gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Der zweite Schritt der Molybdäncofaktor Biosynthese : Molekularer Mechanismuns der Konversion von PrecursorZ zu Molybdopterin (2002)

Die Biosynthese des Molybdäncofaktors in Eukaryonten kann in drei Schritte unterteilt werden. Ausgehend von einem Guanosinderivat wird die schwefelfreie Pterinverbindung PrecursorZ hergestellt. Die Einführung einer Dithiolengruppe durch die MPT-Synthase schliesst die Synthese der organischen Komponente des Cofaktors ab. Molybdopterin (MPT) wird im letzten Schritt durch die Komplexierung von Molybdat in aktiven Moco umgewandelt. Die Aufklärung des molekularen Reaktionsmechanismus der Konversion von PrecursorZ zu MPT stand im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. Gelfiltrationsexperimente deuteten darauf hin, dass die E.coli MPT-Synthase ein heterotetrameres Enzym ist, das aus je zwei kleinen und grossen Untereinheiten besteht.Das Intein-Protein-Expressionssystem lieferte den Schlüssel zur funktionellen Charakterisierung der MPT-Synthase. Die postulierte in vivo Aktivierung durch Schwefelübertragung auf den C-Terminus der kleinen Untereinheit wurde in vitro ermöglicht. Damit konnte die kleine Untereinheit sowohl in nicht-modifizierter als auch in potentiell aktivierter Form als C-terminales Thiocarboxylat hinsichtlich ihrer Komplexbildungseigenschaften mit der grossen Untereinheit und resultierender Aktivität untersucht werden. Die in vitro Assemblierung des MPT-Synthase Komplexes aus seinen einzeln exprimierten Untereinheiten erfolgte unabhängig vom Zustand der kleinen Untereinheit. Anschliessende Aktivitätsmessungen belegten jedoch eindeutig, dass für eine Aktivierung der kleinen Untereinheit die C-terminale Thiocarboxylierung unabdingbar ist. Aktive pflanzliche und humane MPT-Synthase konnte zwar ebenfalls mit Hilfe des InteinSystems erzeugt werden, die Aktivitäten lagen jedoch im Vergleich zur bakteriellen nur etwa bei 5 bzw. 1,4 Im humanen System liess sich die geringe Aktivität auf die inaktive grosse Untereinheit zurückführen, während im pflanzlichen System die inaktive kleine Untereinheit verantwortlich war.
Caffeine Analogs: Structure-Activity Relationships at Adenosine Receptors (1991)

Caffeine and analogs that contain ethyl, propyl, allyl, propargyl and other substituents in place of methyl at 1-, 3- and 7-positions were antagonists at the two major classes (A1 and A2) of adenosine receptors. Potency at both receptors increased as methyls were replaced with larger substituents. Certain analogs with only one of the three methyl groups of caffeine replaced by larger substituents were somewhat selective for A2 receptors. None of the analogs were particularly selective for A1 receptors. The presence of polar entities in the substituent at the 1- or 7-position was poorly tolerated at adenosine receptors. Activity of caffeine analogs at A1 and A2 adenosine receptors in a variety of systems and cell types is presented and summarized.
Control Of Thermal Focus Shift In Plastic-Glass Lenses (1980)

Athermalization, the elimination of thermal focus shift in systems which contain plastic elements, is achieved by use of ficticious refractive indices and correction of an artifical secondary color.
List of Theses in Missions and Related Subjects Accepted during the Academic Year 1953–1954 (1954)

Replies were received from forty-six schools, thirteen of which reported no theses had been written in the field of missions. The Missionary Research Library is grateful for the cooperation of the seminaries and their professors of missions. The annotations following the titles of theses are by the professors reporting each thesis. Neither the compiler nor the editor has examined these theses or passed Judgment upon them. Each professor making a report has indicated that each particular thesis is related to foreign missions or, in a few instances, to home missions. It is assumed that this is the case where no annotation has been given. Inquiries concerning a title should be addressed to the school concerned and not to the Missionary Research Library. A subject list to the theses will be found on page 8.
DNA Modification Mechanisms and Gene Activity During Development (1975)

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Maximum Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rat Model of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Renal Artery Administration with Optimal Numbers (2014)

Administration route and dosage are two critical factors determining the efficiency of cell therapy and 1×10(5) MSCs injected through renal artery produces the most dramatic improvement in renal function and morphology in rat model of renal I/R injury.
Electrolytic Formation of Carbon-Sheathed Mixed Sn−Pb Nanowires (1999)

Carbon-encapsulated Sn−Pb nanowires are generated by electrolysis of graphite in molten LiCl containing these metals. SA-EDX analyses indicate a distinctive profile for the metal cores in which Sn predominates at one end and Pb at the other of the individual nanowires; X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that separate crystals of each metal can be distinguished, thus zone refining has occurred. The cores exhibit dynamic behavior under electron irradiation. A growth mechanism is proposed for the nanowires.
Effects of Combining Microbial and Chemical Insecticides on Mortality of the Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2011)

The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a key pest of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. Current control recommendations are based on chemical insecticide applications. Microbial control agents such as the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin occur naturally in southeastern U.S. pecan orchards and have shown promise as alternative control agents for C. caryjae. Conceivably, the chemical and microbial agents occur simultaneously within pecan orchards or might be applied concurrently. The objective of this study was to determine the interactions between two chemical insecticides that are used in commercial C. caryae control (i.e., carbaryl and cypermethrin applied below field rates) and the microbial agents B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae. In laboratory experiments, pecan weevil larval or adult mortality was assessed after application of microbial or chemical treatments applied singly or in combination (microbial + chemical agent). The nature of interactions (antagonism, additivity, or synergy) in terms of weevil mortality was evaluated over 9 d (larvae) or 5 d (adults). Results for B. bassiana indicated synergistic activity with carbaryl and antagonism with cypermethrin in C. caryae larvae and adults. For S. carpocapsae, synergy was detected with both chemicals in C. caryae larvae, but only additive effects were detected in adult weevils. Our results indicate that the chemical-microbial combinations tested are compatible with the exception of B. bassiana and cypermethrin. In addition, combinations that exhibited synergistic interactions may provide enhanced C. caryae control in commercial field applications; thus, their potential merits further exploration.
Strong dependence of time resolution on detector diameter in single photon avalanche diodes (1990)

The fact that the time resolution of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) is mainly dependent on the size of the detector area is demonstrated. The larger the detector is, the worse the time resolution is. This result is related to the avalanche physics and sets the ultimate performance of these devices in single-photon timing.
Electrophoretically Deposited TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Light-Scattering Layers of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

We report herein the enhanced light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a new bilayer structure of the TiO2 electrode. The bilayer structure consists of a light-absorbing TiO2 nanoparticle layer together with a light-scattering TiO2 nanotube layer formed upon. High aspect-ratio TiO2 nanotubes (α-TNTs) with a diameter of 20 nm were prepared via anodization of a Ti sheet in a perchloric acid solution, and the α-TNT layer was electrophoretically deposited onto the sintered TiO2 nanoparticle layer. The light-scattering property of the α-TNT layer was comparable to that of the commonly used TiO2 sub-micron nanoparticle layer. The α-TNT layer provided a large surface area for dye-adsorption as well as an efficient transport pathway for photo-generated carriers. These effects allowed a higher incident photon-to-current efficiency of the bilayer TiO2 structure with the nanotube light-scattering layer over the whole spectral range relative to that with a sub-micron nanoparticle layer.
Phenothiazine Effects on Psychological and Psychophysiological Dysfunction in Chronic Schizophrenics (1977)

This study examined the effects of phenothiazine treatment on attentional-perceptual, cognitive, and psychophysiological dysfunction in chronic schizophrenics. Under double-blind conditions, 20 patients receiving chlorpromazine and 20 receiving placebo for eight weeks were tested by performance measures, clinically rated, and monitored for skin resistance and heart rate on four occasions. Phenothiazine effects on measures of attention-perception and on psychophysiological response were demonstrable, but not on tests and ratings of cognitive dysfunction. The direction of effects was toward normalization of function. Drug treatment tended to improve ability to sustain set, to increase efficiency of selective attention, and to increase rate of information processing. Autonomic reactivity was reduced and a deactivation effect suggested. Clinical improvement was correlated with reduction in attentional dysfunction. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for hypothesized behavioral mechanisms of drug action, primary "behavioral site" of drug action, therapeutic response measurement, and functional theories of schizophrenic psychopathology.
Human herpesvirus 6 (2000)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), a member of the beta-herpesvirinae subfamily, is highly seroprevalent, has a worldwide distribution, and infection usually occurs within the first two years of life. In this age group, HHV-6 causes febrile illness including exanthem subitum with seizures a recognised complication. The virus is predominantly T lymphotropic although it can infect a variety of cell types in vitro and CD46 has recently been identified as a cellular receptor. The virus persists in the host, with a latent state proposed in monocytes and bone marrow progenitor cells, and chronic infection in salivary glands. The virus is pathogenic in the post transplantation period and may be a cofactor in the progression of HIV disease. The virus has also been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), with the virus detected in oligodendrocytes particularly in plaque regions. The role of HHV-6 in MS remains controversial and a more extensive understanding of its neurotropism and association with disease is required. Two variants of HHV-6 exist (A and B) and comparison of their complete nucleotide sequences shows the genomes to be colinear, with a high degree of homology. Variation in specific regions of the genome is more extensive and probably accounts for biological and pathological differences. Almost exclusively, variant B is associated with febrile illness in childhood and is the predominant variant detected in healthy individuals. The epidemiology of HHV-6A infection needs to be better defined, although it is significantly less prevalent. Biological, genetic, epidemiological and pathological findings suggest that the two variants are divergent.
A self-coherence based anti-jam GPS receiver (2003)

In this paper, we propose an anti-jam GPS receiver that is based on the self-coherence feature of the GPS signal. Due to the repetition of the spreading code within a navigation symbol, GPS signals exhibit strong self-coherence between the code chips separated by an integer multiple of the spreading gain. The proposed receiver utilizes the inherent self-coherence property of the GPS C/A-code to suppress interferers that have different structures from that of the GPS signal. The multi-antenna GPS receiver provides the optimum set of beamforming coefficients by maximizing the cross-correlation between the beamformer output and a reference signal.
Defining sarcopenia: the impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large middle aged cohort (2012)

Sarcopenia, low muscle mass, is an increasing problem in our ageing society. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies extremely between elderly cohorts ranging from 7% to over 50%. Without consensus on the definition of sarcopenia, a variety of diagnostic criteria are being used. We assessed the degree of agreement between seven different diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia based on muscle mass and handgrip strength, described in literature. In this cross-sectional study, we included men (n=0325) and women (n=0329) with complete measurements of handgrip strength and body composition values as measured by bioimpedance analysis within the Leiden Longevity Study. Prevalence of sarcopenia was stratified by gender and age. In men (mean age 64.5 years), the prevalence of sarcopenia with the different diagnostic criteria ranged from 0% to 20.8% in the lowest age category (below 60 years), from 0%to 31.2% in the middle (60 to 69 years) and from 0% to 45.2% in the highest age category (above 70 years). In women (mean age 61.8 years), the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 0% to 15.6%, 0% to 21.8% and 0% to 25.8% in the lowest, middle and highest age category, respectively. Only one participant (0.2%) was identified having sarcopenia according to all diagnostic criteria that marked prevalence above 0%. We conclude that the prevalence of sarcopenia is highly dependent on the applied diagnostic criteria. It is necessary to reach a consensus on the definition of sarcopenia in order to make studies comparable and for implementation in clinical care.
Über Silikone, LXXIV. Die Umsetzung von Bis‐trichlorsilyl‐dichlormethan und Tris‐trichlorsilyl‐chlormethan mit Silicium (1963)

Abstract Bis‐trichlorsilyl‐dichlormethan und Tris‐trichlorsilyl‐chlormethan, zwei der möglichen Zwischenverbindungen bei der Reaktion von Silicium‐Kupfer‐Gemischen mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, wurden mit jenen ebenfalls umgesetzt. Die isolierten Reaktionsprodukte bestätigten den seinerzeit angenommenen, schrittweisen Ersatz der an Kohlenstoff gebundenen Chloratome durch Trichlorsilylgruppen. Daneben lief stets eine Dechlorierung ab, die höheren Temperaturen außer‐dem von einer Pyrolyse begleitet war. Verbindungen, die diesen Nebenreaktionen entstammen, wurden isoliert.
Stacked substrates for high voltage applications (2012)

A new way of insulation high voltages in modules is described, solving the problem of high electric fields at sharp corners with multilayer structures. Today, modules with a blocking voltage above 1700V are based on Si3N4 or AlN substrates. Special effort is required to manage the high electric fields that occur at the sharp edges of the metal layers on both sides of the ceramic layer. Simulations show that stacking substrates can significantly reduce the peak electric fields that are generated. This allows cheaper isolation solutions such as partial discharge Al2O3 ceramics can be used to replace the more expensive AlN or Si3N4 ceramic. The Influence of ceramic and metallization thickness as well as the layout design have been discussed. The simulations have been confirmed by measurements. Finally limitations of the stacked structures are highlighted and suggestions are made for practical use in modules.
The CUSUM chart method as a tool for continuous monitoring of clinical outcomes using routinely collected data (2007)

CUSUM methods can be used in continuous monitoring of clinical outcomes using routinely collected data. Used prospectively, they could lead to the prompt detection of periods of suboptimal standards.
Discovery and Development of Anti-HBV Agents and Their Resistance (2010)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a prime cause of liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current drugs clinically available are nucleot(s)ide analogues that inhibit viral reverse transcriptase activity. Most drugs of this class are reported to have viral resistance with breakthrough. Recent advances in methods for in silico virtual screening of chemical libraries, together with a better understanding of the resistance mechanisms of existing drugs have expedited the discovery and development of novel anti-viral drugs. This review summarizes the current status of knowledge about and viral resistance of HBV drugs, approaches for the development of novel drugs as well as new viral and host targets for future drugs.
STEM 기반 수학 교수-학습 프로그램의 효과에 관한 연구 (2013)

본 연구는 STEM 기반 수학 교수-학습 프로그램을 개발, 적용하여 이 프로그램이 중학교 2학년 학생들의 수학 학습 및 진로 선택에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 STEM 기반 수학 교수-학습 프로그램은 학생들이 수학적 개념을 과학, 기술‧공학, 실생활과 연계하여 학습할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 연구 결과에 의하면 STEM 기반 교수-학습 프로그램은 학생들의 수학 교과에 대한 정의적 특성(자기조절력, 가치인식, 자신감)과 문제해결력을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 이와 더불어 STEM 기반 교수-학습 프로그램은 학생들이 이공계 분야로 진로를 설정하거나 탐색하도록 하는데 긍정적인 역할을 한 것으로 나타났다.
I know what you are reading (2013)

Reading is a ubiquitous activity that many people even perform in transit, such as while on the bus or while walking. Tracking reading enables us to gain more insights about expertise level and potential knowledge of users -- towards a reading log tracking and improve knowledge acquisition. As a first step towards this vision, in this work we investigate whether different document types can be automatically detected from visual behaviour recorded using a mobile eye tracker. We present an initial recognition approach that com- bines special purpose eye movement features as well as machine learning for document type detection. We evaluate our approach in a user study with eight participants and five Japanese document types and achieve a recognition performance of 74% using user-independent training.
Multiresolution Source/Filter Model for Low Bitrate Coding of Spot Microphone Signals (2008)

A multiresolution source/filter model for coding of audio source signals (spot recordings) is proposed. Spot recordings are a subset of the multimicrophone recordings of a music performance, before the mixing process is applied for producing the final multichannel audio mix. The technique enables low bitrate coding of spot signals with good audio quality (above 3.0 perceptual grade compared to the original). It is demonstrated that this particular model separates the various microphone recordings of a multimicrophone recording into a part that mainly characterizes a specific microphone signal and a part that is common to all signals of the same recording (and can thus be omitted during transmission). Our interest in low bitrate coding of spot recordings is related to applications such as remote mixing and real-time collaboration of musicians who are geographically distributed. Using the proposed approach, it is shown that it is possible to encode a multimicrophone audio recording using a single audio channel only, with additional information for each spot microphone signal in the order of 5Ã¢Â€Â‰kbps, for good-quality resynthesis. This is verified by employing both objective and subjective measures of performance.
Design, synthesis, and testing of potential antisickling agents. 4. Structure-activity relationships of benzyloxy and phenoxy acids (1984)

In this paper we further establish the activity of two classes of small molecules, benzyloxy and phenoxy acids, as potent inhibitors of hemoglobin S (HbS) gelation. Structural modifications with a large number of each class confirm our earlier work that the highest activity is observed with compounds that contain dihalogenated aromatic rings with attached polar side chains. We have also found a halogenated aromatic malonic acid derivative to be quite active. Compounds reported in this paper are compared with other antigelling agents studied in our laboratory. Comments are made concerning the antigelling activity and binding sites of four derivatives and their effect on the allosteric mechanism of hemoglobin (Hb) function.
Formation of supramolecular hydrogel microspheres via microfluidics (2009)

Supramolecular hydrogel microspheres are hydrogel particles formed by the self-assembly of hydrogelators in water, through non-covalent interactions. In this paper, we provide a novel strategy to prepare supramolecular hydrogel microspheres with diameters ranging from 15 to 105 microns by using microfluidics. Since the gelation temperature is ca. 64 degrees C, the aqueous solution containing the hydrogelator was initially set at 70 degrees C so the liquid mixture can be pumped into the microfluidic device. The hydrogelator solution then pinches off into uniform micron size droplets at the narrow orifice of the microfluidic device. While traveling downstream in the microchannel, the self-assembly process occurs inside the droplets and the droplets solidify into microsphere gels when the temperature drops to ca. 64 degrees C and below. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrate that compact, entangled, round, cage-like aggregates of hydrogelator were formed within the supramolecular hydrogel microsphere, in contrast to loose and less compact aggregates within bulk hydrogel. Thermal analysis (DSC) indicates that supramolecular hydrogel microspheres are more thermally stable and can immobilize more water molecules, owing to the compact entangled three-dimensional network structures. This observation is of particular importance for potential drug delivery and biomaterials applications.
Identification of Novel 14-3-3ζ Interacting Proteins by Quantitative Immunoprecipitation Combined with Knockdown (QUICK) (2010)

The family of 14-3-3 proteins has emerged as critical regulators of diverse cellular responses under both physiological and pathological conditions. To gain insight into the molecular action of 14-3-3ζ in multiple myeloma (MM), we performed a systematic proteomic analysis of 14-3-3ζ-associated proteins. This analysis, recently developed by Matthias Mann, termed quantitative immunoprecipitation combined with knockdown (QUICK), integrates RNAi, SILAC, immunoprecipitation, and quantitative MS technologies. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to distinguish 14-3-3ζ-interacting proteins from background proteins, resulting in the identification of 292 proteins in total with 95 novel interactions. Three 14-3-3ζ-interacting proteins-BAX, HSP70, and BAG3-were further confirmed by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitations and colocalization analysis. Our results therefore not only uncover a large number of novel 14-3-3ζ-associated proteins that possess a variety of cellular functions, but also provide new research directions for the study of the functions of 14-3-3ζ. This study also demonstrated that QUICK is a useful approach to detect specific protein-protein interactions with very high confidence and may have a wide range of applications in the investigation of protein complex interaction networks.