gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using antibodies in tumour immunotherapy (2004)

The role of antibodies as therapeutic cancer vaccines includes two distinct approaches, which are summarised in this review, namely anti-idiotypic vaccines and antigen-antibody complex therapies. Bispecific antibodies directed against T cells or antigen-presenting cells are also referenced. The report focuses on theoretical issues, laboratory data on the mechanism of action, examples of humoral and cellular immune induction, and novel therapeutic advances in vaccine development. The biology of antigen processing and recent advances in the field of dendritic cell biology are critical to understanding the potent immune response induction. Future directions include combination therapies to manipulate immune regulatory mechanisms and to enhance clinical effects. Additional applications of antibodies targeting costimulatory or regulatory receptors on antigen-presenting cells and T cells, neutralising immune suppressive cytokines, and depleting T regulatory cells hold promise for future mono- and particularly combination therapies.
Packing Density Control in P(NIPAM-co-AAc) Microgel Monolayers: Effect of Surface Charge, pH, and Preparation Technique (2008)

In the present paper, thermosensitive coatings are prepared by deposition of P(NIPAM-co-AAc) microgel particles on precoated silicon wafers. The effect of pH, substrate precoating, and preparation technique is studied. The pH value is found to significantly influence the adsorption density, while the substrate surface charge is less important. Hence, the electrostatic contribution of the particle-particle interaction seems to play a more pronounced role for the adsorption density than at least the electrostatic part of the particle-surface interaction. For the latter, also nonelectrostatic contributions like hydrogen bonding and surface roughness play an important role. Immersion of the prepared polyelectrolyte/microgel layers in buffers leads to a reorganization of the adsorbed particles at the surface.
Testing of packaging materials for improved PV module reliability (2005)

A number of candidate alternative encapsulant and soft backsheet materials have been evaluated in terms of their suitability for photovoltaic (PV) module packaging applications. Relevant properties, including interfacial adhesion and moisture transport, have been measured as a function of damp-heat (85/spl deg/C / 85% relative humidity) exposure. Based on these tests, promising new encapsulants with improved properties have been identified. Backsheets prepared by industry and at NREL have been found to provide varying levels of moisture ingress protection. To achieve significantly improved products, further development of these candidates is ongoing. The relative effectiveness of various packaging strategies to protect PV devices has also been investigated.
Investigation of the optical properties of YAG:Ce phosphor (2006)

Recently, many studies have used optical ray-tracing analysis to investigate novel concepts of phosphor-converted white LEDs. Even though optical ray-tracing is a convenient tool, the accuracy of the results depends very much on the optical properties of the various components within the package used in the analysis. Presently, light transmission, reflection, and absorption properties of white LED phosphors are not very well quantified. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to quantify at different wavelengths of light the optical properties of a medium that has YAG:Ce phosphor mixed into epoxy. When short-wavelength radiation (blue light) strikes the epoxy-phosphor medium, some portion of the blue light is converted to longer wavelength radiation (yellow light). At a phosphor density suitable for creating a balanced white light, the amount of back-transferred and forward-transferred light, including blue and yellow light, are 53% and 47%, respectively. At a similar phosphor density, when green and red radiant energies strike the epoxyphosphor medium, most of the energy is not converted by the YAG:Ce phosphor because it is beyond the phosphor's excitation region. In this case, nearly equal amounts of green and red radiant energy are transferred in the backward and forward directions. To demonstrate the usefulness of the results obtained in this study, an optical ray-tracing analysis of a remote phosphor white LED package was conducted. This analysis showed that the surface finish of the reflector cup of a reflective type remote phosphor white LED package does not affect extraction efficiency.
Rotor Interaction Noise in Counter-Rotating Propfan Propulsion Systems (2011)

Due to their inherent noise challenge and potential for significant reductions in fuel burn, counter-rotating propfans (CRPs) are currently being investigated as potential alternatives to high-bypass turbofan engines. This paper introduces an integrated noise and performance assessment methodology for advanced propfan powered aircraft configurations. The approach is based on first principles and combines a coupled aircraft and propulsion system mission and performance analysis tool with 3D unsteady, full-wheel CRP computational fluid dynamics computations and aeroacoustic simulations. Special emphasis is put on computing CRP noise due to interaction tones. The method is capable of dealing with parametric studies and exploring noise reduction technologies. An aircraft performance, weight and balance, and mission analysis was first conducted on a candidate CRP powered aircraft configuration. Guided by data available in the literature, a detailed aerodynamic design of a pusher CRP was carried out. Full-wheel unsteady 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations were then used to determine the time varying blade surface pressures and unsteady flow features necessary to define the acoustic source terms. A frequency domain approach based on Goldstein’s formulation of the acoustic analogy for moving media and Hanson’s single rotor noise method was extended to counter-rotating configurations. The far field noise predictions were compared to measured data of a similar CRP configuration and demonstrated good agreement between the computed and measured interaction tones. The underlying noise mechanisms have previously been described in literature but, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the individual contributions of front-rotor wake interaction, aft-rotor upstream influence, hub-endwall secondary flows, and front-rotor tip-vortices to interaction tone noise are dissected and quantified. Based on this investigation, the CRP was redesigned for reduced noise incorporating a clipped rear-rotor and increased rotor-rotor spacing to reduce upstream influence, tip-vortex, and wake interaction effects. Maintaining the thrust and propulsive efficiency at takeoff conditions, the noise was calculated for both designs. At the interaction tone frequencies, the redesigned CRP demonstrated an average reduction of 7.25 dB in mean sound pressure level computed over the forward and aft polar angle arcs. On the engine/aircraft system level, the redesigned CRP demonstrated a reduction of 9.2 dB in effective perceived noise (EPNdB) and 8.6 EPNdB at the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 36 flyover and sideline observer locations, respectively. The results suggest that advanced open rotor designs can possibly meet Stage 4 noise requirements.
The mechanism of toluene-assisted crystallization of organic–inorganic perovskites for highly efficient solar cells (2016)

We investigate the influence of solvent drenching in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbX) crystallization process with a non-solvent, toluene, during film fabrication process.
Towards Energy Efficient Multi-Hop D2D Networks Using WiFi Direct (2017)

WiFi Direct is a new technology that enables direct Device-to Device (D2D) communication. This technology has a great potential to enable various proximity-based applications such as multimedia content distribution, social networking, cellular traffic offloading, mission critical communications, and Internet of Things (IoT). However, in such applications, energy consumption of battery-constrained devices is a major concern. In this paper, we propose a novel power saving protocol that aims at optimizing energy consumption and throughput of user devices by controlling the WiFi Direct group size and transmit power of the devices. We model a content distribution scenario in NS-3 and present the performance evaluation. Our simulation results demonstrate that even a small modification in the network configuration can provide a considerable energy gain with a minor effect on throughput. The observed energy saving can be as high as 1000% for a throughput loss of 12%.
A computerized system of nail-fold capillaroscopy for dry eye disease diagnosis (2012)

Nail-fold Capillaroscopy is a convenient and non-invasive tool to evaluate peripheral circulation. Rheumatic diseases such as Raynaud’s disease and systemic sclerosis are investigated mostly by nail-fold capillaroscopy. However, it has not been used popularly due to the lack of golden standard in both measurement procedure and objective quantity analysis. This study proposes a computerized system of nail-fold capillaroscopy (CNC). CNC includes standard measurement procedures and three criterions of microcirculation which are capillary density, capillary width and blood flow velocity. CNC is applied to the images of 36 normal subjects and seven patients of dry eye disease (DED). We found density and width of afferent capillary were the better parameters to identify DED (p < 0.05). CNC could be a good auxiliary diagnostic tool for DED.
Alignment of crane rails using a survey network (1995)

Abstract Alignment surveys have been carried out by various means and for a variety of applications for decadas. Although optical offset and photogrammetric methods are successfully used in many cases. triangulation using theodolites or total stations is preferred for most alignment surveys carried out by surveyors. This paper describes a novel alignment survey which required 300m long crane rails to be measured to an accuracy of one millimetre using a combination of angular triangulation and distance measurement.
Unified Tri-Services Cognitive Performance Assessment Battery: Review and Methodology (1987)

The Unified Tri-Services Cognitive Performance Assessment Battery (UTC-PAB) represents the primary metric for a Level 2 evaluation of cognitive performance in the JWGD3 MILPERF chemical defense biomedical drug screening program. The UTC-PAB contains a menu of 25 tests that were selected from test batteries currently in existence throughout DoD research laboratories. Test selection was based upon established test validity and relevance to military performance. Sensitivity to effects of hostile environments and sustained operations were also considerations involved in test selection. This report presents a scheme for organizing the tests in the UTC-PAB. Also, extensive documentation for each test is presented in the following areas: background literature review focusing of the theoretical basis of the test; information regarding the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the test; data specifications; and instructions to subjects. This information is presented to guide researchers in the selection and interpretation of tests in the UTC-PAB. Keywords: Human performance; Tests; Task battery.
Identification and Expression of Cephamycinase <i>bla</i> <sub>CMY</sub> Genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates from Food Animals and Ground Meat (2001)

Twenty-one Salmonella and 54 Escherichia coli isolates, recovered from food animals and retail ground meats, that exhibited decreased susceptibilities to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone were shown to possess a bla(CMY) gene. The bla(CMY-4) gene was identified in an E. coli isolate recovered from retail chicken and was further shown to be responsible for resistance to cephalothin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and elevated MICs of ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, and ceftiofur.
A review on research progress in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen: noble-metal catalytic method, fuel-cell method and plasma method (2015)

The direct synthesis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>from H<sub>2</sub>and O<sub>2</sub>using Pd catalyst, fuel cell and plasma methods have been reviewed systematically.
Localization of a carboxylic residue possibly involved in the inhibition of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase by N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide (1999)

A vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1) that catalyses PPi hydrolysis and the electrogenic translocation of protons from the cytosol to the vacuole lumen, was purified from etiolated hypocotyls of mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L.). Group-specific modification was used to identify a carboxylic residue involved in the inhibition of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase. Carbodi-imides, such as N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide (DCCD) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodi-imide, and Woodward's reagent K caused a progressive decline in the enzymic activity of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The stoichiometry of labelling of the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase by [14C]DCCD determined that DCCD modifies one carboxylic residue per subunit of the enzyme. Protection studies suggest that the DCCD-reactive carboxylic residue resides at or near the substrate-binding site. Furthermore, peptide mapping analysis reveals that Asp283, located in the putative loop V of a tentative topological model of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase on the cytosolic side, was labelled by radioactive [14C]DCCD. Cytosolic loop V contains both DCCD-sensitive Asp283 and a conserved motif sequence, rendering it a candidate for the catalytic site of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase. A topological picture of the active domain of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase is tentatively proposed.
Tailoring the Catalytic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles via Support Interactions (2016)

The development of new catalysts for energy technology and environmental remediation requires a thorough knowledge of how the physical and chemical properties of a catalyst affect its reactivity. For supported metal nanoparticles (NPs), such properties can include the particle size, shape, composition, and chemical state, but a critical parameter which must not be overlooked is the role of the NP support. Here, we highlight the key mechanisms behind support-induced enhancement in the catalytic properties of metal NPs. These include support-induced changes in the NP morphology, stability, electronic structure, and chemical state, as well as changes in the support due to the NPs. Utilizing the support-dependent phenomena described in this Perspective may allow significant breakthroughs in the design and tailoring of the catalytic activity and selectivity of metal nanoparticles.
Preattentive reading and selective attention for document image analysis (1999)

PixED (from Pixel to Electronic Document) is aimed at converting document images into structured electronic documents which can be read by a machine for information retrieval. The approach is based on the combination of perception and symbol reading which are the two processes involved when humans detect the organisation of a document. "Preattentive reading" denotes the physical segmentation related to perceptual organisation. "Selective attention" means that symbol reading is limited to specific sequences of symbols or to pre-attentively selected locations. An OCR provides the primary structured description of the document. PixED improves the quality of this description, completes the physical segmentation and adds a logical description. A distributed software architecture and an incremental strategy are defined to enable the integration of perception and symbol reading. The approach is tested on a set of documents composed of several pages which are gathered from proceedings of scientific conferences.
Error-free compression of multispectral image data using linear vector prediction (2002)

A method for error-free (loss-less) compression of digitized multispectral image data is investigated. The compressor applies the linear prediction technique to the pixel vectors in the spectral direction to exploit and remove both the inter-band and the intra-band redundancy in the multispectral image data set. The method is error-free in that no information is lost in the reconstructed image data compared with the original data. Also, the compressed file is designed so that the partial decoding is possible directly from the compressed file. Thus any rectangular portion in the image frame of any spectral band in the multispectral data set is able to be extracted without decoding of other portions. This provides a great convenience to the data user and saves a great deal of temporary storing space in the decoding procedure. Comparisons with other common data compression software are given, from which the advantage of the proposed method in the compression rate is obviously seen.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Letters to the editor: Improved Hamiltonian Paths (1968)

No abstract available.
The Spectrum of Mutations in <i>TSC1</i> and <i>TSC2</i> in Women with Tuberous Sclerosis and Lymphangiomyomatosis (2001)

Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive and often fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by a diffuse proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs. LAM is of unusual interest biologically because it affects almost exclusively young women. LAM can occur as an isolated disorder (sporadic LAM) or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Because only a minority of women with TSC develops symptomatic LAM, we hypothesized that a relationship might exist between the type of germline TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutation and the risk of developing LAM. We examined all 41 exons of the TSC2 gene and 21 coding exons of the TSC1 gene for mutations in a group of 14 women with both TSC and LAM using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Seven mutations were found in TSC2 and one in TSC1. Of the seven patients with TSC2 mutations, two had the same in-frame exon 40 deletion and one had an exon 41 missense change. We conclude that germline mutations in the extreme carboxy-terminus of tuberin can result in LAM. Further studies will be required to determine whether mutations in exons 40 and 41 are associated with an increased incidence and/or severity of LAM in women with TSC.
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nuclear Antigen in Infectious Mononucleosis (1974)

Development of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) was studied in 72 patients with heterophil antibody-positive infectious mononucleosis. In contrast to the early response of antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigens observed in all patients and to the D component of the Epstein-Barr virus-induced early antigens in 80% of the patients, antibodies to EBNA arose usually only one or more months after onset; in a few patients, however, these antibodies became detectable within three weeks. All patients eventually developed antibodies to EBNA. The geometric mean titer increased gradually, but even after one year it did not match that in healthy donors. After primary infections antibody to EBNA probably persists for life, since all donors with antibody to viral capsid antigen (some of them over 50 years old) showed antibody to EBNA. Conversely, no donor without antibody to viral capsid antigen had antibody to EBNA. The time of appearance of antibody to EBNA during infectious mononucleosis was unrelated to severity of illness.
Development of optical grade polycrystalline <scp>YIG</scp> ceramics for faraday rotator (2018)

Abstract Fully dense and infrared transparent YIG (Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 ) ceramics was successfully produced by solid‐state reaction of Y 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 powders. Its relative density reached 99.8% (5.16 g/cm 3 ) after sintered at 1400°C for 3 hours, and almost 100% relative density (5.17 g/cm 3 ) was obtained by additional HIP treatment. It was transparent at wavelength ranges longer than 1100 nm, and its in‐line transmittance (ca. 75%‐77%) was very comparable to that of commercial YIG single crystal especially over 1700 nm. Faraday rotation angle at 1300 and 1550 nm was 224 and 175 deg/cm, respectively, and extinction ratio was 35 dB and insertion loss polarized at 45° was 0.3 dB at 1550 nm. It was confirmed that the Faraday effect of polycrystalline material which has numerous grain boundaries and randomized crystal orientations is analogous to that of the single crystal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to achieve highly transparent polycrystalline iron garnet ceramics successfully, and it is expected to use as an optical isolator in optical communication and medical field.
Validation of an Enhanced Version of a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Test for Detection of Fetal Aneuploidies (2016)

The enhanced version of this SNP-based NIPT method showed a reduced no-call rate and a reduced fetal-fraction threshold for sample calling in comparison to the earlier version, while maintaining high sensitivity and specificity.
Selective apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cells by Myrothamnus flabellifolius, an edible medicinal plant (2014)

Current therapies for acute myeloid leukemia involve chemotherapy and radiation, which cause damage to normal and cancerous cells. There is a dire need to discover novel drugs that target only cancer cells. Myrothamnus flabellifolius is a South African resurrection plant known for its anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.Human myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cells and normal (TK-6) lymphocytes were treated with methanolic (MeOH) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts of M. flabellifolius. Cancerous cells treated with MeOH extract were less viable than those treated with PE extract. Normal cells depicted no significant reduction in viability in the MeOH extract at and below IC50 levels. The loss in HL-60 viability was accompanied by the induction of caspase dependent apoptosis by way of caspase-7 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage.
Effect of Phosphorus on the Magnetic Losses of Non-oriented 2% Si Steel (2012)

The effect of P, ranging from 0.0 to 0.10 mass%, on the core losses of electrical steels containing 2.0 mass% silicon has been investigated. The core losses were separated into hysteresis losses, classical eddy current losses and anomalous losses. The hysteresis losses were found to decrease with increasing P content due to a larger grain size brought about by P additions. The anomalous losses were proportional to the square root of the grain size, and decreased with increasing volume fraction of grains with a ND || <111> orientation. The lowest anomalous losses were obtained at 0.05 mass% P content.
Exploring the Structure and Properties of Transition Metal Templated {VM<sub>17</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>} Dawson-Like Capsules (2011)

Vanadate(V)-templated Dawson-type capsules {V(IV)M(VI)(17)(VO(4))(2)} (M = Mo, W; 1-2) have been synthesized and investigated by electrochemical methods in aqueous and organic media using spectroscopic techniques, EPR, UV-vis/NIR, IR, and CSI-MS (cryospray ionization mass spec.), and the clusters have been examined in the solid state by magnetic studies. The collision-induced dissociation (CID-MS) studies confirmed the solution structures as well as helped pinpoint the position of the vanadium ion on the {VM(17)}-type shell, which was corroborated by EPR and theoretical studies.