gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistent Activation of GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor/Cl<sup>−</sup> Channels by Astrocyte-Derived GABA in Cultured Embryonic Rat Hippocampal Neurons (2000)

Whole cell patch-clamp recordings using Cl(-)-filled pipettes revealed more negative levels of baseline current and associated current variance in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons co-cultured on a monolayer of astrocytes than those cultured on poly-D-lysine. These effects were mimicked by culturing neurons on poly-D-lysine in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM). The baseline current and variance decreased immediately in all cells after either local perfusion with saline or exposure to bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA at GABA(A) receptor/Cl(-) channels. Baseline current and variance in all cells reached a nadir at approximately 0 mV, the calculated equilibrium potential for Cl(-). Perfusion of ACM rapidly induced a sustained current in neurons, which also reversed polarity at approximately 0 mV. Bicuculline attenuated or eliminated the ACM-induced current at a concentration that completely blocked micromolar GABA-induced current. Quantitative analyses of spontaneously occurring fluctuations superimposed on the ACM-induced current revealed estimated unitary properties of the underlying channel activity similar to those calculated for GABA's activation of GABA(A) receptor/Cl(-) channels. Bicuculline-sensitive synaptic-like transients, which reversed at approximately 0 mV, were also detected in neurons cultured in ACM, and these were immediately eliminated along with the negative baseline current and superimposed current fluctuations by perfusion. Furthermore bicuculline-sensitive synaptic-like transients were rapidly and reversibly triggered when ACM was acutely applied. ACM induced an increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) in cultured embryonic hippocampal neurons that was completely blocked by bicuculline and strychnine. We conclude that astrocytes release diffusible substances, most likely GABA, that persistently activate GABA(A) receptor/Cl(-) channels in co-cultured neurons.
Probing histidine-substrate interactions in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase using asparagine and glutamine replacements (1985)

We have analyzed the interactions of a histidine residue with a substrate using site-directed mutagenesis. Previous studies on tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus have shown that a histidine residue (His-48) makes an interaction with ATP, which is improved on mutating Thr-51----Pro-51. We find on replacing His-48 in wild-type enzyme with either asparagine or glutamine that Asn-48 is equally as good as His-48 but His-48----Gln-48 leads to a far lower activity. The side chain of an asparagine residue may be superimposed on that of a histidine so that the amide-NH2 group of asparagine occupies the same position as the pi-N of histidine, whereas the equivalent -NH2 group of glutamine may be superimposed upon the tau-N. This suggests that it is the pi-N of histidine that hydrogen bonds with ATP and that there is no significant electrostatic interaction between the histidine and ATP. Incorporating the Pro-51 mutation into each of the Asn-48 and Gln-48 mutants gives an improvement in the affinity of the enzyme for ATP, but this improvement is less than that seen with the wild-type enzyme.
Benzomorphan related compounds. IV. The stevens rearrangement of a trimethoxybenzyl‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridinium salt (1975)

Abstract The potassium hydroxide‐induced (Stevens) rearrangement of 1,3,4‐trimethyl‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridinium chloride (I) gives the desired 1,3,4‐trimethyl‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine (III) and the Hofmann elimination product, N ‐methyl‐ N ‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐pentadienamine (II). In the presence of ethereal phenyllithium, the salt I undergoes rearrangement giving the expected tetrahydropyridine III in about 17% yield and four other products, N ‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)methylamine (VI), 1,3,4‐trimethyl‐2‐(6‐methyl‐2,3,4‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine (IV), 1,3,3‐trirnethyl‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐rnethylenepiperidine (V) and 1,3,4‐trimethyl‐4‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine (VII), the latter being the 1,4‐Stevens rearrangement product which cyclizes easily to β‐2′,3′,4′‐trimethoxy‐2,5,9‐trimethyl‐7,8‐benzomorphan (VIII). Their structures have been proved both by analytical and spectral data. A possible route for VIII and its stereochemical aspects are discussed.
Highly Selective Olefin Trimerization Catalysis by a Borane-Activated Titanium Trimethyl Complex (2013)

Reaction of a trimethyl titanium complex, (FI)TiMe3 (FI = phenoxy-imine), with 1 equiv of B(C6F5)3 gives [(FI)TiMe2][MeB(C6F5)3], an effective precatalyst for the selective trimerization of ethylene. Mechanistic studies indicate that catalyst initiation involves generation of an active TiII species by olefin insertion into a Ti–Me bond, followed by β-H elimination and reductive elimination of methane, and that initiation is slow relative to trimerization. (FI)TiMe3/B(C6F5)3 also leads to a competent catalyst for the oligomerization of α-olefins, displaying high selectivity for trimers (>95%), approximately 85% of which are one regioisomer. This catalyst system thus shows promise for selectively converting light α-olefins into transportation fuels and lubricants.
Dynamic resource scheduling of cloud-based automatic test system using reinforcement learning (2017)

Cloud-based auto-test is a promising technology in test field. In cloud-based auto-test, physical test resources are abstracted to logically manageable resource poll. The cloud-based automatic test system has to deal with multiple projects and resource utilizing requests simultaneously. Therefore, how to schedule the test resources dynamically and guarantee the long-term service quality is a key issue. This paper combines the idea of reinforcement learning with dynamic test resource scheduling to maximize the long-term performance of cloud-based automatic test system. A dynamic test resource scheduling model based on Markov decision process is built and a reinforcement learning algorithm based on Metropolis rule is proposed. According to the simulation results, the proposed algorithm shows good performance on 90 test instances. Moreover, the simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in resource scheduling with more projects.
Plasma concentrations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in hyperlipoproteinemia. Relation to cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and other lipoprotein variables. (1991)

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates an important pathway for reverse cholesterol transport. Concentrations of CETP in fasting plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay in two different groups of hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. Plasma CETP concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay correlated closely with cholesterol ester transfer activity in normal plasma (r = 0.86). In the first group of 58 patients, plasma CETP concentrations were significantly increased, as compared with those in 79 normal subjects and in hypercholesterolemic (+26%) and combined hyperlipoproteinemic (+25%) subjects but were not altered in moderately hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Marked elevations in plasma CETP levels were documented in patients with dysbetalipoproteinemia (+68%) and severe chylomicronemia (+85%). Similar results were obtained in a second population of 50 hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. Significant correlations were found between plasma CETP levels and total cholesterol (r = 0.52), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (r = 0.63), and apolipoprotein E concentration (r = 0.40). Correction of the lipoprotein phenotype by dietary means resulted in significant reductions in plasma CETP concentrations in patients with chylomicronemia and dysbetalipoproteinemia. In these subjects, plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased as CETP decreased. These studies indicate that CETP levels increase in association with enhanced peripheral cholesterol transport via low density lipoprotein, beta-VLDL, or chylomicron remnants.
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of hyaluronic acid-binding region and link protein epitopes in brain. (1989)

The 1C6 monoclonal antibody to the hyaluronic acid-binding region weakly stained a 65-kD component in immunoblots of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of brain, and the 8A4 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes two epitopes in the polypeptide portion of link protein, produced strong staining of a 45-kD component present in the brain proteoglycans. These antibodies were utilized to examine the localization of hyaluronic acid-binding region and link protein epitopes in rat cerebellum. Like the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans themselves and hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid-binding region and link protein immunoreactivity changed from a predominantly extracellular to an intracellular (cytoplasmic and intra-axonal) location during the first postnatal month of brain development. The cell types which showed staining of hyaluronic acid-binding region and link protein, such as granule cells and their axons (the parallel fibers), astrocytes, and certain myelinated fibers, were generally the same as those previously found to contain chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. Prominent staining of some cell nuclei was also observed. In agreement with earlier conclusions concerning the localization of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, there was no intracellular staining of Purkinje cells or nerve endings or staining of certain other structures, such as oligodendroglia and synaptic vesicles. The similar localizations and coordinate developmental changes of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid-binding region, and link protein add further support to previous evidence for the unusual cytoplasmic localization of these proteoglycans in mature brain. Our results also suggest that much of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of brain may exist in the form of aggregates with hyaluronic acid.
Homology of pCS1 Plasmid Sequences with Chromosomal DNA in <i>Clavibacter michiganense</i> subsp. <i>sepedonicum</i> : Evidence for the Presence of a Repeated Sequence and Plasmid Integration (1987)

Restriction fragments of pCS1, a 50.6-kilobase (kb) plasmid present in many strains of Clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicum ("Corynebacterium sepedonicum"), have been cloned in an M13mp11 phage vector. Radiolabeled forms of these cloned fragments have been used as Southern hybridization probes for the presence of plasmid sequences in chromosomal DNA of this organism. These studies have shown that all tested strains lacking the covalently closed circular form of pCS1 contain the plasmid in integrated form. In each case the site of integration exists on a single plasmid restriction fragment with a size of 5.1 kb. Southern hybridizations with these probes have also revealed the existence of a major repeated sequence in C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum. Hybridizations of chromosomal DNA with deletion subclones of a 2.9-kb plasmid fragment containing the repeated sequence indicate that the size of the repeated sequence is approximately 1.3 kb. One of the copies of the repeated sequence is on the plasmid fragment containing the site of integration.
Interferon enhancement of the invasive capacity of Ewing sarcoma cells <i>in vitro</i> (1982)

The ability of interferons to reduce cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo is a well-studied phenomenon. To extend such observations, the effect of interferons on the invasiveness in vitro of human malignant cells derived from a Ewing sarcoma was evaluated. Two related parameters were examined: (i) production of type IV (basement membrane) collagenase and (ii) penetration of human amnion basement membrane and collagenous stroma. After 6 days of treatment with crude fibroblast, leukocyte, or lymphoblastoid interferon at 100 units/ml in serum-free medium, type IV collagenase levels increased 2- to 4-fold per cell relative to those of untreated controls. With homogeneous fibroblast and lymphoblastoid interferons, a 2-fold elevation in type IV collagenase was detected after 2 days, with further increases, occasionally dramatic, occurring on the 4th and 6th day of treatment. The ability of Ewing sarcoma cells to invade human amnion connective tissue was measured after 6 days of treatment with various interferons. Relative to the behavior of untreated controls, crude leukocyte interferon, homogeneous lymphoblastoid interferon, and homogeneous fibroblast interferon at 100 units/ml augmented invasiveness 3-, 17- and 22-fold, respectively, when cells were allowed 4 days in which to traverse the amnion. When untreated cells were exposed simultaneously to the amnion and to homogeneous lymphoblastoid or fibroblast interferon, a 4- to 5-fold increase in invasiveness above control levels was observed in 2 days. These data emphasize the complexity of interferon-induced phenomena. In any overview, the effects of interferon on both the tumor cell and the host must be considered.
Microactuated self-assembling of 3D polysilicon structures with reshaping technology (2002)

This abstract proposes and experimentally confirms the automatic self-assembling of 3D polysilicon structures, compatible with both mass production and IC based surface machining. This technique combines an integrated actuation based on the scratch drive actuator (SDA), for the structure raising up, and the reshaping technology to obtain the permanent 3D shapes. Complex 3D structures have been successfully realised and their electrostatic actuation have been obtained. This self-building capability of 3D devices from silicon surface micromachining opens new integration capabilities and new application field for MEMS.
Dynamic [2]Catenanes Based on a Hydrogen Bonding-Mediated Bis-Zinc Porphyrin Foldamer Tweezer:  A Case Study (2007)

This paper describes the self-assembly of a new class of three-component dynamic [2]catenanes, which are driven or stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, coordination, and electrostatic interaction. One of the component molecules 2, consisting of an aromatic oligoamide spacer and two peripheral zinc porphyrin units, was designed to adopt a folded preorganized conformation, which is stabilized by consecutive intramolecular three-centered hydrogen bonds. Component molecule 3 is a linear secondary ammonium bearing two peripheral pyridine units, which was designed to form a 1:1 complex with 24-crown-8 (5). The 1H NMR and UV-vis experiments in CDCl3-CD3CN (4:1 v/v) revealed that, due to the preorganized U-shaped feature, 2 could efficiently bind 3 through the cooperative zinc-pyridine coordination to generate highly stable 1:1 complex 2.3. Adding 5 to the 1:1 solution of 2 and 3 led to the formation of dynamic three-component [2]catenane 2.3.5 as a result of the threading of 3 through 5. 1H NMR studies indicated that in the 1:1:1 solution (3 mM) [2]catenane 2.3.5 was generated in 55% yield at 25 degrees C. The yield was increased with the reduction of the temperature and [2]catenane could be produced quantitatively in a 1:1:2 solution ([2]=3 mM) at -13 degrees C. Replacing 3 with 1,2-bis(4,4'-bipyridinium)ethane (4) in the three-component solution could also give rise to similar dynamic [2]catenane 2.4.5 albeit in slightly lower yield.
Autoconciencia del conflicto cognitivo ante la innovación metodológica en la formación inicial de maestros (1997)

Ante una metodologia centrada en el aprendizaje, el alumnado sufre un cognitivo, provocado por las estructuras mentales de dependencia, sumision y control, creadas por la educacion segun un modelo centrado en la ensenanza (profesor). Los sentimientos del conflicto son inseguridad, dudas de su capacidad, inexperiencia y dependencia del profesor. Al final del curso, el alumnado hace una valoracion positiva de la experiencia del cognitivo, que repercutio en la dinamica de la clase.
Dimensionless performance model for gas-fed pulsed plasma thrusters (1998)

We present a non-dimensional gas-fed pulsed plasma thruster performance model. The analysis uses a circuit element discharge description and a snow-plow mass accumulation model with two non-dimensional parameters for an outer electrode geometry contour and an exponential mass distribution. Implementing a non-dimensional scheme is shown to reduce the number of free parameters in the equations from ten dimensional parameters to five non-dimensional parameters. This simplification allows the nondimensional parameter space to be explored in terms of thrust efficiency and a defined non-dimensional thrust-to-power ratio. An electrode length providing the optimal efficiency of the discharge is determined for each configuration of non-dimensional parameters. The sensitivity of thruster performance to all five non-dimensional parameters is examined and performance scaling trends are discussed.
Correlation of Serotype Specificity and Protein Structure of the Five U.S. Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus (1986)

The relationship between serotype specificity and protein structure was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping and radioimmune precipitation (RIP) of structural and non-structural proteins of the five U.S. serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). The surface proteins, VP2 and VP5, showed the most variation in size among the serotypes. Peptide mapping of the proteins showed that VP2 is unique for each of the U.S. serotypes. The nucleocapsid and non-structural proteins showed a high degree of conservation, whereas the other surface protein, VP5, showed intermediate conservation among the serotypes. Monospecific neutralizing antiserum produced in rabbits against each serotype was used in cross-RIP against cytoplasmic extracts prepared from cells infected with each BTV serotype. There were extensive cross-reactions among those proteins which showed a high degree of structural conservation, whereas VP2 was immunoprecipitated best in the homologous RIP system. Thus, a correlation between serotype specificity and protein structure was shown among the five U.S. serotypes of BTV.
Aromatic Polyamide Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Separations (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic Polyamide Membranes for Reverse Osmosis SeparationsR. McKinney Jr. and J. H. RhodesCite this: Macromolecules 1971, 4, 5, 633–637Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60023a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60023a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views605Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeted deletion in astrocyte intermediate filament (Gfap) alters neuronal physiology. (1996)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a member of the family of intermediate filament structural proteins and is found predominantly in astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). To assess the function of GFAP, we created GFAP-null mice using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. The GFAP-null mice have normal development and fertility, and show no gross alterations in behavior or CNS morphology. Astrocytes are present in the CNS of the mutant mice, but contain a severely reduced number of intermediate filaments. Since astrocyte processes contact synapses and may modulate synaptic function, we examined whether the GFAP-null mice were altered in long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The GFAP-null mice displayed enhanced long-term potentiation of both population spike amplitude and excitatory post-synaptic potential slope compared to control mice. These data suggest that GFAP is important for astrocyte-neuronal interactions, and that astrocyte processes play a vital role in modulating synaptic efficacy in the CNS. These mice therefore represent a direct demonstration that a primary defect in astrocytes influences neuronal physiology.
Diagnostics of in-cylinder flow, mixing and combustion in gasoline engines (2000)

In a premixed leanburn engine employing an in-cylinder rotating flow, tumble, the influence of the in-cylinder flow field structure on combustion was investigated with a two-dimensional PTV, a three-dimensional PTV and the analysis of continuous and cycle-to-cycle UV flame images. As a result, optimum combustion control was achieved by controlling the generation of turbulence. In a gasoline direct injection engine adopting a wide spacing layout, the characteristics of mixture preparation were investigated by visualizing a fuel spray with laser shadowgraphy and LIF, and deriving the mixture strength at the spark plug from spectrum analysis of spark discharge emission. Also, the combustion characteristics were investigated by analysing flame emission spectra continuously, and imaging UV luminescence and thermal radiation of flame emission simultaneously. Consequently, it was clarified that combustion control is achieved by controlling air-fuel mixing.
The possible relationship between hepatomegaly and release of HGF into plasma induced by clofibrate in rats (1999)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a newly discovered multifunctional growth factor, and the most potent mitogen known for hepatocyte[1]. It has been shown that recombinant human HGF can protect animal liver against the damaging action of carbon tetrachloride[2]. However, the generation of HGF is also associated with certain liver diseases and several extra-hepatic diseases[3-5]. For example, after partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride poisoning, HGF level in rat plasma increases markedly[3,4]. Therefore, it is believed that HGF plays an important role in the restoration and regeneration of liver after injury.

As hypolipidemic drugs, such as clofibrate, may cause experimental hepatomegaly, proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes and hepatic carcinoma, they are taken as a unique class of carcinogens[6-8]. How the HGF level changes after liver damage due to clofibrate or the like has not been reported. This study was designed for examination of the relation between hepatomegaly and the changes of plasma HGF levels in rats caused by clofibrate.