gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Acarbose. VI The Synthesis of a Hydroxylated Derivative of a Diastereoisomer of Acarbose (1997)

A glycosyl bromide derived from an N linked carba disaccharide has been converted into a phenyl thioglycoside and condensed with benzyl 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexa- O -benzyl-ß-cellobioside to give an N -linked carba tetrasaccharide. Complete removal of protecting groups then gave the 6''-hydroxylated derivative of ß-acarbose, coined ‘ß-adiposin-2’, a putative inhibitor of enzymes that process ß-D-glucosidic linkages.
FAD-independent and Herbicide-resistant Mutants of Tobacco Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase (2005)

Acetohydroxy acid synthase catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids. AHAS plays two distinct metabolic roles, and is designated as anabolic AHAS and catabolic AHAS, depending on its function. Anabolic AHAS is FAD-dependent, while its catabolic counterpart is not. In this work, a conserved motif was identified in the <TEX>$\beta$</TEX>-domain of anabolic AHASs, but not in catabolic AHAS (<TEX>$_{372}RFDDR_{376}$</TEX>). In order to determine the functions of this motif, we replaced the motif with the corresponding sequence in FAD-independent AHAS, SPVEY. None of these three mutants (SPV, SPVE, and SPVEY) was detected with bound FAD. However, two of these mutants (SPVE and SPVEY) were active at a low level of specific activity. Although they exhibited pyruvate- and ThDP- dependent characteristics, the activity of the two active mutants appears to be FAD-independent. The SPVEY mutant was completely insensitive to the three tested herbicides, even at extremely high concentrations and is also somewhat more thermolabile than the wild type enzyme. The data provided in this work suggest that the RFDDR motif is a possible determinant of the FAD-dependent and herbicide-resistant properties of tobacco AHAS. The SPVEY mutant appears to exhibit catabolic AHAS-like activity.
A*Prune: an algorithm for finding K shortest paths subject to multiple constraints (2002)

We present a new algorithm, A*Prune, to list (in order of increasing length) the first K multiple-constrained-shortest-path (KMCSP) between a given pair of nodes in a digraph in which each are is associated with multiple quality of-service (QoS) metrics. The algorithm constructs paths starting at the source and going towards the destination. But, at each iteration, the algorithm gets rid of all paths that are guaranteed to violate the constraints, thereby keeping only those partial paths that have the potential to be turned into feasible paths, from which the optimal paths are drawn. The choice of which path to be extended first and which path can be pruned depend upon a projected path cost function, which is obtained by adding the cost already incurred to get to an intermediate node to an admissible cost to go the remaining distance to the destination. The Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm is a good choice to give a good admissible cost. Experimental results show that A*Prune is comparable to the current best known /spl epsiv/-approximate algorithms for most of randomly generated graphs, BA*Prune, which combines the A*Prune with any known polynomial time /spl epsiv/-approximate algorithms to give either optimal or /spl epsiv/-approximate solutions to the KMCSP problem, is also presented.
Low-voltage CMOS op-amp with rail-to-rail input and output signal swing for continuous-time signal processing using multiple-input floating-gate transistors (2001)

A scheme for low-voltage CMOS op-amp operation with rail-to-rail input and output signal swing and constant g/sub m/ is presented. Single-ended and fully differential versions are discussed. The scheme is based on the use of multiple-input floating-gate transistors and allows direct implementation of linear weighted addition of continuous-time signals. Simulations are presented that verify the scheme operating with a 1.2-V single supply, 1.2-V input and output solving, 5-MHz op-amp gain-bandwidth product, and a 192-/spl mu/W power dissipation with a 50-pF load and 300/spl times/300 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ silicon area. These results are obtained for 0.85-V transistor threshold voltages. Experimental results are shown that verify the correct functionality of the proposed approach.
A newly identified locus for Usher syndrome type I, USH1E, maps to chromosome 21q21 (1997)

Usher syndrome (USH) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by congenital hearing loss combined with retinitis pigmentosa. This dual sensorineural deficiency is transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode. Usher syndrome type I (USH1) is the most severe form. Four loci responsible for USH1 (USH1A, 1B, 1C and 1D) have previously been mapped, among which only the USH1B gene has been cloned. Using homozygosity mapping in a consanguineous family from Morocco, we identified a novel locus for USH1, USH1E, mapping to chromosome band 21q21. The delimited 15 cM interval is flanked by the loci D21S1905 and D21S1913. Subsequent segregation analysis of two families affected by USH1, in which the A, B, C and D loci had been excluded, also excluded the involvement of the USH1E locus, therefore indicating the existence of at least one more locus for USH1.
A 1mW delta–sigma ADC with fully integrated baseband module for GSM application (1999)

A baseband analogue module LSI with TDMA controller has been developed for GSM application. This paper presents an ADC for the receive path for which low power consumption was the main design requirement. The current mode delta-sigma ADC with multi-bit feedback was adopted. Generating the reference voltages for the comparators by current integration, the ADC steadily achieved high resolution and low power 1-mW dissipation. This chip was implemented in a 0.35µm CMOS process.
Reset noise reduction in capacitive sensors (2006)

Reset noise sets a fundamental detection limit on capacitive sensors. Many sensing circuits depend on accumulating charge on a capacitor as the sensing method. Reset noise is the noise that occurs when the capacitor is reset prior to the charge accumulation cycle. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors which determine reset noise, and how this noise may be mitigated. The purpose of this paper is to show how capacitive reset noise can be reduced during the reset cycle. We present and analyze three circuits that implement the basic methods for directly reducing capacitive reset noise. In addition, we present a time-domain technique for analyzing the time-varying statistics of these circuits. This technique makes use of Itocirc calculus to obtain solutions to the time-varying stochastic differential equations. Theoretical noise calculations and Monte Carlo simulation results are presented for each technique. We show that theory and simulation yield similar results. Finally, we show in the examples that reset noise may be reduced by a factor of 20 or more. We also refer to implemented sensor arrays which achieve these results
Updated Environmental Control System for the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A small team of NASA engineers continues to work on development of the X-38 Experimental Crew Return Vehicle (CRV). The project has continued to take incremental steps, by building and conducting atmospheric flight tests on a series of increasingly-complex vehicles. The project culminates with fabrication and flight test of a space vehicle (designated as V-201), with a projected flight as a space shuttle payload in late 2000 or 2001.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The emphasis for this paper will be to discuss the current status of the X-38 project, describe in further detail the vehicle-level requirements and design approach, discuss the Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system-level requirements and design, recent system updates, and assembly and component-level details. Additionally, data will be presented from the most relevant analyses and tests which have been used to validate the system design and component selections</div></div>
Modelling and rapid simulation of multiple red blood cell light scattering (2006)

The goal of this work is to develop a computational framework to rapidly simulate the light scattering response of multiple red blood cells. Because the wavelength of visible light (3.8 x 10(-7) m < or = lambda < or = 7.2 x 10(-7) m) is approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the diameter of a typical red blood cell scatterer (d approximately 8 x 10(-6) m), geometric ray-tracing theory is applicable, and can be used to quickly ascertain the amount of optical energy, characterized by the Poynting vector, that is reflected and absorbed by multiple red blood cells. The overall objective is to provide a straightforward approach that can be easily implemented by researchers in the field, using standard desktop computers. Three-dimensional examples are given to illustrate the approach and the results compare quite closely to experiments on blood samples conducted at the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI).
Effectiveness of conventional and hydrosurgical debridement methods in reducing <i> <scp>S</scp> taphylococcus aureus </i> inoculation of equine muscle <i>in vitro</i> (2014)

Hydrosurgical debridement reduces the S. aureus load from in vitro contaminated equine muscle significantly more than conventional debridement methods.
CodeBricks (2003)

We present a framework for code generation that allows programs to manipulate and generate code at the source level while the joining and splicing of executable code is carried out automatically at the intermediate code/VM level. The framework introduces a data type Code to represent code fragments: methods/operators from this class are used to reify a method from a class, producing its representation as an object of type Code. Code objects can be combined by partial application to other Code objects. Code combinators, corresponding to higher-order methods, allow splicing the code of a functional actual parameter into the resulting Code object. CodeBricks is a library implementing the framework for the .NET Common Language Runtime. The framework can be exploited by language designers to implement metaprogramming, multistage programming and other language features. We illustrate the use of the technique in the implementation of a fully featured regular expression compiler that generates code emulating a finite state automaton. We present benchmarks comparing the performance of the RE matcher built with CodeBricks with the hand written one present in .NET.
Oxazoline Early Transition Metal Complexes: Functionalizable Achiral Titanium(IV), Titanium(III), Zirconium(IV), Vanadium(III), and Chiral Zirconium(IV) Bis(oxazoline) Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxazoline Early Transition Metal Complexes: Functionalizable Achiral Titanium(IV), Titanium(III), Zirconium(IV), Vanadium(III), and Chiral Zirconium(IV) Bis(oxazoline) ComplexesPier Giorgio Cozzi, Carlo Floriani, Angiola Chiesi-Villa, and Corrado RizzoliCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 11, 2921–2930Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00115a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00115a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the HemoCue plasma haemoglobin analyser for assessing haemolysis in red cell concentrates during storage (2002)

The HemoCue plasma haemoglobin analyser is a simple, rapid, reliable and accurate method for the determination of supernatant Hb in RCC at the end of storage and compares well to established methods for supernatant Hb measurement.
New methods in computer-aided drug design (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew methods in computer-aided drug designRobert P. Sheridan and Rengachari VenkataraghavanCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 9, 322–329Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00141a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00141a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutant alpha subunits of G12 and G13 proteins induce neoplastic transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts. (1994)

Mutationally activated alpha subunits of two G proteins, Gs and Gi2, induce neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts and are found in human tumors. Here we report that mutationally activated alpha subunits of two other G proteins, G12 and G13, induce neoplastic transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts and NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Constitute activation of these alpha subunits resulted from replacement by leucine of glutamine-229 and glutamine-226 in alpha 12 and alpha 13, respectively. Transient expression of mutant alpha 12 and alpha 13 cDNAs induced focus formation in Rat-1 cells and NIH3T3 cells, and stable expression of these mutant proteins in Rat-1 cells accelerated growth rate, induced growth in soft agar, and increased DNA synthesis. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity, stimulated by EGF, was increased in Rat-1 cells that expressed mutant alpha 12 or alpha 13. The MAP kinase cascade plays a role in mediating neoplastic transformation induced by other GTPases, including ras and the alpha subunit of Gi2. Therefore, we propose that the MAP kinase cascade is an effector pathway affected by alpha 12 and alpha 13 and may contribute to neoplastic transformation by these mutant proteins. We predict that activating somatic mutations in alpha 12 and alpha 13 genes will be found in human tumors, as is the case for mutationally activated alpha subunits of Gs and Gi2.
Modified constant modulus algorithm: blind equalization and carrier phase recovery algorithm (2002)

The modified constant modulus algorithm (MCMA) that accomplishes blind equalization and carrier phase recovery simultaneously is proposed. Since the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) converges independently of carrier recovery, at convergence an output constellation has a phase error. With modification of the CMA, the proposed algorithm can solve this problem. Furthermore, the new algorithm results in the performance enhancement of convergence speed and residual ISI compared to the CMA. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieves a performance as good as that of a joint CMA and decision-directed (DD) phase recovery scheme with reduction in computational complexity. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in removing ISI and correcting carrier phase error at the same time.
Short Communication: Usage of Mechanical Brushes by Lactating Dairy Cows (2007)

The objective of this experiment was to investigate how the provision of a mechanical brush affects the grooming (scratching) behavior of group-housed dairy cattle. To do this, we compared the grooming behavior of 72 dairy cows, split into 6 groups of 12, in the absence of a brush (control) and when provided with a mechanical brush (experimental). We analyzed the duration and frequency of scratching on pen objects (wall and water trough) and on the mechanical brush between the control and experimental treatments. Further, we compared the relative frequency of scratching on parts of the cow's body (head, neck, back, tail, and thigh) between the control and experimental treatments. Within 24 h of installation of the mechanical brush, 56.9% of the cows utilized the brush. Within 7 d, 93.0% of cows used the brush, and by the end of the treatment period, all but one of the cows had used the brush. When the mechanical brush was added to the pen, cows dramatically increased the total time spent scratching by 508% and the frequency of scratching events by 226%. These increases were primarily driven by use of the mechanical brush, which accounted for 91.1% of total scratching time and 79.8% of scratching events. When cows were provided with the mechanical brush, they decreased the frequency of scratching their heads, increased the frequency of scratching on their necks, backs, and tails, and tended to decrease the frequency of scratching their thighs. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the use of a mechanical brush makes it easier for cows to groom themselves, particularly in places that are hard to reach by the cow. This may help satisfy this natural behavior and keep them clean, as well as possibly reducing frustration or stress due to boredom when housed in freestall barns.
The role of growth factors in the healing of chronic wounds (1997)

The clinical use of growth factors for the treatment of nonhealing human wounds holds great therapeutic potential. However, numerous clinical studies of recombinant growth factors used to treat chronic dermal wounds have generally reported disappointing results. Part of the explanation for these results may be a lack of appreciation of three basic principles related to the biology of wound healing and pharmaceutic considerations. Above all, the growth factor selected for a particular nonhealing wound must regulate a process of healing which is predominantly involved in healing that wound. A growth factor which stimulates epithelialization will be of little good in a wound which needs to heal by connective tissue deposition. Once the appropriate biologic modifier has been identified, one must be assured that there is a deficiency of that modifier in the wound environment. Finally, one must be sure that the delivery of the growth factor to the wound is in sufficient amount and duration to produce a biologic response. These considerations are exemplified with several clinical studies which did show improvement in the rate of healing of chronic wounds. Only when clinical trials are undertaken in which these tenets are incorporated in the study design will the true potential of various growth factors be appropriately determined.
Gate-Level Information-Flow Tracking for Secure Architectures (2010)

This article describes a new method for constructing and analyzing architectures that can track all information flows within a processor, including explicit, implicit, and timing flows. The key to this approach is a novel gate-level information-flow-tracking method that provides a way to create complex logical structures with well-defined information-flow properties.
Towards Automatic Management and Live Migration of Virtual Machines (2007)

This project will concider management of a Xen-based virtual infrastructure\nin several aspects. First, management of the infrastructure itself with configuration\nand provisioning of virtual machines, followed by a proof-of-concept\nmodel for dynamic resource sharing for the virtual machines using the newly\nintroduced Xen-API for resource consumption monitoring. Experiments will\ndocument the feasibility of such a model, using both single, independent virtual\nmachines and various size private networks connected by local bridge devices.\nTwo applications, XeniNFO for resource consumption monitoring and\nXenGuard for load balancing of the virtual infrastructure using live migration,\nhave been developed. XenGuard, which utilizes the features of XeniNFO, has\nbeen merged with the open source virtual machine management tool MLN\n(Manage Large Networks) and will be publicly available in a future release\nof MLN while XeniNFO has been contributed to XenSource and is publicly\navailable from the Xen-Unstable repository.
Treatment of endotoxemia with low-dose intramuscular injections or oral administration of polymyxin B. (1992)

Thirty patients with sepsis received 50,000 U of polymyxin B intramuscularly per day (n = 22) or 3 million U orally per day (n = 8). Plasma endotoxin levels were measured by the Endospecy test after treating the plasma with a new perchloric acid method. Plasma endotoxin levels were reduced to normal values (less than 9.8 pg/ml) in all the injected patients within two days and in all the orally treated patients within three days. Clinical symptoms were also ameliorated. No treatment side effects were reported. It is concluded that polymyxin B is a safe and effective treatment against endotoxemia.
System identification using balanced parametrizations (1997)

Some general issues in the "black-box" identification of multivariable systems are first discussed. It is then suggested that balanced parametrizations can be used to give identifiable forms. A particular advantage is that balanced parametrizations are known for several useful classes of linear dynamic models, including stable minimal models, minimum-phase models, positive-real models, and normalized coprime factor models. Before optimizing the parameters of balanced parametrizations, an initial model must be found. We use realization-based methods and so-called "subspace" methods for this purpose. These methods are very effective at finding accurate initial models without preliminary estimation of various structural indexes. The paper ends with two simulation examples, which compare the use of balanced parametrizations with more traditional ones, and three "real" examples based on practical problems: a distillation column, an industrial dryer, and the (irrational) spectrum or sea waves.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of traffic safety strategies based on grey forecasting model GM (1,1) (2005)

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Low-threshold operation of an all-solid-state KTP optical parametric oscillator (1994)

We report on the low-threshold operation of a KTP optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a diode-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YLF laser. Thresholds below 0.5 mJ have been obtained for pumping at 1.047 μm, with internal conversion efficiencies approaching 50%. A threshold model is presented and compared with previous models. Reasonable agreement is observed between experiment and theory. Examination of the spectral properties of the OPO suggests a method of obtaining consistent single-axial-mode operation without insertion of intracavity elements or use of a seed laser.