gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ECG analysis using nonlinear PCA neural networks for ischemia detection (1998)

The detection of ischemic cardiac beats from a patient's electrocardiogram (EGG) signal is based on the characteristics of a specific part of the beat called the ST segment. The correct classification of the beats relies heavily on the efficient and accurate extraction of the ST segment features. An algorithm is developed for this feature extraction based on nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA). NLPCA is a method for nonlinear feature extraction that is usually implemented by a multilayer neural network. It has been observed to have better performance, compared with linear principal component analysis (PCA), in complex problems where the relationships between the variables are not linear. In this paper, the NLPCA techniques are used to classify each segment into one of two classes: normal and abnormal (ST+, ST-, or artifact). During the algorithm training phase, only normal patterns are used, and for classification purposes, we use only two nonlinear features for each ST segment. The distribution of these features is modeled using a radial basis function network (RBFN). Test results using the European ST-T database show that using only two nonlinear components and a training set of 1000 normal samples from each file produce a correct classification rate of approximately 80% for the normal beats and higher than 90% for the ischemic beats.
Long‐term stability of an ambient self‐curable latex based on colloidal dispersions in water of two reactive polymers (2005)

Abstract An ambient self‐curable latex (ASCL) was prepared via the blending of colloidal dispersions in water of a chloromethylstyrene‐functionalized copolymer and a tertiary‐amine‐functionalized copolymer. Upon casting and drying under ambient conditions, the ASCL could generate crosslinked continuous polymer films. The crosslinking occurred via the Menschutkin reaction (quaternization) between the two types of functional groups. Because this reaction was reversible at high temperatures, the films could be decrosslinked and hence were self‐curable. The prepared ASCL exhibited excellent colloidal and chemical stability during long‐term storage: no significant changes in the colloidal properties, such as the particle size, electrophoretic mobility, and crosslinking reactivity, were observed after 48 months of storage. The electrophoretic measurements indicated that the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged particles of the ASCL was responsible for the excellent stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2598–2605, 2005
Improving Adoptive T Cell Therapy: The Particular Role of T Cell Costimulation, Cytokines, and Post-Transfer Vaccination (2016)

Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is a form of immunotherapy whereby antigen-specific T cells are isolated or engineered, expanded ex vivo, and transferred back to patients. Clinical benefit after ACT has been obtained in treatment of infection, various hematological malignancies, and some solid tumors; however, due to poor functionality and persistence of the transferred T cells, the efficacy of ACT in the treatment of most solid tumors is often marginal. Hence, much effort is undertaken to improve T cell function and persistence in ACT and significant progress is being made. Herein, we will review strategies to improve ACT success rates in the treatment of cancer and infection. We will deliberate on the most favorable phenotype for the tumor-specific T cells that are infused into patients and on how to obtain T cells bearing this phenotype by applying novel ex vivo culture methods. Moreover, we will discuss T cell function and persistence after transfer into patients and how these factors can be manipulated by means of providing costimulatory signals, cytokines, blocking antibodies to inhibitory molecules, and vaccination. Incorporation of these T cell stimulation strategies and combinations of the different treatment modalities are likely to improve clinical response rates further.
Phosphatidylinositol synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Reconstitution, characterization, and regulation of activity. (1986)

Purified membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol synthase (CDP diacylglycerol:myo-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase, EC 2.7.8.11) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was reconstituted into unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Reconstitution of the enzyme was performed by removing detergent from an octylglucoside/phospholipid/Triton X-100/enzyme mixed micelle mixture by Sephadex G-50 superfine column chromatography. The average diameter of the vesicles was 40 nm and chymotrypsin treatment of intact vesicles indicated that over 90% of the reconstituted enzyme had its active site facing outward. The enzymological properties and reaction mechanism of reconstituted phosphatidylinositol synthase were determined in the absence of detergent. The reconstituted enzyme was used as a model system to study the regulation of activity. Phosphatidylinositol synthase was constitutive in wild type cells grown in the presence of water-soluble phospholipid precursors as determined by enzyme activity and immunoblotting. Reconstituted enzyme was not effected by water-soluble phospholipid precursors or nucleotides. Maximum activity was found when the enzyme was reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylethanolamine: phosphatidylinositol: phosphatidylserine vesicles. Phosphatidylserine stimulated reconstituted activity, suggesting that the local phospholipid environment may regulate phosphatidylinositol synthase activity.
Efficacy of Avian Influenza Oil-Emulsion Vaccines in Chickens of Various Ages (1987)

An experimental avian influenza (AI) oil-emulsion vaccine was formulated with 1 part inactivated A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) AI virus emulsified in 4 parts oil. Broilers were vaccinated subcutaneously (SC) either at 1 or 3 days old or at 4 or 5 wks old. Commercial white leghorn (WL) layers were vaccinated SC at 12 and 20 wks old or at only 20 wks old. Maximum geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibition titers postvaccination (PV) were 1:86-1:320 for broilers, 1:597 for twice-vaccinated layers, and 1:422 for once-vaccinated layers. Ninety to 100% of vaccinated broilers were protected against death and morbidity when challenged with highly pathogenic A/chicken/Penn/83 (H5N2) AI virus 4 weeks PV, and all were protected when challenged 8 wks PV. All controls and most vaccinates were infected by challenge virus, and 90-100% of controls died or exhibited clinical signs. Vaccinated commercial pullets were protected against morbidity, death, and egg-production decline at either peak of lay (25 wks old) or at 55 wks old. All unvaccinated controls became morbid or died, and egg production ceased 72 hours after challenge. The 0.5-ml vaccine dose was determined to contain 251 and 528 mean protective doses (PD50S) in 4-wk-old and 1-year-old SPF WL chickens, respectively, challenged 4 wks PV.
Structural Patterns Beyond Forks: Extending the Complexity Boundaries of Classical Planning (2021)

Tractability analysis in terms of the causal graphs of planning problems has emerged as an important area of research in recent years, leading to new methods for the derivation of domain-independent heuristics (Katz and Domshlak 2010). Here we continue this work, extending our knowledge of the frontier between tractable and NP-complete fragments. We close some gaps left in previous work, and introduce novel causal graph fragments that we call the hourglass and semifork, for which under certain additional assumptions optimal planning is in P. We show that relaxing any one of the restrictions required for this tractability leads to NP-complete problems. Our results are of both theoretical and practical interest, as these fragments can be used in existing frameworks to derive new abstraction heuristics. Before they can be used, however, a number of practical issues must be addressed. We discuss these issues and propose some solutions.
SHORT NOTICES (1957)

SHORT NOTICES The Messiah in the Old Testament. By HELMER RINGGREN. Pp. 71. (Studies in Biblical Theology, XVIII.) London: S.C.M. Press Ltd., 1956. 7s. 6d. A. S. HERBERT A. S. HERBERT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 2, October 1957, Pages 409-b–409, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/VIII.2.409-b Published: 01 October 1957
An Econometric Model of the Term Structure of Interest‐Rate Swap Yields (1997)

ABSTRACT This article develops a multi‐factor econometric model of the term structure of interest‐rate swap yields. The model accommodates the possibility of counterparty default, and any differences in the liquidities of the Treasury and Swap markets. By parameterizing a model of swap rates directly, we are able to compute model‐based estimates of the defaultable zero‐coupon bond rates implicit in the swap market without having to specify a priori the dependence of these rates on default hazard or recovery rates. The time series analysis of spreads between zero‐coupon swap and treasury yields reveals that both credit and liquidity factors were important sources of variation in swap spreads over the past decade.
A Bayesian approach to joint feature selection and classifier design (2004)

This paper adopts a Bayesian approach to simultaneously learn both an optimal nonlinear classifier and a subset of predictor variables (or features) that are most relevant to the classification task. The approach uses heavy-tailed priors to promote sparsity in the utilization of both basis functions and features; these priors act as regularizers for the likelihood function that rewards good classification on the training data. We derive an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to efficiently compute a maximum a posteriori (MAP) point estimate of the various parameters. The algorithm is an extension of recent state-of-the-art sparse Bayesian classifiers, which in turn can be seen as Bayesian counterparts of support vector machines. Experimental comparisons using kernel classifiers demonstrate both parsimonious feature selection and excellent classification accuracy on a range of synthetic and benchmark data sets.
Animal cell lysosomes rapidly exchange membrane proteins. (1988)

The lysosome has been chosen as a model to study the exchange of native membrane proteins within an organelle population. Heterologous lysosomes were brought together by vesicular stomatitis virus-mediated cell fusion. The distribution of lysosomal membrane protein was visualized by indirect immunofluorescence using species-specific monoclonal antibody. LAMP-2, a mouse lysosomal membrane protein, and HLAMP-B, a human lysosomal membrane protein, were found to transfer to Chinese hamster ovary cell sucrosomes (sucrose-swollen lysosomes). This transfer occurred in the presence of cycloheximide. The exchange of LAMP-2 and LIMP I, a rat lysosomal membrane protein, was observed between native lysosomes in a mouse (3T3)-rat (normal rat kidney) cell fusion. Extensive transfer/exchange was observed within 1.5-2 hr postfusion, which is consistent with the kinetics of endocytic content exchange between lysosomes. Both membrane protein and content transfer between lysosomes were inhibited by nocodazole, a disrupter of microtubules, as was endocytic delivery to sucrose-swollen lysosomes. In the presence of nocodazole, tubular lysosomes disappeared. Both tubular lysosomes and microtubules may be important for the transfer/exchange. The interspecies cell fusion/monoclonal antibody approach developed here should be readily applicable to determining if membrane protein exchange is a property of other organelles such as Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
Investigation of Urea Deposits in Urea SCR Systems for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With increasing applications of urea SCR for NOx emission reduction, improving the system performance and durability has become a high priority. A typical urea SCR system includes a urea injector, injector housing, mixer, and appropriate pipe configurations to allow continuous urea injection into the exhaust stream and evaporation of urea solution into gaseous products. Continuous operation at various conditions with high NOx reduction is possible, but one problem that threatens the life and performance of these systems is urea deposit. When urea or its byproducts become deposited on the inner surfaces of the system including walls, mixers, injector housings and substrates it can create concerns of backpressure and material deteriorations. In addition, deposits as a waste of reagents can negatively affect engine operation, emissions performance and DEF economy.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Urea deposit behavior is explored in terms of heat transfer, pipe geometry, injector layout and mixing mechanisms. Two geometrical configurations of urea SCR systems are studied to evaluate heat transfer between urea and system and cooling of pipe wall where deposits can form. Multiple influencing factors such as wall temperature, urea injection rate, mixer and etc. are evaluated. Considerations on general urea test and mapping techniques are given. Necessary analytical predictions such as CFD spray modeling and theoretical formulas are performed and evaluated.</div></div>
Surface reconstruction using neural network mapping of range-sensor images to object space (2002)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Developing consistent pronunciation models for phonemic variants (2006)

Pronunciation lexicons often contain pronunciation variants. This can create two problems: It can be difficult to define these variants in an internally consistent way and it can also be difficult to extract generalised grapheme-to-phoneme rule sets from a lexicon containing variants. In this paper we address both these issues by creating ‘pseudo-phonemes’ associated with sets of ‘generation restriction rules’ to model those pronunciations that are consistently realised as two or more variants. By pre-processing and post-processing the lexicon appropriately, grapheme-to-phoneme algorithms that were not able to deal with pronunciation variants previously can now be extended to incorporate variants easily, without requiring changes to the standard algorithms. We evaluate the effectiveness of this approach using the Default&Refine rule extraction algorithm, and apply the method to both the English Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (OALD) and the Flemish FONILEX pronunciation lexicon. We find that the approach generalises to different languages, is able to model phonemic variation accurately and is able to identify inconsistent variants in preexisting lexicons.
Controlling the Glycosylation Profile in mAbs Using Time-Dependent Media Supplementation (2017)

In order to meet desired drug product quality targets, the glycosylation profile of biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) must be maintained consistently during manufacturing. Achieving consistent glycan distribution profiles requires identifying factors that influence glycosylation, and manipulating them appropriately via well-designed control strategies. Now, the cell culture media supplement, MnCl<sub>2</sub>, is known to alter the glycosylation profile in mAbs generally, but its effect, particularly when introduced at different stages during cell growth, has yet to be investigated and quantified. In this study, we evaluate the effect of time-dependent addition of MnCl<sub>2</sub> on the glycan profile quantitatively, using factorial design experiments. Our results show that MnCl<sub>2</sub> addition during the lag and exponential phases affects the glycan profile significantly more than stationary phase supplementation does. Also, using a novel computational technique, we identify various combinations of glycan species that are affected by this dynamic media supplementation scheme, and quantify the effects mathematically. Our experiments demonstrate the importance of taking into consideration the time of addition of these trace supplements, not just their concentrations, and our computational analysis provides insight into what supplements to add, when, and how much, in order to induce desired changes.
Distributed Generation Monitoring for Hierarchical Control Applications in Smart Microgrids (2016)

Hierarchical control/protection applications in smart microgrids require knowledge of real-time status of distributed generation (DG) systems. Lack or failure of communications with the microgrid central controller (MGCC) can significantly undermine performance of such applications since the MGCC cannot determine the number of operational energy sources. To overcome these challenges, the MGCC needs a secondary mechanism in order to track presence or absence of DG systems. This paper proposes a new monitoring approach that empowers the MGCC to estimate the number of operational DG systems and thus determine the total generation capacity of the microgrid. A parameter estimator is developed to extract an autoregressive model for the synchrophasors of current symmetrical components (CSC) of the main point of common coupling (PCC). The extracted model is used by an adaptive algorithm that identifies abrupt changes in DG by evaluating the norm of forward prediction error. The proposed approach uses real-time synchrophasor data to dynamically update the criterion for event detection and is very robust against abrupt load changes. The performance is verified using extensive simulations of the IEEE 13-Bus benchmark with four photovoltaic (PV) units.
Darwin as a geologist in Africa - dispelling the myths and unravelling a confused knot : research article (2012)

Two myths persist concerning the role played by Charles Darwin as a geologist in Africa during his epic voyage around the world (1831-1836). The first myth is that Darwin was a completely self-taught geologist, with no formal training. The second myth is that it was Darwin who finally solved the problem of the granite-schist contact at the famous Sea Point coastal exposures in Cape Town, after deliberately setting out to prove his predecessors wrong. These myths are challenged by the now ample evidence that Darwin had excellent help in his geological education from the likes of Robert Jameson, John Henslow and Adam Sedgwick. The story of Darwin and his predecessors at the Sea Point granite contact has become confused, and even conflated, with previous descriptions by Basil Hall (1813) and Clark Abel (1818). Here, the historical record is unravelled and set straight, and it is shown from the evidence of his notebooks that Darwin was quite unaware of the outcrops in Cape Town. His erudite account of the contact was a result of the 8 years spent in writing and correspondence after his return to England and not because of his brilliant insights on the outcrop, as the myth would have it. While there has been little to indicate Darwin's landfalls in Africa, a new plaque now explains the geology of the Sea Point Contact, and includes a drawing of Darwin's ship, the Beagle, and quotes from his work.
Isoniazid-related hepatitis: a U.S. Public Health Service cooperative surveillance study. (1978)

After an outbreak of hepatitis in Washington, D.C. in 1970 among a group of persons taking isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis, an isoniazid surveillance study was conducted among 13,838 persons in 21 participating health departments. Age appeared to be the predominant factor influencing the risk of developing isoniazid-related hepatitis, i.e., increasing age was associated with an increasing risk. Drinking alcohol, especially on a daily basis, also seemed to enhance the risk of hepatitis among persons concurrently taking isoniazid. In general, case rates among males and females of the same race, and rates among different races, were not markedly different; however, there were striking differences in the case rates among males of different races. The incidence of hepatitis varied greatly among the 21 cities, but was not unique to any geographic region, nor was it related to a specific manufacturer of isoniazid. The onset, in most cases, occurred within the first few months of treatment. Eight fatalities were reported by the 21 participating health departments, 7 occurring in one city. Black females accounted for 5 of the 8 deaths. This information provides a basis for weighing the benefits of isoniazid in preventing tuberculosis against the risk of its causing hepatitis. Close monitoring for overt signs or symptoms of hepatitis among persons receiving isoniazid preventive therapy is indicated, especially for persons greater than or equal to 35 years of age and those who drink alcoholic beverages on a daily basis.
650-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: laser properties and reliability investigations (2002)

650-nm AlGaInP-AlGaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs are investigated in dependence on the current aperture size. VCSELs with small aperture (a=5 μm) have a maximum continuous-wave (CW) output power of about 1 mW at room temperature. They reach higher operating temperatures (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =55/spl deg/C), have narrower beam profiles, less transverse modes, and a higher side mode suppression compared to large aperture VCSELs (a>13 μm). The latter devices emit a CW-output power P=3 mW at 20/spl deg/C. Reliability tests of 655-nm devices show at 20/spl deg/C an output power of P/spl ap/0.4 mW over more than 1000 h and at 40/spl deg/C P/spl ap/0.1 mW over 500 h.
May all your wishes come true (2009)

A wish is "a desire or hope for something to happen." In December 2007, people from around the world offered up their wishes to be printed on confetti and dropped from the sky during the famous New Year's Eve "ball drop" in New York City's Times Square. We present an in-depth analysis of this collection of wishes. We then leverage this unique resource to conduct the first study on building general "wish detectors" for natural language text. Wish detection complements traditional sentiment analysis and is valuable for collecting business intelligence and insights into the world's wants and desires. We demonstrate the wish detectors' effectiveness on domains as diverse as consumer product reviews and online political discussions.
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the eleventh generation (2010)

The eleventh generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF)was adopted in December 2009 by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Working Group V-MOD. It updates the previous IGRF generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2005.0, a main field model for epoch 2010.0, and a linear predictive secular variation model for 2010.0–2015.0. In this note the equations defining the IGRF model are provided\nalong with the spherical harmonic coefficients for the eleventh generation. Maps of the magnetic declination, inclination and total intensity for epoch 2010.0 and their predicted rates of change for 2010.0–2015.0 are presented. The recent evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly\nand magnetic pole positions are also examined.