gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Account: An Introduction to Velocity-Map Imaging Mass Spectrometry (VMImMS) (2014)

This account introduces a new variant of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, termed velocity-map imaging mass spectrometry (VMImMS). While the ion abundances recorded in conventional ToF-MS measurements are highly useful for molecular quantification and structure determination, the final parent and fragment ion yields are Largely blind to the dynamics of the processes in which the ions were formed inside the mass spectrometer. By recording the velocity distribution of each ion in tandem with the mass spectrum, not only can the details of the dissociative ionisation dynamics be unravelled, but the extra dimensions of information can be used for enhanced molecular fingerprinting, separating contributions from ions with identical mass-to-charge ratio and resolving components within mixtures, to name but a few examples. Measuring ion-velocity distributions within a mass spectrometry measurement is not new, but incorporating imaging techniques developed within the reaction dynamics community provides vastly improved velocity resolution for all ions simultaneously in a single-stage instrument. This account provides an introduction to VMImMS, outlines the fundamental instrumentation and detector requirements and the challenges associated with developing the method further, and details proof-of-concept work from our Laboratory on a number of potential applications of the technique.
Utilization of Photoinduced Charge-Separated State of Donor–Acceptor-Linked Molecules for Regulation of Cell Membrane Potential and Ion Transport (2012)

The control of ion transport across cell membranes by light is an attractive strategy that allows targeted, fast control of precisely defined events in the biological membrane. Here we report a novel general strategy for the control of membrane potential and ion transport by using charge-separation molecules and light. Delivery of charge-separation molecules to the plasma membrane of PC12 cells by a membranous nanocarrier and subsequent light irradiation led to depolarization of the membrane potential as well as inhibition of the potassium ion flow across the membrane. Photoregulation of the cell membrane potential and ion transport by using charge-separation molecules is highly promising for control of cell functions.
Chemical compounds that target thiol‐disulfide groups on mononuclear phagocytes inhibit immune mediated phagocytosis of red blood cells (2005)

These studies indicate that pharmacologic strategies that target SH groups on mononuclear phagocytes may have future efficacy for the treatment of immune cytopenias.
Hereditäre Drusen der Bratfischen Membran - I. Klinische und lichtmikroskopische Beobachtungen (1982)

The authors describe a family with autosomal-dominant inheritance of hereditary Bruch's membrane drusen. After the death of the proband who was kept under clinical observation with fluorescein-angiographic examination over a period of seven years, the authors obtained the bulbus for histopathologic study. Light microscopic changes in the boundary-line structures of the retina and choroid and the occurrence of an intraretinal membrane in the maculopapillary bunch area are described. This membrane is thought to represent a "predisciform stage" in the development of this hereditary dystrophy.
Detailed Mechanism of Interaction of Bovine β-Trypsin with Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor (Kunitz) (1973)

Abstract The rate of formation of the stable trypsin-inhibitor complex from bovine β-trypsin and either virgin or modified soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) was monitored by following the change in absorbance at 260 nm after mixing of equimolar reactants in a stopped flow apparatus. At low reactant concentrations both reactions are second order both with respect to concentration and to time. As the concentration of reactants is raised both the time and concentration dependence gradually switch to first order. These results coupled with other data suggest that the simplest possible mechanism of interaction is [see PDF for equation] On the assumption that the equilibration to form the loose noncovalent complexes is rapid, values of Kl* = κ-1/κ1 and Kl* = κ4/κ-4 and of the rate constants κ2 and κ-3 were computed from the data. Within the limits of rather large experimental error pKl = pKl* = 4.65 independent of pH in the 4.5 to 8 range. The rate constants κ2 and κ-3 increase with increasing pH in this range and reach plateau values of 140 and 10 per s, respectively, near pH 8. Both rate constants show similar pH dependence with another plateau in the pH 5 to 6 range. The magnitude and pH dependence of these parameters is roughly consistent with Ks values and catalytic rate constants for hydrolysis of excellent amide and peptide substrates. Measurements of the dissociation of the stable complex between pH 1.7 and 3.5 were also made. The dissociation rate constant is very fast near pH 2 (approximately 100 per s) and declines sharply as the pH is raised. Preliminary measurements indicate significant differences in the rate of association of soybean trypsin inhibitor with α- and with β-trypsin as well as in the rate of dissociation of α-trypsin and of β-trypsin complexes.
Nicotine enhances the biosynthesis and secretion of transthyretin from the choroid plexus in rats: implications for beta-amyloid formation. (2000)

Epidemiological studies indicated that cigarette smoking protects against the development of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this is poorly understood. To gain insight into these protective effects, we used differential display PCR (DD-PCR) to amplify RNA from various brain regions of rats self-administering (SA) nicotine compared with yoked-saline controls. We found that the transthyretin (TTR) gene, whose product has been shown to bind to amyloid beta (Abeta) protein and prevent Abeta aggregation, was more abundantly expressed ( approximately 1.5- to 2.0-fold) in the brainstem and hippocampus (areas containing choroid plexus) of nicotine SA rats. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed these DD-PCR findings and demonstrated that nicotine increased TTR mRNA levels in these regions in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significantly higher TTR protein concentrations were also detected in the ventricular CSF of nicotine-treated rats. In contrast, no differences either in plasma TTR or in CSF and plasma retinol-binding protein were detected. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that immunoreactive TTR was 41.5% lower in the choroid plexus of nicotine-treated rats compared with the saline controls. On the basis of these data, we speculate that the protective effects of nicotine on the development of AD may be attributable, in part, to the increased biosynthesis and secretion of TTR from the choroid plexus. These findings also point toward new approaches that may take advantage of the potentially novel therapeutic effects of nicotinic agonists in patients with AD.
Ambipolar ion acceleration in a 20,000 G magnetic nozzle (2013)

Summary form only given. An observed 50 eV argon ion energy is attributed to a measured axial plasma potential profile within the expanding magnetic nozzle region of a 35 kW helicon plasma source. The ion acceleration mechanism is identified as an ambipolar flow caused by expanding plasma that follows the fluid equations using the adiabatic definition of pressure, resulting in a maximum ion energy of several kTe. The helicon plasma source was operated with 50 to 150 mg/s argon propellant, and had a max and min magnetic field strength of 20,000 G. and 2 G respectively. The size scale and spatial location of the plasma potential structure of the expanding magnetic nozzle region appears to follow the size scale and spatial location of the expanding magnetic field along a 450 cm long section of the magnetic nozzle. The thickness of the potential structure was found to be 1e5 Debye lengths, many orders of magnitude larger than typical double layer structures. The background plasma density and neutral argon pressure were 1e9 cm-3 and 1e-5 Torr respectively. A large parameter scan of electron temperature and resulting ambipolar ion acceleration energies is presented.
A 20ns 64K NMOS RAM (1984)

A 32.6mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 4K×16 NMOS SRAM having a 20ns access time and 30ns cycle time will be covered. The SRAM utilizes a 4 transistor dynamic refresh memory cell with 1.7μm features and single level polycide.
Modulation of small G protein isoprenylation by anticancer monoterpenes in in situ mammary gland epithelial cells (1998)

Monoterpenes have been shown to both prevent and treat mammary cancer in animal models and are currently in clinical testing in advanced cancer patients. In this study, we investigated a biochemical modulation associated with the antitumor activity of monoterpenes, the inhibition of protein isoprenylation in monoterpene chemoprevention target tissue, i.e. the in situ mammary gland epithelial cells. We first developed a new methodology that for the first time permitted the study of protein isoprenylation and other products in the mevalonate pathway in in situ mammary cells. Using this approach, we found that chronically feeding rats with an anticancer dose of perillyl alcohol resulted in a 22% inhibition of coenzyme Q synthesis and a 19% inhibition of small G protein isoprenylation in mammary gland epithelial cells in situ. The greatest inhibition of small G protein isoprenylation observed was the 28% inhibition of isoprenylation of RhoA by type I geranylgeranyl protein transferase (GGPTase). Given that some substrates of type I GGPTase, such as RhoA and Rac1, have transforming properties, the possibility that the inhibition of type I GGPTase will change the cellular location and functionality of these proteins and thus contribute to the chemoprevention activity of monoterpenes, is discussed.
The DNA Damage Response: Implications for Tumor Responses to Radiation and Chemotherapy (2014)

Cellular responses to DNA damage are important determinants of both cancer development and cancer outcome following radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Identification of molecular pathways governing DNA damage signaling and DNA repair in response to different types of DNA lesions allows for a better understanding of the effects of radiation and chemotherapy on normal and tumor cells. Although dysregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) is associated with predisposition to cancer development, it can also result in hypersensitivity or resistance of tumors to therapy and can be exploited for improvement of cancer treatment. We highlight the DDR pathways that are activated after treatment with radiation and different classes of chemotherapeutic drugs and describe mechanisms determining tumor sensitivity and resistance to these agents. Further, we discuss approaches to enhance tumor sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy by modulating the DDR with a goal of enhancing the effectiveness of cancer therapies.
Catalytic Nitrate Removal in a Trickle Bed Reactor: Direct Drinking Water Treatment (2017)

Palladium (Pd)‐based catalysts hold promise as an alternative water treatment technology for nitrate (NO 3 ), but practical application requires a flow‐through reactor that efficiently delivers hydrogen (H 2 ) from gas to water. A trickle bed reactor (TBR) packed with a 0.1 percent by weight (wt%) Pd–0.01 wt% In/γ‐Al 2 O 3 (indium and porous aluminum oxide) catalyst was evaluated to address this challenge. Catalytic activity generally increased with H 2 superficial velocity (0.65–29.6 m/h) and liquid (deionized water) superficial velocities from 14.8 to 26.6 m/h before decreasing at 38.5 m/h. This decrease corresponded to a change in flow regime and suggests that optimal TBR performance occurs at the transition from pulse to bubble flow. An optimal TBR activity of 19.5 ± 1.3 mg NO 3 /min‐g Pd was obtained; this is only ~18% of the batch reactor activity as a result of H 2 mass transfer limitations, but three to 15 times greater than activities obtained with previous flow‐through reactors. Catalyst deactivation occurred in the TBR after 41 days of operation, motivating the need for improved fouling mitigation strategies.
An 11-million Transistor Neural Network Execution Engine (1991)

This 11-million transistor, 25MHz neural network execution engine combines digital circuit technology with proven redundancy techniques to produce a chip capable of performing 1.6 billion connections/s. The device measures 26.2x27.5mm and is fabricated in a 0.8µm CMOS process. (Table 1) The processor array is composed of 64 processor nodes (PNs). 16 PN spares are included to maximize yield.1 Single clock execution, large embedded memory,and an optiinized single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) architecture are key to performance.2 This single-chip implementation of the computing power required for neural alogrithms appeals to a broad range of applications.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2000)

These findings indicate that PTSD can develop after severe traumatic brain injury. The predominance of emotional reactivity and the relative absence of traumatic memories in patients with PTSD who suffered impaired consciousness during trauma suggest that traumatic experiences can mediate PTSD at an implicit level.
Some Reactions of 2,5-Norbornadiene (Bicyclo[2.2.1]-2,5-heptadiene)<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Reactions of 2,5-Norbornadiene (Bicyclo[2.2.1]-2,5-heptadiene)1Louis Schmerling, J. P. Luvisi, and Robert W. WelchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 12, 2819–2821Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01593a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01593a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of air gaps on winding loss in high-frequency planar magnetics (2003)

Lumped gaps incur unacceptably high eddy-current loss in small high-frequency magnetic geometries because of their close proximity to the winding. The problem is studied for four simulated inductor structures, using finite-element analysis. It is shown that distribution of the gaps uniformly around the core, which can be realized by using low-permeability magnetic material, reduces the AC-DC resistance ratio of series-connected windings to about two at large conductor width. Measures to reduce the field nonuniformity, such as arranging the series turns in multiple layers so that the winding window has better aspect ratio, further reduce winding loss. Loss reduction due to more uniform field distribution offsets the loss increase due to multilayer arrangement, at least for a small number of turns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(Electro-) mechanical characteristics of electrostatically driven vacuum encapsulated polysilicon resonators (1994)

The design, fabrication and performance of vacuum-encapsulated electrostatically driven polysilicon resonating beams, 210-510 /spl mu/m long, 100 /spl mu/m wide, and 1.5 /spl mu/m thick, are described. The shortest beams have a fundamental frequency of 324 kHz, a gauge factor of 2400 and a quality factor of 600 at cavity pressures of 0.15 mbar. Intrinsic quality factors of 18000 were measured below 0.01 mbar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Managing large scale knowledge bases (2002)

The development of large-scale expert systems (ES) through traditional methods will in most cases present performance problems. The single large knowledge base created with off-the-shelf development tools is not the ideal structure for expert systems based primarily on theoretical knowledge. The research results presented illustrate a segregated knowledge-base structure designed to increase performance in large-scale, highly nonempirical knowledge bases. The case study presented is for a maintenance advisor (MA) for US Navy sonar systems. The goal is to demonstrate the applicability of ES techniques to assist sonar technicians in the isolation of malfunctions to the component level. The candidate MA is selected using the traditional ES implementation guidelines only. The candidate domain area is bounded, static and of sufficient technical challenge to be an asset to sonar maintenance technicians. The methodology for handling the knowledge-base substitution is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ANALOGUES OF HUMAN CALCITONIN (1977)

The influence of positions 11 and 24 on hypocalcaemic potency and duration of action was examined. These positions are respectively occupied by threonine and glutamine in HCT1), but by the basic amino acids lysine and arginine in SCT. Replacement of threonine by lysine trebled the hypocalcaemic potency of HCT and slightly prolonged its duration of action. Substitution of arginine for glutamine reduced the activity to about one tenth. The simultaneous introduction of both basic amino acids yielded an analogue intermediate in activity between those obtained by the single substitutions. The analogue [Bmp1, Val8, Lys11, Arg24]-HCT displayed the same effects as [Lys11]-HCT.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Pub1 Is implicated in Endocytosis of a GPI-Anchored Protein Ecm33 in Fission Yeast (2014)

We previously identified three glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins including Ecm33, as multicopy suppressors of the phenotypes of a mutant allele of cis4(+) that encodes a zinc transporter in fission yeast. Here, we further identified two multicopy suppressor genes, ubi1 (+) and ubc4 (+), encoding ubiquitin-ribosomal fusion protein and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, respectively. In addition, Ubi1 or Ubc4 overexpression failed to suppress the phenotypes of the double deletion of cis4 (+) and pub1 (+) gene, which encodes a HECT-type ubiquitin ligase E3. During exponential phase GFP-Ecm33 localized at the growing cell tips of the cell surface and the medial region in wild-type cells. Notably, during the post-exponential and stationary phase, GFP-Ecm33 in wild-type cells was internalized and mostly localized to the Golgi/endosomes, but it was still stably localized at the cell surface in Δpub1 cells. The Δpub1 cells showed osomoremedial phenotypes to various drugs indicating their defects in cell wall integrity. Altogether, our findings reveal a novel role for Pub1 in endocytosis of Ecm33 and regulation of cell wall integrity in fission yeast.
Improving out-domain PLDA speaker verification using unsupervised inter-dataset variability compensation approach (2015)

Experimental studies have found that when the state-of-the-art probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) speaker verification systems are trained using out-domain data, it significantly affects speaker verification performance due to the mismatch between development data and evaluation data. To overcome this problem we propose a novel unsupervised inter dataset variability (IDV) compensation approach to compensate the dataset mismatch. IDV-compensated PLDA system achieves over 10% relative improvement in EER values over out-domain PLDA system by effectively compensating the mismatch between in-domain and out-domain data.
Performance analysis of an improved selective repeat protocol for high-speed networks (1997)

In this paper, we introduce a new error recovery protocol which minimizes the number of control packets required to achieve reliable communication. The proposed protocol adapts itself to work efficiently during congestion. A complete analysis of the performance of the proposed protocol is presented. The analytical and simulation results of the proposed scheme illustrate high throughput and limited cell delay which can be achieved with a small number of control cells.
Static hand gesture recognition based on HOG characters and support vector machines (2013)

Gesture recognition technology has important significance in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), the gesture recognition technology which is based on visual is sensitive to the impact of the experimental environment lighting, and so, the recognition result will produce a greater change; it makes this technology one of the most challenging topics. HOG feature which is successfully applied to pedestrian detection is operating on the local grid unit of image, so it can maintain a good invariance on geometric and optical deformation. In this paper, we extracted the gradient direction histogram (HOG) features of gestures, then, a Support Vector Machines is used to train these feature vectors, at testing time, a decision is taken using the previously learned SVMs, and compared the same gesture recognition rate in different light conditions. Experimental results show that the HOG feature extraction and multivariate SVM classification methods has a high recognition rate, and the system has a better robustness for the illumination.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing heart valve surgery: randomised controlled trial (2011)

Objective To determine whether remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is cardioprotective in patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Design Single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting Tertiary referral hospital in China. Patients Adult patients (31–72 years) undergoing mitral valve, aortic valve or tricuspid valve surgery. Interventions Patients were randomised to either the RIPC (n=38) or control (n=35) group. After induction of anaesthesia, patients in the RIPC group underwent three 5 min cycles of right upper limb ischaemia, induced by an automated cuff-inflator placed on the upper arm and inflated to 200 mm Hg. Each cycle was interrupted by a 5 min period of reperfusion during which time the cuff was deflated. The control group had only a deflated cuff placed on the upper arm for 30 min. Main outcome measures Serum troponin I concentration was measured before surgery and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. The cardiac function of all patients was followed postoperatively. Results Troponin I concentration was reduced in the RIPC group (398.7±179.3 μg/l) compared with the control group (708.4±242.5 μg/l). Mean difference was 309.7±50.8 (95% CI 210.1 to 409.3, p<0.0001). A greater improvement in postsurgical cardiac function was noted in the RIPC group than in the control group. Conclusions These data indicate that RIPC reduces myocardial injury and improves cardiac function in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. Trial registration number NCT01175681.