gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Evaluation of the Vitek MS Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Gram-Positive Aerobic Bacteria (2013)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is gaining momentum as a tool for bacterial identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Compared with conventional methods, this technology can more readily and conveniently identify a wide range of organisms. Here, we report the findings from a multicenter study to evaluate the Vitek MS v2.0 system (bioMérieux, Inc.) for the identification of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 1,146 unique isolates, representing 13 genera and 42 species, were analyzed, and results were compared to those obtained by nucleic acid sequence-based identification as the reference method. For 1,063 of 1,146 isolates (92.8%), the Vitek MS provided a single identification that was accurate to the species level. For an additional 31 isolates (2.7%), multiple possible identifications were provided, all correct at the genus level. Mixed-genus or single-choice incorrect identifications were provided for 18 isolates (1.6%). Although no identification was obtained for 33 isolates (2.9%), there was no specific bacterial species for which the Vitek MS consistently failed to provide identification. In a subset of 463 isolates representing commonly encountered important pathogens, 95% were accurately identified to the species level and there were no misidentifications. Also, in all but one instance, the Vitek MS correctly differentiated Streptococcus pneumoniae from other viridans group streptococci. The findings demonstrate that the Vitek MS system is highly accurate for the identification of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria in the clinical laboratory setting.
Gain or loss of TGF-β signaling in mammary carcinoma cells can promote metastasis (2009)

The transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is a potent regulator of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. It has been known for many years that TGFbeta signaling in the carcinoma cell can suppress or promote tumor progression depending on the context of stimulation. While the impact of TGFbeta on the carcinoma cell is significant, it is now generally accepted that primary and metastatic carcinoma progression is regulated by an intricate network of host-tumor cell interactions. Interestingly, recent results have revealed that gain or loss of TGFbeta signaling in carcinoma cells can promote metastasis through carcinoma cell derived TGFbeta dependent host-tumor cell interactions in vivo. Further, gain or complete abrogation of TGFbeta signaling was shown to result in gene expression signatures that correlated with poor patient prognosis in breast cancer. Specifically, the TGFbeta responsive gene expression signature correlated with poor prognosis for estrogen receptor negative (ER(-)) breast cancer while complete abrogation of TGFbeta signaling resulted in a correlation with poor outcome in lymph node positive (LN(+)) and ER(+) breast cancers. Importantly, in both cases the correlation with poor prognosis was linked to carcinoma cell derived interactions with the adjacent microenvironment. Together the current results suggest that, in addition to intrinsic carcinoma cell signaling, TGFbeta dependent host-tumor cell interactions should be considered when designing therapeutic strategies to manage carcinoma progression.
The Influence of Numbers Released on the Outcome of Attempts to Introduce Exotic Bird Species to New Zealand (1997)

1. Information on the approximate number of individuals released is available for 47 of the 133 exotic bird species introduced to New Zealand in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Of these, 21 species had populations surviving in the wild in 1969-79. The long interval between introduction and assessment of outcome provides a rare opportunity to examine the factors correlated with successful establishment without the uncertainty of long-term population persistence associated with studies of short duration. 2. The probability of successful establishment was strongly influenced by the number of individuals released during the main period of introductions. Eight-three per cent of species that had more than 100 individuals released within a 10-year period became established, compared with 21% of species that had less than 100 birds released. The relationship between the probability of establishment and number of birds released was similar to that found in a previous study of introductions of exotic birds to Australia. 3. It was possible to look for a within-family influence on the success of introduction of the number of birds released in nine bird families. A positive influence was found within seven families and no effect in two families. This preponderance of families with a positive effect was statistically significant. 4. A significant effect of body weight on the probability of successful establishment was found, and negative effects of clutch size and latitude of origin. However, the statistical significance of these effects varied according to whether comparison was or was not restricted to within-family variation. After applying the Bonferroni adjustment to significance levels, to allow for the large number of variables and factors being considered, only the effect of the number of birds released was statistically significant. 5. No significant effects on the probability of successful establishment were apparent for the mean date of release, the minimum number of years in which birds were released, the hemisphere of origin (northern or southern) and the size and diversity of latitudinal distribution of the natural geographical range.
Visual Motion of Curves and Surfaces (2000)

For smooth curved surfaces the dominant image feature is the apparent contour, or outline. This is the projection of the contour generator, the locus of points on the surface which separate visible and occluded parts. The contour generator is dependent of the local surface geometry and the viewpoint. Each viewpoint will generate a different contour generator. This paper addresses the problem of recovering the three–dimensional shape and motion of curves and surfaces from image sequences of apparent contours.

For known viewer motion the visible surfaces can then be reconstructed by exploiting a spatio–temporal parametrization of the apparent contours and contour generators under viewer motion. A natural parametrization exploits the contour generators and the epipolar geometry between successive viewpoints. The epipolar parametrization leads to simplified expressions for the recovery of depth and surface curvatures from image velocities and accelerations and known viewer motion.

The parametrization is, however, degenerate when the apparent contour is singular since the ray is tangent to the contour generator and at frontier points when the epipolar plane is a tangent plane to the surface. At these isolated points the epipolar parametrization can no longer be used to recover the local surface geometry. This paper reviews the epipolar parametrization and shows how the degenerate cases can be used to recover surface geometry and unknown viewer motion from apparent contours of curved surfaces. Practical implementations are outlined.
Label-Free Sugar Detection Using Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Piezoresistive Microcantilevers (2008)

By appropriate surface functionalization using a thiolated phenylboronic acid derivative, gold-coated piezoresistive microcantilevers responsive to analytes having vicinal cis-diols were fashioned. A reference, uncoated cantilever permitted reliable subtraction of background signal (i.e., differential measurement). Experiments carried out in static mode under flow conditions, using the monosaccharide D-(-)-fructose as a test analyte in aqueous buffer, showed that the measured stationary-state surface stress was linear in analyte concentration over the 0-25 mM range, allowing this sugar to be readily detected at physiologically meaningful concentrations and at neutral pH. This approach offers a simple, reagentless, and flexible format for polyol screening that does not require aqueous alkaline solutions, suggesting potential applications in biomass process monitoring and glucose assay.
56 Kbps data transmission across the PSTN. How does it work? (2002)

On September 10, 1996, Rockwell Semiconductor Systems shocked the communications industry with its announcement of a revolutionary new dial up modem technology for communicating across the public switched telephone network (PSTN) at rates up to 56 Kbps. Since that time, Rockwell's 56 Kbps technology has been supported and adopted by most of the communications related companies in the world as the way to communicate at rates up to 56 Kbps. Prior to this announcement, the modem communications industry had convinced itself that communications across the PSTN were limited by Shannon's theorem to rates below 35 Kbps. Although Rockwell published a white paper describing its 56 Kbps technology shortly after the public announcement, and submitted its technology for standardization to both the ITU and the ANSI TR30 committees, there have been continual requests for an in-depth discussion of how the technology works, with particular emphasis on how this technology gets around the so-called Shannon limit. This paper attempts to address these issues.
High Fidelity Kinetic Self-Sorting in Multi-Component Systems Based on Guests with Multiple Binding Epitopes (2006)

The molecular recognition platforms of natural systems often possess multiple binding epitopes, each of which has programmed functional consequences. We report the dynamic behavior of a system comprising CB[6], CB[7], and guests cyclohexanediammonium (1) and adamantanealkylammonium (2) that we refer to as a two-faced guest because it contains two distinct binding epitopes. We find that the presence of the two-faced guest--just as is observed for protein targeting in vivo--dictates the kinetic pathway that the system follows toward equilibrium. The influence of two-faced guest structure, cation concentration, cation identity, and individual rate and equilibrium constants on the behavior of the system was explored by a combination of experiment and simulation. Deconstruction of this system led to the discovery of an anomalous host-guest complex (CB[6].1) whose dissociation rate constant (k(out) = 8.5 x 10(-10) s(-1)) is approximately 100-fold slower than the widely used avidin.biotin affinity pair. This result, in combination with the analysis of previous systems which uncovered extraordinarily tight binding events (K(a) > or = 10(12) M(-1)), highlights the inherent potential of pursuing a systems approach toward supramolecular chemistry.
Design and measurement of harmonic rejection Direct Sampling Mixer (2009)

When we utilize Direct Sampling Mixer (DSM) in multi-standard receivers for channel selection, interference can be caused by signals at odd-times frequencies as the frequency of desired signal. We propose a novel structure of DSM including harmonic rejection with pseudo-sinusoidal pulses and show the measured result of a test-chip we implemented. We achieved about 20dB higher 3rd HRR than that of conventional one.
Scandium(III) Triflate as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structurally driven one-dimensional electron confinement in sub-5-nm graphene nanowrinkles (2015)

Abstract Graphene-based carbon materials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphenes have distinct and unique electronic properties that depend on their dimensionality and geometric structures. Graphene wrinkles with pseudo one-dimensional structures have been observed in a graphene sheet. However, their one-dimensional electronic properties have never been observed because of their large widths. Here we report the unique electronic structure of graphene nanowrinkles in a graphene sheet grown on Ni(111), the width of which was small enough to cause one-dimensional electron confinement. Use of spatially resolved, scanning tunnelling spectroscopy revealed bandgap opening and a one-dimensional van Hove singularity in the graphene nanowrinkles, as well as the chemical potential distribution across the graphene nanowrinkles. This observation allows us to realize a metallic-semiconducting-metallic junction in a single graphene sheet. Our demonstration of one-dimensional electron confinement in graphene provides the novel possibility of controlling its electronic properties not by chemical modification but by ‘mechanical structuring’.
Human-machine interfaces based on EMG and EEG applied to robotic systems (2008)

Such works are the initial parts of a system to help people with neuromotor diseases, including those with severe dysfunctions. The next steps are to convert a commercial wheelchair in an autonomous mobile vehicle; to implement the HMI onboard the autonomous wheelchair thus obtained to assist people with motor diseases, and to explore the potentiality of EEG signals, making the EEG-based HMI more robust and faster, aiming at using it to help individuals with severe motor dysfunctions.
Primary Human Placental Trophoblasts are Permissive for Zika Virus (ZIKV) Replication (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne (Aedes genus) arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. Although ZIKV has been predominately associated with a mild or asymptomatic dengue-like disease, its appearance in the Americas has been accompanied by a multi-fold increase in reported incidence of fetal microcephaly and brain malformations. The source and mode of vertical transmission from mother to fetus is presumptively transplacental, although a causal link explaining the interval delay between maternal symptoms and observed fetal malformations following infection has been missing. In this study, we show that primary human placental trophoblasts from non-exposed donors (n = 20) can be infected by primary passage ZIKV-FLR isolate, and uniquely allowed for ZIKV viral RNA replication when compared to dengue virus (DENV). Consistent with their being permissive for ZIKV infection, primary trophoblasts expressed multiple putative ZIKV cell entry receptors, and cellular function and differentiation were preserved. These findings suggest that ZIKV-FLR strain can replicate in human placental trophoblasts without host cell destruction, thereby serving as a likely permissive reservoir and portal of fetal transmission with risk of latent microcephaly and malformations.
Induction of apoptotic cell death in human leukemic cell line, HL-60, by extremely low frequency electric magnetic fields: analysis of the possible mechanisms in vitro. (1997)

The influence of extremely low frequency electric magnetic fields. (ELF EMFs) on apoptotic cell death was examined using a human leukemic cell line, HL-60 and normal human peripheral blood leukocytes. When HL-60 cells were exposed to 45 mT ELF EMFs, apoptotic cell death, characterized by cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and cleavage of internucleosomal DNA to yield fragments that were multiples of 180-200 base pairs, were induced. The minimum periods required apoptotic HL-60 cell death was 1.0 hour. However, exposure to ELF EMFs could not produce detectable DNA fragmentation in human peripheral blood leukocytes. Static magnetic fields could not induce apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells, even when the cells were exposed to 180 mT of magnetism for 3.5 hours. We further examined whether hyperthermia induced by induction current in ELF EMFs produced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Induction current in ELF EMFs enhanced temperature of culture medium to 40.3 degrees C at 3.0 hours of exposure. However, this level of temperature could not induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells, even when cells were cultured for 3.5 hours. These results suggest that induction current produced by ELF EMFs may be one of main mediator in apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
文学中的后现代伦理：后期的德里达、莫里森和他者 (2006)

德里达在他的《信仰和知识》（Foi et Savoir）以及后期著作的一些地方曾论及社群的概念，本文将说明德里达的社群概念在解释后现代美国叙事中的适用性，实际上也是对解释一般叙事和一般社群的适用性，例如对今天越来越多的人生活于其中的全球“社群”的适用性。在讨论中，文章将以托尼·莫里森的《爱娃》作为主要的文学实例。
A new CRL gate as super class of Fredkin gate to design reversible quantum circuits (2013)

Conservative reversible logic gate is a reversible logic gate that is reversible in nature and also satisfy the property that there are equal number of 1s in the outputs as in the inputs. In this work, we present a new class of n × n (n inputs and n outputs) conservative reversible logic gate named SCRL (Super Conservative Reversible Logic) gate for the design of reversible quantum circuits. The proposed SCRL gate has 1 control input depending on the value of which it can swap any two n - 1 data inputs, hence is superior to the existing Fredkin gate. In reversible circuits, the constant input bits that are used to realize different logic functions are referred to as ancilla inputs, while the outputs that are neither primary inputs nor contribute to any useful computations are referred to as garbage outputs. As Ancilla inputs and garbage outputs are overhead bits in a reversible circuit, they need to be minimized. Barrel shifter forms an integral component of many computing systems. As an example of using the proposed SCRL gate to design efficient reversible quantum circuits, the design of reversible barrel shifter with zero ancilla inputs and zero garbage outputs is illustrated.
Comparisons of the effects of fungicidal and fungistatic antifungal agents on the morphogenetic transformation of Candida albicans (1999)

Eleven different antifungal agents were compared, and their ability to inhibit the morphogenetic transformation of Candida albicans was examined together with their ability to inhibit growth, as measured by MIC methodology. The fungicidal potential of each agent was also determined. Of the antifungal agents tested, only amphotericin B, mulundocandin and aculeacin inhibited the transformation at sub-MIC values; all three agents showed fungicidal activity at concentrations close to the MIC. All other agents were fungicidal only at concentrations much higher than the MIC and inhibited the morphogenetic transformation only at concentrations above the MIC. These data suggest that fungicidal antifungal agents are more likely to act by inhibiting the morphogenetic transformation of C. albicans while fungistatic agents are unable to do so and are more likely to block growth by budding.
Randomized placebo controlled trial of lofexidine hydrochloride for chronic pelvic pain in women (2001)

Within the limits of a small study with power to detect only a substantial effect, we conclude that lofexidine hydrochloride is not effective for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.
Basal Levels of eIF2α Phosphorylation Determine Cellular Antioxidant Status by Regulating ATF4 and xCT Expression (2008)

eIF2alpha is part of a multimeric complex that regulates cap-dependent translation. Phosphorylation of eIF2alpha (phospho-eIF2alpha) is induced by various forms of cell stress, resulting in changes to the proteome of the cell with two diametrically opposed consequences, adaptation to stress or initiation of programmed cell death. In contrast to the robust eIF2alpha phosphorylation seen in response to acute insults, less is known about the functional role of basal levels of eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Here we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing a nonphosphorylatable eIF2alpha have enhanced sensitivity to diverse toxic insults, including amyloid beta-(1-42) peptide (Abeta), a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. This correlates with impaired glutathione metabolism because of down-regulation of the light chain, xCT, of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system X(-)(c). The mechanistic link between the absence of phospho-eIF2alpha and xCT expression is nuclear factor ATF4. Consistent with these findings, long term activation of the phospho-eIF2alpha/ATF4/xCT signaling module by the specific eIF2alpha phosphatase inhibitor, salubrinal, induces resistance against oxidative glutamate toxicity in the hippocampal cell line HT22 and primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, in PC12 cells selected for resistance against Abeta, increased activity of the phospho-eIF2alpha/ATF4/xCT module contributes to the resistant phenotype. In wild-type PC12 cells, activation of this module by salubrinal ameliorates the response to Abeta. Furthermore, in human brains, ATF4 and phospho-eIF2alpha levels are tightly correlated and up-regulated in Alzheimer disease, most probably representing an adaptive response against disease-related cellular stress rather than a correlate of neurodegeneration.
Multiple system atrophy: α‐synuclein and neuronal degeneration (2007)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder that encompasses olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), striatonigral degeneration (SND) and Shy-Drager syndrome (SDS). The histopathological hallmark is the formation of alpha-synuclein-positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in oligodendroglia. alpha-synuclein aggregation is also found in glial nuclear inclusions, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs), neuronal nuclear inclusions (NNIs) and dystrophic neurites. We evaluated the pathological features of 102 MSA cases, and presented the pathological spectrum of MSA and initial features of alpha-synuclein accumulation. We found that 39% of the 102 cases showed equivalent SND and OPCA pathologies, 33% showed OPCA- and 22% showed SND-predominant pathology, whereas 6% showed extremely mild changes. Our pathological analysis indicated that OPCA-type was relatively more frequent and SND-type was less frequent in Japanese MSA cases, compared to the relatively high frequency of SND-type in Western countries, suggesting that different phenotypic patterns of MSA may exist between races. In the early stage, in addition to GCIs, NNIs and diffuse homogenous alpha-synuclein staining in neuronal nuclei and cytoplasm were observed in lesions in the pontine nuclei, putamen, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, inferior olivary nucleus, intermediolateral column of thoracic spinal cord, lower motor neurons and cortical pyramidal neurons. A subgroup of MSA cases with severe temporal atrophy showed numerous NCIs, particularly in the limbic system. These findings suggest that primary non-fibrillar and fibrillar alpha-synuclein aggregation also occur in neurons. The oligo-myelin-axon-neuron complex mechanism, along with the direct involvement of neurons themselves, may synergistically accelerate the degenerative process of MSA.
LPE growth conditions for Cd1−<i>x</i>Mn<i>x</i>Te and Hg1−<i>x</i>Mn<i>x</i>Te epitaxial layers (1985)

An LPE tipping technique for the growth of ternary semimagnetic semiconducting CdMnTe and HgMnTe epitaxial layers from Te-rich solution is described. Liquid isotherms, growth conditions, and electronic characteristics of the layers have been investigated. High quality HgMnTe layers have been obtained on lattice-matched CdMnTe substrates.