gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously Typing Nine Serotypes of Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease by a GeXP Analyzer-Based Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay (2011)

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral disease occurring primarily in young children and caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and other serotypes of coxsackievirus and echovirus. In this study, a GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay (GeXP assay) consisting of chimeric primer-based PCR amplification with fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis separation was developed to simultaneously identify nine serotypes of enteroviruses associated with HFMD in China, including EV71, CVA16, CVA4, -5, -9, and -10, and CVB1, -3, and -5. The RNAs extracted from cell cultures of viral isolates and synthetic RNAs via in vitro transcription were used to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The GeXP assay detected as little as 0.03 tissue culture infective dose (TCID(50)) of EV71 and CVA16, 10 copies of panenterovirus, EV71, CVA16, CVB1, and CVB5, and 100 copies of 10 (including panenterovirus) premixed RNA templates. A total of 180 stool specimens collected from HFMD patients and persons suspected of having HFMD were used to evaluate the clinical performance of this assay. In comparison with the results of conventional methods, the sensitivities of the GeXP assay for detection of panenterovirus, EV71, and CVA16 were 98.79% (163/165), 91.67% (44/48), and 91.67% (33/36), respectively, and the specificities were 80.00% (12/15), 98.48% (130/132), and 100% (144/144), respectively. The concordance of typing seven other serotypes of enteroviruses with the results of conventional methods was 92.59% (25/27). In conclusion, the GeXP assay is a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput method for typing nine serotypes of HFMD-associated enteroviruses.
Prolonged Islet Allograft Survival in Diabetic NOD Mice by Targeting CD45RB and CD154 (2003)

Clinical islet transplantation is a successful procedure that can improve the quality of life in recipients with diabetes. A drawback of the procedure is the need for chronic administration of immunosuppressive drugs that, among other side effects, are potentially diabetogenic. Definition of immunosuppressive protocols that utilize nondiabetogenic compounds could further improve islet transplantation outcome. We used the NOD mouse to assess the effect of targeting the T-lymphocyte surface receptors CD45RB and CD154 in preventing loss of allogeneic islet grafts as a result of recurrence of autoimmunity and allorejection. Administration of the two antibodies led to significantly prolonged allograft survival, with a percentage of grafts surviving long-term. The therapeutic efficacy of the treatment was paralleled by a shift in CD45RB isoform expression on T-lymphocytes, increased in vitro responsiveness to interleukin-7, and increased in vitro gamma-interferon production after anti-CD3 antibody stimulation. Furthermore, graft infiltration by CD8+ T-cells was remarkably reduced. Recipient mice bearing functioning allografts were otherwise immunocompetent, as assessed in vivo and in vitro by numerous tests, including intragraft cytokine production, responsiveness to polyclonal stimulation and alloantigens, and analysis of cell subset phenotype. These data show that nondiabetogenic regimens of immunomodulation can lead to prolonged islet allograft survival in the challenging NOD mouse model.
An Analytical Study of Cryosurgery in the Lung (1992)

The process of freezing in healthy lung tissue and in tumors in the lung during cryosurgery was modeled using one-dimensional close form techniques and finite difference techniques to determine the temperature profiles and the propagation of the freezing interface in the tissue. A thermal phenomenon was observed during freezing of lung tumors embedded in healthy tissue, (a) the freezing interface suddenly accelerates at the transition between the tumor and the healthy lung, (b) the frozen tumor temperature drops to low values once the freezing interface moves into the healthy lung, and (c) the outer boundary temperature has a point of sharp inflection corresponding to the time at which the tumor is completely frozen.
Decarboxylation Studies. II. Preparation of Alkyl Phenyl Ketones<sup>1,2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecarboxylation Studies. II. Preparation of Alkyl Phenyl Ketones1,2Charles Granito and Harry P. SchultzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 3, 879–881Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01038a521https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01038a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views406Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy efficient IP reachability for push service in NATted LTE systems (2014)

As smartphones have become increasingly pervasive, large amount of mobile data traffic has started to overwhelm the networks. Surprisingly, according to [1], the main cause of network congestion in cellular networks today is not only the data traffic generated by smartphones, but also the underlying signaling from the smartphone applications such as push email, instant messaging, and social network services. Such signaling is inevitable as the service providers need to provide always connected service to users. Among multiple signaling burdens, we consider “keepalive” message that is widely used to make a persistent IP connection for most push services in order to keep Network Address Translation (NAT) tables refreshed. Keepalive messages not only overburden the cellular network due to accompanied signaling traffics, but also significantly reduce the battery life of smartphones. In this paper, we propose a method that makes the push service possible without a keepalive mechanism for NATted network system. When the application servers have data to send to some UE given that the UE's information such as IP address and port number is not available in the servers, they first request this information from the network instead of maintaining a persistent IP connection. Our proposal helps increasing the battery life of the smartphone and relieving the overhead of the network. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce both battery power consumption and signaling traffic of UE by more than about 30% and 20%, respectively, compared to the keepalive-based legacy mechanism.
A subsequence matching with gaps-range-tolerances framework (2011)

We propose a novel subsequence matching framework that allows for gaps in both the query and target sequences, variable matching tolerance levels efficiently tuned for each query and target sequence, and also constrains the maximum match length. Using this framework, a space and time efficient dynamic programming method is developed: given a short query sequence and a large database, our method identifies the subsequence of the database that best matches the query, and further bounds the number of consecutive gaps in both sequences. In addition, it allows the user to constrain the minimum number of matching elements between a query and a database sequence. We show that the proposed method is highly applicable to music retrieval. Music pieces are represented by 2-dimensional time series, where each dimension holds information about the pitch and duration of each note, respectively. At runtime, the query song is transformed to the same 2-dimensional representation. We present an extensive experimental evaluation using synthetic and hummed queries on a large music database. Our method outperforms, in terms of accuracy, several DP-based subsequence matching methods---with the same time complexity---and a probabilistic model-based method.
Reliable LWD Calliper Measurements (2011)

Abstract While perhaps not so glamorous as other measurements, calliper measurements are nonetheless an essential component of formation evaluation. Not only do we need to know the hole size for environmental corrections to other logs, such as nuclear measurements and sonic dispersion analysis, but an accurate indication of hole shape will tell us much about wellbore stability and mud optimization. For example, an elliptical wellbore can indicate the maximum and minimum stress directions. Hole enlargement/washout can indicate that the mud is too heavy or too reactive with the formation. An under-gauge hole might indicate bit wear. We also need to know the hole size to determine how much cement should be used, which is an important environmental and safety concern. This paper reviews the physics of LWD hole-size indicators, including ultrasonic, sonic, density, and resistivity tools. Design aspects, such as transducer geometry and processing techniques to determine standoff, hole size, hole shape, and tool position, will be considered. Operational factors, such as tool centralization, mud density, formation velocity, and tool location in the borehole assembly will be discussed. We will also consider what data can be transmitted in real time vs. what is stored in memory. Methods for determining the mud velocity, a critical factor in acoustic calliper measurements, will be considered. Field examples of ultrasonic, sonic, and density-derived hole size are shown. Finally, we will conclude with a summary of conditions under which callipers can be expected to function well and where they might not as well as techniques to optimize calliper data acquisition.
Quantitative measurements of <i><scp>N</scp></i>‐linked glycoproteins in human plasma by <scp>SWATH</scp>‐<scp>MS</scp> (2013)

SWATH-MS is a data-independent acquisition method that generates, in a single measurement, a complete recording of the fragment ion spectra of all the analytes in a biological sample for which the precursor ions are within a predetermined m/z versus retention time window. To assess the performance and suitability of SWATH-MS-based protein quantification for clinical use, we compared SWATH-MS and SRM-MS-based quantification of N-linked glycoproteins in human plasma, a commonly used sample for biomarker discovery. Using dilution series of isotopically labeled heavy peptides representing biomarker candidates, the LOQ of SWATH-MS was determined to reach 0.0456 fmol at peptide level by targeted data analysis, which corresponds to a concentration of 5-10 ng protein/mL in plasma, while SRM reached a peptide LOQ of 0.0152 fmol. Moreover, the quantification of endogenous glycoproteins using SWATH-MS showed a high degree of reproducibility, with the mean CV of 14.90%, correlating well with SRM results (R(2) = 0.9784). Overall, SWATH-MS measurements showed a slightly lower sensitivity and a comparable reproducibility to state-of-the-art SRM measurements for targeted quantification of the N-glycosites in human blood. However, a significantly larger number of peptides can be quantified per analysis. We suggest that SWATH-MS analysis combined with N-glycoproteome enrichment in plasma samples is a promising integrative proteomic approach for biomarker discovery and verification.
Design Reading Techniques (2016)

The general reading techniques discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, ad hoc reading, checklist-based reading, and perspective-based reading, have all been applied to inspect design documents. This chapter discusses a few more reading techniques applicable specifically to design artifacts, namely usage-based reading, traceability-based reading, and scope-based reading.
Review: An update on inflammatory and autoimmune myopathies (2010)

The review provides an update on the diagnosis of the main subtypes of inflammatory myopathies including dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), necrotizing autoimmune myositis (NAM) and sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). The fundamental aspects on muscle pathology and the unique pathomechanisms of each subset are outlined and the diagnostic dilemmas concerning the distinction of PM from sIBM and NAM are addressed. Dermatomyositis is a complement-mediated microangiopathy leading to destruction of capillaries, hypoperfusion and inflammatory cell stress on the perifascicular regions. NAM, is an increasingly recognized subacute myopathy triggered by statins, viral infections, cancer or autoimmuity with macrophages as the final effector cells causing fibre injury. In PM and sIBM cytotoxic CD8-positive T cells clonally expand in situ and invade major histocompatibility-I-expressing muscle fibres. The pathology of sporadic inclusion body myositis is complex because, in addition to the inflammatory mechanisms, there are degenerative features characterized by vacuolization and the accumulation of stressor and amyloid-related misfolded proteins. Inducible pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin 1-β, may enhance the accumulation of stressor proteins. The principles for more effective treatment strategies are discussed.
Targeting annexin A4 to counteract chemoresistance in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (2010)

Annexin A4 enhances cancer cell chemoresistance and is overexpressed in tumors of patients with ovarian CCC. Targeting of annexin A4 may represent a future strategy to counteract resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian CCC.
Optically and Thermally Stimulated Luminescence of KMgF3:Ce3+ and NaMgF3:Ce3+ (2002)

The potentialities of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) for personal dosimetry of ionising radiation have stimulated the search for new synthetic materials with good dosimetric properties. The sensitivity of two new OSL materials KMgF3 and NaMgF3 doped with Ce3+ ions has been evaluated and found to be of the same order of magnitude as that of Al2O3:C. Several other characteristics have also been investigated. Promising results for KMgF3:Ce are the high sensitivity and the low fading. However, this material suffers from a high self-dose due to the presence of 40K. NaMgF5:Ce is sensitive as well but shows strong fading. Interesting information on the mechanism has been obtained by correlating the signals of OSL and TL. Furthermore, the different bleachabilities under blue LED illumination of the strongly overlapping glow peaks allowed the extraction of one single peak for KMgF3:Ce3+. The results demonstrate new possibilities offered by the combination of TL and OSL.
Early Effects of Castration on the Vascular System of the Rat Ventral Prostate Gland* (1999)

Recent studies have found that blood flow to the rat ventral prostate gland is drastically reduced at an early time after castration. These observations caused us to reevaluate the effects of castration on the various cell populations of the ventral prostate, especially those in the prostatic vascular system. Sections of ventral prostate glands obtained at different times after castration were analyzed using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick END labeling) staining method to quantify apoptosis in different cell types. The results of this analysis showed a significant increase in TUNEL staining of prostate endothelial and (nonendothelial) stromal cells as early as 12 h postcastration that continued to 24 h after castration. In contrast, TUNEL labeling of prostate epithelial cells was not significantly increased compared with control values until 72 h after castration. The use of dual immunohistochemical staining procedures (anti-CD31 for endothelial cells or antismooth muscle actin for smooth muscle cells combined with TUNEL labeling) allowed us to confirm that the TUNEL-positive vascular cells at these early times after castration were endothelial in nature, whereas smooth muscle cells surrounding the prostate glands or portions of the afferent vascular endothelium were rarely TUNEL labeled. Electron microscopic evaluation of ventral prostate tissues at 48 h after castration provided further morphological evidence for the occurrence of apoptosis in prostate endothelial cells. Finally, the Lendrum-Fraser histochemical procedure used to identify fibrin leakage in tissues with vascular damage was applied to sections of the ventral prostate gland. This stain revealed diffuse fibrin accumulation in periglandular areas outside the capillaries and blood vessels in prostates from 24-h castrated rats, but not in prostates of sham-operated rats. Our results confirm an early effect of castration on the vascular system of the rat ventral prostate identified by increased apoptosis of endothelial cells and vascular leakiness. As these changes temporally precede the loss of epithelial cells, we propose that they may be causal rather than incidental to regression of the rat ventral prostate after castration.
Electrodeposited Au/FeAu Nanowires with Controlled Porosity (2009)

Multilayer nanowires tailored with alternating AuFe porous layers and Au nonporous segments were fabricated by galvanic square-wave pulsed electrodeposition from a AuFe cyanide-free electrolyte. Control of porosity and composition was achieved via modulation in pulsed time and applied current density. Nanowires with decreased porosity were observed upon increasing time of the AuFe alloy layer or shifting the applied current density to more negative values. This transition was consistent with an increased amount of material being deposited. The single-step approach presented is less time-consuming than conventionally fabricated nanoporous materials, requiring additional etching of prefabricated solid alloys.
Lukasiewicz' insect: the role of continuous-valued logic in a mobile robot's sensors, control, and locomotion (2002)

The ability to physically realize a colony of insect-like robots presents numerous problems. A hexapod robot controlled by a computational sensor is proposed as a solution to some of these problems. Stiquito is a small nitinol-propelled robot. It is controlled by a computational sensor implemented with Lukasiewicz logic arrays (LLAs). The computational sensor includes an electronic retina, an implicit controller, and a gait generator. Measured and simulated results illustrate the unifying effect of Lukasiewicz logic on the design of the robotic system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A hybrid feature-based segmentation and classification system for the computer aided self-diagnosis of otitis media (2014)

We propose a novel hybrid otitis media (OM) computer aided detection (CAD) system, designed to aid in the self-diagnosis of various forms of OM. OM is a prevalent disease in both children and adults. Our system is able to differentiate normal ear from acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME) and the multi-categories of chronic otitis media including perforation, retraction, cholesteatoma, etc. We propose a modified double active contour segmentation method designed for use with otoscope images, and enabled to handle user acquired data. To describe the visual symptoms (e.g., red, bulging, effusion, perforation, retraction, etc.) of otitis media accurately, we extract color, geometric and texture features by grid color moment, Gabor filter, local binary pattern and histogram of oriented gradients. A powerful classification structure based on Adaboost is used to select the most useful features and build a strong classifier. Our system achieves classification accuracy as high as 88.06% and is suitable for real use. In addition, some interesting observations about OM otoscope images are also discussed.
Low loss ladder type SAW filter in the range of 300 to 400 MHz (1994)

Low loss SAW filters in the range of 300 to 400 MHz for communication systems have been developed, which have ladder circuit structure using 36° rotated Y-cut LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . This type of filter has low loss and high stop band rejection, however, a spurious mode appears, which depends on electrode thickness and a reflector's electrode pitch of a resonator. Low frequency range filters need thick Al electrodes more than 7% of wave length to shift the resonant frequency of spurious mode to a frequency range higher than the pass-band frequency range. To reduce the spurious response, the design of an electrode pattern and electrode material having more mass effect than Al were investigated by simulation and experiment. The spurious response can be suppressed by optimizing a reflector's electrode pitch. By using Au film, thin film of about 1.5% of wave length can be applied to a filter. SAW filters in the range of 300 to 400 MHz with fractional band width from 2 to 4% were manufactured and mounted in SMD type 5×7×1.4 mm ceramic packages, which have 2 dB minimum insertion loss and attenuation characteristics of about 40 dB. Input and output impedance of filter are 50 Ω
Mining the web with webcoin (2018)

Four major search engines, Google in particular, hold a unique position in enabling the use of the Internet, as they alone direct over 98% of Internet users to the content they seek, using proprietary indices. While the contribution of these companies is undeniable, their design is necessarily affected by their economic interests, which may or may not align with those of the users, raising concerns regarding their effect on the availability of information around the globe. While multiple academic and commercial projects aimed to distribute and democratize the Web search, they failed to gain much traction, mostly due to inferior results and lack of incentives for participation. In this paper, we show how complex networking-intensive tasks can be crowdsourced using Bitcoin's incentive model. We present Webcoin, a novel distributed digital-currency which utilizes networking resources rather then computational, and can only be mined through Web indexing. Webcoin provides both the incentives and the means to create Google-scale indices, freely available to competing services and the public. Webcoin's design overcomes numerous unique challenges, such as index verification, scalability, and nodes' ability to actively manipulate webpages. We deploy 200 fully-functioning Webcoin nodes and demonstrate their low bandwidth requirements.
An improved method of preparing nuclei for absorption cytophotometry. (1985)

An improved method of isolating nuclei from tissue for Feulgen-DNA measurements has been developed. The optimal nuclear isolation medium (NIM) was found to be a solution of 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 0.6% NP40 in phosphate-buffered saline. The disaggregation procedure consists of gentle mechanical disruption of the tissues, followed by a 10 min incubation in the NIM at room temperature. The mixture is then syringed four times through a 27-gauge needle, and the nuclei are placed onto slides with a cytocentrifuge. Nuclei prepared in NIM without PEG had obvious DNA leakage and tended to form clumps. Addition of PEG to the NIM led to separation of nuclei without any DNA leakage, thus greatly increasing the accuracy of the DNA cytophotometry results. G0/G1 nuclei at the appropriate ploidy levels were found for non-transformed and transformed tissues prepared with this technique. In addition, S-phase liver nuclei prepared in this manner showed the expected incorporation of (3H) thymidine after a 1/2 hr pulse in vivo.