3.5(10).9‐östratetraen‐14.17‐dion ( 1 ), ein Zwischenprodukt zur Darstellung von racem. Östradiol‐3‐methyläther, wurde mikrobiologisch zum optisch aktiven 14α‐ol‐17‐on ( 3 ) bzw. 17β‐ol‐14‐on ( 6 ) reduziert. Diese Substanzen ermöglichen die Totalsynthese von optisch aktiven Östranderivaten ohne Racemattrennung.
Solid‐phase Synthesis of C‐Terminal Peptide Amino Alcohols (1989)

Abstract The solid‐phase syntheses of enkephalin and somatostatin analogues with C‐terminal OH functions instead of the normal carboxylates are described. The OH function of the N‐terminal amino alcohol was acylated with succinic acid and esterified to the solid support. Normal Boc‐TFA solid‐phase strategy can be applied to build up and cleave these peptides. The succinic ‘handle’ can be removed by mild basic hydrolysis after cleavage.
<title>Magneto-Optical Disk With Reflecting Layers</title> (1983)

The magneto-optical rotation (MOR) of amorphous rare earth-iron thin films with reflecting layers and the characteristics of magneto-optical disc exerciser are described. The MOR of GdTbFe thin films increased from 0.27° to 0.5° by the addition of Cu reflector , and to 0.65° by supplementing an SiO<sub>2</sub> intermediate film upon the Cu reflector. Furthermore in the case of a quadri-layer structure, which consisted of SiO, GdTbDyFe, SiO<sub>2</sub> and Cu layers, the angle of rotation was augmented to 1.75°. The Magneto-optical disc player, making use of the above quadri-layer structure disc, attained a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 40 dB at 2 MHz, thereby proving the applicability of the equipment to digital file memory systems.
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry: Preliminary Studies of Noninvasive Transcutaneous Bilirubin Meter in the Okayama National Hospital (1980)

A new noninvasive bilirubinometer (Tc BM), which measures transcutaneous bilirubin level of the newborn, was developed as a joint effort by the present authors and the Minolta Camera Company, Ltd. A series of linear relationships were found to exist between total serum bilirubin concentration and yellowish skin color intensity in both term and low-birth-weight infants of Japanese ancestry. The instrument was examined for precision, accuracy, and technique-dependence. From these resulting relationships, it can be concluded that the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement is precise and accurate, and will become an alternative to the routine procedures used to measure serum bilirubin concentration in the near future. Although the values obtained during phototherapy or postexchange stage do not correlate well with serum bilirubin measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin will be accepted by the general nursery staffs because of its potential screening value.
High-throughput screening-driven lead discovery: meeting the challenges of finding new therapeutics. (2005)

The pharmaceutical industry faces a number of challenges that have cumulatively led to a decline in productivity, despite increasing levels of investment in research and development. It is in this context that some researchers and business analysts are questioning the value of the high-throughput screening (HTS) paradigm for the discovery of new therapeutics. While this criticism may be premature, significant changes are occurring in HTS-driven lead discovery to address the failure of drug candidates in the clinic. This article highlights some of these changes and their potential impact.
STUDIES ON THE PARTITIONING OF ACTINIDES FROM HIGH LEVEL WASTE USING A MIXTURE OF HDEHP AND CMPO AS EXTRACTANT (2001)

The paper describes the extraction and stripping behavior of actinides and lanthanides viz. americium, plutonium, uranium, cerium, and europium using a mixture of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl- methylphosphine oxide (CMPO) in n-paraffin as extractant. The extractant mixture combines the advantages of both the extractants for the partitioning of actinides from PUREX High Level Waste (HLW) solution. The extraction studies have been carried out from nitric acid medium as well as with simulated uranium-lean PUREX-HLW solution as relevant to Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) fuel reprocessing. The extracted actinides are stripped using a mixture of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), formic acid and hydrazine hydrate, leaving lanthanides in the organic phase. The lanthanides are subsequently stripped using a mixture of DTPA and sodium carbonate. The behavior of cesium, strontium, ruthenium, and zirconium is also studied using this mixed extractant.
Prompt gamma measurements for locating the dose falloff region in the proton therapy (2006)

The location of the distal falloff in the proton therapy is an important but often uncertain parameter as different tissue elements are traversed by the beam. A multilayered collimator system has been constructed as a practical means to locate the dose ends by measuring prompt gammas. The collimator is designed to moderate and capture fast neutrons and to prevent unwanted gammas from reaching the scintillation detector. The system has been studied using Monte Carlo technique and has been tested in the beam energy range of 100–200MeV. Measurements clearly indicated correlations between the gamma distributions and the distal falloff regions.
Cascade Cyclization: Synthesis of (+)-Tuberine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCascade Cyclization: Synthesis of (+)-TuberineDouglass F. Taber, Rama S. Bhamidipati, and Mitchell L. ThomasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 12, 3442–3444Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00091a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00091a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Room temperature copper ULSI metallization by low kinetic-energy particle process (2003)

A room-temperature Cu metallization scheme has been established by a low kinetic-energy particle process, in which epitaxial growth of metal films on Si as well as the formation of ideal metal-silicon contacts without alloying heat cycles has been realized. Cu films deposited on SiO/sub 2/ showed excellent adhesion without an intervening glue layer. Ideal Schottky diode characteristics were obtained. The process is compatible with low-temperature high-throughput one-wafer processing. It is suggested that this process help to establish highly flexible metallization processes for custom VLSI circuit fabrication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Physiology of Membrane Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors (2016)

cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven transmembrane guanylyl cyclases (GCs), GC-A to GC-G, which mainly modulate submembrane cGMP microdomains. These GCs share a unique topology comprising an extracellular domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular COOH-terminal catalytic (cGMP synthesizing) region. GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure/volume and energy balance. GC-B is activated by C-type natriuretic peptide, stimulating endochondral ossification in autocrine way. GC-C mediates the paracrine effects of guanylins on intestinal ion transport and epithelial turnover. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in photoreceptor cells of the retina, and their activation by intracellular Ca(2+)-regulated proteins is essential for vision. Finally, in the rodent system two olfactorial GCs, GC-D and GC-G, are activated by low concentrations of CO2and by peptidergic (guanylins) and nonpeptidergic odorants as well as by coolness, which has implications for social behaviors. In the past years advances in human and mouse genetics as well as the development of sensitive biosensors monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP in living cells have provided novel relevant information about this receptor family. This increased our understanding of the mechanisms of signal transduction, regulation, and (dys)function of the membrane GCs, clarified their relevance for genetic and acquired diseases and, importantly, has revealed novel targets for therapies. The present review aims to illustrate these different features of membrane GCs and the main open questions in this field.
Pleiotropic Roles of Polyglycerolphosphate Synthase of Lipoteichoic Acid in Growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cells (2008)

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is one of two anionic polymers on the surface of the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. LTA is critical for the bacterium-host cell interaction and has recently been shown to be required for cell growth and division. To determine additional biological roles of LTA, we found it necessary to identify permissive conditions for the growth of an LTA-deficient mutant. We found that an LTA-deficient S. aureus Delta ltaS mutant could grow at 30 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. Even at the permissive temperature, Delta ltaS mutant cells had aberrant cell division and separation, decreased autolysis, and reduced levels of peptidoglycan hydrolases. Upshift of Delta ltaS mutant cells to a nonpermissive temperature caused an inability to exclude Sytox green dye. A high-osmolarity growth medium remarkably rescued the colony-forming ability of the Delta ltaS mutant at 37 degrees C, indicating that LTA synthesis is required for growth under low-osmolarity conditions. In addition, the Delta ltaS mutation was found to be synthetically lethal with the Delta tagO mutation, which disrupts the synthesis of the other anionic polymer, wall teichoic acid (WTA), at 30 degrees C, suggesting that LTA and WTA compensate for one another in an essential function.
Discovering Subsumption Relationships for Web-Based Ontologies (2015)

As search engines are becoming smarter at interpreting user queries and providing meaningful responses, they rely on ontologies to understand the meaning of entities. Creating ontologies manually is a laborious process, and resulting ontologies may not reflect the way users think about the world, as many concepts used in queries are noisy, and not easily amenable to formal modeling. There has been considerable effort in generating ontologies from Web text and query streams, which may be more reflective of how users query and write content. In this paper, we describe the LATTE system that automatically generates a subconcept--superconcept hierarchy, which is critical for using ontologies to answer queries. LATTE combines signals based on word-vector representations of concepts and dependency parse trees; however, LATTE derives most of its power from an ontology of attributes extracted from the Web that indicates the aspects of concepts that users find important. LATTE achieves an F1 score of 74%, which is comparable to expert agreement on a similar task. We additionally demonstrate the usefulness of LATTE in detecting high quality concepts from an existing resource of IsA links.