gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND ENZYMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF METHYLENE ANALOGS OF ADENOSINE 5′-TETRAPHOSPHATE (P<sub>4</sub>A) (2005)

A new methodology for synthesis of biologically important nucleoside tri- and tetraphosphates containing a bisphosphonate moiety instead of the terminal pyrophosphate bond is described. The series consists of tri- and tetraphosphate analogs of adenosine, guanosine and 7-methylguanosine (characteristic for mRNA cap). We have adopted a two-step procedure that allowed us to insert a methylene bridge into the phosphate chain. Nucleoside mono- or diphosphates were first activated (as imidazole derivatives) and then used in coupling reactions with organic salts of bisphosphonate. The resulting synthetic method enabled us to obtain the desired compounds with high yields and does not require any protective groups. This makes it very useful for the synthesis of labile compounds such as those containing the 7-methylguanosine ring. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. They were tested as potential substrates and inhibitors of several hydrolases.
Computer Vision-Based Augmented Reality for Guiding Manual Assembly (1997)

Augmented reality (AR) has the goal of enhancing a person's perception of the surrounding world, unlike virtual reality (VR) that aims at replacing the perception of the world with an artificial one. An important issue in AR is making the virtual world sensitive to the current state of the surrounding real world as the user interacts with it. For providing the appropriate augmentation stimulus at the right position and time, the system needs some sensor to interpret the surrounding scene. Computer vision holds great potential in providing the necessary interpretation of the scene. While a computer vision-based general interpretation of a scene is extremely difficult, the constraints from the assembly domain and specific marker-based coding scheme are used to develop an efficient and practical solution. We consider the problem of scene augmentation in the context of a human engaged in assembling a mechanical object from its components. Concepts from robot assembly planning are used to develop a systematic framework for presenting augmentation stimuli for this assembly domain. An experimental prototype system, VEGAS (Visual Enhancement for Guiding Assembly Sequences), is described, that implements some of the AR concepts for guiding assembly using computer vision.
Recognition and retrieval via histogram trees (2001)

This paper explores a new method for analysing and comparing image histograms. The technique amounts to a novel way of backprojecting an image into one with fewer, statistically significant colours. When the method is tested with the COIL-100 and MPEG-7 data sets it is shown to have a performance that is as good as the best methods using fewer enteries than the original histogram. Therefore it offers the potential for extending the use of histograms into high dimensional feature spaces.
Normal myelopoiesis but abnormal T lymphocyte responses in vitamin D receptor knockout mice (2002)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a transcription factor that mediates the actions of its ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], which can promote monocyte/macrophage differentiation and inhibit proliferation and cytokine production by activated T lymphocytes.In this study, VDR knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the possible role of VDR in hematopoiesis.The relative number of red and white peripheral blood cells and the percentage of bone marrow macrophages did not differ between VDR KO and wild-type mice.12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13acetate, but not 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , induced differentiation of bone marrow-committed myeloid stem cells from VDR KO mice to monocytes/macrophages.Production of IL-18, a Th1-promoting cytokine, was reduced in macrophages from these mice.Antigen-stimulated spleen cells from VDR KO mice showed an impaired Th1 cell response and had decreased expression of STAT4, a Th1 cell transcription factor.These results demonstrate the absolute requirement of VDR for 1,25(OH) 2 D 3induced monocyte/macrophage differentiation but show that monocyte/macrophage differentiation can occur in the absence of this receptor.The observed reduction in Th1 population in these mutant mice may be explained by a loss of macrophage IL-18 production or a suppression of STAT4 expression by activated splenocytes.
Metabolism of herbicides in higher plants (1982)

Gabapentin toxicity should be considered one of the differential diagnoses of altered consciousness in patients with compromised renal function even after a single dose. We report a 57-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and uraemia on regular haemodialysis who developed severe dizziness and lethargy after a single recommended dose of gabapentin for bilateral leg dysthesia. Because of progressive drowsiness and decreasing level of consciousness, one session of haemodialysis was performed and clinical recovery was dramatic. The adverse effects of gabapentin seem to vary from person to person and should be viewed with a high degree of suspicion, especially in patients taking this drug at the beginning.
Über Reaktionen von Äthylenhalogeniden mit primären, sekundären und tertiären β‐Hydroxyäthylaminen (1963)

Abstract Es wird über die Darstellung von N, N′‐Bis‐(β‐hydroxyäthyl)‐äthylendiamin‐Derivaten aus basischen Alkoholen und 1,2‐Dihalogenäthanen sowie die Substitution der Hydroxygruppen durch Halogen berichtet. Bei der Umsetzung von N, N′‐disubstituierten β‐Aminoäthanolen mit Äthylenbromid werden entsprechend den Reaktionsbedingungen verschiedene Verbindungen erhalten. Durch Einwirkung von Bromwasserstoffsäure auf N, N′‐Bis‐(äthyl‐β‐hydroxyäthyl)‐äthylendiamin wird neben dem entsprechenden Bromidhydrobromid N, N′‐Diäthyl‐N‐β‐bromäthylpiperazinium‐bromidhydrobromid gebildet, das wie auch das N, N′‐Bis‐(äthyl‐β‐bromäthyl)‐äthylendiamindihydrobromid durch Behandlung mit Acetanhydrid leicht in N, N′‐Diäthyl‐triäthylendiamin‐dibromid überführt werden kann.
The laboratory method as a variable in the interpretation of serum bilirubin fractionation. (1980)

Fractionation of the serum bilirubin into direct and indirect-reacting components has been used in the differentiation of patients with hepatobiliary disease from those with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Previous studies have shown that patients with indirect hyperbilirubinemia usually have total serum bilirubin concentrations less than 5 mg/dl. Therefore, clinically useful methods of fractionating bilirubin must yield reliable results in patients with mild hyperbilirubinemia. Experience with 4 patients with mild hyperbilirubinemia indicated that conflicting results could be obtained from two different laboratories. Therefore, a panel of hyperbilirubinemic sera were submitted to four different laboratories. While there was general agreement in sera containing high concentrations of bilirubin, marked variations were observed in the results reported on sera with less than 5 mg/dl total bilirubin. Finally, clinical and other laboratory parameters were reviewed in patients who had had bilirubin fractionation performed by one or the other of two routine laboratories. In one laboratory, bilirubin fractionation correctly distinguished patients with hepatobiliary disease, while the other laboratory was not able to differentiate patients on the basis of this test. These data suggest that despite the general reported agreement in standard methods for bilirubin fractionation there may be marked differences among methods in ability to reliably fractionate sera with total bilirubin concentrations less than 5 mg/dl.
Channel Shortening Phenomenon Due to Redox Reaction in a Lateral Direction on In–Ga–Zn–O Thin Film Transistors (2012)

We investigated low-resistivity regions in In–Ga–Zn–O layer formed by a redox reaction during post-passivation annealing. The low-resistivity regions formed inside the source and drain electrodes significantly affect the performance parameters of a thin film transistor (TFT), such as the electrically effective channel length and the external resistance of TFT channels. The TFT performance parameters depend on the gate voltage because the low-resistivity regions exhibit a gradual carrier distribution. We approximated the distributions using a function derived from the diffusion equation by fitting the calculated resistance to the measured resistance for several channel lengths. In addition, we acquired the diffusion coefficients for different annealing temperatures from distribution functions. The activation energy of the diffusion coefficients suggest that hydrogen diffusion results in the formation of the low-resistivity region by a reduction reaction in the In–Ga–Zn–O film.
Predictive value of plasma human chorionic gonadotrophin beta subunit in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. (1987)

A study was conducted aimed at establishing a range of plasma concentrations of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin that might predict ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. From May 1984 to February 1986, 161 consecutive pregnancies at the Monash University in vitro fertilisation unit were analysed by determining plasma beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations between two and 10 weeks after oocyte collection. Eighty eight ongoing singleton pregnancies, 25 multiple pregnancies, 27 first trimester spontaneous abortions, 12 anembryonic pregnancies, and nine ectopic pregnancies resulted from these conception cycles. When compared with values for ongoing singleton pregnancies two weeks after oocyte collection plasma beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in ectopic pregnancies were significantly lower (p less than 0.05; Wilcoxon rank sum test). Two weeks after oocyte collection all plasma beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in the set of ectopic pregnancies were below 30.6 IU/l, which corresponded to the lower quartile (25th percentile) of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in ongoing singleton pregnancies. The beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration corresponding to the lower quartile of ongoing singleton pregnancies at each week of gestation was used to derive the predictive value of various statistics in detecting ectopic pregnancy in patients after in vitro fertilisation. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, predictive value of a negative result, and efficiency of a single plasma beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration in predicting ectopic pregnancy were 100%, 68.1%, 16.7%, 100%, and 70%, respectively, two weeks after oocyte collection. These results suggest that a single determination of the plasma beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration beginning 14 days after oocyte collection is clinically useful in predicting the outcome of pregnancy achieved by in vitro fertilisation. Ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation is more likely when beta human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration is below the lower quartile of values in ongoing singleton pregnancies achieved by the technique.
Zonal rotors with removable seals: rotors B-X and B-XI. (1966)

Two removable-s-1 zonal rotors, designated B-X and B-XI, have been built and successfully tested for large volume rate- or isopycnic-zonal centrifugation.
Identification of a 60-kilodalton stress-related protein, p60, which interacts with hsp90 and hsp70. (1993)

Immunoaffinity purification of hsp90 from chick oviduct cytosol reveals two major proteins, hsp70 and a 60-kDa protein (p60), copurifying with hsp90. A similar result is obtained when hsp90 is immunoaffinity purified from chick liver and brain cytosols, avian fibroblasts, and rabbit reticulocyte lysate. This p60 is the same protein previously identified in certain assembly complexes of chick progesterone receptor generated in a cell-free reconstitution system. Tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptide fragments were generated from gel-purified p60, and partial N-terminal sequences were determined from eight peptides. The sequences show a striking similarity to the sequence of a 63-kDa human protein (IEF SSP 3521) whose abundance is increased in MRC-5 fibroblasts following simian virus 40 transformation. A monoclonal antibody was prepared against avian p60; Western immunoblot analysis showed that p60 was present in each of eight chick tissues examined and in each of the human, rat, rabbit, and Xenopus tissues tested. Immunoaffinity purifications from both chick oviduct cytosol and rabbit reticulocyte lysate using anti-p60 and anti-hsp70 monoclonal antibodies confirm that there is a relatively abundant complex in these extracts containing hsp90, hsp70, and p60. This complex appears to comprise an important functional unit in the assembly of progesterone receptor complexes. However, judging from the abundance and widespread occurrence of this multiprotein complex, hsp90, hsp70, and p60 probably function interactively in other systems as well.
A Best View Selection Method in Videos of Interested Player Captured by Multiple Cameras (2017)

최근 스포츠 중계에 동원되는 카메라 대수가 증가함에 따라 수많은 카메라 화면 중 순간적으로 최고의 화면을 고르는데 어려움이 있다. 지금까지 스포츠 경기를 촬영한 영상들에서 자동으로 최고의 화면을 선택하는 방법들이 연구되어 왔지만 배경이 고정된 영상들만을 고려해 배경이 움직이는 영상들을 고려하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 각 영상 별로 관심선수를 추적하여 획득한 영상 내 관심선수 영역을 대상으로 관심선수의 활동량, 얼굴 가시성, 다른 선수와의 겹침 정도, 이미지 블러 현상 정도를 매프레임 마다 정량적으로 나타내어 정량화된 값을 기반으로 최고의 화면을 선택한다. 이렇게 선택된 베스트 뷰를 20명의 일반 사람들에게 베스트 뷰와 워스트 뷰를 선택하게 하여 사람들이 선택한 베스트 뷰, 워스트 뷰와 비교한 결과 베스트 뷰와 일치율이 54.5%로 낮았지만 반대로 워스트 뷰와 일치율이 9%로 확실히 사람들이 선호하지 않는 화면은 선택하지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다.
Continuous Modification Treatment of Polyester Fabric by Ar-O2(10:1) Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure (2007)

Low-pressure glow discharges are efficient in generating uniform plasmas. They have been applied in the surface modification of a variety of materials. But most of these applications are limited to small-scales because of their reliance on vacuum equipments needed to sustain processes at low pressure. This work aims at commending a continuous surface treatment device, which meets the requirement of textile material surface modification by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure for industry production. In the experiment, quasi-glow-discharge, a glow-discharge like plasma, is produced under atmospheric pressure with the continuous simple device. Through the discharge of mixture of argon and oxygen, Ar-O2(10:1), polyester fabric is continuously modified. The results reveal that the dyeability of the polyester fabric is dramatically improved. The spectral value (K/S) of the dyed polyester fabric is increased by about 50%, and the relative dye up-take is also increased by about 18% after the treatment. The dyeing fastness of the modified material remains the highest degree. That is to say, the improvement of the dyeability does not degrade the dyeing fastness of the material at all. The study of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the smooth and glossy surface of polyester fiber becomes rough after the treatment. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) illustrates that Ar-O2(10:1) discharge can help generate a few carboxyl groups in the polyester fiber surface. The improvement of dyeability is attributed to the reaction of coarsenization and the introduction of functional groups in the surface during the treatment. Producing approximately uniform plasma in simple operation and achieving satisfying surface modification of textile material, this kind of device would play an active role in the future technological textile industry.
Synthesis of Polymer Bound Azabis(oxazoline) Ligands and their Application in Asymmetric Cyclopropanations (2006)

Abstract Aza(bisoxazoline) ligands were attached to various polymeric supports and the resulting immobilized ligands were evaluated in copper(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanations. The efficiency of these transformations depends greatly on the polymeric support, on the protocol being applied for the immobilization of the ligands, and on the preparation of the catalysts.
Influence of carnitine supplementation on muscle substrate and carnitine metabolism during exercise (1988)

We examined 1) the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on free fatty acid (FFA) utilization during exercise and 2) exercise-induced alterations in plasma levels and skeletal muscle exchange of carnitine. Seven moderately trained human male subjects serving as their own controls participated in two bicycle exercise sessions (120 min, 50% of VO2max). The second exercise was preceded by 5 days of oral carnitine supplementation (CS; 5 g daily). Despite a doubling of plasma carnitine levels, with CS, there were no effects on exercise-induced changes in arterial levels and turnover of FFA, the relation between leg FFA inflow and FFA uptake, or the leg exchange of other substrates. Heart rate during exercise after CS decreased 7-8%, but O2 uptake was unchanged. Exercise before CS induced a fall from 33.4 +/- 1.6 to 30.8 +/- 1.0 (SE) mumol/l in free plasma carnitine despite a release (2.5 +/- 0.9 mumol/min) from the leg. Simultaneously, acylated plasma carnitine rose from 5.0 +/- 1.0 to 14.2 +/- 1.4 mumol/l, with no evidence of leg release. Consequently, total plasma carnitine increased. We concluded that in healthy subjects CS does not influence muscle substrate utilization either at rest or during prolonged exercise and that free carnitine released from muscle during exercise is presumably acylated in the liver and released to plasma.
Murine EMT-6 Carcinoma: High Therapeutic Efficacy of Microbeam Radiation Therapy (2003)

Microbeam radiation therapy is an experimental modality using parallel arrays of thin (<100 micro m) slices of synchrotron-generated X rays (microplanar beams, microbeams). We used EMT-6 murine mammary carcinoma subcutaneously inoculated in the hind legs of mice to compare the therapeutic efficacies of single-fraction, unidirectional (1) "co-planar" microbeams (an array of vertically oriented microplanar beams), (2) "cross-planar" microbeams (two arrays of parallel microbeams propagated in the same direction, one with vertically and the other with horizontally oriented microplanar beams), and (3) seamless (broad) beams from the same synchrotron source. The microbeams were 90 micro m wide and were spaced 300 micro m on center; the median energy in all beams was 100 or 118 keV. Tumor ablation rates were 4/8, 4/8 and 6/7 for a 410-, 520- and 650-Gy in-slice cross-planar microbeam dose, respectively, and 1/8, 3/8, 3/7 and 6/8 for a 23-, 30-, 38- and 45-Gy broad-beam dose, respectively. When the data were pooled from the three highest doses (same average tumor ablations of 50-60%), the incidences of normal-tissue acute toxicity (moist desquamation and epilation) and delayed toxicity (failure of hair regrowth) were significantly lower for cross-planar microbeams than broad beams (P < 0.025). Furthermore, for the highest doses in these two groups, which also had the same tumor ablation rate (>75%), not only were the above toxicities lower for the cross-planar microbeams than for the broad beams (P < 0.02), but severe leg dysfunction was also lower (P < 0.003). These findings suggest that single-fraction microbeams can ablate tumors at high rates with relatively little normal-tissue toxicity.
Quantum and Classical Coincidence Imaging (2004)

Coincidence, or ghost, imaging is a technique that uses two correlated optical fields to form an image of an object. In this work we identify aspects of coincidence imaging which can be performed with classically correlated light sources and aspects which require quantum entanglement. We find that entangled photons allow high-contrast, high-resolution imaging to be performed at any distance from the light source. We demonstrate this fact by forming ghost images in the near and far fields of an entangled photon source, noting that the product of the resolutions of these images is a factor of 3 better than that which is allowed by classical diffraction theory.
Transitions, Transition States, Transition State Analogues:  Zinc Pyrazolylborate Chemistry Related to Zinc Enzymes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransitions, Transition States, Transition State Analogues: Zinc Pyrazolylborate Chemistry Related to Zinc EnzymesHeinrich VahrenkampView Author Information Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 7, 589–596Publication Date (Web):April 6, 1999Publication History Received16 November 1998Published online6 April 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9703185https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9703185research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1233Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Ions,Ligands,Peptides and proteins,Zinc Get e-Alerts
A Robust Method for Human Pose Estimation Based on Geodesic Distance Features (2013)

In this work, we propose a real-time capable and robust method for human pose estimation based on geodesic distance features from depth images. Although a lot of work has been done in the field of the human pose estimation, it remains a challenging task - especially because of the high variability of human poses and self occlusions. The pose estimation focuses on the upper body, as it is the relevant part for a subsequent gesture and posture recognition and therefore the basis for a real human-machine-interaction. A graph-based representation of the 3D point cloud data is determined which allows for the measurement of pose-independent geodesic distances on the surface of the body. Based on these distances we determine feature points that are used for the adaptation of a kinematic skeleton model of the human upper body. The method does not need any pre-trained pose classifiers and can therefore track arbitrary poses as long as the user is not turned away from the camera.