gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monooxygenase mediated pyrethroid detoxification in sea lice (<i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>) (2005)

The role of monooxygenases in detoxification of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin was examined. Four strains of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer) with normal or moderately reduced sensitivity towards the pyrethroids were tested in bioassays by exposure to the pyrethroid alone and in combination with an oxygenase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The normal (baseline) sensitivity was considered as the sensitivity range for the two most sensitive strains. Pre-treatment with PBO elevated the sensitivity (P < 0.01) compared with groups exposed to the pyrethroid only. A positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between the activity of haem peroxidases and the pyrethroid concentration immobilizing 50% of the parasites was demonstrated (rho = 0.500 for deltamethrin and rho = 0.310 for cypermethrin). The results indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in detoxification of pyrethroids in sea lice. 14C-Deltamethrin was absorbed in a lesser amount in a group of sea lice exposed to a mixture of the compound and PBO than in a group exposed to 14C-deltamethrin alone. A significant difference could be demonstrated both immediately after exposure (P < 0.01) and 24 h after exposure (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups pre-treated with PBO and groups exposed to 14C-deltamethrin only. 14C-Deltamethrin was taken up mainly through the cuticle, especially the cuticle on the extremities of the ventral surface, and subsequently distributed throughout the body of the parasite.
Functional interactions of neurogenic genes of Drosophila melanogaster. (1988)

The neurogenic genes of Drosophila melanogaster are involved in the decision of ectodermal cells to take on a neural or an epidermal fate. We present evidence in support of the notion that six of the neurogenic genes are functionally related. We studied the phenotype of embryos lacking one of the neurogenic genes in the presence of an increased dosage of the wild-type allele of another neurogenic gene. Our analysis also included the Hairless locus, whose function is related to that of the neurogenic genes, as well as to many other genes. The effects observed were asymmetric in that triploidy for a given gene modified the phenotype of loss of the function of another gene, but triploidy of the latter gene did not modify the phenotype of loss of the function of the former gene. These asymmetries allowed us to establish a polarity of gene interactions, as well as to order the genes according to the assumed ability of some of them to modify the activity of others. In this sequence, almondex is the first link and Enhancer of split the last one. Our evidence suggests that the function of big brain is independent of the function of the other six. The consequences of this arrangement for the commitment of ectodermal cells are discussed.
Best practices in commercial real estate financing: the borrower's agenda in negotiating loan documents part 3 (2004)

Abstract Loan documents raise many issues for borrowers. This instalment of a four‐part paper describes some legal and business issues that are less fundamental than the issues that arise at the earliest stages of a transaction. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications
The extracellular enzymes of <i>Coniophora cerebulla</i> (1966)

1. The extracellular enzymes present in the culture filtrates of Coniophora cerebella grown on various carbohydrate carbon sources were investigated. Enzymes that degraded cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose fractions, starch, laminarin, pectin and several oligosaccharides were detected. 2. All the polysaccharide-degrading activities were adaptive except for that acting on laminarin. 3. The culture filtrates degraded native cellulose to only a very limited extent. 4. The hemicellulase activity included enzymes acting on all the major components of wood hemicellulose. 5. The main starch-degrading enzyme was a glucoamylase. 6. Laminarin-degrading activity was produced when cellulose, hemicellulose or starch was used as carbon source for the fungus and it may be involved in the re-utilization of hyphal carbon or of a reserve polysaccharide synthesized during active growth of the organism.
Determination of ethanol content in gasoline: theory and experiment (2004)

Adulterated gasoline may cause problems to the car engine, may present health hazards, and causes losses of tax revenues by the government. Recently, with the deregulation of the Brazilian oil market, there has been rising concerns regarding the quality of Brazilian gasoline. According to ANP (Brazilian regulatory authority), the gasoline is being adulterated by adding a higher concentration of ethanol, or using hydrated ethanol, or adding foreign solvents. This work presents a portable electronic method for the determination of ethanol content in Brazilian gasoline.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of Genes Encoding Anti-microbial Peptides in Drosophila (2009)

Secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPep) is a central defense mechanism used by invertebrates to combat infections. In Drosophila the synthesis of these peptides is a highly regulated process allowing their rapid release in the hemolymph upon contact with pathogens and the arrest of their production after pathogen clearance. We observed that AMPep genes have either a transient or sustained expression profile in S2 Drosophila cells treated with peptidoglycan. Moreover, AMPep genes containing AU-rich elements (ARE) in their 3'-untranslated region (UTR) are subject to a post-transcriptional control affecting mRNA stability, thereby contributing to their transient expression profile. Cecropin A1 (CecA1) constitutes the prototype of this latter class of AMPeps. CecA1 mRNA bears in its 3'-UTR an ARE similar to class II AREs found in several short-lived mammalian mRNAs. In response to immune deficiency cascade signaling activated by Gram-negative peptidoglycans, CecA1 mRNA is transiently stabilized and subsequently submitted to deadenylation and decay mediated by the ARE present in its 3'-UTR. The functionality of CecA1 ARE relies on its ability to recruit TIS11 protein, which accelerates CecA1 mRNA deadenylation and decay. Moreover, we observed that CecA1 mRNA deadenylation is a biphasic process. Whereas early deadenylation is independent of TIS11, the later deadenylation phase depends on TIS11 and is mediated by CAF1 deadenylase. We also report that in contrast to tristetraprolin, its mammalian homolog, TIS11, is constitutively expressed in S2 cells and accumulates in cytoplasmic foci distinct from processing bodies, suggesting that the Drosophila ARE-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay mechanism is markedly different in invertebrates and mammals.
Distributed Intelligent Energy Management System for a Single-Phase High-Frequency AC Microgrid (2007)

In this paper, a single-phase high-frequency AC (HFAC) microgrid is shown as a novel solution towards integrating renewable energy sources in a distributed generation system. Better utilization of the Microgrid is achieved by solving power flow and power quality issues using p-q theory-based active filtering called universal active power line conditioner and unified power quality conditioner, respectively. A distributed intelligent energy management system (DIEMS) is implemented to optimize operating costs. As the optimization greatly depends on the power generation and the power output from renewable sources strongly depends on the weather, the forecast of power generation is required for DIEMS. A Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is used to predict hourly day-type outputs based on which generation can be forecasted. Depending on the forecast, an optimization scheme is developed utilizing linear programming along with heuristics. The results obtained show the successful implementation of HFAC Microgrid with adequate power flow and power quality control, as well as the optimization of operation cost by the DIEMS with Fuzzy ARTMAP-based day-type forecasting. The improvement in the battery life is also achieved due to optimization of storage charge states using the proposed DIEMS
Towards Estimation and Correction of Wind Effects on a Quadrotor UAV (2014)

In this paper the problem of estimation and correction of wind effects on a quadrotor UAV, without using wind sensors, is discussed. A large body of research addresses the effects of wind on a quadrotor, however most of them consider it only as a disturbance in their control loop and, for this reason, they solved the problem compensating for the wind with a powerful controller. The main part of this paper is related to the modeling of wind on a quadrotor and to the wind tunnel tests performed at the IFD wind tunnel of ETH Zurich. The approach presented can be used as a starting point for future works. The results obtained in the wind tunnel are really promising for the formulation of a complete aerodynamic model of the quadrotor that has been missing until now.
Polyamine inhibition of transbilayer movement of plasma membrane phospholipids in the erythrocyte ghost. (1994)

The resting plasma membrane of circulating blood cells demonstrates an asymmetric distribution of the phospholipid classes across the bilayer that is altered during cellular activation. To better understand the mechanisms governing transbilayer distribution of phospholipids, studies were conducted using the erythrocyte ghost, in which plasma membrane leaflet distribution of phospholipids can be readily probed. Preparation of ghosts by hypotonic lysis at increasingly high dilution markedly enhanced (up to 10-fold) calcium-induced (50-500 microM) transbilayer movement of phospholipids. The enhanced transbilayer movement was assessed by translocation of exogenously added sn-2-[6[(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl]-labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine from the plasma membrane outer leaflet to the inner leaflet and vice versa, as well as transbilayer movement of endogenous phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet. It was found that phospholipid movement was bidirectional and also nonspecific with regard to polar head group. It was further demonstrated that preparation of ghosts at increasing dilution resulted in depletion of cellular polyamines and that physiologic replenishment of spermine, and to a lesser extent spermidine, resulted in significant inhibition (50 and 25%, respectively) of transbilayer movement of phospholipids. Replenishment of other di- and polyamines demonstrated that inhibition was not simply dependent on total cationic charge but rather on charge density and suggestive of specific interaction of the polyamines, particularly spermine, with the plasma membrane. As most cells demonstrate both a high degree of regulation in maintenance of polyamine levels and the means for facile shifts within cellular polyamine pools, it is suggested that loss of membrane asymmetry during cellular activation may be mediated in part through enhanced transbilayer movement of phospholipids due to altered polyamine-membrane associations.
Experience with TCP/IP networking protocol S/W over embedded OS for network appliance (2003)

Currently, the market of multimedia information appliance based on Internet activated by the growth of both multimedia service and access of Internet augment the importance of TCP/IP protocol S/W which can provide the existing standalone embedded systems with Internet service. In this paper we analyze the architecture and function of TCP/IP module to depend on 4.4BSD OS (Operating System) runtime environment and propose the new method against TCP/IP module dependent on 4.4BSD OS runtime environment. And then we implement embedded OS for the network appliance that supports multitasking under its environment to use only physical memory in embedded system.
Construction of vectors for inducible gene expression in<i>Lactobacillus sakei</i>and<i>L. plantarum</i> (2003)

We have constructed vectors for inducible expression of genes in Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum. The key elements of these vectors are a regulatable promoter involved in the production of the bacteriocins sakacin A and sakacin P and the genes encoding the cognate histidine protein kinase and response regulator that are necessary to activate this promoter upon induction by a peptide pheromone. The vectors are built up of cassettes that permit easy exchange of all parts through restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. Using beta-glucuronidase as a reporter enzyme, variants of these vectors were compared with each other, and with a corresponding system based on genes involved in the production of nisin. Several of the new vectors permitted tightly controlled and efficient expression of beta-glucuronidase in both L. sakei and L. plantarum.
Normal and Abnormal Heme Biosynthesis. 2.<sup>1</sup> Synthesis and Metabolism of Type-III Pentacarboxylic Porphyrinogens:  Further Experimental Evidence for the Enzymic Clockwise Decarboxylation of Uroporphyrinogen-III (1998)

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase catalyses the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen-III (1) to give coproporphyrinogen-III (2), a precursor to the hemes and chlorophylls. This involves the decarboxylation of four nonequivalent acetate side chains to produce methyl units and in principle could take place by 24 different pathways involving up to 14 intermediary porphyrinogens. In the past, seemingly contradictory data have been presented that either support an ordered “clockwise” decarboxylation pathway or a random decarboxylation process. Four pentacarboxylate porphyrinogens might be involved immediately before the formation of 2, and these compounds have been synthesized as the corresponding porphyrin pentamethyl esters via tripyrrene and a,c-biladiene intermediates. Hydrolysis of the methyl esters and reduction with 3% sodium amalgam gave the required porphyrinogens, and these were incubated with crude enzyme preparations derived from chicken red cell hemolysates. One of these pentacarboxylate porphyrinogens (5dab) consistently proved to be a much better substrate than the other three, providing new support for the “clockwise” pathway for coproporphyrinogen-III formation.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON DEFICIENT HETEROAROMATIC AMMONIOAMIDATES. XVI. THE SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ETHYL N‐(2‐METHYL‐4‐METHYLENE‐6,7‐METHYLENEDIOXY‐3,4‐DIHYDRO‐3‐QUINAZOLINYL)‐N‐PHENYLCARBAMATE (1978)

Abstract Die Bestrahlung derTitelverbindung (I) liefert, in lösungsmittelabhängigem Verhältnis, die Verbindungen (IIa), (IIb), (III), (IVa) und (IVb); in Aceton werden zusätzlich die Verbindungen (V) gebildet.
Size exclusion chromatography (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSize exclusion chromatographyGary L. HagnauerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 5, 265–276Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00242a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00242a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views824Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inductively-coupled power and data link for neural prostheses using a class-E oscillator and FSK modulation (2004)

Despite the success of implantable batteries as commonly used in pacemakers, implantable neural prosthetic devices typically have power requirements that exceed the capability of reasonably-sized implantable batteries. Therefore, transcutaneous magnetic coupling remains the method of choice for powering implanted neural prostheses. Using the same inductive link for transfer of power and bidirectional telemetry is an attractive solution to powering and communicating with implanted devices thus avoiding percutaneous plugs, wires, or conduits. The Class-E power oscillator has been identified as a highly-efficient transmitter circuit for use as a means of transferring power to an implant. Although the high-Q nature of this topology makes rapid modulation difficult, it is feasible to use synchronous frequency-shift-keyed (FSK) modulation of the Class-E circuit thereby combining an efficient power transmitter with a highspeed data link. Using this method, the transmitter can be modulated on a cycle-by-cycle basis with little to no additional power loss. Within an implanted device, demodulation of the FSK transmitted carrier can be accomplished using a novel demodulation circuit.
Accountants, Income Tax and the Unauthorized Practice of Law (1964)

IS A TAX problem legal or accounting in nature?Unimportant as the answer may be to the taxpayer, it may have vital significance to the problem solver.Much of an accountant's work involves tax problems.Must he call in a lawyer to answer every legal question that he encounters?The answer to this question is obviously no.Some legal competency is required for most tax questions-the ability to read the directions in filling out forms for example.For such tasks, no one would suggest calling a lawyer.But at the other end of the spectrum are tax problems which are clearly for the lawyer; M'Culloch v. Maryland 1 was a tax case.How limited an accountant is in his work by the threat of an unauthorized practice suit, and how limited he should be is the subject of this comment.The practice of accounting is regulated in California by the Business and Professions Code. 2 In addition to the limitations imposed upon accountants specifically, 3 there are some general regulations, which apply to all businesses and professions.One of these, especially important to the accountant engaged in income tax practice, is the restriction of the practice of law to those who are active members of the state bar. 4 Is there some line that can be drawn to separate the field of income taxation into zones of legal competence and accounting competence?The courts have attempted to draw such a line in cases involving alleged unauthorized practice of law by non-lawyers engaged in tax work.
Ultra-fine cellulose nanofibers: new nano-scale materials for water purification (2011)

The major challenges in membrane technology for water filtration are the development of new materials (e.g. high durability, low cost and low environmental concerns) and new structures (e.g. directed water channels) that can produce high permeation flux (thus low energy input) while maintaining a high selectivity or rejection rate. This highlight discusses the utilization of ultra-fine cellulose nanofibers (UCN, diameter 5–10 nm), made by TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation of natural cellulose (e.g. wood pulp), in different nanofibrous composite formats that can meet this challenge for microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) applications. The unique features of ultra-fine cellulose nanofibers include small diameter, high surface-to-volume ratio, easy surface functionality, good mechanical properties and good chemical resistance. The electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with fine pore size defined by the fiber diameter could be used to remove waterborne bacteria at two to three times higher flux when compared to that of commercial MF membranes (e.g., Millipore GS9035). When UCN were used as a functionalized adsorbent infused in the asymmetric two-layered non-woven fibrous format, the membranes exhibited a high ability to remove bacteria (by size exclusion) and viruses (by adsorption) simultaneously. When UCN were used as the barrier layer in an asymmetric three-layered non-woven fibrous format containing fibers of different diameters (from 5 nm to 20 µm), the membranes exhibited a two- to ten-fold increase in permeation flux over commercial membranes for ultrafiltration of oil and water emulsions (e.g., for purification of bilge water in ships or industrially produced water).
Thermal Treatment Effects Upon the Degradation Characteristics of PLLA Coiled Stents (2009)

Stents are a medical device used to restore blood flow in stenosed vessels. During the process of stent expansion, the balloon and stent could damage the endothelial lining of the vascular wall and alter the mechanical stress states of various tissue components. The evolution of stents has progressed from bare metal stents to drug eluting stents or stents coated with drugs such as Sirolimus. Drug eluting stents are currently used to address the restenosis event that occurs after implantation. These stents have been effective but late stent thrombosis has been an emerging issue with drug eluting stents. Bioresorbable stents have emerged as a potential candidate for drug eluting stents. Su 03 has shown drug-loading PLLA with curcumin can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. We have developed an internally coiled, furled helical PLLA fiber stent at our institution [Su 03, Zilberman 02, 04, 05]. We have previously shown the effect of 62°C thermal annealing on the expansive characteristics of this stent [Welch 08].
A Multiple-Diode High-Average-Power Avalanche-Diode Oscillator (Correspondence) (1969)

This correspondence presents a simple circuit which allows direct combining of the power obtainable from several avalanche diodes. The circuit does not require extremely close matching of dc or RF diode characteristics, and no particular isolating networks such as hybrid combiners are necessary. CW power output exceeding 4 watts at 7 GHz and 3 watts at 9 GHz has been demonstrated in a device employing five diodes. The number of diodes which can be combined using this technique is limited by geometric and heat sink considerations. Descriptions of typical single-diode and multiple-diode oscillators are given along with equivalent circuits. The circuits employ resistors or resistor networks to suppress low-frequency oscillations and undesired resonances which occur when several oscillators are coupled together. Negligible insertion loss is incurred at the design output frequency. Measured performance is given on similar single- and multiple-diode oscillators. Data include frequency, power, AM noise, FM noise, temperature, and loaded Q.
Calibrating the UHF technique of partial discharge detection using a PD simulator (1995)

The paper describes a technique for simulating the presence of partial discharges in gas-insulated substation (GIS) equipment. The technique employs a pulse generator to inject current pulses through a suitable protrusion. The current pulses have similar temporal characteristics to those produced by an actual discharge event, with the added advantage that their magnitudes can be controlled accurately. Because the pulses are highly reproducible, they are ideally suited for investigating the UHF technique of partial discharge detection. The paper discusses the relationship between the magnitude of the UHF signal received by a coupler and the discharge magnitude. It also shows that the coupler signal is dependent on the protrusion length and on the spatial relationship between the protrusion and the coupler. The implications for practical discharge measurements in GIS also are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>