gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori. Its role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease in a new animal model. (1992)

The association and causative role of Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and gastritis has remained controversial. The authors studied the effects of daily intragastric administration of H. pylori suspension in saline (10(8) CFU/ml) and bacteria-free filtrates of saline H. pylori suspensions in 85 Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 150 to 200 g) with normal mucosa and with surgically produced experimental gastric ulcers. Group I rats (n = 30) with pre-existent experimental gastric ulcers received H. pylori suspension (ATCC 43504, 10(8) CFU/ml); Group II rats (n = 20) with experimental gastric ulcers received bacteria-free H. pylori filtrates; Group III rats with ulcers (n = 20) received saline alone; and Group IV control rats (n = 15) without ulcers received intact H. pylori organisms in suspension (ATCC 43504, 10(8) CFU/ml). At death, ulcer surface areas were measured with a dissecting microscope. Full-thickness sections were obtained for quantitative and qualitative histologic parameters, including the area of remaining mucosal necrosis; characteristics and cellular composition of restored mucosal architectures; and presence or absence of inflammation including counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes. H. pylori organisms were identified within the surface mucus and crypts using routine, special, and immunohistochemical stains. Our results indicate that the continued presence of either intact H. pylori organisms or bacteria-free H. pylori filtrates in the stomachs of rats with pre-existent gastric ulcers resulted in delayed healing of the ulcers and persistence of chronic active inflammation. Daily administration of suspensions of H. pylori organisms to sham-operated rats with intact gastric mucosa, however, resulted in no ulceration or inflammation despite identification of surface H. pylori organisms at death. The authors conclude that H. pylori alone causes little or no effect on an intact gastric mucosa in the rat, that either intact organisms or bacteria-free filtrates cause similar prolongation and delayed healing of pre-existing ulcers with active chronic inflammation, and that the presence of predisposing factors leading to disruption of gastric mucosal integrity may be required for the H. pylori enhancement of inflammation and tissue damage in the stomach.
Neutrino Reactions on Deuteron (2000)

The cross sections for the ν-d and \barν-d reactions are calculated for the incident energy up to E_ν= 170 MeV, with the use of a phenomenological Lagrangian approach. We assess and improve the reliability of the employed calculational method by examining the dependence of the results on various input and approximations that go into the calculation. The main points of improvements over the existing work are: (1) use of the "modern" NN potentials; (2) use of the more accurate nucleon weak-interaction form factors; (3) monitoring the strength of a vertex that governs the exchange-current contribution, with the use of data on the related process, n+p\to d+γ. In addition to the total cross sections, we present various differential cross sections that are expected to be useful for the SNO and other experiments. In the low energy regime relevant to the solar neutrinos, the newly calculated total cross sections agree with the existing literature values. The origins of slight differences found for higher energies are discussed. The ratio between the neutral-current and charged-current reaction cross sections is found to be extremely stable against any variations in the input of our calculation.
GPS and Stereovision-Based Visual Odometry: Application to Urban Scene Mapping and IntelligentVehicle Localization (2011)

We propose an approach for vehicle localization in dense urban environments using a stereoscopic system and a GPS sensor. Stereoscopic system is used to capture the stereo video flow, to recover the environments, and to estimate the vehicle motion based on feature detection, matching, and triangulation from every image pair. A relative depth constraint is applied to eliminate the tracking couples which are inconsistent with the vehicle ego-motion. Then the optimal rotation and translation between the current and the reference frames are computed using an RANSAC based minimization method. Meanwhile, GPS positions are obtained by an on-board GPS receiver and periodically used to adjust the vehicle orientations and positions estimated by stereovision. The proposed method is tested with two real sequences obtained by a GEM vehicle equipped with a stereoscopic system and a RTK-GPS receiver. The results show that the vision/GPS integrated trajectory can fit the ground truth better than the vision-only method, especially for the vehicle orientation. And vice-versa, the stereovision-based motion estimation method can correct the GPS signal failures (e.g., GPS jumps) due to multipath problem or other noises.
Modified Franklin-Silverman Biopsy Needle (1972)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1972Modified Franklin-Silverman Biopsy Needle Carl A. Osborne Carl A. OsborneCarl A. Osborne Current address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101. More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61026-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Modified Franklin-Silverman Biopsy Needle." The Journal of Urology, 107(3), pp. 358–359 © 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 107Issue 3March 1972Page: 358-359 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Carl A. Osborne Current address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101. More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Effects of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans cells and culture filtrate antigens on neutrophil locomotion (1995)

Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotype B and C) isolates have a relative predilection for immunocompetent hosts, and C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype A and D) isolates have a relative predilection for immunocompromised hosts, suggesting that normal host resistance to the former may be relatively inefficient compared with that to the latter variety. In order to assess the possibility that normal cellular host defense is inadequate in protecting against C. neoformans var. gattii, we compared the two varieties of C. neoformans cells and their culture filtrate antigens (CneF) with respect to effects on neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) locomotion. In a 48-well modified Boyden chamber, the cells and CneF of C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype A and D) isolates stimulated chemotaxis and chemokinesis of human PMN and activated a complement component(s) in pooled human serum to become a chemoattractant(s) for human PMN. In contrast, the cells and CneF of C. neoformans var. gattii (serotype B and C) isolates did not stimulate chemotaxis or chemokinesis in human PMN but rather inhibited chemokinesis and chemotactic responses of PMN to pooled human serum and formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine. Neither of the CneF from the C. neoformans var. gattii isolates was cytotoxic to PMN. Furthermore, with the mouse model, we found that CneF from C. neoformans var. neoformans caused migration of PMN into gelatin sponges implanted in naive and immunized mice, whereas CneF from C. neoformans var. gattii inhibited PMN migration into sponges. Our results, combined with findings of others showing reduced PMN infiltration in lungs of mice infected with C. neoformans var. gattii compared with PMN infiltration in lungs of mice infected with C. neoformans var. neoformans, indicate that the relative inadequacy of normal host resistance mechanisms to prevent infection with C. neoformans var. gattii results, in part, from inhibition of PMN migration to the site of the organism.
Session Recommendation via Recurrent Neural Networks over Fisher Embedding Vectors (2019)

Recommendation services bear great importance in e-commerce, shopping, tourism, and social media, as they aid the user in navigating through the items that are most relevant to their needs. In order to build recommender systems, organizations log the item consumption in their user sessions by using different sensors. For instance, Web sites use Web data loggers, museums and shopping centers rely on user in-door positioning systems to register user movement, and Location-Based Social Networks use Global Positioning System for out-door user tracking. Most organizations do not have a detailed history of previous activities or purchases by the user. Hence, in most cases recommenders propose items that are similar to the most recent ones viewed in the current user session. The corresponding task is called session based, and when only the last item is considered, it is referred to as item-to-item recommendation. A natural way of building next-item recommendations relies on item-to-item similarities and item-to-item transitions in the form of "people who viewed this, also viewed" lists. Such methods, however, depend on local information for the given item pairs, which can result in unstable results for items with short transaction history, especially in connection with the cold-start items that recently appeared and had no time yet to accumulate a sufficient number of transactions. In this paper, we give new algorithms by defining a global probabilistic similarity model of all the items based on Random Fields. We give a generative model for the item interactions based on arbitrary distance measures over the items, including explicit, implicit ratings and external metadata to estimate and predict item-to-item transition probabilities. We exploit our new model in two different item similarity algorithms, as well as a feature representation in a recurrent neural network based recommender. Our experiments on various publicly available data sets show that our new model outperforms simple similarity baseline methods and combines well with recent item-to-item and deep learning recommenders under several different performance metrics.
Illumination position estimation for 3D soft-tissue reconstruction in robotic minimally invasive surgery (2009)

For robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery, recovering the 3D soft-tissue shape and morphology in vivo is important for providing image-guidance, motion compensation and applying dynamic active constraints. In this paper, we propose a practical method for calibrating the illumination source position in monocular and stereoscopic laparoscopes. The method relies on using the geometric constraints from specular reflections obtained during the laparoscope camera calibration process. By estimating the light source position, the method forgoes the common assumption of coincidence with the camera centre and can be used to obtain constraints on the normal of the surface geometry during surgery from specularities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with numerical simulations and by qualitative analysis of real stereo-laparoscopic calibrations.
Effects of the AsCl[sub 3] Mole Fraction on the Incorporation of Germanium, Silicon, Selenium, and Sulfur into Vapor Grown Epitaxial Layers of GaAs (1971)

The effect of the mole fraction on the incorporation of germanium, silicon, selenium, and sulfur in epitaxial layers has been studied. The layers were grown by vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) using the synthesis system. Both room‐ and low‐temperature Hall data as well as photoluminescence spectra were used to examine the incorporation of the impurities into grown layers. The results of these studies indicate that the incorporation of silicon and germanium decreases with increasing mole fraction, and that the incorporation of sulfur and selenium is largely unaffected by changes in the mole fraction. The results are interpreted using a model which proposes that the major background dopant in this system is silicon and that the mole fraction effect is due to the interaction of stable chlorides of silicon with hydrogen chloride in the reactor. A calculation of the activity of silicon as a function of the hydrogen chloride pressure is presented. The results compare reasonably well with the experimental data.
Advantages and Limitations of using Successor Features for Transfer in Reinforcement Learning (2017)

One question central to Reinforcement Learning is how to learn a feature representation that supports algorithm scaling and re-use of learned information from different tasks. Successor Features approach this problem by learning a feature representation that satisfies a temporal constraint. We present an implementation of an approach that decouples the feature representation from the reward function, making it suitable for transferring knowledge between domains. We then assess the advantages and limitations of using Successor Features for transfer.
Transgene inactivation in Agrobacterium-mediated chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura) transformants. (2000)

To compare transformation frequency and to investigate the developmental alterations in transgene expression, two cut-flower chrysanthemums ‘Yamabiko’ (spray-type) and ‘New Summer Yellow’ (standard-type) were transformed with three disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains C58C1, MP90 and LBA4404, all strains having the pBI121 plasmid. No marked difference was observed in transformation efficiency among cultivar/bacterial strain combinations. β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity levels in transformants were fairly low and varied among the different transgenic lines, ranging from 30 to 250pmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. GUS expression was not observed in the transgenic lines transformed with strain LBA4404. The alterations of GUS activity levels were examined for a long term, and it was observed that GUS activities reduced to zero level in most of transgenic lines 12 months after the inoculation of bacteria.
Ice Slurry Cooling Research: Storage Tank Ice Agglomeration and Extraction (1999)

A new facility has been built to conduct research and development on important issues related to implementing ice slurry cooling technology. Ongoing studies are generating important information on the factors that influence ice particle agglomeration in ice slurry storage tanks. The studies are also addressing the development of methods to minimize and monitor agglomeration and improve the efficiency and controllability of tank extraction of slurry for distribution to cooling loads. These engineering issues impede the utilization of the ice slurry cooling concept that has been under development by various groups.
Modulation bandwidth optimisation for unipolar intersubband semiconductor lasers (1997)

A rate equation analysis of the direct-current modulation response of intersubband semiconductor lasers is reported using a rate equation model for a triple quantum well structure. It is demonstrated that terahertz modulation bandwidths may be achievable due to the picosecond carrier lifetimes which are characteristic of such structures. A novel feature of the modulation response of intersubband semiconductor lasers is the existence of an optimum output power for achieving maximum modulation bandwidth in a given structure. Further optimisation of the modulation performance is achievable via appropriate design of the coupled quantum well structure.
Arrangement of Catalytic Sites in the Multifunctional Enzyme Enniatin Synthetase (1995)

Enniatin synthetase is an N -methyl peptide synthetase comprising 3131 amino acids. Catalytic sites of the 347-kDa multifunctional enzyme were mapped by N-terminal sequencing of substrate affinity-labelled enzyme fragments formed by proteolysis, and functional studies of purified enniatin synthetase fragments. An N-terminal 200-kDa fragment containing the cofactor 4′-phosphopantetheine was able to activate d-hydroxyisovaleric acid (d-HOiVl) as a thioester. The N-termini of two [14C]HOiVl-labelled enzyme fragments could be assigned to amino acid position 429 within the N-terminal conserved enniatin synthetase portion named EA. This portion of about 600 amino acids shares high similarity to microbial peptide synthetase regions. A 68-kDa l-[14C]Val-labelled enniatin synthetase fragment was localized at amino acid position 2294 within the second C-terminal conserved protein portion EB. Additionally enniatin synthetase was labelled with isovaleryl-l-[14C]Val, an analogue of the D-hydroxyisovaleryl-l-Val intermediate in enniatin biosynthesis. The N-terminus of a 30-kDa isovaleryl-l-[14C]Val-labelled enniatin synthetase fragment was mapped in a C-terminal segment of the protein portion EA. The same N-terminal sequence was obtained from a 60-kDa enniatin synthetase fragment modified with [3H]βAla, a constituent of the cofactor 4′-phosphopantetheine. This indicates the presence of the cofactor in this protein fragment. Localization of the methyltransferase function of enniatin synthetase in an amino acid portion integrated into region EB was achieved by N-terminal sequencing of a photolabelled S-[methyl -14C]adenosyl methio-nine 45–kDa fragment and the identification of a photolabelled peptide Asn-Leu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Tyr.
Extraction of bitumen from Utah tar sands by a hot water digestion-flotation technique (1978)

Tar sand deposits in the State of Utah contain more than 25 billion bbl of in-place bitumen. Although 30 times smaller than the well-known Athabasca tar sands, Utah tar sands do represent a significant domestic energy resource comparable to the national crude oil reserves (31.3 billion bbl). The term tar sand refers to a consolidated mixture of bitumen and sand. Based upon a detailed analysis of the physical and chemical properties of both the bitumen and the sand, a hot-water extraction process for Utah tar sands currently is being developed at the University of Utah. This process involves intense agitation of the tar sand in a hot caustic solution and subsequent separation of the bitumen by a modified froth flotation technique. Experimental results indicated that, for a given tar sand sample, percent solids and caustic concentration were the 2 most important variables controlling the performance of the digestion stage. (28 refs.)
XXXIII.—On hydrofluoric acid (1869)

G. Gore, J. Chem. Soc., 1869, 22, 368 DOI: 10.1039/JS8692200368
A T cell nuclear factor resembling NF-AT binds to an NF-kappa B site and to the conserved lymphokine promoter sequence “cytokine-1”. (1992)

Nuclear extracts from a nontransformed murine T lymphocyte clone contained two inducible factors that bound to a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) site. One factor was NF-kappa B, and the other was differentiated from NF-kappa B by its mobility in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and its lack of sensitivity to protein kinase C depletion. Competition and methylation interference assays showed that the binding site for the novel factor was limited to nucleotides in the 3' half of the kappa B site. This part of the kappa B site resembled sequences in the binding site for a second inducible nuclear factor of T cells, NF-AT, as well as a conserved sequence found in several lymphokine genes, termed "cytokine-1" (CK-1). Competition and methylation interference analysis showed that both NF-AT and CK-1 sequences bound a factor similar to the novel kappa B-binding factor and that binding involved a four-nucleotide sequence (TTCC) that the kappa B, CK-1, and NF-AT sites have in common. The complexes that form with each site have characteristics of NF-AT: they are induced upon T cell receptor stimulation, are sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors and cyclosporin A, and are not sensitive to protein kinase C depletion. Thus, a factor or factors similar to NF-AT can bind to three distinct promoter sequences which occur commonly in several T cell activation genes. These results raise the possibility that related factors binding to kappa B, CK-1, and NF-AT sequences could play a role in the coordinate induction of T cell activation genes. In addition, our results suggest that kappa B and CK-1 sites represent potential cyclosporin-sensitive promoter elements by virtue of their ability to bind an NF-AT-like factor.
A multiclass classification method based on deep learning for named entity recognition in electronic medical records (2016)

Research of named entity recognition (NER) on electrical medical records (EMRs) focuses on verifying whether methods to NER in traditional texts are effective for that in EMRs, and there is no model proposed for enhancing performance of NER via deep learning from the perspective of multiclass classification. In this paper, we annotate a real EMR corpus to accomplish the model training and evaluation. And, then, we present a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based multiclass classification method for mining named entities from EMRs. The method consists of two phases. In the phase 1, EMRs are pre-processed for representing samples with word embedding. In the phase 2, the method is built by segmenting training data into many subsets and training a CNN binary classification model on each of subset. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of our method.
N-Oxidation of <i>π</i>-Conjugated Poly(heterocycle)s Containing Nitrogen and Electrically Conducting Properties of the N-Oxidized Products (1996)

Abstract Oxidation of poly(quinoline-2,6-diyl) and its analogue with H2O2 gives N-oxidized products, which show dc conductivity of 2.3–3.2 × 10−6 S cm−1 without doping.
Achieving quantum supremacy with sparse and noisy commuting quantum computations (2017)

The class of commuting quantum circuits known as IQP (instantaneous quantum polynomial-time) has been shown to be hard to simulate classically, assuming certain complexity-theoretic conjectures. Here we study the power of IQP circuits in the presence of physically motivated constraints. First, we show that there is a family of sparse IQP circuits that can be implemented on a square lattice of n qubits in depth O(sqrt(n) log n), and which is likely hard to simulate classically. Next, we show that, if an arbitrarily small constant amount of noise is applied to each qubit at the end of any IQP circuit whose output probability distribution is sufficiently anticoncentrated, there is a polynomial-time classical algorithm that simulates sampling from the resulting distribution, up to constant accuracy in total variation distance. However, we show that purely classical error-correction techniques can be used to design IQP circuits which remain hard to simulate classically, even in the presence of arbitrary amounts of noise of this form. These results demonstrate the challenges faced by experiments designed to demonstrate quantum supremacy over classical computation, and how these challenges can be overcome.