gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Flexible Macroblock Ordering Technique (2008)

The H.264/AVC standard provides several new error-resilient features to enable the reliable transmission of compressed video signals over lossy packet networks. Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) is one of the most interesting resilient features within the H.264/AVC standard. Unlike former standards, in which slices were constructed out of consecutive raster scan macroblocks, FMO suggests new slices composed of spatially distributed Macroblocks (MBs), and organized in a mixed-up fashion. H.264/AVC specifies seven types of FMO. The standard defines also an explicit FMO type (Type 6), which allows explicitly assignment of each MB within the frame to any available slice groups. Therefore new FMO types can be used and integrated into H264/AVC without violating the standard. In this paper we propose a new Explicit Chessboard-Wipe (ECW) Flexible Macroblocks Ordering (FMO) technique, which outperforms all other FMO types. The new ECW ordering results in effective error scattering which maximizes the number of correctly received macroblocks located around corrupted macroblocks, leading to better error concealment. Performance evaluations demonstrate that the proposed Explicit FMO approach outperforms all the FMO types. Both subjective and objective visual quality comparative study has been also carried out in order to validate the proposed approach.
Stimulation of Phagocytosis by Human Lysozyme (1976)

Human lysozyme in physiologic concentrations (10--400 mug/ml) significantly (p less than 0.001) stimulates the phagocytosis of yeast cells by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This stimulating effect was observed even in the absence of serum factors. Hen egg white lysozyme or protamine sulfate had no effect on phagocytosis. The stimulating effect of human lysozyme was not the result of opsonization but was apparently related to the effects on constituent membranes of the phagocytic cells.
Peptide- and protein-mediated assembly of heparinized hydrogels (2007)

Polymeric hydrogels have demonstrated significant promise in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. A continued direction in hydrogel development includes the engineering of the biological responsiveness of these materials, via the inclusion of cell-binding domains and enzyme-sensitive domains. Ligand-receptor interactions offer additional opportunities in the design of responsive hydrogels, and strategies employing protein- polysaccharide interactions as a target may have unique relevance to materials intended to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). Accordingly, we have developed approaches for producing hydrogels via noncovalent interactions between heparin and heparin-binding peptides/proteins, and have demonstrated that such matrices are capable of both passive and receptor-mediated growth factor delivery. Further modification of these materials via the integration of these noncovalent strategies with chemical crosslinking methods will expand the range of their potential use and is under exploration. The combination of these approaches offers broad opportunities for the production of responsive matrices for biomedical applications.
Mechanical and electrical issues concerning the use of composite materials for the supporting core in transmission line conductors (2006)

This paper presents an overview of important aspects regarding the use of overhead conductors employing composite materials. These issues must be addressed for them to be accepted as viable replacement of traditional overhead conductors employing a steel core. It also elucidates the lessons learned from the use of composite insulators that can be applied to composite conductors. Preliminary experimental and theoretical results performed on two types of composite cores technologies presently available are presented.
A new approach to debugging optimized code (1992)

Debugging optimized code is a desirable capability not provided by most current debuggers. Users are forced to debug the unoptimized code when a bug occurs in the optimized version. Current research offers partial solutions for a small class of optimizations, but not a unified approach that handles a wide range of optimizations, such as the sophisticated optimizations performed by supercomputer compilers. The trend with current research is to make the effects of optimization transparent, i.e., provide the same behavior as that of the unoptimized program. We contend that this approach is neither totally feasible nor entirely desirable. Instead, we propose a new approach based on the premise that one should be able to debug the optimized code. This implies mapping the current state of execution back to the original source, tracking the location of variables, and mapping compiler-synthesized variables back to user-defined induction variables. To aid the user in understanding program behavior, various visual means are provided, e.g., different forms of highlighting and annotating of the source/assembly code. While this unavoidably requires the user to have a basic understanding of the optimizations performed, it permits the user to see what is actually happening, infer the optimizations performed, and detect bugs. An example illustrates the effectiveness of visual feedback. To support conventional debugger functionality for optimized code, the compiler must generate additional information. Current compiler-debugger interfaces (CDIs) were neither designed to handle this new information nor are they extensible in a straight forward manner. Therefore, a new CDI was designed that supports providing visual feedback and the debugging of optimized code. This paper specifies the details of a new CDI and relates each feature back to the debugger functionality it supports.
Clinical and laboratory trials employing carbaryl against the human head-louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (de Geer) (1981)

Carbaryl was very effective against head lice when used as a 0·5%, lotion or a 0·5%, shampoo at a dose of 50 mg active ingredient per head. Unexpectedly good ovicidal and residual effects were found, especially when carbaryl was employed as a lotion. These effects equalled those of malathion and exceeded those of gamma‐benzene hexachloride (HCH or Lindane), bioresmethrin and chlorphenamidine. The ovicidal effect was also demonstrated in the laboratory, but shown to be highly thermo‐labile. It was also shown that the only known form of malathion resistance in any of the human lice does not extend to carbaryl.
A rigid, monolithic but still scannable cavity ring-down spectroscopy cell (2012)

A novel cell for continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) is described and tested. The cell is monolithic and maintains a rigid alignment of the two cavity mirrors. Two high-resolution and high-force piezoelectric transducers are used to sweep the length of the cell by elastic deformation of the 2.86 cm outer diameter stainless steel tube that makes up the body of the cell. The cavity length is scanned more than 1/2 wavelength of the near-IR light used, which ensures that at least one TEM(00) mode of the cavity will pass through resonance with the laser. This allows the use of a frequency-locked-laser cw-CRDS technique, which increases the precision of the measurements compared to the alternative of sweeping the laser more than one free spectral range of the cavity. The performance of the cell is demonstrated by using it to detect the absorption spectrum of methane (CH(4)) at the wavenumber regions of around 6051.8-6057.7 cm(-1).
Fabrication of diode arrays for photovoltaic characterization of silicon substrates (1988)

A simple process sequence for the fabrication of passivated mesa diode arrays for photovoltaic characterization of single/polycrystalline silicon substrates is described. These diodes are used to measure a variety of substrate and cell parameters including resistivity, minority-carrier diffusion length, Voc, Jsc, fill factor, and current-voltage characteristics for analysis of the electronic transport properties. Evaluation techniques which use these diodes for determining spatial variations in the material/device charateristics are described. These devices are also suitable for characterizing various cell fabrication processes and for analysis of crystal defects on the solar cell characteristics.
Development and prospect for the study of persistent toxic substances of sediment (2011)

The persistent toxic substances(PTS) are divided into persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and heavy metals.The soure of these PTSs and the ways for their entering the sediment were described.It was pointed out that these PTSs have the characteristics of semi-volatilized,high toxic,Long-term residual and biological accumulation.This article also reviewed the research status of the cycle of PTSs in an ecosystem,and PTS damage to the reproductive and organs of a living creature.Technique methods for chemical and biological detecting and analyzing PTSs were introduced.The technique of PTS physicochemical-remediation,bio-remediation and phytoremediation were also described.Finally,the research prospect of the PTS in sediment is anticipated.
Extending SpikeProp (2005)

This paper introduces enhancements to the SpikeProp algorithm (S. M. Bohte, et al., 2002), an error-backpropagation learning rule suited for spiking neurons using exact spike time coding. These enhancements provide additional learning rules for the synaptic delays, time constants and for the neurons' thresholds. This results in less constrained network topologies (the XOR problem for example needs up to 10 times less weights and learning convergence is up to two times faster).
Formation of polymer‐bonded nitroxyl radicals in the UV stabilization of polypropylene by a bifunctional hindered amine light stabilizer (1981)

Abstract The formation of polymer‐bonded stabilizer derivatives during photooxidation of isotactic polypropylene, which contains the hindered amine light stabilizer bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl) sebacate and the corresponding bisnitroxyl radical, was investigated. The photooxidized polypropylene films that contain these additives were studied by ESR, IR, and nitrogen analysis before and after exhaustive solvent extraction of the photooxidized films. ESR showed that under the conditions in use a maximum of 20% of the nitroxyl radicals formed from the hindered amine was bonded to the polymer chain. Regeneration of nitroxyl radicals from the polymer‐bonded stabilizer derivatives under photooxidative conditions indicated that the stabilizer was bonded to the polymer chain by O‐alkyl‐substituted hydroxylamine linkages >NOPP.
Domain Independent Knowledge Base Population from Structured and Unstructured Data Sources (2011)

In this paper we introduce a system that is designed to automatically populate a knowledge base from both structured and unstructured text given an ontology. Our system is designed as a modular end-to-end system that takes structured or unstructured data as input, extracts information, maps relevant information to an ontology, and finally disambiguates entities in the knowledge base. The novelty of our approach is that it is domain independent and can easily be adapted to new ontologies and domains. Unlike most knowledge base population systems, ours includes entity detection. This feature allows one to employ very complex ontologies that include events and the entities that are involved in the events.
Optical Absorption and Electrical Conductivity in Lithium Intercalated Amorphous Tungsten Oxide Films (2004)

Optical and electrical properties of electrochemically lithium ion intercalated thin films of x-ray amorphous tungsten oxide made by magnetron sputtering on glass substrates coated with a thin layer of conductive tin doped indium oxide, have been studied. The composition and the density of the films were characterized by the ion beam analysis methods Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis. The optical properties, transmittance and reflectance were investigated by spectophotometry in the wavelength range 300-2500 nm. The absorption coefficients were calculated at different lithium intercalation levels. It was found that the absorption coefficient in an as-deposited blue film has a similar asymmetric shape as for films intercalated to a Li/W ratio of ~0.03. It was possible to electrochemically bleach this film to transparency. Stoichiometric films show optical irreversibility between the bleached and the colored state in the first cycle. A polaron absorption model has been compared to the absorption coefficient for films of different intercalation levels. An increase in the Fermi level and in the polaron band width, and a nearly constant activation energy was found as the Li/W value increased. The radius of the polaron wavefunction for different lithium intercalation levels and film compositions has been estimated from electrical measurements. The total absorption coefficient has been compared to the site-saturation model. The model is good for films intercalated in the optically reversible region. A modified site-saturation model that could be applied also in the optically irreversible region and involves electron transitions between W6+, W5+ and W4+ sites, has also been compared to experimental values. It was found that the total absorption, optical density and the coloration efficiency is higher for the WO2.63 film than in the less oxygen deficient films and that this film is optically more durable in an electrochemically cyclic lifetime device test.
Process improvement satisfies employees (1999)

When those of us working for Boeing's Space Transportation Systems organization succeeded in transforming the ad hoc, chaotic development environment into a smooth-running, process-driven environment, a major culture change occurred. Originally, in making this transition, we expected increased quality, reduced cycle time, and improved productivity. However, we achieved an important extra benefit-a significant increase in employee satisfaction. The author looks at this transformation.
Automated accelerator generation and optimization with composable, parallel and pipeline architecture (2018)

CPU-FPGA heterogeneous architectures feature flexible acceleration of many workloads to advance computational capabilities and energy efficiency in today's datacenters. This advantage, however, is often overshadowed by the poor programmability of FPGAs. Although recent advances in high-level synthesis (HLS) significantly improve the FPGA programmability, it still leaves programmers facing the challenge of identifying the optimal design configuration in a tremendous design space. In this paper we propose the composable, parallel and pipeline (CPP) microarchitecture as an accelerator design template to substantially reduce the design space. Also, by introducing the CPP analytical model to capture the performance-resource trade-offs, we achieve efficient, analytical-based design space exploration. Furthermore, we develop the AutoAccel framework to automate the entire accelerator generation process. Our experiments show that the AutoAccel-generated accelerators outperform their corresponding software implementations by an average of 72x for a broad class of computation kernels.
Temperature compensation of SAW oscillators (2003)

A method for the compensation of surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillators is described. This work is a development of a technique first used for compensation of AT-cut bulk crystal oscillators. The benefits that result for SAW oscillators are high compensation performance, low power consumption, low complexity and relatively low cost. Compensation is achieved by the use of a custom bipolar integrated circuit which generates a power series representation of the control voltage of a voltage-controlled SAW oscillators. A prototype oscillator has been built at 600 MHz and shows a compensated performance of +or-4 p.p.m. over a 120 degrees C operating temperature range. The potential to improve the performance to +or-2 p.p.m. exists.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Strategies and perspectives to develop SARS-CoV-2 detection methods and diagnostics (2020)

To develop diagnostics and detection methods, current research is focussed on targeting the detection of coronavirus based on its RNA. Besides the RNA target, research reports are coming to develop diagnostics by targeting structure and other parts of coronavirus. PCR based detection system is widely used and various improvements in the PCR based detection system can be seen in the recent research reports. This review will discuss multiple detection methods for coronavirus for developing appropriate, reliable, and fast alternative techniques. Considering the current scenario of COVID-19 diagnostics around the world and an urgent need for the development of reliable and cheap diagnostic, various techniques based on CRISPR technology, antibody, MIP, LAMP, microarray, etc. should be discussed and tried.
Near-field optical sensors for particle shape measurements (2003)

Two new optical particle shape sensors are introduced. By placing them directly in the near-field of the particle projection (Fresnel region), no lenses or additional optical components are required to obtain particle images. Besides size information, accurate shape information is also obtained. Simulations show that distortion by diffraction is limited and can be reduced even further. Both static and dynamic measurements have been performed, which show that the sensors work as predicted by theory. The sensors have been developed to be applied in a microfluidic cytometer.
Automated Dynamic Firmware Analysis at Scale: A Case Study on Embedded Web Interfaces (2015)

Embedded devices are becoming more widespread, interconnected, and web-enabled than ever. However, recent studies showed that these devices are far from being secure. Moreover, many embedded systems rely on web interfaces for user interaction or administration. Unfortunately, web security is known to be difficult, and therefore the web interfaces of embedded systems represent a considerable attack surface. In this paper, we present the first fully automated framework that applies dynamic firmware analysis techniques to achieve, in a scalable manner, automated vulnerability discovery within embedded firmware images. We apply our framework to study the security of embedded web interfaces running in Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) embedded devices, such as routers, DSL/cable modems, VoIP phones, IP/CCTV cameras. We introduce a methodology and implement a scalable framework for discovery of vulnerabilities in embedded web interfaces regardless of the vendor, device, or architecture. To achieve this goal, our framework performs full system emulation to achieve the execution of firmware images in a software-only environment, i.e., without involving any physical embedded devices. Then, we analyze the web interfaces within the firmware using both static and dynamic tools. We also present some interesting case-studies, and discuss the main challenges associated with the dynamic analysis of firmware images and their web interfaces and network services. The observations we make in this paper shed light on an important aspect of embedded devices which was not previously studied at a large scale. We validate our framework by testing it on 1925 firmware images from 54 different vendors. We discover important vulnerabilities in 185 firmware images, affecting nearly a quarter of vendors in our dataset. These experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Jean Laffargue et Georges Fouet. Peintures romanes. Vestiges gallo-romains à Saint-Plancard (Haute- Garonne). Préface de Paul Deschamps. Toulouse, Edouard Privat, 1948. (1948)

Hubert Jean. Jean Laffargue et Georges Fouet. Peintures romanes. Vestiges gallo-romains à Saint-Plancard (Haute- Garonne). Préface de Paul Deschamps. Toulouse, Edouard Privat, 1948.. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 1948, tome 107, livraison 1. pp. 150-151.
Evaluation of whole‐animal data using the ion parametric resonance model (1995)

Changes observed in the behavioral response of land snails from exposure to parallel ac and dc magnetic fields demonstrate limited agreement with the predictions of an interaction model proposed by Lednev and the predictions of a recently proposed ion parametric resonance (IPR) model. However, the inadequate number of reported data points, particularly in a critical exposure range, prevents unambiguous application of either the Lednev or the IPR model.
Characterisation of the Medipix3 detector for 60 and 80 keV electrons (2017)

In this paper we report quantitative measurements of the imaging performance for the current generation of hybrid pixel detector, Medipix3, used as a direct electron detector. We have measured the modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency at beam energies of 60 and 80keV. In single pixel mode, energy threshold values can be chosen to maximize either the modulation transfer function or the detective quantum efficiency, obtaining values near to, or exceeding those for a theoretical detector with square pixels. The Medipix3 charge summing mode delivers simultaneous, high values of both modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency. We have also characterized the detector response to single electron events and describe an empirical model that predicts the detector modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency based on energy threshold. Exemplifying our findings we demonstrate the Medipix3 imaging performance recording a fully exposed electron diffraction pattern at 24-bit depth together with images in single pixel and charge summing modes. Our findings highlight that for transmission electron microscopy performed at low energies (energies <100keV) thick hybrid pixel detectors provide an advantageous architecture for direct electron imaging.
Energy dependence of scatter components in multispectral PET imaging (1995)

High resolution images in PET based on small individual detectors are obtained at the cost of low sensitivity and increased detector scatter. These limitations can be partially overcome by enlarging discrimination windows to include more low-energy events and by developing more efficient energy-dependent methods to correct for scatter radiation from all sources. The feasibility of multispectral scatter correction was assessed by decomposing response functions acquired in multiple energy windows into four basic components: object, collimator and detector scatter, and trues. The shape and intensity of these components are different and energy-dependent. They are shown to contribute to image formation in three ways: useful (true), potentially useful (detector scatter), and undesirable (object and collimator scatter) information to the image over the entire energy range. With the Sherbrooke animal PET system, restoration of detector scatter in every energy window would allow nearly 90% of all detected events to participate in image formation. These observations suggest that multispectral acquisition is a promising solution for increasing sensitivity in high resolution PET. This can be achieved without loss of image quality if energy-dependent methods are made available to preserve useful events as potentially useful events are restored and undesirable events removed.