gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Sensing of Dicarboxylates in Water by a Bismacrocyclic Dinuclear Eu(III) Conjugate (2007)

The design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel dinuclear Eu(III) bismacrocyclic conjugate 1.Eu2 as a delayed luminescent lanthanide sensor for dicarboxylates is discussed. The sensor was shown to bind small dicarboxylic acids such as aspartic, malonic, succinic, or glutaric acid in pH 6.5 solutions. However, only malonic acid gave rise to selective Eu(III) luminescent enhancements, as the emission was reduced for all of the other acids.
Observation of Liver Pathology after Praziquantel Treatment in Experimental Clonorchis sinensis Infection in Guinea Pigs (1988)

The liver of guinea pigs infected experimentally with Clonorchis sinensis was\ngrossly and histologically examined after treatment with praziquanteL Total 38 male guinea\npigs were infected each with 300-500 metacercariae. Five weeks later praziquantel treatment\nwas done on 28 animals, and repeated if needed. Remaining 10 were used for untreated\ncontrols, while 3 others were for uninfected controls. Liver examinations were done at 1, 2,\n4 and/or 9 weeks following the treatment.\nCompared with uninfected controls, C sinensis-infected guinea pigs grossly revealed remarkably\nenlarged and swollen liver, with yellowish discolorations at surrounding portions of\ninfected sites. Histologically these livers showed cystic hyperplasia of the bile ducts accompanied\nby irregular dilatation, glandular and/or papillary hyperplasia of the lining epithelia as\nwell as periductal fibrosis.\nThe livers of praziquantel-treated animals grossly revealed more of less recovering features\nlater than 2 weeks after the treatment. Histologically, although adenomatous hyperplasia was\nquite subsided, other bile duct changes such as cystic hyperplasia and fibrosis were persistently\nretained in most animals until 9 weeks after the treatment. The results suggest that the\nliver damage induced by C sinensis is persistent for at least a few months after deworming\nwith praziquantel.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF POLYVINYL-FORMAL (IVALON) SPONGE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR TISSUE (1960)

1Plastic Surgery, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 2Section of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Epitaxial growth of crystalline, diamond-like films on Si (100) by laser ablation of graphite (1990)

Pulsed laser evaporation has been used to deposit ultrathin (&lt;1 nm) carbon films on Si (100) in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. Auger spectroscopy studies revealed a layer-by-layer growth up to the fourth layer. Within this coverage range, the electronic structure of the carbon atoms evolves from carbidic to diamond-like. Above two layers the topmost one consists exclusively of carbon atoms as evidenced by low-energy ion scattering experiments. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that the films are crystalline and that the surface lattice is hexagonal.
The proinflammatory cytokine response to coagulation and endotoxin in whole blood (1996)

Acute inflammatory illnesses, including the sepsis syndrome, often include a component of coagulation. A human whole blood culture system was developed so that the relationship between coagulation activation and cytokine responses in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be evaluated. In the absence of LPS stimulation, coagulation activation resulted in a novel pattern of cytokine production. During a 4-hour culture of coagulating blood, significant production of interleukin-8 (IL-8; >2,000 pg/mL) was observed, whereas other proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1 beta, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor a were undetectable or less than 35 pg/mL. The cytokine profile was distinct from that of fully anticoagulated, LPS-stimulated blood, which showed levels of all the indicated proinflammatory cytokines > or = 2,000 pg/mL over the same time period. Over 24 to 48 hours, the coagulation-induced cytokine response was characterized by marked and sustained IL-8 production, limited IL-6 generation (with kinetics delayed relative to IL-8), and minimal or undetectable tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. The magnitude of the whole blood IL-8 response correlated with the level of coagulation activation as determined by measurement of thrombin-antithrombin III complex formation. The combined stimuli of coagulation activation and LPS challenge induced a synergistic enhancement of IL-8 production but not of IL-6. Coagulation-induced cytokine production and the synergistic production of IL-8 by coagulation and LPS could be attenuated by hirudin or tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Studies to elucidate mechanisms implicated (1) the TFPI third Kunitz and carboxy-terminus as important structural components for TFPI regulation of coagulation activation and (2) thrombin as a candidate mediator of the mononuclear cell cytokine response to coagulation activation. In summary, a unique aspect of the crosstalk between the coagulation and cytokine cascades in whole blood is shown with the identification of IL-8 as a key proinflammatory participant.
Direct observation of self-heating in intrinsic Josephson junction array with a nanoelectrode in the middle (2005)

Modifying the double-sided fabrication method we invented a few years ago, a new type of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction (IJJs) array is explored in which, in addition to the indispensable top and bottom electrodes, there is an electrode only 100 nm thick fabricated in the middle of the array. This electrode provides easy access to the inside of the IJJs, enabling us to understand the device physics better than was possible before. As the first application of such a new device, we have clearly shown how “hot” a junction stack can be under various bias conditions.
Enhanced blocking temperature in NiO spin valves: Role of cubic spinel ferrite layer between pinned layer and NiO (2000)

We compare the blocking temperature for simple permalloy (80% Ni)/Au/permalloy/NiO spin valves with and without an interfacial, oxidized Fe layer (Fe layer 12 Å thick) inserted at the permalloy/NiO interface. We find a significantly increased blocking temperature and pinning field for spin valves with the interfacial Fe-oxide layer, as a result of moderate (230 °C/1 h) annealing of the Au/permalloy/Fe-oxide/NiO part of the spin valve. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss microanalysis reveal that the Fe-oxide layer is converted to a cubic spinel ferrite (Ni0.8Fe2.2O4) layer by solid state reaction with the NiO.
On the contribution of anthropogenic Cl to the increase in δ<sup>13</sup>C of atmospheric methane (2002)

A two‐dimensional model is used to evaluate the impact of stratospheric chlorine on δ 13 C of CH 4 at the surface and to analyze sensitivity to different chemical and transport processes. It is found that the impact of Cl depends on the relative strength of the lower and upper branches of the stratospheric circulation, which emphasize regions of differing rates of methane fractionation. It is estimated that the increase in concentrations of Cl associated with human activity has contributed at most 0.54‰ to the 2‰ increase of δ 13 C observed over the past century. It follows that growth in the relative importance of heavier sources of CH 4 (associated, for example, with fossil fuels and biomass burning) has been largely responsible for the trend.
Hot press with flat plate heaters and its application to the fabrication of large varistor slugs (1980)

A hot press was designed and constructed for fabricating large ZnO varistor slugs. The electrical properties of ZnO varistors containing CoO, PbO, and Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ are very dependent on processing temperature. To fabricate varistors with the desired field (E = 42.5 +- 1.5 kV/cm at 5 A/cm/sup 2/), it was necessary to maintain temperature uniformity within +- 3.5/sup 0/C throughout the slug and from run to run. The slugs were fabricated in the form of disks approx. = 75 mm in diameter with a final thickness of approx. = 14 mm. Ceramics have been hot pressed previously using apparatus in which the heat source was in the form of a cylinder surrounding, and coaxial to, the slug. Unless the heat source is long compared with its diameter, such a heating method results in poor temperature uniformity, which is aggravated by poor thermal coupling with the heat source and by large heat losses through the pushrods. In the design described herein, these problems are avoided by using flat plate heaters above and below the slug.
Highly Directional Emission from Photonic Crystal Waveguides of Subwavelength Width (2004)

Recently it has been shown that it is possible to achieve directional emission out of a subwavelength aperture in a periodically corrugated metallic thin film. We report on theoretical and experimental studies of a related phenomenon concerning light emitted from photonic crystal waveguides that are less than a wavelength wide. We find that the termination of the photonic crystal end facets and an appropriate choice of the wavelength are instrumental in achieving very low numerical apertures. Our results hold promise for the combination of photonic crystal waveguides with conventional optical systems such as fibers, waveguides, and freely propagating light beams.
CCK/gastrin-like immunoreactivity in brain and gut, and CCK suppression of feeding in goldfish (1994)

The presence and distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin-like immunoreactive (IR) material were examined in the goldfish brain and gut. In the forebrain, CCK/gastrin-like IR fibers and perikarya were localized to nuclei of predominantly the ventral telencephalon and diencephalon; more dorsal forebrain regions contained only few, thin-beaded, sparsely distributed IR fibers. CCK/gastrin-like IR was specifically detected in the preoptic hypothalamus, including the nucleus entopeduncularis, nucleus preopticus periventricularis, and nucleus preopticus. Of all brain regions examined, the highest concentration of CCK/gastrin-like IR staining was consistently observed in nuclei of the ventroposterior and inferior lobes of the hypothalamus. Within the gut, both nerve fibers and endocrine cells contained CCK/gastrin-like IR. The abundance of CCK/gastrin-like IR material within brain areas known to represent the feeding center of fish, as well as the presence of IR material within the gut, suggests that CCK may influence feeding behavior in fish. When injected either intraperitoneally or into the third brain ventricle into goldfish, sulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8s) suppressed food intake. The nonsulfated form of CCK-8 was not as effective as CCK-8s in suppressing feeding after intraperitoneal injection. No consistent changes were observed in circulating serum growth hormone or gonadotropin levels after either intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of CCK-8s. These studies demonstrate for the first time that CCK-8s is effective in acutely suppressing feeding behavior in fish when administered either peripherally or centrally into the third brain ventricle.
<title>Femtosecond streak tube</title> (1993)

A new magnetic focusing streak tube with a traveling wave deflection electrode has been developed. In the operation, a pulse voltage is applied between the photocathode and the accelerating mesh electrode. The limiting time resolution of approximately 180 fs has been experimentally obtained.
Hybrid Semiconductor–Metal Nanoparticles: From Architecture to Function (2013)

Hybrid nanoparticles combine two or more disparate materials on the same nanosystem and represent a powerful approach for achieving advanced materials with multiple functionalities stemming from the unusual materials combinations. This review focuses on recent advances in the area of semiconductor–metal hybrid nanoparticles. Synthesis approaches offering high degree of control over the number of components, their compositions, shapes, and interfacial characteristics are discussed, including examples of advanced architectures. Progress in hybrid nanoscale inorganic cage structures prepared by a selective edge growth mechanism of the metal onto the semiconductor nanocrystal is also presented. The combined and often synergistic properties of the hybrid nanoparticles are described with emphasis on optical properties, electronic structure, electrical characteristics, and light induced charge separation effects. Progress toward the application of hybrid nanoparticles in photocatalysis is overviewed. We conclude with a summary and point out some challenges for further development and understanding of semiconductor–metal hybrid nanoparticles. This progress shows promise for application of hybrid nanoparticles in photocatalysis, catalysis, optical components, and electronic devices.
Natural T cell immunity against cancer. (2003)

It has long been a matter of debate whether tumors are spontaneously immunogenic in patients. With the availability of sensitive methods, naturally occurring T cells directed against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be frequently detected in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current data on T cell responses to TAAs in various malignancies, including melanoma, colorectal cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer. T cell responses against various antigens, including melanoma differentiation antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, her-2/neu, Wilms' tumor protein, proteinase 3, NY-ESO-1, and surviving, have been reported in a substantial number of patients. In contrast, other TAAs, including most antigens of the MAGE family, do not usually elicit spontaneous T cell responses. A distinction between direct ex vivo T cell responses and in vitro-generated T cell responses is provided because in vitro stimulation results in quantitative and functional changes of T cell responses. The possible role of TAA-specific T cells in immunosurveillance and tumor escape and the implications for immunological treatment strategies are discussed. Naturally occurring T cells against TAAs are a common phenomenon in tumor patients. Understanding the mechanisms and behavior of natural TAA-specific T cells could provide crucial information for rational development of more efficient T cell-directed immunotherapy.
The Effectivity of 1<i>H</i>‐Triazoles and ‐Tetrazoles as Activators in Acid‐Catalyzed Phosphoramidite Alcoholysis (2003)

Abstract The efficiency of 5‐nitro‐1,2,4‐1 H ‐triazole ( 3 ), 5‐(methylthio)‐1 H ‐tetrazole ( 4 ), and 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1 H ‐tetrazole ( 5 ) as activators in phosphoramidite alcoholysis has been studied relative to 1 H ‐tetrazole ( 6 ). Reactions of these azoles with diisopropyl (diisopropylamido)phosphite ( 1a ) were followed in THF, and the rates were found to increase with increasing acidity of the azoles. The Brønsted α value of 0.7 determined for this dependence is in agreement with data published earlier.
Multimodal Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach for Tool Wear Monitoring (2013)

In this paper, a novel multimodal hidden Markov model (HMM)-based approach is proposed for tool wear monitoring (TWM). The proposed approach improves the performance of a pre-existing HMM-based approach named physically segmented HMM with continuous output (PSHMCO) by using multiple PSHMCOs in parallel. In this multimodal approach, each PSHMCO captures and emphasizes on a different tool wear regiment. In this paper, three weighting schemes, namely, bounded hindsight, discounted hindsight, and semi-nonparametric hindsight, are proposed, and two switching strategies named soft and hard switching are introduced to combine the outputs from multiple modes into one. As an illustrative example, the proposed approach is applied to TWM in a computer numerically controlled milling machine. The performance of the multimodal approach with various weighting schemes and switching strategies is reported and compared with PSHMCO.
Influence of Burden Distribution on Temperature Distribution in COREX Melter Gasifier (2013)

The temperature distribution of COREX melter gasifier was studied by using a two-dimensional 1/30 scale thermal dynamic model.A set of operating conditions,such as radial distribution of direct reduction iron(DRI) to lump coal and coke volume ratio,coke charging location,coke charging amount and coke size,were taken into account.The results show that the temperature near the wall region decreases with the decrease of the radial distribution of DRI to lump coal and coke volume ratio.The temperature with central coke charging is higher than that without central coke column.Furthermore,the temperature significantly increases with the increase of central coke charging amount.With the increase of intermediate coke charging amount,the temperature near the wall region decreases while the temperature in the intermediate region increases.The temperature increases with the increase of coke size whether charging central coke or intermediate coke.
End preparation and fusion splicing of an optical fiber array with a CO_2 laser (1979)

Mirror-finished end preparation and low-loss splicing of silica fiber arrays by means of a CO(2) laser are demonstrated. Eight-fiber linear arrays of multimode fibers with 60-microm core diam and 150-microm outer diam were laser scribed and fractured, then butted and spliced with 3.0-W laser power output, 1.0-mm beam-spot diam, and 15-microm/sec fiber array driving speed. Average splice losses for 20x splicings (160 splices) in step- and graded-index fibers were 0.12 db and 0.10 dB, respectively. The air bubbles sometimes observed at the splicing point in fusion splices were avoided by preparing fiber ends with a laser-scribing method.
Protective Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and/ or Nano- selenium on Cisplatin and Ionizing radiation induced liver toxicity in rats (2016)

Cisplatin (CP) and/ or radiation exposures cause oxidative stress, which induced liver toxicity. The present study was undertaken to explore if fish oil (FO) and /or selenium nano particles (SeNPs) can minimize CP-induced hepatotoxicity and other side effects. Rats were either treated with SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) and /or FO (2 mg/Kg) for 12 days before treatment with CP (10 mg/Kg) and/ or exposure to -rays (0.7Gy).The results of the present study revealed that rats treated with CP and /or radiation showed an increase in the level of IL6, renin and the expression of angiotensinogen , xanthine oxidase (XO) and NF-B protein along with a decrease in (Nrf2) protein expression as well as, the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Fish oil and /or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) treatment prior to CP and/ or radiation exposure normalized these parameters. Our findings suggest that FO together with SeNPs could be used as protective supplements against toxicity associated with ionizing radiation and CP due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
ApoE4-associated phospholipid dysregulation contributes to development of Tau hyper-phosphorylation after traumatic brain injury (2017)

The apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype combines with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism(s) is not well-understood. We found that after exposure to repetitive blast-induced TBI, phosphoinositol biphosphate (PIP<sub>2</sub>) levels in hippocampal regions of young ApoE3 mice were elevated and associated with reduction in expression of a PIP<sub>2</sub> degrading enzyme, synaptojanin 1 (synj1). In contrast, hippocampal PIP<sub>2</sub> levels in ApoE4 mice did not increase after blast TBI. Following blast TBI, phospho-Tau (pTau) levels were unchanged in ApoE3 mice, whereas in ApoE4 mice, levels of pTau were significantly increased. To determine the causal relationship between changes in pTau and PIP<sub>2</sub>/synj1 levels after TBI, we tested if down-regulation of synj1 prevented blast-induced Tau hyper-phosphorylation. Knockdown of synj1 decreased pTau levels in vitro, and abolished blast-induced elevation of pTau in vivo. Blast TBI increased glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β activities in ApoE4 mice, and synj1 knockdown inhibited GSK3β phosphorylation of Tau. Together, these data suggest that ApoE proteins regulate brain phospholipid homeostasis in response to TBI and that the ApoE4 isoform is dysfunctional in this process. Down-regulation of synj1 rescues blast-induced phospholipid dysregulation and prevents development of Tau hyper-phosphorylation in ApoE4 carriers.
Photocrosslinking demonstrates proximity of a 34 kDa membrane protein to different portions of preprolactin during translocation through the endoplasmic reticulum (1989)

Photocrosslinking has been used to identify integral proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that are in proximity to nascent preprolactin during in vitro translocation. A photoreactive lysyl derivative was introduced into truncated preprolactin chains comprising 86 or 115 amino acids. Both with the 86mer, containing the reactive group in the signal sequence, and with the 115mer, containing the probe exclusively in the mature portion of the chain, photocrosslinking occurred to an approximately 35 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, the signal sequence receptor (SSR). SSR is identical with a previously isolated abundant and ubiquitous 34 kDa membrane protein that appears to be essential for protein translocation.
Peptoids As Source of Compounds Eliciting Antibacterial Activity (2005)

N-Alkylglycine oligomers (peptoids) constitute a family of non-natural peptidomimetics attractive for the early drug discovery process because of their physicochemical features, easy of adaptation to combinatorial chemistry approaches and their proteolytic stability. Consequently, peptoid libraries have found application for discovering hits against a wide diversity of pharmaceutical targets, among which different examples of antibacterials are found. In the present work, research efforts addressed towards the identification of peptoids as antibacterial agents are discussed.
Spatial-mode control of vertical-cavity lasers with micromirrors fabricated and replicated in semiconductor materials (1999)

Micromirrors were fabricated in gallium phosphide by mass transport to provide spatial-mode control of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). The concave mirrors were used in an external-cavity configuration to provide spatial filtering in the far field. Single-mode cw lasing was demonstrated in 15-microm-diameter VCSEL's with currents as high as 6 times threshold. The fabrication process was extended to micromirrors in gallium arsenide by use of a replication and dry-etch transfer process.