gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid structured turbo code of CBRM in conjunction with XOR coded parity compression (2012)

This paper presents a hybrid structured turbo code, which is composed by circular buffer rate matching (CBRM) and XOR coded parity compression (XCPC). A primary focus is on an ambiguity problem caused by punctured bits in CBRM. The CBRM is a straightforward approach to control coding rate to desired one with sacrificing deficiency of parity bits. In order to remedy the deficiency/ambiguity problem, we propose an iterative decoding algorithm with the aid of the XCPC. Furthermore, in order to ameliorate convergence property of iterative decoding for the hybrid structured turbo code, we propose a novel XOR rate control technique. We will demonstrate that the proposed hybrid structure with XOR rate control is capable of improving bit error rate (BER) performances.
The Analysis of Emotion Recognition from GSR Based on PSO (2010)

A method for recognizing the emotion states of subjects based on 30 features extracted from their Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signals was proposed. GSR signals were acquired by means of experiments attended by those subjects. Next the data was normalized with the calm signal of the same subject after being de-noised. Then the normalized data were extracted features before the step of feature selection. Immune Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (IH-PSO) was proposed to select the feature subsets of different emotions. Classifier for feature selection was evaluated on the correct recognition as well as number of the selected features. At last, this paper verified the effectiveness of the feature subsets selected with another new data. All performed in this paper illustrate that IH-PSO can achieve much effective results, and further more, demonstrate that there is significant emotion information in GSR signal.
Graph visualization tool for Twittersphere users based on a high-scalable extract, transform and load system (2011)

Microblogging is a service emerged from Web 2.0 that allows to publish posts of limited length, generally less than 200 characters in a user profile Web page. Most of these services, like Twitter1, Jaiku2 or Tumblr3 provide the option to subscribe to other users, thereby, each post is sent immediately to those who have chosen the option of receiving them. Twitter is the most widely used microblogging system. In it, users publish updates and interact with other members by forwarding updates or quoting users in their posts by mentions or replies.
An Introductory Guide to Flow Measurement (1992)

Part 1 Introduction: accuracy flowmeter systems flow in pipes effect on flowmeters essential equations of flow fluid parameters multiphase flows. Part 2 Calibration: datum conditions steady flow calibration rigs for liquids calibration rigs for gases master meters site calibrations general comments. Part 3 Selection: considerations in selecting a flowmeter nature of the fluid to be metered flowmeter constraints environment special effects price choosing. Part 4 Momentum flowmeters: orifice plate meter Venturi meter special orifice plates and flow nozzles critical nozzle (sonic nozzle) other differential pressure devices target meter (drag plate) variable area, Rotameter (R) or float-in-tube meter momentum-sensing flowmeters - general comments. Part 5 Volumetric flowmeters: positive displacement meters turbine meters oscillatory meters electromagnetic meters ultrasonic meters. Part 6 Mass flowmeters: introduction thermal mass flow measurement angular momentum fuel flowmeter Coriolis flowmeters. Part 7 Probes and tracers: probes averaging pitot tracers conclusions. Part 8 Recent developments and likely future trends in flow measurement: instruments meters for multiphase flow developing technologies manufacture and management conclusions.
Systemic Migration and Establishment of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>pruni</i> in Plum Leaves and Twigs (1986)

Abstract The systemic migration of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Xcp) through vascular bundles of leaves and twigs of plum was investigated. A rifampicin‐resistant strain of Xcp was inoculated into leaves located midway from the tip of new green twigs of Golden King plum trees in a glasshouse. High numbers of the pathogen were recovered 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation from sections of uninoculated and symptomless veins, petioles, and twig tissue. Symptoms of bacterial spot developedwithin 8 weeks on main and secondary veins of uninoculated leaves located as far as 13 cm from the inoculated leaf on the same twig. Weekly isolation indicated the constant presence of Xcp in apparently unaffected shields of twig tissue obtained from a naturally infected Golden King orchard. Xcp apparently enters plum twigs through veins of infected leaves and migrates systemically through twigs to leaves.
Organosilane polymers: Formable copolymers that contain methyl(β‐phenethyl)silylene or cyclohexyl(methyl)silylene units (1984)

Abstract High molecular weight polysilane copolymers which contain the units in the title were prepared in high yield by sodium coupling the corresponding organodichlorosilanes in toluene. These copolymers are highly soluble in common solvents and can be drawn into fibers or formed into films by molding or casting. They are also photoactive.
Surface Modification and Functionalization of Polytetrafluoroethylene Films (1996)

Argon plasma-pretreated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were subjected to further surface modification by near-UV light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), sodium salt of styrenesulfonic acid (NaSS), and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The surface compositions and microstructures of the modified films were characterized by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A stratified surface microstructure with a significantly higher substrate-to-graft chain ratio in the top surface layer than in the subsurface layer was always obtained for PTFE surface with a substantial amount of the hydrophilic graft. The stratified surface microstructure was consistent with the observed hysteresis in advancing and receding water contact angles. The graft yield increased with Ar plasma pretreatment time and monomer concentration. Covalent immobilization of trypsin on the AAc polymer-grafted PTFE films was facilitated by water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC). The effective enzyme activities increased initially with increasing surface concentration of the grafted AAc polymer but became saturated at a moderate AAc polymer concentration. The immobilized enzyme could still retain close to 30% of its original activity. Solution-coating of the polymeric acid-modified PTFE films with the emeraldine (EM) base of polyaniline readily resulted in an interfacial charge transfer interaction and a semiconductive PTFE surface.
Parsing of Graph-Representable Pictures (1970)

A syntax-directed picture analysis system based on a formal picture description scheme is described. The system accepts a description of a set of pictures in terms of a grammar generating strings in a picture description language; the grammar is explicitly used to direct the analysis or parse, and to control the calls on pattern classification routines for primitive picture components. Pictures are represented by directed graphs with labeled edges, where the edges denote elementary picture components and the graph connectivity mirrors the picture component connectivity; blank and don't care “patterns” allow the description of simple relations between visible patterns. The bulk of the paper is concerned with the picture parsing algorithm which is an n -dimensional analog of a classical top-down string parser, and an application of an implemented system to the analysis of spark chamber film. The potential benefits of this approach, as demonstrated by the application, include ease of implementation and modification of picture processing systems, and simplification of the pattern recognition problem by automatically taking advantage of contextual information.
Inkjet printing of polymer solutions and the role of chain entanglement (2007)

The influence of polymer concentration, going from the dilute through the overlap into the concentrated regime, during drop on demand inkjet printing is investigated for a range of cellulose ester (CE) polymers from visual examination of ligament stretching as a function of applied wave form. The physical behaviour of the polymer fluids in drop formation is indicative of the dominance of viscoelastic effects within the timescale of the process, in preventing ligament break-up at the pinch point compared with a water–glycerol–isopropanol blend Newtonian fluid of similar viscosity. This has previously been described in terms of the polymer chain undergoing a coil–stretch transition at the strain rates experienced in the inkjet process. When formulated at the coil overlap concentration all polymers showed qualitatively similar behaviour with respect to time and length of ligament at rupture irrespective of polymer molecular weight. Beyond the overlap concentration the ligament rupture time continues to increase with increasing elasticity of the solution but the ligament rupture length decreases rapidly. In this regime chain entanglement becomes important, dramatically increasing the elastic nature of the ligament. Additionally it is proposed that in the case of weakly associating polymers such as cellulose esters, the effective relaxation time is further increased due to the possibility that on chain extension intramolecular H-bonds are broken and may reform as intermolecular associations whilst the polymer chains are extended. These intermolecular associations act as physical crosslinks, thereby creating a transient network structure. This network structure is capable of having a finite large viscosity. Once the strain is removed the network will decay as the chains return to the more thermodynamically stable coil state.
Binding of actinomycin D to [d(ATCGAT)]2: NMR evidence of multiple complexes (1989)

Actinomycin D (actD) binds to the oligonucleotide [d(ATCGAT)]2 with a hypochromatic and red-shifted visible absorbance band compared to free drug and a CD spectrum with double negative bands at 460 and 385 nm. These spectral features are similar to those of the actD-[d(ATGCAT)]2 complex, while actD-[d(AT)5]2 gives spectra similar to those of free drug. Upon dilution or raising the temperature, the spectral characteristics accompanying complex formation disappear in the actD-[(ATCGAT)]2 sample but remain in the actD-[d(ATGCAT)]2 complex under the same experimental conditions. These results suggest that (a) sequence-specific binding of actD occurs with [d(ATCGAT)]2 but not with [d(AT)5]2, (b) the binding is not as strong as with [d(ATGCAT)]2, and (c) actD binds [d(ATCGAT)]2 with the same mechanism as it binds [d(ATGCAT)]2, i.e., by intercalation. From NMR spectra of the actD-[d(ATCGAT)]2 complex, three types of signals can be detected below 20 degrees C, one major and two minor ones. At higher temperatures, exchange between the two minor ones becomes fast enough that only one type of minor signal was seen. Partial resonance assignments were made by using 2D nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and 2D homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn (HOHAHA) experiments. Proton chemical shift changes of the major complex are consistent with actD chromophore ring intercalation between hexamer base pairs. Data from NOE-detected dipolar interactions between actD and [d(ATCGAT)]2 protons were interpreted in terms of a major complex with the actD chromophore ring system intercalated at the CG position and minor complexes with the drug intercalated off center at the GA positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation of Hyperbranched Aromatic Polyimide without Linear Units by End-Capping Reaction (2001)

Direct self-polycondensation of an AB2 type monomer (1) followed by chemical modification with a branched reagent (2) afforded a precursor. Chemical imidization of the precursor gave a hyperbranched aromatic polyimide (12) with a weight-average molecular weight of 98 000 and an inherent viscosity of 0.13 dL/g. The structures of polymers were successfully characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Using a model compound, the degree of branching (DB) of the hyperbranched polyimide was determined to be 1.0 by 1H NMR analysis. A significant difference in T1 (1H NMR pulse spin−lattice relaxation time) values between dendritic, linear, and terminal units was not observed. T1 values were found to decrease with increasing the size of end groups. By thermal analyses, 5 wt % thermal loss and glass transition temperatures of polyimides were observed at above 365 °C and at around 170 °C, respectively. The precursor and polyimides exhibited good solubility in NMP, DMF, and THF.
C-band backscatter measurements of winter sea-ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (1995)

Abstract During the 1992 Winter Weddell Gyre Study, a C-band scalterometer was used from the German ice-breaker R/V Polarstern to obtain detailed shipborne measurement scans of Antarctic sea-ice. The frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) radar operated at 4·3GHz and acquired like- (VV) and cross-polarization (HV) data at a variety of incidence angles (10–75°). Calibrated backscatter data were recorded for several ice types as the icebreaker crossed the Weddell Sea and detailed measurements were made of corresponding snow and sea-ice characteristics at each measurement site, together with meteorological information, radiation budget and oceanographic data. The primary scattering contributions under cold winter conditions arise from the air/snow and snow/ice interfaces. Observations indicate some similarities with Arctic sea-ice scattering signatures, although the main difference is generally lower mean backscattering coefficients in the Weddell Sea. This is due to the younger mean ice age and thickness, and correspondingly higher mean salinities. In particular. smooth white ice found in 1992 in divergent areas within the Weddell Gyre ice pack was generally extremely smooth and undeformed. Comparisons of field scatterometer data with calibrated 20–26° incidence ERS-I radar image data show close correspondence, and indicate that rough Antarctic first-year and older second-year ice forms do not produce as distinctively different scattering signatures as observed in the Arctic. Thick deformed first-year and second-year ice on the other hand are clearly discriminated from younger undeformed ice, thereby allowing successful separation of thick and thin ice. Time-series data also indicate that C-band is sensitive to changes in snow and ice conditions resulting from atmospheric and oceanographic forcing and the local heat flux environment. Variations of several dB in 45° incidence backscatter occur in response to a combination of thermally-regulated parameters including sea-ice brine volume, snow and ice complex dielectric properties, and snow physical properties.
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate autophagic lysosome reformation (2014)

Autophagy allows cells to adapt to changes in their environment by coordinating the degradation and recycling of cellular components and organelles to maintain homeostasis. Lysosomes are organelles critical for terminating autophagy via their fusion with mature autophagosomes to generate autolysosomes that degrade autophagic materials; therefore, maintenance of the lysosomal population is essential for autophagy-dependent cellular clearance. Here, we have demonstrated that the two most common autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia gene products, the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR), a pathway that generates new lysosomes. Lysosomal targeting of spastizin required an intact FYVE domain, which binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Loss of spastizin or spatacsin resulted in depletion of free lysosomes, which are competent to fuse with autophagosomes, and an accumulation of autolysosomes, reflecting a failure in ALR. Moreover, spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation. Together, these results link dysfunction of the autophagy/lysosomal biogenesis machinery to neurodegeneration.
Receptors, Ion Channels, and Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Microglial Dynamics (2015)

Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, play a pivotal role in brain injury and disease. Microglia are extremely motile; their highly ramified processes constantly survey the brain parenchyma, and they respond promptly to brain damage with targeted process movement toward the injury site. Microglia play a key role in brain development and function by pruning synapses during development, phagocytosing apoptotic newborn neurons, and regulating neuronal activity by direct microglia-neuron or indirect microglia-astrocyte-neuron interactions, which all depend on their process motility. This review highlights recent discoveries about microglial dynamics, focusing on the receptors, ion channels, and signaling pathways involved.
Stage formation of graphite intercalation compounds in molten salts (1992)

Equilibrium stage structures of graphite compounds with CuCl2 and FeCl3 in KCl–CuCl2, NaCl–CuCl2 and KCl–FeCl3 molten-salt systems have been examined by means of the products obtained after a sufficiently long reaction time. The stage formation in molten salts of metal chlorides is explained in terms of the chemical potential of intercalates in the reaction system. The presence of complex compounds of the component metal chlorides in the intercalation is observed.
Combined transductional and transcriptional targeting of melanoma cells by artificial virus-like particles (2001)

Our findings suggest that the AVP technology is a useful approach for generating highly efficient and specific non-viral vectors for melanoma targeting, in particular in a setting of combined transductional and transcriptional targeting.
Liquid-crystal imaging Fourier-spectrometer array (1990)

A massively parallel Fourier-spectrometer array that takes advantage of the voltage-controlled birefringence of a liquid-crystal cell is proposed. The retardation variation of a nematic liquid-crystal cell controlled by an ac voltage is used for the optical path scanning of a Fourier-spectrometer array. An experiment for correcting the nonlinearity of retardation is demonstrated, and problems related to this massively parallel array are pointed out.
General Route to Symmetric and Asymmetric<i>meso</i>-CF<sub>3</sub>-3(5)-Aryl(hetaryl)- and 3,5-Diaryl(dihetaryl)-BODIPY Dyes (2011)

A general efficient route to hitherto inaccessible symmetric and asymmetric meso-CF(3)-BODIPY dyes has been developed. The key stages include the reduction of available 2-trifluoroacetylpyrroles to the corresponding alcohols which are further condensed with pyrroles. The method allows the BODIPY with 3(5)aryl(hetaryl) and 3,5-diaryl(hetaryl) substituents to be readily assembled. The BODIPY dyes synthesized fluoresce (Φ(f) = 0.56-1.00) in the 560-680 nm region.
In-process monitoring of laser welding by the analysis of ripples in the plasma emission (1997)

A novel in-process monitoring system employing two detectors set above the workpiece at different aiming angles of 5° and 75° has been developed to detect whether or not CO2 laser welding fully penetrates through to the back surface of steel sheets. The acquired signal contained a.c. components of the emission of the laser-induced plasma in the plume and in the keyhole with frequencies up to approximately 10 kHz. The mean square value of the a.c. signal obtained by using the 75° sensor during full penetration welding was much larger than that of the partial penetration welding, showing that full penetration welding can be monitored with a high accuracy by using the 75° sensor.
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2-Benzenedithiol from Benzenethiol (1992)

1,2-Benzenedithiol (3) can be prepared on a molar scale and isolated in 96% yield by a convenient one-pot procedure starting from benzenethiol. This method utilizes recent discoveries on the formation of dilithium 1,2-benzenedithiolate (2) via directed ortho-lithiation of lithium benzenethiolate.
Combined T<SUB>4</SUB> and T<SUB>3</SUB> Therapy—Back to the Drawing Board (2003)

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An Assessment of the Army's Tactical Human Optimization, Rapid Rehabilitation and Reconditioning Program. (2013)

In 2009, U.S. Special Operations Command provided U.S. Army Special Operations Command with funds to establish the Tactical Human Optimization, Rapid Rehabilitation and Reconditioning (THOR3) program, an investment reflecting "truth number 1" of special operations forces: "Humans are more important than hardware." The goals of THOR3 are to increase the physical and mental capabilities of Army special forces, help these soldiers recover more rapidly from injuries sustained in combat or training, and help them stay healthy and able to contribute longer. The program differs from other Army fitness programs in several important ways, including its holistic approach to improving physical and mental performance, its focus on individual and unit needs, and its reliance on a professional staff of program coordinators, strength and conditioning coaches, physical therapists, dietitians, and cognitive enhancement specialists to deliver training and rehabilitation services that are on par with those provided to professional sports teams. U.S. Army Special Operations Command asked RAND Arroyo Center to determine whether THOR3 is effectively utilizing the resources provided and to identify opportunities for improvement in the program's planning and implementation, staffing (including hiring and retention), leader development and education, facility and equipment requirements, and ability to support participating personnel.
Extracting cylinders in full 3D data using a random sampling method and the Gaussian image (2001)

This paper presents a new method for extracting cylinders from an unorganized set of 3D points. The originality of this approach is to separate the extraction problem into two distinct steps. The first step consists in extracting a constrained plane in the Gaussian image. This yields a subset of 3D points along with a direction. In the second step, cylinders of known direction are extracted in the corresponding subset of points. Robustness is achieved by the use of a random sampling method in both steps.