gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity of parenteral halofantrine in uncomplicated malaria (1993)

1 The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity of a new parenteral formulation of halofantrine hydrochloride were evaluated in 12 adults with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and nine adults who attended in convalescence. 2 Intravenous halofantrine (1 mg kg−1 infused in 1 h) was given every 8 h for a total of three doses in the acute study. Halofantrine cleared parasitaemia rapidly in all but one patient, with a mean (s.d.) parasite clearance time of 71 (29) h. Convalescent patients received a single infusion (1 mg kg−1 in 1 h). 3 An open two-compartment model with the following parameters described the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in acute malaria (mean (s.d)): V1 = 0.36 (0.18) 1 kg−1; CL = 0.355 (0.18) 1 h−1 kg−1; t1/2;α = 0.19 (0.12) h; t1/2;β = 14.4 (7.5) h. 4 Intravenous halofantrine in acute malaria produced significant prolongations of the QT and QTc intervals (mean (s.d.)) of 20 (15%) and 8.2 (5.6)%, respectively (P < 0.001) after the third dose, but no clinically significant cardiotoxcity. Eight patients experienced mild to moderate thrombophlebitis at the halofantrine infusion site which had resolved in six by the time of follow-up. In the single treatment failure who received oral quinine, there was a large rise in plasma halofantrine concentration but this did not result in detectable toxicity. 5 These data provide the basis for the design of improved dosing regimens for the use of parenteral halofantrine in malaria.
[Treatment of superficial herpes simplex keratitis with vidarabine (Vira A): multicenter study of 100 cases]. (1990)

The efficacy of 3% Ara-A ophthalmic ointment (Vira A) has been evaluated on 100 epithelial herpetic keratitis; the poor intra-ocular penetration of Ara-A explains the exclusion of stromal keratitis and kerato-unveitis. Patients were treated 5 times a day until complete epithelial healing of ulcers, then twice a day during 7 days. Healing was obtained within 10.6 days for 87% of the patients, who have been treated by Ara-A at first (n = 77) or after failure of IDU or of IDC (n = 23). The healing rate was higher for the 52 first ocular episodes (92%) than for the 48 recurrences (81%); it decreases to 77% for recurrences after failure of IDU or IDC. Geographic ulcers heal in 76% of cases only. Their length has no influence on their healing. The longest healing time, 10.6 days, can be explained by the long period of time before beginning to apply Ara-A, 12.8 days: significative correlation between both periods of time is highlighted and shows the advantage of an early treatment. The need for a local corticotherapy (n = 8) does not hinder healing in 15.5 days. Two weeks after discontinuation of the treatment, 3 patients presented a relapse, sensitive to a 2nd Ara-A course; a maintenance treatment, superior to 7 days, is necessary. Tolerance to Vira A ointment is good. Indications of Ara-A during ocular herpes are superficial keratitis, especially those resistant to IDU or, from experimental data, to ACV, and their prevention by a possible long term treatment.
Synthesis of a new class of double-hydrophilic block copolymers with calcium binding capacity as builders and for biomimetic structure control of minerals (1998)

Small block copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and a second, also hydrophilic, moiety which strongly interacts with alkaline earth ions were synthesized by diverse reaction sequences based on poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ethers (MW = 2000 and 5000 g/mol, respectively). These starting blocks were transferred to the poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl monoglycidyl ether or to poly(ethylene glycols) with one terminal acid chloride group. Both intermediates were subsequently reacted with poly(ethyleneimine) (MW = 700 g/mol) and bromoacetic acid to yield poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[(N-carboxymethyl)ethyleneimine] (PEG-b-PEIPA, average MW = 3800 resp. 6800 g/mol) as a polymeric analog of EDTA. The terminal epoxy group is also convenient for the connection of simple pèptide sequences. For the desired purpose of ion binding, poly(aspartic acid) (PAsp) was applied, resulting in the block copolymer PEO-b-PAsp. A simple testing procedure concerning the inhibition of calcium carbonate precipitation was applied for the prepared structures. A comparison with commercial builders for water treatment such as poly[(acrylic acid)-co-(maleic anhydride)] or poly(aspartic acid) stresses the superb calcium carbonate crystallization inhibition efficiency (up to the 20 fold) of the double hydrophilic block copolymer stabilizers.
Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysms: Assessment With Cardiovascular MRI (2010)

Radiologists should have a systematic approach to the assessment and evaluation of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms to facilitate optimal patient management.
A developmental study of narcissistic tendency (2): In adolescence (1981)

The purpose of this research was to examine adolescent narcissistic tendency. While the concept of narcissism is one of the most important contributions of psychoanalysis, it is at the same time one of the most confusing. Difficulties with the concept are apparent. This paper looks at positive aspects of the concept of narcissism as a stage of development in normal adolescents. A questionnaire was administered to 50 male and 100 female university students. Main results were as follows: In adolescent males their narcissistic tendency was associated with Achievement, while in females with Exhibition and Affiliation. Four factors were extracted and they were named as Fixation (Factor I), Achievement (Factor II), Affiliation (Factor III), and Exhibition (Factor IV). Age differences were also found in the adolescent narcissistic tendency.
Flexible Access System Architecture (FASA) to Support Diverse Requirements and Agile Service Creation (2018)

This paper summarizes our studies on the flexible access system architecture (FASA), which will support a wide range of services and stimulate the creation of new services in the next generation. After reviewing related concepts and technical trends, FASA's concept and use cases are introduced. FASA aims to cover residential, enterprise, and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services. The technical directions associated with implementing FASA and the challenges raised are described. They include hardware design to maximize the use of common hardware, clarification of architectures that suit time-critical applications, and deeper softwarization.
Steric Acceleration of the Lactonization of 2-(Hydroxymethyl)benzoic Acids<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric Acceleration of the Lactonization of 2-(Hydroxymethyl)benzoic Acids1,2J. F. Bunnett and Charles F. HauserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 10, 2214–2220Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01088a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01088a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical vortex trapping of particles (1996)

We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of low-index particles (20-microm-diameter hollow glass spheres in water) by using a single, strongly focused, stationary dark optical vortex laser beam. The holographically generated vortex, which is similar to a TEM(01)* mode beam, was also used to trap and form ring patterns of high-index particles.
X-ray sources for microlithography created by laser radiation at λ=0.26 μm (1987)

We discuss the conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics of x-ray sources produced by focusing 0.26 μm radiation on targets. We optimize the x-ray emission in given spectral ranges by choosing the appropriate target atomic number and irradiation conditions. We study the exposure of PBS photoresist with well characterized subkilovolt and kilovolt x-rays and find the sensitivity as well as the contrast of the resist increase with subkiloelectron volt radiation. The results confirm that the value of x-ray energy per unit volume absorbed at the resist surface is approximately independent of wavelength. A model for the development rate is also proposed to reproduce the experimental data.
Synthesis of Bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) Maleate (2001)

Bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) maleate is a key intermediate for the synthesis of new types of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), so new synthetic routes to this compound are desirable. Through an orthogonal design and follow-up single factor experiments optimal reaction conditions were determined for synthesizing bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidiny) maleate using dimethyl maleate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and zeolite supported tetraisopropyl titanate as catalyst. Under the selected conditions, the reaction rate and the yield are high, the selectivity is good, the catalyst can be recycled, and there are fewer wastes. The product was characterized and quantitatively analyzed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ion suppression chromatography.
Nitric Oxide and Anesthesia (1993)

Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kenjiro Mori, MD, FRCAnaes, Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan. Accepted for publication July 29, 1993.
Interferences in quantitative immunochemical methods (2009)

tween ana lyte and com ple men ta ry an ti bo dy is spe ci fi c, fal se-po si ti ve and fal se-ne ga tive inter fe ren ces are pos sib le. So me in ter fe ren ces are si mi lar to tho se in che mi cal ana lyses and so me are typi cal on ly for im mu noas says.
Blood Flow Measurement Using the Attenuation-Compensated Volume Flowmeter (1979)

Measurement of blood volume flow using Doppler ultrasound has traditionally required determination of the Doppler angle, vessel size, and shape of the velocity profile. In transcutaneous measurements of blood flow, this problem has been a serious drawback in clinical usage. Volume flow is formally defined as the area integral of fluid flux normal to an arbitrary sample plane. Based on this definition, a pulsed Doppler volume flowmeter has been developed which measures flow normal to a thin uniformly illuminated sample volume. Calibration of the flowmeter is described, and implications for clinical use are discussed.
Design and implementation of a prototype Human Protein Index. (1982)

This paper describes information-handling aspects of the TYCHO I analysis system (Clin, Chem. 27: 1807--1820, 1981), which analyzes two-dimensional electrophoresis gels, matches the individual protein spots with those in a reference pattern, and stores various information--including spot measurements, identifications, treatment profiles, set memberships, and comments--in a computerized database. This and additional information such as amino acid composition and cellular localization is then accessible from an interactive program that includes a pictorial user interface and presents much of the data in graphical form. Use of the TYCHO I system is illustrated by examples drawn from analyses of gel patterns from human leukocytes.
High frequency performance of large-grain polysilicon-on-insulator MOSFETs (2001)

Large-grain polysilicon-on-insulator (LPSOI) MOSFETs, formed from amorphous silicon by high-temperature metal-induced-lateral-crystallization (MILC) have been reported to operate in gigahertz range for the first time. Large dimensional (W/L=240/1.2 /spl mu/m) LPSOI NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs display a maximum transconductance (g/sub m max/)=68 mS/mm and 48 mS/mm at V/sub DS/=3 V, respectively. The unity short circuit current gain frequencies (f/sub T/) of NMOSFET and PMOSFET have been found to reach 3.4 GHz and 2.6 GHz at channel length of 1.2 /spl mu/m. With channel length scaling, higher f/sub T/ can be achieved and have been demonstrated with the measured value of 5.1 GHz f/sub T/ for PMOSFET with a channel length of 0.7 /spl mu/m. The f/sub T/ value obtained is the highest among silicon FETs fabricated on nonsingle crystal silicon substrates.
Serum magnesium levels in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver. (2006)

The results of our study showed hypomagnesemia in both studied groups. Decreased magnesium levels found also in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver suggest that alcoholism cannot be the only cause of hypomagnesemia in patients with fatty liver. Hypomagnesemia is not only a laboratory symptom of fatty liver but due to its connection with increased oxidative stress it might be a risk factor in the progression of fatty liver to steatohepatitis (Tab. 3, Ref: 19).
Proof of Work Without All the Work (2017)

Proof-of-work (PoW) is an algorithmic tool used to secure networks by imposing a computational cost on participating devices. Unfortunately, traditional PoW schemes require that correct devices perform computational work perpetually, even when the system is not under attack. We address this issue by designing a general PoW protocol that ensures two properties. First, the network stays secure. In particular, the fraction of identities in the system that are controlled by an attacker is always less than 1/2. Second, our protocol’s computational cost is commensurate with the cost of an attacker. In particular, the total computational cost of correct devices is a linear function of the attacker's computational cost plus the number of correct devices that have joined the system. Consequently, if the network is attacked, we ensure security, with a cost that grows linearly with the attacker’s cost; and, in the absence of an attack, our computational cost remains small. We prove similar guarantees for bandwidth cost. Our result is motivated by blockchain and cryptocurrency systems such as Bitcoin. Thus, our results hold in a dynamic, decentralized system where participants join and depart over time, and where the total computational power of the attacker is up to a constant fraction of the total computational power of correct devices. We demonstrate how to leverage our results to address important security problems in distributed computing including: Sybil attacks, Byzantine consensus, and Committee election.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether)s derived from 4,4′‐bishydroxybiphenyl and 4,4′‐bishydroxyterphenyl (2001)

Abstract A series of poly(arylene ether)s were successfully prepared by aromatic, nucleophilic substitution reactions with various perfluoroalkyl‐activated bisfluoromonomers with 4,4′‐bishydroxybiphenyl and 4,4′‐bishydroxyterphenyl. 4,4′‐Bishydroxyterphenyl was synthesized through the Grignard coupling reaction of magnesium salt of 4‐bromoanisole with dibromobenzene followed by demethylation with pyridine–hydrochloride. The products obtained by the displacement of fluorine atoms exhibited good inherent viscosity, up to 0.77 dL/g, and number‐average molecular weights up to 69,300. These poly(arylene ether)s showed very good thermal stability, up to 548 °C for 5% weight loss according to thermogravimetric analysis under synthetic air, and high glass‐transition temperatures, up to 259 °C according to differential scanning calorimetry, depending on the exact repeat unit structure. These polymers were soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, such as N ‐methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and CHCl 3 , and were insoluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone. Thin films of these poly(arylene ether)s showed good transparency and exhibited tensile strengths up to 132 MPa, moduli up to 3.34 GPa, and elongations at break up to 84%, depending on their exact repeating unit structures. These values are comparable to those of high‐performance thermoplastic materials such as poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and Ultem poly(ether imide) (PEI). These poly(arylene ether)s exhibited low dielectric constants. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 55–69, 2002
Cu-Catalyzed Carbon-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions under Mild Conditions Promoted by Resin-Bound Organic Ionic Bases (2010)

Resin-bound organic ionic bases (RBOIBs) were developed in which tetraalkyl-ammonium or phosphonium cations are covalently attached to solid resins. The application tests showed that the performance of the tetraalkyl-ammonium-type RBOIBs is slightly better than that of the corresponding Cs salts in Cu-catalyzed C-N cross-couplings, while the tetraalkylphosphonium-type RBOIBs are significantly better than all the inorganic bases. With these newly developed RBOIBs, room-temperature Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling with various nonactivated aryl iodides and even aryl bromides can be readily accomplished. Moreover, RBOIBs can be easily recycled and reused for a number of times without much drop of activity. The good performances of RBOIBs are proposed to arise from the relatively weak binding forces between the cationic polymer backbone and basic anions, as opposed to the strong metal-anion interactions in the inorganic bases. Further applications of RBOIBs in Ni-catalyzed Suzuki-type couplings at room temperature, Cu-catalyzed C-N couplings at -30 °C, a Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction at 60 °C, and Cu-catalyzed C-S couplings at room temperature demonstrate that RBOIBs are generally applicable bases with improved performance for many other types of organic transformations.
Dialogue support for memory impaired people (2012)

<p>People affected by the loss of short term memory and cognitive impairment have serious difficulties in communication. This may lead to social isolation and lack of community access, a fundamental key barrier to independence for people suffering from Alzheimer's Disease, the most common form of memory and cognitive impairment. We propose Automated Memory Support for Social Interaction (AMSSI), a system that helps memory impaired people with their social interaction. The system provides active support that may help reducing stress level of patients. AMSSI recognizes visitors, determines the purpose of the visit, monitors the dialogue, determines whether the patient needs support, and provides feedback. AMSSI is tailored to patient needs, it has fast computation, full automation, and can be handled by the patient without supervision. The proposed assistive system can be beneficial for improving the quality of life of patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairments. This paper describes the implementation of the first working prototype of the AMSSI system. Validation user tests are still to be conducted.</p>
High-performance liquid chromatography of rare earth metals by post-column color reaction with Arsenazo III (1983)

A fundamental study on the determination of rare earth metals (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) by HPLC was carried out. In this study, the detection by postcolumn color reaction with Arsenazo III was researched. Lactic acid, which is one of the most common reagents used for the ion exchange separation of the lanthanides, was found to be available as an eluent, because the rare earth metal ions have strongly formed the colored complexes with Arsenazo III and the effect of a large amount of lactate ion on the color reaction was not recognized. The color reaction proceeds instantaneously at room temperature in lactate solution, and the absorption coefficients of each metal complex were almost similar. These rare earth metal ions could be determined by a single calibration curve showing the relationship between the peak area and the concentration, and each rare earth metal to be contained in Misch Metal alloy will be determined by this method.
Clinical and Prognostic Associations Based on Serum Antinuclear Antibodies in Japanese Patients with Systemic Sclerosis (1994)

Determinations of serum ANA in SSc patients are useful in predicting organ involvement and long-term outcome.
Flagships and fragments — perspectives on the conservation of freshwater fishes in southern Africa (2000)

Fishes are relatively conspicuous inhabitants of freshwaters and therefore provide a useful means to monitor and relate aquatic conservation problems to the public. Human attitudes to the conservation of fishes and freshwaters have changed radically over the past 100 years. Three case histories illustrating the growth and development of conservation of freshwater fishes in southern Africa are presented. The Maloti minnow, discovered and described in 1938, was considered possibly extinct in the 1960s. Its rediscovery in high altitude streams in Lesotho and subsequent research on its biology and ecology established it as an icon of conservation for a nation whose development and well-being depends largely on its freshwater resources. The Clanwilliam yellowfish population has declined markedly over the past fifty years. Efforts to conserve the species illustrate the changing directions, frustrations and problems of riverine conservation in recent times. The illusions and problems of alien fish introductions provide a third dramatic example to illustrate the state of fish conservation at the end of the 20th Century.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanovectors with an Antibody Enables Targeted Drug Delivery (2011)

Current chemotherapeutics are characterized by efficient tumor cell-killing and severe side effects mostly derived from off-target toxicity. Hence targeted delivery of these drugs to tumor cells is actively sought. We previously demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized carbon nanovectors are able to sequester paclitaxel, a widely used hydrophobic cancer drug, by simple physisorption and thereby deliver the drug for killing of cancer cells. The cell-killing when these drug-loaded carbon nanoparticles were used was equivalent to when a commercial formulation of paclitaxel was used. Here we show that by further mixing the drug-loaded nanoparticles with Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), paclitaxel is preferentially targeted to EGFR+ tumor cells in vitro. This supports progressing to in vivo studies. Moreover, the construct is unusual in that all three components are assembled through noncovalent interactions. Such noncovalent assembly could enable high-throughput screening of drug/antibody combinations.
Applications Of Percolation Theory (1994)

Over the past two decades percolation theory has been used to explain and model a wide variety of phenomena that are of industrial and scientific importance. Examples include characterization of porous materials and reservoir rocks, fracture patterns and earthquakes in rocks, calculation of effective transport properties of porous media permeabilit