gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E-Prostanoid <sub>4</sub> Receptor Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced (Pro)Renin Receptor Expression in the Rat Renal Medulla (2014)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates (pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression in the renal collecting duct, triggering the local renin response in the distal nephron. Our recent study provided evidence for involvement of cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway in Ang II-dependent stimulation of PRR expression in the collecting duct. Here, we tested the role of E-prostanoid (EP) subtypes acting downstream of cyclooxygenase-2 in this phenomenon. In primary rat inner medullary collecting duct cells, Ang II treatment for 12 hours induced a 1.8-fold increase in the full-length PRR protein expression. To assess the contribution of EP receptor, the cell was pretreated with specific EP receptor antagonists: SC-51382 (for EP1), L-798106 (for EP3), L-161982 (for EP4), and ONO-AE3-208 (ONO, a structurally distinct EP4 antagonist). The upregulation of PRR expression by Ang II was consistently abolished by L-161982 and ONO and partially suppressed by SC-51382 but was unaffected by L-798106. The PRR expression was also significantly elevated by the EP4 agonist CAY10598 in the absence of Ang II. Sprague-Dawley rats were subsequently infused for 1 or 2 weeks with vehicle, Ang II alone, or in combination with ONO. Ang II infusion induced parallel increases in renal medullary PRR protein and renal medullary and urinary renin activity and total renin content, all of which were blunted by ONO. Both tail cuff plethysmography and telemetry demonstrated attenuation of Ang II hypertension by ONO. Overall, these results have established a crucial role of the EP4 receptor in mediating the upregulation of renal medullary PRR expression and renin activity during Ang II hypertension.
Mistletoe Lectins and Their A and B Chains (1986)

Mistletoe lectins are of high biological activity. The mistletoe lectin I (ML I) is a naturally occurring conjugate of an enzyme (A chain) and a lectin (B chain). Its cytotoxicity is caused by inhibiting the protein synthesis on the ribosomal level. Prominent properties of the A chain are mitogenicity and inhibition of the protein synthesis in cell-free systems. The A chain is also a candidate for the construction of immunotoxins. The B chain as well as the intact lectins activate macrophages and release lymphocytes. They both inhibit the allergen-induced histamine release from leukocytes and the collagen-induced serotonin release from platelets. It cannot be excluded that the combination of selectively cytotoxic and immunopotentiating properties of mistletoe lectins and their chains are decisive for the therapeutic effects of mistletoe preparations.
Pose estimation of rigid transparent objects in transparent clutter (2013)

Transparent objects are ubiquitous in human environments but, due to their special interaction with light, very few vision methods exist to identify them. We propose a new algorithm for recognition and pose estimation of rigid transparent objects which can deal with overlapping instances and cluttered environments. Using an active depth sensor for segmentation of the objects and 2d edge analysis for pose estimation, we are able to provide accurate identification and position. The proposed method is evaluated on a Microsoft Kinect and also on a PR2 robot. Results show that the algorithm is robust and accurate enough for robotic grasping and that it can be used in practical applications like table cleaning.
Epitaxial growth of (100)CdTe on (100)GaAs induced by pulsed laser evaporation (1985)

Epitaxial (100) CdTe films were grown on the (100) GaAs surface by pulsed laser evaporation. The growth was achieved on substrates held at 260 °C and under a pressure of about 8×10−8 Torr. High-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and UV reflectivity studies have shown that epilayers of high crystalline quality were obtained. The surface morphology of films thicker than about 0.4 μm approached atomic smoothness. No incorporated impurities, including oxygen and carbon, were found by Auger electron spectroscopy in the films studied.
Microwave Regeneration of Adsorbents at Low Pressure: Experimental Kinetics Studies (1997)

Experimental studies were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of regenerating adsorbents by microwave irradiation to effect recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Low pressure (sub-ambient) microwave desorption tests were conducted in a 2450 MHz multimode cavity for water, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and n-propyl acetate on molecular sieves 5A and 13X, UOP MHSZ, and Dowex Optipore adsorbents. The results show that the dielectrically enhanced mass transfer characteristics result in a system which follows a quasi-equilibrium process consistent with the manufacturer sorption equilibrium data; accordingly, desorption increases with temperature and decreasing system pressure and is not rate-limited by mass transfer resistances.
Evaluation of the next generation gamma imager (2013)

Towards the end of their life-cycle, nuclear facilities are generally associated with high levels of radiation exposure. The implementation of the ALARA principle requires limiting the radiation exposure of the operating people during the different tasks of maintenance, decontamination and decommissioning. CANBERRA's latest involvement in the provision of nuclear measurement solutions has led, in the framework of a technology transfer agreement with CEA LIST, to the development of a new generation gamma imager. The latter, which is designed for an accurate localization of radioactive hotspots, consists of a pixilated chip hybridized to a 1 mm thick CdTe substrate to record photon pulses and a coded mask aperture allowing for background noise subtraction by means of a procedure called mask/anti-mask, which greatly contributes to the reduced size and weight of the gamma imager as gamma shielding around the detector is less required. The spatial radioactivity map is automatically superimposed onto a pre-recorded photographic (visible) image of the scene of interest. In an effort to evaluate the performances of the new gamma imager, several experimental tests have been performed on a industrial prototype to investigate its detection response, including photon sensitivity and angular resolution, over a wide energy range (at least from 59 keV to 1330 keV). The impact of the background noise was also evaluated together with some future features like energy discrimination and parallax correction. This paper presents and discusses the main results obtained in the above experimental study. A comparison with Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP code is provided as well.
Preliminary Study on Treatment of Septic Shock Patients with Antilipopolysaccharide IgG from Blood Donors (1989)

A novel intravenous therapy consisting of polyvalent IgG antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) obtained from screening of blood donors was used for treatment of patients with profound septic endotoxin shock. Investigation of the anti-LPS IgG pharmacokinetics in the 10 patients revealed time related changes in the plasma concentrations of anti-LPS IgG, endotoxin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and the clinical parameters. A decrease in serum concentrations of IgG and IgM antibodies to LPS was observed prior to the immunotherapy as well as in a clinical example of lethal septicemia without anti-LPS immunotherapy. Increasing serum concentrations of anti-LPS IgG during antibody infusion was followed by a decrease in the concentration of endotoxin and TNF. In survivors an IgM and IgG anti-LPS antibody response developed. Using clinical parameters and APACHE II clinical severity scores to measure the clinical condition, a beneficial effect was observed within 24 h corresponding to a decrease in the calculated expected mortality rate from more than 80% to about 50%. Five patients (55%) expired during the study. One patient died in the early septic shock phase. One patient expired due to superimposed hemorrhagic shock. Three immunosuppressed patients died 1-2 weeks after initial recovery, 1 with fungal sepsis and 2 patients due to pseudomonas infection.
The Wnt-5a–Derived Hexapeptide Foxy-5 Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis <i>In vivo</i> by Targeting Cell Motility (2008)

Abstract Purpose: An inherent problem in breast cancer treatment is that current therapeutic approaches fail to specifically target the dissemination of breast cancer cells from the primary tumor. Clinical findings show that the loss of Wnt-5a protein expression in the primary breast tumor predicts a faster tumor spread, and in vitro analyses reveal that it does so by inhibiting tumor cell migration. Therefore, we hypothesized that the reconstitution of Wnt-5a signaling could be a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit breast cancer metastasis. Experimental Design: We used in vitro techniques to show that 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells responded to the reconstitution of Wnt-5a signaling using our novel Wnt-5a mimicking hexapeptide, Foxy-5, in the same way as human breast cancer cells. Therefore, we could subsequently study its effect in vivo on the metastatic spread of cancer following the inoculation of 4T1 cells into mice. Results: In vitro analyses revealed that both recombinant Wnt-5a and the Wnt-5a–derived Foxy-5 peptide impaired migration and invasion without affecting apoptosis or proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells. The in vivo experiments show that i.p. injections of Foxy-5 inhibited metastasis of inoculated 4T1 breast cancer cells from the mammary fat pad to the lungs and liver by 70% to 90%. Conclusions: These data provide proof of principle that the reconstitution of Wnt-5a signaling in breast cancer cells is a novel approach to impair breast tumor metastasis by targeting cell motility. In combination with existing therapies, this approach represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Putative O-Glycosylation Sites and a Membrane Anchor Are Necessary for Apical Delivery of the Human Neurotrophin Receptor in Caco-2 Cells (1998)

We have expressed the human neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75(NTR)) in the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 as a model to study intracellular transport and subcellular sorting signals in intestinal cells. p75(NTR) was localized at the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells and reached this membrane mainly via an indirect pathway. Apical localization, intracellular routing, and basolateral to apical transcytosis were not affected by truncation of the cytoplasmic domain or replacement of the transmembrane domain by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor. Removal of membrane anchoring resulted in basolateral secretion of the ectodomain of p75(NTR) in Caco-2 cells but in apical secretion in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Substitution of potential O-glycosylation sites present in the stalk of p75(NTR) led to intracellular cleavage and secretion of the ectodomain into the basolateral medium both in Caco-2 and MDCK cells. These results suggest that the stalk of p75(NTR) carries an apical sorting information that is recognized efficiently by Caco-2 cells only when attached to the membrane. This apical sorting information is linked to the presence of predicted O-glycosylation sites in that region. These putative O-glycosylation sites also play a role in the regulation of p75(NTR) transport to the cell surface and in the prevention of rapid degradation by cleavage of the stalk domain.
Bundling or unbundling frequently purchased products: a mixed method approach (2011)

Purpose This paper aims to use a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approach to exploring the effectiveness of price bundling. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a concurrent, two‐studies design where quantitative and qualitative data are both collected (concurrently or sequentially) and analyzed separately. The first study is based on a nested experimental design, and the second study is based on in‐depth interviews. The setting for the study is frequently purchased products, specifically teeth‐whitening products. The bundled items are: teeth whitener, toothpaste, mouthwash, toothbrush and dental floss. Various forms of discounts are tested to assess the effectiveness of bundles. While bundling has been investigated in marketing settings, the focus has been limited to consumer durables using quantitative scales. The experimental study is followed by a qualitative investigation in order to add further insight into the consumer's choice of a bundle. This mixed method approach provides rich narrative that adds important insights about the decision process and offers suggestions for advertising development. Findings The findings do not support a bundling approach. Although the consumers perceive higher value of the bundle, the attitudes, intentions and narratives support promoting these items individually rather than as a bundle. Research limitations/implications Caution is advised in extrapolating the results beyond the issues investigated in the study. Practical implications The findings suggest caution for marketers in designing product bundles, positioning, and promotion strategies. Originality/value There are three major contributions of this study. First, the current literature suggests price bundling is an effective strategy. This study suggests that for certain products bundling may not be effective. Second, the past literature has not investigated the influence of type of discount on effectiveness of a bundle. Third, most studies in price bundling are quantitative in nature. This study uses a mixed method approach. The quantitative study is followed by a qualitative study to add further insights that will help understand consumer motivations behind the preferences.
Joint Estimation of Propagation Delay Dispersion and Time of Arrival in a 40-nm CMOS Comparator Bank for Time-Based Receivers (2013)

This brief presents an approach to compensate time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation errors caused by the effect of signal depending propagation delays in receivers for ranging applications. As a straightforward reasoning, reducing the ToA error results in increased power consumption in the analog-front-end blocks of such receivers. In the proposed system topology, the asynchronous receiver's analog-front-end blocks contain an array of identical continuous-time comparators, which makes it suitable for a joint modeling approach and today's low-supply voltages. Attention is paid to tuning the nonstrobed comparator topology to make it suitable for this joint modeling. Using the comparator model in a least-squares-based algorithmic approach can reduce the ToA error (accuracy improvement) to nearly zero. A ToA systematic error reduction of 28 is faced for the ToA figure. Furthermore, energy consumption is more related to the activity of the ranging events, which makes this an interesting approach for ranging measurement rates of less than 1 MHz.
Analytical Electron Microscope Analysis of the Formation of BaO · 6Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1988)

The formation process of barium hexaaluminate (BaO 6Al 2 O 3 ) from BaCO 3 /γ‐Al 2 O 3 powders or hydrolyzed alkoxides was studied by analytical electron microscopy. Barium hexaaluminate is produced by a two‐step solid‐state reaction from BaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 via formation of BaO·Al 2 O 3 . Marked grain growth and inclusion of nonequilibrium phase were inevitable in this powder mixture process. However, in an alkoxide‐derived precursor, homogeneous mixing of components is attained and hence the formation of BaO·6Al 2 O 3 proceeds readily. Powders obtained by this latter route consisted of fine planar particles with a uniform size and retained a large surface area (20.2 m 2 /g) even after heating at 1300°C. Electron diffraction results implied that suppression of crystal growth along the c axis is the reason for the large surface area of BaO·6Al 2 O 3 .
Build-by-Number: Rearranging the Real World to Visualize Novel Architectural Spaces (2006)

We present build-by-number, a technique for quickly designing architectural structures that can be rendered photorealistically at interactive rates. We combine image-based capturing and rendering with procedural modeling techniques to allow the creation of novel structures in the style of real-world structures. Starting with a simple model recovered from a sparse image set, the model is divided into feature regions, such as doorways, windows, and brick. These feature regions essentially comprise a mapping from model space to image space, and can be recombined to texture a novel model. Procedural rules for the growth and reorganization of the model are automatically derived to allow for very fast editing and design. Further, the redundancies marked by the feature labeling can be used to perform automatic occlusion replacement and color equalization in the finished scene, which is rendered using view-dependent texture mapping on standard graphics hardware. Results using four captured scenes show that a great variety of novel structures can be created very quickly once a captured scene is available, and rendered with a degree of realism comparable to the original scene.
Nanosecond Pulse Transformers (1959)

The transmission-line approach to the design of transformers yields a unit with no first-order rise-time limit since this approach uses distributed rather than lumped constants. The total time delay through the transmission-line-type transformer may exceed the rise time by a large factor, unlike conventional transformers. The extra winding length can be employed to improve the low-frequency response of the unit. Transformers can be made for impedance matching, pulse inverting, and dc isolation within the range of about 30 to 300 ohms with rise times of less than 0.5 × 10-9 seconds, and magnetizing time constants in excess of 5 × 10-7 seconds. Voltage-reflection coefflcients of 0.05 or less, and voltage-transmission efficiencies of 0.95 or better can be achieved.
Capacity Fading of Ni-Rich Li[Ni<sub><i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>y</i></sub>Mn<sub>1–<i>x</i>–<i>y</i></sub>]O<sub>2</sub> (0.6 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.95) Cathodes for High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries: Bulk or Surface Degradation? (2018)

Ni-rich Li[NixCoyMn1–x–y]O2 cathodes (x = 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, and 0.95) were tested to characterize the capacity fading mechanism of extremely rich Ni compositions. Increasing the Ni fraction in the cathode delivered a higher discharge capacity (192.9 mA h g–1 for Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 versus 235.0 mA h g–1 for Li[Ni0.95Co0.025Mn0.025]O2); however, the cycling stability was substantially reduced. Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 and Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 retained more than 95% of their respective initial capacities after 100 cycles, while the capacity retention of Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O2 and Li[Ni0.95Co0.025Mn0.025]O2 was limited to 85% during the same cycling period. The relatively inferior cycling stability of Li[NixCoyMn1–x–y]O2 with x > 0.8 is attributed to the phase transition near the charge-end, causing an abrupt anisotropic shrinkage (or expansion during discharge), which was suppressed for compositions of x < 0.8. Residual stress stemming from the phase transition destabilized the internal microcracks and allowed the microcracks to propagate to the surface, providing channels for electrolyte penetration and subsequent degradation of the exposed internal surfaces formed by the microcracks. Further developments in particle morphology are required to dissipate the intrinsic lattice strain, stabilize the surface, and modify the composition to attain a satisfactory long-term cycling stability, and hence battery life.
The emerging role of calmodulin regulation of RyR2 in controlling heart rhythm, the progression of heart failure and the antiarrhythmic action of dantrolene (2016)

Cardiac output and rhythm depend on the release and the take-up of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Excessive diastolic calcium leak from the SR due to dysfunctional calcium release channels (RyR2) contributes to the formation of delayed after-depolarizations, which underlie the fatal arrhythmias that occur in heart failure and inherited syndromes. Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein that regulates target proteins and acts as a calcium sensor. CaM is comprised of two calcium-binding EF-hand domains and a flexible linker. CaM is an accessory protein that partially inhibits RyR2 channel activity. CaM is critical for normal cardiac function, and altered CaM binding and efficacy may contribute to defects in SR calcium release. The present paper reviews CaM binding to RyR2 and how it regulates RyR2 channel activity. It then goes on to review how mutations in the CaM amino acid sequence give rise to inherited syndromes such as Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachychardia (CPVT) and long QT syndrome (LQTS). In addition, the role of reduced CaM binding to RyR2 that results from RyR2 phosphorylation or from oxidation of either RyR2 or CaM contributes to the progression of heart failure is reviewed. Finally, this manuscript reviews recent evidence that CaM binding to RyR2 is required for the inhibitory action of a pharmaceutical agent (dantrolene) on RyR2. Dantrolene is a clinically used muscle relaxant that has recently been found to exert antiarrhythmic effects against SR Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload arrhythmias.
Cover Picture: Peptides Targeting EGF Block the EGF–EGFR Interaction (ChemBioChem 8/2016) (2016)

The cover picture shows the dimerization process that EGFR undergoes upon its activation by the binding of EGF (shown as a green surface) to the extracellular domain. The central involvement of the EGF–EGFR pathway in tumour cell proliferation makes it a key target for cancer therapy. The article describes a novel approach to block EGFR activation by disrupting the interaction between EGF and EGFR. Using docking and receptor hotspot mimicry techniques, a variety of peptide inhibitors targeting EGF were designed, and their binding to EGF was characterized by a range of biophysical techniques. A segment in domain I of EGFR (shown in red) that is relevant for EGF recognition was the cornerstone for developing a cyclic peptide (cp28) that proved to successfully block the EGF–EGFR interaction. More information can be found in the full paper by L. Nevola, E. Giralt et al. on page 702 in Issue 8, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500525).
Methylation of viral and host genes and severity of cervical lesions associated with human papillomavirus type 16 (2014)

Methylation of human papillomavirus (HPV) and host genes may predict cervical cancer risk. We examined the methylation status of selected sites in HPV16 and human genes in DNA extracted from exfoliated cervical cell samples of 244 women harboring HPV16-positive cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). We quantified the methylation of CpG sites in the HPV16 L1 gene (CpG 6367 and 6389) and in the human genes EPB41L3 (CpG 438, 427, 425) and LMX1 (CpG 260, 262, 266, 274) following bisulfite treatment and pyrosequencing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic utility of methylation level for the different sites and for a joint predictor score. Methylation in all sites significantly increased with lesion severity (p < 0.0001). Area under the curve (AUC) was highest among the CIN2/3 vs. cancer ranging from 0.786 to 0.853 among the different sites. Site-specific methylation levels strongly discriminated CIN2/3 from NILM/CIN1 and cancer from CIN2/3 (range of odds ratios [OR]: 3.69-12.76, range of lower 95% confidence bounds: 1.03-4.01). When methylation levels were mutually adjusted for each other EPB41L3 was the only independent predictor of CIN2/3 vs. NILM/CIN1 contrasts (OR = 9.94, 95%CI: 2.46-40.27). High methylation levels of viral and host genes are common among precancerous and cancer lesions and can serve as independent risk biomarkers. Methylation of host genes LMX1 and EPB41L3 and of the viral HPV16 L1 sites has the potential to distinguish among precancerous lesions and to distinguish the latter from invasive disease.