gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Antenna Systems for Wireless Handheld Devices Robust to Hand Loading (2012)

The performance of handset antennas is strongly affected by the user interaction. In particular, the close proximity of the user's hand when holding the phone usually degrades the behavior of the antenna by introducing detuning effects and efficiency decrements. With the aim of mitigating such negative effects, the present paper proposes a distributed antenna system comprising three monopoles strategically arranged along the ground plane of a wireless handheld device. This configuration not only improves the performance of the radiating system with respect to that attained with a single monopole antenna or a distributed antenna system of two monopoles, but also increases its robustness to the hand loading effect. In order to assess the benefits of the proposed technique, simulated and measured results in free-space as well as regarding the presence of a hand phantom are compared with previous techniques based on a single monopole and a distributed antenna system of two monopoles. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed distributed antenna system of three monopoles improves the bandwidth (34% for SWR ≤ 3 (693-978 MHz)), the efficiency in free-space, and becomes more robust to the hand loading effects than a single monopole solution and a distributed system of two monopoles.
Nursing Calculations J Gatford N Phillips Nursing Calculations Churchill Livingstone/Elsevir Science No of pages:136£8.99044307195 0044307195 0 (2003)

This book is suitable for students studying both nursing and pharmacology and explores all aspects of drug calculations. It is divided into eight sections, starting with a review of basic mathematical calculations before progressing on to actual drug calculations.
Performance of decoupled electroaerodynamic thrusters (2021)

Solid-state aerodynamic devices, which use electroaerodynamics (EAD) to produce a propulsive force, have the potential to make drones and airplanes significantly quieter and may provide benefits in sustainability and manufacturability. In these devices, ions are accelerated between two electrodes by an electric field, colliding with neutral air molecules and producing an ionic wind and a thrust force. The authors' previous work showed that a “decoupled” device architecture, which separates the ionization and ion acceleration processes, can increase thrust density and thrust-to-power compared to the prevailing corona-discharge-based EAD architecture, which uses a single DC potential for both processes. However, the discharge characteristics of this decoupled architecture have not been previously determined. Here, we experimentally characterize a decoupled EAD thruster with a wire-to-wire dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ion source: an AC voltage drives the DBD, which ionizes neutral air molecules at the emitting electrode, while a separate DC voltage accelerates ions toward the collecting electrode. We determine the discharge characteristics (i.e., the DC-current-to-DC-voltage relationship) of this decoupled thruster as well as a model for the interaction between the ionization and acceleration stages: we find that the former takes the same functional form as the analytical solution for space-charge limited current in a thin collisional ion channel, whereas the latter is determined primarily by the power draw of the DBD ionization stage. We present a complete model for the thrust and power draw of decoupled EAD thrusters, enabling their quantitative design and optimization for use in aircraft propulsion and other applications.
Learning to optimize: Training deep neural networks for wireless resource management (2017)

For decades, optimization has played a central role in addressing wireless resource management problems such as power control and beamformer design. However, these algorithms often require a considerable number of iterations for convergence, which poses challenges for real-time processing. In this work, we propose a new learning-based approach for wireless resource management. The key idea is to treat the input and output of a resource allocation algorithm as an unknown non-linear mapping and to use a deep neural network (DNN) to approximate it. If the nonlinear mapping can be learned accurately and effectively by a DNN of moderate size, then such DNN can be used for resource allocation in almost real time, since passing the input through a DNN to get the output only requires a small number of simple operations. In this work, we first characterize a class of `learnable algorithms' and then design DNNs to approximate some algorithms of interest in wireless communications. We use extensive numerical simulations to demonstrate the superior ability of DNNs for approximating two considerably complex algorithms that are designed for power allocation in wireless transmit signal design, while giving orders of magnitude speedup in computational time.
Lipophilic Cyclic Hexapeptide for Calcium Ion-Selective-Electrode (1992)

Abstract The cyclic hexapeptides containing artificial and lipophilic amino acid, α-aminomyristic acid were designed. The poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrode based on a cyclic hexapeptide exhibited high calcium ion selectivity over sodium and potassium ions.
Retinoic acid increases elastin in neonatal rat lung fibroblast cultures (1993)

The factors that regulate elastin synthesis during pulmonary alveolar septal formation have not been identified. Because maximal alveolar elastin synthesis occurs over a relatively brief period (postnatal days 4-14 in the rat), we hypothesized that changes in the local concentrations of factors that regulate elastin synthesis may precede or accompany this period. Because pulmonary retinoid stores decline just before the fourth postnatal day, we also hypothesized that this decline could be accompanied by the utilization of retinoic acid, one of the most biologically active retinoids, in a regulatory process that increases elastin synthesis. If these hypotheses are correct, then retinoic acid should increase elastin synthesis by pulmonary cells. Therefore, cultures of neonatal rat lung fibroblasts were exposed to retinoic acid, and elastin production was quantitated. Retinoic acid produced a two- to threefold increase in the steady-state level of elastin mRNA, in soluble elastin, and in insoluble elastin. The transcriptional initiation rate of the elastin gene was 1.8-fold higher in nuclei that were isolated from retinoic acid-treated cells than in nuclei that were isolated from control cells. This indicates that the increase in steady-state elastin mRNA results, at least partially, from an increase in elastin transcription. Lung fibroblasts that were isolated from 8-day-old rats, but not cultured, contained retinoic acid. These findings suggest that retinoic acid is a potential regulator of elastin synthesis in developing pulmonary alveoli.
Object retrieval using configurations of salient regions (2008)

In this paper, we describe an approach for retrieving a ranked list of images containing the same object as the query. Images in the corpus are primitively represented by a set of salient region descriptors so that the retrieval approach can works despite of changes in scale, illumination, and partial occlusion. Based on the sparse frequency vector representation method, we have improved the bag-of-features method to integrate the spatial co-occurrence information into the image representation.
Backscatter digital holography of microparticles (2013)

This work investigates a method for digital holographic imaging of microparticles. Traditional digital holographic techniques use a particle's forward scattered light to form the hologram, whereas here we use the backscattered light. Images of a particle are then computationally reconstructed from the backscatter hologram, and several examples of such reconstructions are presented. A potential advantage of this technique is that the backscatter holograms may be more sensitive to particle-surface details.
A streamlined metallic radome (1974)

The results of research and development, fabrication, and measured transmission performance for a specific streamlined metallic radome are contained in this paper. The measured results presented demonstrate that high-quality radome transmission performance can be attained with a streamlined metallic radome. The conical metallic radome presented is 6 ft 4 in long and has a base diameter of 25.5 in. The specially designed resonant slotted surface of the metallic radome consists of 90 percent metal and, for frequencies within its operating band, the radome permits transmission with any signal polarization over a wide range of scan angles. At its 8.90 GHz resonant frequency the metallic radome introduces less than 0.5 dB signal loss and less than 2 mrad boresight error. This radome has been purposely designed for operation over a narrow frequency band. Over a 200 MHz band, measured insertion loss and boresight error values of 1 dB and 6 mrad, respectively, are attained.
The maternal immune response to fetal platelet GPIbα causes frequent miscarriage in mice that can be prevented by intravenous IgG and anti-FcRn therapies (2011)

Fetal and neonatal immune thrombocytopenia (FNIT) is a severe bleeding disorder caused by maternal antibody-mediated destruction of fetal/neonatal platelets. It is the most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia in neonates, but the frequency of FNIT-related miscarriage is unknown, and the mechanism(s) underlying fetal mortality have not been explored. Furthermore, although platelet αIIbβ3 integrin and GPIbα are the major antibody targets in immune thrombocytopenia, the reported incidence of anti-GPIbα-mediated FNIT is rare. Here, we developed mouse models of FNIT mediated by antibodies specific for GPIbα and β3 integrin and compared their pathogenesis. We found, unexpectedly, that miscarriage occurred in the majority of pregnancies in our model of anti-GPIbα-mediated FNIT, which was far more frequent than in anti-β3-mediated FNIT. Dams with anti-GPIbα antibodies exhibited extensive fibrin deposition and apoptosis/necrosis in their placentas, which severely impaired placental function. Furthermore, anti-GPIbα (but not anti-β3) antiserum activated platelets and enhanced fibrin formation in vitro and thrombus formation in vivo. Importantly, treatment with either intravenous IgG or a monoclonal antibody specific for the neonatal Fc receptor efficiently prevented anti-GPIbα-mediated FNIT. Thus, the maternal immune response to fetal GPIbα causes what we believe to be a previously unidentified, nonclassical FNIT (i.e., spontaneous miscarriage but not neonatal bleeding) in mice. These results suggest that a similar pathology may have masked the severity and frequency of human anti-GPIbα-mediated FNIT, but also point to possible therapeutic interventions.
Laser annealing for high-Q MEMS resonators (2003)

High frequency and high quality factor, <i>Q</i>, (defined as a half-width of the resonant peak) are the key factors that determine applications of microelectromechanical (MEMS) oscillators for supersensitive force detection or as elements for radio frequency signal processing. By shrinking the dimensions of MEMS resonators to the sub-micron range one increases the resonant frequency of the devices. Shrinking the devices, however, also increases the surface-to-volume ratio leading to a significant degradation of the quality factor (to below 5,000) due to the increased contribution of surface-related losses. We demonstrate that local annealing performed by focused low-power laser beams can improve the quality factor of MEMS resonators by more than an order of magnitude, which we attribute to the alteration of the surface state. Quality factors over 150,000 were achieved after laser annealing 3.1 MHz disc-type oscillators (radius R=10 micrometers, thickness h=0.25 micrometer) compared with a Q=6,000 for the as-fabricated device. The mushroom-type design of our resonator (a single-crystal silicon disc supported by a thin silicon dioxide pillar at the center) provides low heat loss and also confines the electron-hole gas created by laser excitation, enhancing light absorption. The combined power of a red HeNe laser (P<sub>red</sub>=4mW) and a blue Ar+ ion laser (P<sub>blue</sub>=5mW) focused on the periphery of the mushroom provides enough energy for surface modification. The post-treatment quality factor, exceeding 100,000 for MHz-range resonators, boosts the performance of MEMS to be comparable to that of lower frequency single-crystal quartz devices. The local nature of laser annealing, safe for surrounding electronics, is a crucial element for integration of MEMS resonators into an integrated circuit environment.
Wavelength shift keying technique to reduce four-wave mixing crosstalk in WDM (2003)

In low dispersion fibers, FWM spectrum is symmetric around the zero dispersion point. Wavelength shift keying technique using symmetric wavelengths and balanced detection can cancel FWM crosstalk to first order.
A RTL partitioning method with a fast min-cut improvement algorithm (2002)

A design flow with register transfer level (RTL) partitioning and an RTL partitioning algorithm for efficient logic synthesis and layout are described in this paper. By changing the parameter of the partitioning optimization dynamically, the algorithm improves the interconnection cost in a short CPU time. Experimental results on large circuits show that the algorithm partitioned circuits with a large number of RTL components in 1/10 to 1/100 of conventional partitioning times.
Converting Trypsin to Chymotrypsin: Residue 172 Is a Substrate Specificity Determinant (1994)

Trypsin and chymotrypsin have very similar tertiary structures, yet very different substrate specificities. Recent site-directed mutagenesis studies have shown that mutation of the residues of the substrate binding pocket of trypsin to the analogous residues of chymotrypsin does not convert trypsin into a protease with chymotrypsin-like specificity. However, chymotrypsin-like substrate specificity is attained when two surface loops are changed to the analogous residues of chymotrypsin, in conjunction with the changes in the S1 binding site [Hedstrom, L., Szilagyi, L., & Rutter, W. J. (1992) Science 255, 1249-1253). This mutant enzyme, Tr-->Ch[S1+L1+L2], is improved to a protease with 2-15% of the activity of chymotrypsin by the mutation of Tyr172 to Trp. Residue 172 interacts synergistically with the residues of the substrate binding pocket and the loops to determine substrate specificity. Further, these trypsin mutants demonstrate that substrate specificity is determined by the rate of catalytic processing rather than by substrate binding.
RNA interference and antiviral therapy (2007)

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionally conserved gene silencing mechanism present in a variety of eukaryotic species. RNAi uses short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to trigger degradation or translation repression of homologous RNA targets in a sequence-specific manner. This system can be induced effectively in vitro and in vivo by direct application of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), or by expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) with non-viral and viral vectors. To date, RNAi has been extensively used as a novel and effective tool for functional genomic studies, and has displayed great potential in treating human diseases, including human genetic and acquired disorders such as cancer and viral infections. In the present review, we focus on the recent development in the use of RNAi in the prevention and treatment of viral infections. The mechanisms, strategies, hurdles and prospects of employing RNAi in the pharmaceutical industry are also discussed.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Ladderized Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene-<i>a</i><i>lt</i>-9,10-anthrylene)s (2006)

We report here the synthesis and characterization of stepladder and ladder poly(p-phenylene-alt-anthrylene)s (SLPPPA and LPPPA respectively) containing 9,10-anthrylene building groups within the main chain. The polyketone ladder polymer precursors are prepared by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-type cross-coupling. The solution optical spectra of SLPPPA and LPPPA exhibit broad absorption bands with large Stokes shift unusual for rigid, ladder-type polymers. SLPPPA shows an intense yellow emission with a maximum at 584 nm while LPPPA is more red-shifted in emission with a maximum at 693 nm due to the planarization of the aromatic repeat units. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that both SLPPPA and LPPPA undergo fully reversible p- and n-doping processes. The methylene-bridged 1,4-di(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)benzene LMC and the bis(methylene)bridged 9,10-diphenylanthracene SLMC are also synthesized, they serve as ladder and stepladder model compounds respectively and their optical properties are discussed in comparison with the above polymers. The stepladder derivatives (SLMC and SLPPPA) are found to form endoperoxides in the presence of visible light in a thermally reversible process whereas the ladder derivatives (LMC and LPPPA) undergo irreversible photooxidation.
Algorithmic and Software System Support to Accelerate Data Processing in CPU-GPU Hybrid Computing Environments (2015)

Massively data-parallel processors, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) in particular, have recently entered the main stream of general-purpose computing as powerful hardware accelerators to a large scope of applications including databases, medical informatics, and big data analytics.However, despite their performance benefit and cost effectiveness, the utilization of GPUs in production systems still remains limited.A major reason behind this situation is the slow development of supportive GPU software ecosystem.More specially, (1) CPU-optimized algorithms for some critical computation problems have irregular memory access patterns with intensive control flows, which cannot be easily ported to GPUs to take full advantage of its fine-grained, massively dataparallel architecture; (2) commodity computing environments are inherently concurrent and require coordinated resource sharing to maximize throughput, while existing systems are still mainly designed for dedicated usage of GPU resources.In this Ph.D. dissertation, we develop efficient software solutions to support the adoption of massively data-parallel processors in general-purpose commodity computing systems.Our research mainly focuses on the following areas.First, to make a strong case for GPUs as indispensable accelerators, we apply GPUs to significantly improve the performance of spatial data cross-comparison in digital pathology analysis.Instead of trying to port existing CPU-based algorithms to GPUs, we design a new algorithm and fully optimize it to utilize GPU's hardware architecture for high performance.Second, we iii propose operating system support for automatic device memory management to improve the usability and performance of GPUs in shared general-purpose computing environments.Several effective optimization techniques are employed to ensure the efficient usage of GPU device memory space and to achieve high throughput.Finally, we develop resource management facilities in GPU database systems to support concurrent analytical query processing.By allowing multiple queries to execute simultaneously, the resource utilization of GPUs can be greatly improved.It also enables GPU databases to be utilized in important application areas where multiple user queries need to make continuous progresses simultaneously.
Multiple evidence strands suggest that there may be as few as 19 000 human protein-coding genes (2014)

Determining the full complement of protein-coding genes is a key goal of genome annotation. The most powerful approach for confirming protein-coding potential is the detection of cellular protein expression through peptide mass spectrometry (MS) experiments. Here, we mapped peptides detected in seven large-scale proteomics studies to almost 60% of the protein-coding genes in the GENCODE annotation of the human genome. We found a strong relationship between detection in proteomics experiments and both gene family age and cross-species conservation. Most of the genes for which we detected peptides were highly conserved. We found peptides for >96% of genes that evolved before bilateria. At the opposite end of the scale, we identified almost no peptides for genes that have appeared since primates, for genes that did not have any protein-like features or for genes with poor cross-species conservation. These results motivated us to describe a set of 2001 potential non-coding genes based on features such as weak conservation, a lack of protein features, or ambiguous annotations from major databases, all of which correlated with low peptide detection across the seven experiments. We identified peptides for just 3% of these genes. We show that many of these genes behave more like non-coding genes than protein-coding genes and suggest that most are unlikely to code for proteins under normal circumstances. We believe that their inclusion in the human protein-coding gene catalogue should be revised as part of the ongoing human genome annotation effort.
Aire-dependent production of XCL1 mediates medullary accumulation of thymic dendritic cells and contributes to regulatory T cell development (2011)

Dendritic cells (DCs) in the thymus (tDCs) are predominantly accumulated in the medulla and contribute to the establishment of self-tolerance. However, how the medullary accumulation of tDCs is regulated and involved in self-tolerance is unclear. We show that the chemokine receptor XCR1 is expressed by tDCs, whereas medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) express the ligand XCL1. XCL1-deficient mice are defective in the medullary accumulation of tDCs and the thymic generation of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nT reg cells). Thymocytes from XCL1-deficient mice elicit dacryoadenitis in nude mice. mTEC expression of XCL1, tDC medullary accumulation, and nT reg cell generation are diminished in Aire-deficient mice. These results indicate that the XCL1-mediated medullary accumulation of tDCs contributes to nT reg cell development and is regulated by Aire.
RELATIONS BETWEEN LONDON AND EDINBURGH PRINTERS AND STATIONERS (−1640) (1927)

RELATIONS BETWEEN LONDON AND EDINBURGH PRINTERS AND STATIONERS (−1640) Get access F. S. FERGUSON F. S. FERGUSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s4-VIII, Issue 2, September 1927, Pages 145–198, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s4-VIII.2.145 Published: 01 September 1927
MRI Texture Analysis Reflects Histopathology Parameters in Thyroid Cancer – A First Preliminary Study (2017)

MRI texture analysis derived from conventional sequences reflects histopathology features in thyroid cancer. This technique might be a novel noninvasive modality to further characterize thyroid cancer in clinical oncology.