gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the condensation of glycine with benzaldehyde in ethanol (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the condensation of glycine with benzaldehyde in ethanolYoshiro Ogata, Atsushi Kawasaki, Hideaki Suzuki, and Hisashi KojohCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 17, 3031–3034Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00957a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00957a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views548Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hard tissue ablation with a mechanically Q-switched CO2 laser (2015)

Bone ablation with 400 ns pulses of a mechanically Q-switched CO2 laser is reported. A miniature water spray was used, which alleviates tissue carbonization, even at high laser pulse repetition rates, and increases ablation efficiency. An ablation threshold of less than 2 J/cm2, an optimal energy density of 10 J/cm2, and a corresponding specific ablation energy of 25-30 J/mm3 was found for pig thighbone compacta at l = 9.57 m m, and a beam waist diameter of 0.5 mm.
Enhanced Molecular Volume of Conservatively Pegylated Hb: (SP-PEG5K)<sub>6</sub>-HbA is Non-Hypertensive (2005)

Recent studies have suggested that the "pressor effect" of acellular Hb is a consequence of perturbation of the macro-and microcirculatory system in multiple ways, and that PEGylation is an effective approach for controlling the same. In an attempt to confirm this concept, a new and simple thiolation mediated, maleimide chemistry-based conservative PEGylation protocol has been developed to conjugate multiple copies of PEG-chains to Hb. This approach combines the high reactivity of maleimides towards thiols with the propensity of iminothiolane to derivatize the epsilon-amino groups of proteins into reactive thiol groups, with conservation of their positive charge. One of the PEGylated products, namely (SP-PEG5K)6-HbA, that carries on an average six copies of PEG5000 chains per Hb, is non-hypertensive in hamster top load and in rat 50% exchange transfusion models. This hexa-PEGylated-Hb has (i) a hydrodynamic volume corresponding to that of an oligomerized Hb of 256kDa, (ii) a molecular radius of approximately 6.8 nm, (iii) high oxygen affinity, (iv) lowered Bohr effect, and (v) increased viscosity and colloidal osmotic pressure. These properties of (SP-PEG5K)6-HbA are consistent with the emerging new paradigms for the design of Hb based oxygen carriers and confirm the concept that the "pressor effect" of Hb is a multifactorial event. The thiolation mediated maleimide chemistry-based PEGylation protocol described here for the generation of (SP-PEG5K)6-Hb is simple, highly efficient, and is carried out under oxy conditions. The results demonstrate that a non-hypertensive PEG-Hb can be generated by conjugation of a lower number of PEG chains than previously reported.
Wood Composite as an Energy Efficient Building Material: Guided Sunlight Transmittance and Effective Thermal Insulation (2016)

Among many other requirements, energy efficient building materials require effective daylight harvesting and thermal insulation to reduce electricity usage and weatherization cost. The most commonly used daylight harvesting material, glass, has limited light management capability and poor thermal insulation. For the first time, transparent wood is introduced as a building material with the following advantages compared with glass: (1) high optical transparency over the visible wavelength range (>85%); (2) broadband optical haze (>95%), which can create a uniform and consistent daylight distribution over the day without glare effect; (3) unique light guiding effect with a large forward to back scattering ratio of 9 for a 0.5 cm thick transparent wood; (4) excellent thermal insulation with a thermal conductivity around 0.32 W m −1 K −1 along the wood growth direction and 0.15 W m −1 K −1 in the cross plane, much lower than that of glass (≈1 W m −1 K −1 ); (5) high impact energy absorption that eliminates the safety issues often presented by glass; and (6) simple, scalable fabrication with reliable performance. The demonstrated transparent wood composite exhibits great promise as a future building material, especially as a replacement of glass toward energy efficient building with sustainable materials.
Optomechanical Magnetometry with a Macroscopic Resonator (2016)

Whispering galley mode resonators have many applications, including photonic circuitry, optical clocks, and sensing. They can be used as magnetometers that operate in ambient conditions and require no cryogenics, but so far they have been limited to sensitivities above 100 nT in the crucial 1--1000 Hz frequency range. The authors engineer a combination of optical and mechanical resonances in such a system to detect kHz magnetic fields with sensitivity around 100 pT. This advance of three orders of magnitude opens the door to applications in geological surveying, medical imaging, and other areas.
[Surgical management of traumatic injury of upper cervical spine]. (2009)

CT and MRI are required in the course of diagnosis for the traumatic injury of upper cervical spine. The optimal modus operandi should be choose to retain upper cervical spine, meanwhile, can reserve the cervical movement.
Modeling and characterization of gate oxide reliability (1988)

A technique of predicting the lifetime of an oxide to different voltages, different oxide areas, and different temperatures is presented. Using the defect density model in which defects are modeled as effective oxide thinning, many reliability parameters such as yield, failure rate, and screen time/screen yield can be predicted. This modeling procedure is applicable to both wafer-level and long-term reliability tests. Process improvements including defect gettering and alternative dielectrics such as chemical-vapor-deposited oxides are evaluated in the format of defect density as a function of effective oxide thinning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stabilized zirconia–alumina thin films (1986)

Thin films of zirconia–alumina of 1 to 2 μm in thickness have been produced by reactive magnetron sputtering. Mixtures from pure Al2O3 to pure ZrO2 were produced. The crystal structures of annealed specimens were determined with x‐ray diffraction and the results indicate that the tetragonal phase of zirconia was stabilized at room temperature with alumina. Chemical analysis of the deposited films was determined with Rutherford backscattering and proton scattering.
Invadosomes are coming: new insights into function and disease relevance (2017)

Invadopodia and podosomes are discrete, actin-based molecular protrusions that form in cancer cells and normal cells, respectively, in response to diverse signaling pathways and extracellular matrix cues. Although they participate in a host of different cellular processes, they share a common functional theme of controlling pericellular proteolytic activity, which sets them apart from other structures that function in migration and adhesion, including focal adhesions, lamellipodia, and filopodia. In this review, we highlight research that explores the function of these complex structures, including roles for podosomes in embryonic and postnatal development, in angiogenesis and remodeling of the vasculature, in maturation of the postsynaptic membrane, in antigen sampling and recognition, and in cell-cell fusion mechanisms, as well as the involvement of invadopodia at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, and how all of this may apply in the treatment of human disease states. Finally, we explore recent research that implicates a novel role for exosomes and microvesicles in invadopodia-dependent and invadopodia-independent mechanisms of invasion, respectively.
Synthesis of 2-Methyl-4-amino-6-substituted Aminopyrimidines<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-Methyl-4-amino-6-substituted Aminopyrimidines1Allison Maggiolo, Arthur P. Phillips, and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 106–107Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic measurement of carotid diameter and wall thickness in ultrasound images (2003)

Carotid vessel ultrasound imaging is a reliable noninvasive technique to measure the arterial morphology. Lumen Diameter (LD), intima-media thickness (IMT) of the far wall, and plaque presence can be reliably determined using B-mode ultrasound. In order to measure the carotid IMT as well as any other more complex quantitative indices of vessel morphology, it is necessary to identify lumen-intima and media-adventitia borders in the ultrasound images. In this paper we describe an automatic approach to measure LD and IMT based on an active contour technique improved by a multiresolution analysis. The measurements of LD and IMT were compared to manual tracing of the vessels border in terms of coefficients of variability (CV) and correlation (R). The results have shown that the method is a reliable and reproducible way of assessing the LD and far wall IMT in the carotid artery.
Low-temperature gas from marine shales (2009)

Thermal cracking of kerogens and bitumens is widely accepted as the major source of natural gas (thermal gas). Decomposition is believed to occur at high temperatures, between 100 and 200 degrees C in the subsurface and generally above 300 degrees C in the laboratory. Although there are examples of gas deposits possibly generated at lower temperatures, and reports of gas generation over long periods of time at 100 degrees C, robust gas generation below 100 degrees C under ordinary laboratory conditions is unprecedented. Here we report gas generation under anoxic helium flow at temperatures 300 degrees below thermal cracking temperatures. Gas is generated discontinuously, in distinct aperiodic episodes of near equal intensity. In one three-hour episode at 50 degrees C, six percent of the hydrocarbons (kerogen & bitumen) in a Mississippian marine shale decomposed to gas (C1-C5). The same shale generated 72% less gas with helium flow containing 10 ppm O2 and the two gases were compositionally distinct. In sequential isothermal heating cycles (approximately 1 hour), nearly five times more gas was generated at 50 degrees C (57.4 microg C1-C5/g rock) than at 350 degrees C by thermal cracking (12 microg C1-C5/g rock). The position that natural gas forms only at high temperatures over geologic time is based largely on pyrolysis experiments under oxic conditions and temperatures where low-temperature gas generation could be suppressed. Our results indicate two paths to gas, a high-temperature thermal path, and a low-temperature catalytic path proceeding 300 degrees below the thermal path. It redefines the time-temperature dimensions of gas habitats and opens the possibility of gas generation at subsurface temperatures previously thought impossible.
Model of Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) for Prediction of Fracture Parameters of Concrete (2011)

This article employs Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) for determination of fracture parameters of concrete: critical stress intensity factor (K s Ic ) and the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc). LSSVM that is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning theory uses regression technique. The results are compared with a widely used Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models of LSSVM have been developed for prediction of K s Ic and CTODc, and then a sensitivity analysis has been performed to investigate the importance of the input parameters. Equations have been also developed for determination of K s Ic and CTODc. The developed LSSVM also gives error bar. The results show that the developed model of LSSVM is very predictable in order to determine fracture parameters of concrete.
Bounds and Self-Consistent Estimates for the Overall Properties of Nonlinear Composites (1987)

Variational ‘self-consistent’ estimates for nonlinear problems are formulated, building on a variational formulation previously developed by the authors. The formulation employs a linear ‘comparison medium’ for whose properties some ‘self-consistent’ choice is made. In contrast to linear problems, three possible self-consistent choices present themselves. The results that they give are analysed for two particular systems (a nonlinear dielectric and a nonlinear lossy composite) for which bounds are already available. Estimates based on self-consistent embedding of a single inclusion in a homogeneous matrix composed of ‘comparison material’ are also developed.
Monolithic integration of an AlGaAs/GaAs surface emitting laser diode and a photodetector (1991)

The monolithic integration of an AlGaAs/GaAs surface emitting laser diode and a photodiode has been achieved successfully by using one step liquid phase epitaxial growth. Only a single laser beam is emitted vertically from the substrate through the nearby 45° reflector. The highest output power achieved is 22 mW and the threshold current density is 1.92 kA/cm2. The ratio between photocurrent of the detector and the output power of laser diode is 0.32 μA/mW for the type I device and 1 μA/mW for the type II device.
A Conserved Mechanism for Centromeric Nucleosome Recognition by Centromere Protein CENP-C (2013)

Chromosome segregation during mitosis requires assembly of the kinetochore complex at the centromere. Kinetochore assembly depends on specific recognition of the histone variant CENP-A in the centromeric nucleosome by centromere protein C (CENP-C). We have defined the determinants of this recognition mechanism and discovered that CENP-C binds a hydrophobic region in the CENP-A tail and docks onto the acidic patch of histone H2A and H2B. We further found that the more broadly conserved CENP-C motif uses the same mechanism for CENP-A nucleosome recognition. Our findings reveal a conserved mechanism for protein recruitment to centromeres and a histone recognition mode whereby a disordered peptide binds the histone tail through hydrophobic interactions facilitated by nucleosome docking.
Stirling engine performance optimization with different working fluids (1986)

The design flexibility of Stirling cycle devices is evident from the wide variety of mechanical configurations that have been developed as well as the many differing applications that have been shown to be technically feasible. The choice of working fluid is one option that strongly influences engine design. Hydrogen permits the most compact engine (for a given power output and efficiency) of any gaseous working fluid investigated and has therefore been the choice in Stirling development programs directed at the automotive application where engine size is a major concern. Systems using helium or air are presently under development for applications where size is not as important a consideration. This paper describes calculated characteristics of engines optimized for four working fluids (hydrogen, helium, air and methane). A comparison is given between engines whose exterior dimensions are minimized and with lower rpm, lower pressure engine designs calculated by maximizing the dimensionless parameter known as the Beale number. Design point power and efficiency are the same in the resulting eight conceptual designs but great variation is shown in engine characteristics due both to working fluid differences and to the two different design objectives. 5 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.
Nitroxides derived from ethoxyquin and dihydroethoxyquin as potent antinitrosamine agents for bacon (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitroxides derived from ethoxyquin and dihydroethoxyquin as potent antinitrosamine agents for baconKeki R. Bharucha, Charles K. Cross, and Leon J. RubinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 6, 915–917Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00078a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00078a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (<i>Lolium rigidum</i>) (1991)

Lolium rigidum Gaud. biotype SLR31 is resistant to the herbicide diclofop-methyl and cross-resistant to several sulfonylurea herbicides. Wheat and the cross-resistant ryegrass exhibit similar patterns of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides, suggesting that the mechanism of resistance may be similar. Cross-resistant ryegrass is also resistant to the wheat-selective imidazolinone herbicide imazamethabenz. The cross-resistant biotype SLR31 metabolized [phenyl-U-(14)C]chlorsulfuron at a faster rate than a biotype which is susceptible to both diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron. A third biotype which is resistant to diclofop-methyl but not to chlorsulfuron metabolized chlorsulfuron at the same rate as the susceptible biotype. The increased metabolism of chlorsulfuron observed in the cross-resistant biotype is, therefore, correlated with the patterns of resistance observed in these L. rigidum biotypes. During high performance liquid chromatography analysis the major metabolite of chlorsulfuron in both susceptible and cross-resistant ryegrass coeluted with the major metabolite produced in wheat. The major product is clearly different from the major product in the tolerant dicot species, flax (Linium usitatissimum). The elution pattern of metabolites of chlorsulfuron was the same for both the susceptible and cross-resistant ryegrass but the cross-resistant ryegrass metabolized chlorsulfuron more rapidly. The investigation of the dose response to sulfonylurea herbicides at the whole plant level and the study of the metabolism of chlorsulfuron provide two independent sets of data which both suggest that the resistance to chlorsulfuron in cross-resistant ryegrass biotype SLR31 involves a wheat-like detoxification system.
Orthogonally Protected N-Methyl-Substituted α-Aminoglycines (1996)

Abstract: Title glycine derivatives FmocNR l CH(NR 2 Boc)CO 2 H (I; Fmoc =9-fluorenyl-methyloxycarbonyl; Boc = Me 3 CO 2 C; R l = H, Me; R 2 = H, Me), useful as templates for the introduction of desired functionalities into peptides, were prepared by condensation of glyoxylic acid and carbamates Fmoc-NH-R l (R l = H, Me), followed by conversion with Me 2 CHSH of the resulting FmocNR l CH(OH)CO 2 H to FmocNR 1 CH(SCHMe 2 )CO 2 H (R l = H, Me) which were further treated with Boc-NH-R 2 (R 2 = H, Me) in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide. A simple and efficient synthesis of Fmoc-NH-Me and Boc-NH Me is also reported.
A probabilistic framework for fusing frame-based searches within a video copy detection system (2008)

In the last few years, content-based video copy detection became an important and key tool for solving the tricky problem of video copyright protection. This problem has been heightened with the development of web video exchange platforms. In general, content-based video copy detection relies on the description of the visual content of the video. The video is segmented and a selected subset of frames, called keyframes, is described. Searching for a video is then performed by a set of similarity searches based on keyframes. These searches provide partial results that have to be integrated and fused. In this paper, we focus on this particular and crucial step. The objective is to properly fuse together partial results, to take into account the temporal coherence of the video and to be efficient (i.e. rapid). The solution we propose is based on a probabilistic framework that models the different parameters and inputs of this step and enables to deal with the temporal consistency. It also makes the process more reliable, as imprecision tolerated during the keyframe-based similarity searches has no impact on the overall accuracy. This particularly allows the speeding up of the detection process.
Bioethanol Production Processes (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Global Market for Bioethanol and Future Prospects Overall Process of Bioethanol Production Production of Sugars from Raw Materials Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials Sugar Solution from Lignocellulosic Materials Basic Concepts of Fermentation Conversion of Simple Sugars to Ethanol Biochemical Basis for Ethanol Production from Hexoses Biochemical Basis for Ethanol Production from Pentoses Microorganisms Related to Ethanol Fermentation Fermentation Processes Ethanol Recovery Distillation Alternative Processes for Ethanol Recovery and Purifi cation Ethanol Dehydration Distillers' Dried Grains with Solubles Sustainability of Bioethanol Production Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects