gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ectopic regeneration of whiskers in the hooded rat from implanted lengths of vibrissa follicle wall. (1967)

Previous studies relating to the effect on whisker growth of removal of various components of the whisker follicle have shown that both after removal of the dermal papilla alone and after removal of as much as the lower third of the follicle, regeneration of new dermal papillae and then the generation of whiskers may occur (Oliver, 1966 a, b ). Histological studies of this regenerative phenomenon revealed that the outer root sheath became a solid cord or rod of cells and that dermal cells, derived at least in part from the mesenchymal layer, aggregated over the proximal surface of the rod and eventually became the new dermal papilla. To determine whether the regenerative process was dependent on factors present in the local follicle environment on the upper lip, lengths of isolated follicle wall (‘follicle tubes’) composed of the outer root sheath and the adherent mesenchymal layer were transplanted as autografts to ascertain whether they could regenerate dermal papillae and fibres in another site.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Pyranophenanthridine Analogues of Fagaronine and Acronycine. (1998)

Condensation of 5-amino, 6-amino, 7-amino and 8-amino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromenes with either 6-bromoveratraldehyde or 6-chloropiperonal afforded the corresponding Schiff bases, which were subsequently reduced to the corresponding benzylchromenylamines 30-33 and 36-39. Lithium diisopropylamide-mediated cyclization of those amines, followed by spontaneous air oxidation, afforded pyranophenanthridines 3-14. The cytotoxicity of compounds 3-14 was evaluated against L1210 and HT29 cell lines. 9,9-Dimethyl-9H-pyrano[3,2-b]phenanthridines appear to be the most promising compounds of the series, since both the dimethoxy derivative 11 and the methylenedioxy derivative 12 exhibit significant cytotoxic activity. Compound 12 was the most active and induced a massive accumulation of cells in G2 + M phases, suggesting that the cytotoxicity is due to a perturbation of the integrity or function of DNA.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate Trimers Containing 5′-Terminal 5′-Amino-5′-deoxy- and 5′-Amino-3′,5′-dideoxyadenosine Derivatives (1999)

Some new 2',5'-oligonucleotide trimers containing 5'-terminal 5'-amino-5'-deoxy- and 5'-amino-3',5'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives have been synthesized. Some of the trimers showed biological inhibitions of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), HIV-1 induced syncytia formation and PCR amplification.
Dynamic re-vectorization of binary code (2015)

In many cases, applications are not optimized for the hardware on which they run. Several reasons contribute to this unsatisfying situation, including legacy code, commercial code distributed in binary form, or deployment on compute farms. In fact, backward compatibility of ISA guarantees only the functionality, not the best exploitation of the hardware. In this work, we focus on maximizing the CPU efficiency for the SIMD extensions and propose to convert automatically, and at runtime, loops vectorized for an older version of the SIMD extension to a newer one. We propose a lightweight mechanism, that does not include a vectorizer, but instead leverages what a static vectorizer previously did. We show that many loops compiled for x86 SSE can be dynamically converted to the more recent and more powerful AVX; as well as, how correctness is maintained with regards to challenges such as data dependences and reductions. We obtain speedups in line with those of a native compiler targeting AVX. The re-vectorizer is implemented inside a dynamic optimization platform; it is completely transparent to the user, does not require rewriting binaries, and operates during program execution.
Modelling and algorithms for spare allocation in reconfigurable VLSI (1992)

One approach to enhancing the yield or reliability of large area VLSI structures has been by means of spare interconnect, logic and computational units. Although extensive literature exists concerning design for inclusion of spares and restructuring mechanisms in memories and processor arrays, little research has been published on general models and algorithms for broad classes of spare allocation and reconfiguration problems. The main contribution of the paper is that a novel bipartite graph theoretic approach to spare allocation is presented for structures with dedicated spares and direct replacement reconfiguration. Spare allocation for classes of reconfigurable structures is shown to be equivalent to either a graph matching or a graph dominating set problem. The complexity of optimal spare allocation for each of the problem classes is described, and reconfiguration algorithms are provided. Several detailed examples are presented, and implementation of the algorithms is discussed.
Coevolution of Solid Stress and Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Tumors During Progression: Implications for Vascular Collapse (2013)

The stress harbored by the solid phase of tumors is known as solid stress. Solid stress can be either applied externally by the surrounding normal tissue or induced by the tumor itself due to its growth. Fluid pressure is the isotropic stress exerted by the fluid phase. We recently showed that growth-induced solid stress is on the order of 1.3 to 13.0 kPa (10-100 mmHg)--high enough to cause compression of fragile blood vessels, resulting in poor perfusion and hypoxia. However, the evolution of growth-induced stress with tumor progression and its effect on cancer cell proliferation in vivo is not understood. To this end, we developed a mathematical model for tumor growth that takes into account all three types of stresses: growth-induced stress, externally applied stress, and fluid pressure. First, we conducted in vivo experiments and found that growth-induced stress is related to tumor volume through a biexponential relationship. Then, we incorporated this information into our mathematical model and showed that due to the evolution of growth-induced stress, total solid stress levels are higher in the tumor interior and lower in the periphery. Elevated compressive solid stress in the interior of the tumor is sufficient to cause the collapse of blood vessels and results in a lower growth rate of cancer cells compared with the periphery, independently from that caused by the lack of nutrients due to vessel collapse. Furthermore, solid stress in the periphery of the tumor causes blood vessels in the surrounding normal tissue to deform to elliptical shapes. We present histologic sections of human cancers that show such vessel deformations. Finally, we found that fluid pressure increases with tumor growth due to increased vascular permeability and lymphatic impairment, and is governed by the microvascular pressure. Crucially, fluid pressure does not cause vessel compression of tumor vessels.
<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>(Maca): A Plant from the Highlands of Peru – from Tradition to Science (2009)

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on Lepidium meyenii (maca), a cruciferous plant (Brassicaceae family) which is cultivated exclusively at an altitude of 4,000-4,500 m in the Peruvian Central Andes. Maca is traditionally used for its nutritional and presumed medicinal properties. Over the past 20 years, interest in maca has increased in many parts of the world, and since 2005 maca is considered one of the seven Peruvian flag products. Maca is exported as powder, capsules, pills, flour, liquor, and extracts. There are different types of maca with differ-ent colors ranging from white to black. We have studied the pharmacological effects of 3 types; yellow, black, and red maca. Evidence from experimental studies indicates effects of maca on nutrition, fertility, memory, and mood. Black maca has better effects on sperm production than yellow maca which has only moderate effects. Red maca, however, has no effect on sperm production. However, red maca has been shown to reduce prostate size in rats in which prostate hyperplasia had been induced with testosterone enanthate; yellow maca has shown moderate effects here, whereas black maca has not shown any effects. Randomized clinical trials have shown that maca has favorable effects on energy and mood, may decrease anxiety and improve sexual desire. Maca has also been shown to improve sperm production, sperm motility, and semen volume. Serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH, and prolactin were not affected. The exact mechanisms of action are still unclear, but so far research clearly indicates that various bioactive constituents contribute to the clinical effects reported.
[Table, 68Ga-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-synthetic HER2 specific Affibody ZHER2:342-pep2]. (2010)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a 53-amino acid cytokine (6.2 kDa) that is secreted by ectodermic cells, monocytes, kidneys and duodenal glands (1). EGF stimulates growth of epidermal and epithelial cells. EGF and at least seven other growth factors and their transmembrane receptor kinases play important roles in cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The EGF receptor (EGFR) family consists of four transmembrane receptors, including EGFR (HER1/erbB-1), HER2 (erbB-2/neu), HER3 (erbB-3), and HER4 (erbB-4) (2). HER1, HER3, and HER4 comprise three major functional domains: an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. No ligand has been clearly identified for HER2; however, HER2 can be activated as a result of ligand binding to other HER receptors with the formation of receptor homodimers and/or heterodimers (3). HER1 as well as HER2 are overexpressed on many solid tumor cells such as breast, non–small-cell lung, head and neck, and colon cancers (4-6). The high levels of HER1 and HER2 expression on cancer cells are associated with a poor prognosis (7-10).Trastuzumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the extracellular domain of recombinant HER2 with an affinity constant (Kd) of 0.1 nM (11). 111In-Trastuzumab, Cy5.5-trastuzumab, and 68Ga-trastuzumab-F(ab')2 have been developed for imaging of human breast cancer (12-16); however, the pharmacokinetics of intact radiolabeled mAb, with high liver uptake and slow blood elimination, are generally not ideal for imaging. Smaller antibody fragments, such as Fab or F(ab´)2, have better imaging pharmacokinetics because they are rapidly excreted by the kidneys. A novel class of recombinant affinity ligands (Affibody molecules) for HER2 was constructed on the basis of a 58-amino acid Z-domain residue from one of the IgG1-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A (17). Affibody molecules exhibit high binding affinity to HER2 with Kd values of PubMed ]. DOTA-ZHER2:342-pep2, also known as ABY-002, is a synthetic Affibody molecule that was produced for labeling with 111In. 111In-DOTA-ZHER2:342-pep2 has been evaluated in nude mice bearing human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells with the use of single-photon emission computed tomography (18). Tolmachev et al. (19) prepared 68Ga-DOTA-ZHER2:342-pep2 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of HER2-positive tumors.
Arrayed waveguide lens wavelength add-drop in silica (1999)

We present experimental results of an integrated 16-channel, 100-GHz-channel-spacing wavelength add-drop in silica. It consists of two interleave-chirped waveguide grating routers connected by an array of waveguides containing thermooptic phase shifters. The fully packaged device has 6.6-7.6-dB fiber-to-fiber insertion loss and a switching extinction ratio >27 dB (>33 dB for a single polarization) when used as an add-drop, It is compact, allowing for at least four such devices per 5-in-diameter wafer.
Poly(vinyl acetate)/silica-filled materials: material properties of in situ vs fumed silica particles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(vinyl acetate)/silica-filled materials: material properties of in situ vs fumed silica particlesChristine J. T. Landry, Bradley K. Coltrain, Michael R. Landry, John J. Fitzgerald, and Victoria K. LongCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 14, 3702–3712Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00066a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1061Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
TRAIL (Apo2 Ligand) and TWEAK (Apo3 Ligand) Mediate CD4+ T Cell Killing of Antigen-Presenting Macrophages (2000)

The human marrow produces approximately 1010 monocytes daily, and this production must be balanced by a similar rate of destruction. Monocytes/macrophages can undergo apoptosis after activating CD4+ T cells, suggesting one mechanism that may contribute to macrophage homeostasis. Previous reports indicate that Fas-Fas ligand interactions are the principle molecules mediating this response. However, D10, an Iak-restricted cloned Th2 line, will similarly induce apoptosis in Ag-presenting macrophages, and D10 cells lack Fas ligand. To confirm that D10 cells kill macrophages through Fas-independent pathways, D10 cells were shown to kill MRL lpr/lpr (Iak) macrophages in an Ag-dependent fashion, indicating additional mechanisms. Recent reports demonstrate that TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interacting with Apo2, and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), interacting with Apo3, will induce apoptosis in some cells. Using Abs to TRAIL and an Apo3-IgG Fc fusion protein, we demonstrated that D10 cells express both TRAIL and TWEAK. The Apo3 fusion protein, but not human IgG, inhibited D10-induced macrophage apoptosis, as did anti-TRAIL. Further studies demonstrated that AE7, a cloned Th1 line, and splenic T cells express TWEAK, TRAIL, and Fas ligand, and inhibiting these molecules also inhibited macrophage killing. These results indicate that D10 cells induce macrophage apoptosis through TRAIL- and TWEAK-dependent pathways. Because normal T cells also express these molecules, these results support the concept that T cells have multiple pathways by which to induce macrophage apoptosis. These pathways may be important in immune processes such as macrophage homeostasis as well as in down-regulation of immune responses and elimination of macrophages infected with intracellular organisms.
Si UHF MOS high-power FET (1974)

An n-channel depletion-type Si UHF MOS power FET has been developed which exhibits 16.4-W output power, 6.1-dB power gain, and 35-percent drain efficiency at 700 MHz. The island-like n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> source, interdigitated 5-µm-long and 20-mm-wide gate, and n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> drain were fabricated in p on p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> epitaxial wafer.
A one-step procedure for the purification of high molecular weight bacterial chromosomal DNA (1988)

Journal Article A one-step procedure for the purification of high molecular weight bacterial chromosomal DNA Get access Reza K. Yacoob, Reza K. Yacoob Department of Molecular Biology, Connaught Research Institute1755 Steeles Avenue West, Willowdale, Ontario M2R 3T4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gavin R. Zealey Gavin R. Zealey Department of Molecular Biology, Connaught Research Institute1755 Steeles Avenue West, Willowdale, Ontario M2R 3T4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 4, 25 February 1988, Page 1639, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.4.1639 Published: 25 February 1988 Article history Accepted: 14 December 1987 Published: 25 February 1988
Gas-phase selective etching of native oxide (1990)

Gas-phase selective etching of native oxide film formed on a silicon surface is an essential requirement for ULSI process technologies. Ultraclear anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) gas and a corrosion-free system were developed for this etching process. The reaction mechanism of silicon oxide film with moistureless HF was investigated, and selective etching conditions were developed. The gas-phase selective etching of native oxide in an environment of strictly controlled AHF concentration in N/sub 2/ is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identifying performance bottlenecks in CDNs through TCP-level monitoring (2011)

Content distribution networks (CDNs) need to make decisions, such as server selection and routing, to improve performance for their clients. The performance may be limited by various factors such as packet loss in the network, a small receive buffer at the client, or constrained server CPU and disk resources. Conventional measurement techniques are not effective for distinguishing these performance problems: application-layer logs are too coarse-grained, while network-level traces are too expensive to collect all the time. We argue that passively monitoring the transport-level statistics in the server's network stack is a better approach.
Protein Precipitation Method for Salivary Proteins and Rehydration Buffer for Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2008)

Precipitants for salivary proteins and rehydration buffers for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis were, respectively compared and evaluated. Five different protein precipitants: TCA, TCA-acetone-DTT, TCA-acetone-mercaptoethanol, acetone and alcohol were used to precipitate proteins of the saliva samples. The efficiency of the precipitants was evaluated from protein content of the precipitate reflecting protein recovery. The precipitate with the highest protein content was subsequently solubilized using different rehydration buffers (RB1, RB2, RB3 and RB4) before being subjected to the 2-DE. The efficiency of the different rehydration buffers was compared with respect to the resolution and focusing time taken to attain the maximum voltage. Each of the saliva samples was subjected to the above experiments, carried out in triplicates. The precipitant containing TCA-acetone-DTT exhibited the highest protein recovery (82.2) demonstrating significant difference when compared with the other precipitants (p<0.05). The RB4 containing DTT (reducing agent) and 0.5 IPG buffer 3-10 non-linear (carrier ampholyte) exhibited more protein spots indicating better separation resolution. The results obtained suggested that protein recovery depends on the precipitant used in the precipitation and resolution of proteins separation is influenced by the reducing agent and the ampholyte used in the rehydration buffer
ON THE PHOTORECEPTOR PIGMENT FOR PHOTOTROPISM AND PHOTOTAXIS: IS A CAROTENOID THE MOST LIKELY CANDIDATE?* (1974)

Abstract— The absorption spectrum of lycopene can be altered to show significant absorption in the 350–360 nm region in an ethanol‐water mixture, thus resembling the phototropic action spectrum of Avena coleoptiles. The hypochromicity (bleaching) of the main absorption band and appearance of the new band at 350–360 nm can be attributed to exciton interactions between two stacked lycopene molecules. β‐Carotene does not show anomalous bleaching under identical conditions. Thus, the apparent modification of the absorption spectra of carotenoids in ethanol‐water mixtures cannot be used as an argument to resolve the action spectrum in terms of carotenoids. In addition, we have critically reviewed the spectroscopic characteristics of carotenoids. Short lifetimes of the excited singlet states and inefficient intersystem crossing of carotenoids are not compatible with the suggestion that carotenoids are the most likely candidate for the photoreceptor pigment in phototropism.
Whole small fish as a rich calcium source (2000)

The present rat balance study investigated Ca availability from the whole indigenous small fish species, mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) from Bangladesh and from skimmed milk. Four groups of six young male rats each were fed ad libitum with diets containing either small fish or milk, at 100 or 160 g crude protein/kg diet dry matter. The study was conducted for 28 d and faeces and urine samples were collected in two balance periods: day 8-14 and 22-28. The Ca and N contents of the diets, faeces and urine were analysed. Ca intake, fractional Ca absorption and Ca retention in relation to N retention were measured. Digestibility and protein utilization of the experimental diets, weight gain of the rats, femur bone weight and mineral composition as well as bone alkaline phosphatase activity were also determined. It was concluded from the values of these variables that Ca from small fish with bones was available and appeared to be a useful Ca source in rats, though perhaps not as available as Ca from milk. This study suggests that small fish with bones may be an important source of Ca in human diets. Promotion of the production and consumption of small fish in population groups with low intakes of milk and milk products should therefore be encouraged.
Interlayer Dielectric Capping Effect on Thermal Stability of Ni Germanide on Doped Ge-on-Si Substrate for Nano-scale Ge MOSFETs (2009)

Analyzed herein is the influence of interlayer dielectric (ILD) oxide capping layer on thermal stability of Ni germanide formed on B11-, BF2-, and As-doped Ge-on-Si substrates. The thermal stability of Ni germanide has a strong dopant dependence after post-germanidation annealing and the doped samples with ILD have better thermal immunity than those without ILD. The B11- and BF2- doped samples with ILD oxide capping layer show lower sheet resistance, more uniform interface and more smooth surface images up to 575 o C. Therefore, the ILD oxide capping is promising for thermal stability improvement of Ni germanide on doped Ge-on-Si substrate for nano-scale germanium metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (Ge MOSFETs).
Motion Perception in Schizophrenia (1999)

The discrimination of small velocity differences is impaired in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia.