gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Persistent Colitis by a Human Commensal, Enterotoxigenic<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>, in Wild-Type C57BL/6 Mice (2009)

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) causes diarrhea and is implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. The only known ETBF virulence factor is the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), which induces E-cadherin cleavage, interleukin-8 secretion, and epithelial cell proliferation. A murine model for ETBF has not been characterized. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J or germfree 129S6/SvEv mice were orally inoculated with wild-type ETBF (WT-ETBF) strains, a nontoxigenic WT strain of B. fragilis (WT-NTBF), WT-NTBF overexpressing bft (rETBF), or WT-NTBF overexpressing a biologically inactive mutated bft (rNTBF). In SPF and germfree mice, ETBF caused colitis but was lethal only in germfree mice. Colonic histopathology demonstrated mucosal thickening with inflammatory cell infiltration, crypt abscesses, and epithelial cell exfoliation, erosion, and ulceration. SPF mice colonized with rETBF mimicked WT-ETBF, whereas rNTBF caused no histopathology. Intestinal epithelial E-cadherin was rapidly cleaved in vivo in WT-ETBF-colonized mice and in vitro in intestinal tissues cultured with purified BFT. ETBF mice colonized for 16 months exhibited persistent colitis. BFT did not directly induce lymphocyte proliferation, dendritic cell stimulation, or Toll-like receptor activation. In conclusion, WT-ETBF induced acute then persistent colitis in SPF mice and rapidly lethal colitis in WT germfree mice. Our data support the hypothesis that chronic colonization with the human commensal ETBF can induce persistent, subclinical colitis in humans.
Possible role for adenosine in local regulation of absorptive hyperemia in rat intestine. (1986)

To test whether extracellular adenosine participates in the local regulation of intestinal blood flow during nutrient absorption, the serosa of the jejunum was continuously suffused with adenosine deaminase (7 micrograms protein/ml) or theophylline (10(-4) M) in Ringer's solution. Using video microscopy, blood flow was calculated in submucosal arterioles from diameter and red cell velocity measurements. After a steady-state baseline, oleic acid (20 mM) + glucose (56 mM) were added to a bile salt solution suffusing the mucosa. Baseline arteriolar diameters and blood flows were 52 +/- 2 micron and 20 +/- 2 nl/sec with the serosal suffusate containing Ringer's; these values were not significantly altered by theophylline or deaminase treatment. During suffusion of the mucosa with a nutrient solution, diameter and blood flow transiently increased and these responses were not altered by deaminase or theophylline. Thereafter, diameter and blood flow stabilized at lower values for the duration of absorption. Diameter and blood flow were increased to 111 +/- 1% and 134 +/- 5% of control during absorption with Ringer's; the corresponding values were significantly lower with deaminase or theophylline. After absorption, diameter and blood flow stabilized near baseline with Ringer's within 7-12 minutes; the corresponding values were significantly lower with deaminase or theophylline for at least 30 minutes. Since deaminase and theophylline produced similar effects on absorptive hyperemia, adenosine might participate with other factors in the local regulation of that response. Adenosine applied to the serosa caused dose-dependent increases in calculated blood flow with a threshold near 10(-5) M and a maximum near 10(-3) M. In contrast, even 10(-2) M adenosine in the mucosal suffusate did not increase blood flow above baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stable Accumulation of Aspergillus niger Phytase in Transgenic Tobacco Leaves (1995)

Phytase from Aspergillus niger increases the availability of phosphorus from feed for monogastric animals by releasing phosphate from the substrate phytic acid. A phytase cDNA was constitutively expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. Secretion of the protein to the extracellular fluid was established by use of the signal sequence from the tobacco pathogen-related protein S. The specific phytase activity in isolated extracellular fluid was found to be approximately 90-fold higher than in total leaf extract, showing that the enzyme was secreted. This was confirmed by use of immunolocalization. Despite differences in glycosylation, specific activities of tobacco and Aspergillus phytase were identical. Phytase was found to be biologically active and to accumulate in leaves up to 14.4% of total soluble protein during plant maturation. Comparison of phytase accumulation and relative mRNA levels showed that phytase stably accumulated in transgenic leaves during plant growth.
Assessing the Accuracy of Applying Photogrammetry to Take Geometric Measurements on Building Products (2010)

The present research describes the fundamental working mechanism of photogrammetry and characterizes the errors of the photogrammetry-derived geometric measurements on building products in a systematic, practical, and statistically significant way. A site engineer simply takes snapshots of a building product with a digital camera from different angles. Back in office, the engineer derives as-built measurements through postprocessing those photos by use of photogrammetry software. The twelve objects sampled in our experiments were building products and building facilities found on the campus of Hong Kong Polytechnic University, yielding 79 paired geometric measurements (length, width, and height) by photogrammetry and by measurement tape, respectively. The biases and limitations of analyzing the agreement between two sets of measurements by regression and correlation coefficient techniques were first revealed. Then, the “95% limits of agreement” method was applied on the sample data and the confidence intervals were established for the limits of agreement derived, so as to ensure validity and statistical significance of the results. In short, the main contribution of this research lies in formalizing a statistically significant, quantitatively reliable technique to assess the accuracy of applying photogrammetry in particular applications of construction engineering. Through weighing the accuracy level achievable by photogrammetry against the accuracy level desirable in a particular application, the engineer makes the final decision on the applicability of the photogrammetry-based approach.
Thiamine Derivatives of Disulfide Type. XI. Oxidation of Dipropyl Disulfide with Hydrogen Peroxide and Properties of the Products (1971)

Investigation was made on the oxidation of dipropyl disulfide with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid, as a basis for kinetic studies in the synthesis of thiamine propyl disulfide (TPD). Separation and detection methods of the oxidation products by thin-layer chromatography were established. Among these products, thiolsulfinate (PrSSOPr), thiolsulfonate (PrSSO2Pr), sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid were identified. The stability, solubility, IR and UV-spectrum of PrSSOPr and PrSSO2Pr, which react with thiamine to produce TPD, were examined.
Rhodopsin kinase: Expression in mammalian cells and a two-step purification (2000)

A suitable system for expression of the rhodopsin kinase (RK) gene and its mutants is needed for structure-function studies of RK. Previously, investigation of the baculovirus system showed satisfactory production of RK, but posttranslational isoprenylation was deficient. We now report on a comparative study of expression of the RK gene in yeast (Pichia pastoris), COS-1 cells and in an HEK293 stable cell line. Expression in COS-1 cells, by using pCMV5 vector, is the most satisfactory. A two-step procedure for purification of the expressed enzyme with an N-terminal histidine tag has been developed. The purified enzyme has correct posttranslational modifications and shows a somewhat broader pH vs. catalytic activity profile than the wild-type enzyme.
Photonic Crystals from Ordered Mesoporous Thin‐Film Functional Building Blocks (2007)

Abstract Environment‐sensitive Bragg reflectors are built using functional mesoporous thin films as building blocks. Tuning of optical properties is achieved by changing the composition or porosity of the slabs or the introduction of planar defects. Sorption or capillary condensation of molecules into the pore system results in a 10–40 nm photonic bandgap (PBG) shift. Organic functions added to the pore surface change the response, permitting tailoring of the selectivity towards small‐size molecules.
Increased DNA-Glycation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: The Effect of Thiamine and Pyridoxine Therapy (2012)

This study shows that the combined administration of vitamins B(1) and B(6) to diabetic nephropathy patients causes a decrease in DNA glycation in leukocytes. Importantly the administration of vitamin B(6) alone did not have such an effect. To our knowledge, these are the first reported findings related to glycation of leukocyte nuclear DNA in diabetic nephropathy.
Design and Analysis of A Class-E Frequency-Controlled Transcutaneous Energy Transfer System (2006)

This article introduces a frequency-controlled transcutaneous energy transfer system as well as a particular circuit structure for it. The analysis method, design and realization of this system are studied and its performance evaluation based on the simulations and experimental results of a prototype circuit is carried out. The simplicity of the required hardware as well as the high performance and reliability are among the attractive features of the proposed system.
Expression of a cDNA encoding a Toxoplasma gondii protein belonging to the heat-shock 90 family and analysis of its antigenicity (2000)

A cDNA clone (Tgzy85d11.r1) obtained from the Toxoplasma Expressed Sequence Tag project was chosen due to its homology with proteins of the heat shock 90 family. The cDNA encodes 137 amino acids of the C-terminal portion of the Toxoplasma Hsp90 protein (TgHsp90). Serum samples obtained from orally infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed reactivity against a recombinant TgHsp90 (rTgHsp90) after 8 weeks postinfection. Isotype analysis showed an anti-rTgHsp90 IgG2a/IgG3 response in infected BALB/c and anti-rTgHsp90 IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b response in infected C57BL/6 mice. Serum samples from individuals chronically and putative acutely infected with T. gondii showed a similar anti-rTgHsp90 IgG response. Our work identifies TgHsp90 as a novel parasite antigen that seems to elicit a higher relation of anti-TgHsp90/anti-T. gondii IgGs during chronic infection in comparison with the acute stage.
Cerebellar Soluble Lectin Is Responsible for Cell Adhesion and Participates in Myelin Compaction in Cultured Rat Oligodendrocytes (1988)

Cultures of rat oligodendrocytes were used to test the possible role of the cerebellar soluble lectin (CSL) in myelin formation. Immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level showed that the lectin is present in the cytoplasm of the perikaryon of cultured oligodendrocytes and also on the plasma membrane of the cell body and processes. It is present in compact myelin and in the zones of contacts between different myelin sheaths or oligodendrocyte membranes. Staining of blots of the cultures with iodinated CSL indicated that endogenous glycoprotein ligands for CSL are present in the culture, rendering probable the hypothesis that cell contacts between different oligodendrocytes or between adjacent lamellae in myelin are mediated by lectin-glycoprotein interactions. This hypothesis was demonstrated by two effects of anti-CSL Fab fragments (4 micrograms/ml) on oligodendrocyte cultures: (1) the almost complete detachment of the cell layer from the culture substratum, and (2) the loss of myelin compaction by a separation of lamellae at the intraperiod line. The present findings could explain the complexity of the contacts between cultured oligodendrocyte processes by the formation of CSL bridges between glycoproteins of the membranes of these cells. CSL seems to be a key molecule in adhesion both for intercellular contacts and fixation of cells to the substratum. The small number of glycoprotein subunits found in oligodendrocytes that interact with CSL suggests that CSL-mediated cell adhesion involves a special class of glycoprotein glycans.
Goal‐based business process models: creation and evaluation (1997)

The way in which business process models are typically deployed emphasizes their use in a high‐level design or the capture of an existing process. At these stages evaluation of the model takes place only in informal and rudimentary ways. The real evaluation effort begins only with the output of the design process, e.g. an implementation of information technology (IT) support system. Explores the benefits and feasibility of evaluating a process model at an early stage of its creation. Anticipates two advantages. First, errors or invalid design concepts are detected earlier with consequent savings in cost. Second, non‐IT‐relevant aspects can come to light at an appropriate stage. Looks first, at the value of modelling goals. Second, presents in outline a design method for modelling business processes in which the concept of the goal is fundamental. Third, looks beyond the current scope of this method to the issue of evaluating the process designs. Concludes that business process models can be evaluated at the design stage, but the knowledge gained is only partial. Summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the approach and describes some open questions.
Hybrid electro-optical multivibrator operating by finite feedback delay (1982)

A new type of hybrid electro-optical multivibrator is investigated. The operation principle is based on the finite delay time of the feedback circuit and the nonlinear characteristic of the light modulator. The system is analysed by a diagram technique and realised experimentally by using an integrated interferometer modulator.
Fluorine distributions in a chemical vapor deposited tungsten silicide/polycrystalline silicon composite gate structure (1987)

A tungsten silicide/polycrystalline silicon composite gate structure has been fabricated in which tungsten silicide layers on polycrystalline silicon have been deposited by the low-temperature chemical vapor deposition method (at 360 °C) using a WF6/SiH4 gas mixture. The fluorine distributions in this structure have been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. In samples with as-deposited tungsten silicide, it has been confirmed clearly that almost all of the fluorine resides in the silicide layer. After high-temperature annealing (above 950 °C), however, fluorine is found to diffuse easily into the gate SiO2 through the polycrystalline silicon, that is, the gate oxide has been changed into the fluorine-doped oxide.
Depression, Delusions, and Drug Response (1975)

Depressed patients with delusions were found to be markedly unresponsive to tricyclic drug therapy during an ongoing study of depressed patients. After four weeks of administration of imipramine hydrochloride, only 3 of 13 delusional depressed patients had responded to the drug, but 14 of 21 nondelusional depressed patients had responded. The authors conclude on the basis of these data and those of other researchers that delusional depressed patients should not be treated with tricyclic antidepressants and that current research with depressed patients should be reevaluated in the light of this finding.
Toxicity of p-Aminobenzoic Acid (1942)

1. In mice, rats, and dogs, the acute toxicity of p-aminobenzoic acid by mouth has been determined. The drug is more toxic to mice and dogs than to rats. By intravenous injection the sodium salt of p-aminobenzoic acid is more toxic to rats than to mice. 2. Oral doses of p-aminobenzoic acid greater than 1.0 g per kg to dogs may cause death accompanied by acute gastro-enteritis and hemorrhages into the small intestine. Acute necrosis of the liver may result from doses of 2.0 g per kg or larger. 3. Rats tolerate daily doses of 1.4 g per kg by mouth for about a month without inhibition of growth or pathological changes.
Reactions to Alcohol in Sons of Alcoholics and Controls (1988)

This paper synthesizes some major findings coming from our laboratory over the last decade. The data focuses on our search for mechanisms that might contribute to the elevated risk for alcoholism in sons of alcoholic fathers. Consistent results corroborated by several additional groups indicate that the higher risk sons of alcoholics demonstrate less intense reactions to ethanol as measured by their subjective self-reports, measures of body sway, changes in several hormones after drinking, and the intensity or persistence of ethanol-related changes on two electrophysiological measures. The potential implications of these results as they might relate to an enhanced vulnerability to alcoholism, and some possible future research directions, are discussed.
Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkenylazaarenes with Ketones (2012)

Catalytic enantioselective methods for the preparation of chiral azaarene-containing compounds are of high value. By combining the utility of copper hydride catalysis with the ability of C═N-containing azaarenes to activate adjacent alkenes toward nucleophilic additions, the enantioselective reductive coupling of alkenylazaarenes with ketones has been developed. The process is tolerant of a wide variety of azaarenes and ketones, and provides aromatic heterocycles bearing tertiary-alcohol-containing side chains with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselection.
Developments in spouted bed technology (1974)

Abstract The spouted bed, though originally developed for drying of coarse granular solids, has, over the last decade, proved to be of interest for carrying out a remarkably wide variety of operations. These include not only other diffusional and/or thermal operations such as heating or cooling of solids, drying of solutions and suspensions onto inert bed particles, particle coating, and granulation, but also certain mechanical functions like solids blending, comminution and aerosol collection from a gas stream. The use of spouted bed reactors for several chemical processes — coal carbonization, shale pyrolysis, ore roasting, cement clinker production, and thermal cracking of petroleum — has also received attention. This paper presents a review of the above developments, supplemented in a few cases by recent results of research being carried out at the University of British Columbia. The particular features of a spouted bed which play the key role in each type of application are identified, some new applications are suggested and consideration given to the future industrial potential of individual processes.
Effect of base modifications on structure, thermodynamic stability, and gene silencing activity of short interfering RNA (2007)

A series of nucleobase-modified siRNA duplexes containing "rare" nucleosides, 2-thiouridine (s(2)U), pseudouridine (Psi), and dihydrouridine (D), were evaluated for their thermodynamic stability and gene silencing activity. The duplexes with modified units at terminal positions exhibited similar stability as the nonmodified reference. Introduction of the s(2)U or Psi units into the central part of the antisense strand resulted in duplexes with higher melting temperatures (Tm). In contrary, D unit similarly like wobble base pair led to the less stable duplexes (DeltaTm 3.9 and 6.6 degrees C, respectively). Gene-silencing activity of siRNA duplexes directed toward enhanced green fluorescent protein or beta-site APP cleaving enzyme was tested in a dual fluorescence assay. The duplexes with s(2)U and Psi units at their 3'-ends and with a D unit at their 5'-ends (with respect to the guide strands) were the most potent gene expression inhibitors. Duplexes with s(2)U and Psi units at their 5'-ends were by 50% less active than the nonmodified counterpart. Those containing a D unit or wobble base pair in the central domain had the lowest Tm, disturbed the A-type helical structure, and had more than three times lower activity than their nonmodified congener. Activity of siRNA containing the wobble base pair could be rescued by placing the thio-nucleoside at the position 3'-adjacent to the mutation site. Thermally stable siRNA molecules containing several s(2)U units in the antisense strand were biologically as potent as their native counterparts. The present results provide a new chemical tool for modulation of siRNA gene-silencing activity.
Neuroptera of the Amazon BasinPart 6. Mantispidae (1982)

Abstract The 27 species of Mantispidae known from the Amazon Basin are described, keys are presented to their identification, and distributions recorded. Seven new species are recorded for the first time: Plega beardi, Plega duckei, Plega paraense, Trichoscelia anae, Climaciella amapaensis, Mantispa ariasi, and Mantispa parvula. Twenty names are synonomized: Anisoptera romani Esben-Petersen = Anchieta bella Westwood; Anchieta nobilis Navás = Anchieta fumosella (Westwood); Mantispa cognatella Westwood = Plega hagenella (Westwood); Anisoptera amoenula Gerstaecker = Trichoscelia egella Westwood; Mantista (Trichoscelia) basella Westwood = Trichoscelia iridella Westwood; Anisoptera jocosa Gerstaecker and Symphrasis thaumasta Navás = Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan; Nobrega tinctus Navás = Climaciella semihyalina (Serville); Entanoneura chopardi Navás and Entanoneura jocosa Navás = Mantispa batesella Westwood; Mantispa trilineata Navás and Matispa gounellei Navás = Mantispa gracilis Erichson: Mantispa viridis Stitz, Mantispa pallescens Navás, Mantispilla flavescens Navás. Mantispilla trichostigma Navás, Mantispa viridula Erichson, Mantispa flaveola, and Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille = Mantispa minuta (Fabricius); nd Mantispa debilis Gerstaecker = Mantispa compellens Walker. Lectotypes are designated for five species: Anchieta nobilis Navás, Trichoscelia partheniella Westwood. Trichoscelia iridella Westwood. Mantispa myrapetrella Westwood, and Mantispa moulti Navás.
Fluorous soluble polymer catalysts for the fluorous biphase hydroformylation of olefins (2000)

Fluorous soluble polymer ligands have been prepared and shown to be active and selective catalysts when combined with rhodium for the fluorous biphase hydroformylation of various olefins.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of a mouse model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy reveals severe muscular atrophy restricted to fast glycolytic fibres (2010)

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disorder characterized by ptosis, dysphagia and proximal limb weakness. Autosomal-dominant OPMD is caused by a short (GCG)(8-13) expansions within the first exon of the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 gene (PABPN1), leading to an expanded polyalanine tract in the mutated protein. Expanded PABPN1 forms insoluble aggregates in the nuclei of skeletal muscle fibres. In order to gain insight into the different physiological processes affected in OPMD muscles, we have used a transgenic mouse model of OPMD (A17.1) and performed transcriptomic studies combined with a detailed phenotypic characterization of this model at three time points. The transcriptomic analysis revealed a massive gene deregulation in the A17.1 mice, among which we identified a significant deregulation of pathways associated with muscle atrophy. Using a mathematical model for progression, we have identified that one-third of the progressive genes were also associated with muscle atrophy. Functional and histological analysis of the skeletal muscle of this mouse model confirmed a severe and progressive muscular atrophy associated with a reduction in muscle strength. Moreover, muscle atrophy in the A17.1 mice was restricted to fast glycolytic fibres, containing a large number of intranuclear inclusions (INIs). The soleus muscle and, in particular, oxidative fibres were spared, even though they contained INIs albeit to a lesser degree. These results demonstrate a fibre-type specificity of muscle atrophy in this OPMD model. This study improves our understanding of the biological pathways modified in OPMD to identify potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.