gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of a new polydiacetylene: Poly[1,6‐di(<i>N</i>‐carbazolyl)‐2,4‐hexadiyne] (1978)

Abstract The solid‐state synthesis and properties are reported for a new polydiacetylene: poly[1,6‐di( N ‐carbazolyl)‐2,4‐hexadiyne]. The monomer crystals polymerize quantitatively with γ irradiation or thermal annealing. An Autocatalytic effect is observed in both γ‐ray polymerization and thermal polymerization and is attributed to an increase in chain propagation length at about 5% conversion. The activation energy for thermal polymerization is about 25 kcal/mole, independent of the degree of conversion to polymer. The exceptional thermal stability of the polymer crystals allowed a thermomechanical analysis over a large temperature range, −50 to 300°C. With increasing temperature, the polymer contracts in the chain direction linearly with temperature over the entire range, yielding a thermal expansion coefficient of (−2.32 ± 0.02) × 10 −5 °C −1 . Photoconductivity action spectra are reported for the polymer crystals. The energies for the photoconductivity onset (ca. 2.3 eV) and for the lowest energy optical transition (1.89 eV) are the lowest reported for the polydiacetylenes. The photoconduction onset is blue‐shifted with respect to optical absorption—a result which is consistent with the excitonic assignment for the lowest energy optical transition in the polydiacetylenes.
Targeted Delivery of Self-Complementary Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9 to the Brain, Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound (2012)

Noninvasive drug delivery to the brain remains a major challenge for the treatment of neurological disorders. Transcranial focused ultrasound combined with lipid-coated gas microspheres injected into the bloodstream has been shown to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier locally and transiently. Coupled with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound can be guided to allow therapeutics administered in the blood to reach brain regions of interest. Using this approach, we perform gene transfer from the blood to specific regions of the mouse brain. Focused ultrasound was targeted to the right hemisphere, at multiple foci, or restricted to one focal point of the hippocampus or the striatum. Doses from 5 × 10(8) to 1.25 × 10(10) vector genomes per gram (VG/g) of self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying the green fluorescent protein were injected into the tail vein. A dose of 2.5 × 10(9) VG/g was optimal to express the transgene, 12 days later, in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in brain regions targeted with ultrasound, while minimizing the infection of peripheral organs. In the hippocampus and striatum, predominantly neurons and astrocytes were infected, respectively. Transcranial focused ultrasound applications could fulfill a long-term goal of gene therapy: delivering vectors to diseased brain areas directly from the circulation, in a noninvasive manner.
Polysialylated Neuropilin-2 Is Expressed on the Surface of Human Dendritic Cells and Modulates Dendritic Cell-T Lymphocyte Interactions (2007)

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a unique linear homopolymer of alpha2,8-linked sialic acid that has been identified as a posttranslational modification on only five mammalian proteins. Studied predominantly on neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) during development of the vertebrate nervous system, PSA modulates cell interactions mediated by NCAM and other adhesion molecules. An isoform of NCAM (CD56) on natural killer (NK) cells is the only protein known to be polysialylated in cells of the immune system, yet the function of PSA in NK cells remains unclear. We show here that neuropilin-2 (NRP-2), a receptor for the semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor families in neurons and endothelial cells, respectively, is expressed on the surface of human dendritic cells and is polysialylated. Expression of NRP-2 is up-regulated during dendritic cell maturation, coincident with increased expression of ST8Sia IV, one of the key enzymes of PSA biosynthesis, and with the appearance of PSA on the cell surface. PSA on NRP-2 is resistant to digestion with peptide N-glycosidase F but is sensitive to release under alkaline conditions, suggesting that PSA chains are added to O-linked glycans of NRP-2. Removal of polysialic acid from the surface of dendritic cells or binding of NRP-2 with specific IgG promoted dendritic cell-induced activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes. Thus, this newly recognized polysialylated protein on the surface of dendritic cells influences dendritic cell-T lymphocyte interactions through one or more of its distinct extracellular domains.
Design and assessment of a wide FOV and high-resolution optical tiled head-mounted display (2015)

It has always been a challenge to break the resolution/field-of-view (FOV) invariant to design a large FOV and high-resolution optical system, especially for a head-mounted display (HMD) system. In this study, a tiled HMD using two compact rotationally symmetrical eyepieces was designed and developed. Some issues on exit pupil and eye relief were analyzed in detail and taken into consideration during the design procedure. The overall optical system is compact with high performance. The system volume is smaller than 30 mm×35 mm×30 mm. Based on two 0.61 in. microdisplay devices, the overall tiled system demonstrates an FOV of 66°(H)×32°(V) with a 7.5 mm exit pupil diameter and a 15.7 mm eye relief.
Special problems in the estimation of power-law spectra as applied to topographical modeling (1994)

An increasing number of topographical studies find that natural surfaces possess power-law roughness spectra. Power-law spectra introduce unique difficulties in the spectral estimation process. The authors describe how an improper window choice allows leakage that yields a spectral estimate that is insensitive to the spectral slope. In addition, the commonly used Fourier-based spectral estimates have higher variances than other available estimators. Higher variance is particularly problematic when data records are short, as is often the case in remote sensing studies. The authors show that Capon's spectral estimator has less variance than Fourier-based estimators and measures the spectral slope more accurately. The authors also show how estimates of a 2D roughness spectrum can be obtained from estimates of the 1D spectrum for the isotropic power-law case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An UWB Through-The-Wall radar with 3D imaging, detection and tracking capabilities (2015)

the paper presents a novel “Through-The-Wall” radar devoted to the detection of people in motion behind a wall. It uses a new kind of 3D imaging associated with a new antenna as well as sophisticated information processing.
First-in-Class CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Could Usher in a New Wave of Combination Therapies for HR+, HER2- Breast Cancer. (2015)

Women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- negative breast cancer-the most common subtype-have new options as palbociclib and similar drugs debut. This article outlines the rationale and evidence for their use.
Protein Domains, Catalytic Activity, and Subcellular Distribution of Neuropathy Target Esterase in Mammalian Cells (2003)

Neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the human homologue of a protein required for brain development in Drosophila, has a predicted amino-terminal transmembrane helix (TM), a putative regulatory (R) domain, and a hydrophobic catalytic (C) domain. Here we describe the expression, in COS cells, of green fluorescent protein-tagged constructs of NTE and mutant proteins lacking the TM or the R- or C-domains. Esterase assays and Western blots of particulate and soluble fractions indicated that neither the TM nor R-domain is essential for NTE catalytic activity but that this activity requires membrane association to which the TM, R-, and C-domains all contribute. Experiments involving proteinase treatment revealed that most of the NTE molecule is exposed on the cytoplasmic face of membranes. In cells expressing a moderate level of NTE and all cells expressing DeltaC-NTE, fluorescence was distributed in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-like pattern. Cells expressing high levels of NTE showed aberrant distribution of ER marker proteins and accumulation of NTE on the cytoplasmic surface of ER-derived tubuloreticular aggregates. Deformation of the ER was also seen in cells expressing DeltaR-NTE or enzymatically inactive S966A-NTE but not DeltaTM-NTE. The data suggest that NTE is anchored in the ER via its TM, that its R- and C-domains also interact with the cytoplasmic face of the ER, and that overexpression of NTE causes ER aggregation via intermolecular association of its C-domains.
Yeast mutants blocked in removing the methyl group of lanosterol at C-14. Separation of sterols by high-pressure liquid chromatography (1977)

Sterols of a nystatin resistant mutant of the wild type parent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were separated by a newly developed procedure involving high-pressure liquid chromatography and were identified. The mutant contained larger amounts of squalene and lanosterol (I) than the wild type, as well as 4,14-dimethylcholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol (II), 4,14-dimethylergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (III), and 14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (IV), which were not hitherto found in yeast. These results indicated a block in removal of the methyl group at C-14 of lanosterol. An ergosterol requiring derivative of the mutant which carried in addition a mutation in heme biosynthesis had the same sterols as the parent, but at one-third the concentration. The low level of sterols may be due to a requirement for a heme or cytochrome in oxygenation reactions between lanosterol and ergosterol.
Kerr-lens mode-locked diode-pumped Cr:LiSGAF laser (1995)

We have demonstrated stable and self-sustaining Kerr-lens mode locking of a Cr:LiSGAF laser pumped by AlGaInP laser diodes. A hard aperture near one end of the laser provides the necessary amplitude modulation. This allsolid- state system generates transform-limited 100-fs pulses, tunable from 810 to 860 nm. The average power at 830 nm is 35 mW, with fluctuations of much less than 1%. The thermal properties of Cr:LiSGAF will permit scaling of these results to higher power.
Historische Baudenkmäler in Grossbritannien. Vortrag zur Ausstellung im wiederhergestellten Höchster Schloss (Auszug) (2017)

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Regenerating codes for errors and erasures in distributed storage (2012)

Regenerating codes are a class of codes proposed for providing reliability of data and efficient repair of failed nodes in distributed storage systems. In this paper, we address the fundamental problem of handling errors and erasures at the nodes or links, during the data-reconstruction and node-repair operations. We provide explicit regenerating codes that are resilient to errors and erasures, and show that these codes are optimal with respect to storage and bandwidth requirements. As a special case, we also establish the capacity of a class of distributed storage systems in the presence of malicious adversaries. While our code constructions are based on previously constructed Product-Matrix codes, we also provide necessary and sufficient conditions for introducing resilience in any regenerating code.
An efficient and user-friendly method for the synthesis of hexagonal-phase NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb, Er/Tm nanocrystals with controllable shape and upconversion fluorescence (2008)

Hexagonal-phase NaYF(4):Yb, Er/Tm nanocrystals are the best IR-to-visible upconverting materials to date, but user-friendly methods for making pure hexagonal-phase NaYF(4):Yb, Er/Tm nanocrystals with upconversion fluorescence are still lacking. Most of the methods reported so far require excess fluoride reactants in a high-temperature reaction which are very unfriendly to users and raise safety concerns. In this work, an efficient and user-friendly method was developed for the synthesis of uniform hexagonal-phase NaYF(4):Yb, Er/Tm nanocrystals with upconversion fluorescence, by forming small solid-state crystal nuclei and further growth and ripening of the nuclei. NaYF(4):Yb, Er/Tm nanoplates, nanospheres and nanoellipses were also selectively produced by varying the concentration of the surfactant. All the nanocrystals showed strong upconversion fluorescence, and fluorescence from the nanoplates was observed even when the laser power density was reduced to about 50 mW cm(-2). These nanocrystals have great potential for use in biology and medicine as fluorescent labels or imaging probes.
Flexible GMR Sensor Array for Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing of Steel Track Ropes (2012)

This paper presents design and development of a flexible GMR sensor array for nondestructive detection of service-induced defects on the outer surface of 64 mm diameter steel track rope. The number of GMR elements and their locations within saddle-type magnetizing coils are optimized using a three dimensional finite element model. The performance of the sensor array has been evaluated by measuring the axial component of leakage flux from localized flaw (LF) and loss of metallic cross-sectional area (LMA) type defects introduced on the track rope. Studies reveal that the GMR sensor array can reliably detect both LF and LMA type defects in the track rope. The sensor array has a fast detection speed along the length of the track rope and does not require circumferential scanning. It is also possible to image defects using the array sensor for obtaining their spatial information.
Cloning of the murine CD5 promoter and its tissue-specific regulation. (1995)

A genomic clone containing 1700 bp of the 5'-flanking region and first exon of the murine CD5 gene was isolated by screening a NIH 3T3 fibroblast genomic library with the previously characterized murine CD5 cDNA. The CD5 5'-flanking region lacks a consensus TATA box but contains Sp1, AP-1, IgH muE2, SV40 enhancer core, CCAAT, TCF2 alpha/PEA3/ets, and C/EBP motifs. Transcription is initiated from multiple sites upstream of an Inr-like sequence. When linked to the CAT reporter gene, the CD5 5'-flanking region was an active promoter in transient transfection assays using the EL4 (T), PD36 (pre-B) and M12 (B) cell lines, but was inactive in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. This pattern of lymphoid-specific expression reflects the pattern of in vivo CD5 expression. Successive 5' to 3' deletions of the CD5 promoter/CAT reporter construct were transfected into T and B cells revealing a succession of positive and negative regulatory elements until promoter activity was eliminated at position -27. This result identified sequences from -125 to -27 (which contain the Inr, IgH muE2, SV40 enhancer core, and AP-1 sites) as sufficient for tissue-specific promotion. Isolation and characterization of the CD5 promoter represents an initial step in elucidating the control over tissue-specific expression of the murine CD5 gene.
Palladium-Catalyzed Thiocarbonylation of Aryl, Vinyl, and Benzyl Bromides (2014)

A catalytic protocol for synthesis of thioesters from aryl, vinyl, and benzyl bromides as well as benzyl chlorides was developed using only stoichiometric amounts of carbon monoxide, produced from a solid CO precursor inside a two-chamber system. As a catalytic system, the combination of bis(benzonitrile) palladium(II) chloride and Xantphos furnished the highest yields of the desired compounds, along with the weak base, NaOAc, in anisole at 120 °C. The choice of catalytic system as well as solvent turned out to be important in order to ensure a high chemoselectivity in the reaction. Both electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl bromides worked well in this reaction. Addition of 1 equiv of sodium iodide to the reaction improved the chemoselectivity with the electron-deficient aryl bromides. The thiol scope included both aryl and alkyl thiols, including 2-mercaptobenzophenones, whereby a thiocarbonylation followed by a subsequent McMurry coupling yielded differently substituted benzothiophenes. It was demonstrated that the methodology could be applied for (13)C introduction into the thiophene ring.
Rn concentration and estimation of annual effective dose in Xiazhuang uranium ore field, Guangdong (2008)

FD-3017RaA instrument was used in the research to measure the radon concentration in soil of Zhongdong area in Xiazhuang uranium ore field, Guangdong, and the radon concentration in the air 1m above ground surface was calculated using the earth-atmosphere radon exchange model. The research indicated that, the average values of radon concentration in soil and air were 2019.4 Bq{center_dot}m{sup -3} and 56.22Bq{center_dot}m{sup -3}, in range of 35-70000 Bq{center_dot}m{sup -3} and 27.0-167.7 Bq{center_dot}m{sup -3} respectively, and the annual effective dose caused by radon was 3.81mSv, about 3 times higher than that in our country which is 0.88 mSv. (author)
Hip arthrodesis using the cobra head plate (1990)

Between 1982 and 1989 in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Clinic in Ege University, fourteen consecutive patients underwent hip arthrodesis with fıxation by a cobra head compression plate. The mean age was 24 years, the youngest patient was 19 years old and the oldest patient was 62 years old. In this series 7 hip arthrodesis (%50) were performed for tuberculosis of the hip. The results were examined 5 months-7 years (average 3.5 years) following the last operation in 3 female and 9 male patients. All the hips treated in this study had successful bone fusion at the postoperative 4th month. All of the patients were out of bed within the first postoperative week and ambulation with crutches was begun after the second week. We came to conclusion that hip arthrodesis still has a justifiable place in the operative treatment of hip dislocation.
H<sub>2</sub> Storage in Li<sub>3</sub>N. Temperature-Programmed Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation (2003)

Hydrogen storage in Li3N was investigated via temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH) and temperature-programmed dehydrogenation (TPD). TPH spectra indicated an initial hydrogenation temperature of Li3N of ∼150 °C, independent of the H2 partial pressure even below 0.5 atm. However, the increase in H2 partial pressure accelerated the hydrogenation rate. The TPD curves exhibited three H2 peaks located at 240, 270, and above 380 °C. The maximum amount of low-temperature released H2 corresponding to the two peaks at 240 and 270 °C was 6.0 wt %. XRD indicated that most of the low-temperature released hydrogen can be attributed to the transformation of LiNH2 to Li2NH. The amount and properties of the releasable hydrogen are also dependent on the duration and temperature of the Li3N hydrogenation.
Dynamic and Redox Active Pillared Bilayer Open Framework:  Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations upon Guest Removal, Guest Exchange, and Framework Oxidation (2004)

A metal-organic pillared bilayer open framework having 3D channels, [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))](3)[BTC](4).6C(5)H(5)N.36H(2)O (BOF-1, 1), has been assembled from bismacrocyclic nickel(II) complex [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))(Cl)(4)].H(2)O and sodium 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (Na(3)BTC). The channels are occupied by pyridine and water guest molecules. When the single crystal of 1 was dried in air and then heated at 75 degrees C for 1.5 h, respectively, [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))](3)[BTC](4).30H(2)O (1') and [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))](3)[BTC](4).4H(2)O (2) resulted with retention of the single crystallinity. The X-ray structures reveal spongelike dynamic behavior of the bilayer framework that reduces the interlayer distance in response to the amount of guest molecules. Solid 2 differentiates various alcohols. When 1 was immersed in pyridine and benzene, guest molecules were exchanged with retention of the single-crystal nature to give rise to [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))](3)[BTC](4).20pyridine.6H(2)O (3) and [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))](3)[BTC](4).14benzene.19H(2)O (4), respectively. Furthermore, crystal 1 reacted with I(2) via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation to produce [Ni(2)(C(26)H(52)N(10))](3)[C(9)H(3)O(6)](4)(I(3))(4).nI(2).17H(2)O (5) that consists of positively charged framework incorporating nickel(III) and nickel(II) ions and the channels including I(3)(-) and I(2).
Dear (1943)

Dear Get access T. O. M. T. O. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 184, Issue 1, 2 January 1943, Page 25, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/184.1.25 Published: 02 January 1943
Input feature selection for classification problems (2002)

Feature selection plays an important role in classifying systems such as neural networks (NNs). We use a set of attributes which are relevant, irrelevant or redundant and from the viewpoint of managing a dataset which can be huge, reducing the number of attributes by selecting only the relevant ones is desirable. In doing so, higher performances with lower computational effort is expected. In this paper, we propose two feature selection algorithms. The limitation of mutual information feature selector (MIFS) is analyzed and a method to overcome this limitation is studied. One of the proposed algorithms makes more considered use of mutual information between input attributes and output classes than the MIFS. What is demonstrated is that the proposed method can provide the performance of the ideal greedy selection algorithm when information is distributed uniformly. The computational load for this algorithm is nearly the same as that of MIFS. In addition, another feature selection algorithm using the Taguchi method is proposed. This is advanced as a solution to the question as to how to identify good features with as few experiments as possible. The proposed algorithms are applied to several classification problems and compared with MIFS. These two algorithms can be combined to complement each other's limitations. The combined algorithm performed well in several experiments and should prove to be a useful method in selecting features for classification problems.
Serial/parallel event scheduling for the simulation of large systems (1968)

A major problem in the area of discrete time-step simulation is the precise, rapid, and fully automatic scheduling and simulation of hundreds or thousands of serial and parallel events. A partial solution to this problem has been found in the “next event” simulation technique 1 which, based upon inter-related concepts of list processing and dynamic storage allocation, has replaced “fixed time step” methods 1 of the past. However, this solution is not satisfactory for large systems because the next event technique, particularly useful for handling a moderate number of serial events, decreases rapidly in scheduling efficiency for large numbers of events and in simulation efficiency for parallel events. This paper extends and generalizes work reported previously and describes a technique originally developed for digital simulation 2 of digital systems which is applicable to general-purpose simulation. The technique was specifically developed for simulating large numbers of parallel events. It is based on “time mapping,&rdquo i.e., a simple, time-to-address mapping method, and falls in the category of fixed time step simulation. On a second level, the advantages of next-event simulation are exploited by using this technique in auxiliary roles. The result of combining these techniques leads to an optimization of simulation speed, which becomes significant when the average event queue exceeds 20 events. Also, the simulation of any number of parallel events is possible without the usual amount of additional complexity and bookkeeping.
Discharges Guided by Laser-Induced Rarefaction Channels (1972)

Preliminary experiments demonstrating the channeling and guidance of an electrical breakdown streamer via a laser-induced rarefaction channel are reported. The ability of this phenomenon to extend the range of a given spark is also demonstrated.