gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humanoid Robot Presentation through Multimodal Presentation Markup Language MPML-HR (2005)

is becoming important to improve the un- derstandability and friendliness in human-computer inter- faces and media contents. We have developed a Multimodal Presentation Markup Language, called MPML. MPML is a simple script language to make multi-modal presentation contents using animated characters for presenters. As MPML is based on XML, anyone can write MPML contents eas- ily. In conventional MPML we used animated characters as presenters. The humanoid robot is more life-like than the animated characters, because it can move and act in a real space, and look at the audience. So humanoid robots can be a more attractive presenter. In this paper, we de- scribe a new version of MPML called MPML-HR, where HR stands for Humanoid Robots. Presentation contents written in MPML-HR are performed by a biped humanoid robot in- stead of an animated character in 2D display. Anyone can control humanoid robots and make them do presentation using MPML-HR without expertise of humanoid robots. In this paper, we show the development of MPML-HR and its application to the Honda humanoid robot, ASIMO.
The role of docosahexaenoic acid in retinal function (2001)

An important role for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) within the retina is suggested by its high levels and active conservation in this tissue. Animals raised on n-3-deficient diets have large reductions in retinal DHA levels that are associated with altered retinal function as assessed by the electroretinogram (ERG). Despite two decades of research in this field, little is known about the mechanisms underlying altered retinal function in n-3-deficient animals. The focus of this review is on recent research that has sought to elucidate the role of DHA in retinal function, particularly within the rod photoreceptor outer segments where DHA is found at its highest concentration. An overview is also given of human infant studies that have examined whether a neonatal dietary supply of DHA is required for the normal development of retinal function.
Transfer of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (E.C. 3.5.4.4) from prostasomes to sperm (1997)

Prostasomes are vesicles present in human semen. They are secreted by the prostate and contain large amounts of cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Some of their proteins are enzymes. Prostasomes are involved in a number of biological functions. In previous papers we demonstrated that lipid can be transferred from prostasomes to sperm by a fusion process occurring at neutral or slightly acidic pH. In this paper we demonstrate that CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV, an enzymatic activity absent in sperm, is transferred to sperm from prostasomes. This may be of particular interest since, by this procedure, sperm may acquire new membrane-bound enzymes and modify the catalytic activity of their surface.
Procedure for aligning polarization modulator link for amplitude modulation applications (2014)

A procedure is detailed for aligning the transmitted output states of a polarization modulated signal to the analyzer states of a polarizing discriminator in an analog photonic link. The steps in the procedure insure optimal amplitude modulation in the link. Experimental results are presented for biasing in two ways: either the DC bias on the modulator or a rotatable half-wave plate can be used. The corresponding theory is included.
Web Optimization in Real UMTS Networks with Channel Switching Mechanisms (2008)

Web download performance is dramatically degraded in UMTS, resulting in perceived throughputs of around 25% of the expected bandwidth even in favorable conditions. We analyze the main factors that lead to this low performance. We then propose end-to-end mechanisms and proxy-based approaches to improve overall performance and maximize link utilization in UMTS. We evaluate these solutions in a real UMTS scenario. The results show an improvement of up to 50% in terms of download time and a saving of around 10% of the exchanged information in UMTS networks with channel switching mechanisms.
Observing and modeling nonlinear dynamics in an internal combustion engine (1998)

We propose a low-dimensional, physically motivated, nonlinear map as a model for cyclic combustion variation in spark-ignited internal combustion engines. A key feature is the interaction between stochastic, small-scale fluctuations in engine parameters and nonlinear deterministic coupling between successive engine cycles. Residual cylinder gas from each cycle alters the in-cylinder fuel-air ratio and thus the combustion efficiency in succeeding cycles. The model's simplicity allows rapid simulation of thousands of engine cycles, permitting statistical studies of cyclic-variation patterns and providing physical insight into this technologically important phenomenon. Using symbol statistics to characterize the noisy dynamics, we find good quantitative matches between our model and experimental time-series measurements.
Case 39-1973 (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of hematemesis.She was well until 10 years previously, when she began to experience intermittent postprandial epigastric pain, without radiation to the back or the shoulder; the pain was often provoked by ingestion of fatty foods and was not relieved by antacids. She passed clay-colored stools on several occasions, but there was no history of jaundice, chills or fever. Two years before admission she was seen in the Medical Clinic, where examination revealed a blood pressure of 180/100 and marked obesity. The abdominal examination was negative. An oral . . .
Biofilms: An Extra Hurdle for Effective Antimicrobial Therapy (2010)

Since the 1960's much research has focused on biofilms, i.e. microbial-derived populations irreversibly attached to a surface and embedded in a self-produced polymeric matrix. In this matrix, microbial cells are protected from detrimental external factors such as heat, UV radiation and the host immune system. The most relevant biofilm-related property is the unusual high resistance to antimicrobial therapy, although the origin of this extreme resistance is still the subject of debate. Besides an overview of the main characteristics of biofilms, this review discusses the different resistance mechanisms that lead to increased biofilm-related morbidity and mortality. Adherent communities are involved in at least 65% of all human bacterial infections, particularly in cystic fibrosis and several nosocomial device- related infections. Even in healthy immunocompetent individuals, biofilm infections are rarely resolved and usually persist until the colonized surface is removed from the body. Fundamental research aiming to develop new anti-biofilm strategies will largely depend on the availability of appropriate in vitro models for production and quantification of biofilms. This review describes the most frequently used in vitro biofilm models with respect to the different pitfalls that can emerge from in vitro biofilm research. Despite extensive efforts, no antimicrobial drug has yet been found that completely eradicates adherent microbial populations. The advantages and disadvantages of the currently available therapies are described with a particular focus on antibiotics and biocides. The options and benefits of future antibiofilm therapies are discussed.
Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Action by Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Involves Selective Disruption of IGF-I/IGF-Binding Protein-3 Complexes (2003)

IGF-I and IGF-II play important roles in growth and development via interactions with cell-surface receptors; however, in nature, IGFs are sequestered by at least six soluble, high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), namely IGFBPs 1-6. Herein, we demonstrate that the stromal cell-derived extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinase stromelysin 1 (matrix metalloproteinase 3) disrupts IGF/IGFBP-3 complexes and liberates free, intact IGFs, leading to phosphorylation of cell surface type 1 IGF receptors and cellular proliferation. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) or an antibody to the type 1 IGF receptor mitigates IGF-mediated cellular proliferation. Thus, these studies suggest that matrix metalloproteinases, beyond their effects on extracellular matrix turnover, regulate cellular proliferation by modulating the bioavailability of IGFs, an event critical for such diverse phenomena as embryo development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis.
A pilot study of fiberscopy-guided local injection of anti-cancer drugs bound to carbon particles for control of rectal cancer (1998)

Rectal cancer patients with contra-indicatory risks may not be able to undergo surgery. In these cases the preferred treatment is chemotherapy. The present dosage formulation, consisting of an anti-cancer drug bound to activated carbon particles, was designed to deliver the anti-cancer drug at high concentration selectively to the injection site as well as to the regional lymph nodes and to improve survival of mice bearing cancer with nodal metastases, as compared to the same dose of aqueous anti-cancer drug in animal experiments. The present clinical trial includes two patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the rectum and who had risks contra-indicating surgery. Carbon particles adsorbing anti-cancer drugs totaling 400 mg of methotrexate and 32 mg of mitomycin C in one patient and 100 mg of methotrexate and 8 mg of mitomycin C in another patient were injected into the cancer tissue under guidance of a colono-fiberscope. The rectal cancers were successfully reduced in size and controlled over 2 years or 6 months until the patients died from other causes. Side effect was mild. Local injection of this dosage formulation will be useful for the control of rectal cancer in patients who cannot undergo surgery.
Polymer chains incorporating caprolactone and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid functionalities: Synthesis, characterization and biological response in vitro of the Schwann cell (2013)

This study describes a strategy for the covalent immobilization of active adhesion peptide moieties onto polymers through the intermediacy of itaconic acid. The arginine–glycine–aspartic acid peptide was grafted to a novel poly(caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester)- co-itaconic acid bulk biomaterial, in order to improve the cell adhesion of the polymer. First, the arginine–glycine–aspartic acid sequence was grafted onto itaconic acid via an amidation reaction using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/ N-hydroxysuccinimide as activation complex. The itaconic acid–arginine–glycine–aspartic acid macromer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H-NMR, yielding a functionalization degree of 85%. In a second step, poly(caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester- co-itaconic acid–arginine–glycine–aspartic acid) (with a feed mixture of 90 wt% of caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester and 10 wt% of itaconic acid–arginine–glycine–aspartic acid macromer) and a series of copolymers of caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester and itaconic acid with different compositions (weight fractions of itaconic acid up to 20 wt%) were synthesized by radical copolymerization. The microstructure and network architecture of the new polymer systems were investigated. Mechanical moduli of poly(caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester- co-itaconic acid), evaluated by dynamic–mechanical analysis, increase with the itaconic acid content. In poly(caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester- co-itaconic acid–arginine–glycine–aspartic acid), the glass transition temperature and the mechanical moduli of the system are smaller than in the nonfunctionalized poly(caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester- co-itaconic acid) copolymers, and the polymer is less hydrophilic. The results indicate that arginine–glycine–aspartic acid grafting of poly(caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester- co-itaconic acid) copolymer networks can be useful for tissue engineering applications, because regenerative processes in the nervous system can be promoted and accelerated, thus, opening a possibility to generate materials with a high potential for clinical applicability.
Stair-step artifacts in three-dimensional helical CT: an experimental study. (1994)

To eliminate the stair-step artifacts, both the collimation and the table feed should be less than the longitudinal dimension of the important feature on inclined surfaces, and the reconstruction interval should be less than the table feed. Adaptive interpolation may correct the artifacts.
Phenotype of the Tomato <i>high pigment-2</i> Mutant Is Caused by a Mutation in the Tomato Homolog of <i>DEETIOLATED1</i> (1999)

Tomato high pigment (hp) mutants are characterized by their exaggerated photoresponsiveness. Light-grown hp mutants display elevated levels of anthocyanins, are shorter and darker than wild-type plants, and have dark green immature fruits due to the overproduction of chlorophyll pigments. It has been proposed that HP genes encode negative regulators of phytochrome signal transduction. We have cloned the HP-2 gene and found that it encodes the tomato homolog of the nuclear protein DEETIOLATED1 (DET1) from Arabidopsis. Mutations in DET1 are known to result in constitutive deetiolation in darkness. In contrast to det1 mutants, tomato hp-2 mutants do not display any visible phenotypes in the dark but only very weak phenotypes, such as partial chloroplast development. Furthermore, whereas det1 mutations are epistatic to mutations in phytochrome genes, analysis of similar double mutants in tomato showed that manifestation of the phenotype of the hp-2 mutant is strictly dependent upon the presence of active phytochrome. Because only one DET1 gene is likely to be present in each of the two species, our data suggest that the phytochrome signaling pathways in which the corresponding proteins function are regulated differently in Arabidopsis and tomato.
Modeling Cyclic Variability in Spark-Assisted HCCI (2008)

Spark assist appears to offer considerable potential for increasing the speed and load range over which homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is possible in gasoline engines. Numerous experimental studies of the transition between conventional spark-ignited (SI) propagating-flame combustion and HCCI combustion in gasoline engines with spark assist have demonstrated a high degree of deterministic coupling between successive combustion events. Analysis of this coupling suggests that the transition between SI and HCCI can be described as a sequence of bifurcations in a low-dimensional dynamic map. In this paper, we describe methods for utilizing the deterministic relationship between cycles to extract global kinetic rate parameters that can be used to discriminate multiple distinct combustion states and develop a more quantitative understanding of the SI-HCCI transition. We demonstrate the application of these methods for indolene-containing fuels and point out an apparent HCCI mode switching not previously reported. Our results have specific implications for developing dynamic combustion models and feedback control strategies that utilize spark assist to expand the operating range of HCCI combustion.
DOPPLER: DPL-aware and OPC-friendly gridless detailed routing with mask density balancing (2011)

The printed image of a layout that satisfies the double patterning lithograph (DPL) constraints may not have good fidelity if the layout neglects optical proximity correction (OPC). Simultaneously considering DPL and OPC becomes necessary when generating layouts, especially in routing stage. Moreover, one decomposed design with balanced mask density has a lower edge placement error (EPE) than an unbalanced one [6]. This work proposes a comprehensive conflict graph (CCG) to enable detailed routers to simultaneously consider DPL, OPC, and mask density to generate litho-friendly layouts. This work then develops an DPL-aware and OPC-friendly gridless detailed routing (DOPPLER) by applying CCG in a gridless routing model. A density variation threshold annealing-based routing flow is also proposed to prevent DOPPLER from falling into a sub-optimal mask density balance. Compared with existing DPL-aware detailed routing works, DOPPLER demonstrates an average 73.84% of EPE holspot reduction with a satisfactory mask density at the cost of an average increase of 0.08% wire-length, 15.14% number of stitches, and 77.28% runtime.
Active modeling of articulated objects with haptic vision (2004)

Recently, there are growing needs for haptic exploration to estimate and extract physical object properties such as mass, friction, elasticity, function etc. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to active modeling of articulated objects with haptic vision. The method automatically extracts and describes both geometrical and physical properties of an articulated object, through the observation of interactions with active vision and "active touch " by a robot hand, using a CCD camera, range and force-feedback sensors. Such models can provide users with reality-based interactions with the objects in virtual environments, to test and extract physical properties such as functions, parts motions and linking structures etc. Experimental results on a paper punch and a pair of pliers were shown and these results were successfully used to construct a reality-based virtual environment simulator.
Antimicrobial activity of selected cyclic dipeptides. (1999)

Cyclic dipeptides are products of rational drug design, which may exhibit both antimicrobial and antitumor properties. The aim of this study was to investigate both the antimicrobial effects of the cyclic dipeptides cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-prolyl) and cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-tryptophanyl) and the effects of these cyclic dipeptides on the gastrointestinal epithelium in vitro. Furthermore, a relevant solvent for the possible pharmaceutical application of the products was sought concurrently. The antimicrobial effect of the cyclic dipeptides was assayed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. The effect of the cyclic dipeptides on the gastrointestinal epithelium was assessed by changes in alkaline phosphatase expression of HT-29 cells. Cyclo(Pro-Trp) and cyclo(Phe-Pro) show broad spectrum antibacterial properties and cyclo(Trp-Pro) and cyclo(Trp-Trp) show broad spectrum antifungal properties. The maturation of the gastrointestinal cells was enhanced by cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Tyr-Pro), cyclo(Trp-Trp) and cyclo(Trp-Pro). The activity of these cyclic dipeptides thus indicates potential application of these compounds as pharmacological agents.
[Screening for drug resistance related microRNAs in K562 and K562/A02 cell lines]. (2010)

K562/A02 cells show a different microRNA expression profile as compared to its parental K562 cells, suggesting microRNAs including miR-221, miR-155, miR-451, let-7f and miR-424 may be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance in leukemia. These differentially expressed microRNAs provide potential novel targets for overcoming drug-resistance.
A systems approach to stress, stressors and resilience in humans (2014)

The paper focuses on the biology of stress and resilience and their biomarkers in humans from the system science perspective. A stressor pushes the physiological system away from its baseline state toward a lower utility state. The physiological system may return toward the original state in one attractor basin but may be shifted to a state in another, lower utility attractor basin. While some physiological changes induced by stressors may benefit health, there is often a chronic wear and tear cost due to implementing changes to enable the return of the system to its baseline state and maintain itself in the high utility baseline attractor basin following repeated perturbations. This cost, also called allostatic load, is the utility reduction associated with both a change in state and with alterations in the attractor basin that affect system responses following future perturbations. This added cost can increase the time course of the return to baseline or the likelihood of moving into a different attractor basin following a perturbation. Opposite to this is the system's resilience which influences its ability to return to the high utility attractor basin following a perturbation by increasing the likelihood and/or speed of returning to the baseline state following a stressor. This review paper is a qualitative systematic review; it covers areas most relevant for moving the stress and resilience field forward from a more quantitative and neuroscientific perspective.
Package-Segment Model for movie retrieval system and adaptable applications (2003)

We verify the Package-Segment Model which we are proposing as a representation method for multimedia content logical structure. We describe the effectiveness of the content logical structure. The Package-Segment Model consists of various objects that are defined as structure components and are involved in the construction processes. We developed an experimental retrieval system of the contents that are indexed by this Package-Segment Model. We confirm that the Package-Segment Model has representation flexibility and its object framework and retrieval mechanism are very adaptable. Therefore it can be integrated into various multimedia content management systems. A prototype application of automatic indexing and retrieval is also presented and evaluated.
Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis: Disease Characteristics and Functional Impairment (2006)

Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a serious medical condition, affecting work productivity, daily activities, emotional well-being and personal relationships.
Local and transient expression of E-cadherin involved in mouse embryonic brain morphogenesis (1992)

We found that E-cadherin (uvomorulin) is transiently expressed in restricted regions of the metencephalon, mesencephalon and diencephalon of mouse embryonic brain. This expression first occurred in parts of the mesencephalon and diencephalon at around E9.5, and subsequently extended to the primordia of cerebellum, the dorsal midline of mesencephalon and some other regions of the embryonic brain. These E-cadherin expressions ceased by E15 except at the dorsal midline. Immunohistological analyses showed that E-cadherin-positive cells are radially arranged in the neural tube and the E-cadherin-positive regions are sharply demarcated from E-cadherin-negative regions. Axons extending from some of the E-cadherin-positive regions also expressed this molecule. When embryonic brains were dissociated into single cells and cultured as monolayers, E-cadherin-positive cells formed clusters that were segregated from E-cadherin-negative cells. E9.5 brain fragments containing metencephalon and mesencephalon were isolated, explanted on Nucleopore filters and cultured in the absence or presence of antibodies to E-cadherin. This antibody treatment removed most of the E-cadherin molecules from the explants and consequently affected their growth pattern. To analyze cellular events induced by the antibody treatment, we stained these explants with an antiserum to En whose distribution was found to overlap in part with that of E-cadherin and found that the pattern of En staining was altered by the anti-E-cadherin antibody treatment. These results suggest that the local and transient expression of E-cadherin in embryonic brain is involved in regional pattern formation in this organ.