gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CORRELATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL NUMBERS AND ORGANIC MATTER IN A FIELD SOIL (1957)

The numbers of bacteria, with actinomycetes, were found to be significantly correlated with organic matter in field plots treated annually with straw, and straw with phosphate, followed by the ploughed-in crop of each plot. The treatment with straw significantly increased the numbers of microorganisms as well as the organic matter content in the plots during 3 years.
Nonlinear polarization coupling and instabilities in single-mode liquid-cored optical fibers (1992)

Polarization coupling is demonstrated in a 0.1-m-long length of nitrobenzene-cored weakly birefringent single-mode optical fiber. Self-switching of the launched mode to the orthogonal polarization is observed at peak powers as low as 1 W. A total phase shift of at least 12pi was induced at a launched peak power of approximately 10 W. To our knowledge, this is the largest phase shift observed experimentally in any nonlinear waveguide at such a low power. The low transmission loss of nitrobenzene makes the device highly attractive for a variety of nonlinear switching applications.
A Method for Mobile Download Conversion Rate Measurement based on Device Fingerprinting (2013)

Users download mobile applications after being drawn to the application stores, including referrals from advertising campaigns on websites. To determine if a mobile application install originates from a specific campaign, mobile devices need to be uniquely identified before referral to the mobile application store and after a successful install. However, the mobile sandbox environment makes it impossible to exchange device identifiers between a mobile web browser and other mobile applications on the same device. This paper introduces an alternative approach that makes it possible to create identifiers based on measurable device characteristics. The proposed use of device fingerprinting allows to uniquely identify devices even across multiple mobile applications and regardless of the mobile operating system. The presented comparison algorithm is capable of finding two independently created identifiers that were measured on the same mobile device, which makes it possible to determine successful mobile application installs that originated from a specific website.
Exposure artifacts in raster scanned equalization radiography (1984)

The image artifacts characteristic of a scanning chest radiographic system are reviewed. The technique employs a pulsed beam of radiation swept in an overlapping raster pattern that can result in severe ripple and scan line artifacts with improper scanning parameters. A one-dimensional treatment of the scanner geometry shows that the artifacts can be eliminated when the beam width is an integral multiple of interpulse spacing. An extension to a two-dimensional analysis indicates that with the collimator geometries employed, artifact-free images are not possible with a fixed x-ray frequency but can be achieved when a variable frequency source is used. A treatment of the sensitivity for artifact formation shows that with proper choice of scanning parameters sizable errors in beam width can be tolerated without significant artifact formation.
Evaluation of Thyroid Function in Dogs by Hormone Analysis: Effects of Data on Biological Variation (1996)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate commercially available ELISA methods designed for the determination of total and unbound thyroxine (TT(4) and FT(4)) and total triiodothyronine (TT(3)) in human serum for their usefulness in evaluating thyroid function in dogs when data describing the biological variation were included in the characterization of the assays. The TT(3) analysis was evaluated with intraassay coefficients of variation (CV%) ranging between 12% and 20%, and interassay CV% ranging between 5 and 17% at naturally occurring TT(3) concentrations. At concentrations around the limit of detection (0.27 nmol/l) CV% was considerably higher (99%). The analysis exhibited a satisfying accuracy since the recovery of added TT(3) was not different from unity and since parallelism between the dose-response curve and plasma dilutions could be verified. Determination of TT(4), TT(3) and FT(4) in eight normal dogs during 4 weeks resulted in a significant variation between dogs and between weeks in the individual animals (p < 0.01 in all cases). From the inter- and intraindividual CV%, quality goals for the maximally allowed analytical variation could be computed to be 8.4, 10.0, and 10.1% for individual testing of animals, and 12.0, 12.9, and 15.8% for screening for diseased animals in healthy populations for TT(4), TT(3) and FT(4), respectively. A comparison between quality goals derived from the inter- and intraindividual CV% and the measured analytical CV% (4.0, 17.3, and 6.7%, respectively) evidenced that TT(4) and FT(4) analyses fulfilled the requirements for analytical precision, whereas the TT(3) analysis could not be accepted as an effective tool for the evaluation of thyroid function in dogs due to too high analytical variation.
Elasticity in extracellular matrix ‘shape modules’ of tendon, cartilage, etc. A sliding proteoglycan‐filament model (2003)

Connective tissues (CTs), which define bodily shape, must respond quickly, robustly and reversibly to deformations caused by internal and external stresses. Fibrillar (elastin, collagen) elasticity under tension depends on molecular and supramolecular mechanisms. A second intra-/inter-molecular pair, involving proteoglycans (PGs), is proposed to cope with compressive stresses. PG interfibrillar bridges ('shape modules'), supramolecular structures ubiquitously distributed throughout CT extracellular matrices (ECMs), are examined for potential elastic properties. L-iduronate residues in shape module decoran PGs are suggested to be molecular springs, cycling through alternative conformations. On a larger scale, anionic glycosaminoglycan (AGAG) interfibrillar bridges in shape modules are postulated to take part in a sliding filament (dashpot-like) process, which converts local compressions into disseminated tensile strains. The elasticity of fibrils and AGAGs, manifest at molecular and larger-scale levels, provides a graduated and smooth response to stresses of varying degrees. NMR and rheo NMR, computer modelling, electron histochemical, biophysical and chemical morphological evidence for the proposals is reviewed.
Isolation and Characterization of Cell-Specific cDNA Clones from a Subtractive Library of the Ocular Ciliary Body of a Single Normal Human Donor: Transcription and Synthesis of Plasma Proteins (1995)

A subtractive cDNA library was developed for the purpose of identifying cell-specific genes expressed within the human ocular ciliary body, a tissue responsible for regulating aqueous humor secretion and intraocular pressure. Partial DNA sequence of a large number of cDNA clones and homology searches of nucleic acid and protein databases revealed significant homologies to at least 90 independently known genes. A group of biologically significant genes that were previously not known to have transcriptional expression in the ciliary body, complement component C4; alpha 2 macroglobulin; selenoprotein-P; and apolipoprotein D, were further demonstrated by Northern hybridization. Antibodies to these and other proteins (i.e., tyrosinase-related protein and pigment epithelium-derived factor) confirmed their cell-restricted expression in ciliary epithelial cells (pigmented, nonpigmented), or vascular endothelial cells. We provide evidence that two human plasma proteins, complement component C4 and alpha 2-macroglobulin are metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine in ciliary processes explants, suggesting that the ciliary body is an organ of synthesis and secretion of plasma proteins present in aqueous humor. These results challenge the notion that plasma proteins in aqueous humor are imported from outside of the eye. The subtractive cDNA library reported in this work should be very useful for identifying potential candidate genes in ocular abnormalities affecting the ciliary body, or involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure.
Resonant-Tunneling Transmission-Line Relaxation Oscillator (1993)

A new type of resonant-tunneling oscillator is analyzed that does not require dc bias stability in the negative-differential-resistance region. The oscillator consists of a resonant-tunneling diode coupled to a transmission line in such a way that repetitive switching of the diode occurs across the negative-resistance region. The output waveform consists of a sequence of pulses having a repetition rate determined by the electrical delay of the transmission line and a pulse width determined by the switching time of the diode. When the electrical delay is comparable to the switching time, the output is quasi-sinusoidal. Numerical simulations with a prototype resonant-tunneling diode yield a maximum repetition rate of 192 GHz and a pulse width of 2 ps.
Some platinum(II) complexes derived from aromatic alkynes (2002)

Abstract Several trans ‐platinum(II) complexes, of the type R′{Pt(PBu 3 ) 2 }R″{Pt(PR 3 ) 2 }R′, where R′ and R″ are groups derived from a series of aromatic alkynes and diynes, have been prepared and characterized. Extensive spectroscopic data for these and other known related complexes are presented. A more precise structural study of trans ‐Pt(C≡CC 6 H 4 C≡CPh) 2 (PBu 3 ) 2 (cf. Z. Kristallogr . 1998; 213: 483) is reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Moisturizers on Skin Susceptibility to Irritants (2001)

Moisturizers are used for the treatment of dry and irritated skin. The benefit of moisturizers when used on normal skin has recently been challenged, since an earlier study indicated that the increased hydration that follows long-term use of moisturizers on normal skin may facilitate penetration of irritants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate short-term use of 2 different moisturizers used on normal skin: cream A (high lipid content) and B (moderate/low lipid content). Nineteen healthy volunteers applied the moisturizers on the upper arm/forearm 3 times daily for 5 days, while the other upper arm/forearm served as symmetrical control. The day after moisturizer treatment was stopped the skin was challenged with a patch test of sodium lauryl sulphate. Skin reactions were evaluated by bioengineering measuring methods and clinical scoring. Skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate was increased on moisturizer-treated arms compared to controls for one of the moisturizer (cream A), while this was not statistically significant for the other moisturizer (cream B). Data confirm previous indications that some moisturizers when used on normal skin may increase skin susceptibility to irritants.
The effects of histone H4 tail acetylations on cation-induced chromatin folding and self-association (2010)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind regulation of chromatin folding through covalent modifications of the histone N-terminal tails is hampered by a lack of accessible chromatin containing precisely modified histones. We study the internal folding and intermolecular self-association of a chromatin system consisting of saturated 12-mer nucleosome arrays containing various combinations of completely acetylated lysines at positions 5, 8, 12 and 16 of histone H4, induced by the cations Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), cobalt-hexammine(3+), spermidine(3+) and spermine(4+). Histones were prepared using a novel semi-synthetic approach with native chemical ligation. Acetylation of H4-K16, but not its glutamine mutation, drastically reduces cation-induced folding of the array. Neither acetylations nor mutations of all the sites K5, K8 and K12 can induce a similar degree of array unfolding. The ubiquitous K(+), (as well as Rb(+) and Cs(+)) showed an unfolding effect on unmodified arrays almost similar to that of H4-K16 acetylation. We propose that K(+) (and Rb(+)/Cs(+)) binding to a site on the H2B histone (R96-L99) disrupts H4K16 ε-amino group binding to this specific site, thereby deranging H4 tail-mediated nucleosome-nucleosome stacking and that a similar mechanism operates in the case of H4-K16 acetylation. Inter-array self-association follows electrostatic behavior and is largely insensitive to the position or nature of the H4 tail charge modification.
Involvement of the IRF family transcription factor IRF‐3 in virus‐induced activation of the <i>IFN‐β</i> gene (1998)

The virus-induced activation of interferon alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) gene transcription is essential for host defense. The IFN-beta promoter is controlled primarily by the virus-inducible enhancer elements, the IRF-Es. Here we show that IRF-3, an IRF family transcription factor, translocates to the nucleus from the cytoplasm upon virus infection in NIH/3T3 cells. The nuclear IRF-3 is phosphorylated, interacts with the co-activators CBP/p300, and binds specifically to the IFN-beta IRF-E. Furthermore, overexpression of IRF-3 causes a marked increase in virus-induced IFN-beta mRNA expression. Thus, IRF-3 is a candidate transcription factor mediating the activation of the IFN-beta gene.
RNA Amplification Strategies for cDNA Microarray Experiments (2003)

The biological materials available for cDNA microarray studies are often limiting. Thus, protocols have been developed to amplify RNAs isolated from limited amounts of tissues or cells. RNA amplification by in vitro transcription is the most widely used among the available amplification protocols. Two means of generating a dsDNA template for the RNA polymerase are a combination of reverse transcription with conventional second-strand cDNA synthesis and a combination of the switch mechanism at the 5' end of RNA templates (SMART) with reverse transcription, followed by PCR. To date, there has been no systematic comparison of the efficiency of the two amplification strategies. In this study, we performed and analyzed a set of six microarray experiments involving the use of a "regular" (unamplified) microarray experimental protocol and two different RNA amplification protocols. Based on their ability to identify differentially expressed genes and assuming that the results from the regular protocol are correct, our analyses demonstrated that both amplification protocols achieved reproducible and reliable results. From the same amount of starting material, our results also indicated that more amplified RNA can be obtained using conventional second-strand cDNA synthesis than from the combination of SMART and PCR. When the critical issue is the amount of starting RNA, we recommend the conventional second-strand cDNA synthesis as the preferred amplification method.
Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post‐weaning diarrhoea without using in‐feed antimicrobial compounds (2012)

For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used to promote piglet growth at weaning through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. There are, however, increasing concerns in relation to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the potential of these and associated resistance genes to impact on human health. As a consequence, European Union (EU) banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in swine and livestock production on 1 January 2006. Furthermore, minerals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are not feasible alternatives/replacements to antibiotics because their excretion is a possible threat to the environment. Consequently, there is a need to develop feeding programs to serve as a means for controlling problems associated with the weaning transition without using antimicrobial compounds. This review, therefore, is focused on some of nutritional strategies that are known to improve structure and function of gastrointestinal tract and (or) promote post-weaning growth with special emphasis on probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, trace minerals and dietary protein source and level.
A novel polydnavirus protein inhibits the insect prophenoloxidase activation pathway (2007)

Pathogens often suppress the melanization response of host insects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we report that Microplitis demolitor bracovirus (MdBV) carried by the wasp M. demolitor produces a protein, Egf1.0, which inhibits the phenoloxidase (PO) cascade. Egf1.0 belongs to a larger gene family that shares a cysteine-rich motif with similarities to the trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL) domains of small serine proteinase inhibitors (smapins). Gain-of-function and RNAi experiments indicated that the Egf genes are the only MdBV-encoded factors responsible for disabling the insect melanization response. Known smapins bind target proteinases in a substrate-like fashion and are cleaved at a single reactive site bond. The P1-P1' position for Egf1.0 has the sequence Arg-Phe, which suggested that its target proteinase is a prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase (PAP). Wild-type Egf1.0 inhibited PAP-3 from Manduca sexta, whereas Egf1.0(R51A), whose reactive-site arginine was replaced with an alanine, had no PAP-3 inhibitory activity. Other experiments using wild-type and mutant constructs indicated that Egf1.0 blocks activation of the PO cascade via PAP inhibition. Overall, our results identify a novel inhibitor of the PO cascade and indicate that suppression of the host melanization response is functionally important for both the virus and its associated wasp.
Classical simulation of noninteracting-fermion quantum circuits (2002)

We show that a class of quantum computations that was recently shown to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer by Valiant [in Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing (2001), p. 114] corresponds to a physical model of noninteracting fermions in one dimension. We give an alternative proof of his result using the language of fermions and extend the result to noninteracting fermions with arbitrary pairwise interactions, where gates can be conditioned on outcomes of complete von Neumann measurements in the computational basis on other fermionic modes in the circuit. This last result is in remarkable contrast with the case of noninteracting bosons where universal quantum computation can be achieved by allowing gates to be conditioned on classical bits [E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. Milburn, Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)].
Unusual substituent effect on a palladium-mediated cyclization: a total synthesis of (.+-.)-sterepolide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual substituent effect on a palladium-mediated cyclization: a total synthesis of (.+-.)-sterepolideBarry M. Trost and John Y. L. ChungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 15, 4586–4588Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00301a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00301a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views981Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bilateral trigeminal neuralgia: a 14-year experience with microvascular decompression (1988)

Thirty-five patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) bilaterally underwent posterior fossa microvascular decompression (MVD) between 1971 and 1984. They comprised 5.0% of a larger series of 699 patients with TN who underwent MVD during that interval. Compared to the subgroup of 664 patients with only unilateral symptoms, the population with bilateral TN included a greater percentage of females (74% vs. 58%, p less than 0.1), a higher rate of "familial" TN (17% vs. 4.1%, p less than 0.001), and an increased incidence of additional cranial nerve dysfunction (17% vs. 6.6%, p less than 0.05) and hypertension (34% vs. 19%, p less than 0.05). Of the 35 patients with bilateral TN, 10 underwent bilateral MVD (22 procedures) and 25 underwent unilateral MVD (30 procedures). In the latter patients, pain on the nonoperative side was well controlled with medication alone or had previously been treated by ablative procedures. Good or excellent pain control was achieved after one MVD was performed in 40 of the 45 sides treated (89%), and was maintained 1, 5, and 10 years after surgery in 82%, 66%, and 60%, respectively, based on life-table analysis. Six of 10 patients with recurrent symptoms underwent repeat unilateral MVD. Good or excellent long-term pain control was maintained in all six. With these repeat procedures included, symptom control at 1, 5, and 10 years after initial surgery was maintained in 87%, 78%, and 78% of the treated sides, respectively. Overall, 26 of 35 patients (74%) maintained good or excellent pain relief throughout the duration of the study (mean follow-up period 75 months) without resumption of regular medication usage. Although preoperative neurological deficits resulting from previous ablative procedures were seen in the majority of patients before MVD, no patient developed new major trigeminal sensory loss or masseter weakness after MVD. Operative mortality was zero. The results indicate that posterior fossa MVD is an effective and relatively safe treatment for the majority of patients with bilateral "idiopathic" TN, avoiding the risks of bilateral trigeminal nerve injury seen with other approaches.
Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Periostin by Wnt-3 in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells (2000)

Wnt family members are critical in developmental processes and have been shown to promote carcinogenesis when ectopically expressed in the mouse mammary gland. The gene expression pattern mediated by Wnt is pivotal for these diverse responses. The Wnt pathway has been conserved among different species. Genetic studies have shown that Wnt effects are mediated, at least in part, by beta-catenin, which regulates transcription of "downstream genes." Wnt stimulation inactivates glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3) with subsequent stabilization of beta-catenin, which after heterodimerizing with lymphocyte enhancer factor-1/T-cell factor cofactors stimulates transcription. To establish whether Wnt-stimulated transcription is mediated solely by beta-catenin, a comparison was made of gene expression profiles in response to Wnt-3, overexpression of beta-catenin, and inhibition of GSK-3. Infection of cells with Wnt-3 and inhibition of GSK-3 regulate a set of genes that include cyclooxygenase-2 and periostin. Interestingly, overexpression of beta-catenin or reducing beta-catenin levels with antisense oligonucleotide transfection did not have any effect on cyclooxygenase-2 or periostin expression, thereby defining a Wnt pathway, which cannot be mimicked by beta-catenin overexpression.