gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological heterogeneity of neurotensin receptors: an in vitro study (1997)

Neurotensin (NT), a linear tridecapeptide, has been shown to exert a variety of biological effects in the periphery and in the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to characterize the NT receptors mediating the contractions of two isolated organs, the rat stomach strip and the guinea pig ileum. More than 20 compounds, peptides, nonpeptides, or pseudopeptides, were tested for their agonistic and antagonistic effects against NT and a series of potent analogs or fragments. Receptors were characterized using the two classical criteria suggested by Schild, the order of potency of agonists and the affinity of antagonists. The results shown in this study indicate that the contractions of the guinea pig ileum in response to NT are mediated by acetylcholine and prostaglandins because they are blocked by atropine and indomethacin. The contractions induced by NT in the rat stomach are not influenced by atropine, indomethacin, methysergide, and diphenhydramine and may result from the direct activation of smooth muscle receptors. Differences in the order of potency of agonists were also found between the two preparations: in the rat stomach strip, the order of potency was AcNT(8-13) > Arg-NT(8-13) > Lys-NT(8-13) > NT = NT(8-13) and in the guinea pig ileum was Arg-NT(8-13) > AcNT(8-13) > NT = NT(8-13) > Lys-NT(8-13). The nonpeptide antagonist SR 48692 was shown to possess higher apparent affinity for the rat stomach functional sites (pA2 8.0) than for those of the guinea pig ileum (pA2 6.45). The results presented in this paper suggest that two different pharmacological entities may subserve the myotropic effect of NT and some analogs and fragments in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea pig and the rat.
Key Features of Heat Shock Regulatory Elements (1988)

The promoters of heat shock protein genes are among the best-studied inducible eucaryotic promoters. Regions responsible for heat regulation have been identified previously by deletion experiments with several different heat shock genes. In this paper the critical importance of two novel features of heat shock regulatory elements was investigated. First, the elements were modular and, as a consequence, displayed a characteristic 5-nucleotide periodicity produced by multiple GAA blocks that were arranged in alternating orientations and at 2-nucleotide intervals. Functional heat shock regulatory elements appeared to include three or more of these blocks. Second, the nucleotides at the two positions immediately upstream from GAA segments played an important role in defining the competence of regulatory elements.
Ethanolamines and other amino‐ and hydroxyl‐containing compounds in the refining of rice oil (1955)

Summary In the alkali‐refining of rice oil by the usual procedure employed for cottonseed and similar oils excessive losses occur. A rice oil containing about 5% of free fatty acids may refine with a loss of over 40% by the cup method. A series of experiments has been performed which shows that the adding of certain organic compounds to the crude oil just before carrying out the regular refining procedure greatly reduces the refining losses. The technique was effective in both batch and continuous processes. Depending on the refining process used, reductions in the refining loss of 32 to 55% have been obtained. The organic compounds used as additives contained NH 2 and OH groups. Sucrose or blackstrap molasses appears to be the most practical material to use. However ethanolamines and various glycols and alcohols may also be employed.
Molecular beam epitaxy technology of III-V compound semiconductors for optoelectronic applications (1997)

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is a highly precise and versatile crystal growth technique. Since the first demonstration of quantum-well and superlattice structures in the early 1970's, MBE has continuously played a pivotal role in the development of innovative key optoelectronic devices. The advances in real-time feedback growth control make the MBE technique suitable for the demanding manufacturing environment. This paper reviews the principle and status of MBE technology with emphasis on III-V compound semiconductors for optoelectronic applications.
Emerging Roles of Sonic Hedgehog in Adult Neurological Diseases: Neurogenesis and Beyond (2018)

Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the hedgehog (Hh) family, was originally recognized as a morphogen possessing critical characters for neural development during embryogenesis. Recently, however, Shh has emerged as an important modulator in adult neural tissues through different mechanisms such as neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and autophagy. Therefore, Shh may potentially have clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. In this article, we present some examples, including ours, to show different aspects of Shh signaling and how Shh agonists or mimetics are used to alter the neuronal fates in various disease models, both in vitro and in vivo. Other potential mechanisms that are discussed include alteration of mitochondrial function and anti-aging effect; both are critical for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanisms elicited by Shh may provide a rationale to design innovative therapeutic regimens for various neurodegenerative diseases.
Syntheses of Alkylphenanthrenes. III. (1957)

Seven alkylphenanthrenes of 1, 8-dialkyl and 1, 6, 7-trialkyl substituted were synthesized. One of these, 1, 8-dimethylphenanthrene, was identical with an alkylphenanthrene derived from hypognavinol, an aconite alkaloid.
Diagnosis Framework for Locating Failed Segments of Path Delay Faults (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Diagnosis tools can be used to speed up the process for finding the root causes of functional or performance problems in a VLSI circuit. In this paper, we propose a method to locate possible segments that cause extra delays on circuit paths. We use the delay bounds of the tested paths to build linear constraints. By guiding the solutions of the linear constraints solved by a linear programming solver, we can identify segments with extra delays. Also, with the ranks of segment delays, we can prioritize the search for possible locations of failed segments. Besides, we also propose to reduce the search space by identifying indistinguishable segments. Essentially, we cannot separate segments in the same category no matter which segments have faults. This approach greatly increases the efficiency of the diagnosis process. Three main features of the proposed method are that: 1) it does not assume any delay fault model; 2) it derives diagnosis results directly from test data; and 3) it is able to diagnose failures caused by multiple delay defects. These features make our proposed method more realistic on solving the real problems occurring in the manufacturing process. In the experimental results, for most cases of injecting 5% of the longest path delay, the probabilities are over 90% for locating faulty segments within the list of top-ten suspects, and the average rankings, that is often referred to as first hit rank (FHR), which is defined as the rank of the first hit of the defect in the ranking list, are among the top five suspect locations for single fault injection. In the experimental results of multiple faults injection, the average FHRs are also lower than 5 for all cases of injecting 1% of the longest path delay. </para>
Generating mimicry attacks using genetic programming: A benchmarking study (2009)

Mimicry attacks have been the focus of detector research where the objective of the attacker is to generate multiple attacks satisfying the same generic exploit goals for a given vulnerability. In this work, multi-objective Genetic programming is used to establish a “black-box” approach to mimicry attack generation. No knowledge is made of internal data structures of the target anomaly detector, only the anomaly rate reported by the detector. Such a “black box” methodology enables a vulnerability testing approach where both open-source and commodity anomaly detection systems can be tested. The approach successfully identifies exploits when benchmarked over four detectors and four applications.
“6 markers/5 colors” extended white blood cell differential by flow cytometry (2007)

Electronic white blood cell (WBC) differential by standard cytology (hematology analyzer and visual inspection of blood smears) is limited to five types and identification of abnormal cells is only qualitative, often problematic, poorly reproducible, and labour costing. We present our results on WBC differential by flow cytometry (FCM) with a 6 markers, 5 colors CD36-FITC/CD2-PE+CRTH2-PE/CD19-ECD/CD16-Cy5/CD45-Cy7 combination, on 379 subjects, with detection of 12 different circulating cell types, among them 11 were quantified. Detection of quantitative abnormalities of whole leucocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, or lymphocytes was comparable by FCM and by standard cytology in terms of sensitivity and specificity. FCM was better than standard cytology in detection and quantification of circulating blast cells or immature granulocytes, with a first lineage orientation in the former case. All cases of lymphocytosis, with lineage assignment, were detected by FCM. FCM identified a group of patients with excess of CD16pos monocytes as those having an inflammatory syndrome. WBC differential by FCM is at least as reliable as by standard cytology. FCM superiority consists in identification and systematic quantification of parameters that cannot be assessed by standard cytology such as lineage orientation of blast cells or lymphocytes, and expression of markers of interest such as CD16 on inflammatory monocytes.
Dendritic cells: The driving force behind autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis? (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are likely to play a significant role in immune‐mediated diseases such as autoimmunity and allergy. To date there are few treatments capable of inducing permanent remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and elucidation of the role of DC may provide specific strategies for disease intervention. Dendritic cells have proven to be powerful tools for immunotherapy and investigations are under way to determine their clinical efficacy in transplantation and viral and tumour immunotherapy. The present review will focus on the current view of DC and their role in autoimmunity, in particular RA. Two possible roles for DC in the pathogenesis of RA will be proposed, based on recent advances in the field.
Photo-induced change in wettability and binding ability of azoaromatic polymers (1982)

Photochromic polymers containing p-phenylazoacrylanilide were synthesized and the photo-induced hydrophobicity change on the surface of the polymer film was studied by measuring water wettability. The wettability increased with UV irradiation and returned to the original value with visible light irradiation. This photo-induced reversible change in wettability was considered to be caused by the large change of dipole moment across the azo bonds due to the isomerization of azo dye from trans to cis form. Furthermore, the photoresponsive polymeric adsorbent prepared from the azo polymer having adsorption behavior of a low molecular weight compound was studied. The binding ability of this polymeric adsorbent was decreased by UV irradiation. These results were attributed to the decreased hydrophobic interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.
Narcotic antagonists. V. Stereochemistry of reactions at C-6 in 14-hydroxynoroxymorphone derivatives (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNarcotic antagonists. V. Stereochemistry of reactions at C-6 in 14-hydroxynoroxymorphone derivativesElliot F. Hahn and Jack FishmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 1, 31–34Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00889a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00889a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methanol fixation of plant tissue for Scanning Electron Microscopy improves preservation of tissue morphology and dimensions (2013)

This study shows that simultaneous fixation and dehydration in methanol followed by ethanol results in better preservation of dimensions and morphology of critical point dried plant tissues than other fixation and dehydration procedures. It is a quick and simple method, and requires standard SEM preparation equipment.
Active power control strategy for wind farm based on wind turbine dynamic classified (2012)

Because of the randomness and intermittent of wind power, how to actively engage in the active control of wind farm and improve the active power output of wind farm is the subject which wind farm are very concerned about. First, the article discusses the active control principle, objectives and requirements for wind farm, putting forward to the active control strategy based on wind turbines dynamic classified for wind farm. Wind turbines is classified according to the power prediction of wind turbines and the optimization model is established for active power distribution of wind farm, which promote to the accuracy of the active control in the entire wind farm. Then, the active control strategy proposed is applied to the actual wind farm power control, finding the shortcoming of control strategy and suggesting improvement, finally Verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy.
Crystal and molecular structures of (–)-7,7′-dibromo-3,3,3′,3′,5,5′hexamethyl-1,1′-spirobi-indane-6,6′-diol and (±)-3,3,3′,3′,5,5′-hexamethyl-1,1′-spirobi-indane (1976)

The crystal structures of (–)-7,7′-dibromo-3,3,3′,3′,5,5′-hexamethvl-1,1′-spirobi-indane-6,6′-diol (I) and (±)3,3,3′,3′,5,5′-hexamethyl-1,1′-spirobi-indane (II) have been determined [by the heavy-atom method for (I) and direct methods for (II)] from X-ray diffractometer data. Crystals of (I) are orthorhombic, space group P212121, a= 19.625(2), b= 7.644(1), c= 14.021 (2)Å, Z= 4. Crystals of (II) are monoclinic, space group C2/c, a= 21.699(2), b= 14.222(1), c= 6.173(1)Å, β= 97.78(1)°, Z= 4 (the molecules lie at the two-fold axes in the crystal). The structures were refined by a block-diagonal least-squares method to R, 0.083 for (I)(1 244 reflections) and 0.066 for (II)(974 reflections). The cyclopentene rings are in the envelope conformation in (I) and (II). The dihedral angle between the two benzene ring planes is 81 (I) and 75.5°(II). The absolute configuration of (I) indicates that the molecule has the (R)-configuration.
Succinoylated Poly[N-(2- Hydroxyethyl)-L-Glutamine] Derivatives for Drug Delivery (2004)

A series of succinoylated poly[N-(2-)- L-glutamine] (PHEG) derivatives was synthesized by reacting PHEG with succinic anhydride in the presence of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst. The size of the derivatives were measured by dynamic light scattering in buffers (pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively) the lysosomal and physiological pH. The degradability of the succinoylated polymers toward cathepsin B was followed by gel permeation chromatography. It was demonstrated that an increase of modification results in decreased biodegradability. Conjugation of mitomycin C (MMC) with a succinoylated PHEG derivative through a collagenase-sensitive Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro- Leu spacer resulted in a water-soluble MMC conjugate. This conjugate was shown to be hydrolytically stable in buffers of lysosomal and physiological pH and able to release MMC in the presence of the bacterial collagenase clostridium histolyticum.
Radium Removal from Groundwater Using Sorption to Filter Sand (1986)

The use of this novel process to remove sufficient radium from drinking water by filter sand has been demonstrated. A major potential advantage of this process is that a minimal capital investment would be required. It is likely that existing sand filters could be used depending on their resistance to dilute acid or the feasibility of their modification to make them acid resistant. It is estimated that acid costs would be approximately 0. 01 to 0. 10 per 1000 gallons treated depending mostly on the regenerant pH.
An implementation of F-channels (1993)

An F-channel can permit as much concurrency as a non-first-in-first-out (FIFO) communication channel and yet retain the properties of a FIFO channel that lead to simplicity of reasoning in design and proofs of the correctness of distributed algorithms. The author presents an implementation of an F-channel on top of a non-FIFO channel that derives its non-FIFO nature from a message taking any of the alternate paths from the source to the destination in the underlying network in which each channel is either an F-channel implemented using some other implementation or recursively using the implementation presented or a FIFO channel. The correctness of the implementation is proven.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A unified sequence-structure classification of protein sequences (2000)

We analyze all known protein sequences in search for a global map of protein space that is consistent in terms of both sequence and structure. Our goal is to define clusters of homologous protein domains, beyond those detected by sequence-based methods alone, and then to build a three-dimensional (3D) model for each of the sequences that are homologous to sequences of known 3D structure. This analysis uses both sequence and structure based metrics in the analysis of all protein sequences in a non-redundant (NR) database, comprising all major sequence databases.
Three-dimensional microwell arrays for cell culture (2010)

We propose the concept of three-dimensional (3D) microwell arrays for cell culture applications and highlight the importance of oxygen diffusion through pores in all three dimensions to enhance cell viability.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR of N‐Substituted Dibenzazepinone Derivatives as Novel Potent and Selective α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Antagonists. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbohydrate-Derived Nanoarchitectures: On a Synergistic Effect Toward an Improved Performance in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2013)

We combined the good cycle ability and rate performance of carbon-nanostructured hollow spheres with the high specific capacity at first discharge of nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels. Beneficial contributions of each constituent material, i.e., N-doped carbogel and carbon hollow spheres, led to a promising synergistic effect. A high specific capacity of more than 700 mA h g–1 was reached with a limited fading over 25 cycles.
Noncoherent radar moving target indicator using fiber optic delay lines (1979)

A prime candidate for detection of low flying targets over the sea surface is high resolution radar with a noncoherent delay line canceller. Fiber optic delay lines are capable of providing the required large timebandwidth (TB) product. Optimum information capacities in the spectral region around <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.3 {\mu}</tex> m are estimated theoretically to correspond to timebandwidth products of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10^8</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10^6</tex> for single-mode (based on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-nm</tex> source spectral width) and graded-index multimode fibers, respectively. Pulse-to-pulse subtraction with 17-dB cancellation has been experimentally demonstrated using a 940- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> graded-index multimode fiber as delay line. Higher cancellation ratios are anticipated from the use of wider bandwidth fibers.
A Planar Amperometric Creatinine Biosensor Employing an Insoluble Oxidizing Agent for Removing Redox-Active Interferences (2001)

A planar microchip-based creatinine biosensor employing an oxidizing layer (e.g., a PbO2 film), where interfering redox-active substances are broken (i.e., oxidized) to redox-inactive products, was developed to facilitate the microfabrication of the sensor and to provide improved, reliable determination of creatinine in physiological samples. The feasibility of using hydrophilic polyurethanes in permselective barrier membranes for creatinine biosensors and the effect of adding a silanizing agent (adhesion promoter) on the sensor performance (e.g., sensitivity, stability, and lifetime) are described. The proposed creatinine microsensor with a three-layer configuration, i.e., enzyme, protecting, and oxidizing layers, exhibits good electrochemical performance in terms of response time (t95% = 98 s at 100-->200 microM creatinine change), linearity (1-1000 microM, r = 0.9997), detection limit (0.8 microM), and lifetime (approximately 35 days). The creatinine biosensor devised in a differential sensing arrangement that compensates the erroneous results from creatine is considered to be suitable for assay of serum specimens.
Targeting FtsZ for antibacterial therapy: a promising avenue (2009)

The widespread problem of bacterial resistance towards existing drugs and the paucity of effective drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections have prompted the scientific community to think about novel strategies for discovering new classes of antibacterial drugs. Target-based screening of inhibitory molecules has emerged as an important alternative for the development of potent antibacterials. FtsZ is a prokaryotic cytoskeleton protein, which plays an important role in bacterial cell division. It forms a highly dynamic Z-ring at the centre of the cell and recruits other accessory proteins, which are involved in bacterial cytokinesis. Here, we discuss the assembly dynamics of FtsZ and the key features that place it among the novel antibacterial drug targets. The recent progress in finding the inhibitors of functional properties of FtsZ and its interactions with other proteins, which has been enabled by advanced screening methods and structure-based design, are presented herein. Although there are significant challenges in the development of this new class of antibacterial drugs, nonetheless the therapeutic potential of FtsZ as a drug target is motivating researchers to find lead molecules with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.