gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switched-capacitor power electronics circuits (2001)

One of the main orientations in power electronics in the last decade has been the development of switching-mode converters without inductors and transformers. Light weight, small size and high power density are the result of using only switches and capacitors in the power stage of these converters. Thus, they serve as ideal power supplies for mobile electronic systems (e.g. cellular phones, personal digital assistants, and so forth). Switched-capacitor (SC) converters, with their large voltage conversion ratio, promise to be a response to such challenges of the 21st century as high-efficiency converters with low EMI emissions and the ability to realize steep step-down of the voltage (to 3 V or even a smaller supply voltage for integrated circuits) or steep step-up of the voltage for automotive industry or Internet services in the telecom industry. This paper is a tutorial of the main results in SC-converter research and design.
Optical Cyclostationary Processor for Spectrum Sensing (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate an optical architecture that computes the spectral correlation function of high bandwidth waveforms, employing the conjugate multiplication of signals via four-wave mixing in optical fiber. The SCF provides information regarding the baud rate, carrier frequency, and pulse shape of detected waveforms.
The localization and density of immune cells in primary tumors of human metastatic colorectal cancer shows an association with response to chemotherapy. (2009)

In situ immunohistochemical staining of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers has recently supported the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells therefore represent a valuable prognostic marker for patients with colorectal cancer, with a high density of immune cells being associated with a good outcome independently of other established prognostic markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between infiltrates of immune cells, in either the primary tumor or (where available) the corresponding liver metastases, with the response to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The analysis consisted of 32 samples from 22 patients with metastasized colorectal cancer, including ten pairs of primary tumors and corresponding liver metastases. In primary tumors the ratio of stained immune cells in the epithelial portion of the tumor as compared to the total number of immune cells staining for CD3, CD8 and Granzyme B showed a relationship to the response to chemotherapy and the time to progression under chemotherapy. The primary tumors showed marked intra-tumoral heterogeneity with respect to immune cell densities. Infiltrate densities differed significantly between corresponding primary tumors and liver metastases, a variability that was also observed at the invasive margin of liver metastases. This suggests that immune infiltrates at the invasive margin of liver metastases could be predictive with respect to response to treatment. This is currently being evaluated in a larger patient cohort.
Automated Pavement Distress Detection and Deterioration Analysis Using Street View Map (2020)

Automated pavement distress detection benefits road maintenance and operation by providing the condition and location of various distress rapidly. Existing work generally relies on manual labor or specific algorithms trained by dedicated datasets, which hinders the efficiency and applicable scenarios of methods. Street view map provides interactive panoramas of a large scale of urban roadway network, and is updated in a recurrent manner by the provider. This paper proposed a deep learning method based on a pre-trained neural network architecture to identify and locate different distress in real-time. About 20,000 street view images were collected and labeled as the training dataset using the Baidu e-map. Eight types of distress are notated using Yolov3 deep learning architecture. The scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptors combined with GPS and bounding boxes were applied to judge the deterioration of the distress. A decision tree was designed to evaluate the change of the distress over some time. A typical road in Shanghai was selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The images of the road from 2015 to 2017 were collected from the street view map. The results showed that the mean average precision of the proposed algorithm is 88.37%, demonstrating the vast potential of applying this method to detect pavement distress. 43 distress were newly generated, and 49 previous distress were patched in the two years. The proposed method can assist the authorities to schedule the maintenance activities more effectively.
Topological design of MPLS networks (2002)

The paper addresses the IP/MPLS network cost optimization problem of selecting the localizations of nodes and links, combined with links' dimensioning. As MPLS is flexible in routing demands' flows through the network, the considered problem is similar to the classical NP-hard topological design problems dealt with in the past, mostly in the context of the road traffic. We assume that the network nodes are composed of two disjoint sets: the set of access nodes (label edge routers) and the set of transit nodes (label switching routers). The access (end) nodes only generate demands and do not transit end-to-end demands' flows, while the transit nodes do not generate demands but do transit the flows. The selection of the actually installed transit nodes and the links interconnecting (all) network nodes is the major subject of optimization. As the considered problem is hard, we discuss and propose branch-and-bound based solution methods. The effectiveness of the methods is illustrated by means of a numerical study.
Energy-optimal synchronization primitives for single-chip multi-processors (2009)

Synchronization among tasks accounts for a sizable fraction of the energy consumption and execution time of applications running on Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chips platforms. In order to achieve fast and energy-efficient operations, it is therefore essential to implement efficient and power-frugal synchronization primitives. The design of such primitives is complicated by several software and hardware issues, such as: processors running at different speeds, different implementations of the waiting phase upon entering the critical section, and the ratio between static and dynamic power. In this work, we compare a set of classical implementations (i.e., based on busy waiting, or on sleep states) of mutex semaphores, and propose a hybrid (wait/sleep) semaphore in which the sleep state is entered only after a number of busywait cycles. The proposed scheme provides the best overall energy-delay product with respect to previously proposed schemes. Furthermore, we identify an optimal length of the busy-wait cycles, which is empirically shown to depend on the time required to switch from the sleep to the active state.
Studies of DNA dumbbells. II. Construction and characterization of DNA dumbbells with a 16 base‐pair duplex stem and T<sub><i>n</i></sub> end loops (<i>n</i> = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14) (1992)

The preparation and characterization of DNA dumbbells that contain the 16 base-pair duplex sequences 5'G-C-A-T-A-G-A-T-G-A-G-A-A-T-G-C3' (set 1) and 5'G-C-A-T-C-A-T-C-G-A-T-G-A-T-G-C3' (set 2) are reported. The dumbbells of set 1 have the duplex stem nucleated on both ends by Tn (n = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14) loops. The dumbbells of set 2 have Tn (n = 2, 4, 8, 10) end loops. For the molecules of set 1, effects of end loop size on the electrophoretic mobility, CD and UV absorbance spectra, and cleavage by restriction enzymes, were investigated. Effects of loop size on the CD spectra and restriction enzyme cleavage of the molecules of set 2 were also examined. Optical melting curves of the molecules of set 1 were collected as a function of sodium ion concentration from 30 to 120 mM. These investigations revealed that as loop size decreases, the electrophoretic mobilities, rates of enzyme cleavage, and optical melting temperatures increase. For end loops with at least three T's the observed increases are inversely proportional to loop size. The behavior of the dumbbell with T2 end loops departs from this linear dependence and is anomalous in every experimental context. For molecules with end loops comprised of at least four T's CD spectra were virtually indistinguishable. However, these spectra differed considerably from the CD spectrum of the T2-looped molecule. The CD spectrum of the dumbbell with T3 end loops displayed features common to the dumbbells with larger loops and T2 end loops. Thermodynamic evidence that the terminal G.C base pairs (bps) nucleating the T2 end loops were intact was obtained from a comparison of the melting temperature of this molecule with that of a DNA dumbbell containing the 14 central bps of the set 1 duplex sequence linked instead by end loops comprised of the four base sequence, C-T-T-C. The tm of this latter molecule was determined to be 9 degrees C less than that of the former dumbbell assumed to contain a 16-bp stem and T2 end loops.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Exosomes in human semen carry a distinctive repertoire of small non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions (2014)

Semen contains relatively ill-defined regulatory components that likely aid fertilization, but which could also interfere with defense against infection. Each ejaculate contains trillions of exosomes, membrane-enclosed subcellular microvesicles, which have immunosuppressive effects on cells important in the genital mucosa. Exosomes in general are believed to mediate inter-cellular communication, possibly by transferring small RNA molecules. We found that seminal exosome (SE) preparations contain a substantial amount of RNA from 20 to 100 nucleotides (nts) in length. We sequenced 20-40 and 40-100 nt fractions of SE RNA separately from six semen donors. We found various classes of small non-coding RNA, including microRNA (21.7% of the RNA in the 20-40 nt fraction) as well as abundant Y RNAs and tRNAs present in both fractions. Specific RNAs were consistently present in all donors. For example, 10 (of ∼2600 known) microRNAs constituted over 40% of mature microRNA in SE. Additionally, tRNA fragments were strongly enriched for 5'-ends of 18-19 or 30-34 nts in length; such tRNA fragments repress translation. Thus, SE could potentially deliver regulatory signals to the recipient mucosa via transfer of small RNA molecules.
A Computational Tool to Enhance Clinical Selection of Prosthetic Liners for People with Lower Limb Amputation (2016)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-12
Industrial mmWave Radar Sensor in Embedded Wafer-Level BGA Packaging Technology (2016)

We present highly integrated 60-GHz radar transceivers for industrial sensor applications. The bistatic and monostatic transceivers are implemented in the SiGe bipolar technology and packaged using the embedded wafer-level ball grid array technology that allows for direct embedding of the antennas in the package redistribution layer. In this way, very compact and efficient radar frontends comprising all millimeter-wave components can be implemented in an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> package. These frontends were soldered on a standard low-cost printed circuit board based on FR4 material. For verification of the proposed frontends, an frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system was developed and set up within this paper. Theoretical considerations and simulations as well as corresponding measurements were carried out for the evaluation of the designed system. The demonstrator results of these embedded radar sensors show an excellent system performance at a high integration level.
Identification and differential induction of the expression of aquaporins by salinity in broccoli plants (2011)

Plant aquaporins belong to a large superfamily of conserved proteins called the major intrinsic proteins (MIPs). There is limited information about the diversity of MIPs and their water transport capacity in broccoli (Brassica oleracea) plants. In this study, the cDNAs of isoforms of Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs), a class of aquaporins, from broccoli roots have been partially sequenced. Thus, sequencing experiments led to the identification of eight PIP1 and three PIP2 genes encoding PIPs in B. oleracea plants. The occurrence of different gene products encoding PIPs suggests that they may play different roles in plants. The screening of their expression as well as the expression of two specific PIP2 isoforms (BoPIP2;2 and BoPIP2;3), in different organs and under different salt-stress conditions in two varieties, has helped to unravel the function and the regulation of PIPs in plants. Thus, a high degree of BoPIP2;3 expression in mature leaves suggests that this BoPIP2;3 isoform plays important roles, not only in root water relations but also in the physiology and development of leaves. In addition, differences between gene and protein patterns led us to consider that mRNA synthesis is inhibited by the accumulation of the corresponding encoded protein. Therefore, transcript levels, protein abundance determination and the integrated hydraulic architecture of the roots must be considered in order to interpret the response of broccoli to salinity.
[Change of mating type induced by actinomycin D in the ciliate Dileptus anser]. (2009)

Effect of actinomycin D on the expression and inheritance of mating types (MTs) in mature laboratory clones of the ciliate Dileptus anser was studied. Each mature clone of these ciliates isolated from natural population appears to belong to one of the three complementary MTs - MT I, MT II or MT III. Its MT does not vary in the course of further laboratory cultivation of the clone in a series of vegetative generations. However, after treatment with actinomycin D (15 microg/ml, 3 days), such clones became hereditarily unstable for their MTs. At weekly testing for MT over the course of at least 15 weeks after treatment (which corresponds to more than 100 cellular divisions), many subclones of the treated clone reversibly changed their MT for another, and (or) showed temporary state of immaturity or partial maturity. These data testify in favour of our hypothesis of epigenetic MT determination in D. anser. Considering that actinomycin D induces heritable destabilization of some characters in amebas Amoeba proteus which is obviously of epigenetic nature, this antibiotic can possibly be regarded as "epimutagen".
Solubilization and Comparative Properties of Some Mammalian Diphosphopyridine Nucleosidases (1967)

Abstract Diphosphopyridine nucleosidases (DPNases) were solubilized from acetone powders prepared from some mammalian tissues. Solubilization was effected by the action of porcine pancreatic lipase on DPNases that are resistant to solubilization by trypsin and which heretofore had not been solubilized. Molecular weight estimates made on DPNases obtained from porcine, bovine, sheep, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, and human tissues, as well as mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells indicate that these enzymes fall into three size classes: porcine, bovine, and sheep, ∼25,000; dog, ∼50,000; and the remainder between 70,000 and 90,000. The electrophoretic characteristics of the DPNases indicate that with the exception of the sheep brain material all the low molecular weight enzymes migrate toward the cathode at pH 7.0. The sheep DPNase as well as the enzymes from all the other sources studied migrate in the opposite direction. The mouse ascites cell, rat, rabbit, and sheep preparations are particularly interesting in that they show a number of multiple forms that are enzymatically active. Notwithstanding the variability in molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility, the solubilized mammalian DPNases exhibit similar although not identical catalytic properties in their sensitivity to nicotinamide inhibition, specificity to DPN+ and TPN+, and formation of the 3-acetylpyridine analogue of DPN+. A new catalytic stain is described that is specific for DPNases which carry out the exchange reaction with pyridine bases.
Benzocyclobutene and related compounds (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzocyclobutene and related compoundsRandolph P. ThummelCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1980, 13, 3, 70–76Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50147a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (924 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Logic circuits with carbon nanotubes (2002)

A new technique is used for achieving field‐effect transistors based on a single semiconducting nanotube and with a gate that is local and that provides an excellent capacitive coupling with the nanotube. Transconductance measurements are reported that show the possible injection of either p‐ and n‐type carriers. Importantly, we demonstrate circuits that exhibit digital logic operations such as an inverter and an ac ring oscillator.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inhibits Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in J774 cells (1995)

Nonopsonized as well as immunoglobulin-G (IgG)-opsonized Yersinia pseudotuberculosis resists phagocytic uptake by the macrophage-like cell line J774 by a mechanism involving the plasmid-encoded proteins Yops. The tyrosine phosphatase YopH was of great importance for the antiphagocytic effect of the bacteria. YopH-negative mutants did not induce antiphagocytosis; instead, they were readily ingested, almost to the same extent as that of the translocation mutants YopB and YopD and the plasmid-cured strain. The bacterial determinant invasin was demonstrated to mediate phagocytosis of nonopsonized bacteria by these cells. In addition to inhibiting uptake of itself, Y. pseudotuberculosis also interfered with the phagocytic uptake of other types of prey: J774 cells that had been exposed to virulent Y. pseudotuberculosis exhibited a reduced capacity to ingest IgG-opsonized yeast particles. This effect was impaired when the bacterium-phagocyte interaction occurred in the presence of gentamicin, indicating a requirement for in situ bacterial protein synthesis. The Yersinia-mediated antiphagocytic effect on J774 cells was reversible: after 18 h in the presence of gentamicin, the phagocytic capacity of Yersinia-exposed J774 cells was completely restored. Inhibition of the uptake of IgG-opsonized yeast particles was dependent on the Yops in a manner similar to that seen for blockage of Yersinia phagocytosis. This similarity suggests that the pathogen affected a general phagocytic mechanism. Despite a marked reduction in the capacity to ingest IgG-opsonized yeast particles, no effect was observed on the binding of the prey. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Yop-mediated antiphagocytosis by Y. pseudotuberculosis affects regulatory functions downstream of the phagocytic receptor and thereby extends to other types of phagocytosis.
Upper airway considerations in hereditary angioedema (2010)

The use of old and new treatment in acute attacks as well as in prophylaxis (long and short-term) has changed the outcome of patients with hereditary angioedema who present upper airway swelling.
Electrical Matching of Unidirectional Surface Wave Devices (2005)

Recent advances in surface wave device (SWD) technology have made it possible to obtain bandpass filters with insertion losses as low as 0.65 dB by implementing 3-phase unidirectional transducers. This paper discusses the techniques used for electrically matching unidirectional SWD's and shows recent experimental results obtained by using these techniques. Also included are discussions on electrical measurements of 3-phase transducer terminals, different methods of phase splitting and transducer interface, component value calculations for phase splitting and matching, and a review of sources of filter insertion loss.
Characterization of Waters of Hydrophobic Hydration by Microwave Dielectric Relaxation (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCharacterization of Waters of Hydrophobic Hydration by Microwave Dielectric RelaxationDan W. Urry, Peng, Jie Xu, and David T. McPhersonView Author Information Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019 Bioelastics Research, Ltd., 1075 South 13th Street Birmingham, Alabama 35205 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5, 1161–1162Publication Date (Web):February 5, 1997Publication History Received11 July 1996Published online5 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962374rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962374rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydration,Hydrophobicity,Insulators,Polymers,Water Get e-Alerts
Remodeling and Restenosis: Observations from Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Studies. (2000)

Late responses to nonstent coronary interventions are determined less by intimal hyperplasia than by the direction and magnitude of arterial remodeling, except in diabetic patients. Negative arterial remodeling is a late event, is often preceded by an early (nonsustained) positive remodeling, and is distinct from passive elastic recoil. Diabetic patients have an exaggerated intimal hyperplastic response. Plaque burden may play an important role in the restenosis process by amplifying the negative remodeling. Stents reduce restenosis by opposing the late negative remodeling to offset a stent-related increase in neointimal hyperplasia. Both probucol and radiation appear to reduce late lumen loss after balloon angioplasty by promoting positive remodeling.