gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>New photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy of tumors</title> (1994)

This paper reviews the main approaches that have been made worldwide over the past five years (1989 - 1993) in the effort to discover new and more effective sensitizers for tumor phototherapy. Advances in our understanding of haematoporphyrin derivative and its commercial variants are dealt with briefly. New compounds in the porphyrin, chlorin, bacteriochlorin and phthalocyanine series are discussed, and the relationship between spectroscopic and other physical properties and the photoactivity of the drug are explored. The prospects for future developments are considered briefly.
User interface design practices in simple single page web applications (2008)

The single page web design is an extreme approach of designing the web applications. It limits the structure of the application to fit into only one single physical web page and suppresses the further navigational capabilities. Such limitations strongly affect the design process of the application development, putting more emphasis on the design of the user interface components. We present and discuss the list of five higher level user interface design principles with implementation examples that make the development process easier and bring additional application usability.
Quantitative assessment of UML dynamic models (2005)

In this work we plan to provide a suite of measures to address mainly two problem areas within contemporary object-oriented software measurement: (i) the lack of measures for the early stages of system development, like conceptual modeling and (ii) the lack of measures for dynamic models of an object-oriented system. Our suite of measures is going to be taken from UML 2.0 diagrams. OCL (Object-Constraint Language) and the UML 2.0 meta-model will be used to formalize and contextualize the definitions.
Integration of VCSEL on Silicon Photonics Using a Grating Coupler for Polarization Control and In-Plane Coupling (2017)

An O-band VCSEL is integrated with a silicon photonic chip using a grating coupler that provides feedback to maintain the emission polarization. The VCSEL-to-chip coupling efficiency is −5 dB at a current of 2.5 mA.
Synthesis and reactions of 1‐[1‐oxido‐2‐(3,4)‐pyridinyl]‐2‐methyloxiranes with nitrogen nucleophiles (1981)

Abstract Reaction of 2(3,4)‐pyridinecarboxaldehydes (5) with ethylidenetriphenylphosphorane afford a mixture of stereoisomers Z ‐( 6 ) and E ‐1‐[2(3,4)‐pyridinyl]‐1‐propenes ( 7 ). m ‐Chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation of 6 and 7 yields a 60:40 mixture of Z ‐( 8 ) and E‐1‐[1‐oxido‐2(3,4)‐pyridinyl]‐2‐methyloxiranes ( 9 ). The regiospecific reaction of Z ‐isomers 8a‐c with cyclic amines as piperidine give rise to threo ‐1‐hydroxy‐1‐[1‐oxido‐2(3,4)‐pyridinyl]‐2‐(1‐piperidino)propanes ( 10 ) while the E ‐isomer 9a yields erythro ‐ 11 . On tho other hand, the E ‐isomers 9b and 9c having 1‐oxido‐3(4)‐pyridinyl substituents afford erythro ‐ 12 resulting from attack by piperidine at C‐1 of the oxirane. Reductive deoxygenation using 10% palladium on charcoal and hydrogen gas effectively removed the N ‐oxide substituent from the threo ‐ 10 and erythro ‐ 11 β‐aminoalcohols. Dilute solution ir spectroscopy indicated the existance of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the β‐aminoalcohols 10 and 11 . The assignment of relative configuration of diastereoisomers 10 and 11 was based on the magnitude of the vicinal coupling constant J where J threo is greater than J erythro.
Mechanisms of Acid Decomposition of Dithiocarbamates. 1. Alkyl Dithiocarbamates (1998)

The acid decomposition of some substituted methyldithiocarbamates was studied in water at 25 °C in the range of Ho −5 and pH 5. The pH−rate profiles showed a bell-shaped curve from which were calculated the acid dissociation constants of the free and conjugate acid species and the specific acid catalysis rate constants kH. The Brønsted plot of kH vs pKN, the dissociation constant of the conjugate acid of the parent amine, suggests that the acid cleavage occurs through two mechanisms that depend on the pKN. The plot presents a convex upward curve with a maximum at pKN 9.2, which is consistent with the cleavage of the dithiocarbamate anion through a zwitterion intermediate and two transition states. For pKN < 9.2, the N-protonation is slower than the C−N bond breakdown. Inverse SIE showed that the zwitterion is formed through a late transition state. At pKN > 9.2, the C−N bond breakdown is the slowest step, and according to the inverse SIE, the transition state changes rapidly with the increase of pKN to a late transition state. The plot shows a minimum at pKN ∼10, indicating that a new mechanism emerges at higher values, and it is postulated that it represents a path of intramolecular S to N proton-transfer concerted with the C−N bond breakdown. The thiocarbonyl group acts as a powerful electron-withdrawing group, decreasing the basicity of the nitrogen of the parent amine by 14.1 pK units.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of dominant-negative Smad4 blocks TGF-β signaling in pancreatic acinar cells (2001)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic acinar cell growth. Smad4 is a central mediator in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. To study the effect of Smad4 on pancreatic growth, cell cycle protein expression, and the expression of a TGF-beta-responsive promoter in vitro, we constructed an adenovirus containing dominant-negative COOH terminal truncated Smad4 (AddnSmad4) downstream of the rat elastase promoter. Acinar cells expressed dominant-negative Smad4 within 8 h after infection, and expression persisted for 72 h. Mouse pancreatic acini were infected with either AddnSmad4 or control adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein, and TGF-beta was added 8 h after infection. Acinar cells were then incubated for 1, 2, or 3 days, and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation was determined. AddnSmad4 significantly reduced TGF-beta inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, with maximal effects on day 3. AddnSmad4 also completely blocked TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor. We next examined the effects of AddnSmad4 on TGF-beta-induced expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). TGF-beta induced upregulation of p21(Cip1), which was completely blocked by AddnSmad4. AddnSmad4 also inhibited TGF-beta-induced expression of the TGF-beta-responsive luciferase reporter 3TP-Lux. These results show that Smad4 is essential in TGF-beta-mediated signaling in pancreatic acinar cells.
A Cryptographic Evaluation of IPsec (1999)

Introduction In February 1999, we performed an evaluation of IPsec based on the November 1998 RFCs for IPsec [KA98c, KA98a, MG98a, MG98b, MD98, KA98b, Pip98, MSST98, HC98, GK98, TDG98, PA98]. Our evaluation focused primarily on the cryptographic properties of IPsec. We concentrated less on the integration aspects of IPsec, as neither of us is intimately familiar with typical IP implementations, IPsec was a great disappointment to us. Given the quality of the people that worked on it and the time that was spent on it, we expected a much better result. We are not alone in this opinion; from various discussions with the people involved, we learned that virtually nobody is satisfied with the process or the result. The development of IPsec seems to have been burdened by the committee process that it was forced to use, and it shows in the results. Even with all the serious critisisms that we have on IPsec, it is probably the best IP security protocol available at the moment. We hav
Care plans are a tool for better communication (2005)

Duncan Haughey is doing nurses a great injustice by complaining that ‘care plans are often meaningless’ (letters March 30). He must understand the importance of having to document the care he and other patients receive from nurses
Remote fish aquaculture monitoring system based on wireless transmission technology (2014)

This article establishes an automated monitoring system for the fish farm aquaculture environment. The fish farm setting is usually in convenient places without common place traffic. The proposed system is network surveillance combined with mobile devices and a remote platform to collect real-time farm environmental information. This system permits real-time observation and control of fish farms with dissolved oxygen sensors, temperature sensing elements using A/D and 8051 module signal conversion. The real-time data is captured and displayed via ZigBee wireless transmission signal transmitter to remote computer terminals. Visual Basic 2010 software is used to design the interface functions and control sensing module. This system is low-cost, low power, easy operation with wireless transmission capability. A continuous, stable power supply is very important for the aquaculture industry. The proposed system will use municipal electricity coupled with a battery power source to provide power with battery intervention if municipal power is interrupted. The battery system is designed to avoid the self-discharge phenomenon which reduces the battery lifetime. Solar power is used to provide charging at any time.
Anywhere Interfaces Using Handheld Augmented Reality (2012)

An investigation of the technology and human factors that drive augmented reality research describes recent developments in handheld AR, concentrating on localization, tracking, interaction, and visualization, and offers several examples illustrating the vast potential and important applications of AR. A related video can be seen here: http://youtu.be/ol371rIyUFY. It shows several real-world examples illustrating the vast potential and important applications of augmented reality.
Design of Expression Cassettes for the Generation of Transgenic Animals (Including Insulators) (2009)

The use of transgenesis is relatively rare in rats, and this is because of the relative difficulty in adding foreign genes by the conventional methods. Gene knock out and knock in by the conventional techniques of homologous recombination remain difficult in rats. This situation would be less crucial if the gene constructs were more reliable for the expression of foreign genes. The present chapter describes the state of the art in vector design for various genetic modifications in rats.
Interim analysis of toxicity and response in phase 1 trial of systemic targeted alpha therapy for metastatic melanoma (2007)

Observation of responses without any toxicity indicates that targeted alpha therapy has the potential to be a safe and effective therapeutic approach for metastatic melanoma.
Automatic detection and validation of race conditions in interrupt-driven embedded software (2017)

Interrupt-driven programs are widely deployed in safety-critical embedded systems to perform hardware and resource dependent data operation tasks. The frequent use of interrupts in these systems can cause race conditions to occur due to interactions between application tasks and interrupt handlers. Numerous program analysis and testing techniques have been proposed to detect races in multithreaded programs. Little work, however, has addressed race condition problems related to hardware interrupts. In this paper, we present SDRacer, an automated framework that can detect and validate race conditions in interrupt-driven embedded software. It uses a combination of static analysis and symbolic execution to generate input data for exercising the potential races. It then employs virtual platforms to dynamically validate these races by forcing the interrupts to occur at the potential racing points. We evaluate SDRacer on nine real-world embedded programs written in C language. The results show that SDRacer can precisely detect race conditions.
Giant enhancement of superconductivity in arrays of ultrathin gallium and zinc sub-nanowires embedded in zeolite (2018)

We have fabricated superconducting samples comprising gallium (Ga) or zinc (Zn) infiltrated into the one-dimensional (1D) linear channels of AlPO-5 (AFI) zeolite, which have an internal pore diameter of 7 Å and are separated by an insulating wall of ∼7–9 Å. The Angstrom-scale Ga and Zn sub-nanowires, arranged in Josephson-coupled triangular arrays with an ab-plane lattice constant of 14.4 Å, display bulk superconductivity with Tc values of 7.2 K and 3.7 K, respectively, which are significantly enhanced by a factor of 7 and 4 compared with their bulk values. While the zeolite template of our composite superconductor dictates the nanostructure of Ga and Zn to be 1D in the electronic sense with a highly advantageous effect for the superconducting pairing, the arrangement in a densely packed array structure avoids the shortcomings of other typical 1D superconductors, in which the coherence is usually completely suppressed by strong phase fluctuations.
Reelin-induced tryosine phosphorylation of Disabled 1 during neuronal positioning (1999)

The reelin (reln) and disabled 1 (dab1) genes both ensure correct neuronal positioning during brain development. We have found that the intracellular Dab1 protein receives a tyrosine phosphorylation signal from extracellular Reln protein. Genetic analysis shows that reln function depends on dab1, and vice versa, as expected if both genes are in the same pathway. Dab1 is expressed at a higher level, yet phosphorylated at a lower level, in reln mutant embryo brains. In primary neuronal cultures, Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation is stimulated by exogenous Reln. These results suggest that Reln regulates neuronal positioning by stimulating Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation.
Development of an integrated approach for evaluation of 2‐D gel image analysis: Impact of multiple proteins in single spots on comparative proteomics in conventional 2‐D gel/MALDI workflow (2007)

With 2-D gel mapping, it is often observed that essentially identical proteins migrate to different positions in the gel, while some seemingly well-resolved protein spots consist of multiple proteins. These observations can undermine the validity of gel-based comparative proteomic studies. Through a comparison of protein identifications using direct MALDI-TOF/TOF and LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of 2-D gel separated proteins from cauliflower florets, we have developed an integrated approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of comparative 2-D electrophoresis. From 46 spots of interest, we identified 51 proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and 108 proteins by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The results indicate that 75% of the analyzed spots contained multiple proteins. A comparison of hit rank for protein identifications showed that 37 out of 43 spots identified by MALDI matched the top-ranked hit from the ESI-MS/MS. By using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) to determine the abundance of the individual component proteins for the spots containing multiple proteins, we found that the top-hit proteins from 40 out of 43 spots identified by MALDI matched the most abundant proteins determined by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, our 2-D-GeLC-MS/MS results show that the top-hit proteins in 44 identified spots contributed on average 81% of the spots' staining intensity. This is the first quantitative measurement of the average rate of false assignment for direct MALDI analysis of 2-D gel spots using a new integrated workflow (2-D gel imaging, "2-D GeLC-MS/MS", and emPAI analysis). Here, the new approach is proposed as an alternative to traditional gel-based quantitative proteomics studies.
Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms in Ordered Assemblies: Liquid Crystals Containing MoMo Quadruple Bonds (1990)

The temperature range of the mesophases of the carboxylato complexes [Mo2(O2CCnH2n+1)4] 1 depends significantly on the length of the hydrocarbon chain. Thus, 1, n  5 (hexanoate) is converted at 108°C into the mesophase, and only at 172°C into the isotropic liquid. In the case of 1, n  9 (decanoate), these values are 105 and 116°C, respectively, and in 1, n  11 (dodecanoate) a mesophase no longer occurs.
Feasibility of Popular m-Health Technologies for Activity Tracking Among Individuals with Serious Mental Illness (2014)

Obesity prevalence is nearly double among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder, compared with the general population. Emerging mobile health (m-health) technologies are increasingly available and offer the potential to support lifestyle interventions targeting weight loss, yet the practical feasibility of using these technologies in this high-risk group has not been established. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of popular m-health technologies for activity tracking among overweight and obese individuals with SMI. We provided wearable activity monitoring devices (FitBit [San Francisco, CA] Zip™ or Nike Inc. [Beaverton, OR] FuelBand) and smartphones (Apple [Cupertino, CA] iPhone(®) 4S) for accessing the smartphone application for each device to participants with SMI enrolled in a weight loss program. Feasibility of these devices was measured by the frequency of use over time. Acceptability was measured through qualitative follow-up interviews with participants. Ten participants with SMI wore the devices for a mean of 89% (standard deviation=13%) of the days in the study. Five participants wore the devices 100% of the time. Participants reported high satisfaction, stating the devices were easy to use, helpful for setting goals, motivational, and useful for self-monitoring. Several participants liked the social connectivity feature of the devices where they could see each other's progress on the smartphone application, noting that "friendly" competition increased motivation to be more physically active. This study supports using popular m-health technologies for activity tracking among individuals with SMI. These findings can inform the design of weight loss interventions targeting this vulnerable patient population.
Electronic Tongues and Combinations of Artificial Senses (2002)

Abstract The technique of electronic tongues or taste sensors has developed very fast during the last years due to its large potential, and the interest for the concept is steadily increasing. In principle, they function in the same way as the electronic nose, but are used in the aqueous phase. In this article, the technique as such is described, as well as different types of electronic tongues, based on potentiometry or voltametry. Also the combination of different artificial senses is discussed. Different sensing principles can be used in electronic tongues or taste sensors, such as electrochemical methods like potentiometry or voltametry, optical methods or measurements of mass changes based on e.g. quartz crystals. The first concept of an electronic tongue or taste sensor was based on ion sensitive lipid membranes and developed to response to the basic tastes of the tongue, that is sour, sweet, bitter, salt and “umami”. It has been further developed and is commercialized. The detecting part is an eight‐channel multi sensor, placed on a robot arm and controlled by a computer. This taste sensing system has mainly dealt with discrimination and estimation of the taste of different drinks. An electronic tongue, based on potentiometric sensor arrays of two general kinds, conventionally ones such as pH, sodium and potassium selective electrodes, and specially designed ones, has also been described. This system has been used for recognition of different kinds of drinks such as tea, soft drinks, juices and beers and compounds of relevance for pollution monitoring in river water. The use of voltametry as sensing principle in an electronic tongue has also been developed. This electronic tongue consists of a number of working electrodes made of different materials, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode. Different types of pulsed voltametry were applied. Application examples include classification of fruit juices, test for bacterial growth in milk or water quality. A hybrid electronic tongue has also been developed, based on the combination of the measurement techniques potentiometry, voltametry and conductivity. By using a combination of different artificial senses, the analytical capability will be considerably increased. Thus, the combination of an electronic tongue and an electronic nose for classification of different fruit juices was investigated. Furthermore, a special “artificial mouth” or “crush chamber” has been designed, in which information corresponding to three senses could be obtained — “auditory” by a microphone, “tactile” by a force sensor and “olfaction” by a gas sensor array, thus collecting information mimicking these three human sense. In this artificial mouth crispy products could be crushed under controlled conditions to make a complete sensory evaluation, all five human senses are involved. A new approach for the assessment of human based quality evaluation has been obtained by the design of an electronic sensor head. In this system, the artificial analogues to all the five human senses are used for quality evaluation of a sample could be collected.
The in vivo developmental toxicity of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in rat evaluated by an alternative testing strategy (2019)

In the present study, we evaluated an alternative testing strategy to quantitatively predict the in vivo developmental toxicity of the synthetic hormone diethylstilbestrol (DES). To this end, a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model was defined that was subsequently used to translate concentration-response data for the in vitro developmental toxicity of DES, obtained in the ES-D3 cell differentiation assay, into predicted in vivo dose-response data for developmental toxicity. The previous studies showed that the PBK model-facilitated reverse dosimetry approach is a useful approach to quantitatively predict the developmental toxicity of several developmental toxins. The results obtained in the present study show that the PBK model adequately predicted DES blood concentrations in rats. Further studies revealed that DES tested positive in the ES-D3 differentiation assay and that DES-induced inhibition of the ES-D3 cell differentiation could be counteracted by the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) antagonist fulvestrant, indicating that the in vitro ES-D3 cell differentiation assay was able to mimic the role of ERα reported in the mode of action underlying the developmental toxicity of DES in vivo. In spite of this, combining these in vitro data with the PBK model did not adequately predict the in vivo developmental toxicity of DES in a quantitative way. It is concluded that although the EST qualifies DES as a developmental toxin and detects the role of ERα in this process, the ES-D3 cell differentiation assay of the EST apparently does not adequately capture the processes underlying DES-induced developmental toxicity in vivo.
Fatigue in Aluminium Honeycomb-core Plates (2011)

peer reviewed
Virtual machine based heterogeneous checkpointing (2002)

Checkpointing an application is the act of saving the application's state during its execution on stable storage so that if the application fails, it can be restarted from the last saved state, thereby avoiding loss of the work that was already done. A heterogeneous checkpoint/restart mechanism allows to restart an application from a saved state that was taken in a hardware architecture and/or operating system that can be different from those in the machine on which it is restarted. This paper explores how to construct such a mechanism at the virtual machine level. That, is, rather than dumping the entire state of the application process, the mechanism reported here dumps the state of the application w.r.t. a virtual machine. During restart, the saved state is loaded into a new copy of the virtual machine, which continues running from there. The heterogeneous checkpoint/restart mechanism reported here was developed for the OCaml variant of ML. The paper reports on the main issues encountered in building such a mechanism and the design choices made, presents performance evaluations, and discusses some lessons and ideas for extending the work to native code OCaml, and to Java Virtual Machines.