gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Non-linear Information Maximisation Algorithm that Performs Blind Separation (1994)

A new learning algorithm is derived which performs online stochas-tic gradient ascent in the mutual information between outputs and inputs of a network. In the absence of a priori knowledge about the &apos;signal &apos; and &apos;noise &apos; components of the input, propagation of information depends on calibrating network non-linearities to the detailed higher-order moments of the input density functions. By incidentally minimising mutual information between outputs, as well as maximising their individual entropies, the network &apos;fac-torises &apos; the input into independent components. As an example application, we have achieved near-perfect separation of ten digi-tally mixed speech signals. Our simulations lead us to believe that our network performs better at blind separation than the Herault-J utten network, reflecting the fact that it is derived rigorously from the mutual information objective. 468 Anthony J. Bell, Terrence J. Sejnowski 1
Lentiviral Vector–mediated Autonomous Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells into Immunologically Potent Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2007)

Approaches facilitating generation of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for clinical trials and enhancing their viability, bio-distribution, and capacity to stimulate antigen-specific immune responses are critical for immunotherapy. We programmed mouse bone marrow (BM) cells with lentiviral vectors (LV-GI4) so that they produced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in an autonomous manner. DC/LV-GI4 cells underwent autonomous trans-differentiation to yield typical phenotypic characteristics of DCs. DC/LV-GI4 cells that self-differentiated either ex vivo or in vivo showed persistent and robust viability and stimulated high influx of DCs into draining lymph nodes (LNs). The immunostimulatory efficacy of DC/LV-GI4 cells was evaluated using MART1 and TRP2 as co-expressed melanoma antigens. Mice vaccinated with DC/LV-GI4 cells that self-differentiated in vitro or in vivo produced potent antigen-specific responses against melanoma, which correlated with protective and long-term therapeutic anti-tumor effects. Thus, DC precursors can be genetically engineered after a single ex vivo manipulation, resulting in DC vaccines with improved activity.
CONCHOCELIS GROWTH AND PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF CONCHOSPORE RELEASE IN <i>PORPHYRA TORTA</i> (RHODOPHYTA) <sup>1</sup> (1987)

ABSTRACT We have determined the conditions which give optimal growth and conchospore release in laboratory cultures of free conchocelis of the red alga Porphyra torta Krishnamurthy. With cool white fluorescent light on a 16L.8D photoregime, the fastest sustained growth (5% volume increase d −1 ) was observed from 10–15°C and 25–100 μE‐m −2. s −1 ; slightly faster growth was observed at 15°C and 300 μE.m −2. s −1 , but such conditions are close to lethal. Conchoporangin will form under a wide range of conditions in conchocelis of this species. However, conchospores will mature and release only when the cultures are exposed to a short day photoperiod. The critical pholoperiod is just shorter than 12 h, The minimum number of photoinductive cycles for complete conchospore release is four for a range of conditions but can be just one depending on pretreatment .
An upgraded ion source for a mass spectrometer (2012)

A model analysis of ion sources for dynamic mass spectrometers was performed, and the design of an upgraded ion source, which substantially reduces the ion energy spread, allows optimization of the zone of ion extraction from the source, and provides a high sensitivity of the instrument in the operation with low-energy ionizing electrons (down to threshold energies), was developed. Methodological techniques that allow one to analyze and calculate numerical model variants of ion sources of various designs using the SIMION 3D 7.0 program were developed.
Heat effects in gas sulfiding of hydroprocessing catalysts (1988)

Abstract An a priori model is developed to assess the heat effects during gas‐phase (H 2 S/H 2 ) sulfiding of a CoOMoO 3 /γAl 2 O 3 hydroprocessing catalyst in a small fixed‐bed reactor. The model satisfactorily predicts the observed maximum temperature rise and the speed of the traveling exotherm. It is found that the amount of heat released can be of sufficient magnitude to cause significant hot spotting and local starvation of H 2 S, both of which need to be avoided for desired catalyst performance. With this model, parametric studies were made to optimize the sulfiding operation. It is expected that the model can be used to guide catalyst synthesis research and to scale up laboratory/pilot‐plant sulfiding procedures.
On the hot metal desulfurization (1995)

Although there is no thermodynamic limitation to the desulfurization of carbon‐saturated iron with CaO, the process is well‐known to be slow. Consequently, the desulfurization of carbon‐saturated Fe‐S, Fe‐S‐Si, Fe‐S‐Si‐Al, Fe‐S‐Zr alloys by CaO, and Fe‐S‐Si alloys by CaO‐10 % CaF 2 were investigated to determine the reaction mechanism. For this purpose, dense CaO and CaO‐10 % CaF 2 discs were cemented to the bottoms of graphite crucibles containing the carbon saturated alloys. The desulfurization experiments were run at 1450°C in an SiC resistance furnace under argon gas atmosphere. The results indicate that the desulfurization of hot metal by CaO is greatly improved by prior addition of aluminum to the hot metal. The addition of 10 % CaF 2 to CaO also increases the rate of desulfurization. Zirconium, which has a stronger affinity for oxygen than aluminum did not increase the rate. SEM and X‐ray diffraction studies on the surfaces of CaO discs used to desulfurize carbon‐saturated Fe‐S, and Fe‐S‐Si alloys showed that solid CaS, and solid CaS plus small amount of solid 2 CaO · SiO 2 compounds form on the lime surface, respectively. The slow reaction rate with CaO is attributed to the solid reaction products which block the reaction by preventing the occurrence of interfacial turbulence.
Deformable Registration of Glioma Images Using EM Algorithm and Diffusion Reaction Modeling (2010)

This paper investigates the problem of atlas registration of brain images with gliomas. Multiparametric imaging modalities (T1, T1-CE, T2, and FLAIR) are first utilized for segmentations of different tissues, and to compute the posterior probability map (PBM) of membership to each tissue class, using supervised learning. Similar maps are generated in the initially normal atlas, by modeling the tumor growth, using reaction-diffusion equation. Deformable registration using a demons-like algorithm is used to register the patient images with the tumor bearing atlas. Joint estimation of the simulated tumor parameters (e.g., location, mass effect and degree of infiltration), and the spatial transformation is achieved by maximization of the log-likelihood of observation. An expectation-maximization algorithm is used in registration process to estimate the spatial transformation and other parameters related to tumor simulation are optimized through asynchronous parallel pattern search (APPSPACK). The proposed method has been evaluated on five simulated data sets created by statistically simulated deformations (SSD), and fifteen real multichannel glioma data sets. The performance has been evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the results have been compared to ORBIT, an alternative method solving a similar problem. The results show that our method outperforms ORBIT, and the warped templates have better similarity to patient images.
Fate Maps of Neural Crest and Mesoderm in the Mammalian Eye (2005)

The data provide essential new information toward understanding the complex interactions required for normal development and function of the mammalian eye. The results also underscore the importance of confirming neural crest and mesoderm fates in a model mammalian system. The complementary systems used in this study should be useful for studying the respective cell fates in other organ systems.
Chebyshev approximation for non-recursive digital filters (1972)

An efficient procedure for the design of finite length impulse response filters with linear phase is presented. The algorithm obtains the optimum Chebyshev approximation on separate intervals corresponding to pass and/or stop bands, and is capable of designing very long filters. This approach allows the exact specification of arbitrary band-edge frequencies as opposed to previous algorithms which could not directly control pass and stop band locations and could only obtain N-1 / 2 different band edge locations for a length N low-pass filter, for fixed phi1 and phi2. As an aid in practical application of the algorithm, several graphs are included to show relations among the parameters of filter length, transition width, band-edge frequencies, passband ripple, and stopband attenuation.
Uptake of technetium-99m-tetrofosmin, technetium-99m-MIBI and thallium-201 in tumor cell lines. (1996)

Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin uptake depends on both cell membrane and mitochondrial potentials. Only a small fraction of 99mTc-tetrofosmin accumulates inside the mitochondria, while most 99mTc-MIBI accumulates inside the mitochondria. Thallium-201 uptake is partly independent of the Na+, K+ pump.
Global active method for automatic formant tracking guided by local processing (2003)

In a formant tracking algorithm, the combination of both local viewpoint and global aspect of formant trajectories is difficult. The authors present an approach which incorporates local processing to build elementary tracks and an active method which generates rough formant track hypotheses and makes the resulting trajectories move towards the formant trajectories.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Forensic Drug Testing for Opiates. VI. Urine Testing for Hydromorphone, Hydrocodone, Oxymorphone, and Oxycodone with Commercial Opiate Immunoassays and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (1995)

Opiate testing for morphine and codeine is performed routinely in forensic urine drug-testing laboratories in an effort to identify illicit opiate abusers. In addition to heroin, the 6-keto-opioids, including hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, and oxycodone, have high abuse liability and are self-administered by opiate abusers, but only limited information is available on detection of these compounds by current immunoassay and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) methods. In this study, single doses of hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, and oxycodone were administered to human subjects, and urine samples were collected before and periodically after dosing. Opiate levels were determined in a quantitative mode with four commercial immunoassays, TDx opiates (TDx), Abuscreen radioimmunoassay (ABUS), Coat-A-Count morphine in urine (CAC), and EMIT d.a.u. opiate assay (EMIT), and by GC-MS. GC-MS assay results indicated that hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, and oxycodone administration resulted in rapid excretion of parent drug and O-demethylated metabolites in urine. Peak concentrations occurred within 8 h after drug administration and declined below 300 ng/mL within 24-48 h. Immunoassay testing indicated that hydromorphone, hydrocodone, and oxycodone, but not oxymorphone, were detectable in urine by TDx and EMIT (300-ng/mL cutoff) for 6-24 h. ABUS detected only hydrocodone, and CAC failed to detect any of the four 6-keto-opioid analgesics. Generally, immunoassays for opiates in urine displayed substantially lower sensitivities for 6-keto-opioids compared with GC-MS. Consequently, urine samples containing low to moderate concentrations of hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, and oxycodone will likely go undetected when tested by conventional immunoassays.
Overexpression of a TFIIIA‐type zinc finger protein gene <i>ZFP252</i> enhances drought and salt tolerance in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) (2008)

We previously identified a salt and drought stress-responsive TFIIIA-type zinc finger protein gene ZFP252 from rice. Here we report the functional analysis of ZFP252 using gain- and loss-of-function strategies. We found that overexpression of ZFP252 in rice increased the amount of free proline and soluble sugars, elevated the expression of stress defense genes and enhanced rice tolerance to salt and drought stresses, as compared with ZFP252 antisense and non-transgenic plants. Our findings suggest that ZFP252 plays an important role in rice response to salt and drought stresses and is useful in engineering crop plants with enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses.
Vibration of a Vehicle Body Due to Road Roughness (1999)

This paper presents a computational method to analyze the frequency characteristics of the vehicle system that includes vehicle body, suspension components and tires. With the modal synthesis technique, a coupled formulation was obtained for the substructure systems in which rubber bushings for body mount are modeled as tri-axial scalar springs. Equations of motion for the system are derived based on the modal synthesis method. Vibration modes and forced response characteristics of the system can be obtained by solving the system equation. 
To verify the accuracy of the simulation results obtained by the presented method, the bench test of quarter car and the modal test of the experimental vehicle are performed. Test results are in good agreement with the computational results obtained by the present method.
Two-stage precipitation process of iron and arsenic from acid leaching solutions (2008)

为贱金属恢复的沥滤的进程经常产生象铁和砷那样的杂质的可观的数量进解决方案。为最后的处理把非珍贵的金属分开成可管理、稳定的废物产品是挑战，没有松开珍贵成分。Boliden 矿物质 AB 获给很干净的铁砷的一个二阶段的降水过程专利由贱金属的最少一起沉淀猛抛。有好沉积和过滤性质的获得的产品表演，它使恢复铁砷容易弄空由过滤的答案并且 precipitate 洗。键盘乐器的低音部凳子规模测试被做了，显示出二阶段的降水过程完成的优秀结果。
Characterisation of glucose transport in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>with plasma membrane vesicles (countertransport) and intact cells (initial uptake) with single Hxt1, Hxt2, Hxt3, Hxt4, Hxt6, Hxt7 or Gal2 transporters (2002)

The yeast glucose transporters Hxt1, Hxt2, Hxt3, Hxt4, Hxt6, Hxt7 and Gal2, individually expressed in an hxt1-7 null mutant strain, demonstrate the phenomenon of countertransport. Thus, these transporters, which are the most important glucose transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are facilitated diffusion transporters. Apparent K(m)-values from high to low affinity, determined from countertransport and initial-uptake experiments, respectively, are: Hxt6 0.9+/-0.2 and 1.4+/-0.1 mM, Hxt7 1.3+/-0.3 and 1.9+/-0.1 mM, Gal2 1.5 and 1.6+/-0.1 mM, Hxt2 2.9+/-0.3 and 4.6+/-0.3 mM, Hxt4 6.2+/-0.5 and 6.2+/-0.3 mM, Hxt3 28.6+/-6.8 and 34.2+/-3.2 mM, and Hxt1 107+/-49 and 129+/-9 mM. From both independent methods, countertransport and initial uptake, the same range of apparent K(m)-values was obtained for each transporter. In contrast to that in human erythrocytes, the facilitated diffusion transport mechanism of glucose in yeast was symmetric. Besides facilitated diffusion there existed in all single glucose transport mutants, except for the HXT1 strain, significant first-order behaviour.
Facile Small Scale Synthesis of Nucleoside 5′-Phosphate Mixtures (2009)

We present a facile method to phosphorylate small amounts of nucleosides (0.05 mumol) into mixtures of their 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates in a one-pot reaction. The nucleosides were first converted into their dichlorophosphates using a large excess (15-18 equivalents) of phosphorous oxychloride in trimethylphosphate. The large excess resulted in good dichlorophosphate yields (46-76%) for the four nucleosides tested. Upon the addition of tributylammonium-phosphate with additional tributylamine (20 equivalents both), the dichlorophosphate was converted into a mixture containing equal amounts of the mono-, di-, and triphosphate. The presented method was successfully applied to synthesize mixtures of stable isotope labeled nucleotides, which can be used as internal standards in quantitative mass spectrometric assays.
Nanostructured Hydrogels by Blend Electrospinning of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers (2018)

Nanofibrous membranes based on polycaprolactone (PCL) have a large potential for use in biomedical applications but are limited by the hydrophobicity of PCL. Blend electrospinning of PCL with other biomedical suited materials, such as gelatin (Gt) allows for the design of better and new materials. This study investigates the possibility of blend electrospinning PCL/Gt nanofibrous membranes which can be used to design a range of novel materials better suited for biomedical applications. The electrospinnability and stability of PCL/Gt blend nanofibers from a non-toxic acid solvent system are investigated. The solvent system developed in this work allows good electrospinnable emulsions for the whole PCL/Gt composition range. Uniform bead-free nanofibers can easily be produced, and the resulting fiber diameter can be tuned by altering the total polymer concentration. Addition of small amounts of water stabilizes the electrospinning emulsions, allowing the electrospinning of large and homogeneous nanofibrous structures over a prolonged period. The resulting blend nanofibrous membranes are analyzed for their composition, morphology, and homogeneity. Cold-gelling experiments on these novel membranes show the possibility of obtaining water-stable PCL/Gt nanofibrous membranes, as well as nanostructured hydrogels reinforced with nanofibers. Both material classes provide a high potential for designing new material applications.
Lysozyme Dimer Formation on Lysozyme Oxidation with as Studied by Fluorescence Evolution (1982)

Lysozyme dimers produced on oxidation of lysozyme with Br2 radical in aqueous solutions exhibit a fluorescence spectrum (lambda max = 400 nm) closely similar to that of bi-tyrosine. This suggests that the dimer is likely to have a tyrosine-tyrosine bond resulting from the combination of tyrosine phenoxy radicals of two lysozyme molecules. Kinetic studies on dimer formation were made by measuring time-dependent fluorescence after pulsed-electron irradiation over wide pH range. The results lead to the following conclusions. The second-order growth of the dimer fluorescence observed at pH 10.7-12.5 reflects the combination process of the lysozyme radicals, which is rate-determining in the pH range. On the other hand, the first-order growth observed at pH 6.8-10.2 is attributable to the enolization of the keto-form of the dimer. A tentative reaction scheme is proposed for the dimer formation.
Color Cathode-Ray Tube with Three Phosphor Bands (1950)

A cathode-ray tube with a screen consisting of three phosphor bands fluorescing in the primary colors of red, blue and green may, in principle, be used to effect wholly electronic reproduction of television pictures in natural color if field- or line-sequential transmitting norms are employed. However, this tube inherently suffers from two limitations: the screen area is inefficiently utilized from the standpoint of light output, and the resolution capabilities are inadequate.
A 4 ns BiCMOS translation-lookaside buffer (1990)

A 64-entry, fully associative translation lookaside buffer (TLB) which has pin-to-pin address translation time of 3.6 ns is described. This translation speed is achieved with a BiCMOS content addressable memory (CAM) and static-random-access-memory (SRAM) arrays that maintain small signal swings throughout the critical translation path.. The TLB has been integrated as a stand-alone chip in a 0.8- mu m BiCMOS technology. The circuit operates from a 5.2-V supply with emitter-coupled-logic (ECL) compatible input and output levels. The power dissipation, excluding the power dissipated in the physical address output buffers, is less than 600 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Triboelectric Nanogenerator‐Based Smart Insole for Multifunctional Gait Monitoring (2018)

Abstract Accurately monitoring human gait is critical for health evaluation and/or early diagnosis, especially for elder and injured people's healthcare. The presence of gait abnormalities could be important predictors of the risk of developing diseases. Herein, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐based smart insole for real‐time gait monitoring is reported. Due to the novel air‐pressure‐driven structural design, the elastic TENG‐based sensors exhibit compelling features including simple fabrication, fast response time, high durability, and excellent mechanical robustness. The TENG‐based sensors can be easily integrated into the conventional insole so that it can convert the mechanical triggering/impact into electrical output. By analyzing such electrical signals, the smart insole could accurately monitor and distinguish various gait patterns in real time, including jump, step, walk, and run. The smart insole could also be used to monitor the abnormality of gait for rehabilitation assessment. In addition, the smart insole can play another important role in healthcare applications, for example, serving as a fall‐down alert system for elder people or patients. This work not only paves a new way for real‐time and long‐term gait monitoring, but also presents a new perspective for the practical applications of remote clinical biomotion analysis.
Next generation engineering of conditional mouse alleles with loxP and FRT sites by dual RMCE. (2010)

We have developed dual RMCE \(dRMCE) as a rapid, cost-saving and easy to use tool that allows reengineering the vast majority of existing conditional alleles and generation of mice without the need to resort again to homologous recombination or other more complex or time consuming strategies. dRMCE mobilizes the normal loxP and FRT sites present in most conditional alleles and many gene-trap alleles for site-speci c targeting of the endogenous locus with a custom designed replacement cassette. dRMCE is well-suited for the easy and rapid modi cation of endogenous genes by e.g. inserting molecular tags, introduce disease-causing mutations, swap domains and/or insertion of exogenous genes in mouse ES cell lines. To facilitate access to the technology, we have developed a "dRMCE tool-kit" \(available from Addgene) that comprises the dual-recombinase expression vector and several backbone plasmids for easy generation of replacement vectors. The procedures described here focus mostly on the dRMCE technology. However, we also provide information essential for ES cell culture as far as it is relevant for successful replacement of the locus of interest by dRMCE, generation of highly chimeric mice and germline transmission of the modi ed allele. This protocol complements the information provided by Osterwalder et al. \(Ref.1). Reagents **ES cell and feeder cell cultures** **D-PBS** \(1X), liquid \(Gibco, 14190-144) **D-PBS with Mg 2+