gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonant switches - Topologies and characteristics (1985)

In designing conventional switching converters, the effort to increase operating frequency in order to reduce weight, size and cost of magnetic and filter elements is constantly hampered by higher switching stresses and switching losses. To overcome these obstacles, the concept of resonant switch was proposed. By incorporating additional Land C elements to shape device current and voltage waveforms, the desired zero-current switching property can be realized which enables converters to operate in the megahertz range.
Fast compact optical waveguide switch modulator (1981)

We describe a very short (750 μm) laterally compact (1 μm electrode gap) optical directional coupler switch made with Ti-diffused lithium niobate waveguides with a demonstrated switching time of 110 ps.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials by the Adsorption of Molecular Probes: FTIR and UV—VIS Studies (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Micromachined field emission devices (1996)

We present the application of micromachining technology to silicon-based field emission devices. Silicide formation on the emitter is shown to lead to lower voltage emission. Integration of series resistors and heaters is achieved by silicon bulk-micromachining. Multiple levels of tungsten electrodes are integrated by surface micromachining. This allows the integration of an entire micromachined electron gun array (MEGA) on a single silicon substrate. We review simulation results to illustrate the electron-optical properties of MEGA and show fabrication results and emission data.
Targeted disruption of the mZP3 gene results in production of eggs lacking a zona pellucida and infertility in female mice. (1996)

Mammalian eggs are surrounded by a thick extracellular coat, the zona pellucida, that plays important roles during early development. The mouse egg zona pellucida is constructed of three glycoproteins, called mZP1, mZP2, and mZP3. The gene encoding mZP3 is expressed only by growing oocytes during a 2- to 3-week period of oogenesis. Here, the mZP3 gene was disrupted by targeted mutagenesis using homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. Viable female mice homozygous for the mutated mZP3 allele (mZP3-/-) were obtained. These mice are indistinguishable in appearance from wild-type (mZP3+/+) and heterozygous (mZP3+/-) littermates. However, although ovaries of juvenile and adult mZP3-/- females possess growing and fully grown oocytes, the oocytes completely lack a zona pellucida. Consistent with this observation, eggs recovered from oviducts of superovulated, adult mZP3-/- females also lack a zona pellucida. Thus far, mZP3-/- females mated with wild-type males have failed to become pregnant.
Immunoperoxidase techniques: practical and theoretical aspects. (1978)

Immunoperoxidase methods have much in common with established immunofluorescence procedures. Both have the potential for specific demonstration of cell and tissue antigens, with similar limitations demanding rigorous control of specificity. In any study the choice of an immunofluorescence method or an immunoperoxidase method can be made on rational grounds, according to the desired objective, the degree of morphologic detail required, the material available for study, and the ease of access to specialized ultraviolet microscopy. In this article the relative merits of the various immunoperoxidase procedures are examined, and theoretical and practical aspects governing the application of these methods are discussed in detail.
Demonstration of interbreeding between virulent and avirulent populations of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) by PCR-RFLP method (2003)

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causative agent of pine wilt disease. The virulence of nematodes significantly varies among pine trees, but does not vary within a single pine. To elucidate the reason for no variation in virulence within a single pine, a technique to investigate the population structure of nematodes of different virulence is needed. In this study, the demonstration of interbreeding between virulent and avirulent populations of B. xylophilus in vitro was attempted using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. Ribosomal DNA containing the 5.8S gene, the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, and partial regions of 18S and 28S genes were used for analysis. First, PCR-RFLP patterns of offspring produced by interbreeding between two individuals of virulent and avirulent isolates were analyzed. The offspring from a single-pair interbreeding showed 3-digested fragment patterns with the restriction enzyme HhaI, patterns the same as the virulent isolate, the avirulent isolate and a hybrid pattern containing both fragments of the virulent and avirulent isolates. The virulent population was mixed with the avirulent one in vitro and propagated nematodes were individually analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. The nematodes showed the same 3 PCR-RFLP patterns as the offspring from a single-pair interbreeding. The detection of nematodes with a hybrid pattern demonstrates the occurrence of interbreeding between virulent and avirulent populations of B. xylophilus.
Transverse Sinus Stenting for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Review of 52 Patients and of Model Predictions (2011)

These findings indicate a role for transverse sinus stent placement in the management of selected patients with IIH.
Processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics by means of Joule heating (1994)

This paper deals with the fabrication method of CFRP by means of Joule heating. Because carbon fiber is electrically conductive, it is possible to cure the polymer matrix by applying an electric current directly to the carbon prepreg. In the present study, we tried to fabricate cross-ply laminates of CFRP. The mechanical properties of the cured plates were evaluated by three point bending. It is clear that the Joule heating method is one candidate for fabrication of CFRP plates, although some points are left for future investigation.
Expression of OVCA1, a candidate tumor suppressor, is reduced in tumors and inhibits growth of ovarian cancer cells. (1999)

Loss of all or part of one copy of chromosome 17p is very common in ovarian and breast tumors. OVCA1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene mapping to a highly conserved region on chromosome 17p13.3 that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast and ovarian carcinomas. Western blot analysis of extracts prepared from breast and ovarian carcinomas revealed reduced expression of OVCA1 compared with extracts from normal epithelial cells from these tissues. Subcellular localization studies indicate that OVCA1 is localized to punctate bodies scattered throughout the cell but is primarily clustered around the nucleus. Attempts to create cell lines that stably expressed OVCA1 from the cytomegalovirus promoter were generally unsuccessful in a variety of different cell lines. This reduction of colony formation was quantified in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780, where it was demonstrated that cells transfected with plasmids expressing OVCA1 had a 50-60% reduction in colony number as compared with appropriate controls, and only a few of these clones expressed OVCA1, albeit at low levels. The clones that expressed exogenous OVCA1 were found to have dramatically reduced rates of proliferation. Reduced growth rates correlated with an increased proportion of the cells in the G1 fraction of the cell cycle compared with the parental cell line and decreased levels of cyclin D1. The low levels of cyclin D1 appeared to be caused by an accelerated rate of cyclin D1 degradation. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was able to override OVCA1's suppression of clonal outgrowth. These results suggest that slight alterations in the level of OVCA1, such as would occur after reduction of chromosome 17p13.13 to hemizygosity, may result in cell cycle deregulation and promote tumorigenesis.
A simple model for squirt-flow dispersion and attenuation in fluid-saturated granular rocks (2010)

Abstract A major cause of seismic attenuation in fluid-saturated rocks is the flow of the pore fluid induced by the passing wave. At sonic and ultrasonic frequencies, attenuation appears to be dominated by the local (pore-scale) flow between pores of different shapes and orientations. A simple squirt flow model is developed in which all of the parameters can be independently measured or estimated from measurements. The pore space of the rock is assumed to consist of stiff porosity and compliant (or soft) pores present at grain contacts. The effect of isotropically distributed compliant pores is modeled by considering pressure relaxation in a disk-shaped gap between adjacent grains. This derivation gives the complex and frequency-dependent effective bulk and shear moduli of a rock, in which the compliant pores are liquid saturated and stiff pores are dry. The resulting squirt model is consistent with Gassmann's and Mavko–Jizba equations at low and high frequencies, respectively. The magnitude of attenuation and dispersion given by the model is directly related to the variation of dry bulk modulus with pressure and is relatively independent of fluid properties.
Development of High Efficiency, Low-Cost, and Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2006)

This report results from a contract tasking Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) as follows: The Grantee will investigate and develop a new class of polymer-gel electrolytes for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells in order to boost power efficiencies above the 15% light to electrical conversion efficiency
Preparation and electrical properties of Mn silicides by reaction of MnCl2 and Si powder (2011)

Mn-silicides have been synthesized by reaction between Si powder and MnCl2 vapour. The growth temperature varied from 400 °C to 500 °C. The resultant silicides powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). By powder reaction, the silicidation temperature can be decreased to 400 °C. The dominant growth of HMS was obtained at the heating temperature of 500 °C for 36 h. The phase evolution was discussed and compared with bulk reaction. The electrical properties of Mn silicides tablets were measured.
Autoimmune Th17 Cells Induced Synovial Stromal and Innate Lymphoid Cell Secretion of the Cytokine GM-CSF to Initiate and Augment Autoimmune Arthritis (2018)

Despite the importance of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases, it remains unclear how they control other inflammatory cells in autoimmune tissue damage. Using a model of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis, we showed that arthritogenic Th17 cells stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes via interleukin-17 (IL-17) to secrete the cytokine GM-CSF and also expanded synovial-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in inflamed joints. Activated synovial ILCs, which expressed CD25, IL-33Ra, and TLR9, produced abundant GM-CSF upon stimulation by IL-2, IL-33, or CpG DNA. Loss of GM-CSF production by either ILCs or radio-resistant stromal cells prevented Th17 cell-mediated arthritis. GM-CSF production by Th17 cells augmented chronic inflammation but was dispensable for the initiation of arthritis. We showed that GM-CSF-producing ILCs were present in inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, a cellular cascade of autoimmune Th17 cells, ILCs, and stromal cells, via IL-17 and GM-CSF, mediates chronic joint inflammation and can be a target for therapeutic intervention.
FOX-7 : a new insensitive explosive (2001)

1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) is an energetic material developed by FOI Sweden in the late 1990s. Theoretical studies have predicted that the performance of FOX-7 should exceed that of RDX. FOX-7 is also significantly less sensitive than RDX, particularly to impact and frictions stimuli. Consequently, FOX-7 is an attractive ingredient for application in high performance, IM-compliant explosive compositions. AMRL evaluation of FOX-7 has focused on the synthesis, hazards characteristion and performance studies. Aspects of these research areas, including preliminary experimental data that validates the theoretical performance values, are detailed.
Numerical simulation of the displayed image on the entire screen of autostereoscopic displays (2015)

A three-dimensional simulation model calculating the optical intensity distribution for the entire screen of an autostereoscopic display at a given eye position was developed in this study. A parallax barrier array was used for the optical model and reverse ray tracing of light from the observer's eye to the subpixels through the slits of the barrier was performed based on reverse geometrical optics. By investigating the optical behavior of the displayed image for the nine-view design condition for various viewing distances, we found the inhomogeneous crosstalk from the unwanted views and predicted segmented images which were comprised of multiple images from different views on the entire display screen. From the results, our simulation model shows good potentiality for predicting the displayed image on the entire display screen of autostereoscopic displays for various positions of the observer's eye with sufficient calculation speed.
Mechanism in organic chemistry (1971)

Partial table of contents: CHART ANALYSIS. Charts: Forecasting Tool or Folklore? Trends. Trading Ranges. Chart Patterns. Is Chart Analysis Still Valid? Setting Objectives and Other Position Exit Criteria. Linking Contracts for Long-Term Chart Analysis: Nearest Versus Continuous Futures. REAL-WORLD CHART ANALYSIS. Real-World Chart Analysis. OSCILLATORS AND CYCLES. Cycle Analysis of the Futures Markets (R. Mogey & J. Schwager). TRADING SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT. Examples of Original Trading Systems. Testing and Optimizing Trading Systems. PRACTICAL TRADING GUIDELINES. Eighty-Two Trading Rules and Market Observations. Index.
Toward rapid and iterative development of tangible, collaborative, distributed user interfaces (2013)

Distributed, tangible, collaborative applications involve potentially complex interactions of users, computing platforms, and physical artifacts. Realizing the necessary connections for these interactions can create hardware and software dependencies early in development, resulting in a system that is difficult to adapt to design changes. The Ensemble architecture is designed to encourage exploratory development of these systems by limiting the impact of changing components. Ensemble is a product of the exploratory design process it supports, evolving through use in two distinct application domains. The experience gained from these implementations has shaped Ensemble's structure and design priorities, resulting in a component-based architecture that includes: (i) an application framework and graphical user interface support; (ii) a service framework, including service publication and discovery; (iii) local and remote event handling; (iv) distributed user and resource coordination; and (v) a structured configuration language shared by all Ensemble components.
Thermally oxidized LPCVD silicon as gate dielectric on GaN (2009)

A two step gate dielectric deposition technique on GaN, viz. thermal oxidation of Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposited (LPCVD) silicon is reported. Current-Voltage (I-V) and Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) characterization of the Metal Insulator Semiconductor (MIS) capacitors are carried out to assess the interface properties. MIS devices with thermal oxide show improved I-V characteristics compared to those with Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited (PECVD) SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . However, Si deposition and oxidation schedule has to be carefully optimized to achieve high quality SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> on GaN.
Molecular decoding using luminescence from an entangled porous framework (2011)

Chemosensors detect a single target molecule from among several molecules, but cannot differentiate targets from one another. In this study, we report a molecular decoding strategy in which a single host domain accommodates a class of molecules and distinguishes between them with a corresponding readout. We synthesized the decoding host by embedding naphthalenediimide into the scaffold of an entangled porous framework that exhibited structural dynamics due to the dislocation of two chemically non-interconnected frameworks. An intense turn-on emission was observed on incorporation of a class of aromatic compounds, and the resulting luminescent colour was dependent on the chemical substituent of the aromatic guest. This unprecedented chemoresponsive, multicolour luminescence originates from an enhanced naphthalenediimide-aromatic guest interaction because of the induced-fit structural transformation of the entangled framework. We demonstrate that the cooperative structural transition in mesoscopic crystal domains results in a nonlinear sensor response to the guest concentration.
Spaceflight: The Development of Science, Surveillance, and Commerce in Space (2012)

To commemorate the centennial of the Proceedings of the IEEE, several authors from diverse areas of expertise examine space exploration from its beginnings in the middle of the last century and look onward to half a century in the future. Beginning by examining the reasons why the two 20th century superpowers believed that space exploration was an important investment, the chronological review of early developments includes discussions on science, commerce, and national security; the evolution of space-related technologies; progress and advancements in launch vehicles, spacecraft, and spacecraft payloads; and improvements in space communications and tracking. With the subjects of robotic solar system exploration and crewed missions to space discussed in some detail, the great advances of the last 60 years establish a foundation for addressing the challenges of future human flight beyond Earth's vicinity-challenges that are technical, political, social, and economic in nature. The authors take a pragmatic view in making forecasts for the future of spaceflight: they limit their conjecture, for the most part, to the next 50 years. While it is very difficult to make realistic predictions for longer periods, the authors are confident that space exploration continues to grasp the public's imagination and desire to know more about the universe, and that it continues to build on many of the same questions that inspired the space program in the mid-20th century.
The Regulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 Interaction by Autacoids and Statins: a Novel Strategy for Controlling Inflammation and Immune Responses (2003)

Histamine, prostaglandin E(2), and catecholamines have been demonstrated to regulate the innate and acquired immune responses. In this review, we describe one of the mechanisms common to the action of these agonists; the regulation of the expression of costimulatory adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and B7 antigens on monocytes/macrophages. The specific receptor subtypes involved in the action of each agonist were H(2) for histamine, EP(2)/EP(4) for prostaglandin E(2), and beta(2) for catecholamines, all of which are coupled with adenylate cyclase via Gs protein. The regulation of the expression of adhesion molecules by these agonists in turn leads to the modulation of subsequent cytokine production mediated by cell-cell interaction under different stimuli. Histamine is synthesized in monocytes and T cells by the induction of histidine decarboxylase. The inducible histamine has different dynamics from that in storage granules of mast cells and basophils. Also, noradrenaline appears to be synthesized in lymphocytes. Thus, immune cells can produce histamine, prostaglandins, and noradrenaline by themselves and modulate the cell-cell interaction between monocytes and other cells. Some of the inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase were shown to bind to the ICAM-1-binding domain of LFA-1, reducing the interaction mediated by ICAM-1/LFA-1. The regulation of interaction mediated by adhesion molecules may provide a new target for controlling inflammatory and immune responses.
Electrochemical polymerization of aniline and N-alkylanilines (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical polymerization of aniline and N-alkylanilinesAkira Watanabe, Kunio Mori, Atsushi Iwabuchi, Yasunori Iwasaki, Yoshiro Nakamura, and Osamu ItoCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 9, 3521–3525Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00199a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00199a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views779Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor T669 peptide kinase from 3T3-L1 cells is an EGF-stimulated "MAP" kinase. (1991)

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is both an activator and a target of growth factor-stimulated kinases involved in cellular signaling. Threonine-669 (T669) of the EGF receptor is phosphorylated in response to a wide variety of growth-modulating agents. MAP kinase is similarly phosphorylated as well as stimulated by growth activators, including EGF. To determine whether a MAP-type kinase is responsible for T669 kinase activity in EGF-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells, we partially purified and characterized the T669 peptide kinase. The results indicate that a MAP kinase phosphorylates the T669 peptide and raise the possibility that this enzyme may participate in a feedback loop, being activated by the EGF receptor and in turn phosphorylating the receptor.