gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding domain affect systemic spread (2008)

The HA of influenza virus is a receptor-binding and fusion protein that is required to initiate infection. The HA receptor-binding domain determines the species of sialyl receptors recognized by influenza viruses. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the HA receptor-binding domain alter the ability of the H5N1 virus to spread systemically in mice. The A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN1203) and A/Hong Kong/213/03 (HK213) viruses are consistently lethal to domestic chickens but differ in their pathogenicity to mammals. Insertion of the VN1203 HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes into recombinant HK213 virus expanded its tissue tropism and increased its lethality in mice; conversely, insertion of HK213 HA and NA genes into recombinant VN1203 virus decreased its systemic spread and lethality. The VN1203 and HK213 HAs differ by 10 aa, and HK213 HA has shown greater binding affinity for synthetic alpha2,6-linked sialyl receptor. Introduction of an S227N change and removal of N-linked glycosylation at residue 158 increased the alpha2,6-binding affinity of VN1203 HA. Recombinant VN1203 virus carrying the S227N change alone or with the residue-158 glycosylation site removed showed reduced lethality and systemic spread in mice but not in domestic chickens. Wild-type VN1203 virus exhibited the greatest efficiency in systemic spread after intramuscular inoculation and in infection of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and conventional pulmonary dendritic cells. These results show that VN1203 HA glycoprotein confers pathogenicity by facilitating systemic spread in mice; they also suggest that a minor change in receptor binding domain may modulate the virulence of H5N1 viruses.
MEMS-fabricated micro vacuum electron devices (μVEDs) for terahertz (THz) applications (2008)

New types of micro vacuum electron devices (μVEDs) for high power and broadband applications in the THz and sub-THz regimes are presented. We have developed advanced MEMS techniques permitting the fabrication and onchip integration of μVED circuit elements based on photolithography and chemical etching.
Effect of P‐chirality of oligo(deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioate)s on the activity of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (1998)

Phosphorothioate analogues of oligonucleotides (PS-oligos) of predetermined chirality at the phosphorus atom at each internucleotide linkage have been used as primers for terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT, EC 2.7.7.31). The enzyme catalyzes efficient elongation of PS primers in which all phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are uniformly of the [R(P)] configuration, while the presence of the linkage(s) of the [S(P)] configuration significantly decreases or completely inhibits the primer extension. Our results indicate that for the elongation of phosphorothioate oligomers the most important is the internucleotide bond located between the second and the third nucleoside from the 3'-end. The presence of [S(P)] linkage at this position strongly reduces the enzyme activity while the [R(P)] bond allows for effective elongation of the primer. The activity of the enzyme is also influenced by base composition and sequence of phosphorothioate primer as well as the dNTP used for elongation process.
The Formula 'S'en a un ris gite' in the Charroi de Nimes (1976)

Journal Article THE FORMULA “S'EN A UN RIS GITÉ” IN THE CHARROI DE NÎMES1 Get access A. R. PRESS A. R. PRESS Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume XII, Issue 1, January 1976, Pages 17–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/XII.1.17 Published: 01 January 1976
Towards Security and Balance in Email Through Correspondence Negotiation (2005)

Email has emerged as a preferred communication medium among people of all generations. With the increasing number of users, SPAM has become a major cause of concern. Spammers are taking advantage of vulnerability of the email transport and delivery protocol (SMTP), to spread viruses, send fraudulent messages, etc. Consequently, the current email system suffers from lack of security, and imbalance between senders and receivers. This work introduces Correspondence Negotiation Protocol (CNP) to make email communication more secure. We address the current imbalance between senders and receivers, and try to solve this imbalance by providing more control to recipients and making senders more accountable. We present an implementation of Correspondence Negotiation Agent (CNA) - an email client that supports CNP. CNA is composed of three principal components: Authenticator, Negotiator, and esecretary. It has been implemented by extending JMail. CNA runs on multiple operating systems and can inter-operate with other email clients.
New inducible promoter for gene expression and synthetic biology in Yarrowia lipolytica (2017)

Novel tunable and regulated promoters with applications in the field of heterologous protein production, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology have been developed, thus filling the gap of the absence of versatile inducible promoter in the yeast Y. lipolytica.
A digit-serial architecture for gray-scale morphological filtering (1995)

We present a digit-serial architecture for gray-scale morphological operations that operate on radix-2 redundant numbers. We present new implementations for a redundant number adder and a maximum unit that are used in the morphological dilation unit. These new designs have areas comparable to 2's complement implementations but have significantly smaller latencies.
Encapsulation of Polystyrene Latex with Temperature-Responsive Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) via a Self-Assembling Approach and the Adsorption Behaviors Therein (2005)

Temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)-encapsulated polystyrene latex was prepared via a layer-by-layer self-assembly of cationic and anionic polyNIPAms alternately. Studies showed that the size of PNIPAm-encapsulated polystyrene particles (m-PS) increased with the encapsulation manipulation, as verified by both transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. The m-PS underwent a dramatic volume decrease at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAm, with the onset temperature shifting to a higher temperature range as the number of encapsulating layers increased. A qualitative study on the adsorption behavior of Ag nanoparticles revealed that while the pristine (p) Ag nanoparticles were predominantly adsorbed on the m-PS below the LCST, the hydrophobically modified one (m-Ag) was preferentially adsorbed on the same PS above the LCST, which corresponded to the hydrophilic to hydrophobic transition of the m-PS at the LCST.
The Relationship Between Nonverbal Cognitive Functions and Hearing Loss (2007)

The authors conclude that the use of nonverbal tests is essential when testing cognitive functions of individuals with hearing loss.
Co-Formed Components for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1995)

A previous paper has described the benefits of co-forming solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) assemblies by rolling plastic precursor compositions of electrolyte and interconnecting material together, and firing the resultant composite structures to full density. This paper pursues this idea further, and shows that other components, such as interconnect plates, can be made by the same method. Moreover, the technique need not be confined to rolling, but may also be extended to extrusion, giving composite tubular cells, for example. Tests on the final composite components show that leak-tight junctions between the two materials can be obtained, but the interface between zirconia and calcia doped lanthanum chromite is complicated by interaction of the two materials. In particular, the lanthanum chromite close to the interface becomes non-conducting.
Interferon‐induced TRAIL‐independent cell death in <i>DNase II<sup>−/−</sup></i> embryos (2010)

The chromosomal DNA of apoptotic cells and the nuclear DNA expelled from erythroid precursors is cleaved by DNase II in lysosomes after the cells or nuclei are engulfed by macrophages. DNase II(-/-) embryos suffer from lethal anemia due to IFN-beta produced in the macrophages carrying undigested DNA. Here, we show that Type I IFN induced a caspase-dependent cell death in human epithelial cells that were transformed to express a high level of IFN type I receptor. During this death process, a set of genes was strongly activated, one of which encoded TRAIL, a death ligand. A high level of TRAIL mRNA was also found in the fetal liver of the lethally anemic DNase II(-/-) embryos, and a lack of IFN type I receptor in the DNase II(-/-) IFN-IR(-/-) embryos blocked the expression of TRAIL mRNA. However, a null mutation in TRAIL did not rescue the lethal anemia of the DNase II(-/-) embryos, indicating that TRAIL is dispensable for inducing the apoptosis of erythroid cells in DNase II(-/-) embryos, and therefore, that there is a TRAIL-independent mechanism for the IFN-induced apoptosis.
R-Site Substitution Effect on the Oxygen-Storage Capability of RBaCo<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7+δ</sub> (2008)

Here we show that the low-temperature oxygen-storage capability of RBaCo4O7+δ (R = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) depends on the size of the rare earth constituent R. For all these R constituents the RBaCo4O7+δ phase can be charged and discharged with large amounts of oxygen in a narrow temperature range below 400 °C. With decreasing ionic radius, r(RIII), the oxygen-release temperature (TR) decreases while the temperature where the phase decomposes (TD) increases such that the “safety window” between TR and TD widens. On the other hand, the maximum amount of excess oxygen taken by the RBaCo4O7+δ lattice in 1 atm O2 decreases from δ ≈ 1.4 (for R = Dy) to ∼1.0 (for R = Lu) with decreasing r(RIII). Hence the optimum oxygen-storage characteristics are found about R = Tm in terms of r(RIII). We also discuss the crystal structures of the oxygen-annealed RBaCo4O7+δ samples.
Comparative analysis of hexaene antibiotics. (1984)

A study of nine hexaene antibiotics resulted in their assignment to three subgroups on the basis of their bioactivities. Separation of individual components of the nine antibiotic complexes was accomplished by thin-layer chromatography. Similarities and differences among members of the subgroups were established by thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Two antibiotics (endomycin and hexafungin) were found to be similar.
The case for application-specific benchmarking (2003)

Most performance analysis today uses either microbenchmarks or standard macrobenchmarks (e.g. SPEC, LADDIS, the Andrew benchmark). However, the results of such benchmarks provide little information to indicate how well a particular system will handle a particular application. Such results are, at best, useless and, at worst, misleading. In this paper we argue for an application-directed approach to benchmarking, using performance metrics that reflect the expected behavior of a particular application across a range of hardware or software platforms. We present three different approaches to application-specific measurement, one using vectors that characterize both the underlying system and an application, one using trace-driven techniques, and a hybrid approach. We argue that such techniques should become the new standard.
Polycrystalline silicon oxidation method improving surface roughness at the oxide/polycrystalline silicon interface (1995)

A polycrystalline silicon oxidation method, which considerably improves the surface roughness at the oxide/polycrystalline silicon interface, is presented. The surface roughness at the interface is observed by transmission electron microscopy and is also evaluated by atomic force microscopy after the oxide layer is removed using buffered HF acid. The oxide/polycrystalline silicon interface by the new oxidation method with the 50 Å thick intermediate oxide has the rms surface roughness of 30 Å, while that of the interface by the conventional method is 120 Å.
Diacyllipid-Polymer Micelles as Nanocarriers for Poorly Soluble Anticancer Drugs (2002)

Highly stable micelles with the size of 10 to 40 nm can be prepared from poly(ethylene glycol)/phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG−PE) conjugates. These micelles easily solubilize and firmly retain substantial quantities of various poorly soluble anticancer drugs (m-porphyrin, tamoxifen, taxol). The micelles with encapsulated drugs have the size and size distribution very close to that of original “empty” micelles. Stable drug-loaded polymeric micelles may represent a convenient drug delivery system into tumors utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
Structural Analysis of the Active Site and DNA Binding of Human Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3B (2018)

APOBEC3 (A3) proteins, a family of human cytidine deaminases, protect the host from endogenous retro-elements and exogenous viral infections by introducing hypermutations. However, overexpressed A3s can modify genomic DNA to promote tumorigenesis, especially A3B. Despite their overall similarity, A3 proteins have distinct deamination activity. Recently determined A3 structures have revealed the molecular determinants of nucleotide specificity and DNA binding. However, for A3B, the structural basis for regulation of deamination activity and the role of active site loops in coordinating DNA had remained unknown. Using advanced molecular modeling followed by experimental mutational analysis and dynamics simulations, we investigated the molecular mechanism of DNA binding by A3B-CTD. We modeled fully native A3B-DNA structure, and we identified Arg211 in loop 1 as the gatekeeper coordinating DNA and critical residue for nucleotide specificity. We also identified a unique autoinhibited conformation in A3B-CTD that restricts access and binding of DNA to the active site. Our results reveal the structural basis for DNA binding and relatively lower catalytic activity of A3B and provide opportunities for rational design of specific inhibitors to benefit cancer therapeutics.
Treatment of Copper from Cu CMP Waste Streams Using Polyethyleneimine (2008)

Commercially available Cu CMP waste treatment processes involve: 1) pretreatment chemistry using oxidizers to break down complexed copper resulting in precipitation of copper in the form of copper hydroxide; 2) microfiltration of both slurry particles and copper hydroxide; and 3) ion exchange to remove ions. Ion exchange resins used to remove ions are limited to only removing cations and also have a low efficiency in binding ions. The treatment strategy to be evaluated here only requires using two processes to remove the copper from Cu CMP waste - filtration to remove the particles followed by chelation. This paper focuses on the chelation step. The chelator of interest is polyethyleneimine (PEI) bound to agarose beads. PEI removes both ions and Cu-complexes. The particles from slurry in the actual Cu CMP waste were removed by filtration before the experiment. The results show that PEI has a higher binding capacity for ions than ion exchange resins. Its performance and reproducibility did not change after multiple regenerations. Furthermore, PEI has the ability to bind Cu-complexes through electrostatic attraction. Although the bonds aren't strong, the result is more overall copper removal from the waste stream. The copper component of the Cu CMP waste was concentrated 12 fold using this system.
Systems biology approach reveals that overflow metabolism of acetate in Escherichia coli is triggered by carbon catabolite repression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (2010)

This study is an example of how a systems biology approach allowed to propose a new regulation mechanism for overflow metabolism in E. coli shown by proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic levels coupled to two-phase acetate accumulation: acetate overflow metabolism in E. coli is triggered by Acs down-regulation resulting in decreased assimilation of acetic acid produced by Pta, and disruption of the PTA-ACS node.
Gain characterization of the RF measurement path (2004)

In radio frequency (RF) measurements the gain (or loss) of the signal path connecting the measurement equipment to the measurement reference plane must be accounted for. This tutorial paper discusses the various definitions of gain, and how to determine the gain using either a calibrated signal generator, noise source, or network analyzer.
Rearrangements and increased expression of cyclin D1 (<i>CCND1</i>) in neuroblastoma (2003)

Cyclin D1 regulates G1 cell cycle progression by controlling the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. This pathway is frequently deregulated in many malignancies. In neuroblastoma, however, no consistent G1 cell cycle checkpoint aberrations have been found. We examined the possible deregulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) in this tumor. mRNA expression profiles of neuroblastoma generated by SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) revealed a high expression of CCND1 in a subset of neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors. The CCND1 expression level can be 0.3% of the total cellular mRNA. Northern blot analysis of CCND1 expression showed a relative overexpression in 16 of 23 neuroblastoma cell lines and 10 of 15 tumor samples. In the majority of cases, the high CCND1 mRNA levels also led to high CCND1 protein levels. In the search for mechanisms causing this relative overexpression, we screened for amplifications and rearrangements of CCND1. Five amplifications were found in 202 neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines. Analysis of the 3'-UTR of CCND1 showed a rearrangement in 1 of 96 tumors. These clonal aberrations of CCND1 together with the high expression suggest a role for deregulated CCND1 activity in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.
Nonlinear servo control of an induction motor with saturation (2002)

This work is an extension of the authors' (1994) previous work on high-performance induction motor control in which the magnetic model of the motor was assumed to be linear. Here, saturation of the iron in the main path of the induction machine is taken into account. The saturation is modeled in the dq coordinate frame and the model is then used to design an input-output linearization controller to provide independent (decoupled) control of the speed and flux. With this controller, the flux reference becomes an extra degree of freedom for the designer to help achieve performance objectives. Taking into account saturation, the flux reference is chosen to achieve the optimal torque (maximum for acceleration and minimum for deceleration) at any given speed. The input-output controller is used to provide tracking of a given position and speed trajectory while simultaneously tracking the optimal flux reference. Experimental results are given to validate the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Satellite Communication Engineering (2013)

An undeniably rich and thorough guide to satellite communication engineering, Satellite Communication Engineering, Second Edition presents the fundamentals of information communications systems in a simple and succinct way. This book considers both the engineering aspects of satellite systems as well as the practical issues in the broad field of information transmission. Implementing concepts developed on an intuitive, physical basis and utilizing a combination of applications and performance curves, this book starts off with a progressive foundation in satellite technology, and then moves on to more complex concepts with ease. What’s New in the Second Edition: The second edition covers satellite and Earth station design; global positioning systems; antenna tracking; links and communications systems; error detection and correction; data security; regulations and procedures for system modeling; integration; testing; and reliability and performance evaluation. Provides readers with the systems building blocks of satellite transponders and Earth stations, as well as the systems engineering design procedure Includes the tools needed to calculate basic orbit characteristics such as period, dwell time, coverage area, propagation losses; antenna system features such as size, beamwidth, aperture-frequency product, gain, tracking control; and system requirements such as power, availability, reliability, and performance Presents problem sets and starred sections containing basic mathematical development Details recent developments enabling digital information transmission and delivery via satellite Satellite Communication Engineering, Second Edition serves as a textbook for students and a resource for space agencies and relevant industries.
representation of road environment understanding for a mobile robot by picture interpretation language PILS (1986)

Abstract The picture interpretation language PILS·V‐1, which was already publicized, can handle essentially only the silhouette image, since the object and the background are separated in the pre‐processing. The system cannot handle a complex gray‐level image such as an outdoor scene. From such a viewpoint, PILS was improved as follows. The gray‐level image is partitioned into subregions based on the differential image in the pre‐processing. Each region is represented by global parameters such as the coordinate of the center, area, height, width and color. In the recognition stage, the object is recognized from the background, using the a priori knowledge of the object concerning the global parameters. This paper first discusses the representation of the gray‐level color image. Then using the outdoor road environment recognition by moving robot as an example, the programming in PILS for the object recognition algorithm based on the a priori knowledge is described. The result of computer processing is also shown.
The Function of Rho-Associated Kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease (2015)

Rho-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases that are downstream targets of the small GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC. ROCKs are involved in diverse cellular activities including actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion and motility, proliferation and apoptosis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cell contraction. The role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 has long been considered to be similar; however, it is now clear that they do not always have the same functions. Moreover, depending on their subcellular localization, activation, and other environmental factors, ROCK signaling can have different effects on cellular function. With respect to the heart, findings in isoform-specific knockout mice argue for a role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, respectively. Increased ROCK activity could play a pivotal role in processes leading to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, angina pectoris, vasospastic angina, heart failure, and stroke, and thus ROCK activity is a potential new biomarker for heart disease. Pharmacological ROCK inhibition reduces the enhanced ROCK activity in patients, accompanied with a measurable improvement in medical condition. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding ROCK signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, with a special focus on differences between ROCK1 and ROCK2 function.
Chronic Monocytic Leukemia in an Inland Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps (2004)

ABSTRACT Chronic monocytic leukemia with infiltration to the liver, small intestine, kidneys, and subconjunctival tissues was diagnosed in a 5-year-old, male, captive-bred inland bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps , that presented with lethargy, weight loss, and dehydration. Characterization of the neoplastic cells was aided by the use of cytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.