gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Useful Life of Pyro-, Meta-, and Tetraphosphates (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Useful Life of Pyro-, Meta-, and TetraphosphatesRalph A. Morgen and Robert L. SwoopeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 7, 821–824Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50403a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50403a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
SEX CONTROL IN CUCUMBERS (1961)

Journal Article SEX CONTROL IN CUCUMBERS Get access OVED SHIFRISS OVED SHIFRISS *Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, Department of Horticulture, New Brunswick. The writer wishes to thank Dr. M. Y. Li for help in the preparation of this paper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 52, Issue 1, January-February 1961, Pages 5–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107021 Published: 01 January 1961
Reproducibility of Immunohistochemical Scoring for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Round Robin Test (2012)

After appropriate training, assessing EGFR expression by this immunohistochemistry-based method allowed a highly reproducible allocation of non-small cell lung cancers into clinically relevant high- or low-EGFR expression groups.
Dual-Beam Near-Infrared Hadamard Spectrophotometer (2001)

A dual-beam Hadamard multiplexed spectrophotometer is described. The instrument is intended to work in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (900–1800 nm) and is based on the use of a linear Hadamard mask containing 255 multiplexing elements. Simple symmetric Czerny–Turner optics were employed based on 10 cm diameter, 20 cm focus spherical mirrors and a plane grating containing 295 grooves mm −1 . The dual-path system employs the multiplexed beam exiting from the mask, which can then be split by using either an integrating sphere, a bifurcated optical bundle, or a beamsplitter. Two cooled PbS or InAs detectors were employed to collect the 255 multiplexed intensities in about 8 s. Signal was obtained by linear displacement of the mask, which was controlled by software written in VisualBasic 4.0. Spectral data were demultiplexed with a program written in the same language. The instrument can successfully correct for the drift of the light source intensity. The wavelength precision is 0.4 nm, while the average standard deviation for absorbance measurements taken from 900 to 1800 nm is 1.5 × 10 −3 absorbance units, a value that is about three times lower than that obtained for the single-beam multiplexed approach. The instrument has been applied to the determination of water in fuel ethanol with the use of partial least-squares modeling. The absolute standard error of prediction was 0.07% (w/w).
Hiding Information in Document Images (1994)

Consider 2 distinct document... In this paper we show how to use spatial information to reliably hide data in document images. Experimental results reveal that this information survives the distortions introduced by noisy image reproduction devices. We also describe the implementation of a prototype document marking and distribution system. The system can be used to discourage unauthorized reproduction and dissemination of either copyrighted documents distributed electronically, or paper copies of confidential executive memoranda.
Gewinnung niedermolekularer organischer Verbindungen aus komplexen wäßrigen Gemischen durch Extraktion (1989)

Abstract Recovery of low‐molecular organic compounds from complex aqueous mixtures by extraction. This article considers the recovery of alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic carboxyl acids, amino acids, and penicillins from complex media as well as the separation of chemically similar compounds by extraction from complex mixtures.
ANTIGENIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH UROTHELIAL CYTODIFFERENTIATION IN PRIMARY EXPLANT OUTGROWTHS OF MOUSE BLADDER (2002)

The purpose of this study was to establish an in vitro culture model that closely resembles whole mouse urothelial tissue. Primary explant cultures of mouse bladder were established on porous membrane supports and explant outgrowths were analysed for morphology and the presence of antigenic and ultrastructural markers associated with urothelial cytodifferentiation. When examined at the ultrastructural level, the cultured urothelium was polarized and organized as a multilayered epithelium. Differentiation was found to increase from the porous membrane towards the surface and from the explant towards the periphery of the culture. Scanning and transmission electron microscopical analysis of the most superficially-located cells revealed four successive differentiation stages: cells with microvilli, cells with ropy microridges, cells with rounded microridges, and highly-differentiated cells with asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) plaques forming rigid microridges and fusiform vesicles. The more highly-differentiated cells were numerous at the periphery of the culture, but rare close to the explant. Epithelial organization was stabilized by well developed cell junctions. Immunolabeling demonstrated that superficial urothelial cells in culture: (1) develop tight junctions, E-cadherin adherens junctions and abundant desmosomes and (2) express uroplakins and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20). Using a culture model of primary explant outgrowth we have shown that non-differentiated mouse urothelial cells growing on a porous membrane show a high level of de novo differentiation.
CMOS device optimization for system-on-a-chip applications (2002)

This paper describes a 0.13-/spl mu/m-generation CMOS technology optimized for system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications. The wide-range of performances obtained using a triple gate oxide and multiple threshold voltage control allows the SoC to operate at high speed with low standby power. Core CMOS transistors, which have a 1.9 nm gate oxide and a 95-nm physical gate length, show an excellent drive current of 740/335 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at 1.2 V. Low power CMOS transistors have a standby current of only 2-0.2 pA//spl mu/m with a 2.6-nm gate oxide and a 120-nm gate length. This technology has also been used to make a 1.4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ loadless 4T SRAM cell as well as a 2.5-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T cell. The wiring RC delay has been reduced by integrating Cu interconnects with a low-k "ladder-oxide" layer.
Preparation and characterization of fluorescent 50S ribosomes. Specific labeling of ribosomal proteins L7/L12 and L10 of Escherichia coli (1982)

So that the topographic and dynamic properties of the L7/L12--L10 complex in the 50S ribosome of Escherichia coli could be studied, methods and reagents were developed in order to introduce fluorescent groups at specific positions of these proteins. In the case of L7/L12, this was done by attaching an aldehyde group to Lys-51 of the protein by using 4-(4-formylphenoxy)butyrimidate or by converting the amino terminus of L12 into an aldehyde group by periodate oxidation. Subsequent reaction of the aldehyde groups with newly developed hydrazine derivatives of fluorescein and coumarin resulted in specifically labeled L7/L12 derivatives. L10 was modified at the single cysteine residue with N-[7-(dimethylamino)-4-methylcoumarinyl]maleimide. The fluorescent proteins L10 and L7/L12 could be reconstituted into 50S ribosomes. The resulting specifically labeled 50S ribosomes show 25--100% activity in elongation factor G dependent GTPase as well as in polyphenylalanine synthesis. The fluorescent properties of the labeled 50S ribosomes show that these fluorescent derivatives are suitable for energy transfer studies.
Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing using Rayleigh backscatter (2005)

We present a novel technique for distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing based on measuring the temperature-dependent spectral shift of the Rayleigh backscatter signal along an optical fiber. Swept-wavelength interferometry is used to measure the Rayleigh backscatter. (2 pages)
Plasma opening switch conduction scaling (1995)

Plasma opening switch (POS) experiments performed on the Hawk generator [Commisso et al., Phys. Fluids B 4, 2368 (1992)] (750 kA, 1.2 μs) determine the dependence of the conduction current and conduction time on plasma density, electrode dimensions, and current rise rate. The experiments indicate that for a range of parameters, conduction is controlled by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) distortion of the plasma, resulting in a low density region where opening can occur, possibly by erosion. The MHD distortion corresponds to an axial translation of the plasma center-of-mass by half the initial plasma length, leading to a simple scaling relation between the conduction current and time, and the injected plasma density and POS electrode dimensions that is applicable to a large number of POS experiments. For smaller currents and conduction times, the Hawk data suggest a non-MHD conduction limit that may correspond to electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMH) field penetration through the POS plasma.
On the improvement of gate voltage swings in delta -doped GaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/GaAs pseudomorphic heterostructures (1993)

Significant improvements in gate voltage swings in heterostructures prepared by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are discussed. Structures utilizing a compositionally graded In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As channel exhibited a very flat transconductance region of 2 V. The gate voltage swings of single and double delta -doped GaAs/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As/GaAs structures were 2.5 and 2.8 V, respectively. All structures also exhibited high extrinsic transconductance as well as high saturation current densities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracavity chirp compensation in a colliding pulse mode-locked laser using thin-film interferometers (1985)

Dielectric multilayer mirrors designed as Gires–Tournois interferometers have been used in a colliding pulse mode-locked dye laser to study the influence of intracavity group velocity dispersion on the pulse formation. Simple angle tuning of the interferometric mirrors which is equivalent to a change of the net cavity dispersion resulted in a shift of the laser wavelength between 627 and 614 nm. Within this range stable operation with pulse durations of 130 fs or less and average output powers between 30 and 80 mW was obtained. The shortest pulse of 80 fs duration was found at 626 nm.
An Antenna-Sensitized Nitroindoline Precursor to Enable Photorelease of <scp>l</scp>-Glutamate in High Concentrations (2004)

1-Acyl-7-nitroindolines are useful reagents for rapid release of carboxylates upon flash photolysis in aqueous solution and have been particularly effective for rapid (submicrosecond) release of neuroactive amino acids such as l-glutamate in biological experiments. In model systems the efficiency of photorelease has been shown to be greatly improved by attachment of a benzophenone triplet-sensitizing antenna. The present work describes synthesis and initial biological evaluation of the l-glutamate precursor 3. A significant improvement in the overall synthesis uses double Boc protection of the glutamate amino group to avoid side reactions during introduction of the nitro group. To accommodate the multiple functionalities in 3, linkage of the nitroindoline and benzophenone moieties is carried out late in the synthesis. Photolysis of 3 occurs with near-quantitative stoichiometry and the released l-glutamate efficiently activates neuronal glutamate ion channels.
Multi-dimensional void fraction measurement of transient boiling two-phase flow in a heated rod bundle (2015)

A subchannel void sensor (SCVS) was developed to measure the cross-sectional distribution of void fraction in a 5×5 heated rod bundle with o.d. 10 mm and heated length 2000 mm, and applied to a boiling two-phase flow experiment under the atmospheric pressure condition assuming at an accident or in a spent fuel pool in a boiling water reactor (BWR). The SCVS comprises 6-wire by 6-wire and 5-rod by 5-rod electrodes. The wire electrodes of 0.2 mm in diameter are arranged in lattice patterns between the rod bundle, while the electric conductance value in a region near one wire and another corresponds to local void fraction in the central-subchannel region. The local void fractions at 32 points (= 6×6-4) can be obtained as a cross-sectional distribution. The local void fractions near the rod surface at 100 points (= 4×25) can be also estimated by the conductance value in a region between one wire and one rod. The devised sensors are installed at five height levels along the axis to acquire two-phase flow behavior. A pair of SCVS is mounted at each level and placed 30 mm apart to estimate the one-dimensional phasic velocity distribution based on the cross-correlation analysis of both layers. The temporal resolution of void fraction measurement is 1600 frames (cross-sections) per second. The axial and radial power profile of the heated rod bundle are uniform, and eight pairs of sheath thermocouples are embedded on the heated rod to monitor its surface temperature distribution. The boiling two-phase flow experiment, which simulated a boil-off process, was conducted with the devised SCVS and experimental data was acquired under various inlet flow velocity, rod bundle power and inlet subcooling conditions. The experimental results were presented by the axial and cross-sectional distributions of void fraction, phasic velocity and bubble-chord length.
Scripting smart contracts for distributed ledger technology (2017)

We give an overview of the scripting languages used in existing cryptocurrencies, and in particular we review in some detail the scripting languages of Bitcoin, Nxt and Ethereum, in the context of a high-level overview of Distributed Ledger Technology and cryptocurrencies. We survey different approaches, and give an overview of critiques of existing languages. We also cover technologies that might be used to underpin extensions and innovations in scripting and contracts, including technologies for verification, such as zero knowledge proofs, proof-carrying code and static analysis, as well as approaches to making systems more efficient, e.g. Merkelized Abstract Syntax Trees.
Evaluating the Microsoft HoloLens through an augmented reality assembly application (2017)

Industry and academia have repeatedly demonstrated the transformative potential of Augmented Reality (AR) guided assembly instructions. In the past, however, computational and hardware limitations often dictated that these systems were deployed on tablets or other cumbersome devices. Often, tablets impede worker progress by diverting a user's hands and attention, forcing them to alternate between the instructions and the assembly process. Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) overcome those diversions by allowing users to view the instructions in a hands-free manner while simultaneously performing an assembly operation. Thanks to rapid technological advances, wireless commodity AR HMDs are becoming commercially available. Specifically, the pioneering Microsoft HoloLens, provides an opportunity to explore a hands-free HMD’s ability to deliver AR assembly instructions and what a user interface looks like for such an application. Such an exploration is necessary because it is not certain how previous research on user interfaces will transfer to the HoloLens or other new commodity HMDs. In addition, while new HMD technology is promising, its ability to deliver a robust AR assembly experience is still unknown. To assess the HoloLens’ potential for delivering AR assembly instructions, the cross-platform Unity 3D game engine was used to build a proof of concept application. Features focused upon when building the prototype were: user interfaces, dynamic 3D assembly instructions, and spatially registered content placement. The research showed that while the HoloLens is a promising system, there are still areas that require improvement, such as tracking accuracy, before the device is ready for deployment in a factory assembly setting.
The Practice and Procedure of the Commercial Court (Second Edition) by Anthony D Colman QC (1987)

The first edition of this valuable monograph appeared in 1983 and was reviewed in (1986) 2 Arb. Int. 84–85. The book is, whether consciously or otherwise, the successor to Mathew's Practice of the Commercial Court which first appeared in 1902, seven years after the establishment of the Commercial List in February 1895, and out of which the Commercial Court was ultimately to be formally created by the Administration of Justice Act 1970, now replaced by the Supreme Court Act 1981, and authored by the first commercial judge, Mr Justice Mathew. Mr Colman was himself responsible for the second edition of Mathew's Practice which appeared in 1967 but has subsequently redirected his energies to producing a new work of contemporary relevance, although doubtless the spiritual influence of Mathew's Practice lives on. The second edition bears witness to the dynamism of the Commercial Court and its consequential readiness to accommodate procedural change...
Comparison of microwave and lower frequency plasmas for thin film deposition and etching (1985)

We review the literature on cold plasma chemistry, dealing with the plasma deposition of organic (plasma polymers) and inorganic thin films, and with plasma etching, in which the plasma excitation frequency is the principal variable. Based on recent theoretical results by Ferreira and Loureiro, we propose that some observed frequency effects should be interpreted as resulting from different electron energy distribution functions (EEDF), as the shapes of these EEDF depend upon the ratio ν/ω (ν being the electron-neutral collision frequency for momentum transfer and ω the angular frequency of the applied electromagnetic field) of the plasma under consideration. For gas pressures in the range 50–500 mTorr, this leads one to distinguish between low frequency (LF, ≤13.56 MHz, where ν/ω≥1) and microwave plasmas (&gt;300 MHz, the microwave frequency range, for which ν/ω ≪ 1); the microwave plasmas have a comparatively higher population of very energetic electrons. We then present a selection of our own experimental data comparing LF and microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma deposition of organosilicon plasma polymers, and of plasma deposited silicon nitride. Deposition rates in microwave plasmas are found to be about ten times higher than in LF plasmas, and films tend to differ in their structures and physical properties. These results are tentatively attributed to differences in the EEDF, pending confirmation by selected plasma diagnostic experiments.
Current-driven switching of magnetic layers (2001)

The switching of magnetic layers is studied under the action of a spin current in a ferromagnetic metal--nonmagnetic metal--ferromagnetic metal spin valve. We find that the main contribution to the switching comes from the nonequilibrium exchange interaction between the ferromagnetic layers. This interaction defines the magnetic configuration of the layers with minimum energy and establishes the threshold for a critical switching current. Depending on the direction of the critical current, the interaction changes sign and a given magnetic configuration becomes unstable. To model the time dependence of the switching process, we derive a set of coupled Landau-Lifshitz equations for the ferromagnetic layers. Higher order terms in the nonequilibrium exchange coupling allow the system to evolve to its steady-state configuration.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of a Ribozyme Directed Against Hepatitis C Virus RNA Following Subcutaneous or Intravenous Administration in Mice (2000)

A nuclease resistant ribozyme targeting the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) at site 195 has been identified. To investigate the therapeutic utility of this ribozyme, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution with two labeled forms of this ribozyme. [(32)P]-labeled ribozyme was administered as a single subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) bolus at a dose of 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg in C57Bl/6 mice. Regardless of route of administration, peak liver concentrations achieved were greater than the concentration necessary to inhibit HCV-IRES-luciferase expression in cell culture. The ribozyme was well absorbed after SC administration (89%) and had an elimination half-life of 23 minutes. To show intracellular localization of the ribozyme in target tissue, a tetramethyl rhodamine (TMR)-labeled ribozyme was administered as a single SC or IV bolus at a dose of 30 mg/kg in C57Bl/6 mice. Mice treated SC or IV with TMR-labeled ribozyme had positive fluorescence in the liver from 15 minutes to 48 hours after dosing. Definite positive fluorescence was still present at 72 hours in the mice dosed via the IV route. At early time points (15 and 30 minutes postinjection), nuclear and possibly cytoplasmic fluorescence was present in the hepatocytes, and sinusoidal fluorescence was intense. At the later time points, fluorescence became more punctate. Abundant staining was often present in Kupffer cells. This study confirms the retention of ribozyme in liver cells and supports the potential of an anti-HCV ribozyme as a therapeutic agent for treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
LIONS: An AWGR-Based Low-Latency Optical Switch for High-Performance Computing and Data Centers (2012)

This paper discusses the architecture of an arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR)-based low-latency interconnect optical network switch called LIONS, and its different loopback buffering schemes. A proof of concept is demonstrated with a 4 × 4 experimental testbed. A simulator was developed to model the LIONS architecture and was validated by comparing experimentally obtained statistics such as average end-to-end latency with the results produced by the simulator. Considering the complexity and cost in implementing loopback buffers in LIONS, we propose an all-optical negative acknowledgement (AO-NACK) architecture in order to remove the need for loopback buffers. Simulation results for LIONS with AO-NACK architecture and distributed loopback buffer architecture are compared with the performance of the flattened butterfly electrical switching network.