gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles via thiol–ene click chemistry for selective enrichment of glycoproteins (2014)

A simple, novel approach was developed for the preparation of boronic acid functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via thiol–ene (TE) click reaction. In this work, two clickable Fe3O4 MNPs functionalized with either alkene or thiol moieties were synthesized. Firstly, Fe3O4 MNPs were synthesized through a solvothermal method and then the clickable alkene- or thiol-coated Fe3O4 MNPs were prepared by sol–gel reaction with an organosilicon coupling agent, 3-(methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxylsilane (MPS) or 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES). The carbon–carbon double bonds/thiol groups on the surface of the MNPs serve as clickable sites to react with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA)/3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) during the subsequent TE click reaction. Finally, the high density of boronic acid ligands immobilized on the surface of the Fe3O4 MNPs was obtained via TE click reactions. The morphology, adsorption and recognition properties of the Fe3O4 MNPs were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). Four proteins, including ovalbumin (OB) and transferrin (Trf) as glycoprotein templates, and lysozyme (Lyz) and horse heart cytochrome c (Cyt C) as non-glycoprotein templates are chosen as target proteins. Two types of click-Fe3O4 MNP (Fe3O4@MPS@PBA and Fe3O4@SH@AAPBA) exhibit a high binding capacity and excellent specificity towards glycoproteins, and can selectively capture and separate glycoproteins from egg white samples directly. Furthermore, this work could provide a promising method of surface modification for the design of more efficient adsorbents for the isolation and enrichment of proteins from complex bio-samples.
p53 regulates a G <sub>2</sub> checkpoint through cyclin B1 (1999)

The p53 tumor suppressor controls multiple cell cycle checkpoints regulating the mammalian response to DNA damage. To identify the mechanism by which p53 regulates G2, we have derived a human ovarian cell that undergoes p53-dependent G2 arrest at 32 degrees C. We have found that p53 prevents G2/M transition by decreasing intracellular levels of cyclin B1 protein and attenuating the activity of the cyclin B1 promoter. Cyclin B1 is the regulatory subunit of the cdc2 kinase and is a protein required for mitotic initiation. The ability of p53 to control mitotic initiation by regulating intracellular cyclin B1 levels suggests that the cyclin B-dependent G2 checkpoint has a role in preventing neoplastic transformation.
Degradation of crude oil by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Alcaligenes odorans (1996)

Two types of Indian crude oil (Bombay High and Gujarat) were tested for their biodegradability by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Alcaligenes odorans. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus S30 and Alc. odorans P20 degraded Bombay High crude oil by 50% and 45%, while only 29% and 37% of Gujarat crude oil (heavy crude oil) was degraded by these isolates, respectively. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Alc. odorans in combination degraded 58% and 40% of Bombay High and Gujarat crude oils, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of by individual cultures. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus S30 degraded more of the alkanes fraction than the aromatics fraction of both crude oils. GC fingerprinting of alkane fraction showed major degradation of heptadecane (C17), octadecane (C18), nonadecane (C19), eicosane (C20), docosane (C22), tricosane (C23) and tetracosane (C24) of crude oil, while the Alc. odorans P20 degraded alkanes and aromatics equally. The asphaltenic component increased in both types of crude oil after biodegradation . The two strains grew very well on n-alkane up to C33 as well as on pristane (branched-chain alkane) but could not grow on cycloalkanes. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus S30 could not grow on pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds except naphthalene but Alc. odorans P20 could grow on anthracene, phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene.
Parametric Co-Optimization of Lifting Blunt Body Vehicle Concepts for Atmospheric Entry (2010)

An integrated Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) technique for the development of planetary atmospheric entry vehicle concepts accounting for shape, trajectory, thermal protection system (TPS), and vehicle closure is described. This MDO technique aims to provide a practical approach to exploring new vehicle concepts to meet the increased demands of future space exploration mission requirements. This has been accomplished using a combination of engineering and higher-fidelity physics-based analysis tools along with optimization methods and engineering judgment. This integrated MDO process allows engineers to efficiently and consistently analyze multiple design architectures. The MDO environment is created using the ModelCenter® software developed by Phoenix Integration. The framework described is referred to as COBRA, a rough acronym for Co-Optimization of Bluntbody Re-entry Analysis. COBRA utilizes parallel computing capabilities in two forms. One form is the use of parallel discipline codes, such as the aerothermodynamics analysis tools. Secondly, multiple design cases can be run simultaneously through the MDO framework. This parallelization approach allows the evaluation of complicated integrated systems with the proper level of physics within a reasonable turnaround time to impact and influence early design decisions.
Adaptive Fault-Resistant Systems (1994)

A research team led by SRI International has completed a 1.5 year period of work in adaptive, distributed, fault-resistant systems. This research has been motivated by the increasingly complex and dynamic nature of working environments for modern systems, especially distributed, real-time systems. Operating conditions in such environments vary greatly in the types and distributions of faults and input data, in user requirements in changing service situations, and in possible losses of computing resources. The traditional approach---applying given resources in a fixed system configuration to meet worst-case operating conditions--- is becoming less tenable. Adaptive systems can track changes in the environment by modifying the way computing resources are organized and utilized. The goal of the research was to establish a foundation for a general methodology of design for adaptive, distributed, real-time, fault-resistant systems. This report presents a general theory and architecture, a t...
IBM System z9 eFUSE applications and methodology (2007)

IBM System z9™ is the first zSeries® product to use electronic fuses (eFUSEs). The blowing of the fuse does not involve a physical rupture of the fuse element, but rather causes electromigration of the silicide layer, substantially increasing the resistance. The fuse is “blown” with the application of a higher-than-nominal voltage. eFUSEs provide several compelling advantages over the laser fuses they have replaced. The blow process does not risk damage to adjacent devices. eFUSEs can be blown by a logic process instead of a physical laser ablation method. eFUSEs are substantially smaller than laser fuses, and they scale better with process improvements. Finally, since no specialized equipment or separate product flow is required, eFUSEs can be blown at multiple test and application stages. We discuss circuit design, fuse programming, test considerations, and z9™ system applications. The physical and logical implementation of eFUSEs has resulted in improved yield at wafer, module, and final assembly test levels, and has provided additional flexibility in logic function and in system use.
Nicotine Activation of α4* Receptors: Sufficient for Reward, Tolerance, and Sensitization (2004)

The identity of nicotinic receptor subtypes sufficient to elicit both the acute and chronic effects of nicotine dependence is unknown. We engineered mutant mice with a4 nicotinic subunits containing a single point mutation, Leu9' --> Ala9' in the pore-forming M2 domain, rendering a4* receptors hypersensitive to nicotine. Selective activation of a4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with low doses of agonist recapitulates nicotine effects thought to be important in dependence, including reinforcement in response to acute nicotine administration, as well as tolerance and sensitization elicited by chronic nicotine administration. These data indicate that activation of a4* receptors is sufficient for nicotine-induced reward, tolerance, and sensitization.
Free-Standing Copper Nanowire Network Current Collector for Improving Lithium Anode Performance (2016)

Lithium metal is one of the most attractive anode materials for next-generation lithium batteries due to its high specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, the poor cycling performance and serious safety hazards, caused by the growth of dendritic and mossy lithium, has long hindered the application of lithium metal based batteries. Herein, we reported a rational design of free-standing Cu nanowire (CuNW) network to suppress the growth of dendritic lithium via accommodating the lithium metal in three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures. We demonstrated that as high as 7.5 mA h cm(-2) of lithium can be plated into the free-standing copper nanowire (CuNW) current collector without the growth of dendritic lithium. The lithium metal anode based on the CuNW exhibited high Coulombic efficiency (average 98.6% during 200 cycles) and outstanding rate performance owing to the suppression of lithium dendrite growth and high conductivity of CuNW network. Our results demonstrate that the rational nanostructural design of current collector could be a promising strategy to improve the performance of lithium metal anode enabling its application in next-generation lithium-metal based batteries.
Lipoprotein (a): A Potential Biological Marker for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (1997)

The prevalence of elevated Lp(a) levels in these families and the high degree of association of raised Lp(a) levels with the presence of IAs in several family members warrants follow up of angiographically negative young subjects. We require a case-control study to establish whether particular polymorphisms at the apoprotein (a) gene level are associated with the occurrence of IAs in these families.
Extended lifetime biofuel cells (2008)

Over the last 40 years, researchers have been studying and improving enzymatic biofuel cells, but until the last five years, the technology was plagued by short active lifetimes (typically 8 hours to 7 days) that prohibited the commercial use of this technology. This tutorial review introduces the topic of enzymatic biofuel cells and discusses the recent work done to stabilize and immobilize enzymes at bioanodes and biocathodes of biofuel cells. This review covers a wide variety of fuel systems from sugar to alcohols and covers both direct electron transfer (DET) systems and mediated electron transfer (MET) systems.
WHY SEAMLESS? TOWARDS EXPLOITING WLAN-BASED INTERMITTENT CONNECTIVITY ON THE ROAD (2004)

This paper discusses new mobile usage scenarios for WLAN technologies and presents an architecture that is based on the notion of intermittent connectivity instead of seamless connectivity. The Drive-thru Internet approach is intended to support Internet applications of mobile users in environments where no permanent connectivity is available, a common case for nomadic users. We have chosen the extreme scenario of users in vehicles moving at high speed on the road and provide connectivity by means of WLAN access points. Our service architecture takes the transient character of local network access into account and provides for persistent transport connections and application layer mobility. From reviewing common Internet applications, we derive application-specific extensions to optimise various kinds of protocols and provide a concrete usage example. We also discuss the relation of Drive-thru Internet to technologies such as network layer mobility, authenticated network access, common WLAN hot spot setups, and WLAN roaming.
Establishment and hormonal regulation of a conditionally transformed preosteocytic cell line from adult human bone. (1996)

Osteocytes are differentiated forms of osteoblasts that arise upon entrapment within the bone matrix. In this report, we describe the establishment and hormonal regulation of the first conditionally transformed human preosteocytic cell line. Primary adult bone cells were obtained from protease cell line. Primary adult bone cells were obtained from protease digestion of cancellous chips. The cells were infected with adenovirus-ori- SV40 tsA 209, which encodes for a temperature-sensitive large T-antigen. After immortalization, we isolated a clone designated HOB-01-C1. This cell line expressed the mutant T-antigen and proliferated at the permissive temperature (34 C) but stopped dividing at the nonpermissive temperature (39-40 C). Electron microscopy of cells incubated at 39 C demonstrated the presence of preosteocytic cellular processes, some of which appeared to form gap junctions or were rich in microfilaments. The clone expressed alpha 1 type (I) procollagen messenger RNA (mRNA) and secreted type I procollagen C peptide at both temperatures, and this expression was elevated 1.6-fold to 1.8-fold at 40 degrees C. The cells expressed very low basal levels of alkaline phosphatase activity (approximately 0.02 nmol/min.mg), which was increased 2- to 5-fold in a dose-dependent manner by 0.1-100 nM 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) at both temperatures. Vitamin D3 also increased osteocalcin secretion in a dose-dependent manner when the clone was maintained at 34 C (approximately 6-fold), and this stimulation was enhanced > 5 fold at 40 C. In contrast to the low expression of alkaline phosphatase, the cells secreted high amounts of osteocalcin in response to vitamin D3 (approximately 15 ng/mg cell protein); this biochemical profile also resembled that of preosteocytes. Alizarin red-S histochemical staining demonstrated that these cells rapidly produced mineralized nodules at both temperatures. PTH (10 and 100 nM) had no effect on the intracellular accumulation of cAMP at 34 C but stimulated a 14- to 18-fold increase in the production of this second messenger at 40 C. In contrast, 100 nM prostaglandin E2 and 1 microM forskolin stimulated cAMP synthesis better at 34 C. Western blot analysis indicated that the cells expressed CD44, a putative osteocytic marker, at both temperatures. Finally, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1-1000 pM) stimulated dose-dependent increases in the secretion of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 at 34 C and 40C. We conclude that the HOB-01-C1 cell line has a preosteocytic phenotype. Moreover, these cells respond to calcitropic hormones and bone resorbing cytokines.
Chemical and Chemotherapeutical Studies on the Furan Derivatives. XXVIII (1962)

Decomposition of 1, 5-bis(5-nitro-2-furyl)-3-pentadienone N4-alkylamidinohydrazone by heating in organic solvent, in the presence of a basic catalyst, resulted in the formation of a 1, 2, 4-triazine ring inside the molecule and a series of new compounds, 3-alkylamino-6-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-as-triazines, were obtained. These triazine derivatives had a wide antibacterial spectrum and were found to inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria (dysentery, typhoid, and coli bacilli) in a dilute solution of 10, 000, 000 to 40, 000, 000 dilutions. Moreover, these derivatives were found to have very low toxicity and their oral administration resulted in good absorption, with excretion of urine retaining marked antibacterial activity.
Fault diagnosis of high-speed railway turnout based on support vector machine (2016)

With the fast development of Chinese high speed railway, the demand for the maintenance of railway equipment has increased rapidly. This paper studies an intelligent diagnosis method for high-speed railway turnout based on the support vector machine. We focus on the study about the methods of generating the feature vector and propose a rule-based method that utilizes the experts' experience knowledge. By experimenting on the current curve collected on the real turnouts, we compare the advantages of different feature vector generation methods and demonstrate that our rule-based method performs best in the fault diagnosis. This work realizes the purpose of identifying the fault curves by computer automatically and can save a lot of manpower and resources. It provides a basis for the intelligent fault diagnosis of turnouts.
Compensation of spatial and temporal dispersion for acousto-optic multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (2003)

We describe novel approaches for compensating dispersion effects that arise when acousto-optic (AO) beam deflection of ultrafast laser pluses is used for multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM). AO deflection supports quick positioning of a laser beam to random locations, allowing high frame-rate imaging of user-selected sites of interest, in addition to conventional raster scanning. Compared to standard line-scan approaches, this results in improved signal strength (and thus increased signal-to-noise) as well as reduced photobleaching and photodamage. However, 2-D AO scanning has not yet been applied for multiphoton microscopy, largely because ultrafast laser pulses experience significant spatial and temporal dispersion while propagating through AO materials. We describe and quantify spatial dispersion, demonstrating it to be a significant barrier to achieving maximal spatial resolution. We also address temporal dispersion, which is a well-documented effect that limits multiphoton excitation efficacy, and is particularly severe for AO devices. To address both problems, we have developed a single diffraction grating scheme that reduces spatial dispersion more than three-fold throughout the field of view, and a novel four-pass stacked-prism prechirper that fully compensates for temporal dispersion while reducing by two-fold the required physical length relative to commonly employed designs. These developments enable the construction of a 2-D acousto-optic multiphoton laser-scanning microscope system.
A Variable Rate, Direct Nozzle Injection Field Sprayer (1996)

A variable rate, direct nozzle injection field sprayer was designed and constructed. The sprayer was capable of both laboratory and field operation. Spray pattern uniformity and system time response were measured in the laboratory using a WRK, Inc. string analysis system. The spray pattern uniformity using direct nozzle injection was not significantly different from that generated by a traditional tank mix system. The average time constant was 2.5 s and the average rise time was 3.8 s.
Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Various Plant Pathogenic Fungi (2012)

This research is concerned with the fungicidal properties of nano-size silver colloidal solution used as an agent for antifungal treatment of various plant pathogens. We used WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13R, and WA-PR-WB13R silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm. Eighteen different plant pathogenic fungi were treated with these AgNPs on potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar, and corn meal agar plates. We calculated fungal inhibition in order to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of silver nanoparticles against pathogens. The results indicated that AgNPs possess antifungal properties against these plant pathogens at various levels. Treatment with WA-CV-WB13R AgNPs resulted in maximum inhibition of most fungi. Results also showed that the most significant inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi was observed on PDA and 100 ppm of AgNPs.
Enhancement of background subtraction approach for image segmentation (2010)

In this paper an enhanced background subtraction approach for image segmentation is proposed in order to precisely detect and represent the objects in the images. It is based on automatic detection of the background by estimating the background and then subtracting it from the original image. This step is incorporated in the background subtraction approach in order to reduce the computational cost and overcome the problems where the environment is complex such as underwater images and when there are many kinds of objects. The segmentation results using this enhanced approach are compared with the recent background subtraction techniques in terms of speed and accuracy in order to show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Introduction. (2012)

This introduction presents a brief overview of agricultural standards and compliance costs in developed countries and outlines the modelling framework used in the book to assess the competitiveness and trade effects of standards. The organization of the book is then described.
Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy monitors organelles in live cells with no exogenous labels (2007)

This article reports the development of an optical imaging technique, confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy, capable of noninvasively determining the dimensions and other physical properties of single subcellular organelles. CLASS microscopy combines the principles of light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS) with confocal microscopy. LSS is an optical technique that relates the spectroscopic properties of light elastically scattered by small particles to their size, refractive index, and shape. The multispectral nature of LSS enables it to measure internal cell structures much smaller than the diffraction limit without damaging the cell or requiring exogenous markers, which could affect cell function. Scanning the confocal volume across the sample creates an image. CLASS microscopy approaches the accuracy of electron microscopy but is nondestructive and does not require the contrast agents common to optical microscopy. It provides unique capabilities to study functions of viable cells, which are beyond the capabilities of other techniques.
Correlations between S and G2 arrest and the cytotoxicity of camptothecin in human colon carcinoma cells. (1996)

Previous cell line comparisons indicated that neither S-phase fraction nor topoisomerase I (top1) levels are sufficient to predict camptothecin (CPT) cytotoxicity (F. Goldwasser el al., Cancer Res., 55: 2116-2121, 1995.). To identify new determinants for CPT activity, two mutant p53 human colon cancer cell lines, SW620 and KM12, that were previously reported to have similar top1 levels and differential sensitivity to CPT were studied. No difference in the kinetics of top1-mediated DNA single-strand breaks or DNA synthesis inhibition were observed after 1 h exposure to 1 microM CPT. Pulse-labeling alkaline elution showed deficiency of damaged replicon elongation in the more sensitive SW620 cells. Consistentiy, flow cytometry analyses showed that KM12 was arrested in G2, whereas SW620 cells were irreversibly blocked in S phase. Aphidicolin protection was minimal in KM12 and more pronounced in the more sensitive SW620 cells. Thus, CPT appears to have two cytotoxic mechanisms, one protectable by aphidicolin and present in SW620 and the other not protectable by aphidicolin and common to both cell lines. SW620 exhibited also a greater capacity to break through the G2 checkpoint after DNA damage. Consistently, SW620 cells failed to down-regulate cyclin B-cdc2 kinase activity, whereas KM12 cells down-regulated cyclin B/cdc2 kinase activity within 30 min to 20 % of control level after CPT treatment. Analysis of the 7 human colon carcinoma cell lines of the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen showed that defects in replicon elongation and G2 breakthrough capability correlate with sensitivity to CPT. Our results suggest that misrepair of damaged replicons and/or alterations in DNA damage checkpoints is critical to defining chemosensitivity to CPT-induced top1-cleavable complexes and that CPT appears to have two cytotoxic mechanisms, one protectable by aphidicolin, and the other not.