gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rational design of viscosity reducing mutants of a monoclonal antibody: Hydrophobic <i>versus</i> electrostatic inter-molecular interactions (2015)

High viscosity of monoclonal antibody formulations at concentrations ≥100 mg/mL can impede their development as products suitable for subcutaneous delivery. The effects of hydrophobic and electrostatic intermolecular interactions on the solution behavior of MAB 1, which becomes unacceptably viscous at high concentrations, was studied by testing 5 single point mutants. The mutations were designed to reduce viscosity by disrupting either an aggregation prone region (APR), which also participates in 2 hydrophobic surface patches, or a negatively charged surface patch in the variable region. The disruption of an APR that lies at the interface of light and heavy chain variable domains, VH and VL, via L45K mutation destabilized MAB 1 and abolished antigen binding. However, mutation at the preceding residue (V44K), which also lies in the same APR, increased apparent solubility and reduced viscosity of MAB 1 without sacrificing antigen binding or thermal stability. Neutralizing the negatively charged surface patch (E59Y) also increased apparent solubility and reduced viscosity of MAB 1, but charge reversal at the same position (E59K/R) caused destabilization, decreased solubility and led to difficulties in sample manipulation that precluded their viscosity measurements at high concentrations. Both V44K and E59Y mutations showed similar increase in apparent solubility. However, the viscosity profile of E59Y was considerably better than that of the V44K, providing evidence that inter-molecular interactions in MAB 1 are electrostatically driven. In conclusion, neutralizing negatively charged surface patches may be more beneficial toward reducing viscosity of highly concentrated antibody solutions than charge reversal or aggregation prone motif disruption.
The use of digital filters in enhancing the fetal electrocardiogram (1981)

The use of a low pass digital filter (implemented as a software routine upon a minicomputer) to enhance repetitive biological signals immersed in low frequency noise is described. The method by which a digital filter can emulate a hardware moving window averaging process is outlined. The results of applying such a filter to the enhancement of the fetal electrocardiogram are presented. The criteria used in setting up the filter are also discussed.
Photogrammetric solftware for the LH Systems ADS40 Airborne Digital Sensors (2000)

Airborne linear array sensors present new challenges for photogrammetric software. The push-broom nature of these sensor systems has the potential for very high quality images, but these are heavily influenced by the dynamics of the aircraft during acquisition. Fortunately, highly precise position and attitude measurements have become possible, using today's inertial measuring units (IMUs). This allows image restoration to the sub-pixel level. The sensor discussed in detail here is a three-line camera with additional multispectral lines. The three lines are one looking forward, one in the nadir position and one looking backward with respect to the flight path. Extensive software processes are necessary to produce traditional photogrammetric products from a push-broom airborne sensor. The first steps of the ground processing flow are off-loading imagery and supporting data from the mass memory system of the sensor, post-processing of GPS/IMU data and image rectification into stereo-viewable and matchable form. After this processing, the images can be used similarly to classical aerial photography. This includes semi-automated triangulation with and without ground control, DTM production from multiple stereo views, vector extraction in mono and stereo, and orthophoto and mosaic production. The paper analyses the differences to classical photogrammetric processing for all processing steps and closes with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this new type of photogrammetric imagery.
Prix des matières premières et progrès économique. (1973)

Le présent article concerne l'étude du rapport existant entre prix et progrès en ce qui concerne les matières premières.
Engineering Optical and Electronic Properties of WS<sub>2</sub> by Varying the Number of Layers (2015)

The optical constants, bandgaps, and band alignments of mono-, bi-, and trilayer WS2 were experimentally measured, and an extraordinarily high dependency on the number of layers was revealed. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients were extracted from the optical-contrast oscillation for various thicknesses of SiO2 on a Si substrate. The bandgaps of the few-layer WS2 were both optically and electrically measured, indicating high exciton-binding energies. The Schottky-barrier heights (SBHs) with Au/Cr contact were also extracted, depending on the number of layers (1-28). From an engineering viewpoint, the bandgap can be modulated from 3.49 to 2.71 eV with additional layers. The SBH can also be reduced from 0.37 eV for a monolayer to 0.17 eV for 28 layers. The technique of engineering materials' properties by modulating the number of layers opens pathways uniquely adaptable to transition-metal dichalcogenides.
Action of Alkali and Alkali‐Vanadium Oxide Slags on Alumina‐SiIica Refractories (1962)

A series of alumina‐silica specimens ranging from pure alumina to pure silica was prepared. The specimens were then crushed and mixed with either sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate and vanadium pentoxide. The mixtures were pressed into cylinders which were heated at temperatures between 800°C and either 1700° C or the melting point. Changes in dimensions were noted and the reaction products were studied by X‐ray diffraction. Some of the specimens showed large volume expansions associated with the formation of sodium alumi‐nate. Reaction products detected included al‐bite, nepheline, and the mineral jadeite.
A 8 Gbps 0.67mW 1 tap current integrating DFE in 40nm CMOS (2014)

This paper describes the implementation issues in designing a 1 tap current integrating half rate decision feedback equalizer. We introduce a new technique for designing an 8Gbps 1 tap half rate current integrating DFE in 40nm CMOS technology that draws 0.67mW from a 1.1V supply. The technique uses a delayed clock rather than speculation. This removes the speculation impact on power consumption and timing constraints especially in multi tap DFE.
GUI for interactive speech synthesis (2016)

The high quality speech synthesis is part of our everyday lives because it is present in many applications. The focus of this paper is on the creation of synthesized speech together with interactive user interface, where user can manage the final quality of synthesized speech. The user interface communicates with the server where are running and managed all available modules of speech synthesis. The whole communications is managed by control module and the XML protocol is used.
An object‐oriented interface for the dynamic memory management of sparse discrete mathematical operators in numerical scientific applications (2002)

Abstract This paper describes an object‐oriented interface for the memory management of sparse discrete mathematical operators in numerical scientific applications. The basic data structure we propose is intended to implement and cope with mathematical vectors in sparse format. This structure allows an effective implementation of more complex data structures, such as matrix and matrix‐like objects, to represent the discrete version of differential operators in numerical application codes. A research example concerning adaptive wavelet algorithms illustrates the possible applications.Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High levels of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells with restricted functionality in severe courses of COVID-19 (2020)

BACKGROUNDPatients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) differ in the severity of disease. We hypothesized that characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity correlate with disease severity.METHODSIn this study, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and antibodies were characterized in uninfected controls and patients with different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were flow cytometrically quantified after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools and analyzed for expression of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and markers for activation, proliferation, and functional anergy. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were quantified using ELISA. Moreover, global characteristics of lymphocyte subpopulations were compared between patient groups and uninfected controls.RESULTSDespite severe lymphopenia affecting all major lymphocyte subpopulations, patients with severe disease mounted significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells as compared with convalescent individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells dominated over CD8+ T cells and closely correlated with the number of plasmablasts and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG levels. Unlike in convalescent patients, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in patients with severe disease showed marked alterations in phenotypical and functional properties, which also extended to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in general.CONCLUSIONGiven the strong induction of specific immunity to control viral replication in patients with severe disease, the functionally altered characteristics may result from the need for contraction of specific and general immunity to counteract excessive immunopathology in the lung.FUNDINGThe study was supported by institutional funds to MS and in part by grants of Saarland University, the State of Saarland, and the Rolf M. Schwiete Stiftung.
Freshwater pearl culture in India (1997)

Freshwater pearl culture is growing as a source of employment and income in many Southeast Asian countries. Bangladesh, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam have initiated freshwater pearl culture projects in recent years. In India, the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture is carrying out research on identification of suitable local pearl mussel species (Genera Lamellidens)defining appropriate surgical implantation procedures, developing post-operative care procedures and captive pond culture of mussels.
VITAMIN A AS AN ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENT (1928)

Xm J;oU UNA2 looked suspicious, but were not swollen; no suggestion of atrophy.
STED microscopy with a supercontinuum laser source (2008)

We report on a straightforward yet powerful implementation of stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence microscopy providing subdiffraction resolution in the far-field. Utilizing the same super-continuum pulsed laser source both for excitation and STED, this implementation of STED microscopy avoids elaborate preparations of laser pulses and conveniently provides multicolor imaging. Operating at pulse repetition rates around 1 MHz, it also affords reduced photobleaching rates by allowing the fluorophore to relax from excitable metastable dark states involved in photodegradation. The imaging of dense nanoparticles and of the microtubular network of mammalian cells evidences a spatial resolution of 30-50 nm in the focal plane, i.e. by a factor of 8-9 beyond the diffraction barrier.
Processor-Based Built-in Self-Optimizer for 90nm Diode-Switch PRAM (2007)

A PRAM includes 8 b embedded RISC to generate the optimized internal timing and voltage parameters to control the variations of the cell resistances. The PRAM blocks with small margin window of cell resistances are detected, analyzed and controlled by processor-based built-in self-optimizer (BISO). A 4 Mb test PRAM is fabricated in a 90 nm 3-metal diode-switch PRAM cell technology. Measured margin increases by up to 221%.
Angle cleaving optical fibers using a CO<inf>2</inf> laser (2010)

A CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser at λ = 9.3 μm was used to cleave optical fibers at a given angle. The defects that might occur during the process are explained and resolved. The good surface quality obtained on the cleaved surface is demonstrated by SEM and AFM images.
Responses of Albino and Hooded Rats to Various Illumination Choices in a Six-Chambered Alleyway (1985)

To determine preferred illumination when multiple choices were simultaneously available, 10 different levels of illuminance (including darkness) were grouped into three overlapping ranges, each composed of six different choices. Subjects were permitted to move freely among six chambers in an enclosed alleyway for 48 continuous hours. Entries and duration in each of the chambers served as the dependent variables. Five groups of seven animals each were tested. Hooded rats preferred darkness, 0.01 ft-c (0.11 lx) and 20 ft-c (215.2 lx) about equally; each albino group preferred the dimmest available illuminated choice, viz., 0.01 ft-c (0.11 lx), 0.1 ft-c (1.08 lx), and 1.0 ft-c (10.76 lx); control rats distributed their time equally among all chambers. Activity of all groups reflected a typical circadian rhythm. These relative preferences for illumination contrast with absolute preference previously reported and perhaps reflect methodological differences.
Multiple model adaptive control of a large flexible space structure with purposeful dither for enhanced identifiability (2002)

Dithering techniques for enhancing uncertain parameter identification with moving-bank multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) and control (MMAC) algorithms are analyzed. The dithering techniques and multiple-model adaptive algorithms are applied to the SPICE 2 flexible space structure. The dithering techniques studied include purposefully constructed square wave, sine wave and wideband noise wave forms. The impact of purposeful rigid-body slew commands on exciting the structure's flexible bending modes is also investigated. Dither inputs into the structure are performed in an effort to enhance the open-loop identifiability of the uncertain parameter, namely a scalar multiplier on the undamped natural frequencies of the flexible bending modes. Correct identification of this parameter enables the MMAE and MMAC algorithms to quell any vibrations induced into the structure, in the face of varying parameter values. The results studied indicate that purposefully constructed dither signals enhance parameter identification significantly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CKD stage-to-stage progression in native and transplant kidney disease (2007)

Kidney half-lives per stage of CKD may be a novel tool to examine disease progression.
Antitumor agents. IV. Structure of tulipinolide and epitulipinolide. Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Liriodendron tulipifera L (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntitumor agents. IV. Structure of tulipinolide and epitulipinolide. Cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Liriodendron tulipifera LRaymond W. Doskotch and Farouk S. El-FeralyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 6, 1928–1936Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00831a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00831a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impedance matching and tuning of non-resonant mobile terminal antennas (2013)

The volume reserved for antennas in a mobile handset is very limited. Furthermore, the laws of physics state that the efficiency and/or the bandwidth of a small antenna are also limited. Despite this fact, the antennas of the future mobile terminals should operate efficiently at increasingly many frequency bands. This doctoral thesis contributes to solving some of the main challenges arising from the theoretical and practical limitations of handset antennas.\nNon-resonant capacitive coupling element (CCE) based antennas are an attractive option for future mobile handsets, having many useful characteristics such as compact size and broad frequency tunability. A circuit model improving the physical understanding of the operation of a capacitive coupling element antenna is developed in the thesis work. This work also advances the usability of CCE antennas by developing impedance matching and tuning solutions as enablers of future mobile communication systems, including software defined radio. The properties of non-self-resonant antennas are utilized in developing novel multi-band antennas for mobile terminals. A method for implementing simultaneous multi-band operation of single-element CCE antennas is developed, based on a novel diplexing impedance matching circuit and a distributed CCE feeding structure. The realized prototypes operate at 4th generation mobile communication system (LTE-A) frequency bands 698—960 MHz and 1710—2690 MHz, reaching state-of-the-art performance. This versatile CCE structure is shown to operate equally well with single- or dual-feed RF front-end interfaces. Broadband tunable antenna prototypes are realized as a proof of concept regarding CCE tunability. Also design rules for avoiding excess losses and nonlinearity in tuning circuits are given, based on numerical and experimental analyses.\nAn antenna in a mobile terminal is also subject to electromagnetic interaction with the user of the handset. This interaction deteriorates the operation of the antenna through absorption of power and detuning of the antenna impedance. In this work, methods for avoiding the impedance detuning are developed. CCE geometry design and antenna selection diversity areshown to decrease the impedance mismatch and improve radiation efficiency by up to 4 dB in total in the case of some typical hand grips. Also matching circuits that result in improved robustness against the mistuning are studied and developed.
Fast hierarchical process variability analysis and parametric test development for analog/RF circuits (2006)

The test development efforts for analog/RF circuits in computer systems today are disproportionately high due to the lack of widely accepted automation methods. The evaluation of a particular test input and measurement set-up requires the determination of the probabilistic detection of all faults in the circuit. This evaluation step is the most time consuming step during analog test development. Based on the observation that test evaluation requires injecting many parametric deviations into the circuit and analyzing the masking effect of process variations, we develop a hierarchical process variability analysis technique for analog/RF circuits that is specifically geared towards information re-use. We also present a heuristic test selection methodology that aims at providing the same coverage level as the full specification measurements while reducing the test time as well as reliance on hard-to-measure parameters. Experimental results on a differential amplifier circuit confirm the high accuracy of our variance analysis technique and show a 57% reduction in the number of tests after the application of the test selection algorithm.
Magnetic Resonance in Ferrites (1956)

Ferromagnetic resonance in ferrites is reviewed. The concept of tensor permeability, the influence of magnetic anisotropy, demagnetizing fields, and damping mechanisms are discussed. Special consideration is given to coupled magnetic systems and the behavior in ferrites with compensation points. The general theoretical results are compared with a few illustrative examples. The behavior in polycrystalline material, g-value, line width, and anisotropy as a function of temperature and external magnetic field are outlined.
A novel rate-based macroblock classification for fast mode decision in H.264 video coding (2011)

In this paper, a novel rate-based macroblock classification is proposed for fast mode decision in H.264 video coding standard. The main idea is to classify each macroblock into simple motion or complex motion contents based on the Inter16×16 mode's residue block bit-rate and then according to the classification different mode searching orders with distinct early termination schemes are employed. This new algorithm is very simple for both hardware and software implementations without extra computational module. To speedup the intra mode decision, a new fast Intra 4×4 mode selection algorithm is also proposed by choosing most likely modes using the low complexity SATD cost as screening function. It is demonstrated by experimental results that the proposed rate-based fast algorithm can reduce 47% to 65% of the H.264 total encoding time with negligible degradation in the rate-distortion performance. While the rate-based algorithm combined with the fast intra mode selection method could further speedup 5% to 10% of the encoding time with only little rate-distortion degradation.
Gel Electrolyte for Solid‐State Electrochromic Cell (1992)

The preparation, the electrical and rheological properties as well as the electrochemical behavior of gel electrolytes made of (PC) electrolyte mixed with poly(methylmethacrylate) polymer (PMMA) as a stiffener are described. The addition of PMMA in various proportions to (M)‐PC electrolyte considerably increases the viscosity to reach for large amounts of PMMA, a solid rubber‐like material. On the other hand the conductivities at room temperature of these gels decrease very slightly and remain very close to the conductivity of the liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the electrochemical study of these materials shows a stability domain on Pt electrode between −3.55 V and +1 V (vs.Ag/Ag+). They behave like a liquid electrolyte. Differential scanning calorimetric data establish the thermal stability of these gels between −110 and +240°C after heat‐treatment and between −90 and +160°C before heat‐treatment. These results indicate that this type of electrolyte which is transparent in thin films is very promising for the realization of solid‐state electrochromic windows.
Vibration Characteristics of Cardboard Inserts in Shells (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A study has been conducted to determine the noise and vibration effect of inserting a cardboard liner into a thin, circular cross-sectioned, cylindrical shell. The relevance of such a study is to improve the understanding of the effects when a cardboard liner is used in a propeller shaft for noise and vibration control purposes. It is found from the study that the liner adds significant modal stiffness, while an increase in modal mass is also observed for a particular shell type of mode. Further, the study has shown that the additional modal damping provided by the liner is not appropriately modeled by Coulomb friction damping, a damping model often intuitively associated with cardboard materials. Rather, the damping is best modeled as proportional viscous damping.</div>