gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12 FROM THE JEJUNUM IN MAN STUDIED WITH A THREE LUMEN TUBE (1965)

Absorption of vitamin B12 from the proximal jejunum was studied and compared with that of albumin in man employing a three lumen tube with an inflatable balloon. A test solution containing physiological doses of radioactive cyanocobalamin (Co57, Co60) or I131-human albumin and bromsulfalein (BSP) as an unabsorbable reference, was instilled in the upper jejunum and the decrease of B12:BSP or I131:BSP was determined in the fluid withdrawn at intervals. It was found that absorption of B12 was minimal during the test period of three hours, whereas I131-human albumin was absorbed quickly and to a much greater extent. After drainage and washing of the jejunum at the end of the test, infusion of EDTA released B12 further and increased the B12:BSP ratio in about one half of the test subjects, and the results of Schilling test carried out then were consistent with the finding.
Hexagonal dielectric resonators and microcrystal lasers (2003)

We study long-lived resonances (lowest-loss modes) in hexagonally shaped dielectric resonators in order to gain insight into the physics of a class of microcrystal lasers. Numerical results on resonance positions and lifetimes, near-field intensity patterns, far-field emission patterns, and effects of rounding of corners are presented. Most features are explained by a semiclassical approximation based on pseudointegrable ray dynamics and boundary waves. The semiclassical model is also relevant for other microlasers of polygonal geometry.
Algorithms for worst-case tolerance optimization (1979)

New algorithms are presented for the solution of optimum tolerance assignment problems. The problems considered are defined mathematically as a worst-case problem (WCP), a fixed tolerance problem (FTP), and a variable tolerance problem (VTP). The basic optimization problem without tolerances is denoted the zero tolerance problem (ZTP). For solution of the WCP we suggest application of interval arithmetic and also alternative methods. For solution of the FTP an algorithm is suggested which is conceptually similar to algorithms previously developed by the authors for the ZTP. Finally, the VTP is solved by a double-iterative algorithm in which the inner iteration is performed by the FTP- algorithm. The application of the algorithm is demonstrated by means of relatively simple numerical examples. Basic properties, such as convergence properties, are displayed based on the examples.
DBViewer: A Tool for Visualizing and Measuring Dependency Relations between Tables in Database (2009)

With the extensive use of the database and increasing complexity of its logic, how to visualize and measure the dependency relations between tables becomes a challenging task. However, ER graph can only tackle the situation of the partial view of whole database. For this reason, we proposed the methods for constructing a visualization and measurement tool for database-oriented software in this paper. Through an experiment analysis on a medium-scale database, it revealed that the degree distribution of table dependency graph roughly obeyed power law, and also validated the tool's usability and effectiveness in practice.
Na-H exchange in myocardium: effects of hypoxia and acidification on Na and Ca (1990)

Historically, increase in cell Na content during ischemic and hypoxic episodes were thought to result from impaired ATP production causing decreased Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. Here we report the results of testing the alternate hypothesis that hypoxia-induced Na uptake is 1) the result of increased entry, as opposed to decreased extrusion 2) via Na-H exchange operating in a pH regulatory capacity and that cell Ca accumulation occurs via Na-Ca exchange secondary to collapse of the Na gradient. We used 23Na-, 19F-, and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to measure intracellular Na content (Nai), Ca concentration [( Ca]i), pH (pHi), and high-energy phosphates in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. When the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was inhibited by ouabain and/or K-free perfusion, hearts subjected to hypoxia gained Na at a rate greater than 10 times that of normoxic controls [during the first 12.5 min Nai increased from 7.9 +/- 5.8 to 34.9 +/- 11.0 (SD) meq/kg dry wt compared with 11.1 +/- 16.3 to 13.6 +/- 9.0 meq/kg dry wt, respectively]. When normoxic hearts were acidified using a 20 mM NH4Cl prepulse technique, pHi rapidly fell from 7.27 +/- 0.24 to 6.63 +/- 0.12 but returned to 7.07 +/- 0.10 within 20 min, while Na uptake was similar in rate and magnitude to that observed during hypoxia (24.5 +/- 13.4 to 132.1 +/- 17.7 meq/kg dry wt). During hypoxia and after NH4Cl washout, increases in [Ca]i were similar in time course to those observed for Na.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optically Addressing Single Rare-Earth Ions in a Nanophotonic Cavity (2018)

We demonstrate optical probing of spectrally resolved single Nd^{3+} rare-earth ions in yttrium orthovanadate. The ions are coupled to a photonic crystal resonator and show strong enhancement of the optical emission rate via the Purcell effect, resulting in near radiatively limited single photon emission. The measured high coupling cooperativity between a single photon and the ion allows for the observation of coherent optical Rabi oscillations. This could enable optically controlled spin qubits, quantum logic gates, and spin-photon interfaces for future quantum networks.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II: European recommendations for the diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of a rare disease (2011)

Expertise in recognising and treating patients with MPS II varies widely between countries. This article presents pan-European recommendations for the diagnosis and management of this life-limiting disease.
Deep level defects in <i>n</i>-type GaN compensated with Mg (1996)

Deep level defects in n-type epitaxial GaN compensated with Mg were measured using photocapacitance spectroscopy on Schottky barrier diodes. The doped GaN was prepared by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesium as the dopant source. The Mg-doped GaN films were n type as determined by Hall-effect measurements. Addition of magnesium resulted in the formation of a series of deep centers with optical threshold energies of 1.0, 1.2, 1.8, and 3.1 eV. Upon annealing the Mg compensated GaN in nitrogen at 850 °C the midgap levels disappeared and only the trapping level at 3.1 eV remained. The midgap levels are ascribed to Mg dopant complexes which may be responsible for low doping efficiency of Mg in the as-grown, doped GaN as well as its semi-insulating behavior.
Localization in Urban Environments: Monocular Vision Compared to a Differential GPS Sensor (2005)

In this paper we present a method for computing the localization of a mobile robot with reference to a learning video sequence. The robot is first guided on a path by a human, while the camera records a monocular learning sequence. Then a 3D reconstruction of the path and the environment is computed off line from the learning sequence. The 3D reconstruction is then used for computing the pose of the robot in real time (30 Hz) in autonomous navigation. Results from our localization method are compared to the ground truth measured with a differential GPS.
One-Stage Monosubstitution in Cyclen - Two Novel Examples (1996)

Abstract Two new routes for alkylsubstituton of one in four amino groups in 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) are described, isomeric N-tris(hydroxy)butylcyclens 4 and 6 have been obtained in very good yields. Further carboxymethylation of other three amino groups afforded 10-tris(hydroxy)butyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)cyclens 1 and 2.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of methyl 5-nitro-3,4-diphenylfuran-2-carboxylate and related compounds. (1981)

In order to investigate the antimicrobial activity of derivatives of methyl 5-nitro-3, 4-diphenylfuran-2-carboxylate, we first studied the optimal conditions for the nitration of methyl 3, 4-diphenylfuran-2-carboxylate. Starting from the nitrofuran methyl ester, various amides, hydrazides, hydrazones, oxadiazoles and thiazoles were synthesized and examined for antimicrobial activity. Most of the derivatives were active against T. vaginalis.
Sparsity-based deartifacting filtering in video compression (2009)

In the last years, many sparsity based denoising approaches for image/video denoising have been proposed. Most of them exploit the image/video sparsity model under certain overcomplete basis. In this paper, we unify three sparsity-based denoising techniques and apply them to the problem of video compression artifacts removal. We compare and analyze the three techniques from the aspects of operation atom, transform dimensionality, and quantization impact. Based on the provided analysis, the paper may serve as a guideline to apply sparsity-based denoising techniques to related problems.
Supervised Learning in Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks (2012)

We introduce a supervised learning algorithm for multilayer spiking neural networks. The algorithm overcomes a limitation of existing learning algorithms: it can be applied to neurons firing multiple spikes in artificial neural networks with hidden layers. It can also, in principle, be used with any linearizable neuron model and allows different coding schemes of spike train patterns. The algorithm is applied successfully to classic linearly nonseparable benchmarks such as the XOR problem and the Iris data set, as well as to more complex classification and mapping problems. The algorithm has been successfully tested in the presence of noise, requires smaller networks than reservoir computing, and results in faster convergence than existing algorithms for similar tasks such as SpikeProp.
Disclination-mediated thermo-optical response in nematic glass sheets (2010)

Nematic solids respond strongly to changes in ambient heat or light, significantly differently parallel and perpendicular to the director. This phenomenon is well characterized for uniform director fields but not for defect textures. We analyze the elastic ground states of a nematic glass in the membrane approximation as a function of temperature for some disclination defects with an eye toward reversibly inducing three-dimensional shapes from flat sheets of material, at the nanoscale all the way to macroscopic objects, including nondevelopable surfaces. The latter offers a paradigm to actuation via switchable stretch in thin systems.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids preserve retinal function in type 2 diabetic mice (2012)

This study identifies beneficial effects of dietary ω-3PUFAs on visual function in T2DM. The data are consistent with dyslipidemia negatively impacting retinal function. As ω-3PUFA lipid dietary interventions are readily available, safe and inexpensive, increasing ω-3PUFA intake in diabetic patients may slow the progression of vision loss in T2DM.
A force-based protein biochip (2003)

A parallel assay for the quantification of single-molecule binding forces was developed based on differential unbinding force measurements where ligand-receptor interactions are compared with the unzipping forces of DNA hybrids. Using the DNA zippers as molecular force sensors, the efficient discrimination between specific and nonspecific interactions was demonstrated for small molecules binding to specific receptors, as well as for protein-protein interactions on protein arrays. Finally, an antibody sandwich assay with different capture antibodies on one chip surface and with the detection antibodies linked to a congruent surface via the DNA zippers was used to capture and quantify a recombinant hepatitis C antigen from solution. In this case, the DNA zippers enable not only discrimination between specific and nonspecific binding, but also allow for the local application of detection antibodies, thereby eliminating false-positive results caused by cross-reactive antibodies and nonspecific binding.
Lateness probability of a retransmission scheme for error control on a two-state Markov channel (1999)

In this paper, we study the performance of a simple retransmission-based error-control strategy for delay-constrained data communications over a bursty channel. Correlated errors are modeled as a two state Markov process. A retransmission algorithm is used to correct errors, and the probability that a packet is not successfully delivered within D slots of its arrival is computed. In the presence of a smoothing buffer at the receiver, this is the probability that the jitter experienced by a packet is too large to be absorbed by the buffer itself. The cases of zero and nonzero roundtrip delay are studied separately, as are the conditions of perfect and imperfect feedback. Our results relate the achievable quality of service and the amount of traffic that can be served to the packet-error process parameters, which in turn are induced by the physical layer specifications. This relationship between the traffic and the channel parameters can be useful in making admission control decisions and in assessing the effect of physical layer design on the performance of higher layer protocols.
Type III secretion genes identify a putative virulence locus of <i>Chlamydia</i> (1997)

Four genes of Chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC), whose predicted products are highly homologous to structural and regulatory components of a contact-dependent or type III secretion apparatus, were isolated. Related to genes present in several animal and plant bacterial pathogens, these genes may represent a section of a previously undetected chromosomal virulence locus analogous to several recently described virulence-associated type III secretion loci. The existence of contact-dependent secretion in Chlamydia strongly suggests that these bacteria use pathogenic mechanisms that are similar to those of other intracellular bacterial pathogens. Unlike other intracellular bacteria, however, chlamydiae are metabolically inactive extracellularly and only become capable of global protein synthesis several hours after infection. This implies that chlamydial contact-dependent secretion is only active from within, uniquely after the bacteria have been internalized by eukaryotic cells. The possible role(s) of this pathway in chlamydial pathogenesis are discussed.
Introduction to Through-Transmission Alveolar Ultrasonography (TAU) in Dental Medicine (2005)

Through-transmission alveolar ultrasonography (TAU) is a novel imaging modality in dental medicine. A brief introduction to through-transmission ultrasonography (TTU) is followed by a description of the first commercially available TAU device, the Cavitat CAV 4000 (Cavitat Medical Technologies, Inc., Alba, TX). Recent associations between systemic osteoporosis, oral osteoporosis, periodontal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases underline the importance of early detection and treatment of oral cancellous bone pathologies associated with low bone density (LBD), such as regional ischemic osteoporosis, chronic nonsuppurative osteomyelitis, bone marrow edema, and cavitational ischemic osteonecrosis (osteocavitation). While the impact of osteoporosis on maxillofacial bones is acknowledged, there is a lack of reliable prevalence rate, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend that more attention should be paid to skeletal health, especially in persons with conditions known to be associated with secondary osteoporosis. TAU, a safe and effective imaging modality, can be a valuable tool in research as well as for the clinical assessment of alveolar cancellous bone pathologies associated with LBD and ischemia.
Modeling impact on a one-link flexible robotic arm (1991)

A finite-element model for a single-link flexible robotic arm including the effects of beam damping, hub inertia and both Coulomb and viscous hub friction is derived. The initial conditions required to represent impact loading are determined, and the motion of the arm under impact loading is simulated. Simulation results are compared to experimental data. From the experimental results it is concluded that this model provides an accurate representation of the physical process. It also provides a vehicle for investigating the effects of parameters of the process model, in particular, frictional effects and load profiles. Impact loading has been effectively represented in terms of initial conditions and can be applied to a range of finite-element models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resistance Allele Frequency to Bt Cotton in Field Populations of <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China (2008)

Resistance evolution in target insects to Bacillus thurningiensis (Bt) cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is a main threat to Bt cotton technology. An increasing trend of population density of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been observed since 2001 in Qiuxian County (Hebei, China), where Bt cotton has been planted dominantly since 1998. This region was selected in 2006 and 2007 for estimating frequency of gene alleles conferring resistance to Bt cotton by screening the F1 progeny from single-pair cross between field-collected male and laboratory female of the Bt-resistant strain of H. armigera (F1 screen). F1 offspring from each single-pair line were screened for resistance alleles based on larval growth, development, and survival on Bt cotton leaves for 5 d. Two-year results indicated that approximately equal to 20% of field-collected males carried resistance alleles. The conservative estimate of the resistance allele frequency was 0.094 (95% CI, 0.044-0.145) for 2006 and 0.107 (95% CI, 0.055-0.159) for 2007. This is the first report of resistance allele frequency increase to such a high level in the field in China. Long-term adoption of Bt sprays, dominant planting of single-toxin-producing Bt cotton, and lack of conventional cotton refuge system might accelerate the resistance evolution in the region.
Beperken stikstofverliezen door verlaging OEB in rantsoen (1996)

Dit betekent dat de OEB op veel bedrijven lager kan waardoor de stikstofverliezen kunnen afnemen.
High quality three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement using intensity-optimized dithering technique (2014)

In past decades, there has been an upsurge in the development of three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement and its applications. Over the years, there are a variety of technologies developed including laser scanning, stereo vision, and structured light. Among these technologies, the structured-light technique has the advantages of fast computation speeds and high measurement resolution. Therefore, it has been extensively studied in this field of research. Nowadays, with the rapid development of digital devices, different kinds of patterns can be easily generated by a video projector. As a result, digital fringe projection (DFP), a variation of the structured light method, has had many applications owing to its speed and accuracy. Typically, for a DFP system, ideal sinusoidal fringe pattern projection is required for high accuracy 3D information retrieval. Since traditional DFP projects 8-bit sinusoidal fringe patterns, it suffers from some major limitations such as the speed limit (e.g., 120 Hz), the requirement for nonlinear gamma calibration, and the rigid synchronization requirement between the projector and the camera. To overcome these limitations, the binary defocusing technology was developed which projects 1-bit square binary pattern and generates ideal sinusoidal pattern through projector defocusing. In the past few years, the binary defocusing technique has shown great potential for many applications owing to its speed breakthroughs, nonlinear gamma calibration free and no rigid synchronization requirement between the camera and the projector. However, a typical square binary pattern suffers from some major limitations: (1) highorder harmonics, introduced by a square wave, which affect the accuracy of measurement, cannot be completely eliminated by projector defocusing; (2) a reduced measurement
THE PROTECTION OF BEER FOAM AGAINST LIPID-INDUCED DESTABILIZATION (1994)

Addition of small quantities (10–20 μg/ml) of a lipid binding protein from wheat to degassed beer was shown to significantly reduce lipid induced destabilisation of beer foam. The protein was found to be very effective against addition of free fatty acids, phospholipid and triglycerides to beer prior to foaming. The mechanism of action may involve binding of the free lipids in the beer which prevents the lipid-induced disruption of the adsorbed protein layer at the air-water interfaces of foam Iamellae.
Short-term forecasting ionospheric delay over UKM, Malaysia, Using the Holt-Winter method (2013)

The ionospheric delay is the main factor that causes the errors in the navigation of the global positioning system (GPS). GPS satellite signals propagate through the ionosphere before reaching the GPS receiver on earth. Therefore, ionosphere forecasting studies play an important role in the reduction of this positioning error. In this work, a statistical method for forecasting the ionospheric delay is presented using GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) over Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, (UKM) station, covering a period from June to December 2010. The Holt-Winter statistical method was chosen to forecast the ionospheric delay as it is suitable for forecasting time series with seasonal patterns and repeated trends. Based on the delay forecasted at the period chosen, the peak was obtained during the summer season. The comparison between the actual and forecast delay gave a relatively low amount of error. This method has proven to be effective in forecasting the ionospheric delay with an accuracy of 78-96%.
Multi-Phase Buck Converters with Extended Duty Cycle (2006)

A family of multiphase, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) step-down converters that exhibit high input-to-output voltage conversion ratios is introduced. The proposed converters operate with larger duty cycles and lower voltage stresses on the switches than their conventional converter counterparts making them suitable for applications in high-frequency, nonisolated point-of-load converters employed in powering today's microprocessors.
Combined Herbal Preparation for Topical Treatment of Herpes labialis (2001)

The combined topical sage-rhubarb preparation proved to be as effective as topical aciclovir cream and tended to be more active than the sage cream.
Multimodal interaction in collaborative virtual environments (2003)

Human interfaces for computer graphics systems are now evolving towards a total multi-modal approach. Information gathered using visual, audio and motion capture systems are now becoming increasingly important within user-controlled virtual environments. This paper discusses real-time interaction through the visual analysis of human face feature. The underlying approach to recognize and analyze the facial movements of a real performance is described in detail. The output of the program is directly compatible with MPEG-4 standard parameters and therefore enhances the ability to use the available data in any other MPEG-4 compatible application. The real-time facial analysis system gives the user the ability to control the graphics system by means of facial expressions. This is used primarily with real-time facial animation systems, where the synthetic actor reproduces the animator's expression. The MPEG-4 standard mainly focuses on networking capabilities and it therefore offers interesting possibilities for teleconferencing, as the requirements for the network bandwidth are quite low.
Powers of sums and their associated primes (2022)

Let $A, B$ be polynomial rings over a field $k$, and $I\subseteq A, J\subseteq B$ proper homogeneous ideals. We analyze the associated primes of powers of $I+J\subseteq A\otimes_k B$ given the data on the summands. The associated primes of large enough powers of $I+J$ are determined. We then answer positively a question about the persistence property of $I+J$ in many new cases.